bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A recurrence‐predictive model based on eight genes and tumor mutational burden/microsatellite instability status in Stage II/III colorectal cancer
Authors: Gao Zhaoya , Wan Zhiyi , Yu Pengfei , Shang Yan , Zhu Guangsheng , Jiang Huiyuan , Chen Yawei , Wang Shengzhou , Lei Fuming , Huang Wensheng , Zeng Qingmin , Wang Yanzhao , Rong Wanshui , Hong Yuming , Gao Qingkun , Niu Pengfei , Zhai Zhichao , An Ke , Ding Changmin , Wang Yunfan , Gu Guoli , Wang Xin , Meng Qingkai , Ye Shengwei , Liu Haiyi , Gu Jin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) is widely used to treat patients with Stage II/III colorectal cancer (CRC), administering ACT to specific patients remains a challenge. The decision to ACT requires an accurate assessment of recurrence risk and absolute treatment benefit. However, the traditional TNM staging system does not accurately assess a patient's individual risk of recurrence.MethodsTo identify recurrence risk‐related genetic factors for Stage II/III CRC patients after radical surgery, we conducted an analysis of whole‐exome sequencing of 47 patients with Stage II/III CRC who underwent radical surgery at five institutions. Patients were grouped into non‐recurrence group (NR, n = 24, recurrence‐free survival [RFS] > 5 years) and recurrence group (R, n = 23, RFS <2 years). The TCGA‐COAD/READ cohort was employed as the validation dataset.ResultsA recurrence‐predictive model (G8plus score) based on eight gene (CUL9, PCDHA12, HECTD3, DCX, SMARCA2, FAM193A, AATK, and SORCS2) mutations and tumor mutation burden/microsatellite instability (TMB/MSI) status was constructed, with 97.87% accuracy in our data and 100% negative predictive value in the TCGA‐COAD/READ cohort. For the TCGA‐COAD/READ cohort, the G8plus‐high group had better RFS (HR = 0.22, p = 0.024); the G8plus‐high tumors had significantly more infiltrated immune cell types, higher tertiary lymphoid structure signature scores, and higher immunological signature scores. The G8plus score was also a predict biomarker for immunotherapeutic in advanced CRC in the PUCH cohort.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the G8plus score is a powerful biomarker for predicting the risk of recurrence in patients with stage II/III CRC. It can be used to stratify patients who benefit from ACT and immunotherapy.
Estimating the economic burden of colorectal cancer in China, 2019–2030: A population‐level prevalence‐based analysis
Authors: Wang Hong , Li Yan‐Jie , Lei Lin , Liu Cheng‐Cheng , Chen Wan‐Qing , Dai Min , Wang Xin , Lew Jie‐Bin , Shi Ju‐Fang , Li Ni , He Jie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Comprehensive data on the economic burden of CRC at a population‐level is critical in informing policymaking, but such data are currently limited in China.MethodsFrom a societal perspective, the economic burden of CRC in 2019 was estimated, including direct medical and nonmedical expenditure, disability, and premature‐death‐related indirect expenditure. Data on disease burden was taken from the GBD 2019 and analyzed using a prevalence‐based approach. The per‐person direct expenditure and work loss days were from a multicenter study; the premature‐death‐related expenditure was estimated using a human capital approach. Projections were conducted in different simulated scenarios. All expenditure data were in Chinese Yuan (CNY) and discounted to 2019.ResultsIn 2019, the estimated overall economic burden of CRC in China was CNY170.5 billion (0.189% of the local GDP). The direct expenditure was CNY106.4 billion (62.4% of the total economic burden), 91.4% of which was a direct medical expenditure. The indirect expenditure was CNY64.1 billion, of which 63.7% was related to premature death. The predicted burden would reach CNY560.0 billion in 2030 given constant trends for disease burden; however, it would be alternatively reduced to <CNY515.2 billion if the cancer prevention and control goals set by the United Nations and China for 2030 are achieved.ConclusionsThe population‐level economic burden of CRC in China in 2019 seemed noteworthy, with the direct expenditure accounting for more than half. Without effectively reducing exposure to modifiable factors and expanding screening coverage, the burden would continue increasing.
Nutritional status associated with clinical outcomes in children with solid tumors: A retrospective cohort study from China
Authors: Li Yongzhen , Lu Zhongying , Ma Ao , Yao Wei , Dong Rui , Li Kai , Wu Min , Dong Kuiran , Qian Tian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the long‐term changes in nutritional status in children with solid tumors during treatment and the relationship between nutritional status and clinical outcomes.MethodsThis study was a retrospective medical records review of data from children who were diagnosed with solid tumors and followed up for more than 3 months from January 2016 to December 2021 in China. Patient demographics and clinical information, including nutritional status, parenteral nutrition use, intensive care unit (ICU) transfers, infection during hospitalization, hospitalization frequency, length of stay, hospitalization costs and antibiotic costs, were collected to analyze the nutritional status of children with different types of solid tumors, the dynamic changes in nutritional status during treatment, and the relationship between nutritional status and clinical outcomes.ResultsAmong the 764 patients (383 males (50.1%); 381 females (49.9%); mean age: 2.58 years), 41.6% of the solid tumors were neuroblastomas, 17.1% were hepatoblastomas, and Wilms tumors as the third most common solid tumors (8.9%). The median follow‐up duration was 6 months (range: 3–40 months). At diagnosis, the proportion of children who were undernourished (underweight and wasting) versus overweight or obese were 26.71% versus 5.21% (25.86% vs. 2.89% in the third month; 29.77% vs. 2.28% in the sixth month; 24.77% vs. 3.27% in the 12th month). The body mass index Z scores decreased from the initial values after the first month (−0.56 (−1.47, 0.23) vs. −0.44 (−1.29, 0.41)) but improved later and decreased again at 6 months. The children in the undernutrition group had longer hospital stays (p < 0.001), higher hospitalization costs (p < 0.001), higher antibiotic costs (p < 0.001), a higher risk of neutropenia (OR = 4.781 (95% CI: 1.571–14.553), p = 0.006), and a higher risk of ICU transfers (OR = 1.498 (95% CI: 1.010–2.224), p = 0.044). No significant differences in those associations by malnutrition and infection, ICU duration, or length of parenteral nutrition were observed.ConclusionThere is a considerable prevalence of malnutrition in children with solid tumors. Malnutrition is related to adverse clinical outcomes and increases in total hospital expenses and antibiotic costs.
Efficacy and safety of radiotherapy combined with anti‐angiogenic therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors in MSS/pMMR metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhai Menglan , Zhang Zixuan , Wang Haihong , Ren Jinghua , Zhang Sheng , Li Mingjie , Liu Lichao , Li Lisha , Zhang Lan , Li Xin , Zhang Tao , Lin Zhenyu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeSeveral studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of anti‐angiogenic drugs in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) or mismatch repair proficient (pMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, whether combination radiotherapy (RT) can further improve the prognosis of mCRC patients after second‐line treatment remains to be explored.MethodsRetrospective analysis of data from mCRC patients who received anti‐angiogenic targeted therapy (TT) and immunotherapy (IT) with or without RT after the failure of standard therapy. Progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety were evaluated.ResultsA total of 82 patients who received TT + IT were analyzed. For RT group (n = 42) versus NRT group (n = 40), ORR was 21.4% (9/42) versus 5.0% (2/40); DCR was 83.8% (35/42) versus 65.0% (26/40). Compared with NRT group, RT improved PFS (median: 5.0 vs. 3.6 months; p = 0.04) and OS (median: 15.2 vs. 7.2 months; p = 0.01). In addition, in the population receiving RT, the PFS of RT sequential/simultaneous TT + IT was superior to TT + IT sequential RT (median: 7.1 vs. 6.2 vs. 3.5 months, p = 0.004). Multivariate analysis suggested RT was an independent prognostic factor for PFS and OS. No treatment‐related deaths were reported.ConclusionsCompared with TT + IT, RT combined with TT + IT improved survival outcomes in MSS/pMMR mCRC patients, with manageable toxicity. RT sequential/simultaneous TT + IT treatment is expected to be the optimal strategy for MSS/PMMR mCRC.
Child Fatality Individual Case Reports: A 24‐Year National State‐by‐State Review
Authors: Mantell David M. , Chong Natalie , Takeno Todd , Pazdur Michelle , Walker Taylor 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study focused on the content of 1186 Child Fatality Review Board individual case reports collected nationally over a 24‐year period (1995–2019). This information, in contrast to group data, may yield important insights into the causative factors, especially for child fatality resulting from neglect and inflicted injury. The reports were collected from six of the 50 states and evaluated for the quality and amount of information. They were also surveyed for data identifying causative factors for neglect and inflicted injury. Only 25 (2 per cent) of 1186 reports that are publicly available contained sufficient information about the four major causative factors—cause of death, prior child protection agency involvement by the family, evidence of professional negligence or error and family history of at‐risk circumstances. The 25 cases were then reviewed and coded for presence of information about these factors. The findings demonstrate the need for federal intervention to provide specific guidelines for the states to track their cases, to use a common nomenclature, to investigate common causative factors and to practice common reporting procedures. In this way, a robust national database can be developed.
Pemphigus vulgaris in a neonate born to a mother with pemphigus vulgaris: A case report
Authors: Anand Ayush , Awake Praneet , Bhosale Anand , Bindu Rajan , Kher Anjali , Bhanap Prasad 
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical MessageActive pemphigus vulgaris in the mother can lead to neonatal pemphigus vulgaris, which is usually self‐limiting. Systemic corticosteroids are the mainstay of managing PV during pregnancy and until the child is breastfed.AbstractPemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a potentially life‐threatening autoimmune disease characterized by bullae and erosions over the skin and mucous membrane. PV is rarely reported in pregnant women and neonates. We reported the case of a 28‐year‐old Gravida 2 Parity 2 Living 1 who developed painful blisters and erosions in the oral cavity during third trimester of pregnancy. However, the diagnosis was delayed due to late presentation. The patient presented to our hospital at 37 weeks gestation with bullae and erosions distributed all over the body. Based on clinical evaluation and histopathology reports, she was diagnosed with PV. She delivered a child via cesarean section. The child also had similar lesions and was diagnosed with neonatal PV. Maternal PV was managed with prednisolone followed by azathioprine, leading to complete remission. No active intervention was required for neonatal PV as the condition was self‐limiting.
Numerical Investigation of Different Combustion Models for Dual‐Fuel Engine Combustion Processes
Authors: Liu Xicai , Wu Wenfeng , Wang Fubo , Wang Zhengquan , Guo Jia , Yu Hongliang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe combustion process of a dual‐fuel engine was calculated by characteristic timescale model (CTM), eddy breakup model (EBM), and coherent flamelet model (CFM) to verify the accuracy of the combustion models. The results show that the peak pressure calculated by EBM is 2.78 % higher than the experimental value, and the peak pressure calculated by CFM is closest to the experimental value. The EBM is the most accurate for CO2 emissions. The deviation of CO emissions from the experimental values calculated by CTM is the smallest (< 1 %). The NOx emission calculated by CTM is good agreement with the experimental value at low speed, and EBM is in best agreement with the experimental value at high speed. The hydrocarbon emission calculated by CFM is the most accurate, with a deviation of less than 0.6 %.
Adrenaline auto injectors pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies and potential consequences for clinical practice
Authors: Worm Margitta , Fox Adam T. , Wickman Magnus , Ring Johannes , Ebisawa Motohiro , Pouessel Guillaume , Smith Pete 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAnaphylaxis is a sudden multisystem allergic reaction which may result in a fatal outcome if not treated promptly. Guidelines worldwide suggest intramuscular adrenaline as the first‐line treatment for anaphylaxis outside a perioperative reaction. Adrenaline autoinjectors (AAIs) are widely used self‐administrable devices, especially in community settings. Different commercial AAIs have been authorized to be marketed in Europe. For an AAI to be efficacious, a rapid adrenaline delivery in patients, including those who are overweight or obese, resulting in an optimal cardiovascular (CV) response, is a key feature. AAIs are designed to achieve this requirement, which is reflected in their differing functional properties such as primary container selection, drug delivery mechanism (cartridge‐or syringe‐based), needle length, needle gauge, and adrenaline dose (150 μg, 300 μg, or 500 μg). However, the differences in functional properties across these devices may play a critical role in achieving these requirements as well as the differences in ergonomics in the handling of these devices.The purpose of this reviewConsidering the dynamic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) profiles of different AAIs marketed in Europe and their effect on adrenaline delivery, the expert panel, also serving as author for this paper have carried out a detailed analysis of the PK/PD profiles of four AAIs, namely, Anapen, Emerade, EpiPen, and Jext, to delineate the adrenaline delivery and their subsequent physiological effects on the backdrop of device characteristics, dose strength, and the skin‐to‐muscle distances of the participants.
Discriminating Between Apoptosis, Necrosis, Necroptosis, and Ferroptosis by Microscopy and Flow Cytometry
Authors: Costigan Aoife , Hollville Emilie , Martin Seamus J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractApoptosis is a mode of programmed cell death that plays important roles in tissue sculpting during development, in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in the adult, and in the eradication of injured or infected cells during pathological processes. Numerous physiological as well as pathological stimuli trigger apoptosis, such as engagement of plasma‐membrane‐associated Fas, TRAIL, or TNF receptors, growth factor deprivation, hypoxia, radiation, and exposure to diverse cytotoxic drugs. Apoptosis is coordinated by members of the caspase family of cysteine proteases, which, upon activation, trigger a series of dramatic morphological and biochemical changes including retraction from the substratum, cell shrinkage, extensive and protracted plasma membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, DNA hydrolysis, nuclear fragmentation, and proteolytic cleavage of numerous caspase substrates. These dramatic structural and biochemical alterations result not only in the controlled dismantling of the cell, but also in the rapid recognition and removal of apoptotic cells by phagocytes through the cell surface display of phagocytotic triggers such as phosphatidylserine. Necrosis, which is typically nonprogrammed or imposed upon the cell by overwhelming membrane or organelle damage, is characterized by high‐amplitude cell swelling, followed by rapid plasma membrane rupture and release of cellular contents into the extracellular space. Necrosis is often provoked by infectious agents or severe departure from physiological conditions due to toxins, temperature extremes, or physical injury. However, forms of programmed necrosis (necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis) can also occur in specific circumstances. Nonprogrammed and programmed necrosis can be distinguished from apoptosis by morphological features, based on the rapid uptake of vital dyes, and through the application of specific inhibitors of key molecules associated with the latter modes of cell death. This unit describes protocols for the measurement of apoptosis and necrosis and for distinguishing apoptosis from programmed as well as conventional necrosis. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Analysis of cell morphology by phase‐contrast microscopyAlternative Protocol 1: Assessment of morphological changes using eosin‐methylene blue stainingAlternative Protocol 2: Analysis of nuclear morphology by fluorescence microscopySupport Protocol: Preparation of cytospinsBasic Protocol 2: Measurement of plasma membrane composition with annexin V and propidium iodideBasic Protocol 3: Measurement of DNA fragmentation by flow cytometryAlternative Protocol 3: Analysis of DNA fragmentation by the TUNEL assayBasic Protocol 4: Measurement of caspase activation by flow cytometryBasic Protocol 5: Discriminating between apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis
Characterization of yellow‐green leaf1 mutant for improved phosphorus use efficiency and rapid offspring screening in Tartary buckwheat
Authors: Wang Yan , Chen Xuling , Guan Zhixiu , Yang Li , Xiang Dabing , Wan Yan , Jiang Kai , Liang Chenggang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLeaf color mutations provide valuable genetic resources for elucidating the molecular regulatory mechanisms of plant growth and serve as efficient tools for screening offspring in crossbreeding. In this study, a Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) mutant with yellow‐green leaves (yl1) was isolated from 60Co‐γ‐radiation mutation bank. Compared to wild type (WT), yl1 showed similar biomass and yield, despite a lower chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate. However, yl1 displayed significantly higher total phosphorus content after 14 days of medium and low phosphorus treatment. By using yl1 as the maternal parent, hybrid offspring could be visually distinguished at the cotyledon stage. Genetic analysis revealed that the yl1 phenotype was attributed to a single recessive mutation. Combined metabolome and transcriptome analysis identified 205 differential expressed metabolites (DEMs) and 123 differential expressed genes enriched in 30 pathways or metabolisms between yl1 and WT. Remarkably, the upregulation of SPX3, 5PTase2, PHO1, PAP3, PAP2, PAP7, and IPAP16, which are involved in enhancing phosphorus absorption, assimilation, transport, and remobilization, along with PLDζ1, GDPD1, MGD2, and NPC4L, which contribute to improving lipid metabolism, collectively resulted in high accumulation of 41 phosphorus‐containing DEMs (including 37 lipids) in yl1. This study emphasizes the potential of yl1 for effective screening of offspring and uncovers the interplay between photosynthesis and lipid metabolism, providing valuable insights to improve phosphorus use efficiency in Tartary buckwheat.
Allometric relationships between sapwood area and shrub dimensions for six common Southern African savanna bush encroacher species: Universal or species‐specific?
Authors: Hendler Roi , Herkenrath Tim , Shikangalah Rosemary , Blaum Niels , Geissler Katja 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSouthern African savanna rangelands are facing a widespread degradation pattern called bush encroachment. This is associated with implications for various aspects of the water cycle and in particular canopy transpiration. At the individual‐tree scale, it is estimated by scaling sap‐flux density by sapwood area. However, the direct measurement of sapwood area is impracticable at landscape scale and general allometric equations of the West‐Brown‐Enquist (WBE) model relating sapwood area to primary size measures seem to fail for some species and climates. Therefore, we conducted intensive field measurements to establish species‐specific allometric relationships between sapwood area and sizes (stem diameter, crown area) in six dominant shrub species involved in bush encroachment in Namibia (Colophospermum mopane, Senegalia mellifera, Vachellia reficiens, Dichrostachys cinerea, Vachellia nebrownii, Catophractes alexandri). We found strong allometric relationships between sapwood area and stem diameter as well as between sapwood area and crown area for all six species. These relations are largely in line with the WBE theory but still provide estimates that are more accurate. Only in D. cinerea, the sapwood area was significantly smaller than predicted by the WBE theory, which might be caused by a larger need for stabilizing heartwood. Our results are useful to estimate water loss via transpiration at a large scale using remote sensing techniques and can promote our understanding of the ecohydrological conditions that drive species‐specific bush encroachment in savannas. This is particularly important in the light of climate change, which is considered to have major implications on ecohydrological processes in savannas.
Positive association between emerald ash borer residence time and accumulation of invasive plants
Authors: Gougherty Andrew V. , Elliott Jessica M. , LaRue Elizabeth A. , Gallion Joey , Fei Songlin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInvasive forest pests can affect the composition and physical structure of forest canopies that may facilitate invasion by non‐native plants. However, it remains unclear whether this process is generalizable across invasive plant species at broad spatial scales, and how other landscape characteristics may simultaneously facilitate non‐native plant invasion. Here, we assembled a dataset of over 3000 repeatedly measured forest plots and quantified the impact of emerald ash borer (EAB, Agrilus planipennis) residence time, land cover, and forest structure on the accumulation and coverage of invasive plants. We show plots in counties with longer EAB residences tended to accumulate more invasive plants than plots with shorter EAB residences. On average, nearly half of the plots with ash (Fraxinus spp.) in counties with EAB accumulated an additional 0.48 invasive plant species over the 5‐ to 6‐year resample interval compared to plots with ash in counties without EAB at the time of sampling. Increases in invasive species coverage were also evident in counties with EAB—although residence time did not have a strong effect, while forest gap fraction and vertical complexity were each negatively associated with increased coverage. This work has implications for understanding how invasive forest pests can facilitate the spread of non‐native plants.