bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between yield and agronomic traits among geographic groups of barley landraces grown under high yielding conditions
Authors: Hoebe P. N. , Alegria-Terrazas R. , Hoad S. P. , Topp C. F.E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Future crop production needs to deliver sustained yield increase in important crops such as barley. Although significant progress has been made over the last century in improving yields, in the last few decades yield improvement has stagnated. Morphological traits related to yield from a wide genetic base can be explored to identify novel variation to support future plant breeding. This includes exploitation of traits and yield association for developing varieties with more consistent yield.
We investigated the strength of the association between yield (grain yield, thousand grain weight) and related agronomic traits (seed number, height, ear number, flag leaf width and length, ear length). This was done among groups of European barley landrace from different geographic origins and Harlan composite cross populations compared to modern cultivars grown under a common high yield test protocol. Relationship of agronomic traits and yield were assessed for each group across environments and years. There were significant relationships between yield and morphological traits among landrace and other groups and between 2 and 6 rowed ear habit.
Traits most strongly associated with grain yield were number of ears, plant height, flag leaf width and seeds per ear.
Grain size as thousand grain weight was correlated with number of ears, ear length, seeds per ear, flag leaf width and plant height.
We conclude that phenotypic relationships between yield and agronomic traits among barley landraces could be exploited for enhancing yield and sustainable production in future barley breeding.
Comparison of the Performance of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 With That of Medical Students on the Written German Medical Licensing Examination: Observational Study
Authors: Meyer Annika , Riese Janik , Streichert Thomas 
Published: February 2024

Background
The potential of artificial intelligence (AI)–based large language models, such as ChatGPT, has gained significant attention in the medical field. This enthusiasm is driven not only by recent breakthroughs and improved accessibility, but also by the prospect of democratizing medical knowledge and promoting equitable health care. However, the performance of ChatGPT is substantially influenced by the input language, and given the growing public trust in this AI tool compared to that in traditional sources of information, investigating its medical accuracy across different languages is of particular importance.

Objective
This study aimed to compare the performance of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 with that of medical students on the written German medical licensing examination.

Methods
To assess GPT-3.5’s and GPT-4's medical proficiency, we used 937 original multiple-choice questions from 3 written German medical licensing examinations in October 2021, April 2022, and October 2022.

Results
GPT-4 achieved an average score of 85% and ranked in the 92.8th, 99.5th, and 92.6th percentiles among medical students who took the same examinations in October 2021, April 2022, and October 2022, respectively. This represents a substantial improvement of 27% compared to GPT-3.5, which only passed 1 out of the 3 examinations. While GPT-3.5 performed well in psychiatry questions, GPT-4 exhibited strengths in internal medicine and surgery but showed weakness in academic research.

Conclusions
The study results highlight ChatGPT’s remarkable improvement from moderate (GPT-3.5) to high competency (GPT-4) in answering medical licensing examination questions in German. While GPT-4’s predecessor (GPT-3.5) was imprecise and inconsistent, it demonstrates considerable potential to improve medical education and patient care, provided that medically trained users critically evaluate its results. As the replacement of search engines by AI tools seems possible in the future, further studies with nonprofessional questions are needed to assess the safety and accuracy of ChatGPT for the general population.
Investigating the Impact of Prompt Engineering on the Performance of Large Language Models for Standardizing Obstetric Diagnosis Text: Comparative Study
Authors: Wang Lei , Bi Wenshuai , Zhao Suling , Ma Yinyao , Lv Longting , Meng Chenwei , Fu Jingru , Lv Hanlin 
Published: February 2024

Background
The accumulation of vast electronic medical records (EMRs) through medical informatization creates significant research value, particularly in obstetrics. Diagnostic standardization across different health care institutions and regions is vital for medical data analysis. Large language models (LLMs) have been extensively used for various medical tasks. Prompt engineering is key to use LLMs effectively.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate and compare the performance of LLMs with various prompt engineering techniques on the task of standardizing obstetric diagnostic terminology using real-world obstetric data.

Methods
The paper describes a 4-step approach used for mapping diagnoses in electronic medical records to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, observation domain. First, similarity measures were used for mapping the diagnoses. Second, candidate mapping terms were collected based on similarity scores above a threshold, to be used as the training data set. For generating optimal mapping terms, we used two LLMs (ChatGLM2 and Qwen-14B-Chat [QWEN]) for zero-shot learning in step 3. Finally, a performance comparison was conducted by using 3 pretrained bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERTs), including BERT, whole word masking BERT, and momentum contrastive learning with BERT (MC-BERT), for unsupervised optimal mapping term generation in the fourth step.

Results
LLMs and BERT demonstrated comparable performance at their respective optimal levels. LLMs showed clear advantages in terms of performance and efficiency in unsupervised settings. Interestingly, the performance of the LLMs varied significantly across different prompt engineering setups. For instance, when applying the self-consistency approach in QWEN, the F1-score improved by 5%, with precision increasing by 7.9%, outperforming the zero-shot method. Likewise, ChatGLM2 delivered similar rates of accurately generated responses. During the analysis, the BERT series served as a comparative model with comparable results. Among the 3 models, MC-BERT demonstrated the highest level of performance. However, the differences among the versions of BERT in this study were relatively insignificant.

Conclusions
After applying LLMs to standardize diagnoses and designing 4 different prompts, we compared the results to those generated by the BERT model. Our findings indicate that QWEN prompts largely outperformed the other prompts, with precision comparable to that of the BERT model. These results demonstrate the potential of unsupervised approaches in improving the efficiency of aligning diagnostic terms in daily research and uncovering hidden information values in patient data.
Síndrome cerebeloso por mesalamina: reporte de un caso
Authors: Fernández Yépez Luis José , Escorcia Barceló Ofelia , Montoya Jaramillo Mario , Herrera Ruiz Felipe 
Published: February 2024

El cerebelo proviene del latín “pequeño cerebro”, es aproximadamente una décima parte del cerebro en tamaño y peso, se encuentra en la fosa craneal posterior. está conectado directamente o indirectamente a una variedad de estructuras, incluyendo el tronco cerebral, la columna vertebral, las regiones corticales y subcorticales. El cerebelo contiene casi el 80 % del total de las neuronas del cerebro y se compone de formas diferenciadas de unidades neuronales, cada una compartiendo microcircuitos cerebelosos básicos. El cerebelo está formado por dos hemisferios laterales y una porción media o vermis.
El cerebelo tiene varias funciones: coordinar los movimientos voluntarios especializados al influir en la actividad muscular y controlar el equilibrio, el tono muscular a través de conexiones con el sistema vestibular, la médula espinal y sus neuronas motoras alfa. Dentro de la corteza del cerebelo existe una organización somatotópica de las partes del cuerpo.
El cerebelo es una pieza clave para el procesamiento de la información y participa en numerosas actividades motoras y no motoras, gracias a las características anatómicas de sus circuitos, las enormes capacidades de análisis y la alta conectividad con otras áreas del cerebro, puede verse afectado por diferentes factores como: anormalidades en el desarrollo embrionario, tóxicos, enfermedades autoinmunes, inflamatorias, vasculares y metabólicas, infecciones, tumores primarios y secundarios, traumas, iatrogénicos, enfermedades genéticas, esporádicas, dando origen a signos y síntomas que causan un síndrome cerebeloso de acuerdo al área anatómica comprometida.
En la literatura científica no hay reportes de casos de síndrome cerebeloso por mesalamina (mesalazina). A continuación presentamos el primer caso.
Motivasi Karir, Motivasi Sosial, Biaya Pendidikan dalam Mempengaruhi Minat Mahasiswa untuk Mengikuti Pendidikan Profesi Akuntansi
Authors: Harun Christian Silvester Saut , Utama I Made Karya 
Published: February 2024

Indonesia yang telah mengikuti perjanjian Asean Economic Community (AEC) pada tahun 2016 membuat negara-negara di kawasan ASEAN membuat aturan single market. Salah satu permasalahan akibat adanya AEC adalah terancamnya profesi Akuntan Publik di Indonesia. Tenaga akuntan di Indonesia masih sangat kurang, sedangkan kebutuhan akan akuntan yang professional sangat besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh motivasi karir, motivasi sosial, dan biaya pendidikan terhadap minat mahasiswa sarjana akuntansi untuk mengikuti pendidikan profesi akuntansi (PPAk). Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian yang menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang berbentuk asosiatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa akuntansi program S1 Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana angkatan 2019 yang berjumlah 255 mahasiswa aktif yang terdaftar di SIMAK. Penentuan sampel yang digunakan adalah teknik total sampling. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil peneitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh variabel independen yang meliputi motivasi karir, motivasi sosial dan biaya pendidikan berpengaruh secara bersama-sama pada minat mahasiswa sarjana akuntansi mengikuti PPAk. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa motivasi karir, motivasi sosial, dan biaya pendidikan berpengaruh positif pada minat mahasiswa sarjana akuntansi mengikuti PPAk. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa lembaga pendidikan dan regulator perlu memperhatikan faktor-faktor ini dalam merancang program PPAk yang lebih efektif dan menarik bagi calon akuntan profesional di masa depan.
Pengaruh Kecerdasan Emosional, Latar Belakang Jurusan, dan Perilaku Belajar Terhadap Tingkat Pemahaman Akuntansi
Authors: Wiraningsih Ni Made Ria Paramita , Sari Maria Mediatrix Ratna 
Published: February 2024

Tingkat pemahaman akuntansi yang dimiliki mahasiswa merupakan fokus penting karena merupakan salah satu indikator keberhasilan pendidikan yang mengarah pada akses karir kedepan seperti menjadi seorang akuntan profesional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kecerdasan emosional, latar belakang jurusan, dan perilaku belajar pada tingkat pemahaman akuntansi. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalan penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif yang berbentuk asosiatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana dengan metode survei menggunakan kuesioner. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 156 responden dengan teknik penentuan sampel yaitu purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kecerdasan emosional, latar belakang jurusan, dan perilaku belajar berpengaruh positif pada tingkat pemahaman akuntansi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi kecerdasan emosional, latar belakang jurusan, dan perilaku belajar yang dimiliki mahasiswa maka semakin tinggi pula tingkat pemahaman akuntansi mahasiswa Program Studi Sarjana Akuntansi Angkatan 2019. Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan teori kecerdasan majemuk dan teori sibernitik. Berdasarkan nilai koefisien determinasi penelitian ini, tingkat pemahaman akuntansi mampu dijelaskan oleh seluruh variabel independent, tetapi masih terdapat faktor pemicu lain untuk meningkatkan pemahaman akuntansi.
Poverty and Frustration as Predictor of Domestic Violence among Sandwich Students
Authors: Kamaldeen Rahmat Tinuke , Dawodu Muhammad Saheed , Ogo-Oluwa Ameenat Arinola 
Published: February 2024

The prevalence of domestic violence in Nigeria remains alarmingly high, exhibiting no discernible indications of decline. Prevalence of this phenomenon is observed among couples irrespective of their age, ethnic background, religious affiliation, or socioeconomic standing. This study aims to investigate the relationship between poverty and dissatisfaction as predictors of spousal violence among sandwich students. The research employed a descriptive design of the ex-post-facto kind. A multi-stage selection procedure was employed to pick a sample of 120 respondents from three departments. The participants were assessed using appropriate standardized measures (instruments) and the collected data were subjected to statistical analysis utilizing the percentage and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and Multiple Regression techniques at a significance level of 0.05. Hence, in light of the research indicating a significant correlation between poverty and domestic violence, it is suggested that counseling professionals and psychologists should enhance their endeavors to organize seminars for student couples.
Pulmonary hypertension is associated with hypocoagulability in dogs: a retrospective analysis of 66 cases (2013–2021)
Authors: Min Sahee , Wesselowski Sonya R. , Nabity Mary B. , Yankin Igor 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To describe coagulation profiles in dogs with echocardiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension (PH), to compare them to coagulation profiles in dogs without echocardiographic evidence of PH, and to determine the relationship between coagulation profiles and echocardiographic probability of PH.

ANIMALS
66 dogs with PH (cases) and 86 dogs without PH (controls).

METHODS
Retrospective evaluation of records between 2013 and 2021 of dogs that had both an echocardiogram and a coagulation panel performed within 7 days. Dogs that received antithrombotics within 7 days of evaluation and dogs diagnosed with congenital or acquired coagulopathy or other severe systemic disease that could lead to coagulopathy were excluded. Dogs with a low echocardiographic probability of PH were also excluded. The dogs were divided into a PH group and non-PH group based on echocardiographic results. Demographic, clinicopathologic, and traditional coagulation parameters and VCM Vet (Entegrion) parameters were compared between the 2 groups.

RESULTS
Dogs with PH were significantly older (median, 11 years vs 9.5 years, P = .02) and had a significantly lower body weight (median, 7.3 kg vs 19.3 kg, P < .001) than controls. Dogs with PH also had a significantly greater percent increase in prothrombin time (PT; P = .02), partial thromboplastin time (PTT; P < .0001), and fibrinogen (P = .045); however, their antithrombin concentration was lower (P = .005) compared to controls. Eight of 65 dogs (12.3%) in the PH group and 1/86 (1.2%) dogs in the non-PH group had an elevation of PT and/or PTT greater than 50% above the reference interval (P = .005). Dogs with PH had 11.9 times (95% CI, 1.5 to 97.9; P = .02) greater odds of being hypocoagulable than dogs without PH based on PT and PTT.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This study demonstrated an association between a moderate to high echocardiographic probability of PH and a hypocoagulable state in dogs as determined by traditional coagulation assays. It underscores the importance of monitoring the coagulation status in canine patients with PH, particularly before initiating antithrombotic medications.
Interactive Network Learning: An Assessment of EVE-NG Platform in Educational Settings
Authors: Harahus Maroš , Čavojský Matúš , Bugár Gabriel , Pleva Matúš 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article compares EVE-NG, a network emulation software, to other commonly used network simulation tools such as Cisco Packet Tracer and GNS3. EVE-NG’s features, benefits, and drawbacks are assessed in terms of system requirements, support platforms, web interface, console access, topology management, and advanced lab functionalities. EVE-NG is tested by the students in the real-world application, and feedback from a group of students is gathered regarding their satisfaction and suggestions for improvement. The results of this study show that EVE-NG provides a robust and versatile tool for simulating complex network scenarios, despite compatibility, reliability, and performance issues. It is concluded that EVE-NG has the potential to improve student learning outcomes in computer networks; however, ongoing development and refinement are necessary to meet user expectations and needs.
Syrian Bedouin Lifestyle and Identity Concept in the Conditions of the Social and Cultural Changes of the 21st Century
Authors: Al-Absi Marwan , Hassan Sameer 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Since the beginning of the last century, there has been an increase in the number of Bedouins who prefer a settled way of life. As a result, their daily life is gradually changing, and clan and tribal ties are slowly being broken. Settled Bedouins born into a nomadic family strive to continue to apply the principles of Bedouin ethics and viable old traditions in the new environment, as they are deeply rooted in them from an early age. However, some traditions of their ancestors are gradually changing and being modified due to new socio-cultural and economic conditions. On the other hand, there are traditions that continue to survive, although Bedouins now must cope with rapid technological progress. Bedouin families tend to settle and adapt their lifestyles to the conditions of the 21st century. Bedouins are proud of their origins and even in the conditions of a settled way of life they try to keep their traditions. This study analyzes the way of life and the identity of Arab nomads in the process of social and cultural changes. It focuses on Bedouin communities living in the Syrian Desert. In the last decade, however, it has been the wars in the Middle East that have pushed the Bedouins out of their natural environment, restricting the application of their cultural traditions in everyday life. This study builds on previous findings of repeated field research stays in the Syrian Desert where the first author lived among Bedouin families with whom he currently maintains virtual contact as the war situation interrupted further planned research stays.
I repeat therefore I am: The parasyntactic perspective
Authors: Benešová Martina , Faltýnek Dan , Kormaníková Libuše , Kučera Ondřej 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The text presents a theoretical platform and a case study of a new method for authorship attribution based on an author’s specific low-frequency lexicon. It will be shown that an author’s text is largely context-independent and is constructed by the author’s habit based on the regular repetition of certain topics or modes of expression. The author’s idiosyncratic way of choosing between synonymous linguistic devices in the text happens at a distance of several word forms or sentence units. This means that texts themselves are constructed using a much wider range of repetitions than expected and that the structure of the text above the level of intersentential linking is determined by a specific group of words (functional but above all content words) obligatorily used by the author in the formulation of the text. The newly introduced method can be used to attribute authorship by relying on the specific linguistic imprint of the author in the text (in this context, we talk about parasyntactic linguistic level). The method is compared with a function-word-based method.
Authenticity of political rhetoric of people
Authors: Bohunická Alena 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In our paper, we address the question of the authenticity of political rhetoric which uses the inclusive term “the people”. We build on the knowledge of classical rhetoric on the importance of sincerity, one of the fundamental pillars of a speaker’s ethos (character) and at the same time a prerequisite for his credibility. We introduce the term “rhetoric of people” to designate that part of deliberative rhetoric that addresses the people in a significant way, and bears their sealing in content, stylistic and argumentative plan. We especially single out populist rhetoric only as a special case of the rhetoric of people, in which there is a pragmatic use of authenticity as a tool to achieve specific social goals linked to the political capital of the speaker, primarily to image creation (we put it in opposition to charisma). Since style is a significant bearer of speech authenticity, our aim is to identify the stylistic values and stylistic strategies applied in the interest of authenticity and to elucidate them as instances of sincerity or, conversely, pretense. In doing so, we draw on the pragmatic grasp of linguistic style developed in the work of Professor Juraj Dolník (2010; 2023), who explains style through its anthropic character and social meaning.
„We“ and „they“ in the linguistic construction of the image of language (or the reflection of lay people in Slovak linguistics)
Authors: Múcsková Gabriela 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The article maps the linguistic views on the common language users as non-experts in the field of linguistics and their ability to think reflectively and rationally about issues related to language. An overview of attitudes towards non-linguists is presented against the background of the development of linguistics, ranging from a structural understanding of language with an emphasis on standard language cultivation and linguistic prescription, through a sociolinguistic approach that emphasizes the role of the language user as a creator of the linguistic norm and its variation, to the view of folk linguistics and citizen linguistics, which examine how ordinary people in various forms of public communication present their opinions, beliefs, as well as their myths and ideologies about language. At the same time, the paper argues for the view that some folk knowledge and beliefs about language are not only incorrect or inaccurate, but, on the contrary, that they provide valuable information for linguistics about the background of language behaviour and language change. The material was drawn from the databases of Slovak linguistic journals and the specialized corpus of the journal Slovenská reč.