bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular determination of paternity in a natural population of the multiply mating polygynous lizard Eulamprus heatwolei
Authors: Morrison S. F. , Scott Keogh J. , Scott I. A. W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe studied the mating system of the southern water skink, Eulamprus heatwolei, during spring and summer (encompassing the breeding season) in a population in southeastern Australia. We examined potential attributes that might influence the mating system and male reproductive success including home range size, physical proximity of adults and body size, and then genotyped all mothers, offspring and potential sires. Home range overlap of both sexes was extensive, with adult females sharing the greatest amount of space with each other and adult males the least amount of space with each other. However, not all adults hold home ranges. We classified approximately one quarter of adult males as home range holders and the rest as ‘floaters’. Adult females occupy home ranges more than males, with approximately three‐quarters classified as home range holders. Home range ownership is not correlated with body size for either sex, however, male body size is positively correlated with the number of adult female home ranges that his home range overlaps and adult male home ranges are larger than those of females. We used microsatellite genotyping to assign paternities to 55 offspring from 17 litters and then compared this data with our home range and behavioural observations. This species displays extreme levels of multiple paternity given the small mean clutch size of three. Multiple paternity was confirmed in 11 (64.7%) of 17 clutches but three other clutches (for a total of 82.4%) also may display multiple paternity. A total of 30 offspring from 12 litters were assigned to 10 of the 32 genotyped adult males from our study site. Of these 10 adult males, half were home range holders. Five complete clutches and a total of 25 out of the 55 offspring could not be positively assigned to any male surveyed as part of the study and were attributed to floater males or resident males adjacent to our study site that had not been genotyped. While sample sizes are small, neither male home range ownership nor body size is significantly correlated with the number of paternities a male obtained. Our study suggests a polygynous mating system for this species.
The globalisation of the nursing workforce: barriers confronting overseas qualified nurses in Australia
Authors: Hawthorne Lesleyanne 
Published: March 2003

The globalisation of the nursing workforce: barriers confronting overseas qualified nurses in AustraliaRecent decades have coincided with the rapid globalisation of the nursing profession. Within Australia there has been rising dependence on overseas qualified nurses (OQNs) to compensate for chronic nurse shortages related to the continued exodus of Australian nurses overseas and to emerging opportunities in other professions. Between 1983/4 and 1994/5, 30 544 OQNs entered Australia on either a permanent or temporary basis, counter‐balancing the departure overseas of 23 613 locally trained and 6519 migrant nurses (producing a net gain of just 412 nurses in all). The period 1995/6–1999/2000 saw an additional 11 757 permanent or long‐term OQN arrivals, with nursing currently ranked third target profession in Australia’s skill migration program, in the context of continuing attrition among local nurses. This pattern of reliance on OQNs is a phenomenon simultaneously occurring in the UK, the US, Canada and the Middle East — the globalisation of nursing reflecting not merely Western demand but the growing agency and participation of women in skilled migration, their desire for improved quality of life, enhanced professional opportunity and remuneration, family reunion and adventure.
Tissue reactions after long‐term intracerebral implantation of three different types of biodegradable polylactide rods in the rat
Authors: Voges Jürgen , Lehrke Ralph , Kim Don Gyu , Lucas Carsten , Schröder Rudolph , Sturm Volker , Stricker Herbert 
Published: March 2003

Purpose: To investigate acute and late tissue reactions following intracerebral implantation of three different biodegradable dl‐polylactids: Resomer® R104+R203 (1+1) (SU48), Resomer® R203 (SU49), and dl‐polylactid‐co‐trimethylencarbonat (SU50).Methods: Polylactide (PL) rods and small pieces of silicon (control) were stereotactically implanted in the forebrain of 60 Wistar rats. Twenty‐eight, 70, and 112 days after implantation, five animals of each group (SU48, SU49, SU50, control) were sacrificed. Tissue slices of the paraffin‐embedded brains were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) for histological evaluation.Results: Independent from the investigated sample, the site of implantation was visible on the brain sections as a clearly demarcated tissue defect surrounded by minimal inflammatory cellular reactions. Although not significant, implantation of SU50 caused the most distinct invasion of foamy macrophages. Despite SU48, which 112 days after implantation was surrounded by a thin layer of predominantly gliotic fibers, demarcation of surrounding brain tissue was of minor degree.Discussion: The PL rods investigated in this study caused no significant early and late tissue alterations. Both the good biocompatibility of these samples and a high flexibility with regard to degradation time and release kinetics allow either long protracted drug release or short‐term application of substances.
A novel regulatory element involved in rapid activation of parsley ELI7 gene family members by fungal elicitor or pathogen infection
Authors: Kirsch Christoph , Takamiya‐Wik Monica , Schmelzer Elmon , Hahlbrock Klaus , Somssich Imre E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn parsley (Petroselinum crispum), members of the ELI7 gene family were rapidly transcriptionally activated following treatment with an elicitor derived from the phytopathogen Phytophthora sojae. Several cDNA and genomic ELI7 clones were isolated. The deduced amino acid sequences revealed close similarity to fatty acid desaturases/hydroxylases, however, the precise functions are still unknown. Analysis of the promoters of two strongly elicitor‐induced family members, ELI7.1 and ELI7.2, allowed us to functionally pinpoint a novel, independently acting regulatory region (S box), the only major sequence similarity between the two gene promoters. In situ RNA/RNA hybridization using an ELI7.1 gene‐specific probe demonstrated that expression of this gene is rapidly and locally induced around infection sites in planta as well.
The application of real‐time PCR to the identification, detection and quantification of Pyrenophora species in barley seed
Authors: Bates J. A. , Taylor E. J. A. , Kenyon D. M. , Thomas J. E. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA real‐time quantitative PCR technique has been used to develop a rapid and sensitive seed health test for Pyrenophora spp. on barley seed. Using the fluorescent reporter dye SYBR Green I for real‐time detection of PCR amplification, pathogen DNA extracted from infected seed can be quantified to the picogram level. The amount of Pyrenophora DNA extracted from seed samples of an artificial infection level gradient, constructed by mixing infected and uninfected seed, correlated with good agreement (r = 0.931) to percentage infection levels of the same samples measured by agar plate testing. In addition, a correlation of r = 0.883 was obtained between the two testing methods for naturally infected seed, ranging from 0% to 89% infection. Samples could be quantified to below the 2% voluntary threshold required for deciding on seed treatment. The proposed test was performed in three parts: (i) quantification of Pyrenophora spp. infection using Pyrenophora‐specific PCR primers; (ii) test of any negative samples from (i) with barley‐specific PCR primers to check the DNA extraction process; (iii) test of positive samples from (i) for the presence of Pyrenophora graminea using P. graminea‐specific PCR primers. All PCRs were performed in the LightCycler™ instrument allowing each PCR run and analysis to be completed within 30 min. With the current daily receipt of samples (batches up to 16) the test can be completed in 8 h, compared to 7 days for the traditional agar plate test.
Identification of defence‐related cell wall proteins in Phytophthora sojae‐infected soybean roots by ESI‐MS/MS
Authors: Mithöfer Axel , Müller Bernd , Wanner Gerhard , Eichacker Lutz A. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryRoot cell wall proteins involved in the incompatible interaction between soybean (Glycine max L.) and the phytopathogenic oomycete Phytophthora sojae were investigated by a proteomic approach using ESI‐MS/MS analysis. Success of infection and subsequently induced defence reactions was proven by staining the cell wall localized defence‐related 1,3‐β‐glucan, callose, in semi‐thin sections of the roots. Cell wall proteins of roots were extracted three weeks post‐infection, separated by SDS‐PAGE and eight selected protein bands were digested with trypsin. The resulting peptides were subjected to mass spectrometry‐based sequencing. For four proteins, amino acid sequence information was obtained and used to identify the corresponding proteins by a homology search in databases. All four proteins (cationic peroxidase, peroxidase precursor, amine oxidase and lipoxygenase) were defence‐related and their involvement in the oxidative burst is discussed. Three of these proteins have not been described for soybean before.
Soft rot erwiniae: from genes to genomes
Authors: Toth Ian K. , Bell Kenneth S. , Holeva Maria C. , Birch Paul R. J. 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYThe soft rot erwiniae, Erwinia carotovora ssp. atroseptica (Eca), E. carotovora ssp. carotovora (Ecc) and E. chrysanthemi (Ech) are major bacterial pathogens of potato and other crops world‐wide. We currently understand much about how these bacteria attack plants and protect themselves against plant defences. However, the processes underlying the establishment of infection, differences in host range and their ability to survive when not causing disease, largely remain a mystery. This review will focus on our current knowledge of pathogenesis in these organisms and discuss how modern genomic approaches, including complete genome sequencing of Eca and Ech, may open the door to a new understanding of the potential subtlety and complexity of soft rot erwiniae and their interactions with plants. Taxonomy:  The soft rot erwiniae are members of the Enterobacteriaceae, along with other plant pathogens such as Erwinia amylovora and human pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Yersinia spp. Although the genus name Erwinia is most often used to describe the group, an alternative genus name Pectobacterium was recently proposed for the soft rot species. Host range:  Ech
mainly affects crops and other plants in tropical and subtropical regions and has a wide host range that includes potato and the important model host African violet (
Saintpaulia ionantha
).
Ecc
affects crops and other plants in subtropical and temperate regions and has probably the widest host range, which also includes potato.
Eca , on the other hand, has a host range limited almost exclusively to potato in temperate regions only. Disease symptoms:  Soft rot erwiniae cause general tissue maceration, termed soft rot disease, through the production of plant cell wall degrading enzymes. Environmental factors such as temperature, low oxygen concentration and free water play an essential role in disease development. On potato, and possibly other plants, disease symptoms may differ, e.g. blackleg disease is associated more with Eca and Ech than with Ecc. Useful websites:  http://www.scri.sari.ac.uk/TiPP/Erwinia.htm, http://www.ahabs.wisc.edu:16080/pernalab/erwinia/index.htm, http://www.tigr.org/tdb/mdb/mdbinprogress.html, http://www.sanger.ac.uk/Projects/E_carotovora/.
From vision to reality—Managing change in the provision of library and information services to nurses, midwives, health visitors and PAMs: a case study of the North Thames experience with the Inner London Consortium
Authors: GODBOLT SHANE , WILLIAMSONt JANE , WILSON ANDRE A 
Published: March 2003

One ofthe North Thames' pioneering consortia, the Inner London Consortium (ILC) is a complex body which includes NHS Trusts with teaching hospital university connections, community‐based Trusts and general hospital acute Trusts. Within the consortium there are 12 000 trained nurses, midwives, health visitors and other professional staff working in the professions allied to medicine (PAMs), all of whom require access to and provision of appropriate library information services.In 1994, taking into account experiences elsewhere in the Region and nationally, it became clear that library issues were complex and would become acute with the move of nursing librariesfrom ILC Trust sites over a very short timescale. A report on the issues commissioned by the Consortium recommended that a library project, which built on existing NHS Trust PGMDE funded library resources and moved these to a multidisciplinary base to serve the consortium membership, be implemented.The objective of providing access to library information services for nurses and PAMs was achieved. Successes that emerged from the implementation included:  • The registration in Trust libraries of almost 12 000 new members within the initial 6‐month monitoring period.  • The development ofservice level agreements and standards for the delivery ofsewices to these new user groups.  This paper describes the processes behind these significant and complex changes.
The Nursing Interest Subgroup: beginning the organization of nursing librarians
Authors: Wakeham Maurice 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe Nursing Interest Subgroup (NISG) was established in 1980 to act as a focus for librarians providing services to nurses and to encourage understanding between the two professions. The NISG held social events, study days and produced regular newsletters for members. Relationships were developed with NHS Regional Librarians, where they existed, and links made with overseas colleagues. As a subgroup of the Medical, Health and Welfare Libraries Group of the Library Association, the NISG was called to comment upon developments in nurse training and education. Particular concerns were the generally inadequate level of resourcing for library provision, especially for qualified nurses, and the salary scales of nursing librarians. The NISG facilitated the sharing of experience, provided opportunities for professional and educational development and served to raise the profile of nurses’ libraries. In 1986 the group was renamed and lives on today as ‘Libraries for Nursing’.
Dissecting leiomyoma of the uterus with extrauterine extension
Authors: Fukunaga  , Ushigome  
Published: March 2003

Aims:Familiarity with benign uterine smooth muscle tumours with unusual growth patterns by gynaecologists and pathologists is essential in avoiding misdiagnosis and overtreatment.Case details:An enlarged uterus in a 35‐year‐old woman contained numerous, ill‐defined nodules with marked hydropic changes which showed an extrauterine extension. Histologically, although some nodules had an appearance of conventional leiomyoma, the predominant part of the lesion was characterized by ill‐defined spindle cell nodules with marked hydropic changes and irregular dissection of the myometrium. The cellularity was variable from area to area and there were neither nuclear atypia nor mitotic figures. No coagulative tumour necrosis was observed. The extrauterine components, which were in continuity with the intrauterine nodule, were histologically identical to the intrauterine nodules except for the complication of endometriosis. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells were positive for vimentin, desmin, alpha‐smooth muscle actin and muscle actin (HHF35). The tumour was DNA diploid by flow cytometry. The patient was well and without disease 6 months after hysterectomy.Conclusions:This tumour illustrates that rare benign smooth muscle tumours can proliferate in dissecting and extrauterine growth patterns, findings that should not be confused with malignant mesenchymal tumours.
Clinicopathological study of seven cases of spinal cord teratoma: a possible germ cell origin
Authors: AL‐Sarraj  , Parmar  , Dean  , Phookun  , Bridges  
Published: March 2003

Aims:To establish the clinical and pathological aspects of teratoma affecting the spinal cord.Method and results:We reviewed our neurosurgical records for the last 15 years and found seven cases of teratoma of the spinal cord. The cases were reviewed clinically, radiologically and pathologically using immunohistochemical markers to identify various tissue components. We found that spinal cord teratoma is an extremely rare tumour of spinal cord affecting patients aged 23–47 years and of approximately equal male to female distribution. The terminal portions of spinal cord and intradural location of the tumour are common. Three cases were associated with vertebral anomaly. Most tumours showed benign (mature) components derived from more than one germ cell layer; one showed malignant adenocarcinomatous component. All cases were treated by surgical resection and two recurred at 6 and 10 year intervals without malignant transformation.Conclusion:Spinal cord teratoma is a rare, mainly benign tumour, which could be associated with vertebral anomaly. The pathogenesis of this tumour is controversial, possibly due to germinal cell aberration.
Solid alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the thorax in a child
Authors: Sartelet  , Lantuejoul  , Armari‐Alla  , Pin  , Delattre  , Brambilla  
Published: March 2003

Aims:This case illustrates the difficulties and pitfalls of diagnosis of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in its solid variant and in an unusual primary location, the mediastinum.Case details:A 9‐year‐old boy presented with a primary thoracic tumour associated with metastasis in the left sacroiliac joint. Bronchial and mediastinal biopsies showed a malignant neoplasm with a solid sheet‐like pattern of small round cells with a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio associated with little or no fibrosis usually evocative of a peripheral neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) at this age. Immunohistochemical positive staining with vimentin (80% of tumour cells), desmin (20%) and titin (30%) antibodies was suggestive of a rhabdomyosarcoma. In addition, all neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) markers tested were positive as well as MIC2, a marker for the Ewing family of sarcomas. There was no rhabdomyoid differentiation at ultrastructural examination. Molecular analysis with RT‐PCR amplification of RNA isolated from the tumour demonstrated the presence of a PAX3/FKHR fusion transcript, product of a t(2;13) reciprocal translocation, a genetic marker specific for alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.Conclusion:The diagnostic methodology of a small round cell tumour of the child must now include immunohistochemical study and molecular biology to confirm the diagnosis of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, in a solid and undifferentiated variant.
Cellular ‘neurothekeoma’: an epithelioid variant of dermatofibroma?
Authors: Zelger  , Steiner  , Kutzner  , Maier  , Zelger  
Published: March 2003

AimsCellular neurothekeoma is a rare benign cutaneous neoplasm with conflicting opinions regarding its histogenetic origin (nerve sheath, smooth muscle, myofibroblasts) as well as its relation to myxoid neurothekeoma (nerve sheath myxoma). The present series describes 15 cases whose clinicopathological features indicate a relationship to dermatofibroma.Methods and resultsIn this retrospective clinicopathological study, the lesions preferentially occurred in adolescents to young adults on the upper half of the body, often clinically diagnosed as some kind of fibrohistiocytic tissue response. Besides characteristic whorled nests to fascicles of palely eosinophilic epithelioid cells, all lesions showed variable clues pointing to dermatofibroma: acanthosis, ill‐defined storiform periphery, peripherally accentuated prominent sclerosis and lymphocytic demarcation/infiltration. Immunohistochemically, all cases were positive with NK1C3 (CD57), KiM1p and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, seven were positive for neurone specific enolase, five for factor XIIIa, six for smooth muscle specific actin and three for E9, an antimetallothionein marker. These findings are similar to those of conventional dermatofibromas, the variability of the profile being best explained by time cycle and function dependent changes. Ultrastructurally, two cases showed microfilaments, attachment plaques, prominent pinocytosis and focal remnants of basal lamina. A careful study of the data and photomicrographs from the literature reveals that in many cases similar conclusions could be reached. Obvious discrepancies are most likely due to the confusion with myxoid neurothekeoma, a well circumscribed, more spindly and myxoid, S100 positive lesion of Schwannian origin.ConclusionThe appearance of dermatofibromas is markedly influenced by architectural, e.g. in deep penetrating dermatofibroma, and/or cellular/stromal criteria, e.g. in epithelioid cell histiocytoma or sclerosing dermatofibroma. Cellular neurothekeoma seems to be a variant of dermatofibromas with both architectural and cellular/stromal peculiarities, i.e. plexiform pattern, epithelioid cytology and stromal sclerosis.
Peliosis of the spleen: an immune‐complex disease?
Authors: Gugger M , Gebbers J‐O 
Published: March 2003

AimsTo determine the pathogenesis of splenic peliosis by further morphological and immunohistochemical examination.Methods and resultsHistological, electron microscopic and immunohistochemical examination revealed evidence for an inflammatory genesis of splenic peliosis with destruction of reticular fibres and local deposits of IgG and activated complement C3.ConclusionOur findings indicate that the peliotic lesion in the spleen may be mediated by immune‐complex deposits.