bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Eternal Life”, “Eternal Punishment”: What Did Jesus Really Mean?
Authors: Wierzbicka Anna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In his 2007 encyclical Spe Salvi: On Christian Hope Pope Benedict xvi cautioned: “The term ‘eternal life’ … is an inadequate term that causes confusion” (12). He also warned that ‘eternal’ should not be interpreted as ‘everlasting’. This caution applies equally to the term ‘eternal punishment’. Both phrases originate primarily in one sentence of Jesus’ parable of the “last judgment” (Matthew 25:46), where the Son of Man divides those gathered before him into two groups, those on the left and those on the right (“like a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats”), and explains that whatever they did to other people they did to him: to those on the right, he says, “for I was hungry and you gave me food” and to those on the left, “for I was hungry and you gave me no food”. The parable concludes: “And they [those on the left] will go into eternal punishment [in Greek, kolasis aionios], but the righteous into eternal life [zoe aionios]”.
What exactly do those Greek phrases, “kolasis aionios” and “zoe aionios”, really mean? This article argues that this question, much debated over the centuries and crucial to Christianity, cannot be properly answered without some input from linguistic semantics and without a coherent semantic methodology. The author, a linguist who has written many books on semantics, three of them (2001, 2019, and to appear) on biblical semantics, offers a fresh answer to that vital question, based on her expertise and experience in cross-linguistic semantics and its applications to the New Testament.
Nawiązania do Biblii w modlitwie powszechnej. Rekonesans badawczy
Authors: Pałucka-Czerniak Iwona 
Published: January 2025

References to the Bible in the Universal Prayer: A Research Reconnaissance
The article presents the results of preliminary research devoted to the transformation of the lexicon of the universal prayer, also known as the prayer of the faithful. The focus is on the use of specific phrasemes from the Bible which appear in five collections of such prayers. Referring to the content of the Bible in the universal prayer serves many functions. It allows maintaining content coherence in the entire liturgy of the Mass, ensures a smooth transition from the Liturgy of the Word to the Liturgy of the Eucharist, and diversifies the style – it serves an aesthetic function. In the texts of the examined genre, there are direct references to the content of the readings and the Gospel for a given day. It is also possible to observe general lexical and conceptual references to the Bible, which are most strongly present in the introduction and conclusion of the prayer. The analysis of selected phrasemes from the Bible shows continuity and change in the lexical resource. The saturation of individual collections with these elements varies, which allows tracking the transformations of style and changes in phraseological connectivity.

Nawiązania do Biblii w modlitwie powszechnej. Rekonesans badawczy
Artykuł przedstawia rekonesans badawczy poświęcony przekształceniom leksyki modlitwy powszechnej. Uwaga koncentruje się na wykorzystywaniu określonych frazemów pochodzących z Biblii, używanych w pięciu zbiorach modlitw powszechnych. Nawiązywanie do treści Biblii w modlitwie powszechnej pełni wiele funkcji. Pozwala utrzymać spójność treściową w całości liturgii mszy św., zapewnia płynne przejście z liturgii słowa do liturgii Eucharystii, urozmaica styl – pełni funkcję estetyczną. W tekstach badanego gatunku pojawiają się bezpośrednie nawiązania do treści czytań i Ewangelii z danego dnia. Poza tym zaobserwować można ogólne leksykalne i pojęciowe nawiązania do Biblii, które najsilniej uobecniają się we wstępie i zakończeniu modlitwy. Badanie wybranych frazemów pochodzących z Biblii ukazuje ciągłość i zmianę w zasobie leksykalnym. Nasycenie nimi poszczególnych zbiorów jest różne, co pozwala śledzić przekształcenia stylu i zmiany łączliwości frazeologicznej.
A United Kingdom-wide audit of the laboratory investigation of primary aldosteronism
Authors: Davies Sarah L , Cuthbertson Daniel J , Ward Louise J , Wassif Wassif S , Gurnell Mark , Davison Andrew S 
Published: January 2025

Objectives Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common but under-recognised cause of secondary hypertension. Early diagnosis with targeted medical and/or surgical intervention is important to prevent irreversible end-organ damage. An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline was used to define audit standards against which to assess current United Kingdom (UK) laboratory practice. Methods A survey comprising 22 questions, which captured information on screening, confirmatory testing and adrenal vein sampling (AVS), was distributed to all UK Clinical Biochemistry laboratories by the Association for Laboratory Medicine. Consultation with clinical colleagues was encouraged. Results 50 of 147 laboratories (34.0%) responded, 17 of which provided an analytical service for plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and renin, measured as plasma renin activity (PRA) or direct renin concentration (DRC). PRA/DRC, PAC and aldosterone:renin ratios were used to screen for PA. Saline infusion testing was the most common confirmatory test. AVS was used to aid lateralisation. Chemiluminescence immunoassay and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry were the preferred analytical methods for PAC and PRA/DRC. However, there was considerable variation across centres in respect of reference intervals and cutoffs, which were not fully accounted for by differences in analytical platforms. Although diagnostic algorithms, with pre- and post-analytical support, were in evidence in some centres, these were not universal or always embedded in a multidisciplinary team setting. Conclusions We observed significant heterogeneity in the laboratory investigation of PA across the United Kingdom. Therefore, this work serves as a stimulus for greater collaboration to permit national harmonisation/standardisation of analytical and clinical aspects of UK PA practice.
Unsustainable Complexity: insights from ecology and anthropology on the dynamics of complexity in church systems
Authors: Birch Reverend Thomas 
Published: January 2025

Cycles of growth and decay are observable in both human and natural systems. In these cycles increasing followed by decreasing levels of system complexity are also observed. These dynamics have been studied by both ecologists and anthropologists. Of particular interest for this paper is the work of ecologist C. S. Holling and the anthropologist Joseph A. Tainter. This paper explores whether insights of natural and human systems from these disciplines may be useful when considering how complexity increases, is sustained, and decreases in church life. If insights from these disciplines are applicable to church life, it suggests that a strategy of conscious simplification of church structures, and the devolution of power and authority downwards to more autonomous units of church, would be a preferable strategy at all levels of church life at this point in the church’s history where resources available to the church are insufficient to maintain inherited and now maladapted systems of organisation. Such a strategy contrasts with the strategy currently most dominantly espoused by National Church Institutions of the Church of England of seeking growth through increasingly centralised management and control of resources.
The effect of high SiC ratio on the physical, mechanical, tribological and corrosion behavior of Al2024 alloy matrix composites fabricated by powder metallurgy
Authors: Beder Murat , Varol Temel , Akçay Serhatcan Berk , Çuvalcı Hamdullah , Erdemir Fatih , Khan M Adam , Yıldız Uğur Temel 
Published: January 2025

Reinforcing materials used in the production of metal matrix composites are used to improve the properties of the final composite. However, the compatibility between matrix and reinforcement and the reinforcement ratio directly affects the properties of the composite material. For this reason, low reinforcement ratios are preferred in many studies on ceramic particle reinforced composites. Unlike conventional studies, in this study, the effects of 10 wt%, 20 wt% and 40 wt% SiC content on the microstructure, dry wear properties and corrosion properties of Al2024 matrix composites were investigated. θ phase content became higher as the SiC content was increased. Hardness values increased with increasing SiC reinforcement. The highest value (307.68 HB) was obtained for the composite with 40 wt% SiC reinforcement, an increase of more than 100%. A decrease in volume loss with increasing SiC reinforcement was observed in the friction and wear tests. For 5 N of load and 1200 m of sliding distance, it was found that an addition of 40 wt% of SiC particles in Al2024 matrix results decrease in volume loss by almost 722%.
Dropout and Retention Among School Children in the Context of the Mid-Day Meal Programme in India
Authors: Gharge Shivani , Unisa Sayeed 
Published: January 2025

This study examines the effect of the world’s largest school-feeding programme, the Mid-Day Meal (MDM) programme, on dropout and retention among schoolchildren in India. Data from the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) Rounds 1 (2004–05) and 2 (2011–12) were used. The sample included individual-level information on schoolchildren aged 5–10 years in IHDS-1 who turned 12–17 years in IHDS-2. Bivariate and logistic regression analysis was used to examine school dropout and retention rates by MDM consumption patterns and factors associated with them among schoolchildren. The findings suggest that schoolchildren having MDM support in their younger years had a lower dropout rate. Participants who received early and persistent MDM support were more likely to be retained in school. Participants residing in urban areas or living farther from school were more likely to drop out, while those receiving scholarships were associated with higher retention in school. JEL Codes: H52, I21, I22, I28, Q18
Critical Incident Stress in Healthcare Education: An Integrative Review
Authors: Kunkle Rachel , Poppert Cordts Katrina M. , Walters Lisa , Hanish Alyson E. 
Published: January 2025

Background: Healthcare professionals’ repeated exposure to critical incidents can cause various physical and psychological symptoms with potentially severe personal and professional consequences. Healthcare students’ exposure to critical incidents begins during their clinical education. Despite known consequences, healthcare education has yet to implement a standardized approach for preparing students for critical incidents. Critical incident stress management, one identified program, has been utilized in healthcare organizations. However, formal critical incident stress management programs may not be appropriate for healthcare education with requirements to educate students on the clinical knowledge, skills, and judgment needed during critical incidents. Purpose: The purpose of this review was to determine the state of the science related to critical incident stress in the context of healthcare education. Methods: A literature search was conducted, and peer-reviewed articles were included. Results: Four articles were identified for inclusion, signaling a need for more research on critical incident stress in healthcare education. Conclusions: The available literature suggests that students are impacted by critical incident stress. The studies in this review did not incorporate critical incident stress or components of critical incident stress management programs into their overall curricula or educational programs. The studies did demonstrate that students may be positively or negatively influenced by critical incident stress. Critical incident stress programs are not widely incorporated into healthcare education; however, it has been demonstrated that a standardized approach to preparing and supporting students is needed. Future studies need to determine if critical incident stress should be integrated into healthcare education and the outcomes.
Perioperative infarction during coronary bypass surgery: an attempt to refine the diagnostic criteria using data from a retrospective case–control study
Authors: Niclauss Lars , Roulet Liam-Kani , Tozzi Piergiorgio , Dulguerov Filip , Gunga Ziyad , Nowacka Anna , Kirsch Matthias 
Published: January 2025

Objective The definition of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)-associated myocardial infarction (MI) is controversial because the postoperative increases in cardiac enzyme activities are multifactorial in origin. Methods We performed a retrospective case–control study of patients who experienced perioperative MI (cardiac enzyme release, electrocardiographic changes, dysfunction on echocardiography) and those without ischemia to identify risk factors and enzyme activity thresholds. Results The estimated incidence of CABG-associated MI was 2.8%. The risk factors were a family history of cardiovascular disease (odds ratio (OR) 2.8), tobacco abuse (OR 3.8), recent MI (OR 3.6), and triple-vessel disease (OR 2.8). The MI group showed higher mortality (OR 2.3), prolonged intubation (OR 3.1), and a prolonged stay in intensive care (OR 4.3). The type 5 MI threshold (10 times the upper limit of the reference range (URL)) was exceeded in 88.4% (troponin I) and 96% (high-sensitivity troponin T; hs-cTnT) of patients without ischemia. Conclusions The frequent exceeding of conventional MI-indicating thresholds in patients without ischemia indicates their low specificity. An enzyme activity increase alone is of limited diagnostic value for perioperative MI, which is associated with greater mortality. Finally, the use of a higher threshold for hs-cTnT (>45 × URL) may increase its specificity for graft failure.
A Cross-Sectional Study on the Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitudes Toward Precision Orthodontics Among Orthodontists in India
Authors: Mishra Gyanda , Verma Shubhnita , G Pradeep Raj , Sowmya Jangam , Chitra Prasad 
Published: January 2025

Background Precision Orthodontics (PO) is a revolutionary concept that incorporates genetics into orthodontic practice. While many medical fields have adopted new genomic technologies, dentistry, particularly orthodontics, has been slower to adapt. PO involves the utilization of customized equipment and precise force delivery, coupled with the integration of genetic and proteomic data, to enhance the individualization of orthodontic therapies. With the emergence of precision medicine in healthcare, understanding the adoption and perception of PO is crucial in shaping the future of orthodontic practice. Objective This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the current state of knowledge, awareness, and attitudes toward PO among orthodontists in India. Methods A questionnaire-based survey was developed which was distributed online to orthodontists across India. The survey comprised three sections focusing on knowledge, awareness, and attitudes related to PO. The survey received 391 responses, representing 41.2% of the orthodontists surveyed. Results While 72.3% of surveyed orthodontists demonstrated awareness of PO, only 32% correctly defined it, revealing a notable knowledge gap. Furthermore, 66% of the respondents admitted a lack of knowledge regarding genomic concepts. Despite these gaps, a remarkably positive attitude was observed among orthodontists, with 98% expressing openness to adopting precision approaches. Conclusion This study underscores the need for targeted education in genomics for orthodontists to bridge knowledge gaps. To facilitate the integration of PO into routine practice, specific education and training may be required. The positive attitudes and willingness to embrace PO indicate a promising trajectory for its adoption, potentially enhancing patient care and treatment outcomes.
“I Am Not Alone”: A Photovoice Exploration of Diabetes Self-Management for Older Persons in Rural Ontario, Canada
Authors: Duhn Lenora , Robertson Madison , Costa Idevania , Alvarado Beatriz , Paré Geneviève C. , Camargo-Plazas Pilar 
Published: January 2025

Objective To explore diabetes self-management for older adults in rural Ontario. Methods Fourteen adults, 65 and older, with diabetes, participated in this study using a participatory, art-based approach involving photovoice and semi-structured interviews. Data underwent hermeneutic phenomenology analysis. Findings Four themes emerged, elucidating the lived experiences of participants managing diabetes in a rural context. Discussion This study underscores the challenges and strategies of diabetes self-management in rural older adults. A holistic approach, encompassing physical, emotional, and mental well-being, is pivotal, augmented by proactive lifestyle choices. Effective coordination in medication management and enhanced communication among health care providers emerged as essential. The unique role of pets illuminates their profound impact on participants’ activity levels and emotional fortitude, suggesting they can be vital assets in diabetes care. Collectively, these findings guide health professionals and policymakers in crafting nuanced, context-sensitive interventions to optimize diabetes management for older adults in rural contexts.
Development of a Nomogram and Risk Grouping System for Predicting 1-Year Overall Survival of Patients With Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors
Authors: Kang Xu , Zhou Yabing , Shen Fangjie , Feng Jiaqi , Wang Yunkun , Ma Jie , Qiang Qiang , Wang Xiaoqiang 
Published: January 2025

Purpose Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a kind of central nervous system malignant tumor in children. In this study, we aimed to develop a practically clinical nomogram and risk grouping system to predict 1-year overall survival for patients with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor. Methods The nomogram was constructed based on the pediatric tumor registry of Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. Fifty-four information-integrated patients with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor were included from the database. Cox regression analyses were used to select independent prognostic factors. Based on the fitted multivariate Cox regression model, a nomogram of 1-year overall survival for atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor patients was generated. Moreover, the nomogram was validated by assessing its discrimination and calibration. Results In these patients, age at diagnosis, the extent of tumor resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were included in the multivariate Cox regression model. Based on this multivariate Cox regression model, a nomogram of 1-year overall survival for atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor patients was generated. The nomogram had good discrimination (the concordance index was 0.781) and calibration curves showed no deviation from reference lines. Decision curve analysis demonstrated this nomogram was useful for clinical practice. The risk grouping system was built based on nomogram-derived risk scores, which could classify patients into 3 risk groups. Compared with the low-risk group, the risk of 1-year death was significantly higher in the intermediate-risk group (hazard ratio = 1.42, 95%, confidence intervals = 0.49-4.11) and high-risk group (hazard ratio = 9.78, 95% confidence intervals = 3.53-27.1). Conclusion A nomogram and risk grouping system were built to predict for the 1-year overall survival of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor patients. The nomogram could facilitate a personalized prognostic evaluation for atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor patients and help medical practitioners make better treatment.
Integrating conventional and novel oblique stretching techniques for optimal hamstring flexibility
Authors: Lim Wootaek 
Published: January 2025

Background Movements of the upper and lower back have been proven to affect the flexibility of the lower extremities, such as the hip, knee, and ankle. However, conventional hamstring stretching mainly focuses on elongating tissues located in the lower extremities. The study aimed to examine the effects of integrated stretching applied to the lower extremity and the posterior trunk on hamstring flexibility. Methods Before stretching, active straight leg raise (ASLR) and active knee extension (AKE) tests were performed to assess hip and knee flexibility, respectively. One stretching session integrated stretches applied to the lower extremity and the posterior trunk. The ASLR and AKE tests were repeated to measure the increase in flexibility after stretching. Results Lower extremity stretching significantly increased hip ( p < 0.001) and knee flexibility ( p < 0.001). Moreover, posterior trunk stretching combined with trunk flexion and rotation also increased hip ( p = 0.016) and knee flexibility ( p = 0.037). After posterior trunk stretching, knee flexibility assessed using AKE in the contralateral leg was higher than that in the ipsilateral leg ( p < 0.001). Conclusions If the clinical goal is to maximize hamstring flexibility, it would be beneficial to incorporate conventional stretching applied to the lower extremity and novel posterior trunk stretching applied to the upper and lower back. More importantly, the posterior trunk stretching affects the contralateral lower extremity asymmetrically.
Long-term colorectal cancer incidence in a post-endoscopic screening cohort, accounting for surveillance, by baseline polyp group, anatomic subsite, and sex
Authors: Robbins Emma C , Wooldrage Kate , Saunders Brian P , Cross Amanda J 
Published: January 2025

Objectives Colonoscopy surveillance is often performed in post-polypectomy cohorts, likely altering colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes, but this is often not addressed in CRC incidence analyses. We examined CRC incidence post-endoscopic screening, accounting for surveillance. Methods We examined UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening Trial participants who had no, low-risk, or high-risk (≥10 mm, ≥3 adenomas, adenomas with villous features/high-grade dysplasia) distal polyps at screening. Participants with high-risk polyps had an index colonoscopy and 81% had ≥1 surveillance colonoscopies post-screening; <1% of those with no/low-risk polyps had an index or surveillance colonoscopy. We examined CRC incidence over 21 years by anatomic subsite and sex. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) compared incidence to general population incidence. Results Of 39,417 participants, 29,792 (76%), 8162 (21%), and 1463 (4%) had no, low-risk, and high-risk polyps, respectively. In the high-risk group, all-site CRC incidence was non-significantly different from that in the general population, when including all participants, just those who attended surveillance, or just those who did not attend surveillance (SIRs: 0.81 [95% confidence interval: 0.60–1.07]; 0.75 [0.54–1.03]; 1.12 [0.56–2.01], respectively). Without surveillance, compared to the general population, distal cancer incidence was lower among women and men without polyps (SIRs: 0.30 [0.24–0.37]; 0.24 [0.20–0.29], respectively) and women and men with low-risk polyps (SIRs: 0.52 [0.34–0.76]; 0.27 [0.19–0.37], respectively); proximal cancer incidence was lower among men without polyps (SIR: 0.75 [0.64–0.88]), non-significantly different among women without polyps (SIR: 1.07 [0.93–1.22]) and men with low-risk polyps (SIR: 1.22 [0.98–1.51]), but higher among women with low-risk polyps (SIR: 2.22 [1.77–2.76]). Conclusions Women with low-risk distal polyps at flexible sigmoidoscopy screening had double the risk of proximal colon cancer, compared to the general population.