bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of hip dysplasia on the development of the femoral head growth plate
Authors: Ren Ningtao , Zhang Zhendong , Li Yong , Zheng Ping , Cheng Hui , Luo Dianzhong , Zhang Jianli , Zhang Hong 
Published: October 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to observe whether developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) affects the development of the femoral head growth plate and to analyze the risk factors.MethodsWe selected female patients aged between 11 and 20 years with unilateral DDH and unclosed femoral head growth plate (s). The selected patients underwent anteroposterior radiography of the hip joint to compare the degree of development of the femoral head growth plate on both sides and to identify risk factors that affect the development of the growth plate in the femoral head.ResultsWe included 48 female patients with unilateral DDH, with an average age of 14 years (range: 11.1–18.5 years) and an average BMI of 20.4 kg/m² (range: 15.5 kg/m²−27.9 kg/m²). Among them, 23 patients had earlier development of the femoral head growth plate on the affected side than on the healthy side, while the degree of development of the femoral head growth plate in 25 patients was the same as that on the contralateral side. When the Tönnis angle was greater than 29.5°C and/or the Reimers migration index was greater than 48.5%, there was a statistically significant difference in the acceleration of femoral head growth plate development.ConclusionAn abnormal relative position of the acetabulum–femoral head caused by DDH can accelerate closure of the femoral head growth plate in immature female patients. The risk factors are a Tönnis angle greater than 29.5°C and/or Reimers migration index greater than 48.5%.
The antidepressant effect of short- and long-term zinc exposition is partly mediated by P2X7 receptors in male mice
Authors: Iring-Varga Bernadett , Baranyi Mária , Gölöncsér Flóra , Tod Pál , Sperlágh Beáta 
Published: October 2023

Background: As a member of the purinergic receptor family, divalent cation-regulated ionotropic P2X7 (P2rx7) plays a role in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to investigate whether the effects of acute zinc administration and long-term zinc deprivation on depression-like behaviors in mice are mediated by P2X7 receptors.Methods: The antidepressant-like effect of elevated zinc level was studied using a single acute intraperitoneal injection in C57BL6/J wild-type and P2rx7 gene-deficient (P2rx7 −/−) young adult and elderly animals in the tail suspension test (TST) and the forced swim test (FST). In the long-term experiments, depression-like behavior caused by zinc deficiency was investigated with the continuous administration of zinc-reduced and control diets for 8 weeks, followed by the same behavioral tests. The actual change in zinc levels owing to the treatments was examined by assaying serum zinc levels. Changes in monoamine and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were measured from the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex brain areas by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively.Results: A single acute zinc treatment increased the serum zinc level evoked antidepressant-like effect in both genotypes and age groups, except TST in elderly P2rx7 −/− animals, where no significant effect was detected. Likewise, the pro-depressant effect of zinc deprivation was observed in young adult mice in the FST and TST, which was alleviated in the case of the TST in the absence of functional P2X7 receptors. Among elderly mice, no pro-depressant effect was observed in P2rx7 −/− mice in either tests. Treatment and genotype changes in monoamine and BDNF levels were also detected in the hippocampi.Conclusion: Changes in zinc intake were associated with age-related changes in behavior in the TST and FST. The antidepressant-like effect of zinc is partially mediated by the P2X7 receptor.
Soccer’s AI transformation: deep learning’s analysis of soccer’s pandemic research evolution
Authors: Lee Jea Woog , Song Sangmin , Kim YoungBin , Park Seung-Bo , Han Doug Hyun 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionThis paper aims to identify and compare changes in trends and research interests in soccer articles from before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe compared research interests and trends in soccer-related journal articles published before COVID-19 (2018–2020) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2021–2022) using Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) topic modeling.ResultsIn both periods, we categorized the social sciences into psychology, sociology, business, and technology, with some interdisciplinary research topics identified, and we identified changes during the COVID-19 pandemic period, including a new approach to home advantage. Furthermore, Sports science and sports medicine had a vast array of subject areas and topics, but some similar themes emerged in both periods and found changes before and during COVID-19. These changes can be broadly categorized into (a) Social Sciences and Technology; (b) Performance training approaches; (c) injury part of body. With training topics being more prominent than match performance during the pandemic; and changes within injuries, with the lower limbs becoming more prominent than the head during the pandemic.ConclusionNow that the pandemic has ended, soccer environments and routines have returned to pre-pandemic levels, but the environment that have changed during the pandemic provide an opportunity for researchers and practitioners in the field of soccer to detect post-pandemic changes and identify trends and future directions for research.
Effective altruism and the dark side of entrepreneurship
Authors: Olumekor Michael , Mohiuddin Muhammad , Su Zhan 
Published: October 2023

PurposeEffective Altruism (EA) has become one of the most prominent socio-philosophical movements of recent years. EA is also facing intense scrutiny due to the business practices of some of its most prominent adherents. On the other hand, the dark triad traits of Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy have been getting increasing attention in entrepreneurship research. There is growing evidence that these traits can motivate entrepreneurial intention. We therefore sought to investigate if there was a connection between the entrepreneurship discourse in EA and traits corresponding to dark triad behavior.Design/methodology/approachUsing a discursive analytic method, we investigated the discursive threads on entrepreneurship in EA over a 10-year period.FindingsWhile we believe EA brings a much-needed perspective to the overall debate on doing good, we found ample evidence that it might have promoted the sort of dark triad behavior which some evidence suggests can lead to financial success, but can equally lead to the type of morally bankrupt, unethical and even illegal practices of some entrepreneurs. We also discovered a somewhat temporal dimension in EA’s discourse on entrepreneurship, beginning with discourse encouraging some risk taking and entrepreneurship, before moving on to discourses on the benefits of having a smart and illicit character, and ending with a focus on aggressive risk taking.OriginalityThe findings contribute to the still nascent debate on dark personality traits in entrepreneurship, and enriches the theoretical advancement of the field. However, our research differs from prior studies which were almost exclusively focused on the firm. Instead, we examine this phenomenon within a highly influential belief system/philosophical movement.
Trait mindfulness and personality characteristics in a microdosing ADHD sample: a naturalistic prospective survey study
Authors: Haijen Eline C. H. M. , Hurks Petra P. M. , Kuypers Kim P. C. 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundMicrodosing (MD), repeatedly taking psychedelics in small, non-hallucinogenic amounts, has been practiced by individuals to relieve attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Generally, adults diagnosed with ADHD have lower levels of mindfulness and differ in personality structure from non-ADHD adults. How MD affects mindfulness and personality in adults with ADHD remains unexplored.AimThis study aimed to investigate the effects of 4 weeks of MD on mindfulness and personality traits in adults diagnosed with ADHD and those experiencing severe ADHD symptoms. It was expected that mindfulness and the personality traits conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and openness would increase and neuroticism would decrease after 4 weeks of MD compared to baseline. It was explored if using conventional ADHD medication alongside MD and/or having comorbidities influenced MD-induced effects.MethodsAn online prospective naturalistic design was used to measure participants before MD initiation and 2 and 4 weeks later. Validated self-report measures were used assessing mindfulness (15-item Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire) and personality traits (10-item version of the Big Five Inventory) at three time points.ResultsThe sample included n = 233, n = 66, and n = 44 participants at the three time points, respectively. Trait mindfulness, specifically description and non-judging of inner experience, was increased, and neuroticism was decreased after 4 weeks of MD compared to baseline. The remaining personality traits remained unchanged. Using conventional medication and/or having comorbid diagnoses did not change the MD-induced effects on mindfulness and personality traits after 4 weeks.ConclusionMD induced changes in otherwise stable traits. Future placebo-controlled studies are warranted to confirm whether these changes occur in a controlled setting.
Profile and mental health characterization of childhood overprotection/overcontrol experiences among Chinese university students: a nationwide survey
Authors: Zhang Jiamei , Wu Zhipeng , Tao Haojuan , Chen Min , Yu Miaoyu , Zhou Liang , Sun Meng , Lv Dongsheng , Cui Guangcheng , Yi Qizhong , Tang Hong , An Cuixia , Liu Zhening , Huang Xiaojun , Long Yicheng 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionThe childhood experiences of being overprotected and overcontrolled by family members have been suggested to be potentially traumatic. However, the possible associated factors of these experiences among young people are still not well studied. This study aimed to partly fill such gaps by a relatively large, nationwide survey of Chinese university students.MethodsA total of 5,823 university students across nine different provinces in China were included by the convenience sampling method in the data analyses. All participants completed the overprotection/overcontrol (OP/OC) subscale in a recently developed 33-item childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ- 33). Data were also collected on all participants’ socio-demographic profiles and characterization of mental health. Binary logistic regression was conducted to investigate the associated socio-demographic and psychological factors of OP/ OC.ResultsThe prevalence of childhood OP/OC was estimated as 15.63% (910/5,823) based on a cutoff OP/OC subscale score of  ≥ 13. Binary logistic regression suggested that being male, being a single child, having depression, having psychotic-like experiences, lower family functioning, and lower psychological resilience were independently associated with childhood OP/OC experiences (all corrected-p &lt; 0.05). The OP/OC was also positively associated with all the other trauma subtypes (abuses and neglects) in the CTQ-33, while there are both shared and unique associated factors between the OP/OC and other trauma subtypes. Post-hoc analyses suggested that OP/OC experiences were associated with depression in only females and associated with anxiety in only males.DiscussionOur results may provide initial evidence that childhood OP/OC experiences would have negative effects on young people’s mental health which merits further investigations, especially in clinical populations.
Determining surgical surge capacity with a hybrid simulation exercise
Authors: Blimark Magnus , Robinson Yohan , Jacobson Catharina , Lönroth Hans , Boffard Kenneth D. , Lennquist Montán Kristina , Laesser Ilja , Örtenwall Per 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundTo help test and improve surgical surge capacity, mass casualty incident (MCI) exercises generate valuable information. Both large scale table-top exercises (TTX) and full-scale exercises (FSX) have limitations if you want to test an organisation’s capability and structure. A hybrid exercise incorporating the advantages of TTX and FSX is a possible way forward, but is no standardised exercise method, yet. This study aims at evaluating the exercise results to determine the feasibility of a hybrid TTX/FSX exercise for an organization’s capability and structure.MethodsA hybrid MCI simulation using moulaged figurants and simulation cards was designed, where the emergency department of a level 1 trauma centre receives 103 casualties over 4 h. After registration and triage, all casualties are expected to be resuscitated in real time and are transferred for further treatment inside the hospital (radiology, operating theatres, intensive care unit (ICU)/postop and wards). When reaching operation theatre, ICU or ward, figurants are replaced by simulation cards. Observers ensured that those procedures performed were adequate and adhered to realistic times. Use of resources (materials, drugs etc.) were registered. Primary endpoint was average time spent in the emergency department, from time of arrival, to transfer out. Secondary endpoints were related to patient flow and avoidable fatalities.ResultsThe hospital managed to deal with the flow of patients without collapse of existing systems. Operating theatres as well as ICU and ward beds were available at the end of the exercise. Several details in the hospital response were observed that had not been noticed during previous TTX.ConclusionFSX have a valuable role in training, equipping, exercising, and evaluating MCI management. Hybrid simulations combining both FSX and TTX may optimise resource utilisation and allow more frequent exercises with similar organisational benefit.
Effects of air pollution on emergency visits for acute otitis media among children: a case-crossover study in Chongqing, China
Authors: Xiao Ling , Su Shuping , Chen Cheng , Yao Hongbing , Ding Ling 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundMany epidemiological studies have demonstrated the short-term effects of air pollution on acute otitis media (AOM) in children, but few studies have explored the association between AOM and air pollution in Chinese children. This study aimed to analyze the effects of air pollution on emergency visits for AOM among children through a time-stratified case-crossover design in Chongqing, China.MethodsThe outpatient medical records of children from nine main urban districts who presented with AOM between December 22, 2018 and December 21, 2021 were collected from the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Data for air pollution variables, including the air quality index (AQI), particulate matter ≤ 10 μm (PM10), PM2.5, SO2, CO, NO2 and O3 from 17 monitoring sites were collected. Data for meteorological factors as confounding variables also were collected. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the data with single-pollutant models, multi-pollutant models, and stratified analyses.ResultsIncreases in AQI, PM10, PM2.5, SO2, CO and NO2 were positively associated with emergency visits for AOM among children in single-pollutant models and stratified analyses. Increases in PM10, SO2, CO and NO2 were positively associated with emergency visits for AOM among children in multi-pollutant models. NO2 had the most statistically significant OR values in all models, whereas significant effects of O3 were observed only in seasonal stratification. In single-pollutant models, we found that the best lag periods were lag 0–7 for air pollution variables except for O3 and the largest OR values were 1.185 (95%CI: 1.129–1.245) for SO2 in single-pollutant models. In stratified analyses, there were no difference between groups in these statistically significant OR values through gender and age stratification, while the differences between seasons in these OR values of PM10, SO2, CO, NO2 and O3 were statistically significant. Children aged 0 years and 3–5 years represented the most susceptible population, and among the seasons, susceptibility was greater during Winter and Spring.ConclusionShort-term exposure to air pollution can increase emergency visits for AOM among children in Chongqing, China.
TGF-β phospho antibody array identifies altered SMAD2, PI3K/AKT/SMAD, and RAC signaling contribute to the pathogenesis of myxomatous mitral valve disease
Authors: McNair Andrew J. , Markby Greg R. , Tang Qiyu , MacRae Vicky E. , Corcoran Brendan M. 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundTGFβ signaling appears to contribute to the pathogenesis of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in both dogs and humans. However, little is known about the extent of the downstream signaling changes that will then affect cell phenotype and function in both species.ObjectiveIdentify changes in downstream signals in the TGFβ pathway in canine MMVD and examine the effects of antagonism of one significant signal (SMAD2 was selected).Materials and methodsCanine cultures of normal quiescent valve interstitial cells (qVICs) and disease-derived activated myofibroblasts (aVICs) (n= 6) were examined for TGFβ signaling protein expression using a commercial antibody array. Significant changes were confirmed, and additional proteins of interest downstream in the TGFβ signaling pathway and markers of cell phenotype were examined (PRAS40, S6K, elF4E IRS-1, αSMA, and VIM), using protein immunoblotting. RT-PCR examined expression of gene markers of VIC activation (ACTA2, TAGLN, andMYH10; encoding the proteins αSMA, SM22, and Smemb, respectively). Attenuation of pSMAD2 in aVICs was examined using a combination of RNA interference technology (siRNA) and the SMAD7 (antagonizes SMAD2) agonist asiaticoside.ResultsThe antibody array identified significant changes (P&lt; 0.05) in 19 proteins, of which six were phosphorylated (p). There was increased expression of pSMAD2 and pRAC1 and decreased expression of pmTOR, pERK1/2, and pAKT1. Expression of pPRAS40 and pIRS-1 was increased, as was the mTOR downstream transcription factor pS6K, with increased expression of peIF4E in aVICs, indicating negative feedback control of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. SMAD2 antagonism by siRNA and the SMAD7 agonist asiaticoside decreased detection of pSMAD by at least 50%, significantly decreased expression of the aVIC gene markersACTA2, TAGLN, andMYH10, and pαSMA, pAKT2, and pERK1, but had no effect on pS6K, pERK2, or pVIM expression in aVICs. SMAD2 antagonism transitioned diseased aVICs to normal qVICs, while maintaining a mesenchymal phenotype (VIM+) while concurrently affecting non-canonical TGFβ signaling.ConclusionMMVD is associated with changes in both the canonical and non-canonical TGFβ signaling pathway. Antagonism of SMAD2 transitions diseased-activated myofibroblasts back to a normal phenotype, providing data that will inform studies on developing novel therapeutics to treat MMVD in dogs and humans.
Preferred Islet Delivery Device Characteristics and Implantation Strategies of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Tol Maarten C. , de Bont Denise F. A. , Boon Wouter P. C. , de Koning Eelco J. P. , van Apeldoorn Aart A. 
Published: October 2023

Islet delivery devices (IDDs) offer potential benefits for islet transplantation and stem cell-based replacement in type 1 diabetes. Little is known about patient preferences regarding islet delivery device characteristics and implantation strategies. Patient preferences for IDDs and implantation strategies remain understudied. We invited patients, parents and caregivers to fill in an online questionnaire regarding IDDs. An online survey gathered responses from 809 type 1 diabetes patients and 47 caregivers. We also assessed diabetes distress in a subgroup of 412 patients. A significant majority (97%) expressed willingness to receive an IDD. Preferred IDD attributes included a 3.5 cm diameter for 37.7% of respondents, while when provided with all options, 30.4% found dimensions unimportant. Respondents were open to approximately 4 implants, each with a 5 cm incision. Many favored a device functioning for 12 months (33.4%) or 24 months (24.8%). Younger participants (16–30) were more inclined to accept a 6 months functional duration (p &lt; 0.001). Functional duration outweighed implant quantity and size (p &lt; 0.001) in device importance. This emphasizes patients’ willingness to accommodate burdens related to IDD features and implantation methods, crucial for designing future beta cell replacement strategies.
Bioinformatic Analysis Reveals the Role of Translation Elongation Efficiency Optimisation in the Evolution of Ralstonia Genus
Authors: Korenskaia Aleksandra Y. , Matushkin Yury G. , Mustafin Zakhar S. , Lashin Sergey A. , Klimenko Alexandra I. 
Published: October 2023

Translation efficiency modulates gene expression in prokaryotes. The comparative analysis of translation elongation efficiency characteristics of Ralstonia genus bacteria genomes revealed that these characteristics diverge in accordance with the phylogeny of Ralstonia. The first branch of this genus is a group of bacteria commonly found in moist environments such as soil and water that includes the species R. mannitolilytica, R. insidiosa, and R. pickettii, which are also described as nosocomial infection pathogens. In contrast, the second branch is plant pathogenic bacteria consisting of R. solanacearum, R. pseudosolanacearum, and R. syzygii. We found that the soil Ralstonia have a significantly lower number and energy of potential secondary structures in mRNA and an increased role of codon usage bias in the optimization of highly expressed genes’ translation elongation efficiency, not only compared to phytopathogenic Ralstonia but also to Cupriavidus necator, which is closely related to the Ralstonia genus. The observed alterations in translation elongation efficiency of orthologous genes are also reflected in the difference of potentially highly expressed gene’ sets’ content among Ralstonia branches with different lifestyles. Analysis of translation elongation efficiency characteristics can be considered a promising approach for studying complex mechanisms that determine the evolution and adaptation of bacteria in various environments.