bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo determination of fat content in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with a mobile NMR spectrometer
Authors: Veliyulin Emil , van der Zwaag Claas , Burk Wolfgang , Erikson Ulf 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA new method for the rapid measurement of the fat content in live (or slaughtered) Atlantic salmon, based on a mobile low‐field NMR analyser, has been developed and tested. The instrument, calibrated against a set of reference samples (fish oil in agarose), was used for non‐destructive fat determination of the Norwegian quality cut (NQC) of anaesthetized fish. The total analysis time per fish was about 20 s. The fat content (range 90–182 g kg−1) showed significant correlation (r = 0.92) with chemical extraction data obtained after slaughtering the same fish. The spatial distribution of fat in the NQC was obtained and visualized as a ‘fat image’ using novel software. It was concluded that the mobile NMR spectrometer has potential for implementation in connection with on‐line quality control. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Long‐chain fatty acid supplemented infant formula does not influence calcium and magnesium bioavailability in weanling rats
Authors: Vaquero M Pilar , Sarriá Beatriz 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe influence of infant formula supplementation with long‐chain‐polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) on calcium and magnesium bioavailability was assessed in rats. Two test diets containing a plain, unsupplemented (PF) or supplemented (SF) infant formula as the fat source and a control diet (C) were administered to weaning rats and food intake and body weight gain were monitored for 28 days. In order to assess calcium and magnesium bioavailability, during the last week faeces and urine were collected and apparent absorption and retention were calculated. Food intake and body weight showed no significant differences between PF and SF but were lower in both groups compared with C. Calcium and magnesium intake did not differ between PF and SF, although both parameters were lower compared with C. Calcium absorption efficiency in PF and SF was significantly higher than in C. However, both groups showed higher urinary calcium excretion and thus no differences were observed in calcium retention. Magnesium absorption efficiency was also significantly higher in PF and SF compared with C, but magnesium absorption was significantly lower in SF compared with PF and C. Nevertheless, urinary magnesium excretion and magnesium retention were similar in the three groups. The consumption of a diet containing an infant formula supplemented with LCPUFA compared with the plain formula does not affect calcium and magnesium bioavailability in rats. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Cathlink® 20: A subcutaneous implanted central venous access device used in children with sickle cell disease on long‐term erythrocytapheresis—a report of low complication rates
Authors: Raj Ashok , Bertolone Salvatore , Bond Sheldon , Burnett Diane , Denker Audria 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackgroundExperience with the use of central venous access device (CVAD) in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) on hypertransfusion is limited and published studies report wide variability in the rates of CVAD‐associated complications.ProcedureIn this study, a total of 18 Cathlink® 20 ports (Bard Access systems, Salt Lake City, UT) were implanted in 15 patients aged 7–20 years with SCD for 19, 230 catheter patient days.ResultsNo peri‐operative complications were observed. Three episodes of catheter occlusion requiring replacement occurred in two patients for an observed rate of 0.16 per 1,000 catheter patient days for thrombotic occlusion. One patient required port replacement and another patient required replacement twice. In 13 out of 15 patients, the median duration of port use was 45 months. No episode of catheter‐associated bacteremia or catheter tunnel infections was observed.ConclusionsComparing our results with other reported studies of CVAD‐associated complications in patients with SCD, we observed a lower rate of complications with the use of Cathlink 20 ports. These findings may be partly related to the design of the port and partly to a dedicated group of nurses accessing the ports in a controlled environment in an apheresis unit. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2005;44:669–672. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Allogeneic versus autologous versus peripheral stem cell transplantation in CR1 pediatric AML patients: A single center experience
Authors: Anak Sema , Saribeyoglu Ebru Tugrul , Bilgen Hülya , Unuvar Aysegul , Karakas Zeynep , Devecioglu Omer , Agaoglu Leyla , Gedikoglu Gunduz 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of childhood acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) in first remission, is still evolving. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in patients with a donor has been well established, but the role of autologous transplantation remains of interest, particularly in the light of some encouraging results in adults.ProcedureOut of 81 pediatric patients with AML in first CR, 67 were biologically randomized for allogeneic (n = 31), autologous (n = 20), or peripheral stem cell transplant (n = 16) after completing consolidation treatment, with the remaining (n = 11) dropping out or receiving chemotherapy. Disease free survival (DFS) of these different groups were analyzed.ResultsAllogeneic transplantation is not superior to autologous and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) (DFS in 5 years is 61%, 50%, and 75%). The 5 years DFS in the autologous PBSCT group is significantly better than in the autologous BMT group (75% vs. 50%, P < 0.05).ConclusionIn pediatric AML patients without a donor, autologous BMT or autologous PBSCT appears to be an effective treatment option with low transplant related mortality especially in less privileged countries where the chemotherapy only results are still low. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2005;44:654–659. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transient hyperglycemia in Hispanic children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Baillargeon Jacques , Langevin Anne‐Marie , Mullins Judith , Ferry Robert J. , DeAngulo Guillermo , Thomas Paul J. , Estrada Jaime , Pitney Aaron , Pollock Brad H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackgroundTransient hyperglycemia occurs commonly during the treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of and risk factors for transient hyperglycemia during induction chemotherapy in Hispanic pediatric patients diagnosed with B‐Precursor ALL.ProcedureThe study cohort consisted of 155 Hispanic pediatric patients diagnosed with ALL and treated at one of two South Texas pediatric oncology centers between 1993 and 2002. Hyperglycemia was defined as ≥2 glucose determinations of ≥200 mg/dl during the first 28 days of induction chemotherapy.ResultsOverall, 11.0% of the study cohort developed transient hyperglycemia during induction chemotherapy. Age and body mass index (BMI) were both positively associated with the risk of hyperglycemia. Females exhibited a substantially higher risk of hyperglycemia than males, but this association did not reach statistical significance after adjusting for other covariates. Among patients who developed hyperglycemia, 100% of those who required insulin were in the 13–18‐year age group and reported a family history of diabetes. Hyperglycemic patients classified as obese (BMI ≥95 centile) were more than twice as likely to have required insulin therapy compared to overweight patients (BMI 85–<95 centile) and three times as likely to have required insulin compared to normal weight (BMI <85 centile) patients.ConclusionsThe incidence of chemotherapy‐induced transient hyperglycemia in the present study cohort is comparable to that reported in previous pediatric ALL patients. This finding is interesting in view of the elevated prevalence of obesity and the underlying dietary behaviors in this Hispanic study cohort. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immune thrombocytopenia following successful treatment of cancer in children
Authors: Price Victoria , Barnes Chris , Canning Patricia , Blanchette Victor , Greenberg Mark 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA predisposition to developing immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) has not been reported in survivors of childhood cancer. We report a case series of childhood cancer survivors who developed an isolated thrombocytopenia in the presence of a normocellular bone marrow. Five children, two with endodermal sinus tumors and three with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, developed ITP at a median of 4 years (range: 0.2–8 years) after completion of therapy. We suggest the association of ITP in survivors of childhood malignancy may not be co‐incidental as chemotherapy may cause persistent immune dysfunction. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of body mass and management of childhood overweight
Authors: Daniels Stephen R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObesity has become an increasingly important public health problem. Recent evidence suggests that obesity has become a close second to tobacco use as a preventable cause of death in the United States. During the past decade an increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adolescents has been observed. The association of type 2 diabetes and obesity is well established and most adolescents with type 2 diabetes have body mass index (BMI) in a range that would already be considered obese in an adult. Childhood overweight is also associated with the atherosclerotic process. In the Bogalusa autopsy study, Berenson et al. found that the extent of fatty streaks and fibrous plaques in the aorta and coronary arteries was associated with BMI. There are three modalities currently available for the treatment of overweight in children and adolescents, including behavioral approaches, pharmacologic approaches, and surgical approaches. Surgical intervention may be considered if the BMI ≥40 kg/m2 and a severe medical comorbidity including type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea or pseudotumor cerebri, or if the BMI is ≥50 kg/m2 and comorbid conditions such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, or the metabolic syndrome are present. Behavioral intervention is usually made by a psychologist, behavioral therapist, dietician, or exercise physiologist. There is evidence that the effect of behavioral therapy for weight loss in childhood will be longer lasting than that seen in adults. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2005;44:589–594. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute lymphocytic leukemia in adolescence with multiple osteolytic lesions and hypercalcemia mediated by lymphoblast‐producing parathyroid hormone‐related peptide: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Shimonodan Hidemi , Nagayama Jun , Nagatoshi Yoshihisa , Hatanaka Michiki , Takada Akiko , Iguchi Haruo , Oda Yoshinao , Okamura Jun 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackgroundOsteopathy is one of the common initial symptoms of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in children and adolescents, but multiple osteolysis accompanied by hypercalcemia is rarely observed.ProcedureWe treated a 14‐year‐old female who had multiple osteolytic lesions and hypercalcemia at initial onset of ALL. In this case we examined some humoral factors, which are known to associate with hypercalcemia in malignancies.ResultsParathyroid hormone‐related peptide (PTHrP) was elevated in serum, and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry revealed that the lymphoblasts produced PTHrP directly. Other humoral factors related to hypercalcemia were not detected. ALL relapsed in the bone marrow 3 months after achieving complete remission, and hypercalcemia and elevation of serum PTHrP were also observed. A second remission could not be achieved and hypercalcemia continued. The patient received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The serum calcium level became normal after the conditioning therapy. Before engraftment, however, the patient died of infection.ConclusionsThe present case suggests that blast‐producing PTHrP might be associated with multiple osteolytic lesions and hypercalcemia. PTHrP expressed in the lymphoblasts may, in itself, confer a survival advantage to lymphoblasts and contribute to the refractory nature of the disease. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dexrazoxane for the prevention of cardiomyopathy in anthracycline treated pediatric cancer patients
Authors: Anderson Barry 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAnthracyclines play a major role in chemotherapeutic regimens for a variety of childhood cancers, but produce dose‐related cardiotoxicity. Dexrazoxane, a chelating agent that binds iron intracellularly, has been cautiously included in anthracycline‐based regimens. Our understanding of anthracycline and dexrazoxane pharmacokinetics in children is very limited. In addition, the administration schedule used for adults (bolus dexrazoxane prior to bolus anthracycline) may not be the best to attain both short‐ and long‐term cardioprotection. Dexrazoxane could diminish the anti‐tumor activity of and/or increase toxicities from anthracyclines. Pediatric oncologists must be assured this intervention does not diminish the success in curing children with cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2005;44:584–588. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and characteristics of a novel aliphatic polycarbonate, poly[(propylene oxide)‐co‐(carbon dioxide)‐co‐(γ‐butyrolactone)]
Authors: Lu Lingbin , Huang Kelong 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA novel aliphatic polycarbonate, poly[(propylene oxide)‐co‐(carbon dioxide)‐co‐(γ‐butyrolactone)] [P(POCO2GBL)], was synthesized by the copolymerization of carbon dioxide, propylene oxide (PO) and γ‐butyrolactone (GBL). The resulting copolymers were determined by FTIR and NMR spectral analysis with viscosity‐average molecular weights (Mv) from 50 000 to 120 000 g mol−1. According to elemental analysis, the calculated data of elemental contents in P(POCO2GBL)44 were close to the found data. The result showed that GBL was inserted into the backbone of poly[(propylene oxide)‐co‐(carbon dioxide)] successfully. GBL offered an ester structural unit that gave the copolymer better degradability. The correlations between reaction conditions and properties were studied. When GBL content increased, the Mv and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the copolymers improved relative to an identical copolymer without GBL. Prolonging the reaction time of the copolymerization resulted in increases in Mv and Tg. P(POCO2GBL) exhibited a high Tg above 40 °C. The rate of backbone degradation increased with increasing GBL content. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Physics of thick polymers
Authors: Marenduzzo Davide , Flammini Alessandro , Trovato Antonio , Banavar Jayanth R. , Maritan Amos 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe present the results of analytical calculations and numerical simulations of the behavior of a new class of chain molecules that we call thick polymers. The concept of the thickness of such a polymer, viewed as a tube, is encapsulated by a special three‐body interaction and impacts on the behavior both locally and nonlocally. When thick polymers undergo compaction because of an attractive self‐interaction, we find a new type of phase transition between a compact phase and a swollen phase at zero temperature with increasing thickness. In the vicinity of this transition, short tubes form space‐filling helices and sheets as observed in protein native‐state structures. With increasing chain length, or with an increasing number of chains, we numerically find a crossover from secondary‐structure motifs to a quite distinct class of structures akin to the semicrystalline phases of polymers or amyloid fibers in polypeptides. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 650–679, 2005
Long‐range π‐type hydrogen bond in dimers CH2HF, CH2OH2O, and CH2ONH3
Authors: Li Rui Yan , Li Zhi Ru , Wu Di , Hao Xi Yun , Li Ru Jiao , Sun Chia Chung 
Published: February 2005

AbstractUsing four basis bets, (6‐311G(d,p), 6‐31+G(d,p), 6‐31++G(2d,2p), and 6‐311++G(3df,3pd), the optimized structures with all real frequencies were obtained at the MP2 level for the dimers CH2OHF, CH2OH2O, CH2ONH3, and CH2OCH4. The structures of CH2OHF, CH2OH2O, and CH2ONH3 are cycle‐shaped, which result from the larger bend of σ‐type hydrogen bonds. The bend of σ‐type H‐bond O…HY (YF, O, N) is illustrated and interpreted by an attractive interaction of a chemically intuitive π‐type hydrogen bond. The π‐type hydrogen bond is the interaction between one of the H atoms of CH2O and lone pair(s) on the F atom in HF, the O atom in H2O, or the N atom in NH3. In contrast with the above three dimers, for CH2OCH4, because there is not a π‐type hydrogen bond to bend its linear hydrogen bond, the structure of CH2OCH4 is noncyclic shaped. The interaction energy of hydrogen bonds and the π‐type H‐bond are calculated and discussed at the CCSD (T)/6‐311++G(3df,3pd) level. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Nonlinear optical constants of polymers from molecular hyperpolarizabilities of donor–acceptor molecules
Authors: Verwoerd W. S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA mathematical analysis previously developed to solve the quadratic tensor equations that relate molecular hyperpolarizability and bulk medium nonlinear optical constants is applied to donor–acceptor polyene molecules. The focus is on mutual polarization of spatially organized collections of molecules, e.g., chromophore side chains in an optical polymer. The performance of the electrostatic model is first confirmed by comparison with MOPAC calculations of composite molecules containing a pair of chromophores, and then applied to linear polymer chains as well as lattices in two and three dimensions. An optimal chromophore packing density is determined to maximize the macroscopic susceptibilities of polymer materials of the type studied. This is lower than the density allowed by the structure of the polymer, because of the mutual depolarization of chromophores at high packing densities. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Characterisation of intact recombinant human erythropoietins applied in doping by means of planar gel electrophoretic techniques and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation linear time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Stübiger Gerald , Marchetti Martina , Nagano Marietta , Reichel Christian , Gmeiner Günter , Allmaier Günter 
Published: February 2005

AbstractOur experiments show that it is possible to detect different types of recombinant human erythropoietins (rhEPOs), EPO‐α, EPO‐βand novel erythropoesis stimulating protein (NESP), based on exact molecular weight (MW) determination by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) applying a high‐resolution time‐of‐flight (TOF) mass analyser in the linear mode. Detection limits for the highly purified, intact glycoproteins were achievable in the low fmol range (25–50 fmol) using a sample preparation method applying a hydrophobic sample support (DropStop®) as MALDI target surface. These results are very promising for the development of highly sensitive detection methods for a direct identification of rhEPO after enrichment from human body fluids. During our investigation we were able to differentiate EPO‐α, EPO‐βand NESP based on distinct molecular substructures at the protein level by specific enzymatic reactions. MW determination of the intact molecules by high resolving one‐dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate /polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D SDS‐PAGE) and isoform separation by planar isoelectric focusing (IEF) was compared with MALDI‐MS data. Migration differences between the rhEPOs were observed from gel electrophoresis, whereby MWs of 38 kDa in the case of EPO‐α/βand 49 kDa for NESP could be estimated. In contrast, an exact MW determination by MALDI‐MS based on internal calibration revealed average MWs of 29.8 ± 0.3 kDa for EPO‐α/βand 36.8 ± 0.4 kDa for NESP. IEF separation of the intact rhEPOs revealed the presence of four to eight distinct isoforms in EPO‐αand EPO‐β, while four isoforms, which appeared in the more acidic area of the gels, were detected by immunostaining in NESP. A direct detection of the different N‐ or O‐glycoform pattern from rhEPOs using MALDI‐MS was possible by de‐sialylation of the glycan structures and after de‐N‐glycosylation of the intact molecules. Thereby, the main glycoforms of EPO‐α, EPO‐βand NESP could be characterised based on their N‐glycan composition. A microheterogeneity of the molecules based on the degree of sialylation of the O‐glycan was observable directly from the de‐N‐glycosylated protein. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid determination of acetone in human blood by derivatization with pentafluorobenzyl hydroxylamine followed by headspace liquid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Deng Chunhui , Li Ning , Wang Xiaochuan , Zhang Xiangmin , Zeng Jia 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn the current work, a simple, rapid, accurate and inexpensive method was developed for the determination of acetone in human blood. The proposed method is based on derivatization withO‐(2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine hydrochloride (PFBHA), followed by headspace liquid‐phase microextraction (HS‐LPME) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In the present method, acetone in blood samples was derivatized with PFBHA and acetone oxime formed in several seconds. The formed oxime was enriched by HS‐LPME using the organic solvent film (OSF) formed in a microsyringe barrel as extraction interface. Finally, the enriched oxime was analyzed by GC/MS in electron ionization (EI) mode. HS‐LPME parameters including solvent, syringe plunger withdrawal rate, sampling volume, and extraction cycle were optimized and the method reproducibility, linearity, recovery and detection limit were studied. The proposed method was applied to determination of acetone in diabetes blood and normal blood. It has been shown that derivatization with HS‐LPME and GC/MS is an alternative method for determination of the diabetes biomarker, acetone, in blood samples. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.