bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and petrological constraints on the tectono‐metamorphic evolution of the Massa Unit (Alpi Apuane, NW Tuscany, Italy)
Authors: Molli Giancarlo , Giorgetti Giovanna , Meccheri Marco 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA study of the metamorphic and tectonic evolution of the Massa Unit in the Alpi Apuane Metamorphic Complex shows that this unit suffered relatively high‐pressure conditions (peak higher than 0.8 GPa) and was exhumed during a multiphase history. The first stage of exhumation occurred during Tertiary continental collision between Adria and Sardinia/Corsica and was associated with the thrusting of the more deeply buried chloritoid + kyanite‐bearing Massa Unit on top of the less deeply buried chloritoid + pyrophyllite‐bearing Apuane Unit. The subsequent stages of exhumation were shared by the two metamorphic units and were coeval with the beginning of crustal extension related to the opening of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Origin of quartz geodes from Laño and Tubilla del Agua sections (middle–upper Campanian, Basque‐Cantabrian Basin, northern Spain): isotopic differences during diagenetic processes
Authors: Gómez‐Alday Juan J. , García‐Garmilla Francisco , Elorza Javier 
Published: August 2002

AbstractQuartz geodes and nodular chert have been found within middle–upper Campanian carbonate sediments from the Laño and Tubilla del Agua sections of the Basque‐Cantabrian Basin, northern Spain. The morphology of geodes together with the presence of anhydrite laths included in megaquartz crystals and spherulitic fibrous quartz (quartzine‐lutecite), suggest an origin from previous anhydrite nodules. The anhydrite nodules at Laño were produced by the percolation of marine brines, during a period corresponding to a sedimentary gap, with δ34S and δ18O mean values of 18.8‰ and 13.6‰ respectively, consistent with Upper Cretaceous seawater sulphate values. Higher δ34S and δ18O mean values of 21.2‰ and 21.8‰ recorded in the Tubilla del Agua section are interpreted as being due to a partial bacterial sulphate reduction process in a more restricted marine environment. The idea that sulphates may have originated from the leaching of previously deposited Keuper sulphate evaporites with subsequent precipitation as anhydrite, is rejected because the δ34S, δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr values of anhydrite laths observed at both the Tubilla del Agua and Laño sections suggest an origin from younger marine brines. Later calcite replacement and precipitation of geode‐filling calcite is recorded in both sections, with δ13C and δ18O values indicating the participation of meteoric waters. Synsedimentary activity of the Peñacerrada diapir, which lies close to the Laño section, played a significant role in the local shallowing of the basin and the formation of quartz geodes. In contrast, eustatic shallowing of the inner marine series of the Tubilla del Agua section led to the generation of morphologically similar quartz geodes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrophysiological characterization of retinal Müller glial cells from mouse during postnatal development: Comparison with rabbit cells
Authors: Pannicke Thomas , Bringmann Andreas , Reichenbach Andreas 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe electrophysiology of murine Müller cells, and of their precursors, during postnatal development was investigated by using the whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique. Membrane potential, membrane capacitance, and expression of voltage‐gated Na+ currents increased during the first 3 postnatal weeks. During the same period, the membrane resistance decreased due to an upregulation of both inward and outward K+ currents. Glutamate transporter‐mediated currents increased during the first postnatal weeks, as well. In Müller (precursor) cells from rabbits, these transporter currents already achieved adult levels at postnatal day 6, the earliest stage studied. Together with the developmental time course of K+ currents, this indicates a delay in the maturation of murine Müller cells, as compared with cells from rabbit. GLIA 38:268–272, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Markers for the functional availability of cobalamin/folate and their association with neuropsychiatric symptoms in the elderly
Authors: Hultberg Björn , Isaksson Anders , Nilsson Karin , Gustafson Lars 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCobalamin/folate deficiency is common in elderly subjects and may lead to psychiatric symptoms, but even more often it increases the severity of other organic and non‐organic mental diseases. This paper reviews the literature relevant for markers of cobalamin/folate status and their relation to neuropsychiatric symptoms in the elderly. Plasma homocysteine, a marker of cobalamin/folate status, is frequently increased in psychogeriatric patients. Among markers of cobalamin/folate status, plasma homocysteine shows the best association with neuropsychiatric dysfunction. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and bioactivities of 1,3,2‐benzodiazaphosphorin‐2‐carboxamide 2‐oxides containing α‐aminophosphonate groups
Authors: Huang Junmin , Chen Ruyu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn order to search for novel antitumor and antiviral agents with high activity and low toxicity, a series of 1‐ethoxycarbonylmethyl‐3‐ethyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐4‐oxo‐1,3,2‐benzodiazaphosphorin‐2‐carboxamide 2‐oxides containing α‐aminophosphonate groups have been designed and synthesized by a convenient one‐pot procedure in good yields. The structures of products were confirmed by 1H NMR, 31P NMR, IR spectra, and elemental analyses. The bioassay results showed that some of them possess excellent anti–tobacco mosaic virus activities and exhibit higher inhibitory effects compared with that of the contrast drug 2,4‐dioxyhexahydro‐1,3,5‐triazine. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:97–101, 2001
Twenty years of health care economic analysis in Spain: are we doing well?
Authors: García‐Altés Anna 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe rising demand for health care, together with the scarce available resources, has increased the use of economic analysis as a support tool for policy making. The objective of this study was to make a description of economic evaluation studies carried out in Spain and published during the last 20 years, and to assess their quality.A systematic bibliographic search was made in the main biomedical databases. Full economic evaluation studies made in Spain comparing two or more health care alternatives were included. Statistical analyses included a descriptive analysis, the assessment of the association between pairs of variables, and a homogeneity analysis.A total of 87 studies were included in the review. According to the methodology, the technique most frequently used was cost‐effectiveness analysis. In most cases, some weaknesses could be pointed out: absence of any objective directly linked to the decision‐making process, a non‐explicit perspective, no inclusion of indirect costs, or clinical and economical data not concurrently collected.A continuing challenge for health care economic analysis in Spain is to follow methodological guidelines and reporting conventions, to improve the dissemination of research, as well as to use more sophisticated economic analysis techniques, and to publish in international journals. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The desirability of a condition versus the well being and worth of a person
Authors: Nord Erik 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe desirability of a condition to people who are not in it themselves is only moderately correlated to the experienced well being of people with the condition and hardly correlated at all to the worth of those people. A single score for a health state, of the kind used in QALY calculations, cannot express all these three types of value. The history and current practice of health economics is highly problematic in this respect. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Apoptosis and its clinical impact
Authors: Gastman Brian R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundApoptosis or programmed cell death is an orderly cascade that can be regulated and ultimately results in the demise of the cell. Induction of apoptosis can occur by various chemical and biologic agents. Initiation of apoptosis leads to activation of effector molecules particularly caspases. These proteases cleave distinct protein substrates, resulting in the morphologic changes seen in apoptosis. This form of cell death is involved in almost every physiologic and pathogenic process in the body. For this reason the ability to control apoptosis has important therapeutic ramifications.ResultsThis article reviews the history of the investigation of apoptosis and summarizes the most important pathways and regulatory molecules involved in this process. The major regulators of apoptosis, including the Bcl‐2, caspase, and inhibitor of apoptosis families, are examined. The two major apoptotic pathways, including the extrinsic/cell surface death receptor and the intrinsic/mitochondrial pathways, are discussed. A major emphasis is given to examining the relationship between apoptosis and certain disease processes. This review specifically focuses on the importance of apoptosis research in the development of new methods of management of cancer with an emphasis in head and neck oncology.ConclusionsApoptosis is a rapidly growing field. The understanding of the mechanisms and effector molecules controlling this form of cell death is evolving. On the basis of increasing knowledge of how programmed cell death is regulated and the improvements in designing and developing gene therapies and chemicals that are more accurate in targeting specific molecules, the control of apoptosis will become more important in the clinical setting. This possibility will open the door for new therapeutic endeavors in many areas of medicine and specifically in the area of oncology. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 409–425, 2001.
Surgical treatment of cervical node metastases from squamous carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract: Evaluation of the evidence for modifications of neck dissection
Authors: Buckley J. Graham , Feber Trish 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThis review article examines the role of the different types of neck dissection in the treatment of squamous carcinoma metastases to the cervical nodes.MethodsA critical evaluation of the literature on the pathologic basis, oncologic effectiveness, and functional outcome of neck dissection.ResultsPathologic data show preferential metastasis to different lymph node levels, in N0− and N+‐staged disease, depending on the primary tumor site. Comparative studies on control of regional metastases suggest that modified radical is no less effective than radical neck dissection, but there is insufficient data to draw firm conclusions on the role of selective neck dissection. Selective and modified radical dissections result in less shoulder disability than radical neck dissection.ConclusionsModified radical neck dissection is supported by pathologic and clinical evidence in N1‐ and 2‐staged disease. There may be a role for selective dissection, but there is a need for more information on oncologic outcome. Prospective multicenter systematic data collection on the outcome of neck dissection is a pragmatic alternative to a trial. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 907–915, 2001.
A methodology for systemic‐structural analysis and design of manual‐based manufacturing operations
Authors: Bedny Gregory , Karwowski Waldemar , Kwon Young‐Guk 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to develop a method for systemic‐structural analysis and design of manufacturing assembly operations based on the activity theory. The “activity” was defined as behavior distinctively specific to workers, associated with mobilizations and realization of conscious manufacturing goals. The fundamental units of analysis of activity are actions that are both motor and mental. Activity is considered as a complicated structure of actions that are logically ordered in space and time. Each action is comprised of different operations. The building blocks of motor actions are motions. The building blocks of cognitive actions are mental operations. Activity integrates not merely cognitive and behavioral components, but the energy components as well. The proposed methodology is illustrated using an example of two manufacturing assembly operations. © 2001 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Integrating learning and work: Problems and prospects
Authors: Ellström Per‐Erik 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn spite of a widespread belief in the importance of integrating learning and work, little is known about
the conditions that promote such an integration. In order to both clarify the concept of learning and see how
to integrate learning and work, this article distinguishes between two major modes of learning: adaptive and
developmental learning, which the author breaks down into four levels. Using these conceptualizations as a
starting point, the article focuses on identifying and analyzing a number of factors that are assumed to be
critical for facilitating or constraining an integration of learning and work.
The Impact of Same‐Sex LMX Dyads on Performance Evaluations
Authors: Varma Arup , Stroh Linda K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNumerous studies have found that supervisors rate women lower than men for similar levels of performance,
suggesting that for female employees, performance alone may not be able to guarantee fair ratings. What is not
clear is whether this disparity is a function of the gender composition of the supervisor–subordinate dyad
or simply a case of male supervisor rating behavior. Based on data from supervisor–subordinate dyads in four
organizations, we found that after controlling for performance, both male and female supervisors
exhibit a positive bias toward subordinates of the same sex and rate members of the same gender higher. ©
2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
360 Feedback from Another Angle
Authors: Bracken David W. , Timmreck Carol W. , Fleenor John W. , Summers Lynn 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHow do you know if a 360 process has been implemented successfully? What are the factors that influence its success? How can those factors be controlled by those responsible for its implementation? Despite its popularity, there has been little effort to build a comprehensive model that addresses these fundamental questions about 360 feedback. In a quest for such a model, we identify a host of key factors organized according to whether they exert their influence proximally or distally. We discuss how each factor contributes to successful implementation. After identifying how design features of a 360 process affect these key factors, we recommend how to enhance the probability of implementing 360 feedback successfully and sustaining the process over time. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Heat transfer characteristics in a pulsating fluidized bed in relation to bubble characteristics
Authors: Nishimura Akira , Deguchi Seiichi , Matsuda Hitoki , Hasatani Masanobu , Mujumdar Arun S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA pulsating fluidized bed is operated with two sequential durations designated as an on‐period with injecting fluidization gas and an off‐period without it. The heat transfer coefficient between a vertically immersed heater and bed in a pulsating fluidized bed is measured under various pulse cycles and fluidized particles. The obtained results are compared with those in a normal fluidized bed with continuous fluidization air injection. The relationship between heat transfer coefficients and bubble characteristics, evaluated using a digital video camera, has also been investigated. For certain fluidized particles and operating pulse cycles, the fluidization of particles and the increment of heat transfer coefficients can be obtained under a mean air velocity based on a pulse cycle duration smaller than the minimum fluidization air velocity in a normal fluidized bed. Under the pulse cycles where a static bed through the whole bed is formed in the off‐period duration, the improved heat transfer rate over that in a normal fluidized bed can be measured. This may be attributed to large bubble formation. As heat transfer in the pulsating fluidized bed is obstructed with increasing time to keep a static bed due to the excessive off‐period duration, it is indicated that there is an optimum off‐period duration based on the heat transfer rate. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(4): 307–319, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10038
Psychological profile of abstinent recreational Ecstasy (MDMA) users and significance of concomitant cannabis use
Authors: Daumann Joerg , Pelz Susanna , Becker Stefanie , Tuchtenhagen Frank , Gouzoulis‐Mayfrank Euphrosyne 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe popular recreational drug Ecstasy (3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine, or MDMA, and related congeners) is neurotoxic upon central serotonergic systems in animal studies. So far, the most convincing evidence for neurotoxicity‐related functional deficits in humans derives from neurocognitive studies demonstrating dose‐related memory problems in Ecstasy users. The aim of the current investigation was to study the relationship between the psychological profile of recreational Ecstasy users and the patterns of their drug use. Twenty‐eight abstinent recreational Ecstasy users with concomitant use of cannabis only and two equally sized, matched groups of cannabis users and non‐users were administered standardized self‐rating scales for the assessment of psychological problems which are thought to be related to central serotonergic function. Ecstasy users had elevated scores on subscales measuring impulsiveness, anxiety, sensation seeking, somatic complaints, obsessive‐compulsive behavior and psychoticism. Higher scores were associated with both heavier Ecstasy and heavier cannabis use. After controlling for cannabis use, most group differences in psychometric scores no longer achieved statistical significance. The present data are in line with other reports demonstrating a broad range of psychological problems in Ecstasy users. However, the concomitant use of other drugs, specifically cannabis, seems to be crucial in this respect. Therefore, compared with cognitive deficits, psychological problems appear to be less suitable functional indices of Ecstasy‐related neurotoxic damage of central serotonergic systems in humans. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Which neuroreceptors mediate the subjective effects of MDMA in humans? A summary of mechanistic studies
Authors: Liechti Matthias E. , Vollenweider Franz X. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn preclinical studies, 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ‘Ecstasy’) has been shown to release serotonin (5‐HT), dopamine and norepinephrine. However, the role of these neurotransmitters and their corresponding receptor sites in mediating the subjective effects of MDMA has not yet been studied in humans. Therefore, we investigated the effects of three different neuroreceptor pretreatments on the subjective, cardiovascular and adverse effects of MDMA (1.5 mg/kg orally) in 44 healthy human volunteers. Pretreatments were: the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram (40 mg intravenously) in 16 subjects, the 5‐HT2 antagonist ketanserin (50 mg orally) in 14 subjects, and the D2 antagonist haloperidol (1.4 mg intravenously) in 14 subjects. Each of these studies used a double‐blind placebo‐controlled within‐subject design and all subjects were examined under placebo, pretreatment, MDMA and pretreatment plus MDMA conditions. Citalopram markedly reduced most of the subjective effects of MDMA, including positive mood, increased extraversion and self‐confidence. Cardiovascular and adverse effects of MDMA were also attenuated by citalopram. Haloperidol selectively reduced MDMA‐induced positive mood but had no effect on other subjective effects of MDMA or the cardiovascular or adverse responses to MDMA. Ketanserin selectively reduced MDMA‐induced perceptual changes and emotional excitation. These results indicate that the overall psychological effects of MDMA largely depend on carrier‐mediated 5‐HT release, while the more stimulant‐like euphoric mood effects of MDMA appear to relate, at least in part, to dopamine D2 receptor stimulation. The mild hallucinogen‐like perceptual effects of MDMA appear to be due to serotonergic 5‐HT2 receptor stimulation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scaling aspects of river flow routing
Authors: Arora Vivek , Seglenieks Frank , Kouwen Nick , Soulis Eric 
Published: August 2002

AbstractScaling aspects of river flow routing are studied by comparing two flow routing schemes, one designed for use in coupled general circulation models (GCMs) and operated at large spatial scales (∼350 km), and the other designed for use in typical hydrological applications at small spatial scales (∼25 km). The same runoff data are used as input into the two routing schemes, and comparisons are made between mean annual, mean monthly and daily streamflow simulated at four locations within the Mackenzie River Basin. The results suggest that for the purpose of realistically modelling monthly streamflow at the mouth of the rivers in GCMs, flow routing at large spatial scales gives similar results. However, the amplitude of the annual streamflow cycle is slightly but characteristically larger, when routing is performed at large spatial scales. Flow routing at large spatial scales also results in overestimation of high flows, while low flows are underestimated. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reedbed evapotranspiration rates in England
Authors: Fermor P. M. , Hedges P. D. , Gilbert J. C. , Gowing D. J. G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMeasurements of evapotranspiration from contrasting stands of Phragmites australis [ET(Reed)] were obtained over several years at three sites within England between 1994 and 1998. A comparison with published ET(Reed) values showed the UK rates to be considerably lower than those measured in continental Europe. From the ET(Reed) data monthly crop coefficients [Kc(Reed)] have been developed, which when used with Reference Crop Evapotranspiration will enable reedbed water use to be determined. Due to the differences in study site characteristics, values for Kc varied widely, and it was not considered appropriate to combine results to produce a single set of monthly mean values. However, suggestions are made regarding the application of the Kc(Reed) values to wetland design. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Refinement of predictive reaeration equations for a typical Indian river
Authors: Jha Ramakar , Ojha C. S. P. , Bhatia K. K. S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDissolved oxygen mass balance has been computed for different reaches of River Kali in western Uttar Pradesh (India) to obtain the reaeration coefficient (K2). A total of 270 field data sets have been collected during the period from March 1999 to February 2000. Eleven most popular predictive equations, used for reaeration prediction and utilizing mean stream velocity, bed slope, flow depth, friction velocity and Froude number, have been tested for their applicability in the River Kali using data generated during field survey. The K2 values computed from these predictive equations have been compared with the K2 values observed from dissolved oxygen balance measurements in the field. The performance of predictive equations have been evaluated using error estimation, namely standard error (SE), normal mean error (NME), mean multiplicative error (MME) and correlation statistics. The equations developed by Smoot and by Cadwallader and McDonnell showed comparatively better results. Moreover, a refined predictive equation has been developed using a least‐squares algorithm for the River Kali that minimizes error estimates and improves correlation between observed and computed reaeration coefficients. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.