bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proceedings of the fourth National Congress of the Italian Society of Virology
Authors: Salata Cristiano , Parolin Cristina , Palù Giorgio 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe aim of the yearly National Congress of the Italian Society of Virology (SIV) is to promote the discussion between senior and younger researchers to improve the knowledge and scientific collaboration among the various areas of Virology. The invited and selected lecturers of the fourth National Congress of SIV covered the following topics: general Virology and viral Genetics; virus host interactions and pathogenesis; viral immunology and vaccines; emerging and re‐emerging viral diseases; antiviral therapy; innovative diagnostics; viral biotechnologies and gene therapy. As in the previous edition (Salata and Palù, 2004 J Cell Physiol 199:171–173), a specific topic was thoroughly covered in a roundtable. In this edition the overviewed topic was HCV, from epidemiology and genetic variability to immunology and antiviral therapy. The final program can be found at the web site http://www.siv‐virologia.it. A summary of the oral presentations of the 2004 meeting is reported. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of different types of oxidative stress in RPE cells
Authors: Lu Lili , Hackett Sean F. , Mincey Andrew , Lai Hong , Campochiaro Peter A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractOxidative damage to retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells and photoreceptors has been implicated in the pathogenesis of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). In order to develop new treatments, it is necessary to characterize the antioxidant defense system in RPE cells to better define their vulnerabilities and how they can be remedied. In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of three different types of oxidative stress on cultured RPE cells. Carbonyl content in RPE cells increased with increasing concentrations of oxidants or increasing duration of exposure with high reproducibility, validating ELISA for carbonyl content as a valuable quantitative measure of oxidative damage. Compared to other cell types, RPE cells were able to survive exposure to H2O2 quite well and exposure to paraquat extremely well. Comparison of the total amount of oxidative damage at the IC50 for each type of stress showed a rank order of hyperoxia > paraquat > H2O2, and since these stressors primarily target different cellular compartments, it suggests that the endogenous defense system against oxidative damage in RPE cells protects well against damage to mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, and is less able to handle oxidative damage at the cell surface. Supplementation of media with ascorbic acid provided significant protection from H2O2‐induced oxidative damage, but not that induced by paraquat or hyperoxia. Supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid or α‐tocopherol significantly reduced oxidative damage from H2O2 or hyperoxia, but not that induced by paraquat. We conclude that exposure to different types of oxidative stress results in different patterns of accrual of oxidative damage to proteins in RPE cells, different patterns of loss of viability, and is differentially countered by antioxidants. This study suggests that multiple types of oxidant stress should be used to probe the vulnerabilities of the retina and RPE in vivo, and that ELISA for carbonyl content provides a valuable tool for quantitative assessment of oxidative damage for such studies. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TP53 mutations and S‐phase fraction but not DNA‐ploidy are independent prognostic indicators in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Russo Antonio , Corsale Simona , Agnese Valentina , Macaluso Marcella , Cascio Sandra , Bruno Loredana , Surmacz Eva , Dardanoni Gabriella , Valerio Maria Rosaria , Vieni Salvatore , Restivo Salvatore , Fulfaro Fabio , Tomasino Rosa Maria , Gebbia Nicola , Bazan Viviana 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTo prospectively evaluate the prognostic significance of TP53, H‐, K‐, and N‐Ras mutations, DNA‐ploidy and S‐phase fraction (SPF) in patients affected by locally advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Eight‐one patients (median follow‐up was 71 months) who underwent resective surgery for primary operable locally advanced LSCC were analyzed. Tumor DNA was screened for mutational analysis by PCR/SSCP and sequencing. DNA‐ploidy and SPF were performed by flow cytometric analyses. Thirty‐six patients (44%) had, at least, a mutation in the TP53 gene. Of them, 22% (8/36) had double mutations and 3% (1/36) had triple mutations. In total, 46 TP53 mutations were observed. The majority (41%) of these occur in exon 5 (19/46), while the mutations in exons 6, 7, and 8 were represented in 14, 7, and 6 patients, respectively (31%, 15%, and 16%). Five LSCC patients (6%) showed a mutation in H‐Ras gene. Sixty‐three percent of the cases (51/81) were DNA aneuploidy, 14% of these (7/51) were multiclonal. Thirty‐nine patients (48%) had an high SPF value. At Univariate analysis, the DNA aneuploidy, high SPF (>15.1%), TP53 mutations and, in particular, the mutations that occur in exons 5 and 8 were significantly related to quicker disease relapse and short OS. At Multivariate analysis, the major significant predictors for both disease relapse and death were high SPF and any TP53 mutations. While histological grade G3 was an independent factor only for relapse. In conclusions, any TP53 mutations and high SPF are important biological indicators to predict the outcome of LSCC patients. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The development of a new set of long‐term climate averages for the UK
Authors: Perry Matthew , Hollis Daniel 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMonthly and annual long‐term average datasets of 13 climate variables are generated for the periods 1961–90 and 1971–2000 using a consistent analysis method. Values are produced for each station in the Met Office's observing network and for a rectangular grid of points covering the UK at a horizontal spacing of 1 km. The variables covered are mean, maximum, minimum, grass minimum and soil temperature, days of air and ground frost, precipitation, days with rain exceeding 0.2 and 1 mm, sunshine, and days with thunder and snow cover.Gaps in the monthly station data are filled with estimates obtained via regression relationships with a number of well‐correlated neighbours, and long‐term averages are then calculated for each site. Gridded datasets are created by inverse‐distance‐weighted interpolation of regression residuals obtained from the station averages. This method does not work well for days of frost, thunder and snow, so an alternative approach is used. This involves first producing a grid of values for each month from the available station data. The gridded long‐term average datasets are then obtained by averaging the monthly grids.The errors associated with each stage in the process are assessed, including verification of the gridding stage by leaving out a set of stations. The estimation of missing values allows a dense network of stations to be used, and this, along with the range of independent variables used in the regression, allows detailed and accurate climate datasets and maps to be produced. The datasets have a range of applications, and the maps are freely available through the Met Office Website. © Crown Copyright 2005. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Instrumental pressure observations from the end of the 17th century: Leiden (The Netherlands)
Authors: Können G. P. , Brandsma T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe present a series of daily pressure readings taken in 1697–98 in Leiden (Netherlands) by W. Senguerd. The readings were reviewed, converted to modern units, and reduced to 0 °C. The 2 year series runs parallel with the Paris 1665–1713 and London 1697–1708 pressure series. Although the series covers a time span of 23 months only, it can be regarded as a useful addition to the very few pressure series that extend back into the 17th century. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Experimental and modeling study of the oxidation of 1‐pentene at high temperature
Authors: Touchard S. , Buda F. , Dayma G. , Glaude P. A. , Fournet R. , Battin‐Leclerc F. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIgnition delay times of 1‐pentene–oxygen–argon mixtures have been measured behind shock wave, the onset of ignition being detected by OH radical emission. Mixtures contained 1 or 2% of hydrocarbon for equivalence ratios ranging from 0.5 to 2. Reflected shock waves allowed temperatures from 1130 to 1620 K and pressures from 7.3 to 9.5 atm to be obtained. A detailed mechanism of combustion of 1‐pentene has been automatically generated using EXGAS software. This mechanism has been validated by comparing the results of the simulations to the experimental ignition delay times. The main reaction pathways have been derived from flow rate and sensitivity analyses at different temperatures. Comparisons with 1‐butene and 1‐hexene in the same conditions show that 1‐pentene has a higher reactivity which seems to be due to its decomposition to give ethyl radicals, which rapidly yields very reactive hydrogen atoms, while the decomposition of 1‐butene and 1‐hexene leads to less reactive methyl radicals. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 37: 451–463, 2005
A quantum mechanical approach to the kinetics of the hydrogen abstraction reaction H2O2 + •OH → HO2 + H2O
Authors: Atadinç F. , Günaydin H. , Özen A. S. , Aviyente V. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe kinetics of the hydrogen abstraction from H2O2 by •OH has been modeled with MP2/6‐31G*//MP2/6‐31G*, MP2‐SAC//MP2/6‐31G*, MP2/6‐31+G**//MP2/6‐31+G**, MP2‐SAC// MP2/6‐31+G**, MP4(SDTQ)/6‐311G**//MP2/6‐31G*, CCSD(T)/6‐31G*//CCSD(T)/6‐31G*, CCSD(T)/6‐31G**//CCSD(T)/6‐31G**, CCSD(T)/6‐311++G**//MP2/6‐31G* in the gas phase. MD simulations have been used to generate initial geometries for the stationary points along the potential energy surface for hydrogen abstraction from H2O2. The effective fragment potential (EFP) has been used to optimize the relevant structures in solution. Furthermore, the IEFPCM model has been used for the supermolecules generated via MD calculations. IEFPCM/MP2/6‐31G* and IEFPCM/CCSD(T)/6‐31G* calculations have also been performed for structures without explicit water molecules. Experimentally, the rate constant for hydrogen abstraction by •OH drops from 1.75 × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 in the gas phase to 4.48 × 10−14 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 in solution. The same trend has been reproduced best with MP4 (SDTQ)/6‐311G**//MP2/6‐31G* in the gas phase (0.415 × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1) and with EFP (UHF/6‐31G*) in solution (3.23 × 10−14 cm3 molecule−1 s−1). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 37: 502–514, 2005
Variations in gene expression among different types of human skeletal muscle
Authors: Kang Peter B. , Kho Alvin T. , Sanoudou Despina , Haslett Judith N. , Dow Chad P. , Han Mei , Blasko Jessica M. , Lidov Hart G. W. , Beggs Alan H. , Kunkel Louis M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThere is a consistent variation in the response of different skeletal muscle groups to mutations in genes known to cause muscular dystrophy, yet these muscles appear histologically similar. To better understand these phenotypic differences, we analyzed gene expression patterns in control muscle specimens obtained from four sites at autopsy: deltoid, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior (TA). A total of 35 muscle samples from nine individuals (four pediatric and five geriatric) were studied. Factors potentially influencing gene expression in the different samples included individuality, age, muscle type, gender, cause of death, postmortem interval, and ethnicity. The first three factors, in decreasing order, were found to have a significant impact on the stratification of muscle specimens. A novel analytic method, using a second round of normalization, was used to elicit differences between muscle types. This approach may be extended to a broader survey, potentially elucidating a molecular classification of the skeletal muscles. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Exercise training in mitochondrial myopathy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cejudo Pilar , Bautista Juan , Montemayor Teodoro , Villagómez Rafael , Jiménez Luis , Ortega Francisco , Campos Yolanda , Sánchez Hildegard , Arenas Joaquín 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPatients with mitochondrial myopathies (MM) usually suffer from exercise intolerance due to their impaired oxidative capacity and physical deconditioning. We evaluated the effects of a 12‐week supervised randomized rehabilitation program involving endurance training in patients with MM. Twenty MM patients were assigned to a training or control group. For three nonconsecutive days each week, patients combined cycle exercise at 70% of their peak work rate with three upper‐body weight‐lifting exercises performed at 50% of maximum capacity. Training increased maximal oxygen uptake (28.5%), work output (15.5%), and minute ventilation (40%), endurance performance (62%), walking distance in shuttle walking test (+95 m), and peripheral muscle strength (32%–62%), and improved Nottingham Health Profile scores (21.47%) and clinical symptoms. Control MM patients did not change from baseline. Results show that our exercise program is an adequate training strategy for patients with mitochondrial myopathy. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Morphology development in polyethylene/polystyrene blends: the influence of processing conditions and interfacial modification
Authors: Jaziri Mohamed , Kossentini Kallel Tasnim , Mbarek Souad , Elleuch Boubaker 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe influence of processing conditions and interfacial modification on the morphology evolution and the composition range within which fully co‐continuous high density polyethylene/polystyrene blend structures can exist during blending in a single screw extruder was studied. Blends ranging from pure A to pure B component, with and without compatibilizer, were prepared under two different shear rates. It was found that high shear rates displaced the breakdown–coalescence balance of the dispersed nodules to the side of coalescence, narrowing the percolation domain and the critical composition for full co‐continuity decreased with increasing shear rates. The addition of a tri‐block compatibilizer induced the percolation threshold of the polystyrene phase to begin at lower percentages of polyethylene but the phase inversion point did not change. The experimental results are discussed in the light of various theoretical models. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Reactivity of oxetane monomers in photoinitiated cationic polymerization
Authors: Bulut Umut , Crivello James V. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractStudies of the onium salt photoinitiated cationic ring‐opening polymerizations of various 3,3‐disubstituted oxetane monomers have been conducted with real‐time infrared spectroscopy and optical pyrometry. The polymerizations of these monomers are typified by an extended induction period that has been attributed to the presence of a long‐lived tertiary oxonium ion intermediate formed by the reaction of the initially formed secondary oxonium ion with the cyclic ether monomer. Because the extended induction period in the photopolymerization of these monomers renders oxetane monomers of limited value for many applications, methods have been sought for its minimization or elimination. Three general methods have been found effective in markedly shortening the induction period: (1) carrying out the photopolymerizations at higher temperatures, (2) copolymerizing with more reactive epoxide monomers, and (3) using free‐radical photoinitiators as synergists. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3205–3220, 2005
Design strategies for controlling the molecular weight and rate using reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer mediated living radical polymerization
Authors: Monteiro Michael J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLiving radical polymerization has allowed complex polymer architectures to be synthesized in bulk, solution, and water. The most versatile of these techniques is reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT), which allows a wide range of functional and nonfunctional polymers to be made with predictable molecular weight distributions (MWDs), ranging from very narrow to quite broad. The great complexity of the RAFT mechanism and how the kinetic parameters affect the rate of polymerization and MWD are not obvious. Therefore, the aim of this article is to provide useful insights into the important kinetic parameters that control the rate of polymerization and the evolution of the MWD with conversion. We discuss how a change in the chain‐transfer constant can affect the evolution of the MWD. It is shown how we can, in principle, use only one RAFT agent to obtain a polymer with any MWD. Retardation and inhibition are discussed in terms of (1) the leaving R group reactivity and (2) the intermediate radical termination model versus the slow fragmentation model. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3189–3204, 2005
Early pulmonary involvement in Niemann‐Pick type B disease: Lung lavage is not useful
Authors: Uyan Z.S. , Karadağ B. , Ersu R. , Kıyan G. , Kotiloğlu E. , Sirvancı S. , Ercan Feriha , Dağlı T. , Karakoç F. , Dağlı E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNiemann‐Pick disease (NPD) is a rare, autosomal‐recessively inherited lipid storage disease which is characterized by intracellular deposition of sphingomyelin in various body tissues. The disease is heterogeneous and classified into six groups. Pulmonary parenchymal involvement may be a feature of several subtypes of NPD, including type B. Progressive pulmonary involvement in NPD type B is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. It is usually diagnosed at older ages. Only a few cases with early pulmonary involvement have been reported. In this report, a patient with NPD type B, hospitalized with the diagnosis of pneumonia at age 3 months, is presented. Following treatment for pneumonia, she continued to have persistent respiratory symptoms and became oxygen‐dependent. High‐resolution computed tomography of the chest revealed diffuse interstitial changes. During follow‐up, the patient developed hepatosplenomegaly. Lung, liver, and bone marrow biopsies showed characteristic findings for NPD. Biochemical studies also confirmed the diagnosis, and the sphingomyelinase enzyme level of the patient was low. Unilateral lung lavage was performed in order to decrease lipid storage as a treatment modality. However, there was no clinical or radiological improvement. The patient died at age 15 months due to progressive respiratory failure. Pulmonary involvement is a rare entity in early childhood in patients with NPD type B, but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent interstitial lung disease. It may cause progressive respiratory failure, but the treatment options remain limited. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2005; 40:169–172. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Similarities and dissimilarities of branching and septation during lung development
Authors: Roth‐Kleiner Matthias , Post Martin 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe lungs of small premature babies are at a developmental stage of finalizing their airway tree by a process called branching morphogenesis, and of creating terminal gas exchange units by a mechanism called septation. If the branching process is disturbed, the lung has a propensity to be hypoplastic. If septation is impaired, the terminal gas exchange units, the alveoli, tend to be enlarged and reduced in number, an entity known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Here, we review current knowledge of key molecules influencing branching and septation. In particular, we discuss the molecular similarities and dissimilarities between the two processes of airspace enlargement. Understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating branching and septation may provide perinatologists with targets for improving lung growth and maturation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2005; 40:113–134. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for determination of domoic acid in Adriatic shellfish
Authors: Ciminiello Patrizia , Dell'Aversano Carmela , Fattorusso Ernesto , Forino Martino , Magno Giuseppina S. , Tartaglione Luciana , Quilliam Michael A. , Tubaro Aurelia , Poletti Roberto 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper describes a new method for sensitive, specific and direct determination of domoic acid (DA), the causative toxin of amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) syndrome, in shellfish. It is based on combination of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HILIC/MS). The high percentage of organic modifier in the mobile phase and the omission of ion‐pairing reagents, both favoured in HILIC, result in enhanced detection limits with MS detection. The new method was set up either on an ionspray ion trap MS instrument operating in MS and MS/MS scanning acquisition modes, or on a turboionspray triple‐quadrupole MS system operating in selected ion monitoring (SIM) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) acquisition modes. Positive and negative ion experiments were performed. MRM experiments are recommended for screening contaminated shellfish tissue and for quantitative analyses due to highest sensitivity and selectivity. The minimum detection levels for the toxin in tissue were found to be 63 and 190 ng/g in positive and negative MRM experiments, respectively, which are well below the regulatory limit for DA in tissue (20 µg/g). Application to shellfish samples collected in the Adriatic Sea (Italy) in the period 2000–2004 demonstrated for the first time in Italy the presence of DA as a new toxin that has entered the Adriatic Mytilus galloprovincialis toxin profile. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐performance x‐ray silicon detector for reliable industrial and research XRF applications
Authors: Paepen J. , Osorio V. , Van Espen P. , Evrard O. , Van Buul L. , Keters M. , Jordanov V. T. , Burger P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn quantitative analysis, instrument stability is a mandatory requirement. The stability of resolution, sensitivity and gain versus count rate, temperature and time are the key considerations in instrument performance. A careful study of the stability of an x‐ray spectrometry system consisting of an x‐ray detector and digital spectroscopy analyser was performed. As a new approach, resolution and throughput are presented versus dead time. To test the stability of resolution, gain and sensitivity versus time, hundreds of spectra were acquired over almost 4 days. The average resolution was 179.9 eV (RSD 0.67%). The gain variation during this experiment was found to be 0.13 eV at the 5.895 keV Mn Kα. The uncertainty contribution of the detector on the peak intensity was found to be RSD 0.0651%. The gain and sensitivity data showed a very small trend with changing ambient temperature. The experiment was repeated at constant ambient temperature, concluding that no statistically significant drift of peak intensity could be observed in that condition. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.