bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic Relationships among Modern Birds (Neornithes): Toward an Avian Tree of Life
Authors: Cracraft Joel , Barker F Keith , Braun Michael , Harshman John , Dyke Gareth J , Feinstein Julie , Stanley Scott , Cibois Alice , Schikler Peter , Beresford Pamela , García-Moreno Jaime , Sorenson Michael D , Yuri Tamaki , Mindell David P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Modern perceptions of the monophyly of avian higher taxa (modern birds, Neornithes) and their interrelationships are the legacy of systematic work undertaken in the 19th century. Before the introduction of an evolutionary worldview by Charles Darwin in 1859, taxonomists clustered taxa into groups using similarities that reflected a vision of how God might have organized the world at the time of Creation. Such was the case with the Quinerian system of avian classification devised by Macleay (1819–1821) in which groups and subgroups of five were recognized, or of Strickland (1841) or Wallace (1856) in which affinities were graphed as unrooted networks (see O’Hara 1988). After Darwin, this worldview changed. For those comparative biologists struggling to make sense of Earth’s biotic diversity in naturalistic terms, Darwinism provided a framework for organizing similarities and differences hierarchically, as a pattern of ancestry and descent. The search for the Tree of Life was launched, and it did not take long for the structure of avian relationships to be addressed. The first to do so was no less a figure than Thomas Henry Huxley (1867), who produced an important and influential paper on avian classification that was explicitly evolutionary. 1868).
The Gentle Subversive
Authors: Lytle Mark Hamilton 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“There is properly no history; only biography;’ Ralph Waldo Emerson once observed. Few historians would agree. The frame of biography is simply too narrow to suit their aims. Measuring as they do the lines of change and continuity, concerned as they must be in reconstructing context, historians often find a single life unequal to these tasks. Yet some lives can serve such purposes if they are recreated with a telling sense of time and place.
Such surely is the case with Mark Lytle’s The Gentle Subversive. In it, Lytle chronicles the life of Rachel Carson, a modern-day naturalist who produced one of the most important books of the twentieth century. When it appeared in 1962, Silent Springsounded an alarm that still rings today, of an impending crisis brought on by the indiscriminate use of pesticides. What began as a well-intentioned effort to rid the environment of insects that destroyed crops and spread disease ended by threatening to poison the planet.
Middle East Feasts
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Promised Land is defined by its frontiers and then by its abundant if basic food supply—”a land flowing with milk and honey.” The Lord’s Prayer deals with eternal truths, and with one practical request—for “our daily bread.” The pagan ancient Greeks, imagining the life of the immortals on Mount Olympus, provided for their sustenance—ambrosia and nectar, the food and drink of the gods.
Religion and Murder in the Middle East
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The theme of this meeting is “The Modern State and Political Assassination.” My purpose is to add some dimensions, both of time and space, to the topic—extending it outward to the Middle East as a region and back-ward at least until Biblical times, and to emphasize one aspect which has received passing attention but not, I suspect, sufficient for our purposes. That is the religious aspect—the citing of religion as a motive and as a justification for murder. Let me start with the year 656 c.e. and the assassination of ‘Uthman, the third caliph, that is to say, the third in the succession to the Prophet in the headship of the Muslim community. Of the first four caliphs, three were murdered, but the third was crucial. The second, ‘Umar, was murdered by a disgruntled slave, who was neither a Muslim nor an Arab; his act therefore had no religious or political significance. ‘Uthman was murdered by Muslim Arab mutineers, and his murder was the signal for a devastating civil war.
Europe and the Turks
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This year [1953] the Turks have been celebrating the 500th anniversary of their conquest of Constantinople. Turkish rule in Europe began nearly a century earlier, and was firmly established by the time that the occupation of the Imperial city rounded off the Turkish dominions and made Constantinople once again the capital of a great empire. But the anniversary may serve as the occasion for some reflections on the place of the Ottoman Empire in the history of Europe and of the world.
Europe and Islam
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Europe is a European idea, conceived in Greece, nurtured in Rome, and now, after a long and troubled childhood and adolescence in Christendom, approaching maturity in a secular, supranational community. Asia and Africa are also European ideas, European ways of describing the Other. All human groups have terms, often derogatory, to designate those who are outside the group. Some of these terms have acquired an almost universal significance. Barbarians were originally non-Greeks, gentiles are non-Jews, Asian and Africans are non-Europeans and were sub-divided geographically into the east and the south. Barbarians did not of course regard themselves as barbarians, nor did gentiles regard themselves as gentiles, until both were taught, by the processes of Hellenization and Christianization, to see themselves in this alien light. The Hellenization of the barbarians took place in antiquity; the Christianization of the gentiles in the Middle Ages. The awareness among Asians and Africans of this European-imposed identity dates in the main from modern times, when they were taught this classification by European rulers, teachers and preachers. By the present day, the Greek invention of the three continents of the Old World has been universally accepted.
Cold War and Détente in the 16th Century
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The drawing of historical parallels has fallen into disrepute of late, partly no doubt as a result of some strikingly inept and widely disseminated recent examples. The working historian is accustomed to evidence which is fragmentary, unreliable, inconsistent and often contradictory, thus accurately reflecting the human condition. It is for this reason that history is one of the most valuable of educational and intellectual disciplines; for this reason too that historical statements are much more tentative, much more hypothetical than is normally expected in the comparativist social sciences. The historian knows that his materials are friable and unsafe, and he can only watch with wonderment and alarm as the model-building social scientists raise great structures of the bricks which he reluctantly supplies to them.
The British Mandate for Palestine in Historical Perspective
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
All scientific method and therefore all scholarly method is comparative. When you go to see the doctor with a pain in your right arm he also examines your left arm. The same principle is useful in examining a period in history. At first sight, the period of British rule in this country [Israel] looks like a brief passing episode between the 400 years of Ottoman rule that preceded it and the lengthening decades of Jewish and Arab rule that have followed it. Nevertheless it is, I think, an extremely important period, and the study of that period is very rewarding for the understanding of the history not only of this country, but of the region. As I said, all scholarly method is comparative, and it may be useful to compare the record of the British Mandate here not only with what went before and with what came after, but also with what was happening in the neighborhood—with other empires, with previous and subsequent governments, and with other former British territories.
Middle East at Prayer
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is a well-known story, dating back to the early days of the Arab-Israel conflict, about an American representative at the United Nations who found himself involved in a more than usually acrimonious argument between the spokesmen of the two sides. Forgetting for a moment where he was and to whom he was speaking, he urged the Arabs and Israelis to settle their quarrels like Christians. A less frequently cited addendum explains that this is precisely what they have been doing ever since.
At the United Nations
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For a few months in 1975 and 1976, Daniel Patrick Moynihan was United States Ambassador to the United Nations. His brief tenure, which forms the theme of this book, attracted to the proceedings of the United Nations a degree of attention which they have not often received before or since. At that time, I had as temporary neighbor a distinguished social scientist from the West Indies, and, as a chorus of condemnation began to gather strength and volume, denouncing Ambassador Moyhnihan for what was described as his offensive and insulting demeanor toward Third World countries, my neighbor took a diametrically opposite point of view. Far from being offended by Ambassador Moynihan’s remarks, he was delighted with them. “For the first time,” he said, “an American politician is treating us as responsible adults.” This, he said, made a welcome change from the normal tendency to treat Third World nations and their representatives as neurotic children or, at best, retarded adolescents to be humored and cared for but not taken seriously.
What Saddam Wrought
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After Saddam Hussein’s invasion of Kuwait a year ago today, again after the launching of the coalition offensive, and again after the ceasefire, it was said by many that as a result of these events the Middle East had changed beyond recognition, and that nothing would ever be the same again. And then, when a new and different Middle East failed to materialize, the same or other voices were raised to assert that nothing had changed at all.
We Must Be Clear
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon has been likened many times this week to Pearl Harbor. The resemblance goes further than the simple suddenness and cruelty of the assault. This too, like Pearl Harbor, is not an isolated act; it is the opening salvo of what is intended to be a war leading to victory. The Japanese assumption at the time was that the United States, despite its wealth and strength, was unmilitary and indeed cowardly, and would easily be frightened out of Asia. A similar calculation underlay the action on Tuesday: that the Americans have gone soft, cannot take casualties and will run if attacked. A similar purpose inspired the action—to expel the Americans, their economic tentacles, their corrupting culture and their local accomplices from all the world of Islam, wherever the frontiers of that world may ultimately lie. The calculation is not at first sight unreasonable. The abandonment of Vietnam, the flight under attack from Lebanon and Somalia, the recent preemptive withdrawal and evacuation because of a (probably planted) intercept indicating a threat of terrorist action, all seem to point in that direction. So too does the anxious, propitiatory posture adopted by spokesmen in addressing the rulers of other countries, including those regarded as friends.
Quantum Enigma
Authors: Rosenblum Bruce , Kuttner Fred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The most successful theory in all of science--and the basis of one third of our economy--says the strangest things about the world and about us. Can you believe that physical reality is created by our observation of it? Physicists were forced to this conclusion, the quantum enigma, by what they observed in their laboratories. Trying to understand the atom, physicists built quantum mechanics and found, to their embarrassment, that their theory intimately connects consciousness with the physical world. Quantum Enigma explores what that implies and why some founders of the theory became the foremost objectors to it. Schrödinger showed that it "absurdly" allowed a cat to be in a "superposition" simultaneously dead and alive. Einstein derided the theory's "spooky interactions." With Bell's Theorem, we now know Schrödinger's superpositions and Einstein's spooky interactions indeed exist. Authors Bruce Rosenblum and Fred Kuttner explain all of this in non-technical terms with help from some fanciful stories and bits about the theory's developers. They present the quantum mystery honestly, with an emphasis on what is and what is not speculation. Physics' encounter with consciousness is its skeleton in the closet. Because the authors open the closet and examine the skeleton, theirs is a controversial book. Quantum Enigma's description of the experimental quantum facts, and the quantum theory explaining them, is undisputed. Interpreting what it all means, however, is controversial. Every interpretation of quantum physics encounters consciousness. Rosenblum and Kuttner therefore turn to exploring consciousness itself--and encounter quantum physics. Free will and anthropic principles become crucial issues, and the connection of consciousness with the cosmos suggested by some leading quantum cosmologists is mind-blowing. Readers are brought to a boundary where the particular expertise of physicists is no longer a sure guide. They will find, instead, the facts and hints provided by quantum mechanics and the ability to speculate for themselves.
Presenting the Enigma
Authors: Rosenblum Bruce , Kuttner Fred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is a controversial book. But nothing we say about quantum mechanics is controversial. The experimental results we report and our explanation of them with quantum theory are completely undisputed. It is the mystery these results imply beyond physics that is hotly disputed. For many physicists, this mystery, the quantum enigma, is best not talked about. It displays physics’ encounter with consciousness. It’s the skeleton in our closet.
Einstein Called It “Spooky”— And I Wish I Had Known
Authors: Rosenblum Bruce , Kuttner Fred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Princeton one Saturday in the 1950s, a friend asked his son-in-law and me (Bruce) if we’d like to spend the evening with Albert Einstein. Two awed physics graduate students soon waited in Einstein’s living room as he came downstairs in slippers and sweatshirt. I remember tea and cookies but not how the conversation started.
Wonderful, Wonderful Copenhagen
Authors: Rosenblum Bruce , Kuttner Fred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The meaning of Newton’s mechanics was clear. It described a reasonable world, a “clockwork universe.” It needed no interpretation. Einstein’s relativity is surely counterintuitive, but no one interprets relativity. We come to accept the idea that moving clocks run slow. It’s harder to accept that observation creates the reality observed. That needs interpretation.
Seeking a Real World
Authors: Rosenblum Bruce , Kuttner Fred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Schrödinger told his cat story to show that quantum theory denied the existence of a physically real world, that quantum theory claimed that observation created the observed reality. That claim does seem crazy. Indeed, if someone on trial convinced the jury that he believed that his looking created the physical world, the jury would likely accept a plea of insanity.
Swift, Sterne, and the Skeptical Tradition
Authors: Parnell J T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a recent essay Donald Wehrs suggests that the tradition of fideistic skepticism offers a meaningful context for Laurence Sterne’s narrative and thematic concerns. In so doing he highlights the most significant, and hitherto overlooked, legacy of the Renaissance humanists with whom Sterne’s name is so frequently linked. It has long been a commonplace to see Tristram Shandy in the tradition of learned wit, but the late flowering of the tradition in Sterne’s fiction has never been adequately explained. Similarly, the epithet “skeptic” occurs regularly in discussions of Sterne, from John Traugott’s influential Tristram Shandy’s World in the 1950s to Jonathan Lamb’s recent Sterne’s Fiction and the Double Principle. Until Donald Wehrs’s article, however, skeptic had been used in its modern sense, denoting at worst universal doubt, or at best the kind of philosophical—and, more or less, secular—skepticism associated with Locke and Hume.
Reader as Hobby-horse in Tristram Shandy
Authors: Ostovich Helen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The relationship between Tristram and his reader is only superficially what the text calls at one point “conversation” (TS, 2.9.125). It might more properly be called dispute. As writer, Tristram sets upon his reader and draws him about, harassing, upbraiding, riding him like a temperamental jockey trying to manage a recalcitrant horse. This disputatious riding has for its object, not mere domination of the reader, but stimulation and provocation, the equal engagement of writer and reader in the creative journeying through the novel.
A Social Trinitarian Theology of the Human Person
Authors: Mcdougall Joy Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapters 2 and 3 of this study have traced the historical development of Moltmann’s trinitarian theology and the corresponding evolution within his concept of divine love. In this chapter and the next, we will step beyond the strict domain of Moltmann’s doctrine of the Trinity and his construal of divine love to enter the broader terrain of the author’s trinitarian anthropology and his theology of grace.
TAME: Teen Anger Management Education
Authors: Feindler Eva L , Gerber Meghann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The antisocial behavior of children and adolescents presents a significant challenge to the clinical community. Although the rate of youth arrests for violent and aggressive crimes appears to be dropping during the past decade, the prevalence of conduct disorder among children and adolescents remains high, which indicates that maladaptive aggression continues to be a significant problem (Connor, 2002; Snyder & Sickmund, 2006). Furthermore, aggressive and antisocial behavior problems appear to be stable over time if left untreated (Kazdin, 1995). Although a number of direct and indirect factors are theorized to contribute to the etiology of aggressive behavior and conduct problems (for a brief review see Nelson, Finch, & Ghee, 2005), the cognitive-behavioral model focuses on the cognitive processes that play a significant role in the generation of anger and the sometimes aggressive responses to provocation.
Car Launch
Authors: Roth George , Kleiner Art 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Car Launch: The Human Side of Managing Change is the first book in the new Oxford series, The Learning History Library. It is edited by Art Kleiner and George Roth, both of whom originated the concept of the learning history. These extended "Living" case studies use an innovative format based on "the jointly told tale" to help narrate the story of major intra-firm transitions. The learning history succeeds in balancing traditional research with pragmatic imperatives and powerful imagery.
Setting an Example of Non-Authoritarian Leadership
Authors: Roth George , Kleiner Art 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many Epsilon team members commented on the Launch Manager and the Program Manager‘s attitudes. Like many managers, the two Epsilon leaders said that they believed in openness and honesty. These two leaders were credited, however, with acting in ways that showed they believed in the values they were espousing. This was all the more striking because it was in contrast to the conventional approaches to management at Autocue, and specifically to the ways these managers themselves had behaved in the past.
Combining Engineering Innovation with Human Relations: The Harmony Buck
Authors: Roth George , Kleiner Art 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An innovation developed by the Epsilon team, the harmony buck, has become standard practice at Autocue. Harmony bucks are a part of most new interior programs at Autocue, beginning in 1998 and beyond. The team‘s interviews suggest that large-scale technical innovations like this one are possible because of two factors: a willingness to break established methods and the opportunity to collaborate across functional lines.
Partnerships
Authors: Roth George , Kleiner Art 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Several Epsilon efforts could be seen as attempts to develop infrastructure to support communication and partnership between functions. Two efforts stood out in participants” minds: The market research clinic expanded the team‘s opportunities to learn from customers and dealers and to pursue cross-functional conversations. The collocation effort showed how physically changing the infra structure is not sufficient in itself. It‘s also necessary to develop new habits and attitudes to help people get the most value from col location.
Remote Sensing
Authors: Schott John R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Remote Sensing deals with the fundamental ideas underlying the rapidly growing field of remote sensing. John Schott explores energy-matter interaction, radiation propagation, data dissemination, and described the tools and procedures required to extract information from remotely sensed data using the image chain approach. Organizations and individuals often focus on one aspect of the remote sensing process before considering it as a whole, thus investigating unjustified effort, time, and expense to get minimal improvement. Unlike other books on the subject, Remote Sensing treats the process as a continuous flow. Schott examines the limitations obstructing the flow of information to the user, employing numerous applications of remote sensing to earth observation disciplines. For this second edition, in addition to a thorough update, there are major changes and additions, such as a much more complete treatment of spectroscopic imaging, which has matured dramatically in the last ten years, and a more rigorous treatment of image processing with an emphasis on spectral image processing algorithms. Remote Sensing is an ideal first text in remote sensing for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the physical or engineering sciences, and will also serve as a valuable reference for practitioners.
Historical Perspective and Photo Mensuration
Authors: Schott John R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Observing the earth and recording those observations as images is a form of remote sensing that has been taking place for nearly a century and a half. The develop-ment of the first commonly used form of photography is often attributed to L. J. M. Daguerre, who from 1835 to 1839 perfected the daguerreotype. The first known photographs from an overhead platform were taken about 20 years later by a French portrait photographer, Gaspard Felix Tournachon (a.k.a. Nadar). In 1858 Nadar took photographs from a balloon equipped with a darkroom to process the wet plates used in the collodion process he employed.
The Governing Equation For Radiance Reaching the Sensor
Authors: Schott John R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the last chapter we encountered the basic concepts of atmospheric propagation and the fundamentals of radiometry. In this chapter we will use these principles to derive an expression for the radiance reaching a remote sensor. This governing equation must describe all the significant paths illustrated in Figures 3.1 and 3.3. To determine the relative importance of each of the terms in the governing equa-tion, we will perform a simple sensitivity analysis (Sec. 4.6) on the final equation. This governing equation represents several major links in the imaging chain that are critical to quantitative radiometric image analysis.