bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of isoflavones, daidzein and genistein, after ingestion of soy beverage compared with soy extract capsules in postmenopausal Thai women
Authors: Anupongsanugool Ekasin , Teekachunhatean Supanimit , Rojanasthien Noppamas , Pongsatha Saipin , Sangdee Chaichan 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
Isoflavones from soybeans may provide some beneficial impacts on postmenopausal health. The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of plasma isoflavones (daidzein and genistein) after a single dose of orally administered soy beverage and soy extract capsules in postmenopausal Thai women.

Methods
We conducted a randomized two-phase crossover pharmacokinetic study in 12 postmenopausal Thai women. In the first phase, each subject randomly received either 2 soy extract capsules (containing daidzin : genistin = 7.79 : 22.57 mg), or soy beverage prepared from 15 g of soy flour (containing daidzin : genistin = 9.27 : 10.51 mg). In the second phase, the subjects received an alternative preparation in the same manner after a washout period of at least 1 week. Blood samples were collected immediately before and at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 and 32 h after administration of the soy preparation in each phase. Plasma daidzein and genistein concentrations were determined by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The pharmacokinetic parameters of daidzein and genistein, i.e. maximal plasma concentration (Cmax), time to maximal plasma concentration (Tmax), area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and half-life (t1/2), were estimated using the TopFit version 2.0 software with noncompartmental model analysis.

Results
There were no significant differences in the mean values of Cmax/dose, AUC0–32/dose, AUC0-∝/dose, Tmax, and t1/2 of genistein between both preparations. For pharmacokinetic parameters of daidzein, the mean values of Cmax/dose, Tmax, and t1/2 did not significantly differ between both preparations. Nonetheless, the mean AUC0–32/dose and AUC0-∝/dose after administration of soy extract capsules were slightly (but significantly, p < 0.05) higher than those of soy beverage.

Conclusion
The bioavailability of daidzein, which was adjusted for the administered dose (AUC/dose), following a single oral administration of soy beverage was slightly (but significantly) less than that of soy extract capsules, whereas, the bioavailability adjusted for administered dose of genistein from both soy preparations were comparable. The other pharmacokinetic parameters of daidzein and genistein, including Cmax adjusted for the dose, Tmax and t1/2, were not different between both soy preparations.
Assessment of obesity management in medical examination
Authors: Treyzon Leo 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Obesity is a growing international health problem that has already reached epidemic proportions, particularly within the United States where a majority of the population is overweight or obese. Effective methods of treatment are needed, and should be taught to physicians by efficient means. There exists a disconnect between the rising obesity prevalence with its high toll on medical resources, and the lack of obesity education provided to practitioners in the course of their training. One particular shortfall is the lack of representation of obesity on standardized medical examinations. Physician attitudes toward obesity are influenced by their lack of familiarity with the management of the disease. This may include dietary restriction, increasing physical activity, behavior modification, pharmacotherapy, and surgical interventions. Thus, curricular changes in the medical education of obesity could help reduce morbidity and mortality associated with this disease.
Asymmetry in host and parasitoid diffuse coevolution: when the red queen has to keep a finger in more than one pie
Authors: Lapchin Laurent , Guillemaud Thomas 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
Coevolution between pairs of antagonistic species is generally considered an endless "arms race" between attack and defense traits to counteract the adaptive responses of the other species.

Presentation of the hypothesis
When more than two species are involved, diffuse coevolution of hosts and parasitoids could be asymmetric because consumers can choose their prey whereas preys do not choose their predator. This asymmetry may lead to differences in the rate of evolution of the antagonistic species in response to selection. The more long-standing the coevolution of a given pair of antagonistic populations, the higher should be the fitness advantage for the consumer. Therefore, the main prediction of the hypothesis is that the consumer trophic level is more likely to win the coevolution race.

Testing the hypothesis
We propose testing the asymmetry hypothesis by focusing on the tritrophic system plant/aphid/aphid parasitoid. The analysis of the genetic variability in the virulence of several parasitoid populations and in the defenses of several aphid species or several clones of the same aphid species could be compared. Moreover, the analysis of the neutral population genetic structure of the parasitoid as a function of the aphid host, the plant host and geographic isolation may complement the detection of differences between host and parasitoid trophic specialization.

Implications of the hypothesis
Genetic structures induced by the arms race between antagonistic species may be disturbed by asymmetry in coevolution, producing neither rare genotype advantages nor coevolutionary hotspots. Thus this hypothesis profoundly changes our understanding of coevolution and may have important implications in terms of pest management.
Proliferation and differentiation potential of chondrocytes from osteoarthritic patients
Authors: Tallheden Tommi , Bengtsson Catherine , Brantsing Camilla , Sjögren-Jansson Eva , Carlsson Lars , Peterson Lars , Brittberg Mats , Lindahl Anders 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAutologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT) has been shown, in long-term follow-up studies, to be a promising treatment for the repair of isolated cartilage lesions. The method is based on an implantation of in vitro expanded chondrocytes originating from a small cartilage biopsy harvested from a non-weight-bearing area within the joint. In patients with osteoarthritis (OA), there is a need for the resurfacing of large areas, which could potentially be made by using a scaffold in combination with culture-expanded cells. As a first step towards a cell-based therapy for OA, we therefore investigated the expansion and redifferentiation potential in vitro of chondrocytes isolated from patients undergoing total knee replacement. The results demonstrate that OA chondrocytes have a good proliferation potential and are able to redifferentiate in a three-dimensional pellet model. During the redifferentiation, the OA cells expressed increasing amounts of DNA and proteoglycans, and at day 14 the cells from all donors contained type II collagen-rich matrix. The accumulation of proteoglycans was in comparable amounts to those from ACT donors, whereas total collagen was significantly lower in all of the redifferentiated OA chondrocytes. When the OA chondrocytes were loaded into a scaffold based on hyaluronic acid, they bound to the scaffold and produced cartilage-specific matrix proteins. Thus, autologous chondrocytes are a potential source for the biological treatment of OA patients but the limited collagen synthesis of the OA chondrocytes needs to be further explained.
Weighting by heritability for detection of quantitative trait loci with microarray estimates of gene expression
Authors: Manly Kenneth F , Wang Jintao , Williams Robert W 
Published: March 2005

AbstractHeritable differences in transcribed RNA levels can be mapped as quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Transcribed RNA levels are often measured by hybridization to microarrays of oligonucleotide probes, in which each transcript is represented by multiple probes. The use of recombinant inbred lines allows an estimate of the heritability of expression measured by individual probes. This heritability varies greatly. We have tested heritability-weighted averages to define expression of a transcript and found that these allow detection of more QTLs than previously described methods.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Decreases Akt Protein Levels in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes via the Caspase-Dependent Ubiquitination of Akt
Authors: Medina Edward A. , Afsari Robert R. , Ravid Tommer , Castillo S. Sianna , Erickson Kent L. , Goldkorn Tzipora 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTNF-α is a mediator of insulin resistance in sepsis, obesity, and type 2 diabetes and is known to impair insulin signaling in adipocytes. Akt (protein kinase B) is a crucial signaling mediator for insulin. In the present study we examined the posttranslational mechanisms by which short-term (&lt;6-h) exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to TNF-α decreases Akt levels. TNF-α treatment both increased the ubiquitination of Akt and decreased its protein level. The decrease in protein was associated with the presence of an (immunoreactive) Akt fragment after TNF-α treatment, indicative of Akt cleavage. The broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor t-butoxycarbonyl-Asp(O-Me)-fluoromethyl ketone markedly suppressed these effects of TNF-α. The caspase-6 inhibitor Z-Val-Glu(OMe)-Ile-Asp(OMe)-CH2F potently suppressed Akt ubiquitination, degradation, and fragment formation, whereas the proteasome inhibitor Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-CHO modestly attenuated the decline in Akt levels. Exposure to TNF-α also enhanced the association of Akt with an E3 ligase activity. Adipocytes preexposed to TNF-α for 5 h and then stimulated with insulin for 30 min exhibited decreased levels of Akt, phosphorylated Akt, as well as phosphorylated Mdm2, which is a known direct substrate of Akt, and glucose uptake. Caspase inhibition attenuated these inhibitory effects of TNF-α. Collectively, our results suggest that TNF-α induces the caspase-dependent degradation of Akt via the cleavage and ubiquitination of Akt, which results in its degradation through the 26S proteasome. Furthermore, the caspase- and proteasome-mediated degradation of Akt due to TNF-α exposure leads to impaired Akt-dependent insulin signaling in adipocytes. These findings expand the mechanism by which TNF-α impairs insulin signaling.
Cleft Palate and Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
Authors: Laroche Carine , Testelin Sylvie , Devauchelle Bernard 
Published: March 2005

Objective Patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome suffer numerous anomalies, which vary somewhat from case to case. Cleft palate in combination with this syndrome has rarely been reported in the literature. Through two cases, this report examines the staging of the surgical repairs and the role of macroglossia in cleft palate and the consequences of the scarred palate on mandibular development. Results Of four patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, only two had a cleft palate. The timing of the repair in these two children was different. Speech development was satisfactory in the first case but mediocre in the second. This result seemed to be related to a poor social environment. Mandibular prognathism persisted in both cases. Conclusion The treatment of patients with cleft palate and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome remains complex. It is preferable not to operate on a cleft palate before performing a tongue reduction plasty, but rather to combine these two surgical interventions. This would reduce the risks of anesthesia and enable the palate to heal more efficiently. Surgical treatment should be performed after the age of 6 months and before problems in speech development occur. An orthognathic surgery at adolescence could be performed if prognathism persists. While the origin of the cleft palate is still being discussed, we cannot claim that macroglossia is related to the development of cleft palate, nor that the scarred palate has an impact on the mandibular development.
Application of Limited Cone Beam Computed Tomography to Clinical Assessment of Alveolar Bone Grafting: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Hamada Yoshiki , Kondoh Toshirou , Noguchi Kazuhide , Iino Mitsuyoshi , Isono Hiroaki , Ishii Hiroaki , Mishima Akira , Kobayashi Kaoru , Seto Kanichi 
Published: March 2005

Objectives The aim of this study was to demonstrate the clinical applicability of limited cone beam computed tomography (Dental 3D-CT) for assessment of bone-grafted alveolar cleft. Patients and Methods Seventeen bone bridges were examined after alveolar bone grafting in 13 patients with cleft lip and palate. All bone bridges, including cleft-adjacent teeth, were examined by plain radiography and the Dental 3D-CT imaging system. Results The plain radiographs showed the approximate condition of the bone bridge and cleft-adjacent teeth. The Dental 3D-CT images clearly showed precise three-dimensional (3D) morphology of the bone bridge, 3D relationships between the bone bridge and the roots of cleft-adjacent teeth, and their periodontal condition. In addition, the conditions surrounding dental implants installed in the bone bridge could be observed three-dimensionally. Conclusions The results indicate that the Dental 3D-CT imaging system is suitable for clinical assessment of alveolar bone grafting before and after installation of dental implants or orthodontic treatment of the cleft-adjacent teeth.
Report of Altered Sensation in Patients with Cleft Lip
Authors: Essick Greg K. , Dorion Craig , Rumley Seth , Rogers Lyna , Young Michael , Trotman Carroll-Ann 
Published: March 2005

Objective To determine whether patients with cleft lip have normal perioral sensation. Design Each subject was carefully questioned about the following: sensation in the face at rest, light touch of different areas, and sensation in natural situations (e.g., exposure to cold weather) that reveal sensory abnormalities. A cotton-tip applicator stick was stroked lightly across the facial skin. The subject's descriptions of the evoked sensations were used to identify and outline areas with abnormal sensation. Setting Data were obtained from subjects participating in a longitudinal, university-based study of the functional outcomes of lip revision surgery. Patients Seventeen patients with cleft lip and 12 control subjects (aged 7 to 22 years, mean 12.9 years) participated. Results In contrast to control subjects, 9 of 16 patients (56%) reported loss in sensation, described as decreased touch, scratch, tickle, or tingle intensity. Six other patients (38%) reported additional sensation, described as increased scratch, tickle, or tingle intensity. In eight patients, the altered sensation was restricted to the skin area flanking and including the visible scar, encompassing no more than 25% of the total area bound by the inferior nose, nasolabial grooves and inferior vermilion. In seven patients (unilateral cleft), the altered area extended to the contralateral, noncleft side of the upper lip or onto the philtrum. Conclusions In contrast to the literature, sensation in the upper lip of many patients with cleft lip is not normal. Loss in sensation is exhibited most commonly and limited largely to the skin overlying tissues traumatized during reconstructive surgery.
A New Three-Dimensional Method of Assessing Facial Volumetric Changes after Orthognathic Treatment
Authors: Hajeer Mohammad Y. , Mao Zhili , Millett Declan T. , Ayoub Ashraf F. , Siebert Jan Paul 
Published: March 2005

Objective To validate a new method of facial volumetric assessment that is dependent on the use of stereophotogrammetric models and a software-based Facial Analysis Tool. Design The method was validated in vitro with three-dimensional (3D) models of a lifelike plastic female dummy head and in vivo with a male-subject head. Methods Thirty facial silicone explants were added in the nasal and perioral regions of each head, and their volumes were obtained by three different algorithms. These were compared with the actual values obtained by a “water displacement” method. Results The least mean error was found with the “tetrahedron formation” method followed by the “projection” method and the “back-plane construction” method. The error with the tetrahedron formation method was 0.071 cm3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.074 to 0.2161 cm3) with the in vitro models and 0.314 cm3 (95% CI: −0.080 to 0.708 cm3) with the in vivo models. The increased volumetric assessment error observed in vivo was attributed to the registration procedure and possible changes in facial expression. Conclusions These results encourage the use of this method in the 3D assessment of orthognathic surgical outcome, provided a standardized facial expression is used for image acquisition.
Morphology of the Auditory Tube and Palatal Muscles in a Case of Bilateral Cleft Palate
Authors: Arnold W. H. , Nohadani N. , Koch K. H. H. 
Published: March 2005

Objective There is an increased incidence of otitis media in children with cleft palate, which may be related to the pathology of the auditory tube and palatal muscles. In the present study, the head of a human on term born fetus with bilateral palatal cleft was serially sectioned and the anatomy of the auditory tube and palatal muscles were studied by computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction. Results The results showed a nearly horizontal course of the auditory tube. The tensor veli palatini muscle had a bony attachment on either side. The levator veli palatini muscle also showed an abnormal course. Conclusions This abnormal course may result in obstruction of the auditory tube during contraction. These pathological findings may explain the higher frequency of otitis media in children with cleft palate.
Rac2-Deficient Hematopoietic Stem Cells Show Defective Interaction with the Hematopoietic Microenvironment and Long-Term Engraftment Failure
Authors: Jansen Michael , Yang Feng-Chun , Cancelas José A. , Bailey Jeff R. , Williams David A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe hematopoietic-specific Rho GTPase, Rac2, regulates a variety of cellular functions including cell shape changes, motility, integrin-dependent adhesion, and apoptosis. In the study reported here, we demonstrate that wild-type (WT) hematopoietic stem cells/progenitors (HSC/P) preferentially engraft in nonablated Rac2−/− bone marrow. In addition, primitive Rac2−/− HSC/P transplanted into lethally irradiated WT recipients showed a significant competitive defect compared with WT cells. These defects appeared to be related to HSC/P-intrinsic defective microenvironment interactions, since Rac2−/− cells showed less adhesion to the femur bone marrow density 1 (FBMD-1) stromal cell line, a lower frequency of cobblestone area–forming cells, and lower performance in long-term marrow cultures in vitro when compared with WT cells. In contrast, primitive Rac2−/− hematopoietic cells exhibited normal progenitor colony formation in semisolid medium in vitro and normal proliferation in the steady state in vivo when compared with WT cells. Taken together, these data suggest that Rac2−/− stem/progenitor cells exhibit abnormal interaction with the hematopoietic microenvironment, which leads to defective long-term engraftment.
Inequivalent representations of geometric relation algebras
Authors: Givant Steven 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIt is shown that the automorphism group of a relation algebra constructed from a projective geometry P is isomorphic to the collineation group of P. Also, the base automorphism group of a representation of over an affine geometry D is isomorphic to the quotient of the collineation group of D by the dilatation subgroup. Consequently, the total number of inequivalent representations of , for finite geometries P, is the sum of the numberswhere D ranges over a list of the non-isomorphic affine geometries having P as their geometry at infinity. This formula is used to compute the number of inequivalent representations of relation algebras constructed over projective lines of order at most 10. For instance, the relation algebra constructed over the projective line of order 9 has 56,700 mutually inequivalent representations.
Decomposition and infima in the computably enumerable degrees
Authors: Downey Rodney G. , Laforte Geoffrey L. , Shore Richard A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractGiven two incomparable c.e. Turing degrees a and b, we show that there exists a c.e. degree c such that c = (a ∪ c) ∩ (b ∪ c), a ∪ c ∣ b ∪ c, and c < a ∪ b.
Solovay models and forcing extensions
Authors: Bagaria Joan , Bosch Roger 
Published: March 2005

Abstract.We study the preservation under projective ccc forcing extensions of the property of L(ℝ) being a Solovay model. We prove that this property is preserved by every strongly- absolutely-ccc forcing extension, and that this is essentially the optimal preservation result, i.e., it does not hold for absolutely-ccc forcing notions. We extend these results to the higher projective classes of ccc posets, and to the class of all projective ccc posets, using definably-Mahlo cardinals. As a consequence we obtain an exact equiconsistency result for generic absoluteness under projective absolutely-ccc forcing notions.
On Kueker simple theories
Authors: Shami Ziv 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe show that a Kueker simple theory eliminates ∃∞ and densely interprets weakly minimal formulas. As part of the proof we generalize Hrushovski's dichotomy for almost complete formulas to simple theories. We conclude that in a unidimensional simple theory an almost-complete formula is either weakly minimal or trivially-almost-complete. We also observe that a small unidimensional simple theory is supersimple of finite SU-rank.
Synthesis, characterization and biological properties of vanadyl(IV) complexes of diclofenac and indomethacin: an experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Williams Patricia A. M. , Molinuevo María S. , Okulik Nora , Jubert Alicia H. , Etcheverry Susana B. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTwo new vanadyl(IV) complexes with the non‐steroidal antiinflammatory drugs Indomethacin and Diclofenac were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, electronic, diffuse reflectance and FTIR spectroscopies and thermal behavior. The structures of the oxo‐vanadium(IV) complexes were obtained by carrying out ab initio calculations (B3LY/3–21G**) owing to the difficulties of obtaining single crystals of good quality for X‐ray studies. Indomethacin and Diclofenac did not cause any effect when tested on cellular proliferation in two osteoblast‐cell lines in culture (MC3T3E1 and UMR106). The biological effect of the complexes depends on the cellular type and on the nature of the coordinated ligands. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of beam theory and finite‐element analysis with in vivo bone strain data from the alligator cranium
Authors: Metzger Keith A. , Daniel William J.T. , Ross Callum F. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe mechanical behavior of the vertebrate skull is often modeled using free‐body analysis of simple geometric structures and, more recently, finite‐element (FE) analysis. In this study, we compare experimentally collected in vivo bone strain orientations and magnitudes from the cranium of the American alligator with those extrapolated from a beam model and extracted from an FE model. The strain magnitudes predicted from beam and FE skull models bear little similarity to relative and absolute strain magnitudes recorded during in vivo biting experiments. However, quantitative differences between principal strain orientations extracted from the FE skull model and recorded during the in vivo experiments were smaller, and both generally matched expectations from the beam model. The differences in strain magnitude between the data sets may be attributable to the level of resolution of the models, the material properties used in the FE model, and the loading conditions (i.e., external forces and constraints). This study indicates that FE models and modeling of skulls as simple engineering structures may give a preliminary idea of how these structures are loaded, but whenever possible, modeling results should be verified with either in vitro or preferably in vivo testing, especially if precise knowledge of strain magnitudes is desired. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.