bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioefficacy and mode‐of‐action of aglaroxin A from Aglaia elaeagnoidea (syn. A. roxburghiana) against Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura
Authors: Koul Opender , Singh Gurmeet , Singh Rajwinder , Multani J.S. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe bioefficacy of aglaroxin A from Aglaia elaeagnoidea (syn. A. roxburghiana) was assessed using the gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), and Asian armyworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The compound exhibited strong growth inhibition in a diet bioassay, with 0.67 p.p.m: and 0.78 p.p.m. of the compound reducing growth by 50% in H. armigera and S. litura neonate larvae, respectively, whereas a growth inhibition of 95% was achieved at 2.36 p.p.m: and 2.41 p.p.m., respectively; this was comparable to azadirachtin treatments used as a control. Aglaroxin A was toxic to various stadia. Nutritional analysis revealed the antifeedant properties of the compound; however, nutritional indices indicated that the reduction in growth of the larvae was not entirely due to starvation, but partly due to the toxic effects of the ingested compound. This was further confirmed in topical treatments. When relative growth rate was plotted against relative consumption rate, the growth efficiency of larvae fed on a diet containing aglaroxin A was significantly less than that of control larvae. These results further indicate that aglaroxin A acts as both antifeedant and chronic toxin. Morphologically deformed or partially pupated insects were obtained after 5th instar larvae were treated with aglaroxin A. Such developmental inhibition during ecdysis was not due to depletion of the moulting hormone, as treated larvae, when provided with exogenous 20‐hydroxyecdysone, did not show any recovery from the effect. However, it is obvious from the present findings that aglaroxin A activity does not absolutely follow the pattern of azadirachtin or the more related compound rocaglamide known in lepidopterans.
Bilateral intraosseous adenoid cystic carcinoma of the mandible: report of a case with lung metastases at first clinical presentation
Authors: Capodiferro S , Scully C , Lacaita MG , Lo Muzio L , Maiorano E , Favic G 
Published: March 2005

Objective:  Malignant epithelial tumours arising in the jaws are very rare. Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) represents approximately 7.5% of all carcinomas and only a few cases of intraosseous (central) ACC have been reported in the literature.Materials:  The salient clinico‐pathological features of a case of ACC, bilaterally occurring in the mandible of a young caucasian woman who also had lung metastases are reported to appropriately characterize such unusual lesions and discriminate them from other tumours that more commonly affect the mandible.Results:  The patient presented with a painful swelling of the right retro‐molar area and paraesthesia of the ipsilateral lower lip and radiological investigations disclosed bilateral radiolucent lesions of the mandible with unequivocal signs of malignancy but without intra‐lesional calcifications or association with teeth roots or cystic component. Conventional histological examination disclosed typical ACC with solid and cribriform growth patterns and extensive infiltration of the adjacent tissues.Conclusions:  The diagnosis of intraosseous malignant salivary gland type neoplasms is very difficult in view of their rarity and lack of specific signs and mainly achieved after histological examination and complete clinico‐radiological work up. As surgical treatment of the patient was not indicated, due to extensive neoplastic disease, the patient is being controlled with multimodal treatment, including chemo‐ and radiotherapy and is alive with persistent disease 3 years after the original diagnosis.
The effects of chewing areca/betel quid with and without cigarette smoking on oral submucous fibrosis and oral mucosal lesions
Authors: Yang Y‐H , Lien Y‐C , Ho P‐S , Chen C‐H , Chang JSF , Cheng T‐C , Shieh T‐Y 
Published: March 2005

Objectives:  The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk of areca/betel quid chewing with or without cigarette smoking on oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and other oral mucosal lesions.Methods:  A stratified case–control study was designed. There were in total 102 patients with oral mucosal lesions or OSF (confirmed pathologically) in the case group. OSF (n = 62) and oral mucosal lesions (n = 62) in 102 subjects were separately analyzed for men and women investigating their risks.Results:  For OSF, people with both smoking and chewing habits had a statistically significant odds ratio (OR) 8.68 (95% CI = 1.87, 40.23). For the group of people with chewing habit only and without any lifetime cigarette smoking habit, the OR was 4.51 (95% CI = 1.20, 16.94). For other oral mucosal lesions, people with mixed habits and chewing only had also significant risks (OR = 8.37 and 3.95, respectively). For both OSF and other oral lesions, the ORs of mixed habits and chewing only were both higher in women than in men.Conclusions:  The areca/betel quid used in Taiwan does not contain any tobacco product. The only way of areca/betel quid could synergize with any tobacco product is through cigarette smoking. A statistically significant association with oral mucosal lesions and OSF was still found in the group of areca/betel quid chewing only.
The effects of acute and chronic lithium treatment on rat submandibular salivation
Authors: Popović J , Kršljak E , Grbović L , Stojić D 
Published: March 2005

Objective:  Acute and chronic actions of lithium on salivation induced by agonists associated with receptor‐linked hydrolysis of membrane inositol phospholipids (carbachol and phenylephrine) and by agonist linked to activation of adenylate cyclase (isoproterenol) were investigated.Material and methods:  In anaesthetized rats, submandibular salivation induced by intravenous injection of carbachol, phenylephrine and isoproterenol, was measured and expressed as volume of fluid (μl) elicited per 100 mg wet weight of each gland per minute. The experiments were repeated after acute and chronic treatment of lithium (7 mg kg−1). The results were analysed with unpaired t‐test.Results:  Chronic, but not acute lithium treatment significantly decreases carbachol‐ and phenylephrine‐induced salivation while isoproterenol‐induced salivation was not changed neither after acute nor after chronic administration of lithium.Conclusion:  The results suggest that hyposalivation during chronic lithium therapy could be mediated by alterations in the phosphatidylinositol cycle and a consequent lack of inositol after agonist stimulation.
Tai Chi in Australia: acceptable and effective approach to improve balance and mobility in older people?
Authors: Hill Keith , Choi Whanseok , Smith Robyn , Condron Joanna 
Published: March 2005

Objective:  To evaluate the effects of 24 form Tai Chi Quan (TCQ) on balance and related measures, and factors associated with participation in the program. Methods:  Twenty‐three older subjects (mean age 71.0 years, SD 5.6 years) commenced the three times weekly 1 h TCQ sessions. Subjects were measured on balance (Functional Reach, Step Test), gait (velocity, double support phase duration), activity level, leg muscle strength, and the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES) before and following the 3 month program. Participants also completed a survey investigating participation and perceived benefit of the program. Results:  Nineteen participants completed the program, averaging attendance at 68% of classes. There was significant improvement in balance (Step Test, P < 0.01) and non‐significant improvement in gait double support duration (P = 0.04), Functional Reach (P = 0.04) and activity level (P = 0.06). Most participants incorporated some home practice as well as the formal program, and reported both the physical (balance) components and remembering sequences of movements as the most challenging aspects of the program.Conclusions: Twenty‐four form TCQ is a practical form of exercise for older people that improves dynamic balance performance.
Cohousing for older people: housing innovation in the Netherlands and Denmark
Authors: Bamford Greg 
Published: March 2005

Objective:  The aim of this paper is to elucidate cohousing for older people. Method:  The research is based on a literature review and interviews (in English) with residents of seven schemes in the Netherlands and Denmark, a social housing organisation and several researchers in the field (in 1995 and 2002). Results and Conclusions:  Cohousing for older people is now well established in its countries of origin – Denmark and the Netherlands – as a way for older people to live in their own house or unit, with a self‐chosen group of other older people as neighbours, with shared space and facilities they collectively determine or control. As more such housing is built and occupied it has become easier to choose and assess this option. It remains to be seen how widespread its appeal will be, but cohousing for older people is now a valued housing niche.
Resource Letter EMAA-2: Laboratory experiences for elementary astronomy
Authors: Kruglak Haym 
Published: March 2005

Prepared at the request of the AAPT Editorial Board for Resource Letters. This is one of a series of Resource Letters on different topics intended to guide college physicists, astronomers, and other scientists to some of the literature and other teaching aids that may help improve course contents in specified fields. No Resource Letter is meant to be exhaustive and complete; in time there may be more than one Letter on some of the main subjects of interest. Comments on these materials as well as suggestions for future topics will be welcomed. Please send such communications to Professor Aaron Owens, Editor, Resource Letter Board, Department of Physics, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022.
N o t a t i o n: The letter E after an item number indicates elementary level; the letter I indicates intermediate level; and the letter A indicates advanced material. An asterisk (*) indicates those references we feel to be especially helpful.
R e p r i n t s: When ordering, request Resource Letter EMAA-2. Enclose 75 cents per copy (not in stamps) together with a stamped and self-addressed envelope and send to Melba Phillips, Acting Executive Officer, American Association of Physics Teachers, Graduate Physics Building, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794.
Resource Letter RC-1: Cosmology
Authors: Ryan Michael P. , Shepley L. C. 
Published: March 2005

Prepared at the request of the AAPT Editorial Board for Resource Letters. This is one of a series of Resource Letters on different topics intended to guide college physicists, astronomers, and other scientists to some of the literature and other teaching aids that may help improve course contents in specified fields. No Resource Letter is meant to be exhaustive and complete; in time there may be more than one letter on some of the main subjects of interest. Comments on these materials as well as suggestions for future topics will be welcomed. Please send such communications to Professor Aaron Owens, Editor, Resource Letter Board, Department of Physics, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, Illinois 60045.
N o t a t i o n: The letter E after an item number indicates elementary level; the letter I indicates intermediate level; and the letter A indicates advanced material. An asterisk (*) indicates those references we feel to be especially helpful.
R e p r i n t s: When ordering, request Resource Letter RC-1. Enclose 75 cents per copy (not in stamps) together with a stamped and self-addressed envelope and send to Melba Phillips, Acting Executive Officer, American Association of Physics Teachers, Graduate Physics Building, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794.
Resource letter MENP-1: Medium energy nuclear physics
Authors: Sternheim Morton M. , Koch Justus H. 
Published: March 2005

Prepared at the request of the AAPT Editorial Board for Resource Letters. This is one of a series of Resource Letters on different topics intended to guide college physicists, astronomers, and other scientists to some of the literature and other teaching aids that may help improve course contents in specified fields. No Resource Letter is meant to be exhaustive and complete; in time there may be more than one letter on some of the main subjects of interest. Comments on these materials as well as suggestions for future topics will be welcomed. Please send such communications to Professor Aaron Owens, Editor, Resource Letter Board, Department of Physics, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, Illinois 60045.
Notation: The letter E after an item number indicates elementary level; the letter I indicates intermediate level; and the letter A indicates advanced material. An asterisk (*) indicates those references we feel to be especially helpful.
Reprints: When ordering, request Resource Letter MENP-1. Enclose 50 cents per copy (not in stamps) together with a stamped and self-addressed envelope and send to Arnold A. Strassenburg, Executive Officer, American Association of Physics Teachers, Graduate Physics Building, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794. Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794.
Resourse Letter TLA−2: Technology, literature, and the arts, contemporary
Authors: Davenport William H. 
Published: March 2005

Prepared at the request of the AAPT Editorial Board for Resource Letters. This is a supplement to one of a series of Resource Letters on different topics intended to guide college physicists, astronomers, and other scientists to some of the literature and other teaching aids that may help improve course contents in specified fields. No Resource Letter is meant to be exhaustive and complete; in time there may be more than one letter or supplement on some of the main subjects of interest. Comments on these materials as well as suggestions for future topics will be welcomed. Please send such communications to Professor Arthur R. Quinton, Editor, Resource Letter Board, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002.
Reprints: When ordering, request Resource Letter TLA−2, enclose 50 cents per copy (not in stamps) together with a stamped and self−addressed envelope to Arnold A. Strassenburg, Executive Officer, American Association of Physics Teachers, Drawer AW, Stony Brook, New York 11790.
Bactericidal Activity of Colicin V Is Mediated by an Inner Membrane Protein, SdaC, of
Escherichia coli
Authors: Gérard Fabien , Pradel Nathalie , Wu Long-Fei 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

Colicin V (ColV) is a peptide antibiotic that kills sensitive cells by disrupting their membrane potential once it gains access to the inner membrane from the periplasmic face. Recently, we constructed a translocation suicide probe, RR-ColV, that is translocated into the periplasm via the TAT pathway and thus kills the host cells. In this study, we obtained an RR-ColV-resistant mutant by using random Tn
10
transposition mutagenesis. Sequencing analysis revealed that the mutant carried a Tn
10
insertion in the
sdaC
(also called
dcrA
) gene, which is involved in serine uptake and is required for C1 phage adsorption. ColV activity was detected both in the cytoplasm and in the periplasm of this mutant, indicating that RR-ColV was translocated into the periplasm but failed to interact with the inner membrane. The
sdaC
::Tn
10
mutant was resistant only to ColV and remained sensitive to colicins Ia, E3, and A. Most importantly, the
sdaC
::Tn
10
mutant was killed when ColV was anchored to the periplasmic face of the inner membrane by fusion to EtpM, a type II integral membrane protein. Taken together, these results suggest that the SdaC/DcrA protein serves as a specific inner membrane receptor for ColV.
Nosocomial Outbreak Caused by
Salmonella enterica
Serotype Livingstone Producing CTX-M-27 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase in a Neonatal Unit in Sousse, Tunisia
Authors: Bouallègue-Godet Olfa , Salem Youssef Ben , Fabre Laëtitia , Demartin Marie , Grimont Patrick A. D. , Mzoughi Ridha , Weill François-Xavier 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

In this study, we report an outbreak of
Salmonella enterica
serotype Livingstone resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins that occurred in a neonatal ward of the maternity department of Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia, in 2002. A total of 16 isolates were recovered from 16 babies hospitalized in the ward during the period 1 to 16 July. All these babies developed diarrhea, and three of them developed septicemia. All the isolates demonstrated resistance to ceftriaxone and ceftazidime due to the production of an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). The isolates were also resistant to aminoglycosides (kanamycin, tobramycin, netilmicin, gentamicin, and amikacin) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. DNA profiles were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using the XbaI and SpeI endonucleases and by ribotyping with PstI digestion. They yielded the same patterns, showing that the outbreak was caused by a single clone. The ESBL was identified as CTX-M-27 by sequencing of PCR products and by isoelectric focusing. The ESBL resistance was transferred by a 40-kb conjugative plasmid. The mobile insertion sequence IS
Ecp1
was found to be located upstream of
bla
CTX-M-27
in the same position as that known for a
bla
CTX-M-14
sequence. A new gene named
dfrA21
, encoding resistance to trimethoprim and carried by a 90-kb plasmid, was characterized. The
dfrA21
gene was inserted as a single resistance cassette in a class I integron. The babies were treated with colistin, and all except two recovered. The outbreak came to an end when appropriate actions were taken: patient isolation, hand washing, and disinfection of the ward.
Establishment of a Universal Size Standard Strain for Use with the PulseNet Standardized Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Protocols: Converting the National Databases to the New Size Standard
Authors: Hunter Susan B. , Vauterin Paul , Lambert-Fair Mary Ann , Van Duyne M. Susan , Kubota Kristy , Graves Lewis , Wrigley Donna , Barrett Timothy , Ribot Efrain 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

The PulseNet National Database, established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1996, consists of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns obtained from isolates of food-borne pathogens (currently
Escherichia coli
O157:H7,
Salmonella
,
Shigella
, and
Listeria
) and textual information about the isolates. Electronic images and accompanying text are submitted from over 60 U.S. public health and food regulatory agency laboratories. The PFGE patterns are generated according to highly standardized PFGE protocols. Normalization and accurate comparison of gel images require the use of a well-characterized size standard in at least three lanes of each gel. Originally, a well-characterized strain of each organism was chosen as the reference standard for that particular database. The increasing number of databases, difficulty in identifying an organism-specific standard for each database, the increased range of band sizes generated by the use of additional restriction endonucleases, and the maintenance of many different organism-specific strains encouraged us to search for a more versatile and universal DNA size marker. A
Salmonella
serotype Braenderup strain (H9812) was chosen as the universal size standard. This strain was subjected to rigorous testing in our laboratories to ensure that it met the desired criteria, including coverage of a wide range of DNA fragment sizes, even distribution of bands, and stability of the PFGE pattern. The strategy used to convert and compare data generated by the new and old reference standards is described.
Identification of
Mycobacterium
Species by
secA1
Sequences
Authors: Zelazny Adrian M. , Calhoun Leslie B. , Li Li , Shea Yvonne R. , Fischer Steven H. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

We describe a novel molecular method for the differentiation and identification of 29 mycobacterial species. The target is the
secA1
gene that codes for the essential protein SecA1, a key component of the major pathway of protein secretion across the cytoplasmic membrane. A 700-bp region of the
secA1
gene was amplified and sequenced from 47 American Type Culture Collection strains of 29
Mycobacterium
species as well as from 59 clinical isolates. Sequence variability in the amplified segment of the
secA1
gene allowed the differentiation of all species except for the members of the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(MTB) complex, which had identical sequences. A range of 83.3 to 100% interspecies similarity was observed. All species could also be differentiated by their amino acid sequences as deduced from the sequenced region of the
secA1
gene, with the exception of the MTB complex. Partial sequences of
secA1
from clinical isolates belonging to nine frequently isolated species of mycobacteria revealed a very high intraspecies similarity at the DNA level (typically >99%; range, 96.0 to 100%); all clinical isolates were correctly identified. Comparison of the deduced 233-amino-acid sequences among clinical isolates of the same species showed between 99.6 and 100% similarity. To our knowledge, this is the first time a secretion-related gene has been used for the identification of the species within a bacterial genus.
Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Shiga Toxin Gene (
stx
1
)-Positive
Escherichia coli
O26:H11: a New Concern
Authors: Ishii Yoshikazu , Kimura Soichiro , Alba Jimena , Shiroto Katsuaki , Otsuka Masanobu , Hashizume Naotaka , Tamura Kazumichi , Yamaguchi Keizo 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
strain TUM2139 was isolated from a stool sample from a 9-year-old girl on 16 June 2004. This strain was categorized as Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) because the Shiga-like toxin gene
stx
1
was detected by immunochromatography and PCR assay. The strain was highly resistant to cefotaxime (256 μg/ml) and was also resistant to cefepime, cefpodoxime, ceftriaxone, and aztreonam. In the presence of 4 μg of clavulanic acid per ml, the MIC of cefotaxime decreased to ≤0.12 μg/ml, indicating that this strain was an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producer. Cefotaxime resistance was transferred to
E. coli
C600 by conjugation at a frequency of 3.0 × 10
−6
. A PCR assay was performed with primer sets specific for TEM-type and SHV-type ESBLs and for the CTX-M-2 (Toho-1), CTX-M-3, and CTX-M-9 groups of ESBLs. A specific signal was observed with the primer set specific for the CTX-M-9 group of β-lactamases. This β-lactamase was confirmed to be the ESBL CTX-M-18 by DNA sequencing. This is the first report of an ESBL-producing STEC isolate.
Molecular Epidemiology of Norovirus Infections in Stockholm, Sweden, during the Years 2000 to 2003: Association of the GGIIb Genetic Cluster with Infection in Children
Authors: Lindell Annika Tiveljung , Grillner Lena , Svensson Lennart , Wirgart Benita Zweygberg 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT
The incidence of norovirus-associated gastroenteritis and the molecular epidemiology of norovirus strains were studied during three seasons (2000-2001, 2001-2002, and 2002-2003) among patients of all ages, mainly from the Stockholm region in Sweden. A total of 3,252 fecal samples were analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR. The incidences of norovirus infection among adults were 23, 26, and 30% during the three seasons studied and 18, 11, and 15% among children 0 to 15 years of age. During the first season, all norovirus strains detected by PCR were typed either by reverse line blot hybridization or nucleotide sequence analysis. During the two successive seasons, a total of 60 norovirus-positive strains from the beginning, peak, and end of the seasons were selected for nucleotide sequence analysis. We identified two dominant norovirus variants over the seasons: a new norovirus variant, recently described as the GGIIb genetic cluster, dominated among children during the first season, and during the following two seasons, a GGII-4 variant dominated. Our data suggest that norovirus infections are common, not only among adults, but also among children, and that some strains may predominantly affect children.