bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of residual neuroblastoma cells in bone marrow: Comparison of flow cytometry with immunocytochemistry
Authors: Swerts Katrien , De Moerloose Barbara , Dhooge Catharina , Brichard Bénédicte , Benoit Yves , Laureys Geneviève , Philippé Jan 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDBecause the cytomorphologic examination of bone marrow (BM) aspirates appears not sensitive enough to detect residual neuroblastoma cells, two four‐color flow cytometric assays using different combinations of CD9, CD81, CD56, CD45, and anti‐GD2 were evaluated.METHODSThe sensitivity of the flow cytometric assays was assessed by spiking experiments in normal peripheral blood samples. Twenty‐eight BM samples, 12 biopsies, and 3 peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) preparations from 22 patients with neuroblastoma were analyzed. The results were compared with those of an anti‐GD2 immunocytochemical reference assay.RESULTSFlow cytometric and immunocytochemical analyses showed residual neuroblastoma cells in four BM samples. One PBSC preparation and 20 BM samples were negative for both assays. Four BM and two PBSC samples scored positive for the immunocytochemical assay but were negative for the flow cytometric tests. This was due to the limited number of cells that were flow cytometrically analyzed. A strong correlation between the flow cytometric and immunocytochemical tests was found (χ2 = 6.4, P = 0.011).CONCLUSIONSWhen an equal amount of cells is analyzed, the sensitivity of the flow cytometric assays is to be about 10 times lower than that of the immunocytochemical test. However, the flow cytometric assays can be used to screen for residual cells in clinical samples with a sensitivity of one neuroblastoma cell in 104 to 105 normal mononuclear cells. Flow cytometry is simple, quick, and cost effective compared with immunocytochemistry. In addition, the flow cytometric assays can be used to screen for residual neuroblastoma cells in case of a GD2‐negative primary tumor. Therefore we recommend flow cytometry for the detection of residual neuroblastoma cells. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CD46‐mediated costimulation induces a Th1‐biased response and enhances early TCR/CD3 signaling in human CD4+ T lymphocytes
Authors: Sánchez Alejandra , Feito Maria Jose , Rojo José M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe role of membrane cofactor protein (MCP, CD46) on human T cell activation has been analyzed. Coligation of CD3 and CD46 in the presence of PMA or CD28 costimuli enhanced IL‐2, IFN‐γ, or IL‐10 secretion by CD4+ T lymphocytes. The effect of CD46 on IL‐10 secretion did not require additional costimuli like anti‐CD28 antibodies or phorbol esters. CD46 also enhanced IL‐2 or IFN‐γ secretion by CD4+ blasts. In contrast, IL‐5 secretion was inhibited upon CD46‐CD3 coligation, in all the cells analyzed. These effects were independent of IL‐12 and suggest that CD46 costimulation promotes a Th1‐biased response in human CD4+ T lymphocytes. CD46 enhanced TCR/CD3‐induced tyrosine phosphorylation of CD3ζ and ZAP‐70, as well as the activation of the ERK, JNK, and p38, but did not modify intracellular calcium. The effect of specific inhibitors shows that enhanced ERK activation contributes to augmented IFN‐γ and lower IL‐5 secretion and, consequently, to the Th1 bias. Cross‐linking CD46 alone induced weak tyrosine phosphorylation of CD3ζ and ZAP‐70. However, CD46 cross‐linking by itself did not induce cell proliferation or lymphokine secretion, and pretreatment of CD4+ T lymphocytes with anti‐CD46 antibodies did not significantly alter TCR/CD3 activation.
Anti‐tumor MHC class Ia‐unrestricted CD8 T cell cytotoxicity elicited by the heat shock protein gp96
Authors: Goyos Ana , Cohen Nicholas , Gantress Jennifer , Robert Jacques 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn Xenopus as in mammals, gp96 stimulates MHC‐restricted cellular immunity against chaperoned minor histocompatibility (H) antigens (Ag). In adult Xenopus, gp96 also elicits peptide‐specific effectors against MHC class Ia‐negative 15/0 tumors. To determine whether gp96 can generate functionally heterogeneous CD8+ effectors (CTL that kill MHC class Ia+ minor H‐Ag‐disparate lymphoblasts and MHC class Ia– tumor targets), LG‐6 isogenetic frogs were immunized with gp96 purified either from MHC‐identical but minor H‐Ag‐disparate LG‐15 normal tissues or from the MHC class Ia‐negative 15/0 tumor line (derived from LG‐15 frogs). LG‐15 normal liver‐derived gp96 did not induce detectable CD8+ in vitro killing against 15/0 tumor cells. However, 15/0‐derived gp96 did induce killing against both MHC class Ia+ LG‐15 lymphoblasts and the MHC class Ia– 15/0 tumor, but not against another MHC class Ia– tumor (B3B7) or against LG‐6 lymphoblasts. Tumor killing was better when 15/0 rather than normal LG‐15 irradiated stimulators were used, but in vitro stimulation without prior in vivo immunization was ineffective. These data suggest that (1) 15/0‐derived gp96 chaperones minor H‐Ag shared with normal LG‐15 lymphocytes and elicits MHC‐restricted CTL, and (2) 15/0‐derived gp96, but not normal liver‐derived gp96, generates CD8+ effectors that kill 15/0 tumor cells in the absence of MHC class Ia expression.
Lactobacilluscasei reduces CD8+ T cell‐mediated skin inflammation
Authors: Chapat Ludivine , Chemin Karine , Dubois Bertrand , Bourdet‐Sicard Raphaëlle , Kaiserlian Dominique 
Published: July 2004

AbstractProbiotics, including Lactobacilli, have been postulated to alleviate allergic and inflammatory diseases, but evidence that they exert an anti‐inflammatory effect by immune modulation of pathogenic T cell effectors is still lacking. The aim of this study was to examine whether L. casei could affect antigen‐specific T cell‐mediated skin inflammation. To this end, we used contact hypersensitivity to the hapten 2,4‐dinitrofluorobenzene, a model of allergic contact dermatitis mediated by CD8+ CTL and controlled by CD4+ regulatory T cells. Daily oral administration of fermented milk containing L. casei or L. casei alone decreased skin inflammation by inhibiting the priming/expansion of hapten‐specific IFN‐γ‐producing CD8+ effector T cells. The down‐regulatory effect of the probiotics required the presence of CD4+ T cells, which control the size of the hapten‐specific CD8+ T cell pool primed by skin sensitization. L. casei cell wall was as efficient as live L. casei to regulate both the CHS response and the hapten‐specific CD8+ T cell response, suggesting that cell wall components contribute to the immunomodulatory effect of L. casei. This study provides the first evidence that oral administration of L. casei can reduce antigen‐specific skin inflammation by controlling the size of the CD8+ effector pool.
Expression of individual immunoglobulin genes occurs in an unusual system consisting of multiple independent loci
Authors: Eason Donna D. , Litman Ronda T. , Luer Carl A. , Kerr William , Litman Gary W. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractHumoral immunity is effected through the rearrangement of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes in individual somatic cells committed to the B lymphocyte lineage. Haplotype or allelic exclusion restricts B lymphocytes to the expression of a single Ig receptor that can sustain further somatic modification. In most species, a specific Ig chain is encoded at a single genetic locus. However, in cartilaginous fish, hundreds of independent Ig heavy‐ (IgH) and Ig light‐chain (IgL) gene loci are present, many of which are joined in the germ line. Ig gene transcripts have been amplified from single peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from the clearnose skate (Raja eglanteria) using reverse‐transcription PCR, and a single productive IgH transcript was detected in the majority of cells analyzed. Similarly, only a single IgL transcript was detected in over half of the individual cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that a mechanism for haplotype exclusion arose early in the evolution of antibody diversity and is independent of a single genetic locus.
Interplay between cell division and cell death during TCR triggering
Authors: Boissonnas Alexandre , Combadiere Behazine 
Published: July 2004

AbstractCell death is crucial to avoid excessive T cell expansion. During primary T cell expansion in response to pathogen or after vaccination, the amount of foreign Ag determines the degree of clonal amplification and death. Here, we studied the balance between cell proliferation and death, as well as susceptibility to cell death, during TCR triggering. After priming of CD4 T cells from AND‐TCR (Vβ3, Vα11)‐transgenic mice with a high dose of pigeon cytochrome c peptide 88–104, the cell expansion rate was significantly reduced by marked clonal elimination compared to lower Ag doses, whereas the number of cell divisions reached was similar at all Ag doses. TCR re‐engagement on activated T cells induced cell death, irrespective of the dose of Ag encountered during primary stimulation. Surprisingly, commitment to apoptosis occurred as early as the first division on all dividing cells both in vitro and in vivo. This phenomenon was highly selective, as activated but non‐dividing cells did not undergo cell death, whereas cells that had divided once became susceptible to cell death. These findings have direct implications for the peripheral homeostatic mechanism following Ag challenge and for designing primary/booster vaccine strategies.
Hydroxamic Acids − An Intriguing Family of Enzyme Inhibitors and Biomedical Ligands
Authors: Marmion Celine J. , Griffith Darren , Nolan Kevin B. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis review on hydroxamic acids deals with their efficacy as inhibitors of enzymes including cyclooxygenases, their synthesis, the complexity and structural diversity of their metal complexes, and their ability to act as effective nitric oxide donors. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Heat‐ and Light‐Induced Spin Transition of an Iron(II) Polymer Containing the 1,2,4,5‐Tetrakis(diphenylphosphanyl)benzene Ligand
Authors: Rosa Patrick , Debay Amy , Capes Laurence , Chastanet Guillaume , Bousseksou Azzedine , Le Floch Pascal , Létard Jean‐François 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA new iron(II) spin‐crossover compound containing a phosphane ligand has been synthesized and characterized by magnetic susceptibility, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and heat capacity and photomagnetic experiments. The [Fe(tppb)Br2] complex [tppb = 1,2,4,5‐tetrakis(diphenylphosphanyl)benzene] exhibits a gradual spin conversion at T1/2 = 184 K, and displays at low temperature a partial photoconversion of the low‐spin (LS) state into the metastable high‐spin (HS) state by irradiating the sample at 530 nm. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
The essential oil of Stachys laetivirens Kotschy & Boiss. ex Rech. ﬁl., endemic in Turkey
Authors: Duman Hayri , Kartal Murat , Altun Levent , Demirci B. , Başer K. Hüsnü Can 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWater‐distilled essential oil from aerial parts of Stachys laetivirens Kotschy & Boiss. ex Rech. ﬁl. (Labiatae) was analysed by GC and GC/MS. Sixty‐one compounds were characterized representing 85.4% of the oil. The main constituents were found to be nonacosane (23.1%) and phytol (17.9%). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Essential oil composition of Juniperus chinensis from the plains of northern India
Authors: Raina V. K. , Srivastava S. K. , Syamsundar K. V. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe volatile leaf oil of Juniperus chinensis L., gown as ornamental tree in the plains of northern India, was examined by GC and GC‐MS. Thirty‐three components representing 94.8% of the oil were characterized with sabinene (19.8%), elemol (18.6%), bornyl acetate (17.5%) and limonene (14.2%) as major constituents. The oil was found to be polymorphic neither for cedrene/thujopsene/cedrol (typical juniper wood oil components) nor for phenolics such as methyl chavicol, safrole, methyl eugenol and elemicin, derived from phenyl propanoid pathway. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical composition of the essential oils from Turkish and Honduras Styrax
Authors: Fernandez Xavier , Lizzani‐Cuvelier Louisette , Loiseau André‐Michel , Perichet Christine , Delbecque Claire , Arnaudo Jean‐François 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe essential oil composition of two different styrax gums, Asian and American were analysed by GC and GC‐MS. Fifty‐eight components representing more than 99.4% of the oil from Asian styrax gum and 57 components representing more than 99% of the oil from American styrax gum were identiﬁed. The major components were styrene (70.4 and 30.9% respectively), α‐pinene (19.4 and 19.6%) and β‐caryophyllene (0.2 and 20.2%) for the two oils. These results show that we could identify an Asian from an American styrax by relative amounts of styrene and β‐caryophyllene in the essential oils. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The essential oil composition of Pinus mugo Turra from Serbia
Authors: Stevanovic Tatjana , Garneau Francois‐X. , Jean France‐I. , Gagnon Hélène , Vilotic Dragica , Petrovic Slobodan , Ruzic Nenad , Pichette André 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe chemical composition of the essential oil of the needles and twigs of dwarf pine (Pinus mugo Turra) growing wild in Serbia was investigated. The oil was analysed by GC/MS and the major constituents found were δ‐3‐carene (23.9%), α‐pinene (17.9%), β‐pinene (7.8%) and β‐phellandrene (7.2%). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of potent aroma compounds in Chrysanthemum coronarium L. (Garland) using aroma extract dilution analysis
Authors: Zheng Cheng Hao , Kim Tae Hwan , Kim Kyoung Heon , Leem Yong Hoon , Lee Hyong Joo 
Published: July 2004

AbstractVolatile compounds of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. (Garland) from Korea were isolated and analysed by simultaneous distillation–extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, respectively. Myrcene (31.9%) was the most abundant compound, followed by α‐bisabolol (16.5%), (E,E)‐α‐farnesene (11.0%) and (E)‐β‐farnesene (8.4%). Eighteen aroma‐active compounds were detected by aroma extract dilution analysis conducted on two GC columns with different polarities. (Z)‐3‐Hexenal (green/apple), (E)‐2‐hexenal (green/fruity), methional (boiled potato/roasty), myrcene (metallic/plastic), nonanal (green/waxy) and (E,Z)‐2,6‐nonadienal (cucumber) showed high ﬂavour dilution factors of 33–35 on both columns. Because no single characteristic impact compound represented the total aroma characteristics of C. coronarium, the aroma is considered to be determined by a combination of various aroma‐active compounds with different aroma properties. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Das Geräusch, das aus der Farbe kommt
Authors: Fastl Hugo , Patsouras Christine 
Published: July 2004

AbstractVisuelle und akustische Eindrücke werden in der subjektiven Wahrnehmung des Menschen miteinander verbunden. Geräusche und Bilder — ihr neuartiges Zusammenspiel legt die Grundlage für eine Optimierung von Produkten
Interview mit einer Honigbiene
Authors: Tautz Jürgen , Riederer Markus 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWaben unterstützen den Informationsaustausch eines Bienenvolks. Im dunklen Bienenstock werden Vibrationssignale ausgesendet und empfangen. So entsteht eine Kommunikation, die einem modernen „Telefonnetz”︁ Pate stehen könnte
Floxed allele for conditional inactivation of the voltage‐gated sodium channel Scn8a (Nav1.6)
Authors: Levin Stephen I. , Meisler Miriam H. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe sodium channel gene Scn8a encodes the channel NaV1.6, which is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system. NaV1.6 is the major channel at the nodes of Ranvier in myelinated axons. Mutant alleles of mouse Scn8a result in neurological disorders including ataxia, tremor, paralysis, and dystonia. We generated a floxed allele of Scn8a by inserting loxP sites around the first coding exon. The initial targeted allele containing the neo‐cassette was a severe hypomorph. In vivo deletion of the neo‐cassette by Flp recombinase produced a floxed allele that generates normal expression of NaV1.6 protein. Ubiquitous deletion of the floxed exon by Cre recombinase in ZP3‐Cre transgenic mice produced the Scn8adel allele. The null phenotype of Scn8adel homozygotes confirms the in vivo inactivation of Scn8a. Conditional inactivation of the floxed allele will make it possible to circumvent the lethality that results from complete loss of Scn8a in order to investigate the physiologic role of NaV1.6 in subpopulations of neurons. genesis 39:234–239, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Control of bract formation in Drosophila: poxn, kek1, and the EGF‐R pathway
Authors: Layalle Sophie , Ragone Gianluca , Giangrande Angela , Ghysen Alain , Dambly‐Chaudière Christine 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSummary: In Drosophila, the sensory organs are formed by cells that derive from a precursor cell through a fixed lineage. One exception to this rule is the bract cell that accompanies some of the adult bristles. The bract cell is derived from the surrounding epidermis and is induced by the bristle cells. On the adult tibia, bracts are associated with all mechanosensory bristles, but not with chemosensory bristles. The differences between chemosensory and mechanosensory lineages are controlled by the selector gene pox‐neuro (poxn). Here we show that poxn is also involved in suppressing bract formation near the chemosensory bristles. We have identified the gene kek1, described as an inhibitor of the EGF‐R signaling pathway, in a screen for poxn downstream genes. We show that kek1 can suppress bract formation and can interfere with other steps of sensory development, including SMC determination and shaft differentiation. genesis 39:246–255, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficient DNA cassette exchange in mouse embryonic stem cells by staggered positive‐negative selection
Authors: Long Qiaoming , Shelton Kathy D. , Lindner Jill , Jones Julie R. , Magnuson Mark A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractRecombinase‐mediated cassette exchange (RMCE), when applied to mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, promises to increase the ease with which genetic alterations can be introduced into targeted genomic loci in the mouse. However, existing selection strategies for identifying ES cells in which replacement DNA cassettes from a carrier plasmid have been exchanged correctly into a defined locus are suboptimal. Here, we report the generation in mouse ES cells of a loxed cassette acceptor (LCA) allele within the glucokinase (gk) gene locus. Using the gkLCA as a test allele, we developed a staggered positive‐negative selection strategy that facilitates efficient identification of ES cell clones in which a DNA replacement cassette from a carrier plasmid has been exchanged correctly into the gkLCA allele. This selection strategy, by facilitating more efficient production of ES cell clones with various replacement DNA cassettes, should accelerate targeted repetitive introduction of gene modifications into the mouse. genesis 39:256–262, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New class of Son‐of‐sevenless (Sos) alleles highlights the complexities of Sos function
Authors: Silver Serena J. , Chen Fangli , Doyon Laura , Zink Andrina Williams , Rebay Ilaria 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Son‐of‐sevenless (Sos) encodes a complex multidomain protein best known for its role in activating the small GTPase RAS in response to receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) stimulation. Much less well understood is SOS's role in modulating RAC activity via a separate GEF domain. In the course of a genetic modifier screen designed to investigate the complexities of RTK/RAS signal transduction, a complementation group of 11 alleles was isolated and mapped to the Sos locus. Molecular characterization of these alleles indicates that they specifically affect individual domains of the protein. One of these alleles, SosM98, which contains a single amino acid substitution in the RacGEF motif, functions as a dominant negative in vivo to downregulate RTK signaling. These alleles provide new tools for future investigations of SOS‐mediated activation of both RAS and RAC and how these dual roles are coordinated and coregulated during development. genesis 39:263–272, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcription cofactor Vgl‐2 is required for skeletal muscle differentiation
Authors: Chen Hsiao‐Huei , Maeda Tomoji , Mullett Steven J. , Stewart Alexandre F.R. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractTEF‐1 transcription factors regulate gene expression in skeletal muscle but are not muscle‐specific. Instead, TEF‐1 factors rely on the muscle‐specific cofactor Vestigial‐like 2 (Vgl‐2), a protein related to Drosophila vestigial. Previously, we showed that Vgl‐2 promotes skeletal muscle differentiation and activates muscle‐specific promoters. However, the mechanism whereby Vgl‐2 regulates TEF‐1 factors and the requirement for Vgl‐2 for muscle‐specific gene expression were not known. In Drosophila, vestigial alters DNA binding specificity of the TEF‐1 homolog scalloped to drive wing and flight muscle‐specific gene expression. Here, gel mobility shift assays show that Vgl‐2 differentially affects DNA binding of different TEF‐1 factors. Using an antisense morpholino, we blocked the expression of Vgl‐2 and a muscle‐specific gene in the myogenic C2C12 cell line and in chick embryos by electroporation. These results demonstrate that Vgl‐2 is required for muscle gene expression, in part by switching DNA binding of TEF‐1 factors during muscle differentiation. genesis 39:273–279, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypervolemic hypertension in mice with systemic inactivation of the (floxed) guanylyl cyclase‐A gene by αMHC‐Cre‐mediated recombination
Authors: Skryabin Boris V. , Holtwick Rita , Fabritz Larissa , Kruse Markus N. , Veltrup Ilka , Stypmann Jörg , Kirchhof Paulus , Sabrane Karim , Bubikat Alexander , Voβ Melanie , Kuhn Michaela 
Published: July 2004

AbstractTo dissect the tissue‐specific functions of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), we recently introduced loxP sites into the murine gene for its receptor, guanylyl cyclase‐A (GC‐A), by homologous recombination (tri‐lox GC‐A). For either smooth‐muscle or cardiomyocyte‐restricted deletion of GC‐A, floxed GC‐A mice were mated to transgenic mice expressing Cre‐recombinase under the control of the smooth‐muscle SM22 or the cardiac αMHC promoter. As shown in these studies, Cre‐mediated recombination of the floxed GC‐A gene fully inactivated GC‐A function in a cell‐restricted manner. In the present study we show that αMHC‐Cre, but not SM22‐Cre, with high frequency generates genomic recombinations of the floxed GC‐A gene segments which were transmitted to the germline. Alleles with partial or complete deletions were readily recovered from the next generation, after segregation of the Cre‐transgene. We took advantage of this strategy to generate a new mouse line with global, systemic deletion of GC‐A. Doppler‐echocardiographic and physiological studies in these mice demonstrate for the first time the tremendous impact of ANP/GC‐A dysfunction on chronic blood volume homeostasis. genesis 39:288–298, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.