bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathological and Biochemical Studies on Experimental Hypothyroidism in Growing Lambs
Authors: Sokkar S. M. , Soror A. H. , Ahmed Y. F. , Ezzo O.H. , Hamouda M. A. 
Published: March 2003

SummarySecondary iodine deficiency was experimentally produced in growing male lambs by oral administration of 50 mg/kg bodyweight of Thiourea daily for 3.5 months. At the end of the experiment the animals became weak, emaciated, anaemic, significantly reduced in body weight with facial oedema and alopecia at thigh, legs and abdomen. The clinical analysis showed significant reduction in erythrocyte and leucocyte numbers and in levels of triiodothyronine and testosterone at the end of the experiment. The histopathological picture of the thyroid gland revealed hyperplasia of the follicle‐lining epithelial cells which project into the lumen. The lumens of the follicles are devoid of colloid. The testes showed ill‐developed small, empty seminiferous tubules. In the liver, the hepatocytes showed degeneration and vacuolation with proliferation of Kupffer cells, which contain haemosiderin pigment. The kidney showed glomerular lipidosis with accumulation of haemosiderin pigment in the cytoplasm of the renal tubules. Hyperkeratosis of the epidermis associated with excessive keratin formation within the hair follicles was detected. In conclusion, deficiency of iodine causes hypothyroidism which leads to retardation of growth, reduced wool production and interferes with sexual maturity of growing male lambs.
Effects of Thymomimetic Drugs and Zinc Supplementation on the Cellular Immune Response in Hydrocortisone‐suppressed Mice
Authors: Obmińska‐Domoradzka B. , Szczypka M. , Dębowy J. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe studies were carried out on Balb/c mice (5–6 weeks of age) exposed to immunosuppression by a single intraperitoneal dose (125 mg/kg) of hydrocortisone. Prior to hydrocortisone injection the mice were treated with diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) intra‐peritoneally at a dose of 20 mg/kg, five times at 48 h intervals or calf thymus extract (TFX) at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 10 times at 24 h intervals. The two drugs were used per se or in zinc ions interactions, by adding zinc ions (as sulphate salt) to drinking water at a dose of 72 μg/mouse per day. The results obtained in the study show that hydrocortisone injection drastically decreases the number of thymocytes and splenocytes, which is also accompanied by a decreasing weight ratio of the thymus and spleen. The decreasing number of thymic and spleen cells corresponds to a decreasing percentage of CD4+, CD8+ and CD19+ splenocytes and double positive CD4+CD8+ thymocytes. Changes in the number of thymic cells affect their activity, which is expressed in a decreased proliferative response of thymocytes stimulated in vitro with concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). It has also been found that a single hydrocortisone dose decreases interleukin (IL)‐1 production by murine intraperitoneal macrophages stimulated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli. TFX or DTC counteract hydrocortisone‐induced immunosuppression, which is expressed in partial normalization of the total number of thymic and spleen cells, accelerated regeneration of the two lymphatic organs, shorter suppressive action of hydrocortisone on the percentage of CD4+, CD8+ splenocytes and double positive (CD4+CD8+) and CD4+ thymocytes. Furthermore, total counteraction against the suppressive action of hydrocortisone to proliferative activity of thymocytes stimulated in vitro with Con A and PHA was observed. TFX administered prior to hydrocortisone injection partially prevented the suppressive action of the drug on IL‐1 production by intraperitoneal macrophages, but such an effect was not observed with DTC. The immunorestorative effect of TFX and DTC was augmented by zinc supplementation. The results obtained in the study show that neither TFX nor DTC administration per se and in interaction with zinc supplementation were able to change the suppressive effect of hydrocortisone on the percentage of B splenocytes (CD19+ cells).
Efficacy of Ivermectin Delivered via a Controlled‐Release Capsule against Small Lungworms (Protostrongylidae) in Sheep
Authors: Rehbein S. , Visser M. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryTo evaluate the efficacy of an ivermectin controlled‐release capsule (CRC), which delivers 1.6 mg ivermectin per day intraruminally for 100 days to sheep weighing 40–80 kg (IVOMEC® MaximizerTMCR Capsule for adult sheep, Merial), against small lungworms two studies with 48 naturally infected adult female Merino Landrace sheep were conducted. The sheep were allocated by restricted randomization based on bodyweight to untreated controls or received an ivermectin CRC. Eight sheep per group were necropsied 35, 70 or 105 days post‐treatment. Lungworms were recovered by dissection or peptic digestion of the lungs. Baermann/Wetzel technique was used for faecal lungworm larval counts at weekly intervals. The efficacy of treatment was 100% against Dictyocaulus filaria and Protostrongylus rufescens (P < 0.05) at each necropsy day. The efficacy against Protostrongylus brevispiculum, Cystocaulus ocreatus and Neostrongylus linearis increased from 35 to 105 days after administration of the CRC and was found to be 100% (P < 0.01), 96.6% (P < 0.01) or 99% (P < 0.01), respectively, at 105 days post‐treatment. The reductions of Muellerius capillaris counts varied and were 96.2% (P < 0.05) at 70 days post‐treatment and 44.6% (P > 0.1) at 105 days post‐treatment. Faecal lungworm larvae disappeared nearly completely from at least 3 weeks after the ivermectin CRC administration for all protostrongylid species including M. capillaris so that pasture infectivity will be subsequently significantly reduced.
Investigations into Possible Alternative Decontamination Methods for Salmonella enteritidis on the Surface of Table Eggs
Authors: Davies R. H. , Breslin M. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryInvestigations into various alternative techniques for decontamination of the surfaces of artificially contaminated shell eggs were carried out. Ionized air, exposure to ozone in a dry atmosphere and use of a commercial herbal antibacterial product were not effective. Application of ozone in a humid environment was only partially effective but a commercial ionized water anolyte was highly effective in eliminating Salmonella from egg surfaces.
Comparison of Etest with the broth microdilution method in susceptibility testing of yeast isolates against four antifungals
Authors: Nedret Koç A. , Gökahmetògˇlu Selma , Ògˇuzkaya Müge 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA comparative evaluation of the Etest and the broth microdilution methods for antifungal susceptibility testing of 102 clinical yeast isolates against amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole was conducted. The agreements between the Etest and the broth microdilution methods were 93.1% for amphotericin B 85.2% for ketoconazole, 82.3% for itraconazole and 79.4% for fluconazole. These results suggest that the Etest approach to antifungal susceptibility testing may be a viable alternative to the NCCLS reference methods for testing yeasts, but that further evaluations are needed.
In vitro susceptibilities of 11 clinical isolates of Exophiala species to six antifungal drugs
Authors: Meletiadis J. , Meis J. F. G. M. , De Hoog G. S. , Verweij P. E. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe antifungal activities of miconazole, terbinafine, itraconazole, UR 9825, voriconazole and amphotericin B against 11 clinical isolates of Exophiala spp. were tested by the broth microdilution method. All drugs were very active against Exophiala spp.. The 90% minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC90) ranged from 0.125 to 1 μg ml−1. Terbinafine was the most active drug against Exophiala spinifera, Exophiala dermatitidis and Exophiala castellanii and seems to be a promising agent in the treatment of infections caused by these fungi.
AFSS: Athlete's foot severity score. A proposal and validation
Authors: Cohen A. D. , Wolak A. , Alkan M. , Shalev R. , Vardy D. A. 
Published: March 2003

Summary.  We developed a simple scoring system to evaluate the severity of tinea pedis (Athlete's foot severity score, AFSS). The AFSS consists of a clinical evaluation, using a three‐point scale, of erythema and scaling in the plantar and interdigital spaces of the feet, and counts of interdigital spaces involved. Each foot is evaluated separately. The validity of the AFSS was assessed in 224 soldiers of the Israel Defense Force using mycological cultures as the main outcome measure and subjective assessment of pruritus as the secondary outcome measure. Mycological examinations were performed in 106 patients who had clinical evidence of tinea pedis. AFSS was significantly associated with culture results (P<0.0001), as well as with the presence of pruritus (P=0.002), and pruritus scores (P=0.025). We conclude the AFSS is valid for the clinical evaluation of tinea pedis severity in military settings. The application of AFSS to civilian morbidity should be subjected to further evaluation.AFSS: Schweregrad‐Beurteilung des Athletenfußes. Ein Vorschlag
Mycological and histological investigations in humans with middle ear infections*
Authors: Vennewald I. , Schönlebe J. , Klemm E. 
Published: March 2003

Summary The aim of our investigations was to characterize fungal colonization of the ear in immunocompetent patients. From 1993 to 2000, 128 patients supposed to suffer from otomycosis were included. Mycological examination conducted by direct microscopy and fungal cultures was performed on 139 specimens. Among these, 115 patients suffered from chronic otitis media with persisting tympanum perforation and otorrhea. A further 13 patients had clinical signs of an otitis externa only. Out of 139 samples, fungi were identified in the auditory canal (n = 54), on the tympanic membrane (n = 5), and in the middle ear (n = 5). Two‐thirds were as moulds and one‐third yeasts. The dominating species were Aspergillus niger and Candida parapsilosis. Samples from 15 patients supposed to have mastoiditis or cholesteatoma were examined histologically. Fungal hyphae were observed in the middle ear cavity and/or between horny lamellae of cholesteatoma in four patients. In the middle ear of immunocompetent patients chronic‐hyperplastic (polypoid) inflammation was detected with increased production of mucus, which probably promotes colonization by pathogenic fungi in the middle ear as well as in the auditory canal. In vasive fungal growth into the subepithelial connective tissue was not observed.
A major gene for flowering time in almond
Authors: Socias R. ,   i Company, Felipe A. J. , Aparisi J. Gómez 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAlmond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch) is the earliest temperate fruit species to bloom. This restricts the economic growing of almond to frost free regions. Most almond‐breeding programmes aim to develop lateflowering cultivars in order to avoid frost damage and take advantage of higher temperatures which are favourable for pollination and fertilization. Flowering time is generally considered to be inherited quantitatively but a single gene conferring very late flowering in a qualitative way has been identified in several progenies tracing back to a single mutant, ‘Tardy Nonpareil’. The effect of this allele has been studied in three progenies, showing that the effect of this major gene is modified by minor genes, quantitatively inherited, and probably influenced by inbreeding.
Molecular markers and their applications in wheat breeding
Authors: Gupta P. K. , Varshney R. K. , Sharma P. C. , Ramesh B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn recent years, considerable emphasis has been placed on the development of molecular markers to be used for a variety of objectives. This review attempts to give an account of different molecular markers—restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), sequence‐tagged sites (STS), DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and microsatellites (STMS)—currently available for genome mapping and for tagging different traits in wheat. Other markers, including microsatellite‐primed polymerase chain reaction (MP‐PCR), expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are also discussed. Recent information on synteny in cereal genomes, marker‐assisted selection, marker validation and their relevance to cereal breeding in general and wheat breeding in particular are also examined.
Relationships between cold‐ and salt‐tolerance during seed germination in tomato: Germplasm evaluation
Authors: Foolad M. R. , Lin G. Y. , Quaslet C. O. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThirty tomato accessions representing six Lycopersicon species were evaluated for the rate of seed germination under no stress, cold‐stress and salt‐stress conditions. Most accessions responded similarly to both cold‐ and salt‐stress conditions (i.e. they were equally sensitive or tolerant to both stresses), however, a few accessions exhibited more sensitivity (or tolerance) to one stress than the other. In addition, some accessions that germinated relatively rapidly under non‐stress conditions exhibited great sensitivity to both cold stress and salt stress. Across accessions, significant (P < 0.01) positive phenotypic correlations were observed between germination rate under control and cold stress (rP= 0.89), control and salt stress (rP= 0.63) and cold stress and salt stress (rP= 0.77). The results indicate that the rate of tomato seed germination under non‐stress, cold‐ and salt‐stress conditions may be controlled by the same genes (or physiological mechanisms), but additional components may be involved which affect germination rate under specific stress conditions.
Inheritance of net photosynthesis and transpiration efficiency in spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L., under drought
Authors: Malik T. A. , Wright D. , Virk D. S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe inheritance of net photosynthesis and transpiration effciency in spring wheat under drought were studied in two years in order to determine their heritability. The parents, F1 and segregating generationsf (F1, BC1, BC1) of four crosses between each of two drought‐resistant and two drought‐susceptible genotypes were evaluated under drought in pots under glasshouse conditions. Measurements of gas exchange were made using a portable gas‐analysis system. Generation means and variance component analyses of the data suggested that these traits are simply inherited and controlled mainly by additive genetic variation. Narrow‐sense heritability estimates varied between crosses from 61% to 84% for net photosynthesis and from 88% to 89% for transpiration effciency.
Effect of ethylene on Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated gene transfer to melon
Authors: Ezura H. , Yuhashi K.‐I. , Yasuta T. , Minamisawa K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe effect of ethylene on gene transfer mediated by an Agrobacterium tumefaciens harbouring a binary vector with the β‐glucuronidase (uid A) gene was investigated in melon, Cucumis melo L. Explants excised from melon cotyledons produced ethylene, the production of which was increased by the addition of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC, 20 or 200 μM), and inhibited by the addition of aminoethoxy‐vinylglycin (AVG, 10 μM). Agrobacterium inoculation of explants increased ethylene production, while application of AVG during inoculation reduced it. After 4 days of co‐cultivation with Agrobacterium, gene transfer in the explants was assayed by transient uid A expression. Application of ACC to the co‐cultivation medium reduced Agrobacterium‐mediated gene transfer to explants and that of AVG increased it. These results suggest that ethylene affects the A. tumefaciens‐mediated gene transfer to the explants excised from melon cotyledons, and the efficiency of Agrobacterium‐mediated gene transfer can be improved by inhibiting ethylene production from the explants.
Selection for sugar yield in sugar beet, Beta vulgaris, using different selection indices
Authors: Geidel H. , Weber W. E. , Mechelke W. , Haufe W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn sugar beet breeding, sugar yield is mainly influenced by root yield and sugar content. In this short communication several indices to select for both traits simultaneously are compared in order to find the best one. The indices are correlated with the base index of Williams (1962) from independent experiments. The indices differ in the amount of information necessary for the calculation of their weights. Three different series of each eight sites gave similar results. The optimum index using all information from phenotypic and genotypic variances and covariances, did not perform best. Sugar content with its higher herit ability must have a larger weight than root yield. Heritabilities as index weights performed best, but two other indices using heritabilities and phenotypic but no genetic covariances also performed well.
Marker‐assisted selection of common beans for resistance to common bacterial blight: efficacy and economics
Authors: Yu K , Park S. J. , Poysa V. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe possibility of using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers previously mapped in the common bean PC50/XANI59 population to select for resistance to common bacterial blight (CBB) in different populations was examined. Two out of 02 selected RAPD markers were polymorphic in HR56 and W0633d, the parental lines used in this experiment. Cosegregation analysis of the two polymorphic markers and disease reaction in a recombinant inbred (RI) population derived from HR67/W1744d confirmed that one of the two RAPD markers, BC420900, was significantly associated with a major quantitative trait locus‐conditioning resistance to CBB in HR67. This locus accounted for approximately 51) of the phenotypic variation. The RAPD marker was transformed into a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker and used for selection in a different population derived from ‘Envoy’/HR67. Prediction for resistance to CBB with the BC420.990 SCAR marker was 94.2% accurate in this population. A comparison between marker‐assisted selection (MAS) and conventional greenhouse screening showed that the cost of MAS is about one‐third less than that of the greenhouse test.
Diversity in seed quality traits of common bean populations from Basilicata (Southern Italy)
Authors: Piergiovanni A. R. , Cerbino D. , Gatta C. Della 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe diversity of nutritional and culinary traits in 21 populations of common bean from the Basilicata region was studied for three consecutive harvests (1995‐97). The results were compared with the six commercial cultivars widely grown in the region. Some populations deserve particular attention since they had large seeds, high protein content, low trypsin inhibitor levels and short cooking time. The cluster analysis showed that 18 populations clustered in two main groups and that the bush populations were clearly distinguishable from the climbing ones. When phaseolin type and some plant morphological traits were added to the nutritional and culinary traits to classify these populations, it was observed that they resembled the race Peru (Andean gene pool).
Inheritance of resistance to early blight disease in a diploid potato population
Authors: CHRIST B. J. , HAYNES K. G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEarly blight disease, caused by Alternaria solani Sorauer, is a serious disease of potato foliage and tubers that occurs in most potato‐growing regions world‐wide. Developing new potato cultivars with resistance to early blight may reduce losses in the field and in storage, and lessen the need for fungicide applications. A total of 280 clones, derived from 72 maternal half‐sib families from a diploid random‐mated hybrid population of Solarium phureja×Solarium stenotomum were examined for resistance to early blight. The clones that were evaluated in a replicated field trial for 2 years in Pennsylvania, USA, had similar early blight intensity both years. Significant differences were found among families, within families and for the interaction of years × within families. Broad‐sense heritability for resistance, measured as area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), was estimated as 0.73, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.65‐0.78, and narrow‐sense heritability was estimated as 0.61 ± 0.29 (P = 0.05). The correlation of AUDPC for early blight between years was 0.57 (P < 0.0001). These results suggest that this diploid population is worthy of use in breeding for early blight resistance.
The variability of (Z)‐ and (E)‐2‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy‐4‐methoxycinnamic acids and apigenin glucosides in diploid and tetraploid Chamomilla recutita
Authors: Repčák M. , Pastírová A. , Imrich J. , Š Vehlíková V. , Mártonfi P. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract(Z)‐ and (E)‐2‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy‐4‐methoxycinnamic acids (GM‐CA) belong to the main compounds of water‐alcoholic extracts of Chamomilla recutita. The quantities of GMCA and apigenin in anthodia (flower heads) of diploid and tetraploid C. recutita cultivars were studied. The ploidy of a plant does not significantly influence the percentage of GMCA, in contrast to the total GMCA content in anthodia of diploid and tetraploid cultivars. Progenies of selected tetraploid plants with significantly high (9.95 mg/g) and low (5.47 mg/g) contents of GMCA were also evaluated. The higher and lower values of GMCA were conserved in the progeny generation, with significant differences in GMCA content found between the two groups of progenies.
Mapping of a gene for leaf scald resistance in barley line ‘B87/14’ and validation of microsatellite and RFLP markers for marker‐assisted selection
Authors: Williams K. , Bogacki P. , Scott L. , Karakousis A. , Wallwork H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSeedlings of the barley line ‘B87/14’ were resistant to 22 out of 23 Australian isolates of Rhynchosporium secalis, the causal agent of leaf scald.‘B87/14’‐based populations were developed to determine the location of the resistance locus. Scald resistance segregated as a single dominant trait in BC1F2 and BC1F3 populations. Bulked segregant analysis identified amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) with close linkage to the resistance locus. Fully mapped populations not segregating for scald resistance located these AFLP markers on chromosome 3H, possibly within the complex Rrs1 scald locus. Microsatellite and restriction fragment length polymorphism markers adjacent to the AFLP markers were identified and validated for their linkage to scald resistance in a second segregating population, with the closest marker 2.2 cM from the resistance locus. These markers can be used for selection of the Rrs.B87 scald‐resistance locus, and other genes at the chromosome 3H Rrs1 locus.
Doubled haploid lines of Brassica carinata with modified erucic acid content through mutagenesis by EMS treatment of isolated microspores
Authors: Barro F. , Fernández‐Escobar J. , De La Vega M. , Martín A. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Brassica carinata is a potential oilseed crop for the Mediterranean area. Chemical mutagenesis has been applied to microspores of B. carinata with the purpose of identifying lines with altered erucic acid content. From a population of nearly 400 doubled haploid plants recovered, nine lines have been identified that exhibit promising useful changes in erucic acid concentration in the seed oil. Three lines showed erucic acid contents below 25%, with a minimum of 17.1%, and in six lines the level of this fatty acid was greater than 52%. Changes in other fatty acids are also described and discussed.