bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pylori Infection and Perforated Peptic Ulcer Prevalence of the Infection and Role of Antimicrobial Treatment
Authors: Gisbert Javier P. , Pajares José María 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACTAlthough the role of Helicobacter pylori infection on noncomplicated peptic ulcer disease has been definitively established, the precise relationship between the organism and complicated ulcer has hardly been studied. The mean prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with perforated peptic ulcer is of only about 65–70%, which contrasts with the almost 90–100% figure reported in noncomplicated ulcer disease. However, H. pylori infection rates in various studies range markedly from 0% to 100%, suggesting that differences in variables as number and type of diagnostic methods used to diagnose H. pylori infection, or frequency of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug intake, may be responsible for the low prevalence reported in some studies. Recurrent ulcer disease after peptic ulcer perforation mainly occurs in patients with H. pylori infection, which suggests that the microorganism plays an important role in this complication. All patients with perforated peptic ulcer should be treated by simple closure of the perforation and with therapy aimed at healing of the ulcer and eradicating the H. pylori infection, as disappearance of the organism prevents, or at least decreases, ulcer recurrence and ulcer perforation in patients with H. pylori‐associated perforated ulcers after simple closure. Therefore, H. pylori eradicating treatment should be started during the immediate postoperative period. The patients with intractable recurrent symptoms of peptic ulcer despite adequate medical treatment, but without H. pylori infection (e.g. a patient using nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs), is probably the only remaining indication for elective definitive surgical treatment of peptic ulcer disease.
Helicobacter pylori and Hepatitis a Virus Infection in School‐Aged Children on Two Isolated Neighborhood Islands in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Liang‐Kung , Hwang Shinn‐Jang , Wu Tzee‐Chung , Chu Chia‐Hsiang , Shaw Cheng‐Kuang 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACTBackground. The transmission routes of Helicobacter pylori and hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections have been extensively discussed in previous literature. However, whether H. pylori and HAV shared the same transmission pattern or not remains unclear. Lower socioeconomic status was recognized as a consistent risk factor to both infections. However, whether fecal‐oral transmission was a risk factor to both infections is still under debate.Materials and Methods. In 1996, we conducted a cross‐sectional study to evaluate the seroprevalence of antibody to H. pylori and HAV among the randomly selected school‐aged children (age between 13 and 15) on Green Island (n = 91) and Lanyu Island (n = 138) (two isolated neighborhood islands near Taiwan Main Island).Results. The seroprevalence of H. pylori and HAV on the Green Island were 82.4% and 5.5%, respectively. The seroprevalence of H. pylori and HAV on Lanyu Island were 71.0% and 90.6%, respectively. H. pylori seroprevalence of all children and the subgroup of 13‐year‐olds was significantly lower on Lanyu Island than Green Island. However, it was not significantly different in subgroups of 14‐ and 15‐year‐olds. HAV seroprevalence was significantly higher on Lanyu Island than Green Island among all children and in each age subgroup. The correlation of H. pylori infection and HAV infection did not demonstrate significant linear correlation on both islands.Conclusions. In conclusion, H. pylori and HAV infections in school‐aged children of 13–15 years of age on Green Island and Lanyu Island did not demonstrate significant correlation. The results of this study imply that H. pylori and HAV may share different transmission routes of infection.
Serologic Prevalence of Antibodies to Helicobacter pylori in Internationally Adopted Children
Authors: Miller Laurie C. , Kelly Natasha , Tannemaat Martijn , Grand Richard J. 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACTBackground. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been linked to gastritis, diarrhea, peptic ulcers, failure‐to‐thrive, anemia, as well as predisposition to gastric malignancies. Because many internationally adopted children have diarrhea, failure‐to‐thrive, and anemia on arrival to the US, we determined the prevalence of HP antibodies among these children.Methods. Serum samples from 226 unselected children from 18 countries who were evaluated in the International Adoption Clinic at New England Medical Center were tested for antibodies to H. pylori. The results of serologic screening were analyzed in relation to age at adoption, site of residence prior to adoption, weight and height, and the presence or absence of anemia, diarrhea, or intestinal parasites.Results. 31% of internationally adopted children had antibodies to H. pylori. The presence of H. pylori‐antibodies was associated with residence in an orphanage (vs. foster care) prior to adoption, older age at adoption, and coinfection with intestinal parasites. No direct effects on height or weight were identified; no associations with diarrhea or anemia were found.Conclusions. Internationally adopted children have a high incidence of exposure to H. pylori, as diagnosed serologically. Residence in an orphanage (compared with foster care), older age at adoption, and coinfection with intestinal parasites were more common among children seropositive for anti‐H. pylori antibodies.
The Association of Intestinal Parasitosis and H. Pylori Infection in Children and Adults from a Mexican Community with High Prevalence of Parasitosis
Authors: Torres Javier , Perez G. Perez , Ximenez C. , Muñoz L. , Camorlinga‐Ponce M. , Ramos F. , Gomez A. , Muñoz O. 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACTBackground. ABSTExperimental evidences have suggested that a Th1 response is unable to eliminate H. pylori colonization; whereas a Th2 response, like the one induced by vaccination, reduces H. pylori infection in animal models. Some parasitic infections induce a polarized Th2 response, which theoretically would favor a reduced H. pylori prevalence. The aim of this work was to study the possible association between parasitic infections and H. pylori prevalence.Materials and Methods. The study population included 120 children and 188 adults from a low socioeconomic level village. H. pylori prevalence was determined in serum by ELISA; parasitic infections were identified in feces by microscopic examination; and total serum IgE levels, as an indirect indicator of some parasitic infections, were determined by ELISA.Results. In children, H. pylori prevalence was no different between those with and without intestinal parasitic infection. By contrast, adults with intestinal parasitic infection had a significantly lower H. pylori prevalence than adults without parasites (62.6% compared with 80.4%; p = 0.006, OR 2.45). Also in adults, but not in children, total IgE levels were significantly higher in those without H. pylori infection than in those with H. pylori infection (p < 0.001).Conclusions. Intestinal parasitic infections and serum IgE levels showed an age‐dependent association with H. pylori prevalence. In adults, but not in children, intestinal parasitic infections and increased IgE levels where associated with a reduced H. pylori prevalence.
Is the Recurrence of Helicobacter pylori Infection After Eradication Therapy Resultant from Recrudescence or Reinfection, in Japan
Authors: Okimoto Tadayoshi , Murakami Kazunari , Sato Ryugo , Miyajima Hajime , Nasu Masaru , Kagawa Jiro , Kodama Masaaki , Fujioka Toshio 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACTBackground. Reinfection of Helicobacter pylori after eradication is rare in developed countries but most often occurs within 1 year. In the present study, we attempted to differentiate between reinfection and recrudescence of H. pylori strains between 6 months and 6 years after successful eradication in Japan, a country with a high prevalence of H. pylori infection.Materials and Methods. After successful eradication of H. pylori, 274 patients were followed up by endoscopy and urea breath test. In recurrent patients, H. pylori strains isolated initially and after recurrence were compared using PCR‐based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis.Results. Recurrence of H. pylori occurred in 15 of 274 patients (5.5%) at 6 months after eradication and the annual recurrence rate was 2.0% per patient year (between 1 and 6 years). PCR‐based RFLP analysis of H. pylori strains isolated initially and after recurrence showed that 62.5% (at 6 months) and 100% (after 1 years) of bacteria were of different strains.Conclusion. Reinfection of H. pylori was not as rare at 6 months after eradication as reported previously, and up to 6 years after eradication, the annual reinfection rate is 2.0% per patient year in Japan.
Prevention and Suppression of Helicobacter felis Infection in Mice Using Colostral Preparation with Specific Antibodies
Authors: Marnila Pertti , Rokka Susanna , Rehnberg‐Laiho Leena , Kärkkäinen Päivi , Kosunen Timo U. , Rautelin Hilpi , Hänninen Marja‐Liisa , Syväoja Eeva‐Liisa , Korhonen Hannu 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACTBackground. Specific antibodies against Helicobacter were enriched from the colostra of hyperimmunized cows. Efficacies of colostral control preparation and immune preparation containing specific antibodies against Helicobacter felis were studied in the prevention and treatment of experimental H. felis infection in mice.Materials and Methods. H. felis‐infected mice were given either immune or control preparation with or without complement or amoxicillin orally in four different trials. H. felis status was assessed on the basis of bacterial stainings, gastric histology and serum antibodies.Results. Immune, but not control preparation, prevented H. felis infection (p > 0.01), the efficacy being dependent on the presence of specific antibodies. In the trial on infected Balb/c mice treatment with immune preparation (p = 0.029) but not control preparation decreased the colonization of gastric antrum by H. felis. In the further trials with infected SJL‐mice, treatments with colostral preparations did not decrease colonization. Amoxicillin treatment decreased the colonization with trend‐setting significance (p = 0.056; infected mice as controls), whereas amoxicillin combined with immune preparation had a significant effect (p < 0.0005).Conclusions. Specific colostral antibodies were useful in the prevention of Helicobacter infection in a mouse model. The results of the treatment trials were controversial but a similar colostral immune preparation against H. pylori could be effective and useful in preventing infections in humans and during antibiotic treatment.
Mixed‐Infection of Antibiotic Susceptible and Resistant Helicobacter pylori Isolates in a Single Patient and Underestimation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
Authors: Kim Jae J. , Kim Jong G. , Kwon Dong H. 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACTAntibiotic resistance among Helicobacter pylori has been increasing worldwide and has begun to affect the overall efficacy of current antibiotic regimens adversely. We examined 220 pairs of H. pylori isolates obtained from both the antrum and corpus of separate patients; 109 (50%) harbored antibiotic‐resistant H. pylori: amoxicillin (0.5%), clarithromycin (5.9%), furazolidone (1.4%), metronidazole (45.5%), nitrofurantoin (1.4%), and tetracycline (6.8%). Heteroresistance among the two biopsy sites from each patient was present in 41 of the 109 patients (38%) with antibiotic resistant H. pylori (e.g. 34% with resistant strains would be misclassified as susceptible if a biopsy of the antrum alone used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing). DNA fingerprinting genotype analysis was carried out on the 41 pairs of isolates with heteroresistance. While different patients had different fingerprinting patterns, each pair of isolates showed identical or similar fingerprinting patterns. These results suggest that antibiotic‐resistant H. pylori typically develop from pre‐existing susceptible strain rather than coinfection with a different strain. The minor differences in genotype (degeneration of genotype) seen reflect one of the processes for development of genetic diversity in H. pylori. No biopsy single site can be considered representative for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils against Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Ohno Tomoyuki , Kita Masakazu , Yamaoka Yoshio , Imamura Shigeyoshi , Yamamoto Toshiro , Mitsufuji Shoji , Kodama Tadashi , Kashima Kei , Imanishi JirO 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACTBackground. Helicobacter pylori is an important pathogen responsible for gastroduodenal diseases in humans. Although the eradication of H. pylori using antibiotics often improves gastroduodenal diseases, resistance to the antibiotics is emerging.Materials and Methods. The antimicrobial effect of essential oils and the development of resistance to the essential oils were evaluated in vitro and in vivo.Results. Thirteen essential oils used in this study completely inhibited the growth of H. pylori in vitro at a concentration of 0.1% (v/v). Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) and Lippia citriodora (lemon verbena) were bactericidal against H. pylori at 0.01% at pH 4.0 and 5.0. Resistance to lemongrass did not develop even after 10 sequential passages, whereas resistance to clarithromycin developed under the same conditions. In in vivo studies, the density of H. pylori in the stomach of mice treated with lemongrass was significantly reduced compared with untreated mice.Conclusions. These results demonstrate that the essential oils are bactericidal against H. pylori without the development of acquired resistance, suggesting that essential oils may have potential as new and safe agents for inclusion in anti‐H. pylori regimens.
Helicobacter pylori Modulation of Gastric and Duodenal Mucosal T Cell Cytokine Secretions in Children Compared with Adults
Authors: Bontems Patrick , Robert Fabienne , Van Gossum André , Cadranel Samy , Mascart Françoise 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACTBackground. In contrast to adults, ulcers are un‐common in Helicobacter pylori‐infected children. Since immunological determinants influence the outcome of H. pylori infection, we have investigated mucosal T cell responses in H. pylori‐infected children and compared them with those of adults and negative controls.Material and Methods. Mucosal biopsies were obtained from 43 patients undergoing an upper GI endoscopy for dyspeptic symptoms. The concentrations of released cytokines and the density of CD3+, CD25+ and CD69+cells were evaluated by flow cytometry, and the numbers of cytokine‐secreting cells were measured by ELISPOT.Results. The numbers of isolated antral CD3+ lymphocytes were only significantly raised in infected adults compared with noninfected controls (p < 0.05), whereas the proportion of CD3+ cells expressing activation markers (CD25 or CD69) remained low. In the stomach, IFN‐γ concentrations increased in infected children and infected adults compared with controls (p < 0.05), but IFN‐γ concentrations were tenfold lower in children than in adults (p < 0.01). IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐10 and TNF‐α concentrations were similar in infected and in uninfected children and adults. In contrast, in the duodenum, IFN‐γ, as well as IL‐4 and IL‐10 concentrations were only increased in infected children compared with controls (p < 0.05). The concentrations of these cytokines were similar in both groups of adults who, however, like children, displayed a higher number of duodenal IL‐4‐secreting cells compared to controls (p < 0.05).Conclusion. These results suggest that IFN‐γ secretion in the stomach of H. pylori‐infected patients is lower in children than in adults. This could protect children from development of severe gastro‐duodenal diseases such as ulcer disease. In addition, infected patients are characterised by a dysregulation of the mucosal cytokine secretion at distance from the infection site.
CagA Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Gastric Epithelial Cells Caused by Helicobacter pylori in Patients with Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lai Yo‐Ping , Yang Jyh‐Chin , Lin Tzu‐Zung , Wang Jin‐Town , Lin Jaw‐Town 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACTBackground. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin‐associated protein of in gastric epithelial cells is reported. The goals of this study are first to examine the occurrence of CagA tyrosine phosphorylation in H. pylori strains isolated from patients with gastric adenocarcinoma and gastritis, and second to clarify the relationship between the diversity of tyrosine phosphorylation motifs and the presence of CagA tyrosine phosphorylation.Methods. Fifty‐eight clinical isolates of H. pylori from patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (29 cases) and gastritis (29 cases) were studied for CagA tyrosine phosphorylation by Western blotting. Sequence diversity of tyrosine phosphorylation motifs was analysed among positive‐ or negative‐CagA tyrosine phosphorylation isolates.Results. Positive CagA tyrosine phosphorylation was found in 93.1% (27 of 29) of strains from gastric adenocarcinoma patients and 51.7% (15 of 29) of strains from gastritis patients (p < 0.001). Intact motifs were found in H. pylori isolates with CagA tyrosine phosphorylation. Of the 16 negative CagA tyrosine phosphorylation isolates, intact tyrosine phosphorylation motifs were found in 15 isolates.Conclusions. CagA tyrosine phosphorylation, which is significantly greater in strains from gastric adenocarcinoma patients, may play a role in gastric carcinogenesis, and could be a better marker of more virulent strains than the cag pathogenicity island in Asia, where the cag pathogenicity island is present in nearly all H. pylori strains. Sequence diversity of tyrosine phosphorylation motifs on CagA was not related to the presence of tyrosine phosphorylation. The absence of tyrosine phosphorylation motif might result in negative tyrosine phosphorylation phenotypes, but such motifs are not the sole factors associated with CagA tyrosine phosphorylation.
Helicobacter pylori CagA Status, Mucosal Oxidative Damage and Gastritis Phenotype: A Potential Pathway to Cancer?
Authors: Farinati Fabio , Cardin Romilda , Russo Valentina M. , Busatto Graziella , Franco Monica , Rugge Massimo 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACTBackground. Oxidative DNA damage is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. H. pylori‐cagA‐positive strains are associated with the highest risk of gastric cancer.Aims. To ascertain whether cagA‐positive H. pylori infection correlates with higher concentrations of 8OHdG and the presence of precancerous changes.Patients and Methods. 118 patients were studied (65M/53F, age 61 ± 14 years). Twelve were H. pylori‐negative. Among the H. pylori‐positive patients, 34 were cagA‐positive and 40 were cagA negative. In 32 patients H. pylori had been eradicated at least 6 months before endoscopic sampling.The phenotype of the gastritis (atrophic compared with nonatrophic, with and without intestinal metaplasia) was scored in biopsy samples obtained from the antrum, corpus, and angularis incisura. In antral biopsy samples, 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine was assessed by HPLC (electrochemical detector). CagA status was determined by PCR.Results. The highest scores for both mononuclear inflammation and activity of gastritis were significantly associated with cagA status (p = 0.036 antrum and p = 0.02 corpus). cagA‐positive infection significantly correlated with a higher prevalence of atrophic‐metaplastic lesions (p = 0.04). cagA‐positive patients had higher 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels than both cagA‐negative and H. pylori‐negative cases (p = 0.01). The 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels were significantly higher in multifocal atrophic gastritis (p = 0.04). The odds ratio for cagA‐positive patients having 8OHdG levels above a cut‐off calculated on the basis of the ROC curves were 7.12, overall, reaching 11.25 when only patients younger than 50 were considered.Conclusions. cagA‐positive patients were characterized: first, for higher scores for gastritis, activity and atrophic and metaplastic lesions; and second for greater oxidative DNA damage overall, at younger age and in the presence of multifocal atrophy. This setting may represent a cancer‐prone biological context.
A Possible Role for Gap Junctions in Generation of Very Fast EEG Oscillations Preceding the Onset of, and Perhaps Initiating, Seizures
Authors: Traub Roger D. , Whittington Miles A. , Buhl Eberhard H. , LeBeau Fiona E. N. , Bibbig Andrea , Boyd Stewart , Cross Helen , Baldeweg Torsten 
Published: May 2003

Summary Purpose: We propose an experimentally and clinically testable hypothesis, concerning the origin of very fast (>∼70 Hz) EEG oscillations that sometimes precede the onset of focal seizures. These oscillations are important, as they may play a causal role in the initiation of seizures. Methods: Subdural EEG recordings were obtained from children with focal cortical dysplasias and intractable seizures. Intra‐ and extracellular recordings were performed in rat hippocampal slices, with induction of population activity, as follows: (a) bath‐applied tetramethylamine (an intracellular alkalinizing agent, that opens gap junctions); (b) bath‐applied carbachol, a cholinergic agonist; and (c) focal pressure ejection of hypertonic K+ solution. Detailed network simulations were performed, the better to understand the cellular mechanisms underlying oscillations. A major feature of the simulations was inclusion of axon‐axon gap junctions between principal neurons, as supported by recent experimental data. Results: Very fast oscillations were found in children before seizure onset, but also superimposed on bursts during the seizure, and on interictal bursts. In slice experiments, very fast oscillations had previously been seen on interictal‐like bursts; we now show such oscillations before, between, and after epileptiform bursts. Very fast oscillations were also seen superimposed on gamma (30–70 Hz) oscillations induced by carbachol or hypertonic K+, and in the latter case, very fast oscillations became continuous when chemical synapses were blocked. Simulations replicate these data, when axonal gap junctions are included. Conclusions: Electrical coupling between principal neurons, perhaps via axonal gap junctions, could underlie very fast population oscillations, in seizure‐prone brain, but possibly also in normal brain. The anticonvulsant potential of gapjunction blockers such as carbenoxolone, now in clinical use for treatment of ulcer disease, should be considered.