bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinship Structure and Reproductive Skew in Cooperatively Breeding Primates
Authors: Dietz James M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The question of how and why reproduction is distributed in social groups has become one of the primary focuses of research on cooperatively breeding animals. Empirical evidence used to develop and support various models predicting allocation of reproduction has come from long-term studies on several species of social insects, birds, and a few mammals, but relatively little from work on primates. Field studies have demonstrated that marmosets and tamarins (Callitrichidae) live in a diverse array of social groupings. The majority of breeding groups contain one reproductive male and female, but polygyny and polyandry have also been reported (e.g., Goldizen 1987, 1988; Baker et al. 1993; Dietz & Baker 1993; Digby & Ferrari 1994; Garber 1994). Breeding groups usually contain adult helpers, but intrasexual aggression is often unidirectional, with socially dominant individuals doing most breeding (Baker et al. 1993, Digby 1995b).
Constraints on Kin Selection in Primate Groups
Authors: Chapais Bernard , Belisle Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The central argument developed here is that kin selection theory (Hamilton 1964) describes what unconstrained individuals could potentially do to increase their inclusive fitness, not what they can actually do. Kin selection does not take into account the various constraints on nepotism that operate among individuals living with several kin. For this reason, although kin selection is a central and necessary component of a theory of kin favoritism, it can hardly predict how individuals should allocate their aid among their rela-tives in social groups.
Turning Points
Authors: Bremer Francis J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
November 1604. John Winthrop rode with his friend William Forth of Nayland to visit the latter ‘s kin at Great Stambridge, a parish in Rochford Hundred in southeast Essex. It was an odd time of year for such a journey since the days were short, the weather cold, and the roads poor. Their progress was slow, but they were in no hurry and passed the time talking about many things that interested them—their university studies, family news, the policies of the new king, James I. Being young men, they sympathized with each other over the constraints placed upon them by their age and circumstances. And they likely discussed young women they knew and their hopes for marriage. The two broke their journey with a stay at Graces, the Chelmsford home of John Winthrop ‘s Mildmay kin. There they were warmly entertained with food and drink. Family news was exchanged and national news discussed again, this time with their elders. The Mildmays had important connections at the royal court, and the young men were eager to hear what they had to say. Refreshed by their stay at Graces, the travelers resumed their journey. As they continued to ride south the landscape flattened out. Eventually they reached the coastal marshlands in which Great Stambridge was located.
The Power Elite, Public Policy, and Public Opinion
Authors: Domhoff G William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most theories concerning the structure and distribution of power in the United States accord public opinion at least a moderate degree of influence on policy outcomes, and some theories claim its impact is large. Many of the chapters in this volume are based primarily on correlational studies suggesting that changes in public opinion precede alterations in public policy. The presumed influence is said to occur through both direct lobbying by voluntary associations and, even more important, through the normal competitive pressures of the electoral process. However, these theories do not consider the possibility that public opinion on economic and foreign policy issues generally fluctuates within the narrow parameters shaped by wealthy and well-organized interests and thus matters only within these circumscribed limits.
Internal Medicine
Authors: Platt Frederic W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mr. Arnold is a 60-year-old architect who lives with his wife, one dog, and one cat. He considers himself generally well, but has diabetes, hyperten-sion, and recurrent backache. Today, he comes to see his physician, Dr. Xavier, because of a 3-day illness that consists of fever, productive cough with yellow sputum, and pain in the right side of his chest when he coughs or breathes deeply. He has been working with this same physician for 12 years and believes that the doctor knows him well and has his best interests at heart. His wife has also consulted Dr. Xavier in the past.
Developmental Perspectives
Authors: Kagan Jerome 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A deep understanding of adolescents or adults who have developed beliefs, habits, or moods that interfere with adaptation to their society is difficult because a large number of conditions make separate contributions to each particular in-dividual profile. Some conditions are biological; others are derivative of family experiences during the opening decade; still others are traceable to the social class of the child’s family, birth order, school performance, and the historical era during which the adolescent years are spent. And some events are unpredictable. If Justice Fortas had not been a member of the Supreme Court when Harry Truman was president, Lyndon Johnson would not have been elected to Congress; as a result, he probably would not have become president of the United States. If Charles Darwin’s uncle had not agreed to travel half a day to persuade Charles’s father to let his son go on the Beagle voyage, Al-fred Wallace might have been celebrated as the theorist of evolution.
Mindful Practice for Clinicians and Patients
Authors: Carson Shelley H , Langer Ellen J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The clinician in a primary care environment works in an atmosphere that rewards efficiency, speed, and productivity. Within this fast-paced environment with its multiple distractions and interruptions, it seems convenient and efficient for the therapist to rely on automatic or over-learned responses to oft-seen clinical symptoms. Overlearned responses, however, may be mindless in that they actually reduce efficiency by limiting the nature of the therapeutic intervention to mind-sets that may be stereotyped, repetitive, and contextually ineffective. In a similar vein, the patient may be responding mindlessly by inter-preting his or her current situation from a rigid and precategorized point of view that interferes with effective treatment. Increasing mindfulness rather than mindlessness can help patients recast their experiences in a different light as well as help clinicians approach patients’ problems from a different perspective.
Alcohol and Other Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Connors Gerard J , Stewart Scott H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Alcohol and other substance use disorders are among the most imposing problems facing health care systems today. This is particularly true in pri-mary care settings because alcohol and other sub-stance misuse is associated with a wide range of medical problems, including hypertension, diabe-tes, gastrointestinal disorders, sexually transmit-ted diseases, family violence, trauma, depression, anxiety, and thought disorders (Fleming & Man-well, 2000). Unfortunately, physicians and men-tal health professionals alike often fail to assess systematically for alcohol and other substance use disorders. Despite the lack of attention paid to addictive disorders in many clinical training pro-grams, psychologists are particularly well quali-fied to treat these problems (Miller & Brown, 1997); in particular, the primary care psycholo-gist can offer “low-threshold entry points” (Wash-burn, 2003) for patients who need alcohol or drug abuse treatment.
Dementia and Late-Life Depression
Authors: Callahan Christopher M , Austrom Mary G , Unverzagt Frederick W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Caring for older adults, particularly those suffer-ing from the common disorders of dementia and depression, presents a unique challenge to health care professionals for several reasons. First, older adults typically present with comorbid condi-tions. These comorbid conditions may include medical diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, or arthritis; nonspecific symptoms such as pain, fatigue, or insomnia; psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, or substance abuse; or tak-ing multiple medications with multiple side ef-fects. Second, older adults are more likely to pre-sent with chronic rather than acute conditions. The chronic nature of these conditions renders them more complex and potentially less amena-ble to treatment. Third, the goals of care often are more appropriately focused on functional in-dependence than longevity or cure. Diagnostic strategies, intervention, and treatments that might be appropriate for younger patients may be inap-propriate for any given older adult if they lower current quality of life to obtain uncertain long-term benefits. Fourth, negotiating goals of care of-ten involves not only the patient, but also family caregivers, other health care professionals involved in the patient’s treatments, and even third-party payers.
Personality Disorders: Old Dilemmas and New Tools for the Primary Care Psychologist
Authors: Haas Leonard J , Magill Michael K , Duncan David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The well-trained psychologist has considerable experience in the assessment and treatment of personality-disordered (Axis II) patients. Indeed, it would not be surprising if the majority of long-term patients in the average psychologist’s prac-tice were suffering from some degree of personal-ity disorder because psychotherapy has long been considered the treatment of choice for Axis II conditions. Nonetheless, this chapter will be use-ful to the primary care psychologist because the evidence base for assessing and treating personal-ity disorders has been rapidly expanding and is changing dramatically (although some old prob-lems have not yet been resolved); because person-ality disorders are prevalent in primary care; and because an appreciation of personality disorders is necessary for effectively treating the complex comorbid cases that emerge in primary care.
Somatoform Disorders
Authors: Servan-Schreiber David , Tabas Gary , Kolb Randall E , Haas Leonard J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although somatoform disorders are among the most common psychiatric conditions in primary care patient populations (Spitzer et al., 1994), they are not disorders that psychologists com-monly treat. This is largely because patients with these disorders resist considering their conditions as psychological; they are fixated on finding bio-logical causes for their suffering. When patients with somatoform disorders present themselves for mental health treatment, it is essential that the psychologist collaborate with the primary care clinician. This chapter explores the processes underlying somatoform disorders, reviews the ef-fective treatment of these disorders, and suggests ways in which the primary care psychologist can effectively collaborate with both the patient and the other clinicians involved in the patient’s care.
Anatomy of a Meteorological Monster
Authors: Emanuel Kerry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The early settlers of the New World were adept at describing the effects of hurricanes, but they were not able to form any conception of their structure. It was not until the early nineteenth century that naturalists began to accept the idea that hurricanes are vast vortices, or whirlwinds. In 1821, William Redfield, a New England saddler and amateur meteorologist, traveled through Connecticut to inspect the damage wrought by a hurricane that had raced northward through the mid-Atlantic states and New England. He noticed that although trees had fallen toward the northwest in the eastern part of the state, they pointed southeastward in the western part. He then hypothesized that hurricanes are giant whirlwinds, an idea that was soon supported by observations made by the British engineer William Reid, while surveying damage done by an 1831 hurricane in Barbados.
Hurricane Camille
Authors: Emanuel Kerry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On the night of Sunday, August 17, 1969, Hurricane Camille, one of the most violent storms ever to strike the United States, obliterated the Gulf coast of Mississippi, taking at least 150 lives and destroying whole towns and fishing fleets. Though the winds died down quickly after landfall, the circulation and its excessively wet core drifted northward and then eastward, where it encountered the Appalachian Mountains, precipitating a series of deluges that killed another 150 people. A close look at the meteorological circumstances suggests that, like many great disasters, Camille was the result of the confluence of several improbable events. On August 5, forecasters noticed an easterly wave moving off the coast of Africa. Over the next nine days, the wave tracked westward across the tropical Atlantic, with little change, but on the fourteenth, a Navy reconnaissance pilot recorded a central pressure of 999 mb (29.50’’) and surface winds of 25 m/s (55 mph). The next day the storm, now named Camille, reached hurricane strength, and late in the afternoon, as it approached Cuba, it was packing 50 m/s (115 mph) winds. Forecasters warned that Camille was the most intense Atlantic hurricane since Beulah of 1967. During the evening of the fifteenth, it crossed the western tip of Cuba, bringing 40 m/s (90 mph) winds and 25 cm (10 in) of rain.
Head-Final Languages
Authors: Julien Marit 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the preceding chapter, it was argued that complex words can be formed in syntax by head movement. For example, a verb root may head-move into its functional domain, so that functional morphemes end up as suffixes in a complex verbal word. It follows from this that if a complex verb form is built up by one or more applications of the head movement operation, the surface position of this verb must be at least as high as the head that represents the outermost morpheme in the verb form.
“Is Immortality True?”: Salvaging Faith in an Age of Upheavals
Authors: Eberwein Jane Donahue 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For those considering Emily Dickinson’s reaction to changes in New England’s religious culture in the middle and late decades of the nineteenth century, one grotesquely memorable poem becomes the almost inevitable proof-text: Editors Thomas Johnson and R. W. Franklin date this poem to 1882, though it calls to mind Dickinson images from the mid-1860s envisaging “The Funeral of God” (Fr 1112) when he would be “borne away / From Mansion of the Universe / A lifeless Deity” (Fr 195).
Lexical Access in Bilingual Production
Authors: Costa Albert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What is the impact of the lexical and sublexical representations of the language not in use on the bilingual’s speech production? Do words from the nonresponse language interfere in language production? In this chapter, I address these issues by comparing two different views of speech production in bilingual speakers: the language-specific and the language-nonspecific views. I focus on how these two views make different claims regarding the extent to which activation flow and selection processes are restricted to one of the two languages of a bilingual. I also discuss the available empirical evidence supporting each hypothesis and propose a tentative explanation that reconciles the seemingly contrasting results.
Language Selection in Bilinguals: Mechanisms and Processes
Authors: Meuter Renata F I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One fruitful approach to the study of the processes underlying language selection in bilinguals is the analysis of the costs associated with the act of switching from one to the other language. This chapter reviews the experimental findings concerning the cognitive processes that enable the configuration of a switch of language, as well as those that allow a language, once selected, to be maintained. The effects of relative proficiency and language context are evaluated, as is the role of monitoring, and are discussed in the context of current models of bilingual language processing.
The Integrated Literary Tradition
Authors: Nadel Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ellison’s connections to nineteenth-century American have been extensively discussed by numerous critics by Ellison himself. From his earliest days as a writer, as s collected essays make clear, Ellison was profoundly concerned with the literary canon and with his relation to it. The Collected Essays discusses at length, over a fifty-year period, the range of influences that forged Ellison’s personal canon out of canonical American literature. In “Twentieth-Century Fiction and the Mask of Black Humanity,” an essay written in 1946 just prior to his beginning work on Invisible Man, Ellison discusses the importance of Twain, Emerson, Thoreau, Whitman, and Melville from a perspective particularly unique in the 1940s: that these writers were significant because they understood, in the context of the social and political tensions of their times, that the Negro represented the call to their-and to their readers’-humanity. “This conception of the Negro as a symbol of Man,” Ellison explained, “-the reversal of what he represents in most contemporary thoughtwas organic to nineteenth-century literature” (CE 88). Thus “Huck Finn’s acceptance of the evil implicit in his ‘emancipation’ of Jim represents Twain’s acceptance of his personal responsibility for the condition of society” (CE 89).
Introduction: “The Republic for Which It Stands”
Authors: Hart Gary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“i pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America,” U.S. schoolchildren are taught to recite, “and to the Republic for which it stands.” Almost all can describe the flag, but few can describe the republic for which it stands. Nor, for that matter, can the students’ parents, In the aftermath of terrorist attacks against the American homeland, the renewal of patriotism invites an inquiry into “patriotism toward what.”
New Realities in Twenty-first-Century America: Economics, Politics, and Society
Authors: Hart Gary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
among a number of unresolved issues in structuring an American federal system based upon representative government was the question of the locus of sovereignty. lhe new federal government would clearly be sovereign in certain matters, such as foreign policy, national defense, and even the general welfare. But to the degree powers were not delegated by the Constitution to the national government, sovereignty would remain in the States constituting the new union. But then, there were the people. Are not the people themselves sovereign in an authentic republic? And if they are, how should that core sovereignty be acknowledged and guaranteed? lhomas Jefferson, as we will see, came, ex post facto, to comprehend this conundrum and to seek to resolve it. lhe central question of this volume is whether the revolutionary tides of the early twenty-first century may not now make his revolutionary solution viable.
The Jeffersonian Republic in the Current Age
Authors: Hart Gary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
given the new realities of the expanding impact of global economics and international finance on every society, the contracting authority of the nation-state, and the erosion of ideological cohesion, how should government be organized to realize the democratic values of social justice and equality and to encourage the republican values of civic duty and popular sovereignty? The Jeffersonian pyramid of republics—a national representative republic composed of a federation of States based upon democratic, participatory, assembly republics—offers one potential solution.
Rewarding Behaviors
Authors: Golden Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Behavior management programs have been used to help children and adolescents in a variety of settings. In this chapter, I discuss the application of this approach for helping children and adolescents manage anger. As the term implies, the focus of this approach is on behavior rather than on the self-reflection needed to make sense of anger. A behavior management program involves the use of rewards, privileges, and consequences. These are presented to the child in such a way as to help increase desirable behaviors and reduce undesirable behaviors.
Disclosures
Authors: Nowak Achim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is a gray afternoon in New York, the sort of gray that I know so well from the afternoons of my childhood in Germany, but a gray December sky in New York has a bleakness all its own, a steely cool that magnifies all that is charmless about the East Village, where I live. I’m walking down Fourth Street toward Avenue A, alongside an impossibly handsome man named Miguel. He has the smooth, chiseled profile of an upper-class Filipino, tipped by a lean, imperial nose, and he walks with the cocky stride of one who hasn’t been troubled by adversity. I have met Miguel only once before, inside the video booth of a gay bookstore, where we locked the door and tore off our clothes with the sort of surrender that seems so easy with a total stranger.
Life Without Mozart
Authors: Kuusisto Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was August and hot when Henry Cole fell down the stairs of his apartment building. His legs weren’t working correctly—and, as if that weren’t enough, he had no words for his state of affairs. He wasn’t ready for his new life—a life with multiple sclerosis and no job. He lay at the bottom of the stairs and thought he might stay for a while on the linoleum. Tall windows flanked the stairs. The building had once been a high school. He looked up at a rectangle of sunlight and heard starlings in the ivy and thought about getting to his feet. He would think his way through it by issuing commands to his arms and legs. “It’s like sending telegrams over a mountain,” he’d told his sister on the phone. “You send messages to outlying districts and wait for word to come back.” Getting to his feet, he saw construction workers climbing a scaffold. Inch forward, fall back—but keep something moving.
Cheaters And Copycats
Authors: O’Brien Ruth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I walked up to the metal detectors, my pupils adjusting from the glare of the June sun to the cool mosaic of marble in the dim foyer. I was headed for the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress. Pulling back one of the doors to the reading room with some difficulty given the flesh-colored casts wrapped around both my forearms, I admired the way the brass outlined the thick panes of glass with a clean, modern design. I went toward the guard, registered, and received a key for a locker. Looking past him, I saw an airy room filled with desks, which was not too full yet. As I tried to open the locker, the hook from my right cast that wrapped around my thumb kept hitting the lock. Working at it, I remembered that the last time I’d used these lockers I was a graduate student. Then, suppressing this hint of vanity, I stashed my purse, keys, and a comb in the locker and approached a desk. I carried my new tool in hand, a slim metal arm with a rubber thumb, which helped me turn pages.