bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-precision simulation and measurement of the aerial magnetic field in the near-area of underwater conventional electrode-type source
Authors: Pan Lindong , Jiang Zekun , Gao Junqi , Shen Ying , Li Yali , Yang Xiaobao , Wang Jiazeng , Chen Jiamin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The two-electrode straight open magnetic source (TSOMS) has been widely used in magnetic minesweepers and decoys. Achieving high-precision simulation of the near area magnetic field is crucial for its precise location. In this paper, we discuss the influence of the number of subdivision units on the calculation accuracy and time of the magnetic field of the TSOMS (MFTSOMS). The multiple electric dipole magnetic field (EDMF) accumulation method is combined with the 12-point Gaussian integral method to improve the precision of the near-area EDMF. We propose to use the EDMF algorithm (the frequency is infinitesimal) to verify the correctness of the MFTSOMS algorithm (DC). Our results show that both calculation accuracy (relative accuracy) and efficiency of the MFTSOMS can be taken into account when the subdivision unit number is 103 to 2 × 105 and must be larger than 10 l/S. We also find that the two algorithms agree well in the near and far areas when the length of the line electrode is infinitely small. Finally, we conduct a pool experiment to validate the effectiveness of the MFTSOMS algorithm.
Simulation analysis of nanobubble stability in horizontal pipeline
Authors: Liu Shurong , Li Qifen , Yang Yongwen , Lei Ming , Wang Jing , Zhang Liting 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The distribution characteristics of nanobubbles in pipelines are crucial for their applications in energy storage, agriculture, and medicine. Current numerical simulations of gas-liquid mixing in pipelines fail to accurately capture the complex behavior of nanobubbles, limiting simulation efficiency and accuracy. To better understand nanobubble behavior in pipeline flow, this paper uses a population balance model and CFD to simulate changes in nanobubble size and quantity. Results indicate that bubble polymerization is dominant, with nanobubble size reaching a steady state as flow increases. Additionally, a higher inlet gas phase volume fraction leads to a more dispersed size distribution, increased size, and decreased density. This study offers optimization insights and a theoretical basis for nanobubble applications in pipeline transport.
Linear and nonlinear optimization for the HALF storage ring lattice
Authors: Xu Jianhao , Yang Penghui , Li Weimin , Wang Lin , Bai Zhenghe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) is a VUV and soft X-ray
diffraction-limited storage ring, which uses a modified hybrid
multi-bend achromat (HMBA) lattice. In a HMBA lattice, many
nonlinear effects are cancelled by the -I transformation
between sextupoles. But for amplitude-dependent tune shifts (ADTS)
and high-order chromaticities, generally they cannot be controlled
well, which will limit the dynamic aperture and momentum aperture.
To further improve the performance of the HALF lattice, linear
parameters and nonlinear dynamics are optimized in this
paper. First, linear lattice, ADTS and second-order chromaticity are
simultaneously optimized with magnet strengths varied in large
ranges to better explore good solutions. In this optimization,
lattice solutions with both low emittances and relatively good
nonlinear dynamics are efficiently obtained. Then, starting from the
good solution region generated above, direct optimization of dynamic
aperture and Touschek lifetime based on particle tracking is
performed. After this second optimization, the lattices with larger
DAs and longer lifetimes are obtained for HALF. This method can
also be used for optimizing other HMBA lattices.
Synthesis and characterization of TiO2–ZnO composite thin films for biomedical applications
Authors: Engoor Gimmi Guruprasad , Dewangan Vimal Kumar , Latiyan Sachin , Sampath Kumar T S , Sujatha N , Palani I A , Vasa Nilesh J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Titania (TiO2) has superior biocompatibility, while zinc oxide (ZnO) is antibacterial. This investigation aimed to study the influence of TiO2–ZnO composite films on enhancing the biocompatibility of stainless steel (SS). Radio-frequency magnetron sputtering (RF-MS) technique is used to synthesize TiO2–ZnO composite thin films on 304-SS substrates from three sputtering targets with typical chemical compositions of 100% TiO2, 90%TiO2–10%ZnO, and 75%TiO2–25%ZnO, mixed by their respective weight percentages. The influence of surface chemistry, morphology, and wettability of TiO2–ZnO composite film on its osseointegration and antifouling characteristics was studied. The biocompatibility was assessed by protein adsorption kit, cytotoxicity assay, and cell adhesion of MG63 osteoblast cells, followed by S. aureus bacterial adhesion studies. All RF-MS films displayed hydrophobicity, minimal bacterial-cell adhesion, and higher cytocompatibility than the SS. RF-MS films deposited from the 75%TiO2–25%ZnO target exhibited the highest antifouling capability due to the least protein adsorption and the highest antibacterial ZnO concentration. However, increased ZnO concentration decreased MG63 cell viability. RF-MS films deposited from the 90%TiO2–10%ZnO target showed the highest mammalian cell viability of ≈88% and attachment. High plasma protein adsorption caused decreased mammalian cell viability and higher bacterial adhesion on 100% TiO2 film and SS. Biocompatible and antifouling TiO2–ZnO composite thin films on SS substrates offer an alternative to conventional antibiotic coatings to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and biofilm-related infections.
Deformation behavior, critical strain, and processing maps of an as-extruded Mg-2.5Zn-4Y by hot compression tests
Authors: Wang Guoxin , Guan Ying 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hot compression tests were conducted on an as-extruded Mg-2.5Zn-4Y magnesium alloy using a Gleeble thermal simulation machine under various deformation conditions to investigate its hot deformation behavior. The results indicated that, at relatively high strain rates (1 s−1), the alloy exhibited limited dynamic recrystallization, with deformation primarily governed by dynamic recovery. Conversely, at lower strain rates (0.001 s−1 and 0.01 s−1), dynamic recrystallization became the dominant deformation mechanism. Flow stress and peak stress (σ
p) decreased with increasing temperature at constant strain rates. By contrast, at constant temperatures, both flow stress and σ
p increased with higher strain rates. Furthermore, at a constant temperature, a reduction in strain rate led to a decrease in the fraction of low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) and an increase in high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs). Similarly, increasing the temperature (573–673 K ) at a constant strain rate resulted in a lower fraction of LAGBs, a higher fraction of HAGBs, more complete dynamic recrystallization, and an overall increase in average grain size. A critical strain prediction model for the alloy was also developed. Analysis of the processing map identified optimized processing conditions of 640–673 K and 0.001 s−1. Under these conditions, the alloy demonstrated excellent workability and enhanced mechanical properties.
Reflow soldering for low-cost electronics using near-infrared LEDs
Authors: Wenger Thomas , Schletterer Philipp , Reichenberger Marcus 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite advances in soldering technology, the soldering of flexible, low-cost substrates such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) remains a significant challenge, even when using low-temperature solders. This paper presents a novel approach to energy transfer that takes advantage of the varying absorption levels of materials in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum to achieve selective heating of electronic assemblies. By combining the different absorption behaviours of bare PET and copper-clad PET with an irradiation concept that includes the use of NIR LEDs, it is possible to achieve a highly controlled and locally limited heating of the assemblies. An experimental soldering setup was utilised to identify the parameters that influence the process. The solder joints of the chip resistor components exhibited comparable microstructure and mechanical strength to those soldered by a convective method. The preliminary reliability tests demonstrated that the NIR soldering process produces high-quality solder joints. Further studies will address the remaining issues, such as solder beading and the soldering of more complex components and assemblies.
Quantum coding with finite thermodynamic resources
Authors: Xuereb Jake , Debarba Tiago , Huber Marcus , Erker Paul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Quantum direct coding or Schumacher compression generalised the ideas of Shannon theory, gave an operational meaning to the von Neumann entropy and established the term qubit. But remembering that information processing is carried out by physical processes prompts one to wonder what thermodynamic resources are required to compress quantum information and how they constrain one’s ability to perform this task. That is, if Alice and Bob only have access to thermal quantum states and clocks with finite accuracy, how well can they measure, encode and decode pure quantum state messages? In this work we examine these questions by modeling Alice’s typical measurement as a unitary involving a measurement probe, investigating imperfect timekeeping on encoding and decoding and considering the role of temperature in Bob’s appended qubits. In doing so, we derive fidelity bounds for this protocol involving the correlations Alice can form with their measurement probe, the variance of the clock’s ticks and the temperature of Bob’s qubits. Finally, we give an insight into the entropy produced by these two agents throughout the compression protocol by relating the resources they use to a quantum thermodynamic cooling protocol.
Classical and combinatorial Judd–Ofelt analysis of spectroscopic properties in Er-doped materials: TeO2–ZnO–BaO:Er3+ glasses
Authors: Hrabovsky Jan , Varak Petr , Oswald Jiri , Krystufek Robin , Dedic Vaclav , Slang Stanislav , Benes Ludvik , Wagner Tomas , Strizik Lukas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A systematic study of the doping ability of the TeO2–ZnO–BaO glassy system with Er3+ ions is presented to achieve strong Stokes/upconversion photoluminescence (UPL) emission and to determine the optimal experimental conditions for conducting Judd–Ofelt (JO) analysis in Er-doped materials using the newly introduced Combinatorial JO analysis in this work. Selected glassy samples across the TeO2–ZnO–BaO glass-forming region following the concentration trends of each constituent oxide were uniformly doped with 0.2 mol.

%

of Er2O3 but only those with high BaO content were found to be amorphous and optically homogenous. These samples exhibit strong photoluminescence (

≈

1.5

μ

m,

≈

2.7

μ

m) and UPL emission from visible to near-infrared spectral region. The intensities of Er3+ intra-4f electronic transitions were calculated on the basis of classical JO theory with derived phenomenological

Ω

2
,
4
,
6

parameters. Combinatorial analysis was introduced and employed to calculate JO parameters using all observed absorption bands and their mutual combinations. The presented results then enable the identification of critical absorption band combinations necessary for accurate JO analysis in Er3+-doped materials, ensuring consistent and reliable outcomes. Furthermore, these findings facilitate the recognition of suboptimal experimental conditions for performing JO analysis in other materials containing Er3+ ions.
Design and simulation of a multi-range thermal mass flowmeter for liquid flow rate measurement in microchannels
Authors: Chaboki Hossein Hosseinzadeh , Rahbar Shahrouzi Javad , Jodeiri Naeimeh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The design of advanced thermal mass flowmeters presents a significant challenge in meeting the diverse measurement needs of modern industries, notably in process engineering, micro air vehicles, biomedical, oil and petrochemicals, food, and pharmaceuticals. A key focus is the ability to cover a broad range of flow rates, particularly at lower levels. Employing modern techniques such as microfluidics facilitates the development of flexible thermal mass flowmeters specifically designed for low measurement ranges. This research explores the design and simulation of microscale calorimetric thermal mass flowmeters to address the growing demand for accurate measurements at low flow rates. Critical considerations for these devices include the unique conditions of microfluidic systems, necessitating careful evaluation to ensure the feasibility of fabricating microcalorimetric thermal mass flowmeters. The design considerations can be divided into three categories: microgeometry, transfer phenomena, and range selectivity. Key factors such as geometric parameters in miniature dimensions, temperature and velocity distributions, effects of distributors, and measurement range determinations are scrutinized against constraints like linearity and cavitation. The study centers on measuring flow rates through square microchannels with a hydraulic diameter of 500 μm. A multi-range system allows for comprehensive coverage of the flow rate range while preserving the device’s flexibility and ensuring accurate performance. A microchip prototype configured with 1 to 10 flow paths demonstrated the capability to support flow rates from 0 to 100, achieving an R2 value of 0.98 across temperature differentials of less than 10 degrees, affirming its linearity and precision.
Tribological assessment of rice paddy straw filled green modified phenol formaldehyde composites
Authors: Girase Shailendrasingh B , Kothavale Basavraj S , Kulkarni M B , Gholam Nikhil , S Radhakrishnan , Siva I 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Natural fiber composites are the subject of significant research because of environmental concerns worldwide. In this perspective, the present study explores the suitability of silica-rich rice paddy straw (PS), an agricultural waste to create a biodegradable material for use in industries such as automotive, packaging, construction and furniture (e.g. particle boards). This approach aims to reduce the environmental damage caused by burning PS fibers and deforestation. Several researchers have used filler material up to 40%. The present study examines the tribological behaviour of PS composites that included over 50% PS fibers as a filler material, along with cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) treated phenolic resin as a matrix in composites. The phenolic resin is formulated in three different matrix-to-filler (MF) ratios 1:1, 1:3 and 1:5. Fabricated composites are subject to water aging to understand the degradation behaviour of the phenolic composites. The experimental results reveal that all CNSL-treated formulations have greater wear resistance, fade resistance, fire resistance, and a more stable coefficient of friction (COF) than untreated formulations because of their plasticization and flexibility properties. The COF variation for treated 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5 MF formulations is less than that of untreated formulations, ranging from 3 to 33%, 0 to 12%, and 7 to 13%, respectively. Due to CNSL treatment, wear is reduced for 1:3 and 1:5 MF formulations by 20%–25% and 14%–55%, respectively, and variation in wear for 1:1 is 5 to 166%. Wear for 1:3 and 1:5 MF water-soaked treated formulations increases from 95% to 244% and 8% to 37%, respectively. From a tribology perspective, the 1:5 MF CNSL-treated formulation performed better than others in all respects. Further electron images explored the wear mechanism exerted during the abrasion.
How to build resilient community energy systems? Lessons from Malawi and Ethiopia
Authors: Vallecha Harshit , Gebreslassie Mulualem , Filli Fana , Hara Christopher , Gogoda Chrispin , Assefa Amare , To Long Seng , Kirshner Joshua , Castán Broto Vanesa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper defines the notion of realising resilient community energy systems (R-CESs) through community capital to withstand unforeseen natural hazards, climate change induced risks and socio-political disruptions. It evaluates the interrelationship between different stages of CES project implementation with the development of the community’s resilience in the form of social, human, economic, physical and natural capital. This study employs empirical research by carrying out case study analysis of CES projects deployed in risk-prone regions of Malawi and Ethiopia. Three CES projects, two in Malawi and one in Ethiopia, have been examined through qualitative analysis of data collected through semi-structured interviews with CES project stakeholders. Case studies analysed the role of different stakeholders in planning, installation, and operation of projects and the evolution of the community’s resilience during phases of project implementation. In-depth critical analysis of cases demonstrates how a community’s evolved resilience in different forms of community capital enables it to cope with unforeseen shocks/disruptions encountered over the period of CES operation. Comparative analysis of cases proposed the novel R-CES framework defining seven key components of community capital to realise a R-CES in practice. The proposed framework provides recommendations and best practices to CES project developers, managers and community representatives to implement CES projects in a way that strengthens community capital to thus realise a resilient community and sustainable infrastructure.
The Nothing
Authors: Bruno G Anthony 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 6 shows that Heidegger diverges from German idealism by dissolving rather than solving the rhapsody problem. It argues that whereas the German idealists regard this problem as demanding a deductive solution, Heidegger denies that determining conditions of intelligibility can be deductive, since philosophical deduction, like any meaningful project, presupposes factical conditions that must be hermeneutically interpreted. The chapter then demonstrates that Heidegger improves on various aspects of Schelling’s, Lask’s, and Dilthey’s critical responses to German idealism. Next, it shows how Heidegger’s hermeneutics of facticity reveals an unspoken truth in ‘nihil ulterius,’ Kant’s phrase for the groundlessness of conditions of intelligibility. The truth is that there is no intelligible existence without what he calls ‘the nothing,’ which denotes the radical contingency that there are beings at all. Heidegger thereby effects an intensified return to Kant’s tolerance for radical contingency, casting reason’s peculiar fate not in the theoretical terms of undeniable, unanswerable questions of metaphysics, but rather in the concrete terms of the lived experience into which we are always already thrown.
Conclusion
Authors: Bruno G Anthony 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The untold history of the concept of facticity traces a line from Kant, through the rise and fall of German idealism and the emergence of neo-Kantianism, to the flourishing of phenomenology. Admittedly, this history is one chapter in philosophy’s ancient, abiding confrontation with brute facts. However, in light of the Copernican turn that opens that chapter, philosophy’s confrontation with bruteness takes the form of a specific question, namely, whether a science of the conditions of intelligibility can tolerate brute facts. This question is decisive for the kind of philosophy one chooses after Kant, for it concerns our resoluteness in the face of human finitude. The bruteness, radical contingency, or groundlessness of the conditions of intelligibility, of the freedom and character with which we pursue a science of intelligibility, of intelligible existence itself, and of our thrownness into intelligible existence all refer to our inescapably finite standpoint on intelligibility. We are radical contingency incarnate. How we choose to answer the post-Kantian question therefore inevitably exhibits whether and to what extent we own up to our finitude.
Introduction
Authors: Argomaniz Javier 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The introduction to this volume contextualizes the topic and explains the importance of the Basque case for the literature on terrorism, political violence, and civil resistance. It identifies the key concepts that will drive the analysis. It explains how the study’s theoretical framework draws from scholarship on civil society peacebuilding, contentious politics, nonviolent resistance, and social movements. It describes the main empirical and conceptual contributions of this work and highlights that this is the first in-depth study of the impact of civil action on a terrorist campaign. It also introduces the main claims made in this work that will be later developed throughout the book. Finally, the chapter dissects the data that have informed the argument before concluding with a general outline of the book.
Daily hassle effects on daily cigarette and/or e-cigarette use: the moderating effect of daily uplifts
Authors: Lin Yitong , B O’Connor Daryl , Conner Mark 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Daily hassles, as minor stressful events, are common in life. However, they have received less attention in previous studies on relationships between stressful events and nicotine product use. Meanwhile, daily uplifts have also been investigated less in research on nicotine use.

Purpose
The current study was conducted to explore the relationships between daily measures of hassles, uplifts, and the use of nicotine products (ie, cigarettes, e-cigarettes).

Methods
This was a daily diary study. Participants completed 1 diary each day for up to 7 days. One hundred and eighty-one adults who currently use cigarettes or e-cigarettes solely or co-use both completed a total of 886 daily diary entries. Multilevel modeling was used to predict the daily use of the above nicotine products from daily hassles, daily uplifts, and their interactions.

Results
Daily hassles were positively associated with any daily nicotine use. There were no significant associations between daily hassles and daily cigarette use or between daily hassles and daily e-cigarette use. Daily uplifts were not directly associated with any behaviors, but daily hassles and daily uplifts showed a significant interaction in affecting any daily nicotine use, daily cigarette use, and daily e-cigarette use. In each use pattern, increasing levels of uplifts were associated with an attenuation of the relationship between hassles and the use of nicotine products.

Conclusions
It may be worthwhile to explore further the effects of daily hassles and daily uplifts on nicotine product use through ecological momentary assessments.