bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new alternative for monitoring the crystallization process through artificial neural networks and FBRM signal
Authors: Leite Lucas Campana , Bernardo André 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Crystallization is one of the most used separation processes in the chemical industry to produce high-value-added products, and its success is dependent on controlling properties such as kinetics, crystal size distribution (CSD), shape, and polymorphism. To optimize the process, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) encourages the development of small-scale online and in-line techniques to obtain real-time data. This work proposes using the FBRM equipment for monitoring the crystallization process by efficiently converting chord length distribution (CLD) measured into CSD, which are used to estimate kinetic parameters. It was possible to train artificial neural networks (ANN) to covert CLD in CSD using different training methods (Levenberg-Marquardt, Bayesian Regularization, and Scaled Conjugate Gradient) and test them to obtain optimized networks that had a maximum deviation of 15% compared to the DTC obtained in Malvern. To ensure the process reliability, four crystallization assays (A-D) were monitored by the best ANN, which allowed the prediction of experimental kinetic parameters through the Method of Moments and inferences about the process, compared to documented experiments. The nucleation kinetic parameters (n from 1.15 to 2.05 and kn from 1,19E + 11 to 3,52E + 12) and growth kinetic parameters (g from 1.6 to 2.00 and kg from 4,96E-06 to 1,94E-04) were obtained, approaching experiments described by other authors under similar conditions. The use of ANNs to analyze FBRM data has shown efficiency in attributing physical meaning to CLD data converted into CSD. Through this method, it is possible to estimate kinetic parameters at each instant of the crystallization process, paving the way for adjusting process parameters in real-time to achieve the final product's required quality by regulatory agencies.
Depressive symptoms of people living in areas with high exposure to environmental noise: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Yun Il , Lee Seung Hwan , Park Sohee , Jang Suk-yong , Jang Sung-In 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

BackgroundExposure and damage caused by noise have been reported in many countries around the world. However, few nationwide studies explored the association of residential environmental noise with depressive symptoms, this study aims to examine this association.MethodsThe Korean Community Health Survey at the individual-level and the Korean Environmental Noise Measurement Database at the regional-level were used. A total of 30,630 individuals were eligible for the analysis. Multilevel model framework was applied to account for the clustered structure of the regional-level data in which individual-level data containing demographic characteristics and health information were nested.ResultsIndividuals living in the highest environmental noise area had a 1.55 times higher likelihood of experiencing depressive symptoms than those living in the lowest environmental noise area (95% CI, 1.04−2.31). After stratified analysis according to depressive symptom severity, individuals residing in areas with the highest environmental noise exposure had significantly higher odds of mild (aOR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.02−2.07) and moderate symptoms (aOR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.00−2.91).LimitationsBecause secondary data were used, time series analysis to track changes in outcomes was not possible. The PHQ-9 questionnaires, which measures depressive symptoms, were self-reported. Due to the absence of data on inter-floor noise, it could not include in the analysis. Residual confounders from unmeasured variables could not be ruled out.ConclusionsThe higher the residential environmental noise, the higher the possibility of mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest the need for continued attention to and management of noise pollution, which has the potential to adversely affect individual's mental health.
Clinical efficacy analysis of full-endoscopic L5/S1 lumbar discectomy through the interlaminar approach combined with annular fibrosus suture for treatment of lumbar disc herniation
Authors: xiao zijun , Liu Wei , Feng Jing 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and surgical techniques of full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy through the interlaminar approach combined with annular fibrosus suture for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation at the L5/S1 level.Methods From June 2020 to June 2022, patients who underwent full-endoscopic L5/S1 lumbar discectomy through the interlaminar approach were included in this study. The patients were divided into an experimental group and a control group based on whether annulus fibrosus suture was performed. The visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and The MOS item short from health survey physical function(SF−36 PF) and social function(SF−36 SF) were used to evaluate the surgical outcomes on the first day after surgery, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. The annulus fibrosus height, recurrence of disc herniation at the surgical segment, and occurrence of adjacent segment disc herniation were also recorded.Results All surgeries were successfully completed, with 44 cases in the experimental group and 104 cases in the control group. The recurrence rate of disc herniation at the surgical segment was statistically lower in patients who underwent annulus fibrosus suture compared to those who did not. Blurring or hyperintensity at the posterior edge of the disc herniation may indicate that the annulus fibrosus ruptured before surgery in T2 weighted image. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of VAS, ODI,SF-36 PF,SF-36 SF and annulus fibrosus height during the follow-up period. The occurrence rate of adjacent segment disc herniation showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups.Conclusions Full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy through the interlaminar approach combined with annular fibrosus suture for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation at the L5/S1 level can reduce the recurrence rate of disc herniation at the surgical segment in the short-term follow-up. It is a safe and easy-to-perform surgical technique.
Application of near infra-red laser light increases current-threshold in optic nerve consistent with increased Na+-dependent transport
Authors: Lo Hin Heng , Munkongcharoen Tawan , Muijen Rosa M. , Gurung Ritika , Umredkar Anjali G. , Baker Mark D. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Patients with optic neuritis or multiple sclerosis experience worsening symptoms and axonal impulse conduction failure with increased body temperature. Previously we have reported increases in current-threshold occur in optic nerve with localized warming, whose mechanism is only partly understood. Paired applications of near infra-red laser light to isolated optic nerve produced increases in threshold that were reduced on the second application, the response recovering with increasing application intervals, with a time-constant of 24 secs. 3 minute duration single applications of laser light gave rise to a rapid increase in threshold followed by a fade, where the time constant of the fade was between 40 and 50 seconds. Aftereffects were sometimes apparent following the light application, where the resting threshold was reduced. The increase in threshold with laser light illumination was partially blocked by 38.6 mM Li+ in combination with 5 mM bumetanide, a manoeuvre increasing refractoriness and consistent with axonal depolarization. Assessing the effect of laser-light applications on the nerve input resistance ruled-out a previously suggested fall in myelin resistance as contributing to the changes in threshold. These data are consistent with an axonal membrane potential that partly relies on temperature-dependent electroneutral Na+ influx, and where fade in the response to the laser is likely caused by a gradually diminishing Na+ pump-induced hyperpolarization, in response to falling intracellular [Na+].
Investigating the impact of anthropogenic noise on the decision-making of dwarf mongoose offspring
Authors: Vane Lauren S , Morris-Drake Amy , Arbon Josh J , Thomson Robyn , Kern Julie M , Radford Andrew N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Anthropogenic (man-made) noise constitutes a novel and widespread pollutant, with its increasing prevalence in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems resulting in alterations of natural soundscapes. There is proliferating evidence that noise leads to maladaptive behaviour in wildlife, yet few studies have addressed the effect on mammalian parent–offspring interactions. We investigated the impact of road noise on dwarf mongoose (Helogale parvula) offspring nearest-neighbour decision-making whilst foraging, using a field-based playback experiment. We predicted that offspring would forage closer to groupmates, especially older and dominant individuals, when experiencing road noise compared to ambient sound to reduce communication masking and alleviate stress. We also predicted that noise would have a reduced effect with increasing offspring age due to reduced reliance on adult groupmates for provisioning and predator-defence. However, we found that mean nearest-neighbour distance and nearest-neighbour intrinsic characteristics (age, sex and dominance status) did not differ significantly between sound treatments, and these responses did not vary significantly with focal individual age. Noise may not impact nearest-neighbour decision-making due to habituation from chronic natural exposure; alternatively, noise could induce stress and distraction, resulting in maladaptive decision-making. Future work should aim to detangle the underlying mechanisms mediating parent–offspring interactions in conditions of anthropogenic noise.
Microbiological Quality and Antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from Raw Cow Milk in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Godana Kuribachew Endale , Meranga Melese Etifu , Weldeselassie Helen Weldemichael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Raw cow milk serves as a suitable medium for microbial growth due to its complex biochemical composition and high water activity; because of this character, the quality and shelf-life of milk must be degraded. This study was conducted in Addis Ababa to evaluate microbial quality and safety and the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria in raw cow milk. The overall mean (± SD) of raw cow's milk for standard plate count (SPC), E. coli count (EC), Coliform Count (CC) and Total Yeast and Mold Count (TYMC) were 6.24 ± 1.43, 2.44 ± 0.56, 4.34 ± 1.27 and 2.87 ± 1.02 log10cfu/ml respectively. Salmonella was not detected in the collected milk sample, and the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus was 37%. The isolated S. aureus bacteria were 100% susceptible to antibiotic drugs like Amikacin, Gentamicin, Kanamycin, Erythromycin, Tylosin, Clindamycin and Florenicol. On the other hand, S. aureus was 87% susceptible and 13% intermediate for Enrofloxacin, 78.3% susceptible and 21.7% resistant for Tilcimosin, 60.9% susceptible and 39.1% resistant for Tetracycline, 95.7% susceptible and 4.3% intermediate for Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole. Based on the current study, milk samples contained higher microbial load than National and International standards and had pathogenic bacteria, resulting in public health risks to the consumer. All concerned bodies in the dairy industry should get public education about hygienic milk production to reduce the risk of milk-borne pathogens and losses due to rejection resulting from contamination.
Using human fetal neural stem cells to elucidate the role of the JAK-STAT cell signaling pathway in oligodendrocyte differentiation in vitro
Authors: Dey Devanjan , Tyagi Sagar , Shrivastava Vadanya , Rani Sweety , Sharma Jai Bhagwan , Sinha Subrata , Palanichamy Jayanth Kumar , Seth Pankaj , Sen Sudip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OL) are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system that mediate nerve conduction. Loss of oligodendrocytes results in demyelination, triggering neurological deficits. Developing a better understanding of the cell signaling pathways influencing OL development may aid in the development of therapeutic strategies. The primary focus of this study was to investigate and elucidate the cell signaling pathways implicated in the developmental maturation of oligodendrocytes using human fetal neural stem cells (hFNSCs) derived primary OL and MO3.13 cell line. Successful differentiation into OL was established by examining morphological changes, increased expression of mature-OL markers MBP, MOG and decreased expression of premyelinating-OL markers CSPG4 and O4. Analyzing transcriptional datasets (using RNA sequencing) in premyelinating and mature OL derived from hFNSCs revealed the novel and critical involvement of the JAK-STAT cell signaling pathway in terminal OL maturation. The finding was validated in MO3.13 cell line whose differentiation was accompanied by upregulation of IL-6 and the transcription factor STAT3. Increased phosphorylated STAT3 (pY705) levels were demonstrated by western blotting in hFNSCs derived primary OL as well as terminal maturation in MO3.13 cells, thus validating the involvement of the JAK-STAT pathway in OL maturation. Pharmacological suppression of STAT3 phosphorylation (confirmed by western blotting) was able to prevent the increase of MBP-positive cells as demonstrated by flow cytometry. These novel findings highlight the involvement of the JAK-STAT pathway in OL maturation and raise the possibility of using this as a therapeutic strategy in demyelinating diseases.
To analyze the clinical characteristics of Omicron COVID-19 pneumonia and compare the predictive performance of several scores on disease severity and mortality risk
Authors: Ni Ruiqin , Zhong Mingmei , Xie Mengrong , Ding Zhen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Around the world, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still widely spread. Finding an appropriate scoring system to predict the severity and prognosis of the disease will be help to carry out appropriate intervention as soon as possible and reduce the mortality. Therefore, it is important to analysis the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with Omicron COVID-19 pneumonia and discuss the role of several scoring systems in predicting the disease severity and mortality risk.
Methods
We retrospective collected the clinical data of 409 patients, who visited at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and confirmed as Omicron COVID-19 pneumonia between 1, December 2022 and 31, January 2023. Recorded the PSI, CURB‑65 and MuLBSTA score within 24 hours, evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of each scoring model in predicting the severity and mortality risk of Omicron COVID-19 pneumonia, and then compared the predictive value of several scoring systems on the severity and prognosis of Omicron COVID-19 pneumonia.
Results
Median age of 409 patients was 78 years, the onset of disease was mainly characterized by fever, cough, expectoration, fatigue and digestive symptoms. Expectoration, fatigue, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), procalcitonin (PCT), creatinine and complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were independent risk factors for the severity of the Omicron COVID-19 pneumonia, while age, oxygenation index, glucose, LDH, and complicated by septic shock were independent risk factors for the mortality of it. The CURB‑65, PSI and MulBSTA score with cutoff value as 1.5, 115.5, 10.5, respectively; the sensitivity for predicting severe disease was 65.9%, 63.8%, 79.7%, the specificity was 63.8%, 76.8%, 60.9%, and the AUROC was 0.707, 0.750, 0.728. The CURB‑65, PSI and MulBSTA score with cutoff value as 1.5,102.5,12.5, respectively, the sensitivity for predicting mortality risk was 83.3%, 96.3%, 70.4%, the specificity was 59.4%, 60.8%, 65.4%, and the AUROC was 0.787, 0.850, 0.736.
Conclusion
The patients we included are older, and the majority of them combined with underlying diseases, LDH is the independent risk factor of the disease severity and prognosis. PSI with better predictive value for both disease severity and mortality risk, and it could be used to predict the severity and mortality risk of Omicron COVID-19 pneumonia.
Bimodality Cross Concatenation and Fusion for Audio-visual Event Localization
Authors: Li Ruochen , Wang Wenmin , Wei Wenying , Chen Tongbao , Zhang Shenyong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Audio-visual event localization (AVEL) is a task that utilizes audio and visual features in videos to perceive the correlation between audio and video and the type of event. Previous methods have mostly focused on aligning the two features in temporal sequence, ignoring the high-order feature expression after audio-visual feature fusion and the role of cross-attention. To address this issue, we propose a bimodal feature cross-concatenation fusion network (BiCCF Net) that aligns visual and audio features in latent space using the spatiotemporal correlation (STC) module. And the audio-visual cross attention (AVCA) module is used to extract cross-attention while using the Factorized Bilinear Coding (FBC) based Audio-Visual Fusion (AVF) Module to obtain the fused high-order feature expression. Finally, the fused features are combined with cross-attention and processed by a background suppression classification module to predict the category of events and the correlation between audio and video features. Our experiments were conducted on the AVE dataset, and we achieved significant improvement compared to baseline models.
Single Molecule Dissociation of a Mycotoxin/Aptamer Complex in an α-hemolysin Nanopore
Authors: Su Zhuoqun , Li Tong , Wu Di , Wu Yongning , Li Guoliang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mycotoxins analysis is essential for food safety since mycotoxins can cause severe toxic effects on humans and animals health. The aptasensor has been shown as a powerful detection platform for mycotoxins analysis. Aptamer, as a key recognition element in aptasensor for mycotoxin, has been speculated to fold from linear strand into elaborate tertiary structures, forming a selective binding pocket for mycotoxin. Direct observation of the binding or dissociation between mycotoxin and its aptamer at single-molecule level however remains a challenge. In this paper, ochratoxin A (OTA) aptamer with a poly (dC)15 at 3' end is designed for the dissociation of OTA/aptamer complex and translocation in α-hemolysin (α-HL) nanopore. The large vestibule and the narrow constriction of α-HL allow the capture of OTA/aptamer complex and the dissociation, which can distinguish the conformation variation of OTA aptamer in the confined space. Under an appropriate condition, OTA/aptamer complex resulted in a distinguished type of current blockage (duration time > 200 ms) compared to the aptamer itself. The transient current oscillations were observed when OTA/aptamer complex was inside the vestibule of α-HL, followed by the escape to cis side (type I) or translocation to the trans side (type II). The single-molecule binding or dissociation properties between OTA and aptamer are affected by various factors like voltage, electrolytic buffer, as well as the existence of divalent cations. The result illustrated that biological nanopore may have the potential for uncovering the interaction mechanism between ochratoxin A and its aptamer.
Dyslipidemia is associated with sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the elderly
Authors: Bi Bingqing , Dong Xinying , Yan Meilin , Zhao Zhuo , Liu Ruitong , Li Shugang , Wu Hao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose Sarcopenia is a pathological change characterized by muscle loss in older people. It was reported that sarcopenia was 3.1 mg/dL more common in females than in nonsarcopenic females. However, in another study, TG (1.57 ± 0.92 mmol/L) in sarcopenia patients was much lower than that in nonsarcopenia patients. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between sarcopenia and dyslipidemia.Methods We searched the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP Database) for case‒control studies to extract data on the odds ratio (OR) between sarcopenia and dyslipidemia and the mean values of TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, and TG/HDL-C between sarcopenia and nonsarcopenia. The JBI guidelines were used to evaluate the quality. Excel 2021, Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 16.0 were used for the statistical analysis.Results Twenty studies were included in the meta-analysis, 19 of which were evaluated as good quality. The overall OR of the relationship between sarcopenia and dyslipidemia was 1.47, and the MD values of TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, and TG/HDL-C were 1.10, 1.95, 1.27, 30.13, and 0.16, respectively. The MD of LDL-C in females was greater than that in males. The OR of the non-China region was greater than that of China. The MD of TC in people (> 60) was higher than that in people (20 to 60).Conclusion Dyslipidemia was associated with sarcopenia, dyslipidemia was a risk factor for sarcopenia, and sex, region and age were the influencing factors. The control of dyslipidemia plays a significant role in sarcopenia.
Network Information Dynamics Renormalization Group
Authors: Zhang Zhang , Ghavasieh Arsham , Zhang Jiang , De Domenico Manlio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Information dynamics is vital for many complex systems with networked backbones, from cells to societies. Recent advances in statistical physics have enabled capturing the macroscopic network properties, like how diverse the flow pathways are and how fast the signals can transport, based on the network counterparts of entropy and free energy. However, given the computational challenge posed by the large number of components in real-world systems, there is a need for advanced network renormalization--- i.e., compression--- methods providing simpler-to-read representations while preserving the flow of information between functional units across scales. We use graph neural networks to identify suitable groups of components for coarse-graining a network and achieve a low computational complexity suitable for practical application. Even for large compressions, our approach is highly effective in preserving the flow in synthetic and empirical networks, as demonstrated by theoretical analysis and numerical experiments. Remarkably, we find that the model works by merging nodes of similar ecological niches--- i.e., structural properties---, suggesting that they play redundant roles as senders or receivers of information. Our work offers a low-complexity renormalization method breaking the size barrier for meaningful compressions of extremely large networks, working as a multiscale topological lens in preserving the flow of information in biological, social, and technological systems better than existing alternatives mostly focused on structural properties of a network.