bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations in Vertical Location of Kootenai River White Sturgeon during the Prespawn and Spawning Periods
Authors: Paragamian Vaughn L. , Duehr Jeremy P. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractOur objectives were to determine the general water column habitat use of Kootenai River white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus during the prespawn and spawning periods and to determine the degree of their benthic existence. Depth‐sensitive radio transmitters were attached to five male and four female white sturgeon and were periodically monitored day and night from April through June 2001. A total of 297 radio contacts were made, of which 209 included the depth of the river. One fish was not used for statistical analysis because its behavior was often modified by the presence of our boat. Of the 209 contacts, 75% (156) were made within the bottom one‐third of the water column. Mean depth of the fish during the daytime prespawn and daytime spawning period was different (9.7 and 6.5 m, respectively), and the distribution between these two periods was significantly different. Some of the variation was likely due to the deeper habitat of the daytime prespawn staging reach compared with that of the daytime spawning period location (12.6 and 7.7 m, respectively). White sturgeon used a variety of locations throughout the water column, were closer to the river bottom during the spawning period, and were much more mobile during the spawning period than we previously believed. We were also able to chart some white sturgeon as they gradually cruised the contour of the river bottom several meters from the substrate yet paused momentarily. Although depth‐sensitive transmitters were well suited to further defining some white sturgeon behavioral characteristics, they lacked the precision to achieve instantaneous locations.
Lack of Sex Specificity for Growth Hormone Pseudogene in Fall‐Run Chinook Salmon from the Columbia River
Authors: Chowen Trevor R. , Nagler James J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTwo qualitative male‐specific genetic markers are currently known for Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and have been used to identify sex in this species. Here we compare the relative specificity of these markers—growth hormone pseudogene (GHp) and OtY1—with phenotypic sex in fall‐run Chinook salmon from three different naturally spawning populations and one hatchery population on the Columbia River, Washington. In comparison with OtY1, GHp demonstrated a reduced specificity for the male sex in all populations examined and overall was present in just 81% of males sampled. Conversely, some females from all but the Yakima River population tested positive for the GHp marker. Therefore, GHp is determined to be a relatively poor indicator of phenotypic sex for fall‐run Chinook salmon from the Columbia River due primarily to underrepresentation among males and also to some overrepresentation among females. The potential for GHp to be an accurate genetic marker for phenotypic sex in Chinook salmon appears to be a population‐specific phenomenon.
Cover Picture: Spontaneous Transformation of Stabilizer‐Depleted Binary Semiconductor Nanoparticles into Selenium and Tellurium Nanowires (Adv. Mater. 3/2005)
Authors: Tang Z. , Wang Y. , Sun K. , Kotov N. A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe cover image shows a transmission electron microscopy image of selenium nanowires from the self‐reorganization process of stabilizer‐depleted CdSe nanoparticles in the presence of a complexing agent. On p. 358, Kotov and co‐workers report the preparation of semiconductor nanowires with tightly controlled diameter using stabilizer‐depleted nanoparticles rather than typical molecules as reaction precursors.
Evaluation of PM3 calculations applied to organotin compounds: crystal structure of [Ph2SnCl2 (1,10‐phenanthroline‐5,6‐dione)]·2Me2CO
Authors: de Alencastro Ricardo Bicca , Bomfim João A. S. , Filgueiras Carlos A. L. , Howie R. Alan , Wardell James L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPM3 calculated geometries of a set of mainly organotin compounds covering different coordination numbers at tin were compared with published experimental results, obtained either by electron or X‐ray diffraction. In addition, data for the previously unreported acetone solvated Ph2SnCl2·1,10‐phenanthroline‐5,6‐dione complex, [Ph2SnCl2(pdon)]·2Me2CO, are included. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute‐phase reactants and the risk of relapse/recurrence in polymyalgia rheumatica: A prospective followup study
Authors: Salvarani Carlo , Cantini Fabrizio , Niccoli Laura , Macchioni Pierluigi , Consonni Dario , Bajocchi Gianluigi , Vinceti Marco , Catanoso Maria Grazia , Pulsatelli Lia , Meliconi Riccardo , Boiardi Luigi 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo determine laboratory parameters that may be useful in identifying polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) patients who require long‐term corticosteroid therapy.MethodsA prospective followup study of 94 consecutive untreated patients with PMR were assessed for relapse/recurrence for a mean of 39 months. This cohort represented all the patients diagnosed over a 4‐year period in 2 Italian secondary referral centers. Patients were monitored for clinical signs and symptoms, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and serum interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). IL‐6 levels were also measured in 43 controls matched to the patients for age and sex.ResultsThe ESR was elevated in 91.5% of the patients prior to therapy initiation, as were CRP in 98.9% and serum IL‐6 in 92.6%. Forty‐seven (50.0%) patients had at least 1 relapse/recurrence during the followup period and 24 (25.5%) had at least 2. After 4 weeks of prednisone therapy, ESR was elevated in 13.2% patients, CRP in 41.9%, and serum IL‐6 in 37.2%. IL‐6 levels remained persistently elevated in 9.9% and CRP in 8.7% of patients during the first year of followup, whereas no patient had persistently elevated ESR. Persistently elevated CRP and IL‐6 levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of relapse/recurrence. In particular, patients with persistently elevated levels of IL‐6 during the first year of therapy had the highest relative risk.ConclusionDespite the control of clinical symptoms, corticosteroids do not adequately control the inflammatory process in a subset of patients with PMR who have persistently elevated levels of CRP and IL‐6 and who have a higher risk of relapsing.
Cost‐utility and cost‐effectiveness analyses of a long‐term, high‐intensity exercise program compared with conventional physical therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: van den Hout Wilbert B. , de Jong Zuzana , Munneke Marten , Hazes Johanna M. W. , Breedveld Ferdinand C. , Vliet Vlieland Theodora P. M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the cost utility and cost effectiveness of long‐term, high‐intensity exercise classes compared with usual care in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.MethodsRA patients (n = 300) were randomly assigned to either exercise classes or UC; followup lasted for 2 years. Outcome measures were quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) according to the EuroQol (EQ‐5D), Short Form 6D (SF‐6D), and a transformed visual analog scale (VAS) rating personal health; functional ability according to the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and McMaster Toronto Arthritis Patient Preference Interview (MACTAR); and societal costs.ResultsQALYs in both randomization groups were similar according to the EQ‐5D and SF‐6D, but were in favor of usual care according to the VAS (annual difference 0.037 QALY; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.002, 0.069). Functional ability was similar according to the HAQ, but in favor of the exercise classes according to the MACTAR (annual difference 2.9 QALY; 95% CI 0.9, 4.9). Annual medical costs of the exercise program were estimated at €780 per participating patient (€1 ≈ $1.05). The increase per patient in total medical costs of physical therapy was estimated at €430 (95% CI €318, 577), and the increase in total societal costs at €602 (95% CI €−490, 1,664). For societal willingness‐to‐pay equal to €50,000 per QALY, usual care had better cost utility than exercise classes, and significantly so according to the VAS.ConclusionFrom a societal perspective and without taking possible preventive health effects into account, long‐term, high‐intensity exercise classes provide insufficient improvement in the valuation of health to justify the additional costs.
Effect of cardiovascular comorbidities and concomitant aspirin use on selection of cyclooxygenase inhibitor among rheumatologists
Authors: Greenberg Jeffrey D. , Bingham Clifton O. , Abramson Steven B. , Reed George , Sebaldt Rolf J. , Kremer Joel 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of cardiovascular comorbidities and aspirin coprescription on cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 inhibitor (coxib) prescribing patterns among rheumatologists.MethodsA prospective cohort study was carried out with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients in the Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America registry. Medication and comorbidity data were obtained prospectively from physician and patient questionnaires between March 2002 and September 2003. Multivariate adjusted associations between coxib use and specific cardiovascular variables, including aspirin use, were examined.ResultsA total of 3,522 arthritis patients were included. COX inhibitors, including coxibs, nonselective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and meloxicam, were prescribed to a larger proportion of osteoarthritis patients (68.4%) than rheumatoid arthritis patients (47.1%) in our study (P < 0.001). COX inhibitors were prescribed to the majority of aspirin users (51.5%) and a similar proportion of nonusers (49.8%). In multivariate analyses, independent predictors of coxib use versus nonselective NSAID use included diagnoses of osteoarthritis (odds ratio [OR] 2.52, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.81–3.52) and diabetes (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.06–2.51). Conversely, aspirin use independently predicted selection of a nonselective NSAID rather than a coxib (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.55–0.98). Neither a history of myocardial infarction nor stroke predicted utilization of a coxib. Similarly, cardiovascular variables did not predict the use of rofecoxib versus celecoxib.ConclusionOur data indicate that COX inhibitor coprescription among aspirin users is frequent. Despite cardiovascular concerns regarding the coxibs, our data suggest that aspirin use, but not cardiovascular comorbidities, predicted the selection of nonselective NSAIDs over coxibs.
Fatigue in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: A comparison with the general population and associations with clinical and self‐reported measures
Authors: Dagfinrud Hanne , Vollestad Nina K. , Loge Jon H. , Kvien Tore K. , Mengshoel Anne Marit 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate 1) levels of fatigue in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) compared with the general population; 2) the relationships between fatigue and demographic, self‐reported, and clinical measures; and 3) the performance of both a generic and a disease‐specific measure of fatigue.MethodsPatients with AS (n = 152) were compared with people from the general population (n = 2,323). Fatigue was assessed by the Short Form 36 (SF‐36) vitality scale and the fatigue item of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). Other measures of self‐reported health included BASDAI for disease activity, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index for functional abilities, and the SF‐36 for mental health. Clinical measures comprised Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index for joint mobility and erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C‐reactive protein as inflammatory markers. The explanatory power of demographic, self‐reported, and clinical measures was examined in a block regression model.ResultsThe mean ± SD SF‐36 vitality score was 43 ± 24 in the patients and 60 ± 21 in the general population (P < 0.001). The SF‐36 vitality and the BASDAI fatigue scores were consistently associated with measures of mental health and disease activity. Clinical measures did not show explanatory power. A cutoff at 70 mm on the BASDAI fatigue item implied specificity of 0.77 and sensitivity of 0.82.ConclusionSelf‐reported measures of disease activity and mental health contributed significantly to explain fatigue, whereas clinical measures of inflammation and joint mobility did not. The BASDAI fatigue item reached acceptable sensitivity and specificity with a cutoff at 70 mm when using the low vitality scores of SF‐36 as an external indicator.
Role of radiation therapy in patients with a diagnosis of both systemic lupus erythematosus and cancer
Authors: Benk Véronique , Al‐Herz Adeeba , Gladman Dafna , Urowitz Murray , Fortin Paul R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether radiation therapy (RT) is denied to patients with lupus and cancer and whether RT causes unusual toxicity in those receiving it.MethodsWe included patients with lupus followed at the University of Toronto Lupus Clinic between 1972 and 2001 who had developed cancer. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory information were collected prospectively. Pathologic proof of cancer was obtained. Three radiation oncologists blinded for the diagnosis of lupus, the modalities of cancer treatment, and the hypothesis of the study reviewed patient data independently. They assessed the indication for RT and whether it should be curative or symptomatic. Recommendation for RT was considered when at least 2 of the 3 radiation oncologists concurred. A review of the literature was conducted.ResultsForty cases of cancer in 38 patients were identified. Most frequent cancer sites were breast (8), skin (8), digestive (7), and hematologic (7). Median patient age was 58 years. The radiation oncologists recommended RT in 26 cases, either with a curative (14) or a symptomatic intent (12). Only 4 patients received RT, 3 with a curative intent and 1 with a symptomatic intent. None of these 4 patients developed any unusual toxicity. The literature review did not support the fact that lupus patients do not tolerate RT.ConclusionSixty‐five percent of our lupus patients with cancer could have received curative or symptomatic RT but only 10% received it. No patient developed any toxicity. RT may be inappropriately withheld from lupus patients with cancer.
Development and assessment of indicators of rheumatoid arthritis severity: Results of a Delphi panel
Authors: Cabral Danielle , Katz Jeffrey N. , Weinblatt Michael E. , Ting Gladys , Avorn Jerry , Solomon Daniel H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a set of indicators for assessing the severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through medical records.MethodsA list of 47 potential indicators of RA was reviewed by an expert Delphi panel of 6 rheumatologists. The Delphi method is a formal approach for gathering expert opinion. The 47 potential indicators included items from the following 5 categories: radiologic and laboratory findings, clinical and functional status measures, extraarticular manifestations, prior surgical history, and medications. The panelists rated the potential indicators' relationship to RA disease severity. Each panelist rated each indicator on a scale of 0–6, in which 0 indicated no relationship at all with severe RA and 6 indicated a perfect relationship with severe RA. After a baseline set of ratings, a literature review was distributed to the panelists along with the panel's initial mean ratings and the ranges. The panelists then met to discuss the literature and rerate all indicators.ResultsAfter repeat ratings and review of relevant literature, the panel rated 28 of 47 (60%) potential indicators as having a strong or very strong relationship to severe RA. These 28 indicators were drawn from all 5 categories of potential indicators. There was agreement among the panelists on ratings for 41 of 47 indicators. Agreement was defined as a range of scores among the panelists ≤3.ConclusionA Delphi panel of rheumatologists agreed that data generally available in medical records may serve as potential indicators of severe RA.
Stable incidence of primary systemic vasculitides over five years: Results from the German vasculitis register
Authors: Reinhold‐Keller Eva , Herlyn Karen , Wagner‐Bastmeyer Rosemarie , Gross Wolfgang L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo register all newly diagnosed patients with primary systemic vasculitides (PSV) in a large region in northern Germany.MethodsBetween January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2002 all newly diagnosed cases of PSV were identified in a large mixed rural/urban northern German region consisting of 2,777,275 habitants in a population‐based prospective study. The following sources were used: departments of all hospitals, including their outpatient clinics; all departments of pathology; and the reference immunologic labs serving the catchment area.ResultsDuring 5 years, 642 PSV patients were identified. The incidence rates for all PSV were between 40 and 54 cases per 1 million and per year. People at age 50 years and older had a 3–5‐fold higher risk of developing PSV compared with those younger than 50 years. The incidence rates of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated PSV (Wegener's granulomatosis [WG], microscopic polyangiitis [MPA], Churg‐Strauss syndrome [CSS]) were between 9.5 and 16/million/year. WG occured 2–3 times more frequently than MPA or CSS.ConclusionResults of a population‐based vasculitis register over 5 years for the incidence of PSV among 2.78 million habitants in northern Germany revealed a stable incidence for all PSV. Compared with other European studies coming from small regions or referral centers, the incidence rates for ANCA‐associated PSV were the same as in Norway, lower than those in United Kingdom, but higher than those in Spain.
Characteristics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae gal1Δ and gal1Δhxk2Δ mutants expressing recombinant proteins from the GAL promoter
Authors: Ah Kang Hyun , Kyu Kang Woo , Go Su‐Min , Rezaee Abbas , Hari Krishna Sajja , Ki Rhee Sang , Kim Jeong‐Yoon 
Published: February 2005

AbstractGalactose can be used not only as an inducer of the GAL promoters, but also as a carbon source by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which makes recombinant fermentation processes that use GAL promoters complicated and expensive. To overcome this problem during the cultivation of the recombinant strain expressing human serum albumin (HSA) from the GAL10 promoter, a gal1Δ mutant strain was constructed and its induction kinetics investigated. As expected, the gal1Δ strain did not use galactose, and showed high levels of HSA expression, even at extremely low galactose concentrations (0.05–0.1 g/L). However, the gal1Δ strain produced much more ethanol, in a complex medium containing glucose, than the GAL1 strain. To improve the physiological properties of the gal1Δ mutant strain as a host for heterologous protein production, a null mutation of either MIG1 or HXK2 was introduced into the gal1Δ mutant strain, generating gal1Δmig1Δ and gal1Δhxk2Δ double strains. The gal1Δhxk2Δ strain showed a decreased rate of ethanol synthesis, with an accelerated rate of ethanol consumption, compared to the gal1Δ strain, whereas the gal1Δmig1Δ strain showed similar patterns to the gal1Δ strain. Furthermore, the gal1Δhxk2Δ strain secreted much more recombinant proteins (HSA and HSA fusion proteins) than the other strains. The results suggest that the gal1Δhxk2Δ strain would be useful for the large‐scale production of heterologous proteins from the GAL10 promoter in S. cerevisiae. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of membrane solid–liquid separation on design of biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems
Authors: Ramphao M. , Wentzel M. C. , Merritt R. , Ekama G. A. , Young T. , Buckley C. A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractInstalling membranes for solid–liquid separation into biological nutrient removal (BNR) activated sludge (AS) systems makes a profound difference not only in the design of the BNR system itself, but also in the design approach for the whole wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). In multizone BNR systems with membranes in the aerobic reactor and fixed volumes for the anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic zones (i.e., fixed volume fractions), the mass fractions can be controlled (within a range) with the interreactor recycle ratios. This zone mass fraction flexibility is a significant advantage in membrane BNR systems over conventional BNR systems with SSTs, because it allows for changing of the mass fractions to optimize biological N and P removal in conformity with influent wastewater characteristics and the effluent N and P concentrations required. For PWWF/ADWF ratios in the upper range (fq ∽ 2.0), aerobic mass fractions in the lower range (fmaer < 0.60), and high (usually raw) wastewater strengths, the indicated mode of operation of MBR BNR systems is as extended aeration WWTPs. Although the volume reduction compared with equivalent conventional BNR systems with secondary settling tanks is not as large (40% to 60%), the cost of the membranes can be offset against sludge thickening and stabilization costs. Moving from a flow‐unbalanced raw wastewater system to a flow‐balanced (fq = 1), low (usually settled) wastewater strength system can double the ADWF capacity of the biological reactor, but the design approach of the WWTP changes from extended aeration to include primary sludge stabilization. The cost of primary sludge treatment then has to be paid from the savings from the increased WWTP capacity. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oxygen transfer phenomena in 48‐well microtiter plates: Determination by optical monitoring of sulfite oxidation and verification by real‐time measurement during microbial growth
Authors: Kensy Frank , Zimmermann Hartmut F. , Knabben Ingo , Anderlei Tibor , Trauthwein Harald , Dingerdissen Uwe , Büchs Jochen 
Published: February 2005

AbstractOxygen limitation is one of the most frequent problems associated with the application of shaking bioreactors. The gas–liquid oxygen transfer properties of shaken 48‐well microtiter plates (MTPs) were analyzed at different filling volumes, shaking diameters, and shaking frequencies. On the one hand, an optical method based on sulfite oxidation was used as a chemical model system to determine the maximum oxygen transfer capacity (OTRmax). On the other hand, the Respiration Activity Monitoring System (RAMOS) was applied for online measurement of the oxygen transfer rate (OTR) during growth of the methylotropic yeast Hansenula polymorpha. A proportionality constant between the OTRmax of the biological system and the OTRmax of the chemical system were indicated from these data, offering the possibility to transform the whole set of chemical data to biologically relevant conditions. The results exposed “out of phase” shaking conditions at a shaking diameter of 1 mm, which were confirmed by theoretical consideration with the phase number (Ph). At larger shaking diameters (2–50 mm) the oxygen transfer rate in MTPs shaken at high frequencies reached values of up to 0.28 mol/L/h, corresponding to a volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) of 1,600 1/h. The specific mass transfer area (a) increases exponentially with the shaking frequency up to values of 2,400 1/m. On the contrary, the mass transfer coefficient (kL) is constant at a level of about 0.15 m/h over a wide range of shaking frequencies and shaking diameters. However, at high shaking frequencies, when the complete liquid volume forms a thin film on the cylindric wall of the well, the mass transfer coefficient (kL) increases linearly to values of up to 0.76 m/h. Essentially, the present investigation demonstrates that the 48‐well plate outperforms the 96‐well MTP and shake flasks at widely used operating conditions with respect to oxygen supply. The 48‐well plates emerge, therefore, as an excellent alternative for microbial cultivation and expression studies combining the advantages of both the high‐throughput 96‐well MTP and the classical shaken Erlenmeyer flask. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.