bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insight into the d–p Orbital Hybridization of Ru and B Dispersed g‐C3N4 Catalysts for Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhang Ji , Liu Daojun , Yu Aimin , Li Dongsheng , Zhou Songlin , Sun Chenghua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractElectrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is considered as an important strategy for ammonia using green energy. Single atom catalysts (SACs) with a metal atom as active site have been shown its advantages to high ammonia yield and low energy consumption. In this work, we proposed a new concept of SACs with the capacity of d‐p orbital hybridization. These computationally designed SACs contained a metal and non‐metal pair anchored on g‐C3N4 slab. Among these SACs studied in the present work, RuB@g‐C3N4 catalyst performed the best activity for NRR with low onset potential of −0.33 V by a two‐step scanning computations using density functional theory (DFT). Moreover, suppressing effectively to the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) also make it more selective. It was further revealed that the hybridization of d‐p orbitals between metal and nonmetal could regulate the electronics of active sites and facilitate the adsorption and charge transfer of adsorbed N2 molecules resulting in enhanced catalytic performance. This work demonstrated an alternative way to further enhance the catalytic activity of SACs by introducing a non‐metal atom.
Quantitative image analysis pipeline for detecting circulating hybrid cells in immunofluorescence images with human‐level accuracy
Authors: Heussner Robert T. , Whalen Riley M. , Anderson Ashley , Theison Heather , Baik Joseph , Gibbs Summer , Wong Melissa H. , Chang Young Hwan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCirculating hybrid cells (CHCs) are a newly discovered, tumor‐derived cell population found in the peripheral blood of cancer patients and are thought to contribute to tumor metastasis. However, identifying CHCs by immunofluorescence (IF) imaging of patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is a time‐consuming and subjective process that currently relies on manual annotation by laboratory technicians. Additionally, while IF is relatively easy to apply to tissue sections, its application to PBMC smears presents challenges due to the presence of biological and technical artifacts. To address these challenges, we present a robust image analysis pipeline to automate the detection and analysis of CHCs in IF images. The pipeline incorporates quality control to optimize specimen preparation protocols and remove unwanted artifacts, leverages a β‐variational autoencoder (VAE) to learn meaningful latent representations of single‐cell images, and employs a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to achieve human‐level CHC detection. We created a rigorously labeled IF CHC data set including nine patients and two disease sites with the assistance of 10 annotators to evaluate the pipeline. We examined annotator variation and bias in CHC detection and provided guidelines to optimize the accuracy of CHC annotation. We found that all annotators agreed on CHC identification for only 65% of the cells in the data set and had a tendency to underestimate CHC counts for regions of interest (ROIs) containing relatively large amounts of cells (>50,000) when using the conventional enumeration method. On the other hand, our proposed approach is unbiased to ROI size. The SVM classifier trained on the β‐VAE embeddings achieved an F1 score of 0.80, matching the average performance of human annotators. Our pipeline enables researchers to explore the role of CHCs in cancer progression and assess their potential as a clinical biomarker for metastasis. Further, we demonstrate that the pipeline can identify discrete cellular phenotypes among PBMCs, highlighting its utility beyond CHCs.
Fungal communities associated with early immature tubers of wild Gastrodia elata
Authors: Li Dong , Jin Xiao‐Han , Li Yu , Wang Yu‐Chuan , He Hai‐Yan , Zhang Han‐Bo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFull myco‐heterotrophic orchid Gastrodia elata Bl. is widely distributed in Northeast Asia, and previous research has not fully investigated the symbiotic fungal community of its early immature tubers. This study utilized Illumina sequencing to compare symbiotic fungal communities in natural G. elata immature tubers and their habitats. LEfSe (Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size) was used to screen for Biomarkers that could explain variations among different fungal communities, and correlation analyses were performed among Biomarkers and other common orchid mycorrhizal fungi. Our results illustrate that the symbiotic fungal communities of immature G. elata tubers cannot be simply interpreted as subsets of the environmental fungal communities because some key members cannot be traced back to the environment. The early growth of G. elata was related to a small group of fungi, such as Sebacina, Thelephora, and Inocybe, which were also common mycorrhizal fungi from other orchids. In addition, Mycena, Auricularia, and Cryptococcus were unique fungal partners of G. elata, and many new species have yet to be discovered. Possible symbiotic Mycena should be M. plumipes and its sibling species in this case. Our results provide insight into the symbiotic partner switch and trophic pattern change during the development and maturation of G. elata.
Among‐individual behavioural variation in the ornamental red cherry shrimp, Neocaridina heteropoda
Authors: Rickward Rosie Ann , Santostefano Francesca , Wilson Alastair James 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPersonality variation, defined as among‐individual differences in behaviour that are repeatable across time and context, is widely reported across animal taxa. From an evolutionary perspective, characterising the amount and structure of this variation is useful since differences among individuals are the raw material for adaptive behavioural evolution. However, behavioural variation among individuals also has implications for more applied areas of evolution and ecology—from invasion biology to ecotoxicology and selective breeding in captive systems. Here, we investigate the structure of personality variation in the red cherry shrimp, Neocaridina heteropoda, a popular ornamental species that is readily kept and bred under laboratory conditions and is emerging as a decapod crustacean model across these fields, but for which basic biological, ecological and behavioural data are limited. Using two assays and a repeated measures approach, we quantify behaviours putatively indicative of shy–bold variation and test for sexual dimorphism and/or size‐dependent behaviours (as predicted by some state‐dependent models of personality). We find moderate‐to‐high behavioural repeatabilities in most traits. Although strong individual‐level correlations across behaviours are consistent with a major personality axis underlying these observed traits, the multivariate structure of personality variation does not fully match a priori expectations of a shy–bold axis. This may reflect our ecological naivety with respect to what really constitutes bolder, more risk‐prone, behaviour in this species. We find no evidence for sexual dimorphism and only weak support for size‐dependent behaviour. Our study contributes to the growing literature describing behavioural variation in aquatic invertebrates. Furthermore, it lays a foundation for further studies harnessing the potential of this emerging model system. In particular, this existing behavioural variation could be functionally linked to life‐history traits and invasive success and serve as a target of artificial selection or bioassays. It thus holds significant promise in applied research across ecotoxicology, aquaculture and invasion biology.
Temperature and nutrients alter the relative importance of stochastic and deterministic processes in the coastal macroinvertebrates biodiversity assembly on long‐time scales
Authors: Wan Xuhao , Fang Yuan , Jiang Yueming , Lu Xueqiang , Zhu Lin , Feng Jianfeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMacroinvertebrates play a vital role in coastal ecosystems and are an important indicator of ecosystem quality. Both anthropogenic activity and environmental changes may lead to significant changes in the marine macroinvertebrate community. However, the assembly process of benthic biodiversity and its mechanism driven by environmental factors at large scales remains unclear. Here, using the benthic field survey data of 15 years at large spatial and temporal scales from the Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem, we investigated the relative importance of environmental selection, dispersal processes, random‐deterministic processes of macroinvertebrates community diversity assembly, and the responses of this relative importance driven by temperature and nutrients. Results showed that the macroinvertebrates community diversity is mainly affected by dispersal. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the most important negative factors among environmental variables, while geographical distance is the main limiting factor of β diversity. Within the range of 0.35–0.70 mg/L of nutrients, increasing nutrient concentration can significantly facilitate the contribution of the decay effect to β diversity. Within the temperature range studied (15.0–18.0°C), both warming and cooling can lead to a greater tendency for species diversity assembly processes to be dominated by deterministic processes. The analysis contributes to a better understanding of the assembly process of the diversity of coastal marine macroinvertebrates communities and how they adapt to global biogeochemical processes.
The association between vertebral artery hypoplasia and fetal‐type variants of the posterior cerebral artery with imaging findings among patients with posterior circulation stroke: A single‐center cross‐sectional study
Authors: Layegh Parvaneh , Jarahi Lida , Hassannejad Ehsan , Arab Marziye 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimThe present study investigated the correlation between vertebral artery hypoplasia and fetal‐type variations of posterior cerebral arteries with stroke patterns and imaging findings in individuals with posterior circulation ischemic stroke.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, patients with symptoms of acute ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation system referred to Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad between 2016 and 2022 were investigated. Demographic data, including age, gender, systemic diseases, history of previous stroke or transient ischemic attacks, and clinical manifestations of patients, were recorded using questionnaires and checklists from patient files. The results of imaging studies, including magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography angiography, were also recorded. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software.ResultsAmong 974 patients suffering from posterior circulation ischemic stroke, 155 patients with an average age of 60.44 ± 13.95 years were included in the study, out of which 97 patients (62.6%) were male. Unilateral vertebral artery hypoplasia on the right, left, and bilateral hypoplasia was present in 67 (43.2%), 35 (22.6%), and 5 (3.2%) patients, respectively. There were complete unilateral fetal origin on the right in 38 (24.5%), complete unilateral on the left in 12 (7.7%), partial unilateral on the right in 12 (7.7%), partial unilateral on the left in 6 (3.9%), complete bilateral in 14 (9%), and partial bilateral in 8 (5.2%) patients. There was no significant relationship between vertebral artery hypoplasia and PCA fetal‐type variants with different ischemia locations and infarct patterns (p > 0.05). Also, there was no significant relationship between the age and gender of patients with ischemia location and infarct pattern (p > 0.05).ConclusionDespite previous evidence showing a relation between vertebral artery hypoplasia and PCA fetal‐type variants as risk factors for PC stroke, the present study did not establish a significant correlation between these factors and the location of ischemia and infarct patterns.
Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and associated factors in Bangladeshi adolescents during COVID‐19
Authors: Anjum Afifa , Mousum Sabrina , Ratan Zubair Ahmed , Salwa Marium , Khan Md Maruf H. , Islam Mohammad Tanvir , Arafat S. M. Yasir , Haque M. Atiqul 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe COVID‐19 pandemic and its accompanying countermeasures significantly disrupt the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of adolescents. We aimed to estimate the status and associated factors related to HRQoL of adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic from the community population of Bangladesh.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study followed two‐stage sampling. From eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh, 2030 adolescents were enrolled. The KIDSCREEN‐10 index was used to measure the HRQoL of adolescents. In addition to this, adolescents' data on sociodemographics, mental well‐being, parenting style, insomnia, food insecurity, depression, anxiety and stress, resilient coping, screen‐based activity, and anthropometry were taken for finding out the factors associated with HRQoL of adolescents. The hierarchical multilinear regression was performed to assess the association.ResultsMore than 47% of adolescents were found to have moderate and high HRQoL, while 4.7% of adolescents experienced low HRQoL during data collection. Higher age (B: −0.671), having more siblings (B: −0.316), food insecurity (B: ‒2.010), depression (B: ‒0.321), anxiety (B: ‒0.362), and stress (B: ‒0.150) were found to have significantly negative associations with adolescents' HRQoL during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Whereas, positive parenting (B: 0.409), inconsistent parenting discipline (B: 0.266), good mental health (B: 5.662), resilient coping (B: 0.306) were found to have significant positive relationships.ConclusionsThe findings from this study indicate that over 52% of the adolescents reported a moderate and lower level of HRQoL. In light of these results, it may be beneficial to prioritize interventions targeting psychological factors such as depression, anxiety, and stress.
Dietary Intakes of Young Children with Cystic Fibrosis: Is There a Difference?
Authors: Bentur L. , Kalnins D. , Levison H. , Corey M. , Durie P. R. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryCaloric intakes of preadolescent and adolescent girls and boys with cystic fibrosis (CF) were compared in order to evaluate the possibility that poor caloric intake contributes to poor nutritional status and high mortality among girls with CF. Fifty‐six CF patients (26 girls and 30 boys), 10‐15 years old, completed a 3‐day food record, answered a short questionnaire, and underwent anthropometric and pulmonary function assessment. The mean ages of the girls and boys were similar, but the height and weight percentiles of the girls were lower than those of the boys (p = 0.02). Mean caloric intakes were no different (116% and 112% of the recommended nutrient intake in the girls and boys, respectively). Nutritional status, as determined by weight as a percentage of ideal weight for height, mean triceps skinfold thickness, and midarm muscle circumference, was normal and similar in both sexes. Most girls and boys with CF in this study had an appropriate perception of their body weight. Pulmonary function tests suggested mild lung disease with no significant difference between girls and boys (forced expiratory volume in 1 s of 82.2% and 79.8% of predicted values, respectively). The similar nutritional and pulmonary status of the girls and boys with CF in this age group is in contrast to previous reports. This finding may be the result of our policy, introduced >15 years ago, of expecting normal growth, by paying close attention to enzyme therapy and encouraging high energy intake from the time of diagnosis. It remains to be seen whether boys and girls continue to maintain similar nutritional and pulmonary status at a later age and whether both sexes experience a similar mortality rate as they age.
Long‐Term Persistence of Hepatitis B Virus DNA in the Serum of Children with Chronic Hepatitis B after Hepatitis B e Antigen to Antibody Seroconversion
Authors: Bortolotti Flavia , Wirth Stefan , Crivellaro Carlo , Alberti Alfredo , Martine Ursula , de Moliner Lorena 
Published: February 2024

SummaryTo evaluate the prevalence and duration of viremia in relation to the features of liver disease, we investigated hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA by the polymerase chain reaction in the serum of 39 children with chronic hepatitis B, after hepatitis B e antigen to antibody seroconversion. During a mean observation period of 8.2 ± 3.8 years after seroconversion, all patients were asymptomatic; 36 had persistently normal alanine aminotransferase levels, and three had occasional mild alterations. Liver histology, checked in 21 patients, showed persistent hepatitis in nine, fibrosis in 10, and cirrhosis in two cases. HBV DNA was always undetectable by dot blot hybridization. Five children eventually cleared hepatitis B surface antigen, including one with cirrhosis who developed liver cancer at 19 years. HBV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction in 87% of children within 5 years of follow‐up, in 58% of cases 6‐10 years after seroconversion (p < 0.001), and in 50% of patients investigated later. Long‐term viremia was found in two patients (40%) who cleared HBsAg, including the one who developed liver cancer. The chances of clearing viremia during follow‐up were higher in children with acute hepatitis at the onset of illness (86%) than in those with asymptomatic onset (37%; p < 0.05). Our results show that low levels of HBV viremia, probably reflecting low levels of virus replication, persist for several years in children with chronic hepatitis B after hepatitis B e antigen to antibody seroconversion and remission of liver disease, even after the clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen. Persistent replication could support mild biochemical alterations and inflammatory liver lesions. It could allow late reactivation of liver disease and may play a role in the development of carcinoma.
Twenty‐Four Hour Ambulatory Gastric and Duodenal pH Profiles in Cystic Fibrosis: Effect of Duodenal Hyperacidity on Pancreatic EnzymeFunction and Fat Absorption
Authors: Barraclough M. , Taylor C. J. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryOvert steatorrhoea remains a problem for some patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) despite supraphysiological dosages of pancreatic enzymes. As pancreatin release and enzyme function is influenced by duodenal pH, we have used 24‐h ambulatory pH measurements to assess the extent and duration of postprandial hyperacidity. Readings were obtained from the stomach and proximal duodenum in 16 CF patients (aged 6 months to 12 years) using a dual‐channel antimony electrode. The fasting gastric and duodenal pH values were normal in all patients (mean pH values of 1.3, and 6.8, respectively). There was, however, a marked drop in duodenal pH in the first postprandial hour, which became more pronounced with successive meals. The total time that duodenal pH was <5 varied from 15 to 90% of the recording (mean 57%). Overnight the duodenal pH returned to normal levels. A subgroup of five patients were studied before and after treatment with omeprazole, a potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. There were significant improvements in both weight gain and fat absorption. This study supports the hypothesis that the postprandial duodenal pH is excessively acid in patients with CF and may be an important element in the continuing fat malabsorption experienced by some patients. This malabsorption may limit the efficacy of the newer high‐lipase pancreatic enzyme supplements and lead to delayed enzyme release, a possible factor in the recent reports of proximal colonic strictures.
How Valid Are Clinical Signs of Dehydration in Infants?
Authors: Duggan Christopher , Refat Mamdouh , Hashem Mohamed , Wolff Mark , Fayad Ibrahim , Santosham Mathuram 
Published: February 2024

SummaryOur objective was to determine the ability of several clinical signs of dehydration to distinguish among degrees of dehydration in infants with acute diarrhea. The design was a prospective cohort study in a pediatric referral hospital in Cairo, Egypt. Infant boys, 3‐18 months old, with a history of acute diarrhea (5 or more watery stools per day for no more than 7 days) were eligible, except those with frank protein‐energy malnutrition, serious nongastrointestinal illness, or being exclusively breast‐fed. Several clinical signs of dehydration were assessed upon study entry. Subjects were then rehydrated with an oral rehydration solution and fed a standardized diet until diarrhea ceased (no watery or loose stools for 16 h). The main outcome measure was percent body weight gain at rehydration and at resolution of illness. Data from 135 subjects were available for analysis. Average (SD) rehydration phase duration was 5.2 (2.1) h, and average (SD) duration of illness was 54.5 (38) h. Multiple regression analysis selected prolonged skinfold, altered neurologic status, sunken eyes, and dry oral mucosa as the clinical signs that correlated best with percent dehydration (R2for model 0.244, p < 0.001). Mean weight gain for the two assessment systems was 3.6‐3.9% for mild, 4.9‐5.3% for moderate, and 9.5‐9.8% for severe dehydration. The most valid clinical signs of dehydration include prolonged skinfold, altered neurologic status, sunken eyes, and dry oral mucosa. Children with clinical signs of mild or moderate dehydration have fluid deficits on the order of 3 or 5% body weight, respectively.
Breast‐Feeding and Growth Factors in Preterm Newborn Infants
Authors: Díaz‐Gómez N. Marta , Domenech Eduardo , Barroso Flora 
Published: February 2024

Background:We analyzed the role that nutrition and the insulin‐like growth factors IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 play on neonatal growth.Methods:Full‐term and preterm infants with 1 and 3 weeks of postnatal life (n = 54 and n = 33, respectively) were studied. Anthropmetric variables, daily intake of energy and nutrients, and serum levels of IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 were measured.Results:At the first week after birth, preterm infants had lower IGF‐I levels than did those in the control group. At the third week of postnatal life, serum IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 levels showed a significant increase. Preterm infants born before 33 gestational weeks showed lower IGF‐I (p < 0.02) and IGFBP‐3 (p < 0.02) levels than those born between 33 and 37 gestational weeks. Preterm infants fed with human milk supplemented with a formula showed higher serum IGF‐I levels than those fed exclusively with a milk formula (mean ± SEM 48.2 ± 9.5 μg/L vs. 25.4 ± 4.4 μg/L, p < 0.05). IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 were correlated between themselves and with energy and protein intake. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that energy intake and serum IGFBP‐3 levels were the most predictable variables with regard to IGF‐I levels at neonatal period.Conclusions:These feedings suggest that IGF‐I levels during the neonatal periods are influenced by the maturity stage of the newborn, energy intake, and the type of lactation.