bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening high-risk Veterans for cirrhosis: taking a stepwise population health approach
Authors: Dounel Jonathan , Lamorte Carolyn , Patton Heather , Perumalswami Ponni , McCurdy Heather , Kim Nicole J. , Beste Lauren A. , Scott Dawn , Casey Jessimarie , Spoutz Patrick , Chia Linda , Yao Yiwen , Lowy Elliott , Gibson Sandra , Morgan Timothy R. , Rogal Shari S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Because cirrhosis is often unrecognized, we aimed to develop a stepwise screening algorithm for cirrhosis in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and assess this approach’s feasibility and acceptability.

Methods
VHA hepatology clinicians (“champions”) were invited to participate in a pilot program from June 2020 to October 2022. The VHA Corporate Data Warehouse was queried to identify Veterans with possible undiagnosed cirrhosis using Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) ≥ 3.25 and at least one risk factor for liver disease (e.g., obesity), and generate an age-stratified sample. Champions at four sites reviewed charts to confirm eligibility and contacted Veterans to offer further evaluation with elastography. Feasibility was defined as protocol implementation with completion of at least one elastography test and acceptability was defined based on Veteran- and clinician-reported surveys. Participation in the program, patient outcomes, adaptations to the protocol, and implementation barriers were also assessed.

Results
Four sites were able to implement the screening protocol. Adaptations included type of outreach (primary care vs. hepatology, phone vs. mail) and type of elastography used. One site chose to refer patients with clear evidence of cirrhosis directly to hepatology (n = 12) rather than to elastography. Key implementation barriers included staffing, primary care provider (PCP) comfort with interpreting and communicating results, and appointment availability during the COVID-19 pandemic. Of 488 patients whose charts were reviewed, 230 were excluded from outreach based on predefined criteria (e.g., advanced cancer, prior or current referral to hepatology). Champions and PCPs attempted to contact 165 of 246 Veterans who were deemed eligible for evaluation with elastography. Among 53 Veterans who completed elastography, 22 (42%) had findings consistent with significant fibrosis and were referred to hepatology. Clinicians and Veterans reported high acceptability of the program on surveys (80% of Veterans who completed survey).

Conclusions
This pilot demonstrated the feasibility, acceptability, and challenges of a multisite approach to cirrhosis screening.
Evaluation of Lyso-Gb1 as a biomarker for Gaucher disease treatment outcomes using data from the Gaucher Outcome Survey
Authors: Zimran Ari , Revel-Vilk Shoshana , Dinur Tama , Istaiti Majdolen , Botha Jaco , Lukina Elena , Giraldo Pilar , Deegan Patrick , Dahl Stephan vom 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Patients with Gaucher disease (GD) require continual monitoring; however, lack of specific disease biomarkers was a significant challenge in the past. Glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1) has been shown to be a reliable, key, specific, and sensitive biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response in clinical studies of patients with GD. We evaluated the change in lyso-Gb1 concentration over time following enzyme replacement therapy in patients with confirmed GD using real-world data from the Gaucher Outcome Survey disease registry.

Methods
Data for patients aged ≥ 18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of GD and at least two lyso-Gb1 assessments were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were stratified by treatment status at baseline (time of first lyso-Gb1 assessment). Lyso-Gb1 concentrations were measured from dried blood spot (DBS) samples by Centogene AG. Assessments included change in lyso-Gb1 concentration, hemoglobin concentration, platelet counts, and spleen and liver volume from baseline to the last lyso-Gb1 assessment.

Results
Of 2007 patients enrolled in the Gaucher Outcome Survey as of February 25, 2022, 435 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study: 318 treated (‘all treated’; 277 receiving treatment at baseline, 41 treatment naive at baseline), 38 receiving treatment at baseline who stopped treatment before the last lyso-Gb1 assessment, and 79 untreated. Lyso-Gb1 concentrations decreased from baseline to the last lyso-Gb1 assessment for all treated patients (median change − 8.6 ng/mL), and increased for untreated patients (median change 25.0 ng/mL) and those who stopped treatment (median change 19.5 ng/mL). Decreases were greater for all treatment-naive than previously treated patients (median change − 120.5 vs. − 3.3 ng/mL) and for velaglucerase alfa–treated patients vs. the overall treated cohort (–32.6 vs. − 8.6 ng/mL). Small improvements in hemoglobin concentrations, platelet counts, and spleen volume were observed for treated patients but not untreated/stopped treatment cohorts.

Conclusions
In this study, changes in lyso-Gb1 concentrations from DBS were reflective of responses to enzyme replacement therapy initiation or withdrawal in most patients. These findings confirm that the use of DBS samples for routine monitoring of lyso-Gb1 concentrations in patients with GD is feasible in real-world settings and may be useful to assess treatment response.
Exploiting venom toxins in paratransgenesis to prevent mosquito-borne disease
Authors: French Stephanie , Da Silva Rachael , Storm Janet , Wastika Christida E. , Cullen India , Have Martijn ten , Hughes Grant L. , Modahl Cassandra M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of numerous pathogens, including Plasmodium parasites, arboviruses and filarial worms. They pose a significant risk to public health with over 200 million cases of malaria per annum and approximately 4 billion people at risk of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses). Mosquito populations are geographically expanding into temperate regions and their distribution is predicted to continue increasing. Mosquito symbionts, including fungi, bacteria and viruses, have desirable traits for mosquito disease control including spreading horizontally and vertically through mosquito populations and potentially colonising multiple important vector species. Paratransgenesis, genetic modification of mosquito symbionts with effectors to target the pathogen rather than the vector, is a promising strategy to prevent the spread of mosquito-borne diseases. A variety of effectors can be expressed but venom toxins are excellent effector candidates because they are target specific, potent and stable. However, the only toxins to be explored in mosquito paratransgenesis to date are scorpine and mutated phospholipase A2. To enhance the scope, effectiveness and durability of paratransgenesis, an expanded arsenal of effectors is required. This review discusses other potential toxin effectors for future paratransgenesis studies based on prior in vitro and in vivo antiparasitic and antiviral studies and highlights the need for further research and investment in this area. In terms of mosquito-borne diseases, paratransgenesis strategies have been developed to target Plasmodium. We postulate the potential to apply this principle to target arboviruses using antiviral toxin effectors.

Graphical Abstract
Development and application of a clinical core data set for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease, dystonia or tremor: from data collection to data exchange and data sharing
Authors: Hofmann Anna-Lena , Widmann Jonas , Brandstetter Lilly , Selig Udo , Haug Fabian , Haug Julian , Pryss Rüdiger , Mecklenburg Jasper , Kreichgauer Andrea , Capetian Philipp , Hartmann Christian J. , Niklas Christian , Ritter Petra , Krause Patricia , Schnitzler Alfons , Volkmann Jens , Kühn Andrea A. , Heuschmann Peter , Haas Kirsten 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Comprehensive clinical data regarding factors influencing the individual disease course of patients with movement disorders treated with deep brain stimulation might help to better understand disease progression and to develop individualized treatment approaches.

Methods
The clinical core data set was developed by a multidisciplinary working group within the German transregional collaborative research network ReTune. The development followed standardized methodology comprising review of available evidence, a consensus process and performance of the first phase of the study. To ensure high data quality, measures for standardized training, monitoring as well as plausibility and data quality tests were implemented.

Results
The clinical core data set comprises information about medical history, clinical symptoms, information about deep brain stimulation surgery, complications and outcome for the main neurological movement disorders Parkinson’s disease, tremor, and dystonia. Its applicability as well as data exchange and quality control was tested within the first phase of the study in 51 patients from Würzburg.

Conclusions
Within the ReTune project, a standardised clinical core data set for Parkinson’s disease, dystonia and tremor was developed. The collection as well as concepts for the implementation of monitoring and data exchange were elaborated and successfully tested.

Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov (DRKS-ID: DRKS00031878).
Research on the lightweight detection method of rail internal damage based on improved YOLOv8
Authors: Wu Xiaochun , Yu Shuzhan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To address the challenges of high computational costs, large storage demands, and low detection accuracy in internal rail damage identification, we propose a lightweight detection model, GhostMicroNet-YOLOv8n, as an enhancement of YOLOv8n. This model offers efficient and reliable technical support for detecting and classifying internal rail damage in rail flaw detection tasks. The proposed model introduces four key innovations. Firstly, the GhostHGNetV2 network is adopted as the feature extraction backbone, which reduces computational costs through structural optimization. Secondly, the Triplet Attention (TA) mechanism is incorporated to enhance the model’s ability to distinguish internal rail damage from complex backgrounds, thereby improving detection accuracy. Thirdly, the network structure is refined to better capture the scale characteristics of damage in B-scan data, improving small-target detection. Finally, the model is compressed using the Layer-Adaptive Sparsity for Magnitude-Based Pruning (LAMP) technique, significantly reducing model complexity while maintaining performance. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed model, achieving a 2.67% improvement in detection accuracy, a 91.67% reduction in parameters, a 64.20% decrease in computational cost, and an 84.87% reduction in model size compared to YOLOv8n. The model achieves an optimal balance between detection accuracy and computational efficiency, addressing the railroad industry’s demand for real-time defect detection and ensuring accurate flaw identification in resource-constrained Rail Fault Detection (RFD) vehicles.
Reuse and Iconoclasm in the Medieval Deccan
Authors: Manohar Mohit 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
While instances of both reuse and iconoclasm are well known from several medieval buildings in South Asia, the conjunction of these two related-but-distinct processes have seldom been analyzed. In this article, I present two architectural case studies from Daulatabad, a major fortified city in Deccan India, that include unexamined cases of reuse and iconoclasm: its principal eastern gate and the shrine of the Sufi shaykh Ganj-i Rawan. Although occurring within an Islamic context, the instances of reuse and iconoclasm within these palimpsestic spaces are not coeval with what is seen in early Indian mosques—the structures through which issues of reuse and iconoclasm have been most extensively analyzed in existing scholarship. Nor can stereotypical ideas of “Islamic iconoclasm” explain the complex iconographic program of the city gate or the unexpected rituals at the Sufi shrine. I argue that reuse and iconoclasm at the city gate served a political purpose, whereas that at the Sufi shrine had a religious significance. I also propose a way to collectively examine instances of reuse and iconoclasm in the built environment. While the logic of these two processes appears to be in an inherent tension, I theorize that the deployment of reuse and iconoclasm in the built environment served to reinforce a particular agenda—in the current case, a political and a religious one, respectively—and was not guided by disparate concerns. Alongside, I develop the concept of “ideational reuse,” in which later occupant(s) of a site creatively reused narratives and rituals associated with earlier occupant(s).
Surgical Fixation of Thoracolumbar Fractures in Patients Older than 80 Years
Authors: Zaw Shane , Sen Lin , Koh Joshua Zhi En , Ow Lilian , Shree Kumar Dinesh , Teo Hong Lee Terry , Chew Zhihong , Koh Ree Yi , Yang Zhen , Yeo Andy Kuei Siong , Lee Lester 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
The global average life expectancy has been increasing steadily as the quality of healthcare continues to improve. However, there is a paucity of data looking at surgical fixation of thoracolumbar spine fractures in patients ≥80 years (super-elderly). Aim of this study is to look at whether there is higher rate of complications from surgical fixation of thoracolumbar fractures in this group of patients.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective study of patients who underwent surgical fixation of thoracolumbar spine fractures from 2019 to 2023. Patients were dichotomized into those who were 80 years old and above (super-elderly) and those younger than 80 years (control). Variables include sex, age, Charleston comorbidity index, presence of osteoporosis, length of hospital stay, complications, 6- and 12-months' implant status, and mortality. Incidence of revision surgery, rate of implant loosening, and mortality between the 2 groups were analyzed.

RESULTS:
Total of 108 patients were included, 43 patients in the super-elderly group and 65 in the control group. Despite the super-elderly having a higher rate of osteoporosis and higher proportion of patients with severe comorbidities (P < .0001), there was no significant difference in the rate of implant loosening at 12 months' follow-up (P = .467) or all-cause mortality (P = .158). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding revision surgery (P = .923) needed either.

CONCLUSION:
The super-elderly had a higher incidence of osteoporosis and worse comorbidities, but there was no significant difference regarding implant complications, revision surgery required, or all-cause mortality. Hence, surgical fixation of thoracolumbar spine fractures in people older than 80 years should be considered despite their advanced age.
Feasibility, Safety, and Impact of Awake Resection for Recurrent Insular Diffuse Gliomas in Adults
Authors: Demasi Marco , Elia Angela , Simboli Giorgia Antonia , Moiraghi Alessandro , Paun Luca , Hudelist Benoit , Hamza Meissa , Schumacher Xavier , Trancart Bénédicte , Seneca Maimiti , Dezamis Edouard , Muto Jun , Chretien Fabrice , Oppenheim Catherine , Roux Alexandre , Zanello Marc , Pallud Johan 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The risk-to-benefit ratio of transopercular awake resection for recurrent insular diffuse gliomas is poorly studied. We assessed feasibility, safety, and efficacy of awake surgical resection of recurrent insular diffuse gliomas in patients with previous treatments (resection and/or radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy and/or combination).

METHODS:
Observational, retrospective, single-institution cohort analysis (2010-2023) of 123 consecutive adult patients operated on for an insular diffuse glioma (2021 World Health Organization classification) under awake conditions. Comparison between awake resection for an insular diffuse glioma as first-line treatment (n = 87) and after previous treatments (n = 36).

RESULTS:
Function-based transopercular awake resection for a recurrent insular diffuse glioma (1) did not increase intraoperative adverse events compared with first-line resection; (2) was associated with a higher rate of intraoperative insufficient cooperation in patients with a previous combined oncological treatment (33.3%), compared with patients with a previous monotherapeutic modality (7.4%), and compared with patients with a first-line surgery (8.1%, P = .046); (3) resulted in resection rates similar to those of awake resection at first-line surgery (median 91.9%, vs 90.1%); (4) did not increase surgery-related complications or duration of hospital stay; (5) did not worsen the 6-month Karnofsky Performance Status score, seizure control, and sick leave; (6) did not influence the 6-month sick leave from work, but was associated with longer sick leave in patients with high-grade gliomas (38.0% vs 7.7%, P < .001).

CONCLUSION:
Function-based transopercular awake resection seems feasible and safe at recurrence of a previously treated insular diffuse glioma, with similar resection rates and outcomes than first-time surgery.
Effect of Ibuprofen on Markers of Acute Kidney Injury, Intestinal Injury, and Endotoxemia after Running in the Heat
Authors: Specht Jonathan W. , Bailly Alyssa R. , Garcia Serena , Klepacz Steven , De Oliveira Suzana Andrade , Lucero David , McKenna Zachary J. , Schlader Zachary J. , Amorim Fabiano T. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To test the hypothesis that ibuprofen ingestion exacerbates markers of acute kidney injury (AKI), gastrointestinal (GI) injury, and endotoxemia after running in the heat.

Methods
Using a randomized double-blind crossover design, eleven physically active individuals (six women) ingested 600 mg of ibuprofen or placebo 12- and one-hour prior to running one-hour in a heated chamber (35 °C, 20%-60% R.H.) at an intensity of 60% V̇O2peak. Blood and urine samples were collected pre-, post-, and one-hour post-exercise to assess cytokines and markers of AKI, GI injury, and endotoxemia.

Results
One hour of running in the heat increased markers of AKI (urinary product of IGFBP7•TIMP2 [Placebo: ∆ 1.8 ± 0.8 log10(ng/ml)2/1000, Ibuprofen: ∆ 1.8 ± 0.9 log10(ng/ml)2/1000], urinary NGAL, and serum cystatin C), GI damage (I-FABP [Placebo: ∆ 631 ± 446 pg/ml, Ibuprofen: ∆ 576 ± 455 pg/ml]), and inflammatory cytokines (TNFα [Placebo: ∆ 5.2 ± 3.5 pg/ml, Ibuprofen: ∆ 6.2 ± 4.9 pg/ml], IL-6, IL-10, and MCP-1), but these changes were not exacerbated by ibuprofen ingestion. There were effects of time (p < 0.001) and condition (p = 0.03) for serum IL-8, with greater concentrations in the ibuprofen (pre: 11.4 ± 5.1 pg/mL, post: 15.5 ± 7.3 pg/ml) trials than placebo (pre: 9.7 ± 4.2 pg/mL, post: 11.7 ± 5.4 pg/mL). There were no effects of time or condition on markers of endotoxemia (LBP [Placebo: ∆ -1.2 ± 3.2 μg/ml, Ibuprofen: ∆ 1.0 ± 1.6 μg/ml], sCD14).

Conclusions
These findings indicate that ibuprofen ingestion does not worsen intestinal or renal injury experienced during one hour of exercise in the heat, but increases pro-inflammatory IL-8.
Cutaneous coccidioidomycosis presenting as a facial rash
Authors: Remmert Nicole , Feuillet Pablo , Rangaswamy Barath 
Published: January 2025

Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection caused by the inhalation of Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii spores. After inhalation, the infection can spread hematogenously or through lymphatics to any organ, so the clinical presentation of coccidioidomycosis can vary greatly. A 38-year-old man with obesity was referred to an infectious disease clinic due to a cutaneous coccidioidomycosis infection of his face. The patient initially presented to his primary care physician with symptoms of fatigue, knee pain, and a facial rash that had persisted for a couple of months. Initial treatment involved a course of oral antibiotics, yielding no improvement. Subsequently, the patient sought evaluation at a dermatologist's office for multiple lesions on his face and scalp. Another round of oral antibiotics and topical mupirocin ointment was prescribed. The lesions were biopsied, and a culture tested positive for Coccidioides immitis. He was then referred to infectious disease for management. The physical examination revealed a scaling, erythematous rash located on the right cheek, forehead, and scalp. Vital signs were normal. A chest computed tomography was positive for multiple pulmonary nodules consistent with a history of coccidioidomycosis infection. Laboratory results revealed a cocci IgM titer of 1.2, IgG titer of 8.8, and an antibody by complement fixation titer of 1:128. The patient was started on oral fluconazole 200 mg daily, which was later increased to 400 mg twice daily. The patient began to show improvement in his skin lesions. We report an unusual presentation of cutaneous coccidioidomycosis as a facial rash. Clinicians, especially in endemic areas, should be aware of the differing presentations of Coccidioides infections.

Keywords: cutaneous coccidioidomycosis; Coccidioides immitis, fluconazole
Short of Capital: Stock Market Implications of Short Sellers’ Losses
Authors: Gargano Antonio , Sotes-Paladino Juan , Verwijmeren Patrick 
Published: January 2025

We provide evidence that losses constrain short sellers but not the transmission of information to prices. Using unique data on U.S. equity lending, we document a negative impact of the mark-to-market losses of a stock’s short sellers, but no impact of their gains, on the future shorting of the stock. Consistent with funding and institutional constraints limiting short selling, we further show that the effect is highly asymmetric across different loss levels and stronger among stocks facing higher margin requirements. However, loss-making short selling has no impact on price efficiency or predictive power for returns, suggesting that these constraints affect mostly uninformed shorting activity. This paper was accepted by Agostino Capponi, finance. Funding: This work was supported by the University of Melbourne [Faculty Research Grant]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.01356 .
1  kHz, 70  mJ, high-energy hundred-picosecond fiber–solid-state hybrid laser amplification
Authors: Yang Guangdao , Meng Xianghao , Jiao Tianmeng , Mao Dun , Gong Zhaoqing , Zhao Xianglong , Liu Haiyang , Yang Jie , Shao Xin , Li Pingxue 
Published: January 2025

We have demonstrated a 1 µm fiber–solid-state hybrid high-energy laser in the hundred-picosecond range. Operating at a repetition rate of 1 kHz, the output energy was 71.1 mJ with a pulse duration of 63.8 ps. By simulating and analyzing the pumped laser intensity inside crystals of different cross-section diameters, and by utilizing the spherical aberration self-compensation effect, the positive spherical aberration thermal lens of the crystal could be reasonably utilized to compensate for the spherical aberration of the beam; the beam quality is M
x
2=2.10 and M
y
2=2.43. This high-energy multi-stage laser, which does not require pumping optical coupling or insertion of additional spherical aberration compensating elements, can be used in the fields of non-linear frequency conversion and industrial precision machining.