bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppression of the Defence‐Related Oxidative Burst in Bean Leaf Tissue and Bean Suspension Cells by the Necrotrophic Pathogen Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Unger Ch. , Kleta S. , Jandl G. , Tiedemann A. v. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe interaction of two selected isolates of Botrytis cinerea with bean suspension cells and bean leaf discs was compared in relation to levels of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI). Isolate B 1.7 was arrested by a hypersensitive‐like necrosis of bean leaf tissue. According to its inability to spread and produce conidia on the bean leaf tissue it was classified as non‐aggressive. The second isolate induced a fast expanding light brownish necrosis of the leaf tissue. It was able to produce conidia on bean leaf discs and was classified as aggressive. The generation of superoxide was followed biochemically in inoculated bean cell suspensions. Both isolates induced a similar early superoxide peak approximately 18‐h post inoculation (hpi). While the non‐aggressive isolate induced a much stronger secondary superoxide burst at 33 hpi, the level of superoxide of suspension cells inoculated with the aggressive isolate was below the control level. This is the first report on the occurrence of a biphasic oxidative burst in plant cells induced by a fungal pathogen. Such a suppression of superoxide generation was also observed in bean leaf discs inoculated with the aggressive isolate. An oxidative burst‐suppressing agent was extracted from inoculated cell culture medium and determined as 2‐methyl‐succinate (2‐MS) by GC/MS analysis. The compound was detected approximately 20 hpi in the aggressive fungus–plant interaction. 2‐MS was able to suppress the hypersensitive response‐like necrosis on leaf discs as well as the second superoxide burst in suspension cells when inoculated with the non‐aggressive isolate. The early superoxide burst at 18 hpi was not affected. The results confirm the important role of enhanced production of ROI in plant resistance reactions, also for a necrotrophlike B. cinerea.
Effect of some Environmental Factors on In Vitro Germination of Urediniospores and Infection of Lentils by Rust
Authors: Negussie T. , Pretorius Z. A. , Bender C. M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor accurate lentil (Lens culinaris) rust phenotyping in controlled environments, conditions for infection should be optimized. Therefore, the effects of temperature on germination and germ tube growth of Uromyces viciae‐fabae, as well as the effect of different dew periods, were quantified. In all experiments urediniospores of a single‐pustule isolate were applied using a previously calibrated settling tower. After 3 h of incubation, a high percentage (≥80%) of spore germination was observed on 1.5% water agar at 10, 15, 20 and 25°C, with an optimum (99%) at 20°C. At this sampling time the length of germ tubes ranged from 66 μm (10°C) to 196 μm (20°C). Growth of germ tubes increased progressively from 10 to 20°C and then declined at 25°C. For minimum infection of lentil cultivar EL‐142 at 20°C, a dew period of at least 3 h was required, whereas maximum infection occurred with a dew period of 24 h. Infection efficiency increased linearly as the duration of dew period increased from 0 to 24 h. Regression models that best described the quantitative relationship between the environmental variables and growth of the pathogen and development of rust were derived empirically. Such models are of significance in optimizing studies of the particular pathosystem as well as eventual lentil rust prediction models.
Six‐year review of Acanthamoeba keratitis in New South Wales, Australia: 1997–2002
Authors: Butler Tom KH , Males John J , Robinson Lyon P , Wechsler Alfred W , Sutton Gerard L , Cheng Joanna , Taylor Peter , McClellan Kathleen 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAim: To assess the incidence and risk factors for Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), the diagnostic interval, and the efficacy and outcome of current treatment among the population of New South Wales, Australia.Methods: A retrospective review was carried out of all cases of AK treated at the Sydney Eye Hospital between January 1997 and December 2002.Results: Twenty patients were identified with a mean follow up of 24.8 ± 21.5 months. Acanthamoeba keratitis constitutes 4.7% of severe infective keratitis treated at Sydney Eye Hospital. The mean interval from first presentation to diagnosis was 26.6 ± 35.1 days overall; 17.2 ± 33.1 days for those presenting directly to our unit (69% being diagnosed within 72 h of presentation), and 44.1 ± 34.0 days for those first presenting elsewhere. Of those with a diagnostic delay >1 month, 57% had been mistakenly diagnosed with Herpes simplex keratitis. Sixteen (80%) wore contact lenses, and eight (40%) had additional risk factors including poor lens hygiene. Complications occurred in 16 (80%), with seven (35%) requiring surgical intervention. Visual acuity improved in 18 (90%), worsened in two patients (10%), and 75% achieved 6/12 or better at last follow up.Conclusions: Acanthamoeba keratitis is a rare infection, and contact lens wear remains the commonest association, with poor hygiene constituting significant additional risk. The visual outcome has improved with the availability of effective amoebicidal agents, but patients with a diagnostic delay and non‐contact lens wearers are at increased risk of recurrent disease. A high index of clinical suspicion remains the most effective strategy in implementing early treatment, and enabling a favourable outcome.
Enucleation versus evisceration
Authors: O'Donnell Brett A , Kersten Robert , McNab Alan , Rose Geoffrey , Rosser Paul 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe choice of enucleation and evisceration for removal of an eye remains controversial in certain circumstances. An international panel was asked to give their surgical management of two clinical cases that require either enucleation or evisceration. Case one follows multiple vitreoretinal procedures, and the risk of sympathetic ophthalmia is considered in the surgical management. Case two has had postoperative endophthalmitis, and the possibility of implant infection following insertion of an orbital implant with evisceration and enucleation is discussed.
Conjunctival benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia associated with myopic scleral thinning
Authors: Rofail Marc , Lee Lawrence R , Whitehead Kevin 
Published: January 2005

AbstractKnown causes of conjunctival salmon patches include lymphoma, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, leukaemia and benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. The aetiology of benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia is thought to be a localized reactive change induced by an irritative or antigenic stimulus. The case of benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia reported herein occurred in a myopic patient with extremely thin sclera. The authors’ hypothesis is that choroidal antigens are able to perfuse through thin sclera and act as chronic irritants to the overlying conjunctiva resulting in a lymphoid response and subsequent salmon patch formation.
Traumatic lenticele
Authors: Sony Parul , Khokhar Sudarshan , Panda Anita 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA 55‐year‐old woman presented with sudden diminution of vision in her left eye following trauma with her own finger. Examination revealed a firm subconjunctival swelling superiorly with aphakia and hypotony. Lens spike was absent on B‐scan. Ultrasonic biomicroscopy showed thickened conjunctiva, a subconjunctival mass lesion with an underlying uveoscleral discontinuity. A surgical repair was performed with successful restoration of globe integrity. This case demonstrates that ultrasonic biomicroscopy may reveal the site and the extent of occult scleral rupture and help in precise surgical planning.
Clinical outcome of chronic immunosuppression in patients with non‐infectious uveitis
Authors: Menezo Victor , Lau Chun , Comer Marie , Lightman Susan 
Published: January 2005

Abstract Aim: To determine the visual outcome and corticosteroid dose requirement in patients with non‐infectious uveitis affecting the posterior segment treated with corticosteroids and additional second‐line immunosuppression. Method: A retrospective, non‐comparative case series was carried out. Seventy‐two patients (141 eyes) with uncontrolled non‐infectious uveitis on systemic prednisolone were treated with at least one second‐line immunosuppressive agent in addition to systemic prednisolone and followed for at least 3 months. Visual acuity (VA), clinical disease activity, corticosteroid‐sparing effect, disease relapses requiring corticosteroid dose increase, and side‐effects from second‐line agents were evaluated. Results: At the end of the follow‐up period (mean: 55.5 months), 70 eyes (49.6%) had VA of 6/9 or better. There was a reduction in the mean maintenance dose of prednisolone required before the introduction of the second‐line agent (19 mg/day ± 2 SE) when compared to the mean maintenance dose of prednisolone at the end of the data collection (9 mg/day ± 1 SE; P < 0.001). There was also a significant reduction in the number of disease relapses requiring an increase in prednisolone dose after starting the second‐line agents as compared to the year before (P < 0.02). Conclusion: In patients with uveitis affecting the posterior segment, the addition of all second‐line immunosuppressive therapy was effective in allowing reduction of the dose of systemic prednisolone to 10 mg/day or less, in controlling intraocular inflammation, reducing the number of relapses and in maintaining vision. Because of their side‐effects, immunosuppressive treatment should be individualized and monitored closely but its addition is beneficial in the short and longer term.
Clinical features and visual outcome of intermediate uveitis in children
Authors: Jain Rajni , Ferrante Paulo , Reddy Gopi T , Lightman Susan 
Published: January 2005

Abstract Purpose: To determine the presentation, course, treatment and outcome of idiopathic intermediate uveitis in children. Methods: The records of all patients under the age of 16 presenting with idiopathic intermediate uveitis under the care of one consultant (SL) between 1990 and 2001 were reviewed. The case notes were analysed with respect to presenting symptoms, associated conditions, ocular signs, change in visual acuity, treatment and complications. All patients with systemic disease were specifically excluded from the study. Results: Twenty‐six patients (45 eyes) were identified with intermediate uveitis from 114 cases of childhood uveitis seen. The mean age at presentation was 10 years (range 7–13 years) and the average follow‐up time was 3 years (range 0–7 years). All patients had varying degrees of vitritis, 28 eyes had snowbanks and 5 had cystoid macular oedema at presentation. Six patients required no treatment, five received topical treatment only, five were managed with orbital floor steroids alone and a further two were managed with orbital floor steroids and oral prednisolone. Systemic steroids were required in eight patients, four of whom also required cyclosporin. Six of these children had successful disease control and maintained a visual acuity of 6/9 in at least one affected eye. Conclusion: Idiopathic intermediate uveitis is a relatively uncommon condition in children but can have severe effects on vision. With careful management, vision can be preserved in at least one eye. This study describes the course of the disease in a relatively large series. The variation in disease severity prompts the use of individually tailored immunosuppressive regimens.
Incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy in an Aboriginal Australian population: results from the Katherine Region Diabetic Retinopathy Study (KRDRS). Report no. 2
Authors: Jaross Nandor , Ryan Philip , Newland Henry 
Published: January 2005

Abstract Background: The Katherine Region Diabetic retinopathy Study (KRDRS) was carried out in the Lower Top End of the Northern Territory of Australia between 1993 and 1996 as part of the Northern Territory Eye Health Program. It investigated diabetic eye conditions and their determinants in the Australian Aboriginal population of the region. Methods: The KRDRS was comprised of two cross‐sectional surveys, in 1993 and in 1996, and involved a total of 477 subjects with diabetes. Ninety‐six subjects were seen in both surveys and met the criteria for inclusion in the longitudinal study. Each subject underwent a general eye examination and retinal photography. Results: The annual incidence rates of retinopathy were 5.6% (95% CI 3.0–10.0%) and 4.2% (95% CI 2.5–7.0%) in subjects and eyes, respectively. This compares with 8% (in subjects) of the overall Australian diabetic population found in the Newcastle Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. However, each year 1.2% of subjects (95% CI 0.2–3.8%) and 1.3% of eyes (95% CI 0.2–4.5%) with no pre‐existing retinopathy developed vision‐threatening retinopathy. The respective findings for maculopathy were 2.2% (95% CI 0.7–4.6%) and 1.7% (95% CI 0.7–3.2%), and for clinically significant macula oedema (CSME) 1.1% (95% CI 0.2–3.1%) and 0.9% (95% CI 0.3–2.2%). The annual incidence of CSME in those with no maculopathy when first seen was 1.1% (95% CI 0.2–3.3%) and 0.9% (95% CI 0.3–2.2%) in subjects and eyes, respectively. The annual progression to CSME in those with maculopathy was 4.8% (95% CI 0.1–26.5%) and 6.1% (0.7–21.9%) in subjects and eyes, respectively. Conclusion: Results of the KRDRS show that despite a lower overall incidence of diabetic retinopathy among Aboriginal diabetics compared to the general Australian diabetic population, there are important reasons to consider Aboriginal diabetics at special risk. These reasons include the highest reported incidence of vision‐threatening retinopathy in Australia, one of the highest ever reported incidences of CSME in the world and the likelihood that the severity of the problem may be underestimated because of the relatively short observation time and the low average time since diagnosis. It is also acknowledged that the small numbers in the study limit our ability to reliably detect progression between subsets of the population and much larger studies are required to make statistically significant comparisons.
Choice of intraocular lens may not affect refractive stability following cataract surgery
Authors: Landers John , Liu Henry 
Published: January 2005

Abstract Purpose: To assess whether the choice of an intraocular lens (IOL) with rigid haptics (Sensar) or an IOL with pliable haptics (Acrysof) has an effect on refractive stability following cataract surgery. Methods: Seventy‐three patients were recruited consecutively as they returned for their 6‐month visit following cataract surgery. There were 37 patients who had received an Acrysof IOL and 36 who had received a Sensar IOL. Each patient had their refractive error measured at the 1‐month postoperative visit. At the 6‐month follow‐up visit, refraction was repeated. The change in refractive error was then compared between IOL groups and other factors that may affect postoperative refractive stability including preoperative refraction, axial length, keratometry, wound type and wound meridian. Results: An Acrysof IOL showed minimal myopic movement, whereas a Sensar IOL was more likely to move hypermetropically. However, this difference was not statistically significant (t = 1.92; P = 0.06). The magnitude of the shift in spherical equivalent in either direction for the Acrysof group was 0.37 ± 0.35 D and for the Sensar group was 0.28 ± 0.31 D. Again, this difference was not statistically significant (t = 1.17; P = 0.25). However, preoperative anterior chamber depth was associated with postoperative refractive shift (t = 2.66; P = 0.009). Furthermore, patients with a scleral wound showed a small against‐the‐rule shift in cylindrical refractive error. No other factors were associated with postoperative refractive shift amongst the sample. Conclusions: There were no clinically significant differences in postoperative refractive stability between the Acrysof and Sensar groups. However, preoperative anterior chamber depth was associated with the magnitude of shift in spherical equivalent.
Computerized corneal topography in a paediatric population with Down syndrome
Authors: Vincent Andrea L , Weiser Brent A , Cupryn Monique , Stein Raymond M , Abdolell Mohamed , Levin Alex V 
Published: January 2005

Abstract Purpose: To characterize abnormal corneal topographic changes using corneal computerized videokeratography (CVK) in a paediatric population with Down syndrome, and in their parents. Methods: Prospective, non‐randomized clinical trial. Twenty‐one children with Down syndrome (mean age 6.9 years) recruited from The Hospital for Sick Children, 18 of their parents, and a paediatric control group of 60 otherwise well children (mean age 9 years), underwent complete ocular examination and CVK using the EyeSys system. Corneal topographic maps were assessed subjectively, and three objective parameters analysed: central corneal power (CP), difference in central corneal power between the two eyes (DCP), and inferior–superior steepening asymmetry (I‐S). Results: Corneal curvature in children with Down syndrome was significantly steeper than in the paediatric control population (CP 46.66 vs 42.60 D, P < 0.0001), but changes with age paralleled that of the control population. DCP and I‐S values were also significantly different from the control population (P < 0.0001). 39% of the parents of children with Down syndrome had at least one abnormal parameter. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that CVK is a useful tool in the ocular assessment of patients with Down syndrome. The findings suggest that this patient population have abnormalities of corneal shape even in the absence of clinical evidence of keratoconus. A greater than expected incidence of abnormal topographic changes was observed in the parents of these patients.
Systemic toxicity of tacrolimus given by various routes and the response to dose reduction
Authors: Akar Yusuf , Yucel Gultekin , Durukan Ali H , Yucel Iclal , Arici Gulbin 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPurpose: To evaluate the long‐term systemic toxicity of tacrolimus (FK‐506) administered by various routes, and to assess the effect of dose reduction on toxicity.Methods: The study animals were 120 experimentally naïve adult female Wistar rats weighing 200–250 g each. The rats were randomly divided into 10 equal groups (n = 12 in each) and treated with tacrolimus administered topically (in drops, 0.3%, q.i.d.), intravitreally (0.5 mg/kg bodyweight/week), intramuscularly (1 mg/kg bodyweight/week), low‐dose intravenously (1 mg/kg bodyweight/week) and in high‐dose intravenously (2 mg/kg bodyweight/week) for 3 months. The rats in the control groups (one for each different route of administration) were treated with 0.9% NaCl. The blood concentration of tacrolimus, complete blood count and biochemistry parameters were measured each month for the 3‐month study period.Results: The rats in the control groups and experimental groups administered topical and intravitreal tacrolimus did not demonstrate any systemic toxic effects. The rats that developed certain toxic effects (hyperglycaemia, hyperkalaemia and nephrotoxicity) in the groups given low‐dose or high‐dose i.v. tacrolimus responded well to dose reduction. Following dose reduction, blood glucose concentrations decreased from 247.4 ± 42.3 mg/dL to 189.6 ± 37.9 mg/dL (P < 0.05), and from 237.4 ± 41.1 mg/dL to 182.3 ± 22.7 mg/dL (P < 0.05) in the low‐ and high‐dose i.v. tacrolimus‐treated rats, respectively. The rats that developed impaired hepatic function after high‐dose tacrolimus did not respond to dose reduction. Baseline cholesterol concentrations for the intramuscular and low‐ and high‐dose i.v. tacrolimus‐treated groups, demonstrated decreases, respectively, from 87.4 ± 14.0 mg/dL, 86.4 ± 14.0 mg/dL and 90.4 ± 14.3 mg/dL to 53.6 ± 9.8 mg/dL, 52.1 ± 12.5 mg/dL and 63.5 ± 11.7 mg/dL by the end of the second month. The differences were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05 for each result).Conclusion: Topical or intravitreal administration of tacrolimus seems to be systemically safe whereas parenteral administration can cause some systemic haematological changes such as dose‐dependent decreased serum cholesterol concentrations. Dose reduction may prevent such adverse effects.
Bilateral choroidal metastasis from carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland
Authors: Ilhan H Deniz , Öner F Hakan , Sarıoglu Sülen , Lebe Banu , Saatci A Osman 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe histological, clinical and angiographic findings are reported of a 34‐year‐old man with bilateral visual loss who had left parotidectomy with subsequent radiotherapy due to carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland 1 year before. Funduscopy disclosed choroidal masses with surrounding serous retinal detachment in both posterior poles. At the time of ocular diagnosis, lung, pleura and pharynx metastases had recently been revealed. Because of the extent of disease and its poor prognosis, no treatment was offered. Although parotid gland carcinoma usually spreads via lymphatics, choroidal involvement may rarely occur due to haematogenous dissemination.
Bilateral macular cysts following electric burn
Authors: Sony Parul , Venkatesh Pradeep , Tewari Hem Kumar , Garg Sat Pal 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA 28‐year‐old man presented with bilateral acute loss of vision following a high‐voltage injury. The visual acuity was 6/36 in the right eye and 6/24 in the left eye. Fundus examination revealed a well‐defined round lesion simulating a full thickness macular hole in the right eye and yellow deposits in the macular area in the left eye. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed bilateral macular cysts, with intact outer and inner retinal layers. At 1 month follow up, OCT showed a persistent macular cyst in the right eye with spontaneous resolution of the macular cyst along with visual improvement in the left eye.
Refractive surgery and strabismus
Authors: Kowal Lionel , Battu Ravindra , Kushner Burton 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis review discusses the potential for strabismic complications after refractive surgery for hyperopia, myopia, anisomyopia, astigmatism and monovision, and how to avoid these complications. Guidelines are given for assessing patients with strabismus seeking refractive surgery. Screening tests are suggested that lead to stratification of refractive surgery patients into different risk groups each warranting a different intensity of evaluation.
Successful treatment of surgically induced necrotizing scleritis with tacrolimus
Authors: Young Alvin L , Wong SM , Leung Alfred TS , Leung Gloria YS , Cheng Lulu L , Lam Dennis SC 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA 46‐year‐old man developed surgically induced necrotizing scleritis (SINS) 7 months following uneventful primary bare sclera pterygium excision. The patient underwent two scleral patch grafts for SINS but despite the use of cyclophos­phamide and azathioprine, the scleral patch grafts failed within 1 month of surgery on both occasions. Tacrolimus was used for his third scleral patch graft. No recurrence of necrotizing scleritis was observed for 2 years. Tacrolimus may be considered as a valuable adjunctive immuno­suppressant in the management of resistant necrotizing scleritis.