bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locoregional Breast Cancer Recurrence in the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer 10041/BIG 03-04 MINDACT Trial: Analysis of Risk Factors Including the 70-Gene Signature
Authors: Alaeikhanehshir Sena , Ajayi Taiwo , Duijnhoven Frederieke H. , Poncet Coralie , Olaniran Ridwan O. , Lips Esther H. , van 't Veer Laura J. , Delaloge Suzette , Rubio Isabel T. , Thompson Alastair M. , Cardoso Fatima , Piccart Martine , Rutgers Emiel J.T. 
Published: January 2024

PURPOSE A number of studies are currently investigating de-escalation of radiation therapy in patients with a low risk of in-breast relapses on the basis of clinicopathologic factors and molecular tests. We evaluated whether 70-gene risk score is associated with risk of locoregional recurrence (LRR) and estimated 8-year cumulative incidences for LRR in patients with early-stage breast cancer treated with breast conservation. METHODS In this exploratory substudy of European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer 10041/BIG 03-04 MINDACT trial, we evaluated women with a known clinical and genomic 70-gene risk score test result and who had breast-conserving surgery (BCS). The primary end point was LRR at 8 years, estimated by cumulative incidences. Distant metastasis and death were considered competing risks. RESULTS Among 6,693 enrolled patients, 5,470 (81.7%) underwent BCS, of whom 98% received radiotherapy. At 8-year follow-up, 189 patients experienced a LRR, resulting in an 8-year cumulative incidence of 3.2% (95% CI, 2.7 to 3.7). In patients with a low-risk 70-gene signature, the 8-year LRR incidence was 2.7% (95% CI, 2.1 to 3.3). In univariable analysis, adjusted for chemotherapy, five of 12 variables were associated with LRR, including the 70-gene signature. In multivariable modeling, adjuvant endocrine therapy and to a lesser extent tumor size and grade remained significantly associated with LRR. CONCLUSION This exploratory analysis of the MINDACT trial estimated an 8-year low LRR rate of 3.2% after BCS. The 70-gene signature was not independently predictive of LRR perhaps because of the low number of events observed and currently cannot be used in clinical decision making regarding LRR. The overall low number of events does provide an opportunity to design trials toward de-escalation of local therapy.
Elasticity, plasticity and screening in amorphous solids: A short review
Authors: Kumar Avanish , Procaccia Itamar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The aim of this short review is to summarize the developing theory aimed at describing the effect of plastic events in amorphous solids on its emergent mechanics. Experiments and simulations present anomalous mechanical response of amorphous solids where quadrupolar plastic events collectively induce distributed dipoles that are analogous to dislocations in crystalline solids. The novel theory is described, and a number of pertinent examples are provided, including the comparison of theoretical prediction to simulations or experiments.
State-to-State Variation in Medicaid Reimbursement for Neurosurgical Procedures: Implications for Healthcare Access in Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Rallo Michael S. , Berke Chandler N. , Shaw Thomas C. , Bunch Jaclyn A. , Menger Richard P. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Medicaid payment for healthcare services traditionally reimburses less than Medicare and commercial insurance. This disparity in reimbursement seems to be an important driver of limited access to care among Medicaid beneficiaries. This study seeks to examine the degree of variation in Medicaid and Medicare reimbursement for the most common neurosurgical current procedural terminology codes and determine its potential impact on provider accessibility.

METHODS:
In this cross-sectional study, maximum allowed physician reimbursement fees for 20 common neurosurgical codes reported in the literature were obtained from the 2022 Medicare Physician Fee Schedule and individual state Medicaid Fee-for-Service Schedules. The Medicaid-Medicare Index (MMI), which measures Medicaid reimbursement as a fraction of Medicare allowed amounts, was calculated for each procedure across 49 states and the District of Columbia. Lower MMI indicates a greater disparity, or “discount,” between Medicaid and Medicare reimbursement. The proportion of providers accepting new Medicaid patients and total Medicaid enrollment were compared across states as a function of MMI.

RESULTS:
The average national MMI was 0.79, with a range of 0.37 in NY/NJ to 1.43 in NE. Maximum allowed amounts for Medicare reimbursement (coefficient of variation = 0.09) were less variable than those for Medicaid (coefficient of variation = 0.26, P < .01). The largest absolute disparity was observed for intracranial aneurysm clipping in NY, where the maximum Medicaid reimbursement is $3496.52 less than that of Medicare. Higher MMI was associated with a significantly larger proportion of providers accepting new Medicaid patients (R2 = 0.43, P < .01). Moreover, MMI varied inversely with the number of Medicaid beneficiaries (R2 = 0.12, P = .01).

CONCLUSION:
Medicaid reimbursement varies between states reflecting the disparate methods of fee schedule calculation. Lower reimbursement is associated with more limited provider enrollment, especially in states with a greater number of beneficiaries.
Interplay of Zeb2a, Id2a and Batf3 regulates microglia and dendritic cell development in the zebrafish brain
Authors: Nguyen Linh Thi My , Hassan Shaoli , Pan Hongru , Wu Shuting , Wen Zilong 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
In vertebrates, the central nervous system (CNS) harbours various immune cells, including parenchymal microglia, perivascular macrophages and dendritic cells, which act in coordination to establish an immune network to regulate neurogenesis and neural function, and to maintain the homeostasis of the CNS. Recent single cell transcriptomic profiling has revealed that the adult zebrafish CNS contains microglia, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and two conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), ccl35+ cDCs and cnn3a+cDCs. However, how these distinct myeloid cells are established in the adult zebrafish CNS remains incompletely defined. Here, we show that the Inhibitor of DNA binding 2a (Id2a) is essential for the development of pDCs and cDCs but is dispensable for the formation of microglia, whereas the Basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like 3 (Batf3) acts downstream of id2a and is required exclusively for the formation of the cnn3a+ cDC subset. In contrast, the Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2a (Zeb2a) promotes the expansion of microglia and inhibits the DC specification, possibly through repressing id2a expression. Our study unravels the genetic networks that govern the development of microglia and brain-associated DCs in the zebrafish CNS.
Fibroblast growth factor-induced lens fiber cell elongation is driven by the stepwise activity of Rho and Rac
Authors: Sugiyama Yuki , Reed Daniel A. , Herrmann David , Lovicu Frank J. , Robinson Michael L. , Timpson Paul , Masai Ichiro 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
The spheroidal shape of the eye lens is crucial for precise light focusing onto the retina. This shape is determined by concentrically aligned, convexly elongated lens fiber cells along the anterior and posterior axis of the lens. Upon differentiation at the lens equator, the fiber cells increase in height as their apical and basal tips migrate towards the anterior and posterior poles, respectively. The forces driving this elongation and migration remain unclear. We found that, in the mouse lens, membrane protrusions or lamellipodia are observed only in the maturing fibers undergoing cell curve conversion, indicating that lamellipodium formation is not the primary driver of earlier fiber migration. We demonstrated that elevated levels of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) suppressed the extension of Rac-dependent protrusions, suggesting changes in the activity of FGF controlling Rac activity, switching to lamellipodium-driven migration. Inhibitors of ROCK, myosin and actin reduced the height of both early and later fibers, indicating that elongation of these fibers relies on actomyosin contractility. Consistent with this, active RhoA was detected throughout these fibers. Given that FGF promotes fiber elongation, we propose that it does so through regulation of Rho activity.
The Drosophila tumour suppressor Lgl and Vap33 activate the Hippo pathway through a dual mechanism
Authors: Portela Marta , Mukherjee Swastik , Paul Sayantanee , La Marca John E. , Parsons Linda M. , Veraksa Alexey , Richardson Helena E. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
The tumour suppressor, Lethal (2) giant larvae [Lgl; also known as L(2)gl], is an evolutionarily conserved protein that was discovered in the vinegar fly Drosophila, where its depletion results in tissue overgrowth and loss of cell polarity. Lgl links cell polarity and tissue growth through regulation of the Notch and the Hippo signalling pathways. Lgl regulates the Notch pathway by inhibiting V-ATPase activity via Vap33. How Lgl regulates the Hippo pathway was unclear. In this current study, we show that V-ATPase activity inhibits the Hippo pathway, whereas Vap33 acts to activate Hippo signalling. Vap33 physically and genetically interacts with the actin cytoskeletal regulators RtGEF (Pix) and Git, which also bind to the Hippo protein (Hpo) and are involved in the activation of the Hippo pathway. Additionally, we show that the ADP ribosylation factor Arf79F (Arf1), which is a Hpo interactor, is involved in the inhibition of the Hippo pathway. Altogether, our data suggest that Lgl acts via Vap33 to activate the Hippo pathway by a dual mechanism: (1) through interaction with RtGEF, Git and Arf79F, and (2) through interaction and inhibition of the V-ATPase, thereby controlling epithelial tissue growth.
DNA-PKcs-mediated transcriptional regulation of TOP2B drives chemoresistance in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Mishra Saket V. , Banerjee Archisman , Sarkar Debashmita , Thangarathnam Vishnuvarthan , Bagal Bhausaheb , Hasan Syed K. , Dutt Shilpee 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTAnthracyclines, topoisomerase II enzyme poisons that cause DNA damage, are the mainstay of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment. However, acquired resistance to anthracyclines leads to relapse, which currently lacks effective treatment and is the cause of poor survival in individuals with AML. Therefore, the identification of the mechanisms underlying anthracycline resistance remains an unmet clinical need. Here, using patient-derived primary cultures and clinically relevant cellular models that recapitulate acquired anthracycline resistance in AML, we have found that GCN5 (also known as KAT2A) mediates transcriptional upregulation of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) in AML relapse, independently of the DNA-damage response. We demonstrate that anthracyclines fail to induce DNA damage in resistant cells, owing to the loss of expression of their target enzyme, TOP2B; this was caused by DNA-PKcs directly binding to its promoter upstream region as a transcriptional repressor. Importantly, DNA-PKcs kinase activity inhibition re-sensitized AML relapse primary cultures and cells resistant to mitoxantrone, and abrogated their tumorigenic potential in a xenograft mouse model. Taken together, our findings identify a GCN5–DNA-PKcs–TOP2B transcriptional regulatory axis as the mechanism underlying anthracycline resistance, and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of DNA-PKcs inhibition to re-sensitize resistant AML relapse cells to anthracycline.
Media Attention and Event-Based Grouping of Stocks: An Examination of Stocks Hyped by Media Outlets as Benefiting from the Olympics
Authors: Dechow Patricia , Lawrence Alastair , Luo Mei , Stamenov Ventsislav 
Published: January 2024

We examine five summer Olympics and identify stocks that media outlets hype as benefiting from the Olympics (Olympic stocks). There is a seven-year period from the time that a country first learns it has won the Olympic bid to the start of the games (Olympic time period). We predict that the excitement of the Olympics along with the greater media attention impacts the valuation and risk of Olympic stocks. Consistent with this prediction, we show that Olympic stocks earn higher returns than their matched counterparts and comove more strongly with each other over the Olympic time period. Olympic stocks also exhibit increases in trading volume and stock volatility on days when media outlets have stories linking the firm to the Olympic Games. However, we find no evidence that the Olympic Games translate into stronger fundamentals for Olympic firms or stronger fundamental comovements. These findings suggest that investors are not purchasing the stocks based on an analysis of fundamentals, but are purchasing them based on their Olympic attribute. To confirm that event-based groupings occur in other settings, we show that comovement increases for stocks classified by the media as “stay-at-home” stocks at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper was accepted by Eric So, accounting. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.02218 .
Paid Priority in Service Systems: Theory and Experiments
Authors: Frazelle Andrew E. , Katok Elena 
Published: January 2024

Problem definition: Motivated by the prevalence of paid priority programs in practice, we study a service provider operating a system in which customers have random waiting costs and choose between two queues: regular (no cost) or priority (for a fee). We also consider a mechanism by which the provider redistributes a portion of priority revenue to compensate regular-queue customers for their longer waits. Methodology/results: To determine the waiting-cost-dependent equilibrium priority purchasing strategies, we establish structural results at a sample-path level and prove that they generalize. In models both with and without compensation, the equilibrium exhibits a cost-dependent, increasing-threshold structure. We also prove that compensation entails fewer priority purchases because compensating regular-queue customers makes priority less attractive. We then analyze system-wide performance. Despite the fewer priority purchases, for a fixed (low) priority fee, compensation can actually reduce equilibrium aggregate waiting cost by filtering low-waiting-cost customers out of the priority queue; however, this finding does not hold when comparing at the optimal fees. We then test our models in the laboratory. Key behavioral regularities are that low-cost subjects are overrepresented (underrepresented) in the priority (regular) queue compared with equilibrium, and subjects with low and high waiting costs tend to overbuy priority at high fees. Managerial implications: Our theoretical and behavioral results guide service providers in managing priority service systems. First, we find that compensation does not provide short-term performance benefits. Second, our experiments reveal that suboptimal customer decisions partially prevent efficient reordering of customers by waiting cost, leading to higher aggregate waiting cost than the equilibrium predicts, but still lower than under first-come, first-serve service. Finally, because customers tolerate higher fees than they should, a revenue-maximizing provider can set a higher priority fee and extract more revenue than it could if customers acted rationally. Funding: This work was supported by the Center and Laboratory for Behavioral Operations and Economics at the Naveen Jindal School of Management at The University of Texas at Dallas. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.0387 .
High-efficient and low-loss hybrid Si/VO2 absorption modulator electrically driven by graphene electrodes
Authors: Liu Chang , Fei Yedeng , Xu Yin , Ni Yi 
Published: January 2024

The phase change material vanadium dioxide (VO2) is suitable for building high-efficiency light modulators due to the different absorption efficiency of light in metallic and insulating states. The structure of an electro-absorption modulator based on VO2 and graphene proposed in this paper is formed by two layers of single-layer graphene wrapped around VO2, with a silicon waveguide in the middle and silica on both sides as the main path for light transmission. The input light of TE mode is limited to the SiO2 layer on both sides to increase the contact area with VO2 layers, which make it almost impossible to pass through when the metal electrode is connected to an external bias voltage and VO2 is in the metallic state. On the contrary, the input light passes through the main path of the modulation region with low loss without bias voltage. Finally, the modulator proposed in this paper has achieved a high extinction ratio of 27.3 dB and a low insertion loss of 0.66 dB (when VO2 is in insulating state) at a single wavelength of 1550 nm when the device length is 2 µm. In addition, the bias voltage of the modulator is 1.1 V with the modulation speed at 200 MHz, and the energy consumption is only 8.3083 fJ/bit at work, which is an ideal choice for photonic integrated systems today.
Study of fixing holographic gratings in Bi2TeO5 photorefractive crystals
Authors: de Oliveira Ivan , Carvalho Jesiel Freitas 
Published: January 2024

Experimental results on the diffraction efficiency of fixed holograms in undoped Bi2TeO5 are presented. Gratings were recorded at room temperature, and using a 532 nm wavelength laser light, the diffraction efficiency of the fixed grating was found to be dependent on the grating’s spacing and recording time.
Informal payments in health facilities in Peru in 2018: Analysis of a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Espinoza-Pajuelo Laura , Mallma Patricia , Leslie Hannah Hogan , García Patricia Jannet 
Published: January 2024

Background
The Latin American region demonstrates the lowest levels of trust in health systems globally. Institutional corruption is a major factor in eroding trust. Corruption in health services, including extracting bribes and informal payments from patients, directly harms health outcomes and weakens services intended as public goods. In this study, we aim to characterize the frequency and distribution of informal payments within public health services in Peru.

Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of a nationally representative cross-sectional survey, the 2018 National Household Survey of Living Conditions and Poverty, and identified all individuals reporting health insurance from the Ministry of Health (SIS-MINSA) or Social Security (ESSALUD). We defined self-reported informal payments in 2 ways: 1) being asked to pay a bribe at a health establishment in the past year (direct method), and 2) creating an overall indicator for non-zero cost of care for services that should be free (indirect method). We used descriptive statistics to quantify informal payments and bivariate analysis to identify sociodemographic characteristics of those most frequently reporting such payments.

Findings
132,355 people were surveyed, including 69,839 (52.8%) with coverage from SIS-MINSA and 30,461 (23.03%) from ESSALUD. Less than 1% of participants directly reported informal payments, either at SIS-MINSA services (0.22%); or at ESSALUD (0.42%). Indirect reporting was more prevalent, including up to 10% of surgery patients and 17% of those hospitalized in SIS-MINSA facilities. Wealthier patients (19%) were more likely to report such payments.

Interpretation
While direct reporting of bribery was uncommon, we found moderate prevalence of informal payments in public health services in Peru using an indirect assessment method. Indirect reporting may exceed direct reporting due to difficulty in distinguishing appropriate and inappropriate payments, fear of reporting health care workers’ behavior, or social tolerance of informal payments. Informal payments were more common among those with greater financial capital, indicating they may obtain enhanced services. Further research on patients’ perception and reporting of informal payments is a key step towards accurate measurement and evidence-based intervention.
Unveiling the silent threat of new onset atrial fibrillation in covid-19 hospitalized patients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shakir Muhammad , Hassan Syed Muhammad , Adil Ursala , Abidi Syed Muhammad Aqeel , Ali Syed Ahsan 
Published: January 2024

Background
COVID-19, a highly infectious respiratory disease, has been associated with a range of cardiovascular complications. One of the most commonly reported cardiovascular issues in COVID-19 patients is the development of arrhythmias. Among all types of arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation is the most frequently observed. Atrial fibrillation is characterized by an irregular and often rapid heartbeat, and it can be a serious and potentially life-threatening condition.

Objective
To investigate the incidence and association of new onset atrial fibrillation in COVID-19 hospitalized patients and its impact on survival.

Method
A retrospective cross-sectional study that encompassed all patients, both positive and negative for COVID-19, who were consecutively admitted to the Aga Khan University Hospital in Karachi, a tertiary care facility, from June 2021 to December 2021.

Results
A total of 1,313 patients who met the inclusion criteria of our study were enrolled as participants. These patients were then stratified into two groups based on COVID-19 status: the study group (COVID-19 positive) comprised 626 (47.7%) patients and the control group (COVID-19 negative) consisted of 687 (52.3%) patients. The incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation was 85 (13.6%) in COVID-19 positive compared to 43 (5.2%) in COVID-19 negative group. The study found a strong association between COVID-19 and new-onset atrial fibrillation in both univariate (unadjusted odd ratio 2.35 [95% CI, 1.60–3.45], p-value < 0.01) and a multiple-adjusted regression analysis (adjusted odd ratio 3.86 [95% CI, 2.31–6.44], p-value < 0.01).

Conclusion
These findings highlight the importance of vigilant monitoring of cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 patients, especially those with pre-existing conditions that predispose them to the development of atrial fibrillation. The study underscores the need for prompt recognition and management of new onset atrial fibrillation in COVID-19 patients, as this may mitigate the risk of adverse outcomes and improve overall prognosis.