bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compound‐specific isotope analysis of the organic constituents in carbonaceous chondrites
Authors: Sephton M. A. , Gilmour I. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract

I.
Introduction
111

II.
Stable Isotopes
112

III.
CSIA
112

IV.
CSIA of Organic Compounds from Carbonaceous Chondrites
115

A.  Carbon
115

B.  Nitrogen
118

C.  Sulfur
118

D.  Hydrogen
118

V.
History of Meteoritic Organic Matter
118

Acknowledgments
118

References
118

The carbonaceous chondrite meteorites contain evidence of the formation of the solar system, part of which is present within organic matter. In recent years, compound‐specific isotope analysis (CSIA) has been useful in deciphering this complex record. The current published data set provides an insight into the source environments and reaction mechanisms that have contributed to the final state of the organic constituents in carbonaceous chondrites. This review summarises the CSIA data and related key interpretations. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 20:111–120, 2001
2‐methoxyestradiol blocks cell‐cycle progression at G2/M phase and inhibits growth of human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Kumar Addanki P. , Garcia Gretchen E. , Slaga Thomas J. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract2‐Methoxyestradiol (2‐ME), an endogenous metabolite of 17β‐estradiol, is present in human blood and urine. Here we show for the first time that 2‐ME significantly inhibited the growth of normal prostate epithelial cells and androgen‐dependent LNCaP and androgen‐independent DU145 prostate cancer cells. This growth inhibition was accompanied by a twofold increase in the G2/M population, with a concomitant decrease in the G1 population, as shown by cell‐cycle analysis. 2‐ME treatment affected the cell‐cycle progression of prostate cancer cells specifically by blocking cells in the G2 phase. Immunoblot analysis of the key cell‐cycle regulatory proteins in the G2/M phase showed a 14‐fold increase in the expression of p21 and an eightfold increase in the expression of p34 cell division cycle 2 (cdc2). We also found an accumulation of phosphorylated cdc2 after 2‐ME treatment. Furthermore, Wee 1 kinase was detectable after 2‐ME treatment. 2‐ME treatment also led to an increase in the activity of caspase‐3, followed by apoptosis, as shown by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine 5‐triphosphate–biotin nick end‐labeling and fluorescein isothiocyanate–poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase assay. Estrogen receptor levels did not change after treatment with 2‐ME. Examination of the signaling pathways that mediate 2‐ME–induced apoptosis showed reduction in the level of p53 expression and its DNA‐binding activity. Given the fact that p53 mutations are common in patients with metastatic prostate cancer, our finding that 2‐ME–mediated growth inhibition of human prostate cancer cells occurred in a p53‐independent manner has considerable clinical significance. These findings, combined with the limited toxicity of 2‐ME, may have significant implications for alternative treatment of advanced prostate cancer. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Piecewise quadratic approximation of the non‐dominated set for bi‐criteria programs
Authors: Wiecek Margaret M. , Chen Wei , Zhang Jinhuan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA procedure to approximate the non‐dominated set for general (continuous) bi‐criteria programs is proposed. The piecewise approximation is composed of quadratic curves, each of which is developed locally in a neighbourhood of a non‐dominated point of interest and based on primal–dual relationships associated with the weighted Tchebycheff scalarization of the original problem. The approximating quadratic functions, in which decision maker's preferences are represented, give a closed‐form description of the non‐dominated set. A numerical example is included. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The extent, motivation, and effect of tying in franchise contracts
Authors: Michael Steven C 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTying in franchise contracts has been the subject of considerable antitrust litigation and theoretical analysis. Tying can enhance efficiency by increasing standardization and reducing monitoring costs, or it can be used with market power for price discrimination. In this paper, I report on the extent of tying among restaurant franchisors and test whether it is motivated by efficiency or market power considerations. The results show that the use of tying is not affected by market share or outlet share in various industry sectors, but it is affected by equipment required and by business strategy. The results are weakly supportive of efficiency and not supportive of market power. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Myoclonic status epilepticus: Video presentation
Authors: Badhwar Aman , Siren Auli , Andermann Eva , Andermann Frederick 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA young woman with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy had recurrent attacks of myoclonic status epilepticus related to a long history of limited compliance and irregular sleep. The diagnosis of this clinical pattern is based mainly on clinical description. A home video captured an attack. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society.
Do unilateral ablative lesions of the subthalamic nucleu in parkinsonian patients lead to hemiballism?
Authors: Barlas Orhan , Hanağası Haşmet A. , İmer Murat , Şahin Hüseyin A. , Sencer Serra , Emre Murat 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report the safety results in nine patients with advanced idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) who underwent ablative surgery of unilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN). In eight patients, surgical objectives were attained without induction of abnormal involuntary movements or other adverse effects. One patient developed transient hemiballistic movements which improved within 2 weeks after surgery. Assessment at 2 weeks to 20 months postoperatively revealed no long‐term adverse effects. We conclude that hemiballism following unilateral ablation of STN in patients with PD is a rare phenomenon, and unilateral ablative lesions of STN can be performed safely. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Cardiovascular reflex testing contributes to clinical evaluation and differential diagnosis of Parkinsonian syndromes
Authors: Holmberg Björn , Kallio Mika , Johnels Bo , Elam Mikael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe differentiation between Parkinson's disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and multiple system atrophy (MSA) may be difficult but is important for prognostic and therapeutic purposes. Varying degrees of autonomic failure have been described in PD and MSA, whereas its involvement in PSP remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate autonomic function in patients fulfilling strict clinical diagnostic criteria for the disorders above, to evaluate the diagnostic capacity of laboratory autonomic tests. The study group was consecutively recruited among patients referred to a movement disorder unit. Thirty‐four patients with PD, 15 patients with PSP, and 47 patients with MSA were compared with 18 healthy age‐matched controls. Autonomic tests included analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) in temporal domain, at rest and during forced respiration, as well as blood pressure (BP) changes during 75° head‐up tilt.HRV did not differ between groups during quiet breathing but was significantly reduced during forced respiration in MSA (P < 0.01), while PD and PSP groups did not differ from controls. Hypotensive responses during orthostatic provocation were seen in PD (P < 0.01) and MSA (P < 0.001), whereas BP remained stable in most PSP patients, not differing from the healthy control group. On an individual basis, decreased HRV and severe hypotensive responses were seen in MSA patients regardless of age and disease duration, whereas PD patients showed this combination only at high age and long duration. In PSP, only a few cases with decreased HRV and limited hypotensive responses were found. We conclude that cardiovascular reflex tests can supplement the clinical differentiation of Parkinsonian syndromes. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Persistent chorea triggered by hyperglycemic crisis in diabetics
Authors: Ahlskog J. Eric , Nishino Hiroshi , Evidente V.G.H. , Tulloch John W. , Forbes Glenn S. , Caviness John N. , Gwinn‐Hardy Katrina A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFive female patients developed chorea concurrent with, or shortly after a hyperglycemic episode (admission glucose values 500–1,000 mg/dL). In four of these five patients, there was no prior history of diabetes mellitus. The chorea continued despite correction of blood glucose and persisted to the time of last follow‐up, 6 months to 5 years later. The chorea developed subacutely over 2 days to 1 month and was generalized in one, unilateral in three, and involved right > left lower extremity in the other; the severity initially reached ballistic proportions in two. Associated clinical features were nil in four of these patients, but cognitive impairment and personality change occurred in one. The histories and laboratory studies identified no predisposing factors other than the hyperglycemia. The chorea was sufficiently troublesome to require administration of neuroleptic medication in all five cases. Four of the five cases had high signal intensity within basal ganglia on T1‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, as has previously been described; however, this was not seen in one case (who had the most severe clinical condition). Most previously described cases have involved a reversible clinical syndrome, in contrast to our patients. The pathogenic mechanisms remain uncertain. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Single‐stage defect repair with latissimus dorsi free flap after extensive resection of terebrant ulcer of the head: Three case reports
Authors: Koeppe Tobias , Kuipers Thomas , Haug Martin , Greulich Michael , Gubisch Wolfgang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThree cases of advanced ulcerating basal cell carcinoma (terebrant ulcer or ulcus terebrans) of the head are reported. Neglected basaliomas had deeply destroyed larger parts of the skull in three women ages 78, 69, and 65 years when the patients were first admitted for treatment. Death due to meningitis, hemorrhage, or brain damage was imminent. Wide resection and coverage by free latissimus dorsi flaps was carried out in single‐stage procedures. The latissimus dorsi, a versatile and very reliable free flap with its constant vascular anatomy and long pedicle, is the ideal flap for the coverage of large defects on the head. The donor site can usually be closed primarily, and the functional deficit is acceptable. All three patients recovered completely. Although only palliative resection could be achieved, the procedures could be justified by the increased survival time and gain in quality of life. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 21:333–339 2001
Cortical vein end‐to‐end anastomosis after removal of a parasagittal meningioma
Authors: Menovsky Tomas , De Vries Joost 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA simple technique is described that facilitates a proper procedure of venous end‐to‐end anastomosis during neurosurgical procedures. This technique, which consists of insertion of a Venflon tube in the vein during anastomosis, results in easier handling and proper apposition of the vein, resulting in an improved quality of the anastomosis. The technique was successfully applied in a patient after parasagittal meningioma resection, and the patency of the cortical vein was confirmed postoperatively on magnetic resonance venography. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:27–29, 2002 DOI 10.1002/micr.22005
Non‐linear stability in the Bénard problem for a double‐diffusive mixture in a porous medium
Authors: Lombardo S. , Mulone G. , Straughan B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe linear and non‐linear stability of a horizontal layer of a binary fluid mixture in a porous medium heated and salted from below is studied, in the Oberbeck–Boussinesq–Darcy scheme, through the Lyapunov direct method. This is an interesting geophysical case because the salt gradient is stabilizing while heating from below provides a destabilizing effect. The competing effects make an instability analysis difficult. Unconditional non‐linear exponential stability is found in the case where the normalized porosity ϵ is equal to one. For other values of ϵ a conditional stability theorem is proved. In both cases we demonstrate the optimum result that the linear and non‐linear critical stability parameters are the same whenever the Principle of Exchange of Stabilities holds. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Image reconstruction of a three‐dimensional dielectric object using a gradient‐based optimization
Authors: Harada Haruyuki , Tanaka Mitsuru , Takenaka Takashi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents an efficient reconstruction algorithm for three‐dimensional scattering objects. The algorithm is an extension of previous work for the two‐dimensional one, and is based on an optimization procedure. From the computer simulations, the proposed method is shown to yield satisfactory results, and to not be so sensitive to the presence of noise. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 332–336, 2001.
An experimental study on electromagnetic inverse scattering of a perfectly conducting cylinder by using the real‐coded genetic algorithm
Authors: Qing Anyong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractElectromagnetic inverse scattering of a perfectly conducting cylinder with real data by using the real‐coded genetic algorithm is presented in this paper. The cylinder is denoted by a local shape function with respect to its local origin. The inverse problem is to locate the cylinder, and to reconstruct its shape given the measured scattered electric field. To guarantee the nonnegative definiteness of the local shape function, it is approximated as cubic B‐splines with N control points instead of a trigonometric series of order N/2. The local origin and the control points are the optimization parameters for the real‐coded genetic algorithm. They are searched in a very wide space. A sample rectangular cylinder which is center located or decenter located is reconstructed. The reconstruction results confirm the strong search ability and the robustness of the real‐coded genetic algorithm. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 315–320, 2001.
Body composition of long‐term survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia†
Authors: Warner Justin T. , Evans William D. , Webb David K.H. , Gregory John W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term quality of life is of growing importance in children previously treated for malignancy. Obesity defined indirectly from indices of height and weight, has been described in long‐term survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and hypothesised to be a consequence of previous cranial irradiation.ProcedureIn this study, measures of whole and regional body composition using skinfold and dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measurements have been made in 35 long‐term survivors of ALL who had received cranial irradiation and chemotherapy. To assess the influence of cranial irradiation, results were compared with those obtained in 21 children treated for other malignancies, who received chemotherapy alone and with 31 healthy sibling controls.ResultsGirls treated for ALL were significantly fatter than those treated for other malignancies or healthy control siblings whether measured by skinfold thickness (median (range) 37.4% (17.9–41.3) vs. 24.6% (19.1–35.0) and 28.8% (19.6–43.1), respectively, P < 0.01) or DEXA (33.5% (20.5–42.8) vs. 25.5% (16.5–31.0) and 24.5% (18.8–53.6), respectively, P < 0.01). Boys treated for ALL were not significantly fatter than boys in the other two groups. Measures of whole body percent fat derived from DEXA were persistently less than those derived from skinfold measurements with a mean (95% CI) difference of 2.4% (1.7–3.1, P < 0.001) for all groups combined. In ALL survivors, using regression equations for skinfold thicknesses derived from controls with DEXA as the ‘gold standard’ method, fat mass was significantly overestimated.ConclusionFemale survivors of ALL are significantly fatter than those of other malignancies and healthy sibling controls. Caution should be observed in the application of published equations, derived from the normal population, for the calculation of body composition in children treated for ALL. The mechanism of onset of obesity remains unclear, but is probably multifactorial and related to previous cranial irradiation. Med Pediatr Oncol 2002;38:165–172. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NMR analysis of novel ganglioside GM4 analogues containing de‐N‐acetyl and lactamized sialic acid: probes for searching new ligand structures for human L‐selectin
Authors: Hamada Toshiyuki , Hirota Hiroshi , Yokoyama Shigeyuki , Otsubo Nobumasa , Ishida Hideharu , Kiso Makoto , Kanamori Akiko , Kannagi Reiji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDetailed analysis of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of two novel ganglioside GM4 analogues de‐N‐acetyl sialyl GM4 (1) and cyclic sialyl GM4 (2), which contain de‐N‐acetyl and lactamized sialic acid, respectively, instead of the usual N‐acetylneuraminic acid, was carried out. The combination of NMR data, such as cyclization shifts, coupling pattern, intraresidual NOEs and the appearance of NH proton, provided the 5, 2B conformation for 2. Moreover, the conformation of a glycosidic bond connecting the Neu and Gal residues was determined by some interresidual NOEs in both 1 and 2. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐empirical calculations of NMR indirect carbon–carbon coupling constants: 1. Three‐membered rings
Authors: Krivdin Leonid B. , Sauer Stephan P. A. , Peralta Juan E. , Contreras Rubén H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe carbon–carbon indirect nuclear spin–spin coupling constants in cyclopropane, aziridine and oxirane were investigated by means of ab initio calculations at the RPA, SOPPA and DFT/B3LYP levels. We found that the carbon–carbon couplings are by far dominated by the Fermi contact term. Our best SOPPA and DFT results are in a very good agreement with each other and with the experimental values, whereas calculations at the RPA level of theory strongly overestimate the carbon–carbon couplings. Significant differences in the basis set dependence of the calculated carbon–carbon coupling constants obtained with either wavefunction method, RPA or SOPPA, or the density functional method, DFT/B3LYP, are observed. The SOPPA results depend much more strongly on the quality of the basis set than the results of DFT/B3LYP calculations. The medium‐sized core‐valence basis sets cc‐pCVTZ and even cc‐pCVDZ were found to perform fairly well at the SOPPA level for the one‐bond carbon–carbon couplings investigated here. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Golgi matrix protein gene, Golga3/Mea2, rearranged and re‐expressed in pachytene spermatocytes restores spermatogenesis in the mouse
Authors: Banu Yasmin , Matsuda Miyuki , Yoshihara Mitsuyo , Kondo Masaaki , Sutou Sizuyo , Matsukuma Shoichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn a transgenic mouse, Golga3/Mea2 gene (human homolog: GOLGA3/golgin‐160) was disrupted by a translocation at the site of the transgene integration. Exons 8–24 of the disrupted gene remained intact and formed a fusion gene (ΔMea2) with the antisense strand of E. coli‐derived transgene by means of a cryptic splice signal in there. The protein product of ΔMea2, virtually a form truncated to 2/3 of the normal size, localized to Golgi apparatus of pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids. ΔMea2 expression was specific to the testis, but varied among separate seminiferous tubules. It also showed variation among homozygous individuals from 0.5 to 4.3% of the wild type (wt) level. At the lowest levels, neither spermatids nor spermatozoa were present in the homozygous testes, but when the expression of ΔMea2 increased to 4.3% of the wt level, high sperm production was restored and a sporadic (1/22) fertile homozygous male was obtained. The earliest apoptotic degeneration of pachytene spermatocytes evidenced at 17 dpp in homozygous testes in some discrete seminiferous tubules was preceded by ΔMea2 expression in a variegated fashion at 16 dpp. These results consistently indicated that in homozygous testes, the pachytene spermatocytes which failed to express ΔMea2 may undergo apoptotic degeneration. Golga3/Mea2, and ΔMea2 in homozygotes, in a certain excessive amount may be important for survival of pachytene spermatocytes in the mouse. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 61: 288–301, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Altered levels of mRNA expression and pharmacological reactivity of α1‐adrenergic receptor subtypes in the late‐pregnant rat myometrium
Authors: Ducza Eszter , Gáspár Róbert , Falkay George 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe adrenergic system plays a major role in the regulation of the uterine contractility during pregnancy. Our previous studies have shown the significance of the α1‐adrenergic receptors (ARs) in the control of pregnant uterine contractility both in vitro and in vivo. Our present aim was to determine the changes in mRNA expression and pharmacological reactivity of the α1‐ARs on days 18, 20, and 22 of pregnancy. To demonstrate the expressions of α1‐AR subtype mRNA, we used a reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR); the pharmacological reactivity was tested by electric field stimulation (EFS). The expression of α1A‐AR mRNA increased from day 18 to 22, while no α1B‐AR mRNA was detectable. We found a small increase in the expression of α1D‐AR mRNA on day 20, which was not followed by a significant change in pharmacological reactivity. The α1D‐receptor expression and pharmacological reactivity decreased significantly up to day 22. EFS studies revealed that the α1A‐AR antagonist 5‐methylurapidil had EC50 values (1.9 × 10−6–6.3 × 10−6 M) about one order of magnitude lower than those of the α1D‐AR antagonist BMY 7378 (4 × 10−6–3.6 × 10−5 M). However, the α1B‐AR antagonist cyclazosine exerted only a slight effect on the stimulated contractions. Strong correlations were found between the α1A‐mRNA expression and the EC50 of 5‐methylurapidil (r2 =0.9712), and between the α1D‐AR mRNA expression and the EC50 of BMY 7378 (r2 = 0.9937). Our findings suggest that both α1A‐ and α1D‐ARs are involved in the regulation of the pregnant uterine contractility. The density and pharmacological reactivity indicate that the α1A‐AR seems to play the major role in late‐pregnant myometrial contraction. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 62: 343–347, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Testicular protein Spag5 has similarity to mitotic spindle protein Deepest and binds outer dense fiber protein Odf1
Authors: Shao Xueping , Xue Jiaping , van der Hoorn Frans A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOuter dense fibers (ODF) and the fibrous sheath (FS) are major cytoskeletal structures in the mammalian sperm tail. The molecular mechanisms underlying their morphogenesis along the axoneme or their function are poorly understood. Recently, we reported the cloning and characterization of Odf2, a major ODF protein, and Spag4, an axoneme‐binding protein, by virtue of their strong interaction with Odf1, the 27 kDa major ODF protein. We proposed a crucial role for leucine zippers in molecular interactions during sperm tail morphogenesis. Here we report the cloning and characterization of a novel gene, Spag5, which encodes a 200 kDa testicular protein that interacts strongly with Odf1. Spag5 is transcribed and translated in pachytene spermatocytes and spermatids. It bears 73% similarity with the mitotic spindle protein Deepest of unknown function. We identified two putative leucine zippers in the C‐terminal part of the Spag5 protein, the downstream one of which is involved in interaction with Odf1. Interestingly, these motifs are present in Deepest. These results highlight the importance of the leucine zipper in sperm tail protein interactions. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 59: 410–416, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.