bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Cytokine Production in Human Gingival Fibroblasts Following Treatment With Nicotine and Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Wendell Kevin J. , Stein Sidney H. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Patients who smoke are at increased risk for chronic periodontitis (CP). Most studies suggest that the microbial flora in these patients is similar to that found in non‐smoking CP patients. Thus, the increased risk for development of CP is not dependent on an altered microbial profile, but rather to some change in the host response to these periopathogens. There is evidence that human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) derived from diseased sites produce greater amounts of interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐8 in vitro than cells derived from healthy sites. This suggests that HGF subpopulations may be selected based upon the inflammatory milieu in which they reside. The hypothesis to be tested was that the combination of nicotine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could regulate HGF inflammatory mediator production.Methods: HGF cell cultures were established from explants derived from 10 patients with CP. HGF cell cultures were stimulated with 1mM, 1µM, or 1ηM nicotine ± Escherichia coli or Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS. At 12, 24, or 48‐hour time points, the cells were counted and the supernatant was collected for subsequent IL‐6 and IL‐8 determination in an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results: At the 24‐hour time point, 1ηM nicotine stimulated IL‐6 production compared to control (P = 0.02). E. coli LPS alone caused a 3‐ to 4‐fold increase in IL‐6 and IL‐8 production, whereas P. gingivalis LPS did not augment IL‐6 or IL‐8. A synergistic effect upregulating IL‐6 was observed with combined treatment of 1mM nicotine and E. coli LPS or P. gingivalis LPS at the 24‐hour time point (P < 0.0005 and P = 0.002, respectively). Similar effects were seen when IL‐8 production was evaluated following HGF stimulation with high doses of nicotine and E. coli LPS or P. gingivalis LPS.Conclusions: These results demonstrate that nicotine by itself can stimulate HGF IL‐6 and IL‐8 production. Moreover, the combination of high doses of nicotine and either E. coli or P. gingivalis LPS can synergistically upregulate cytokine production. These findings support the hypothesis that a proinflammatory fibroblast phenotype may be elicited in an environment enriched with bacterial LPS and nicotine. J Periodontol 2001;72:1038‐1044.
Nifedipine Induces Gingival Overgrowth in Rats Through a Reduction in Collagen Phagocytosis by Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Kataoka Masatoshi , Shimizu Yasuki , Kunikiyo Kenji , Asahara Yoji , Azuma Hideki , Sawa Takamasa , Kido Jun‐ichi , Nagata Toshihiko 
Published: February 2005

Background: Nifedipine is used as a long‐acting vasodilator, and a primary side effect is the induction of gingival overgrowth, which is characterized by an accumulation of collagenous components within the gingival connective tissue. To elucidate the mechanisms of nifedipine‐induced gingival overgrowth, we investigated the effect of nifedipine on Type I collagen metabolism in the gingiva of rats.Methods: Twenty‐day‐old rats were fed a powdered diet containing or lacking nifedipine for 3 to 55 days. Immunohistochemical analysis with anti‐Type I collagen antibody was employed to examine the density of Type I collagen in the gingival connective tissue. Total RNAs were isolated from mandibular molar gingiva on days 0, 3, 15, 30, and 55, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to investigate the mRNA levels of Type I collgen. In addition, we performed a flow cytometric analysis with collagencoated latex beads and cultured fibroblasts derived from rat gingiva to measure collagen phagocytosis.Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Type I collagen was more prevalent in the connective tissue of nifedipine‐treated gingiva than in controls on day 55. In the nifedipine‐treated group, the expression of Type I collagen mRNA gradually decreased to 1.5% on day 55 compared to day 0. In the control group, Type I collagen mRNA also decreased to 32%; however, mRNA expression was significantly lower in the nifedipine‐treated group than in the controls. When the rate of phagocytic cells derived from nifedipine‐treated gingiva and controls was represented as the mean ± SE of the percentage from 3 different experiments, the values were as follows: on day 15, 13.5 ± 2.1% and 15.0 ± 1.5%; on day 30, 12.2 ± 4.3% and 34.5 ± 6.7% in the nifedipine‐treated and the control group, respectively, indicating that phagocytic cells were considerably fewer in the nifedipine‐treated gingiva on day 30. This finding demonstrates that the decrease in phagocytosis caused by nifedipine appeared before the detection of severe macroscopic gingival overgrowth.Conclusion: These findings suggest that the decrease in collagen degradation due to lower phagocytosis is closely associated with the increase in Type I collagen accumulation in nifedipine‐treated rat gingiva. J Periodontol 2001;72:1078‐1083.
Oral Focal Mucinosis of the Gingiva: Case Report
Authors: Iezzi Giovanna , Rubini Corrado , Fioroni Massimiliano , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: February 2005

Background: Oral focal mucinosis is a rare disease of unknown etiology, where the connective tissue undergoes a focal myxoid degeneration.Methods: We describe a 48‐year‐old patient who was referred for a firm, tender mass located on the gingiva of the left central mandibular incisor. The first clinical impression at examination was that of a periodontal abscess.Results: The lesion underwent a biopsy, and the final microscopic diagnosis was oral focal mucinosis.Conclusions: It must be stressed that in most focal gingival lesions, a preoperative diagnosis can be almost impossible. J Periodontol 2001;72:1100‐1102.
Patient Preference for Light‐Cured Composite Bite Splint Compared to Heat‐Cured Acrylic Bite Splint
Authors: Leib Alden M. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Heat‐cured acrylic has been the most commonly used material for construction of bite splints. Although effective, its processing involves several steps and is time consuming. Furthermore, acrylic splints distort easily if not kept in water when not worn for long periods of time. A newly developed light‐cured composite material is now being used for bite splint fabrication. The composite material offers benefits in ease and speed of construction, has minimal warping and distortion, and has proven patient acceptance. The aim of this study was to determine if patient satisfaction with the composite splint was as good as, or preferential to, the acrylic splint.Methods: Both a composite and an acrylic bite splint were fabricated for each of 10 patients. The splints were worn alternately on a nightly basis and were adjusted as needed after the first week. After 3 weeks, each patient completed a questionnaire regarding the properties of each splint and any preferences they had in reference to fit, comfort, and other parameters of satisfaction.Results: All of the patients were able to wear at least one of the splints comfortably. All 10 preferred the composite splint over the acrylic splint, agreeing that it felt more natural and was more comfortable to wear.Conclusions: The light‐cured composite bite splint is preferable from the patient's perspective to the heatcured acrylic bite splint. The composite splint is rapidly constructed on the original model, easily seated, and comfortably worn. Other properties of composite material also make it preferable for longterm use. Future studies are necessary to evaluate the functional differences between the composite and acrylic splint. J Periodontol 2001;72:1108‐1112.
Clinical Evaluation of Acellular Allograft Dermis for the Treatment of Human Gingival Recession
Authors: Aichelmann‐Reidy Mary E. , Yukna Raymond A. , Evans Gerald H. , Nasr Hisham F. , Mayer Elizabeth T. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Periodontal root coverage procedures to treat recession areas are indicated for unesthetic, exposed, and/or painful root surfaces. Many methods, most using autogenous soft tissue grafts, have been utilized, but with associated morbidity at the donor sites. An alternative donor material would reduce the morbidity and provide for sufficient available donor tissue.Methods: An acellular allogeneic dermal connective tissue matrix (AD) and autogenous palatal connective tissue (CT) were compared as subepithelial grafts for the treatment of gingival recession. Twenty‐two patients with similar isolated gingival recession of ≥2 mm on 2 separate teeth were treated with the subepithelial graft technique. Exposed roots were hand root planed only and, by random allocation, either a fitted AD or fitted CT graft was secured in place and covered by coronally positioned flaps.Results: Mann Whitney U test analysis found the following changes at 6 months for AD and CT, respectively, compared to presurgical conditions: root coverage of 1.7 ± 1.2 (65.9%) and 2.2 ± 1.1 mm (74.1%) (both P <0.01), increase in keratinized tissue (KT) of 1.2 ± 1.3 and 1.6 ± 1.9 (both P ≤0.01), and an increase in gingival thickness with both; 83.2% of expected root coverage was obtained with AD and 88.6% with CT (P = 0.43). There were no significant differences between treatments for any parameter. Global assessments by clinicians and patients suggested a more esthetic clinical result with AD.Conclusions: These results suggest that acellular allogeneic dermal matrix may be a useful substitute for autogenous connective tissue grafts in root coverage procedures. J Periodontol 2001;72:998‐1005.
Gingival Crevicular Fluid Matrix Metalloproteinase‐8 Levels Following Adjunctive Use of Meloxicam and Initial Phase of Periodontal Therapy
Authors: Buduneli Nurcan , Vardar Saynur , Atilla Gül , Sorsa Timo , Luoto Hanne , Baylas Haluk 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of adjunctive meloxicam on the matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8) levels of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in chronic periodontitis patients following the initial phase of periodontal therapy.Methods: Twelve chronic periodontitis patients received 7.5 mg meloxicam, and 10 patients received placebo tablets together with scaling and root planing in a 1 × 1 regimen for 10 days. Scaling and root planing were performed on day 3 of drug intake. The MMP‐8 levels in GCF samples obtained before and on day 10 of drug intake were determined by using the immunofluorescence assay. Plaque index (PI), papilla bleeding index (PBI), and GCF MMP‐8 levels were compared within each patient group, between the 2 patient groups, and also with a clinically healthy control group using non‐parametric statistical analyses.Results: Both meloxicam and placebo groups showed statistically significant reductions in PBI, PI, and GCF MMP‐8 levels on day 10 compared to baseline (P <0.01). The GCF MMP‐8 level on day 10 in the meloxicam group was similar to the clinically healthy control group (P >0.05), while it was significantly higher in the placebo group (P <0.01). Positive correlations were found between MMP‐8 total amounts and PBI scores at baseline and day 10 of drug intake in the patient groups.Conclusions: Meloxicam showed a tendency to reduce GCF MMP‐8 levels in vivo within the first 10 days when used as an adjunct in the initial phase of periodontal treatment that consists of scaling and root planing. Verification of this effect on collagenase‐2 downregulation, as well as on the clinical periodontal parameters in long‐term studies using larger test and control groups, is needed to provide further support for the adjunctive use of selective cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 inhibitors in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2002;73:103‐109.
Controlled Local Delivery of Tetracycline With Polymer Strips in the Treatment of Periodontitis
Authors: Friesen Lynn R. , Williams Karen B , Krause Lana S. , Killoy William J. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Several antibacterial agents have been studied as a means to produce bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity as an adjunct to mechanical treatment of periodontal disease. The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of tetracycline strips administered singly or in multiples in conjunction with root planing, versus root planing alone, or to an untreated control. Secondary purposes were to compare gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume and GCF concentrations of tetracycline in pockets treated with strips; to evaluate strip insertion time; and to compare ease of placement for single or multiple strips.Methods: Using a 4‐quadrant design, 4 test teeth in 24 patients were treated with either root planing and single strip application; root planing and multiple strip application; root planing alone; or an untreated control.Results: Single and multiple strip placement resulted in a significant reduction in probing depth (P = 0.033) compared to root planing and untreated groups. The multiple strip group significantly decreased bleeding on probing (P = 0.05) compared to all other treatment groups. There was no treatment effect on GCF; however, there was a significant reduction in the GCF volume over time (P = 0.001). The time required for placement was, on average, 1.9 minutes for single strips and 3.25 minutes for multiple strips.Conclusions: Our data suggest that multiple strips are superior to a single strip in reducing bleeding on probing, and that local delivery of tetracycline is superior to root planing alone in reducing probing depth.J Periodontol 2002;73:13‐19.
Itraconazole Prophylaxis for Invasive Gingival Aspergillosis in Neutropenic Patients With Acute Leukemia
Authors: Myoken Yoshinari , Sugata Tatsumi , Kyo Tai‐ichi , Fujihara Megumu , Mikami Yuzuru 
Published: February 2005

Background: Due to an increasing number of leukemic patients with invasive gingival aspergillosis during neutropenia (neutrophils <500 cells/μl for >10 days), we evaluated the efficacy of oral itraconazole prophylaxis for preventing this invasive infection at our hospital.Methods: This was a retrospective, non‐randomized study to analyze the onset of identified invasive gingival aspergillosis among 536 patients with acute leukemia at risk due to the presence of neutropenia from 1991 to 1998. Patients received itraconazole capsules 100 mg/day prophylactically between April 1994 and December 1996, and 200 mg/day between January 1997 and December 1998. Itraconazole serum levels at day 10 were measured in some patients.Results: In the 39 months prior to April 1994 without itraconazole prophylaxis, 15 cases of invasive gingival aspergillosis were detected in 192 high risk patients with 469 episodes of neutropenia (7.8% of the high risk patients). Between April 1994 and December 1996, using itraconazole prophylaxis at 100 mg/day, there was a dramatic decrease in the infections resulting in 3 of 198 high risk patients with 511 episodes of neutropenia (1.5% of the high risk patients). Furthermore, between January 1997 and December 1998, using itraconazole prophylaxis at 200 mg/day, no cases of the infection were observed in the 146 high risk patients with 380 episodes of neutropenia. The incidence of invasive gingival aspergillosis was significantly lower among patients administered itraconazole than among those without itraconazole (100 mg/day; P = 0.006 and 200 mg/day; P = 0.001). The mean itraconazole serum level in 20 patients receiving 100 mg/day was 71.78 ng/mL and in 16 patients receiving 200 mg/day was 202.67 ng/ml.Conclusions: These findings suggest that oral itraconazole could be effective for preventing invasive gingival aspergillosis in neutropenic patients with acute leukemia and warrants further randomized investigation. J Periodontol 2002;73:33‐38.
Lamina Propria Dendritic Cells Express Activation Markers and Contact Lymphocytes in Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Cirrincione Claudio , Pimpinelli Nicola , Orlando Lorenzo , Romagnoli Paolo 
Published: February 2005

Background: Dendritic cells are characterized by shape, structure, and membrane molecule expression; they contact T lymphocytes to present antigens and stimulate plasma cell differentiation in vitro. Dendritic cells are known to be present in healthy human gingiva and to be altered in HIV‐associated periodontitis. Here, we address the phenotype, location, and intercellular relationships of dendritic cells in chronic periodontitis.Methods: Biopsies from patients with chronic periodontitis were analyzed by electron microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence for dendritic cells and lymphocyte markers.Results: Langerhans' cells were spread in oral epithelium but restricted to the basal layer in pocket epithelium; they did not usually express major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐II antigens nor contact lymphocytes. Dendritic cells were abundant in the lamina propria of pocket epithelium; they were MHC‐II positive, admixed with CD4‐positive and CD8‐positive T lymphocytes, and, they expressed CD54, CD80, and CD86. Dendritic cells often contacted lymphocytes and were also located within plasma cell aggregates.Conclusions: The data suggest that prerequisites for mounting a T cell‐mediated immune response exist in chronic periodontitis, although this response is limited to the lamina propria. These results suggest that T‐cell responses offer limited protection and can contribute to tissue damage during periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2002;73:45‐52.
Inhibition of Proteolytic, Serpinolytic, and Progelatinase‐B Activation Activities of Periodontopathogens by Doxycycline and the Non‐Antimicrobial Chemically Modified Tetracycline Derivatives
Authors: Grenier D. , Plamondon P. , Sorsa T. , Lee H‐M. , McNamara T. , Ramamurthy N.S , Golub L.M. , Teronen O. , Mayrand D. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Tetracyclines, particularly doxycycline (Doxy), and their nonantimicrobial chemically‐modified derivatives (CMTs) inhibit the activities of human matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and reduce the severity and progression of periodontal disease in animal models and humans. In this study, the effects of Doxy and CMT‐1, ‐3, and ‐5 on proteolytic, serpinolytic, and progelatinase‐B activation activities of potent periodontopathogens were studied.Methods: The effect of Doxy and CMTs (0.5 to 50 μM) on proteolytic activities were investigated by incubating bacteria with chromogenic substrates or human serum albumin. A collagenolytic fraction of Porphyromonas gingivalis was used to evaluate the effect of these substances on collagenolytic (type I collagen) and serpinolytic (α1‐proteinase inhibitor) activities. Lastly, the effect of Doxy on progelatinase‐B (pro‐MMP‐9) activation by purified proteinases from P. gingivalis and Treponema denticola was investigated by SDS‐PAGE/Western immunoblotting.Results: Doxy and CMTs, except CMT‐5 which lacks the structural elements required for cation chelation, inhibited Arg‐ and Lys‐gingipain activities as well as collagenolytic activity of P. gingivalis. Doxy and CMTs did not markedly affect the chymotrypsin‐like activity of T. denticola but inhibited its trypsin‐like activity. In addition, degradation of human serum albumin by cells of P. gingivalis and T. denticola was strongly inhibited by Doxy and CMT‐1. Doxy and CMT‐1 also inhibited the inactivation of α1‐proteinase inhibitor (serpinolytic activity) by a collagenolytic fraction of P. gingivalis. Lastly, Doxy prevented the latent to active conversion of human neutrophil progelatinase‐B (pro‐MMP‐9) by Arg‐gingipains A/B of P. gingivalis but not by the chymotrypsin‐like proteinase of T. denticola.Conclusions: Data from this study suggest that Doxy and CMTs have the potential to inhibit the periodontopathogenic bacterial proteinases, which contribute to tissue destruction cascades during periodontitis directly and indirectly by triggering the host response. J Periodontol 2002;73:79‐85.
Root Surface Area of the Mandibular Cuspid and Bicuspids
Authors: Mowry John K. , Ching Michael G. , Orjansen Marc D. , Cobb Charles M. , Friesen Lynn Roosa , MacNeill Simon R. , Rapley John W. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the total root surface area of extracted teeth by computerized image analysis and the amount of remaining attachment area assuming various amounts of bone loss due to periodontal disease.Methods: One hundred fifty extracted mandibular teeth were evaluated, and measured from cusp tip to the cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ), CEJ to root apex, and cusp tip to root apex. The fulcrum point of the tooth was also measured, along with the total root surface area of attachment and total surface area of attachment remaining following simulation of attachment loss in 2 mm increments. Measurements were made on 80 teeth on one proximal surface and either the buccal or lingual surface and multiplied by a factor of 2. Measurements on 70 teeth were made on all 4 root surfaces to predict the accuracy of measuring only 2 surfaces to determine root surface area. Images of the tooth surfaces were obtained by video camera and converted to computer image with measurement of the surface areas.Results: The total root surface area for the mandibular cuspids and first and second bicuspids was 275.88 mm2, 251.45 mm2, and 271.81 mm2, respectively. The 2‐sided and 4‐sided measurements for the mandibular first bicuspid were 252.55 mm2 and 247.02 mm2, respectively (P >0.05).Conclusions: This study found the total root surface area to be greater than that in most previous studies. Increasing attachment loss is related to decreasing root surface area; however, this relationship is not directly proportional. No statistical difference was found between measuring 4 surfaces versus only 2 surfaces. J Periodontol 2002;73:1095‐1100.