bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathology of the adult central nervous system induced by genetic inhibition of programmed cell death in Drosophila pupae
Authors: Usui‐Aoki Kazue , Nakano Yoshiro , Yamamoto Daisuke 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the spinster (spin) mutant of Drosophila melanogaster, the extent of programmed cell death (PCD) in the abdominal ganglion 6 h after puparium formation (APF) is significantly reduced. The shortening of the abdominal ganglion, which is normally completed 48 h APF, does not occur. After eclosion, neurodegeneration accompanied by accumulation of autofluorescent materials is manifested in the central nervous system (CNS) of the spin mutant. The materials accumulated in the spin‐mutant CNS contain a substance that is immunopositive to an antibody against GM2 ganglioside. Halving the dosage of three cell death genes, rpr, grim, and hid, blocks shortening of the abdominal ganglion and induces neurodegeneration accompanied by accumulation of autofluorescent materials in the adult CNS. These observations suggest that the primary action of the spin mutation is to reduce the extent of PCD 6 h APF, which concomitantly leads to a failure in shortening of the abdominal ganglion and to neurodegeneration of the adult CNS. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 49:94–101, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endogenous control of circadian rhythms of pheromone production in the turnip moth, Agrotis segetum
Authors: Rosén WenQi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe circadian variation of pheromone production in the turnip moth, Agrotis segetum, was characterized by quantifying (Z)‐7‐dodecenyl acetate (Z7‐12:OAc), the most abundant pheromone component produced by female turnip moth, at different times of day. Under 17:7 h light‐dark cycle (LD), the peak of Z7‐12:OAc production occurred around 4 h into the scotophase, while there was very little pheromone production during the photophase. When females were maintained under constant darkness (DD), the periodicity of pheromone production was sustained for 3 consecutive days. Furthermore, the rhythm in pheromone production could be entrained to a shifted LD. These results demonstrate that the pheromone production in the turnip moth is regulated endogenously by a circadian clock. To understand how the circadian rhythm of pheromone production is generated, circadian variation of pheromone‐ biosynthesis‐activating neuropeptide (PBAN)‐like activity in the brain‐suboesophageal ganglion complexes (Br‐SOG), hemolymph, and ventral nerve cord (VNC) was also examined. Under both LD and DD, only the VNC displayed a circadian variation in the PBAN‐like activity, which was significantly higher during the late‐photophase than that in the scotophase. In addition, the present study showed that removal of VNC in isolated abdomen did not affect PBAN stimulation of pheromone production, while severing the VNC impaired normal pheromone production. The role of Br‐SOG, VNC, and hemolymph in the regulation of the periodicity of pheromone production is discussed. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 50:21–30, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Age‐ and diapause‐related acid and alkaline phosphatase activities in the intestine and malpighian tubules of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)
Authors: Yi Shu‐Xia , Adams T.S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSpecific activities for soluble (s) and membrane (m)‐bound acid (ACP) and alkaline phosphatases (ALP) were determined in the midgut, hindgut, and Malpighian tubules for developing, prediapausing, and diapausing adult Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). High ACP activities were found in the hindgut and Malpighian tubules while high ALP activities were found in the Malpighian tubules. Variation in both ACP and ALP activities in each tissue reflects fluctuation in protein synthesis and secretion involved with digestion, excretion, and other unknown functions. Phosphatase activities in the tissues examined show the dynamic nature of diapause in this insect. Diapausing beetles showed increases in phosphatase activity after hormone treatments. JHA treatments increased s‐ACP and m‐ACP activities in all tissues but 20‐HE did not increase activity in any tissue. Allatotropin tended to mimic the effects of JHA treatment. The s‐ALP activity was also increased in all tissues whereas m‐ALP was increased in the midgut and hindgut by JHA treatment. Malpighian tubule m‐ALP activity was only increased by 20‐HE treatments. Allatotropin was not as effective in increasing ALP activities as it was with ACP activities. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 46:152–163, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differences in midgut serine proteinases from larvae of the bruchid beetles Callosobruchus maculatus and Zabrotes subfasciatus
Authors: Silva Carlos P. , Terra Walter R. , Lima Rodrigo M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractProteinase activities in the larval midguts of the bruchids Callosobruchus maculatus and Zabrotes subfasciatus were investigated. Both midgut homogenates showed a slightly acidic to neutral pH optima for the hydrolysis of fluorogenic substrates. Proteolysis of ϵ‐aminocaproil‐Leu‐Cys(SBzl)‐MCA was totally inhibited by the cysteine proteinase inhibitors E‐64 and leupeptin, and was activated by 1.5 mM DTT in both insects, while hydrolysis of the substrate Z‐ArgArg‐MCA was inhibited by aprotinin and E‐64, which suggests that it is being hydrolysed by serine and cysteine proteinases. Gel assays showed that the proteolytic activity in larval midgut of C. maculatus was due to five major cysteine proteinases. However, based on the pattern of E‐64 and aprotinin inhibition, proteolytic activity in larval midgut of Z. subfasciatus was not due only to cysteine proteinases. Fractionation of the larval midgut homogenates of both bruchids through ion‐exchange chromatography (DEAE‐Sepharose) revealed two peaks of activity against Z‐ArgArg‐MCA for both bruchid species. The fractions from C. maculatus have characteristics of cysteine proteinases, while Z. subfasciatus has one non‐retained peak of activity containing cysteine proteinases and another eluted in a gradient of 250–350 mM NaCl. The proteolytic activity of the retained peak is higher at pH 8.8 than at pH 6.0 and corresponds with a single peak that is active against N‐p‐tosyl‐GlyGlyArg‐MCA, and sensitive to 250 μM aprotinin (90% inhibition). The peak contains a serine proteinase which hydrolyzes α‐amylase inhibitor 1 from the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 47:18–28, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Geophysical Investigation at the Falling Creek Ironworks, an Early Industrial Site in Virginia
Authors: Jones Geoffrey 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA geophysical investigation was conducted at the site of the Falling Creek Ironworks (1619–1622), the first iron production facility in North America. Electrical resistance and magnetic field gradient surveys were conducted over the site of the seventeenth century ironworks. Additionally, ground‐penetrating radar was used to investigate areas under an existing roadway. Linear and rectangular anomalies that appear in the resistance data may be caused by architectural features, possibly shops or domestic structures associated with the ironworks. Several low‐amplitude magnetic anomalies that appear in the data appear to be cultural in origin, and may be caused by features associated with the ironworks. A number of high‐amplitude magnetic anomalies appear in the magnetic field gradient data that are thought to be associated with iron production, including extensive slag deposits and the possible location of the blast furnace. Ground‐penetrating radar data shows an anomalous reflection in the vicinity of the suspected blast furnace, which is partially beneath the modern roadway. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constitutive expression of BCL‐XL in the T lineage attenuates collagen‐induced arthritis in Bcl‐XL transgenic mice
Authors: Chen Ying , Rosloniec Ed , Price Jim , Boothby Mark , Chen Jin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if inhibition of T cell apoptosis through constitutive expression of Bcl‐XL in the T lineage influences inflammatory arthritis in the mouse collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) model.MethodsThe incidence and severity of arthritis were quantified in Bcl‐XL transgenic mice and nontransgenic littermates after immunization with type II collagen (CII). To correlate T cell responses with disease phenotype, antigen‐specific T cell proliferation was measured by 3H‐thymidine incorporation. Apoptosis and cell cycle progression were analyzed by flow cytometry using propidium iodide. Production of CII‐specific interferon‐γ (IFNγ), interleukin‐5 (IL‐5), and IL‐10 was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsDisease severity in CIA was significantly attenuated in Bcl‐XL transgenic mice compared with their nontransgenic littermates. Inhibition of CIA was associated with decreased T cell apoptosis, delayed cell cycle progression, and reduced IFNγ production.ConclusionRather than promoting inflammation, inhibition of apoptosis by expression of the Bcl‐XL protein in the T lineage attenuates disease progression in CIA, probably through inhibition of IFNγ production.
A novel mutation in the third extracellular domain of the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 in a Finnish family with autosomal‐dominant recurrent fever
Authors: Nevala Hanna , Karenko Leena , Stjernberg Susanna , Raatikainen Maria , Suomalainen Hanna , Lagerstedt Anssi , Rauta Jenita , McDermott Michael F. , Peterson Pärt , Pettersson Tom , Ranki Annamari 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the presence of TRAPS (tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated periodic syndrome), which is a recently defined, dominantly inherited autoinflammatory syndrome caused by mutations in the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 1A gene (TNFRSF1A, CD120a), in a Finnish family with recurrent fever.MethodsThe TNFRSF1A gene was sequenced in both affected and unaffected family members. Flow cytometry and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay analyses were used to assess membrane expression and serum levels of the TNFRSF1A protein, respectively.ResultsA missense mutation in exon 4, located in the third extracellular domain of TNFRSF1A and resulting in an amino acid substitution (F112I) close to a conserved cysteine, was found in all 4 affected family members and in 1 asymptomatic individual. The mutation was clearly associated with low levels of soluble TNFRSF1A as well as with the clinical symptoms of recurrent fever and abdominal pain. Impaired shedding of TNFRSF1A after phorbol myristate acetate stimulation was detected in blood granulocytes and monocytes from the 3 adult family members with the mutation, but in the child bearing the mutation and showing clinical symptoms of recent onset, the shedding defect was less marked.ConclusionTRAPS should be suspected in any patient who presents with a history of intermittent fever accompanied by unexplained abdominal pain, arthritis, or skin rash, particularly in the presence of a family history of such symptoms. Screening for low serum levels of soluble TNFRSF1A identifies individuals who are likely to have TNFRSF1A mutations.
Assessment of fatigue in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: A psychometric analysis
Authors: van Tubergen Astrid , Coenen Jolanda , Landewé Robert , Spoorenberg Anneke , Chorus Astrid , Boonen Annelies , van der Linden Sjef , van der Heijde Désirée 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate whether the single‐item fatigue question of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) are appropriate instruments to measure fatigue in ankylosing spondylitis (AS); to identify factors that influence fatigue in AS; and to assess how fatigue in all its aspects is associated with quality of life in AS.MethodsA total of 812 patients with AS were included. Patients completed questionnaires on disease activity (BASDAI), functional ability (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index [BASFI]), global well‐being (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Global Score [BAS‐G]), overall perceived health (EuroQoL visual analog scale), and quality of life (Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life questionnaire, and Short Form 36 [SF‐36]). Patients were dichotomized into a F+ group (fatigue = major symptom) if the BASDAI fatigue score was > 5.0 and a F− group (fatigue = minor symptom) if the fatigue score was < 5.0. Reproducibility was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients, and responsiveness was calculated according to 3 different methods. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine which factors were associated with fatigue. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate whether fatigue contributes in explaining quality of life.ResultsFifty‐three percent of the patients were assigned to the F+ group. They scored significantly worse compared with the F− group with respect to each dimension of the MFI and to all other questionnaires studied (all P < 0.001). The BASDAI fatigue question, as well as each separate dimension of the MFI, showed moderate to good reproducibility (0.57–0.75) and responsiveness (0.23–0.96). Fatigue was, in the opinion of the patients, highly associated with pain (70% of patients) and stiffness (54% of patients). Logistic regression analysis showed that scores on BASDAI, BASFI, BAS‐G, and mental health status (SF‐36) were independently associated with fatigue (R2 = 0.52). Multiple regression analysis showed that scores on the BASDAI fatigue question were significantly associated with quality of life. With the 5 MFI dimensions as explanatory variables, different aspects of fatigue were associated with different domains of quality of life.ConclusionsFatigue as a major symptom of AS can effectively be measured with either a single‐item question on the intensity of fatigue or with the MFI. The MFI, however, provides more insight into specific dimensions of fatigue. Fatigue appears to be associated with the level of disease activity, functional ability, global well‐being, and mental health status. In addition, fatigue negatively influences different aspects of quality of life.
Pharmacokinetics of andolast after administration of single escalating doses by inhalation in mild asthmatic patients
Authors: Persiani S. , D'Amato M. , Makovec F. , Arshad S.H. , Holgate S.T. , Rovati L.C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics of andolast, a new tetrazolyl‐benzamido derivative with antiallergic, antiinflammatory, mucosal protective and antisecretive activities, have been investigated in patients suffering from mild asthma (FEV1⩾70% of predicted) in whom obstruction was reversible (FEV1 increase⩾15% of initial) after the administration of 0.2 mg of salbutamol by inhalation. Twelve out‐patients (seven males and five females) were enrolled in the present study and were treated with a single dose of andolast of 2, 4 and 8 mg by inhalation using the MIAT Monohaler® device according to a randomised crossover design. Plasma samples were collected before drug administration and up to 540 min after dosing. Andolast plasma concentrations were determined using a validated LC‐MS/MS method with a limit of quantitation of 0.2 ng ml−1. Pharmacokinetic analysis was carried out using standard non‐compartmental methods. In addition, andolast safety and tolerability were evaluated by performing standard laboratory tests, by recording vital signs and ECGs and by monitoring the occurrence of adverse events throughout the study period. Andolast was absorbed after inhalation and was available to the systemic circulation. The mean peak plasma concentrations were 6.3, 10.9 and 30.5 ng ml−1 at the three doses, respectively, and occurred at 30, 52.5 and 30 min (median tmax). The mean AUCt values were 1852, 2889 and 7677 ng min ml−1. The apparent plasma clearance (CL/F) and volume of distribution (Vz/F) were, respectively, 1168 ml min−1 and 430 l at the dose of 2 mg, 1143 ml min−1 and 468 l at the dose of 4 mg, and 1141 ml min−1 and 486 l at the dose of 8 mg. The apparent elimination half‐life averaged 4.5, 5.0 and 4.6 h at the three doses, respectively. Even though the small number of subjects participating in the present study reduced the power of the statistical test, there was no statistically significant evidence of non‐proportionality for all the andolast pharmacokinetic parameters calculated at the three doses. Thus, the data obtained as a whole suggest that andolast pharmacokinetics are dose‐independent in the dose range investigated. Finally, the safety and tolerabilty of the drug administered to mild asthmatic patients was good up to the maximum investigated dose of 8 mg. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of high‐ and low‐current‐configuration homes from the 1988 Denver childhood cancer study
Authors: Kaune W.T. , Dovan T. , Kavet R.I. , Savitz D.A. , Neutra R.R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn epidemiological study conducted by Savitz et al. reported that residential wire codes were more strongly associated with childhood cancer than were measured magnetic fields, a peculiar result because wire codes were originally developed to be a surrogate for residential magnetic fields. The primary purpose of the study reported here, known as the Back to Denver (BTD) study, was to obtain data to help in the interpretation of the original results of Savitz et al. The BTD study included 81 homes that had been occupied by case and control subjects of Savitz et al., stratified by wire code as follows: 18 high current configuration (HCC) case homes; 20 HCC control homes; 20 low current configuration (LCC) case homes; and 23 LCC control homes. Analysis of new data acquired in these homes led to the following previously unpublished conclusions. The home‐averaged (i.e., mean of fields measured in subjects' bedrooms, family/living rooms, and rooms where meals normally eaten) spot 60 Hz, 180 Hz, and harmonic (i.e., 60–420 Hz) magnetic fields were associated with wire codes. The 180 Hz and harmonic components, but not the 60 Hz component, were associated with case/control status. Measured static magnetic fields were only weakly correlated (r ≈ 0.2) between rooms in homes. The BTD data provide little support for, but are too sparse to definitively test, the 1995 resonance hypothesis proposed by Bowman et al. Case and control homes had similar concentrations of copper in their tap water. Copper concentration was not associated with wire codes nor with the level of electric current carried by a home's water pipe. These results of the BTD study suggest that future case/control studies investigating power frequency magnetic fields might wish to include measurements of 180 Hz or harmonic magnetic fields in order to examine their associations (if any) with disease status. Bioelectromagnetics 23:177–188, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carcinogenicity test in B6C3F1 mice after parental and prenatal exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields
Authors: Otaka Yoshihisa , Chida Tetsuo , Yamagishi Yasuhiko , Kitamura Satoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSome epidemiological studies suggest association of childhood cancer with occupational exposure of the parents to magnetic fields. To test this relationship, 50 each of C57BL/6J female and C3H/HeJ male mice were exposed for 2 and 9 weeks, respectively, to 50 Hz sham (group A), 0.5 (group B), and 5 mT (group C) sinusoidal alternating magnetic fields. They were mated under the exposure for up to 2 weeks, and the exposure was continued until parturition. All the B6C3F1 offspring, without adjusting numbers of animals, were clinically observed without exposure to magnetic field for a nominal 78 weeks from 6–8 weeks of age after weaning and then euthanized for pathological examination according to a routine carcinogenicity test. 540 pups entered the test, and the survival rate was 96.7%. No F1 mouse died of tumoral diseases before a male in A group died of stomach cancer at 43 weeks of age. The first animal death in the exposed groups due to tumor occurred at 71 weeks of age. Eighteen animals died before necropsy at 84–86 weeks of age. No significant difference was detected in the final number of survivors and incidence of tumors between groups A and B, or A and C. Concerning reproduction total implants in group B were less than in group A and the difference was on the borderline of significance (P = .05). This difference was not reproduced in a later duplicate experiment. Bioelectromagnetics 23:206–213, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of three different ways of measuring distances between residences and high voltage power lines
Authors: Blaasaas Karl Gerhard , Tynes Tore 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether distance data based on calculations by use of digitalized geographical information systems (GIS) and distance data based on measurements on 1:5000 maps agree sufficiently with on site distance measurements to be used as input to magnetic field calculations in epidemiological studies. The analysis were performed by use of weighted kappa (κw) statistical method described by Bland and Altman for comparison of measures of agreement. Map measurements showed better agreement with on site measurements than GIS calculations did. However, we consider both methods appropriate for use in larger epidemiological studies if the results are interpreted with caution. GIS calculations have the advantage of being both time and cost saving. Bioelectromagnetics 23:288–291, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decreased DNA repair rates and protection from heat induced apoptosis mediated by electromagnetic field exposure
Authors: Robison Jacob G. , Pendleton Amanda R. , Monson Kirk O. , Murray Byron K. , O'Neill Kim L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this study, we demonstrate that electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure results in protection from heat induced apoptosis in human cancer cell lines in a time dependent manner. Apoptosis protection was determined by growing HL‐60, HL‐60R, and Raji cell lines in a 0.15 mT 60 Hz sinusoidal EMF for time periods between 4 and 24 h. After induction of apoptosis, cells were analyzed by the neutral comet assay to determine the percentage of apoptotic cells. To discover the duration of this protection, cells were grown in the EMF for 24 h and then removed for 24 to 48 h before heat shock and neutral comet assays were performed. Our results demonstrate that EMF exposure offers significant protection from apoptosis (P<.0001 for HL‐60 and HL‐60R,P<.005 for Raji) after 12 h of exposure and that protection can last up to 48 h after removal from the EMF. In this study we further demonstrate the effect of the EMF on DNA repair rates. DNA repair data were gathered by exposing the same cell lines to the EMF for 24 h before damaging the exposed cells and non‐exposed cells with H2O2. Cells were allowed to repair for time periods between 0 and 15 min before analysis using the alkaline comet assay. Results showed that EMF exposure significantly decreased DNA repair rates in HL‐60 and HL‐60R cell lines (P<.001 andP<.01 respectively), but not in the Raji cell line. Importantly, our apoptosis results show that a minimal time exposure to an EMF is needed before observed effects. This may explain previous studies showing no change in apoptosis susceptibility and repair rates when treatments and EMF exposure were administered concurrently. More research is necessary, however, before data from this in vitro study can be applied to in vivo systems. Bioelectromagnetics 23:106–112, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.