bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent brand consciousness and product placements: awareness, liking and perceived effects on self and others
Authors: Nelson Michelle R. , McLeod Laurie Ellis 
Published: September 2005

AbstractProduct placements in entertainment media are increasing, particularly in content targeted to adolescents. This marketing communication tactic is examined in the context of media socialization and individual differences in brand consciousness. The relative influence of commercial media (TV, radio, movies, online) and perceived peer and parent brand consciousness on US adolescent brand consciousness is assessed, as well as differences in how low and high brand‐conscious adolescents view product placements. Awareness, liking and perceived effects of product placements on self and others (third‐person perception) were measured. Results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses show that movies and perceived parent and peer brand consciousness were positively related to adolescent brand consciousness. Those adolescents considered to be highly brand‐conscious were also those who were most aware of and favourable towards product placements. All adolescents demonstrated third‐person perception of media effects in that they considered others to be more influenced by product placements than themselves, with peers influenced more than friends. Highly brand‐conscious teens perceived the greatest effects of product placements on their own and others’ buying behaviours, yet low brand‐conscious teens revealed the largest gap in perceptions of impact on self vs. peers. The results are discussed in view of media effects; ramifications for marketers and public policy makers are also appraised.
Opposing effects of phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate, an activator of protein kinase C, on the signaling of structurally related human dopamine D1 and D5 receptors
Authors: Jackson Adele , Sedaghat Keyvan , Minerds Kirsty , James Carolyn , Tiberi Mario 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe ‘cross‐talk’ between different types of neurotransmitters through second messenger pathways represents a major regulatory mechanism in neuronal function. We investigated the effects of activation of protein kinase C (PKC) on cAMP‐dependent signaling by structurally related human D1‐like dopaminergic receptors. Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells expressing D1 or D5 receptors were pretreated with phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA), a potent activator of PKC, followed by analysis of dopamine‐mediated receptor activation using whole cell cAMP assays. Unpredictably, PKC activation had completely opposite effects on D1 and D5 receptor signaling. PMA dramatically augmented agonist‐evoked D1 receptor signaling, whereas constitutive and dopamine‐mediated D5 receptor activation were rapidly blunted. RT–PCR and immunoblotting analyses showed that phorbol ester‐regulated PKC isozymes (conventional: α, βI, βII, γ; novel: δ, ɛ, η, θ) and protein kinase D (PKCµ) are expressed in HEK293 cells. PMA appears to mediate these contrasting effects through the activation of Ca2+‐independent novel PKC isoforms as revealed by specific inhibitors, bisindolylmaleimide I, Gö6976, and Gö6983. The finding that cross‐talk between PKC and cAMP pathways can produce such opposite outcomes following the activation of structurally similar D1‐like receptor subtypes is novel and further strengthens the view that D1 and D5 receptors serve distinct functions in the mammalian nervous and endocrine systems.
Development of STMS markers from the medicinal plant Madagascar periwinkle [Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.]
Authors: SHOKEEN BHUMIKA , SETHY NIROJ K. , CHOUDHARY SHALU , BHATIA SABHYATA 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe report the isolation and characterization of the first set of sequence‐tagged microsatellites sites (STMS) markers in Catharanthus roseus, a plant with a vast range of medicinal uses. The microsatellite loci were cloned from an enriched library constructed using degenerate primers. Based on the microsatellite motifs, seven STMS primer pairs were designed. They were used to amplify 32 accessions of C. roseus and one accession of Catharanthus trichophyllus. The primers amplified an average of 3.86 alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.2903 to 0.9688 with an average of 0.7511. The STMS markers of C. roseus also amplified corresponding loci in a related species (C. trichophyllus) suggesting conservation of the loci across the genus. These markers will prove useful for genetic diversity analysis and linkage map construction in C. roseus.
genalex 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research
Authors: PEAKALL ROD , SMOUSE PETER E. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract genalex is a user‐friendly cross‐platform package that runs within Microsoft Excel, enabling population genetic analyses of codominant, haploid and binary data. Allele frequency‐based analyses include heterozygosity, F statistics, Nei's genetic distance, population assignment, probabilities of identity and pairwise relatedness. Distance‐based calculations include amova, principal coordinates analysis (PCA), Mantel tests, multivariate and 2D spatial autocorrelation and twogener. More than 20 different graphs summarize data and aid exploration. Sequence and genotype data can be imported from automated sequencers, and exported to other software. Initially designed as tool for teaching, genalex 6 now offers features for researchers as well. Documentation and the program are available at http://www.anu.edu.au/BoZo/GenAlEx/
Evaluation of clinical usefulness of second‐generation HCV core antigen assay: comparison with COBAS AMPLICOR HCV MONITOR assay version 2.0
Authors: Yokosuka Osamu , Kawai Shigenobu , Suzuki Yoichi , Fukai Kenichi , Imazeki Fumio , Kanda Tatsuo , Tada Motohisa , Mikata Rintarou , Hata Akira , Saisho Hiromitsu 
Published: October 2005

Abstract: Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important etiologic agent for chronic liver diseases.Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of second‐generation HCV core antigen assay by comparing the results of the assay with those of the COBAS AMPLICOR HCV MONITOR version 2.0 (COBAS v2.0).Results: HCV core antigen was detectable by this assay in 142/149 (95.3%) of serotype 1 (3821±322 fmol/l; mean±SD), in 56/58 (96.6%) of serotype 2 (2589±449 fmol/l), and in 6/6 (100%) of serotypes 1+2 (1240±548 fmol/l). The HCV core antigen levels measured by this assay correlated well with the HCV RNA levels by COBAS v2.0 (r=0.848, P<0.0001). In relation to the outcome of interferon monotherapy, the pretreatment HCV core antigen levels of sustained and non‐sustained virological responders were 659±189 and 4904±376 fmol/l in serotype 1, 1993±740 and 3145±519 fmol/l in serotype 2. The cutoff values with the best accuracy for HCV core Ag levels to discriminate between sustained and non‐sustained virological response were 699 fmol/l for serotype 1 and 292 fmol/l for serotype 2, respectively, by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.Conclusion: This new assay was considered to be useful in evaluating the HCV levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Peripheral blood progenitor cell mobilization and collection in 42 patients with primary systemic amyloidosis
Authors: Perotti Cesare , Del Fante Claudia , Viarengo Gianluca , Perlini Stefano , Vezzoli Monia , Rodi Giuseppe , Palo Alessandra , Bergamaschi Paola , Salvaneschi Laura 
Published: September 2005

BACKGROUND: High‐dose chemotherapy followed by an inoculum of autologous peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) can improve survival in patients affected with primary systemic amyloidosis (AL). It has been documented, however, that the morbidity and mortality of PBPC mobilization and collection in this setting are higher than in patients with other diseases. To minimize the mobilization and collection‐related risks, we developed a multidisciplinary approach involving different specialists to manage AL patients with predominant heart and renal involvement.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We report our experience in 42 patients (23 men, 19 women; median age, 51.2 years; range, 28‐68 years) with AL who underwent PBPC mobilization and collection. Twenty of the 42 patients (47.6%) had cardiac involvement and 35 of 42 (83.3%) renal involvement. Thirty‐three patients (78.5%) were mobilized with granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) alone (10 µg/kg) and 9 (21.4%) with cyclophosphamide (CTX) (3 g/m2) plus G‐CSF (10 µg/kg).RESULTS: The median number of collections per patient after either G‐CSF or CTX plus G‐CSF was 1.8 (range, 1‐3). The median number of CD34+ cells collected in patients mobilized with G‐CSF alone was 8.2 × 106 per kg (range, 1.35 × 106‐21.3 × 106/kg) and in patients mobilized with CTX plus G‐CSF it was 8.9 × 106 per kg (range, 5.5 × 106‐14.9 × 106/kg). Forty of the 42 (95.2%) patients produced the minimum required CD34+ cell target dose (4 × 106/kg). The overall rate of morbidity during the collections was 50 percent (21/42 patients): 18 patients (42.8%) had asymptomatic hypotension, 1 (2.4%) had symptomatic hypotension with nausea and vomiting, and 2 (4.7%) experienced a life‐threatening hypotensive episode. There were no procedure‐related deaths.CONCLUSION: Our multidisciplinary approach was effective in limiting the serious side effects related to PBPC mobilization and collection in AL patients.
Rhnull syndrome: identification of a novel mutation in RHce
Authors: Rosa K.A. , Reid M.E. , Lomas‐Francis C. , Powell V.I. , Costa F.F. , Stinghen S.T. , Watanabe A.M. , Carboni E.K. , Baldon J.P. , Jucksch M.M.F. , Castilho L. 
Published: October 2005

BACKGROUND: The deficiency of Rh proteins on red blood cells (RBCs) from individuals of the Rhnull amorph type are the result of homozygosity for a silent RHCE in cis with a deleted RHD. A novel mutation in RHce was identified in two Caucasian Brazilian girls with the amorph type of Rhnull who were born to parents who were first cousins.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: RBCs from the Rhnull sisters and from family members were analyzed by serology and flow cytometry with specific antibodies. Genomic DNA and transcripts were tested by polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis.RESULTS: Rhnull RBCs were nonreactive with anti‐Rh and anti‐LW. Molecular analyses showed a deletion of RHD and of one nucleotide (960/963; GGGG→GGG) in exon 7 of the RHce. This deletion introduced a frameshift after Gly321, a new C‐terminal sequence, and a premature stop codon, resulting in a shorter predicted protein with 357 amino acids.CONCLUSION: The detection of a unique RHce transcript indicated that the two sisters were homozygous, whereas the other family members were heterozygous for the mutation. A novel mutation resulting in the amorph Rhnull with loss of Rh antigen expression is described.
Acute Blood Pressure Changes After the Onset of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia: A Time‐Course Analysis
Authors: RAZAVI MEHDI , LURIA DAVID M. , JAHANGIR ARSHAD , HODGE DAVID O. , LOW PHILLIP A. , SHEN WIN‐KUANG 
Published: September 2005

Introduction: We aimed to characterize blood pressure (BP) response at the beginning of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and its relationship to orthostatic challenge and variable atrioventricular interval. Methods and Results: In this prospective study of 17 consecutive patients with documented AVNRT, mean BP was analyzed in the supine and upright positions during sinus rhythm, AVNRT, and pacing with atrioventricular delay of 150 msec (AV150) and 0 msec (AV0). Mean BPs were compared at 3–5 seconds, 8–10 seconds, and 28–30 seconds after the onset of AVNRT or pacing. BP decreased immediately after AVNRT initiation, with gradual recovery during the first 30 seconds from 71.9 ± 16.5 mmHg to 86 ± 13.8 mmHg, P < 0.01. A similar pattern was observed during AV0, but not during AV150, pacing. While supine, mean BP decrease was more pronounced during AVNRT and AV0 pacing (−26.1% and −32.1%, respectively) than during AV150 pacing (−8%, P = 0.02 and P = 0.07, respectively). This difference subsided 30 seconds after the onset of AVNRT or pacing. When upright, the mean BP time course was similar, but mean BP recovery during AVNRT was slower, and the difference between mean BP during AVNRT and AV150 persisted at 30 seconds. Conclusions: The initial mean BP decrease during AVNRT recovered gradually within 30 seconds. A short atrioventricular interval is associated with a greater mean BP decrease at the onset of tachycardia. These observations may explain clinical symptoms immediately after the onset of AVNRT.
Idiopathic Left Ventricular Tachycardia Originating from the Mitral Annulus
Authors: KUMAGAI KOJI , YAMAUCHI YASUTERU , TAKAHASHI ATSUSHI , YOKOYAMA YASUHIRO , SEKIGUCHI YUKIO , WATANABE JUN , IESAKA YOSHITO , SHIRATO KUNIO , AONUMA KAZUTAKA 
Published: September 2005

Background: Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) can eliminate most idiopathic repetitive monomorphic ventricular tachycardias (RMVTs) originating from the right and left ventricular outflow tracts (RVOT, LVOT). Here, we describe the electrophysiological (EP) findings of a new variant of RMVT originating from the mitral annulus (MAVT). Methods and Results: MAVT was identified in 35 patients out of 72 consecutive left ventricular RMVTs from May 2000 to June 2004. All patients underwent an EP study and RFCA. The sites of origin of the MAVT were grouped into four groups according to the successful ablation sites around the mitral annulus. Group I included the anterior sites (n = 11), group II the anterolateral sites (n = 9), group III the lateral sites (n = 6), and group IV the posterior sites (n = 9). The MAVTs were a wide QRS tachycardia with a delta wave‐like beginning of the QRS complex. The transitional zone of the R wave occurred between V1‐V2 in all cases. The 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern might reflect the site of the origin of MAVTs around the mitral annulus. We proposed an algorithm for predicting the site of the focus and the tactics needed for successful RFCA of the MAVT. Conclusions: We described the EP findings of the new variant of RMVT, MAVT. Most MAVTs could be eliminated by RF applications to the endocardial mitral annulus using our proposed tactics.
Understanding Nonresponders of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy—Current and Future Perspectives
Authors: YU CHEUK‐MAN , WING‐HONG FUNG JEFFREY , ZHANG QING , SANDERSON JOHN E. 
Published: September 2005

Introduction: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is now an established nonpharmacologic therapy for advanced heart failure with electromechanical delay. Despite compelling evidence of the benefits of CRT, one troubling issue is the lack of a favorable response in about one‐third of patients. Methods and Results: Currently, there is no unifying definition of responders, and published data were based on acute hemodynamic changes, chronic left ventricular reverse remodeling, as well as the intermediate or long‐term clinical response. The lack of improvement with CRT can be due to many factors including the placement of the left ventricular pacing lead in an inappropriate location, the absence of electrical conduction delay or mechanical dyssynchrony despite wide QRS complexes, and possibly failure to optimize the CRT settings after device implantation. In acute hemodynamic studies, placing the left ventricular leads at the free wall region has been suggested to generate the best pulse pressure and positive dp/dt. The degree of mechanical dyssynchrony has recently been assessed noninvasively in CRT patients by echocardiography and in particular by tissue Doppler imaging. These studies suggested that responders of left ventricular reverse remodeling or systolic function had more severe systolic dyssynchrony. However, further studies are needed to examine the clinical utility of these parameters when applied to the standardized anatomic or functional endpoints. Optimization of atrioventricular and interventricular pacing intervals may also reduce the number of nonresponders, though newer methods, especially interventricular pacing intervals, are still under clinical investigation. Conclusion: With the adjunctive use of imaging technology, physicians are able to characterize the response to CRT objectively, and cardiac imaging is an important clinical tool for determining more precisely the presence and degree of mechanical dyssynchrony.
An implementation strategy for introducing an OSCE into a dental school
Authors: Schoonheim‐Klein M. , Walmsley A. D. , Habets L. , Van Der Velden U. , Manogue M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIntroduction:  The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) uses a series of test‐stations to test clinical competencies. The introduction of an OSCE in a dental school is always a new experience for both staff and students and may result in a change in assessment methods. As resistance could develop when changes are introduced into an organisation, the use of a strategy for the implementation of such change willhelp to diminish opposition and may therefore result in the co‐operation of staff and their departments. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an implementation strategy by measuring attitudes of both staff and students towards the OSCE as a new form of clinical assessment in a dental school (ACTA).Materials and methods:  ‘Stepwise’ behaviour change (with information, participation and commitment as tools) was used as a strategy to minimise protective behaviour to the introduction of an OSCE. After lectures on assessment, 59 staff members participated in a mini‐OSCE with eight test‐stations, playing both the role of a student and observer. A questionnaire, designed to test attitudes and commitment towards the new OSCE was completed after the examination. Six months later, 22 staff of all departments had developed and run a pilot OSCE for 44 students. A similar questionnaire was answered by staff and students. A year later, another OSCE for all 103 third year students was designed, organised and evaluated with full co‐operation of the clinical teaching staff.Results:  Staff total attitude grew positively (P = 0.001). Student's total attitude was lower than staff (P < 0.001) The results of the survey after the mini‐staff‐OSCE and pilot and final OSCE were favourable in terms of the acceptance of use of an OSCE for the assessment of clinical competences.Conclusion:  The implementation strategy appears to have been successful. The objective of gaining the co‐operation of staff and departments and avoiding resistance to change was achieved.
Learner‐control vs. program‐control instructional multimedia: a comparison of two interactions when teaching principles of orthodontic appliances
Authors: Aly M. , Elen J. , Willems G. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackground:  Many studies have compared computer assisted learning (CAL) to more traditional learning formats and have shown CAL to be as effective as or superior to the alternative resources. However, there are only scarce attempts to show which style of CAL leads to the best learning outcomes in orthodontics.Aim:  To compare the effectiveness of a learner‐control (group A) vs. program‐control (group B) multimedia learning environment courseware packages regarding knowledge, understanding and transfer of content when applied to teaching principles of orthodontic appliances to undergraduate students.Methods:  Pre‐ and post‐test assessments of undergraduate dental students (n = 30) who either studied a learner‐control multimedia learning environment courseware package (n = 15) or a program‐control version (n = 15) on equivalent material of the orthodontic appliances curriculum. Both groups were evaluated by means of multiple‐choice questions covering knowledge, understanding and application. A one‐way ANOVA was carried out in order to check for statistical difference between the two groups. The P‐value was set at 0.05.Results:  There was no difference in prior knowledge between both groups at baseline. Although, both groups significantly improved their scores after having studied the course, no significant difference was found between both groups in relation to answers to questions about knowledge, understanding and application.Conclusions:  In this study, the learner‐control instructional multimedia program was found to be as effective as the program‐control version when teaching principles of the orthodontic appliances to undergraduate students. The focus needs to be on improving the value of CAL. Comparative evaluations of how different CAL approaches compare with or complement one another are certainly needed.
Probabilistic Main Bearing Performance for an Internal Combustion
Engine
Authors: Mourelatos Zissimos P. , Vlahopoulos Nickolas , Ebrat Omidreza , Liang Jinghong , Wang Jin 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
A probabilistic analysis is presented for studying the variation effects on the main bearing performance of an I.C. engine system, under structural dynamic conditions. For computational efficiency, the probabilistic analysis is based on surrogate models (metamodels), which are developed using the kriging method. An optimum symmetric Latin hypercube algorithm is used for efficient “space-filling” sampling of the design space. The metamodels provide an efficient and accurate substitute to the actual engine bearing simulation models. The bearing performance is based on a comprehensive engine system dynamic analysis which couples the flexible crankshaft and block dynamics with a detailed main bearing elastohydrodynamic analysis. The clearance of all main bearings and the oil viscosity comprise the random variables in the probabilistic analysis. The maximum oil pressure and the percentage of time within each cycle that a bearing operates with oil film thickness below a threshold value of 0.27μm at each main bearing constitute the system performance measures. Probabilistic analyses are first performed to calculate the mean, standard deviation and probability density function of the bearing performance measures. Subsequently, a probabilistic sensitivity analysis is described for identifying the important random variables. Finally, a reliability-based design optimization study is conducted for optimizing the main bearing performance under uncertainty. Results from a V6 engine are presented.
An Average Flow Model of the Reynolds Roughness Including a Mass-Flow Preserving Cavitation Model
Authors: Bayada Guy , Martin Sébastien , Vázquez Carlos 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
An average Reynolds equation for predicting the effects of deterministic periodic roughness, taking Jakobsson, Floberg, and Olsson mass flow preserving cavitation model into account, is introduced based upon the double scale analysis approach. This average Reynolds equation can be used both for a microscopic interasperity cavitation and a macroscopic one. The validity of such a model is verified by numerical experiments both for one-dimensional and two-dimensional roughness patterns.