bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep restriction alters the integration of multiple information sources in probabilistic decision‐making
Authors: Lim Jeryl Y. L. , Boardman Johanna M. , Anderson Clare , Dickinson David L. , Bennett Daniel , Drummond Sean P. A. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThe detrimental effects of sleep loss on overall decision‐making have been well described. Due to the complex nature of decisions, there remains a need for studies to identify specific mechanisms of decision‐making vulnerable to sleep loss. Bayesian perspectives of decision‐making posit judgement formation during decision‐making occurs via a process of integrating knowledge gleaned from past experiences (priors) with new information from current observations (likelihoods). We investigated the effects of sleep loss on the ability to integrate multiple sources of information during decision‐making by reporting results from two experiments: the first implementing both sleep restriction (SR) and total sleep deprivation (TSD) protocols, and the second implementing an SR protocol. In both experiments, participants were administered the Bayes Decisions Task on which optimal performance requires the integration of Bayesian prior and likelihood information. Participants in Experiment 1 showed reduced reliance on both information sources after SR, while no significant change was observed after TSD. Participants in Experiment 2 showed reduced reliance on likelihood after SR, especially during morning testing sessions. No accuracy‐related impairments resulting from SR and TSD were observed in both experiments. Our findings show SR affects decision‐making through altering the way individuals integrate available sources of information. Additionally, the ability to integrate information during SR may be influenced by time of day. Broadly, our findings carry implications for working professionals who are required to make high‐stakes decisions on the job, yet consistently receive insufficient sleep due to work schedule demands.
Expanded View of Ultimate Questions in Public Communication of Science: Qualitative Discourse Analysis of Genetics and Neuroscience
Authors: Nicoli Benedetta 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article argues that studying ultimate questions as “potential mediators” of religious worldviews increases sociological knowledge of religion outside institutional boundaries, as research on secularization indicates. Concurrently, other studies demonstrate that the public communication of science (PCS) influences public orientations toward religion. Integrating these contributions, I deploy a qualitative discourse analysis of 78 genetics and neuroscience PCS monographs to investigate whether and how they raise and discuss ultimate questions together with religious references. The analysis reveals two models for relating science and religion in PCS, conflict and integration, and indicates that the latter prevails. Within the integration model, I conceptualize the “expanded view” of ultimate questions in PCS and discuss in detail its main features, especially its nondualistic approach. Lastly, I discuss the possible social consequences of the expanded view and the contribution of my findings to the sociology of religion and the sociology of religion and science.
Divergent island hybrids mixed waves of ancient gene flow
Authors: Wang Silu 
Published: February 2024

In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Salter et al. (2023) discovered that the Cuban Northern Bobwhite subspecies, Colinus virginianus cubanensis (Gould, 1850), is an ancient hybrid population formed due to historical hybridization potentially brought by waves of historical human migration. This study revealed a complex mixture of gene flow from distinct spatiotemporal origins underlying a seemingly semi‐independent evolutionary trajectory. Hybridization can be more common and complex than we thought.
Vision‐based fatigue crack automatic perception and geometric updating of finite element model for welded joint in steel structures
Authors: Gao Tian , Yuanzhou Zhiyuan , Ji Bohai , Xie Zaipeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDigital twin requires establishing a self‐updated model to simulate the structural damage perceived onsite. Despite the great success in damage identification and quantification, the difficulty in registration still limits the efficiency of model updating. This study presented a framework that enables a finite element (FE) model of welded joints to remesh itself for updating the geometric changes caused by the fatigue crack. Leveraging the linear geometry of the weld, a crack registration algorithm was proposed for the automation of crack perception. First, a dual‐task network was established to identify the crack and weld on the 2D image, where the deep Hough transform was introduced to detect the positioning weld among the irregular structural geometry. With the time‐of‐flight technique, the crack was then reconstructed and quantified in the 3D camera coordinate system. Meanwhile, the 3D structure coordinate system was established from positioning welds. Through simple coordinate transformation, the fatigue crack was automatically registered to the welded joint. Finally, the perception algorithms were integrated with the FE model, taking about 1 min to map the crack into the model. Under laboratory tests, the perception performance was not sensitive to the camera pose. The perceived errors were mainly reflected in the crack local morphology, not leading to improper reconstruction of the structural stiffness matrix.
Ḥall ul‐fuṣūṣ and its Main Tenets: A Reading into Mīr Sayyid ʿAlī Hamadānī's Commentary on Fuṣūṣ ul‐ḥikam
Authors: Chamankhah Leila 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough it is difficult to pinpoint an exact time as to when waḥdat al‐shuhūd (the unity of witnessing) or any other relevant idea originated, a number of scholars ascertain that it was Qāḍī ʿAḍud a‐Dīn Ījī (d. 756 or 760/1355 or 56), the prominent metaphysician, mutakallim, jurist, and the poet of the eighth century1, who should be regarded as the first one who used waḥdat al‐shuhūd. Ījī was also a contemporary of the famous Kubrawī Sufi, ʿAlāʾ u‐Dawla Simnānī (d. 736/1355), who believed in waḥdat al‐shuhūd and might have taken it from Ījī. Mīr Sayyid ʿAlī Hamadānī (d. 786‐87/1385), who brought Islam to Kashmir through Sufism, was an indirect student of Simnānī. He paid special attention to the ʿirfān of Ibn ʿArabī by writing a commentary on the latter's al‐Fuṣūṣ ul‐ḥikam, called Ḥall u‐fuṣūṣ, which played an important role in the further merging of the teachings of al‐Shaykh al‐Akbar into Kubrawī Sufism. However, there exists a number of scholars who believe that Hamadānī's stance was somewhere in between waḥdat al‐wujūd and waḥdat al‐shuhūd.This paper is an attempt to locate Mīr Sayyid ʿAlī Hamadānī in Islamic Sufism by contextualizing him in the intellectual history of Sufism in Kashmir and beyond through focusing on his Ḥall ul‐fuṣūṣ to evaluate how he elaborated on the legacy of al‐Shaykh al‐Akbar. Pertinent to this is the study of the terms wujūd and shuhūd in the teachings of Ibn ʿArabī to understand how Hamadānī understood and used them in his mysticism.
The Responses That Matter
Authors: Köhler Sebastian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe are all familiar with judgements about the persistence of people. Furthermore, we tend to structure certain attitudes and practices around such judgements because we think that personal identity matters for the relevant practical concerns. Response‐dependence views try to accommodate that personal identity matters by letting relevant attitudes and practices determine the personal identity relation for a particular person. This paper argues that genuine response‐dependence views are not well positioned to accommodate the connection between personal identity and what matters. Rather, if we accept such a connection, this supports normative‐facts‐first views, according to which relevant normative facts determine personal identity.
Social rank and compassion: How insecure striving, social safeness and fears of compassion mediate the relationship between masculinity, depression and anxiety
Authors: Kirby James N. , Day Jamin , Gilbert Paul 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTraditional masculinity norms displayed by men attempt to signal a dominance or ‘toughness’ to others; however, traditional masculine norms are associated with a range of mental health difficulties, including depression and anxiety. Based on social rank theory, we tested the mediating role of insecure striving, social safeness and fears of compassion on the relationship between masculinity, anxiety and depression. We also examined whether compassionate goals were negatively correlated with masculine norm adherence.DesignWe used a cross‐sectional survey design recruiting 844 men, aged 18–60 years (M = 34.0, SD = 14.4).ResultsOur results replicated previous findings with masculine norms significantly associated with depression and anxiety. Extending on previous work, we found insecure striving, social safeness and fears of compassion fully mediated these relationships for anxiety and partially for depression. This relationship was strongest for the masculinity subtypes of self‐reliance and emotional control. Compassionate goals were negatively associated with masculine norm adherence.ConclusionsSocial rank theory offers a helpful explanatory framework to understand the links between traditional masculinity and mental health, highlighting the importance of social safeness and insecure striving for men.
Homoeologous exchanges contribute to branch angle variations in rapeseed: Insights from transcriptome, QTL‐seq and gene functional analysis
Authors: Sun Chengming , Wu Jian , Zhou Xiaoying , Fu Sanxiong , Liu Huimin , Xue Zhifei , Wang Xiaodong , Peng Qi , Gao Jianqin , Chen Feng , Zhang Wei , Hu Maolong , Fu Tingdong , Wang Youping , Yi Bin , Zhang Jiefu 
Published: February 2024

SummaryBranch angle (BA) is a critical morphological trait that significantly influences planting density, light interception and ultimately yield in plants. Despite its importance, the regulatory mechanism governing BA in rapeseed remains poorly understood. In this study, we generated 109 transcriptome data sets for 37 rapeseed accessions with divergent BA phenotypes. Relative to adaxial branch segments, abaxial segments accumulated higher levels of auxin and exhibited lower expression of six TCP1 homologues and one GA20ox3. A co‐expression network analysis identified two modules highly correlated with BA. The modules contained homologues to known BA control genes, such as FUL, YUCCA6, TCP1 and SGR3. Notably, a homoeologous exchange (HE), occurring at the telomeres of A09, was prevalent in large BA accessions, while an A02‐C02 HE was common in small BA accessions. In their corresponding regions, these HEs explained the formation of hub gene hotspots in the two modules. QTL‐seq analysis confirmed that the presence of a large A07‐C06 HE (~8.1 Mb) was also associated with a small BA phenotype, and BnaA07.WRKY40.b within it was predicted as candidate gene. Overexpressing BnaA07.WRKY40.b in rapeseed increased BA by up to 20°, while RNAi‐ and CRISPR‐mediated mutants (BnaA07.WRKY40.b and BnaC06.WRKY40.b) exhibited decreased BA by up to 11.4°. BnaA07.WRKY40.b was exclusively localized to the nucleus and exhibited strong expression correlations with many genes related to gravitropism and plant architecture. Taken together, our study highlights the influence of HEs on rapeseed plant architecture and confirms the role of WRKY40 homologues as novel regulators of BA.
Objectionable Commemorations: Ethical and Political Issues
Authors: Lim Chong‐Ming , Lai Ten‐Herng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe term, "objectionable commemorations”, refers to a broad category of public artefacts – such as, and especially, memorials, monuments and statues – that are regarded as morally problematic in virtue of what or whom they honour. In this regard, they are a special class of public artefacts that are subject to public contestation. In this paper, we survey the general ethical and political issues on this topic. First, we categorise the arguments on offer in the literature, concerning the objectionable nature of such commemorations. Second, we review common political responses to objectionable commemorations. Finally, we identify fruitful areas for further philosophical inquiry on this topic.
‘Staying cool, calm and positive’: A dialogical narrative analysis of emotional reactions in narratives about operable lung cancer
Authors: Schoenau Mai Nanna , Missel Malene , Holen Mari 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with lung cancer suffer from physical, psychosocial and particularly emotional challenges. Twenty‐five percent of patients with lung cancer are offered surgery as a potential cure. Nevertheless, 40% of surgically treated patients will experience recurrence. Paradoxically, research shows a dominant narrative of operable lung cancer patients ‘being lucky’, which silences other narratives about suffering, worries and emotional challenges.AimTo explore narratives about operable lung cancer, particularly emotional reactions to illness and suffering in these narratives.MethodsA qualitative design was applied. Six women and four men diagnosed with operable lung cancer were included from one university hospital in Denmark and interviewed 1 month after surgery using active interviews. The interviews were subject to dialogical narrative analysis. The theoretical foundation is social constructivism, with socio‐narratological inspiration.FindingsA typology of three emotional narratives emerged: ‘staying cool’, ‘staying calm’ and ‘staying positive’. All three types of narrative are characterised by managing emotional reactions. Staying cool is characterised by not showing emotional reactions; staying calm narratives acknowledge emotional reactions, but that they need to be managed so that they do not burden relatives; and the last, staying positive, is characterised by managing emotional reactions in a positive direction. Together this typology of three emotional narratives revealed that operable lung cancer patients are under normative pressure from these socially preferred narratives of ideal emotional reactions to lung cancer.ConclusionA typology of three emotional narratives were identified and can be called ‘feeling rules’ that guide patients after lung cancer surgery to manage their emotions. Consequently, if patients do not live up to these three emotional narratives of staying cool, calm and positive, they may be socially isolated and restricted from access to support.
The role of bile acid receptor TGR5 in regulating inflammatory signalling
Authors: Ye Daijiao , He Jiayao , He Xiaofei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTakeda G protein‐coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) is a bile acid receptor, and its role in regulating metabolism after binding with bile acids has been established. Since the immune response depends on metabolism to provide biomolecules and energy to cope with challenging conditions, emerging evidence reveals the regulatory effects of TGR5 on the immune response. An in‐depth understanding of the effect of TGR5 on immune regulation can help us disentangle the interaction of metabolism and immune response, accelerating the development of TGR5 as a therapeutic target. Herein, we reviewed more than 200 articles published in the last 20 years in PubMed, to discuss the roles of TGR5 in regulating inflammatory response, the molecular mechanism, as well as existing problems. Particularly, its anti‐inflammation effect is emphasized.
The effects of low familial support and depressive symptomatology on suicide attempt among adolescents: A sex‐based assessment
Authors: Walker D'Andre , Reisig Michael D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionResearchers have traditionally tested the benefits of social support, showing that it promotes positive health outcomes. There is a lack of research assessing the deleterious impact of poor social support. Low familial support can serve as a stressor in the lives of adolescents, ultimately fostering negative emotions and maladaptive coping, such as attempted suicide.MethodsGuided by general strain theory, this study uses two waves of data from the National Study of Adolescence to Adult Health (N = 13,827; n = 7105 for females, n = 6722 for males) to test the effect of low familial support on depressive symptomatology and whether the latter mediates the effect of low familial support on suicide attempt for both males and females.ResultsThe analyses reveal that low familial support is positively and significantly associated with depressive symptomatology for male and female adolescents. Regarding suicide attempt, adolescents with lower levels of familial support and higher depressive symptomatology were likely to report attempting suicide. Contrary to theoretical expectations, depressive symptomatology did not mediate the relationship between low familial support and suicide attempt.ConclusionsOverall, the results provide justification for efforts to provide resources to adolescents who lack familial support.
Glucose volume of distribution affects insulin sensitivity measured by intravenous glucose tolerance test
Authors: Mora‐Gonzalez Diego , Moreno‐Cabañas Alfonso , Alvarez‐Jimenez Laura , Morales‐Palomo Felix , Ortega Juan Fernando , Mora‐Rodriguez Ricardo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo determine whether glucose volume of distribution (VdGLUCOSE) affects the diagnosis of impaired insulin sensitivity (IS) when using an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT).MethodsIndividuals with distinct levels of IS underwent IVGTT after an overnight fast. The prediabetic group (Prediab; n = 33) differed from the healthy group (Healthy; n = 14) in their larger glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c of 5.9 ± 0.3 vs. 5.4 ± 0.1%; 41 ± 4 vs. 36 ± 1 mmol/mol; p < 0.001), percent body fat (37 ± 6 vs. 24 ± 3%; p < 0.001) and cardiovascular fitness level (VO2MAX 22 ± 5 vs. 44 ± 5 mL of O2·kg−1·min−1; p < 0.001). Ten minutes after intravenous infusion of the glucose bolus (i.e., 35 g in a 30% solution), VdGLUCOSE was assessed from the increases in plasma glucose concentration. IS was calculated during the next 50 min using the slope of glucose disappearance and the insulin time‐response curve.ResultsVdGLUCOSE was higher in Healthy than in Prediab (230 ± 49 vs. 185 ± 21 mL·kg−1; p < 0.001). VdGLUCOSE was a strong predictor of IS (β standardized coefficient 0.362; p = 0.004). VO2MAX was associated with VdGLUCOSE and IS (Pearson r = 0.582 and 0.704, respectively; p < 0.001). However, body fat was inversely associated with VdGLUCOSE and IS (r = −0.548 and −0.555, respectively; p < 0.001).ConclusionsSince fat mass is inversely related to VdGLUCOSE and in turn, VdGLUCOSE affects the calculations of IS, the IV glucose bolus dose should be calculated based on fat‐free mass rather than body weight for a more accurate diagnosis of impaired IS.
Text mining and sentiment analysis: A new lens to explore the emotion dynamics of mother‐child interactions
Authors: Liu Chao , Chen Charis 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEmotions are highly dynamic and social in nature. Traditional approaches to studying emotion expression face obstacles such as substantial time investments, susceptibility to human biases, and limited capacity to capture nuanced emotional patterns. To address these challenges, this research leveraged text mining and sentiment analysis to explore the dynamic patterns of emotion expression within the context of mother‐child interactions. We analyzed 8,841 conversation transcripts involving 1,462 mother‐child dyads, sourced from the Child Language Data Exchange System. Polarity scores were calculated and analyzed to uncover the temporal patterns of mother and child emotional sentiment. Our findings revealed that mothers tended to exhibit heightened levels of positive emotion at the beginning and conclusion of conversations, whereas children displayed a more linear positive trend. Using model‐based cluster analysis, we identified two distinct clusters of mothers characterized by varying degrees of emotion expression variation and two clusters of children showing different rates of elevation in positive emotion. At the dyadic level, the differences between mother and child polarity scores varied as a function of time, with an increase of difference from the beginning to the 20th percentile point, a decrease until the 90th percentile, and then an increase again towards the end of the conversation. This study demonstrates the utility of text mining and sentiment analysis in developmental studies, particularly in the context of parent‐child interactions. The findings hold informative implications for interventions that focus on fostering healthy parent‐child relationships.
High‐resolution strain mapping in a thermionic LaB6 scanning electron microscope
Authors: Poole Benjamin , Marsh Alex , Lunt David , Hardie Chris , Gorley Mike , Hamelin Cory , Harte Allan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe high source stability and brightness of field emission gun equipped scanning electron microscopes (SEM) makes them ideal for high‐resolution digital image correlation (HRDIC). However, their high initial capital cost can be prohibitive for research organisations and groups. Conventional thermionic SEMs using either a tungsten hairpin or LaB6 filament are far more widespread due to their lower cost. Whilst it is understood that overall performance and ultimate resolution are lower than field emission SEMs, we propose that there is no fundamental reason why these instruments are unsuitable for HRDIC. We investigate the use of a LaB6 SEM as a viable tool for HRDIC. We detail the subtleties of performing HRDIC using a LaB6 thermionic source SEM, providing technical recommendations for best practices in using these instruments for strain mapping. The effects of instrument parameters on strain measurement noise are examined, with a focus on parameters of key relevance to in situ and ex situ mechanical testing. Errors in focus and image pixel size are found to be the primary contributors to the strain noise floor values, with stage accuracy being of secondary importance. We present a case study in oxygen‐free high‐conductivity copper, OFHC‐Cu, which is used in the designs of nuclear fusion components as a heat sink interlayer. Heterogeneous strain patterns are observed in this material, with high levels of strain localisation at grain boundaries. Active slip systems are identified using the relative displacement ratio method, demonstrating the quality of these data and the suitability of LaB6 instruments for HRDIC strain mapping, achieving performance approaching that expected of a field emission SEM.