bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of cortical oscillations in spreading cells by depolymerization of microtubules
Authors: Pletjushkina Olga J. , Rajfur Zenon , Pomorski Pawel , Oliver Timothy N. , Vasiliev Juri M. , Jacobson Ken A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractActomyosin‐based cortical contractility is a common feature of eukaryotic cells but the capability to produce rhythmic contractions is found in only a few types such as cardiomyocytes. Mechanisms responsible for the acquisition of this capability remain largely unknown. Rhythmic contractility can be induced in non‐muscle cells by microtubule depolymerization. Spreading epithelial cells and fibroblasts in which microtubules were depolymerized with nocodazole or colcemid underwent rhythmic oscillations of the body that lasted for several hours before the cells acquired a stable, flattened shape. By contrast, control cells spread and flattened into discoid shapes in a smooth and regular manner. Quantitative analysis of the oscillations showed that they have a period of about 50 seconds. The kinase inhibitors, HA 1077 and H7, and the more specific rho‐kinase inhibitor, Y 27632, caused the oscillations to immediately cease and the cells to become flat. Transient increases in cytoplasmic calcium preceded the contractile phase of the oscillations. Wrinkle formation by cells plated on elastic substrata indicated that the contractility of colcemid‐treated cells increased in comparison to controls but was drastically decreased after HA 1077 addition. These data suggest that an intact microtubular system normally prevents pulsations by moderating excessive rho‐mediated actin myosin contractility. Possible mechanistic interactions between rho‐mediated and calcium activated contractile pathways that could produce morphological oscillations are discussed. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 48:235–244, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural and functional effects of hydrostatic pressure on centrosomes from vertebrate cells
Authors: Rousselet A. , Euteneuer U. , Bordes N. , Ruiz T. , Hui Bon Hua G. , Bornens M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn an attempt to better understand the role of centrioles in vertebrate centrosomes, hydrostatic pressure was applied to isolated centrosomes as a means to disassemble centriole microtubules. Treatments of the centrosomes were monitored by analyzing their protein composition, ultrastructure, their ability to nucleate microtubules from pure tubulin, and their capability to induce parthenogenetic development of Xenopus eggs. Moderate hydrostatic pressure (95 MPa) already affected the organization of centriole microtubules in isolated centrosomes, and also impaired microtubule nucleation. At higher pressure, the protein composition of the peri‐centriolar matrix (PCM) was also altered and the capacity to nucleate microtubules severely impaired. Incubation of the treated centrosomes in Xenopus egg extract could restore their capacity to nucleate microtubules after treatment at 95 MPa, but not after higher pressure treatment. However, the centriole structure was in no case restored. It is noteworthy that centrosomes treated with mild pressure did not allow parthenogenetic development after injection into Xenopus eggs, even if they had recovered their capacity to nucleate microtubules. This suggested that, in agreement with previous results, centrosomes in which centriole architecture is impaired, could not direct the biogenesis of new centrioles in Xenopus eggs. Centriole structure could also be affected by applying mild hydrostatic pressure directly to living cells. Comparison of the effect of hydrostatic pressure on cells at the G1/S border or on the corresponding cytoplasts suggests that pro‐centrioles are very sensitive to pressure. However, cells can regrow a centriole after pressure‐induced disassembly. In that case, centrosomes eventually recover an apparently normal duplication cycle although with some delay. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 48:262–276, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of the force and torque produced in the calcium response of reactivated rat sperm flagella
Authors: Moritz Mark J. , Schmitz Kathleen A. , Lindemann Charles B. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractRat sperm that are demembranated with Triton X‐100 and reactivated with Mg‐ATP show a strong mechanical response to the presence of free calcium ion. At pCa < 4, the midpiece region of the flagellum develops a strong and sustained curvature that gives the cell the overall appearance of a fishhook [Lindemann and Goltz, 1988: Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 10:420–431]. In the present study, the force and torque that maintain the calcium‐induced hook have been examined quantitatively. In addition, full‐length and shortened flagella were manipulated to evaluate the plasticity of the hooks and determined the critical length necessary for maintaining the curvature. The hooks were found to be highly resilient, returning to their original configuration (>95%) after being straightened and released. The results from manipulating the shortened flagella suggest that the force holding the hook in the curved configuration is generated in the basal 60 μm of the flagellum. The force required to straighten the calcium‐induced hooks was measured with force‐calibrated glass microprobes, and the bending torque was calculated from the measured force. The force and torque required to straighten the flagellum were found to be proportional to the change in curvature of the hooked region of the flagellum, suggesting an elastic‐like behavior. The average torque to open the hooks to a straight position was 2.6 (±1.4) × 10‐7 dyne × cm (2.6 × 10‐14 N × m) and the apparent stiffness was 4.3 (±1.3) × 10‐10 dyne × cm2 (4.3 × 10‐19 N × m2). The stiffness of the hook was determined to be approximately one quarter the rigor stiffness of a rat sperm flagellum measured under comparable conditions. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 49:33–40, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimation of the average burst size of Φx174 am3, cs70 for use in mutation assays with transgenic mice†
Authors: Delongchamp Robert R. , Valentine Carrie R. , Malling Heinrich V. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn mutation assays using transgenic mice, with recoverable vectors such as ΦX174 am3, cs70, mutations originate from two sources: (1) in vivo mutations, that is, mutations that were fixed in the mouse, or (2) ex vivo mutations, that is, mutations that were fixed during recovery or plating. When a bacteriophage infects a bacterium, it multiplies and bursts the cell, releasing a number of phages referred to as the burst size. Our method for distinguishing between in vivo mutations and ex vivo mutations estimates the average number of bursts, the denominator of in vivo mutant frequencies, by dividing the total plaque‐forming units (PFU) by the average number of phages in a burst. Herein, we outline a probability model relating observed plaque counts to the burst size and present the statistical method used to estimate the burst size. The average size of a single burst from nonrevertant phages was estimated in eight studies under the conditions of our mutation assay. The average burst size was stable across studies at 182.5 plaques per burst (standard error, 14.25). The probability that a burst is a specific size was approximated by a negative binomial distribution, which implies a Poisson–Pascal distribution for the observed plaque counts. The observed plaque counts were adequately fit by this approximation. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 37:356–360, 2001 Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Strain‐dependent susceptibility to MPTP and MPP+‐induced Parkinsonism is determined by glia
Authors: Smeyne Michelle , Goloubeva Olga , Smeyne Richard J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurological disorder that strikes approximately 2% of people over age 50. Current hypotheses propose that the cause of PD is multifactorial, involving environmental agents and genetic predisposition. 1‐Methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induces parkinsonism in many species, including humans and shows strain specificity in mice. The mechanism of strain specificity, however, remains unknown. Using novel chimeric murine substantia nigra cultures, we demonstrate that sensitivity to MPTP is conferred by glia and that it does not involve the MAO‐B conversion of MPTP to MPP+. C57Bl/6J dopaminergic neurons exposed to MPP+ demonstrated a 39% loss when cultured on C57Bl/6J glia compared with 17% neuron loss when cultured on resistant SWR/J glia. Similarly, SWR/J neurons exposed to MPP+ demonstrated a 4% loss when cultured on SWR/J glia, but a 14% loss when cultured on sensitive C57Bl/6J glia. The identification of glia as the critical cell type in the genesis of experimental Parkinsonism provides a target for the development of new anti‐parkinsonian therapies. GLIA 34:73–80, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A 4D approach to the analysis of functional brain images: Application to FMRI data
Authors: Ledberg Anders , Fransson Peter , Larsson Jonas , Petersson Karl Magnus 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis paper presents a new approach to functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) data analysis. The main difference lies in the view of what comprises an observation. Here we treat the data from one scanning session (comprising t volumes, say) as one observation. This is contrary to the conventional way of looking at the data where each session is treated as t different observations. Thus instead of viewing the v voxels comprising the 3D volume of the brain as the variables, we suggest the usage of the vt hypervoxels comprising the 4D volume of the brain‐over‐session as the variables. A linear model is fitted to the 4D volumes originating from different sessions. Parameter estimation and hypothesis testing in this model can be performed with standard techniques. The hypothesis testing generates 4D statistical images (SIs) to which any relevant test statistic can be applied. In this paper we describe two test statistics, one voxel based and one cluster based, that can be used to test a range of hypotheses. There are several benefits in treating the data from each session as one observation, two of which are: (i) the temporal characteristics of the signal can be investigated without an explicit model for the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast response function, and (ii) the observations (sessions) can be assumed to be independent and hence inference on the 4D SI can be made by nonparametric or Monte Carlo methods. The suggested 4D approach is applied to FMRI data and is shown to accurately detect the expected signal. Hum. Brain Mapping 13:185–198, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shopping for E‐Learning
Authors: Hannas Craig 
Published: October 2004

AbstractCorporate training for employees and executives is vital in today's quickly changing market. However, it
can be very expensive. But a new solution is revolutionizing corporate training and slashing costs: online
training, or e‐learning. The author explains how it works and gives advice on how to shop for an
e‐learning provider. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Expanding ERP Application Software: Buy, Lease, Outsource, or Write Your Own?
Authors: Harrell Horace W. , Higgins Leslee , Ludwig Stephen E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractEnterprise resource planning (ERP) software is very popular. But it can be complex and expensive.
Some companies develop their own, in‐house. Others buy, lease, or outsource custom‐designed
solutions. Which choice is right for your company? © 2001 John Wiley & Sons,
Inc.
“Thin Client” Technology: Should You Bet Your Company's Future on It?
Authors: Harrast Steven A. , Bean LuAnn 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAs e‐business is forcing radical change on business data centers, proponents of “thin
client” computing are touting its benefits. They claim it can solve a wide range of technical and
logistical problems. But, the authors say that it also helps top management with strategic
decisions,value‐added customer service, data security, and more. © 2001 John Wiley &
Sons, Inc.
Earnings per Share: A Review of the New Accounting Standard
Authors: Slavin Nathan , Yun J.K. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor the past three years, corporations have been reporting earnings per share under the new accounting rule,
SFAS 128. What are the differences between the new and the old standard? And which industries are most
affected by the potential dilution of earnings for a firm? © 2001 John Wiley & Sons,
Inc.
A Guide to Global Transfer Pricing Strategy
Authors: Feinschreiber Robert , Kent Margaret 
Published: October 2004

AbstractGlobal transfer pricing strategy involves an analytical approach that lets a business control its income tax cost
on a worldwide basis. However, global transfer pricing is a complex topic. The author unravels these mysteries and
guides the reader in negotiating the many twists and turns. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons,
Inc.
PwC's Opacity Index: A Powerful New Tool for Global Investors
Authors: Lipsey Roger 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe PricewaterhouseCoopers Opacity Index has created a stir among global investors. For the first time, you
can rate how “transparent” a country's economy is—how easy it will be for a business
venture to succeed, and what each country's problem areas are. The author explains the details of this
powerful new tool, and how to use it. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Trading with Canada: Are Financial Statements the Same?
Authors: Reinstein Alan , Weirich Thomas R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAs a safe first step into global markets, many U.S. firms want to do business with Canadian companies. But
evaluating a Canadian company may require some care. While the two countries are similar, there can be
differences in corporate financial statements, caution the authors. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons,
Inc.
Your Audit Committee: How to Cope with the End of the “Rubber Stamp” Era
Authors: Woodlock Peter , Claypool Gregory 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAudit committee members at publicly traded firms now have to put their personal seal of approval on annual report financial statements. And this disclosure will appear over the printed name of each committee member. So don't expect your committee to “rubber stamp” top management's figures any more. They may even argue with you. But the way out is to give them confidence that your figures are indeed correct, improving committee oversight. The authors of this article supply a useful series of checklists that will help do that. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Assurance Services Are a Growth Area
Authors: Hussein Mohamed E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBuckless, Frank A., Mark S. Beasley, Steven M. Glover, and Douglas F. Prawitt. 2000.
Auditing Cases (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice‐Hall); Solomon, Ira, and Mark E. Peecher. 2000.
Assurance Services: An Introduction and Applications, 2nd ed. (Cincinnati, OH: South‐Western College Publishing).
Better product quality: When is it worth the added costs?
Authors: Fink Ross L. , Weinzimmer Laurence G. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDoing a cost/benefit analysis? Then you know that it's tough to estimate the value of improvements in product quality. When can you justify the added costs of better processes or materials? The authors have an answer: Use a value function to estimate the value of the improvement. And they show you how to do it. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using the internet for financial reporting
Authors: Hurtt David N. , Kreuze Jerry G. , Langsam Sheldon A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWhy are companies using the Internet to distribute financial reports? What kinds of information are they reporting, compared to traditional paper financial statements? How are they doing it? And, finally, what problems and legal obstacles must companies handle? © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Constructions for rotational near resolvable block designs
Authors: Abel R. Julian R. , Buratti Marco , Greig Malcolm , Miao Ying 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA (ν, k, k−1) near resolvable block design (NRBD) is r‐rotational over a group G if it admits G as an automorphism group of order (ν−1)/r fixing exactly one point and acting semiregularly on the others. We give direct and recursive constructions for rotational NRBDs with particular attention to 1‐rotational ones. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Combin Designs 9: 157–181, 2001
Modular sequences and modular Hadamard matrices
Authors: Eliahou Shalom , Kervaire Michel 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor every n divisible by 4, we construct a square matrix H of size n, with coefficients ± 1, such that H · Ht ≡ nI mod 32. This solves the 32‐modular version of the classical Hadamard conjecture. We also determine the set of lengths of 16‐modular Golay sequences. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Combin Designs 9: 187–214, 2001
Balanced incomplete block designs with block size 8
Authors: Abel R. Julian R. , Bluskov Iliya , Greig Malcolm 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe necessary conditions for the existence of a balanced incomplete block design on υ ≥ k points, with index λ and block size k, are that:

For k = 8, these conditions are known to be sufficient when λ = 1, with 38 possible exceptions, the largest of which is υ = 3,753. For these 38 values of υ, we show (υ, 8, λ ) BIBDs exist whenever λ > 1 for all but five possible values of υ, the largest of which is υ = 1,177, and these five υ's are the only values for which more than one value of λ is open. For λ>1, we show the necessary conditions are sufficient with the definite exception of two further values of υ, and the possible exception of 7 further values of υ, the largest of which is υ=589. In particular, we show the necessary conditions are sufficient for all λ> 5 and for λ = 4 when υ ≠ 22. We also look at (8, λ) GDDs of type 7m. Our grouplet divisible design construction is also refined, and we construct and exploit α ‐ frames in constructing several other BIBDs. In addition, we give a PBD basis result for {n: n  ≡  0, 1; mod 8, n ≥ 8}, and construct a few new TDs with index > 1. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Combin Designs 9: 233–268, 2001
Existence of (3, 1, 2)‐conjugate orthogonal diagonal latin squares
Authors: Bennett Frank E. , Du Beiliang , Zhang Hantao 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe shall refer to a diagonal Latin square which is orthogonal to its (3,1,2)‐conjugate, and the latter is also a diagonal Latin square, as a (3,1, 2)‐conjugate orthogonal diagonal Latin square, briefly CODLS. This article investigates the spectrum of CODLS and it is found that it contains all positive integers υ except 2, 3, 6, and possibly 10. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Combin Designs 9: 297–308, 2001
Protein kinase C and mitogen‐activated protein kinase signalling in oligodendrocytes
Authors: Stariha Rochelle L. , Kim Seung U. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractOligodendrocytes (OL) play a significant physiological role in the central nervous system by creating the myelin sheath that allows for the efficient conduction of nerve impulses. Therefore, it is important to understand which signalling cascades define the proliferation, differentiation, survival, and myelin formation potential of these cells. Currently, much of the knowledge in this field has focused on two sets of protein kinase signalling molecules: Protein kinase C (PKC) and the mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The roles of these kinases in OL are complex, and appear to be highly dependent on the developmental stage of the OL. Even so, some broad conclusions can be drawn from the multitude of experiments conducted on the roles of PKC and MAPKs in OL. For instance, PKC appears to have a proliferative effect on immature OL, while at the same time having an inhibitory effect on OL differentiation. In mature OL, the effects of PKC include increased process extension and myelin formation. The extracellular signal‐regulated (ERK) members of the MAPK family also appear to increase process extensions in mature OL. On the other hand, the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 kinase members of the MAPK family appear to regulate apoptotic events in OL. Microsc. Res. Tech. 52:680–688, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Axonal degeneration is an early pathological feature in autoimmune‐mediated demyelination in mice
Authors: Onuki Manabu , Ayers Margaret M. , Bernard Claude C.A. , Orian Jacqueline M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), characterised by focal destruction of myelin. Although it is evident that the immune system contributes to tissue destruction in MS, it is still unclear as to whether this immune response is a cause or a consequence of the disease process. In addition, there is debate over the contribution of axonal damage to clinical progression. We have described a murine model of relapsing‐remitting MS (RR‐MS), the most common form of the disease, following immunisation with the myelin component, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). We showed that a single injection of a MOG peptide (MOG35–55) in NOD/Lt mice induces a paralytic relapsing disease with extensive plaque‐like demyelination. This model also mimics many of the immunological features associated with RR‐MS. To investigate the relationship between clinical episodes, inflammation, and demyelination/remyelination, we analysed lesions during each attack and remission over the course of the disease, using histological, immunocytochemical, and electron microscopy (EM) techniques. We show that morphological features of lesions in our model resemble those observed in MS. Indeed, severe inflammation and demyelination coincide with the peak of clinical episodes while remissions are characterised by quiescent plaques. Furthermore, axonal damage is evident from the earliest stage of the disease and increases in severity with subsequent relapses. These data establish that in the model of MS‐like disease, the peak of clinical episodes coincides with severe inflammation and demyelination and that axonal pathology correlates with clinical progression. Microsc. Res. Tech. 52:731–739, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temperature quantification using the proton frequency shift technique: In vitro and in vivo validation in an open 0.5 tesla interventional MR scanner during RF ablation
Authors: Botnar René M. , Steiner Paul , Dubno Benjamin , Erhart Peter , von Schulthess Gustav K. , Debatin Jörg F. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractOpen magnetic resonance (MR) scanners allow MR‐guided targeting of tumors, as well as temperature monitoring of radio frequency (RF) ablation. The proton frequency shift (PFS) technique, an accurate and fast imaging method for temperature quantification, was used to synthesize thermal maps after RF ablation in an open 0.5 T MR system under ex vivo and in vivo conditions. Calibration experiments with 1.5% agarose gel yielded a chemical shift factor of 0.011 ± 0.001 ppm/°C (r2 = 0.96). Three gradient echo (GRE) pulse sequences were tested for thermal mapping by comparison with fiberoptic thermometer (Luxtron Model 760) readings. Temperature uncertainty decreased from high to low bandwidths (BW): ±5.9°C at BW = 15.6 kHz, ±1.4°C at BW = 3.9 kHz, and ±0.8°C at BW = 2.5 kHz. In vitro experiments (N = 9) in the paraspinal muscle yielded a chemical shift factor of 0.008 ± 0.001 ppm/°C. Temperature uncertainty was determined as ±2.7°C (BW = 3.9 kHz, TE = 19.3 msec). The same experiments carried out in the paraspinal muscle (N = 9) of a fully anesthetized pig resulted in a temperature uncertainty of ±4.3°C (BW = 3.9 kHz, TE = 19.3 msec), which is higher than it is in vitro conditions (P < 0.15). Quantitative temperature monitoring of RF ablation is feasible in a 0.5 T open‐configured MR scanner under ex vivo and in vivo conditions using the PFS technique. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:437–444. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.