bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing And Interpreting The World In The Cerebral Hemispheres
Authors: Corballis Paul M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My first encounter with Julian Hochberg was in the fall of 1991. I was a newly minted graduate student at Columbia University and had been assigned to be a teaching assistant for Hochberg’s undergraduate perception class. I had arrived in New York a few days beforehand and wasn’t at all sure what to expect from my new situation—a new city, a new course of study, and a new teaching assignment. If Hochberg’s credentials and reputation as one of the giants in the field made me somewhat apprehensive, his office had me downright intimidated. It conformed exactly to my stereotype of an Ivy League professor’s office (or perhaps it subsequently came to define that stereotype for me—memory can be tricky). It was a large office—two stories tall—with overstuffed bookshelves straining under their load and every flat surface piled high with yet more books and papers. Assorted pieces of equipment from long-completed experiments or demonstrations were scattered haphazardly between the piles. It was at once a perception enthusiast’s gold mine and a sure sign that I would have my work cut out for me keeping on top of things in the upcoming semester.
Beyond the Body Schema:Visua’1 Prosthetic, and Technological Contributions to Bodily Perception and Awareness
Authors: Holmes Nicholas P , Spence Charles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The concept of the body schema has enjoyed a long and colorful career in the fields of psychology, neuroscience, neuropsychology, and philosophy (Miles, 1957). The inauguration of this concept is often traced back to Head and Holmes (1911-1912), who described both a postural schema, underlying our awareness of the position of our body and its parts, particularly the limbs, and a superficial or surface schema, underlying our capacity to localize stimuli on the skin. However, by the time Head and Holmes described these two schemata, other very similar concepts were already in their third decade of existence. Surveying the ancestry of this family of concepts, Oldfield and Zangwill (1942) traced their source to ‘Munk’s writings of 1890. Fifteen years later, Bonnier (1905) argued that his work of 1893 had been the first to express the concept of an organized spatial representation, or “spatial sense,” of the body with respect to the world. Despite his insistence, however, most researchers still prefer to cite Head and Holmes (1911-1912) as the discoverers of the body schema.
Body-Based Views of the World:An Introduction to Body Representations
Authors: Shiffrar Maggie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The goal of this section is to introduce research findings and conclusions regarding the interface between the perception of one’s own body and the perception of other people’s bodies. The unifying concept that makes this interface possible is the body schema. Although body representations are discussed thoroughly in the chapters that follow, we can begin with a general definition of the body schema as an internal, multimodal representation of the relative locations of an individual’s own body parts. As the following chapters make clear, there is no single body representation. Instead, individuals have multiple body representations that serve different systems and goals (see chapters 8 and 11).
Of Bodies, Brains, and Models:Studying the Perception of Biological Motion
Authors: Thornton Ian M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the title of this volume suggests, the human body is a unique object. It is unique in the sense that related processing can make use of both internal and external sources of information. We each possess a body; we feel it, see it, and control it. We are also frequently in close proximity to other bodies, observing, imitating, interacting with, and predicting their movements. Much of the work reported in this book is concerned with understanding the precise relationship between these two sources of information.
Reduction of Time-Dependent Complexity through the Use of Functional Periodicity
Authors: Suh Nam P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Time-dependent complexity plays an important role in engineered systems as well as in natural systems. In some cases, a system that initially behaves as a system with time­ independent complexity degenerates into a system with time-dependent combinatorial complexity. Many systems fail when they are dominated by time-dependent combinatorial complexity. In such a system, the system range drifts away from the design range over its life cycle.
Reduction of Complexity in Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Suh Nam P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Complexity is defined as the measure of uncertainty in achieving the FRs of a system due to poor design or to the lack of understanding and knowledge about the system. If the FRs can be satisfied at all times within the design range, the system is not complex according to this definition, although it may have many physical parts and must satisfy many functions. If the design range is small and if the system range cannot be inside the design range, the uncertainty associated with achieving the FRs will be large and therefore the task of achieving the FRs is complex.
Introduction to Design of Composite Materials
Authors: Lee Dai Gil , Suh Nam Pyo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The idea that materials can be designed to satisfy specific performance requirements is relatively new (Suh, 1990; Olson, 2000; Suh, 2001). The old paradigm1 for materials development was similar to the way a chef cooks. He uses his imagination to mix various ingredients, tastes the resulting food, and then modifies it until it appeals to his taste. Similarly, materials were first produced by adding various alloying elements to a pool of molten materials based on phase diagrams, which were then cast and cooled at varying solidification rates to obtain desired microstructures. The material was then hot- and cold-worked to refine the microstructure. It was then tested to determine its properties. After the properties were determined, it was made available to customers whose needs matched the properties of the material. With the accumulation of materials data and advances in materials science and engineering, the process of developing new materials has become more sophisticated. However, the old paradigm of repetitive trial and error that has coupled the material properties is still used in the field of materials development. As a result, it takes a long time— more than a decade—to develop new materials and have them adopted by industry. It is a difficult area for new venture firms to survive and prosper in.
Solving Ethical Problems:Analyzing Ethics Cases and Justifying Decisions
Authors: DuBois James M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Professional ethics is an applied field. It is not primarily about theory and rote knowledge, but about shaping our character and fostering good ethical decisions using appropriate processes. This chapter attempts to provide a bridge from ethical theory to ethical praxis. In what follows, we will examine how people can go about making good ethical decisions when faced with difficult choices in the conduct of research.
Change in Continuity in the Geography of Women State Legislators
Authors: Norrander Barbara , Wilcox Clyde 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the context of women’s legislative underrepresentation, Barbara Norrander and Clyde Wilcox explore the significant variation in their presence in state legislatures. The authors’ interest in this topic flows from evidence that, once in office, women tend to perform lawmaking work differently from men, interact more with constituents, and provide increased attention to key constituencies. On all three of these measures, female legislators are more likely than men to place priority on women constituents and women’s issues. Hence, in states with higher levels of female representation, the amount and type of representation is likely to be different compared to states with fewer women. As Norrander and Wilcox show, southern states have had the fewest female lawmakers and northeastern states have had the most. These trends appear to be related to the number of women with high levels of education and occupational prestige and the proportion of women in the labor force. Norrander and Wilcox close with the prediction that women’s presence in state legislatures is likely to increase as women make progress in the workforce.
Prospects for Cracking the Political Glass Ceiling: The Future of Women Officeholders in the Twenty-first Century
Authors: Schroedel Jean Reith , Godwin Marcia L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the final chapter of this book, Jean Reith Schroedel and Marcia L. Godwin revisit basic issues of women’s underrepresentation. They focus on the “plateau effect” that appears across the world—illustrated in the U.S. case by the halt or, in some cases, reversal of women’s incremental gains since the late 1960s. Along with exploring conventional explanations for this stagnation, these authors offer one unconventional explanation: the shift in religious adherence away from liberal Protestant sects toward more socially conservative ones. This shift, they argue, has fueled a socially conservative backlash against women’s continued entry into traditionally male realms. Apart from the reasons for women’s persistent underrepresentation, and either momentary or longer-lasting stagnation, Schroedel and Godwin call for proactive efforts by political parties, interest groups, educational institutions, and the media to promote further emergence of women candidates and officeholders. Because women politicians make a difference, these are important goals to pursue.
A Field Guide to the Tiger Beetles of the United States and Canada
Authors: Pearson David L , Knisley C Barry , Kazilek Charles J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This color illustrated field and natural history guide treats all 107 known tiger beetle species found in North America above the Mexican border. Tiger beetles are among the most widely found and popular families of insects worldwide. Enabling amateur naturalists and professionals to use two identification methods--comparison of colored pictures to live or mounted specimens, and use of illustrated dichotomous keys--full biological accounts emphasize points for identification, behaviors, and habitats. Distribution maps show where various species and subspecies can be found. The authors promote a new and exciting activity of insect watching as an alternative or supplement to collecting (the general feeling among "butterfliers" and dragonfly and damselfly enthusiasts). Communicating primarily through the un-refereed journal Cincindela, (Tiger Beetler) specialists themselves prefer the term, "cicindelophiles." They represent an ardent sublet of the growing number of serious amateur naturalists who invest in outdoor activities seeking and identifying birds, butterflies, dragonflies, flowering plants, and various other forms of life.
Illustrated Keys to Adult Genera and Species
Authors: Pearson David L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The extensive series of color plates in this field guide includes species, sub-species, and additional variations of the U.S. and Canadian tiger beetles and should enable both amateur and specialist to identify nearly all of the tiger beetles they find, especially when combined with the range maps and descriptive information in the species accounts. However, some species are very similar in color and marking patterns, and in these cases, the use of a taxonomic key which includes more detailed diagnostic characters may be needed. The keys that we use here are based on those developed by Harold Willis and Gary Dunn, but we incorporate some reorganization and modifications that should make it easier to distinguish among the species. We also substitute less technical terminology to make the key more user friendly for the nonspecialist. The diagnostic characters are described below and illustrated by line drawings throughout the key. In several cases, we also rely on diagnostic geographic distribution to separate otherwise similar species. Be aware, however, that a few species, especially those within the same couplet, may be especially difficult to separate because of the considerable amount of individual variation and overlap in elytral maculations and other characters.
The Guildford Four: “You Did it, So Why Not Confess?”
Authors: Ewing Charles Patrick , McCann Joseph T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most controversial issues raised in the wake of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, was whether terrorists should ever be tortured to obtain information about future attacks. The “ticking time bomb scenario” is characterized as a hypothetical problem involving a terrorist possessing direct knowledge about the location and detonation time of a bomb that could kill thousands of individuals. This ethical and moral problem is often used in discussions about how to deal with terrorism. The “ticking time bomb” question is meant to challenge people to think how far measures should go in order to save innocent lives.1 Scholars continue to debate the moral, ethical, and legal implications of difficult problems that we now face in our efforts to defeat terrorism.
Cameron Hooker: Judging the Experts?
Authors: Ewing Charles Patrick , McCann Joseph T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The abduction of fifteen-year-old Elizabeth Smart from her Utah home on June 5, 2002, gained national attention primarily because the crime occurred while she was at home with her sister and parents.1 Nearly nine months after her abduction, Elizabeth Smart was found alive in March 2003 and reunited with her family. Her kidnappers were identified, but the joy and relief over her safe return soon gave way to questions about her ordeal.2 The details of her captivity were puzzling because her captors had moved her around the country and even took her out in public. How could they maintain control over her while help was so near? The answer to this perplexing question can be found, in part, in an extraordinary and horrific case of abduction, mind control, and coercion that occurred years earlier.
Woody Allen and Mia Farrow a Swing of King Solomon’S Sword
Authors: Ewing Charles Patrick , McCann Joseph T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The story of King Solomon tells of two women who each argued that she was the rightful mother of a child. The dispute was brought before the wise king, who was asked to determine which woman should have the child. Presented with equally compelling arguments from both sides, King Solomon drew his sword and declared that he would cut the child in two and give half to each woman. One woman quickly demanded that the king give the child to the other woman, for she was indeed the child’s mother. King Solomon then gave the child to the woman who had stopped him from cutting the boy in two. After all, only the true mother would be willing to give up her child so that he could live.
Factorial Structure
Authors: Weiss David J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One-way ANOVA is a fine little technique, to be sure, but it’s really just a generalization of the t test to more than two groups. What makes the analysis of variance framework so powerful is the way it extends to combinations of experimental treatments. We now consider experiments in which there are multiple independent variables. The additional information generated by combined treatments allows the examination of forces acting in concert. In the real world, behavior is influenced by many stimuli that operate simultaneously. In the laboratory, the researcher attempts to eliminate the effect of almost all of these possible forces, and at the same time to control the presentation of a small number of designated stimuli. The factorial design is the researcher’s plan for combining stimulus elements.
Transitions
Authors: Weissman Myrna M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Depression ;mociated with transitions occurs when a person bas difficulty coping with a change in their life. The change may be obvious, as in the case of divorce and/or becoming a single person, or it may be more subtle, like the loss of freedom following the birth of a child and becoming a parent. Retirement or changes in one’s social or work role (especially changes that bring diminished social status) are also often difficult. Moving, changing jobs, leaving home, a change in one’s economic status, a change in the family due to illness, e.g., taking on new responsibilities due to the ill health of a spouse or parent, are other examples of life changes or transitions.
Interpersonal Deficits; Lonelineu and Social Isolation
Authors: Weissman Myrna M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Interpersonal deficits, meaning lonellnes.1, or social isolation, may be chosen as the focus of treatment if rintly, you have a history of problems bending or sustaining fulfilling interpersonal relationships, and secondly, you described pervasive feelings of lonellneu and social isolation not specifically related to some recent transition. Included are persons who have problems establishing or sustaining intimate relationships, or who have experienced severe disruption of important relationships as children. There are three groups of persons who have problems of this type:
The Fourth Trip to Eismitte, September 1930
Authors: McCoy Roger M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the middle of September, the season favorable for provisioning Eismitte was nearly over. Three trips by dogsled had delivered only part of the support needed for two men to spend the winter in the middle of Greenland. The third sled party had just returned. Wegener had not yet seen the note from Georgi saying they would abandon Eismitte and return by hand-pulled sleds if the fourth party had not arrived with more supplies by October 20. Nor did he know that the motor sleds had failed to reach Eismitte and lay abandoned a few miles from West Station. (Table 7.1 shows the dates of the trips made to and from Eismitte.)
A Japan That Can—and Will—Do More
Authors: Menon Rajan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If the fate of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is uncertain despite efforts to reshape it for the post—cold war era, this is also true of Japan’s military pact with the United States, albeit to a lesser degree. Europeans are comfortable debating what strategies are appropriate in a new world where their dependence on the United States has diminished. Not so the Japanese, who are reticent to contemplate that prospect and seem to believe that by not discussing it, they will keep it at bay. Small wonder, for the American alliance has been the bedrock of their foreign and national security policy and a precondition for their economic triumphs. The alliance has also enabled Japan to play an extensive political and economic role in East Asia because, by containing Japan in the course of protecting it, the United States allays fears in the region—especially in China and Korea—that an activist Japan could metamorphose into an assertive one.
Korea: Coming of Age
Authors: Menon Rajan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The alliance between the United States and South Korea (or the Republic of Korea, its official designation) served each government’s interests well during the cold war and mirrored America’s alliances with Europe and Japan in this respect. The 1954 Mutual Defense Treaty prevented attacks against South Korea and provided it with security.1 By creating a favorable environment for South Korea’s spectacular economic transformation over the past fifty years, America also contributed to its prosperity. And despite Washington’s embrace of repressive South Korean regimes, stability and prosperity eased the eventual passage from authoritarianism to democracy.
The Development of Subjective Group Dynamics
Authors: Abrams Dominic , Rutland Adam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The literature on social inclusion and exclusion indicates that social inclusion and exclusion phenomena occur on multiple levels (see Abrams, Hogg, & Marques, 2005). At the societal level entire cultural or ethnic groups may be accorded or denied opportunities or resources because of their geographical, economic, or political position. At the institutional level, employment policies and other practices operate selective criteria that include some groups and individuals but create barriers to others. At the intergroup level competition and conflict may occur, which means that some groups dominate others and deny resources or recognition to out-group members but accord special treatment to in-group members. At an interindividual level people may target particular individuals for criticism, vilification, or abuse, perhaps because of some stigma. Others may be lauded as icons for their special qualities or achievements. At the intraindividual level people may be included or excluded from the self concept, and this will have implications for our automatic associations and responses to that person.
Children Who Refuse School to Avoid Social and Performance Situations
Authors: Kearney Christopher A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Raven is a r3-year-old girl who has problems attending school because she is nervous in different social and performance situations at school. Raven has skipped several classes already this year and has three full-day absences. She says she is shy, feels uncomfortable talking to other kids at school, and does not like speaking before others or going to gym class. In particular, she has been skipping classes where she has to take tests or give oral presentations, and her teachers complain that Raven will not answer questions in class. This chapter will be more helpful to you if your child matches Raven’s situation or if one or both of the following is true: Your child is having trouble going to school or classes because of dis­ tress about social or performance situations at school. Your child is missing certain classes such as gym, choir, band, reading, English, or other courses where performing before others is expected. This chapter will be less helpful to you if one or both of the following is true: Your child is not distressed about school. Your child is refusing school only for attention (see chapter 5). Your child is refusing school only to do more fun activities outside of school (see chapter 6).