bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity and health-related quality of life in older adults: depression as a mediator
Authors: Li Xiuxiu , Wang Pengfei , Jiang Yihua , Yang Yinghua , Wang Feng , Yan Fei , Li Ming , Peng Wenjia , Wang Ying 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Physical activity(PA) is associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among older adults, and both are associated with mood, such as depression. However, the indirect effects of PA on HRQoL in older adults have not been clearly established. This study explained how different types and intensities of PA were associated with HRQoL while considering the effects of depression in older adults.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 7,518 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and older. PA (leisure-time, household, and work-related), depression, and HRQoL were measured using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30), and the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), respectively. Information on age, gender, education, monthly income, activities of daily living, smoking, and alcohol drinking was also collected. Regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between PA, depression and HRQoL, and a mediation effect test process was used to verify the mediating mechanism of the depression on this relationship.

Results
The study showed that after adjusting for a set of covariates, SF-36 Physical Component Summary (PCS) scores were negatively associated with depression (B = -2.046, 95% CI [2.584, -1.509]) and positively with PA (p < 0.001). Similarly, SF-36 Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores were negatively associated with depression (B = -11.657, 95% CI [-12.190, -11.124]). In mediation analyses, we found that depression partially mediated the relationship between different types and intensities PA and PCS (moderate leisure-time PA: B = 0.223, 95%CI [0.153,0.293], P < 0.001; vigorous leisure-time PA: B = 0.323, 95%CI [0.232,0.413], P < 0.001; moderate household PA: B = 0.092, 95%CI [0.045,0.139], P < 0.001; vigorous household PA: B = 0.137, 95%CI [0.085,0.190], P < 0.001; work-related PA: B = 0.193, 95%CI [0.658,0.190], P < 0.001) and MCS (moderate leisure-time PA: B = 1.243, 95%CI [1.008,1.479], P < 0.001; vigorous leisure-time PA: B = 1.800, 95%CI [1.585,2.015], P < 0.001; moderate household PA: B = 0.496, 95%CI [0.274,0.718], P < 0.001; vigorous household PA: B = 0.742, 95%CI [0.521,0.963], P < 0.001; work-related PA: B = 1.026, 95%CI [0.819,1.234], P < 0.001).

Conclusions
This study suggested that leisure-time, household, and work-related PA were negatively associated with depression, while positively affecting HRQoL in Chinese older adults. The relationships between different types and intensities of PA and HRQoL were mediated by depression. Interventions aimed at promoting purposeful exercise and different types of PA may have mental health benefits. It is recommended that geriatric health managers and healthcare planners prioritize interventions to help improve PA intensities, alleviate depressive symptoms to promote beneficial effects on HRQoL in older adults.
Comorbid health conditions and their impact on social isolation, loneliness, quality of life, and well-being in people with dementia: longitudinal findings from the IDEAL programme
Authors: Sabatini Serena , Martyr Anthony , Hunt Anna , Gamble Laura D. , Matthews Fiona E. , Thom Jeanette M. , Jones Roy W. , Allan Louise , Knapp Martin , Victor Christina , Pentecost Claire , Rusted Jennifer M. , Morris Robin G. , Clare Linda 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Most people with dementia have multiple health conditions. This study explores (1) number and type of health condition(s) in people with dementia overall and in relation to age, sex, dementia type, and cognition; (2) change in number of health conditions over two years; and (3) whether over time the number of health conditions at baseline is related to social isolation, loneliness, quality of life, and/or well-being.

Methods
Longitudinal data from the IDEAL (Improving the experience of Dementia and Enhancing Active Life) cohort were used. Participants comprised people with dementia (n = 1490) living in the community (at baseline) in Great Britain. Health conditions using the Charlson Comorbidity Index, cognition, social isolation, loneliness, quality of life, and well-being were assessed over two years. Mixed effects modelling was used.

Results
On average participants had 1.8 health conditions at baseline, excluding dementia; increasing to 2.5 conditions over two years. Those with vascular dementia or mixed (Alzheimer’s and vascular) dementia had more health conditions than those with Alzheimer’s disease. People aged ≥ 80 had more health conditions than those aged < 65 years. At baseline having more health conditions was associated with increased loneliness, poorer quality of life, and poorer well-being, but was either minimally or not associated with cognition, sex, and social isolation. Number of health conditions had either minimal or no influence on these variables over time.

Conclusions
People with dementia in IDEAL generally had multiple health conditions and those with more health conditions were lonelier, had poorer quality of life, and poorer well-being.
Scalp myiasis associated with soft tissue sarcoma lesion: a case report and review of relevant literature
Authors: Azarmi Sahar , Akbarzadeh Kamran , Ekrami Ali , Sheikh Zahra , Dehghan Omid 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Sarcophagidae is one of the main fly families that is attracted to open wounds, ulcers, lesions, and other injuries for depositing their larvae. The presence of larvae of flies in human tissues makes myiasis. Myiasis on the scalp could be more frightening in comparison with myiasis on the other parts of the body. It is a rare myiasis case that shows the ability of myiasis agents to attack various parts of the body. On the other hand, reporting of myiasis cases by Sarcophagidae larvae is not common due to difficulties in their identification. This study aimed to emphasize the importance of Sarcohagidae larvae in producing myiasis by describing the first case of soft tissue sarcoma infestation and provides a review of human myiasis by larvae of the Sarcophagidae family during 2010–2023 and also a review of wound myiasis cases associated with malignancy during 2000–2023.

Case presentation
A case of sarcoma cancer myiasis is reported on the scalp of a 43-year-old man who referred to one of Tehran’s hospitals for surgical treatment of cancer. Before surgery, insect larvae were observed in the area of ​​sarcoma. The larvae were isolated, examined morphologically, and identified as Sarcophaga spp.

Conclusions
Myiasis has been considered as a neglected disease. Publishing of myiasis cases could be useful to alert health policy-makers about its danger and appearance in the community. It is not usual but can be expected even on the scalp of the human head. Exact daily supervision and dressing of the wound could be recommended to prevent cutaneous myiasis.
Pharmacist-driven outreach initiative to increase prescribing of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in eligible VHA patients with chronic kidney disease: a study protocol
Authors: Pestka Deborah L. , Murphy Daniel , Huynh Pearl , Rechtzigel Jessica A. , Kjos Shari , Ellich Lisa Marie , Kaplan Adam N. , Taylor Brent C. , Atwood Melissa , Polsfuss Beth A. , Lee Joseph Y. , Ishani Areef 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk for multiple adverse events, several of which have been proven to be less likely with the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). As a result, guidelines now recommend SGLT2i be given to those with mild to moderate CKD and type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study is to evaluate if a pharmacist-driven SGLT2i prescribing initiative among eligible patients with CKD and diabetes within the VA could more rapidly improve the adoption of SGLT2i via a pragmatic approach aligned with learning health systems.

Methods
Eligible patients will be identified through an established VA diabetes dashboard. Veterans with an odd social security number (SSN), which is effectively a random number, will be the intervention group. Those with even SSNs will serve as the control while awaiting a second iteration of the same interventional program. The intervention will be implemented in a rolling fashion across one Veterans Integrated Service Network. Our primary outcome is initiation of an SGLT2i. Secondary outcomes will include medication adherence and safety-related outcomes.

Discussion
This project tests the impact of a pharmacist-driven medication outreach initiative as a strategy to accelerate initiation of SGLT2i. The results of this work will not only illustrate the effectiveness of this strategy for SGLT2is but may also have implications for increasing other guideline-concordant care. Furthermore, the utilization of SSNs to select Veterans for the first wave of this program has created a pseudo-randomized interventional trial supporting a pragmatic learning health system approach.

Trial registration
ISRCTN12374636.
The refractory secondary hyperparathyroidism presenting with retro-orbital brown tumor: a case report
Authors: Uysal Cihan , Yilmaz Tugba , Ozkan Hamiyet , Canoz Ozlem , Tokgoz Bulent 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism describes the autonomous and excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid glands after longstanding secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease. Brown tumors are a sign of uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism. In this case, we have reported a refractory and destructive hyperparathyroidism storm. Also, it presented with atypical onset and unexpected adenoma location.

Case presentation
A 37-year-old man was diagnosed with end-stage kidney disease 22 years ago. He has been undergoing dialysis treatment since that time. Recently, he was admitted to the ophthalmology department due to the unilateral anterior bulging of the right eye and drooping of the eyelid. Magnetic resonance imaging exhibited an extraconal mass lesion located in the right orbital posterior superolateral position. Computerized tomography scans considered expansile bone lesion with peripheral calcification and originating from the sphenoid wing. The bone mass lesion was resected via craniotomy due to the compressive effect. The pathological findings were consistent with brown tumors. Plasma intact PTH level was 4557 pg/mL. The patient informed that he underwent parathyroidectomy and two leg fractures operation in a medical query. Parathyroid scintigraphy determined three distinct foci consistent with adenomas and one of them was in mediastenum. Second parathyroidectomy was recommended to the patient but the patient refused surgery. Despite his medication and dialysis regimen being revised, PTH levels were maintained at higher levels in follow-up.

Conclusions
We presented a hyperparathyroidism case that was resistant to all treatments and exhibited all the severe complications in a long-term dialysis patient. Furthermore, this case has revealed the importance and difficulty of secondary hyperparathyroidism management.
A retrospective, longitudinal cohort study of trends and risk factors for preterm birth in the Northern Territory, Australia
Authors: Brown Kiarna , Cotaru Carina , Binks Michael 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Preterm birth (PTB) is the single most important cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity in high income countries. In Australia, 8.6% of babies are born preterm but substantial variability exists between States and Territories. Previous reports suggest PTB rates are highest in the Northern Territory (NT), but comprehensive analysis of trends and risk factors are lacking in this region. The objective of this study was to characterise temporal trends in PTB among First Nations and non-First Nations mothers in the Top End of the NT over a 10-year period and to identify perinatal factors associated with the risk of PTB.

Methods
This was a retrospective population-based cohort study of all births in the Top End of the NT over the 10-year period from January 1st, 2008, to December 31st, 2017. We described maternal characteristics, obstetric complications, birth characteristics and annual trends in PTB. The association between the characteristics and the risk of PTB was determined using univariate and multivariate generalised linear models producing crude risk ratios (cRR) and adjusted risk ratios (aRR). Data were analysed overall, in First Nations and non-First Nations women.

Results
During the decade ending in 2017, annual rates of PTB in the Top End of the NT remained consistently close to 10% of all live births. However, First Nations women experienced more than twice the risk of PTB (16%) compared to other women (7%). Leading risk factors for PTB among First Nations women as compared to other women included premature rupture of membranes (RR 12.33; 95% CI 11.78, 12.90), multiple pregnancy (RR 7.24; 95% CI 6.68, 7.83), antepartum haemorrhage (RR 4.36; 95% CI 3.93, 4.84) and pre-existing diabetes (RR 4.18; 95% CI 3.67, 4.76).

Conclusions
First Nations women experience some of the highest PTB rates globally. Addressing specific pregnancy complications provides avenues for intervention, but the story is complex and deeper exploration is warranted. A holistic approach that also acknowledges the influence of socio-demographic influences, such as remote dwelling and disadvantage on disease burden, will be required to improve perinatal outcomes.
Maternal age-specific risks for adverse birth weights according to gestational weight gain: a prospective cohort in Chinese women older than 30
Authors: Wang Yidi , Gong Yunhui , Xu Yujie , Wang Xiaoyu , Shan Shufang , Cheng Guo , Zhang Ben 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
It is unclear whether the effects of abnormal gestational weight gain (GWG) on birth outcomes are differently in women with different maternal ages. This study aimed to investigate maternal age-specific association between GWG and adverse birth weights in Chinese women older than 30.

Methods
19,854 mother-child dyads were selected from a prospective cohort study in Southwest China between 2019 and 2022. Logistic regression model was used to assess the association between GWG, which defined by the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines, and adverse birth weights including large- and small-for-gestational-age (LGA and SGA), stratified by maternal age (31–34 years and ≥ 35 years).

Results
In both maternal age groups, excessive and insufficient GWG were associated with increased odds of LGA and SGA, respectively. After women were categorized by pre-pregnancy body mass index, the associations remained significant in women aged 31–34 years, whereas for women aged ≥ 35 years, the association between excessive GWG and the risk of LGA was only significant in normal weight and overweight/obese women, and the significant effect of insufficient GWG on the risk of SGA was only observed in underweight and overweight/obese women. Moreover, among overweight/obese women, the magnitude of the association between insufficient GWG and the risk of SGA was greater in those aged ≥ 35 years (31–34 years: OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.19–3.55; ≥35 years: OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.47–4.74), while the impact of excessive GWG on the risk of LGA was more pronounced in those aged 31–34 years (31–34 years: OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.68–2.88; ≥35 years: OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.30–2.25).

Conclusions
The stronger associations between abnormal GWG and adverse birth weights were mainly observed in women aged 31–34 years, and more attention should be paid to this age group.
Subjective and objective financial toxicity among colorectal cancer patients: a systematic review
Authors: Azzani Meram , Azhar Zahir Izuan , Ruzlin Aimi Nadira Mat , Wee Chen Xin , Samsudin Ely Zarina , Al-Harazi Sabah Mohammed , Noman Sarah 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer type worldwide. Colorectal cancer treatment costs vary between countries as it depends on policy factors such as treatment algorithms, availability of treatments and whether the treatment is government-funded. Hence, the objective of this systematic review is to determine the prevalence and measurements of financial toxicity (FT), including the cost of treatment, among colorectal cancer patients.

Methods
Medline via PubMed platform, Science Direct, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched to find studies that examined CRC FT. There was no limit on the design or setting of the study.

Results
Out of 819 papers identified through an online search, only 15 papers were included in this review. The majority (n = 12, 80%) were from high-income countries, and none from low-income countries. Few studies (n = 2) reported objective FT denoted by the prevalence of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE), 60% (9 out of 15) reported prevalence of subjective FT, which ranges from 7 to 80%, 40% (6 out of 15) included studies reported cost of CRC management– annual direct medical cost ranges from USD 2045 to 10,772 and indirect medical cost ranges from USD 551 to 795.

Conclusions
There is a lack of consensus in defining and quantifying financial toxicity hindered the comparability of the results to yield the mean cost of managing CRC. Over and beyond that, information from some low-income countries is missing, limiting global representativeness.
A case report of peroneal muscle atrophy type 2A2 with central nervous system involvement as initial presentation
Authors: Xu Xin , Lu Fen , Du Senjie , Zhang Li 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a group of single-gene hereditary diseases of peripheral nerve with high clinical variability and genetic heterogeneity. The typical clinical manifestations include progressive muscle weakness and muscle atrophy in the distal extremities, accompanied by disappearance of tendon reflexes and distal sensory disturbances. CMT2A2 (OMIM: 609260) is caused by the mutation of MFN2 (OMIM: 608507), is the most common type of axonal pattern. Although a small number of patients with X-linked CMT1 (CMT1X) present with central nervous system involvement, including reversible white matter lesions, it is rarely in CMT2A2.

Case presentation
A 3-year and 5-month-old girl had experienced motor lag, muscle tension, and abnormal gait for over a year. A reexamination of cranial MRI revealed an anterior enlargement of the abnormal signal range in the lateral ventricles and bilateral frontal lobes. And the whole exon sequencing showed that this girl carried a heterozygous missense mutation c.314C > T of MNF2 gene, inherited from her mother.

Conclusions
In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical and molecular genetic findings of a child with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease A2 with central nervous system involvement as the initial presentation, and explored its pathogenic mechanism.
Volunteering and instrumental support during the first phase of the pandemic in Europe: the significance of COVID-19 exposure and stringent country’s COVID-19 policy
Authors: Lestari Septi Kurnia , Eriksson Malin , de Luna Xavier , Malmberg Gunnar , Ng Nawi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 control policies might negatively impact older adults’ participation in volunteer work, instrumental support provision, and the likelihood of receiving instrumental support. Studies that quantify changes in these activities and the related factors are limited. The current study aimed to examine the level of volunteering, instrumental support provision and receipt before and during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe and to determine whether older adults’ volunteering, instrumental support provision and receipt were associated with individual exposure to COVID-19 and the stringency of country’s COVID-19 control policy during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Corona Survey 1 was designed to focus on community-dwelling Europeans aged ≥50 years. History of participation in volunteering work and instrumental support provision or receipt was assessed from the previous SHARE Wave data. The country’s COVID-19 control policy stringency index (S-Index) was from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker database. A total of 45,669 respondents from 26 European countries were included in the volunteering analysis. Seventeen European countries were included in the analyses of instrumental support provision (N = 36,518) and receipt (N = 36,526). The multilevel logistic regression model was fitted separately to analyse each activity.

Results
The level of volunteering and instrumental support provision was lower during the pandemic, but instrumental support receipt was higher. The country S-Index was positively associated with support provision (OR:1.13;95%CI:1.02–1.26) and negatively associated with support receipt (OR:0.69;95%CI:0.54–0.88). Exposure to COVID-19 was positively associated with support receipt (OR:1.64;95%CI:1.38–1.95). COVID-19 exposure on close ones positively associated with volunteering (OR:1.47;95%CI:1.32–1.65), support provision (OR:1.28;95%CI:1.19–1.39), and support receipt (OR:1.25;95%CI:1.15–1.35).

Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted older Europeans’ volunteering, instrumental support provision, and instrumental support receipt from outside their household. When someone close to them was exposed to COVID-19, older Europeans were likely to receive instrumental support and to volunteer and provide instrumental support. A stricter country’s COVID-19 control policy might motivate older adults to provide instrumental support, but it prevents them from receiving instrumental support from outside their households.