bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpreting ecological patterns in an intact estuary, South‐west New Zealand World Heritage Area
Authors: Dickinson K. J. M. , Mark A. F. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryVegetation pattern, soil attributes, and salinity regimes along with several other environmental factors were studied in a small (11 ha) but unmodified estuary in south Westland, New Zealand. Part of an unmodified 40 km2catchment within the South‐west New Zealand World Heritage Area, the Hapuka Estuary, formed behind a 5‐km long barrier beach, provides considerable ecological value as well as baseline, conservation advocacy and educative potentials both in a national and international context.Seventy‐four quadrats were sampled randomly along five transects at right angles to the main Hapuka River. Eight plant communities comprising 141 native and thirteen exotic vascular species, were differentiated using multivariate analyses, from bare mud (mean elevation 1.23±0.24 m above Mean Low Water Spring (MLWS)), saltmarsh and shrubland associations through to the adjacent podocarp‐broadleaved rain forest (4.53±0.74 m above MLWS). Bulk density of the upper 10 cm of substrate varied from a maximum of 1.15 g cm−3in the lowest elevation association to a minimum of 0.15 g cm−3in the rain forest. pH showed a similar trend with values of 6.97 and 4.31, respectively. The reverse pattern was evident with organic matter, with the highest content (53% ODWt) in the rain forest substrate. The water which irrigates the saltmarsh at high tide reaches 15–19» salinity on calm days but may be much less saline when moderate to strong southerly winds counter the tidal influence. Northerly winds, or a southern outlet through the barrier beach, intermittently evident in the past, are likely to enhance salinity of the tidal waters across the saltmarsh.Ordination of the vegetation samples indicated a very strong gradient associated with Axis 1 (eigenvalue=0.872) and Axis 2 (eigenvalue=0.461). Vector fitting of nine measured environmental factors indicated a strong positive correlation with Axis 1 of the ordination, of soil pH, sodium and conductivity, and negative correlations with elevation, soil water, organic matter and potassium contents.
Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE) of Mexican hydrological basins based on helminth parasites of freshwater fishes
Authors: Aguilar‐Aguilar Rogelio , Contreras‐Medina Raúl , Salgado‐Maldonado Guillermo 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAim The distributional patterns of helminthological fauna of freshwater fishes were analysed to postulate a general hypothesis on the relationships of some Mexican hydrological systems.Location Eight hydrological systems of central and eastern Mexico were studied and compared with records from Nicaragua.Methods A Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE) was applied to the presence/absence of ninety‐two helminth parasite taxa (Monogeneans, Digeneans, Cestodes, Acanthocephalans and Nematodes) of freshwater fishes, from eight Mexican hydrological systems, using the Hennig86 program.Results The results represent the first attempt for a biogeographical analysis through application of the PAE method to the distributional patterns of helminth parasites of freshwater fishes in Mexico. A single most parsimonious cladogram was obtained, which grouped all the Neotropical systems in accordance with previous proposals based on other plant and animal taxa.Main conclusions The most basal systems were Santiago and Lerma basins, which exhibited Nearctic affinities. The remaining areas of the cladogram showed Neotropical affinities. All the southeastern systems were grouped in a clade with the Nicaragua system, providing support for a ‘Mesoamerican province’ based on helminth parasites of cichlids. The cladogram also suggests that the treatment of the Lerma‐Santiago basin as a single biogeographical unit is inaccurate and that they should be treated as separate systems.
Head injury: long‐term consequences for patients and families and implications for nurses
Authors: Kneafsey Rosie , Gawthorpe Dawn 
Published: December 2004

Background.  Head injury as a result of trauma is an important cause of long‐term disability. Recently published guidance from the National Institute for Clinical Excellence on Acute Head Injuries and a forthcoming National Service Framework for Long‐Term Neurological Conditions provides renewed focus on this practice speciality.Aims and objectives.  This article presents a narrative review of a range of quantitative and qualitative studies that have explored the impact of head injury and postinjury disabilities on patients’ and families lives.Results.  Patients may experience a range of physical, emotional, cognitive, social and behavioural problems after head injury that will have a significant impact on both their own and their families’ everyday lives. It is important that the behavioural, physical and psychological aspects of head injury are addressed. Carers may be vulnerable to stress and anxiety as a result of their caring role.Conclusions.  It is often in the longer term that the true complexity and impact of head injury may become apparent. Ongoing support, from a range of services, will be required to assist both patient and family to cope with their circumstances. Ensuring that practice is evidence based, it is necessary to conduct further research, both to explore the effectiveness of current service provision and investigate those aspects deemed important by patients and carers.Relevance to clinical practice.  As nurses play an important role in both the acute and long‐term care and support of those who have suffered a head injury, it is vital that they are aware of the wide ranging needs with which patients and families may present.
Learning disabilities: a survey of community nurses for people with prevalence of challenging behaviour and contact demands
Authors: Slevin Eamonn 
Published: December 2004

Background.  There is scant knowledge on the contacts community nurses for people with learning disabilities have with clients who display challenging behaviours, or the numbers of such people on these nurses‘ caseloads. This study was undertaken in a UK region with a population of 1.68 million people. In this region it is estimated that there are 8500 people with learning disabilities who are in contact with services, this includes around 500 people remaining in hospitals awaiting resettlement.Aims and objectives.  The research aims were to identify the overall caseload sizes of the nurses, the prevalence of people with learning disabilities who have challenging behaviours on the nurses’ caseloads and what contact demands these people required. An additional aim was to discover courses or training that helped the nurses to fulfill their roles.Design and methods.  A postal survey was undertaken of the total population of community nurses for people with learning disabilities in the region. The method of data collection was a self‐completion questionnaire.Results.  The study found that people with challenging behaviours accounted for over a quarter of the combined caseloads, and these clients required the most frequent visits from the nurses. There was a wide range in the number of clients on the caseloads of each nurse but overall these were higher than in other parts of the UK.Conclusions.  It is concluded that community nurses for people with learning disabilities have large caseloads and people with learning disabilities who have challenging behaviours, who account for over one‐quarter of the clients they visit, require much more frequent contact visits than other clients. The combination of high numbers of clients (or low numbers of these nurses) may impact on how such nurses are able to perform their role and functions.Relevance to clinical practice.  An increase in the numbers of community nurses for people with learning disabilities and skill development in caring for people with challenging behaviours is recommended. If this is not performed the clinical effectiveness of this group of nurses with respect to their work with people who challenge services may be unduly hampered.
Myocardial infarction: narrations by afflicted women and their partners of lived experiences in daily life following an acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Svedlund Marianne , Danielson Ella 
Published: December 2004

Background.  The review of the literature showed that many people and their family members share feelings of distress after an acute myocardial infarction. Therefore, it is important to show how the illness affects the relationship in the couple's daily life when the closest relatives involved are men.Aim.  The aim was to illuminate the meaning of lived experiences in daily life after an acute myocardial infarction, as narrated by afflicted women and their partners.Methods.  Nine women and their partners narrated their experiences three and 12 months after an infarction. The interview texts were then interpreted, using a phenomenological hermeneutic method, inspired by the philosophy of Ricoeur. The text was divided into meaning units that were condensed and abstracted. Two themes and eight sub‐themes were then extracted from the text.Results.  The first theme was ‘living in a changed life situation’ with the sub‐themes: ‘showing consideration’, ‘taking responsibility’, ‘living side by side’ and ‘desiring what to do’. The second theme was ‘looking to the future’ with the sub‐themes: ‘feeling uncertain’, ‘feeling powerless’, ‘feeling limited’ and ‘feeling hope’.Conclusions.  The results revealed that couples lived in a changed life situation, somewhat in ‘discordance’, and showed consideration to each other in order to protect the partner. There seemed to be a lack of verbal communication, but both women and their partners revealed that they sensed how their partners felt without verbal communication. In this ‘discordance’, couples may experience loneliness, in that they may not share feelings about the event and the situation it causes.Relevance to clinical practice.  Women and their partner have specific needs in daily living following an acute myocardial infarction. Therefore, nurses should acknowledge the specific needs for the female patient and the partner more clearly.
Scleromyxedema‐like fibromucinosis in a patient undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: McNeill Anne Marie , Barr Ronald J. 
Published: December 2004

Fifteen hemodialysis patients were recently reported with a new scleromyxedema‐like fibrosing disorder thought to be associated with renal dialysis. A case of this new clinicopathological entity is described as well as a limited review of the literature relevant to this disease.The patient was a 31‐year‐old Hispanic female with firm cutaneous plaques with brawny hyperpigmentation on the thighs and arms, which started 1 month after starting hemodialysis therapy for end‐stage renal disease. There was no monoclonal gammopathy or evidence of systemic mucin deposition or other organ system disease.Histopathologically, the skin biopsy samples show haphazardly arranged dermal fibroblasts with associated collagen and small collections of interfibrillar mucin.The skin biopsy was interpreted as scleromyxedema‐like fibromucinosis. This represents an additional case of this new renal dialysis‐associated disorder. The disease may also occur in nondialysis patients, including those with liver disease.
Investigation of the porcine PA28 activator γ‐subunit (PSME3) gene: isolation, polymorphism and its chromosomal localization
Authors: Yu M. , Wang Y. , Te Pas M. F. W. , Yerle M. , Liu B. , Fan B. , Xiong T. , Li K. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe PA28 activator γ‐subunit encoded by the PSME3 gene is the third component of the PA28 activator complex, which is the 11S regulator of the 20S proteasome. The open reading frame (ORF) sequence of the porcine PSME3 gene encoding the proteasome activator γ‐subunits (or proteasome activator subunit 3) was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence shows 100% identity with the corresponding human and murine sequence. Two single nucleotide substitutions, one located in intron 5 (I5), the other one in exon 8 (E8), were detected using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment‐length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP). Analysis on allele frequencies of the two polymorphic sites determined in different pig breeds (Duroc, Tibet, Qingping, Meishan, Erhualian and Mingzhu) showed large differences between Duroc and Chinese indigenous pig breeds investigated. The PSME3 gene was physically assigned to SSC12p11 – (2/3) p13 in the vicinity of the GH gene. This result provides an additional type I marker to the GH linkage group on SSC12.
Chemohormonal therapy as primary treatment for metastatic prostate cancer: A randomized study of estramustine phosphate plus luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone agonist versus flutamide plus luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone agonist
Authors: NOGUCHI MASANORI , NODA SHINSHI , YOSHIDA MASAKI , UEDA SHOICHI , SHIRAISHI TAIZO , ITOH KYOGO ,   THE KURUME–KUMAMOTO ESTRACYT STUDY GROUP
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackground:  The present study was undertaken mainly to investigate whether chemohormonal therapy with estramustine phosphate plus luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist has a more beneficial effect than the hormonal therapy with flutamide plus LHRH agonist for newly diagnosed patients with metastatic prostate cancer.Methods:  A total of 57 patients with metastatic prostate cancer aged 59–80 years (median 74 years) were entered in the study and were randomized to the treatment of estramustine phosphate (560 mg/day) plus LHRH agonist (estramustine group) or flutamide (375 mg/day) plus LHRH agonist (flutamide group) with stratification for the degree of performance status, histological differentiation and bone metastasis.Results:  Both of the treatment regimens were well tolerated with similar incidences of adverse drug reactions. The overall response rates (complete response plus partial response) at 12 weeks after treatment in the estramustine and flutamide groups were 76 and 55%, respectively. The median time to objective progression for the estramustine group (25.4 months) was longer than that of the flutamide group (14.6 months). The serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone were significantly lower in the estramustine group.Conclusions:  Chemohormonal therapy with estramustine phosphate plus LHRH agonist showed longer clinical progression‐free survival than the hormonal therapy with flutamide plus LHRH agonist (P = 0.03), although there was no significant difference in the overall survival. A larger‐scaled trial with more statistical power is required to clarify that the former regimen is more beneficial than the latter for newly diagnosed patients with advanced prostate cancer.
Is the human skin a pheromone‐producing organ?
Authors: Pause Bettina M 
Published: December 2004

SummaryIt is controversial whether or not humans convey specific compounds within their body odours which can potentially affect the physiology and behaviour of others. Such compounds are called pheromones and have been discovered in many other species, including mammals. It has been suggested that humans might have a special organ within their nose that can transmit such chemosensory information. However, the evidence for this organ is highly questionable. In any case, the main olfactory system is a highly diverse system, capable of transmitting pheromonal information. So far, no single substance has been found that acts as a chemical messenger for erotic attraction. On the other hand, studies investigating the pheromonal properties of natural complex body odour have proven that it does deliver information about the sender and that it has an effect on the physiology and likely behaviour of other humans. Its significance for human mating preferences probably lies not in driving them to choose the right mate but rather in warning them not to choose the wrong one.
Alchemie an einem Fürstenhof der Renaissance. Graf Wolfgang II. von Hohenlohe (1546–1610) und Schloß Weikersheim
Authors: Weyer Jost 
Published: December 2004

AbstractGraf Wolfgang II. von Hohenlohe war wie Kaiser Rudolf II. von Habsburg und andere fürstliche Zeitgenossen ein Liebhaber der Alchemie. In Schloß Weikersheim, seiner Residenz, hatte er ein Laboratorium eingerichtet, in dem er eigenhändig experimentierte. Reichhaltiges Quellenmaterial zu diesem Thema vermittelt ein anschauliches Bild von der Alchemie an einem Fürstenhof der Renaissance.
Zur Kenntnis der flüchtigen Pflanzenstoffe II. Über Turmeron, den Riechstoff des Curcumaöls
Authors: Rupe H. , Clar Georges , St. Pfau Alexander , Plattner Pl. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract1. Der Riechstoff des Curcumaöls ist ein Gemisch eines Sesquiterpen‐ketons C15H22O; mit einem aromatischen Keton C15H20O; sie werden als Turmeron und ar‐Turmeron bezeichnet.
Über die Komplexbildung des Ferri‐ions mit Carbonsäuren
Authors: Treadwell W. D. , Wettstein E. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractEs wurde die elektrometrische Titration von Alkalisalzen organischer Carbonsäuren mit Ferrichlorid im Aciditätsbereich von pH = 3−5 beschrieben. Die Säuren wurden zu Gruppen mit gleichartigem stöchiometrischem Verhalten zusammengestellt.
Strömungsoptische und viskosimetrische Untersuchungen über den Lösungszustand von Casein I
Authors: Nitschmann Hs. , Guggisberg H. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Der Einfluss von Neutralsalz auf die Strömungsdoppelbrechung und Viskosität von Natriumcaseinatlösungen.

Allgemeines über die Versuchstechnik.

Herstellung der Lösungen.
Viskositätsmessungen.
Messung der Strömungsdoppelbrechunung.

Einfluss variabler Salzkonzentrationen auf 4‐proz. neutrale Natriumcaseinatlösung.

Einfluss auf die Stärke der Strömungsdoppelbrechung und auf die Viskosität.
Einfluss auf den Orientierungswinkel der Strömungsdoppelbrechung.

Messungen an Natriumcaseinatlösungen anderer Konzentration.

Beziehungen zwichen Viskosität und Teilchengestalt.

Achsenverhältnisse der Teilchen in neutraler Natriumcaseinatlösung mit 0,08% Kaliumchlorid.
Achsenverhältnisse der Teilchen in neutraler Natriumcaseinatlösung mit 1,6‐n. Natriumsulfat.
Einfluss der Caseinkonzentration auf die Grösse des elektroviskosen Effektes.
Zur Frag der Abhängigkeit des Aggregationsgrades von der Caseinkonzentration.

Zur Frage nach der Reversibilität der durch die Salze bedingten Aggregationsänderungen.
Hemmung der Cholin‐esterase durch Pyrazolone, zugleich ein Beitrag zur Differenzierung der Cholin‐esterasen verschiedener Herkunft. 2. Mitteilung über die Beeinflussung von Fermentreaktionen durch Chemotherapeutica und Pharmaca
Authors: Zeller E. Albert 
Published: December 2004

Abstract1. Die Cholin‐esterase (ChE) wird durch eine Reihe von Pyrazolonen stark gehemmt. Die Hemmung tritt sofort ein und ist reversibel. Inhibitorkonzentration und Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit lassen sich durch die einfache Formel y = a x−b darstellen, wobei y die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit und x die Inhibitorkonzentration ist.
Untersuchungen über optisch aktive Diphenylverbindungen I. (Problemstellung und experimentelle Ergebnisse)
Authors: Kuhn W. , Rometsch R. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractModellmässige Betrachtungen über das Zustandekommen der optischen Aktivität führen zu bestimmten Vermutungen über das Schwingungsbild, welches bei asymmetrischen Diphenylverbindungen, die aus 2 identischen, gegeneinander gedrehten Molekelhälften bestehen, zu erwarten ist.
Ultrarotspektrum und Kraftkonstanten des Äthylenoxyds I
Authors: Günthard Hs. H. , Messikommer B. , Kohler M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDie Ultrarotbanden des Äthylenoxydes zwischen 800 und 1500 cm−1 wurden untersucht und die Enveloppen der meisten dieser Banden festgestellt. Der Vergleich der Enveloppen mit den theoretisch berechneten erlaubt eine Zuordnung der Ultrarotbanden zu den Normalschwingungen der Molekel vorzuschlagen, die in mehrfacher Hinsicht von den früher in der Literatur angegebenen abweicht. Die auf Grund dieser Zuordnung statistisch berechnete spezifische Wärme und Entropie des idealen Gases stimmen mit den experimentell bestimmten innerhalb der Fehlergrenzen überein. Eine Anzahl der Potentialkonstanten eines einfachen Valenzkraftmodells der Molekel wurden berechnet und diskutiert.
Reaktionen mit 15N. II. Eine spektroskopische Mikromethode zur Bestimmung von 15N
Authors: Hoch Michael , Weisser Hermann‐Rolf 
Published: December 2004

AbstractEs wird eine Methode beschrieben, um Konzentrationen der Stickstoffisotope 15N und 14N mit nur 50 γ N2 durch Photometrierung ultravioletter Banden zu bestimmen. Der mittlere Fehler beträgt etwa ± 2% bei Berücksichtigung der Schwärzungsverhältnisse. Die gewöhnlichen Verunreinigungen beeinflussen die Resultate nieht.
Über die Herstellung mehrkerniger Ketone
Authors: Wieland P. , Miescher K. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractÄhnlich wie sich 2 Mol Acetessigester und Formaldehyd zum monocyclischen Hagemann'schen Ester in wässeriger Lösung kondensieren lassen, führt die analoge Umsetzung von Acetessigester, Acetessigsäure bzw. Acetondicarbonsäure und Formaldehyd mit Derivaten cyclischer Mono‐ und Diketone schon in wässeriger bzw. wässerig‐alkoholischer Lösung zur Bildung mehrkerniger cyclischer Ketone.
Sur la provenance de la sarmentocymarine: Strophanthus spec. var. sarmentogenifera No MPD 50(communication préliminaire). Hétérosides et génines, 68e communication
Authors: v. Euw J. , Reber F. , Reichstein T. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractNous avons étudié les graines d'une variété locale de Strophanthus, dont I'identité botanique n'est pas encore établie définitivement et que nous désignerons provisoirement sous le nom de Strophanthus spec. var. sarmentogenifera N° MPD 50. Les extraits de ces graines ont donné sous l'effet de leurs ferments hydrosolubles, un mélange d'hétérosides dont nous avons pu isoler 3 substances avec les rendements suivants: 1° 0,364% de sarmentocymarine; 2° 0,123% d'une substance répondant à la formule C30H46O9et possédant un groupe méthoxyle; il s'agit probablement d'un nouvel hétéroside que nous appellerons provisoirement substance N° 799; 3° 0,42% de cristaux, désignés provisoirement comme cristallisat N° 804. Il s'agit 'un mélange composé en grande partie de sarmentoside A puisque par acétylation de ce cristallisat nous avons obtenu environ 30% d'acétate de sarmentoside A. Nous n'avons pas trouvé de sarvéroside.
Zur Kenntnis der Sesquiterpene und Azulene. 99. Mitteilung. Die basischen Eigenschaften der Azulene (Teil I)
Authors: Plattner Pl. A. , Heilbronner E. , Weber S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDie Annahme, dass Lösungen von Azulenen in starken Säuren Kationen vom Typus II enthalten, wurde durch weitere experimentelle Tatsachen gestützt.
Molekel‐Eigenfunktionen bestimmter Symmetrie: Linearkombinationen von P‐Funktionen. Teil II: Molekel‐Eigenfunktionen der Symmetrie C3v und D3
Authors: Heilbronner E. , Günthard Hs. H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAm Beispiel der wichtigen Symmetriegruppen C3v und D3 wird gezeigt, wie sich mittels der im Teil I abgeleiteten Formel (I, 25) jene Matrix M berechnen lässt, welche über die Formel (I, 26) die richtigen Linearkombinationen von PAO's, die zu einer solchen Symmetrie‐gruppe gehören, liefert. Die Matrix und die richtigen Linearkombinationen werden angegeben.
Zur Kenntnis der Metallhydroxyd‐Einschlussverbindungen. II. Über den Bau der Zinkhydroxydflavianate
Authors: Feitknecht W. , Bürki H. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract1. Die Zinkhydroxydflavianate besitzen eine Doppelschichtenstruktur, bei der zwischen Schichten von Zinkhydroxyd Schichten von Zinkflavianat eingebaut sind.
Zur Kenntnis der Metallhydroxyd‐Einschlussverbindungen IV. Über weitere aromatische Hydroxydsalze des Zinks
Authors: Feitknecht W. , Bürki H. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract1. Durch unvollständiges Fällen von Zn(NO3)2 mit NaOH in Gegenwart von Salzen organischer Säuren (Nitrophenole, Carbonsäuren, Sulfonsäuren) wurden basische Zinksalze dieser Sauren erhalten. Der Anteil des organischen Salzes an diesen Verbindungen beträgt etwa 50 Gewichtsprozente.