bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolving cosmic star formation histories of present-day bulges, discs, and spheroids with ProFuse
Authors: Bellstedt Sabine , Robotham Aaron S G , Driver Simon P , Lagos Claudia del P , Davies Luke J M , Cook Robin H W 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
We present the first look at star formation histories of galaxy components using ProFuse, a new technique to model the 2D distribution of light across multiple wavelengths using simultaneous spectral and spatial fitting of purely imaging data. We present a number of methods to classify galaxies structurally/morphologically, showing the similarities and discrepancies between these schemes. We show the variation in componentwise mass functions that can occur simply due to the use of a different classification method, which is most dramatic in separating bulges and spheroids. Rather than identifying the best-performing scheme, we use the spread of classifications to quantify uncertainty in our results. We study the cosmic star formation history (CSFH), forensically derived using ProFuse with a sample of ∼7000 galaxies from the Galaxy And Mass Assembly survey. Remarkably, the forensic CSFH recovered via both our method (ProFuse) and traditional Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) fitting (ProSpect) are not only exactly consistent with each other over the past 8 Gyr, but also with the in situ CSFH measured using ProSpect. Furthermore, we separate the CSFH by contributions from spheroids, bulges, and discs. While the vast majority (70 per cent) of present-day star formation takes place in the disc population, we show that 50 per cent of the stars that formed at cosmic noon (8–12 Gyr ago) now reside in spheroids, and present-day bulges are composed of stars that were primarily formed in the very early Universe, with half their stars already formed ∼12 Gyr ago.
Collisions of red giants in galactic nuclei
Authors: Ryu Taeho , Amaro Seoane Pau , Taylor Andrew M , Ohlmann Sebastian T 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
In stellar-dense environments, stars can collide with each other. For collisions close to a supermassive black hole (SMBH), the collisional kinetic energy can be so large that the colliding stars can be destroyed, potentially releasing an amount of energy comparable to that of a supernova. These black hole-driven disruptive collisions have been examined mostly analytically, with the non-linear hydrodynamical effects being left largely unstudied. Using the moving-mesh hydrodynamics code arepo, we investigate high-velocity (&gt;103 km s−1) collisions between 1 M⊙ giants with varying radii, impact parameters, and initial approaching velocities, and estimate their observables. Very strong shocks across the collision surface efficiently convert ${\gtrsim} 10~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the initial kinetic energy into radiation energy. The outcome is a gas cloud expanding supersonically, homologously, and quasi-spherically, generating a flare with a peak luminosity ≃1041–1044 erg s−1 in the extreme ultraviolet band (≃10 eV). The luminosity decreases approximately following a power law of t−0.7 initially, then t−0.4 after t ≃ 10 d at which point it would be bright in the optical band (≲1eV). Subsequent, and possibly even brighter, emission would be generated due to the accretion of the gas cloud on to the nearby SMBH, possibly lasting up to multiyear time-scales. This inevitable BH–collision product interaction can contribute to the growth of BHs at all mass scales, in particular, seed BHs at high redshifts. Furthermore, the proximity of the events to the central BH makes them a potential tool for probing the existence of dormant BHs, even very massive ones which cannot be probed by tidal disruption events.
Search for quasi-periodic oscillations in TESS light curves of bright Fermi Blazars
Authors: Tripathi Ashutosh , Smith Krista Lynne , Wiita Paul J , Wagoner Robert V 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
In a previous paper, we reported evidence for quasi-periodicities in the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) light curves of BL Lacerate and two other blazars found serendipitously in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) active galactic nuclei catalogue. In this work, we find tentative evidence for quasi-periodic features in the TESS observations of five sources in the fourth catalogue of the Fermi–Large Area Telescope sources: J090453.4−573503, J2345−1555, B0422+004, J002159.2−514028, and B0537−441. We analysed the TESS light curves of these blazars that we extracted using a customized approach. The quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are searched for using two timing analysis techniques: generalized Lomb–Scargle periodogram and weighted wavelet Z-transform. Their apparent periods lie in the range of 2.8–6.5 d and have at least 3σ significance in both of these methods. QPOs at such time-scales can originate from the kink instability model which relates the quasi-periodic feature with the growth of kinks in the magnetized relativistic jets. We performed Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations to obtain the posterior distribution of parameters associated with this model and found the kink period consistent with previous studies.
Landscape Heterogeneity Explains the Genetic Differentiation of a Forest Bird across the Sino-Himalayan Mountains
Authors: Jiao Xiaolu , Wu Lei , Zhang Dezhi , Wang Huan , Dong Feng , Yang Le , Wang Shangyu , Amano Hitoha E , Zhang Weiwei , Jia Chenxi , Rheindt Frank E , Lei Fumin , Song Gang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Mountains are the world's most important centers of biodiversity. The Sino-Himalayan Mountains are global biodiversity hotspot due to their extremely high species richness and endemicity. Ample research investigated the impact of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau uplift and Quaternary glaciations in driving species diversification in plants and animals across the Sino-Himalayan Mountains. However, little is known about the role of landscape heterogeneity and other environmental features in driving diversification in this region. We utilized whole genomes and phenotypic data in combination with landscape genetic approaches to investigate population structure, demography, and genetic diversity in a forest songbird species native to the Sino-Himalayan Mountains, the red-billed leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea). We identified 5 phylogeographic clades, including 1 in the East of China, 1 in Yunnan, and 3 in Tibet, roughly consistent with differences in song and plumage coloration but incongruent with traditional subspecies boundaries. Isolation-by-resistance model best explained population differentiation within L. lutea, with extensive secondary contact after allopatric isolation leading to admixture among clades. Ecological niche modeling indicated relative stability in the extent of suitable distribution areas of the species across Quaternary glacial cycles. Our results underscore the importance of mountains in the diversification of this species, given that most of the distinct genetic clades are concentrated in a relatively small area in the Sino-Himalayan Mountain region, while a single shallow clade populates vast lower-lying areas to the east. This study highlights the crucial role of landscape heterogeneity in promoting differentiation and provides a deep genomic perspective on the mechanisms through which diversity hotspots form.
Effect of fish-oil supplementation on the glycemic and lipidemic profiles of pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Silveira Julie M , Ribeiro Thassia S , Guilarducci Mariana J , Reis Marcela Gomes , Vieira Renata A L , Guimarães Nathalia S , Gomes Júnia M G 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Context
Pregnant women have physiological metabolic changes in glycemic and lipid profiles that are essential for fetal development.

Objective
The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the effects of fish-oil-capsule supplementation on the glycemic and lipid profiles of pregnant women.

Data Sources
A systematic search was conducted of the MEDLINE (by PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) databases and gray literature, including preprints for all relevant studies published in English, with no date restrictions.

Data Extraction
The estimated pooled results were analyzed using a random-effects model and represented by mean differences (MDs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The analyses were performed with R software, version 4.2.1, using the “Meta” packages, versions 6.0-0.

Data Analysis
Fifteen eligible studies were included after screening. In a pooled analysis, overall fish-oil supplementation had no effect on parameters compared with placebo. In the subgroup analysis, fish-oil supplementation may be beneficial in insulin (MD: –2.11 IU/mL; 95% CI: –3.86, –0.36) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (MD: –0.71; 95% CI: –1.14, –0.29) indices, with heterogeneity (I2 =0%) among pregnant women with diabetes mellitus. In the subgroup with doses of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) below 200 mg, there was a reduction in HOMA-IR in the intervention group (MD: –0.60; 95% CI: –1.14, –0.06).

Conclusion
Pregnant women taking fish-oil capsules showed significant beneficial changes in the subgroups of type 2 diabetes and EPA dosages below 200 mg for insulin and HOMA-IR.
Culture of presenteeism: emergent perspectives from an NHS-workforce convenience sample
Authors: Marciniak-Nuqui Z , Cabling M L , Romanelli R J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The United Kingdom’s National Health Service (NHS) has been under strain for more than a decade, which has been exacerbated by the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. According to NHS staff, this is felt especially during the winter (also called ‘winter pressure’), when both absenteeism and presenteeism rates are high in the healthcare workforce.

Aims
To understand the culture of presenteeism amongst NHS staff, focusing specifically on how presenteeism both persisted and changed during the COVID-19 pandemic and during periods of annual winter pressure.

Methods
Data for this study were derived from 20 in-depth interviews conducted with NHS staff, drawn from a convenience sample of primary- and secondary-care services. Interviews were guided by a semi-structured interview protocol.

Results
This study contributes to an understanding of presenteeism by describing the ways in which the practice both changed and, in some ways, stayed the same during COVID-19 self-isolation regulations, with remote work arrangements enabling some healthcare workers to continue working even when unwell. Despite this, isolation guidelines threw into stark relief NHS workers’ deeply held beliefs about duty, service, and commitment to the wider healthcare system, while exposing their experiences and perceptions of profound systemic challenges and a lack of wider support to carry out their work.

Conclusions
The emergent findings from this study suggest that the culture of presenteeism is linked to wider NHS staff’s identification with the institutional goals of the NHS, resulting in their motivation to continue working, even if remotely; yet, the consequences are not fully understood.
Help-seeking intentions of UK construction workers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Duncan M , Bansal D , Cooke E 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
In response to the high rates of poor mental health in the construction industry, numerous workplace interventions have been designed to address the known and suspected risk factors to employee mental health and well-being. A key challenge of these strategies is low engagement in support services.

Aims
The goals of this research were to investigate the help-seeking intentions of employees in the construction industry, explore levels of mental well-being in this population and provide insight into employee engagement with mental health support strategies.

Methods
Employees from two UK construction companies completed an online cross-sectional questionnaire (n = 119), designed to measure help-seeking intentions, levels of mental well-being and worker attitudes towards workplace mental health support strategies.

Results
One-third of the sample reported experiencing an episode of mental health difficulties in the past 6 months. Employees reported a greater preference for seeking support from informal versus formal help sources. Participants were most likely to seek help from a partner and least likely to seek help from a Mental Health First Aider/ Champion. The study also showed some association between help-seeking intention and age of employees.

Conclusions
Given the poor levels of mental well-being in this population, it is essential that adequate workplace support is provided. Whilst formal help sources are important for this population, our study highlights the potential benefits of informal help sources to support employees. Future interventions may therefore wish to consider developing tailored, informal workplace support networks and programmes.
Diversification and dispersal in the Americas revealed by new phylogenies of the wrens and allies (Passeriformes: Certhioidea)
Authors: Imfeld Tyler S , Barker F Keith , Vázquez-Miranda Hernán , Chaves Jaime A , Escalante Patricia , Spellman Garth M , Klicka John 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The passerine superfamily Certhioidea lacks a complete phylogeny despite decades of recognition as a clade and extensive systematic work within all its constituent families. Here, we inferred a near-complete species-level phylogeny of Certhioidea from a molecular supermatrix, including the first comprehensive sampling of the wrens (Troglodytidae), and used this phylogeny to infer its biogeographic and diversification histories. We also inferred an expanded phylogeny including nearly 100 putative phylospecies previously documented in the literature, and we found that including this diversity had notable impacts on the inferred evolutionary history of Certhioidea. This phylospecies-level tree documented a few instances of species paraphyly, some previously described in the literature and some novel. We found that Certhioidea originated largely in Eurasia and dispersed into North America five times in the last 20 million years, including at the origin of the “New World certhioids,” wrens and gnatcatchers, a clade herein named Orthourae. After this initial dispersal event, both wrens and gnatcatchers diversified extensively across the hemisphere, with both lineages repeatedly crossing between continents. However, we detected no notable impact of the formation of the Isthmus of Panama on the frequency of dispersal events between North and South America. The inclusion of phylospecies altered this biogeographic inference in some portions of the tree but overall was largely consistent. With species-level sampling, we found that diversification rates within Certhioidea were largely constant through time with a detectable deceleration toward the present. By contrast, phylospecies-level sampling recovered a different diversification history with a significant rate increase at the crown node of Orthourae after dispersing into the Americas and increased speciation rates particularly within the genera Polioptila and Henicorhina. This largely resolved phylogeny for Certhioidea has yielded important insights into the evolutionary history of this group and provides a framework for future comparative work on this fascinating clade.
GRAS transcription factor PINNATE-LIKE PENTAFOLIATA2 controls compound leaf morphogenesis in Medicago truncatula
Authors: He Liangliang , Liu Ye , Mao Yawen , Wu Xinyuan , Zheng Xiaoling , Zhao Weiyue , Mo Xiaoyu , Wang Ruoruo , Wu Qinq , Wang Dongfa , Li Youhan , Yang Yuanfan , Bai Quanzi , Zhang Xiaojia , Zhou Shaoli , Zhao Baolin , Liu Changning , Liu Yu , Tadege Million , Chen Jianghua 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The milestone of compound leaf development is the generation of separate leaflet primordia during the early stages, which involves two linked but distinct morphogenetic events: leaflet initiation and boundary establishment for leaflet separation. Although some progress in understanding the regulatory pathways for each event have been made, it is unclear how they are intrinsically coordinated. Here, we identify the PINNATE-LIKE PENTAFOLIATA2 (PINNA2) gene encoding a newly identified GRAS transcription factor in Medicago truncatula. PINNA2 transcripts are preferentially detected at organ boundaries. Its loss-of-function mutations convert trifoliate leaves into a pinnate pentafoliate pattern. PINNA2 directly binds to the promoter region of the LEAFY orthologue SINGLE LEAFLET1 (SGL1), which encodes a key positive regulator of leaflet initiation, and downregulates its expression. Further analysis revealed that PINNA2 synergizes with two other repressors of SGL1 expression, the BEL1-like homeodomain protein PINNA1 and the C2H2 zinc finger protein PALMATE-LIKE PENTAFOLIATA1 (PALM1), to precisely define the spatiotemporal expression of SGL1 in compound leaf primordia, thereby maintaining a proper pattern of leaflet initiation. Moreover, we showed that the enriched expression of PINNA2 at the leaflet-to-leaflet boundaries is positively regulated by the boundary-specific gene MtNAM, which is essential for leaflet boundary formation. Together, these results unveil a pivotal role of the boundary-expressed transcription factor PINNA2 in regulating leaflet initiation, providing molecular insights into the coordination of intricate developmental processes underlying compound leaf pattern formation.
What we know and what we don’t know about catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Rodriguez-Pintó Ignasi , Espinosa Gerard , Cervera Ricard 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) is a severe condition with high mortality. Since its description in 1992, an important effort has been made to improve and disseminate knowledge on CAPS. Most of our current knowledge comes from the studies performed using the CAPS Registry, a database created in 2000 to gather as many cases as possible in order to better define this disease. It has demonstrated that this condition has multiple faces and is often triggered by a precipitating factor that leads to a thrombotic microangiopathy and cytokine storm involving almost any organ of the body. Analysis of the CAPS Registry has also shown that patients receiving anticoagulation, glucocorticoids and plasma exchange and/or IVIG have a better prognosis. However, there are still many unresolved questions. In this review we summarize what is known and what is still a matter of research in this condition.
Genetic changes from type I interferons and JAK inhibitors: clues to drivers of juvenile dermatomyositis
Authors: Covert Lauren T , Prinz Joseph A , Swain-Lenz Devjanee , Dvergsten Jeffrey , Truskey George A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
To better understand the pathogenesis of juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), we examined the effect of the cytokines type I interferons (IFN I) and JAK inhibitor drugs (JAKi) on gene expression in bioengineered pediatric skeletal muscle.

Methods
Myoblasts from three healthy pediatric donors were used to create three-dimensional skeletal muscle units termed myobundles. Myobundles were treated with IFN I, either IFNα or IFNβ. A subset of IFNβ-exposed myobundles was treated with JAKi tofacitinib or baricitinib. RNA sequencing analysis was performed on all myobundles.

Results
Seventy-six myobundles were analysed. Principal component analysis showed donor-specific clusters of gene expression across IFNα and IFNβ-exposed myobundles in a dose-dependent manner. Both cytokines upregulated interferon response and proinflammatory genes; however, IFNβ led to more significant upregulation. Key downregulated pathways involved oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid metabolism and myogenesis genes. Addition of tofacitinib or baricitinib moderated the gene expression induced by IFNβ, with partial reversal of upregulated inflammatory and downregulated myogenesis pathways. Baricitinib altered genetic profiles more than tofacitinib.

Conclusion
IFNβ leads to more pro-inflammatory gene upregulation than IFNα, correlating to greater decrease in contractile protein gene expression and reduced contractile force. JAK inhibitors, baricitinib more so than tofacitinib, partially reverse IFN I-induced genetic changes. Increased IFN I exposure in healthy bioengineered skeletal muscle leads to IFN-inducible gene expression, inflammatory pathway enrichment, and myogenesis gene downregulation, consistent with what is observed in JDM.
The Significance of the Redox Gene in the Prognosis and Therapeutic Response of Glioma
Authors: Niu Huatao , Cao Honghua , Liu Xin , Chen Yanbei , Cheng Zhaojin , Long Jinyong , Li Fuhua , Sun Chaoyan , Zuo Pin 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal adult central nervous system tumor. Due to its high heterogeneity, the survival rate and prognosis of patients are poor. Thousands of people die of this disease every year all over the world. At present, the treatment of GBM is mainly through surgical resection and the combination of later drugs, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. An abnormal redox system is involved in the malignant progression and treatment tolerance of glioma, which is the main reason for poor survival and prognosis. The construction of a GBM redox-related prognostic model may be helpful in improving the redox immunotherapy and prognosis of GBM.

Methods:
Based on glioma transcriptome data and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, databases, a risk model of redox genes was constructed by univariate and multivariate Cox analysis. The good prediction performance of the model was verified by the internal validation set of The Cancer Genome Atlas, and the external data of Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas.

Results:
The results confirmed that the higher the risk score, the worse the survival of patients. Age and isocitrate dehydrogenase status were significantly correlated with risk scores. The analysis of immune infiltration and immunotherapy found that there were significant differences in the immune score, matrix score, and ESTIMATE score between high and low-risk groups. reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining of glioma samples confirmed the expression of the hub gene.

Conclusion:
Our study suggests that the 5 oxidative-related genes nitricoxidesynthase3, NCF2, VASN, FKBP1B, and TXNDC2 are hub genes, which may provide a reliable prognostic tool for glioma clinical treatment.