bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrological and geochemical properties of bottom ash landfills
Authors: Ingold Philipp , Weibel Gisela , Wanner Christoph , Gimmi Thomas , Churakov Sergey V. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Switzerland, municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash is deposited in open landfills, which leads to its interaction with rainwater and thus the formation of a polluted leachate. After completion, the landfill enters the aftercare phase, during which leachate contamination is expected to decrease to such level, that no hazardous effects on the environment can be assumed. This study attempts to provide a better understanding of the hydraulic and geochemical properties of bottom ash landfills by combining field and laboratory investigations. The results show that a bottom ash landfill can be described as a generally unsaturated body with several layers of different grain sizes. Three different water domains with variable hydraulic and geochemical properties were identified in the landfill: (1) zones of preferential flow, (2) a reservoir of mobile porewater, and (3) an immobile porewater reservoir. The landfill layering is primarily responsible for the formation of various flow systems during heavy rainfall events. According to a conceptual model, the different domains and reservoirs provide variable volumetric contribution to the leachate, depending on precipitation rates and duration of dry periods. Preferential flow systems account for approx. 5 – 10 vol.%. Sampling of leachate during heavy rainfall events revealed dilution effects for Na, Ca, Cl, and SO4, while pH and concentrations of Al, Cu, Cr, V, and Zn increased significantly. The findings of this study serve as a basis for the development of a hydrogeochemical model of a bottom ash landfill, which allows better prediction of the future evolution of leachate quality.
Composition of the intestinal microbiota during mid- to late pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wang Yaxin , Liu Nana , Sun Yin , Ma Liangkun , Yang Xuanjin , Zhang Suhan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective
Determine the composition and characteristics of intestinal microbiota in GDM patients during mid- and late pregnancy, and identify possible differences in bacterial composition based on comparisons with a normal healthy population.
Methods
The participants were recruited at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation, and stool samples were collected twice in the second and third trimesters, and were examined based on next-generation sequencing. Test results and pregnancy outcomes were recorded, and baseline conditions and intestinal microecological composition were compared between the two groups.
Results
Compared with the healthy control group, the composition ratio of Bacteroides and Megamonas was significantly increased, whereas that of Bifidobacterium, Dialister, and Escherichia coli was significantly reduced. At the species level, the combination of Eubacterium hallii, Butyrate-producing Bacterium GM2.1, and Clostridium disporicum enabled an effective discrimination between the two groups (AUC = 93.64%, P < 0.05, 95% CI: 89.83–97.45%).
Conclusion
Compared with the healthy control group, we detected significant differences in the composition ratio of gut microbiota during late pregnancy in the gestational diabetes group, and also observed a reduction in bacterial diversity and an increase in microbial disorder.
Distinct Immune Homeostasis Remodeling Patterns after HLA-matched and Haploidentical Transplantation
Authors: Huang Xiao-jun , Guo Huidong , Guo Liping , Wang Bixia , Jiang Xinya , Wu Zhigui , Mo Xiaodong , Sun Yuqian , Zhang Yuan-Yuan , Wang Zhi-Dong , Kong Jun , Yan Chenhua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The immune system remodels from the donor to the recipient during allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, little is known about the cell profile alterations as donor homeostasis is rebalanced recipient homeostasis following HSCT. We dissected the dynamics of the rebalanced homeostatic immune system in recipients received HLA-matched and haploidentical HSCT. All immune subpopulations observed in donors were successfully restored in recipients with varying levels of abundance. The remodeling of immune homeostasis exhibited different patterns in HLA-matched and haploidentical HSCT, highlighting distinct biases in T cell reconstitution from the central and peripheral pathways. Furthermore, ZNF683 is critical for maintaining the persistence and quiescence of CD8 T-cell in haploidentical HSCT. Our research could serve as a foundation for developing novel strategies to induce immune tolerance.
A novel PET probe to selectively image heat shock protein 90α/β isoforms in the brain
Authors: Sakai Takayuki , Ikenuma Hiroshi , Yamada Takashi , Hattori Saori , Ogata Aya , Abe Junichiro , Imamura Shinichi , Ichise Masanori , Tada Mari , Kakita Akiyoshi , Koyama Hiroko , Suzuki Masaaki , Kato Takashi , Ito Kengo , Kimura Yasuyuki 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Heat shock proteins (HSPs), ubiquitously found proteins called molecular chaperones in the brain, play important functional roles in the neuropathological processes of Alzheimer’s disease and Lewy body disease. Of many HSP subtypes, HSP90 has been shown to play a central role in the process. Many studies have shown that drugs that inhibit HSP90 activity have beneficial effects in the neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, HSP90 PET imaging ligand, an in vivo biomarker of HSP90, can be used effectively to study HSP90 in neurodegenerative diseases. Among four HSP90 isoforms, two cytosolic isoforms (HSP90α and HSP90β) thought to be involved in the structural homeostasis of the proteins related to the neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, no useful PET imaging ligands selectively targeting the two cytosolic isoforms of HSP90 have been available yet.
Results
In this study, we developed a novel PET imaging ligand, [11C]NCGG801, selectively targeting HSP90α and HSP90β by radiolabeling BIIB021, an inhibitor with a high affinity for and selectivity to HSP90α and HSP90β. [11C]NCGG801 was synthesized with a high yield, molar activity and radiochemical purity. [11C]NCGG801 showed a high binding affinity for rat brain homogenate as well as human recombinant HSP90α and HSP90β proteins. This radioligand was well taken up into the rat brain (SUV 1.4) and showed clear specific binding in PET imaging of healthy rats and autoradiography of healthy rat and human brain sections.
Conclusions
Our data suggested that [11C]NCGG801 has a potential to be a new imaging biomarker of HSP90α/β in the brain. Further studies appear warranted to evaluate [11C]NCGG801 in humans.
Stability analysis and multiple solutions of MHD mixed convective Cu–Ag-Al2O3/H2O ternary hybrid nanofluid over an exponential permeable shrinking surface with radiation and slip impacts: An estimation of entropy production
Authors: Mandal Gopinath 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This investigation aims to determine the existence of a dual solution in magne-tohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convective radiative ternary hybrid nanofluid flow in a permeable Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium over an exponential shrinking surface by considering velocity & thermal slips and suction effects at the surface. The impacts for three types of fluid, namely, the mono nanofluid (Cu/H2O), hybrid nanofluid (Cu-Ag/H2O), and ternary hybrid nanofluid (Cu-Ag-Al2O3/H2O) are analyzed on different flow fields. The current work also addresses estimating entropy production to light on its innovative use in coolant applications. The nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are converted into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity transformation. Governing higher-order nonlin-ear ODEs are constructed and solved using the bvp4c numerical MATLAB function. Due to the presence of duality in the numerical solutions, the stability of these solutions is performed by locating the lowest eigenvalue. A positive minimum eigenvalue represents the upper stable solution branch, while a negative minimal eigenvalue represents the lower unstable solution branch. The effects of emergent variables on entropy generation and velocity, temperature, skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt number are analyzed graphically and in tabular form. The findings also show that the velocity profile improves when mono nanofluid transitions to hybrid nanofluid. However, it swiftly degrades for a ternary hybrid nanofluid medium for both solution branches. The temperature rises as we transition from mono to hybrid and from hybrid to ternary nanofluid medium. It has been shown that the thermal radiation Preprint submitted to 26 October 2023 parameter significantly influences the fluid’s temperature and the heat transfer rate. In the event of a stable solution, the increment in the Forchheimer number slows the flow of the liquid and is exacerbated by the magnetic field. Thermal radiation also significantly speeds up the creation of entropy. The present optimization method provides a fresh, advantageous perspective on the manufacture of polymer sheets, glass fiber, crude oil, plastic films, heat exchangers, and electronic gadgets. Hence, the obtained results are recommended for developing industrial device setup.
Updated Ensemble Model Used to Detect Contrails
Authors: Jagtap Jeet 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Contrails are usually formed by aviation vehicles and are also known as ”ice clouds”. As the aircraft is flying, water vapor condenses on dust particles, forming the contrail. Due to the nature of these clouds—containing more ice crystals compared to those naturally produced by clouds— they are very good at conserving heat within the earth. This heavily contributes to global warming. Autonomously detecting contrails is the best solution to preventing their spread. The dataset leveraged in this paper is taken from Kaggle and is originally from the GOES-16 Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI). Kaggle provides image data of different wavelengths (9), along with labeled masks for each contrail. The image data used from Kaggle has images of the same contrail taking in 9 different wavelengths. The proposed model, uses a resnest26d backbone, with a base U-Net model to provide accurate results for detecting contrails. This model provides more accurate results on segmenting images of contrails compared to other ensemble models.
Modified DRASTIC and GOD Models for Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Using a GIS Technique: A Case Study on Thoothukudi District
Authors: Sankarapandian Pitchaikani , Govind Venkatesan , Mahalingam M.Thambiraja 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Groundwater resources have recently replaced surface water as the primary source of freshwater for human activities across the world, particularly in semi-arid regions, and groundwater contamination from anthropogenic events is one of the biggest environmental issues in developed and industrial coastal areas. In order to assess the effects of groundwater management, several scholars from all around the world have carried out studies. In this study, the intrinsic effect and risk of pollution of coastal and irrigated regions in the Thoothukudi district of Tamil Nadu were assessed using GIS-based Modified DRASTIC and GOD vulnerability models. In this context, the letters GOD stand for Groundwater Hydraulic Confinement, Overlying Aquifer Strata, and Groundwater Depth. According to the criteria of G, O, and D, an unconfined aquifer that frequently contains sandstone, fine to medium clay, and sand near the shore makes up 70% of the research area. According to the vulnerability map created using the GOD technique, 32% of the study area's medium vulnerabilities are found in the almost northern region, where agricultural land and human activity are the primary sources of pollution. The Modified DRASTIC vulnerability index map reveals a 20% region of low susceptibility in the northwest corner and higher sections of the study area. The 50% of the area covered in the south, southeast, and northeast corner regions has a high and very high susceptibility, although the surrounding areas have a moderate vulnerability. Analyses demonstrate that the nitrate level of ground water is high in certain places. In comparison, the modified-DRASTIC approach yielded more reliable findings. The map may be utilized as a significant analytical tool for groundwater management and protection decision-making at the planning, policy, and organizational levels.
Combined Thermal and Mechanical Stimulation on Acupoint LI4 Enhances Powers of Beta and Gamma Waves in Parietal and Temporal Lobes
Authors: Yang Luna , Hu Zhimin , Li Weixin , Gong Yanling , Tanabe Hisateru , Chen Fujun , Yamazaki Ritsuko , Li Shengtian , Wang Ting 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Studies have shown that manual and electrical acupuncture have significant effects on brain functions. However, these treatments often evoke pain and fear. Non-invasive acupuncture therapies, such as mechanical (acupressure) and thermal (moxibustion), have been developed and shown to effectively relieve pain and treat various conditions. However, little is known about their influence on brain network function. The current study explored the effects of mechanical, thermal, and combined thermal and mechanical stimulations on acupoint Large Intestine 4 (LI4, Hegu) on EEG in fifty-two healthy participants. A 30-minute combined thermal and mechanical stimulation on LI4 enhanced the powers of the β and γ bands and reduced the ratio of θ/β in both the parietal and temporal lobes when compared with the same stimulation on the control point. In contrast, neither the mechanical nor thermal stimulation alone had such effects. The distinct impact of combined thermal and mechanical stimulation, as opposed to either method alone, underscores the importance of joint activation of thermosensory, touch, and pain-sensory fibers for effective acupoint stimulation. Furthermore, our findings provide insights into the use of combined thermal plus mechanical stimulation as an effective non-invasive alternative therapy.
An MRI radiomics-based model for the prediction of invasion of the lymphovascular space in patients with cervical cancer
Authors: Ma Nan-Nan , Wang Tao , Li Shao-Dong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Cervical cancer (CC) remains the second deadliest cancer-associated cause of mortality among women, and the ability to adequately predict the presence or absence of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) is vital to ensuring optimal patient outcomes. The objective of this study was to establish and verify an MRI radiomics-based model for the purpose of predicting the status of LVSI in patients with CC.
Methods
The present study conducted a retrospective analysis, wherein a total of 86 patients were included in the training cohort, and 38 patients were involved in the testing group, specifically focusing on patients with CC. The radiomics feature extraction process involved the utilization of ADC, T2WI-SPAIR, and T2WI sequences. Training group data were utilized for initial radionics-based model development, and model predictive performance was then validated based on data for patients enrolled in the experimental group.
Results
Radiomics scoring model construction was performed using 17 selected features. The study identified several risk variables associated with LVSI. These risk factors included elevated combined sequence-based radiomics scores (P < 0.001), more advanced FIGO staging (P = 0.03), cervical stromal invasion depth of a minimum of 1/2 (P = 0.02), and poorer tumor differentiation (P < 0.001). Radiomics scores based on combined sequences, ADC, T2WI-SPAIR, and T2WI exhibited AUCs of 0.931, 0.839, 0.815, 0.698, and 0.739 in the training cohort, respectively, with corresponding testing cohort values of 0.725, 0.692, 0.683, 0.833, and 0.854. The calibration curve analyses demonstrated an enhanced level of agreement between the actual and predicted LVSI status, indicating excellent consistency. Furthermore, the results of the decision curve study provided evidence for the clinical utility of this prediction model.
Conclusions
An MRI radiomics model was successfully developed and validated as a tool capable of predicting CC patient LVSI status, achieving high levels of overall diagnostic accuracy.
Feature Selection using Particle Swarm Optimization and Ensemble-based Machine Learning Models for Ransomware Detection
Authors: Gurukala Neel Kumar Yadav , Verma Deepak Kumar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ransomware attacks have become a major threat to organizations and individuals, as such an attack can cause significant financial loss and disruption to business operations. Traditional methods of ransomware detection, such as signature-based detection and heuristic-based detection, have proven to be inadequate in dealing with the constantly evolving ransomware variants.
Machine learning (ML)-based detection methods have shown promise in detecting ransomware. These methods rely on the extraction of relevant features from the samples and the training of a classifier to distinguish between ransomware and non-ransomware samples. Due to the high dimensionality of the feature space, machine learning algorithms can be employed to identify a crucial subset of features which in turn enhances the detection accuracy.
This research presents a novel approach that combines ensemble classifiers with feature selection using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The objective is to improve the detection accuracy and reduce false positives and false negatives in classification tasks. Two separate ensemble models were constructed: one comprising Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers, and the other consisting of Decision Tree (DT) and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) classifiers. The PSO algorithm was employed to determine the optimal features and their corresponding weights for each ensemble classifier.
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach and the results demonstrated that integrating PSO for feature selection significantly enhanced the overall detection rate compared to using all features with equal weights. By identifying the most relevant features and assigning appropriate weights, the ensemble classifiers achieved higher accuracy and improved the overall classification performance.
Sequential Separation of Anti-Diabetic Drugs in the Presence of Toxic Impurity Using Chromatographic Methods Integrating Green Analytical Chemistry Concept (Impurity Profiling)
Authors: Magdy Maimana A. , Abdelrahman Maha M. , Mohamed Doaa G. , Ahmed Amal B. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The study of green analytical chemistry has garnered significant attention in the context of mitigating global environmental contamination. In this study, we present two methodologies for environmentally friendly chromatography that enable simultaneous and specific determination of Saxagliptin (SAX), metformin (MET), and a pharmacopoeial impurity of MET known as melamine (MEL). The initial method employed in this study is High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), which utilized 60 F 254 silica gel-coated Mark HPTLC plates on aluminum sheets as the stationary phase. The developing system was made up of a mix of ethyl acetate: methanol: ammonia: glacial acetic acid in a ratio of 6:4:1:0.3 (v/v/v/v). The analysis was performed at a wavelength of 215 nm. The second method employed in this study is ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). In this method, a C18 column was utilized for the separation process. The mobile phase was made up of a mix of methanol and 0.01M sodium dodecyl sulfate, with a pH of 3.3 achieved by adding orthophosphoric acid. The ratio of methanol to sodium dodecyl sulfate in the mobile phase was 70:30 (v/v). The flow rate of the mobile phase was established at a rate of 1.5 mL / minute. The peaks found and recorded are resolved at a wavelength of 215 nm. The three analytes under investigation were successfully separated and assessed using the recommended protocols. Both methods were validated following the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) recommendations for assessing linearity, range, accuracy, precision, specificity, and robustness. Moreover, the environmental sustainability of the advanced methodologies The assessment has been performed using various instruments, such as the Analytical Eco-Scale, NEMI, GAPI, and AGREE. The utilization of these tools was implemented in order to perform a comprehensive assessment of the environmental sustainability of the methods, as well as to establish a comparison with previously documented approaches. This study was carried out to evaluate the potential environmental implications of the suggested methods and to determine their suitability for concurrent analysis of the examined pharmaceuticals in formula and quality control units.
Fluid-solid Interaction Analysis of Wind Turbine Based on the Improved Actuator Surface Model
Authors: Wang Yu , Lou Min , Liu Xinhan , Liu Zhenlei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Enhancing accuracy and efficiency of fluid-solid interaction solution is crucial as the wind turbine increases in size and output power. An improved actuator surface model is developed based on the three-dimensional plate-element method, the blade tip loss and three-dimensional rotation effects are comprehensively modified and the shear flow and tower shadow effects are further explored. Results show that the improved actuator surface model has advantages in both precision and efficiency for predicting aerodynamic responses. The stress distribution on the pressure and suction faces of the blade is equivalent, and the primary areas of stress concentration are nearly in the middle span. Blade deformation increases with the incoming wind speed, and the maximum deformation occurs at the blade tip.Shear flow effectively decreases the load on wind turbines, which results in lower average thrust and power output, as well as the blade tip displacement and maximum strain. Surface pressure coefficients on wind turbine models with/without a tower are different greatly on the leading edge of suction face. The closer to the blade root, the greater the difference in pressure distribution, the stronger the interference effect, and the greater the impact of the tower shadow effect on the blade's aerodynamic load.
Selective laser sintering PLA/Mg composite scaffold with promoted degradation and enhanced mechanical
Authors: Li Mengqi , Yuan Hai , Ding Wenhao , Du Haocheng , Guo Xiaoping , Li Dongying , Xu Yong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The slow degradation rate of PLA is an urgent problem that needs to be solved to improve its application in tissue engineering. In this study, different proportions of Mg were introduced into PLA to promote and regulate its degradation. A porous composite bone scaffold of PLA and Mg was prepared using selective laser sintering (SLS) technology. After the introduction of Mg, its degradation products consumed the acidic degradation products by the hydrolysis of PLA, which destroyed the integrity of the molecular chain of PLA, accelerated the flow of the molecular chain, and formed a cycle that promoted degradation. The results showed that the weight loss degradation rate of the Mg-added scaffold was nearly seven times higher than that of the pure PLA scaffold within four weeks. In terms of mechanics, the compressive strength of the PLA/3Mg scaffold (5.6 MPa) is nearly twice that of the pure PLA scaffold (2.67 MPa). Therefore, we believe that the introduction of appropriate Mg can better regulate the balance between the degradation and mechanical properties of PLA scaffolds.