bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytopathological grading, as a predictor of histopathological grade, in ductal carcinoma (NOS) of breast, on air‐dried Diff‐Quik smears
Authors: Khan M.Z. , Haleem A. , Al Hassani H. , Kfoury H. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a widely practiced technique in the diagnosis of breast carcinoma, and it is the only diagnostic procedure performed before definitive treatment, at most institutions. While the histological grading of breast carcinoma has become routine in many centers worldwide, the cytopathological grading of breast carcinoma is not commonly used. Grading of breast carcinoma, while the tumor is still in vivo, would be the most ideal and desirable situation, as it would be helpful in the selection of patients for appropriate therapy. The objective of this study, therefore, was to devise a simple system for grading breast carcinoma, based on the cytological features alone. We reviewed 125 cases of breast carcinoma retrospectively, which were initially diagnosed by FNAC, with subsequent histopathological confirmation. These included 105 ductal, 6 lobular, 2 tubular, 1 papillary, and 1 medullary carcinoma. There was 1 ductal carcinoma in situ. Nine cases were rendered insufficient for grading. Thus 105 cases of ductal carcinoma (NOS) were evaluated for final cytological grading. Air‐dried Diff‐Quik‐stained smears were reviewed at least twice independently by four histopathologists and were then compared with the original histological grades. Six cytological features used for grading were found to be statistically significant: cellular pleomorphism, nuclear size, nuclear margin, nucleoli, naked tumor nuclei, and mitoses. A scoring system based on these six essential parameters was used, to classify ductal carcinoma into three cytological grades, which showed close correlation with the established histological grades. In addition, two less consistent, but still important, features were the presence or absence of necrosis and stromal invasion. Another six parameters, including smear cellularity, degree of cell dispersion or clustering, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, presence of tubular structures, cytoplasmic appearance of the tumor cells, and smear background, were not statistically significant. However, these additional parameters were found helpful in assigning the correct grade, in cases with borderline scores. The concordance rate with histology was 100% for grade 1, 98% for grade 2, and 93% for grade 3. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:185–193. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow cytometric S‐phase fraction as a complementary biological parameter for the cytological grading of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Pinto António E. , Cabeçadas José , Nóbrega Sónia D. , Mendonça Evelina 
Published: September 2003

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a technique that can overcome tissue‐sampling disaggregation problems related to DNA flow cytometry analysis. The aim of this study, with long‐term follow‐up (median, 72 mo), was to investigate the prognostic value of DNA ploidy and S‐phase fraction (SPF) in patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and additionally, the relevance of SPF in the grading of NHLs, using FNAC. The series comprised 76 patients with NHL (32 indolent and 44 aggressive tumors, including 14 Burkitt lymphomas) and 30 patients with reactive lymph node enlargement used as a control group. DNA flow cytometry was performed on fresh samples obtained by FNAC. NHL grading was done according to the updated Kiel classification. The 5‐yr overall survival of patients with NHL was determined using the Kaplan‐Meier method. All samples of the control group and 81.6% of the NHLs showed a DNA diploid pattern. Fourteen cases (18.4%) were DNA aneuploid with bimodal distribution: slight hyperdiploidy and near‐tetraploidy. Despite the higher incidence of aneuploidy in aggressive than in indolent tumors (22.7% vs. 12.5%), no correlation between DNA ploidy and NHL grading was observed. In contrast, SPF revealed a strong correlation with grading (P = 0.0001). The mean SPF values varied from 6.5% in indolent NHLs, to 20.4% in aggressive not‐otherwise‐specified (NOS) NHLs, and to 35.3% in Burkitt lymphomas. Nearly all aggressive NHLs had an SPF >15%, while the vast majority of indolent NHLs showed an SPF <10%. The mean SPF value in the reactive node group was 6.6%. NHL grading significantly was correlated to survival (P = 0.004) only if the Burkitt lymphomas, which showed the best prognosis, were analyzed as an independent group. There was a trend that did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.072) for a worse clinical outcome of patients with aneuploid tumors. When mean SPF values were used as cutoff points to divide both indolent NHLs and aggressive NOS NHLs into two proliferative subgroups, no differences in relation to survival were found (P = 0.763 and P = 0.994, respectively). Also, no proliferative difference was verified between indolent NHLs and the reactive lymph node group (P = 0.223). These results show that flow cytometric SPF is a valuable complementary parameter for grading NHLs on FNAC samples, but it appears to give no additional prognostic information on subset analyses. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:194–199. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abnormal Pap smears with negative follow‐up biopsies: Improving cytohistologic correlations
Authors: Bewtra Chhanda , Pathan Muhammad , Hashish Hisham 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA review of the literature noted 11–16% discrepancy rates in cytology and histology diagnoses. We collected 358 cases with abnormal cytology and matching cervical biopsies. There were 123 (30%) discrepant pairs, of which 34 (27%) had negative biopsies following Papanicolaou (Pap) smears with squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL). These constituted our study group. All biopsies were obtained within an average of 5 wk after Pap smears (range, 0–18 wk). After confirming original diagnoses, all biopsies were evaluated for the presence of squamocolumnar junction, proper orientation, gross size of specimen, denudation of superficial mucosa, and inadequate sectioning through blocks. Each block was recut at three levels and reviewed microscopically. Five biopsies (14%) needed reorientation. Nine biopsies (26%) showed more than a 2‐mm difference from gross size. Eleven (32%) new SILs were found. Adequate deep sectioning and proper orientation of tissues can significantly improve cytohistologic correlations. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:200–202. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expressions of human telomerase mRNA component (hTERC) and telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA in effusion cytology
Authors: Hiroi Sadayuki , Nakanishi Kuniaki , Kawai Toshiaki 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTelomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that synthesizes telomeric DNA onto chromosomal ends. Its activity has been reported to be a novel diagnostic marker of malignant potential. However, no study has investigated the diagnostic importance of the expressions of human telomerase mRNA component (hTERC) and telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA in effusion cytology. We investigated the expressions of hTERC and hTERT using in situ hybridization in 20 malignant cytologic specimens from 20 patients with adenocarcinomas disseminating into the pleura or peritoneum, and 16 benign cytologic specimens in pleural or peritoneal fluid (including reactive mesothelial cells) from 16 patients with non‐neoplastic diseases. Expressions of hTERC and hTERT mRNA were detected in 95% and 90% of the 20 malignant cytology specimens, respectively, and were apparent within the cytoplasm of malignant cells. However, no expression was detected in reactive mesothelial cells in the 16 benign cytologic specimens. The expressions of hTERC and hTERT mRNA would appear to be a useful addition to cytology examination for diagnosis based on effusion cytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:212–216. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy as an adjunct to the diagnosis of a rare adnexal tumor of hair follicle origin: Trichoblastoma
Authors: Cheng Lirong , Binder Scott W. , Gajjar Nupoor A. , Hirschowitz Sharon L. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a technique used increasingly for the investigation of primary and metastatic cutaneous tumors. Trichoblastoma is a rare benign skin appendage tumor of hair germ origin. We report the diagnosis by FNAB of a rare giant subcutaneous tumor, trichoblastoma, from an 81‐yr‐old woman with a subcutaneous mass in the interscapular area of her back. The cytologic characteristics of the tumor are discussed in detail in this report. The findings have been compared with the histologic features of the tumor after surgical excision. We have characterized several distinctive cytologic features that may aid in the diagnosis of this rare neoplasm. While most reported cases have been diagnosed from surgical excisional biopsy specimens, FNAB may also be a valuable tool for the accurate diagnosis of trichoblastoma in the proper clinical context. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:225–228. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration of secondary malignancies of the penis: A report of three cases
Authors: Tsanou Elena , Sintou‐Mantela Evdoxia , Pappa Lina , Grammeniatis Evagelos , Malamou‐Mitsi Vassiliki 
Published: September 2003

AbstractMetastatic malignancy to the penis is an uncommon clinicopathologic entity, with only 300 cases reported since 1870. Of the reported cases, 75% were secondary to genitourinary primary tumors. Priapism is the most frequent symptom, although dysuria, ulceration, and node formation have also been described. We report three cases of penile metastatic involvement from primary tumors in the urinary bladder (two cases) and prostate (one case), respectively. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology from the penile nodules was performed in each case. The smears in all cases were highly cellular, and atypical neoplastic cells were observed singly, in clusters, or in papillary formations. The cells were pleomorphic with hyperchromatic nuclei and prominent nucleoli. Immunocytochemistry was performed for keratin 8 and 18 and prostatic‐specific antigen (PSA). In conclusion, although it has rarely been used as a diagnostic tool, FNA of the penis can be proved effective and safe in diagnosing a suspected secondary malignancy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:229–232. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of repeat fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the management of thyroid nodules
Authors: Baloch Zubair , LiVolsi Virginia A. , Jain Pooja , Jain Rishi , Aljada Ibrahim , Mandel Susan , Langer Jill E. , Gupta Prabodh K. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to determine the role of repeat fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the evaluation of thyroid nodules initially classified as “nondiagnostic” due to limited cellularity or as “indeterminate for neoplasm.” We reviewed a cohort of 431 patients (352 females, 79 males; average age 50 yr); 237 patients were classified as “nondiagnostic” due to limited cellularity and 194 as “indeterminate for neoplasm” over a 3‐yr period (1999–2002). Repeat FNAB under ultrasound guidance was performed in 226 patients (226/431, 52%); surgical pathology results were available in 101 patients. Repeat FNAB diagnoses were: benign 70 (31%), follicular/Hürthle cell neoplasm 62 (27%), suspicious for papillary carcinoma 25 (12%), malignant 17 (7%), and nondiagnostic 52 (23%) cases. Surgical follow‐up was available in 101 (45%) patients; malignancy was identified in 50 (49%) patients. The malignancy rate was 51% and 48% in cases in which initial FNAB was nondiagnostic and indeterminate for neoplasm, respectively. There were no false‐positives and all malignant cases undergoing surgery were found to be malignant. This study demonstrates that repeat FNAB is warranted in patients with thyroid nodules diagnosed on initial FNAB as nondiagnostic and indeterminate for neoplasm since it can yield a definitive diagnosis in the majority of cases with an overall malignancy rate of 49%. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:203–206. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology: True histiocytic lymphoma/histiocytic sarcoma
Authors: Miliauskas John R. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTrue histiocytic lymphoma/histiocytic sarcoma is an extremely rare, malignant histiocytic tumor. This report is of such a case in a 52‐yr‐old woman. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) smears showed large pleomorphic nuclei, prominent nucleoli, moderately dense abundant cytoplasm, and scattered cells with cytoplasmic vacuoles and some with reniform nuclei. Small numbers of background lymphocytes and benign histiocytes were present as well as many multinucleated tumor cells. The immunophenotype was CD45, Lysozyme, CD68 (PGMI), CD43, and S‐100 positive. Genotypic analysis revealed a germline configuration. This type of tumor has a large cytological differential diagnosis and immunophenotyping is essential for diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:233–235. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunostaining of cytology smears: A comparative study to identify the most suitable method of smear preparation and fixation with reference to commonly used immunomarkers
Authors: Shidham Vinod B. , Chang Chung‐Che , Rao R. Nagarjun , Komorowski Richard , Chivukula Mamatha 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAs an extension of our previous study (Shidham et al., Acta Cytol 2000;44:1015–1022), we evaluated the interference by methods of cytology smear preparation on the immunoreactivity of cytokeratin‐7, cytokeratin‐20, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, chromogranin, synaptophysin, and vimentin. Scrape cytology smears of 34 fresh specimens submitted for intraoperative consultation were studied. They were processed by three different methods—A: wet‐fixed in 95% ethanol; B: air‐dried saline rehydrated smears fixed in alcoholic formalin; and C: air‐dried saline rehydrated smears fixed in 95% ethanol with 5% acetic acid. The intensity scores of immunostaining were estimated semiquantitatively and compared with corresponding formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue sections (FPTS). Except vimentin, all immunomarkers showed higher intensity scores with method A or B than with method C. Vimentin showed the best results with method A. Our results indicate that the immunoreactivity pattern with each immunomarker is affected by the method of cytology smear processing. Most importantly, method C, which is the desired choice for cytomorphological staining, was not suitable for immunostaining. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:217–221. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimation of hormone receptor status in fine‐needle aspirates and paraffin‐embedded sections from breast cancer using the novel rabbit monoclonal antibodies SP1 and SP2
Authors: Cano Guillerma , Milanezi Fernanda , Leitão Dina , Ricardo Sara , Brito Maria José , Schmitt Fernando Carlos 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe describe a method of immunocytochemical assessment of estrogen receptor (ER) status on alcohol‐fixed smears obtained by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) from breast cancer patients, using a commercially available rabbit monoclonal antibody anti‐ER (SP1) without any antigen retrieval. A series of 40 aspirates were analyzed and the results of ER status were compared with the respective formalin‐fixed tissue using the same procedure and with assessment by the classical method using the mouse monoclonal antibody 6F11 (anti‐ER) with antigen retrieval on paraffin sections. Twenty‐four out of the 40 cases examined were positive at least by two methods and 16 were negative for all three determinations. The results obtained in the ER immunocytochemical assay on aspirates and paraffin sections using the antibody SP1 and those obtained on paraffin sections using the antibody 6F11 were quite similar. In one case the material was insufficient to interpret the reaction in the cytological specimen and only one case, with focal positivity reaction on paraffin sections, was negative in the cytological specimen. The intensity of nuclei staining in cytological smears of breast cancer cells was stronger than that observed by traditional methods. We also assessed progesterone receptor (PR) status on 40 paraffin‐sections from breast cancer patients, using a commercially available rabbit monoclonal antibody anti‐PR (SP2), with the same characteristics described for anti‐ER (SP1). The results were compared with assessment by the classic method with mouse monoclonal antibody 1A6 (PR) on paraffin sections and total agreement was observed. Of the 40 cases examined, 18 were positive and 22 were negative for the two determinations. We conclude that the application of the ER method on alcohol‐fixed smears / paraffin sections with the rabbit monoclonal antibody SP1, and the PR method on paraffin sections with the rabbit monoclonal antibody SP2, provide several advantages, such as high sensitivity and specificity of the reaction, stronger immunostaining, shorter procedures times, and avoidance of antigenic retrieval methods. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:207–211. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, Equilibrium and Kinetic Properties of Gd3+ Complexes of Three DTPA‐Bis(Amide) Derivatives Containing Stable Nitroxide Free Radical Substituents
Authors: Jászberényi Zoltán , Brücher Ernő , Jekő József , Hideg Kálmán , Kálai Tamás , Király Róbert 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTwo new DTPA‐bis(amide) derivatives containing stable nitroxide free radicals, H3L2 and H3L3, were synthesized. The complexation properties of L2 and L3 with Gd3+ were compared with those of H3L1, synthesized earlier. The sums of the protonation constants ΣlogKiH of the DTPA‐bis(amide) derivative ligands with stable nitroxide free radicals are somewhat higher than that for DTPA‐bis(methylamide) (H3L4). The ligands L1, L2, and L3 form complexes with a metal‐to‐ligand ratio of 1:1 with Gd3+ (GdL), while the species formed with Zn2+ are ZnL, ZnHL, ZnH2L, and Zn2L. The formation of the dinuclear complex Zn2L results in a lower selectivity of the ligands for Gd3+ over Zn2+ than was assumed for L4. The relaxivities of the complexes GdL1, GdL2, and GdL3 are close to the sums of the relaxivities of the complex GdL4 and of the free ligands L1, L2, and L3. The relaxivities of GdL1, GdL2, and GdL3 are practically independent of temperature in the 7−30 °C range, which is probably a result of the relatively long lifetime of the water molecules in the inner spheres of the [GdL(H2O)] complexes. The kinetic stabilities of the Gd3+ complexes were characterized by the rates of the exchange reactions taking place between the complexes GdL and Lu3+ or Zn2+. The reactions occur through the proton‐assisted dissociation of the complexes, with the formation of a protonated intermediate. Another pathway is the direct reaction between the Gd3+ complex and Lu3+ or Zn2+, which occurs with the formation of a dinuclear intermediate, GdLM. The exchange reactions proceed about five times more rapidly with Zn2+ than with Lu3+, indicating the importance of the formation of an intermediate containing an N−Zn2+ bond, which is stronger than the N−Lu3+ bond in an intermediate with similar structure. The exchange reactions of the complex GdL3 formed with the disubstituted ligand L3 are significantly slower than those of the complexes of the monosubstituted ligands L1 and L2. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Organic Functional Group Transformations in the Periphery of a Group‐4 Metallocene Complex: 2H‐Pyrrole Formation at a Pendant Boron Lewis Acid
Authors: Hill Michael , Kehr Gerald , Fröhlich Roland , Erker Gerhard 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe allyl‐substituted ansa‐zirconocene dichloride [Me2Si(C5H4)(C5H3CH2CH=CH2)ZrCl2] (1) cleanly adds the borane 9‐BBN to the allyl C=C double bond to yield the corresponding hydroboration product 2. The borane HB(C6F5)2 (3) is also added regioselectively to 1 to yield [Me2Si(C5H4){C5H3(CH2)3B(C6F5)2}ZrCl2] (4). The strongly electrophilic boron Lewis acid in 4 adds 2‐methyl‐4,5‐dihydrooxazole to yield 6. Treatment of 4 with pyrrole results in the formation of the respective borane adduct 7 of the pyrrole tautomer 2H‐pyrrole. The 2H‐pyrrole ligand in 7 is deprotonated at C‐2 upon treatment with pyridine, followed by proton transfer and replacement of pyrrole with formation of the corresponding pyridine adduct 12. The complexes 1, 4 and 7 were characterized by X‐ray diffraction. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Lanthanide Complexes of 2,6‐Dihydroxybenzoic Acid: Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Luminescent Properties of [nBu4N]2[Ln(2,6‐dhb)5(H2O)2] (Ln = Sm and Tb)
Authors: Soares‐Santos Paula C. R. , Nogueira Helena I. S. , Almeida Paz Filipe A. , Sá Ferreira Rute A. , Carlos Luís D. , Klinowski Jacek , Trindade Tito 
Published: September 2003

AbstractLanthanide complexes of 2,6‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,6‐Hdhb), namely [nBu4N]2[Ln(2,6‐dhb)5(H2O)2] [Ln = Sm (1) and Tb (2)], were synthesized and their crystal structures determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. The 2,6‐dhb− ligand coordinates to the lanthanide cations through the carboxylate group in a monodentate or bidentate chelating coordination mode. The compounds were further characterised using IR, Raman, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Photoluminescence measurements were performed on both compounds. In particular, the terbium complex 2 shows intense photoluminescence both in the solid state and in ethanolic solution. Compound 2 also exhibits triboluminescence. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Intercalates of Vanadyl Phosphate with Benzonitrile and Tolunitrile
Authors: Beneš Ludvík , Zima Víztězslav , Melánová Klára , Dybal Jiří , Trchová Miroslava , Matějka Pavel 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIntercalates of vanadyl phosphate with benzonitrile and p‐tolunitrile were prepared and characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, TG analysis, IR and Raman spectroscopy. Both intercalates contain one nitrile molecule per formula unit. The intercalates prepared are moisture sensitive and guest molecules are easily replaced by water molecules. The nitrile molecules are anchored to the host layers by an N−V donor‐acceptor bond. Local structures and interactions appearing in the intercalates were suggested on the base of quantum chemical calculations. These calculations support the results of the IR and Raman spectroscopy, indicating the formation of a C≡N⇄V bond in the intercalates. The calculated basal spacings (11.32 Å for the benzonitrile and 13.00 Å for the tolunitrile intercalates) are in good agreement with the experimental values (11.22 and 13.19 Å, respectively). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
First Examples of Ternary Lanthanide 2,2′‐Diphenyldicarboxylate Complexes: Hydrothermal Syntheses and Structures of Lanthanide Coordination Polymers of 2,2′‐Diphenyldicarboxylic Acid and 1,10‐Phenanthroline
Authors: Wang Yibo , Zheng Xiangjun , Zhuang Wenjuan , Jin Linpei 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn the four new lanthanide coordination polymers {[La2(2,2′‐dpdc)3(phen)(H2O)]·2H2O}n (1), [Eu2(2,2′‐dpdc)3(phen)(H2O)2]n (2), {[Ln2(2,2′‐dpdc)3(phen)2(H2O)2]·4H2O}n [Ln = Tb (3), Yb (4)] (2,2′‐dpdc = 2,2′‐diphenyldicarboxylate, phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline), prepared by hydrothermal synthesis, the 2,2′‐dpdc dianion affords tetradentate, pentadentate, and hexadentate coordination modes. Complex 1 is a two‐dimensional network of infinite 1‐D chains assembled through π−π interactions, with nine‐ and ten‐coordinate La3+, and arranged in wave‐like layers. In 2, Eu3+ possesses nine‐ and ten‐coordinate geometries bridged by 2,2′‐dpdc ligands to give a 3‐D structure. The isomorphous complexes 3 and 4, in which Tb3+ and Yb3+ ions are both nine‐coordinate, have two‐dimensional structures of 1‐D zigzag chains stacked via hydrogen bonds and π−π interactions of phen molecules. The high‐resolution emission spectrum of 2 shows two Eu3+ ion sites, which is consistent with the results of the X‐ray crystal structure analysis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)