bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeographic analysis reveals early Pleistocene divergence and strong genetic structure inEuphorbia phosphorea(Euphorbiaceae), an endemic species to the semi-arid Caatinga Biome
Authors: Hurbath Fernanda , Leal Bárbara S S , Cordeiro Inês , Chaves Cleber J N , Palma-Silva Clarisse 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe largest continuous patch of Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (SDTF) is the Caatinga Biome in north-eastern Brazil, which has the greatest biodiversity and highest degree of endemism compared to any other SDTF patch of South America. Our aim was to conduct a phylogeographic study with Euphorbia phosphorea to understand the evolutionary history of this species endemic to the Caatinga Biome. We studied genetic diversity and structure, demographic dynamics, as well as intraspecific phylogenetic relationships, based on plastidial and nuclear DNA. In addition, we conducted species distribution modelling (SDM) to infer connectivity since the Last Interglacial. Our results recovered a stronger genetic structure for plastidial than for nuclear genome, which probably result from distinct species capability to seed and pollen dispersal, and low levels of genetic diversity within populations. Although SDM results suggest higher connectivity during Last Maximum Glacial, demographic analyses detected no signs of demographic expansion in this period. In agreement with previous studies with rock specialists, our data reveal remarkable among-population differentiation and low within-population genetic diversity, which make populations more prone to drift effects. Furthermore, our results shed light on the importance of early Pleistocene events in the diversification of lineages within the Caatinga Biome, although further comparative work is required.
Improving implant training for physicians and their teams in under-represented regions
Authors: Jeilan Mohamed , Varwani Mohamed Hasham , Raqib Abdul , Ozcan Emin Evren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The burden of cardiovascular disease is increasing globally, with low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) absorbing most of the burden while lacking the necessary healthcare infrastructure to combat the increase. In particular, the disparity in pacemaker implants between high-income countries and LMICs is glaring, partially spurned by reduced numbers of physicians and supporting staff who are trained in pacemaker implant technique. Herein, we will discuss current pacemaker implant training models, outline training frameworks that can be applied to underserved regions, and review adjunctive training techniques that can help supplement traditional training models in LMICs.
Artificial intelligence electrocardiogram as a novel screening tool to detect a newly abnormal left ventricular ejection fraction after anthracycline-based cancer therapy
Authors: Jacobs Johanna E J , Greason Grace , Mangold Kathryn E , Wildiers Hans , Willems Rik , Janssens Stefan , Noseworthy Peter , Lopez-Jimenez Francisco , Voigt Jens-Uwe , Friedman Paul , Van Aelst Lucas , Vandenberk Bert , Attia Zachi Itzhak , Herrmann Joerg 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
Cardiotoxicity is a serious side effect of anthracycline treatment, most commonly manifesting as a reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (EF). Early recognition and treatment have been advocated, but robust, convenient, and cost-effective alternatives to cardiac imaging are missing. Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) techniques applied to electrocardiograms (ECGs) may fill this gap, but no study so far has demonstrated its merit for the detection of an abnormal EF after anthracycline therapy.

Methods and results
Single centre consecutive cohort study of all breast cancer patients with ECG and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) evaluation before and after (neo)adjuvant anthracycline chemotherapy. Patients with HER2-directed therapy, metastatic disease, second primary malignancy, or pre-existing cardiovascular disease were excluded from the analyses as were patients with EF decline for reasons other than anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Primary readout was the diagnostic performance of AI-ECG by area under the curve (AUC) for EFs &lt; 50%. Of 989 consecutive female breast cancer patients, 22 developed a decline in EF attributed to anthracycline therapy over a follow-up time of 9.8 ± 4.2 years. After exclusion of patients who did not have ECGs within 90 days of a TTE, 20 cases and 683 controls remained. The AI-ECG model detected an EF &lt; 50% and ≤ 35% after anthracycline therapy with an AUC of 0.93 and 0.94, respectively.

Conclusion
These data support the use of AI-ECG for cardiotoxicity screening after anthracycline-based chemotherapy. This technology could serve as a gatekeeper to more costly cardiac imaging and could enable patients to monitor themselves over long periods of time.
When structural reforms of labor markets harm productivity. Evidence from the German IAB panel
Authors: Hoxha Sergei , Kleinknecht Alfred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We find firm-level evidence that removing labor market rigidities can harm productivity growth. This holds, in particular, in industries with a high ‘cumulativeness’ of knowledge, i.e., when accumulation of worker-embodied (and often ‘tacit’) knowledge from experience is important for innovative competencies. We conclude that there is a trade-off between the efficient allocation of scarce resources in a static neoclassical perspective and dynamic Schumpeterian efficiency, the latter requiring rigidities in labor markets that are valuable for innovation.
Estimating the abundance of benthic invertebrates from trap-catch data
Authors: Hiddink Jan Geert , Coleman Matthew T , Brouwer Stephen , Bloor Isobel S M , Jenkins Stuart R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Trap fisheries targeting invertebrates are economically important but many of the target species lack stock assessments. One reason for this is the difficulty of estimating density. One important means by which density can be estimated uses the catch rates of baited traps that are spaced at different distances. With declining spacing, the sphere of attraction will increasingly overlap, leading to reductions in catches, allowing for the estimation of the density that is catchable by traps on the seabed. Here we review the analytical methods adopted across a range of studies and find that no consensus on robust methods exists. We propose an analytical method that assumes the trapping area is circular and that the chance of catching an individual declines linearly with distance from the trap. We apply this method to estimate the density and the trapping radius of crabs and gastropods from real and simulated datasets. The method estimated a trapping radius of between 4 and 86 m, and densities that are up to 2.5 times less and 13 times greater than estimates provided in the original sources, illustrating the sensitivity to methodology. In conclusion, we provide and test a standardized method to estimate the density of benthic invertebrates.
Gauss–Manin Connection in Disguise: Quasi Jacobi Forms of Index Zero
Authors: Cao Jin , Movasati Hossein , Villaflor Loyola Roberto 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We consider the moduli space of abelian varieties with two marked points and a frame of the relative de Rham cohomology with boundary at these points compatible with its mixed Hodge structure. Such a moduli space gives a natural algebro-geometric framework for higher genus quasi-Jacobi forms of index zero and their differential equations, which are given as vector fields. In the case of elliptic curves, we compute explicitly the Gauss–Manin connection and such vector fields.
113 Maternal Stress Influences Dam and Progeny Cortisol, Immune, and Behavior
Authors: Main Alexis R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Maternal stress exposes fetuses to increased cortisol concentrations, resulting in lifelong and multi-generational effects on physiology and behavior, especially if stress occurs during sensitive periods of development. This study aimed to validate the prenatal stress model and characterize the immune phenotype of the dam and the stress responsiveness and behavioral phenotype of her progeny. Gilts were randomly assigned to receive either hydrocortisone acetate (HCA) at mid (MID) or late (LATE) gestation for 21 days or placebo (CON). Blood or saliva samples were taken from gilts during the 21 day- treatment period. Blood samples were taken, and behavior was registered in response to weaning from the progeny. Body weights were also recorded. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED with repeated measures (SAS 9.4). Significant treatment*day interactions occurred for salivary and plasma cortisol. The MID had the greatest salivary cortisol at 3- and 21-days post-HCA treatment and the least plasma cortisol at 7- and 21-days post-HCA compared with LATE and CON. Also, at 21 days post-HCA, there was a significant treatment effect where LATE gilts had decreased percentage of neutrophils (P = 0.012), increased percentage of lymphocytes (P = 0.012), and decreased neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.0007) compared with their respective controls. Plasma IgG patterns were differentially affected by HCA treatment. At 7 days post-HCA, IgG decreased among MID gilts but increased at d 21, whereas IgG increased at d 7 and then decreased at d 21 among LATE treated gilts. Colostrum IgA was greater in the CON gilts than in MID or LATE-treated gilts (P = 0.032). Among the pigs born to these gilts, plasma cortisol was similar before weaning, but 24-h post-weaning pigs from CON had greater cortisol than those from MID or LATE (P &lt; 0.05), and leukocyte distribution in response to weaning was also affected by maternal treatment (P &lt; 0.01). Finally, behavioral responses, including social interactions, were affected by maternal treatment (P &lt; 0.001). Taken together, these findings imply that HCA treatment differentially affects the immune function and HPA responsiveness of the dam dependent on when stress is experienced within gestation.
150 Repeatability of Rangeland Behavioral and Social Traits Derived from Gps Collars
Authors: Bergeron John H , Huber Scott , Shane Tracy , Karl Jason , Hess Melanie , Washington-Allen Robert , Cox Mike , Hess Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The ability of an individual to cope with stressors in their environment is going to be paramount in the face of climate change. Rangeland livestock experience harsh conditions including heat and/or cold stress, water and feed restrictions and risk of predation. In extensive management systems, the ability to capture the capacity to cope with stressors of an individual in its environment is encumbered by remote locations with difficult terrain and no access to power or the internet. GPS collars can provide insights into individual land-use behavior, e.g., their impact on the environment or ability to cope with stressors, and social interactions, e.g., mothering ability. GPS collars (n = 112) developed at the University of Idaho were deployed on 57 ewes and 55 lambs (45 ewe-lamb pairs) in an extensive rangeland environment at the Great Basin Research and Extension Center in Eureka, NV. The collars recorded location data every 10 minutes from July 27th to August 18, 2022. Coordinate fixes were successfully recorded 67.11 ± 27.12% of the time and resulted in a kept record occurring every 60 ± 202 minutes. Of the ewe-lamb pair devices, 43 pairs contributed 801 ± 703 paired records (i.e., records that occurred within 5 minutes of each other). GPS coordinate locations, and their respective capture times, allow for the analysis of distance traveled, water usage, dispersion, and ewe-lamb distance. Distance traveled was analyzed on a daily basis with a weighted median distance imputed for all travel times that lasted more than 900 seconds. Dispersion was defined as the distance of an individual from the centroid of the flock in meters, and was transformed to a Z-score based on the position of individuals with GPS coordinates captured within 10 minutes of the measurement of the individual. Ewe-lamb pair distances were cube root transformed. Twin status, dam line, age, and day were fitted as fixed classes to estimate the repeatability of records for mature ewes. Repeatability estimates of daily distance traveled, daily water usage, and daily dispersion were 0.22 ± 0.05, 0.30 ± 0.06 and 0.10 ± 0.03, respectively. Daily ewe-lamb distances had a repeatability estimate of 0.45 ± 0.08. Day of recording was significant for daily distance traveled (P-value = 2.72×10-4) and water usage (P-value = 1.06×10-3). No other effects were significant in any of the models. In conclusion, PLF tools are an enabling technology that allow for passive data capture in remote locations. Our findings suggest that GPS collars can elucidate a variety of land use and social behavior traits that could serve as meaningful criteria for selection in extensive livestock production settings. Selection on these indicators of resilience may increase livestock productivity and welfare by increasing heat stress tolerance via the analysis of novel behavioral traits seen on extensive rangelands.
159 Design and Development Mechanics of a Random Forest-Based Decision-Tree Model for Sub-Acute Rumen Acidosis Management in Feedlots
Authors: Kaniyamattam Karun , Veettil Vishnudas , Rivera Madeline E , Batista Luiz Diaz , Tedeschi Luis O 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sub-acute rumen acidosis (SARA) is a ruminal digestive disorder with a prevalence of 24 to 30% in United States-based feedlots and is responsible for a lost economic opportunity of approximately $1 billion annually. Our objective for this study was to develop a decision tool which feedlot decision-makers could use to make routine managemental interventions that can mitigate the prevalence of SARA. The continuous reduction in rumen pH (pH &lt; 5.6) is the primary causative factor that triggers its onset. However, this prolonged lower rumen pH results from the interaction between multiple other etiological factors. We developed a random forest-based decision tree prediction tool which used seventeen plausible etiological factors, which we broadly classified under four categories, namely 1) animal factors, 2) nutritional factors, 3) environmental factors, and 4) management factors (Table 1), to predict the probability of SARA in a typical US feedlot. A synthetic dataset of 100 observations was created based on a survey conducted among subject matter experts, including ruminant nutritionists, epidemiologists, and decision modelers to chart out the alleged relationship between the above seventeen etiological factors and the probability of a beef cattle population contracting SARA. The random forest model (R, 2021) was used to train as well as test the boot-strapped (80:20 split) synthetic dataset. Ability of random forest to limit overfitting without substantially increasing error due to bias contributed to the high positive predictive value (84%) of the model. Our results indicated that beef yearling cattle with mild temperament, with a rumen pH maintained above 5.6, while being fed three or more times a day, for more than 150 days on concentrate feed, with a stocking density greater than 7 m2, with excellent preconditioning, fed either sorghum or oats which are tempered with a physically effective fiber of 15% and above, under ambient temperature and humidity, along with the feeding of prebiotics, probiotics and ionophores had the least probability to contract SARA. In conclusion, our model can be used by feedlot decision modelers to test different permutations and combinations of these seventeen etiological factors customized to their respective operations to predict the probability of SARA in their herd. Future studies will improve the accuracy of the model by training it on more robust epidemiological datasets sourced from beef herds located in multiple geographic regions.
155 Impact of Ambient Temperature on Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Vaccination Response
Authors: Blaske Sarah , Epperson Kaitlin M , Quail Lacey K , Ketchum Jaclyn N , Guy Chloey P , Long Charles R , Perry George A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Vaccines are created to help the immune system fight pathogens faster and more effectively, but little is known on how season of the year impacts the immune system response to vaccination. This research was conducted to evaluate how ambient temperature (summer vs fall) impacted antibody production and immune cell type changes in Brahman and Brahman-influenced cows. Cows (n = 18) were immunized (2 mL I.M.) with a combination Modified Live Vaccine for Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) and Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus (IBR) on d 0 in either July 2022 (Summer; n = 12) or November 2022 (Fall; n = 6). Blood samples (30 mL/cow) were collected on d -3, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14 post vaccination and transferred to 50 mL conical tubes containing EDTA to separate plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Density gradient centrifugation was used to isolate PBMC. Serum samples were also collected (10 mL/cow) on d -3, 0, 14. Cells were incubated with propidium iodide and antibody surface cell markers for CD4, CD8, CD25, CD14, CD86, and CD335. An Amnis FlowSight flow cytometer was used to determine the percentage of each cell type in the PBMC. Concentrations of antibodies for BVDV and IBR were determined in serum samples collected pre-vaccination (d -3 and 0) and on d 14. Differences in antibody titers and leukocyte populations were analyzed as repeated measures using the MIXED model procedure in SAS. There were no differences in IBR (P = 0.2) or BVDV (P = 0.47) antibody concentrations between seasons. Percentage of antigen presenting cells (CD14+) was greater in the Summer compared with the Fall (P = 0.01; Summer=11.7 ± 1%; Fall = 7.3 ± 1.1%), but natural killer cells (CD335+) were greater in the Fall compared with the Summer (P = 0.002; Summer = 0.6 ± 0.6%; Fall = 4.4±0.7%). There was a significant treatment by time interaction for antigen presenting cells (P = 0.04), T-helper cells (CD4+; P = 0.01), activated T-helper cells (CD4+CD25+; P ≤ 0.0001), activated cytotoxic T-cells (CD8+CD25+; P = 0.03), activated T-cells (CD25+; P ≤ 0.0001), and natural killer cells (P ≤ 0.0001), but there was no difference between seasons in activated antigen presenting cells (CD14+CD86+; P = 0.19). From pre-vaccination to d 14, natural killer cells were elevated during the Fall compared with the Summer on all days (P = 0.04). Antigen presenting cells were greater in the Summer compared with the Fall on d 4, 10 and 14 (P &lt; 0.02). T-helper cells, activated T-helper cells, activated cytotoxic T-cells, and activated T-cells increased post-vaccination in the Fall, but did not change during the Summer. Thus, ambient temperature (summer vs fall) did not directly impact production of antibodies for IBR or BVDV but did induce changes in specific immune cells following vaccination.
105 The Effects of Roughage Neutral Detergent Fiber Concentration and Bulk Density of Steam-Flaked Corn on Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Liver Abscesses in Finishing Beef Steers
Authors: McDaniel Zach S , Galyean Michael , Broadway Rand , Burdick Sanchez Nicole C , Carroll Jeff A , Hanratty Ashlee Noelle , Hoffman Ashley A , Dornbach Colten W , Line Dalton J , Smock Taylor M , Hales Kristin E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We evaluated the effects of dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration from alfalfa hay and bulk density of steam-flaked corn (SFC) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and liver abscesses in finishing beef steers. Crossbred beef steers (n = 214; 60 pens; 10 pens/treatment; initial BW 417 ± 11.9 kg) were blocked by BW and assigned randomly to treatments and fed an average of 112 d. The treatments were arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial and consisted of three NDF concentrations from alfalfa hay (3, 4.5, or 6%) and 335 g/L (10.9 kg/bu) or 425 g/L (14.5 kg/bu) steam-flaked corn (SFC; 33 or 69% starch availability, respectively). Steers were harvested at a commercial abattoir where carcass data and livers scores were collected. Performance and carcass data were analyzed with PROC MIXED of SAS with pen as the experimental unit. Pen quality grade distribution and liver scores were analyzed as binomial proportions using PROC GLIMMIX. No interactions between roughage NDF and bulk density of SFC were noted (P &gt; 0.18); therefore, main effects are presented. Live and carcass-adjusted growth performance did not differ throughout the study (P ≥ 0.28), except for an increase in dry matter intake by steers fed 6% vs. 3 or 4.5% roughage NDF from d 70 to 105 (P = 0.02). Marbling score was greater (P = 0.05) for steers fed 3% than for 4.5 or 6% roughage NDF, and steers fed 335 g/L SFC tended to have a larger longissimus muscle area (P = 0.10) than those fed 425 g/L SFC. Presence of LA at harvest was 17.9 and 23.4% less (P &lt; 0.01) in the steers fed 4.5 and 6% roughage NDF, respectively, than for those fed 3% roughage NDF. Similarly, the presence of A+ abscesses was greater (P = 0.03) in steers fed 3% roughage NDF than in those fed 4.5 or 6% roughage NDF. Liver abscesses were 11.7% less (P = 0.05) in steers fed 425 vs. 335 g/L SFC. Results suggest that increasing roughage NDF and bulk density of SFC are dietary strategies to decrease the presence of liver abscesses at harvest without negatively affecting growth performance.
101 Fusobacteria,Bacteroidetes, and more! Linking the Microbial Communities in Bovine Liver Abscesses to the Gut
Authors: Pinnell Lee , Daniel Young J , Thompson Tyler , Wolfe Cory , Bryant Tony C , Nair Mahesh , Richeson John T , Morley Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Liver abscesses (LAs) are a common and important problem in cattle because of their association with decreased growth and production, low carcass quality, and the significant economic losses associated with liver condemnation. Fusobacterium necrophorum has traditionally been considered the primary etiologic agent of LA formation in cattle, but recent evidence has demonstrated that LA microbial communities are far more polymicrobial than previously believed. Here, we characterize microbial communities within multiple LAs from the same animal, provide evidence that some LAs may be seeded from the hindgut, identify biomarkers throughout the gut-liver axis that predict the presence of LAs, and demonstrate the impact of tylosin on microbial communities in the rumen, ileum, and colon. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to characterize communities from LA purulent material, as well as from the luminal and epithelia, communities in three gut locations (rumen, ileum, colon) within the same animals. A combination of QIIME2 and phyloseq were used to analyze sequence data, and microbial community composition was compared based on generalized UniFrac distances. Taxa discriminant of LA occurrence were identified using linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe). Despite being the most abundant genus when averaged across all LA communities, Fusobacterium spp. was not the predominant taxa in the majority of LAs. In fact, members of Bacteriodetes (largely Bacteroides, Porphyromonas) were the predominant taxa in more than one-half of all LA communities. Importantly, multiple LAs from the same animal had remarkably similar community structure, and multiple taxa including Bifidobacterium spp., widely considered beneficial to gut barrier function in humans, were differentially abundant in both the foregut and hindgut between cattle that did and did not have LAs. Further, tylosin had little impact on the diversity and composition of microbial communities within LAs but did alter communities in the rumen and small intestine. In particular, members of the family Lachnospiraceae were more abundant in the rumen and hindgut of animals given tylosin. Together, these results provide additional evidence challenging the traditional theory of LA etiology (that bacterial translocation occurs exclusively from the rumen) and provides evidence that barrier dysfunction in the gut may be the underlying cause of LA formation.