bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La regulación de la ética en la función pública en Panamá, entre luces y sombras
Authors: Gasnell Acuña Carlos 
Published: October 2023

Se aborda desde la construcción de la función pública en el Reino Unido, las recomendaciones del Informe Nolan en materia de ética pública, así como el informe de Nadal en Francia, el Código de Valores en Canadá, y el Código Ético y de Buena Gestión del Empleo Público. Los mismos marcan la necesidad de fortalecer la ética en la función pública, brindando así la aprobación de Código de Ética o de Conducta del Servidor Público que incide, de acuerdo al autor, en los nuevos elementos de la modernidad en la gestión pública.
The Role of Quality Assurance Criteria and Accreditation in Knowledge Production
Authors: Rahimi Atiqullah , Ayoubi Mir Osman 
Published: October 2023

Quality assurance and accreditation are essential components of higher education in Afghanistan. Through the evaluation of knowledge-producing institutions and the proper alignment of quality enhancement criteria, valuable steps towards scientific innovation in the country have been taken. Specific indicators have been defined for knowledge production and quality enhancement. These indicators are effectively implemented through unity and adherence to scientific methods to produce practical knowledge. Achieving high-quality knowledge production without internal unity in these processes, which include proper alignment of criteria such as evaluations, requirements, missions, and strategies; community engagement; governance; leadership and management; financial and administrative resources; academic programs; research; faculty and staff; student experiences; quality enhancement and improvement; libraries and information resources; teaching; technology; facilities; perspectives; policies; culture; economy; power; thinking; interactions; and creating a space for dialogue, is not possible. There are also obstacles in knowledge production that would be difficult to overcome without adherence to scientific methods.
In this research, we found that the alignment of quality enhancement criteria for higher education in Afghanistan, including a strategic program with foresight regarding the realities and existing situations in knowledge-producing institutions, provides effective strategies and tactics for innovation in knowledge. These institutions, through community engagement by educating specialized and well-equipped professionals with up-to-date knowledge, investing in creating a suitable environment for scientific research by professors, employees, and students, and providing facilities and technological equipment to facilitate learning, have brought about significant scientific transformation in the higher education system.
The approach to understanding security based on the foundations of Islamic jurisprudence and the prominent schools of thought in security studies.
Authors: Fazli Mirza Hussein 
Published: October 2023

The central question addressed in this paper revolves around how the process of achieving security aligns with the teachings of Islamic jurisprudence. It also explores the comparative prominence of different approaches to security across various schools of thought. In the process of seeking security, different schools employ their unique approaches, ranging from "force" and "authority" to "persuasion." Within democratic frameworks, the term "persuasion" is often used. However, within liberal schools of thought, a dual policy is observed, where they leverage the element of "persuasion" against liberals and the element of "force" against non-liberal countries. Additionally, in power-centric approaches, the primary objective is the acquisition of power, thus advocating for a "forceful" approach in this discourse. Finally, in the Sharia-based approach, which heavily revolves around the dimension of authority, achieving security in Islam encompasses various aspects, including political, military, cultural, economic, and environmental security.
In political security, ensuring justice and fairness, consultation, and providing necessary freedoms in relevant areas make security possible. In social security, practicing good deeds, forbidding wrongdoing, advising, reminding, and respecting people's privacy facilitate security. Cultural security, in Islamic political jurisprudence, is achieved through migration, invitation, enjoining good, forbidding evil, and adherence to religious teachings. Economic security, through establishing social justice, fair wealth distribution, and combating factors endangering economic security, becomes attainable. Environmental security, by adhering to the jurisprudential rules in this field, is also feasible.
PERADABAN EKONOMI PADA MASA DINASTI ABBASIYAH
Authors: Saefuloh Irfan , Lestari Linda , Solihin Dadin 
Published: October 2023

Sejarah Islam memiliki makna yang mendalam bagi suatu kebudayaan, bermula dari kemunculan, perkembangan, hingga kehancuran sebuah kekhalifahan. Pasca keruntuhan dinasti Umayyah dalam kepemimpinan Marwan bin Muhammad (745 M) di Damaskus. Muncul satu dinasti yang sangat berpengaruh dalam peradaban Islam hingga membawa Islam mencapai puncak keemasaannya yakni Dinasti Abbasiyah. Dengan menggunakan metode kajian pustaka yang terdiri dari sejumlah jurnal, buku dan sumber lainnya. Artikel ini mengkaji bagaimana peradaban Islam dalam bidang ekonomi pada masa dinasti Abbasiyah. Bahwa pada masa kekhalifahan Abbasiyah Islam dikenal kaya akan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dengan muncul berbagai tokoh muslim dan perpusatakaan terbesar, karena fokus utama dari kekhalifahan Abbasiyah adalah pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan perekonomian, bukan perluasan wilayah. Kegiatan perekonomian yang digeluti pada masa Abbasiyah adalah industrialisasi, perdagangan, pertanian dan perkebunan yang didukung penuh oleh pemerintah, sehingga kegiatan tersebut menjadi sumber pengasilan utama selain dari pajak yang dikelola oleh pemerintahan. Dinar, dirham dan cek merupakan alat pembayaran dalam kegiatan perekonomian pada masa itu. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa peradaban Islam pada masa dinasti Abbasiyah berupa perkembangan ilmu penegtahuan sangat berdampak pada pembangunan dan perkembangan ekonomi yang sangat pesat, Baghdad menjadi kota peradaban yang terkenal di dunia. Namun dinasti yang kokoh hingga lima abad itu harus mengalami kemunduran dan kehancuran karena berbagai faktor internal dan eksternal.
Kata Kunci: Peradaban, Keemasan, Ekonomi, Dinasti Abbasiyah.
Parental emotional neglect and academic procrastination: the mediating role of future self-continuity and ego depletion
Authors: Ma Chensen , Song Jingjing 
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of parental emotional neglect on the academic procrastination of late adolescents and further analyze the mediating role of future self-continuity and ego depletion. This study included 609 college students, 344 males and 265 females, ranging in age from 17 to 21 years (M = 18.39,SD = 0.82), who responded to four questionnaires measuring parental emotional neglect, academic procrastination, future self-continuity, and ego depletion, respectively. The results showed that future self-continuity and ego depletion mediated the association between parental emotional neglect and late adolescents’ academic procrastination in a serial pattern. Perceived higher levels of parental emotional neglect correlated with lower future self-continuity and higher ego depletion in these late adolescents, leading to higher levels of academic procrastination.
Multitarget Stool RNA Test for Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Barnell Erica K. , Wurtzler Elizabeth M. , La Rocca Julie , Fitzgerald Thomas , Petrone Jessica , Hao Yansheng , Kang Yiming , Holmes Faith L. , Lieberman David A. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceNoninvasive tests for colorectal cancer screening must include sensitive detection of colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions. These tests must be validated for the intended-use population, which includes average-risk individuals 45 years or older.ObjectiveTo evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a noninvasive, multitarget stool RNA (mt-sRNA) test (ColoSense) test compared with results from a colonoscopy.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis phase 3 clinical trial (CRC-PREVENT) was a blinded, prospective, cross-sectional study to support a premarket approval application for a class III medical device. A total of 8920 participants were identified online using social media platforms and enrolled from June 2021 to June 2022 using a decentralized nurse call center. All participants completed the mt-sRNA test, which incorporated a commercially available fecal immunochemical test (FIT), concentration of 8 RNA transcripts, and participant-reported smoking status. Stool samples were collected prior to participants completing a colonoscopy at their local endoscopy center. The mt-sRNA test results (positive or negative) were compared with index lesions observed on colonoscopy. Over the course of 12 months, individuals 45 years and older were enrolled in the clinical trial using the decentralized recruitment strategy. Participants were enrolled from 49 US states and obtained colonoscopies at more than 3800 different endoscopy centers.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes included the sensitivity of the mt-sRNA test for detecting colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas and the specificity for no lesions on colonoscopy.ResultsThe mean (range) age of participants was 55 (45-90) years, with 4% self-identified as Asian, 11% as Black, and 7% as Hispanic. Of the 8920 eligible participants, 36 (0.40%) had colorectal cancer and 606 (6.8%) had advanced adenomas. The mt-sRNA test sensitivity for detecting colorectal cancer was 94%, sensitivity for detecting advanced adenomas was 46%, and specificity for no lesions on colonoscopy was 88%. The mt-sRNA test showed significant improvement in sensitivity for colorectal cancer (94% vs 78%; McNemar P = .01) and advanced adenomas (46% vs 29%; McNemar P &amp;lt; .001) compared with results of the FIT.Conclusions and RelevanceIn individuals 45 years and older, the mt-sRNA test showed high sensitivity for colorectal neoplasia (colorectal cancer and advanced adenoma) with significant improvement in sensitivity relative to the FIT. Specificity for no lesions on colonoscopy was comparable to existing molecular diagnostic tests.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04739722
Endogenous and Exogenous Thyrotoxicosis and Risk of Incident Cognitive Disorders in Older Adults
Authors: Adams Roy , Oh Esther S. , Yasar Sevil , Lyketsos Constantine G. , Mammen Jennifer S. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceThyroid hormone is among the most common prescriptions in the US and up to 20% may be overtreated. Endogenous hyperthyroidism may be a risk factor for dementia, but data are limited for iatrogenic thyrotoxicosis.ObjectiveTo determine whether thyrotoxicosis, both endogenous and exogenous, is associated with increased risk of cognitive disorders.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study performed a longitudinal time-varying analysis of electronic health records for patients receiving primary care in the Johns Hopkins Community Physicians Network between January 1, 2014, and May 6, 2023. Patients 65 years and older with at least 2 visits 30 days apart to their primary care physicians were eligible. None of the 65 931 included patients had a history of low thyrotropin (TSH) level or cognitive disorder diagnoses within 6 months of their first visit. Data analysis was performed from January 1 through August 5, 2023.ExposureThe exposure variable was a low TSH level, characterized based on the clinical context as due to endogenous thyrotoxicosis, exogenous thyrotoxicosis, or unknown cause, excluding those attributable to acute illness or other medical factors such as medications.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe outcome measure was cognitive disorders, including mild cognitive impairment and all-cause dementia, to improve sensitivity and account for the underdiagnosis of dementia in primary care.ResultsA total of 65 931 patients were included in the analysis (median [IQR] age at first visit, 68.0 [65.0-74.0] years; 37 208 [56%] were female; 46 106 [69.9%] were White). Patients exposed to thyrotoxicosis had cognitive disorder incidence of 11.0% (95% CI, 8.4%-14.2%) by age 75 years vs 6.4% (95% CI, 6.0%-6.8%) for those not exposed. After adjustment, all-cause thyrotoxicosis was significantly associated with risk of cognitive disorder diagnosis (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.18-1.64; P &amp;lt; .001) across age groups. When stratified by cause and severity, exogenous thyrotoxicosis remained a significant risk factor (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.10-1.63; P = .003) with point estimates suggestive of a dose response.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study among patients 65 years and older, a low TSH level from either endogenous or exogenous thyrotoxicosis was associated with higher risk of incident cognitive disorder. Iatrogenic thyrotoxicosis is a common result of thyroid hormone therapy. With thyroid hormone among the most common prescriptions in the US, understanding the negative effects of overtreatment is critical to help guide prescribing practice.
Prenatal Lead Exposure, Genetic Factors, and Cognitive Developmental Delay
Authors: Jia Zhenxian , Zhang Hongling , Yu Ling , Qiu Feng , Lv Yiqing , Guan Jing , Gang Huiqing , Zuo Jingwen , Zheng Tongzhang , Liu Hongxiu , Xia Wei , Xu Shunqing , Li Yuanyuan 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceAlthough the effects of lead (Pb) exposure on neurocognition in children have been confirmed, the individual associations of prenatal Pb exposure and its interaction with genetic factors on cognitive developmental delay (CDD) in children remain unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of prenatal Pb exposure and its interaction with genetic factors with CDD risk.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsWomen in Wuhan, China, who had an expected delivery date between March 2014 and December 2017, were recruited for this prospective cohort study. Children were assessed for cognitive development at approximately 2 years of age (March 2016 to December 2019). Maternal venous blood, cord blood, and venous blood from children were collected in a longitudinal follow-up. Data analysis was performed from March 2022 to February 2023.ExposurePrenatal Pb exposure, and genetic risk for cognitive ability evaluated by polygenic risk score constructed with 58 genetic variations.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCognitive developmental delay of children aged approximately 2 years was assessed using the Chinese revision of the Bayley Scale of Infant Development. A series of multivariable logistic regressions was estimated to determine associations between prenatal Pb exposure and CDD among children with various genetic backgrounds, adjusting for confounding variables.ResultsThis analysis included 2361 eligible mother-child pairs (1240 boys [52.5%] and 1121 girls [47.5%]; mean [SD] ages of mothers and children, 28.9 [3.6] years and 24.8 [1.0] months, respectively), with 292 children (12.4%) having CDD. Higher maternal Pb levels were significantly associated with increased risk of CDD (highest vs lowest tertile: odds ratio, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.13-2.13), adjusting for demographic confounders. The association of CDD with maternal Pb levels was more evident among children with higher genetic risk (highest vs lowest tertile: odds ratio, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.48-4.55), adjusting for demographic confounders.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, prenatal Pb exposure was associated with an increased risk of CDD in children, especially in those with a high genetic risk. These findings suggest that prenatal Pb exposure and genetic background may jointly contribute to an increased risk of CDD for children and indicate the possibility for an integrated strategy to assess CDD risk and improve children’s cognitive ability.
Newborn and Early Infant Outcomes Following Maternal COVID-19 Vaccination During Pregnancy
Authors: Jorgensen Sarah C. J. , Drover Samantha S. M. , Fell Deshayne B. , Austin Peter C. , D’Souza Rohan , Guttmann Astrid , Buchan Sarah A. , Wilson Sarah E. , Nasreen Sharifa , Schwartz Kevin L. , Tadrous Mina , Wilson Kumanan , Kwong Jeffrey C. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceThe study team previously showed that maternal mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy confers protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19–related hospital admission in newborns and young infants. In this study, the study team evaluated newborn and early infant safety outcomes following maternal messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy, for which there is limited comparative epidemiological evidence.ObjectiveTo determine if maternal mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy is associated with adverse newborn and early infant outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based retrospective cohort study took place in Ontario, Canada, using multiple linked health administrative databases. Singleton live births with an expected delivery date between May 1, 2021, and September 2, 2022, were included. Data were analyzed from January 2023 through March 2023.ExposureMaternal mRNA COVID-19 vaccination (1 or more doses) during pregnancyMain Outcomes and MeasuresSevere neonatal morbidity (SNM), neonatal death, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, neonatal readmission, and hospital admission up to 6 months of age. The study team calculated inverse probability of treatment weighted risk ratios (RRs) and fit weighted Cox proportional hazards regression models comparing outcomes in infants of mothers who received COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy with those who received no COVID-19 vaccine doses before delivery.ResultsIn total, 142 006 infants (72 595 male [51%]; mean [SD] gestational age at birth, 38.7 [1.7] weeks) were included; 85 670 were exposed to 1 or more COVID-19 vaccine doses in utero (60%). Infants of vaccinated mothers had lower risks of SNM (vaccine exposed 7.3% vs vaccine unexposed 8.3%; adjusted RR [aRR], 0.86; 95% CI, 0.83-0.90), neonatal death (0.09% vs 0.16%; aRR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.33-0.65), and NICU admission (11.4% vs 13.1%; aRR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.83-0.89). There was no association between maternal vaccination during pregnancy and neonatal readmission (5.5% vs 5.1%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.98-1.09) or 6-month hospital admission (8.4% vs 8.1%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.96-1.05).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada, maternal mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was associated with lower risks of SNM, neonatal death, and NICU admission. In addition, neonatal and 6-month readmissions were not increased in infants of mothers vaccinated during pregnancy.
Vector Substrates: Idea, Design, and Realization
Authors: Harbola Varun , Wu Yu‐Jung , Hensling Felix V. E. , Wang Hongguang , van Aken Peter A. , Mannhart Jochen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSubstrates are essential in thin‐film deposition, yet they do not always meet the requirements of a given application. For example, they might be prohibitively expensive or not even available with the necessary crystal lattice structures. This paper introduces the innovative concept of “vector substrates,” where the template layer for thin‐film growth, referred to as vector, is chemically and crystallographically independent of the bulk of the substrate. This approach reduces material costs and offers unparalleled flexibility. The fabrication of vector substrates leverages thin‐film membrane technology. The process begins by growing a template layer on a parent substrate. The template layer is then transferred onto a carrier substrate, thereby generating the vector substrate. Vector substrate technology enables researchers and manufacturers with thin‐film deposition facilities to fabricate optimized substrates that would otherwise be difficult to obtain using bulk single‐crystal growth technology. An in‐depth discussion of the benefits and limitations of vector substrates compared with traditional substrates is provided. Furthermore, the practical viability of the concept is demonstrated by fabricating sets of vector substrates. Although this concept is still in its infancy, it has a significant potential to complement conventional substrates for future advancements in substrate technology and thin‐film deposition.
Spinel‐Structured High‐Entropy Oxide Nanofibers as Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution in Alkaline Solution: Effect of Metal Combination and Calcination Temperature
Authors: Triolo Claudia , Moulaee Kaveh , Ponti Alessandro , Pagot Gioele , Di Noto Vito , Pinna Nicola , Neri Giovanni , Santangelo Saveria 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDefect‐engineering is a viable strategy to improve the activity of nanocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), whose slow kinetics still strongly limits the broad market penetration of electrochemical water splitting as a sustainable technology for large‐scale hydrogen production. High‐entropy spinel oxides (HESOs) are in focus due to their great potential as low‐cost OER electrocatalysts. In this work, electrospun HESO nanofibers (NFs), based on (Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni), (Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Zn) and (Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Zn) combinations, with granular architecture and oxygen‐deficient surface are produced by calcination at low temperature (600 or 500 °C), characterized by a combination of benchtop analytical techniques and evaluated as electrocatalysts for OER in alkaline medium. The variation of HESO composition and calcination temperature produces complex and interdependent changes in the morphology of the fibers, crystallinity and inversion degree of the spinel oxide, concentration of the oxygen‐vacancies, cation distribution in the lattice, which mirror on different electrochemical properties of the fibers. The best electrocatalytic performance (overpotential and Tafel slope at 10 mA cm−2: 360 mV and 41 mV dec−1, respectively) pertains to (Cr1/5Mn1/5Fe1/5Co1/5Ni1/5)3O4 NFs calcined at 500 °C and results from the lower outer 3d‐electron number, eg filling closer to its optimal value and higher occupation of 16d sites by the most redox‐active species.
Stiffness‐Switchable, Biocatalytic pH‐Responsive DNA‐Functionalized Polyacrylamide Cryogels and their Mechanical Applications
Authors: Davidson‐Rozenfeld Gilad , Chen Xinghua , Qin Yunlong , Ouyang Yu , Sohn Yang Sung , Li Zhenzhen , Nechushtai Rachel , Willner Itamar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe large‐pore interconnected channels in cryogels, allow convectional flow and rapid mass‐transport of solute constituents between the solution and cryogel polymer framework, as compared to slower, diffusionally‐controlled mass‐transport in small‐pore hydrogels. These features are applied to develop enzyme‐loaded polyacrylamide (pAAm) cryogels, and glucose oxidase (GOx)‐loaded pH‐responsive DNA‐based pAAm cryogels, revealing enhanced biocatalytic transformations, enhanced temporal stiffness changes, and mechanical bending functions, as compared to analog hydrogels. DNA‐based pAAm cryogel/hydrogel matrices, revealing pH‐switchable stiffness properties through reversible reconfiguration of DNA‐bridging units into i‐motif structures, are introduced. Enhanced switchable stiffness changes of DNA‐based pAAm cryogels, as compared to analog hydrogels, are demonstrated upon subjecting the cryogel/hydrogel matrices to auxiliary pH‐changes, or by integration of GOx into the frameworks, and driving pH‐changes through GOx‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid. Enhanced stiffness changes of pAAm cryogels represent a major advance to control the mechanical properties of cryogels and are attributed to the convectionally‐controlled mass‐transport in the cryogel matrices. Moreover, bilayer constructs consisting of poly‐N‐isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM) cryogels and pH‐responsive DNA‐based pAAm cryogel or hydrogel structures are constructed. Enhanced pH/glucose triggered mechanical bending rates of the pNIPAM cryogel/pAAm cryogel or pNIPAM cryogel/GOx‐loaded pAAm cryogel, as compared to analog pNIPAM cryogel/pAAm hydrogel frameworks are demonstrated.