bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cupferron impairs the growth and virulence of Escherichia coli clinical isolates
Authors: Palma Francesca , Dell'Annunziata Federica , Folliero Veronica , Foglia Francesco , Marca Roberta Della , Zannella Carla , De Filippis Anna , Franci Gianluigi , Galdiero Massimiliano 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aims
Multidrug resistance is a worrying problem worldwide. The lack of readily available drugs to counter nosocomial infections requires the need for new interventional strategies. Drug repurposing represents a valid alternative to using commercial molecules as antimicrobial agents in a short time and with low costs. Contextually, the present study focused on the antibacterial potential of the ammonium salt N-nitroso-N-phenylhydroxylamine (Cupferron), evaluating the ability to inhibit microbial growth and influence the main virulence factors.

Methods and results
Cupferron cytotoxicity was checked via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and hemolysis assays. The antimicrobial activity was assessed through the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test, broth microdilution method, and time-killing kinetics. Furthermore, the impact on different stages of the biofilm life cycle, catalase, swimming, and swarming motility was estimated via MTT and crystal violet (CV) assay, H2O2 sensitivity, and motility tests, respectively. Cupferron exhibited &lt;15% cytotoxicity at 200 µg/mL concentration. The 90% bacterial growth inhibitory concentrations (MIC90) values recorded after 24 hours of exposure were 200 and 100 µg/mL for multidrug-resistant (MDR) and sensitive strains, respectively, exerting a bacteriostatic action. Cupferron-treated bacteria showed increased susceptibility to biofilm production, oxidative stress, and impaired bacterial motility in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusions
In the new antimicrobial compounds active research scenario, the results indicated that Cupferron could be an interesting candidate for tackling Escherichia coli infections.
Grit and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer: Mediating Role of Health Self-Efficacy and Treatment Adherence
Authors: McKelvey Elise R , Zelikovksy Nataliya , Psihogios Alexandra M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Challenges with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are common among adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer. Literature on HRQOL has largely been focused on individual deficits, rather than individual strengths. The present study investigated the relations between a strengths-based concept called grit (i.e., perseverance and passion for long-term goals), self-management (i.e., health self-efficacy and adherence), and HRQOL among AYA with cancer.

Methods
Sixty-seven AYA receiving cancer treatment (Mage=17.1; 50.7% female; 25.4% Black, Hispanic, Asian, or a race other than white) and their caregivers (73.0% mothers) completed a semistructured, validated interview about adherence. AYA also completed self-report questionnaires about perceptions of their grit, health self-efficacy, and HRQOL.

Results
After controlling for sex, health self-efficacy (i.e., a cognitive self-management variable) mediated the relation between grit and HRQOL (95% confidence interval = .74–6.52). When testing adherence to medications, diet, or physical activity as mediators of the relation between grit and HRQOL, mediation models were non-significant.

Conclusions
Among AYA with cancer, this study identified grit as an individual strength associated with more positive self-management beliefs, which in turn, related to better HRQOL. This adds to a growing body of literature supporting the need for resiliency-oriented, strengths-based approaches to AYA HRQOL research. Future directions include exploring the role of caregiver grit in relation to AYA cancer self-management, given that caregivers have demonstrated a high degree of involvement in AYA cancer care.
Fundamental scaling relationships revealed in the optical light curves of tidal disruption events
Authors: Mummery Andrew , van Velzen Sjoert , Nathan Edward , Ingram Adam , Hammerstein Erica , Fraser-Taliente Ludovic , Balbus Steven 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
We present fundamental scaling relationships between properties of the optical/UV light curves of tidal disruption events (TDEs) and the mass of the black hole that disrupted the star. We have uncovered these relations from the late-time emission of TDEs. Using a sample of 63 optically selected TDEs, the latest catalogue to date, we observed flattening of the early-time emission into a near-constant late-time plateau for at least two-thirds of our sources. Compared to other properties of the TDE light curves (e.g. peak luminosity or decay rate) the plateau luminosity shows the tightest correlation with the total mass of host galaxy (p-value of 2 × 10−6, with a residual scatter of 0.3 dex). Physically this plateau stems from the presence of an accretion flow. We demonstrate theoretically and numerically that the amplitude of this plateau emission is strongly correlated with black hole mass. By simulating a large population (N = 106) of TDEs, we determine a plateau luminosity-black hole mass scaling relationship well described by $\log _{10} \left({{M_{\bullet }}/M_\odot }\right) = 1.50 \log _{10} \left({ L_{\rm plat}}/10^{43} \, {\rm erg\, s^{-1}}\right) + 9.0$ (here Lplat is measured at 6 × 1014 Hz in the rest frame). The observed plateau luminosities of TDEs and black hole masses in our large sample are in excellent agreement with this simulation. Using the black hole mass predicted from the observed TDE plateau luminosity, we reproduce the well-known scaling relations between black hole mass and galaxy velocity dispersion. The large black hole masses of 10 of the TDEs in our sample allow us to provide constraints on their black hole spins, favouring rapidly rotating black holes. Finally, we also discover two significant correlations between early time properties of optical TDE light curves (the g-band peak luminosity and radiated energy) and the TDEs black hole mass.
Galaxy cluster optical mass proxies from probabilistic memberships
Authors: Doubrawa Lia , Cypriano Eduardo S , Finoguenov Alexis , Lopes Paulo A A , Maturi Matteo , Gonzalez Anthony H , Dupke Renato 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Robust galaxy cluster mass estimates are fundamental for constraining cosmological parameters from counts. For this reason, it is essential to search for tracers that, independent of the cluster’s dynamical state, have a small intrinsic scatter and can be easily inferred from observations. This work uses a simulated data set to focus on photometric properties and explores different optical mass proxies including richness, optical luminosity, and total stellar mass. We have developed a probabilistic membership assignment that makes minimal assumptions about the galaxy cluster properties, limited to a characteristic radius, velocity dispersion, and spatial distribution. Applying the estimator to over 919 galaxy clusters with zphot &lt; 0.45 within a mass range of 1012.8–1015 M⊙, we obtain robust richness estimates that deviate from the median true value (from simulations) by −0.01 ± 0.12. The scatter in the mass–observable relations is $\sigma _{log_{10}(M|\mathcal {R})}=0.181 \pm 0.009$ dex for richness, $\sigma _{log_{10}(M|L_\lambda)}=0.151 \pm 0.007$ dex for optical luminosity, and $\sigma _{log_{10}(M|M_\lambda ^{*})}=0.097 \pm 0.005$ dex for stellar mass. We also discuss membership assignment, completeness and purity, and the consequences of small centre and redshift offsets. We conclude that the application of our method for photometric surveys delivers competitive cluster mass proxies.
Combining chirp mass, luminosity distance, and sky localization from gravitational wave events to detect the cosmic dipole
Authors: Grimm N , Pijnenburg M , Mastrogiovanni S , Bonvin C , Foffa S , Cusin G 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
A key test of the isotropy of the Universe on large scales consists in comparing the dipole in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature with the dipole in the distribution of sources at low redshift. Current analyses find a dipole in the number counts of quasars and radio sources that is 2–5 times larger than expected from the CMB, leading to a tension reaching 5σ. In this paper, we derive a consistent framework to measure the dipole independently from gravitational wave (GW) detections. We exploit the fact that the observer velocity does not only change the distribution of events in the sky, but also the luminosity distance and redshifted chirp mass, which can be extracted from the GW waveform. We show that the estimator with higher signal-to-noise ratio is the dipole in the chirp mass measured from a population of binary neutron stars. Combining all estimators (accounting for their covariance) improves the detectability of the dipole by 30–50 per cent compared to number counting of binary black holes alone. We find that a few 106 events are necessary to detect a dipole consistent with the CMB one, whereas if the dipole is as large as predicted by radio sources, it will already be detectable with 105 events, which would correspond to a single year of observation with next-generation GW detectors. GW sources provide therefore a robust and independent way of testing the isotropy of the Universe.
Identify main-sequence binaries from the Chinese Space Station Telescope Survey with machine learning
Authors: Li Jia-jia , Wang Jin-liang , Ji Kai-fan , Liu Chao , Chen Hai-liang , Han Zhan-wen , Chen Xue-fei 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The statistical properties of double main sequence (MS) binaries are very important for binary evolution and binary population synthesis. To obtain these properties, we need to identify these MS binaries. In this paper, we have developed a method to differentiate single MS stars from double MS binaries from the Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST) Survey with machine learning. This method is reliable and efficient to identify binaries with mass ratios between 0.20 and 0.80, which is independent of the mass ratio distribution. But the number of binaries identified with this method is not a good approximation to the number of binaries in the original sample due to the low detection efficiency of binaries with mass ratios smaller than 0.20 or larger than 0.80. Therefore, we have improved this point by using the detection efficiencies of our method and an empirical mass ratio distribution and then can infer the binary fraction in the sample. Once the CSST data are available, we can identify MS binaries with our trained multi-layer perceptron model and derive the binary fraction of the sample.
A case of dupilumab combination therapy for exacerbation of atopic dermatitis in a patient with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis treated with mepolizumab
Authors: Iwadate Yosuke , Arinuma Yoshiyuki , Matsueda Yu , Tanaka Tomoki , Wada Tatuhiko , Tanaka Sumiaki , Oku Kenji , Yamaoka Kunihiro 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
We report a 60-year-old male with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) complicated with atopic dermatitis (AD). The patient was initially treated with prednisolone, cyclosporine A, and mepolizumab (MEPO). Due to worsening skin symptoms after prednisolone tapering, dupilumab (DUP) was added as an adjunctive therapy for AD confirmed by skin biopsy. The combination therapy of MEPO and DUP resulted in rapid improvement of skin symptoms, suggesting it may be an effective therapeutic option for patients with EGPA and AD. This case report emphasises the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in treating complex diseases such as EGPA and AD.
Antibiotic Use Among Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in the United States, March 2020–June 2022
Authors: Kim Christine , Wolford Hannah , Baggs James , Reddy Sujan , Hicks Lauri A , Neuhauser Melinda M , Kabbani Sarah 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We conducted a retrospective study to describe antibiotic use among US adults hospitalized with a COVID-19 diagnosis. Despite a decrease in overall antibiotic use, most patients hospitalized with COVID-19 received antibiotics on admission (88.1%) regardless of critical care status, highlighting that more efforts are needed to optimize antibiotic therapy.
Does Slow and Steady Win the Race? Rates of Antipsychotic Discontinuation, Antipsychotic Dose, and Risk of Psychotic Relapse
Authors: McCutcheon Robert A , Taylor David , Rubio Jose , Nour Joseph , Pillinger Toby , Murray Robin M , Jauhar Sameer 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundAntipsychotics are recommended for prevention of relapse in schizophrenia. It is unclear whether increased risk of relapse following antipsychotic discontinuation is predominantly associated with an absolute magnitude of dose reduction or rate of antipsychotic reduction. Establishing the responsible mechanism is important because prolonged withdrawal schedules have been suggested to reduce risk of relapse.Study DesignIndividual patient data from antipsychotic discontinuation studies were obtained. We estimated the occupancy of receptors over time using half-lives and median effective dose ED50 values obtained from pharmacokinetic and receptor occupancy studies. Hazard ratios for relapse events were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models to assess the influence of formulation (oral, 1-monthly, and 3-monthly injections). The change in hazard ratio over time was estimated, and the effect of time-varying covariates was calculated, including rate of occupancy reduction and absolute receptor occupancy.Study ResultsFive studies including 1388 participants with schizophrenia were identified (k = 2: oral, k = 2: 1-monthly injection, k = 1: 3-monthly injection). Withdrawal of long-acting injectable medication did not lead to a lower hazard ratio compared with withdrawal of oral medication, and this included the period immediately following randomization. Hazard ratios were not associated with the rate of decline of receptor occupancy; however, they were associated with reduced absolute occupancy in trials of long-acting injections (P = .038).ConclusionsAntipsychotic discontinuation is associated with an increased risk of psychotic relapse, related to receptor occupancy. Although relapse does not appear to be related to the rate of discontinuation, gradual discontinuation strategies may allow for easier antipsychotic reinstatement in case of symptomatic worsening.
Sampling for the Early Detection of Peronospora sparsa in Blackberry Nursery Stock Plants
Authors: Ivey Melanie L. Lewis , Madrid Alejandra M. Jimenez 
Published: October 2023

Downy mildew, caused by Peronospora sparsa, is a systemic disease of blackberry that can cause significant production losses worldwide. P. sparsa is disseminated through asymptomatic infected blackberry plants. Currently, there is no clean plant certification program for blackberry downy mildew. The objective of this research was to determine the detection frequency of P. sparsa in blackberry roots, stems, and leaves for the development of sampling guidelines for asymptomatic nursery plants. Stems, emerging leaves, and fully expanded leaves collected from commercial ‘Natchez’, ‘Ouachita’, and ‘Caddo’ nursery stock were tested by nested PCR using published primers at the early bud sprouting, vegetative, and flowering to green berry phenological stages for the presence of P. sparsa. Initially, 90, 40, and 100% of Caddo, Natchez, and Ouachita, respectively, tested positive for P. sparsa. Detection of P. sparsa was inconsistent across cultivar, tissue type, plant, and phenological stage. Except for Natchez plants, P. sparsa was detected most frequently in leaves at all three phenological stages. Overall, detection of P. sparsa in Natchez was low, with the highest frequency of detection occurring at the vegetative stage. For Caddo and Ouachita, newly emerging leaves at the bud sprouting stage yielded a slightly higher frequency of detection than fully expanded leaves. The detection frequency in stem or root tissue ranged from 0 to 50% depending on the cultivar and phenological stage. In this study, we demonstrated that sampling newly emerging leaves at early bud break will result in an 80 to 90% detection frequency in cultivars that are susceptible to P. sparsa.
Toxoplasma ceramide synthases: Gene duplication, functional divergence, and roles in parasite fitness
Authors: Koutsogiannis Zisis , Mina John G. , Albus Christin A. , Kol Matthijs A. , Holthuis Joost C. M. , Pohl Ehmke , Denny Paul W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractToxoplasma gondii is an obligate, intracellular apicomplexan protozoan parasite of both humans and animals that can cause fetal damage and abortion and severe disease in the immunosuppressed. Sphingolipids have indispensable functions as signaling molecules and are essential and ubiquitous components of eukaryotic membranes that are both synthesized and scavenged by the Apicomplexa. Ceramide is the precursor for all sphingolipids, and here we report the identification, localization and analyses of the Toxoplasma ceramide synthases TgCerS1 and TgCerS2. Interestingly, we observed that while TgCerS1 was a fully functional orthologue of the yeast ceramide synthase (Lag1p) capable of catalyzing the conversion of sphinganine to ceramide, in contrast TgCerS2 was catalytically inactive. Furthermore, genomic deletion of TgCerS1 using CRISPR/Cas‐9 led to viable but slow‐growing parasites indicating its importance but not indispensability. In contrast, genomic knock out of TgCerS2 was only accessible utilizing the rapamycin‐inducible Cre recombinase system. Surprisingly, the results demonstrated that this “pseudo” ceramide synthase, TgCerS2, has a considerably greater role in parasite fitness than its catalytically active orthologue (TgCerS1). Phylogenetic analyses indicated that, as in humans and plants, the ceramide synthase isoforms found in Toxoplasma and other Apicomplexa may have arisen through gene duplication. However, in the Apicomplexa the duplicated copy is hypothesized to have subsequently evolved into a non‐functional “pseudo” ceramide synthase. This arrangement is unique to the Apicomplexa and further illustrates the unusual biology that characterize these protozoan parasites.
Botulinum Toxin for the Management of Pelvic Floor Tension Myalgia and Persistent Pelvic Pain
Authors: Knapman Blake Lawson , Li Fiona G. , Deans Rebecca , Nesbitt-Hawes Erin , Maheux-Lacroix Sarah , Abbott Jason 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To systematically review the literature on use of botulinum toxin to treat pelvic floor tension myalgia and persistent pelvic pain.

DATA SOURCES:
The ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases were searched from inception to November 2022 by two independent assessors (B.L.K. and F.G.L.). Identified studies were screened by title and abstract and included after full-text review. Data extraction was subsequently performed and recorded in Microsoft Excel.

METHODS:
This study was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines after registration in PROSPERO (CRD42022289132). All randomized studies, prospective studies with more than five participants, and retrospective studies with more than 10 participants published in English or French and assessing the use of botulinum toxin for the treatment of pelvic floor tension myalgia and persistent pelvic pain in women were included. Meta-analyses were performed on randomized data.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS:
Of 4,722 articles identified, 24 satisfied inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis of five randomized controlled trials totaling 329 participants demonstrated no differences in patient- and clinician-reported outcome measures, including pain, dyspareunia, sexual function, and vaginal manometry. Mean duration of follow-up was 6 months. A qualitative analysis of 14 prospective and four retrospective studies including 804 participants is supportive of botulinum toxin; however, the quality of data is low, and there is marked heterogeneity between studies.

CONCLUSION:
Meta-analyses of randomized data do not support the use of botulinum toxin to treat pelvic floor tension myalgia and persistent pelvic pain. Failure of these data to confirm the findings of nonrandomized prospective studies that suggest a treatment benefit may be attributable to the absence of placebo control and confounding outcomes obtained from an active comparator group. Further randomized controlled trials with true placebo are strongly recommended.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION:
PROSPERO, CRD42022289132.
Management of Femoral Neck Fractures in Patients Age ≥50 Years by American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Part II Examination Candidates
Authors: Patterson Joseph T. , Heckmann Nathanael , Garvin Kevin L. , Nelson Charles L. , Jacobs Joshua J. , Lieberman Jay R. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective:
Assess associations between fellowship training, procedure, and performance in femoral neck fracture (FNF) surgery on adults by American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) Part II Examination candidates.

Setting:
ABOS SCRIBE database exam years 2007-2020.

Participants:
6,777 candidates performing 39,283 FNF surgeries on adults age ≥ 50 years.

Intervention:
Fellowship training.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Case volume; procedure performed: internal fixation (IF), hemiarthroplasty (HA), or total hip arthroplasty (THA); complications; readmission; reoperation.

Results:
Over the observation period, fewer candidates reported FNF surgery (68% overall, -0.6%/year, R2=0.80) while more candidates reported fellowship training (87% overall, +1.4%/year, R2=0.81). The rate of any complication was significantly associated with fellowship training (32% overall, p<0.001). Readmission (12%, p=0.080) and reoperation (5%, p=0.531) were not significantly associated with fellowship training. The odds of any complication (odds ratio [OR]=-0.03 [95% CI -0.07 to -0.001] per 10 cases) and surgical complication (OR=-0.12 [95% CI -0.17 to -0.07] per 10 cases) were negatively associated with candidate FNF case volume. 3,396 THA for FNF were performed (8% of cases). THA use increased 25 cases/year (R2=0.83) and was associated with adult reconstruction (p<0.001) and oncology (p<0.001) fellowship training. Any complication of THA for FNF (32%, p=0.261), readmission (9% overall, p=0.321), and reoperation (5%, p=0.200) were not significantly associated with fellowship training.

Conclusions:
Between 2007-2020, femoral neck fracture surgery was performed by fewer ABOS Part II Examination candidates and there was greater use of THA. Over this time period there was a greater prevalence of fellowship training but complications were not associated with fellowship training. Complications were associated with FNF case volume.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.