bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous biomanufacturing in upstream and downstream processing
Authors: Schmidt Axel , Hengelbrock Alina , Strube Jochen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Continuous bioprocesses have become a significant technological change in regulated industries, with process analytical technology (PAT) and quality-by-design (QbD) being essential for enabling continuous biomanufacturing. PAT and QbD are associated with process automation and control, providing real-time key process information. Continuous manufacturing eliminates hold times and reduces processing times, providing benefits such as improved product quality, reduced waste, lower costs, and increased manufacturing flexibility and agility. Over the past decade, advancements in science and engineering, along with the adoption of QbD and the advancement of PAT, have progressed the scientific and regulatory readiness for continuous manufacturing. Regulatory authorities support the implementation of continuous manufacturing using science- and risk-based approaches, providing a great deal of potential to address issues of agility, flexibility, cost, and robustness in the development of pharmaceutical manufacturing processes.
Compressive behavior of BFRP-confined ceramsite concrete: An experimental study and stress–strain model
Authors: Li Hongchun , Wei Yang , Zhang Yirui , Wang Gaofei , Huang Zhe 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The novel structure of a basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP)-confined ceramsite concrete column (BFCCC) reinforced with bamboo strips (BSs) was investigated. The characteristics of light weight, BSs and FRP reinforcement were reflected in the structure. Thirty-six BFCCCs and 18 unconfined ceramsite concrete columns were fabricated and subjected to axial compression tests, and the stress–strain curves were obtained. The research parameters included the number of BFRP layers and the volume content of BSs. Both types of specimens, with and without BFRP confinement, underwent brittle failure after reaching the ultimate bearing capacity. The increase in the number of BFRP layers had a positive effect on the bearing capacity and deformation capacity of the specimens. With the increase in the number of BFRP layers, the compressive strengths of BFCCCs were improved by 1.17–1.44 times, and the deformations were improved by 6.30–12.92 times, compared to the unconfined concrete. The addition of BSs could improve the ductility of the specimen, while the effect on the bearing capacity had an optimal value of 2.0%. The stress–strain curves of the BFCCCs showed obvious softening behavior after the peak point. Models were proposed to predict the axial stress–strain curves of BFCCCs reinforced with BSs.
Relationships Between Modifiable Risk Factors of Hamstring Strain Injury
Authors: Ripley Nicholas J. , Comfort Paul , McMahon John J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Ripley, NJ, Comfort, P, and McMahon, JJ. Relationships between modifiable risk factors of hamstring strain injury. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—The aims of this study were to determine whether any relationship exists between eccentric hamstring strength and isokinetic strength imbalances and bicep femoris long head (BFLH) architecture. Eighteen physically active men (age 24.7 ± 4.3 years, height 181.9 ± 7.2 cm, mass 84.9 ± 12.9 kg) had resting BFLH muscle architecture assessed using ultrasound, with images taken at the midmuscle belly. Measures of isokinetic strength of the knee extensors and flexors involved subjects performing 3 maximal effort repetitions of concentric knee extension and eccentric knee flexion at 60°·s−1. Good-excellent relative reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.86) and low variability (coefficient of variation <10%) were observed for all variables. Relative BFLH fascicle length (FL) demonstrated significant moderate-to-nearly-perfect associations with isokinetic measures identified as hamstring strain injury risk factors (p < 0.05, r = 0.38–0.92), whereas absolute BFLH FL was not significantly or meaningfully associated with isokinetic measures (p = 0.07–0.961, r = 0.01–0.30). Relative BFLH FL should be considered when assessing resting BFLH muscle architecture because it is potentially a more appropriate measure of injury risk because of its greater association with strength measures. However, absolute BFLH FL may have a greater usefulness during growth, maturation, and individual proportions.
Muscle Cooling Before and in the Middle of a Session: There Are Benefits on Subsequent Localized Endurance Performance in a Warm Environment
Authors: Baláš Jiří , Kodejška Jan , Procházková Adéla , Knap Roman , Tufano James J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Baláš, J, Kodejška, J, Procházková, A, Knap, R, and Tufano, JJ. Muscle cooling before and in the middle of a session: there are benefits on subsequent localized endurance performance in a warm environment. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—Localized cold-water immersion (CWI) has been shown to facilitate recovery in the middle of a session of exhaustive repeated forearm contractions. However, it has been suggested that these benefits may be attributed to “precooling” the muscle before an activity, as opposed to cooling a previously overheated muscle. Therefore, this study aimed to determine how precooling and mid-cooling affects localized repeated muscular endurance performance in a warm environment. Nineteen subjects completed a familiarization session and 3 laboratory visits, each including 2 exhaustive climbing trials separated by 20 minutes of recovery: PRECWI (CWI, trial 1; passive sitting [PAS], trial 2); MIDCWI (PAS, trial 1; CWI, trial 2); and CONTROL (PAS, trial 1; PAS, trial 2). Climbing trial 1 in PRECWI was 32 seconds longer than in CONTROL (p = 0.013; d = 0.46) and 47 seconds longer than in MIDCWI (p = 0.001; d = 0.81). The time of climbing trial 2 after PAS (PRECWI and CONTROL) was very similar (312 vs. 319 seconds) irrespective of the first trial condition. However, the time of the second trial in MIDCWI was 43 seconds longer than in PRECWI (p < 0.001; d = 0.63) and 50 seconds longer than in CONTROL (p < 0.001; d = 0.69). In warm environments, muscle precooling and mid-cooling can prolong localized endurance performance during climbing. However, the effectiveness of mid-cooling may not be as a “recovery strategy” but as a “precooling” strategy to decrease muscle temperature before subsequent performance, delaying the onset of localized heat-induced neuromuscular fatigue.
Current Implementation and Barriers to Using Blood Flow Restriction Training: Insights From a Survey of Allied Health Practitioners
Authors: Scott Brendan R. , Marston Kieran J. , Owens Johnny , Rolnick Nicholas , Patterson Stephen D. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Scott, BR, Marston, KJ, Owens, J, Rolnick, N, and Patterson, SD. Current implementation and barriers to using blood flow restriction training: Insights from a survey of allied health practitioners. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—This study investigated the use of blood flow restriction (BFR) exercise by practitioners working specifically with clinical or older populations, and the barriers preventing some practitioners from prescribing BFR. An online survey was disseminated globally to allied health practitioners, with data from 397 responders included in analyses. Responders who had prescribed BFR exercise (n = 308) completed questions about how they implement this technique. Those who had not prescribed BFR exercise (n = 89) provided information on barriers to using this technique, and a subset of these responders (n = 22) completed a follow-up survey to investigate how these barriers could be alleviated. Most practitioners prescribe BFR exercise for musculoskeletal rehabilitation clients (91.6%), with the BFR cuff pressure typically relative to arterial occlusion pressure (81.1%) and implemented with resistance (96.8%) or aerobic exercise (42.9%). Most practitioners screen for contraindications (68.2%), although minor side effects, including muscle soreness (65.8%), are common. The main barriers preventing some practitioners from using BFR are lack of equipment (60.2%), insufficient education (55.7%), and safety concerns (31.8%). Suggestions to alleviate these barriers included developing educational resources about the safe application and benefits of BFR exercise (n = 20) that are affordable (n = 3) and convenient (n = 4). These results indicate that BFR prescription for clinical and older cohorts mainly conforms with current guidelines, which is important considering the potentially increased risk for adverse events in these cohorts. However, barriers still prevent broader utility of BFR training, although some may be alleviated through well-developed educational offerings to train practitioners in using BFR exercise.
Effects of a Strength and Conditioning Offseason Program on Countermovement Jump Ground Reaction Forces in Division I American Football Players
Authors: Gillen Zachary M. , Burch Reuben F. , Saucier David N. , Strawderman Lesley , Luczak Tony , Piroli Anthony , Petway Adam J. , Rath Ted 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Gillen, ZM, Burch, RF, Saucier, DN, Strawderman, L, Luczak, T, Piroli, A, Petway, AJ, and Rath, T. Effects of a strength and conditioning offseason program on countermovement jump ground reaction forces in Division I American football players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 10-week strength and conditioning offseason program on the ground reaction forces (GRFs) of American football players during single-leg and double-leg countermovement jumps (SLJ and CMJ, respectively). Each subject visited the laboratory twice, once for preoffseason and once for postoffseason testing. During each visit, subjects performed CMJs and SLJs for each leg. Ground reaction forces were collected by force plates to quantify unweighting, braking, propulsive, and performance metrics for each jump. In addition, an efficiency index was calculated for each jump to examine changes in vertical jump efficiency. Dependent samples t tests compared all CMJ metrics. Two-way repeated measures analyses of variance (leg × time) compared all SLJ metrics. An alpha level of p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. For the CMJ, propulsive phase duration decreased due to the program (p = 0.007), whereas peak braking power, peak propulsive power, mean propulsive force, and jump height increased (p ≤ 0.012). For the SLJ, peak braking power, force at the low position, braking rate of force development, eccentric force, peak propulsive power, mean propulsive force, and jump height increased in both legs (p ≤ 0.044). The efficiency index increased for the CMJ and the SLJ for both legs (p ≤ 0.016). This study demonstrated that SLJ and CMJ vertical jump performance significantly increases in as few as 10 weeks of offseason strength and conditioning. Strength and conditioning programming may effectively increase vertical jump performance, as assessed by GRFs, which can be used as a simple indicator regarding changes in athletic performance.
Exercise-Induced Transient Oxidative Stress Is Mitigated in Down Syndrome: Insights About Redox Balance and Muscle Strength
Authors: Reis Andrea Lucena , Deus Lysleine Alves , Passos Neves Rodrigo Vanerson , Corrêa Hugo de Luca , Reis Thaís Lucena , Aguiar Lucas Soares de , Honorato Fernando Sousa , Barbosa Jessica Mycaelle da Silva , Araújo Thaís Branquinho de , Palmeira Thalyta Railine Cesar , Simões Herbert Gustavo , Prestes Jonato , Sousa Caio Victor , Ide Bernardo Neme , Rosa Thiago dos Santos 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Reis, AL, Deus, LA, Neves, RVP, Corrêa, HL Reis, TL, Aguiar, LS Honorato, FS, Barbosa, JMS, Araújo, TB, Palmeira, TRC, Simões, HG, Prestes, J, Sousa, CV, Ide, BN, and Rosa, TdS. Exercise-induced transient oxidative stress is mitigated in Down syndrome: insights about redox balance and muscle strength. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—This study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of a session of resistance exercise (RE) performed with elastic tubes on the redox balance and inflammatory profile in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Subjects (n = 23) were allocated into 2 groups: individuals with DS (DS; n = 11) and individuals without DS (WDS; n = 12), who performed an acute RE session. Diagnostic assessment included medical history, anthropometric measures (body height, body mass, body mass index, and body composition assessment), biological collections, muscle strength assessments (handgrip and maximal voluntary isometric contraction tests), and exercises. The redox balance and inflammatory profile were assessed in urine and saliva samples before and after an acute RE session. There were no differences between WDS and DS groups for body composition (p > 0.05). The DS group presented higher values pre and post an acute RE session with elastic tubes for oxidative and proinflammatory markers compared with WDS (p < 0.05). Uric acid values increased from pre–acute RE session to post–acute RE session for WDS (p < 0.0001). No differences were identified within groups for the delta analysis (p > 0.05). Inverse correlations were found between total force and F2-isoprostane, 8OHdG, uric acid, allantoin, IL-6, TNF-α, and the TNF-α:IL-10 ratio. A positive correlation was found between IL-10 and total force. The DS group presented increased peak force in the knee extension and elbow flexion exercises (∼25 and 12%, respectively) but decreases in handgrip strength of ∼7%. The WDS group showed higher peak force values for knee extension, elbow flexion, and handgrip (∼16, 10, and 14%, respectively). The DS group had lower transient elevation of oxidative stress after an acute RE session compared with WDS. Oxidative stress and inflammation responses of DS to an acute RE session with elastic tubes may be insufficient to induce health adaptations for the same relative load compared with WDS.
Relationships Between Anthropometric Measures and Body Composition With Individual ACFT Event Performance Among Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps Cadets
Authors: Thompson Megan B. , Lawson Daniel J. , Orr Robin M. , Lockie Robert G. , Dawes J. Jay 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Thompson, MB, Lawson, DJ, Orr, RM, Lockie, RG, and Dawes, JJ. Relationships between anthropometric measures and body composition with individual ACFT event performance among army reserve officers' training corps cadets. J Strength Cond Res 38(4): 749–754, 2024—The U.S. military commonly uses body composition as an indicator of a soldier's potential to meet the physical demands required of their occupation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether significant relationships existed between select body composition variables and Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) performance among a cohort of university Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) cadets. Twenty-six male (20.4 ± 1.6 years, 81.8 ± 8.5 kg, 178.3 ± 7.8 cm) and 12 female (19.9 ± 1.4 years, 64.2 ± 6.7 kg, 161.9 ± 4.9 cm) cadets voluntarily participated in this study. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis, and ACFT event scores were recorded by the cadre using the U.S. Army standard protocol and provided to the investigators. Pearson's correlations were used to identify relationships between body composition variables and ACFT event performance with an alpha level of p ≤ 0.05. Moderate to strong relationships were observed between total body water, dry lean mass, lean body mass, skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass (FM), and body fat percentage and all event scores for the sample as a whole. Body mass index showed weak to moderate significant positive relationships with hand-release push-up and maximum hexagonal bar deadlift in the sample as a whole. No relationships were observed in the men of this sample. All body composition variables showed moderate, nonsignificant relationships with at least 1 ACFT event within the women of this sample. Considering the findings of this study, a multitude of variables could be useful to assess ROTC cadets as predictors for ACFT performance. Reserve Officers' Training Corps programs should emphasize attaining and maintaining functional lean mass, whereas reducing nonfunctional body mass (i.e., excess FM) among cadets to enhance health and performance across the occupational life span.
KERUNTUHAN AKHLAK UMAT ISLAM DAN PENYELESAIAN MENURUT SAID NURSI DALAM RISALAH AL-NUR
Authors: Mohd Nasir bin Ayub  , Surita Hartini binti Mat Hassan  , Ramlan bin Mustapha  , Mohd Suhardi bin Mat Jusoh  , Mohammad Affendi bin Omardin  
Published: December 2023

Nabi Muhammad SAW diutuskan adalah untuk memperbaiki akhlak manusia. Akhlak adalah cerminan sesebuah negara. Bangsa yang berjaya ialah bangsa yang menjunjung nilai-nilai murni dan akhlak mulia. Persoalannya, adakah umat Islam hari ini benar-benar menghayati nilai-nilai akhlak yang ada dalam Islam yang boleh dicontohi oleh penganut agama lain? Adakah kemerosotan akhlak umat Islam hari ini berpunca daripada kejahilan mereka terhadap amalan agama mereka? Kajian ini cuba mengemukakan penyelesaian terhadap kemerosotan akhlak ummah menurut Said Nursi khususnya dalam tafsir Risalah al-Nur. Kajian ini adalah berbentuk kepustakaan dan akan dianalisis menggunakan kerangka analisis tekstual. Kajian ini mendapati penyelesaian terhadap kerosakan akhlak menurut Said Nursi ialah dengan memahami hakikat kejadian manusia, menghayati kepentingan Asma’ al-Husna serta memanfaatkan ilmu pengetahuan. Hal ini terbukti apabila Said Nursi dan tafsir Risalah al-Nur berjaya mempengaruhi pembentukan akhlak umat Islam di Turki pada masa itu serta membentuk gagasan pemikiran Islam yang lebih tulin, setelah beberapa abad diresapi faham Sekularisme di bawah kemimpinan Presiden Mustafa kamal al-Tarturk.
Prophet Muhammad SAW was sent to improve the morality of humankind. Morality is a reflection of a nation. A successful nation is one that upholds noble values and morality. The questions are, do the Muslims today truly appreciate the values of morality that exist in Islam that can be emulated by other religious followers? Does the decline in morality among the Muslims today stem from their ignorance on their religious practice? This current study puts forth the solution on the decline in the morality of the ummah according to Said Nursi especially in the interpretation of Risalah al-Nur. This study adopts a library study and it will be analyzed using a textual analysis framework. This study found that the solution to moral corruption according to Said Nursi is to understand the nature of human events, appreciate the importance of Asma' al-Husna and utilize science. This is evident when Said Nursi and Risalah al-Nur successfully influenced the formation of Muslims’ morality in Turkey at the time, and formed the Islamic school of thought that was more genuine, after several years of secularism influence under the leadership of Mustafa Kamal al-Tarturk.
A semi-nested PCR method with increased sensitivity for the specific, direct detection of Salmonella enterica strains in poultry ectoparasites
Authors: Kovács Dorottya , Szmolka Ama , Kovács László , Körösi László , Eszterbauer Edit 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe darkling beetle, Alphitobius diaperinus, and the poultry red mite, Dermanysuss gallinae are among the most common pests of poultry farms. Both pests can be carriers and reservoirs of various pathogens including zoonotic ones like Salmonella. Salmonellosis is one of the most common foodborne diseases reported in the EU. We developed a semi-nested PCR method for the direct detection of Salmonella enterica. When testing the specificity of the novel PCR, we successfully detected various S. enterica strains, whereas Escherichia coli and Citrobacter strains gave negative results. The authenticity of the PCR products was confirmed by DNA sequencing. The sensitivity of the semi-nested PCR was tested on serial dilution of bacterial cultures and extracted DNA. We found our new method more sensitive than the previous PCRs. We also screened ectoparasite samples, collected from a poultry farm in Hungary, and three out of the eight samples were positive for S. Enteritidis. This novel PCR seems suitable for the detection of S. enterica strains in poultry ectoparasites without the need of sample pre-enrichment.
Problems of follicular thyroid carcinoma diagnostics
Authors: Titov S. E. , Lukyanov S. A. , Sergiyko S. V. , Veryaskina Yu. A. , Ilyina T. E. , Kozorezov E. S. , Vorobyov S. L. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Follicular thyroid cancer is much less common than papillary cancer. Nevertheless, the main difficulties in preoperative diagnosis are associated with this morphological type. A fine needle aspiration biopsy is not able to distinguish a benign follicular adenoma from a follicular carcinoma, which forces surgeons to perform diagnostic resection of the thyroid gland in all patients with a cytological conclusion «follicular tumor».Aim. To search for microRNAs specific to follicular cancer by sequencing a new generation.Materials and methods. The data of patients with a preoperative cytological conclusion «follicular tumor» operated at the Chelyabinsk Center for Endocrine Surgery from 2021 to 2022 were analyzed. Histological preparations were reviewed twice by pathologists. Genome sequencing was performed in 8 histological samples of follicular cancer and 8 samples of follicular adenoma. The expression levels of the selected microRNAs were compared with 198 archived cytological samples of various types of thyroid tumors.Results. The risk of malignancy at the cytological conclusion «follicular tumor» was 25.4 % (error 74.6 %). Follicular cancer was first detected in 36 patients, the incidence was 0.68 new cases per 100 thousand population per year. The diagnosis of «follicular cancer» was confirmed by 3 morphologists in 8 (36.4 %) cases. Sequencing revealed the 5 most distinct microRNAs between follicular cancer and follicular adenoma: miR-625, miR-323a, let-7a, let-7c and miR-574. The level of errors in the differentiation of follicular adenoma and follicular cancer using the microRNAs we selected was 21 % (35 % with cross-validation).Conclusion. Molecular genetic research at the preoperative stage, aimed at differentiating follicular cancer and follicular adenoma, in comparison with cytological research has a greater, but insufficient accuracy for making a final clinical decision.