bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Approach to Cytomorphology in Liquid‐Based Bile Duct Brush Cytology: Integrating Cell Blocks and Histology
Authors: Oh Wookjin , Min Jaeyong , Kim Baek‐hui 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBile duct brush cytology is a widely used and essential method for evaluating biliary tract lesions, although it remains challenging for pathologists. Liquid‐based preparations provide a better vision of morphology and enable the preparation of cell blocks, thereby enhancing reliability. However, the establishment of reproducible interpretation criteria and utilization of cell blocks remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the morphological features of liquid‐based cytology using objective and reproducible criteria, incorporating histological findings to identify diagnostic features. In total, 151 cases were selected and 42 morphologic criteria were evaluated within representative clusters. Notably, 14 features, including conventional cytologic features, significantly differed between the benign and malignant groups. Malignant cell clusters were more likely to be irregularly shaped and have larger nuclear sizes, increased nuclear pleomorphism, a non‐euchromatic chromatin pattern, and a higher nucleus‐to‐cytoplasm (N/C) ratio. Multinucleation and nuclear molding were observed exclusively in malignant cases. The presence of inflammatory cells did not differ significantly between benign and malignant cases. An increased N/C ratio was observed in the cell blocks and the architectural information aided in diagnosis. The application of cell blocks may be beneficial, emphasizing the significance of nuclear pleomorphism. We also categorized features by analyzing the sensitivity, specificity, and importance of various features. In summary, our study reaffirms the importance of conventional cytomorphologic features in liquid‐based preparations of bile duct cytology and suggests a diagnostic approach with more objective morphologic criteria, highlighting the utility of cell blocks.
Study on the Spatiotemporal Changes and Driving Factors of Habitat Quality in the Yarlung Zangbo River From 2000 to 2020
Authors: Chen Yu , Kang Yujie , Li Jingji , Liu Yanguo , Liu Qin , Luo Zhengyu , Zhou Xiaohui , Zhang Tingbin , Wang Guoyan , Tang Xiaolu , Pei Xiangjun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe Yarlung Zangbo River (YLZB), the world's highest plateau river, possesses a particularly fragile ecosystem, making it highly vulnerable to global climate change. Understanding changes in YLZB habitat quality and their driving mechanisms is crucial for ecological protection and sustainable development in the region. Based on land use data from 2000 to 2020, we conducted a quantitative study on the spatiotemporal changes and driving mechanisms of habitat quality in the YLZB. This study employed habitat quality model, Land Use Transition Matrix, optimal parameter geographical detector, and partial least squares structural equation model (PLS‐SEM). The results show that: (1) Forests, grasslands, and unused land account for 94.14% of the basin area. The areas of unused land, forest land, and water bodies have continuously increased, while the areas of grasslands, permanent glaciers, and snowfields have continuously decreased. The decline was most pronounced from 2005 to 2010. (2) The habitat quality in the study area is higher in the southeast and lower in the west. The area of degraded habitats is significantly larger than that of improved habitats. (3) NDVI, elevation, and annual average temperature are key factors affecting changes in habitat quality. Elevation indirectly affects NDVI by influencing climate conditions, leading to a decline in habitat quality. This study provides a scientific basis for understanding ecological trends in YLZB habitat quality, it provides new insights into the intrinsic driving mechanisms in high‐altitude regions, and it offers theoretical support for relevant departments to implement sustainable management and conservation efforts.
Progranulin Plays a Protective Role in Pneumococcal Meningitis by Inhibiting Pyroptosis
Authors: Wang Jingyao , Kang Lihua , Xu Wenlong , Xiao Jiangming , Min Yajun , Li Sijie , Zhou Changlong , Yin Yibing , Zhang Xuemei , Zhang Qun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivePneumococcal meningitis is a serious infectious disease with a high mortality rate and a global presence, and survivors have different degrees of neurological sequelae as a consequence of the host response to the infection. Progranulin (PGRN) is a multifunctional autocrine growth factor that is also a major immunoregulator. We want to investigate the role for PGRN in Pneumococcal meningitis in vivo and in vitro.MethodMouse and cell models were established to explore the protective effect and mechanism of PGRN against pneumococcal meningitis.ResultsProgranulin plays a protective role in pneumococcal meningitis by inhibiting pyroptosis. Pyroptosis resulted from exposure of BV‐2 cells to the bacterium and this was confirmed in the in vivo model. Administration of the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 to mice prior to infection inhibited pyroptosis and protected PGRN ‐/‐ mice and BV‐2 cell model from meningitis.ConclusionThis study implicates a protective role for PGRN in pneumococcal meningitis by inhibiting pyroptosis, indicating that PGRN may have therapeutic potential.
Numerical Simulation and Investigation of Nanoscale Organic Field‐Effect Transistor With Varying Channel Thickness
Authors: Thakur Yogesh , Khosla Mamta , Raj Balwinder 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSpecific characteristics of organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), including channel thickness, ON‐current, OFF‐current, SS, threshold voltage, and turn‐on voltage, are influenced by the fabrication process. The design and realization of circuits based on OFETs demand their expertise and oversight. An OFET with palladium (Pd) source/drain (S/D) electrodes, NdTaNO as dielectric material, pentacene as the active layer, and the aluminum gate electrode is simulated using Silvaco TCAD. The device's performance parameters, such as drain current, threshold voltage, current on/off ratio, transconductance, and subthreshold slope, are analyzed for varying channel thickness from 10 to 100 nm. Overall improvement in ION and VTH is observed with a decrease in tch value. Various fabrication factors, including the management of dewetting issues, tensile strain, and compressive stress in OSC films, which are closely related to the channel thickness of the device, require careful consideration to effectively prolong the operational lifespan of OFET devices. These issues primarily arise when the thickness of the OSC is either extremely minimal or excessively large. Such extremes can result in a reduced lifespan of the device and may compromise the overall performance of the circuit. Therefore, in the analysis presented in this paper, it was discovered that the optimal device conditions and satisfactory operational behavior are achieved at thickness (tch) values of 60 and 50 nm. These values meet the optimal tch requirement for OFET fabrication.
Antimicrobial peptide DP7 alleviates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis via modifying gut microbiota and regulating intestinal barrier function
Authors: Zhao Binyan , Zhou Hongyou , Lin Ke , Xu Jie , Zhou Bailing , Xie Daoyuan , Ma Jing , Yang Lei , Su Chunyan , Yang Li 
Published: January 2025

AbstractInflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), represent a growing global health concern. Restoring the balance of the gut microbiota, a crucial factor in intestinal health, offers potential for treating IBD. DP7, a novel antimicrobial peptide with potent antibacterial activity, was investigated for its anti‐inflammatory effects in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced UC mouse model. DP7 significantly ameliorated key disease parameters, including disease activity index, weight loss, and shortened colon length, while preserving colonic epithelial integrity and reducing inflammatory infiltration. Further analysis revealed potential targets of DP7, highlighting the significant role of Muribaculaceae bacteria during inflammatory states. To further explore the role of the gut microbiota in DP7's efficacy, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed using feces from DP7‐treated mice. FMT successfully ameliorated colitis in recipient mice, providing further evidence for the crucial role of the gut microbiome in IBD treatment and DP7's ability to modulate the gut microbiota for therapeutic benefit. Moreover, our findings suggest that DP7's modulation of the immune system is intricately linked to the complex microbial environment. Our findings demonstrate that DP7 effectively mitigates inflammation, attenuates barrier dysfunction, and shapes the gut microbiota, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for UC.
Fentanyl – analytisch betrachtet
Authors: Habekost Achim 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFür eine lebensnahe Chemielehrerausbildung ist es wichtig, Experimente zu nutzen, die Alltagsbezug haben. Dafür eignet sich zum Beispiel der synthetische Opiumverwandte Fentanyl, der als Schmerzmittel dient und häufig missbräuchlich genutzt wird. Seine chemischen Eigenschaften machen ihn auch für den Hochschulunterricht interessant.
Der Zeit voraus?
Authors: Hollweg Jürgen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAndreas Libavius schrieb das erste Lehrbuch auf dem Gebiet der Chemie an der Schwelle zur modernen Wissenschaft. Dennoch glaubte er daran, Blei ließe sich in Gold verwandeln. In gewisser Weise waren die Chemiker der Zeit damit Vordenker – denn tatsächlich lassen sich heutzutage Metalle transmutieren.
Wasserstoff in Salzen speichern
Authors: Massa Jonas , Junge Henrik , Beller Matthias , Sponholz Peter , Höhne Martha 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMit einer neuen Methode lässt sich Wasserstoff binden und transportieren: In Gegenwart eines Katalysators reagiert H2 mit Bicarbonat zu Formiat. Wasserstoff lässt sich im System speichern oder daraus wieder freisetzen – eine Pilotanlage steht bereits.
Pro & Contra Zukunft der energieintensiven Chemieproduktion in Deutschland: Perspektive Klimaneutralität
Authors: Münnich Paul 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFür die Zukunft der energieintensiven Chemieproduktion in Deutschland bietet der Umbau zur Klimaneutralität eine gute Perspektive, meint Paul Münnich.
Prospective Quantitative Laryngeal Electromyography Changes in Patients With Iatrogenic Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
Authors: Lee Yi‐Chieh , Pei Yu‐Cheng , Lu Yi‐An , Lin Wan‐Ni , Fang Tuan‐Jen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo track quantitative laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) and voice outcome survey (VOS) changes over 12 months postiatrogenic unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). To explore the factors influencing these changes.Study DesignHistorical cohort study.SettingTertiary medical center.MethodsPatients who developed UVFP after surgery underwent a series of assessments, including quantitative LEMG, videolaryngostroboscopy, voice acoustic analysis, and completion of the VOS at diagnosis and at the 12‐month follow‐up. The subsequent data from these assessments were then compared for analysis. Bivariate analysis examined predictors of changes in VOS and LEMG data respectively, with significant factors further included in a multivariate regression model.ResultsThe study enrolled 99 patients. LEMG data were prospectively collected within 3.9 months (±SD: 0.2) postsurgery, followed by an average 13.2‐month (±SD: 0.2) follow‐up. A worse initial turn ratio of thyroarytenoid‐lateral cricoarytenoid muscle correlated with more significant subsequent improvement in LEMG findings, reflecting a similar trend observed in the change of VOS scores.ConclusionThis study contributes valuable insights into the temporal change of quantitative LEMG and VOS in patients with iatrogenic UVFP. It suggests that poor initial LEMG and VOS results do not necessarily determine a worse prognosis in terms of electrical activity.
Olfactory Dysfunction in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
Authors: Farzal Zainab , Sullivan Kelli M. , Zariwala Maimoona A. , Thorp Brian D. , Senior Brent A. , Ebert Charles S. , Davis Stephanie , Leigh Margaret W. , Knowles Michael R. , Kimple Adam J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveIndividuals with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) frequently report olfactory dysfunction, yet this deficit is poorly documented. The purpose of this study was to characterize the presence and degree of olfactory dysfunction in PCD compared to controls and determine whether certain PCD genes are associated with worse olfaction.Study DesignA prospective cohort study.SettingTertiary referral center.MethodsWe administered the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) to individuals with PCD. Participants were divided into 3 age groups (15‐29 years, 30‐44 years, and 45+ years) and compared to age‐ and sex‐matched normal controls (n = 2170).ResultsTwenty‐nine individuals with PCD (8 males and 21 females) met the criteria (median age: 38 years; interquartile range: 22‐47). Only 27.6% of patients with PCD had UPSIT scores within the normosmia range. The UPSIT median scores of each PCD age group were significantly lower than the median scores of the controls (P < .0001 for each age group). UPSIT scores generally worsened with age: mean 33 (mild hyposmia) for 15 to 29 years, 26.8 (moderate hyposmia) for 30 to 44 years, and 20.9 (severe hyposmia) for 45+ years. The most common genes coded were absent inner dynein arm/microtubule disorientation (IDA/MTD) defect (11/24, 45.8%), followed by absent outer dynein arm defect (8/24, 33.3%). The CCDC39 gene (IDA/MTD) was associated with worse olfactory dysfunction.ConclusionIndividuals with PCD have a substantially higher prevalence and degree of olfactory dysfunction compared to age‐matched controls. Our study is the first to report greater olfactory dysfunction with age in PCD patients, highlighting an important area for research.
Identification and functional characterization of UDP‐glycosyltransferase genes involved in cyetpyrafen resistance in Panonychus citri (McGregor)
Authors: Cong Lin , Li Si‐Chen , Wei Zhi‐Tang , Yu Shi‐Jiang , Huang Ze‐Hao , Cui Yang‐Yang , Yang Qi‐Qi , Ding Li‐Li , Pan Qi , Liu Liu , Li Yang , Ran Chun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDCyetpyrafen is a newly developed acaricide. The citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), is an important citrus pest that has developed resistance to cyetpyrafen. Uridine diphosphate‐glycosyltransferases (UGTs) have been widely reported to be associated with resistance to multiple acaricides. However, it has been rarely documented that UGT genes participate in cyetpyrafen resistance in P. citri.RESULTSIn this study, a significantly upregulated UGT gene, PcUGT201E1, was identified in P. citri using transcriptome analysis. Expression of PcUGT201E1 was significantly upregulated at all stages in the cyetpyrafen‐resistant strain and silencing PcUGT201E1 significantly increased the susceptibility of P. citri to cyetpyrafen. Molecular docking of PcUGT201E1 with uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and cyetpyrafen indicated that UDPG and cyetpyrafen can interact with PcUGT202E1 via hydrogen bonds. Heterologous expression and in vitro functional assays revealed that enzyme activity could be inhibited by cyetpyrafen and that recombinant PcUGT201E1 can deplete cyetpyrafen.CONCLUSIONThese results indicated that PcUGT201E1 participates in cyetpyrafen resistance in P. citri by sequestration, and provided a molecular foundation for understanding cyetpyrafen resistance in P. citri. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Fatigue performance of composite dowels under combination of shear and tension
Authors: Xiong Zhihua , Li Jiaqi , Wolters Kevin , Mou Xulin , Feldmann Markus 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe fatigue performance of composite dowels is of great significance, especially for a combination load case of shear and tension. However, this combination load case has not been accounted in the fatigue analysis of composite dowels so far. Therefore, this article presents both the experimental and theoretical studies of steel component's fatigue performance in composite dowels under the load combination. A fracture mechanics‐based theory of critical distance model was developed, and it was validated by a special designed fatigue experiment. The fatigue test rig was tilted and set with two hinges. By parametric numeric analysis, the steel teeth plate's thickness effect and tension effect on the fatigue behaviour were explored. The fatigue detail classifications of the joints are proposed as engineering design guidance based on EN 1993‐1‐9 and International Institute Welding provisions.
Revolutionizing prognosis: Introducing cell death index (CDI) as a powerful prognostic tool for CSCC patients
Authors: Tang Rongjun , Yao Qing , Zhang Ke , Yu Qingqing , Lou Jun , Li Lingdi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundCervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) threatens the body health of women worldwide. This study aimed to foster a new concept of prognostic indicator named cell death index (CDI).MethodsRNA‐seq and scRNA‐seq datasets were downloaded from the GEO and TCGA database as the training and validation cohorts. Programmed cell death (PCD)‐related gene signatures were obtained from published research. The construction of prognostic model was performed based on CDI value. Patients with CSCC were divided into high‐ and low‐CDI groups. We explored the differences in overall survival time, immune infiltration, mutation status, and drug sensitivity between high and low CDI groups by R software.ResultsWe constructed prognostic model to calculate the CDI value with 23 genes. Patients with high CDI have shorter survival time than those with low CDI. CDI was considered a risk factor compared to other characteristics. The nomogram model estimated overall survival (OS) at 1, 3, and 6 years, with age, Stage, and CDI, indicating the accuracy of the model in predicting 1‐, 3‐, and 6‐year survival rates. CDI values were negatively correlated with most immune checkpoint genes. We measured the significant drug sensitivity of Mitoxantrone, Sabutoclax, Sepantronium bromide, Topotecan, BI‐2536, and BMS‐754807 between high‐ and low‐CDI groups with significant correlation.ConclusionThis investigation constructed a novel effective prognostic indicator of CDI in patients with CSCC and identified potential genes associated with cell death that could be targeted for prognosis and treatment of CSCC.
Comparison of continuous glucose monitoring with self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 1 diabetes in the changing atmospheric pressures in aviation: a hypobaric flight simulation
Authors: Fan Ka Siu , Manoli Antonios , Baumann Petra M. , Shojaee-Moradie Fariba , Jeivad Fereshteh , Koehler Gerd , Cigler Monika , Umpleby A. Margot , Russell-Jones David , Mader Julia K. ,   EASA Diabetes Consortium, Mathieu Chantal , Russell-Jones David , Eekhoff E. Marelise W. , Hutchison Ewan , Shojaee-Moradie Fariba , Strollo Felice , Koehler Gerd , Roberts Graham , Mader Julia K. , Cigler Monika , Mecani Renald , Helsdingen Richard , Mitchell Stuart , Pieber Thomas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aim/hypothesis
Pilots with type 1 diabetes are required to perform capillary glucose monitoring regularly during flights. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) may be an effective and more practical alternative. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of CGM systems against self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) during a hypobaric flight simulation.

Methods
Twelve insulin pump users with type 1 diabetes were studied using two simulation protocols. Protocol A consisted of a ground phase, ascent, a 190 min cruise with ingestion of a liquid meal, descent and then ground. Protocol B consisted of a ground phase, ascent, a 60 min cruise while fasting, descent, a 20 min ground phase, ascent, a second flight of 120 min with ingestion of a meal, followed by descent and ground. Insulin was administered with or before the meal according to the participants’ carbohydrate-counting regimen during both protocols. In Protocol A, capillary, interstitial and plasma glucose were measured during flight and at ground, while in Protocol B, glucose and oxygen were measured. Measurements from three CGM brands and two SMBG devices were recorded during the flight simulations. Findings at cabin pressures during flight (550 mmHg) and ground (750 mmHg) were compared. Fasted and postprandial glucose measurements were analysed using Spearman’s correlations and mean absolute relative differences (MARDs).

Results
Eleven men and one woman (n=6 men in Protocol A; n=5 men and n=1 woman in Protocol B) were studied. A total of 1533 data points were recorded. During flight vs ground level, Spearman’s correlations for CGM system- and SMBG-derived glucose values were very strong in both Protocol A (r=0.96 during flight vs r=0.94 at ground) and Protocol B (r=0.85 during flight vs r=0.69 at ground). The differences in aggregated CGM MARDs during flight vs ground level were minimal across Protocol A (11.85%; 95% CI [9.78, 13.92] vs 9.08%; 95% CI [7.02, 11.14]) and Protocol B (12.01%; 95% CI [3.34, 20.69] vs 12.97%; 95% CI [4.30, 21.65]).

Conclusions/interpretation
The performance of CGM systems and SMBG are comparable during flight-associated atmospheric pressure changes. All tested measurement devices for CGM and SMBG were suitable for diabetes-care-based decisions during flight simulation.

Graphical Abstract
Inadequate sleep hygiene as a key factor in poor sleep quality in systemic sclerosis: an observational, cross-sectional study
Authors: Gokcen Neslihan , Komac Andac , Tuncer Kuru Fatma , Ozdemir Isik Ozlem , Temiz Karadag Duygu , Yazici Ayten , Cefle Ayse 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the relationship between sleep hygiene and sleep quality in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to compare the sleep hygiene and sleep quality outcomes across three distinct groups: SSc patients, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and healthy controls (HC). This study employed an observational, cross-sectional, and parallel group design. SSc-related and RA-related variables, depression and anxiety were assessed. Physical function and quality of life, pain and fatigue of SSc patients were also evaluated. Sleep quality using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and sleep hygiene using the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI) were evaluated for all participants. Linear regression analysis was performed to show the relationship between the SHI scores and the other variables. Total PSQI and SHI scores were found to be significantly higher in SSc patients than in RA patients and HC. Fatigue, smoking, all SF-36 domains, depression and anxiety scores were associated with SHI scores in SSc patients. In the univariate logistic regression analysis, SSc patients exhibited 4.50 times higher odds (95% CI 2.165–9.353, p < 0.001) of experiencing poor sleep than RA patients and HC. In SSc patients, for every incremental increase in SHI score, the odds of poor sleep quality were 1.15 times higher (95% CI 1.093–1.220, p < 0.001). Sleep hygiene and sleep quality exhibit a more pronounced deterioration in SSc patients. Inadequate sleep hygiene is associated with compromised sleep quality in SSc. Therefore, improving sleep hygiene practices may be a key strategy to enhance the overall sleep quality in this population.