bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A low‐cost system for monitoring skin conductance during functional MRI
Authors: Shastri Ananda , Lomarev Mikhail P. , Nelson Stephen J. , George Mark S. , Holzwarth Matthew R. , Bohning Daryl E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe built a low‐cost system for monitoring human skin conductance responses (SCRs) in a clinical magnetic resonance (MR) scanner during functional imaging. The average scanner‐induced conductance noise level was suppressed sufficiently to allow SCR measurements over the full range of SCR amplitudes, and functional image signal‐to‐noise ratio was unaffected by the skin conductance apparatus. The system may be useful for a variety of imaging studies. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;14:187–193. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Method for quantitative mapping of dynamic MRI contrast agent uptake in human tumors
Authors: Rijpkema Mark , Kaanders Johannes H.A.M. , Joosten Frank B.M. , van der Kogel Albert J. , Heerschap Arend 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA method is presented for the acquisition and analysis of dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI data, focused on the characterization of tumors in humans. Gadolinium (Gd) contrast was administered by bolus injection, and its effect was monitored in time by fast T1‐weighted MRI. A simple algorithm was developed for automatic extraction of the arterial input function (AIF) from the DCE‐MRI data. This AIF was used in the pixelwise pharmacokinetic determination of physiological vascular parameters in normal and tumor tissue. Maps were reconstructed to show the spatial distribution of parameter values. To test the reproducibility of the method 11 patients with different types of tumors were measured twice, and the rate of contrast agent uptake in the tumor was calculated. The results show that normalizing the DCE‐MRI data using individual coregistered AIFs, instead of one common AIF for all patients, substantially reduces the variation between successive measurements. It is concluded that the proposed method enables the reproducible assessment of contrast agent uptake rates. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;14:457–463. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis delta virus genotypes I and III circulate associated with hepatitis B virus genotype F In Venezuela
Authors: Quintero Alberto , Uzcátegui Nathalie , Loureiro Carmen Luisa , Villegas Leopolodo , Illarramendi Ximena , Guevara Maria Eugenia , Ludert Juan Ernesto , Blitz Linda , Liprandi Ferdinando , Pujol Flor Helene 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe genotypes of hepatitis B (HBV) and delta (HDV) viruses circulating among Venezuelan Amerindian populations, where these viruses are endemic, were determined by sequencing of PCR amplified products from HBsAg positive sera. HDV genotype I (n = 7, 6 from West Amerindians), and III (n = 5, 4 from South Amerindians), were found. Only one HDV genotype I isolate was associated with HBV genotype D, 4 HDV genotype I and 2 HDV genotype III infected individuals were co‐infected with HBV genotype F. The failure to detect the South American HDV genotype III in West Amerindians might be related to the outbreak of fulminant hepatitis with high mortality rate occurred between 1979 and 1982, probably affecting more the Amerindians infected with HDV genotype III. These results suggest the circulation of HDV genotype I among Amerindians, probably introduced through European immigrations, and that this HDV genotype is able to replicate in association with HBV genotype F. J. Med. Virol. 64:356–359, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pseudotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus‐bearing envelope antigens of certain HIV‐1 strains permissively infect human syncytiotrophoblasts cultured in vitro: Implications for in vivo infection of syncytiotrophoblasts by cell‐free HIV‐1
Authors: Bácsi Attila , Ebbesen Peter , Szabó Judit , Beck Zoltán , Andirkó István , Csoma Eszter , Tóth Ferenc D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIntrauterine infection of the fetus is clearly an important mode of vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1). The syncytiotrophoblast layer of the human placenta must be traversed by HIV‐1 in order to reach underlying cells and fetal capillaries. Although HIV‐1 has been detected in the syncytiotrophoblast layer in situ, there is conflicting evidence regarding infection of syncytiotrophoblast cells with cell‐free virus. The phenotypic mixing between HIV‐1 and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has been exploited to assay the susceptibility of human term syncytiotrophoblast cells to penetration by various strains of HIV‐1. VSV(HIV‐1IIIB) and VSV(HIV‐1Ba‐L) pseudotypes were found to enter syncytiotrophoblast cells. In contrast, VSV pseudotyped with envelope glycoproteins of RF, MN, or Ada‐M strains of HIV‐1 did not infect syncytiotrophoblasts. Plating efficiency of VSV(HIV‐1IIIB) and VSV(HIV‐1Ba‐L) was 10‐fold lower on syncytiotrophoblasts than on T‐cells and macrophages, respectively. Incubation of VSV(HIV‐1IIIB) and VSV(HIV‐1Ba‐L) viruses with appropriate HIV‐1 neutralizing sera before infection strongly inhibited entry of pseudotyped VSV into syncytiotrophoblast cells. These findings demonstrated that infection of syncytiotrophoblasts with VSV(HIV‐1) pseudotypes was mediated by Env from IIIB and Ba‐L strains of HIV‐1. Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to CD4, CXCR4, CCR5, and CCR3 were tested for their ability to block VSV(HIV‐1) infection of syncytiotrophoblast cells. Neither the anti‐CD4 nor the anti‐CXCR4, anti‐CCR5, and anti‐CCR3 MAb had any inhibitory effect on infection of syncytiotrophoblast cells with VSV(HIV‐1) pseudotypes. Results from this study suggest that cell‐free HIV‐1 can enter syncytiotrophoblasts and the susceptibility of these cells to penetration by the virus is strain dependent. Pseudotype infection merely demonstrates that the first steps in HIV‐1 replication are possible in syncytiotrophoblast cells. J. Med. Virol. 64:387–397, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lack of effect of chemokine receptor CCR2b gene polymorphism (64I) on HIV‐1 plasma RNA viral load and immune activation among HIV‐1 seropositive female workers in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Adjé Christiane A. , Bilé Célestin E. , Kestens Luc , Koblavi‐Deme Stéphania , Ghys Peter D. , Maurice Chantal , Kalou‐Badirou Mireille , Kabran N'guessan , Ekpini Réné E. , Roels Thierry H. , Wiktor Stefan Z. , Nkengasong John N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe prevalence of the CCR2b–V64I mutation among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐seropositive and ‐seronegative female workers and the potential effect of heterozygosity of this mutation on HIV‐1 plasma RNA viral load and markers of immune activation were assessed. CCR2b–V64I was detected by polymerase chain reaction, followed by restriction enzymes analysis; plasma viral load was measured by the Amplicor HIV‐1 monitor assay and CD4+ T‐cell counts and markers of immune activation by standard three‐color FACscan flow cytometry. Of the 260 female workers, 56 (21.5%) were heterozygous for CCR2b–V64I, and 8 (3%) were homozygous. Of the 99 HIV‐seronegative female workers, 19 (19.2%) were heterozygous for the CCR2b–V64I mutation compared with 37 (23%) of the 161 HIV‐seropositive FSW (P = 0.47). In a univariate analysis of viral load among HIV‐seropositive FSW, no difference was noted between those heterozygous for or without the mutation; both groups had plasma viral loads of 5.0 log10 copies/ml. After controlling for the effects of CD4+ T‐cell counts in a multivariate analysis, no significant difference was observed between the groups in viral load or in markers of immune activation. The data suggest that the presence of the CCR2b mutation has no effect on HIV‐1 plasma viral load and markers of immune activation in our study population. The finding that the frequency of this mutation is similar in HIV‐seropositive and ‐seronegative female workers suggests that its presence is not associated with increased risk of HIV infection. J. Med. Virol. 64:398–401, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evolution of the E2 region of hepatitis C virus in an infant infected by mother‐to‐infant transmission
Authors: Sitia Giovanni , Cella Davide , De Mitri Maria Stella , Novati Roberto , Foppa Caterina Uberti , Perackis Katarina , Bianchi Cesare , Lazzarin Adriano , Morsica Giulia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo demonstrate vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus from an HCV infected woman and to assess the evolution of HCV quasispecies in the infant, the variable E2 region was analyzed in one mother‐infant pair at birth and in serial samples from the infected baby. Sequence analysis of the E2 region obtained by means of direct sequencing of PCR products of mother‐infant pair at birth, showed that the sequence of the dominant strain in the infant was related closely but not identical to that of her mother. The HCV population in mother‐infant pair at birth and in serial samples of the infant was analyzed by polymerase‐chain reaction‐mediated Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism analysis (SSCP), which can distinguish DNA fragments of the same size as different electrophoretic migration of single stranded DNA. Single Strand Polymorphism analysis revealed that the infant was infected with two mutant genomes whereas the mother had a unique variant. The prevalent strain detected in the baby was not dominant in the mother at delivery and the pattern of quasispecies in the infant at birth was not the same as her mother, suggesting that the infant acquired the infection in utero. Changes in the dominant strain and evolution of the pattern of quasispecies in the infant from the 10th month of age were possibly due to the immune selection of escape mutants. J. Med. Virol. 64:476–481, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence and age distribution of human herpesvirus‐8 specific antibodies in hungarian blood donors
Authors: Juhász Attila , Remenyik Éva , Kónya József , Veress György , Bégány Ágnes , Andirkó István , Medgyessy Ildikó , Hunyadi János , Gergely Lajos 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSera of blood donors were investigated by a peptide ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence assay to assess the prevalence of HHV‐8 infection in the Hungarian population. A 14 amino acid long synthetic oligopeptide from the carboxyterminus of orf65/small virus capsid antigen was used as antigen in the ELISA. ELISA results were confirmed by recombinant orf65 antigen Western blot. Antibodies to the latent nuclear antigen were detected by the immunofluorescence assay. Nine of 12 sera obtained from patients with classical Kaposi sarcoma were reactive by ELISA whereas all were positive by immunofluorescence. Four of 482 (0.83%) healthy blood donors had anti‐orf65 peptide antibodies and 17/1089 (1.56%) had antibodies to the latent nuclear antigen. In a group of children ages 1–14 years, antibodies to the latent nuclear antigen (0/29) were not detected. The prevalence of antibodies to the latent nuclear antigen showed a moderate but significant increase in correlation with senescence. In the Kaposi sarcoma patients, the titre of antibodies to the latent nuclear antigen was significantly higher than in the healthy seropositive donors. The overall HHV‐8 seroprevalence by the two assays was 2.28% (11/482) in the Hungarian blood donor group. J. Med. Virol. 64:526–530, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MIP‐1α and MIP‐1β induction by dengue virus
Authors: Spain‐Santana Tammy A. , Marglin Stephanie , Ennis Francis A. , Rothman Alan L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDengue virus (DV) infection can result in either a mild febrile illness known as dengue fever (DF) or a life‐threatening disease called dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). DHF is more prevalent in patients undergoing secondary DV infection. This observation has led to the hypothesis that DHF may be the result of immune reactions to the secondary DV infection; an event termed immunopathology. Two cellular factors, MIP‐1α and MIP‐1β, have been found to be induced by infection with DV. MIP‐1 induction by DV infection was observed in a myelomonocytic cell line, as well as in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from a dengue naive donor. MIP‐1 induction was not due to factors secreted by infected cells. In fact, replication‐competent virus was required to induce MIP‐1. Evidence is also provided that MIP‐1 genes are expressed in patients with dengue disease. It is hypothesized that these chemokines may have roles in the immunopathology of dengue infections and may contribute to fever and bone marrow suppression observed in patients with DV infections. J. Med. Virol. 65:324–330, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mixed cryoglobulinaemia and chronic hepatitis C virus infection: The rheumatic manifestations
Authors: Leone N. , Pellicano R. , Maiocco I. Ariata , Modena V. , Marietti G. , Rizzetto M. , Ponzetto A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe prevalence of rheumatologic symptoms in patients with mixed cryoglobulinaemia associated to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was investigated. One hundred fourteen patients (96 female, mean age 63.5 years) with chronic HCV infection and cryoglobulinaemia were recruited. The presence, concentration, and type of cryoglobulins were tested by immunofixation. Rheumatoid factor (RF) and antinuclear antibody (ANA) were also measured. Rheumatological related symptoms were investigated by anamnesis and clinical evaluation. HCV genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with genotype specific primer. Type II cryoglobulinaemia was identified in 39 cases and it was of type III in 58. HCV‐RNA genotype was determined in 62 patients: 47 (76%) were infected by genotype1b, 8 (13%) by genotype 2a, while other genotypes were less common. RF and ANA were, respectively, present in 36 (31.5 %) and 4 (3.5 %) patients at low titre (RF < 50 UI/ml, ANA < 1:80). Of the 114 patients, 51 (44.7%) complained for rheumatological symptoms. The mean cryocrit value in these patients was 2,6 %, while in patients with HCV infection, liver disease, and cryoglobulinaemia without rheumatological symptoms the cryocrit value was lower than 0.5% in 50% of cases. It is concluded that patients with chronic HCV infection reported a wide variety of rheumatological manifestations, impairing their quality of life, with discrete frequency. These results suggest that HCV infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of rheumatological symptoms of unknown origin. J. Med. Virol. 66:200–203, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis E virus infection in haemodialysis patients: A case‐control study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ayoola E.A. , Want M.A. , Gadour M.O.E.H. , Al‐Hazmi M.H. , Hamza M.K.M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo determine the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis E virus (IgM anti‐HEV) among haemodialysis patients and evaluate whether there was an increased risk of infection and exposure to HEV in an area of endemic viral hepatitis, serum samples obtained from 83 Saudi patients on chronic haemodialysis (group 1), 400 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy subjects (group 2) and hospital patients (group 3) were tested for the IgM anti‐HEV and IgG anti‐HEV. The prevalence of anti‐HEV among the patients (group 1) and the healthy controls were 4.8% and 0.3%, respectively. The difference (4.5%) was statistically significant, with a calculated odds ratio (OR) of 20.2 (95% CI = 2.1–481.0; P = 0.0002). In contrast, there was no significant difference in the prevalence rates of IgG anti‐HEV (7.2% vs 10.8%) in both groups. In nonhaemodialysis patients with various diseases, 1.6% (1 of 64) of outpatients (group 3) and none (0 of 113) of the ward patients (group 4) was positive for IgM anti‐HEV. Thus, the prevalence (4 of 83) of IgM anti‐HEV in the haemodialysis patients was significantly higher than the rate (1 of 177) in the combined groups of nonhaemodialysis hospital patients. The calculated OR was 8.9 (95% CI = 0.92, 212.8; P = 0.037). IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus (IgM anti‐HAV) was not detected in any subjects, and the prevalence rates of IgG anti‐HAV were similar in the patients and controls (72.3% and 74.3% in groups 1 and 2, respectively, and 75.7% combined groups 3 and 4). The study indicated a significantly higher risk of acute HEV infection among patients on chronic haemodialysis. It is possible that these were nosocomial infections acquired by person‐to‐person transmission in the haemodialysis unit. However, it is more probable that the infections were community acquired, a conclusion supported albeit indirectly by the lack of a significant difference between the prevalence in haemodialysis patients (4.8%) and outpatients (1.6%). In areas of endemic HEV, appropriate strategies should be adopted to prevent the risk of HEV among haemodialysis patients. J. Med. Virol. 66:329‐334, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spread of hepatitis E virus among different‐aged pigs: two‐year survey in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Jaw‐Ching , Chen Chuan‐Mu , Chiang Tzen‐Yuh , Tsai Wen‐Hsuan , Jeng Wen‐Juei , Sheen I‐Jane , Lin Chen‐Chun , Meng Xiang‐Jin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSwine are reservoirs of hepatitis E virus (HEV). In this study, a 2‐year survey of HEV in feces and sera of swine was conducted to determine if: 1) HEV has circulated among pigs for some time in Taiwan; 2) the spread of HEV among different‐aged pigs; and 3) there exists HEV strains possibly imported through trading. From 1998–2000, 521 serum samples and 54 fecal specimens from pigs were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. None of the 11 pigs in suckling stage (< 2 months) were serum HEV RNA positive. The highest viremia rate (4.5%) was in pigs of 2 months age, followed by 1.2% and 1.8% in pigs of growing (3–4 months) and finishing stages (5–6 months), and none in pigs older than 6 months. Viremia showed little variation in different years and areas. None of the 20 fecal samples from pigs in suckling stage were HEV RNA positive, whereas 9% of the 34 samples from pigs in growing or finishing stages were positive. Most swine HEV isolates in Taiwan clustered within the genotype 4, whereas the three HEV isolates cloned from pigs imported recently from the U.S. belonged to the genotype 3 HEV in the U.S. The results suggest that HEV may infect pigs at an early growing stage and spread unnoticed among pigs and possibly across countries through trading. J. Med. Virol. 66:488–492, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enterovirus meningitis in adults in 1999–2000 and evaluation of clinical management
Authors: Peigue‐Lafeuille Hélène , Croquez Nicolas , Laurichesse Henri , Clavelou Pierre , Aumaître Olivier , Schmidt Jeannot , Maillet‐Vioud Marcel , Henquell Cécile , Archimbaud Christine , Bailly Jean‐Luc , Chambon Martine 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEnterovirus meningitis is well documented in children. However, there is a paucity of reports in adults, despite the availability of genome detection (RT‐PCR) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provides a rapid and reliable diagnosis. The clinical course and management of 30 cases of entero‐virus proven meningitis prospectively diagnosed between August 1999 and November 2000 in immunocompetent adults were analysed, and laboratory and clinical strategies evaluated. Patient age ranged between 17 and 43 (median 29). The analysis of clinical, biological, and epidemiological data showed the difficulty of recognising enterovirus meningitis in adults. Characteristic symptoms were either inconstant (the association of fever/headache/stiff neck) or misleading (the presence of vesicular lesions). CSF data showed moderate pleocytosis but a predominance of lymphocytes in only 12/27 (44%) patients. An epidemiological background was present in 10/30 (33%) patients, but 10/30 (33%) patients were admitted during cold months. Consequently, although the detection of enterovirus genome in CSF was positive in all cases, the results were communicated within a median of 6 days [2–9] after admission, mainly because the aetiology was not considered early enough. Management of patients varied between departments and between individual physicians, with measures ranging from computed tomography (33%) to the prescription of aciclovir (20%) or antibiotics (53%). Enterovirus meningitis should not be underestimated in adults. Management could be improved and standardised, and costs reduced by more systematic year‐round use of enterovirus RT‐PCR in meningitis, provided results are rapid. J. Med. Virol. 67:47–53, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hemorrhagic fever occurs after intravenous, but not after intragastric, inoculation of rhesus macaques with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
Authors: Lukashevich Igor S. , Djavani Mahmoud , Rodas Juan D. , Zapata Juan C. , Usborne Amy , Emerson Carol , Mitchen Jacque , Jahrling Peter B. , Salvato Maria S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractArenaviruses can cause hemorrhagic fever and death in primates and guinea pigs, but these viruses are not highly pathogenic for most rodent carriers. In the United States, arenaviruses precipitated outbreaks of hepatitis in captive monkeys, and they present an emerging health threat in the tropical areas of Africa and South America. We describe infection of rhesus macaques with the prototype arenavirus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), using the WE strain that has been known to cause both encephalopathy and multifocal hemorrhage. Five macaques were inoculated: two by the intravenous (i.v.) and three by the intragastric (i.g.) route. Whereas the two i.v.‐inoculated monkeys developed signs and lesions consistent with fatal hemorrhagic fever, the i.g.‐inoculated monkeys had an attenuated infection with no disease. Pathological signs of the primate i.v. infection differ significantly from guinea pig arenavirus infections and make this a superior model for human viral hemorrhagic disease. J. Med. Virol. 67:171–186, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of inactive ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase in normal mouse muscle and its increased activity in dystrophic Lama2dy mice
Authors: García‐Ayllón M. Salud , Campoy F. Javier , Vidal Cecilio J. , Muñoz‐Delgado Encarnación 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEcto‐5′‐nucleotidase (eNT) activity and protein in normal (NM) and merosin‐deficient dystrophic (DM) Lama2dy mice muscle were studied. eNT activity in DM was three‐ to four‐fold that in NM. eNT in NM and DM displayed the same kinetic properties. Slot and Western blotting revealed that the immunoreactive protein was two to three times more abundant in control muscle, when NM and DM samples with the same eNT activity were compared, indicating that mouse muscle contains catalytically inactive eNT components. eNT activity and protein peaks coincided in sedimentation analyses, revealing that inactive eNT occurs as dimers. Most eNT activity and protein of NM bound to Lens culinaris (LCA) or Ricinus communis (RCA) agglutinins, but half of the activity and one‐third of the protein bound to wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Although WGA interaction did not permit full separation of inactive eNT, the results suggest that similar proportions of active species with and without WGA reactivity occur in mouse muscle, whereas a great fraction of the inactive eNT variants lack WGA reactivity. Because the level of eNT protein was little modified in DM, the higher eNT activity in dystrophic than in control muscle may result from misregulation in the synthesis of active and inactive eNT species or from conversion of inactive into active components. J. Neurosci. Res. 66:656–665, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.