bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of vitamin D‐regulated gene expression in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells using cDNA microarrays
Authors: Krishnan Aruna V. , Shinghal Rajesh , Raghavachari Nalini , Brooks James D. , Peehl Donna M. , Feldman David 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBACKGROUND1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] exerts growth inhibitory, pro‐differentiating, and pro‐apoptotic effects on prostate cells. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these actions, we employed cDNA microarrays to study 1,25(OH)2D3‐regulated gene expression in the LNCaP human prostate cancer cells.METHODSmRNA isolated from LNCaP cells treated with vehicle or 50 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 for various lengths of time were hybridized to microarrays carrying approximately 23,000 genes. Some of the putative target genes revealed by the microarray analysis were verified by real‐time PCR assays.RESULTS1,25(OH)2D3 most substantially increased the expression of the insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐3 (IGFBP‐3) gene. Our analysis also revealed several novel 1,25(OH)2D3‐responsive genes. Interestingly, some of the key genes regulated by 1,25(OH)2D3 are also androgen‐responsive genes. 1,25(OH)2D3 also down‐regulated genes that mediate androgen catabolism.CONCLUSIONSThe putative 1,25(OH)2D3 target genes appear to be involved in a variety of cellular functions including growth regulation, differentiation, membrane transport, cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, DNA repair, and inhibition of metastasis. The up‐regulation of IGFBP‐3 gene has been shown to be crucial in 1,25(OH)2D3‐mediated inhibition of LNCaP cell growth. 1,25(OH)2D3 regulation of androgen‐responsive genes as well as genes involved in androgen catabolism suggests that there are interactions between 1,25(OH)2D3 and androgen signaling pathways in LNCaP cells. Further studies on the role of these genes and others in mediating the anti‐cancer effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 may lead to better approaches to the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ca2+ currents in smooth muscle cells isolated from human prostate
Authors: Sui G.P. , Wu C. , Fry C.H. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of the investigation was to demonstrate the presence of voltage‐dependent Ca2+ current in human prostate smooth muscle cells and to determine their biophysical characteristics.METHODSProstate smooth muscle cells were isolated from biopsy samples of human prostates obtained from prostatectomy specimens or TURP chips. Electrophysiological recordings were made under current‐ or voltage‐clamp using patch‐type electrodes.RESULTSThe average resting potential of prostate myocytes was 63 ± 11 mV and action potentials (APs) could be elicited when K+ currents were blocked. With K‐filled electrodes inward current was followed by a large outward component. When K+ currents were blocked a large Ca2+‐sensitive inward current was measured. The inward current could be divided into two components, a fraction blocked by 30 μM verapamil and another by 20 μM NiCl2.CONCLUSIONSBased on the sensitivity to antagonists and holding potential both L‐type and T‐type Ca2+ channels were identified in human prostate smooth muscle. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Osteopontin enhances the cell proliferation induced by the epidermal growth factor in human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Angelucci Adriano , Festuccia Claudio , Gravina Giovanni Luca , Muzi Paola , Bonghi Loriana , Vicentini Carlo , Bologna Mauro 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDSusceptibility to extracellular matrix and growth factors has been demonstrated to play a critical role in the development of prostate cancer (PCa) metastases. The aim of this study was to elucidate some mechanisms by which stroma controls tumor progression.METHODSIn our study we tested the growth ability of the LNCaP human prostatic cell line in steroid‐free culture conditions in response to osteopontin (OPN), a non‐collageneous matrix protein, localized in large amounts in the bone.RESULTSIn the LNCaP cell model, OPN stimulates cell proliferation in serum‐free medium and colony growth at high dilution but this effect is visible only in presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF). Proliferation induced by OPN is accompanied by a sustained activation of EGF receptor (EGFR) whose phosphorylation is detectable up to 12 hr after treatment in association with EGF. The colocalization of integrin β1, a ligand of OPN, and of EGFR on the cellular membrane, suggests that the association of these cell surface receptors may be the principal mechanism involved in the long‐term activation of the EGFR.CONCLUSIONSOur data describe a new possible mechanism involved in the establishment of bone metastases which may also account for the formation of androgen‐independent cellular clones, frequently responsible of the clinical progression of PCa. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantum concepts and complex systems
Authors: Brändas Erkki J. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn this tribute to Ilya Prigogine, we refer to his fundamental presentation of the two conflicting views of nature: on one hand, the deterministic time‐reversible exposition, and on the other, the evolutionary irreversible character of the universe. This consideration leads to the closely related notion of complexity or complex system calling for new perspectives concerning the description of natural phenomena. In this development, the Brussels school has played and continues to play a leading role as originator, designer, guide, and inspirator. The current contribution focuses on special issues that apply to various levels of organization, that is, starting from the microscopic arriving via the mesoscopic to the macroscopic level. We particularly confront the basic question, namely, the location of the origin, if any, of self‐organization. It is argued that the emergence of generic time scales and the formulation of general nonadiabatic procedures, containing cooperative physical principles, are all interconnected. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Ensemble dynamics of chaos
Authors: Driebe Dean J. , Hasegawa Hiroshi H. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractSystems of deterministic chaos demonstrate that the ensemble and trajectory descriptions of dynamics are not equivalent. This is shown through explicit constructions of the generalized spectral decompositions of the time evolution operator for probability densities. This realizes part of the long‐standing goal of the Brussels–Austin groups directed by Ilya Prigogine to elucidate the dynamical foundations of irreversibility. A brief review of the main aspects of the work are given here along with a new derivation of the fractality of eigenstates in some systems and a discussion of a Lyapunov functional in an unstable Hamiltonian system. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Space–time intrinsic randomness of dynamical systems and statistical mechanics
Authors: Courbage M. , Kamiński B. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe concept of intrinsically random systems is introduced to modelize a class of dynamical systems that can be transformed exactly, through positivity preserving invertible transformations or projections, into strongly irreversible Markov processes. The property holds for all K‐dynamical evolutions. Systems of infinite noninteracting particles, such as Ideal gas and Lorentz gas, are described by Poisson distributions over one‐particle phase space. As dynamical systems, they have strong mixing properties: they are K‐systems. Therefore, the intrinsic randomness property seems not to discriminate between Lorentz gas and Ideal gas. We show that a discrimination between them requires the consideration, in the thermodynamic limit, of multidimensional space–time group. The concept of intrinsic randomness is extended to such Zd‐actions and K‐property of the action is proved to be a necessary and sufficient condition of space–time intrinsic randomness. This leads to a discrimination between the Lorentz gas, which is space–time intrinsically random, and the Ideal gas, which is not. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Dynamic tunneling and scattering resonances
Authors: Akguc G. B. , Reichl L. E. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA new type of quantum billiard, the ripple billiard, allows us to use reaction matrix theory to study the effect of dynamic tunneling on scattering processes in systems for which the underlying classical phase space contains a mixture of chaotic and regular orbits. We find that large scattering resonances occur due to dynamic tunneling of the quantum particle into classically forbidden nonlinear resonance regions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Fluctuation–dissipation–dispersion relations for a time and space nonlocal plasma
Authors: Belyi V. V. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractUsing the Langevin approach and the multiscale technique, a kinetic theory of the time and space nonlocal fluctuations in the collisional plasma is constructed. In local equilibrium, a generalized version of the Callen–Welton theorem is derived. It is shown that not only the dissipation, but also the time and space derivatives of the dispersion, determine the amplitude and the width of the spectrum lines of the electrostatic field fluctuations, as well as the form factor. There appear to be significant differences with respect to the nonuniform plasma. In the kinetic regime, the form factor is more sensible to space gradient than the spectral function of the electrostatic field fluctuations. As a result of inhomogeneity, these proprieties became asymmetric with respect to the inversion of the frequency sign. The differences in amplitude of peaks could become a new tool with which to diagnose slow time and space variations in the plasma. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Thermodynamic field theory with applications
Authors: Sonnino Giorgio 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThermodynamic field theory (TFT) allows us to deal with thermodynamic systems submitted even to strong nonequilibrium conditions. The theory formulated in this article enables us to find field equations whose solutions give the generalized relations between the thermodynamic forces and their conjugate flows. It will be shown that evolution of thermodynamic systems is well described in Weyl's space. In the particular case in which the thermodynamic forces and conjugate flows are linked only through a symmetric tensor (the metric tensor), the resulting geometry is Riemannian geometry. When Weyl's space is even‐dimensional, the thermodynamic space introduced in this study becomes a differentiable symplectic manifold. As an example of application, the thermoelectric effect and the unimolecular triangular chemical reaction are analyzed in great detail. The Field–Körös–Noyes model shows the theoretical treatment of a more complex chemical example. Theoretical analysis of materials simultaneously submitted to magnetic fields and electric currents can be found in previous articles. In this case, TFT foresees a new effect: the nonlinear Hall effect. The agreement between the theoretical predictions and experiments is discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
In Situ solidification—A case study at a former manufactured gas plant in Macon, Georgia
Authors: Oosterhoudt Jim , Olean Tim , Battaglia Alessandro 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn situ solidification (ISS) is a reliable, EPA‐recognized technology for the
treatment of industrial and waste sites. ISS was employed at a former manufactured gas plant (MGP) site
in Macon, Georgia, for the treatment of approximately 33,000 cubic yards of coal tar residues in the saturated zone
soil. The site is regulated by the Georgia Environmental Protection Division (EPD) under the Hazardous
Site Rehabilitation Act (HSRA) and is located approximately four blocks from downtown Macon. This article
will review the technical and regulatory basis for the successful use of this technology, provide an overview of
the treatability and pilot testing used to develop the design and implementation of the treatment process, and
present the results of the application of ISS to an MGP site. The results of groundwater monitoring, pre and
postremediation, will also be discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient browsing of digital libraries with the support of will‐be‐relevant information
Authors: Qu Yanhua , Sato Keizo , Nakashima Makoto , Ito Tetsuro 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis paper discusses a method of efficient browsing in digital libraries arranged so that similar documents are placed close to each other. The basic idea is that some relevant documents exhibit a high similarity to the query, and some other relevant documents exhibit a high similarity to documents that the user has already judged to be relevant. Based on this idea, a general efficient browsing method is presented in which the system successively learns the results of relevance judgments by the user and suggests the relevance of the document to be examined in the following stage. A control procedure for browsing is derived in which the whole image of the document arrangement is revealed, while repeatedly performing browsing for various queries. The effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated experimentally through comparison to the conventional method using ranking lists. Considering its use on the Internet, a navigator for browsing has also been designed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 35(4): 36–48, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10080
Computing scenario from knowledge with preferentially ordered hypotheses
Authors: Tahara Ikuo 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA method of computing scenario for knowledge including preferentially ordered hypotheses is proposed. Minimum conflict sets are found for competing hypothesis sets, and acceptable hypothesis sets are then found by applying preference relation to the minimum conflict sets; the disjunction of all elements of the acceptable hypothesis set thus obtained can be added to the fact set without contradiction. A fact set combined with all such disjunctions is considered a scenario, and is used for reasoning. Basically, the acceptability of hypothesis subsets for their minimal conflict sets is to be checked in order to obtain a scenario, which requires combinatorial calculations. A method is proposed to simplify such calculations; namely, acceptability is first checked for the single‐element hypothesis sets, and then set operations are employed to check the acceptability of an arbitrary hypothesis set. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 35(4): 19–26, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10429
Combining classifiers in error correcting output coding
Authors: Yamaguchi Nobuhiko , Ishii Naohiro 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe authors performed research on a pattern classifier using ECOC (Error Correcting Output Coding) which encodes learning patterns using error correction coding and then learns such that each discriminant function outputs the encoded values. In particular, in this research the authors focused on a method to decode the output of each discriminant function to class symbols, and then proposed a decoding method: WLS‐ECOC (ECOC combination strategy based on Weighted Least Squares). WLS‐ECOC estimated posterior probability for each class using the linear sum of the output of each discriminant function and then performed pattern recognition based on these posterior probabilities. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 35(4): 9–18, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10549
Where center of pressure should be controlled in biped upright posture
Authors: Ito Satoshi , Saka Yoshihisa , Kawasaki Haruhisa 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe stability of the upright posture of the biped system on horizontal ground has been evaluated in terms of the vertical projection of the center of gravity on the ground. Since the point of projection coincides with the center of pressure of the ground reaction force (CoP), so long as static equilibrium is maintained, robust control can be realized if the ground reaction force is directly controlled. Consequently, we modeled the upright standing state of the biped system by a two‐link system composed of the foot and the remainder and proposed a method of controlling the ground reaction force based on the output of the ankle joint. The method is equivalent to control of the CoP, but no detailed study of where the center should be controlled has been presented. This point is crucial if the foot is not symmetrical in the anterior–posterior direction, or if the ankle joint is located at a certain height, as in the case of humans. The purpose of this paper is to investigate this problem. Two control methods can be considered, depending on whether the evaluation criterion is defined as the minimum steady output of the ankle joint or as the stability margin. For each of the criteria, we analyze the stability and the steady‐state posture. To clarify the criterion by which humans perform control, the CoP was measured for humans in the upright posture. The results suggest that humans are less likely to use the minimum output of the ankle joint as the evaluation criterion. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 35(5): 23–31, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10559
Listing all rectangular drawings with certain properties
Authors: Takagi Masahiro , Nakano Shin‐ichi 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA plane drawing of a plane graph is called a rectangular drawing if every face (including the outer face) is a rectangle. An algorithm to generate all based rectangular drawings with maximum degree three is known. In this paper by generalizing the algorithm we give a simple algorithm to generate all based rectangular drawings having n faces without the degree constraint. The algorithm generates without duplications all rectangular drawings having exactly n faces in O(n) time per drawing. By modifying the algorithm we give three more algorithms to generate all rectangular drawings with certain properties. Those algorithms use O(n) space in total. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 35(4): 1–8, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10563
Intelligence and living systems: a decision‐making perspective
Authors: Kalaidjieva M. A. , Swanson G. A. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractM. A. Kalaidjieva identifies seven levels of complexity of intelligence. Her ideas are discussed in the context of living systems theory (LST). The levels of intelligence are defined on the concept of decision making within a perceptual‐motor arch (a sense–response construct). The discussion focuses on the increasing complexity of intelligence as life progresses to higher levels. The evolution of life from the relatively simple to the more complex underlies the advancing technology of the current information age, and, indeed, systems thinking itself. The discussion identifies important aspects of decision making that distinguish each higher level of complex intelligence, moving through biological, psychological, and sociological senses. Viewing Kalaidjieva's theory in the context of LST suggests expanding the levels to at least 12 and provides many details of how the increasing complexity emerges in living systems. The article consists of two major parts: (1) presentation of Kalaidjieva's theory of intelligence and introduction of ideas from LST that concern decision‐making, information, communications, and intelligence, and (2) a discussion of the convergence of the two theories. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linguistic adjustments: precursors to understanding complexity
Authors: Warfield John N. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThere is no well‐accepted, coherent language of systems science founded in correlated theoretical and empirical results that enables it to fill the requirements for people to work with complexity. A set of linguistic adjustments is proposed as a way of moving from the present state of the language toward a sorely needed, functional state of discursivity. The goal is to achieve a linguistic state of systems science that is commensurate with the needs of applications in many locales to redesign dysfunctional systems, both small and large, in society. A six‐component strategy for achieving this goal is described. The development of discursivity along the proposed lines is keyed to this strategy. Acceptance of these linguistic adjustments could do for systems science what Lavoisier did for chemistry over 200 years ago. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heavy‐metal and microbial depuration of the clam Ruditapes decussatus and its effect on bivalve behavior and physiology
Authors: El‐Shenawy Nahla S. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe bivalve Ruditapes decussatus was evaluated as a possible biomonitor of heavy‐metal contamination. Concentrations of copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and manganese (Mn) were measured in R. decussatus. Water and sediment samples were collected at two stations of Timsah Lake in Ismailia, Egypt, from October to November 2002, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Results from the heavy‐metal and microbial analyses indicated that site II was less contaminated than site I. The bivalve showed accumulation of metals, with a bioaccumulation factor (BAF) greater than 4. The bioaccumulation of metals varied strongly according to the sampling site. After 48 h of depuration, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, and Mn were reduced significantly, to 46.8% and 47.7%, 19.9% and 20.3%, 27.3% and 27.9%, 35.9% and 36.6%, and 18.2% and 26.6%, compared with the initial concentrations, in clam tissue at the two stations. In bivalves from site II the counts of total bacteria, fecal coliforms, and bacterial pathogens were reduced by more than 90%, whereas phage counts were only reduced by 56% after 4 days of depuration. The depuration of bivalves collected from the heavily polluted site (I) was not effective, as coliforms were reduced only by 85% after 4 days, whereas counts of pathogens and pathogenic indicators such as Vibrio, fecal Streptococcus, and coliphage decreased to less than 50% of the initial concentration. The time necessary to decrease contamination to 10%, 50%, and 90% for clams at both stations was consistently shorter for heavy metals than for microorganisms. Investigation of the effects of heavy‐metal and microbiological depuration on valve movement and physiological rates (oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion) was carried out on R. decussatus to test the utility of physiological stress indices in assessing the health of depurated animals. Clams in the experimental tanks exhibited various states of activity, which were rated by identifying and scoring (0–4) the different parameters, including shell gap, siphon extension, and foot protrusion. Moreover, an increase in ammonia excretion was usually associated with an increase in respiration rate. The oxygen‐to‐nitrogen ratio provided a sensitive indicator of bivalve health. It can be concluded that shellfish monitoring and depuration data depended on the initial concentration of the pollutants. There were differences in the physiological responses of clams from the two sites during the periods of pre‐ and postdepuration of the contaminants. There was a significant correlation between reduction of metal concentration in clam tissue and enhancement of valve movement, as well as activity and increasing respiration rate. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 19: 143–153, 2004.