bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro activity of cefiderocol against a global collection of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a high level of carbapenemase diversity
Authors: Gill Christian M , Santini Debora , Nicolau David P ,   the ERACE-PA Global Study Group, Aktas Elif , Alfouzan Wadha , Bourassa Lori , Brink Adrian , Burnham Carey-Ann D , Canton Rafael , Carmeli Yehuda , Falcone Marco , Kiffer Carlos , Marchese Anna , Martinez Octavio , Pournaras Spyros , Satlin Michael , Seifert Harald , Thabit Abrar K , Thomson Kenneth S , Villegas Maria Virginia , Wille Julia , Rezende Thais Teles Freitas , Cekin Zuhal , Malkocoglu Gulsah , Gijón Desirèe , Tarakmeh Layla Abdullah , Chu Chun Yat , Opperman Christoffel Johannes , Tootla Hafsah Deepa , Moodley Clinton , Coetzee Jennifer , Vourli Sophia , Dimopoulos George , Attallah Dalya M , Tiseo Giusy , Leonildi Alessandro , Giordano Cesira , Barnini Simona , Menichetti Francesco , Di Pilato Vincenzo , Codda Giulia , Vena Antonio , Giacobbe Daniele Roberto , Westblade Lars , Cardona Armando , Curtis Lauren , Fang Ferric , Thomson Gina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the in vitro activity of cefiderocol in a global collection of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa including &gt;200 carbapenemase-producing isolates.

Methods
Isolates (n = 806) from the ERACE-PA Surveillance Program were assessed. Broth microdilution MICs were determined for cefiderocol (iron-depleted CAMHB) and comparators (CAMHB). Susceptibility was interpreted by CLSI and EUCAST breakpoints and reported as percent of isolates. The MIC distribution of cefiderocol in the entire cohort and by carbapenemase status was assessed.

Results
In the entire cohort, cefiderocol was the most active agent (CLSI 98% susceptible; EUCAST 95% susceptible; MIC50/90, 0.25/2 mg/L). Amikacin (urinary only breakpoint) was the second most active, with 70% of isolates testing as susceptible. The percentage of isolates susceptible to all other agents was low (&lt;50%) including meropenem/vaborbactam, imipenem/relebactam, piperacillin/tazobactam and levofloxacin. Cefiderocol maintained significant activity against the most commonly encountered carbapenemases including VIM- (CLSI 97% susceptible; EUCAST 92% susceptible) and GES (CLSI 100% susceptible; EUCAST 97% susceptible)-harbouring isolates. The cefiderocol MIC distribution was similar regardless of carbapenemase status, with MIC50/90 values of 0.5/4 mg/L, 0.5/2 mg/L and 0.25/1 mg/L for MBL, serine carbapenemase and molecular carbapenemase-negative isolates, respectively.

Conclusions
Cefiderocol displayed potent in vitro activity in this global cohort of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa including &gt;200 carbapenemase-harbouring isolates. Cefiderocol was highly active against MBL-producing isolates, where treatment options are limited. These data can help guide empirical therapy guidelines based on local prevalence of carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa or in response to rapid molecular diagnostics.
Population pharmacokinetics and dosing simulations of total and unbound temocillin in the plasma and CSF of neurocritically ill patients with external ventricular drain-related cerebral ventriculitis
Authors: Ngougni Pokem Perrin , Liu Xin , Parker Suzanne L , Verroken Alexia , Collienne Christine , Finet Patrice , Wijnant Gert-Jan , Laterre Pierre-François , Roberts Jason A , Van Bambeke Françoise , Wittebole Xavier 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Cerebral ventriculitis might be caused by Gram-negative bacteria, including ESBL producers. Temocillin may be a useful treatment option in this scenario; however, no consistent data are available regarding its penetration into the CSF.

Objectives
To describe the population pharmacokinetics of temocillin in plasma and CSF and to determine the probability for different simulated dosing regimens to achieve pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) targets in the CSF.

Methods
Ten post-neurosurgical critically ill adult patients requiring continuous drainage of CSF were included in this monocentric, prospective, open-label, non-randomized study. They received 2 g loading dose temocillin over 30 min IV infusion, followed by a 6 g continuous infusion over 24 h. Total and unbound concentrations were measured in plasma (n = 88 and 86) and CSF (n = 88 and 88) samples and used to build a population PK model. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to estimate the PTA at 100% Css&gt;MIC (steady state concentration above the MIC) in CSF.

Results
All patients were infected with Enterobacterales with temocillin MICs ≤8 mg/L. The median (min-max) temocillin penetration in CSF was 12.1% (4.3-25.5) at steady state. Temocillin unbound plasma pharmacokinetics were best described by a one-compartment model. PTA for the applied dosing regimen was &gt;90% for bacteria with MIC ≤ 4 mg/L.

Conclusions
The currently approved dose of 6 g by continuous infusion may be adequate for the treatment of ventriculitis by Enterobacterales with MIC ≤ 4 mg/L if considering 100% Css&gt;MIC as the PK/PD target to reach. Higher maintenance doses could help covering higher MICs, but their safety would need to be assessed.
Evaluating the incidence of acute kidney injury and gentamicin synergy dosing for endocarditis
Authors: Starkel Skyler , Goodberlet Melanie , Schuler Brian , Rock Alex , DeGrado Jeremy R , Pearson Jeffrey C 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Current infective endocarditis guidelines recommend two different gentamicin synergy dosing strategies for selected Gram-positive organisms. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) with gentamicin synergy dosing, comparing divided-daily and once-daily dosing strategies for infective endocarditis (IE).

Methods
Groups were split into patients who received gentamicin divided-daily dosing and once-daily (3 mg/kg) dosing for Gram-positive IE. The primary outcome was the incidence of AKI defined by RIFLE (risk, injury, failure, loss, end-stage renal disease) criteria after starting gentamicin. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify possible independent predictors of developing AKI. Notable secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay, need for gentamicin dose adjustments based on therapeutic drug monitoring, and assessment of each case of AKI using the Naranjo algorithm.

Results
The incidence of AKI was significantly higher in the divided-daily group compared with the once-daily group (52.5% versus 13%, P &lt; 0.01). The divided-dosing group had significantly longer median [IQR] hospital length of stay (19 days [12:29] versus 13.5 days [9:22], P &lt; 0.01) and a greater number of patients who required dose adjustments (76.2% versus 21.7%, P &lt; 0.01). The multivariable regression analysis showed that the divided-dosing strategy, duration and institution were independently associated with incidence of AKI.

Conclusions
This analysis suggests a lower incidence of AKI in the treatment of endocarditis with gentamicin synergy dosed once-daily compared with a divided-daily dosing. Further studies are warranted to assess if there is a difference in efficacy between gentamicin synergy dosing strategies and in gentamicin compared with no gentamicin regimens for IE.
Long-term carriage and evolution of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium: a genomic study on consecutive isolates
Authors: Knudsen Maja Johanne Søndergaard , Samaniego Castruita Jose Alfredo , Mollerup Sarah , Holzknecht Barbara Juliane , Hoppe Morten , Westh Henrik , Pinholt Mette , Rubin Ingrid Maria Cecilia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To determine if vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) carriers carry the same VREfm clone after a minimum follow-up of 365 days. For those carrying the same clone, we investigated the genomic evolution per year per genome.

Methods
We used WGS results to assign VREfm clones to each isolate and determine clone shifts. Finally, we calculated distance in core-genome MLST alleles, and the number of SNPs between consecutive VREfm isolates from patients carrying the same VREfm clone.

Results
In total, 44.2% of patients carried the same VREfm clone, and the genomic evolution was 1.8 alleles and 2.6 SNPs per genome per year.

Conclusions
In our population of long-term carriers, we calculated a molecular clock of 2.6 SNPs.
DF-Phos: Prediction of Protein Phosphorylation Sites by Deep Forest
Authors: Zahiri Zeynab , Mehrshad Nasser , Mehrshad Maliheh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhosphorylation is the most important and studied post-translational modification (PTM), which plays a crucial role in protein function studies and experimental design. Many significant studies have been performed to predict phosphorylation sites using various machine-learning methods. Recently, several studies have claimed that deep learning-based methods are the best way to predict the phosphorylation sites because deep learning as an advanced machine learning method can automatically detect complex representations of phosphorylation patterns from raw sequences and thus offers a powerful tool to improve phosphorylation site prediction. In this study, we report DF-Phos, a new phosphosite predictor based on the Deep Forest to predict phosphorylation sites. In DF-Phos, the feature vector taken from the CkSAApair method is as input for a Deep Forest framework for predicting phosphorylation sites. The results of 10-fold cross-validation show that the Deep Forest method has the highest performance among other available methods. We implemented a Python program of DF-Phos, which is freely available for non-commercial use at https://github.com/zahiriz/DF-Phos Moreover, users can use it for various PTM predictions.
Ultraviolet and infrared luminescence of near-Earth objects
Authors: Simonia Irakli 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
This work deals with a possible ultraviolet and infrared luminescence of the solid substance of the near-Earth objects. In particular, features of the phenomena of photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence of substance of these objects are considered. It is shown that ultraviolet and infrared luminescence of these objects can be revealed by orbital-based instruments. It is demonstrated that detectability of luminescence of near-Earth objects opens up the possibilities for determination of the physical–chemical properties of their solid substance and finding of the dark small low-albedo bodies, which could approach dangerously closer to the Earth. Equations for calculation of luminescence intensity of these objects are proposed. Data on the luminescence of the corresponding minerals and the numerical values of the yields of luminescence and albedo, as the conditions for the detectability of the luminescence of near-Earth objects are presented as well.
De Ritis ratio in elderly glioblastoma patients treated with chemoradiation: A comprehensive analysis of serum biomarkers
Authors: Kim Jina , Lee Hye In , Kim In Ah , Lee Joo Ho , Cho Jaeho , Wee Chan Woo , Yoon Hong In 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to comprehensively investigate the prognostic value of pretreatment laboratory parameters in elderly patients with glioblastoma treated with temozolomide (TMZ)-based chemoradiation.MethodsPatients aged ≥ 65 years from 4 institutions with newly diagnosed IDH-wild-type glioblastoma who received radiotherapy (RT) with concurrent TMZ between 2006 and 2021 were included. Patient factors (age, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), temporalis muscle thickness), molecular factors (MGMT promoter methylation, EGFR amplification, TERT promoter mutation, and TP53 mutation status), treatment factors (extent of resection, and RT dose), and pretreatment laboratory parameters (serum De Ritis ratio, glucose level, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet count, and systemic immune-inflammation index) were included in the analysis. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS).ResultsIn total, 490 patients were included in the analysis. The median follow-up period was 12.3 months (range, 1.6–149.9 months). Median OS was significantly prolonged in patients with De Ritis ratio &lt; 1.2 (18.2 vs 15.3 months, P = .022) and in patients with glucose level &lt; 150 mg/dL (18.7 vs 16.5 months, P = .034) per univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, KPS ≥ 70, MGMT promoter methylation, extent of resection greater than partial resection, De Ritis ratio &lt; 1.2, and glucose level &lt; 150 mg/dL were significant prognostic factors for improved OS.ConclusionsAlong with well-known prognostic factors, pre-RT serum biomarkers, including the De Ritis ratio and glucose level, also had prognostic value in elderly patients with glioblastoma treated with TMZ-based chemoradiation.
Investigating and Summarizing Information Resources Related to the Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of Cutaneous Manifestations of Infectious Diseases in Patients With Skin of Color
Authors: McGowan Dorothea , Kermani Anosh , Sheagren John 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Patients with skin of color (SOC) present diseases differently in many circumstances, yet there is a lack of information regarding the presentation and diagnosis of cutaneous manifestations in such patients experiencing infectious diseases. Therefore, we conducted a scoping review to investigate and summarize information pertaining to the clinical presentation and diagnosis of cutaneous manifestations of infectious diseases in patients with SOC focusing on the following viral, bacterial, toxin-mediated, and infestation diseases and fungal infections: human immunodeficiency virus, shingles, impetigo, scarlet fever, Lyme disease, toxic shock syndrome, scabies, rickettsioses, and cutaneous fungal infections. This scoping review identified literature gaps regarding cutaneous manifestations of infectious diseases in patients with SOC such as a lack of visual examples and more precise descriptions of common infectious diseases. The lack of better-quality literature and educational resources describing cutaneous manifestations of infectious diseases in patients with SOC may contribute to care barriers; therefore, more research and collaboration are needed in the specialties of both infectious diseases and dermatology.
Prevention of methylmercury-triggered ROS-mediated impairment of embryo development by co-culture with adult adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Lee Cheng-Kai , Wang Fu-Ting , Huang Chien-Hsun , Chan Wen-Hsiung 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a potent toxin that exerts deleterious effects on human health via environmental contamination. Significant effects of MeHg on neuronal development in embryogenesis have been reported. Recently, our group demonstrated that MeHg exerts toxic effects on pre- and post-implantation embryonic development processes from zygote to blastocyst stage. Our results showed that MeHg impairs embryo development by induction of apoptosis through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation that triggers caspase-3 cleavage and activation, which, in turn, stimulates p21-activated kinase 2 (PAK2) activity. Importantly, ROS were identified as a key upstream regulator of apoptotic events in MeHg-treated blastocysts. Data from the current study further confirmed that MeHg exerts hazardous effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, implantation, and pre- and post-implantation embryo development. Notably, MeHg-induced injury was markedly prevented by co-culture with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) in vitro. Furthermore, ADMSC injection significantly reduced MeHg-mediated deleterious effects on embryo, placenta, and fetal development in vivo. Further investigation of the regulatory mechanisms by which co-cultured ADMSCs could prevent MeHg-induced impairment of embryo development revealed that ADMSCs effectively reduced ROS generation and its subsequent downstream apoptotic events, including loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of caspase-3 and PAK2. The collective findings indicate that co-culture with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or utilization of MSC-derived cell-conditioned medium offers an effective potential therapeutic strategy to prevent impairment of embryo development by MeHg.
Is There a Role for Isolated Closed Reduction in the Emergency Department Without Fixation for Displaced Proximal Humerus Fractures in Adolescents?
Authors: Torres-Izquierdo Beltran , Tippabhatla Abhishek , Baldwin Keith , Upasani Vidyadhar , Sanders Julia , Goldstein Rachel , Denning Jaime Rice , Hosseinzadeh Pooya 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
Pediatric proximal humerus fractures (PHFx) are uncommon and makeup ~2% of all pediatric fractures. Traditionally, most cases are treated nonoperatively with closed reduction (CR) or immobilization with no reduction (INR) with excellent outcomes. Indications for CR without fixation remain unclear as immobilization in the position of reduction (shoulder abduction and external rotation) is not practical. We aim to determine the need for CR among adolescents with displaced PHFx treated nonoperatively.

Methods:
We conducted an IRB-approved prospective multicenter study involving 42 adolescents aged 10 to 16 years, treated for displaced PHFx across 6 institutions between 2018 and 2022. CR was performed under conscious sedation in the emergency department, with data collected during follow-up visits at 6 weeks and 3 months. Radiographic measurements, range of motion, and patient-reported outcomes, including the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Upper Extremity and Physical Function, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, and QuickDash scores, were compared between the INR and CR groups.

Results:
Among 42 fractures, 23 (55%) were treated with INR and 19 (45%) with CR, followed by placement in a hanging arm cast or sling. Of the cases, 62% were high-energy injuries. Radiographic alignment and range of motion were similar between groups at preoperative, 6 weeks, and 3 months with no significant differences noted.
Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Upper Extremity, Physical Function, QuickDash, and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index scores at 6 weeks and 3 months showed no significant differences between cohorts. Significant improvement was observed between 6 weeks and 3 months for every patient-reported outcome in both cohorts.

Conclusions:
For displaced PHFx treated nonoperatively, our data suggests INR has a similar radiographic and clinical outcome when compared with CR. Our results question the necessity of performing CR in this group of patients.

Level of Evidence:
Level II—therapeutic studies: prospective cohort study.
Cochlear Implant Electrode Array Design and Speech Understanding
Authors: Vohra Varun , Andresen Nicholas S. , Carver Courtney , Dunham Rachel , Marsiglia Dawn , Yeagle Jenifer , Della Santina Charles C. , Creighton Francis X. , Bowditch Stephen P. , Sun Daniel Q. 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveCochlear implant electrode arrays are categorized based on their design as lateral wall (LW) and perimodiolar (PM) electrode arrays. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of LW versus PM designs on postoperative speech perception across multiple manufacturers and over long follow-up durations.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingSingle academic medical center.ParticipantsA total of 478 adult cochlear implant recipients, implanted between the years 1992 and 2017.Interventions(s)PM versus LW cochlear implantsMain Outcome(s) and Measure(s)Postoperative Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant Word (CNC-w) and Hearing in Noise Test (HINT) scores between 6 months and 5 years.ResultsAcross 478 patients, approximately one-third received LW (n = 176, 36.8%), whereas 302 patients received a PM array (63.2%). The PM group had higher CNC-w scores from 6 months to 2 years (52 [interquartile range, 38–68] versus 48 [31–62],p= 0.036) and from 2 to 5 years (58 [43–72] versus 48 [33–66],p< 0.001). Multivariable analysis of patient-averaged scores indicated that the PM group had greater improvement from preoperative scores at all time points after the initial 6 months for both CNC-w (β= 4.4 [95% confidence interval, 0.6–8.3],p= 0.023) and HINT testing (β= 4.5 [95% confidence interval, 0.3–8.7],p= 0.038).ConclusionsThis study indicates that PM electrode arrays are associated with small increases in postoperative speech perception scores, relative to LW arrays, when assessed across manufacturers, over long time durations, and using multiple outcome instruments. These findings may help guide surgeon selection and patient counseling of cochlear implant arrays.
Differences in Substance Use and Harm Reduction Practices by Race and Ethnicity: Rhode Island Harm Reduction Surveillance System, 2021-2022
Authors: Rodriguez McClaren , McKenzie Michelle , McKee Haley , Ledingham Emily M. , John Kristen , Koziol Jennifer , Hallowell Benjamin D. 
Published: December 2023

Context:
In the United States, minority populations are disproportionately affected by the overdose epidemic, have higher mortality rates, and unequal access to harm reduction and treatment services.

Objective:
This analysis aims to better understand harm reduction utilization and substance use patterns among minority populations to improve overdose outreach and prevention initiatives in Rhode Island.

Design:
The present analysis used data from the Harm Reduction Surveillance System from January 2021 to December 2022 (N = 393). Chi-square tests and multivariable regression models were used to investigate differences in substance use behaviors by race and ethnicity.

Setting:
Rhode Island.

Participants:
Participants include individuals who self-reported the use of illicit drugs, currently reside in Rhode Island, and were older than 18 years.

Main Outcome Measures:
Methods of drug use and uptake of harm reduction practices.

Results:
Among survey participants, 41% were non-Hispanic White, 57% were aged 25 to 44 years, 62% identified as male, and 95% had health insurance coverage. Most participants reported smoking as their method of drug use (90%) and harm reduction practices were underutilized by all race and ethnicity groups. Fewer non-Hispanic Black participants reported carrying naloxone compared to the other race and ethnicity groups. Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic participants were significantly less likely to inject drugs compared with non-Hispanic White participants (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.04-0.45) (AOR = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.18-0.90).

Conclusions:
Smoking was the most common self-reported method of substance administration for all participants, whereas injection was more prevalent among non-Hispanic White participants. There is a continued need for minority-led and culturally informed harm reduction and treatment services for minority populations.