bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Tetrakis(arylamidine)nickel(II) Chloride and Bis[2,4‐dipyridyl‐1,3,5‐triazapentadienato]nickel(II)
Authors: Guo Jianping , Wong Wai‐Kwok , Wong Wai‐Yeung 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe reaction of LiN(SiMe3)2 with arylnitrile, followed by the addition of anhydrous NiCl2 gives ionic complexes of the general formula [Ni{H2NC(Ar)=NH}4]Cl2 (Ar = Ph 1, p‐tolyl 2). When the above reaction is carried out with cyanopyridine instead of arylnitrile under the same reaction conditions, neutral complexes of the general formula [{HN=C(Py)N=C(Py)NH}2Ni] (Py = 4‐pyridyl, 3; 3‐pyridyl, 4] are obtained. Compound 1 undergoes a metathesis reaction with sodium benzoate to give the neutral complex [(PhCO2)2Ni {H2NC(Ph)=NH}4] (5). Magnetic susceptibility measurements show that 1−4 are diamagnetic and that 5 is paramagnetic with two unpaired electrons. These results suggest that 1−4 are d8 square‐planar complexes and 5 is an octahedral complex. The solid state structures of compounds 1−5 were determined by X‐ray crystallography. Structural analyses reveal that 1 and 2 form a one‐dimensional network through charge‐assisted hydrogen bonds; whereas 5 forms a one‐dimensional network through hydrogen bonds only. In complexes 3 and 4, the 2,4‐dipyridyl‐1,3,5‐triazapentadienyl ligand behaves as a bidentate ligand forming a six‐membered ring with the metal ion. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
η1‐Pbasal Coordination of P4X3 (X = S, Se) Molecules toward 16e Ruthenium Fragments
Authors: Di Vaira Massimo , de los Rios Isaac , Mani Fabrizio , Peruzzini Maurizio , Stoppioni Piero 
Published: January 2004

AbstractRuthenium(II) pentamethylcyclopentadienyl complexes [Ru(η5‐C5Me5)Cl(L−L)] [L−L = 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane, dppe (1), bis(diphenylphosphanyl)methane, dppm, cis‐1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethylene, dppet, and (1‐diphenylarsanyl‐2‐diphenylphosphanyl)ethane, dpadppe] treated with a stoichiometric amount of P4X3 (X = S, Se) in THF have yielded the compounds [Ru(η5‐C5Me5)(L−L)(P4X3)]BPh4 (X = S, Se). In the P4Se3 derivatives the heptatomic cage is bound to the metal through a basal phosphorus atom. The P4S3 derivatives have been obtained as pairs of coordination isomers, with the cage linked either through the apical or through one of the basal P atoms, the latter form predominating (95% abundance), irrespective of the L−L ligand. The monometal complex [Ru(η5‐C5Me5)(dppe)(η1Pbasal‐P4Se3)]BPh4 reacts with 1 to afford the dimetal compound [{Ru(η5‐C5Me5)(dppe)}2(μ,η1:1‐Pbasal‐Papical‐P4Se3)](BPh4)2, where the cage exhibits both modes of bonding. The compounds have been characterized by NMR spectra (1H, 13C and 31P) and elemental analyses. A theoretical analysis of the bonding properties of the two coordination isomer types is also presented. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Cyano‐Bridged Dimetallic Polynuclear Cu6Cr, Cu6Cr6, Cu2W, and CuW Arrays: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetism
Authors: Kou Hui‐Zhong , Zhou Bei Chuan , Si Shu‐Feng , Wang Ru‐Ji 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe synthesis, structure, and properties of the dimetallic complexes [CuLCr(CN)6]6·[{CuL(H2O)}6Cr(CN)6](ClO4)3· 16H2O (1), [CuLCr(CN)5(NO)]6·[{CuL(H2O)}6Cr(CN)5(NO)](ClO4)3·16H2O (2) and [CuL]3[W(CN)8]2·4H2O (3) {L = 3,7‐bis(2‐aminoethyl)‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazabicyclo[3.3.2]decane} are presented. The structures of 1 and 2 are isomorphous and consist of novel cyano‐bridged [CuL(μ‐CN)2Cr(CN)4]6 dodecanuclear units and [CuL(H2O)(μ‐CN)]6Cr heptanuclear moieties. Every cyclic dodecanuclear Cu6Cr6 group embeds a ClO4− anion. The heptanuclear and the dodecanuclear units are connected through hydrogen bonds to generate a vacant hole, in which another ClO4− anion is accommodated. Complex 3 contains cyano‐bridged Cu2W trimers and CuW dimers. Magnetic studies have shown that the three complexes display ferromagnetic coupling across the Cr−CN−Cu or W−CN−Cu linkages. The best fit to the magnetic data gave for complex 1 JCuCr = +2.40 cm−1, gCr = 1.99, gCu = 2.09, and an intermolecular coupling constant θ = +0.23 K while for complex 2 JCuCr = +12 cm−1, g = 2.13, and θ = −0.49 K. Ferromagnetic CuII‐WV coupling is operative in complex 3. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
The Construction of (N2S2)Ni−Pd Clusters: A Slant‐Chair, a Basket and a C4‐Paddlewheel Structure
Authors: Golden Melissa L. , Jeffery Stephen P. , Miller Matthew L. , Reibenspies Joseph H. , Darensbourg Marcetta Y. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn pursuit of an analogy between bidentate diphosphane ligands and cis‐dithiolato nickel complexes, the easily prepared [bis(mercaptoethane)diazacycloheptane]nickel complex, Ni‐1′, has been treated with PdII and NiII sources. With the latter, trinickel species are observed with typical slant‐chair structures; for palladium(II) chloride, a basket‐type structure is realized in which the floor of the basket is a PdS4 unit and the sides are N2S2 units. One chloride atom is held within the basket at a Pd···Cl distance of 3.26 Å. With Pd(NO3)2 as a palladium source, a hexanuclear aggregate in the form of a C4‐paddlewheel structure is obtained. In this structure, the N2S2Ni complex serves as a bidentate ligand which bridges two Pd2+ cations at a distance of 3.132 Å. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Cover Picture: Synthesis and Structural Studies of Rhenium(V) Complexes Stabilized by a Monoanionic Cyclen Ligand (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2/2004)
Authors: Xavier Catarina , Paulo António , Domingos Angela , Santos Isabel 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe cover picture shows the structure of the cation [ReO(cyclen‐H)I]+. This complex and the analogous [ReO(cyclen‐H)Cl]+ are the first examples of d transition metal oxo complexes anchored by a monoanionic cyclen ligand. The deprotonation of cyclen can be accounted by the enhanced Lewis acidity of the d2 rhenium center. Although the geometric contraints of cis‐octahedral cyclen could impose the cis‐ReO2 unit, the resulting cis‐dioxo complex, cis‐[ReO2(cyclen)]+, is very reactive, being readily converted into [ReO(cyclen‐H)X]+. Details are discussed in the article by I. Santos et al. on p. 243 ff.
Supramolecular Assemblies as Promoters of Iodohydrin Formation
Authors: Cerritelli Simona , Chiarini Marco , Cerichelli Giorgio , Capone Marina , Marsili Mario 
Published: January 2004

AbstractFinding alternative reaction media to replace polluting organic solvents is one aim of green chemistry. The ultimate green solvent, water, is the cheapest, non‐toxic and most readily available reaction medium: three properties which make it an environmentally and economically attractive solvent. However, a fundamental problem in performing reactions in water is that many organic substrates are hydrophobic and not soluble in water. Several approaches are possible in solubilizing these compounds in aqueous media, one of which is carrying out reactions in aqueous solutions of surfactants at concentrations above their critical micellar concentration (cmc). Reactions of iodine with cyclohexene, 1‐octene and styrene in water or in the presence of cationic surfactants do not give useful amounts of iodohydrins, but reactions in anionic surfactants give good yields. Iodohydrins are important functionalizable compounds and are readily prepared in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or sodium N‐dodecanoyl sarcosinate (SANa). The critical conditions for these reactions were optimized with a rigorous statistical approach, the experimental design method. Use of these newly optimized reaction conditions gave high yields in short times for all of the alkenes examined. The use of anionic surfactants in water to form iodohydrins is a valid alternative to methods previously described. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Sarcodonins and Sarcoviolins, Bioactive Polyhydroxy‐p‐terphenyl Pyrazinediol Dioxide Conjugates from Fruiting Bodies of the Basidiomycete Sarcodon leucopus
Authors: Calì Valeria , Spatafora Carmela , Tringali Corrado 
Published: January 2004

AbstractSix new polyhydroxy‐p‐terphenyl pyrazinediol dioxide conjugates (4−9) related to sarcodonin (3) have been isolated from the EtOAc extract of the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Sarcodon leucopus and we established their structures by spectral analysis and chemical conversions. Three of them, named sarcodonins α (4), β (5), and γ (6), afforded the same peracetate 12 upon acetylation. Compounds 7, 8, and 9 gave peracetate 13 and were characterized as the N‐oxide epimers of 3−5, respectively, and are named, accordingly, episarcodonin, episarcodonin α, and episarcodonin β. From the EtOH extract, we obtained a mixture of two violet pigments. Chemical and spectroscopic data allowed their structures to be established as the p‐terphenyl ortho‐quinones related to the sarcodonins, namely sarcoviolin α (10) and episarcoviolin α (11). Compounds 3, 4, 6, and 7 and the mixture of 10 and 11 were found to be active in assays against tumor cell cultures. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Nitrosation of Amines in Non‐Aqueous Solvents − Difference Between N−N=O and O−N=O Nitroso Donors
Authors: García‐Río Luis , Leis José R. , Moreira José A. , Serantes David 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA kinetic study has been carried out on nitroso group transfer from substituted N‐methyl‐N‐nitroso‐benzenesulfonamides to different secondary amines: pyrrolidine, piperidine, N‐methylpiperazine, and morpholine in cyclohexane. The observed pseudo‐first‐order rate constant kobs shows a linear and quadratic dependency on the amine concentration with the existence of a primary kinetic isotope effect. Experiments carried out at different temperatures show Arrhenius‐type behavior. Addition of isopropylamine (iPrNH2) to the reaction medium produces an increase in kobs. In the presence of a high iPrNH2 concentrations the influence of secondary amine concentration on kobs shows the disappearance of the quadratic dependency of kobs on the secondary amine. These results would be compatible with an addition‐elimination mechanism, similar to that observed for the aminolysis of the alkyl nitrites in apolar solvents. The observed behavior in the presence of 18‐crown‐6 is very different, however. Addition of crown ether catalyses the reaction of aminolysis of alkyl nitrites insofar as it does not alter the rate of the nitroso group transfer from N‐nitrososulfonamides. This behavior has been interpreted in terms of a concerted reaction mechanism through cyclical transition states, with four or six centers, involving one or two molecules of secondary amine. Addition of iPrNH2 to the reaction medium causes the appearance of a third reaction path, which emerges through a mixed transition state formed by a molecule of a secondary amine and a molecule of isopropylamine. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Palladium‐Catalyzed Preparation of Propargylic or Allenylic Sulfides from Propargyl Halides or Mesylate and Thiols
Authors: Tsutsumi Ken , Fujimoto Kouji , Yabukami Tomomi , Kawase Tomohiro , Morimoto Tsumoru , Kakiuchi Kiyomi 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd0‐dppe complex [dppe: 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane], generated in situ from [Pd2(dba)3·CHCl3] and dppe, propargylic bromide 1a reacted with an equimolar amount of propanethiol at 60 °C in DMF to afford propargylic sulfide 2 in an excellent yield. The reaction occurs readily when carried out in the presence of the weak base triethylamine. The choice of both the phosphane, which is employed as the palladium atom’s ligand, and the solvent have a remarkable effect on this reaction. We found that the optimum conditions for the reaction are those using a bidentate phosphane ligand (dppe) in a polar solvent (DMF). Compound 1a reacted smoothly with both aromatic (PhSH) and secondary thiols (CySH) in high yields. The reactions with thiols bearing functional groups (OH or Cl) proceeded selectively in good to moderate yields. Primary chlorides 1b−e were readily converted into their corresponding propargylic sulfides 7−10 in high yields. The Pd0‐dppe catalyst was ineffective in the reaction of the bromide 1g bearing a tBu group at the propargylic position, but the reaction of the corresponding mesylate 1h using the Pd0‐DIOP catalyst [DIOP = O‐isopropylidene‐2,3‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)butane] at 100 °C afforded the product 11 in good yield. Allenylic sulfides were obtained from 1g−i. We suggest that a cationic η3‐type complex may be a more reactive intermediate in this catalytic reaction than neutral η1‐ or η3‐allenyl/propargylpalladium complexes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Room Temperature Nematic Photoswitchable Liquid Crystals — Molecular Modularisation of Functional Elements
Authors: Frigoli Michel , Mehl Georg H. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe successful design of photochromic self‐assembly systems requires understanding (on both the molecular and sub‐molecular scales) of diverse and often competing structure‐property relationships. Such molecular systems are promising as components for photonically switchable components in opto‐electronic devices. Molecular modularisation can be an efficient approach to obtain such materials. The design, synthesis and the photochromic and mesomorphic properties of stable photochromic systems which exhibit nematic LC phase behaviour at room temperature are reported. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Synthesis of 11C‐/13C‐Ketones by Suzuki Coupling
Authors: Rahman Obaidur , Kihlberg Tor , Långström Bengt 
Published: January 2004

AbstractAryl triflates, methyl‐ or arylboronic acids, and a low concentration of [11C]carbon monoxide were employed on small scale in the syntheses of fifteen 11C‐labelled ketones using palladium‐mediated Suzuki coupling reactions. The reagents were confined in a micro‐autoclave and heated at 150 °C for 5 min. The reaction required the presence of LiBr, but no additional base. The 11C‐labelled products were obtained with decay‐corrected radiochemical yields in the range 10−70% and with high specific radioactivity (150−640 GBq/μmol). The radiochemical purity of the final products exceeded 98%. One 13C‐substituted ketone ([13C]‐2′‐benzonaphthone) was prepared and analysed by NMR spectroscopy for confirmation of the labelling position. The reference compound 2′‐benzonaphthone was prepared by a palladium‐catalysed reaction between sodium tetraphenylborate and 2‐naphthoyl chloride. 2‐Thienyl p‐tolyl ketone, 4‐nitrophenyl 2‐thienyl ketone and 2‐naphthyl 2‐thienyl ketone were prepared by reactions between thiophene‐2‐boronic acid and the corresponding acid chlorides. The presented approach is novel and seems to be an efficient method for the synthesis of a wide range of 11C‐ as well as 13C‐labelled ketones. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Tuscolid and Tuscoron A and B: Isolation, Structural Elucidation and Studies on the Biosynthesis of Novel Furan‐3(2H)‐one‐Containing Metabolites from the Myxobacterium Sorangium Cellulosum
Authors: Niggemann Jutta , Herrmann Martina , Gerth Klaus , Irschik Herbert , Reichenbach Hans , Höfle Gerhard 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThree novel metabolites, tuscolid (1) and tuscoron A (2) and B (3), were isolated from the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum (strains So ce1401 and So ce1383). The structures were elucidated by detailed NMR spectroscopic analysis, and their biosynthesis was studied by feeding 13C‐labelled precursors. The results revealed that the macrolide 1 and the acyclic derivative 2 are closely related polyketides containing, as a characteristic structural feature, a furan‐3(2H)‐one ring system. The related minor component tuscoron B (3) was identified as an unstable structural analogue of tuscoron A. The relative stereochemistry of the tetrahydropyran ring and of C‐13 to C‐17 of tuscolid (1), and of the dihydropyran ring of tuscoron A (2), was determined on the basis of 1H‐1H‐coupling constants and NOE correlations. A tentative mechanism for the conversion of 1 into 2 is discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
3‐Aminobicyclo[1.1.1]pentane‐1‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Synthesis and Incorporation into Peptides
Authors: Pätzel Michael , Sanktjohanser Maximilian , Doss Alexander , Henklein Peter , Szeimies Günter 
Published: January 2004

AbstractWe have developed an efficient synthesis of derivatives of 3‐aminobicyclo[1.1.1]pentane‐1‐carboxylic acid (7, 8, 9, and 10) starting from [1.1.1]propellane (3). These rigid analogues of γ‐aminobutyric acid have been incorporated into linear and cyclic peptides using solution chemistry and solid‐phase techniques. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Green Protocol for the Biginelli Three‐Component Reaction: Ag3PW12O40 as a Novel, Water‐Tolerant Heteropolyacid for the Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidinones
Authors: Yadav Jhillu S. , Reddy Basi V. Subba , Sridhar Pamu , Reddy Joolakanti S. S. , Nagaiah Kommu , Lingaiah Nakka , Saiprasad Potharaja S. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBiginelli three‐component condensation of an aldehyde, β‐keto ester, and urea proceeds smoothly on the surface of the silver salt of heteropolyacid (HPA), i.e. Ag3PW12O40, in water to afford the corresponding 3,4‐dihydropyrimidinones in high‐to‐quantitative yields under mild conditions. The heterogeneous solid acid provides ease of separation of the catalyst and isolation of the products. The recovered catalyst can be recycled in subsequent reactions with consistent activity. Compared to the classical Biginelli reaction conditions, this new method has the advantages of improved yields, reusability of the catalyst, an eco‐friendly solvent, ease of isolation of products, and simplicity in the experimental procedure. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Enantioselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of Unsaturated Aldehydes Promoted by A Poly(ethylene glycol)‐Supported Organic Catalyst
Authors: Puglisi Alessandra , Benaglia Maurizio , Cinquini Mauro , Cozzi Franco , Celentano Giuseppe 
Published: January 2004

AbstractWe have developed a polymer‐supported version of MacMillan’s catalyst by anchoring a tyrosine‐derived imidazolidin‐4‐one by means of a spacer to the monomethyl ether of poly(ethylene glycol) (MW = 5000 Da). The supported organic catalyst was employed in some 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions involving α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and nitrones. The products were obtained in enantiomeric excesses very similar to those observed with the non‐supported catalyst, but the chemical yields were somewhat lower. Exploiting the solubility profile of the polymeric support, the catalyst was readily separated from the reaction products, recovered, and recycled. Catalyst recycling was accompanied by a very marginal erosion (if any) of the enantioselectivity and a more‐substantial decrease in chemical efficiency. We ascribe the latter phenomenon mainly to the intrinsic instability of the catalyst under the reaction conditions, which is, however, a common feature of both the non‐supported and supported catalysts. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
A Formal Total Synthesis of (±)‐1,13‐Herbertenediol
Authors: Srikrishna Adusuhilli , Rao M. Srinivasa 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA formal total synthesis of (±)‐1,13‐herbertenediol, employing a ring‐closing metathesis reaction of the 4‐arylhepta‐1,6‐diene‐4‐carboxylate 15 as the key reaction, is described. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Palladium‐Catalyzed Telomerization of Butadiene with Tri‐O‐acetylated Pentoses as a Convenient Route to 2,7‐Octadienyl Glycosides
Authors: Hénin Françoise , Bessmertnykh Alla , Serra‐Muns Anna , Muzart Jacques , Baillia Henri 
Published: January 2004

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed telomerization of butadiene withO‐acetylated pyranoses having a free anomeric hydroxyl group was applied for synthesis of octadienyl glycosides. The ratio of linear to branched glycosides depends dramatically on the conditions used. By careful optimization of reaction parameters the highly selective formation (95:5) of linear glycosides was achieved. An extended mechanism of the telomerization reaction is proposed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Synthesis, Characterization, and Reaction of Crystalline Fischer’s Glucopyranosyl Isocyanate
Authors: Ichikawa Yoshiyasu , Matsukawa Yohei , Nishiyama Taihei , Isobe Minoru 
Published: January 2004

AbstractWe have established a simple method for the preparation of crystalline Fischer’s glucopyranosyl isocyanate 1. NMR spectroscopic analysis of 1 allowed the unambiguous determination of the stereochemistry at the anomeric position. Synthetic applications of glucopyranosyl isocyanate 1 were examined by its reactions with amines and alcohols to furnish a wide variety of neoglycoconjugates. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Experimental assessment of electromigration properties of background electrolytes in capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Boušková Eva , Presutti Carla , Gebauer Petr , Fanali Salvatore , Beckers Jozef L. , Boček Petr 
Published: January 2004

AbstractElectromigration dispersion (EMD) properties of background electrolytes (BGEs) used in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) are of key importance for the success of an analysis. The knowledge of these properties may serve well for the prediction of the asymmetry of peaks of analytes, for the prediction of unsafe regions where a strong interference of system zones may be expected, and for the selection of optimum conditions where the analytes of interest may give sharp and practically symmetric peaks. Present theories enable one to calculate and predict EMD properties of many BGEs but there is also a lot of BGEs that are beyond the present theoretical models as far as their composition and equilibria involved are considered. This contribution brings a method for assessment of EMD properties of any BGE from easily accessible experimental data. The method proposed is illustrated by model examples both for cationic and anionic separations. Imidazole acetate, histamine acetate, and histidine acetate served as model BGEs for cationic separations; as the model BGE for anionic separations, Tris‐borate and sodium‐borate BGEs have been selected since these buffers are frequently used and borate is well‐known for its complexing equilibria in aqueous solutions.
Nafion membrane electrophoresis with direct and simplified end‐column pulse electrochemical detection of amino acids
Authors: Fang Cheng , Wu Bingliang , Zhou Xingyao 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA novel electrophoresis technique, in which the separation column was replaced by a strip of Nafion membrane (5.0 cm×0.20 mm×0.25 mm), was developed for the separation of an amino acid mixture (glycine, asparic acid and lysine), followed by quadruple‐pulse electrochemical detection. Nafion membrane contains hydrophilic pores (10–20 Å and 50–60 Å in size) acting as very narrow electrophoresis channels. The fixed‐charge sites (‐SO3−) on the hydrophilic pore surface provide a strong charged background. A platinum disk electrode (0.90 mm inner diameter) was employed as the detection electrode and the electrophoresis cathode was used as the quasi‐reference and counter electrode for the end‐column electrochemical detector, without decoupler. Under optimized conditions the mixture of amino acids could be separated at a voltage of only 90 V with a detection limit of 10−7 M, indicating that Nafion membrane electrophoresis is a potentially attractive technique for the separation of small organic molecules or ions.