bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Discretionary Protective Equipment in High School Athletes: Prevalence and Determinants
Authors: Yang Jingzhen , Bowling J. Michael , Lewis Megan A. , Marshall Stephen W. , Runyan Carol W. , Mueller Frederick O. 
Published: September 2005

Objectives. We sought to describe the use of discretionary protective equipment among high school athletes and to examine social and behavioral determinants contributing to equipment usage. Methods. We analyzed data from a 3-year (1996–1999), stratified, 2-stage cluster sample of athletes engaged in 12 organized sports in 100 North Carolina high schools (n=19728 athlete-seasons) (an athlete-season represents an individual student who participates in a particular sport in a particular season). We used generalized logistic regression to model the association of social and behavioral determinants and demographic variables with discretionary protective equipment use. Results. About one third of high school athletes self-reported using lower extremity discretionary protective equipment. Girls, seniors, those who played limited-contact sports, and those who played multiple sports reported higher usage. Small school size, low player/coach ratio, high proportion of team usage, and history of previous lower extremity injury were important predictors of usage. Coaches’ experience, qualifications, and training, however, were not predictive of usage. Conclusions. Intervention efforts to promote use of discretionary protective equipment need to target school-level factors and should consider both team requirements and the role of peers in setting and reinforcing norms.
The Contribution of Self-Rated Health and Depressive Symptoms to Disability Severity as a Predictor of 10-Year Mortality in European Elderly Men
Authors: van den Brink Carolien L. , Tijhuis Marja , van den Bos Geertrudis A.M. , Giampaoli Simona , Nissinen Aulikki , Kromhout Daan 
Published: September 2005

Objectives. To investigate the effect of disability severity and the contribution of self-rated health and depressive symptoms to 10-year mortality. Methods. Longitudinal data were collected from 1141 men aged 70 to 89 years from the Finland, Italy, and the Netherlands Elderly Study from 1990 to 2000. Disability severity was classified into 4 categories: no disability, instrumental activities, mobility, and basic activities of daily living. Self-rated health and depressive symptoms were classified into 2 and 3 categories, respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate mortality risks. Results. Men with severe disability had a risk of mortality that was more than 2-fold higher (hazard ratio [HR]=2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.84, 3.16) than that of men without disability. Men who had severe disability and did not feel healthy had the highest mortality risk (HR = 3.30; 95% CI = 2.52, 4.33). This risk was lower at lower levels of disability and higher levels of self-rated health. The same trend was observed for depressive symptoms. Conclusions. For adequate prognoses on mortality or for developing intervention strategies, not only physical aspects of health but also other health outcomes should be taken into account.
A Model for a Regional System of Care to Promote the Health and Well-Being of People with Rare Chronic Genetic Disorders.
Authors: Baker Judith R. , Crudder Sally O. , Riske Brenda , Bias Val , Forsberg Ann 
Published: September 2005

People with rare, inherited chronic health conditions, such as hemophilia, face added physical, social, emotional, and fiscal challenges beyond those that are common to more prevalent chronic conditions. In 1975, a partnership among clinicians, consumers, and government agencies created a nationwide regional health delivery system that increased access to clinical care, prevention, and research, thereby improving health outcomes for people with hemophilia in the United States. Today, more than 130 Comprehensive Hemophilia Diagnostic and Treatment Centers in 12 regions serve 70%–80% of the nation’s hemophilia patients. Health care leaders and advocates for other rare, expensive, chronic disorders may find that regionalization improves survival and reduces disability among affected populations. However, diverse and stable resources are needed to sustain such a model in our profit-oriented US health care arena.
The Role of the Built Environment in the Disablement Process
Authors: Clarke Philippa , George Linda K. 
Published: September 2005

The Disablement Process model explicates the transition from health conditions to disability and specifically emphasizes the role of intervening factors that speed up or slow down the pathway between pathology and disability. We used hierarchical Poisson regression analyses with data on older adults from central North Carolina to examine the role of the built environment as a modifying factor in the pathway between lower extremity functional limitations and activities of daily living. We found that, despite declining physical function, older adults report greater independence in instrumental activities when they live in environments with more land-use diversity. Independence in self-care activities is modified by housing density, in part through the effect of substandard and inadequate housing.
The Contribution of Specific Diseases to Educational Disparities in Disability-Free Life Expectancy
Authors: Nusselder Wilma J. , Looman Caspar W.N. , Mackenbach Johan P. , Huisman Martijn , van Oyen Herman , Deboosere Patrick , Gadeyne Sylvie , Kunst Anton E. 
Published: September 2005

Objectives. We examined the contribution that specific diseases, as causes of both death and disability, make to educational disparities in disability-free life expectancy (DFLE). Methods. We used disability data from the Belgian Health Interview Survey (1997) and mortality data from the National Mortality Follow-Up Study (1991–1996) to assess education-related disparities in DFLE and to partition these differences into additive contributions of specific diseases. Results. The DFLE advantage of higher-educated compared with lower-educated persons was 8.0 years for men and 5.9 years for women. Arthritis (men, 1.3 years; women, 2.2 years), back complaints (men, 2.1 years), heart disease/stroke (men, 1.5 years; women, 1.6 years), asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (men, 1.2 years; women, 1.5 years), and “other diseases” (men, 2.4 years) contributed the most to this difference. Conclusions. Disabling diseases, such as arthritis, back complaints, and asthma/COPD, contribute substantially to differences in DFLE by education. Public health policy aiming to reduce existing disparities in the DFLE and to improve population health should not only focus on fatal diseases but also on these nonfatal diseases.
Meeting the Challenge: Using Policy to Improve Children’s Health
Authors: Brush Charles Adam , Kelly Maggie M. , Green Denise , Gaffney Marcus , Kattwinkel John , French Molly 
Published: September 2005

We reflect on the proceedings of a symposium at a conference of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities. We present examples of bridging the gap between science and policy to achieve improvements in children’s health through case studies in early hearing detection and intervention, folic acid fortification to prevent birth defects, sleep positioning recommendations to reduce infant mortality, and workplace lactation support programs. We discuss case studies that present different policy strategies (public health law and voluntary practices) for improving public health. These case studies demonstrate both the power of policy as a tool for improving children’s health and the challenges of communicating public health research to policy decisionmakers.
Decreased Attendance at Cystic Fibrosis Centers by Children Covered by Managed Care Insurance
Authors: Nathanson Ian , Ramírez-Garnica Gabriela , Wiltrout Stacey Armatti 
Published: September 2005

Objective. The evolution of managed care has raised concerns about differential access to care for children with cystic fibrosis (CF). We tested the hypothesis that children with CF with managed care attended CF centers less frequently compared with children with non-managed care. Methods. We conducted a prospective cohort study by telephone every 4 months to measure access to care at CF centers among 630 randomly selected patients aged 6–18 years from 15 US CF centers. We analyzed data with unconditional logistic regression and generalized estimating equations. Results. Attendance at CF centers was significantly reduced among children with managed care (odds ratio [OR] = 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.57, 0.98; P=0.03) and among girls (OR=0.68; 95% CI=0.48, 0.97; P=0.04). Conclusions. Children with CF with managed care attended CF centers significantly less frequently than those with non-managed care. These findings suggest that children with CF with managed care may not have equal access to experts in CF as children with non-managed care. Families should consider this when selecting their medical insurance plan. These findings may apply to other children with special health care needs.
Health-Related Quality of Life, Health Risk Behaviors, and Disability Among Adults With Pain-Related Activity Difficulty
Authors: Strine Tara W. , Hootman Jennifer M. , Chapman Daniel P. , Okoro Catherine A. , Balluz Lina 
Published: September 2005

Objectives. We examined the association between pain-related activity difficulty (PRAD) in the past 30 days and health-related quality of life, health behaviors, disability indices, and major health impairments in the general US population. Methods. We obtained data from 18 states in the 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, an ongoing, cross-sectional, state-based, random-digit-dialed telephone survey of noninstitutionalized adults aged 18 years or older. Results. Nearly one quarter of people in the 18 states and the District of Columbia reported at least 1 day of PRAD in the past 30 days. PRAD was associated with obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, impaired general health, infrequent vitality, and frequent occurrences of physical distress, mental distress, depressive symptoms, sleep insufficiency, and anxiety symptoms. Moreover, a general dose–response relationship was noted between increased days of PRAD and increased prevalence of impaired health-related quality of life, disability indices, and health risk behaviors. Conclusion. Pain negatively influences various domains of health, not only among clinical populations, but also in the general community, suggesting a critical need for the dissemination of targeted interventions to enhance recognition and treatment of pain among adult community-dwellers.
Control of a multiunit heterogeneous azeotropic distillation process
Authors: Luyben William L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAn investigation of the design and control of a system in which a heterogeneous azeotrope permits the use of a decanter to cross a distillation boundary is reported. The specific numerical example is the classical production of anhydrous ethanol from an ethanol/water mixture using benzene as the entrainer. The feed is an ethanol/water mixture with composition that is near the binary azeotrope, which has been produced in an upstream binary distillation column. The process consists of two columns in which the addition of benzene takes the water out the top of the first column, producing high‐purity ethanol out the bottom. The overhead vapor is condensed and forms two liquid phases. The organic benzene‐rich phase provides reflux to the first column. The aqueous phase is fed to a second distillation column that produces high‐purity water out the bottom and recycles the distillate back to the first column. The steady‐state convergence of this two‐column system with two‐recycles if very difficult. Convergence is achieved by using a dynamic model. A plantwide control scheme is developed and is shown to provide stable base‐level regulatory control for very large disturbances. The control structure has a counter‐intuitive feature. The aqueous level in the decanter is controlled by manipulating the flow rate of the aqueous stream from the decanter. The action of the level controller is the reverse of what is used conventionally, that is, if the level is increasing, the exit flow rate is decreased! © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Centrifugal drum filtration: II. A compression rheology model of cake draining
Authors: Barr John D. , White Lee R. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA compression rheology model for the final capillary compression and draining stages of the batch centrifugal filtration of a compressible cake is presented. The initial stage of cake formation and drainage of the supernatant fluid have been treated in a companion paper up to the point tc, where the supernatant first contacts the top of the cake. The compressional rheology model uses the compressive yield stress py(ϕ), the hydrodynamic resistance R(ϕ), and the maximum capillary stress P(ϕ). Analysis of these final stages indicates that the system can remain fully saturated if the solids network can sustain the capillary stress and, if not, will partially unsaturate. The controlling parameters are elucidated and the state of the system for tc < t < ∞ is illustrated graphically for the previously treated model system. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Similar cell surface expression of β2‐microglobulin–free heavy chains by HLA–B27 subtypes differentially associated with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Vázquez Miriam N. , López de Castro José A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether the cell surface features of HLA–B27 subtypes reported to be differentially associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) differ in a way that correlates with disease susceptibility.MethodsHuman cell transfectants expressing or lacking the transporter associated with antigen processing were used to determine the cell surface expression of B27 subtypes by flow cytometry with antibodies recognizing the B27 heterodimer or β2‐microglobulin (β2m)–free heavy chains.ResultsIn lymphoid cells with an intact peptide‐loading complex, all B27 subtypes, irrespective of their association with disease, showed similar ratios of free heavy chain to heterodimer, suggesting similar surface stability. A substantial decrease in dissociated heavy chains, which never reached 100%, was observed upon addition of a B27 ligand, with no significant differences among subtypes. This is compatible with similar surface expression of irreversible β2m‐free heavy chain forms among subtypes differentially associated with disease. In cells lacking the transporter associated with antigen processing, both disease‐associated and non–disease‐associated subtypes expressed a population of heterodimers at 26°C that was less stable than the population expressed at 37°C. In the presence of exogenous peptide, the expression of heterodimers increased, without a concomitant decrease in β2m‐free heavy chains. This suggests that in these cells, and for all subtypes tested, most of the dissociated heavy chains at the cell surface are in irreversible forms. At 37°C, the expression of β2m‐free B27 heavy chains was very low on T2 transfectant cells.ConclusionHLA–B27 subtypes showing differential associations with AS are similar in their extent of β2m dissociation and surface expression of free heavy chains.
Increased coronary‐artery atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis: Relationship to disease duration and cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Chung Cecilia P. , Oeser Annette , Raggi Paolo , Gebretsadik Tebeb , Shintani Ayumi K. , Sokka Tuulikki , Pincus Theodore , Avalos Ingrid , Stein C. Michael 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the prevalence and severity of coronary‐artery atherosclerosis in patients with early and established rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and controls.MethodsElectron‐beam computed tomography was used to measure the extent of coronary‐artery calcification in 227 subjects, of whom 70 had early RA, 71 had established RA, and 86 were controls. Coronary‐artery calcification calculated according to the Agatston calcium score was compared in patients and controls, and its relationship to clinical characteristics was examined. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were obtained with the use of proportional odds logistic regression models to determine independent associations of early and established RA and coronary‐artery calcification.ResultsCalcium scores were higher in patients with established RA (median 40.2, interquartile range [IQR] 0–358.8) compared with those with early disease (median 0, IQR 0–42.6) and controls (median 0, IQR 0–19.2) (P = 0.001). Coronary‐artery calcification occurred more frequently in patients with established RA (60.6%) than in patients with early RA (42.9%) and control subjects (38.4%) (P = 0.016) The OR for the likelihood of having more severe coronary‐artery calcification (defined as an Agatston score >109) in patients with established disease was 3.42 (P = 0.002) after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors. Among patients with RA, smoking (OR 1.02, P = 0.04) and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (OR 1.02, P = 0.05) were associated with more severe coronary‐artery calcification after adjustment for age and sex.ConclusionThe prevalence and severity of coronary calcification is increased in patients with established RA and is related, in part, to smoking and an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
Involvement of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in the vascular and hyperalgesic components of joint inflammation
Authors: Keeble Julie , Russell Fiona , Curtis Bradley , Starr Anna , Pinter Erika , Brain Susan D. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the endogenous involvement of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in a model of knee joint inflammation in the mouse.MethodsFollowing characterization of wild‐type (WT) and TRPV1‐knockout mice, inflammation was induced via intraarticular (IA) injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA). Knee swelling was assessed as diameter, and inflammatory heat hyperalgesia was determined using the Hargreaves technique, for up to 3 weeks. At 18 hours, acute hyperpermeability was measured with 125I‐albumin, and cytokines and myeloperoxidase activity, a marker of neutrophils, were assayed in synovial fluid extracts. The possibility that exogenous tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) was involved in influencing TRPV1 activation was investigated in separate experiments.ResultsIncreased levels of knee swelling, hyperpermeability, leukocyte accumulation, and TNFα were found in WT mice 18 hours after IA CFA treatment compared with saline treatment. Significantly less knee swelling and hyperpermeability were found in TRPV1−/− mice, but leukocyte accumulation and TNFα levels were similar in WT and TRPV1−/− mice. Knee swelling in response to CFA remained significantly higher for a longer period in WT mice compared with TRPV1−/− mice, with thermal hyperalgesic sensitivity observed at 24 hours and at 1 week in WT, but not TRPV1−/−, mice. Knee swelling was attenuated (P < 0.05) in TRPV1−/− compared with WT mice 4 hours after IA administration of TNFα.ConclusionOur findings indicate that TRPV1 has a role in acute and chronic inflammation in the mouse knee joint. Thus, selective antagonism of TRPV1 should be considered as a potential target for treatment of acute and chronic joint inflammation.
Pathogenic role of the CXCL16–CXCR6 pathway in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Nanki Toshihiro , Shimaoka Takeshi , Hayashida Kenji , Taniguchi Ken , Yonehara Shin , Miyasaka Nobuyuki 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with massive T cell infiltration into the synovium. The accumulated T cells express type 1 cytokines, such as interferon‐γ (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor α, and activated markers of inflammation, such as CD154 and inducible costimulator (ICOS). It is thought that chemokines contribute to T cell accumulation in the synovium. In this study, we examined the role of CXCL16 and CXCR6 in T cell migration and stimulation in RA synovium.MethodsExpression of CXCL16 and CXCR6 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and/or flow cytometry. Migration activity was assessed using a chemotaxis chamber. IFNγ production was analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The effect of anti‐CXCL16 monoclonal antibody on murine collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) was evaluated.ResultsCXCL16 was expressed in RA synovium. CXCR6 was expressed more frequently on synovial T cells than in peripheral blood. Moreover, CXCR6‐positive synovial T cells more frequently expressed CD154 and ICOS than did CXCR6‐negative T cells. Stimulation with interleukin‐15 (IL‐15) up‐regulated the expression of CXCR6 on peripheral blood T cells, and then stimulation with CXCL16 induced migration of IL‐15–stimulated T cells and enhanced IFNγ production. Furthermore, anti‐CXCL16 monoclonal antibody significantly reduced the clinical arthritis score and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and bone destruction in the synovium of mice with CIA.ConclusionOur results indicate that CXCL16 plays an important role in T cell accumulation and stimulation in RA synovium and suggest that CXCL16 could be a target molecule in new therapies for RA.
Association of HLA–DR3 with anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody–negative rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Verpoort Kirsten N. , van Gaalen Floris A. , van der Helm‐van Mil Annette H. M. , Schreuder Geziena M. T. , Breedveld Ferdinand C. , Huizinga Tom W. J. , de Vries Rene R. P. , Toes Rene E. M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectiveRecent data have shown that the most prominent and longest known genetic risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), HLA–DRB1 shared epitope alleles, are only associated with RA that is characterized by the presence of antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP antibodies) and not with anti‐CCP–negative RA. We undertook this study to investigate whether anti‐CCP–negative RA is associated with other HLA–DRB1 alleles.MethodsHLA typing was performed for 377 patients from the Leiden Early Arthritis Clinic who were diagnosed as having RA within the first year of followup (206 anti‐CCP–positive patients and 171 anti‐CCP–negative patients), 235 patients who, after 1 year, had undifferentiated arthritis (UA) (28 anti‐CCP–positive patients and 207 anti‐CCP–negative patients), and 423 healthy control subjects. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for HLA–DRB1 allele frequencies were determined for all patient groups compared with the healthy control group.ResultsHLA–DR3 was more frequently present in the anti‐CCP–negative RA group than in the control group (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.26–2.67). This was not the case for anti‐CCP–positive RA (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.60–1.40). HLA–DR3 was also more frequently present in anti‐CCP–negative UA patients (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.10–2.28), but not in anti‐CCP–positive UA patients (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.17–1.92).ConclusionHLA–DR3 is associated with anti‐CCP–negative arthritis and not with anti‐CCP–positive arthritis. These data show that distinct genetic risk factors are associated with the presence of anti‐CCP antibodies in RA and indicate that different pathogenetic mechanisms underlie anti‐CCP–positive and anti‐CCP–negative RA.