bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of mitogen‐activated protein kinases in phenethyl isothiocyanate‐induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Xiao Dong , Choi Sunga , Lee Yong J. , Singh Shivendra V. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to examine the role of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in apoptosis induction by phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a cruciferous vegetable‐derived cancer chemopreventive agent, with DU145 and LNCaP human prostate cancer cells as a model. The MAPK family of serine/threonine kinases, including extracellular signal‐regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2), c‐jun N‐terminal kinase1/2/3 (JNK1/2/3), and p38 MAPK play an important role in cell proliferation and apoptosis in response to different stimuli. Exposure of DU145 and LNCaP cells to growth suppressive concentrations of PEITC resulted in activation of ERK1/2 and JNKs, but not p38 MAPK, in both cell lines. In DU145 cells, the apoptosis induction by PEITC was statistically significantly attenuated by pharmacological inhibition of JNKs with SP600125. Adenovirus‐mediated overexpression of Flag‐tagged JNK binding domain (JBD) of JNK‐interacting protein‐1 (JIP‐1), an inhibitor of JNK, also inhibited PEITC‐induced apoptosis in DU145 cells. On the other hand, inhibition of ERK1/2 activation with MEK1 inhibitor PD98059 failed to offer protection against PEITC‐induced apoptosis in DU145 cells. In LNCaP cells, the PEITC‐induced cell death was not affected by either pretreatment with PD98059 or SP600125 or overexpression of JBD of JIP‐1. These results indicate that involvement of MAPKs in apoptosis induction by PEITC in human prostate cancer cells is cell line‐specific. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New criteria for early electrodiagnosis of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Al‐Shekhlee Amer , Hachwi Rami N. , Preston David C. , Katirji Bashar 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA variety of electrodiagnostic methods are used to confirm the diagnosis of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), but difficulties are frequent during the first few weeks of weakness. We compared the nerve conduction studies (NCS) of patients with AIDP to those with critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP), a subacute axonal polyneuropathy. New electrodiagnostic criteria with graded certainty (normal, nondiagnostic, suggestive, highly suggestive, and definite) were designed and applied in a blinded manner to both groups. Among the AIDP patients, 64% met the highly suggestive and definite criteria (specificity 95–100%, P < 0.01), whereas 80% of the CIP group fell in the nondiagnostic criteria (P < 0.001). The relative preservation of the sural sensory response in spite of at least two abnormal sensory NCS in the upper limb suggested acute demyelination (sensitivity 48%, specificity 96%, P < 0.001) and was even more conclusive when associated with absent or prolonged F waves. Motor and sensory response amplitudes were lower in the CIP group, with comparable mean motor and sensory distal latencies and motor conduction velocities. Motor conduction blocks were present in 10% of nerves in AIDP and were not encountered in CIP. The frequency of absent or delayed F waves and absent H reflex was similar in both groups. The correlation coefficient of the cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration with the designed criteria was higher in the AIDP group (r = 0.9). We conclude that a new criterion with graded certainty is of higher specificity in the majority of patients with early AIDP. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Intrarectal ground electrode improves the reliability of motor evoked potentials recorded in the anal sphincter
Authors: Lefaucheur Jean‐Pascal 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMotor evoked potentials (MEPs) can be recorded in the external anal sphincter in response to magnetic stimulation of the cerebral cortex or sacral roots. However, the magnitude of the stimulus artifact may alter the reliability of anal MEP recording. An intrarectal ground electrode substantially reduces stimulus artifact and technical failure, improving MEP latency determination to sacral root stimulation in particular. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Analysis of pressuremeter geometry effects in clay using critical state models
Authors: Yu H. S. , Charles M. T. , Khong C. D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe conventional interpretation methods of pressuremeter testing effectively approximate pressuremeter membranes as infinitely long. As a result, the effects of the two‐dimensional geometry of pressuremeters are ignored, leading to an overestimation of soil shear strength by pressuremeter testing, as demonstrated in several previous studies. This paper presents results of a numerical study of two‐dimensional geometry effects on self‐boring pressuremeter tests in undrained clay. The results are obtained using critical state soil models with an effective stress formulation. This is in contrast to most (if not all) existing studies on pressuremeter geometry effects, which were based on perfectly plastic soil models (e.g. Yu (Cavity expansion theory and its application to the analysis of pressuremeters. DPhil Thesis, The University of Oxford, 1990), Yeung and Carter (Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. on Pressuremeters, 1990), and Houlsby and Carter (Géotechnique, 1993; 43(4):567–576)). The present study suggests that the overestimation of soil strength due to the neglect of finite pressuremeter length is significantly affected by the soil model used in the calculations. It is found that for clays with a high overconsolidation ratio (OCR) the strength overestimation predicted using critical state soil models could be considerably smaller than that predicted using perfectly plastic soil models. The main conclusion of this numerical study is that care must be exercised before directly applying any numerically determined pressuremeter geometry correction factors in practice. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perineal noise recording as a non‐invasive diagnostic method of urinary bladder outlet obstruction: a study in polyvinyl alcohol and silicone model urethras
Authors: Idzenga Tim , Pel Johan J.M. , Baldewsing Radj A. , Mastrigt Ron van 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAimsAt present, an invasive pressure flow study is recommended to diagnose urinary bladder outlet obstruction. This method induces the risk of urinary tract infection and urethral trauma. We studied perineal noise recording as an alternative, non‐invasive diagnostic method in three flexible/extensible model urethras and two silicone tubes.MethodsThe flexible/extensible model urethras were made of a 10% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and differed in wall‐ stiffness, the silicone tubes differed in diameter and wall‐thickness. Three degrees of obstruction were applied by inflating a cuff placed around the PVA‐urethras and by compressing the silicone tubes with an adjustable clamp. Noise, produced during flow, was recorded at three positions distal to the obstruction using a piëzoceramic contact microphone.ResultsThe average amplitude of the noise and the essential frequency of the power spectrum of each noise recording depended significantly on the degree of obstruction, the position of the microphone and the wall‐stiffness in PVA‐urethras and the diameter in silicone tubes.ConclusionsBased on the results of this study perineal noise recording shows good potential as an alternative method for diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Robust optimal multilevel preconditioners for non‐conforming finite element systems
Authors: Blaheta R. , Margenov S. , Neytcheva M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe consider strategies to construct optimal order two‐ and multilevel hierarchical preconditioners for linear systems as arising from the finite element discretization of self‐adjoint second order elliptic problems using non‐conforming Crouzeix–Raviart linear elements.In this paper we utilize the hierarchical decompositions, derived in a previous work by the same authors (Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2004; 11:309–326) and provide a further analysis of these decompositions in order to assure robustness with respect to anisotropy. Finally, we show how to construct both multiplicative and additive versions of the algebraic multilevel iteration preconditioners and show robustness and optimal order convergence estimates. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonoverlapping domain decomposition and additive splitting up methods for multidimensional parabolic problem
Authors: Daoud Daoud S. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe explicit implicit domain decomposition methods are noniterative types of methods for nonoverlapping domain decomposition but due to the use of the explicit step for the interface prediction, the methods suffer from inaccuracy of the usual explicit scheme. In this article a specific type of first‐ and second‐order splitting up method, of additive type, for the dependent variables is initially considered to solve the two‐ or three‐dimensional parabolic problem over nonoverlapping subdomains. We have also considered the parallel explicit splitting up algorithm to define (predict) the interface boundary conditions with respect to each spatial variable and for each nonoverlapping subdomains. The parallel second‐order splitting up algorithm is then considered to solve the subproblems defined over each subdomain; the correction step will then be considered for the predicted interface nodal points using the most recent solution values over the subdomains. Finally several model problems will be considered to test the efficiency of the presented algorithm. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2006
Minor elective surgical procedures using general anesthesia in children with sickle cell anemia without pre‐operative blood transfusion
Authors: Fu Teresa , Corrigan Nicole J. , Quinn Charles T. , Rogers Zora R. , Buchanan George R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackgroundPre‐operative red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are often recommended for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) who require elective surgery under general anesthesia. However, definitive randomized studies demonstrating the benefit of transfusions in this setting have not been conducted. In particular, the merits of transfusion prior to minor or low‐risk surgical procedures in children with SCD have not been demonstrated.ProcedureWe hypothesized that children with sickle cell anemia (Hb SS) who have minor elective surgical procedures develop few complications even without pre‐operative transfusion. We accessed our Comprehensive Sickle Cell Program's Database to identify all such procedures performed during a 13‐year period. Medical records were reviewed to characterize the surgical procedure, the use of transfusions, and perioperative complications.ResultsTwenty‐eight children with Hb SS had a total of 38 minor surgical procedures. No perioperative transfusions were given in 34 of the cases (85%). Five of these 34 surgeries (15%) were associated with minor post‐operative complications (fever or transient pain). No post‐operative acute chest syndrome was encountered.ConclusionsMinor or low‐risk elective surgical procedures in children with Hb SS may not routinely require pre‐operative transfusion. A randomized clinical trial to compare transfusion with no transfusion for minor surgical procedures is needed. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2005; 45: 43–47. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of copolybibenzoates with thioether and ether groups in the flexible spacers
Authors: Martínez‐Gómez Aránzazu , Pérez Ernesto , Bello Antonio 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMain‐chain copolybibenzoates with flexible spacers bearing thioether and ether groups were obtained by melt‐transesterification of diethyl 1,1′‐biphenyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxylate and β‐thioether glycols (thiodiethylene glycol or thiotriethylene glycol), using titanium (IV) isopropoxide as catalyst. A side‐reaction of etherification occurred simultaneously with the polycondensation reaction, resulting in the formation of comonomer units with the structure of the dimer of the glycol. This side‐reaction was confirmed by the preparation of model compounds. The most probable mechanism for this etherification reaction is the formation of an intermediate three‐membered cyclic sulfonium ion by neighbouring sulfur participation. The thermal and X‐ray characterization of the synthesised copolymers indicated that a smectic mesophase was rapidly obtained on cooling the copolymers derived from thiodiethylene glycol from the melt and this phase was transformed slowly into a more ordered structure. In contrast, copolymers derived from thiotriethylene glycol did not exhibit liquid‐crystalline phases and their crystallisation from the isotropic melt was very fast. It was found that the copolymerization increased the mesophase stability. Finally, the results obtained were compared with those of corresponding homopolybibenzoates with methylene or oxymethylene spacers. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
New cholinesterase inhibitors: synthesis and structure–activity relationship studies of 1,2‐benzisoxazole series and novel imidazolyl‐d2‐isoxazolines
Authors: Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S. , Basappa  
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe syntheses of a series of 3‐(4‐substituted‐1‐piperidinyl)‐6‐halo‐1,2‐benzisoxazole hydrochlorides (5a–b, 6a–b and 7a–b) and 3‐(2‐butyl‐4‐chloro‐1H‐imidazolyl)‐substituted‐d2‐isoxazolines (10c–i) by novel methods are described. The inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) for the newly synthesized compounds against targets from different species, such as pure electric eel AChE, human serum AChE and rat brain AChE, was studied using Ellman et al.'s method. The benzisoxazole heterocycle was found to be an appropriate bioisosteric replacement for the benzyl functionality present in the N‐benzylpiperidine class of inhibitors. Structure–activity relationships were studied by comparing the basicities of the different substituted heterocyclic ring systems at the C‐3 position of the 1,2‐benzisoxazoles derivatives. Maximum cholinesterase enzyme inhibition was revealed when there was a 6‐fluoro substituent on the 1,2‐benzisoxazole ring. The 1‐morpholine hydrochloride substituent appeared less significant, although in most cases 5a, 6a and 10c evoked maximum potency compared with the existing drug neostigmine. The most potent cholinesterase compound was found to be 1‐[2‐{6‐fluoro‐3‐(4‐piperidinyl)‐1,2‐benzisoxazole}ethyl]piperidine monohydrochloride (5a) by in vitro studies. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Different types of hydrogen bonds: correlation analysis of interaction energy components
Authors: Grabowski Slawomir J. , Sokalski W. Andrzej 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAb initiocalculations at the MP2/6–311++G(d,p) level of approximation were performed for the following complexes: (C2H2)2, FH···OCH2, NF3H+···HBeH, H3N···HF, NH4+···HBeH, NH4+···HBeF, (H2O)2, FH···C2H2, (FHF)−, FH···OH2, FH···HLi, HCCH···OH2and HOH···NH3. The decomposition of the interaction energy for these H‐bonded dimers was performed, showing that electrostatic and delocalization energy terms are the most important attractive components and together with the repulsive exchange energy term they are the main energy components. Correlation analysis was also applied together with factor analysis, supporting the energetic results of calculations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and conformational analysis of chiral ureas incorporatingN‐1‐phenylethyl groups. Manifestation of allylic 1,3‐strain
Authors: Hernández‐Rodríguez Marcos , Melgar‐Fernández Roberto , Juaristi Eusebio 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe synthesis of novel chiral ureas (R,R)‐2, (S,S)‐3and (R)‐6incorporating the α‐phenylethyl group is described. Conformational analysis of these ureas, and of previously reported (R,R)‐1, was carried out computationally, both at semiempirical (AM1 and PM3) andab initio(HF and B3LYP) levels, and experimentally from x‐ray crystallographic analysis of (R,R)‐2and (S,S)‐3, and in the case of (R)‐6by means of NOE NMR spectroscopy. A substantial preference of 1.5–2.6 kcal mol−1in favor of conformations withsyn‐periplanar arrangements between the CH bond at the α‐phenylethylN‐substituent and the NC(O) segment was found, and this observation confirms the relevance of allylic A1,3strain in this system. The possibility of hydrogen bonding in thesyn‐periplanar CH···OCN arrangement was discarded in the light of topological analysis of (R,R)‐1, within the frame of Bader's atoms in molecules theory. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acrylamide inverse microemulsion polymerization in a paraffinic solvent: Rolling‐M‐245
Authors: Rentería M. , Muñoz M. , Ochoa J. R. , Cesteros L. C. , Katime I. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe inverse microemulsion polymerization of acrylamide in a paraffinic solvent, Rolling‐M‐245, stabilized by a mixture of nonionic surfactants (Emulan‐ELP‐11 and Brij‐92), was studied. Pseudoternary phase diagrams of this system were determined, and a range of hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance (HLB) values, from 8.98 to 9.2, were selected as the most favorable for acrylamide polymerization. The influence of factors such as the initiator composition, HLB, percentage of the aqueous phase, and addition of the monomer by steps on the final conversion and polyacrylamide molar masses were investigated. High conversions and molar masses were generally obtained with the different formulations. The polyacrylamide molar masses were influenced by the HLB and content in the aqueous phase. The addition of the aqueous phase by steps led to a progressive diminution of the molar masses as the number of stages increased. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 2495–2503, 2005
Spirituality influences health related quality of life in men with prostate cancer
Authors: Krupski Tracey L. , Kwan Lorna , Fink Arlene , Sonn Geoffrey A. , Maliski Sally , Litwin Mark S. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSpirituality is interdependent with the biological, psychological, and interpersonal aspects of life. Although spirituality has been studied in breast cancer survivors, little work has been done in men with prostate cancer. We sought to determine whether lower spirituality in men with early stage prostate cancer is associated with worse general health‐related quality of life (HRQOL), disease‐specific HRQOL, or psychosocial health. Two hundred and twenty‐two subjects were drawn from a state‐funded program providing free prostate cancer treatment to indigent men. Validated instruments captured spirituality, general and disease‐specific HRQOL, anxiety, symptom distress, and emotional well‐being. We found a consistent relationship between spirituality and the outcomes assessed. Low spirituality was associated with significantly worse physical and mental health, sexual function and more urinary bother after controlling for covariates. All of the psychosocial variables studied reflected worse adjustment in the men with low spirituality. Because the likelihood of prostate cancer survivorship is high, interventions targeting spirituality could impact the physical and psychosocial health of many men. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coping and quality of life among women extensively treated for gynecologic cancer
Authors: Costanzo Erin S. , Lutgendorf Susan K. , Rothrock Nan E. , Anderson Barrie 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe current study examined the use of engagement and avoidant coping strategies among advanced‐stage gynecologic cancer patients who were facing the long‐term stressors of extensive chemotherapy and advanced disease. Patients were compared to a reference group of early‐stage patients who had received more limited treatment. Compared to the reference group, extensively‐treated women more frequently utilized both engagement and avoidant strategies including active coping, seeking social support, and mental disengagement. Use of engagement coping strategies such as active coping and seeking social support were not significantly related to quality of life or mood. However, avoidant coping strategies, including disengagement and cognitive avoidance, were strongly associated with poorer well‐being and more distressed mood. Moreover, relationships between coping and quality of life differed between the extensively‐treated patients and patients in the limited treatment reference group. The use of avoidance and seeking instrumental support were associated with poorer outcomes among extensively‐treated patients but not among the limited treatment group. Results of the current study suggest that coping patterns and outcomes may be more pronounced among cancer patients contending with severe disease and extensive treatment and that avoidant coping strategies may be particularly detrimental with respect to these patients' mood and quality of life. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disordered respiratory control in children with partial cerebellar resections
Authors: Chen Maida Lynn , Witmans Manisha B. , Tablizo Mary Anne , Jubran Rima F. , Turkel Susan B. , Tavaré C. Jane , Keens Thomas G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWhile the cerebellum is not traditionally thought of as having an important role in respiratory control, breathing involves cyclic motor acts that require cerebellar coordination. We postulate that children with partial cerebellar resections have disordered respiratory control due to altered synchronization of ventilatory muscles. We reviewed the records of 36 children following partial cerebellar resections due to neoplasms confined to the cerebellum. P values were elevated in 19% of patients. Six patients had apneic or bradypneic events documented within the first month after resection. Two patients required intubation with assisted ventilation, and one needed assisted ventilation for 7.3 weeks. Those with apnea had lower oxygen saturations, and a longer need for supplemental oxygen. Patients with apnea were older than those without apnea. Swallowing, which uses many of the same muscles as those needed to maintain upper airway patency, was dysfunctional in 50% of those with apneas. We conclude that children with cerebellar resections have an increased incidence of apnea, hypoventilation, and hypoxemia not otherwise explained by pulmonary disease, and some require prolonged assisted ventilation. We speculate that these abnormalities are manifestations of altered respiratory control caused by dysfunctional cerebellar coordination of ventilatory muscles. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sweat‐testing in preterm and full‐term infants less than 6 weeks of age
Authors: Eng Warren , LeGrys Vicky A. , Schechter Michael S. , Laughon Matthew M. , Barker Pierre M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractOur objective was to examine the characteristics of preterm and full‐term infants ≤6 weeks old that influence the success of obtaining sufficient sweat for diagnosis of CF, and corresponding sweat chloride concentrations. A retrospective chart review of 119 sweat tests was performed on 103 preterm and full‐term infants ≤6 weeks of age. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to determine the predictors of successful sweat testing and characteristics influencing sweat chloride concentrations. Adequate amounts of sweat (≥75 mg) were obtained for analysis in 73.8% of initial attempts in the infant group. The following characteristics were associated with increased odds of obtaining a quantity not sufficient (QNS) for sweat chloride concentration measurement: African‐American race, infant weight <2,000 g, preterm birth, and postmenstrual age (PMA) <36 weeks. With a multivariable logistic model, the only significant predictors were African‐American race (7.3, 2.4–21.7) and PMA <36 weeks (17.9, 4.2–75.9). Sweat chloride concentration in non‐CF individuals is inversely related to both gestational age and age at testing, and this effect is additive in a linear regression model. In conclusion, sweat collection can be reliably performed in infants ≥36 weeks postmenstrual age, >2,000 g, and >3 days postnatal age. Maturational factors have a mild impact on sweat chloride concentration. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.