bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary spinal extradural hydatid cyst: a rare cause of compressive neuropathy in a pediatric patient
Authors: Aboulkher MHDGhazi , Zkib Jwil , Haddad Sultaneh , Bayat Ghassan , Albekaai Emad , Alayash Mahmoud , Hamed Ghiath , Shubat Mohammad Mahdi , Hallak Mohamed Hussam , Turkmani Dania 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Hydatid illness is caused by the parasite tapeworm Echinococcus. Spinal hydatid disease without visceral involvement is a rare condition. Symptoms of spinal hydatid disease are not specific and typically stem from spinal cord compression. Back pain is common, while radicular pain is observed in 25% to 95% of patients. Paraparesis is noted in 25% to 77% of individuals.

Case presentation:
We present a case of an isolated spinal hydatid cyst in the lumbar spine in a 13-year-old girl presented with progressive bilateral lower limb paraparesis. The radiological, laboratory, and clinical findings were consistent with a diagnosis of brucellosis. However, the symptoms persisted despite treatment, and it was later revealed through surgery and pathological examination that the child had isolated hydatid cysts in the vertebrae.

Discussion:
While primary spinal hydatid cysts are rare, the incidence of these lesions might be higher if cases that resembled other cystic lesions on radiological scans but were conservatively managed, especially in endemic regions, are considered. When determining a surgical approach, it is important to consider hydatid disease as a possibility for certain bone cystic lesions.

Conclusion:
Hydatid cysts should be considered in any child with a history of paralysis, especially if the child comes from an endemic area. In our case, the child was initially diagnosed with brucellosis, but it was later found that isolated hydatid cysts in the vertebrae caused the paralysis.
Single right sided traumatic avulsion fracture of both ASIS and AIIS: case review
Authors: Rijal Sanjeeb , Syangtan Bir Bahadur , Gupta Manish , Khatri Mala , Ansari Md Obada 
Published: January 2025

Introduction and importance:
Simultaneous avulsion fractures of the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) are rare, typically resulting from intense muscular contractions in athletes. Accurate diagnosis requires thorough examination and imaging.

Case presentation:
A 29-year-old male sustained right-sided ASIS and AIIS avulsion fractures from a road traffic accident. Diagnosis was confirmed via plain radiographs and 3D CT scans. The patient underwent surgical fixation with cannulated cancellous screws. He fully recovered and resumed pre-injury sports activity within 5 months.

Clinical discussion:
ASIS and AIIS avulsion fractures are uncommon, with simultaneous occurrences being even rarer. Proper diagnosis and surgical intervention are crucial, especially in active patients with significant displacement.

Conclusion:
Surgical treatment using cannulated cancellous screws led to complete recovery and return to sports activity in this case, highlighting the effectiveness of this approach for managing complex avulsion fractures.
Standardization of Subcutaneous Injection of Prefilled Anticoagulants Through Lean Six Sigma Management: A Before-After Study
Authors: Deng Ying , Huang Shan , Wang Gong Ming , Cai Dan Ping , Zhang Dong 
Published: January 2025

Aim:
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the Lean Six Sigma management approach on the standardization of nurses’ prefilled anticoagulant subcutaneous injection practices, with a focus on improving anticoagulation outcomes, reducing patient complications, and enhancing overall patient satisfaction.

Background:
The lack of standards for prefilled anticoagulant injection has resulted in a high complication rate, decreased patient satisfaction, and diminished service quality. This study investigated the impact of the Lean Six Sigma management approach on the standardization of nurses’ prefilled anticoagulant subcutaneous injection practices.

Methods:
This study compared pre-implementation and post-implementation data from Lean Six Sigma. A baseline investigation was conducted to determine the type and incidence of complications caused by anticoagulant injection. The nurses’ injection process was observed and analyzed to determine problems with the injection technology and the reasons for the reduction in injection quality. Solutions were developed to address these root causes, including formulating a standard process for the subcutaneous injection of preperfusion anticoagulant; recording teaching videos; formulating the standard operating procedure (SOP) while refining, quantifying, and optimizing the operation steps as much as possible; and making an injection site rotation card. Comparative assessments were conducted pre-training and post-training, focusing on nurses’ knowledge, standardization of operations, duration of procedures, patient complication rates, and satisfaction with nursing care.

Result:
Post-training, there was a significant increase in nurses’ knowledge and standardization of injection procedures. In addition, there was a notable reduction in the duration of the procedure and patient complications and an increase in patient satisfaction (P<0.01 or P<0.05).

Conclusion:
Implementing the Lean Six Sigma management approach effectively standardized nursing procedures for prefilled anticoagulant subcutaneous injections, improved anticoagulation outcomes, minimized patient complications, reduced injection time, and elevated the overall quality of clinical nursing and patient satisfaction.
The road forward with swarm systems
Authors: Abbass Hussein , Mostaghim Sanaz 
Published: January 2025

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics are accelerating progress in swarm systems. Large and bulky autonomous systems are being replaced with many, smaller, cheaper, distributed, decentralized and collectively smarter systems. However, developing these swarm intelligence systems comes with multiple challenges, including technological challenges to engineer smaller and smarter machines, interaction challenges to design novel interfaces and modalities for communication and sociotechnical challenges related to trustworthiness, ethics and legalities. Swarm systems present philosophical and mathematical dilemmas that are worthy of deeper scientific inquiry. This introduction contextualizes the topic in the contemporary literature and shows the current research directions and evolution of swarm systems using 11 carefully selected papers in this special theme. We conclude by discussing the way forward for swarm systems.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘The road forward with swarm systems’.
Distress is positively associated with induced secondary hyperalgesia in people with suppressed HIV
Authors: Mqadi Luyanduthando , Bedwell Gillian J. , Msolo Ncumisa , Arendse Gwendoline , Lesosky Maia , Kamerman Peter R. , Hutchinson Mark R. , Schrepf Andrew , Edwards Robert R. , Joska John A. , Parker Romy , Madden Victoria J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPain and distress are frequently reported by people with HIV. Although pain is widely acknowledged to contribute to distress, distress may also contribute to pain and its persistence. Given the evidence supporting a relationship between distress and clinical pain, the current study investigated the relationships between distress, secondary hyperalgesia (SH), and persistent pain in people with HIV, reporting pain (n=19) or being pain free (n=26). We anticipated that SH is an important link between distress and persistent pain, with distress potentially exacerbating pain by increasing the responsiveness of neurons in the central nervous system to nociceptive signalling. Our primary hypothesis was that self-reported distress would be positively associated with the induced surface area (primary measure) and magnitude (secondary measure) of SH. The secondary hypothesis was that individuals with persistent pain would display greater induced SH compared to those who reported being pain-free. The results showed that distress was positively associated with the surface area (p=0.02) and the magnitude (p=0.01) of induced SH. However, participants with persistent pain showed no difference in the surface area of SH compared to pain-free participants (p=0.87), and those with pain displayed a marginally lower magnitude of SH (p=0.05). These findings suggest that distress may be a worthy target of interventions in people exposed to acutely painful events. While this relationship may not be specific to people with HIV, further research is needed to establish its relevance to people without HIV.
Application of multi-theory model(MTM)health behavior change: A scoping review
Authors: Huai Panpan , Zhang Linghui , Zhang Bo , Li Yao , Wu Bing , Lv Huimei , Yang Hui 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundSince its proposal in 2015, MTM has received a lot of attention in health behavior change research both at home and abroad, but the model is still in the exploratory stage. Furthermore, the majority of current health promotion research focuses on a particular health habit, using a rather simple theoretical model. Learning from the evolution of MTM, the study of various behavioral changes is an area of health promotion research that requires careful cultivation. The purpose of this review is to discuss the application of MTM theory in health behavior change. By synthesizing relevant literature, we can improve the understanding of multi-theory model of health behavior change, make up for the shortcomings of existing studies, and provide suggestions for future studies.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review of the literature using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) framework and followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines to report findings. Databases such as PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Liberary, Web of Science, Ovid, CNKI, Wanfang, Vip and Sinomed. In addition to the traditional scoping review, we also evaluated the quality of the included literature.ResultsMTM is summarized by literature review, and the application status of MTM is reviewed. A total of 68 studies were included in this study, including 50 quantitative investigations, 12 quantitative interventions and 6 qualitative studies.ConclusionThe field of application for MTM is extensive, and it demonstrates a relatively high level of prediction accuracy and intervention effectiveness. Consequently, it can be effectively utilized to advance health behavior promotion and health education initiatives.
Testosterone replacement therapy ameliorates spatial cognitive function in age-related hypogonadism (LOH) patients: analysis with a virtual three-dimensional maze
Authors: Kawato Suguru , Mukai Hideo , Kai Yusuke , Kimura Masaki , Ogiue-Ikeda Mari , Soma Mika , Saito Minoru , Horie Shigeo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWhen comparing the behavioral levels of men and women using a maze navigation game created on a PC to investigate spatial cognitive function, many reports indicated that men are significantly faster than women at finding the exit of the maze.Analysis with functional MRI neuroimaging indicates that neural activation at multiple sites were observed during a maze navigation task. Significantly different regions were identified in men and women, with men showing significantly increased activity in the hippocampus. In contrast, women showed increased activity in the Brodmann area of the prefrontal cortex. When differences in the activated regions were taken between men and women, the hippocampal activity showed the largest difference.Since the hippocampal CA1 regions are known to be essentially responsible to spatial navigation ability, the reported difference in spatial ability between men and women could be due to higher testosterone (T) levels in mem than in women, because the application of T can increase hippocampal CA1 neural synapses as observed in rats, for example.In the present study, we developed the original 3D maze navigation test on a PC to accurately analyze spatial cognitive function, and this maze was used to analyze differences in spatial cognitive function between young male and female volunteers. The results showed that males took a distinctly shorter time and path length to escape the maze than females. We applied this maze test to analyze the possible improvement effects of spatial cognitive function by T-replacement therapy (TRT) on male patients with late onset hypogonadism (LOH). LOH patients have significantly low levels of T as well as high Aging males’ symptoms scale (AMS) scores when compared with healthy men. Upon TRT for 6 weeks, we revealed that the spatial cognitive ability of LOH patients was significantly improved along the increase of T levels and improvement of AMS scores.The observed improvement of spatial cognitive ability of LOH patients could be interpreted as effects of elevation of T levels in the hippocampal CA1 region where androgen receptor (AR) is localized.
In vivo autofluorescence lifetime imaging of theDrosophilabrain captures metabolic shifts associated with memory formation
Authors: Roussel Philémon , Zhou Mingyi , Stringari Chiara , Preat Thomas , Plaçais Pierre-Yves , Genovesio Auguste 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNeuronal energy regulation is increasingly recognized as a critical factor underlying brain functions and their pathological alterations, yet the metabolic dynamics that accompany cognitive processes remain poorly understood. As a label-free and minimally invasive technique, fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) of coenzymes NADH and NADPH (collectively referred to as NAD(P)H) offers the possibility to resolve cellular metabolic profiles with high spatial precision. However, NAD(P)H FLIM’s capacity to detect subtle changes in neuronal metabolism associated with cognition has not been demonstrated. In this study, we applied NAD(P)H FLIM to map the metabolic profiles ofDrosophilaneurons in vivo across multiple scales, focusing on the primary centers for associative memory: the mushroom bodies (MBs). At a broad scale, we obtained an overview of the metabolic signatures of the main brain tissue and identified a marked difference between neuropil and cortex areas. At a finer scale, our findings revealed notable heterogeneity in the basal metabolic profiles of distinct MB neuron subtypes. Measurements performed after associative olfactory learning also uncovered a subtype-specific metabolic shift associated with memory formation, demonstrating the utility of NAD(P)H FLIM in detecting physiology-driven changes linked to brain function. These results establish a promising framework for studying cerebral energy dynamics in vivo.
Implementing the SWYC: A Quality Improvement Project and Its Impact on Care Delivery
Authors: Matsuura Yusuke , Richter Felix , Block Gabrielle , Rosen Carolyn , Katz Cynthia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundDespite AAP recommending the use of validated developmental screening tools, national adoption remains low. To address this issue, we initiated a QI project to implement the Survey of Well-being in Young Children (SWYC) and assess its impact within our residency clinic. Our objective was to achieve over 50% screening coverage for well-child visits for children aged 8 to 33 months, with equitable implementation for both English-primary and non-English-primary speaking families. Additionally, we hypothesized that SWYC would significantly increase early intervention (EI) referral rates.MethodsPatients aged 8 to 33 months attending well-child visits were included. During implementation, various interventions, including staff emails, daily huddles, and integration of SWYC into the electronic health record, were employed. As part of the clinic workflow, a designated social worker (SW) initiates EI referrals; thus, SW referrals served as a proxy for EI referrals. Referral rates were compared pre- and post-SWYC implementation. Statistical significance was assessed using a chi-square test in R software.ResultsSWYC utilization reached 50% within five months of implementation. Analysis showed no significant difference in SWYC use between English-primary and non-English-primary speakers (p = 0.13). Post-SWYC, SW referral rates increased by 34% compared to pre-SWYC rates (p = 0.009).ConclusionsThis QI project showcased the swift adoption of a standardized developmental screening tool through system and cultural changes. SWYC implementation significantly increased SW referral rates, suggesting improved identification of developmental delays. Standardized developmental screening has the potential to enhance developmental outcomes and promote care equity through objective assessment systems.
Customizing the Structure of a Minimal TIM Barrel to Craft a De Novo Enzyme
Authors: Beck Julian , Smith Benjamin J. , Zarifi Niayesh , Freund Emily , Chica Roberto A. , Höcker Birte 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe TIM barrel is the most prevalent fold in natural enzymes, supporting efficient catalysis of diverse chemical reactions. Whilede novoTIM barrels have been successfully designed, their minimalistic architectures lack the structural elements necessary for substrate binding and catalysis. Here, we present CANVAS, a computational workflow that introduces a structural lid into a minimalde novoTIM barrel to anchor catalytic residues and form an active-site pocket for enzymatic function. Starting from twode novoTIM barrels, we designed nine variants with distinct lids to form active sites for the Kemp elimination. Experimental testing identified one active variant with catalytic efficiency comparable to previously reported Kemp eliminases. Mutational analyses confirmed that the designed lid is essential for catalysis, while molecular dynamics simulations revealed the importance of lid flexibility for substrate binding. This study reports the first enzymatically activede novoTIM barrel and establishes a platform for designing enzymes from minimal protein scaffolds.
ThePseudomonas aeruginosaT3SS can contribute to traversal of anin situepithelial multilayer independently of the T3SS needle
Authors: Jedel Eric , Schator Daniel , Kumar Naren G. , Sullivan Aaron B. , Rietsch Arne , Evans David J. , Fleiszig Suzanne M. J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMultilayered epithelia lining our tissue surfaces normally resist traversal by opportunistic bacteria. Previously, we developed a strategy to experimentally perturbate this resistancein situin the corneas of mouse eyes and used it to show that traversal of a multilayered epithelium byPseudomonas aeruginosarequires ExsA, the transcriptional activator of its type 3 secretion system (T3SS). Here, we developed a novel strategy for quantitively localizing individual traversing bacteria within thein situmultilayered corneal epithelium and explored contributions of T3SS components. The results showed that T3SS translocon and T3SS effector mutants had reduced epithelial traversal efficiency. Surprisingly, a ΔpscCmutant unable to assemble the T3SS needle traversed as efficiently as wild-typeP. aeruginosa, while a ΔexsDmutant ‘constitutively on’ for T3SS expression was traversal defective. Dispensability of the T3SS needle for effector-mediated traversal was confirmed using a mutant lacking the T3SS operon except the effector genes (ΔpscU-Lmutant). That mutant reacquired the ability to traverse if complemented with rhamnose-inducibleexsA, but not if the effector genes were also deleted (ΔpscU-LΔexoSTY). Western immunoblot confirmed ExoS in culture supernatants of rhamnose-inducedexsA-complemented ΔpscU-Lmutants lacking all T3SS needle protein genes. Together, these results show that epithelial traversal byP. aeruginosacan involve T3SS effectors and translocon proteins independently of the T3SS needle previously thought essential for T3SS function. This advances our understanding ofP. aeruginosapathogenesis and has relevance to development of therapeutics targeting the T3SS system.ImportanceWhile the capacity to cross an epithelial barrier can be a critical step in bacterial pathogenesis, our understanding of mechanisms involved is derived largely from cell culture experimentation. The latter is due to practical limitations ofin vivo/in situmodels and challenge of visualizing individual bacteria in the context of host tissue. Here, factors used byP. aeruginosato traverse an epithelial multilayerin situwere studied by: 1) leveraging the transparent properties and superficial location of the cornea, 2) using our established method for enabling bacterial traversal susceptibility, and 3) developing a novel strategy for accurate and quantitative localization of individual traversing bacteriain situ. Outcomes showed that T3SS translocon and T3SS effector proteins synergistically contribute to epithelial traversal efficiency independently of the T3SS needle. These findings challenge the assumption that the T3SS needle is essential for T3SS effectors or translocon proteins to contribute to bacterial pathogenesis.
Satellite Tobacco Mosaic Virus: Revealing Environmental Drivers of Capsid and Nucleocapsid Stability using High-Resolution Simulations
Authors: Blazhynska Marharyta , Adjoua Olivier , Vetter Zoe , Lagardère Louis , Piquemal Jean-Philip 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSatellite tobacco mosaic virus (STMV) is a model system for studying viral assembly and stability due to its architecture: a single-stranded RNA genome enclosed in an icosahedral capsid. Coupling a polarizable force-field to enhanced sampling, we explored at high-resolution the long-timescale structural dynamics of a complete ∼1M-atom STMV. RNA-free capsids exhibit remarkable stability at physiological salt concentrations, suggesting an evolutionary adaptation for capsid reuse during the viral life cycle. This observation challenges the notion that empty capsids are exclusively products of abortive assembly, positioning them instead as functional intermediates in viral reproduction. Additionally, RNA encapsidation creates electrostatic dependencies that magnesium ions mitigate, stabilizing both RNA and capsid through long-residence-time interactions with phosphate groups. Chloride ions further influence capsid permeability by modulating salt-bridge disruptions and interprotomeric interactions, with these effects being pH-dependent: enhanced at pH < 7, preserving nucleocapsid integrity, or weakened at pH = 7, facilitating disassembly and RNA release.