bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Spectral, Cyclic Voltammetric Studies, and Single Crystal X‐Ray Structure Determination of the Planar NiS2P2, NiS2PN, and NiS2PC Chromophores
Authors: Thiruneelakandan R. , Ramalingam K. , Bocelli G. , Righi L. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSynthesis, spectral and cyclic voltammetric characterization of [Ni(dedtc)(4‐MP)2](ClO4) (1), [Ni(dedtc)(4‐MP)(NCS)](2), [Ni(dedtc)(PPh3)(NCS)] (3) and [Ni(dedtc)(PPh3)(CN)] (4) (dedtc = diethyldithiocarbamate, 4‐MP = tri(4‐methylphenyl)phosphine, PPh3 = triphenylphophine) are reported. IR spectra of complexes 1‐4 show the characteristic thioureide (C‐N) bands at higher wave numbers compared to that of the parent dithiocarbamate complex [Ni(dedtc)2]. The d‐d transitions are observed in the region 452—482 nm.The CV studies clearly show the presence of reduced electron density on the nickel ions in mixed ligand complexes 1‐4 compared to the parent dithiocarbamate. Single crystal X‐ray structure studies show all the complexes to containplanar NiS2P2, NiS2PN, and NiS2PC chromophores in keeping with the observed diamagnetism. In all the complexes the Ni‐S distances are asymmetric. The thioureide C‐N distance of the complexes 1‐4 are less thanthe C‐N distance observed in the parent [Ni(dedtc)2].
Crystal Structures and Solution Studies of Two Novel Zinc(II) Complexes of a Proton Transfer Compound Obtained from 2, 6‐Pyridinedicarboxylic Acid and 1, 10‐Phenanthroline: Observation of Strong Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Moghimi Abolghasem , Sheshmani Shabnam , Shokrollahi Ardeshir , Shamsipur Mojtaba , Kickelbick Guido , Aghabozorg Hossein 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe proton transfer compound LH2, (phenH+)2(pydc2—), has been prepared from 1, 10‐phenanthroline, phen, and 2, 6‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid, (dipicolinic acid), pydcH2. Characterization was performed using solution and solid phase CP/MAS 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy. The reactions of this adduct with ZnSO4·7H2O and Zn(NO3)2·4H2O give the complexes, [Zn(pydc)2][Zn(phen)2(H2O)2]·7H2O (1) and [Zn(phen)3]4(H(Hpydc)2)(NO3)7·26H2O (2), respectively. These complexes were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X‐ray analysis. The complexes crystallize in the triclinic space group P1 with Z = 2. The unit cell dimensions for complex 1 and 2 are: a = 9.9838(9) Å, b = 14.7483(13) Å, c = 14.8365(13) Å and a = 12.640(4) Å, b = 15.855(5) Å, c = 21.830(7) Å, respectively. In complex 1 (pydc2—) and phen, are tri‐ and bidentate ligands, respectively, and an anionic [Zn(pydc)2]2— and cationic [Zn(phen)2(H2O)2]2+ complex are formed simultaneously. In complex 2, three phen participate in complexation leaving hydrogen‐bis(pyridine‐2‐carboxylate), (H(Hpydc)2)— as a supramolecular anion. The fragments (H(Hpydc)2)—, 7 NO3—, and 26 H2O in complex 2 are joined together by extensive and strong H‐bonding; therefore, the structure is composed of [Zn(phen)3]48+, and an anionic hydrogen bond supramolecular assembly with the formula, {(H(Hpydc)2(NO3)7)8—·26H2O}n. The anionic species (H(Hpydc)2)— has a special position at the inversion center, as well as one of the NO3— anions, which is disordered over the inversion center. Most of the hydrogen bonds in complex 2 represent strong H‐bonding. The protonation constants of the building blocks of the pydc‐phen adduct, the equilibrium constants for the reaction of (pydc2—) with phenanthroline and the stoichiometry and stability of the ZnII complex with LH2 on aqueous solution were determined by potentiometric pH titration. The solution study results support self‐association between (pydc2—) and (phenH+) with a stoichiometry for the Zn(II) complex similar to that observed for the isolated crystalline complex.
A New Inorganic‐Organic Hybrid with Zinc Phosphate Layers Pillared by the 4, 4'‐Bipyridine Units
Authors: Lin Zhi‐En , Zhang Jie , Zheng Shou‐Tian , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA new inorganic‐organic hybrid zinc phosphate with the formula Zn2(4, 4'‐bipy)(HPO4)2 (4, 4'‐bipy = 4, 4'‐bipyridine) has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, FTIR, ICP analysis, elemental analysis, SEM, powder X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and its fluorescent spectrum. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c (No.14), a = 10.4479(7), b = 8.1694(5), c = 8.9643(5) Å, β = 97.907(2), V = 757.86(8) Å3, Z = 2. The structure consists of ZnO3N and HPO4 tetrahedra by corner‐sharing to generate neutral 4.82‐net sheets, which are pillared through 4, 4'‐bipy ligands to form a 3‐D hybrid framework.
One‐dimensionally linked Chain Crown Ether Complexes. Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Complexes [K(18‐Crown‐6)]2[M(SeCN)4](H2O) (M = Pd, Pt)
Authors: Li Da‐Cheng , Du Mao‐Xi , Dou Jian‐Min , Wang Da‐Qi 
Published: December 2004

Abstract18‐crown‐6(18‐C‐6) complexes with K2[M(SeCN)4] (M = Pd, Pt): [K(18‐C‐6)]2[Pd(SeCN)4] (H2O) (1) and [K(18‐C‐6)]2[Pt(SeCN)4](H2O) (2) have been isolated and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and single crystal X‐ray analysis. The complexes crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/n with cell dimensions: 1: a = 1.1159(3) Å, b = 1.2397(3) Å, c = 1.6003(4) Å, β = 92.798(4)°, V = 2.2111(8) Å3, Z = 2, F(000) = 1140, R1 = 0.0418, wR2 = 0.0932 and 2: a = 1.1167(3) Å, b = 1.2394(3) Å, c = 1.5968(4) Å, β = 92.945(4)°, V = 2.2071(9) Å3, Z = 2, F(000) = 1204, R1 = 0.0341, wR2 = 0.0745. Both complexes form one‐dimensionally linked chains of [K(18‐C‐6)]+ cations and [M(SeCN)4]2— (M = Pd, Pt) anions bridged by K‐O‐K interactions between adjacent [K(18‐C‐6)]+ units.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Non‐linear Optical Properties of Cluster Compounds [MoAu2S4(PPh2Py)2] and [WAu2S4(PPh2Py)2]
Authors: Zhou Jian‐Liang , Song Ying‐Lin , Mo Hong‐Bing , Li Yi‐Zhi , Zheng He‐Gen , Xin Xin‐Quan 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe cluster compounds, [MoAu2S4(PPh2Py)2] (1) and [WAu2S4(PPh2Py)2] (2), were synthesized by the reaction of (NH4)2MS4 (M = Mo, W), H[AuCl4]·4H2O and diphenyl‐2‐pyridyl‐phosphine (PPh2Py) in CH2Cl2 solution. [MoAu2S4(PPh2Py)2] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 18.385(2), b =12.304(1), c = 16.904(2) Å, β =110.722(2)°, and Z = 4. [WAu2S4(PPh2Py)2] crystallizes in the triclinic space group P‐1 with a = 9.333 (3), b = 10.628(3), c = 19.566(6) Å, α = 89.26(1), β = 80.87(1), γ = 68.85(1)°, and Z = 2. Single crystal X‐ray analysis showed that these two compounds are isostructural, but belong to different space groups. The Mo (W) atom has a slightly distorted tetrahedral coordination, and the two Au atoms are distorted from trigonal planar, the P—Au—M—Au—P chain is nearly linear. Measurement of the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties using the Z‐scan technique with an 8‐ns pulsed laser at 532 nm showed that 1 and 2 possess NLO absorption and effective self‐focusing effect. The effective α2 and n2 values of cluster 1 are 5.89 × 10—12 m · W—1 and 6.45 × 10—18 m2 · W—1; the effective α2 and n2 values of compound 2 are 4.35 × 10—11 m · W—1 and 3.73 × 10—17 m2 · W—1.
Learning the piano: a study of attitudes to parental involvement
Authors: Macmillan Jenny 
Published: December 2004

Numerous studies in general education have concluded that parental involvement improves student achievement. Research in music education indicates that parental involvement is beneficial to progress on a musical instrument. However, few music teachers are known to actively encourage it. This paper reports on a detailed qualitative survey that examines teachers', pupils' and parents' attitudes to parental involvement, the extent and nature of that involvement, and pupils' resultant enjoyment and achievement.The survey found that, while pupils and parents alike welcome parental involvement, some teachers encourage this collaboration and some do not. Teachers who (a) have pedagogical qualifications, (b) have followed specialist courses, and (c) are experienced, prove more likely to encourage parental involvement.
Diencephalic tumours presenting as psychosis
Authors: Izci Y. , Karlidere T. , Caliskan U. , Akay K. M. 
Published: December 2004

Background:Diencephalic tumours are usually presented with the sign and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, endocrinological changes and visual disturbances. Psychiatric manifestation of such rare tumours is not well known.Objective:To investigate the challenges and benefits of psychiatric evaluation on the diagnosis of diencephalic tumours and to emphasize the presence of psychosis as an initial phenomenon.Methods and results:Two cases who presented with the characteristic symptoms of psychosis and diagnosed diencephalic tumour are reported. A detailed radiological examination confirmed such diagnosis in both cases and surgical treatment was done.Conclusion:First, all patients who presented with a history of unexplained behaviour change must be evaluated by psychiatrists to exclude an organic pathology. Secondly, until the diagnosis of diencephalic tumour is confirmed, the surgical management must be performed.
Pigs are not a reliable experimental model in the study of the haemodynamic and respiratory effects of CO2 pneumoperitoneum
Authors: Richard L. , Bures E. , Lacoste L. , Declerck A. , Carretier M. , Debaene B. , Fusciardi J. 
Published: December 2004

Background: Haemodynamic and respiratory effects of a CO2 pneumoperitoneum (intra‐abdominal pressure = 12 mmHg) associated to a head‐up position(15°) were studied in 20 pigs using a Swan‐Ganz catheter and the Single Breath Test for CO2. The pneumoperitoneum induced a moderate rise in mean arterial pressure (+17%) (P<0.001) without any variation in heart rate, cardiac output and systemic vascular resistances.Results: The following respiratory effects were observed: an increase in PaCO2 (+20%) (P<0.001), PE'CO2 (+31%) (P<0.001), expired volume of CO2 (+28%) (P<0.001), arterial to end‐tidal CO2 gradient (+80%) (P<0.001) and alveolar dead space (+40%) (P<0.001) occured. Alveolar ventilation remained stable. Finally and contrary to healthy human patient, intraperitoneal CO2 insufflation in pig induced slight haemodynamic changes and major respiratory modifications.Conclusion: Thus, our data do not support the conclusion that the pig is a reliable experimental model for studying the pathophysiology of CO2 pneumoperitoneum‐induced changes in haemodynamic and respiratory parameters, in human patients.
The effects of platelet apheresis in total hip replacement surgery on platelet activation
Authors: Ekbäck G. , Edlund B. , Smolowicz A. , Axelsson K. , Kjellberg J. , Carlsson O. , Schött U. 
Published: December 2004

Background: Autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) harvest with autotransfusion devices has been used for 10 years in cardiac surgery and recently in orthopedics as a blood saving method. The quality of the harvested platelets has not been adequately examined, in part because of methodological difficulties in studying platelet function during surgery.Methods: Twenty patients undergoing primary total hip replacement (THR) were studied. Ten patients underwent an immediate preoperative platelet apheresis to obtain concentrated platelet rich plasma (c‐PRP). The other 10 patients not undergoing apheresis were allocated to a control group.Platelet activation was evaluated as the population expressing P‐selectin on the surface of platelets in the c‐PRP and in blood samples collected pre‐, per‐ and postoperatively. The method used was flow cytometry.Results and conclusions: A minor population of activated platelets was found to be circulating in the patients' blood, with a highly significant difference between patients (P = 0.005), and with a range of 1–23% in peroperative activation. PRP harvest did not significantly alter platelet activity.The platelet apheresis procedure did not inhibit platelet function in the c‐PRP, as judged by a high proportion of platelets that could be activated in ADP stimulation experiments (mean value ± SD 86% ± 7.5%).
A controlled randomized treatment study: the effects of a cognitive remediation program on adolescents with early onset psychosis
Authors: Ueland T. , Rund B. R. 
Published: December 2004

Objective: To examine if a cognitive remediation program could be a positive supplement to a psychoeducational treatment program for adolescents with early onset psychosis.Method: Twenty‐six subjects, randomly assigned to cognitive remediation (n = 14) or control group (n = 12), were assessed on cognitive, clinical, psychosocial and behavioural measures.Results: No significant between‐group differences in pre‐ and post‐treatment scores were found. This may be due to low statistical power. Exploratory within‐group analyses showed that the training group improved on five of the 10 cognitive, and three of the five functioning outcome measures, while the control group improved on three of the cognitive, and one functioning outcome variable.Conclusion: Based on these results we cannot conclude that the addition of this cognitive remediation program, yields better results than psychoeducation alone. However, within‐group analyses indicate that on specific cognitive functions, as well as on some functioning outcome measures, the remediation program may have a positive effect.
Outcomes of the peer‐taught 12‐week family‐to‐family education program for severe mental illness
Authors: Dixon L. , Lucksted A. , Stewart B. , Burland J. , Brown C. H. , Postrado L. , McGuire C. , Hoffman M. 
Published: December 2004

Objective:  Family‐to‐Family Education Program (FFEP) is a 12‐week course for family members of adults with serious mental illness (SMI). This study evaluates the effectiveness of FFEP for several family member outcomes.Method:  The FFEP enrollees on a ≥3‐month waiting list were eligible; 95 consenting family members agreed to four interviews (waitlist, pre‐FFEP, post‐FFEP, and 6 months post‐FFEP) regarding subjective and objective burden, empowerment, and depression. Mixed effects ANOVA models tested hypotheses of decreased burden and increased empowerment after FFEP.Results:  The FFEP was associated with reduced subjective burden (P < 0.01) and increased empowerment (P < 0.01) without changes in objective burden. Knowledge about SMI, understanding the mental health system, and self‐care also improved. There was no significant decay at 6‐month followup.Conclusion:  This study provides evidence that FFEP is helpful to relatives of persons with SMI by reducing subjective burden and worry, and increasing empowerment, knowledge about SMI, understanding the mental health system, and self‐care.
Kettil Bruun Society for Social and Epidemiological Research on Alcohol
Authors: Demers Andrée , Garretsen Henk , Room Robin , Rossow Ingeborg , Ugland Trygve 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTThe Kettil Bruun Society for Social and Epidemiological Research on Alcohol (KBS) was established in 1987 and is an independent organization open to all scientists working on problems related to social and epidemiological research on alcohol. The aim of the Society is to promote social and epidemiological research which fosters a comparative understanding of the social aspects of alcohol use and alcohol problems. In line with this the Society also aims at promoting a spirit of international collaboration. The Kettil Bruun Society is based on individual membership and, by 2003, has 197 fully paid‐up members, representing 34 different countries over five continents. The main activities include an annual meeting as well as thematic meetings. In these meetings, discussions are emphasized by having precirculated papers and assigned discussants. The KBS also serves as a basis for organizing international collaborative projects. Project meetings or work‐shops are often organized around the annual meetings, and the projects tend to run over several years. The Society's primary influence is through the mutual influence of its members on each others’ thinking, the work of the projects that KBS sponsors and the influence its members have collectively on the development of the field.
Gastric mucosal infiltration by Helicobacter pylori favours bacterial survival after treatment
Authors: NERI M. , SUSI D. , BOVANI I. , LATERZA F. , PORRECA E. , CUCCURULLO F. 
Published: December 2004

Background: Although a number of patient and bacterial factors have been identified as predictors of treatment failure in Helicobacter pylori‐associated gastritis, the causes of lack of response to treatment have not been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that bacterial infiltration of the gastric mucosa might be one of the factors responsible for treatment failure in patients harbouring the bacterium. Methods: We studied 182 patients with gastritis who underwent anti‐H. pylori treatment with different drugs. Gastric biopsies obtained at endoscopy, were examined for electron microscopic features of infiltration and damage. Patients were assigned to different treatment groups, and endoscopy, evaluation of H. pylori status and electron microscopy were repeated at least 4 weeks after the end of treatment. Results: The overall H. pylori eradication rate was 65%. Eradication was achieved more frequently in patients without electron microscopic features of infiltration (85%), than in those patients with the bacteria deeply embedded into the gastric mucosa (45%; P<0.0001). No treatment appeared to be clearly superior for patients with the highest degree of mucosal infiltration. Conclusions: Bacterial mucosal infiltration may facilitate the survival of H. pylori during antibacterial treatment; moreover, electron microscopy may be helpful to identify patients potentially unresponsive to anti‐H. pylori treatment.
Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection with low or high dose omeprazole combined with amoxycillin and the effect of early retreatment
Authors: VAN DER HULST R. W. M. , WEEL J. F. L. , VERHEUL S. B. , KELLER J. J. , TEN KATE F. J. W. , VAN DER  ENDE A. , RAUWS E. A. J. , DANKERT J. , TYTGAT G. N. J. 
Published: December 2004

Background: Cure rates of H. pylori infection, using dual therapy with omeprazole and amoxycillin, vary considerably and the efficacy of retreatment with this regimen in the case of initial failure is controversial. Therefore, we conducted a large prospective double‐blind randomized trial, studying the efficacy of low vs. high dose omeprazole in dual therapy and of early retreatment with the same regimens. Methods: One hundred and sixty‐eight consecutive H. pylori‐positive patients, suffering from either peptic ulcer disease or functional dyspepsia, were enrolled. Group I (n=84) received omeprazole 20 mg b.d. plus amoxycillin 750 mg t.d.s., for 2 weeks. Group II (n=84) received omeprazole 40 mg t.d.s. plus amoxicillin 750 mg t.d.s., for 2 weeks. Results: The H. pylori eradication rate was 60.2% in group I and 64.3% in group II (P=0.59). Cure of H. pylori infection was significantly better in patients with peptic ulcer disease, compared to non‐ulcer dyspeptics (P=0.016). Retreatment, given in 54 patients, was successful in 21.4% patients in group I and in 28% patients in group II (P=0.58). Conclusions: High dose of omeprazole has no advantage compared to low dose in terms of eradication efficacy. Early retreatment with the same regimen offers limited improvement in cure rate. Presence of peptic ulcer disease influences cure rates significantly.
Viral nucleotide changes in asymptomatic hepatitis B carriers undergoing interferon treatment
Authors: HOW W. , NG W. C. , TAN M. F. , SEET B. L. , GUAN R. 
Published: December 2004

Background: Interferon might induce mutation in regions of hepatitis B virus DNA that encode for immunologic target of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Aim: To investigate the short‐term effect of steroid priming and interferon therapy on hepatitis B virus, we followed the nucleotide changes in the precore and core region of hepatitis B virus DNA in seven healthy asymptomatic carriers who underwent steroid priming followed by recombinant alpha interferon for 3 months. Methods: Hepatitis B virus DNA from serial sera of the patients were polymerase chain reaction‐amplified, and the precore and core region directly sequenced and analysed. Results: Analysis revealed no serial changes in the hepatitis B virus nucleotide sequence in any of the patients. Conclusions: Steroid priming and short‐term treatment with interferon in healthy asymptomatic patients does not select for hepatitis B virus with mutations in the precore and core region.
Mast cells do not contribute to nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐induced gastric mucosal injury in rodents
Authors: RIOUX K. P. , WALLACE J. L. 
Published: December 2004

Background: By releasing pro‐ulcerogenic mediators, mast cells may contribute to the mucosal injury associated with the use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Methods: To study this, rat and mouse models of NSAID‐induced gastric damage were used in which administration of indomethacin causes haemorrhagic injury in the corpus region of the stomach, and the “re‐feeding” model in which penetrating antral ulcers are induced in the rat by naproxen. Mast cell degranulation was determined histologically and by measurement of tissue and serum levels of rat mast cell protease‐II, a mediator specific to mucosal mast cells. The effects of either increasing or decreasing the number of gastric mucosal mast cells on the susceptibility of the stomach to injury induced by indomethacin were also studied. Results: Gastric injury induced by indomethacin was not accompanied by significant mast cell degranulation. Moreover, neither increasing nor decreasing the number of gastric mucosal mast cells had a significant effect on the susceptibility of the gastric mucosa to damage induced by indomethacin. In the re‐feeding model, prior depletion of gastric mucosal mast cells did not significantly affect the severity of antral ulceration induced by naproxen, nor the ability of prostaglandin E2 to prevent this damage. Finally, indomethacin‐induced damage was similar in severity in mice with a genetic defect resulting in the complete absence of mast cells as it was in normal, congenic littermates. Conclusion: Mast cells do not play a significant role in the development of gastric injury induced by acute NSAID administration in the rat or mouse.
Review article: quantitative leucocyte scanning in the assessment of inflammatory bowel disease activity and its response to therapy
Authors: WELDON M. J. , LOWE C. , JOSEPH A. E. A. , MAXWELL J. D. 
Published: December 2004

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms may be due not only to the effects of bowel inflammation, but also can result from many non‐inflammatory consequences of the disease. Clinical scores and health questionnaire ratings produce a global assessment which is useful in the overall evaluation of the impact of the illness on the patient, and the effect of treatment. However many studies have failed to recognize the need to separately assess changes in the degree of bowel inflammation, in addition to a global clinical response.Radiolabelled white cell scanning using 111‐indium has been shown to provide an accurate, quantitative and non‐invasive method for assessing the degree of bowel inflammation in IBD and its response to therapy, using faecal collection or total body counts of radioactivity. More recently 99mTc hexamethyl propylene amine oxime (HMPAO) labelled white cell scanning has been introduced, which has advantages over the 111‐indium method, including reduced radiation dosimetry and enhanced image quality. 99mTc‐HMPAO scanning using three‐dimensional white cell scanning (single photon emission computerized tomography; SPECT) allows visualization of the entire bowel separate from overlying structures.99mTc‐HMPAO white cell scanning with SPECT has now been computerized and automated to permit measurement of segmental and total bowel radiolabelled white cell infiltrate. This method could potentially provide the gold standard for objective assessment of the response of disease activity in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, and merits application in clinical trials of novel therapies for IBD.