bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic evaluation of non-invasive liver tests for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis in chronic liver diseases: a systematic review protocol
Authors: de Almeida Cardoso Marilia Mastrocolla , Thabane Lehana , Romeiro Fernando Gomes , Silva Giovanni Faria , Machado-Rugolo Juliana , Fonseca Alan Francisco , dos Santos Wendel Mombaque , de Almeida Juliana Tereza Coneglian , Thavorn Kednapa , Tarride Jean-Eric 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
The objective of this review is to determine the costs and benefits of non-invasive liver tests vs liver biopsy in patients with chronic liver diseases.

Introduction:
Hepatic diseases can lead to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the past, liver biopsy was the only option for diagnosing fibrosis degree. Liver biopsy is an invasive procedure that depends on the sample size to be able to deliver an accurate diagnosis. In recent years, non-invasive liver tests have been increasingly used to estimate liver fibrosis degree; however, there is a lack of economic assessments of technology implementation outcomes.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will include partial (cost studies) and complete economic evaluation studies on hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcoholic liver disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease that compare non-invasive liver tests with liver biopsies. Studies published in English, French, Spanish, German, Italian, or Portuguese will be included. No date limits will be applied to the search.

Methods:
This review will identify published and unpublished studies. Published studies will be identified using MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and LILACS. Sources of unpublished studies and gray literature will include sources from health technology assessment agencies, clinical practice guidelines, regulatory approvals, advisories and warnings, and clinical trial registries, as well as Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers will screen and assess studies, and extract and critically appraise the data. Data extracted from the included studies will be analyzed and summarized to address the review objective using narrative text, and the JBI dominance ranking matrix.

Review registration:
PROSPERO CRD42023404278
Exergy Management Strategies for Hybrid Electric Ground Vehicles: A Dynamic Programming Solution
Authors: Acquarone Matteo , Pozzato Gabriele , James Corey , Onori Simona 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this work, exergy management strategies (ExMSs) for hybrid electric ground vehicles (HEVs) are developed. The main advantage of using the exergetic framework is the possibility of pursuing unconventional optimization goals that are inaccessible to the standard energy management strategy (EMS). For instance, in military applications, the critical goal of preventing thermal imaging detection from adversary units does not seem achievable with the conventional EMS. On the other hand, the exergy-based framework can be adopted to reduce the vehicle thermal emissions through the minimization of exergy terms related to heat exchange. Moreover, the overall efficiency of the vehicle can be increased through the minimization of the exergy destruction, a quantity that is not quantifiable by energy-based methods. In this paper, the exergetic model of a series hybrid electric military truck and the exergetic model of the electric induction generator are developed and used to formulate and solve two novel exergy management strategies aiming to minimize genset exergy destruction and thermal emissions, respectively. The optimal solutions to the EMS and ExMSs control problems are obtained through Dynamic Programming over two driving missions. The results show that ExMS for the minimization of exergy destruction achieves similar results to the standard EMS, while the ExMS for the minimization of thermal emissions obtains significantly lower thermal emissions compared to the EMS, effectively reducing the thermal imaging detection risk.
Particle Image Velocimetry in a Centrifugal Pump: Influence of Walls on the Flow at Different Axial Positions
Authors: Perissinotto Rodolfo M. , Fonseca William D. P. , Cerqueira Rafael F. L. , Monte Verde William , Bannwart Antonio C. , Franklin Erick M. , Castro Marcelo S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
For almost a century, humans have relied on centrifugal pumps for the transport of low-viscous fluids in commercial, agricultural, and industrial activities. Details of the fluid flow in impellers often influence the overall performance of the centrifugal pump and may explain unstable and inefficient operations taking place sometimes. However, most studies in the literature were devoted to understanding the flow in the midaxial position of the impeller, only with a few focusing their analysis on regions closer to solid walls. This paper aims to study the water flow in the vicinity of the front and rear covers (shroud and hub) of a radial impeller to address the influence of these walls on the fluid dynamics. For that, experiments using particle image velocimetry (PIV) were conducted in a transparent pump at three different axial planes, and the PIV images were processed to obtain the average velocity fields and profiles, as well as turbulence levels. Our results suggest that: (i) significant angular deviations are observed when the velocity vectors on the peripheral planes are compared with those on the central plane; (ii) the velocity profiles close to the border are similar to those in the middle, but the magnitudes are lower close to the hub than to the shroud; (iii) the turbulent kinetic energy on the periphery is up to eight times greater than that measured at the center. Our results bring new insights that can help propose mathematical models and improve the design of new impellers. A database and technical drawings of the centrifugal pump are also available in this paper so that other researchers can perform numerical simulations and validate them against experimental data.
State of the Art in Radiostereometric Analysis for Tibial Baseplate Migration and Future Research Directions
Authors: Niesen Abigail E. , Hull Maury L. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) measures movement (migration) of a baseplate relative to the underlying tibia after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and has been used extensively to evaluate safety of new implant designs and/or surgical techniques regarding baseplate loosening. Because RSA is a complex methodology which involves various choices that researchers make, including whether to use marker-based or model-based methods, which migration metric to report, how to relate short-term migrations to long-term risk, and how these choices impact error, the objectives of this review were to: (1) lay out a comprehensive structure illustrating the multiple components/considerations for RSA and their interrelations, (2) review components of the structure using the latest RSA literature, and (3) use the preceding review as a context for identifying future areas of study. The components to be reviewed were structured using the following topics: type of RSA, migration metrics, sources of error, studies/reports of error, stability limits, and studies of error in stability limits. Based on the current RSA literature and knowledge gaps which exist, the following future research directions were identified: (1) revising the ISO standard to require reporting of clinical measurement error (bias) and recommending use of a local baseplate coordinate system, (2) identifying the migration metric and associated threshold most predictive of baseplate loosening for individual patients, (3) creating a method for data sharing to improve individual patient diagnostics, and (4) determining an appropriate stability limit for model-based RSA for group stability and individual patient diagnostics.
Long-Term Effects of Reproduction and Lactation on the Rat Supraspinatus Tendon and Proximal Humerus
Authors: Fung Ashley K. , Li Yihan , Wang Jasmine , Leahy Thomas P. , Shetye Snehal S. , Liu X. Sherry , Soslowsky Louis J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
During pregnancy and breastfeeding, women undergo hormonal fluctuations required for fetal development, parturition, and infant growth. These changes have secondary consequences on the maternal musculoskeletal system, increasing the risk for joint pain and osteoporosis. Though hormone levels return to prepregnancy levels postpartum, women may experience lasting musculoskeletal pain. Sex disparities exist in the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, but it remains unclear how reproductive history may impact sex differences. Specifically, the effects of both reproductive history and sex on the rotator cuff have not been studied. Pregnancy and lactation affect bone microstructure, suggesting possible impairments at the enthesis of rotator cuff tendons, where tears commonly occur. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate how reproductive history affects sex differences of the supraspinatus tendon and proximal humerus using male, virgin female, and female rats with a history of reproduction (referred to as reproductive females). We hypothesized tendon mechanical properties and humeral bone microstructure would be inferior in reproductive females compared to virgin females. Results showed sex differences independent of reproductive history, including greater tendon midsubstance modulus but lower subchondral bone mineral density (BMD) in females. When considering reproductive history, reproductive rats exhibited reduced tendon insertion site modulus and trabecular bone micro-architecture compared to virgin females with no differences from males. Overall, our study identified long-term changes in supraspinatus tendon mechanical and humeral trabecular bone properties that result following pregnancy and lactation, highlighting the importance of considering reproductive history in investigations of sex differences in the physiology and pathology of rotator cuff injuries.
Options for Improving Performance of Additively Manufactured Nickel-Base Superalloys for Gas Turbine Applications
Authors: Bridges Alex , Shingledecker John , Clark John , Crudden David , Kirka Michael , Fernandex-Zelaia Patxi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) has been increasingly used for gas turbine (GT) components over the last decade. Many different components can be successfully designed, printed, and used in the gas turbine. However, there still exist questions on the use of AM components in hot-section areas. These components are typically fabricated from nickel-base superalloys that are known to have superior mechanical properties at elevated temperatures (e.g., creep and fatigue). Research over the last decade has been primarily focused on the printability of nickel-base superalloys, and there still exists a gap in understanding the high temperature processing–structure–properties–performance relationships of these alloy systems. This study evaluates the effect of processing methods, such as laser-based powder bed fusion (LBPBF) and electron beam powder bed fusion (EBPBF), on the resulting microstructure and time dependent mechanical properties of a nickel-base superalloy (ABD®900). Material after each build was subsequently heat treated using both near-solvus (at or slightly below the gamma prime solvus temperature) and super-solvus (above gamma prime solvus temperature) conditions. Multistep aging was then carried out to produce a bi-modal distribution of gamma prime precipitates as is typical in similar alloys. Microstructure was evaluated in both the as-built and fully heat-treated conditions for each processing technique. Mechanical testing was conducted to evaluate the effects of AM build methods, microstructure, and heat treatment on high temperature mechanical properties. The results show that there are several methods which can be used to improve the performance of components built using AM. The creep testing results for ABD900-AM clearly show an improvement in properties (rupture life and ductility) at all test conditions compared to testing in the prior AM alloy of the same class. A super-solvus heat treatment improved creep rupture strength by ∼3× in the LBPBF material compared to the near-solvus heat treatment. These findings provide directions for future studies to advance the overall state of gas turbine technology by enabling ABD®900-AM material and other AM alloys to be used in more innovative hot-section components.
Assessing Transfer Matrix Models and Measurements Using Acoustic Energy Conservation Principles
Authors: Latour Véranika , Rajendram Soundararajan Preethi , Durox Daniel , Renaud Antoine , Candel Sébastien 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Acoustic transfer matrices are widely used in the analysis of combustion dynamics of gas turbines. The reliability of the analysis thus depends on the quality of the determination of the transfer matrices of the individual acoustic elements composing the system's acoustic network. These matrices are, in some simple cases, deduced analytically using one-dimensional acoustic modeling. For more complex elements, such as swirlers, perforated plates, or injection units, the transfer matrix has to be obtained experimentally using an impedance tube setup. There are, however, uncertainties in the experimental determination of the transfer matrix coefficients and in the modeling of key elements like injection units. It is thus worth examining experimental data and assessing models using acoustic energy conservation principles. The general idea is to consider the acoustic power flow in the element represented by the transfer matrix T and compare the power input to the power output. This is best accomplished by obtaining a representation in terms of a scattering matrix S, which may be deduced from the transfer matrix T. It is first shown that standard models like those corresponding to a constant area duct or an area change comply with acoustic energy conservation. This analysis is then employed to assess the L−ζ model, widely used to describe injection unit dynamics. Acoustic conservation principles are then used to assess transfer matrices of a family of injectors determined experimentally and check that the data complies with these principles.
Multidisciplinary Optimization of Thermodynamic Cycles for Large-Scale Heat Pumps With Simultaneous Component Design
Authors: Gollasch Jens , Lockan Michael , Stathopoulos Panagiotis , Nicke Eberhard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The performance of high temperature heat pumps (HTHPs) is highly dependent on the efficiency of its main components, which need to be optimally matched especially in closed cycles. The design process is therefore a challenging task as many disciplines and varying modeling depths need to be considered. Consequently, this is usually a sequential procedure beginning with cycle definition and raising the fidelity for component design. Fundamental design decisions are made based on assumptions for component performance. Mistakes in the phase of cycle definition are hard to reverse in later design stages. Therefore, this work introduces holistic approaches to the multidisciplinary design of closed Brayton cycles. Aerodynamic compressor design with two-dimensional throughflow analysis and geometry-based heat exchanger sizing are simultaneously optimized with thermodynamic cycle parameters. The presented methodologies make use of highly sophisticated design tools drawing on many years of experience in gas turbine design. The results demonstrate that holistic heat pump optimization can be successfully performed with reasonable computational effort. The advantages compared to conventional sequential design are elaborated. A comparison of two optimization concepts indicates that splitting up the design vectors of cycle and components shows the tendency to improve robustness. Finally, the tradeoff between system compactness and performance is demonstrated with a multi-objective optimization study.
Generating Dispatching Rules for the Interrupting Swap-Allowed Blocking Job Shop Problem Using Graph Neural Network and Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Wong Vivian Wen Hui , Kim Sang Hun , Park Junyoung , Park Jinkyoo , Law Kincho H. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The interrupting swap-allowed blocking job shop problem (ISBJSSP) is a complex scheduling problem that is able to model many manufacturing planning and logistics applications realistically by addressing both the lack of storage capacity and unforeseen production interruptions. Subjected to random disruptions due to machine malfunction or maintenance, industry production settings often choose to adopt dispatching rules to enable adaptive, real-time re-scheduling, rather than traditional methods that require costly re-computation on the new configuration every time the problem condition changes dynamically. To generate dispatching rules for the ISBJSSP problem, we introduce a dynamic disjunctive graph formulation characterized by nodes and edges subjected to continuous deletions and additions. This formulation enables the training of an adaptive scheduler utilizing graph neural networks and reinforcement learning. Furthermore, a simulator is developed to simulate interruption, swapping, and blocking in the ISBJSSP setting. By employing a set of reported benchmark instances, we conduct a detailed experimental study on ISBJSSP instances with a range of machine shutdown probabilities to show that the scheduling policies generated can outperform or are at least as competitive as existing dispatching rules with predetermined priority. This study shows that the ISBJSSP, which requires real-time adaptive solutions, can be scheduled efficiently with the proposed method when production interruptions occur with random machine shutdowns.
Radius of Contact During Friction Surfacing of Stainless Steel 304L: Effect of Spindle Speed and Rod Diameter
Authors: Agiwal Hemant , Yeom Hwasung , Sridharan Kumar , Rudraraju Shiva , Pfefferkorn Frank E. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The “radius of contact” or the “real-rotational contact plane,” has been increasingly mentioned terminology in friction surfacing. However, the fundamental understanding of the flow dynamics behind this phenomenon is still very limited. The goal of this study was to understand the influence of spindle speed and consumable rod diameter on the flow dynamics and the radius of contact during friction surfacing of 304L stainless steel over a substrate of the same material. Friction surfacing was performed using consumable rods with diameters of 4.76 mm, 9.52 mm, and 12.7 mm while using spindle speeds from 1500 rpm to 20,000 rpm. The impact of spindle speed on deposition morphology, including the radius of contact, was studied. The radius of contact was calculated empirically and was found to be inversely proportional to the tangential velocity of the rod. The coupling between flow stresses and localized forces is hypothesized to be the key factor behind the variation of the radius of contact with processing conditions.
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Authors: Biehler Michael , Mock Reinaldo , Kode Shriyanshu , Mehmood Maham , Bhardwaj Palin , Shi Jianjun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) has revolutionized the way we design, prototype, and produce complex parts with unprecedented geometries. However, the lack of understanding of the functional properties of 3D-printed parts has hindered their adoption in critical applications where reliability and durability are paramount. This paper proposes a novel approach to the functional qualification of 3D-printed parts via physical and digital twins. Physical twins are parts that are printed under the same process conditions as the functional parts and undergo a wide range of (destructive) tests to determine their mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties. Digital twins are virtual replicas of the physical twins that are generated using finite element analysis (FEA) simulations based on the 3D shape of the part of interest. We propose a novel approach to transfer learning, specifically designed for the fusion of diverse, unstructured 3D shape data and process inputs from multiple sources. The proposed approach has demonstrated remarkable results in predicting the functional properties of 3D-printed lattice structures. From an engineering standpoint, this paper introduces a comprehensive and innovative methodology for the functional qualification of 3D-printed parts. By combining the strengths of physical and digital twins with transfer learning, our approach opens up possibilities for the widespread adoption of 3D printing in safety-critical applications. Methodologically, this work presents a significant advancement in transfer learning techniques, specifically addressing the challenges of multi-source (e.g., digital and physical twins) and multi-input (e.g., 3D shapes and process variables) transfer learning.
Evaluation of Physical Activity Assessment Using a Triaxial Activity Monitor in Community-Dwelling Older Japanese Adults With and Without Lifestyle-Related Diseases
Authors: Nagayoshi Sho , Yatsugi Harukaze , Liu Xin , Saito Takafumi , Yamatsu Koji , Kishimoto Hiro 
Published: October 2023

Background: Several previous studies investigated physical activity of older adults using wearable devices, but more studies need to develop normative values for chronic disease conditions. This study aimed to investigate physical activity using a triaxial activity monitor in community-dwelling older Japanese adults with and without lifestyle-related diseases. Methods: Data from a total of 732 community-dwelling older Japanese men and women were collected and analyzed in a cross-sectional study. The participants’ physical activity was assessed for seven consecutive days by a triaxial accelerometer. Physical activity was assessed by number of lifestyle-related diseases and six lifestyle-related diseases categories by gender. Physical activity was assessed separately for total, locomotive, and nonlocomotive physical activity. Results: Participants with multiple (two or more) diseases had significantly lower total light-intensity physical activity (LPA; 278.5 ± 8.4 min/day) and nonlocomotive LPA (226.4 ± 7.0 min/day) versus without diseases in men. Compared in each disease category, total LPA and nonlocomotive LPA was significantly lower in men with hypertension and diabetes. Total sedentary time was significantly higher in men with hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease. Locomotive LPA was significantly lower in men with diabetes. In women, locomotive moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity was significantly higher in women with diabetes, and nonlocomotive moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity was significantly lower in women with heart disease. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that older Japanese men with multiple lifestyle-related diseases had lower physical activity. In each disease category, hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease affected lower physical activity, especially in men.