bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitigating Procurement Hazards in the Context of Innovation
Authors: Figueiredo John M De , Teece David J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
I have spoken to many audiences about the benefits of AT&T being a vertically integrated business that had both services and equipment There have been many advantages to our current structure. But the dramatic changes in our markets driven by our customers, new technologies like wireless, and public policy decisions, have opened up so many new opportunities that we need to simplify and more sharply focus our businesses to respond swiftly and effectively to those opportunities. It is not a secret that our Network Systems business has been affected by the conflicts that our Communication Services Group has been having with the RBOCs both in the public policy arena and increasingly in the marketplace as we entered the intra-LATA market.
Overview of Evidence for the Importance of Adverse Environmental Conditions in Causing Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Dohrenwend Bruce P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Guze (1989) and Heston (1988), quoted in my introduction to this volume, implied that, in the context of advances in behavioral genetic research, the burden of proof is on those who would provide a similar demonstration of the importance of environmental adversity in the development of psychiatric disorders. Is the evidence, especially the evidence presented in this volume, a basis for a positive response to this challenge? In this chapter, I argue that there are three sets of studies, all of which are represented in preceding chapters, whose results, taken together, provide compelling evidence that environmental adversity and stress are important in the development of major types of psychopathology.
Altered Consciousness
Authors: Galanter Marc 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
People are more vulnerable to social influence when they are made to think, sense, and feel differently than usual, when someone or something disrupts their emotional balance. Such changes in subjective experience (or alterations in consciousness) can undermine the psychological matrix in which our views are rooted, so that we lose track of customary internal signposts. They may also introduce a feeling of mystery, or a sense that forces beyond our control are operating. Thus, they can prime us to accept unaccustomed explanations for our experiences and adopt new attitudes implied in these explanations. In this respect altered consciousness can help shape members’ attitudes in a charismatic group.
Accidental Logics
Authors: Tuohy Carolyn Hughes 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Health care reform has become one of the most prevalent topics in recent policy discourse within and across nations. In the 1990s, common features of the health care arena elevated the importance of bargaining relationships among large, sophisticated entities as the dominant mode of decision-making, fundamentally challenging the traditional dominance of the medical profession, which had been grounded in individualized “agency” relationships between providers and patients. These developments have played out in varying ways around the globe. Carolyn Hughes Tuohy looks at the experiences of the United States, Britain, and Canada, offering an international comparative study of public policy systems, as well as a recent history of the evolution of each national health care system. What drives change in health care systems? Why do certain changes occur in some nations and not in others? Tuohy argues that the answer lies in understanding the “accidents” of history that have shaped national systems at critical moments and in the distinctive “logics” of these systems. Her study carefully delineates both the common logic of the health care arena, deriving from micro-economic characteristics and technological change, and the particular logics of national systems, put in place by specific episodes of policy change. She goes on to explore how in the wake of these episodes, the mixed market in the United States, hierarchical corporatism in Britain, and the single-payer system in Canada determined the subsequent direction and pace of change in all three countries. Finally, Tuohy provides suggestions to guide the strategic judgments that decision-makers must make within the health care system of each country. Accidental Logics uniquely departs from the descriptive literature currently available by presenting an extensive review of the evidence regarding the evolution of the health care arenas in the United States, Britain, and Canada, integrated within an explanatory framework. It is essential up-to-date reading for political scientists working in comparative politics and public policy, health policy analysts, government agency officials, and students in political science, health policy, and administration programs.
From Jim Crow To Civil Rights
Authors: Klarman Michael J . 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Do Supreme Court decisions matter? In 1896 the United States Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson that railroad segregation laws were permissible under the Fourteenth Amendment. In 1954 the Court𠆘s decision in Brown v. the Board of Education held that the same constitutional provision invalidated statutes segregating public schools How great an impact did judicial rulings such as Plessy and Brown have? How much did such Court decisions influence the larger world of race relations? In From Jim Crow to Civil Rights, Michael J. Klarman examines the social and political impact of the Supreme Court’s decisions involving race relations from Plessy, the Progressive Era, and the Interwar Period to World Wars I and II, Brown and the Civil Rights Movement. He explores the wide variety of consequences that Brown may have had--raising the salience of race issues, educating opinion, mobilizing supporters, energizing opponents of racial change. He concludes that Brown was ultimately more important for mobilizing southern white opposition to racial change than for encouraging direct-action protest. The decision created concrete occasions for violent confrontation--court ordered school desegregation and radicalized southern politics, leading to the election of politicians who calculated that violent suppression of civil rights demonstrations would win votes. It was such violence—vividly captured on television—that ultimately transformed northern opinion on race, leading to the enactment of landmark civil rights legislation in the mid 1960s. A fascinating investigation of the Supreme Court’s rulings on race, From Jim Crow to Civil Rights, spells out in exhaustive detail the political and social context against which the Supreme Court Justices operate and the consequences of those decisions on the civil rights movement and beyond.
The Alcoholic Empire
Authors: Herlihy Patricia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Alcoholic Empire examines the prevalence of alcohol in Russian social, economic, religious, and political life. Herlihy looks at how the state, the church, the military, doctors, lay societies, and the czar all tried to battle the problem of overconsumption of alcohol in the late imperial period. Since vodka produced essential government revenue and was a backbone of the state economy, many who fought for a sober Russia believed that the only way to save the country through Revolutionary change. This book traces temperance activity and politics side by side with the end of the tsarist regime, while showing how the problem of alcohoism continued to pervade Soviet and post-Soviet society. Illustrated by timeless and incisive sayings about the Russian love of vodka and by poster art and paintings, this book will appeal to Russian and European historians and those interested in temperance history.
The Politicization of Islam
Authors: Karpat Kemal H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Combining international and internal perspectives, this book analyses the transformation of the Ottoman Empire over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It views privatization of state lands and the increase of domestic and foreign trade as key factors in the rise of a Muslim middle class, which, increasingly aware of its economic interests and communal roots, then attempted to reshape the government to reflect its ideals. These ideals straddled modernist-Islamic and traditionalist cultural outlooks, and the religious and cultural differences between the Muslim and non-Muslim middle classes turned into class differences and ended in separatism. The book attaches special importance to a variety of Muslim revivalist-fundamentalist movements which were contained by the Ottoman government’s own Islamist ideology and whose ideas, most notably the Nukshbandis supplied the ingredients for a new title of nationalist-religious ideology, mainly for the agrarian segment of the middle classes. The book analyses in great detail the British, French, and Russian policies in the Middle East, North Africa, and the Balkans, and how these relations in turn affected the Ottoman government’s and society’s ideological outlook, including the rise of Islamism and Panislamism. The reign of Sultan Abdulhamid II is studied for the first time in full detail, as a period of intense modernization in education, developments in transportation and communication, cultural-religious adaptation to the changed social structure, and increased cultural, economic, and diplomatic interaction with the West. Based on a wealth of original archival documents, records, memoirs, and published sources, the book is likely to become an indispensable reference for students of Islam, modern Turkey, and the Middle East, as well as for students of modernism and of encounters between civilizations.
The Last Indian War
Authors: West Elliott 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Battle of the Little Big Horn, also known as 'Custer's Last Stand,' is one of the iconic events in American history. Though it was a shocking defeat for Federal troops at the hands of Lakota Indians, it stimulated a renewed effort to conquer tribal resistance, leading to the the defeat of Lakota Chiefs Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse in 1876 and of Chief Joseph's Nez Percé in 1877. In this book for the Pivotal Moments in American History series, Elliott West will place the Little Big Horn and other dramatic events of the Indian Wars in a new context. Instead of looking at the Indian campaigns simply as part of westward expansion, West sees them as part of the national story of Reconstruction. After the Civil War, the federal government expanded the definition of citizenship to include former slaves, via the 13th and 14th amendments. This expanded conception of citizenship would also be extended to Indians as the Indians transitioned from armed resistance to working within the framework of the Constitution. Viewed from this pan-national perspective, the ambitions of Reconstruction become much more ambiguous, with idealism, liberation and expanded opportunities mixed with coercion, suppression and narrowing tolerance. The Last Indian War, like other works in the Pivotal Moments series, will embed its interpretations in a readable and compelling narrative. West's gripping story brings to life many characters from both sides of the conflict, from early Yellowstone tourists caught up in the events, to Chief Joesph, who played a key role in the fighting and its aftermath. After his military defeat, Chief Joesph went on to become one of the most eloquent spokemen for the rule of law, contitutional rights, and a larger idea of liberty and freedom in American history. The book will appeal to readers interested in Western history, but it should also have a strong market among students and historians for its distinctive new angle on the history of both the frontier and Reconstruction.
Bone
Authors: Lane Nancy E , Wallace Daniel J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The human skeleton consists of 212 bones and 100 joints in a continuous living dynamic. Joints are surrounded by bone and cartilage. Bone and cartilage communicate with each other and both change as osteoarthritis develops and progresses. Therefore, an understanding of bone is critical to understanding osteoarthritis. There are two major types of bone in the body. Cortical bone forms the outer envelope of bone around the marrow cavity and makes up 80% of the bone in the body. The other major type is trabecular (cancellous) bone, which is spread throughout the bone marrow. It is made up of many small thin trabecular lattices and within these lattices is bone marrow.
The Many Faces of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Lane Nancy E , Wallace Daniel J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Although most people view osteoarthritis as simply “arthritis;’ in reality there are many different types of this misunderstood disorder. As noted in chapter 1, 85-90% of osteoarthritis is known as “generalized” or “primary.” In chapters 11-13, we cover specific forms of generalized, primary osteoarthritis, which have unique or special characteristics when they appear in certain parts of the body. Examples of this adaptation to differing anatomic regions include Hebreden’s nodes in the small joints of the hand, chondromalacia patellae in the kneecap, spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal) or herniated discs in the back, and inflammatory or erosive osteoarthritis in the hand. Occasionally, classic osteoarthritis can be accelerated as a consequence of overuse syndromes and “wear and tear;’ as in a baseball pitcher’s shoulder or a basketball player’s knee. Trauma clearly brings on primary-appearing osteoarthritis to the area of injury or overuse earlier than it would appear otherwise. Broken bones during childhood often lead to osteoarthritic joints in later years.
You Can Conquer Osteoarthritis
Authors: Lane Nancy E , Wallace Daniel J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
You’ve been diagnosed with osteoarthritis. It’s clear that it is a chronic condition that won’t simply go away. You know that going to the doctor is important, taking medicine may be advisable, and even surgery might be required. However, there is more you can do to deal with osteoarthritis. The good news is that there are many approaches which enable patients to help themselves. It’s possible to improve arthritis pain, function, and performance without ever going to the doctor. In the next three chapters, some self-help approaches and physical measures will be reviewed. Why Is Osteoarthritis So Special? Osteoarthritis differs from many other disorders. In most patients with the disease, it is present for a third of a lifetime, and pain is its principal bothersome feature. All too often, when the new osteoarthritis sufferer sees a doctor, they are told to learn to live with it. Unfortunately, they are rarely told how to do this. After all, osteoarthritis is disruptive.
Ontogeny of the Cardiac Nervous System
Authors: Gootman Phyllis M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the major findings from research on maturation of extrinsic and intrinsic neurons regulating the heart. It includes some speculations on the relevance of this research to clinical issues such as prematurity, heart failure associated with congenital heart disease, and the etiology of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The topics chosen for discussion represent highlights in the field of neurocardiology. Thus, the references cited are selective rather than exhaustive. While there are numerous review articles on cardiac development, few are devoted to the ontogeny of the cardiac neuronal hierarchy.
Caffeine
Authors: Goldstein Avram 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It is 7 p.m. Twenty Stanford medical student volunteers are sitting around a conference table, pencil and paper at the ready, intent on a large movie screen on the wall. The film rolls. The screen is blank. Suddenly, in the upper left corner, the number 15662 flashes for a fraction of a second, and the screen goes blank again. The students try to write down all five digits of the number. Unpredictably, a few seconds later, the number 70597 flashes—this time at the center bottom of the screen. After 50 random numbers have been flashed in this way, at random intervals and random positions on the screen, the room lights go up. The subjects have abstained from coffee since breakfast. Now everyone drinks a coded sample of instant coffee, which may or may not contain caffeine. Later, the group gathers around the table again for another test with 50 new numbers. The same subjects go through this procedure on nine nights, each subject receiving sometimes caffeine and sometimes placebo.
Attributing Old Master Drawings
Authors: Annesley Noël 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The attribution of Old Master drawings is approached from the standpoint of a seasoned cataloguer working in an auction house whose responsibilities include the accurate description of works of art submitted by a third party for evaluation, together with an assessment of their likely range of value if offered at public sale. While I am frequently called upon to express opinions on, and sometimes to prepare catalogue entries for, categories such as Old Master and British pictures, British watercolors and drawings up to the beginning of the twentieth century, and original prints by old and modern masters, it may be more illuminating to concentrate on the process I follow with Old Master drawings of all schools, my first love and my main area of expertise.
Zygomycoses
Authors: Ibrahim Ashraf S , Edwards John E , Filler Scott G 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Zygomycosis is a group of fungal infections caused by a variety of mould organisms belonging to the class Zygomycetes. This class is further classified into two orders, Mucorales and Entomophthorales. Fungi belonging to the order Mucorales are distributed into six families all of which can cause cutaneous and deep infections in immunocompromised patients (Ribes et al, 2000) (Fig. 15–1). In contrast, the order Entomophthorales contains two families of organisms that cause subcutaneous and mucocutaneous infections primarily in immunocompetent children (Richardson and Shankland, 1999; Sugar, 2000) (Fig. 15–1). For years, infections caused by the Zygomycetes class of fungi were described in the literature under the names phycomycosis or zygomycosis. The term phycomycosis is no longer used because the class Phycomycetes no longer exists. The use of the term zygomycosis is taxonomically correct to describe infections caused by organisms belonging to the order Mucorales or Entomophthorales. However, infections caused by organisms of the order Mucorales differ both clinically and pathologically from infections caused by organisms of the order Entomophthorales. Therefore, zygomycosis is too imprecise and vague to convey useful information to the clinician. We propose to use the term mucormycosis for infections caused by organisms belonging to the order Mucorales and entomophtho-ramycosis for infections caused by organisms of the order Entomophthorales. We discuss each of these types of infections separately. A variety of organisms has been implicated in mucormycosis. However, organisms belonging to the family Mucoraceae are isolated more frequently from patients with mucormycosis patients than any other family. Rhizopus oryzae (Rhizopus arrhizus) is the most common cause of infection followed by Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis (Richardson and Shankland, 1999; Ribes et al, 2000). Other, less frequently isolated species of the Mucoraceae family that cause a similar spectrum of infections include Absidia corymbifera, Apophysomyces elegans, Mucor species, and Rhizomucor pusillus (Kwon-Chung and Bennett, 1992; Ribes et al, 2000). Other organisms such as Cunninghamella bertholletiae (in Cunninghamellaceae family) have been increasingly isolated from patients with pulmonary and disseminated mucormycosis (Kwon-Chung et al, 1975; Ventura et al, 1986; Cohen-Abbo et al, 1993; Kontoyianis et al, 1994). Additionally, Saksenaea vasiformis (in Saksenaceae family) has been reported as a cause of cutaneous (Bearer et al, 1994), subcutaneous (Pritchard et al, 1986; Lye et al, 1996), rhinocerebral (Gonis and Starr, 1997), and disseminated infections (Torell et al, 1981; Hay et al, 1983). Rare cases of mucormycosis have been reported due to Cokeromyces recurvatus (Kemna et al, 1994) (in Thamnidiaceae family), Mortierella species (Ribes et al, 2000) (in Mortierellaceae family) and Syncephalastrum species (Kamalam and Thambiah, 1980) (in Syncephalastraceae family).
Types of Practical Reasoning
Authors: Richardson Henry S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Returning to the issue of “making transportation systems accessible “ to the disabled-how should that be done? As policy problems go, this one is relatively small in scale. It presupposes that we have decided, in some more general way, that the disabled deserve special governmental measures designed to benefit them. In a scheme of statutory provisions that aim to do so, those that regulate access to transportation play but a small part. Such statutes generally also define “disability, “ indicate who is authorized to determine whether someone is disabled, set out remedies against discrimination, lay down requirements on employers and schools, and much more. The question of how to make transportation systems accessible to the disabled arises against this sort of backdrop. It has arisen in many different jurisdictions of all different sizes. In the 1980s, the city of Munich worked out an innovative timetable information system for its public transport with an eye to advising the disabled how to minimize awkward transfers.1 In 1992, Canada mandated that its national transportation system be made accessible to the disabled.2 The Swedish government, which early mandated uniform accessibility standards for common carriers, was apparently one of the first governments to be concerned with how easily the disabled could switch from one mode of transport to another on a long-distance journey.3 The European Union, for its part, has developed hortatory guidelines aimed at promoting “flexibility “ and “seamlessness “ in the travel of the disabled.4 As a relatively small-scale policy question, this one about making transportation systems accessible to the disabled is the sort of issue that is typically handed over to administrators. As a question that is now beginning to be addressed all over the world, it is not one of merely parochial interest. Drawing on an insightful case study by Robert A. Katzmann, I will use the issue to illustrate the importantly different modes of reasoning available to us as we make such policy.5