bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weaknesses of Community Law and Legalization of Norms in the Central American Integration System
Authors: Santana-Paisano Diana , Santos-Carrillo Francisco , Caldentey del Pozo Pedro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper examines Central American community law, legal production, and the levels of legalization in the Central American Integration System (sica) from an interdisciplinary perspective. While exemplifying regional integration through community law and common rule production, sica´s progress in modest after thirty years, raising doubt about achieving its objectives. Findings reveal the influential role of intergovernmental design and anomalies in the norms production, leading to medium-low levels of legalization that hinder quality and effectiveness. This scenario erodes Community Law, rendering sica ineffective in advancing its constitutive agreements goals. This paper underscores the value of interdisciplinary analysis in understanding the intricate link between legal and political factors in international organization. It advocates prioritizing complementarity between law and politics, emphasizing the need for institutions with legal and political capacity to produce derived norms. This conceptual shift could drive reforms, enhancing legalization levels, and fostering a more effective regional institutionality to prevent delegitimization.
تحوّلات الرواية العربيّة
Authors: الموسوي محسن جاسم 
Published: January 2024

المستخلص
‫تومئ مقالة إدوار الخرّاط بعنوان ”الحساسيّة الجديدة“ ولعدّة أسباب إلى انتقالة بعيدة عن الملحمة البورجوازيّة التي أتقنها نجيب محفوظ بصفته ”مؤسّسة“ تتبنّاها شريحة واسعة جدًّا من القرّاء وتدعو إليها. إنّ التاريخ الطويل نسبيًّا للرواية العربيّة، منذ تكييفات منتصف القرن التاسع عشر لترجمات المسرحيّات والروايات من الفرنسيّة والإنكليزيّة، قد أفضى إلى رومانسيّة الشجون التي بقيت واضحة لمدّة ليست قصيرة في السرديّات القصيرة والطويلة، قبيل اللقاء بالرواية الروسيّة. ثمّ توالدت الرواية الواقعيّة الاجتماعيّة والواقعيّة النقديّة التي ميّزت جيلًا من الروائيّين في مصر وسوريا والعراق ولبنان. أمّا المواجهة مع القوى المستعمرة لا سيّما في الجزائر والمغرب فقد جاءت إلى مركز الاهتمام بالرواية السيريّة المعنيّة بنشأة الكاتب وكذلك بالسرديّات الفرانكوفونيّة. ثمّ ظهر جيل جديد من الروائيّين الذين خلطوا خطاب ما بعد الاستعمار بما بعد الحداثة. كان أفول البطل والبطولة محتّمًا في الرواية، وبدلًا من الاستمراريّة المنطقيّة وتسلسلها السرديّ حلّت أساليب مختلفة منها ما وراء الرواية (رواية النصّ)، وتيّار الوعي، والذاكرة المرتدّة، والثرثرة، والحواريّة، والسخرية الهازلة، والمفارقة. وكان أن قدم التصوّف إلى صدارة ما، ولم تعد المدينة مركز السرد. وحلّت نظرة فاحصة عميقة وانتباهة للطبيعة والبوادي، ونبّهت الروايات إلى جشع القوى المحلّيّة والأجنبيّة والهجمة على معطيات الحياة في الريف والبادية. وتحت وطأة الحروب المندلعة في المنطقة وتجربة السجن، تحوّلت الشخصيّات عند الروائيّين والروائيّات إلى صحفيّين ومراسلين وكتّاب غفل ومتدرّبين. وجرى استرجاع مفارق ساخر للسرد التتابعيّ مرقّعًا بتجريبيّة ما بعد حداثيّة ليختزل المسيرة الطويلة للرواية العربيّة.‬
ثيمة الزواج في التراث العذريّ
Authors: الحارثي جوخة 
Published: January 2024

المستخلص
‫تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى سبر ثيمة الزواج في التراث العذريّ، على المستويين السرديّ والشعريّ، وذلك بتحليل نصوص المدوّنة العذريّة، متمثّلةً في أهمّ شعرائها: المجنون (ت ‫68‬/688) وجميل بثينة (ت ‫82‬/701) وقيس لبنى (ت ‫68‬/688) وعروة بن حزام (ت ‫30‬/650). تتنازع موضوعة الزواج تحوّلات كبرى في المدوّنة العذريّة تميّزها عمّا سبقها من مدوّنات غزليّة؛ إذ نلاحظ في قصص العذريّين مقاومةً لفكرة الزواج على المستوى السرديّ، واصطناعًا للعوائق ومنعًا لتحقيقه. هذا على الرغم من تعبير شعر العذريّين الصريح عن الرغبة وتمنّي جمع الشمل، وعلى الرغم من مشاهد ”السعي للتزويج“ في قصصهم، ولكن حتّى إذا ما تحقّق الزواج فلن تعدم الروايات بُنًى حَدَثيّة جديدة تُفْصَم بها عُرى العلاقة الزوجيّة بين الحبيبين. وتحلّل هذه الدراسة كيف تنبني هذه القصص على التوتّر المستمرّ بين العلاقتين الزوجيّة والغراميّة، وعلى تصوّر خاصّ لمنظومة الزواج. ومن ثمّ يقدّم الشعر العذريّ مُتعاضِدًا مع السرد المصاحب له صورةً للزوج غير مألوفة في التراث العربيّ، ممّا يدخل في باب التحوّلات التي مرّ بها التراث الأدبيّ في ذلك العصر. فهل لهذا كلّه علاقة بإعلاء الشعر وضمان تدفّقه؟ تخلص هذه الدراسة إلى أنّ التلقّي المـُعجَب للشعر يرفع مكانةَ الشاعر في قصّة عشقه، ويُذكي لعبةَ الوصل والهجر حتّى يتّقد الشعرُ وتستمرّ الحكاية. وهذا يفسّر لنا لم لا يتضمّن التراث العذريّ أيَّ أثر لإنجاب الأطفال؛ إذ الذرّيّة الممكنة الوحيدة للعاشق العذريّ هي الشعر. إنّه نتاجٌ لغويّ وليس بيولوجيًّا.‬
تحوّلات السرد العربيّ من الأندلس إلى إسبانيا المسيحيّة: إشكالات الترجمة والتلقّي (المقامة أنموذجًا)
Authors: بوكيل أمينة 
Published: January 2024

المستخلص
‫اتّسعت الأندلس لتكون فضاءً ضمّ الثقافات المختلفة وعرف حركيّة ثقافيّة فتحت أبواب التأثّر والتأثير، وغدت بوّابةً انتقلت عن طريقها العديد من المعارف والعلوم. كما انطلقت منها أجناسٌ أدبيّة عربيّة وتحوّلت في آداب أخرى، منها الأدب العبريّ والأدب القشتاليّ (الإسبانيّ)، رغم تباين الأنساق الثقافيّة. وكان ذلك عن طريق الترجمة أو تحوُّل المؤثّرات الأدبيّة – سواءٌ كانت موضوعاتيّة أم شكليّة – واندماجها في النصّ الجديد مع عناصر أخرى محلّيّة. نسعى في هذا المقال إلى تتبُّع مسار السرد العربيّ باتّخاذ المقامة أنموذجًا، فننظر في انتقال السرد العربيّ إلى كلٍّ من الأدب العبريّ والأدب الإسبانيّ في إسبانيا المسيحيّة، ونتساءل عن كيفيّة تلقّي الآخر للسرد العربيّ لا سيّما في سياق تاريخيّ عرف صراعًا بين الأندلس وإسبانيا المسيحيّة. كما نعالج التحوّلات والتحويرات التي طرأت على النصّ الجديد، فنحلّل ترجمة المقامات إلى اللغة العبريّة عن طريق دراسة آليّات هذه الترجمة وكيفيّة تعامل المترجمين اليهود مع نصّ الآخر، ثمّ نقف عند تحوُّل موضوع الكدية من المقامة العربيّة إلى السرد الإسبانيّ الوسيط عن طريق تحليل هذا التحوّل في نصّ لاثاريو دي تورمس (Lazarillo de Tormes) ومقارنته بالمقامة.‬
‫”سندباد من؟“: التعريب وتحوّلات ألف ليلة وليلة ونشوء أدب اﻷطفال العربيّ الحديث (مشروع كامل كيلاني 1927–1959)‬
Authors: أبو هريرة خالد 
Published: January 2024

المستخلص
‫في قصصه للأطفال التي استلهمت حكايات ألف ليلة وليلة، عمد الأديب المصريّ كامل كيلاني (1897–1959) – رائد أدب الأطفال العربيّ الحديث – إلى تعريب النسخ الأوروبّيّة للأطفال من ألف ليلة بدلًا من استخدام الأصول العربيّة المكتوبة بلغته الأمّ. يبحث هذا المقال في خطوة كيلاني بوصفها دليلًا على العلاقة المعقّدة التي جمعت الأدب العربيّ الحديث بنظيره قبل الحديث. وعن طريق دراسة السياق التاريخيّ لمشروع كيلاني، والذي شهد تحوّلات رئيسة في طرائق فهم اللغة والتراث والفنّ القصصيّ، يفسّر المقال عودته إلى النسخ الأوروبّيّة من ألف ليلة برغبة من جانبه في استنساخ الأغراض البيداغوجيّة والأخلاقيّة لهذه النسخ. وتتلخّص بنشر العقلانيّة والتفكير النقديّ والفضول المعرفيّ داخل محيط الطفل العربيّ لتأسيس ثقافة عقلانيّة عربيّة في مواجهة دعوات التغريب الشامل التي ذاعت في مصر والعالم العربيّ في النصف الأوّل من القرن العشرين. ويتّخذ المقال من حكاية ”السندباد البحريّ“ التي نشرها كيلاني للمرّة الأولى في العام 1928 نموذجًا تطبيقيًّا لمشروعه الذي يُعَدّ أوّل محاكاة عربيّة منظّمة لأدب الأطفال الغربيّ.‬
Effects of Ball Size and Weight on Throwing Kinematics and Kinetics in Youth Baseball Athletes
Authors: Moore Miles S. , Bullock Garrett S. , Arnold Charles J. , Hosmer Natalie A. , Nicholson Kristen F. 
Published: January 2024

Background: In baseball, youth athletes play on smaller fields with shorter distances between bases, shorter pitching distances, and smaller mounds. Despite this, youth athletes use baseballs weighing the same amount as those used at the professional level, possibly predisposing youth baseball players to injuries. Purpose: (1) To determine the effects of throwing a smaller, lighter, and both smaller and lighter baseball on throwing arm stress in youth athletes and (2) to also investigate how changing the ball size and weight would affect elbow varus torque, shoulder distraction force, and throwing arm internal rotation velocity during the throwing motion. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This cross-sectional cohort study analyzed the kinematics and kinetics of 38 youth baseball players (mean age, 8.3 ± 0.8 years) throwing a baseball modified in size and weight. Three-dimensional motion data were collected using a retroreflective marker set and a 12-camera motion analysis system. Full-body kinematics and kinetics were calculated using commercial software. Participants threw 5 different types of baseballs 3 times each, in random order, with full effort from a pitching mound to a target 14 m away. The balls used were a 5-oz regular baseball, 5-oz (0.142-kg) baseball with a 5% reduced circumference, 4-oz (0.113-kg) baseball, 4-oz baseball with a 5% reduced circumference, and 3-oz (0.085-kg) baseball. Analysis of variance was used to determine statistical differences in elbow varus torque, shoulder distraction force, and throwing arm internal rotation velocity among baseball types. The Tukey post hoc test was used to further investigate differences between the ball groups, considering P < .05 to be significant. Results: Analysis of variance detected a significant difference in elbow varus torque among ball groups ( P = .024). The Tukey post hoc test revealed a moderate difference in elbow varus torque between the 5-oz baseball (4.73 ± 1.06 percentage body weight × height [%BW × H]) and 3-oz baseball (4.06 ± 0.83 %BW × H) ( P = .017; d = 0.677 [95% CI, 0.08-1.27]). No significant differences were found in shoulder distraction force or throwing arm internal rotation velocity among ball groups. Conclusion: Compared with a 5-oz baseball, throwing a 3-oz baseball resulted in decreased elbow varus torque with a moderate effect size.
Mindfulness-based Interventions Across the Cancer Continuum in the United States: A Scoping Review
Authors: Emerson Brent , Reddy Menaka , Reiter Paul L. , Shoben Abigail B. , Klatt Maryanna , Chakraborty Subhankar , Katz Mira L. 
Published: January 2024

Objective To review mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) tested in randomized controlled trials (RCT) across the cancer continuum. Data Source Articles identified in PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Embase. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Two independent reviewers screened articles for: (1) topic relevance; (2) RCT study design; (3) mindfulness activity; (4) text availability; (5) country (United States); and (6) mindfulness as the primary intervention component. Data Extraction Twenty-eight RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Data was extracted on the following variables: publication year, population, study arms, cancer site, stage of cancer continuum, participant demographic characteristics, mindfulness definition, mindfulness measures, mindfulness delivery, and behavioral theory. Data Synthesis We used descriptive statistics and preliminary content analysis to characterize the data and identify emerging themes. Results A definition of mindfulness was reported in 46% of studies and 43% measured mindfulness. Almost all MBIs were tested in survivorship (50%) or treatment (46%) stages of the cancer continuum. Breast cancer was the focus of 73% of cancer-site specific studies, and most participants were non-Hispanic white females. Conclusion The scoping review identified 5 themes: (1) inconsistency in defining mindfulness; (2) differences in measuring mindfulness; (3) underrepresentation of racial/ethnic minorities; (4) underrepresentation of males and cancer sites other than breast; and (5) the lack of behavioral theory in the design, implementation, and evaluation of the MBI.
A survey of ethical sensitivity among nursing students and its influencing factors
Authors: Hu Juan , Chen Xi , Khoshnood Kaveh , Luo Esther , Muramatsu Taeko , Yang Min 
Published: January 2024

Background Nurses frequently experience ethical issues in their area of practice. In the challenging reality of today’s healthcare environment, nursing students need to be prepared to deal with ethical issues in their future roles. Nevertheless, Chinese nursing students’ ethical sensitivity status and the factors influencing it have not been described. Objective This study aims to explore the level of ethical sensitivity and its influencing factors among Chinese nursing students. Research design This was a cross-sectional study. We firstly cross-culturally adapted the Japanese version of the Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire for Nursing Students (ESQ-NS) into a Chinese version. Then, we administered the Chinese version of ESQ-NS, the Caring Ability Inventory (CAI), and general information questionnaire to nursing undergraduates. Participants and research context The invitations were sent to 600 nursing undergraduates from four universities in Hunan, China. Ethical considerations The study was supported by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the lead university. The Approval No. was E202092. Results A total of 489 undergraduate nursing students participated in the study. The mean score for ethical sensitivity of the samples was 36.34 ± 4.90, and 187.99 ± 22.64 for their humanistic care ability. Pearson’s correlation coefficient test indicated a meaningful and positive relationship between the ethical sensitivity and humanistic care ability (r = 0.576 and p < .01). And regression analysis showed that age, school year, experience in studying nursing ethics, how much you like nursing major, and humanistic care ability were of relevance to nursing students' ethical sensitivity. Discussion Our findings suggest that the mean ethical sensitivity score of Chinese nursing students is 36.34 (13–52). The humanistic caring ability of Chinese nursing students is still at a low level. Conclusion Future interventions for improving the ethical sensitivity of the nursing students should consider general information of participants and their humanistic care ability.
Chemotherapeutic metabolism presenting as a recalcitrant case of hand–foot syndrome and mucositis
Authors: Kwan Kevin R , Skokan Shayna , Blesh-Boren Tara , Vogel Jenilee , Harter Nicole , Ford James B 
Published: January 2024

Introduction Mercaptopurine (6MP) and methotrexate (MTX) are commonly used for maintenance chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). These medications have been associated with various side effects such as myelosuppression, colitis, and thyroiditis in addition to numerous cutaneous adverse events. Cutaneous side-effects most reported include mucositis, alopecia, xerosis, and pruritus. We report an interesting case of hand–foot syndrome to 6MP in a child on maintenance therapy for B-cell ALL from an alteration in medication metabolism. Case We report a 10-year-old male on maintenance chemotherapy for pre-Bcell ALL who presented to the hospital with worsening oral lesions and erythematous, fissured plaques on the palms and soles. Maintenance therapy consisted of IV vincristine and 5-day pulse of steroids every 12 weeks, daily 6MP, and weekly MTX, which were increased to  ≥ 150% of standard dosing due to persistent absolute neutrophil counts  > 1500. Metabolites obtained on admission demonstrated elevated 6MMP metabolites at 35,761 (normal < 5700). TPMT and NUDT15 enzyme activity were normal and no alterations in genotyping were discovered. Outcome Patient's oral chemotherapy, including both 6MP and MTX, were stopped and allopurinol 100 mg daily was initiated, which lead to overall improvement. Discussion Clinical findings of acute mucositis and worsening of hand–foot syndrome, in the setting of inadequate myelosuppression in a child on maintenance therapy for ALL should raise concerns to consider altered metabolism pathway leading to toxic metabolite buildup. Allopurinol can play in improving cutaneous manifestation and chemotherapeutic dosing in patients with altered metabolism.
Supervising Undergraduate Nursing Students on Their Bachelor's Thesis. A Qualitative Study
Authors: Karlsholm Guro , André Beate , Grønning Kjersti 
Published: January 2024

Introduction The bachelor's thesis (BT) in undergraduate education is often an autonomous and individual assignment. It aims to demonstrate knowledge gained through education, to be an assessment tool, and to give new learning outcomes through working on the thesis. The process of working with the BT most often includes individual supervision. There is an absence of support for teachers supervising undergraduate nursing theses, which includes a lack of national or institutional guidelines, role definitions and research material. Objective Given the lack of helpful guidelines, this study aims to explore what the teachers emphasize as important regarding their supervision of nursing students writing their BT. Methods The study has a qualitative approach, featuring individual semi-structured interviews with nursing teachers supervising nursing students on the BT. Reflexive thematic analysis is used as the method of analysis. Results The analyses resulted in two generated themes, each with two subthemes, describing the patterns the teachers emphasize as important aspects of their supervision of nursing students writing their BT. The themes were “The pedagogical approach to the supervision” and “The advantages of the bachelor's thesis to the nursing profession.” Conclusions The teachers balanced different roles in the supervision of the students. They wanted the students to grow through challenging them, grounded in a relationship of trust and confidence. They were role models for how to be critical thinkers and incorporated critical thinking as a pedagogical implement in supervision, wanting to raise the students to become nurses who think critically. The teachers sought to combine clinical relevance with academic literacy to secure a new generation of nurses able to be a part of the future development of the profession. They wanted to equip the students with knowledge, skills, and confidence to speak up and communicate nursing. Last, the teachers combined their clinical and academic identities in the supervision of the BT.
Non-pharmacological interventions feasible in the nursing scope of practice for pain relief in palliative care patients: a systematic review
Authors: van Veen Suzan , Drenth Hans , Hobbelen Hans , Finnema Evelyn , Teunissen Saskia , de Graaf Everlien 
Published: January 2024

Background: Palliative care patients desire more symptom management interventions that are complementary to their medical treatment. Within the multi-professional team, nurses could help support pain management with non-pharmacological interventions feasible for their practice and adaptable to palliative care patients’ needs. Objectives: The objective was to identify non-pharmacological interventions feasible in the nursing scope of practice affecting pain in palliative care patients. Design: A systematic review. Data sources and methods: A defined search strategy was used in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Embase. Search results were screened double-blinded. Methodological quality was double-appraised with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. Data were extracted from selected studies and the findings were summarized. The methodological quality, quantity of studies evaluating the same intervention, and consistency in the findings were synthesized in a best-evidence synthesis to rank evidence as strong, moderate, limited, mixed, or insufficient. Results: Out of 2385 articles, 22 studies highlighted non-pharmacological interventions in the nursing scope of practice. Interventions using massage therapy and virtual reality demonstrated most evidentiary support for pain management, while art therapy lacked sufficient evidence. Mindful breathing intervention showed no significant reduction in pain. Hypnosis, progressive muscle-relaxation-interactive-guided imagery, cognitive-behavioral audiotapes, wrapped warm footbath, reflexology, and music therapy exhibited promising results in pain reduction, whereas mindfulness-based stress reduction program, aromatherapy, and aroma-massage therapy did not. Conclusion: Despite not all studies reaching significant changes in pain scores, non-pharmacological interventions can be clinically relevant to palliative care patients. Its use should be discussed for its potential value and nurses to be trained for safe practice. Methodologically rigorous research for non-pharmacological interventions in nursing scope of practice for pain relief in palliative care patients is necessary. Trial registration: The protocol for this study is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020196781).
The effect of data balancing approaches on the prediction of metabolic syndrome using non-invasive parameters based on random forest
Authors: Mohseni-Takalloo Sahar , Mohseni Hadis , Mozaffari-Khosravi Hassan , Mirzaei Masoud , Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities (including obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia), which can be used to identify at-risk populations for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The achievement of a simple approach for diagnosing MetS without needing biochemical tests is so valuable. The present study aimed to predict MetS using non-invasive features based on a successful random forest learning algorithm. Also, to deal with the problem of data imbalance that naturally exists in this type of data, the effect of two different data balancing approaches, including the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) and Random Splitting data balancing (SplitBal), on model performance is investigated.

Results
The most important determinant for MetS prediction was waist circumference. Applying a random forest learning algorithm to imbalanced data, the trained models reach 86.9% and 79.4% accuracies and 37.1% and 38.2% sensitivities in men and women, respectively. However, by applying the SplitBal data balancing technique, the best results were obtained, and despite that the accuracy of the trained models decreased by 7.8% and 11.3%, but their sensitivity improved significantly to 82.3% and 73.7% in men and women, respectively.

Conclusions
The random forest learning method, along with data balancing techniques, especially SplitBal, could create MetS prediction models with promising results that can be applied as a useful prognostic tool in health screening programs.