bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Problem-Solving Skills Training: Sample Module from the Coping Power Program
Authors: Powell Nicole , Boxmeyer Caroline L , Lochman John E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Coping Power Program (Lochman, Wells, & Lenhart, in press; Wells, Lochman, & Lenhart, in press) is an indicated preventive intervention designed to address malleable risk factors for aggression, delinquency, and substance abuse in at-risk children prior to the middle school transition. Manualized child and parent group components feature intervention activities that target distal and proximal risk factors for children’s aggressive behavior. This chapter will describe the contextual social-cognitive model of risk for aggression on which the Coping Power Program is based, provide an overview of the program and its empirical support, and present manualized sessionby-session content on social problem solving from the child component module.
TALK: Teens and Adults Learning to Communicate
Authors: Lester Patricia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are more than one million people living with HIV/AIDS in the United States, many of whom are living longer with the aid of antiretrovirals and medical treatment (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2006). The transition of HIV/AIDS from an illness that primarily affects men who have sex with men (MSM) and intravenous drug users (IDU) to a chronic illness that disproportionately affects ethnic minority communities suggests a shift in our preventive intervention paradigm.
A Cognitive Therapy Intervention for Adolescent Suicide Attempters: An Empirically-Informed Treatment
Authors: Berk Michele S , Brown Gregory K , Wenzel Amy , Henriques Gregg R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Adolescent suicidal behavior is a significant public health problem in the United States. Suicide is the third leading cause of death in the United States for youth aged 10–19 (Hamilton, Miniño, Martin, Kochanek, Strobino, et al., 2007), and approximately one-third of youth who die by suicide have made previous suicide attempts (United States Public Health Service, 1999). A history of previous suicide attempts is one of the strongest predictors of future suicide attempts and suicide deaths among teens (Lewinsohn, Rohde, & Seely, 1993; Shaffer, Garland, Gould, Fisher, & Trautman, 1988). Identifying and targeting groups at high risk for suicide is a key suicide prevention strategy, as outlined in the National Strategy for Suicide Prevention (United States Department of Health and Human Services, 2001). Adolescent suicide attempters constitute a high risk population in need of intensive suicide prevention efforts.
The Home Chip System: A Token Economy for Use in the Natural Home
Authors: Christophersen Edward R , VanScoyoc Susan Mortweet 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The concept of a token economy was first introduced into the literature by Ayllon and Azrin (1968), first in research publications and then in their book, The Token Economy. Over the years, token economies have been reported in a variety of adaptations including residential treatment facilities (The Teaching Family Model, Wolf, et al., 1995), schools (Ayllon, 1999), and natural homes (Christophersen, Hill, Arnold, & Quilitch, 1972; Barkley, 1990).
Part III: Chapters 1–12
Authors: Chatterji Bankimcandra , Lipner Julius J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“In reply, the officials of the region”: instead of this phrase, the first three editions have, “Then the king of Nagar took note of the situation (and . . . )”, Nagar being the capital of Birbhum District (A[BSP] : 134). “depart, calling out to Hari”: the first three editions add after this: “King Asad-ul-jaman was now in a big quandary. He despatched many cannons with ammunition, elephants and horses, but nothing could stop the santan s’ cry of ‘Conquer, O Hari, Lord of the world!’ Asad-ul-jaman realised that the end of his reign was nigh, so in distress he wrote to the English saying that it had become quite impossible for him to collect revenue or to send it on. Only under their protection, he said, would he be able to collect taxes, otherwise they were welcome to come themselves and collect them. The English had already been collecting some taxes themselves, but now even their own efforts began to be in vain” (ibid.).
How Do Risk Factors Work Together? Moderators, Mediators, and Other “Inter-actions”
Authors: Kraemer Helena Chmura , Lowe Karen Kraemer , Kupfer David J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When the only known risk factor for AIDS was homosexuality, the theory that the government was responsible was probably as plausible as any other explanation. The mysterious way in which AIDS suddenly began killing gay men understandably could have led to such suspicions. Now that researchers have identified the HIV virus and its modes of transmission, we have moved beyond suspicions and know how to prevent and delay the course of the disease. Ideally at some point in our lifetimes, we will witness the discovery of a vaccination or a cure.
Making the Best of Good Studies
Authors: Kraemer Helena Chmura , Lowe Karen Kraemer , Kupfer David J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Virtually all researchers are aware of—or should be aware of—the problems of assuming correlates identified in cross-sectional studies are risk factors, of estimating risk with retrospective sampling and retrospective reports, of drawing conclusions about causality from observational rather than experimental studies, and of focusing on statistical significance rather than assessing clinical significance. In none of these areas have we been anywhere close to the first people to point out serious issues. Even the relatively new developments we present—strict scientific terminology, using harm and benefit to assess clinical significance, methods to compare potency of risk factors, and sequential use of these methods to optimally use multiple risk factors— are all solidly based on earlier scientific work. Our approach differs in bringing all these issues together, in having a very low tolerance for conclusions likely to be erroneous and in trying to formulate a better strategy for future risk research.
Hope for the Future
Authors: Kraemer Helena Chmura , Lowe Karen Kraemer , Kupfer David J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From all we have said to this point, it should be clear there are no simple answers in medical risk research. At the very least, we need to agree on a common language and find some workable strategy on how to sort, digest, and analyze the massive amount of material generated on a daily basis about health, disease, and medical risk. Indeed, the level of confusion surrounding these health issues is dismaying, particularly given the massive investment we make, financial and otherwise, in biomedical research intended to improve our physical and mental health. Why are the designs of studies, the statistical tools to analyze the results, and the interpretation of the results not already sufficient to assure the accuracy of the conclusions? We have suggested that very few of the problems we have discussed, or the solutions we have proposed, are actually new and unknown to risk researchers. Nevertheless, researchers will still find it easier to continue to use and apply the easy but questionable techniques established by tradition than to adopt the new, unfamiliar, or more difficult ones required to get the right and the complete answers. As we look toward the future, how can we as individuals, physicians, policy makers, and researchers motivate change?
Sick Individuals and Sick Populations
Authors: Rose Geoffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In teaching epidemiology to medical students, I have often encouraged them to consider a question which I first heard enunciated by Roy Acheson: “Why did thispatient get thisdisease at thistime?” It is an excellent starting point because students and doc tors feel a natural concern for the problems of the individual. Indeed, the central ethos of medicine is seen as an acceptance of responsibility for sick individuals. It is an integral part of good doctoring to ask not only, “What is the diagnosis, and what is the treatment?” but also, “Why did this happen, and could it have been prevented?” Such thinking shapes the approach to nearly all clinical and laboratory research into the causes and mechanisms of illness. Hypertension research, for example, is almost wholly preoccupied with the characteristics which distinguish individuals at the hypertensive and normotensive ends of the blood pressure distribution. Research into diabetes looks for genetic, nutritional, and metabolic reasons to explain why some people get diabetes and others do not.
Surveillance and Privacy
Authors: Bayer Ronald , Fairchild Amy L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Surveillance has been critical for epidemiological and population-based research into patterns of morbidity and mortality for a wide variety of diseases and conditions. However, the prospect of measures such as long-term monitoring, contact tracing, and quarantine has provoked alarm and concern about the potential for the unwarranted use of surveillance data. Ethical issues are raised by public health surveillance regarding the extent to which name-based reporting violates trust and assumptions that are made about how medical information will be treated. For a brief period, there was discussion about whether emerging rules and regulations for human subjects research should apply to epidemiological studies, whether the principle of informed consent for the use of records was necessary, and if this requirement would render such inquiries virtually impossible. Yet that discussion had no impact on public health surveillance. Although epidemiological research has been the subject of ethical review, it is remarkable that public health surveillance has not been subject to similar oversight.
Genetic Research and Health Disparities
Authors: Sankar Pamela , Cho Mildred K , Condit Celeste M , Hunt Linda M , Koenig Barbara , Marshall Patricia , Lee, Sandra Soo-Jin , Spicer Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Disparities in health status have increased in the United States in the last 50 years despite remarkable advances in our ability to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease. The poor are the least likely to have benefited from progress in medicine, but economic status does not account completely for these disparities. Even when income and related variables are controlled for, the health status of racial and nonwhite ethnic minorities ranks lower than that of whites on numerous measures. The reasons for this pattern include unequal quality of health care, education, employment, housing, and nutrition. Despite numerous studies that demonstrate the overriding importance of racial discrimination and poverty as the major contributors to health disparities,several recent statements have suggested that genetic research holds considerable promise in the campaign against health disparities. Although genetics broadly influences nearly all aspects of health, extensive research suggests that its direct contribution to the current pattern of health disparities in the United States is secondary to social and environmental influences. Furthermore, overemphasis on genetics as a major explanatory factor in health disparities could lead researchers to miss factors that contribute to disparities more substantially and may also tend to reinforce racial stereotyping, which may contribute to disparities in the first place.
Judgment and Distrust : The Jurisprudence of Crime and the Decline of Judicial Governance
Authors: Simon Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The great political theorists of the first half of the twentieth century argued about whether legislative or executive power could best express the will of democratic mass publics (Schmitt 1996).Those of the last part of the century could not help but see courts, and the judicial actors within them, as a serious competitor for dominance—at least in the style of mass democracy for which the United States became the distinctive global model (Ely 1980; Habermas 1996).
The Architecture Of Altruism
Authors: Stoesz David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The truth is that when his mind was completely gone, he had the strangest thought of any lunatic in the world ever had, which was that it seemed reason able and necessary for him, both for the sake of his honor and as a service to the nation, to become a knight errant and travel the world with his armor and his horse to seek adventures and engage in everything he had read that knights errant engaged in, righting all manner of wrongs and, by seizing the opportunity and placing himself in danger and ending those wrongs, winning eternal and everlasting fame.
From Polite Protest To The First Sit-In
Authors: Cohen Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Berkeley student politics was a strange amalgam of freedom and repression in the early 1960s. The repression came from university administrators, who adhered to hoary regulations barring political advocacy on campus. Those regulations dated back to the West Coast Red scare of the 1930s, provoked by the San Francisco general strike. They were reinforced by the cold-war-era Red scare, and kept in place by university officials who thought that the best way to curb radicalism and avoid antagonizing powerful legislators (who controlled the university’s budget) was to keep the campus grounds politically neutral and closed to agitators. In 1964 UC’s president, Clark Kerr, was still enforcing what he termed “the implicit contract of 1935,” which allowed the university to maintain its autonomy from the legislature so long as UC “would not allow its facilities to be used as a ‘platform for propaganda.’” In retrospect, Kerr admitted that this “contract,” designed to keep UC “out of political controversy, lest such controversy disrupt . . . external political . . . relations,” promoted an “antiseptic view of the university.”
“We almost lost”
Authors: Cohen Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
President Kerr viewed the deadlock and collapse of the CCPA negotiations with the FSM as good news. He thought it signaled a weakening of the influence that Savio’s brand of militancy had on Berkeley student politics, and the beginning of the end for the FSM. In a November 10 meeting with Strong and university counsel Thomas Cunningham, Kerr asserted that the FSM “is breaking within its own ranks. The majority is still extremist but the moderates are gaining ground,” and as proof cited the FSM Executive Committee’s “28 to 17 vote the other night” endorsing the resumption of setting up tables on campus in defiance of the free speech ban. Kerr’s low opinion of Savio’s political prospects was reinforced by reports from faculty with ties to moderate students, who disliked the direction that Savio and the Steering Committee were taking. One such professor, Seymour Martin Lipset, reported confidentially to the administration on November 11 that “Savio is giving thought to trying to seize the ASUC [student union] building. Savio is losing control, and is desperate to provoke his own arrest as a means of consolidating his followers.” On the basis of such dubious evidence Kerr became so convinced of Savio’s and the FSM’s decline that he decided against any concessions or further negotiations. Instead Kerr, in Strong’s words, was “playing for time—and the isolation of the extremists.”
Speaking Out And Sitting In
Authors: Cohen Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The crowd at the noon Sproul Plaza rally on December 2 was huge, some six thousand students. Still, Savio had no idea how many students would find the movement’s grievances sufficiently compelling to join him in sitting in at Sproul Hall after the rally. He and his fellow Steering Committee members had been on an emotional roller coaster in the week leading up to this rally. Only nine days earlier the FSM had held its most ineffective protest, the aborted sit- in. So with fresh memories of that fiasco, under whose weight the FSM had, as Weinberg put it, almost “disintegrated”—and having experienced “a feeling of defeat”—the movement reacted to the disciplinary letters that the administration recently sent to the FSM leadership with both anger and a hopeful sense that those letters (widely viewed as vindictive) presented “an opportunity to push the fight further.” For the FSM leadership, the December 2 rally and sit- in offered a shot at redemption. The movement had “a lot at stake” that day. So “it was a very emotional moment,” one when the FSM faced the question of whether it remained a genuinely popular movement capable of stirring the conscience of the campus. This context helps to account for almost “all the emotional energy” in Savio’s famous speech, which he gave at this rally, seeking to persuade the crowd to sit in.
“Free speech at last”
Authors: Cohen Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The events of December 2–3, 1964, had proven that the FSM could generate mass protest, headlines, and new ideas about how the university should function. The sit-in had also shown that Savio—with his “bodies upon the gears” speech and “An End to History”—responded to the crisis at Berkeley by soaring to new heights in eloquent dissident oratory. But as Savio and his fellow protesters returned to campus after a night at the Santa Rita jail, the outcome of the free speech struggle was still uncertain. Neither Savio’s famous speech, the mass sit-in, the arrests, nor the effective student strike (in which close to five thousand students and TAs picketed and at least twice that many boycotted classes to protest the Sproul Hall bust) had convinced Kerr to eliminate UC’s restrictions on the content of speech. In fact, Kerr spent the days after the arrests searching for ways to deny the FSM its free speech goals. So even after all the tumult Savio and his fellow FSMers still had their work cut out for them if they were going to prevail. Fortunately for the movement, Savio rose to the occasion. In terms of both political thought and action, he was at his most creative and daring during the crucial days following the sit-in.
Valedictor
Authors: Cohen Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mr. Denn, honored guests, members of the faculty, friends and fellow graduates: We who are assembled here today consider ourselves loyal Americans, proud and grateful to call the United States our home. This is as it should be, for God has certainly looked kindly upon us in giving us the freedom and prosperity we enjoy as Americans. And because this Providence-blest land is a precious gift, we must rise to meet the high responsibility we have to protect it—to keep it the land of high ideals that it has been.
Beyond The Cold War
Authors: Cohen Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The student movement of the 1960s was largely a response of white youth to two great events in the world beyond the university: the domestic crisis brought on by the burgeoning civil rights movement, and the crisis in foreign policy caused by the U.S. colonial war in Vietnam. The lessons learned in these two arenas of struggle should have been mutually reinforcing, and they were for the most politically conscious Participants. They could have led (and sometimes did) to a key political insight: recognition that the U.S. cold war establishment, with its ideology of reflexive “anti-Communism,” is the principal obstacle to solution of America’s chronic social problems, the principal reason for squandered national resources, both material and spiritual, and the principal cause of a U.S. propensity to fight or instigate colonial wars. In this view, the “cold war” in America is a complex of material and ideological institutions which shape and direct national public policy toward favoring profit making over meeting fundamental human needs (preventing “creeping socialism”) and toward goals of “strength” and military “preparedness” over a credible policy of peaceful accommodation.
The Second Generation
Authors: Cohen Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I would like to begin by acknowledging those of you, especially the students, who have made it possible for me to speak to you here today. Perhaps thanks would be more gracious than mere acknowledgment, but I am not at all sure how appropriate it would be to say thank you for the very stressful opportunity of speaking at the graduation of one’s own son. Particularly so for me, since when someone calls “Mr. Savio” I still must suppress the reflex to look around to see if my father is somewhere in the room. Parents in recent times have grown used to being judged frankly—if not harshly—by their children, a practice which my own generation has had some hand in establishing as a dubious tradition. To rise quickly, then, at the opportunity to be judged in public by one’s son and his friends is, in the Italian proverb, to skip happily into the mouth of the wolf. You know, when I received the letter of invitation I was genuinely surprised— actually shocked. The terror set in only when I sat down to write the speech.
Federal and State Child Support Policies
Authors: Cherry Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 6 highlighted the central role of high-employment policies. A high-employment economy alone, however, is not sufficient to enable all welfare leavers to sustain full-time employment. Many leavers, especially those with preschool-age children, have difficulty working full time year-round without child care supports. And those families that need them most may have too much income to qualify, or their location may not be convenient.
TANF Reauthorization
Authors: Cherry Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After four years of heated debate, reauthorization of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF ) program was accomplished as part of the 2005 budget reconciliation bill. In some ways, the final bill was harsher than the earlier House proposals that were rejected by Democrats and some Senate Republicans, causing the prolonged legislative stalemate. Some work requirements were increased beyond previous proposals, and these provisions increased the likelihood that support services for welfare leavers and the working near-poor would be slashed. This gloomy assessment suggests that the “Making Work Pay” approach has been undermined. Indeed, reform critics would argue that this outcome was the inevitable consequence of President Bill Clinton’s capitulation to reactionary forces.
Satire and the Law
Authors: Keane Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Satire’s fundamental connection with violence lurks even in the evolved literary state of the genre, as manifested both in programmatic statements and in violent subject matter. Horace’s self-reflexive narrative of human social evolution in Ser mones 1.3 describes physical aggression as an adaptable means of organization that remains as an influence on social life. At the same time, the primitive experimental violence in that account has a more civilized telos, the birth of laws (105-106). It is a key contention of this study that the satirists recognize persistent connections between crude and civilized versions of the same basic behavior, and that in reading the genre we cannot see one version as completely separate from the other. This tension is especially visible in the satiric portrayal of legal process, which Horace represents as the evolved form of punitive and difference-making violence. The present chapter will examine how the satirists both borrow from and portray the world of law and its theoretical construction. Like physical violence, the law both offers a model for satire’s agenda of correction and social organization, and introduces unique theoretical and moral problems into the genre’s image.