bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cloning of sft-4 and its influence on vitality and virulence of pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Authors: Liu Shuisong , Wang Linsong , Li Ronggui , Chen Mengyu , Deng Wenjun , Wang Chao , Du Guicai , Guo Qunqun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn our previous screening of the transcriptome of the causal agent of the devastating pine wilt disease, pine wood nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), after treatment with the nematicide fomepizole, Surfeit locus gene sft-4, which encodes a regulatory factor, was found to be downregulated. In situ hybridization results showed that the sft-4 was continuously expressed from egg to adult and was especially high in the reproductive system. Here in a study of the effect of RNA interference (RNAi) of sft-4 and recombinant SFT-4 on PWN activity, treatment with sft-4 dsRNA inhibited feeding, reproduction, oviposition and egg hatching of PWN with the greatest inhibition on reproduction and oviposition, whereas recombinant SFT-4 had the opposite effect. In addition, RNAi of sft-4 changed the female–male ratio and lifespan of PWN. In bioassays of PWNs, with RNAi of sft-4 on seedlings and 2-year-old Pinus thunbergii trees, none of the treated plants developed symptoms during the monitoring period, indicating that virulence of PWNs was either significantly weakened. These results indicate that the influence of sft-4 on PWN pathogenicity may be mainly through regulating reproductive function of PWN and its lifespan.
A modular framework for a dynamic residential building stock model with energy retrofit forecasts
Authors: Aldenhoff Dennis , Kurzrock Björn-Martin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBuilding retrofits are strongly dependent on the individual refurbishment/rehabilitation cycles of buildings. In order to achieve the targeted climate goals for the building sector, it is necessary to make the best possible use of refurbishment opportunities for energy retrofits. Furthermore, it must be considered that the younger the building, the lower the potential for energy savings. The most challenging, yet required, energy retrofits are all yet to come. Given the importance of the refurbishment cycle, the question arises as to what the theoretical refurbishment rate is, what the actual energy retrofit rate is, and what it needs to be in order to meet the climate targets for the residential building stock. The aim of this paper is to model the evolution of the size and retrofit status of national building stocks. This is to be done against the background of the deviation from the actual and theoretical refurbishment cycle. Using current statistics and the past development of the German residential building stock, central parameters like living space, new construction, deconstruction, and the retrofit rate are modeled endogenously. For the latter, influences of economic conditions are implemented through an exogenously set black box variable. The retrofit rate represents a deep energy retrofit and thus allows an easy connection of the model with energy parameters for building classes defined in the web database TABULA for 20 European countries. The results are of relevance for modeling the energy efficiency status of the building stock and deriving suitable conditions for increasing retrofit rates also in other countries. The results show that increasing the energy retrofit rates to 2%/a or more is largely unrealistic. Instead, the focus should be on weak points, especially where short-term savings are concerned. This applies in particular to facades, basement ceilings, and heating systems as well as the efficient use of energy in buildings.
A numerical model for calculating velocity distribution in cross-section of an open channel
Authors: Kakavandi Hanieh , Heidari Mohammad Mehdi , Ghobadian Rasool 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFlow velocity in open channels is a fundamental hydraulic parameter with wide-ranging applications, including the development of rating curves and the study of sediment transport. While some river engineering projects may only require the calculation of average flow velocity, others, such as the design of hydraulic structures and stable channels, as well as the assessment of boundary shear stress, necessitate a more comprehensive understanding of flow dynamics, including the two-dimensional velocity distribution within open channels. To address this, various mathematical models have been proposed for estimating the two-dimensional distribution of flow velocity across transverse and depth directions. However, these models often come with complexities that hinder their practical application. In this research, we introduce a simplified numerical model that combines simplified Navier–Stokes equations with an eddy viscosity formula. This innovative approach aims to estimate velocity distribution in both rectangular and trapezoidal channels. The accuracy of our developed model hinges on the momentum transfer coefficient used in the eddy viscosity formula. Through the execution of the numerical model and the utilization of observational data, we determined the optimal value of the momentum transfer coefficient to be 0.241. To validate the effectiveness of our numerical model, we compared its predictions with laboratory data encompassing diverse hydraulic conditions. The results demonstrated a high level of accuracy, with the calculated velocity distribution and flow discharge differing by no more than 7.6% and 6.8%, respectively.
Effekte einer Classroom-Management-Intervention in unterschiedlichen Lehrformaten (Präsenz, Online, Hybrid) zur Vorbereitung auf das Allgemeine Schulpraktikum
Authors: Uhde Gesa , Thies Barbara 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungZur Vorbereitung auf ihr Schulpraktikum absolvieren Bachelorstudierende eine Classroom-Management-Veranstaltung (Präsenztraining, Onlineliteraturkurs), welche aufgrund positiver Evaluationen als Pflichtelement etabliert wurde. Pandemiebedingt wurde im Wintersemester 2020/21 zusätzlich ein Hybridtraining konzipiert und durchgeführt. Die vorliegende Studie evaluiert die Effekte der CM-Veranstaltung in drei unterschiedlichen Lehrformaten (Präsenztraining, Onlineliteraturkurs, Hybridtraining) auf das selbsteingeschätzte Wissen zum CM, die selbsteingeschätzten CM-Kompetenzen und die Lehrkraft-Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung. Teilnehmende aller Lehrformate weisen zum Post-Messzeitpunkt höhere Werte in nahezu allen untersuchten Bereichen auf. Sowohl die Präsenz- als auch die Hybridtrainingsgruppe ist der Onlineliteraturkursgruppe in nahezu allen Wissensbereichen überlegen. Bezogen auf die Lehrkraft-Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung erwies sich das Präsenztrainingsformat sowohl dem Onlineliteraturkurs als auch dem Hybridtrainingsformat gegenüber als wirksamer. Für die selbsteingeschätzten CM-Kompetenzen weist das Präsenztrainingsformat nur gegenüber dem Onlineliterurkurs in fünf der neun untersuchten Kompetenzbereiche günstigere Werte nach der Intervention auf.Die Ergebnisse zeigen die Wirksamkeit aller drei untersuchten Lehrformate mit deutlichen Hinweisen auf die Überlegenheit des Präsenztrainingsformats.
A Common Data Dictionary and Common Data Model for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Kuan Alexander , Aggour Kareem S. , Li Shengyen , Lu Yan , Mohr Luke , Kitt Alex , Macdonald Hunter 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) leverages emerging technologies and well-adopted processes to produce near-net-shape products. The advancement of AM technology requires data management tools to collect, store, and share information through the product development lifecycle and across the material and machine value chain. To address the need for sharing data among AM developers and practitioners, an AM common data dictionary (AM-CDD) was first developed based on community consensus to provide a common lexicon for AM, and later standardized by ASTM International. Following the AM-CDD work, the development of a common data model (AM-CDM) defining the structure and relationships of the key concepts, and terms in the AM-CDD is being developed. These efforts have greatly facilitated system integrations and AM data exchanges among various organizations. This work outlines the effort to create the AM-CDD and AM-CDM, with a focus on the design of the AM-CDM. Two use cases are provided to demonstrate the adoption of these efforts and the interoperability enabled by the AM-CDM for different engineering applications managed by different types of database technology. In these case studies, the AM-CDM is implemented in two distinct formats to curate AM data from NIST—the first in XML from their additive manufacturing material database and the second in OWL from their 2022 AM bench database. These use cases present the power of the AM-CDM for data representation, querying, and seamless data exchange. Our implementation experiences and some challenges are highlighted that can assist others in future adoptions of the AM-CDM for data integration and data exchange applications.
Solvent and alkyl substitution effects on charge-transfer mediated triplet state generation in BODIPY dyads: a combined computational and experimental study
Authors: Dai Yasi , Dellai Angela , Bassan Elena , Bellatreccia Caterina , Gualandi Andrea , Anselmi Michele , Cozzi Pier Giorgio , Ceroni Paola , Negri Fabrizia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDonor–acceptor dyads based on BODIPYs have been recently employed to enhance the formation of triplet excited states with the process of spin–orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) which does not require introduction of transition metals or other heavy atoms into the molecule. In this work we compare two donor–acceptor dyads based on meso-naphthalenyl BODIPY by combining experimental and computational investigations. The photophysical and electrochemical characterization reveals a significant effect of alkylation of the BODIPY core, disfavoring the SOCT-ISC mechanism for the ethylated BODIPY dyad. This is complemented with a computational investigation carried out to rationalize the influence of ethyl substituents and solvent effects on the electronic structure and efficiency of triplet state population via charge recombination (CR) from the photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) generated charge-transfer (CT) state. Time dependent-density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations including solvent effects and spin–orbit coupling (SOC) calculations uncover the combined role played by solvent and alkyl substitution on the lateral positions of BODIPY.
Graphical abstract
Avian trematodes of central European corvids are heterogeneous regarding preferences for host species and age
Authors: Sitko J. , Heneberg P. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Corvids are highly adaptive birds that respond well to anthropogenic changes in their environment. Trematode communities of corvids were studied mainly in the 1950s through 1970s in regularly flooded parts of the Volga River delta in Russia; more recent studies and data from other regions where the corvids are in less contact with postflooding habitats are limited. Data for Corvus corax were lacking. Using our samples obtained from 1963 to 2023, we performed a large-scale analysis of trematode species composition and community structure in Corvus frugilegus, Corvus cornix, C. corax, Coloeus monedula, Pica pica, and Garrulus glandarius; all originated from the Czech Republic. We identified corvids as hosts of mutually overlapping component communities of only a few species of trematodes (Brachylecithum lobatum, Lyperosomum petiolatum, Lyperosomum longicauda, Tamerlania zarudnyi, Urogonimus macrostomus), with the presence of many rare and incidental findings of other trematode species. Only a few species used corvids as their core hosts (L. longicauda and B. lobatum). Trematode component communities in first-year birds included Prosthogonimus cuneatus, Prosthogonimus ovatus, Plagiorchis asperus, and Morishitium dollfusi due to an increased share of insects (intermediate hosts of Prosthogonimus and Plagiorchis) and snails (intermediate hosts of Morishitium) in the diet of juveniles. The trematode component communities of corvid species overlapped but were heterogeneous at the level of host individuals, likely reflecting differences in food sources related to the respective host ages and nesting sites.
Interferometric study of the class I methanol masers at 104.3 GHz
Authors: Voronkov M. A. , Breen S. L. , Ellingsen S. P. , Sobolev A. M. , Ladeyschikov D. A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) has been used for an interferometric follow up observation at 104.3 GHz of the targets where either this or the 9.9-GHz maser was previously detected. We confirm the significant difference (by more than 1.5 orders of magnitude) from source to source of the flux density ratio for these two maser transitions. Based on the morphology and location of continuum sources, the most likely explanation of this discrepancy is the difference in the flux density of the seed radiation at the two frequencies. We also report absolute positions (with arcsec accuracy) for all detected 104.3 GHz masers.
Water Masers in the Galactic Center
Authors: Ward Dylan , Ott Jürgen , Meier David S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) makes up roughly the inner 500 pc of the Milky Way and has a large amount of dense hot gas, strong magnetic fields, and highly energetic particles. The Survey of Water and Ammonia in the Galactic Center (SWAG) is a major imaging line survey using the Australia Telescope Compact Array with the goal to map out the molecular content in the entire CMZ. SWAG data includes the 22 GHz H2O maser transition which is typically used as a tracer for phases of star formation, including both young stellar objects (YSOs) and evolved stars, such as asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. The SWAG H2O survey is significantly deeper with better resolution than existing surveys that cover the entire CMZ. The goal is to create a robust catalog of the maser positions, spectral properties, and the sources they trace. The H2O maser catalog shows 703 H2O masers which increases the amount of detected H2O masers in the CMZ by more than an order of magnitude. The H2O masers have a more symmetric distribution in the Galactic center than that of the gas. Cross-correlation with other observations and catalogs will provide information relating maser properties to YSOs and AGB stars, for which multiple maser components will provide outflow properties. We will also connect the surrounding molecular gas to the YSO maser velocities.
Feature prospects of IRAS 20126+4104 maser studies
Authors: Aberfelds Artis , Bartkiewicz Anna , Šteinbergs Jānis , Shmeld Ivar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIRAS 20126+4104 is an extensively studied high-mass star-forming region with many astrophysical maser lines from methanol and water molecules. The brightest and highly variable is the 6.7 GHz methanol maser transition. We present follow-up studies on this target including the monitoring with the Irbene radio telescope with high-cadence data and European VLBI Network imaging extending the VLBI monitoring to 19 years. We also plan to study the target in the future based on its variability, both in the radio domain (EVN observations are planned for June 2023) and in infra-red with the 1 meter Kagoshima University Telescope operated by Amanogawa Galaxy Astronomy Research Center (AGARC).
Evolution of the outflow traced by water masers in the evolved star IRAS 18043—2116
Authors: Uscanga Lucero , Imai Hiroshi , Gómez José F. , Tafoya Daniel , Orosz Gabor , McCarthy Tiege P. , Hamae Yuhki , Amada Kei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe present the spectral and spatial evolution of H2O masers associated with IRAS 18043–2116, a well-known water fountain hosting a high-velocity collimated jet, which has been found in the observations with the 45 m telescope of Nobeyama Radio Observatory and the Australia Telescope Compact Array. We found new highest velocity components of the H2O masers, with which the resulting velocity spread of ≃ 540 km s−1 breaks the speed record of fast jets/outflows in this type of sources.
Introducing the MeerKAT Telescope: Studies of masers and their environment
Authors: Goedhart Sharmila 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe 64-dish MeerKAT telescope was inaugurated in 2018 and has been conducting regular science operations since then. In the meantime, new observation modes have been under development. Spectral line modes are available, as well as L-, UHF- and S-band receivers. MeerKAT’s excellent sensitivity over a wide range of angular scales makes it an excellent choice for studies of HII regions, supernova remnants and planetary nebulae. In addition, an OH megamaser has been detected at z > 0.5 for the first time.
Multi-wavelength maser observations of the Extended Green Object G19.01—0.03
Authors: Williams Gwenllian M. , Cyganowski Claudia J. , Brogan Crystal L. , Hunter Todd R. , Ilee John D. , Nazari Pooneh , Smith Rowan J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe report the detections of NH3(3,3) and 25 GHz and 278.3 GHz class I CH3OH maser emission associated with the outflow of the Extended Green Object G19.01–0.03 in sub-arcsecond resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) observations. For masers associated with the outer outflow lobes (> 12.5 ″ from the central massive young stellar object; MYSO), the spatial distribution of the NH3(3,3) masers is statistically indistinguishable from that of previously known 44 GHz Class I CH3OH masers, strengthening the connection of NH3(3,3) masers to outflow shocks. In sub-arcsecond resolution VLA observations, we resolve the 6.7 GHz Class II CH3OH maser emission towards the MYSO into a partial, inclined ring, with a velocity gradient consistent with the rotationally supported circumstellar disc traced by thermal gas emission.
Recombination lines and maser effects
Authors: Abraham Zulema 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMaser effects occur in recombination lines when the plasma departs from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). Its consequence is not as dramatic as that found in molecular masers, and therefore it is more difficult to recognize. Besides, it occurs in compact high density regions, and its lines fall at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths, only recently available with good angular resolution. This review will focus on the theoretical aspects of maser recombination lines and on the recent detection of these masers in different astronomical objects.
Simultaneous observations of exited OH and methanol maser - coincidence and magnetic field
Authors: Kobak Agnieszka 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe present the first results of simultaneous observations of the 6.035 GHz exited OH and 6.7 GHz methanol masers toward a sample of 10 high-mass young stellar objects (HMYSOs), observed using eMERLIN in 2020 and 2022. Searching for the coincidence and avoidance of these two maser transitions, we estimate physical conditions around central protostars. We identify Zeeman-splittings of the OH emission and determine the strength of the magnetic field. Combining it with linear polarization, we derive the magnetic field structure in these high-mass star-forming regions.
Expanded Maser Science Opportunities with the ALMA Wideband Sensitivity Upgrade
Authors: Brogan Crystal L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe ALMA Project is embarking on a partner-wide initiative to at least double, and ultimately quadruple the correlated bandwidth of ALMA by @2030. This initiative is called the ALMA Wideband Sensitivity Upgrade (WSU). In this contribution, I briefly describe the main aspects of the upgrade and status. Then I provide several examples of how the WSU will enhance (sub)millimeter maser science by affording the ability to observe more diagnostic maser transitions (and thermal lines) with a single observation.
The Past, Present, and Groundbreaking Future of OH Megamaser Discoveries
Authors: Roberts Hayley , Darling Jeremy 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOH megamasers (OHMs) are luminous masers found in (ultra-)luminous infrared galaxies ([U]LIRGs). OHMs are signposts of major gas-rich mergers associated with some of the most extreme star forming regions in our universe. The dominant OH masing line, occurring at 1667 MHz, can spoof the 1420 MHz neutral hydrogen (HI) line in untargeted HI emission line surveys. While only ∼120 OHMs are currently known, HI surveys on next-generation radio telescopes, such as the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) and its precursors, will detect unprecedented numbers of OHMs. This surge in detections will not only fundamentally change what we know about the OHM population, but will also unlock our ability to implement OHMs as tracers of major mergers and extreme star formation on cosmic scales. Here we present predictions for the number of OHMs that will be detected by these surveys. We also present our novel methods for identifying these interlopers using a k-Nearest Neighbors machine learning algorithm. Preliminary data from HI surveys on precursor SKA telescopes is being used to vet and strengthen these methods as well as give us a first look at a new era in OHM science. From a detection of one of the most luminous OHMs to the discovery of a megamaser at a record-shattering redshift, these new sources are glimpses into how our understanding of the known OHM population will soon be expanding and shifting rapidly and how they will influence our understanding of galaxy evolution.
Evolutionary Trends in Star Formation
Authors: Urquhart J. S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOver the past 20 years, the Galactic plane has been surveyed at high resolution at wavelengths from 1 micron through to 20 cm. The combination of these surveys has produced large samples of deeply embedded young stars located across the Galactic disc. These continuum surveys are complemented by spectral line surveys of thermal, radio recombination, and molecular maser (OH, H2O, CH3OH) lines. The identified sources cover the whole range of evolutionary stages in the star formation process, allowing the physical properties of these stages to be measured. This information has been used to calculate the star formation efficiency and star formation rate of the Milky Way and to evaluate the impact of environment and location within the disc. This review provides an overview of some of the most significant studies in recent years and discusses how the evolutionary sequence has been used to investigate the correlation of other star formation tracers and maser associations.
Flaring Masers and Pumping
Authors: Gray M. D. , Etoka S. , Pimpanuwat B. , Richards A. M. S. , Cowie F. J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe briefly consider the history of maser variability, and of flaring variability specifically. We consider six proposed flare generation mechanisms, and model them computationally with codes that include saturation and 3-D structure (the last mechanism is modelled in 1-D). Fits to observational light curves have been made for some sources, and we suggest that a small number of observational parameters can diagnose the flare mechanism in many cases. The strongest flares arise from mechanisms that can increase the number density of inverted molecules in addition to by geometrical effects, and in events where unsaturated quiescent masers become saturated during the flare.