bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A quality improvement approach to integrating social determinants of health objectives into pediatric simulation
Authors: Feick Megan , Iqbal Ammarah U. , Boolchandani Henna , Kandil Sarah , Johnston Lindsay , Soma Gauthami , Cordone Alexis , Auerbach Marc , Tiyyagura Gunjan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundHealth disparities and the unequal distribution of social resources impact health outcomes. By considering social determinants of health (SDH), clinicians can provide holistic and equitable care. However, barriers such as lack of time or understanding of the relevance of SDH to patient care prevent providers from addressing SDH. Simulation curricula may improve learners’ ability to address SDH in practice.ObjectivesThe primary objective was to increase the percentage of pediatric emergency simulations that included SDH objectives from 5% to 50% in 12 months at one institution. As a balancing metric, we examined whether trainees approved the incorporation of SDH objectives.MethodsUsing the Model for Improvement approach, we conducted interviews of residents and simulation facilitators to identify challenges to integrating SDH objectives into the simulation curriculum. Review of interviews and visual representation of the system helped identify key drivers in the process. A team of simulation leaders, residents, and fellows met regularly to develop simulation cases with embedded SDH objectives. Using a plan, do, study, act approach, we tested, refined, and implemented interventions including engaging residency program and SDH leadership, piloting cases, providing facilitators concise resources, inviting SDH‐specific experts to co‐debrief, and eliciting and incorporating learner and facilitator feedback to improve cases. SDH topics include homelessness, undocumented status, and racism.ResultsPrior to the start of the quality improvement work, SDH were rarely incorporated into emergency simulations for pediatric residents. A p‐chart was used to track the percentage of monthly cases that incorporated SDH topics. During the study period, the percentage of simulations including SDH topics increased to 57% per month. Most trainees (94%) welcomed incorporating SDH objectives.ConclusionsUsing the Model for Improvement, we incorporated SDH objectives into pediatric resident emergency simulations. Next steps include examining effectiveness of the curriculum, dissemination to additional learners, and examining sustainability in practice.
Bioacoustic monitoring to determine addiction levels of primates to the human sphere: A feasibility study on Japanese macaques
Authors: Enari Hiroto , Enari Haruka S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSome nonhuman primate species, whose original habitats have been reclaimed by artificial activities, have acquired boldness toward humans which is evident based on the diminished frequency of escape behaviors. Eventually, such species have become regular users of human settlements, and are referred to as “urban primates.” Considering this, we developed a noninvasive technique based on bioacoustics to provide a transparent assessment of troop addiction levels in anthropogenic environments, which are determined by the dependence on agricultural crops and human living sphere for their diets and daily ranging, respectively. We attempted to quantify the addiction levels based on the boldness of troops when raiding settlements, characterized by a “landscape of fear” because of the presence of humans as predators. We hypothesized that the boldness of troops could be measured using two indices: the frequency of raiding events on settlements and the amount of time spent there. For hypothesis testing, we devised an efficient method to measure these two indices using sound cues (i.e., spontaneous calls) for tracing troop movements that are obtainable throughout the day from most primate species (e.g., contact calls). We conducted a feasibility study of this assessment procedure, targeting troops of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). For this study, we collected 346 recording weeks of data using autonomous recorders from 24 troops with different addiction levels during the nonsnowy seasons. The results demonstrated that troops that reached the threshold level, at which radical interventions including mass culling of troop members is officially permitted, could be readily identified based on the following behavioral characteristics: troop members raiding settlements two or three times per week and mean time spent in settlements per raiding event exceeding 0.4 h. Thus, bioacoustic monitoring could become a valid option to ensure the objectivity of policy judgment in urban primate management.
Predicting sojourn times across dementia disease stages, institutionalization, and mortality
Authors: Tate Ashley E , Bouteloup Vincent , van Maurik Ingrid S. , Jean Delphine , Mank Arenda , Speh Andreja , Boilet Valerie , van Harten Argonde , Eriksdotter Maria , Wimo Anders , Dufouil Carole , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Jönsson Linus 
Published: October 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONInferring the timeline from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to severe dementia is pivotal for patients, clinicians, and researchers. Literature is sparse and often contains few patients. We aim to determine the time spent in MCI, mild‐, moderate‐, severe dementia, and institutionalization until death.METHODSMultistate modeling with Cox regression was used to obtain the sojourn time. Covariates were age at baseline, sex, amyloid status, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) or other dementia diagnosis. The sample included a register (SveDem) and memory clinics (Amsterdam Dementia Cohort and Memento).RESULTSUsing 80,543 patients, the sojourn time from clinically identified MCI to death across all patient groups ranged from 6.20 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.57–6.98) to 10.08 (8.94–12.18) years.DISCUSSIONGenerally, sojourn time was inversely associated with older age at baseline, males, and AD diagnosis. The results provide key estimates for researchers and clinicians to estimate prognosis.
Improving Early Recognition of Treatment‐Responsive Causes of Rapidly Progressive Dementia: The STAM3P Score
Authors: Satyadev Nihal , Tipton Philip W. , Martens Yuka , Dunham S. Richard , Geschwind Michael D. , Morris John C. , Brier Matthew R. , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Day Gregory S. 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo improve the timely recognition of patients with treatment‐responsive causes of rapidly progressive dementia (RPD).MethodsA total of 226 adult patients with suspected RPD were enrolled in a prospective observational study and followed for up to 2 years. Diseases associated with RPD were characterized as potentially treatment‐responsive or non‐responsive, referencing clinical literature. Disease progression was measured using Clinical Dementia Rating® Sum‐of‐Box scores. Clinical and paraclinical features associated with treatment responsiveness were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Findings informed the development of a clinical criterion optimized to recognize patients with potentially treatment‐responsive causes of RPD early in the diagnostic evaluation.ResultsA total of 155 patients met defined RPD criteria, of whom 86 patients (55.5%) had potentially treatment‐responsive causes. The median (range) age‐at‐symptom onset in patients with RPD was 68.9 years (range 22.0–90.7 years), with a similar number of men and women. Seizures, tumor (disease‐associated), magnetic resonance imaging suggestive of autoimmune encephalitis, mania, movement abnormalities, and pleocytosis (≥10 cells/mm3) in cerebrospinal fluid at presentation were independently associated with treatment‐responsive causes of RPD after controlling for age and sex. Those features at presentation, as well as age‐at‐symptom onset <50 years (ie, STAM3P), captured 82 of 86 (95.3%) cases of treatment‐responsive RPD. The presence of ≥3 STAM3P features had a positive predictive value of 100%.InterpretationSelected features at presentation reliably identified patients with potentially treatment‐responsive causes of RPD. Adaptation of the STAM3P screening score in clinical practice may minimize diagnostic delays and missed opportunities for treatment in patients with suspected RPD. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:237–248
Stereoselective Synthesis of Sialyl Lewisa Antigen and the Effective Anticancer Activity of Its Bacteriophage Qβ Conjugate as an Anticancer Vaccine
Authors: Rashidijahanabad Zahra , Ramadan Sherif , O'Brien Nicholas A. , Nakisa Athar , Lang Shuyao , Crawford Howard , Gildersleeve Jeffrey C. , Huang Xuefei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSialyl Lewisa (sLea), also known as cancer antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9), is a tumor‐associated carbohydrate antigen. The overexpression of sLea on the surface of a variety of cancer cells makes it an attractive target for anticancer immunotherapy. However, sLea‐based anticancer vaccines have been under‐explored. To develop a new vaccine, efficient stereoselective synthesis of sLea with an amine‐bearing linker was achieved, which was subsequently conjugated with a powerful carrier bacteriophage, Qβ. Mouse immunization with the Qβ‐sLea conjugate generated strong and long‐lasting anti‐sLea IgG antibody responses, which were superior to those induced by the corresponding conjugate of sLea with the benchmark carrier keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Antibodies elicited by Qβ‐sLea were highly selective toward the sLea structure, could bind strongly with sLea‐expressing cancer cells and human pancreatic cancer tissues, and kill tumor cells through complement‐mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, vaccination with Qβ‐sLea significantly reduced tumor development in a metastatic cancer model in mice, demonstrating tumor protection for the first time by a sLea‐based vaccine, thus highlighting the significant potential of sLea as a promising cancer antigen.
The Molecular Basis of Catalysis by SDR Family Members Ketoacyl‐ACP Reductase FabG and Enoyl‐ACP Reductase FabI in Type‐II Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
Authors: Zhou Jiashen , Zhang Lin , Wang Yiran , Song Wenyan , Huang Yuzhou , Mu Yajuan , Schmitz Werner , Zhang Shu‐Yu , Lin Houwen , Chen Hong‐Zhuan , Ye Fei , Zhang Liang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe short‐chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily members acyl‐ACP reductases FabG and FabI are indispensable core enzymatic modules and catalytic orientation controllers in type‐II fatty acid biosynthesis. Herein, we report their distinct substrate allosteric recognition and enantioselective reduction mechanisms. FabG achieves allosteric regulation of ACP and NADPH through ACP binding across two adjacent FabG monomers, while FabI follows an irreversible compulsory order of substrate binding in that NADH binding must precede that of ACP on a discrete FabI monomer. Moreover, FabG and FabI utilize a backdoor residue Phe187 or a “rheostat” α8 helix for acyl chain length selection, and their corresponding triad residues Ser142 or Tyr145 recognize the keto‐ or enoyl‐acyl substrates, respectively, facilitating initiation of nucleophilic attack by NAD(P)H. The other two triad residues (Tyr and Lys) mediate subsequent proton transfer and (R)‐3‐hydroxyacyl‐ or saturated acyl‐ACP production.
Phyto‐synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Tephrosia purpurea and its in‐vitro biogenic actions
Authors: Shashidhara Vaishnavi , M. Srinivasappa Puneethkumar , H. Jadhav Arvind , Alwarsamy Madhavarani 
Published: October 2023

Tephrosia purpurea silver nanoparticles (TP‐AgNPs) were synthesized with water‐based leaf extract of the plant T. purpurea. UV–Vis characterization had shown the maximum absorbance at 436 nm. The surface morphology was examined via electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) analysis (average size: ~100 nm, shape: spherical). The zeta potential (ZP) of TP‐AgNPs revealed values of −41.72 mV suggesting appropriate physical stability. Besides, an X‐ray crystallography (XRD) study had shown the crystalline size of 20 nm approximately having 2θ values of 32°, 38°, 44°, 64°, and 77° for the silver crystals. The energy dispersive (EDAX) study manifests the absorption peak at 2.983 keV for TP‐AgNPs. Infrared spectroscopy analysis (Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy) indicated the presence of alcoholic as well as aromatic groups in the extract that took part in the stability and silver reduction mechanisms. Biologically, TP‐AgNPs had shown prominent anti‐oxidant activities against 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radicals (IC50 50 μg/mL) and H2O2 radicals (IC50 106 μg/mL). It had also inhibited the proliferation of breast cell lines (MCF 7) showing total growth inhibition (TGI) at 8.2 μg/mL with the LC50 of 44 μg/mL for TP‐AgNPs. Further, hemolysis analysis revealed that TP‐AgNPs are non‐toxic to human erythrocyte cells (RBCs) as they do not cause the breakdown of RBCs. Thus, TP‐AgNPs were found to be an effective agent to be studied further for chemotherapeutic mechanisms.
New fossil anhingids from the upper Acre River (Late Miocene of southwestern Amazon)
Authors: Guilherme Edson , D'Apolito Carlos , Muniz Fellipe , Lomba Silvia Oliveira , Aldrin Leonardo , Hsiou Annie Schmaltz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFour extant species of anhingids are found worldwide, all belonging to a single genus (Anhinga). However, the fossil record reveals a much greater diversity of this group in the past. The oldest known anhingids date back to the upper Oligocene period in Australia, but during the Miocene epoch in South America, they achieved their most remarkable diversity. This study describes newly discovered anhingid fossils from the Late Miocene period in South America. These fossils were extracted from the Acre conglomerate member, part of the Upper Miocene deposits in the southwestern Amazon region. The described fossils consist of two fragments of pelvic girdles, two femora, and two vertebrae belonging to a giant anhingid (Macranhinga sp.), as well as a vertebra from Anhinga minuta, the smallest of all darters. The examination of these fossils suggests the presence of potentially three distinct anhingid taxa within the same locality. The environment in which the conglomerate deposits were formed was ecologically complex. It is likely that these three species coexisted within the same ecosystem but avoided direct competition for food and reproductive sites by not fully exploiting their fundamental niche.
Walking on the gender tightrope: Unlocking ESG potential through CEOs' dynamic capabilities and strategic board composition
Authors: Heubeck Tim 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study explores the relationship between chief executive officers (CEOs) and the board of directors in the context of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. Based on a multi‐theoretical approach, it examines whether dynamic CEO capabilities (DCCs) facilitate ESG performance by enabling capable CEOs to navigate complex stakeholder expectations effectively. Additionally, the impact of board gender diversity (BGD) on this relationship is tested, given its significance for ESG‐related decision‐making. Longitudinal analysis of S&P 900 manufacturing firms demonstrates that strong DCCs positively influence ESG performance, supporting dynamic managerial capabilities and upper echelons theories within the institutional and shareholder theory frameworks. The findings also corroborate that BGD has a moderating effect, initially strengthening the DCC–ESG relationship, in line with gender socialization and diversity theories. However, the study reveals a threshold effect, where ESG benefits from DCCs diminish once BGD reaches approximately 35%, providing a new perspective on critical mass theory.
Simple Synthesis of 1,2‐Dideoxy‐2‐Vinyl Carbohydrates by Tin‐Free Radical Reactions of Xanthates
Authors: Mai‐Linde Yasemin , Linker Torsten 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVinyl‐substituted carbohydrates have been synthesized from glycals derived from hexoses and pentoses. Key step is the radical reaction of xanthates in the presence of triethylborane, a non‐toxic reagent. The mechanism has been investigated by isolation of various side products, which speak for a reversibility of the cyclopropylmethyl radical ring‐opening. Compared to reactions with tributyltin hydride, higher regioselectivities in favor of the 2‐vinyl‐substituted sugars have been obtained. Yields are slightly lower with triethylborane, but all products have been isolated in analytically pure form. The new reaction is applicable to benzyl‐ and silyl‐protected carbohydrates, which makes free sugars accessible as well. Overall, more than 15 1,2‐dideoxy‐2‐vinyl carbohydrates have been synthesized from simple precursors in only few steps.
Azotriptycenes: Photoswitchable Molecular Brakes
Authors: Stockerl Willibald J. , Reißenweber Lilli , Gerwien Aaron , Bach Nicolai N. , Thumser Stefan , Mayer Peter , Gschwind Ruth M. , Dube Henry 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe control of molecular motions is a central topic of molecular machine research. Molecular brakes are fundamental building blocks towards such goal as they allow deliberately decelerating specific motions after an outside stimulus is applied. Here we present azotriptycenes as structural framework for light‐controlled molecular brakes. The intrinsic kinetics and their changes upon azotriptycene isomerization are scrutinized comprehensively by a mixed theoretical and variable temperature NMR approach. With azotriptycenes C−N bond rotation rates can be decelerated or accelerated reversibly by up to five orders of magnitude. Rate change effects are highly localized and are strongest for the C−N bond connecting a triptycene rotor fragment to the central diazo group. The detailed mechanistic insights provide a solid basis for further conscious design and applications in the future.
Current Status and Challenges for Metal‐Organic‐Framework‐Assisted Conversion of Biomass into Value‐Added Chemicals
Authors: Srivastava Varsha , Lappalainen Katja , Rusanen Annu , Morales Gabriel , Lassi Ulla 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOwing to the abundance of availability, low cost, and environmental‐friendliness, biomass waste could serve as a prospective renewable source for value‐added chemicals. Nevertheless, biomass conversion into chemicals is quite challenging due to the heterogeneous nature of biomass waste. Biomass‐derived chemicals are appealing sustainable solutions that can reduce the dependency on existing petroleum‐based production. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs)‐based catalysts and their composite materials have attracted considerable amounts of interest in biomass conversion applications recently because of their interesting physical and chemical characteristics. Due to their tunability, the catalytic activity and selectivity of MOF‐based catalyst/composite materials can be tailored by functionalizing them with a variety of functional groups to enhance biomass conversion efficiency. This review focuses on the catalytic transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into value‐added chemicals by employing MOF‐based catalyst/composite materials. The main focus is given to the production of the platform chemicals HMF and Furfural from the corresponding (hemi)cellulosic biomass, due to their versatility as intermediates for the production of various biobased chemicals and fuels. The effects of different experimental parameters on the conversion of biomass by MOF‐based catalysts are also included. Finally, current challenges and perspectives of biomass conversion into chemicals by MOF‐based catalysts are highlighted.
ThinPrep liquid‐based cytologic diagnosis of hepatic entomophthoromycosis (basidiobolomycosis) with Splendore‐Hoeppli phenomenon
Authors: AbdullGaffar Badr , Keloth Tasnim , Al Marzouqi Omar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractZygomycotic fungal infections are increasingly recognized in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients in nonendemic countries because of the increased global travels. One of the emerging fungal infections is Entomophthorales which cause deep visceral infections that clinically and radiologically mimic malignancies because they form invasive obstructing masses. A quick diagnosis is life‐saving. The current standard diagnosis relies on histopathologic examination and microbiology culture which are time consuming. Cytologic examination is a rapid reliable alternative diagnostic tool. There are a few reports of a primary cytologic diagnosis of zygomycotic and Aspergillus fungi of the lungs based on conventional smear and SurePath™ liquid‐based cytology. We report a case of an immunocompetent adult female who presented with a liver mass that was clinically and radiologically diagnosed as cholangiocarcinoma. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology revealed the cytopathologic features of basidiobolomycosis in ThinPrep® cytology. The ThinPrep® slide revealed broad thin‐walled widely branching septate hyphae with sporangiophores and zygospores. The background revealed bile‐stained granular necrotic debris intermixed with inflammatory cells, degenerate hepatocytes, and highly eosinophilic glassy crystal‐like structures suggestive of Splendore‐Hoeppli phenomenon. The cytologic diagnosis was hepatic entomophthoromycosis (basidiobolomycosis) with Splendore‐Hoeppli phenomenon. This was confirmed by subsequent tissue biopsy and microbiology culture. The detailed cytomorphologic features in the ThinPrep® slide allowed the correct cytologic diagnosis and proper classification of the filamentous fungi. The ThinPrep® cytology was superior to tissue biopsy because it was faster and revealed the characteristic pauciseptate fungal hyphae, sporangiophores and zygospores. Liquid‐based cytology is a valuable quick tool in the diagnosis of fungal mass‐forming lesions.
Urbanization is associated with non‐coding polymorphisms in candidate behavioural genes in the Eurasian coot
Authors: Chyb Amelia , Włodarczyk Radosław , Drzewińska‐Chańko Joanna , Jedlikowski Jan , Walden Kimberly K. O. , Minias Piotr 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExtensive transformation of natural land cover into urbanized areas enhances accumulation of phenotypic differences between animals from urban and nonurban populations, but there is little information on whether these changes, especially in terms of animal behaviour and circadian rhythm, have a genetic basis. The aim of this study was to investigate genetic background of behavioural differences between four pairs of urban and nonurban populations of a common waterbird, the Eurasian coot Fulica atra. For this purpose, we quantified polymorphisms in personality‐related candidate genes, previously reported to be associated with avian circadian rhythms and behavioural traits that may be crucial for urban life. We found general associations between landscape urbanization level and polymorphisms in 3′UTR region of CREB1 gene encoding transcriptional factor, which participates in development of cognitive functions and regulation of circadian rhythm. We also found significant differentiation between urban and nonurban populations in the intronic region of CKIɛ gene responsible for regulation of circadian clock. Although we lacked evidence for linkage of this intronic variation with coding polymorphisms, genetic differentiation between urban populations was significantly stronger at CKIɛ intron compared with neutral microsatellite markers, suggesting possible local adaptations of CKIɛ expression regulation to specific urban sites. Our results indicate that behavioural differentiation between urban and nonurban coot populations may be the effect of habitat‐specific selective pressure resulting in genetic adaptations to urban environment and supporting the microevolutionary scenario. These adaptations, however, prevailed in non‐coding regulatory rather than coding gene regions and showed either general or local patterns, revealing high complexity of associations between behaviour and landscape urbanization in birds.