bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolated pulmonary hypertension in scleroderma
Authors: Cox S. R. , Walker J. G. , Coleman M. , Rischmueller M. , Proudman S. , Smith M. D. , Ahern M. J. , Roberts‐Thomson P. J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: Isolated pulmonary hypertension (PHT) is now the most frequent cause of disease‐related death in limited cutaneous scleroderma, the commonest disease variant of this disabling connective tissue disorder. Endothelin‐1 receptor antagonists provide symptomatic benefit but to date have not been shown to prolong survival.Aim: To determine the frequency, disease characteristics and survival of symptomatic patients with isolated PHT in our cohort of scleroderma patients.Methods: Systematic review of the clinical course of all patients registered on the South Australian Scleroderma Register, a population‐based register of 374 living and 234 deceased patients with scleroderma.Results: Thirty‐four patients were identified with isolated PHT, the majority with limited scleroderma. From our deceased register, we estimate that >11% of patients with this limited variant will develop this complication. Isolated PHT occurs as a late‐stage complication approximately 20 years after the first symptoms of scleroderma. Patients with isolated PHT were characterized by the presence of multiple telangiectasia, reduced nailfold capillary density, digital ulceration, gross reduction of diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and echocardiographic evidence of elevated pulmonary artery pressure. Survival was significantly shortened as compared with those patients without this complication (P = 0.002), with a mean survival of 2.5 years from symptomatic onset of PHT.Conclusion: Isolated PHT occurs as a late‐stage complication in ≥11% of patients with limited cutaneous scleroderma and leads to rapid death from right heart failure. The early use of endothelin‐1 receptor antagonists may change the natural history of this fatal complication. (Intern Med J 2005; 35: 28–33)
Modulation of F1 hybrid stature without altering parent plants through trans‐activated expression of a mutated rice GAI homologue
Authors: Su Ning , Sullivan James A. , Deng Xing Wang 
Published: February 2005

SummaryHybrid breeding, by taking advantage of heterosis, brings about many superior properties to the F1 progeny. However, some properties, such as increased plant height, are not desirable for agronomic purposes. To specifically counter the height increase associated with hybrid progeny, we employed an Arabidopsis model and tested a trans‐activation system for specifically expressing a mutated GAI gene only in the F1 hybrid plants to reduce plant stature. A transcriptional activator, the Gal4 DNA‐binding domain fused to the acidic activation domain of herpes simplex virus VP16 protein, driven by a maize ubiquitin promoter, was introduced in one parental line. A rice GAI homologue with an N‐terminal deletion of the DELLA domain, driven by a promoter that is responsive to the transcriptional activator, was transferred into another parental line. After genetic crossing, trans‐activation of the GAI mutant gene resulted in a dwarf phenotype. Over 50 pair‐wise crosses between the parental lines were performed, and analyses suggested that the percentage of F1 progeny exhibiting dwarfism ranged from about 25% to 100%. Furthermore, the dwarfism trait introduced in F1 progeny did not seem to affect total seed yield. Our result suggests the feasibility of manipulating F1 hybrid progeny traits without affecting parent plants or the agronomic property of the progeny.
Gene stacking in transgenic plants – the challenge for 21st century plant biotechnology
Authors: Halpin Claire 
Published: February 2005

SummaryOne of the major technical hurdles impeding the advance of plant genetic engineering and biotechnology is the fact that the expression or manipulation of multiple genes in plants is still difficult to achieve. Although a small proportion of commercial genetically modified (GM) crops present ‘stacked’ or ‘pyramided’ traits, only a handful of products have been developed by introducing three or more novel genes. On the research front, a variety of conventional and more novel methods have been employed to introduce multiple genes into plants, but all techniques suffer from certain drawbacks. In this review, the potential and problems of these various techniques and strategies are discussed, and the prospects for improving these technologies in the future are presented.
Global transcript profiling of potato tuber using LongSAGE
Authors: Nielsen Kåre L. , Grønkjær Karen , Welinder Karen G. , Emmersen Jeppe 
Published: February 2005

Summary Solanum tuberosum (potato) is the fourth major crop worldwide and is used for food, feed and biotechnological applications. To fully realize the biosynthetic potential for the production of starch, protein and metabolites, we conducted an extensive quantitative profiling of the expressed genes of mature potato tuber. A total of 58 322 serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) tags of 19 nucleotides (nt), representing 22 233 different tags, were analysed. The 695 tags seen 10 or more times were assigned a tentative function by comparison with homologous genes. The identities of 12 ‘known’ and 12 ‘unknown’ transcripts were confirmed by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) cloning using the 19 nt tag as a primer. The SAGE and expressed sequence tag (EST) profiles of potato tuber were compared. Transcripts for four types of protease inhibitor, a metallothionein and a lipoxygenase were more prominent than patatin isoforms.
Modification of gibberellin biosynthesis in the grafted apple scion allows control of tree height independent of the rootstock
Authors: Bulley Sean M. , Wilson Fiona M. , Hedden Peter , Phillips Andrew L. , Croker Stephen J. , James David J. 
Published: February 2005

SummaryThe availability of short stature apple scions that required minimal applications of chemical growth retardants and could be used with a range of rootstocks would be of considerable benefit to fruit growers. We have suppressed the expression of a gene encoding the gibberellin (GA) biosynthetic enzyme GA 20‐oxidase to reduce the levels of bioactive GAs in a scion variety, resulting in significant reductions in stem height. Application of GA3 reversed the effect. The scion remained dwarfed after grafting on to normally invigorating rootstocks, whilst control plants of the same cultivar displayed the expected vigour when grafted on to these rootstocks. This approach could be applicable to any perennial crop variety, allowing dwarf trees to be obtained on any available rootstock or on their own roots without the need for chemical growth retardant application. In effect, seedlings that are well suited to local conditions (drought, salinity) could be employed as tree rootstocks, as could existing rootstocks valued for characters other than vigour control, such as pest and disease resistance.
EOG correction: A comparison of four methods
Authors: Croft Rodney J. , Chandler Jody S. , Barry Robert J. , Cooper Nicholas R. , Clarke Adam R. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract EOG correction is a class of techniques that account for ocular artifact in the electroencephalogram (EEG) by subtracting electrooculographic data from the EEG. The purpose of this study was to evaluate four of these correction techniques (Verleger, Gasser, & Möcks, 1982 [VGM]; Gratton, Coles, & Donchin, 1983 [GCD]; Semlitsch, Presslich, Schuster, & Anderer, 1986 [SPSA]; Croft & Barry, 2000 [CB]). Blinks, vertical eye movements (VEM), and horizontal eye movements (HEM) from 26 subjects were corrected using these techniques, and eye movement event‐related potentials computed to aid validation. HEMs were corrected better by CB, VGM/GCD then SPSA, VEMs by CB, VGM/GCD then SPSA, and blinks by CB, SPSA, GCD and then VGM, with the advantage of CB substantial for blinks (η2>.72), VEMs (η2>.60), and HEMs (η2>.27). It is argued that the CB procedure adequately accounts for ocular artifact in the EEG. Reasons for the limitations of the other procedures are discussed.
Memory‐based or afferent processes in mismatch negativity (MMN): A review of the evidence
Authors: Näätänen Risto , Jacobsen Thomas , Winkler István 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe mismatch negativity (MMN) is an electromagnetic response to any discriminable change in regular auditory input. This response is usually interpreted as being generated by an automatic cortical change‐detection process in which a difference is found between the current input and the representation of the regular aspects of the preceding auditory input. Recently, this interpretation was questioned by Jääskeläinen et al. (2004) who proposed that the MMN is a product of an N1 (N1a) difference wave emerging in the subtraction procedure used to visualize and quantify the MMN. We now evaluate this “adaptation hypothesis” of the MMN in the light of the available data. It is shown that the MMN cannot be accounted for by differential activation of the afferent N1 transient detectors by repetitive (“standard”) stimuli and deviant (“novel”) stimuli and that the presence of a memory representation of the standard is required for the elicitation of MMN.
Electrophysiological correlates of error correction
Authors: Fiehler Katja , Ullsperger Markus , Von Cramon D. Yves 
Published: February 2005

AbstractEvidence in the literature for the proposed relationship between the error‐related negativity (ERN) and error correction is rather limited and inconsistent. We investigated corrective behavior and the ERN in two groups of participants who performed a flanker task. The correction‐instructed group was asked to immediately correct all encountered errors. The noninstructed group was unaware that corrective responses were recorded. We found a negative deflection following corrected errors that peaked at 200–240 ms after the error. We refer to this negativity in the ERP waveform as correction‐related negativity (CoRN). We assume that the correction‐related negativity reflects evaluative functions of the motor system necessary for error corrections. ERN latency and amplitude were modulated by the occurrence and temporal characteristics of immediate corrections. These results are discussed within the framework of current models of performance monitoring.
The influence of hydration status on stress‐induced hemoconcentration
Authors: Veldhuijzen Van Zanten Jet J.C.S. , Thrall Graham , Wasche Dean , Carroll Douglas , Ring Christopher 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis study examined the effects of hydration status on rheological and hemodynamic activity during rest, mental stress, postural stress, and combined mental/postural stress in 24 men when euhydrated and hyperhydrated. The stress tasks elicited hemoconcentration, although the effects were less pronounced during mental stress. Hyperhydration was associated with higher plasma volume throughout. All stress tasks also perturbed hemodynamic activity, irrespective of hydration status, with the exception of heart rate reactivity, which was attenuated when hyperhydrated. As expected the combined stress during euhydration was associated with an unfavorable rheological and cardiovascular profile, which may help explain the increased incidence of cardiovascular events in the morning.
Nine polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Neotropical electric eel Eigenmannia (Teleostei: Gymnotiformes)
Authors: MOYSÉS C. B. , MOCKFORD S. , ALMEIDA‐TOLEDO L. F. , WRIGHT J. M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTen microsatellite loci were isolated from a species of the Neotropical electric eel, Eigenmannia, a genus of freshwater fish characterized by small populations and low vagility. Nine microsatellites were polymorphic, the number of alleles ranging from seven to 27, and values of observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.327 to 0.741. These loci were developed for population genetic studies of Eigenmannia sp. 2, however, cross‐amplification carried out with other species of this genus as well as other Gymnotiformes genera indicate that these molecular markers are also potentially useful for population‐level studies in closely related species.
Tetranucleotide microsatellites for aquila and haliaeetus eagles
Authors: BUSCH JOSEPH D. , KATZNER TODD E. , BRAGIN EVGENY , KEIM PAUL. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA unique community of four syntopic eagle species exists in north‐central Kazakhstan. Questions about behaviour and genetics in these four species would benefit from the development of microsatellite markers. We isolated eight polymorphic microsatellite repeats (AAAG)n from the eastern imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca) genome using a hybridization enrichment technique. These loci revealed moderate diversity in a local population of eastern imperial eagles (observed heterozygosity 0.26–0.78), and were also polymorphic in steppe eagles (A. nipalensis) and white‐tailed sea eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla). These primers may be polymorphic in other species of Aquila and Haliaeetus eagles.
Characterization of microsatellite markers in the mosquito Ochlerotatus caspius (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: PORRETTA D. , BELLINI R. , URBANELLI S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSeven polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for the mosquito species Ochlerotatus caspius, using an enriched genomic library. The number of alleles per locus varied between two and 11; the expected heterozygosity (HE) ranged from 0.18 to 0.77. These microsatellite primers should prove useful for population genetic studies of this mosquito species.
hierfstat, a package for r to compute and test hierarchical F‐statistics
Authors: GOUDET JÉRÔME 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe package hierfstat for the statistical software r, created by the R Development Core Team, allows the estimate of hierarchical F‐statistics from a hierarchy with any numbers of levels. In addition, it allows testing the statistical significance of population differentiation for these different levels, using a generalized likelihood‐ratio test. The package hierfstat is available at http://www.unil.ch/popgen/softwares/hierfstat.htm.
Phylomatic: tree assembly for applied phylogenetics
Authors: WEBB CAMPBELL O. , DONOGHUE MICHAEL J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPhylomatic (http://www.phylodiversity.net/phylomatic) is an online phylogenetic query tool where users submit a list of taxa (e.g. from an ecological community), with modern family and genus names, and which returns a phylogenetic hypothesis for the relationships among taxa. Any set of stored phylogenies, or a user‐supplied one, can be chosen as the basis for the returned phylogeny, and several output formats for the tree can be selected. Currently, the source databases cover seed plants.
Polymorphic microsatellite markers in polyploid Lepidium draba L. ssp. draba (Brassicaceae) and cross‐species amplification in closely related taxa
Authors: BON M.‐C. , HURARD C. , GASKIN J. , RISTERUCCI A.‐M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractHeart‐podded hoary cress, Lepidium draba L. ssp. draba (Brassicaceae) is a noxious invasive weed in the USA. At present, efficient biological control of this Eurasian native weed in the USA is hampered by lack of knowledge of its population genetic structure and colonization process. Here, we describe the development of 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers that also reveal the polyploidy of this weed. Successful cross‐species amplification highlights the possibility of using these markers for genetic studies in other closely related species.
Isolation of polymorphic microsatellite markers from the malaria vector Anopheles marajoara (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: LI CONG , WILKERSON RICHARD C. , FONSECA DINA M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMicrosatellite‐containing regions were isolated and characterized in Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) marajoara, a primary vector of malaria parasites in northeastern Amazonia, Brazil. An enrichment protocol yielded 500 positive clones. We designed primers to amplify 40 unique microsatellites, 11 of which amplified cleanly and were polymorphic. A survey of 323 individuals showed that these loci are highly variable with the number of alleles ranging from 11 to 52, and expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.64 to 0.95. These markers will be useful for studies of population structure and intraspecific variation in A. marajoara.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the tetraploid birch, Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa
Authors: TRUONG C. , PALMÉ A. E. , FELBER F. , NACIRI‐GRAVEN Y. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe mountain birch, Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa is a tetraploid tree species which forms the tree limit in northern Fennoscandia. We identified nine polymorphic microsatellite loci in order to characterize the genetic structure of populations at different elevations close to the treeline. The microsatellite loci were highly polymorphic, with 14–42 alleles per locus and an average expected heterozygosity of 0.73 ± 0.25 under random chromosome segregation and 0.68 ± 0.23 under random chromatid segregation.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the codling moth Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)
Authors: FRANCK PIERRE , GUÉRIN FABIEN , LOISEAU ANNE , SAUPHANOR BENOÎT 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTwenty‐four microsatellite markers were isolated using an enrichment protocol in Cydia pomonella, the major Lepidopteran pest in apple orchards. Twenty‐two loci turned out to be polymorphic (four to 23 alleles per loci). Only four of these loci cross‐amplified and are potentially polymorphic in some other Tortricid pests such as Cydia molesta, Cydia lobarzewsky and Lobesia botrana. The description of these 24 loci makes microsatellite‐based population genetic studies feasible in C. pomonella.
Polymorphic microsatellite loci from the western corn rootworm (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and cross‐amplification with other Diabrotica spp
Authors: KIM KYUNG SEOK , SAPPINGTON THOMAS W. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCorn rootworms (Diabrotica spp.) make up the major insect pest complex of corn in the US and Europe, and there is a need for molecular markers for genetics studies. We used an enrichment strategy to develop microsatellite markers from the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera). Of 54 loci isolated, 25 were polymorphic, and of these, 17 were surveyed for variability in 59 wild individuals. In addition, the potential for cross‐amplification of these microsatellites was surveyed for Mexican, northern, and southern corn rootworms. Nine microsatellite loci showed Mendelian inheritance and are likely to be useful in population genetics studies.
Analysis of major histocompatibility complex class II gene in water voles using capillary electrophoresis‐single stranded conformation polymorphism
Authors: BRYJA J. , GALAN M. , CHARBONNEL N. , COSSON J.‐F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAnalysis of a single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) using capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a novel method to study polymorphism of DNA sequences in large scale population studies. We optimized CE‐SSCP analysis to study the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II alpha gene (DQA) polymorphism. Short‐chain linear polyacrylamide (6%) as sieving matrix, TrisCl (pH 8.5) as buffer for sample dilution, and 27 °C, 9 kV as electrophoresis parameters were suitable for sufficient resolution of all alleles. We found that almost 25% of clones contained a PCR (polymerase chain reaction) artefact and strict criteria have to be applied when using cloning and sequencing to analyse the allelic diversity of MHC genes.
Polymorphic microsatellites for the study of newly established populations of the gastropod Cyclope neritea
Authors: SIMON‐BOUHET BENOÎT , DAGUIN CLAIRE , GARCIA‐MEUNIER PASCALE , VIARD FRÉDÉRIQUE 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBoth human‐mediated introductions and climatic changes may promote the settlement of species in new areas outside of their natural geographical range. To investigate the settlement of recently established populations of the neogastropod Cyclope neritea, we developed eight microsatellite markers. Their usefulness was studied in two native populations previously found to be monomorphic with mitochondrial markers. The eight loci were found to be polymorphic in both populations, with two to 18 alleles per locus. This result shows promise for these loci in studies of recently founded populations of C. neritea.
Characterization of 28 microsatellite loci for the butterfly Bicyclus anynana
Authors: VAN'T HOF A. E. , ZWAAN B. J. , SACCHERI I. J. , DALY D. , BOT A. N. M. , BRAKEFIELD P. M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe present 28 polymorphic microsatellite loci, including a sex‐linked W‐chromosome marker, for the Afrotropical butterfly, Bicyclus anynana. Our primary motivation to develop these markers was to apply them in quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping studies. A technique is also proposed that may be useful in avoiding redundant sequences which are common in lepidopteran‐enriched libraries. Pedigree analysis was performed to test Mendelian segregation of the markers and to address the issue of null alleles.
Dinucleotide microsatellite DNA loci from the ant Myrmica scabrinodis
Authors: ZEISSET INGA , EBSEN JON R. , BOOMSMA JACOBUS J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe describe the isolation and characterization of five dinucleotide microsatellite loci in the ant Myrmica scabrinodis, which were obtained using a magnetic bead hybridization selection protocol. The PCR primers were tested on nine to 11 individuals. The number of alleles ranged from two to 13, and the observed heterozygosity from 0.200 to 0.778.
Microsatellite markers for the large blue butterflies Maculinea nausithous and Maculinea alcon (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) and their amplification in other Maculinea species
Authors: ZEISSET INGA , DAMM ALS THOMAS , SETTELE JOSEF , BOOMSMA JACOBUS J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe developed microsatellite markers for Maculinea nausithous and Maculinea alcon, two of five species of endangered large blue butterflies found in Europe. Two separate microsatellite libraries were constructed. Eleven markers were developed for M. nausithous and one for M. alcon. The primers were tested on both species as well as on the three other European Maculinea species. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 14. These markers will be useful tools for population genetic studies of Maculinea species.
Cross‐amplification of polymorphic microsatellites reveals extra‐pair paternity and brood parasitism in Sturnus vulgaris
Authors: LOYAU A. , MOUREAU B. , RICHARD M. , CHRISTE P. , HEEB P. , SORCI G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe tested the cross‐amplification of 37 microsatellites in a population of starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Twenty‐three of them amplified and five exhibited a large number of alleles per locus and high heterozygosity (on average: 14.6 alleles/locus and HE = 0.704). We assessed the occurrence of extra‐pair paternity (EPP) and intraspecific brood parasitism (IBP) in this population. The EPP rate was 16% to 18% offspring from 43% to 45% of nests. IBP was very variable between two successive years (14% to 27% chicks from 25% to 64% of clutches). These five polymorphic markers will be of potential use in studies of genetic diversity, population structure and reproductive strategy of this species.