bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupation and risk of stomach cancer in Poland
Authors: Krstev S , Dosemeci M , Lissowska J , Chow W-H , Zatonski W , Ward M H 
Published: April 2005

Background:In spite of the dramatic decline in the incidence of stomach cancer in the twentieth century, Poland has one of the highest rates in the world.Aims:To evaluate the risk of stomach cancer by grouped occupations and industries, as well as by some specific occupational exposures.Methods:Cases (n = 443) were newly diagnosed with stomach adenocarcinomas between 1994 and 1996. Controls (n = 479) were randomly selected from the general population in Warsaw.Results:Only a few occupations and industries were associated with significantly increased risks of stomach cancer. The most suggestive finding was for work in the leather goods industry. Risk was also significantly increased among men working in fabricated metal production and among women ever employed as managers and governmental officials. Men ever employed as teaching professionals and women employed as technical and science professionals had significantly decreased risks of stomach cancer. Among men, a significant positive trend in risk with duration of employment was observed for work in the leather industry and special trade construction. No significantly increased risks were observed for specific exposures assessed by a job-exposure matrix or by self-reports. However among men there were non-significantly increased risks with 10 or more years exposure to asbestos, metal dust, and nitrosamines assessed by a job-exposure matrix.Conclusions:Employment in the leather goods industry, special trade construction, and metal fabrication was associated with an increased risk of stomach cancer among men. However, there were only weak associations with specific exposures. Occupational exposures do not contribute substantially to the high rates of stomach cancer in Poland.
Poisson regression analysis of ungrouped data
Authors: Loomis D , Richardson D B , Elliott L 
Published: April 2005

Background:Poisson regression is routinely used for analysis of epidemiological data from studies of large occupational cohorts. It is typically implemented as a grouped method of data analysis in which all exposure and covariate information is categorised and person-time and events are tabulated.Aims:To describe an alternative approach to Poisson regression analysis using single units of person-time without grouping.Methods:Data for simulated and empirical cohorts were analysed by Poisson regression. In analyses of simulated data, effect estimates derived via Poisson regression without grouping were compared to those obtained under proportional hazards regression. Analyses of empirical data for a cohort of 138 900 electrical workers were used to illustrate how the ungrouped approach may be applied in analyses of actual occupational cohorts.Results:Using simulated data, Poisson regression analyses of ungrouped person-time data yield results equivalent to those obtained via proportional hazards regression: the results of both methods gave unbiased estimates of the “true” association specified for the simulation. Analyses of empirical data confirm that grouped and ungrouped analyses provide identical results when the same models are specified. However, bias may arise when exposure-response trends are estimated via Poisson regression analyses in which exposure scores, such as category means or midpoints, are assigned to grouped data.Conclusions:Poisson regression analysis of ungrouped person-time data is a useful tool that can avoid bias associated with categorising exposure data and assigning exposure scores, and facilitate direct assessment of the consequences of exposure categorisation and score assignment on regression results.
Infectious Complications of Central Venous Catheters Increase the Risk of Catheter-Related Thrombosis in Hematology Patients: A Prospective Study
Authors: van Rooden Cornelis J. , Schippers Emile F. , Barge Renée M.Y. , Rosendaal Frits R. , Guiot Henri F.L. , van der Meer Felix J.M. , Meinders A. Edo , Huisman Menno V. 
Published: April 2005

Purpose We studied whether the risk of central venous catheter (CVC) -related thrombosis increased after an episode of CVC-related infection in patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy. Secondly, we determined whether thrombosis can be predicted or excluded by CVC lock fluid surveillance cultures. Patients and Methods In a prospective setting, 105 consecutive patients were carefully examined for CVC-related infection and thrombosis. In all patients, microbial surveillance cultures of CVC lock fluid were taken every other day. All patients with clinical suspicion of CVC-related thrombosis underwent Doppler ultrasound or additional venography. Results The cumulative incidence of CVC-related infection was 24% (25 of 105 patients). Clinically manifest thrombosis occurred in 13 (12%) of 105 patients. In patients with CVC-related infection, the risk of thrombosis increased markedly in comparison to those without infection (relative risk, 17.6; 95% CI, 4.1 to 74.1). In patients having two or more positive subsequent CVC lock fluid cultures with identical micro-organisms, 71.4% developed thrombosis, as compared with 3.3% in patients with negative or a single positive culture. Conclusion The risk of clinically manifest thrombosis is increased after an episode of CVC-related infection in patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy. Surveillance culturing of CVC lock fluid may be clinically useful in estimating the risk for thrombosis and the instigation of focused early intervention.
Familial Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Syndrome: Phenotypic and Molecular Features in a Kindred
Authors: Li Frederick P. , Fletcher Jonathan A. , Heinrich Michael C. , Garber Judy E. , Sallan Stephen E. , Curiel-Lewandrowski Clara , Duensing Anette , van de Rijn Matt , Schnipper Lowell E. , Demetri George D. 
Published: April 2005

PurposeMembers of a family with hereditary gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and a germline KIT oncogene mutation were evaluated for other potential syndrome manifestations. A tumor from the proband was analyzed to compare features with sporadic GISTs.Patients and MethodsMembers of a kindred in which six relatives in four consecutive generations comprised an autosomal dominant pattern of documented GISTs and cutaneous lesions underwent physical examination, imaging studies, and germline KIT analysis. A recurrent GIST from the proband was studied using microarray, karyotypic, immunohistochemical, and immunoblotting techniques.ResultsIn addition to evidence of multiple GISTs, lentigines, malignant melanoma, and an angioleiomyoma were identified in relatives. A previously reported gain-of-function missense mutation in KIT exon 11 (T → C) that results in a V559A substitution within the juxtamembrane domain was identified in three family members. The proband's recurrent gastric GIST had a 44,XY−14,−22 karyotype and immunohistochemical evidence of strong diffuse cytoplasmic KIT expression without expression of actin, desmin, or S-100. Immunoblotting showed strong expression of phosphorylated KIT and downstream signaling intermediates (AKT and MAPK) at levels comparable with those reported in sporadic GISTs. cDNA array profiling demonstrated clustering with sporadic GISTs, and expression of GIST markers comparable to sporadic GISTs.ConclusionThese studies provide the first evidence that gene expression and mechanisms of cytogenetic progression and cell signaling are indistinguishable in familial and sporadic GISTs. Current investigations of molecularly targeted therapies in GIST patients provide opportunities to increase the understanding of features of the hereditary syndrome, and risk factors and molecular pathways of the neoplastic phenotypes.
Electrical Impedance Scanning for the Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Young Women: Preliminary Results of a Multicenter Prospective Clinical Trial
Authors: Stojadinovic Alexander , Nissan Aviram , Gallimidi Zahava , Lenington Sarah , Logan Wende , Zuley Margarita , Yeshaya Arieh , Shimonov Mordechai , Melloul Moshe , Fields Scott , Allweis Tanir , Ginor Ron , Gur David , Shriver Craig D. 
Published: April 2005

PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility and patient satisfaction with electrical impedance scanning (EIS) for early detection of breast cancer in young women.MethodsWomen undergoing screening clinical breast examination, imaging, or biopsy were eligible for EIS examination with T-Scan 2000ED (Mirabel Medical Systems, Austin, TX). Multiple logistic regression analysis evaluated the association between clinical variables and EIS performance. Patients completed a screening EIS satisfaction questionnaire (1 = least satisfied to 5 = most satisfied).ResultsTwenty-nine cancers were identified among 1,103 women. Sixty-six percent (19 of 29) of cancers were nonpalpable and 55% (16 of 29) were in women age ≤ 50 years. EIS sensitivity and specificity in women younger than 40 years was 50% and 90%, respectively. Exogenous estrogen use (P < .001) and menopausal status (P = .007) correlated significantly with EIS performance. False-positive rates were increased in postmenopausal women and those taking exogenous hormones. No correlation was evident between EIS performance and family history, prior breast cancer, breast density, or palpability. EIS-positive women younger than age 40 were 4.5 times more likely to have breast carcinoma than were women randomly selected from the general population. Patients were highly satisfied with the comfort, speed, and reporting of EIS screening (mean score, 4.8).ConclusionEIS seems promising for early detection of breast cancer, and identification of young women at increased risk for having the disease at time of screening. Positive EIS-associated breast cancer risk compares favorably with relative risks of conditions commonly used to justify early breast cancer screening. Patients are satisfied with a screening paradigm involving breast EIS.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Aprepitant for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Patients With Breast Cancer After Moderately Emetogenic Chemotherapy
Authors: Warr David G. , Hesketh Paul J. , Gralla Richard J. , Muss Hyman B. , Herrstedt Jørn , Eisenberg Peter D. , Raftopoulos Harry , Grunberg Steven M. , Gabriel Munir , Rodgers Anthony , Bohidar Norman , Klinger George , Hustad Carolyn M. , Horgan Kevin J. , Skobieranda Franck 
Published: April 2005

Purpose This is the first study in which the NK1-receptor antagonist, aprepitant (APR), was evaluated for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) with moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Patients and Methods Eligible breast cancer patients were naive to emetogenic chemotherapy and treated with cyclophosphamide ± doxorubicin or epirubicin. Patients were randomly assigned to either an aprepitant regimen (day 1, APR 125 mg, ondansetron (OND) 8 mg, and dexamethasone 12 mg before chemotherapy and OND 8 mg 8 hours later; days 2 through 3, APR 80 qd) or a control regimen (day 1, OND 8 mg and dexamethasone 20 mg before chemotherapy and OND 8 mg 8 hours later; days 2 through 3, OND 8 mg bid). Data on nausea, vomiting, and use of rescue medication were collected with a self-report diary. The primary efficacy end point was the proportion of patients with complete response, defined as no vomiting and no use of rescue therapy, during 120 hours after initiation of chemotherapy in cycle 1. The secondary end point was the proportion of patients with an average item score higher than 6 of 7 on the Functional Living Index–Emesis questionnaire. Results Of 866 patients randomized, 857 patients (99%) were assessable. Overall complete response was greater with the aprepitant regimen than with the control regimen (50.8% v 42.5%; P = .015). More patients in the aprepitant group reported minimal or no impact of CINV on daily life (63.5% v 55.6%; P = .019). Both treatments were generally well tolerated. Conclusion The aprepitant regimen was more effective than the control regimen for prevention of CINV in patients receiving both an anthracycline and cyclophosphamide.
Visualization of Immunoassay Based on a Spot Test and Its Application to C-reactive Protein
Authors: Morita Keisuke , Kaneko Emiko , Tsuda Tomohide , Yoshimura Hajime 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
A simple and rapid spot test for visual immunoassay based on latex immunoturbidimetry has been developed. A cationic dye, Ethyl Violet, was used as a labeling agent to bind to bovine serum albumin on latex particle surface. When a 10 μL sample solution is set on a hydrophilic polytetrafluoroethylene membrane film, a blue ring-shaped stain is formed on the film surface. This method has been successfully applied to C-reactive protein.
Active and Reusable Catalyst in the Friedel–Crafts Alkylation Derived from a Heteropoly Acid
Authors: Okumura Kazu , Yamashita Katsuhiko , Hirano Miho , Niwa Miki 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
The H3PO4–WO3–Nb2O5 derived catalyst exhibited excellent activity and reusability in the benzylation of anisole at low temperature. On the basis of the XRD and IR data, the oxide derived from heteropoly acid was ascribed to the active and insoluble species in the reaction. It was found that the calcination temperature was the key factor in the generation of active species.
Preparation and Properties of Conjugated Polymers Containing 1,2-Diaryl-3,4-bis[(2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl)phosphinidene]cyclobutene Units
Authors: Kawasaki Subaru , Ujita Junichi , Toyota Kozo , Yoshifuji Masaaki 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Conjugated polymers containing sterically protected 1,2-di(2-thienyl)-3,4-diphosphinidenecyclobutene units were prepared and their properties were investigated. Red shifts of the polymers were observed, compared to the corresponding monomeric species, which indicates extension of the π system on polymerization.
Molecular mechanisms of RNAi: Implications for development and disease
Authors: Rao Meenakshi , Sockanathan Shanthini 
Published: April 2005

AbstractResearch over the past few years has led to dramatic new discoveries on the role of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) in the cell. RNA duplexes have been shown to orchestrate epigenetic changes, repress translation, and direct mRNA degradation in a sequence‐specific manner. These diverse effects of dsRNA on gene expression have been termed RNA interference (RNAi). In addition to playing a role in viral defense and silencing transposons, RNAi also has a critical function in a number of developmental processes in the embryo. In this review, we explore these roles and discuss the molecular mechanisms behind dsRNA‐mediated gene silencing. Further, we address the use of RNAi as a tool to study gene function in biology, and as a strategy for treating human disease. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 75:28–42, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence in patients with previous partial spinal injury including disc prolapse
Authors: Jarrett M E D , Matzel K E , Christiansen J , Baeten C G M I , Rosen H , Bittorf B , Stösser M , Madoff R , Kamm M A 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

Background
This study examined the use of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) to treat faecal incontinence in patients with partial spinal injury.

Methods
Patients selected for SNS had experienced more than one episode of faecal incontinence per week to liquid or solid stool for more than 1 year and had failed maximal conservative treatment. All patients had an intact external anal sphincter.

Results
Temporary SNS was performed in 13 patients (median age 58·5 (range 39–73) years). The spinal insults were disc prolapse (six), trauma (four), spinal stenosis (one) or occurred during neurosurgery (two). Twelve patients (eight women and four men) had successful temporary stimulation and proceeded to permanent implantation. The median follow-up time was 12 (range 6–24) months. The mean(s.d.) number of episodes of incontinence decreased from 9·33(7·64) per week at baseline to 2·39(3·69) at last follow-up (P = 0·012). The number of days per week with incontinence and staining decreased significantly (both P &lt; 0·001). Ability to defer defaecation improved from a median of not being able to defer (range 0–1 min) to being able to defer for 5–15 (range 0 to over 15) min (P = 0·022).

Conclusion
SNS can benefit patients with faecal incontinence following partial spinal injury.
Incidence and prognostic significance of lateral lymph node metastasis in patients with advanced low rectal cancer
Authors: Ueno M , Oya M , Azekura K , Yamaguchi T , Muto T 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

Background
Lateral lymph node metastases occur in some patients with low rectal cancer and may cause local recurrence after total mesorectal excision. The aims of this study were to identify risk factors for lateral node metastases in patients with pathological tumour (pT) stage 3 or pT4 low rectal adenocarcinoma, and to evaluate the prognostic significance of lateral node metastases.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed of the outcome of 237 patients with pT3 or pT4 low rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent R0 resection with systematic lateral node dissection.

Results
Lateral lymph node metastases were found in 41 patients (17·3 per cent). Increased risk of lateral lymph node metastases was associated with a distal tumour margin close to the anal margin, histological type other than well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, and the presence of mesenteric lymph node metastases. Patients with lateral node metastases had a significantly shorter postoperative survival (5-year survival rate 42 versus 71·6 per cent; P &lt; 0·001) and an increased risk of local recurrence (44 versus 11·7 per cent; P &lt; 0·001) compared with those without lateral node metastases.

Conclusion
Tumour site, histological type and the presence of mesenteric lymph node metastasis are factors predicting the risk of lateral node metastasis. The poor prognosis of patients with lateral lymph node metastases after systematic lateral dissection suggests the need for adjuvant therapy.
Crystal structure, thermal behavior and IR investigation of 1,6‐diammonium hexan dihydrogenodiphosphate dihydrate
Authors: Charfi M. , Jouini A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPhysicochemical properties of (C6H18N2)H2P2O7·2H2O denoted DHDP are discussed on the basis of X‐ray crystal structure investigation. The compound crystallises in the triclinic system with P$\bar1$ space group. Its unit cell dimensions are a = 13.719(1) Å, b = 14.188(3) Å, c = 9.177(1) Å, α = 108.50(1)°, β = 91.11(1)°, γ = 115.47(1)°, V = 1503.8(4) Å3 and Z = 4. The structure has been solved using direct methods and refined to a reliability R factor 0.0401 for 4778 reflections. The main feature of the atomic arrangement of DHDP is the existence of infinite rows, parallel to the c direction of the unit cell, composed of H2P2O7 groups. These phosphoric rows are organised to create, with the help of the organic cation, large rectangular channels in which the unstable water molecule are located since they have high thermal parameters. Phosphoric anions and organic cations have no internal symmetry. DSC and TG‐DTA show that dehydration occurs in one step. Such dehydration process may be related to the similar environments on the water molecules residing in the channel. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Some New Nazarov Chemistry
Authors: Tius Marcus A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe Nazarov cyclization is a 4π‐electron conrotatory cyclization of a pentadienyl cation that leads to a five‐membered ring, typically a cyclopentenone. Because the mechanism is well defined, it is often possible to make accurate and useful stereochemical predictions regarding the course of the reaction. Because the reaction intermediates are carbocations, it is also possible to devise tandem processes whereby the initial cyclization is followed by one or more C–C bond forming processes. In recent years, a number of advances have been made in the asymmetric version of the Nazarov cyclization, adding to its usefulness in total synthesis. It is the goal of this review to introduce the reader to some of the newer methodological advances roughly spanning the past ten years, and to do so within a mechanistic framework. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The essential oil of the fruit of Garcinia huillensis Welw. ex. Oliv. from Zimbabwe
Authors: Chagonda Lameck S. , Chalchat Jean‐Claude 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe edible fruits of Garcinia huillensis Welw. ex. Oliv. growing wild in the Gutu and Rusape areas of Zimbabwe were collected, hydrodistilled and examined by GC–MS for essential oil composition. The main components from the fruit collected from the Rasa area, Gutu, were α‐humulene (23.0%), valencene (18.2%), β‐caryophyllene (12.6%), caryophyllene oxide (6.3%) and δ‐selinene (5.0%). The Rusape oil contained β‐caryophyllene (53.9%), α‐humulene (10.1%) and valencene (4.0%) as the major components. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advanced and innovative chromatographic techniques for the study of citrus essential oils
Authors: Dugo Giovanni , Tranchida Peter Quinto , Cotroneo Antonella , Dugo Paola , Bonaccorsi Ivana , Marriott Philip , Shellie Robert , Mondello Luigi 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA brief description is given of advanced chromatographic techniques currently employed in citrus essential oil analysis (the interactive use of linear retention indices and MS spectra probability matching in GC–MS; on‐line ‘heart cutting’ multidimensional chromatographic techniques, comprehensive GC and LC; fast GC and GC–MS; fast HPLC; HPLC–MS). A series of applications are reported, demonstrating both the valid and the potential of these methods. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A region on human chromosome 4 (q35.1→qter) induces senescence in cell hybrids and is involved in cervical carcinogenesis
Authors: Backsch Claudia , Rudolph Bettina , Kühne‐Heid Rosemarie , Kalscheuer Vera , Bartsch Oliver , Jansen Lars , Beer Katrin , Meyer Birgit , Schneider Achim , Dürst Matthias 
Published: April 2005

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 are known to play a major role in cervical carcinogenesis. Additional genetic alterations are required for the development and progression of cervical cancer. Previously, we showed that the introduction of an entire human chromosome 4 into HPV‐immortalized cells by microcell‐mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT) can induce senescence in cell hybrids. In the present study, we established eight new murine donor cell lines harboring different fragments of the human chromosome 4. These were tested for their ability to induce senescence by MMCT into HPV16‐immortalized keratinocytes (HPK II) and cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa). By exclusion, we could identify a region for a putative senescence gene or genes at 4q35.1→qter. Further evidence that this locus may be involved in cervical carcinogenesis was obtained by studying sections of high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN2/3) and cervical cancers from 87 women using a combination of interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (I‐FISH) and microsatellite PCR. I‐FISH indicated copy number loss at 4q34→qter. Microsatellite analysis showed that loss of one or more alleles at chromosome 4 was more frequent in the cervical carcinomas than in the CINs. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) affected four areas, D4S412 (4p16.3), D4S2394 (4q28.2), D4S3041 (4q32.3), and D4S408 (4q35.1), and was highest at D4S408. LOH at terminal 4q has been reported previously for cervical carcinomas and other human malignancies. This is the first report associating allelic loss at 4q34→qter with high‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical carcinoma, and the first experimental evidence that this locus or these loci can induce senescence in cervical carcinoma cells and HPV16‐immortalized cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.