bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of intraoperative limb length measurement by cautery lead to reduce limb length discrepancies in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Sahu Vaibhav , Lakhwani Om Prakash 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Limb length discrepancy (LLD) is one of the important causes of poor functional outcomes after total hip arthroplasty and may result in back pain, neuritis, dislocation of hip, early loosening of components, and abnormal gait. The incidence of LLD after hip replacement ranges from 1% to 27%. Many sophisticated methods have been tried by researchers but still, there is no single method that can reduce the LLD to absolute zero. Hence, our study used an easy and effective intraoperative method of measuring limb length by using cautery lead, which reduces LLD significantly.

Objective:
To evaluate and compare the intra-operative limb length measurement by cautery lead with pre-operative and post-operative limb length by clinical and radiological method.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective study, which was conducted on 35 patients from 2020 to 2022. Patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty for various indications are included in the study. Intraoperatively limb length measurement was done with the help of cautery lead. Any correction needed as calculated earlier by preoperative measurement by clinical and radiological methods were taken care of during surgery and compared postoperatively.

Results:
In our study, we found that the mean preoperative LLD was −12.8 mm (range, −35 to 0 mm), which reduces to mean postoperative LLD of −1 mm (range, −10 to 14 mm) with a P value of less than 0.0001, which shows that LLD reduces after the procedure, and it was statistically significant.

Conclusion:
This method significantly reduces LLD after total hip arthroplasty, and it is unique because this intraoperative technique is simple, easy, inexpensive, effective, and quick to perform.
Assessment of salivary levels of ErbB2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jayarajkumar Sujithaa , Ramamoorthi Raghini , Muniapillai Sivakumar , Gopalakrishnan Sivakumar , Jayaseelan Vijayashree Priyadharshini 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
Oral cancer is the sixth-most common cancer globally. The survival rate of oral cancer is 5 years, depending on the stage it is diagnosed. To diagnose in the early stage, specialised tumour markers may assist and also help in improving the survival rate of oral cancer. ErbB2 is a transmembrane cell surface receptor required in signal transduction and an essential part of signalling pathways that take part in controlling the basic cellular processes like cell cycle, migration, metabolism and survival, besides cellular proliferation and differentiation. It is over-expressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and is directly proportional to the poor prognosis, as it is expressed at a very low concentration in a healthy individual. Due to this, ErbB2 could be used as a diagnostic marker in OSCC. Nowadays, the search for tumour expression in the saliva with the use of salivary biomarkers could aid in the diagnosis of the OSSC.

Aim and Objectives:
To assess the expression of ErbB2 in the saliva of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma by correlating the ErbB2 level in the disease group with the healthy group. To determine the diagnostic significance of ErbB2 in OSCC.

Materials and Methods:
The study comprises 20 salivary samples from OSCC patients and 20 salivary samples from healthy individuals. The salivary level of ErbB2 was estimated using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. To analyse the data, SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Released 2019) is used. The significance level is fixed at 5% (α = 0.05). P value <0.05 is considered to be statistically significant. To compare the mean values of mean and concentration, an unpaired/independent sample t-test was used.

Results:
The mean age of OSCC and control were found to be 57 ± 8.13 and 26.6 ± 1.51, respectively. The mean age was compared between OSCC and control by the Chi-square test, and the P value was <0.01, which was found to be statistically significant. The salivary levels of ErbB2 in the OSCC and control groups were measured by an unpaired sample t-test. The mean salivary ErbB2 level in the OSCC group is 3.20 ng/ml ± 0.57, and in the control group, it is 2.43 ng/ml ± 0.13. When a pairwise comparison of ErbB2 concentration was performed between OSCC and control, it showed a statistically significant difference with a P value of 0.007, which is P < 0.05.

Conclusion:
The present study has demonstrated an increased salivary expression of ErbB2 in OSCC patients when compared to healthy individuals. This suggests that ErbB2 could aid in the diagnosis of OSCC and could be used as a diagnostic marker in the early detection of oral cancer, a finding that has to be further established with a larger sample size.
Evaluation of USP22 and Ki-67 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Apoorva Chelikani Chaitra , Ananthaneni Anuradha , Kumar A. Jagadeesh , Guduru Vijay Srinivas , Puneeth H K 
Published: December 2023

Background and Aim:
USP22 is a positive regulator in tumor growth, its depletion leads to cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. USP22 over expression was positively correlated with proteins involved in proliferation and negatively correlated with tumor suppressor protein tumor supprn. Ki-67 expression is associated with USP22 over expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and also in cervical and prostate cancers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of USP22 and Ki-67 in OSCC by using an immunohistochemical staining procedure.

Materials and Methods:
Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of USP22 protein in 50 archival tissue blocks of histopathologically diagnosed OSCC and 15 normal oral mucosa tissue blocks. The histopathological correlation of USP22 with Ki-67 was done.

Results:
Expression of USP22 and Ki-67 was seen in the nuclei of epithelial cells. Statistical analysis of the mean expression of USP22 in OSCC and normal tissue showed a significant difference (P = 0.000000119). A significant difference was also observed in Ki-67 between OSCC and normal tissue (P = 0.00000086). Correlation test showed a weak correlation (R = 0.19) between USP22 and Ki-67 expression of group 1. Similarly, a weak correlation (R = 0.51) was observed in group 2.

Conclusion:
A statistically significant difference in the expression of USP22 and Ki-67 was observed between normal mucosa and OSCC. It can be used in early diagnosis of OSCC but its use as a prognostic indicator is questionable and should be exemplified with a larger study sample.
Immunohistochemical expression of paxillin in ameloblastoma and odontogenic keratocyst: An observational study
Authors: Singh Arunima , Astekar Madhusudan S. , Sapra Gaurav , Agarwal Ashutosh , Murari Aditi 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are found on the surface of all cells, where they allow dynamic processes to take place. These include cadherins, integrins, selectins and Immunoglobulin superfamily. Directly associated with β-integrin tails is a multidomain protein known as paxillin. However, CAMs participate in cell-cell and extracellular matrix-cell interactions during histomorphogenesis in the various phases of odontogenesis. Some tumours or cysts like ameloblastoma (AB) or odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) having odontogenic origin show disturbance in the interaction of these CAMs. Hence, the assessment of paxillin expression in AB and OKC was carried out.

Materials and Methods:
The present observational study comprised 30 clinically and histologically confirmed cases of AB and OKC. All the slides were stained immunohistochemically using a paxillin antibody.

Results:
Upon comparison of staining intensity of paxillin among AB and OKC showed statistically significant result, whereas quantitative staining and final summation showed non-significant result. Gender-wise comparison of paxillin staining intensity, quantitative staining and final summation among OKC showed significant result; however, in AB, staining intensity showed non-significant result, whereas quantitative staining and final summation showed significant result.

Conclusion:
Paxillin has the greatest influence on tissue morphogenesis and development. The regulation of cell mobility is aided by the multiple roles that paxillin plays in a range of cells and tissues. However, further studies using a large sample size, along with other molecular analytical methods, may be essential to draw a definite conclusion about the association of paxillin and its exact function in OKC and AB.
Determination of Barr bodies in Transgender Patients in India – A comparative study
Authors: Lakshmi Aishwarya , James Amritha , Annasamy Rameshkumar , Krishnan Rajkumar 
Published: December 2023

Sex determination in forensic medicine is considered one of the first and foremost steps in personal identification. The need for identifying the exact sex of the individual arises when deciding whether a person can exercise certain civil rights reserved for one particular sex, for competing in sex-specific athletic and sports events, legitimacy, divorce, paternity disputes and also to some criminal offenses. Nuclear sexing by Barr body examination can be done using buccal smears to establish the sex of the individual when routine methods fail to disclose the exact gender of the individual.

Aim:
To determine and compare the Barr bodies present in exfoliated buccal epithelial cells in males, females and transgender populations using light and fluorescence microscopy.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 90 patients were recruited for the study. Group I consisted of 30 female patients. Group II consisted of 30 male patients and group III consisted of 30 transgender patients. The buccal mucosa was then scraped using a wooden spatula and the cells obtained were fixed in 95% ethanol. Two smears per individual were made and stained. One smear was stained with papanicolaou (PAP) stain and the other with Acridine orange and viewed under light microscopy and fluorescent microscopy, respectively.

Results:
When PAP stained slides were examined, the percentage of Barr-bodies in females ranged from 3% to 5% and in males it was 0% and in transgenders, it ranged from 0% to 5%. In Acridine orange stained smears, the percentage of Barr bodies in females ranged from 1% to 3% and in males it was 0% and in transgenders, it was 0%. Kruskal–Wallis test to study the relation of Barr body percentage in females, males and transgender subjects demonstrated significant differences between the groups (P < 0.001). Wilcoxon signed rank test was done for pairwise comparison, which showed that the distribution of percentage of positive cells in females are statistically significant from males and transgenders (P < 0. 001).

Conclusion:
Nuclear sexing using Barr bodies offers a simple yet effective method for determining the sex of transgender patients which could help them in understanding their gender identity better and diagnose any underlying chromosomal aberration.
An in vitro assessment of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of root repair materials
Authors: Harti Shreya A. , Adarsha M. S. , Meena N. , Priya N. S. , Vijayalakshmi L. , Airsang Akshata J. 
Published: December 2023

Background:
The success of the root-end procedure depends on the regeneration of the functional periodontal attachment system, including the cementum on the resected root-end surface, periodontal ligament (PDL), and alveolar bone. As root end filling materials remain in close contact with live periapical tissues, they may influence the endodontic treatment outcome.

Aim:
To assess and compare the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of three root repair materials, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), endosequence, and geristore in human-cultured periodontal ligament fibroblasts.

Materials and Methods:
Cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblasts of the third passage were used in the study. They were placed in contact with the root repair materials. The cytotoxic effect on PDL fibroblasts was determined by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-tetrazolium bromide) assay after 24 hours and 48 hours intervals. Cell viability was determined using an inverted phase contrast microscope. The genotoxic effect on the periodontal fibroblast cells was determined by comet assay using imaging software.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data were analyzed using Tukey’s multiple comparison test and Dunnett’s multiple test.

Results:
All the test materials showed higher cytotoxicity and genotoxicity at the 48th hour interval with a statistically significant difference from the control group (P < 0.05). MTA was shown to be least cytotoxic and genotoxic to PDL fibroblasts, followed by endosequence root repair material and geristore at 24 hour and 48 hour intervals.

Conclusion:
The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of MTA were the least compared to endosequence and geristore on human-cultured PDL fibroblasts.
Langerhans cell expression in oral submucous fibrosis: An immunohistochemical analysis
Authors: Shafi Shugufta , Anjum Rubeena , Kaur Mandeep , Khajuria Nidhi 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
Langerhans cells (LCs) are dendritic cells (DCs) of the epithelium which play a role in an array of oral lesions from gingivitis to oral cancer. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), a potentially malignant disorder (PMD), is an insidious chronic disease with juxta-epithelial inflammatory changes leading to fibrosis. LCs may play a part in the ongoing inflammatory dysregulation of OSMF.

Objective:
The study was aimed at elucidating the distribution of LCs in varying grades of OSMF.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective study using 18 cases of OSMF, graded using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained section. Immunohistochemistry was performed using polyclonal anti-CD1a antibodies to identify LCs in six cases of normal tissue and 18 samples of OSMF. The distribution of LCs among the various grades and normal mucosa analysed using Student’s t-test.

Results:
LC population in the OSMF was significantly higher when compared to the normal epithelium (p < 0.001). Within the grades, the advanced stage had more LCs than the other stages.

Conclusion:
The increase in LCs might indicate the role of antigenic exposure in turn leading to cell-mediated immunity in OSMF. Thus, the fibrosis in OSMF might have a direct link to LCs.
Personality factors as correlates of aggression in COVID-19-infected individuals’ postrecovery – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Penubarthi Sravanthi , Vatte Vishwak Reddy , Kandrakonda Srinivas , Kamlur Abdullah , Kondapalli Spandana 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant effect not only on physical health but also on one’s psychological health. Global research reveals that one-third of those affected with COVID-19 experience sequelae of psychiatric symptoms, commonly seen as depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. No clear data exist from India on aggression in COVID-19-infected patients during the postillness phase. Hence, we aimed to assess the prevalence of aggression and personality factors associated with aggression in post-COVID individuals.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted in a tertiary institute in South India. One hundred and thirty-four patients, inpatients and outpatients, who recovered from COVID-19 were recruited based on purposive sampling. The data from patients were collected using semi-structured proforma with 59 questions on domains such as sociodemographic profile with clinical parameters, occupational factors, aggression, and personality profile. Standardized rating scales such as the Brief Aggression Questionnaire and Modified Overt Aggression Scale were used to assess aggression, while the Big Five Inventory-10 was used to assess personality profile.

Results:
About 17.9% of the study population had positive scores in one or more of the six components of aggression. Those with aggression had a significantly longer duration recovery period when compared to nonaggressive individuals (P < 0.001). Those with aggression had significantly lower mean scores of agreeableness when compared to the other group (P = 0.01).

Conclusion:
With the fourth wave of COVID-19 on the horizon, psychological issues as a part of COVID sequelae need to be acknowledged. Clinicians should emphasize liaison with psychiatrists during follow-up of COVID-19 patients, to screen for any psychiatric symptoms postillness, thereby enhancing the chances of early detection and management.
Psychiatric manifestations of fahr’s syndrome: Case series
Authors: Kancharla Suresh Reddy , Gunde Surekha 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Fahr’s syndrome is a rare disease with various signs and symptoms, and it is characterized by bilateral basal ganglionic calcification. It can present with neuropsychiatric, extrapyramidal, and cerebellar symptoms. Two cases of Fahr’s syndrome with varied clinical presentations have been reported in this article. Our aim is to highlight the importance of varied presentations of the neurological syndrome and the importance of ruling out the medical causes in them who presented with behavioral symptoms primarily.
A study on nomophobia, perceived parenting style, and psychological distress among university students
Authors: Kuchibhotla Ravikanth , Mohan Deepa , Singisetti Srinivas , Khatoon Murshida , Nukala Srikrishna 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Mobile phone plays a vital role in the era of tremendous technological evolution. Despite its advantages, several psychological, behavioral, and physiological problems are associated with its use. The phenomenon of feeling anxious, agitated, and nervous when the mobile phone is not accessible is termed “nomophobia.” Different parenting styles affect nomophobia levels irrespective of gender, education, and income.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between nomophobia, perceived parenting styles, and psychological distress among college students.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional observational study was done for a sample of 305 students, comprising 108 males and 195 females between the ages of 17–28 years. Correlation and between-group analysis were used.

Results:
Nomophobia was significantly correlated with permissive and authoritarian parenting styles. In contrast, it was not related to authoritative parenting styles. Nomophobia was also significantly associated with psychological distress, anxiety and depression, and social dysfunction.

Conclusion:
Nomophobia correlates with permissive and authoritarian parenting styles, and also psychological issues such as depression and anxiety.
Psychiatric comorbidities in patients with conversion disorder – A longitudinal study
Authors: Sharma Shruti , Halder Ankit , Kumar Kunal , Shahani Roma , Ravindran Navna Panchami , Kulkarni Yogesh , Nagda Parth 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The word conversion refers to the substitution of a somatic symptom for a repressed idea. The conversion disorder indicates the absence of organic disease or disproportionately small disease compared with the complaint.

Methodology:
Ninety-six patients of conversion were screened for psychiatric comorbidities and followed up for a period of 6 months.

Results:
There was significant number of different psychiatric illnesses among the patients and positive correlation also with duration of illness in subsequent follow-ups.

Conclusion:
Our study highlights the significantly high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in patients of conversion disorder in first and follow-up visits with major depressive disorder being the most common one. The propensity to wait for comorbid psychiatric symptoms in conversion disorder to become florid might be unproductive. Early intervention can forestall progression into potentially chronic psychiatric illness.
Exploring grief and loss among COVID-19 orphaned adolescents
Authors: Vranda Mysore Narasimha , Majhi Gobinda , Ajayan Adharsa , Aishu Sowmya 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
In the context of the pandemic, sudden, unanticipated deaths occurring due to COVID-19 are traumatizing for children and left families ill-prepared to navigate psychological consequences.

Aim:
The study aims to explore the impact of the death of loved ones due to COVID-19 on children and adolescents in India.

Methodology:
The study was conducted in Bangalore District of Karnataka using qualitative multiple in-depth case study method with seven children and adolescents who lost their family members due to COVID-19. The convenience sampling technique was adopted to collect the data.

Results:
The results revealed persistent sadness, yearning for the loved ones who passed away, feeling of guilt, anger, crying spells, stigma, loneliness, social neglect, loss of family support, financial difficulties, and poverty due to the death of parent(s) and multiple family members due to COVID-19.

Conclusion:
There is a need to have comprehensive grief care and support for the children and adolescents who lost their loved ones due to COVID-19. The comprehensive response to this phenomenon must be adaptable to the varying needs of children and adolescents keeping in view of their developmental and socioeconomic needs.
The stalwart - Carl gustav jung
Authors: Das Jigisha 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Carl Gustav Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist who pioneered in analytical psychology. His fundamental work on the unconscious human mind, association tests, archetypes, anima and animus, the self, the persona, introverted, extroverted, synchronicity, psyche, complexes, and individuation has an influential impact on psychology, for which he became the father of analytical psychology also known as Jungian psychology. His works in literature, art, philosophy, religion, and spirituality are inspirational. In World War I, he worked under Eugen Bleuler as a psychiatrist at Zurich University. He was a close associate of Sigmund Freud but it did not last long. “Psychology of the Unconscious” is one of his exceptional works.
Cobble Stone Mining Tools - Evidence of Their Use in the Bronze Age Mines of Britain and in Current Archaeological Experiments Investigating Ancient Mining and the Processing of Metal Ores
Authors: Timberlake Simon 
Published: December 2023

The characteristic artefacts of Early Bronze Age metal ore mining are cobble stone mining tools. The current study suggests that within these tool assemblages it is normal to see some sort of use specialisation and opportunistic re-use of broken tools, whilst the wear pattern and modification to these suggests the creation of ad hoc tool kits, and the use of both hand-held and hafted hammers. At some of the sites more than 90 % of cobbles used show only minor evidence for purposeful modification (such as a pecked groove designed for hafting), yet extensive experimentation has demonstrated that many of these tools could have been, and probably were used with handles. Some sort of discrimination in the collection of cobbles at source is suggested by the evidence for consistency in size, shape, weight and lithology of the stones. In West Wales we find suitable cobbles brought up to 25 km inland from the storm beaches on the coast to be used at these upland sites. Experimental archaeology has been successful in predicting the types of tools to be found during the archaeological excavation of sites; this includes the use of antler picks and bone scrapers and chisels which often don’t survive within acidic mining environments. As regards stone tools, experiments have also shown how the most rudimentary artefacts might be used in the processing and concentration of metal ores, including those of copper and gold. The current paper presents a body of archaeological evidence and experimental research, which is likely to be universally relevant to the study of some of the most ancient mines and mining areas in Europe.