bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Trial Comparing Remimazolam with Propofol During Intravenous
Anesthesia: A Prospective Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Yang Lu , Zhang Jin , Xiao Nengke , Chen Junjie , Liu Hengjuan , He Xuan , Xiao Xingpeng , Zhang Fan 
Published: October 2023

Background and Objective:
Remimazolam is a water-soluble sedative-anesthetic with
short-acting properties and less hemodynamic effects. Currently, it is primarily used for gastroenteroscopy
sedation.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness and safety of Remimazolam as an alternative
intravenous anesthetic agent in surgical patients, in order to expand clinical options beyond Propofol.

Methods:
Eighty patients aged 20-69 and classified as an American Society of Anesthesiologists
physical status I-II were randomly assigned to either the Remimazolam group (RM group) or the
Propofol group (PR group) for anesthesia induction and maintenance. Hemodynamics and
Bispectral Index (BIS) were recorded before and after anesthesia, along with other relevant indices
such as the time, to loss of consciousness (LoC), operation time, anesthesia time, awakening
time, the number of cases of injection site pain. Additionally, the Ramsay sedation score,
intraoperative awareness, dreaming, and postoperative adverse events were also assessed.

Results:
After anesthesia, both groups experienced a significant decrease in blood pressure compared
to baseline values, however, the reduction in blood pressure was less significant in the RM
group than in the PR group (P<0.05). The heart rate of patients in the RM group remained relatively
stable at all time points. There were significantly more cases of injection site pain and use
of pressor or atropine during operation observed in the PR group compared to the RM group
(P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of time to loss
of consciousness, anesthesia time, operation time, awakening time, and intraoperative awareness
(P>0.05). However, at 5 and 30 minutes after awakening, the Ramsay sedation score was significantly
better in the RM group compared to the PR group (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
When remimazolam is used for intravenous anesthesia induction and maintenance,
it can achieve a favorable anesthetic effect while maintaining a relatively stable blood pressure
and heart rate. Patients experience shorter awakening times (8.3±3.7 min), better awakening
quality (5 min Ramsay sedation score is 2 points ), and no intraoperative awareness.

Trial Registration Number:
AF SOP/3.6-01/5.1.
Role of Statistical Physics Formalism in Pharmaceutical Science
Authors: Salman Saad , Shah Fahad Hassan , Kim Song Ja 
Published: October 2023

:
Statistical physics (SP) formalism in medicine involves applying concepts and methods to
study biological systems and medical problems. It is an interdisciplinary field that combines physics,
mathematics, and biology to analyze complex biological processes at molecular, cellular, and tissue
levels. The goal of SP in medicine is to gain insights into biological systems' mechanisms and develop
new strategies for diagnosing and treating diseases. SP is used in drug discovery, disease modeling,
medical imaging, and the study of pharmaceutical systems in pharmacy. SP is applied to understand
the anticoagulant properties of substances by modeling interactions between blood components
and studying blood properties affecting coagulation. For antiviral drugs, SP models simulate interactions
between antiviral molecules, virus particles, and other biological components to optimize drug
efficacy. SP models are also used in studying antifungals, antibiotics, and anticancer drugs to understand
drug behavior in complex systems and improve treatments. In PS, mathematical models are
used for drug absorption, dosage regimens, target-mediated drug disposition, population pharmacokinetics,
and physiological-based pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation (PBPK). In rheology, SP
is applied to study the flow and deformation of materials like liquids and semi-solids. In understanding
physicochemical principles/processes, SP helps predict and explain the behavior of systems with
many particles, such as solutions, solubilization, and adsorption. For drug delivery systems, SP is
used to study drug transport and distribution in the body, improving drug efficacy and safety. Metal
nanocomposites are studied using SP to understand their behavior as antibacterial agents and anticoagulants.
SP models predict the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of metal nanocomposites
for various applications.
A Profound Insight into the Structure-activity Relationship of Ubiquitous Scaffold Piperazine: An Explicative Review
Authors: Chaudhary Jasmine , Sharma Vishal , Jain Akash , Sharma Diksha , Chopra Bhawna , Dhingra Ashwani K. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:Despite extensive research in the field of drug discovery and development, still there is a need to develop novel molecular entities. Literature reveals a substantial heterocyclic nucleus named, piperazine, which shows an immense therapeutic voyage. For several decades, molecules having the piperazine nucleus have entered the market as a drug exhibiting biological potential. It was known to possess antipsychotic, antihistamine, antianginal, antidepressant, anticancer, antiviral, cardioprotective, and anti-inflammatory activity with a specific basis for structural activity relationship. Thus, it is regarded as a key structural feature in most of the already available therapeutic drugs in the market. Reports also suggest that the extensive utilization of these currently available drugs having a piperazine nucleus shows increasing tolerance significantly day by day. In addition to this, various other factors like solubility, low bioavailability, cost-effectiveness, and imbalance between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics profile limit their utilization. Focusing on that issues, various structural modification studies were performed on the piperazine moiety to develop new derivatives/analogs to overcome the problems associated with available marketed drugs. Thus, this review article aims to gain insight into the number of structural modifications at the N-1 and N-4 positions of the piperazine scaffold. This SAR approach may prove to be the best way to overcome the above-discussed drawbacks and lead to the design of drug molecules with better efficacy and affinity. Hence, there is an urgent need to focus on the structural features of this scaffold which paves further work for deeper exploration and may help medicinal chemists as well as pharmaceutical industries.
Comparison of ZIC-HILIC Columns for the Simultaneous Analysis of
Antiviral Drugs in Dosage Forms by Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid
Chromatography
Authors: Ahmed Sohair Salah , Rasheed Ashraf Saad 
Published: October 2023

Background::
Antiviral drugs are vital since many viruses can produce fatal infections,
as we have recently seen with the COVID-19 pandemic. Antiviral drugs can battle viruses
at multiple stages of their life cycles, including neuraminidase, nucleic acid synthesis, protease,
and virion fusion or entry [1].

Objective::
Antiviral drugs have poor retention in reversed-phase liquid chromatography, which
makes it difficult to analyze a mixture of antiviral medications using high-performance liquid
chromatography. Using zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (ZICHILIC),
the paper highlights the simultaneous quantification of three antiviral drugs as active
constituents in pharmaceutical formulations. Moreover, the influence of the length of the spacer
between the two charges in two stationary phases on the retention behavior of antiviral drugs
has been discussed.

Methods::
Two homemade stationary phases (ZIC1-HILIC and ZIC5-HILIC) were utilized for
the qualitative and quantitative analysis of three antiviral drugs, and UV was used as the detector.
Several chromatographic conditions were examined, such as the organic modifier concentration,
buffer concentration, and pH value.

Results::
After optimizing the parameters, the devised method was applied to analyse three antiviral
medications quantitatively. The initial results demonstrated the current procedure for
separating and determining these three antiviral drugs to be sensitive, robust, and effective.
Consequently, the present method has shown excellent repeatability, a broad linear range (0.1-
16.5 μgml-1), and excellent sensitivity (LOD 0.04-0.072 μgml-1). The RSD value of the method
was less than 1.

Conclusion::
A mixed mode of hydrophilic and ion exchange interactions was the predominant
mode of antiviral medications with two ZIC-HILIC stationary phases. The ZIC5-HILIC stationary
phase had a lower detection and limit of quantitation for three antiviral drugs and a prolonged
retention time compared to the ZIC1-HILIC stationary phase with a shorter chain
length.
Synthetic Strategies for Vitamin-loaded Carbon Dots and their Detection
using Biosensors: A Review
Authors: Chaudhry Himanshu , Rangra Naresh K. , Chawla Pooja A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Carbon dots belong to the class of nanomaterials invented accidentally and are attracting
a lot of attention these days. Carbon dots are non-toxic, photostable, and easy-to-synthesize
nano formulations having good water-soluble properties when treated chemically by manipulating
surface active groups, followed by the addition of solubilizing agents and size reduction.
These are widely used in bioimaging, electrochemical sensing, targeted drug delivery, and other
biomedical activities. In recent years, significant attempts have been emphasized by analysts to
the detection of vitamins embedded carbon dots using biosensors. The biosensing of vitamins
has become easy due to the luminescence property of carbon dots, which makes them easy to
detect. Therefore, in this review, we have reported synthetic strategies and recent biosensorbased
detection techniques used in the analysis of vitamin-loaded carbon dots. Even from the
carbon dot’s analytical perspective, there is still a lot of research needed in the area of biosensing,
bioimaging, and healthcare applications. Unique features, along with the controllable synthesis
methods, will lead to a bright future in the detection and characterization of drugs using
carbon dots.
Deciphering the Role of Various Signaling Pathways in the Pathophysiology
of Depression
Authors: Vashisht Etash , Vats Vishal , Verma Ravinder , Parashar Jatin , Garg Vandana , Dutt Rohit , Mittal Vineet , Singh Govind , Kaushik Deepak 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Depression is one of the leading causes of disability around the globe.
In the early years of depression, it is hypothesized that neurotransmitters have a major or dominant role in depression pathophysiology. The roles of different parts of the brain and neurotransmitters have emerged at different intervals of time, and various hypotheses beyond monoamines have arisen. In this review, numerous theories that have been proposed in the last 60
years are covered based on the literature.

Methodology:
This review was prepared with literature and data presented from different databases including PubMed, Frontier in Pharmacology, Elsevier, Journal of Depression and Anxiety, etc.

Results:
The different hypotheses of depression have been presented in different eras. Each hypothesis of depression tries to explore different aspects of depression, which shifts the pathogenesis of depression approaches towards bio-molecule and genetic roles.

Conclusion:
The pathophysiology of depression is very complex. None of the hypotheses alone
can explain the pathophysiology of depression. All of these hypotheses are interconnected with
each other. Through these hypotheses, it can be concluded that neuro-inflammation can be the
base of depression and by reducing this factor we can overcome this problem
The Use of Daflon Tablets in Treating Hemorrhoids and Alleviating
Symptoms
Authors: Hajimaghsoudi Leila , Ahmadinejad Mojtaba , Karimian Mohsen , Bahri Mohammad Hadi , Karbalaeikhani Ali , Ahmadinejad Izadmehr 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Varicose-like bulging veins that occur in the anus and lower rectum are
known as hemorrhoids. Depending on their degree of prolapse, they can cause symptoms such as
bleeding, discomfort, mucous discharge, perianal irritation, and burning. The aim of the study was
to investigate the impact of Daflon pills on the treatment of hemorrhoids and their associated symptoms,
as well as the duration of hospitalization and the likelihood of recurrence.

Methods:
A randomized clinical trial was used in this investigation. Patients who had been referred
to the surgical clinic of the Madani Hospital in 2021 with hemorrhoid complaints were participants
in a random selection process. Participants were separated into control groups (getting non-invasive
regular treatments) and the intervention group after being informed and given ethical approval (Receiving
Daflon 500 mg twice daily for 4 weeks). Patients' symptoms, potential sequelae, and illness
recurrence were assessed in both chosen groups at each visit, and data was gathered until the desired
sample size was reached.

Results:
This study was performed on 200 patients who received Daflon 500 mg (intervention, N =
100) or placebo (control, N = 100). The number of visits required to achieve therapeutic goals did
not differ statistically significantly between the intervention and control groups (P > 0.05). The
mean recovery time was 56.5 ± 12.53 days for the intervention group and 61.04 ± 13.63 days for the
control group, which is considered statistically significant (P < 0.05). A total of 56 patients (28.0%)
relapsed and 144 patients (72.0%) recovered. This rate in the intervention group included 78
(78.0%) recovery and 22 (22.0%) relapsed and in the control group 66 (66.0%) recovered and 34
(34.0%) relapsed, clinically it suggests that treatment Daflon can prevent relapse of the disease, although
the statistical results of this study do not support this hypothesis (P = 0.059).

Conclusion:
The study's findings demonstrated that Daflon therapy is a superior and more effective
treatment option for all grades of hemorrhoids. Moreover, the medication's side effects are manageable,
making it a well-tolerated choice.
Cancer Stem Cells and Treatment of Cancer: An Update and Future Perspectives
Authors: Khan Mudassir , Naeem Mashal , Chaudary Sana Aftab , Ahmed Affan , Ahmed Aftab 
Published: October 2023

:
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an essential role in tumour progression and metastasis.
Stem cell ability of self-renewal enables it to persist over time, thereby contributing to cancer relapse
or recurrence and also resistance to current therapies. Therefore, targeting CSCs emerged as
a promising strategy of cancer treatment. CSCs exhibit differentiation, self-renewal, and plasticity,
they contribute to formation of malignant tumours, also favors, metastasis, heterogeneity, multidrug
resistance, and radiation resistance. Coventional cancer treatments predominantly target
cancer cells that are not CSCs, CSCs frequently survive, eventually leading to relapse. This article
focuses on the development of novel therapeutic strategies that combine conventional treatments
and CSC inhibitors to eradicate cancer cells and CSCs, for the better and permanent treatment.
However, the diversity of CSCs is a significant obstacle in the development of CSC-targeted therapies,
necessitating extensive research for a better understanding and exploration of therapeutic approaches.
Future development of CSC-targeted therapies will rely heavily on overcoming this obstacle.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetes Treatment:
Current Advances and Future Opportunity
Authors: Liu Jie , Wan Xin-Xing , Zheng Sheng-Yuan , Khan Md. Asaduzzaman , He Hui-Hong , Feng Yu-Xing , Xiao Jing-Ge , Chen Yu , Hu Xi-Min , Zhang Qi , Xiong Kun 
Published: October 2023

:
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is characterized by hyperglycemia, and caused by a lack of insulin
secretion. At present there is no cure for T1D and patients are dependent on exogenous insulin
for lifelong, which seriously affects their lives. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be differentiated
to β cell-like cells to rescue the secretion of insulin and reconstruct immunotolerance
to preserve the function of islet β cells. Due to the higher proportion of children and adolescents
in T1D patients, the efficacy and safety issue of the application of MSC’s transplant in T1D was
primarily demonstrated and identified by human clinical trials in this review. Then we clarified
the mechanism of MSCs to relieve the symptom of T1D and found out that UC-MSCs have no obvious
advantage over the other types of MSCs, the autologous MSCs from BM or menstrual blood
with less expanded ex vivo could be the better choice for clinical application to treat with T1D
through documentary analysis. Finally, we summarized the advances of MSCs with different interventions
such as genetic engineering in the treatment of T1D, and demonstrated the advantages
and shortage of MSCs intervened by different treatments in the transplantation, which may enhance
the clinical efficacy and overcome the shortcomings in the application of MSCs to T1D in
future.
Bioinformatics Perspective of Drug Repurposing
Authors: Patel Binita , Gelat Brijesh , Soni Mehul , Rathaur Pooja , SR Kaid Johar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Different diseases can be treated with various therapeutic agents. Drug discovery aims to
find potential molecules for existing and emerging diseases. However, factors, such as increasing
development cost, generic competition due to the patent expiry of several drugs, increase in conservative
regulatory policies, and insufficient breakthrough innovations impairs the development of
new drugs and the learning productivity of pharmaceutical industries. Drug repurposing is the process
of finding new therapeutic applications for already approved, withdrawn from use, abandoned,
and experimental drugs. Drug repurposing is another method that may partially overcome the hurdles
related to drug discovery and hence appears to be a wise attempt. However, drug repurposing being
not a standard regulatory process, leads to administrative concerns and problems. The drug repurposing
also requires expensive, high-risk clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of the repurposed
drug. Recent innovations in the field of bioinformatics can accelerate the new drug repurposing
studies by identifying new targets of the existing drugs along with drug candidate screening and
refinement. Recent advancements in the field of comprehensive high throughput data in genomics,
epigenetics, chromosome architecture, transcriptomic, proteomics, and metabolomics may also contribute
to the understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in drug-target interaction. The present
review describes the current scenario in the field of drug repurposing along with the application
of various bioinformatic tools for the identification of new targets for the existing drug.
Pre-clinical Aspects and Contemporary Treatments of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Chhabra Partosh , Rishabh  , Singla Shivani , Choudhary Sunayna , Kohli Shivam , Bansal Nitin , Bansal Seema 
Published: October 2023

Background:After Alzheimer’s disease, the second slot for the most common neurodegenerative disease, is occupied by Parkinson’s disease. The symptoms of Parkinson’s are classified as motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms. Motor symptoms involve rigidity, tremors, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Non-motor symptoms consist of cognitive dysfunction, salivation, lacrimation, etc.Objectives:The objectives of this study are to find out the most recent treatment options for Parkinson’s disease.Methods:Research and review papers are collected from different databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, Mendeley, Scopus, Science Open, and the Directory of Open Access Journals using different keywords such as "Parkinson’s disease, biomarkers, animal models".Results:Currently, various novel therapeutics have been emerging for PD. These may include treatments that may control the symptoms without causing any other severe side effects with already available treatments. Better therapies such as gene therapies, cell-based treatments, and regenerative therapies, which may evolve over time, can be a better therapeutic option.Conclusion:There is a need for the development of novel and potential therapeutic strategies that offer fewer side effects to patients. Several clinical, biochemical, and imaging markers that are noteworthy in Parkinson’s disease examination have been discussed here. Current work in the field of Parkinson’s disease has developed a variety of significant small animal models, such as viral vector models and seeding models, including the insertion of preformed fibrils of alpha-synuclein. The brief concepts regarding risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, and emerging treatments of PD are discussed in this review article.
Hypophysitis Induced by Sintilimab in the Treatment of Bladder Cancer:
A Case Report
Authors: Li Ran , Jiang Baichuan , Zhu Yiran , Gao Likuan , Zhou Yaru , Yang Shijie 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), as novel antitumor drugs, have been widely used in the clinic and have shown good antitumor effects. However, their wide-spread use has also led to the emergence of various immune-related adverse events (IrAEs). Hypophysitis is a rare but serious IrAE. Due to its complex and changeable clinical manifestations, hypophysitis may be easily overlooked, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment

Case Presentation:
A 68-year-old male patient was diagnosed with bladder cancer (T2bNXM0) in October 2021. He received two cycles of immunotherapy with sintilimab and chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC). One month after the second treatment, he gradually developed recurrent fever, anorexia, drowsiness, and delirium. Laboratory examination revealed hyponatremia, decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone, and hypocortisolemia. The pituitary MRI showed no abnormality. The patient was diagnosed with immunotherapy-induced hypophysitis (IH) caused by sintilimab, leading to downstream endocrine disorders. With hormone replacement therapy, he was in a good mood, had a good appetite, and made an overall recovery.

Conclusion:
Immunotherapy-induced hypophysitis (IH) can result in a severe adrenal crisis, and prompt recognition and diagnosis are crucial. Clinicians must remain vigilant for the possibility of IH in patients who exhibit recurrent fever, anorexia, cognitive decline, and personality changes following ICI treatment. It is imperative to consider this diagnosis early to initiate appropriate management promptly.