bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depolarization, exocytosis and amino acid release evoked by hyposmolarity from cortical synaptosomes
Authors: Tuz Karina , Peña‐Segura Claudia , Franco Rodrigo , Pasantes‐Morales Herminia 
Published: February 2004

AbstractExternal osmolarity reduction (20%) led to labelled glutamate, GABA and taurine release from rat brain cortical synaptosomes. A Cl–‐independent, Na+‐dependent, La3+‐sensitive and tetrodotoxin (TTX) reduced depolarization of synaptosomes occurred upon hyposmolarity, suggestive of Na+ entry through nonselective cation channels. This depolarization, together with cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]I) increase, resulted in exocytosis, monitored by FM1‐43. The release fraction resulting from these phenomena was estimated, by its decrease, by La3+, EGTA‐AM and tetanus toxin (TeTX), as 34–44% for glutamate, 21–29% for GABA and 18–22% for taurine. Protein kinase C (PKC) activation by phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA) increased the hyposmolarity‐elicited exocytosis and this activation increased glutamate (80%), GABA (51%) and taurine (42%) hyposmotic efflux. Inhibition by chelerythrine reduced glutamate, GABA and taurine efflux by 64%, 50% and 24%, respectively. The Na+‐dependence of amino acid release (glutamate 63%, GABA 46% and taurine 29%) may result from both, prevention of the depolarization‐exocytosis efflux, and blockade of the carrier reversal operation. Carrier blockade by dl‐threo‐β‐benzyloxy aspartate (TBOA) and NO‐711 resulted in 37% and 28% reduction of glutamate and GABA release, respectively. Contribution of the osmolyte leak pathway to amino acid release, estimated by the influence of Cl– (NPPB) and tyrosine kinase (AG18) blocker, was up to 55% for taurine, but only 10–18% for GABA, with apparently no contribution for glutamate. The predominant osmolyte‐type mechanism of taurine release suggest its function in volume control in nerve endings, while glutamate and GABA respond to events concurrent with hyposmolarity by a neurotransmitter‐like release mechanism. The hyposmolarity‐induced amino acid efflux from nerve endings may have consequences for neuronal excitability during hyponatremia.
Amygdalar circuits required for either consolidation or extinction of taste aversion memory are not required for reconsolidation
Authors: Bahar Amir , Dorfman Nimrod , Dudai Yadin 
Published: February 2004

AbstractRecent reports have revitalized the debate on whether, for each item in memory, consolidation occurs just once, or whether, upon their activation in retrieval, items in memory undergo reconsolidation. Further, it has been recently reported that following retrieval in the absence of reinforcer, the activated memory can either reconsolidate or extinguish, depending on the training history. This raises the question whether consolidation, extinction and reconsolidation share neuronal mechanisms, and moreover, whether reconsolidation recapitulates consolidation. In conditioned taste aversion (CTA), consolidation depends on protein synthesis in the central nucleus of the amygdala, whereas extinction depends on protein synthesis in the basolateral nuclei of the amygdala. Here we show that inhibition of protein synthesis in either of these nuclei has no effect on CTA memory under conditions that initiate reconsolidation. This implies that reconsolidation does not recapitulate consolidation, and that consolidation, reconsolidation and extinction are different processes.
009  Calcium‐Zinc Alginate and Recombinant Human bFGF; Its efficacy from the histological standpoint
Authors: Otsuka T , Tosa Y , Hosaka Y 
Published: February 2004

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of wound dressing material, Calcium‐Zinc Alginate: Curasorb Zn® as a carrier of the recombinant human bFGF, histological detection was performed. Methods: Full thickness skin defect on the back of Wistar rat was made for four groups; the control group, bFGF group; topical application of recombinant human bFGF for 5 μg per day, Ca‐Zn Alginate group; topical use of the dressing and the group that both the bFGF and Ca‐Zn Alginate were applied, nine rats for respective group. Results: Significant granulation was noted both bFGF group and Ca‐Zn Alginate group compared to the control group. Fibrosis was noted in the control and Ca‐Zn Alginate group whereas no fibrosis was noted in the FGF group. Numerous amounts of cells were noted in the FGF group which indicate strong inflammation. Also, marked abscess formation was noted in the bFGF group. The greatest thickness of granulation was obtained in the group that both the bFGF and Ca‐Zn Alginate were applied. Conclusions: It was considered that the appropriate use of the carrier for the bFGF is important to control infection. The Ca‐Zn Alginate dressing was effective to suppress abscess formation.
011  Effects of Granulocyte Colony‐Stimulating Factor in Rats with Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: HongFang Tuo , Masanobu Nakashima , Nobutsugu Abe , Masanori Sugiyama , Yutaka Atomi 
Published: February 2004

Aim: It is reported that Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) increases the number and functions of the neutrophils of blood in animal models. In the present study, we observed the effects of G‐CSF in rats with severe acute pancreatitis. Methods: Pancreatitis was induced by injection of 0.2 ml of 3% taurocholate acid into biliopancreatic duct of the Wistar rat. Thirty rats were randomized into three groups. 1: Control group (C group). 2: Acute pancreatitis (AP) group. 3: AP + G‐CSF groups. G‐CSF was administrated via jugular veins 1 hour before induction of pancreatitis. Blood and ascites at 1 and 3 hours after induction of pancreatitis were measured for the number of neutrophils, their phagocytosis and bactericidal activity and the concentrations of TNF‐á, IL‐6 and IL‐1â. Results: The phagocytic neutrophils increased in AP + G‐CSF group (22 ± 4.3 × 105) compared with AP group (10 ± 1.9 × 105)(p < 0.05); the bactericidal neutrophils increased in AP + G‐CSF group (60 ± 14.5 × 105) compared with AP group (20 ± 6.1 × 105)(p < 0.05). G‐CSF did not increase any the concentration of TNF‐á, IL‐6 and IL‐1â in blood and ascites. Conclusions: G‐CSF increases the number of phagocytic and bactericidal neutrophils of blood and ascites in SAP rat, without increasing the concentration of TNF‐á, IL‐6 and IL‐1â, therefore improves host defense against infection.
013  A New Method of Closing the Sternum with Absorbable Suture and Absorbable Fixed Pins
Authors: Hosomura N , Nagamine H , Yamahata T , Nakayama M , Kikuchi K 
Published: February 2004

Aim: In case of using metal wire in closing after the median sternotomy, several disadvantages have been reported, including long lasting subject's sense of incongruity, risks of tear of the wire and cutting to be made by the wire, tenderness and becoming an abstacle for the use of CT or MRI. In our facilities, in order to solve these problems, absorbable suture and absorbable rib fixing pins have been used in closing the sternum. Methods: Objects of the median sternotomy we’ve had since October, 2001, are six cases. The suture used was 6 PDS codes of 1 mm in diameter and it went through the sternum and ligated it. Three absorbable pins of poly‐L‐lactide were used. Results: A progress observation period after the operation is from one month to fourteen months.The prognosis have been good and complications not recognized. Conclusions: The way of closing the sternum with absorbing suture and absorbing rib fixing pins will make it possible to solve problems incurred from the metal wire suturing.
015  Three Cases of Pressure Ulcer cured by Concomitant Use of bFGF and Dressing
Authors: Toshihiro Kitte , Shinya Arinaga , Toshiro Tatsuma , Akira Nakamura 
Published: February 2004

Introduction: It is reported on 3 cases of pressure ulcer which were hard to cure surgically by flap plastic operation or else, were completely healed by concomitant use of the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and the dressing. Case report: CASE 1:A 55‐year‐old male with a pressure ulcer 3 cm in diameter formed on the buttock. After excising the margin and spraying bFGF, the wound was covered with a dressing made of hydrofiber. It was completely cured in 3 months. CASE 2:A 65‐year‐old male with a pressure ulcer on the sacral region 30 cm the major axis. The pocket was cut open, and bFGF was sprayed inside. Amounts of the dressing material depended on volumes of the exudate. It was cured completely in 6 months. CASE 3:A 85‐year‐old male with a pressure ulcer 10 cm in the major axis on the greater trochanteric region of the right side. The margin was excised to open the pocket, bFGF was sprayed, and hydrogel was used as the dressing. It was cured in 6 months completely. Discussion: Usefulness of the conservative treatment is reported based on the experience referring to these 3 cases with pressure ulcer, which were completely cured upon concomitant use of bFGF and the dressing material suitable to the conditions of the wound after thorough surgical debridement and washings.
016  Is This Ulcer A True “Chronic” Ulcer?
Authors: Hiroshi Yasuda , Koji Murata , Ryoko Kinoshita , Hideka Nakagawa , Miwa Kobayashi , Yoshiki Tokura 
Published: February 2004

Aim: Lethal diseases occasionally present with a “chronic” ulcer. If a physician can not realize this fact, the ulcer might give rise to a misery result. We present three educational cases of chronic ulcers that give caution to physicians. Case report: The first case was a hand ulcer due to postradiation squamous cell carcinoma, which eventually led to amputation of index and middle finger. The second case was a leg ulcer due to postburn squamous cell carcinoma, resulting in death caused by visceral metastasis. Both cases were treated as simple chronic ulcers at other clinics for a long time. The third case was a lower leg ulcer caused by infection with cryptococcus neoformans. The ulcer was covered with a split thickness skin graft after administration of anti‐fungal drugs. Conclusions: As seen in these cases, we must always have serious doubts why the ulcer is not easily healed. If the causative factor is not easily found, biopsies from the ulcer would be helpful for the true diagnosis of the ulcerative lesions.
017  An Investigation into Bacteria of Intraperitoneal Washed Fluid on Surgical Site Infection
Authors: Takumi Irie , Hiroyuki Baba , Mituo Endo 
Published: February 2004

Aim: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) has been considered to be caused by the sticking bacteria on the surgical site. We have investigated how the sticking bacteria may influence the SSI in clean‐contaminated surgery. Methods: In clean‐contaminated operations with a Protractor we washed intraperitoneal space of 26 patients, 14 male and 12 female, whose mean age were 67.2 ± 7.6 years old, with 3L of saline for the operations of upper gastrointestinal tract and 5L for under. We collected the washed fluid at pre‐operation and post‐operation, and abdominal fat for the culture of the sticking bacteria in those specimens. Results: All SSI rate was 3.8%. Each detective rates of bacteria were 38.5%, 50%, and 46.2%, but each SSI rates were all 0%. We used the Protractor which may protect the sticking of bacteria on surgical sites, however many bacteria have been detected on them. There was only one patient who had been resulted in SSI. In this case the patient was suffered from hypovolemic shock in pancreatic‐tail resection, however we could not detect any sticking bacteria on the surgical site. Conclusions: Sticking of bacteria on surgical sites is not a chief cause of SSIs in clean‐contaminated surgery. We guess there may be another cause as the bacterial‐translocation for the SSIs in clean‐contaminated surgery.
019  2 Cases of Mediastinitis After Median Sternotomy Surgery Treated with Vacuum‐Assisted Closure
Authors: Hideyuki Yanagi , Hiroto Terashi , Shinya Tahara 
Published: February 2004

Introduction: Mediastinitis, which is at times encountered after thoracic surgery with median sternotomy, is often resistant for treatments and in cases leads to death. We applied vacuum‐assisted closure (V.A.C.) for 2 cases of post‐sternotomy mediastinitis, in an original manner using readily available materials and made them healed. The details are reported. Methods: We applied polyurethane foam (HydroSite®, Smith & Nephew) with silicone tube (BLAKE®, ETHICON) on the debrided wound, covered it with surgical draping film (Ioban® 2, 3M Health Care), and applied continuous negative pressure with a wall suction. The dressing was changed at intervals of 2 to 3 days. Results:(Case 1) A 53‐years old male with complications of diabetes mellitus and hypertension underwent coronal artery bypass graft surgery for angina pectoris. Sternal infection occurred in postoperative period and the wound was opened. (Case 2) A 78‐years old male underwent total aortic arch replacement surgery for aortic dissection. The wound was opened for a postoperative infection. We applied vacuum‐assisted closure therapy for these 2 cases in the method presented above and observed promoted wound granulation and rapid contraction of wounds, with no manifestations of increasing infection or changes of circular conditions. Each of the cases was healed with vacuum‐assisted closure in 7 Weeks without any surgical procedures. Conclusions: We viewed vacuum‐assisted closure therapy as another choice of the treatment for mediastinitis.
020  Study on the Wound Cure after Laparoscopic Operation
Authors: Kenji Kakisako , Fumitaka Yoshizumi , Kimio Yamaguchi , Kazutoshi Kaketani 
Published: February 2004

Aim: Regarding the recent change in the surgical technique of infraumbilical incision for laparoscope insertion from lateral incision to longitudinal incision to reach inside the umbilicus, we conducted this study to find the merits and demerits of change as well as to clarify the circumstance in which poor wound cure occurs after laparoscopic operation. Methods: Total 608 patients who underwent laparoscopic operations between February 2000 and July 2002 at this hospital were used as the subjects of this study. Accordingly, the comparison was made between the 343 cases in the early stage (lateral incision) and the 380 cases in the late stage (longitudinal incision). Results: Postoperative wound trouble occurred in 24 (3.9%) of the 608 cases. Infection occurred in the wound made by open laparoscopy in 5 patients. The trouble in the trocker insertion site itself was observed in 19 cases (3.1%). The infraumbilical wound trouble occurred in 10 cases in the early stage and 5 cases in late stage indicated, indicating lower trouble rate in the latter.
021  “Epithelization Unit”: A New Concept in Skin Wound Healing
Authors: Naoto Yamamoto , Tomoharu Kiyosawa , Katsuyuki Arai 
Published: February 2004

Aim: Development of adequate connective tissue as a bed below new epidermis is important for successful epitherialization. However, how the dermal fibrous architecture newly forms and changes chronologically in that process is unknown.The aim of the present study was to determine the regeneration process of neodermis in skin wound healing from the viewpoint of neoformation of its fibrous architecture Methods: We investigated the repair process of an excised skin wound made on experimental animals with the use of alkali water cell‐maceration scanning electron microscopy, which allowed a three‐dimensional demonstration of individual collagen fibrils in their natural from and location Results: Both new papillary dermis and new epidermis underwent synchronous development in epithelization, as if forming “a unit”. The scar tissue has the same layered structure as seen in normal skin, namely epidermis including basement membrane, papillary dermis, and reticular dermis. The new epidermis on the new papillary dermis demonstrated a mature appearance and a mechanically stable condition. Conclusions: The healing process proceeds as forming a unit composed by epidermis including basement and papillary dermis, and is finally completed with total coverage of the wound by this unit. We would like to call this unit, the “epithelization unit”.
022  Preincubation Reduces Epithelialization Period after Grafting in Cell‐Precomfluent Cultured Skin
Authors: Yasumi Saso , Takeshi Kawazoe , Shigehiko Suzuki , Kenji Tomihata 
Published: February 2004

Purpose: We have developed a cultured skin with both epidermal and dermal components using two different types of collagen sponges as a scaffold. In addition, we succeeded in grafting cell‐preconfluent cultured skin immediately after seeding the cells. In this study, we examined whether the incubation before grafting can reduce the period of epithelization after grafting. Method: We produced cultured skin as follow. We seeded fibroblasts on the dermal collagen sponge with a seeding density of 100,000 cells per square centimeter. After incubation for 4 hours, an epidermal collagen sponge was put on the dermal collagen sponge, and keratinocytes were seeded on the epidermal collagen sponge with a seeding density again of 100,000 cells per square centimeter. The cultured skin was incubated for 1, 2, and 3 days (n = 3), and grafted them onto skin defects in SCID mice. Three, 5, 7, and 14 days after grafting, tissue specimens were harvested for histological and immunohistochemical examination. Result: Three days after grafting, in 3 days incubation group, the cultured skins formed epithelium with a few layers, while in other groups, they did not. Five days after grafting, in 3 days incubation group, the cultured skins formed 6–8 epithelium layers, while in other groups, they did fewer layers. Seven days after grafting, in 3 days incubation group, the cultured skin formed epithelial layers consisiting of cornified layers, and human type IV collagen was stained at the dermal‐epidermal junction. In other groups, it was not stained. Fourteen days after grafting, all samples formed epithelial layers, and human type IV collagen was stained. Conclusion: In 3 days incubation group, the epithelization was completed earlier than that in the other groups.
023  Development of Tissue Engineering Skin Based on Acellular Dermal Matrix
Authors: Ryo Yamaguchi , Yoshihiro Takami , Jingping Guo , Hideharu Tanaka , Syuji Shimazaki 
Published: February 2004

Aim: In tissue engineering of the skin, the selection of a scaffold or a matrix in which a cultured cells grow is quite important. We have developed a tissue engineering skin composed of human keratinocytes and fibroblasts on an acellular allogenic dermal matrix (ADM), derived from cryopreserved human skin. Methods: ADM was prepared from cryopreserved split‐thickness human skin by treating with Dispase and Triton X‐100. The tissue engineering skin were produced by seeding human keratinocytes and fibroblasts on ADM. Several days after seeding, the tissue engineering skin was exposed to an air‐liquid interface for another 7 days. Then, the histological structure of the skin and the production of growth factors by the skin were investigated. Results: The produced ADM was found to be completely acellular with remaining structure of the basement membrane components, such as type IV collagen and laminin. The developed tissue engineering skin had stratified keratinocytes on the surface of the ADM migrating fibroblasts in the dermal collagen structure, resembling to the normal skin appearance. It was found that several important growth factors in wound healing process, such as TGF‐α, TGF‐β and VEGF, were produced by the tissue engineering skin. Conclusions: It was suggested that ADM is suitable for a scaffold in tissue engineering of the skin.
026  Treatment with Autologous Cultured Dermal Substitutes (CDS) for Burn Scar Contracture in Children
Authors: Yasushi Fujimori , Koichi Ueda , Yuka Omiya , Kentaro Kubo , Hiromichi Matsui , Yoshimitsu Kuroyanagi 
Published: February 2004

Aim: A treatment of extensive burn contracture in children needs to repeat the autologous skin graft. This study was designed to evaluate the application of autologous CDS to prepare the proper wound bed acceptable for the split‐thickness autologous skin graft. Methods: Prior to the clinical study, the master cell banking system was established using a small piece of skin derived from each patient. The autologous CDS was prepared by plating the patient's own fibroblasts, cultured from the master cells, on a spongy matrix of hyaluronic acid and atelo‐collagen. The CDS was applied on the skin defects left behind surgical excision to release scar contracture. The split‐thickness autologous skin graft (6∼8/1000 inch) was applied on the wound bed, prepared by using the CDS. Results: The clinical trials were conducted in 5 cases. When the autologous CDS was applied on the skin defect, exposing subcutaneous fatty tissue, the highly vascularlized wound bed was prepared within about 1 week. Although a split‐thickness skin graft was very thin, the severe contracture was not observed over a period of several months. Conclusion: The application of autologous CDS is promising for the treatment for extensive burn scar contracture in children.
028  Clinical Trials of Allogenic Cultured Dermal Substitute for the Treatment of Burn Wounds
Authors: Tadaaki Morotomi , Hiroshi Kamiishi , Kentaro Kubo , Hiromichi Matsui , Shizuko Kagawa , Yoshimitsu Kuroyanagi 
Published: February 2004

Aim: Recently, various types of cultured skin substitutes have been developed and some of them are used clinically. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of allogenic cultured dermal substitute which was applied to burn injuries in clinical trials such as deep dermal burns and dermal burns. Methods: Allogenic cultured dermal substitute (CDS) was simply applied to the burn wound, over which covering materials were applied to protect CDS. Results: The application of CDS to deep dermal burns was proved to facilitate healthy granulation tissue formation at early stage and epithelialization from the outer margins. When CDS applied to the debrided wound surface of dermal burns, an excellent wound bed was generated which was suitable for the graft take of an autologous patch. Conclusion: CDS provides an excellent epithelialization and granulation for burn wounds.
029  Treatment of Fresh DDB Wounds with Allogenic Cultured Fibroblasts, Allogenic Cultured Dermal Substitute
Authors: Kazutaka Soejima , Takamitsu Nakano , Hajime Matsumine , Daiki Nakamori , Motohiro Nozaki , Kentaro Kubo , Hiromichi Matsui , Sizuko Kagawa , Yoshimitsu Kuroyanagi 
Published: February 2004

Aim: Multi‐center's clinical study for the application of the cultured dermal substitute (CDS) composed of hyaluronic acid and collagen spongy matrix with allogenic cultured fibroblasts1 is in progress since 2001. In this study, effect of the CDS for the treatment of fresh DDB wounds was tested. Methods: Six cases of second‐degree burns, diagnosed as DDB by observation of blood stream of the dermal capillary using Compact Micro Vision System (Hi‐Scope®, Hi Rox Co., Japan), were treated with the cultured allogenic fibroblasts, CDS. Results: The epithelialization of the wounds was obtained on 8.2 ± 2.6 (mean ± SD) days after the application. Conclusion: The results of our clinical experiences suggest that the allogenic cultured fibroblasts have beneficial effect on the wound healing of the DDB.