bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acid Stimulation Case Study in Deepwater GoM
Authors: Farinas M. , Akajagbor C. , Vreeling C. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper describes a case study of an acid stimulation performed in the Shenzi field, deep water Gulf of Mexico; the candidate well was an oil producer with a cased hole frac pack completion. Despite having low skin values from the initial completion, the well started to build skin gradually through time which prompted an assessment of formation damage, a list a of possible mechanisms was created and ranked according to their likelihood of occurrence, fines migration due to sand failure near wellbore was deemed to be the leading cause; this mechanism consists of fines entering the perforating tunnel and annular pack thus creating an internal filter cake and reducing proppant permeability, especially in the perforations where linear flow through proppant pack occurs and pressure drop is the highest. Based on this assessment, a HF/HCl acid stimulation was formulated to dissolve silica/clay particles with pre and post flush fluids selected to prevent corrosion in the well and facilities for flow back purposes. The acid job was conveyed via coiled tubing and the results showed a complete reduction of skin to original levels. The stimulation was successful in removing skin and a reduction in skin build post stimulation was achieved by applying a stage drawdown management to prevent excessive sand failure. This paper provides additional experience in deep water acid stimulation in wells with frac pack completions affected by fines migration/sand failure.
Development and Field Testing of a New Diverter Sub Model for Gravel Pack Operations
Authors: Govinathan Kesavan , Tibbles Raymond , Wassouf Philip , Jain Samyak , Samuel Elvy , Nopsiri Noppanan , Selamat Kasim 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A significant recent advancement in sand control technology is the use of diverter subs in conjunction with shunt tube gravel packing, further increasing the application window of this popular technique. This follows several reported cases where excessive amounts of slurry were lost to the formation after exceeding the fracture pressure and, despite the use of shunts, the screen annulus was not completely packed. Diverter subs minimize this risk by allowing fluid to bypass portions of the wash-pipe, which helps to reduce bottom hole pressure and maintain it below the fracture pressure.
However, this effect is heavily dependent on the number and placement of diverter subs, so effective modelling becomes critical as improper design may still fracture the formation and result in an incomplete pack. The introduction of diverter subs results in fluid being distributed in multiple directions at various points along the wellbore, making the flow path progressively harder to model as the number of subs increases. Consequently, no models existed that could accurately design or evaluate shunted gravel pack treatments with diverter subs.
This paper discusses the development and validation of the industry’s first simulator which incorporates diverter subs with a commercially available gravel pack model to accurately design their optimal number and placement. This was validated with a case history using both shunts and diverter subs, confirming the model can accurately design and evaluate these complex treatments. The paper further extends this work to demonstrate how the model can be used to optimize future designs, expanding the application window of these treatments into tight pore-frac margin wells by reducing the risk of incomplete packing.
Assessment of Sand Control Methods for Cased Dual-Annulus Gas Wells: Scaled Laboratory Experiments
Authors: Miri R. , Salimi M. , Stewart S. , Bermudez J.M. , Mazo C. , Nouri A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Sand production poses a significant challenge in high flow rate offshore gas wells, as the elevated flow velocities can lead to well completion erosion, perforations blockage and subsequent sand influx. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis to assess and rank multiple sand control solutions for mitigating sand production, plugging and erosion in a cased dual-annulus gas well.
A sand retention testing (SRT) setup accommodating a purpose-built component mimicking the dual-annulus wellbore completion was employed to quantify sanding and plugging performance. A novel erosion testing setup was used to assess the erosion risk of different sand control screens. Wire-wrapped screen (WWS), slotted liner (SL), and punched screen (PS) were assessed in conjunction with a novel multi-layer open cell matrix polymer (OCMP) filter. Actual wellbore conditions were replicated to ensure a representative evaluation. The testing used flow rates per single perforation shot and matched sand mineralogy, particle size distribution, gas viscosity, and perforation shot size.
The laboratory tests demonstrated that the OCMP filter exhibited superior performance in sanding, plugging and erosion compared to the other three screens tested. Sand retention performance of WWS was poor, with 0.27 lbm/ft2 being produced compared to 0.015 lbm/ft2 and 0.07 lbm/ft2 for slotted liner and punched shroud, respectively, and the OCMP produced zero sand throughout the test. The WWS also exhibited a high susceptibility to erosion, and the PS displayed a high tendency for erosion and plugging. The OCMP filter was also examined for long-term exposure to formation fluids and short-term exposure to aqueous and solvent-based chemical treatments that are potentially employed in the wells, with no adverse effects observed.
This paper reports, for the first time, a comprehensive study replicating a cased dual-annulus in offshore gas field conditions comparing multiple remedial sand control solutions, including OCMP, offering the industry objective data to aid sand control selection.
Return Permeability and Critical Velocity Testing: Formation Damage in CO2 Storage Projects
Authors: de Itriago Yani Araujo , Palencia Clara , Singletary Phillip 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
CO2 Geological Sequestration (GS) is by far the most tangible and practical solution when compared with the other options, such as wind and solar, in the race to reach net zero global goals. GS includes depleted oil and gas reservoirs, in different minerologies, being sandstones, carbonates and dolomite the most common ones. One key parameter for subsurface CO2 storage is well injectivity. Change in well injectivity is a well-known problem in CO2 injection wells, either in enhanced oil recovery or sequestration projects (Grigg and Svec 2003). The well injectivity might change due to precipitation of sulfate and carbonate scales, which are the reaction products between CO2/ rock/brine. This change depends on petrophysical properties, such as pore throat and pore body sizes, minerology, which impacts wettability. It is an interesting problem that the industry needs to take more into consideration to be able to store CO2 in the levels needed to achieve the global temperature goals. The risk for solid precipitation and for water blockage is present. The primary objective of this paper is to quantify the reduction on permeability and changes in pore throat distribution, due to CO2 interaction with the rock.
A core flood study was conducted using core plugs with a range of minerologies including sandstone, carbonate, and dolomite. Cores were saturated with 35K NaCl brine and effluent samples were collected, and the concentrations of calcium, potassium, magnesium, aluminum, sulfate, iron, and silicon ions were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) and Ion Chromatography (IC).
CO2 was injected under supercritical conditions at a pressure of 3000 psi, and at 250°F at 8 different injection flow rate for 7 days. After the test, return permeability, pore throat distribution, NMR, and precipitated material collected after the tests will be analyzed using XRD and XRF. The air and water permeability (Kair and Kw) will be measured before and after the test to evaluate the changes in per permeability.
A Workflow for Circulation Rate Optimization to Exploit Enhanced Geothermal System Productivity
Authors: Ashena Rahman , Ghalambor Ali , Bataee Mahmood , Thiruvelcham Vinesh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
To ascertain sustainability of geothermal productions in an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS), several important design parameters must be optimized. One of the important design parameters is the circulation rate to maximize thermal productivity. Optimization of this parameter is of great practical interest, but it is not adequately discussed in the available literature and thus further research is required with clear criteria set as shown in the outcome of this paper.
This research work follows an innovative simulation model construction and benchmarking with a case of a reservoir with extremely high geothermal gradient. Then optimizing the circulation rate using an innovative algorithm. The model uses two main criteria of the net generated power and an updated coefficient of performance (COP) as defined in this current work. The maximum possible net power was selected while the COP being kept high enough with some stability, to guarantee the optimum heat energy that can be exploited from the reservoir with maximum productivity over the project lifespan.
In the investigated case study, using the recommended workflow, an optimum circulation rate of 0.0736 m3/s (40 M-bbl/day) was found with the net heat energy of 50,617 trillion-Joule, the net produced heat power of 64.2 Mw and the updated COP of 55, following 25 years of production. An updated COP is defined in this research work outcome.
This is a pioneer engineering design work aimed to present an innovative workflow on how to maximize heat productivity via circulation rate maximization.
Application of Nanofluids for Altering Wettability in Heavy Oil: A Field Test
Authors: Cárdenas J. C. , Jaimes M. , Dorado R. , Galvis H. , Conde O. R. , Prada A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The production of heavy crudes presents a considerable challenge due to several factors. These include complex geology, active aquifers, wells influenced by water injection patterns, reservoirs with mixed wettability tendencies favoring oil (high affinity between heavy crude and the rock minerals in the reservoir), and the intrinsic nature of heavy crude, characterized by its high viscosity. Moreover, artificial lift systems often exhibit low efficiency under high bottomhole pressures, and formation damage can occur during drilling, completion, and production stages. Consequently, an unfavorable mobility ratio of the crude can result in early water breakthrough in the wells.
Nanotechnology, in the form of aqueous and organic-based nanodispersions, is proposed as a technological solution to enhance the productivity of heavy crudes and mitigate the aforementioned challenges. This study introduces an experimental methodology for assessing nanofluids, which includes tests for colloidal stability, basic formation fluid characterization, fluid-fluid evaluation, and fluid-rock assessment. During the implementation phase, nanofluids are injected near the wellbore using the matrix stimulation technique, allowing them to be adsorbed onto the rock. This process influences relative permeability curves, modifies wettability, increases the oil recovery factor, and optimizes oil production while simultaneously reducing water production.
Finally, the study presents production results following the implementation of nanofluids in a heavy crude well operated by Ecopetrol. The outcomes reveal a significant increase in production, with rates rising from 10 BOPD to 467 BOPD, accompanied by a 37% reduction in %BS&W (based on preliminary post-stimulation tests). The stimulation process included an initial acid stimulation phase, followed by the flowback of the acid returns and subsequent injection of nanofluids.
Nano Relative Permeability Modifier (NanoRPM): A Promising Solution for Water Control in Colombian Oilfields
Authors: Cardenas J. C. , Ariza E. , Torres R. , Patiño J. C , Jaimes M. G , Prada A. , Conde O. R. , Galvis H. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The objectives of the proposed paper are to investigate the effectiveness of NanoRPM, a nanotechnology-based solution, in controlling water production in Colombian hydrocarbon reservoirs. The scope of the paper includes evaluating the adsorption capacity and durability of NanoRPM compared to conventional RPM, as well as assessing its performance under static and dynamic conditions. Additionally, the field pilot results will be analyzed to confirm the viability and long-term effectiveness of NanoRPM for water control in reservoirs. The study evaluated the efficacy of NanoRPM, a nanotechnology-based solution, in reducing water production in Colombian hydrocarbon reservoirs. Experimental tests, including fluid-fluid and rock-fluid interaction tests under various conditions, were conducted. Specific factors of the Eastern Llanos Basin were considered. The adsorption capacity and durability of NanoRPM were compared to conventional RPM. The findings were aligned with field pilot results to validate NanoRPM's effectiveness in mitigating water production and ensuring long-term performance. The study found that NanoRPM showed exceptional performance in controlling water production in Colombian hydrocarbon reservoirs. It exhibited six times greater adsorption capacity than conventional RPM under static and dynamic conditions. These results were consistent with the field pilot data, which demonstrated a significant 15% reduction in water production over an eighteen-month period. The high surface area-to-volume ratio of NanoRPM was identified as a key factor contributing to its improved adsorption on rock surfaces. Additionally, NanoRPM exhibited superior durability in the porous medium compared to conventional RPM, indicating its long-term effectiveness in water control. Consequently, the study concluded that NanoRPM is a technically viable and durable solution for addressing water control challenges in hydrocarbon reservoirs. The findings offer valuable insights into the application of nanotechnology in reservoir engineering and water management strategies, presenting a promising approach to reducing water-related costs in mature Colombian fields. This paper presents novel information by exploring the use of NanoRPM, a nanotechnology-based solution, for water control in Colombian hydrocarbon reservoirs. The study provides new insights into the effectiveness of NanoRPM compared to conventional RPM, showcasing its exceptional adsorption capacity and durability. The findings contribute to the existing body of literature by offering a promising technological advancement in mitigating water production and reducing associated costs in the petroleum industry.
Study on the Law of Reservoir Damage Caused by Deformable Gel Particles During Profile Control and the Methods of Reducing Damage
Authors: Zhao Wenjing , Wang Jing , Qi Zhongyang , Zhang Xu , Liu Huiqing , Wang Wuchao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on the damage caused by deformable gel particles (DGP) during profile controlling in the high water cut stage. The law of filter cake damage and invasive damage caused by DGP were studied. The effect of common methods to reduce different types of damage was evaluated, and a method to reduce damage was put forward. The change of DGP filter cake under the action of subsequent water was qualitatively studied by the NMR experiment. The experimental method was used to characterize the effect of filter cake damage and invasive damage on the follow-up water. The effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) on the particle size of DGP and the damage reduction rules of different types of damage were revealed. In this paper, a method of meticulous control of particle size was proposed. And the best range of particle size distribution was obtained combined with the calculation model of the plugging effect. The DGP filter cake goes through three processes under the influence of injected water: compression, water entering the filter cake, and water breaking through the filter cake. The filter cake will cause the start-up pressure gradient of 0.13Mpa/m to the subsequent injection water when the ratio of particle diameter to pore throat was 10.56. The breakage of DGP will cause invasive damage. NaClO can reduce the particle size of DGP by more than 50%. And it can reduce filter cake damage by 5.10% but only reduces invasive damage by 0.21%. NaClO can effectively reduce the damage of conventional reservoirs only under low speed and large amounts of injection, but it will corrode the reservoir and injection equipment. According to the particle size reconstruction model, the particle size distribution and the pore throat size distribution were brought into the plugging effect calculation mode. And the coincidence between the calculated and experimental results was 98.55%. Compared with no meticulous particle size control, the damage degree of the remaining oil enrichment area decreased by 45.29% after meticulous particle size control. The invasive damage empirical model and the filter cake damage starting pressure gradient obtained in this paper can guide the field in evaluating the damage degree. They can also be applied to numerical simulations. The damage reduction method proposed in this paper can reduce the damage from the source without corroding the injection equipment and has the advantages of easy operation and low cost.
Oil Detachment Mechanism in Natural Surfactant Flooding from Silica Surface: Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Yang Shuo , Liu Pengcheng , Deng Song , Wang Yanwei 
Published: February 2024

Summary
International regulations have compelled Europe and the United States to phase out certain traditional surfactants to mitigate the use of toxic and nonbiodegradable chemicals. Sodium cocoyl propionate (SCA), as a natural surfactant with high performance, has been proved to have the potential to replace traditional surfactants in previous studies. However, its performance has not fully met practical application requirements. Therefore, in this paper, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used to study the detachment behavior and mechanism of SCA, lauryl dimethylamine oxide (OA-12), emulsifier OP-10, and SOO (combination of SCA, OA-12, and OP-10) on crude oil (dodecane, C12) at different temperatures (80–120°C) and salinities (20 000–200 000 mg/L). The complex interaction mechanism between surfactant molecules and C12 molecules was revealed by analyzing the simulated snapshot, radial distribution function (RDF), mean square displacement (MSD), and interaction energy. The simulated snapshot captures the conformational evolution of surfactant molecules at different time points, emphasizing the spatiotemporal and spatial changes of their dynamic behavior. A comparison of two desorption modes reveals that dispersive adsorption displacement and concentrated adsorption displacement are two possible desorption mechanisms. RDF analysis shows that the probability of SOO molecules near C12 remains high even at high-salinity and -temperature conditions. MSD analysis showed that the diffusion capacity of SOO was the highest at 100°C, reaching 1.52867×10 –5 cm2/ps. The calculation of interaction energy results reveals that SOO has a strong adsorption capacity for C12, which is mainly due to the effect of van der Waals (vdW) force. This is because the C12 molecules are inert, and their molecular movement is mainly determined by the polar groups of the surfactant. The main contribution of this study is to provide a natural surfactant with superior performance as a viable alternative, offering experimental settings for further improvement in SCA performance. This research provides theoretical guidance for on-site applications of SCA and SOO to enhance oil recovery.
Additional feedforward mechanism of Parkin activation via binding of phospho-UBL and RING0 in trans
Authors: Lenka Dipti , Dahe Shakti , Antico Odetta , Sahoo Pritiranjan , Prescott Alan R. , Muqit Miratul M. K. , Kumar Atul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Loss of function Parkin mutations lead to early-onset of Parkinson’s disease. Parkin is an auto-inhibited ubiquitin E3 ligase activated by phosphorylation of its ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain and ubiquitin by PINK1. Herein, we show a competitive binding mode of the phospho-Ubl and RING2 domains on the RING0 domain, which regulates Parkin activity. We show that phosphorylated Parkin can directly complex with unmodified Parkin, leading to the activation of autoinhibited Parkin in trans. Furthermore, we show that the activator element (ACT) of Parkin is required to maintain the enzyme’s kinetics, and the removal of ACT slows the enzyme catalysis. We also demonstrate that ACT can activate Parkin in trans but less efficiently than when present in the cis molecule. Furthermore, crystal structure reveals a new donor ubiquitin binding pocket that plays a crucial role in function. This study provides new molecular insights into Parkin activation, which may aid the development of Parkin activators as a therapeutic strategy against Parkinson’s.
Formin-like 1 β phosphorylation at S1086 is necessary for secretory polarized traffic of exosomes at the immune synapse
Authors: Izquierdo Manuel , Ruiz-Navarro Javier , Fernández-Hermira Sara , Sanz-Fernández Irene , Barbeito Pablo , Garcia-Gonzalo Francesc , Calvo Víctor 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

T-cell receptor stimulation by antigen bound to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on an antigen-presenting cell (APC) induces protein kinase C (PKC) activation and the formation of the immune synapse (IS), followed by depletion of filamentous actin (F-actin) at the central region of the IS (cIS) and the polarization of multivesicular bodies (MVB) and the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) to the IS. These events lead to polarized exosome secretion at the IS. These exosomes are involved in several crucial immune responses such as autocrine activation-induced cell death (AICD) of T lymphocytes and citotoxicity. We analysed here how formin-like 1 β (FMNL1β), an actin cytoskeleton-regulatory protein, regulates MTOC/MVB polarization and exosome secretion at the IS in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. IS formation was associated with transient recruitment of FMNL1β to the IS, which was independent of protein kinase C δ (PKCδ). Simultaneous RNA interference of all FMNL1 isoforms prevented MTOC/MVB polarization and exosome secretion, which were restored by FMNL1β expression. However, expression of the non-phosphorylatable mutant FMNL1βS1086A did not restore either MTOC/MVB polarization nor exosome secretion to control levels, supporting the crucial role of S1086 phosphorylation in MTOC/MVB polarization and secretion. In contrast, the phosphomimetic mutant, FMNL1βS1086D, restored MTOC/MVB polarization and exosome secretion. Conversely, FMNL1βS1086D mutant did not recover the deficient MTOC/MVB polarization occurring in a PKCδ-interfered clone, indicating that S1086 phosphorylation alone is not sufficient for MTOC/MVB polarization and exosome secretion. FMNL1 interference inhibited the depletion of F-actin at the cIS, which is necessary for MTOC/MVB polarization. FMNL1βWT and FMNL1βS1086D, but not FMNL1βS1086A expression, restored F-actin depletion at cIS. Thus, actin cytoskeleton reorganization at the IS underlay the effects of all these FMNL1β variants on polarized secretory traffic. Taken together, these results point out a crucial role of S1086 phosphorylation in FMNL1β activation, leading to cortical actin reorganization and subsequent control of MTOC/MVB polarization and exosome secretion.