bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Firearms Holders by the [Fe(PDT)3]+2 complex. Quantitative Determination of Iron Transfer to the Hand and Its Dependence on Palmar Moisture Levels
Authors: Avissar YY , Sagiv AE , Mandler D , Almog J 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
Quantitative data are reported for the first time on the amounts of iron, which are transferred to the hand upon holding a firearm. Iron levels between 21–315 ng/cm2 were found on volunteers' palms after a single holding of a handgun. Determination of the iron traces was accomplished spectrophotometrically using 3-(2-pyridyl)-5, 6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine (PDT) as a complexing agent. The transfer of iron from firearms to the palm was found to be, by and large a chemical (dissolution) rather than mechanical dislodgement. The prime factor that determines the amount of iron transferred from the firearm to the hand is the moisture level on the palm. These findings are likely to be of importance in courts of law, as well as in the war against terrorism and serious crime.
Understanding Rib Fracture Patterns: Incomplete and Buckle Fractures
Authors: Love JC , Symes SA 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
Reconstructing traumatic thoracic events, especially when soft tissues are absent, requires an advanced understanding of ribcage fracture patterns. The morphology and orientation of ribs complicate the fracture pattern, as a single blow often causes multiple fractures at various locations. Furthermore, fracture types observed in ribs are not explained easily by current bone biomechanic literature. Using evidential skeletal material archived at the Regional Forensic Center, Memphis, the ribs of 43 blunt force trauma cases were analyzed. A total of 195 incomplete fractures and 63 buckle fractures were noted. Incomplete fractures, previously thought to be common in children but rare in adults, were found among individuals ranging in age from 21–76 years. A buckle fracture, failure resulting from compressive instability, has been undefined previously in bone trauma literature but was repeatedly observed in this sample. This study elucidates recognizable rib fracture patterns while emphasizing gross bone examination for force and mechanical factors.
Review of: Color Atlas of the Autopsy
Authors: Davis G G 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
Dr. Wagner wrote his Color Atlas of the Autopsy for crime scene investigators, law enforcement officials, and other professionals who interact with forensic pathologists during the course of an autopsy. Individuals who lack formal medical training have many questions upon seeing their first autopsy, and Color Atlas of the Autopsy attempts to answer these questions by capturing the process of autopsy examination as it unfolds.
Thrombopoietin and Chemokine mRNA Expression in Patient Post-Chemotherapy and In Vitro Cytokine-Treated Marrow Stromal Cell Layers
Authors: Schwartz Gretchen N. , Kammula Udai , Warren M. Kim , Park Matthew K. , Yan Xiao-Yi , Marincola Francesco M. , Gress Ronald E. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractCD34+ cells and megakaryocyte progenitors were lower in marrow from patients after hematological recovery from the first cycle of 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide (FLAC) chemotherapy plus PIXY321 (GM-CSF/interleukin 3; IL-3 hybrid) than in FLAC + GM-CSF or pre-FLAC marrows. Marrow stromal layers, an in vitro model of the marrow microenvironment, express a combination of stimulatory and inhibitory factors that modulate hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. The TaqMan assay and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction were used to measure monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), melanoma stimulatory growth activity, and monokine inducible by interferon-γ (Mig) (inhibitory chemokines for primitive or megakaryocyte progenitors) mRNA levels in in vitro PIXY and GM-CSF-treated and patient post-FLAC marrow stromal layers. Chemokine mRNA was increased after in vitro GM-CSF and to a lesser extent after PIXY treatment. MCP-1 mRNA levels were fivefold higher in FLAC + PIXY than in FLAC + GM-CSF layers, and Mig mRNA was elevated in FLAC + GM-CSF layers. Thrombopoietin (TPO), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and IGF-II (stimulatory factors for primitive and megakaryocyte progenitors) mRNA were also measured. TPO mRNA levels were 30% lower in GM-CSF and PIXY-pretreated than in control layers with no decrease in IGF mRNA. TPO mRNA in stromal layers of patients who developed grade 3 thrombocytopenia (platelets &lt; 20 × 109/l) during the third cycle of FLAC was only 24% of levels in stromal layers of marrow from other post-FLAC patients. Results demonstrate that patient and in vitro treatment had modulatory effects on TPO and chemokine mRNA expression in marrow stromal layers.
In Vivo Demethylation of a MoMuLV Retroviral Vector Expressing the Herpes Simplex Thymidine Kinase Suicide Gene by 5′ Azacytidine
Authors: Di Ianni Mauro , Terenzi Adelmo , Di Florio Sabrina , Venditti Gigliola , Benedetti Roberta , Santucci Antonella , Bartoli Andrea , Fettucciari Katia , Marconi Pierfrancesco , Rossi Ruggero , Martelli Massimo F. , Tabilio Antonio 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWe constructed a functional MoMuLV-based bicistronic retroviral vector encoding the herpes simplex virus type I thymidine kinase gene, which induces sensitivity to the prodrug ganciclovir (gcv), and the reporter β-galactosidase gene (MFG-tk-IRES-lacZ). The U937 histiocytic cell line was transduced with this vector, and a clone (VB71) with high-level transgene expression was selected. Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice were injected with VB71 cells to evaluate the role of long terminal repeat methylation in transgene silencing in vivo and to see whether 5-azacytidine (5′ aza-C) demethylating agent prevented it.We found 5′ aza-C maintained gene expression at high level in vitro. In vivo, time to tumor onset was significantly longer in SCID mice receiving the VB71 cells, 5′ aza-C, and gcv compared with animals treated with either 5′ aza-C or gcv alone. The number of injected tumor cells influences tumor onset time and the efficacy of 5′ aza-C and gcv treatment. The standard gcv treatment schedule (10 mg/kg from d + 1 until the onset of tumor) controlled tumor onset better than short-term treatment with high doses. In conclusion, the results extend our previous findings that transgene methylation in vivo may be prevented with an appropriate schedule of 5′ aza-C and gcv.
Plasma Levels of SDF-1 and Expression of SDF-1 Receptor on CD34+ Cells in Mobilized Peripheral Blood of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Patients
Authors: Gazitt Yair , Liu Qun 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
CXCR4 is the receptor for the chemokine stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1), is expressed on CD34+ cells, and has been implicated in the process of CD34+ cell migration and homing. We studied the mobilization of CD34/CXCR4 cells and the plasma levels of SDF-1 and flt3-ligand (flt3-L) in 36 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients receiving cyclophosphamide (Cy) plus G-CSF (arm A), Cy plus GM-CSF (arm B), or Cy plus GM-CSF followed by G-CSF (arm C) for peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization and autotransplantation.
We observed lower plasma levels of SDF-1 in PBSCs compared to premobilization bone marrow samples. The mean plasma SDF-1 levels were similar in PBSC collections in the three arms of the study. In contrast, SDF-1 levels in the apheresis collections of the “good mobilizers” (patients who collected a minimum of 2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg in one to four PBSC collections) were significantly lower than the apheresis collections of the “poor mobilizers” (≥0.4 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg in the first two PBSC collections; 288 ± 82 pg/ml versus 583 ± 217 pg/ml; p = 0.0009). The mean percentage of CD34+ cells expressing CXCR4 in the apheresis collections was decreased in the PBSC collections compared with premobilization values from 28% to 19.4%. Furthermore, the percentage of CD34+ cells expressing CXCR4 in the good mobilizers was significantly lower compared with the poor mobilizers (14.7 ± 2.1% versus 33.6 ± 2.1%; p = 0.002). The good mobilizers had also significantly lower levels of flt3-L compared with the poor mobilizers (34 ± 4 pg/ml versus 106 ± 11 pg/ml; p = 0.006), Finally, the levels of flt3-L strongly correlated with SDF-1 levels (r = 0.8; p &lt; 0.0001). We conclude: A) low plasma levels of SDF-1 and low expression of CXCR4 characterize patients with good mobilization outcome, and B) the levels of SDF-1 correlate with flt3-L, suggesting an association of these cytokines in mobilization of CD34+ cells.
Successful Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) by Injection of Bone Marrow Cells via Portal Vein: Stromal Cells as BMT-Facilitating Cells
Authors: Fan Tian-Xue , Hisha Hiroko , Jin Tie-Nan , Yu Cheng-Ze , Lian Zhe-Xiong , Guo Shu-Bin , Cui Yun-Ze , Feng Biao , Yang Guo-Xiang , Li Qing , Ikehara Susumu 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWe examined the importance of the coadministration of bone marrow (BM) stromal cells with BM cells via the portal vein. A significant increase in the number of day-14 colony-forming unit-spleen (CFU-S) was observed in the recipient mice injected with hemopoietic stem cells (HSCs) along with donor BM stromal cells obtained after three to four weeks of culture. Histological examination revealed that hematopoietic colonies composed of both donor hemopoietic cells and stromal cells coexist in the liver of these mice. However, when donor HSCs plus BM stromal cells were administered i.v., neither the stimulatory effects on CFU-S formation nor the hemopoietic colonies in the recipient liver were observed.These findings suggest that the interaction of HSCs with stromal cells in the liver is the first crucial step for successful engraftment of allogeneic HSCs. It is likely that donor stromal cells and HSCs trapped in the liver migrate into the recipient BM and spleen, where they form CFU-BM and CFU-S, respectively.
Stem Cell Dose and Tumorbiologic Parameters as Prognostic Markers for Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer Undergoing High-Dose Chemotherapy with Autologous Blood Stem Cell Support
Authors: Hensel Manfred , Schneeweiss Andreas , Sinn Hans-Peter , Egerer Gerlinde , Kornacker Martin , Solomayer Erich , Haas Rainer , Bastert Gunther , Ho Anthony D. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWe report on the prognostic significance of tumorbiologic parameters and CD34+ cell dose in 120 patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who received high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with autologous blood stem cell transplantation as first-line treatment. Her2/neu, p53, Ki67, and bcl-2 protein expression were studied using immunohistochemical staining on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary tumor sections. DNA content of tumor cells (DNA-index) and tumor cell proliferation (S-phase fraction) were measured by DNA flow cytometry. The relationship between these parameters and the CD34+ cell dose and progression free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was analyzed.With a median follow-up period of 40 months (range, 7-89 months), no more than two metastatic sites (relative risk [RR] = 3.84 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.49-10]; p =.005) and hyperploidy (RR = 2.58 [95% CI 1.26-5.26]; p =.009) were independent predictors of longer PFS according to multivariate analysis. Independent prognostic factors of longer OS included one or two metastatic sites (RR = 4.16 [95% CI 1.96-4.16]; p &lt;.001), a positive combined hormone receptor status (RR = 2.45 [95% CI 1.45-4.14]; p =.001) and a high number of infused stem cells (&gt;7.8 × 106 CD34+ cells per kg body weight) (RR = 2.0 [95% CI 1.17-3.42]; p =.01).In conclusion, positive hormone receptors, ≤2 metastatic sites, high DNA-index and high CD34+ cell dose (&gt;7.8 × 106 CD34+ cells per kg) are predictors for a favorable outcome after autotransplantation for MBC. Our observation might indicate a favorable effect of HDCT in MBC patients with overexpression of Her2/neu who might have a worse prognosis when treated with conventional chemotherapy.
In Vitro Functional Gut-Like Organ Formation from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Yamada Takatsugu , Yoshikawa Masahide , Takaki Miyako , Torihashi Shigeko , Kato Yoko , Nakajima Yoshiyuki , Ishizaka Shigeaki , Tsunoda Yukio 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
Background and Aims. Embryonic stem (ES) cells have a pluripotent ability to differentiate into a variety of cell lineages in vitro. We have recently found that ES cells can give rise to a functional gut-like unit, which forms a three-dimensional dome-like structure with lumen and exhibits mechanical activity, such as spontaneous contraction and peristalsis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the electrophysiological and morphological properties of ES cell-derived contracting clusters.
Methods. Electrical activity was examined by an extracellular recording. Morphology and cellular components were investigated by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy.
Results. Clusters with rhythmic contractions displayed electrical slow waves at a regular rhythm, and clusters with highly coordinated peristalsis showed regular slow waves and spontaneous spike action potentials. Immunoreactivity for c-Kit, a marker of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), was observed in dense network structures. Neuronal marker PGP9.5 immunoreactivity was observed only in clusters with peristalsis. The topographical structure of the wall was organized by an inner epithelial layer and outer smooth muscle layer. The smooth muscle layer was provided with an ICC network and innervated with enteric neurons.
Conclusions. ES cells can differentiate into a functional gut-like organ in vitro that exhibits physiological and morphological properties characteristic of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This ES cell-derived gut provides a powerful tool for studying GI motility and gut development in vitro, and has potential for elucidating and treating a variety of motility disorders.
Gene Expression Profile of Megakaryocytes from Human Cord Blood CD34+ Cells Ex Vivo Expanded by Thrombopoietin
Authors: Kim Jeong-Ah , Jung Yu-Jin , Seoh Ju-Young , Woo So-Youn , Seo Jeong-Sun , Kim Hyung-Lae 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
Previously, we investigated the process of megakaryocytopoiesis during ex vivo expansion of human cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells using thrombopoietin (TPO) and found that megakaryocytopoiesis was closely associated with apoptosis. To understand megakaryocytopoiesis at the molecular level, we performed a microserial analysis of gene expression (microSAGE) in megakaryocytes (MKs) and nonmegakaryocytes (non-MKs) derived from human CB CD34+ cells by ex vivo expansion using TPO, and a total of 38,909 tags, representing 8,976 unique genes, were identified. In MKs, many of the known genes, including coagulation factor VII, P-selectin (CD62P), pim-1, azurocidin, defensin, and CD48 were highly expressed; meanwhile, those genes encoding some small G proteins of the Ras family (Rab 7 and Rab 11A) and glutathione S transferase family (1, 4, A2, omega, and pi) showed lower expression levels in MKs. These gene expression profiles will be useful to understand megakaryocytopoiesis at the molecular level, including apoptosis and related signal transduction pathways.
A Subset of ES-Cell-Derived Neural Cells Marked by Gene Targeting
Authors: Xian Hai-Qing , McNichols Elizabeth , St. Clair Andrew , Gottlieb David I. 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
Embryonic stem cells differentiate efficiently in culture into neural progenitors, neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. An embryonic stem (ES) cell line with green fluorescent protein (GFP) inserted into the gene for Olig2, a lineage-specific transcription factor, permits visualization and physical separation of a subset of living ES-cell-derived neural cells. GFP-expressing cells have morphological and antigenic properties of the oligodendrocyte lineage. The differentiation of living GFP-expressing cells can be followed in cultures, and they can be separated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and cultured as pure populations. This system will allow detailed biochemical and molecular analysis of a neural differentiation pathway at a level not previously feasible. The strategy may have general applicability, since other neural lineages can be marked in an analogous manner.
Colocalization Analysis of Sialomucins CD34 and CD164
Authors: McGuckin Colin P. , Forraz Nicolas , Baradez Marc-Olivier , Lojo-Rial Carlos , Wertheim David , Whiting Karen , Watt Suzanne M. , Pettengell Ruth 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
Flow cytometric protocols are employed to identify and characterize hemopoietic stem/progenitor populations before transplantation. Cell surface antigens, including CD34, are employed in this process and widely used in harvest protocols, which largely ignores the potential functional role of such antigens. Transmembrane glycoprotein sialomucins, including CD34 and CD164, have been implicated in cell-to-cell interactions and activation. CD164, also expressed on early hemopoietic populations, was reported to have a possible function facilitating CD34+ cells to adhere to bone marrow stroma. In this study, we employed high-definition laser-scanning confocal microscopy to investigate CD34 and CD164 surface co-localization patterns on bone marrow and cord blood cells and to compare the expression patterns using a three-dimensional computer-generated method developed in house. Differential interference microscopy analysis revealed bone marrow membrane activity was higher than the corresponding cord blood counterpart, perhaps indicating the marrow microenvironmental nature. Fluorescence analysis of CD34 and CD164 antigens showed both were expressed first in a halo-like pattern and second in antigen-dense pockets. Three-dimensional computer analyses further revealed that this pocketing corresponded to dense crest-like surface structures appearing to rise from the point of adherence on the slide. Further, it was found that CD34 and CD164 display strong colocalization patterns on cells expressing both antigens. The dual nature of the CD34 and CD164 antigens discovered here lends further evidence to the previous literature implicating a strong functional link between these two sialomucins, which should be considered in the transplantation arena and in the function of such sialomucins as negative regulators of cell proliferation.
Potential Use of Embryonic Stem Cells for the Treatment of Mouse Parkinsonian Models: Improved Behavior by Transplantation of In Vitro Differentiated Dopaminergic Neurons from Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Nishimura Fumihiko , Yoshikawa Masahide , Kanda Seiji , Nonaka Masahiro , Yokota Hiroshi , Shiroi Akira , Nakase Hiroyuki , Hirabayashi Hidehiro , Ouji Yukiteru , Birumachi Jun-Ichi , Ishizaka Shigeaki , Sakaki Toshisuke 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
Background and Aims. The purpose of the present study was to examine the efficacy of transplantation of mouse embryonic-stem-(ES)-cell-derived tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+) cells into Parkinsonian mice using behavioral tests and immunohistochemical evaluation.
Methods. Undifferentiated ES cells carrying the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene were differentiated into a cell population containing TH+ neurons using a five-step in vitro differentiation method. These ES-cell-derived cells were used as allografts in Parkinsonian mice, made by administering injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Fifteen hemiparkinsonian mice were divided into three groups. Four weeks after 6-OHDA injection, mice in groups 1, 2, and 3 received phosphate-buffered saline, 1 × 104 graft cells, and 1 × 105 graft cells, respectively, into their dopamine-denervated striata.
Results. Improved rotational behavior was observed in the graft-transplanted groups (groups 2 and 3) 2 weeks after transplantation. Mice in group 2 displayed a continuous maintenance of reduced rotational behavior, while those in group 3 showed ipsilateral rotation toward the lesioned side at 4, 6, and 8 weeks after transplantation. Tumor formation was observed in one mouse in group 3. TH+ cells were found at the grafted sites 8 weeks after transplantation in mice in groups 2 and 3, some of which were immunopositive to GFP, demonstrating the presence of dopaminergic neurons derived from the ES cells.
Conclusion. Transplantation of in vitro differentiated ES cells changed rotational behavior in Parkinsonian mice. Our results suggest the potential availability of ES cells for Parkinson's disease.
Engraftment Capacity of Umbilical Cord Blood Cells Processed by Either Whole Blood Preparation or Filtration
Authors: Eichler Hermann , Kern Susanne , Beck Christian , Zieger Wolfgang , Klüter Harald 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) preparation needs to be optimized in order to develop more simplified procedures for volume reduction, as well as to reduce the amount of contaminating cells within the final stem cell transplant. We evaluated a novel filter device (StemQuick™E) and compared it with our routine buffy coat (BC) preparation procedure for the enrichment of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Two groups of single or pooled UCB units were filtered (each n = 6), or equally divided in two halves and processed by filtration and BC preparation in parallel (n = 10). The engraftment capacity of UCB samples processed by whole blood (WB) preparation was compared with paired samples processed by filtration in the nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mouse animal model. Filtration of UCB units in the two groups with a mean volume of 87.8 and 120.7 ml, respectively, and nucleated cell (NC) content of 9.7 and 23.8 × 108 resulted in a sufficient mean cell recovery for mononucleated cells ([MNCs] 74.2%-77.5%), CD34+ cells (76.3%-79.0%), and colony-forming cells (64.1%-86.3%). Moreover, we detected a relevant depletion of the transplants for RBCs (89.2%-90.0%) and platelets ([PLTs] 77.5%-86.1%). In contrast, the mean depletion rate using BC processing proved to be significantly different for PLTs (10%, p = 0.03) and RBCs (39.6%, p &lt; 0.01). The NC composition showed a highly significant increase in MNCs and a decrease in granulocytes after filtration (p &lt; 0.01), compared with a less significant MNC increase in the BC group (p &lt; 0.05). For mice transplanted with WB-derived progenitors, we observed a mean of 15.3% ± 15.5% of human CD45+ cells within the BM compared with 19.9% ± 16.8% for mice transplanted with filter samples (p = 0.03). The mean percentage of human CD34+ cells was 4.2% ± 3.1% for WB samples and 4.5% ± 3.2% for filter samples (p = 0.68). As the data of NOD/SCID mice transplantation demonstrated a significant engraftment capacity of HPCs processed by filtration, no negative effect on the engraftment potential of filtered UCB cells versus non-volume-reduced cells from WB transplants was found. The StemQuick™E filter devices proved to be a useful tool for Good Manufacturing Practices conform enrichment of HPCs and MNCs out of UCB. Filtration enables a quick and standardized preparation of a volume-reduced UCB transplant, including a partial depletion of granulocytes, RBCs, and PLTs without the need for centrifugation. Therefore, it seems very probable that filter-processed UCB transplants will also result in sufficient hematopoietic reconstitution in humans.