bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does winter application of road salt affect zooplankton communities in urban ponds?
Authors: Górecka Aleksandra , Szklarek Sebastian , Frankiewicz Piotr , Kukuła Krzysztof , Wojtal-Frankiewicz Adrianna 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRoad salt (NaCl) is commonly used as a deicer during winter to improve road safety, resulting in freshwater salinization. Such elevated chloride concentrations may have a strong effect on zooplankton, which are key elements in freshwater food webs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chloride ion concentration and inter-pond environmental variability on zooplankton density in four urban ponds over 3 years differing in winter conditions. Analysis of variance showed significant differences in chloride ion concentration and zooplankton density regarding study year and ponds. Redundancy analysis of column water data showed that both the environmental variables (including chloride ion concentration) and the pond location significantly contributed to the model explaining the variability in zooplankton densities. However, the environment variable (referring to the environmental variables) had a smaller contribution (11%) than the POND variable (related to the spatial configuration of the ponds), which contributed 62%, indicating that the dynamics of zooplankton density depended primarily on ecosystem characteristics. Even so, although chloride content was not the main determinant of zooplankton density, their presence in aquatic ecosystems and potential interactions with other types of pollutants could have negative biological and ecological effects.
Interventions against hearing loss as an integral component of successful tinnitus therapy
Authors: Hesse Gerhard , Kastellis Georg 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTinnitus very often develops from acute or chronic hearing loss, mainly inner ear deafness. The frequency of the tinnitus mostly corresponds to the frequency range of the hearing loss and is enhanced by down-regulation of inhibition in the central auditory pathway for these frequencies, in addition to focused attention and enhanced arousal for the disturbing sound. Therefore, interventions to improve hearing such as mid-ear surgery or—more often—electronic devices including hearing aids or cochlear implants (CI) are important for the treatment of tinnitus. In this review, the current German S3 guideline “Chronic tinnitus” and recent literature are discussed.
Validation of the German language version of the Chronic Ear Survey and its psychometric comparison with an established German measurement instrument
Authors: Knoke Michael , Neudert Marcus , Zahnert Thomas , Lailach Susen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
With the Chronic Ear Survey (CES), a validated measurement instrument for the assessment of disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has been available internationally since 2000. The aim of this study was to provide a validated German version of this international instrument and to compare it with the German Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test 15 (COMOT-15).

Methodology
The CES was translated into German via a forward-backward translation process. For validation, 79 patients with COM undergoing middle ear surgery were prospectively included. HRQoL was determined preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively using the CES and the COMOT-15. Pure tone audiometry was also performed at both measurement time points. In the control examination, an additional retrospective assessment of the preoperative situation was additionally performed using the CES and the COMOT-15 to assess the response shift. The determined psychometric characteristics were internal consistency, test–retest reliability, discrimination validity, agreement validity, responsiveness, and response shift for both measurement instruments. Convergent validity of both measurement instruments was assessed using linear regression.

Results
On the basis of the CES, patients with COM could be reliably distinguished from patients with healthy ears. The CES showed satisfactory reliability with high internal consistency (Cronbach α 0.65–0.85) and high retest reliability (r > 0.8). The global assessment of HRQoL impairment correlated very well with the scores of the CES (r = 0.51). In addition, it showed a high sensitivity to change (standardized response mean −0.86). Compared to the COMOT-15, it showed a lower response shift (effect size −0.17 vs. 0.44). Both measurement instruments correlated only slightly with air conduction hearing threshold (r = 0.29 and r = 0.24, respectively). The concordant validity of both measurement instruments was high (r = 0.68).

Conclusion
The German version of the CES shows satisfactory psychometric characteristics, so that its use can be recommended. The CES focuses on the influence of ear symptoms on HRQoL, whereas the COMOT-15 also includes functional and psychological aspects. Due to only minor response shift effects, the CES is particularly suitable for studies with multiple repeat measurements.
Risk for total knee arthroplasty after tibial plateau fractures: a systematic review
Authors: Haslhofer D. J. , Kraml N. , Winkler P. W. , Gotterbarm T. , Klasan A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeTibial plateau fractures (TPFs) may lead to posttraumatic osteoarthritis and increase the risk for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this systematic review was to analyse the conversion rate to TKA after TPF treatment.MethodsA systematic search for studies reviewing the conversion rate to TKA after TPF treatment was conducted. The studies were screened and assessed by two independent observers. The conversion rate was analysed overall and for selected subgroups, including different follow‐up times, treatment methods, and study sizes.ResultsA total of forty‐two eligible studies including 52,577 patients were included in this systematic review. The overall conversion rate of treated TPF to TKA in all studies was 5.1%. Thirty‐eight of the forty‐two included studies indicated a conversion rate under 10%. Four studies reported a higher percentage, namely, 10.8%, 10.9%, 15.5%, and 21.9%. Risk factors for TKA following TPF treatment were female sex, age, and low surgeon and hospital volume. The conversion rate to TKA is particularly high in the first 5 years after fracture.ConclusionBased on the studies, it can be assumed that the conversion rate to TKA is approximately 5%. The risk for TKA is manageable in clinical practice.Prospero registration numberCRD42023385311.Level of evidenceIV.
Tips and tricks for how to become a good reviewer
Authors: Hughes Jonathan D. , Cristiani Riccardo , Hirschmann Michael T. , Musahl Volker , Eriksson Karl , Karlsson Jon 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPeer review is an essential process to ensure that scientific articles meet high standards of methodology, ethics and quality. The peer‐review process is a part of the academic mission for physicians in the university setting. The work of reviewers is of great value for authors, as it gives constructive criticism and improves manuscript quality before publication. Often, however, reviews are of suboptimal quality. Usually, reviewers do not receive formal training either on how to perform a review or on the peer‐review process. In addition, it is generally believed that experienced authors are great reviewers, but this may not always be true. The overarching goal of a review is to make the manuscript better; to help the authors. The purpose of this article is to offer relevant suggestions and provide a checklist on how to perform a useful review.
Processability approach for laser powder bed fusion of metallic alloys
Authors: Castro-Espinosa Homero Alberto , Ruiz-Huerta Leopoldo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractProcessability refers to the ease of achieving the required component while maintaining mechanical performance and processing schedules, which are critical for determining the cost and efficiency of using a given material, from the raw condition to the final product of any manufacturing process. Components built using the laser powder bed fusion with metallic alloys (LPBF-M) process show variability in their mechanical performance, which can be attributed to a range of process parameters and characteristics of the powder material employed by each type of machine. These variations are currently hindering the adoption of this technology at the industrial level. This paper presents a processability approach that could be applied in the LPBF-M to evaluate the possibility of speeding up productivity and minimising the effect on the mechanical properties and relative density and is defined based on the process parameters and powder material characteristics that generate the melting pool and meet bonding criteria at a specific build rate. A case study is carried out with stainless steel 316 (SS316), although this processability analysis could be applied to any other alloy. The results show that a wide range of process parameters generates a suitable processability interval with different values of the build rate. It is also found that slow build rates give rise to less variability in the mechanical properties, while faster rates produce more variability; this is caused by a fast-growing melt pool due to the use of high scan velocities for the SS316 alloy under study.
Species-differences in the in vitro biotransformation of trifluoroethene (HFO-1123)
Authors: Dekant R. , Bertermann R. , Serban J. , Sharma S. , Shinohara M. , Morizawa Y. , Okamoto H. , Brock W. , Dekant W. , Mally A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract1,1,2-Trifluoroethene (HFO-1123) is anticipated for use as a refrigerant with low global warming potential. Inhalation studies on HFO-1123 in rats indicated a low potential for toxicity (NOAELs ≥ 20,000 ppm). In contrast, single inhalation exposure of Goettingen® minipigs (≥ 500 ppm) and New Zealand white rabbits (≥ 1250 ppm) resulted in severe toxicity. It has been suggested that these pronounced species-differences in toxicity may be attributable to species-differences in biotransformation of HFO-1123 via the mercapturic acid pathway. Therefore, the overall objective of this study was to evaluate species-differences in glutathione (GSH) dependent in vitro metabolism of HFO-1123 in susceptible versus less susceptible species and humans as a basis for human risk assessment. Biotransformation of HFO-1123 to S-(1,1,2-trifluoroethyl)-L-glutathione (1123-GSH) and subsequent cysteine S-conjugate β-lyase-mediated cleavage of the corresponding cysteine conjugate (1123-CYS) was monitored in hepatic and renal subcellular fractions of mice, rats, minipigs, rabbits, and humans. While 1123-GSH formation occurred at higher rates in rat and rabbit liver S9 compared to minipig and human S9, increased β-lyase cleavage of 1123-CYS was observed in minipig kidney cytosol as compared to cytosolic fractions of other species. Increased β-lyase activity in minipig cytosol was accompanied by time-dependent formation of monofluoroacetic acid (MFA), a highly toxic compound that interferes with cellular energy production via inhibition of aconitase. Consistent with the significantly lower β-lyase activity in human cytosols, the intensity of the MFA signal in human cytosols was only a fraction of the signal obtained in minipig subcellular fractions. Even though the inconsistencies between GSH and β-lyase-dependent metabolism do not allow to draw a firm conclusion on the overall contribution of the mercapturic acid pathway to HFO-1123 biotransformation and toxicity in vivo, the β-lyase data suggest that humans may be less susceptible to HFO-1123 toxicity compared to minipigs.
Prognostic Value of Combination of Lymphocyte‐to‐Monocyte‐Ratio and CYFRA 21‐1 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Yuxin , Liu Zhichao , Jiang Chao , Pan Jie , Yu Boyao , Zhu Kaiyuan , Xu Yunhua , Li Zhigang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the potential of a combined score based on CYFRA 21‐1 level and LMR as a prognostic predictor for patients with ESCC.MethodsA total of 460 patients who underwent esophagectomy were analyzed, and three groups were established based on the CA‐LMR score. OS and RFS were evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier analysis, and associated factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox analysis. A mpStage system was also established based on the CA‐LMR score.ResultsThe allocation of CA‐LMR score of 0, 1, and 2 was 107 (23.3%), 280 (60.9%), and 73 (15.9%). There was a significant association between CA‐LMR and male gender (P = 0.001), lower BMI (P = 0.035), longer tumor lesions (P = 0.002), and high pT, pN, pStage (P < 0.001, P = 0.011, P = 0.001). The 5‐year OS rates for CA‐LMR scores of 0, 1, and 2 were 75.4%, 60.2%, and 32.8%, respectively (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that CA‐LMR score (P = 0.011) was an independent prognostic factor for OS. The proposed mpStage system, based on CA‐LMR score, demonstrated superior discriminatory ability, monotonicity, homogeneity, and prognosis prediction ability over AJCC 8th pStage system.ConclusionsThe CA‐LMR score, combined with tumor marker and inflammatory index, could use as a potential prognostic indicator; moreover, our modified pStage system exhibited superior stratification and prognostic accuracy for patients with ESCC.
Real-world analysis of ruxolitinib in myelofibrosis: interim results focusing on patients who were naïve to JAK inhibitor therapy treated within the JAKoMo non-interventional, phase IV trial
Authors: Koschmieder Steffen , Isfort Susanne , Schulte Clemens , Jacobasch Lutz , Geer Thomas , Reiser Marcel , Koenigsmann Michael , Heinrich Bernhard , Wehmeyer Jürgen , von der Heyde Eyck , Tesch Hans , Gröschl Benedikt , Bachhuber Petra , Großer Susanne , Pahl Heike L. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract Ruxolitinib (RUX) is a Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor (JAKi) approved in the EU for treating disease‑related splenomegaly or symptoms in adults patients with myelofibrosis (MF). This is an interim analysis of JAKoMo, a prospective, non‑interventional, phase IV study in MF. Between 2012–2019 (cutoff March 2021), 928 patients (JAKi-naïve and -pretreated) enrolled from 122 German centers. This analysis focuses on JAKi-naïve patients. RUX was administered according to the Summary of Product Characteristics. Compared to the COMFORT-I, -II, and JUMP trials, patients in JAKoMo were older (median 73 years), had poorer Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance statuses (16.5% had ECOG ≥ 2), and were more transfusion dependent (48.5%). JAKoMo represents the more challenging patients with MF encountered outside of interventional studies. However, patients with low-risk International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) scores or without palpable splenomegaly were also included. Following RUX treatment, 82.5% of patients experienced rapid (≤ 1 month), significant decreases in palpable spleen size, which remained durable for 24 months (60% patients). Symptom assessment scores improved significantly in Month 1 (median –5.2) up to Month 12 (–6.2). Common adverse events (AEs) were anemia (31.2%) and thrombocytopenia (28.6%). At cutoff, 54.3% of patients had terminated the study due to, death, AEs, or deterioration of health. No new safety signals were observed. Interim analysis of the JAKoMo study confirms RUX safety and efficacy in a representative cohort of real-world, elderly, JAKi-naïve patients with MF. Risk scores were used in less than half of the patients to initiate RUX treatment.Trial registration: NCT05044026; September 14, 2021.
Improving sudden cardiac death risk stratification in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using established clinical variables and genetic information
Authors: Amr Ali , Koelemen Jan , Reich Christoph , Sedaghat-Hamedani Farbod , Kayvanpour Elham , Haas Jan , Frese Karen , Lehmann David , Katus Hugo A. , Frey Norbert , Meder Benjamin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background and aims
The cardiac societies of Europe and the United States have established different risk models for preventing sudden cardiac death (SCD) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The aim of this study is to validate current SCD risk prediction methods in a German HCM cohort and to improve them by the addition of genotype information.

Methods
HCM patients without prior SCD or equivalent arrhythmic events ≥ 18 years of age were enrolled in an expert cardiomyopathy center in Germany. The primary endpoint was defined as SCD/-equivalent within 5 years of baseline evaluation. 5-year SCD-risk estimates and recommendations for ICD implantations, as defined by the ESC and AHA/ACC guidelines, were analyzed. Multivariate cox proportional hazards analyses were integrated with genetic findings as additive SCD risk.

Results
283 patients were included and followed for in median 5.77 years (2.92; 8.85). A disease-causing variant was found in 138 (49%) patients. 14 (5%) patients reached the SCD endpoint (5-year incidence 4.9%). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis shows significantly lower overall SCD event-free survival for patients with an identified disease-causing variant (p < 0.05). The ESC HCM Risk-SCD model showed an area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 0.74 (95% CI 0.68–0.79; p < 0.0001) with a sensitivity of 0.29 (95% CI 0.08–0.58) and specificity of 0.83 (95% CI 0.78–0.88) for a risk estimate ≥ 6%/5-years. By comparison, the AHA/ACC HCM SCD risk stratification model showed an AUC of 0.70 (95% CI 0.65–0.76; p = 0.003) with a sensitivity of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.66–0.998) and specificity of 0.28 (95% CI 0.23–0.34) at the respective cut-off. The modified SCD Risk Score with genetic information yielded an AUC of 0.76 (95% CI 0.71–0.81; p < 0.0001) with a sensitivity of 0.86 (95% CI 0.57–0.98) and specificity of 0.69 (95% CI 0.63–0.74). The number-needed-to-treat (NNT) to prevent 1 SCD event by prophylactic ICD-implantation is 13 for the ESC model, 28 for AHA/ACC and 9 for the modified Genotype-model.

Conclusion
This study confirms the performance of current risk models in clinical decision making. The integration of genetic findings into current SCD risk stratification methods seem feasible and can add in decision making, especially in borderline risk-groups. A subgroup of patients with high SCD risk remains unidentified by current risk scores.

Graphical abstract
Phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase modulates glycerolipid synthesis in Marchantia polymorpha and is crucial for growth under both nutrient-replete and -deficient conditions
Authors: Shimojo Misao , Nakamura Masashi , Kitaura Ginga , Ihara Yuta , Shimizu Shinsuke , Hori Koichi , Iwai Masako , Ohta Hiroyuki , Ishizaki Kimitsune , Shimojima Mie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Main conclusion
The phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase of Marchantia polymorpha modulates plastid glycolipid synthesis through the ER pathway and is essential for normal plant development regardless of nutrient availability.

Abstract
Membrane lipid remodeling is one of the strategies plant cells use to secure inorganic phosphate (Pi) for plant growth, but many aspects of the molecular mechanism and its regulation remain unclear. Here we analyzed membrane lipid remodeling using a non-vascular plant, Marchantia polymorpha. The lipid composition and fatty acid profile during Pi starvation in M. polymorpha revealed a decrease in phospholipids and an increase in both galactolipids and betaine lipids. In Arabidopsis thaliana, phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase (PAH) is involved in phospholipid degradation and is crucial for tolerance to both Pi and nitrogen starvation. We produced two M. polymorpha PAH (MpPAH) knockout mutants (Mppah-1 and Mppah-2) and found that, unlike Arabidopsis mutants, Mppah impaired plant growth with shorter rhizoids compared with wild-type plants even under nutrient-replete conditions. Mutation of MpPAH did not significantly affect the mole percent of each glycerolipid among total membrane glycerolipids from whole plants under both Pi-replete and Pi-deficient conditions. However, the fatty acid composition of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol indicated that the amount of plastid glycolipids produced through the endoplasmic reticulum pathway was suppressed in Mppah mutants. Phospholipids accumulated in the mutants under N starvation. These results reveal that MpPAH modulates plastid glycolipid synthesis through the endoplasmic reticulum pathway more so than what has been observed for Arabidopsis PAH; moreover, unlike Arabidopsis, MpPAH is crucial for M. polymorpha growth regardless of nutrient availability.
Impact of endogenous and exogenous nitrogen species on macrophage extracellular trap (MET) formation by bone marrow–derived macrophages
Authors: Drab Dominika , Santocki Michal , Opydo Malgorzata , Kolaczkowska Elzbieta 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMacrophage extracellular traps (METs) represent a novel defense mechanism in the antimicrobial arsenal of macrophages. However, mechanisms of MET formation are still poorly understood and this is at least partially due to the lack of reliable and reproducible models. Thus, we aimed at establishing a protocol of MET induction by bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDMs) obtained from cryopreserved and then thawed bone marrow (BM) mouse cells. We report that BMDMs obtained in this way were morphologically (F4/80+) and functionally (expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase and NO production) differentiated and responded to various stimuli of bacterial (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), fungal (zymosan) and chemical (PMA) origin. Importantly, BMDMs were successfully casting METs composed of extracellular DNA (extDNA) serving as their backbone to which proteins such as H2A.X histones and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) were attached. In rendered 3D structure of METs, extDNA and protein components were embedded in each other. Since studies had shown the involvement of oxygen species in MET release, we aimed at studying if reactive nitrogen species (RNS) such as NO are also involved in MET formation. By application of NOS inhibitor — L-NAME or nitric oxide donor (SNAP), we studied the involvement of endogenous and exogenous RNS in traps release. We demonstrated that L-NAME halted MET formation upon stimulation with LPS while SNAP alone induced it. The latter phenomenon was further enhanced in the presence of LPS. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that BMDMs obtained from cryopreserved BM cells are capable of forming METs in an RNS-dependent manner.
Orlicz risks for assessing stochastic streamflow environments: a static optimization approach
Authors: Yoshioka Hidekazu , Tomobe Haruka , Yoshioka Yumi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study applies novel risk measures, called Orlicz risks, to the risk and uncertainty evaluation of the streamflow discharge as a primary driver of hydrological and hydraulic processes of interest in civil and environmental engineering. We consider the mixed moving average process governing the discharge whose statistics are explicitly represented as some product of a time-scale characterizing the flow attenuation and a jump moment governing the size and frequency of jumps. The classical Orlicz risks are extended so that not only the upper tail risk but also the lower one of the jump size and attenuation of the discharge can be evaluated within a single mathematical framework. Further, the risk and uncertainty can be individually quantified in a tractable manner by the proposed Orlicz risks. Computing the Orlicz risks reduces to solving a pair of novel static optimization problems that are solvable semi-analytically. The risk and uncertainty involved in the streamflow dynamics can be consistently evaluated by specifying few user-dependent parameters. The associated Radon–Nikodym derivatives as the worst-case model uncertainties are obtained as byproducts. Sufficient conditions for the well-posedness of the Orlicz risks are discussed and numerical algorithms for computing them are presented. We finally apply the proposed framework to a statistical analysis of the streamflow discharge time series data collected at mountainous river environments.