bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autologous replacement of the vocal fold: a new surgical approach for adduction-type spasmodic dysphonia
Authors: Tsunoda Koichi , Amagai Naomi , Kondou Kenji , Baer Tom , Kaga Kimitaka , Niimi Seiji 
Published: April 2005

Many surgical approaches have been developed for the treatment of adduction-type spasmodic dysphonia (SPD). We developed and performed a new type of surgical approach (autologous replacement of the vocal fold).Our new surgical technique increases the advantages and decreases the disadvantages of previous surgical procedures in three ways: (1) It has similar effects to the previous procedures in that it prevents contraction of the thyroarytenoid muscle. (2) It decreases vocal-fold tension, as in framework surgery. (3) It reduces glottal incompetence, as does fibrinogen-glue injection, but it is more suitable because it is autologous. Furthermore, it produces increases in the mass and volume of the vocal-fold body and is also safe because the replacement tissue is autologous.The short-term results appear encouraging in preventing spastic voice while also avoiding vocal-fold atrophy. Long-term follow up will be necessary to determine the actual efficacy. However, this is clearly a possible choice as a surgical approach for treating adduction-type SPD.
Olefin Metatheses and Related Reactions Initiated by Carbene Derivatives of Metals in Low Oxidation States
Authors: Katz Thomas J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractExperiments carried out 24 years ago with tantalum carbenes have led to the much cited hypothesis that metals (other than ruthenium) must be in their highest oxidation states for their carbene derivatives to initiate olefin metatheses. The hypothesis legitimizes the uniqueness of high‐oxidation‐state molybdenum and tungsten carbenes as effective initiators, and it means that the Fischer tungsten carbenes that even earlier were found to initiate olefin metatheses and related transformations must be oxidized before they can be effective. The newer initiators have been termed “well‐defined”, the older “ill‐defined”. But what does the evidence show?
Study of the degree of crystallinity in eudragit/poly(methyl methacrylate) polyblends by X‐ray diffraction
Authors: Ramrakhiani M. , Parashar P. , Datt S. C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPlaques of blends of Eudragit RL 100 (EU) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with different weight‐per‐weight ratios were prepared by compression molding at 150°C. The X‐ray diffraction profiles of the blends were studied and compared, and the interplanar distance, crystallite size, and crystallinity were computed for various peaks. The Eu/PMMA blend with a 70:30 (w/w) ratio had the maximum crystallinity. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1835–1838, 2005
Miscibility of chitosan–hydroxyethylcellulose blends in aqueous acetic acid solutions at 35°C
Authors: Wali A. C. , Naidu B. Vijaya Kumar , Mallikarjuna N. N. , Sainkar S. R. , Halligudi S. B. , Aminabhavi T. M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe miscibility of blends of chitosan and hydroxyethylcellulose in a 2% acetic acid solution was studied by viscometry, densitometry, and refractometry at 35°C. The data suggest that the blends were completely miscible in all proportions. Further, the membranes were fabricated from concentrated blend solutions. The solid‐state compatibility of the blends was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1996–1998, 2005
Psycho‐social support to large numbers of traumatized people in post‐conflict societies: an approach to community development in Guatemala
Authors: Anckermann Sonia , Dominguez Manuel , Soto Norma , Kjaerulf Finn , Berliner Peter , Naima Mikkelsen Elizabeth 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe main challenge for community development efforts in post‐conflict societies with large numbers of traumatized people is to create hope and reconciliation through community healing and participatory democratic community development. The community development efforts should aim at creating a set of values and practices conducive to peaceful co‐existence through non‐violent conflict resolution, thereby reducing the alarming levels of violence in post‐conflict societies.This article describes a community development approach in Guatemala to supporting people affected by organized violence and torture. Through a description of the theoretical and practical work carried out in post‐conflict Guatemala through the ODHAG‐RCT programme, the article focuses on the relation between the three main pillars of the community development approach; healing, empowerment, and development. The community development approach uses health as the entry strategy to its aim of social and political transformation. Traditionally, health is not perceived as being linked with social and political transformation, but rather as the means to increase the health condition of community members. However, this article will show how community social psychology can be integrated in an understanding of political and economic community development. Hence it is argued that the outcome of the community development approach is measured through observations of the group as well as the political and economic developments of the community, and not only through a decrease in health related symptoms. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast algorithm for the solution of large‐scale non‐negativity‐constrained least squares problems
Authors: Van Benthem Mark H. , Keenan Michael R. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAlgorithms for multivariate image analysis and other large‐scale applications of multivariate curve resolution (MCR) typically employ constrained alternating least squares (ALS) procedures in their solution. The solution to a least squares problem under general linear equality and inequality constraints can be reduced to the solution of a non‐negativity‐constrained least squares (NNLS) problem. Thus the efficiency of the solution to any constrained least square problem rests heavily on the underlying NNLS algorithm. We present a new NNLS solution algorithm that is appropriate to large‐scale MCR and other ALS applications. Our new algorithm rearranges the calculations in the standard active set NNLS method on the basis of combinatorial reasoning. This rearrangement serves to reduce substantially the computational burden required for NNLS problems having large numbers of observation vectors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy and Electron Transfer in Polyacetylene‐Linked Zinc–Porphyrin–[60]Fullerene Molecular Wires
Authors: Vail Sean A. , Krawczuk Paul J. , Guldi Dirk M. , Palkar Amit , Echegoyen Luis , Tomé Joao P. C. , Fazio Michael A. , Schuster David I. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe synthesis and electrochemical and photophysical studies of a series of alkyne‐linked zinc–porphyrin–[60]fullerene dyads are described. These dyads represent a new class of fully conjugated donor–acceptor systems. An alkynyl–fullerene synthon was synthesized by a nucleophilic addition reaction, and was then oxidatively coupled with a series of alkynyl tetra‐aryl zinc–porphyrins with 1–3 alkyne units. Cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry studies confirmed that the porphyrin and fullerene are electronically coupled and that the degree of electronic interaction decreases with increasing length of the alkyne bridge. In toluene, energy transfer from the excited zinc–porphyrin singlet to the fullerene moiety occurs, affording fullerene triplet quantum yields of greater than 90 %. These dyads exhibit very rapid photoinduced electron transfer in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and benzonitrile (PhCN), which is consistent with normal Marcus behavior. Slower rates for charge recombination in THF versus PhCN clearly indicate that charge‐recombination events are occurring in the Marcus inverted region. Exceptionally small attenuation factors (β) of 0.06±0.005 Å−1 demonstrate that the triple bond is an effective mediator of electronic interaction in zinc–porphyrin–alkyne–fullerene molecular wires.
Spanning triangulations in graphs
Authors: Kühn Daniela , Osthus Deryk 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe prove that every graph of sufficiently large order n and minimum degree at least 2n/3 contains a triangulation as a spanning subgraph. This is best possible: for all integers n, there are graphs of order n and minimum degree ⌈2n/3⌉  − 1 without a spanning triangulation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory
Tissue hyperoxygenation promotes oxidative metabolism in motor unit
Authors: Huang Fei , Shimizu Takahiko , Ishihara Akihiko , Yuasa Shigeki , Nishimura Kinya , Kugimiya Toyoki , Shirasawa Takuji 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSome mutant hemoglobin (Hb) variants are found with lowered O2 affinity. Low oxygen affinity is reported to increase the O2 availability in peripheral tissues (Kunert et al. [1996] Microvasc. Res. 52:58–68). In the present study, we used a mouse model carrying two low‐affinity Hb variants, Titusville and Presbyterian, to evaluate the chronic in vivo influence of lowered oxygen affinity on the neuromuscular system. Our model mice showed an increased voluntary running ability compared with wild‐type littermates. In the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of mutant mice, the glycolytic fibers were converted to oxidative ones in where the activity of the mitochondrial marker enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) was up‐regulated. We report that the spinal ventral horn motoneurons innervating TA skeletal fibers also showed higher mitochondrial oxidative enzyme activity. This phenomenon was evidenced by increased SDH activity and electron microscopic (EM) mitochondrial electronic density in these motoneurons. Our data suggest that, as the result of adaptation to the tissue hyperoxygenation, energy metabolism in the neuron–muscle motor unit is augmented and thus function of the motor unit is promoted. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physicochemical, carbohydrate and sensory characteristics of highbush and rabbiteye blueberry cultivars
Authors: Silva Juan L , Marroquin Estuardo , Matta Frank B , Garner James O , Stojanovic Jelena 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe chemical composition, colour and texture of fresh berries from three rabbiteye (‘Climax’, ‘Premier’ and ‘Tifblue’) and two highbush (‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Jersey’) blueberry cultivars were measured. Shear (482 vs 290 N), compression (6.50 vs 3.96 N) and puncture forces (1.48 and 0.85 vs 0.81 and 0.43 N) were higher (P ≤ 0.05) for rabbiteye than for highbush cultivars. Shear for ‘Bluecrop’ blueberries averaged 254 N, whereas for ‘Climax’ it was 565 N. The puncture force required to penetrate the skin was lower for ‘Bluecrop’ (0.78 N) and ‘Jersey’ (0.83 N) and higher for ‘Climax’ (1.71 N). However, sensory panellists found no differences (P > 0.05) in colour, flavour or skin toughness among the five cultivars. ‘Climax’ was rated lower in seediness. Rabbiteye cultivars contained more fibre and complex polysaccharides than highbush cultivars. These differences in complex carbohydrates that make up the cell wall layers may contribute to the toughness of rabbiteye cultivars and their possible longer fresh shelf‐life, though taste panellists did not find this toughness objectionable. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Application of nisin, CO2 and a permeabilizing agent in the preservation of refrigerated blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou)
Authors: Cabo Marta L , Herrera Juan JR , Sampedro Gabriel , Pastoriza Laura 
Published: March 2005

AbstractGram‐negative bacteria are mainly responsible for spoilage of refrigerated fish. Nevertheless, to preserve refrigerated fresh fish no additives are permitted and only packaging as in a modified atmosphere can be used. Despite the fact that the present‐day application of nisin has been extended to dairy and meat products, its ineffectiveness against Gram‐negative bacteria complicates application to fresh fish unless combined with other additives such as chelators. With this aim, agents that increase the permeability of the membrane and facilitate the diffusion of many hydrophobic antimicrobial agents were screened for their combined activity with nisin against different genera of Gram‐negative bacteria. Quantification of the synergistic effects has shown sodium hexamethaphosphate (SMP) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were the most effective. Further studies were done on the combined effects of nisin, SMP and CO2 in the preservation of fresh fish. A factorial experimental design was used to determine synergism between these variables. Logarithmic values of total viable counts and total volatile bases after 12 days of storage were described by empirical equations. Analysis of the results showed a marked effect of CO2 in decreasing both variables. Whereas CO2 interacted positively with nisin and SMP, a non‐significant interaction was observed between nisin and SMP. It is concluded that CO2 interacts readily with SMP, and may offer an additional advantage for CO2‐rich atmospheres in food preservation. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Method for checking label accuracy in barn and free range eggs
Authors: Gregory Neville G , Gepp Mark J , Babidge Peter J 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe aim was to develop a method for testing whether eggs sold as either ‘barn’ or free range' were laid under cage conditions. The surface patterns on 11 520 eggs from cage, barn and free range production systems were examined under ultraviolet light for distinctive fluorescent marks associated with each production system. In addition, the effects of egg washing, egg size, condensation and cage dusting on the prevalence of the fluorescent patterns associated with the cage production system were examined. The prevalence of fluorescent white double parallel lines with 2.2–2.5 cm spacing was a distinguishing feature for eggs laid on wire floors in cages. If five or more eggs in a sample of 90 eggs have double fluorescent lines it can be concluded with greater than 999 in 1000 probability that the batch contains some cage‐laid eggs. Dust from the egg collection area below the feed trough was the main source of the fluorescent material. Washing the eggs removed or obscured the double lines. Egg size and condensation had limited effects on the prevalence of double lines. Infrequent dusting of the wire floor did not reduce the value of the test. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Acute exertional compartment syndrome in the setting of anabolic steroids: An unusual cause of bilateral footdrop
Authors: Liem Nathania R. , Bourque Pierre R. , Michaud Claudine 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAcute exertional compartment syndrome is the result of muscle ischemia within a tight fascial compartment. We report a 22‐year‐old boxer, with recent intake of anabolic steroids, who developed acute exertional compartment syndrome of the lower legs following an assault from which he had to run away. He presented with bilateral footdrop. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) and electromyography (EMG) were consistent with bilateral deep and superficial peroneal neuropathies, but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated hemorrhagic necrosis of the pretibial muscles. This case illustrates that the differential diagnosis for footdrop includes not only central and peripheral nervous system and muscle causes, but also compartment syndromes. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Novel thermal curing reaction of oxetane resins with polyfunctional phenols
Authors: Nishikubo Tadatomi , Kudo Hiroto , Yoshihara Mayu , Maruyama Ken 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe thermal curing reaction of polyfunctional oxetanes (oxetane resins) such as tris[4‐(3‐ethyloxetane‐3‐yl)methoxyphenyl]methane (TEOMP) and 1,3,5‐tris(3‐ethyl‐3‐oxetanylmethoxy)benzene with certain polyfunctional phenols was performed in bulk with quaternary onium salts as catalysts. The reaction proceeded smoothly at 180–220 °C and produced insoluble gel products, and the rate of gel production increased with the reaction temperature. The rate of the addition reaction of TEOMP with 3,3′,5,5′‐tetrachlorobisphenol A was also measured by IR spectroscopy, and the rate of reaction was proportional to the product of the oxetane concentration and the catalyst concentration in the film state. Furthermore, the glass‐transition temperatures and 5 and 10 wt % weight‐loss temperatures of the resulting gel products were confirmed with differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, and the glass‐transition temperatures and 5 wt % weight‐loss temperatures were 127–162 °C and 323–351 °C, respectively. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 2028–2037, 2005
The effect of charge on kink migration at 90° partial dislocations in SiC
Authors: Blumenau A. T. , Eberlein T. A. G. , Jones R. , Öberg S. , Frauenheim T. , Briddon P. R. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSiC bipolar devices show a degradation under forward‐biased operation which has been linked with a recombination enhanced motion of one of the two glide dislocations having either Si or C core atoms. We have carried out calculations of the core structures and dynamics of partial dislocations in 3C and 2H–SiC using the density functional based codes DFTB and AIMPRO. After in earlier theoretical work we reported on the structure, energetics and electronic activity of both of the Shockley partials, and on the formation and migration barriers of kinks, in this work we present first results on the effect of charge on the disloction kinks. The calculations give insights into the device degradation mechanism. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
InGaN multiple quantum well lasers grown by MBE
Authors: Heffernan J. , Kauer M. , Johnson K. , Zellweger C. , Hooper S. E. , Bousquet V. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe report progress in the development of InGaN multiple quantum well laser diodes grown by MBE. Lasers were grown by gas‐source MBE using ammonia as the source of nitrogen. Devices were grown on both GaN template substrates with dry‐etched laser facets, and on low dislocation density free‐standing GaN substrates where cleaved laser facets are possible. We have achieved a minimum threshold current density of ∼11 kA cm–2 on templates and ∼7 kA cm–2 on free‐standing GaN. On GaN substrates we have achieved room temperature operation with a pulsed duty cycle of 10%. Further optimisation of the device is required to reduce thermal effects and achieve CW operation. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
MOVPE homoepitaxial growth on vicinal GaN(0001) substrates
Authors: Xu Xueping , Vaudo Robert P. , Flynn Jeffery , Dion Joe , Brandes George R. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractHomoepitaxial growth of GaN by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) was systematically evaluated using nominal c‐plane and various vicinal GaN(0001) wafers: 1°, 2°, 4°, and 8° offcut in the directions of 〈10$\bar 1$0〉 and 〈11$\bar 2$0〉. It was found that a hillock morphology formed on the nominal c‐plane substrate whereas smooth epi films were formed on vicinal substrates. Silicon‐doped films showed similarly improved surface morphology with offcut angle, however Mg‐doped films exhibited a rougher microstructure. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Improvement of photoluminescence by Si delta‐doping in GaN barrier layer of GaN/InxGa1–xN multi‐quantum wells
Authors: Kwon Min‐Ki , Park Il‐Kyu , Beak Sung‐Ho , Kim Ja‐Yeon , Park Seong‐Ju 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe report on the effect of Si delta doping in the barriers of multi‐quantum wells (MQWs) grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The room temperature photoluminescence (PL) intensity of the MQW sample with Si delta doped barriers was improved by 33 times compared to that of a MQW sample without Si delta doped barriers. The temperature dependent PL measurement showed slow quenching of the integrated PL intensity of the MQW sample grown by using Si delta doping process as temperature increased compared to that of normal MQW sample. This was attributed to the effective injection of electron from the Si delta doped layer into quantum well (QW) layer as temperature increased and also the higher hole confinement resulted from the higher band offset. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An algorithm for interpretation of low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation product ion spectra for de novo sequencing of peptides
Authors: Zhong Hongying , Li Liang 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAn algorithm for interpretation of product ion spectra of peptides generated from ion trap mass spectrometry is developed for de novo amino acid sequencing of peptides for the purpose of protein identification. It is based on a multi‐pass analysis of product ion data using a rigorous data extraction and sequence interpretation protocol in the initial pass. The extraction/interpretation algorithm becomes more relaxed in subsequent passes, considering more of the fragment ions, and potentially more sequence candidates. The possible peptide sequences generated by the algorithm are scored according to those sequences which best explain the fragment ion spectrum. These sequences are searched against a protein database using a BLAST search engine to find likely protein candidates. The method is also suitable for locating and determining protein modifications, and can be applied to de novo interpretation of peptide fragment ions in the tandem mass (MS/MS) spectrum produced from a mixture of two peptides having similar nominal mass, but different sequences. Using a known protein, bovine serum albumin, as an example, it is illustrated that this method is rapid and efficient for MS/MS spectral interpretation. This method combined with BLAST programs is then applied to search homologies and to generate information on post‐translational modifications of an unknown protein isolated from shark cartilage that does not have a complete genome or proteome database. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamics of Grain Boundaries in Two‐Dimensional Hydrogen‐Bonded Molecular Networks
Authors: Lackinger Markus , Griessl Stefan , Kampschulte Lorenz , Jamitzky Ferdinand , Heckl Wolfgang M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe temporal evolution of domain boundaries of hydrogen‐bonded molecular monolayers at the liquid–solid interface is evaluated by recording series of subsequent scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images. Comparison of dissimilar benzene carboxylic acids reveals a clear distinction between one‐ and two‐dimensional H‐bonded network structures. Trimesic acid forms a two‐dimensionally H‐bonded networked structure, whereas terephthalic acid organizes in a dense packing of H‐bonded linear chains on a graphite surface. In addition, TMA forms a sixfold lattice on a threefold graphite substrate, whereas TPA exhibits only a twofold lattice, causing a high grain‐boundary line energy for the latter. In the case of TMA the nanostructure was mostly stable during the observation time. For TPA, Ostwald ripening—that is, the growth of larger islands at the expense of smaller islands—was observed. To explain the various experimentally observed timescales of the dynamics occurring at grain boundaries, molecular mechanics simulations were applied to calculate the binding energy of edge molecules, that is, the line energy, of finite islands of both trimesic and terephthalic acid on a graphite substrate.