bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giant Cell Tumour of Metacarpal with Pulmonary and Skeletal Metastases
Authors: SANJAY B. K. S. , YOUNGE D. A. 
Published: September 2005

A case of giant cell tumour of the left fifth metacarpal with pulmonary and skeletal metastases is reported with follow-up of 14 years. The pulmonary metastases were treated by chemotherapy, but the size of the metastatic nodules continued to increase, and no further treatment was given. The pulmonary metastatic nodules started to regress 8 years after the diagnosis without any treatment, and had disappeared after 14 years. The skeletal metastases were unchanged at the latest follow-up. Both pulmonary and skeletal metastases have been asymptomatic for the 14 years after they were diagnosed. It is suggested that pulmonary metastases of benign giant cell tumour has a good long-term prognosis and these patients should be kept under observation only, avoiding extensive lobectomy, chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Pascal Dusapin round-up
Authors: Conway Paul 
Published: September 2005

PASCAL DUSAPIN: Perelà, uomo di fumo. Orchestre National de Montpellier c. Alain Altinoglu. Naïve MO 782168 (2-CD set).DUSAPIN: 7 Études pour piano; À quia (piano concerto). Ian Pace (pno), Orchestre de Paris c. Christoph Eschenbach. Naïve MO 782164.DUSAPIN: Granum Sinapis; Umbrae Mortis; Dona eis. Choeur de Chamber Accentus, Ensemble Ars Nova c. Laurence Equilbey. Naïve MO 782116.DUSAPIN: String Quartets Nos. 1 and 4. Danel String Quartet. Accord 476 1919.DUSAPIN: String Quartets Nos. 2 ‘Time Zones’ and 3. DUTILLEUX: Ainsi la Nuit. Arditti String Quartet. Naïve MO 782125.
ChemDB: a public database of small molecules and related chemoinformatics resources
Authors: Chen Jonathan , Swamidass S. Joshua , Dou Yimeng , Bruand Jocelyne , Baldi Pierre 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Motivation: The development of chemoinformatics has been hampered by the lack of large, publicly available, comprehensive repositories of molecules, in particular of small molecules. Small molecules play a fundamental role in organic chemistry and biology. They can be used as combinatorial building blocks for chemical synthesis, as molecular probes in chemical genomics and systems biology, and for the screening and discovery of new drugs and other useful compounds.
Results: We describe ChemDB, a public database of small molecules available on the Web. ChemDB is built using the digital catalogs of over a hundred vendors and other public sources and is annotated with information derived from these sources as well as from computational methods, such as predicted solubility and three-dimensional structure. It supports multiple molecular formats and is periodically updated, automatically whenever possible. The current version of the database contains approximately 4.1 million commercially available compounds and 8.2 million counting isomers. The database includes a user-friendly graphical interface, chemical reactions capabilities, as well as unique search capabilities.
Availability: Database and datasets are available on
Contact: pfbaldi@ics.uci.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary materials are available on
Functional benefits of predator species diversity depend on prey identity
Authors: Wilby A. , Villareal S. C. , Lan L. P. , Heong K. L. , Thomas M. B. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract. 1. Determining the functional significance of species diversity in natural enemy assemblages is a key step towards prediction of the likely impact of biodiversity loss on natural pest control processes. While the biological control literature contains examples in which increased natural enemy diversity hinders pest control, other studies have highlighted mechanisms where pest suppression is promoted by increased enemy diversity.2. This study aimed to test whether increased predator species diversity results in higher rates of predation on two key, but contrasting, insect pest species commonly found in the rice ecosystems of south‐east Asia.3. Glasshouse experiments were undertaken in which four life stages of a planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) and a moth (Marasmia patnalis) were caged with single or three‐species combinations of generalist predators.4. Generally, predation rates of the three‐species assemblages exceeded expectation when attackingM. patnalis, but not when attackingN. lugens.In addition, a positive effect of increased predator species richness on overall predation rate was found withM. patnalisbut not withN. lugens.5. The results are consistent with theoretical predictions that morphological and behavioural differentiation among prey life stages promotes functional complementarity among predator species. This indicates that emergent species diversity effects in natural enemy assemblages are context dependent; they depend not only on the characteristics of the predators species, but on the identity of the species on which they prey.
Expression of CD44s, CD44v3 and CD44v6 in benign and malignant breast lesions: correlation and colocalization with hyaluronan
Authors: Auvinen P , Tammi R , Tammi M , Johansson R , Kosma V‐M 
Published: September 2005

Aims:  To examine the expression of CD44s, CD44v3 and CD44v6 in breast lesions, and to correlate it with the expression of hyaluronan (HA).Methods and results:  CD44 expression was studied in 75 breast tissue samples, consisting of benign, premalignant and malignant breast lesions, using immunohistochemistry. CD44s, but not CD44v3 or CD44v6, was found in the stromal cells, and it was similar in benign and malignant tumours. In benign lesions CD44v6 was detected in 20–30% of the ductal epithelial cells, while CD44v3 and CD44s were not expressed. CD44s, CD44v3 and CD44v6 were all up‐regulated in the in situ carcinomas and invasive carcinomas. The level of CD44 expression in carcinoma cells did not correlate with the type or differentiation of the tumours. CD44 and HA expression levels were not closely linked in the benign or malignant breast lesions, because HA was overexpressed later in breast cancer progression than CD44. However, in breast carcinomas CD44 and HA positivity was often found in the same areas of the sections, and the dual staining confirmed actual colocalization of CD44s and HA in the same cells.Conclusions:  CD44s, CD44v3 and CD44v6 are up‐regulated earlier than HA in breast carcinoma progression, and in later stages they often colocalize with cell surface HA.
Usefulness of HBME‐1, cytokeratin 19 and galectin‐3 immunostaining in the diagnosis of thyroid malignancy
Authors: De Matos P S , Ferreira A P , De Oliveira Facuri F , Assumpção L V M , Metze K , Ward L S 
Published: September 2005

Aims : To investigate the usefulness of immunohistochemical expression and immunolocalization of a panel of thyroid malignancy markers including HBME‐1, cytokeratin (CK) 19 and galectin‐3.Methods and results : We evaluated 170 thyroid lesions including 148 neoplastic lesions [84 papillary carcinomas (PC), 38 follicular carcinomas (FC), 18 follicular adenomas, one hyalinizing trabecular tumour, five medullary carcinomas, two anaplastic carcinomas] and 22 non‐neoplastic lesions (12 adenomatous nodules and 10 Hashimoto's thyroiditis). HBME‐1, galectin‐3 and CK19 were expressed in 94%, 72.6%, 72.6% of PCs and in 63%, 21%, 21% of FCs. The three markers were mostly negative in all normal tissues. Although the most helpful marker in terms of sensitivity and specificity for the follicular variant of PC and for FC diagnosis was HBME‐1, when we consider the differentiation between cases of follicular variant of papillary carcinoma (FVPC) and FC or adenoma, in terms of percentage of positive cells, galectin‐3 and CK19 were more relevant.Conclusions : HBME‐1 is the most sensitive marker for thyroid malignancy but the three markers may be useful in specific cases. This panel of markers is useful to differentiate the follicular patterned lesions, with special reference to the FVPC.
20‐Hydroxyecdysone indirectly regulates Hemolin gene expression in Hyalophora cecropia
Authors: Roxström‐Lindquist K. , Assefaw‐Redda Y. , Rosinska K. , Faye I. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDevelopment and innate immune defence are two vital processes that have been demonstrated to use the same or similar molecules and signalling pathways in insects. Hemolin is a moth haemolymph protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is strongly induced upon bacterial infection. However, recent studies indicate a developmental regulation of hemolin. We show that the steroid hormone 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) can activate the expression of Hyalophora cecropia Hemolin (HcHemolin) in the fat body of diapausing pupae. Using the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide we demonstrate that Hemolin up‐regulation by 20E requires ongoing protein synthesis. Moreover, 20E enhances transcription of the Hemolin gene in response to bacteria. Comparing the upstream regions of Manduca sexta Hemolin (MsHemolin) and HcHemolin, we identified four putative regulatory sites. Two are putative hormone response elements (HREs), one with an imperfect inverted repeat (HRE‐IR) and one with a monomeric site (HRE‐M). An additional monomeric hormone receptor site (MRE) is present only in HcHemolin. The third conserved motif is similar to the interferon (IFN) regulatory factor binding element (IRF‐E) and IFN‐stimulated response element (ISRE). The fourth conserved element is a κB motif situated between the Cap‐site and the TATA‐box. Finally, by electrophoresis mobility shift assay we demonstrate that the HRE‐IR forms specific complexes with nuclear extract proteins of normal pupae that increase after 20E stimulation.
The impact of behaviour problems on caregiver stress in young people with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Lecavalier L. , Leone S. , Wiltz J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackground  The purpose of this study was to examine the correlates of caregiver stress in a large sample of young people with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Two main objectives were to: (1) disentangle the effects of behaviour problems and level of functioning on caregiver stress; and (2) measure the stability of behaviour problems and caregiver stress.Methods  Parents or teachers of 293 young people with ASDs completed measures of stress, behaviour problems and social competence. Parents also completed an adaptive behaviour scale. Eighty‐one young people were rated twice at a 1‐year interval.Results  Parents and teachers did not perfectly agree on the nature and severity of behaviour problems. However, both sets of ratings indicated that behaviour problems were strongly associated with stress. Conduct problems in particular were significant predictors of stress. Adaptive skills were not significantly associated with caregiver stress. Parental reports of behaviour problems and stress were quite stable over the 1‐year interval, much more so than teacher reports. Parent ratings suggested that behaviour problems and stress exacerbated each other over time. This transactional model did not fit the teacher data.Conclusion  Results of this study suggested that it is a specific group of externalized behaviours that are the most strongly associated with both parent and teacher stress. Results were discussed from methodological and conceptual perspectives.
Analysis of tear uptake by the Schirmer tear test strip in the canine eye
Authors: Williams David L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjective  To analyze the uptake of tears in a Schirmer tear test (STT) in vitro and in vitro.Materials and methods  Uptake of fluid by Schirmer tear test strips was studied in vitro by examining fluid uptake over time from an unlimited fluid supply as well as with specific fluid volumes applied to the test strip. Uptake of fluid by Schirmer tear test strips was evaluated in a population of 100 ophthalmologically normal dogs together with a group of 40 dogs with tear film abnormalities such as keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) or epiphora. Each animal was given a full ophthalmic examination followed by a standard Schirmer tear test extended over between 3 and 5 min with the STT reading recorded every 5 s and plotted over time. To determine the effect of ocular irritation by the test strip, uptake of tears by test strips was determined before and after topical anesthesia in 20 dogs.Results  In vitro examination of fluid uptake by the STT strips showed an initial rapid uptake followed by a gradual reduction in rate of uptake. Temporal evaluation of STT in vivo showed a similar rapid initial uptake of tear fluid, followed in the majority of cases by a sudden change to a steady state uptake of fluid. The initial gradient was 29.3 ± 16.9 mm/min followed by a steady state uptake of 5.2 ± 2.3 mm/min in normal dogs and 1.9 ± 1.3 mm/min in dogs with KCS. This corresponds to a steady state tear turnover of 7.8 ± 3.4 µL/min in normal dogs and 2.8 ± 1.9 µL/min in animals with KCS. Dogs with nasolacrimal blockage and resultant epiphora showed a high initial gradient but final gradients were not statistically different from those of normal dogs.Discussion and conclusions  Temporal evaluation of tear uptake by the STT shows substantial differences in rate of tear uptake at different time‐points during the period of the test. Results of this study suggest that the initial rapid rise in STT value represents uptake from the tear lake followed by a slower tear uptake of tears from steady state tear production. Temporal examination of the Schirmer tear test allows a more precise evaluation of tear production than the standard STT measuring tear uptake in 1 min, together with estimation of the contribution to the test strip tear uptake of tears from the residual tear lake volume and those from continual tear production.
Multifocal chorioretinal lesions in Borzoi dogs
Authors: Storey Eric S. , Grahn Bruce H. , Alcorn Jane 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectives To identify the prevalence of Borzoi chorioretinopathy in western Canada, characterize lesions with fluorescein angiography, determine if lesions were progressive, clarify the association of progressive retinal atrophy and investigate the etiology.Materials and methods Serial ophthalmic examination, fundus photography, electroretinography, and fluorescein angiography were used to evaluate Borzoi dogs with lesions of Borzoi chorioretinopathy. Pedigree analysis and test breeding of two affected dogs were completed to determine the heritability of Borzoi chorioretinopathy.Results One hundred three Borzoi dogs were examined between 1998 and 2003. Focal, peripheral, tapetal, hyper‐reflective and pigmented areas consistent with focal retinal degeneration and RPE pigmentation were identified in 12 dogs between 7 months and 7 years of age. Seven males and five female dogs were affected. Ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography over 5 years revealed individual lesions that did not progress or coalesce in 12 affected dogs. Electroretinography of affected and normal Borzoi dogs confirmed that retinal function was similar in normal and affected dogs up to 7 years of age. Fluorescein angiography was performed in three affected dogs and confirmed intact blood–ocular barriers, focal retinal pigment epithelium hypertrophy, and focal absence of choroiocapillaris corresponding to chronic, focal lesions. Pedigree analysis precluded simple dominant, X‐linked dominant, or X‐linked recessive inheritance. One male dog from the test‐bred litter developed bilateral lesions at 14 months of age. Simple recessive, polygenetic, and acquired etiologies of these lesions cannot be ruled out at this time.Conclusions Borzoi chorioretinopathy is an acquired condition that initially manifests as focal retinal edema and loss of choriocapillaris and tapetum. With time the retina degenerates becoming hyper‐reflective and with RPE hyper‐pigmentation and clumping within the borders of the tapetal lesions. Choriocapillaris remains hypofluorescent on fluorescein angiography. Progressive retinal atrophy was excluded as an etiology of multifocal chorioretinopathy in Borzois dogs. This condition is not inherited by simple autosomal dominant or sex‐linked modes of inheritance.
Ageing affects nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase and oxidative stress enzymes expression differently in mesenteric resistance arteries
Authors: Briones A. M. , Montoya N. , Giraldo J. , Vila E. 
Published: September 2005

Summary 1 Our aim was to study the role of nitric oxide (NO) and arachidonic acid pathways in the α1‐adrenoceptor‐mediated vasoconstriction in mesenteric resistance arteries from 3–4 and 22 to 23‐month‐old Sprague‐Dawley rats. 2 The expression of NO synthase (NOS), cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms, soluble guanylate cyclase, superoxide dismutase and the NAD(P)H oxidase subunits p22phox and p47phox were determined. 3 The NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester, a non‐selective NOS inhibitor, shifted to the left but indomethacin and NS 398, non‐selective and selective COX‐2 inhibitors, shifted to the right the concentration‐response curve for the vasoconstriction by phenylephrine in both age groups. 4 Ageing up‐regulated endothelial NOS and p22phox expression but did not modify COX, soluble guanylate cyclase, superoxide dismutase and p47phox expression. 5 These data suggest that the observed enhancement of eNOS protein expression could constitute a compensatory mechanism to counter‐regulate a chronic loss of NO possibly through increased superoxide anion production from NAD(P)H oxidase induced by age.
A Decision Analysis Approach to Policy Issues: The NAFTA Case
Authors: Ley‐Borrás Roberto 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis article presents decision analysis concepts and tools that can help scholars and decision makers to get a better understanding of policy issues. It describes the structure of knowledge maps for representing uncertain elements in policy issues, and decision frames for uncovering the information elements behind conflicting positions and helps participants find a common ground for agreement. The article also presents the application of these techniques to issues arising from the North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
How Do Career Strategies, Gender, and Work Environment Affect Faculty Productivity Levels in University‐Based Science Centers?1
Authors: Corley Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractRecent studies have shown that in many science and engineering fields, almost 40% of faculty are affiliated with university‐based research centers (Corley & Gaughan, 2005). As major science funding organizations continue to increase annual levels of funding for interdisciplinary science centers, it is likely that this number will increase significantly over the next decade. Moreover, some scholars have argued that the rise of university‐based science centers has already led to the development of a new institutional form for the execution of university‐based research (Bozeman & Boardman, 2004). Yet, interestingly few researchers have studied the impacts of this new institutional form on the productivity of individual researchers.The purpose of this article is to begin to address how individual career strategies and perceptions of scientific work environments within university‐based science centers relate to the productivity of academic scientists who participate in these centers. In particular, this article investigates the relationships between productivity, individual career strategies, and perceptions of scientific work environment across gender. The results of the study demonstrate that university‐based science centers might serve as an equalizing mechanism for male and female productivity levels. Yet, women scientists affiliated with these centers are significantly more likely to feel discriminated against—and they are less likely to embrace the most promising career strategy for the current structure of these centers.
Resistance from Within: Why Mexico's Attempt to Advance an Active Foreign Policy Failed
Authors: Alemán David Mena 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAfter becoming the first opposition candidate to win since 1910, President Vicente Fox kindled expectations at both national and international levels. He claimed he would enhance significantly the scope of the Mexico's foreign policy and engage the country in international politics in a way more befitting of its newly acquired democratic status. Nevertheless, little consideration was given to the fact that for many decades foreign policy in Mexico had been deployed to create an area screened‐off from domestic politics where conflicting factions were brought together and a policy consensus worked out. That consensus was sufficiently ample for the authoritarian elite, given its foreign policy goals and principles. It would, however, fail to suffice for any political leader willing to step outside the box of tradition. Fox did just that. In consequence, widespread reactions of disapproval from key political actors and the media led the president to settle for a more modest international agenda in 2002. This article explores the key processes that triggered so much internal resistance to Fox's foreign policy designs. I argue that these processes underpin what continues to be the essentially autarchic nature and scope of the Mexican foreign policy tradition. Such an autarchic approach is glorified in Mexican political rhetoric, yet has led to many lost opportunities for Mexico. Most importantly, I stress that the Mexican foreign policy tradition discourages and forecloses the kind of engagement in the international arena that seeks to share in rather than to free‐ride the collective efforts of the international community to procure security and peace. So despite its new democratic status, Mexico remains more of a spectator than an actor on the international stage.
Policymaking and the Control of the Nongovernmental Sector: Porfirio Díaz and the Grand Diet
Authors: Reyes Guillermo De Los , Rich Paul 
Published: September 2005

AbstractRegimes and politicians seeking dominance of groups perceived as important to policy formation is not a new phenomena, and this is illustrated by the frustrated efforts of the Mexican president and dictator Porfirio Díaz to gain control of the Masonic lodges of his country. The Grand Diet devised by him as a pan Mexican Masonic alliance eventually collapsed, representing one of his few political failures and confirming the view that Mexican secret societies have seldom been amenable to central control.
John Rawls and Policy Formation
Authors: Gutiérrez Daniel 
Published: September 2005

AbstractLiberalism has bay far been the most appealing ideology in modern political thought, and considered by many as one of human kind's greatest inventions, product of our development as a race. However, new theories have threatened the philosophical foundations upon which liberalism itself stands. One of the most strongly criticized theories is that of the Original Position, developed by the political philosopher John Rawls, and which is itself a fundamental cornerstone in Rawls's Theory of Justice. In this article, I will focus on discussing the problems and questions that arise for policy formation when analyzing the Orginal Position.