bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Routine transthoracic echocardiography in ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack of undetermined cause: a prospective multicentre study
Authors: van der Maten Gerlinde , Meijs Matthijs F. L. , Timmer Jorik R. , Brouwers Paul J. A. M. , von Birgelen Clemens , Coutinho Jonathan M. , Bouma Berto J. , Kerkhoff Henk , Helming Anne Mijn , van Tuijl Julia H. , van der Meer Nicolet A. , Saxena Ritu , Ebink Corné , van der Palen Job , den Hertog Heleen M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background

Guidelines recommend routine transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack of undetermined cause; yet, only limited scientific evidence exists. Therefore, we aimed to determine in these patients the prevalence of TTE-detected major cardiac sources of embolism (CSE), which are abnormalities leading to therapeutic changes.

Methods

Six Dutch hospitals conducted a prospective observational study that enrolled patients with ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack of undetermined cause. Patients underwent TTE after comprehensive diagnostic evaluation on stroke units, including blood chemistry, 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), ≥ 24 h continuous ECG monitoring, brain imaging and cervical artery imaging. Primary outcome measure was the proportion of patients with TTE-detected major CSE.

Results

From March 2018 to October 2020, 1084 patients, aged 66.6 ± 12.5 years, were enrolled; 456 (42.1%) patients were female and 869 (80.2%) had ischaemic stroke. TTE detected major CSE in only 11 (1.0%) patients. Ten (90.9%) of these patients also had major ECG abnormalities (previous infarction, major repolarisation abnormalities, or previously unknown left bundle branch block) that would have warranted TTE assessment regardless of stroke evaluation. Such ECG abnormalities were present in 11.1% of the total study population. A single patient (0.1%) showed a major CSE despite having no ECG abnormality.

Conclusions

This multicentre cross-sectional study in patients who—after workup on contemporary stroke units—were diagnosed with ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack of undetermined cause found TTE-detected major CSE in only 1% of all patients. Most of these patients also had major ECG abnormalities. These findings question the value of routine TTE assessment in this clinical setting.
Analysis of the Influence of Chilled Water Temperature Setpoint on Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumption
Authors: Kyere Esther Benedicta , Jen Tien-Chien , Tartibu Lagouge 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study experimentally analysed the influence of chilled water temperature setpoints on thermal comfort conditions and energy consumption of an office building. Three chilled water temperature setpoints (10 °C, 12.5 °C, and 14 °C) were studied. The indoor environment variables (temperature and relative humidity) which are considered indicators of thermal comfort were recorded with data loggers for three consecutive days for each chilled water temperature setpoint (CWTS). Similarly, energy consumption was used as a metric to determine the system’s efficiency. The predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) and predicted mean vote (PMV) indicators were computed and analysed using the Thermal Comfort/ASHRAE 55-2020 modelling tool from the centre for the built environment (CBE). Additionally, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling and analysis were performed using ANSYS Fluent to study the indoor environment conditions of the office at the different chilled water temperature setpoints. A comparison between the calculated, measured, and predicted satisfaction of occupants was done. The results obtained when varying the chilled water temperature setpoints reveal that increasing the chilled water temperature setpoint (by 12%) reduces energy consumption per hour by 2% without compromising thermal comfort. The study demonstrated that the CWTS could be reset between 14 and 15 °C to reduce energy consumption and maintain thermal comfort. Moreover, the CFD model can be used to compare the indoor environmental characteristics of chiller systems.
Untargeted metabolomics analysis of four date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars using MS and NMR
Authors: Alsuhaymi Shuruq , Singh Upendra , Al-Younis Inas , Kharbatia Najeh M. , Haneef Ali , Chandra Kousik , Dhahri Manel , Assiri Mohammed A. , Emwas Abdul-Hamid , Jaremko Mariusz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSince ancient times, the inhabitants of dry areas have depended on the date palm (PhoenixdactyliferaL.) as a staple food and means of economic security. For example, dates have been a staple diet for the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Sahara Desert in North Africa for millennia and the local culture is rich in knowledge and experience with the benefits of dates, suggesting that dates contain many substances essential for the human body. Madinah dates are considered one of the most important types of dates in the Arabian Peninsula, with Ajwa being one of the most famous types and grown only in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Date seeds are traditionally used for animal feed, seed oil production, cosmetics, and as a coffee substitute. Phytochemical compounds that have been detected in date fruits and date seeds include phenolic acids, carotenoids, and flavonoids. Phenolic acids are the most prevalent bioactive constituents that contribute to the antioxidant activity of date fruits. The bioactive properties of these phytochemicals are believed to promote human health by reducing the risk of diseases such as chronic inflammation. Ajwa dates especially are thought to have superior bioactivity properties. To investigate these claims, in this study, we compare the metabolic profiles of Ajwa with different types of dates collected from Saudi Arabia and Tunisia. We show by UHPLC-MS that date seeds contain several classes of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and amino acid derivatives, including citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, and hydroxyadipic acid. Additionally, GC–MS profiling showed that date seeds are richer in metabolite classes, such as hydrocinnamic acids (caffeic, ferulic and sinapic acids), than flesh samples. Deglet N fruit extract (minimum inhibitory concentration: 27 MIC/μM) and Sukkari fruit extract (IC50: 479 ± 0.58μg /mL) have higher levels of antibacterial and antioxidative activity than Ajwa fruits. However, the seed analysis showed that seed extracts have better bioactivity effects than fruit extracts. Specifically, Ajwa extract showed the best MIC and strongest ABTS radical-scavenging activity among examined seed extracts (minimum inhibitory concentration: 20 μM; IC50: 54 ± 3.61μg /mL). Our assays are a starting point for more advanced in vitro antibacterial models and investigation into the specific molecules that are responsible for the antioxidative and anti-bacterial activities of dates.Graphical Abstract
Perspectives on flow biocatalysis: the engine propelling enzymatic reactions
Authors: Benítez-Mateos Ana I. , Paradisi Francesca 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFlow biocatalysis has emerged as an empowering tool to boost the potential of enzymatic reactions towards more automatized, sustainable, and generally efficient synthetic processes. In the last fifteen years, the increasing number of biocatalytic transformations carried out in continuous flow exemplified the benefits that this technology can bring to incorporate biocatalysis into industrial operations. This perspective aims to capture in a nutshell the available methodologies for flow biocatalysis as well as to discuss the current limitations and the future directions in this field.
Graphical abstract
Improved detection, mealybug transmission and prevalence of grapevine Roditis leaf discoloration-associated virus in Greek vineyards
Authors: Sassalou Chrysoula-Lito , Panailidou Polina , Chiumenti Michela , Reynard Jean-Sebastien , Lotos Leonidas , Minafra Angelantonio , Katis Nikolaos I. , Maliogka Varvara I. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGrapevine Roditis leaf discoloration-associated virus (GRLDaV) is a member of the species Badnavirus decoloratiovitis in the genus Badnavirus that was recently identified in grapevine using high throughput sequencing. In this study, a large-scale survey was conducted to monitor the prevalence of the virus in major viticultural areas of Greece. A total of 970 samples were collected from vines and molecularly analysed using PCR assays targeting two regions of the virus genome. GRLDaV was detected in 8 geographic areas of Greece, showing high frequency in southern and central Greece and an overall prevalence of 17.1%. GRLDaV was identified mainly in autochthonous grapevine varieties, and it showed higher frequency in the self-rooted ones, especially in the geographic region of the Cyclades islands. In transmission tests conducted using Planococcus ficus (Signoret) and 48 h acquisition access period (AAP) and inoculation access period (IAP), the virus was transmitted with an efficiency of 14.3% (3/21 grapevines). Finally, electron microscopy revealed the bacilliform morphology of GRLDaV virions, thus further confirming its episomal infection.
Electronic nose versus VITEK 2 system for the rapid diagnosis of bloodstream infections
Authors: Mohamed Ehab I. , Turkey Mohamed S. , Meshref Radwa A. , Ghazal Abeer A. , Shawky Sherine M. , Aboulela Aliaa G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInfectious diseases that spread through the bloodstream, known as bloodstream infections (BSIs), are a major global health problem. Positive outcomes for patients with sepsis are typically the result of prompt treatment started after an early diagnosis of BSIs. In this study, we evaluated the capabilities of a portable electronic nose (E-Nose) to detect BSIs with two commonly isolated Gram-negative bacterial species, E. coli and K. pneumonia. One hundred and five blood samples were randomly collected for blood culture examinations using BACTEC and VITEK 2 system, and headspace analysis by an E-Nose from June to December 2021. Classification accuracy of E. coli, K. pneumonia, and negative controls was measured using principal component analysis, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, and specificity analysis. After incubation for 24 h, cluster plots generated using principal component analysis demonstrated that E-Nose could accurately diagnose the presence of E. coli and K. pneumonia in BACTEC blood culture bottles with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% in just 120 s. The E-Nose method has been shown to be an immediate, precise, and cost-effective alternative to automated blood culture BACTEC and VITEK 2 systems for the fast detection of the causative bacterial pathogens of BSIs in clinical practice. Thus, patients with such Gram-negative bacteremia can have guided empirical antimicrobial therapy on the same day of BSIs diagnosis, which can be lifesaving.
Enhanced removal of estrogens from simulated wastewater by biochar supported nanoscale zero-valent iron: performance and mechanism
Authors: Han Yuping , Xu Huanhuan , Wang Guangzhou , Deng Peiyuan , Feng Lili , Fan Yaoshen , Zhang Jiaxin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe intensification of estrogen non-point source pollution has drawn global attention due to their contribution to ecological environment problems worldwide, and it is critical to develop effective, economic and eco-friendly methods for reducing estrogens pollution. To address the agglomeration and oxidation of nano zero-valent iron (nZVI), biochar-nanoscale zero-valent iron composite (nZVI-biochar) could be a feasible choice for estrogens removal. This study summarized biochar and nZVI-biochar preparation, characterization, and unusual applications for estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3) removal. The properties of biochar and nZVI-biochar in characterization, effects of influencing factors on the removal efficiency, adsorption kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics were investigated. The experiment results showed that nZVI-biochar exhibited the superior removal performance for estrogens pollutants compared to biochar. Based on the quasi-second-order model, estrogens adsorption kinetics were observed, which supported the mechanism that chemical and physical adsorption existed simultaneously on estrogens removal. The adsorption isotherm of estrogens could be well presented by the Freundlich model and thermodynamics studies explained that nZVI-biochar could spontaneously remove estrogens pollutants and the main mechanisms involved π-π interaction, hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bonding and degradation through ring rupture. The products analyzed by GC–MS showed that estrogens degradation was primarily attributed to the benzene ring broken, and Fe3+ promoted the production of free radicals, which further proved that nZVI-biochar had the excellent adsorption performances. Generally, nZVI-biochar could be employed as a potential material for removing estrogens from wastewater.
Graphical Abstract
Investigation of slip systems activity and grain boundary sliding in fine-grained superplastic zinc alloy
Authors: Bednarczyk Wiktor , Kawałko Jakub , Wątroba Maria , Szuwarzyński Michał , Bała Piotr 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Zn alloys are desirable candidates for biodegradable materials due to their great biocompatibility and sufficient mechanical properties. Nevertheless, the most popular strengthening method by grain refinement after cold processing is usually ineffective in Zn alloys. Besides highly anisotropic deformation through a dislocation slip, grain boundary sliding (GBS) plays an important role in total deformation in fine-grained Zn alloys at room temperature (RT). Herein, Zn–0.5Cu (wt. %) alloy is fabricated by RT equal channel angular pressing, and its deformation mechanisms in tension were systematically analyzed at strain rates from 10–4 s−1 to 100 s−1. GBS contribution in total deformation was measured using surface markers and atomic force microscopy. In addition, dislocation slip activity was evaluated via electron-backscattered diffraction-based slip trace analysis. As a result, investigated alloy presents the GBS contribution in a total deformation at RT from 35% at the strain rate 100 s−1 to 70% at 10–4 s−1. Simultaneously, the number of slip-deformed grains decreased from 97.5% to 8%. Moreover, the basal slip system was dominant at all strain rates, while the prismatic and the pyramidal < c + a > slip systems were activated at the higher strain rates. The results presented here for the first time clearly show the complexity of deformation mechanisms in fine-grained Zn–0.5Cu, at significantly different strain rate conditions.
Transcriptomic analysis of wheat reveals possible resistance mechanism mediated by Yr10 to stripe rust
Authors: Wu Zhongyi , Zhang Gaohua , Zhao Ran , Gao Qi , Zhao Jinchen , Zhu Xiaoxu , Wang Fangyan , Kang Zhensheng , Wang Xiaojing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a catastrophic disease that threatens global wheat yield. Yr10 is a race-specific all-stage disease resistance gene in wheat. However, the resistance mechanism of Yr10 is poorly characterized. Therefore, to elucidate the potential molecular mechanism mediated by Yr10, transcriptomic sequencing was performed at 0, 18, and 48 h post-inoculation (hpi) of compatible wheat Avocet S (AvS) and incompatible near-isogenic line (NIL) AvS + Yr10 inoculated with Pst race CYR32. Respectively, 227, 208, and 4050 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at 0, 18, and 48 hpi between incompatible and compatible interaction. The response of Yr10 to stripe rust involved various processes and activities, as indicated by the results of Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Specifically, the response included photosynthesis, defense response to fungus, metabolic processes related to salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), and activities related to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ten candidate genes were selected for qRT-PCR verification and the results showed that the transcriptomic data was reliable. Through the functional analysis of candidate genes by the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system, it was found that the gene TaHPPD (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) negatively regulated the resistance of wheat to stripe rust by affecting SA signaling, pathogenesis-related (PR) gene expression, and ROS clearance. Our study provides insight into Yr10-mediated resistance in wheat.
How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Ignore Unwelcome Epistemic Company
Authors: Piovarchy Adam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe problem of unwelcome epistemic company refers to the problem of encountering agreement with your beliefs from an unwelcome source, such as someone who is known to form unreliable beliefs or have values you reject. Blanchard (2023) and Levy (2023) argue that when we encounter unwelcome agreement, we may have reason to reduce our confidence in our matching beliefs. I argue that unwelcome epistemic company rarely provides reasons to reduce our confidence, and apparent successes at improving our beliefs using unwelcome company are explained by extraneous factors. Seeing why unwelcome agents are rarely evidence our belief is false requires making a distinction between two kinds of agents who regularly form false beliefs: unreliable agents and anti-reliable agents. While unreliable agents are common, they are uninformative. While anti-reliable agents would be informative, they are incredibly rare. Unwelcome agents are also rarely evidence that we have formed our own beliefs via an unreliable process, unless we have independent evidence that we are relevantly similar to them. This is hard to obtain given that unwelcome agents, by definition, have values and methods of forming beliefs that we do not find appealing. Moreover, attempts to use unwelcome company to improve our beliefs are likely to make our beliefs worse off in a number of ways. I argue we should adopt a policy of ignoring unwelcome company, letting them have little impact on our confidence in our beliefs.
The Role of Location in the Spread of SARS-CoV-2: Examination of Cases and Exposed Contacts in South Texas, Using Social Network Analysis
Authors: Jones Eric C. , Rodriguez Daniella , Gimeno Ruiz de Porras David , Kurian Anita , Tsai Jack 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective:
This study sought to better understand the types of locations that serve as hubs for the transmission of COVID-19.

Methods:
Contact tracers interviewed individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between November 2020 and March 2021, as well as the people with whom those individuals had contact. We conducted a 2-mode social network analysis of people by the types of places they visited, focusing on the forms of centrality exhibited by place types.

Results:
The most exposed locations were grocery stores, commercial stores, restaurants, commercial services, and schools. These types of locations also have the highest “betweenness,” meaning that they tend to serve as hubs between other kinds of locations since people would usually visit more than 1 location in a day or when infected. The highest pairs of locations were grocery store/retail store, restaurant/retail store, and restaurant/grocery store. Schools are not at the top but are 3 times in the top 7 pairs of locations and connected to the 3 types of locations in those top pairs.

Conclusions:
As the pandemic progressed, location hotspots shifted between businesses, schools, and homes. In this social network analysis, certain types of locations appeared to be potential hubs of transmission.
Causal Explanation and Revealed Preferences
Authors: Vredenburgh Kate 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article tackles the objection that revealed preferences cannot causally explain. I mount a causal explanatory defense by drawing out three conditions under which such preferences can explain well, using an example of a successful explanation employing behavioral preferences. When behavioral preferences are multiple realizable, they can causally explain behavior well. Behavioral preferences also explain when agential preferences cannot be analytically separated from the environment that produces the relevant behavior (Condition 2) and when the environment is a significant causal factor (Condition 3). Thus, there are not causal explanatory grounds to completely bar revealed preference explanations from social science.
Does the Best System Need the Past Hypothesis?
Authors: Dorst Chris 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMany philosophers sympathetic with Humeanism about laws have thought that the fundamental laws will include not only the traditional dynamical equations, but also two additional principles: the Past Hypothesis (PH) and the Statistical Postulate (SP). PH says that the universe began in a particular very-low-entropy macrostate M(0), and SP posits a uniform probability distribution over the microstates compatible with M(0). This view is arguably vindicated by the orthodox Humean Best System Account (BSA). However, I argue that recent developments of the BSA render the Past Hypothesis otiose. In particular, Pragmatic Humeanism does not support the idea that PH is a law.
Subjectivity and Dialectic: Hegel in Dialogue with Gadamer
Authors: Liu Chunge 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this article, I defend the contemporary significance of Hegel's thought on subjectivity and dialectic by involving Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Hans-Georg Gadamer in a dialogue, and then, by clarifying the characteristics of spirit and concept. Hegel's theory of subjectivity and his thought on dialectic face many criticisms. One such critic is Gadamer; however, Gadamer's philosophy is, in fact, quite close to Hegel's. I take the Hegel-Gadamer relationship as one illustration of Hegel's relevance and influence. I then further demonstrate Hegel's contemporary importance by analyzing the characteristics of spirit and concept. Finally, I propose that Hegel's absolute spirit and concept remain significant.
Divine hiddenness, the demographics of theism, and mutual epistemic dependence: a response to Max Baker-Hytch
Authors: Blanton Andrew 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In his article ‘Divine Hiddenness and the Demographics of Theism’ Stephen Maitzen (2006) develops a permutation of the argument from divine hiddenness which focuses on the uneven distribution of theistic belief around the globe. Max Baker-Hytch (2016) responds to this argument by providing a theodicy which appeals to the fact that humans are epistemically interdependent. In this article I argue that Baker-Hytch's response is at best incomplete and at worst relies on a faulty modal judgement. After exploring some ways Baker-Hytch might salvage his theodicy and maintaining their failure, I conclude with the success of Maitzen's argument.