bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inheritance of petal colour and its independent segregation from seed colour in Brassica rapa
Authors: Rahman M. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe inheritance of petal (flower) colour and seed colour in Brassica rapa was investigated using two creamy‐white flowered, yellow‐seeded yellow sarson (an ecotype from Indian subcontinent) lines, two yellow‐flowered, partially yellow‐seeded Canadian cultivars and one yellow‐flowered, brown‐seeded rapid cycling accession, and their F1, F2, F3 and backcross populations. A joint segregation of these two characters was examined in the F2 population. Petal colour was found to be under monogenic control, where the yellow petal colour gene is dominant over the creamy‐white petal colour gene. The seed colour was found to be under digenic control and the yellow seed colour (due to a transparent coat) genes of yellow sarson are recessive to the brown/partially yellow seed colour genes of the Canadian B. rapa cvs.‘Candle’ and ‘Tobin’. The genes governing the petal colour and seed colour are inherited independently. A distorted segregation for petal colour was found in the backcross populations of yellow sarson × F1 crosses, but not in the reciprocal backcrosses, i.e. F1× yellow sarson. The possible reason is discussed in the light of genetic diversity of the parental genotypes.
Molecular mapping of a locus controlling resistance to Albugo candida in Indian mustard
Authors: Mukherjee A. K. , Mohapatra T. , Varshney A. , Sharma R. , Sharma R. P. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss is widely grown as an oilseed crop in the Indian subcontinent. White rust disease caused by Albugo candida (Pers.) Kuntze is a serious disease of this crop causing considerable yield loss every year. The present study was undertaken to identify molecular markers for the locus controlling white rust resistance in a mustard accession, BEC‐144, using a set of 94 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). The screening of individual RILs using an isolate highly virulent on the popular Indian cultivar ‘Varuna’ revealed the presence of a major locus for rust resistance in BEC‐144. Based on screening of 186 decamer primers employing bulked segregant analysis (BSA), 11 random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were identified, which distinguished the parental lines and the bulks. Five of these markers showed linkage with the rust resistance locus. Two markers, OPN0l000 and OPB061000, were linked in coupling and repulsion phases at 9.9 cM and 5.5 cM, respectively, on either side of the locus. The presence of only two double recombinants in a population of 94 RILs suggested that the simultaneous use of both markers would ensure efficient transfer of the target gene in mustard breeding programmes.
Half‐sib family selection for forage yield in orchardgrass
Authors: Casler M. D. , Fales S. L. , McElroy A. R. , Hall M. H. , Hoffman L. D. , Undersander D. J. , Leath K. T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractGenetic variation for forage yield of orchardgrass is abundant, but there are few reports of progress from selection for increased forage yield. The objective of this study was to estimate direct effects of selection from one cycle of half‐sib family selection for forage yield in orchardgrass. Eleven selected populations were compared with their parent populations within three maturity groups. Populations were evaluated under hay management at three locations and management‐intensive rotational grazing at two locations. Nine of the 11 selected populations differed, by an average of 7.4%, from their parent population in forage yield. Nine of the selected populations also showed changes in Drechslera leafspot reaction, all indicating a negative genetic correlation with forage yield. Selection for high forage yield tended to result in greater ground cover and later relative maturity. However, changes in net herbage accumulation (NHA) under rotational grazing were generally not significant and were uncorrelated with changes in forage yield, indicating that forage yield of hay plots is not correlated with the NHA of grazed plots. Although genetic gains in forage yield measured under hay management were very favourable relative to other reports from the literature, the lack of correlated progress under grazing management indicates that directed selection for NHA of orchardgrass should be conducted under grazing management.
Genetic improvement of agronomic and qualitative traits of spring barley
Authors: Grausgruber H. , Bointner H. , Tumpold R. , Ruckenbauer P. , Fischbeck G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFive experiments, involving 24 genotypes, were carried out over three seasons to estimate the increase both in grain yield and other selected agronomic traits, and in potential malt extract of spring barley achieved by plant breeders during a period of over 160 years. In all experiments there was neither a chemical control of fungal diseases nor physical support of the tall, older genotypes to prevent yield losses from attack by fungi and lodging, respectively. In all experiments the most modern cultivars yielded more than the older ones. Significant breeding progress was also observed for plant height, resistance score, protein content and potential malt extract. The trend over time was generally of a curvilinear nature, showing no or only a slight increase till the 1950s and/or 1960s, and a greater rate of increase during the last 40 years of barley breeding. Using data from the official trials of cultivars and advanced breeding lines a linear increase in yield per year of 60 kg/ha since the 1950s was calculated for the low‐rainfall conditions of eastern Austria.
Marker‐assisted backcross introgression of the Yd2 gene conferring resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus in barley
Authors: Jefferies S. P. , King B. J. , Barr A. R. , Warner P. , Logue S. J. , Langridge P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractYLM, a codaominant polymerase chain reaction (PCR) marker linked to Yd2, could substantially improve the precision and efficiency of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) resistance breeding. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of YLM in a marker‐assisted introgression programme and to quantify associations between the presence of Yd2 and other agronomic and quality traits. The Yd2 gene was introgressed into a BYDV‐susceptible background through two cycles of marker‐assisted backcrossing. BC2 F2‐derived lines, either carrying or not carrying the YLM allele associated with resistance, were compared in the presence and absence of BYDV. The YLM marker was shown to be effective in the introgression of Yd2. Lines carrying the YLM allele associated with resistance produced significantly fewer leaf symptoms and showed a reduction in yield loss when infected with BYDV. There were no deleterious effects associated with the introgression of Yd2 on grain yield, grain size or malting quality. The implications of marker‐assisted selection for Yd2 on barley improvement are discussed.
Recombination of gliadin genes of chromosome 1D in the common wheat hybrid carrying the introgression from Aegilops cylindrica
Authors: Kozub N. A. , Sozinov I. A. , Sozinov A. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractRecombination of co‐gliadin components of the allele ‘_/’ at the Gli‐D1 locus and the allele at the respective locus from Aegilops cylindrica was revealed in the common wheat hybrid carrying the introgression from Ae. cylindrica. Gliadins of single seeds from F2 plants of the cross between the winter common wheat variety ‘Albatros Odesskii’ and the common wheat line carrying the introgression from Ae. cylindrica were analyzed by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophor‐esis. The average frequency of recombination detected between the gliadin components was 0.35%.
In vitro Follicle Growth: Achievements in Mammalian Species
Authors: Cortvrindt R , Smitz J 
Published: March 2003

The exact mechanisms regulating in vivo folliculogenesis in mammalians have only been partly unravelled. Some processes, such as the initiation of growth of primordial follicles are still poorly understood. This increases the difficulty to culture follicles in vitro as the primordial follicles will be the ultimate starting material for culture.There are important species differences in regulation and timing of maturation, which makes it difficult to transpose techniques.Only in the mouse model, live pups were born when primordial or early preantral follicles were cultured entirely in vitro. Although no systems are as yet permitting complete in vitro culture of early follicle stages in large animals or humans, parts of folliculogenesis have been successfully reproduced in vitro. This review summarizes achievements of the last years in follicle culturing starting off at several stages of development.Future applications of in vitro follicle culture include fertility preservation for humans, preservation of rare animal species and creation of oocyte banks for research.
Seroprevalence of Canine Herpesvirus‐1 in the Belgian Dog Population in 2000
Authors: Ronsse V , Verstegen J , Onclin K , Guiot AL , Aeberlé C , Nauwynck HJ , Poulet H 
Published: March 2003

ContentsCanine herpesvirus‐1 (CHV‐1) is known to be associated with fertility and fecundity disorders as well as neonatal mortality in puppies of less than 3 weeks of age. The virus is presumed to be enzootic in dogs all over the world and recent studies in several European countries suggest a high seroprevalence among the dog population. In the year 2000, a total of 647 Belgian canine sera from 102 privately owned patients and 545 breeding dogs were analysed with an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore 77 of the samples were submitted to two serum neutralization (SN) tests for comparison. An overall CHV‐1 seroprevalence of 45.75% was observed in the Belgian dog population. No significant differences could be observed based on breeding status, reason for consultation or sex. The correlation between the ELISA and both SN tests appeared to be moderate with a significantly greater sensitivity of the ELISA. This study also demonstrated that the CHV‐1 seroprevalence in the Belgian dog population is similar to that in other recently investigated European countries and that the incidence in breeding units is not necessarily higher than in non‐breeding dogs.
Limnological features of Funil Reservoir (R.J., Brazil) and indicator properties of rotifers and cladocerans of the zooplankton community
Authors: Branco Christina W. C. , Rocha Maria‐Isabel A. , Pinto Gláucia F. S. , Gômara Gisele A. , Filippo Rodrigo De 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFunil Reservoir receives inflow from a highly industrialized region and acts as a natural sink to pollutants. Among the consequences of the uncontrolled nutrient loading is the constant presence and periodic heavy blooms of Microcystis aeruginosa.

This study verified limnological features and zooplankton assemblage of the Funil

Reservoir focusing on the environmental‐indicator properties of rotifers and cladocerans.

The summer bloom of M. aeruginosa caused reductions in water transparency,

nitrate and orthophosphate concentrations and raises in chlorophyll a, pH,

dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand values. All zooplankton species presented

spatial and temporal variations with the exception of the copepods, which were present

in all samples. According to canonical correspondence analysis, ammonium was the

variable most related to zooplankton variability and different Rotifera and Cladocera

assemblages indicated distinct environment conditions. Rotifer taxa associated with

increases of water temperature and chlorophyll a concentration were found

with high densities during M. aeruginosa blooms. Species of rotifer and cladocerans are suggested as indicators that can be used to identify different physical and chemical gradients or eutrophic increases in Funil Reservoir.
Effects of nutrient enrichment on channel catfish growth and consumption in Mount Storm Lake, West Virginia
Authors: Blanc Todd J. , Margraf F. Joseph 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWith the objective of augmenting fish production in Mount Storm Lake, Virginia Electric and Power Company initiated a programme of phosphorus addition to increase primary production, and ultimately, channel catfish (Ictaturus punctatus) growth in the 486 ha cooling reservoir. We simulated channel catfish growth dynamics using two bioenergetics modelling scenarios: (i) effects of average reservoir temperature on growth, conversion efficiency and consumption; and (ii) effects of reservoir enrichment on growth, which is simulated by increasing feeding rates. During 1991–1993, fish were sampled monthly, but sampling was increased to every 2 weeks during the peak growing season (June–September). Most of the channel catfish collected were aged 0 year and aged 1 year with rapid annual growth rates ranging from 9.0 to 13.7 J/g. We found many age 1 250–300 mm catfish, but few beyond this size. Conversion efficiency (joules gained/joules consumed) was low at approximately 18–19%. High algae consumption (40%) was evident, but consumption of zooplankton and Asiatic clam (Corbicula sp.) increased over the study. Simulated increased feeding rates showed that channel catfish were food limited in summer and fall (July–December). Weight gains with 5 and 10% feeding increases were 6–13% and 18–38%, respectively, from the baseline. Catfish of all sizes should benefit from phosphorus additions.
Non‐cirrhotic portal hypertension versus idiopathic portal hypertension
Authors: OKUDA KUNIO 
Published: March 2003

Abstract  Portal hypertension occurs in a number of disorders other than cirrhosis and they are collectively called non‐cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH). The common causes of NCPH include idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH), non‐cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF) and extrahepatic portal venous thrombosis (EHPVT). Other causes include schistosomiasis, hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction, veno‐occlusive disease and congenital hepatic fibrosis. Patients with IPH and EHPVT present with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, splenomegaly, ascites after gastrointestinal bleeding, features of hypersplenism, growth retardation and jaundice due to portal biliopathy. The diagnosis is usually made by abdominal ultrasound, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, normal liver function tests and normal liver histology. Variceal bleeding in NCPH has lower mortality as compared with cirrhosis because of better liver functions in NCPH. Treatment for NCPH includes primary prophylaxis for variceal bleeding and prevention of repeat bleeding using drugs like β‐blockers, endoscopic sclerotherapy and endoscopic band ligation of varices. In patients with uncontrolled variceal bleeding or symptomatic hypersplenism, porto‐systemic shunt surgery or splenectomy are required.© 2002 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Combination and newer therapies for chronic hepatitis B
Authors: SCHALM SW , DE MAN RA , JANSSEN HLA 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Worldwide the need for effective therapy for chronic hepatitis B is similar to that for chronic hepatitis C. Current licensed treatment for chronic hepatitis B (interferon (IFN)‐α, lamivudine) does not significantly alter the natural history of the disease because the frequency of sustained response is too low; however, a sustained response to antiviral therapy improves survival. Conversion of active chronic hepatitis B to the inactive hepatitis B carrier state (persistently HBeAg‐negative, HBV‐DNA < 105 copies/mL and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normal) is the major therapeutic goal. If present 6–12 months after stopping treatment, a sustained response is assumed. Clinical benefit is also likely if HBV‐DNA levels < 105 copies/mL and ALT normality are being maintained long‐term by antiviral therapy. New drugs are adefovir, entecavir, and pegylated IFN. The two nucleoside analogs are active against lamivudine‐resistant hepatitis B and are as yet not associated with resistance. Peg‐IFN has higher efficacy than standard IFN; its tolerance is similar. Combination therapy appears most effective: IFN–lamivudine combination for induction of a sustained response, and lamivudine–adefovir for long‐term antiviral therapy. Uncertainty exists whether the additional effect outweighs the burden of adverse effects and cost. Chronic hepatitis B affects a rather heterogeneous patient population. Differentiation based on HBeAg status is fading with emergence of categorization based on disease stage and immune competence.© 2002 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Polyethylene glycol–interferon: Current status in hepatitis C virus therapy
Authors: WEDEMEYER HEINER , WIEGAND JOHANNES , CORNBERG MARKUS , MANNS MICHAEL P 
Published: March 2003

Abstract  In chronic hepatitis C infection, combination therapy with interferon (IFN)‐α and ribavirin leads to sustained virological response rates of 40–45%. However, treatment outcome is still disappointing in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1, high viral load or advanced liver fibrosis. Due to significant side‐effects of therapy, dose reductions and discontinuations of therapy are frequent and lead to further decreased response rates. The development of modified IFN is the latest step to improve treatment options for chronic hepatitis C. Conjugation of the polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) to IFN extends half‐life in comparison to conventional IFN and thereby increases antiviral activity. It allows once‐weekly dosing and increases sustained response rates without changing the safety profile. The PEG–IFN monotherapy is twice as effective as IFN‐α three times weekly. The combination of PEG‐interferon and ribavirin improves the overall sustained response rates to 54–56% and represents the new standard therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C infection in most patients.© 2002 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Non‐cirrhotic portal fibrosis
Authors: SARIN SK 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Non‐cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) comprises of diseases having an increase in portal pressure (PP) due to intraheptic or prehepatic lesions, in the absence of cirrhosis. The lesions are generally vascular, either in the portal vein, its branches or in the perisinusoidal area. Because the wedged hepatic venous pressure (WHVP) is near normal, measurement of intravariceal or intrasplenic pressure is needed to assess portal pressure. The majority of the diseases included in the category of NCPH are well characterized disease entities where portal hypertension (PHT) is a late manifestation and hence, these are not discussed. Two diseases which present only with features of PHT and are common in developing countries are NCPF and extra‐hepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO). Non‐cirrhotic portal fibrosis is a syndrome of obscure etiology, characterized by ‘Obliterative portovenopathy’ leading to PHT, massive splenomegaly, repeated well tolerated episodes of variceal bleeding and anemia in young adults from low socio‐economic strata of life. The hepatic parenchymal functions are nearly normal. Jaundice, ascites and hepatic encephalopathy are rare. Management of variceal bleeding remains the main concern as nearly 85% of patients with NCPF present with variceal bleeding. Endoscopic variceal ligation or sclerotherapy are equally effective in about 90–95% of the patients. Gastric varices are seen in about 25% patients and a bleed from them can be managed with cyanoacrylate glue injection or surgery. Other indications for surgery include failure of endoscopic therapy to control acute bleed and symptomatic hypersplenism. The prognosis of patients with NCPF is good and 5‐years survival rates in patients in whom variceal bleeding can be controlled is about > 95%.© 2002 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Copper metabolic defects and liver disease: Environmental aspects
Authors: PANKIT ANAND N , BHAVE SHEILA A 
Published: March 2003

Abstract  Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for many biological processes. Cu homeostasis is generally well maintained by inbuilt controls in intestinal absorption, biliary excretion and intrahepatic storage. Copper deficiency disorders are rare. Acute Cu toxicity occurs occasionally in accidental poisoning with Cu sulfate. Chronic Cu toxicity in the form of liver cirrhosis and damage to other organs is seen classically in Wilson's Disease (genetic abnormality of Cu metabolism) and in the presumed environmental disorder Indian Childhood Cirrhosis (ICC). The clinical, epidemiological and treatment aspects of ICC are described. The evidence linking ICC to environmental Cu is (i) greatly increased hepatic Cu; (ii) early introduction of Cu contaminated milk boiled or stored in brass vessels; (iii) dramatic decline in ICC throughout the country coincident with change in feeding vessels; and (iv) continued long‐term remission in d‐penicillamine‐treated patients after withdrawl of the drug. The nature and role of a second factor in the causation of ICC remains unclear, although a genetic predisposition is strongly suspected. Scattered reports of an ICC‐like illness from the West (Idiopathic Cu Toxicosis, Endemic Tyrolean Infantile Cirrhosis), suggest that different mechanisms (environmental, genetic or both) can lead to the same end stage liver disease—‘ecogenetic’ disorders.© 2002 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
The role of aflatoxins and hepatitis viruses in the etiopathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma: A basis for primary prevention in Guinea–Conakry, West Africa
Authors: TURNER PAUL C , SYLLA ABDOULAYE , DIALLO MAMADOU S , CASTEGNARO JEAN‐JACQUES , HALL ANDREW J , WILD CHRISTOPHER P 
Published: March 2003

Abstract  Aflatoxins and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in South‐east Asia and Africa, parts of the world where this cancer is most prevalent. Exposure to both factors is endemic, occurring from early in life. There is evidence from both epidemiological studies and animal models that the two factors can act synergistically to increase the risk of HCC, but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of interaction are as yet undefined. One possiblity suggested by studies in HBV transgenic mice is that chronic liver injury alters the expression of carcinogen metabolizing enzymes, thus modulating the level of binding of aflatoxin to DNA. Primary prevention of HCC in high incidence areas of the world should primarily be focused on provision of the safe, effective vaccine against HBV. However, measures to reduce the high levels of aflatoxin exposure, where chronic HBV infection is currently epidemic, would also significantly contribute to reducing HCC incidence. In Guinea–Conakry, West Africa, surveys of HBV infection and aflatoxin exposure have established baseline data for the implementation of a community‐based intervention study. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of improving the post‐harvest processing and storage of the groundnut crop, a major source of aflatoxins, using aflatoxin‐albumin adducts as the outcome measurement.© 2002 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd