bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Human Capital and Income Distribution of a Developing Economy: Empirical Evidence From Ethiopia
Authors: Degu Zemed , Singh Lakhwinder 
Published: December 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the long-run effect of human capital accumulation on the income distribution of a developing economy such as Ethiopia. Study design: The study is based on time series data covering the period from 1980/1981 to 2019/2020. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds co-integration test and error correction model approach is employed as a method of econometric estimation. Findings: The bounds test revealed a significant and stable long-run equilibrium relationships exist between income inequality (Gini coefficient) and its dynamic regressors of human capital accumulation indicators as well as other explanatory variables. Results of the estimated long-run selected model indicated that secondary and tertiary education attainments as well as total fertility rate have a significant un-equalizing income distribution effect on the country’s economy at the conventional level of significance in the long run. On the contrary, primary education attainment of the labor force has a positive and statistically significant impact on the country’s distribution of income at the standard level of significance. On the contrary, the employment-to-population size ratio has a positive effect, but financial development and institutional and governance quality have an adverse effect on the income distribution of the country in the long run. With respect to the short-run error correction model result, a temporary disequilibrium level of income distribution in the previous period is corrected by approximately 0.9284 in the current period to bring back to a stable long-run equilibrium. Based on these findings, it is important to strengthen and improve the country’s education and health service system for those individuals who are marginalized and deprived from these levels of social services. Originality/value: A few empirical studies on the dynamics between human capital and income distribution have been conducted at cross-country using average years of schooling as a proxy measure of human capital. The novelty of this study is that it examines the relationship between human capital and income distribution at a single country level using the ARDL bounds co-integration and error correction model approach. Furthermore, human capital accumulation is proxied by both education capital (disaggregated by primary, secondary, and tertiary educational attainments) and health capital (life expectancy at birth and total fertility rate) in addition to other relevant explanatory variables for better estimation and policy implications. JEL classification B23, C22, I14, I24, O15
Graduated elastic compression stockings in the prevention of post-thrombotic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nielsen Jørn Dalsgaard , Hermann Thomas Steffen , Fredskilde Pernille Cecilie Ammundsen 
Published: December 2023

Background The effect of graduated elastic compression stockings (ECS) in the prevention of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) has been questioned since a large randomized trial found no prophylactic effect of ECS. Objective To assess the effect of the wearing time of ECS on the incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) after proximal deep venous thrombosis, we performed a meta-analysis of the incidence of PTS across randomized and observational studies. Method PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched until 12 June 2023 for studies on the effect of ECS on PTS. References of eligible studies were also screened in order to identify other potential studies that might have been missed during the search. Results Four studies comprising a total of 1467 patients met our inclusion criteria for early initiation and consistent use of ECS in patients with acute proximal DVT. ECS significantly reduced the incidence of mild-moderate PTS (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.36–0.63) as well as severe PTS (OR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.28–0.58).
Arbitration between model-free and model-based control is not affected by transient changes in tonic serotonin levels
Authors: Gilger Maximilian D. , Hellrung Lydia , Neukam Philipp T. , Kroemer Nils B. , Nebe Stephan , Pooseh Shakoor , Deza-Lougovski Yacila I. , Smolka Michael N. 
Published: December 2023

Background: Serotonin has been suggested to modulate decision-making by influencing the arbitration between model-based and model-free control. Disruptions in these control mechanisms are involved in mental disorders such as drug dependence or obsessive-compulsive disorder. While previous reports indicate that lower brain serotonin levels reduce model-based control, it remains unknown whether increases in serotonergic availability might thus increase model-based control. Moreover, the mediating neural mechanisms have not been studied yet. Aim: The first aim of this study was to investigate whether increased/decreased tonic serotonin levels affect the arbitration between model-free and model-based control. Second, we aimed to identify the underlying neural processes. Methods: We employed a sequential two-stage Markov decision-task and measured brain responses during functional magnetic resonance imaging in 98 participants in a randomized, double-blind cross-over within-subject design. To investigate the influence of serotonin on the balance between model-free and model-based control, we used a tryptophan intervention with three intervention levels (loading, balanced, depletion). We hypothesized that model-based behaviour would increase with higher serotonin levels. Results: We found evidence that neither model-free nor model-based control were affected by changes in tonic serotonin levels. Furthermore, our tryptophan intervention did not elicit relevant changes in Blood-Oxygenation-Level Dependent activity.
Thermo-elasticity of multi walled carbon nanotube- natural rubber/acrylonitrile butadiene rubber blends
Authors: Aljuraide Najlaa I , Abd Elbary Ahmed M 
Published: December 2023

Natural rubber nano-composites are emerging as one of the key players in the industry and research due to its novel material properties and nano functionalities. In order to create high performance natural rubber nano-composites, new multifunctional nano-fillers can be created using a various approaches due to the advances of nanotechnology. Blends of natural rubber (NR) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) were used to evaluate the effects of various constitutional ratios between the two substances of fixed weight of multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The increase in the frequency of alternating extension (fatigue deformation) for samples (B2, B3) causes an increase in the thermo-elastic temperature change. The breakdown of the structure is thought to be prevailing at high strain amplitude and consequently may account for the observed effect. The thermo-elastic measurements also involve the determination of the thermo-elastic coefficient, change in entropy, internal energy per unit length, and Gruneisen constant. All these parameters were found to be highly dependent on both fatigue parameters and NR/NBR polymer ratios in the composite. The prepared sample (50/50 phr) can be used as thermo-elastic sensors.
The Conception and Birth of the Lactation Consultant Profession (1977–1983): An Interview With Chele Marmet (Part I)
Authors: Marmet Chele , Dodgson Joan E. 
Published: December 2023

In 2015, Miriam Labbok, MD, MPH, entrusted Chele Marmet with the task of writing a chapter on the early history of the lactation consultant profession for the public health textbook she was preparing about lactation, saying, “I invited you to author it because you conceptualized and pioneered the profession, and there is nobody else I could ask who could do it justice,” (M. Labbok, personal communication, June 28, 2015). Chele Marmet envisioned the allied health field of lactation consulting, complete with international educational standards, professional organizations, and a scope of practice. She was an active contributing founder of the International Lactation Consultant Association, developed hundreds of test questions for the early International Board of Lactation Consultant Examiners (IBCLE), and co-founded the first academic (BA and MA) lactation education program, The Lactation Institute, to name only a few of her many innovations and contributions to the field of lactation we know today—a field that has grown exponentially globally since those early days in the 1970s when Chele began creating our profession. Her academic background in speech and hearing gave her the orientation to delve into infants’ oral-motor function. Additional education and experience followed as her passion for helping breastfeeding families grew. This is the first part of her interview; the second part will follow in the next JHL issue. Fortunately, Chele is working on her memoir, which will detail topics we could only briefly discuss in this interview. It was my honor to interview Chele Marmet. Joan E. Dodgson
Viscoelastic behaviour of poly(ether-ketone)/fly ash composites fabricated by powder metallurgical route
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Goyal RK , Sharma S 
Published: December 2023

Poly(ether-ketone)/fly ash (FA) composites reinforced with 0-30 wt% FA were fabricated using ball milling followed by hot compaction. The composites were investigated for mechanical and viscoelastic properties. Scanning electron microscopy revealed excellent dispersion and good adhesion of FA particles with the matrix. The addition of FA increased the microhardness by 70% and the storage modulus (below glass transition) by 75%. The reinforcing efficiency was better above the glass transition, which increased to around 177% at 250°C. This research indicates that the FA can be used as an alternative reinforcement of costly ceramic powder for the electronic packaging substrate or printed circuit board applications.
Longitudinal Stability of Neural Correlates of Pediatric Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study of Event Related Potentials and Electroencephalography
Authors: Peisch Virginia , Rutter Tara M. , Sargent Christina , Oommen Rachel , Stein Mark A. , Arnett Anne B. 
Published: December 2023

Objective: Stability and developmental effects of electroencephalography (EEG) and event related potential (ERP) correlates of ADHD are understudied. This pilot study examined stability and developmental changes in ERP and EEG metrics of interest. Methods: Thirty-seven 7 to 11-year-old children with ADHD and 15 typically developing (TD) children completed EEG twice, 11 to 36 months apart. A series of mixed effects linear models were run to examine stability and developmental effects of EEG and ERP metrics. Results: Stability and developmental effects of EEG and ERP correlates of ADHD varied considerably across metrics. P3 amplitude was stable over time and showed diverging developmental trajectories across groups. Developmental differences were apparent in error related ERPs and resting aperiodic exponent. Theta-beta ratio was stable over time among all children. Conclusions: Developmental trajectories of EEG and ERP correlates of ADHD are candidate diagnostic markers. Replication with larger samples is needed.
Aberrant Neurofunctional Responses During Emotional and Attentional Processing Differentiate ADHD Youth With and Without a Family History of Bipolar I Disorder
Authors: Patino L. Rodrigo , Wilson Allison S. , Tallman Maxwell J. , Blom Thomas J. , DelBello Melissa P. , McNamara Robert K. 
Published: December 2023

Objective: To compare neurofunctional responses in emotional and attentional networks of psychostimulant-free ADHD youth with and without familial risk for bipolar I disorder (BD). Methods: ADHD youth with (high-risk, HR, n = 48) and without (low-risk, LR, n = 50) a first-degree relative with BD and healthy controls ( n = 46) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a continuous performance task with emotional distracters. Region-of-interest analyses were performed for bilateral amygdala (AMY), ventrolateral (VLPFC) and dorsolateral (DLPFC) prefrontal cortex, and anterior (ACC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Results: Compared with HC, HR, but not LR, exhibited predominantly left-lateralized AMY, VLPFC, DLPFC, PCC, and rostral ACC hyperactivation to emotional distractors, whereas LR exhibited right VLPFC and bilateral dorsal ACC hypoactivation to attentional targets. Regional responses correlated with emotional and attention symptoms. Conclusion: Aberrant neurofunctional responses during emotional and attentional processing differentiate ADHD youth with and without a family history of BD and correlate with relevant symptoms ratings.
BOLD Activation During the Application of MOXO-CPT in School Patients With and Without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: García Beristain Juan Carlos , de Celis Alonso Benito , Barragan Perez Eduardo , Dies-Suarez Pilar , Hidalgo-Tobón Silvia 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 3% of children in the world. Objective: In this work, we seek to compare the different brain activations of pediatric patients with and without ADHD. Methods: A functional resonance examination with BOLD contrast was applied using the MOXO-CPT test (Continuous Performance test with single and double visual-auditory distractors). Results: Differences in BOLD activation were observed indicating that control children regularly presented negative BOLD activations that were not found in children with ADHD. Inhibitory activity in audiovisual association zones in control patients was greater than in patients with ADHD. The inhibition in the frontal and motor regions in the controls contrasted with the overactivation of the motor areas in patients with ADHD, this, together with the detection of cerebellar activation which attempted to modulate the responses of the different areas that lead to executive failure in patients with ADHD. Conclusions: In view of these results, it can be argued that the lack of inhibition of ADHD patients in their executive functions led to a disorganization of the different brain systems.
Assessing the Impact of Multilevel Comprehensive Programming on SNAP-Ed Participant Behaviors
Authors: Coombs Casey , Savoie-Roskos Mateja R. , Farnsworth Amria , Jimenez LaCee , LeBlanc Heidi 
Published: December 2023

Purpose: To examine differences in dietary, physical activity, and food selection behaviors of Utah SNAP-Ed participants who had varied breadth of engagement with various components of multilevel programming. Method: SNAP-Ed participants received a survey approximately 1 year after participating in nutrition classes. The survey measured diet, physical activity, and food selection behaviors and breadth of engagement with components of SNAP-Ed programming. Components of programming included nutrition education for adults and youth, nudge programs in food pantries and corner stores, farmers’ market booths, social marketing campaign materials, and social media platforms. Kruskal–Wallis tests assessed differences in behaviors between varying breadths of program engagement. Results: Among the 124 respondents, certain dietary behaviors improved with increased breadth of program engagement including intake of vegetables, low-fat dairy, and lean protein. Food selection behaviors including using MyPlate and preparing healthy foods on a budget, also improved with increased engagement. Physical activity was not impacted by additional breadth of exposure. Conclusions and Implications: Findings suggest that multilevel comprehensive programming may enhance the impact of SNAP-Ed education for certain behaviors. Additional research is warranted on the impact of SNAP-Ed multilevel programming on targeted behaviors and health outcomes.
The relationship between kinesiophobia and adaptation to illness in different chronic illnesses
Authors: Enzin Fatih , Dikici İbrahim Caner , Tülüce Derya 
Published: December 2023

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between kinesiophobia and adaptation to chronic illness. Methods The study was conducted with descriptive design. The questionnaire consists of three parts: a form including questions about socio-demographic characteristics and chronic diseases-related characteristics of the participants, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, and Adaptation to Chronic Illness Scale. Results A total of 217 patients participated in the study, consisting of 99 patients with diabetes, 74 with heart failure (HF), and 44 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The general mean age of the patients participating in the study was 61.03 ± 11.99 years, and the mean duration of disease diagnosis was 9.83 ± 7.16 years. While age, physical adaptation, and psychological adaptation affected the level of kinesiophobia of the patients with COPD and HF by 44.3% and 47.7%, respectively, physical adaptation and psychological adaptation affected the level of kinesiophobia of the patients with DM by 29.6%. Discussion While the level of kinesiophobia was found to be high in all disease groups, it was determined that the level of adaptation to the disease was limited. Psychological and physical adaptation to illness was correlated with kinesiophobia.
Impact of an educational intervention on hand hygiene practice among nursing students, with a focus on hand drying efficacy
Authors: Gammon John , Hunt Julian , Duffy Lisa , Humphreys Ioan , Hinkin Jon , Watkins Alan 
Published: December 2023

Background Hand hygiene and its significance for reducing the spread of infection is well evidenced and has been brought into sharp focus following the COVID-19 pandemic. Although a crucial clinical skill in ensuring safe healthcare, little is known regarding nursing students’ effectiveness of hand hygiene practice. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on hand hygiene practice, designed by the research team for first year pre-registration nursing students. Particular emphasis was placed upon hand drying technique and time. Methodology 825 nursing students were observed and assessed for their hand hygiene practice in a clinical suite at a university setting. Nursing students were observed for compliance against set outcome measures involving hand hygiene preparation, hand and wrist washing technique, hand drying technique and time. Data were analysed quantitatively using SPSS. Results The educational intervention had a significant impact on the clinical skills learning of nursing students. 779 students passed the assessment at the first attempt (94.4%). Of the 46 students that failed to meet the necessary criteria, 45 satisfied the criteria at the second attempt; giving an overall optimal compliance of 99.9%. 99.6% of students complied with recommended hand drying standards. Conclusion This study offers an important contribution to the development and delivery of nursing education programmes. The educational intervention improved compliance with recommended hand hygiene technique and practice. Lack of attention to hand drying may negate effective hand hygiene in healthcare.
Cost-effectiveness of second-line lisocabtagene maraleucel in relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Choe Jee H. , Yu Tianzhou , Abramson Jeremy S. , Abou-el-Enein Mohamed 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel), a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, received the US Food and Drug Administration approval in 2022 for second-line treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) for patients with refractory disease or early relapse after first-line chemoimmunotherapy. This decision was based on the TRANSFORM study demonstrating improvements in event-free survival with liso-cel compared with standard care. Given the high costs of CAR T-cell therapies, particularly as they transition to second-line treatment, a cost-effectiveness analysis is essential to determine their economic viability. The study used a partitioned survival model with standard parametric functions to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of liso-cel aganist platinum-based chemotherapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation over a lifetime horizon The analysis relied on data from the TRANSFORM and TRANSCEND trials, established literature, and public data sets to calculate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). For a representative cohort of US adults aged 60 years, ICER of liso-cel was $99 669 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) from a health care sector perspective and $68 212 per QALY from a societal perspective, confirming its cost-effectiveness at the $100 000 per QALY threshold. Nonetheless, under certain scenarios, liso-cel surpasses this benchmark but remains within the US acceptable range of $150 000 per QALY. A key finding underlines the importance of incorporating productivity losses into such analyses to capture the broader societal values of novel therapies. Although these therapies offer substantial clinical benefits, their high acquisition costs and limited long-term data critically challenge their economic sustainability.
The Association of Physiological and Pharmacological Anesthetic Parameters With Motor-Evoked Potentials: A Multivariable Longitudinal Mixed Model Analysis
Authors: Dulfer Sebastiaan Eckhardt , Groen Henk , Groen Robertus J. M. , Absalom Anthony R. , Sahinovic Marko M. , Drost Gea 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:
During spinal surgery, the motor tracts can be monitored using muscle-recorded transcranial electrical stimulation motor-evoked potentials (mTc-MEPs). We aimed to investigate the association of anesthetic and physiological parameters with mTc-MEPs.

METHODS:
Intraoperative mTc-MEP amplitudes, mTc-MEP area under the curves (AUC), and anesthetic and physiological measurements were collected retrospectively from the records of 108 consecutive patients undergoing elective spinal surgery. Pharmacological parameters of interest included propofol and opioid concentration, ketamine and noradrenaline infusion rates. Physiological parameters recorded included mean arterial pressure (MAP), bispectral index (BIS), heart rate, hemoglobin O2 saturation, temperature, and Etco
2. A forward selection procedure was performed using multivariable mixed model analysis.

RESULTS:
Data from 75 (69.4%) patients were included. MAP and BIS were significantly associated with mTc-MEP amplitude (P < .001). mTc-MEP amplitudes increased by 6.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7%–10.4%) per 10 mm Hg increase in MAP and by 2.79% (CI, 2.26%–3.32%) for every unit increase in BIS. MAP (P < .001), BIS (P < .001), heart rate (P = .01), and temperature (P = .02) were significantly associated with mTc-MEP AUC. The AUC increased by 7.5% (CI, 3.3%–11.7%) per 10 mm Hg increase of MAP, by 2.98% (CI, 2.41%–3.54%) per unit increase in BIS, and by 0.68% (CI, 0.13%–1.23%) per beat per minute increase in heart rate. mTc-MEP AUC decreased by 21.4% (CI, −38.11% to −3.98%) per degree increase in temperature.

CONCLUSIONS:
MAP, BIS, heart rate, and temperature were significantly associated with mTc-MEP amplitude and/or AUC. Maintenance of BIS and MAP at the high normal values may attenuate anesthetic effects on mTc-MEPs.