bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Falling liquid droplets discharge
Authors: Liu JiaLin , Nie LanLan , Liu DaWei , Lu XinPei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper reports the phenomenon of two plasma segments forming when a water droplet descends, one between the upper part of the droplet and the outlet tube and the other between the lower part of the droplet and the water surface in the container. The study reveals that as the water droplet descends, the length of the upper plasma gradually increases, while the length of the lower plasma decreases until the lower plasma disappears upon contact between the water droplet and the water in the container. The study finds that the rotational temperature of this plasma reaches 2100 K, with an electron density of 1014 cm−3. Furthermore, it is intriguing to note that the descent speed of the droplet is significantly greater than that of a freely falling droplet. Further research indicates that this is due to an instant water channel explosion-induced downward impact on the droplet caused by plasma generation at the upper part of the droplet. The advantage of this device lies in the fact that the plasma only comes into direct contact with water, without any contact with metal electrodes, thus eliminating the issue of electrode corrosion. Furthermore, since the water is in dynamic flow, it facilitates the dissolution of reactive gaseous components into the water, making it suitable for applications related to plasma-activated water and similar purposes.
BDS-3 six-frequency precise point positioning: effects of receiver-dependent inter-frequency clock bias and multi-frequency contributions
Authors: Zhang Zhehao , Pan Lin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We find that there is time-varying bias at the receiver in BDS-3 multi-frequency phase observations, which will lead to receiver-dependent inter-frequency clock bias (RIFCB) and damage the rigor of BDS-3 multi-frequency precise point positioning (PPP) model. A unified RIFCB correction method compatible with uncombined and ionospheric-free combined PPP models using any BDS-3 frequencies is proposed. The contributions of multi-frequency integration to BDS-3 static and kinematic PPP performance are evaluated. The results indicate that the RIFCB amplitude can reach 1 dm. If the RIFCB correction is ignored, the phase observation residuals present a systematic bias. RIFCB has potential effects on precise time transfer, ionospheric monitoring, and fractional cycle bias estimation. Experimental results show that the long-term frequency stability of time transfer can be improved by correcting RIFCB. The joint use of all BDS-3 six-frequency signals can significantly shorten the convergence time, and the positioning accuracy can also be slightly improved.
Prediction of chlorine residual in effluent based on SSA-SFA-CFBLS for water treatment process parameters
Authors: Wang Cunsong , Han Kaichao , He Wenmin , Zhang Quanling 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Accurate parameter prediction of chlorine residual in effluent is necessary for nonlinear, long-delayed water treatment process to raise water quality. To improve the prediction model precision and computational efficiency, a cascade broad learning system based on the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) and slow feature analysis (SFA) is proposed in this paper. First, the SFA method is introduced to extract the essential characteristics of water monitoring data as the input of the prediction model. Then, a cascaded broad learning system is adopted to establish a prediction model for residual chlorine in water works effluent. The cascade broad learning can deal well with online prediction. Furthermore, the SSA is utilized to obtain the optimal hyperparameters of the established model, which can avoid the complex and time-consuming manual parameter tuning process. Finally, the comparison experiment with several methods is carried out. The experimental results show that the proposed method saves more computational resources, and its time consumption is only 16.8% of that of the comprehensive deep learning model with basically the same accuracy. The prediction accuracy is improved, and its prediction accuracy is improved by 7.6% on average compared with most traditional deep learning models such as long short term memory (LSTM), recurrent neural network (RNN) and fated recurrent unit (GRU).
Mechanical strength measurement of needle-shaped CaSO4 microcrystals by a three-point bend test
Authors: Nikulin I , Ivanov O , Nikulicheva T , Mishunin M , Vyugin A , Alfimova N , Vyazmin V , Saenko M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A simple method for direct measurement of the mechanical strength of needle-shaped microcrystals of calcium sulfate, CaSO4, is proposed. The microcrystals, with a length from 30 to 50 μm and transverse dimensions from 1 to 3 μm, can act as reinforcing filler in various structural and building composites to improve their mechanical properties. The method is based on a three-point bend test, adapted to microscopic objects. The CaSO4 microcrystals were placed on a substrate, which was a twill-weave filter mesh consisting of intertwined steel fibers with diameter of ∼25 μm. Due to the twill weave, the mesh surface is characterized by a periodic distribution of protrusions and depressions. The protrusions act as supports for the placing of microcrystals, and the depressions provide the possibility of deformation and destruction of microcrystals under the action of an increasing vertically acting force, which is applied to the microcrystal through the indenter of the dynamic ultra-micro hardness tester. The moment of destruction of the microcrystals is observed to be dependent on the force on the displacement of the indenter. The measured values of the mechanical strength of CaSO4 microcrystals varied in a range from ∼3.5 to ∼6.0 GPa. The experimental strength values are in good agreement with the values obtained from the results of numerical analysis of the stressed state formed in the volume of CaSO4 microcrystals during the three-point bend test.
Accelerated prediction of stacking fault energy in FCC medium entropy alloys using multilayer perceptron neural networks: correlation and feature analysis
Authors: Mahato Swati , Gurao Nilesh P , Biswas Krishanu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A multilayer perceptron neural networks (MLPNN) model is developed for robust and quick prediction of stacking fault energy (SFE) to overcome the challenges faced in the calculation of SFE via experimentation and atomistic calculations in FCC medium entropy alloys (MEA). The present investigation employs a three-step hybrid feature selection approach to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the prominent features that influence the SFE, as well as the interrelationships among these features. The feature space encompasses various features related to composition, lattice stability, and elemental properties, of MEAs. The findings indicate that the estimation of SFE relies on five crucial factors: temperature, lattice stability, specific heat, ionization energy, and Allen electronegativities. Furthermore, a mathematical relationship for the estimation of the SFE is derived, considering the various influencing and prominent factors. Consequently, the MLPNN model for robust SFE prediction in MEAs is developed and the performance is evaluated using R
2 scores, with values of 0.87 and 0.85 obtained for the training and testing datasets, respectively. This efficient strategy introduces a novel opportunity for the engineering of SFE in the extensive range of alloy chemistry of MEAs, enabling the quick prediction of SFE, and facilitating the systematic exploration of new alloys for the development of mechanisms that may accommodate deformation through octahedral/partial slip, twinning, and/or transformation.
Caralluma pauciflora based Ag-NPs activate ROS - induced apoptosis through down-regulation of AKT, mTOR and pI3K signaling in human gastric cancer (AGS) cells
Authors: Navaneethan Renuga Devi , N C J Packia Lekshmi , Ramaiah Mariselvam , Ravindran Rajeswari , T Ananth Kumar , Chinnathambi Arunachalam , Ali Alharbi Sulaiman , Sivagnanam Ananthi , Mohemedibrahim Ponnani Kaja Mideen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The phytochemicals found in Caralluma pauciflora were studied for their ability to reduce silver nitrate in order to synthesise silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and characterise their size and crystal structure. Thunbergol, 1,1,6-trimethyl-3-methylene-2-(3,6,9,13-tetram, Methyl nonadecanoate, Methyl cis-13,16-Docosadienate, and (1R,4aR,5S)-5-[(E)-5-Hydroxy-3-methylpent were the major compounds identified in the methanol extract by gas chromatography–mass spectrum analysis. UV/Vis spectra, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope with Energy Dispersive Xâray Analysis (EDAX), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) particle size analyser and atomic force microscope (AfM) were used to characterise the Caralluma pauciflora plant extract-based AgNPs. The crystal structure and estimated size of the AgNPs ranged from 20.2 to 43 nm, according to the characterization data. The anti-cancer activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesised from Caralluma pauciflora extract. The AgNPs inhibited more than 60% of the AGS cell lines and had an IC50 value of 10.9640.318 g, according to the findings. The cells were further examined using fluorescence microscopy, which revealed that the AgNPs triggered apoptosis in the cells. Furthermore, the researchers looked at the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells treated with AgNPs and discovered that the existence of ROS was indicated by green fluorescence. Finally, apoptotic gene mRNA expression analysis revealed that three target proteins (AKT, mTOR, and pI3K) were downregulated following AgNP therapy. Overall, the findings imply that AgNPs synthesised from Caralluma pauciflora extract could be used to treat human gastric cancer.
Strong convergence of the vorticity and conservation of the energy for the α-Euler equations
Authors: Abbate Stefano , Crippa Gianluca , Spirito Stefano 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we study the convergence of solutions of the α-Euler equations to solutions of the Euler equations on the two-dimensional torus. In particular, given an initial vorticity ω
0 in

L
x
p

for

p
∈
(
1
,
∞
)

, we prove strong convergence in

L
t
∞

L
x
p

of the vorticities q

α
, solutions of the α-Euler equations, towards a Lagrangian and energy-conserving solution of the Euler equations. Furthermore, if we consider solutions with bounded initial vorticity, we prove a quantitative rate of convergence of q

α
to ω in Lp
, for

p
∈
(
1
,
∞
)

.
Why every observatory needs a disco ball
Authors: Cumming Robert J , Pietrow Alexander G M , Pietrow Livia , Cavallius Maria , Petit dit de la Roche Dominique , Pietrow Casper , Schroetter Ilane , Skan Moa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Commercial disco balls provide a safe, effective and instructive way of observing the Sun. We explore the optics of solar projections with disco balls, and find that while sunspot observations are challenging, the solar disk and its changes during eclipses are easy and fun to observe. We explore the disco ball’s potential for observing the moon and other bright astronomical phenomena.
Investigating the beliefs of experts on teaching quantum physics at secondary schools: key concepts, topics, and fundamentals
Authors: Onorato P , Mauro M Di , Malgieri M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study presents the findings of a series of interviews conducted with 17 Italian academic experts in the field of physics. The interviews aimed at exploring various aspects of teaching quantum physics (QP) at the secondary school level. The focus was on evaluating the overall suitability of teaching QP, the benefit of introducing it with an historical approach, the necessary mathematical grounds, as well as foundational and controversial aspects, along with the topics that should be included in the curriculum. Based on the insights gathered from the interviews, a questionnaire was formulated and administered to 31 additional experts, with the primary objective of exploring the experts’ perspectives on whether QP should be included in secondary school curricula and the underlying reasons for their stance. Indeed, some of the scholars argue that teaching QP is crucial as it contributes to the promotion of scientific literacy, considering QP as one of the most significant cultural advancements in science over the past centuries. On the other hand, some experts believe that the emphasis should be placed on informing and educating society about quantum technologies and upcoming technological advancements. The second objective of this questionnaire was to further deepen the investigation into the key subjects that specialists deem essential for teaching at the secondary level. The results revealed a consensus among the experts regarding the concepts that hold significant importance, namely atomic energy levels and quantisation, particle behaviour of light, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, and probability, and regarding the examples, i.e. the photoelectric effect, spectral lines, and the double slit experiment. The last objective of the questionnaire was to address foundational and controversial aspects of QP that are relevant to high school curricula. This entailed examining the consensus among experts regarding their perspectives on the view of these topics. Lack of such consensus emerged.
Harnessing the potential of NiMn2O4 nanoparticle: a next-generation supercapacitor electrode material
Authors: Shariq Mohammad , Alzahrani Ali , Almutib Eman , Alharbi Abdulrahman F , Algarni Saud A , Almashnowi Majed Y A , Bouzgarrou Souhail Mohammed , Ghaly Waleed A , Ali Syed Kashif , Hassan K F 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This research addresses the pressing demand to enhance energy density and power in energy storage devices, including batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors. Here, NiMn2O4 is synthesized using the urea combustion method. Characterization techniques, including powder x-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and BET analysis, are employed to investigate its properties. The diffraction peaks showed that NMO had a face-centered tetragonal structure, and the Scherrer equation was used to figure out the average crystallite size (t) as 8.73 nm. Its electrochemical behavior is extensively evaluated through cyclic voltammetry and galvanic charge–discharge measurements. The findings indicate that the fabricated NiMn2O4 electrodes exhibited remarkable specific capacitance and exceptional cycling stability, retaining 97% of their initial performance over 10000 cycles. The specific capacitance of the electrode from GCD was obtained 80 F g−1 at a current density of 0.25 A g–1. This study highlights the potential of NiMn2O4 as an electrode material for high-performance electrochemical supercapacitors, offering a viable solution for advancing energy storage technologies.
Analytical expression of negative differential thermal resistance in a macroscopic heterojunction
Authors: Kobayashi Wataru 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Heat flux (J) generally increases with temperature difference in a material. A differential coefficient of J against temperature (T) is called differential thermal conductance (k), and an inverse of k is differential thermal resistance (r). Although k and r are generally positive, they can be negative in a macroscopic heterojunction with positive T-dependent interfacial thermal resistance (ITR). The negative differential thermal resistance (NDTR) effect is an important effect that can realize thermal transistor, thermal memory, and thermal logic gate. In this paper, we examine analytical expressions of J, k, r, and other related quantities as a function of parameters related to thermal conductivity (κ) and ITR in a macroscopic heterojunction to precisely describe the NDTR effect.
Analysis of Fracture Initiation Pressure of Tight Sandstone in HangJinQi
Authors: Zhang Junyi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Simply increasing the fracture length to enhance the conductivity of the reservoir has limited success in increasing the production rate, thus hampering the pace of production at Hangjinqi. To combat this problem, a mathematical model was developed to determine the onset pressure of tight sandstone in Hangjinqi based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. It is shown that the onset angle decreases with increasing trap inclination, thus making it difficult to close the fracture with high horizontal pressure and suction. As for the block, it is one of Sinopec’s major areas for developing tight, low-permeability oil and gas in the Ordos Basin. To address this issue, a mathematical model was developed for the onset pressure of tight sandstone in Hangjinqi, taking into account factors such as vertical principal stress, maximum horizontal principal stress, minimum horizontal principal stress, and fracture inclination.The case of trap HE1 in JPH-416 was solved using a minimal bisection method, showing that the onset angle increases with trap inclination. As the fracture inclination increases, the fracture closure pressure gradually increases, and the effect of the minimum horizontal and vertical principal stresses becomes more pronounced.
A Study on Mechanism of Evaporation Reduction of Desulfurization Wastewater in Air Cooling Tower
Authors: Du Ying , Li Lujun , Song Xiaojun , Wang Fei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
It’s a new technology for the concentration and reduction of desulfurization wastewater by the indirect air cooling tower. In this paper, indoor experiments are conducted to explore the evaporation characteristics of the evaporation tower and the evaporation law of desulfurization wastewater in the filler and analyze the factors affecting the evaporation characteristics, and a power plant adopting this technology is tested to verify the conclusion of the indoor experiments. The results show that the evaporation rate of the evaporation tower is positively correlated with the cross-sectional wind speed, water spray density, packing height and other parameters, and the influence of the interrupted wind speed on the evaporation rate is the most significant. The difference of vapor pressure has a positive linear relationship with that of mass fraction of the air in inlet and outlet, and the results of model test conform to those of actual one basically. On the condition of ventilation rate of 817.56m3/s, the evaporation efficiency of a mechanical ventilation cooling tower with a drenching area of about 400m2 can reach 16.2-18.4t/h, which basically meets the engineering needs of desulfurization wastewater concentration and reduction in millions of thermal power plants.
Comparative Testing the Uncertainty of A/D Converters in A Hot-Wire Anemometer Measurement Using Grid-Generated Turbulence
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroto , Suzuki Hiroki , Kouchi Toshinori 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the uncertainty of the A/D converter when measuring multi-scale turbulence fluctuations using a hot-wire anemometer. The flow is generated in a low-speed wind tunnel, the turbulence is generated by a turbulence grid and the fluctuations are measured. A compact hot-wire anemometer was used and a high accuracy A/D converter was introduced for the measurements. Methods to minimise the influence of noise were also incorporated and measurements were carried out in two situations, one with and one without turbulence. The experimental results showed that measurements under a specific condition (Case 1 in this study) had the sufficienty reproducibility of turbulence fluctuations and the least effect of noise. The results showed that the high frequency characteristics of the turbulence could also be accurately measured under this condition. In conclusion, it is clear that the choice of a suitable A/D converter and the optimisation of the measurement environment are critical for turbulence measurements with a hot-wire anemometer.
Assessing OpenFOAM-based Large-eddy Simulation Using Decay Characteristics of An Isotropic Taylor-green Vortex
Authors: Ono Akira , Chitose Makoto , Suzuki Hiroki , Kouchi Toshinori 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate OpenFOAM using isotropic TGV flows. The main focus is on the establishment of energy conservation laws, in particular using inviscid fields to assess energy constancy; Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) is applied and the results are compared with those obtained using spectral methods; unlike previous studies of OpenFOAM, this study uses an unsteady turbulent TGV flow. The computational methods used are a central difference method, a PISO algorithm and a Smagorinsky model. The study revealed errors in the conservation of kinetic energy in the OpenFOAM analysis. In particular, the energy decay was significant at high spatial resolution, confirming the different turbulence energy decay characteristics of DNS and OpenFOAM. However, when the model constant was 0.6, the decay characteristics were shown to be in good agreement with DNS.
Study on Smoke Spreading Characteristics of Highway Tunnel Fire
Authors: Yu Xuehui , Wang Chao , Cui Xue , Han Jinxin , Sun Xiaolin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the event of a fire in a road tunnel, the effect of natural smoke exhaust alone is far inferior to that of mechanical smoke exhaust. Study of the characteristics of the flux of smoke gases inside the tunnel with the use of mechanical exhausts in case of sudden fire in road tunnels by means of specific model simulation methods, specific analysis by setting fixed exhaust spacing and different emission volumes, and the addition of fine water mist is studied. The results show that: when the exhaust vent spacing is 30m, the smoke exhaust volume in 30m³/s, 40m³/s, 50m³/s mechanical smoke exhaust device under the action of temperature, CO concentration and visibility will not affect the safe evacuation of the personnel, but taking into account the control of smoke propagation and economic reasonableness, the smoke exhaust volume of 40m³/s is better than the smoke exhaust volume of 30m³/s and 50m³/s. Under the coupling effect of mechanical smoke exhaust system and fine water mist, the spread of smoke in the tunnel can be controlled within a certain range and the internal temperature of the tunnel can be reduced. It can provide a certain basis for the design of the exhaust vent and the setting of water mist in the future.
Water Based Mn-Zn Magnetic Fluid Heat Dissipation Capacity Testing Platform
Authors: Tang Zhen , Zhao Zhilong , Zhao Ke , He Junbo , Hu Yangguang , Xue Yuqing , Huang Shengli , Feng Yali 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Manganese zinc magnetic fluid is a temperature sensitive magnetic fluid that can regulate its flow behavior using temperature and magnetic fields. However, there is currently no testing platform for evaluating the heat dissipation ability of this magnetic fluid working fluid by coupling temperature and magnetic fields. This article establishes two experimental testing platforms for applying magnetic fields, namely a circulating pipeline and a temperature equalization plate. Compared with deionized water, evaluate the average temperature and heat dissipation ability of water-based manganese zinc magnetic fluid. The test results show that the heat dissipation start time of the manganese zinc magnetic fluid loop pipe is better than that of deionized water. Under the action of magnetic field (500Gs), the average temperature of the circulating pipeline decreases by 7.2% (heat source power 15W); Under the action of a magnetic field (3000Gs), the thermal resistance of the homogenizing plate (filled with 48% water-based manganese zinc magnetic fluid) decreases by about 16.7% (heat source power 140W). The water-based manganese zinc magnetic fluid working fluid exhibits better heat transfer performance than the deionized water working fluid under high heat source power. The experimental results prove that the designed water-based manganese zinc magnetic fluid working fluid heat dissipation capacity testing platform has reliable experimental quantification results.