bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of adverse family experiences, physical activity, and depression in a national sample of US adolescents
Authors: Dong Fanghong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractProblemsSufficient engagement in physical activity could foster resilience in adolescents and help alleviate the impact of adverse family experiences (AFEs), such as depression. However, the association between cumulative AFEs exposure, physical activity, and depression remains unclear. The aims of this study are to determine the relationship between AFEs and adolescent depression and whether physical activity moderates this relationship.MethodsSecondary analyses were conducted on 29,617 adolescents aged 12–17 years from the 2016–2017 National Survey of Children's Health. Binomial logistic regression was used to examine the relationship among AFEs, child depression, and physical activity. Covariates include individual‐level, social‐level, and societal‐level factors.FindingsThis study reveals that 7.3% of US adolescents had a depression diagnosis. The odds of having a depression diagnosis among US children were 1.6 times (adjusted OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.37–1.86) greater for adolescents with one type of AFEs, and 3.4 times greater (adjusted OR: 3.39, 95% CI: 2.78–4.13) for adolescents with three or more AFEs, compared with children living without AFEs. Physical activity for 1–3 days per week remained a significant, substantial protector of childhood depression among children with at least one type of AFEs (adjusted OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.62–0.87).ConclusionsThese results suggest a clinical concern for adolescents with more AFEs. Trauma‐informed care to address multiple types of trauma and physical activity interventions to reduce depression symptoms may be particularly important.
Recurrent hypoglycemia induced by clopidogrel: A case report and mini review
Authors: Du Weiguan , Wang Haining , Liu Ye , Hong Tianpei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis report describes a patient who developed recurrent hypoglycemia episodes after 23 days of antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel for left subclavian artery stent implantation. The patient suffered from palpitation, profuse sweating and weakness on the 23rd day of clopidogrel treatment. The minimum plasma glucose was 2.2 mmol/L, and the hypoglycemia was associated with significantly elevated levels of insulin. A diagnosis of insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) was made with the presence of insulin autoantibody and a comprehensive differential diagnosis of other conditions related with hypoglycemia. Clopidogrel was stopped, and the patient was treated with acarbose and had frequent low‐carbohydrate meals; his hypoglycemia did not occur within 10 days. To date, seven cases of IAS induced by clopidogrel have been reported. Most reported cases were male aged in their 70s, and the hypoglycemic attack appeared 1–4 weeks after exposure to clopidogrel, characterized by severe hyperinsulinemia hypoglycemia with high titers of insulin autoantibodies. Most IAS cases can resolve spontaneously when they stop using the trigger medicine. Severe cases had been treated with drugs that reduce pancreatic insulin secretion (such as somatostatin and diazoxide), immunosuppressants (glucocorticoids, azathioprine and rituximab) and even immunoadsorption to remove the insulin autoantibody from the body. Considering the hypoglycemic attack might increase the risk of cardiovascular events among patients taking clopidogrel, we recommend that doctors should be aware of IAS as a rare severe adverse effect of clopidogrel, and be vigilant for the symptoms related with hypoglycemia in clopidogrel users.
Altered brain activity and cognitive impairment in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Yi Xiaoping , Wang Xueying , Fu Yan , Luo Yan , Wang Jing , Han Zaide , Kuang Yehong , Chen Xiang , Chen Bihong T. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with psoriasis may have cognitive impairment. However, there is limited information regarding intrinsic brain activity and cognitive function in patients with psoriasis.ObjectivesThis study aim to assess alterations of intrinsic brain activity and its association with cognitive function in patients with psoriasis.MethodsA total of 222 patients with psoriasis aged 18–70 years and 144 age and gender‐matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled into this study. All subjects underwent brain resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) and neuropsychological testing. The rs‐fMRI data were analysed for both intrinsic brain activity as indicated by amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and seed‐based functional connectivity (FC). Correlative analysis of brain activity with cognitive assessment was performed.ResultsCompared with the HCs, patients with psoriasis had worse cognitive performance in the Trail Making Test, Digit Span Test and Stroop Color‐Word Test (p < 0.05). Patients with psoriasis showed decreased ALFF in the left superior frontal gyrus, the left medial superior frontal gyrus and the right precuneus gyrus; as well as enhanced ALFF in the left paracentral lobule (pFWE < 0.05). Significant correlations were noted between the altered ALFF in the four brain regions and cognitive assessment (p < 0.05). Moreover, patients with psoriasis had increased FC between the four brain regions with altered ALFF (seeds) and the left prefrontal gyrus, the left anterior cingulate gyrus, left superior parietal lobule and default mode network (DMN) regions such as the right precuneus gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule, right angular gyrus and bilateral inferior temporal gyrus (pFWE < 0.05).ConclusionsPatients with psoriasis had altered brain activity and connectivity in the key brain areas within the DMN–prefrontal circuit. These brain changes may be the underlying neural correlates for cognitive functioning in patients with psoriasis.
Clinician approaches to new spine pain cases in primary care: Balance of opioid prescribing and early linkage to exercise therapy and spinal manipulation
Authors: Bauer Mark R. , Richard Patrick , Ritter Grant , Yoon Jangho , Larson Mary Jo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRationale, Aims and ObjectivesSpine pain (SP) is common and often disabling. Clinical practice guidelines discourage opioid treatment and outline the value of varied nonpharmacologic therapies (NPTs). This study elucidates the amount of variability in primary‐care clinicians' (PCPs') prescribing of opioids and in their cases' receipt of the two most common NPTs (exercise therapy and spinal manipulation).MethodThe design was a retrospective cohort study examining variation in the treatment of PCPs' new SP cases, classified by receipt of (a) prescription of an opioid at the initial visit; (b) exercise therapy and/or spinal manipulation within 30 days of initial visit. The study was set in the primary care clinics at military treatment facilities of the US Military Health System in the period between October 2011 and September 2016.ResultsThe majority of cases did not receive a study treatment (66.3%); 19.6% of cases received only NPT within 30 days of initial visit; 11.5% were prescribed only an opioid at the initial visit with receipt of both NPT and opioid during early treatment rare (2.6%). Exercise therapy within 30 days exhibited more than a twofold difference in interquartile percentile rates (IQR) (median provision 15.8%, IQR 9.8%−22.1%). The other treatments exhibited even greater variation; specifically, spinal manipulation (median 8.5%, IQR 3.3%−15.8%), and opioid at initial visit (median 10.3%, IQR 4.4%−18.2%). The availability of physical therapists and doctors of chiropractic had significant association with several clinical provision rates.ConclusionAmong providers of spine care for a sample of Army soldiers, there was substantial variation in the early provision of exercise therapy, spinal manipulation, and opioid prescriptions. The magnitude of the case‐mix adjusted variation and its association with facility availability of providers suggests that quality of care initiatives may help reduce this variation.
In memoriam: Thomas Cavalier‐Smith (1942–2021)
Authors: Langlois Gaytha A. , Rueckert Sonja 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThomas Cavalier‐Smith, born in London, U.K., on October 21, 1942, was a Professor of Evolutionary Biology in the Department of Zoology at the University of Oxford at the time of his death on March 19, 2021. Credited with at least 235 research works and over 20,000 citations, Cavalier‐Smith was a well‐known and widely respected scientist who took a bold and detailed approach to understanding major transitions in evolution, including the role of endosymbiosis. He was noted for his willingness to question theories and constantly accumulate and evaluate data, motivated by science for the sake of science. This paper reviews Thomas Cavalier‐Smith's major accomplishments, examines his theoretical approaches, and provides highlights from the “Tree of Life Symposium” sponsored by the International Society of Protistologists (ISOP) and the International Society of Evolutionary Protistology (ISEP) on June 21, 2021, to celebrate Tom's life and work.
Covalent immobilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans cell walls for aflatoxin M1 bio‐detoxification
Authors: Teymourlouei Solmaz Moradi , Khiabani Mahmood Sowti , Mokarram Reza Rezaei , Ghiasifar Shiva , Kafil Hossein Samadi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe study compared the bio‐detoxification capabilities of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans cell walls for aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). The yeast cell walls were disrupted using thermal shock‐ultrasound, resulting in 75 nm particles, as confirmed by dynamic light scattering. These disrupted cell walls were then immobilized on nano‐zeolite and entrapped in ca‐alginate. SEM, FTIR & XRD confirmed their physical absorption on the nano‐zeolite and entrapment in ca‐alginate. Samples were exposed to AFM1 for 15 min and 24 h, either in combination or free, before or after immobilization. HPLC analysis revealed significant variations in AFM1 reduction. The highest reduction of 89.49% was observed after 15 min with alginate treatment, while the immobilized‐entrapped C. albicans cell wall showed the lowest reduction of 24.77% after 24 h. Both free Candida cell walls and immobilized‐entrapped Saccharomyces cell walls showed impressive detoxification abilities. Additionally, immobilized‐entrapped cell walls are reusable and a sustainable choice for industrial use.
Artificial intelligence‐aided diagnostic imaging: A state‐of‐the‐art technique in precancerous screening
Authors: Lu Yang‐Bor , Lu Si‐Cun , Li Fu‐Dong , Le Puo‐Hsien , Zhang Kai‐Hua , Sun Zi‐Zheng , Huang Yung‐Ning , Weng Yu‐Chieh , Chen Wei‐Ting , Fu Yi‐Wei , Qian Jun‐Bo , Hu Bin , Xu Hong , Chiu Cheng‐Tang , Xu Qin‐Wei , Gong Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and AimChromoendoscopy with the use of indigo carmine (IC) dye is a crucial endoscopic technique to identify gastrointestinal neoplasms. However, its performance is limited by the endoscopist's skill, and no standards are available for lesion identification. Thus, we developed an artificial intelligence (AI) model to replace chromoendoscopy.MethodsThis pilot study assessed the feasibility of our novel AI model in the conversion of white‐light images (WLI) into virtual IC‐dyed images based on a generative adversarial network. The predictions of our AI model were evaluated against the assessments of five endoscopic experts who were blinded to the purpose of this study with a staining quality rating from 1 (unacceptable) to 4 (excellent).ResultsThe AI model successfully transformed the WLI of polyps with different morphologies and different types of lesions in the gastrointestinal tract into virtual IC‐dyed images. The quality ratings of the real IC‐dyed and AI images did not significantly differ concerning surface structure (AI vs IC: 3.08 vs 3.00), lesion border (3.04 vs 2.98), and overall contrast (3.14 vs 3.02) from 10 sets of images (10 AI images and 10 real IC‐dyed images). Although the score depended significantly on the evaluator, the staining methods (AI or real IC) and evaluators had no significant interaction (P > 0.05) with each other.ConclusionOur results demonstrated the feasibility of employing AI model's virtual IC staining, increasing the possibility of being employed in daily practice. This novel technology may facilitate gastrointestinal lesion identification in the future.
Home time and state regulations among Medicare beneficiaries in assisted living communities
Authors: Mao Yunjiao , Li Yue , McGarry Brian , Wang Jinjiao , Temkin‐Greener Helena 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundHome time is an important patient‐centric quality metric, which has been largely unexamined among assisted living (AL) residents. Our objectives were to assess variation in home time among AL residents in the year following admission and to examine the associations with state regulations for direct care workers (DCW) training and staffing and for licensed nurse staffing.MethodsMedicare beneficiaries who entered AL communities in 2018 were identified, and their home time in the year following admission was measured. Home time was calculated as the percentage of time spent at home per day being alive. Resident characteristics and state regulations in DCW staffing, DCW training, and licensed staffing were measured. We used a multivariate linear regression model with AL‐level fixed effects to estimate the relationship between person‐level characteristics and home time. Linear regression models adjusting for resident characteristics were used to estimate the association between state regulations and residents' home time.ResultsThe study sample included 59,831 new Medicare beneficiary residents in 12,143 ALs. In the year following AL admission, residents spent 94% (standard deviation = 14.6) of their time at home. Several resident characteristics were associated with lower home time: Medicare–Medicaid dual eligibility, having more chronic conditions, and specific chronic conditions, for example, dementia. In states with greater regulatory specificity for DCW training and staffing, and lower specificity for licensed staffing, residents had longer adjusted home time.Conclusion/ImplicationsHome time varied substantially among AL residents depending on resident characteristics and state‐level regulatory specificity. AL residents eligible for Medicare and Medicaid had substantially shorter home time than the Medicare‐only residents, largely due to longer time spent in nursing homes. State AL regulatory specificity for DCWs and licensed staff also impacted AL residents' home time. These findings may guide AL operators and state legislators in efforts to improve this important quality of life metric.
A case of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma of the upper gingiva with minimal residual disease detected in cryopreserved ovarian tissue: A case report
Authors: Wakimoto Ken , Wakimoto Yu , Matsuda Ikuo , Yoshihara Satoshi , Ukita Yuji , Fukui Atushi , Hirota Seiichi , Shibahara Hiroaki 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecently, more than 200 live births following ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) and transplantation in cancer survivors have been reported worldwide. However, cancer survivors with minimal residual disease (MRD) in cryopreserved ovarian tissue are at the risk of relapse through the graft. Here, we report a rare case of a 19‐year‐old female patient with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma who had MRD in the ovary harvested for OTC. The patient was diagnosed with aggressive B‐cell lymphoma after gingival biopsy. The 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose positron emission tomography scan performed before OTC showed no viable lesions in either ovary. However, on histological evaluation, we detected infiltration of lymphoma cells in the ovary. Informed consent about MRD is required even if there is no evidence of MRD in the ovary before OTC. Patients whose cryopreserved ovaries have MRD may require the development of alternative assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro growth or artificial ovary.
Effect of abutment type and creep behavior on the mechanical properties of implant restorations in the anterior region: A finite element analysis
Authors: Anniwaer Annikaer , Yin Zhengrong , Zhu Jiakang , Huang Cui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to assess the effect of abutment variation and creep on dental implant restorations.Materials and MethodsThree finite element analysis (FEA) models of implant restorations were created, which were restored by conventional one‐piece abutment (CA), hybrid abutment crown (HAC), and multi‐unit abutment (MUA). The contacts were considered intimate (no friction), except for implant/abutment, abutment/screw, and abutment/screw/crown (HAC) attachments. The related mechanical parameters were used to improve the authenticity of the study. Instantaneous loads and constant loads (100 s) of 130 N were applied at a 30° angle to the palatal portion of the crown. Results were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated using the equivalent von Mises stress, micro‐gap distance of the implant–abutment interface (IAI), preload changes, and safety index.ResultsThe stress state of each component differed depending on the restoration type, from CA and HAC to MUA. Implants and screws were the structures that suffered the most stress under instantaneous loads. Each metal structure exhibited a substantial decrease in stress during a constant loading period. The screws of the MUA abutment showed more preload loss (62.1 N) after constant loads for 100 s. MUA base produced less micro‐gap (0.72 μm) at the IAI when it was compared with the CA group (0.93 μm) and HAC group (3.29 μm).ConclusionsThe abutment type influences the mechanical properties and performance of implant restorations. The creep effect decreases the maximum stress level and increases the safety factors of each structure, indicating that stress‐related mechanical complications may not occur more easily.
The effect of weather index insurance on social capital: Evidence from rural Ethiopia
Authors: Nigus Halefom Yigzaw , Nillesen Eleonora , Mohnen Pierre 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe study the effect of weather index insurance (WII) uptake on social capital. We measure individual social capital using experimental and survey‐based measures and relate it to the actual purchase of WII. We use propensity score matching (PSM) and an instrumental variable (IV) to address endogeneity concerns. Our descriptive and PSM estimates show that WII uptake negatively and significantly affects social capital. We find that insured households contribute less to the public good than uninsured households. We also find qualitatively and quantitatively similar results using our IV approach, yet insufficient power renders most of our IV estimates insignificant. We however report robust significant effects of instrumented WII uptake on sociopsychological outcomes—WII uptake increases perceptions of self‐sufficiency and free‐riding behavior: these are potential channels through which a negative effect on social capital comes about. Although far from conclusive, our paper provides several pieces of evidence that suggest WII uptake negatively affects social capital.
Protective role of agarwood essential oil and compounds thereof in crop‐associated fungal pathogens
Authors: Liu Jing , Cheng Nuojin , Li Yuan , Jiang Xingtao , Luo Qi , Wu Zehong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe potential risk of fungal pathogen infection in agriculture has great adverse effects on agricultural development and human health. In this study, we explored the application of agarwood essential oil (AEO) and its main components in the development of agricultural fungicides. The compositions of AEO produced in Maoming City of Guangdong Province, China was firstly analysed by GC–MS. AEO and compounds thereof including carvacrol and longifolene were then used to perform a series of antifungal activity evaluations in vitro and in vivo against agricultural and foodborne pathogens. The in vitro results showed that the antifungal activities of AEO were comparable to those of hymexazol (a positive control), and carvacrol exhibited stronger efficacy. In vivo studies also showed that AEO and carvacrol could significantly inhibit the damage effect of Curvularia mebaldsii on the germination rate of wheat roots. Further, it was found that the germination rate exhibited a downward trend with the dose increase of AEO and carvacrol.
Hepatitis A hospitalisations in the United States and risk factors for inpatient mortality: A nationwide population study, 1998–2020
Authors: Wasuwanich Paul , So Joshua M. , Rajborirug Songyos , Karnsakul Wikrom 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHepatitis A virus infections in the United States have been declining; however, recent widespread outbreaks have brought the disease back into the spotlight. We aim to describe the epidemiology of hepatitis A hospitalisations from 1998 to 2020 in the United States and investigate risk factors for inpatient mortality. We utilised the National Inpatient Sample database and identified hepatitis A‐related hospitalisations using ICD‐9 and ICD‐10 diagnosis codes. Demographic and clinical data including death, coinfections, comorbidities and pregnancy status were extracted. Data were analysed by logistic and Poisson regression. We identified a total of 213,681 hepatitis A‐related hospitalisations between 1998 and 2020, with hospitalisation rates ranging between 22.4 per 1,000,000 and 62.9 per 1,000,000. Between 1998 and 2015, the hospitalisation rate for hepatitis A was decreasing (IRR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97–0.98; p < .001); however, between 2015 and 2020, it increased overall (IRR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.21–1.23; p < .001). The overall inpatient mortality rate was 2.7%. Age ≥55 years (OR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.41–2.40; p < .001), alcoholic cirrhosis (OR = 2.53; 95% CI: 1.64–3.90; p < .001), ascites (OR = 2.65; 95% CI: 1.86–3.78; p < .001), hepatorenal syndrome (OR = 9.04; 95% CI: 5.93–13.80; p < .001), heart failure (OR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.29–2.39; p < .001), pulmonary hypertension (OR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.28–3.19; p = .003) and malignant neoplasm (OR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.25–2.45; p = .001) were associated with increased odds of mortality. Tobacco use disorder (OR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.38–0.70; p < .001) was associated with decreased odds of mortality. None of the hepatitis A‐associated hospitalisations involving pregnant women resulted in death. Hepatitis A hospitalisations initially declined but increased rapidly after 2015. Certain risk factors can be used to predict prognosis of hospitalised patients.