bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of volumetric and 2D-based response methods in the PNOC-001 pediatric low-grade glioma clinical trial
Authors: von Reppert Marc , Ramakrishnan Divya , Brüningk Sarah C , Memon Fatima , Abi Fadel Sandra , Maleki Nazanin , Bahar Ryan , Avesta Arman E , Jekel Leon , Sala Matthew , Lost Jan , Tillmanns Niklas , Kaur Manpreet , Aneja Sanjay , Fathi Kazerooni Anahita , Nabavizadeh Ali , Lin MingDe , Hoffmann Karl-Titus , Bousabarah Khaled , Swanson Kristin R , Haas-Kogan Daphne , Mueller Sabine , Aboian Mariam S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Although response in pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) includes volumetric assessment, more simplified 2D-based methods are often used in clinical trials. The study’s purpose was to compare volumetric to 2D methods.

Methods
An expert neuroradiologist performed solid and whole tumor (including cyst and edema) volumetric measurements on MR images using a PACS-based manual segmentation tool in 43 pLGG participants (213 total follow-up images) from the Pacific Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Consortium (PNOC-001) trial. Classification based on changes in volumetric and 2D measurements of solid tumor were compared to neuroradiologist visual response assessment using the Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS) criteria for a subset of 65 images using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Longitudinal modeling of solid tumor volume was used to predict BT-RADS classification in 54 of the 65 images.

Results
There was a significant difference in ROC area under the curve between 3D solid tumor volume and 2D area (0.96 vs 0.78, P = .005) and between 3D solid and 3D whole volume (0.96 vs 0.84, P = .006) when classifying BT-RADS progressive disease (PD). Thresholds of 15–25% increase in 3D solid tumor volume had an 80% sensitivity in classifying BT-RADS PD included in their 95% confidence intervals. The longitudinal model of solid volume response had a sensitivity of 82% and a positive predictive value of 67% for detecting BT-RADS PD.

Conclusions
Volumetric analysis of solid tumor was significantly better than 2D measurements in classifying tumor progression as determined by BT-RADS criteria and will enable more comprehensive clinical management.
Automation of Functional Mobility Assessments at Home Using a Multimodal Sensor System Integrating Inertial Measurement Units and Computer Vision (IMU-Vision)
Authors: Spangler Johanna , Mitjans Marc , Collimore Ashley , Gomes-Pires Aysha , Levine David M , Tron Roberto , Awad Louis N 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
Functional movement assessments are routinely used to evaluate and track changes in mobility. The objective of this study was to evaluate a multimodal movement monitoring system developed for autonomous, home-based, functional movement assessment.

Methods
Fifty frail and prefrail adults were recruited from the Brigham and Women’s Hospital at Home program to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of applying the multimodal movement monitoring system to autonomously recognize and score functional activities collected in the home. Study subjects completed sit-to-stand, standing balance (Romberg, semitandem, and tandem), and walking test activities in likeness to the Short Physical Performance Battery. Test activities were identified and scored manually and by the multimodal movement monitoring system’s activity recognition and scoring algorithms, which were previously trained on lab-based biomechanical data to integrate wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU) and external red–blue–green-depth vision data. Feasibility was quantified as the proportion of completed tests that were analyzable. Accuracy was quantified as the degree of agreement between the actual and system-identified activities. In an exploratory analysis of a subset of functional activity data, the accuracy of a preliminary activity-scoring algorithm was also evaluated.

Results
Activity recognition by the IMU-vision system had good feasibility and high accuracy. Of 271 test activities collected in the home, 217 (80%) were analyzable by the activity-recognition algorithm, which overall correctly identified 206 (95%) of the analyzable activities: 100% of walking, 97% of balance, and 82% of sit-to-stand activities (χ2(2) = 19.9). In the subset of 152 tests suitable for activity scoring, automatic and manual scores showed substantial agreement (Kw = 0.76 [0.69, 0.83]).

Conclusions
Autonomous recognition and scoring of home-based functional activities is enabled by a multimodal movement monitoring system that integrates inertial measurement unit and vision data. Further algorithm training with ecologically valid data and a kitted system that is independently usable by patients are needed before fully autonomous, functional movement assessment is realizable.

Impact
Functional movement assessments that can be administered in the home without a clinician present have the potential to democratize these evaluations and improve care access.
The moral embeddedness of cryptomarkets: text mining feedback on economic exchanges on the dark web
Authors: Macanovic Ana , Przepiorka Wojtek 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Reputation systems promote cooperation in large-scale online markets for illegal goods. These so-called cryptomarkets operate on the Dark Web, where legal, social, and moral trust-building mechanisms are difficult to establish. However, for the reputation mechanism to be effective in promoting cooperation, traders have to leave feedback after completed transactions in the form of ratings and short texts. Here we investigate the motivational landscape of the reputation systems of three large cryptomarkets. We employ manual and automatic text mining methods to code 2 million feedback texts for a range of motives for leaving feedback. We find that next to self-regarding motives and reciprocity, moral norms (i.e. unconditional considerations for others’ outcomes) drive traders’ voluntary supply of information to reputation systems. Our results show how psychological mechanisms interact with organizational features of markets to provide a collective good that promotes mutually beneficial economic exchange.
Night-time sleep duration and postpartum weight retention in primiparous women
Authors: Ryan Jeanna T , Day Heather , Egger Marlene J , Wu Jiqiang , Depner Christopher M , Shaw Janet M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Approximately 75% of women weigh more at 1-year postpartum than pre-pregnancy. More than 47% retain &gt;10 lbs at 1-year postpartum, which is associated with adverse health outcomes for mother and child. Disturbed sleep may contribute to risk of postpartum weight retention (PWR) as short sleep duration is associated with increased risk of obesity. Thus, we investigated whether night-time sleep duration is associated with risk for excessive PWR. We also explored night-time sleep duration and change in postpartum waist circumference.

Methods
This is an ancillary analysis from a prospective cohort study. Participants were healthy primiparous adults with a singleton birth. Excessive PWR at 1-year postpartum was defined as ≥7% of pre-pregnancy weight. Log-binomial and linear regression assessed associations between night-time sleep duration at 6 months postpartum and PWR at 1-year postpartum. Linear regression assessed the association between night-time sleep duration and change in postpartum waist circumference.

Results
Mean age of participants (N = 467) was 29.51 (SD ± 4.78) years. Night-time sleep duration by actigraphy or self-report was not associated with risk for excessive PWR (risk ratio 0.96, [95%CI 0.87–1.06]; risk ratio 0.95 [95%CI 0.83–1.07], respectively) or change in waist circumference.

Conclusion
Night-time sleep duration at 6 months postpartum was not associated with PWR at 1-year postpartum. Mixed findings among our results and previous research could be due to our focus on night-time sleep, and differences in sleep measurement methods and timeframes across studies. More comprehensively assessing sleep, including multiple sleep dimensions, may help advance our understanding of potential links between sleep and PWR.

Trial Registration
The parent study, Motherhood and Pelvic Health (MAP Study), is registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02512016, NCT02512016.
Court of Cassation, Sec. II, 17 February 2023, No. 5073: foreign discretionary trusts and protection of forced heirs in Italy
Authors: Cenini Marta 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The judgment under comment contains some valuable statements that may now be considered as milestones in the matter of trusts in the Italian legal system. First, the Italian Supreme Court held that a discretionary family trust which allegedly impairs the portion reserved for the forced heirs is valid and recognisable under the Hague Convention on trusts and that the only remedy available to the forced heirs is an action for reduction (“azione di riduzione”, clawback action). Although the subject matter of the dispute was not the reduction of transfers in trust, the Court also provides guidance as to who is the plaintiff and who is the defendant in an action for reduction and as to other conditions for the action. However, there are still some open questions concerning the jurisdiction and enforcement of judgments in legal systems that provide for the so-called firewall provisions.
Integrating career, health, and finance in a holistic retirement planning intervention for Australian older workers
Authors: Mooney Anna , Earl Joanne , Gerrans Paul , Wijeratne Chanaka , Mooney Carl 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Inadequate retirement planning has negative consequences for individuals and society. Interventions to improve more informed planning often focus primarily on financial aspects, with the timing of workplace exit and health considerations ignored leaving retirees at risk of poor adjustment. A six-stage intervention was developed consisting of three online modules (career, health, and finance) combined with individual consultations that aimed to assist older workers (N = 829, Mage = 57.09, female = 68%) to make more considered decisions about retirement. A randomized control study using four groups (modules only, modules-plus-consultations [holistic], finance only, and a control) was employed. Holistic group participants completed three online modules, completed a general health check, and spoke to a career consultant, as well as a financial consultant. Compared with the control group, mixed-effects regressions showed improved intervention outcomes across all three experimental groups. Of these, the holistic group had the largest number of significant outcomes including increased workplace exit perceptions, financial decision-making, and career and finance goal processes. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of integrating online modules with retirement consultations to optimize retirement decision-making.
Three-Dimensional Ultrastructure of Arabidopsis Cotyledons Infected with Colletotrichum higginsianum
Authors: Regmi Kamesh C. , Ghosh Suchismita , Koch Benjamin , Neumann Ulla , Stein Barry , O'Connell Richard J. , Innes Roger W. 
Published: December 2023

We used serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) to study the host–pathogen interface between Arabidopsis cotyledons and the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum. By combining high-pressure freezing and freeze-substitution with SBF-SEM, followed by segmentation and reconstruction of the imaging volume using the freely accessible software IMOD, we created 3D models of the series of cytological events that occur during the Colletotrichum–Arabidopsis susceptible interaction. We found that the host cell membranes underwent massive expansion to accommodate the rapidly growing intracellular hypha. As the fungal infection proceeded from the biotrophic to the necrotrophic stage, the host cell membranes went through increasing levels of disintegration culminating in host cell death. Intriguingly, we documented autophagosomes in proximity to biotrophic hyphae using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a concurrent increase in autophagic flux between early to mid/late biotrophic phase of the infection process. Occasionally, we observed osmiophilic bodies in the vicinity of biotrophic hyphae using TEM only and near necrotrophic hyphae under both TEM and SBF-SEM. Overall, we established a method for obtaining serial SBF-SEM images, each with a lateral ( x-y) pixel resolution of 10 nm and an axial ( z) resolution of 40 nm, that can be reconstructed into interactive 3D models using the IMOD. Application of this method to the Colletotrichum–Arabidopsis pathosystem allowed us to more fully understand the spatial arrangement and morphological architecture of the fungal hyphae after they penetrate epidermal cells of Arabidopsis cotyledons and the cytological changes the host cell undergoes as the infection progresses toward necrotrophy. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Unveiling the Slippery Secrets of Saliva: Effector Proteins of Phloem-Feeding Insects
Authors: Bleau Jade R. , Gaur Namami , Fu Yao , Bos Jorunn I. B. 
Published: December 2023

Phloem-feeding insects include many important agricultural pests that cause crop damage globally, either through feeding-related damage or upon transmission of viruses and microbes that cause plant diseases. With genetic crop resistances being limited to most of these pests, control relies on insecticides, which are costly and damaging to the environment and to which insects can develop resistance. Like other plant parasites, phloem-feeding insects deliver effectors inside their host plants to promote susceptibility, most likely by a combination of suppressing immunity and promoting nutrient availability. The recent emergence of the effector paradigm in plant–insect interactions is highlighted by increasing availability of effector repertoires for a range of species and a broadening of our knowledge concerning effector functions. Here, we focus on recent progress made toward identification of effector repertoires from phloem-feeding insects and developments in effector biology that will advance functional characterization studies. Importantly, identification of effector activities from herbivorous insects promises to provide new avenues toward development of crop protection strategies. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Functional analyses of Toxoplasma gondii dihydroorotase reveal a promising anti‐parasitic target
Authors: Pan Ming , Ge Ceng‐Ceng , Niu Shui‐Zhu , Duan Yin‐Yan , Fan Yi‐Min , Jin Qi‐Wang , Chen Xiang , Tao Jian‐Ping , Huang Si‐Yang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractToxoplasma gondii relies heavily on the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway for fueling the high uridine‐5′‐monophosphate (UMP) demand during parasite growth. The third step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis is catalyzed by dihydroorotase (DHO), a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible condensation of carbamoyl aspartate to dihydroorotate. Here, functional analyses of TgDHO reveal that tachyzoites lacking DHO are impaired in overall growth due to decreased levels of UMP, and the noticeably growth restriction could be partially rescued after supplementation with uracil or high concentrations of L‐dihydroorotate in vitro. When pyrimidine salvage pathway is disrupted, both DHOH35A and DHOD284E mutant strains proliferated much slower than DHO‐expressing parasites, suggesting an essential role of both TgDHO His35 and Asp284 residues in parasite growth. Additionally, DHO deletion causes the limitation of bradyzoite growth under the condition of uracil supplementation or uracil deprivation. During the infection in mice, the DHO‐deficient parasites are avirulent, despite the generation of smaller tissue cysts. The results reveal that TgDHO contributes to parasite growth both in vitro and in vivo. The significantly differences between TgDHO and mammalian DHO reflect that DHO can be exploited to produce specific inhibitors targeting apicomplexan parasites. Moreover, potential DHO inhibitors exert beneficial effects on enzymatic activity of TgDHO and T. gondii growth in vitro. In conclusion, these data highlight the important role of TgDHO in parasite growth and reveal that it is a promising anti‐parasitic target for future control of toxoplasmosis.
Comparison of the Efficacy of HSK3486 and Propofol for Induction of General Anesthesia in Adults: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled, Phase 3 Noninferiority Trial
Authors: Gan Tong J. , Bertoch Todd , Habib Ashraf S. , Yan Pangke , Zhou Rong , Lai Yu-Ling , Liu Xiao , Essandoh Michael , Daley William L. , Gelb Adrian W. 
Published: December 2023

Background
Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic associated with hypotension, respiratory depression, and injection-site pain. HSK3486 injectable emulsion (ciprofol) is a 2,6-disubstituted phenol derivative with fast onset and quick, stable recovery. Previous studies support HSK3486 as an effective, safe anesthetic with substantially less injection-site pain than propofol. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the noninferiority of HSK3486 compared with propofol in successful general anesthesia induction.

Methods
Two hundred fifty-five participants were enrolled in HSK3486-304, a multicenter, randomized (2:1), double-blind, propofol-controlled, phase 3 study evaluating HSK3486 for general anesthesia induction in adults undergoing elective surgery with tracheal intubation. The primary endpoint was successful anesthesia induction, defined as 1 or less on the Modified Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scale. Key secondary endpoints were proportion of participants with injection-site pain on the Numerical Rating Scale of 1 or greater and a composite endpoint, including the proportion of participants successfully induced while maintaining the desired anesthetic depth and without substantial cardiac and respiratory events. Safety endpoints included adverse events, abnormal vital signs, and injection-site pain.

Results
Two hundred fifty-one participants (HSK3486, n = 168; propofol, n = 83) were included in the analyses. General anesthesia was successfully induced in 97.0% versus 97.6% of participants with HSK3486 and propofol, respectively. The difference in success rate was −0.57% (95% CI, −5.4 to 4.2%); the noninferiority boundary of −8% was not crossed. Thirty participants (18.0%) had injection-site pain with HSK3486 versus 64 (77.1%) with propofol (P < 0.0001). Eighty-one participants (48.2%) with HSK3486 versus 42 (50.6%) with propofol (P = 0.8780) satisfied the composite endpoint. When injection-site pain was excluded, the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events related to study drug was 17.9% for HSK3486 and 14.5% for propofol.

Conclusions
The study met its primary objective and endpoint, demonstrating noninferiority of HSK3486 compared with propofol in successful anesthetic induction. Substantially less injection-site pain was associated with HSK3486 than with propofol.

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Survival Benefit of Primary Tumor Resection Combined With Chemotherapy in Patients With Unresectable Colorectal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma With Liver Metastasis
Authors: Liao Shu-wen , Zhan Jie-qun , Liu Chu-tian , Yu Hai-tao , Wen Min-jie 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
To evaluate the survival benefit of combining primary tumor resection (PTR) and chemotherapy in patients with unresectable colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma with liver metastasis (UCR-MAC-LM).

Methods:
We obtained data from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database for patients with UCR-MAC-LM from 2010 to 2017. Clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed using the χ2 test. Propensity score matching was performed to balance baseline characteristics. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests were used to estimate and compare survival outcomes. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to identify the prognostic factors.

Results:
A total of 10,178 patients with unresectable colorectal adenocarcinoma with liver metastasis were included, of whom 6.01% (n=612) had UCR-MAC-LM. The UCR-MAC-LM group had a higher proportion of female patients, a greater number of elderly patients, an increased incidence of right colon localization, larger tumor size, and higher T and N staging than the unresectable colorectal non-mucinous adenocarcinoma with liver metastasis group (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis identified several independent prognostic factors (P<0.05). Patients with unresectable colorectal adenocarcinoma with liver metastasis who underwent PTR+C had superior survival rates compared with those who received PTR/C alone or no treatment (cancer-specific survival, P<0.05; overall survival, P<0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed that 17 of 22 groups of patients with UCR-MAC-LM who received PTR+C had significantly prolonged long-term survival compared with those who received PTR/C alone.

Conclusions:
This surveillance, epidemiology, and end results-based study indicates that PTR+C may offer a survival advantage for a specific subgroup of patients with UCR-MAC-LM compared with PTR/C alone. Nonetheless, additional clinical trials are necessary to validate these findings.
ACR-ARS Practice Parameter for Communication
Authors: Saeed Hina , Wallner Paul E. , Bates James E. , Chundury Anupama , Freedman Laura M. , Mitin Timur , Walker Gary V. , Small William , Schechter Naomi R. 
Published: December 2023

Objectives:
This practice parameter was revised collaboratively by the American College of Radiology (ACR), and the American Radium Society (ARS). Timely, accurate, and effective communications are critical to quality and safety in contemporary medical practices. Radiation oncology incorporates the science and technology of complex, integrated treatment delivery and the art of providing care to individual patients. Through written physical and/or electronic reports and direct communication, radiation oncologists convey their knowledge and evaluation regarding patient care, clinical workup, and treatment provided to others in the management of the patient. Applicable practice parameters need to be revised periodically regarding medical record documentation for professional and technical components of services delivered.

Methods:
This practice parameter was developed and revised according to the process described under the heading “The Process for Developing ACR Practice Parameters and Technical Standards” on the ACR website (https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Practice-Parameters-and-Technical-Standards) by the Committee on Practice Parameters—Radiation Oncology of the ACR Commission on Radiation Oncology in collaboration with the ARS. Both societies have reviewed and approved the document.

Results:
This practice parameter addresses radiation oncology communications in general, including (a) medical record, (b) electronic, and (c) doctor-patient communications, as well as specific documentation for radiation oncology reports such as (a) consultation, (b) clinical treatment management notes (including inpatient communication), (c) treatment (completion) summary, and (d) follow-up visits.

Conclusions:
The radiation oncologist’s participation in the multidisciplinary management of patients is reflected in timely, medically appropriate, and informative communication with patients, caregivers, referring physician, and other members of the health care team. The ACR-ARS Practice Parameter for Communication: Radiation Oncology is an educational tool designed to assist practitioners in providing appropriate communication regarding radiation oncology care for patients.