bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrabony course of the inferior alveolar nerve in the edentulous mandible
Authors: Kieser J.A. , Paulin M. , Law B. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the vertical positioning and intrabony branching patterns of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in 39 edentulous human cadaveric mandibles by buccal microdissection. Dissected mandibles were classified on the basis of the height of the IAN within the body of the mandible and the branching pattern of the IAN. The IAN was located in the superior part of the body of the mandible in 30.7% (12/39) of cases, all of which showed a small posterior molar plexus of branches. In 69.2% (27/39) of cases the IAN was half‐way or closer to the inferior border of the mandible. Of these latter cases, 41% demonstrated a small, posterior molar plexus of branches, 37% showed posterior and anterior plexuses, and 22% showed either no branches or a single trunk with a small number of single branches directed at the superior border of the mandible. These findings were rendered in 3D computer format for instructional purposes. Clin. Anat. 17:107–111, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinematics of the toe touching test: An investigation using motion analysis
Authors: Rice J. , Kaliszer M. , Walsh M. , Jenkinson A. , O'Brien T. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractWe describe a technique for measuring dynamic motion at the low back along with the major lower limb joints during the toe touching maneuver. This type of motion analysis was carried out on eight normal volunteers. Flexion during the toe touching maneuver involves not only low back and hip movement but also ankle plantar flexion and a varying degree of knee movement. The low back and ankle movements were highly correlated within each subject to an extent that suggests a functional connection between the lower limb and low back movements. The significance of our work is two‐fold. First, we emphasize that the toe touching test represents a combined movement of the low back, the hips, the knees, and the ankles and it is reasonable to suggest that abnormalities of these joints may affect the clinical relevance of the test as an indicator of back movement. Second, we point out that the guidelines of the American Medical Association in using the test to determine hip movement are incorrect as they do not take into account the effect of knee and ankle movements on the estimation of hip movement. Clin. Anat. 17:130–138, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of the sensory nerves to the dorsum of the tongue in staged human embryos
Authors: Tamatsu Yuichi , Gasser Raymond F. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractTo determine in selected, staged human embryos the time period and manner of formation of the sensory nerves to the mucosa on the dorsum of the tongue, cranial nerves V3 and IX and their lingual branches were traced microscopically. These two cranial nerves along with cranial nerve VII are present in the dorsal part of their respective pharyngeal arch 1, 2, and 3 at Stage 13. All three nerves grow ventrally at Stage 16, and the lingual branches of V3 and IX become closer to the developing tongue region. The lingual fibers begin to enter the tongue substance at Stage 17 when they appear as large short branches that terminate 100–400 μm from the dorsal mucosal basement membrane; of the fibers that are in the tissue deep to the surface mucosa, those in the posterior tongue segment terminate the closest and those in the anterior segment the farthest. Chorda tympani nerve fibers are joined with V3 at Stage 20. At this stage nerve fibers reach the basement membrane in the posterior tongue segment and by Stage 23 they terminate at the basement membrane throughout the tongue, being sparsest in the anterior segment. Primordial papillae appear as small mucosal projections throughout the tongue at Stage 20 and are innervated by Stage 23. The study found that innervation to the dorsum of the tongue develops during the second month of prenatal life. During the 4‐week period, Stages 13–23, an innervation pattern was observed based on the relative time fibers terminate at the basement membrane. The pattern begins caudally in the root, then moves rostrally lateral to the middle tongue segment, proceeding then to the tip of the tongue. The last area to become innervated is the medial part of the middle segment or central portion of the tongue. Clin. Anat. 17:99–106, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variant of the coracobrachialis muscle with a tunnel for the median nerve and brachial artery
Authors: El‐Naggar Mostafa M. , Al‐Saggaf Samar 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis case report documents a variation in the insertion of the coracobrachialis muscle of the right arm of an adult male cadaver of unknown age. In addition to the normal insertion of the coracobrachialis muscle into the middle of the medial border of the humerus, an additional slender tendon passed inferiorly, crossing anterior to the median nerve and brachial artery before attaching to the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Most of the proximal part of the tendon gave rise to an aponeurotic expansion that inserted into the distal medial border of the humerus. The tendinous insertion and aponeurotic expansion may represent a variant of the coracobrachialis longus (Wood's) muscle and the internal brachial ligament, respectively. The median nerve and brachial artery traversed a tunnel bounded by the additional tendon and aponeurotic expansion as well as the usual humeral insertion of the coracobrachialis muscle. The clinical implication of this variation is that it may be a cause of median nerve entrapment and brachial artery compression. Clin. Anat. 17:139–143, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of an alternate dissection schedule on gross anatomy laboratory practical performance
Authors: McWhorter David L. , Forester Joseph P. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe current medical curricula reform that is taking place in many medical schools throughout the world has resulted in less time for gross anatomy laboratory instruction. In response, anatomists are using a variety of approaches (e.g., peer teaching, prosections, plastinated anatomical models, etc.) to adapt to these changes. To accommodate recent curricular reform at the University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine, an alternating dissection schedule was implemented. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the alternating schedule on gross anatomy laboratory practical performance. Using a Mann‐Whitney Rank Sum test, back and upper limb (back‐upper limb), and lower extremity laboratory practical performance for students who dissected in every laboratory (EL group; n = 227) is compared to students who dissected in every other laboratory (EOL group; n = 254). For the back‐upper limb part of the anatomy laboratory practical, the mean percentage scores for the EL and EOL groups were 74.5% and 68.1%, respectively (P < 0.001). The mean percentage scores for the EL and EOL groups on the lower limb portion of the anatomy lab practical were 75.9% and 75.6%, respectively (P = 0.994). These data suggest that the use of an alternating dissection schedule had an equivocal effect on the students' gross anatomy laboratory practical performance for these two sections. The reasons for these conflicting results may have been related to regional complexity or volume of information, and the sequence in which the regions were taught. Clin. Anat. 17:144–148, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cloning and characterization of Kin5, a novel Tetrahymena ciliary kinesin II
Authors: Awan Aashir , Bernstein Mitchell , Hamasaki Toshikazu , Satir Peter 
Published: February 2004

AbstractTwo Tetrahymena kinesin‐like proteins (klps) of the kinesin II subfamily, Kin1 and Kin2, were first identified by Brown et al. [1999 : Mol Biol Cell 10 : 3081–3096] and shown to be involved in ciliary morphogenesis probably as molecular motors in intraciliary transport (ICT). Using Tetrahymena genomic DNA as a template, we cloned Kin5, another kinesin II subfamily member. Kin5 is upregulated upon deciliation, suggesting that Kin5 is a ciliary protein. Kin5 is most closely related to Osm3, a Caenorhabditis elegans kinesin II; Osm3 and Kin5 have a 56% identity, which rises to 60.4% in the motor domain and a 45% identity in a 60 amino acid region of the C‐terminal FERM (4.1, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain, not present in Kin1 or Kin2, which we hypothesize to be a critical domain either for dimerization or for cargo recognition in ICT. An antibody to a peptide sequence from the tail region of Kin5 localizes in a punctate pattern along the ciliary axoneme, colocalizing with an antibody to the raft protein IFT139. These findings suggest that Kin5 is an ICT motor like Osm3. Osm3 orthologs apparently transport membrane proteins and Kin5 may be the homodimeric kinesin II that performs this function in Tetrahymena cilia. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 58:1–9, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Palladin is a novel binding partner for Ena/VASP family members
Authors: Boukhelifa Malika , Parast Mana M. , Bear James E. , Gertler Frank B. , Otey Carol A. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractPalladin is an actin‐associated protein that contains proline‐rich motifs within its amino‐terminal sequence that are similar to motifs found in zyxin, vinculin, and the Listeria protein ActA. These motifs are known to be potential binding sites for the Vasodilator‐Stimulated Phosphoprotein (VASP). Here, we demonstrate that palladin is an additional direct binding partner for VASP, by using co‐immunoprecipitation and blot overlay techniques with both endogenous palladin and recombinant myc‐tagged palladin. These results show that VASP binds to full‐length palladin and also to the amino‐terminal half of palladin, where the polyproline motifs are located. Using a synthetic peptide array, two discrete binding sites for VASP were identified within palladin's proline‐rich amino‐terminal domain. Using double‐label immunofluorescence staining of fully‐spread and actively‐spreading fibroblasts, the extent of co‐localization of palladin and VASP was explored. These proteins were found to strongly co‐localize along stress fibers, and partially co‐localize in focal adhesions, lamellipodia, and focal complexes. These results suggest that the recently described actin‐associated protein palladin may play an important role in recruiting VASP to sites of actin filament growth, anchorage, and crosslinking. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 58:17–29, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Properties of the full‐length heavy chains of Tetrahymena ciliary outer arm dynein separated by urea treatment
Authors: Toba Shiori , Gibson Tracie M. , Shiroguchi Katsuyuki , Toyoshima Yoko Y. , Asai David J. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractAn important challenge is to understand the functional specialization of dynein heavy chains. The ciliary outer arm dynein from Tetrahymena thermophila is a heterotrimer of three heavy chains, called α, β and γ. In order to dissect the contributions of the individual heavy chains, we used controlled urea treatment to dissociate Tetrahymena outer arm dynein into a 19S β/γ dimer and a 14S α heavy chain. The three heavy chains remained full‐length and retained MgATPase activity. The β/γ dimer bound microtubules in an ATP‐sensitive fashion. The isolated α heavy chain also bound microtubules, but this binding was not reversed by ATP. The 19S β/γ dimer and the 14S α heavy chain could be reconstituted into 22S dynein. The intact 22S dynein, the 19S β/γ dimer, and the reconstituted dynein all produced microtubule gliding motility. In contrast, the separated α heavy chain did not produce movement under a variety of conditions. The intact 22S dynein produced movement that was discontinuous and slower than the movement produced by the 19S dimer. We conclude that the three heavy chains of Tetrahymena outer arm dynein are functionally specialized. The α heavy chain may be responsible for the structural binding of dynein to the outer doublet A‐tubule and/or the positioning of the β/γ motor domains near the surface of the microtubule track. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 58:30–38, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interaction of Cep135 with a p50 dynactin subunit in mammalian centrosomes
Authors: Uetake Yumi , Terada Yasuhiko , Matuliene Jurgita , Kuriyama Ryoko 
Published: February 2004

AbstractCep135 is a 135‐kDa, coiled‐coil centrosome protein important for microtubule organization in mammalian cells [Ohta et al., 2002: J. Cell Biol. 156:87–99]. To identify Cep135‐interacting molecules, we screened yeast two‐hybrid libraries. One clone encoded dynamitin, a p50 dynactin subunit, which localized at the centrosome and has been shown to be involved in anchoring microtubules to centrosomes. The central domain of p50 binds to the C‐terminal sequence of Cep135; this was further confirmed by immunoprecipitation and immunostaining of CHO cells co‐expressing the binding domains for Cep135 and p50. Exogenous p50 lacking the Cep135‐binding domain failed to locate at the centrosome, suggesting that Cep135 is required for initial targeting of the centrosome. Altered levels of Cep135 and p50 by RNAi and protein overexpression caused the release of endogenous partner molecules from centrosomes. This also resulted in dislocation of other centrosomal molecules, such as γ‐tubulin and pericentrin, ultimately leading to disorganization of microtubule patterns. These results suggest that Cep135 and p50 play an important role in assembly and maintenance of functional microtubule‐organizing centers. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 58:53–66, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monastrol, a prototype anti‐cancer drug that inhibits a mitotic kinesin, induces rapid bursts of axonal outgrowth from cultured postmitotic neurons
Authors: Haque Saad A. , Hasaka Thomas P. , Brooks Ari D. , Lobanov Pavel V. , Baas Peter W. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractTerminally postmitotic neurons continue to express many of the kinesin‐related proteins known to configure microtubules during mitosis. Drugs that inhibit these kinesins are being developed as anti‐cancer agents with the hope that they will inhibit proliferation of tumor cells without having adverse effects on the nervous system. The prototype, termed monastrol, inhibits the kinesin known as Eg5, which is essential for maintaining separation of the half‐spindles. Eg5 is also highly expressed in neurons, particularly during development. Exposure of cultured sympathetic neurons to monastrol for a few hours increased both the number and the growth rate of the axons. With additional time, the overall lengths of the axons were indistinguishable from controls. Sensory neurons showed a similar short‐term increase in axonal growth rate. However, prolonged exposure resulted in shorter axons, suggesting that sensory neurons may be more sensitive to toxic effects of the drug. Nevertheless, the overall health of the cultures was still far more robust than cultures treated with taxol, a drug commonly used for anti‐cancer therapy. On the basis of these results, we conclude that Eg5 normally generates forces that oppose axonal growth, presumably by partially suppressing the forward advance of microtubules. We speculate that local regulation of Eg5 could be a means by which neurons coordinate rapid bursts of axonal growth with appropriate environmental cues. The comparatively modest toxic effects on the neurons over time are a hopeful sign for clinicians interested in using anti‐Eg5 drugs for cancer therapy. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 58:10–16, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myofibrillogenesis in skeletal muscle cells in the presence of taxol
Authors: Siebrands Cornelia C. , Sanger Jean M. , Sanger Joseph W. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractWe address the controversy of whether mature myofibrils can form in the presence of taxol, a microtubule‐stabilizing compound. Previous electron microscopic studies reported the absence of actin filaments and Z‐bands in taxol‐treated myocytes [Antin et al., 1981: J Cell Biol 90:300–308; Toyoma et al., 1982: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:6556–6560]. Quail skeletal myoblasts were isolated from 10‐day‐old embryos and grown in the presence or absence of taxol. Taxol inhibited the formation of multinucleated elongated myotubes. Myocytes cultured in the continual presence of taxol progressed from rounded to stellate shapes. Groups of myocytes that were clustered together after the isolation procedure fused in the presence of taxol but did not form elongated myotubes. Actin filaments and actin‐binding proteins were detected with several different fluorescent probes in all myofibrils that formed in the presence of taxol. The Z‐bands contained both alpha‐actinin and titin, and the typical arrays of A‐Bands were always associated with actin filaments in the myofibrils. Myofibril formation was followed by fixing cells each day in culture and staining with probes for actin, muscle‐specific alpha‐actinin, myosin II, nebulin, troponin, tropomyosin, and non‐muscle myosin II. Small linear aggregates of alpha‐actinin or Z‐bodies, premyofibrils, were detected at the edges of the myocytes and in the arms of the taxol‐treated cells and were always associated with actin filaments. Non‐muscle myosin II was detected at the edges of the taxol‐treated cells. Removal of the taxol drug led to the cells assuming a normal compact elongated shape. During the recovery process, additional myofibrils formed at the spreading edges of these elongated and thicker myotubes. Staining of these taxol‐recovering cells with specific fluorescent reagents reveals three different classes of actin fibers. These results are consistent with a model of myofibrillogenesis that involves the transition of premyofibrils to mature myofibrils. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 58:39–52, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recruiting Black/African American men for research on prostate cancer prevention
Authors: Woods V. Diane , Montgomery Susanne B. , Herring R. Patti 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDBlack/African American men die of prostate cancer at a greater rate relative to other males. During the period from 1992 to 1998, prostate cancer incidence rates in the United States were 234.2 per 100,000 persons among non‐Hispanic black males and 144.6 per 100,000 persons among white males. The reasons for these increased rates of prostate cancer among black males are largely unknown, but increased mortality is associated with late detection. The authors conducted a longitudinal study of black men that investigated prostate cancer prevention behaviors within this population. The purpose of the current article is to identify successful recruitment strategies that were reported by participants in this study of prevention behaviors.METHODSQualitative research methods were used to elucidate men's thoughts, attitudes, beliefs, and practices regarding prostate cancer prevention behaviors and to identify strategies for attracting black men to research programs and retaining them in these programs.RESULTSEthnocentric recruitment strategies that were identified included the development of tailored printed materials; the use of targeted locations; and a personalized, participatory approach for engaging potential participants. We contacted 498 black men and enrolled a cohort of 277 non‐Hispanic black males (75% of whom were recruited within a 9‐week period) in the current study.CONCLUSIONSUnlike other studies that reported difficulty in recruiting African American men, the current study did not encounter such difficulties. The authors attribute their success to culturally attractive Afrocentric materials; cultural sensitivity; a caring, professional, personalized ethnic approach; respect; and participatory involvement of the target population. Nonetheless, the authors did encounter barriers, such as lack of physician interest and lack of trust in quality medical care. These barriers must be overcome before black males can be engaged and retained in research studies on prostate cancer prevention. Cancer 2004;100:1017–25. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Immunohistochemically detected tumor cells in the sentinel lymph nodes of patients with breast carcinoma
Authors: Moore Katrina H. , Thaler Howard T. , Tan Lee K. , Borgen Patrick I. , Cody Hiram S. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDSentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is a new standard of care for patients with breast carcinoma, and allows enhanced pathologic analysis with serial sections and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for cytokeratins to be performed on a routine basis. However, the significance of SLN micrometastases detected only by IHC is uncertain. Are these tumor cells truly markers of metastatic potential, or simply evidence of passive displacement by preoperative instrumentation of the tumor site? Here we evaluate whether the pattern of SLN metastasis in breast carcinoma is related to the degree of manipulation at biopsy before surgery, independently of other known predictors.METHODSAmong 4016 consecutive eligible patients with breast carcinoma registered in a prospective SLN database at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, we noted patient/tumor characteristics, pathologic status of the SLN (negative, positive by hematoxylin and eosin [H&E], or positive only on IHC), and method of previous biopsy (none, fine‐needle aspiration biopsy [FNAB], core needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy).RESULTSMultivariate analysis showed that the likelihood of an H&E‐positive SLN was significantly associated with lymphovascular invasion, tumor size, tumor type, and tumor location, but not with the method of biopsy. In contrast, the likelihood of finding an SLN positive only on IHC was unassociated with any of the four variables above, but was significantly associated with the method of biopsy. After no previous biopsy, FNAB, core needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy, IHC‐positive SLN were present in 1.2%, 3.0%, 3.8%, and 4.6% of patients, respectively (P = 0.002).CONCLUSIONSThese data suggest that the frequency of IHC‐positive SLN in patients with breast carcinoma 1) is unrelated to conventional predictors of lymph node positivity, 2) is increased after instrumentation of the tumor site, and 3) is increased approximately proportionate to the degree of manipulation. A proportion of IHC‐positive SLN were present before biopsy and therefore less likely to be artifactual. Cancer 2004;100:929–34. © 2004 American Cancer Society.