bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conduct problems, gender and adult psychiatric outcome of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Dalsgaard Søren , Mortensen Preben Bo , Frydenberg Morten , Thomsen Per Hove 
Published: October 2002

BackgroundAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood condition, and is more prevalent in boys. The adult outcome of girls with ADHD has never been studied.AimsTo identify predictors for adult psychiatric outcome of children with ADHD, including gender and comorbidity.MethodChildren aged 4–15 years, referred for hyperactivity/inattention and treated with stimulants were included (n=208). The Psychiatric Case Register provided follow-up data on psychiatric admissions in adulthood until a mean age of 31 years.ResultsA total of 47 cases (22.6%) had a psychiatric admission in adulthood. Conduct problems in childhood were predictive (hazard ratio HR=2.3; 95% CI 1.22–4.33). Girls had a higher risk compared with boys (HR=2.4; 95% CI 1.1–5.6).ConclusionsGirls with ADHD had a higher risk of adult psychiatric admission than boys. Conduct problems were also associated with a higher risk. Girls with ADHD with conduct problems had a very high risk of a psychiatric admission in adulthood.
Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys 23: movement disorders
Authors: Halliday Jennifer , Farrington Susan , Macdonald Shiona , MacEwan Tom , Sharkey Val , McCreadie Robin 
Published: October 2002

BackgroundIn the past 10 years the new atypical antipsychotic drugs have stimulated further interest in the pharmacological management of schizophrenia. The risk of movement disorders has been reported to be less with these new agents.AimsTo examine the current prevalence of movement disorders among all people with schizophrenia in a discrete geographical area, to compare the prevalence in patients receiving and not receiving atypical antipsychotic drugs; and to compare current prevalence with prevalence over the past 20 years.MethodIn Nithsdale, south-west Scotland, in 1999/2000, we replicated previous studies by using the Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale, Simpson-Angus scale and Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale to measure tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonism and akathisia, respectively. Mental state was assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.ResultsIn 136 patients the prevalence of probable tardive dyskinesia was 43%, of parkinsonism 35% and of akathisia 15%. Parkinsonism was present as often in those receiving atypicals as in those receiving standard oral antipsychotics. The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia has doubled over 20 years.ConclusionsMovement disorders remain significant problems for patients despite the introduction of atypical antipsychotic drugs.
Long-term outcome of long-stay psychiatric in-patients considered unsuitable to live in the community
Authors: Trieman Noam , Leff Julian 
Published: October 2002

BackgroundWhereas the majority of long-stay in-patients have been successfully resettled in the community there is a group of such patients who are too disturbed or disturbing to be managed in standard community homes.AimsTo study the long-term outcome of a group of 72 long-stay psychiatric inpatients, regarded as unsuitable for community placement.MethodA prospective cohort study with follow-ups at 1 year and 5 years.ResultsThe patients' mental state remained unchanged after 1 year and 5 years. The level of functioning and social behaviour showed minimal change after 1 year, but then improved over the next 4 years. The profile of problematic behaviours changed significantly over 5 years, with a reduction of 50% in their frequency Physical aggression practically disappeared. The improvements in behaviour enabled 29 patients (40% of the study group) finally to be resettled in various care homes, gaining better access to community amenities and living more independently.ConclusionsA high proportion of patients with severe disabilities, designated as difficult to place’ in the community, could benefit from slow-stream rehabilitation within specialised facilities, enabling them to move into ordinary community homes.
Comparison of costs and safety of a suture‐mediated closure device with conventional manual compression after coronary artery interventions
Authors: Rickli Hans , Unterweger Martin , Sütsch Gabor , Brunner‐La Rocca Hans Peter , Sagmeister Markus , Ammann Peter , Amann Franz W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess costs and safety of immediate femoral sheath removal and closure with a suture‐mediated closure device (Perclose, Menlo Park, CA) in patients undergoing elective (PCI). A total of 193 patients was prospectively randomized to immediate arterial sheath removal and access site closure with a suture‐mediated closure device (SMC; n = 96) or sheath removal 4 hr after PCI followed by manual compression (MC; n = 97). In the SMC group, patients were ambulated 4 hr after elective PCI if hemostasis was achieved. In the MC group, patients were ambulated the day after the procedure. In addition to safety, total direct costs including physician and nursing time, infrastructure, and the device were assessed in both groups. Total direct costs were significantly (all P < 0.001) lower in the SMC group. Successful hemostasis without major complication was achieved in all patients. The time to achieve hemostasis was significantly shorter in the SMC group (7.1 ± 3.4 vs. 22.9 ± 14.0 min; P < 0.01) and 85% of SMC patients were ambulated on the day of intervention. Suture‐mediated closure allows a reduction in hospitalization time, leading to significant cost savings due to decreased personnel and infrastructural demands. In addition, the use of SMC is safe and convenient to the patients. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:297–302. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined cutting balloon angioplasty and intracoronary beta radiation for treatment of in‐stent restenosis: Clinical outcomes and effect of pullback radiation for long lesions
Authors: Moustapha Ali , Salloum Joseph , Saikia Sangeeta , Awadallah Hany , Ghani Mohammed , Sdringola Stefano , Schroth Georges , Assali Abid , Smalling Richard W. , Anderson H.V. , Rosales Oscar 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIntracoronary beta (β) radiation decreases the incidence of target lesion revascularization after percutaneous intervention (PCI) for in‐stent restenosis (ISR). Cutting balloon (CB) angioplasty may also be superior to other percutaneous techniques for the treatment of ISR. We sought to study the outcomes of patients with ISR who underwent both CB angioplasty and intracoronay β radiation and compare them to patients with ISR who underwent other PCI techniques without concomitant radiation. We also sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of pullback intracoronary β radiation for the treatment of long ISR lesions. Between January 2001 and November 2001, 102 patients (mean age = 55 ± 13 years) with ISR underwent both CB angioplasty and intracoronay β radiation. β radiation was delivered using the Beta Cath (Novoste) 30 mm system, and pullback radiation was performed in 41 patients. A comparison group included a total of 393 patients with ISR who underwent other PCI techniques without concomitant intracoronary radiation therapy. Follow‐up was obtained in 99 patients (97%) in the CB angioplasty with intracoronary radiation group and 377 patients (96%) in the comparison group. At follow‐up, both target vessel revascularization (TVR) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) occurred significantly less in the CB angioplasty with intracoronary radiation group than in the comparison group (7% vs. 18% for TVR, and 14% vs. 24% for MACE; P < 0.05 for both). In the pullback radiation group, TVR was performed in five patients (12%), and MACE occurred in eight patients (20%). A combination of CB angioplasty and intracoronay β radiation for ISR seems to yield low rates of subsequent target vessel revascularization and adverse cardiac events. In addition, pullback β radiation using the Beta Cath (Novoste) 30 mm system is safe and can be used to treat long ISR lesions effectively. Further randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:325–329. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in situ (NPCIS)—pathologic and clinical perspectives
Authors: Pak Martin Wai , To Ka Fai , Lo Y. M. Dennis , Chan Lisa Y. S. , Tong J. H. M. , Lo Kwok Wai , van Hasselt Charles Andrew 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundDysplasia or carcinoma in situ lesions (NPCIS) of the nasopharynx have rarely been reported. The prevalence, biologic behavior, and the transformation period of the pure preinvasive lesions have not been fully explained.MethodsAll cases of NPCIS were retrospectively reviewed during the period between 1990 and 2000. The clinical features of all cases were studied. The biopsy samples were examined using light microscopy and in situ hybridization (ISH) for EBV‐encoded RNA (EBER). The sera taken before and after the transformation were analyzed for anti‐viral capsid antigen (VCA) EBV titers and circulating cell‐free EBV DNA concentration.ResultsThree cases of NPCIS were identified. Two of the three cases subsequently developed into invasive NPC after initial presentation. The interval of transformation varied from 40 to 48 months. In all three cases, the specimens showed abnormal findings on light microscopy and positive staining for EBER. Elevated anti‐VCA titers were present in two of the preinvasive lesions. No cell‐free EBV DNA was detected in the sera of these patients during the preinvasive phase of the disease.ConclusionsPreinvasive NPC is a rare but distinct entity. Its transformation period can be as long as 4 to 5 years. Elevated anti‐VCA titers, in the presence of abnormal cells on light microscopy, should alert the pathologist to perform ISH EBER studies to diagnose this rare condition. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of side chain specifically deuterated (−)‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinols
Authors: Nikas Spyros P. , Thakur Ganesh A. , Makriyannis Alexandros 
Published: October 2002

Abstract(−)‐Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinols specifically deuterated at the n‐pentyl side chain were prepared using the corresponding resorcinols as key intermediates. To obtain the deuterated resorcinols we developed conditions under which no deuterium scrambling or loss was observed. The methodology allows for the preparative scale synthesis of deuterated resorcinols and corresponding (−)‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinols. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ring‐opening copolymerization of racemic β‐butyrolactone with ϵ‐caprolactone and δ‐valerolactone by distannoxane derivative catalysts: study of the enzymatic degradation in aerobic media of obtained copolymers
Authors: Arcana M , Giani‐Beaune O , Schue R , Schue F , Amass W , Amass A 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this study, we have prepared predominantly syndiotactic poly([R,S]‐β‐hydroxybutyrate) using different distannoxane catalyst systems (1‐hydroxy‐3‐chlorotetrabutyldistannoxane, 1‐ethoxy‐3‐chlorotetrabutyldistannoxane, 1,3‐dichlorotetrabutyldistannoxane, and dibutyltin oxide). Copolymers poly([R,S]‐β‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐ϵ‐caprolactone), P(BL‐co‐CL), and poly([R,S]‐β‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐δ‐valerolactone), P(BL‐co‐VL), have also been synthetized from the ring‐opening copolymerization of (R,S)‐β‐BL with ϵ‐caprolactone (CL) and δ‐valerolactone (VL) using hydroxy‐ and ethoxydistannoxanes catalysts. The enzymatic degradability of these polymers was studied in aerobic medium. The objective of this work was to determine the influence of the tacticity and crystallinity of the corresponding polymers on their degree of aerobic biodegradation and on their initial degradation rate. It was shown that the degradation rate value measured for bacterial PHB 100% (R) was the highest and the degree of aerobic biodegradation reached around 94% after 36 days. A percentage of final biodegradation of about 35% was obtained for predominantly syndiotactic PHB. This result is agreement with the calculated result obtained from triads sequences. The influence of crystallinity on the initial degradation rate was observed for the copolymers P(BL‐co‐CL) and P(BL‐co‐VL) of various feed ratios. All these, copolymers, synthetized from distannoxane catalysts, exhibit a high degree of biodegradation of around 75–88%.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Study of sodium dodecyl sulfate/poly(propylene oxide) methacrylate mixed micelles for the synthesis of thermo‐associative polymers by micellar polymerization
Authors: Bastiat Guillaume , Grassl Bruno , François Jeanne 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWater soluble associative polymers based on polyacrylamide (PAM) grafted with short poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) chains as pendant groups were synthesized. Two different methods were used (1) homogeneous (water + acetonitrile) (2) micellar copolymerization, in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) to solubilize the hydrophobic comonomer, PPO methacrylate (PPOMA). As expected from the literature, random or blocky distribution of PPO along the PAM chain, respectively, is obtained by these two methods. This work focuses on the characterization of the micellar reactional medium in order to have a good estimate of the length of the PPO sequences along the main chain. An extensive study of the mixture SDS/PPOMA was performed, by using fluorimetry, light scattering and conductimetry, to characterize the initial mixed micelles (critical micellar concentration and aggregation number). It is shown that the total aggregation number of the micelles and that of SDS decrease when the concentration of PPOMA increases. In addition, preliminary turbidimetry and viscosimetry studies of the thermo‐associative properties of the two polymers are given.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Biosynthesis of biodegradable polyesters from renewable carbon sources by recombinant bacteria
Authors: Taguchi Seiichi , Matsusaki Hiromi , Matsumoto Ken'ichiro , Takase Kazuma , Taguchi Kazunori , Doi Yoshiharu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBased on the metabolic pathways for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis, we succeeded in establishing the recombinant Pseudomonas sp 61‐3 strains that synthesize random copolyesters consisting of (R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and (R)‐medium‐chain‐length 3‐hydroxyalkanoate (mcl‐3HA) units, P(3HB‐co‐3HA), with very high 3HB compositions (up to 94 mol%) from glucose. The mechanical properties of P(94% 3HB‐co‐3HA) copolyester were very similar to those of low‐density polyethylene. We carried out the molecular cloning and characterization of a PhaGPs encoding (R)‐3‐hydroxyacyl‐acyl carrier protein coenzyme A transferase of Pseudomonas sp 61‐3. It was concluded that the PhaGPs gene product is involved in providing mcl‐3HA‐CoA from glucose in the original strain. Heterologous expression of the PhaGPs gene with the PhaC1Ps gene encoding PHA synthase from Pseudomonas sp 61‐3 was performed in the PhbCRe negative mutant (PHB−4) of Ralstonia eutropha. The recombinant PHB−4 strain successfully produced PHA copolyesters consisting of 3HB and mcl‐3HA units of 6–12 carbon atoms from sugars. The 3HB fraction in copolyesters was very high (95–97 mol%). The PHA content in the recombinant strain could further be increased by the additional introduction of the PhbABRe genes from R eutropha encoding β‐ketothiolase and NADPH‐dependent acetoacetyl‐coenzyme A reductase. Moreover, we have established an in vivo assay system to analyze mutational effects of R eutropha synthase (PhbCRe) on the level of PHB accumulation in recombinant strains of Escherichia coli. The activity of the PhbCRe could be efficiently estimated using the in vivo system constructed here, and would be useful for in vitro evolution of PhbCRe.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of Silybin and its congeners on human liver microsomal cytochrome P450 activities
Authors: Zuber Roman , Modrianský Martin , Dvořák Zdeněk , Rohovský Petr , Ulrichová Jitka , Šimánek Vilím , Anzenbacher Pavel 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSilybin and related flavonolignans form a major part of the Silybum marianum extract, silymarin, which has been used to treat liver diseases for hundreds of years. Although regarded as safe, many of the extract constituents remain thus far untested for their possible effects on liver biotransformation enzymes. Cytochromes P450 (CYP) are very important in this regard. We tested the effect of four flavonolignans: silybin, its hemisynthetic derivative dehydrosilybin, silydianin, and silycristin on three specific CYP activities: bufuralol 1′‐hydroxylation (CYP2D6), p‐nitrophenol hydroxylation (CYP2E1), and nifedipine oxidation (CYP3A4). All flavonolignans displayed dose‐dependent inhibition of these activities with IC50 values in the micromolar range. The inhibition was competitive or mixed as revealed by double reciprocal plots of kinetic experiments. However, the inhibition is not considered to be relevant for therapy because physiological concentrations of the individual flavonolignans do not exceed 0.5 μM. The data support the use of the extract as a dietary supplement. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A method for the repair of vesicovaginal fistulas
Authors: Miličić D , Šprem M , Bagović D 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjective: To determine the efficacy of the sliding layers method for repairing vesicovaginal fistulas caused by surgical trauma. Method: Twenty one women suffering from vesicovaginal fistulas after surgical trauma, operated on between 1990 and 1995 using the sliding layers method, were included in an uncontrolled prospective study and followed 24 months after the procedure. Patient outcome was assessed according to subjective estimation, gynecological examination and objectively by instillation of diluted methylene blue to the urinary bladder. Results: Sixteen out of 21 patients suffered vesicovaginal fistulas after being subjected to abdominal hysterectomy and five patients after vaginal surgery. Fourteen fistulas were located 5 to 10 mm over the interureteric edge, five fistulas were in the trigone and two fistulas were in the bladder neck region. Fistula size ranged from 5 to 35 mm in diameter but 72.1% of patient fistulas were less than 10 mm in diameter. Only one patient had a large bladder defect of 35 mm in diameter. According to subjective estimation and objective assessment the overall success rate of the procedure after 2 years was 95.2%. Only one patient had to be subjected to a second successful attempt for fistula closure. Conclusion: The sliding layers method is a safe and reliable vaginal surgical approach for the repair of vesicovaginal fistulas after surgical trauma.
An international survey of practice variation in the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in cesarean section
Authors: Huskins W.C. , Ba‐Thike K. , Festin M.R. , Limpongsanurak S. , Lumbiganon P. , Peedicayil A. , Purwar M. , Shenoy S. , Goldmann D.A. , Tolosa J.E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjective: To examine the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in cesarean section in different countries and in relation to a reference regimen. Method: Fifty consecutive cesarean sections performed in eight centers in five countries were surveyed. Data from each center were compared to a regimen recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration (one dose of ampicillin or cefazolin administered to all women shortly before the procedure or immediately after cord clamping) using logistic regression with adjustment for procedure type. Result: Prophylaxis was used widely, but only four centers administered prophylaxis to all women. Ampicillin and cefazolin were the principal antibiotics used, but broad‐spectrum agents and multidrug regimens were also used commonly. Only two centers reliably administered the antibiotic at the appropriate time. The majority of women received only one dose of antibiotic in only three centers. Conclusion: The use of antibiotic prophylaxis in cesarean section was variable and often at odds with published recommendations.
Evaluation of peppermint oil and ascorbyl palmitate as inhibitors of cytochrome P4503A4 activity in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Dresser George K. , Wacher Vincent , Wong Susan , Wong Harrison T. , Bailey David G. 
Published: October 2002

ObjectivesOur study was designed to determine the effect of peppermint oil and ascorbyl palmitate on cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4) activity in vitro and oral bioavailability of felodipine in humans.MethodsReversible and mechanism‐based inhibitions of nifedipine oxidation were studied in human liver microsomes. The oral pharmacokinetics of felodipine and its dehydrofelodipine metabolite were determined in 12 healthy volunteers after administration of felodipine, 10‐mg extended‐release tablet, with grapefruit juice (300 mL), peppermint oil (600 mg), ascorbyl palmitate (500 mg), or water in a randomized 4‐way crossover study.ResultsPeppermint oil (inhibition constant [Ki] = 35.9 ± 3.3 μg/mL, mean ± SEM) and 2 constituents, menthol (Ki = 87.0 ± 7.0 μmol/L), and menthyl acetate (Ki = 124.0 ± 7.0 μmol/L), produced reversible inhibition of nifedipine oxidation. Ascorbyl palmitate was more potent (Ki = 12.3 ± 0.5 μmol/L). None of these substances were mechanism‐based inhibitors. Grapefruit juice and peppermint oil increased the area under the curve (AUC) values of felodipine to 173% (range, 94%‐280%; P < .01) and 140% (range, 77%‐262%; P < .05), respectively, of those with water. They augmented the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of felodipine and the AUC and Cmax of dehydrofelodipine but did not alter the half‐life (t½) of either substance. Grapefruit juice decreased the dehydrofelodipine/felodipine AUC ratio, but peppermint oil did not. Ascorbyl palmitate did not change the pharmacokinetics of felodipine or dehydrofelodipine compared with water.ConclusionsPeppermint oil, menthol, menthyl acetate, and ascorbyl palmitate were moderately potent reversible inhibitors of in vitro CYP3A4 activity. Grapefruit juice increased the oral bioavailability of felodipine by inhibition of CYP3A4‐mediated presystemic drug metabolism. Peppermint oil may also have acted by this mechanism. However, this requires further investigation. Ascorbyl palmitate did not inhibit CYP3A4 activity in vivo.Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2002) 72, 247–255; doi: 10.1067/mcp.2002.126409