bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DARK BROWN AMNIOTIC FLUID—IDENTIFICATION OF CONTRIBUTING PIGMENTS
Authors: Legge M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA total of 208 second trimester amniotic fluid samples were examined visually and spectrophotometrically for pigmentation. Of these, 15 samples had dark brown colouration. Fourteen of the 15 samples had chemically detectable haemoglobin derived pigments and one had meconium only. All 15 of the pigmented amniotic fluid samples had haemoglobin A and eight also had haemoglobin F. None of the remaining 193 amniotic fluid samples contained abnormal pigmentation. Four of the pregnancies from which the dark brown amniotic fluid was obtained failed to continue to term; in three of these myoglobin was detected.
VERY LOW MATERNAL PLASMA ALPHA‐FETOPROTEIN CONCENTRATION AN INDICATION FOR FOLLOW‐UP
Authors: Stein Shirley M. , Watt Muriel S. , Scrimgeour John B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn the course of a screening programme for the detection of fetal neural tube abnormalities by measurement of maternal plasma alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), 57 patients were identified who had plasma AFP levels of less than 7 units/ml at 15–20 weeks gestation. Follow‐up at the time of screening included requests to confirm that the patient was pregnant and also to repeat the AFP test. Two patients were lost to follow‐up and of the remaining 55, 17 patients (31 per cent) were subsequently shown not to have a live fetus and 31 patients (56 per cent) had in‐correct estimates of gestation. No particular reason for the very low plasma AFP could be identified in the other seven patients.
A DOUBLE BLIND TRIAL OF EXTRA‐AMNIOTIC OESTRIOL AND PROSTAGLANDIN F2α GELS IN CERVICAL RIPENING
Authors: Quinn M. A. , Jmurphy A. , Kuhn R. J. P. , Robinson H. P. , Brown J. B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryForty nulliparous patients with a Bishop score of 3 or less were given 15 mg oestriol gel, 10 mg PGF2α gel or gel alone via the extra‐amniotic route. Both the oestriol and prostaglandin treated patients had a significant increase in Bishop score and a significant reduction in induction‐delivery interval compared to con‐trols. Oestriol gel had significantly less stimulatory effect on uterine activity than prostaglandin gel, indicating a possible local action.
FETAL HEART MONITORING DURING OPEN HEART SURGERY TWO CASE REPORTS
Authors: Lamb M. P. , Ross Keith , Johnstone A. M. , Manners J. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwo patients with critical mitral stenosis underwent open mitral valvotomy during the third trimester of pregnancy. Fetal monitoring throughout heart‐lung bypass produced evidence of acute fetal hypoxia. Healthy live full‐term infants were subsequently delivered.
MANAGEMENT OF TERM BREECH PRESENTATION IN PRIMIGRAVIDAE
Authors: Jaffa A. J. , Peyser M. R. , Ballas S. , Toaff R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn a prospective study of 321 breech presentations in primigravidae at term, 260 (81 per cent) were delivered vaginally with no perinatal mortality. A single case of fetal injury (Erb's palsy) was recorded and only one infant had an Apgar score of under 7 at 5 minutes. In 17 patients selected for vaginal delivery, caesarean section was necessary for abnormal uterine activity, prolapse of the umbilical cord of fetal distress. Elective caesarean section was performed if routine x‐ray pelvimetry showed values below defined limits at the brim, midcavity, or outlet or if the fetal head was extended.
THE REPRODUCIBILITY OF FETAL CROWN RUMP LENGTH MEASUREMENTS OBTAINED WITH REAL TIME ULTRASOUND SYSTEMS COMPARED WITH THOSE OF A CONVENTIONAL B‐SCANNER
Authors: Parker A. J. , Docker M. F. , Davies P. , Newton J. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryComparison of the reproducibility of fetal crown rump length measurements (CRL) obtained in a resting state by sonar with a phase focused linear array real time scanner, a real time mechanical sector Scanner, and a static B‐scanner did not show any significant differences between machines. Maternal movement was found to produce a change in fetal intrauterine position and to induce fetal movement. Examination following maternal movement was feit to be more representative of clinical conditions and produced greater variability of CRL measurement, shown by all machines to a differing extent, although the differences between machines were not substantial. There is some evidence that the discernment of fetal movement and the quality of fetal echoes obtained with different machines affects the reproducibility of CRL measurement. Thus variability of CRL measurement with every machine is small in terms of gestational age and justifies the use of real time machines to establish gestational age.
THE EFFECT OF GENITAL MYCOPLASMAS ON HUMAN FETAL GROWTH
Authors: Ross Jean M. , Furr Patricia M. , Taylor‐Robinson D. , Altman D. G. , Coid C. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe relation between maternal genital colonization by mycoplasmas and fetal growth was examined in a study of 195 women. Swabs were taken from the endo‐cervix on three occasions during pregnancy and once post partum. Ureaplasma urealyticum organisms (ureaplasmas) were recovered from 42·7 per cent of Caucasian women and from 34·6 per cent of Asian women at their first antenatal visit. These Isolation rates remained similar throughout pregnancy, although there was a decrease in isolation after delivery. Mycoplasma hominis was recovered from 6·5 per cent of Caucasians and from 11·5 per cent of Asians at their first antenatal visit and these rates remained fairly constant during pregnancy and after delivery. Caucasian women colonized by ureaplasmas had a longer mean length of gestation (p < 0·025) than non‐colonized women. Furthermore, the colonized women gave birth to infants who had a statistically significant greater mean birth weight and a greater mean birth weight‐for‐dates than those of the non‐colonized Caucasians. There was no correlation between gestational length, birth weight, or birth weight‐for‐dates and genital colonization of Asian mothers by ureaplasmas or M. hominis. It is clear that ureaplasmas are not associated with low birth weight in our popu‐lation.
TECHNIQUE FOR COLLECTING MATURE HUMAN OOCYTES FOR IN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Authors: Wood C. , Leeton J. , Talbot J. Mc. , Trounson A. O. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMature oocytes may be obtained from 85 per cent of preovulatory follicles at laparoscopy. The technique of oocyte collection is described. The most important factors contributing to the success rate are surgical expertise and a satisfactory aspiration System.
TUBAL PATENCY TESTING IN A PROGRAMME OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION WITH DONOR SEMEN
Authors: Edmonds D. K. , Matthews C. D. , Cox L. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe value of investigating tubal patency by hysterosalpingography, before artificial insemination with donor semen (AID), was studied retrospectively in 167 patients. The results suggest that unless there is a history of pelvic inflammatory disease preliminary hysterosalpinography is unnecessary. Conception rates were similar in women who had a normal hysterosalpingogram (44%), in those who had an abnormal hysterosalpingogram (46 %), and in those who had no preliminary tubal investigation (39 %) before AID. Life table analysis of expectancy of conception suggests that tubal patency testing should be delayed until after AID has been unsuccessful for four cycles. Laparoscopy is then the most worthwhile investigation.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NORMAL HUMAN ANTENATAL FETAL HEART RATE
Authors: Visser G. H. A. , Dawes G. S. , Redman C. W. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA numerical method for separation of the frequency components of the fetal heart rate, and for identifying episodes of high or low variation, was applied to 196 64‐minute ultrasound records in normal pregnancies during the last half of gestation. Most variables of heart period variation increased with gestation, as did the incidence of accelerations. Before 35 weeks, accelerations of ≥14 beats/minute did not occur in all records. Cyclic episodes of low and high variation (‘unreactive’ and‘reactive’ episodes), associated with rest‐activity cycles, could be identified from 27 weeks onwards. After 36 weeks gestation the length of low variation episodes increased and the variation during these episodes fell. Near term, low variation episodes lasted up to 40 minutes. It is concluded that on scrutiny of fetal heart rate records for evidence of normality, or otherwise, due account should be taken of gestational age.
MEASUREMENT OF THE LECITHIN/SPHINGOMYELIN RATIO AND PHOSPHATIDYLGLYCEROL IN AMNIOTIC FLUID: AN ACCURATE METHOD FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF FETAL LUNG MATURITY
Authors: Hallman Mikko , Teramo Kari 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA total of 506 amniotic fluid samples from 337 pregnancies was analysed for lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio and phosphatidylglycerol. Two‐dimensional chromatography on either laboratory‐made or commercial thin‐layer silica gel plates was required for proper resolution of the phospholipids. The predictive accuracy of the L/S ratio and the phosphatidylglycerol analysis was assessed in 225 patients, 187 of whom had an L/S ratio of 2 or more. In addition to predicting respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn, the phospholipid results predicted the risk of transient tachypnoea, symptomatic pneumothorax and the persistence of fetal circulation. The phosphatidylglycerol results improved the predictive value of both the mature L/S ratio (2 or more) and the non‐mature L/S ratio (below 2).
AN ANALYSIS OF PRETERM SINGLETON DELIVERIES AND ASSOCIATED PERINATAL DEATHS IN A TOTAL POPULATION
Authors: Chng P. K. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPreterm singleton perinatal deaths were due mainly to antepartum intrauterine deaths or severe obstetric complications resulting in elective deliveries, and asphyxiating conditions complicating very preterm fetuses in spontaneous labour. None of these deaths was salvagable by delaying delivery or suppressing labour. In uncomplicated preterm labour, there were no perinatal deaths.
HAEMOSTASIS IN MENSTRUAL ENDOMETRIUM IN THE PRESENCE OF AN INTRAUTERINE DEVICE
Authors: Christiaens G. C. M. L. , Sixma J. J. , Haspels A. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe histology and ultrastructure of the haemostatic response in the endometrium have been studied in 12 uteri containing an inert or copper wound intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD). The uteri were removed during the premenstrual phase or during the first 96 hours of menstruation. The results have been compared to earlier observations in non‐IUCD influenced endometrium. In all uteri the tissue shedding proceeded more slowly in the presence of an IUCD and considerably fewer haemostatic plugs were found. The platelets in these plugs were more loosely packed and less degranulated, and the plugs contained less fibrin than in the absence of an IUCD. Haemostatic plugs were still observed at times when no such plugs were seen in uteri without an IUCD. Unoccluded vessel lesions were regularly seen and vessels open to the shedding surface were occasionally encountered. These observations suggest that IUCD‐induced menorrhagia is caused by the combination of delayed shedding and a decreased haemostatic reaction in the endometrium.
ORAL CONTRACEPTION AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION REVISITED: THE EFFECTS OF NEW PREPARATIONS AND PRESCRIBING PATTERNS
Authors: Adam S. A. , Thorogood M. , Mann J. I. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAll deaths from myocardial infarction occurring during 1978 in women aged 15–44 years in England and Wales have been investigated. Using a case‐control approach, oral contraceptives were found to be associated with an approximately two‐fold increase in risk of this condition, but the effect was apparent only in women with no known risk factors for ischaemic heart disease. Preparations containing 30 μg or less oestrogen were associated with the same risk as those containing 50 μg oestrogen, but this could be due to the fact that preparations containing less oestrogen tend to contain higher doses of progestogens. Oral contraceptives appear no longer to be prescribed for women with recognised coronary risk factors and this improved prescribing practice has probably resulted in a substantial decrease in mortality attributable to oral contraceptive use.
THE EFFECT OF MENOPAUSAL STATUS AND SEQUENTIAL MESTRANOL AND NORETHISTERONE ON SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PROFILES
Authors: Moore B. , Paterson M. E. L. , Sturdee D. W. , Whitehead T. P. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerum biochemical profiles were compared in matched groups of premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Significantly higher concentrations of sodium, urea, calcium, albumin and alkaline phosphatase were found in the postmenopausal group. In the postmenopausal group, following treatment with sequential mestranol and norethisterone, significant reductions were recorded in the concentrations of sodium, urea, calcium, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and glucose and significant increases were recorded in the concentration of globulin and in body weight. The findings suggest that haemoconcentration may take place after the menopause and that this effect may be modified by hormone treatment. No adverse effect on liver function was noted following the hormone treatment.
MATERNAL PLASMA PROSTACYCLIN CONCENTRATION IN PRE‐ECLAMPSIA AND OTHER PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS
Authors: Ylikorkala O. , Kirkinen P. , Viinikka L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTo study the involvement of antiaggregatory and vasodilatory prostacyclin (PGI2) in various pregnancy complications, we measured the concentrations of 6‐keto‐prostaglandin F1α, a stable hydration product of PGI2, using a specific radio‐immunoassay, in plasma samples from 123 women between 22 and 41 weeks of complicated or normal pregnancy. The levels of 6‐keto‐PGF1α (mean±SE) in pre‐eclampsia (267.0 ± 26.6 pg/ml, n = 22), diabetic pregnancy (266.6 ± 19.2 pg/ml, n = 21), twin pregnancy (310.7 ± 28.2 pg/ml, n = 10), threatened premature labour (285.9 ± 23.2 pg/ml, n = 26), placenta praevia or placental abruption (248.9 ± 24.5 pg/ml, n = 6), hepatosis gravidarum (249.3±15.0 pg/ml, n = 3) or in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine fetal growth retardation (296.9 ± 34.2 pg/ml, n = 14) or fetal death (267.5±20.9 pg/ml, n = 6) did not differ from each other or from the 6‐keto‐PGF1α levels in normal pregnancy (266.4 ±15.0 pg/ml, n =22). Furthermore, the 6‐keto‐PGF1α levels bore no relation to the gestational age, maternal drug use (insulin, glucocorticoids, antihypertensive drugs) or to the sex, birth weight or condition of the newborn infant, or to the placental weight.
PREGNANCY‐ASSOCIATED PLASMA PROTEIN‐A (PAPP‐A) AND hCG IN EARLY PREGNANCY
Authors: Bischof P. , DuBerg S. , Herrmann W. , Sizonenko P. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) is a recently described glycoprotein of unknown biological function. The development of a radioimmunoassay enabled us to measure plasma levels of PAPP‐A and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in 12 non‐pregnant volunteers and in 159 women in early pregnancy attending the outpatient clinic for legal abortion. PAPP‐A but not hCG was measurable in all non‐pregnant women. In pregnant patients (with 36 to 86 days of amenorrhea) hCG reached a peak value (163.1–197.6 ng/ml) between the 9th and the 13th week whereas PAPP‐A steadily increased throughout this period of pregnancy. Between the 6th and the 13th week after the last menstrual period, levels of PAPP‐A increased proportionally more than hCG. This work provides the first evidence of a PAPP‐A production in non‐pregnant subjects and the very early marked increase of PAPP‐A secretion during pregnancy.
FETAL ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY USING A NEW, FLEXIBLE ELECTRODE
Authors: Weller C. , Dyson R. J. , McFadyen I. R. , Green H. L. , Arias E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA single flexible active electrode for monitoring the fetal electroencephalogram (FEEG), has been designed specifically for use in routine obstetrics. It does not require penetration of or adherence to the fetal scalp, and it is reusable. The equipment's performance has been tested in 20 normal labours. The recordings obtained were not contaminated by the fetal electrocardiogram and were relatively free from artefact so that minimal filtering of the signal was required. No FEEG signal was obtained if the electrode was applied to breech presentations. The trace obtained from a healthy fetus was comparable with that recorded after delivery.
VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTS ENHANCE WEIGHT GAIN AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN PREGNANT ASIANS
Authors: Maxwell J. D. , Ang Liza , Brooke O. G. , Brown I. R. F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn a double blind trial of supplementary vitamin D (1000 iu daily) administered in the last trimester of pregnancy to Asian women living in London, supplemented mothers gained weight faster (63.3 g/day) than those in the control group (46.4 g/day), and at term had significantly higher plasma levels of retinol binding protein and thyroid binding prealbumin indicating better protein‐calorie nutrition. Maternal weight gain correlated with postpartum levels of both retinol binding protein and thyroid binding prealbumin. Almost twice as many infants in the unsupplemented group weighed under 2500 g at birth, and had significantly lower retinol binding protein levels than infants of supplemented mothers. The nutritional benefits of supplementation provide further support for the routine administration of vitamin D to all British Asians during pregnancy.
THE ROLE OF SALIVARY PROGESTERONE IN STUDIES OF INFERTILE WOMEN
Authors: Walker S. , Mustafa A. , Walker R. F. , Riad‐Fahmy D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFifteen women with normal menstrual cycles, dated by accepted criteria, had salivary progesterone concentrations during' the luteal phase of the cycle which were significantly higher than those in the follicular phase. Progesterone concentrations in matched samples of plasma and saliva showed excellent correlation in both normal and infertile women. Salivary progesterone profiles derived from daily sampling of 20 infertile patients not only allowed accurate assessment of ovarian dysfunction but also indicated more effectively than conventional techniques the change in hormonal status following ovulation induction therapy with clomi‐phene citrate or bromocriptine.
CHOICE OF ECBOLIC AND THE MORBIDITY OF DAY‐CASE TERMINATIONS OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Garrioch David B. , Gilbert Josephine R. , Plantevin Odille M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn 103 women admitted for out‐patient vaginal terminations of pregnancy, the relation was investigated between the use of ecbolics and blood loss, vomiting and other side effects. Patient self‐rating was incorporated in the study for comparative purposes. Use of a combined preparation of oxytocin and ergometrine resulted in the lowest blood losses. Ergometrine administered alone was associated with immediate nausea and vomiting but no delayed effects. Seven days after abortion, 35% of the women were still complaining of vaginal bleeding, although in most the volume was low.
PROSTAGLANDIN E2 PESSARIES TO FACILITATE FIRST TRIMESTER ASPIRATION TERMINATION
Authors: MacKenzie I. Z. , Fry Anna 
Published: August 2005

SummaryUsing a double blind administration protocol, the effect on the cervix of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) vaginal pessaries inserted one to six hours before aspiration termination of pregnancy has been assessed. Pessaries containing 10 mg of PGE2 produced significant cervical softening and dilatation compared with those containing only 5 mg of PGE2 or placebo, the effect was almost as good as 15 mg of PGE2 but the lower dose caused fewer gastro‐intestinal side‐effects and uterine cramps. Blood loss at abortion and in the early post‐abortal recovery period was significantly reduced following PGE2 treatment compared with placebo. The method described is simple and effective in reducing difficult cervical dilatation and is appropriate for day‐care abortion management.
LONG‐TERM SYMPTOMATIC AND CYSTOMETRIC CURE OF THE URGE INCONTINENCE SYNDROME USING A TECHNIQUE OF BLADDER RE‐EDUCATION
Authors: Mahady Ian W. , Begg Barbara M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn a group of 48 patients with the urge incontinence syndrome, 43 were cured of symptoms using a technique of bladder re‐education. This consisted of supportive psychotherapy, initial drug therapy and bladder re‐training. Thirty‐seven of these patients also showed cystometric evidence of improvement in detrusor control.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF INTERCELLULAR CANALICULAR SYSTEMS IN THE PARIETAL FETAL MEMBRANES
Authors: Minh Hoang‐Ngoc , Smadja A. , de St Maur P. P. , Orcel L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn electron microscopic study of the amnion and the chorionic cytotrophoblast has demonstrated the existence of intercellular channels running between the lateral sides of the cells with typical junctional complexes sealing their proximal ends. In the amnion these channels open through the basal lamina into the connective tissue, and in the chorionic cytotrophoblast they open in the direction of the decidua. This situation seems to indicate that fluid emerges from the open mouth of the amniotic intercellular channels and then continues to flow into the channels of the cytotrophoblast, across its podocytic processes, to be discharged into the decidua, and finally drained by maternal decidual vessels. This morphological study suggests that parietal fetal membranes might be an important route for transport of solute and fluid from the amniotic fluid to the maternal circulation.
TREATMENT OF PREINVASIVE DISEASE OF THE CERVIX BY CONE BIOPSY
Authors: Bevan J. R. , Attwood M. E. , Jordan J. A. , Lucas A. , Newton J. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryDuring the years 1952–1977, 646 patients with abnormal cervical cytology underwent cone biopsy (595) or ring biopsy of the cervix. The histological diagnoses were invasive carcinoma 20 (3%) microinvasive carcinoma 16 (2%), carcinoma in situ and severe dysplasia 418 (65 %), other dysplasias 149 (23 %). The remainder, 43 (7%) had no demonstrable abnormality. Following biopsy 41 (7%) patients with non‐invasive disease had abnormal cytology within a year of biopsy. A further 12 (2%) developed abnormal cytology after one year. These recurrences occurred up to 12 years after the initial treatment, and in one patient invasive squamous carcinoma has developed.
CARCINOFIBROMA—A VARIANT OF THE MIXED MULLERIAN TUMOUR
Authors: Thompson Mary , Husemeyer R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn endometrial neoplasm composed of both stromal and epithelial elements, in which only the epithelial element appeared malignant, is reported. Only two similar cases have previously been described. In view of the rarity of these neoplasms, little is known about their behaviour and this presents problems of management particularly in a young patient.
ULTRASONIC ASSESSMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR GEOMETRY AND FUNCTION IN THE HUMAN FETUS
Authors: Wadimiroff J. W. , McGnie J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA new technique of studying fetal cardiac geometry and function from two‐dimensional real‐time images is presented. A significant increase in left ventricular size with advancing gestational age was observed. Left ventricular cardiac output (LVCO) was 210±48 ml/min (Mean±1 SD) between 27 and 33 weeks and 336±35 ml/min between 34 and 41 weeks gestation. Blood flow (mean flow) in the descending aorta during these two periods was 365±80 and 490±65 ml/min. In four fetuses, the LVCO per kg birth weight ranged between 114 and 123 ml/kg/min and the blood flow in the descending aorta between 168 and 179 ml/kg/min. If total cardiac output is considered to be twice the LVCO, the proportion of total cardiac output being distributed through the descending aorta and placenta is about 75% and 45% respectively.