bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La inserción laboral de obreras y catedráticas mexicanas y el impacto en su realización personal y la dinámica familiar
Authors: Álvarez Javier , Castilla Argelia , Landero René 
Published: November 2002

A través de un estudio correlacional comparativo con una muestra de 150 obreras industriales y 119 catedráticas universitarias, se investigó la percepción de las mismas respecto al impacto de su inserción laboral sobre la dinámica familiar y su realización personal. Los resultados muestran una percepción grupal diferente acerca de las causas de búsqueda de trabajo y del impacto de su inserción laboral sobre la dinámica familiar y la realización personal entre ambos grupos. Se encontró que la necesidad económica ha sido el principal factor de búsqueda de trabajo en ambos grupos, con la diferencia que en las obreras también se asocia con el apoyo a la pareja en el sustento de la familia, mientras que en las catedráticas, se asocia a la superación personal y porque lo consideran importante. En cuanto a la percepción de beneficios percibidos debido a su trabajo hay una diferencia entre las obreras que ven el aspecto económico como el principal beneficio, a diferencia de las catedráticas que ven como principal beneficio la realización personal. En las dificultades percibidas derivadas de su trabajo, las obreras señalan los bajos salarios, mientras que para las profesionales es encontrar una pareja. Con respecto a si se ha modificado la dinámica familiar, las obreras más que las catedráticas señalan que se han repartido las tareas del hogar.
Estructura conductual en deportes sociomotores: fútbol
Authors: Mendo Antonio Hernández , Anguera M. Teresa 
Published: November 2002

Este estudio presenta un modelo probabilístico para el fútbol construido a partir de la observación de diversos partidos de fútbol de primera división de la liga española. Este modelo aporta más información que los tradicionales análisis que consideran únicamente cómo se ganaron partidos o se perdieron. La capacidad de predicción del modelo, a pesar del restringido número de conductas observadas (tiros, pérdidas, recuperaciones y posicionamientos defensivos) y los resultados asociados (a las zonas y a los errores) es variable. Un jugador no produce siempre la misma conducta consistente ante la misma situación cuando compite contra equipos diferentes, no obstante se asume que existe un grado de incertidumbre en cuanto a saber si los resultados son una función particular del análisis empleado. No cabe duda que la predicción de la conducta deportiva es una manera de buscar datos críticos acerca de la ejecución deportiva. Para llevar a cabo este trabajo se ha construido un sistema de categorías para observar la acción de juego en el fútbol. La codificación del flujo de conducta obtenido con la utilización de este sistema de categorías es sometido a un análisis secuencial utilizando la técnica de retardos. Los patrones de conducta estimados son cotejados con los resultados obtenidos de someter estos mismos datos a un análisis de Permutaciones Exactas. Finalmente se describen los principales patrones de conducta y sus correspondientes implicaciones psicosociales. La característica más destacada del trabajo, además de la utilización de software específico tanto en la codificación como en el análisis de los registros observacionales, es la propuesta de un modelo predictivo.
If my group stereotypes others, others stereotype my group…and we know. Concept, research lines and future perspectives of meta-stereotypes
Authors: Gómez Ángel 
Published: November 2002

This paper presents a review of sociopsychological literature on the recent topic of meta-stereotypes, i. e., beliefs that group members typically have about how others see them. The impact of meta-stereotypes on intergroup relations and their connection with stereotyping processes are analyzed. Antecedents, concept and traits of meta-stereotypes are described in an attempt to show that meta-stereotypes fit into the general category of processes derived from group members' awareness that outgroup members stereotype their group. In order to arrive at a proper definition of meta-stereotypes, its differences with related concepts are underlined in the second section of the paper. A review of research published or in progress on meta-stereotypes follows, trying to show how they have contributed to the study of this process and to open new lines of research. Finally, three recent theoretical developments in social psychology, i.e., social stigma, stereotype threat, and empathy are analyzed and their connection with meta-stereotypes is emphasized.
Orientación política y racismo sutil y manifiesto: relaciones con la discriminación
Authors: Gómez Ángel , Huici Carmen 
Published: November 2002

Se lleva a cabo una revisión de los trabajos recientes en la psicología social del racismo relativos a la existencia de nuevas formas de racismo que, frente a las formas de intolerancia manifiesta, se centran en resaltar las diferencias culturales con las minorías y en que éstas violan ciertos valores o van demasiado lejos en sus reivindicaciones. El presente estudio trata de ver la aplicabilidadde esta nueva conceptualización del racismo al contexto español. Se aplicó una adaptación de las escalas de prejuicio sutil y manifiesto de Pettigrew y Meertens (1995) realizadapor Rueda y Navas (1996) a una muestra de estudiantes madrileños de bachillerato. Además del prejuicio sutil y manifiesto y los sentimientos que suscitan los miembros de las minorías (Gitanos, e inmigrantes del Magreb y del resto de Africa), se tuvo en cuenta la orientación política, así como la valoración de ciertas medidas a adoptar respecto a las minorías. Los resultados indican que en esta muestra se da un nivel más alto de prejuicio sutil que manifiesto, aunque en ninguno de los dos casos sea alto, en términos absolutos; que ambos tipos de prejuicio se manifiestan más claramente respecto a la minoría gitana que respecto a otros grupos (inmigrantes magrebíes y africanos); que existe una cierta relación entre los dos tipos de prejuicio y la orientación política, aunque dicha relación no es elevada. Por otra parte, la orientación política no sirve para predecir ni los sentimientos que producen las minorías étnicas, ni la actitud hacia medidas respecto a las minorías. Sin embargo los niveles combinados de prejuicio sutil y manifiesto sí se relacionan con ambos.
Características y explicaciones de los hábitos de salud de los jóvenes
Authors: Álvarez Javier , López Miguel 
Published: November 2002

Se realizó un estudio correlacional sobre los hábitos de salud (HS) con 721 estudiantes de preparatoria. De entre los resultados obtenidos sobresalen la contradicción entre las actitudes, las intenciones y las conductas reales, tanto en lo referente al ejercicio como a la dieta en ambos sexos. Asimismo se encontró que existen practicas de ejercicio y alimentación claramente diferenciadas entre los géneros, los hombres tienden a hacer ejercicio y las mujeres prefieren cuidar su alimentación. También sobresale el índice de adolescentes que ingieren alcohol y tabaco. Para indagar acerca de las representaciones de los hábitos de salud de los jóvenes, se llevo a cabo un segundo estudio (N= 336) en el que se les preguntó como explicaban ellos estos hábitos. Se encontraron dos representaciones claramente diferenciadas respecto al porque los hombres tienden a hacer ejercicio y porque las mujeres tienden al cuidado alimenticio. El objetivo final de este trabajo es proponer algunas ideas, basadas en estos resultados, para desarrollar programas educativos de fomento de actitudes y conductas positivas hacia la salud en los jóvenes.
Soledad y apoyo social
Authors: Expósito Francisca , Moya Miguel 
Published: November 2002

El objetivo fundamental de esta investigación ha sido tratar de delimitar el constructo soledad. Si bien tradicionalmente en la literatura sobre el tema se ha establecido un paralelismo entre soledad y apoyo social, en tanto que ambos conceptos hacen referencia a las relaciones sociales que mantienen las personas, nuestro principal interés ha sido tratar de poner de manifiesto que la soledad, a pesar de estar relacionada con determinados aspectos del apoyo social, es un fenómeno diferente que hace referencia a aspectos más subjetivos, emocionales, profundos y globales, y que por tanto, tendrá efectos más devastadores sobre la vida de las personas que la falta de apoyo social. En esta investigación se presentan datos de 786 personas de ambos sexos y diferente edad, nivel educativo, estado civil, etc., que contestaron un cuestionario que incluía la 3a versión de la UCLA Loneliness Scale, la medida de Apoyo Social de Dunkel-Schettery cols. (1986), así como medidas de autoestima y calidad de vida. Los resultados obtenidos apoyaron nuestras predicciones acerca de la especificidad de la experiencia de soledad.
Identidad etnolingüística y vitalidad etnolingüística en las Comunidades Autónomas Bilingües (CAB) de Españ
Authors: Romay José , García-Mira Ricardo , Azurmendi María-José 
Published: November 2002

En este artículo se muestran los resultados relativos a la identidad etnolingüística (lingüística y cultural) y a la vitalidad etnolingüística subjetiva (creencias exocéntricas y egocéntricas) de las Comunidades Autónomas Bilingües (CAB) de España. Constituyen éstas dos perspectivas teóricas estudiadas interdependientementey que gozan de amplia tradición en la literatura psicosociolingüística de las relaciones intergrupalesen situación de contacto de lenguas. En primer lugar, se presenta una tipología de identidad etnolingüística formada principalmentepor seis tipos de identidad. A continuación, se muestra la distribución de los diferentes tipos de identidad etnolingüística en relación tanto con las creencias exocéntricas y egocéntricas, como respecto de la muestra total y de las submuestras de cada CAB. Mediante el procedimiento Indscal (Carroll y Chang, 1970) se analizan los datos, con el fin de obtener las dimensiones que caracterizan la respuesta evaluativa de los sujetos y la importancia que otorgan a cada dimensión. Los resultados son discutidos en el marco de la teoría de la identidad social y de la teoría de la identidadetnolingüística.
Ciprofloxacin enhances the stimulation of matrix metalloproteinase 3 expression by interleukin‐1β in human tendon‐derived cells
Authors: Corps Anthony N. , Harrall Rebecca L. , Curry Valerie A. , Fenwick Steven A. , Hazleman Brian L. , Riley Graham P. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin, which can cause tendon pain and rupture in a proportion of treated patients, affects the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in human tendon‐derived cells in culture.MethodsCell cultures were derived from 6 separate tendon explants, and were incubated in 6‐well culture plates for 2 periods of 48 hours each, with ciprofloxacin (or DMSO in controls) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), alone and in combination. Samples of supernatant medium from the second 48‐hour incubation were assayed for MMPs 1, 2, and 3 by Western blotting. RNA was extracted from the cells and assayed for MMP messenger RNA (mRNA) by semiquantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, with normalization for GAPDH mRNA.ResultsUnstimulated tendon cells expressed low or undetectable levels of MMP‐1 and MMP‐3, and substantial levels of MMP‐2. IL‐1β induced a substantial output of both MMP‐1 and MMP‐3 into cell supernatants, reflecting increases (typically 100‐fold) in MMP mRNA, but had only minor effects on MMP‐2 expression. Ciprofloxacin had no detectable effect on MMP output in unstimulated cells. Preincubation with ciprofloxacin potentiated IL‐1β–stimulated MMP‐3 output, reflecting a similar effect on MMP‐3 mRNA expression. Ciprofloxacin also potentiated IL‐1β–stimulated MMP‐1 mRNA expression, but did not potentiate the output of MMP‐1, and had no significant effects on MMP‐2 mRNA expression or output.ConclusionCiprofloxacin can selectively enhance MMP expression in tendon‐derived cells. Such effects might compromise tendon microstructure and integrity.
Replicative aging of human articular chondrocytes during ex vivo expansion
Authors: Parsch Dominik , Brümmendorf Tim H. , Richter Wiltrud , Fellenberg Jörg 
Published: November 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the contribution of clinical ex vivo expansion protocols to replicative aging of human chondrocytes.MethodsPrimary human chondrocytes were cultured as monolayers after isolation from 7 articular cartilage specimens. Cells were passaged corresponding to 12–19 cell population doublings (cpd). Aliquots of the cells were collected from each passage and analyzed for telomere length and telomerase activity.ResultsThe rate of telomere shortening was heterogeneous, ranging from 147 to 431 bp/cpd (mean ± SD 305 ± 122). Telomerase activity was detected at various time points during passaging in 5 of 7 primary chondrocytes analyzed, but not in native human articular cartilage specimens. According to our data, an 8–10‐fold (∼3 cpd) ex vivo expansion of articular chondrocytes, as typically performed for transplantation procedures, leads to telomere erosion in the range of 900 bp. This is comparable with 30 years of aging based on the in vivo rate of telomere shortening of 30 bp/year recently found in chondrocytes.ConclusionIf telomere shortening is an important determinant of aging in human articular cartilage, an additional telomere loss due to ex vivo expansion might affect the incidence or time of onset of age‐related cartilage disorders. However, given the limited extent of expansion performed in the clinical setting to date, a significant telomere‐mediated increase in the risk of malignant transformation or replicative exhaustion of the transplanted cells seems unlikely.
Access to health care in a system transition: the case of Bulgaria
Authors: Balabanova Dina , McKee Martin 
Published: November 2002

AbstractObjectiveThroughout the 1990s, the Soviet‐style model in central and eastern Europe that provided free health services has been subject to radical reforms. Socio‐economic inequalities have also increased but there is little information on inequalities in health care utilization. This paper examines the pattern of illness behaviour in Bulgaria, seeking evidence of inequalities in access to services and eliciting users' pathways to care.DesignAnalysis drew on a representative population survey in Bulgaria (1997). The financial determinants of service use were tested in a multivariate model adjusted first for age, and then for age, marital status and self‐reported health. In‐depth interviews with users and providers addressed pathways to care, use of connections and other informal strategies to obtain care.ResultsAs expected, rates of illness vary with income, with highest rates among the poor. After adjustment for illness, consultation rates are relatively equal across income levels, with the exception of worse‐off women who tend to consult more. For first contact, there are few differences according to income, with the better off preferring secondary level. Pathways slightly differ, with women more often treated in primary care. Private sector utilization is low. Qualitative research reveals well‐established strategies to obtain more advanced care, including use of connections, informal payments and use of emergency services.ConclusionsAn apparent lack of inequalities in access to care conceals a more complex picture in which income and gender influence the pathways taken through the system. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural determination and complete NMR spectral assignments of a new bufadienolide glycoside
Authors: Ye Min , Han Jian , Guo Hongzhu , Guo Dean 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe structure of a new bufadienolide glycoside, cinobufagin 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside, was determined by extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, HSQC, g‐HMBC and NOESY). The complete assignments of the 13C and 1H spectral data were also carried out. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Locally anisotropic motion in a macroscopically isotropic system: displacement correlations measured using double pulsed gradient spin‐echo NMR
Authors: Callaghan P. T. , Komlosh M. E. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractWe propose a novel application of double pulsed gradient spin‐echo NMR in which two pairs of gradient pulses are used successively to encode the spin magnetization. These pairs were applied with gradient directions collinear and orthogonal, and the results were compared. The method can be used to detect local diffusion anisotropy even when the distribution of domain directors in the sample is isotropic. The degree of the difference between collinear and orthogonal echo attenuation responses indicates the nature of that local anisotropy. We applied this method to a polydomain lyotropic liquid crystal system, Aerosol OT–water, and detected the local diffusion anisotropy directly. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probing interactions within complex colloidal systems using PGSE‐NMR
Authors: Griffiths P. C. , Cheung A. Y. F. , Davies J. A. , Paul A. , Tipples C. N. , Winnington A. L. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractPulsed‐gradient spin‐echo NMR (PGSE‐NMR) has evolved into a powerful technique for probing colloidal structure, particularly that of complex mixtures. Indeed, with the exception perhaps of neutron scattering, no single technique has such universal applicability. The parameter of interest, the (self‐) diffusion coefficient, is of fundamental importance as it is determined by both the chemistry of the system—the size and shape of the individual molecular species—and its physical environment/state—dissolved, dispersed, aggregated, constrained within boundaries, etc. Understanding such behaviour is of central importance in the biological and colloidal fields. The basis of using diffusion as a probe of such systems relies on the fact that each species in a mixture can be separated by differences in their diffusion coefficient and/or by the chemical specificity of NMR. Binding, aggregation and structure elucidation studies have undergone a renaissance in the last decade owing to the increased commercial availability of hardware and improved data processing. This paper highlights just a few of the many and diverse applications to which PGSE‐NMR can be put. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HR‐DOSY experiments with radiofrequency field gradients (RFG) and their processing according to the HD method
Authors: Mouro C. , Mutzenhardt P. , Diter B. , Canet D. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe usual method for probing translational motions is the pulsed gradient spin‐echo (PGSE) experiment introduced by Stejskal and Tanner. It employs gradients of the static magnetic field. Most of the drawbacks from which this basic experiment suffers have been successfully circumvented by several modifications and compensations. Thus, it is now possible to obtain very clean experimental results amenable to optimal data processing so that they can be presented as 2D (or 3D) diffusion ordered spectra (DOSY). In first part of this paper, it is shown that radiofrequency field gradients (RFG) are immune to the drawbacks inherent to the basic PGSE sequence, and can give clean, high‐resolution diffusion data in a straightforward manner. In the second part, an alternative data processing method for reconstructing DOSY spectra based on the Hankel diagonalization (HD) is introduced. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Total assignments of 1H and 13C NMR spectra of a new prenylated flavanone from Dioclea grandiflora
Authors: Lemos Virgínia S. , dos Santos Marcelo H. , Rabelo Luiza A. , Côrtes Steyner F. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractA new prenylated flavanone, floranol (1) 3,5,7,2′‐ tetrahydroxy‐6‐methoxy‐8‐prenylflavanone and a known flavanone (dioclein) were isolated from the roots of Dioclea grandiflora (Fabaceae). The structure and the relative stereochemistry were established by 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques (HMQC and HMBC) Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of PGSE NMR and DECRA for determining polymer composition
Authors: Antalek Brian , Hewitt J. Michael , Windig Willem , Yacobucci Paul D. , Mourey Thomas , Le Kim 
Published: November 2002

AbstractPulsed gradient spin‐echo (PGSE) NMR, when coupled with the appropriate data processing algorithm, is a useful method for mixture analysis. Direct exponential curve resolution algorithm (DECRA) is demonstrated as a method that may be used to obtain polymer composition information as a function of molecular weight for a poly(urea‐urethane). DECRA resolves both self‐diffusion coefficients and corresponding spectral components from a single experiment without the need for physical separation. Molecular weight estimates from the NMR data are compared with that determined by size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC). DECRA‐resolved spectral components are directly compared with NMR spectra of SEC fractions. Subtle compositional changes among three different polymer solutions are clearly detected by the NMR analysis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heterocoagulation of polychloroprene on natural rubber latex particles for use in the preparation of toughened polystyrene
Authors: Tangboriboonrat P. , Buranabunya U. , Sangribsub S. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe toughness of high‐impact polystyrene based on γ‐radiation‐vulcanized natural rubber (NR) was effectively enhanced by the addition of a block copolymer at the NR/polystyrene interface. An NR/polychloroprene (CR) composite latex particle was produced by the heterocoagulation technique for its use as a model in a compatibilization study. A nonionic surfactant (Tween 80), whose molecule bore poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), was adsorbed onto the CR particle and allowed to form a complex between PEO and an indigenous surfactant (protein–lipid) on the NR particle surface. The presence of CR–Tween on the outer layer of the obtained composite polymer particle was characterized by the particle size, ζ potential, and glass‐transition temperature. That the film cast from the heterocoagulated latex showed better oil resistance than the NR film confirmed the NR/CR core–shell structure. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 9–13, 2003
13C cross‐polarization magic angle spinning NMR of ferrocene derivatives
Authors: Okada Yutaka , Oguri Kouji , Sakamoto Kazuhisa , Miyako Yukio , Hayashi Takatoshi 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe 13C chemical shifts of the CP/MAS NMR for ferrocene derivatives have been measured. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linear and nonlinear viscoelasticity of carbon black filled elastomers: Use of complementary rheological characterizations
Authors: Barrès C. , Mongruel A. , Cartault M. , Leblanc J. L. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe viscoelastic properties of filled elastomers (uncured styrene–butadiene rubber filled with carbon black) were investigated with two shear rheometers specially designed for the characterization of complex polymer systems. A torsional strain‐controlled rheometer [i.e., a rubber process analyzer (RPA)] was used in dynamic and relaxation modes for measuring the storage and loss moduli and the relaxation modulus. A stress‐controlled sliding cylinder rheometer (SCR) was operated for the measurement of the creep compliance. Both devices could be operated on a large scale of imposed strains or stresses ranging from the linear viscoelastic regime to the nonlinear viscoelastic regime, and they were complementary in supporting the original viscoelastic behavior of filled elastomers for a wide experimental time range. Moreover, when the measuring ranges of the two apparatus overlapped, a cross‐check of the material functions obtained with the RPA or SCR could be successfully carried out. This validation of the data was performed not only in the linear domain of viscoelasticity, with the classical approach of a generalized Maxwell model, but also in the nonlinear domain, with a viscoelastic integral model of type K‐BKZ. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 31–41, 2003