bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Posttreatment Mutual Help Group Participation on the Friendship Networks of Substance Abuse Patients
Authors: Humphreys Keith , Noke Jennifer M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe effect of 12‐step mutual help groups (e.g., Narcotics Anonymous) on members' friendship networks has received little attention. This 1‐year longitudinal study examined such effects in a sample of 2,337 male substance abuse inpatients, 57.7% of whom became significantly involved in 12‐step activities (e.g., reading program literature, attending meetings) after treatment. An a priori model of the interplay of 12‐step involvement and friendship networks was tested using structural equation modeling, and found to have excellent fit to the data. Twelve‐step group involvement after treatment predicted better general friendship characteristics (e.g., number of close friends) and substance abuse‐specific friendship characteristics (e.g., proportion of friends who abstain from drugs and alcohol) at follow‐up. Results are discussed in terms of how mutual help group involvement benefits patients and how the self‐help group evaluation paradigm should be broadened.
Does Parenting Differ Based on Social Class?: African American Women's Perceived Socialization for Achievement
Authors: Hill Nancy E. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractResearch has provided some evidence of ethnic group, gender, and class differences in the socialization for achievement. However, there is little research on African American women with the exception of the studies of low‐income, single mothers. To understand the similarities and differences in socialization for achievement based on social class, middle‐class African American women from working‐ and middle‐class backgrounds were studied using qualitative and quantitative methods to compare them on issues related to achievement socialization. Women from middle‐class backgrounds reported that their parents had higher expectations for them and were more involved in their education than did women from working‐class backgrounds. More middle‐class parents expected their daughters to be successful in careers than did working‐class parents. Women from working‐class families did receive support from their parents but they did not have as much support as did the women from middle‐class backgrounds. Women from working‐class families perhaps made use of other sources to support their desire to succeed. There were no differences in perceived race‐related socialization based on social class. Implications of these findings for future research are discussed.
Ethnocultural Differences in Prevalence of Adolescent Depression
Authors: Roberts Robert E. , Roberts Catherine R , Chen Y. Richard 
Published: September 2003

AbstractData from an ethnically diverse sample of middle school (Grades 6–8) students (n = 5,423) are analyzed for ethnic differences in major depression. The point prevalence of major depression was 8.4% without and 4.3% with impairment. Data were sufficient to calculate prevalences for nine ethnic groups. Prevalences adjusted for impairment ranged from 1.9% for youths of Chinese descent to 6.6% for those of Mexican decent. African and Mexican American youths had significantly higher crude rates of depression without impairment, but only the latter had significantly higher rates of depression with impairment. Multivariate (logistic regression) analyses, adjusting for the effects of age, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES), yielded significant odds ratios for only one group. Mexican American youths were at elevated risk for both depression without (OR = 1.74, p < .05) and depression with impairment (OR = 1.71, p < .05). There was no significant interaction of ethnicity and SES in relation to depression. Females had higher prevalences of depression with and without impairment, as did youths who reported that their SES was somewhat or much worse off than their peers. The data add to growing evidence that Mexican American youths are at increased risk of depression, and that community intervention efforts should specifically target this high‐risk group.
Psychological Distress and Help Seeking in Rural America
Authors: Hoyt Danny R. , Conger Rand D. , Valde Jill Gaffney , Weihs Karen 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe implications of exposure to acute and chronic stressors, and seeking mental health care, for increased psychological distress are examined. Research on economic stress, psychological distress, and rural agrarian values each point to increasing variability within rural areas. Using data from a panel study of 1,487 adults, a model predicting changes in depressive symptoms was specified and tested. Results show effects by size of place for men but not for women. Men living in rural villages of under 2,500 or in small towns of 2,500 to 9,999 people had significantly greater increases in depressive symptoms than men living in the country or in larger towns or cities. Size of place was also related to level of stigma toward mental health care. Persons living in the most rural environments were more likely to hold stigmatized attitudes toward mental health care and these views were strongly predictive of willingness to seek care. The combination of increased risk and less willingness to seek assistance places men living in small towns and villages in particular jeopardy for continuing problems involving depressed mood.
Implementing a Comprehensive Program for the Prevention of Conduct Problems in Rural Communities: The Fast Track Experience
Authors: Bierman Karen L. , Cole John D. , Dodge Kenneth A. , Greenberg Mark T. , Lochman John E. , McMahon Robert J. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractChildhood conduct problems are predictive of a number of serious long‐term difficulties (e.g., school failure, delinquent behavior, and mental health problems), making the design of effective prevention programs a priority. The Fast Track Program is a demonstration project currently underway in four demographically diverse areas of the United States, testing the feasibility and effectiveness of a comprehensive, multicomponent prevention program targeting children at risk for conduct disorders. This paper describes some lessons learned about the implementation of this program in a rural area. Although there are many areas of commonality in terms of program needs, program design, and implementation issues in rural and urban sites, rural areas differ from urban areas along the dimensions of geographical dispersion and regionalism, and community stability and insularity. Rural programs must cover a broad geographical area and must be sensitive to the multiple, small and regional communities that constitute their service area. Small schools, homogeneous populations, traditional values, limited recreational, educational and mental health services, and politically conservative climates are all more likely to emerge as characteristics of rural rather than urban sites (Sherman, 1992). These characteristics may both pose particular challenges to the implementation of prevention programs in rural areas, as well as offer particular benefits. Three aspects of program implementation are described in detail: (a) community entry and program initiation in rural areas, (b) the adaptation of program components and service delivery to meet the needs of rural families and schools, and (c) issues in administrative organization of a broadly dispersed tricounty rural prevention program.
Jeopardy Not Bonus Status for African American Women in the Work Force: Why Does the Myth of Advantage Persist?
Authors: Sanchez-Hucles Janis V. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAfrican American women in the United States have a long history of employment outside of their homes. Their experiences are unique from other groups of majority and minority men and women due to the interaction of race, gender, and class. Despite long‐standing and continuing struggles against discrimination, harassment, low pay, tokenism, and stereotypes, a myth that African American women enjoy a bonus or advantaged status in the work force has developed and persisted. In this article, Black women's work force experiences are examined from a social constructionist framework, misperceptions of Black women are critiqued, explanations are developed that explain the unique status of African American women and recommendations are proposed to eradicate the discrimination and marginal status that Black women have endured in the work force.
The College Life Experiences of African American Women Athletes
Authors: Sellers Robert M. , Kuperminc Gabriel P. , Damas Alphonse 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe present study provides a descriptive analysis of four areas of African American women student athletes' college life experiences: academic performance; alienation and abuse; perceived social advantage as the result of athletics; and life satisfaction. Multivariate comparisons were made between the four areas of college life experiences of 154 African American women student athletes and 793 White women student athletes, 250 African American women nonathletes, and 628 African American men student athletes from a national sample of 39 NCAA Division I universities. Overall, African American women student athletes are performing adequately academically, integrating socially within the university, perceiving some social advantage as the result of being athletes, and are fairly satisfied with their life. Their experiences seem most consistent with African American women nonathletes. Results are discussed in the context of potential policy recommendations as well as the need for more research on this particular population.
Similarities and differences between incestuous and nonincestuous rape in a French follow‐up study
Authors: Darves‐Bornoz Jean‐Michel , Berger Christian , Degiovanni Andrée , Gaillard Philippe , Lépine Jean‐Pierre 
Published: September 2003

AbstractClinicians are familiar with the life and psychological difficulties of incest victims, but their observations often are refuted as being retrospective and unsystematic. We aimed to ascertain similarities and differences between incestuous rape and non‐incestuous rape. One hundred and two victims consulting a French forensic center were interviewed in a systematic follow‐up study over 6 months using structured interview schedules. Stepwise logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, and characteristics of the trauma showed that posttraumatic stress disorder, dissociative disorders, agoraphobia, and low self‐esteem were overrepresented in the incest‐rape group compared to the nonincest‐rape group.
Convergent and discriminant validity of the perinatal PTSD questionnaire (PPQ): A preliminary study
Authors: Quinnell Francella A. , Hynan Michael T. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe evaluated the validity of the Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire (PPQ) as a measure of posttraumatic stress symptomatology. Mothers of high‐risk infants (N = 91) and healthy, full‐term infants (N = 51) answered the PPQ and two other convergent measures of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, the Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the Penn Inventory (PI). The Need for Cognition Scale (NCS) was used as a divergent measure. Correlations among the convergent measures were significantly greater than the correlation between the PPQ and NCS. High‐risk mothers also scored higher than normal mothers on the PPQ and IES. The results support the validity of the PPQ.
Use of medical and mental health care by World War II survivors in the Netherlands
Authors: Bramsen Inge , van der Ploeg Henk M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study examined the mental and medical health care utilization of World War II (WW II) survivors and the characteristics of survivors seeking professional health care. Forty seven years after the end of WW II, a random sample of 4,057 Dutch WW II survivors answered a four‐page questionnaire; 1,461 persons subsequently answered an extensive follow‐up questionnaire. Twenty‐two percent had sought some form of health care for war‐related complaints at some time since WW II. Most consultations were made in the 1940s. More consultations were made to general practioners or to medical specialists as opposed to mental health specialists. Although the level of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms was most important for discriminating between help‐seeking and non‐help‐seeking respondents, 59% of the highly‐exposed respondents with PTSD had not sought professional help in the years 1990–1992. The results show the importance of primary health care in recognizing PTSD symptoms and referring survivors to the appropriate professional helper.
Predictors of acute stress following motor vehicle accidents
Authors: Harvey Allison G. , Bryant Richard A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the predictors of acute stress following motor vehicle accidents (MVA). Sixty‐two consecutive adult admissions to a hospital were assessed between two days and four weeks following a MVA. Participants were assessed for acute stress disorder (ASD) with a structured clinical interview and administered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Coping Style Questionnaire, Dissociative Experiences Scale, and the Eysenck Personality Inventory. The prevalences of full and sub‐syndromal ASD were 16.1% and 14.5%, respectively. BDI, history of psychiatric treatment, history of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and history of previous MVA accounted for 61% of the variance of acute stress severity. The findings indicate that predictors of acute stress severity are comparable to the predictors of PTSD and highlight the possibility of identifying those who may benefit from early treatment.
Quality of life and posttraumatic stress disorder: A pilot study assessing changes in SF‐36 scores before and after treatment in a placebo‐controlled trial of fluoxetine
Authors: Malik Mary L. , Connor Kathryn M. , Sutherland Suzanne M. , Smith Rebecca D. , Davison Rita M. , Davidson Jonathan R. T. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn this small pilot study, we evaluated quality of life for 16 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients by administering the Medical Outcomes Study 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36) at baseline and endpoint during a 12‐week double‐blind trial of fluoxetine and placebo. At baseline, our subjects reported greater impairment relative to subjects with major depression or obsessive‐compulsive disorder on several SF‐36 domains. Significant effects of fluoxetine relative to placebo were observed for vitality, social functioning, and mental health. Overall, PTSD was associated with greatly reduced quality of life, but considerable improvement was achieved through treatment.
Comparing perceived self‐efficacy among adolescent Bosnian and Croatian refugees with and without posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Ferren Peter M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTo examine the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and perceived self‐efficacy (PSE), 98 Bosnian and Croatian refugees, ages 13–18, completed Bandura's Children's Multidimensional Scales of Perceived Self‐Efficacy, which measure self‐predicted social functioning in 9 areas. Through interviews, participants were categorized according to DSM–IV criteria as traumatized PTSD‐positive, traumatized PTSD‐negative, and nontraumatized. ANCOVAs showed PTSD‐positive participants exhibit higher PSE than nontraumatized participants in 5 of 9 areas. No significant differences among 3 female groups were observed; however, nontraumatized boys demonstrated lower PSE than the 2 traumatized groups in 7 of 9 areas. Thus, PTSD did not have a negative impact on PSE in this cultural context. Furthermore, surviving traumatic experience and preserving social support networks may be protective factors for maintaining high levels of PSE.
Exposure to violence and posttraumatic stress symptomatology among abortion clinic workers
Authors: Fitzpatrick Kevin M. , Wilson Michele 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe intent of this study was to examine the relationship between exposure to abortion clinic violence, either as a victim or witness, and the reporting of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among clinic employees. Semi‐structured interviews with 71 clinic workers from eight abortion clinics in a Southeastern state were used for analyses. Findings showed that as victims, clinic workers experienced moderate forms of violence and witnessed greater variety and numbers of violent acts. Twenty‐one percent of the sampled workers reported symptoms similar to the syndrome described in the DSM‐IIIR/DSM‐IV classification for PTSD. A multivariate analysis showed that even when controlling for significant life circumstances and stressors outside the clinic setting, witnessing violence was a significant predictor of PTSD symptomatology.
Altruism and the Vietnam war veteran: The relationship of helping to symptomatology
Authors: Kishon‐Barash Ronit , Midlarsky Elizabeth , Johnson David R. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study examines the relationships among demographic factors, combat experiences, personality characteristics, altruism, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology. Participants were Vietnam War veterans currently undergoing treatment for PTSD. The developmental level of internalized schemas of interpersonal relations (object relatedness) and the altruistic intent to help were significant predictors of PTSD symptomatology, with lower levels of symptomatology associated with higher levels of altruism. Results indicated that predispositional variables and altruistic intentions may be important factors to consider in designing and implementing treatment programs for chronically impaired veterans with PTSD.
Interpersonal friction and PTSD in female victims of sexual and nonsexual assault
Authors: Zoellner Lori A. , Foa Edna B. , Brigidi Bartholomew D. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study examines the relationship among features of social relationships, both negative and positive, and later posttrauma pathology. Using a prospective design, 142 female victims of sexual or nonsexual assault were assessed at both 2 weeks and 3 months following the assault. We examined self‐reported perceptions of how often the participant has been the recipient of socially supportive actions by others and how often the participant has been engaged in interpersonal friction with others. Degree of interpersonal friction shortly after the assault predicted PTSD severity 3 months later. On the contrary, positive social support did not predict later PTSD severity. These results are consistent with previous studies that underscore the association between negative features of social relationships and PTSD.
Partners' ratings of combat veterans' PTSD symptomatology
Authors: Taft Casey T. , King Lynda A. , King Daniel W. , Leskin Gregory A. , Riggs David S. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe current study examined the concordance of combat veterans' scores on the Mississippi Scale for Combat‐Related PTSD, with scores on a parallel version of that instrument completed by partners to assess veterans' symptoms. Further, the study examined the impact of quality of the marital relationship on score concordance. Bivariate and multiple regression were used with a sample of 466 veteran‐partner dyads obtained from the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study. There was moderate agreement in symptom reporting between veterans and their partners and little evidence to suggest that the quality of the relationship impacted upon the association between partner and veteran scores.
Effects of attribution of responsibility for motor vehicle accidents on severity of PTSD symptoms, ways of coping, and recovery over six months
Authors: Hickling Edward J. , Blanchard Edward B. , Buckley Todd C. , Taylor Ann E. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn light of Delahanty et al.'s (1997) identification of attribution of responsibility for a motor vehicle accident (MVA) as a powerful determinant of initial level of distress from the trauma and of early remission of PTSD, we reexamined data from Blanchard and Hickling's (1997) prospective follow‐up of 158 MVA survivors. Despite differences between the two samples (Delahanty sample recruited from hospitals 2–3 weeks post‐MVA and predominantly male; our sample recruited from outpatient care 1–4 months post‐MVA and predominantly female) we replicated Delahanty's findings: those with PTSD who blame themselves for the MVA are less symptomatic initially and recover more rapidly in the first 6 months than those with PTSD who blame another party for the accident.
Ring chromosome 17: phenotype variation by deletion size
Authors: Shashi V , White JR , Pettenati MJ , Root SK , Bell WL 
Published: September 2003

Ring chromosome 17 is a rare cytogenetic abnormality, with 12 previous reports in the literature. Some have a relatively mild phenotype characterized by seizures, mental retardation, skin changes and short stature. Other patients have Miller–Dieker syndrome (MDS), which includes lissencephaly, multiple dysmorphic features, severe mental retardation and shortened life expectancy.We describe two new cases of ring chromosome 17 and review the literature. Our cases and the other reports of patients without a deletion encompassing the Miller–Dieker region, delineate a fairly distinctive subgroup of individuals with ring 17, whose phenotype consists of growth and mental retardation, seizures, minor dysmorphic features, café‐au‐lait spots and retinal flecks. This classification of ring 17 into two distinct groups based on the size of the deletion and the phenotypic manifestations should facilitate clinical suspicion of this rare chromosomal abnormality.
Combinations of turns in proteins
Authors: Guruprasad K. , Rao M. J. , Adindla S. , Guruprasad L. 
Published: September 2003

Abstract:We observed that β‐ and γ‐turns in protein structure may be associated as peptides representing combinations of turns that span between nine and 26 amino acid residues along the polypeptide backbone chain and often correspond to loops in the protein structure. Around 475 peptides resulted from the analysis of a non‐redundant data set corresponding to 248 protein crystal structures selected from the Protein Data Bank. Nearly 40% protein chains are associated with two or more peptides and the peptides with nine and 10 amino acid residues are more frequent. A maximum of four distinct peptides varying in number of amino acid residues were observed in at least 10 proteins along the same protein chain. Nearly 80% peptides comprise type IV β‐turns that are associated with irregular dihedral angle values suggesting this may be important for the conformational diversity associated with the loops in proteins. In general, predominant interactions that possibly stabilize these peptides involve main‐chain and side‐chain interactions with solvent, in addition to hydrogen bond, salt‐bridge and non‐bonded interactions. Majority of the peptides were observed in hydrolase, oxidoreductase, transferase, serine proteinase/inhibitor complex, electron transport/electron transfer and lyase proteins.