bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Rate Performance by Inhibiting Jahn–Teller Effect in Mn‐Based Phosphate Cathode for Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Sun Chen , Ni Qing , Li Meng , Sun Zheng , Yuan Xuanyi , Li Lei , Wang Kuangyu , Jin Haibo , Zhao Yongjie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractManganese‐based phosphate cathodes are promising candidates for developing advanced sodium‐ion batteries, primarily driven by their reliable elemental abundance, low toxicity, and desirable cycling performance. However, the cooperative Jahn–Teller effect of Mn3+ will inevitably lead to structural disorder and irreversible phase transition, thus greatly harming the reversible capacity, rate, and cycling performance. Herein, a stable NASICON‐type Na3MnHf(PO4)3 cathode is demonstrated with a volume variation of 1.9% upon the process of Na+ extraction/insertion based on the robust Hf─O bond and symmetrical MnO6 octahedron. Moreover, making full use of the stepwise redox reactions of Mn2+/Mn3+/Mn4+, this cathode reveals excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 85.4% after 2500 cycles at 10 C. Matching with commercial hard carbon anodes, the assembled full cell keeps a capacity retention of 92.1% with the Coulombic efficiency close to 100% after 600 cycles at 1 C. The research promises opportunities for the structural amelioration of manganese‐based phosphate cathodes toward the application in high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries.
Mechanically Strengthened Aerogels through Multiscale, Multicompositional, and Multidimensional Approaches: A Review
Authors: Parale Vinayak G. , Kim Taehee , Choi Haryeong , Phadtare Varsha D. , Dhavale Rushikesh P. , Kanamori Kazuyoshi , Park Hyung‐Ho 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, aerogels have attracted tremendous attention in academia and industry as a class of lightweight and porous multifunctional nanomaterial. Despite their wide application range, the low mechanical durability hinders their processing and handling, particularly in applications requiring complex physical structures. “Mechanically strengthened aerogels” have emerged as a potential solution to address this drawback. Since the first report on aerogels in 1931, various modified synthesis processes have been introduced in the last few decades to enhance the aerogel mechanical strength, further advancing their multifunctional scope. This review summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art developments of mechanically strengthened aerogels through multicompositional and multidimensional approaches. Furthermore, new trends and future directions for as prevailed commercialization of aerogels as plastic materials are discussed.
Hearing loss and history of otolaryngological conditions in adults with microdeletion 22q11.2
Authors: von Scheibler Emma N. M. M. , Widdershoven Josine C. C. , van Barneveld Denise C. P. B. M. , Schröder Nina , van Eeghen Agnies M. , van Amelsvoort Thérèse A. M. J. , Boot Erik 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the 22q11.2 microdeletion, associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), conveys an increased risk of chronic otitis media, and hearing loss at young age. This study reports on hearing loss and history of otolaryngological conditions in adults with 22q11.2DS. We conducted a retrospective study of 60 adults with 22q11.2DS (41.7% male) at median age 25 (range 16–74) years who had visited an otolaryngologist and audiologist for routine assessment at a 22q11.2 expert center. Demographic, genetic, audiometric, and otolaryngological data were systematically extracted from the medical files. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of age, sex, full‐scale intelligence quotient, and history of chronic otitis media on the severity of hearing loss. Hearing loss, mostly high‐frequency sensorineural, was found in 78.3% of adults. Higher age and history of chronic otitis media were associated with more severe hearing loss. Otolaryngological conditions with possible treatment implications included chronic otitis media (56.7%), globus pharyngeus (18.3%), balance problems (16.7%), and obstructive sleep apnea (8.3%). The results suggest that in 22q11.2DS, high‐frequency hearing loss appears to be common from a young adult age, and often unrecognized. Therefore, we recommend periodic audiometric screening in all adults, including high‐frequency ranges.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Atropisomers Bearing Multiple Chiral Elements: An Emerging Field
Authors: Zhang Hong‐Hao , Li Tian‐Zhen , Liu Si‐Jia , Shi Feng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of asymmetric catalysis, the demand for the enantioselective synthesis of complex and diverse molecules with different chiral elements is increasing. Owing to the unique features of atropisomerism, the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of atropisomers has attracted a considerable interest from the chemical science community. In particular, introducing additional chiral elements, such as carbon centered chirality, heteroatomic chirality, planar chirality, and helical chirality, into atropisomers provides an opportunity to incorporate new properties into axially chiral compounds, thus expanding the potential applications of atropisomers. Thus, it is important to perform catalytic asymmetric transformations to synthesize atropisomers bearing multiple chiral elements. In spite of challenges in such transformations, in recent years, chemists have devised powerful strategies under asymmetric organocatalysis or metal catalysis, synthesizing a wide range of enantioenriched atropisomers bearing multiple chiral elements. Therefore, the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of atropisomers bearing multiple chiral elements has become an emerging field. This review summarizes the rapid progress in this field and indicates challenges, thereby promoting this field to a new horizon.
Gamified learning: Assessing the influence of leaderboards on online formative quizzes in a computer programming course
Authors: Cigdem Harun , Korkusuz Mehmet Emin , Karaçaltı Caner 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis quasi‐experimental study investigates the impact of gamification on learning outcomes and course engagement in the computer programming course, a mandatory course in the Electronics and Communication Technology and Mechatronics Technology departments. The experimental group (EG) (N = 48) utilized leaderboards for gamified weekly online formative exams, while the control group (N = 48) used nongamified exams. Our hypothesis was that the EG would exhibit higher quiz completion rates and improved learning. However, the findings indicate no significant difference between gamified and nongamified approaches in terms of learning and course engagement. Although the EG completed more quizzes, it did not result in a substantial difference. Correlations reveal a positive relationship between theoretical exam scores and the number of completed quizzes, suggesting that gamification may not directly enhance learning. Notably, the overall impact of quiz completion on learning is more pronounced when considering all participants. Furthermore, the decline in quiz completion rates after the third week in both groups suggests that gamification may yield an innovative effect but lacks long‐term sustainability. These results suggest that gamification may be suitable for short‐term activities, such as 2–3 weeks, and may not sufficiently engage all students in the lesson.
Crosstalk of NLRP3 inflammasome and noncoding RNAs in cardiomyopathies
Authors: Jafari Negar , Shahabi Rabori Venus , Zolfi Gol Ali , Saberiyan Mohammadreza 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) identified as a serious public health problem. Although there is a lot of evidence that inflammatory processes play a significant role in the progression of CVDs, however, the precise mechanism is not fully understood. Nevertheless, recent studies have focused on inflammation and its related agents. Nucleotide oligomerization domain‐, leucine‐rich repeat‐, and pyrin domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) is a type of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that can recognize pathogen‐associated molecular patterns and trigger innate immune response. NLRP3 is a component of the NOD‐like receptor (NLR) family and have a pivotal role in detecting damage to cardiovascular tissue. It is suggested that activation of NLRP3 inflammasome leads to initiating and propagating the inflammatory response in cardiomyopathy. So, late investigations have highlighted the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in various forms of cardiomyopathy. On the other side, it was shown that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly, microRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs possess a regulatory function in the immune system's inflammatory response, implicating their involvement in various inflammatory disorders. In addition, their role in different cardiomyopathies was indicated in recent studies. This review article provides a summary of recent advancements focusing on the function of the NLRP3 inflammasome in common CVDs, especially cardiomyopathy, while also discussing the therapeutic potential of inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome regulated by ncRNAs.
Deciphering Iron‐Catalyzed C−H Amination with Organic Azides: N2 Cleavage from a Stable Organoazide Complex
Authors: Stroek Wowa , Keilwerth Martin , Malaspina Lorraine A. , Grabowsky Simon , Meyer Karsten , Albrecht Martin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCatalytic C−N bond formation by direct activation of C−H bonds offers wide synthetic potential. En route to C−H amination, complexes with organic azides are critical precursors towards the reactive nitrene intermediate. Despite their relevance, α‐N coordinated organoazide complexes are scarce in general, and elusive with iron, although iron complexes are by far the most active catalysts for C−H amination with organoazides. Herein, we report the synthesis of a stable iron α‐N coordinated organoazide complex from [Fe(N(SiMe3)2)2] and AdN3 (Ad=1‐adamantyl) and its crystallographic, IR, NMR and zero‐field 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopic characterization. These analyses revealed that the organoazide is in fast equilibrium between the free and coordinated state (Keq=62). Photo‐crystallography experiments showed gradual dissociation of N2, which imparted an Fe−N bond shortening and correspond to structural snapshots of the formation of an iron imido/nitrene complex. Reactivity of the organoazide complex in solution showed complete loss of N2, and subsequent formation of a C−H aminated product via nitrene insertion into a C−H bond of the N(SiMe3)2 ligand. Monitoring this reaction by 1H NMR spectroscopy indicates the transient formation of the imido/nitrene intermediate, which was supported by Mössbauer spectroscopy in frozen solution.
Nitroimidazole derivatives potentiated against tumor hypoxia: Design, synthesis, antitumor activity, molecular docking study, and QSAR study
Authors: Almatary Aya M. , El Husseiny Walaa M. , Selim Khalid B. , Eisa Hassan M. H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA hypoxic environment occurs predominantly in tumors. During the growth phase of a tumor, it grows until it exceeds its blood supply, leaving regions of the tumor in which the oxygen pressure is dramatically low. They are virtually absent in normal tissues, thus creating perfect conditions for selective bioreductive therapy of tumors. To this aim, a novel series of cytotoxic radiosensitizer agents were synthesized by linking the nitroimidazole scaffold with oxadiazole or triazole rings. The majority of the compounds exhibited moderate to excellent antiproliferative activities toward HCT116 cell line under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The structure–activity relationship study revealed that compounds containing the free thiol group either in the oxadiazoles 11a,b or the triazoles 21a,b–23a,b demonstrated the strongest antiproliferative activity, which proves that the free thiol group plays a crucial role in the antiproliferative activity of our compounds under both normoxic (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 12.50–24.39 µM) and hypoxic conditions (IC50 = 4.69–11.56 µM). Radiosensitizing assay of the four most active cytotoxic compounds 11b and 21–23b assured the capability of the compounds to enhance the sensitivity of the tumor cells to the DNA damaging activity of γ‐radiation (IC50 = 2.23–5.18 µM). To further investigate if the cytotoxicity of our most active compounds was due to a specific signaling pathway, the online software SwissTargetPrediction was exploited and a molecular docking study was done that proposed cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) enzyme to be the most promising target. The CDK2 inhibitory assay assured this assumption as five out of six compounds demonstrated a comparable inhibitory activity with roscovitine, among which compound 21b showed threefold more potent inhibitory activity in comparison with the reference compound. A further biological evaluation proved compound 21b to have an apoptotic activity and cell cycle arrest activity at the G1 and S phases. During the AutoQSAR analysis, the model demonstrated excellent regression between the predicted and experimental activity with r2 = 0.86. Subsequently, we used the model to predict the activity of the test set compounds that came with r2 = 0.95.
A Novel Quantitative Measure of Pharyngeal Shortening
Authors: Leonard Rebecca , Miles Anna , Bakker Lise , Allen Jacqueline 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundLittle is known about pharyngeal shortening (PShort) during swallowing. This observational study measured PShort during swallowing in healthy adults and compared it to patients with swallowing impairments of different aetiologies.Methods275 healthy volunteers (19–99 years) and 75 dysphagic patients (25 with head and neck cancer, 25 with Parkinson's, 25 with stroke) underwent videofluoroscopy. A novel quantitative measure of PShort for 1, 3, and 20 mL thin liquid barium and 3 mL paste boli was determined and compared across age, sex, bolus type and patient cohort.ResultsPShort ranged from 1.05 to 4.41 cm across bolus types with larger displacements for 20 mL (M: 2.52 cm) and paste (M: 2.43 cm) compared with 1 mL (M: 2.36 cm) and 3 mL (M: 2.41 cm). PShort correlated with sex, height, and cohort but not age. Inter‐rater reliability for three raters was substantial (intraclass correlation >0.80).ConclusionsThis novel fluoroscopic measure of PShort is reliable and demonstrates quantitative changes in vertical pharyngeal displacement in healthy and swallow‐impaired adults related to sex, size, and bolus type.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:2121–2126, 2024
Difference of Antrochoanal Polyps Between Children and Adults in the Chinese Population
Authors: Tu Yanyi , Jiang Tianjiao , Wu Yisha , Luo Jinfeng , Sun Shujuan , Liu Chuanping , Yu Peng , Chen Aiping , Ji Hongzhi , Wan Yuzhu , Yu Liang , Shi Li 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThis study aims to find the difference in clinical and immunopathological characteristics between children and adults with antrochoanal polyps (ACPs) in the Chinese population.MethodsThe clinical data of 69 patients diagnosed with ACPs were retrospectively analyzed. Cytokine levels in 16 controls and 40 ACPs tissues were determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 was measured using qPCR, immunofluorescent staining, and western blot.ResultsThere were 51 (73.9%) children (<18 years old) and 18 (26.1%) adults (≥18 years old). The sex ratio differed significantly between the two groups (p = 0.0032). There were no significant differences in the nasal side of ACPs and approaches to surgery between the two groups. In both groups, the most common symptom was nasal obstruction, followed by nasal discharge. As for associated nasal diseases, there was a significant difference between the two groups in septal deviation (p = 0.0223). Adult patients showed significantly higher expression of IL‐8 mRNA than children (p = 0.0424). The mRNA and protein levels of MMP‐9 were also significantly higher in adult patients than in children (p = 0.0498 and 0.0009, respectively).ConclusionIn the Chinese population, the comorbidities and immunopathological characteristics of adult ACP patients are different from those of children. The level of IL‐8 and MMP‐9 was significantly higher in ACPs of adults than in children, which may contribute to the more severe tissue remolding in adult ACP patients.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:2093–2099, 2024
Oral Intake Difficulty and Aspiration Pneumonia Assessment Using High‐Resolution Manometry
Authors: Nishikubo‐Tanaka Kaori , Asayama Rie , Kochi Kazutaka , Okada Masahiro , Tanaka Keiko , Yamada Hiroyuki , Hato Naohito 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThe sequential generation of swallowing pressure (SP) from the nasopharynx to the proximal esophagus is important for the bolus to pass from the oral cavity to the esophagus. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of the SP sequence mode on high‐resolution manometry (HRM) with oral intake difficulty and aspiration pneumonia.MethodsConsecutive patients with dysphagia who were admitted to our dysphagia clinic between November 2016 and November 2020 were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. We classified the HRM pressure topography data according to the SP sequence mode into type A, normal; B, partially decreased; C, totally decreased; and D, sequence disappeared, and according to the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) during pharyngeal swallowing into type 1, flattening and 2, non‐flattening. Clinical dysphagia severity was determined based on oral intake difficulty and aspiration pneumonia.ResultsIn total, 202 patients with dysphagia (mean [standard deviation] age, 68.3 [14.5] years; 140 [69.8%] male) were enrolled. Type C (odds ratio [OR], 10.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.89–51.45), type D (OR, 19.90; 95% CI, 4.18–122.35), and type 2 (OR, 6.36; 95% CI, 2.88–14.57) were significantly related to oral intake difficulty. Type C (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.08–11.12) and type 2 (OR, 4.18; 95% CI, 1.95–9.15) were significantly associated with aspiration pneumonia.ConclusionThe failure of sequential generation of SP was associated with higher risk of oral intake difficulty and aspiration pneumonia. These assessments are useful in understanding the pathophysiology and severity of dysphagia and in selecting safety nutritional management methods.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:2127–2135, 2024
Understanding the associations between social and emotional expression, communication, and relationships in individuals with eating pathology
Authors: Daniels Alyssa , Cornelius Talea , Gorin Amy A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractResearch suggests that a disproportionate number of female individuals being treated for an eating disorder (ED) also have autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Alexithymia, or difficulty identifying and describing emotions, may mediate the relationship between ED and ASD. In this study, we explored the association of autistic traits with symptoms of alexithymia and eating pathology, as well as the potential mediating role of alexithymia. Two hundred and twenty‐eight female participants aged 18 and older were recruited from online ED support platforms to complete an anonymous online survey via Qualtrics. The survey included three questionnaires: the Toronto Alexithymia Scale‐20, the Autism‐Spectrum Quotient (AQ), and the 13‐item Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. More than half (54.8%) of participants met the clinical threshold on the AQ. Participants with a positive screen on the AQ scale also reported more symptoms of alexithymia (92.6% of individuals with a positive AQ vs. 79.8% of those without), B = 9.02, p < 0.001. A positive AQ screen was also associated with significantly greater disordered eating symptoms, B = 4.26, p = 0.031. Alexithymia mediated this association, a × b = 1.98, p < 0.05. The results establish a strong positive relationship between autistic traits and alexithymia, supporting previous data and suggesting that autistic female individuals struggle to identify emotions. Additionally, alexithymia served as a mediator between autistic traits and disordered eating. Understanding this relationship may help inform the treatment of autistic female individuals who are also struggling with ED.
Einleuchtendes über Leonardos Kreuz
Authors: Suhr Wilfried , Schlichting Hans Joachim 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungWir sind mit anschaulichen Mitteln der vor mehr als 500 Jahren von Leonardo da Vinci aufgeworfenen Frage nachgegangen, warum eine auf dem Wasser driftende Halbblase eine kreuzförmige Lichtfigur auf dem Boden des Gefäßes hervorruft. Die Projektion dieser Lichtfigur mit einem schräg einfallenden parallelen Lichtbündel ließ vermuten, dass es sich bei ihr um eine astroidförmige Kaustik handelt. Als Nachweis haben wir von repräsentativen Punkten auf den Menisken der Blase ausgehend einzelne Laserstrahlen verfolgt, welche die Astroide stückweise reproduzieren konnten. Die so ermöglichte eindeutige Zuordnung zwischen den beleuchteten Bereichen auf der Blase und davon herrührenden Bestandteilen der Astroide konnten wir durch eine Modellrechnung nachvollziehen.
Fucoxanthin ameliorates endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibits apoptosis and alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration in rats by upregulating Sirt1
Authors: Teng Cheng , Wu Jingtao , Zhang Zhao , Wang Jinquan , Yang Ye , Dong Chengji , Wu Long , Lin Zhen , Hu Yuezheng , Wang Jing , Zhang Xiaolei , Lin Zhongke 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells are considered to be the main pathological factors of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Fucoxanthin (FX), a marine carotenoid extracted from microalgae, has antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of FX on NP cells induced by oxidative stress and its molecular mechanism. Primary NP cells of the lumbar vertebrae of rats were extracted and tested in vitro. qRT‐PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, and TUNEL staining were used to detect apoptosis, ERS, extracellular matrix (ECM), and Sirt1‐related pathways. In vivo experiments, the recovery of IDD rats was determined by X‐ray, hematoxylin and eosin, Safranin‐O/Fast Green, Alcian staining, and immunohistochemistry. Our study showed that oxidative stress induced ERS, apoptosis, and ECM degradation in NP cells. After the use of FX, the expression of Sirt1 was up‐regulated, the activation of PERK‐eIF2α‐ATF4‐CHOP was decreased, and apoptosis and ECM degradation were decreased. At the same time, FX improved the degree of disc degeneration in rats in vivo. Our study demonstrates the effect of FX on improving IDD in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that FX may be a potential drug for the treatment of IDD.