bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incoherent noise-induced distortions of Rayleigh wave ellipticity measurements obtained with three-component beamforming
Authors: Wathelet Marc 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
For site characterization, the elliptic particle motion of Rayleigh waves and its frequency dependence is a well-known property that aroused less interest than the frequency dependence of the phase velocity. More than 50 yr ago, ellipticity was already recognized as providing information independent from phase velocity, despite the difficulties inherent to its accurate and precise measurement. Several techniques were developed during the last two decades to extract the ellipticity curve from ambient vibration recordings, with a single three-component (3C) station, with pairs of 3C stations and more recently with 3C arrays. The latter has the advantage over the other approaches that the sign of the ellipticity can be retrieved. Moreover, higher order mode separation is possible under certain conditions. Nevertheless, Rayleigh Three-component BeamForming (RTBF) proposed by Wathelet et al. encounters difficulties in the presence of significant levels of incoherent noise when the true ellipticity is vanishing or when it has a high absolute value. In this work, the analytical expressions of the beam power for a single source wavefield are revised under more realistic assumptions for the incoherent noise azimuthal distribution. The proposed model also includes an asymmetric distribution of the incoherent noise between vertical and horizontal components, which was not the case in the original publication. Switching from ellipticity to angular ellipticity drastically simplifies the formalism. Moreover, it naturally leads to a new steering matrix (all-component ellipticity steering) which solves the limitation around zero and infinity observed for RTBF. Interestingly, the accuracy of the ellipticity is no longer influenced by the absolute level of incoherent noise but by the difference between the incoherent noise ratio on vertical and horizontal components. A method based on the second derivative of the beam power versus the radial wavenumber is finally proposed to experimentally measure the noise ratio difference, which allows experimental values to be corrected. The methodology is compared with classical vertical beamforming and RTBF for a synthetic case and three experimental data sets.
Earthquake or blast? Classification of local-distance seismic events in Sweden using fully connected neural networks
Authors: Eggertsson Gunnar , Lund Björn , Roth Michael , Schmidt Peter 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Distinguishing between different types of seismic events is a task typically performed manually by expert analysts and can thus be both time and resource expensive. Analysts at the Swedish National Seismic Network (SNSN) use four different event types in the routine analysis: natural (tectonic) earthquakes, blasts (e.g. from mines, quarries and construction) and two different types of mining-induced events associated with large, underground mines. In order to aid manual event classification and to classify automatic event definitions, we have used fully connected neural networks to implement classification models which distinguish between the four event types. For each event, we bandpass filter the waveform data in 20 narrow-frequency bands before dividing each component into four non-overlapping time windows, corresponding to the P phase, P coda, S phase and S coda. In each window, we compute the root-mean-square amplitude and the resulting array of amplitudes is then used as the neural network inputs. We compare results achieved using a station-specific approach, where individual models are trained for each seismic station, to a regional approach where a single model is trained for the whole study area. An extension of the models, which distinguishes spurious phase associations from real seismic events in automatic event definitions, has also been implemented. When applying our models to evaluation data distinguishing between earthquakes and blasts, we achieve an accuracy of about 98 per cent for automatic events and 99 per cent for manually analysed events. In areas located close to large underground mines, where all four event types are observed, the corresponding accuracy is about 90 and 96 per cent, respectively. The accuracy when distinguishing spurious events from real seismic events is about 95 per cent. We find that the majority of erroneous classifications can be traced back to uncertainties in automatic phase picks and location estimates. The models are already in use at the SNSN, both for preliminary type predictions of automatic events and for reviewing manually analysed events.
A Two-color Single-molecule Sequencing Platform and Its Clinical Applications
Authors: Chen Fang , Liu Bin , Chen Meirong , Jiang Zefei , Zhou Zhiliang , Wu Ping , Zhang Meng , Jin Huan , Li Linsen , Lu Liuyan , Shang Huan , Liu Lei , Chen Weiyue , Xu Jianfeng , Sun Ruitao , Wang Guangming , Zheng Jiao , Qi Jifang , Yang Bo , Zeng Lidong , Li Yan , Lv Hui , Zhao Nannan , Wang Wen , Cai Jinsen , Liu Yongfeng , Luo Weiwei , Zhang Juan , Zhang Yanhua , Fan Jicai , Dan Haitao , He Xuesen , Huang Wei , Sun Lei , Yan Qin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
DNA sequencers have become increasingly important research and diagnostic tools over the past 20 years. In this study, we developed a single-molecule desktop sequencer, GenoCare 1600 (GenoCare), which utilizes amplification-free library preparation and two-color sequencing-by-synthesis chemistry, making it more user-friendly compared with previous single-molecule sequencing platforms for clinical use. Using the GenoCare platform, we sequenced an Escherichia coli standard sample and achieved a consensus accuracy exceeding 99.99%. We also evaluated the sequencing performance of this platform in microbial mixtures and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) samples from throat swabs. Our findings indicate that the GenoCare platform allows for microbial quantitation, sensitive identification of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, and accurate detection of virus mutations, as confirmed by Sanger sequencing, demonstrating its remarkable potential in clinical application.
An Inverse Spectral Problem for Non-Self-Adjoint Jacobi Matrices
Authors: Pushnitski Alexander , Štampach František 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We consider the class of bounded symmetric Jacobi matrices $J$ with positive off-diagonal elements and complex diagonal elements. With each matrix $J$ from this class, we associate the spectral data, which consists of a pair $(\nu ,\psi )$. Here $\nu $ is the spectral measure of $|J|=\sqrt {J^{*}J}$ and $\psi $ is a phase function on the real line satisfying $|\psi |\leq 1$ almost everywhere with respect to the measure $\nu $. Our main result is that the map from $J$ to the pair $(\nu ,\psi )$ is a bijection between our class of Jacobi matrices and the set of all spectral data.
Stability Analysis of Two-Dimensional Ideal Flows With Applications to Viscous Fluids and Plasmas
Authors: Arsénio Diogo , Houamed Haroune 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We are interested in the stability analysis of two-dimensional incompressible inviscid fluids. Specifically, we revisit a known recent result on the stability of Yudovich’s solutions to the incompressible Euler equations in $L^{\infty }([0,T];H^{1})$ by providing a new approach to its proof based on the idea of compactness extrapolation and by extending it to the whole plane. This new method of proof is robust and, when applied to viscous models, leads to a remarkable logarithmic improvement on the rate of convergence in the vanishing viscosity limit of two-dimensional fluids. Loosely speaking, this logarithmic gain is the result of the fact that, in appropriate high-regularity settings, the smoothness of solutions to the Euler equations at times $t\in [0,T)$ is strictly higher than their regularity at time $t=T$. This “memory effect” seems to be a general principle that is not exclusive to fluid mechanics. It is therefore likely to be observed in other setting and deserves further investigation. Finally, we also apply the stability results on Euler systems to the study of two-dimensional ideal plasmas and establish their convergence, in strong topologies, to solutions of magnetohydrodynamic systems, when the speed of light tends to infinity. The crux of this asymptotic analysis relies on a fine understanding of Maxwell’s system.
Single-Cell Profiling of the Differential In Vivo Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Among Lung Tissue Cell Subtypes at the Protein Level
Authors: Fotooh Abadi Leila , Sharma Madhav B , Kelesidis Theodoros 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The complexity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and its variants in lung cells can truly be characterized only at the tissue and protein levels among unique cell subtypes. However, in vivo data are limited due to lack of accessible human tissues. Using a transgenic mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection and flow cytometry, we provide in vivo novel insight at the protein level that the differential impact of SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan strain) and its B.1.617.2 (Delta) and BA.1 (Omicron) variants on lung may be attributed to differential patterns of viral protein levels among ciliated airway cells, alveolar types 1 and 2 cells, immune cells, and endothelial lung cells.
Vaccine-Boosted CCP Decreases Virus Replication and Hastens Resolution of Infection Despite Transiently Enhancing Disease in SARS-CoV-2–Infected Hamsters
Authors: Carroll Timothy D , Wong Talia , Morris Mary Kate , Di Germanio Clara , Ma Zhong-min , Stone Mars , Ball Erin , Fritts Linda , Rustagi Arjun , Simmons Graham , Busch Michael , Miller Christopher J 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Definitive data demonstrating the utility of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent plasma (CCP) for treating immunocompromised patients remains elusive. To better understand the mechanism of action of CCP, we studied viral replication and disease progression in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–infected hamsters treated with CCP obtained from recovered COVID-19 patients that were also vaccinated with an mRNA vaccine, hereafter referred to as Vaxplas. Vaxplas transiently enhanced disease severity and lung pathology in hamsters treated near peak viral replication due to immune complex and activated complement deposition in pulmonary endothelium, and recruitment of M1 proinflammatory macrophages into the lung parenchyma. However, aside from one report, transient enhanced disease has not been reported in CCP recipient patients, and the transient enhanced disease in Vaxplas hamsters may have been due to mismatched species IgG-FcR interactions, infusion timing, or other experimental factors. Despite transient disease enhancement, Vaxplas dramatically reduced virus replication in lungs and improved infection outcome in SARS-CoV-2–infected hamsters.
Activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam, imipenem/relebactam and ceftazidime/avibactam against clinical Gram-negative isolates—SMART United States 2019–21
Authors: Karlowsky James A , Lob Sibylle H , Bauer Karri A , Esterly John , Siddiqui Fakhar , Young Katherine , Motyl Mary R , Sahm Daniel F 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Ongoing national and international surveillance efforts are critical components of antimicrobial stewardship, resistance monitoring, and drug development programs. In this report, we summarize the results of ceftolozane/tazobactam, imipenem/relebactam, ceftazidime/avibactam and comparator agent testing against 10 509 Enterobacterales and 2524 Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected by USA clinical laboratories in 2019–21 as part of the SMART global surveillance programme.

Methods
MICs were determined by CLSI broth microdilution and interpreted using 2023 CLSI M100 breakpoints.

Results
Most Enterobacterales were ceftazidime/avibactam susceptible (&gt;99%), meropenem susceptible (99%) and ceftolozane/tazobactam susceptible (94%). Non-Morganellaceae Enterobacterales were also highly susceptible to imipenem/relebactam (99%). Ceftolozane/tazobactam inhibited 94% of Escherichia coli and 89% of Klebsiella pneumoniae with ceftriaxone non-susceptible/non-carbapenem-resistant phenotypes. Against P. aeruginosa, ceftolozane/tazobactam (97% susceptible) was more active than ceftazidime/avibactam (95%) and imipenem/relebactam (91%). MDR and difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) phenotypes were identified in 13% and 7% of P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively. Ceftolozane/tazobactam remained active against 78% of MDR P. aeruginosa (13% and 23% higher than ceftazidime/avibactam and imipenem/relebactam, respectively) and against 74% of DTR P. aeruginosa (24% and 37% higher than ceftazidime/avibactam and imipenem/relebactam, respectively). Length of hospital stay at the time of specimen collection, ward type and infection type resulted in percent susceptible value differences of &gt;5% across isolate demographic strata for some antimicrobial agent/pathogen combinations.

Conclusions
We conclude that in the USA, in 2019–21, carbapenem (meropenem) resistance remained uncommon in Enterobacterales and ceftolozane/tazobactam was more active than both ceftazidime/avibactam and imipenem/relebactam against P. aeruginosa.
Antifungal mechanism of rose, mustard, and their blended essential oils against Cladosporium allicinum isolated from Xinjiang naan and its storage application
Authors: Yuan Yu-Han , Lin Xiang-Na , Xu Xiao-Mei , Liu Ling-Xiao , Li Xing-Jiang , Liu Yun-Guo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aims
To reveal the inhibition mechanism of rose, mustard, and blended essential oils against Cladosporium allicinum isolated from Xinjiang naan, and investigate the effect of the three essential oils on oxidative damage and energy metabolism.

Methods and results
Rose and mustard essential oils significantly inhibited mycelial growth and spore viability in a dose-dependent relationship. After essential oil treatment, the cell membrane permeability was altered, and significant leakage of intracellular proteins and nucleic acids occurred. SEM observations further confirmed the disruption of cell structure. ROS, MDA, and SOD measurements indicated that essential oil treatment induced a redox imbalance in C. allicinum, leading to cell death. As for energy metabolism, essential oil treatment significantly reduced Na+K+-ATPase, Ca2+Mg2+-ATPase, MDH activity, and CA content, impairing metabolic functions. Finally, storage experiments showed that all three essential oils ensured better preservation of naan, with mustard essential oil having the best antifungal effect.

Conclusions
Rose and mustard essential oils and their blends can inhibit C. allicinum at multiple targets and pathways, destroying cell morphological structure and disrupting metabolic processes.
An economic evaluation of the expansion of electronic case reporting in an academic healthcare setting
Authors: Hartsell Joel , Wilson Fernando A , Shoaf Kimberley , Dunn Angela , Samore Matthew H , Staes Catherine Janes 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Determine the economic cost or benefit of expanding electronic case reporting (eCR) for 29 reportable conditions beyond the initial eCR implementation for COVID-19 at an academic health center.

Materials and methods
The return on investment (ROI) framework was used to quantify the economic impact of the expansion of eCR from the perspective of an academic health system over a 5-year time horizon. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess key factors such as personnel cost, inflation, and number of expanded conditions.

Results
The total implementation costs for the implementation year were estimated to be $5031.46. The 5-year ROI for the expansion of eCR for the 29 conditions is expected to be 142% (net present value of savings: $7166). Based on the annual ROI, estimates suggest that the savings from the expansion of eCR will cover implementation costs in approximately 4.8 years. All sensitivity analyses yielded a strong ROI for the expansion of eCR.

Discussion and conclusion
Our findings suggest a strong ROI for the expansion of eCR at UHealth, with the most significant cost savings observed implementing eCR for all reportable conditions. An early effort to ensure data quality is recommended to expedite the transition from parallel reporting to production to improve the ROI for healthcare organizations. This study demonstrates a positive ROI for the expansion of eCR to additional reportable conditions beyond COVID-19 in an academic health setting, such as UHealth. While this evaluation focuses on the 5-year time horizon, the potential benefit could extend further.
Investigation of a practical assessment index to capture the clinical presentation of cachexia in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Katsushima Utae , Hase Kimitaka , Fukushima Takuya , Kubo Takanari , Nakano Jiro , Ogushi Naoya , Okuno Yukiko , Kamisako Keisuke , Nakanishi Kentaro , Okazaki Yuta , Ikoma Tatsuki , Takeyasu Yuki , Yamanaka Yuta , Yoshioka Hiroshige , Imai Yoshie , Kurata Takayasu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
Cancer cachexia constitutes a poor prognostic factor in patients with lung cancer. However, the factors associated with cancer cachexia remain unclear. This study aimed to identify factors that influence cancer cachexia in patients with lung cancer.

Methods
In this retrospective observational study conducted at the Kansai Medical University, 76 patients with lung cancer were evaluated for physical function, nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form) and physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form) at the first visit to the rehabilitation outpatient clinic. The patients were divided into cachexia and noncachexia groups. The log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards model were used to investigate the relationship between cachexia and prognosis. To examine the factors that influence cachexia, multivariate regression analysis with significant (P &lt; 0.05) variables in the univariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Spearman’s correlation analysis was performed to investigate the association between International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form and performance status.

Results
Overall, 42 patients (55.2%) had cachexia associated with survival time since their first visit to the outpatient rehabilitation clinic, even after confounders adjustment (hazard ratio: 3.24, 95% confidence interval: 1.12–9.45, P = 0.031). In the multivariate analysis, Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (odds ratio: 20.34, 95% confidence interval: 4.18–99.02, P &lt; 0.001) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (odds ratio: 4.63, 95% confidence interval: 1.20–17.89, P = 0.026) were identified as independent factors for cachexia. There was no correlation between International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form and performance status (r = 0.155, P = 0.181).

Conclusion
Malnutrition and low physical activity were associated with cachexia in patients with lung cancer. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form may be a useful indicator of physical activity in cachexia. Regularly assessing these factors and identifying suitable interventions for cachexia remain challenges to be addressed in the future.
Unveiling the Inner Structure of Micrometric Hollow Polymeric Fibers Using Synchrotron X-Ray Nanotomography
Authors: Torre Jorge , Cimavilla-Román Paula , Cuadra-Rodríguez Daniel , Rodríguez-Pérez Miguel Ángel , Guttmann Peter , Werner Stephan , Pinto Javier , Barroso-Solares Suset 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, a novel application of synchrotron X-ray nanotomography based on high-resolution full-field transmission X-ray microscopy for characterizing the structure and morphology of micrometric hollow polymeric fibers is presented. By employing postimage analysis using an open-source software such as Tomviz and ImageJ, various key parameters in fiber morphology, including diameter, wall thickness, wall thickness distribution, pore size, porosity, and surface roughness, were assessed. Electrospun polycaprolactone fibers with micrometric diameters and submicrometric features with induced porosity via gas dissolution foaming were used to this aim. The acquired synchrotron X-ray nanotomography data were analyzed using two approaches: 3D tomographic reconstruction and 2D radiographic projection-based analysis. The results of the combination of both approaches demonstrate unique capabilities of this technique, not achievable by other available techniques, allowing for a full characterization of the internal and external morphology and structure of the fibers as well as to obtain valuable qualitative insights into the overall fiber structure.
Gaia GraL: Gaia DR2 gravitational lens systems – VIII. A radio census of lensed systems
Authors: Dobie Dougal , Sluse Dominique , Deller Adam , Murphy Tara , Krone-Martins Alberto , Stern Daniel , Wang Ziteng , Wang Yuanming , Bœhm Céline , Djorgovski S G , Galluccio Laurent , Delchambre Ludovic , Connor Thomas , den Brok Jakob Sebastiaan , Do Vale Cunha Pedro H , Ducourant Christine , Graham Matthew J , Jalan Priyanka , Klioner Sergei A , Klüter Jonas , Mignard François , Negi Vibhore , Petit Quentin , Scarano Sergio , Slezak Eric , Surdej Jean , Teixeira Ramachrisna , Walton Dominic J , Wambsganss Joachim 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
We present radio observations of 24 confirmed and candidate strongly lensed quasars identified by the Gaia Gravitational Lenses working group. We detect radio emission from eight systems in 5.5 and 9 GHz observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), and 12 systems in 6 GHz observations with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). The resolution of our ATCA observations is insufficient to resolve the radio emission into multiple lensed images, but we do detect multiple images from 11 VLA targets. We have analysed these systems using our observations in conjunction with existing optical measurements, including measuring offsets between the radio and optical positions for each image and building updated lens models. These observations significantly expand the existing sample of lensed radio quasars, suggest that most lensed systems are detectable at radio wavelengths with targeted observations, and demonstrate the feasibility of population studies with high-resolution radio imaging.