bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ALIGNED MULTITHREADED COMPUTATIONS AND THEIR SCHEDULING WITH PERFORMANCE GUARANTEES
Authors: YONG XIE , WEN-JING HSU 
Published: November 2003

This paper considers the problem of scheduling dynamic parallel computations to achieve linear speedup without using significantly more space per processor than that required for a single processor execution. Earlier research in the Cilk project proposed the "strict" computational model, in which every dependency goes from a thread x only to one of x's ancestor threads, and guaranteed both linear speedup and linear expansion of space. However, Cilk threads are stateless, and the task graph that Cilk language expresses is series-parallel graph, which is a proper subset of arbitrary task graph. Moreover, Cilk does not support applications with pipelining. We propose the "aligned" multithreaded computational model, which extends the "strict" computational model in Cilk. In the aligned multithreaded computational model, dependencies can go from arbitrary thread x not only to x's ancestor threads, but also to x's younger brother threads, that are spawned by x's parent thread but after x. We use the same measures of time and space as those used in Cilk: T1 is the time required for executing the computation on 1 processor, T∞ is the time required by an infinite number of processors, and S1 is the space required to execute the computation on 1 processor. We show that for any aligned computation, there exists an execution schedule that achieves both efficient time and efficient space. Specifically, we show that for an execution of any aligned multithreaded computation on P processors, the time required is bounded by O(T1/P + T∞), and the space required can be loosely bounded by O(λ·S1P), where λ is the maximum number of younger brother threads that have the same parent thread and can be blocked during execution. If we assume that λ is a constant, and the space requirements for elder and younger brother threads are the same, then the space required would be bounded by O(S1P). Based on the aligned multithreaded computational model, we show that the aligned multithreaded computational model supports pipelined applications. Furthermore, we propose a multithreaded programming language and show that it can express arbitrary task graph.
LLC: A PARALLEL SKELETAL LANGUAGE
Authors: DORTA ANTONIO J. , GONZÁLEZ JESÚS A. , RODRÍGUEZ CASIANO , DE SANDE FRANCISCO 
Published: November 2003

The skeletal approach to the development of parallel applications has been revealed to be one of the most successful and has been widely explored in the recent years. The goal of this approach is to develop a methodology of parallel programming based on a restricted set of parallel constructs. This paper presents llc, a parallel skeletal language, the theoretical model that gives support to the language and a prototype implementation for its compiler. The language is based on directives, uses a C-like syntax and gives support to the most widely used skeletal constructs. llCoMP is a source to source compiler for the language built on top of MPI. We evaluate the performance of our prototype compiler using four different parallel architectures and three algorithms. We present the results obtained in both shared and distributed memory architectures. Our model guarantees the portability of the language to any platform and its simplicity greatly eases its implementation.
TRADE-OFFS BETWEEN LOAD AND DEGREE IN VIRTUAL PATH LAYOUTS
Authors: DESSMARK ANDERS , LINGAS ANDRZEJ , PELC ANDRZEJ 
Published: November 2003

We study virtual path layouts in ATM networks. Packets are routed along virtual paths in the network by maintaining a routing field whose subfields determine intermediate destinations of the packet, i.e., the endpoints of virtual paths on its way to the final destination. Most of the research on virtual path layouts has focused on tradeoffs between load (i.e., the maximum number of virtual paths passing through a link) and the hop number of the layout (i.e., the maximum number of virtual paths needed to travel between any two nodes). There is however another important limitation on construction of layouts, resulting from technological properties of switches situated at nodes. This bound is the degree of the layout (i.e., the maximum number of virtual paths with a common endpoint). In this paper we study relations between these three parameters of virtual path layouts, for the all-to-all problem. For any integer h, we show tradeoffs between load and degree of h-hop layouts in the ring and in the mesh by establishing upper and lower bounds on these parameters. Our bounds on the degree of an h-hop layout of given load are asymptotically tight and the bounds on the load of an h-hop layout of given degree are asymptotically tight for constant h.
HOMOCLINIC BRANCH SWITCHING: A NUMERICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF LIN'S METHOD
Authors: OLDEMAN BART E. , CHAMPNEYS ALAN R. , KRAUSKOPF BERND 
Published: December 2003

We present a numerical method for branch switching between homoclinic orbits to equilibria of ODEs computed via numerical continuation. Starting from a 1-homoclinic orbit our method allows us to find and follow an N-homoclinic orbit, for any N>1 (if it exists nearby). This scheme is based on Lin's method and it is robust and reliable. The method is implemented in AUTO/HOMCONT. A system of ordinary differential equations introduced by Sandstede featuring inclination and orbit flip bifurcations and homoclinic-doubling cascades, is used as a test bed for the algorithm. It is also successfully applied to reliably find multihump traveling wave solutions in the FitzHugh–Nagumo nerve-axon equations and in a fourth-order Hamiltonian system arising as a model for water waves.
Diagnostic performance of complete lower limb venous ultrasound in patients with clinically suspected acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Colombier Daniel , Victor Gérard , Elias Marie , Arnaud Catherine , Juchet Henri , Ducassé Jean-Louis , Didier Alain , Colin Cyrille , Rousseau Hervé , Nguyen Françoise , Joffre Francis , Elias Antoine 
Published: December 2003

SummaryA limited ultrasound (US) confined to the popliteal and femoral veins is usually performed to detect deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with clinically suspected acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Our objective was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of complete lower limb US examining both the proximal and distal veins in this setting. In this prospective study, 210 consecutive patients were included. Complete US was performed by independent operators and compared blindly with a reference strategy combining clinical probability, ventilation perfusion scan and pulmonary angiography to a three-month clinical follow-up. Simultaneously,VIDAS D-dimer (DD) assay and helical computed tomography (HCT) of the lungs were assessed independently and blindly. PE was present in 74 patients (35%). Complete US detected DVT in 91 patients (43%), proximal in 51 and distal in 40. Sensitivity and specificity with a 0.95 confidence interval were respectively 0.93 [0.85 – 0.97] and 0.84 [0.77 – 0.89]. Limited US detected DVT in only 46 patients (22%). Sensitivity and specificity were respectively 0.55 [0.44 – 0.66] and 0.96 [0.92 – 0.98]. For DD they were 0.92 [0.83 – 0.96] and 0.24 [0.17 – 0.32] and for HCT 0.84 [0.73 – 0.90] and 0.87 [0.80 – 0.92]. Complete lower limb US has higher sensitivity and capacity to exclude PE than limited US, but a slightly lower specificity. Complete US results also compared favourably with those of HCT and DD.The utility of including this method in diagnostic strategies for PE needs to be assessed in cost-effectiveness analysis and in outcome studies.
Low-dose warfarin in atrial fibrillation leads to more thromboembolic events without reducing major bleeding when compared to adjusted-dose
Authors: Perret-Guillaume Christine , Wahl Denis 
Published: December 2003

SummaryThe use of warfarin with a range INR of 2.0-3.0 is recommended in prevention of stroke for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, in particular those older than 75 years. The risk of bleeding that is associated with this range of INR has led to evaluate lower ranges (low-dose or fixed minidose) in terms of risks and benefits. A meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials evaluating ‘low-intensity’ ‘minidose’ or ‘low-dose anticoagulant’ treatment for prevention of thromboembolic events in AF was conducted by two independent reviewers. Study quality was evaluated in a blinded fashion. Four original studies were retrieved. Outcome events were determined in various treatment groups: ischemic stroke, systemic embolism, thromboses (ischemic stroke, systemic embolism or myocardial infarction), vascular death, major hemorrhage and hemorrhagic death. Results obtained with a random effects model were expressed as a common relative risk. Adjusted-dose warfarin compared with lower dose warfarin (INR ≤1.6) in 2108 randomised patients significantly reduced the risk of any thrombosis: Relative risk (RR): 0.50 (95% CI; 0.25 to 0.97).The RR was 0.46 (95%CI ; 0.2 to 1.07) for ischemic stroke. Inversely lower dose did not statistically decrease the risk for major hemorrhage compared to adjusted-dose: RR adjusted-dose vs lower dose: 1.23 (95% CI ; 0.67-2.27). The RR was 0.97 (95 % CI 0.27-3.54) for hemorrhagic death. Our meta-analysis showed that adjusted-dose compared with low-dose or minidose warfarin therapy (INR ≤1.6) was more effective to prevent ischemic thromboembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Silencing of the p18INK4c gene by promoter hypermethylation in Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin lymphomas
Authors: Sánchez-Aguilera Abel , Delgado Julio , Camacho Francisca I. , Sánchez-Beato Margarita , Sánchez Lydia , Montalbán Carlos , Fresno Manuel F. , Martín Carmen , Piris Miguel A. , García Juan F. 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
p18INK4c is a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that interferes with the Rb-kinase activity of CDK6/CDK4. Disruption of p18INK4c in mice impairs B-cell terminal differentiation and confers increased susceptibility to tumor development; however, alterations of p18INK4c in human tumors have rarely been described. We used a tissue-microarray approach to analyze p18INK4c expression in 316 Hodgkin lymphomas (HLs). Nearly half of the HL cases showed absence of p18INK4c protein expression by Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells, in contrast with the regular expression of p18INK4c in normal germinal center cells. To investigate the cause of p18INK4c repression in RS cells, the methylation status of the p18INK4c promoter was analyzed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bisulfite sequencing. Hypermethylation of the p18INK4c promoter was detected in 2 of 4 HL-derived cell lines, but in none of 7 non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)–derived cell lines. We also detected p18INK4c hypermethylation, associated with absence of protein expression, in 5 of 26 HL tumors. The correlation of p18INK4c immunostaining with the follow-up of the patients showed shorter overall survival in negative cases, independent of the International Prognostic Score. These findings suggest that p18INK4c may function as a tumor suppressor gene in HL, and its inactivation may contribute to the cell cycle deregulation and defective terminal differentiation characteristic of the RS cells.
Differential proteome analysis of TRAP-activated platelets: involvement of DOK-2 and phosphorylation of RGS proteins
Authors: García Angel , Prabhakar Sripadi , Hughan Sascha , Anderson Tom W. , Brock Chris J. , Pearce Andrew C. , Dwek Raymond A. , Watson Steve P. , Hebestreit Holger F. , Zitzmann Nicole 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
We have applied a proteomics approach to analyze signaling cascades in human platelets stimulated by thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP). By analyzing basal and TRAP-activated platelets using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), we detected 62 differentially regulated protein features. From these, 41 could be identified by liquid chromatography–coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and were found to derive from 31 different genes, 8 of which had not previously been reported in platelets, including the adapter downstream of tyrosine kinase 2 (Dok-2). Further studies revealed that the change in mobility of Dok-2 was brought about by tyrosine phosphorylation. Dok-2 tyrosine phosphorylation was also found to be involved in collagen receptor, glycoprotein VI (GPVI), signaling as well as in outside-in signaling through the major platelet integrin, αIIbβ3. These studies also provided the first demonstration of posttranslational modification of 2 regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins, RGS10 and 18. Phosphorylation of RGS18 was mapped to Ser49 by MS/MS analysis. This study provides a new approach for the identification of novel signaling molecules in activated platelets, providing new insights into the mechanisms of platelet activation and building the basis for the development of therapeutic agents for thrombotic diseases.
Molecular response to imatinib in late chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Rosti Gianantonio , Martinelli Giovanni , Bassi Simona , Amabile Marilina , Trabacchi Elena , Giannini Barbara , Cilloni Daniela , Izzo Barbara , De Vivo Antonio , Testoni Nicoletta , Cambrin Giovanna Rege , Bonifazi Francesca , Soverini Simona , Luatti Simona , Gottardi Enrico , Alberti Daniele , Pane Fabrizio , Salvatore Francesco , Saglio Giuseppe , Baccarani Michele ,   the Study and Writing Committee of the Italian Cooperative Study Group [ICSG] on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Imatinib is a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor that binds to ABL proteins and induces cytogenetic remissions in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In these patients measuring response by molecular techniques is clearly required. We determined the cytogenetic and molecular response (CgR, MR) to imatinib in 191 patients with late chronic-phase Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) CML, previously treated with interferon α. MR was assessed with real-time quantitative (TaqMan) reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and was expressed as the ratio between BCR/ABL and β2-microglobulin × 100, the lowest level of detectability of the method being 0.00001. A complete CgR (CCgR) was achieved in 85 (44%) of 191 patients and was maintained for 2 years in 67 (79%) of 85 patients. A reduction of the transcript level of more than 2 logs was achieved in all but 9 patients with CCgR versus none of 23 with partial CgR. In the CCgRs the median value of the MR was 0.0008 after 12 months and 0.0001 after 24 months, with the transcript level undetectable in 22 cases. We conclude that in CCgRs the degree of MR may vary from 2 to more than 4 logs, and that there is a progressive decrease of transcript level by time. Only 1 of 22 negative cases has had a relapse as yet.
Interruption of the NF-κB pathway by Bay 11-7082 promotes UCN-01-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in human multiple myeloma cells
Authors: Dai Yun , Pei Xin-Yan , Rahmani Mohamed , Conrad Daniel H. , Dent Paul , Grant Steven 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Interactions between pharmacologic NF-κB inhibitors (eg, Bay 11-7082, SN-50) and the checkpoint abrogator UCN-01 have been examined in human multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Exposure of U266 cells to Bay 11-7082 (Bay) in combination with UCN-01 resulted in the abrogation of NF-κB/DNA binding activity and the synergistic induction of apoptosis. Comparable synergism was observed in other MM cell lines and patient-derived CD138+ cells and between an inhibitory peptide of NF-κB (SN50) and UCN-01. Bay/UCN-01-mediated lethality involved mitochondrial dysfunction, caspase cleavage, and poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) degradation. Although Bay modestly blocked UCN-01-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, coadministration activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and cdc2/cdk1 and down-regulated Mcl-1, XIAP, and Bcl-xL. Transfection with a constitutively activated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1)/green fluorescent protein (GFP) construct failed to block apoptosis induced by Bay/UCN-01 but significantly attenuated MEK inhibitor (U0126)/UCN-01-induced lethality. Inhibiting JNK activation with SP600125 or D-JNKI1 peptide markedly reduced Bay/UCN-01-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis and the down-regulation of Mcl-1, XIAP, and Bcl-xL but not of cdc2/cdk1 activation. Stable transfection of cells with dominant-negative caspase-9 dramatically diminished Bay/UCN-01 lethality without altering JNK or cdc2/cdk1 activation. Neither interleukin-6 (IL-6)- nor fibronectin-mediated adherence conferred resistance to Bay/UCN-01-induced apoptosis. Together, these findings suggest that a strategy combining UCN-01 with disruption of the IκB kinase (IKK)/IκB/NF-κB pathway warrants attention in MM. (Blood. 2004;103:2761-2770)
Treating psychological symptoms in sexually abused children
Authors: Ramchandani Paul , Jones David P. H. 
Published: December 2003

BackgroundThe experience of having been sexually abused is associated with a wide range of psychiatric symptoms and difficulties, and these problems can persist over years. The psychological treatment of children who have experienced sexual abuse has only recently begun to be systematically investigated. An increasing number of robust studies have been conducted.AimsTo review systematically the available evidence from randomised controlled trials of psychological treatments for children who have been sexually abused, and to consider the place of these treatments in a multi-disciplinary service.MethodA systematic search of the available research was undertaken. Included trials were critically appraised and the results considered.ResultsTwelve studies were included in the review. The best evidence of efficacy for improving psychological symptoms in these children was found for cognitive–behavioural therapy, particularly for young children.ConclusionsEfficacious treatments exist to improve psychological symptoms in children who have experienced sexual abuse. Consideration is given to the place of these treatments within the response of a multi-disciplinary service.
Biochemical terrorism: Too awful to contemplate, too serious to ignore
Authors: Alexander David Alan , Klein Susan 
Published: December 2003

BackgroundIt is important not to foster unnecessary public anxiety with regard to the risk of a biochemical terrorist incident, but the authorities need to consider their response strategy, particularly with regard to mental health issues.AimsTo describe the likely effects of a terrorist incident involving biochemical agents and to identify important response issues.MethodLiterature survey.ResultsObservations following conventional terrorist incidents and other major trauma, including biochemical and nuclear accidents, suggest that a biochemical terrorist incident would have widespread public effects. The mental health services should play a major role in designing an effective multi-disciplinary response, particularly with regard to the reduction of public anxiety, identifying at-risk individuals and collaborating with medical and emergency services, as well as providing care for those who develop post-traumatic psychopathology.ConclusionsWe should not feel helpless in the face of a biochemical threat; there is considerable knowledge and experience to be tapped. Awell-designed, well-coordinated and rehearsed strategy based on empirical evidence will do much to reduce public anxiety and increase professional confidence.
Diet, smoking and cardiovascular risk in people with schizophrenia
Authors: McCreadie R. G. ,   Scottish Schizophrenia Lifestyle Group
Published: December 2003

BackgroundPhysical health of people with schizophrenia is poor and they die early from cardiovascular disease.AimsTo describe the lifestyle of people with schizophrenia through diet, smoking habits, weight and exercise, and to report risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).MethodDietary habits of 102 community-dwelling people with schizophrenia were assessed by the Scottish Health Survey Questionnaire. Also assessed were smoking habits, physical activity biochemical indices of nutrition and future risk of CHD.ResultsFewer males, compared with the general population, reached acceptable levels for consumption of fruit, vegetables, milk, potatoes and pulses. Fewer females reached the levels for consumption of milk and potatoes. Mean number of fruit and vegetable portions consumed per week was 16 (s.d.=14); 71 (70%) were smokers; 25 (86%) females and 50 (70%) males were overweight or obese; 59 (59%) considered themselves physically active; 46 (53%) had a raised cholesterol: high-density lipoprotein ratio, and 64 (74%) a low α-tocopherol: cholesterol ratio. Mean 10-year risk of CHD in males was 10.5% (s.d.=8) and in females 7% (s.d.=6).ConclusionsThe lifestyle of people with schizophrenia must give cause for concern in relation to CHD Care from secondary care services must address physical as well as mental health.
Mental health services for war-affected children
Authors: Jones Lynne , Rrustemi Alban , Shahini Mimoza , Uka Aferdita 
Published: December 2003

BackgroundIn war-affected societies it is assumed that the major mental health problem facing the population will be stress reactions.AimsTo describe the creation of a child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS) in Kosovo after the military conflict ended in 1999, and to establish the range of problems and diagnoses that presented.MethodData were collected on 559 patients over 2 years, including their referring problems and diagnoses.ResultsStress-related disorders constituted only a fifth of the case-load in year 1. A substantial number of patients were symptom-free but attended because they had been exposed to atraumatic event, and believed it might make them ill. Non-organic enuresis and learning disability were the most common diagnoses in year 2. Many patients had a complex mix of social and psychological difficulties that did not fit conventional diagnostic categories.ConclusionsMental health services that only address traumatic stress may fail to meet the needs of war-affected children. A comprehensive, culturally appropriate CAMHS is needed to address a wide range of problems including learning disability. It should be developed through local actors, and build on existing local infrastructure. Services can also have an educational role in ‘depathologising’ normative responses.
Mental health and quality of life of gay men and lesbians in England and Wales
Authors: King Michael , McKeown Eamonn , Warner James , Ramsay Angus , Johnson Katherine , Cort Clive , Wright Lucie , Blizard Robert , Davidson Oliver 
Published: December 2003

BackgroundLittle is known about the mental health of gay men and lesbians living in Europe.AimsTo compare psychological status, quality of life and use of mental health services by lesbians and gay men with heterosexual people.MethodCross-sectional study in England and Wales using ‘snowball’ sampling.ResultsParticipants: 656 gay men, 505 heterosexual men, 430 lesbians and 588 heterosexual women. Gay men were more likely than heterosexual men to score above threshold on the Clinical Interview Schedule, indicating greater levels of psychological distress (RR 1.24, 95% Cl 1.07–1.43), as were lesbians compared with heterosexual women (RR 1.30, 95% Cl 1.11-1.52). Gay men and lesbians were more likely than heterosexuals to have consulted a mental health professional in the past, deliberately harmed themselves and used recreational drugs. Lesbians were more likely to have experienced verbal and physical intimidation and to consume more alcohol than heterosexual women.ConclusionsAwareness of mental health issues for gay men and lesbians should become a standard part of training for mental health professionals, who need to be aware of the potential for substance misuse and self-harm in this group and of the discrimination experienced by many lesbians.