bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Idea of Rome
Authors: Drake H. A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In popular entertainment, Rome is remembered for persecutions, gladiators, and sexual high-jinks. Clashes with the new religion of Christianity began as early as 64 ce, when the emperor Nero blamed them for a fire that all but destroyed the city. But empire-wide persecution did not start for almost two more centuries, and no sooner had the worst of these—Diocletian’s Great Persecution that lasted from 303 to 313—ended than the emperor Constantine (306–37) himself converted, opening the door for the eventual growth of a Christian empire. Yet for all its faults, the Roman empire continues to be the gold standard for a durable world state. The reason can be traced to a principle of accountability that the great orator Cicero used to convict a corrupt governor, and even more to the poet Virgil (70–19 bce). whose epic poem the Aeneid established “Generosity to the conquered, and firmness against aggressors” as Rome’s imperial duty. When the Antonine Constitution of 212 ce made everyone in the empire a citizen, it symbolized the completion of a process of inclusion that began a thousand years earlier. This “idea of Rome” outlived the fall of the empire.
Introduction
Authors: Kurien Prema A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The introduction provides an overview of Indian Americans and their rising political profile, particularly the 2007 U.S.-India nuclear deal and the importance of Indian American lobbying in getting the legislation passed through the U.S. Congress. It points to the unique nature of Indian American patterns of activism with multiple types of advocacy organizations mobilizing around various identities and goals which do not follow the model of other powerful American ethnic groups. It then presents and overview of the literature and the theoretical frameworks dealing with the mobilization of ethnic groups in Western countries, locating the Indian American case within this literature. A background to Indian Americans and the methodology of the research follows. The chapter ends with the plan of the book.
Enacting Transnational Citizenship
Authors: Kurien Prema A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 5 examines how majority and minority religious status in the homeland affects the foreign policy activism of immigrant organizations. Hindu American organizations have generally explicitly or implicitly supported a Hindu-centric perspective, while Muslim, Sikh, and Christian Indian American organizations have rallied to publicize attacks on their communities by Hindu groups and the state in India, to seek U.S. intervention and support. The chapter looks at four examples of mobilization around India-based issues that demonstrate a fundamental divergence in the goals of organizations supporting the interests of Hindu Americans (and even some ostensibly secular Indian American organizations), the dominant religious group in India, and those representing minority Indian religious groups (Muslim, Sikh, Christian, and Ambedkarite). The examples include mobilization around the status of religious minorities in India; caste discrimination, particularly the position of Dalits; and the political situation in Punjab and in Kashmir.
Nato’s Special Operations Forces Strategic Utility for Strategic Competition
Authors: Schwarzbauer Matthias , Tuinman Joost 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the context of the changing paradigm from the “War on Terror” to strategic competition with near-peer rivals and state actors Western Special Operations Forces (SOF) must (re)consider refining their mission sets and unique offerings to political and military leaders. Schwarzbauer & Tuinman discuss the strategic utility of SOF from an Alliance perspective. They introduce an analytic tool, the “StrategicSupport Framework,” to assist NATO in pursuing more and better strategic utility out of its SOF. The proposed framework suggests that NATO’s SOF can, and likely will, provide strategic utility for NATO in a strategic competition environment, albeit in changing manifestations in different phases of the conflict continuum. SOF expands the strategic options available to political and military leaders—expansion of choice—to anticipate and respond, especially in the early stage of a crisis below the threshold of armedconflict. SOF also achieve significant results with limited forces—economy of force—when conventional formations are not available or capable. It is not about what SOF can and should do; the heart of the matter is what makes the strategic difference that defines the future of SOF for NATO and its Allies.
The Rise of China and the Consequences for Special Operations
Authors: Kilcullen David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines the strategic utility of Western Special Operations Forces (SOF) in the context of a rising China. Today’s threat environment is characterized by heightened Sino-American tension, currently sitting below the threshold of open conflict, alongside a broader pattern of Great Power competition (GPC) between an alignment of like-minded democratic states and autocracies, including China, Russia, Iran, North Korea, and their partners and proxies. To be strategically useful, SOF must therefore cover a range of tasks across GPC and Irregular Warfare (IW), against states and non-state actors, in multiple domains and campaign phases, at all points on a competition continuum, and in an increasingly unforgiving technological setting.This chapter first examines the rise of Chinese SOF and the emerging approach to IW and Unrestricted Warfare (URW) of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), including potential use of PLA SOF against the democracies as part of GPC. With this as context, the second section examines western SOF tasks before, during and after a hypothetical conflict involving China. Finally, the chapter offers considerations for employment of Western SOF in this environment.
From Counterterrorism to Great Power Competition
Authors: Brust Bas , Kitzen Martijn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
After almost thirty years of so-called low-intensity conflicts—including more than two decades of Global War on Terror (GWoT)—, today’s security environment is dominated by a new era of Great Power competition (GPC). In principle GPC refers to all forms of competition “under the threshold of full armed conflict” between the great powers. This means that there are limited conflicts with each other, or conflicts in which “only” one of the great powers is involved, such as Russia being at war with Ukraine. Very many countries realize that they cannot rest on their laurels in the shadowy area of the GPC and must act proactively in this situation, but are struggling with how to do so and under what mandate. However, these countries are convinced that SOF in particular should be designated for this purpose. Chapter 7 uses a model developed specifically for this occasion to elaborate on what the utility and roles of SOF—from mainly Western countries—should be. The model provides insight and tangible advice for strategic leadership and guidance for operational commanders.
Introduction
Authors: Gustafson Thane 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Perfect Storm tells the story of Russia’s failed opening to the West between 1992 and 2022. Unlike the geopolitical story, on which there is already a large literature, this book focuses on its socioeconomic and technological dimensions, which have received much less attention. Yet they are equally essential to an understanding of what happened. Russia’s failed opening was nothing less than a confrontation between two civilizations--a decayed Soviet system isolated from the West for nearly a century, and a triumphant West at the height of its self-confident belief in the power of liberal markets and globalization. The result was a clash of beliefs and expectations, which soon produced misunderstanding and resentment in both Russia and the West, and provided fuel for Putin’s increasingly anti-Western narrative.
Germany and Namibia
Authors: Melber Henning 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In 2015 the German government admitted that the atrocities committed in German South West Africa were genocide. The colonial warfare and its lasting consequences for the descendants of the most affected indigenous communities of the Ovaherero and Nama are summarized. The bilateral negotiations between the German and Namibian government since 2015, resulting in an initialed Joint Declaration in 2021 and subject to further negotiations since then are critically analyzed, pointing at the lack of convincing atonement and remorse. It is argued that from the perspective of the main agencies of the descendant communities, this falls short of meaningful efforts to reconcile. While the return of human remains and looted cultural artefacts mark some progress, the applied notions of the intertemporal principle and the refusal to pay reparations are challenged as a form of neocolonial double standards in contradiction to the willingness of German compensation for the Holocaust.
Time Series
Authors: Diggle Peter , Giorgi Emanuele 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This book is an introductory account of statistical methods for analysing time-series data, with a focus on the application of the methods to biomedical and population health research. In its simplest form, a time series is a single set of observations measured at equally spaced times. Extensions to this basic format that are particularly relevant in biomedical and population health settings include measurements at irregularly spaced times and independently replicated time series, also called longitudinal or repeated measurement data. The book starts by presenting a set of examples that we use in later chapters to show how the methods can be used to answer specific research questions. Later chapters cover simple descriptive methods for the display and exploratory analysis of time series data without any specific research objective; methods for discrete-time, continuous-time, and replicated time series; and spectral analysis and bivariate time series analysis. Three appendices summarize mathematical and statistical prerequisites. We have aimed to write a book that can be used either as a textbook for a masters-level course in biostatistics or as a manual for applied statisticians and epidemiologists.
Continuous-time linear models for unreplicated series
Authors: Diggle Peter J. , Giorgi Emanuele 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this chapter, we develop methods for the analysis of time-series data in a continuous-time setting. We argue that this is the natural framework for most life-sciences applications, especially when the data are obtained at unequally spaced measurement times. We introduce the Matérn class of correlation functions for stationary Gaussian processes, describe some other constructions for stationary or non-stationary processes, and present a conditional interpretation of the Matérn model that points to a method for analysing non-Gaussian data.
Bivariate time-series analysis
Authors: Diggle Peter J. , Giorgi Emanuele 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this chapter, we show how correlation analysis and spectral analysis can be applied to bivariate (and, by direct extension, multivariate) time series derived from Gaussian process models. We define the cross-correlogram and cross-spectrum and show how each of these can be used to explore lead–lag relationships between pairs of series.
Clause chaining in Eibela
Authors: Aiton Grant 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores the morphosyntactic and semantic features of clause chaining in Eibela, a Papuan language spoken in the Bosavi region of Western Province and Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. In Eibela, systems of switch-reference marking, topicalization, and relative tense coordinate to generate a large degree of cohesion within a clause chain. Particularly in Eibela, referent-tracking and event sequencing functions require an awareness of discourse pragmatics and inter-clausal relations, which are expressed by relative categories such as relative tense and switch-reference rather than absolute clause internal categories such as tense or verbal argument agreement morphology. Additionally, medial clauses in Eibela may be desubordinated in certain pragmatic contexts, including child-directed command strategies and the introduction of unexpected or non-topical referents.
Delineating typological categories
Authors: Marianne Mithun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter addresses Central Alaskan Yup’ik, a North American language indigenous to southeastern Alaska, which contains constructions resembling both the canonical and non-canonical clause chains described for Papuan languages. The canonical chains, which consist of one or more Subordinative mood clauses followed by an independent mood clause, often portray sequences of sub-events leading up to a final one. Non-canonical clause chains show an opposite order, with an independent mood clause followed by one or more Subordinative clauses. The functions of these constructions are slightly different, typically presenting an idea followed by some kind of elaboration. Both of these constructions have been extended from the domain of syntax into discourse, where Subordinative marking no longer indicates dependency of clauses within the sentence, but larger relationships of whole sentences to the discussion at hand.
Object-oriented switch-reference in Pano
Authors: Zariquiey Roberto , Valenzuela Pilar M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The label switch-reference has been used to refer to a widely-attested grammatical category whose principal function is to indicate co-reference relations among arguments of different clauses in discourse. Switch-reference is attested in languages of most regions of the world and is widespread in Amazonia, where Pano languages seem to exhibit some of the most complex switch-reference systems documented so far. This chapter explores switch-reference in Pano languages, focusing on what is called here ‘object-oriented switch-reference’ (i.e. a diverse range of switch-reference markers that encode co-reference relations based on the object argument of either any or both the marked and the controlling clause). After introducing the most important facts about switch-reference in Pano, the chapter discusses and illustrates the synchronic morphosyntactic and semantic properties of object-oriented switch-reference. It also provides some diachronic hypothesis about their origin and evolution, proving that this typologically uncommon type of switch-reference evolved from nominalizations.
Clause chaining in Adyghe (Northwest Caucasian)
Authors: Forker Diana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores clause chaining in Adyghe, a West Caucasian language. The major means of combining clauses into larger chains are the additive suffix, two general converbs, and two specialized converbs. Adyghe also has a number of conjunctions, but their use for the purpose of clause chaining is not very common. Morphosyntactically, the clause chaining constructions by means of the additive and the converbs exhibit properties of coordination and subordination, albeit to different degrees. In general, Adyghe does not clearly differentiate between verb forms that are mainly or exclusively used in main clause coordination (i.e. ‘finite’ verb form) and those that form subordinate clauses (‘non-finite’), which makes the analysis of clause chaining particularly challenging. In natural texts, clause chaining constructions are frequently used and mostly consist only of two or maximally three clauses of which the last clause is a main clause with a fully inflected verb form.
The development of clause chaining in Turkish
Authors: Aksu-Koç Ayhan , Ögel-Balaban Hale 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines Turkish-speaking children’s acquisition of clause chaining and the role of input in this process. Longitudinal recordings of three children between 1;6–3;0 years and their caregivers were analysed for frequency and function of converb clauses, and length of clause chains they form in child and child-directed speech. Children’s productions were aligned with the input, but with some temporal lag. Chains of children between 3;0–4;11 years were also two clauses long, but more frequent. Since neither children, their caregivers, nor adult narrators generated long chains composed of only converb clauses, clause chaining in modern Turkish may be said to involve long sentential units where multiple converb and other subordinate clause types are joined.
Clause chaining in Buryat (North Mongolic)
Authors: Skribnik Elena 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses the North Mongolic language Buryat, which has productive clause chaining, with a highly elaborated system of medial predicates based on about 20 converbs and ten participles/action nouns (the latter marked with case suffixes and able to be accompanied by postpositions and particles). Many medial predicate types have inherent same-subject characteristics, but the majority are switch-reference neutral and rely on additional markers, traditionally called the ‘possessive suffixes’, to assist with referent tracking. Here, the unchanging reflexive suffix indicates same-subject and the set of personal possessive suffixes, which index subject person and number, indicate different-subject. Summary bridging linkage is provided by two pronominal verbs, the proximal ii(ge)- ‘to do/act like this’ and the distal tii(ge)- ‘to do/act like that’, in one of the medial forms; some of the medial forms of these verbs are grammaticalized as conjunctions.
Clause chains and intonation units in Japanese narratives
Authors: Clancy Patricia M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The structure and functions of intonation units (IUs), clauses, and clause chains in Japanese are analysed in the narratives of 45 children and 10 adults. Defined as stretches of speech under a single intonation contour, IUs serve propositional and/or staging functions. Staging IUs hold the floor and set the scene for propositional IUs, which bear the primary burden of narration. Clauses consisting of multiple IUs, which children use more frequently than adults, ease the narrator’s cognitive load by allowing more time for challenging tasks, such as breaking down syntactically complex constituents and increasing the number of overt arguments a clause can accommodate. The two types of clause-linking in Japanese, nonfinite (connective suffixes) and finite (tensed verbs plus connectives), are used to construct clause chains that differ in size, frequency, and function. By combining IUs into clauses and clauses into chains, narrators create a complex functional architecture of chains within chains.
Summary of ‘Early awareness of Alzheimer’s disease: a neurologist’s personal perspective’ *
Authors: Gibbs D. M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter brings together 17 narratives from those having to deal with dementia. Article 1 features a professor recounting early Alzheimer's symptoms. Article 2 discusses a GP's Alzheimer's and heart problems. Articles 3 and 4 include a neurologist's observations and reflections related to his Alzheimer's Disease. Articles 5 and 6 describe a neurologist's Parkinson's Disease (PD). Article 7 details a professor's fluctuating Parkinson's symptoms, whilst Article 8 shares a surgeon's PD experiences and effective treatment. Articles 9 and 10 see a doctor reflecting on early PD symptoms and patient-inspired insights. Article 11 provides a physician's insights on his PD's daily life impact. Article 12 by a physician, discusses PD, Lewy Body Dementia, and its effect on his identity. Article 13 narrates a neurologist's Lewy Body Dementia encounter. Articles 14 and 15 present a hepatologist's PD and Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. Articles 16 and 17 discuss the experiences with Primary Progressive Aphasia of a scientist and a physician respectively.
Normal pressure hydrocephalus: new complications and concepts
Authors: Conn H.O. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter brings together 17 narratives from those having to deal with dementia. Article 1 features a professor recounting early Alzheimer's symptoms. Article 2 discusses a GP's Alzheimer's and heart problems. Articles 3 and 4 include a neurologist's observations and reflections related to his Alzheimer's Disease. Articles 5 and 6 describe a neurologist's Parkinson's Disease (PD). Article 7 details a professor's fluctuating Parkinson's symptoms, whilst Article 8 shares a surgeon's PD experiences and effective treatment. Articles 9 and 10 see a doctor reflecting on early PD symptoms and patient-inspired insights. Article 11 provides a physician's insights on his PD's daily life impact. Article 12 by a physician, discusses PD, Lewy Body Dementia, and its effect on his identity. Article 13 narrates a neurologist's Lewy Body Dementia encounter. Articles 14 and 15 present a hepatologist's PD and Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. Articles 16 and 17 discuss the experiences with Primary Progressive Aphasia of a scientist and a physician respectively.
Books by doctors/scientists recounting their personal experience of dementia
Authors: Kapur Narinder , Bell Vaughan , Friedland Daniel , Kemp Steven 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter brings together 17 narratives from those having to deal with dementia. Article 1 features a professor recounting early Alzheimer's symptoms. Article 2 discusses a GP's Alzheimer's and heart problems. Articles 3 and 4 include a neurologist's observations and reflections related to his Alzheimer's Disease. Articles 5 and 6 describe a neurologist's Parkinson's Disease (PD). Article 7 details a professor's fluctuating Parkinson's symptoms, whilst Article 8 shares a surgeon's PD experiences and effective treatment. Articles 9 and 10 see a doctor reflecting on early PD symptoms and patient-inspired insights. Article 11 provides a physician's insights on his PD's daily life impact. Article 12 by a physician, discusses PD, Lewy Body Dementia, and its effect on his identity. Article 13 narrates a neurologist's Lewy Body Dementia encounter. Articles 14 and 15 present a hepatologist's PD and Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. Articles 16 and 17 discuss the experiences with Primary Progressive Aphasia of a scientist and a physician respectively.
“Grey Matters”
Authors: Rose K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter collects seven personal accounts of those who suffered a brain tumour. Article 1 is by a rheumatology professor who observed changes in speech and writing due to a left parietal glioma. Article 2 features a clinical neuropsychologist’s journey following multiple treatment for a right parietal glioma. Article 3 recounts a social work student’s battle with a right temporal ependymoma at the age of 15 years. Article 4 offers insights from a general practitioner who had a benign fourth ventricle subependymoma. Article 5 details a medical student’s confrontation with a golf ball-sized meningioma adjacent to her brainstem. Article 6 describes an oncology physician’s symptoms leading to an ependymoma diagnosis, involving the fourth ventricle and brainstem. Article 7 presents a cardiologist’s narrative on living with a left frontal astrocytoma, and the accompanying uncertainty and perpetual fear of recurrence.