bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Care Insurance and Health Inequality: Evidence From China
Authors: Ke Jin , Sun Fei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study examined the relationship between the Chinese Long‐Term Care Insurance (LTCI) programme and health inequality among older adults in China and explored potential explanatory factors. Overall, the LTCI was found to improve the health of Chinese older adults. However, it was also associated with widening health inequality among older residents across income classes and between urban and rural areas. The mechanism analysis found that LTCI significantly reduced out‐of‐pocket medical costs for high‐income older adults and urban residents, while its effects on the low‐ and middle‐income older adults and rural residents were not significant. The heterogeneous effects of LTCI on out‐of‐pocket medical costs for different groups contribute to widening health inequalities across income classes and between urban and rural areas. Further analyses showed that in the low‐ and middle‐income and rural resident groups, out‐of‐pocket medical costs were significantly reduced only for individuals covered by LTCI who reported access to formal care services. This implies that formal care accessibility is critical, and additional analyses affirmed that the LTCI programme was associated with widened inequalities in formal care accessibility across income classes and between urban and rural areas. The current LTCI programme appears to exacerbate disparities in access to formal care, undermining its effectiveness for low‐ and middle‐income and rural older adults. This finding calls for efforts to optimise the implementation of the LTCI programme including allocating care resources to address inequalities.
Interventions for siblings of children and young people with mental health conditions: A systematic review
Authors: Tetkovic Irena , Anderson Joanna K. , Brocklebank Danielle , O’Logbon Jessica , Burn Anne‐Marie , Ford Tamsin J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundChildhood mental health conditions typically affect the entire family, including siblings, however there is a lack of research investigating interventions supporting siblings.MethodsThe review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022377163). We conducted systematic searches of 7 databases (Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Child and Developmental and Adolescent Studies, Applied Social Science Index and Abstracts, Education Research Information Centre, and British Eduction Index) for studies evaluating interventions for children and young people (CYP) with siblings presenting with mental health conditions from January 1980 to August 2024. We included interventions for young people aged 4 to 24 years who have a sibling with a mental health condition, with symptoms and impact lasting at least 3 months. Quality of reporting was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative checklist for qualitative and the Effective Public Health Project Practice quality assessment Tool for quantitative studies.ResultsWe identified 4 eligible studies; 2 of family‐based treatment and the other of drop‐in group support from 2469 studies that were screened in total. Quantitative results were rated weak for three out of four studies, while qualitative results were rated moderate for two studies, and high for one study. The two studies of sibling support groups reported high acceptability.ConclusionThe evidence for the effectiveness of interventions for siblings of CYP with mental health conditions is limited in both size and quality, highlighting a significant gap in research and practice. We cannot draw definitive conclusions from the available evidence, but it suggests support groups have potential to improve sibling outcomes. Additional research is required to determine sibling mental health trajectories and to identify risk and resilience factors possibly influencing poorer mental health outcomes. Clinicians should be mindful of potential effects of mental health conditions on other family members and encourage parents to communicate openly with siblings about family dynamics and the challenges they may face.
A Comprehensive Review on the Application of Artificial Intelligence for Predicting Postsurgical Recurrence Risk in Early‐Stage Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Using Computed Tomography, Positron Emission Tomography, and Clinical Data
Authors: Mehri‐kakavand Ghazal , Mdletshe Sibusiso , Wang Alan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide. Despite advancements in early detection and treatment, postsurgical recurrence remains a significant challenge, occurring in 30%–55% of patients within 5 years after surgery. This review analysed existing studies on the utilisation of artificial intelligence (AI), incorporating CT, PET, and clinical data, for predicting recurrence risk in early‐stage NSCLCs.MethodsA literature search was conducted across multiple databases, focusing on studies published between 2018 and 2024 that employed radiomics, machine learning, and deep learning based on preoperative positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT), and PET/CT, with or without clinical data integration. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were assessed for methodological quality using the METhodological RadiomICs Score (METRICS).ResultsThe reviewed studies demonstrated the potential of radiomics and AI models in predicting postoperative recurrence risk. Various approaches showed promising results, including handcrafted radiomics features, deep learning models, and multimodal models combining different imaging modalities with clinical data. However, several challenges and limitations were identified, such as small sample sizes, lack of external validation, interpretability issues, and the need for effective multimodal imaging techniques.ConclusionsFuture research should focus on conducting larger, prospective, multicentre studies, improving data integration and interpretability, enhancing the fusion of imaging modalities, assessing clinical utility, standardising methodologies, and fostering collaboration among researchers and institutions. Addressing these aspects will advance the development of robust and generalizable AI models for predicting postsurgical recurrence risk in early‐stage NSCLC, ultimately improving patient care and outcomes.
Improved outcomes of proximal hamstring avulsion surgery in patients both under and over 50 years, with greater gains in the younger group: A matched comparative study of the PHAS cohort
Authors: Lefèvre Nicolas , Moussa Mohamad K. , Alban Bouché Pierre , Valentin Eugénie , Gerometta Antoine , Khiami Frederic , Grimaud Olivier , Meyer Alain , Bohu Yoann , Hardy Alexandre 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the functional outcomes of surgical treatment for proximal hamstring avulsion injuries in patients aged over 50 years and to compare the results across another matched group of patients under 50.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data in a matched case‐control design targeting patients with proximal hamstring avulsion injuries who underwent surgical treatment at a sports surgery referral centre. Patients over 50 years with complete avulsion or partial injury (>2 cm retraction) were included. Two age groups were formed (18–50 and over 50), matched by the following variables: gender, rupture type (complete or partial), injury chronicity (chronic: more than 4 weeks from the injury or acute) and the preinjury Tegner score. The primary outcome was the Parisian Hamstring Avulsion Score (PHAS), with secondary outcomes, including the Tegner Activity Scale, University of California, Los Angeles (scale) (UCLA) scale, return to sport and complication rates.ResultsThe study included 298 patients, with a mean age of 41.8 (7.2) years for the younger group and 58.0 (5.7) years for the older group. The follow‐up duration in the younger group, 4.7 years (3.2), was slightly longer than that of the older group, 4.1 years (2.5), (p < 0.001). At the last follow‐up, significant improvements were observed in PHAS, UCLA and Tegner scores in both groups (p < 0.001) compared to preoperative scores. The differential gain was higher in the younger group in all three scores (p < 0.05). The rerupture rate was 8.1% in the younger group and 4.7% in the older group (p > 0.05), with no significant differences in complication and return to sports rates (p > 0.05).ConclusionThis study shows that surgical treatment of proximal hamstring avulsion injuries is associated with significant improvements in functional outcomes in both younger and older patients, with greater magnitude of improvements in younger patients. Complication rates were similar between the age groups.Level of EvidenceLevel of evidence III, Cohort Study.
A PARK7 Mutation‐Induced Early‐Onset Parkinson's Disease in a Moroccan Family: Expanding the Geographic Spectrum
Authors: El Otmani Hicham , Tesson Christelle , Brice Alexis , Lesage Suzanne 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and nonmotor symptoms, with a significant genetic component. Early‐onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD), manifesting before age 45, is often linked to mutations in genes such as PARK2, PINK1, and PARK7, the latter coding for the protein DJ‐1.ObjectiveWe present the first reported cases of EOPD carrying a previously undescribed homozygous PARK7 mutation, p.Thr110Pro.MethodsWhole exom sequencing was performed on two inbred Moroccan siblings with early‐onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD). Detailed clinical assessments, including neurological evaluations and cognitive testing, were conducted to understand the clinical presentation of the patients. Genetic analysis was also carried out to examine their genetic background. Therapeutic responses to treatments were monitored to assess the effectiveness of management strategies.ResultsThe sequencing revealed that both siblings carried the homozygous PARK7 mutation, p.Thr110Pro. Both siblings presented with typical EOPD features, including motor and non‐motor symptoms. The patients both presented with cognitive impairment, with the male sibling exhibiting more pronounced symptoms. He also developed compulsive behaviors, which underscore the varied clinical presentations and therapeutic responses associated with this genetic variant.ConclusionThis case study expands the genetic and geographic diversity of PD presentations, highlighting cognitive and behavioral challenges and variable therapeutic outcomes. It underscores the necessity for genetic screening and individualized management strategies for patients with PD.
Lattice Structures as an Energy‐Absorbing Component for Impact Loads
Authors: Bieler Sören , Weinberg Kerstin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTLattice structures allow the adopted design of material properties, for example, for impact protection systems. This work deals specifically with the energy absorption of selected lattice types from sudden impact loads. Split‐Hopkinson pressure bar tests show that lattice structures can spread the impact load over time. This reduces the peak value of the impact load. In our experiments, Octet and BFCC lattices with different volume fractions are compared. The structures are made of a viscoelastic polymer and are, therefore, reusable and sustainable.
Estimating Nonlinear Damping for Mechanical Single‐Degree‐of‐Freedom Systems: A Robust and Effective Approach
Authors: Eberle Robert 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSingle‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) systems are a simple but widely used method in engineering to describe mechanical phenomena. Mathematically, a SDOF system can be described by a second‐order differential equation (Newton's second law). In general, the differential equation depends on arbitrary parameters (e.g., spring stiffness, damping, friction), which have to be estimated from measurements. Parameter estimation of such models is still a broad research field, especially for nonlinear systems. A widely used method for parameter estimation is the restoring force method. A robust and computationally effective method for the determination of unknown nonparametric restoring forces (e.g., nonlinear damping) for nonlinear SDOF systems based on measured data will be presented in this work. The parameter estimation problem is formulated as an inverse problem. Inverse problems are almost always ill‐posed. The Inverse problem is transformed into a boundary value problem using the calculus of variation. The ill‐posed problem is then solved efficiently using regularization techniques. Numerical experiments and the derivation of the method showed that a regularization term is necessary to obtain reasonable results. Furthermore, this approach does not require solving a complex and computationally intensive optimization problem. In this work, the method has been successfully demonstrated on a numerical example of a nonlinear SDOF.
Space charge behaviors and electrical insulation characteristics in EPDM/micro‐SiC composite with surface‐modified nano‐SiC for HVDC insulation
Authors: Park Jae‐Jun , Lee Sangmin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNano‐sized semiconductive silicon carbide (nano‐SiC) is incorporated into an ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)/micro‐SiC composite in order to prepare an electrical insulation compound for high voltage direct current (HVDC). The nano‐SiC surface is modified with 1,3‐divinyl‐1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisilazane, and the effects of surface‐modified nano‐SiC content on the space charge characteristics, tensile strength, and electrical insulation characteristics are studied. An EPDM/micro‐SiC/nano‐SiC composite is prepared by a two‐roll mill. The weight ratios of EPDM rubber, micro‐SiC, and nano‐SiC are 96 g:2.5 g:0.0–3.0 g. When 2.0 g of a semiconductive nano‐SiC particle is incorporated into an EPDM (96 g)/micro‐SiC (2.5 g) composite, the space charge is adequately dispersed throughout the composite, and therefore, the HVDC breakdown strength increases. However, if the nano‐SiC is mixed in excess, a conductive passage is formed, causing the HVDC breakdown strength to decrease. HVDC breakdown strength for the composite with 2.0 g nano‐SiC under positive polarity power supply shows the maximum strength of 104.6 kV/mm. However, excessive mixing of nano‐SiC particles has a negative effect on the HVDC breakdown strength. Tensile strength for the composite with 2.0 g nano‐SiC shows the maximum value, 5.4 MPa.Highlights
The surfaces of micro‐ and nano‐SiC particles were modified with 1,3‐divinyl‐1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisilazane.
An EPDM/micro‐SiC/nano‐SiC composite was produced by a two‐roll mill.
Semiconductive nano‐SiC particles improved HVDC breakdown strength by dispersing the space charge within the EPDM composite.
However, if the nano‐SiC was mixed in excess, a conductive passage was formed, causing the HVDC breakdown strength to decrease.
Dactyliform appendage contributes to delayed selfing in the diminutive orchid Stigmatodactylus sikokianus
Authors: Suetsugu Kenji 
Published: January 2025

Societal Impact StatementUnderstanding plant reproductive strategies is vital for conserving endangered species. This study reveals a novel self‐pollination mechanism in the diminutive orchid Stigmatodactylus sikokianus, facilitated by the movement of a finger‐like appendage beneath the stigma. While this less‐than‐1‐mm‐long structure inspired the name Stigmatodactylus, its ecological function remained unknown for over 130 years—until now. The findings suggest that this appendage facilitates delayed self‐pollination, likely ensuring reproductive success under conditions of pollinator scarcity. Furthermore, the research highlights the value of integrating taxonomy with functional morphology to advance our understanding of pollination ecology.Summary
Orchidaceae is one of the largest and most morphologically diverse plant families, largely due to intricate relationships with pollinators. However, autonomous self‐pollination is relatively common, likely as an adaptation to limited pollinator availability. This study examines the reproductive mechanism of the diminutive orchid Stigmatodactylus sikokianus, focusing on the finger‐like appendage beneath the stigma.
The reproductive biology of S. sikokianus was investigated through pollination observations, artificial pollination experiments, and detailed studies of column morphology.
Pollination experiments demonstrated that S. sikokianus primarily relies on autonomous self‐pollination, as indicated by high fruit set in bagged flowers and no fruit set in emasculated ones. Microscopic analysis revealed that the dactyliform appendage arcs toward the stigma, maintaining its straight structure, and eventually adheres to the stigma surface, allowing contact between the appendage apex and pollinia. UV microscopy showed thick bundles of pollen tubes penetrating the appendage adhered to the stigma and reaching the base of the column. The absence of pollen tube formation before contact between the appendage apex and pollinia suggests that autogamy occurs exclusively through the appendage at a later flowering stage.
This study uncovers a novel self‐pollination mechanism in orchids, where the movement of the stigma appendage likely facilitates delayed selfing. This mechanism ensures seed production and likely reproductive success in S. sikokianus, enabling it to thrive in shaded environments with limited pollinator availability. The discovery highlights the value of integrating taxonomic and ecological approaches, as morphological traits provide valuable insights into species life histories.
Effect of sugar beet variety resistance on the disease epidemiology of Cercospora beticola
Authors: Yang Yixuan , Varrelmann Mark , Liebe Sebastian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDCercospora leaf spot (CLS), caused by Cercospora beticola, is the most destructive foliar disease in sugar beet. CLS is conventionally controlled with fungicide, but the emergence of fungicide‐resistant populations reinforces the importance of developing and cultivating resistant varieties. Understanding the dynamics of CLS in different varieties is hence essential for sustainable CLS management.RESULTSField experiments (2022 and 2023) with four sugar beet varieties possessing different resistant properties were conducted to describe the relationship between the variety resistance and the disease epidemiology of C. beticola. For this purpose, spore flight and disease progression were assessed on a weekly basis. Disease severity (DS) and disease incidence (DI) were delayed in resistant varieties compared to the susceptible and moderately susceptible ones. This finding was further confirmed by a model‐based analysis of DS and DI for all varieties. Weekly spore flight monitoring during the vegetation period showed a similar tendency of reduced spore quantity by the resistant varieties. This was probably due to the lower DS, as no differences were found when the amount of fungal DNA was determined in individual lesions from the different varieties. Analysis of relative yield loss further confirmed the advantage of growing resistant varieties.CONCLUSIONOur results highlight that resistant varieties delay disease onset resulting in less severe symptoms and reduced spore flight. We also proved that aerial spore flight intensity could reflect the resistant property of each variety. These results provide a deeper insight into the interaction between variety resistance and CLS epidemiology, emphasizing variety‐specific CLS management. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
On the relay propagation of deep convection leading to a heavy rainfall event in a weak‐wind urban environment
Authors: Jiang Xiaoling , Zhang Da‐Lin , Luo Yali 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study examines the convection initiation (CI) and the subsequent continuous propagation of storms from the Shanghai–Suzhou–Wuxi–Changzhou city belt, which produce an afternoon heavy rainfall event at a distance of 70–100 km downstream over a coastal region, using a 1‐km grid‐spacing cloud‐permitting simulation and observed radar reflectivity and surface data. The regional environment is characterized by light winds, and high convective available potential energy with dry air in the upper troposphere under the influences of lake and sea breezes. Results show the importance of urban effects interacting with the breezes in CI on the downwind side of the city belt. By tracing the CI of individual storms in relation to convectively generated cold outflows, we find the recurrences of old storms locally dissipating, after dropping light rainfall, and new storms forming at cold outflow boundaries of the old storms until reaching the coastal region. This new mode of continuous storm propagation is termed convection relays that are governed by cold‐pool dynamics in a conditionally unstable environment with weak flows. While some storms during their downstream relay propagation are merged into larger‐sized clusters, their convective entities still remain separated from each other. However, these clusters tend to have higher rainfall rates and longer lifespans than unmerged storms. It is found that the heavy rainfall event is produced by a few convective mergers within a linear mesoscale convective system interacting with sea breezes. A single merger can produce an hourly rainfall rate of 95 mm·hr−1 due to its quasi‐stationarity and ample moisture supply from sea breezes.
From Breaking Bad to Breaking Bonds—Mass Spectrometry in the Classroom
Authors: Mortishire‐Smith Russell J. , Mortishire‐Smith Benjamin J. , Smith John S. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe describe a workshop that prompts chemistry students in the final 2 years of secondary school to apply their understanding of modern analytical chemistry techniques to a ‘real world’ example. The scenario used is that of a forensic science laboratory that has been asked to determine the structure of an illicit compound, Revisomed (methamphetamine) being sold as a revision aid, and seized by police. Over the course of an hour, the students use a combination of infrared (IR) spectroscopy, liquid chromatography (LC), high‐resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data to determine the structure of Revisomed from first principles. The bulk of the workshop is spent reviewing MS data and using m/z, the isotope pattern, elemental composition and product ion data to reach three plausible isomeric structures for Revisomed, which are then distinguished by NMR spectroscopy. More broadly, the workshop focusses on the use of the scientific method and the concept that ‘no ideas are bad’ when exploring hypotheses. We describe the structure of the workshop, and our experience delivering it to a local academy over the last 9 years.