bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in intensive care septic patients based on the KDIGO guidelines
Authors: Peng Qianyi , Zhang Lina , Ai Yuhang , Zhang Lemeng 
Published: January 2024

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of sepsis, which is associated with higher risks of adverse outcomes. Recently, kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) recommended a new guideline for AKI, including a little modification on the AKI staging criteria.

Methods
This retrospective study included 211 septic patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from January 2008 to January 2011. AKI was diagnosed and classified according to the KDIGO or acute kidney injury network (AKIN) criteria. Differences between the AKI and non-AKI groups for baseline characteristics, laboratory examinations, etiology, outcomes, as well as the risk factors for AKI and 28-day mortality were analyzed. The reliability of the KDIGO criteria was also evaluated by comparing it with the AKIN criteria.

Results
The overall incidence of AKI in septic patients was 47.9%, and the 28-day mortality was 32.7%. The incidence of AKI was significantly higher in patients with more severe sepsis. Indicators of hepatic and respiratory function were significantly worse in the AKI group. Furthermore, a higher proportion of patients were infected with Enterobacter cloacae in the AKI group. The independent risk factors for AKI were shock, the number of organ failures, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, and the use of vasopressors. The independent risk factors for mortality were BUN and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) levels. Both the KDIGO criteria and the AKIN criteria were significantly associated with 28-day mortality.

Conclusions
The incidence and 28-day mortality of AKI were very high in ICU septic patients. Greater attention should be paid to AKI-induced hepatic and respiratory dysfunction in clinical practice. Patients with an intra-abdominal source of infection were more likely to develop AKI. KDIGO criteria are reliable in AKI staging.

Chin Med J 2014;127 (10): 1820-1826
Potential association of hyperhomocysteinemia with the progression of IgA nephropathy: a retrospective study
Authors: Duan Shuwei , Liu Shuwen , Sun Xuefeng , Zheng Ying , Liu Linchang , Yao Feixiang , Wu Jie 
Published: January 2024

Background
The high blood homocysteine (Hcy) levels found in patients with hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) have been implicated in an increased risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study investigated the association of HHcy with progression of IgA nephropathy.

Methods
We analyzed 108 participants newly diagnosed with IgA nephropathy between August 2005 and August 2007 in the Department of Nephrology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital. The association between clinicopathological factors and the Hcy levels were analyzed by Logistic regression and those with ESRD risk were analyzed by Cox regression.

Results
Patients were aged (35.71±10.73) years and included 45.71% women and 12.04% patients with HHcy. In multivariate Logistic regression analysis, HHcy was associated with arterial lesions (OR 2.60; 95% CI 1.55-4.34; P<0.001) even when age, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, mean arterial pressure, and initial proteinuria were taken into account. Mean follow-up was (67.37±16.21) months. HHcy was also associated with worse ESRD-free survival (HR 4.71; 95% CI 1.45 to 15.31; P=0.010).

Conclusion
HHcy is associated with the risk of intrarenal arterial lesions and may be useful for estimating the prognosis of IgA nephropathy.

Chin Med J 2014;127 (10): 1849-1852
Relationship between miRNA-338-3p expression and progression and prognosis of human colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Sun Kai , Su Guiyuan , Deng Haijun , Dong Jingqing , Lei Shangtong , Li Guoxin 
Published: January 2024

Background
miR-338-3p is a recently discovered miRNA and is involved in cell differentiation. However, few data are yet available on the aberrant expression of miR-338-3p in human colorectal carcinoma (CRC). This work aimed to investigate the relationship between miR-338-3p expression pattern and clinicopathological features of human CRC and the possible regulative mechanisms.

Methods
The 40 CRC, adjacent nontumorous tissues and 2 human CRC-derived cell lines (SW-480 and SW-620) were collected, respectively, and the total RNA and protein were isolated routinely. The miR-338-3p expression pattern was detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern blotting. Smoothened (SMO, possible target of miR-338-3p) mRNA and corresponding protein expression pattern were detected by semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. miR-338-3p expression patterns were compared between nontumor mucosa and CRC samples, graded by progression-related factors. Disease outcome was calculated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to determine whether miR-338-3p was related to disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients. Moreover, SMO 3′-UTR fragment was PCR amplified from genome DNA of human colon and inserted into a luciferase reporter plasmid. The luciferase reporter plasmid construct was then transfected into CRC cells together with pre-miR-338-3p or anti-miR-338-3p and the luciferase activity in the transfected cells was detected.

Results
The expression of miR-338-3p was significantly downregulated in CRCs than those in the adjacent nontumorous tissues, and the value was negatively related to advanced TNM stage and local invasion (P <0.01). Furthermore, miR-338-3p value was decreased markedly in SW-620 cell line relative to SW-480 (P <0.01). Low expression of miR-338-3p was associated with unfavorable outcome in DFS but not in OS independent of clinical covariates. Moreover, RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis demonstrated that there was no significant difference in SMO mRNA expression between the corresponding CRCs and nontumorous tissues, whereas SMO protein markedly increased in CRCs (P <0.01). A significant increase in luciferase activity was detected in CRC cells, which were cotransfected with the luciferase reporter plasmid construct and anti-miR-338-3p (P <0.01).

Conclusions
miR-338-3p is expressed differentially in CRC and associated with progression and prognosis of CRC. SMO might be a possible target of miR-338-3p, which made it a potential antitumor candidate for treatment and prevention of CRC.

Chin Med J 2014; 127 (10): 1884-1890
Value of knee skin temperature measured by infrared thermography and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the diagnosis of periprosthetic knee infection in Chinese individuals following total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Yishake Mumingjiang , Xindie Zhou , Rongxin He 
Published: January 2024

Background
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a successful and frequently performed procedure in orthopedic surgery. The diagnosis of peri-prosthetic joint infection following TKA remains challenging. The present study estimated the usefulness of knee skin temperature (measured by infrared thermography) and serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in the diagnosis of post-operative knee peri-prosthetic infection.

Methods
Patients were divided into three groups: 21 patients undergoing uncomplicated TKAs, seven with prosthesis infection, and three undergoing TKA revisions. The serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and sICAM-1 as well as the local knee skin temperature were measured preoperatively and on Days 1 and 7 and at 1, 3, and 6 months post-operatively in Groups 1 and 3. The same parameters were measured in Group 2 at the time of prosthesis infection diagnosis.

Results
In Group 1, the levels of IL-6, CRP, ESR, and knee skin temperature were significantly elevated post-operatively, but returned to baseline levels within 6 months. The sICAM-1 levels were not significantly different. The mean differential temperature (MDT) and levels of siCAM-1, IL-6, CRP, and ESR differed significantly between Groups 1 and 2. The MDT had returned to normal in Group 3 by 6 months post-operatively.

Conclusions
Elevations in IL-6, CRP, ESR, and MDT in patients undergoing TKA could be a normal response to surgical trauma, but sustained elevations may be indicative of complications. The knee skin temperature and sICAM-1 may be used as indicators in the diagnosis of knee prosthesis infection following TKA.
Unexpected positive cultures including isolation of Propionibacterium acnes in revision shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Seung Ju Kim , Jong Hun Kim 
Published: January 2024

Objective
Little information is available to guide treatment strategies regarding patients with unexpected positive cultures (UPC), including Propionibacterium acnes (PA), without overt signs of infection in revision shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). The purpose of our study was to analyze the prevalence, clinical meaning, treatment and prognosis of UPC in RSA. Data sources and study selection We performed a systematic review of the literature between 1950 and 2013 for all studies reporting on UPC for PA. Studies with the prevalence and prognosis of patients with UPC in RSA were analyzed. Results Six studies meeting our inclusion criteria yielded data for 1 402 patients who underwent a total of 1405 RSA. Based on the available data, following RSA 235 shoulders had UPCs with a pooled percentage of 16.7% (235/1405). The most commonly isolated bacteria from shoulders following RSA with UPCs was PA with pooled percentages of 63.4% (149/235). Occurrence of true infection from UPCs after RSA was seen in 24 shoulders (24/235, 10.2%). Antibiotic use did not influence the rate of the occurrence of true infection from UPCs (P=0.498).

Conclusions
Our study showed a low risk of having a true infection from UPCs after RSA without clinical signs of pre-operative infection at the time of the surgery. Therefore, prolonged antibiotic therapy may not be necessary in these patients.
Reinnervation of hair cells by neural stem cell-derived neurons
Authors: Yasheng Yuan , Yang Wang , Fanglu Chi 
Published: January 2024

Background
Replacement of spiral ganglion neurons would be one prioritized step in an attempt to restore sensory neuronal hearing loss. However, the possibility that transplanted neurons could regenerate new synaptic connections to hair cells has not been explored. The objective of this study was to test whether neural stem cell (NSC)-derived neurons can form synaptic connections with hair cells in vitro.

Methods
NSCs were mechanically separated from the hippocampus in SD rat embryos (E12-E14) and cultured in a serum-free medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor. Rat NSCs were co-cultured with explants of cochlea sensory epithelia obtained from postnatal Day 3 rats under transway filter membrane.

Results
At Day 3, the NSCs began to show chemotactic differentiation and grew toward cochlea sensory epithelia. After 9-day co-culture, neurites of NSC-derived neurons predominantly elongated toward hair cells. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed the fibers overlapped with synapsin and hair cells, indicating the formation of new synaptic connections. After 14-day culture, triple staining revealed the fibers overlapped with PSD95 (postsynaptic density) which is juxtaposed with CtBP2 (presynaptic vesicle), indicating the formation of new ribbon synapse.

Conclusions
NSC-derived neurons can make synaptic connections with hair cells and provide a model for studying synaptic plasticity and regeneration. Whether the newly forming synapse is functional merits further electrophysiological study.
Cytotoxic effects of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate on human keratinocytes are not associated with proinflammatory cytokines expression
Authors: Mu Zhanglei , Liu Xiaojing , Zhao Yan , Zhang Jianzhong 
Published: January 2024

Background
Keratinocytes play a crucial role in the biological function of skin barrier. The relationship between sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and keratinocytes has been studied. However, the cytotoxicity and effects of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), a common detergent similar to SLS, on keratinocytes are still not known. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SDBS on cytotoxicity and expression of proinflammatory cytokines in cultured human keratinocytes.

Methods
This study was carried out using the keratinocytes cell line, HaCaT cells. The cytotoxicity of SDBS on HaCaT cells was evaluated with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and phase-contrast microscopy. After exposure to different concentrations of SDBS, the total RNA of the HaCaT cells was extracted for evaluating the relative mRNA expression of IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α by qPCR. The supernatants of cells were collected for measuring the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results
SDBS at concentrations of 20 μg/ml and over showed direct cytotoxicity and induced morphological changes of the HaCaT cells. The mRNA expressions of IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in different concentrations of SDBS at different time were comparable with that of controls. SDBS at concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 μg/ml had no significant effects on IL-6 and IL-8 excretion from HaCaT cells after 24-hour exposure. Moreover, no significant effects on the IL-6 and IL-8 excretion were found after 10 and 15 μg/ml SDBS stimulations for 6, 12, and 24 hours, respectively.

Conclusion
SDBS at higher concentrations had cytotoxicity on HaCaT cells but had no effects on the mRNA expression of IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, that was different from SLS.
Surgery for sinus of Valsalva aneurysm: 33-year of a single center experience
Authors: Yan Fei , Abudureheman Murat , Huo Qiang , Shabiti Askaer , Zhu Tao , Liu Zhen 
Published: January 2024

Background
Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SVA) is a rare anomaly and few large or long-term series are well established. This study was designed to review 33-year surgical experience of SVA in one center.

Methods
From August 1980 to December 2013, patients with SVA underwent surgical repair were retrospectively studied.

Results
A total of 160 patients were identified with mean age of (30±12) years and 112 (70%) of them were males. The right coronary sinus origin of SVA was found in 108 patients (67.5%), the non-coronary sinus in 51 patients (31.9%), and the left coronary sinus in one patient (0.6%). The rupture of SVA into the right ventricle was identified in 89 (55.6%) cases, the right atrium in 61 (38.1%), the left ventricle in 2 (1.3%) and no rupture in 8 (5.0%). Ventricular septal defect (VSD) and aortic regurgitation (AR) were found in 59 (37%) and 45 (28%) patients respectively. An approach via the involved chamber was used in 86 patients (54%), aortotomy in 8 (5%), and a combined approach in 66 (41%). Either direct suture (56, 35%) or patch (104, 65%) closure were used to repair the SVA. The VSD was closed with a patch (44/59, 75%) or direct suture (15/59, 25%). aortic valve replacement (AVR) was performed in 23/45 (51%) and aortic valvuloplasty (AVP) in 9/45 (20%) patients combined with AR. There were 3 hospital deaths (1.9%) and 2 late deaths and 84% of the patients were followed up for (17.6±4.2) years. New York Heart Association functional class improved significantly after surgery (P < 0.01). Actuarial survival was 94% at 10 years, and 88% at 20 years.

Conclusions
Surgical treatment of SVA is safe and effective, ruptured SVA or unruptured SVA with VSD and/or AR should be repaired surgically as early as possible. However, late progressive AR is still a risk during long-term follow-up, and early aggressive measures are recommended. These include more use of a combined approach to achieve optimal evaluation of lesions, more patch repairs to reduce the chance of recurrence, and more AVR in patients with moderate to severe AR.
Understanding the standard of care in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in China: results from a national survey
Authors: Linong Ji , Newman Julliana , Juming Lu , Xiaoling Cai 
Published: January 2024

Background
Given the pace with which standards of care have changed, timely assessment of their impact on routine clinical practice and patient outcomes is needed. In coordination with the Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS), we developed a quantitative survey to explore the implementation of standards of care for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in China.

Methods
A national online survey of physicians involved in the management of T2D in China was conducted over a 4-week period in 2012. Completed responses were obtained from 1 028 physicians. Participants responded to 52 questions designed to capture information relating to their demographic and clinical practice profiles. The questionnaire was divided into three sections: basic information, diagnosis practices and screening methods on main complications, and treatment and control practices. The questionnaire was developed in conjunction with the CDS.

Results
Overall, 83% of surveyed physicians were at least “aware” of the CDS guidelines on standards of care for T2D. Level of awareness was directly related to hospital grade, specialty, geographic location, professional rank and participation in CDS training. The 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test was reported as the most ever-used approach across all three hospital grades and physician specialties, with a usage rate of 97%. Respondents selected their choice of primary treatment for newly diagnosed T2D patients. Just over half (52%) indicated the use of oral anti-diabetic drugs (OAD) monotherapy, in line with CDS recommendations. However, OAD use varied considerably between different regions and city tiers. Despite hemoglobin A1c being defined as the gold standard for glucose control, it was not universally measured, with more physicians indicating routine use of glucose before fasting and glucose non-fasting.

Conclusion
The standards-of-care analysis has provided important insights into the current management of T2D among physicians in China across different geographical regions, hospital grades, specialties, professional statuses, and levels of CDS guideline awareness and training.
Can we early diagnose metabolic syndrome using brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in community population?
Authors: Xin Li , Liang Zheng , Juanli Wu , Yunsheng Ma , Munakata Masanori , Jessica Oleski , Lijuan Zhang , Da Wo , Jingsong Wang , Qiaoyu Jiang , Liling Zou , Xuebo Liu , Jue Li 
Published: January 2024

Background
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) increased recently and there was still not a screening index to predict MetS. The aim of this study was to estimate whether brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), a novel marker for systemic arterial stiffness, could predict MetS in Chinese community population.

Methods
A total of 2 191 participants were recruited and underwent medical examination including 1 455 men and 756 women from June 2011 to January 2012. MetS was diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Multiple Logistic regressions were conducted to explore the risk factors of MetS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to estimate the ideal diagnostic cutoff point of baPWV to predict MetS.

Results
The mean age was (45.35±8.27) years old. In multiple Logistic regression analysis, the gender, baPWV and smoking status were risk factors to MetS after adjusting age, gender, baPWV, walk time and sleeping time. The prevalence of MetS was 17.48% in 30-year age population in Shanghai. There were significant differences (ξ2=96.46, P <0.05) between male and female participants on MetS prevalence. According to the ROC analyses, the ideal cutoff point of baPWV was 1 358.50 cm/s (AUC=60.20%) to predict MetS among male group and 1 350.00 cm/s (AUC=70.90%) among female group.

Conclusion
BaPWV may be considered as a screening marker to predict MetS in community Chinese population and the diagnostic value of 1 350.00 cm/s was more significant for the female group.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis will increase the risk of lung cancer
Authors: Junyao Li , Ming Yang , Ping Li , Zhenzhong Su , Peng Gao , Jie Zhang 
Published: January 2024

Objective
To review the studies investigating the increased risk of lung cancer in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Data sources
Data cited in this review were obtained mainly from PubMed and Medline from 1999 to 2013 and highly regarded older publications were also included.

Study selection
We identified, retrieved and reviewed the information on the frequency, risk factors, anatomical features, histological types, clinical manifestations, computed tomography findings and underlying mechanisms of lung cancer in IPF patients.

Results
The prevalence rates of lung cancer in patients with IPF (4.8% to 48%) are much higher than patients without IPF (2.0% to 6.4%). The risk factors for lung cancer in IPF include smoking, male gender, and age. Lung cancers often occur in the peripheral lung zones where fibrotic changes are predominant. Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common types of lung cancer in patients with IPF. Radiologic features of these patients include peripherally located, ill-defined mass mimicking air-space disease. The underlying mechanisms of the development of lung cancer in patients with IPF have not been fully understood, but may include the inflammatory response, epithelial injury and/or abnormalities, aberrant fibroblast proliferation, epigenetic and genetic changes, reduced cell-to-cell communication, and activation of specific signaling pathways.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that IPF is associated with increased lung cancer risk. It is necessary to raise the awareness of lung cancer risk in IPF patients among physicians and patients.