bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Making Sense of Greek Religion
Authors: Gould John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To talk meaningfully about the religion of another culture is not easy, and requires of us some degree of tact and imagination. We need to be aware of the pitfalls. To begin with, it will seem all too clear that what we are dealing with is a human invention, a ‘fiction’ constructed by men for their own purposes-an interpretation which we can never quite give to the religion of our own culture, even if we have rejected it. To make that assumption will not help us to understand though it may boost our sense of superiority. And secondly, there is the difficulty, if not the impossibility, of avoiding thinking about someone else’s religion as a kind of exercise in ‘decoding’, in translating myth and ritual into a ‘natural’ language (our own, of course) in which these things can be made to yield their true sense, which may be hidden from those who carry out the rituals and who recount the myths.
Mothers’ Day1: A Note on Euripides’ Bacchae
Authors: Gould John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The illusion of critical progress, I have the feeling, is very largely sustained by the simple expedient of forgetting what our predecessors have written. To go back to Professor Winningtonlngram’s Euripides and Dionysus more than thirty years after first reading it, and, incredibly, almost fifty years after his first writing it, was an astonishing and chastening experience: he has said so much; so much that one might have wanted to say. So much, that all I can offer in this paper is a sort of extended footnote to his text, the suggestion of a slightly different point of view from which to read the play-a suggestion made in admiration rather than disagreement.
Narrate and Describe: The Problem of Ekphrasis
Authors: Fowler Don 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The subject of ekphrasis, and in particular of the ekphrasis of works of art, has recently begun to receive a great deal of attention from classical scholars. As will become clear, I believe that the reason for this is that many of the theoretical issues that are most pressing in classical studies-and indeed in cultural studies in general-are raised by the study of ekphrasis.
Second Thoughts on Closure
Authors: Fowler Don 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The populace cheered and danced for joy where they stood, and there was no discordant voice as young and old, rich and poor, united in jubilation, for though they had understood very little of what was said, they were able to surmise the facts of the matter from what had already transpired concerning Charikleia; or else perhaps they had been brought to a realization of the truth by the same divine force that had staged this whole drama and that now produced a perfect harmony of diametric opposites: joy and sorrow combined; tears mingled with laughter; the most hideous horror transformed to celebration; those who wept also laughed; those who grieved also rejoiced; they found those whom they had not sought and lost those whom they ought to have found; and finally the offering of human blood, which all had expected to see, was transformed into a sacrifice free of all stain. Heliodorus
John Betjeman
Authors: Peterson William S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sir John Betjeman (1906-1984), Poet Laureate, was probably the most widely-read English poet of the twentieth century. Because of his frequent appearances on radio and television and his fervent devotion to the preservation of England’s architectural heritage, his face and voice became familiar to millions. Few other poets of any century have had such a powerful influence on their contemporaries. This bibliography lists and describes all of his known writings, including his own books, ephemera, contributions to periodicals and to books by others, lectures, and radio and television programmes. Other categories such as editorships, music settings, and dramatic adaptations of his poems, recordings, and interviews are also included, as well as a section devoted to writings about him. Manuscripts and drafts of all his works are described in detail. This enormous body of material is thoroughly indexed, cross-referenced, and in most cases annotated. Now at last the activities of this remarkable man - both a poet and a cultural phenomenon - can be seen in their full breadth and complexity.
The Life Portraits of Coleridge
Authors: Paley Morton D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Samuel Taylor Coleridge did not like his own face. Here is his description of it to John Thelwall, written on 19 November 1796: As to me, my face, unless when animated by immediate eloquence, expresses great Sloth, & great, indeed almost ideotic good nature. ‘Tis a mere carcase of a face: fat, flabby, & expressive chiefly of inexpression. —Yet, I am told, that my eyes, eyebrows, & forehead are physiognomically good —; but as to this the Deponent knoweth not ... I cannot breathe thro’ my nose —so my mouth, with its sensual thick lips, is almost always open.
Catalogue
Authors: Paley Morton D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While even brief mentions of historical importance are referenced under Literature, no attempt has been made to list merely passing modern references. All known lifetime engravings of Coleridge appear here, with a selection of the most important posthumous engravings after life portraits. Engravings: frontispiece by R. Woodman, ‘From a Painting by Vandyke (1795) in Possession of Mr Cottle’, Joseph Cattle’s Early Recollections (London, 1837). BM Dept. of Prints and Drawings has an example lettered ‘Proof’ (1853-11-23-1o).
Supplementary Notes
Authors: Paley Morton D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Three masks of Coleridge, two life-masks and a death-mask, are listed by J.B. S.Jackson MD in Harvard Universiry: A Descriptive Catalogue Of the Warren Anatomical Museum, under the category ‘Miscellany’ and the Subcategory ‘Series XLIV. —Phrenology’. Unfortunately, the Warren Museum collections are not accessible at the time of writing, having been removed and stored off-site for eventual reinstallation in the Count way Library of Medicine (Boston). It has therefore not been possible to examine the masks or to obtain photographs of them.
The Feathery Scribe
Authors: Beal Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
IN my first chapter, In praise of scribes, I spoke about knaves, as well as drudges, in the world of seventeenth-century clerks and scriveners. I now want to introduce one particular scribe-a drudge, perhaps. But whether harmless or not I shall leave an open question. A case history of one particular scribe is not, I would suggest, unseasonable. For, as I have said before, while we have a mountain of information about seventeenth-century printers, stationers, and publishers-and even about some compositors-we know little, if anything, about individual scribes-and even those who have attracted some attention (Ralph Crane, for instance) have done so only because they happen to be associated with particular literary or dramatic interests, not because their work is felt to deserve bibliographical study in its own right.
Introduction
Authors: Gibson Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1935, John Eglinton published an account of Joyce in Irish Literary Portraits. It must have seemed to Joyce, wrote Eglinton, ‘that he held English, his country’s spiritual enemy, in the palm of his hand’. Alas, the English language ‘found itself constrained by its new master to perform tasks to which it was unaccustomed in the service of pure literature....Joyce rejoiced darkly in causing the language of Milton and Wordsworth to utter all but unimaginable filth and treason.’ Eglinton argued that Ulysses was an act of ‘treason’ fuelled by an ‘ironic detachment from the whole of the English tradition.’ It was Joyce’s ‘Celtic revenge’ on the colonial power.
Patiens Ingemiscit: Stephen Dedalus, Ireland, and History
Authors: Gibson Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The critical view of the ‘Telemachiad’ has recently changed quite markedly and radically. The (broadly humanist) tradition of Joyce criticism from Kain onwards interpreted Stephen Dedalus’s early progress in particular ways. On the one hand, to adopt Charles Peake’s terms, the ‘Telemachiad’ saw the emergence of Stephen the artist figure, to be followed by citizen Bloom.1 As in the Odyssey, in Ulysses, son preceded (spiritual) father with whom he would establish a (more or less ironically treated) connection in later chapters. The organization and structural parallels of the first six chapters carefully contrasted the two characters.
History, All That: ‘Sirens’, ‘Cyclops’
Authors: Gibson Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Having scanned the Dublin of 1904, Joyce embarks on a particular kind of treatment of English and Anglo-Irish discourses that is to a large extent responsible for producing the famous ‘styles’ of Ulysses. To continue with my theme from the previous chapter: the practices in question are retributive, but with many complications. The beginnings of these practices have been evident earlier in the novel, above all, in ‘Scylla and Charybdis’, a chapter which allows us to see Joyce’s project in the later part of the novel emerging out of Stephen. Now, however, Joyce separates his stratagems decisively from the melancholy of the young man, giving them an independent life. Like Bloom, they follow on logically from Stephen, but also challenge and transform much that is still rigid in Stephen’s thought.
An Irish Bull in an English Chinashop: ‘Oxen of the Sun’
Authors: Gibson Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Commentators on ‘Oxen’ have tended to see it as partly the work of an ‘advocate of fertility’. Of course, not all critics have taken the ‘advocacy’ seriously. But few have doubted that it is central to the chapter. Yet this central place raises another question, which is why Joyce bothered with the theme at all. Richard Brown has argued that Joyce ironizes the fertility theme in the interest of expressing a different and more progressive conception of sexuality. But the problem still remains as to why the expression requires so oddly indirect a vehicle.
Strangers in My House, Bad Manners to Them!: ‘Circe’
Authors: Gibson Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Like ‘Wandering Rocks’, but unlike all the other later chapters in Ulysses, ‘Circe’ does not chiefly rework English (or Anglo-Irish) discourses that are traceable to printed texts. Fragments of a variety of the kind of discourses I’ve described appear in the chapter. But it is not primarily a treatment of them. For ‘Circe’ is a chapter of voices. In ‘Circe’, people speak, and the effects of colonial power are heard in what they say, and how they say it. If the chapter cannot principally be read off against a set of discourses, it nonetheless exposes the pervasiveness and complexity of the effects of colonization as much as any other chapter in Ulysses. It tells us a lot more than we have so far learnt about how the British have left their mark. ‘Circe’ turns Dublin-and the account of Dublin that has preceded it —inside out.
Mingle Mangle or Gallimaufry: ‘“Eumaeus’
Authors: Gibson Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Eighteenth-century England saw an increasing concern with the state of the language. Many eminent figures shared it, grammarians not least. As John Barrell has amply shown, it was connected with the belief that the question of the English language was also a question of nationhood; in particular, that the language could be a powerful instrument for national unity. The language at issue was always the English of a few, the ‘men of letters and education’ . In his Philosophy of Rhetoric (1776), George Campbell claimed that ‘ninety-nine of a hundred’ English speakers did not speak the language of ‘custom’ or ‘the language properly so-called’.2 Swift, Johnson, Burke, and many others asserted the need to protect the language against reform, innovation, and ‘improper’ usage.
An Aberration of the Light of Reason: ‘Ithaca’1
Authors: Science Anglo-Irish 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Ithaca’ is self-evidently concerned with contemporary, scientific discourses. In engaging with them, it also engages with the cultural politics of science in Ireland, and is partly to be understood as Joyce’s intervention in that politics. Frank A. J. L. James has asserted that, up to and including the period in question, there was no ‘characteristically Irish’ science. The scientific institutions existing in Ireland were not home-grown products, and must always be located within the context of a larger, i.e. British scientific activity. The many scientists the British government employed in Ireland were mainly English and Anglo-Irish.
The End of All Resistance: ‘Penelope’
Authors: Gibson Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Why does Joyce give Molly Bloom a childhood and youth specifically in Gibraltar? The Rock had apparently no personal significance for Joyce, and he never visited it. So why does Gibraltar figure so significantly in the closing pages of Ulysses? With one or two notable exceptions, like Susan Bazargan, critics have seldom addressed this question. As Bazargan indicates, however, one principal issue is clearly Gibraltar’s status as a British colony; a colony, moreover, where, because of the relative smallness of the place and the concentration of its armed forces, the British presence was uniquely conspicuous. However, the generality of ‘colonial status’ tells us too little.
The First and Second Satires of the Second Book of Horace (I733–I734): Parallel Texts
Authors: McLaverty James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After the Dunciad Variorum and its revisions, the imitations of Horace are Pope’s most elaborate examples of bookmaking. Extravagant in print and paper, they presented the Latin (in italic) and English (in roman) on facing pages, and they employed a double apparatus to specify the relations between the two texts. A system of small superior numbers linked the texts by dividing them into equivalent sections, and key words in the Latin text were highlighted by being printed in roman.
Arbitrary and Despotic Characters
Authors: Bowen John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A Christmas Carol starts with the ambiguous words, ‘Marley was dead: to begin with.’1 Like many storytellers, Dickens begins with what appears at first to be a simple and unequivocal death, but as so often in his work there is no simple end to the life, or beginning to the story, for, as Scrooge and we learn, Jacob Marley will not stay dead. He returns to tell Scrooge to change his life, bringing with him three Christmas Spirits, festive and demanding in equal measure. Scrooge is made to visit his own grave, to appear at his own wake as it were, an event which is also his awakening.
Nell’s Crypt: The Old Curiosity Shop and Master Humphrey’s Clock
Authors: Bowen John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are Many echoes of Nicholas Nickleby in the Old Curiosity Shop. Both begin with the impoverishment of their admirable but vulnerable central character (through Nicholas’s father’s bankruptcy and death and Nell’s grandfather’s gam bling) which precipitates the hero out of the family home and into a series of loosely related encounters and adventures. Nicholas and Nell both have a foolish relative (Mrs Nickle by, Nell’s grandfather), visit a country school, and meet sympathetically drawn travelling showmen who help them.
Marriage and Oxford: 1872-1878
Authors: Sutherland John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE first question that the newly-wed Wards had to confront was whether to stay on in Oxford. By marrying, Humphry had thrown away his fellowship and was now demoted to the rank of college tutor. Partly this was the con¬sequence of Brasenose intransigence. But it was also an unflattering measure of Humphry’s worth in the academic market. His friend Mandell Creighton had found himself in a similar dilemma on becoming engaged at exactly the same period. Mandell wrote to his Louise that he was 'distracted by advice from every side what to do; several of the Fellows beseech me not to leave the college .... Others of my friends advise me at all events to keep my Tutorship, even if I vacate my Fellowship by marriage, and stay at Oxford taking pupils’.1 He was also strongly tempted by the offer of a remunerative teaching job at Harrow School.
The Right Book: 1883-1884
Authors: Sutherland John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE Wards’ early years in London were among the most hectic and engrossing of Mary Ward’s life. They should also have been fulfilling. She was a successful hostess, a successful journalist, a successful mother and wife. Yet she seems never to have relinquished for a minute her ambition to write a great book. Every other success was secondary.
Respectable Genius: 1890-1900
Authors: Sutherland John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE dominant tone of Mrs Humphry Ward’s mind and conduct in the 1890s was one of deafening ‘Respectability’. Appearance—or ‘what people will think’—was her fetish. Social conformity is usual enough in middle age, as a kind of hardening of the moral arteries. But in Mary Ward’s case there were other factors than her advancing fiftieth birthday.
Health: 1890-1900
Authors: Sutherland John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE refrain running through all Mary Ward’s letters and private papers from 1883 until her death is that of ill health. One could write her biography as a sixty-nine-year medical case report or an anthology of the age’s female invalidisms. Over the years she was racked by a baffling array of chronic, acute, subacute, psychosomatic, and organic ailments.
Mid-Edwardian: 1906
Authors: Sutherland John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
BY 1905 Mrs Humphry Ward could plausibly claim to be the most famous living novelist in the world. Russian prisoners taken in the 1905 war with Japan asked for her novels above all others. Their compatriot Tolstoy concurred in ranking Mrs Ward as England’s greatest artist in fiction—England’s Tolstoy. Although it was not a source of much money for her, she was translated and read everywhere on the Continent, in Scandinavia, in the Balkans, and in the English colonies.
Calamities: 1912-1914
Authors: Sutherland John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE early months of 1912 saw the anticlimax of the Conciliation Bill. Mrs Ward, who was the antis’ only star woman speaker, motored all over England to rallies. That at Colston Hall in Bristol on 16 February was memorable. Lord Cromer—-now a doddering old man—was in the chair; Charles Hobhouse, MP for Bristol, was the main male speaker.
The End: 1918-1920
Authors: Sutherland John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE WARDS discovered like the rest of the British middle classes that world wars do not come cheap. They were in fact peculiarly vulnerable to sky- high tax assessments. Mary Ward had an extraordinarily large income from her books and the family possessed what looked on paper like vast property holdings. They leased a fine house in the West End of London; they owned a country house and estate in Hertfordshire, and a clutch of adjoining farms and cottages.
Introduction
Authors: Fuller David , Fuller Patricia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The underlying purpose of this collection of essays is to reflect, directly and obliquely, on developments in criticism which bear on a debate between different models of knowledge—a science model and its place in the university versus other ways of conceiving knowledge for which the arts have traditionally been seen as vehicles but which the science model makes currently problematic. It has, of course, been open to contributors to challenge this way of conceiving the problem. We invited contributions from outside the literary academy (Doris Lessing, Raymond Tallis, and, in his current work, David Lodge) so that discussion could range beyond points of view directly informed by, but also therefore inevitably caught up in, the institutional construction of the subject on which it was part of our aim to reflect.
Science and the Self Lacan’s Doctrine of the Signifier
Authors: Berthoud Jacques 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Interpretations of Lacan’s work vary enormously, but there seems to be some convergence on the view that it represents an attempt to raise psychoanalysis to the level of a science, along with other so-called human sciences such as linguistics, anthropology, sociology, even literary theory. It is well known that this project, which would variously occupy Lacan’s energies for the rest of his life, first emerged in his address to the newly formed Socićtć Française de Psychanalyse in Rome in September 1953.’ It is equally agreed that it was in this ‘Rome Discourse’, as it is familiarly known, that Lacan registered for the first time, though somewhat covertly, the impact on himself of Levi-Strauss’s structural anthropology. What Lacan found in Levi-Strauss was a radical claim: ‘Like language, the social is an autonomous reality (in fact the same reality); symbols are more real than what they symbolise, the signifier precedes and determines the signified.’2 These combative propositions reflected Levi-Strauss’s early decision to ground social meaning in symbolic codes understood as conditions of social meaning.
Literary Criticism and Literary Creation
Authors: Lodge David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The word ‘criticism’ covers a great many types of reflection on literature, from the most private and casual to the most public and systematic. It includes the activity of reading itself, inasmuch as reading a literary text is a process of continuous interpretation and evaluation. The mere decision to go on reading a novel or poem to its end is a kind of critical act, since you will suffer no material loss or practical inconvenience by abandoning it. In this large sense, criticism is, as T. S. Eliot observed, ‘as inevitable as breathing’. But for the most part I shall be concerned with criticism as the written articulation of the reading process in the form of reviews, essays, books, which may themselves take many different forms and have many different objectives: descriptive, prescriptive, polemical, theoretical, and so on. Criticism covers a huge variety of discourses, and when generalizations are made about the relation between it and creative writing, or between it and scientific discourse, it is usually a particular type of criticism that is being referred to, implicitly or explicitly.