bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Performance of Care Tasks During Acute Hospitalisation: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kurtz Chava , Tonkikh Orly , Spitzer Sivan , Shadmi Efrat 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatient self‐care is established as improving outcomes, yet acute care in hospitals is provided such that patients tend to be passive recipients of care. Little is known about the extent and type of patient participation in treatment care tasks in acute hospital settings.AimsTo map and synthesise available literature on self‐performance of care tasks in acute hospital settings.DesignA scoping review was conducted guided by JBI methodology.MethodsA literature search was conducted in July 2021 and updated in March 2024 across five databases: Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, Embase and Web of Science. Studies were screened using predefined eligibility criteria. Full‐text screening and data extraction were performed independently by two researchers. Data were collected using a template specifically designed for this review. Reporting followed the PRISMA‐ScR guideline.ResultsOf the 31,361 articles identified, 35 were included. Most of the articles were experimental (n = 20) and conducted in Europe (n = 13), North America (n = 10) and Australia (n = 3). Studies were classified according to investigation of the performance of care tasks (n = 6) or of the outcomes of the performance of the self‐care task (n = 29).Most tasks performed involved self‐administration of medication (n = 31), only 4 articles referred to other care tasks. Most articles focused on acute tasks (n = 18), while 15 articles referred to chronic care tasks. Ostomy self‐care (n = 2) was a separate category, being an acute task that continued into chronic self‐care.ConclusionPerformance of care tasks by patients in acute care settings are predominantly related to chronic and pain medication administration.Implications for CarePatient preferences and competency to self‐perform care tasks during hospitalisation should be assessed and monitored and supported accordingly. Utilising hospitalisation time to observe and assess self‐care practices could provide additional teaching opportunities to patient self‐care and improve overall care continuity.Reporting MethodThe PRISMA‐ScR guideline was followed.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.Trial and Protocol RegistrationThis review was registered on Open Science Framework before running the final search: (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/D8KS2).
Designing Stress Scenarios
Authors: PARLATORE CECILIA , PHILIPPON THOMAS 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe study the optimal design of stress scenarios. A principal manages the unknown risk exposures of agents by asking them to report losses under hypothetical scenarios before taking remedial actions. We apply a Kalman filter to solve the learning problem, and we relate the optimal design to the risk environment, the principal's preferences, and available interventions. In a banking context, optimal capital requirements cover losses under an adverse scenario, while targeted interventions depend on covariances among residual exposures and systematic risks. Our calibration reveals that information is particularly valuable for targeted interventions as opposed to broad capital requirements.
Surface Electromyographic Activities of Submental and Infrahyoid Muscles: Comparisons Based on Residue, Penetration and Aspiration
Authors: Gölaç Hakan , Atalık Güzide , Gülaçtı Adnan , Cebeci Süleyman , Şansal Ebru , Ceylan Banu Tijen , Gündüz Bülent , Yılmaz Metin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundSurface electromyography (sEMG) has been used in a wide range of studies conducted in the field of dysphagia.ObjectivesThe main aim of this case–control study is to obtain how submental and infrahyoid sEMG signals differ based on residue, penetration and aspiration.MethodsA total of 100 participants (50 patients with suspected dysphagia and 50 healthy controls) were enrolled in the present study. Participants with suspected dysphagia underwent a detailed fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) to observe the efficiency and safety of swallowing using the Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale (YPRSRS) and the Penetration–Aspiration Scale (PAS), respectively. Afterward, sEMG parameters, including submental muscle activity duration (SMM‐AD), infrahyoid muscle activity duration (IM‐AD), amplitude of submental muscles (A‐SMM) and amplitude of infrahyoid muscles (A‐IM) were obtained during three consecutive dry swallows from all study cohorts.ResultsThere were significantly higher SMM‐AD values in patients with a YPRSRS score of 1–2 and a YPRSRS score of 3–5 for residue in vallecula compared to the controls (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Both subgroups of patients with a YPRSRS score of 1–2 and a YPRSRS score of 3–5 for residue in piriforms showed significantly higher SMM‐AD values compared to the controls (p < 0.001 and p = 0.048, respectively). The same prolongation of SMM‐AD was also evident for the patients with airway invasion (penetration or aspiration) compared to the controls (p = 0.042 and p < 0.001, respectively). The other measured sEMG parameters (IM‐AD, A‐SMM and A‐IM) did not differ significantly based on FEES outcomes (p > 0.05).ConclusionSince the availability of instrumental swallowing assessment methods in clinical practice is quite challenging, specific sEMG parameters may be useful to predict possible residue, penetration, or aspiration events in patients with dysphagia. SMM‐AD can be considered as a first‐line assessment parameter for possible residue, penetration, and aspiration events before referring patients for further instrumental methods.
Oral Functions and Various Cooking Methods Associated With Chewing‐To‐Swallowing Time in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Lin P. C. , Huang C. H. , Wu J. H. , Lin Y. C. , Matsuo Koichiro , Huang H. L. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundOral frailty in older adults can affect their eating efficiency, prolonging meal times, which can compromise food flavour.ObjectiveThis study explored the association between cooking methods and chewing‐to‐swallowing time on the basis of different oral functions in older adults.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study involved 65 community‐dwelling individuals aged ≥ 65 years. Chewing‐to‐swallowing time was measured as participants tested the textures of two ingredients—chicken breast and baby Chinese cabbage—prepared using four cooking methods (boiling, sous vide, confit and high‐pressure). Oral frailty was determined by the following items: tooth count, bite force, saliva secretion rate, swallowing, tongue‐lip motor function and oral hygiene. Regression models analysed the correlation between cooking methods and chewing‐to‐swallowing time under various oral functions.ResultsNo differences in chewing‐to‐swallowing time were found for chicken prepared using the various cooking methods among older adults with oral frailty (all p > 0.05). However, for older adults without oral frailty had a shorter chewing‐to‐swallowing time for both sous vide (β = −1.06, p < 0.001) and confit chicken (β = −1.79, p = 0.003) than for boiled chicken. For older adults with oral frailty had a shorter chewing‐to‐swallowing time for sous vide (β = −0.06, p < 0.001) and high‐pressure methods (β = −1.16, p < 0.001) than for boiled vegetable. For older adults without oral frailty had a shorter chewing‐to‐swallowing time for high‐pressure methods (β = −0.83, p < 0.001) than for boiled vegetable.ConclusionUnder different oral functional conditions, cooking methods are associated with the chewing and swallowing times of older adults.
Beyond the mouth: An overview of obstructive sleep apnea in adults for dentists
Authors: Cacho Valerie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common and complex medical sleep condition in adults that is associated with chronic medical and mental health conditions. Left undiagnosed and untreated it can decrease quality of life and increase morbidity and mortality. Dentists are at the forefront for screening OSA in their role to maintain the health of the oral cavity. Clinical experience in the management of OSA in dentists is limited. The aim of this article is to provide dentists with foundational knowledge about OSA to empower them to play an active role in the care management of screening and treating OSA.
Nurses' Perception and Insight Into Uremic Pruritus in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease on Dialysis: A Survey‐Based Study
Authors: Zito Maria Pia , Fabbri Cinzia , Del Grosso Francesca , Barci Francesco , Ferraro Giuseppe , De Pascale Gessica , Santapaola Giovanna , Canzi Mara , Neiviller Valerio , Pizzo Alessandro 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundUremic pruritus is a quite common condition among patients with chronic kidney disease. Symptom severity and patterns are variable.AimTo assess how nurses in the field of nephrology perceive the issue of uremic pruritus in dialysis patients and the relevance of this condition.DesignA qualitative survey‐based study.ParticipantsNurses working in the field of nephrology.MethodsNurses were administered an online survey with a 10‐item survey (5 on socio‐demographics, 5 specific to nephrology). Responses were reported in descriptive form and response rates.ResultsThe study involved 185 nurses working in the field of nephrology, most of which were over the age of 40, and 39% had over 20 years of experience. Most perceived that uremic pruritus has decreased over the years thanks to better dialysis methods and that it is currently independent of the type of dialysis. Fifty‐two percent estimate pruritus affects half or more of patients, and 47.6% that it affects only a minority. 75% estimate moderate‐to‐severe uremic pruritus involves between 1 and 3 cases every 10 patients (40.5% estimating ≤3/10 patients and 34.6% ≤1/10 patients), and 25% it affects at least half of patients. 41% estimate that more than half the patients do not find relief from PU to prevent it from impairing their quality of life.ConclusionsThe results highlight a large divergence in the perception of uremic pruritus among nurses. While this evidence the need for greater awareness on uremic pruritus, this also suggests a privileged role for nurses in detecting uremic pruritus occurrence and properly referring patients to nephrologist.
Maternal Western Diet Programmes Bile Acid Dysregulation and Hepatic Fibrosis in Fetal and Juvenile Macaques
Authors: Nash Michael J. , Dobrinskikh Evgenia , Al‐Juboori Saif I. , Janssen Rachel C. , Fernandes Jolyn , Argabright Amy , D'Alessandro Angelo , Kirigiti Melissa A. , Kievit Paul , Aagaard Kjersti M. , McCurdy Carrie E. , Gannon Maureen , Jones Kenneth L. , Li Tiangang , Friedman Jacob E. , Wesolowski Stephanie R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsMaternal obesity increases the risk of the paediatric form of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), affecting up to 30% of youth, but the developmental origins remain poorly understood.MethodsUsing a Japanese macaque model, we investigated the impact of maternal Western‐style diet (mWSD) or chow diet followed by postweaning WSD (pwWSD) or chow diet focusing on bile acid (BA) homeostasis and hepatic fibrosis in livers from third‐trimester fetuses and 3‐year‐old juvenile offspring.ResultsJuveniles exposed to mWSD had increased hepatic collagen I/III content and stellate cell activation in portal regions. mWSD increased transcriptional signatures of FXR activation, while pwWSD impaired FXR pathway genes and increased liver BA content. Both mWSD and pwWSD increased serum BA concentrations. Notably, mWSD‐exposed juvenile offspring had increased periportal CK19 expression and cholangiocyte gene expression supporting proliferation compared with maternal chow‐exposed offspring. Fetuses exposed to mWSD had increased CK19 expression and hepatic BAs which correlated positively with periportal collagen deposition and negatively with markers of fetal oxygenation. In juvenile offspring, increased serum BAs correlated positively with hepatic oxidative stress and portal fibrosis without elevated liver enzymes.ConclusionsmWSD is associated with hallmarks of paediatric MASLD including portal bile ductular reaction, portal fibrosis and dysregulated BA homeostasis. These conditions begin in utero and persist in juvenile offspring regardless of their postweaning diet. These findings implicate changes in BA metabolism that may drive developmental programming of MASLD in juvenile offspring beginning in utero.
Precision in Liver Diagnosis: Varied Accuracy Across Subgroups and the Need for Variable Thresholds in Diagnosis of MASLD
Authors: Vali Yasaman , van Dijk Anne‐Marieke , Lee Jenny , Boursier Jerome , Ratziu Vlad , Yunis Carla , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Valenti Luca , Gomez Manuel Romero , Schuppan Detlef , Petta Salvatore , Allison Mike , Hartman Mark L. , Porthan Kimmo , Dufour Jean‐Francois , Bugianesi Elisabetta , Gastadelli Amalia , Derdak Zoltan , Fournier‐Poizat Celine , Shumbayawonda Elizabeth , Kalutkiewicz Michael , Yki‐Jarvinen Hannele , Ekstedt Mattias , Geier Andreas , Trylesinski Aldo , Francque Sven , Brass Clifford , Pavlides Michael , Holleboom Adriaan G. , Nieuwdorp Max , Anstee Quentin M. , Bossuyt Patrick M. ,   the LITMUS investigators
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsThe performance of non‐invasive liver tests (NITs) is known to vary across settings and subgroups. We systematically evaluated whether the performance of three NITs in detecting advanced fibrosis in patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) varies with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) status or liver enzymes.MethodsData from 586 adult LITMUS Metacohort participants with histologically characterised MASLD were included. The diagnostic performance of the Fibrosis‐4 Index (FIB‐4), enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) and vibration‐controlled transient elastography liver stiffness measurement (VCTE LSM) was evaluated. Performance was expressed as the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC). Thresholds for detecting advanced fibrosis (≥F3) were calculated for each NIT for fixed (high) sensitivity, specificity and predictive values.ResultsDifferences in AUC between all subgroups were small and statistically not significant, indicating comparable performance in detecting ≥F3, irrespective of these clinical factors. However, different thresholds were needed to achieve the same level of accuracy with each test. For example, for a fixed sensitivity and specificity, the thresholds for all three NITs were higher in patients with T2DM. Effects for sex, age and liver enzymes were less pronounced.ConclusionsPerformance of the selected NITs in detecting advanced liver fibrosis does not vary substantially with clinical characteristics. However, different thresholds have to be selected to achieve the same sensitivity, specificity and predictive values in the respective subgroups. Large prospective studies are called for to study NIT accuracy considering multiple patient characteristics.
Therapeutic potential of stem cell‐derived somatic cells to treat metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease and diabetes
Authors: Gilglioni Eduardo H. , Bansal Mayank , St‐Pierre‐Wijckmans Wadsen , Talamantes Stephanie , Kasarinaite Alvile , Hay David C. , Gurzov Esteban N. 
Published: January 2025

SummaryDevelopments in basic stem cell biology have paved the way for technology translation in human medicine. An exciting prospective use of stem cells is the ex vivo generation of hepatic and pancreatic endocrine cells for biomedical applications. This includes creating novel models ‘in a dish’ and developing therapeutic strategies for complex diseases, such as metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and diabetes. In this review, we explore recent advances in the generation of stem cell‐derived hepatocyte‐like cells and insulin‐producing β‐like cells. We cover the different differentiation strategies, new discoveries, and the caveats that still exist regarding their routine use. Finally, we discuss the challenges and limitations of stem cell‐derived therapies as a clinical strategy to manage metabolic diseases in humans.
Can fundus features tell us something about 3D eye shape?
Authors: Yii Fabian , Strang Niall C. , Gibbon Samuel , MacGillivray Tom J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether imaging features derived from fundus photographs contain 3D eye shape information beyond that available from spherical equivalent refraction (SER).MethodsWe analysed 99 eyes of 68 normal adults in the UK Biobank. An ellipsoid was fitted to the entire volume of each posterior eye (vitreous chamber without the lens)—segmented from magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Asphericity was computed based on the semidiameters of the ellipsoid's axes to describe posterior eye shape along the horizontal (temporal–nasal) and vertical (superior–inferior) meridians, while volume was calculated as the total number of foreground voxels. Mixed‐effects linear regression models were used to test the association of SER with asphericity and volume, controlling for age and sex. Then, the association between various fundus features and asphericity was tested—both before and after controlling for SER, age and sex.ResultsPosterior eyes were generally oblate (asphericity > 0), but the degree of oblateness reduced as SER decreased, with the shape tending towards prolateness in high myopia. Neither sex nor age influenced asphericity. However, males had larger posterior eyes on average (this difference disappeared after height was additionally controlled for). Optic disc (OD) orientation, OD‐fovea angle, vessel tortuosity, vessel fractal dimension and central retinal arteriolar or venular equivalent (CRAE or CRVE) showed significant univariable associations with asphericity along at least one meridian. After controlling for SER, age and sex, a more negative OD‐fovea angle (larger OD‐fovea angular separation) remained significantly associated with reduced horizontal oblateness (p = 0.01). Similarly, decreasing CRAE (narrower arterioles) remained significantly associated with reduced oblateness along both the horizontal (p = 0.04) and vertical (p < 0.01) meridians.ConclusionsVariations in OD‐fovea angle and CRAE are associated with differences in ocular asphericity—even in eyes with similar SER—suggesting that fundus imaging provides eye shape information beyond what is available from refractive error alone.
A Rare Case of Sitagliptin‐Induced Oral Ulceration
Authors: Elamin Abeer , Milligan Rebekah , Marley John 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionThere is a spectrum of adverse drug reactions in the oral cavity, ranging from drug‐induced xerostomia to the development of severe mucosal disorders including extensive ulceration and mucositis. In relation to drug‐induced ulcerations, there are previously established adverse effects of some medications such as nicorandil and low‐dose methotrexate. There are however, limited reports on the effects of DD4 Inhibitors (Gliptins) on the oral cavity.AimThe aim of this case report is to highlight the rare finding of oral ulceration as an adverse effect of sitagliptin therapy. This case will add to the literature and promote awareness to our colleagues about the implications of gliptin therapy.MethodsThe case details an 87‐year‐old male who attended our oral surgery clinic with a persistent ulcer of 6 weeks on the lateral border of the tongue. The patient was started on Sitagliptin for management of his diabetes mellitus 4 months prior to the development of the lesion. Haematinic investigations also revealed a diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia. The sitagliptin was stopped and the patient was treated for iron deficiency anaemia. This resulted in complete resolution of the ulcer. We also conducted a literature search which reveals only four reported incidences of gliptin induced oral ulceration.ConclusionThis case highlights that oral ulceration, or mucosal changes are likely adverse effects of sitagliptin therapy. This emphasises the importance of undertaking thorough history and correlating their systemic conditions to clinical findings to achieve an accurate diagnosis.
Improvement in Central Sensitization Following Total Knee Arthroplasty Is Associated With Severe Preoperative Pain and Affects Postoperative Quality of Life: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Koh Hae Seok , Kim Yoon‐Chung , Park DoJoon , Kang Mu Hyun , Choi Youn‐Ho 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveCentral sensitization (CS) is associated with quality of life (QOL) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, how CS changes after TKA and whether these changes have clinical relevance remain unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify changes in CS after TKA and to assess the clinical significance of these changes.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted on 92 patients between January 2021 and May 2023. CS severity was quantified using the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI). One year after TKA, the patients were divided into groups based on whether CS severity improved by ≥ 1 level (improved group) or did not improve (non‐improved group). The differences in preoperative and postoperative characteristics of patients in the two groups were analyzed. These characteristics included demographics, underlying diseases, physical examinations, and the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score. QOL improvement was compared based on two different minimal clinically important changes (MIC) in the Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36). Continuous variables were compared using Student's t‐test or the Mann–Whitney U‐test. The chi‐squared test was used to compare categorical variables.ResultsThe postoperative CS severity in patients was significantly lower compared to preoperative levels (p < 0.001). The improved group exhibited a lower HSS knee pain score (p < 0.001). Out of the eight SF‐36 scales, five showed significantly greater improvement in the improved group compared to the non‐improved group. The mean postoperative increases in scores for all eight SF‐36 scales exceeded the MIC in the improved group, whereas half of the scales fell below the MIC in the non‐improved group.ConclusionsCS showed improvement after TKA, particularly in patients with more severe preoperative pain. This improvement appears to be correlated with the improvement in QOL after TKA.