bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating Potential Drug Targets in Intracranial Aneurysms through Mendelian Randomization and Transcriptome Analyses
Authors: shao Dongqi , Li Yu , Xie Shan , Niu Pengyuan , Wu Junyong , Tang Huadong , Li Kaixuan , Li Qingshu , Zhang Binbin , Jiang Zhiquan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Intracranial aneurysms represent one of the most common and life-threatening vascular diseases. Transcriptomics and immune cell infiltration have been shown to be critical in the occurrence and progression of intracranial aneurysms. This study aimed to investigate the key genes and immune mechanisms involved in intracranial aneurysms through bioinformatics analysis and Mendelian randomization (MR) validation.
Methods: Gene microarray datasets were obtained from the gene expression synthesis (GEO) public website. By integrating CIBERSORT, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and differentially expressed genes (DEGs), we identified key genes associated with intracranial aneurysms and having the highest intracranial aneurysm connectivity. Subsequently, PPI was used to further explore the key genes. Major biological functions and signaling pathways were elucidated through gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Then, immunoinfiltration analysis of intracranial aneurysms and pivotal genes was performed. Finally, MR was performed to explore the immune mechanisms associated with intracranial aneurysms.
Results: We identified the hub gene TTK through the GEO database, WGCNA, and PPI. The nomogram showed that TTK exhibited a higher risk, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was greater than 0.8, and the diagnostic accuracy of TTK was higher. Immunoinfiltration confirmed that natural killer (NK) cells might be related to intracranial aneurysms and the TTK gene, and MR confirmed that absolute NK cell count was significantly related to intracranial aneurysms.
Conclusion: Our study suggests that TTK may be involved in the progression of intracranial aneurysms through the absolute count of pro-inflammatory NK cells. Thus, TTK may be a prognostic biomarker and intervention target for intracranial aneurysm.
The Impact of Meditation on Learning among College Students: An Experimental Research Study
Authors: SWARGIARY KHRITISH 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This experimental research study investigates the effects of meditation on learning outcomes among college students. A sample of 50 college students from diverse academic disciplines was randomly assigned to two groups: the Meditation Group (n = 25) and the Control Group (n = 25). The Meditation Group participated in a structured meditation program, while the Control Group did not engage in any meditation practices. Learning outcomes were assessed using a pre-test and post-test. The results of this study indicate that meditation has a significant positive impact on learning among college students, suggesting its potential benefits in educational settings.
The Factorial Phenomenon: Unraveling the Mysteries of Finite Differences in Polynomials
Authors: Tusher Mahatir Ahmed , Mukeshbhai Shah Parth 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates the use of finite differences for polynomial functions of degree n. Initially, we observed the only common number in the nth steps differences between each consecutive power of the nth exponent of the ordinal numbers is the factorial of n. After that, we demonstrated that the nth order finite differences of such functions are constant with a value equal to n!. Specifically, we generate a sequence of powers of the ordinary numbers with an exponent of n, compute the finite differences of this sequence for each order from 1 to n, and observe that the result is a constant value equal to n! for each order. We have provided a proof of this observation using mathematical induction and showed that it holds true for all positive integers. We have constructed a mathematical formula that supports our statement. It is, Δn f(x) = n! . We have also presented a pseudo-code that implement the concept of finite differences and demonstrate its application for different values of n. The insights we've gathered hold significant value for the examination and construction of polynomial functions, offering applicable knowledge across diverse disciplines such as mathematics, engineering, and computer science.
A portrait of the bone mineral density of boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Vale Sancha Helena de Lima , Mizumoto Ana Carolina de Melo , Lima Luana da Costa , Cunha Thais Alves , Brandão-Neto José 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients are at risk of developing conditions that can compromise their bone health, such as fractures and walking impairment. We aimed to assess bone mineral density as a function of the age of DMD patients.
Materials and Methods The cross-sectional study included 48 participants. Bodyweight and height were collected to determine the height-for-age and BMI-for-age Z-scores. Lumbar spine (LS) and total body (TBLH) bone mineral density (BMD) measurements were performed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) of boys under 19 years-old were determined, and the BMD was adjusted for HAZ.
Results The DMD patients' HAZ curve is on the left compared to the WHO standard. The older patients had lower LS-BMD (p = 0.012) and TBLH-BMD (p <0.001) Z-score values than the younger patients. There was a moderate negative correlation between age and the LS-BMD Z-score (ñ = -0.49, p < 0.001), a strong negative correlation between age and the TBLH-BMD Z-score (ñ = -0.82, p < 0.001), and a moderate negative correlation between age and the TBLH-BMDHAZ (ñ = -0.33, p = 0.043).
Conclusion DMD patients have impaired linear growth, and older boys have more severe bone morbidity. For clinical evaluation of that population, it is necessary to consider the variables related to height since the delay in linear growth may underestimate the BMD Z-scores.
Application of water quality indices and geostatistical methods for analyzing mountain lakes in relation to anthropogenic influences and catchment features: a case study in East Sikkim, India
Authors: Auddy Nilabhra , Sinha Rupa , Das Bhattacharya Santasmita , Pobi Krishnendu Kumar , Dutta Subhankar , Nayek Sumanta 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Water quality, pollution level, and trophic conditions were assessed in Aritar Lake located in the Himalayas in East Sikkim, India, in relation to geo-environmental influences and anthropogenic activity in its catchment. A comprehensive method involving indexing and multivariate analyses was used. Geostatistical tools were employed to interpolate seasonal and spatial deviations in water quality, and nutrient and organic load distribution. Lake water nutrient index (NI) values were between 4.61 and 7.31, and 2.65 and 4.69 during pre- and post-monsoon seasons, respectively, indicating significant nutrient enrichment and eutrophic conditions. For both seasons, the estimated organic pollution index (OPI) showed class II contamination (contamination starting), with post-monsoon values being higher. The study shows clear signs of eutrophication and early organic pollution. Effective management plans and sustainable tourism practices may benefit the lake, by reducing contamination and protecting the integrity of its ecosystem.
Experimental investigation and modeling on the supersaturated total dissolved gas (TDG) dissipation in aeration
Authors: Yao Yuanbo , Yang Huixia , Wang Yunyun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Supersaturated total dissolved gas generation in rivers poses great harm to aquatic organisms. Thirty groups of supersaturated TDG dissipation experiments with aeration were carried out in three different types of water depth. These results showed that the reduced proportion of aeration aperture was 35.51% from 215 to 260 mm, the aeration rate decreased by 34.94% from 1.0 to 5.0 m3/h, whereas the aeration depth increased by 16.93% from 0.4 to 1.2 m. And the aeration rate from 1.0 to 5.0 m3/h, aeration aperture from 215 to 260 mm and aeration depth from 0.4 to 1.2 m, the variations of supersaturated TDG dissipation coefficients were 86.26, 23.74 and −5.39%, respectively. A quantitative relationship was established between supersaturated TDG dissipation coefficient and aeration conditions, the average error was 27.10%. And the TDG dissipation coefficients were elevated with the increasing aeration and aeration aperture in a power function relationship, while the aeration depth inhibited its dissipation. Moreover, when the critical TDG source treatment sensitivity parameter was β = 10.52, the error between the original experimental data and the simulated values of a multiphase TDG dissipation model was 0.2%. The study provides essential scientific data and guiding recommendations for mitigating the harms of supersaturated TDG and protecting the ecological environment.
Barcode Inbuilt Inter-operable Criminal Justice System: A Game Changer
in Forensic Laboratories
Authors: Prajapati Suneel , Yadav Vishnu Dev , Sapkota Megha , Mishra Aditi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Advanced techniques are highly required in forensic science laboratories and law enforcement agencies, such as barcoding, QR code, near-field communication (NFC), and radiofrequency identification (RFID), to track and manage forensic evidence. It is requisite to have a
unique code system that will identify evidence and convey all the associated information, making
capturing, collection, and transfer of data to track assets in real-time more efficient. Barcodes or
QR code tag-identifying systems should be used for identification alerts, and their implementation in forensic laboratories will ease communication between the pillars of the criminal justice
system. A barcode or QR code-based digital platform can be used to validate the forensic examiners or elected handlers during the examination process and to gain access based on definite
functions and duties. The aim of this article was to increase transparency in the forensic case
examination, collection, and transfer of data of forensic evidence in order to enhance the satisfaction and trust of the citizens in the forensic, police, and judiciary systems and minimise the
chances of intentional and unintended manipulations. To safeguard evidence's integrity and identity, and enhance its accountability, barcodes or QR codes are placed on evidences that are sent
to a forensic science laboratory from the scene of the crime. Thus, a scientific approach to modernizing and upgrading the forensic system is strongly recommended by using such technology.
The Easy and Versatile Neural Recording Platform (T-REX): Design and Development Study
Authors: Amigó-Vega Joaquín , Ottenhoff Maarten C , Verwoert Maxime , Kubben Pieter , Herff Christian 
Published: October 2023

Background
Recording time in invasive neuroscientific research is limited and must be used as efficiently as possible. Time is often lost due to a long setup time and errors by the researcher, driven by the number of manually performed steps. Currently, recording solutions that automate experimental overhead are either custom-made by researchers or provided as a submodule in comprehensive neuroscientific toolboxes, and there are no platforms focused explicitly on recording.

Objective
Minimizing the number of manual actions may reduce error rates and experimental overhead. However, automation should avoid reducing the flexibility of the system. Therefore, we developed a software package named T-REX (Standalone Recorder of Experiments) that specifically simplifies the recording of experiments while focusing on retaining flexibility.

Methods
The proposed solution is a standalone webpage that the researcher can provide without an active internet connection. It is built using Bootstrap5 for the frontend and the Python package Flask for the backend. Only Python 3.7+ and a few dependencies are required to start the different experiments. Data synchronization is implemented using Lab Streaming Layer, an open-source networked synchronization ecosystem, enabling all major programming languages and toolboxes to be used for developing and executing the experiments. Additionally, T-REX runs on Windows, Linux, and macOS.

Results
The system reduces experimental overhead during recordings to a minimum. Multiple experiments are centralized in a simple local web interface that reduces an experiment’s setup, start, and stop to a single button press. In principle, any type of experiment, regardless of the scientific field (eg, behavioral or cognitive sciences, and electrophysiology), can be executed with the platform. T-REX includes an easy-to-use interface that can be adjusted to specific recording modalities, amplifiers, and participants. Because of the automated setup, easy recording, and easy-to-use interface, participants may even start and stop experiments by themselves, thus potentially providing data without the researcher’s presence.

Conclusions
We developed a new recording platform that is operating system independent, user friendly, and robust. We provide researchers with a solution that can greatly increase the time spent on recording instead of setting up (with its possible errors).
Efficacy and Safety of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis to Control HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Protocol for a Single-Arm Interventional Study
Authors: Terada-Hirashima Junko , Mizushima Daisuke , Takano Misao , Tokita Daisuke , Oka Shinichi 
Published: October 2023

Background
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) against HIV infection is a new approach that involves the prophylactic use of the anti-HIV drug Truvada (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate [TDF] and emtricitabine [FTC]) by people not infected with HIV.

Objective
The objective of this investigator-initiated clinical study of PrEP was to evaluate the incidence of HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI), safety and efficacy of PrEP in PrEP users, and their compliance with PrEP medication. The social, medical, and economic benefits of PrEP in Japan was assessed.

Methods
This single-center feasibility study of PrEP was conducted at the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, where a cohort of men who have sex with men without HIV was established in January 2017. This single-arm interventional study compared the efficacy and safety of PrEP in a single group of men who have sex with men who participated in PrEP cohort studies. For reference, the cohort study participants who did not participate in the PrEP study were included for comparison. Blood samples were collected for storage at baseline and clinic visits at 1, 3, and 6 months after starting PrEP and every 3 months thereafter. The participants were administered with 1 tablet of Truvada once daily as PrEP. They underwent blood and anal swab tests 1 and 3 months after starting PrEP and then HIV and STI infection assessments at 3-month intervals. Blood samples were centrifuged at the AIDS Clinical Center Laboratory. PrEP safety was evaluated by monitoring serum creatinine levels for symptoms of renal function disorders. The primary end point was the incidence of HIV in PrEP users (100 person-years). The secondary end points were the incidence of STI in PrEP users (100 person-years), incidence of adverse events caused by Truvada, frequency of high-risk sexual activity, and adherence to periodic visits and medication.

Results
The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the certified review board of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM-C-003129-03) on April 20, 2020. Changes to the study plan were submitted for review by the certified review board and approved before implementation. Recruitment was completed on March 28, 2019, and the study was completed (last adult participant and last time point) on March 31, 2021. The data were analyzed, and the main results of the study have been published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Conclusions
The findings indicated that PrEP is a highly effective and feasible strategy against HIV infection in terms of prophylactic response, retention, and compliance.

Trial Registration
UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000031040; https://tinyurl.com/3msdkeb8 and Japan Registry of Clinical Trials jRCTs031180134; https://tinyurl.com/2p88mhyr

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR1-10.2196/50919
The Impact of Audit Office Cybersecurity Experience on Nonbreach Client's Audit Fees and Cybersecurity Risks
Authors: Li He , Sun Zhengjie , Huang Feiqi 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThis study investigates whether auditors’ experiences with their clients’ cybersecurity incidents affect their subsequent audits for nonbreach clients and help those clients reduce cybersecurity risks. We find that audit offices who have experience with cybersecurity-breached clients, ceteris paribus, charge higher audit fees from nonbreach clients. Additionally, the increased audit fees conditional on auditors’ cybersecurity experience are negatively associated with nonbreach clients’ future breach incidents. Such associations are found only in the Big 4 audit offices and offices with IT capability. This study offers timely insights for standard setters and important implications for both professionals and the academic literature by documenting the spillover effect of cybersecurity experience on subsequent risk assessments of nonbreach clients, while also confirming the effectiveness of engaging auditors in addressing cybersecurity matters.Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources identified in the article.JEL Classifications: M42.
Weight Loss–Independent Effect of Liraglutide on Insulin Sensitivity in Individuals With Obesity and Prediabetes
Authors: Mashayekhi Mona , Nian Hui , Mayfield Dustin , Devin Jessica K. , Gamboa Jorge L. , Yu Chang , Silver Heidi J. , Niswender Kevin , Luther James M. , Brown Nancy J. 
Published: October 2023

Metabolic effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are confounded by weight loss and not fully recapitulated by increasing endogenous GLP-1. We tested the hypothesis that GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists exert weight loss–independent, GLP-1R–dependent effects that differ from effects of increasing endogenous GLP-1. Individuals with obesity and prediabetes were randomized to receive for 14 weeks the GLP-1R agonist liraglutide, a hypocaloric diet, or the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin. The GLP-1R antagonist exendin(9-39) and placebo were administered in a two-by-two crossover study during mixed-meal tests. Liraglutide and diet, but not sitagliptin, caused weight loss. Liraglutide improved insulin sensitivity measured by HOMA for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the updated HOMA model (HOMA2), and the Matsuda index after 2 weeks, prior to weight loss. Liraglutide decreased fasting and postprandial glucose levels, and decreased insulin, C-peptide, and fasting glucagon levels. In contrast, diet-induced weight loss improved insulin sensitivity by HOMA-IR and HOMA2, but not the Matsuda index, and did not decrease glucose levels. Sitagliptin increased endogenous GLP-1 and GIP values without altering insulin sensitivity or fasting glucose levels, but decreased postprandial glucose and glucagon levels. Notably, sitagliptin increased GIP without altering weight. Acute GLP-1R antagonism increased glucose levels in all groups, increased the Matsuda index and fasting glucagon level during liraglutide treatment, and increased endogenous GLP-1 values during liraglutide and sitagliptin treatments. Thus, liraglutide exerts rapid, weight loss–independent, GLP-1R–dependent effects on insulin sensitivity that are not achieved by increasing endogenous GLP-1.

Article Highlights
Metabolic benefits of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are confounded by weight loss and are not fully achieved by increasing endogenous GLP-1 through dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibition. We investigated weight loss–independent, GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R)–dependent metabolic effects of liraglutide versus a hypocaloric diet or the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin. GLP-1R antagonism with exendin(9-39) was used to assess GLP-1R–dependent effects during mixed meals. Liraglutide improved insulin sensitivity and decreased fasting and postprandial glucose prior to weight loss, and these benefits were reversed by exendin(9-39). GLP-1R agonists exert rapid, weight loss–independent, GLP-1R–dependent effects on insulin sensitivity not achieved by increasing endogenous GLP-1.
Reduced Insulin Clearance Differently Relates to Increased Liver Lipid Content and Worse Glycemic Control in Recent-Onset Type 2 and Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Zaharia Oana-Patricia , Antoniou Sofia , Bobrov Pavel , Karusheva Yanislava , Bódis Kálmán , Kupriyanova Yuliya , Schrauwen-Hinderling Vera , Gastaldelli Amalia , Szendroedi Julia , Wagner Robert , Burkart Volker , Roden Michael ,   GDS Group, Roden Michael , Al-Hasani Hadi , Belgardt Bengt , Bönhof Gidon Josia , Geerling Gerd , Herder Christian , Icks Andrea , Jandeleit-Dahm Karin , Kotzka Jörg , Kuß Oliver , Lammert Eckhard , Rathmann Wolfgang , Schlesinger Sabrina , Schrauwen-Hinderling Vera , Szendroedi Julia , Trenkamp Sandra , Wagner Robert 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVE
Diabetes may feature impaired insulin kinetics, which could be aggravated by altered hepatic metabolism and glycemic control. Thus, we examined insulin clearance and its possible determinants in individuals with recent-onset diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Participants of the German Diabetes Study (GDS) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) (n = 306), type 2 diabetes (T2D) (n = 489), or normal glucose tolerance (control [CON]) (n = 167) underwent hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps for assessment of whole-body insulin sensitivity (M value) and insulin clearance (ICCLAMP). Insulin clearance rates were further calculated during intravenous glucose tolerance tests (ICIVGTT) and mixed-meal tests (ICMMT). Hepatocellular lipid content (HCL) was quantified with 1H-MRS.

RESULTS
Both T1D and T2D groups had lower ICCLAMP (0.12 ± 0.07 and 0.21 ± 0.06 vs. 0.28 ± 0.14 arbitrary units [a.u.], respectively, all P &lt; 0.05) and ICMMT (0.71 ± 0.35 and 0.99 ± 0.33 vs. 1.20 ± 0.36 a.u., all P &lt; 0.05) than CON. In T1D, ICCLAMP, ICIVGTT, and ICMMT correlated negatively with HbA1c (all P &lt; 0.05). M value correlated positively with ICIVGTT in CON and T2D (r = 0.199 and r = 0.178, P &lt; 0.05) and with ICMMT in CON (r = 0.176, P &lt; 0.05). HCL negatively associated with ICIVGTT and ICMMT in T2D (r = −0.005 and r = −0.037) and CON (r = −0.127 and r = −0.058, all P &lt; 0.05). In line, T2D or CON subjects with steatosis featured lower ICMMT than those without steatosis (both P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Insulin clearance is reduced in both T1D and T2D within the first year after diagnosis but correlates negatively with liver lipid content rather in T2D. Moreover, insulin clearance differently associates with glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in each diabetes type, which may suggest specific mechanisms affecting insulin kinetics.