bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Quality Improvement Projects in Health Services: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Khalil Hanan , de Moel‐Mandel Caroline , Verma Deeksha , Kynoch Kathryn , Fernandez Ritin , Ramis Mary‐Anne , Opie Jessica E. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveCurrent QI reports within the literature frequently fail to provide enough information regarding interventions, and a significant number of publications do not mention the utilization of a guiding model or framework. The objective of this scoping review was to synthesize the characteristics of hospital‐based QI interventions and assess their alignment with recommended quality goals.MethodsThis scoping review followed the JBI methodology for scoping reviews to synthesize existing literature on hospital‐based QI interventions and reporting using the PRISMA Extension for scoping reviews. Included studies involved a hospital‐based QI intervention that was evaluated through the Development of the Quality Improvement Minimum Quality Criteria Set (QI‐MQCS) framework, reporting on hospital users' (i.e., practitioners and patients) data. We searched Medline, CINAHL, Embase and PubMed databases for primary research published between 2015 and 2024. Grey literature was also examined. A narrative synthesis guided the integration of findings.ResultsFrom 1398 identified records, 70 relevant records were included. Results indicate a wide variation in QI frameworks and methods used by the included studies. The QI interventions most frequently assessed were organizational‐focused (n = 59), followed by professional‐related interventions (n = 41) and patient‐care interventions (n = 24). There were multiple facilitators and barriers across organizational, professional, and patient care levels found in the included studies. Examples of facilitators were instrumental in driving successful QI initiatives included education, training, active leadership, and stakeholder engagement. Conversely, barriers such as time constraints, resource limitations, and resistance were highlighted.ConclusionExisting QI publications lack sufficient detail to replicate interventions. Using a model or framework to guide the conduct of a QI‐activity may support a more robustly designed and well‐conducted project. The variation of reporting characteristics suggests that future research should focus on the development of a pragmatic tool for use by front‐line clinicians to support consistent and rigorous conduct of QI projects.
Prevalence of Stress, Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Quality Among Young Adults in Turkiye: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Dülger Hanifi , Ayaz‐Alkaya Sultan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimThe current study was conducted to measure the prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality and identify predisposing factors of psychological distress among young adults during the pandemic.MethodsA cross‐sectional design was adopted. The target population consisted of students studying at an associate degree health services school at a university in Turkiye. Overall, 704 students were included in the sample. Multiple logistic regression was implemented to predict risk factors.ResultsThe prevalence of moderate to extremely severe stress, anxiety, and depression was found to be 39%, 48.4% and 47.6%, respectively. There was a strong positive association between stress and anxiety (r = 0.869, p < 0.001), stress and depression (r = 0.912, p < 0.001), and between anxiety and depression (r = 0.857, p < 0.001). A moderate positive relationship was found between sleep quality and stress (r = 0.484, p < 0.001), sleep quality and anxiety (r = 0.484, p < 0.001), and sleep quality and depression (r = 0.481, p < 0.001). Young adults with poor sleep quality, those who find safety measures for the pandemic outbreak insufficient, those who use alcohol, and those who feel despair were more likely to have stress, anxiety, and depression risk. Age and gender did not affect their stress, anxiety, or depression risk.ConclusionsNearly half of the young adults experienced varying degrees of stress, anxiety, and depression, and most had poor sleep quality. The insufficiency of outbreak measures, poor sleep quality, using alcohol, and feelings of despair were mutual predictive factors of stress, anxiety, and depression.
Development and Pilot Psychometric Testing of the Cancer Nurse Self‐Assessment Tools for Early and Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Kruss Gillian , Dinh Thi Thuy Ha , Van Huizen Pheona , Yeganeh Ladan , Mahony Jane , Morphet Julia , Brand Gabrielle , Crawford‐Williams Fiona , Cook Olivia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo develop and psychometrically test two newly developed Cancer Nurse Self‐Assessment Tools for early and metastatic breast cancer (CaN‐SAT‐eBC and CAN‐SAT‐mBC).DesignInstrument development and psychometric testing of content validity, reliability and construct validity.MethodsA three‐phase procedure was conducted. Phase 1: An expert working group was formed to design and develop each tool using Benner's Model of Clinical Competence. Phase 2: The Content Validation Index (CVI) was used to assess the relevance and clarity of each item on the tools with breast cancer nurse experts and nursing educators. A CVI ≥ 0.78 was required for an item to be included in each tool. Phase 3: The tools were tested for internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha and construct validity using principal component analysis (PCA). The Guidelines for Reporting Reliability and Agreement Studies were followed in reporting this study.ResultsEach tool underwent two rounds of content validation. Ten experts were involved in the content validation for the CaN‐SAT‐eBC and 12 experts involved for CaN‐SAT‐mBC. The final versions comprised 18 (CAN‐SAT‐eBC) and 22 elements (CaN‐SAT‐mBC). All items obtained a satisfactory CVI of 0.83–1.0. Data from 159 and 126 nurses were analysed to evaluate reliability for CaN‐SAT‐eBC and CaN‐SAT‐mBC, respectively. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for all elements were between 0.83 and 0.98. The PCA supported that each element was unidimensional and composed of internally correlated items, with the exception of the ‘Diagnostics’ element of practice which has a two‐component structure measuring basic and advanced diagnostic tasks.ConclusionsThe two CaN‐SATs are comprehensive, valid and reliable. They can be used for self‐assessment by nurses in relation to breast cancer care and for identifying learning needs for long‐term professional development. The self‐assessment tools can also be used to develop education initiatives for specialised breast cancer nurses.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Reliability of Central Vein Sign Imaging With 3T FLAIR* in a Multicenter Study
Authors: Martin Melissa Lynne , Cao Quy , Luskin Elaina , Renner Brian , Daboul Lynn , O'Donnell Carly M. , Rodrigues Paulo , Derbyshire John , Azevedo Christina J. , Bar‐Or Amit , Caverzasi Eduardo , Calabresi Peter , Cree Bruce A. C. , Freeman Léorah , Henry Roland G. , Longbrake Erin E. , Oh Jiwon , Papinutto Nico , Pelletier Daniel , Prchkovska Vesna , Ramos Marc , Samudralwar Rohini D. , Schindler Matthew K. , Sotirchos Elias S. , Sicotte Nancy L. , Solomon Andrew J. , Reich Daniel S. , Ontaneda Daniel , Shinohara Russell T. , Sati Pascal 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeThe central vein sign (CVS) is a diagnostic imaging biomarker for multiple sclerosis (MS). FLAIR* is a combined MRI contrast that provides high conspicuity for CVS at 3 Tesla (3T), enabling its sensitive and accurate detection in clinical settings. This study evaluated whether CVS conspicuity of 3T FLAIR* is reliable across imaging sites and MRI vendors and whether gadolinium (Gd) contrast increases CVS conspicuity.MethodsA cross‐sectional, multicenter study recruited adults referred for possible diagnosis of MS at 10 sites. FLAIR* contrast was generated using high‐resolution T2*‐weighted (acquired pre‐ and post‐injection of Gd) and T2‐weighted fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (T2‐FLAIR) brain images at 3T from two MRI vendors. Lesions and veins were segmented to compute lesion‐to‐vein contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNRlesion‐to‐vein), a quantitative measure of CVS conspicuity. CNRlesion‐to‐vein measures for pre‐ and post‐Gd FLAIR* were compared across sites and vendors.ResultsEighty‐seven participants from nine sites were included in the analysis. There was no significant difference in mean CNRlesion‐to‐vein between sites for pre‐Gd (p‐value = 0.07) or post‐Gd (p‐value = 0.27) FLAIR*. There were also no significant differences between vendors for pre‐Gd (p‐value = 0.10) or post‐Gd (p‐value = 0.31) FLAIR*. Patient‐level pairwise differences in CNRlesion‐to‐vein between pre‐Gd and post‐Gd FLAIR* revealed a significant increase for post‐Gd FLAIR* (p‐value < 0.001).ConclusionsCVS conspicuity on 3T FLAIR* is consistent across imaging sites and MRI vendors. Moreover, Gd‐based contrast agent significantly improved CVS conspicuity on 3T FLAIR*. These findings support the implementation of FLAIR* in clinical settings for MS.
Trueness and precision of facial scan and virtual patient representation workflow
Authors: Al Hamad Khaled Q. , Ayyad Jad Q. , Al‐Rashdan Bashar A. , Al Quran Firas A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the feasibility and accuracy (trueness and precision) of facial scanning and virtual patient representation (VPR).Materials and MethodsOne participant was recruited and informed consent was obtained. VPR was performed 30 times with a custom fabricated intraoral scan body (ISB). Thirteen adhesive markers were added to the face as an extraoral scan body (ESB). Two facial scans were obtained for each VPR using an infra‐red laser accessory sensor (Structure sensor; Occipital Inc) mounted on a computer tablet (iPad Pro; Apple Inc), including one with seated ISB and one without ISB. Two maxillary intraoral scans were obtained using an intraoral scanner (Omnicam; Dentsply Sirona) with and without the ISB. All files were imported to a dental software program (exocad; exocad GmbH) and VPR was obtained by aligning the facial and IOS scans using the ISB and ESB as common elements for alignment. Five fiducial face landmarks, four intraoral dental landmarks, and six perioral landmarks were selected for measurements. A total of 32 linear measurements, including 14 face‐face (for facial scan accuracy) and 18 face‐dental (for VPR accuracy) representing total face, lower face, and perioral regions, were performed directly using a digital caliper (FINO Digital Caliper; FINO GmbH) and virtually on the VPR. Trueness was evaluated by mean absolute difference (MAD) between the virtual and direct measurements, and the standard deviation represented Precision. Statistical analyses were performed with a statistical software package (IBM SPSS Statistics v25; IBM Corp), with α = 0.05. Data were analyzed for normality with Shapiro‐Wilk test, and 1‐sample t‐ (or Wilcoxon signed rank test), technical error of measurement (TEM), and relative error magnitude (REM).ResultsThe facial scan had 2.04, 1.66, 0.8 trueness, and 1.05, 0.92, 0.91 precision for total, lower face, and perioral regions. VPR had higher MAD (lower trueness) than facial scan, including 3.32, 2.40, 1.21 trueness and 2.2, 1.47, 1.2 precision for total, lower face, and perioral regions. Both TEM and REM were lowest for the perioral region and increased with increasing measurement distance.ConclusionError in face scanning increased with increased distance and intricate details. VPR accuracy was lower than face scan accuracy because of added errors in the alignment process. The investigated VPR workflow might be feasible for treatment planning and smile design. However, it would be unreliable for more demanding prostheses manufacturing purposes.
Profiles of negative and positive risk‐taking behavior among Asian and non‐Asian American emerging adults
Authors: Park Yea Won , Gentzler Amy L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRisk‐taking includes both negative and positive risky behaviors, but little is known about how negative and positive risk‐taking occur simultaneously. This study examined negative and positive risk‐taking profiles of Asian American and Non‐Asian American emerging adults (N = 401; Mage = 20.68; 68.30% women) and their demographic and cultural factor correlates. Three profiles emerged: Moderate Negative and Positive, Low Negative and Positive, and High Negative/Average Positive. Asian Americans were most likely to belong in the Low Negative and Positive. The High Negative/Average Positive profile was associated with stronger emotion control values, whereas the Low Negative and Positive profile was higher in humility values. These findings underscore the role of cultural beliefs in shaping distinct risk‐taking patterns among emerging adults.
The Effect of Providing Video‐Animated Information to Female Patients With Stress Urinary Incontinence Before the Urodynamic Study on the Patient's Anxiety, Pain, Satisfaction, and Willingness to Repeat the Procedure
Authors: Degirmentepe Recep Burak , Bozkurt Muammer , Danis Eyyup , Gul Deniz , Akca Yasir Muhammed , Cimen Haci Ibrahim , Halis Fikret 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate the effect of providing video‐animated information to female patients with stress urinary incontinence before urodynamics on the patient's anxiety, pain, satisfaction, and willingness to repeat the procedure.MethodsBefore the procedure, patients were divided into two groups with 1:1 randomization. While one group was given written and verbal information, the other group was additionally given animated video information accompanied by a doctor. Pre‐procedure anxiety, hemodynamic parameters during the procedure, as well as post‐procedure pain, satisfaction and willingness to repeat the procedure were compared between the groups.ResultsSTAI‐s levels were found to be statistically significantly lower in the group given video animation information before urodynamics (p < 0.01). It was observed that video information had a positive effect on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate, and the values were measured lower compared to the other group (p < 0.01). While there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in VAS‐pain scores (p = 0.82), VAS‐satisfaction and VAS‐willingness to repeat the procedure scores were found to be statistically significantly different (p < 0.01). It was observed that video‐animated information made a positive contribution to satisfaction and willingness to repeat the procedure.ConclusionsVideo‐animated information given to female patients before urodynamics has positive effects on the patient's anxiety. It also contributes positively to the patient's satisfaction and their willingness to repeat the procedure. Video‐animated information may be used routinely in addition to written and verbal information before urodynamics.
Fungal Disease Response Centre: Pioneering Diagnostic Approach for Regions With Dispersed Hospital Centres
Authors: Loaiza‐Oliva Manuela , Gamarra Soledad , Cabeza Matías , Alastruey‐Izquierdo Ana , Rodríguez‐Tudela Juan Luis , Garcia‐Effron Guillermo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAccess to fungal disease diagnosis is crucial for reducing mortality, yet it varies widely across Argentina, especially outside Buenos Aires. In regions like Santa Fe and Paraná, where most healthcare facilities are under 150 beds, maintaining specialised mycology labs is challenging.ObjectivesThis work describes the establishment and first‐year results of a centralised Fungal Disease Response Centre (FDRC) and referral network serving this region, covering approximately 1 million inhabitants.MethodsThe FDRC provided tests from the WHO's Essential Diagnostic List, along with antifungal susceptibility testing and molecular diagnostics. Additionally, we offered continuous training, a courier service and digital tools for service requests and result reporting.MethodsIn 2023, the FDRC handled samples from 878 patients from 22 institutions, performing 1151 tests on 897 samples. Common tests included Aspergillus galactomannan quantification and molecular diagnostics, diagnosing 101 fungal infections including fungaemias, histoplasmosis, aspergillosis and deep‐seated candidiasis. Average turnaround times were 6.2 h for antigen‐based tests and 21.5 h for molecular tests.ConclusionsThis centralised service improved diagnosis speed and quality, overcoming limitations of smaller labs. It also enabled population‐based studies, revealing higher‐than‐expected histoplasmosis prevalence. The FDRC's first‐year results demonstrate that regional centralisation can enhance diagnostic quality, improve patient outcomes and advance epidemiological knowledge.
Inorganic nitrogen and organic matter jointly regulate ectomycorrhizal fungi‐mediated iron acquisition
Authors: Wang Haihua , Zhang Kaile , Tappero Ryan , Victor Tiffany W. , Bhatnagar Jennifer M. , Vilgalys Rytas , Liao Hui‐Ling 
Published: January 2025

Summary
Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) play a crucial role in facilitating plant nutrient uptake from the soil although inorganic nitrogen (N) can potentially diminish this role. However, the effect of inorganic N availability and organic matter on shaping EMF‐mediated plant iron (Fe) uptake remains unclear.
To explore this, we performed a microcosm study on Pinus taeda roots inoculated with Suillus cothurnatus treated with +/−Fe‐coated sand, +/−organic matter, and a gradient of NH4NO3 concentrations.
Mycorrhiza formation was most favorable under conditions with organic matter, without inorganic N. Synchrotron X‐ray microfluorescence imaging on ectomycorrhizal cross‐sections suggested that the effect of inorganic N on mycorrhizal Fe acquisition largely depended on organic matter supply. With organic matter, mycorrhizal Fe concentration was significantly decreased as inorganic N levels increased. Conversely, an opposite trend was observed when organic matter was absent. Spatial distribution analysis showed that Fe, zinc, calcium, and copper predominantly accumulated in the fungal mantle across all conditions, highlighting the mantle's critical role in nutrient accumulation and regulation of nutrient transfer to internal compartments.
Our work illustrated that the liberation of soil mineral Fe and the EMF‐mediated plant Fe acquisition are jointly regulated by inorganic N and organic matter in the soil.
Synthetic alleles to study MUTE‐dependent molecular transitions in stomatal development
Authors: Illescas‐Miranda Jonatan , Saiz‐Pérez Josué , de Marcos Alberto , Fenoll Carmen , Mena Montaña 
Published: January 2025

AbstractStomatal abundance sets plants' potential for gas exchange, impacting photosynthesis and transpiration and, thus, plant survival and growth. Stomata originate from cell lineages initiated by asymmetric divisions of protodermal cells, producing meristemoids that develop into guard cell pairs. The transcription factors SPEECHLESS, MUTE, and FAMA are essential for stomatal lineage development, sequentially driving cell division and differentiation events. Their absence produces stomataless epidermis, hindering analysis of their roles during lineage development. MUTE drives the transition from proliferating meristemoids to guard mother cells, committed to stomatal fate. We aim to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying MUTE activity, using partial loss‐of‐function alleles predicted to impair DNA‐binding and to potentially alter MUTE transcriptional activity. We engineered mutant allele coding sequences, generated Arabidopsis lines carrying them and analyzed their epidermal and transcriptional phenotypes using microscopy and RNA‐seq. Synthetic alleles driven by the MUTE promoter rescued the stomata less phenotype of the seedling‐lethal mute‐3 mutant, enabling stomata differentiation and resulting in viable, fertile plants. Further examination of the developmental consequences of MUTE partial loss‐of‐function revealed arrested lineages, reduced stomatal abundance and altered stomatal spacing. Transcriptomic analysis of very young cotyledons from complemented lines indicated that only some MUTE targets require an intact MUTE bHLH domain. Comparison with existing lineage cell‐specific transcriptional profiles showed that lineage development in the mutant lines was delayed compared to the wild‐type but followed similar gene networks. These synthetic alleles provide new insight into MUTE ability to accurately and timely specify stomata formation.
Hume on structural prejudices (including his own)
Authors: Noorloos Ruben 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis article explores the connections between David Hume's theory of prejudice, present‐day theories of structural ignorance, and Hume's own racist attitudes. Charles Mills has identified certain types of ignorance, including racial ignorance, that result from social structures. Here, I argue that Hume can do something similar. Hume uses the concept of prejudice to theorize the misjudgment of someone based on their perceived membership of a certain group. Despite its seemingly individualist presentation in the Treatise, Hume's theory can, as a result of his deeply social view of the mind, be expanded to account for social‐structural influences on the formation of prejudices. In fact, in several places he himself develops such structural explanations. On the resulting picture, both his racism and his theory of prejudice are seen to play important roles in his philosophy.
How to Approach Qualitative Observational Research in Workplace Learning
Authors: Noble Christy , Ajjawi Rola , Billett Stephen , Goldszmidt Mark 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundLearning in clinical settings occurs through engagement in everyday activities and interactions. Yet, clinical settings are complex, dynamic environments and data collection methods such as interviews and focus groups, although valuable, alone may not capture the complexities of these settings. Qualitative observational research offers an approach to understanding these complexities and enhancing learning in clinical settings.ObjectiveThe aim of this paper is to support readers in undertaking qualitative observational research in workplace learning.MethodsWe provide an overview of qualitative observational research, emphasising its relevance to investigating workplace learning. We delineate four key components to consider: the phenomenon of interest, roles of researchers and participants, ethical considerations and data collection approaches. An illustrative example from health professions education research is presented to demonstrate the application and outcomes of observational research.ResultsQualitative observational research allows for a nuanced understanding of real‐world clinical activities and interactions, capturing elements of learning that are often missed by other methods. It offers a rich evidentiary base for both clinicians and researchers to appraise and improve practice. The example study illustrates how observational research can identify systemic issues affecting both learning and clinical practice.ConclusionQualitative observational research offers an important approach to understanding the complexities of clinical practice and workplace learning. We have shared some key considerations for the design and conduct of qualitative observational research in workplace learning.