bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holding the economy by the tail: analysis of short- and long-run macroeconomic risks
Authors: Franta Michal , Libich Jan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe put forward a macro-financial empirical modeling framework that can examine the tails of distributions of macroeconomic variables and the implied risks. It does so without quantile regression, also allowing for non-normal distributions. The framework offers a number of relevant insights into higher moments of the US output growth distribution, as well as the effects of monetary policy and financial (risk premia) shocks on downside macroeconomic risk. This is not only from the short-run perspective but also from the long-run perspective, which has remained largely unexamined in the existing Macro-at-Risk literature. In particular, we estimate the short-run (conditional) and long-run US output growth distributions and study their evolution. The short-run analysis finds that monetary policy and financial shocks render the conditional output growth distribution asymmetric. As such, they affect downside risk over and above their impact on the conditional mean that policymakers routinely focus on. The long-run analysis indicates that US output growth left-tail risk showed a general downward trend in the two decades preceding the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), but this trend got reversed post-2008. Our examination strongly points to the adopted unconventional monetary policy framework featuring quantitative easing as a potential source of elevated long-run downside tail risk in the post-GFC period.
Personality and gender prototypes for predicting health: a multilevel and cluster analysis
Authors: Esteban-Gonzalo Sara , Fernández-Gonzalo Juan Carlos , González-Pascual Juan Luis , Bouzas-Mosquera Carmen , Esteban-Gonzalo Laura 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPrior studies have identified that mentally healthy people tend to share common characteristics and common ways of coping with stressful life events; they show similar patterns of behavior and more flexible and adaptive social roles. The objectives of the study are to assess the influence of personality factors on gender roles and mental health, to identify personality patterns along with gender roles, and to assess the influence of the patterns identified on mental health. Data collection from a sample of 795 university students was carried out during 2019. Multilevel analyses tested the associations between gender (BSRI) and personality (TIPI) and between personality and health -mental health (GHQ12) and wellbeing (MHC-SF). Cluster analysis explored tendencies of gender and personality, and each cluster showed different health patterns. Individuals with high scores in extraversion, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness to experience, and very high agreeableness score, as well as high femininity and masculinity scores, presented a decreased psychological morbidity (β= −3.62, 0.57 (SE), p<0.001) and an increased well-being (β=7.68, 1.15 (SE), p<0.001). The most relevant indicators of mental health were identified in androgynous individuals, those individuals with high scores in masculinity and femininity, as well as high scores in extraversion, openness to experience, emotional stability, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.
The effect of calcium channel blockers on digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis: data from a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ross Laura , Hansen Dylan , Maltez Nancy , Morrisroe Kathleen , Kumar Kimti , Walker Jennifer , Stevens Wendy , Sahhar Joanne , Ngian Gene-Siew , Host Lauren , Nikpour Mandana , Proudman Susanna 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDigital ulcers (DU) are a common, severe vascular manifestation of systemic sclerosis (SSc) with few effective treatment options. Using data from the Australian Scleroderma Cohort Study (ASCS), we sought to evaluate the effect of calcium channel blockers (CCB) on the treatment and prevention of DU.Using data from 1953 participants, with a median of 4.34 years of follow-up, we used generalised estimating equations to evaluate the clinical characteristics associated with CCB use and ascertain the risk factors for the presence of DU at subsequent study visits. A time-dependent Cox-proportional hazard model was applied to evaluate the risk of future occurrence of DU with CCB use.Sixty-six percent of participants received CCB and patients with a history of DU were more likely to be prescribed a CCB (76.76% vs 53.70%, p < 0.01). CCB use was more frequent in patients with severe complications of DU including chronic DU (OR 1.47, p = 0.02), need for hospitalisation for iloprost (OR 1.30, p = 0.01) or antibiotics (OR 1.36, p = 0.04) and digital amputation (OR 1.48, p < 0.01). Use of CCB was more likely in patients who experienced DU at subsequent study visits (OR 1.32, p < 0.01) and was not associated with a decreased risk of the development of a first DU (HR 0.94, p = 0.65).CCB are frequently used in the management of SSc in the ASCS and their use is associated with severe peripheral vascular manifestations of SSc. However, our results suggest that CCB may not be effective in the healing or prevention of DU.

Key Points• Calcium channel blockers (CCB) are commonly used in patients with vascular manifestations of systemic sclerosis (SSc).• CCB did not reduce the risk of the development of the first episode of digital ulcers when used prior to the onset of SSc digital ulcers.• CCB use was not associated with a reduction in the rate of digital ulcer recurrence.
GPS data on tourists: a spatial analysis on road networks
Authors: D’Angelo Nicoletta , Abbruzzo Antonino , Ferrante Mauro , Adelfio Giada , Chiodi Marcello 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a spatial point process model on a linear network to analyse cruise passengers’ stop activities. It identifies and models tourists’ stop intensity at the destination as a function of their main determinants. For this purpose, we consider data collected on cruise passengers through the integration of traditional questionnaire-based survey methods and GPS tracking data in two cities, namely Palermo (Italy) and Dubrovnik (Croatia). Firstly, the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise algorithm is applied to identify stop locations from GPS tracking data. The influence of individual-related variables and itinerary-related characteristics is considered within a framework of a Gibbs point process model. The proposed model describes spatial stop intensity at the destination, accounting for the geometry of the underlying road network, individual-related variables, contextual-level information, and the spatial interaction amongst stop points. The analysis succeeds in quantifying the influence of both individual-related variables and trip-related characteristics on stop intensity. An interaction parameter allows for measuring the degree of dependence amongst cruise passengers in stop location decisions.
Generating and detecting true ambiguity: a forgotten danger in DNN supervision testing
Authors: Weiss Michael , Gómez André García , Tonella Paolo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDeep Neural Networks (DNNs) are becoming a crucial component of modern software systems, but they are prone to fail under conditions that are different from the ones observed during training (out-of-distribution inputs) or on inputs that are truly ambiguous, i.e., inputs that admit multiple classes with nonzero probability in their labels. Recent work proposed DNN supervisors to detect high-uncertainty inputs before their possible misclassification leads to any harm. To test and compare the capabilities of DNN supervisors, researchers proposed test generation techniques, to focus the testing effort on high-uncertainty inputs that should be recognized as anomalous by supervisors. However, existing test generators aim to produce out-of-distribution inputs. No existing model- and supervisor independent technique targets the generation of truly ambiguous test inputs, i.e., inputs that admit multiple classes according to expert human judgment. In this paper, we propose a novel way to generate ambiguous inputs to test DNN supervisors and used it to empirically compare several existing supervisor techniques. In particular, we propose AmbiGuess to generate ambiguous samples for image classification problems. AmbiGuess is based on gradient-guided sampling in the latent space of a regularized adversarial autoencoder. Moreover, we conducted what is $${-}$$
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the most extensive comparative study of DNN supervisors, considering their capabilities to detect 4 distinct types of high-uncertainty inputs, including truly ambiguous ones. We find that the tested supervisors’ capabilities are complementary: Those best suited to detect true ambiguity perform worse on invalid, out-of-distribution and adversarial inputs and vice-versa.
A comparative study on precision of pairwise comparison matrices
Authors: Cavallo Bice , Mazurek Jir̆í , Ramík Jaroslav 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPairwise comparisons have been a long-standing technique for comparing alternatives/criteria and their role has been pivotal in the development of modern decision-making methods such as the Analytic Hierarchy/Network Process (AHP/ANP), the Best-Worst method (BWM), PROMETHEE and many others. Pairwise comparisons can be performed within several frameworks such as multiplicative, additive and fuzzy representations of preferences, which are particular instances of a more general framework based on Abelian linearly ordered groups. Though multiplicative, additive and fuzzy representations of preferences are widely used in practice, it is unknown whether decision makers are equally precise in the three aforementioned representations when they measure objective data. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to design, carry out and analyse an experiment with over 200 respondents (undergraduate university students) from two countries, Czechia and Italy, to compare precision of the respondents in all three representations. In the experiment, respondents pairwise compared (by approximation) the areas of four geometric figures and then, the imprecision of their assessments was measured by computing the distance with the exact pairwise comparisons. We grouped the respondents in such a way that each participant was allowed to deal with a unique type of representation. The outcomes of the experiment indicate that the multiplicative approach is the most precise.
The post-racial myth: rethinking Chinese university students’ experiences and perceptions of racialised microaggressions in the UK
Authors: Yu Jingran , Rai Rohini , Lim Miguel Antonio , Li Hanwei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs the world recovers from the pandemic and anti-Asian hate crimes have been gradually disappearing from the headlines, this article offers a timely reflection on Chinese international students’ experiences and perceptions of racialised microaggressions during the pandemic, and, more importantly, takes the discussion further by deconstructing and challenging the underlying post-racial discourse. Based on 54 interviews with Chinese students from 13 universities across the UK, this article examines four phrases used by Chinese international students in making sense of their racialised experiences, in terms of the denial of racism (‘it is not racism’), the justification of racism (‘it is normal’), taking the blame of racism (‘it is my fault’) and in some rare cases, their reflections on anti-Asian racism in the so-called post-racial universities in the UK (‘we are invisible’). It argues that such expressions are induced by and reflects neo-racism, neo-orientalism and everyday racism embedded within the wider post-racial discourse in the UK, which affirms the relevance of anti-Asian racism in the post-pandemic era rather than negates it. We thus make recommendations to UK universities to better support international students and combat anti-Asian particularly anti-Chinese racism.
Kant on the Normativity of Obligatory Ends
Authors: Sticker Martin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractI propose a novel way to understand the stringency of Kant’s conception of beneficence. This novel understanding can ground our intuition that we do not have to forego (almost) all pursuit of our personal ends. I argue that we should understand the application of imperfect duties to specific cases according to the framework set by the adoption and promotion of ends. Agents have other ends than obligatory ones and they must weigh obligatory ends against these other ends. Obligatory ends are special among ends only insofar as their adoption is not optional. My reading of the normative status of imperfect duties affords a way of thinking about beneficence modelled on the everyday ways in which agents pursue their personal projects and weigh different ends against each other. This establishes a middle-ground between an extremely demanding conception of beneficence and an overly latitudinarian one. Furthermore, it helps us understand why we do not have to be maximally beneficent and why there is a bias towards the near in our thinking about rescue cases.
Impacts of COVID-19 on Young Children and Families: A Qualitative Study Using Best Starts for Kids Health Survey Data in King County, WA
Authors: Nair Mohit , Moore Kristin , Sanford Sara Jaye , McNair Anne , Matheson Alastair , Wong Eva 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on parents and caregivers with young children in King County, Washington using data from a local population-based survey, the Best Starts for Kids Health Survey (BSKHS).

Methods
7033 parents and caregivers in King County, Washington with children 5th grade and younger participated in the BSKHS in 2021. Three evaluators adopted a framework method approach to thematic analysis for open-ended survey responses regarding the impacts of COVID-19 on families.

Results
Children aged 0–5 years missed important social development opportunities, while elementary-school children missed social interactions and felt isolated during remote schooling. Parents were exhausted by the competing demands of work and schooling/childcare, with mothers bearing the brunt of additional responsibilities. Many families faced financial uncertainty and were unable to meet basic needs. Yet, families were grateful for more quality time with family members.

Conclusions for Practice
Parents expressed that children aged 0–5 years missed out on social development opportunities with both adults and children their own age and elementary-school children and felt isolated while schools were closed to in-person schooling.
Myocardial infarction elevates endoplasmic reticulum stress and protein aggregation in heart as well as brain
Authors: Mainali Nirjal , Li Xiao , Wang Xianwei , Balasubramaniam Meenakshisundaram , Ganne Akshatha , Kore Rajshekhar , Shmookler Reis Robert J. , Mehta Jawahar L. , Ayyadevara Srinivas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI), constitute the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Protein-aggregate deposition is a hallmark of aging and neurodegeneration. Our previous study reported that aggregation is strikingly elevated in hearts of hypertensive and aged mice; however, no prior study has addressed MI effects on aggregation in heart or brain. Here, we present novel data on heart and brain aggregation in mice following experimental MI, induced by left coronary artery (LCA) ligation. Infarcted and peri-infarcted heart tissue, and whole cerebra, were isolated from mice at sacrifice, 7 days following LCA ligation. Sham-MI mice (identical surgery without ligation) served as controls. We purified detergent-insoluble aggregates from these tissues, and quantified key protein constituents by high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Infarct heart tissue had 2.5- to 10-fold more aggregates than non-infarct or sham-MI heart tissue (each P = 0.001). Protein constituents from MI cerebral aggregates overlapped substantially with those from human Alzheimer’s disease brain. Prior injection of mice with mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) exosomes, shown to limit infarct size after LCA ligation, reduced cardiac aggregation ~ 60%, and attenuated markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in heart and brain (GRP78, ATF6, P-PERK) by 50–75%. MI also elevated aggregate constituents enriched in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) aggregates, such as proteasomal subunits, heat-shock proteins, complement C3, clusterin/ApoJ, and other apolipoproteins. These data provide novel evidence that aggregation is elevated in mouse hearts and brains after myocardial ischemia, leading to cognitive impairment resembling AD, but can be attenuated by exosomes or drug (CDN1163) interventions that oppose ER stress.
Zur gesellschaftlichen Funktion der Gruppe im Anschluss an Überlegungen im Zettelkasten von Niklas Luhmann: Affinität, Freundschaft, Kritik und Posse als Kulturformen der Gruppe in den vier Medienepochen der Gesellschaft
Authors: Baecker Dirk 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag in der Zeitschrift „Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation“ (GIO) ist das Ergebnis einer Recherche in Niklas Luhmanns Zettelkasten zur gesellschaftlichen Funktion der Gruppe. Luhmann hat in seinem zweiten Zettelkasten den Vorschlag, die Gruppe als ein eigenständiges soziales System zu verstehen, geprüft und verworfen. Zwanzig Jahre vorher stand die Gruppe, verstanden als Kollektividentifikation, allerdings noch prominent in der Überschrift des ersten Zettels des ersten Zettelkastens. Insofern lohnt es sich, der Frage der Gruppe als einer Funktion der Gesellschaft, wenn auch nicht als System, noch einmal nachzugehen und die Gruppe als paradoxe Fiktion zu beschreiben. Es gibt sie nur als Einwand gegen die flüchtige Interaktion, die formalisierte Organisation und die unpersönliche Gesellschaft. Der Aufsatz diskutiert die Gruppe im Kontext von Mary Douglas Unterscheidung zwischen group und grid und im Kontext einer Theorie der Kulturformen der menschlichen Gesellschaft. Affinität, Freundschaft, Kritik und die Posse sind die kulturellen Formen, die die Fiktion der Gruppe in der Auseinandersetzung mit dominanten Verbreitungsmedien der Kommunikation jeweils annimmt. Der Aufsatz schließt mit einem Konzept der idiorrhythmie von Gruppen.
The impact of mindfulness on working memory-related brain activation in breast cancer survivors with cognitive complaints
Authors: Melis Michelle , Blommaert Jeroen , Van der Gucht Katleen , Smeets Ann , McDonald Brenna C. , Sunaert Stefan , Smith Andra , Deprez Sabine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeCancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) has been associated with altered brain activation after chemotherapy in areas related to working memory. Hence, improving working memory capacity and associated brain activation might aid in the recovery of CRCI. In this study, we investigated the potential of a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) to impact working memory-related brain activation.MethodsFemale breast cancer survivors reporting cognitive complaints (N=117) were randomized into a mindfulness (n=43; MBI), physical training (n=36; PT), or waitlist control condition (n=38; WL). Participants completed MRI scans before the intervention, immediately after, and three months post-intervention. Task-based functional MRI was used to measure differences between groups over time in working memory-related brain activation while performing a visual-verbal n-back task.ResultsData of 83 participants (32/26/25 MBI/PT/WL) was included. Compared to the waitlist group, MBI participants showed reduced task-related activation in the right middle frontal and angular gyrus and increased activation in the right dorsal posterior cingulate cortex over time. Compared to the physical training group, MBI participants showed reduced brain activation in the bilateral superior parietal lobule and right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex over time. No differences between physical training and no intervention were identified.ConclusionThis study showed that an 8-week mindfulness-based intervention can significantly alter brain activation across brain regions involved in working memory, attentional control, and emotion processing during performance of a working memory task. This might aid in the recovery of CRCI.Implications for Cancer SurvivorsMindfulness might alter brain activation patterns while performing a working memory task, which might ultimately aid in restoring higher order cognitive functions.
Low-latency remote-offloading system for accelerator
Authors: Saito Shogo , Fujimoto Kei , Shiraga Akinori 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSpecific workloads are increasingly offloaded to accelerators such as a graphic processing unit (GPU) and field-programmable gate array (FPGA) for real-time processing and computing efficiency. Because accelerators are expensive and consume much power, it is desirable to increase the efficiency of accelerator utilization by sharing accelerators among multiple servers over a network. However, task offloading over a network has the problem of latency due to network processing overhead in remote offloading. This paper proposes a low-latency system for accelerator offloading over a network. To reduce the overhead of remote offloading, we propose a system composed of (1) fast recombination processing of chunked data with a simple protocol to reduce the number of memory copies, (2) polling-based packet receiving check to reduce overhead due to interrupts in interaction with a network interface card, and (3) a run-to-completion model in network processing and accelerator offloading to reduce overhead with context switching. We show that the system can improve performance by 66.40% compared with a simple implementation using kernel protocol stack and confirmed the performance improvement with a virtual radio access network use case as a low-latency application. Furthermore, we show that this performance can also be achieved in practical usage in data center networks.
The adaption, evaluation and application of a semi-empirical bond strength model for the simulations of multi-pass hot roll bonding of aluminium alloys
Authors: Liu Zhao , Krämer Alexander , Lohmar Johannes , Aretz Holger , Karhausen Kai , Bailly David , Hirt Gerhard , Teller Marco 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNowadays, the requirements on metallic materials have become more comprehensive, which gradually exceed the capability of monolithic metals. One of the solutions is the composite metal, where different properties of the constituents are integrated as one. In industrial practice, hot roll bonding has been frequently employed to produce laminated composite metals thanks to its high adaptivity. However, the bonding mechanism and the bond strength models have not been thoroughly investigated and parametrized. In a recent publication, a semi-empirical bond strength model has been developed, which quantitatively considers the influence of various influencing factors on the bond strength.In this paper, this new model is applied in FE simulations of lab-scale hot roll bonding of multiple passes to achieve a better understanding of the process and the bonding behaviours. Firstly, this new model is adapted for macroscopic process simulations, implemented in FE environment via Abaqus subroutines, and evaluated by the simulations of the truncated-cone experiments. Secondly, the FE setup is applied in the process simulation of hot roll bonding. Eight roll bonding passes are simulatively reproduced and good accordance with experiment is achieved. The strain distribution in thickness, evolution of temperature and bond strength, bonding status and cause of local temporary de-bonding are analysed by this simulation. Finally, the influences of the thickness ratio of metallic plates, height reduction, rolling velocity, and material combination with different bonding properties are tested in simulative studies. The process simulations provide a promising way to facilitate the design and optimization of hot roll bonding by FE simulations.