bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gentiopicroside Ameliorated Ductular Reaction and Inflammatory Response in
DDC-induced Murine Cholangiopathies Model
Authors: Hao Juan , Xu Yi , Lu Kan , Chen Yiyue , Liu Jibo , Shao Xiaohong , Zhu Chunling , Ding Yaqin , Xie Xin , Wu Jian , Yang Quanjun 
Published: October 2023

Background::
Cholangiopathies comprise a spectrum of diseases without curative treatments. Pharmacological treatments based on bile acid (BA) metabolism
regulation represent promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cholangiopathies. Gentiopicroside (GPS), derived from the Chinese
medicinal herb Gentianae Radix, exerts pharmacological effects on bile acid metabolism regulation and oxidative stress.

Objective::
The present study aims to investigate the effect of GPS on 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4dihydrocollidine (DDC)-induced cholangiopathy.

Methods::
Two independent animal experiments were designed to evaluate the comprehensive effect of GPS on chronic DDC diet-induced cholangiopathy,
including bile duct obliteration, ductular reaction, BA metabolism reprogramming, liver fibrosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.

Results::
In the first pharmacological experiment, three doses of GPS (5, 25 and 125 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally into mice fed a DDC diet for 14
days. DDC induced a typical ductular reaction, increased periductal fibrosis and mixed inflammatory cell infiltration in the portal areas. GPS
treatment showed dose-dependent improvements in the ductular reaction, BA metabolism, fibrosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory response. In
the second experiment, a high dose of GPS was injected intraperitoneally into control mice for 28 days, resulting in no obvious histologic changes
and significant serologic abnormalities in liver function. However, GPS inhibited DDC-induced oxidative stress, serum and hepatic BA
accumulation, proinflammatory cytokine production, and immunocyte infiltration. Specifically, the GPS-treated groups showed decreased
infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, as well as preserved Kupffer cells.

Conclusion::
GPS alleviated chronic DDC diet-induced cholangiopathy disorder by improving the ductular reaction, periductal fibrosis, oxidative stress and
inflammatory response. Its dosage-dependent pharmacological effects indicated that GPS warrants its further evaluation in clinical trials for
cholangiopathy.
TBAB in One-pot Green Approach for the Synthesis of N-Heterocyclic
Compounds: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sahu Bhaktisudha , Verma Monika , Thakur Ajay , Bharti Ruchi , Sharma Renu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Designing innovative one-pot reactions using eco-friendly methodologies has attracted
a lot of attention in drug development, organic synthesis, and material sciences due to the impressive
art of mitigating the possibility of side reactions, particularly for the synthesis of Ncontaining
heterocycles, which are crucial for the manufacturing and development of new drugs.
These moieties have demonstrated a diversity of biological applications, such as anti-tumor, antimicrobial,
antibiofilm, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. Due to the wide range of medicinal
applications, several techniques have been reported in the literature for the synthesis of these
physiologically important scaffolds, employing different homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts.
One such highly efficient catalyst is tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB), which has
gained significant attention as an efficient metal-free homogeneous phase-transfer catalyst to facilitate
a reaction when the reactants are in different phases. It is also used as a zwitterionic solvent
in many organic transformations and as an effective co-catalyst for a variety of coupling reactions.
In the current study, we highlighted recent developments in one-pot reactions involving TBAB as
a phase-transfer catalyst or zwitterionic solvent for the efficient synthesis of various biologically
promising monocyclic and bicyclic N-heterocycle scaffolds.
A Serious Game for Cognitive Stimulation of Older People With Mild Cognitive Impairment: Design and Pilot Usability Study
Authors: Ortega Morán Juan Francisco , Pagador J Blas , Gilete Preciado Vicente , Moyano-Cuevas José Luis , Rodríguez Domínguez Trinidad , Santurino Muñoz Marta , Sánchez Margallo Francisco M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Cognitive stimulation of older people helps prevent, and even treat, age-related diseases, such as mild cognitive impairment. Playing games reduces the probability of experiencing this pathology, which is related to the loss of the ability to carry out some instrumental activities of daily living.

Objective
This work describes the design and development of a serious game for the cognitive stimulation of older people, with exercises related to the daily life task of shopping. A pilot study for its preliminary usability validation is also presented.

Methods
The designed serious game includes 4 exercises consisting of shopping in a hypermarket, ordering products, making payments, and organizing the purchase, thus dealing with the most frequent cognitive problems of older people associated with episodic declarative memory, naming, calculation, and organization, respectively.

Results
A total of 19 older people participated in the pilot study for the usability validation of the serious game. They indicated that they like the aesthetic and interesting topic of the game. They reported that it provides a high level of entertainment and could be useful in daily life for mental stimulation. The participants found the serious game to be intuitive, but the ease of use and readability of the instructions could be improved.

Conclusions
This study suggests that the innovative serious game developed could be accepted by older people for their cognitive stimulation to prevent or treat mild cognitive impairment, although a long-term intervention study should be performed as future work. Its ecological validity design, with everyday tasks, adaptable levels of difficulty, and motivational mechanisms, is a differentiating factor compared to similar serious games.
<strong>Exocrine pancreas in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: different patterns of fibrosis, metaplasia, angiopathy, and adiposity</strong>
Authors: J Wright Jordan , Eskaros Adel , Windon Annika , Bottino Rita , Jenkins Regina , M Bradley Amber , Aramandla Radhika , Philips Sharon , Kang Hakmook , C Saunders Diane , Brissova Marcela , C Powers Alvin , Pancreas Analysis Program Human 
Published: October 2023

<p>The endocrine and exocrine compartments of the pancreas are spatially related but functionally distinct. Multiple diseases affect both compartments, including type 1 diabetes (T1D), pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, and pancreatic cancer. To better understand how the exocrine pancreas changes with age, obesity, and diabetes, we performed systematic analysis of well-preserved tissue sections from the pancreatic head, body, and tail of organ donors with T1D (n = 20), type 2 diabetes (T2D, n = 25), and donors with no diabetes (ND, n = 74). Among ND donors, we found that acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM), angiopathy, and pancreatic adiposity increased with age, while ADM and adiposity also increased with BMI. Compared to age- and sex-matched ND organs, T1D pancreata had greater acinar atrophy and angiopathy with fewer intralobular adipocytes. T2D pancreata had greater ADM, angiopathy, and total T lymphocytes, but no difference in adipocyte number, compared to ND organs. While total pancreatic fibrosis was increased in both T1D and T2D, the pattern was different with T1D pancreata having greater periductal and perivascular fibrosis, whereas T2D pancreata had greater lobular and parenchymal fibrosis. Thus, the exocrine pancreas undergoes distinct changes as individuals age or develop T1D or T2D. </p>
Effect of Tooth Bleach on Dentin Fatigue Resistance in Situ
Authors: Fitzgerald JM , Souza G De , Tam L 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARY

Background
Negative effects of bleaching on dentin have previously been reported in vitro.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of carbamide peroxide bleaching on dentin fatigue resistance using a clinically relevant in situ model.

Methods and Materials
Following research ethics board approval, 60 human teeth requiring extraction were collected. Sterilized human dentin specimens were cut (1.2x1.2x10 mm) and secured into customized bleaching trays to be used by study participants. Participants were randomly assigned to either bleach (10% carbamide peroxide, n=23) or control (gel without bleach, n=26) treatment groups. Treatment was applied to the bleaching trays and worn overnight by participants for 14 days. After treatment completion, dentin specimens were removed from the bleaching trays and subjected to fatigue testing (10 N, 3 mm/s, 2x105 cycles) while submerged in artificial saliva. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted to compare the number of cycles to failure during fatigue testing in both groups. A log rank test was run to determine if there were differences in the survival distribution between the two groups (α&lt;0.05).

Results
The median number of cycles to failure was 352 ± 202 and 760 ± 644 for the bleach and control groups, respectively. The survival distributions for the two groups were significantly different (p=0.020). Dentin fatigue resistance was significantly lower in the bleach group compared to the control.

Conclusions
Direct bleaching of human dentin using an at-home tray bleaching protocol in situ reduced dentin fatigue resistance. This has implications for tooth fracture risk and longevity.
Influence of the Crystallization Firing Process on Marginal and Internal Adaptation of Silicate-based Glass-ceramic Inlays Fabricated With a CAD/CAM Chairside System
Authors: Kobayashi M , Niizuma Y , Sugai R , Manabe A 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARY

Objective
Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems are widely used in dental treatment. Clinicians can use chairside CAD/CAM technology, which has the advantage of being able to fabricate inlays on the same day. We aimed to evaluate the effects of crystallization firing processes, fabrication methods (one-step and two-step), and materials on marginal and internal adaptations of silicate-based glass-ceramic all-ceramic inlays fabricated with CAD/CAM chairside systems.

Methods
Ten artificial mandibular left first molars were prepared with standardized ceramic class II mesialocclusal (MO) inlay cavities. Optical impressions were obtained using CEREC Omnicam Ban. IPS e-max CAD (IE), (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Initial LiSi Block (LS) (Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, Japan), VITA Suprinity (SP), (Vita Zahnfabrick, Bad Säckingen, Germany), and Celtra Duo (CD) (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) (n=10) were milled using CEREC MC XL (Bensheim, Germany). IE and SP were crystallization-fired using CEREC Speed Fire. The silicone replica technique was used for the measurement of internal (axial and pulpal walls) and marginal (cervical and occlusal edge) adaptations. The adaptations were measured using a thin layer of light-body polyvinyl siloxane impression material placed between the master tooth inlay preparation and restoration. Marginal and internal adaptations of IE, LS, SP, and CD were measured using a stereomicroscope (500×). For IE and SP, marginal and internal adaptations were measured before and after the crystallization firing process. Data analyses were conducted using one-way ANOVA and the Tukey test. For IE and SP, marginal and internal adaptations before and after the crystallization firing process were analyzed using the t-test. The significance level was set at α=0.05.

Results
One-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in occlusal and cervical edge marginal adaptations among the material groups (p&lt;0.001). The Tukey HSD test revealed a significant difference in marginal occlusal and cervical edge adaptations between LS and CD groups and IE and SP groups (p≤0.05). For IE and SP inlays, the t-test revealed a significant difference between occlusal and cervical edge adaptations before the crystallization firing process and those after the crystallization firing process, with the latter group showing a more significant discrepancy in adaptation than the former group (p≤0.05).

Conclusions
Fabrication methods (one- and two-step) affected the marginal adaptation compatibility but not internal compatibility of MO inlays. The crystallization firing process affected the marginal adaptation of inlays using lithium silicate or lithium disilicate glass-ceramics. However, adaptation to the cavity was considered clinically acceptable for all materials.
Comparison of the Time and Accuracy of Intraoral Scans Performed by Dentists, Nurses, Postgraduates, and Undergraduates
Authors: Gao M , Guo X , Fu Y , Li M , Ma X , Chen Z 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARY

Objective
This study aimed to assess the scanning time (ST) and accuracy of 10 repeated upper and lower dentition scans by four groups of operators with different professional backgrounds.

Methods
There were a total of 32 participants, including dentists, nurses, postgraduates, and undergraduates (n=8). They received the same training about intraoral scanning and then performed 10 repeat scans on the plaster maxillary and mandibular dentition models in a manikin head, with the first five scans being the T1 phase and the last five scans being the T2 phase. Each ST was recorded. Trueness and precision were evaluated by root mean square (RMS) value gained from alignments of corresponding virtual models. For statistical analysis, the paired-sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation tests were employed (α=0.05).

Results
Limiting the comparison in scan phase and scan target the sequence of STs for the four groups was the same (p&lt;0.05), by which undergraduates, postgraduates, nurses, and dentists were in descending order. Undergraduates gained the best precision, followed by postgraduates, dentists, and nurses, in both maxillary and mandibular scanning (p&lt;0.05). Compared with corresponding items of the T1 phase, the trueness of the T2 phase was much higher (p&lt;0.05), while the ST of the T2 phase was much shorter (p&lt;0.05).

Conclusions
The operator’s professional background affects the precision and scanning time but not the trueness. Most dental personnel have good access to the intraoral scanner. As the number of scans increased, the accuracy and scanning efficiency also improved.
Effects of Hydrofluoric Acid Concentrations, Commercial Brands, and Adhesive Application on the Bond Strength of a Resin Luting Agent to Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic
Authors: dos Santos DRC , Pacheco RR , Komegae GH , da Silva JA , Lima DANL , Pini NIP , Sundfeld D 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARY

Objectives
To evaluate the surface topography/roughness and bond strength of a resin luting agent to a lithium disilicate glass ceramic after etching with different concentrations of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and commercial brands.

Methods
For bond strength evaluation, 260 lithium disilicate glass ceramic (EMX) discs were randomly distributed into 13 groups based on concentrations of HF and commercial brands (n=20): 5% and 10%, Lysanda (LY5 and LY10); 5% and 10%, Maquira (MA5 and MA10); 5% and 10%, FGM (FG5 and FG10); 4.8%, Ivoclar Vivadent (IV5); 5% and 10%, PHS do Brasil (PH5 and PH10); 5% and 10%, BM4 (BM5 and BM10); 9%, Ultradent Inc (UL10); and Dentsply (DE10). A further random distribution (n=10) was made based on the application (+) or absence (−) of an adhesive layer. Resin luting agent cylinders (1 mm in diameter) were added on EMX surfaces, light-cured, and stored for 24 hours in deionized water at 37°C. On a universal testing machine (DL 500, EMIC), specimens were submitted to a microshear bond strength test at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure. A representative etched EMX disc from each group underwent surface topography analysis using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (n=1), and five (n=5) etched EMX discs from each group were tested for surface roughness. Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey test (α=0.05).

Results
A less conditioned and smoother surface was observed for 5% HF compared to 10%. Additionally, commercial brands of HF were shown to affect bond strength. When the adhesive layer was not used (−), a 10% concentration promoted higher bond strengths to EMX. However, when adhesive was applied (+), the concentrations of HF and commercial brands had no effect on bond strength results.

Conclusions
A 10% concentration of HF results in higher bond strength than a 5% concentration. If an adhesive layer is applied, neither this distinction nor the influence of commercial brands is observed.
Exploring Ethnomathematics in Batak Toba Carvings for Locally-based Mathematics Teaching Material
Authors: Ditasona Candra 
Published: October 2023

As one of the traditional ornaments of the Batak Toba tribe, "gorga" carries philosophical meaning and serves to embellish the decoration of traditional houses. The gorga motif has its own distinctive characteristics, with closely arranged patterns and symmetrical designs. This indicates the presence of mathematical aspects within these carved gorga patterns. This research aims to analyze the symmetries embedded in the gorga motifs that can be utilized as locally-based mathematics teaching material. The study is conducted by exploring various gorga motifs and analyzing their types of symmetry. The research is employing an ethnographic research approach. Data is collected through observing buildings adorned with gorga motifs, studying literature, and conducting interviews with gorga carvers. Qualitative data analysis can be started with data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions and verification. The research findings reveal the existence of seven types of symmetry obtained from all gorga motifs. These symmetry types include translation symmetry, glide reflect symmetry, vertical symmetry, rotation 180° symmetry, vertical and rotation 180° symmetry, horizontal symmetry, and vertical and horizontal symmetry.
Development of a Device for Assessing the Emotional State of Companion Dogs Based on the Analysis of Vocalizations Associated with Anxiety and Barking
Authors: Avilov A. V. , Fomina A. S. , Skubak P. G. , Krakhmalev T. K. , Ermakov A. M. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction.Canine behaviour, socialization and interaction of dogs with humans are the key factors to be assessed among the risks inducing the increase of incidents related with development of anxiety in dogs. First of all, the lack of knowledge about the reasons of problem behaviour in animals and the high individual variability of behavioural patterns explain the relevance of this work. Moreover, the different methods used by the practitioners and absence of traceability of the owneranimal interaction record lead to the incorrect accumulation of diverse information about the identification and correction of companion dogs’ problem behaviour. The authors of this article aimed to develop a device for registering anxious and aggressive behaviour in dogs by analysing the intervalograms and spectrograms of vocalizations.Materials and Methods.The recordings of canine vocalizations (250 recordings) were obtained as a result of authors' observations carried out in Rostov-on-Don in the period from spring to autumn 2021. The growth of signal intensity was detected by a noise sensor or microphone. The amplitude and duration of the signal were determined by a microcontroller. The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) was used for writing a programme and flashing the microcontroller. The timers calculating the number of milliseconds from the beginning to the end of an event were implemented in the programme, also, the counters measuring the number of the events within a certain period of time were used.Results.A flowchart of the device for registering and classifying canine vocalizations, which are considered to be the behavioural anxiety markers, has been developed and described. The algorithm for assessing the type of animal activity during vocalization has been suggested. The device prototype has been developed, which enables determination and sending to a Telegram chat bot the data on dog’s anxiety and activity, as well as on the ambient temperature, based on the calculation and analysis of the vocalizations intervalograms.Discussion and Conclusion.The significance of the present development lies in creation of the hardware and software complex prototype that provides the unbiased analysis of the information about changes in canine behaviour in the real time. The implementation of this complex makes it possible to assess the canine behaviour and provides the opportunity to obtain the new data on probability of behavioural disorders in animals caused by a high level of anxiety. The complex can serve as a prototype for creating the systems for tracking and identifying other animal species’ behaviour (including in the urban settings).
PELATIHAN APLIKASI CANVA SEBAGAI UPAYA MENCIPTAKAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF BAGI GURU DI KECAMATAN GUNUNG LABUHAN KABUPATEN WAY KANAN
Authors: Insani Marzius , Wartariyus Wartariyus , Febriansyah Febi Eka , Mutiarani Annisa , Putri Nadira Anin Dita , Aziz Achmad Fachri , Fadillah Adhadi , Kholis Yogi Nur , Nurani Siti , Rineksowati Auliana Fajria , Kusuma Imroah Laina Retno Mukti , Febiyanti Dian , Putri Arlini 
Published: October 2023

Canva adalah aplikasi desain grafis yang digunakan untuk membuat grafis media sosial, presentasi, poster, dokumen dan konten visual lainnya. Aplikasi ini juga menyediakan beragam contoh desain yang dapat digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran dalam menunjang pendidikan berbasis teknologi. Media pembelajaran merupakan komponen yang memiliki peran penting dalammenunjang keberhasilan pembelajaran. Media pembelajaran berperan sebagaisarana untuk alat bantu penyalur yang digunakan oleh pendidik sebagaifasilitator dalam proses pembelajaran untuk menyampaikan materi pelajaran kepada peserta didik. Dalam hal ini adanya inovasi berupa kegiatan yang mampu menciptakan media pembelajaran berbasis teknologi yang interaktif akan membantu pendidik dan peserta didik dalam menghadirkan suasana pembelajaran yang asyik dan menyenangkan. Artikel ini berupaya memberikan gambaran dan penjelasan terkait program kerja pelatihan aplikasi Canva dalam menciptakan media pembelajaran yang interaktif Adapun tahapnya meliputi pemaparan materi, pembuatan contoh media, dan praktik pembuatan media pembelajaran oleh guru-guru. Penulisan artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan model deskriptif-eksplanatif. Hasilnya, dewan guru menerima pemahaman dan wawasan baru dalam hal menciptakan media pembelajaran berbasis aplikasi Canva.