bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gray and white matter differences in the medial temporal lobe in late-life depression: a multimodal PET-MRI investigation
Authors: Takamiya Akihiro , Radwan Ahmed , Christiaens Daan , Van Cauwenberge Margot , Vande Casteele Thomas , Laroy Maarten , Vansteelandt Kristof , Sunaert Stefan , Koole Michel , Van den Stock Jan , Van Laere Koen , Bouckaert Filip , Vandenbulcke Mathieu , Emsell Louise 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Late-life depression (LLD) is characterized by medial temporal lobe (MTL) abnormalities. Although gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) differences in LLD have been reported, few studies have investigated them concurrently. Moreover, the impact of aetiological factors, such as neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular burden, on tissue differences remains elusive.

Methods
This prospective cross-sectional study involved 72 participants, including 33 patients with LLD (mean age 72.2 years, 23 female) and 39 healthy controls (HCs) (mean age 70.6 years, 24 female), who underwent clinical and positron emission tomography (PET)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments. High-resolution 3D T1-weighted and T2-weighted FLAIR images were used to assess MTL GM volumes and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), a proxy for cerebrovascular burden. Diffusion kurtosis imaging metrics derived from multishell diffusion MRI data were analyzed to assess WM microstructure in the following MTL bundles reconstructed using constrained spherical deconvolution tractography: uncinate fasciculus, fornix, and cingulum. Standardized uptake value ratio of 18F-MK-6240 in the MTL was used to assess Alzheimer’s disease (AD) type tau accumulation as a proxy for neurodegenerative burden.

Results
Compared to HCs, patients with LLD showed significantly lower bilateral MTL volumes and WM microstructural differences primarily in the uncinate fasciculi bilaterally and right fornix. In patients with LLD, higher vascular burden, but not tau, was associated with lower MTL volume and more pronounced WM differences.

Conclusions
LLD was associated with both GM and WM differences in the MTL. Cerebrovascular disease, rather than AD type tau-mediated neurodegenerative processes, may contribute to brain tissue differences in LLD.
Dietary intakes, food behaviours and health indicators among Métis youth in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Perchotte Chantal , Kloss Olena , Slater Joyce , Katz Alan , Pilli Bhanu , Hinds Aynslie , Urquia Marcelo L , Sanguins Julianne , Green Chris , Cidro Jaime , Chateau Dan , Nickel Nathan , Falkenberg Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective:
Poor diets and food insecurity during adolescence can have long-lasting effects, and Métis youth may be at higher risk. This study, as part of the Food and Nutrition Security for Manitoba Youth study, examines dietary intakes, food behaviours and health indicators of Métis compared with non-Métis youth.

Design:
This observational cross-sectional study involved a cohort of adolescents who completed a self-administered web-based survey on demographics, dietary intake (24-h recall), food behaviours, food security and select health indicators.

Setting:
Manitoba, Canada

Participants:
Participants included 1587 Manitoba grade nine students, with 135 (8·5 %) self-identifying as Métis, a distinct Indigenous nation living in Canada.

Results:
Median intake of sugar was significantly higher in Métis (89·2 g) compared with non-Métis (76·3 g) participants. Percent energy intake of saturated fat was also significantly higher in Métis (12·4 %) than non-Métis (11·6 %) participants. Median intakes of grain products and meat and alternatives servings were significantly lower among Métis than non-Métis (6·0 v. 7·0 and 1·8 v. 2·0, respectively) participants. Intake of other foods was significantly higher in Métis (4·0) than non-Métis (3·0). Significantly more Métis participants were food insecure (33·1 %) compared with non-Métis participants (19·1 %). Significantly more Métis participants ate family dinners and breakfast less often than non-Métis participants and had lower self-reported health. Significantly more Métis participants had a BMI classified as obese compared with non-Métis participants (12·6 % v. 7·1 %).

Conclusions:
The dietary intakes observed in this study, both among Métis and non-Métis youth, are concerning. Many have dietary patterns that put them at risk for developing health issues in the future.
A quantitative environmental impact assessment of Australian ultra-processed beverages and impact reduction scenarios
Authors: Anastasiou Kim , Hadjikakou Michalis , Geyik Ozge , Hendrie Gilly A. , Baker Phillip , Pinter Richard , Lawrence Mark 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective:
Ultra-processed beverages (UPBs) have known adverse impacts on health, but their impact on the environment is not well understood across different environmental indicators. This study aimed to quantify the environmental impacts of water-based UPBs and bottled waters sold in Australia and assess the impacts of various scenarios which may reduce such impacts in the future.

Design:
This study presents a quantitative environmental impact assessment of a major sub-category of UPBs (water-based UPBs, including soft drinks, energy drinks, cordials, fruit drinks) and non-UPBs (bottled waters) in Australia. Alternative mitigation scenarios based on existing health and environmental targets were also modelled using sales projections for 2027. Sales data from Euromonitor International were matched with environmental impact data from peer-reviewed lifecycle assessment databases. Environmental impact indicators included greenhouse gas emissions, land use, eutrophication potential, acidification potential, water scarcity and plastic use.

Setting:
The Australian beverage supply in 2022 and projected sales for 2027.

Participants:
N/A

Results:
Environmental impacts of UPBs were higher than bottled waters. UPBs accounted for 81-99% of total environmental impacts, partly driven by the volume of sales. Reformulation, reducing UPB consumption and increasing recycling all led to meaningful reductions in environmental impacts but with diverse effects across different environmental indicators. The largest reductions occurred when policy scenarios were combined to represent a suite of policy actions which aimed to meet health and environmental targets (30-82% environmental savings).

Conclusions:
The results indicate that implementing a suite of policies which act to target multiple drivers of environmental harm are likely to lead to the most environmental benefits.
Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone—The Primary Entryway for Chlorinated Very‐Short‐Lived Substances to the Stratosphere
Authors: Liang Qing , Newman Paul A. , Fleming Eric L. , Lait Leslie R. , Atlas Elliot , Pan Laura , Kinnison Doug , Western Luke M. , Schauffler Sue , Smith Katie , Treadaway Victoria , Hendershot Roger , Donnelly Stephen , Lueb Richard 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRapid growing emissions of dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), a chlorinated very‐short‐lived substance (Cl‐VSLS) and an ozone depleting substance (ODS), has raised concerns as this increase offset a part of the stratospheric chlorine (Cl) reduction due to decreasing long‐lived ODSs. We have combined simulations of the two most abundant Cl‐VSLSs, CH2Cl2 and chloroform (CHCl3) using the NASA GEOS Chemistry Climate Model (GEOSCCM) with Asian Summer Monsoon Chemical and CLimate Impact Project aircraft observations to examine transport of Cl‐VSLSs to the stratosphere and to assess their contribution to total stratospheric Cl. With ongoing large emissions (total ∼1,500 Gg yr−1), Cl‐VSLSs add about 100 ppt Cl to the stratosphere between 2020 and 2022. The Asian Summer Monsoon plays a primary role in the troposphere‐to‐stratosphere transport of Cl‐VSLSs and delivers double the amount to the stratosphere, about 200 ppt Cl in August 2022. The overall Cl‐VSLSs impact on stratospheric chlorine (∼3.3%) and ozone (∼1 DU) remain small.
Impacts of Stress‐dependent Hydraulic Properties on Hillslope‐Scale Groundwater Flow
Authors: Figueroa Ronny , Abhervé Ronan , Halloran Landon J. S. , Valley Benoît , Roques Clément 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGroundwater flow at the hillslope scale is controlled by hydraulic properties and topography. Geological media are inherently heterogeneous, with properties depending on both lithology and external factors such as weathering, erosion, and tectonic activity. The effects of stress‐dependent variations in porosity and hydraulic conductivity on groundwater flow and residence times remain unexplored. Using process‐based hillslope models, we demonstrate how external lateral stresses cause significant variations in stress and strain, particularly on slopes steeper than 30%. These stresses reorganize porosity and hydraulic conductivity, with compressive regimes reducing these properties at valley bottoms and tensional regimes elevating values at crests. This redistribution of porosity and hydraulic conductivity leads to a channeling of groundwater flow near the surface. Channeling increases discharge rates in the upper seepage zone and the proportion of rapid flows. Our results highlight geomechanical‐hydraulic property relationships as critical controls on critical zone processes in mountain settings.
Propagation of Slow Slip Events on Rough Faults: Clustering, Back Propagation, and Re‐Rupturing
Authors: Sun Yudong , Cattania Camilla 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSeismic and geodetic observations show that slow slip events (SSEs) in subduction zones can happen at all temporal and spatial scales and propagate at various velocities. Observation of rapid tremor reversals indicates back‐propagating fronts traveling much faster than the main rupture front. Heterogeneity of fault properties, such as fault roughness, is a ubiquitous feature often invoked to explain this complex behavior, but how roughness affects SSEs is poorly understood. Here we use quasi‐dynamic seismic cycle simulations to model SSEs on a rough fault, using normal stress perturbations as a proxy for roughness and assuming rate‐and‐state friction, with velocity‐weakening friction at low slip rate and velocity‐strengthening at high slip rate. SSEs exhibit temporal clustering, large variations in rupture length and propagation speed, and back‐propagating fronts at different scales. We identify a mechanism for back propagation: as ruptures propagate through low‐normal stress regions, a rapid increase in slip velocity combined with rate‐strengthening friction induces stress oscillations at the rupture tip, and the subsequent “delayed stress drop” induces secondary back‐propagating fronts. Moreover, on rough faults with fractal elevation profiles, the transition from pulse to crack can also lead to the re‐rupture of SSEs due to local variations in the level of heterogeneity. Our study provides a possible mechanism for the complex evolution of SSEs inferred from geophysical observations and its link to fault roughness.
Thermo‐Tectonic History of the Qilian Shan and Adjacent Areas: New Insights From Apatite U‐Pb and Fission Track Thermochronology
Authors: He Zhiyuan , Glorie Stijn , Boutsalis Christopher , Jolivet Marc , Nixon Angus , De Grave Johan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe Qilian Shan is situated along the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, and has undergone multiple episodes of tectonic deformation since the Paleozoic. Strikingly, tectonic deformation in the Qilian Shan and adjacent areas encompasses newly formed and inherited lithospheric and crustal structures. This study presents the Mesozoic‐Cenozoic post‐orogenic thermo‐tectonic histories of these active tectonic units utilizing an integrated approach combining apatite U‐Pb and fission track thermochronometers. The apatite U‐Pb dates are dominantly Paleozoic, mainly recording post‐magmatic cooling of the sampled granitoid rocks. The apatite fission track data record Late Triassic to Cretaceous cooling ages (central ages between ∼223 and ∼88 Ma), and most of the measured mean track lengths are between ∼13 and ∼12 μm. The apatite fission track results and thermal history models revealed that the Qilian Shan, Longshou Shan and Beida Shan experienced various moderate to rapid basement cooling episodes during the Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous, which we interpret as a far‐field response to a series of distant tectonic events including the Paleo‐Asian Ocean's closure, Qiangtang collision, Tethys‐deformation and Lhasa collision. During this period, these fault‐bounded tectonic units displayed different exhumation patterns, with the North Qilian Shan exhibiting a late Early Cretaceous rapid denudation while others preserved uplifted apatite partial annealing zones.
Potential for Augmenting Water Yield by Restoring Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris) Forests in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Liu Ning , Sun Ge , Yang Yun , Aguilos Maricar , Starr Gregory , O’Halloran Thomas L. , Amatya Devendra M. , Oishi A. Christopher , Zhang Yulong , Trettin Carl 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOver 95% of original longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) (LLP) forests have been converted to other land uses, including loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L) (LOP), croplands, urban uses during the past two centuries in the southeastern United States (U.S.) for socioeconomic developments. Restoring the LLP forests represents a contemporary forest management objective to improve wildlife habitat, water yield, and overall ecosystem services and resilience to a changing climate. Given the importance of understanding ecohydrological processes for guiding restoration efforts, this study compared evapotranspiration (ET) measurements at eight eddy covariance flux sites dominated by LLP or LOP forests in the southeastern U.S. In addition, we developed a “paired stands” approach to compare remote sensing based ET estimates and associated site biophysical properties for approximately 1,600 LLP‐LOP pairs. We found significant differences in ET, ET/Precipitation ratio, and water yield/precipitation ratio between the two types of pine forests, and these differences are explained by surface properties and management histories. Compared to LOP, the LLP forests generally had lower ET due to their significantly (p < 0.05) lower leaf area index but higher land surface temperature and albedo. Regionally, forest ET differences increased with the increase in atmospheric dryness index (reference ET/precipitation ratio). Therefore, we conclude that large‐scale restoration of LLP forests has the potential to reduce ET and augment water yield in the long run, especially in relatively drier watersheds. Maintaining low stand tree density and understory leaf area characteristic of natural LLP ecosystems through active forest management is critical for enhancing forest water supply. Our study provides the scientific basis for large scale restoration of a diminishing ecosystem for benefiting water resources in the southeastern U.S.
Confluence Effects of Dongting Lake in the Middle Yangtze River: Discontinuous Fluvial Processes and Their Driving Mechanisms
Authors: Zhou Weixing , Sun Zhaohua , Yang Zhonghua , Guo Ge 
Published: February 2025

AbstractConfluence‐induced river discontinuities pose several challenges for flood control, navigation, and maintenance of ecological integrity. River‐connected lakes in lowland regions represent a unique type of confluence, fulfilling significant floodplain functions in fluvial processes and forms of main streams, yet they remain insufficiently studied. This study utilized Dongting Lake in the Middle Yangtze River as a representative case to examine the confluence effects of lake‐type tributary on the fluvial processes of the main stream and to identify key driving factors. The findings revealed that during the equilibrium period, both the flow frequency curves and sediment‐transport rating curves exhibited segmentation characteristics due to the floodplain functions of river‐lake system. The confluence effects of the lake amplified the segmentation behaviors across spatial scales, which inherently depended on the river‐lake flow combination. Following the Three Gorges Reservoir impoundment, alterations in the confluence effects of the lake led to recent abnormal local erosion‐deposition adjustments under sediment subsaturation conditions, whereas upstream reservoir regulation dominated a long‐term reduction in channel‐forming discharge with a channel shrinkage trend downstream of the confluence. Despite the altered water‐sediment regimes, tributary inflow qualitatively remains a critical factor influencing the discontinuity of fluvial processes in the main stream. Our research demonstrated that the hydrological characteristics of confluence, rather than sediment transport, significantly influence the fluvial processes of lowland alluvial river. This insight enhances our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms of large alluvial rivers with complex river‐lake relationships and offers important implications for the management of water resource systems.
CDCA7 enhances STAT3 transcriptional activity to regulate aerobic glycolysis and promote pancreatic cancer progression and gemcitabine resistance
Authors: Zheng Dijie , Deng Yazhu , Deng Lu , He Zhiwei , Sun Xinghao , Gong Yanyu , Shi Binbin , Lu Deqin , Yu Chao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cell division cycle associated 7 (CDCA7) plays a role in various malignancies, especially pancreatic cancer (PC). However, its expression pattern and functional significance in PC require further research. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate CDCA7 expression levels and biological functions in PC using in vitro and in vivo experiments. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to detect CDCA7 expression in PC cells and tissues. Additionally, the biological functions of CDCA7 were assessed using cell proliferation, wound healing, and Transwell assays. CDCA7 overexpression promoted PC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and increased resistance to the chemotherapy drug gemcitabine, possibly through enhanced aerobic glycolysis. Additionally, immunoprecipitation assay showed that CDCA7 interacted with STAT3 protein and affected the transcriptional regulation of hexokinase 2. Conclusively, targeting CDCA7 might be a promising therapeutic strategy to increase gemcitabine sensitivity by inhibiting glycolysis in PC cells.
Epigenetic regulation in female reproduction: the impact of m6A on maternal-fetal health
Authors: Li Peipei , Lin Yumeng , Ma Hongyun , Zhang Jiao , Zhang Qiaorui , Yan Ruihua , Fan Yang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With the development of public health, female diseases have become the focus of current concern. The unique reproductive anatomy of women leads to the development of gynecological diseases gradually become an important part of the socio-economic burden. Epigenetics plays an irreplaceable role in gynecologic diseases. As an important mRNA modification, m6A is involved in the maturation of ovum cells and maternal-fetal microenvironment. At present, researchers have found that m6A is involved in the regulation of gestational diabetes and other reproductive system diseases, but the specific mechanism is not clear. In this manuscript, we summarize the components of m6A, the biological function of m6A, the progression of m6A in the maternal-fetal microenvironment and a variety of gynecological diseases as well as the progression of targeted m6A treatment-related diseases, providing a new perspective for clinical treatment-related diseases.
Multi-omic spatial effects on high-resolution AI-derived retinal thickness
Authors: Jackson V. E. , Wu Y. , Bonelli R. , Owen J. P. , Scott L. W. , Farashi S. , Kihara Y. , Gantner M. L. , Egan C. , Williams K. M. , Ansell B. R. E. , Tufail A. , Lee A. Y. , Bahlo M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Retinal thickness is a marker of retinal health and more broadly, is seen as a promising biomarker for many systemic diseases. Retinal thickness measurements are procured from optical coherence tomography (OCT) as part of routine clinical eyecare. We processed the UK Biobank OCT images using a convolutional neural network to produce fine-scale retinal thickness measurements across > 29,000 points in the macula, the part of the retina responsible for human central vision. The macula is disproportionately affected by high disease burden retinal disorders such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, which both involve metabolic dysregulation. Analysis of common genomic variants, metabolomic, blood and immune biomarkers, disease PheCodes and genetic scores across a fine-scale macular thickness grid, reveals multiple novel genetic loci including four on the X chromosome; retinal thinning associated with many systemic disorders including multiple sclerosis; and multiple associations to correlated metabolites that cluster spatially in the retina. We highlight parafoveal thickness to be particularly susceptible to systemic insults. These results demonstrate the gains in discovery power and resolution achievable with AI-leveraged analysis. Results are accessible using a bespoke web interface that gives full control to pursue findings.
Terminal differentiation and persistence of effector regulatory T cells essential for preventing intestinal inflammation
Authors: Dikiy Stanislav , Ghelani Aazam P. , Levine Andrew G. , Martis Stephen , Giovanelli Paolo , Wang Zhong-Min , Beroshvili Giorgi , Pritykin Yuri , Krishna Chirag , Huang Xiao , Glasner Ariella , Greenbaum Benjamin D. , Leslie Christina S. , Rudensky Alexander Y. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a specialized CD4+ T cell lineage with essential anti-inflammatory functions. Analysis of Treg cell adaptations to non-lymphoid tissues that enable their specialized immunosuppressive and tissue-supportive functions raises questions about the underlying mechanisms of these adaptations and whether they represent stable differentiation or reversible activation states. Here, we characterize distinct colonic effector Treg cell transcriptional programs. Attenuated T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and acquisition of substantial TCR-independent functionality seems to facilitate the terminal differentiation of a population of colonic effector Treg cells that are distinguished by stable expression of the immunomodulatory cytokine IL-10. Functional studies show that this subset of effector Treg cells, but not their expression of IL-10, is indispensable for colonic health. These findings identify core features of the terminal differentiation of effector Treg cells in non-lymphoid tissues and their function.