bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiral magnets from string theory
Authors: Amari Yuki , Nitta Muneto 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chiral magnets with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction have received quite an intensive focus in condensed matter physics because of the presence of a chiral soliton lattice (CSL), an array of magnetic domain walls and anti-domain walls, and magnetic skyrmions, both of which are important ingredients in the current nanotechnology. In this paper, we realize chiral magnets in type-IIA/B string theory by using the Hanany-Witten brane configuration (consisting of D3, D5 and NS5-branes) and the fractional D2 and D6 branes on the Eguchi-Hanson manifold. In the both cases, we put constant non-Abelian magnetic fluxes on higher dimensional (flavor) D-branes, turning them into magnetized D-branes. The O(3) sigma model with an easy-axis or easy-plane potential and the DM interaction is realized on the worldvolume of the lower dimensional (color) D-branes. The ground state is the ferromagnetic (uniform) phase and the color D-brane is straight when the DM interaction is small compared with the scalar mass. However, when the DM interaction is larger, the uniform state is no longer stable and the ground state is inhomogeneous: the CSL phases and helimagnetic phase. In this case, the color D-brane is no longer straight but is snaky (zigzag) when the DM interaction is smaller (larger) than a critical value. A magnetic domain wall in the ferromagnetic phase is realized as a kinky D-brane. We further construct magnetic skyrmions in the ferromagnetic phase, realized as D1-branes (fractional D0-branes) in the former (latter) configuration. We see that the host D2-brane is bent around the position of a D0-brane as a magnetic skyrmion. Finally, we construct, in the ferromagnetic phase, domain-wall skyrmions, that is, composite states of a domain wall and skyrmions, and find that the domain wall is no longer flat in the vicinity of the skyrmion. Consequently, a kinky D2-brane worldvolume is pulled or pushed in the vicinity of the D0-brane depending on the sign of the skyrmion topological charge.
The Complete Solution of the Diophantine Equation $$\left( F_{n+1}^{(k)}\right) ^x - \left( F_{n-1}^{(k)}\right) ^x = F_{m}^{(k)}$$
Authors: Gómez Carlos A. , Gómez Jhonny C. , Luca Florian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe well-known Fibonacci sequence has several generalizations, among them, thek-generalized Fibonacci sequence denoted by$$F^{(k)}$$F(k). The firstkterms of this generalization are$$0, \ldots , 0, 1$$0,…,0,1and each one afterward corresponds to the sum of the precedingkterms. For the Fibonacci sequence the formula$$F_{n+1}^2 - F_{n-1}^2 = F_{2n}$$Fn+12-Fn-12=F2nholds for every$$n \ge 1$$n≥1. In this paper, we study the above identity on thek-generalized Fibonacci sequence terms, completing the work done by Bensella et al. (On the exponential Diophantine equation$$(F_{m+1}^{(k)})^x - (F_{m-1}^{(k)})^x = F_n^{(k)}$$(Fm+1(k))x-(Fm-1(k))x=Fn(k), 2022.arxiv:2205.13168).
State-of-the-art review of applications of image processing techniques for tool condition monitoring on conventional machining processes
Authors: Pimenov Danil Yu. , da Silva Leonardo R. R. , Ercetin Ali , Der Oğuzhan , Mikolajczyk Tadeusz , Giasin Khaled 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn conventional machining, one of the main tasks is to ensure that the required dimensional accuracy and the desired surface quality of a part or product meet the customer needs. The successful accomplishment of these parameters in milling, turning, milling, drilling, grinding and other conventional machining operations directly depends on the current level of tool wear and cutting edge conditions. One of the proven non-contact methods of tool condition monitoring (TCM) is measuring systems based on image processing technologies that allow assessing the current state of the machined surface and the quantitative indicators of tool wear. This review article discusses image processing for tool monitoring in the conventional machining domain. For the first time, a comprehensive review of the application of image processing techniques for tool condition monitoring in conventional machining processes is provided for both direct and indirect measurement methods. Here we consider both applications of image processing in conventional machining processes, for the analysis of the tool cutting edge and for the control of surface images after machining. It also discusses the predominance, limitations and perspectives on the application of imaging systems as a tool for controlling machining processes. The perspectives and trends in the development of image processing in Industry 4.0, namely artificial intelligence, smart manufacturing, the internet of things and big data, were also elaborated and analysed.
Deep learning–based inline monitoring approach of mold coating thickness for Al-Si alloy permanent mold casting
Authors: Deng Fangtian , Rui Xingyu , Lu Shuang , Liu Zhang , Sun Haoran , Volk Wolfram 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the permanent mold casting process, the distribution of mold coating thickness is a significant variable with respect to the coating’s thermal resistance, as it strongly influences the mechanical properties of cast parts and the thermal erosion of expensive molds. However, efficient online coating thickness measurement is challenging due to the high working temperatures of the molds. To address this, we propose an indirect monitoring concept based on the analysis of the as-cast surface corresponding to the coated area. Our previous research proves linear correlations between the as-cast surface roughness parameter known as arithmetical mean height (Sa) and the coating thickness for various coating materials. Based on these correlations, we can derive the coating thickness from the analysis of the corresponding as-cast surface. In this work, we introduce a method to quickly evaluate the as-cast surface roughness by analyzing optical images with a deep-learning model. We tested six different models due to their high accuracies on ImageNet: Vision Transformer (ViT), Multi-Axis Vision Transformer (MaxViT), EfficientNetV2-S/M, MobileNetV3, Densely Connected Convolutional Networks (DenseNet), and Wide Residual Networks (Wide ResNet). The results show that the Wide ResNet50-2 model achieves the lowest mean absolute error (MAE) value of 1.060 µm and the highest R-squared (R2) value of 0.918, and EfficientNetV2-M reaches the highest prediction accuracy of 98.39% on the test set. The absolute error of the surface roughness prediction remains well within an acceptable tolerance of ca. 2 µm for the top three models. The findings presented in this paper hold significant importance for the development of an affordable and efficient online method to evaluate mold coating thickness. In future work, we plan to enrich the sample dataset to further enhance the stability of prediction accuracy.
Optimization of laser beam parameters during processing of ASA 3D-printed plates
Authors: Kechagias John D. , Ninikas Konstantinos , Vakouftsi Foteini , Fountas Nikolaos A. , Palanisamy Sivasubramanian , Vaxevanidis Nikolaos M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNew developments in manufacturing processes impose the need for experimental studies concerning the determination of beneficial process-related parameter settings and optimization of objectives related to quality and efficiency. This work aims to improve cutting geometry, surface texture, and arithmetic surface roughness average in the case of post-processing of filament material extrusion 3D-printed acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA) thin plates by a low-power CO2 laser cutting apparatus. This material was selected owing to its unique properties for thin-walled customized constructions. Three parameters, namely focal distance, plate thickness, and cutting speed, were examined with reference to the Box-Behnken design of experiments (BBD) and regression modeling. Four responses were considered: mean kerf width, Wm (mm); down width, Wd (mm); upper width, Wu (mm); and average surface roughness Ra (μm) of cut surfaces. Different regression models were tested for their efficiency in terms of predicting the objectives with an emphasis on full quadratic regression. The results showed that a focal distance of 6.5 mm and 16 mm/s speed optimizes all quality metrics for the three plate thicknesses. The regression models achieved adequate correlation among independent process-related parameters and optimization objectives, proving that they can be used to improve the laser cutting process and support practical applications.
A Novel Bifidobacterium/Klebsiella Ratio in Characterization Analysis of the Gut and Bile Microbiota of CCA Patients
Authors: Zhang Ningning , Zhu Wenwen , Zhang Shuwen , Liu Tian , Gong Lan , Wang Zeyu , Zhang Wei , Cui Yunlong , Wu Qiang , Li Jingtong , Yu Hao , El-Omar Emad M. , Hao Jihui , Lu Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a serious health problem worldwide. The gut and bile microbiota have not been clearly characterized in patients with CCA, and better noninvasive diagnostic approaches for CCA need to be established. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the gut and bile microbiota in CCA patients. Forty-two CCA patients and 16 healthy normal controls (HNCs) were enrolled. DNA was extracted from fecal and bile samples and subjected to 16S rRNA gene analysis. We found that there were significant differences in the species diversity, structure, and composition of the microbial communities between the CCA group and the HNC grouAt the phylum level, compared with that in the HNC group, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota was significantly decreased in the CCA group, whereas Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota were significantly enriched. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidota (F/B) ratio significantly decreased in the CCA group compared to the HNC grouThe relative abundance of Klebsiella in the CCA group was significantly higher than that in the HNC group, while the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium was significantly decreased. The Bifidobacterium/Klebsiella (B/K) ratio was established as a novel biomarker and was found to be significantly decreased in the CCA group compared with the HNC grouOur findings provide evidence supporting the use of Klebsiella and Bifidobacterium as noninvasive intestinal microbiomarkers for improving the diagnosis of CCA.
Morphometric approaches to Cannabis evolution and differentiation from archaeological sites: interpreting the archaeobotanical evidence from bronze age Haimenkou, Yunnan
Authors: Dal Martello Rita , Min Rui , Stevens Chris J. , Qin Ling , Fuller Dorian Q. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCannabis grains are frequently reported from archaeological sites in Asia, and hypothesized centers of origins are China and Central Asia. Chinese early cannabis remains are often interpreted as evidence of hemp fabric production, in line with early textual evidence describing ritualistic hemp cloth use and hemp cultivation as a grain crop. Modern measurements on cannabis varieties show distinct sizes between fibre or oil/fibre and psychoactive varieties, the former having larger seeds on average than the latter. This paper reviews the current macro-botanical evidence for cannabis across East, Central and South Asia and builds a comparative framework based on modern cannabis seed measurements to help identify cannabis use in the past, through the metric analysis of archaeologically preserved seeds. Over 800 grains of cannabis were retrieved from the 2008 excavation of Haimenkou, Yunnan, Southwest China, dating to between 1650 and 400 bc. These are compared with other known archaeological cannabis and interpreted through the metric framework. This offers a basis for exploration of the seed morphometrics potential to infer cannabis cultivation and diversification in uses. At Haimenkou, cannabis seeds size mostly plot in the range of overlapping psychoactive/fibre types; we therefore suggest that the cannabis assemblage from Haimenkou is indicative of a crop beginning to undergo evolution from its early domesticated form towards a diversified crop specialized for alternative uses, including larger oilseed/fibre adapted varieties.
Clustered Sparse Structural Equation Modeling for Heterogeneous Data
Authors: Takasawa Ippei , Tanioka Kensuke , Yadohisa Hiroshi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractJoint analysis with clustering and structural equation modeling is one of the most popular approaches to analyzing heterogeneous data. The methods involved in this approach estimate a path diagram of the same shape for each cluster and interpret the clusters according to the magnitude of the coefficients. However, these methods have problems with difficulty in interpreting the coefficients when the number of clusters and/or paths increases and are unable to deal with any situation where the path diagram for each cluster is different. To tackle these problems, we propose two methods for simplifying the path structure and facilitating interpretation by estimating a different form of path diagram for each cluster using sparse estimation. The proposed methods and related methods are compared using numerical simulation and real data examples. The proposed methods are superior to the existing methods in terms of both fitting and interpretation.
News and Perspectives: Words matter in primatology
Authors: Bezanson Michelle , Cortés-Ortiz Liliana , Bicca-Marques Júlio César , Boonratana Ramesh , Carvalho Susana , Cords Marina , de la Torre Stella , Hobaiter Catherine , Humle Tatyana , Izar Patrícia , Lynch Jessica W. , Matsuzawa Tetsuro , Setchell Joanna M. , Zikusoka Gladys Kalema , Strier Karen B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPostings on social media on Twitter (now X), BioAnthropology News (Facebook), and other venues, as well as recent publications in prominent journals, show that primatologists, ecologists, and other researchers are questioning the terms “Old World” and “New World” due to their colonial implications and history. The terms are offensive if they result in erasing Indigenous voices and history, ignoring the fact that Indigenous peoples were in the Americas long before European colonization. Language use is not without context, but alternative terminology is not always obvious and available. In this perspective, we share opinions expressed by an international group of primatologists who considered questions about the use of these terms, whether primatologists should adjust language use, and how to move forward. The diversity of opinions provides insight into how conventional terms used in primatological research and conservation may impact our effectiveness in these domains.
Diversification of forest management can mitigate wind damage risk and maintain biodiversity
Authors: Potterf Mária , Eyvindson Kyle , Blattert Clemens , Triviño María , Burner Ryan C. , Burgas Daniel , Mönkkönen Mikko 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMitigating future forest risks, safeguarding timber revenues and improving biodiversity are key considerations for current boreal forest management. Alternatives to rotation forestry likely have an important role, but how they will perform under a changing climate remains unclear. We used a boreal forest growth simulator to explore how variations on traditional clear-cutting, in rotation length, thinning intensity, and increasing number of remaining trees after final harvest (green tree retention), and on extent of continuous cover forestry will affect stand-level probability of wind damage, timber production, deadwood volume, and habitats for forest species. We used business-as-usual rotation forestry as a baseline and compared alternative management adaptations under the reference and two climate change scenarios. Climate change increased overall timber production and had lower impacts on biodiversity compared to management adaptations. Shortening the rotation length reduced the probability of wind damage compared to business-as-usual, but also decreased both deadwood volume and suitable habitats for our focal species. Continuous cover forestry, and management with refraining from thinnings, and extension of rotation length represent complementary approaches benefiting biodiversity, with respective effects of improving timber revenues, reducing wind damage risk, and benefiting old-growth forest structures. However, extensive application of rotation length shortening to mitigate wind damage risk may be detrimental for forest biodiversity. To safeguard forest biodiversity over the landscape, shortening of the rotation length could be complemented with widespread application of regimes promoting old-growth forest structures.
Genetic surfing during the range expansion of an endangered large carnivore
Authors: Tensen Laura , Currat Mathias , Davies-Mostert Harriet , Plessis Cole du , Fischer Klaus 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn an effort to halt the global decline of large carnivores, reintroductions have become increasingly popular to establish satellite populations and reduce the risk of stochastic events. These artificial range expansions are typically formed by a small number of founders, which can lead to changes in population genetic structure. For instance, serial founder events can lead to neutral and even deleterious alleles reaching higher than expected frequencies along the front end of an expansion, referred to as gene surfing. One of the world’s most extensive range expansion programmes has been for endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus). In this study, we examine the effect of continent-wide translocations on spatial genetic diversity, by determining what effect genetic surfing has on population structure in wild dogs, and measuring how long it will take for population structure to homogenize in the face of ongoing dispersal. We used a set of microsatellite loci to look at surfing alleles in five populations across southern Africa, and simulated the movement of these alleles forward in time under the current demographic scenario. We found that it would take about 150 generations for the expanding population to be 50% introgressed with genes from the free-roaming population. With the current rate of translocations, genetic differentiation in southern Africa will disappear, overturning the effects of genetic drift or surfing alleles. Understanding genetic patterns in expanding populations is of great interest to conservation, and we demonstrate that reintroduction programmes can help restore genetic diversity, and consequently adaptive potential, in recovering wildlife populations.
A Randomized, Controlled, Preliminary Study to Assess the Efficacy of Logic-Based Therapy in Reducing Anxiety and/or Depression in Family Caregivers
Authors: Cohen Elliot D. , Piozzini Barbara , Bapat Chinmay , Cheng Jiuqing , Soza Pablo Tagore Palma , Punjani Vishakha N. , Chaukar Himani 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper analyzes the findings of a preliminary, controlled efficacy study conducted by the National Philosophical Counseling Association of a prominent modality of philosophical counseling, Logic-Based Therapy (LBT). In this study, the latter modality was compared to a mindfulness activity. The study included 20 caretakers randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The hypothesis investigated was that a one-hour LBT session is more effective in reducing the level of (state or trait) anxiety and/or depression in family caregivers than a one-hour mindfulness session. Utilizing data compiled from study participants’ responses to the State Trait Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-2), two-way mixed ANOVA tests on three variables (state anxiety, trait anxiety, and depression (BDI-2) scores) were performed as well as paired analyses yielding the preliminary conclusion (pending a more extensive study) that LBT shows promise as an effective intervention for reducing state anxiety as compared to the control condition, the mindfulness activity.
Fitted mesh scheme for singularly perturbed parabolic convection–diffusion problem exhibiting twin boundary layers
Authors: Bullo Tesfaye Aga , Kusi Gemadi Roba 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, fitted mesh numerical scheme is presented for solving singularly perturbed parabolic convection–diffusion problem exhibiting twin boundary layers. To approximate the solution, we discretize the temporal variable on uniform mesh and discretize the spatial one on piecewise uniform mesh of the Shishkin mesh type. The resulting scheme is shown to be almost first order convergent that accelerated to almost second order convergent by applying the Richardson extrapolation technique. Stability and consistency of the proposed method are established very well in order to guarantee the convergence of the method. Further, the theoretical investigations are confirmed by numerical experiments. Moreover, the present scheme is stable, consistent and gives more accurate solution than existing methods in the literature.
Same product, different score: how methodological differences affect EPD results
Authors: Konradsen Freja , Hansen Kristine Sofie Holse , Ghose Agneta , Pizzol Massimo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Demand for Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) is already high and increasing in the construction and building sectors. The overall purpose of EPDs is comparability of product environmental performance, and they are thus developed in accordance with product category rules (PCRs): requirements and guidelines for how to make EPDs for one or more product groups. Since several organisations publish PCRs, there is a risk of creating conflicting rules leading to inconsistencies and jeopardising the objective of comparability.

Methods
This study analyses the causes for inconsistency and the consequences in terms of difference in the results across the life cycle assessment (LCA) models underlying the EPDs. Taking four EPD programmes and their actors as cases, first a document analysis was conducted to identify qualitative and quantitative differences in their guidelines. Further focusing on selected quantitative differences, a series of LCA models were designed for the same triple-glazed window product by adhering to the PCRs of each operator, to highlight the differences in results that occur when performing the same assessment via different but all formally selectable operators and compliant EPDs.

Results and discussion
Results show that the EPD of a specific product can return very different impact scores if one or the other guideline is followed. Results can vary more than 10% from the base scenarios, what we consider a significant variation. This is observed across all impact categories. Focusing specifically on the climate change impact, the results show that differences are due to the choice of energy mix, reference service life and other parameters. It is thus the combination of several modelling differences that leads to a overall divergence in results, rather than one single methodological choice.

Conclusions
Numerous different but at the same time compliant EPDs can be obtained for the same product, highlighting a serious harmonisation issue within the EPD system. EPDs are thus not necessarily accurate, and it remains doubtful whether EPD comparability can be achieved. This weakness of the EPD system can in the worst case be exploited by producers to obtain lower results and undermines the system.

Recommendations
Besides recommending using LCA for learning and process improvement rather than just for external communication and compliance, to increase harmonisation in the EPD system, we recommend limiting the number of product-specific PCRs (e.g. complementary PCRs), align default values, learn from verification, use just one background database, increase transparency and move towards one centralized operator.