bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Longitudinal Analysis of Weight Changes before and after Total Knee Arthroplasty: Weight Trends, Patterns, and Predictors
Authors: Oyem Precious C. , Rullán Pedro J. , Pasqualini Ignacio , Klika Alison K. , Higuera Carlos A. , Murray Trevor G. , Krebs Viktor E. , Piuzzi Nicolas S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLongitudinal data on patient trends in body mass index (BMI) and the proportion that gains or loses significant weight before and after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are scarce. This study aimed to observe patients longitudinally for a 2-year period and determine (1) clinically significant BMI changes during the 1 year before and 1 year after TKA and (2) identify factors associated with clinically significant weight changes.A prospective cohort of 5,388 patients who underwent primary TKA at a tertiary health care institution between January 2016 and December 2019 was analyzed. The outcome of interests was clinically significant weight changes, defined as a ≥5% change in BMI, during the 1-year preoperative and postoperative periods, respectively. Patient-specific variables and demographics were assessed as potential predictors of weight change using multinomial logistic regression.Overall, 47% had a stable weight throughout the study period (preoperative: 17% gained, 15% lost weight; postoperative: 19% gained, 16% lost weight). Patients who were older (odds ratio [OR] = 0.95), men (OR = 0.47), overweight (OR = 0.36), and Obese Class III (OR = 0.06) were less likely to gain weight preoperatively. Preoperative weight loss was associated with postoperative weight gain 1 year after TKA (OR = 3.03). Preoperative weight gain was associated with postoperative weight loss 1 year after TKA (OR = 3.16).Most patients maintained a stable weight before and after TKA. Weight changes during the 1 year before TKA were strongly associated with reciprocal rebounds in BMI postoperatively, emphasizing the importance of ongoing weight management during TKA and the recognition of patients at higher risk for weight gain.Level of evidence II (prospective cohort study).
Preoperative and Postoperative Weight Change has Minimal Influence on Health Care Utilization and Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Tidd Joshua L. , Huffman Nickelas , Oyem Precious C. , Pasqualini Ignacio , Hadad Matthew J. , Klika Alison K. , Deren Matthew E. , Piuzzi Nicolas S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAs obesity becomes more prevalent, more patients are at risk of lower extremity osteoarthritis and subsequent total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aimed to test (1) the association of preoperative weight change with health care utilization and (2) the association of pre- and postoperative weight changes with failure to achieve satisfaction and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for pain (KOOS-Pain) and function (KOOS-PS) 1 year after TKA. Prospectively collected monocentric data on patients who underwent primary TKA were retrospectively reviewed. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the influence of BMI and weight change on outcomes while controlling for confounding variables. Outcomes included prolonged length of stay (LOS >3 days), nonhome discharge, 90-day readmission rate, satisfaction, and achievement of MCID for KOOS-Pain and KOOS-PS. Preoperative weight change had no impact on prolonged LOS (gain, p = 0.173; loss, p = 0.599). Preoperative weight loss was associated with increased risk of nonhome discharge (odds ratio [OR]: 1.47, p = 0.003). There was also increased risk of 90-day readmission with preoperative weight gain (OR: 1.27, p = 0.047) and decreased risk with weight loss (OR: 0.73, p = 0.033). There was increased risk of nonhome discharge with obesity class II (OR: 1.6, p = 0.016) and III (OR: 2.21, p < 0.001). Weight change was not associated with failure to achieve satisfaction, MCID in KOOS-Pain, or MCID in KOOS-PS. Obesity class III patients had decreased risk of failure to reach MCID in KOOS-Pain (OR: 0.43, p = 0.005) and KOOS-PS (OR: 0.7, p = 0.007). Overall, pre- and postoperative weight change has little impact on the achievement of satisfaction and clinically relevant differences in pain and function at 1 year. However, preoperative weight gain was associated with a higher risk of 90-day readmissions after TKA. Furthermore, patients categorized in Class III obesity were at increased risk of nonhome discharge but experienced a greater likelihood of achieving MCID in KOOS-Pain and KOOS-PS. Our results raise awareness of the dangers of using weight changes and BMI alone as a measure of TKA eligibility.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Transrectal Pelvic Abscess Drainage (EUS-PAD) – Bridging to Surgery: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Goerl Tina , Speck Christoph , Gehring Alexander , Wiessner Reiko 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background Currently, the methods for drainage of pelvic abscess primarily use computed tomography- or ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage or surgical drainage. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pelvic abscess drainage (EUS-PAD) is an alternative, minimally invasive tool to drain an abscess, localized close to the rectum or left colon, and therefore not accessible by other means.
Methods We report on the success of endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of peridiverticulitic abscess based on the two cases presented here. Using endoscopic ultrasound guidance an aspiration of the abscess from the endoluminal could be realized. After successive balloon dilatation via a guidewire while using X-ray imaging, the placement of pigtail or flap stent was performed. In addition, conservative therapy measures such as antibiotics, diet, and pain management were performed.
Results The interventions were successful in both patients, resulting in rapid recourse of discomfort, abscess size, and sepsis. After controlling the consequences of complicated diverticulitis, both patients underwent laparoscopic sigmoid resection with primary anastomosis and without ileostomy during an inflammation-free interval.
Conclusion Both cases demonstrate the advantages of EUS-PAD. A laparoscopic operation with primary anastomosis, lower perioperative risk, and without need of a protective ileostomy in early elective setting became possible by bridging the time until surgery by using EUS-PAD.
The roots and evolution of Iranian nationalism and its historiography
Authors: Asadian Reza 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNationalism, a multifaceted force, intricately shapes identities and histories across the globe. Iran, with its rich historical tapestry, exemplifies the complex interplay of nationalism, where diverse elements unite to forge a unique national identity. However, while various approaches to studying Iranian nationalism shed light on facets of this identity, each singularly fails to encapsulate its entirety. Through a systematic review, this article aims to amalgamate the factors influencing Iranian national identity, critically evaluating the strengths and limitations of each perspective and highlighting gaps in current research. The paper presents a categorization of existing scholarship into five distinct viewpoints. Beginning with the primordial underpinnings, it underscores their significance while noting their limitations in accounting for the influence of Orientalist narratives. The article subsequently delves into the effects of Western Orientalism on Iranian nationalism, highlighting the oft-neglected impact of global trends like industrialization. It further elucidates the instrumental role of leadership in crafting traditions and national identity. Finally, the study introduces a fresh perspective by emphasizing the centrality of the quest for self-determination in shaping Iranian identity. This analysis not only unveils the layered nuances of Iranian national identity but also proposes a robust framework, accentuating the imperative for sustained research in this continually evolving domain.
Metabolic engineering of microbial and plant chasses to optimize artemisinin production
Authors: Behera Jyoti Ranjan , Ekwudo Millicent N. , Nohoesu Oviavo Remi , Kilaru Aruna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone extracted from the sweet wormwood plant (
Artemisia annua
), is a crucial component in the production of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), the most effective treatment for malaria. In recent years, metabolic engineering has emerged as a powerful tool to enhance the production of artemisinin, both in microbial and plant chasses. This review article provides an overview of the recent literature on the metabolic engineering strategies employed to optimize artemisinin production, highlighting breakthroughs, challenges, and future directions.
A classical firewall transformation as a canonical transformation
Authors: Strauss Nathaniel A , Whiting Bernard F 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The firewall transformation put forward by ’t Hooft in recent years has made ambitious claims of solving the firewall problem and the black hole information paradox while maintaining unitary evolution. However, the theory has received limited attention from the community, especially in regards to its foundations in purely classical gravitational physics. This paper investigates the underlying assumptions of ’t Hooft’s firewall transformation before quantization. We find that the limiting procedure used by ’t Hooft in order to obtain an identification of the quantum operators for ingoing and outgoing particles near a black hole is not consistent. We propose a correction, which involves a more relaxed approximation regime. In the new approximation regime, we find a new classical analog for the firewall transformation for spherical shells, which allows evolving the spherical shells’ dynamics past their point of collision. In the classical theory, no firewall is removed, as both ingoing and outgoing matter is present on every spacelike hypersurface, and it does not appear that any firewalls will be removed after a canonical quantization.
Thin tubes of a massless scalar field as a possible source of dark energy
Authors: Lelyakov Alexander , Lelyakov Stepan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the proposed work, we have investigated the possibility of using an ideal gas of thin tubes of a massless scalar field as a source of Dark Energy. If we assume the homogeneity and isotropy of such an ideal gas, then its equation of state can be estimated by examining the gravitational field of a solitary tube of a scalar field. We have studied the gravitational field of a thin axially symmetric tube of a massless scalar field that moves without changing its shape and size. It was shown that the degree of rarefaction of the gas of thin tubes of a massless scalar field significantly affects its equation of state. So, for example, for a highly rarefied gas, its equation of state will tend to the equality

p
=
−
ρ

, and for a super-compressed gas, to the equality

p
=
ρ

. In this case, when expanding, such a gas must sequentially go through all states from

p
≈
ρ

to

p
→
−
ρ

.
Numerical optimization of dielectric properties to achieve process uniformity in capacitively coupled plasma reactors
Authors: Kim Ho Jun , Lee Kyungjun , Park Hwanyeol 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the results of our numerical analysis to optimize the dielectric properties to achieve process uniformity in the thin film deposition process using capacitively coupled plasma. The difference in the plasma density distribution was analyzed by changing the wafer material from silicon to quartz (or Teflon). Similarly, aluminum was compared with aluminum nitride as the electrode material, and the sidewall material was varied from quartz to a perfect dielectric to study the effect on the plasma characteristics. A two-dimensional self-consistent fluid model was used to analyze the spatial distribution of the plasma parameters. In terms of the process conditions, the gas pressure was set to 400 Pa, the input power was fixed to 100 W, and a radio frequency of 13.56 MHz was used. SiH4/Ar was used as the gas mixture, and these conditions were used as input for numerical simulations of the deposition state of the hydrogenated amorphous silicon layer. The radial spatial distribution of plasma parameters was confirmed to be modified by dielectric elements with low dielectric constants regardless of the type of element. Despite the thin wafer thickness, the use of a wafer with low permittivity weakens the electric field near the electrode edge due to the stronger surface charging effect. Additionally, by changing the material of the sidewall to a perfect dielectric, a more uniform distribution of plasma could be obtained. This is achieved as the peak values of the plasma parameters are located away from the wafer edge. Interestingly, the case in which half of the sidewall was specified as comprising a perfect dielectric and the other half quartz had a more uniform distribution than the case in which the sidewalls consisted entirely of a perfect dielectric.
Quantum transport in novel self-similar structure based on graphene
Authors: Miniya M , Oubram O , Gaggero-Sager L M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A new self-similar graphene structure with different construction parameters is created to investigate the scalability of transmission coefficient. The transfer matrix formalism is used to calculate transmission spectra for generations of the self-similar structure. Two cases are analyzed: In the first case, the barriers were created by substrates, which induce a gap in the graphene. In the second case, the barriers were created by electric fields that can produce a displacement of the Dirac cones. We find that both cases show self-similarity patterns in their transmission spectra, which can be demonstrated through analytical equations called scaling rules, those rules connecting the generations of the structure. It results when the height of the barriers (V
0) is scaled or not, it gives different scaling rules, which shows that V
0 can be a revealing factor to find alternatives to scaling the transmission coefficient. Scaling rules can be useful because one can determine the transmission coefficient of generation i + 1 only by knowing a generation i.
Structural, electronic, magnetic and optical properties of transition metal doped boron arsenide nanosheets
Authors: Helal M A , Fadlallah Mohamed M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Due to the fascinating properties of the BAs monolayer and its promising applications, we study the structural, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of the 3d transition metal mono-doped BAs nanosheets using first-principle calculations. Two substitutional doping configurations are considered at sites B (dopantB) and As (dopantAs). The doped structure at site As is more stable than at site B for the same dopant because the difference in atomic size between the dopant and As atoms is smaller than the corresponding dopant and B atoms. We explain the magnetic moments of the doped monolayer in terms of the number of valence electrons, the oxidation number, and the coupling between the electrons in the outer shell of the dopant. The MnB, Cu, and ZnB dopings convert the semiconducting behavior of the pristine BAs monolayer into metallic behavior. The BAs monolayer becomes a dilute magnetic semiconductor under the influence of VB, Cr, FeB, CoB, and Ni dopings. Due to their half-metallic behavior, the Ti-, Mn-, Fe-, and Zn-doped BAs at the site As can be used in spintronic applications. The TiAs and MnAs doped BAs nanosheets can enhance light absorption in the infrared and small range of the visible light regions as compared to pristine and the other doped nanosheets. The results indicate that doped BAs monolayers can be used in various optoelectronic and spintronic applications.
Thermal effect on microwave pulse-driven magnetization switching of Stoner particle
Authors: Chowdhury S , Akanda M A S , Pikul M A J , Islam M T , Min T 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We investigate the cosine-chirped microwave pulse (cosine CMP)-driven magnetization switching of a nanoparticle or stoner particle at a finite temperature in the framework of the stochastic Landau–Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. Numerical results reveal that the ultrafast and efficient magnetization switching is robust even at room temperature, and hence we estimate the maximal temperature at which the magnetization switching is still valid. The maximal temperature increases with the enlargement (by increasing cross-sectional area) of the nanoparticle/stoner particle volume to a certain value, and afterward, the maximal temperature decreases with the further increment of the nanoparticle size. Initially, the shape anisotropy (approximated by the easy-plane) coefficient does not become dominant although the stoner particle volume increases, which plays a role in increasing thermal stability (maximal temperature), and later the shape anisotropy field becomes dominant, which opposes the uniaxial anisotropy, i.e., reduces the energy barrier, which reduces the maximal temperature. For smaller volumes, the parameters of cosine CMP show a decreasing trend with temperature. The initial frequency requirement significantly decreases with shape anisotropy. Therefore, these findings might be useful to realize cosine CMP-driven fast and energy-efficient magnetization switching in device applications.
High-performance and stable CoSrS@rGO nanocomposite based electrode material for supercapattery device and electrochemical glucose sensor
Authors: Yasmeen Aneeqa , Afzal Amir Muhammad , Iqbal Muhammad Waqas , Mumtaz Sohail , Munnaf Shaik Abdul , Islam Mohammad Shahidul , Dastgeer Ghulam , Liaqat Maryam , Shahzadi Anam , Kanwal Javaria , Ahmad Zubair 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials possess excellent electrical conductivity, notable pore size, and exceptional stability. In this research, the cobalt strontium sulfide (CoSrS) nanocomposite is synthesized using the hydrothermal process. The CoSrS@rGO nanocomposite electrode material showed much greater specific capacity of 1050 C g−1 compared to the undoped sample (300 C g−1), as determined by a three-electrode measuring setup. Moreover, the results obtained from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyses indicated a noticeable enhancement in both surface area and conductivity. Further, the hybrid device (CoSrS@rGO//AC@PANI) showed power and energy densities of 39.5 Wh kg−1 and 3793 W kg−1, respectively. The hybrid device exhibited a retention rate of 70% of its initial capacity over 2000 cycles. Besides, the CoSrS@rGO nanocomposite electrode material was effectively used as an electrode for the electrochemical glucose sensor. The device showed high sensitivity and stability against the glucose. The CoSrS@rGO nanocomposite electrode exhibited a sensitivity with an R2 value of 0.99. This study offers valuable insights into the influence of temperature and conducting polymers on the performance of CoSrS@rGO nanocomposite electrode materials for multiple applications.
A DFT study of structural, electronic, optical, thermal and mechanical properties of cubic perovskite KGeX3 (X = Cl, Br) compound for solar cell applications
Authors: Azeem Waqar , Shahzad Muhammad Khuram , Wong Yew Hoong , Tirth Vineet 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study examined the structural, electronic, optical, mechanical, and thermal properties of K-based halide perovskites KGeX3 (X = Cl, Br). All the calculations have been carried out using the DFT-based CASTEP simulation package with an ultra-soft pseudo-potential plane wave and PBE-GGA technique. Both the studied perovskite compounds are stable in terms of mechanical and thermal stability. The calculated electronic properties indicate that both materials have a semiconducting behavior with a direct band gap. The band gap value is 0.92 and 0.62 eV for KGeCl3 and KGeBr3, respectively. The analysis of the electronic properties reveals a notable reduction in the bandgap as chlorine (Cl) is substituted with bromine (Br), decreasing from 0.92 to 0.52 eV. The results of our calculations are in good agreement with the previously reported research. The optical properties analysis reveals that both materials demonstrate high absorption and minimal reflection within the visible spectrum. The determined values for Poisson’s and Pugh’s ratios suggest that studied materials demonstrate a ductile behavior. The obtained values of Debye temperature are 265.25 and 191.62 K for KGeCl3 and KGeBr3, respectively. Based on their appropriate direct band gap and high absorption coefficient, these materials are considered promising candidates for photovoltaic applications, and are proposed as ideal potential materials for solar cells applications.
Fast-slow dynamics analysis in an externally excited smooth and discontinuous oscillator with a pair of irrational nonlinearities
Authors: Wei Mengke , Han Xiujing , Bi Qinsheng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study of fast-slow oscillations in systems with irrational nonlinearity that may yield abundant dynamical mechanisms is not well developed. This paper aims to investigate the fast-slow dynamics in an excited mass-spring oscillator with a pair of irrational nonlinearities, which can undergo the dynamical transition from smooth to discontinuous characteristics depending on the values of a smoothness parameter. Three different types of fast-slow oscillations are reported in this interesting smooth and discontinuous (SD) oscillator with a pair of irrational nonlinearities. Due to the smooth and discontinuous characteristics of this SD oscillator, we consider its dynamical behaviors under the smooth and discontinuous cases, respectively. Based on the fast-slow analysis and the two-parameter bifurcation analysis, the smooth fast-slow dynamics associated with fold hysteresis and its turnover are revealed. In the discontinuous case, the system can be viewed as a piecewise-smooth dynamical system governed by three different subsystems in different regions divided by two nonsmooth boundaries. In particular, the nonsmooth boundaries can be divided into parts with different dynamical behaviors, including escaping and crossing lines. Unlike the smooth case, there is no change in the stability of the equilibrium in these three subsystems. However, transitions of system trajectory induced by crossing lines can account for the generation of fast-slow oscillations in the piecewise-smooth system. As a result, the smooth and piecewise-smooth fast-slow dynamics in the excited SD oscillator with a pair of irrational nonlinearities are revealed, which deepens the understanding of fast-slow dynamics of the dynamical systems with irrational nonlinearity.
Generating superpositions of quantum states via a beam splitter with position measurement
Authors: Ren Gang , Zhang Chun-zao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We use the quadrature measurement to generate the novel nonclassical states via the beam splitter with two input states, i.e., a Fock state and a vacuum state. It is interesting to find that the desired target states are the Hermite polynomial excited vacuum states. Our results have shown that the zero-position detection for the position detector, the little photon number in the input state, and the high transmittance of the beam splitter (BS) are beneficial to improve the detection efficiency of finding the output states. The proposed states quantum statistical properties and squeezing effects are also studied in detail via different criteria. Our numerical analysis demonstrates that the output quantum states are new nonclassical states. Compared with the method of photon catalysis, position detection is easier to realize in experiments. Therefore, the results in this paper shall provide theoretical support for the experimental generation of several new nonclassical states.