bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Vitamin D Status with Dual Task Physical Performance in Older Adults
Authors: Lopez Johanna , Campa Adriana , Lewis John E. , Ercanli‐Huffman Fatma G. , Liuzzi Juan P. , Li Tan , Martinez Ana H. , Ferris Serena M 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of vitamin D status with age‐related changes in mobility and higher order cognitive function using a single and dual task physical performance test.MethodsAfter consenting, participants completed the baseline assessments that included serum levels of vitamin D, vitals, anthropometrics and body composition, as well as completing surveys to evaluate physical activity, depressive symptoms and fear of falling. Participants performed in random order the physical performance tests, which included 1) walking (single gait task); 2) counting backwards from 50 by 1 (single cognitive task); and 3) walking while counting backwards from 50 by 1 (dual task). The dual task physical performance variables measured were: 1) dual task gait velocity; 2) single task gait velocity; 3) difference in dual and single task gait velocity; 4) dual task counting rate; 5) single task counting rate; 6) difference in dual and single counting rate. Paired t‐tests were used to compare single and dual task variables within the whole population and each vitamin D status group. Spearman's correlations, independent t‐tests, repeated measures ANOVAs and multiple logistic regressions were used to examine the relationship between vitamin D insufficiency (25OHD<30ng/mL) and sufficiency (25OHD≥30ng/mL) and dual task physical performance variables. The significance level was set at α≤0.05, and statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS 21.ResultsThe mean +/− SD of serum vitamin D levels were 30.73 +/− 8.73 ng/ml and 46% of the participants were vitamin D insufficient. Dual and single task counting rate were significantly lower in the vitamin D insufficient group compared to the sufficient group (mean difference: −0.14, P=0.018 and mean difference: −0.06, P=0.028, respectively). Using Spearman correlations, a slower single (r=0.258, P=0.011) and dual counting rate (r=0.278, P=0.006) were significantly associated with vitamin D insufficiency.ConclusionsCognitive performance for dual or single tasking were worse in the vitamin D insufficient group. Since counting backward is a mental tracking task, which is a component of executive function, our results support a relationship between vitamin D insufficiency and executive dysfunction.
Assessing Dietary Intake of Minerals in the Form of Mineral Ratios may be more Informative for Evaluating their Status than by their Individual Intake
Authors: Kelly Owen Joseph , Gilman Jenifer C , Ilich Jasminka Z 
Published: November 2023

Conventionally, evaluating dietary intakes of minerals in relation to their recommendations are considered on an individual basis. However, minerals are consumed in food together, and not one at a time. The objective was to analyze NHANES data from 2011–2012 and assess mineral intakes of middle‐age population, calculate the mineral ratios and compare them to the DRIs. Summarized NHANES data were accessed from the “What We Eat in America” website, and values for K, Na, Ca, P, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu and Se are reported here. All values for minerals were converted to mg. Subsequently, the ratio of minerals within the DRI was compared to NHANES data. According to the DRIs, males and females (aged 51–70 years) should consume 8,340mg and 8,437mg of the reported minerals/d, respectively. NHANES data showed that males consumed 10,343mg while females consumed 7,866mg of those minerals, from food, in one day. According to the DRI ratios, for every 1,000mg Ca males should consume 4,700mg K, 1,500mg Na, 700mg P, 420mg Mg and 8mg Fe. However, NHANES analysis showed that males consumed 2,900mg K, 3,724mg Na, 1,460mg P, 310mg Mg and 15mg Fe for every 1,000mg Ca. Because the DRI for Ca for older females is higher, they consumed 2,910mg K, 3,362mg Na, 1,350mg P, 320mg Mg and 15mg Fe for every 1,000mg Ca. Based on the calculated ratios, the most obvious difference was between the recommended 3‐to‐1 for K/Na ratio compared to the 0.8‐to‐1 ratio actually consumed (for both males and females). This indicates that looking at deficiencies in relation to excesses, in other words, at the mineral ratios, may provide more information regarding mineral status, and may take mineral‐mineral interactions into account which might be more important than just individual values.Support or Funding InformationNo funding source.
Assessing Dietary Intake of Vitamins in the Form of Vitamin Ratios may be more Informative for Evaluating their Status than by their Individual Intake
Authors: Kelly Owen J , Gilman Jenifer C , Ilich Jasminka Z 
Published: November 2023

Conventionally, dietary vitamin intakes and their DRIs are considered on a one by one basis. However, vitamins in food are consumed together, and not one at a time. Therefore, the objective was to analyze NHANES data from 2011–2012 to assess vitamin intakes of middle‐age population, calculate the vitamin ratios and compare them to the DRIs. Summarized NHANES data were accessed from the “What We Eat In America” website, for vitamins C, niacin, E, B6, riboflavin, thiamine, A, folate, K, D3 and B12. According to the DRIs males should consume 127 mg of reported vitamins/d, and females 109mg of the same vitamins/d. NHANES, for 50–59 year olds, showed that males consumed 139mg of vitamins/d and females 136mg/d, from food. Setting D3=1, the male DRI ratio suggests for every 1mg D3; 60mg A, 1,000mg E and 8mg K should be consumed. In contrast, NHANES data showed that males consumed 117mg A, 1,470mg E and 22mg K for every 1mg D3. For females, for every 1mg D3; 54mg A, 1,163mg E and 7mg K should be consumed, per DRI. However NHANES showed consumption of 164mg A, 2,055mg E and 32mg K for every 1mg D3. This suggests that the ratio of all vitamins may be more important than focusing on individual vitamin intakes. In addition, mega doses of one vitamin may have unintentional negative consequences on the actions of others.Support or Funding InformationNo funding source.
Association between Serum Levels of 25‐Hydroxyvitamin and Triglycerides in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Pedrosa Lucia Fatima Campos , Pereira Hermilla Torres , Cunha Aline Tuane Oliveira , Aquino Sephora Louyse Silva , Lima Severina Carla Vieira Cunha , Fayh Ana Paula Trussardi , Lima Josivan Gomes , Sena‐Evangelista Karine Cavalcante Maurício 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between serum levels of 25‐hydroxyvitaminD [25(OH)D] and metabolic, nutritional, sociodemographic, and environmental factors in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS).MethodsAcross‐sectional study included 103 patients (82% women) with MS seen at the endocrinology outpatient clinic of the Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Natal, Northeast Brazil. Biochemical, nutritional, sociodemographic, dietary, sun exposure, and lifestyle variables were measured. Multivariable line arregression was performed to assess associations between serum levels of 25(OH)D and covariates.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 50.2 (SD=13.0) years. The mean 25(OH)D levels were 28.6 (SD=10.4) ng/ml. Approximately 40% and 20 % of patients respectively had insufficient (>20 and<30ng/ml)and deficient (<20ng/ml) levels of 25(OH)D. In the multivariate model(adjusted for age, gender, waist circumference, vitamin D intake, sun exposure, skin phototype, physical activity) 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with triglycerides (p=0.043). This finding suggests that the increase of 1 mg/dl of triglycerides can reduce 25(OH)D levels by −0.016 ng/ml (95% CI: −0.0307, −0.0004).ConclusionOur results highlight the inverse association between vitamin D and triglycerides independently of the various factors evaluated.Support or Funding InformationNational Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) – CNPq, Brazil; grant 471761/2013‐3
Absorption of Iron in Caco‐2 Cells Evaluated by Ferritin Upregulation from Five Dietary Supplement Iron Sources
Authors: Morgan Shane , Hartle Jennifer W 
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to use ferritin response of various commercially available dietary supplement iron sources as an indicator of iron absorption in a Caco‐2 cell model. Five iron sources were modeled: ferrous bisglycinate (FBG), ferrous asparto‐glycinate (FDG), ferrous sulfate (FS), ferric glycinate (FG), and iron polysaccharide (FP). Cells were grown in T‐25 culture flasks in a DMEM/10% FBS until maturity. Prior to treatment with the iron sources, the cell media was exchanged for a serum free MEM for 24 hours. Iron test materials were diluted to 50 μM in serum free MEM solutions at pH 7.4. Three milliliters of the test solution was added to each flask and the cultures were incubated for 3 hours. The cells were aspirated and rinsed with cold DPBS. Two milliliters RIPA buffer was added to each culture and they were incubated for four hours. Ferritin response was quantified using a commercial human ELISA kit (Abcam). It was found that the ferrous sources of iron had significantly more ferritin response than the ferric sources (p<0.05). Among the ferrous sources of iron, FBG had the highest ferritin response (120.85 ±4.71 ng), followed by FDG (113.20 ±6.54 ng) and FS (110.98 ±10.49 ng). Among the ferric sources of iron, FP had the highest ferritin response (33.91 ±4.60 ng), but it was not significantly different from the negative control (20.81 ±4.71 ng). Although it has been reported that Caco‐2 cells have iron reductase activity, it was not significantly upregulated in this trial. Alternative conditions may increase the uptake of ferric compounds for evaluation of absorption. This study did not measure the export of iron outside of the cell, and can provide indications of bioavailability potential of compounds. These results indicate that FBG had the highest total absorption of all iron sources and may be indicative of the highest bioavailability of all the tested iron sources.Support or Funding InformationAlbion
Zip14 (Slc39A14) is critical to modulate inflammatory responses in murine skeletal muscle
Authors: Kim Jinhee , Aydemir Tolunay Beker , Cousins Robert J. 
Published: November 2023

Skeletal muscle has primarily a contractile function that is accompanied with secretion of molecules that act through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine modes of action. Some of these muscle‐derived factors are induced during inflammation. The cytokine IL‐6 is produced in muscle and responds to inflammation and endotoxemia induced by LPS (endotoxin). Zinc metabolism is altered during endotoxemia. In this context, specific zinc transporters respond to endotoxemia. Using LPS administration to mice, we identified that expression of a relatively few zinc transporter genes were up‐regulated in skeletal muscle after LPS. At the transcript level, Zip14, a transporter associated with cellular zinc uptake, was the most highly upregulated of all 24 zinc transporter mRNAs in response to LPS administration. LPS also altered the zinc concentration in skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that Zip14 plays an important role in muscle during inflammation such as IL‐6 production. To determine the potential role of muscle Zip14 during inflammation, we used female wild type (WT) and Zip14 KO mice administered LPS by intraperitoneal injection. Interestingly, TNFα and IL‐6 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle of Zip14 KO mice over time was greater than in WT mice. The increased IL‐6 production and concurrent activation of the NF‐kB pathway, which was greater in the Zip14 KO mice, is suggestive of a regulatory role of Zip14 in skeletal muscle during inflammation. Hence, Zip14 may be an important factor to control zinc homeostasis and metabolic signaling in skeletal muscle during inflammation, suggesting a strong correlation between Zip14 and cytokines with the innate immune system, host defense, chronic disease and aging.Support or Funding InformationSupported by grant DK94244 from the National Institutes of Health.
Zinc Supplementation and Antioxidant Activity in Adult Women in Rural Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Bogale Alemtsehay , Stoecker Barbara J. 
Published: November 2023

Accumulating evidence suggests that zinc plays a significant role in antioxidant defense mechanisms and protects cellular components from oxidation. This study evaluated effects of 20 mg zinc supplementation for 23 days on antioxidant activity and oxidative stress biomarkers in blood and urine of women from resource limited households. Adult women (n=48) participated in this randomized double blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to placebo or zinc groups. Socio‐demographic and dietary diversity data were collected at baseline. Blood and urine samples were collected at baseline and end of the study. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to measure several antioxidant activity and oxidative stress biomarkers in plasma, erythrocytes and urine. Mean ± SD age of participants was 33 ± 5 and household size was 7 ± 3. Dietary diversity score was 4.5 ± 1 out of 12 food groups. Mean tropical livestock units per household was 2 ± 1. None of the participants reported consuming meat, fish or egg in the 24 h prior to the survey. Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), urinary 8‐isoprostane and the other biomarkers measured were not changed significantly in response to zinc supplementation. However, increases representing oxidative damage were observed in 8‐OHdG (p = 0.013) and 8‐isoprostane (p = 0.002) in the placebo group. Although antioxidant activity biomarkers did not differ significantly between baseline and endpoint within the zinc‐supplemented group, they tended to remain higher while some oxidative stress markers tended to remain lower in that group than in the placebo group. Thus, the findings warrant further investigation of these biomarkersSupport or Funding InformationSupported by Oklahoma State University and W3002 Multistate Project
Rip3 Forms Different Complexes Leading to Apoptosis or Necrosis
Authors: Li Wenjuan 
Published: November 2023

We have previously reported (Chen X, Cell Res, 2014 Jan; 24(1):105–210) that MLKL oligomerization leads to translocation of MLKL to lipid rafts of the plasma membrane, and that the plasma membrane MLKL complex acts either by itself or via other proteins to increase sodium influx, which increases osmotic pressure, eventually leading to membrane rupture. Recently, we find that MLKL functions not only as the downstream substrate of Rip3, but also as a regulator of Rip3 status, which would form different complex structures leading to cell survival, apoptosis or necrosis. We also identified some components that block Rip3‐dependent necrosis; these component acts quite differently from GSK872, a kinase inhibitor of Rip3. These compounds effect the interaction between Rip3 and MLKL, leaving Rip3 in a transition state, which delays Rip3‐dependent necrosis and does not induce Rip3‐dependent apoptosis.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program; 2013CB944903 and 2014CB541804), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31330047, 91029304 and 31221065), the Hi‐Tech Research and Development Program of China (863 program; 2012AA02A201), the 111 Project (B12001), and the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University (SKLCSB2012KF003).
Celiac disease: role of intestinal compartments in the mucosal immune response
Authors: Iaquinto Gaetano , Aufiero Vera Rotondi , Iacomino Giuseppe , Mazzarella Giuseppe , Schettino Michele , Masucci Armando 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundDifferent approaches have been used to study the pattern of cytokines in celiac disease (CD). Laser capture microdissection (LCM) is a powerful tool for the isolation of specific tissue compartments. We aimed to investigate the mucosal immune response that takes place in different intestinal compartments of CD patients, dissected by LCM, analyzing cytokine expression profileMethodsFrozen section of jejunum were obtained from 15 untreated CD and 15 control. Surface epithelium and lamina propria compartment were isolated by LCM. RNA from each LCM sample was extracted and, after a retrotranscription step, messenger RNA (mRNA) levels for MxA, IL‐15, TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐17α, IL‐21, IL‐10 and TGF‐β were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase‐PCR.ResultsIncreased gene expression levels of MxA, IL‐15, TNF‐α, IL‐10 and TGF‐β in the surface epithelium of untreated CD with respect to control. Furthermore, all the cytokines investigated were upregulated in the lamina propria of untreated CD as compared to control. Within the untreated CD group the expression of IL‐15 was higher, in the surface epithelium than in the lamina propria, whereas the expression of IL‐17 and IL‐21 were higher in the lamina propria than in the surface epithelium. Finally, high levels of IL‐10 and TGF‐β were detected in both compartments of untreated CD biopsies.ConclusionIn CD, surface epithelium and lamina propria compartments, play a prominent role in determining innate and adaptive immunity, respectively. Conversely, surface epithelium and lamina propria produce high levels of anti‐inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that both compartments are involved in the immunoregulatory response.
Echinacea Purpurea Down Regulates LPS‐induced Expression of Pro‐inflammatory and Angiogenic Factors in An Ex Vivo Model of Equine Placentitis
Authors: Sloboda Cole , Chico Sarah , Gordon Jacob , Bailey Scott , Zwetsloot Kevin A. , Mowa Chishimba 
Published: November 2023

Equine placentitis is a hard‐to‐diagnose infectious condition, which affects 3–7% of pregnancies. It represents the most common cause of late‐term abortion and neonatal disease. Current treatment protocols include antibiotic, as well as anti‐inflammatory therapeutics to mitigate the effects of uterine infection, but are largely empirical and have shown inconsistent effectiveness. In the current study, we tested the ability of Echinacea purpurea whole leaf extract to inhibit LPS‐induced up‐regulation of tumor necrosis factor 1 alpha (TNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ex‐vivo cultured equine placenta. Chorioallantois was harvested during c‐section of 2 mares and cultured ex vivo for 1 hour. Tissue samples of approximately 1g each were subsequently exposed to the following treatments for 6 hours in triplicate: a) negative control, RPMI media only; b) positive control, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1,000 ng/well) only; c) Echinacea only (10 mg/well); d) LPS (1000ng/well) + Echinacea: low (1 mg), medium (10 mg) and high (20 mg). Tissues were incubated in treatment‐solutions at 370C and 8% CO2 for 6 hours, fixed in 10% Formalin, embedded in paraffin and sectioned for confocal immunofluorescence studies using antibodies of VEGF and TNF. Addition of Echinacea blocked the up regulation of VEGF and TNF alpha by LPS dose‐dependently. We conclude that Echinacea could potentially be used to develop therapy for equine placentitis.Support or Funding InformationAppalachian State University, Office of Student Research.
The attenuating effects of 1,2,3,4,6 Penta‐o‐Galloyl‐β‐D‐Glucose on the inflammatory cytokines release from activated BV‐2 microglial cells
Authors: Mendonca Patricia , Bauer David , Taka Equar , Soliman Karam F. 
Published: November 2023

Inflammation is a critical pathogenic mechanism involved in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's diseases. One of the hallmarks of AD is the abnormal extracellular deposition of neurotoxic amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides which are toxic to neurons. An inflammatory process and the activation of glial cells by a variety of factors appear to have an important role in the pathway leading to neuronal cell death. Many natural compounds derived from plants have showed antiinflammatory activity, such as 1,2,3,4,6 Penta‐O‐Galloyl‐β‐D‐Glucose (PGG), which is a polyphenolic compound isolated from Rhus chinensis Mill that exhibits multiple pharmacological activities. Moreover, PGG is a potent inhibitor of IAPP (islet amyloid polypeptide, amylin) aggregation, which can slow or possibly prevent the toxic effects of IAPP oligometic intermediates. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of PGG in BV2 microglia cells activated by LPS/IFNγ. In this experiment, BV2‐immortalized murine microglial cells were used and cytokine antibody arrays were used to assess the effect of PGG in the release of proinflammatory cytokines, and ELISA experiments were performed to validate the results from the arrays. The results obtained from the cytokine arrays showed that PGG decreased the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein‐5 (MCP‐5) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP‐9). Both of these cytokines are up regulated during the inflammatory process. The results obtained demonstrate the ability of PGG to inhibit MCP‐5 and MMP‐9 synthesis in activated BV2 microglia cell. Up‐regulation of MMP‐9 and MCP‐5 has a great effect upon brain injury, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Therefore, PGG inhibition effects on the release of these cytokines may provide novel therapeutic agent to treat brain inflammation and may be useful in delaying the onset of microglia‐mediated neurodegenerative disordersSupport or Funding InformationNIH Grants G12 MD007582 and P20 MD 006738
Upregulation of Chemokine Ligands and Receptors in the Spinal Cord of Type 2 Diabetic Monkeys
Authors: Kiguchi Norikazu , Ding Huiping , Peters Christopher M. , Kock Nancy D. , Kishioka Shiroh , Wagner Janice D. , Cline J. Mark , Ko Mei‐Chuan 
Published: November 2023

Chemokines are a family of small chemoattractant cytokines that have an important role in controlling leukocyte migration and neuron‐glia interactions. Rodent studies have demonstrated that, like other cytokines, chemokine ligands and their cognate receptors in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) can regulate both acute and chronic/neuropathic pain. Given the high prevalence of pain in patients with type 2 diabetes, it is pivotal to know if chemokine ligand‐receptor systems are upregulated in diabetic primates. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine and compare the mRNA expression levels of chemokines in the spinal cord of monkeys that had 3–6 years of spontaneously occurring type 2 diabetes (n=7) and age‐matched nondiabetic monkeys (n=6). Chemokine mRNA expressions were analyzed by real‐time RT‐PCR in the SDH of these cynomolgus monkeys. CC‐chemokine ligands, CCL2 (MCP‐1) and CCL3 (MIP‐1alpha), mRNA expression levels were upregulated in the SDH of diabetic monkeys. In addition, their cognate receptors, CC‐chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5, mRNA levels were upregulated in the SDH. Expression levels of these ligands and receptors mRNA were also higher in the spinal ventral horn of diabetic monkeys. Among numerous chemokines examined, CX3CL1 (Fractalkine) and CX3CR1 are the most highly expressed genes in the spinal cord. However, their expression levels did not differ between diabetic and nondiabetic monkeys. These results indicate that at least two chemokine ligand‐receptor systems (i.e., CCL2‐CCR2 and CCL3‐CCR1/CCR5) were upregulated in the spinal cord of type 2 diabetic monkeys, which is widely regarded as a clinically relevant model. This first‐in‐primate study opens a new avenue to study the functional roles of chemokines and their cognate receptor antagonists for modulating pain in diabetic primates.Support or Funding InformationSupported by US‐PHS grants AR‐059193 and DA‐032568