bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles by Origanum majorana Aqueous Leaves Extracts, Characterization and Evaluated Against to Schistosoma haematobium
Authors: Eldera Samah S. , Alkhtaby Lila A. , Al‐Wafi Reem , El‐Nour Mohamed Abou 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSchistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma worms, is a major neglected tropical disease in Africa, this disease is ranked as second after malaria. Nanotechnology is important for treating schistosomiasis while minimizing chemotherapy side effects. The current investigate aimed to assess the effectiveness of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), which were used for the first time in an attempt to find alternative treatment for schistosomiasis and synthesized by Origanum majorana, and to compare them with praziquantel (PZQ), the only chemical treatment approved by the World Health Organization. The study included evaluations both in the laboratory and in vivo. In the laboratory experiment, adult worms exposed to ZnO nanoparticles at concentrations of 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, and 3.125 μg/mL showed the highest complete mortality rates at concentrations of 100 and 50 μg/mL after 6 and 12 h, respectively. Combinations of ZnO nanoparticles at concentrations of 12.5 + 0.4, 25 + 0.3, 50 + 0.2, and 75 + 0.1 μg/mL with PZQ were also tested. In vivo, four groups of hamsters infected with Schistosoma haematobium were treated. In hamsters, the number of eggs present in the tissues as well as the size and number of granulomas significantly decreased when ZnO nanoparticles combined with PZQ were administered. The properties of ZnO particles synthesized by Origanum majorana were consistent and confirmed by all previous studies. These results indicate that green ZnO nanoparticles with PZQ showed high activity against S. haematobium in laboratory experiments.
Highly loaded copper on mesoporous silica as catalysts for acetaldehyde production from ethanol: their synthesis, characteristics, and catalytic properties
Authors: Krutpijit Chadaporn , Suelueam Sirimas , Jongsomjit Bunjerd 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study investigates copper (Cu)/mesoporous catalysts supported on mesocellular foam silica (MCF‐Si) and Santa Barbara Amorphous‐15 (SBA‐15) for ethanol dehydrogenation, focusing on catalyst synthesis, performance, and stability. Cu catalysts were impregnated on the MCF‐Si and SBA‐15 supports with different pore morphologies – spherical and hexagonal structure, respectively – using the wetness impregnation method and incipient wetness impregnation (IW), with a Cu loading of 60 wt%. The synthesized catalysts underwent physical and chemical characterization via scanning electron microscopy combined with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray fluorescence, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, N2 physisorption, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), carbon monoxide chemisorption, hydrogen temperature‐programmed reduction (H2 TPR), ammonia temperature‐programmed desorption, and carbon dioxide temperature‐programmed desorption.RESULTSIt was observed that copper impregnation of the support in either method did not alter the structural characteristics. Incipient wetness resulted in superior catalytic activity, particularly with Cu/MCF‐Si (IW), having pure ethanol conversion of 99.4% and acetaldehyde yield of 95.7%, attributed to effective Cu dispersion and a lower reduction temperature. Further investigation of time‐on‐stream (TOS) behavior revealed sustained ethanol conversion rates exceeding 95% with a 10% ethanol feed. However, catalyst deactivation due to coke formation occurred with 100% ethanol, highlighting the importance of understanding catalyst stability and deactivation mechanisms.CONCLUSIONIncipient wetness resulted in superior performance compared to wetness impregnation, with Cu/MCF‐Si (IW) achieving exceptional ethanol conversion rates due to effective Cu dispersion and a lower reduction temperature. TOS testing revealed sustained ethanol conversion; however, catalyst deactivation was observed with pure ethanol feed due to carbon deposition (coke formation). Characterization techniques, including XRD, TGA, and H2 TPR analyses, provided valuable insights into the deactivation processes, highlighting the need for strategies to mitigate oxidation‐induced deactivation. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
The Polynomial Method for Three‐Path Extendability of List Colourings of Planar Graphs
Authors: Gordinowicz Przemysław , Twardowski Paweł 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe restate Thomassen's theorem of 3‐extendability (Thomassen, Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series B, 97, 571–583), an extension of the famous planar 5‐choosability theorem, in terms of graph polynomials. This yields an Alon–Tarsi equivalent of 3‐extendability.
Extremal Results on Conflict‐Free Coloring
Authors: Bhyravarapu Sriram , Gupta Shiwali , Kalyanasundaram Subrahmanyam , Mathew Rogers 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA conflict‐free open neighborhood (CFON) coloring of a graph is an assignment of colors to the vertices such that for every vertex there is a color that appears exactly once in its open neighborhood. For a graph , the smallest number of colors required for such a coloring is called the CFON chromatic number and is denoted by . By considering closed neighborhood instead of open neighborhood, we obtain the analogous notions of conflict‐free (CF) closed neighborhood (CFCN) coloring, and CFCN chromatic number (denoted by ). The notion of CF coloring was introduced in 2002, and has since received considerable attention. We study CFON and CFCN colorings and show the following results. In what follows, denotes the maximum degree of the graph.

We show that if is a ‐free graph, then . Dębski and Przybyło had shown that if is a line graph, then . As an open question, they had asked if their result could be extended to claw‐free (‐free) graphs, which is a superclass of line graphs. Since , our result answers their open question. It is known that there exist separate families of ‐free graphs with and .
For a ‐free graph on vertices, we show that . This bound is asymptotically tight for some values of since there are graphs with .
Let be an integer. We define as follows:
It is easy to see that when . Let be a positive constant. It was shown that . In this paper, we show (i) , where is a constant such that and (ii) , where is a constant such that . Together with the known upper bound , this implies that .
Perceiving the Inevitable: Understanding Observer Reactions to Workplace Mistreatment Through the Lens of System Justification Theory
Authors: Lyubykh Zhanna , Barclay Laurie J. , Turner Nick , Hershcovis M. Sandy 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSystem justification theory posits that individuals tend to justify and maintain the status quo. For workplace mistreatment, we argue this tendency can elicit psychological processes in observers that may further disadvantage targets of mistreatment. We propose that organizational climates that are perceived to tolerate mistreatment increase the likelihood that observers perceive specific instances of mistreatment as inevitable. This can activate system justification tendencies in which observers evaluate the mistreatment incident as more legitimate and the target as less legitimate, prompting harmful observer reactions (e.g., minimizing the incident, negatively gossiping about the target). To investigate system justification in observer reactions, we validate a measure of perceived mistreatment inevitability and conduct a multiwave survey to test our hypotheses. Our findings indicate that organizational climates that tolerate mistreatment increase observers' perceptions that specific instances of mistreatment are inevitable, thereby activating processes that prompt observers to justify and maintain the status quo. Theoretical implications include identifying what activates system justification, why observers justify mistreatment, and how these tendencies elicit harmful reactions further disadvantaging targets. Practically, our findings highlight the importance of addressing organizational climates that tolerate mistreatment, avoiding reliance on observers to intervene constructively, and effectively addressing mistreatment to prevent further harm to targets.
Understanding perfume deposition mechanisms on different textile substrates in a realistic laundering process
Authors: Marcotullio Luca , Gröb Péter , Scialla Stefano , Saveyn Pieter 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe laundering process is an essential routine for maintaining the cleanliness and freshness of textiles. Achieving an efficient deposition and retention of fragrances on different fabric types remains a complex challenge. This study provides a novel comparison of the impact on perfume deposition of different fabric types across wash cycle stages and wash conditions. The critical role of perfume redeposition during rinsing is examined, where micelles entrapped in the textile matrix break due to surfactant concentrations dropping below the critical micelle concentration (CMC), resulting in the release and subsequent redeposition on fabrics of perfume raw materials (PRMs) contained in the micelles. Our findings reveal that adsorption kinetics are faster on cotton compared with polyester. Cotton, due to its amphoteric nature, exhibits greater interaction with water molecules during rinsing, leading to more significant PRM loss. Conversely, polyester demonstrates a higher PRM retention capacity, which can be attributed to its hydrophobic nature. Surprisingly, however, we find that redeposition during the rinse steps of hydrophobic PRMs is more pronounced on cotton than polyester, which may be due to their respective water retention capacities and consequent effect on the micelle breaking mechanism.
Ruthenium Oxide: A Near 0.8 µm Epsilon‐Near‐Zero Medium for Multipurpose Nonlinear Photonics
Authors: Wang Lin , Yan Jiahe , Yuan Jiaqi , Lau Kuen Yao , Dong Junhao , Zheng Jingying , Xu Beibei , Yusoff Norita Mohd , Mahdi Mohd Adzir , Qiao Yanbo , Zhang Zuxing , Qiu Jianrong , Liu Xiaofeng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe intriguing optical response associated with the vanishingly small dielectric primitivity in epsilon‐near‐zero (ENZ) materials has offered unprecedented opportunities for photonics. Due to the high‐limit of doping concentration, current homogeneous ENZ materials based on heavily doped conductive oxide including ITO usually exhibit a zero‐permittivity wavelength (λ0) longer than 1200 nm. Here, this is identified with combined theoretical and experimental investigations that stoichiometric rutile‐type RuO2 (r‐RuO2) exhibits the shortest λ0 of near 800 nm among conductive oxides, benefiting from the high free electron concentration with characteristic Drude‐type response. The ENZ effect is manifested by the strong field enhancement and the large nonlinear optical (NLO) response in colloidal processed r‐RuO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and thin films. By ultrafast transient spectroscopy, the strong NLO response in r‐RuO2 NPs is revealed to be the result of rapid thermalization/cooling of free electrons in the strong hybridized Ru‐4d/O‐2p orbitals. The ultrafast optical nonlinearity is exploited further for the development of multi‐purpose all‐optical switches that enable stable pulse laser generation in four mode‐locked and Q‐switched fiber lasers. Our results underscore the potential of stoichiometric metallic metal oxides as alternative ENZ materials for nonlinear photonics applications in the visible and NIR regions.
The design of retroviral vectors used in the CAR‐T products, risk management, and future perspective
Authors: Yin Huifang , Wei Xuejing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapy is a revolutionary approach in cancer treatment. More than 10 CAR‐T products have already approved on market worldly wide, and they use either gamma retroviral vectors or lentiviral vectors to deliver the CAR gene. Both vectors have the ability to effectively and persistently integrate the CAR gene into T cells. Despite the advancements in CAR‐T therapy, the potential risks associated with the vectors, particularly the risks of the secondary malignancies, still remain as a concern. This article compares the characteristics of gamma retroviral and lentiviral vectors, discusses the development of vector packaging systems, and examines the design of self‐inactivating (SIN) vectors. It also addresses the risks of secondary malignancies that might possibly be associated with the retroviral vectors, and the strategies to decrease the risks and increase the safer clinical use of the vectors. This article also discusses the current regulatory landscape and management approaches aiming to mitigate these risks through stringent safety measures and ongoing monitoring. Future perspectives focus on improving the safety profiles of the vectors and broadening their scope of use. The article provides a thorough overview of the most recent research discoveries and regulatory updates in the field of CAR‐T therapy, highlighting the significance of a balanced strategy that strikes a balance between innovation and patient safety in the development and implementation of CAR‐T therapy.
At the nucleus of cancer: how the nuclear envelope controls tumor progression
Authors: Paganelli Francesca , Poli Alessandro , Truocchio Serena , Martelli Alberto M. , Palumbo Carla , Lattanzi Giovanna , Chiarini Francesca 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHistorically considered downstream effects of tumorigenesis—arising from changes in DNA content or chromatin organization—nuclear alterations have long been seen as mere prognostic markers within a genome‐centric model of cancer. However, recent findings have placed the nuclear envelope (NE) at the forefront of tumor progression, highlighting its active role in mediating cellular responses to mechanical forces. Despite significant progress, the precise interplay between NE components and cancer progression remains under debate. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and up‐to‐date overview of how changes in NE composition affect nuclear mechanics and facilitate malignant transformation, grounded in the latest molecular and functional studies. We also review recent research that uses advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence, to predict malignancy risk and treatment outcomes by analyzing nuclear morphology. Finally, we discuss how progress in understanding nuclear mechanics has paved the way for mechanotherapy—a promising cancer treatment approach that exploits the mechanical differences between cancerous and healthy cells. Shifting the perspective on NE alterations from mere diagnostic markers to potential therapeutic targets, this review calls for further investigation into the evolving role of the NE in cancer, highlighting the potential for innovative strategies to transform conventional cancer therapies.
Bonus Scheme, Managerial Delegation, and Quantity Competition
Authors: Chou Chung‐Hui 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis note examines if owners would offer a bonus for each unit of output dependent on both firms' output levels in equilibrium and the impacts on market performances. The main contribution is showing that owners may lessen quantity competition more than the standard Cournot by adopting the relative quantity delegation in which they offer an incentive scheme based on profit plus a bonus for each unit of output that decreases in their own output levels but increases in rivals' ones. Consequently, contrary to conventional wisdom, output delegation increases profitability but reduces consumers' surplus.
Two London Memorials to “James Parkinson [1755–1824], Esq. Surgeon, Late of Hoxton‐Square”
Authors: Toodayan Nadeem , Lees Andrew J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOf all London memorials commemorating historical medical personalities, none perhaps have been so frequented by neurologists as those honoring James Parkinson (1755–1824) of Hoxton square. Situated in the historical London borough of Hackney, there are two well‐known memorials to James Parkinson that can still be easily visited: The first, a large, inscribed marble memorial tablet at St Leonard's Church that Parkinson was closely affiliated with throughout life; the second, a historical blue plaque marking the site of Parkinson's birthplace and former home practice at 1 Hoxton Square. Although many contemporary neurologists would freely recall the historical significance of these locations, very few now living can detail the circumstances leading up to these memorials being erected. A new look at rediscovered primary resources provides considerable insight into the history of these monuments dedicated to James Parkinson. © 2025 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
SMARCB1‐deficient malignant melanocytic uveal tumours: a new neural crest‐derived tumour entity with SMARCB1‐related germline predisposition
Authors: Cyrta Joanna , Masliah‐Planchon Julien , Hoare Owen , Brillet Riwan , Andrianteranagna Mamy , Sohier Pierre , Cardoen Liesbeth , Bouchoucha Yassine , Filser Mathilde , Goncalves Andreia , Caly Martial , Fréneaux Paul , Stefanaki Kalliopi , Pefkianaki Maria , Moschovi Maria , Matet Alexandre , Cassoux Nathalie , Lumbroso‐Le Rouic Livia , Gauthier‐Villars Marion , Stern Marc‐Henri , Vincent‐Salomon Anne , Rodrigues Manuel , Bourdeaut Franck 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRhabdoid tumours (RT) are an aggressive malignancy affecting <2‐year‐old infants, characterised by biallelic loss‐of‐function alterations in SWI/SNF‐related BAF chromatin remodelling complex subunit B1 (SMARCB1) in nearly all cases. Germline SMARCB1 alterations are found in ~30% of patients and define the RT Predisposition Syndrome type 1 (RTPS1). Uveal melanoma (UVM), the most common primary intraocular cancer in adults, does not harbour SMARCB1 alterations. We report two cases of a previously undescribed intraocular malignancy that shared some features with UVM and RT, but was also distinct from these entities. Both female patients, aged 23 and 14 years, underwent enucleation, and the tumours were subjected to comprehensive genomic, DNA methylation, and transcriptomic profiling. Pathological examination showed large, amelanotic intraocular tumours with epithelioid features, expressing melanocytic markers [S100P, SOX10, Melan‐A, PMEL (HMB45), TYR] as seen using immunohistochemistry (IHC), but with little or no melanin production. Both tumours harboured biallelic loss‐of‐function SMARCB1 alterations, associated with loss of SMARCB1 (BAF47/INI1) expression on IHC. Their genomic profiles were atypical both for UVM and for RT, and no pathogenic variants were found in other genes tested, including those recurrently altered in UVM. In both patients, a germline SMARCB1 variant was found. However, there was no relevant family history of cancer. Transcriptome and methylome profiling suggested that these tumours were distinct from RT, UVM, and skin melanomas. RNAseq confirmed expression of early and late genes related to melanocytic differentiation. The first patient died of metastatic disease 16 months after diagnosis, the second was disease‐free 10 months after completion of treatment. In summary, we report two cases of a previously undescribed, aggressive SMARCB1‐deficient intraocular malignancy with melanocytic differentiation, which occurs in young patients, is distinct from UVM and RT, and expands the RTPS1 spectrum. © 2025 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Shape memory poly(aryl ether ketone) composites with smart thermal management and graded heat dissipation performances
Authors: Yang Shuai , He Yang , Song Zijian , Wang Sitong , Liu Jiaying , Li Ziyun , Li Yingchun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this paper, a series of shape memory poly(aryl ether ketone)s (PAEKs) with tunable Tg were synthesized, and physically blended to fabricate the quadruple shape memory PAEK materials. Besides, the ultrasonic assisted exfoliated boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) were integrated into PAEK matrix for the preparation of the composites with enhanced mechanical properties, thermal conductivity and dielectric performances. Besides, we used 20 wt% BNNSs/PAEK composite as material matrix to fabricate the smart heat management device, which could automatically switch between “Normal” and “Efficient” heat dissipation mode as the environment temperature changed. Furthermore, through the programming manipulations at different transition temperatures, the smart device performed the graded heat dissipation behaviors due to the intrinsic quadruple shape memory properties of PAEK matrix. Four different working modes, including “Normal”, “Grade I”, “Grade II” and “Grade III” modes, for the increasable heat dissipation efficiency, were automatically switched upon the increasing temperature of external heating source.Highlights
Designing molecular chains ensured quadruple shape memory behaviors.
Exfoliated BNNSs were integrated for enhanced thermal conductivity.
Increasable heat dissipation efficiency determined four work modes.
Regional and personalized heat dissipation requirements were fulfilled.
Chromosome Numbers and Reproductive Life Cycles in Green Plants: A Phylotranscriptomic Perspective
Authors: Dhakal Rijan R. , Harkess Alex , Wolf Paul G. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe strong correlation between reproductive life cycle type and chromosome numbers in green plants has been a long‐standing mystery in evolutionary biology. Within green plants, the derived condition of heterosporous reproduction has emerged from the ancestral condition of homospory in disparate locations on the phylogenetic tree at least 11 times, of which three lineages are extant. In all green plant lineages where heterospory has emerged, there has been a significant downsizing in chromosome numbers. This dynamic has been investigated without clear answers for many decades. In this study, we combine known ideas from existing literature with novel methods, tools, and data to generate fresh insights into an old question. Using gene family evolution models and selection analyses, we identified gene families that have undergone significant expansion, contraction, or selection in heterosporous lineages. Alongside lineage‐specific genomic changes, our results revealed shared genomic changes/trends among heterosporous lineages. We found expansions in gene families related to developmental regulation, signaling pathways, and stress responses across heterosporous groups. Notably, the MATE efflux family showed consistent expansion and evidence of selection in heterosporous lineages, suggesting a potentially conserved role in heterospory evolution. These findings could provide novel avenues to investigate and probe the underlying mechanism that may underpin the association between heterospory and genomic changes. The general importance of chromosome numbers, structure, and sizes in cellular biology notwithstanding, the association between the emergence of heterosporous reproduction and chromosome number reduction/genome downsizing is not fully understood. It remains unclear why there exists an association between aspects of biology at such disparate levels as reproductive life cycles and chromosome numbers/genome size. Exploring and answering this conundrum of evolutionary biology can add to our broader understanding of life sciences and of biology at different levels. Applying the novel tools and methods emerging from ongoing progress in biotechnology and computational sciences presents an opportunity to make new inroads into this long‐standing question.