bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New challenge in double-bore medical thoracoscopy in Fayoum University Hospital
Authors: Ahmed Mona I , El Hefny Radwa A , Farhat Enas S 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Thoracoscopy is an invasive technique. When other, less intrusive techniques are ineffective at providing a diagnosis in the case of pleural exudates, thoracoscopy should be employed. The diagnostic and therapeutic thoracoscopy methods used by the pulmonologist are divided into two techniques. In the first technique, a single entry site of a thoracoscope together with a working channel for supplementary tools and optical forceps for biopsy is often created. The alternative method employs two entrance points: one is for the examination telescope and the other is for accessory instruments, including the biopsy forceps.

Aim
The aim of this study is to assess the effect of the use of optical rigid bronchoscopy forceps using one entry site instead of two entry sites in double bore medical thoracoscopy.

Results
Thirty patients with undiagnosed pleural effusion underwent medical thoracoscopy by single entry site (procedure A) using optical rigid bronchoscopy forceps and another 30 patients undergone medical thoracoscopy with two entry sites (procedure B). all patients were subjected to history, examination, computed tomography (CT) of chest, ultrasound examination, laboratory tests. The two groups were matched regarding age, sex, smoking, and co morbidities. There were matched regarding radiology, thoracoscopic picture, and pathological diagnosis with same outcomes. The procedure A was short in duration with less postprocedure complications compared with procedure B.

Conclusion
The use of optical rigid bronchoscopy forceps in medical thoracoscopy as a single entry site is valuable in decreasing procedure duration and postprocedure complications in comparison with two entry sites in medical thoracoscopy.
Evaluation of exercise capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Mohamed Ashraf Z E-A , Shaaban Lamiaa H , Abdalah Amira E E-d , Tohamy Ali , Khaleel Waleed G E 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is ordinarily associated with social and economic burden. Pulmonary hypertension attributed to COPD varies greatly among studies; and accounts for worse quality of life and hence increased morbidity and mortality.
Aim
This study aimed to evaluate impact of pulmonary hypertension on exercise capacity, and possible predictors for exercise intolerance among COPD patients.

Methods
Patients suffering from COPD (73 patients) were grouped according to echocardiographic assessment for the presence of pulmonary hypertension into two groups. The assessment included full clinical history, mMRC dyspnea scale, COPD assessment test, arterial blood gases before and after exercise testing, and assessment of resting pulmonary function test. Also transthoracic echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) using incremental treadmill exercises protocol was done for all participants.

Results
A total of 39 (53.4%) COPD patients have pulmonary hypertension. COPD patients with pulmonary hypertension had significantly lower parameters of pulmonary function tests either pre or postbronchodilator; significantly lower pH, PaO2 and SaO2 either before or after CPET. It was found that all parameters of metabolic response during exercise were significantly lower among COPD-PH patients (P<0.001). Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) showed significant negative correlations with peak VO2 (r=−0.514, P<0.001), VO2/kg (r=−0.443, P<0.001), oxygen pulse (% predicted) (r=−0.459, P<0.001), oxygen saturation post exercise (r=−0.427, P<0.001). Also PASP showed significant positive correlation with VE/VO2 (at peak) (r=0.374, P=0.001), VE/VCO2 (at peak) (r=0.609, P<0.001). Predictors of poor exercise capacity among COPD patients included in the study were COPD-PH group (OR=8.84, 95%CI= 1.79–43.65), PASP (OR=1.11, 95% CI=1.02–1.15), forced expiratory volume (FEV1)% (OR=0.89, 95% CI=0.84–0.95) and mMRC (OR=3.10, 95% CI=1.13–8.47), CAT assessment (OR=1.37, 95% CI=1.14–1.65), MVV L/min (OR=0.91, 95% CI=0.86–0.96) and mean PAP (OR=1.16, 95% CI=1.11–1.29).

Conclusion
Pulmonary hypertension in patients with COPD is negatively correlated with exercise capacity, specifically peak VO2 percent predicted. Furthermore, pulmonary hypertension had a significant impact on gas exchange. Assessment of pulmonary hypertension using echocardiography among COPD patients is a valuable tool for predicting exercise impairment.
Ayurvedic Management of Paripluta Yonivyapad (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease)-A Case Report
Authors: Pandya Matangee , Donga Shilpa , Cholera Meera 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a polymicrobial upper genital tract infection and having common complaint among reproductive age women. In Ayurveda, the disease is correlated with Paripluta Yonivyapad. A 32-year-old female was diagnosed with Paripluta Yonivyapad (PID), with the main symptom being profuse purulent per vaginal discharge with foul smell, fever, pelvic pain, and dyspareunia. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was present in her vaginal smear. Fluid in Pouch of Douglas and a prominent pelvic vein was present in (~ultrasonography [USG]). C-reactive protein (quantitative) was elevated in her biochemical examination. The patient was treated with Punarnavadi guggulu orally and Panchavalkaladi taila yonipichu (~medicated vaginal tampoon) for 2 months. Bimanual examination, the microbiological, and biochemical outcomes were measured before and after treatment. Adopted treatment plan has given favorable result with the absence of microorganism in vaginal smear, normal pelvic USG, and biochemical investigation. The present case signifies the fruitful outcome of Ayurvedic treatment in PIDs.
Comparison of Tuttha Bhasma Prepared by Two Different Methods: A Pharmaceutico-analytical Study
Authors: Ranade Manjiri Anil 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
This research study focuses on the standardization and chemical characterization of Tuttha Bhasma, an essential component of Ayurvedic medicine. Tuttha, a mineral substance, is utilized for its therapeutic properties but requires purification before use to prevent adverse effects. The study aims to standardize two distinct preparation methods (Method A and Method B) for Tuttha Bhasma following traditional procedures and assess their chemical properties for potential therapeutic efficacy.

Materials and Methods:
Raw materials including Tuttha, Nimbu, Lakucha, Shodhit Gandhaka, and Shodhit Tankana were procured and used in the preparation processes. The study involved Nirmalikarana (cleansing), Tuttha Shodhana (purification), and Tuttha Marana (incineration) through both methods. Organoleptic tests and Bhasma Pariksha tests were conducted alongside modern atomic absorption spectroscopy to analyze Tuttha Bhasma’s physical characteristics and chemical composition.

Results:

Tuttha Bhasma prepared using both methods and passed classical Ayurvedic tests, indicating successful preparation. Analysis revealed substantial changes in chemical composition during Tuttha Bhasma preparation. Method A exhibited a significant increase in copper content (65.85%) while Method B displayed elevated copper (67.23%), sulfur (8.51%), and iron (1.76%) levels. Method B’s Tuttha Bhasma exhibited higher proportions of macro- and microminerals.

Conclusion:
The study successfully standardizes Tuttha Bhasma preparation methods and characterizes their chemical properties. Both methods yield Bhasma conforming to classical Ayurvedic tests, indicating their potential efficacy. Method B, involving Gandhaka and Tankana for Marana, results in Tuttha Bhasma with enhanced mineral content, suggesting greater therapeutic potential. These findings contribute to the advancement of Ayurvedic medicine, offering standardized Tuttha Bhasma preparation methods and insights into its chemical composition for future therapeutic exploration.
Effectiveness of Aculief acupressure device on pain perception during local anesthesia in children: A double-blinded study
Authors: Pushpasanthy M. , Ephraim Rena , Ayilliath Ambili , Dhanya K. B. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Aculief acupressure device on the reduction of pain during local anesthesia (LA) in children and to compare it with the cryotherapy technique.

Methodology:
20 children of age group between 6 and 9 years, requiring pulpectomy or extraction bilaterally were chosen for the study. After ethical clearance and parental consent, children who were not experienced to prior local anesthesia were chosen for the study. A split-mouth study design was done to avoid bias, and children were divided into two groups. During the first visit cryotherapy application was done on any one side followed by the LA, and during the second visit Aculief acupressure application was done, which was followed by the LA. The objective and subjective evaluation of pain during the LA was carried out and analyzed.

Results:
The objective perception of pain was evaluated using the Sound-Eye-Motor Scale by an observer who was blinded, and the subjective perception of pain by the Wong–Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale was evaluated by the child patient. The statistical analysis and comparison of values were done using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The pain during administration of LA was eliminated after the application of the Aculief acupressure device, and the results were superior to the cryotherapy technique.

Conclusion:
The Aculief acupressure device can be effectively used to eliminate pain perception while administering LA in children. It is a simple, safe, noninvasive, and effective device and is easy to perform.
Anesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine versus 2% lignocaine in root canal treatment of teeth with molar incisor hypomineralization
Authors: Thomas Ann Mary , George Sajeena , Anandaraj S. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is considered the cornerstone in achieving anesthesia for mandibular molars. However, failure of routine lignocaine IANB to achieve profound anesthesia of the pulp has been reported in patients with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:100,000 has proven to provide total pain relief during most dental procedures.

Aims:
This study aimed to assess and compare the pain perception level in children using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) during root canal treatment after administering 4% articaine buccal infiltration (BI), 4% articaine IANB, and 2% lignocaine IANB.

Subjects and Methods:
Twenty-seven children aged 8–12 years, requiring root canal treatment of mandibular first permanent molars with MIH were randomly allocated into three groups - 4% articaine (1:100,000 epinephrine) BI, 4% articaine (1:100,000 epinephrine) IANB, and 2% lignocaine IANB. The efficacy of the anesthetic was determined by rating the pain perception of the child using a VAS.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The scores marked by the children on the VAS were recorded and were statistically analyzed. Data were entered into Microsoft excel data sheet and were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 17.0.

Results:
Patients anesthetized with 4% articaine IANB presented lesser pain scores compared to IANB with 2% lidocaine and 4% articaine BI on access opening and instrumentation of the root canals.

Conclusion:
4% articaine IANB has better anesthetic efficacy than 4% articaine BI and 2% lignocaine IANB in anesthetising mandibular first permanent molars with MIH.
A comparative evaluation of the fluoride content in commercially available infant formulae in India: An in vitro study
Authors: Satti Asha Supriya , Muppa Radhika , Kotha Ravichandra Sekhar , Koya Srikanth , Kantipudi Mrudhula J. N. , Harika Ch Deepthi Siva 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
The most critical period for enamel fluorosis to develop is during the early years of life when enamel formation occurs. To minimize the risk of dental fluorosis development, monitoring fluoride intake during teeth development has been suggested. As infant formulae are major source of nutrition in infants, it is important to determine the fluoride content in them in order to monitor the fluoride intake in infants.

Aims:
To estimate and comparatively evaluate the fluoride content in different commercially available infant formulae in India.

Methodology:
A total of 16 commercially available infant formulae were collected from local pharma/grocery stores, in which 14 were milk based (Group M) and 2 were soy based (Group S). Fluoride content of the formulae was evaluated using ORION F selective electrode.

Statistical Analysis Used:
ANOVA test, t-test.

Results:
The mean F values for groups M and S were found to be 0.031 and 0.07 ppm, respectively. Fluoride content of milk-based formulae was significantly lesser (P < 0.001) than soy-based formulae. Daily fluoride intake through the tested formulae was in the range of 0.013 mg and 0.105 mg when calculated following the manufacturer’s preparation guidelines.

Conclusions:
Infant formulae alone were unlikely to be a risk factor for dental fluorosis, but when reconstituted with optimally fluoridated water, they can be a risk factor for the development of dental fluorosis.
Evaluation of dental anxiety in children with Down’s syndrome using dog-assisted therapy: A pilot study
Authors: Naik Shilpa S. , Joshi Amil , Winnier J. Jasmin , Patil Diksha D. , Gore Priya Jayant , Mali Sonal Sanjay 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Dental anxiety and fear are the major treatment challenges faced by pediatric dentists. Oral hygiene in children with Down’s syndrome is highly compromised in comparison to their healthy counterparts. Animal-assisted therapy, through dogs, has been beneficial in alleviating dental fear and anxiety in healthy pediatric population.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to assess the impact of dog-assisted therapy (DAT) on children with Down’s syndrome undergoing dental examination and fluoride varnish application in dental operatory.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty children with Down’s syndrome between 5 and 12 years of age were selected. Group A (intervention group): DAT was carried out in the dental operatory. Group B (control group): Dental treatment was performed in the absence of a therapy dog in the dental operatory. Anxiety levels were evaluated by recording the pulse rate and revised modified faces version of the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDAS[f]).

Statistical Analysis:
The intergroup comparison of pulse rate was done using an unpaired t-test, whereas the variation in intragroup pulse rate was analyzed using the Analysis of Variance test. The anxiety scores were subjected to a paired t-test for intragroup comparison with P < 0.05 considered to be statistically significant.

Results:
Reduction in dental anxiety was observed in the intervention group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
DAT can be used as an effective behavior management technique for children with Down’s syndrome undergoing dental examination and simple dental procedures in the dental operatory.
Benign Phyllodes Tumor with Extensive Cystic Squamous Metaplasia, Clinically Presenting as Malignant Phyllodes
Authors: Agrawal Mousmi , Hussain Nighat , Ramchandani Radhakrishna , Chowhan Amit Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Phyllodes tumor are very rare fibroepithelial lesions which comprises 0.3%–1% of all primary breast tumors with peak age around 40–50 years. Phyllodes tumor are classified ino three types: Benign, borderline and malignant tumors. Metaplastic change is very rare in these tumors and can involve both epithelial or stromal components. Stromal metaplastic changes include cartilage, bony or fatty change. Epithelial metaplastic changes include apocrine or squamous change. About 10% of phyllodes tumor show squamous metaplasia. We report a case of 47-year-old patient presenting with large lump in right breast measuring 16 cm × 15 cm × 11 cm, occupying all four quadrants. Clinically, it appeared as malignant phyllodes. But, microscopically, it was benign phyllodes tumor having extensive cystic squamous metaplasia.
Expression of Fibroblast Activation Protein-alpha in Odontogenic Lesions – A Retrospective Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Tamgadge Sandhya , Pereira Treville 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes cellular and noncellular components that play important roles in tumor genesis, progression, and therapy response. While much study has been done on the TME in other types of cancer, our understanding of its involvement in odontogenic lesions is still restricted.

Materials and Methods:
The study group included total (171) odontogenic lesions, which were further divided into two categories. Odontogenic tumors (80) and (2) odontogenic cysts (91). There were 50 cases in the control group. Lymphoma was chosen as the negative control, whereas colorectal and breast carcinomas were chosen as the positive controls. All groups were immunohistochemically stained with the fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-alpha antibody. The samples from the study groups were compared to clinical parameters and statistically evaluated using the Chi-square and Kendall’s tau tests. Unpaired t-test was used to compare the final immune reactivity score (IRS) with the presence or absence of epithelium, radiographic locularity, and ramus involvement. Cronbach’s alpha was used to calculate inter-rater reliability.

Results:
The ameloblastoma tumor group and the odontogenic keratocysts in the cyst group showed a high mean IRS. When the final IRS was compared to a few clinical characteristics such as lesion extension and ramus involvement, showed statistical co-relation.

Conclusion:
With significant connections between the final IRS and a few clinical features, FAP-alpha appears to be a reliable marker for odontogenic lesions. It could be employed as a therapeutic and prognostic marker in future.
Presenting Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer in a Tertiary University Hospital in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Madkhali Abdossalam M. , Almozini Mohammed Abdullah 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer among Saudi males with age standardized rate (SAR) of 12.9 and 12.5/100,000 in 2016 and 2017, respectively, and the third most common cancer among Saudi females with (SAR) of 9.5 and 10.9/100,000 in 2016 and 2017, respectively.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to identify the presenting symptoms of CRC in our population and to improve our ability to diagnose it and treat it as early as possible.

Materials and Methods:
In this retrospective analysis, the medical records of all patients diagnosed with CRC in King Khalid University Hospital during 2016 and 2017 (n = 266), were reviewed.

Results:
The median age at diagnosis was 59 years (standard deviation = 13.6), 52 (22%) of those patients were younger than 50 years old, and 20 (9.9%) were younger than 40 years old. 137 (58%) of them are males. The most common presenting symptoms were abdominal pain (n = 115, 54.8%), weight loss (n = 96, 45.7%), and hematochezia (n = 88, 41.9), For more than half of the patients, bleeding per rectum was not reported, and for the majority of the patients younger than 50 years old, only (n = 24, 49%) presented with bleeding per rectum, abdominal pain (n = 32, 65.3%) and weight loss (n = 21, 42.9%). 87 patients (48%) had stage III tumor at presentation while 44 (24%) had stage IV.

Conclusion:
diagnosis of CRC should have a high index of suspicion to diagnose it at an earlier stage and have a better outcome, especially in the younger population.
Effectiveness of Team-based Learning Methodology in Improving Learning Outcomes Among 2nd-year Undergraduate Medical Students in Pathology
Authors: Amita K. , Ningappa Asharani , Kusuma K. N. , Shankar Nachiket , Umesh Soumya 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Team-based learning (TBL) is a student-centric teaching–learning (TL) method and fosters active learning. TBL has an advantage over other small group TL methods for balancing teaching time and resources.

Aim:
The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of TBL methodology in improving learning outcomes among 2nd-year undergraduate medical students in pathology.

Settings and Design:
This was a quantitative interventional study involving 100 2nd-year MBBS students in pathology at AIMS, BG Nagara.

Methodology:
Two groups of 50 students were exposed to three TBL and case-based learning (CBL) sessions on similar topics. For the TBL session, individual readiness assurance test scores and team readiness assurance test scores were obtained.

Statistical Analysis Used:
For both the TBL and CBL sessions, retention test scores were obtained after 2 weeks and the effectiveness of two methods of learning was determined by comparing the retention test scores by independent Student’s t-test. Feedback on students’ perception of TBL was obtained using a five-point Likert scale.

Results:
The mean test score of the TBL session was significantly higher than that of CBL sessions (19.80 vs. 15.86, P < 0.0001). Similarly, it was also observed that the retention scores were higher among average performers after the TBL session (19.71 vs. 12.50, P < 0.0002).

Conclusion:
TBL is more effective than CBL in fostering learning and it selectively benefits average performers more than higher performers, evidenced in this study by better retention of knowledge.
Specific Immunological Investigation in the Management of Patients with Spine and Joint Pathology
Authors: Delevskyi Yuriy P. , Leontieva Frida S. , Morozenko Dmitriy V. , Dielievska Valentyna Yu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The immunological investigation is used for the improvement of the quality of the treatment of various diseases. The aim of the study was to estimate the significance of specific immunological methods in the management of inflammatory diseases.

Materials and Methods:
Determination of the level of autoimmune lymphocytotoxic and granulocytotoxic antibodies (ALA and AGA) and reaction of inhibition of leukocyte migration were used for investigation of persons with orthopedic, metabolic, and lung pathology.

Results:
The study showed increased serum levels of ALA and AGA, decreased nonspecific LIF production and increased level of LIF in the presence of own serum, increased leukocyte migration to synovial membrane, bone, cartilage, Candida lusitaniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus in persons with periprosthetic infection.. Decreased leukocyte migration to the antigens of S. aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and connective tissue antigens was determined in persons with inflammatory diseases of bones. Increased ALA, reduced LIF, and leukocyte migration enhancement to synovial membrane were revealed in impaired glucose metabolism. The persons with anemia were characterized by increased ALA, sensitization to bone and cartilage, Staphylococcus, and humoral sensitization to E. coli. Increased serum levels of ALA, AGA, decreased level of nonspecific LIF production and sensitization to connective tissue, Streptococcus and E. coli were determined in persons with impaired cholesterol level. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients were characterized by sensitivity to S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and humoral sensitization to the lung tissue.

Conclusions:
Inflammatory diseases are characterized by specific signs of immunological status and require definition of individual tactics of the treatment.