bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fuel treatment response groups for fire-prone sagebrush landscapes
Authors: Chambers Jeanne C. , Brown Jessi L. , Reeves Matthew C. , Strand Eva K. , Ellsworth Lisa M. , Tortorelli Claire M. , Urza Alexandra K. , Short Karen C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Sagebrush shrublands in the Great Basin, USA, are experiencing widespread increases in wildfire size and area burned resulting in new policies and funding to implement fuel treatments. However, we lack the spatial data needed to optimize the types and locations of fuel treatments across large landscapes and mitigate fire risk. To address this, we developed treatment response groups (TRGs)—sagebrush and pinyon-juniper vegetation associations that differ in resilience to fire and resistance to annual grass invasion (R&R) and thus responses to fuel treatments.

Results
We developed spatial layers of the dominant sagebrush associations by overlaying LANDFIRE Existing Vegetation Type, Biophysical Setting, and Mapping Zone, extracting vegetation plot data from the LANDFIRE 2016 LF Reference Database for each combination, and identifying associated sagebrush, grass, shrub, and tree species. We derived spatial layers of pinyon-juniper (PJ) cover and expansion phase within the sagebrush associations from the Rangeland Analysis Platform and identified persistent PJ woodlands from the LANDFIRE Biophysical Setting. TRGs were created by overlaying dominant sagebrush associations, with and without PJ expansion, and new indicators of resilience and resistance. We assigned appropriate woody fuel treatments to the TRGs based on prior research on treatment responses. The potential area to receive woody fuel treatments was constrained to 52,940 km2 (18.4%) of the dominant sagebrush associations (272,501 km2) largely because of extensive areas of low R&R (68.9%), which respond poorly and were not assigned treatments. Prescribed fire was assigned to big sagebrush associations with moderate or higher resilience and moderately low or higher resistance (14.2%) due to higher productivity, fuels, and recovery potential. Mechanical treatments were assigned to big sagebrush associations with moderately low resilience and to low, black, and mixed low sagebrush associations with moderately low or higher R&R (4.2%) due to lower productivity, fuels, and recovery potential. Persistent PJ woodlands represent high value resources and were not assigned treatments (9%).

Conclusions
Mapped TRGs can help identify the dominant sagebrush associations and determine appropriate fuel treatments at intermediate scales and provide the basis for quantitative wildfire risk assessments and outcome-based scenario planning to prioritize fuel treatment investments at large landscape scales.
Fixing the Leaky Pipe: How to Improve the Uptake of Patient-Reported Outcomes–Based Prognostic and Predictive Models in Cancer Clinical Practice
Authors: Spencer Katie L. , Absolom Kate L. , Allsop Matthew J. , Relton Samuel D. , Pearce Jessica , Liao Kuan , Naseer Sairah , Salako Omolola , Howdon Daniel , Hewison Jenny , Velikova Galina , Faivre-Finn Corinne , Bekker Hilary L. , van der Veer Sabine N. 
Published: November 2023

PURPOSEThis discussion paper outlines challenges and proposes solutions for successfully implementing prediction models that incorporate patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in cancer practice.METHODSWe organized a full-day multidisciplinary meeting of people with expertise in cancer care delivery, PRO collection, PRO use in prediction modeling, computing, implementation, and decision science. The discussions presented here focused on identifying challenges to the development, implementation and use of prediction models incorporating PROs, and suggesting possible solutions.RESULTSSpecific challenges and solutions were identified across three broad areas. (1) Understanding decision making and implementation: necessitating multidisciplinary collaboration in the early stages and throughout; early stakeholder engagement to define the decision problem and ensure acceptability of PROs in prediction; understanding patient/clinician interpretation of PRO predictions and uncertainty to optimize prediction impact; striving for model integration into existing electronic health records; and early regulatory alignment. (2) Recognizing the limitations to PRO collection and their impact on prediction: incorporating validated, clinically important PROs to maximize model generalizability and clinical engagement; and minimizing missing PRO data (resulting from both structural digital exclusion and time-varying factors) to avoid exacerbating existing inequalities. (3) Statistical and modeling challenges: incorporating statistical methods to address missing data; ensuring predictive modeling recognizes complex causal relationships; and considering temporal and geographic recalibration so that model predictions reflect the relevant population.CONCLUSIONDeveloping and implementing PRO-based prediction models in cancer care requires extensive multidisciplinary working from the earliest stages, recognition of implementation challenges because of PRO collection and model presentation, and robust statistical methods to manage missing data, causality, and calibration. Prediction models incorporating PROs should be viewed as complex interventions, with their development and impact assessment carried out to reflect this.
Selective Personalized RadioImmunotherapy for Locally Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Trial (SPRINT)
Authors: Ohri Nitin , Jolly Shruti , Cooper Benjamin T. , Kabarriti Rafi , Bodner William R. , Klein Jonathan , Guha Chandan , Viswanathan Shankar , Shum Elaine , Sabari Joshua K. , Cheng Haiying , Gucalp Rasim A. , Castellucci Enrico , Qin Angel , Gadgeel Shirish M. , Halmos Balazs 
Published: November 2023

PURPOSE Standard therapy for locally advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) is concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by adjuvant durvalumab. For biomarker-selected patients with LA-NSCLC, we hypothesized that sequential pembrolizumab and risk-adapted radiotherapy, without chemotherapy, would be well-tolerated and effective. METHODS Patients with stage III NSCLC or unresectable stage II NSCLC and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-1 were eligible for this trial. Patients with a PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) of ≥50% received three cycles of induction pembrolizumab (200 mg, once every 21 days), followed by a 20-fraction course of risk-adapted thoracic radiotherapy (55 Gy delivered to tumors or lymph nodes with metabolic volume exceeding 20 cc, 48 Gy delivered to smaller lesions), followed by consolidation pembrolizumab to complete a 1-year treatment course. The primary study end point was 1-year progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end points included response rates after induction pembrolizumab, overall survival (OS), and adverse events. RESULTS Twenty-five patients with a PD-L1 TPS of ≥50% were enrolled. The median age was 71, most patients (88%) had stage IIIA or IIIB disease, and the median PD-L1 TPS was 75%. Two patients developed disease progression during induction pembrolizumab, and two patients discontinued pembrolizumab after one infusion because of immune-related adverse events. Using RECIST criteria, 12 patients (48%) exhibited a partial or complete response after induction pembrolizumab. Twenty-four patients (96%) received definitive thoracic radiotherapy. The 1-year PFS rate is 76%, satisfying our efficacy objective. One- and 2-year OS rates are 92% and 76%, respectively. The most common grade 3 adverse events were colitis (n = 2, 8%) and esophagitis (n = 2, 8%), and no higher-grade treatment-related adverse events have occurred. CONCLUSION Pembrolizumab and risk-adapted radiotherapy, without chemotherapy, are a promising treatment approach for patients with LA-NSCLC with a PD-L1 TPS of ≥50%.
An observer's perspective of the Unruh and Hawking effects—Using coherent signals to extract information from a black hole
Authors: Ramakrishna Satish 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Unruh effect is one of the first calculations that explain what one would see when transiting between an inertial reference frame in its quantum field vacuum state and a non-inertial (specifically, uniformly accelerating) reference frame. The inertial reference frame's vacuum state would not correspond to the vacuum state of the non-inertial frame. The observer in the non-inertial frame would see radiation, with a corresponding Bose distribution and a temperature proportional to the acceleration. In this paper, I compute the response of this non-inertial observer to a single frequency mode in the inertial frame and deduce that, indeed, the cumulative distribution (over the observer's proper time) of frequencies observed by the accelerating observer would be the Bose distribution with a temperature proportional to the acceleration. The conclusion is that the Unruh effect (and the related Hawking effect) is generic, in that it would appear with any incoming incoherent state and the Bose distribution is obtained as a consequence of the non-inertial frame's motion, rather than some special property of the quantum vacuum. As a consequence of the analysis of a coherent set of signals, I show how to extract information from the spectrum that an accelerated observer would see (as well as from the radiation from a black hole).
From “Gestural Language” to “Language Gesture”: André Jolles, Aby Warburg, and the Morphology of Mass Media
Authors: Nee David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
André Jolles’s Simple Forms (1929), widely regarded as a classic of genre theory, examines a range of folkloric and nonauthorial forms, such as the fairy tale, the riddle, and the joke, as part of an ambitious attempt to reground literary theory in a “morphological” approach to language inspired, ultimately, by Goethean science. This article argues that Jolles’s study should also be recognized as an important early work of media theory. Simple Forms includes a striking number of examples drawn from the mass-market newspapers of Jolles’s day. In turning to mass media, Jolles followed in the footsteps of the art historian Aby Warburg, whose Mnemosyne Atlas (1924–29) similarly juxtaposed mass-media images from newspapers with works of art from earlier historical periods. The article details how Warburg’s morphological method helped Jolles expand the boundaries of literary study to include mass media by providing him with a morphological version of the motif concept that still has generative applications.
Interpretable Hierarchical Deep Learning Model for Noninvasive Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Zokaeinikoo Maryam , Kazemian Pooyan , Mitra Prasenjit 
Published: November 2023

Alzheimer’s disease is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Alzheimer’s is typically diagnosed through expensive imaging methods, such as positron emission tomography (PET) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as invasive methods, such as cerebrospinal fluid analysis. In this study, we develop an interpretable hierarchical deep learning model to detect the presence of Alzheimer’s disease from transcripts of interviews of individuals who were asked to describe a picture. Our deep recurrent neural network employs a novel three-level hierarchical attention over self-attention (AoS3) mechanism to model the temporal dependencies of longitudinal data. We demonstrate the interpretability of the model with the importance score of words, sentences, and transcripts extracted from our AoS3 model. Numerical results demonstrate that our deep learning model can detect Alzheimer’s disease from the transcripts of patient interviews with 96% accuracy when tested on the DementiaBank data set. Our interpretable neural network model can help diagnose Alzheimer’s disease in a noninvasive and affordable manner, improve patient outcomes, and result in cost containment. History: Rema Padman served as the senior editor for this article. Data Ethics & Reproducibility Note: The code capsule is available on Code Ocean at https://codeocean.com/capsule/2881658/tree/v1 and in the e-Companion to this article (available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijds.2020.0005 ). The study involves secondary use of already-collected data. None of the authors were part of the original study team. The authors had no interaction with living individuals and had no access to protected health information (PHI) or private identifiable information about living individuals.
When Beliefs Influence the Perceived Signal Precision: The Impact of News on Reinforcement-Oriented Agents
Authors: Schraeder Stefanie 
Published: November 2023

In a world of increasingly extensive information, rational investors can make better decisions. However, reinforcement-oriented investors are also more likely to observe preferred signals close to their own perception. A focus on these signals distorts the perceived aggregate signal in the direction of the prior estimate. This reduces belief adaptation. Hence, the empirically well-documented selective exposure/reinforcement theory reduces the positive impact of greater information availability on price efficiency. Additional information can sometimes even decrease perception correctness. In a market with biased investors, managers have an incentive to announce more diffuse (fewer precise) signals in case of negative (positive) information. This results in postearnings-announcement drift and dispersion anomaly. Also, the distribution shape matters for information processing. For unimodal, symmetric distributions, agents’ perceptions converge to the fundamental—even though at a reduced speed. For multimodal signal distributions, the estimate can diverge from the fundamental. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4941 .
Healthcare professionals’ views on the most important outcomes for non-infectious uveitis of the posterior segment: A qualitative study
Authors: Tallouzi Mohammad O. , Moore David J. , Bucknall Nicholas , Murray Philip I. , Calvert Melanie J. , Denniston Alastair K. , Mathers Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Background
Uveitis comprises a range of conditions that result in intraocular inflammation. Most sight-threatening uveitis falls into the broad category known as Non-infectious Posterior Segment-Involving Uveitis (PSIU). To evaluate treatments, trialists and clinicians must select outcome measures. The aim of this study was to understand healthcare professionals’ perspectives on what outcomes are important to adult patients with PSIU and their carers.

Methods
Twelve semi-structured telephone interviews were undertaken to understand the perspectives of healthcare professionals. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. Findings were compared with the views of patients and carers and outcomes abstracted from a previously published systematic review.

Results
Eleven core domains were identified as important to healthcare professionals: (1) visual function, (2) symptoms, (3) functional ability, (4) impact on relationships, (5) financial impact, (6) psychological morbidity and emotional well-being (7) psychosocial adjustment to uveitis, (8) doctor / patient / interprofessional relationships and access to health care, (9) treatment burden, (10) treatment side effects, (11) disease control. Healthcare professionals recognised a similar range of domains to patients and carers but placed more emphasis on certain outcomes, particularly in the disease control domain. In contrast the range of outcomes identified via the systematic review was limited.

Conclusion
Healthcare professionals recognise all of the published outcome domains as patients/carers in the previous publication but with subtly differing emphasis within some domains and with a priority for certain types of measures. Healthcare professionals discussed the disease control and side effects/complications to a greater degree than patients and carers in the focus groups
Proportion of Time Covered by Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance in Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Daher Darine , Seif El Dahan Karim , Yekkaluri Sruthi , Gopal Purva , Rich Nicole E. , Parikh Neehar D. , Murphy Caitlin C. , Singal Amit G. 
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance is associated with improved early tumor detection, but effectiveness is limited by underuse. We characterized adherence to HCC surveillance using proportion of time covered (PTC) and estimated its association with clinical outcomes among patients with cirrhosis.METHODS:We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with HCC between January 2008 and December 2022 at 2 large US health systems. We characterized PTC by imaging in the 12 and 24 months before HCC diagnosis. We used multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses to assess the association between PTC and early HCC detection, receipt of curative treatment, and overall survival.RESULTS:Among 2,027 patients with HCC, 331 (51.4% Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer 0/A) had been followed up for at least 12 months before diagnosis. The median PTC was 24.9% (interquartile range 1.1%–50.7%), with only 16.0% having semiannual imaging and 42.0% having annual surveillance. Semiannual and annual surveillance decreased to 6.3% and 29.6% when assessed over 24 months, although the median PTC remained unchanged at 24.9%. Receipt of gastroenterology/hepatology care had the strongest association with PTC, with median PTC of 36.7% and 3.8% for those with and without gastroenterology/hepatology care, respectively. PTC was independently associated with improved early HCC detection, curative treatment receipt, and overall survival. The median survival was 15.7, 26.8, and 32.7 months among those with PTC of <25% (n = 168 patients), PTC 25%–50% (n = 69 patients), and PTC >50% (n = 94 patients), respectively.DISCUSSION:The proportion of time covered by HCC surveillance in patients with cirrhosis remains low, highlighting a need for multilevel interventions.
Drainage fluid LDH and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as biomarkers for early detecting anastomotic leakage in patients undergoing colorectal surgery
Authors: Agnello Luisa , Buscemi Salvatore , Di Buono Giuseppe , Vidali Matteo , Lo Sasso Bruna , Agrusa Antonino , Ciaccio Marcello 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
In this study, we investigated the role of several circulating and drainage fluid biomarkers for detecting postoperative complications (PCs) and anastomotic leakage (AL) in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.

Methods
All consecutive patients undergoing colorectal surgery between June 2018 and April 2020 were prospectively considered. On postoperative days (POD) 1, 3, and 5, we measured lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in drainage fluid, C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum and drainage fluid, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR).

Results
We enrolled 187 patients. POD1 patients with AL had higher serum CRP levels, while on POD3 and on POD5 higher NLR and serum CRP. LDH and CRP in drainage fluid were also significantly higher at both time points. The area under the curves (AUCs) of serum and drainage fluid CRP were 0.752 (0.629–0.875) and 0.752 (0.565–0.939), respectively. The best cut-off for serum and drainage fluid CRP was 185.23 and 76 mg/dL, respectively. The AUC of NLR on POD3 was 0.762 (0.662–0.882) with a sensitivity and specificity of 84 and 63 %, respectively, at a cut-off of 6,6. Finally, drainage fluid LDH showed the best diagnostic performance for AL, with an AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.921 (0.849–0.993), 82 %, and 90 % at a cut-off of 2,186 U/L. Trends in serum parameters between patients with or without PCs or AL were also evaluated. Interestingly, we found that NLR decreased faster in patients without PCs than in patients with PCs and patients with AL.

Conclusions
Drainage fluid LDH and NLR could be promising biomarkers of PCs and AL.
Protective properties of AgNPs green-synthesized by Abelmoschus esculentus on retinal damage on the virtue of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in diabetic rat
Authors: Tang Fang , Mahdavi Behnam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Eye retinopathy means damage to the retina of the eye, which can have various causes, both congenital and acquired. Diabetes is one of the important causes of eye retinopathy. Retinopathy can develop slowly or quickly, get better on its own, or lead to permanent damage. No treatment is recommended in the early and mild stages. However, close monitoring is essential. Severe form of the disease may require treatment. Recently, the researchers have focused on new options for the treatment of the retinal damages. Present investigation discloses the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesizing capability of the leaves of pharmacologically important Abelmoschus esculentus. Rapid, cost-effective, one-step process of formulation has been achieved. New genre AgNPs were characterized by involving ultraviolet- visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. Effect of AgNPs@Abelmoschus esculentus was assessed on the retinal injury of diabetic rats in this study. After inducing the diabetes by STZ, all rats were separated in to seven different groups (n = 20) including control, diabetic retinopathy group receiving saline solution, and AgNPs@Abelmoschus esculentus treated group receiving AgNPs@Abelmoschus esculentus (20, 40, and 80 µg/kg) for a duration of 8 weeks. After completion of the treatment protocol, the body weight and blood glucose were determined. Leukocytosis, retinal vascular permeability, fundus photography, and retinal vessel diameter, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), and concentrations of IL10, NF-κB, and TNFα in the retina were assessed. AgNPs@Abelmoschus esculentus in all doses reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.01) the weight, glucose, NF-κB, and TNFα concentrations, retinal leukocytosis, and vascular permeability and increased the concentrations of SOD, CAT, GSH, and IL10. Thus, the present research concludes that AgNPs@Abelmoschus esculentus effectively manages the diabetic retinopathy at the best.
Lewis acids as co-catalysts in Pd-based catalyzed systems of the octene-1 hydroethoxycarbonylation reaction
Authors: Shalmagambetov Kairzhan , Vavasori Andrea , Zhaksylykova Gulbanu , Kanapiyeva Fatima , Zykay Meruyert , Kudaibergenov Nurbolat 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this work, in order to develop new, efficient, and environmentally friendly methods for the preparation of practically valuable esters of carboxylic acids, the hydroalkoxycarbonylation reaction of octene-1 with various alcohols in the presence of metal–complex catalysts based on palladium phosphine complexes has been studied. Three-component systems based on PdCl2(PPh3)2 containing different ligands as stabilizers and Lewis acids as promoters were studied as catalysts. It is shown that the three-component system PdCl2(PPh3)2–PPh3–AlCl3 has the highest catalytic activity in the reactions studied. It was found that the reaction of hydroalkoxycarbonylation of octene-1 proceeds with the formation of a mixture of linear (ethyl ester of pelargonic acid) and branched (ethyl ester of 2-methylcaprylic acid) products. The influence of the ratio of initial reagents (different olefins and alcohols) and components of catalytic systems (different Pd complexes, ligands, and promoters) on the course of the process has been investigated, in which the conversion of octene-1 reached 88.5%. The optimal parameters of the reactions studied were determined.