bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative interview study on colorectal cancer screening in China
Authors: Wu Weimiao , Tan Songsong , Huang Junjie , Chen Yingyao , Wong Martin C. S. , Xu Wanghong 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundThe effectiveness of triage screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) is not fully achieved in Chinese populations, mainly due to low compliance to colonoscopy follow-up. This study aimed to collect viewpoints of experts in China on ongoing screening programs and emerging screening tests for CRC, which may help to improve effectiveness of CRC screening in the country.MethodsWe conducted 15 semi-structured interviews with experts involving CRC screening in China during October to November of 2020. Interview topics included personal characteristics, work context, opinions on ongoing screening programs, challenges and opportunities in optimization of screening strategies, and prospects for CRC screening in near future. To analyze the data, we used a generic qualitative research approach inspired by grounded theory, including open, axial, and selective coding.ResultsThis analysis revealed a total of 83 initial categories, 37 subcategories and 10 main categories, which included 4 core categories of current modality for CRC screening, factors influencing screening effectiveness, optimization of CRC screening modality, and prospects for development of CRC screening. The results provide insight into the factors underlying the challenges of the ongoing CRC screening programs in China: the most important concern is the low compliance to colonoscopy, followed by the low specificity of the currently-used initial tests. The experts proposed to use quantitative instead of qualitative fecal immunochemical test (FIT), and optimize risk assessment tools to improve specificity of initial tests. Regarding the emerging screening tests, 9 of 15 experts did not think that the novel techniques are good enough to replace the current tests, but can be used complementarily in opportunistic screening for CRC.ConclusionThe viewpoints of Chinese experts suggested that use quantitative FIT or optimize risk assessment tools may help to identify high-risk individuals of CRC more accurately, improve adherence to colonoscopy, and thus fully achieve the effectiveness of screening.
Insight into the soil bacterial community succession of Nicotiana benthamiana in response to Tobacco mosaic virus
Authors: Zhao Yuqiang , Liu Tianbo , Wu Shaolong , Zhang Deyong , Xiao Zhipeng , Ren Zuohua , Li Lingling , Liu Suoni , Xiao Yunhua , Tang Qianjun 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundTobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is one famous plant virus responsible for substantial economic losses worldwide. However, the roles of bacterial communities in response to TMV in the tobacco rhizosphere remain unclear.MethodsWe explored the soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community succession of the healthy (YTH) and diseased (YTD) plants with TMV infection by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.ResultsWe found that soil pH in the YTD group was significantly lower than in the YTH group, and the soil available nutrients were substantially higher. The bacterial community analysis found that the diversity and structure significantly differed post-TMV disease onset. With TMV inoculated, the alpha diversity of the bacterial community in the YTD was markedly higher than that in the YTH group at the early stage. However, the alpha diversity in the YTD group subsequently decreased to lower than in the YTH group. The early bacterial structure of healthy plants exhibited higher susceptibility to TMV infection, whereas, in the subsequent stages, there was an enrichment of beneficial bacterial (e.g., Ramlibacter, Sphingomonas, Streptomyces, and Niastella) and enhanced energy metabolism and nucleotide metabolism in bacteria.ConclusionThe initial soil bacterial community exhibited susceptibility to TMV infection, which might contribute to strengthening resistance of Tobacco to TMV.
Distribution of the C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion in healthy subjects: a multicenter study promoted by the Italian IRCCS network of neuroscience and neurorehabilitation
Authors: Giardina Emiliano , Mandich Paola , Ghidoni Roberta , Ticozzi Nicola , Rossi Giacomina , Fenoglio Chiara , Tiziano Francesco Danilo , Esposito Federica , Capellari Sabina , Nacmias Benedetta , Mineri Rossana , Campopiano Rosa , Di Pilla Luana , Sammarone Federica , Zampatti Stefania , Peconi Cristina , De Angelis Flavio , Palmieri Ilaria , Galandra Caterina , Nicodemo Eleonora , Origone Paola , Gotta Fabio , Ponti Clarissa , Nicsanu Roland , Benussi Luisa , Peverelli Silvia , Ratti Antonia , Ricci Martina , Di Fede Giuseppe , Magri Stefania , Serpente Maria , Lattante Serena , Domi Teuta , Carrera Paola , Saltimbanco Elisa , Bagnoli Silvia , Ingannato Assunta , Albanese Alberto , Tagliavini Fabrizio , Lodi Raffaele , Caltagirone Carlo , Gambardella Stefano , Valente Enza Maria , Silani Vincenzo 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionHigh repeat expansion (HRE) alleles in C9orf72 have been linked to both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD); ranges for intermediate allelic expansions have not been defined yet, and clinical interpretation of molecular data lacks a defined genotype–phenotype association. In this study, we provide results from a large multicenter epidemiological study reporting the distribution of C9orf72 repeats in healthy elderly from the Italian population.MethodsA total of 967 samples were collected from neurologically evaluated healthy individuals over 70 years of age in the 13 institutes participating in the RIN (IRCCS Network of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation) based in Italy. All samples were genotyped using the AmplideXPCR/CE C9orf72 Kit (Asuragen, Inc.), using standardized protocols that have been validated through blind proficiency testing.ResultsAll samples carried hexanucleotide G4C2 expansion alleles in the normal range. All samples were characterized by alleles with less than 25 repeats. In particular, 93.7% of samples showed a number of repeats ≤10, 99.9% ≤20 repeats, and 100% ≤25 repeats.ConclusionThis study describes the distribution of hexanucleotide G4C2 expansion alleles in an Italian healthy population, providing a definition of alleles associated with the neurological healthy phenotype. Moreover, this study provides an effective model of federation between institutes, highlighting the importance of sharing genomic data and standardizing analysis techniques, promoting translational research. Data derived from the study may improve genetic counseling and future studies on ALS/FTD.
Immediate and sustained terminal complement inhibition with ravulizumab in patients with anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Ortiz Stephan , Pittock Sean J. , Berthele Achim , Levy Michael , Nakashima Ichiro , Oreja-Guevara Celia , Allen Kerstin , Mashhoon Yasmin , Parks Becky , Kim Ho Jin 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the long-acting terminal complement 5 (C5) inhibitor ravulizumab in adults with anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-positive (AQP4+) neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in the phase 3, open-label CHAMPION-NMOSD trial (NCT04201262).MethodsPatients aged 18 years or older received a weight-based intravenous loading dose of ravulizumab (2,400–3,000 mg) on day 1, followed by weight-based maintenance doses (3,000–3,600 mg) on day 15 and once every 8 weeks thereafter. Pharmacokinetic assessments were maximum observed concentration (Cmax, assessed at the end of the infusion) and concentration at the end of the dosing interval (Ctrough, assessed before dosing) for ravulizumab. Pharmacodynamic assessment was time-matched observed free C5 concentration in serum up to 50 weeks.ResultsThe pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis included 58 patients treated with ravulizumab. Serum ravulizumab concentrations at or above the therapeutic threshold (175 μg/mL) were achieved in all patients after administration of the first dose and maintained for 50 weeks. At week 50, the mean (standard deviation) Cmax (n = 51) and Ctrough (n = 52) were 1,887.6 (411.38) and 764.4 (217.68) μg/mL, respectively. Immediate and complete terminal complement inhibition (free C5 serum concentrations &lt; 0.5 μg/mL) was achieved by the end of the first ravulizumab infusion and sustained throughout the treatment period. No treatment-emergent antibodies to ravulizumab were observed. No impact on ravulizumab pharmacokinetics was seen for age, sex, race, hematocrit, hemoglobin, markers of renal and liver impairment, or medications commonly used by patients with NMOSD. Body weight and BMI were significant covariates of ravulizumab pharmacokinetics.ConclusionsSerum ravulizumab concentrations were maintained above the therapeutic threshold in all patients through 50 weeks of treatment. Ravulizumab achieved immediate and complete terminal complement inhibition that was sustained throughout the treatment period in adults with AQP4+ NMOSD.
Household food insecurity is negatively associated with achievement of prenatal intentions to feed only breast milk in the first six months postpartum
Authors: Francis Jane , Mildon Alison , Tarasuk Valerie , Frank Lesley 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundHousehold food insecurity (HFI) has been associated with suboptimal breastfeeding practices. Postpartum factors reported by caregivers include stressful life circumstances and maternal diet quality concerns. It is unknown whether prenatal breast milk feeding intentions, a well-established predictor of breastfeeding outcomes, differ by HFI status. We explored associations between HFI and prenatal intentions to feed any and only breast milk in the first 6 months postpartum, and achievement of these intentions.MethodsWe utilized data from self-identified biological mothers with children 6–12 months of age who responded to a retrospective, cross-sectional online infant feeding survey conducted in Nova Scotia, Canada. HFI (yes/no) was assessed using the Household Food Security Survey Module. Prenatal intentions to feed any and only breast milk were assessed based on responses to five options for infant milk feeding plans. Achievement of intentions was assessed by breast milk and formula feeding practices in the first 6 months. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted, adjusting for maternal socio-demographics.ResultsAmong 459 respondents, 28% reported HFI; 88% intended to feed any breast milk and 77% intended to feed only breast milk, with no difference by HFI status. Of those intending to feed any breast milk, 99% succeeded, precluding further analysis. Among mothers who intended to provide only breast milk, only 51% achieved their intention, with lower odds among those with HFI (aOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.29–0.98).ConclusionHFI was not associated with intentions for feeding breast milk in the first 6 months postpartum, but mothers with HFI were less likely to achieve their intention to provide only breast milk. Further research is needed to understand the underlying reasons for this and to guide intervention designs to address HFI and help mothers reach their breastfeeding goals.
Complete remission of gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma with liver metastasis by tislelizumab plus chemotherapy: a case report
Authors: Li Huafei , Qiao Jiaming , Kou Xiaoxia , Wu Cong , Liu Huiying , Qiu Jinrong 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundGallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma (GB-NEC) is an extremely rare cancer with a poor prognosis in the clinic. Although surgical resection remains the primary and preferred therapeutics, many patients are in a late stage and lose the opportunity for surgery. However, due to the extremely low morbidity, the specific treatment guidelines for GB-NEC have not been established.Case presentationA 52-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with the chief complaint of “almost 1 month after palliative surgery for metastatic gallbladder carcinoma.” According to the results of pathological findings and imaging manifestations, the patient was diagnosed with GB-NEC with a clinical stage of pT3N1M1 (IVB). The patient then received tislelizumab plus EP chemotherapy (etoposide 100 mg + cisplatin 30 mg, d1–3) every 3 weeks for 8 cycles from 12 November, 2021, followed by maintenance therapy (tislelizumab alone) every 3 weeks until now. The tumor response was evaluated as complete remission since 13 February, 2023. As of the last follow-up, the patient remains alive, with no complaints of discomfort.ConclusionsGallbladder NEC has no specific symptoms, and the diagnosis is based on pathological and immunohistochemical results. The therapeutic course and efficacy of the case in this study indicates that the application of PD-1 inhibitor might be a feasible therapeutic option for GB-NEC. However, this potential strategy needs validation by further clinical studies in the future.
Risk factors of necrotizing enterocolitis among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at the selected public hospitals in southern Ethiopia, 2023
Authors: Abebe Mesfin , Ayehu Mequanint , Tebeje Tsion Mulat , Melaku Getnet 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious intestinal condition characterized by ischemic necrosis of the intestinal mucosa, inflammation, and invasion by gas-forming organisms, posing a significant threat to neonatal health. Necrotizing enterocolitis remains a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Due to limited research conducted in Ethiopia and the study area, there is a lack of information regarding the risk factors associated with necrotizing enterocolitis. Therefore, the goal of this study is to fill the aforementioned gap.ObjectiveThis study aims to identify the risk factors of necrotizing enterocolitis among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at selected general and referral hospitals in southern Ethiopia in the year 2023.Methods and materialsA facility-based unmatched case–control study was conducted. All neonates admitted to the NICU and diagnosed with necrotizing enterocolitis by the attending physician during the data collection period were considered as cases, whereas neonates admitted to the NICU but not diagnosed with necrotizing enterocolitis during the data collection period were considered as controls. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and record reviews using the Kobo toolbox platform. The binary logistic regression method was used to determine the relationship between a dependent variable and independent variables. Finally, a p-value of &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThis study included 111 cases and 332 controls. Normal BMI [AOR = 0.11, 95% CI: (0.02, 0.58)], history of khat chewing [AOR = 4.21, 95% CI: (1.96, 9.06)], term gestation [AOR = 0.06, 95% CI: (0.01, 0.18)], history of cigarette smoking [AOR = 2.86, 95% CI: (1.14, 7.14)], length of hospital stay [AOR = 3.3, 95% CI: (1.43, 7.67)], and premature rupture of membrane [AOR = 3.51, 95% CI: (1.77, 6.98)] were significantly associated with NEC.ConclusionThe study identified several risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis, including body mass index, history of khat chewing, gestational age, history of cigarette smoking, length of hospital stays, and premature rupture of membrane. Therefore, healthcare providers should be aware of these risk factors to identify newborns at high risk and implement preventive measures.
Outcomes of patients supported by mechanical ventilation and their families two months after discharge from pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: MacDonald Simon , Du Pont-Thibodeau Geneviève , Thibault Celine , Jutras Camille , Roumeliotis Nadia , Farrell Catherine , Ducharme-Crevier Laurence 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionThe outcomes of children undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV) in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) remain poorly characterized and increasing knowledge in this area may lead to strategies that improve care. In this study, we reported the outcomes of children receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and/or non-invasive ventilation (NIV), 2 months after PICU discharge.MethodsThis is a post-hoc analysis of a single-center prospective study of PICU children followed at the PICU follow-up clinic at CHU Sainte-Justine. Eligible children were admitted to the PICU with ≥2 days of IMV or ≥4 days of NIV. Two months after PICU discharge, patients and families were evaluated by physicians and filled out questionnaires assessing Quality of life (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™), development milestones (Ages and Stages Questionnaire), and parental anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale).ResultsOne hundred and fifty patients were included from October 2018 to December 2021; 106 patients received IMV (±NIV), and 44 patients received NIV exclusively. Admission diagnoses differed between groups, with 30.2% of patients in the IMV group admitted for a respiratory illness vs. 79.5% in the NIV group. For the entire cohort, QoL scores were 78.1% for the physical domain and 80.1% for the psychological domain, and were similar between groups. Children with a respiratory illness exhibited similar symptoms at follow-up whether they were supported by IMV vs. NIV. For developmental outcomes, only 22.2% of pre-school children had normal scores in all ASQ domains. In the entire cohort, symptoms of anxiety were reported in 29.9% and depression in 24.6 of patients%ConclusionsPICU survivors undergoing mechanical ventilation, and their families, experienced significant morbidities 2 months after their critical illness, whether they received IMV or NIV. Children with respiratory illness exhibited a higher prevalence of persistent respiratory difficulties post PICU, whether they underwent IMV or NIV. Patients’ quality of life and parental symptoms of anxiety and depression did not differ according to the type of respiratory support. These findings justify the inclusion of patients receiving NIV in the PICU in follow-up assessments as well as those receiving IMV.
Effects of low-volume functional and running high-intensity interval training on physical fitness in young adults with overweight/obesity
Authors: Cao Meng , Yang Baiquan , Tang Yucheng , Wang Chun , Yin Lijun 
Published: January 2024

Objectives: This study examined and compared the effects of functional and running high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscular fitness of young adults with overweight or obesity.Methods: Forty-five participants (22.1 ± 2.1 years, BMI = 25.2 ± 1.0 kg/m2) were assigned to functional HIIT (HIIT-F; n = 15), running HIIT (HIIT-R; n = 15), or non-training control group (CON; n = 15). Participants in HIIT-F and HIIT-R performed functional exercise based-HIIT (four sets of all-out whole-body exercises including jumping jacks, squats, twist jumps and mountain climbers, et al.) and running HIIT (four sets of running on a treadmill) for 12 weeks, respectively. Body composition, muscular fitness, and cardiorespiratory fitness were assessed pre and post intervention.Results: Both HIIT-F and HIIT-R significantly improved the body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness, with HIIT-F induced greater improvements in lean mass (+1.623 vs. −1.034 kg, p &lt; 0.001), back strength (+6.007 vs. +3.333 kg, p &lt; 0.01), and push-ups (+5.692 vs. 1.923 reps, p &lt; 0.001) than that in HIIT-R. HIIT-R reduced more visceral fat area (VFA) (−11.416 vs. −4.338 cm2, p = 0.052) and induced similar improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max, +2.192 vs. +2.885 mL/kg/min, p = 0.792) with HIIT-F.Conclusion: Twelve weeks of HIIT-R or HIIT-F improved physical fitness among young adults with overweight or obesity. Despite the similar impact on cardiorespiratory fitness, HIIT-F generates a better positive effect on muscular fitness relative to HIIT-R, which could be partly explained by the greater increase in lean mass after HIIT-F intervention.
Increased risk of acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: a nation-wide cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Li Sung-Tao , Chien Wu-Chien , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Tzeng Nian-Sheng 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionChildren and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be particularly vulnerable to the impact of traumatic events, yet the association between ASD and the risk of developing acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate this association, addressing the gap in large-scale evidence on the subject.MethodsConducted as a retrospective and matched cohort study, data was sourced from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan, spanning from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2015. The study included patients aged 18 years or under newly diagnosed with ASD (n=15,200) and compared them with a matched control group (n=45,600). The Cox proportional regression model was employed to assess the risk of acute stress disorder and PTSD.ResultsOver the 15-year follow-up period, a total of 132 participants developed either acute stress disorder or PTSD. Among them, 105 cases (0.691% or 64.90 per 100,000 person-years) were in the ASD group, while 27 cases (0.059% or 5.38 per 100,000 person-years) were in the control group. The adjusted hazard ratio for the ASD group was significantly higher compared to the control group (25.661 with 95% CI = 15.913-41.232; P &lt; .001).DiscussionThis study provides compelling evidence that individuals with ASD face an elevated risk of developing acute stress disorder and PTSD. The findings underscore the importance of clinicians recognizing and addressing this vulnerability in ASD individuals exposed to traumatic events. This emphasizes the need for heightened attention to the risk of PTSD and acute stress disorder in the ASD population.
Ciudadanía digital en estudiantes: revisión sistemática
Authors: Soria-Pérez Yolanda Felicitas , Sebastiani-Elías Yvonne de Fátima , Lujano-Ortega Yolanda , Díaz-Mujica Juana Yris 
Published: January 2024

La finalidad de este artículo fue identificar las estrategias de abordaje para la formación en ciudadanía digital en estudiantes universitarios y de escuelas. Fue desarrollado como una revisión sistemática de la literatura actual en las bases de datos Scopus y Scielo. Los criterios de inclusión fueron publicaciones empíricas en estudiantes universitarios y escolares, con datos cuantitativos, cualitativos o mixtos de acceso abierto entre el periodo 2017-2022. Una primera búsqueda bajo la metodología Prisma reportó un total de 367 documentos, delimitando para el análisis final a 29 documentos. Los hallazgos constatan la efectividad de la Educación Ciudadana Mundial (ECM), herramientas en línea y pedagógicas en la Ciudadanía Digital (CD). Las dimensiones abarcan aspectos cognitivos, sociales, tecnológicos, éticos y personales. Práctica de netiqueta en redes sociales, aprendizaje y entorno familiar contribuye positivamente, mientras que el género y personales pueden ser factores negativos.