bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kemahiran Menulis dalam Buku Ajar Bahasa Arab 2 Kelas 8 Madrasyah Tsanawiyah Kurikulum KMA 183 Berdasarkan Perspektif ACTFL
Authors: Mustaghfirin  , Hikmah  
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini membahas Analisis Kemahiran Menulis Dalam Buku Ajar Bahasa Arab 2 Kelas 8 Madrasyah Tsanawiyah Kurikulum KMA 183 Berdasarkan Perspektif ACTFL Analisa ini nantinya akan memberikan sebuah kesimpulan bahwasannya kompetensi menulis kebahasaaraban buku ajar tersebut menunjukan keseseuaian tingkat dalam standar kompetensi yang ada dalam ACTFL. Setiap keterampilan, pedoman ACTFL ini mengidentifikasi lima tingkat utama kemahiran: Istimewa (Distinguished), Unggul (Superior), Mahir (Advanced), Madya (Intermediate), dan Pemula (Novice). Selanjutnya mulai tingkat Mahir (Advanced), Madya (Intermediate), dan Pemula (Novice). ini masing-masing dibagi lagi menjadi sublevel Tinggi (High), Menengah (Mid), dan Rendah (Low). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisi konten atau isi. Analisis konten merupakan teknik yang berorientasi kualitatif, ukuran kebakuan diterapkan pada satuan-satuan tertentu biasanya dipakai untuk menentukan karakter dokumen-dokumen atau membandingkannya. Data yang didapat akan dianalisa penulis dengan melihat peta konsep dan tujuan pembelajaran buku ajar tersebut. Tujuan utama penulisan penelitian ini adalah melengkapi penelitian yang sudah ada terkait Analisa Analisis Kemahiran Menulis Dalam Buku Ajar Bahasa Arab 2 Kelas 8 Madrasyah Tsanawiyah Kurikulum KMA 183 Berdasarkan Perspektif ACTFL, khususnya dalam menganalisa kemahiran menulis.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini membahas Analisis Kemahiran Menulis Dalam Buku Ajar Bahasa Arab 2 Kelas 8 Madrasyah Tsanawiyah Kurikulum KMA 183 Berdasarkan Perspektif ACTFL Analisa ini nantinya akan memberikan sebuah kesimpulan bahwasannya kompetensi menulis kebahasaaraban buku ajar tersebut menunjukan keseseuaian tingkat dalam standar kompetensi yang ada dalam ACTFL. Setiap keterampilan, pedoman ACTFL ini mengidentifikasi lima tingkat utama kemahiran: Istimewa (Distinguished), Unggul (Superior), Mahir (Advanced), Madya (Intermediate), dan Pemula (Novice). Selanjutnya mulai tingkat Mahir (Advanced), Madya (Intermediate), dan Pemula (Novice). ini masing-masing dibagi lagi menjadi sublevel Tinggi (High), Menengah (Mid), dan Rendah (Low). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisi konten atau isi. Analisis konten merupakan teknik yang berorientasi kualitatif, ukuran kebakuan diterapkan pada satuan-satuan tertentu biasanya dipakai untuk menentukan karakter dokumen-dokumen atau membandingkannya. Data yang didapat akan dianalisa penulis dengan melihat peta konsep dan tujuan pembelajaran buku ajar tersebut. Tujuan utama penulisan penelitian ini adalah melengkapi penelitian yang sudah ada terkait Analisa Analisis Kemahiran Menulis Dalam Buku Ajar Bahasa Arab 2 Kelas 8 Madrasyah Tsanawiyah Kurikulum KMA 183 Berdasarkan Perspektif ACTFL, khususnya dalam menganalisa kemahiran menulis.
EDUKASI PENGETAHUAN HIPERTENSI PADA MASYARAKAT PRINGGOLAYAN BANGUNTAPAN BANTUL YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Kodriati Nurul , Ningsih Yesika Adi , Wuryandani Riska Kirana , Arum Amanda Sekar , Purnama Rina , Fitria Nafila Desca , Addabani Azra Zein 
Published: January 2024

Hipertensi adalah salah satu isu kesehatan masyarakat terbesar didunia yang biasa disebut silent killer. Prevalensi hipertensi di Indonesia berdasarkan diagnosis dokter pada penduduk umur ≥ 18 tahun berkisar antara 8,4 %. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini untuk memberikan pengetahuan terkait hipertensi. Kegiatan ini menggunakan metode community diagnosis, dimana peneliti melakukan observasi, pengumpulan data primer, dan data sekunder untuk mengetahui langsung masalah kesehatan utama yang terjadi di RT 06 Dusun Pringgolayan,sehingga dapat memberikan intervensi. Kegiatan intervensi dilakukan berupa penyuluhan selama satu jam terkait definisi, tanda dan gejala, faktor risiko dapat diubah dan tidak dapat diubah, komplikasi, penyebab, dan pengendalian hipertensi kepada 30 masyarakat RT 06 Dusun Pringgolayan yang merupakan kelompok lansia (lanjut usia) dan kelompok pasangan usia subur (PUS). Keefektifan penyuluhan diukur dengan menggunakan kuesioner pre-test dan post-test berupa sepuluh pertanyaan pilihan ganda. Hasil Uji Wilcoxon Sign-Rank menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan penyuluhan pada kategori penyebab dan pengendalian yang signifikan. Kegiatan monitoring secara berkala perlu dilakukan untuk memastikan masyarakat rutin melakukan pengecekan tekanan darah, khususnya bagi penderita hipertensi di RT 06 Dusun Pringgolayan.
MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN KOMPONEN BIOMOTORIK PADA REMAJA DI WILAYAH PERKOTAAN
Authors: Topo Suhartoyo , Kusuma Moh. Nanang Himawan , Widanita Neva , Anggraeni Dewi 
Published: January 2024

Kondisi psikologis individu yang didalamnya terkandung unsur mental, motivasi, emosi, stres dan ketertarikan. Komponen biomotorik mencakup kecepatan, fleksibiltas, kelincahan, kekuatan, koordinasi dan daya tahan. Unsur-unsur tersebut merupakan satu kesatuan yang utuh dan saling membangun kualitas dan kuantitas fisik. Daya tahan menjadi salah satu komponen yang perlu diperhatian dalam mempertahankan kondisi fisik sesorang guna menjaga dan membangun kemampuan cardiovascular. Fase remaja memiliki indicator fisik yang mengalami perubahan yang cepat, fluktiatif dan perlu mendapatkan perhatian serta bimbingan. Wilayah perkotaan sangat erat dengan kemajuan teknologi yang cepat, mudah, menarik dan murah. Penggunaan gawai untuk operasional games online dan sosial media yang berlebihan akan menimbulkan efek negative. Misalnya meningkatnya obesitas, hypokinetic dan homestatis yang secara pelahan menghambat pertumbuhan fisik. Tujuan kegiatan mengukur komponen biomotorik pada remaja di wilayah perkotaan. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan mencakup pelatihan fisik terprogram, kuisioner dan pengukuran komponen biomotorik. Hasil kuisioner dan tes pengukuran menunjukan terjadi peningkatan motivasi atau ketertarikan untuk beraktivitas fisik secara teratur. Tingkat motivasi aktivitas fisik pada fase remaja di wilayah perkotaan mengalami peningkatan secara signifikan dan Latihan fisik dilakukan 3 kali dalam satu minggu dengan durasi waktu 60 menit. Kesimpulan latihan fisik terprogram dengan durasi 60 menit mampu meningkatkan indeks daya tahan pada remaja di wilayah perkotaan.
Species Composition and Structure of Secondary Forest at Nunuka, North Bolaang Mongondow
Authors: Nurlita Nurlita Indah Wahyuni , Yermias Yermias Kafiar 
Published: January 2024

Secondary forest of Indonesia covered about 24.2 % of total land area and dominated by post logging forest. The discourse to manage all forest area into Forest Management Unit (FMU) as the smallest management unit has been established, including post logging secondary forest. Therefore, understanding the diversity of secondary forest vegetation will help to decide its future management. This research aims to analyze composition, diversity and structure of post logging secondary forest at Nunuka, North Bolaang Mongondow of North Sulawesi. In order to accomplish the proposed objectives 30 plots of 20 m x 20 m were established in research area where number and name of tree species were identified and counted. The research was conducted on November 2014. The result recorded 84 tree species in research area. Anthocephalus macrophyllus dominated tree phase, whereas Eugenia sp. dominated both of poles and sapling. Shannon-Wiener index indicated low and medium diversity, whereas species abundance of tree, ploes and sapling were almost spread evenly. Vegetation density over all vegetation phases was 485.83 tree/ha, the average basal area of the forest was 35.15 m2/ha and the size class distribution did not resembled a reserved J-shaped pattern as found in primary forest. However J-shaped pattern showed in graphs of ten dominant species in both of tree and sapling level.
La compréhensibilité en français Lx : effort et contribution des locuteurs L1
Authors: Borgia Kathleen 
Published: January 2024

Des études sur la compréhensibilité (p. ex., Isaacs et Trofimovich, 2012 ; Saito et coll., 2016) montrent que les principaux critères linguistiques déterminants de l’effort déployé par un locuteur de langue maternelle (L1) pour comprendre un locuteur de langue seconde (Lx) sont la grammaire, le vocabulaire, la phonologie et l’aisance. Ces constats ont été établis sur la base d’évaluations d’échantillons de parole produite en anglais L2 et, le plus souvent, évalués par des juges experts. La présente étude pilote vise donc à vérifier si les mêmes tendances s’observent en français Lx, sur la base d’évaluations de juges lambda. Dans une tâche de rappel stimulé à l’oral, 6 locuteurs du français L1 ont commenté la compréhensibilité de 4 échantillons de parole de 20 secondes produits par des locuteurs de français Lx. Leurs commentaires ont été transcrits, puis analysés. Les éléments associés à un effort cognitif lors de l’écoute ont été codés en fonction des catégories établies par Isaacs et Trofimovich (2012). Les résultats révèlent que les juges lambda ont relevé une grande variété d’éléments linguistiques à la base de leurs jugements, mais que l’aisance et la prononciation sont les deux grands facteurs ayant le plus nui à leur compréhensibilité.
Mineral Profiling and Antimicrobial Effects of the West Indian Cherry (Malpighia emarginata DC.) Fruit Extracts Against Selected Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: October Shaquana , Ansari Abdullah , Jaikishun Sirpaul , Gupta Ramwant 
Published: January 2024

Bioactive compounds are found throughout the cherry fruit and these compounds give the fruits their antimicrobial properties. The objective of this study was to determine the mineral profile of M. emarginata for four maturity stages. The mineral potassium (K), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg) content was evaluated by spectrophotometry. The highest amount of K was found in the half-green (HG) stage and the lowest in the full-ripe (FR). The highest concertation of P and Mg was found in the full-green (FG) stage and the lowest in the full-ripe. For P, there was an increase from the FG to the HG maturity stage, then the concentration declined until maturity, as it related to the concentration of Mg and K, there was a decline in the concentration as the fruit progressed maturity. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of the fruit extract was conducted on E. coli and S. aureus using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method at different concentrations of plant extracts. The ethanolic extracts (EE) (zone of inhibition 13.4 ± 1.9 to 21.8 ± 0.6) showed more antimicrobial activity than the aqueous extract (AE) with zones of inhibition diameters (mm) which ranged from 0 ± 0 to 18.2 ± 0.8. Both AE and EE were effective against S. aureus bacteria strain except the AE (crude) which had no zone of inhibition. All tested microorganisms were susceptible to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. This study suggests that other types of solvents were used to investigate the antibacterial activities of the M. emarginata extract on a wider array of bacteria as the fruit demonstrated antimicrobial properties.
Predation risk is associated with the geographic variation of a sexually selected trait in a viviparous fish (Xenotoca variata)
Authors: Moyaho Alejandro , Garcia Constantino Macías , Manjarrez Javier 
Published: February 2004

AbstractMale secondary sexual traits may increase the risk of predation because mating signals make them conspicuous to predators and hamper evasive manoeuvres. Males of Xenotoca variata, a viviparous freshwater fish, show on their flanks bright and colourful spots (speckles), the number of which varies geographically. In this study, the association of this variation with the presence of the piscivorous snake Thamnophis melanogaster, which co‐occurs with X. variata, was investigated. A test was also done to establish whether the snake distinguishes between male fish with contrasting numbers of speckles and if the perception of speckles is influenced by water turbidity. The amount of speckling and the prevalence of snakes in key localities was assessed by using one‐way mirrors, and the effect of speckles on the predatory responsiveness of snakes was evaluated by presenting them with pairs of male fish in clear and in turbid water. In localities where snakes were infrequent there was a tendency for male fish to have many speckles. The snakes preferentially approached the males with more speckles than the males with fewer speckles. The direction of the preference did not change with the conditions of the water, but the magnitude was stronger in clear water than in turbid water. The snakes also approached first the males with more speckles. These findings indicate that predation risk by T. melanogaster may select against speckles and produce population differentiation.
Activity patterns of the common dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) in different Mediterranean ecosystems
Authors: Panchetti Fabiana , Amori Giovanni , Carpaneto Giuseppe M. , Sorace Alberto 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe seasonal activity of the common dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius was studied in three different habitat types of central Italy: a deciduous beech wood dominated by Fagus sylvatica (Cimini Mountains), and a deciduous oak woodland with Quercus cerris and Q. pubescens and an evergreen wood dominated by holm oak Q. ilex, both along the central Tyrrhenic coast. In each site, 50 nest‐boxes were fixed to trees and were monitored monthly for 2 years (May 1998–April 2000). In the beech wood site, the species showed an annual biological cycle similar to that described for populations of central and northern Europe: dormancy in winter, from the first 10 days of November to the end of December; end of hibernation in the first half of April; reproduction between May and July. On the contrary, in the two coastal sites, nest‐boxes were occupied from October to June, and the breeding period was in autumn, showing that a winter dormancy phase is absent, probably owing to the mild winter. On the other hand, no dormice or new nests were observed in nest‐boxes in summer suggesting that a dormancy phase occurred in summer, probably owing to dry climatic conditions. Two patterns of biological cycle therefore emerged from the results: a temperate pattern in beech forest with winter dormancy and spring reproduction, and a Mediterranean pattern in coastal habitats with autumnal reproduction, winter activity and summer dormancy.
Ease and effectiveness of costly autotomy vary with predation intensity among lizard populations
Authors: Cooper William E. , Pérez‐Mellado Valentín , Vitt Laurie J. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractCostly anti‐predatory defences are used in ecological time and maintained in evolutionary time by natural selection favouring individuals that survive through their use. Autotomy of expendable body parts is a striking example of a defence having multiple substantial costs, including loss of ability to use the same defence, loss of energy, and decreased growth, reproductive success and survival following autotomy, plus the energetic cost of replacing the lost body part in species capable of regenerating them. Our study shows that autotomy in the lacertid lizard Podarcis lilfordi reduces sprint speed, indicating decreased capacity to escape as well as the loss of energy. Autotomy carries substantial cost, and thus should be avoided except as a last resort. Ease of autotomy and post‐autotomic movements were studied in three populations of lacertid lizards. Two were islet populations of P. lilfordi from Aire (lowest predation pressure) and Colom (intermediate predation pressure) off Minorca. The third was a mainland population of Podarcis hispanica, a closely related species from the mainland of the Iberian Peninsula where predation pressure is higher than on the islets. As predicted, a suite of autotomic traits increases the effectiveness of autotomy as a defence as predation pressure increases. With increasing predation pressure, the frequency of voluntary autotomy increases, latency to autotomy decreases, pressure on the tail needed to induce autotomy decreases, vigour of post‐autotomic tail movements increases, and distance moved by the shed tail increases. Additional changes that might be related to predation pressure, but could have other causes, are the presence of tail coloration contrasting with body coloration except under the lowest predation pressure (Aire) and longer tails in the mainland species P. hispanica. Correspondence between predation pressure and the suite of autotomic traits suggests that autotomy is an important defence that responds to natural selection. Comparative data are needed to establish the generality of relationships suggested in our study of only three populations.
One thousand jaguars (Panthera onca) in Bolivia's Chaco? Camera trapping in the Kaa‐Iya National Park
Authors: Maffei Leonardo , Cuéllar Erika , Noss Andrew 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis paper reports on efforts to trap jaguars Panthera onca on camera in the dry forests of the Kaa‐Iya del Gran Chaco National Park in Bolivia. Ad hoc camera trapping provided certain information on jaguar presence and habits, but was limited in application. Activity patterns showed that jaguars are active all day, particularly at one of three sites, with peaks in the morning and evening the more common pattern. Minimum observed home range was variable, with males (up to 65 km2) occupying more area than females (up to 29 km2). The authors adapted systematic methodologies first developed to survey tigers in India, based on individually distinctive pelage patterns in tigers and jaguars. Abundance is estimated using capture–recapture statistical analysis, and a sample area defined based on the maximum distance that individual jaguars move during the sample period. The methodology has proved successful for jaguars in dry Chaco forest, population densities of 1/30–45 km2 and 1/20 km2 are estimated in the two most extensive landscape systems of Kaa‐Iya. The entire 34 400 km2 protected area is estimated to sustain a population of over 1000 adult and juvenile jaguars, the largest single population of jaguar reported anywhere, and a viable population for long‐term jaguar conservation.
Trigger-dependent Gene Expression Profiles in Cardiac Preconditioning
Authors: Sergeev Pavel , da Silva Rafaela , Lucchinetti Eliana , Zaugg Kathrin , Pasch Thomas , Schaub Marcus C. , Zaugg Michael 
Published: February 2004

Background
DNA chips facilitate genomic-wide exploration of gene expression. The authors hypothesized that ischemic (IPC) and anesthetic preconditioning (APC) would differentially modulate gene expression in hearts.

Methods
Affymetrix rat U34A gene chips were used to explore the transcriptional response to IPC and APC, sustained ischemia (110 min) without reperfusion, and time-matched perfusion in isolated rat hearts. IPC was induced by three cycles of 5 min of ischemia, and APC was induced by 1.5 minimum alveolar concentration isoflurane (110 min). For each heart, a separate chip was used for hybridization. Data were analyzed for significant > or = 2.0-fold changes in gene expression. Microarray results were confirmed by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Results
Of the 8,799 genes represented on U34A, 217 transcripts in the APC group, 234 in the IPC group, and 29 in the ischemia group displayed significant > or = 2.0-fold up-regulation in messenger RNA levels, and 185 transcripts in the APC group, 55 in the IPC group, and 49 in the ischemia group displayed significant > or = 2.0-fold down-regulation. Many of these transcripts were unknown genes. A high number of commonly regulated genes were found in IPC and APC (39 up-regulated, 17 down-regulated). Genes commonly regulated included those associated with cell defense (heat shock protein 10, aldose reductase, Bcl-xS). Conversely, a pool of protective and antiprotective genes was differentially regulated in APC versus IPC (heat shock protein 27/70, programmed cell death 8), suggesting trigger-dependent transcriptome variability.

Conclusions
The novel microarray technology provides evidence for distinct cardioprotective phenotypes in IPC and APC. The observed transcriptional changes raise the possibility of a second window of protection by volatile anesthetics. The authors' molecular portraits are the first global genomic comparison between IPC and APC.
Attenuation of Mitochondrial Respiration by Sevoflurane in Isolated Cardiac Mitochondria Is Mediated in Part by Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Riess Matthias L. , Eells Janis T. , Kevin Leo G. , Camara Amadou K. S. , Henry Michele M. , Stowe David F. 
Published: February 2004

Background
Anesthetic preconditioning protects against cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. Increases in reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and reactive oxygen species during sevoflurane exposure suggest attenuated mitochondrial electron transport as a trigger of anesthetic preconditioning. The authors investigated the effects of sevoflurane on respiration in isolated cardiac mitochondria.

Methods
Mitochondria were isolated from fresh guinea pig hearts, and mitochondrial oxygen consumption was measured in the presence of complex I (pyruvate) or complex II (succinate) substrates. The mitochondria were exposed to 0, 0.13, 0.39, 1.3, or 3.9 mM sevoflurane. State 3 respiration was determined after adenosine diphosphate addition. The reactive oxygen species scavengers manganese(III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin chloride and N-tert-Butyl-a-(2-sulfophenyl)nitrone sodium (10 microM each), or the K(ATP) channel blockers glibenclamide (2 microM) or 5-hydroxydecanoate (300 microM), were given alone or before 1.3 mM sevoflurane.

Results
Sevoflurane attenuated respiration for both complex I and complex II substrates, depending on the dose. Glibenclamide and 5-hydroxydecanoate had no effect on this attenuation. Both scavengers, however, abolished the sevoflurane-induced attenuation for complex I substrates, but not for complex II substrates.

Conclusion
The findings suggest that sevoflurane-induced attenuation of complex I is mediated by reactive oxygen species, whereas attenuation of other respiratory complexes is mediated by a different mechanism. The opening of mitochondrial K(ATP) channels by sevoflurane does not seem to be involved in this effect. Thus, reactive oxygen species formation may not only result from attenuated electron transport by sevoflurane, but it may also contribute to complex I attenuation, possibly leading to a positive feedback and amplification of sevoflurane-induced reactive oxygen species formation in triggering anesthetic preconditioning.