bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of New 3-D CAD Systems on Knowledge Creation in Product Development
Authors: Nobeoka Kentaro , Baba Yasunori 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The management of knowledge creation is considered one of the key factors in the management of new product development. In the past, differences in knowledge creation capabilities at the organizational level were primarily attributed to the quantity and quality of human interactions that were facilitated by the appropri- ate organizational management (Nonaka, 1994; Kogut and Zander, 1992). Although organizational interactions continue to be important, the use of information technologies (ITs), including design, engineering, and manufacturing (CAD/ CAE/CAM), is becoming a much more critical factor for organizational knowledge creation in product development.
Conclusion: Social, Technical, and Evolutionary Dimensions of Knowledge Creation
Authors: Nonaka Ikujiro , Nishiguchi Toshihiro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How firms create, convert, transfer, and absorb knowledge to gain competitive advantage has been the focus of this book, with thirteen chapters each offering a part of the answer. Knowledge and knowledge creation are by nature complex and multifaceted phenomena, requiring a variety of concepts and approaches to explain and understand them. Nevertheless, we believe that the field of knowledge creation would benefit from increased unity of concepts and coordination of research efforts. In this concluding chapter we therefore briefly attempt to discern common threads uniting these chapters and research on knowledge creation in general. This will lead us to suggest a number of avenues that future research could take to advance this still emerging field.
Introduction
Authors: Perdue Theda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Is it a bow or a sifter?” inquired nineteenth-century Cherokees upon the birth of a child.1 A bow, the weapon of war and implement of hunting for centuries, epitomized masculinity; the sifter, essential to making bread, was a woman’s most important tool. While Cherokee women used sifters in a variety of ways, from seeding fruit to straining the oil they made from crushed nuts, the primary function of these loosely woven baskets was processing com. Women were intimately associated with corn—the same Cherokee word, selu, means both woman and corn—which they planted, tended, and harvested. Sifters sorted out the largest kernels of com for seed, guaranteeing next year’s crop. To make dried com palatable, women soaked kernels in a mixture of wood ashes sifted into water. Sifters drained off the liquid, and when the dried kernels had been pounded into meal, sifters separated large pieces from finer meal. Each went into different dishes that the women prepared. For the Cherokees, sifters, like women, represented both production and sustenance.2
Mary Musgrove: Creating a New World
Authors: Green Michael D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Coosaponakeesa, the child who would become Mary Musgrove, was born about 1700 in Coweta, Creek Nation.1 She was the niece of Brims, chief of Coweta and the most prominent and influential town king of the Lower Creeks. Her father, Edward Griffin, was a Charles Town trader. When she was about seven years old, Griffin took Coosaponakeesa and her brother to Pon Pon, a tiny community built around a ferry over the Edisto River in South Carolina not far from Charles Town. Until 1716, Coosaponakeesa lived in Pon Pon with an English family, perhaps related through her father.
Mourning Dove: Gender and Cultural Mediation
Authors: Garceau Dee 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since I have to raise $65.00 I decided either to rob some bank or start stealing cayuses. But an after thought and our Deer Lodge the State school for crooks came to my mind and I decided to go to work and earn honest money to pay for my first books and here I am … working for a family, 6 children all of the school age but the baby … and their old dad to cook for and keep house. … I am getting $1.50 a day and when he threshes I will no doubt reap $2.50 or three dollars a day, room and board.1
Maria Montoya Martinez: Crafting a Life, Transforming a Community
Authors: Reynolds Terry R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Maria was born in 18871 her parents could not have foreseen that she would be a major catalyst in changing their centuries-old village. They could not have known her future would bring her fame, fortune, travel, and powerful friends. They would teach her to care for others in the village, not because she was a female, but because they wanted her to become a good community member. They would have been satisfied for her to concentrate on her family, relatives, and neighbors with little thought to or activity beyond these spheres of village life. Maria, however, was caught up in the winds of change blowing throughout the southwestern United States at the turn of the twentieth century. With talent and skill in a traditional craft of women in her village, pottery making, and her thoughtful approach to living a good life in village terms, she, along with her husband, brought the village to the nation’s attention. She also helped to create an economic strategy through which her family, as well as other villagers, could enter the national economy and prosper. At the same time, Maria crafted a life based upon her ancestors’ traditions and service to others.1
Alice Lee Jemison: A Modern “Mother of the Nation”
Authors: Hauptman Laurence M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
No woman in the twentieth century was as bold, courageous, strident, or fanatical in her defense of the Seneca Nation of Indians as Alice Mae Lee Jemison, the most prominent American Indian journalist in the United States from the early 1930s to her death in 1964.1 Although she was viewed by the Interior Department and the FBI as a dangerous subversive and put under surveillance because of her unyielding criticism of U.S. government Indian policies, Jemison’s political activism was well rooted in Seneca culture and history. Despite being falsely labeled at various times as an unrepresentative “mixed-blood;” a Nazi, a fascist, and a communist, Jemison was a much more representative voice of Seneca women than her enemies ever acknowledged.
Understanding TIAA-CREF
Authors: Schloss Irving S , Abildsoe Deborah V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
TIAA-CREF is the largest private pension plan in the world, with more than $260 billion under management, including an estimated 1% of all shares traded on the New York Stock Exchange. And yet, while there is a wealth of information on IRAs, 401(k)s and other investment vehicles, until now there has been little guidance for the millions of TIAA-CREF plan participants and their advisors. The TIAA-CREF Book offers the definitive guide to TIAA-CREF for participants, estate planners, and financial advisors. Simply and clearly--and with a droll sense of humor--the authors explain the often complex legal and financial aspects of how the TIAA-CREF plan works, how the investment choices new participants make can affect the funds available at retirement, what the distribution options are for withdrawing money either before or after retirement, and how to leave the fund as an inheritance. For participants in the accumulation stage of their careers, the authors explain the important differences between fixed income securities (TIAA) and equity securities (CREF), and examine the investment choices for both. They address such important issues as how to allocate contributions, how portable an account really is, and how plans differ from employer to employer. In addition to the valuable primer on estate planning--from how to quantify assets, needs, and income to how the Federal Estate Tax affects TIAA-CREF accounts--the authors explore in detail the distribution options available and help weigh the pros and cons of each choice. Drawing on their extensive work in the field of estate planning, the authors cover the gamut of what it takes to make the most out of a TIAA-CREF plan.
Atherosclerotic Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Adams Harold P , Bachinski Vladimir , Norris John W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of ischemic stroke in North America and most countries around the world. It affects major intracranial and extracranial arteries and is a leading cause of occlusions of penetrating arteries that perfuse the deep portions of the brain. The most common locations for symptomatic cerebrovascular atherosclerosis are the origin of the internal carotid artery, the intracavernous portion of the internal carotid artery, the first segment of the middle cerebral artery, the origin of and the distal portion of the vertebral artery, and the mid portion of the basilar artery. Atherosclerosis also involves the aorta and major cervical arteries. The origin of the internal carotid artery is the most frequent site for severe atherosclerosis in persons of European ancestry, whereas intracranial arteries are more commonly affected among persons of African or Asian heritage. Diabetic persons also have a high rate of intracranial atherosclerosis.
Stroke in Children and Young Adults and Genetic Causes of Stroke
Authors: Adams Harold P , Bachinski Vladimir , Norris John W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although most ischemic strokes occur in persons older than 65, approximately 3% of events occur in those under 45. The number of young persons having stroke may be increasing. This increase may be a true increase in incidence, or it may be secondary to a greater awareness that stroke does occur in this patient population. Because children and young adults have a long life expectancy, a stroke that leads to death or prolonged disability has a huge economic impact. The economic and societal effects of stroke are exacerbated by the absence of other serious medical illnesses in this population.
Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Adams Harold P , Bachinski Vladimir , Norris John W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke is a neurological emergency. The first hours after onset are critical for initiation of treatment that can limit the neurological consequences of ischemic stroke. Time limits to define acute ischemic stroke are evolving but, for any effective therapy to ameliorate stroke, it probably must occur within a few hours. Although the first 24 hours might be considered an upper boundary in defining acute ischemic stroke, in reality, the first 3-6 hours are the most crucial.
Clues to Diagnosis of Peripheral Neuropathy: History and Examination of the Patient
Authors: Mendell Jerry R , Kissel John T , Cornblath David R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The importance of the initial history and physical examination in the evaluation of patients with suspected peripheral neuropathy cannot be overemphasized. As discussed in Chapter 1, a complete history and thorough examination usually provide sufficient information to address the first challenge presented by the patient with suspected neuropathy; namely, whether the symptoms are due to peripheral nerve disease or result from involvement of some other area of the nervous system. In addition, the data gathered from the history and examination permit the generation of diagnostic hypotheses that can then be assessed through subsequent electrophysiological and laboratory studies.
Evaluation of the Peripheral Neuropathy Patient Using Quantitative Sensory Testing
Authors: Mendell Jerry R , Cornblath David R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sensory thresholds for modalities of touch, temperature, vibration, and pain have been characterized and quantified by a variety of instruments to establish an accurate baseline for future comparisons. These measures have become an important element in controlled clinical trials and epidemiological studies. In fact, some clinical trials have used instrument measured sensory thresholds as primary endpoint meaures. Certain devices have also been incorporated into routine clinical practice. Instruments available for clinical use range in size from hand-held appliances to complex computer-driven machines and in cost from hundreds to tens of thousands of dollars. The requirements for adequate systems, from design to testing algorithms, to standardization, including the recommendations for controls, have been delineated in a consensus statement by the Peripheral Nerve Association. These principles are relevant to the application of instrument-measured sensory thresholds in clinical practice and are emphasized in this discussion (Table 4-1).
Evaluation of the Peripheral Neuropathy Patient Using Autonomic Reflex Tests
Authors: Novak Vera , Mendell Jerry R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Autonomic nervous system involvement is an important feature of many acute and chronic peripheral neuropathies (Table 5-1). Neuropathies may affect both somatic and autonomic nerves, or less often, autonomic nervous system failure may be the major or sole manifestation of the condition. In either case, autonomic reflex testing has emerged as an important diagnostic tool. Examples where autonomic reflex tests are valuable include acute panautonomia (Chapter 9), pure autonomic failure, and paraneoplastic intestinal pseudoobstruction. In patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung, autonomic failure may precede other manifestations of the disease. In other patients, such as those with small-fiber sensory neuropathies, loss of a particular autonomic nervous system function, like sudomotor function of the distal extremity; can provide objective evidence of nerve fiber damage that may be difficult to substantiate by other means (see Case Report 1: Idiopathic Painful Sensory Neuropathy).
The Role of Peripheral Nerve and Skin Biopsies
Authors: Mendell Jerry R , Erdem Sevim , Agamanolis Dimitris P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is important to emphasize that the nerve biopsy is not a screening test for neuropathy. We have other methods of screening that are less invasive, less expensive, and less likely to produce discomfort that persists for weeks to months. Therefore, the nerve biopsy should be strategic and well planned, not a routine part of the evaluation of every neuropathy patient. The nerve biopsy is used to address specific questions, with the realization that there are limitations of interpretation imposed by the narrow range of pathological responses to a variety of insults. It is also an expensive test, employing multiple means of analysis, including paraffin, frozen and plastic (epoxy resin) embedding techniques, along with teased nerve fiber preparations; preparing the latter, in particular, takes considerable time and skill. Each of the processing methods targets different potentially affected components of the nerve. In some cases, explicit diagnostic information can be derived, in others only supportive diagnostic information can be expected.
Vasculitic Neuropathy
Authors: Kissel John T , Collins Michael P , Mendell Jerry R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The term vasculitis incorporated a large group of clinically heterogeneous conditions that have the following characteristic pathologic features in common: inflammation and structural damage to blood vessel walls that leads to ischemic, hemorrhagic, and thrombotic damage to the tissues supplied by those vessels. Peripheral neuropathy is common in conjunction with most of these vasculitic syndromes, irrespective of whether vasculitis is the primary disease process, as in polyarteritis nodosa or Wegener’s granulomatosis, or is secondary to some other connective tissue disorder, such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. In patients with secondary vasculitides, it can occasionally be difficult to distinguish vasculitic neuropathy from other types of neuropathy (discussed in Chapter 13). The clinical and pathologic features of vasculitic neuropathy, however, are distinctive enough to merit separate discussion, particularly since neuropathy may be the first, and sometimes only, manifestation of vasculitis. Prompt diagnosis by the neuromuscular clinician is therefore crucial because of the significant potential for improvement with immunosuppressive treatment. In fact, vasculitic neuropathy represents one of the most treatable neuropathies encountered by clinicians.
Peripheral Neuropathies Associated with Connective Tissue Diseases
Authors: Robert P Lisak , Mendell Jerry R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Connective tissue diseases represent a varied and challenging group of disorders, and the peripheral nerves are highly susceptible targets for damage in these conditions.1-•3 The pathogenic mechanisms are varied and often ill defined. An immune-mediated or inflammatory process is usually invoked, but the precise role played by many of the components of the inflammatory process awaits more knowledge. A necrotizing vasculitis can be demonstrated in some cases, as described in this review and in Chapter 12. Compressive and entrapment neuropathies are common, especially in association with rheumatoid arthritis. The peripheral nerves can also be damaged by organ system failure, especially renal damage, and also as a consequence of pulmonary and hepatic failure. Drugs used in the treatment of these disorders can also affect the peripheral nervous system.
Critical Illness Polyneuropathy and Related Conditions
Authors: Mendell Jerry R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A neuropathy associated with critical illness was described by Bolton in 1984, but similar reports date back many decades. Although initially controversial because of the complexity of the clinical setting in which it occurs, critical illness polyneuropathy has gradually gained acceptance. Recognizing disorders affecting the motor unit in the critically ill patient is an important endeavor for the clinician. The motor unit is vulnerable at all levels, including the motor neuron (Hopkins Critical illness polyneuropathy is not a single entity. The condition described by Bolton and colleagues in a series of reports is the best recognized variant and by definition occurs in the setting of sepsis and multiple organ system failure (dysfunction in at least two organs). Bolton emphasizes that the neuropathy is one of the manifestations of the “systemic inflammatory response syndrome,” a term coined in 1992 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the American College of Chest Physicians. Other conditions considered to be variants of critical illness neuropathy and falling under its umbrella include “acute respiratory failure neuropathy” and “acute motor neuropathy associated with neuromuscular blocking agents”.
Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies
Authors: Mendell Jerry R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSAN) represent a rare group of disorders. A classification of the conditions belonging to this group has been in evolution for decades. At present, the categorization of patients is based on the mode of inheritance, clinical manifestations, and electrodiagnostic and neuropathological observations. The frailty of such a pure phenotypic approach has been demonstrated with other inherited neuropathies (see Chapters 21 and 23 on hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies and familial amyloid polyneuropathies, respectively), where molecular genetic findings continue to have a major impact on our understanding and nosological classification. The precise number of accepted subtypes of HSAN is somewhat arbitrary. Five subtypes of HSAN are reasonably well defined, and a case has been made to accept HSAN VI as an additional subtype. A more accurate classification will grow out of genetic studies demonstrating chromosomal localization and specific gene defects. This is beginning to happen with these disorders as demonstrated by the finding of a molecular defect in the TRKA tyrosine kinase receptor gene for nerve growth factor (NGF) in HSAN IV.
Lipoprotein Disorders: Tangier Disease and AbetaIipoproteinemia/FamiIial Hypobetalipoproteinemia
Authors: Mendell Jerry R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Three neurologic disorders involve abnormalities in lipoproteins and their constituents. Tangier disease predominantly affects the peripheral nerves without significant central nervous system involvement. Abetalipoproteinemia, or Bassen-Komzweig disease, and familial hypobetalipoproteinemia are phenotypically identical, predominantly spinocerebellar syndromes with a peripheral neuropathy, much like Friedreich ataxia.
Cryptococcal meningitis
Authors: Brew Bruce James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cryptococcal meningitis is a relatively frequent complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. It can present subtly with only mild headache, but if the diagnosis is missed the patient can rapidly deteriorate to death within hours to days. In most patients, it is easily treatable so that all clinicians involved with HIV-infected patients should be fully aware of the condition. Indeed, a good clinical aphorism is that headache in a patient with advanced HIV disease is cryptococcal meningitis until proved otherwise.
Prevention and Screening Principles Relevant to Gastrointestinal Malignancies
Authors: Shureiqi Imad , Reddy Pavan , Ruffin Mack T , Brenner Dean E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Strategies for the prevention of any disease can be categorized as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Primary prevention strategies aim to reduce the incidence of disease and generally target the entire population without symptoms or disease. For gastrointestinal cancers, primary prevention strategies include diet or dietary supplements, smoking cessation, hepatitis B vaccine, avoidance or elimination of environmental carcinogens, and risk reduction.
Therapeutic Principles of Gastrointestinal Neoplasia: Emerging Therapies: Vaccines
Authors: Jessup J Milburn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By 1990, several reports indicated that adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer1,2 or adjuvant multimodality therapy for stage II or stage III rectal cancer3 successfully decreased recurrence rates and improved survival rates. A National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference4 reviewed the available data and recommended that patients with stage II colon carcinoma or stage II or III rectal cancer receive adjuvant therapy, which in 1990 was 5-fluorouracil plus levamisole for colon cancer or 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin with radiation therapy for rectal cancer.
Molecular Biology of Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Tselepis Chris , Jankowski Janusz 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Esophageal cancer remains the third most frequent gastrointestinal (GI) cancer in the world. It was responsible for over 500,000 new cases in 1994, more than 90% of which were fatal. Esophageal cancer has the widest regional variation in incidence of any GI cancer and has a greater than 100-fold difference in incidence between high-and-low risk areas of the world. The histological type of cancer also shows regional variation, with predisposition to adenocarcinomas in the Western world and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) in third-world countries.
Epidemiology and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Moss Steven F , Shirin Haim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma is by far the most common malignant gastric neoplasm and worldwide remains the second most common cause of cancer mortality after lung cancer. The much rarer non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas and leiomyosarcomas, which account for fewer than 5% of all gastric tumors, are discussed in Chapters 66–70 of this book.