bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amphiphilic Polymers Based on Poly(2‐oxazoline)s – From ABC‐Triblock Copolymers to Micellar Catalysis
Authors: Nuyken Oskar , Weberskirch Ralf , Bortenschlager Martin , Schönfelder Daniel 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn this presentation we give an overview on our results in the field of poly(2‐oxazolines). By means of living cationic polymerization in combination with the initiation and termination method, functionalized poly(2‐oxazoline)s have been prepared, that were used as (i) macromonomers to form graft copolymers, (ii) lipopolymers to prepare stealth liposomes, (iii) ABC like polymers to form two compartment micellar networks and (iv) macroligand for micellar catalysis application. Within this report, we will discuss in detail the synthesis and characterization of various poly(2‐oxazoline)s for the above mentioned research areas.
Dual Reactivity of Magnesium Compounds as Initiators for Anionic and Cationic Polymerization
Authors: Arest‐Yakubovich Alexander , Nakhmanovich Boris , Zolotareva Irina , Yakimansky Alexander , Pakuro Natalia 
Published: September 2004

AbstractOrganomagnesium compounds are well known initiators of anionic polymerization of polar monomers. However, we have found recently that in the presence of compounds with labile halogen atoms, e.g., benzyl chloride, they are also active initiators of cationic polymerization of isobutylene and styrene in hydrocarbon media. The tentative scheme of cationic initiation is suggested assuming the formation of benzyl cation connected with Mg2Cl5− counter‐ion. The scheme is confirmed by quantum‐chemical calculations and 1H NMR analysis of polyisobutylene. On addition of a polar monomer, N,N‐dimethylacrylamide or 2‐vinylpyridine, to Bu2Mg‐BzCl‐isobutylene polymerizing mixture, the former readily polymerizes. The mixture of homopolymers rather than block copolymers is formed in this case, however, this fact proves the co‐existence of anionic and cationic centers in the system.
Templating Organosilicate Vitrification Using Unimolecular Self‐Organizing Polymers Prepared from Tandem Ring Opening and Atom Transfer Radical Polymerizations
Authors: Magbitang T. , Lee V.Y. , Connor E.F. , Sundberg L.K. , Kim H.‐C. , Volksen W. , Hawker C.J. , Miller R.D. , Hedrick J.L. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA unimolecular templating star‐shaped polymer with a compatibilizing outer corona, prepared by tandem ROP/ATRP procedures, was dispersed into a thermosetting organosilicate. The organic polymer was thermalized to leave behind its latent image in the matrix with a pore size that reflected the size of the polymer molecule, and provided the expected reduction in dielectric constant.
Detection of PEC elliptic cylinders by a memetic algorithm using real data
Authors: Caorsi S. , Massa A. , Pastorino M. , Randazzo A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA global optimization procedure for the electromagnetic detection of perfectly conducting elliptic cylinders is proposed. The method is based on an analytical solution for the forward‐scattering computation. The problem is recast as an optimization problem by constructing a suitable functional, which is minimized by using an efficient memetic algorithm. The solution is validated by using real data obtained from a prototype of an imaging system based on the modulated scattering technique. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 271–273, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20442
Time‐domain 3D electromagnetic model for hybrid and monolithic microwave and optoelectronic integrated circuits
Authors: Mohammadi F. A. , Yagoub M. C. E. , Raahemifar K. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis paper presents an accurate and robust 3D time‐domain electromagnetic model for hybrid and monolithic microwave and optoelectronic integrated circuits. The time‐domain model has been validated for different structures, such as metallic waveguides and planner lines under harmonic‐oscillation excitation. The simulation results demonstrate that this approach is suitable for modeling microwave components of integrated circuits. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 276–280, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20444
Demonstration of reflection‐error reduction in antenna radiation patterns using spherical wave expansion
Authors: Koivisto Päivi 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis paper demonstrates how the reflection error of a radiation pattern can be reduced by means of an optimised spherical wave expansion (SWE). Disturbed and undisturbed radiation patterns are measured with and without an aluminum mast near the measured antenna. The SWEs are calculated from each measurement with the optimal truncation indices determined by a method previously introduced by this author. The differences between the disturbed and undisturbed radiation patterns are calculated for measured and corresponding SWE values. The agreement of the SWE fields is better than that of the measured ones. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 280–284, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20445
Design and implementation of a multiband planar antenna for cellular/PCS/IMT‐2000 base stations
Authors: Oh Kyungjin , Kim Bonjun , Choi Jaehoon 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn this paper, a novel dual‐frequency wideband aperture‐stacked patch antenna for cellular/PCS/IMT‐2000 base stations is presented. It consists of single microstrip patch with notches along the radiating patch, two dielectric substrates, and foam material. By the proper choice of the resonant aperture size and height of the foam material, dual and wideband characteristics can be realized. The measured impedance bandwidth (1:1.5 VSWR) of the designed antenna at the lower band (860 MHz) reaches 77 MHz and covers the cellular CDMA band (824–894 MHz). The measured impedance bandwidth (1:1.5 VSWR) of the designed antenna at the upper band (1960 MHz) is about 550 MHz and covers both the PCS (1750–1870 MHz) and IMT‐2000 (1920–2170 MHz) bands. Good broadside radiation with high gain (6.92–7.92 dBi) characteristics are also observed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 284–286, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20446
On the multiplaten Z‐buffer algorithm for ray tracing in high‐frequency electromagnetic scattering computations
Authors: Zhou Yong , Ling Hao 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA ray tracer based on the multiplaten Z‐buffer (MPZ) algorithm is implemented and its performance is evaluated against the binary space‐partition tree algorithm. Our results indicate that the computational complexity of the MPZ is independent of the number of facets, thus making it potentially attractive for targets described by a large number of facets. A multi‐aspect MPZ (MAMPZ) is also proposed to further enhance the speed performance of the MPZ algorithm. It is shown that by storing multi‐aspect Z‐buffers, it is possible to significantly accelerate the ray‐tracing time of the MPZ. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 298–301, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20450
A compact low‐pass filter with ultra‐wide stopband
Authors: Kim Kyunghoon , Jung Jong‐Ho , Kee Chul‐Sik , Park Ikmo , Lim H. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis paper presents a compact microstrip low‐pass filter with ultra‐wide stopband and sharp cutoff frequency response. The conventional shunt open‐stub filter with a slot on the ground plane has a wide stopband at high frequency, and the coupled open‐stub microstrip filter has a sharp cutoff response at low frequency. The combination of these structures gives the filter the characteristics of an ultra‐wide stopband and a prominent cutoff sharpness. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 303–306, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20452
Novel geometrical database model for line‐based GIS urban maps in 2D/2.5D ray‐tracing algorithms
Authors: Liu Haitao , Li Binhong , Qi Dongsheng 
Published: September 2004

AbstractConventional geometrical database models (GDMs) in ray tracing require vectorization of building information, thus cannot achieve datum‐extraction from line‐based GIS maps efficiently, in which the building layouts are mainly stored in scalar lines. A novel GDM with an improved algorithm in 2D/2.5D cases is proposed according to this kind of map. A comparison between the simulation and measurement results verifies the validity of the new model and method. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 307–310, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20453
Circuit‐level simulation of W‐CDMA communication systems applied to the analysis of nonlinear distortion
Authors: Madero‐Ayora María J. , Reina‐Tosina Javier , Freire‐Pérez Ramón , Crespo‐Cadenas Carlos 
Published: September 2004

AbstractDifferent circuit‐level approaches to analyze the effects of nonlinear distortion on coded division multiple access (CDMA) wireless communication systems are studied in order to predict spectral regrowth at the output of a nonlinear device. Measurements of a simple MESFET amplifier tested with a W‐CDMA waveform are satisfactorily compared with the simulated results. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 310–314, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20454
A broadband high‐efficiency bow‐tie slot antenna for WLAN applications
Authors: Denidni Tayeb A. , Rao Qinjiang , Sebak Abdel R. , Talbi Larbi 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA new broadband high‐efficiency bow‐tie slot antenna is proposed for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications in dual‐frequency bands (5.15–5.35 GHz and 5.728–5.825 GHz). To achieve this objective, the radiating slot is fed by a new feeding circuit by using a microstrip line with a strip fork tuning stub. By optimizing the parameters of the antenna structure, one can let the frequency band of the antenna meet and exceed the band requirements of WLAN applications, and the radiation efficiency can be up to more than 90% in the interested bands. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 317–320, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20456
Gain enhancement by optimizing the interelement spacing in linear array antennas
Authors: Aerts W. , Vandenbosch G. A. E. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn this paper, an easy design method is introduced for the optimal linear array, that is, the array with the highest possible gain. This technique is only exact for isotropically radiating elements, but can easily be used for an array of any element type with a rotation‐symmetric radiation pattern. The quality of this approximation is discussed for an array of dipoles. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 320–324, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20457
A simple temperature‐independent strain sensor using a fiber BRAGG grating
Authors: Zhao Zhiyong , Zhang Shuang , Yu Yongsen , Zhuo Zhongchang , Qian Ying , Cao Yinghui , Zhang Jian , Zheng Wei , Zhang Yushu 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA novel temperature‐independent strain sensor based on a fiber Bragg grating is demonstrated. The front section of the fiber Bragg grating is fixed to a crystal plate, and the other section is linearly etched in HF acid. The reflected power of the grating varies linearly with strain and is insensitive to temperature variation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 324–326, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20458
A quadratic‐programming approach to the synthesis of multifrequency broadside antenna arrays
Authors: McNamara Derek A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAn array synthesis technique that straightforwardly extends an earlier quadratic‐programming based method to the case of multifrequency arrays is described. The method is applied to a specific multifrequency array example. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 326–330, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20459
Low pass filter implementation with loaded coplanar strip‐lines over GaAs semi‐insulating substrates
Authors: Cantú H. I. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis paper reports the design, fabrication, and testing of novel low‐pass filters based on periodic capacitively loaded coplanar strip‐lines on GaAs substrates. The main feature of these filters is the simplicity of the fabrication process and the reduction of radiation losses and layout dimensions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 330–332, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20460
A novel method for switching and tuning of PBG structures
Authors: Wu Jack , Qiu S. N. , Qiu C. X. , Shih I. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractPhotonic band‐gap (PBG) structures are utilized in microwave components as filters to suppress unwanted signals. In this work, rectangular perforations were created in the ground plane of a microstrip line to construct a PBG structure. A gold‐coated alumina substrate was utilized to switch or tune the bandstop characteristics of this structure. It was demonstrated that the bandstop characteristics were switched off from −35 to −1 dB at 16 GHz. Tuning of the bandstop edge with a shift of 1.5 GHz was also shown. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 334–337, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20462
On single‐mode transmission of variable ferrite polarizers in circular waveguide
Authors: Che Wenquan , Yung Edward K. N. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractHigh‐order modes are a problem in the design of many ferrite devices. The characteristic equation for the modes in a ferrite variable polarizer, implemented in a dielectric‐filled circular waveguide, is obtained using the mode‐matching method. The conditions to guarantee single‐mode (TE11) operation are also determined. It is shown that when the ferrite thickness has been chosen as t = 0.0377λ0, the valid range of the dielectric thickness should be 0.01λ0 < d < 0.0146λ0 for single‐mode operation. It is shown that the dielectric ring filling can improve the figure of the merit and help to realize the single‐mode transmission in the device. Experimental results from a prototype polarizer are provided as verification of the analysis presented here. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 348–353, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20466
Microwave imaging of two‐dimensional dielectric cylinders with a multiscaled frequency hopping approach
Authors: Thomas Vinu , Gopakumar C. , Lonappan Anil , Bindu G. , Hamsakutty V. , Mathew K.T. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA multiscaled multifrequency method for inverse profiling of 2D dielectric cylinders is presented. The inverse problem is solved at all frequency hops using a multiscale scheme: the problem is solved at a coarse resolution where it is more stable, and this solution is used as a starting estimate for solving the problem at progressively increasing scales. Multiscaling reduces the risk of the solution getting trapped in a local minimum with respect to the deterministic optimization method employed for the inverse‐scattering problem. Thus, better initial estimates are provided for the iterations at higher frequencies. Testing the strategy on synthetic multifrequency data provides promising results. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 353–355, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20467
Translational Doppler detection using direct‐detect chirped amplitude‐modulated laser radar
Authors: Ruff W. , Aliberti K. , Giza M. , Potter W. , Redman B. , Stann B. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractTranslational Doppler detection using a direct‐detect, chirped, amplitude‐modulated LADAR is demonstrated. A nonoptically coherent system is utilized to lower the target‐induced Doppler shift to tens of Hz, as opposed to several hundreds of megahertz for a coherent LADAR design. The Doppler shift is imposed on both the laser carrier and the intensity modulation impressed on the laser carrier. The data indicate that the LADAR is able to measure the Doppler shift due to the translational motion of a moving target. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 358–363, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20469
Cardiac and skeletal muscle involvement in myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2): A quantitative 31P‐MRS and MRI study
Authors: Schneider‐Gold Christiane , Beer Meinrad , Köstler Herbert , Buchner Stefan , Sandstede Jörn , Hahn Dietbert , Toyka Klaus V. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2/PROMM), cardiac muscle involvement is usually more benign than in DM1, but clinically severe cardiomyopathy has been reported in some patients. Using a novel method of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), we examined the left ventricular myocardium and the left gastrocnemius muscle in 11 unselected DM2/PROMM patients without overt cardiac disease. Data on cardiac morphology and function were obtained by gradient echo two‐dimensional cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); no significant differences were found between DM2 patients and healthy controls, but using a median split approach older patients showed mildly increased left ventricular (LV) volumes, i.e., 59% increase of end‐systolic volume index (ESVI) and 35% increase of end‐diastolic volume index (EDVI), and an increase of LV mass (26%). On cardiac MRS, DM2/PROMM patients showed a reduction of phosphocreatine (PCr) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by 25 and 20% compared to matched healthy controls. No significant differences were found between younger and older patients. In skeletal muscle of the DM2 patients, no significant decrease of PCr and ATP concentrations was found. However, in older patients, who commonly show overt hip flexor muscle weakness, we observed reduced values for PCr and ATP. Our MRS and MRI findings reveal evidence for subclinical cardiomyopathy in DM2/PROMM patients without overt heart disease. Future prospective studies are needed to clarify the risk of developing overt cardiac disease in DM2 and to define prognostic factors. Muscle Nerve, 2004
Graph distance‐dependent labeling related to code assignment in computer networks
Authors: Jin Xiaohua Teresa , Yeh Roger K. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor nonnegative integers d1, d2, and L(d1, d2)‐labeling of a graph G, is a function f : V(G) → {0, 1, 2, …} such that |f(u) − f(v)| ≥ di whenever the distance between u and v is i in G, for i = 1, 2. The L(d1, d2)‐number of G, λ(G) is the smallest k such that there exists an L(d1, d2)‐labeling with the largest label k. These labelings have an application to a computer code assignment problem. The task is to assign integer “control codes” to a network of computer stations with distance restrictions, which allow d1 ≤ d2. In this article, we will study the labelings with (d1, d2) ∈ {(0, 1), (1, 1), (1, 2)}. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005
Augen auf beim Hürdenlauf — Projekt‐Risikomanagement im Rahmen der Einführung eines Gesamtbankeninformatiksystems am Beispiel der Bank Linth
Authors: Kessler Bernhard , Küttel Paolo 
Published: September 2004

AbstractMit der Informatik verbundene Risiken stellen einen bedeutenden Anteil des operativen Risikos einer Bank dar. Der technologische Forschritt, die wachsende IT‐Abhängigkeit des Bankgeschäfts sowie der zunehmende Trend zum Sourcing bedingen in der heutigen Zeit eine kontinuierliche Anpassung der bestehenden IT‐ und Kommunikationssysteme. Diesem Trend entsprechend wurden in der Schweiz, trotz der angespannten Situation in der Bankenbranche, im Jahr 2002 durchschnittlich 20 Prozent der Gesamtausgaben in die IT investiert [itopia, IT Cost Survey 2002/2003]. Immer öfter stellen große IT‐Projekte eine Herausforderung für die ganze Bank dar. So sind in IT‐Projekten interne Ressourcen neben dem Tagesgeschäft in erheblichem Maß gebunden. Darüber hinaus steigen Integrationsgrad und Verflechtungen der IT fortlaufend, womit die Interdependenzen zunehmen. Andererseits wächst aufgrund der steigenden Komplexität der Grad an isoliertem Fachwissen. Das Treffen von übergreifenden Entscheidungen wird immer schwieriger. Die erfolgreiche Durchführung von komplexen IT‐Projekten hat also für die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und somit für die Zukunft einer Bank wesentliche strategische Bedeutung.
Methodological issues in a CMM Level 4 implementation
Authors: Antoniol Giuliano , Gradara Sara , Venturi Gabriele 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe Capability Maturity Model (CMM) developed by the Software Engineering Institute is an improvement paradigm. It provides a framework for assessing the maturity of software processes on a five‐level scale and guidelines that help improve software process and artifact quality. Moving toward CMM Level 4 and Level 5 is a very demanding task even for large software companies already accustomed to the CMM and ISO certifications. It requires, for example, quality monitoring, control, feedback, and process optimization. In fact, going beyond CMM Level 3 requires a radical change in the way projects are carried out and managed. It involves quantitative and statistical techniques to control software processes and quality, and it entails substantial changes in the way the organization approaches software life cycle activities.In this article, we describe the process changes, adaptation, integration, and tailoring, and we report lessons learned while preparing an Italian solution centre of EDS for the Level 4 internal assessment. The solution centre has about 350 people and carries out about 40 software development and maintenance projects each year. We describe how Level 4 Key Process Areas have been implemented, building a methodological framework, which leverages both existing available methodologies and practices already in place (e.g. derived form ISO compliance). We discuss how methodologies have been adapted to the company's internal and external situations and what are the underlining assumptions for the methodology adaptation. Furthermore, we discuss cultural and organizational changes required to obtain a CMM Level 4 certification. The steps and the process improvement we have carried out, and the challenges we have faced were most likely those with the highest risk and cost‐driving factor common to all organizations aiming at achieving CMM Level 4. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.