bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Home‐ vs. Clinic‐Based Biofeedback Treatment for Pediatric Migraine: Results of Treatment Through One‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Burke Edmund J. , Andrasik Frank 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISWhile temperature biofeedback and related bio‐behavioral procedures have become common in the treatment of adult migraineurs, the application of these techniques to the pediatric population has lagged far behind. The current investigation was undertaken to examine various methods for delivering biofeedback with this population. Nine children participated in this single‐subject, clinical replication series in which clinic‐based therapist‐administered, home‐based child‐administered, and home‐based parent‐administered treatment formats were evaluated. Headache activity was assessed through the use of a daily headache log. Overall, results supported the utility of temperature biofeedback in the treatment of pediatric migraine. Further, it was suggested that home‐based treatments may represent an equally efficacious and more cost‐effective alternative to traditional clinic‐based treatments. Finally, treatment effects were found to be stable, with results maintaining through a one‐year follow‐up period.
Drug‐Related Headache
Authors: Askmark Håkan , Lundberg Per Olov , Olsson S. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA survey was made of 10,506 reports to the WHO Collaboration Centre for International Drug Monitoring from five countries concerning headache, migraine, aggravated migraine and intracranial hypertension associated with drugs. The ten drugs most frequently reported to be associated with headache were indomethacin, nifedipine, cimetidine, atenolol, trimethoprim‐sulphamethoxazole, zimeldine, glyceryl trinitrate, isosorbide dinitrate, zomepirac and ranitidine. Regarding migraine, oral contraceptives were also among the most implicated drugs. Most reports of intracranial hypertension concerned tetra‐cyclines, isotretinoin and trimethoprim‐ sulphamethoxazole. Vasodilatation and salt and water retention with subsequent redistribution of intracranial fluid seem to be common mechanisms underlying drug‐related headache. For certain frequently reported drugs, however, the mechanisms of the headache are unknown.
Reversal of Cluster Headache Side Following Treatment of Arteriovenous Malformation
Authors: Gawel Marek J. , Willinsky Robert A. , Krajewski Adam 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISWe describe the case of a forty‐four year old man who had typical right sided cluster headaches and an arteriovenous malformation supplied mainly by the right anterior cerebral artery. Following endovascular embolisation of this artery the AVM was supplied mainly by the left anterior cerebral artery. Subsequent headaches have always been on the left. Transcranial Doppler studies now suggested an increase of middle cerebral artery flow velocity. We suggest that the change in haemodynamics was responsible for the change in headache side.
Couple Therapy and Chronic Headache: A Preliminary Outcome Study
Authors: Roy Ranjan 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThis brief report examines the factors that led to successful completion of couple therapy with 8 chronic headache patients and their spouses, as opposed to another 8 couples who dropped out of treatment. Overall, the couples who successfully completed therapy were in less strifeful marriages and were confronted with specific life change events as opposed to the couples who dropped out, who gave evidence of chronic marital difficulties. Family and couple therapy for chronic headache sufferers is recommended on a selective basis.
Low CSF Met‐Enkephalin Levels in Cluster Headache Are Elevated by Acupuncture
Authors: Hardebo Jan Erik , Ekman Rolf , Eriksson Margareta 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISSignificantly lower met‐enkephalin levels were found in CSF from cluster headache sufferers as compared to age‐matched healthy volunteers, whereas it was not possible to demonstrate any clear‐cut difference for ß‐endorphin. CSF opioid levels may rise following manual or electroacupuncture. It was studied whether traditional Chinese (manual) acupuncture affected CSF levels of met‐enkephalin or (ß‐endorphin in these patients, and to what extent this treatment would be beneficial for the headache. A significant rise in lumbar CSF met‐enkephalin levels was found, whereas no clear change in ß‐endorphin levels was obtained. The treatment was, however, of little value in preventing the headache.
Increase in PGE2 and TXA2 in the Saliva of Common Migraine Patients. Action of Calcium Channel Blockers
Authors: Tuca J. Obach , Planas J.M. , Parellada R Puig 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISPGE2 and TXA2 levels and their modulation by nicardipine, a calcium blocking agent, have been studied in patients suffering from migraine. The levels of both metabolites were determined in saliva obtained during the migraine attacks, during the intervals between attacks, and after 2 months of treatment with nicardipine (20 mg every 8 h.) or placebo. The therapeutic response was evaluated on the basis of the number of migraine attacks. The results show a significant increase in the levels of both eicosanoids during the migraine attacks. In contrast to the placebo group, the number of migraine attacks and the levels of both arachidonic acid metabolites are markedly lower in the nicardipine group. Our results suggest calcium entry into the cytosol as an explanation for the increase in PGE2 and TXA2. Nicardipine interferes with calcium mobilization, thereby inhibiting arachidonic acid metabolite synthesis.
Site of Injury Headache
Authors: Vijayan N. , Watson Craig 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISWolff described three types of post‐traumatic headaches (PTH). In type II PTH, the pain is located at the site of injury. Local soft tissue trauma and direct damage or entrapment of sensory nerves in the scar tissue are thought to be responsible for this type of headache. It is often difficult to study the neurological and autonomic changes in the scalp in these patients. We report here 8 patients with PTH in whom the site of injury was on the face thereby allowing us to evaluate the local neurological changes with greater accuracy. The results of this study corroborate Wolff's view of the pathogenesis of type II or “site of injury” PTH.
Treatment of Acute Migraine Attack: Ibuprofen and Placebo Compared
Authors: Havanka‐Kanniainen H. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe efficacy of ibuprofen in comparison with that of placebo was assessed in the treatment of acute migraine attacks. The material consisted of 40 migraine patients. Each treatment period continued for five migraine attacks. The initial dose of ibuprofen was 800 mg, with additional 400 mg taken if and when needed. The mean duration of migraine attacks treated with ibuprofen was significantly shorter than the duration of migraine attacks treated with placebo. Need for supplementary medication was also significantly lower in the ibuprofen‐treated migraine attack group. Ibuprofen was well tolerated and no marked side effects were reported during the trial.
Post‐Traumatic Headache with Scintillating Scotoma Treated with Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Authors: Robbins Lawrence 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA post‐traumatic headache patient was experiencing “flashing lights” in her visual field that correlated with sharp waves on the EEG. Phenytoin markedly improved the symptoms. The value of the EEG in post‐traumatic headaches is reviewed. The use of phenytoin in headache syndromes and in prevention of post‐traumatic epilepsy is discussed.
The Vascular “Cold Patch” is Not a Prognostic Index for Headache
Authors: Swerdlow Bernard , Dieter John Nathan 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISOur previous research has determined that the vascular “cold patch” is a valid diagnostic “marker” and is a persistent constituent of the thermal geography of the external carotid region. It has been suggested by DallaVolta and Anzola (1988) that the cold patch may be a prognostic index of vascular headache physiology; that is, as headaches improve through the use of vaso active prophylactic medication, the cold patch would decrease in size or disappear. The purpose of this study is an attempt to replicate these findings.Forty migraine patients were randomly selected, and a thermographic re‐examination of the external carotid region (forehead) was conducted. The post‐treatment thermogram was then compared to the initial pre‐treatment thermogram. Thirty subjects demonstrated an improved condition (IC) and ten subjects aworsened condition (WC). The IC Group exhibited a 73.2% reduction in headache frequency following a mean treatment period of 6.3 months. The WC Group demonstrated a 48.1% increase in headache occurrence at a mean treatment interval of fifteen months.Results demonstrated little thermographic difference between the two conditions. Within the IC Group,46.7% of subjects exhibited and increase in cold patch size with an improved condition, 40% of cold patches remained stable, 6.7% of cold patches reduced in size, and zero cold patches disappeared with successful treatment. Within the WC Group, 20% of cold patches decreased in size with a worsened condition, 40%increased in size, and 40% remained stable. Chi square analysis determined there was no significant difference in cold patch changes between patients whose headache condition improved or worsened (p<.70).Examination revealed that temperature changes across the entire facial pattern were responsible for cold patch fluctuations. Chi square analysis determined that cold patches had a tendency to increase in size as the overall facial temperature decreased, and cold patches had a tendency to decrease in size as the overall temperature rose. These overall temperature alterations are most likely the effects of vasoconstriction and vasodilatation. These findings are supported by our previous research.The results of this investigation suggests that the vascular cold patch is independent of prognosis and is most likely a permanent element of a vascular headache sufferer's facial thermal pattern.
Low Brain Magnesium in Migraine
Authors: Ramadan N.M. , Halvorson H. , Vande‐Linde A. , Levine Steven R. , Helpern J.A. , Welch K.M.A. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISBrain magnesium was measured in migraine patients and control subjects using in vivo 31‐PhosphorusNuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, pMg and pH were calculated from the chemical shifts between Pi, PCr and ATP signals. Magnesium levels were low during a migraine attack without changes in pH. We hypothesize that low brain magnesium is an important factor in the mechanism of the migraine attack.
Cryotherapy for Headache
Authors: Robbins Lawrence D. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSIS45 patients with migraine or migraine plus chronic daily headache evaluated the effectiveness of a coldwrap for headache relief. 35.5% judged it not effective, 29% judged it mildly effective, 26.5% found it moderately effective, and 9% judged it completely effective. Previous studies on ice treatment for headache are reviewed.
Platelet Norepinephrine and Serotonin Balance in Migraine
Authors: D'Andrea G. , Welch KMA , Grunfeld S. , Joseph Rajiv , NageI‐Leiby Sandra 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISPlatelet serotonin (5 hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT) and norepinephrine (NE) were measured in common and classic migraine patients and healthy controls. Common migraine sufferers had high NE levels and a low 5‐HT/NE ratio. Classic migraine patients had a high 5‐HT level and a high 5‐HT/NE ratio. The data suggest disparate NE and 5‐HT metabolism between common and classic migraine.
Shifting Priorities: Congressional Incentives and the Homeland Security Granting Process
Authors: Roberts Patrick S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSmall states receive more homeland security grant money per capita than large states because of the structure of representation and decision making in Congress. Beyond per capita allocations, the homeland security granting process affects the structure of state and local emergency management agencies, shifting priorities away from natural and technological disasters toward counterterrorism. I suggest using competitive grants, increasing the salience of the granting process, and changing the institutional setting in order to rationalize the granting process.
United States’ Narco‐Terrorism Policy: A Contingency Approach to the Convergence of the Wars on Drugs and Against Terrorism
Authors: Dolan Chris J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn recent years, terrorist organizations have become increasingly dependent on drug trafficking as one of several primary sources of revenue to fund terrorist activities. In response, the United States’ security and intelligence efforts against narco‐terrorism have increasingly merged into one unified policy approach. Moreover, the convergence of United States policy wars against terrorism and illicit drugs have produced complex and dynamic contingency factors. As a result, a relatively coherent nexus now exists between the United States’ antinarcotics and antiterrorist policies. The objective of this article is to explain and assess the contingency factors and implications resulting from this convergence and to provide policy scholars with an analytical perspective into the implications of the United States’ narco‐terrorism policy. It is believed that this article is significant to both policy practitioners and policy scholars concerned with the domestic impact of the United States’ narco‐terrorism policy.
The Evolution and Devolution of Speed Limit Law and the Effect on Fatality Rates
Authors: Yowell Robert O. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe three most recent decades provide an outstanding opportunity to study the changing federalist landscape concerning the regulation of speed on the nation's highways. Speed limits were the province of the states until the 1970s when, in an effort to save energy, the central government nationalized the maximum speed at 55 miles per hour. The national standard remained until the 1980s, when a partial devolution transferred some power to set speed limits back to the individual states. At that time, states could increase the maximum speed to 65 miles per hour on (at fewest) four‐lane, controlled access highways in low population density areas. Some states elected to loosen the limits within their borders, while others did not, citing concerns of highway safety as paramount. The 1990s saw the complete devolution of speed limit control to the states, when Congress returned to the states unlimited control. States reacted differently in both of the two latter phases, providing a fruitful landscape for comparative analysis of the effects of the devolution of speed limit control.The focus of this research is to examine which states raised the speed limits at the two stages of devolution, and what the subsequent effects were. I examine the issue of highway safety as a consequence of speed limit change, comparing states to elucidate differences to determine effects. Analysis of highway deaths per mile driven indicates that the nationalization of the 55 miles per hour contributed to an initial greater decline in the former than had been the trend, but the long‐term decreasing trend pattern reemerged following the shock of the change in federal speed limit policy. Additionally, the speed limit devolution and resulting raising of speed limits in certain states did not lead to a statistically significant rise in fatalities per miles driven. Automobile safety features and enforcement emerge as important factors in increasing highway safety; speed limits are far less important.
Welfare Reform and Models of Public Policy: Why Policy Sciences Are Required
Authors: Levin‐Waldman Oren M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPolicy could be studied on the basis of three different models: ideological, social science, and policy sciences. Policy in accordance with ideology may not necessarily rely on solid rigorous research to back it up. Policy made solely in accordance with a rigorous social science model might be able to demonstrate a causal relationship between a given policy and desired outcomes, and in the process establish a clear role for good research in the policy process. But it often fails to account for the larger social and political context in which policy is formulated. Good policy should be based on rigorous social science research, while also factoring in the values of the broader society, that is, ideology. This would imply that in order to bridge the gap, that good policy should be formulated in accordance with the policy sciences model because it connects the rigorous methodology of the social sciences with the larger social policy context, that is, the broader policy process. When analyzing the reform of 1996 within the framework of these models, it becomes clear that while the legislation is highly ideological, it is not based on any serious research that would satisfy the criteria of the social science model. It fails the policy sciences model, in part, because its absence of clearly defined objectives, or a single objective, makes the task of measurement difficult. On the contrary, this legislation is a good example of why the policy community would do better to rely more on the policy sciences.
The spatial dynamics of pollen beetles in relation to inflorescence growth stage of oilseed rape: implications for trap crop strategies
Authors: Frearson David J.T. , Ferguson Andrew W. , Campbell James M. , Williams Ingrid H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSemi‐field‐scale arrays of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) (Brassicaceae) plants were used to observe the development of distributions of pollen beetles (Meligethes aeneus Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in a simulated trap crop system where inflorescence growth stage alone was used to manipulate the pest. Over two successive years, pairs of 1 m spaced square arrays of 100 glasshouse‐grown plants were placed 40 m apart in the field in May, and were subject to natural infestation by pollen beetles. The test plot of each pair had a simulated trap crop, with an outer row of plants at early flowering stage intended to protect more susceptible inner plants at late bud stage, and the control plot had all plants at the late‐bud stage, simulating a standard crop situation. Pollen beetles were counted daily on each plant for 10–13 days. The spatio‐temporal development of plot infestation was analysed in relation to the distribution of racemes in bud and raceme in flowers using Spatial Analysis by Distance IndicEs (SADIE), and tests of edge and centre distribution. Inflorescence growth stage characteristics were shown to be important in determining the spatial distributions of pollen beetles. In control plots, the numbers of racemes in bud and in flower were never edge or centre distributed. In test plots, racemes in flower were always edge distributed, and racemes in bud began edge distributed and became centre distributed. Pollen beetle numbers were usually spatially associated with the abundance of racemes in bud and/or in flower. In control plots, pollen beetles were neither edge nor centre distributed, but in test plots they maintained a significant edge distribution for 7–10 days. At the end of the experiments, females were more centre distributed in the test plots than males, and were more closely associated with racemes with buds, whereas males were more associated with racemes with flowers. In early flowering stage plants, the number of racemes in flowers were a good indicator of the abundance of racemes in buds, but this relationship was lost as flowering progressed. Although flowering racemes provide strong cues for immigrating pollen beetles, the abundance of buds may be a more important determinant of residence time, particularly for females, and is therefore a critical determinant of trap crop effectiveness.
Quantification of diapausing fourth generation and suicidal fifth generation cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, in cotton and corn in northern China
Authors: Ge Feng , Chen Fa‐jun , Parajulee Megha N. , Yardim Erdal N. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a major pest of cotton and corn crops in northern China. A phenological differentiation between fourth generation cotton bollworms from cotton and those from corn fields was observed in northern China during 1999–2000. The proportion of pupation in late fall was marginally higher in cotton fields compared to that in corn fields; however, the proportions of fall emergence of moths from cotton fields were significantly higher than those from corn fields. The proportion of spring emergence of moths was also significantly higher for larvae collected from cotton (28.0%) than from corn (14.5%). The overwintering duration of females was significantly shorter than that of males in both crops. Moreover, the overwintering duration of bollworm populations from cotton was significantly longer than that from corn. The early spring population of H. armigera came from both cotton and corn fields, but the spring emergence of moths from larvae collected from cotton took about 5 days longer to reach 100% emergence compared to that from corn.
Oviposition preference and larval performance of North American monarch butterflies on four Asclepias species
Authors: Ladner Deborah T. , Altizer Sonia 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMonarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), occur world‐wide and are specialist herbivores of plants in the milkweed family (Asclepiadaceae). In North America, two monarch populations breed east and west of the continental divide in areas populated by different host plant species. To examine the population variation in monarch responses to different Asclepias species, we measured oviposition preference and larval performance among captive progeny reared from adult butterflies collected in eastern and western North America. Host plant use was evaluated using two milkweed species widely distributed in eastern North America (A. incarnata and A. syriaca), and two species common to western North America (A. fascicularis and A. speciosa). We predicted that exposure to different host plant species in their respective breeding ranges could select for divergent host use traits, so that monarchs should preferentially lay more eggs on, and larvae should perform better on, milkweed species common to their native habitats. Results showed that across all adult female butterflies, oviposition preferences were highest for A. incarnata and lowest for A. fascicularis, but mean preferences did not differ significantly between eastern and western monarch populations. Larvae from both populations experienced the highest survival and growth rates on A. incarnata and A. fascicularis, and we again found no significant interactions between monarch source population and milkweed species. Moreover, the average rank order of larval performance did not correspond directly to mean female oviposition preferences, suggesting that additional factors beyond larval performance influence monarch oviposition behavior. Finally, significant family level variation was observed for both preference and performance responses within populations, suggesting an underlying genetic variation or maternal effects governing these traits.