bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-scale distributed photovoltaic cluster partition method based on SLM algorithm
Authors: Wang Ziyuan , Gao Qingzhong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The traditional distribution network with centralized control faces the problems of communication delay, large amount of calculation and too many control devices. This research offers a distributed power cluster division technique based on Smart Local Moving (SLM) to overcome the problem of challenging regulation of distributed power supply in modern distribution networks. First of all, on the basis of the modularity division standard, introduce the comprehensive cluster division index of intra-group reactive power and active matching degree index, so as to ensure the strength of the cluster structure on the basis of making it have a certain degree of voltage regulation capability. Secondly, the cluster division scheme of distributed power supply is formed based on SLM algorithm. Lastly, the feasibility and efficacy of the suggested method are validated using IEEE33 cluster partitioning.
Optimal dispatching of wind turbine-photovoltaic-pumped storage new energies and thermal generators combined distribution network
Authors: Zhao Duoxian , Ma Ming , Yuan Chen , Lv Qingquan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper mainly investigates the optimal dispatching problem of the combined distribution network consisting of wind turbine generators (WTGs), photovoltaic generators (PVGs), pumped storage generators (PSGs) and thermal generators (TGs). According to the load demand in the distribution network and the output conditions of different renewable energy generators, PSGs and TGs, a joint optimal dispatching model based on the operation cost of the distribution network is set up. Based on the power flow model of second-order cone relaxation (SOCR) technology, the nonlinear constraints on voltage and current in the distribution network are linearized, so as to solve the cost optimization scheduling problem more efficiently. Finally, an improved IEEE33-node distribution network is used as the basic grid model for simulation analysis, so as to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Event-driven based simulation method for security and stability control strategies of power system
Authors: Zhou Bo , Sun Xinwei , Wang Yongkang , Xu Yunyang , Huang Shaowei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Since the security and stability control strategies (SSCSs) play a pivotal role in maintaining system stability, devising the strategies accurately and reliably is of great significance. Currently, SSCSs are typically formulated according to the ‘offline simulation and online matching’ approach. However, existing commercial simulation software is difficult to simulate the dynamic triggering mechanisms and intricate control logic of SSCSs. To simulate the set of SSCSs systematically and comprehensively, this paper has proposed an event-driven approach for simulations. Firstly, the SSCS is modeled as an event-driven model containing three elements: event, event listening, and event processing. Then, on the basis of the event triggering mechanism presented in this paper, the complex control logics of SSCSs, such as the prioritization of tripping generators, are implemented. Through event-driven models of SSCSs and subsequent utilization of the event-triggered mechanism, independent and dynamic responses of SSCSs can be realized, thus avoiding interference in the simulation of multiple SSCSs. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified based on the IEEE 39-bus system.
Eight-channel signal synchronous acquisition system based on PCI and LabVIEW
Authors: Wang Xuan , Chen Guochu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In response to the multi-channel acquisition of the power grid simulator data collection system, this article builds a 8-channel signal synchronization acquisition system based on PCI-1706U and LabView, which introduces the characteristics of PCI-1706U hardware and LabView software DAQ system. A LabView DAQ program that uses the PCI-1706U to collect 8-way signal from the signal generator, complete the experiments of multi-channel synchronous acquisition and delayed start to collection, verify the feasibility and stability of the system, and analyzed the collected signals. Finally, the main work and innovation points of the thesis are summarized, and suggestions and outlook for future improvement are given. This study provides an effective implementation method based on PCI-1706U and LabView multi-channel signal synchronous acquisition system and delay acquisition function, with certain application value and promotion space.
Study on the conductivity of proppant in shale reservoir
Authors: Wen Xiaoyong , Huang Penggang , Zhang Yu , Chen Jingyang , Dou Liangbin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
At present, in the process of developing shale reservoirs by hydraulic fracturing, proppants play a critical role in the overall fracturing effect. Therefore, accurately evaluating the conductivity of different proppants determines the development effect of shale reservoirs. In this paper, proppant screening is first carried out, and the conductivity of four different proppants under laying concentration and closing pressure is studied, including 10-20 mesh quartz sand proppants with non-standard particle size, and the influence of different factors on the embedding degree is analyzed. It is concluded that the bearing capacity of ceramsite proppant is usually 2-3 times stronger than that of quartz sand. The larger the particle size of quartz sand proppant is and the higher the concentration of sand is, the stronger the conductivity is. When the closed pressure of large-size quartz sand is less than 30 MPa, the laying concentration of 14 kg/m2 can obtain higher conductivity, and when it is greater than 30 MPa, 12 kg/m2 is more suitable for field application. The ceramsite proppant has been on the rise with the increase of closing pressure and sand concentration. The embedding depth gradually increases with the increase of closing pressure and the decrease of sand concentration. The embedding depth of shale is greater than that of sandstone, and the flow conductivity of proppant is usually lower than that of sandstone. According to the experimental results, large-size quartz sand has strong conductivity, but it is not easy to migrate and has poor bearing capacity. Therefore, large-size quartz sand proppant can be used in the low-pressure part near the well, supplemented by small-size quartz sand (40-70 mesh) to obtain better fracturing results. This study provides some technical guidance for shale reservoir development and shale fracturing dessert identification.
A simple zero-voltage switching technique for a single-phase inverter based on bi-directional inductor current
Authors: Wu Hongxue , Zhao Lei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The majority of soft-switching inverters often use auxiliary semiconductor switches that run for extremely brief periods to provide ZVS conditions for the main switches, potentially raising the inverter system’s cost. This work presented a simple zero-voltage switching (ZVS) approach by employing a bi-directional inductor current for the single-phase inverter, which reduced the cost of auxiliary switches and simplified the soft-switching inverter design. All switches can achieve ZVS operation without additional resonant components. The conventional PWM control strategies are applied in the proposed technique, and thus the problems existing in variable switching frequency converters are removed. This article describes the soft-switching approach and detailed circuit functioning. Different key parameters are optimized to improve efficiency. To confirm the suggested ZVS method, a hardware inverter prototype is created, built, and tested. To validate the inverter’s characteristics and validity, experimental results are presented.
Big data analysis method based on time series temperature field data of substation transformer
Authors: Zhang Yubo , Lu Yufeng , Zhang Wei , Liu Xu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Transformers are one of the main electrical equipment in the power system, and their operating status directly determines the safety, stability, and reliability of the power supply in the power system. The temperature or temperature rise of a transformer is the most important technical parameter that describes the operating status (accidents, faults, and abnormal operation) of the transformer. The following mainly introduces that the monitoring area is gridded by modeling the three-dimensional reality of the transformer, and then the collected infrared temperature data is accurately mapped into the monitoring grid in three dimensions to form the patrol time sequence temperature big data. Through trend analysis, temperature difference and temperature rise analysis, temperature field gradient analysis and other models, the equipment temperature hidden danger detection focusing on prevention is realized.
A wind power ramp event detection method based on eigenvalue correction and trend integration
Authors: Wang Jin , Wu Huajian , Gao Bing , Ma Ruijie , Chen Lei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Wind power ramp events have the characteristic of small probability and big hazard, so it is significant to improve the recognition rate and accuracy of ramp events for the safe and stable operation of the power grid. In order to improve the efficiency of ramp event detection, a wind power ramp event detection method based on eigenvalue evaluation correction and trend integration is proposed by combining the feature information of ramp events. The original wind power data is extracted with extreme value feature points and corrected with eigenvalue evaluation to achieve the trend feature extraction effect. In order to avoid being affected by small power jitter events, a trend labeling method is used to integrate the correction sequences. The actual wind power data of a wind farm in Xinjiang is used as an example for ramp event detection. The results of the case show that compared with the original swinging door algorithm, the proposed method has both better trend extraction effect and can avoid the influence of power small jitter events, and can more accurately and more completely identify ramp events.
Permanent magnet synchronous motor stator flux trajectory tracking control based on switching time correction
Authors: Xiao Yeran , Shao Junbo , Wang Dingquan , Qiu Changqing , Ji Kai 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, aiming at the problems that the existing stator flux trajectory tracking control method often needs to design complex fundamental wave component observers and the switching time correction based on steady-state solution lacks accurate theoretical calculation equations, a permanent magnet synchronous motor stator flux trajectory tracking control method using optimal PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) is proposed. The outer loop is the speed regulator, whose output is combined with the flux linkage of the permanent magnet of the motor as the reference vector of the stator flux linkage. And the motor speed with the rotor position is combined to calculate the amplitude and phase angle of the reference stator voltage vector, which is used to optimize PWM pulse mode and to determine switching action. Meanwhile, the switching time of optimal PWM is corrected in real time through the stator flux deviation to eliminate the deviation between the stator flux reference value and the actual value. This method does not need to estimate the fundamental component of voltage, current or flux linkage. And unlike the traditional vector method, there is no current inner loop, which can significantly improve the dynamic response speed while simplifying the control structure. Simulation and experiments also fully verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Low voltage ride through control strategy of permanent magnet wind turbine based on improved virtual synchronous generator control
Authors: Jiang Zhixian , Zheng Wenna , Mei Jiale , Liu Xiaoling 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Aiming at the shortcomings of traditional low voltage control strategies for permanent magnet wind turbines in supporting microgrid stability and the inability of traditional virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control to ride through voltage drops, this paper proposes an improved control low voltage ride through (LVRT) strategy based on traditional low voltage control and VSG control methods. This strategy switches to reactive priority mode during the LVRT period, enabling VSG control to have LVRT function and meet the LVRT requirements standards. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the strategy.
Test and performance of the LiTE-DTU ASIC for the HL-LHC upgrade of the CMS ECAL barrel
Authors: Cossio Fabio ,   the CMS collaboration
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A data conversion and compression ASIC, named LiTE-DTU, has been developed for the upgrade of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) for the High-Luminosity phase of LHC. The ASIC integrates two 12-bit 160 MS/s ADCs, a data processing unit for gain selection and data compression, and a 1.28 Gb/s serializer.
The ASIC has been extensively tested in laboratory and in beam tests showing excellent yield and performance. The radiation tolerance has been verified with dedicated test campaigns for both total ionizing dose and single event effects. Results from these tests, showing the design readiness for mass production, will be presented.
Utilizing sustainable hemp biomass as an eco-friendly for potentially toxic elements removal from water
Authors: Üstün-Odabaşı Sevde 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Potentially toxic elements in water is one of the important environmental problems. In this study, it was aimed to produce an environmentally friendly and cost-effective biosorbent using sustainable hemp biomass. The chemical composition of hemp biosorbents was characterized by FTIR, SEM, and XRD, and the results showed that the biosorbent could be a good alternative. A batch system was used to investigate the effects of initial concentration, pH, contact time, and temperature on the removal performance of Cu (II) and Zn (II) ions. The statistical analysis was performed, and the amount of adsorbed substance, kinetic values, and experiment results were evaluated for suitability. Kinetic data determined the best fit to pseudo-second-order kinetics for Cu (II) and Zn (II) ions. Adsorption determined the Langmuir model for Cu (II) ions and the Freundlich model for Zn (II) ions. The maximum adsorption capacity in the batch system was determined as 25.59 mg/g for Cu (II) and 12.97 mg/g for Zn (II) ions. The obtained thermodynamic data confirmed the endothermic nature of the adsorption. In desorption studies, after three cycles, the adsorption efficiency decreased from 83.3% to 52.8% for Cu (II) and from 82.1% to 49.7% for Zn (II). Study results showed that hemp biosorbent may be an alternative adsorbent that can be used to remove PTEs from wastewater.
Thermoelectric properties of the bismuth oxychalcogenides Bi2SO2, Bi2SeO2 and Bi2TeO2
Authors: Flitcroft J M , Althubiani A , Skelton J M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We present a detailed theoretical study of the thermoelectric properties of the bismuth oxychalcogenides Bi2ChO2 (Ch = S, Se, Te). The electrical transport is modelled using semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory with electronic structures from hybrid density-functional theory, including an approximate model for the electron lifetimes. The lattice thermal conductivity is calculated using first-principles phonon calculations with an explicit treatment of anharmonicity, yielding microscopic insight into how partial replacement of the chalcogen in the bismuth chalcogenides impacts the phonon transport. We find very good agreement between the predicted transport properties and a favourable cancellation of errors that allows for near-quantitative predictions of the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT. Our calculations suggest recent experiments on n-doped Bi2SeO2 have achieved close to the largest ZT possible in bulk materials, whereas the largest reported ZT for Bi2TeO2 could be improved sixfold by optimising the carrier concentration. We also predict that much larger ZT > 2.5, competitive with the benchmark thermoelectric SnSe, could be obtained for Bi2SO2 and Bi2SeO2 with heavy p-type doping. This study demonstrates the predictive power of this modelling approach for studying thermoelectrics and highlights several avenues for improving the performance of the Bi2ChO2.
Quantum machine learning for image classification
Authors: Senokosov Arsenii , Sedykh Alexandr , Sagingalieva Asel , Kyriacou Basil , Melnikov Alexey 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Image classification, a pivotal task in multiple industries, faces computational challenges due to the burgeoning volume of visual data. This research addresses these challenges by introducing two quantum machine learning models that leverage the principles of quantum mechanics for effective computations. Our first model, a hybrid quantum neural network with parallel quantum circuits, enables the execution of computations even in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era, where circuits with a large number of qubits are currently infeasible. This model demonstrated a record-breaking classification accuracy of 99.21% on the full MNIST dataset, surpassing the performance of known quantum–classical models, while having eight times fewer parameters than its classical counterpart. Also, the results of testing this hybrid model on a Medical MNIST (classification accuracy over 99%), and on CIFAR-10 (classification accuracy over 82%), can serve as evidence of the generalizability of the model and highlights the efficiency of quantum layers in distinguishing common features of input data. Our second model introduces a hybrid quantum neural network with a Quanvolutional layer, reducing image resolution via a convolution process. The model matches the performance of its classical counterpart, having four times fewer trainable parameters, and outperforms a classical model with equal weight parameters. These models represent advancements in quantum machine learning research and illuminate the path towards more accurate image classification systems.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor–related colitis in patients on immunotherapy for cancer
Authors: Sun Belinda L , Elliott Alexis S , Nolte David , Sun Xiaoguang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Immune checkpoint inhibitors, a revolutionary class of cancer immunotherapy drugs, have transformed cancer treatment by bolstering antitumor immunity for various advanced-stage solid cancers. The US Food and Drug Administration has approved 7 immune checkpoint inhibitors that target 3 major immune checkpoint proteins: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated protein 4, programmed cell death 1 protein, and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1. In addition to their remarkable efficacy, however, these inhibitors have been observed causing immune-related adverse events, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitor–related colitis, which often results in severe or life-threatening clinical issues.

Methods
The diagnosis of immune checkpoint inhibitor–related colitis relies on incorporation of clinical evaluation as well as endoscopic and histopathologic examination, with exclusion of other potential etiologies.

Results
The common histopathologic manifestations of immune checkpoint inhibitor–related colitis are acute active colitis, chronic active colitis, microscopic colitis (collagenous or lymphocytic), and ischemic colitis, with patterns overlapping. Notably, enterocyte apoptosis is a unique feature of immune checkpoint inhibitor toxicity. The proposed mechanisms for the pathogenesis of immune checkpoint inhibitor–related colitis are primarily associated with autoimmune-type dysregulation and gut microbiome alteration. This review summarizes the clinical and pathologic characteristics of immune checkpoint inhibitor–related colitis and elucidates its underlying pathogenic mechanisms.

Conclusions
Future successful management of this form of colitis relies on our comprehension of the intricate interplay between tumoral and systemic immune responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors and innovative approaches to modify these responses, along with specific immune cell populations, to preclude immune-related adverse events while achieving antitumor therapeutic outcomes.
A 120-Minute Saline Infusion Test for the Confirmation of Primary Aldosteronism: A Pilot Study
Authors: Golani Tiran , Bleier Jonathan , Kaplan Alon , Hod Tammy , Sharabi Yehonatan , Leibowitz Avshalom , Grossman Ehud , Shlomai Gadi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The saline infusion test (SIT) to confirm primary aldosteronism requires infusing 2 L of normal saline over 240 minutes. Previous studies raised concerns regarding increased blood pressure and worsening hypokalemia during SIT. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic applicability of a SIT that requires 1 L of saline infusion over 120 minutes.

METHODS
A cross-sectional study, including all patients in a large medical center who underwent SIT from 1 January 2015 to 30 April 2023. Blood samples were drawn for baseline renin and aldosterone (t = 0) after 2 hours (t = 120 min) and after 4 hours (t = 240 min) of saline infusion. We used ROC analysis to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of various aldosterone cut-off values at t = 120 to confirm primary aldosteronism.

RESULTS
The final analysis included 62 patients. A ROC analysis yielded 97% specificity and 90% sensitivity for a plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) of 397 pmol/L (14 ng/dL) at t = 120 to confirm primary aldosteronism, and an area under the curve of 0.97 (95% CI [0.93, 1.00], P &lt; 0.001). Almost half (44%) of the patients did not suppress PAC below 397 pmol/L (14 ng/dL) at t = 120. Of them, only one (4%) patient suppressed PAC below 276 pmol/L (10 ng/dL) at t = 240. Mean systolic blood pressure increased from 140.1 ± 21.3 mm Hg at t = 0 to 147.6 ± 14.5 mm Hg at t = 240 (P = 0.011).

CONCLUSIONS
A PAC of 397 pmol/L (14 ng/dL) at t = 120 has high sensitivity and specificity for primary aldosteronism confirmation.