bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Impact of Interfacial Layers on Device Performance of Highly Stable Cs2InBiBr6Based Double Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Meng Guolong , Elumalai Naveen Kumar , Mehdizadeh‐Rad Hooman , Ram Kiran Sreedhar , Setsoafia Daniel Dodzi Yao , Ompong David 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPerovskite solar cells, a third‐generation photovoltaic technology, have recently emerged as a game‐changing innovation. However, lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal, and it is crucial to explore lead‐free perovskite solar cells with continuously improving efficiency for long‐term development. Recently, materials researchers have discovered a lead‐free double perovskite solar cell material, Cs2InBiBr6with a small direct bandgap of 1.27 eV and strong thermodynamic and mechanical structural stability. The power conversion efficiency of Cs2InBiBr6‐based perovskite solar cells is not reported yet. To investigate its potential, a solar cell capacitance simulator to analyze the solar cell structure of FTO (Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide)/ETL (Electron Transport Layer)/Cs2InBiBr6/HTL (Hole Transport Layer)/Au, selecting appropriate hole transport materials and electron transmission materials to achieve high efficiency is used. Moreover, this study explores the impact of several factors, including absorber layer thickness, acceptor and donor doping density, and the influence of total defect density of the perovskite and interface layers on the performance of solar cells. Advanced device characterization methods such as Mott‐Schottky analysis are performed to unravel the effect of interfaces on the device performance. The solar cell with the device structure FTO/TiO2/Cs2InBiBr6/Cu2O/Au achieves an outstanding PCE of 23.64% demonstrating the immense potential of Cs2InBiBr6as a lead‐free double perovskite solar cell absorber layer.
Toward Highly Efficient Solution‐Processable OLEDs: Inkjet Printing of TADF Emissive Layer
Authors: Cinquino Marco , Prontera Carmela Tania , Maggiore Antonio , Zizzari Alessandra , Pugliese Marco , Mariano Fabrizio , Valenzano Vitantonio , Palamà Ilaria Elena , Manfredi Riccardo , Gigli Giuseppe , Maiorano Vincenzo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe fabrication of optoelectronic devices using low‐cost inkjet printing techniques is a topic of great interest to the scientific and industrial community and represents a step toward the full deployment of solution‐processable organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), particularly for commercial lighting and signaling applications. Herein, the inkjet printing of tBuCzDBA (9,10‐bis(4‐(3,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)−2,6‐dimethylphenyl)−9,10‐diboraanthracene) is reported, a high‐performing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter for OLEDs. Optimizing the surface tension values of the ink formulations and the associated wetting behavior are crucial parameters for achieving a uniform and homogeneous printed thin film. In particular, it is observed that using a proper mixture of solvents with different surface tensions, it is possible to generate Marangoni flows inside the drop, which triggers a very fast drying process, ensuring optimized morphological and optical properties in the inkjet printed tBuCzDBA‐based film. OLEDs exploiting this film as an emissive layer are then fabricated, achieving a maximum luminance of 32 000 cd m−2, a current efficiency of 27.5 cd A−1, and an external quantum efficiencyof 10%. To the best of the knowledge, this is the highest efficiency reported to date for self‐hosted TADF inkjet‐printed OLEDs.
The Origin of Strain Effects on Sulfur Redox Electrocatalyst for Lithium Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhao Chenghao , Huang Yang , Jiang Bo , Chen Zhaoyu , Yu Xianbo , Sun Xun , Zhou Hao , Zhang Yu , Zhang Naiqing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroducing strain is considered an effective strategy to enhance the catalytic activity of host material in lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSB). However, the introduction of strain through chemical methods often inevitably leads to changes in chemical composition and phase structure, making it difficult to truly reveal the essence and root cause of catalytic activity enhancement. In this paper, strain into MoS2 is introduced through a simple heat treatment and quenching. Experimental research and theoretical analysis show that the strain raises parts of antibonding orbitals in Mo─S bonds above the Fermi level and weakens Li─S and S─S bonds, resulting in tight anchoring and accelerating the conversion for lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). The cells based on the MoS2 with high strain delivers an initial discharge specific capacity as high as 1265 mAh g−1 under 0.2 C and a low average capacity fading of 0.041% per cycle during 1500 cycles under 1 C. This research work deeply reveals the origin of strain effects in the reaction process of LSB, providing important design principles and references for the rational design of high‐performance catalytic materials in the future.
Hole Transporting Bilayers for Efficient Micrometer‐Thick Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Yueming , Akel Samah , Klingebiel Benjamin , Kirchartz Thomas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAchieving high efficiencies in halide perovskite solar cells with thicknesses >1 µm is necessary for developing perovskite‐Si tandem cells based on small pyramidal structures. To achieve this goal, not only is the perovskite layer quality to be optimized but also the properties of the charge‐transport layers must be tuned to reduce charge‐collection losses. The transport layers provide a non‐ohmic resistance that modulates the Fermi‐level splitting inside the perovskite absorber. The finite conductivity of the transport layers can lead to losses in the fill factor (FF) and short‐circuit current, even at infinite charge‐carrier mobility in the absorber layer. These losses notably scale with the absorber layer thickness, which implies that higher‐conductivity transport layers are required for thicker perovskite absorbers. One strategy to improve charge collection and thereby FFs in thick inverted perovskite solar cells is to use bilayers of hole‐transport layers. In this study, the combination of poly[bis(4‐phenyl) (2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)amine] with self‐assembled monolayers provides the best photovoltaic performance in single‐junction devices.
An In situ Proton Filter Covalent Organic Framework Catalyst for Highly Efficient Aqueous Electrochemical Ammonia Production
Authors: Ranjeesh Kayaramkodath C. , Kaur Sukhjot , Mohammed Abdul K. , Gaber Safa , Gupta Divyani , Badawy Khaled , Aslam Mohamed , Singh Nirpendra , Skorjanc Tina , Finšgar Matjaž , Raya Jésus , Nagaiah Tharamani C. , Shetty Dinesh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) driven by renewable electricity provides a green synthesis route for ammonia (NH3) production under ambient conditions but suffers from a low conversion yield and poor Faradaic efficiency (F.E.) because of strong competition from hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the poor solubility of N2 in aqueous systems. Herein, an in situ proton filter covalent organic framework catalyst (Ru‐Tta‐Dfp) is reported with inherent Ruthenium (Ru) sites where the framework controls reactant diffusion by suppressing proton supply and enhancing N2 flux, causing highly selective and efficient catalysis. The smart catalyst design results in a remarkable ammonia production yield rate of 2.03 mg h−1 mgcat−1 with an excellent F.E. of ≈52.9%. The findings are further endorsed with the help of molecular dynamics simulations and control COF systems without in situ proton filter feasibility. The results point to a paradigm shift in engineering high‐performance NRR electrocatalysts for more feasible green NH3 production.
Exploring the characteristics and health outcomes of working from home: Analysis of 2021 California Health Interview Survey data
Authors: Park Sungwon , Park Chang Gi , Hong OiSaeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundWorking from home (WFH) may affect health behaviors and mental health. The coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic saw many US employees transition to WFH, which has persisted in various job sectors and significantly impacted employees. However, its effects on health outcomes have remained unclear. We aimed to explore the characteristics and health outcomes of, and health‐related differences between, WFH and not‐WFH groups.MethodsUsing the 2021 California Health Interview Survey data, we analyzed health behaviors (smoking, alcohol consumption, and fruit‐related nutrition) and the mental health status of 12,438 individuals using descriptive statistics, Pearson's χ2 test, and regressions.ResultsA total of 39% were WFH and 61% were not‐WFH. Overall, the WFH group had worse health behaviors and mental health than the not‐WFH group. Age was associated with smoking in both groups (WFH: b = 0.37; not‐WFH: b = 0.35), but with fruit‐related nutrition only in the WFH group. Household income and occupation were associated with alcohol consumption in both groups. Age (WFH: b = −1.58; not‐WFH: b = −1.39), household income (WFH: b = −0.75; not‐WFH: b = −0.34), and job duration (WFH: b = −0.34; not‐WFH: b = −0.40) were associated with mental health in both groups; those who were younger and had lower household incomes and job durations had worse mental health.ConclusionHealth management is a clear necessity for the WFH group. Irrespective of WFH status, young workers with shorter than 5 years' job duration reported mental distress, highlighting a need for distress assessment and management for the young workforce.
Point‐of‐care ultrasound to diagnose acute cholecystitis in the emergency department: A scoping review
Authors: Joyce Alexander , Snelling Peter J , Elsayed Tarek , Keijzers Gerben 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroduction/PurposeUltrasound is the first‐line imaging modality for suspected acute cholecystitis. This can be radiology‐performed ultrasound or point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS). POCUS can potentially streamline patient assessment in the emergency department (ED). The primary objective was to evaluate the literature for the diagnostic accuracy of POCUS performed for acute cholecystitis in the ED. Secondary objectives were to assess the effect of POCUS operator training on diagnostic accuracy for acute cholecystitis, utility of POCUS measurement of the common bile duct and POCUS impact on resource utilisation.MethodsA systematic scoping review of articles was conducted using Medline, Embase, CENTRAL and CINAHL. Original studies of adults with POCUS performed for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis in the ED were included. The study was reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist (PRISMA‐ScR).ResultsA total of 1090 publications were identified. Forty‐six met the eligibility criteria. Studies were thematically grouped into categories according to specified objectives. Point‐of‐care ultrasound was of acceptable but variable accuracy, contributed to by the absence of a consistent reference standard and uniform training requirements. It may positively impact ED resource utilisation through reduced ED length of stay and radiology‐performed imaging, whilst improving patient experience.ConclusionThis review highlights the heterogeneity of existing research, emphasising the need for standardisation of training and reference standards in order to precisely define the utility of POCUS for acute cholecystitis in the ED and its benefits on ED resource utilisation.
Disparate Dementia Risk Factors Are Associated with Cognitive Impairment and Rates of Decline in African Americans
Authors: Lachner Christian , Craver Emily C. , Babulal Ganesh M. , Lucas John A. , Ferman Tanis J. , White Richard O. , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Day Gregory S. 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to evaluate the frequency of modifiable dementia risk factors and their association with cognitive impairment and rate of decline in diverse participants engaged in studies of memory and aging.MethodsModifiable dementia risk factors and their associations with cognitive impairment and cognitive decline were determined in community‐dwelling African American (AA; n = 261) and non‐Hispanic White (nHW; n = 193) participants who completed ≥2 visits at the Mayo Clinic Alzheimer Disease Research Center in Jacksonville, Florida. Risk factors and their associations with cognitive impairment (global Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] ≥ 0.5) and rates of decline (CDR Sum of Boxes) in impaired participants were compared in AA and nHW participants, controlling for demographics, APOE ɛ4 status, and Area Deprivation Index.ResultsHypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and diabetes were overrepresented in AA participants, but were not associated with cognitive impairment. Depression was associated with increased odds of cognitive impairment in AA (odds ratio [OR] = 4.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.13–8.67) and nHW participants (OR = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.21–6.44) but uniquely associated with faster decline in AA participants (β = 1.71, 95% CI = 0.69–2.73, p = 0.001). Fewer AA participants reported antidepressant use (9/49, 18%) than nHW counterparts (57/78, 73%, p < 0.001). Vitamin B12 deficiency was also associated with an increased rate of cognitive decline in AA participants (β = 2.65, 95% CI = 0.38–4.91, p = 0.023).InterpretationModifiable dementia risk factors are common in AA and nHW participants, representing important risk mitigation targets. Depression was associated with dementia in AA and nHW participants, and with accelerated declines in cognitive function in AA participants. Optimizing depression screening and treatment may improve cognitive trajectories and outcomes in AA participants. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:518–529
FXTAS Neuropathology Includes Widespread Reactive Astrogliosis and White Matter Specific Astrocyte Degeneration
Authors: Dufour Brett D. , Bartley Trevor , McBride Erin , Allen Erik , McLennan Yingratana A. , Hagerman Randi J. , Martínez‐Cerdeño Verónica 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveFragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a late‐onset progressive genetic neurodegenerative disorder that occurs in FMR1 premutation carriers. The temporal, spatial, and cell‐type specific patterns of neurodegeneration in the FXTAS brain remain incompletely characterized. Intranuclear inclusion bodies are the neuropathological hallmark of FXTAS, which are largest and occur most frequently in astrocytes, glial cells that maintain brain homeostasis. Here, we characterized neuropathological alterations in astrocytes in multiple regions of the FXTAS brain.MethodsStriatal and cerebellar sections from FXTAS cases (n = 12) and controls (n = 12) were stained for the astrocyte markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1L1 (ALDH1L1) using immunohistochemistry. Reactive astrogliosis severity, the prevalence of GFAP+ fragments, and astrocyte density were scored. Double label immunofluorescence was utilized to detect co‐localization of GFAP and cleaved caspase‐3.ResultsFXTAS cases showed widespread reactive gliosis in both grey and white matter. GFAP staining also revealed remarkably severe astrocyte pathology in FXTAS white matter – characterized by a significant and visible reduction in astrocyte density (−38.7% in striatum and − 32.2% in cerebellum) and the widespread presence of GFAP+ fragments reminiscent of apoptotic bodies. White matter specific reductions in astrocyte density were confirmed with ALDH1L1 staining. GFAP+ astrocytes and fragments in white matter were positive for cleaved caspase‐3, suggesting that apoptosis‐mediated degeneration is responsible for reduced astrocyte counts.InterpretationWe have established that FXTAS neuropathology includes robust degeneration of astrocytes, which is specific to white matter. Because astrocytes are essential for maintaining homeostasis within the central nervous system, a loss of astrocytes likely further exacerbates neuropathological progression of other cell types in the FXTAS brain. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:558–575
Photocatalytic Production of Ethanolamines and Ethylenediamines from Bio‐Polyols over a Cu/TiO2 Catalyst
Authors: Liu Meijiang , Li Hongji , Zhang Jian , Liu Huifang , Wang Feng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractValorization of biomass‐derived polyols into high‐value‐added ethanolamines and ethylenediamines is highly attractive. Herein, we report a one‐step photocatalytic protocol to convert bio‐polyols into a 60 % yield of ethanolamines and ethylenediamines over a multifunctional Cu/TiO2 catalyst. This catalyst enables a tandem process of photocatalytic polyol C−C bond cleavage and reductive amination in one pot at room temperature, and also allows the selective conversion of various bio‐polyols and amines. Mechanistic studies revealed that photogenerated holes in TiO2 promote the retro‐aldol C−C bond cleavage or oxidative dehydrogenation of polyols, and photogenerated electrons accumulate on small‐sized Cu clusters, which facilitate the reductive amination via hydrogen transfer and prevent the H2 generation. This strategy provides new opportunities for the development of non‐noble metal photocatalysts and methods of biomass conversion under mild conditions.
Defluorinative Alkylboration of Alkenes Enabled by Dual Photoredox and Copper Catalysis
Authors: Fan Yanmin , Huang Zhonghou , Lu Yi , Zhu Shengqing , Chu Lingling 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA regioselectivity reversed three‐component defluorinative alkylboration of alkenes with trifluoromethyls and bis(pinacolato)diboron via dual photoredox/copper catalysis is reported. The mild conditions are compatible with a wide array of nonactivated trifluoromethyl aromatics bearing electron‐donating or electron‐neutral substituents, trifluoroacetamides, and various nonactivated terminal and internal alkenes, enabling straightforward access to synthetically valuable γ‐gem‐difluoroalkyl boronates with high efficiency. Furthermore, this protocol is applicable to alkene‐tethered trifluoromethyl aromatics to furnish gem‐difluoromethylene‐containing cyclic compounds. Synthetic applications and preliminary mechanistic studies are also presented.
Carbonyl Olefin Metathesis and Dehydrogenative Cyclization of Aromatic Ketones and gem‐Difluoroalkenes
Authors: Zhang Yunxiao , Wang Jiaxin , Guo Youyuan , Liu Shanshan , Shen Xiao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe beauty of one‐pot cascade reaction lies in the efficient disconnection and construction of several bonds in a single reaction flask, without the isolation of any intermediates. Herein, we report the first photoinduced thermally promoted cascade reactions of readily available aromatic ketones and aromatic gem‐difluoroalkenes for the synthesis of phenanthrenes which possess potential utility in drug design and materials science. The reaction combines carbonyl‐olefin metathesis (cascade photoinduced [2+2] cyclization and thermally controlled retro [2+2] cyclization) and dehydrogenative cyclization (cascade photoinduced conrotatory 6π electrocyclization and collidine‐promoted dehydrogenative aromatization) together in one pot. The oxidant‐free, acid‐free and metal‐free reaction shows broad substrate scope and wide functional group tolerance.
Catalytic HF Shuttling between Fluoroalkanes and Alkynes**
Authors: Farley Shannon E. S. , Mulryan Daniel , Rekhroukh Feriel , Phanopoulos Andreas , Crimmin Mark R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we report BF3 ⋅ OEt2 as a catalyst to shuttle equivalents of HF from a fluoroalkane to an alkyne. Reactions of terminal and internal aliphatic alkynes led to formation of difluoroalkane products, while diarylalkynes can be selectively converted into fluoroalkenes. The method tolerates numerous sensitive functional groups including halogen, protected amine, ester and thiophene substituents. Mechanistic studies (DFT, probe experiments) suggest the catalyst is involved in both the defluorination and fluorination steps, with BF3 acting as a Lewis acid and OEt2 a weak Lewis base that mediates proton transfer. In certain cases, the interconversion of fluoroalkene and difluoroalkane products was found to be reversible. The new catalytic system was applied to demonstrate proof‐of‐concept recycling of poly(vinylidene difluoride).
Influence of aluminum nanoparticles in epoxy resin and epoxy coating for anticorrosion and antibacterial protection in pipeline industry
Authors: Samardžija Marina , Stojanović Ivan , Kurtela Marin , Alar Vesna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the present work, the effect of aluminum nanoparticles inside epoxy resin and epoxy paint for the purpose of extending the service life of drainage pipes. The nanocomposite samples were analyzed with scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x‐ray analysis (EDX) to evaluate the dispersion of nanoparticles. Performed quantitative tests including electrochemical techniques, such as the method of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to determine impedance resistance on macro and micro levels. The antibacterial resistance of the nanocomposite samples was tested in the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. All nanocomposite samples show an improvement in the measurement of impedance resistances and an increase in antibacterial effect by about 60% compared to the sample without nanoparticles.
Agarose‐sodium alginate hydrogel beads enhanced with zeolitic imidazolate frameworks/multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanoparticles for efficient adsorption and selective separation of methylene blue
Authors: Fu Chunli , Zhou Meng , Fu Heqing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe urgent problem to solve is how to design a kind of green and porous adsorbent that can effectively remove dye pollutants in the field of the sewage treatment. The objectives of this investigation are to incorporate zeolitic imidazolate frameworks‐8 (ZIF‐8) particles in situ onto the surface of multiwalled carbon tubes (MWCNTs) and integrate them into an agarose‐sodium alginate (ASA) double network hydrogel. The resulting composite hydrogel beads, denoted as MWCNTs/ZIF‐8/ASA (MZASA), are synthesized using calcium ion crosslinking. The addition of agarose is employed to create a dual‐crosslinked hydrogel, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of the ASA hydrogel. By incorporating MWCNTs/ZIF‐8 nanoparticles, the surface area of the MZASA hydrogel is augmented, leading to an enhancement in dye adsorption capacity. In batch sorption mode, the maximum absorbency of the resulting hydrogel beads for methylene blue (MB) is 493.799 mg/g, which was a third greater than that of pure SA beads. Absorption of MB obeys the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting monolayer chemisorption adsorption. Analysis of the thermodynamics proves that the entire adsorption process is exothermic and spontaneous. Moreover, the MZASA hydrogel beads show high selectivity for cationic dyes in the mixed dye test. Hence, the synthesized MZASA hydrogel beads serve as a highly effective, innovative, and reusable adsorbent for eliminating cationic dyes from water‐based solutions.