bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Oral and Systemic Immunization on Nasopharyngeal Clearance of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Kurono Yuichi , Shigemi Hideo , Kodama Satoru , Mogi Goro 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBALB/c mice were immunized orally or subcutaneously with formalin‐killed nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody titers against NTHi were significantly increased by oral immunization, but not by subcutaneous immunization. Both immunization procedures remarkably increased the levels of serum antibody activities of both IgA and immunoglobulin G.Live NTHi were then inoculated into the nasopharynx, and the clearance of the pathogen from the nasopharynx was observed. Significantly fewer bacteria were present in the nasopharynx of the orally immunized mice than in the control mice. However, there was no significant difference between the subcutaneously immunized mice and the control mice. The results indicate that oral immunization can enhance the ability of mice to clear NTHi from the nasopharynx.Laryngoscope, 106:614‐618, 1996
Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: A Functional Evaluation
Authors: Shirley Diane M. , Williams Sherri A. , Santos Perry M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe potential benefit of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on motor‐nerve regeneration after transection injury in 24 adult rats was evaluated after entubulation repair. Gait analysis for ankle angle and tension transduction device (TTD) strain‐gauge measurements yielded functional evaluation of regeneration. The BDNF (15 mg/mL) or phosphate buffered saline(control) was injected into the silicone elastomer (Silastic®) channel. Gait analysis performed 0, 2, 4, 6, 10, and 12 weeks after injury demonstrated a significant difference between uninjured and injured legs of 23 and 43 degrees, respectively (P<.001, analysis of variance). The TTD evaluation 13 weeks after injury demonstrated a significant decrease in force development of injured compared to uninjured legs, 148 and 58 g, respectively (P<.001). No functional benefits were demonstrated between BDNF‐treated versus control‐treated animals in either model for a single exposure to BDNF.Laryngoscope, 106:629‐632, 1996
Indications and Variations of Transcochlear Exposure of the Ventral Brainstem
Authors: Arriaga Moises A. , Gorum Michael 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe transcochlear exposures represent a spectrum of three approaches(transotic to transcochlear to transpetrous) that provide progressively wider lateral skull base exposure. The approaches all combine the translabyrinthine approach with removal of the cochlea. The facial nerve remains in situ in the transotic approach. The facial nerve is mobilized posteriorly in the transcochlear approach, and the transpetrous exposure adds resection of the petrous apex with carotid artery mobilization.This report focuses on the indications for each of the variations of transcochlear exposure. These lateral skull base exposures can be individualized to the needs of each patient.Laryngoscope, 106:639‐644, 1996
Triosite Implants and Fibrin Glue in the Treatment of Atrophic Rhinitis: Technique and Results
Authors: Bertrand Bernard , Doyen Anne , Eloy Philippe 
Published: November 2003

AbstractNine patients with primary or secondary atrophic rhinitis were treated by narrowing of the nasal fossae using a new surgical technique (derived from the Eryes procedure) in which a Triosite® and fibrin glue mixture is implanted via the labial vestibule route. The results were good or excellent in seven patients. No rejections occurred. Osseocoalescence, as evaluated by computed axial tomography at 6 months, was good. Inspiratory intrasnasal pain in patients with postsurgical atrophic rhinitis improved following the operation.The surgical technique, which is quick and easy to perform, avoids the discomfort of nostril closure or the implantation of grafts from other parts of the body. Complicated flap procedures are also avoided.Laryngoscope, 106:652‐657, 1996
Distortion Generated by the Ear: Its Emergence and Evolution During Development
Authors: Tubach Martin , McGee JoAnn , Walsh Edward J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractPhysiologically vulnerable active mechanics associated with the transduction of sounds in adults distort cochlear output. Specifically, frequencies not present in the incoming acoustic signal are represented in its output (i.e., the spike trains of auditory nerve fibers). The purpose of this investigation was to study the appearance and evolution of intermodulation distortion during development.Established surgical and electrophysiologic techniques were used to record the extracellular electrical activity of individual auditory nerve fibers from developing kittens. Discharge‐rate or synchrony‐based responses to two tones(f1 and f2) presented simultaneously at various ratios of f2/f1 were recorded. The cubic distortion product (CDP; 2f1‐f2, where f1<f2) and the difference tone(f2‐f1) were the intermodulation distortion products (DPs) emphasized in the investigation.CDPs were first observed nearly 10 days after the earliest auditory nerve fiber responses to simple tone‐burst stimuli could be elicited in neonatal cats. Furthermore, the spectrum of DPs generated in the cochlea changed dramatically during the second postnatal week and achieved adultlike characteristics after the first postnatal month.Findings reported here support the notion that cochlear transduction is initially linear in neonatal cats, possibly representing a critical period of auditory development, and that the content of distortion‐related spectral information carried in auditory nerve fiber spike trains increases during development, in concert with other peripheral auditory attributes.Laryngoscope, 106:822‐830, 1996
Stapedectomy in Profound Cochlear Loss
Authors: Glasscock Michael E. , Storper Ian S. , Haynes David S. , Bohrer Pamela S. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractStapedectomy can be used in certain patients with profound sensorineural hearing loss and stapes fixation to improve hearing to a level at which a hearing aid may be effective. This study reviews the outcomes of 11 patients with profound cochlear loss secondary to otosclerosis who underwent stapes surgery performed by the senior author (M.E.G.) over a 25‐year period.Postoperative hearing aid usage was effective in 9 of 11 patients. Preoperatively, these patients derived no benefits from hearing aids. Stapedectomy may be of immense value in patients with the proper history and profound cochlear loss.Laryngoscope, 106:831‐833, 1996
Metastatic Neoplasms to the Larynx: Report of Three Cases
Authors: Nicolai Piero , Puxeddu Roberto , Cappiello Johnny , Peretti Giorgio , Battocchio Simonetta , Facchetti Fabio , Antonelli Antonino Roberto 
Published: November 2003

AbstractMetastatic involvement of the larynx by distant malignancies is a rare event that can occur by hematogenous or lymphogenous spread through a retrograde or anterograde route. Only 143 cases of secondary laryngeal tumors have been reported in the literature. Metastases from cutaneous melanoma and renal carcinoma are the most common, whereas only sporadic cases stemming from lung and colon adenocarcinoma have been documented. The authors report a case of lung adenocarcinoma and two cases of colonic adenocarcinoma metastatic to the larynx and discuss the problems related to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of secondary laryngeal neoplasms.Laryngoscope, 106:851‐855, 1996
Determination of the Efficacy of Topical Oral Pilocarpine for Postirradiation Xerostomia in Patients With Head and Neck Carcinoma
Authors: Hamlar David D. , Schuller David E. , Gahbauer Reinhard A. , Buerki Robert A. , Staubus Alfred E. , Hall Jeff , Altman Jerald S. , Elzinga Darryl J. , Martin Melanie R. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractPilocarpine hydrochloride suspended in a candylike pastille was evaluated as a topical treatment for radiation‐induced xerostomia in head and neck cancer patients. This local delivery system, which differs from systemically administered pilocarpine preparations, was developed to hopefully maximize the local response and minimize the systemic side effects. A prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial was undertaken to determine objective and subjective efficacy in reversing the decrease in salivation. Forty previously irradiated patients received increasingly higher pilocarpine dosages in pastilles for 5 successive weeks. At each successive dose of pilocarpine, no significant increased salivation was noted. However, 25 (74%) of 34 patients reported that pilocarpine alleviated their subjective xerostomia. Topical pilocarpine administration has shown similar results to previous systemic delivery methods for radiation‐induced xerostomia, but with improved patient tolerance.
Safety Awareness for the Otolaryngologist Caring for the HIV‐Positive Patient
Authors: Kantu Sanjay , Lee Dennis , Nash Michael , Lucente Frank E. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe alarming increase in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, expected to reach 40 million cases worldwide by the year 2000, has enormous impact on the otolaryngologist, since up to 70% of HIV‐positive patients present with head and neck symptoms. Parenteral and nonparenteral acquisition of HIV has been documented with seroconversion from needle sticks estimated at 1 for every 200 exposures. The rate of compliance with universal precautions is found to be reported as low as 16%. In 1993, over 1400 patients with HIV were admitted to Kings County Hospital Center. There were 165 reported cases of sharp injuries of which 4 were scalpel related and 17 were suture needle related. We surveyed HIV safety experiences at five hospitals emphasizing operating room procedures, including instrument handling, gloving, elimination of excess equipment and personnel, utilization of nonsharp instruments, and team discipline. Preventive measures are recommended to help minimize inadvertent sharp injuries.
Nitric Oxide: A Mediator of Endotoxin‐Induced Middle Ear Effusions
Authors: Ball Steven S. , Prazma Jiri , Dais C.G. Dean , Rosbe Kristina W. , Pillsbury Harold C. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractUsing a rat model, the authors investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in endotoxin‐induced middle ear effusion (MEE). After the eustachian tube was obstructed, the middle ear was transtympanically injected with 35μL of either 1 mg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or LPS and 1 mmol/L N‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME), a competitive inhibitor of NO synthase. Over the next 6 hours, the fluid within the middle ear was collected every 2 hours, and the quantity of albumin in the fluid, an index of vascular leakage, was determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.L‐NAME significantly reduced LPS‐induced vascular extravasation into the middle ear. Inoculation of the ear with L‐arginine, the substrate for NO synthase, reversed the effects of L‐NAME. These results indicate that NO is a mediator of LPS‐induced MEE. Therefore, inhibition of NO synthase may represent a novel approach to the treatment of otitis media with effusion.
Laser‐Assisted Tympanostomy
Authors: Silverstein Herbert , Kuhn Jeffery , Choo Dan , Krespi Yosef P. , Rosenberg Seth I , Rowan Philip T. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractLaser‐assisted tympanostomy (LAT) was performed in 70 ears to ventilate the middle ear space without using a pressure‐equalizing tube. Using a CO2 laser attached to an operating microscope with a Microslad (microscope laser adaptor device), tympanostomies of 1.0 to 3.0 mm (average, 1.6 mm) in diameter were created and remained patent for an average of 3.14 weeks. Patency time was directly related to the size of the opening. Nearly all (97.9%) of the tympanostomies healed with no noticeable scarring and no persistent perforations. Seventy‐eight percent of patients at the Florida Ear & Sinus Center (FESC, Sarasota, Fla.) and 84% of patients at the Head & Neck Surgery Group (New York) showed no evidence of recurrent effusion after a minimum follow‐up of 3 months. LAT appears to be a safe, cost‐effective procedure which can easily be performed in an office setting when bloodless opening in the tympanic membrane is needed for either treatment or diagnosis using endoscopes.
Recognition and Surgical Management of the Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome
Authors: Newman James P. , Clerk Alex A. , Moore Michelle , Utley David S. , Terris David J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractPatients with upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) have clinical signs and symptoms of excessive daytime somnolence (EDS) in the absence of obstructive sleep apnea. These patients have increased upper airway resistance, reflected by an elevated intrathoracic pressure measurement, despite a normal respiratory disturbance index (RDI). Physical findings often include excessive palatal tissue and narrowing of the oropharynx and hypopharynx.Nine patients with UARS who received surgical treatment were prospectively evaluated. The four men and five women had signs of EDS, with or without snoring. The mean (±standard deviation) RDI was 2.1 (±1.2), and the mean esophageal pressure recording during polysomnography was ‐36.7 (±16.2) cm H2O. The Epworth sleepiness scale was used to quantify EDS. The preoperative score of 12.0 (±6.6) decreased to 3.4 (±1.9) (P=.001) after surgical treatment. A variety of procedures, all including some type of palatal surgery, were performed. No treatment complications occurred.The recognition of UARS and an understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the progressive development of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome may facilitate the prompt identification and treatment of such patients. The pathophysiology of UARS and a preliminary report of its surgical treatment are discussed.
The Effects of Macrophages on the Survival of Random Skin Flaps in Swine
Authors: Brewster Douglas , Cupp Craig , Wester Derin C. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractTissue macrophages play a critical role in neovascularization by releasing angiogenic cytokines. Macrophages normally arrive into a wound bed 48 to 96 hours following an injury.1 Introducing macrophages into a wound bed at the time of closure would theoretically stimulate neovascularization in the traumatized tissue prior to what is normally observed. The ability to promote early angiogenesis could be an important factor in the survival of an extended skin flap.By taking advantage of advanced cell‐sorting techniques, the authors developed the first study to evaluate the effect of placing a purified autologous macrophage population into an extended skin flap. We created 72 dorsally based random skin flaps in Yorkshire pigs; 48 of these wounds received autologous macrophages while 24 flaps served as controls. The macrophages were obtained by utilizing monoclonal antibodies in conjunction with flow cytometry. The skin flaps were evaluated on postoperative day 6 for their viability. Analysis of the data showed no statistically significant difference between the control and treatment flaps. There was, however, a trend of increased survival for flaps treated with macrophages. This is the first study to investigate using a purified population of cells to improve the survival of random skin flaps.
Orbital Complications of Sinusitis in the Aspirin Triad Syndrome
Authors: McFadden Edith A. , Woodson B. Tucker , Massaro Bruce M. , Toohill Robert J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractOrbital complications are uncommon in adult sinusitis. In contrast, the sinusitis of the aspirin triad syndrome is often fulminate, expansive, and recurrent, and complications may be more frequent. Of 81 patients with aspirin triad who were treated surgically, 7 patients (8.6%) had orbital complications, including sinus mucoceles in 3 patients, lacrimal gland extension in 2 patients, inflammatory orbital mass in 1 patient, and proptosis from expansile sinonasal polyposis in 1 patient. All complications manifested within 2 years of prior surgery. Two patients suffered blindness. In a group of 120 consecutively treated sinus surgery patients without aspirin triad syndrome (51 of whom were followed for more than 2 years), no patient manifested nonoperative orbital complications. The results of this study suggest that aspirin triad patients are at significant risk for orbital complications and therefore should have long‐term follow‐up with aggressive treatment of persistent disease.
Lingual Tonsil Hypertrophy Producing Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Dündar Ahmet , Özünlü Adnan , Sahan Murat , Özgen Fuat 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe hypertrophy of the lingual tonsil is a rare occurrence in adults. This disorder may cause obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and also may lead to a life‐threatening obstruction of the upper airway. Diagnosis of lingual tonsil hypertrophy in patients with OSA requires a careful examination by advanced technologic methods. The sleep apnea is successfully treated by lingual tonsillectomy, with or without tracheotomy.In this study the case of an adult with OSA caused by lingual tonsil hypertrophy which was treated with lingual tonsillectomy is presented, and the diagnosis and the treatment procedure of such cases are discussed.
Heterogeneity of Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck‐Analysis of Tumor Biologic Factors and Proliferation Rates
Authors: Jacob Roland , Welkoborsky Hans J. , Mann Wolf J. , Höfken Frank , Dienes Hans P. , Freije James E. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractSpecimens obtained from five different tumor regions in 12 patients who underwent surgery for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oropharynx were examined. The evaluation of each biopsy included quantitative DNA measurements based on image analysis, immunohistochemical assessment of proliferations markers (i.e., Ki67‐MIB1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA]), and morphological tumorfront grading. From single cell measurements, several DNA indices were derived which are known to reflect tumor aneuploidy.The results revealed a marked variation of proliferation and cellular differentiation in different regions of tumors and a wide intraindividual variation between particular tumors for all markers examined. There was good correlation between DNA data and proliferative cell fractions (Ki67 score, PCNA score). With the use of diagrams, three‐dimensional distribution of proliferation rates and markers reflecting tumor aggressiveness within each tumor was obtained.The results confirmed previous clinical and histological observations that SCCs of the oropharynx are heterogeneous tumors. One might expect that the regions with increased proliferation and aggressiveness may predict the location of possible tumor recurrence.
Obliteration of the Eustachian Tube Using Hydroxyapatite Cement: A Permanent Technique
Authors: Kveton John F. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractPermanent obliteration of the eustachian tube via the middle ear traditionally has met with limited success. Combinations of muscle, fascia, adipose tissue, bone fragments, and inert material such as Proplast have been used to seal the middle ear from the nasopharynx by inciting a fibrous reaction within the lumen of the eustachian tube. Long‐term follow‐up has demonstrated repneumatization of the middle ear cleft in the majority of cases, indicating failure of the obliteration technique. This report describes a technique for successful long‐term obliteration using hydroxyapatite cement. This new biomaterial possesses osseointegrative and osseoconductive properties that result in permanent obliteration by producing new bone formation within the lumen of the eustachian tube. This technique eliminates the complication of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea in lateral skull base procedures that expose the eustachian tube to cerebrospinal fluid.Laryngoscope, 106:1241‐1243, 1996
Management of Embossment Following the Frontal Osteoplastic Operation
Authors: Lawson William , Reino Anthony J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe deformity in the bony contour of the forehead following the osteoplastic flap procedure on the frontal sinus, termed embossment, occurs in a small but definite number of cases. This complication arises from the combined processes of resorption and deposition of bone following disturbance of the periosteum in performing the operation. A simple and highly reliable method of cosmetic correction employing acrylic cranioplasty has been successfully utilized in a series of cases without complications. The details of the operative technique will be outlined.Laryngoscope, 106:1259‐1265, 1996
Peripheral Course of Genioglossal Motor Axons Within the Hypoglossal Nerve of the Rat
Authors: Lee Seung , Eisele David W. , Schwartz Alan R. , Ryugo David K. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe spatial compartmentalization of motor axons in cranial nerves has not been previously demonstrated. In the present study, motor axons in the medial lingual ramus of the hypoglossal nerve of rats were labeled using horseradish peroxidase and diaminobenzidine staining methods. Neuronal axons were segregated into fascicles within the main nerve trunk (average total length: 10.4 mm). Light microscopic examination of stained nerve sections revealed reaction product within individual axons and showed that the grouping of labeled nerve fibers in the medial ramus was maintained for at least the peripheral half of the nerve before the stain faded.The authors propose that the fascicular anatomy of the rat hypoglossal cranial nerve resembles that of peripheral spinal nerves in humans. This functional and structural compartmentalization may have a clinical impact on the repair and treatment of cranial nerve pathologies.Laryngoscope, 106:1274‐1279, 1996
Chronic Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis
Authors: Harrill Willard C. , Stewart Michael G. , Lee Andrew G. , Cernoch Patricia 
Published: November 2003

AbstractRhinocerebral mucormycosis is a well‐described fulminant fungal infection that typically presents acutely in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis or immunosuppression. Chronic presentations of rhinocerebral mucormycosis have also been described. In the chronic infection, the disease course is indolent and slowly progressive, often occurring over weeks to months. The authors report 2 cases of chronic rhinocerebral mucormycosis (CRM) treated at their institution and review 16 other cases reported in the English‐language literature. In these cases, the median time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 7 months.The most common presenting features of CRM are ophthalmologic and include ptosis, proptosis, visual loss, and ophthalmoplegia. CRM occurs predominantly in patients with diabetes and ketoacidosis. The incidence of internal carotid artery and cavernous sinus thrombosis is higher in CRM patients than in those with the acute disease, although the overall survival rate for CRM patients is 83%. CRM is clinically distinct from chronic Entomophthorales infection.Laryngoscope, 106:1292‐1297, 1996