bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interrater reliability of interictal EEG waveforms in Lennox–Gastaut Syndrome
Authors: Hu Derek K. , Rana Mandeep , Adams David J. , Do Linda , Shrey Daniel W. , Hussain Shaun A. , Lopour Beth A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveIdentification of EEG waveforms is critical for diagnosing Lennox–Gastaut Syndrome (LGS) but is complicated by the progressive nature of the disease. Here, we assess the interrater reliability (IRR) among pediatric epileptologists for classifying EEG waveforms associated with LGS.MethodsA novel automated algorithm was used to objectively identify epochs of EEG with transient high power, which were termed events of interest (EOIs). The algorithm was applied to EEG from 20 LGS subjects and 20 healthy controls during NREM sleep, and 1350 EOIs were identified. Three raters independently reviewed the EOIs within isolated 15‐second EEG segments in a randomized, blinded fashion. For each EOI, the raters assigned a waveform label (spike and slow wave, generalized paroxysmal fast activity, seizure, spindle, vertex, muscle, artifact, nothing, or other) and indicated the perceived subject type (LGS or control).ResultsLabeling of subject type had 85% accuracy across all EOIs and an IRR of κ =0.790, suggesting that brief segments of EEG containing high‐power waveforms can be reliably classified as pathological or normal. Waveform labels were less consistent, with κ =0.558, and the results were highly variable for different categories of waveforms. Label mismatches typically occurred when one reviewer selected “nothing,” suggesting that reviewers had different thresholds for applying named labels.SignificanceClassification of EEG waveforms associated with LGS has weak IRR, due in part to varying thresholds applied during visual review. Computational methods to objectively define EEG biomarkers of LGS may improve IRR and aid clinical decision‐making.
Reproductive justice activism in the post‐Dobbs era
Authors: Zavella Patricia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractReproductive governance and anti‐abortion discourse increased dramatically after the Dobbs decision ended Roe. To reproductive justice advocates, this decision came after the pandemic lockdown that left staff working from home and they see it as a human rights crisis. In light of these radical changes, how are reproductive justice debates framed in the United States by women of color? Drawing on ethnographic research, I suggest that while the abortion landscape has provoked more polarization, reproductive justice activists, particularly women of color, have deepened their commitment to their human rights and intersectional approach that advocates for the most structurally vulnerable.
Do Children with Previous COVID Infection Have Hyposmia?
Authors: Bacon Beatrice R. , Viola Francesca C. , Carr Michele M. 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveOur goal was to see if children with a history of COVID infection had subclinical hyposmia.MethodsConsecutive patients at a pediatric otolaryngology clinic aged 5–17 years were recruited. Demographics including gender, race, use of nasal topical medications (NTM), previous nasal surgery including adenoidectomy (NSA), and previous COVID‐19 infection were collected. Each child performed a test of their sense of smell using the Pediatric Smell Wheel (PSW, Sensonics Intl, USA) under the direct supervision and scores were compared.Results260 children were included; mean age 10.1 years (95% CI 9.7–10.5), 128 (49.2%) female and 132 (50.8%) male. 65 (25%) used steroid nasal sprays, 100 (38.5%) had undergone adenoidectomy, and 36 (13.8%) had other nasal surgery. 120 (46.2%) had a previous COVID‐19 infection. The COVID+ and COVID− groups were the same for age, gender, race, use of NTMs, and previous NSA (p > 0.05). Mean PSW score was 7.8 (95% CI 7.6–8.0), median of 8, ranging from 2 to 11. The mean PSW score was 8.0 for the COVID− group and 7.6 for the COVID+ group (p = 0.005). There was no significant difference in total PSW scores based on gender, race, use of NTMs, previous NSA. Linear regression showed previous COVID infection was significantly negatively associated with total PSW score (Beta −0.636, p = 0.006) with age significantly positively associated (Beta 0.122, p < 0.001).ConclusionChildren with a history of COVID infection performed slightly worse when identifying odors than children without a COVID history. More study into the rates of pediatric anosmia related to COVID infection is needed.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:901–906, 2024
Light‐controllable energy‐saving and control overhead‐saving metasurface based on photoresistor
Authors: Guo Boyan , Deng Li , Zhang Hongtao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntelligent metasurfaces are artificially engineered structures that can real‐time control electromagnetic (EM) waves. However, the manipulating ability is usually realized by adopting the wired electrical control method, which is effective and robust, but there are still some limitations. Here, we propose an energy‐efficient light‐controllable intelligent metasurface consisting of meta‐atoms with the ability to manipulate EM waves without energy consumption and control overhead. As demonstrated, the resistance‐based metasurface is illuminated under different strengths of illumination to generate different radiation patterns. The measured results show that the metasurface can well realize dynamic beam steering under different illumination conditions. The proposed intelligent metasurface establishes the connection between microwave and light, which could promote the development of related multiphysics applications, such as photoelectric reconfigurable intelligent surface and internet of things devices.
Effect of irregular silicon carbide and tackifying phenolic resin on friction coefficients of rubber compounds
Authors: Zhu Youzhang , Lu Hang , Cui Jian , Wang Yimiao , Li Hengrong , Tian Anwei , Pang Song , Zhao Shuai , Yan Yehai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRubber compounds with high friction coefficients are widely used in safety shoes, functional shoes, etc. However, in the presence of a liquid lubrication layer, friction coefficients between rubber compounds and the opposing surface are generally very low. In this work, friction coefficients of rubber compounds are improved by a two‐pronged method. First, micron silicon carbides (SiC) with irregular shape and knife‐edge are selected as fillers to improve the plowing friction in dry state, and to improve the adhesive friction in wet state via piercing the liquid lubrication layer. Second, tackifying phenolic resin is added to increase the damping performance of rubber compounds, so as to improve the hysteresis friction in both dry and wet states. The results show that the comprehensive static and dynamic friction properties of rubber compounds are the best in both dry and wet states (0.5 wt% sodium dodecyl sulfate solution or 90 wt% glycerol solution), when SiC size is 7–14 μm and SiC content is 75–90 phr. Phenolic resin can increase the loss factor (tanδ) and loss modulus (E") of rubber compounds, and improve the static and dynamic friction coefficients in wet state (90 wt% glycerol solution). At the same time, it can improve the hardness of rubber compounds and reduce the relative content of SiC, thus reducing the static and dynamic friction coefficients of rubber compounds in dry and wet states (0.5 wt% sodium lauryl sulfate aqueous solution). In general, the optimal content of phenolic resin is 10–15 phr.Highlights
Rubber friction coefficients improved via both adhesion and hysteresis friction.
Irregular silicon carbides pierce liquid layer to improve adhesive friction of rubber.
Phenolic resin increases hysteresis friction of rubber via damping property.
V2XCom: Lightweight and secure message dissemination scheme for Internet of vehicles
Authors: Bodkhe Umesh , Tanwar Sudeep 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSmart cities provide a sustainable transport ecosystem to connect smart vehicles through sensors and networking units. Internet‐of‐vehicles (IoV) is vital in disseminating various messages, including road safety, exact location sharing, road accidents and blocks, collision warning, driver assistance, network congestion, or toll payment among vehicle‐to‐anything (V2X) units. Due to the mission‐critical nature of the IoV ecosystem, it requires reliable, lightweight, and real‐time communication for vehicle‐to‐vehicle (V2V) and V2X units. However, due to the availability of insecure wireless channels, an adversary can perform several security attacks such as replay, password guessing, masquerade, trace, message tampering, Man‐in‐the‐middle attack (MIMA), and plain‐text attacks in an IoV environment which may lead to potential disruptions. Motivated by the aforementioned facts, we propose a V2XCom, a lightweight and secure message dissemination scheme for the IoV network using low‐cost cryptographic SHA‐256, XoR operation, and concatenation. We performed security verification of V2XCom using the Scyther and AVISPA tools. Moreover, security proofs are provided for an informal security analysis of the proposed scheme. We have done a comparative analysis of a V2XCom with recent dissemination schemes in the IoV ecosystem concerning security features, communication latency, computational cost, and energy usage.
Chlorate‐based homemade explosives: A review
Authors: Horrocks Aaron J. , Detata David , Pitts Kari , Lewis Simon W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChlorates and perchlorates, inorganic salts known for their potent oxidizing properties, find utility in various products such as pyrotechnics, matches, and disinfectants. Their chemical properties also make them suitable for homemade explosives, resulting in their extensive use by criminals. Hence, the forensic analysis of these compounds is vital for investigating crimes involving their utilization. A wide array of analytical techniques is available for detecting and quantifying these substances, offering forensic investigators an extensive toolkit to effectively analyze and identify chlorates and perchlorates in various samples. Recent research highlights the potential for leveraging the information obtained from analyzing these materials, including for intelligence purposes. The future of forensic analysis in this domain lies in extracting additional information, such as source attribution, through methods like chemometrics, thereby enhancing forensic intelligence capabilities.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Explosive Analysis
Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Trace Evidence
Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Emerging Technologies and Methods
Uncovering doubly charged scalars with dominant three-body decays using machine learning
Authors: Flacke Thomas , Kim Jeong Han , Kunkel Manuel , Ko Pyungwon , Pi Jun Seung , Porod Werner , Schwarze Leonard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We propose a deep learning-based search strategy for pair production of doubly charged scalars undergoing three-body decays to $$ {W}^{+}t\overline{b} $$

W
+

t

b
¯

in the same-sign lepton plus multi-jet final state. This process is motivated by composite Higgs models with an underlying fermionic UV theory. We demonstrate that for such busy final states, jet image classification with convolutional neural networks outperforms standard fully connected networks acting on reconstructed kinematic variables. We derive the expected discovery reach and exclusion limit at the high-luminosity LHC.
Distraction osteogenesis versus induced membrane technique for infected tibial non-unions with segmental bone loss: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of available studies
Authors: Wakefield Sophia M. , Papakostidis Costas , Giannoudis Vasileios P. , Mandía-Martínez Alfonso , Giannoudis Peter V. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Infected tibial non-unions with associated bone loss can be challenging to manage. At present, the two main methods utilized in the management of these fractures include the Ilizarov technique of Distraction Osteogenesis (DO) using external fixator devices, or alternatively, the Induced Membrane Technique (IMT), devised by Masquelet. As there is a paucity of data directly comparing the outcomes of these techniques, there is no universal agreement on which strategy a surgeon should choose to use.

Aims
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the outcomes of both DO and IMT, in terms of primary outcomes (bone union and infection elimination), and secondary outcomes (complication rates and functional outcomes).

Methods
A PRISMA strategy was used. Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar library databases were interrogated using pre-defined MeSH terms and Boolean operators. Quality of evidence was evaluated using OCEBM and GRADE systems.

Results
Thirty-two studies with 1136 subjects met the inclusion criteria. With respect to the primary outcomes of interest, union was observed in 94.6% (DO method) and 88.0% (IMT method); this difference, however, was not significant between the two techniques (p = 0.45). In addition, infection elimination rates were also higher in the Ilizarov DO group when compared to Masquelet (Mq) IMT (93.0% vs 80.4% respectively). Again, no significant difference was observed (p = 0.06). For all secondary outcomes assessed (unplanned re-operations, re-fracture rates amputation rate), no statistically significant differences were documented between the treatment options.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that there is no clinical difference in outcomes for patients treated with Ilizarov DO versus Mq IMT techniques. The evidence base at present is relatively sparse and, therefore, we would recommend for further Level I studies to be conducted, to make more meaningful conclusions.
Genetic Features of Young and Aged Animals After Peripheral Nerve Injury: Implications for Diminished Regeneration Capacity
Authors: Huang Weixiao , Yi Sheng , Zhao Lili 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe spontaneous regeneration capacity of peripheral nerves is fundamentally reduced with advancing age, leading to severe and long-term functional loss. The cellular and molecular basis underlying incomplete and delayed recovery of aging peripheral nerves is still murky. Here, we collected sciatic nerves of aged rats at 1d, 4d, and 7d after nerve injury, systematically analyzed the transcriptional changes of injured sciatic nerves, and examined the differences of injury responses between aged rats and young rats. RNA sequencing revealed that sciatic nerves of aged and young rats exhibit distinctive expression patterns after nerve injury. Acute and vigorous immune responses, including motivated B cell receptor signaling pathway, occurred in injured sciatic nerves of both aged and young rats. Different from young rats, aged rats have more CD8+ T cells and B cells in normal state and the elevation of M2 macrophages seemed to be more robust in sciatic nerves, especially at later time points after nerve injury. Young rats, on the other hand, showed strong and early up-regulation of cell cycle-related genes. These identified unique transcriptional signatures of aged and young rats help the understanding of aged-associated injury responses in the wound microenvironments and provide essential basis for the treatment of regeneration deficits in aged population.
Short digital-competence test based on DigComp2.1: Does digital competence support research competence in undergraduate students?
Authors: Mieg Harald A. , Klieme Katrin E. , Barker Emma , Bryan Jane , Gibson Caroline , Haberstroh Susanne , Odebiyi Femi , Rismondo Frano P. , Römmer-Nossek Brigitte , Thiem Janina , Unterpertinger Erika 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article presents a ten-item short scale for measuring digital competence. The scale is based on the Digital Competence Framework for Citizens, DigComp2.1 (Carretero et al., 2017). For our surveys, we used five items from the DigCompSat study (Clifford et al., 2020) and created five new ones to address the competence areas defined by DigCom2.1. We tested the scale on a sample of 1416 students from four countries (Germany, Lithuania, Austria, UK), using the questionnaire in two languages (English, German). The scale proved to be reliable (Cronbach’s α of 0.87 and McDonald’s ωtof 0.88) and valid (construct and content validity). Using the scale, we replicated findings from previous studies on differences in digital literacy by gender, study subject, and level of study. Despite the inhomogeneous structure of items from five different competence areas (according to DigComp2.1) and of two different types (specific, general), the scale does not seem to be multifactorial. A detailed analysis of digital competence and undergraduate research in the context of the pandemic shows: digital competence seems to support research competence and may even support inclusion.
Retention of fish biodiversity in a mixed-use agroecosystem in Cambodia
Authors: Tilley Alexander , Freed Sarah , Cagua E. Fernando , Longobardi Lorenzo , Sean Vichet , Mith Samonn , Miratori Kim , Kura Yumiko 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFisheries of the Mekong Basin are crucial to regional food security. They rely on seasonal monsoon rains that inundate rice fields and reconnect water bodies. Species assemblages vary over time and space, but infrastructure developments and climate change are negatively impacting the timing and magnitude of the flood pulse as well as fish migration routes and populations. In lowland rice field landscapes of Cambodia, community fish refuges (CFRs) are used to maintain fish abundance and biodiversity, with varying success. There is little knowledge of the drivers of this variation to guide management interventions. We used beta diversity to explore the effectiveness of 40 CFRs in maintaining species abundance and diversity during the dry seasons from 2012 to 2015. Results show CFR connectivity to the floodplain is important and suggest the type of inlet/outlet influences fish retention. CFRs connected to a large area of rice fields during the wet season had lower losses in species abundance through the dry season. However, large CFRs, or those part of a larger body of water, had higher losses in species abundance. Key design features of CFRs must be coupled with strong management capacity to guide the conservation and fisheries strategy in the Mekong Basin.
Learning autoencoder ensembles for detecting malware hidden communications in IoT ecosystems
Authors: Cassavia Nunziato , Caviglione Luca , Guarascio Massimo , Liguori Angelica , Zuppelli Marco 
Published: November 2023

AbstractModern IoT ecosystems are the preferred target of threat actors wanting to incorporate resource-constrained devices within a botnet or leak sensitive information. A major research effort is then devoted to create countermeasures for mitigating attacks, for instance, hardware-level verification mechanisms or effective network intrusion detection frameworks. Unfortunately, advanced malware is often endowed with the ability of cloaking communications within network traffic, e.g., to orchestrate compromised IoT nodes or exfiltrate data without being noticed. Therefore, this paper showcases how different autoencoder-based architectures can spot the presence of malicious communications hidden in conversations, especially in the TTL of IPv4 traffic. To conduct tests, this work considers IoT traffic traces gathered in a real setting and the presence of an attacker deploying two hiding schemes (i.e., naive and “elusive” approaches). Collected results showcase the effectiveness of our method as well as the feasibility of deploying autoencoders in production-quality IoT settings.
A radiochemistry laboratory exercise: determination of uranium in tap water by solvent extraction and liquid scintillation counting
Authors: Magugliani Gabriele , Mossini Eros , Negrin Maddalena , Galluccio Francesco , Santi Andrea , Giola Marco , Macerata Elena , Mariani Mario 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEnvironmental radiochemistry is a key pillar of the education of nuclear engineering students and young professionals. Teaching the fundamentals of this multidisciplinary field is best performed also through well-designed hands-on experiments. A simple and fast radiochemical procedure has been developed to determine uranium in tap water by liquid scintillation counting. The proposed method provides reliable and repeatable results, with accuracy and precision within 5%. It can be proficiently executed by undergraduate students, who have appreciated the engagement and got acquainted with standard analysis protocols, from sample collection and manipulation to radiometric measure and data analysis.
Quantification of the efficiency of magnetic targeting of nanoparticles using finite element analysis
Authors: Casallas Luz Helena Camargo , Patarroyo Diego Julián Rodríguez , Benavides Jaime Francisco Pantoja 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe lack of efficient drug delivery to tumor cells has led to investigations into the administration of magnetic drugs, which use magnetic fields to target treatment to specific organs, thereby reducing side effects compared to traditional treatments. The dynamics of MTD in breast arteries are currently unknown and can be modeled using second-order differential equations. Blood flow is generally assumed to be a non-Newtonian fluid due to its viscosity characteristics. In this study, we modeled the targeting efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles with sizes of 50 nm, 100 nm, and 200 nm under a constant magnetic field of 0.12 T using a computational tool based on the finite element technique. Our results showed that magnetic nanoparticle targeting efficiency was highest with simulated magnetic fields located 5 cm, 7.5 cm, and 15 cm away from the tumor when using nanoparticles of 50 nm and 100 nm.
Turning waste avocado stones and montmorillonite into magnetite-supported nanocomposites for the depollution of methylene blue: adsorbent reusability and performance optimization
Authors: El-Shafie Ahmed S. , Karamshahi Fatima , El-Azazy Marwa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe existence of methylene blue (MB) in wastewater even as traces is raising environmental concerns. In this regard, the performances of four adsorbents, avocado stone biochar (AVS-BC), montmorillonite (MMT), and their magnetite Fe3O4–derived counterparts, were compared. Results showed the superior performance of Fe3O4@AVS-BC and Fe3O4@MMT nanocomposites with removal percentages (%R) of 95.59% and 88%. The morphological features of AVS-BC as revealed by SEM analysis showed a highly porous surface compared to a plane and smooth surface in the case of MMT. Surface analysis using FT-IR and Raman spectroscopies corroborated the existence of the Fe–O peaks upon loading with magnetite. The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of cubic magnetite nanoparticles. The adsorption process in the batch mode was optimized using central composite design (CCD). Equilibrium and kinetic isotherms showed that the adsorption of MB onto Fe3O4@AVS-BC fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model. The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) was 118.9 mg/g (Fe3O4@AVS-BC) and 72.39 mg/g (Fe3O4@MMT). The Fe3O4@AVS-BC showed a higher selectivity toward MB compared to other organic contaminants. The MB-laden adsorbent was successfully used for the remediation of Cr (III), Ni (II), and Cd (II) with removal efficiencies hitting 100% following thermal activation.