bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Biliary Ascariasis in Pregnancy
Authors: Shah Omar Javed , Robanni Irfan , Khan Fayaz , Zargar Showkat Ali , Javid Gul 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAscariasis is a helminthic infection of humans caused by the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides. Biliary ascariasis is one of the most common and well described entities caused by ascaris. In endemic areas pregnant women are prone to develop biliary ascariasis. Its management poses a great challenge to both the attending surgeon and the endoscopist. Between January 1993 and March 2003, 15 cases of biliary ascariasis were seen in pregnant patients in our institution. Ultrasonography was used as the main investigative tool. Treatment involved management by conservative, endoscopic, and surgical methods, taking due care of both the mother and the fetus. Ten patients (66.6%) were in the third trimester of pregnancy, and 10 (66.6%) patients were in their third pregnancy. Ultrasonography proved to be the best tool for diagnosing and monitoring worms inside the biliary ductal system. Nine (60%) patients responded to the conservative treatment; endoscopic extraction was successful in 4 (66.6%) patients. Surgical treatment was required in 2 (13.3%) patients. One (6.6%) patient had had spontaneous abortion at 12 weeks gestation, and one (6.6%) patient had a premature labor. The remaining patients had normal pregnancies. Management of biliary ascariasis in pregnancy is a challenge for both the attending surgeon and the endoscopist. Safe and effective management requires special attention to the gestational age and accurate recognition of the specific pathology in the patient. The majority of patients respond to conservative treatment, but endoscopic extraction may be needed in nonresponsive cases. Lead shielding of the fetus and limitation of the total fluorscopic exposure during therapeutic endoscopy can minimize the teratogenic risk of ionizing radiation. Failures of endoscopic extraction may lead to surgical intervention, which carries risks of fetal wastage and premature labor. Routine worming of women in the child‐bearing years is recommended in endemic areas of ascariasis. Though ascariasis is a problem in developing countries, because of increased travel and population migration, clinicians elsewhere should be aware of the problems associated with ascariasis.
Fatal Chest Injury with Lung Evisceration during Athletic Games in Ancient Greece
Authors: Menenakos Evangelos , Alexakis Nicholas , Leandros Emmanuel , Laskaratos Gerasimos , Nikiteas Nikolaos , Bramis John , Fingerhut Abe 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe “Olympic idealism” that dominates modern athletic culture is a myth. The true aims of the athletes in ancient Greece were rewards and life‐long appointments to various positions in the military or the city administration. Competitions in the athletic games included, among others, wrestling, boxing, and pangration (a combination of wrestling and boxing). Occasionally, these games resulted in severe trauma or death. Two cases of extreme violence resulting in fatal chest trauma are presented and commented on from both surgical and social points of view.
Does Nephrectomy for Trauma Increase the Risk of Renal Failure?
Authors: Velmahos George C. , Constantinou Constantinos , Gkiokas George 
Published: August 2005

AbstractRenal failure is a feared complication following operations for severe trauma. Injuries to the kidney may be managed by nephrectomy or nephrorrhaphy. Nephrectomy may increase the risk of renal failure in already at‐risk trauma patients. Nephrectomy for trauma should be avoided to the extent possible because it is associated with renal failure. From a prospectively collected trauma database, 59 patients with nephrectomy were matched at 1:1 ratio with 59 patients with nephrorrhaphy. Matching criteria were age (± 5 years), Injury Severity Score (± 3), abdominal Abbreviated Injury Score (± 1), and mechanism of injury (blunt or penetrating). The rates of renal function compromise (defined as a serum creatinine level >2 mg/dl for more than 2 days) and renal replacement therapy (continuous or intermittent) were compared in the two groups. The two groups were well‐matched and similar with regard to injury severity and organs injured. Between nephrectomy and nephrorrhaphy patients, there were no differences in renal function compromise (10% vs. 14%, p = 0.57), renal replacement therapy (5% vs. 0%, p = 0.12), length of hospital stay (19 ± 26 vs. 20 ± 21, p = 0.8), and mortality (15% vs. 12%, p = 0.59). Salvaging the injured kidney does not seem to offer an obvious clinical benefit regarding postoperative renal function. Given the increased operative complexity of nephrorrhaphy in comparison to nephrectomy and the frequent need to abbreviate the operation in patients with severe trauma, nephrectomy should not be avoided when appropriate.
Postoperative Evolution of Inflammatory Response in a Model of Suprarenal Aortic Cross‐clamping with and without Hemorrhagic Shock. Systemic and Local Reactions
Authors: Lozano Francisco S. , Rodriguez José M. , Garcia‐Criado Francisco J. , Barros Marcello B. , Conde Pilar S. , Gonzalez Luis M. , Rodriguez Manuel , Gomez‐Alonso Alberto 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSurgery of the abdominal aorta generates a systemic inflammatory response (SIR), a source of operative morbidity‐mortality. In the present work we attempted to evaluate the evolution of SIR in an experimental model that simulates elective and urgent surgery on the abdominal aorta. Fifteen mini‐pigs divided into three groups were used. The animals were subjected to suprarenal aortic/iliac clamping and bypass with a Dacron‐collagen prosthetic graft. Groups were as follows: (1) sham (only aortic dissection); (2) clamping and bypass; (3) hemorrhage of 40%, pre‐clamping, and bypass. Determinations included (1) tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, interferon‐gamma; (2) myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide anion (SOA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA); (3) nitrites; (4) iNOS, (5) cell adhesion molecules (ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1) at 24 hours, 48 hours, and on day 7; and (6) NFκB at 48 hours. Our results point to an increase in all inflammatory variables, corroborated by their molecular regulators such as the expression of CAMs, iNOS, and NFκB. The alterations tended to normalize by day 7, after reperfusion. The results point to the great importance of SIR at all levels (molecular, nuclear, cellular, and systemic) in situations such as elective and urgent abdominal aorta surgery and the role that control of this response could represent for the future of vascular surgery.
Relationships between Volume, Efficiency, and Quality in Surgery — A Delicate Balance from Managerial Perspectives
Authors: Kraus Thomas W. , Büchler Markus W. , Herfarth Christian 
Published: August 2005

AbstractVolume, efficiency, and quality in hospital care are often mixed in debate. We analyze how these dimensions are interrelated in surgical hospital management, with particular focus on volume effects: under financial constraints, efficiency is the best form of cost control. External perception of quality is important to attract patients and gain volumes. There are numerous explicit and implicit notions of surgical quality. The relevance of implicit criteria (functionality, reliability, consistency, customaziability, convenience) can change in the time course of hospital competition. Outcome data theoretically are optimal measures of quality, but surgical quality is multifactorially influenced by case mix, surgical technique, indication, process designs, organizational structures, and volume. As quality of surgery is hard to grade, implicit criteria such as customizability currently often overrule functionality (outcome) as the dominant market driver. Activities and volumes are inputs to produce quality. Capability does not translate to ability in a linear function. Adequate process design is important to realize efficiency and quality. Volumes of activities, degree of standardization, specialization, and customer involvement are relevant estimates for process design in services. Flow‐orientated management focuses primarily on resource utilization and efficiency, not on surgical quality. The relationship between volume and outcome in surgery is imperfectly understood. Factors involve learning effects both on process efficiency and quality, increased standardization and task specialization, process flow homogeneity, and potential for process integration. Volume is a structural component to develop efficiency and quality. The specific capabilities and process characteristics that contribute to surgical outcome improvement should be defined and exported. Adequate focus should allow even small institutions to benefit from volume‐associated effects. All volumes‐based learning within standardized processes will finally lead to a plateauing of quality. Only innovations will then further improve quality. Possessing volume can set the optimal ground for continuous process research, subsequent change, innovation, and optimization, while volume itself appears not to be a quality prerequisite.
The care provided by general practitioners for persistent depression
Authors: Van Os Titus W.D.P. , Van den Brink Rob H.S. , Van der Meer Klaas , Ormel Johan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPurpose.To examine the care provided by general practitioners (GPs) for persistent depressive illness and its relationship to patient, illness and consultation characteristics.Subjects and method.Using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Primary Health Care Version (CIDI-PHC) a sample of 264 patients with ICD-10 depression was identified among consecutive primary care patients in the Netherlands. At 1-year follow-up 78 of these patients (30%) still fulfilled the criteria of an ICD-10 depression and were considered persistent cases. At baseline and follow-up the GPs specified their diagnosis and treatment. The extent of recognition as a mental health problem, accuracy of diagnosis as a depression and treatment in accordance with clinical guidelines for depression was examined. In addition it was examined whether these steps in adequate GP care for persistent depression were related to patient, illness and consultation characteristics.Results.Twenty percent of the persistent depression cases were not recognized at baseline or during follow-up, 28% was recognized but not accurately diagnosed, 17% was accurately diagnosed, but did not receive adequate treatment and 35% was treated adequately. Recognition was associated with psychological reason for encounter; accurate diagnosis with absence of activity limitation days; and adequate treatment with severity of depression and higher educational level.Conclusion.Non-recognition, misdiagnosis and inadequate treatment are not limited to patients with a relatively mild and brief depression but are also prominent in patients with a persistent depression, who consulted their GP 8.2 times on average during the year their depression persisted.
Evidence of a Common Founder for SCA12 in the Indian Population
Authors: Bahl S. , Virdi K. , Mittal U. , Sachdeva M. P. , Kalla A. K. , Holmes S. E. , O'Hearn E. , Margolis R. L. , Jain S. , Srivastava A. K. , Mukerji M. 
Published: September 2005

SummarySpinocerebellar ataxia type 12 (SCA12) is an autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia associated with the expansion of an unstable CAG repeat in the 5′ region of the PPP2R2B gene on chromosome 5q31–5q32. We found that it accounts for ∼16% (20/124) of all the autosomal dominant ataxia cases diagnosed in AIIMS, a major tertiary referral centre in North India. The length of the expanded allele in this population ranges from 51–69 CAG triplets. Interestingly, all the affected families belong to an endogamous population, which originated in the state of Haryana, India. We identified four novel SNPs and a dinucleotide marker spanning ∼137 kb downstream of CAG repeat in the PPP2R2B gene. Analysis of 20 Indian SCA12 families and ethnically matched normal unrelated individuals revealed one haplotype to be significantly associated with the affected alleles (P= 0.000), clearly indicating the presence of a common founder for SCA12 in the Indian population. This haplotype was not shared by the American pedigree with SCA12. Therefore, the SCA12 expansion appears to have originated at least twice.
The New Entrepreneur Scholarships: self‐employment as a means to tackle social deprivation
Authors: Slack Jonathan 
Published: September 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate New Entrepreneur Scholarships, a government‐funded programme that aims to help people from disadvantaged backgrounds to become self‐employed.Design/methodology/approachA case study methodology is employed.FindingsThe programme has been very effective in helping people who would not otherwise overcome the barriers in setting up a business to establish themselves in self‐employment.Originality/valueTacking the issue of qualifications remains an issue as there is no clear demand for a qualification. Resources are also needed to further promote the success of New Entrepreneur scholars within their own areas to that they can be role models to others and so that enterprise can be seen as a viable option for other members of their communities.
The changing role of education on managerial career attainment
Authors: Hurley‐Hanson Amy E. , Wally Stefan , Segrest Purkiss Sharon L. , Sonnenfeld Jeffrey A. 
Published: September 2005

PurposeThis study aims to explore the role of formal education in managerial career attainment and how this role has changed over time.Design/methodology/approachThe personnel records of two cohorts of managers who entered the firm at different times in a large internal labor market company were examined. The study encompassed years of education, subject of degree, timing of degree conferral, and quality of educational institution. Career attainment was regressed on the control variables and the hypothesized predictor variables using hierarchical multiple regression analysis.FindingsThe research suggests that the importance of having an undergraduate degree seems to be increasing, while the importance of the selectivity of the university seems to be decreasing with respect to career attainment. Also, majoring in business continues to be an important factor related to career attainment.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research focusing specifically on the differences in managerial career attainment of individuals who stay with their initial firm versus those who change employers would be beneficial. It would also be interesting to focus on the different reasons why people go back to school to obtain a degree.Practical implicationsObtaining a degree after entering the firm was not related to career attainment. Universities have advocated the benefits of obtaining a degree to students who are already in the workforce. These results must be investigated further.Originality/valueThe data for this study were obtained from occupational records and allowed a more detailed analysis of an actual internal labor market organization and a longitudinal look at the changing role of education in relationship to career attainment.
Prudence vs professionalism
Authors: Kakabadse Nada K. , Kakabadse Andrew 
Published: September 2005

PurposeThis paper seeks to report original research examining how effectively board members of occupational pension trusts administer pension plan assets on behalf of their respective members. The concept of the concerned lay board member (the “prudent person”) is increasingly under attack from the media, government and professional bodies. The proposition is that lay members should be replaced by professionals. Aims to explore the prudence vs professionalism theme through an examination of trustee profile, trustee financial competence and trustee performance effectiveness.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts demographic theory from the perspective that group demographics are a critical focus of analysis due to their potent impact on organisational outcomes. A qualitative approach was initially pursued in order to capture trustee views which formed the platform for the second quantitative phase of the study.FindingsThe study concludes that lay trustees display comparable capacity to professional trustees and emerge as equally able to positively respond to the future challenges facing pension boards.Practical implicationsThe study highlights that HR practitioners can make a significant impact on the selection and development of pension board trustees.Originality/valueRather than continuing with the unhelpful, historically based distinction between lay and professional pension board trustees, this original study identifies the growing complexities of managing pension trusts, whilst emphasising the capabilities required to pursue innovative investment practice in the future. This paper is likely to be of value to researchers in the areas of board and pension trust performance, fund trustees, actuaries, trust fund managers, employee benefits consultancies, the Treasury and HR professionals.
A note on occupational variations in the returns to education in the US labor market
Authors: Gabriel Paul E. , Schmitz Susanne 
Published: September 2005

PurposeSeeks to answer the question: “do certain occupations offer lower financial benefits to acquiring years of formal schooling than others?”.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses data from the 2003 Current Population Survey to estimate rates of return to education across occupational categories in the US labor market. The wage model employed is based on the human capital model of income determination.FindingsThe analysis suggests that additional schooling has a positive impact on the weekly earnings of men and women in both white‐ and blue‐collar occupations – with the highest returns accruing to sales, managerial, and professional workers. Although returns are generally higher for white‐collar workers, no link is found between the returns to schooling and the propensity of occupations to be comprised of “primary” or “secondary” sector jobs.Originality/valueSupports the notion that additional schooling increases the earnings of men and women in both blue‐ and white‐collar occupations.
Analysis of team effectiveness in software development teams working on hardware and software environments using Belbin Self‐perception Inventory
Authors: Rajendran Mazhil 
Published: September 2005

PurposeAims to present a team effectiveness analysis of software development teams and one means of improving the effectiveness of software development teams in quite an innovative manner, namely, by forming teams based on who can work effectively together.Design/methodology/approachThe team roles described by R. Meredith Belbin are utilized to improve the effectiveness of software development teams The procedure used in these analyses consists of: finding teams that indicate a commitment to, or interest in, participating in an analysis of their team; having all team members fill out the Belbin Self‐perception Inventory in order to gather data for analysis; interviewing the leader of the team in order to obtain an independent analysis and verification of the self‐perception data; analyzing the self‐perception data, looking for trends in the data from which subjective assessments can be made; Comparing the Belbin analysis with the interview information, identifying similarities and differences between the two, thus providing verification of the Belbin analysis.FindingsAnalyses of software development teams from within the industry demonstrate that Belbin's roles and the Belbin self‐perception inventory can be used to recognize important positive and negative features of a team. Thus, positive features can be encouraged, and negative features can be avoided or remedied.Originality/valueThis paper would be useful to managers and team leaders of software development industries to analyze their team and to bring out superior efforts of forming the team to get the work done.
Segmenting the non‐adopter category in the diffusion of internet banking
Authors: Lee Eun‐Ju , Kwon Kyoung‐Nan , Schumann David W. 
Published: September 2005

PurposeFor a new technology‐based product or service at an early stage of diffusion, it is likely that only a small subset of consumers have adopted it. When non‐adopters still comprise the majority of the target populations, describing all non‐adopters as a homogeneous population may be inaccurate and inappropriate. It is important to be able to identify differences, not only between adopters and non‐adopters, but also among non‐adopters, the latter providing a means of identifying the consumer segments likely to be profitable in the future. The first objective of this paper is to demonstrate the appropriateness of further segmenting the non‐adopter category based on motivations (intentions) to adopt internet‐banking by those who are “persistent non‐adopters” and those who are likely “prospective adopters”. The second objective of this paper is to further the understanding of the adoption process of internet banking by examining a range of diffusion factors that affect consumers’ adoption behavior.Design/methodology/approachThis study identifies three adopter segments, persistent non‐adopters, prospective adopters, and adopters, in the diffusion of internet banking services based on individuals’ intentions to adopt internet banking and their actual adoption behavior, using the data collected by the Graphic, Visualization, & Usability Center and Georgia Tech Research Corporation. Selective adoption factors (i.e. perceived attribute importance of internet banking, perceived risk, compatibility with existing banking services, and compatibility with the internet and computer technologies) were used to predict individuals’ adoption status through multinomial logit modeling.FindingsIt was found that further segmenting the non‐adopter category revealed meaningful differences between prospective adopters and persistent non‐adopters. This study reflects that the previous research practice of bifurcating adoption categories (adoption versus non‐adoption) is oversimplified. The two qualitatively different segments, prospective adopters and persistent non‐adopters, should not be lumped together in the diffusion of internet banking.Originality/valueThis study provides comparison profiles of the three adopter categories and discusses marketing implications for segmentation.
The Salvation Army
Authors: Howson Keith 
Published: September 2005

PurposeThis article seeks to provide insight into internal control principles within a significant non‐profit organisation.Design/methodology/approachA review of archival and general literature sources.FindingsThe article provides the background to the development of financial administration of The Salvation Army, chronicling early approaches to fund raising and attitudes to public accountability. It also sets out the early framework for regulating financial management and internal controls on financial matters. It presents a detailed account of a major breakdown in controls. It concludes with a brief summary of key guideline breakdowns.Originality/valueThis paper will be of interest to financial administrators in non‐profit organisations.