bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detrimental impact of early biopsy‐proven rejection in liver transplantation
Authors: Aufhauser David D. , Stalter Lily , Marka Nicholas , Leverson Glen , Al‐Adra David P. , Foley David P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExisting literature offers conflicting conclusions about whether early acute cellular rejection influences long‐term outcomes in liver transplantation. We retrospectively collected donor and recipient data on all adult, first‐time liver transplants performed at a single center between 2008 and 2020. We divided this population into two cohorts based on the presence of early biopsy‐proven acute cellular rejection (EBPR) within the first 90 days post‐transplant and compared outcomes between the groups. There were 896 liver transplants that met inclusion criteria with 112 cases (12.5%) of EBPR. Recipients who developed EBPR had higher biochemical Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease scores (28 vs. 24, p < .01), but other donor and recipient characteristics were similar. Recipients with EBPR had similar overall survival compared to patients without EBPR (p = .09) but had decreased graft survival (p < .05). EBPR was also associated with decreased time to first episode of late (> 90 days post‐transplant) rejection (p < .0001) and increased vulnerability to bacterial and viral infection (p < .05). In subgroup analysis of recipients with autoimmune indications for liver transplantation, EBPR had a more pronounced association with patient death (hazard ratio [HR] 3.9, p < .05) and graft loss (HR 4.0, p < .01). EBPR after liver transplant is associated with inferior graft survival, increased susceptibility to late rejections, and increased vulnerability to infection.
Simultaneous split liver/kidney transplantation: A national and single center experience report
Authors: Rastogi Radhika , Vargas Paola A. , Oberholzer Jose , Pelletier Shawn , Goldaracena Nicolas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundEnd‐stage liver disease (ESLD) and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) are prevalent diseases for which the definitive treatment is transplantation. With limited organ supply, strategies to maximize organ availability has led to increasing rates of split liver transplantations for ESLD patients. Therefore, simultaneous split liver and kidney transplantations (SSLK) for patients with ESLD and ESRD could represent a treatment option for comorbid patients. However, current practice and outcomes after SSLK are unknown.MethodsWe aim to report national trends and our experience with patients undergoing SSLK. We performed a retrospective review of the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) Standard Transplant Analysis and Research file from January 2011–April 2022. Descriptive analysis of preoperative characteristics, postoperative outcomes and actuarial graft and patient survivals are reported.ResultsNational review of the UNOS transplant registry from 2011–2021 of adult patients undergoing initial transplantation via SSLK demonstrates that this procedure remains uncommon, with only 76 such cases captured in that time. Nevertheless, survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years remains robust, at 94%, 92%, and 90% for patients overall, 90%, 88%, 88%, for the liver graft, and 93%, 91%, 88% for the kidney graft, respectively. Review of a single center experience with three such patients from 2019–2021 has shown a safe, enduring transplant option with no graft complications seen.ConclusionsSSLK is both safe and a feasible option to optimize organ supply while allowing recipients to receive quality liver and kidney grafts and should be considered more often by transplant centers going forward.
Impact of pancreas transplantation alone on kidney function: A multicenter clinical cohort study
Authors: Kaur Ravinder Jeet , Mujtahedi Syed Saad , Fridell Jonathan A. , Benavides Xiomara , Smith Byron , Larson Timothy S. , Rizvi Shafaq R. , Kukla Aleksandra , Dean Patrick , Kudva Yogish C. , Odorico Jon , Stegall Mark 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPancreas transplantation alone (PTA) is a β cell replacement option for selected patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus; concerns have been raised regarding deterioration in kidney function (KF) after PTA. This retrospective multicenter study assessed actual impact of transplantation and immunosuppression on KF in PTA recipients at three Transplant Centers. The primary composite endpoint 10 years after PTA was >50% eGFR decline, eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2, and/or receiving a kidney transplant (KT). Overall, 822 PTA recipients met eligibility. Median baseline and 10‐year eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) were 76.3 (58.1–100.8) and 51.3 (35.3–65.9), respectively. Primary composite endpoint occurred in 98 patients (53.5%) with 45 experiencing a >50% decrease in eGFR by 10 years post‐transplant, 38 eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 49 requiring KT. KF declined most significantly within 6 months post‐PTA, more often in females and patients with better preserved GFR up to 5 years with 11.6% kidney failure at 10 years. Patient survival and death‐censored graft survival were both 68% at 10 years with overall graft thrombosis rate 8%. KF declined initially after PTA but stabilized with further slow progression. In conclusion, prospective intervention studies are needed to test renal sparing interventions while gathering more granular data.
Cytological features of cranial and paraspinal nerve Tumours
Authors: Mittenzwei Rhonda , Yoda Rebecca A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe 2021 World Health Organization Classification of Central Nervous System Tumours introduced significant revisions to the categorization of paraspinal and nerve sheath tumours. This updated system encompasses seven tumour types: schwannoma, neurofibroma, perineurioma, hybrid nerve sheath tumours, malignant melanotic nerve sheath tumour, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour and cauda equina neuroendocrine tumour. This review provides an image‐rich cytologic reference of these tumours, with particular emphasis on intraoperative smear preparations. Knowledge of the key cytological features of these tumours and their differential diagnoses will help guide classification of these challenging entities.
Use of cytology fluid samples for predictive biomarker testing in lung cancer patients
Authors: Hawkins Paul , Stevenson Tracey , Powari Manish 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo provide a method of directly using cytology fluid samples for predictive biomarker testing in lung cancer patients and to determine the efficacy of a variety of fluid sample types.MethodA review of our in‐house data from a range of cytology samples including endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) fine‐needle aspirate (FNA) needle washings (NW) and serous effusions tested on the Biocartis Idylla platform. All fluid samples were originally tested using Sanger sequencing.ResultsUsing our method for fluid samples all of our cytology samples tested for epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) yielded valid results on this platform and all variant cases identified. The data showed serous fluids provided the best quality DNA, and variant genotype reports were obtained within 150 minutes.ConclusionCytology fluid samples can be used for predictive biomarker testing for lung cancer patients to provide in‐house results with all fluids providing good‐quality DNA.
Forecasting the spread of an invasive forest‐defoliating insect
Authors: Walter Jonathan A. , Grage Kathryn , Nunez‐Mir Gabriela C. , Grayson Kristine L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimBiological invasions are an escalating environmental challenge due to their substantial ecological and socio‐economic consequences. Accurate near‐term forecasts of future areas occupied by an invasive species could enhance the efficiency and efficacy of invasion monitoring and management but spread forecasting models have been developed and tested for few invasive species thus far.LocationNortheastern USA.MethodsWe developed a quantitative model to forecast 1‐year‐ahead occupancy of Lymantria dispar dispar, an expanding invasive forest insect introduced into the eastern United States in 1869 that causes large‐scale defoliation of forests. We validated and tested the model using historical distribution and density data from a large‐scale network of pheromone‐baited traps. We first assessed how forecast accuracy depended on trap catch density thresholds for determining occupancy and on the spatial scale of local connectivity measures. Next, we tested how increasing the computational complexity and biological detail encoded in the models affected prediction accuracy.ResultsModels using lower occupancy thresholds and measuring connectivity over shorter distances tended to perform best. A simple model using only coarse and generic representations of habitat suitability and local diffusive spread potential performed at least as well as more complex models. Our best models achieved total accuracy and true‐positive rates exceeding 95%.ConclusionsOur baseline model illustrates the utility of a mechanistic model to forecast year‐to‐year occupancy dynamics of L. dispar. Near‐term spread forecasting can be a valuable tool for invasion management, even for species without detailed a priori ecological knowledge.
Pathological neurons generate ripples at the UP‐DOWN transition disrupting information transfer
Authors: Weiss Shennan A. , Fried Itzhak , Engel Jerome , Bragin Anatol , Wang Shuang , Sperling Michael R. , Wong Robert K. S. , Nir Yuval , Staba Richard J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo confirm and investigate why pathological high‐frequency oscillations (pHFOs), including ripples (80–200 Hz) and fast ripples (200–600 Hz), are generated during the UP‐DOWN transition of the slow wave and if information transmission mediated by ripple temporal coupling is disrupted in the seizure‐onset zone (SOZ).MethodsWe isolated 217 total units from 175.95 intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) contact‐hours of synchronized macro‐ and microelectrode recordings from 6 patients. Sleep slow oscillation (.1–2 Hz) epochs were identified in the iEEG recording. iEEG HFOs that occurred superimposed on the slow wave were transformed to phasors and adjusted by the phase of maximum firing in nearby units (i.e., maximum UP). We tested whether, in the SOZ, HFOs and associated action potentials (APs) occur more often at the UP‐DOWN transition. We also examined ripple temporal correlations using cross‐correlograms.ResultsAt the group level in the SOZ, HFO and HFO‐associated AP probability was highest during the UP‐DOWN transition of slow wave excitability (p < < .001). In the non‐SOZ, HFO and HFO‐associated AP was highest during the DOWN‐UP transition (p < < .001). At the unit level in the SOZ, 15.6% and 20% of units exhibited more robust firing during ripples (Cohen's d = .11–.83) and fast ripples (d = .36–.90) at the UP‐DOWN transition (p < .05 f.d.r. corrected), respectively. By comparison, also in the SOZ, 6.6% (d = .14–.30) and 8.5% (d = .33–.41) of units had significantly less firing during ripples and fast ripples at the UP‐DOWN transition, respectively. Additional data shows that ripple and fast ripple temporal correlations, involving global slow waves, between the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and parahippocampal gyrus were reduced by >50% in the SOZ compared to the non‐SOZ (N = 3).SignificanceThe UP‐DOWN transition of slow wave excitability facilitates the activation of pathological neurons to generate pHFOs. Ripple temporal correlations across brain regions may be important in memory consolidation and are disrupted in the SOZ, perhaps by pHFO generation.
Permutation entropy‐derived parameters to estimate the epileptogenic zone network
Authors: Bratu Ionuț‐Flavius , Makhalova Julia , Garnier Elodie , Villalon Samuel Medina , Jegou Aude , Bonini Francesca , Lagarde Stanislas , Pizzo Francesca , Trébuchon Agnès , Scavarda Didier , Carron Romain , Bénar Christian , Bartolomei Fabrice 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveQuantification of the epileptogenic zone network (EZN) most frequently implies analysis of seizure onset. However, important information can also be obtained from the postictal period, characterized by prominent changes in the EZN. We used permutation entropy (PE), a measure of signal complexity, to analyze the peri‐ictal stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) signal changes with emphasis on the postictal state. We sought to determine the best PE‐derived parameter (PEDP) for identifying the EZN.MethodsSeveral PEDPs were computed retrospectively on SEEG‐recorded seizures of 86 patients operated on for drug‐resistant epilepsy: mean baseline preictal entropy, minimum ictal entropy, maximum postictal entropy, the ratio between the maximum postictal and the minimum ictal entropy, and the ratio between the maximum postictal and the baseline preictal entropy. The performance of each biomarker was assessed by comparing the identified epileptogenic contacts or brain regions against the EZN defined by clinical analysis incorporating the Epileptogenicity Index and the connectivity epileptogenicity index methods (EZNc), using the receiver‐operating characteristic and precision‐recall.ResultsThe ratio between the maximum postictal and the minimum ictal entropy (defined as the Permutation Entropy Index [PEI]) proved to be the best‐performing PEDP to identify the EZNC. It demonstrated the highest area under the curve (AUC) and F1 score at the contact level (AUC 0.72; F1 0.39) and at the region level (AUC 0.78; F1 0.47). PEI values gradually decreased between the EZN, the propagation network, and the non‐involved regions. PEI showed higher performance in patients with slow seizure‐onset patterns than in those with fast seizure‐onset patterns. The percentage of resected epileptogenic regions defined by PEI was significantly correlated with surgical outcome.SignificancePEI is a promising tool to improve the delineation of the EZN. PEI combines ease and robustness in a routine clinical setting with high sensitivity for seizures without fast activity at seizure onset.
Depthwise channel attention network (DWCAN): An efficient and lightweight model for single image super‐resolution and metaverse gaming
Authors: Yasir Muhammad , Ullah Inam , Choi Chang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSingle image super‐resolution (SISR) has gained significant attention in image processing and computer vision, driven by deep learning‐based models like convolutional neural networks (CNN). Yet, the resource‐intensive nature of these models poses challenges when deploying them on edge devices. To address this issue, resource‐constrained models need to be developed. While recent models like the information distillation network (IDN), the information multi‐distillation network (IMDN), the residual feature distillation network (RFDN), and so on, have attempted to reduce parameters and computational complexity, further optimization remains vital. Therefore, this paper presents an approach to enhancing the efficiency and lightweight nature of the SISR. We introduce a novel lightweight SR model by building upon the RFDN architecture, the winner of the AIM2020 and NTIRE2022 SR challenges. The proposed depthwise channel attention network (DWCAN) model makes some key changes to RFDN. First, it replaces the main residual feature distillation block (RFDB) with a depthwise channel attention block (DWCAB). Additionally, DWCAN includes a shallow residual block (SRB) with depthwise separable convolution (DW) and a channel attention (CA) block. The primary goal of our work is to significantly reduce model parameters, computational operations, inference time, and memory size while maintaining or improving a peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) of 29 dB. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. By applying our modifications, we achieve a notable reduction in model complexity, leading to an improved PSNR of 29.07 dB, up from RFDN's 29.04 dB on a diverse 2 K resolution (DIV2K) dataset. This underscores the potential of our lightweight model to balance computational efficiency and SR quality. Additionally, the proposed work is essential for the metaverse for two key reasons: (1) Enhancing visual quality by adding complex details to textures and objects, making the digital world feel more like reality. (2) Ensuring device compatibility across a range of gadgets, from smartphones to VR headsets, optimizing the metaverse experience for all users. In short, a lightweight single image super‐resolution model for image reconstruction is proposed in this paper.
Caste and Black intergenerational racial trauma in the United States of America
Authors: Watson Marlene F. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe United States (U.S.) racial caste system and White dominance began in slavery, culminating in Black intergenerational racial trauma. Until recently, Black intergenerational racial trauma largely was ignored by family scholars and therapists. Given that Black intergenerational racial trauma is inseparable from racial caste in the United States, it should be regarded as a wider, systemic problem, requiring intervention at the micro (e.g., family) and macro (e.g., society) levels. The U.S. dominant White society's investment in conserving racial caste furthers the ideological (e.g., political) and sentimental (e.g., democratic ideals) nullification of Black intergenerational racial trauma. Therefore, Black intergenerational racial trauma is often disenfranchised and can hamper Black people's experience of racial trauma as a collective. As passive bystanders, family scholars and therapists are co‐conspirators in the long, enduring suffering of Black people. As advocates, family scholars and therapists are called upon to name the racial hierarchy in the United States as a caste system and to advance Black humanization. Specifically, Wilkerson's (Caste: The origins of our discontents. Random House, 2020) notion of the U.S. racial hierarchy as a functioning caste system frames the discussion of Black intergenerational racial trauma and includes the following topics: Black racial trauma, disenfranchised Black intergenerational racial trauma, collective Black intergenerational racial trauma, Black intergenerational racial trauma and the U.S. academy (traditionally White institutions of higher learning), history and its impact on Black intergenerational racial trauma, the Black body and racial trauma, intersectionality and the U.S. caste system, and collective hope and resilience.
Education‐migration brokers, international student mobilities and digital transformations in pre‐ and post‐pandemic times
Authors: Luk Shing Ho , Yeoh Brenda 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOriginating in the early 20th century, international education migration has undergone significant growth to become a sprawling industry responsible for managing substantial student mobility. This process encompasses more than just the students themselves, incorporating a diverse array of actors, regulations, and technologies. Within this multifaceted system, commercial brokers play a vital role by actively facilitating the intricate and interconnected interactions involved in international education migration. This review takes a critical look at the evolving role of commercial brokers in international student mobilities, with a particular focus on the COVID‐19 pandemic and its aftermath. Brokers are presented as key intermediaries, bridging the gap between state mechanisms and migrating students, and contributing significantly to economic development through education migration. The review explores the layered relationships between brokers and students, taking into account not only economic aspects but also the social, cultural, and interpersonal factors that shape these interactions. Additionally, it considers the impact of digital transformation on commercial brokers, revealing how digital platforms have necessitated a reevaluation of their roles in an increasingly globalized educational landscape. In underscoring the growing importance of commercial brokers in the post‐pandemic education‐migration landscape, the review concludes that brokerage is best conceived as a complex, technologically‐mediated social practice that bridges state policies, migrants' aspirations, and the overarching digital landscape.
Unpacking the black box of investor sentiment: Structured sentiment and unstructured sentiment
Authors: Xiang Lan , Ma Yong , Liu Zhiyu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper dissects investor sentiment into two distinct components: structured sentiment and unstructured sentiment, based on their underlying driving factors. Employing an extension of the classic noise trader model, our analysis reveals a negative relationship between market returns and both types of sentiment—structured and unstructured. Additionally, we find a positive association between market volatility and fluctuations in these sentiment components. Furthermore, the impact of fluctuations in unstructured sentiment on market volatility becomes more pronounced as the proportion of noise traders increases. Importantly, our theoretical assertions are robustly supported by empirical data.
Entry deterrence strategies for an incumbent supply chain in the presence of inertial consumer and optimistic entrant
Authors: Xu Peng , Xiao Tiaojun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhen entering a new market, entrepreneurs generally hold an optimistic belief about the inertia of consumers (i.e., consumer's tendency to repurchase the incumbent product), leading to a high rate of failure. This paper constructs a supply chain with one manufacturer, one retailer, and one potential optimistic entrant who attempts to enter the wholesaling market. We characterize how the behaviors of the entrant's optimism and consumer's inertia jointly affect the pricing (deterrence) strategy of the incumbent manufacturer, entry strategy of the entrant, and equilibrium decisions in the post‐entry game. Interestingly, our results show that: (i) in the post‐entry game, both behaviors could benefit the two manufacturers but are detrimental to the retailer; (ii) in the entry strategy, when consumers are moderately inertial or the entrant is highly optimistic, the entrant will suffer from an incorrect entry decision and then has an unprofitable entry; (iii) in the pricing strategy, the incumbent manufacturer will set the normal wholesale price to blockade the entry if consumers have high inertia or the entrant has a low optimism; otherwise, he will set a new price to accommodate the entry. Furthermore, we discuss two different cases, finding that (iv) the existence of the retailer weakens the deterrent power of the incumbent manufacturer; and (v) the retailer will induce the manufacturer to accommodate the entry when the entrant is moderately optimistic.