bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and mechanical characteristics of silk fibroin and chitosan blend scaffolds for tissue regeneration
Authors: Gobin Andrea S. , Froude Victoria E. , Mathur Anshu B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe expanding field of tissue engineering has required the necessity of developing biomaterials that are tissue compatible, biodegradable, and comparable in mechanical properties to that of native tissue. We propose that the blending of two natural polymers, silk fibroin (SF) and chitosan (CS), into a 3D scaffold will provide unique chemical, structural, and mechanical properties that can be utilized for in vivo tissue regeneration. SF is an attractive material for biomedical applications because it is a fibrous protein that has high permeability to oxygen and water, relatively low thrombogenicity, low inflammatory response, protease susceptibility, supports cell adhesion and growth, and, foremost, high tensile strength with flexibility. CS is a crystalline polysaccharide, with structure similar to glycosaminoglycans, that has good wound healing properties, is nontoxic, and has minimal foreign body reactions. We hypothesized that increasing the SF‐to‐CS ratio would increase the ultimate tensile strength and elastic modulus and decrease the water capacity of the SFCS scaffolds. With increasing content of silk fibroin, it is observed that the ultimate tensile strength and elastic modulus increase significantly. The ultimate tensile strength and the elastic modulus were significantly higher in the short axis direction for 25:75 and 50:50 SFCS blends as compared to the long axis (p < 0.05), while they were similar for the 75:25 SFCS blend. However, no differences were observed in the strain at failure among blends or due to directionality of applied strain. Increasing the chitosan content resulted in an increased water capacity of SFCS blends. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Bone formation in calvarial defects of Sprague‐Dawley rats by transplantation of calcium phosphate glass
Authors: Moon Hyun‐Ju , Kim Kyoung‐Nam , Kim Kwang‐Mahn , Choi Seong‐Ho , Kim Chong‐Kwan , Kim Kee‐Deog , LeGeros Racquel Z. , Lee Yong‐Keun 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the bone‐regenerative effect of calcium phosphate glass in vivo. We prepared amorphous calcium phosphate glass powder having a mean particle size of 400 μm in the system CaO‐CaF2‐P2O5‐MgO‐ZnO. Calvarial critical‐sized defects (8 mm) were created in 60 male Sprague‐Dawley rats. The animals were divided into an experimental group and control group of 30 animals each. Each defect was filled with a constant weight of 0.5 g calcium phosphate glass powder mixed with saline. As a control, the defect was left empty. The rats were sacrificed 2, 4, or 8 weeks postsurgery, and the results evaluated using radiodensitometric and histological studies; they were also examined histomorphometrically. When the calcium phosphate glass powders with 400‐μm particles were grafted, the defects were nearly completely filled with new‐formed bone in a clean healing condition after 8 weeks. It was observed that the prepared calcium phosphate glass enhanced new bone formation in the calvarial defect of Sprague‐Dawley rats and could be expected to have potential for use as a hard tissue regeneration material. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Mechanism of the formation of a dehydrated ion by an unusual loss of oxygen at the 4′‐carbonyl group of abscisic acid methyl ester in electron ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Inomata Masahiro , Hirai Nobuhiro , Takeda Naohito , Ohigashi Hajime 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMethyl ester of abscisic acid (ABA), a plant hormone, gives a dehydrated ion at m/z 260 in electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI–MS). This dehydrated ion had been considered to be derived only from the elimination of the tertiary hydroxyl group at C‐1′. We found that 34% of the dehydrated ion was formed by elimination of the oxygen atom at the 4′‐carbonyl group, and the remaining 66% by elimination of the 1′‐hydroxyl group. This unusual elimination of the carbonyl oxygen was shown with [4′‐18O]ABA methyl ester. Involvement of the 4′‐carbonyl oxygen in dehydration was observed in methyl ester of phaseic acid (PA), a natural metabolite of ABA, but not in 1′‐deoxy‐ABA methyl ester or isophorone. This suggested that the 1′‐hydroxyl group was necessary for the elimination of the 4′‐carbonyl oxygen. ABA methyl esters labeled with stable isotopes showed that hydrogen atoms at the 1′‐hydroxyl group and at C‐4 or ‐5 or ‐3′ or ‐ 5′ or ‐7′ were eliminated with the 4′‐carbonyl oxygen. These results allow us to propose a formation mechanism of the dehydrated ion derived from the elimination of 4′‐carbonyl oxygen and hydrogen atoms at C‐4 and 1′‐oxygen in ABA methyl ester as follows: first, ionization at the 1′‐hydroxyl group occurs to give an ion radical, and the proton at the 1′‐oxygen migrates to the 4′‐carbonyl oxygen after the bond fission between C‐1′–C‐6′; second, migration of the proton at C‐4 to the 1′‐oxygen is followed by migration of the protons at C‐5 and C‐7′ to C‐4 and C‐5, respectively; finally, the proton at the 1′‐oxygen migrates to the 4′‐hydroxyl group, and H2O at C‐4′ is eliminated to give the dehydrated ion. Our findings point out that a dehydrated ion is not always derived from the elimination of a hydroxyl group. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogen‐shift isomerism: mass spectrometry of isomeric benzenesulfonate and 2‐, 3‐ and 4‐dehydrobenzenesulfonic acid anions in the gas phase
Authors: Ben‐Ari Julius , Etinger Alex , Weisz Adrian , Mandelbaum Asher 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe isomeric 3‐ and 4‐dehydrobenzenesulfonic acid anions b and c were prepared by collision induced dissociation (CID) of the [M − H]− ions of isomeric sulfobenzoic acids obtained by negative electrospray ionization (ESI). The CID spectra (MS3) of anions b and c are different from each other, and both are different from that of the isomeric benzenesulfonate anion a, obtained from benzenesulfonic acid. The stability of ions b and c shows that 1,2‐proton transfer does not take place in this system under the conditions of the CID experiment. Density functional (DFT) calculations at B3LYP/6‐31+G(2d,p) level of theory show that benzenesulfonate anion a is the most stable isomer, and the energies of isomers b and c are higher by more than 65 kcal mol−1. The calculated energies of the transition states involved in the 1,2‐hydrogen migration leading to the interconversion of the isomeric anions are very high (>120 kcal mol−1relative to ion a, barrier energies >55 kcal mol−1), much higher than those of transition structures leading to fragmentation. This situation does not allow isomerization of ions b and c to a, under the conditions of the CID experiments. The isomeric 2‐dehydrobenzenesulfonic acid anion isomerizes to the benzenesulfonate anion a by a facile proton transfer from the SO3H group to the adjacent position 2. The results of this work indicate that the gas phase deprotonation of meta‐ and para‐sulfobenzoic acids is a kinetically controlled process. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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13C NMR study of peach oil
Authors: da Silva Emerson O , Bathista André LBS , Tavares Maria Inês B , Filho Nicolau Priante , Nogueira José de S 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe detailed analysis of peach seed oil was performed using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. From the 13C NMR solution spectra it was possible to detect the content of saturated, mostly palmitic fatty acids (∼100 g kg−1), the oleic–linoleic ratio in sn‐1,3 and sn‐2 positions was (2:1 and 1:2) and the positional distribution of glycerol esters on triacylglycerol chains, which is a mixture of OPO and OOP. With these characteristics this oil can be used in food applications. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Novel Photoactive Polymeric Multilayer Films Formed via Electrostatic Self‐Assembly
Authors: Zapotoczny Szczepan , Golonka Monika , Nowakowska Maria 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: We demonstrate a novel approach for constructing photoactive multilayer films in which the aggregation of fluorescing molecules is effectively eliminated. In the films formed via a layer‐by‐layer electrostatic self‐assembly technique, the core‐shell amphiphilic copolymer, poly[(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate)‐block‐vinylnaphthalene], was deposited. The isolated cores served as nanosized host sites for photoactive guest molecules (pyrene, perylene). The efficient energy transfer between polymeric chromophores and perylene molecules was observed.AFM image of a nanostructured polymeric film prepared via a layer‐by‐layer technique and containing photoactive block copolymer poly[(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate)‐block‐vinylnaphthalene]. Below is the representative height profile taken along the drawn line.magnified imageAFM image of a nanostructured polymeric film prepared via a layer‐by‐layer technique and containing photoactive block copolymer poly[(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate)‐block‐vinylnaphthalene]. Below is the representative height profile taken along the drawn line.
Photomechanical Switching Behavior of Semi‐Interpenetrating Polymer Network Consisting of Azobenzene‐Carrying Crosslinked Poly(vinyl ether) and Polycarbonate
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Kyoung , Wang Xiao‐Shui , Fujita Yukihiro , Sudo Atsushi , Nishida Haruo , Fujii Masayuki , Endo Takeshi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: A novel semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (semi‐IPN) with photomechanical switching ability was developed by a cationic copolymerization of azobenzene‐containing vinyl ethers in a matrix of a linear polycarbonate (PC). The semi‐IPN film showed reversible deformation upon switching the UV irradiation on and off and responded with unprecedented rapidity. The photomechanical effect is attributed to a reversible change between the highly aggregated and dissociated states of the azobenzene groups.The reversible UV response of the length of the semi‐IPN film at 25 °C.magnified imageThe reversible UV response of the length of the semi‐IPN film at 25 °C.
Comparison of high‐resolution echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging with conventional MR imaging of prostate tumors in mice
Authors: Du Weiliang , Fan Xiaobing , Foxley Sean , Zamora Marta , River Jonathan N. , Culp Rita M. , Karczmar Gregory S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHigh spectral and spatial resolution (HiSS) MRI of rodent tumors has previously been performed using conventional spectroscopic imaging to obtain images with improved contrast and anatomic detail. The work described here evaluates the use of much faster echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) to acquire HiSS data from rodent tumor models of prostate cancer. A high‐resolution EPSI pulse sequence was implemented on a 4.7 T Bruker scanner. Three‐dimensional EPSI data were Fourier‐transformed along the k‐space and temporal (free‐induction decay) axes to produce detailed water and fat spectra associated with each small image voxel. The data were used to generate images of spectral parameters, e.g. peak‐height images for each small voxel. Two variants of EPSI were performed; gradient‐echo or spin‐echo excitation with EPSI readout. These imaging methods were tested in commonly used rodent prostate cancers, including seven mice implanted with non‐metastatic AT2.1 (n = 3) and metastatic AT3.1 (n = 4) prostate tumors on the hind leg, and 10 mice implanted with LNCaP prostate cancers in situ. The peak‐height images derived from EPSI datasets provide more detailed tumor anatomy, improved signal‐to‐noise and contrast‐to‐noise ratios compared with the gradient‐echo or spin‐echo images at all echo times. The results suggest that HiSS MRI data from small animal models of prostate cancer can be acquired using EPSI, and that this approach improves imaging of heterogeneous tissue and vascular environments inside the tumors compared with conventional MR techniques. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dislocation of the hip: Discussion of eleven cases from mediaeval France
Authors: Blondiaux Joël , Millot Frédéric 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFrom a sample of approximately 700 individuals, dating from the fourth to the thirteenth centuries, we selected seven cases of permanent hip dislocation and four hip subluxations. A description of each case is followed by a possible diagnosis and a short review of the palaeopathological literature. Finally, we try and correlate macroscopic features, their evolution and association with the main possible aetiologies: congenital, traumatic, tuberculous and paralytic.
Evidence of disease and trauma in the fossil man from Atapuerca‐Ibeas (Burgos, Spain)
Authors: Pérez Pilar‐Julia 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper presents evidence, in hominids from Atapuerca‐lbeas identified up to now as being from the Middle Pleistocene, of disease, trauma and other processes that can be investigated in palaeopathology. The objective is to contribute, from this scientific area, and in a more significant form, to the studies about the palaeoecology and palaeobiology in general of these populations. The numerous findings discovered recently and new fieldwork give promising perspectives.
Microscopical findings associated with the diagnosis of osteoporosis in palaeopathology
Authors: Roberts Charlotte , Wakely Jennifer 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper presents some preliminary results on microscopical identification of microfractures in human skeletal remains which may be associated with osteoporosis. A technique is described for the examination of cancellous bone and applied to a number of vertebrae and one radius. All the material used is Romano‐British or English medieval. However, microscopical screening for osteoporosis could form a useful part of comparative studies on historically or geographically different populations. The archaeological significance of osteoporosis in terms of skeletal ageing and nutritional status is discussed.
The diagnosis of pituitary disease from human skeletal remains
Authors: Hawkins Desmond 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether the radiological criteria once widely used when investigating pituitary disease in the living can be applied to early man. The material examined forms part of the assemblage of skulls in the Duckworth Collection in Cambridge.It proved possible to measure the sella turcica from the radiographs of 88 of 155 predynastic adult Egyptian skulls with an intact base. These were compared with the measurements from 41 of 76 adult Burmese skulls of more recent origin and those of a randomly selected sample of living Caucasian adults. There was a wide range of sellar volumes in all three groups. The results were subjected to statistical analysis.Opportunities to apply the results of this study have been limited to the assessment of sellar erosion in a predynastic Badarian, review of the diagnosis of acromegaly in a, presumed, early Egyptian and the investigation of a hydrocephalic skull. The radiological examination of human skeletal remains thought to show evidence of pituitary disease or hydrocephalus can make palaeopathological diagnoses more secure.
Impression and replica methods for studying hypoplasia and perikymata on human tooth crown surfaces from archaeological sites
Authors: Hillson Simon W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPerikymata and enamel hypoplasia can be studied most easily by light and scanning electron microscopy of replicas rather than of the original tooth crown surface. Delicate archaeological specimens require special handling. Selection of specimens and cleaning technique are some of the most important factors in producing good replicas, and this paper outlines procedures that have been developed over some years. Several widely available materials produce similarly detailed initial impressions of the crown surface, but an addition‐type silicone dental impression material is recommended here because of its superior stability. The replica itself is cast in the mould of the original impression, and a slow‐curing low‐viscosity Araldite resin‐hardener system is recommended. The paper outlines procedures for taking impressions from a variety of dental remains, together with methods for handling, examining and storing the replicas. The non‐destructive techniques outlined here make it possible to take records of large numbers of crown surfaces in the field, or during a short museum visit, for later study in the laboratory. Many replicas can be produced from one original crown surface impression and the replicas are very robust—they can be mailed easily to other researchers for records or comparative studies. With continuing calls for reburial or repatriation of archaeological human remains, the production of a permanent record for future study is of considerable concern.
Information obtained from the microscopic examination of cultural striations in human dentition
Authors: Fox C. Lalueza 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe surfaces of teeth from some fossil remains and archaeological samples have been examined by SEM, in order to study different types of cultural striations and to determine the archaeological information that these striations can provide. Different patterns of cultural striations are present in human samples from different sites and periods. Similar cultural striations can be interpreted in different ways, depending on the tooth in which they are present, their location in the tooth and their direction, regularity, number and width. The study of cultural striations can yield valuable information about different aspects of feeding behaviour, oral hygiene, patterns of cultural diffusion and manipulative work with teeth of past human groups. A close integration with other anthropological and archaeological data is needed and specific interpretations should be made in each case.
Multiple myeloma in an early medieval skeleton
Authors: Alt Kurt W. , Adler Claus‐Peter 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDetailed studies on neoplasms in prehistoric populations are rare. Each well‐documented case can therefore add to our knowledge. In former times, palaeopathology could present only tentative diagnoses in the case of tumours. Today, modern diagnostic methods and a comparison with established cases make exact evaluations and their verification possible. During our study it became obvious that criteria for the diagnosis of recent tumours can be used as a guide. In this paper we present the most important findings of a malignant primary bone tumour (multiple myeloma) in an early medieval skeleton and its differential diagnoses. Even in the absence of histological findings, the remaining criteria (X‐ray, age, localization, macroscopic features) permit the diagnosis of multiple myeloma to be made with some certainty.
Population‐specific stature reconstruction for medieval Trondheim, Norway
Authors: Hanson Christine L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTemporal changes in average stature are often used as a measure of a past population's adaptation, or lack of it. Traditionally, stature estimates have been calculated using formulae derived from limb proportions of cadavers. However, many authors have noted the problem of regional or population variation in body proportions of such reconstructed ratios. Before differences in stature can be attributed to environmental adaptation, ‘ethnic’ or population differences in limb ratios must be taken into account. The present paper calculates the stature of a medieval Norwegian skeletal sample using archaeological plan femur length and dry bone femur length. The author presents a variety of formulae and compares the stature derived from these calculations to the stature derived from archaeological plans. The Trondheim statures are then compared to stature reconstructions of other contemporary populations.
Sellar Pathology in a middle Bronze Age skull from Southern Italy
Authors: Canci A. , Repetto E. , Tarli S. M. Borgognini 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper describes a case of an intrasellar tumour found in a male skull from Southern Italy dating from the middle Bronze Age. The sella turcica shows considerable enlargement in all diameters, erosion of the dorsum and marked depression of the floor. These features are consistent with a diagnosis of pituitary tumour, probably a non‐secreting adenoma.
Evidence of a healed compression fracture in a Plio‐Pleistocene hominid talus from Sterkfontein, South Africa
Authors: Fisk G. R. , Macho G. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe object of this communication is to draw attention to the appearance of this fossil talus Stw 363, which carries a densely adherent fragment on its posterosuperior aspect. We have endeavoured to verify that this bony fragment could be the posterior half of the fractured calcaneus resulting from a fall on to the animal's left foot. Furthermore, it is suggested that this animal survived long enough for this fracture to unite by bone to the posterior aspect of the talus in this grossly displaced and unreduced deformity.
Alveolar bone status of some pre‐seventeenth century inhabitants of Taumako, Solomon Islands
Authors: Fyfe D. M. , Chandler N. P. , Wilson N. H. F. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe alveolar bone condition of 34 pre‐seventeenth century Solomon Island Polynesians aged 20–35 years was investigated from dental remains. The distance between the cementoenamel junction and the alveolar crest (CEJ‐AC distance) was measured for six index teeth. The mean CEJ‐AC measurements for each tooth, which ranged from 3.9 to 7.9 mm, greatly exceeded the distance of 2 mm frequently cited as representative of teeth supported by healthy bone. Many pathological bony defects were seen, suggestive of episodes of acute periodontitis with remissions to a quiescent phase.
Probable persistence of the remains of a Rouget‐Neumann sheath into the canalicular system of ancient human bone
Authors: Capasso Luigi , Tota Gabriella Di 
Published: June 2005

AbstractExamining histological sections obtained from human bones from Iron Age archaeological excavations (about third to fifth century BC, Alfedena and Sulmona, central Italy), the authors show the presence of an amorphous, afibrillary substance inside the osseous canaliculus in decalcified sections. This substance has shown unusual chromaffinity to staining using the Schmorl method with thionine and phosphowolframic acid. It is probably formed by acid mucopolysaccharides obtained from a transitory betametachromasia with toluidine blue staining at neutral pH. This metachromasia persists after digestion in bacterial collagenesis, but disappears after digestion in bovine testicular jaluronidasis. These reactions indicate that the endocanalicular substance may represent well‐kept remains of a Rouget‐Neumann sheath, which surrounds cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes.
A cripple from the medieval hospital of Sts James and Mary Magdalen, Chichester
Authors: Knüsel Christopher J. , Göggel Sonia 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe skeletal remains of a medieval leper from the hospital of Sts James and Mary Magdalene, Chichester, demonstrate osseous alterations in possible response to altered posture and crutch‐aided locomotion. This individual provides further insight into the possible identification of osseous changes commensurate with maintained abnormal posture and strenuous use of one limb to aid locomotion. In this regard, it allows an appreciation and assessment of skeletal plasticity as a possible response to trauma and disease processes.