bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exciton-carrier coupling in a metal halide perovskite nanocrystal assembly probed by two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy
Authors: Rojas-Gatjens Esteban , Otto Tiede David , Koch Katherine A , Romero-Perez Carlos , Galisteo-López Juan F , Calvo Mauricio E , Míguez Hernán , Srimath Kandada Ajay Ram 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The surface chemistry and inter-connectivity within perovskite nanocrystals play a critical role in determining the electronic interactions. They manifest in the Coulomb screening of electron–hole correlations and the carrier relaxation dynamics, among other many-body processes. Here, we characterize the coupling between the exciton and free carrier states close to the band-edge in a ligand-free formamidinium lead bromide nanocrystal assembly via two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy. The optical signatures observed in this work show: (i) a nonlinear spectral lineshape reminiscent of Fano-like interference that evidences the coupling between discrete electronic states and a continuum, (ii) symmetric excited state absorption cross-peaks that suggest the existence of a coupled exciton-carrier excited state, and (iii) ultrafast carrier thermalization and exciton formation. Our results highlight the presence of coherent coupling between exciton and free carriers, particularly in the sub-100 femtosecond timescales.
An open-source robust machine learning platform for real-time detection and classification of 2D material flakes
Authors: Uslu Jan-Lucas , Ouaj Taoufiq , Tebbe David , Nekrasov Alexey , Bertram Jo Henri , Schütte Marc , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Beschoten Bernd , Waldecker Lutz , Stampfer Christoph 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The most widely used method for obtaining high-quality two-dimensional (2D) materials is through mechanical exfoliation of bulk crystals. Manual identification of suitable flakes from the resulting random distribution of crystal thicknesses and sizes on a substrate is a time-consuming, tedious task. Here, we present a platform for fully automated scanning, detection, and classification of 2D materials, the source code of which we make openly available. Our platform is designed to be accurate, reliable, fast, and versatile in integrating new materials, making it suitable for everyday laboratory work. The implementation allows fully automated scanning and analysis of wafers with an average inference time of 100 ms for images of 2.3 Mpixels. The developed detection algorithm is based on a combination of the flakes’ optical contrast toward the substrate and their geometric shape. We demonstrate that it is able to detect the majority of exfoliated flakes of various materials, with an average recall (AR50) between 67% and 89%. We also show that the algorithm can be trained with as few as five flakes of a given material, which we demonstrate for the examples of few-layer graphene, WSe2, MoSe2, CrI3, 1T-TaS2 and hexagonal BN. Our platform has been tested over a two-year period, during which more than 106 images of multiple different materials were acquired by over 30 individual researchers.
3D printed modular Bouligand dissipative structures with adjustable mechanical properties for gradient energy absorbing
Authors: Xiao Junfeng , Zhang Mengxing , Zhai Fei , Wei Hongrui , Liu Sen , Wang Peng , Liu Zhiyang , Ji Zhongying , Wang Xiaolong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing allows for the creation of complex, layered structures with precise micro and macro architectures that are not achievable through traditional methods. By designing 3D structures with geometric precision, it is possible to achieve selective regulation of mechanical properties, enabling efficient dissipation of mechanical energy. In this study, a series of modular samples inspired by the Bouligand structure were designed and produced using a direct ink writing system, along with a classical printable polydimethylsiloxane ink. By altering the angles of filaments in adjacent layers (from 30° to 90°) and the filament spacing during printing (from 0.8 mm to 2.4 mm), the mechanical properties of these modular samples can be adjusted. Compression mechanical testing revealed that the 3D printed modular Bouligand structures exhibit stress-strain responses that enable multiple adjustments of the elastic modulus from 0.06 MPa to over 0.8 MPa. The mechanical properties were adjusted more than 10 times in printed samples prepared using uniform materials. The gradient control mechanism of mechanical properties during this process was analyzed using finite element analysis. Finally, 3D printed customized modular Bouligand structures can be assembled to create an array with Bouligand structures displaying various orientations and interlayer details tailored to specific requirements. By decomposing the original Bouligand structure and then assembling the modular samples into a specialized array, this research aims to provide parameters for achieving gradient energy absorption structures through modular 3D printing.
YACHT: an ANI-based statistical test to detect microbial presence/absence in a metagenomic sample
Authors: Koslicki David , White Stephen , Ma Chunyu , Novikov Alexei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMotivationIn metagenomics, the study of environmentally associated microbial communities from their sampled DNA, one of the most fundamental computational tasks is that of determining which genomes from a reference database are present or absent in a given sample metagenome. Existing tools generally return point estimates, with no associated confidence or uncertainty associated with it. This has led to practitioners experiencing difficulty when interpreting the results from these tools, particularly for low-abundance organisms as these often reside in the “noisy tail” of incorrect predictions. Furthermore, few tools account for the fact that reference databases are often incomplete and rarely, if ever, contain exact replicas of genomes present in an environmentally derived metagenome.ResultsWe present solutions for these issues by introducing the algorithm YACHT: Yes/No Answers to Community membership via Hypothesis Testing. This approach introduces a statistical framework that accounts for sequence divergence between the reference and sample genomes, in terms of ANI, as well as incomplete sequencing depth, thus providing a hypothesis test for determining the presence or absence of a reference genome in a sample. After introducing our approach, we quantify its statistical power and how this changes with varying parameters. Subsequently, we perform extensive experiments using both simulated and real data to confirm the accuracy and scalability of this approach.Availability and implementationThe source code implementing this approach is available via Conda and at https://github.com/KoslickiLab/YACHT. We also provide the code for reproducing experiments at https://github.com/KoslickiLab/YACHT-reproducibles.
Accuracy of point-of-care testing devices for haemoglobin in the operating room: meta-analysis
Authors: Ahn Hilalion (San) , Lenet Tori , Gilbert Richard W D , Mallick Ranjeeta , Shaw Julie L V , Fergusson Dean A , McIsaac Daniel I , Martel Guillaume 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPoint-of-care tests (POCT) for haemoglobin are increasingly used to guide intraoperative transfusion. However, their accuracy compared to central laboratory tests is unknown. The objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of method comparison studies assessing the accuracy of POCT versus central laboratory haemoglobin tests in patients undergoing surgery.MethodsElectronic databases were searched from inception to April 2020 (updated August 2023). Any methodological approach comparing haemoglobin measurements between POCT and central laboratory in patients undergoing surgery under anaesthesia in the operating room were included. Data abstraction was guided by PRISMA and risk of bias was assessed by QUADAS-2. Data were extracted independently and in duplicate by two reviewers. Outcomes included mean differences between POCT and central laboratory haemoglobin with associated standard deviations and 95% limits of agreement (LOA).ResultsOf 3057 citations, 34 studies were included (n = 2427, 6857 paired measurements). Several devices were compared (pulse co-oximetry, n = 25; HemoCue, n = 10; iSTAT, n = 6; blood gas analysers, n = 10; haematology analyser, n = 2). Median sample size was 41 patients, and 11 studies were funded by device manufacturers. Fifteen of 34 studies had low risk of bias. Pooled mean differences (95% LOA) were: pulse co-oximeters 2.3 g/l (−25.2–29.8), HemoCue −0.3 g/l (−11.1–10.5), iSTAT −0.3 g/l (−8.4–7.8) and blood gas analysers −2.6 g/l (−17.8–12.7).ConclusionAll POCT examining intraoperative haemoglobin measurement yielded pooled mean difference LOAs larger than the allowable limit difference of ±4 g/dl. Intraoperative haemoglobin measured by POCT should not be considered interchangeable with central laboratory values and caution is necessary when using these tests to guide intraoperative transfusion.
Giant left sinus of Valsalva aneurysm as a rare cause of acute myocardial infarction: a case report
Authors: Maqableh Ghaith M , Yuan Mengshi , Moody William , Baig Shanat , Khan Sohail Q 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SVA) is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is a rare consequence of aneurysmal dilatation of one or more sinuses of Valsalva. We present a case of an unruptured and partially thrombosed left SVA, presenting as anterior MI and congestive heart failure.

Case summary
A 55-year-old gentleman was admitted with pulmonary oedema and a late presenting ST-elevation MI with Q wave. After initial treatment on furosemide infusion, a coronary angiography showed significant stenosis in both his left main stem (LMS) and left anterior descending artery (LAD). This is likely a result of external compression, potentially from the enlarged left sinus of Valsalva. A subsequent transthoracic echocardiogram and transoesophageal echocardiogram (TOE) confirmed large SVA involving the left coronary cusp measured 9.9 cm compressing both LMS and LAD.

Discussion
Left SVAs are rare and frequently asymptomatic, typically being identified incidentally. Due to the close proximity of the left coronary system, they can present with myocardial ischaemia due to extrinsic compression of the coronary system. We were able to perform a comprehensive multi-modality assessment of left SVA, which helped establish this unusual diagnosis and guide management. Transthoracic echocardiogram and TOE helped assess the SVA and demonstrated the thrombus in situ, aortic valve insufficiency, and cardiac function. The computed tomography scan aided in accurately defining the extent of the aneurysm and the extent of compression of the left coronary system and cardiac magnetic resonance scan was able to demonstrate viability in LAD and circumflex territory.
Effects of albiglutide on myocardial infarction and ischaemic heart disease outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the Harmony Outcomes trial
Authors: Krychtiuk Konstantin A , Marquis-Gravel Guillaume , Murphy Shannon , Alexander Karen P , Chiswell Karen , Green Jennifer B , Leiter Lawrence A , Lopes Renato D , Del Prato Stefano , Jones William Schuyler , McMurray John J V , Hernandez Adrian F , Granger Christopher B 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aims
Large outcome trials have demonstrated cardiovascular benefits of selected glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. We examined coronary disease outcomes in the Harmony Outcomes trial of the GLP-1 receptor agonist albiglutide.

Methods and results
Harmony Outcomes was an event-driven, multicenter, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial involving 9463 patients &gt;40 years of age with type-2 diabetes and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It tested the effects of albiglutide on the occurrence of a composite primary endpoint, consisting of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke. Within this post-hoc analysis, the effects of albiglutide on MI subtypes and other ischaemic endpoints were analysed.
During the median-follow up of 1.6 years, a total of 421 patients (4.5%) experienced at least one MI, with 72 patients having more than one event. Treatment with albiglutide reduced both first events [hazard ratio (HR) 0.75 (0.62–0.91)] and overall events [HR 0.75 (0.61–0.91)] as well as first type 1 [HR 0.73 (0.57–0.92)] and type 2 myocardial infarctions [HR 0.65 (0.46–0.92)]. The effect of albiglutide treatment was consistent for ST-segment elevation [HR 0.69 (0.38–1.26)] and non-ST elevation (HR 0.86 (0.66–1.2) MI.

Conclusion
Treatment with the GLP-1 receptor agonist albiglutide resulted in a 25% relative risk reduction in MI that was consistent for type of infarction and presence or absence of ST elevation. Our findings add novel information about the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on ischaemic events in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Molecular magnetic resonance imaging of myeloperoxidase activity identifies culprit lesions and predicts future atherothrombosis
Authors: Nadel James , Wang Xiaoying , Saha Prakash , Bongers André , Tumanov Sergey , Giannotti Nicola , Chen Weiyu , Vigder Niv , Chowdhury Mohammed M , da Cruz Gastao Lima , Velasco Carlos , Prieto Claudia , Jabbour Andrew , Botnar René M , Stocker Roland , Phinikaridou Alkystis 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aims
Unstable atherosclerotic plaques have increased activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO). We examined whether molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of intraplaque MPO activity predicts future atherothrombosis in rabbits and correlates with ruptured human atheroma.

Methods and results
Plaque MPO activity was assessed in vivo in rabbits (n = 12) using the MPO-gadolinium (Gd) probe at 8 and 12 weeks after induction of atherosclerosis and before pharmacological triggering of atherothrombosis. Excised plaques were used to confirm MPO activity by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MSMS) and to determine MPO distribution by histology. MPO activity was higher in plaques that caused post-trigger atherothrombosis than plaques that did not. Among the in vivo MRI metrics, the plaques’ R1 relaxation rate after administration of MPO-Gd was the best predictor of atherothrombosis. MPO activity measured in human carotid endarterectomy specimens (n = 30) by MPO-Gd–enhanced MRI was correlated with in vivo patient MRI and histological plaque phenotyping, as well as LC–MSMS. MPO-Gd retention measured as the change in R1 relaxation from baseline was significantly greater in histologic and MRI-graded American Heart Association (AHA) type VI than type III–V plaques. This association was confirmed by comparing AHA grade to MPO activity determined by LC–MSMS.

Conclusion
We show that elevated intraplaque MPO activity detected by molecular MRI employing MPO-Gd predicts future atherothrombosis in a rabbit model and detects ruptured human atheroma, strengthening the translational potential of this approach to prospectively detect high-risk atherosclerosis.
Genomic Data Reveal Diverse Biological Characteristics of Scleractinian Corals and Promote Effective Coral Reef Conservation
Authors: Shinzato Chuya , Yoshioka Yuki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Reef-building corals (Scleractinia, Anthozoa, Cnidaria) are the keystone organisms of coral reefs, which constitute the most diverse marine ecosystems. Since the first decoded coral genome reported in 2011, about 40 reference genomes are registered as of 2023. Comparative genomic analyses of coral genomes have revealed genomic characters that may underlie unique biological characteristics and coral diversification. These include existence of genes for biosynthesis of mycosporine-like amino acids, loss of an enzyme necessary for cysteine biosynthesis in family Acroporidae, and lineage-specific gene expansions of DMSP lyase-like genes in the genus Acropora. While symbiosis with endosymbiotic photosynthetic dinoflagellates is a common biological feature among reef-building corals, genes associated with the intricate symbiotic relationship encompass not only those shared by many coral species, but also genes that were uniquely duplicated in each coral lineage, suggesting diversified molecular mechanisms of coral-algal symbiosis. Coral genomic data have also enabled detection of hidden, complex population structures of corals, indicating the need for species-specific, local-scale, carefully considered conservation policies for effective maintenance of corals. Consequently, accumulating coral genomic data from a wide range of taxa and from individuals of a species not only promotes deeper understanding of coral reef biodiversity, but also promotes appropriate and effective coral reef conservation. Considering the diverse biological traits of different coral species and accurately understanding population structure and genetic diversity revealed by coral genomic analyses during coral reef restoration planning could enable us to “archive” coral reef environments that are nearly identical to natural coral reefs.
Exome-Wide Sequencing Study Identified Genetic Variants Associated With Sarcopenic Obesity
Authors: Xu Qian , Zhao Qi-Gang , Ma Xin-Ling , Yan Shan-Shan , Han Bai-Xue , Song Zi-Tong , Bu Fan , Li Kuan , Zhang Lei , Pei Yu-Fang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is an age-related disease characterized by the coexistence of excessive adiposity and low muscle mass or function. Although obesity and sarcopenia are heritable conditions, the genetic determinants of SO have not been fully understood. We conducted a large-scale exome-wide association analysis of SO in a sequenced sample of 2 887 cases and 113 284 controls and an imputed sample of 4 003 cases and 161 990 controls in the UK Biobank cohort. Single-variant association analysis identified one locus 1q41 (lead SNP rs1417066, LYPLAL1-AS1, odds ratio [OR] = 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.11–1.19], p = 1.75 × 10−14) that was significantly associated with SO at the exome-wide significance level (p &lt; 1 × 10-8). Colocalization analysis in the Genotype-Tissue Expression expression quantitative trait locus database showed that LYPLAL1-AS1 was colocalized with SO in multiple musculoskeletal-related tissues. Gene-based burden test of rare loss-of-function variants identified 5 genes at the gene-wise significance level (p &lt; 4.3 × 10−6): PDE3B (OR = 2.48, p = 1.10 × 10−6), MYOZ3 (OR = 25.49, p = 1.41 × 10−7), SLC15A3 (OR = 4.75, p = 6.82 × 10−7), RNF130 (OR = 25.83, p = 4.07 × 10−6), and TNK2 (OR = 4.25, p = 8.75 × 10−8). Overall, our study uncovered the genetic effects of both common and rare variants on SO susceptibility, expanded existing knowledge of the genetic architecture of SO, and improved understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying SO.
Mental Health Impacts of COVID-19: Does Prepandemic Cognition and Dementia Status Matter?
Authors: Nichols Emma , Petrosyan Sarah , Lee Jinkook 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted daily life and led to sharp shocks in trends for various health outcomes. Although substantial evidence exists linking the pandemic and mental health outcomes and linking dementia and mental health outcomes, little evidence exists on how cognitive status may alter the impact of COVID-19 on mental health.

Methods
We used prepandemic data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India-Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia study and 9 waves of data from the Real-Time Insights of COVID-19 in India study (N = 1 182). We estimated associations between measures of prepandemic cognition (continuous cognition based on 22 cognitive tests, dementia status) and mental health measures during the pandemic (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ]-4 [9 time points], PHQ-9 [2 time points], Beck Anxiety Inventory [3 time points]), adjusting for age, gender, rural/urban residence, state, education, and prepandemic mental health.

Results
Summarizing across time points, PHQ-9 score was marginally or significantly associated with prepandemic cognition (PHQ-9 difference: −0.38 [−0.78 to 0.14] points per SD higher cognition; p = .06), and prepandemic dementia (PHQ-9 difference: 0.61 [0.11–1.13] points for those with dementia compared to no dementia; p = .02). Associations with BAI were null, whereas associations with PHQ-4 varied over time (p value for interaction = .02) and were strongest during the delta wave, when pandemic burden was highest.

Conclusions
We present initial evidence that mental health impacts of COVID-19 or other acute stressors may be unequally distributed across strata of cognitive outcomes. In dynamically changing environments, those with cognitive impairment or dementia may be more vulnerable to adverse mental health outcomes.
Sensory Health Among Older Adults in the United States: A Neighborhood Context Approach
Authors: Goldman Alyssa W , Pinto Jayant M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Sensory health declines with age but remains critical to the navigation and enjoyment of everyday life. Neighborhoods are key sites of environmental exposure, social engagement, and access to resources that can shape sensory health, yet the residential neighborhood is understudied as a determinant of sensory function.

Methods
We use data from Rounds 1 and 2 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project to examine how subjective and objective measures of older adults’ residential areas are associated with sensory health in a series of cross-sectional and multilevel regression models.

Results
In cross-sectional models, higher levels of perceived neighborhood social ties are associated with significantly better self-rated vision. Older adults who reside in more densely populated tracts are more likely to have significantly worse olfactory identification, whereas residing in tracts with higher levels of concentrated disadvantage is associated with significantly lower levels of self-rated vision. In multilevel models, residing in more densely populated tracts is associated with significantly worse olfactory identification, whereas tract-level concentrated disadvantage is associated with significantly worse hearing and vision.

Discussion
We propose that neighborhood characteristics could influence certain environmental exposures, the amount of time that older adults spend out of the home, patterns of social engagement, and access to preventative care that collectively affect sensory health. Residential neighborhoods may be important sites of potential intervention to slow age-related sensory declines and other related conditions.
Infant mortality in Ghana: investing in health care infrastructure and systems
Authors: Poulin Danielle , Nimo Gloria , Royal Dorian , Joseph Paule Valery , Nimo Tiffany , Nimo Tyra , Sarkodee Kofi , Attipoe-Dorcoo Sharon 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Child and infant mortality is a global problem. Almost half of deaths of children under age 5 years occur in the neonatal period, the first 28 days of life, with 2.4 million neonatal deaths globally in 2020. Sub-Saharan Africa has disproportionately high numbers of neonatal deaths. Ghana's neonatal mortality rate is 22.8 per 1000 live births and remains behind targets set by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Quality antenatal care, postnatal monitoring, breastfeeding support, and postnatal family planning are important in preventing neonatal deaths. While Ghana has made progress in making care more financially accessible, it has not been matched with the improvements in the critical infrastructure required to ensure quality health care. The improvements have also not eliminated out-of-pocket costs for care, which have hindered progress in decreasing infant mortality. Policymakers should consider investments in health care infrastructure, including expanding public–private partnerships. Policies that improve workforce development programs, transportation infrastructure, and health insurance systems improvements are needed.