bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic rearrangements in an all-genus phylogeny of side-gilled slugs (Heterobranchia: Pleurobranchida)
Authors: Moles Juan , Brenzinger Bastian , Berning Maria I , Martynov Alexander , Korshunova Tatiana , Schrödl Michael 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The systematics of side-gilled slugs face long-lasting incongruencies provided by morphological and molecular data. Parsimonious morphological assessments divided the single superfamily Pleurobranchoidea into the shell-less Pleurobranchaeidae and the internally shelled Pleurobranchidae, including the aberrant helicoid-shelled Tomthompsonia. Molecular evidence has proven untrustworthy to date, revealing contrasting hypotheses. This study’s multilocus phylogeny benefits from a dense taxon sampling of 94 pleurobranchids, with 22 newly sequenced specimens, including type species for all known genera. We further evaluate the effects of masking with several algorithms to better enhance phylogenetic resolution. Our results support that Tomthompsonioidea superfam. nov. are the sister group of all other Pleurobranchida; the absence of an acidic oral gland and a helicoid shell are the diagnostic features. We also provide the first molecular evidence that Euselenops nests within Pleurobranchaeidae, and Pleurobranchella is related to Pleurobranchaea, but remains distinct morphologically. Regarding Pleurobranchidae, the genus Berthella is paraphyletic and now embodied in the four clades: Berthella s.s., Boreoberthella, Pleurehdera, and Tomoberthella gen. nov. The fact that, whereas there is a supposed low Antarctic diversity, we find hidden speciation in several tropical species suggests that side-gilled slugs pose an Antarctic origin or a relic that radiated in shallower, warmer waters.
Pathological-Features-Modified TNM Staging System Improves Prognostic Accuracy for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Yang Yuesheng , Yang Zifeng , Lyu Zejian , Ouyang Kaibo , Wang Junjiang , Wu Deqing , Li Yong 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:
Variations in survival outcomes are observed in the American Joint Committee on Cancer’s 8th edition TNM staging system.

OBJECTIVE:
Machine learning ensemble methods were used to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a pathological-features-modified tumor node metastasis staging system in predicting survival for patients with rectal cancer by using commonly reported pathological features, such as histological grade, tumor deposits, and perineural invasion, to improve the prognostic accuracy.

DESIGN:
This was a retrospective population-based study.

SETTINGS:
Data were assessed from the database of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program.

PATIENTS:
The study cohort comprised 14,468 rectal cancer patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2015. The development cohort included those who underwent surgery as the primary treatment while patients who received neoadjuvant therapy were assigned to the validation cohort.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The primary outcome measures included cumulative rectal cancer survival, adjusted hazard ratios, and both calibration and discrimination statistics to evaluate model performance and internal validation.

RESULTS:
Multivariable Cox regression analysis identified all three pathological features as prognostic factors, following which patients were categorized into four pathological groups based on the number of pathological features (i.e., 0, 1, 2, and 3). Distinct survival differences were observed among the groups, especially with stage III patients. The proposed pathological-features-modified tumor-node-metastasis staging outperformed the TNM staging in both the development and validation cohorts.

LIMITATIONS:
Retrospective in design and lack of external validation.

CONCLUSIONS:
The proposed pathological-features-modified tumor-node-metastasis staging could complement the current TNM staging by improving the accuracy of rectal cancer patients’ survival estimation. See Video Abstract.
Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Survey of Psychiatrists in Massachusetts and Michigan
Authors: Wechsler Bennett E. , Balon Richard , Shader Richard I. , Rothschild Anthony J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Purposes/Background
The goals of this preliminary study were to survey psychiatrists and to examine the impact of advertisements on their prescription of psychotropic medications. The study specifically looked at psychiatrists in Massachusetts and Michigan, as the authors were able to readily contact the members of their respective state psychiatric societies.

Methods/Procedures
We used the survey software, Quatrics, to create an online survey that was sent via email link to the members of the Massachusetts Psychiatric Society (1400 estimated members), and the Michigan Psychiatric Society (700 estimated members). Details were obtained about how challenging it was for the psychiatrist to convince the patient that a medication was not indicated. Information regarding how the psychiatrist first heard about new medications and where they go to learn more about these medications was included in the survey.

Findings/Results
We received 162 partial or full responses to our survey, representing a response rate of 8%. Those who were less than 10 years out of training were less likely to find it “easy” to change the minds of these patients, when compared with those more than 10 years out of training (Fisher exact test, P = 0.0396). The most frequent medication named as a response to “which medications do patients request” was Rexulti (brexpiprazole), followed by Vraylar (cariprazine), Caplyta (lumateperone), and aripiprazole.

Implications/Conclusions
This survey points to the prevalence of psychiatrists getting requests for these advertised medications and illustrates that those with fewer years out of training may have a more difficult time redirecting patients from medications that are not indicated for their illness.
Effects of Clozapine on Cortical Inhibition
Authors: Karaçam Doğan Melike , Yildiz Fatma Gökçem , Temuçin Çağri Mesut , Ertuğrul Aygün 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Preclinical and clinical investigations have revealed deficits in cortical inhibition in individuals with schizophrenia. Transcranial magnetic stimulation, a commonly used noninvasive measurement technique, is used for assessing these deficits. Limited research has been conducted on the effects of antipsychotic medications on cortical inhibition. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of clozapine on cortical inhibition with transcranial magnetic stimulation longitudinally and compare it with unaffected controls.

Methods
Ten patients who started clozapine were assessed at baseline, with 8 reassessed after 4 months. Eight age- and sex-matched unaffected controls were included. Psychopathology, neurocognitive performance, formal thought disorder, and disability were assessed, and the cortical excitability parameters (resting motor threshold, cortical silent period, short-interval intracortical inhibition, intracortical facilitation, and short-latency afferent inhibition [SAI]) were measured at baseline and four months after clozapine treatment.

Results
Resting motor threshold, ICF, and SAI were significantly different between patients and controls at baseline, whereas resting motor threshold, SAI, and ICF became similar to controls after clozapine with only ICF having a trend for significance. Clozapine prolonged cortical silent period significantly in the patients.

Conclusions
This is the first study to investigate the effect of clozapine on SAI, a potential cholinergic biomarker, and the first follow-up study to investigate the relationship between the effects of clozapine on cortical inhibition and cognition. Clozapine seems to cause an increase in cortical inhibition through GABAergic and possibly cholinergic mechanisms. However, additional follow-up studies with larger sample sizes are required to reach more robust conclusions.
A Narrative Review on Pharmacogenomics in Psychiatry
Authors: Palumbo Sara , Mariotti Veronica , Pellegrini Silvia 
Published: December 2023

Purpose/Background
Pharmacogenetics (PGx) studies the genetic factors underlying interindividual variability in drug response. Only a few countries around the world are already using PGx testing in psychiatric clinical practice, whereas others are still far from adopting it. The main barrier to the clinical adoption of PGx testing seems to be the limited knowledge among psychiatrists regarding the clinical relevance of specific genetic variants to personalize therapies and the accessibility of PGx data. This review aims at further highlighting the importance of PGx-driven clinical decision making for psychotropic medications and raising psychiatrists' awareness of the value of PGx testing in psychiatry.

Methods/Procedures
We summarize the genes for which substantial evidence exists about the clinical utility of integrating their PGx testing in psychiatry. Specifically, we systematically describe the functional role of clinically relevant allelic variants, their frequency across different ethnic groups, and how they contribute to classify patients in relation to their capability in metabolizing psychotropic drugs.

Findings/Results
Briefly, clinical guidelines recommend considering PGx testing of the cytochrome class 2 C9 (CYP2C9), C19 (CYP2C19), and D6 (CYP2D6) genes and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A and -B genes for several psychotropic drugs.

Implications/Conclusions
Extensive studies have been carried out to provide a solid rationale for the inclusion of PGx testing in psychiatry. Comprehensive clinical guidelines are readily accessible to support health care providers in tailoring the prescription of psychotropic drugs based on patient's genotype information. This approach presents a tangible opportunity to significantly improve individual responses to psychiatric medications.
Increasing Hospital at Home Enrollment Through Decentralization With Agile Science
Authors: Shadbolt Erin , Paulson Margaret , Divine Lorin T. , Ellis Julie , Myers Lucas , Mucks Karly , Boustani Malaz , Dumic Igor , Maniaci Michael , Lindroth Heidi 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The use of hospital at home (HaH) programs are rapidly increasing due to virtual capabilities, hospital capacities, and patient preferences. In 2020, a large hospital system instituted a multistate HaH program with a single command center. It is not known whether decentralizing command centers to local hospital sites increases patient enrollment in HaH programs. This article outlines how the Agile Implementation Process was applied to rapidly decentralize patient enrollment to a local hospital site and reports pre–post data on the number of patient enrollments per month, staff satisfaction, and qualitative quotes describing how the Agile Implementation process supported interprofessional staff engagement. In brief, 235 patients were included from the local site (pre: n = 105, post: n = 130) with a mean age of 70 years (SD 2.73), 55% male, and primarily Caucasian (99%). Postdecentralization, staff satisfaction increased by 63% (4.4–7.2) and the mean number of patients enrolled per month significantly increased from 15 to 22 (p = .01). An approximate 10% decrease in patient satisfaction was observed preintervention to postintervention (98.2–88.2%). In summary, the Agile Implementation quality improvement approach successfully decentralized patient enrollment to local hospital sites, increased patient enrollment, and staff satisfaction through staff engagement.

Level of Evidence:
4, Descriptive quality improvement project.
Infant and Young Child Feeding in the Context of HIV: An Exploration of Barriers in Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Augustino Goodluck , Anaeli Amani , Sunguya Bruno F. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundEnsuring optimal nutrition through early breastfeeding is vital for infant mental development and overall health. HIV infections complicate decisions regarding exclusive breastfeeding, jeopardizing effective infant and young child feeding, which affects nutrition and health outcomes. Recognizing the lack of evidence on barriers to infant feeding in the context of HIV in Tanzania, this study was conducted to explore individual, household, and community obstacles in the Ilala district, Dar es Salaam.MethodsThe study used a hospital-based qualitative approach, focusing on HIV-positive mothers with infants aged 3-6 months in Dar es Salaam city. This involved reviewing mothers’ files, conducting interviews with them, and interviewing Reproductive and Child Health clinics (RCH) and community healthcare providers. In total, 27 In-depth interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached, and thematic analysis was used to analyze collected data.FindingsThe study identified various barriers to exclusive breastfeeding, encompassing individual factors like work schedules, postpartum depression, and breast conditions. On the household level, barriers included limited access to resources, family influence, and HIV status disclosure reluctance due to stigma. In the community, low retention in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) programs plays a pivotal role in hindering exclusive breastfeeding support for HIV-positive mothers.Conclusion and RecommendationsHIV-positive mothers face diverse barriers ranging from individual, household, and community-based barriers. Policies supporting breastfeeding, early detection of postnatal depression and breast problems, and peer support for young mothers are of paramount importance. Food insecurity and HIV stigma should be tackled through income-generating activities, family involvement in PMTCT programs, and awareness campaigns. Community-based counselors play a crucial role in supporting HIV-positive mothers in their exclusive breastfeeding journey to improve PMTCT care retention.
Improving Veteran Access to Integrated Management of Back Pain (AIM-Back): Updated Statistical Analysis Plan for this Embedded Pragmatic, Cluster Randomized
Authors: Coffman Cynthia J. , North Rebecca , George Steven Z. , Hastings Susan N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Improving Veteran Access to Integrated Management of Back Pain (AIM-Back) pragmatic, embedded, cluster-randomized trial is ongoing with enrollment starting in February 2020 and projected to end in first quarter of 2024. The 3 -month follow up rate of primary outcome data collected as part of an AIM-Back clinical follow-up visit in the electronic health record has been lower than anticipated. At the recommendation of AIM-Back monitoring partners an updated statistical analysis plan was generated. The updated analysis plan allows for use of survey data to augment the follow up rate for the primary outcomes collected in the electronic health record. This updated statistical analysis plan was created and approved prior to completing enrollment and described in this paper.
Self-Management Competence in Depressed In-Patients: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Schnierer Nadja , Reinhard Iris , Wagner-Dörr Johanna , Nater Urs M. , Bender Matthias , Wehmeier Peter M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies suggest that good self-management is associated with better coping with chronic mental conditions. However, an encompassing assessment of the relationship between depression and self-management competence is lacking.MethodsThis study assesses the relationship between depressiveness and self-management competence in a sample of 83 depressed in-patients. Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) was used to assess depressiveness. The Self-Management Self-Test (SMST) was used to assess self-management competence. Patient surveys took place at the time of hospital admission (T1) and at the time of hospital discharge or approximately 4 to 6 weeks after (T2).ResultsSelf-management competence correlated negatively with depressiveness at T1. Four out of five specific dimensions of self-management competence correlated inversely with depressiveness at T1. Self-management competence differed depending on the severity of the depressive syndrome and was higher the lower the severity of the depressive syndrome was. In the course of clinical treatment, self-management competence increased. Change of self-management competence during clinical treatment was not dependent on the sociodemographic variables gender or age. Change of self-management competence during clinical treatment predicted the change of depressiveness between hospital admission and discharge (T2 vs. T1) as well as depressiveness at T2.LimitationsSample size was relatively small. The SMST is a relatively new psychometric instrument that has not yet found widespread use in clinical research.ConclusionOur findings offer clinical evidence that in depressed in-patients, self-management competence and depressiveness are associated constructs. These results suggest that self-management competence may be a valuable resource in the treatment of depressive disorders.
Conserved Cardiovascular Network: Bioinformatics Insights into Genes and Pathways for EstablishingCaenorhabditis elegansas an Animal Model for Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Ray Ashwini Kumar , Priya Anjali , Malik Md. Zubbair , Thanaraj Thangavel Alphonse , Singh Alok Kumar , Mago Payal , Ghosh Chirashree , Shalimar  , Tandon Ravi , Chaturvedi Rupesh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a collective term for disorders of the heart and blood vessels. The molecular events and biochemical pathways associated with CVD are difficult to study in clinical settings on patients andin vitroconditions. Animal models play a pivotal and indispensable role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) research.Caenorhabditis elegans, a nematode species, has emerged as a prominent experimental organism widely utilised in various biomedical research fields. However, the specific number of CVD-related genes and pathways within theC. elegansgenome remains undisclosed to date, limiting its in-depth utilisation for investigations. In the present study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of genes and pathways related to CVD within the genomes of humans andC. elegansthrough a systematic bioinformatic approach.A total of 1113 genes inC. elegansorthologous to the most significant CVD-related genes in humans were identified, and the GO terms and pathways were compared to study the pathways that are conserved between the two species. In order to infer the functions of CVD-related orthologous genes inC. elegans, aPPI network was constructed. Orthologous gene PPI network analysis results reveal the hubs and important KRs:pmk-1, daf-21, gpb-1, crh-1, enpl-1, eef-1G, acdh-8, hif-1, pmk-2,andaha-1 in C. elegans.Modules were identified for determining the role of the orthologous genes at various levels in the created network. We also identified 9 commonly enriched pathways between humans andC. eleganslinked with CVDs that include autophagy (animal), the ErbB signalling pathway, the FoxO signalling pathway, the MAPK signalling pathway, ABC transporters, the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, fatty acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and metabolic pathways. This study provides the first systematic genomic approach to explore the CVD-associated genes and pathways that are present inC. elegans,supporting the use ofC. elegansas a prominent animal model organism for cardiovascular diseases.
Neural circuits underlying context-dependent competition between defensive actions inDrosophilalarva
Authors: Lehman Maxime , Barré Chloé , Hasan Md Amit , Flament Benjamin , Autran Sandra , Dhiman Neena , Soba Peter , Masson Jean-Baptiste , Jovanic Tihana 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo ensure their survival, animals must be able to respond adaptively to threats within their environment. However, the precise neural circuit mechanisms that underlie such flexible defensive behaviors remain poorly understood. Using neuronal manipulations, machine-learning-based behavioral detection, Electron Microscopy (EM) connectomics and calcium imaging inDrosophilalarva, we have mapped the second-order interneurons differentially involved in the competition between different defensive actions and the main pathways to the motor side putatively involved in inhibiting startle-type behaviors and promoting escape behaviors in a context dependent manner. We found that mechanosensory stimulation modulates the nociceptive escape sequences and inhibits C-shape bends and Rolls in favor of startle-like behaviors. This suggests a competition between mechanosensory-induced startle responses and escape behaviors. Structural and functional connectivity revealed that the second order interneurons receive their main input from projection neurons that integrate mechanosensory and nociceptive stimuli. The analysis of their postsynaptic connectivity in EM revealed that they make indirect connections to the pre-motor and motor neurons. Finally, we identify a pair of descending neurons that could promote modulate the escape sequence and promote startle behaviors. Altogether, these results characterize the pathways involved in the Startle and Escape competition, modulated by the sensory context.
Mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy profiles of red and pink Rhododendron flower petals establish them as rich sources of bioactive secondary metabolites
Authors: Shagun Shagun , Lingwan Maneesh , Masakapalli Shyam Kumar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRhododendron petals are considered high-value owing to their commercial utility, national/state flower status in certain countries, and bioactive potential from recent studies. Profiling and quantitative analysis of the bioactive metabolites would evaluate if they can be natural sources. This study is focused on comprehensive profiling of secondary metabolites in the petals of Red and Pink Rhododendron flowers (R. arboreumandR. campanulatum) using Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS, LC-MS/MS) and Proton-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) Spectroscopy. The profiling highlighted the presence of secondary metabolites belonging to phenolic acids and flavonoids. Specifically, the flowers are rich in promising bioactive molecules such as quinic acid, chlorogenic acid (3-O-caffeoyl quinic acid), protocatechuic acid, coumaroyl quinic acids, catechin, epigallocatechin, and shikimic acid. The profiles are correlated with the metabolic pathways which reflected the activity of shikimic acid, phenolic acid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways. These metabolites are well reported for their bioactive potential as anti-oxidative, anti-viral, anti-cancerous, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, etc. While the quantitative and multivariate analysis showed variations in the levels of phenolic acids and flavonoids, it is established that red and pink Rhododendron flower petals are a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals of interest to the phytochemical Industry.
Loss minimization based optimal frequency selection for low frequency transmission lines using telegrapher’s method
Authors: Anand Mukul , Chatterjee Debashis , Goswami Swapan Kumar 
Published: December 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to obtain the optimal frequency for low-frequency transmission lines while minimizing losses and maintaining the voltage stability of low-frequency systems. This study also emphasizes a reduction in calculations based on mathematical approaches.

Design/methodology/approach
Telegrapher’s method has been used to reduce large calculations in low-frequency high-voltage alternating current (LF-HVac) lines. The static compensator (STATCOM) has been used to maintain voltage stability. For optimal frequency selection, a modified Jaya algorithm (MJAYA) for optimal load flow analysis was implemented.

Findings
The MJAYA algorithm performed better than other conventional algorithms and determined the optimum frequency selection while minimizing losses. Voltage stability was also achieved with the proposed optimal load flow (OLF), and statistical analysis showed that the proposed OLF reduces the frequency deviation and standard error of the LF-HVac lines.

Originality/value
The optimal frequency for LF-HVac lines has been achieved, Telegrapher’s method has been used in OLF, and STATCOM has been used in LF-HVac transmission lines.