bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fundamental differences between the thalamocortical recipient layers of the cat auditory and visual cortices
Authors: Smith Philip H. , Populin Luis C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn visual and somatosensory cortices of several species, spiny stellate cells in layer 4 are the first elements in signal processing where thalamic information is integrated and emergent receptive field properties are generated and sent on to more superficial cortical layers. In vivo and in vitro experiments have provided important information about how the anatomy and physiology of these cells and this layer fit into the functional cortical circuitry. No such data exist for the auditory cortex but are requisite if we are to understand whether ideas about information processing in one sensory cortical area can be generalized to another. Accordingly, we used in vitro slices from which to record and labeled cells in the middle layers of the cat auditory and visual cortices to compare basic anatomical and physiological features of cells recovered in similar layers using the same methods. Our results demonstrate a striking difference in a basic characteristic of two primary sensory cortical areas. In the visual cortex, spiny stellate cells predominate, receive short‐latency synaptic inputs, and project to supergranular layers. No such spiny stellate population is encountered in the middle layers of the auditory cortex. Spiny cells that are not stellate or pyramidal are occasionally encountered but, as a group, do not display consistent anatomical or physiological features that might allow them to function as auditory cortical versions of the visual spiny stellates. Rather, pyramidal cells in the lower half of layer 3 and layer 4 appear to have assumed this role. J. Comp. Neurol. 436:508–519, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mentally disordered firesetters: a structured intervention programme
Authors: Swaffer Tracey , Haggett Mick , Oxley Tanith 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough there has been a fairly substantial focus in previous research upon understanding the characteristic of firesetters and incidents of firesetting; there is a dearth of published studies that focus upon treatment strategies for use with mentally disordered firesetters. The current research rectifies this shortfall by describing the development and content of a firesetting treatment package, designed for use with individuals who have a mental disorder. Wherever possible, the reported features of the package are ground in the previous published research. Issues concerning evaluation of this type of therapeutic work are also discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing telomere length of sister chromatids in human lymphocytes using three‐dimensional confocal microscopy
Authors: Bekaert S. , Koll S. , Thas O. , Van Oostveldt P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe length of the terminal sequences of linear chromosomes changes dynamically during cellular proliferation. A crucial element in the study of telomere‐related regulation mechanisms is the ability to measure telomere lengths of individual chromosomes. Individual telomere lengths can be measured using digital imaging fluorescence microscopy‐based techniques. We extended this method using confocal microscopy for the acquisition of three‐dimensional (3D) images. Consequently, variations in measured signal intensities due to erroneous focusing are avoided.MethodsWe employed our 3D telomere sizing method to compare telomere lengths of sister chromatids within metaphase preparations from human lymphocytes. The samples were treated following a quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q‐FISH) protocol using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labeled telomeric peptidic nucleic acid (PNA) probes and propidium iodide (PI) counterstain.ResultsWe demonstrated that the telomere lengths of two sister chromatids are not necessarily equal in human lymphocytes. Profound statistical analysis demonstrated significant differences in the distribution of the sister chromatid telomere lengths, but we were not able to prove a discrete distribution of telomere sister ratios. These telomere length differences were more apparent in older individuals.ConclusionWhereas the majority of sister telomere pairs have equal lengths, surprisingly, a minority was significantly different in each individual studied. We are convinced that these observations are not linked to the methodology or the protocol applied. We suggest that a biological phenomenon might be involved. Cytometry 48:34–44, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endocervical component: Is it a determinant of specimen adequacy?
Authors: Selvaggi Suzanne M. , Guidos Barbara J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThere is controversy in the literature concerning the presence or absence of an endocervical component as a determinant of the adequacy of cervical cellular samples. The purpose of this retrospective 2‐yr study (January 1, 1999–December 31, 2000) was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ThinPrep® Pap Tests™ with the presence or absence of an endocervical component from 151 women with subsequent tissue‐verified cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II/III. Of the 138 Pap Tests™ containing an endocervical component, 100 (73%) showed exact cyto/histologic correlation and 38 (27%) were discordant. Of the 13 Pap Tests™ lacking an endocervical component, 10 (77%) showed exact correlation and 3 (23%) were discordant. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in the detection of a high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) in those ThinPreps that contained an endocervical component from those that did not (P > 0.5). Further analysis of the 41 discordant ThinPrep® Pap Tests™ showed no significant difference between negative Pap Tests™ and discordant, yet abnormal Pap Tests™ (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, or low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions) and the presence or absence of an endocervical component (P = 0.25). The results of this study seem to indicate that the issue of the lack of an endocervical component as a determinant of cervical specimen adequacy should be revisited. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:53–55. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytology of bone lesions by intraoperative sampling during fracture treatment
Authors: Kinias Ioannis S. , Rammou‐Kinia Rea 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCytology was performed on 314 patients who were treated by surgery for hip joint fracture, to determine and evaluate the role, accuracy, and perspective of intraoperative bone sampling. Specimens were collected from bone lesions during surgery by imprints or driller washing in normal saline. The results were compared with those of subsequent biopsies or clinical follow‐up. All 13 neoplastic cases (malignant or benign) were identified by cytology. An accuracy rate of 69.2% was achieved by this method when the type and origin of the neoplasms were to be conclusive. There were no false‐positive diagnoses, and all benign conditions showed negative results on cytology (specificity and sensitivity of 100%). Cytology can play a valuable role in the diagnosis of bone lesions. The morphologic diagnostic criteria allow for a high level of diagnostic accuracy of cytologic assessments in most cases of bone lesions, no matter the sampling technique. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:145–149; DOI 10.1002/dc.10071 © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lipid‐rich carcinoid tumor of the thymus gland: Diagnosis by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Smith Nancy L. , Finley James L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this report we describe the cytologic features of an unusual thymic carcinoid tumor containing prominent cytoplasmic lipid vacuoles that was diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy. The tumor presented as a presternal subcutaneous mass in an 81‐yr‐old female, with a contiguous mediastinal mass on computed tomography. The cytomorphologic features included numerous discohesive cells with eccentric, round to oval nuclei, granular chromatin, and scant cytoplasm containing numerous intracytoplasmic, clear vacuoles. The neoplastic cells were reactive for neuroendocrine markers by immunocytochemistry and showed reactivity of the intracytoplasmic vacuoles with an oil red‐O stain for neutral lipid. Ultrastructural examination confirmed the presence of intracytoplasmic lipid vacuoles and neurosecretory granules. Subsequent surgical excision confirmed the diagnosis. We believe this to be the first report describing these features in a primary thymic carcinoid tumor. The differential diagnosis of mediastinal tumors with clear‐cell features and cytoplasmic vacuolization is also discussed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2001;25:130–133. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cultured anaplastic cell lines as immunocytochemistry controls: A comparison of ThinPrep®‐processed smears and conventional air‐dried cytospins
Authors: Wiatrowska Beata A. , Berner Aasmund , Torlakovic Goran , Emilsen Elisabeth , Mykelbost Grete L. , Torlakovic Emina 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCultured anaplastic cell lines with previously characterized phenotypes are considered to be the best positive controls for immunocytochemistry. We assessed the validity of using anaplastic cell line cytospins as positive controls for immunocytochemistry performed on ThinPrep®‐processed clinical samples. We compared ThinPrep®‐processed slides and air‐dried cytospins from cultured anaplastic cell lines for intensity and pattern of staining. Also, antigen preservation was assessed over a 3‐mo period, using a panel of 16 primary antibodies and 12 anaplastic cell lines. A three‐step alkaline phosphatase procedure was used except when in a single instance the EnVision™ method was employed. If appropriately stored, both preparations showed excellent correlation with no decrease in antigenicity during the 3‐mo testing period. ThinPrep®‐processed slides from clinical samples are ideal for immunocytochemistry, because internal negative controls can be performed for each test. We recommend the use of cytospins for positive controls because of the lower cost. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:303–308, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytopathology of insular carcinoma of the thyroid
Authors: Nguyen Gia‐Khanh , Akin Marie‐Rose M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFour pure insular carcinomas (IC) and one IC with focal anaplastic carcinoma (AC) of the thyroid with cytologic evaluation by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) were reviewed. The needle aspirates from the four pure ICs revealed abundant monomorphic follicular cells present singly, in small, loose aggregates, and in cohesive trabecular and acinar clusters. Tumor cells showed fragile, ill‐defined, granular cytoplasm and oval nuclei with conspicuous or inconspicuous nucleoli. The case of IC with focal AC yielded, in addition to the follicular cells as seen in the FNA of the 4 cases of pure IC, large pleomorphic malignant cells with prominent nucleoli that were characteristic for an AC, giant‐cell type. No intact insulae of tumor cells were identified in any of the 5 cases. Thus, a thyroid IC may be suspected if abundant cohesive and dyshesive monomorphic follicular cells are present in the tumor FNA. However, a firm diagnosis of thyroid IC can only be made by histologic examination of the excised tumor. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:325–330, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors and nociceptive processing
Authors: Salt T.E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMetabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are found at various levels of the somatosensory/nociceptive signalling pathways from the periphery to the cerebral cortex. The distribution of the receptors in the brain and within and around synapses suggests considerable functional specialisation and specificity. Functional studies in animals indicate that these receptors can participate in or modulate nociceptive processing. Several classes of mGlu receptor‐active agonists and antagonists have been developed, and some of these appear to be effective in animal models of pain. This indicates that development of subtype‐selective mGlu compounds may be a fruitful avenue for the discovery of analgesic agents with novel mechanisms of action. Drug Dev. Res. 54:129–139, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early maternal rejection and later social anxiety in juvenile and adult Japanese macaques
Authors: Schino Gabriele , Speranza Liviza , Troisi Alfonso 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study investigated the relationships between early maternal style and subsequent juvenile and adult behavior of offspring in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Early maternal style had no effect on baseline behavior of offspring when adult. In contrast, early maternal style was correlated with the response of adult offspring to stressful social interactions, and particularly with their response to actual or potential aggression. Infants whose mothers encouraged more independence showing high rates of rejection were less fearful and did cope better with stressful situations when adult. Although based on correlational data, these results suggest that in macaques maternal rejection can promote offspring independence and the development of a less anxious personality. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 38: 186–190, 2001
Transient expression of TIP60 protein during early chick heart development
Authors: Lough John W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractScreening of an embryonic chick cDNA library revealed a gene product termed chick TIP60 (cTIP60) due to its homology with human TIP60, a founding member of the “MYST” family of proteins that possess functional motifs, including chromo, zinc finger, and histone acetyltransferase domains. cTIP60 expression was assessed during early chick embryogenesis, at the RNA level by using reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and at the protein level by using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RT‐PCR indicated that cTIP60 transcripts in whole embryos are present as early as Hamburger‐Hamilton (HH) stage 5, diminishing after HH10. Western blotting of total embryonic protein revealed that cTIP60 was present in uniform quantities between HH3 and HH25. By contrast, Western blotting of protein from isolated hearts revealed that cTIP60 protein was strongly expressed at the earliest stages of heart development (HH11–13), diminishing thereafter. This finding was corroborated by immunohistochemistry, which revealed that cTIP60 protein was selectively expressed at high levels in the myocardium between HH 10–14. Considered in the context of its functional domains, these findings suggest that cTIP60 modulates transcriptional processes which regulate terminal cell differentiation, proliferation, or both, during early myocardial development. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coexpression of SCL and GATA3 in the V2 interneurons of the developing mouse spinal cord
Authors: Smith Emma , Hargrave Murray , Yamada Toshiya , Begley C. Glenn , Little Melissa Helen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe differentiation of neural progenitors into the many classes of neurons that exist in the mature spinal cord is a process that relies heavily on the activation of precise combinations of transcription factors. Defining these transcription factor combinations is an important aspect of research in developmental neurobiology that promises to provide incredible insights into the structure, function, and pathology of the central nervous system. The present study aimed to investigate a possible role for the Stem Cell Leukemia (SCL) gene, a basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factor gene, in the specification of a population of neural cells in the ventral neural tube. Section RNA in situ hybridisation revealed that SCL is transiently expressed within the V2 postmitotic domain of the developing mouse spinal cord between 10.5 and 13.5 days post coitum. Double‐immunofluorescence experiments were subsequently carried out to directly compare the expression of SCL with other V2‐specific markers at the cellular level. These experiments revealed that SCL is expressed in a medially restricted subpopulation of GATA‐3 producing cells, suggesting a possible role for this factor in the differentiation of the GATA population of V2 interneurons. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The cognitive‐behavioral model of bulimia nervosa: A direct evaluation
Authors: Byrne Susan M. , McLean Neil J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThis study represented the first attempt to directly evaluate Fairburn et al's (1986) cognitive‐behavioral model of bulimia nervosa — the model on which the most widely used treatment for bulimia nervosa is based.MethodThe major predictions of the model were tested using structural equation modeling. Data were collected from the responses of 526 subjects to a number of self‐report measures.ResultsThe factors of self‐esteem, overconcern with weight and shape, and dietary restraint accounted for a large proportion of the variance in binge eating and purging. The key pathway in the model was the link between overconcern with weight and shape and the adoption of purgative behaviors, which then fed into a vicious cycle of binge eating and purging. Contrary to Fairburn’s hypothesis, high levels of dietary restraint did not predict increased binge eating.DiscussionThe results suggest that the components of Fairburn's model may operate to maintain the bulimic cycle in a slightly different way to that originally proposed. © 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 31: 17–31, 2002.
Bulimia and swallowing: Cause for concern
Authors: Mendell Dorie A. , Logemann Jeri A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether there is evidence of a relationship between bulimia and abnormalities in swallowing function.MethodLiterature review across a variety of professional areas concerning the physiological effects of bulimia on oropharyngeal swallow structures and function.ResultsInvestigations of bulimic subjects have identified abnormalities in the oral cavity and oropharynx including dental erosion, changes in taste, tissue manifestations, and potential motility disorders that could impact swallowing function.DiscussionWhile there is cause for concern regarding the effects of repeated self‐induced vomiting behavior in bulimic subjects on swallowing function, more research is needed. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 252–258, 2001.
Investigation of quality of the parental relationship as a risk factor for subclinical bulimia nervosa
Authors: Wade Tracey D. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Kendler Kenneth S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectivePrevious literature suggests a link between the quality of the parental relationship and disordered eating in offspring. We investigated the relationship between offspring pyschopathology and the parental relationship using a population‐based twin registry that contained 766 complete twin pairs.MethodWe used reports of twin lifetime psychopathology from the twins and quality of parental relationship and parental lifetime psychopathology from both parents.ResultsPoorer quality of the marital relationship predicted the presence of subclinical bulimia nervosa (SBN) using both mother's (odds ratio [OR] = 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71–0.97) and father's (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.62–0.97) reports. It also predicted the presence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and alcohol dependence. SBN was still strongly predicted by the marital relationship when parental psychopathology was included as a covariate.DiscussionThese results are supportive of the notion that a conflictual and distant marital relationship can, at least partially, act as an environmental risk factor for SBN. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 389–400, 2001.
Multipath fading due to road surface reflection and fading reduction by means of space diversity in ITS vehicle‐to‐vehicle communications at 60 Ghz
Authors: Karasawa Yoshio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the ITS (Intelligent Transport System), vehicle‐to‐vehicle communication to exchange information between vehicles and vehicle‐to‐road communication connecting vehicles and fixed network systems are important. The use of millimeter waves for vehicle‐to‐vehicle communication is being discussed. In this paper, in connection with vehicle‐to‐vehicle communication using millimeter waves, fundamental studies of fading due to road surface reflection, which is considered the most severe cause of degradation of radio wave propagation, are carried out. In addition, a quantitative evaluation of the effect of space diversity as a countermeasure for degradation of propagation is performed. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(1): 35–42, 2002
Analysis of fundamental property of 2D photonic crystal optical waveguide with various medium conditions by condensed node spatial network
Authors: Satoh Hiroaki , Yoshida Norinobu , Miyanaga Yoshikazu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPhotonic crystals have a stopband characteristic (photonic bandgap: PBG) in which the light in a specific wavelength band is strongly attenuated. This structure is expected to exhibit the possibility of fine‐structure devices with sharp bends on the order of a wavelength that cannot be realized by weakly guided waves such as those in an optical fiber and a slab waveguide. However, significant difficulties are expected for their design and fabrication. Therefore, understanding and prediction by simulation are indispensable. To date, many analyses have been carried out by the FDTD method and the BPM method. In particular, for the fabrication of functional optical‐circuit devices, it is necessary to carry out a global analysis of the photonic crystal optical waveguide, including dielectric materials with dispersion and nonlinear effects. In this paper, the fundamental properties of photonic crystal optical waveguides containing various media are analyzed by means of the special feature of treating the medium condition in the condensed node spatial network method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(5): 10–20, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10018
Analysis of kink concentration during low‐temperature annealing of low‐energy implanted boron
Authors: Furuta Yoshikazu , Kim Ryangsu , Xia Jianxin , Aoki Takenori , Saito Tomoya , Kamakura Yoshinari , Taniguchi Kenji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExperiments on the kink concentration of boron were investigated using a low‐energy boron‐implanted Si. It was found that the kink concentration has a time dependence and the process of kink formation can be classified into three stages. It has been confirmed from this phenomenon that the kink concentration is determined by the balance between the dissolution of boron clusters and the diffusion of boron. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(5): 29–34, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.1104