bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental Trajectory of Body Weight in Youths at Risk for Major Mood Disorders
Authors: Adepalli Nitya , Cumby Jill , Campbell Niamh , Pavlova Barbara , Alda Martin , Cahill Leah E. , Uher Rudolf 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceMood disorders are associated with increased body weight, especially in females, but it remains unknown when the weight increase starts.ObjectivesTo examine sex-specific weight trajectories associated with familial mood disorder risk and determine the age at which youth at familial risk for mood disorders begin to diverge in weight from controls.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis community-based, single-center, acceleration cohort study of youth at familial risk for mood disorders and controls with yearly follow-ups (mean [SD], 5 [2.1] years) from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2022, assessed 394 unaffected female and male offspring (aged 3 to 20 years) of parents with or without a mood disorder. Parents with mood (depressive or bipolar) disorders were recruited through adult mental health services. Parents of control participants were matched on age and socioeconomic factors and recruited through acquaintance referrals or schools.ExposuresThe youth in the familial mood risk group had at least 1 parent with a major mood disorder, whereas control youth did not have a parent with a mood disorder.Main Outcomes and MeasuresBody mass indexes (BMIs) were calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared from measured weight and height at annual assessments and then converted to age- and sex-adjusted z scores (zBMIs). Repeated-measure regressions examined the association between zBMI and age in youth at familial risk of mood disorders and controls while accounting for sex. Sensitivity analyses accounted for socioeconomic status, prematurity, and birth weight.ResultsOf 394 participants (mean [SD] age, 11.5 [3.6] years; 203 [51.5%] female), youths at familial risk for mood disorders showed overall no difference in body weight (β = 0.12; 95% CI, 0.01-0.24) from controls. A sex-specific difference was detected, with females at familial risk showing a rapid peripubertal increase in body weight, leading to significantly increased zBMIs at 12 years and older compared with controls (β = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.31-0.82) independent of socioeconomic status, prematurity, or birth weight. Males did not differ from controls at any age.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, females with a family history of mood disorders were prone to weight gain starting around puberty and predating mood disorder onset. Early interventions aiming to prevent adverse mental and physical outcomes in this vulnerable group need to start in childhood.
Promoting Surgeon-Scientists in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery—From Bench to Bedside
Authors: Kosaraju Nikitha , Keating Donald P. , Kim Grace S. , Moore Lindsay S. , Stankovic Konstantina M. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceSurgeon-scientists (defined as principal investigators [PIs] with a Doctor of Medicine [MD] degree or a combined MD and Doctor of Philosophy [PhD] degree) in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OHNS) are imperative for achieving clinical translation in the OHNS field.ObjectiveTo (1) raise awareness about the current state of surgeon-scientists in OHNS, (2) contextualize the landscape of surgeon-scientists in OHNS by comparing it to those of neurosurgery and ophthalmology, and (3) identify strategies for attracting and retaining surgeon-scientists in OHNS.Evidence ReviewResearch funding data from fiscal years 2015 to 2021 among surgeon-scientists in OHNS, neurosurgery, and ophthalmology were obtained from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results and the US Department of Defense (DOD) Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs awards database. The Association of American Medical Colleges provided the total number of active physicians in each specialty per year and the number and percentage of residents with an MD-PhD degree in each specialty per year. Cohen d was used to express the standardized value of the magnitude of the mean difference between compared groups.FindingsFrom 2015 to 2021, on average, there were 9566 active physicians in OHNS, 5559.8 in neurosurgery, and 18908.8 in ophthalmology. In OHNS, a greater number of NIH K (research career development) grants were held by surgeon-scientists than by PIs with a PhD degree (21.4 vs 5.1; mean difference, 16.3; 95% CI, 14.3-18.3; Cohen d = 9.6), whereas most NIH R (research) and U (cooperative agreement) grants (144.1 vs 81.6; mean difference, 62.6; 95% CI, 46.3-78.9; Cohen d = 4.5) and DOD grants (9.9 vs 4.1; mean difference, 5.7; 95% CI, 1.0-10.4; Cohen d = 1.4) were held by PIs with a PhD degree. In a comparison of OHNS to neurosurgery and ophthalmology, after the number of R and U grants was scaled by the number of physicians in each field, neurosurgery had a much greater number of grants per surgeon than OHNS (0.02 vs 0.01; mean difference, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.01-0.02; Cohen d = 4.2). Additionally, neurosurgeons received a much larger R and U grant amount per physician than otolaryngologists ($10 630.20 vs $4511.80; mean difference, $6118.40; 95% CI, $2625.90-$9610.80; Cohen d = 2.0). For the R and U grant metrics, there were no meaningful differences between OHNS and ophthalmology.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this database study showed that from 2015 to 2021, the number of governmental grants held by surgeon-scientists in OHNS increased, but there is room for improvement given the metrics of neurosurgeons, a population smaller than otolaryngologists. Possible strategies include intramural research grants, surgeon-scientist training programs, and partnerships between specialty societies and NIH administering institutes and centers.
Dental Extractions Before Radiation Therapy and the Risk of Osteoradionecrosis in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Lee Junhyung , Hueniken Katrina , Cuddy Karl , Pu Jiajie , El Maghrabi Amr , Hope Andrew , Hosni Ali , Glogauer Michael , Watson Erin 
Published: October 2023

ImportancePatients with head and neck cancer undergo extraction of teeth with poor prognoses to minimize post-radiation therapy (RT) extractions, which are known to cause osteoradionecrosis (ORN). However, many patients are required to start RT before the extraction sites are completely healed. The role of pre-RT extractions in the development of ORN has been disputed in literature.ObjectiveTo determine whether the timing of pre-RT dental extractions is associated with ORN development in patients with head and neck cancer.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single institution (Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada) between January 1, 2011, and January 1, 2018, and included 879 patients with head and neck cancer who underwent pre-RT dental extractions before curative RT of 45 Gy or greater. Patient demographic information and clinical characteristics (eg, primary cancer site, nodal involvement, chemotherapy, smoking status, dental pathology) were considered. Data analyses were performed from July to December 2022.Main outcomes and measuresTiming (number of days) from dental extractions to RT start date and pre-RT extractions categorized as healed, minor bone spicules (MBS), or ORN.ResultsThe study population consisted of 879 patients with a median (range) age of 62 (20-96) years, with 685 men (78%) and 194 women (22%). Of these, 847 (96.3%) healed from pre-RT dental extractions, 16 (1.8%) developed MBS, and 16 (1.8%) developed ORN. The median (range) time in number of days from pre-RT extraction(s) to start of RT was 9 (0-98) days in the healed cohort, 6 (3-23) days in the MBS cohort, and 6 (0-12) days in the ORN cohort. There was a large difference in the timing of pre-RT extractions between the healed and the MBS cohorts (mean 11.9 vs 7.4 days to radiation; difference 4.4; 95% CI, 1.5-7.3), and the healed and the ORN cohorts (mean 11.9 vs 7.1 days; difference 4.8 days; 95% CI, 2.6-7.1).ConclusionThe findings of this retrospective cohort study suggest that there was an important association between the timing of pre-RT dental extractions and ORN when extractions occurred within 7 days of the RT start date. Despite this, ORN after pre-RT extractions is relatively rare. These findings indicate that patients with head and neck cancer who are to undergo RT should not delay treatment for extractions when it might compromise oncologic control.
Scalable Production of Transition Metal Chalcogenides/Ultrathin 2D Carbon Nanosheets Composites with a Universal “All‐in‐One” Blowing Strategy
Authors: Li Jianyu , Pang Zimo , Gao Chao , Zhang Guangyue , Dai Jianhong , Chen Tao , Su Xin , Zhou Weiwei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTransition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) belongs to the most promising class of materials with unique properties and widespread applications. Coupling with carbon materials allows further enhancement of the specific performance of TMCs by mitigating their intrinsic deficiencies. However, the synthesis of a wide variety of TMCs/carbon composites with a universal strategy especially in a scalable manner remains challenging. In this work, by utilizing the gas‐liquid interfaces in viscous gel precursors, an “all‐in‐one” blowing strategy is proposed to achieve the synchronous growth of TMCs and carbon nanosheets, obviating the additional chalcogenization process. The generality of the proposed blowing strategy is validated by the fabrication of 32 different TMCs/carbon composites, including 24 binary TMCs, 4 ternary TMCs and 4 high‐entropy sulfides. In‐depth mechanistic study is accomplished by investigating the physical evolution of blowing process and accompanying chemical reactions systematically. Also, the structure of the resulting foam is adjustable by controlling the heating rate and viscosity of the precursors is demonstrated. As an illustrative example for the application of energy storage, MoS2xSe2(1‐x)@CNS exhibits great Li+ storage capacity and cycling stability. Overall, this methodology serves as an effective general strategy for the rational discovery of TMCs/carbon composites and inorganic solid foams.
Perovskite BaTaO2N: From Materials Synthesis to Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Hojamberdiev Mirabbos , Vargas Ronald , Zhang Fuxiang , Teshima Katsuya , Lerch Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBarium tantalum oxynitride (BaTaO2N), as a member of an emerging class of perovskite oxynitrides, is regarded as a promising inorganic material for solar water splitting because of its small band gap, visible light absorption, and suitable band edge potentials for overall water splitting in the absence of an external bias. However, BaTaO2N still exhibits poor water‐splitting performance that is susceptible to its synthetic history, surface states, recombination process, and instability. This review provides a comprehensive summary of previous progress, current advances, existing challenges, and future perspectives of BaTaO2N for solar water splitting. A particular emphasis is given to highlighting the principles of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, classic and emerging photocatalysts for oxygen evolution reactions, and the crystal and electronic structures, dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties, synthesis routes, and thin‐film fabrication of BaTaO2N. Various strategies to achieve enhanced water‐splitting performance of BaTaO2N, such as reducing the surface and bulk defect density, engineering the crystal facets, tailoring the particle morphology, size, and porosity, cation doping, creating the solid solutions, forming the heterostructures and heterojunctions, designing the photoelectrochemical cells, and loading suitable cocatalysts are discussed. Also, the avenues for further investigation and the prospects of using BaTaO2N in solar water splitting are presented.
Normal B cells express ZAP70 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A link between autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation?
Authors: Ghergus Dana , Martin Mickaël , Knapp Anne‐Marie , Delmotte Fabien , Joublin‐Delavat Aurélie , Jung Sophie , Schickel Jean‐Nicolas , Mendel Isabelle , Dupuis Arnaud , Drénou Bernard , Ghesquières Hervé , Salles Gilles , Baseggio Lucile , Herbrecht Raoul , Korganow Anne‐Sophie , Vallat Laurent , Soulas‐Sprauel Pauline , Meffre Eric , Martin Thierry 
Published: October 2023

AbstractZAP70 has a prognostic value in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), through altered B‐cell receptor signaling, which is important in CLL pathogenesis. A good correlation between ZAP70 expression in CLL cells and the occurrence of autoimmune phenomena has been reported. Yet, the great majority of CLL‐associated autoimmune cytopenia is due to polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) G synthesized by nonmalignant B cells, and this phenomenon is poorly understood. Here, we show, using flow cytometry, that a substantial percentage of CD5‐ nonmalignant B cells from CLL patients expresses ZAP70 compared with CD5‐ B cells from healthy subjects. This ZAP70 expression in normal B cells from CLL patients was also evidenced by the detection of ZAP70 mRNA at single‐cell level with polyclonal Ig heavy‐ and light‐chain gene transcripts. ZAP70+ normal B cells belong to various B‐cell subsets and their presence in the naïve B‐cell subset suggests that ZAP70 expression may occur during early B‐cell development in CLL patients and potentially before malignant transformation. The presence of ZAP70+ normal B cells is associated with autoimmune cytopenia in CLL patients in our cohort of patients, and recombinant antibodies produced from these ZAP70+ nonmalignant B cells were frequently autoreactive including anti‐platelet reactivity. These results provide a better understanding of the implication of ZAP70 in CLL leukemogenesis and the mechanisms of autoimmune complications of CLL.
Enhancing Local CO2 Adsorption by L‐histidine Incorporation for Selective Formate Production Over the Wide Potential Window
Authors: Li Yicheng , Delmo Ernest Pahuyo , Hou Guoyu , Cui Xianglong , Zhao Ming , Tian Zhihong , Zhang Yu , Shao Minhua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractElectrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) to produce valuable chemicals is a promising pathway to alleviate the energy crisis and global warming issues. However, simultaneously achieving high Faradaic efficiency (FE) and current densities of CO2RR in a wide potential range remains as a huge challenge for practical implements. Herein, we demonstrate that incorporating bismuth‐based (BH) catalysts with L‐histidine, a common amino acid molecule of proteins, is an effective strategy to overcome the inherent trade‐off between the activity and selectivity. Benefiting from the significantly enhanced CO2 adsorption capability and promoted electron‐rich nature by L‐histidine integrity, the BH catalyst exhibits excellent FEformate in the unprecedented wide potential windows (>90 % within −0.1–−1.8 V and >95 % within −0.2–−1.6 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE). Excellent CO2RR performance can still be achieved under the low‐concentration CO2 feeding (e.g., 20 vol.%). Besides, an extremely low onset potential of −0.05 VRHE (close to the theoretical thermodynamic potential of −0.02 VRHE) was detected by in situ ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) measurements, together with stable operation over 50 h with preserved FEformate of ≈95 % and high partial current density of 326.2 mA cm−2 at −1.0 VRHE.
Catalyst‐Controlled Divergent Generations and Transformations of α‐Carbonyl Cations from Alkynes**
Authors: Zhou Junrui , Wang Weilin , Zuo Fenfang , Liu Shupeng , Mosim Amin Pathan , Zhong Kangbao , Bai Ruopeng , Wang Youliang 
Published: October 2023

Abstractα‐Carbonyl cations are the umpolung forms of the synthetically fundamental α‐carbonyl carbanions. They are highly reactive yet rarely studied and utilized species and their precursors were rather limited. Herein, we report the catalyst‐controlled divergent generations of α‐carbonyl cations from single alkyne functionalities and the interception of them via Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement. Two chemodivergent catalytic systems have been established, leading to two different types of α‐carbonyl cations and, eventually, two different types of products, i.e. the α,β‐ and β,γ‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Broad spectrum of alkynes including aryl alkyne, ynamide, alkynyl ether, and alkynyl sulfide could be utilized and the migration priorities of different groups in the Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement step was elucidated. Density functional theory calculations further supported the intermediacy of α‐carbonyl cations via the N−O bond cleavage in both the two catalytic systems. Another key feature of this methodology was the fragmentation of synthetically inert tert‐butyl groups into readily transformable olefin functionalities. The synthetic potential was highlighted by the scale‐up reactions and the downstream diversifications including the formal synthesis of nicotlactone B and galbacin.
Low‐Temperature Hydrogenation of CO2 to Methanol in Water on ZnO‐Supported CuAu Nanoalloys
Authors: Mosrati Jawaher , Ishida Tamao , Mac Hung , Al‐Yusufi Mohammed , Honma Tetsuo , Parliniska‐Wojtan Magdalena , Kobayashi Yasuhiro , Klyushin Alexander , Murayama Toru , Abdel‐Mageed Ali M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOptimizing processes and materials for the valorization of CO2 to hydrogen carriers or platform chemicals is a key step for mitigating global warming and for the sustainable use of renewables. We report here on the hydrogenation of CO2 in water on ZnO‐supported CuAu nanoalloys, based on ≤7 mol % Au. CuxAuy/ZnO catalysts were characterized using 197Au Mössbauer, in situ X‐ray absorption (Au LIII‐ and Cu K‐edges), and ambient pressure X‐ray photoelectron (APXP) spectroscopic methods together with X‐ray diffraction and high‐resolution electron microscopy. At 200 °C, the conversion of CO2 showed a significant increase by 34 times (from 0.1 to 3.4 %) upon increasing Cu93Au7 loading from 1 to 10 wt %, while maintaining methanol selectivity at 100 %. Limited CO selectivity (4–6 %) was observed upon increasing temperature up to 240 °C but associated with a ≈3‐fold increase in CO2 conversion. Based on APXPS during CO2 hydrogenation in an H2O‐rich mixture, Cu segregates preferentially to the surface in a mainly metallic state, while slightly charged Au submerges deeper into the subsurface region. These results and detailed structural analyses are topics of the present contribution.
Metal‐Free Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction to CH4 and H2O2 under Non‐sacrificial Ambient Conditions
Authors: Zou Weixin , Cheng Yingyi , Ye Yu‐Xin , Wei Xiaoqian , Tong Qing , Dong Lin , Ouyang Gangfeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPhotocatalytic CO2 reduction to CH4 requires photosensitizers and sacrificial agents to provide sufficient electrons and protons through metal‐based photocatalysts, and the separation of CH4 from by‐product O2 has poor applications. Herein, we successfully synthesize a metal‐free photocatalyst of a novel electron‐acceptor 4,5,9,10‐pyrenetetrone (PT), to our best knowledge, this is the first time that metal‐free catalyst achieves non‐sacrificial photocatalytic CO2 to CH4 and easily separable H2O2. This photocatalyst offers CH4 product of 10.6 μmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1 under non‐sacrificial ambient conditions (room temperature, and only water), which is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the reported metal‐free photocatalysts. Comprehensive in situ characterizations and calculations reveal a multi‐step reaction mechanism, in which the long‐lived oxygen‐centered radical in the excited PT provides as a site for CO2 activation, resulting in a stabilized cyclic carbonate intermediate with a lower formation energy. This key intermediate is thermodynamically crucial for the subsequent reduction to CH4 product with the electronic selectivity of up to 90 %. The work provides fresh insights on the economic viability of photocatalytic CO2 reduction to easily separable CH4 in non‐sacrificial and metal‐free conditions.
Understanding the chemistry of graphene oxide on redox flow lithium‐ion batteries with a view to enhancing the battery's high‐density storage
Authors: Onoh Edwin U. , Nwanya Asumpta C. , Shinde Nanasaheb M. , Nwulu Nnamdi , Ezema Fabian I. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe use of graphene oxide (GO) has shown potential in improving the performance of redox flow lithium‐ion batteries (RFLIBs). These types of batteries use a liquid electrolyte containing redox‐active species to store and release energy. Despite being scalable, RFLIBs face limitations, namely, low energy density of the electrolyte and reduced cycling stability of the electrodes. However, GO's unique properties, such as its high conductivity as well as large surface area, create an attractive option for enhancing the electrochemical properties of both the electrolyte and electrodes in RFLIBs. When used as an electrode, GO improves the kinetic reversibility reactions, leading to increased electrochemical activity towards redox couples. Charge transfer resistances of positive and negative reactions are reduced, leading to increased voltage energy and efficiency of lithium batteries in terms of energy usage. As redox flow batteries made of lithium ions are an established subsystem and a growing research and development field, there is potential to enhance their performance and reduce costs through the use of GO. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the chemistry of GO as it pertains to RFLIBs use, covering topics such as its surface chemistry, functionalization, and interactions with redox‐active species, as well as its potential for enhancing high‐density storage of electricity in batteries. Specifically, it will discuss the impact of GO on redox reactions in the electrolyte, including its ability to raise the redox‐active species concentration as well as enhance their stability. The review will also examine how GO impacts the electrodes, including its potential to increase their surface area and conductivity and promote cycling stability. Additionally, the review will address the importance of optimizing the quantity and distribution of GO in both the electrolyte and electrodes of RFLIBs.