bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coherence analysis differentiates between cortical myoclonic tremor and essential tremor
Authors: van Rootselaar Anne‐Fleur , Maurits Natasha M. , Koelman Johannes H.T.M. , van der Hoeven Johannes H. , Bour Lo J. , Leenders Klaus L. , Brown Peter , Tijssen Marina A.J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFamilial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy (FCMTE) is characterized by a distal kinetic tremor, infrequent epileptic attacks, and autosomal dominant inheritance. The tremor is thought to originate from the motor cortex. In our patient group, a premovement cortical spike could not be established on electroencephalogram (EEG) back‐averaging. Corticomuscular and intermuscular coherence analysis can demonstrate a cortical common drive to muscles. We carried out coherence analysis of electromyography (EMG) of forearm muscles and EEG of contralateral motor cortex in 7 FCMTE patients, 8 essential tremor (ET) patients, and 7 healthy controls. Results showed strong cortico‐ and intermuscular coherence in the 8‐ to 30‐Hz range in the FCMTE patients, with EEG preceding EMG. Healthy controls and ET patients showed normal weak coherence around 20 Hz. The ET patients showed some additional coherence at tremor frequency (6 Hz), probably the result of sensory information flowing back to the sensorimotor cortex. These findings point to a pathological cortical drive in FCMTE patients leading to tremulous movements. Coherence analysis is an easy and useful method to differentiate FCMTE from ET. Coherence analysis is helpful when investigating a cortical common drive in cortical tremor and other movement disorders. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Implementation and evaluation of CSI‐localized J cross‐polarization for detection of 31P magnetic resonance spectra in vivo
Authors: Mancini Laura , Payne Geoffrey S. , Leach Martin O. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDouble resonance techniques such as INEPT (insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer) and JCP (J cross‐polarization) have previously been applied in vitro to enhance the SNR of low‐sensitivity nuclei and detect altered metabolism, for example, with 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), where the 1H‐13C scalar couplings are of the order of 130 Hz. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential advantage of using JCP for the detection of phosphomonoesters (PME) and phosphodiesters (PDE) with 31P MRS in vivo. These metabolites are involved in membrane metabolism and their concentration is altered in tumors and other pathologies. JCP has been implemented and compared with INEPT and pulse‐and‐acquire in vivo both in unlocalized and in localized spectra in order to select the optimum method for in vivo applications for PME and PDE detection. The results suggest that JCP can give up to 20% more signal in the PME region and up to 70% more signal in the PDE region, with 20 to 70% lower power deposition than INEPT. Such enhancement could be used to reduce the measurement times for equivalent signal‐to‐noise ratios. The JCP sequence is, however, slightly more sensitive than INEPT to RF field inhomogeneities, as predicted from theory. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of the NMR behavior of white matter in bovine brain
Authors: Bjarnason T.A. , Vavasour I.M. , Chia C.L.L. , MacKay A.L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn vitro experiments on 15 white matter samples from five bovine brains were performed on a 1H‐NMR spectrometer at 24°C and 37°C. The average myelin water fractions (MWFs) were 10.9% and 11.8% for samples at 24°C and 37°C, respectively. The T1 relaxation time at 37°C was found to be 830 ms, exhibiting monoexponential behavior. A four‐pool model including intra/extracellular (IE) water, myelin water, nonmyelin tissue, and myelin tissue was proposed to simulate the NMR behavior of bovine white matter. A cross‐relaxation correction was introduced to compensate for shifting of the measured data points and T2 times over the duration of the Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill (CPMG) measurement due to cross relaxation. This correction was found to be slight, providing evidence that MWFs measured using a multiecho technique are near physical values. At 24°C the cross‐relaxation times between myelin tissue and myelin water, myelin water and IE water, and IE water and nonmyelin tissue were found to be approximately 227, 2064, and 402 ms, respectively. At 37°C these same cross‐relaxation times were 158, 1021, and 170 ms, respectively. The exchange rate between myelin water and myelin was found to be 11.8 s−1 at 37°C, while the exchange rate between IE water and nonmyelin tissue was found to be 6.8 s−1. These exchange rates are of similar magnitude, which indicates that the interaction between IE water and nonmyelin tissue cannot be ignored. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prospective correction of affine motion for arbitrary MR sequences on a clinical scanner
Authors: Nehrke Kay , Börnert Peter 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe concept of prospective 3D affine motion correction was generalized, based on the Bloch equations, for signal excitation and sampling using arbitrary MR sequences. The technique was implemented on a clinical MRI scanner for Cartesian, radial, and spiral imaging sequences, as well as for 2D spatially selective RF excitation pulses. A patient‐specific motion model steered by real‐time navigators was employed to account for the additional degrees of freedom provided by the affine motion model. Different navigator concepts (multiple spatial and temporal navigators, quadratic navigators and other motion sensors) were investigated, with the aim of improving the correlation between navigator information and the motion model. Experiments on moving phantoms are presented to prove the technical feasibility of the approach. In vivo experiments on coronary MRA and renal MRI show the potential of the method for cardiac and abdominal applications hampered by respiratory motion. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The safety of central line placement prior to treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Carr Emily , Jayabose Somasundaram , Stringel Gustavo , Slim Michel , Ozkaynak M. Fevzi , Tugal Oya , Sandoval Claudio 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackgroundCentral venous lines are placed in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at diagnosis, despite significant cytopenias, to facilitate the administration of chemotherapy and blood sampling. The present study aimed to determine the safety of central line placement in these patients.MethodsWe reviewed the charts of 115 consecutive patients treated during a 10‐year period. Data abstracted comprised age, gender, presenting and preoperative blood counts, type of central line, blood products transfused preoperatively, duration of neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [ANC], <500/µl), treatment, and central line‐associated complications.ResultsThere were 66 male and 49 female patients with a median age of 4 years. Seventy‐one patients were classified as standard‐risk and 44 as high‐risk. Respective median blood counts at diagnosis and prior to surgery were white cell count (µl), 4,200 and 5,550; hemoglobin (g/dl), 7.7 and 9.4; platelet count (µl), 63,000 and 72,000; and ANC (µl), 3,950 and 4,900. The median duration of neutropenia was 15 days in the standard‐risk group and 18 days in the high‐risk group. Thirty‐eight patients were not transfused preoperatively. There were no episodes of bacteremia. Seven patients (7%) with life‐ports experienced a complication: in four blood could not be aspirated, two ports needed realignment, and one a wound infection developed without dehiscence. Four patients (27%) with external lines had a complication: one each with line occlusion, accidental removal by patient, line rupture, and line leakage at insertion site. The complication rate between ports and external lines was different (P = 0.045).ConclusionsCentral line placement prior to anti‐leukemia treatment is safe. Most complications are mechanical and not due to leukemia, chemotherapy, or cytopenias. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of well‐defined three‐armed polystyrene having thiourethane–isocyanurate as the core structure derived from trifunctional five‐membered cyclic dithiocarbonate
Authors: Suzuki Akane , Nagai Daisuke , Ochiai Bungo , Endo Takeshi 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe synthesis of a three‐armed polymer with an isocyanurate–thiourethane core structure is described. Monofunctional reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent 2 and trifunctional RAFT agent 5 were prepared from mercapto‐thiourethane and tris(mercapto‐thiourethane), which were obtained from the aminolysis of mono‐ and trifunctional five‐membered cyclic dithiocarbonates, respectively. The radical polymerization of styrene in the presence of 2,2′‐azobis(isobutyronitrile) and RAFT agent 2 in bulk at 60 °C proceeded in a controlled fashion to afford the corresponding polystyrene with desired molecular weights (number‐average molecular weight = 3000–10,100) and narrow molecular weight distributions (weight‐average molecular weight/number‐average molecular weight < 1.13). On the basis of the successful results with the monofunctional RAFT agents, three‐armed polystyrene with thiourethane–isocyanurate as the core structure could be obtained with trifunctional RAFT agent 5 in a similar manner. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5498–5505, 2005
Preparation of a chemically amplified photosensitive polyimide based on norbornene‐end‐capped poly(amic acid ethoxymethylester)
Authors: Jung Myung‐Sup , Lee Sang Kyun , Hyeon‐Lee Jinkyu , Park Moon Ki , Jung Hee‐Tae 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA positive‐working chemically amplified photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) developable with basic aqueous solutions was obtained from poly(amic acid ethoxymethylester) (PAAE) as a polyimide precursor and diphenyliodonium 5‐hydroxynaphthalene‐1‐sulfonate (DINS) as a photoacid generator. The norbornene‐end‐capped PAAE based on 4,4′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride and 4,4′‐oxydianiline exhibited high transparency at 365 nm. The protection ratio of the ethoxymethyl groups was optimized to maximize the difference between the dissolution rates of the exposed and unexposed areas. The acid generated from DINS in the UV‐exposed region effectively deprotected the ethoxymethyl groups of PAAE by a chemical amplification mechanism. A 10‐μm‐thick film of the PSPI precursor system containing 16 wt % DINS exhibited a sensitivity (Do) of 1100 mJ cm−2 when developed with a 2.38 wt % aqueous tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide solution at room temperature. A fine, positive, 5‐μm line‐and‐space pattern was fabricated in a 15‐μm‐thick film with 1500 mJ cm−2 of UV exposure. This resolution is excellent in comparison with those previously reported for chemically amplified PSPIs, and such a film can thus be used as a buffer coating in semiconductor packaging. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5520–5528, 2005
What do we know about facilitating patient communication in the cancer care setting?
Authors: Parker Patricia A. , Davison B. Joyce , Tishelman Carol. , Brundage Michael D. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThroughout the cancer diagnosis and treatment period, patients interact with multiple healthcare providers. In order to facilitate these communications, researchers have developed interventions primarily for providers, and, more recently, for patients. The aim of this paper is to conduct a critical examination of a sample of the empirical literature regarding current knowledge about the types of interventions that have been designed to facilitate cancer patients' communication with their healthcare providers. Overall, the empirical literature suggests that some types of patient‐based interventions (e.g. prompt sheets, audiotapes, coaching sessions) may be beneficial in specific areas (e.g. increasing the number of questions asked, increased patient satisfaction). However, there are few consistent findings and the outcome measures that have been examined have varied substantially across studies. More controlled studies using carefully chosen outcome variables are needed. Increasing patients' communication skills so that their goals are met has the potential to positively affect the communication process. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectroscopic, magnetic and dielectric investigations of BaO–Ga2O3–P2O5 glasses doped by Cu ions
Authors: Prasad S. V. G. V. A. , Sahaya Baskaran G. , Veeraiah N. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBaO–Ga2O3–P2O5 glasses containing small concentrations of CuO (ranging from 0 to 0.4 mol%) were prepared. A number of studies, i.e. differential scanning calorimetry, infrared, optical absorption and ESR spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility and dielectric properties (constant (ε ′), loss (tan δ ), ac conductivity (σ ac) over a range of frequency and temperature), of these glasses were carried out. The analysis of the results indicates an increasing stability of the glass network when the concentration of CuO is greater than 0.2 mol% in the glass matrix. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stochastic modelling of gene regulatory networks
Authors: El Samad Hana , Khammash Mustafa , Petzold Linda , Gillespie Dan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractGene regulatory networks are dynamic and stochastic in nature, and exhibit exquisite feedback and feedforward control loops that regulate their biological function at different levels. Modelling of such networks poses new challenges due, in part, to the small number of molecules involved and the stochastic nature of their interactions. In this article, we motivate the stochastic modelling of genetic networks and demonstrate the approach using several examples. We discuss the mathematics of molecular noise models including the chemical master equation, the chemical Langevin equation, and the reaction rate equation. We then discuss numerical simulation approaches using the stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA) and its variants. Finally, we present some recent advances for dealing with stochastic stiffness, which is the key challenge in efficiently simulating stochastic chemical kinetics. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bias resulting from the use of ‘assay sensitivity’ as an inclusion criterion for meta‐analysis
Authors: Gelfand Lois A. , Strunk Daniel R. , Tu Xin M. , Noble Ronald E. S. , DeRubeis Robert J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAssay sensitivity has been proposed as a criterion for including psychiatric clinical outcome studies in meta‐analyses. The authors assess the performance of assay sensitivity as a method for determining study appropriateness for meta‐analysis by calculating expected standard drug vs placebo effect sizes for various combinations of high quality and flawed studies. In the absence of flawed studies, expected effect sizes are close to unbiased only when sample sizes are very large. In the presence of flawed studies, expected effect sizes tend to be substantially biased except under simultaneous conditions of high power, a large proportion of flawed studies, and a population standard vs placebo effect size of flawed studies considerably lower than that of high quality studies. The authors conclude that this method is not robust and can lead to serious bias. Unless it can be shown that specific conditions hold, assay sensitivity should not be used to make quality judgments of studies. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tolerability of beta‐blockers in elderly patients with chronic heart failure: The COLA II study
Authors: Krum Henry , Hill Julie , Fruhwald Friedrich , Sharpe Christine , Abraham Gyorgy , Zhu Jun‐Ren , Poy Carlos , Kragten J.A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackground:Beta‐blockers are recommended therapy for patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). However, there remains concern regarding tolerability of these agents in the elderly, which has contributed to the limited uptake of these agents in clinical practice.Aims:We conducted a multi‐national, prospective evaluation of tolerability to carvedilol in 1030 CHF patients aged >70 years selected by their treating physician to receive this agent in everyday practice.Methods and Results:NYHA Class II–IV CHF patients were assessed at baseline for key demographic parameters that may predict tolerability, then followed for 6 months after starting carvedilol. Tolerability was defined as being on ≥6.25 mg bd of carvedilol at 6 months having received a total of ≥3 months therapy. Tolerability overall was 80% with age 70–75 years 84.3%, 76–80 years 76.8% and >80 years 76.8%. Mean carvedilol dose achieved was 31.2 mg. In multivariate analysis, advanced age, low diastolic BP, LVEF, obstructive airways disease and presence of diabetes were predictors of tolerability.Conclusions:Carvedilol appears to be well tolerated in this elderly CHF patient cohort. Therefore, elderly CHF patients should not be denied treatment with carvedilol because of concerns regarding tolerability.
Effectiveness of comprehensive disease management programmes in improving clinical outcomes in heart failure patients. A meta‐analysis
Authors: Roccaforte Rosa , Demers Catherine , Baldassarre Fulvia , K. Teo Koon , Yusuf Salim 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackground:Disease management programmes (DMP) have been advocated to improve long term outcomes of heart failure (HF) patients.Aims:To summarise the evidence supporting DMP effectiveness in improving HF clinical outcomes.Methods:Eligible studies were located through a systematic literature search. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs), enrolling HF patients, and allocating them to DMP or usual care (UC), were included. Information on study setting and design, participants' characteristics and interventions tested were collected. A study quality assessment was performed. Main clinical outcomes assessed were: all‐cause mortality and (re)hospitalisations, HF‐related (re)hospitalisations and mortality. Meta‐analysis was performed according to both Yusuf–Peto method and random effects model.Results:Thirty‐three RCTs were included. Mortality was significantly reduced by DMP compared to UC: OR = 0.80 (CI 0.69–0.93, p=0.003). All‐cause and HF‐related hospitalisation rates were also significantly reduced: OR=0.76 (CI 0.69–0.94, p<0.00001) and OR=0.58 (CI 0.50–0.67, p<0.00001), respectively. Different DMP approaches appeared to be equally effective (sensitivity analyses).Conclusion:DMP reduce mortality and hospitalisations in HF patients. Because various types of DMP appear to be similarly effective, the choice of a specific programme depends on local health services characteristics, patient population, and resources available.
The fortune of a botanical curiosity – Triticale: past, present and future
Authors: OETTLER G. 
Published: September 2005

Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) is the intergeneric hybrid between the female parent wheat (Triticum ssp.) and the male parent rye (Secale ssp.). The early work identifying and then producing primary and secondary triticales is described. Early wheat–rye hybrids were characterized by reproductive disorders and the cytology and meiotic characteristics have received much attention. Chromosome constitution has been studied particularly in relation to R-D substitution. Triticale has always been bred as a self-pollinating crop, although outcrossing can occur, and current cultivars are all nearly homozygous and homogeneous lines. Hybrid breeding (using cytoplasmic male sterility) makes the optimum exploitation of heterosis possible and, with the aid of molecular markers, triticale germplasm is presently being investigated to establish genetically diverse heterotic groups.The first released spring and winter cultivars were generally characterized by good disease resistance, but low grain yield, shrivelled grain, high protein content, excessive height, lodging and preharvest sprouting. Breeding effort has increased yield, reduced shrivelling and improved test weight but at the expense of protein content, which is now comparable to wheat and rye. Plant height and lodging are also now comparable to wheat and rye. Progress in reducing preharvest sprouting by genetic selection is proving difficult and slow. Triticale may be suitable for grain production and for dual purpose usage for forage and grain.The role of biotechnology in triticale improvement is described. The future of the crop, especially in low-input systems, and as raw material for industrial uses is considered.
Genetic analysis of physical grain quality characters in sorghum
Authors: AUDILAKSHMI S. , ARUNA C. 
Published: September 2005

Sorghum is grown the world over for both human and animal consumption. Recently, the increase in grain production has slowed; simultaneously, its marketability has declined. Grain size is one of the most important determinants of grain yield and market price in India. One important factor responsible for the decline in consumption of sorghum in India is the inferior quality of rainy season produce. Consumers prefer post rainy season sorghums as the grains are bold, round and lustrous in appearance. Any improvement in the quality of rainy season sorghum grain would help it to fetch higher market prices.In the present study, the genetics of important grain quality characteristics such as grain size, grain shape and lustre were studied using two crosses based on elite sorghum lines 463B and AKMS 14B, and a germplasm line, IS 17600, during 2001 at the National Research Centre for Sorghum, Hyderabad, India. Generation mean analysis and frequency distribution studies revealed that grain size is governed by dominant genes that are polygenic in nature. Predominance of dominance and epistatic interactions in both crosses indicates that selection for higher grain size would be more effective if the dominance and epistatic effects are first reduced by a few generations of selfing. Biparental mating is suggested for developing homozygous bold grain lines. Round grain shape is governed by a single dominant gene and grain lustre by two complementary recessive genes. The study suggested that developing a sorghum hybrid with bold, round grain is feasible provided either of the parents has bold and/or round grain. However, for the hybrid to be lustrous, both parents need to be lustrous and homozygous for the alleles conferring grain lustre at a common locus. With the possibility of development of sorghum hybrids with bold, round and lustrous grain, there is scope for improvement in consumer preference of rainy season sorghum grain.