bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Metagenomics to Study the Impact of Soil Salinity on Microbial Diversity in Al-Madinah, KSA
Authors: Waznah Moayad S , Albasri Hibah M , Albahri Hassan A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The chemical properties and fertility of soil are greatly influenced by soil microbes, which are essential to the biogeochemical cycle. Analyzing the microbial structure of soil is important for efficient use of the soil, whether it be for agricultural purposes or other uses. Sabkhat Al-Madinah in Saudi Arabia has soil with high salinity and plants that thrive in that environment. The microbial makeup of the soil in this area has not been extensively researched. This study aimed to analyze the microbial structure of two locations in Sabkhat Al-Madinah's soil and examine the correlation with soil properties. The 16S rRNA gene's V3-V4 region was targeted for metagenomic analysis using Illumina MiSeq. The soil chemical properties including EC, pH as well the concentration of some soil elements were determined. The microbial composition of both sites were investigated at different taxonomic levels using MG-RAST and QIIME2 pipelines. There was a significant difference in salt concentration between the two sites that were derived from the same sabkha. The second sample had higher sodium content, leading to increased E.C measures. Moreover, The two samples had different microbial compositions. The first sample was dominated by Bacteroidetes (18.37%), Firmicutes (13.57%) and Proteobacteria (13.57%), while the second one contained Proteobacteria (25.01%), Actinobacteria (12.03%) and Firmicutes (11.36%). Firmicutes were newly recorded and found only in saline habitats in KSA. Acidobacteria, Thermodesulfobacteria and Streptophyta were present only in the first sample, while Verrucomicrobia sequences were identified only in the second sample which had higher salt content. On the genus level, 16 genera were found across both samples withBacillusbeing the most prevalent at 5.17% followed byMarinoscillum(4%),Fibrobacter(3.57%) andRubrobacter(3.45%) in the first sample. The second soil sample had a dominant genus,Halomonas, making up 10.64% of the total sequences. Other genera present included Fibrobacter (3.96%),Nitrospira(3.92%),Rubrobacter(3.36%) andMethylophaga(3%). In conclusion, the analysis of bacteria in the two sites revealed notable differences in soil properties and bacterial diversity.
The impact of FFP2 masking on medical wards for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Retrospective analysis for future guidance
Authors: Richardson Tim , Holtick Udo , Scheid Christoph , Schuette Daniel , Feyer Kim , Grass Lea , Simon Florian , Goedel Philipp , Hallek Michael , Braun Till , Fuerstenau Moritz 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Patients undergoing allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) are highly susceptible to infections. The use of masks on wards for allo-HSCT has been controversial in the past decades and was not common before the covid-19 pandemic.
We retrospectively compared incidence and outcomes of viral respiratory infections during allo-HSCT on our specialized ward between 2018 – 2020 to the era of FFP2 masking between 2021 – 2023 covering similar seasons of the year. Each group consisted of 150 matched patients.
The usage of FFP2 masks reduced the incidence of viral respiratory infections from 22,1% to 2,1% (p < 0.005). This reduced the time on ward from a median of 26 days to 23,5 days (p = 0,002). It also resulted in less use of CT-scans (p = 0.003) and bronchoalveolar lavage procedures (p = 0,057). Median time to proof of infection was 21 days after admission in both groups. No difference was detected in progression free survival, hospital survival or non-relapse mortality (p = 0,78).
Our retrospective results indicate that FFP2 masks worn by patients and hospital staff significantly reduce the incidence of viral respiratory infections, including covid-19, shorten the time spent in hospital and reduce costs without affecting survival.
Extracellular vesicles from Nurse-Like Cells and THP1-derived Type-2 macrophages transfer aggressiveness to chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
Authors: Gallet Paul-Francois , Ikhlef Lea , Ratti Nina , Durand Stephanie , Formento Remy , Guillou Clement , Daverat Heloise , Boutaud Marie , Dmytruk Natalya , Gachard Nathalie , Cosette Pascal , Jauberteau Marie-Odile 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The resistance of leukemic B cells to cell death is mainly associated with interactions within the tumor microenvironment, where they interact with various types of cells. Within this microenvironment, CLL B cells produce and bind cytokines, growth factors, and microvesicles. In the present study, extracellular vesicles (EVs) purified from nurse-like cells and M2-polarized THP1 cell (M2-THP1) cultures were added to CLL B cell cultures. The vesicles were rapidly internalized by B cells, leading to a decrease in spontaneous apoptosis and an increase in proliferation. Additionally, the vesicles induced an increase in the resistance of CLL B cells to Bruton kinase inhibitor Ibrutinib. A transcriptomic analysis showed an increase in the expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 but not Mcl-1 and an increase in the expression of proliferation-inducing gene APRIL following treatment of CLL B cells with EVs derived from both NLCs and M2-THP1 cells. Meanwhile, an analysis of apoptotic protein markers revealed increased amounts of IGFBP-2, CD40, p53 and Bcl-2 following EVs treatment. Finally, exploration of EVs protein content by mass spectrometry revealed they carry various proteins involved in known oncogenic pathways and the RNAseq analysis of B CLL cells treated or not with NLCs EVs show various differentially expressed genes.
How Scientist Identity Shapes Engagement with Environmental Activism: Findings from a Multinational Survey
Authors: Finnerty Samuel , Levine Mark , Piazza Jared 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Scientists are increasingly joining environmental movements. As knowledge producers and influential figures in society, scientists are uniquely positioned to drive change. The present study explored how “scientist identity” shapes engagement in environmental activism. Participants were 329 scientists from 41 countries. Scientist identity content, specifically perception of the science-activism relationship, was a more significant predictor than mere strength of identification as a “scientist”. Perceiving a harmonious relationship between science and activism, endorsing environmental stewardship as a scientist’s duty, and believing objectivity and impartiality remained uncompromised by activism, each had significant correlations with engagement. These components formed a composite variable, which remained a strong predictor of engagement even when accounting for the influence of activist identity. Scientists embracing this scientist-activist compatibilism were also less inclined to view new technologies as a panacea for the climate crisis. This research underscores the vital role of scientist identity content in shaping climate actions and perspectives.
Projection of Diabetes Morbidity and Mortality till 2045 in Indonesia: A Dynamic Modeling Based on Risk Factors and National NCD Prevention and Control Programs
Authors: Wahidin Mugi , Achadi Anhari , Besral Besral , Kosen Soewarta , Nadjib Mardiati , Nurwahyuni Atik , Ronoatmodjo Sudarto , Rahajeng Ekowati , Pane Masdalina , Kusuma Dian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the biggest health problems in Indonesia but the research on the disease’s projection is still limited. This study aimed to make a projection model of prevalence and mortality of diabetes in Indonesia based on risk factors and NCD programs.
Method: The study was a quantitative non-experimental study through multiple linear regression models and system dynamics. The baseline projection was created by 2018 data and projections until 2045 involved the dynamization of risk factors and programs, population, and case fatality rate. The model was created from 205 districts data. This study used secondary data from Basic Health Research, BPJS Kesehatan, NCD programs, and Ministry of Health.
Results: The prevalence of diabetes in Indonesia is estimated to increase from 9.19% in 2020 (18.69 million cases) to 16.09% in 2045 (40.7 million cases). The prevalence will be lower to 15.68% (39.6 million) if interventions of programs were carried out, and to 9.22% (23.2 million) if the programs were added with prevention of risk factors. The projected number of deaths due to diabetes increases from 433,752 in 2020 to 944,468 in 2045. Deaths due to stroke among diabetes increases from 52,397 to 114,092 in the same period. Deaths from IHD among diabetes increase from 35,351 to 76,974, and deaths from chronic kidney disease among diabetes increase from 29,061 to 63,279.
Conclusion: Diabetes prevalence and mortality in Indonesia rise significantly in Indonesia and can be reduced by intervention of several programs and risk factors.
Impact of late winter sea surface temperature seesaw between equatorial central Pacific and Philippine Sea on early spring vegetation over the low-latitude highlands of China
Authors: Pan Wei , Zhao Jingchuan , Chen Bing , Wu Jian , Li Hudie , Zhang Ziyu , Song Yanfang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

In this study, the impact of late winter (January-February) sea surface temperature (SST) seesaw between equatorial central Pacific and Philippine Sea on early spring (March-April) vegetation interannual variation over the low-latitude highlands of China (CLLH) is investigated. The positive phase of late winter seesaw SST pattern, characterized by warmer(colder)-than-normal SSTs in the equatorial central Pacific (Philippine Sea), favors early spring CLLH vegetation growth. From the local perspective, the positive phase of late winter SST seesaw results in stronger(higher)-than-normal precipitation (surface air temperature) in the west (east) of the CLLH, these abnormal signals may be recorded by land surface and may persist to early spring, and this wetter(warmer)-than-normal land surface condition in the west (east) of the CLLH favors local vegetation growth. For the atmospheric circulation anomalies, the positive phase of late winter seesaw SST pattern contributes to an anomalous anticyclone over Philippine Sea in lower troposphere. On one hand, anomalous northerly winds on the eastern flank of this anomalous cyclone advect off-equatorial dry and cold air to the Maritime Continent and cause precipitation reduction there, consequently an anomalous anticyclone over the tropical north Indian Ocean in lower troposphere is excited via a Gill-type Rossby wave atmospheric response. This anomalous anticyclone leads to enhanced water vapor transport and increased precipitation in the west of the CLLH resultantly. On the other hand, southerly wind anomalies being the western flank of the anomalous anticyclone advect warm air to the east of the CLLH, result in increased surface air temperature there.
Optimization of the process conditions for methane yield from co-digestion of mixed vegetable residues and pig manure using response surface methodology
Authors: Meng Yan , Li Yi , Han Rui , Du zhongping 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To determine optimized conditions for co-digestion for a mixture of four kinds of mixed vegetable crop residues consisting of cucumber, tomato, eggplant, and pepper mixed in equal parts on a mass basis, co-digestion experiments were carried out with pig manure. The interaction effects of parameters such as manure-to-mixed vegetable residues ratios (M/S), initial pH, and organic load (OL) were investigated with respect to cumulative methane yield using response surface methodology (RSM). The highest cumulative methane yield was calculated to be 380.50 mL/g VS at an initial pH of 7.3, OL of 18.8 g VS/L, and M/S of 3.9:1. Comparison and verification experiments showed that under optimized conditions the co-digestion process showed increased the methane yield and had practical application value. The microbial analysis showed that the relative abundances of bacterial taxa, such as Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Fastidiosipila, and Terrisporobacter, were all highest in the co-digestion samples under optimized process conditions (PV). Different types of methanogenic archaea taxa in PV samples were richer than other samples, which showed higher relative abundances of Methanogenium, Methanobrevibacter, Methanoplanus, Methanospirillum, and Methanobrevibacter. Thus, the co-digestion system of a mixture of vegetable residues and pig manure can enrich different types of methanogenic archaea taxa, which leads to increased digestion performance, and may strengthen process stability. Importantly, pig manure, mixed vegetable residues can be included into anaerobic digestion applications through co-digestion, thus enabling valorization of these substantial residues and can be engineered for applications.
The ratio of corpus luteum and coexistent follicle was notably high before embryo transfer in Hanwoo cows (Bos taurus coreanae)
Authors: Lim Su-Geun , Yi Junkoo , Ha Jaejung , Park Jinyeon , Kwon Woo-Sung , Yu Daejung , Ryoo Zaeyoung , Kim Daehyun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Nanocrystals and nanosuspensions: an exploration from classic formulations to advanced drug delivery systems
Authors: Rossier Benjamin , Jordan Olivier , Allémann Eric , Rodriguez-Nogales Carlos 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nanocrystals and nanosuspensions have become realistic approaches to overcome the formulation challenges of poorly water-soluble drugs. They also represent a less-known but versatile platform for multiple therapeutic applications. They can be integrated into a broad spectrum of drug delivery systems including tablets, hydrogels, microneedles, microparticles, or even functionalized liposomes. The recent progresses, challenges, and opportunities in this field are gathered originally together with an informative case study concerning an itraconazole nanosuspension-in-hydrogel formulation. The translational aspects, historical and current clinical perspectives are also critically reviewed here to shed light on the incoming generation of nanocrystal formulations.
Change characteristics and source apportionment of ozone pollution in Sanya City in 2019
Authors: Huang Ding , wang ping , Lu Fang , Zhao Youzhi , Ding Wenci , Du Jiaxin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article is based on the hourly data of O3 and NO2 in Sanya City in 2019, various collected meteorological data, and online monitoring of VOCS major species data to analyze the characteristics of ozone pollution changes and source apportionment in Sanya City. The results indicate that 1) the daily variation characteristics of ozone pollution in Sanya City conform to the typical characteristics of ozone photochemical pollution events and 2) the EKMA curve indicates that Sanya City as a whole belongs to a NOX-sensitive area. The OH consumption rate (LOH) and ozone generation potential (OFP) indicate that the key active components of VOCS are mainly isoprene, ethylene, n-butane, propane, etc. The corresponding main potential sources of emissions include combustion emissions, solvent volatilization, and automotive exhaust emissions. 3) The O3 emission reduction plan is to reduce the ozone concentration from 180 µg·m− 3 to 158 µg·m− 3, corresponding to a 25% and 20% reduction in the concentrations of the two main precursors, NOX and VOCS, respectively. This article provides scientific support for the problem of ozone photochemical pollution in Sanya City.
Pathological Changes and Immunohistochemical Detection of Encephalitozoon cuniculi of Fox Origin
Authors: Gao Yan , Liu Li-fan , Hu Yi-shu , Wang Hao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Encephalitozoon cuniculi is an obligate intracellular parasitic eukaryotic pathogen.The blue fox (Alopex lagopus) is one of the most susceptible species of microsporidian in rabbit encephalitis. In this study, the kidney, brain, heart, liver, spleen and intestine tissues of diseased and healthy blue foxes were collected, and paraffin sections were prepared by H&E staining. The pathological changes of each tissue were observed under a microscope, photographed and pathological analysis was performed, and the results were found by comparison The fox’s kidney and brain are susceptible tissues of microsporidian rabbit encephalitis. The typical pathological changes are chronic interstitial nephritis and diffuse non-suppurative meningoencephalitis. Heart and liver tissues occasionally have inflammatory lesions, while the spleen and There is no obvious lesion in the intestinal tissue. The kidney and brain tissues, which are susceptible to the disease, were selected for immunohistochemical tests. The fox serum was purified by affinity chromatography to prepare fox IgG, fox IgG was used as the primary antibody, rabbit anti-fox IgG was used as the secondary antibody, DAB was used as the developer, and hematoxylin staining was used to establish an immunohistochemical detection method to locate rabbit encephalitis microbes. Sporozoite antigen. The spores of Microsporidium encephalitis were observed in the kidney and brain tissues of sick foxes by immunohistochemistry. The spores of rabbit encephalitis were brown and granular. In the kidney tissue, the spores were mostly located in the renal capsule and tubule, while in the brain tissue only A few spores were found. Through the preparation of paraffin sections, the histopathological changes of the blue fox infected with Microsporidium encephalitis in rabbits were analyzed specifically to provide guidance for the diagnosis of the disease. The immunohistochemical method established in this study shows that it is more specific than histopathological diagnosis, can accurately locate the location of microsporidium, and is suitable for the detection of fox-derived rabbit encephalitis microsporidia.
Evaluating Bovine Umbilical Cord Stem Cells and Glutamine for Hepatic Injury in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Guan Weijun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a localized-to-systemic inflammatory disorder that triggers the release of various proinflammatory mediators. Unfortunately, effective treatments for this condition are currently lacking, and a substantial portion of AP patients succumb to liver failure due to the intricate physiological and pathological interplay between the liver and pancreas.Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) exhibit notable attributes, including multipotent differentiation capacity, colony-forming potential, and robust migratory responses to injury. Glutamine, an essential amino acid in cell culture and a source of immune cells, is used in early nutritional interventions to help with pancreatitis.In this study, our objective was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a combinatorial approach involving UCMSCs and glutamine in the management of hepatic injury associated with pancreatitis.
To accomplish this objective, we established an acute pancreatitis murine model and administered UCMSCs via tail vein njections while concurrently providing oral glutamine supplementation. The homing of these cells was observed in rats through fluorescence microscopy. A comprehensive array of techniques was employed to assess treatment outcomes.Histopathological examination, as revealed by HE staining, demonstrated a significantly reduced extent of pancreatic tissue damage in both the UCMSC-treated and combined therapy groups compared to the AP control group. Serum amylase and lipase activities were markedly diminished in the UCMSC and combined therapy groups in comparison to the untreated AP group (P<0.05).
Furthermore, the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were significantly attenuated, while those of the anti-inflammatory IL-10 and SOD were notably elevated in the UCMSC-treated and combined therapy groups (P<0.05).The assessment of apoptosis, a pivotal aspect of tissue damage in pancreatitis, demonstrated a significantly higher apoptotic index in the untreated AP group (P<0.05), whereas it was significantly lower in the UCMSC-treated and combined therapy groups (P<0.05).
Our findings indicate that the combined therapeutic approach involving UCMSCs and glutamine substantially mitigates hepatocyte apoptosis induced by acute pancreatitis (AP). However, there was no statistically significant difference in efficacy between combination therapy and direct mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy in ameliorating liver injury in the context of pancreatitis(P>0.05). While combination glutamine therapy presents a promising and novel therapeutic avenue, its efficacy not diverges from that of direct cell-based regimens.
Gefitinib effectively treated advanced lung cancer with a rare EGFR L747P mutation in a kidney transplant recipient: the first case report
Authors: Xie Wenxiu , Chen Feng , Zhang Lei , Lin Baoquan , Ye Jia , Yu Zongyang , Liu Wei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Allograft kidney transplantation is considered to be the best treatment for end-stage renal disease, which can both improve the quality of life and prolong the life of patients. The inevitable use of immunosuppressants after kidney transplantation is highly associated with De Novo malignancies, which are currently the second cause of death among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Previous studies have shown that lung cancer accounts for 3–7% of new malignancies after kidney transplantation. It is well known that the first-line treatment for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the general population is tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and this principle also applies to KTRs. But L747P is a rare EGFR mutation in EGFR Exon 19 and the response of patients with EGFR L747P to TKIs remains controversial. Here we report a kidney transplant recipient with advanced lung adenocarcinoma harboring EGFR L747P mutation who benefited from the first-line treatment of gefitinib.
Toward digital ionization: Wide-energy programmable microwave plasma for high coverage mass spectrometry analysis of trace biosamples
Authors: Wang Xiaozhi , Chu Fengjian , Zhao Gaosheng , Wei Wei , Feng Hongru , Pan Yuan-Jiang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Although numerous ambient mass spectroscopy (AMS) technologies have been developed over the past 20 years to address diverse analytical circumstances, a single ion source technique that can handle all analyte types is still lacking. In this study, a novel wide-energy programmable microwave plasma ionization mass spectrometry system (WPMPI-MS) is presented, through which MS analysis can achieve high coverage of substances with various characteristics by digitally regulating the microwave energy. In addition, ionizing energy can be rapidly scanned using programmable waveforms, enabling the simultaneous detection of biomolecules, heavy metals, molecular structure, etc., in seconds. WPMPI-MS performed well in the analysis of real samples, rapidly analyzed 9 toxicological standards in one drop of serum, and demonstrated good quantification and LC coupling capability. The prospective uses of the technology in biological and chemical analysis are extensive, and it is anticipated to emerge as a viable alternative to commercially available ion sources.