bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating Ultrafast Electron Transfer in Graphene and Its Derivatives Composites by Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Li Dong , He Xiaoxiao , Zhang Xiaolei , Chen Jinquan , Jin Qingyuan , Xu Jianhua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs excellent functional materials, the composite materials based on graphene and its derivatives (GNDs) have lots of important application values in the emerging fields such as solar energy conversion, and the exploration of electron (or energy) transfer properties of those composites is the key for revealing their further applications. In this review, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) has been introduced as an essential technique to understand the carrier behaviors in GNDs composites, as well as the advancements of TAS. The specific examples of electron transport in various composite materials characterized by TAS are summarized and discussed, which consist of GNDs with semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), organic dyes, organic polymers, perovskites and other materials, respectively. This review provides a deep insight into the electron transfer (ET) kinetics of various GNDs composites from the perspective of TAS.
Water‐soluble Polypyrrole‐Polybis(4‐oxy benzene sulfonic acid)phosphazene Composites and Investigation of Their Performance as Cathode Binder in Li‐ion Batteries
Authors: Duyar Halil , Büşra Çelebi Elif , Güney Emre , Hacıvelioğlu Ferda 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCurrent electric storage systems eagerly focus on high‐power and energy‐dense Lithium‐ion batteries to cope with increasing energy storage demands. Since cathode materials are one of the bottlenecks of these batteries, there is much interest in layered lithium‐rich manganese oxide‐based (LLMO) cathodes which can develop this technology. However, Initial Coulombic Efficiency (ICE) loss, poor rate performance and cycling instability issues are still persistent as problems to be solved for these materials. Recent research shows that water‐soluble binders are effective in improving the performance of LLMO materials. Herein, we describe the synthesis, characterisation, and application of a series of water‐soluble composites as a binder for LLMO cathodes. The PPy is introduced as part of the binder to improve the electronic conductivity and two different oxidants and various PPy to PSAP ratios were used to optimise the final properties. The electrochemical performance and morphology of the cathodes before and after cycling were investigated and compared with the conventional PVDF binder. The LLMO−2c electrode showed excellent charge‐discharge performance, especially at 5 C and 10 C rates, and high cycling stability at 0.2 C whilst maintaining a final capacity of 184 mAh/g after 200 cycles, which is equal to 89.3 % capacity retention.
Molecular features of luminal breast cancer defined through spatial and single‐cell transcriptomics
Authors: Yoshitake Ryohei , Mori Hitomi , Ha Desiree , Wu Xiwei , Wang Jinhui , Wang Xiaoqiang , Saeki Kohei , Chang Gregory , Shim Hyun Jeong , Chan Yin , Chen Shiuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntratumour heterogeneity is a hallmark of most solid tumours, including breast cancers. We applied spatial transcriptomics and single‐cell RNA‐sequencing on patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs) to profile spatially resolved cell populations within oestrogen receptor‐positive (ER+) breast cancer and to elucidate their importance in oestrogen‐dependent tumour growth.MethodsTwo PDXs of ‘ER‐high’ breast cancers with opposite oestrogen‐mediated growth responses were investigated: oestrogen‐suppressed GS3 (80–100% ER) and oestrogen‐dependent SC31 (40–90% ER) models. The observation was validated via single‐cell analyses on an ‘ER‐low’ PDX, GS1 (5% ER). The results from our spatial and single‐cell analyses were further supported by a public ER+ breast cancer single‐cell dataset and protein‐based dual immunohistochemistry (IHC) of SC31 examining important luminal cancer markers (i.e., ER, progesterone receptor and Ki67). The translational implication of our findings was assessed by clinical outcome analyses on publicly available cohorts.ResultsOur space‐gene‐function study revealed four spatially distinct compartments within ER+ breast cancers. These compartments showed functional diversity (oestrogen‐responsive, proliferative, hypoxia‐induced and inflammation‐related). The ‘proliferative’ population, rather than the ‘oestrogen‐responsive’ compartment, was crucial for oestrogen‐dependent tumour growth, leading to the acquisition of luminal B‐like features. The cells expressing typical oestrogen‐responsive genes like PGR were not directly linked to oestrogen‐dependent proliferation. Dual IHC analyses demonstrated the distinct contribution of the Ki67+ proliferative cells toward oestrogen‐mediated growth and their response to a CDK4/6 inhibitor. The gene signatures derived from the proliferative, hypoxia‐induced and inflammation‐related compartments were significantly correlated with worse clinical outcomes, while patients with the oestrogen‐responsive signature showed better prognoses, suggesting that this compartment would not be directly associated with oestrogen‐dependent tumour progression.ConclusionsOur study identified the gene signature in our ‘proliferative’ compartment as an important determinant of luminal cancer subtypes. This ‘proliferative’ cell population is a causative feature of luminal B breast cancer, contributing toward its aggressive behaviours.
Associations between oxidative stress biomarkers during pregnancy and infant cognition at 7.5 months
Authors: Eick Stephanie M. , Ortlund Kaegan , Aguiar Andréa , Merced‐Nieves Francheska M. , Woodbury Megan L. , Milne Ginger L. , Schantz Susan L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOxidative stress has been identified as an important biological pathway leading to neurodevelopmental delay. However, studies assessing the effects of oxidative stress on cognitive outcomes during infancy, a critical period of neurodevelopment, are limited. Our analysis included a subset of those enrolled in the Illinois Kids Development Study (N = 144). Four oxidative stress biomarkers (8‐isoprostane‐PGF2α, 2,3‐dinor‐5,6‐dihydro‐8‐iso‐PGF2α, 2,3‐dinor‐8‐iso‐PGF2α, and prostaglandin‐F2α) were measured in second and third trimesters urine and were averaged. Infant cognition was measured using a visual recognition memory task consisting of five blocks, each with one familiarization trial (two identical stimuli) and two test trials (one familiar and one novel stimulus). Outcomes measured included average run duration (a measure of information processing speed), novelty preference (a measure of recognition memory), time to reach familiarization, and shift rate (measures of attention). Linear regression was used to estimate associations between individual oxidative stress biomarkers and each outcome. Increasing 8‐isoprostane‐PGF2α, 2,3‐dinor‐8‐iso‐PGF2α, and prostaglandin‐F2α were associated with a decrease in novelty preference (β = −0.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.03, 0.00; β = −0.02, 95% CI = −0.04, 0.00; β = −0.01, 95% CI = −0.02, 0.00, respectively), as well as a modest increase in shift rate. These findings suggest that oxidative stress may be associated with poorer recognition memory in early infancy.
Toddlers’ physiological response to parent's mobile device distraction and technoference
Authors: Porter Chris L. , Coyne Sarah M. , Chojnacki Noah A. , McDaniel Brandon T. , Reschke Peter J. , Stockdale Laura A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGiven the prevalence of mobile device use, especially among parents of young children, the current study examines the impact of mobile device distraction (technoference) on toddlers’ physiological and emotional functioning. We suspected that toddlers’ would demonstrate difficultly maintaining physiological and emotional homeostasis when parents became distracted by a mobile device. In this study, we examined toddlers’ (N = 129, M age = 29.05 months) physiological and behavioral responses across three conditions in an induced technoference task that mimicked elements of a traditional still face paradigm (i.e., social engagement, phone distraction, and social recovery). Similar to previous studies employing still face with younger infants, a majority of toddlers demonstrated a loss of positive affective tone mirrored by heart rate increase and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) decrease (vagal withdrawal) during the phone distraction condition relative to the initial and final social engagement conditions. However, some toddlers demonstrated vagal activation (RSA increase) to parents’ phone distraction. Greater RSA withdrawal was linked to decreased positive affect and increased negative affect for children during parents’ phone distraction. Parents who reported higher levels of technoference were more likely to have children who demonstrated lower vagal reactivity (greater vagal withdrawal) to parents’ phone distraction while parents attitudes about technoference (e.g., “it is okay to use a mobile device in front of my child”) was found to be linked to higher RSA reactivity (greater vagal activation). Findings are discussed in relation to Porges’ polyvagal theory and the possible role that interactive dynamics play in children's emerging regulatory systems.
Oregano, thyme, and lemongrass essential oils as antimicrobial agents in gelatin for photographic films
Authors: Hirsch Ulrike M. , Jablonska Magdalena , Neelam Neeraja , Teuscher Nico , Schmelzer Christian E. H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of selected essential oils as more environmentally friendly, sustainable antimicrobial agents in photographic films for long‐term data storage. For this purpose, essential oils of oregano, thyme, and lemongrass were added in concentrations ranging from 0.4% to 4% to the gelatin comprising a protective layer for photographic microfilms. The emulsions were analyzed via UV‐Vis for their optical transparency, then tested for their antimicrobial efficacy against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Thin coatings generated by spreading and drying the emulsions onto photographic film substrates were then characterized morphologically via SEM before and after standardized artificial aging procedures. It was found that oregano oil at a concentration of 0.4% maintained the optical and physical properties of the emulsion and proved highly effective against all tested bacteria. Thyme and lemongrass oil also exhibited some antimicrobial activity, however, were not able to inhibit the bacterial growth completely. At higher concentrations of the oils, the gelatin coatings cracked after artificial aging, which makes them unsuitable for the application. To conclude, selected essential oils like oregano oil can be used as an effective antimicrobial agent without compromising the quality of the photographic films.Practical Applications: The results of our research can be applied directly to the manufacturing of photographic films, specifically ones intended for long‐term data storage. Furthermore, many applications of gelatin or related materials which require antimicrobial activity, such as food packaging, could be enhanced by the addition of essential oils.
A Green Approach to Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitutions of Nicotinic Esters in Cyrene
Authors: Citarella Andrea , Cavinato Miriam , Amenta Arianna , Nardini Marco , Silvani Alessandra , Passarella Daniele , Fasano Valerio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe green solvent CyreneTM has emerged as a valuable substitute for conventional polar aprotic organic solvents such as DMF, DMSO and NMP (renowned for their toxicity and environmental concerns). However, in the presence of bases, Cyrene is prone to polymerization, thus potentially incompatible with reactions where a base is needed to generate reactive nucleophiles. In this study, we developed an efficient synthetic strategy for nucleophilic aromatic substitutions of nicotinic esters in Cyrene. The success of this protocol relies on a very short reaction time (only 15 minutes) which prevents polymerization from occurring. Indeed, Cyrene not only outperformed typical solvents such as DMF and DMSO, but also, being highly soluble in water, allowed an easy purification of the desired products by simple precipitation upon the addition of ice‐water.
Modal characterization of a three‐story buckling‐restrained braced frame steel building by non‐destructive field testing
Authors: Morano Michael , Lin Louis , Hutchinson Tara , Liu Junwei , Williamson Emily , Pantelides Chris P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA full‐scale, reconfigurable, three‐story steel building was constructed and its modal properties identified prior to shake table testing on the UC San Diego Large High Performance Outdoor Shake Table (LHPOST6). The aim of this pre‐shake table test erection was to demonstrate the rapid constructability of the building and identify construction fit issues prior to its assembly on LHPOST6. This posed a unique opportunity to characterize the building's modal properties using a variety of non‐destructive, low‐amplitude techniques. To this end, two novel, non‐destructive methods were used, namely: (1) impact tests conducted by swinging a tire from a crane to impact strategically selected locations, and (2) dynamic base vibration tests, induced by driving heavy machinery in the vicinity of the base of the structure. A system of accelerometers located throughout the structure captured waves propagating from each test to characterize the as‐built dynamic properties of the building. Results from various system identification methods are presented and compared to theoretical and numerical analysis. Comparisons indicate that the theoretical, numerical, and experimentally determined periods are nominally within 15% of each other. The erection of the structure was complete over the course of 3 days and construction fit‐up issues were addressed. The structure was then rapidly deconstructed and stored prior to erection for full‐scale shake table testing. This pre‐shake table test exercise demonstrated the viability of two, simple, low‐amplitude excitation approaches for use in the dynamic characterization of full‐scale buildings, with results consistent with theoretical and numerical models.
Prediction of runner eccentricity and Alford force of a Kaplan turbine based on variational mode decomposition
Authors: Hu Zilong , Liu Qiang , Wang Xiaohang , Fang Mingkun , Chen Taiping , Tao Ran , Ding Junfeng , Zhu Di , Xiao Ruofu , Wang Huanmao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe rotor blades of an axial‐flow turbine are cantilever structures, and there is inevitably a gap between them and the casing. Due to factors such as rotor wear and unit vibration, the eccentricity of the impeller will change during the operation of the turbine, resulting in the impeller being affected by additional radial forces, which can even lead to rubbing or biting between the impeller and the casing. To monitor the eccentricity of the impeller and the additional radial forces in real time during the operation of the turbine, this study conducted numerical simulations of the internal flow of the turbine under different eccentricities of the impeller, and analyzed the characteristics of pressure pulsation and impeller radial force in the turbine using the variational mode decomposition method. The results showed that there was a good linear relationship between the eccentricity of the impeller and the amplitude of the frequency corresponding to the rotor in pressure pulsation at the monitoring point and the Alford force acting on the impeller. Based on this finding, we established mathematical formulas for the relationship between the pressure pulsation at the monitoring point and the eccentricity of the impeller, as well as the eccentricity of the impeller and the Alford force acting on it. According to these formulas, we only need to monitor the pressure pulsation during the operation of the turbine to realize the real‐time monitoring of the eccentricity of the impeller and the Alford force, which is of great significance for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the turbine.
Blockchain‐based Human Intelligent Systems for Smart City Safety
Authors: Ma Yicong , Goyal S. B. , Rajawat Anand Singh , Bedi Pradeep , Yasmeen Safia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the era of digitalization and smart city development, ensuring safety remains of utmost importance. As urban centers become more interconnected, the vulnerabilities present in their communication systems become increasingly apparent. In this particular context, Blockchain technology, with its decentralized nature, emerges as a promising foundation to enhance the safety of smart cities. In this research aims to explore the potential of Blockchain‐based human intelligent systems (HIS) for urban safety, utilizing cryptographic systems such as NTRU and the McEliece Cryptosystem. The NTRU cryptosystem, renowned for its resilience against quantum attacks owing to its lattice‐based structure, offers a distinctive proposition for security in a post‐quantum world. Its efficiency and smaller key sizes compared to other post‐quantum alternatives make it a viable option for real‐time safety applications in smart cities. Conversely, the McEliece Cryptosystem, founded on coding theory, stands as one of the earliest public‐key systems proposed. It provides substantial resistance against quantum‐based threats, albeit with the drawback of larger key sizes. By integrating these cryptosystems into the transparent and immutable structure of Blockchain, a solid foundation for robust HIS that prioritize safety can be established. Our proposed analysis delves into the strengths and potential challenges associated with integrating NTRU and McEliece into Blockchain frameworks, with a specific focus on their impact on real‐time safety applications in smart city ecosystems. Our proposed model based on Blockchain and HIS will significantly enhance the resilience and reliability of communication infrastructures in smart cities, thus paving the way for safer urban futures.
Systematic significance of achene morphology and anatomy among certain species of Anthemideae (Asteraceae)
Authors: Zareh Momen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAchene diversity of 12 genera with 22 species of the tribe Anthemideae was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. These genera are Achillea L., Anacyclus L., Anthemis L., Brocchia Vis., Chlamydophora Ehrenb. ex Less., Cladanthus Cass., Cota G. Jay, Cotula L. Glebionis Cass., Matricaria L., Tanacetum L., and Tripleurospermum Sch.Bip. A description of the achene of each species, a key to the investigated taxa based on morphological and anatomical features, as well as drawings of cross sections, are provided, and SEM micrographs of achenes are provided. Macro‐ and micro‐morphological criteria concerned with achenes were investigated, and the taxonomic relationships between the studied taxa were discussed.
An Ilex latifolia‐containing compound tea regulates glucose–lipid metabolism and modulates gut microbiota in high‐fat diet‐fed mice
Authors: Xu Qiurong , Cheng Xianyu , Wen Chi , Wu Xiaoran , Ye Mengke , Li Mengyao , Liu Sha , Wen Lixin , Liu Zhonghua , Wang Ji 
Published: January 2024

AbstractKuding Tea (Ilex latifolia) is a bitter‐tasting herbal tea that was used for the treatment of symptoms related with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. However, Kuding Tea is also difficultly accepted by people in daily life because of its poor palatability. In this study, Kuding Tea, green tea (GT) (Camellia sinensis L.), and Luohan (Siraitia grosvenorii) fruits were formulated into a compound Kuding Tea (CKT) to improve the taste and health benefits of this beverage. High‐fat diet‐fed male C57BL/6J mice were used as animal models to explore the effects of CKT (6 or 12 mg/mL, water ad libitum) on body weight, food intake, liver function, blood glucose and lipids, and gene expression. L02 and 3T3‐L1 cells were used to further demonstrate the effects of CKT on fat accumulation and hepatic lipid deposition. Our results suggest that CKT can regulate glucose and lipid metabolism by decreasing body weight, reducing white adipose deposition, improving glucose tolerance, increasing the expression of brown adipose genes, and reducing fat accumulation in the liver, and CKT inhibited fat accumulation better than GT. In addition, a low dose (6 mg/mL) of CKT reduced the abundance of Desulfovibrio bacteria, positively associated with obesity, and increased that of norank_f__Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and Alloprevotella, which are beneficial to glucose and lipid metabolism. This study suggests that CKT not only has a better palatability but also has potential preventive effects on high‐fat diet‐induced glucose–lipid metabolic diseases.
Interval estimate of causal effect in summary data based Mendelian randomization in the presence of winner's curse
Authors: Wang Kai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis research focuses on the interval estimation of the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome using the summary data‐based Mendelian randomization (SMR) method while accounting for the winner's curse caused by the selection of single nucleotide polymorphism instruments. This issue is understudied and is important as the point estimate is biased. Since Fieller's theorem and its variations are not suitable for constructing a confidence interval, we use the box method. This box method is known to be conservative and thus provides a lower bound on the coverage level. To assess the performance of the box method, we use simulation studies and compare it with the support interval we proposed earlier and the Wald interval derived from the SMR method. All three methods are applied to a study of causal genes for Alzheimer's disease. Overall, the box method presents an alternative for constructing interval estimates for a causal effect while addressing the winner's curse issue.