bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free condoms in youth clubs in Copenhagen
Authors: Segest Erling , Mygind Ole , Jørgensen Willy , Bechgaard Maj , Fallov Joel 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAs a step to limit the spread of AIDS, condoms were supplied free of charge in Copenhagen in youth clubs in connection with personal advice. A representative group of young people (N = 745) and of social workers in these clubs (N = 130) were asked to complete a structured questionnaire. The investigation revealed that the young were well informed about AIDS and its prevention, but despite this, they comprise a relative risk group with regard to the spread of AIDS due to high numbers of partners and poor habits with regard to the use of condoms. The campaign was well received by both the young and the youth club social workers. There was an obvious need for a continuation of such a campaign. It is concluded that youth clubs are a good forum for AIDS information.
Family relationship patterns: perceptions of teenage mothers and their non‐mother peers
Authors: Oz Sheri , Fine Marshall 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPerceptions of self and family members were determined at two time periods for a sample of 30 teenage mothers and 30 non‐mothers using the Family Relations Inventory and a family map exercise. Both at present and from childhood reminiscences, teen mothers perceived their mothers and sisters more positively than did non‐mothers; fathers and brothers of the adolescent mothers were viewed more negatively than were those of the non‐mothers. Results are discussed in light of prior explanations of adolescent motherhood with respect to family dynamics. An approach to intervention is suggested.
Moratorium‐achievement (Mama) cycles in lifespan identity development: value orientations and reasoning system correlates
Authors: Stephen Joanne , Fraser Eugene , Marcia James E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThree important questions emerging in identity research are: Why do only some persons with Foreclosed identities move on to Identity Achievement? Why do some Identity Achievement persons move “back” to Foreclosure? How can life‐span identity re‐formulation be accounted for? This study proposes that individual's positions on two variables, “instrumental vs. experiential orientation” and formistic vs. dialectrical thinking, may be important in answering these questions. Among 60 university students, 23 males and 37 females, those in an identity status characterized by formation and maintenance of structure (Foreclosure) were instrumentally‐oriented while those characterized by openness to change and revision (Moratorium) were experientially‐oriented. Similarly, more Moratoriums than other statuses were high in dialectic thinking. These results are discussed in terms of their theoretical implications for life‐span identity development.
Sexuality and AIDS: attitudes and behaviors of adolescents in East and West Berlin
Authors: Oswald Hans , Pforr Petra 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe study which was conducted in 1990 in Berlin, Germany, compares two samples of 542 adolescents from West Berlin and 340 from East Berlin. The present investigation shows that the general trend toward sexual liberality among adolescents is continuing and that necessary processes of adolescent sexual development appear not to be influenced by the threat of AIDS. Though the level of knowledge about the threat of AIDS is, on the whole, satisfactory, this does not in itself guarantee determined and consistent AIDS‐preventive behavior. Fewer than one‐third of sexually‐active adolescents, and even fewer than one‐fourth of those in the most sexually‐active group, can be described as consistent users of condoms. The attitudes of adolescents in regard to contraceptive characteristics only partly suggest a preference for condoms. When adolescents are asked directly about condoms, they additionally emphasize their effect of reducing feeling and pleasure. Adolescents with experience of sexual intercourse rate condoms more negatively than do those without such experience. However, AIDS‐education efforts can make use of the fact that consistent condom‐users expressed clearly more positive attitudes to condoms than did others. Although the comparison between East and West Berlin adolescents yielded differences in certain details, these differences are not of significance to AIDS‐education programs which seek to increase AIDS‐preventive behavior.
Self‐control and ego identity development as predictors of unprotected sex in late adolescent males
Authors: Hernandez Jeanne T. , Diclemente Ralph J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractMale college students completed an anonymous self‐report questionnaire assessing HIV‐related knowledge, attitudes, moral development, personality factors and behaviors. Bivariate analyses were used to identify factors associated with high‐risk sexual intercourse. Significant demographic psychosocial and behavioral predictors were entered into a logistic regression analysis to evaluate the independent influence of each predictor on unprotected sexual intercourse. Behavioral factors were the most powerful predictors of unprotected sexual intercourse. Adolescents reporting multiple sex partners, drinking and picking‐up sex partners were significantly more likely to engage in sex without condoms. Examining psychosocial factors alone, it was found that adolescents who had low scores for ego‐development (goal‐directedness) and self‐control were significantly more likely to engage in sex without condoms. Identification of two personality constructs as underlying predictors of high‐risk behavior, while potentially important for the development of effective HIV prevention programs, needs corroboration to further define the interrelationships between these factors and other psychosocial constructs.
Biodegradable Ferric Phosphate Nanocarriers with Tumor‐Specific Activation and Glutathione Depletion for Tumor Self‐Enhanced Ferroptosis and Chemotherapy
Authors: Li Yan , Fan Wuzhe , Gu Xiang , Liu Shaopeng , He Tingting , Gou Shuangquan , Meng Weilin , Li Meng , Liu Xihong , Ren Yu , Qi Chao , Cai Kaiyong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFerroptosis is a regulatory cell death that is dependent on iron‐mediated lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage. The use of iron‐based nanocarriers to activate ferroptosis is of great significance in oncotherapy. However, the limited endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and high expression of glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells restrict the efficiency of iron‐based nanocarriers in inducing ferroptosis. Herein, a ferric phosphate nanotherapeutic system (denoted as FeP@HCPT‐HA) is reported with H2O2‐supply and GSH‐elimination properties for tumor self‐enhanced ferroptosis and chemotherapy. FeP@HCPT‐HA is obtained by a coprecipitation method with the in situ loading of 10‐hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT), followed by the modification of hyaluronic acid (HA). FeP@HCPT‐HA actively targets CD44‐overexpressed tumor cells and degrades in acidic tumor microenvironment to release HCPT, Fe2+ and Fe3+. As a chemotherapy drug, HCPT not only induces tumor cell apoptosis but also supplies H2O2 for Fe2+‐mediated Fenton reaction to enhance ferroptosis. The released Fe3+ depletes GSH by the redox reaction between Fe3+ and GSH, which down‐regulates the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and enhances lipid peroxidation, resulting in enhanced ferroptosis. The integration of tumor targeting and tumor‐specific activation, as well as H2O2‐supply and GSH‐elimination, endow the FeP@HCPT‐HA with effective tumor growth inhibition by the enhanced ferroptosis and chemotherapy.
Cu–Fe Synergistic Active Sites Boost Kinetics of Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction
Authors: Hua Yilong , Song Nan , Wu Ziyang , Lan Yue , Luo Hongxia , Song Qianqian , Yang Jianping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractElectrochemical conversion of nitrate offers an efficient solution to nitrate pollution and a sustainable strategy for ammonia generation. Cu and Fe bimetallic electrocatalysts exhibit excellent electrochemical reduction of nitrate (NO3RR) reactivity but the conventional preparation strategy is complex and time‐consuming and this reaction is still suffers from unsatisfied kinetic and unidentified mechanisms. Herein, in situ electrodeposition strategy is employed to induce Cu to modify the Fe active sites of iron‐based N‐doping carbon nanofiber electrode (Fe/Fe3C@NCNFs) during NO3RR in Cu‐contained nitrate solution. Benefiting from the synergistic effect between Cu and Fe sites of Cu─Fe/Fe3C@NCNFs electrode, superior activity of rate‐determining reaction (*NO3 to *NO2) and reduced energy barriers of the following deoxidation and hydrogenation steps are achieved. Compared with Fe/Fe3C@NCNFs‐500, the pseudo‐first‐order (PFO) rate constant for NO3RR by Cu─Fe/Fe3C@NCNFs demonstrates nearly two‐fold improvement with high current efficiencies over wide pH and voltage range. Furthermore, the maximum NO3─N removal capacity and N2 selectivity of Cu─Fe/Fe3C@NCNFs reach 15593.8 mg N g−1 Fe and ca. 92% after twenty cycles. This work offers an avenue for highly active bimetallic electrode design, paving more insights into the interactions between active site construction and NO3RR performance.
Orderly Arranged Dipoles Regulate Anion‐Derived Solid–Electrolyte Interphase for Stable Lithium Metal Chemistry
Authors: Xu Baolei , Ma Li , Wang Wenran , Zhu Hai , Zhang Youquan , Liang Chaoping , Zhou Liangjun , Wang Li , Zhang Yan , Chen Libao , Zhang Chunxiao , Wei Weifeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLithium (Li) metal batteries are considered the most promising high‐energy‐density electrochemical energy storage devices of the next generation. However, the unstable solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) derived from electrolytes usually leads to high impedance, Li dendrites growth, and poor cyclability. Herein, the ferroelectric BaTiO3 with orderly arranged dipoles (BTOV) is integrated into the polypropylene separator as a functional layer. Detailed characterizations and theoretical calculations indicate that surface oxygen vacancies drive the phase transition of BaTiO3 materials and promote the ordered arrangement of dipoles. The strong dipole moments in BTOV can adsorb TFSI− and NO3− anions selectively and promote their preferential reduction to form a SEI film enriched with inorganic LiF and LiNxOy species, thus facilitating the rapid transfer of Li+ and restraining the growth of Li dendrites. As a result, the Li–Li cell with the BTOV functional layer exhibits enhanced Li plating/stripping cycling with an ultra‐long life of over 7000 h at 0.5 mA cm−2/1.0 mAh cm−2. The LiFePO4 || Li (50 µm) full cells display excellent cycling performance exceeding 1760 cycles and superior rate performance. This work provides a new perspective for regulating SEI chemistry by introducing ordered dipoles to control the distribution and reaction of anions.
Recent Advances in Optical Properties and Light‐Emitting Diode Applications for 2D Tin Halide Perovskites
Authors: Xing Yifeng , He Haiyang , Cui Zhongjie , Fu Zizhao , Qin Shuaitao , Zhang Wanlu , Mei Shiliang , Guo Ruiqian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLead halide perovskites are widely used and intensively studied in optoelectronic devices due to their superior properties. However, the toxicity of Pb hinders the industrialization of perovskite optoelectronic devices. Sn has a similar electronic structure to Pb, thus has been widely studied as an alternative to Pb‐based perovskite optoelectronics in recent years. In this review, the research progress in luminescent properties and synthesis methods of 2D tin halide perovskites are summarized. It is also highlight a unique dual emission phenomenon in 2D tin halide perovskites and summarize several types of possible luminous mechanisms. At last, the recent development of 2D tin halide perovskites based light‐emitting diodes are also overviewed, and the challenges of oxidative inhibition and efficiency improvement in 2D tin halide perovskites are discussed. This review is expected to provide a comprehensive perspective on luminescent properties and light‐emitting diode applications of 2D tin halide perovskites.
Epitaxy‐Driven Ferroelectric/Non‐Ferroelectric Polymorph Selection in an All‐Fluorite System
Authors: Barriuso Eduardo , Jiménez Ricardo , Langenberg Eric , Koutsogiannis Panagiotis , Larrea Ángel , Varela Manuel , Magén César , Algarabel Pedro A. , Algueró Miguel , Pardo José A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFilms of ferroelectric hafnia have hitherto been deposited on electrodes with a non‐fluorite crystal structure. As a result, they are polycrystalline, contain fractions of non‐ferroelectric polymorphs or have poor crystal quality. Here, a strategy that circumvents all these limitations is shown. Seven nanometers‐thick epitaxial Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) films are deposited directly on yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) single‐crystals. The fluorite structure of the whole system enables coherent epitaxy, while the substrate orientation induces polymorph‐selective growth, being the HZO films orthorhombic on YSZ(111) and monoclinic on YSZ(001). Besides, the YSZ substrate can play the role of a buried floating electrode under the appropriate measuring conditions (temperature and frequency) thanks to its thermally‐activated oxygen conductivity. Indeed, out‐of‐plane ferroelectric switching is confirmed in the orthorhombic HZO samples at 185 °C and 0.01 Hz frequency. This original approach avoids the need to deposit conducting bottom layers, allowing high‐quality orthorhombic hafnia to be obtained directly on the substrate and its ferroelectric nature to be studied. Moreover, it constitutes a case of ion‐driven ferroelectric switching, and thus gives support to the recently proposed relationship between ionic conductivity, and ferroelectricity in fluorite systems.
Phase‐Field Study of Nanocavity‐Assisted Mechanical Switching in PbTiO3 Thin Films
Authors: Alhada–Lahbabi Kévin , Deleruyelle Damien , Gautier Brice 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFerroelectric thin films hold significant promise in various nanoelectronic applications, demanding precise control over their domain structures. While electrical field‐driven polarization switching is currently employed, it often leads to undesirable side effects. In contrast, mechanical switching offers a voltage‐free alternative but faces challenges in thicker films. Recent breakthroughs have demonstrated stable mechanical switching in films up to 200 nm thick, attributed to the presence of nanocavities. These nanoscale voids are believed to facilitate domain transitions, serving as essential pinning centers. In this study, mechanical domain switching in thick ferroelectric films is investigated using phase‐field modeling, with a specific focus on evaluating the influence of nanocavities on domain stability. The effects of cavity parameters (size, depth, and dielectric properties) on mechanical switching stability under various applied pressures are systematically examined. The findings reveal the intricate interplay between these factors and outline the conditions for stable mechanical switching. Furthermore, phase‐field simulations are employed to showcase the energetic mechanisms governing nanocavity‐assisted mechanical switching, while also highlighting the pivotal role of these defects as pinning centers. This investigation elucidates the nanocavity‐assisted mechanical control of polarization and the potential for optimizing thin film design through nanocavity engineering, thus enabling mechanical switching across substantial film thicknesses.
Clinical and neuropsychological characterization of SuperAgers residing in Delhi and National Capital Region of India—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Batra Ritika , Kumar Deepa Anil , Rao Abhijith , Kaloiya Gauri Shanker , Khan Maroof Ahmad , Satapathy Sujata , Chakrawarty Avinash , Soni Nidhi , Kumar Pramod , Chatterjee Prasun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionSuperAgers (SA) are older adults who exhibit cognitive capacities comparable to individuals who are three or more decades younger than them. The current study aimed to identify the characteristics of Indian SA by categorizing 55 older adults into SA and Typical Older Adults (TOA) and comparing their performance with a group of 50 younger participants (YP) (aged 25–50).MethodsA total of 105 participants were recruited after obtaining informed written consent. The cognitive abilities of the participants were assessed using Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)‐IVINDIA, Color Trails Test, Boston Naming Test (BNT), and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test.ResultsSA outperformed TOA in all cognitive assessments (P < 0.001) and surpassed YP in BNT and WAIS‐IV. SA's delayed recall scores were notably higher (12.29 ± 1.51) than TOA (6.32 ± 1.44).ConclusionSA excelled in all cognitive domains demonstrating resilience to age‐related cognitive decline. This study highlights Indian SuperAgers' exceptional cognitive prowess.
Technical note: RP Atlas–an unprecedented proposal for a Brazilian population dental development chart based on the London atlas
Authors: da Silveira Sousa Aline Maria , Jacometti Victor , Sato Cindy Maki , AlQahtani Sakher , da Silva Ricardo Henrique Alves 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAge estimation methods through developmental atlases are simplified by image comparison using radiographs. Atlas‐based methods have been utilized to create population‐specific charts addressing population diversity. To tackle the absence of a dedicated atlas for the Brazilian population, the objective of the present study was to create a new atlas for dental development in Brazil based on the London Atlas chart. The new atlas (RP Atlas) is based on the median of tooth development, eruption, and resorption in individuals aged 5 to 23. The sample (567 individuals) was divided between females (n = 290) and males (n = 277). The RP Atlas was handcrafted, scanned, colored, and clustered in two atlases divided by sex. The development of a specific atlas for the Brazilian population has the potential to enhance the accuracy of age estimation in forensic scenarios, notably in a mixed country like Brazil. Further research is needed to assess the suitability of the newly developed atlas for the Brazilian population.
Does religiosity play a role in anatomy learning? Perspectives from Pasifika students at the University of Otago
Authors: Fakapulia Ilaisaane Foli , Time Willie Solomona , TuiSamoa Genevieve , Samalia Latika , Wibowo Erik 
Published: January 2024

AbstractReligion is an important aspect in Pacific cultures and may influence how Pasifika students learn anatomy. Traditional constructs in Pacific cultures, such as tapu (forbidden/taboo) and sacred relationships, and/or Christian values are where spirituality is most commonly perceived among Pacific people. Although Pacific people are not homogenous, tapu is a concept that permeates all of Pacific cultures. Understanding the significance of tapu in Pacific communities will help govern relationships and interactions between male and female students/educators, as well as between the dead (e.g., body donors) and the living (e.g., students/educators). In Pacific communities, breaching tapu can lead to serious repercussions, thus strict adherence to cultural practices is important. Institutions in Aotearoa New Zealand, however, are governed by Western processes and values which are often incompatible with Pasifika worldviews and values. Pacific values, including in education, are holistic in understanding and action, and considers not only the physical but the emotional, mental, and spiritual aspects. The lack of cultural competency and responsiveness from universities continues to be a barrier for Pasifika learners. Supportive action from educators requires appreciation and understanding of Pacific values and practices. Throughout this article, we discuss Pacific perspectives on how religiosity plays a role in anatomy learning for Pasifika students. Key topics discussed here include the Bible, tapu (sacred/taboo), tulou (permission/excuse), vā tapu'ia (sacred relationship), nudity, organ donation, and perspectives on working with deceased human bodies. Given the increasing number of Pasifika students enrolled in universities across Aotearoa New Zealand, education institutions should be more culturally‐responsive to Pasifika students' needs to enhance their academic success in anatomy education.
Nanopore sequencing improves construction of customized CRISPR‐based gene activation libraries
Authors: Wang Handing , Tan Heng Yih , Lian Jiazhang , Zhou Kang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractClustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐based screening has emerged as a powerful tool for identifying new gene targets for desired cellular phenotypes. The construction of guide RNA (gRNA) pools largely determines library quality and is usually performed using Golden Gate assembly or Gibson assembly. To date, library construction methods have not been systematically compared, and the quality check of each batch has been slow. In this study, an in‐house nanopore sequencing workflow was established for assessing the current methods of gRNA pool construction. The bias of pool construction was reduced by employing the polymerase‐mediated non‐amplifying method. Then, a small gRNA pool was utilized to characterize stronger activation domains, specifically MED2 (a subunit of mediator complex) and HAP4 (a heme activator protein), as well as to identify better gRNA choices for dCas12a‐based gene activation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Furthermore, based on the better CRISPRa tool identified in this study, a custom gRNA pool, which consisted of 99 gRNAs targeting central metabolic pathways, was designed and employed to screen for gene targets that could improve ethanol utilization in S. cerevisiae. The nanopore sequencing‐based workflow demonstrated here should provide a cost‐effective approach for assessing the quality of customized gRNA library, leading to faster and more efficient genetic and metabolic engineering in S. cerevisiae.
Mere facade? Is greenwashing behaviour lower in low‐carbon corporates?
Authors: Chen Pengyu , Chu Zhongzhu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCorporate greenwashing has become a focal point in the academic realm. However, there has been limited research exploring the factors influencing corporate greenwashing, particularly from the perspective of pollution emissions. This study uses data from listed companies from 2011 to 2021 and employs a two‐way fixed‐effects model to unveil the correlation and mechanisms between carbon emissions and corporate greenwashing. Additionally, it examines the restraining effects of internal and external pressures on this relationship. The research reveals a significant positive correlation between corporate carbon emissions and greenwashing. Second, internal controls, audit regulations and regulatory regulations reversed this positive relationship. Third, the study finds that reducing risk tolerance and increasing employee compensation are pathways through which carbon emissions promote corporate engagement in greenwashing. Finally, this study indicates that the spillover effects of carbon emissions prompt other companies in the same city to engage in greenwashing. In conclusion, this study provides rich empirical evidence for the greenwashing literature and offers novel theoretical insights into promoting substantive green practices and carbon neutrality, particularly in developing countries such as China.