bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Effects of Lifetime Caffeine Consumption on Levels of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Unsal Sena , Sanlier Nevin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Caffeine has high bioavailability and a purine-like alkaloid structure. It exerts wide-ranging physiological effects by binding to adenosine receptors throughout the human body. Through the activation of those receptors, it can regulate many physiological events in the body. The impact of caffeine consumption on depression, anxiety, stress, and human health remains unclear, constituting an important knowledge gap. This review was conducted to examine the effects of caffeine consumption on depression, anxiety, and stress levels and to offer some recommendations for its future use.

Recent Findings
We performed a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases for original articles published in recent years on “caffeine metabolism”, “caffeine mechanism”, “anxiety”, “depression”, “stress”. Caffeine, which has an antagonistic effect on adenosine, can reduce the risk and symptoms of depression and improve general mental health by modulating the central nervous system and neurotransmitter systems. However, increases in anxiety and stress levels, which are often seen together with depression, are observed due to high-dose caffeine consumption.

Summary
Caffeine’s effects on depression, anxiety, and stress may vary depending on different factors, but the level of consumption is particularly important and attention should be paid to upper limits and reference values while evaluating consumption amounts.
Unravelling the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of hydrogenated amorphous silicon cells for photovoltaics
Authors: Prayogi Soni , Ristiani Deril , Darminto D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This research reveals the application of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in analyzing and improving the performance of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si: H) based photovoltaic cells. As a non-destructive technique, EIS provides deep insight into the electrochemical characteristics of photovoltaic cells, including series resistance, layer capacitance, recombination mechanisms, and charge transport. The impedance data is obtained and analyzed using small AC potential signals at various frequencies via Nyquist diagrams and Bode plots. This analysis allows the identification of resistive and capacitive elements as well as the evaluation of the quality of the interface between the active layer and the electrode. The results show that EIS can identify internal barriers that reduce the efficiency of a-Si: H solar cells, such as dominant recombination mechanisms and inefficient charge transport. Using equivalent circuit models, electrochemical parameters are extracted to reveal cell behavior and performance. In addition, these results also confirm that EIS is an important tool in design optimization and performance improvement of a-Si: H photovoltaic cells, providing a solid scientific basis for the development of more efficient and sustainable solar cell technology. These findings contribute to efforts to increase solar energy efficiency, supporting broader and more effective use of photovoltaic technology in meeting global sustainable energy needs.
A rare finding of testicular epidermoid keratinized cyst in a prepubertal boy: case report and management standardization
Authors: Escolino Maria , Porcaro Mauro , Chiodi Annalisa , Di Mento Claudia , Carraturo Francesca , Mazzone Valerio , Esposito Giorgia , Somma Pasquale , Esposito Ciro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Testicular epidermoid cysts (TECs) are rare, benign lesions that can also mimic malignant testicular masses. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is essential for proper management. A 13-year-old male presented with a painless solid mass in the left testicle. Serum tumor markers were normal. Ultrasound, CEUS and MRI findings were consistent with TEC. Surgical enucleation of the mass was performed, after ruling out malignancy through intraoperative frozen section examination. Histopathology confirmed diagnosis of keratin-filled epidermoid cyst. At 3-month follow-up, the patient is well-being and scrotal US is normal. This case highlights the importance of considering epidermoid cysts in the differential diagnosis of testicular masses in young males. Ultrasound is the first-line imaging modality in the assessment of any testicular masses. Other imaging modalities such as CEUS, elastography and MRI can be helpful to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions. Testis-sparing surgery can be safely performed, after ruling out malignancy through intraoperative frozen-section analysis.
Hurricanes and Health Equity: A Review of Structural Determinants of Vulnerability for Climate and Health Research
Authors: Mathews Shifali , Smith Genee , Madrigano Jaime 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Understanding hurricane vulnerability is crucial for targeting and identifying climate adaptation measures. However, vulnerability assessments often focus on proximal factors, which may obscure underlying drivers of health inequities. We sought to describe the literature characterizing hurricane vulnerability in the U.S., from 2000 to 2022. We abstracted the approaches and factors in each hurricane vulnerability assessment study, and developed a conceptual framework to guide data collection on structural determinants of climate vulnerability.

Recent Findings
The review included a total of 121 studies. The majority pre-specified vulnerable populations, while 40% empirically derived vulnerability. Downstream factors pertaining to demographics, spatial analysis, and health status were most commonly used to assess vulnerability to hurricanes. Only five studies reported structural vulnerabilities, including racism, governance, institutions, and infrastructure deficiencies, which form the basis of our conceptual framework.

Summary
Most hurricane vulnerability studies do not consider upstream factors of health inequities. We developed a conceptual framework and provided example data measures for structural determinants to incorporate into climate and health research, facilitating the development of more effective interventions to address root causes.
Enhancing Plantation Forest Sustainability: A Review of Eucalyptus Defence Mechanisms to Foliar Fungal Pathogens
Authors: Solís Myriam , Hammerbacher Almuth , Wingfield Michael. J , Naidoo Sanushka 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose of the Review
In this review, we synthesize knowledge generated over many decades on the main defence responses of Eucalyptus to fungal leaf pathogens with the aim of identifying targets for breeding disease tolerant trees. We highlight physiological and molecular traits associated with host defence in relation to pathogen life-style. Overall, the purpose of this review is to identify resistance mechanisms that offer improved resilience of Eucalyptus plantations in the face of increasing threats by foliar fungal pathogens. The broad aim is to promote sustainable forestry through appropriate selection of resistance traits in trees that are widely planted for commercial timber production.

Recent findings

Eucalyptus is among the most important tree genera planted for commercial timber production worldwide. Numerous foliar pathogens have been reported on these trees in the last 30 years with numbers of recent reports increasing exponentially. The majority of these diseases affect the leaves and shoots of the trees. Knowledge on resistance traits in Eucalyptus to fungal foliar pathogens is limited. This is in part due to the high intra- and inter-species variation in molecular and physiological responses of the host and variation in responses to different pathogens, especially those with different trophic modes. A well-founded understanding of such host responses will provide valuable knowledge required to maintain healthy, sustainable Eucalyptus plantations, especially in the face of changing environmental conditions, where new diseases are caused by fungi previously not considered relevant.

Summary
Foliar diseases are among the most important challenges for Eucalyptus plantations globally. The effects of climate change and new or more serious outbreaks present an important threat to the sustainability of Eucalyptus plantations worldwide. Due to restrictions on the use of chemicals, more feasible solutions for disease management lie in selecting planting material with resistance traits. To achieve that goal, it is essential to understand the most important physiological and molecular responses of Eucalyptus to infection by pathogens that infect their foliar tissues. In this review we summarise the available knowledge of the main physiological defence barriers and genetic traits that play key roles in the broad defence against foliar fungal pathogens. Furthermore, we consider defence pathways that are specifically related to the lifestyle and trophic mode of the pathogens. In order to ensure the future sustainability of Eucalyptus plantations, it will be necessary to understand how disease resistance is affected by climate change, as well as the adaptability of the hosts and pathogens to newly emerging environmental conditions.
Investigation of uni- and bi-directional soft pneumatic actuators and its implication using rapid prototyping
Authors: Dsilva Delan Winston , Mathias Kevin Amith , Hiremath Shivashankar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the age of automation and robotics, pneumatic grippers play a crucial role in material handling across diverse industrial sectors. This study explores the design and performance of uni- and bi-directional pneumatic grippers, which provide enhanced versatility and multi-directional gripping capabilities, using a rapid prototyping approach to address modern manufacturing needs. Through finite element analysis and experimental testing, the functionality of the gripper is evaluated, with a focus on hyperelastic materials like thermoplastic polyurethane. Three mesh techniques—automatic, tetrahedral, and hex-dominant—are analyzed, with the hex-dominant mesh proving the most effective for all models. Pressures up to 100 kPa, applied in 25 kPa increments to simulate real-world conditions, assessing deformation in both the uni- and bi-directional gripper mechanisms. Key design optimizations based on FE analysis include: a 1 mm gap between the chambers, which has shown an optimal deformation improvement of 109%, and a wall thickness ranging from 0.5 to 1 mm, which balances flexibility while minimizing deformation. In the bi-directional configuration, a chamber height of 4 mm achieves faster deformation with a maximum of 387.86%. Additionally, a 1 mm mid-layer deforms more rapidly, indicating that a thinner mid-layer enhances deformation and increases flexibility. The optimized Model-5, with refined geometry, successfully resolved issues of air leakage and printing defects, demonstrating effective bi-directional gripping capabilities and improved flexibility. The results validate the effectiveness of the design and analysis approach used in this study. These findings underscore the potential of bi-directional pneumatic grippers to transform material handling into industrial applications, offering significant improvements in adaptability and efficiency.
Sports-related Mistreatment in the U.S.: Retrospective Recognitions and Connections to Social Structural Locations, Childhood Contexts, and Adult Characteristics
Authors: Warner Mariah , Knoester Chris 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Using U.S. survey data (N = 3849), this study examined recognized sports-related mistreatment, investigated risk factors for it, and offered descriptive evidence of types of mistreatment and reasons for mistreatment. Logistic regression analyses emphasized social structural characteristics, childhood contexts that included youth sports experiences, and social and sport contexts in adulthood as predictors of mistreatment. Findings highlight that sports-related mistreatment is common. Evidence suggests greater risks for mistreatment for males and individuals who identify as a sexual minority, have health problems or disabilities, and have dealt with weight-related stigma and pressures. It also seems to be more common among those who are less popular and less athletic while growing up. Although sports-related mistreatment frequently occurs in various settings and contexts, elite sport contexts and more competitive settings may be more prone for mistreatment. Overall, these results suggest that the structures, cultures, and interactions surrounding sports need to become more focused on enhancing positive development, safety, inclusivity, and participant well-being.
Roma Young People’s Perception of Intelligence and their Experience of Education
Authors: Williams Simon Craig 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Roma young people are often subjected to oppression within formal educational spaces often linked to the idea that Roma young people are less intelligent than other young people. Intelligence is understood in the positionality of individual ideologies and could become a tool of powerful individuals and groups to create an ‘ideology of normal’ that grants permission to exclude Roma young people. This ‘normal’ view of intelligence can impact educational experiences. This study takes a phenomenological approach, using focus groups and diaries to explore what Roma young people perceive to be intelligence and how this perception could affect their education experiences including their motivation to engage in learning. The data exposes the oppressive culture Roma young people exist in and how racist ideologies of intelligence impact learning and wider opportunities. Roma young people from this study express a desire to achieve academically but value qualities, such as kindness and respect, which are perceived as intelligent behaviour. The study concludes that a recognition of the impact of professional relationships, such as youth work, is significant to challenge oppressive intelligence ideologies.
The use of large language models as scaffolds for proleptic reasoning
Authors: Kudina Olya , Ballsun-Stanton Brian , Alfano Mark 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper examines the potential educational uses of chat-based large language models (LLMs), moving past initial hype and skepticism. Although LLM outputs often evoke fascination and resemble human writing, they are unpredictable and must be used with discernment. Several metaphors—like calculators, cars, and drunk tutors—highlight distinct models for student interactions with LLMs, which we explore in the paper. We suggest that LLMs hold a potential in students’ learning by fostering proleptic reasoning through scaffolding, i.e., presenting a technological accompaniment in anticipating and responding to potential objections to arguments. Here, the technical limitations of LLMs can be reframed as beneficial when fostering anticipatory reasoning. Whether their outputs are accurate or not, evaluating them stimulates learning. LLMs require students to critically engage, emphasizing analytical thinking over mere memorization. This interaction helps solidify knowledge. Additionally, we explore how engaging with LLMs can prepare students for constructive collective discussions and provide first steps in addressing epistemic injustices by highlighting potential research blind spots. Thus, while acknowledging the sociopolitical and ethical complexities of using LLMs in education, we suggest that when used in an informed way, they can promote critical thinking through anticipatory reasoning.
Impact of gaseous smoke pollutants from modelled fires on air and soil quality
Authors: Nizhelskiy Mikhail , Kazeev Kamil , Vilkova Valeria , Fedorenko Anastasia , Kolesnikov Sergey 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Forest fires produce large volumes of pollutants in the atmospheric air. Fires contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions worldwide apart from industrial and traffic pollutants. The study reports the results of research on the effect of gaseous substances from burning forest combustibles on air quality and deposition of emissions on soil. It was determined a significant excess in smoke of such substances as carbon monoxide (3570 mg/m3), nitrogen oxide and dioxide (40 mg/m3 and 60 mg/m3) saturated hydrocarbons – methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane nonadecane. The obtained results evidence the increased concentrations of pollutants, including climate-active substances in the air. They can affect negatively both the climate and ecological state of soils. A negative effect of gaseous products of combustion on soil (Haplic Chernozem) by deposition was determined, which caused changes in soil properties. It was reliably established that the enzymatic activity of soil (Haplic Chernozem) significantly decreased under the influence from smoke of fire during 60 min. Catalase appeared to be the most sensitive indicator. The catalase activity decreased by 25% compared to control values. Peroxidase activity decreased by 15%, urease by 20% and phosphatase by 16%. The pH changed from 7.8 to 6.3 after exposure of the soil to smoke. Soil microbiota was also adversely affected by smoke. High sensitivity was recorded for microscopic fungi. Their abundances decreased by 26%–87% after 10–60 min of smoke exposure. Bacteria were found to be more resistant to toxic smoke (28%–33% decrease in abundance). Therefore, smoke from fires can be considered as one of the factors that can affect soil.

Graphical Abstract
Flexible and stretchable bioelectronics for organoids
Authors: Lee Jaeyong , Liu Jia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Organoids have gained significant interest due to their ability to recapitulate the structural, molecular, and functional complexity of corresponding organs. While methods have been developed to characterize and benchmark organoid structural and molecular properties, capturing the functional development and maturation of organoids remains challenging. To address this, the development of multifunctional bioelectronics for interfacing with organoids has been actively pursued. However, conventional electronics face limitations in achieving multifunctional recording and control across the entire three-dimensional (3D) volume of organoids in a long-term stable manner due to the large morphological and cellular composition changes during development. In this review, we first discuss the application of conventional electronics for organoid interfacing. We then focus on the development of flexible and stretchable electronics designed to create organoid/electronics hybrids for chronically stable interfaces. We also review recent advancements in flexible multifunctional electronics for charting multimodal cell activities throughout development. Furthermore, we explore the integration of flexible bioelectronics with other characterization modalities for comprehensive multimodal charting of cells within 3D tissues. Finally, we discuss the potential of integrating artificial intelligence into the organoid system through embedded electronics, harnessing organoid intelligence for biosymbiotic computational systems. These advancements could provide valuable tools for characterizing organoid functional development and maturation, establishing patient-specific models, developing therapeutic opportunities, and exploring novel computational strategies.

Graphical abstract
Impact of Reduced Anthropogenic Emissions Associated With COVID‐19 Lockdown on PM2.5 Concentration and Canopy Urban Heat Island in Canada
Authors: Ashraf Samaneh , Pausata Francesco S. R. , Leroyer Sylvie , Stevens Robin , Munoz‐Alpizar Rodrigo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractExtensive lockdowns during the COVID‐19 pandemic caused a remarkable decline in human activities that have influenced urban climate, especially air quality and urban heat islands. However, the impact of such changes on local climate based on long term ground‐level observations has hitherto not been investigated. Using air pollution measurements for the four major Canadian metropolitan areas (Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, and Calgary), we find that PM2.5 markedly decreased during and after lockdowns with peak reduction ranging between 42% and 53% relative to the 2000–2019 reference period. Moreover, we show a substantial decline in canopy urban heat island intensity during lockdown and in the post lockdowns periods with peak reduction ranging between 0.7°C and 1.6°C in comparison with the 20‐year preceding period. The results of this study may provide insights for local policymakers to define the regulation strategies to facilitate air quality improvement in urban areas.
Greenland Ice Sheet Wide Supraglacial Lake Evolution and Dynamics: Insights From the 2018 and 2019 Melt Seasons
Authors: Dunmire Devon , Subramanian Aneesh C. , Hossain Emam , Gani Md Osman , Banwell Alison F. , Younas Hammad , Myers Brendan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSupraglacial lakes on the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) can impact both the ice sheet surface mass balance and ice dynamics. Thus, understanding the evolution and dynamics of supraglacial lakes is important to provide improved parameterizations for ice sheet models to enable better projections of future GrIS changes. In this study, we utilize the growing inventory of optical and microwave satellite imagery to automatically determine the fate of Greenland‐wide supraglacial lakes during 2018 and 2019; low and high melt seasons respectively. We develop a novel time series classification method to categorize lakes into four classes: (a) Refreezing, (b) rapidly draining, (c) slowly draining, and (d) buried. Our findings reveal significant interannual variability between the two melt seasons, with a notable increase in the proportion of draining lakes, and a particular dominance of slowly draining lakes, in 2019. We also find that as mean lake depth increases, so does the percentage of lakes that drain, indicating that lake depth may influence hydrofracture potential. We further observe rapidly draining lakes at higher elevations than the previously hypothesized upper‐elevation hydrofracture limit (1,600 m), and that non‐draining lakes are generally deeper during the lower melt 2018 season. Our automatic classification approach and the resulting 2‐year ice‐sheet‐wide data set provide new insights into GrIS supraglacial lake dynamics and evolution, offering a valuable resource for future research.
Rainfall and Seasonality Drive Pyrogenic Carbon Stocks in Coarse‐Textured Mineral Soils
Authors: Haig Jordahna , Das Sourav , Sanderman Jonathan , Bird Michael I. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPyrogenic carbon (PyC) from biomass burning is a large, but poorly quantified, slow‐cycling component of the soil organic carbon pool. Modeling of soil carbon dynamics can be improved by including the processes governing the input and cycling of PyC in the soil. The carbon isotope composition of PyC (δ13CPyC) provides a tracer for the partitioning of PyC into the soil from biomass. We report the stocks and δ13C values for PyC and organic carbon (OC) for 41 regions dominated by savannas and seasonally wet to arid regions of Australia and Africa. Stocks of PyC in the 0–5 cm interval ranged from 0 to 1.17 MgC ha−1 (mean 0.43 ± 0.25 MgC ha−1) and in the 0–30 cm interval ranged from 0.25 to 3.89 MgC ha−1 (mean 1.65 ± 0.77 MgC ha−1). PyC stocks averaged 8% (but were up to 25%) of total organic carbon (TOC) stocks. Stocks tended to highest in relatively wet, but seasonally dry, regions such as tropical savannas. PyC abundance could be predicted (r = 0.8 to 0.95) from environmental variables only. δ13CPyC values varied widely between regions, but with no systematic differences within regions related to current vegetation or sample depth, likely due to the long residence time of PyC in the soil. δ13CPyC values were strongly correlated with δ13COC values but were systematically 1–2‰ higher even in C3 only regions.