bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opsonophagocytic Effect of Antibody Against Recombinant Conserved 40‐kDa Outer Membrane Protein of Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Saito Shigeno , Hayakawa Mitsuo , Takiguchi Hisashi , Abiko Yoshimitsu 
Published: February 2005

Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis is associated with the initiation and progression of adult periodontitis. The outer membrane proteins of the bacteria are potentially important targets for interaction with host defense systems. A 40‐kDa outer membrane protein (40‐kDa OMP) is conserved among many strains of P. gingivalis. We have cloned the gene for 40‐kDa OMP from P. gingivalis 381 and produced a recombinant protein. For the development of recombinant 40‐kDa OMP as a component of a vaccine for passive immunization, the elucidation of the roles of the anti‐recombinant 40‐kDa OMP antibody in the host defense against P. gingivalis is essential. The objective of this study was to determine the opsonic capacity of the antibody for phagocytosis by neutrophils which play a key role in the immune response to microbial infections.Methods: To test the opsonic activity of a rabbit polyclonal antibody against r40‐kDa OMP (r40‐kDa OMP Ab) on human neutrophils to phagocytize P. gingivalis, we constructed a reproducible in vitro model of P. gingivalis‐neutrophil interaction using the human promyelocytic cell line HL‐60.Results: We demonstrated that r40‐kDa OMP Ab in the presence of human complement successfully opsonized [3H]‐thymidine‐labeled P. gingivalis as a target for phagocytosis by HL‐60 cells differentiated with dimethyl sulfoxide. The phagocytized bacteria were then intracellularly killed and lysed, and the radioactive degradation debris egested into the culture medium.Conclusions: We conclude that antibody against r40‐kDa OMP has opsonic activity on human neutrophil function for phagocytosis of P. gingivalis. Subgingival bacteria are coated in vivo with immunoglobulin and complement. When the antibody is specific for crevicular bacteria, immunological interactions can be expected in the crevice. Our observations suggest that the anti‐recombinant 40‐kDa OMP antibody in concert with the crevicular complement may prevent P. gingivalis colonization r40‐kDa OMP may contribute to the development of a local immunotherapy when applied to the crevice of a patient with P. gingivalis‐related periodontitis which relates to susceptibility for certain systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and preterm labor.J Periodontol 1999;70:610‐617.
Acoustic Microstreaming: Detection and Measurement Around Ultrasonic Scalers
Authors: Khambay B.S. , Walmsley A.D. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Acoustic microstreaming (AMS) may be useful to the clinician when using the ultrasonic scaler to remove particulate matter from the teeth. The aim of this study was to detect and measure the effects of AMS produced by ultrasonic scalers.Methods: For the study, an ultrasonic generator was selected with 4 differently shaped scaling tip inserts (TFI‐3, TFI‐9, TFI‐1, and P‐12). A plaque substitute (0.2 mm thick soft cream cheese) was coated onto a microscope slide and immersed in water. The ultrasonic scaler tip was placed in the water and orientated either perpendicular or parallel to the slide. The instrument was operated both contacting the slide under a load of 0.3 N and non‐contacting at various distances from the slide surface. This was repeated with the tip parallel to the slide. The area of medium removed was quantified by digital image analysis.Results: It was found that AMS removed the plaque substitute from around the tip. The TFI‐9 insert significantly removed more material with increasing displacement amplitude (P <0.05). Significantly larger areas of plaque substitute were removed when the tips of the TFI‐3, TFI‐9, and P‐12 inserts were orientated perpendicularly to the slide compared to the parallel orientation (P <0.05). Of the 4 inserts used, the TFI‐9 insert removed the most material while the straight tip produced no apparent removal. Removal by AMS required the presence of a water medium and such forces were found to decrease with distance from the scaling tip. No plaque substitute removal was seen at a distance of 7 mm for the TFI‐9 insert at 37.5 µm displacement with the tip orientation parallel to the slide.Conclusions: It is concluded that AMS occurs around ultrasonic scalers and this depends on the displacement amplitude, tip orientation, and presence of a water medium. AMS may play a role in disruption of subgingival biofilms associated with periodontal disease. J Periodontol 1999;70:626‐631
One Stage Full‐ Versus Partial‐Mouth Disinfection in the Treatment of Chronic Adult or Generalized Early‐Onset Periodontitis.
Authors: Quirynen Marc , Mongardini Claudio , Pauwels Martine , Bollen Curd M.L. , Van Eldere Johan , Van Steenberghe Daniel 
Published: February 2005

Background: Recent studies showed the clinical benefits of a one stage full‐mouth disinfection, when compared to the worldwide standard treatment strategy of consecutive root planings per quadrant without proper disinfection of the remaining intraoral niches. The purpose of this study was to investigate the microbiological benefits of such a one stage full‐mouth disinfection with special attention to all intraoral niches for periodontopathogens and to evaluate the perception by the patients of the new treatment strategy.Methods: Sixteen patients with early‐onset periodontitis and 24 patients with severe adult periodontitis were randomly assigned to test and control groups. The control group was scaled and root planed, per quadrant, at 2‐week intervals and given oral hygiene instructions. The test group received the one stage full‐mouth disinfection treatment. At baseline and after 1, 2, 4, and 8 months, microbiological samples were taken from all niches (tongue, mucosa, saliva, and pooled samples from single‐ and multi‐rooted teeth). The samples were cultured on selective and non‐selective media. Patient perception of the treatment was evaluated using a questionnaire.Results: In comparison to the standard therapy, the one stage full‐mouth disinfection resulted in significant additional microbial improvements. The test group showed larger reductions in the proportions of spirochetes and motile organisms in the subgingival flora, and more significant reductions in the density of key pathogens, with even the eradication of P. gingivalis. The beneficial effects in the other niches were primarily restricted to the number of colony‐forming units/ml of black‐pigmented bacteria, especially on the mucosa and in the saliva and to a lesser extent on the tongue. Both treatments were well tolerated by the patients and the overall severity rating for both therapies was comparable, although 4 quadrants were treated within 24 hours in the test group versus only 1 in the control group. The full‐mouth disinfection approach resulted more frequently in a slight increase of body temperature, especially after the second day.Conclusions:These findings support the benefit of a one stage full‐mouth disinfection in the treatment of patients with either chronic adult or early‐onset periodontitis. J Periodontol 1999;70:646‐656.
Multi‐Layered Periodontal Pocket Epithelium Reconstituted In Vitro: Histology and Cytokeratin Profiles
Authors: Papaioannou William , Cassiman Jean‐Jacques , Oord Joost Van den , De Vos Rita , van Steenberghe Daniel , Quirynen Marc 
Published: February 2005

Background: In order to study inter‐individual differences in bacterial adhesion/invasion of periodontal tissues, an in vitro model for culturing multi‐layered pocket epithelium without feeder layers or stromal equivalents (including the evaluation of their cytokeratin profiles) was developed.Methods: Pocket epithelium was collected and grown until confluent in Falcon flasks using keratinocyte‐serum free medium (KSFM), without a feeder layer. In the second passage, oral keratinocytes were re‐grown in a 2 compartment system using either a clear polyester (transwell‐clear [TCL]) or a collagen (transwell‐col [TCO]) membrane as culture surface. After the first week, the calcium concentration was raised to 1.2 mM and in half the wells, the KSFM was supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS). Histology and immunohistochemistry were performed after 1, 2, and 3 weeks of additional growth.Results: In general, all conditions resulted in a structured epithelium consisting of 3 to 5 layers, but important differences were observed between the membrane types and between the media. CK4 was rarely and only lightly expressed while CK18 and 19 (characteristic of junctional epithelium) were very strongly expressed in the older (2 and 3 weeks) cultures. CK13 and 14 (characteristic of any stratifiable epithelial cell) also tended to increase over time; CK13 seemed to be stronger in KSFM with FCS while the contrary was true for CK14. The multi‐layer created by the combination TCL/KSFM + 10% FCS resembled a junctional epithelium most, while that grown on TCO without FCS mimicked the sulcular epithelium.Conclusions: It seems possible to create a histiotypic culture resembling either periodontal pocket or junctional epithelium without the use of stromal equivalents or feeder layers which make this approach more cumbersome. This multi‐layered culture offers a model to investigate the permeability of pocket epithelium and the adhesion and penetration of bacteria under well‐defined environmental conditions. J Periodontol 1999;70:668‐678.
The Relationship Between the Interleukin– 1 Periodontal Genotype and Implant Loss. Initial Data
Authors: Wilson Thomas G. , Nunn Martha 
Published: February 2005

Background: This study investigated the relationship of the interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) genotype, smoking status, and the patient's age to the survival of osseointegrated dental implants.Methods: Twenty‐seven patients with 33 implants that had been lost or who had at least 50% bone loss on radiographs were compared to a group of 38 patients who had experienced no bone or implant loss. All lost implants in a private practice were included in the data, except those that had fractured with no previous bone loss.Results: Smoking was demonstrated to increase the risk of implant failure by a factor of almost 2.5.Conclusions: Statistical testing failed to provide evidence of an increased risk for implant failure for patients who are positive for the IL‐1 genotype. There was no apparent relationship between the patient's age at the time of placement and implant loss. This study raises several questions concerning the etiology of implant loss and the comparative biology of tissues surrounding implants when compared to those surrounding natural teeth. J Periodontol 1999;70:724‐729.
Periodontal Ligament Cells From Insulin‐Dependent Diabetics Exhibit Altered Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Response to Growth Factors
Authors: Hobbs Hana C. , Rowe Dorothy J. , Johnson Paul W. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Insulin‐dependent or Type 1 diabetes mellitus (IDDM) has been associated with an increased severity of periodontal disease. Because periodontal ligament (PDL) cells play a significant role in maintenance and regeneration of mineralized tissue, the success of procedures, such as guided tissue regeneration, is directly related to the ability of these cells to augment mineralized tissue. The objective of this study was to examine the ability of PDL cells from long‐standing IDDM patients to form mineralized tissue and to determine whether these cells would exhibit altered responses to exogenously added growth factors.Methods: PDL cells were isolated from 4 patients with IDDM treated with insulin for at least 5 years and from systemically healthy donors. The cell isolates were tested for their ability to form mineralized nodules in vitro and to express alterations in alkaline phosphatase activity in response to exogenously added growth factors (transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β), platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB), and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1). Alkaline phosphatase activity was determined spectrophotometrically.Results: Although all PDL cell isolates formed mineralized nodules in vitro, PDL cells from diabetics formed mineralized nodules more slowly than did the controls. Alkaline phosphatase activity was not altered by exposure of diabetic PDL cells to TGF‐β for 9 days. In contrast, non‐diabetic isolates exhibited increased levels of activity with increasing concentrations, from 0.5 to 1.0 ng/ml. Alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher in non‐diabetic, but not in diabetic, cell isolates exposed to TGF‐β at 1.0 ng/ml, when compared to non‐treated controls. Diabetic cell isolates exhibited significantly lower alkaline phosphatase activity than the non‐diabetic isolates when exposed to either TGF‐β, PDGF‐BB, IGF‐1 or a combination of PDGF‐BB and IGF‐1.Conclusions: These results suggest that the populations of PDL cells in insulin‐dependent diabetics may be altered in their ability to form mineralized tissue and to respond to growth factors, functions affecting the maintenance and regeneration of the periodontium. J Periodontol 1999;70:736‐742.
The Influence of General Health and Socio‐Cultural Variables on the Periodontal Condition of Pregnant Women
Authors: Machuca Guillermo , Khoshfeiz Omid , Lacalle Juan R. , Machuca Carmen , Bullón Pedro 
Published: February 2005

Background: There has been speculation as to whether hormonal changes during pregnancy or pre‐existing conditions of general, oral, and dental health and socio‐cultural background have a greater impact on the development of periodontal disease during pregnancy.Methods: This study evaluates the periodontal status of 130 pregnant women (plaque index, bleeding index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level) and its relationship to demographic (age, professional level, education, and urban or rural residence) and clinical variables (gestation period, previous pregnancy, health status, previous live births, previous periodontal maintenance). The hospital in which the study was conducted was selected during a prior pilot study. All records were compiled by the same trained examiner with a calibrated manual probe. Statistical tests used were ANOVA and ANCOVA.Results: Results showed a mean plaque index of 58.7±2.79%, which increased with statistical significance when the professional level was lower (P <0.014), education was lower (P <0.01), previous periodontal maintenance was less frequent (P <0.00001) and patients lived in rural areas (P <0.0003). The mean bleeding index was 68.8±2.44% and was significant in relation to lower professional level (P <0.025), less frequent previous periodontal maintenance (P <0.029), and an urban residence (P <0.0011). A mean clinical attachment level of 0.84±0.65 mm was observed and was related significantly with age (26 to 30 years) (P <0.001) and the third trimester of gestation period (P <0.0025). The mean probing depth was 1.71±0.3 mm, which related significantly with age (36 to 42 years) (P <0.0002), lower professional level (P <0.0013), rural residence (P <0.0025), 2 or more previous live births (P <0.0001), and non‐attendance for previous periodontal maintenance (P <0.0023). Using ANCOVA testing and adjusting by age, the differences relating to previous live births disappeared.Conclusions: Gingivitis due to accumulation of plaque was the most characteristic periodontal condition in this sample and was related to professional level, level of education, and previous periodontal maintenance. These results illustrate the importance of establishing periodontal preventive measures for pregnant women, even though their demographic and clinical characteristics do not differ from those of the general population. J Periodontol 1999;70:779‐785.
Influence of Estrogen and Osteopenia/Osteoporosis on Clinical Periodontitis in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Reinhardt Richard A. , Payne Jeffrey B. , Maze Connie A. , Patil Kashinath D. , Gallagher Steven J. , Mattson John S. 
Published: February 2005

Background: In Western societies, more than one‐third of the female population above age 65 suffers from signs and symptoms of osteoporosis, a disorder characterized by low bone mass. Estrogen deficiency is the dominant pathogenic factor for osteoporosis in women. The impact of estrogen deficiency and osteopenia/osteoporosis on periodontitis is unclear, partially due to the lack of longitudinal studies evaluating clinical signs of gingival inflammation and periodontitis progression. The purpose of this investigation was to analyze prospectively the influence of serum estradiol levels and osteopenia/osteoporosis on common clinical measurements of periodontal disease over a 2‐year period.Methods: Fifty‐nine moderate/advanced adult periodontitis patients and 16 non‐periodontitis subjects, all within 5 years after menopause at baseline, completed the study. Serum estradiol levels (E2) were measured yearly by 125I radioimmunoassay, and osteopenia/osteoporosis was determined by dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine. Posterior interproximal clinical measurements were obtained every 6 months for the periodontitis patients, including explorerdetectable supragingival plaque, bleeding on probing (BOP) and relative clinical attachment level (RCAL). Baseline probing depths, smoking history, and demographic data also were collected.Results: Data indicated that baseline demographic measurements and bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine were not different between E2‐deficient and E2‐sufficient subjects. Smoking activity (packs smoked/day, years smoked) was higher in periodontitis patients (P=0.0001) . E 2‐sufficient periodontitis subjects had a higher frequency of supragingival plaque without increasing gingival inflammation. E2 status did not influence the percentage of sites losing RCAL for either periodontitis or non‐periodontitis groups, but when non‐smoking osteopenic/osteoporotic periodontitis patients were evaluated, E2‐deficient subjects had more BOP (43.8% versus 24.4%, P<0.04) and a trend toward a higher frequency of ≥ 2.0 mm RCAL loss (3.8% versus 1.2%, 2 P<0.1) than E ‐sufficient subjects.Conclusions: These data suggest that E2 supplementation (serum E2>40 pg/ml) is associated with reduced gingival inflammation and a reduced frequency of clinical attachment loss in osteopenic/osteoporotic women in early menopause. J Periodontol 1999;70:823‐828.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors and Progression of Periodontal Diseases
Authors: Johnson R.B. , Serio F.G. , Dai X. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Tissues become hemorrhagic and edematous coincident to periodontal diseases; however, there is little information concerning the biologic mechanisms which may produce these changes. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a macromolecule which enhances blood vessel growth and permeability. However, there is no information concerning gingival VEGF concentrations within normal or diseased gingiva. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in gingival concentrations of VEGF during initiation and progression of periodontal diseases and compare them to changes in the number of blood vessel profiles and concentration of recognized markers of periodontal disease severity (interleukin‐6[IL‐6]).Methods: Normal (non‐hemorrhagic gingiva adjacent to a ≤3 mm gingival sulcus) and inflamed gingiva (hemorrhagic gingiva adjacent to a ≤3 mm, 4 to 6 mm, or >6 mm periodontal pocket) were studied. VEGF and IL‐6 concentrations were assessed by ELlSA and the number of blood vessels determined by histomorphometric techniques. Data were placed into one of the following groups: ≤3 mm, normal; ≤3 mm, diseased; 4 to 6 mm, diseased; and >6 mm, diseased. These groups were compared by factorial ANOVA and Scheffé comparisons. In addition, groups were compared by simple and multiple regression and regression ANOVA to determine possible correlations between them.Results: VEGF and IL‐6 concentrations were significantly lower within normal than within diseased gingiva. The number of blood vessel profiles and mean IL‐6 concentrations were highest in diseased tissues adjacent to >6 mm sulci and were significantly correlated with sulcular depth (P <0.001). In contrast, VEGF concentrations were highest within diseased gingiva adjacent to 4 to 6 mm periodontal pockets (P <0.001) and were not correlated with sulcular depth.Conclusions: VEGF may be a factor in initiation and progression of gingivitis to periodontitis, possibly by promoting expansion of the vascular network coincident to progression of the inflammation. J Periodonto1 1999; 70:848‐852.
Microbiological Response of Localized Sites with Recurrent Periodontitis in Maintenance Patients Treated with Tetracycline Fibers
Authors: Wong Man‐Ying , Lu Chia‐Lin , Liu Cheing‐Meei , Hou Lein‐Tuan 
Published: February 2005

Background: Whether adjunctive tetracycline fibers can provide an additive effect to scaling and root planing in treating non‐responsive sites in maintenance subjects is still controversial. Recolonization of the bacteria from untreated sites or from the extracrevicular region may explain the insignificant response to local therapy. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the microbiological response of sites treated with tetracycline fibers combined with scaling and root planing.Methods: The study was conducted in a split‐mouth design. Thirty patients on maintenance therapy having at least 2 non‐adjacent sites in separate quadrants with probing depths between 4 to 8 mm with bleeding on probing, or aspartate aminotransferase enzyme levels > 800 μlU in the gingival crevicular fluid, were treated with scaling and root planing plus tetracycline fibers or with scaling and root planing only. Subgingival plaque samples were collected at baseline, and 1, 3, and 6 months following treatment. A. actinomycetemcomitans, C. rectus, B. forsythus, E. corrodens, F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, and P. intermedia were detected by culture, immunofluorescence, or PCR technique.Results: There was a reduction of total bacterial cell count, as well as of certain periodontal pathogens, following treatment. The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. forsythus, and P. gingivalis and the mean proportions of C. rectus, P. intermedia, F. nucleatum, and P. gingivalis decreased after therapy, but there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 treatment groups with respect to bacterial proportions or the number of positive sites. Besides, the pathogens could not be eliminated from the periodontal pocket, and recolonization of the pocket was noted at 3 months post‐treatment.Conclusions: Bacteria located within the cheek, tongue mucosa, saliva, or untreated sites may contribute to reinfection of the pockets and explain the insignificant response to local tetracycline therapy. J Periodonto1 1999;70:861‐868.