bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the reproducibility of intrarenal R and ΔR measurements following administration of furosemide and during waterload
Authors: Li Lu‐Ping , Storey Pippa , Pierchala Linda , Li Wei , Polzin Jason , Prasad Pottumarthi 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPurposeTo estimate the reproducibility of BOLD MRI measurements in the evaluation of intrarenal oxygenation levels.Materials and MethodsIn this study, the reproducibility of semiquantitative BOLD MRI measurements performed on a 1.5 T scanner with a multiple gradient‐echo sequence in the renal medulla and cortex, and their response to furosemide and waterload, were assessed in eight healthy young subjects (25.6 ± 4.1 years). Each subject underwent an identical experimental procedure on two separate days.ResultsRenal R measurements were shown to be reproducible within ∼12% from day to day based on a coefficient of variance (CV) analysis. The changes in R (ΔR) following administration of furosemide were statistically significant, as shown by ANOVA and a paired Student's t‐test, and were deemed reliable based on the reliable change index (RCI). However, ΔR values following waterload were not statistically significant, and were not deemed reliable.ConclusionR measurements were reproducible over 270 days within 12%. Furosemide produced a significant and reliable change (∼30%), and the magnitude of change (5.7 s−1) was reproducible and consistent with our previous data. The response to waterload, however, did not reach statistical significance, and the magnitude did not reach the level that we had previously reported. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;19:610–616. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dependence of calcium influx in neocortical cells on temporal structure of depolarization, number of spikes, and blockade of NMDA receptors
Authors: Balaban Pavel , Chistiakova Marina , Malyshev Aleksey , Volgushev Maxim 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIncrease of intracellular [Ca2+] evoked by action potentials in a cell can induce long‐term synaptic plasticity even without concomitant presynaptic stimulation. We used optical recording of the fluorescence of a Ca2+‐indicator Oregon Green to investigate whether differences in results obtained with modifications of that purely postsynaptic induction protocol could be due to differential Ca2+ influx. We compared changes of the somatic [Ca2+] in layer II–III pyramidal cells in slices of rat visual cortex evoked by bursts of depolarization pulses and long depolarizing steps. During weak depolarizations, the Ca2+ influx was proportional to the amplitude and duration of the depolarization. With suprathreshold depolarizations, the Ca2+ influx was proportional to the number of action potentials. Because the burst depolarizations evoked more spikes than did the long duration steps, this burst protocol led to a larger Ca2+ influx. With all stimulation protocols, the spike‐induced Ca2+ influx was reduced during blockade of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Differences in intracellular [Ca2+] increases thus may be one reason for differential effects of purely postsynaptic challenges on synaptic transmission. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Progressive cognitive impairment and anxiety induction in the absence of plaque deposition in C57BL/6 inbred mice expressing transgenic amyloid precursor protein
Authors: Lee Kang‐Woo , Lee Si Hyoung , Kim Hyuck , Song Jin‐Sook , Yang Sung‐Don , Paik Sang Gi , Han Pyung‐Lim 
Published: April 2004

AbstractNumerous transgenic mouse models for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been generated to recapitulate the histological pathogenesis and behavioral phenotypes of AD brain. However, none of the existing models exhibits the full spectrum of AD symptoms, nor have all of the traits mimicked by the developed animal models been successfully represented within a single mouse line, indicating that the development of transgenic lines showing new features of the AD‐like brain should be explored. Here we report on a transgenic mouse line, named Tg‐APP (Sw, V717F)/B6, that expresses the human amyloid precursor protein (APP) containing the Swedish and the V717F Indiana mutations in the brains of inbred C57BL/6 mice, designed to eliminate the potential phenotypic variations attributed to the compound genetic backgrounds adopted in most AD mouse models. The Tg‐APP (Sw, V717F)/B6 mice expressed the transgene transcript, in the heterozygote state, at a level of 2.6 ± 0.1 fold higher than that of endogenous mouse APP. However, no Aβ‐plaque deposition was produced in the brain of the Tg‐APP (Sw, V717F)/B6 mice up to 18 months of age. The Tg‐APP(Sw, V717F)/B6 mice at 13–15 months showed reduced expression of calbindin and c‐Fos in the brain. The Tg‐APP (Sw, V717F)/B6 mice at 11–14 months displayed decreased motor coordination, learning and memory deficits, and severely increased anxiety. These phenotypes were not observed in the Tg‐APP (Sw, V717F)/B6 mice at 5–7 months. Microarray analysis revealed altered expression, in the amygdala of the Tg‐APP (Sw, V717F)/B6 mice, of genes previously implicated in anxiety. Taken together, these results suggest that the transgenic APP, or its derivatives, produces the age‐dependent pathophysiology of the AD‐like brain and that the progressive cognitive impairment and anxiety induction can proceed in the absence of visible Aβ‐plaque deposition. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
5.2 CA filter tow for cigarette filters
Authors: Rustemeyer Paul 
Published: April 2004

AbstractImportant steps in the process of the transformation of cellulose acetate flakes into Filter Tow and then into filters are explained: dissolving of cellulose acetate in acetone, extrusion of spin dope through spinnerets, crimping of tow band, drying and baling, rod making. Quality parameters of Filter Tow and filters are summarized as well as. The effect of selective filtration of cellulose acetate cigarette filters.
Quality management in the Turkish public sector: a survey
Authors: Üstüner Yilmaz , Coşkun Seli̇m 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis article assesses the challenges of introducing Quality Management (QM) in the Turkish public sector in two pioneering central institutions. A survey was conducted with the aim of exploring in particular the views of the workforce on the feasibility and prospects of QM. Findings revealed that despite the differences in both the practice and the perceptions, the workforce had a positive attitude and shared an awareness of the need for a comprehensive reform that included wide utilisation of QM. The results also imply that the success of QM is conditioned by the approach adopted and the organisational context. Considering the fact that QM necessitates long‐term commitment and adequate resources, its future cannot be isolated from general problems of the Turkish public administration system. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies of Novel Heterocyclic Insensitive High Explosive Compounds: Pyridines, Pyrimidines, Pyrazines and Their Bicyclic Analogues
Authors: Millar Ross W. , Philbin Simon P. , Claridge Robert P. , Hamid Javid 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe rationale behind using heterocyclic compounds [1], particularly nitrogen heterocycles, as higher energy insensitive high explosives is discussed, including the potential advantages compared with carbocyclic compounds. The types of functional groups used to impart energy to heterocyclic nuclei, whilst maintaining insensitivity, and methodologies for their introduction, are covered. The latter include nitration (by conventional and clean synthetic methods), amination, and oxidation (on ring heteroatoms and of exocyclic amino groups). Strategies for maximising the energetic content of a given heterocyclic nucleus are also examined. The syntheses of specific examples at QinetiQ are described, based on the following nuclei: pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, pteridine and purine. Strategies for obtaining the desired amino‐nitro derivatives and their heterocyclic N‐oxides are outlined. Optimisation of the synthetic routes for several candidates is discussed. The physical, explosive and thermal properties of the more successful candidates are described, with suggestions for their potential application in military stores.
Mental disorders in a forensic sample of sexual offenders
Authors: Leue Anja , Borchard Bernd , Hoyer Jürgen 
Published: April 2004

AbstractObjectiveThe present study examined the prevalence of DSM IV axis I disorders and DSM IV personality disorders among sexual offenders in Forensic State Hospitals in Germany.MethodCurrent and lifetime prevalence rates of mental disorders were investigated based on clinical structured interviews among sexual offenders (n= 55). Additionally, subgroups were analyzed on the basis of diagnostic research criteria, with 30 sexual offenders classified as paraphiliacs and 25 sexual offenders as having an impulse control disorder (without paraphilia).ResultsAnxiety disorders, mood disorders, and substance use disorders were common among sexual offenders, as were cluster B and cluster C personality disorders. While social phobia was most common among paraphilic sexual offenders, major depression was most prevalent in impulse control disordered sexual offenders.ConclusionThe results replicate recent findings of high psychiatric morbidity in sexual offendersplacedin forensic facilities. Furthermore, differential patterns of co-morbid mental disorders were found in paraphiliacs and impulse control disordered sexual offenders. With regard to an effective therapy and relapse prevention co-morbid mental disorders should be a greater focus in the assessment of subgroups of sexual offenders.
Kashifi's Forgotten Masterpiece: Why Rediscover the Anvār-i Suhaylī?
Authors: van Ruymbeke Christine 
Published: April 2004

The Date of the Composition of Husayn Vaᶜiz-i Kashifi's Anvār-i Suhaylī is uncertain. It is conjectured that it must have been completed at the end of the ninth/fifteenth century, probably about the time that he wrote another famous work, the Akhlāq-i Muḥsinī. Since Kashifi died in 910/1504-05 “at a ripe old age,” this implies that he had probably already reached an age of experience and wisdom when he started to recast the collection of fables known as Kalīla wa Dimna.This is not the place to go into detail about the rich and varied history of these fables, and of their adoption in most cultures of the ancient world. It will suffice to recall only the stages of the history of this text that are directly related to the late fifteenth- century Timurid version studied here.The Pancatantra, the Sanskrit text on which Kalīla wa Dimna was based, was probably composed in Kashmir by an unknown Brahmin around 300 A.D. By using fables which had animals as the main characters, the text aimed at informing youths, who were destined for government posts, about the laws governing political life.
On a Liouville-type theorem and the Fujita blow-up phenomenon
Authors: Kartsatos A. , Kurta V. 
Published: April 2004

The main purpose of this paper is to obtain the well-known results of H. Fujita and K. Hayakawa on the nonexistence of nontrivial nonnegative global solutions for the Cauchy problem for the equation

(

∗

)

u

t

=
Δ
u
+

|

u

|

q
−
1

u

\begin{equation*} u_{t} = \Delta u + |u|^{q-1} u \tag {$\ast $} \end{equation*}

with

q
∈
(
1
,
1
+

2
n

]

q\in (1, 1+\frac {2}{n}]

on the half-space

S

:=
(
0
,
+
∞
)
×

R

n

,

n
≥
1
,

{\mathbb {S}} := (0, +\infty ) \times {\mathbb {R}}^{n},~ n\geq 1,

as a consequence of a new Liouville theorem of elliptic type for solutions of (

∗
\ast

) on

S

{\mathbb {S}}

. This new result is in turn a consequence of other new phenomena established for nonlinear evolution problems. In particular, we prove that the inequality

|

u

|

t

≥
Δ
u
+

|

u

|

q

,

\begin{equation*} |u|_{t} \geq \Delta u + |u|^{q}, \end{equation*}

has no nontrivial solutions on

S

{\mathbb {S}}

when

q
∈
(
1
,
1
+

2
n

]
.

q\in (1, 1+\frac {2}{n}].

We also show that the inequality

u

t

≥
Δ
u
+

|

u

|

q
−
1

u

\begin{equation*} u_{t} \geq \Delta u + |u|^{q-1}u \end{equation*}

has no nontrivial nonnegative solutions for

q
∈
(
1
,
1
+

2
n

]

q\in (1, 1+\frac {2}{n}]

, and it has no solutions on

S

{\mathbb {S}}

bounded below by a positive constant for

q
>
1.

q>1.
Mansfield’s imprimitivity theorem for arbitrary closed subgroups
Authors: an Huef Astrid , Raeburn Iain 
Published: April 2004

Let

δ
\delta

be a nondegenerate coaction of

G
G

on a

C
∗

C^*

-algebra

B
B

, and let

H
H

be a closed subgroup of

G
G

. The dual action

δ
^

:
H
→
Aut
⁡
(
B

×
δ

G
)

\hat \delta :H\to \operatorname {Aut}(B\times _\delta G)

is proper and saturated in the sense of Rieffel, and the generalised fixed-point algebra is the crossed product of

B
B

by the homogeneous space

G

/

H

G/H

. The resulting Morita equivalence is a version of Mansfield’s imprimitivity theorem which requires neither amenability nor normality of

H
H

.
Carlson type inequalities and embeddings of interpolation spaces
Authors: Larsson Leo 
Published: April 2004

We discuss the close relation between Carlson type inequalities
\[

‖
a

‖
X

≤
K
‖
a

‖

A
0

1
−
θ

‖
a

‖

A
1

θ

\|a\|_X\leq K\|a\|_{A_0}^{1-\theta }\|a\|_{A_1}^\theta

\]
and interpolation, and prove embedding results for real interpolation spaces, in particular into weighted

L
p

L_p

-spaces.
Rapid response car as a supplement to the helicopter in a physician‐based HEMS system
Authors: Nakstad A. R. , Sørebø H. , Heimdal H. J. , Strand T. , Sandberg M. 
Published: April 2004

Background:  The purpose of this study was to describe the use of a rapid response car (RRC) as a supplement to the ambulance helicopter in a mixed urban/rural region in Norway.Methods:  Data from all the requested missions were collected from standard flight records. Operational factors, patient characteristics, primary diagnosis, treatment and modes of transport were registered and analyzed retrospectively.Results:  In 1999–2001, a total of 4777 requests were included in the study, resulting in the initiation of 3172 helicopter and 752 RRC missions. In the RRC missions, 224 patients received advanced medical treatment that would otherwise not have been provided. For 181 patients, the availability of the RRC was crucial for receiving the treatment of the helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS). The cost of equipping the base with the RRC increased the annual budget by less than one percent.Conclusion:  The RRC was essential for solving missions in periods of non‐flying conditions. The RRC increased the availability of the advanced prehospital life support offered by the HEMS in this region. Taking the modest increase in cost into consideration, it seems reasonable that this HEMS, covering mixed urban and rural areas, is equipped with such a vehicle.
Species status and population genetic structure of grapevine eriophyoid mites
Authors: Carew Melissa E. , Goodisman Micheal A. D. , Hoffmann Ary A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBud mite, blister mite (Colomerus vitis Pagenstecher), and rust mite (Calepitrimerus vitis Nalepa) (Acari: Eriophyoidae) are recognized grapevine pests. Much of the biology and ecology of these pests is poorly understood. We used two types of molecular markers to gain further insight into the breeding biology and population structure of these mites, using individuals collected from sites around south‐eastern Australia. Patterns of genetic variation observed using PCR‐RFLP of ITS 1 (Internal Transcribed Spacer 1) confirmed the separate species status of the rust mite, and resolved the species status of bud and blister mites, revealing two closely related but distinct species. Microsatellite markers revealed extensive genetic differentiation between bud mite populations and blister mite populations even at micro‐geographical levels, suggesting low movement in these species. The findings indicate that separate control strategies are needed against bud and blister mites, and that localized control strategies are likely to be effective given their limited dispersal.
Patterns of parasitism among conopid flies parasitizing bumblebees
Authors: Otterstatter Michael Christopher 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe effects of host size and host species on the prevalence and fitness of conopid flies (Diptera: Conopidae) parasitizing bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) were investigated. Field data from nine sites across south‐western Alberta, Canada, showed that conopids parasitized, on average, 12.3% of workers and 3.5% of male bees. In general, bee mass was a better predictor of host use and conopid offspring size than bee species. Host mass could not, however, explain the very low prevalence of conopids in the long‐tongued bumblebee, Bombus californicus Smith, or in male bees in general. Conopids predominately infested bees of intermediate size, and as a result, occurred most commonly in the intermediately sized species, B. flavifrons Cresson. Host quality, in terms of conopid offspring size, increased as a non‐linear function of bee size. The results are discussed with respect to the impact of conopids on bumblebee populations, and the relation between host quality and patterns of host use.
Tryptophan recycling is responsible for the interferon‐γ resistance of Chlamydia psittaci GPIC in indoleamine dioxygenase‐expressing host cells
Authors: Wood Heidi , Roshick Christine , McClarty Grant 
Published: April 2004

SummaryComparative genomics indicates that vast differences in Chlamydia sp. host range and disease characteristics can be traced back to subtle variations in gene content within a region of the chromosome termed the plasticity zone. Genes required for tryptophan biosynthesis are located in the plasticity zone; however, the complement of genes encoded varies depending on the chlamydial species examined. Of the sequenced chlamydia genomes, Chlamydia psittaci GPIC contains the most complete tryptophan biosynthesis operon, encoding trpRDCFBA. Immediately downstream of the trp operon are genes encoding kynureninase and ribose phosphate pyrophosphokinase. Here, we show that, in GPIC, these genes are transcribed as a single transcript, the expression of which is regulated by tryptophan. Complementation analyses, using various mutant Escherichia coli isolates, indicate that the tryptophan biosynthesis, kynureninase and ribose phosphate pyrophosphokinase gene products are functional. Furthermore, growth of C. psittaci GPIC in HeLa cells, cultured in tryptophan‐free medium, could be rescued by the addition of anthranilate, kynurenine or indole. In total, our results indicate that this complement of genes enables GPIC to recycle tryptophan and thus accounts for the interferon‐γ resistant phenotype displayed in indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase‐expressing host cells.
Effective production of marker‐free transgenic strawberry plants using inducible site‐specific recombination and a bifunctional selectable marker gene
Authors: Schaart Jan G. , Krens Frans A. , Pelgrom Koen T. B. , Mendes Odette , Rouwendal Gerard J. A. 
Published: April 2004

SummaryPublic concerns about the issue of the environmental safety of genetically modified plants have led to a demand for technologies allowing the production of transgenic plants without selectable (antibiotic resistance) markers. We describe the development of an effective transformation system for generating such marker‐free transgenic plants, without the need for repeated transformation or sexual crossing. This system combines an inducible site‐specific recombinase for the precise elimination of undesired, introduced DNA sequences with a bifunctional selectable marker gene used for the initial positive selection of transgenic tissue and subsequent negative selection for fully marker‐free plants. The described system can be generally applied to existing transformation protocols, and was tested in strawberry using a model vector in which site‐specific recombination leads to a functional combination of a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and a GUS encoding sequence, thereby enabling the histochemical monitoring of recombination events. Fully marker‐free transgenic strawberry plants were obtained following two different selection/regeneration strategies.
Comparative Study of the Effects of Ceftizoxime, Piperacillin, and Piperacillin-Tazobactam Concentrations on Antibacterial Activity and Selection of Antibiotic-Resistant Mutants of
Enterobacter cloacae
and
Bacteroides fragilis
In Vitro and In Vivo in Mixed-Infection Abscesses
Authors: Stearne Lorna E. T. , van Boxtel Doret , Lemmens Nicole , Goessens Wil H. F. , Mouton Johan W. , Gyssens Inge C. 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACT

The effects of ceftizoxime (CZX), piperacillin (PIP), and PIP-tazobactam (PT) concentrations on the antibacterial activity and selection of resistant mutants of
Bacteroides fragilis
and
Enterobacter cloacae
were investigated in vitro in a mixed-culture anaerobic time-kill study and in vivo in a mixed-infection abscess model. Mixed cultures were incubated for 24 h with 0.125 to 512 μg of CZX per ml or 0.125 to 2,048 μg of PIP or PT per ml. Mice were treated every 2 h for 24 h with CZX at 6 to 1,536 mg/kg/day or with PIP or PT at 24 to 6,144 mg/kg/day starting 30 min before inoculation with different
B. fragilis
-
E. cloacae
combinations. There was a good correlation between the in vitro and in vivo activities of the antibiotics and their MICs obtained with high inocula (10
8
CFU/ml). The respective 50% effective doses (milligrams per kilogram per day) with
B. fragilis
and
E. cloacae
22491 were 771 and 521 for CZX, 416 and 643 for PIP, and 85 and 554 for PT, and with the
B. fragilis
-
E. cloacae
032349 combination, they were 81 and 21 for CZX and 77 and 766 for PT. Resistant mutants of
E. cloacae
22491 were preferentially selected in vitro with 2 to 64 μg of CZX per ml and in vivo with CZX at 12 to 384 mg/kg/day. There was no preferential selection of CZX-resistant
B. fragilis
or
E. cloacae
032349. For CZX-resistant
E. cloacae
22491, we found a 16- to 512-fold increase in the MIC of CZX and increased MICs of other expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, owing in part to the production of a stably derepressed cephalosporinase. In vitro and in vivo, PT did not select resistant mutants of
E. cloacae
and
B. fragilis
. Results demonstrate the adverse microbiological outcome of choosing an expanded-spectrum cephalosporin like CZX for empirical treatment of mixed infections involving a susceptible
Enterobacter
strain.