bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Are pastures greener?’ Residential consequences of migration
Authors: Lu Max 
Published: September 2002

AbstractResidential consequences of migration are important factors influencing households' future moving decisions. Intra‐urban mobility may result in better housing and neighbourhoods for households because such moves are usually motivated by housing adjustment. The same may be true of interregional migration because relocation provides an opportunity for housing improvements. The empirical analysis based on data from the American Housing Survey (AHS) shows that over half of intra‐urban movers and close to half of interregional migrants ended up in more desirable housing following a move, and a smaller but still substantial proportion of the movers in each group also resided in a better neighbourhood. Most of the movers were successful in improving both their housing and neighbourhood. But ‘greener pastures’ are far from being a given. Large proportions of both intra‐urban and interregional migrants failed to improve their residential conditions and many fared worse. Changes in housing and household statuses, particularly tenure shift, appear to be the most salient variable affecting households' judgement on their new residential conditions relative to their previous residence. Changes in geographical surroundings had significant effects on residential outcomes of intra‐urban mobility whereby the general preference for a suburban environment is borne out, but they did not seem to matter to interregional migrants. Most socioeconomic variables did not affect residential outcomes either, over and above their influence on tenure shift. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A sceptical view of climate change and water resources planning
Authors: Kite Geoff 
Published: September 2002

AbstractJournals, both academic and otherwise, are full of papers describing in detail the impacts of climate change, and a presumed causal link to man's activities, especially the contribution of “greenhouse gases”. Despite the abundance of funding to study the hypothesised anthropogenic link, it has yet to be demonstrated, while evidence to the contrary can readily be derived from available data. This brief paper summarises some information that may give cause for thought and suggests that environmental degradation should be of more concern than an imaginary climate change. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation‐based irrigation scheduling as a water management tool in developing countries
Authors: Endale Dinku M. , Fipps Guy 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAn Irrigation District Decision Support System (IRDDESS) is described and applied to a large irrigation scheme in the Middle Awash Valley of Ethiopia. Crop yields are simulated over a 12‐year period in order to determine which of 12 separate irrigation schedules in use meet certain specified objectives. IRDDESS is a crop growth and irrigation district simulation model capable of predicting biomass development and yields for fields varying in soil type and irrigation management scenarios. IRDDESS also tracks water demand in the distribution system. Results show which of the 12 schedules will meet specific objectives of maximizing yields or minimizing water use and illustrate the potential of such decision support system in evaluation and management of large irrigation schemes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of treated sewage irrigation on paddy rice culture and its soil
Authors: Yoon Chun G. , Kwun Soon K. , Ham Jong H. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA pilot study was performed in an experimental field at Konkuk University in Seoul, Korea, to examine the effect of treated sewage irrigation on paddy rice culture and its soil characteristics. Treated sewage irrigation did not adversely affect the growth or yield of rice; instead it resulted in about 10% (with dilution) or 50% (without dilution) greater yield than in controls. The strength of treated sewage was not a limiting factor and no lodging was observed in the rice culture even with a relatively high nitrogen concentration (up to 160 mg l−1). The paddy soil also was not generally affected, although there was an indication of salt accumulation in the field irrigated with the highest strength of treated sewage. Overall, the treated sewage irrigation to paddy rice culture was thought to be an acceptable process for final sewage disposal as long as it is adequately treated and used as a supplemental source of irrigation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatially varied flow in non‐prismatic channels. II: numerical solution and experimental verification
Authors: Kouchakzadeh S. , Kholghi M. K. , Vatankhah Mohammad‐Abadi A. R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA new governing equation was proposed for the spatially varied flows with increasing discharge, which affects the position and the depth of the control section as well as the entire water surface profile within the channel. This paper presents the use of the Newton‐Raphson method in the solution process. The results of the computational model were compared with experimental data and with the output of the traditional equation. It was indicated that because of incorporating the expansion factor of the non‐prismatic channels, the proposed equation is able to represent the experimental data very well and hence is superior to the traditional equation for design purposes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uniformity of N‐fertiliser spreading and risk of ground water contamination
Authors: Tissot S. , Miserque O. , Mostade O. , Huyghebaert B. , Destain J. P. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe uniformity of fertiliser spreading mainly depends on the evenness of the transversal distribution. During the last few years, more than 300 fertiliser spreaders have been tested on farms. The results have shown big differences between machines (coefficient of variation, CV, between 5 and more than 50%). The spreading homogeneity is linked to spreader features, fertiliser characteristics and user skills.The contamination of ground water by nitrogen depends on the locally applied quantity of fertiliser. Using farm spreading patterns, a simulation of the risk of contamination has been established, based on the increase of typical spreading errors. The risk of ground water contamination is assessed by using curves of residual nitrogen observed under field conditions in Belgium. It is thus possible to determine an acceptable level of fertiliser spreading heterogeneity. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increasing water productivity through deficit irrigation: evidence from the Indus plains of Pakistan
Authors: Sarwar Asad , Perry Chris 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWater shortage shifts attention from the traditional concept of crop yield—production per unit of land—to the productivity of water—production per unit of water. Whether this parameter is best increased through responsive, sophisticated irrigation scheduling or through predetermined schedules, providing limited water, has been a contentious issue for some years. This paper brings together modelling studies from Pakistan that address this issue, as well as raising the question of whether deficit irrigation threatens sustainability through the build‐up of salts in the soil profile.It is shown that under conditions of plentiful water, highest productivity is achieved when irrigation is precisely scheduled to meet crop needs. However, when water is short its productivity is substantially increased (by almost 50%) by deficit irrigation. No salt problem occurs as long as amount of water applied through irrigation is sufficient to meet 80% of the total crop evapotranspiration. Under limited water conditions, the productivity achieved is little affected by setting predetermined irrigation schedules, allowing the operating agency to concentrate on reliability of service. Finally, it is also shown that the salt build‐up is independent of irrigation scheduling. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clusters of attributes and well‐being in the USA
Authors: Hirschberg Joseph G. , Maasoumi Esfandiar , Slottje Daniel J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractUsing ARIMA models and entropy, the dynamic evolution of several functions of aggregate income and other attributes of well‐being is analysed for statistical ‘similarity’ in order to determine potentially distinct dimensions in multidimensional analysis of welfare and quality of life in the USA. The entropy metric compares entire distributions and is more general than principal components and other correlation‐based techniques for clustering. To help macroeconomic policy makers, we compare the distribution of several composite measures of well‐being which include income, with the distribution of some common measures of aggregate income over the period 1915–1995. Per capita disposable income and growth in GNP are statistically distinct dimensions of well‐being. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small‐system modelling of real wages, inflation, unemployment and output per capita in Italy 1970–1994
Authors: Marcellino Massimiliano , Mizon Grayham E. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe relationships between real wages, output per capita, inflation and unemployment in Italy between 1970 and 1994 are modelled using a cointegrated vector autoregression. There is evidence of a change in the underlying equilibria and in the dynamic evolution of the variables, probably associated with the substantial changes in many sectors of the Italian economy after 1979. Alternative ways to model structural change in the Italian labour market are considered. In adopting a split‐sample approach the results favour an hysteresis interpretation of unemployment. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
This is what the leading indicators lead
Authors: Camacho Maximo , Perez‐Quiros Gabriel 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe propose an optimal filter to transform the Conference Board Composite Leading Index (CLI) into recession probabilities in the US economy. We also analyse the CLI's accuracy at anticipating US output growth. We compare the predictive performance of linear, VAR extensions of smooth transition regression and switching regimes, probit, non‐parametric models and conclude that a combination of the switching regimes and non‐parametric forecasts is the best strategy at predicting both the NBER business cycle schedule and GDP growth. This confirms the usefulness of CLI, even in a real‐time analysis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Osteoblast culture on polished titanium disks modified with phosphonic acids
Authors: Viornery Carine , Guenther Harald L. , Aronsson Björn‐Owe , Péchy Péter , Descouts Pierre , Grätzel Michael 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTitanium is widely used in dental implants due to its suitable physical properties and its good biocompatibility. However, it is integrated into bone only passively, and the resulting fixation in the bone, which is necessary for the function, is mainly mechanical in nature. With the objective of increasing the chemical interaction between the implant and the bone tissue, several phosphonic acids were synthesized and grafted onto titanium disks. Here we report on the proliferation, differentiation, and protein production of rat osteoblastic cells (CRP10/30) on phosphonic‐acid‐modified titanium surfaces studied in vitro. No statistical differences were found in osteoblast proliferation among the phosphonic‐acid‐modified titanium, unmodified titanium, and tissue culture plastic (used as a positive control), indicating that the phosphonic acids used were not cytotoxic to the osteoblasts used. For all surfaces (modified or not), the alkaline phosphatase activity was at least as good as it was on tissue culture plastic. However, the total amount of protein, and especially the collagen type I synthesis, was sensitive to surface modification. On titanium modified with ethane‐1,1,2‐triphosphonic acid, the total amount of synthesized protein was significantly higher than it was on unmodified titanium surfaces. A significant increase (up to 16%) of collagen type I production was observed on titanium surfaces modified with this acid or with methylenediphosphonic acid compared to unmodified titanium surfaces. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 62: 149–155, 2002
Mineralization followup with the use of NMR spectroscopy and others
Authors: Legrand André P. , Bresson Bruno , Guidoin Robert , Famery Roger 
Published: September 2002

AbstractHigh‐resolution solid state NMR spectroscopy appears to be a powerful method for a better understanding of bone structures and bone substitutes and implants. It is particularly efficient to estimate osteoformation via bioceramic bone colonization. Pathological calcification occurring in bioprosthetic heart valves and breast prostheses can be characterized as a complement to X‐ray spectrometry. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63: 390–395, 2002
The biodegradation mechanism of calcium phosphate biomaterials in bone
Authors: Lu Jianxi , Descamps Michel , Dejou Jacques , Koubi Gilles , Hardouin Pierre , Lemaitre Jacques , Proust Jean‐Pierre 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis study was undertaken to understand the biodegradation mechanisms of calcium phosphate (Ca‐P) biomaterials with different crystallization. Two types of sintered Ca‐P porous ceramic (HA and β‐TCP) and a Ca‐P bone cement (CPC) were implanted into cavities drilled in rabbit femoral and tibiae condyles. The results have shown that a material biodegradation was rapid in the β‐TCP and the CPC, but very weak in the HA. This biodegradation presented a decrease of material volume from the periphery to the center as well as a particle formation causing phagocytosis by numerous macrophages and multinucleated giant cells in the CPC. In the β‐TCP, there was a peripheral and central decrease of material volume as well as an absence of particle formation or visible phagocytosis. The process of biodegradation is considered to be directly influenced by the type of material crystallization. The sintered bioceramics processed at a high temperature exhibit good crystallization and are primarily degraded by a process dependent on interstitial liquids. However, the bone cement is formed by physicochemical crystallization and is degraded through a dissolution process associated with a cellular process. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63: 408–412, 2002
A Symmetry adapted tessellation of the GEPOL surface: applications to molecular properties in solution
Authors: Pomelli Christian Silvio , Tomasi Jacopo , Cammi Roberto 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA procedure to partition the GEPOL molecular surface into tesserae that respects the molecular symmetry constraints is presented. Using this method it is possible to build a solvent reaction field for the Polarizable Continuum Model with the same symmetry of the nuclear potential. Several applications are reported and discussed to evaluate the performance of this new procedure. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1262–1272, 2001
MD‐based CD calculations for the assignment of the absolute axial configuration of the naphthylisoquinoline alkaloid dioncophylline A
Authors: Bringmann Gerhard , Mühlbacher Jörg , Repges Charlotte , Fleischhauer Jörg 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe circular dichroism (CD) of the biaryl alkaloid dioncophylline A (2) was investigated by CD calculations; the structures were generated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the force field CVFF. From these structures the CD spectra were calculated with the semiempirical method CNDO/2S. Summing up the single CD spectra yielded the final spectrum. In contrast to our earlier method based on the Boltzmann weighting, the MD‐assisted approach permitted to assign the flexible biaryl axis of dioncophylline A (2), which is found to be P. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1273–1278, 2001
First‐principles conformational analysis of the C36H36 spheriphane, a prototype hydrocarbon host cage
Authors: Cioslowski Jerzy , Szarecka Agnieszka 
Published: September 2002

AbstractComprehensive B3LYP/6‐311G** electronic structure calculations establish that, unlike closely related species such as cyclophanes, the C36H36 spheriphane (heptacyclo[13.13.21,15.28,22.13,27.16,10.113,17.120,24] hexatriaconta‐1,3(33),6,8,10(34),13,15,17(35),20,22,24(36),27‐dodecaene) possesses only seven energetically distinct conformers, out of which five exist in enantiomeric pairs and two are achiral. These local energy minima are interrelated through an intricate net of 20 reaction paths involving single inversions at the CH2 CH2bridges. In particular, the T and C3 conformers, which are predicted to coexist in comparable concentrations at ambient temperatures, are linked through three consecutive single‐bridge inversions that proceed through the overall barrier of only 5.3 (kcal/mol). This barrier is compatible with coalescence temperatures well below those employed in the recently measured 1H and 13C NMR spectra, explaining the observed lack of line splittings. Both the T→C3 pathway and the racemizations of the low‐energy conformers involve C1 and C2 intermediates that are expected to be present in detectable amounts. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1279–1286, 2001
Decorin transfection in human mesangial cells downregulates genes playing a role in the progression of fibrosis
Authors: Costacurta Antonia , Priante Giovanna , D'Angelo Angela , Chieco‐Bianchi Luigi , Cantaro Salvatore 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe proteoglycan decorin inhibits TGF‐β; therefore, it could antagonize progression of fibrotic diseases associated with activation of TGF‐β1. The effect of decorin transfection in human mesangial cells (HMCs) on the expression of genes related to kidney fibrosis was investigated. HMCs, isolated from glomeruli of healthy portions of human kidneys removed due to carcinoma, were histochemically typed. Decorin cDNA cloned in a eukaryotic expression vector was transfected into HMCs. Gene expression of fibrogenetic cytokines and fibrotic proteins TGF‐β1, PDGF‐β, α1 collagen type IV, α1 collagen type I, fibronectin, and tenascin was analyzed, by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), 24 hr after transfection. Immunoblotting analysis of protein extracts using anti‐decorin IgG, revealed a positive signal of about 52 MDa, corresponding to the molecular weight of decorin, in cultures transfected with the decorin gene. Decorin mRNA increased about 12 times in cultures transfected with the construct pCR3.1‐Deco. Cells with increased decorin synthesis showed a 61% decrease of TGF‐β1 mRNA, a 71% reduction of α1 collagen type IV mRNA, and a 29% reduction of fibronectin mRNA. This study is the first to investigate decorin transfection into human mesangial cells, and supports the use of the decorin gene to control the progression of glomerular and interstitial fibrosis in kidney diseases. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bidirectional (positive/negative) interference of spironolactone, canrenone, and potassium canrenoate on serum digoxin measurement: elimination of interference by measuring free digoxin or using a chemiluminescent assay for digoxin
Authors: Dasgupta Amitava , Saffer Helene , Wells Alice , Datta Pradip 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSpironolactone and potassium canrenoate (aldosterone antagonist diuretics) are often used with digoxin in clinical practice. Spironolactone, potassium canrenoate, and their common metabolite canrenone cross‐react with the fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) for digoxin, and can falsely elevate serum digoxin concentrations. Serum digoxin concentrations were falsely lowered when the microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) was used. Aliquots of drug‐free serum were supplemented with therapeutic and above‐therapeutic concentrations of spironolactone, canrenone, and potassium canrenoate, and apparent digoxin activities were measured. We observed digoxin‐like activities in the FPIA, but observed no activity with the MEIA or the chemiluminescent assay (CLIA). However, when serum digoxin pools prepared from patients receiving digoxin were supplemented with these compounds, we observed suppression of total digoxin levels with the MEIA. In contrast, no interference was observed in the presence of these compounds when CLIA was used for digoxin measurement. These compounds are strongly protein‐bound, and no apparent digoxin activity was observed in the protein‐free ultrafiltrate when drug‐free sera were spiked with high levels of these compounds. Taking advantage of strong protein binding of these compounds and weak protein binding of digoxin (25%), interference of spironolactone, canrenone, and potassium canrenoate in FPIA and MEIA digoxin assays can be mostly eliminated by monitoring free digoxin concentration. Another approach to avoid this interference is to use the CLIA digoxin assay. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human immunodeficiency virus genotype and hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Anderson Soni J. , Bradley John F. , Ferreira‐Gonzalez Andrea , Garrett Carleton T. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMany HIV patients develop a progressive syndrome of abnormal body fat distribution accompanied by hypertriglyceridemia. Antiretroviral agents are thought to be etiologic in the syndrome, often termed “highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)‐associated lipodystrophy.” In the course of clinical HIV genotype testing, we observed that our HIV patients with hypertriglyceridemia had viral genotypes that were more highly mutated than those of our therapy‐matched control patients. Hypertriglyceridemia was statistically associated with predicted resistance for three nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors: zidovudine, abacavir, and stavudine. Statistical analysis of 51 patients in retrospect revealed a strong association of mutations at reverse transcriptase codons M41 and T215 with hypertriglyceridemia (chi‐square (χ2) = 8.375, P=.0038; and χ2=7.445, P=.0064, respectively). This was in contrast to silent mutations, which occurred at equivalent rates in retroviral genotypes of patients with and without hypertriglyceridemia. The findings imply that the HIV genotype itself may be a significant etiologic factor in antiretroviral‐associated lipodystrophy. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Semiquantitative analysis of urinary low protein levels using silver dot blot assay
Authors: Matsuda Kazuyuki , Hiratsuka Nobuo , Kurihara Yuriko , Shiba Kiyoko 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe designed a semiquantitative analysis of urinary low protein levels using silver dot blot assay. In this method, 3 μl of urine are blotted to one dot onto a cellulose acetate membrane, which is stained by a colloidal silver staining reagent, and the optical density of the silver stained urinary protein is measured at 500 nm using a densitometer. There was a good linearity between 2.5 mg/L and 100 mg/L and a gentle linearity between 100 mg/L and 200 mg/L, and the minimum sensitivity was 2.5 mg/L. This method is suitable for semiquantitative analysis of urinary protein levels less than 300 mg/L, which can not be determined precisely by dipstick. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:171–174, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.