bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AFRIMETS.L-S6 supplementary comparison: comparison on hand instruments (50 mm micrometer setting piece, 0-25 mm and 50-75 mm external micrometers)
Authors: Gandah Burnhard Panda , Nzimande Zanele 
Published: November 2023

Main text
Nine AFRIMETS National Metrology Institutes participated in an interlaboratory comparison on hand instruments sponsored by PTB Germany during the period 2019 to 2022. SIRDC NMI piloted the comparison. Travelling artefacts included 0-25 mm and 50-75 mm external micrometers. External micrometer errors of indicated size were determined by taking measurements at 2.5 mm, 5.1 mm, 7.7 mm, 10.3 mm, 12.9 mm, 15 mm, 17.6 mm, 20.2 mm, 22.8 mm, 25 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm, 70 mm and 75 mm nominal positions. The NMIs also used different types of equipment and techniques to measure the length of a micrometer setting rod that was provided with the 50-75 mm external micrometer.
Measurement results taken on wrong nominal positions by one participant were not included in the final report. Those by another participant, not supported by a valid uncertainty budget, were excluded from reference value calculation. Reference values (RV) and their associated uncertainties were obtained using weighted mean method after outlier elimination. Birge ratios confirmed statistical consistency of data sets used for determination of RV. Degrees of equivalence of the participants were indicated by evaluated normalised Error (En) values. Most of the results reported show agreement with the reference values. Here we present the final results of the external micrometers comparison.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Analysis of a regular black hole in Verlinde’s gravity
Authors: Araújo Filho A A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This work focuses on the examination of a regular black hole within Verlinde’s emergent gravity, specifically investigating the Hayward-like (modified) solution. The study reveals the existence of three horizons under certain conditions, i.e. an event horizon and two Cauchy horizons. Our results indicate regions which phase transitions occur based on the analysis of heat capacity and Hawking temperature. To compute the latter quantity, we utilize three distinct methods: the surface gravity approach, Hawking radiation, and the application of the first law of thermodynamics. In the case of the latter approach, it is imperative to introduce a correction to ensure the preservation of the Bekenstein–Hawking area law. Geodesic trajectories and critical orbits (photon spheres) are calculated, highlighting the presence of three light rings. Additionally, we investigate the black hole shadows. Furthermore, the quasinormal modes are explored using third- and sixth-order Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximations. In particular, we observe stable and unstable oscillations for certain frequencies. Finally, in order to comprehend the phenomena of time-dependent scattering in this scenario, we provide an investigation of the time-domain solution.
A p-type dopable ultrawide-bandgap oxide
Authors: Lyons John L , Janotti Anderson 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A major shortcoming of ultrawide-bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors is unipolar doping, in which either n-type or p-type conductivity is typically possible, but not both within the same material. For UWBG oxides, the issue is usually the p-type conductivity, which is inhibited by a strong tendency to form self-trapped holes (small polarons) in the material. Recently, rutile germanium oxide (r-GeO2), with a band gap near 4.7 eV, was identified as a material that might break this paradigm. However, the predicted acceptor ionization energies are still relatively high (∼0.4 eV), limiting p-type conductivity. To assess whether r-GeO2 is an outlier due to its crystal structure, the properties of a set of rutile oxides are calculated and compared. Hybrid density functional calculations indicate that rutile TiO2 and SnO2 strongly trap holes at acceptor impurities, consistent with previous work. Self-trapped holes are found to be unstable in r-SiO2, a metastable polymorph that has a band gap near 8.5 eV. Group-III acceptor ionization energies are also found to be lowest among the rutile oxides and approach those of GaN. Acceptor impurities have sufficiently low formation energies to not be compensated by donors such as oxygen vacancies, at least under O-rich limit conditions. Based on the results, it appears that r-SiO2 has the potential to exhibit the most efficient p-type conductivity when compared to other UWBG oxides.
Post-quantum nonlocality in the minimal triangle scenario
Authors: Pozas-Kerstjens Alejandro , Girardin Antoine , Kriváchy Tamás , Tavakoli Armin , Gisin Nicolas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We investigate network nonlocality in the triangle scenario when all three parties have no input and binary outputs. Through an explicit example, we prove that this minimal scenario supports nonlocal correlations compatible with no-signaling and independence of the three sources, but not with realisations based on independent quantum or classical sources. This nonlocality is robust to noise. Moreover, we identify the equivalent to a Popescu-Rohrlich box in the minimal triangle scenario.
DFT studies on structural stability, vibrational and linear and nonlinear optical properties of low-dimensional zinc sulfide: from the 3D bulk to the 2D monolayer and the 1D zigzag single-walled nanotubes
Authors: Masri Rimel , Larbi Tarek , Nehdi Kamel , Doll Klaus , Amlouk Mosbah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Through first-principles calculations, we investigate structural stability, vibrational and linear and nonlinear optical properties of the zinc sulfide (ZnS) in different periodic forms ranging from the 3D bulk to the 2D hexagonal monolayer and their corresponding 1D zigzag single-walled nanotubes. To first order, the electronic wave function on the ground state was constructed using linear combinations of Gaussian-type functions at the DFT/B3LYP level. Then, the Raman and IR spectrum is computed by adopting a Coupled-Perturbed-Hartree–Fock/Kohn–Sham (CPHF/KS) approach. Cohesive, relaxation, and rolling energies, elastic and piezoelectric constants, electronic and nuclear contributions to the polarizability tensor, and nonlinear first and second-order hyperpolarizability tensor components are reported. Our study shows that 3D and 2D forms are stable and show semiconducting behavior, good piezoelectric responses, and fascinating linear and nonlinear optical properties. For 1D single-walled nanotubes, dynamic stability is observed only for the smallest (6,0) nanotubes. For n > 6, imaginary mode frequencies in the simulated IR and Raman spectra indicate dynamic instability. A scanning mode procedure along the largest imaginary vibrational mode is applied in order to determine the stable structures of the largest (14,0), (18,0) and (22,0) ZnS nanotubes. After that, no more imaginary phonon frequencies are detected in their vibrational spectra. Their potential energy surface contains two minima between a saddle point corresponding to a slightly distorted nanotube structure. Our study proves that the zinc sulfide nanostructures possess diverse physical properties so useful for potential applications in nanoelectronics and for nanodevices.
Adaptive thermally tunable radiative cooling with angle insensitivity using phase-change-material-based metasurface
Authors: Boşdurmaz Ekin Bircan , Ghobadi Amir , Özbay Ekmel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Radiative cooling is the passive cooling of a material with the help of a specific spectral response to emit thermal energy into space through atmospheric transparency windows. However, most of the proposed designs have no dynamically tunable emission response. In this paper, we present a feasible inverse pyramid structure made of a phase change material (PCM) on top of a metallic mirror to realize an adaptive radiative cooler with almost angle-independent emission response. The design uses the thermally controlled PCM called Samarium nickelate (SmNiO3) to actively tune the spectral response of the design, which, in turn, allows the design to radiatively cool itself. The emission response of the design is compatible with atmospheric transmissive windows. As the design heated up to higher temperatures, the peak of the emission spectrum red-shifts and moves toward the atmospheric transparency window.
The morphology of exciting dark matter and the galactic 511 keV signal
Authors: Cappiello Christopher V. , Jafs Michael , Vincent Aaron C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We study the morphology of the 511 keV signal that could be produced by exciting dark matter (XDM) in the Milky Way. In this model, collisions between dark matter particles excite the dark matter to a state that can then decay back to the ground state, releasing an electron-positron pair. These electrons and positrons would then annihilate, producing 511 keV photons that could explain the 511 keV signal seen by INTEGRAL at the Galactic Center. We compare the resulting flux with the most recent INTEGRAL data, performing the first full statistical analysis of the exciting dark matter model. We focus on exciting dark matter in the mass and cross section ranges 100 GeV ≲ mχ
≲ 3 TeV and 10-19 cm3 s-1 〈σv〉 10-16 cm3 s-1. We show that exciting dark matter can provide a significantly better fit than the simpler case of annihilating dark matter, with Δχ
2 > 16 for all but one of the density profiles we consider.
Primordial black holes from a curvaton scenario with strongly non-Gaussian perturbations
Authors: Gow Andrew , Miranda Tays , Nurmi Sami 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We investigate the production of primordial black holes (PBHs) in a mixed inflaton-curvaton scenario with a quadratic curvaton potential, assuming the curvaton is in de Sitter equilibrium during inflation with 〈χ〉 = 0. In this setup, the curvature perturbation sourced by the curvaton is strongly non-Gaussian, containing no leading Gaussian term. We show that for m
2/H
2 ≳ 0.3, the curvaton contribution to the spectrum of primordial perturbations on CMB scales can be kept negligible but on small scales the curvaton can source PBHs. In particular, PBHs in the asteroid mass range 10-16
M
⊙ ≲ M ≲ 10-10
M
⊙ with an abundance reaching F
PBH = 1 can be produced when the inflationary Hubble scale H ≳ 1012 GeV and the curvaton decay occurs in the window from slightly before the electroweak transition to around the QCD transition.
Effects of the resonance modification by electron cyclotron current drive on the linear and nonlinear dynamics of energetic particle driven magnetohydrodynamics modes in Heliotron J
Authors: Adulsiriswad P. , Todo Y. , Yamamoto S. , Kado S. , Kobayashi S. , Ohshima S. , Okada H. , Minami T. , Nakamura Y. , Ishizawa A. , Konoshima S. , Mizuuchi T. , Nagasaki K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the effects of electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) on the linear and nonlinear dynamics of energetic-particle (EP)-driven magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) instability (mode) in Heliotron J (HJ), using MEGA, a nonlinear hybrid EP-MHD simulation code. The effects of ECCD are included through the modification of the equilibrium magnetic field. Five MHD equilibria with plasma currents (

I

p

) of −2.00, −1.00, 0.00, 0.50, and 1.00 kA are considered, where negative and positive

I

p

represent counter and co-ECCD, respectively. To account for the EP finite charge-exchange loss observed in HJ, a bump-on-tail velocity distribution is assumed for EP. The study finds that the stabilization trends in terms of the linear growth rate (

γ

ω
A

−
1

) are qualitatively similar to the FAR3D linear simulation and experimental results. In addition to the enhancements of the local magnetic shear and continuum damping by ECCD as proposed in previous studies, the study suggests that changes in the linear EP and shear Alfvén wave resonance are another important factor, especially for the

n

/

m
=
1

/

2

mode. The study shows that in the currentless equilibrium, the high-velocity toroidicity-induced resonance between the

n

/

m
=
1

/

2

mode and the co-passing EP (

L
=
−
1

) has the highest EP energy transfer rate, but is located slightly below the NBI injection velocity. The co-ECCD and cntr-ECCD can shift this resonance into higher and lower velocity regions, respectively. This can lead to resonance removal for co-ECCD, while cntr-ECCD can initially increase the number of resonant EPs for a small value of shift. If the shift of the resonance by cntr-ECCD is sufficiently large, the study observes stabilization due to the reduction in the EP population in the low-velocity region. The study also finds that changes in resonance affect nonlinear dynamics such as EP transport and frequency chirping. The convective transport of the co- and counter-passing EPs can be controlled, which can only be achieved for energetic-particle-mode due to the asymmetry in the resonance velocity between co- and cntr-passing EPs. The changes in the frequency chirping from the downward chirping branch to the upward chirping branch can also be explained by the changes in the resonance velocity caused by ECCD.
Carer involvement in medication adherence: carer views and experiences of facilitating medication adherence using pharmacy-filled multi-compartment medication compliance aids and other methods of adherence support—a questionnaire survey
Authors: Thielemans Lieze , Chin Katherine , Hegarty Alice , Schiff Rebekah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Unpaid carers are an increasing proportion of the UK population. One of the many ways in which they help those they care for is assisting with medication adherence. Many older adults have medicines dispensed in pharmacy-filled multi-compartment medication compliance aids (pMCAs). However, evidence suggests that pMCAs may increase medication-related harm, and little is known about the interaction between the user, medication adherence systems and the carer.

Aim
To explore the views of carers supporting older adults to manage their medications with and without a pMCA.

Method
A researcher-administered questionnaire survey of carers supporting older adults to manage their medicines with or without a pMCA. Participants were recruited from inpatient wards, outpatient clinics and community services in central London. Responses were analysed by two independent researchers to identify overarching themes.

Results
Eighty-eight unpaid carers were interviewed and responses were categorised according to the medication adherence method used; 47 supported a user with a pMCA and 41 supported without a pMCA. The main themes were: Time, Responsibility and Mistakes, Waste and Sustainability, and Polypharmacy, with sub-themes of design of multi-compartment medication compliance aids, organisation and reassurance.

Conclusion
Supporting medication adherence puts considerable burden on carers regardless of whether a self- or pharmacy-filled medication compliance aid is used or not. Prescribers could alleviate this burden through regular medication review by considering the prescribing frequency and duration and medication rationalisation. Redesign of both pMCAs and systems surrounding their use could also help reduce carer’s burden and environmental burden.
Food quantity and the intensity of the alarm signal combine to modulate the resource selection in a termite species
Authors: Silva Aline N F , Silva Cátila R , Santos Renan E C , Arce Carla C M , Araújo Ana Paula A , Cristaldo Paulo F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Maximizing food intake while minimizing risk is an important trade-off in the foraging behavior of most animals. In general, foragers are vulnerable and the ability to trade off benefits (food quantity) against costs (risk of being killed) may provide a considerable ecological advantage. Despite the increasing number of studies, the effects of food quantity and mortality risk signals on resource selection in eusocial insect is not well understood. Here, we investigated the combination of distinct levels of food quantity and the intensity of alarm signal on resource selection of a Neotropical termite, Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky) (Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae). Manipulative bioassays with binary and multiple choices were conducted over time to check the recruitment of termite groups among resources containing different levels of food quantity and alarm signals. Overall, our results showed that regardless of food quantity, termites avoid a food source if there is even a small amount of alarm signal. This work contributes to a better understanding of habitat use by termite species. Furthermore, it shows for the first time the combined effects of food quantity and alarm signals on the resource selection of an important ecological and economic termite species.
Bridging the cytogenetic gap in Trichoptera (Insecta): first karyotypic data on Neotropical species and insights into chromosomal evolution in caddisflies
Authors: Lovaglio Diez María , Bressa María J , Rodríguez Gil Sergio G , Papeschi Alba G , Sganga Julieta V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Trichoptera are a diverse group of insects with aerial adults and aquatic immature stages. Despite their importance in freshwater environments, fundamental aspects of their biology are unknown, and no chromosomal studies have been performed in Neotropical species. The aim of this study was to provide the first cytogenetic analysis of four Trichoptera species from the Neotropics. We analysed the meiotic development and chromosome behaviour in Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) pampeana Flint (Annulipalpia: Hydropsychidae), Marilia flexuosa Ulmer (Integripalpia: Odontoceridae), Triplectides misionensis Holzenthal (Integripalpia: Leptoceridae), and Grumicha grumicha (Vallot) (Integripalpia: Sericostomatidae) by conventional cytogenetic procedures. The chromosome numbers are 2n = 31/32 (female/male) in S. (R.) pampeana, 2n = 57 (female) in M. flexuosa, 2n = 47 (female) in T. misionensis, and 2n = 35 (female) in G. grumicha. All four species have a simple sex chromosome system Z/ZZ (female/male). Females are the heterogametic sex, and their meiosis is achiasmatic. Our results together with available cytogenetic data provide more information on the karyology of Trichoptera and contribute to the current scientific knowledge of the possible mechanisms involved in chromosomal evolution. Based on all the evidence, we propose the existence of possible positive relationships between biological traits, ecological strategies, and cytogenetic features in Trichoptera.
False-Reactive Fourth-Generation Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing in Cancer Patients
Authors: Chiu Chia-Yu , Mustafayev Khalis , Bhatti Micah M , Jiang Ying , Granwehr Bruno P , Torres Harrys A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
The fourth-generation (4th-gen) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1/2 antibody/antigen (Ab/Ag) combination immunoassay currently used for HIV screening offers greater sensitivity than previous assays, but false-reactive results occur in up to 20% of patients. Large-scale observations in cancer patients are lacking.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of cancer patients seen at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (March 2016–January 2023) who had reactive 4th-gen ARCHITECT HIV-1/2 Ab/Ag combination immunoassay results. We analyzed characteristics of patients with true-reactive and false-reactive results, defined based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria.

Results
A total of 43 637 patients underwent 4th-gen HIV screening, and 293 had reactive 4th-gen HIV test results. Twenty-one patients were excluded because they did not have cancer. Among the remaining 272 patients, 78 (29%) had false-reactive results. None of these patients experienced delays in their cancer treatment, but 26% experienced mental distress. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified 5 predictors of having false-reactive results: age &gt;60 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 6.983; P &lt; .0001), female sex (aOR, 6.060; P &lt; .0001), race/ethnicity (Black: aOR, 0.274; Hispanic: aOR, 0.236; P = .002), syphilis coinfection (aOR, 0.046; P = .038), and plant alkaloids therapy (aOR, 2.870; P = .013).

Conclusions
False-reactive 4th-gen HIV test results occur in almost one-third of cancer patients. Physicians should be aware of the high rates of false-reactive HIV screening results in this patient population. These findings may have implications for counseling regarding testing, especially among those at low risk for HIV infection.
International Law and the Agony of Animals in Industrial Meat Production
Authors: Nollkaemper André 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
International law leaves states and meat-producing corporations full freedom to annually subject billions of animals to extreme suffering during intensive meat production. In the last two decades, the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) has taken the lead in developing international standards for animal welfare. WOAH alone will not be able to restrict the liberty of international law, given the fact that demanding legal standards may hinder the push to provide nutrients to a growing world population and given global diversity in socio-economic situations, consumer preferences for meat products and cultural values. However, the push to regulate meat production has received new impulses from international institutions that seek to address adverse impacts of industrial animal farming on human interests – in particular, global health, climate change and biodiversity. As yet, this has done little to restrain the freedom under international law to subject farm animals to suffering, but it has expanded the grounds for future global agreements to regulate industrial farming as well as the range of principles and institutions that together constitute the framework within which decisions on industrial meat production that may benefit animal welfare have to be taken.
Two zebrafish cacna1s loss-of-function variants provide models of mild and severe CACNA1S-related myopathy
Authors: Endo Yukari , Groom Linda , Wang Sabrina M , Pannia Emanuela , Griffiths Nigel W , Van Gennip Jenica L M , Ciruna Brian , Laporte Jocelyn , Dirksen Robert T , Dowling James J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
CACNA1S-related myopathy, due to pathogenic variants in the CACNA1S gene, is a recently described congenital muscle disease. Disease associated variants result in loss of gene expression and/or reduction of Cav1.1 protein stability. There is an incomplete understanding of the underlying disease pathomechanisms and no effective therapies are currently available. A barrier to the study of this myopathy is the lack of a suitable animal model that phenocopies key aspects of the disease. To address this barrier, we generated knockouts of the two zebrafish CACNA1S paralogs, cacna1sa and cacna1sb. Double knockout fish exhibit severe weakness and early death, and are characterized by the absence of Cav1.1 α1 subunit expression, abnormal triad structure, and impaired excitation-contraction coupling, thus mirroring the severe form of human CACNA1S-related myopathy. A double mutant (cacna1sa homozygous, cacna1sb heterozygote) exhibits normal development, but displays reduced body size, abnormal facial structure, and cores on muscle pathologic examination, thus phenocopying the mild form of human CACNA1S-related myopathy. In summary, we generated and characterized the first cacna1s zebrafish loss-of-function mutants, and show them to be faithful models of severe and mild forms of human CACNA1S-related myopathy suitable for future mechanistic studies and therapy development.