bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An HA/PEEK scaffold with modified crystallinity via 3D-bioprinting for multiple applications in hard tissue engineering
Authors: Chen Jiahao , Xiao Jingyi , Han Xue , Sima Xiutian , Guo Weihua 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Hard tissues, especially teeth and bones, are highly mineralized and the large-scale defect or total loss of them is irreversible. There is still no ideal strategy for the reconstruction of various hard tissue defects that can achieve the balance between biological and mechanical properties. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has the potential to substitute for natural hard tissue in defect areas but is limited by its biological inertness. The addition of hydroxyapatite (HA) can significantly improve the osteogenic properties and osteointegration of PEEK materials. But the mechanical properties of HA/PEEK scaffolds are far from satisfaction making scaffolds easy to fracture. We put forward a strategy to balance the mechanical and biological properties of HA/PEEK scaffolds via the regulation of the inner crystallinity and HA mixing ratio and we systematically evaluated the modified HA/PEEK scaffolds through material characterization, in vitro and in vivo experiments. And we found that the 20%HA/PEEK scaffolds with low crystallinity achieved the required strength and elasticity, and exhibited the characteristics of promoting the proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The results of the implantation of beagles’ teeth, mandible and rib showed that the 20%HA/PEEK scaffold with low crystallinity could well withstand the local complex force in the defect area and combine well with natural bone tissue, which made it a candidate for a practical versatile hard tissue engineering scaffold.
Cell sheet-based in vitro bone defect model for long term evaluation of bone repair materials
Authors: Gao Jing , Li Yuqi , Wu Tingting , Zhou Xinting , Feng Jie , Cai Yixuan , Guan Shuwen , Dai Zhengning , Han Jianmin , Gao Botao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Development of tissue-engineered in vitro human bone defect models for evaluation of bone repair materials (BRMs) is a promising approach for addressing both translational and ethical concerns regarding animal models. In this study, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell sheets were stacked to form a periosteum like tissue. HE staining showed a cell-dense, multilayered structure. BRMs were implanted in the defect area of the three-dimensional (3D) model. The CCK-8 test demonstrated that the 3D model was stronger in resisting the cytotoxicity of three kinds of commercial BRMs than the 2D culture model, which was consistent with in vivo results. After 28 d implantation in the 3D model, western blot and RT-qPCR showed that three materials induced increased expressions of RUNX2, OSX, OCN, OPN, while Materials B and C seemed to have stronger osteoinductivity than A. In vivo experiments also confirmed the osteoinductivity of the BRMs after 28 and 182 d implantation. Alizarin red staining proved that the mineralized nodules of Materials B and C were more than that of A. The differences of osteogenic properties among three BMRs might be attributed to calcium ion release. This cell sheet-based bone tissue model can resist cytotoxicity of BRMs, demonstrating the priority of long-term evaluation of osteoinductivity of BRMs. Further, the osteoinduction results of the 3D model corresponded to that of in vivo experiments, suggesting this model may have a potential to be used as a novel tool for rapid, accurate evaluation of BRMs, and thus shorten their research and development process.
Noncommutative geometry and deformation quantization in the quantum Hall fluids with inhomogeneous magnetic fields
Authors: Palumbo Giandomenico 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It is well known that noncommutative geometry naturally emerges in the quantum Hall states due to the presence of strong and constant magnetic fields. Here, we discuss the underlying noncommutative geometry of quantum Hall fluids in which the magnetic fields are spatially inhomogenoeus. We analyze these cases by employing symplectic geometry and Fedosov’s deformation quantization, which rely on symplectic connections and Fedosov’s star-product. Through this formalism, we unveil some new features concerning the static limit of the Haldane’s unimodular metric and the Girvin–MacDonald–Platzman algebra of the density operators, which plays a central role in the fractional quantum Hall effect.
Revisiting weak values through non-normality
Authors: Ballesteros Ferraz Lorena , Muolo Riccardo , Caudano Yves , Carletti Timoteo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Quantum measurement is one of the most fascinating and discussed phenomena in quantum physics, due to the impact on the system of the measurement action and the resulting interpretation issues. Scholars proposed weak measurements to amplify measured signals by exploiting a quantity called a weak value, but also to overcome philosophical difficulties related to the system perturbation induced by the measurement process. The method finds many applications and raises many philosophical questions as well, especially about the proper interpretation of the observations. In this paper, we show that any weak value can be expressed as the expectation value of a suitable non-normal operator. We propose a preliminary explanation of their anomalous and amplification behavior based on the theory of non-normal matrices and their link with non-normality: the weak value is different from an eigenvalue when the operator involved in the expectation value is non-normal. Our study paves the way for a deeper understanding of the measurement phenomenon, helps the design of experiments, and it is a call for collaboration to researchers in both fields to unravel new quantum phenomena induced by non-normality.
Hankel determinants for a Gaussian weight with Fisher–Hartwig singularities and generalized Painlevé IV equation
Authors: Mu Xinyu , Lyu Shulin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We study the Hankel determinant generated by a Gaussian weight with Fisher–Hartwig singularities of root type at tj
,

j
=
1
,
⋯
,
N

. It characterizes a type of average characteristic polynomial of matrices from Gaussian unitary ensembles. We derive the ladder operators satisfied by the associated monic orthogonal polynomials and three compatibility conditions. By using them and introducing 2N auxiliary quantities

{

R

n
,
j

,

r

n
,
j

,
j
=
1
,
⋯
,
N
}

, we build a series of difference equations. Furthermore, we prove that

{

R

n
,
j

,

r

n
,
j

}

satisfy Riccati equations. From them we deduce a system of second order PDEs satisfied by

{

R

n
,
j

,
j
=
1
,
⋯
,
N
}

, which reduces to a Painlevé IV equation for N = 1. We also show that the logarithmic derivative of the Hankel determinant satisfies the generalized σ-form of a Painlevé IV equation.
Green synthesis of recyclable reduced graphene oxide-gold nanocatalyst using Alstonia scholaris: Applications in waste water purification and microbial field
Authors: Das Piu , Bairy Bapan , Ghosh Sanjukta , Ghosh Raktim , Dam Somasri , Ghorai Avijit , Baskey Sen Moni 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The green synthetic approaches are the alternative methods for the preparation of various types of nanoparticles to keep sustainable evolution. A novel green synthesis of gold- reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites was conducted through simple heating method using Alstonia scholaris (A. scholaris) bark extract. There are several techniques that confirm the formation of the nanocomposites for synthesis of gold nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide (RGO), such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The size distributions of the gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) grown on RGO surface was measured using two different methods: particle distribution study and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image. These two methods provided similar size distribution which is around 5–8 nm. Subsequently, the catalytic performance was evaluated by 4-nitro aniline (4-NA). The photocatalytic activities were investigated using different organic hazardous dyes, such as methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO) and the change of photocatalytic behaviour was shown by varying the catalyst amount and pH. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) analyses for complete removal of organic dye were carried out using the two nanocomposite samples. To perceive the effect on different bacterial strains, antibacterial and antiprotozoal studies have been carried out with this nanocomposite.
Characterization and medicinal applications of Karakoram shilajit; angiogenesis activity, antibacterial properties and cytotoxicity
Authors: Yaqoob Zahida , Batool Syeda Ammara , Khan Ahmad , Hussain Rabia , Raza Mohsin Ali , Alqahtani Mohammed S , Abbas Mohamed , Almubarak Hassan Ali , Alqahtani Fawaz F , Ur Rehman Muhammad Atiq 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Shilajit is a natural substance found in the Himalayan region from Nepal to Pakistan. It is a decomposition product of Royle’s spurge, white clover, and different species of molds. The decomposition takes place over a time span of centuries by the action of microorganism. In the present study, shilajit samples from four different origins including siachen khaplu shilajit (SKS), kharmang pari saspolo shilajit (KPSS), kharmang ghandus shilajit (KGS), and kharmang shilajit center (KSC) of district Skardu, Pakistan were investigated. These samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-visible spectroscopy (UV/vis). SEM revealed a notable difference in the shape and size of collected samples. All samples were found to possess crystalline nature, which is confirmed from XRD. The presence of multi-components and complex silicates confirmed the presence of humic substances (HS) in shilajit. A slight disparity in physiological properties of four samples were revealed due to geographical variations and ecological conditions, which determine the natural synthesis of shilajit. All samples exhibited antibacterial effects against Gram negative bacteria; Escherichia coli (E.coli). About 76%, 98%, and 100% of bacteria were killed by SKS, both KPSS and KGS, and KSC samples, respectively. The cell viability analysis revealed that the KPSS (66%) and KGS (53%) were cyto-compatible as compared to the SKS (23%) and KSC (25%) samples. The Chick Chorionic Allantoic Membrane (CAM) assay was used to observe the angiogenic potential for SKS, KSC, and KGS samples. Hence, shilajit sample could be a potential candidate for the medicinal applications and offer a new approach to biomedical applications.
Orlicz functions that do not satisfy the Δ₂-condition and high order Gâteaux smoothness in ℎ_{𝑀}(Γ)
Authors: Ivanov Milen , Troyanski Stanimir , Zlateva Nadia 
Published: October 2023

We study Orlicz functions that do not satisfy the

Δ
2

\Delta _2

-condition at zero. We prove that for every Orlicz function

M
M

such that

lim sup

t
→
0

M
(
t
)

/

t
p

>
0

\limsup _{t\to 0}M(t)/t^p \!>0

for some

p
≥
1

p\ge 1

, there exists a positive sequence

T
=
(

t
k

)

k
=
1

∞

T=(t_k)_{k=1}^\infty

tending to zero and such that

sup

k
∈

N

M
(
c

t
k

)

M
(

t
k

)

>
∞
,
for all
c
>
1
,

\begin{equation*} \sup _{k\in \mathbb {N}}\frac {M(ct_k)}{M(t_k)} >\infty ,\text { for all }c>1, \end{equation*}

that is,

M
M

satisfies the

Δ
2

\Delta _2

condition with respect to

T
T

.

Consequently, we show that for each Orlicz function with lower Boyd index

α
M

>
∞

\alpha _M > \infty

there exists an Orlicz function

N
N

such that:

(a) there exists a positive sequence

T
=
(

t
k

)

k
=
1

∞

T=(t_k)_{k=1}^\infty

tending to zero such that

N
N

satisfies the

Δ
2

\Delta _2

condition with respect to

T
T

, and

(b) the space

h
N

h_N

is isomorphic to a subspace of

h
M

h_M

generated by one vector.

We apply this result to find the maximal possible order of Gâteaux differentiability of a continuous bump function on the Orlicz space

h
M

(
Γ
)

h_M(\Gamma )

for

Γ
\Gamma

uncountable.
The State of Use and Utility of Negative Controls in Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies
Authors: Zafari Zafar , Park Jeong-eun , Shah Chintal H , dosReis Susan , Gorman Emily F , Hua Wei , Ma Yong , Tian Fang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Uses of real-world data in drug safety and effectiveness studies are often challenged by various sources of bias. We undertook a systematic search of the published literature through September 2020 to evaluate the state of use and utility of negative controls to address bias in pharmacoepidemiologic studies. Two reviewers independently evaluated study eligibility and abstracted data. Our search identified 184 eligible studies for inclusion. Cohort studies (115, 63%) and administrative data (114, 62%) were, respectively, the most common study design and data type used. Most studies used negative control outcomes (91, 50%), and for most studies the target source of bias was unmeasured confounding (93, 51%). We identified 4 utility domains of negative controls: 1) bias detection (149, 81%), 2) bias correction (16, 9%), 3) P-value calibration (8, 4%), and 4) performance assessment of different methods used in drug safety studies (31, 17%). The most popular methodologies used were the 95% confidence interval and P-value calibration. In addition, we identified 2 reference sets with structured steps to check the causality assumption of the negative control. While negative controls are powerful tools in bias detection, we found many studies lacked checking the underlying assumptions.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Pharmacoepidemiology.
Effect of daily ingestion of Bifidobacterium and dietary fiber on vascular endothelial function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparison study
Authors: Azuma Naoki , Saito Yasuo , Nishijima Tomohiko , Aoki Ryo , Nishihira Jun 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 (GCL2505) improves the intestinal microbiota and reduces human visceral fat. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted to examine the effects of inulin, a prebiotic dietary fiber, and GCL2505 on vascular endothelial function in healthy subjects (n = 60). The test drink contained 2.0 g/100 g inulin and 1.0 × 1010 colony-forming units/100 g GCL2505 and was consumed daily for 12 weeks. Flow-mediated dilation was set as the primary endpoint. Subgroup analysis of vascular endothelial function demonstrated a significant increase in the change of flow-mediated dilation (%) from weeks 0 to 12 in the GCL2505 and inulin group (n = 24) compared with the placebo group (n = 23), while an improving trend in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were confirmed. Our results indicated that the test drink had a positive effect on vascular endothelial function and related blood parameters.
Layer 1 of somatosensory cortex: an important site for input to a tiny cortical compartment
Authors: Ledderose Julia M T , Zolnik Timothy A , Toumazou Maria , Trimbuch Thorsten , Rosenmund Christian , Eickholt Britta J , Jaeger Dieter , Larkum Matthew E , Sachdev Robert N S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Neocortical layer 1 has been proposed to be at the center for top-down and bottom-up integration. It is a locus for interactions between long-range inputs, layer 1 interneurons, and apical tuft dendrites of pyramidal neurons. While input to layer 1 has been studied intensively, the level and effect of input to this layer has still not been completely characterized. Here we examined the input to layer 1 of mouse somatosensory cortex with retrograde tracing and optogenetics. Our assays reveal that local input to layer 1 is predominantly from layers 2/3 and 5 pyramidal neurons and interneurons, and that subtypes of local layers 5 and 6b neurons project to layer 1 with different probabilities. Long-range input from sensory-motor cortices to layer 1 of somatosensory cortex arose predominantly from layers 2/3 neurons. Our optogenetic experiments showed that intra-telencephalic layer 5 pyramidal neurons drive layer 1 interneurons but have no effect locally on layer 5 apical tuft dendrites. Dual retrograde tracing revealed that a fraction of local and long-range neurons was both presynaptic to layer 5 neurons and projected to layer 1. Our work highlights the prominent role of local inputs to layer 1 and shows the potential for complex interactions between long-range and local inputs, which are both in position to modify the output of somatosensory cortex.
Brain asymmetry is globally different in males and females: exploring cortical volume, area, thickness, and mean curvature
Authors: Dumitru Magda L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Brain asymmetry is a cornerstone in the development of higher-level cognition, but it is unclear whether and how it differs in males and females. Asymmetry has been investigated using the laterality index, which compares homologous regions as pairwise weighted differences between the left and the right hemisphere. However, if asymmetry differences between males and females are global instead of pairwise, involving proportions between multiple brain areas, novel methodological tools are needed to evaluate them. Here, we used the Amsterdam Open MRI collection to investigate sexual dimorphism in brain asymmetry by comparing laterality index with the distance index, which is a global measure of differences within and across hemispheres, and with the subtraction index, which compares pairwise raw values in the left and right hemisphere. Machine learning models, robustness tests, and group analyses of cortical volume, area, thickness, and mean curvature revealed that, of the three indices, distance index was the most successful biomarker of sexual dimorphism. These findings suggest that left–right asymmetry in males and females involves global coherence rather than pairwise contrasts. Further studies are needed to investigate the biological basis of local and global asymmetry based on growth patterns under genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.
Does Kono-S Anastomosis Reduce Recurrence in Crohn’s Disease Compared with Conventional Ileocolonic Anastomosis? A Nationwide Propensity Score-matched Study from GETAID Chirurgie Group [KoCoRICCO Study]
Authors: Alibert Line , Betton Louis , Falcoz Antoine , Manceau Gilles , Benoist Stéphane , Zerbib Philippe , Podevin Juliette , Maggiori Léon , Brouquet Antoine , Tyrode Gaëlle , Vuitton Lucine , Vernerey Dewi , Lefevre Jérémie H , Lakkis Zaher 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Postoperative recurrence is a major concern in Crohn’s disease. The Kono-S anastomosis has been described to reduce the rate of recurrence. However, the level of evidence for its effectiveness remains low. The KoCoRICCO study aimed to compare outcomes between Kono-S anastomosis and conventional anastomosis in two nationwide, prospective cohorts.

Methods
Adult patients with Crohn’s disease, who underwent ileocolonic resection with Kono-S anastomosis, were prospectively included in seven referral centres between 2020 and 2022. Patients with conventional side-to-side anastomosis were enrolled from a previously published cohort. A propensity score analysis was performed to compare recurrence at first endoscopy in a matched 1:2 ratio population.

Results
A total of 433 patients with ileocolonic anastomosis were enrolled, of whom 155 had a Kono-S anastomosis. Before matching, both groups were unbalanced for preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative characteristics. After matching patients with available endoscopic follow-up, endoscopic recurrence ≥i2 was found in 47.5% of the Kono-S group and 44.3% of the conventional side-to-side group [p = 0.6745].

Conclusions
The KoCoRICCO study suggests that Kono-S anastomosis does not reduce the risk of endoscopic recurrence in Crohn’s disease compared with conventional side-to-side anastomosis. Further research with a longer follow-up is necessary to determine whether there is a potential benefit on surgical recurrence.
Lymphoma in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicentre Collaborative Study Between GETAID and LYSA
Authors: Muller Marie , Broséus Julien , Guilloteau Adrien , Wasse Stéphane , Thiéblemont Catherine , Nancey Stéphane , Cadiot Guillaume , Amiot Aurélien , Laharie David , Vieujean Sophie , Bouhnik Yoram , Martineau Chloé , Michiels Christophe , Hebuterne Xavier , Savoye Guillaume , Franchimont Denis , Seksik Philippe , Beaugerie Laurent , Maynadié Marc , Feugier Pierre , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is associated with an increased risk of developing lymphoma. Although recent data have clarified the epidemiology of lymphoma in IBD patients, the clinical and pathological characteristics of lymphoma in IBD remain poorly known.

Methods
Patients with IBD and lymphoma were retrospectively identified in the framework of a national collaborative study including the Groupe d’Étude Thérapeutique des Affections Inflammatoires du Tube Digestif [GETAID] and the Lymphoma Study Association [LYSA]. We characterized clinical and prognostic features for the three most frequent lymphoma subtypes occurring in IBD. We performed a multicentre case-control study. Controls [lymphoma de novo] were matched [5:1] to cases on gender, age at diagnosis, lymphoma subtype, year of diagnosis, and IPI/FLIPI indexes. Overall survival and progression-free survival were compared between cases and controls.

Results
In total, 133 IBD patients with lymphoma were included [males = 62.4%, median age at lymphoma diagnosis = 49 years in males; 42 years in females]. Most had Crohn’s disease [73.7%] and were exposed to thiopurines [59.4%]. The most frequent lymphoma subtypes were diffuse large B cell lymphoma [DLBCL, 45.1%], Hodgkin lymphoma [HL, 18.8%], and follicular lymphoma [FL, 10.5%]. When matched with 365 controls, prognosis was improved in IBD patients with DLBCL compared to controls [p = 0.0064, hazard ratio = 0.36] or similar [HL and FL].

Conclusions
Lymphomas occurring in IBD patients do not seem to have a worse outcome than in patients without IBD. Due to the rarity of this situation, such patients should be managed in expert centres.
Numerical exploration of factors that control stress amplification in Earth's lithosphere
Authors: Feng He , Gerbi Christopher C , Johnson Scott E 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARY
The mechanical heterogeneity of Earth's lithosphere leads to significant amplification of stresses across spatial scales ranging from mineral grains to tectonic plates. These stress amplifications play a key role in mechanical and chemical processes within the rock that affect bulk rock strength. Identifying the most effective causes of stress amplification is critical for understanding processes such as strain localization and fluid transport at scales ranging from microshear zones to tectonic plate boundaries. However, studies quantifying and predicting stress heterogeneities and amplifications are limited. We used numerical modelling of two-phase isotropic viscous systems to explore the factors influencing and controlling stress amplification and the potential magnitude of stress amplification in viscous regimes. We found the most geologically relevant amplification factors to be weak-phase spacing, rheological contrast and loading type. Our results indicate that stress amplification can reach a factor of ∼9 under specific conditions, but most of our experiments suggest amplifications at or below a factor of 2. Pressure differences across the model domains generally do not exceed ∼55 MPa, but some are as high as ∼110 MPa. The stress and pressure amplifications resulting from our analyses are large enough to drive a variety of geologically important processes such as failure and strain localization, as well as transient permeability and fluid migration.