bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gens PSD‐95 and GSK‐3β expression improved by hair follicular stem cells‐conditioned medium enhances synaptic transmission and cognitive abilities in the rat model of vascular dementia
Authors: Ghobadi Mojtaba , Akbari Somayeh , Bayat Mahnaz , Moosavi Seyed Mostafa Shid , Salehi Mohammad Saied , Pandamooz Sareh , Azarpira Negar , Afshari Afsoon , Hooshmandi Etrat , Haghani Masoud 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionVascular dementia (VaD) is a common type of dementia. The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanism of conditioned medium (CM) in VaD.Material and methodsThe rats were divided into four groups of control (n = 9), sham‐operation (n = 10), VaD with vehicle (n = 9), and VaD with CM (n = 12) that received CM on days 4, 14, and 24 after 2VO. Before sacrificing the rats, cognitive performance was assessed through the open‐field (OP), passive‐avoidance, and Morris‐water maze. The field‐potential recording was used to investigate basal synaptic transmission (BST) and long‐term potentiation (LTP). Subsequently, the hippocampus was dissected, and real‐time PCR was used to quantify the expression levels of β1‐catenin, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β), glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD‐95), and NR2B genes.ResultsThe results indicated impaired performance in behavioral tests in 2VO rats, coupled with reductions in BST and LTP induction. The expression levels of β1‐catenin, IGF‐1, PSD‐95, and TGF‐β genes decreased, whereas NR2B and GSK‐3β expression increased. Treatment with CM restores the expression of PSD‐95 and GSK‐3β as well as fear‐memory, spatial learning, and grooming number without a positive effect on memory retrieval, time spent on the periphery and center of OP. The BST recovered upon administration of CM but, the LTP induction was still impaired.ConclusionThe recovery of BST in VaD rats appears to be the most important outcome of this study which is caused by the improvement of gene expression and leads to the restoration of fear memory.
Causal relationship between lactate dehydrogenase and risk of developing ischemic stroke: A Mendelian randomized study
Authors: Dong Fuxiang , Wang Xu , Li Jinjian , Zhao Dexi , Li Jinhua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and objectiveIschemic stroke (IS) is one of the major global health problems. It is not clear whether there is a causal relationship between lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the risk of IS attacks. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether LDH has a causal relationship with the development of IS.MethodsThe genome‐wide association data of LDH and IS were obtained through a Mendelian randomization‐based platform. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that were significantly associated with LDH were identified and used as instrumental variables, and a two‐sample Mendelian randomization study was used to examine the causal relationship between LDH and IS. The statistical methods included Inverse‐variance weighted approach, MR‐Egger regression, and weighted median estimator.ResultsWe selected 15 SNPs of genome‐wide significance from Genome‐wide association study database with LDH as instrumental variables. A consistent causal association between LDH and IS was observed by different assessment methods. The results of the inverse‐variance weighted method suggested an inverse association between LDH and higher genetic predictability of IS risk (OR, 0.997; 95%CI 0.995–0.999). The weighted median estimate showed consistent results with the MR‐Egger method (weighted median estimate: OR, 0.995; 95%CI 0.992–0.999; MR‐Egger method: OR, 0.996; 95%CI 0.992–0.999). The inverse‐variance weighted method indicates a causal association between LDH and IS (β = −0.002563, SE = 0.00128, p = .0453). MR‐Egger analysis (β = −0.004498, SE = 0.001877, p = .03) and the weighted median method suggested that LDH and IS also existed causal relationship (β = −0.004861, SE = 0.001801, p = .00695).ConclusionsOur Mendelian randomization results suggest that LDH is inversely associated with the risk of developing IS, and are contrary to the results of previous observational studies.
Suicidal Behavior in Nepali motion pictures of three decades (1990–2020): A content analysis
Authors: Singh Rakesh , Mahato Sharika , Singh Kritika , Puri Niranjan Raman , Baniya Susma , Arafat SM Yasir 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundAssessment of the depiction of suicidal behavior in motion pictures would reveal the social representation of suicide that would foster suicide prevention in a country.ObjectivesWe aimed to assess how suicidality has been depicted in Nepali movies by scrutinizing their contents against the sociodemographic checklist and WHO media guidelines for suicidal reporting.MethodsThis is a narrative quantitative analysis of suicidal behavior portrayals in the Nepali motion pictures that are publicly and freely accessible.ResultsOverall, out of the 573 scrutinized movies, we found ten movies consisting of 11 characters (i.e., the prevalence is 1.75%) showing suicidal behavior. The majority of suicidal behavior was seen in males 6 (54.5%), and the majority of attempters were students 3 (27.3%) or homemakers 2 (18.2%). Suicidal behavior was mostly observed in unmarried people 6 (54.5%). Hanging was the most prevalent method (45.5%), and home (36.4%) and public places (36.4%) were equally the most frequent places of attempt. The consequential risk factors for the attempts were found to be marital problems/premarital affairs (50%), followed by unfulfilled demand/conflict (30%). While all 11 items depicted the method and place of the attempt, two also depicted the complete scene of the attempt. One item used language that normalized suicide as a constructive solution to the problem. None of the pictures publicized any mental health messages or educated the public about suicide prevention.ConclusionsThe minimal adherence of the Nepali motion pictures on the depictions of suicidality with WHO media guidelines indicates urgent need to create awareness among the Nepali film fraternity.
Incidence and risk factors of immune‐related adverse events induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors among older adults with non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Rong Yiran , Bentley John P. , Bhattacharya Kaustuv , Yang Yi , Chang Yunhee , Earl Sally , Ramachandran Sujith 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment has been linked to a variety of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs), which can affect any organ system. The incidence and risk factors of irAEs have not been adequately evaluated among older adults with NSCLC.MethodsA cohort study was conducted using 1999–2019 SEER‐Medicare data among beneficiaries aged ≥65 years with a diagnosis of NSCLC who received nivolumab, pembrolizumab, or atezolizumab. Incident irAEs were identified post‐ICI initiation. Demographic, cancer‐related characteristics, and clinical history risk factors of irAEs were evaluated with competing events considered.ResultsA total of 8175 older NSCLC patients were included (with 46.8% experiencing irAEs). Pneumonitis (16.5%), hypothyroidism (10.5%), arrhythmia (11.18%), and acute kidney injury (AKI) (5.8%) were the most common irAEs. The median time to first irAE was 82 days (IQR: 29–182 days). The earliest onset of irAE occurrence was for hematologic irAEs, while the latest were gastrointestinal, dermatologic, and musculoskeletal irAEs. Fine–Gray regression modeling revealed significantly greater hazards of irAE occurrence in patients who received pembrolizumab at index, did not have CNS metastases, had a history of autoimmune disorder, and had chemotherapy in combination with ICI. Race, socioeconomic status, previous radiation therapy, and comorbidity burden were found to be associated with the occurrence of certain type of irAEs.ConclusionA significant proportion of older patients with NSCLC develop an irAE after receiving ICI treatment. Factors related to cancer and treatment as well as demographics contribute to the increased risk of irAEs. Close monitoring and prediction of irAE among older patients receiving ICI is warranted.
Drug‐induced pneumonitis risk in diffuse large B‐cell/follicular lymphoma patients treated with R‐CHOP‐like regimen is associated with the use of granulocyte colony‐stimulating growth factors
Authors: Kaprio Elina , Prusila Roosa , Tokola Susanna , Kuusisto Milla E. L. , Jantunen Esa , Kuitunen Hanne , Turpeenniemi‐Hujanen Taina , Kuittinen Outi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundRituximab‐based combinations are the standard of care in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL). Despite being on market for over 20 years, some of the adverse effects associated with the use of rituximab are not well known. Drug‐induced interstitial pneumonitis (DIP) is a potentially fatal complication of the treatment. Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factors (G‐CSF) are supportive agents commonly used to prevent neutropenic infections. G‐CSF are reported to have pulmonary toxicity, but the risk of DIP is greater when used in combination with other potentially pulmotoxic agents.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we reported the G‐CSF use and risk of DIP in 234 DLBCL patients and 87 FL patients receiving R‐CHOP‐type immunochemotherapy.ResultsIn 72% of patients, the treatment included a G‐CSF support. The overall incidence of treatment‐induced pneumonitis was 6.9% in this patient group. All the DIP cases (n = 16) were among patients receiving G‐CSF support (p = 0.03). Older age (over 60 years) and higher disease stage (Ann Arbor 3–4) also increased the risk of DIP.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the use of G‐CSF increases the risk of DIP, when used in combination with rituximab‐containing regimen.
Optimization of Flavonoid Extraction fromEucommia ulmoidespollen using Respond Surface Methodology and its biological activities
Authors: Zhu Jingjing , Chen Ang , Ma Hailin , Cheng Yuen Yee , Song Kedong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFlavonoids, known for their abundance inEucommia ulmoidespollen, possess diverse biological functions, including antioxidants, antibacterial agents, and anti‐tumor properties. This study aims to establish effective parameters for flavonoid extraction fromEucommia ulmoidespollen using a microwave‐assisted method, characterize the flavonoid composition of the extracted material, and explore its biological activities. Building upon the initial results from single‐factor experiments, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the extraction parameters. The inhibitory effect of human breast cancer cells (MCF‐7) was evaluated by CCK assay and Live/dead staining. Simultaneously, the extract‘s scavenging ability against DPPH free radicals and its antibacterial properties againstEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureuswere investigated. The results demonstrated that the flavonoid yield reached 3.28 g per 100 g of pollen, closely aligning with the predicted value. The IC50for flavonoid‐mediated DPPH radical scavenging was 0.04 mg/mL. The extract exhibited a robust inhibitory effect on bothEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureus. Concurrently, the extract displayed a significant inhibitory effect on the growth and proliferation of MCF‐7 cells in a dose‐dependent and time‐dependent manner. In addition, six kinds of flavonoids have been identified by UPLC‐TOF‐MS/MS technology, providing further support to the study on the anti‐oxidation and anti‐tumor mechanism ofEucommia ulmoidespollen extracts.
Theoretical and Experimental In‐vitro Studies of Novel Thiophene Based Organotellurium(IV) Complexes
Authors: Bhardwaj Anisha , Kumar Manish , Bendi Anjaneyulu , Garg Sapana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSchiff bases are one of the important classes of organic compounds containing imine or azomethine functional groups with potential biological applications in medicinal chemistry. Nowadays, these compounds have attracted the scientific community‘s attention due to their ability to act as ligands in the formation of stable metal complexes with significant biological activity. In this connection, we have designed and synthesized six novel thiophene‐based organoltellurium (IV) complexes using a novel N‐((5‐methylthiophen‐2‐yl) methylene)‐2‐nitroaniline (5MTCONA) schiff base. These complexes underwent analytical investigation (TGA, Powder XRD, SEM, EDAX) as well as spectral analysis (FT‐IR, NMR, Mass spectrometry, UV‐Vis). The in‐vitro pharmacological evaluation of these compounds has been carried out as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. To further corroborate our findings, we have implemented computational analyses (Semi empirical PM3 method, Molecular Docking, and ADMET) of all the compounds with Spartan‐14, Hex‐8.0., Swiss ADME software. Precisely, our study integrates experimental and theoretical aspects, offering innovative insights in the field of pharmaceutical sciences.
Optimization of the synthesis of BET BD2 selective inhibitor XY153
Authors: Zhu Run , Li Junhua , Dong Ruibo , Hu Qingqing , Chen Zhiming , Chen Xiaoshan , Zhong Zhixin , Xiang Qiuping , Huang Cen , Lin Bin , Wu Xishan , Zhang Yan , Zhao Linxiang , Xu Yong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractXY153 is a promising BET BD2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.79 nM against BRD4 BD2. It shows 354‐fold selectivity over BRD4‐BD1 and 6‐fold selectivity over other BET BD2 domains. However, the reported synthesis route of XY153 and its derivatives are extremely poor‐yielding. After the synthesis of three key fragments, XY153 can only be obtained with a yield of 1.3 % in the original four‐step reaction. In this study, we reported a three‐step alternative route in the synthesis process of XY153. The reaction conditions for this route were thoroughly investigated and optimized, resulting in a significantly improved yield of 61.5 %. This efficient synthesis route establishes a robust chemical foundation for the rapid synthesis of XY153 derivatives as BET BD2 inhibitors in the near future.
Unveiling foliar secreting sites and secretion composition in the legume tree Swartzia flaemingii Raddi
Authors: Guimarães Veloso Dalton , de Freitas Mansano Vidal , Pádua Teixeira Simone , Alcantara de Oliveira Carolina , Baratto Leopoldo C. , Almeida Rodrigues Igor , Villela Paulino Juliana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSecretory structures in plants play a crucial role in producing bioactive compounds. Despite the potential of the Swartzia genus, comprehensive studies in this context are still scarce. Swartzia is a legume tree (Fabaceae) that occurs in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, a biodiversity hotspot, and includes species such as Swartzia flaemingii. Therefore, we aim to achieve: (1) identify and characterize the key secretory sites responsible for saponin production in S. flaemingii leaflets; (2) confirm the presence of saponins in S. flaemingii leaves by comparing them with known chemical profiles of other Swartzia species; (3) assess the potential hemolytic and cytotoxic effects of crude leaf extracts. Our investigation unveils the presence of phenolic idioblasts, mucilage cells, and articulate laticifers, which play pivotal roles in defense and adaptation. Notably, we report the first‐ever ultrastructural details of laticifers in a legume species. Additionally, oleanane‐type saponins were identified in the leaves, giving insights into the chemotaxonomic profile of Swartzia. The crude extracts show low cytotoxicity levels, showcasing as a promising alternative source of saponins. This investigation reinforces the importance of conserving plants in threatened regions like the Atlantic Forest, a global biodiversity hotspot facing substantial anthropogenic pressures.
A mixed‐apoptotic effect of Jurinea mesopotamica extract on prostate cancer cells: a promising source for natural chemotherapeutics
Authors: Koyuncu Ismail , Temiz Ebru , Seker Fatma , Balos M. Maruf , Akkafa Feridun , Yuksekdag Ozgür , Yılmaz M. Abdullah , Zengin Gokhan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis research investigates the potential use of Jurinea mesopotamica Hand.‐Mazz. (Asteraceae) in cancer treatment. In this study, a plant extract was prepared using all parts of J. mesopotamica, and its effect on the proliferation of cancer and normal cells was tested using the MTT method. It was found to have a selective cytotoxic effect on prostate cancer cells, with the lowest IC50 (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration) of 10μg/mL found in the butanol extract (JMBE). The extract suppressed the proliferation of prostate cancer cells (67 %), disrupted organelle integrity (49 %), increased reactive oxidative stress (66 %), and triggered cell death (51 %). In addition, apoptotic gene expressions and protein levels increased, and the profile of amino acids related to energy metabolism was elevated. Based on LC–MS/MS results, the plant contained higher levels of flavonoids, including isoquercitrin, cosmosiin, astragalin, nicotiflorin, luteolin, and apigenin. These results suggest that J. mesopotamica has a selective effect on prostate cancer due to its high flavonoid content and might be a promising natural alternative for cancer treatment.
Rh‐Catalyzed Chemodivergent [3+3] Annulations of Diazoenals and α‐Aminoketones: Direct Synthesis of Functionalized 1,2‐Dihydropyridines and Fused 1,4‐Oxazines
Authors: Mandal Pratap Kumar , Katukojvala Sreenivas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNovel rhodium‐catalyzed [3+3] annulations of diazoenals and α‐amino ketones has been disclosed here. The reactivity of diazoenals has been switched from carbenoid to vinylogous NH‐insertion by altering acyclic to cyclic α‐amino ketones. In this direction, we report an efficient strategy to synthesize 1,2‐dihydropyridines (DHPs) and fused 1,4‐oxazines. Mechanistic investigation revealed that the formyl group is necessary for carbenoid [3+3] annulation and the cyclohexyl group is the dictating factor for vinylogous NH‐ insertion. The synthetic utility of 1,2‐dihydropyridines was demonstrated by synthesizing piperidine, pyrido[1,2‐a]indole, and 2‐pyridone scaffolds. Further, structural diversification of fused 1,4‐oxazines resulted in the short synthesis of hexahydroquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones, hexahydro quinolines and tetrahydroquinolinones via ring opening rearrangement and a new oxidative deformylation, respectively.
Racing for Green Hydrogen Economics with Polymer Electrolyte Water Electrolysis – How to Be Achieved
Authors: Stiber Svenja , Gago Aldo , Friedrich K. Andreas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFor renewable hydrogen production, polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis is the most promising technology. However, the technology is not yet competitive with conventional hydrogen production in terms of cost. The impact of cost reduction options on CAPEX and OPEX is investigated. Depending on the hours of operation, the main cost factor is the production and manufacturing of components or the price of electricity. Clearly a tremendous need to implement low‐cost electrolysis cells on a large scale to bring green hydrogen production costs to a level 1–3 € kg−1 hydrogen.
Achieving Accuracy and Economy for Calculating Vertical Detachment Energies of Molecular Anions: A Model Chemistry Composite Methods
Authors: Wang Xiao‐juan , Ding Yi‐hong , Tian Xiao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe vertical detachment energy (VDE) is a vital factor for predicting the stability of anions that have important applications in the atom, molecule and cluster science. Due to the synthetic or characterization difficulty of anions, accurate and efficient predictions of VDE independent of laboratory data have always been an appealing task to remedy the experimental deficiencies. Unfortunately, the generally adopted CCSD(T) and electron propagator theory (EPT) methods have respectively been proven to be reliable but very cost‐expensive, and cost‐effective but sometimes problematic when Koopman's theorem is invalid. Here, we for the first time introduced and benchmarked a series of model chemistry composite methods (e. g., CBS‐QB3, G4 and W1BD) on calculating VDE for 57 molecular anions. Notably, CBS‐QB3 exceeds the accuracy of CCSD(T) while approaching the economy of EPT. Therefore, we highly recommend the composite method CBS‐QB3 to compute VDEs for molecular anions in the attractive “killing two birds with one stone” manner.
How Pipeline Installations Impact Agricultural Fields and Landowners
Authors: Culman Steve , Brehm Theresa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUnderground pipelines are a safe and effective method for transporting oil and natural gas to fuel our lifestyles and economy. New pipeline installations are on the rise and primarily installed in rural areas. But what are the consequences of this energy infrastructure on soil and croplands? Earn 0.5 CEUs in Soil & Water Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Examining the placement of atypical anorexia nervosa in the eating disorder diagnostic hierarchy relative to bulimia nervosa and binge‐eating disorder
Authors: Forney K. Jean , Rezeppa Taylor L. , Hill Naomi G. , Bodell Lindsay P. , Brown Tiffany A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveSome individuals meet the criteria for atypical anorexia nervosa and another eating disorder simultaneously. The current study evaluated whether allowing a diagnosis of atypical anorexia nervosa to supersede a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa (BN) or binge‐eating disorder (BED) provided additional information on psychological functioning.MethodsArchival data from 650 university students (87.7% female, 69.4% white) who met Eating Disorder Diagnostic Survey for DSM‐5 eating disorder criteria and completed questionnaires assessing quality of life, eating disorder‐related impairment, and/or eating pathology at a single time point. Separate regression models used diagnostic category to predict quality of life and impairment. Two diagnostic schemes were used: the DSM‐5 diagnostic scheme and an alternative scheme where atypical anorexia nervosa superseded all diagnoses except anorexia nervosa. Model fit was compared using the Davidson–Mackinnon J test. Analyses were pre‐registered (https://osf.io/2ejcd).ResultsAllowing an atypical anorexia nervosa diagnosis to supersede a BN or BED diagnosis provided better fit to the data for eating disorder‐related impairment (p = .02; n = 271), but not physical, psychological, or social quality of life (p's ≥ .33; n = 306). Allowing an atypical anorexia nervosa diagnosis to supersede a BN or BED diagnosis provided a better fit in cross‐sectional models predicting purging (p = .02; n = 638), but not body dissatisfaction, binge eating, restricting, or excessive exercise (p's ≥ .08; n's = 633–647).DiscussionThe current data support retaining the DSM‐5 diagnostic scheme. More longitudinal work is needed to understand the predictive validity of the atypical anorexia nervosa diagnosis.Public SignificanceThe current study examined how changes to the diagnostic categories for eating disorders may change how diagnoses are associated with quality of life and impairment. Overall, findings suggest that the diagnostic hierarchy should be maintained.