bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Singlet oxygen and photo‐oxidative stress management in plants and algae
Authors: LEDFORD HEIDI K. , NIYOGI KRISHNA K. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTPhotosynthetic organisms constantly face the threat of photo‐oxidative stress from fluctuating light conditions and environmental stress. Plants and algae have developed an array of defences to protect the chloroplast from reactive oxygen species. Genetic and physiological studies have shown that antioxidant responses are important to high‐light acclimation, both by directly scavenging or quenching reactive oxygen intermediates and by contributing reducing power for alternative electron transport pathways and excess energy dissipation. At present, the signalling events leading to up‐regulation of antioxidant defences in high light remain a mystery. Recent advances toward understanding acclimation to oxidative stress in both photosynthetic and non‐photosynthetic model organisms may illuminate how plants and algae respond to high‐light stress. Although the role of hydrogen peroxide in high‐light acclimation has been investigated, less is known about responses to singlet oxygen, a form of reactive oxygen that poses a significant threat specifically to photosynthetic organisms. This review will discuss some intriguing new findings in that area, focusing on recent findings regarding the nature of singlet‐oxygen responses in the chloroplast.
Chordoma: Radiological–pathological correlation
Authors: Maclean FM , Soo MYS , Ng T 
Published: July 2005

SummaryThis review correlates the imaging findings and histological appearances seen in chordomas in a series of patients presenting at our institution, together with a published literature review. A parallel presentation of photographs of imaging findings and microscopic histological findings is made, with the aim being to enhance recognition of this uncommon but clinically significant entity.
Intra‐abdominal splenosis: How clinical history and imaging features averted an invasive procedure for tissue diagnosis
Authors: Lui EHY , Lau KKP 
Published: July 2005

SummaryA 47‐year‐old man with a past history of splenectomy was referred for biopsy of a liver lesion. A subsequent 99mtechnetium heat‐damaged red cell scan helped make the diagnosis of splenosis and averted a biopsy procedure.
Electrodermal predictors of functional outcome and negative symptoms in schizophrenia
Authors: Schell Anne M. , Dawson Michael E. , Rissling Anthony , Ventura Joseph , Subotnik Kenneth L. , Gitlin Michael J. , Nuechterlein Keith H. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe ability of electrodermal variables to predict negative symptoms and functional outcome over a 1‐year period in schizophrenia was investigated in 78 young, recent‐onset outpatients. Patients were stabilized on standardized medication and largely free of psychotic symptoms. Higher levels of both tonic (skin conductance level, nonspecific skin conductance response rate) and phasic (number of skin conductance orienting responses) activity were associated with more negative symptoms and with a combination of poorer social and occupational outcome at 1‐year follow‐up. This pattern was seen in both male and female patients, and in older and younger patients. Results are interpreted as suggesting that high levels of arousal and overreactivity to the environment may interfere with efficient cognitive processing in schizophrenia, contributing to poor outcome, and that negative symptoms might partially serve as a means of coping with overarousal.
Laminar Natural Convection Heat Transfer From a Vertical Baffled
Plate Subjected to a Periodic Oscillation
Authors: Zhang Xinrong , Maruyama Shigenao , Yamaguchi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
The problem of laminar natural convection on a vertical baffled plate subjected to a periodic oscillation is investigated numerically. Of particular interest of this paper is the heat transfer characteristic with the oscillatory velocity being close to the flow velocity in the velocity boundary layer under nonoscillation condition. The results show that a sevenfold increase in space-time averaged Nusselt number is achieved. Three mechanisms that are responsible for the heat transfer enhancement are identified. In addition, the effects of the governing parameters on the heat transfer are studied over a wide range. The heat transfer enhancement is found to be increased with dimensionless oscillation frequency and amplitude, but decreased with the Grashof number. Another interest of this paper is to optimize the geometry of baffle plates and an optimal baffle height-spacing ratio 0.25–0.50 is found for higher heat transfer rate.
Remarques sur la frontière de martin biharmonique et la représentation intégrale des fonctions biharmoniques
Authors: El Kadiri Mohamed , Haddad Sabah 
Published: July 2005

Soit (Ω, ℋ) un espace biharmonique
fort au sens de Smyrnelis dont les espaces harmoniques associés
sont des espaces de Brelot qui vérifient l′axiome de
proportionnalité. On montre que s′il existe un couple ℋ‐harmonique >0 sur Ω, alors lénsemble des points
minimaux de la frontière de Martin biharmonique de Ω qui
ne sont pas les pôles de couples biharmoniques minimaux est
négiligeable dans un sens que l′on précisera. Dans
le cas classique d′un domaine lipschitzien borné de
ℝn, nous montrons que cet ensemble est vide.Let (Ω, ℋ) be a strong biharmonic space of Smyrnelis such that the harmonic spaces associeted are Brelot spaces satisfying the axiom of proportionnality. We prove that if there exists a biharmonic pair greater than 0 on Ω, then the set of minimal points of the biharmonic Martin boundary of Ω, that are not the poles of minimal biharmonic pairs, is negligible in some meaning that we will precise. For the classical case of a bounded Lipschitz domain of ℝn, we prove that this set is empty.
Directional Wavelet Analysis of Inhomogeneity in the Surface Wave Field from Aerial Laser Scanning Data
Authors: Gorman Richard M. , Hicks D. Murray 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Modern measurement techniques such as aerial laser scanning allow for rapid determination of the spatial variation of sea surface elevation. Wave fields obtained from such data show spatial inhomogeneity associated with the presence of wave groups. A method based on two-dimensional directional wavelet analysis is described by which such inhomogeneity can be characterized in the spatial and wavenumber domains. The directional wavelet method has been applied to aerial laser scanning measurements of nearshore wave conditions off the east coast of New Zealand’s South Island. A high level of spatial variability was observed, with evidence of ensembles of wave-group envelopes of quasi-Gaussian form. These envelopes occur, with variations in spatial location, across a range of wavelet scales and directions.
Adjusting Internal Model Errors through Ocean State Estimation
Authors: Stammer Detlef 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Oceanic state estimation is a powerful tool to estimate internal model parameters simultaneously with the model’s initial conditions and surface forcing field that jointly would bring a model into consistency with time-varying large-scale ocean observations. Here an attempt to estimate geographically varying fields of horizontal and vertical viscosity and diffusivity within a 9-yr-long estimation procedure is presented. The estimated coefficients are highly efficient in preserving watermass characteristics and frontal structures by reducing the model temperature and salinity drift, especially around the Southern Ocean. The estimated mean circulation results in stronger transports of western boundary currents and of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Moreover, an increase of about 10% in the strength of the meridional overturning circulation and in the poleward heat transport can be found. Estimated changes in the horizontal mixing coefficients seem to agree with the notion that diapycnal mixing is superfically high with Laplacian mixing formulations, especially close to frontal structures in the ocean. In comparison with adjustments in tracer diffusivities (vertically and horizontally), adjustments of viscosity coefficients are fairly minor outside lateral boundary regions, suggesting that state estimation attempts might be most successful in providing enhanced insight into tracer mixing.
Interplay of Wind Forcing and Buoyant Discharge off Montauk Point: Seasonal Changes to Velocity Structure and a Coastal Front
Authors: Codiga Daniel L. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Seasonal-mean currents in fall, winter, and spring on the bathymetrically complex continental shelf 15–65 m deep off Montauk Point, outside Block Island Sound, are analyzed using moored profiling current-meter records from a 2.5-yr period. A sharp boundary, or coastal front, occurs where strong, shallow, generally southwestward flow that weakens nearly linearly with increasing depth meets deeper flow nearly opposite in direction (fall/winter) or markedly weaker (spring). Velocities veer clockwise (counterclockwise) with increasing depth inshore (offshore) of the front. Evidence is presented that thermal wind balance holds without major frictional modification: it accounts for the veering, and the seasonal-mean horizontal density gradients it implies are generally toward the southeast quadrant in agreement with limited hydrographic measurements. Substantial seasonal changes in flow and frontal attributes occur because of the interplay of annual cycles in wind forcing and buoyant discharge. In fall and winter, upwelling-favorable wind causes nearshore setdown of sea surface height and an inshore-directed barotropic pressure gradient: shallow down-coast (alongshore to the south and west) currents weaken, and deep currents are up-coast. In spring, buoyant discharge peaks and winds weaken: shallow down-coast flow strengthens and deep flow weakens. The front extends to the seafloor, with attachment depth shallowest in winter, deepest in spring, and intermediate in fall; its width is smaller in fall than in winter. Buoyant discharge theory based on bottom boundary layer density advection dynamics captures these seasonal shifts. Cross-shelf circulation includes offshore (onshore) shallow (deep) motion; deep onshore motion appears enhanced near a canyon and persistent through all three seasons, suggesting wind-driven upwelling is not solely responsible.
Balance in Single-Limb Stance in Patients with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Ageberg Eva , Roberts David , Holmström Eva , Fridén Thomas 
Published: July 2005

Background It has been shown previously that an anterior cruciate ligament injury may affect postural control, measured by balance in single-limb stance. To our knowledge, no studies have reported the influence of measures of impairment on postural control after such an injury. Purpose To assess the influence of knee laxity, proprioception, and muscle strength on balance in single-limb stance and to study the correlation between balance in single-limb stance and subjective estimation of extremity function. Study Design Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods A total of 36 patients with a unilateral, nonoperated, nonacute anterior cruciate ligament injury were examined with regard to anterior knee laxity, proprioception, muscle strength, and stabilometry (amplitude and average speed of the center of pressure movements). Subjective estimation of extremity function was measured on a visual analog scale. Results The multiple regression analysis showed that high knee laxity values were associated with high amplitude values and low average speed. Poor proprioception and high muscle strength values were associated with low average speed among the women only. Low amplitude values correlated with better subjective function. Conclusion Anterior knee laxity, proprioception, and muscle strength seem to play a role in maintaining balance in single-limb stance. Patients with low amplitude values in stabilometry were those with better subjective function.
Relation of exaggerated cytokine responses of CF airway epithelial cells to PAO1 adherence
Authors: Kube Dianne M , Fletcher David , Davis Pamela B 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
In many model systems, cystic fibrosis (CF) phenotype airway epithelial cells in culture respond to P. aeruginosa with greater interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-6 secretion than matched controls. In order to test whether this excess inflammatory response results from the reported increased adherence of P. aeruginosa to the CF cells, we compared the inflammatory response of matched pairs of CF and non CF airway epithelial cell lines to the binding of GFP-PAO1, a strain of pseudomonas labeled with green fluorescent protein. There was no clear relation between GFP-PAO1 binding and cytokine production in response to PAO1. Treatment with exogenous aGM1 resulted in greater GFP-PAO1 binding to the normal phenotype compared to CF phenotype cells, but cytokine production remained greater from the CF cell lines. When cells were treated with neuraminidase, PAO1 adherence was equalized between CF and nonCF phenotype cell lines, but IL-8 production in response to inflammatory stimuli was still greater in CF phenotype cells. The polarized cell lines 16HBEo-Sense (normal phenotype) and Antisense (CF phenotype) cells were used to test the effect of disrupting tight junctions, which allows access of PAO1 to basolateral binding sites in both cell lines. IL-8 production increased from CF, but not normal, cells. These data indicate that increased bacterial binding to CF phenotype cells cannot by itself account for excess cytokine production in CF airway epithelial cells, encourage investigation of alternative hypotheses, and signal caution for therapeutic strategies proposed for CF that include disruption of tight junctions in the face of pseudomonas infection.
Spatial variation in the management and outcomes of acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Vanasse Alain , Niyonsenga Théophile , Courteau Josiane , Grégoire Jean-Pierre , Hemiari Abbas , Loslier Julie , Bénié Goze 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Background
Regional disparities in medical care and outcomes with patients suffering from an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have been reported and raise the need to a better understanding of links between treatment, care and outcomes. Little is known about the relationship and its spatial variability between invasive cardiac procedure (ICP), hospital death (HD), length of stay (LoS) and early hospital readmission (EHR). The objectives were to describe and compare the regional rates of ICP, HD, EHR, and the average LoS after an ACS in 2000 in the province of Quebec. We also assessed whether there was a relationship between ICP and HD, LoS, and EHR, and if the relationships varied spatially.

Methods
Using secondary data from a provincial hospital register, a population-based retrospective cohort of 24,544 patients hospitalized in Quebec (Canada) for an ACS in 2000 was built. ACS was defined as myocardial infarction (ICD-9: 410) or unstable angina (ICD-9: 411). ICP was defined as the presence of angiography, angioplasty or aortocoronary bypass (CCA: 480–483, 489), HD as all death cause at index hospitalization, LoS as the number of days between admission and discharge from the index hospitalization, and EHR as hospital readmission for a coronary heart disease ≤30 days after discharge from hospital. The EHR was evaluated on survivors at discharge.

Results
ICP rate was 43.7% varying from 29.4% to 51.6% according to regions. HD rate was 6.9% (range: 3.3–8.2%), average LoS was 11.5 days (range: 7.5–14.4; median LoS: 8 days) and EHR rate was 8.3% (range: 4.7–14.2%). ICP was positively associated with LoS and negatively with HD and EHR; the relationship between ICP and LoS varied spatially. An increased distance to a specialized cardiology center was associated with a decreased likelihood of ICP, a decrease in LoS, but an increased likelihood of EHR.

Conclusion
The main results of this study are the regional variability of the outcomes even after accounting for age, gender, ICP and distance to a cardiology center; the significant relationships between ICP and HD, LoS and EHR, and the spatial variability in the relationships between ICP and LoS.
Hospitalization for pertussis: profiles and case costs by age
Authors: O'Brien Judith A , Caro J Jaime 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

Background
Pertussis, a highly contagious respiratory illness, affects people of all ages and can have serious clinical consequences. It has been reported that from 1997–2000, 20% of all pertussis cases required hospitalization in the US. This analysis examined demographics, case fatality rate, resource use and costs of hospital care related to pertussis by age.

Methods
ICD-9 codes (033.0, 033.9) were used to identify cases of pertussis in hospital discharge databases from roughly 1,000 US hospitals in 4 states (California, Florida, Maryland, Massachusetts). Data from 1996–1999 were examined by age group. Separate analyses were done for infants (<1 year) and children (1–11 years); however, adolescent and adult cases were combined into one group (12+ years), due to the small number of cases. Databases were used to determine demographics, health service utilization and care costs. Cost estimates include accommodations, ancillary and physician services, reported in 2002 US$.

Results
Of the 2,518 cases identified, 90% were infants. The inpatient case fatality rate was <1%. Of survivors, 99% were discharged home (6% with home health care); 1% required further sub-acute inpatient care. For the 2,266 infants, the mean LOS was 6 days at a cost of $9,586 per stay. Children (n = 191) had a mean LOS of 3.7 and cost of $4,729; adolescents/adults (n = 61, mean age 40 years) stayed on average 3.4 days with a cost of $5,683 per hospitalization.

Conclusion
Infants are responsible for the bulk of hospitalizations and generate higher inpatient costs. Costly hospital care occurs, however, in patients with pertussis at all ages.
Microarray comparative genomic hybridization detection of chromosomal imbalances in uterine cervix carcinoma
Authors: Hidalgo Alfredo , Baudis Michael , Petersen Iver , Arreola Hugo , Piña Patricia , Vázquez-Ortiz Guelaguetza , Hernández Dulce , González José , Lazos Minerva , López Ricardo , Pérez Carlos , García José , Vázquez Karla , Alatorre Brenda , Salcedo Mauricio 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

Background
Chromosomal Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) has been applied to all stages of cervical carcinoma progression, defining a specific pattern of chromosomal imbalances in this tumor. However, given its limited spatial resolution, chromosomal CGH has offered only general information regarding the possible genetic targets of DNA copy number changes.

Methods
In order to further define specific DNA copy number changes in cervical cancer, we analyzed 20 cervical samples (3 pre-malignant lesions, 10 invasive tumors, and 7 cell lines), using the GenoSensor microarray CGH system to define particular genetic targets that suffer copy number changes.

Results
The most common DNA gains detected by array CGH in the invasive samples were located at the RBP1-RBP2 (3q21-q22) genes, the sub-telomeric clone C84C11/T3 (5ptel), D5S23 (5p15.2) and the DAB2 gene (5p13) in 58.8% of the samples. The most common losses were found at the FHIT gene (3p14.2) in 47% of the samples, followed by deletions at D8S504 (8p23.3), CTDP1-SHGC- 145820 (18qtel), KIT (4q11-q12), D1S427-FAF1 (1p32.3), D9S325 (9qtel), EIF4E (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E, 4q24), RB1 (13q14), and DXS7132 (Xq12) present in 5/17 (29.4%) of the samples.

Conclusion
Our results confirm the presence of a specific pattern of chromosomal imbalances in cervical carcinoma and define specific targets that are suffering DNA copy number changes in this neoplasm.
Variations in rates of nosocomial infection among Canadian neonatal intensive care units may be practice-related
Authors: Aziz Khalid , McMillan Douglas D , Andrews Wayne , Pendray Margaret , Qiu Zhenguo , Karuri Stella , Lee Shoo K ,   The Canadian Neonatal Network
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Background
Nosocomial infection (NI), particularly with positive blood or cerebrospinal fluid bacterial cultures, is a major cause of morbidity in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Rates of NI appear to vary substantially between NICUs. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors for NI, as well as the risk-adjusted variations in NI rates among Canadian NICUs.

Methods
From January 1996 to October 1997, data on demographics, intervention, illness severity and NI rates were submitted from 17 Canadian NICUs. Infants admitted at <4 days of age were included. NI was defined as a positive blood or cerebrospinal fluid culture after > 48 hrs in hospital.

Results
765 (23.5%) of 3253 infants <1500 g and 328 (2.5%) of 13228 infants ≥1500 g developed at least one episode of NI. Over 95% of episodes were due to nosocomial bacteremia. Major morbidity was more common amongst those with NI versus those without. Mortality was more strongly associated with NI versus those without for infants ≥1500 g, but not for infants <1500 g. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that for infants <1500 g, risk factors for NI included gestation <29 weeks, outborn status, increased acuity on day 1, mechanical ventilation and parenteral nutrition. When NICUs were compared for babies <1500 g, the odds ratios for NI ranged from 0.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1 to 0.4) to 8.6 (95% CI 4.1 to 18.2) when compared to a reference site. This trend persisted after adjustment for risk factors, and was also found in larger babies.

Conclusion
Rates of nosocomial infection in Canadian NICUs vary considerably, even after adjustment for known risk factors. The implication is that this variation is due to differences in clinical practices and therefore may be amenable to interventions that alter practice.