bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A BIOCHEMICAL COMPARISON OF THE MATURE AND POSTMATURE FETUS AND NEWBORN INFANT
Authors: Paterson P. J. , Dunstan M. K. , Trickey N. R. A. , Beard R. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA carefully defined group of postmature and mature fetuses have been compared by determining acid‐base status, and blood gas, haematocrit values and glucose levels during labour and at delivery.The haematocrit value was the only parameter in which significant differences between the groups were found. These were not related to fetal oxygenation but to probable differences in hydration.No justification was found for the view that the postmature fetus is more liable to hypoxia before or during labour than its mature counterpart.
PLACENTAL HYPERTROPHY IN SEVERE PREGNANCY ANAEMIA*
Authors: Beischer N. A. , Sivasamboo R. , Vohra S. , Silpisornkosal Suporn , Reid Stanley 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA prospective combined study of consecutive patients with severe pregnancy anaemia (haemoglobin value less than 8 g. per 100 ml.) was performed in five countries to determine the relationship between maternal anaemia and placental weight. Data were recorded in 732 pregnancies and the important finding was that placental hypertrophy was associated with maternal anaemia in all centres. There was a positive correlation between maternal anaemia and placental weight which was statistically highly significant; Melbourne and Thailand, P = 0·01; India, P<0·025; Singapore and New Guinea, P<0·001.
HUMAN CHORION1C GONADOTROPHIN IN HYDATIDIFORM MOLES
Authors: Sciarra N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe concentration of human chorionic gonadotrophin in fluid content from differently‐sized groups of hydatid vesicles, serum and urine was determined in five patients with hydatidiform mole by an immunological method. The HCG concentration of fluid content from small hydatid vesicles (0·3−0·7 cm. in diameter) was significantly higher than that of fluid content from large hydatid vesicles (0·8−1·2 cm.). The HCG value of serum was always much lower than that of fluid content from both small and large hydatid vesicles. The vesicle/serum ratio of HCG concentration ranged from about 1·5 to 4·5. The urinary level of the hormone was higher than that of both serum and vesicular fluid, except in one case. The results have been related to the different hypotheses of the pathogenesis of hydatidiform mole. The results seem to support Hertig's hypothesis which considered (1) the trophoblastic hyperplasia to be a result of the enlargement of the villus‐vesicle and (2) the hydatid fluid to be a product of the active trophoblastic tissue of the mole.
THE YOUNG NEGRO PRIMIGRAVIDA IN JAMAICA
Authors: Roopnarinesingh S. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe course of pregnancy and labour in 122 Negro primigravidae under 16 years of age has been compared with those in 122 primigravidae aged 22. The average age of menarche was 1·5 years earlier in juvenile primigravidae. The increased hazards to the teenager are toxaemia of pregnancy, prematurity and postpartum haemorrhage.
CARCINOMA OF CERVIX IN THE EASTERN REGION OF SCOTLAND
Authors: Donald John , Walker James 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA report on a series of 353 cases of carcinoma of the cervix occurring in the years 1955–62 in the area of the Eastern Regional Hospital Board (Scotland) is presented.The five‐year survival rate in all cases was 40·5 per cent, and for Stages I, IIa, IIb, III and IV the rates were 77·3, 61·0, 23·0, 14·7 and 2·1 per cent, respectively.Treatment in Stages I and IIa cases was mostly by radium followed by X‐ray therapy, but extended (Wertheim) hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy was performed after radium therapy in a selected group of cases, and in these the five‐year survival was Stage I 91·3 per cent and Stage IIa 70·0 per cent.The results which should be expected and the relative merits of radiation and surgery in the circumstances of the unit at the time of the study are discussed.
PARACERVICAL BLOCK ANAESTHESIA FOR THE EVACUATION OF INCOMPLETE ABORTION—A CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Chatfield W. R. , Suter P. E. N. , Kotonya A. O. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA double blind controlled trial of paracervical block anaesthesia for the evacuation of incomplete abortion was conducted. The favourable impressions of previous uncontrolled series were confirmed.
THE USE OF SUCTION CURETTAGE IN INCOMPLETE ABORTION
Authors: Suter P. E. N. , Chatfield W. R. , Kotonya A. O. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOne hundred and forty‐four patients with incomplete abortion underwent evacuation of the uterus by suction (aspiration) curettage. In uninfected cases when the uterus was the size of a 12‐week pregnancy or less the procedure was rapid, effective and safe. In the presence of uterine infection, tissue was frequently adherent to the uterus and suction evacuation by itself was only successful in half the patients.
PREGNANCY IN A PATIENT WITH DIABETES INSIPIDUS FOLLOWING INDUCTION OF OVULATION WITH CLOMIPHENE
Authors: Gordon George , Bradford William P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case of impaired anterior and posterior pituitary function, manifested by anovulation and diabetes insipidus is reported. Fertility was diminished in this case but was augmented with clomiphene.The pitressin requirement increased during pregnancy until pre‐eclamptic toxaemia developed, when it diminished. Labour was satisfactorily stimulated by intravenous syntocinon infusion.The pitressin requirement was temporarily diminished after delivery. Lactation required to be suppressed.
MATERNAL WEIGHT AND GIRTH CHANGES IN LATE PREGNANCY AND THE DIAGNOSIS OF PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: Elder M. G. , Burton Eunice R. , Gordon H. , Hawkins D. F. , Browne J. C. McClure 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn the absence of dietary advice, the average weight gain in pregnancy of European women living in West London is less if their baby is “small‐for‐dates” than if the baby is of normal weight. The greatest reduction in maternal weight gain associated with intrauterine growth retardation is noted between 34 weeks and delivery.Static and falling maternal weight and abdominal girth in late pregnancy are all associated with the production of a dysmature baby.When static or decreasing maternal weight and girth were recorded, fetal distress occurred during labour in 23 per cent of the dysmature babies and in 8 per cent of the normal weight babies.There may be an increased incidence both of dysmaturity and of fetal distress in labour in babies of normal weight, among patients whose weight decreases after term.When the uterus is thought to be “small‐for‐dates” in late pregnancy, it is unlikely that the cause is intrauterine growth retardation if the maternal weight is increasing.Of 52 women with essential hypertension in pregnancy, 10 out of 19 who had static or falling weight in late pregnancy, produced dysmature babies, whilst there was no cases of dysmaturity in the 33 women whose weight increased in late pregnancy.Women with pre‐eclampsia and static or falling weight were delivered of more dysmature babies (23 per cent) than those who gained weight (9 per cent dysmature).Of the 9 perinatal losses in the entire study, 8 occurred in cases where there had been static or decreasing weight in late pregnancy.
UNCLASSIFIED ANTEPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE INCIDENCE AND PERINATAL MORTALITY IN A COMMUNITY
Authors: Roberts Geraint 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn a retrospective study of 13656 single births 663 patients had antepartum haemorrhage (4·8 per cent). The incidences of accidental haemorrhage, placenta praevia and “other antepartum haemorrhage” were 2·05, 0·43 and 2·34 per cent respectively. In cases complicated by antepartum haemorrhage there were 66 perinatal deaths; accidental haemorrhage accounted for 65·2 per cent, placenta praevia only 7·6 per cent and “other antepartum haemorrhage” 27·2 per cent.The high perinatal loss in cases of “other antepartum haemorrhage” is particularly associated with prematurity. These findings indicate that patients with painless bleeding in late pregnancy should not be discharged early from hospital simply because the placenta is found to be normally situated. It is suggested that in such patients, rest and observation in hospital should be continued for not less than two weeks after the bleeding has ceased.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FETAL CONDITION AND BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE AMNIOTIC FLUID AT INDUCTION OF LABOUR
Authors: Cohen B. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAmniotic fluid was obtained from 100 patients at the induction of labour by hindwater puncture of the membranes using a Drew‐Smythe catheter. Biochemical estimations of lactate, pyruvate, glucose, urea and Astrup gas analysis of the amniotic fluid were performed. An effort was made to correlate the biochemical findings in the amniotic fluid at the induction of labour with the subsequent occurrence of fetal distress during labour and with the Apgar score at delivery.No significant correlation was found between the various factors analyzed and the later status of the fetus. High levels of lactate were found in the amniotic fluid together with low levels of pH and buffer base associated with high Pco2 values.
THE DETERMINATION OF ZYGOSITY—A STUDY OF 608 PAIRS OF TWINS BORN IN ABERDEEN
Authors: Nylander P. P. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn a survey of 608 pairs of twins born in the city of Aberdeen between 1950–65, zygosity was determined in 440 pairs by sex, blood groups (using nine systems), general appearance and finger printing. There were 345 pairs of dizygotic twins, and 95 pairs were regarded as monozygotic, while 168 pairs of like sexed twins were not available for investigation because of death of one or both twins or migration of the mother.General appearance of the twins and dermatoglyphics gave quite good results when compared with those obtained by blood groups. Placentation as recorded at delivery was not of much help in determination of zygosity.The twinning rate over the 15 years was 12·5 per 1000 deliveries. The expected number of monozygotic twins, calculated by Weinberg's formula, was disproportionately higher in the group of twins that were not available for investigation than in those investigated. The difference was presumed to be due to the higher mortality rate in the former group.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN LEVELS IN NORMAL PREGNANCY AND PREGNANCY COMPLICATED BY HYPERTENSION
Authors: Benster B. , Wood E. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) were measured in 15 non‐pregnant women, 51 normal pregnant women and 83 women with hypertension in pregnancy. In normal pregnant women the mean IgG level was lower than in non‐pregnant women. The mean IgM level rose in late pregnancy, though primigravidae had higher levels than multigravidae. The mean IgA level was increased in pregnant women aged over 25. In patients with hypertension the IgG levels were markedly reduced. The possible significance of these findings is discussed.
THE EFFECT OF HYPOXIA ON THE ENZYME HISTOCHEM1STRY OF PLACENTAL VILLI MAINTAINED IN ORGAN CULTURE
Authors: Fox H. , Kharkongor N. F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryEnzyme histochemical studies have been made on the trophoblast of placental villi maintained in organ culture, some under fully oxygenated conditions and others under hypoxic conditions. Over a period of 96 hours there was little change in the demonstrable trophoblastic enzyme activity of the fully oxygenated villi. In those villi subjected to hypoxia the most notable change was a reduction in trophoblastic dehydrogenase and diaphorase activity; this was noticeable after 48 hours of hypoxia and marked after 96 hours.It is suggested that histochemical demonstration of diminished trophoblastic dehydrogenase activity may be of value in the detection of villous ischaemia.
KARYOTYPIC ABERRATIONS IN CHROMATIN POSITIVE INDIVIDUALS WITH PRIMARY OVARIAN FAILURE
Authors: Turner J. Howard , Charles David , Rankin Joel S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryForty chromatin positive females with primary ovarian failure were studied by cytogenetic and hormonal methods.Aberrant karyotypes were found in 40 per cent. Although a relationship exists between the proportion of chromatin‐positive cells in the buccal smear and the relative frequency of 45X cells in subjects with a 46XX/45X karyotype, many shortcomings are encountered in using buccal smears as an index of the karyotypic status.This study also includes that a constant phenotype can exist in conjunction with a wide range of sex chromosomal patterns.
PREGNANCY FOLLOWING INSERTION OF CARDIAC VALVE PROSTHESES: A REVIEW AND FURTHER CASE REPORT
Authors: Macdonald Hamish N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case of pregnancy after insertion of an aortic Starr Edwards valve is described and other reports have been reviewed.From study of 35 pregnancies in 31 patients with prosthetic heart valves it appears that pregnancy is not an unacceptable hazard. Despite frequent use of anticoagulant drugs, the recorded perinatal mortality is not greatly increased. It is suggested that the best plan is to use long‐acting oral anticoagulants during the antenatal period and heparin over the period of labour.Family planning advice is an important aspect of the problem and for reversible contraception oral contraceptives may be chosen as the risk of thrombo‐embolism will be minimal with the patients on anticoagulants.
THE EFFECT OF PREGNANCY ON THE COLONIC ABSORPTION OF SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND WATER
Authors: Parry E. , Shields R. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effect of pregnancy on colonic absorption of sodium, potassium and water was studied in fifteen pregnant patients using a technique of colonic perfusion. The results were compared with five non‐pregnant subjects. In pregnancy, colonic absorption of sodium and water was significantly increased. The implications of these findings are discussed.
PREDICTION OF URINARY TOTAL OESTROGEN LEVELS FROM THE BLOOD NEUTROPHIL COUNT AND HAEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION IN WOMEN ATTENDING AN INFERTILITY CLINIC
Authors: Cruickshank J. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFrom a survey on 20 infertile women attending an endocrine clinic for a course of gonadotrophic hormone injections, an indirect method of indicating oestrogen production has been devised. By the use of a regression technique pre‐ovulatory urinary total oestrogens can be accurately predicted from haemoglobin and neutrophil values in 70 per cent of cases.As urinary total oestrogen values reflect oestrogen production 24–36 hours previously, the method may provide even more accurate predictions of changing plasma oestradiol levels. The limitations of the technique for indicating urinary oestrogen levels in normal women, and in placental insufficiency and fetal distress, were briefly discussed.
HORMONE LEVELS IN THREATENED ABORTION
Authors: Brown J. B. , Evans J. H. , Beischer N. A. , Campbell D. G. , Fortune D. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFifty‐five patients admitted to hospital with the diagnosis of threatened abortion were assessed by means of urinary oestrogen, pregnanediol and chorionic gonadotrophin assays and by vaginal cytology. Oestrogen excretion was abnormally low (below the first percentile for the period of gestation) in 22 patients all of whom aborted, usually within a week of the measurement. Twenty‐two of the 33 patients with oestrogen values in the normal pregnancy range had pregnancies which continued and resulted in surviving infants. Eleven patients with normal oestrogen values subsequently aborted. These abortions occurred more than one week after the original assessment and usually in the second trimester. Pregnanediol measure ments provided comparable information. In patients who aborted, vaginal cytology and initial chorionic gonadotrophin levels were less useful investigations.
COMPLETE HEART BLOCK IN PREGNANCY TREATED WITH AN INTERNAL CARDIAC PACEMAKER
Authors: Ginns H. M. , Hollinrake K. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case of congenital heart block complicated by Adams‐Stokes attacks treated by the insertion of a permanent fixed‐rate transvenous cardiac pacemaker is reported. No special difficulties were encountered during pregnancy, labour or puerperium except that the site of implantation of the pacemaker battery required revision.With the development of cardiac pacing there is little centra‐indication to pregnancy in such cases. The prognosis is worse in cases of acquired rather than congenital complete heart block.
ELECTRONIC TECHNIQUES IN THE TREATMENT OF FEMALE URINARY INCONTINENCE
Authors: Paterson Peter J. , Harrison Neville W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe results of electronic treatment in 29 incontinent women are described. The implanted stimulator was employed in 3 patients but was associated with a number of technical failures and complications. The electrode‐bearing vaginal pessary produced worthwhile results in more than half of the patients. It is considered to have a place in selected cases in which surgery is contraindicated.
CORRELATIONS BETWEEN HUMAN CHORIONIC SOMATO‐MAMMOTROPHIN (LACTOGEN), IMMUNOREACTIVE INSULIN, GLUCOSE AND LIPID FRACTIONS IN PLASMA OF PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Fioretti P. , Genazzani A. R. , Aubert M. L. , Gragnoli G. , Pupillo A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe authors have assayed in 81 pregnancies, at various stages of gestation, the fasting values of plasma lipids, non‐esterified fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, glucose and immunoreactive insulin, and have compared the findings with the values of immuno‐reactive human chorionic somato‐mammotropin assayed in the same women and in a further 31 pregnancies.On the bases of the results obtained and the biological activity of HCS, the importance of this hormonal peptide in the determination of the modifications of the metabolism of glucose and lipids is confirmed. The biological activities of HCS have also been compared with those of other hormonal factors which undergo particular increases in pregnancy (thyrotrophic, adrenocorticotrophic hormones and chorionic gonadotrophin). The pathogenesis of alterations in the glucoselipids metabolism of the pregnant women have been interpreted in the light of the glucose‐fatty‐acid cycle of Randle.
EFFECT OF ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE ON URINARY OESTROGENS AND VAGINAL EPITHELIUM IN OVARIECTOMIZED PATIENTS
Authors: Zárate Arturo , Hernández‐Ayup Samuel , Canales Elias S. , Munguía Héctor , Franco Esther 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIncreased urinary oestrogen excretion was observed in 8 out of 10 oöphorectomized women who were given intravenous adrenocorticotrophic hormone for two consecutive days. The maturation index of the vaginal epithelium showed an oestrogenic response.
AMNIOTIC FLUID CREATININE IN NORMAL AND ABNORMAL PREGNANCIES
Authors: Roopnarinesingh Syam 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAmniotic fluid creatinine values were studied in normal, toxaemic and diabetic pregnancies. In normal patients, there was a consistent linear rise as pregnancy progressed, although there were variations in the levels at each stage of pregnancy in different patients. There was also a linear rise in toxaemia, but levels were much higher than in normal pregnancy at the same period of gestation, although the rate of increase was similar. In both groups, there was a significant correlation between birthweight and creatinine values.
HYPERFLEXION OF THE SMALL‐FOR‐DATES FETUS
Authors: Croall J. , Grech P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOf 93 small‐for‐dates fetuses X‐rayed in utero, 12 were considered to be hyperflexed. Of 47 grossly small‐for‐dates fetuses (corrected birthweights 200 g. or more below the 5th percentile of birthweights), 10 showed hyperflexion; 8 of these were delivered vaginally; 3 died during labour and one was born severely asphyxiated.
EXTRAMEMBRANOUS PREGNANCY AND AMNIORRHOEA
Authors: Kohler H. G. , Peel K. R. , Hoar Rosemary A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case of extramembranous pregnancy is reported; it was associated with brown vaginal discharge at 15 weeks and loss of liquor amriii from 16 weeks. The infant was born alive in the 28th week but died after three hours. At autopsy the volume of the body was found to be more than three times the capacity of the sac of membranes. The external appearance of the infant resembled that of bilateral renal agenesis, but no anomaly of the urinary organs was detected.A unique feature of this case was superficial linear skin grooves on the fetus caused by the free margin of the membranes.
A COMPARISON BETWEEN PETHIDINE AND PHENAZOCINE (NARPHEN) FOR RELIEF OF PAIN IN LABOUR
Authors: Grant A. M. , Holt E. M. , Noble A. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA double‐blind study was made comparing pethidine 150 mg. with phenazocine (Narphen) 3 mg. for relief of pain in labour. In these doses neither pethidine nor phenazocine gave consistently effective analgesia.Phenazocine was less effective as an analgesia but had a lower incidence of side effects and fetal depression. It was concluded that the doses chosen were not equivalent.
A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF PENTAZOCINE AND PETHIDINE ADMINISTERED DURING LABOUR
Authors: Moore J. , Carson R. M. , Hunter R. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA double‐blind between‐patient study was carried out to compare the efficacy of pentazocine 40 mg. and pethidine 100 mg. and 50 mg. for the relief of pain during labour. After the first injection pentazocine 40 mg. and pethidine 100 mg. produced a comparable degree of analgesia. The second injection of pentazocine 40 mg. was not as effective as the second injection of pethidine 100 mg. but this may be because the duration of action of pentazocine is shorter. Side effects were not very serious with either drug, but vomiting was more common after pethidine injections; hallucinations occurred in some instances after the higher doses of pethidine.
EFFECTS OF DAILY ADMINISTRATION OF A RETROSTEROID ON THE PLASMA LEVELS OF PROGESTERONE AND ON THE URINARY EXCRETION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND TOTAL OESTROGENS
Authors: Larsson‐Cohn U. , Johansson E. D. B. , Wide L. , Gemzell C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFollowing one control cycle, four women were treated with 4 mg. daily of the retrosteroid Ro 6‐3129 during two menstrual cycles. Judged by the plasma levels of progesterone and the urinary excretion of LH and total oestrogens, the control and treatment cycles were ovulatory.One apparently normal pregnancy and one very early spontaneous abortion occurred. There was a tendency to a reduction of the length of the follicular phase of the treatment cycles, possibly related to the medication.
BILHARZIASIS OF THE CERVIX UTERI
Authors: Youssef Abdel Fattah , Fayad Mohamed M. , Shafeek M. Alaa‐El‐Din 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe cervix is the commonest site in the female genital tract to be affected by bilharziasis. The pathology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of bilharziasis of the cervix are discussed on the basis of experience in 121 cases. Attention is drawn to the aetiological significance of bilharziasis of the cervix in the development of carcinoma, and the clinico‐pathological peculiarities of bilharzial carcinoma of the cervix are described.