bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exaggerated pigmented granulomatous reaction to the artificial joint implant mimics metastatic melanoma
Authors: Xin Wei , Davenport Robertson D. , Chang Alfred E. , Michael Claire W. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractTotal joint replacement is a common orthopedic procedure. An artificial joint implant may fail due to mechanical mishap and a granulomatous reaction can be induced by the artificial joint debris after the mechanical failure. We report a case of an exaggerated pigmented granulomatous tissue response to metallic artificial joint implant debris in a 72‐yr‐old male that was mistaken for metastatic melanoma. The mass was soft, pigmented, ill‐defined, and located in the right inguinal region. Fine‐needle aspiration revealed numerous black‐pigment laden cells. The cellular features were frequently obscured by the heavy pigmentation. Occasional cells exhibited atypia and prominent nucleoli. There were also abundant extracellular irregular small black particles dispersed in the background. The diagnosis of melanoma involving a lymph node was made. Since there was no prior history of melanoma, it was presumed that this represented metastatic melanoma from an unknown primary. A subsequent exploration of the groin was performed with the intent to resect the disease. At exploration, the mass was found to be contiguous with the hip joint and the frozen section of the mass revealed no evidence of melanoma. The final tissue diagnosis confirmed the frozen section report and showed a granulomatous reaction. This report underscores the diagnostic dilemma associated with the exaggerated pigmented granulomatous reaction due to an artificial prosthesis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:198–200. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytologic‐histologic correlations in the diagnosis of inverted sinonasal papilloma
Authors: Gould Victor E. , Manosca Frances , Reddy Vijaya B. , Gattuso Paolo 
Published: February 2004

AbstractWe present cytologic data from multiple samples from two cases of inverted sinonasal papilloma (ISP). These samples displayed the entire spectrum of squamous cell changes, including benign squamous papilloma, variable degrees of dysplasia, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. In all instances, the cytologic impression coincided with the final diagnosis based on frozen and/or permanent histologic sections from the same samples. We suggest that cytologic examination be viewed as a useful initial approach in the diagnosis of ISP, and in the differential diagnosis of other tumors that occur in the same sites. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:201–207. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Systematic temporal variation in the rate of spontaneous eye blinking in human infants
Authors: Bacher Leigh F. , Smotherman William P. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe rate of spontaneous eye blinking, a putative index of central dopamine activity based on neuropharmacological and clinical research, has been linked to cognitive activity and behavioral state. Although many species have been studied, few researchers have examined spontaneous eye blinking in human infants. Human infants between 10 and 12 weeks of age were observed before, during, and after a feeding or during attention to visual stimuli. Infants blinked spontaneously several times per minute, and their blinking rate increased during feeding and after the appearance of new visual stimuli. These systematic changes in the rate of spontaneous blinking under controlled conditions suggest that spontaneous blinking rate may reflect reliable variation in central nervous system activity that underlies behavioral and cognitive responses to salient or novel stimuli. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 44: 140–145, 2004.
Associative learning and memory in a chimpanzee fetus: Learning and long‐lasting memory before birth
Authors: Kawai Nobuyuki , Morokuma Seiichi , Tomonaga Masaki , Horimoto Naoki , Tanaka Masayuki 
Published: February 2004

AbstractWe tested whether a chimpanzee fetus could form an association between an extrauterine tone and vibroacoustic stimulation (VAS) using classical conditioning treatment. Two kinds of pure tone were used as the conditioned stimuli, one where a 500‐Hz tone was always followed by a VAS of 80 Hz (110 gal), the unconditioned stimulus (US), and another where a 1000‐Hz tone was never followed by a VAS. This treatment was repeated 156 times in total until natural labor at 233 days of gestational age. Behavioral tests on the 33rd and 58th days after birth revealed a differential response to the tones: The infant displayed an exaggerated response to the 500‐Hz tone, but not to the 1000‐Hz tone. Other naïve chimpanzee infants did not show any response to either tone, which suggests that a chimpanzee fetus can distinguish between tones and form an association, and that it retains such information for at least 2 months after birth. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 44: 116–122, 2004.
Correlated attributes and categorization in the first half‐year of life
Authors: Bhatt Ramesh S. , Wilk Amy , Hill Debra , Rovee‐Collier Carolyn 
Published: February 2004

AbstractIn two experiments with 36 human infants, we asked whether 3‐ and 6‐month‐olds could use correlations between attributes of individual objects to categorize. Infants learned to kick to move block mobiles that simultaneously displayed two categories defined by the figures displayed on them: the colors of the figures and the colors of the blocks. Two features were correlated, and the third varied across categories. Only 6‐month‐olds categorized novel category exemplars that preserved the original feature correlations (Experiment 1A), but both 3‐ and 6‐month‐olds discriminated feature recombinations that broke the original correlations (Experiment 1B). When category exemplars were presented successively, 6‐month‐olds also learned the feature correlations and used them to categorize (Experiment 2), but their performance was less robust. Infants' superior learning when stimuli were presented simultaneously may reflect “unitization,” a learning disposition unique to immature infants. These experiments reveal that infants' ability to use correlated attributes to categorize emerges months earlier than previously thought. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 44: 103–115, 2004.
Localized expression of drm/gremlin in the central nervous system of the chicken embryo
Authors: Huillard Emmanuelle , Marx Maria 
Published: February 2004

AbstractDrm/Gremlin is a member of the Dan family of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists known to function in vertebrate limb outgrowth and lung morphogenesis. Its expression detected in neurons and astrocytes of the adult brain suggested a possible role in brain morphogenesis and/or neuronal versus glial differentiation. To investigate this role, we analysed its expression pattern in the central nervous system of the chicken embryo, by in situ hybridization. In the brain, we found that drm is mainly expressed in the medial pallium in the dorsal telencephalon and in the ventral diencephalon. drm was detected in the meninges of the spinal cord. We also found that drm was expressed in the developing optic nerve and at the optic nerve/pecten junction. In all these territories, distinct bmps are expressed. Taken together, these data suggest that Drm could play a role in the development of the medial pallium and during optic nerve and pecten development by modulating BMP signaling. Developmental Dynamics 229:688–694, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In ovo electroporation of avian somites
Authors: Scaal Martin , Gros Jerome , Lesbros Cynthia , Marcelle Christophe 
Published: February 2004

AbstractIn ovo electroporation is a well‐established method of gene transfer into neural and mesenchymal tissue in chick embryos. Electroporation of somites, however, has been hampered by low efficiency due to technical difficulties. Here, we present a powerful technique to electroporate avian somites and subpopulations of somitic cells at high efficiency in ovo. We demonstrate specific targeting of distinct somitic compartments and their derivatives using single or combinations of plasmid expression vectors. This technique opens new perspectives to investigate the morphologic and genetic basis of somite development. Developmental Dynamics 229:643–650, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NeuroD induces the expression of visinin and calretinin by proliferating cells derived from toxin‐damaged chicken retina
Authors: Fischer Andy J. , Wang Shu‐Zhen , Reh Thomas A. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractMüller glia have been shown to be a potential source of neural regeneration in the avian retina. In response to acute damage Müller glia de‐differentiate, proliferate, express transcription factors found in embryonic retinal progenitors, and some of the progeny differentiate into neurons and glia (Fischer and Reh [2001a] Nat. Neurosci. 4:247–252). However, most of the cells produced by proliferating Müller cells appear to remain undifferentiated. The purpose of this study was to test whether the neurogenic gene NeuroD can promote the differentiation of proliferating cells derived from the postnatal chick retina. We used recombinant avian retroviruses to transfect green fluorescent protein (GFP) or NeuroD. The majority of cells transfected with GFP remained undifferentiated, with a few cells differentiating into calretinin‐immunoreactive neurons. Many cells transfected with the NeuroD‐virus expressed calretinin, neurofilament, or visinin, while most cells remained undifferentiated. The number of calretinin‐expressing cells that were generated was increased approximately 20‐fold with forced expression of NeuroD. In addition, we found that cells transfected with NeuroD never expressed glutamine synthetase, a marker of mature Müller glia, suggesting that NeuroD suppresses glial differentiation. We conclude that NeuroD stimulates cells from the toxin‐damaged chicken retina to acquire some neuronal phenotypes. We propose that most of these cells were derived from Müller glia. Developmental Dynamics 229:555–563, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic patterns of apoptosis in the developing chicken heart
Authors: Schaefer Katherine S. , Doughman Yong Qiu , Fisher Steven A. , Watanabe Michiko 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe outflow tract (OFT) is abnormal in many congenital heart defects. One critical mechanism for morphogenesis of this complex structure is apoptosis. Chicken embryos (stages 19–38; ED4–10) stained with a fluorescent supravital lysosomal dye (LysoTracker Red; LTR) revealed the three‐dimensional relationship between structural changes and apoptosis. The LTR staining peaked in the OFT myocardium at stages 27–32, consistent with our previous analyses using other apoptosis assays. While LTR stained under both the pulmonary artery and the aorta, it was most prevalent in the subaortic myocardium before its elimination. Furthermore, LTR staining was most abundant in the myocardium under intensely cytokeratin‐positive, thick epicardium. These data support the hypothesis that temporally and spatially restricted apoptosis in the OFT myocardium allows the aorta and pulmonary artery to dock at the appropriate angle and level with the proper ventricle. These data also support a relationship between the differentiating epicardium and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Developmental Dynamics 229:489–499, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A primer on using in ovo electroporation to analyze gene function
Authors: Krull Catherine E. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe chicken embryo has served as a classic model system for developmental studies due to its easy access for surgical manipulations and a wealth of data about chicken embryogenesis. Notably, the mechanisms controlling limb development have been explored best in the chick. Recently, the method of in ovo electroporation has been used successfully to transfect particular cells/tissues during embryonic development, without the production or infectivity associated with retroviruses. With the sequencing of the chicken genome near completion, this approach will provide a powerful opportunity to examine the function of chicken genes and their counterparts in other species. In ovo electroporation has been most effectively used to date for ectopic or overexpression analyses. However, recent studies indicate that this approach can be used successfully for loss‐of‐function analyses, including protein knockdown experiments with morpholinos and RNAi. Here, I will discuss parameters for using in ovo electroporation successfully to study developmental processes. Developmental Dynamics 229:433–439, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of chicken Nf2/merlin indicates regulatory roles in cell proliferation and migration
Authors: Chen Y. , Gutmann D.H. , Haipek C.A. , Martinsen B.J. , Bronner‐Fraser M. , Krull C.E. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) tumor suppressor protein merlin, or schwannomin, functions as a negative growth regulator such that inactivating mutations in Nf2 predispose humans to tumors. In addition, merlin has a critical role during embryonic development. Nf2‐deficient mice die early during embryogenesis, with defects in gastrulation and extraembryonic tissues. To investigate the function of Nf2/merlin during embryonic development, we first identified the homologous Nf2 gene in chicken (cNf2) and examined the distribution of chicken merlin (c‐merlin) during myogenesis. cNf2 encoded a full‐length mRNA of 1,770 nucleotides and a protein of 589 residues. C‐merlin shared high sequence homology and common protein motifs with vertebrate and Drosophila merlins. In addition, cNF2 functions as a negative growth regulator similar to human and Drosophila merlin in vitro. In vivo, c‐merlin was expressed diffusely in the forming dermomyotome but down‐regulated in migratory muscle precursors in the forelimb. As muscle formed in the limb, c‐merlin expression was up‐regulated. As an initial examination of c‐merlin function during myogenesis, c‐merlin was ectopically expressed in muscle precursors and the effects on muscle development were examined. We show that ectopic merlin expression reduces the proliferation of muscle precursors as well as their ability to migrate effectively in limb mesoderm. Collectively, these results demonstrate that c‐merlin is developmentally regulated in migrating and differentiating myogenic cells, where it functions as a negative regulator of both muscle growth and motility. Developmental Dynamics 229:541–554, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic expression of Lef/Tcf family members and β‐catenin during chick gastrulation, neurulation, and early limb development
Authors: Schmidt Maike , Patterson Margaret , Farrell Elizabeth , Münsterberg Andrea 
Published: February 2004

AbstractMembers of the Lef/Tcf family of HMG‐box transcription factors mediate the response to Wnt as part of the canonical Wnt signaling cascade. Positive and negative cofactors, including β‐catenin, CtBP, and Smad3, regulate the activity of Lef/Tcf transcription complexes. Interaction of Lef/Tcfs with β‐catenin results in target gene activation or repression, depending on the context. Here, we report the cloning of a novel chick Tcf‐1 splice variant and of a partial cDNA for chick Tcf‐3. We describe their expression patterns during early development and have compared them with the expression profiles of Lef‐1 and β‐catenin. We found restricted patterns during gastrulation, neurulation, somitogenesis, and early limb development. β‐catenin and Lef/Tcf expression did not always coincide, indicating developmental contexts in which Lef/Tcf proteins may interact with other cofactors and conversely, the areas in which β‐catenin may interact with other coregulators, or be involved in regulating adhesive properties of cells. Developmental Dynamics 229:703–707, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enteric nervous system patterning in the avian hindgut
Authors: Doyle Adele M. , Roberts Drucilla J. , Goldstein Allan M. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe enteric nervous system (ENS) is principally derived from vagal and sacral neural crest cells that migrate throughout the gastrointestinal tract before differentiating into neurons and glia. These cells form two concentric rings of ganglia and regulate intestinal motility, absorption, and secretion. Abnormalities of ENS development can lead to disorders of intestinal function, including Hirschsprung's disease. These disorders are generally limited to the distal hindgut, suggesting unique features to development of this region. This study characterized the normal spatiotemporal development of the ENS within the avian hindgut. Neural crest cells begin to populate the hindgut at E8, with patterning of both plexuses complete by embryonic day 9. Crest‐derived cells arrive in the submucosal layer before the myenteric layer, as well as differentiate to a neuronal phenotype first. The cloaca demonstrates a unique pattern, characterized by a disorganized myenteric plexus and a flattened nerve of Remak. Detailed understanding of normal avian hindgut ENS development will allow better utilization of this model system to study abnormalities of the intestinal nervous system. Developmental Dynamics 229:708–712, 2004 © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ventral tail bud mesenchyme is a signaling center for tail paraxial mesoderm induction
Authors: Liu Chunqiao , Knezevic Vladimir , Mackem Susan 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA large body of evidence from several systems indicates that formation of the vertebrate tail is morphogenetically continuous with gastrulation, including neural inducing activity in descendants of the gastrula organizer. However, the signaling centers and molecular events regulating tail mesoderm induction and its organized elongation remain poorly defined. In mammals, the ventral ectoderm ridge (VER) is essential to maintain ongoing formation of paraxial mesoderm and somitogenesis in cultures of intact tail. Avian tail buds contain a similar VER structure. Here, we report that the chick ventral tail bud operates as a signaling center for paraxial mesoderm induction. By using “organizer” style grafting assays to early host embryos, we found that ventral tail bud was able to induce elongated paraxial mesodermal extensions and that the ventral tail bud mesenchyme underlying the VER is both necessary and sufficient for the induction in this assay system. Our observations combined with those of others suggest that interplay between several different signaling centers in the amniote tail bud regulates the coordinate induction and elongation of axial and paraxial structures in the developing tail. Developmental Dynamics 229:600–606, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Specificity of self‐concept disturbances in eating disorders
Authors: Jacobi Corinna , Paul Thomas , de Zwaan Martina , Nutzinger Detlef O. , Dahme Bernhard 
Published: February 2004

AbstractObjectivesThe current study examined self‐concept deficits among three diagnostic groups of eating‐disordered patients, evaluated the relationship between self‐concept deficits and depression, and addressed the specificity of self‐concept deficits in eating‐disordered patients.MethodThree groups of eating‐disordered patients (anorexia nervosa, N = 33; bulimia nervosa, N = 38; binge eating disorder, N = 28) were first compared to three matched healthy control groups and then to two psychiatric comparison groups (patients with anxiety disorders, N = 37; patients with depressive disorders, N = 37).ResultsAll three groups of eating‐disordered patients displayed lower self‐esteem and higher feelings of ineffectiveness compared with the healthy controls, even after controlling for depression. Differences in self‐esteem and ineffectiveness were also found between eating‐disordered patients and psychiatric controls. However, not all of the differences were significant. In addition, the psychiatric controls also exhibited lower self‐esteem than normative samples.DiscussionFindings suggest that self‐concept deficits are more pronounced in eating‐disordered patients but cannot be regarded as highly specific. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 35: 204–210, 2004.
Eating disorders symptomatology and inpatient treatment experience in eating‐disordered subjects
Authors: Milos Gabriella , Spindler Anja , Buddeberg Claus , Ruggiero Giovanni 
Published: February 2004

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to examine whether eating disorder (ED) subjects with and without a history of inpatient treatment differ in the severity of symptoms as measured by the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI‐1).MethodIn a sample of 222 women (66 women with anorexia nervosa, 126 women with bulimia nervosa, and 30 women with eating disorders not otherwise specified), the history of inpatient treatment was assessed and the EDI was administered.ResultsFifty percent of the participants had received previous inpatient treatment. The group with past inpatient treatment had significantly higher scores on the EDI subscales Body Dissatisfaction, Ineffectiveness, and Interpersonal Distrust than the group without inpatient treatment experience.DiscussionED subjects with and without inpatient treatment showed different profiles on the EDI subscales. The fact that these two groups differ in specific ED symptoms may represent a bias in ED studies when samples with heterogeneous treatment contact history are recruited. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 35: 161–168, 2004.
An evaluation of web‐based information
Authors: Murphy Rebecca , Frost Susie , Webster Peter , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: February 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the quality of web‐based information on the treatment of eating disorders and to investigate potential indicators of content quality.MethodTwo search engines were queried to obtain 15 commonly accessed websites about eating disorders. Two reviewers evaluated the characteristics, quality of content, and accountability of the sites. Intercorrelations between variables were calculated.ResultsThe overall quality of the sites was poor based on the outcome measures used. All quality of content measures correlated with a measure of accountability (Silberg, W.M., Lundberg, G.D., & Mussachio, R.A., 1993).DiscussionThere is a lack of quality information on the treatment of eating disorders on the web. Although accountability criteria may be useful indicators of content quality, there is a need to investigate whether these can be usefully applied to other mental health areas. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 35: 145–154, 2004.