bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A linear diagnosis of the coupled extratropical ocean–atmosphere system in the GFDL GCM
Authors: Newman Matthew , Alexander Michael A. , Winkler Christopher R. , Scott James D. , Barsugli Joseph J. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractDiagnosing a coupled system with linear inverse modelling (LIM) can provide insight into the nature and strength of the coupling. This technique is applied to the cold season output of the GFDL GCM, forced by observed tropical Pacific SSTs and including a slab mixed layer ocean model elsewhere. It is found that extratropical SST anomalies act to enhance atmospheric thermal variability and diminish barotropic variability over the east Pacific in these GCM runs, in agreement with other theoretical and modelling studies. North‐west Atlantic barotropic variability is also enhanced. However, all these feedbacks are very weak. LIM results also suggest that North Pacific extratropical SST anomalies in this model would rapidly decay without atmospheric forcing induced by tropical SST anomalies. Copyright © 2000 Royal Meteorological Society.
Lewis Acid-Mediated Carboxylation of Aryl- and Allylsilanes with Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Hattori Tetsutaro , Suzuki Yutaka , Miyano Sotaro 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Aryl- and allylsilanes are carboxylated with CO2 with the aid of aluminum-based Lewis acids, to give aromatic and β,γ-unsaturated carboxylic acids in fair to good yields, respectively. Formation of the former is rationalized by an aromatic electrophilic substitution by CO2 activated by the Lewis acid, while the latter a nucleophilic addition of in situ-generated allylaluminum species to CO2.
Conflict resolution in women is related to trait aggression and menstrual cycle phase
Authors: Bond Alyson J. , Critchlow D. Gail , Wingrove Janet 
Published: April 2003

AbstractTwenty‐four women with a diagnosis of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and 18 controls took part in a study of patterns of female aggression. They completed a version of the Conflict Tactics Scale for a premenstrual and a follicular phase of their menstrual cycle and for the past year. The Life History of Aggression was completed during a clinician interview. The women used more aggressive tactics to solve conflicts in the premenstrual than in the follicular phase, but the difference was only significant for the PMDD group. During the past year, reasoning was the most common strategy used by women to resolve conflicts, but verbal aggression was also prevalent. Although physical violence was less common, the prevalence of any act of violence was 33% in the controls and 62% in the clinical group. Women with PMDD used both verbal and physical aggression more frequently than the controls and had a higher lifetime history of aggression. Aggression by women toward partners was associated with a general tendency to act aggressively. Aggr. Behav. 29:228–238, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhanced Hydrogenation Activity and Recycling of Cationic Rhodium Diphosphine Complexes through the Use of Highly Fluorous and Weakly‐Coordinating Tetraphenylborate Anions
Authors: van den Broeke Joep , de Wolf Elwin , Deelman Berth‐Jan , van Koten Gerard 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe effect of the nature of the anion on the performance of ionic rhodium catalysts has received little attention. Herein it is shown that the use of highly fluorous tetraphenylborate anions can enhance catalyst activity in both conventional and fluorous media. For hydrogenation catalysts of the type [Rh(COD)(dppb)][X] {COD=1,5‐cis,cis‐cyclooctadiene; dppb=1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphino)butane; X=BF4− (1a), [BPh4]− (1b), [B{C6H4(SiMe3)‐4}4]− (1c), [B{C6H3(CF3)2‐3,5}4]− (1d), [B{C6H4(SiMe2CH2CH2C6F13)‐4}4]− (1e), [B{C6H4(C6F13)‐4}4]− (1f) and [B{C6H3(C6F13)2‐3,5}4]− (1 g)} the activity towards the hydrogenation of 1‐octene in acetone increased in the order 1c <1b <1e <1a <1d ~ 1f <1g with 1g being twice as active as the commonly applied 1a. Despite the fluorophilic character introduced by the substituted tetraarylborate anions, the presence of some perfluoroalkyl‐substituents in the cation was still required for achieving high partition coefficients. Therefore, [Rh(COD)(Ar2PCH2CH2PAr2)][X] {Ar=C6H4(SiMe2CH2CH2C6F13)‐4, X=[B{C6H3(C6F13)2‐3,5}4]− (3f); Ar=C6H4(SiMe(CH2CH2C6F13)2)‐4 and X=[B{C6H4(C6F13)‐4}4]− (2g)} were prepared, which were active in the hydrogenation of 1‐octene, 2g even more so than 3f. Both these highly fluorous catalysts could be recycled with 99% efficiency through fluorous biphasic separation, whereas the corresponding BF4− complex of 2g (2a) did not show any affinity for the fluorous phase.
High Atom Efficiency in Sc(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Allylation of Aldehydes with Tetraallyltin
Authors: Nagano Yoshifumi , Orita Akihiro , Otera Junzo 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe high atom efficiency was achieved through addition of Ac2O in the Sc(OTf)3‐catalyzed allylation of aldehyde with tetraallytin in a 4 : 1 molar ratio.
Causes of homelessness in the UK: a dynamic analysis
Authors: Anderson Isobel , Christian Julie 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThis article presents an analysis of the causes of homelessness in the UK, and develops the notion that the bulk of the research has focused on ‘discrete’ causes of homelessness, which has been important for enhancing our knowledge, but has also led to gaps in our understanding. To this end, the article begins outlining the benefits of the pathways approach, acknowledging the potential contributions of this approach rather than fully developing the argument, and placing it in a wider context. This article concludes by discussing implications for a more dynamic explanation of homelessness and the impact that it is likely to have on both policy and research in the UK. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erfolgsmodelle von Anlagenplanungsunternehmen in der Feinchemie
Authors: Schlüter V. , Hoff D. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractEine Reihe von unterschiedlich ausgerichteten Engineering‐Unternehmen hat sich auf die spezifischen Anforderungen der Planung von Anlagen für die Herstellung von Feinchemikalien und Pharmawirkstoffen spezialisiert. Den Auftraggebern wie auch den Dienstleistern stellt sich die Frage, welche Unternehmen bzw. Unternehmensmodelle die Kundenbedürfnisse in diesem Segment am besten treffen. Welche Beauftragungsform ist dabei die effizienteste? Ist es die Vergabe an einen Generalunternehmer, gegebenenfalls mit einer Lump‐Sum‐Turnkey‐Beauftragung? Oder fährt der Auftraggeber besser mit Einzelplanungs‐Aufträgen? Eine Studie mit dem Schwerpunkt mitteleuropäische Feinchemie‐ und Pharmaindustrie zeigt: Es gibt keine standardisierbare Engineering‐Lösung. Jedes Geschäftsmodell hat spezifische Vor‐ und Nachteile; daraus müssen sich die Partner ihr individuelles Muster entwerfen. Die jeweilige Vertragsform hängt von vielen Komponenten ab – vom Produkt, vom Zeit‐ bzw. Kostendruck und nicht zuletzt von der verbliebenen Engineering‐Kompetenz des Auftraggebers.
Münsterberg's nightmare: Psychology and history in fin‐de‐siècle Germany and America
Authors: Stoffers Manuel 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThis article demonstrates that Hugo Münsterberg's presidential address “Psychology and History,” delivered to the American Psychological Association in 1898, should be understood in the German context of the 1890s. It constituted a response to a central feature of fin‐de‐siècle culture in Europe, the revolt against positivism. To be more precise, Münsterberg reacted against a new intellectual trend that was arising in Germany in the middle 1890s: the call for a historically oriented social psychology put forward by Wilhelm Dilthey—who was explicitly attacking Münsterberg's physiological conception of psychology—and new cultural historians like Karl Lamprecht and others who seemed to be putting Dilthey's program into practice. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of the First Organometallic Miktoarm Star Polymer
Authors: Wang Xiao Song , Winnik Mitchell A. , Manners Ian 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe first organometallic miktoarm star copolymer, PFS(PI)3 (PFS = polyferrocenyldimethylsilane, PI = polyisoprene) with PDI of 1.04 was synthesized through anionic polymerization by using SiCl4 as the coupling agent and its well‐defined structure was characterized by using GPC and 1H NMR spectroscopy. In contrast to analogous diblock copolymers with similar PFS volume fractions which self‐assemble to form cylindrical structures, PFS(PI)3 formed unimolecular micelles in the PI selective solvent, hexane.
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Increased frequency of gastrin‐releasing peptide receptor gene mutations during colon‐adenocarcinoma progression
Authors: Glover Sarah C. , Tretiakova Maria S. , Carroll Robert E. , Benya Richard V. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractEpithelial cells lining the mature human colon do not normally express receptors for gastrin‐releasing peptide (GRPR). In contrast, we have shown that when aberrantly expressed in functional form in colon cancer, this protein acted as a morphogen where it caused tumor cells to adopt a better‐differentiated phenotype. Importantly, GRPR mRNA is ubiquitously mutated in human colon cancer cell lines, with inactivating mutations detected in all cell lines not expressing functional receptor. Since colon cancers are heterogeneously differentiated, we set out to determine if the GRPR gene was mutated as a function of tumor cell differentiation in archived human colon cancers. We used laser capture microscopy to dissect out 67 regions of defined differentiation from 20 human colon cancers randomly selected from the UIC GI Tumor Bank. Except for two polymorphisms, the GRPR gene was not mutated in nonmalignant epithelial cells. In contrast, 42 distinct mutations were identified in malignant cells. Overall mutation number inversely correlated with the degree of tumor cell differentiation. Within any cancer, all GRPR mutations found within better‐differentiated cells were conserved in more poorly‐differentiated cells; while all poorly‐differentiated cells contained mutations resulting in GRPR pharmacological inactivation. These data suggest that accumulation of mutations within the GRPR gene ultimately resulting in the production of nonfunctional receptors may represent a previously unappreciated mechanism allowing for the dedifferentiation of tumor cells within any particular colon cancer; and that poorly‐differentiated tumor cells within any individual cancer may arise clonally from their better‐differentiated precursors. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a technique for modelling clay liner desiccation
Authors: Zhou Y. , Kerry Rowe R. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThis paper presents a model for the analysis of clay liner desiccation in a landfill barrier system due to temperature effects. The model incorporates consideration of fully coupled heat‐moisture‐air flow, a non‐linear constitutive relationship, the dependence of void ratio and volumetric water content on stress, capillary pressure and temperature, and the effect of mechanical deformation on all governing equations. Mass conservative numerical schemes are proposed to improve the accuracy of the finite element solution to the governing equations. The application of the model is then demonstrated by examining three test problems, including isothermal infiltration, heat conduction and non‐isothermal water and heat transport. Comparisons are made with results from literature, and good agreement is observed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the LO‐polaron dispersion in D dimensions
Authors: Gerlach B. , Kalina F. , Smondyrev M. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWe discuss the (LO)polaron dispersion for arbitrary spatial dimension D. Firstly, we review the existing literature; recent numerical work is critically analyzed. Secondly, we derive novel upper bounds for the dispersion, which incorporate the correct behaviour of the dispersion up to third order of the coupling constant α. A totally analytical evaluation is performed in the case D = 1. We compare the upper bounds with previously published lower bounds. Apart from a surrounding of zero dispersion, the relative deviation is on a few‐percent scale.
THz intersubband dynamics in p‐Si/SiGe quantum well emitter structures
Authors: Pidgeon C. R. , Murzyn P. , Wells J‐P. R. , Ikonic Z. , Kelsall R. W. , Harrison P. , Lynch S. A. , Paul D. J. , Arnone D. D. , Robbins D. J. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWe report time‐resolved (ps) studies of the dynamics of intersubband transitions in p‐Si/SiGe multi‐quantum well structures in the FIR regime, ħω < ħωLO, utilizing the Dutch free electron laser, FELIX. The calculated scattering rates have been included in a rate equation model of the transient FIR intersubband absorption, and are in excellent agreement with our degenerate pump‐probe spectroscopy measurements where after an initial rise time determined by the resolution of our measurement, we determine a decay time of ∼10 ps. In strong contrast to similar measurements on p‐GaAs quantum wells, this is found to be approximately constant in the temperature range from 4 to 100 K, in good agreement with the predictions of alloy scattering in the Si0.7Ge0.3 wells.
Space–time approach to quantum chaos
Authors: Steiner F. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIn the first part of this paper, it is shown that the energy levels of a quantum system, whose classical limit is chaotic, encode certain space–time properties of the corresponding classical system. To see this, one considers the semiclassical limit as Planck's constant tends to zero. As a generalization of Mark Kac's famous question, it is demonstrated that “one can hear the periodic orbits of a quantum billiard”. In the second part, some mathematical aspects of the semiclassical limit are reviewed. In order to deal with expressions that are mathematically easier to control, one does not work with the path integral directly, but instead with a smoothed kernel corresponding to a well‐defined Fourier integral operator. Applying then the techniques from microlocal analysis and pseudodifferential operators, one arrives at a semiclassical trace formula which is a generalization of the Gutzwiller trace formula originally derived from the path integral. In the third part of this paper, the Hadamard–Gutzwiller model is discussed whose classical limit is a strongly chaotic (Anosov) system. In order to derive exact orbit sum rules for this model, one requires the path integral on hyperbolic D‐space (D ≥ 2) which can be exactly solved by using the general lattice definition of path integrals in curvilinear coordinates.
Spatial correlation effects in the charged impurity distribution on the electronic properties of δ‐doped structures
Authors: van de Stadt A. F. W. , Koenraad P. M. , Shi J. M. , Wolter J. H. , Devreese J. T. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIn this paper we will show that the δ‐doped GaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs quantum barrier is an ideal system to study deep centers in narrow doping layers with high doping density. By varying the Al content in the barrier, the distance between the Fermi‐level and the deep level can be tuned and therefore the number of populated states. By applying hydrostatic pressure this number can be further increased. Our measurements show that in these δ‐doped barrier structures electrons are trapped under hydrostatic pressure and that the quantum mobility is enhanced. This mobility enhancement can be explained by MC calculations which include the effect of the spatial correlation of the charge distribution when the deep state is the DX center and has a negative charge state. The fact that we do not observe a PPC effect or a significant change in the mobility after illumination at high pressure suggest that the Fermi‐level is pinned by a non‐metastable deep state like the A1 state or that the DX center is modified.
Toxicity Mode‐of‐action: Discrimination via Infrared Spectra And Eigenvalues of the Modified Adjacency Matrix
Authors: Pino Anna , Giuliani Alessandro , Benigni Romualdo 
Published: April 2003

AbstractAquatic toxicity can be partitioned into a number of mechanisms of action, the allocation of a given chemical to its particular mode being of fundamental importance for the toxicological risk assessment. We investigated the possibility to automatically allocate each chemical to its putative aquatic toxicity mode‐of‐action on the basis of the sole chemical physical information. In this paper, we refer to the four mode‐of‐action classes defined in Hermens' laboratory [1, 2]; the chemical descriptors used were the Infrared spectra and the Burden's Modified Adjacency Matrix Eigenvalues. At odds with Infrared spectrum, the Eigenvalues were able to allocate the chemicals into the different mechanism of action classes via a nonlinear discrimination method (K‐nearest neighbours classifier).
Axisymmetric rotational disk braking by a curved disk
Authors: Usha R. , Vimala P. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe hydrodynamic disk braking by an axisymmetric curved disk of arbitrary shape is investigated. A viscous fluid separates a rotating flat bottom disk and a non‐rotating axisymmetric curved upper disk. As the two disks are squeezed closer together, increased viscous torque is transmitted to the rotating bottom disk. A perturbation method is used to solve the governing equations of motion for small values of the parameter which is the ratio of the gapwidth to the radius of the disk. Constant force squeezing state is considered to study the braking characteristics, when the bottom disk rotates with constant angular velocity. It is observed that the curvature of the top disk strongly influences the braking characteristics.
Hydromagnetic free shear layers in rotating flows with magnetic field perpendicular to rotation vector and shear layers
Authors: Vempaty S. , Satyamurty P. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractFollowing Hollerbach's work (1996) hydromagnetic free shear layers are analyzed when the applied magnetic field is perpendicular to both the rotation vector and vertical free shear layers. Analytical solutions have been obtained for the shear layer and interior regions. The physical features of the flow are discussed with special emphasis on meridional flow of electric current flux.
The nifk gene is widely expressed in mouse tissues and is up‐regulated in denervated hind limb muscle
Authors: Magnusson Caroline , Norrby Marlene , Libelius Rolf , Tågerud Sven 
Published: April 2003

AbstractDenervation of skeletal muscle alters the expression of many genes, which may be important for establishing optimal conditions for reinnervation. Using the differential display technique we have attempted to discover neurally regulated genes in skeletal muscle. An mRNA that is up‐regulated in denervated hind limb muscle was identified and cloned. The cDNA encodes an RNA‐binding protein, which was discovered during the course of this work to be a nucleolar protein interacting with the fork‐head associated domain of the proliferation marker protein Ki‐67, and named NIFK. We show that the nifk gene is widely expressed in adult mouse tissues and that the expression is up‐regulated in denervated hind limb muscle. No difference between expression in perisynaptic and extrasynaptic portions of muscle was observed. The widespread expression in adult tissues suggests that the NIFK protein has other functions in addition to its interaction with Ki‐67, which is only expressed in proliferating cells.
Cycloid psychosis: a clinical and nosological study
Authors: PERALTA VICTOR , CUESTA MANUEL J. 
Published: April 2003

Background. Despite its clinical relevance, the diagnosis of cycloid psychosis has been relatively neglected in the psychiatric literature and in the current nosological systems. This study examined the clinical validity and nosological status of the cycloid psychosis concept.Method. Six-hundred and sixty psychotic in-patients were assessed for psychosis-related variables and diagnosed according to DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, ICD-10 and the Perris & Brockington criteria for cycloid psychosis. The cycloid psychosis diagnosis (N=68, 10·3%) was examined in regard to its discriminant validity, concordance with other psychotic disorders, and predictive validity in relation to schizophrenia and psychotic mood disorders. To address putative heterogeneity within cycloid psychosis, affective (N=38) and non-affective (N=30) subgroups were examined.Results. Cycloid psychosis had good discriminant validity regarding other psychoses (95% of correctly classified cases) and poor concordance with individual diagnoses from the formal diagnostic systems (κ<0·22). Cycloid patients had levels of psychotic, disorganization and first-rank symptoms comparable to schizophrenia, and levels of affective symptoms in-between schizophrenia and mood disorders. Regarding most clinical variables and morbidity risk of mood disorders, cycloid psychosis was closer to mood disorders. Cycloid psychosis had higher psychosocial stressors than schizophrenia and mood disorders. Affective and non-affective groups of cycloid psychosis differed in a number of variables indicating an overall better outcome for the non-affective group.Conclusions. Cycloid psychosis does not correspond closely to any DSM-III-R, DSM-IV or ICD-10 category of psychosis, and more specifically this nosological concept is not well represented by the different formal definitions of remitting psychotic disorders. Cycloid psychosis seems to be an heterogeneous condition in that affective and non-affective subgroups can be differentiated.
Eating disturbances in girls with diabetes: the contribution of adolescent self-concept, maternal weight and shape concerns and mother–daughter relationships
Authors: MAHARAJ S. I. , RODIN G. M. , OLMSTED M. P. , CONNOLLY J. A. , DANEMAN D. 
Published: April 2003

Background. This study examined the relative contribution of adolescent self-concept, maternal weight and shape concerns (WSC), and mother–daughter relationships to eating disturbances among girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM).Method. Eighty-eight adolescent girls (mean=15·0 years, s.d.=2·2) and their mothers completed self-report measures of disordered eating and weight control behaviours, with teens also reporting on disturbed eating and body attitudes. Based on reported symptoms, adolescents were classified as highly (N=18), mildly (N=30) and non-eating disturbed (N=40). Self-concept was assessed by adolescent self-report. Mother–daughter relationships were assessed by adolescent self-report and by observed mother–daughter interactions that were rated using a macroanalytic coding system that assesses intimacy and autonomy in these relationships.Results. Hierarchical regressions illustrated that adolescent self-concept deficits, maternal WSC, and impaired mother–daughter relationships significantly predicted eating disturbances in girls with DM, accounting for 57% of the variance. Mothers who engaged in dieting and binge-eating were more impaired in their ability to support their daughters' emerging autonomy. The quality of mother–daughter relationships partly mediated the influence of maternal WSC on adolescent eating disturbances. Moreover, the impact of maternal WSC and mother–daughter relationships on eating disturbances was mediated by adolescent self-concept.Conclusions. Findings illustrate two pathways through which mother–daughter relationships may impact upon risk of eating disturbances in girls with DM and highlight the need to evaluate family-based interventions specifically tailored for this high-risk population.