bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passive microwave Arctic sea ice melt onset dates from the advanced horizontal range algorithm 1979–2022
Authors: Bliss Angela C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe onset of the summer melt season is a key stage of the Arctic sea ice seasonal cycle and is an indicator of climate change. Surface melting of the bare or snow-covered sea ice is detected using passive microwave satellite observations. The data set presented here is a 44 year record of Arctic sea ice annual melt onset (MO) dates for 1979–2022 produced using an updated version of the Advanced Horizontal Range Algorithm (AHRA). This data product contains annual maps of the sea ice MO date and a set of descriptive statistics summarizing the data. This paper describes a new update of the AHRA methodology, now AHRA V5, including key changes to the algorithm starting date and sea ice mask methodology to improve estimates of early-season MO dates especially near the sea ice periphery. AHRA V5 data are suitable for monitoring trends in Arctic and regional sea ice MO dates and for process studies of atmosphere-sea ice interactions during the early spring and summer months.
Robotic monitoring of Alpine screes: a dataset from the EU Natura2000 habitat 8110 in the Italian Alps
Authors: Angelini Franco , Pollayil Mathew J. , Valle Barbara , Borgatti Marina Serena , Caccianiga Marco , Garabini Manolo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe surveying of European Union (EU) Annex I habitat “8110 - Siliceous scree of the montane to snow levels (Androsacetalia alpinae and Galeopsietalia ladani)” is generally executed by humans. However, robots could increase human monitoring capabilities. To this end, we collected information on this habitat employing the quadrupedal robot ANYmal C. These data include videos of eight different typical or early warning species. Additionally, data on four relevés are provided. These consist, for instance, of the robot state, and videos and pictures collected to evaluate the habitat conservation status. The aim of this dataset is to help researchers in a variety of fields. For instance, information on plant species collected by the robot can be utilized to develop new procedures and new metrics to assess the habitat conservation status or to train neural networks for plant classification. On the other hand, engineers can use robot state information to validate their algorithms. This database is publicly available in the provided Zenodo repository.
Loudspeaker cabinet design by topology optimization
Authors: Bokhari Ahmad H. , Berggren Martin , Noreland Daniel , Wadbro Eddie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUsing material distribution-based topology optimization, we optimize the bandpass design of a loudspeaker cabinet targeting low frequencies. The objective is to maximize the loudspeaker’s output power for a single frequency as well as a range of frequencies. To model the loudspeaker’s performance, we combine a linear electromechanical transducer model with a computationally efficient hybrid 2D–3D model for sound propagation. The adjoint variable approach computes the gradients of the objective function with respect to the design variables, and the Method of Moving Asymptotes (MMA) solves the topology optimization problem. To manage intermediate values of the material indicator function, a quadratic penalty is added to the objective function, and a non-linear filter is used to obtain a mesh independent design. By carefully selecting the target frequency range, we can guide the optimization algorithm to successfully generate a loudspeaker design with the required bandpass character. To the best of our knowledge, this study constitutes the first successful attempt to design the interior structure of a loudspeaker cabinet using topology optimization.
Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine, GLB-COV2-043, in preclinical animal models
Authors: Lelis Felipe , Byk Laura A. , Pustylnikov Sergei , Nguyen Vivian , Nguyen Brandon , Nitz Malorie , Tarte Prutha , Tungare Kunal , Li Jilong , Manna Saikat , Maiti Sampa , Mehta Dhwani H. , Sekar Narendran , Posadas Diana M. , Dhamankar Himanshu , Hughes Jeffrey A. , Aulisa Lorenzo , Khan Amin , Melo Mariane B. , Dey Antu K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSeveral COVID-19 vaccines, some more efficacious than others, are now available and deployed, including multiple mRNA- and viral vector-based vaccines. With the focus on creating cost-effective solutions that can reach the low- and medium- income world, GreenLight Biosciences has developed an mRNA vaccine candidate, GLB-COV2-043, encoding for the full-length SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan wild-type spike protein. In pre-clinical studies in mice, GLB-COV2-043 induced robust antigen-specific binding and virus-neutralizing antibody responses targeting homologous and heterologous SARS-CoV-2 variants and a TH1-biased immune response. Boosting mice with monovalent or bivalent mRNA-LNPs provided rapid recall and long-lasting neutralizing antibody titers, an increase in antibody avidity and breadth that was held over time and generation of antigen-specific memory B- and T- cells. In hamsters, vaccination with GLB-COV2-043 led to lower viral loads, reduced incidence of SARS-CoV-2-related microscopic findings in lungs, and protection against weight loss after heterologous challenge with Omicron BA.1 live virus. Altogether, these data indicate that GLB-COV2-043 mRNA-LNP vaccine candidate elicits robust protective humoral and cellular immune responses and establishes our mRNA-LNP platform for subsequent clinical evaluations.
Multiple sclerosis disease-modifying drug use by immigrants: a real-world study
Authors: Graf Jonas , Ng Huah Shin , Zhu Feng , Zhao Yinshan , Wijnands José M. A. , Evans Charity , Fisk John D. , Marrie Ruth Ann , Tremlett Helen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLittle is known about disease-modifying drug (DMD) initiation by immigrants with multiple sclerosis (MS) in countries with universal health coverage. We assessed the association between immigration status and DMD use within 5-years after the first MS-related healthcare encounter. Using health administrative data, we identified MS cases in British Columbia (BC), Canada. The index date was the first MS-related healthcare encounter (MS/demyelinating disease-related diagnosis or DMD prescription filled), and ranged from 01/January/1996 to 31/December/2012. Those included were ≥ 18 years old, BC residents for ≥ 1-year pre- and ≥ 5-years post-index date. Persons becoming permanent residents 1985–2012 were defined as immigrants, all others were long-term residents. The association between immigration status and any DMD prescription filled within 5-years post-index date (with the latest study end date being 31/December/2017) was assessed using logistic regression, reported as adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We identified 8762 MS cases (522 were immigrants). Among immigrants of lower SES, odds of filling any DMD prescription were reduced, whereas they did not differ between immigrants and long-term residents across SES quintiles (aOR 0.96; 95%CI 0.78–1.19). Overall use (odds) of a first DMD within 5 years after the first MS-related encounter was associated with immigration status.
A novel multiplex biomarker panel for profiling human acute and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Van Nynatten Logan R. , Miller Michael R. , Patel Maitray A. , Daley Mark , Filler Guido , Badrnya Sigrun , Miholits Markus , Webb Brian , McIntyre Christopher W. , Fraser Douglas D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAcute and chronic kidney disease continues to confer significant morbidity and mortality in the clinical setting. Despite high prevalence of these conditions, few validated biomarkers exist to predict kidney dysfunction. In this study, we utilized a novel kidney multiplex panel to measure 21 proteins in plasma and urine to characterize the spectrum of biomarker profiles in kidney disease. Blood and urine samples were obtained from age-/sex-matched healthy control subjects (HC), critically-ill COVID-19 patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), and patients with chronic or end-stage kidney disease (CKD/ESKD). Biomarkers were measured with a kidney multiplex panel, and results analyzed with conventional statistics and machine learning. Correlations were examined between biomarkers and patient clinical and laboratory variables. Median AKI subject age was 65.5 (IQR 58.5–73.0) and median CKD/ESKD age was 65.0 (IQR 50.0–71.5). Of the CKD/ESKD patients, 76.1% were on hemodialysis, 14.3% of patients had kidney transplant, and 9.5% had CKD without kidney replacement therapy. In plasma, 19 proteins were significantly different in titer between the HC versus AKI versus CKD/ESKD groups, while NAG and RBP4 were unchanged. TIMP-1 (PPV 1.0, NPV 1.0), best distinguished AKI from HC, and TFF3 (PPV 0.99, NPV 0.89) best distinguished CKD/ESKD from HC. In urine, 18 proteins were significantly different between groups except Calbindin, Osteopontin and TIMP-1. Osteoactivin (PPV 0.95, NPV 0.95) best distinguished AKI from HC, and β2-microglobulin (PPV 0.96, NPV 0.78) best distinguished CKD/ESKD from HC. A variety of correlations were noted between patient variables and either plasma or urine biomarkers. Using a novel kidney multiplex biomarker panel, together with conventional statistics and machine learning, we identified unique biomarker profiles in the plasma and urine of patients with AKI and CKD/ESKD. We demonstrated correlations between biomarker profiles and patient clinical variables. Our exploratory study provides biomarker data for future hypothesis driven research on kidney disease.
Correlative chemical and elemental nano-imaging of morphology and disorder at the nacre-prismatic region interface in Pinctada margaritifera
Authors: O’Callahan Brian T. , Larsen Amy , Leichty Sarah , Cliff John , Gagnon Alex C. , Raschke Markus B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnderstanding biomineralization relies on imaging chemically heterogeneous organic–inorganic interfaces across a hierarchy of spatial scales. Further, organic minority phases are often responsible for emergent inorganic structures from the atomic arrangement of different polymorphs, to nano- and micrometer crystal dimensions, up to meter size mollusk shells. The desired simultaneous chemical and elemental imaging to identify sparse organic moieties across a large field-of-view with nanometer spatial resolution has not yet been achieved. Here, we combine nanoscale secondary ion mass spectroscopy (NanoSIMS) with spectroscopic IR s-SNOM imaging for simultaneous chemical, molecular, and elemental nanoimaging. At the example of Pinctada margaritifera mollusk shells we identify and resolve ~ 50 nm interlamellar protein sheets periodically arranged in regular ~ 600 nm intervals. The striations typically appear ~ 15 µm from the nacre-prism boundary at the interface between disordered neonacre to mature nacre. Using the polymorph distinctive IR-vibrational carbonate resonance, the nacre and prismatic regions are consistently identified as aragonite ($${\overline{\nu }}_{a}=860$$

ν
¯

a

=
860

cm−1) and calcite ($${\overline{\nu }}_{c}=880$$

ν
¯

c

=
880

cm−1), respectively. We observe previously unreported morphological features including aragonite subdomains encapsulated in extensions of the prism-covering organic membrane and regions of irregular nacre tablet formation coincident with dispersed organics. We also identify a ~ 200 nm region in the incipient nacre region with less well-defined crystal structure and integrated organics. These results show with the identification of the interlamellar protein layer how correlative nano-IR chemical and NanoSIMS elemental imaging can help distinguish different models proposed for shell growth in particular, and how organic function may relate to inorganic structure in other biomineralized systems in general.
New thermal decomposition pathway for TATB
Authors: Morrison Keith D. , Racoveanu Ana , Moore Jason S. , Burnham Alan K. , Koroglu Batikan , Coffee Keith R. , Panasci-Nott Adele F. , Klunder Gregory L. , Steele Bradley A. , McClelland M. A. , Reynolds John G. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the thermal decomposition behavior of TATB (1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene) is a major focus in energetic materials research because of safety issues. Previous research and modelling efforts have suggested benzo-monofurazan condensation producing H2O is the initiating decomposition step. However, early evolving CO2 (m/z 44) along with H2O (m/z 18) evolution have been observed by mass spectrometric monitoring of head-space gases in both constant heating rate and isothermal decomposition studies. The source of the CO2 has not been explained, until now. With the recent successful synthesis of 13C6-TATB (13C incorporated into the benzene ring), the same experiments have been used to show the source of the CO2 is the early breakdown of the TATB ring, not adventitious C from impurities and/or adsorbed CO2. A shift in mass m/z 44 (CO2) to m/z 45 is observed throughout the decomposition process indicating the isotopically labeled 13C ring breakdown occurs at the onset of thermal decomposition along with furazan formation. Partially labeled (N18O2)3-TATB confirms at least some of the oxygen comes from the nitro-groups. This finding has a significant bearing on decomposition computational models for prediction of energy release and deflagration to detonation transitions, with respect to conditions which currently do not recognize this oxidation step.
Comparison of the TEMPO binocular perimeter and Humphrey field analyzer
Authors: Nishida Takashi , Weinreb Robert N. , Arias Juan , Vasile Cristiana , Moghimi Sasan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study compared between TEMPO, a new binocular perimeter, with the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA). Patients were tested with both TEMPO 24–2 Ambient Interactive Zippy Estimated by Sequential Testing (AIZE)-Rapid and HFA 24–2 Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm (SITA)-Fast in a randomized sequence on the same day. Using a mixed-effects model, visual field (VF) parameters and reliability indices were compared. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was measured using Cirrus optical coherence tomography (OCT), and coefficient of determinations for VF and OCT parameters were calculated and compared using Akaike information criteria. 740 eyes (including 68 healthy, 262 glaucoma suspects, and 410 glaucoma) of 370 participants were evaluated. No significant differences were seen in mean deviation and visual field index between the two perimeters (P > 0.05). A stronger association between VF mean sensitivity (dB or 1/L) and circumpapillary RNFL was found for TEMPO (adjusted R2 = 0.25; Akaike information criteria [AIC] = 5235.5 for dB, and adjusted R2 = 0.29; AIC = 5200.8 for 1/L, respectively) compared to HFA (adjusted R2 = 0.22; AIC = 5263.9 for dB, and adjusted R2 = 0.22; AIC = 5262.7 for 1/L, respectively). Measurement time was faster for TEMPO compared to HFA (261 s vs. 429 s, P < 0.001). Further investigations are needed to assess the long-term monitoring potential of this binocular VF test.
The association between the workload of emergency physicians and the outcomes of acute myocardial infarction: a population-based study
Authors: Tsai Chang-Hung , Kung Pei-Tseng , Wang Shun-Mu , Tsai Tung-Han , Tsai Wen-Chen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the second leading cause of mortality in Taiwan. The correlation between the workload of emergency physicians and the outcome of AMI remains unknown. To determine the effects of the workload of emergency physicians on the outcomes of AMI. We included 17 661 patients (age > 18 years) with STEMI undergoing PCI, who visited the emergency department between 2012 and 2018. We used the logistic regression model with generalized estimating equations (GEEs) to analyze the risk of death within 30 days after emergency department visit, the risk of emergency department revisits within 3 days, and the risk of readmission within 14 days in all subgroups. After covariate adjustment, the risk of mortality within 30 days after visiting the emergency department was significantly higher in the subgroup whose visiting emergency physicians had the highest workload (odds ratio [OR]: 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12 to 1.72). Furthermore, the risk of revisiting the emergency department within 3 days after discharge from the hospital was significantly higher in the subgroup whose visiting emergency physicians’ workload was within the second and third quartiles (OR 1.85; 95% CI 1.18 to 2.89). The workload of emergency physicians appears to be positively correlated with the mortality risk of patients with STEMI undergoing PCI.
Roll-to-roll fabrication of silver/silver chloride coated yarns for dry electrodes and applications in biosignal monitoring
Authors: Le Katherine , Soltanian Saeid , Narayana Harishkumar , Servati Amir , Servati Peyman , Ko Frank 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis work presents a continuous roll-to-roll electrochemical coating system for producing silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl)-coated yarns, and their application in e-textile electrodes for biosignal monitoring. Ag/AgCl is one of the most preferred electrode materials as an interface between the conductive backbone of an electrode and skin. E-textile Ag/AgCl-coated multi-filament nylon yarns offer stable, flexible, and breathable alternatives to standard rigid or flexible film-based Ag/AgCl electrodes. The developed system allows for highly controlled process parameters to achieve stable and uniform AgCl film deposition on Ag-coated nylon yarns. The electrical, electrochemical properties, and morphology of the coated yarns were characterized. Dry electrodes were fabricated and could measure electrocardiogram (ECG) signals with comparable performance to standard gel electrodes. Ag/AgCl e-textile electrodes demonstrated high stability, with low average polarization potential (1.22 mV/min) compared with Ag-coated electrodes (3.79 mV/min), low impedance (below 2 MΩ, 0.1–150 Hz), and are excellent candidates for heart rate detection and monitoring.
Serum metabolome and liver transcriptome reveal acrolein inhalation-induced sex-specific homeostatic dysfunction
Authors: Alewel Devin I. , Rentschler Katherine M. , Jackson Thomas W. , Schladweiler Mette C. , Astriab-Fisher Anna , Evansky Paul A. , Kodavanti Urmila P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAcrolein, a respiratory irritant, induces systemic neuroendocrine stress. However, peripheral metabolic effects have not been examined. Male and female WKY rats were exposed to air (0 ppm) or acrolein (3.16 ppm) for 4 h, followed by immediate serum and liver tissue collection. Serum metabolomics in both sexes and liver transcriptomics in males were evaluated to characterize the systemic metabolic response. Of 887 identified metabolites, > 400 differed between sexes at baseline. An acrolein biomarker, 3-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid, increased 18-fold in males and 33-fold in females, indicating greater metabolic detoxification in females than males. Acrolein exposure changed 174 metabolites in males but only 50 in females. Metabolic process assessment identified higher circulating free-fatty acids, glycerols, and other lipids in male but not female rats exposed to acrolein. In males, acrolein also increased branched-chain amino acids, which was linked with metabolites of nitrogen imbalance within the gut microbiome. The contribution of neuroendocrine stress was evident by increased corticosterone in males but not females. Male liver transcriptomics revealed acrolein-induced over-representation of lipid and protein metabolic processes, and pathway alterations including Sirtuin, insulin-receptor, acute-phase, and glucocorticoid signaling. In sum, acute acrolein inhalation resulted in sex-specific serum metabolomic and liver transcriptomic derangement, which may have connections to chronic metabolic-related diseases.
Enhanced oxidative phosphorylation, re-organized intracellular signaling, and epigenetic de-silencing as revealed by oligodendrocyte translatome analysis after contusive spinal cord injury
Authors: Forston Michael D. , Wei George Z. , Chariker Julia H. , Stephenson Tyler , Andres Kariena , Glover Charles , Rouchka Eric C. , Whittemore Scott R. , Hetman Michal 
Published: December 2023

AbstractReducing the loss of oligodendrocytes (OLs) is a major goal for neuroprotection after spinal cord injury (SCI). Therefore, the OL translatome was determined in Ribotag:Plp1-CreERT2 mice at 2, 10, and 42 days after moderate contusive T9 SCI. At 2 and 42 days, mitochondrial respiration- or actin cytoskeleton/cell junction/cell adhesion mRNAs were upregulated or downregulated, respectively. The latter effect suggests myelin sheath loss/morphological simplification which is consistent with downregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis transcripts on days 10 and 42. Various regulators of pro-survival-, cell death-, and/or oxidative stress response pathways showed peak expression acutely, on day 2. Many acutely upregulated OL genes are part of the repressive SUZ12/PRC2 operon suggesting that epigenetic de-silencing contributes to SCI effects on OL gene expression. Acute OL upregulation of the iron oxidoreductase Steap3 was confirmed at the protein level and replicated in cultured OLs treated with the mitochondrial uncoupler FCCP. Hence, STEAP3 upregulation may mark mitochondrial dysfunction. Taken together, in SCI-challenged OLs, acute and subchronic enhancement of mitochondrial respiration may be driven by axonal loss and subsequent myelin sheath degeneration. Acutely, the OL switch to oxidative phosphorylation may lead to oxidative stress that is further amplified by upregulation of such enzymes as STEAP3.
Effects of carbon nanotube addition on the microstructures, martensitic transformation, and internal friction of Cu–Al–Ni shape-memory alloys
Authors: Gholami-Kermanshahi Mozhgan , Hsiao Yuan-Chien , Lange Günther , Chang Shih-Hang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this study, we analyze the influences of carbon nanotube (CNT) addition on the martensite transformation and internal friction of Cu–Al–Ni shape-memory alloys (SMAs). X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results demonstrate that Cu–13.5Al–4Ni–xCNT (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 wt%) SMA/CNT composites exhibit a $${\upbeta }_{1}({\mathrm{DO}}_{3})\rightleftarrows {\upbeta }_{1}^{\mathrm{^{\prime}}}(18\mathrm{R})$$

β
1

(

DO
3

)

⇄

β

1

′

(
18
R
)

martensitic transformation. The martensitic transformation temperatures and transformation enthalpies of the martensitic transformation peaks for the Cu–13.5Al–4Ni–xCNT (x = 0–0.8 wt%) composites gradually decrease with the increase in the amount of CNT addition. Compared to the Cu–13.5Al–4Ni SMA, the Cu–13.5Al–4Ni–xCNT (x = 0.2–0.8 wt%) SMA/CNT composites exhibit significant improvements in the amount of dissipation of energy (storage modulus ($${E}^{\prime}))$$

E

′

)
)

and mechanical strength. However, the tan δ of the internal friction peak gradually decreases with the increase in the CNT content above 0.6 wt%. The reduction in tan δ is attributed to the decrease in the magnitude of the austenite-to-martensite transformation and precipitation of γ2 (Cu9Al4) phase particles, which impede the interface motion in between the parent/martensitic phase and martensitic phase.