bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trauma as a Public Health Moment: Addressing Vaccine Uptake in Trauma Patients
Authors: Keegan Grace E. , Alexander Rachel , Ogunnowo Simi , Brown Isaiah , Zakrison Tanya L. , Hoefer Lea E. 
Published: November 2023

Objective:
Our objective was to identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination in trauma patients and to provide an opportunity for patients to engage in conversations about vaccination.

Background:
The trauma surgery service offers a unique opportunity to promote preventative health interventions in hard-to-reach populations.

Methods:
Trauma inpatients in Chicago, IL were recruited for this mixed-methods study from February 2022 to April 2022. Participants completed a survey on demographics, COVID-19 vaccination status, and Experiences of Discrimination Scale adapted for medical settings. Differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients were analyzed using the Wilcoxon-rank sum test. A semistructured, qualitative interview was completed. Qualitative data was transcribed and analyzed using Grounded Theory Methodology.

Results:
Fifty-eight trauma patients were surveyed, representing 88% of patients approached. Only 23 (40%) patients reported full vaccination to COVID-19. Previous vaccination (at least 1 dose) was associated with greater concern for COVID-19 (OR 3.47, 95% CI 1.987–6.964, P < 0.001) and higher income (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.02–1.44, P = 0.03). Higher Experiences of Discrimination Scale scores were associated with decreased likelihood of prior vaccination (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–0.99, P = 0.04). On qualitative analysis, recurrent themes included vaccination motivated by either community-based or personal health-related values, and disinterest in vaccination based on perceived low need or skepticism of experimentation. Fifteen patients (26%) eligible for a vaccine dose consented to onsite vaccination after the survey.

Conclusions:
Trauma patients who have experienced more discrimination in medical settings have lower rates of COVID-19 vaccination. Vaccination rates in our population were over 2 times lower than citywide rates, but admission to the trauma service can increase comprehensive care.
Recent advances on neutrophil dysregulation in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases
Authors: Chen Jianing , Wang Xinyu , Liu Yudong , Zhang Xuan 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review
The exact pathogenic mechanisms of rheumatic diseases (RMD) remain largely unknown. Increasing evidence highlights a pathogenic role of neutrophil dysregulation in the development of RMD.

Recent findings
The purpose of this review is to present a current overview of recent advancements in understanding the role of neutrophil dysfunction in the development of RMD. Additionally, this review will discuss strategies for targeting pathways associated with neutrophil dysregulation as potential treatments for RMD. One specific aspect of neutrophil dysregulation, known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), will be explored. NETs have been found to contribute to chronic pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, as well as serve as DNA scaffolds for binding autoantigens, including both citrullinated and carbamylated autoantigens. Putative therapies, such as 6-gingerol or defibrotide, have demonstrated beneficial effects in the treatment of RMD by suppressing NETs formation.

Summary
Recent advances have significantly reinforced the crucial role of neutrophil dysregulation in the pathogenesis of RMD. A deeper understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying this pathogenic process would aid in the development of more precise and effective targeting strategies, thus ultimately improving the outcomes of RMD.
Do Pedicle Screws That Terminate in the Costovertebral Joint Compromise Proximal Anchor Fixation in a Dual Growing Rod Construct?
Authors: Henstenburg Jeffrey , Hori Yusuke , Rogers Kenneth J. , Petfield Joseph L. , Shah Suken A. , Gabos Peter G. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction:
Growing rods (GRs) are used to treat early-onset scoliosis (EOS) recalcitrant to bracing and casting. Proximal anchor pullout, a known complication of GR constructs, can result in spinal cord injury if pedicle screw anchors are placed with a lateral-to-medial trajectory. To mitigate this risk, a more straightforward and potentially safer trajectory may result in screws that terminate within the costovertebral joint (CVJ). We asked, how often does CVJ placement occur and does this technique increase the rate of failure in GR constructs?

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed 35 patients with EOS treated with dual GR with >2-year follow-up excluding patients with skeletal dysplasia or history of previous posterior instrumentation. Patient demographics, radiographic parameters, and implant constructs were assessed.

Results:
Of patients meeting the inclusion criteria, 18/35 (51%) were females with an average age of 7.96 (range: 4.0 to 15.2) years at surgery with a follow-up of 3.7 (range: 2.0 to 7.7) years. Five (14%) patients had idiopathic EOS, 5 (14%) had congenital EOS, 12 (34%) had neuromuscular EOS, 10 (29%) had syndromic scoliosis, and 3 (9%) had another etiology for EOS. Among 195 proximal pedicle screws placed, 19 (10%) terminated within the CVJ, and 13 patients (37%) had at least 1 CVJ screw. Two patients (6%) experienced unilateral proximal pullout. In both patients, the anchors on the affected side included 1 of 2 screws within the CVJ. Both patients had constructs that included 2 screws on the side that pulled out and 3 screws on the side that did not. None of the remaining 17 CVJ screws led to implant failure.

Conclusion:
Pedicle screw placement within the CVJ is common and does not appear to significantly contribute to proximal screw pullout; however, it may contribute to unilateral implant failure in constructs employing only 2 proximal screws, where 1 of those 2 screws terminates within the CVJ. Construct modifications should be considered in this scenario.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Etiology-independent activation of the LTβ-LTβR-RELB axis drives aggressiveness and predicts poor prognosis in HCC
Authors: Scherr Anna-Lena , Nader Luisa , Xu Kaiyu , Elssner Christin , Ridder Dirk A. , Nichetti Federico , Mastel Manuel , Fritzsche Sarah , Kelmendi Eblina , Schmitt Nathalie , Hoffmeister-Wittmann Paula , Weiler Sofia M. E. , Korell Felix , Albrecht Thomas , Schwab Maximilian , Isele Hanna , Kessler Annika , Hüllein Jennifer , Seretny Agnieszka , Ye Liangtao , Urbanik Toni , Welte Stefan , Leblond Anne-Laure , Heilig Christoph E. , Rahbari Mohammad , Ali Adnan , Gallage Suchira , Lenoir Bénédicte , Wilhelm Nina , Gärtner Ulrike , Ogrodnik Simon J. , Springfeld Christoph , Tschaharganeh Darjus , Fröhling Stefan , Longerich Thomas , Schulze-Bergkamen Henning , Jäger Dirk , Brandl Lydia , Schirmacher Peter , Straub Beate K. , Weber Achim , De Toni Enrico N. , Goeppert Benjamin , Heikenwalder Mathias , Jackstadt Rene , Roessler Stephanie , Breuhahn Kai , Köhler Bruno C. 
Published: November 2023

Background and Aims:
HCC is the most common primary liver tumor, with an increasing incidence worldwide. HCC is a heterogeneous malignancy and usually develops in a chronically injured liver. The NF-κB signaling network consists of a canonical and a noncanonical branch. Activation of canonical NF-κB in HCC is documented. However, a functional and clinically relevant role of noncanonical NF-κB and its downstream effectors is not established.

Approach and Results:
Four human HCC cohorts (total n = 1462) and 4 mouse HCC models were assessed for expression and localization of NF-κB signaling components and activating ligands. In vitro, NF-κB signaling, proliferation, and cell death were measured, proving a pro-proliferative role of v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog B (RELB) activated by means of NF-κB-inducing kinase. In vivo, lymphotoxin beta was identified as the predominant inducer of RELB activation. Importantly, hepatocyte-specific RELB knockout in a murine HCC model led to a lower incidence compared to controls and lower maximal tumor diameters. In silico, RELB activity and RELB-directed transcriptomics were validated on the The Cancer Genome Atlas HCC cohort using inferred protein activity and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. In RELB-active HCC, pathways mediating proliferation were significantly activated. In contrast to v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A, nuclear enrichment of noncanonical RELB expression identified patients with a poor prognosis in an etiology-independent manner. Moreover, RELB activation was associated with malignant features metastasis and recurrence.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates a prognostically relevant, etiology-independent, and cross-species consistent activation of a lymphotoxin beta/LTβR/RELB axis in hepatocarcinogenesis. These observations may harbor broad implications for HCC, including possible clinical exploitation.
Surgical methods of total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Yuan Yuquan , Pan Bin , Tang Enjie , Mo Hongbiao , Zhu Junping , Yi Ziying , Lu Dengwei , Yin Tingjie , Sun Yiceng , Yin Supeng , Yang Zeyu , Zhang Fan 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Emerging remote-access surgical methods are utilized to treat differentiated thyroid cancer. The study aimed to compare the surgical integrity, safety, efficacy, and postoperative experience of patients among common surgical methods.

Methods:
PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched from their inception until March 2023. Pairwise meta-analysis and Bayesian network meta-analysis were performed. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to illuminate the probability that each method would be the best for each outcome.

Results:
Thirty-two studies comprising 7042 patients were included. Robotic bilateral axillo-breast approach (RBABA) and robotic gasless transaxillary approach (RGAA) retrieved fewer lymph nodes (LNs) than open thyroidectomy (OT). RBABA showed a significantly lower permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy rate than OT. According to SUCRA values, endoscopic transoral approach (EOA) ranked the highest in retrieved LNs (0.84), the proportion of stimulated serum thyroglobulin < 1.0 ng/mL (0.77), and the pain score (0.77). Endoscopic bilateral areola approach (EBAA) ranked the highest in the transient RLN palsy rate (0.72). Endoscopic gasless transaxillary approach (EGAA) ranked the highest in the transient hypoparathyroidism rate (0.78). RBABA ranked the highest in the rate of permanent RLN palsy (0.94) and hypoparathyroidism (0.77). OT ranked the highest in operative time (0.92).

Conclusions:
Each surgical method of total thyroidectomy has benefits and limitations. EOA performed the best in maintaining surgical integrality and reducing the pain score, while taking a long operative time. Generally, RBABA showed the best advantage in protecting parathyroid glands and RLN but with the longest operative time. OT had the best advantage in operative time. Therefore, OT and EOA are ideal methods for patients with a higher risk of central LN metastasis. RBABA and EOA may not be suitable for elderly patients or those with high anesthesia risk.
Long-term outcomes of surgical interventions for stress urinary incontinence: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Yuanzhuo , Zhang Chi , Yang Shiqin , Chen Jiawei , Peng Liao , Chen Jie , Shen Hong , Luo Deyi 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is common among women, and surgical interventions have significantly improved patients’ symptoms. The long-term effectiveness of these surgeries is increasingly drawing attention, yet it remains sparsely documented in the literature.

Objective:
To compare the long-term effectiveness and safety of retropubic tension-free vaginal tape (TVT-RP), tension-free vaginal tape-obturator (TVT-O), transobturator tape (TOT), single-incision sling (SIS), Burch colposuspension, and pubovaginal sling (PVS).

Methods:
A comprehensive and systematic literature review was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Medicine, and clinicaltrials.gov from inception to May 2023. Selected trials were evaluated for potential bias using the Cochrane tool. Treatment modalities were compared using network meta-analysis to assess objective success rate, subjective success rate, and complications as outcomes.

Results:
A total of 37 studies involving 5,720 patients were included. No significant statistical differences were found among the interventions regarding objective success rate. PVS had the highest surface under the cumulative ranking curve SUCRA value (93.1). For subjective success rate, TVT-RP, TVT-O, and PVS demonstrated superiority over SIS, with PVS having the highest SUCRA value (80.1). SIS had lower overall complication and pain rates compared to other methods, with statistical significance. There were no differences in reoperation rate, exposure rate, and urinary tract infection occurrence among the surgical approaches.

Conclusions:
In terms of long-term effectiveness and safety, TVT-RP and TVT-O appear to be the preferred options for patients opting for synthetic slings, while for patients seeking non-synthetic slings, PVS may represent the optimal choice.
Metabolic syndrome and surgical complications: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 million individuals
Authors: Norris Philip , Gow Jeff , Arthur Thomas , Conway Aaron , Fleming Fergal J , Ralph Nicholas 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Metabolic syndrome is characterised by the presence of at least three of the five following components: insulin resistance, obesity, chronic hypertension, elevated serum triglycerides and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. It is estimated to affect 1 in 3 people around the globe and reported to affect 46% of surgical patients. For people with metabolic syndrome who undergo surgery, an emerging body of literature points to significantly poorer postoperative outcomes compared with non-affected populations. The aim of this study is to review the current evidence on risks of surgical complications in patients with metabolic syndrome compared to those without metabolic syndrome.

Methods:
Systematic review and meta-analysis using PRISMA and AMSTAR reporting guidelines.

Results:
The meta-analysis included 63 studies involving 1,919,347 patients with metabolic syndrome and 11,248,114 patients without metabolic syndrome. Compared to individuals without the condition, individuals with metabolic syndrome were at an increased risk of mortality (OR 1.75 95% CIs [1.36-2.24]; P <0.01); all surgical site infection types as well as dehiscence (OR 1.64 95% CIs [1.52 -1.77]; P <0.01); cardiovascular complications (OR 1.56 95% CIs [1.41 -1.73]; P <0.01) including myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiac arrest, cardiac arrythmias and deep vein thrombosis; increased length of hospital stay (MD 0.65 95% CIs [0.39-0.9]; P <0.01); and hospital readmission (OR 1.55 95% CIs [1.41-1.71]; P <0.01).

Conclusion:
Metabolic syndrome is associated with a significantly increased risk of surgical complications including mortality, surgical site infection, cardiovascular complications, increased length of stay and hospital readmission. Despite these risks and the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in surgical populations there is a lack of evidence on interventions for reducing surgical complications in patients with metabolic syndrome. The authors suggest prioritising interventions across the surgical continuum that include (1) preoperative screening for metabolic syndrome; (2) surgical prehabilitation; (3) intraoperative monitoring and management; and (4) postoperative rehabilitation and follow-up.
Treating Homeless People With Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Casavola Vita , Giampieri Emanuela , Paggi Elisabetta , Scialò Chiara , Possenti Consuelo , Stefano Bianchi , Lorusso Ottavia , di Giacomo Ester , Clerici Massimo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The aim of the “Diogene Project” is to recruit, evaluate, and treat homeless people affected by psychiatric disorders. Three multidisciplinary street units patrolled the streets in Milan, Italy, two/three evenings per week to recruit participants. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the HoNOS, and the GAF were administered at recruitment (T0), 1 year (T1), and 2 years (T2) after the first evaluation. Personalized treatment (none, social support, psychiatric treatment + social support) was tailored to each patient's needs. One hundred twelve homeless people participated. Forty-six users dropped out after the first assessment. The highest percentage of dropouts was registered among those who did not receive any kind of treatment (67.4%). Time spent on the street was not significantly correlated to adherence and outcome. Interestingly, the greatest improvement in psychopathological symptoms was recorded among patients under both treatments. This study confirms the validity of our model in approaching such vulnerable patients through specific interventions.
Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and a Biopsychosocial Model of Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Paris Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This review offers a critique of recent attempts to reconceptualize some cases of borderline personality disorder (BPD) within the newer diagnosis of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). The CPTSD construct focuses on the role of childhood trauma in shaping relational problems in adulthood, difficulties that have been previously seen as features of a personality disorder. The CPTSD model fails to consider the role of heritable personality traits, as well as a broader range of psychosocial risk factors. This review proposes that a biopsychosocial model of BPD is more comprehensive, taking into account a wider range of risk factors, while viewing BPD as rooted in gene-environment interactions. In this model, heritable traits are amplified by an adverse psychosocial environment. One can acknowledge the role of trauma as a risk factor without assuming that it fully accounts for the development of personality pathology.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Effects of Behavioral Weight Loss Treatment on Food Cue Reactivity
Authors: Chao Ariana M. , Wadden Thomas A. , Cao Wen , Zhou Yingjie , Maldonado Delphina , Cardel Michelle I. , Foster Gary D. , Loughead James 
Published: November 2023

Background
It is not known whether behavioral weight loss can attenuate blood oxygen level-dependent responses to food stimuli.

Objectives
This randomized controlled trial assessed the effects of a commercially available behavioral weight loss program (WW, WeightWatchers) compared to a wait-list control on blood oxygen level-dependent response to food cues.

Methods
Females with obesity (N = 61) were randomized to behavioral weight loss or wait-list control. At baseline and follow-up, participants completed assessments that included functional magnetic resonance imaging scans to assess response to images of high-calorie foods (HCF) or low-calorie foods (LCF), and neutral objects.

Results
There were no significant between-group differences in change from baseline to follow-up in any regions of the brain in response to viewing HCF or LCF. From baseline to follow-up, participants in behavioral weight loss, compared with wait-list control, reported significantly greater increases in desire for LCF. Changes in liking and palatability of LCF and liking, palatability, and desire for HCF did not differ between groups.

Discussion
Behavioral weight loss was associated with increased desire for LCF without changes in neural reactivity to food cues. These results suggest that alteration of neurological processes underlying responsiveness to food is difficult to achieve through behavioral weight management alone.
Depressive Symptoms in Young and Middle-Aged Stroke Patients
Authors: Liu Zhiwei , Zhang Zhenxiang , Wang Jiajia , Ge Song , Zhang Weihong , Xiang Dandan , Liu Qingxuan , Budu Jemima Twumwaah , Lin Beilei , Chen Suyan , Xue Lihong , Mei Yongxia 
Published: November 2023

Background
There is heterogeneity in depressive symptoms. However, latent classes of depressive symptoms and the transition and influences of these in young and middle-aged stroke patients are unclear.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to identify the latent classes of depressive symptoms and their transition patterns over time and the influencing factors in young and middle-aged stroke patients from stabilization to 6 months after discharge.

Methods
This is a longitudinal study following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist. A total of 272 young and middle-aged stroke participants were recruited from a hospital neurology ward in Henan Province, China. Participants completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic and health information. Latent transition analysis was used to evaluate the transition pattern of latent classes from stabilization to 6 months after discharge and its influencing factors.

Results
One hundred seventy-nine participants were included in the analysis. Three latent classes of depressive symptoms were identified as “mild symptoms,” “grief-sleep-fatigue symptoms,” and “severe symptoms.” Most participants remained in the original latent class from stabilization to 6 months after discharge (probability of 83.8%, 83.8%, and 88.8%). From 3 to 6 months after discharge, the participants with fewer complications were more likely to transition into the mild symptom class.

Discussion
The findings indicate that from stabilization to 6 months after discharge, depressive symptoms in young and middle-aged stroke patients in China transitioned gradually from the severe symptom class to the mild symptom. Patients with fewer numbers of poststroke complications were more likely to transition to the mild symptoms class. Future research should focus on depressive symptoms in early-stage stroke patients and provide sufficient psychological support to patients with a high number of complications.
A Clinical Model to Predict the Occurrence of Select High-risk Infections in the First Year Following Heart Transplantation
Authors: Perry Whitney A. , Chow Jennifer K. , Nelson Jason , Kent David M. , Snydman David R. 
Published: November 2023

Background.
Invasive infection remains a dangerous complication of heart transplantation (HT). No objectively defined set of clinical risk factors has been established to reliably predict infection in HT. The aim of this study was to develop a clinical prediction model for use at 1 mo post-HT to predict serious infection by 1 y.

Methods.
A retrospective cohort study of HT recipients (2000–2018) was performed. The composite endpoint included cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex or varicella zoster virus infection, blood stream infection, invasive fungal, or nocardial infection occurring 1 mo to 1 y post-HT. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model was constructed using 10 candidate variables. A concordance statistic, calibration curve, and mean calibration error were calculated. A scoring system was derived for ease of clinical application.

Results.
Three hundred seventy-five patients were analyzed; 93 patients experienced an outcome event. All variables remained in the final model: aged 55 y or above, history of diabetes, need for renal replacement therapy in first month, CMV risk derived from donor and recipient serology, use of induction and/or early lymphodepleting therapy in the first month, use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis at 1 mo, lymphocyte count under 0.75 × 103cells/µL at 1 mo, and inpatient status at 1 mo. Good discrimination (C-index 0.80) and calibration (mean absolute calibration error 3.6%) were demonstrated.

Conclusion.
This model synthesizes multiple highly relevant clinical parameters, available at 1 mo post-HT, into a unified, objective, and clinically useful prediction tool for occurrence of serious infection by 1 y post-HT.