bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adult habitat preferences, larval dispersal, and the comparative phylogeography of three Atlantic surgeonfishes (Teleostei: Acanthuridae)
Authors: Rocha Luiz A. , Bass Anna L. , Robertson D. Ross , Bowen Brian W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAlthough many reef fishes of the tropical Atlantic are widely distributed, there are large discontinuities that may strongly influence phylogeographical patterns. The freshwater outflow of the Amazon basin is recognized as a major barrier that produces a break between Brazilian and Caribbean faunas. The vast oceanic distances between Brazil and the mid‐Atlantic ridge islands represent another formidable barrier. To assess the relative importance of these barriers, we compared a fragment of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b gene among populations of three species of Atlantic surgeonfishes: Acanthurus bahianus, A. chirurgus and A. coeruleus. These species have similar life histories but different adult habitat preferences. The mtDNA data show no population structure between Brazil and the mid‐Atlantic islands, indicating that this oceanic barrier is readily traversed by the pelagic larval stage of all three surgeonfishes, which spend ~45–70 days in the pelagic environment. The Amazon is a strong barrier to dispersal of A. bahianus (d = 0.024, ΦST = 0.724), a modest barrier for A. coeruleus (ΦST = 0.356), and has no discernible effect as a barrier for A. chirurgus. The later species has been collected on soft bottoms with sponge habitats under the Amazon outflow, indicating that relaxed adult habitat requirements enable it to readily cross that barrier. A limited ability to use soft bottom habitats may also explain the low (but significant) population structure in A. coeruleus. In contrast, A. bahianus has not been collected over deep sponge bottoms, and rarely settles outside shallow reefs. Overall, adult habitat preferences seem to be the factor that differentiates phylogeographical patterns in these reef‐associated species.
Social structure in migrating humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)
Authors: Valsecchi Elena , Hale Peter , Corkeron Peter , Amos William 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAlthough largely solitary, humpback whales exhibit a number of behaviours where individuals co‐operate with one another, for example during bubble net feeding. Such cases could be due to reciprocal altruism brought on by exceptional circumstances, for example the presence of abundant shoaling fish. An alternative explanation is that these behaviours have evolved through kin selection. With little restriction to either communication or movement, diffuse groups of relatives could maintain some form of social organization without the need to travel in tight‐nit units. To try to distinguish between these hypotheses, we took advantage of the fact that migrating humpback whales often swim together in small groups. If kin selection is important in humpback whale biology, these groups should be enriched for relatives. Consequently, we analysed biopsy samples from 57 groups of humpback whales migrating off Eastern Australia in 1992. A total of 142 whales were screened for eight microsatellite markers. Mitochondrial DNA sequences (371 bp) were also used to verify and assist kinship identification. Our data add support to the notion that mothers travel with their offspring for the first year of the calf’s life. However, beyond the presence of mother‐calf/yearling pairs, no obvious relatedness pattern was found among whales sampled either in the same pod or on the same day. Levels of relatedness did not vary between migratory phases (towards or away from the breeding ground), nor between the two sexes considered either overall or in the north or south migrations separately. These findings suggest that, if any social organization does exist, it is formed transiently when needed rather than being a constant feature of the population, and hence is more likely based on reciprocal altruism than kin selection.
Evaluation of the need for routine preoperative latex allergy tests in children
Authors: Sapan Nihat , Nacarkucuk Ergun , Canitez Yakup , Saglam Halil 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: Recently, there was a great increase in allergic reactions to latex and this brought relatively more concern to the latex allergy. In this prospective study we aimed to identify the frequency of latex allergy in preoperative patients, and tried to clarify whether it is necessary to perform latex allergy tests routinely in the preoperative period or not.
Methods
: A total of 188 children, aged 1−14, who were admitted for various operations, were randomly included in this study and of them, 181 completed the study. Latex specific history was taken from all patients. Latex skin prick tests, challenge tests with latex gloves, total IgE and latex specific IgE measurements were performed.
Results
: Of 181 children, two (1.1%) had positive latex skin prick tests. Latex challenge tests were negative in all children. Latex specific IgE was positive in 12 children (6.6%) as class II or higher, but no patient had allergic reactions in operations. History of repeated operations was a risk factor for latex sensitization. The risk was higher in the presence of both history of repeated operations and history of allergic disease. However, the risk was not higher in patients with the history of only allergic disease, compared to ones who had a history of neither repeated operations nor allergic disease.
Conclusion
: We conclude that routine preoperative latex allergy tests seem to be not necessary because of no allergic reactions during operation in spite of the sensitization of 6.6% detected by latex specific IgE. However, this should be investigated in larger studies.
Role of mizoribine in renal transplantation
Authors: Tsuzuki Kazuo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractRenal transplantation is the optimal form of therapy for children and adolescents with end‐stage renal disease. Usually histocompatibility differences exist between donor and recipient, so it is necessary to modify or suppress the immune response to enable the recipient to accept a graft. Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI), which include cyclosporin (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506), give many benefits on the outcome after renal transplantation, but have some toxic effects, especially nephrotoxicity. Therefore, inhibitors of purine synthesis revived as newer generation of more specific inhibitors, mizoribine (MZ) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). The Japanese pediatric renal transplantation clinical study group attempted to reduce and then discontinue steroid administration in combination with another three immunosuppressive drugs, CsA, MZ and anti‐lymphocyte globurin (ALG). This study showed good clinical results. Mizoribine is an effective immunosuppressive drug in human renal transplantaton. However, it is not as popular as other inhibitors of purine synthesis, such as azathioprine (AZA) and MMF, because MZ has been used mainly in Japan and infrequently in other countries. However, MZ is a more useful immunosuppressive drug than AZA, when it is used in combination with CNI.
Alcoholization: The choice of intrauterine treatment for chorioangioma
Authors: Wanapirak Chanane , Tongsong Theera , Sirichotiyakul Supatra , Chanprapaph Pharuhas 
Published: March 2003

AbstractChorioangioma is a vascular tumor of the placenta. Most are small and asymptomatic, whereas the large tumors are clinically significant and often associated with polyhydramnios and fetal heart failure. To prevent fetal loss from these complications, many interventions have been proposed, including intrauterine transfusion in anemic cases and fetoscopic surgery to ablate the feeding vessels. The case presented herein had large chorioangiomas, 8 and 4 cm in diameter, associated with polyhydramnios and early signs of hydrops fetalis, diagnosed at 27 weeks gestation. After extensive counseling, we performed alcohol ablation of the feeding vessel of the larger tumor. Signs of fetal heart failure and hydrops fetalis disappeared dramatically. The pregnancy was extended for 2 weeks, followed by premature rupture of the membranes and spontaneous labor at 32 weeks gestation and a surviving female baby, weighing 1360 g, was delivered uneventfully. This preliminary experience suggests that alcoholization may be one of the best choices for this condition due to its high efficacy, simplicity, safety and very low cost. To our knowledge, this is the first report using alcoholization for the treatment of hydrops fetalis secondary to chorioangioma.
Changes in endometrial wave‐like movements in accordance with the phases of menstrual cycle
Authors: Oki Toshimichi , Douchi Tsutomu , Maruta Kuninori , Nakamura Sachiko , Nagata Yukihiro 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective:To investigate whether endometrial wave‐like movements change with phases of the menstrual cycle.Methods:Endometrial wave‐like movements were observed by transvaginal sonographic tomography during 50 menstrual cycles of 20 regularly menstruating women.Results:Endometrial wave‐like movements were not observed during the early follicular phase. These movements proceeded perpendicularly to the longitudinal uterine axis and appeared at the midfollicular phase. In the periovulatory phase, waves reached a peak and moved from cervix to fundus. In the postovulatory phase, endometrial wave‐like movements became parallel to the longitudinal uterine axis. In the midluteal phase, most of these waves disappeared. Immediately before menstruation, the waves reappeared moving from fundus to cervix. These movements continued until day 1 of the subsequent menstrual phase.Conclusion:Endometrial wave‐like movements change with the passage of menstrual cycle. They appear to play an important role in the transport of sperm and cervical mucus and the excretion of menstrual flow.
A prospective randomized study comparing retroperitoneal drainage with no drainage and no peritonization following radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for invasive cervical cancer
Authors: Srisomboon Jatupol , Phongnarisorn Chailert , Suprasert Prapaporn , Cheewakriangkrai Chalong , Siriaree Sitthicha , Charoenkwan Kittipat 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the postoperative morbidity and lymphocyst formation in invasive cervical cancer patients undergoing radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy (RHPL) with no drainage and no peritonization compared with retroperitoneal drainage and peritonization.Methods:Between July 1999 and May 2000, 100 patients with stage IA‐IIA cervical cancer undergoing RHPL in Chiang Mai University Hospital were prospectively randomized to receive either no peritonization and no drainage (Group A = 48 cases) or retroperitoneal drainage and peritonization (Group B = 52 cases). Perioperative data and morbidity were recorded. Transabdominal and transvaginal sonography were performed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks postoperatively to detect lymphocyst formation.Results:Both groups were similar regarding age, size and gross appearance of tumor, tumor histology and stage. There was no difference between groups in respect of operative time, need for blood transfusion, intraoperative complications, hospital stay, number of nodes removed, nodal metastases, and need for adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy. Asymptomatic lymphocysts were sonographically detected at 4, 8 and 12 weeks postoperatively in 3 (6.8%), 2 (4.6%), and 3 (7.7%) of 44, 43, and 39 patients, respectively in Group A, whereas none was found in Group B (P = 0.2). No significant difference was found in term of postoperative morbidity in the two groups.Conclusion:Routine retroperitoneal drainage and peritonization after RHPL for invasive cervical cancer can be safely omitted.
Indication and Efficacy of Autologous Blood Transfusion for Pregnant Women
Authors: Kuromaki Ken‐ichi , Takeda Satoru , Seki Hiroyuki , Kinoshita Katsuyuki , Maeda Hiroo 
Published: March 2003

Objective and methods:The usefulness of autologous blood transfusion was evaluated in 91 women undergoing autologous blood reservation based on the amount of blood loss during delivery, and the frequency and amount of reserved autologous blood transfused.Results:Although the mean frequency of homologous blood transfusion was 0.87% before the initiation of auto‐logous blood reservation, it decreased to 0.41% after the initiation of autologous blood reservation. Among 80 women (87.9%) who underwent autologous blood transfusion, homologous blood transfusion was further required in 5 women (5.5%) due to unexpectedly massive bleeding during delivery. All of these 5 women had a past history of cesarean section due to the presence of placenta previa. Of 24 women with placenta previa who underwent autologous blood reservation (excluding those with a past history of cesarean section), homologous blood transfusion might be required in 13 women (54.2%) due to more than 1500 ml of blood loss during cesarean section, but homologous blood transfusion was avoided in all of these 13 women. Even in women who did not require emergency intraoperative blood transfusion, anemic symptoms were improved by postoperative transfusion of reserved autologous blood without producing any adverse reactions.Conclusions:These findings suggest that autologous blood transfusion may decrease the frequency of homologous blood transfusion in women with a possibility of massive bleeding during cesarean section due to the presence of placenta previa, a past history of cesarean section, or uterine leiomyoma developing in the anterior wall. Therefore, further distribution of autologous blood transfusion is needed in the future.
MOET: Bangladesh – an initial experience
Authors: Johanson Richard , Akhtar Sayeeba , Edwards Christine , Dewan Farhan , Haque Yasmin , Jones Peter 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Objectives:
To summarize the quantitative and qualitative immediate assessments of the Managing Obstetric Emergencies and Trauma (MOET) course and to examine the individual changes in score obtained for each of the scenarios.
Methods:
Students’ knowledge before and after the course was evaluated with a standardized comprehensive questionnaire.
Results:
All candidates showed an improvement in postcourse, compared to precourse, scores. In the individual score analysis only one scenario showed a non‐significant change. The majority of other scenarios showed highly significant improvement between the two scores.
Conclusion:
This paper summarises the development of the first MOET course to be run outside the UK. It demonstrates the reliability of the model‐based scenario foundation with a highly significant improvement in knowledge about obstetric emergency management. Further evaluation of longer term practice changes is now required.
Estrogen Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Bone Mineral Density, Menarche and Constitution in Japanese Adolescents
Authors: Makimoto Fukashi , Miyaguchi Chousei , Tsumura Noritoshi , Akiyama Jitsuo , Hosoi Takanori 
Published: March 2003

Objective: To study the effects of genetic factors on bone mineral density, sexual maturity and constitution of the adolescent.Methods: Bone mineral density (BMD) of 99 high school girls’ radial bone (one third
distal portion) was examined by DEXA methods at intervals of a year between 1997
and 1999 longitudinally. Estrogen receptor (ER) gene polymorphism of the subjects
was examined by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism
(PCR‐RFLP) . Depending on whether the restriction enzyme Pvu II digests the PCR products or not, polymorphism was designated as p or P, also designated x or X by restriction enzyme Xba I. The association between polymorphism of the ER gene, BMD, increase in BMD, menarche and constitution were examined.Results: Mean BMD at 15.7 years was 0.611 ± 0.046 SD g/cm′, and the increases in BMD at 1 year aftcr and in the next 1 year were 0.0158 ± 0.015 SD and 0.0095 ± 0.015 SD g/cm′, respectively. The genotype distributions were PP : Pp : pp = 20 : 50 : 29 and XX : Xx : xx = 2 : 33 : 64. The Pp group had a higher body mass index (BMI) and higher body weight with statistical significance (BMI : p = 0.03, Body Weight : p = 0.02, p : rejection probability). The Xx group had earlier menarche than the xx group with statistical significance (p = 0.04).Conclusions: Pvu II grouping of ER gene polymorphism is one of the deteminants of constitution.
Xba I grouping of ER gene polymorphism is one of the determinants of sexual maturity.
A prospective comparative study between hysterosalpingography and hysteroscopy in the detection of intrauterine pathology in patients with infertility
Authors: Preutthipan Sangchai , Linasmita Vasant 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim:  To investigate the accuracy of hysterosalpingography (HSG) in comparison to hysteroscopy in the detection of intrauterine pathology in patients with infertility, where hysteroscopy is the gold standard.Methods:  A prospective, comparative study included 336 patients undergoing both HSG and diagnostic hysteroscopy. Main outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and accuracy rate of HSG.Results:  Intrauterine abnormalities were shown on HSG in 286 patients and confirmed in 200 at hysteroscopy. Contrarily intrauterine lesions were detected by hysteroscopy in 4 out of 50 patients in whom HSG were normal. The most common intrauterine finding of 336 patients on hysteroscopy were intrauterine adhesions (IUA) (74), followed by endometrial polyps  (56), and submucous myoma, 26 patients. Statistical analysis revealed that HSG in the detection of intrauterine pathology had a sensitivity of 98.0%, specificity of 34.9%, positive predictive value of 69.9%, negative predictive value of 92.0%, and accuracy rate of 73.2% with false‐positive and false‐negative rates of 30.1% and 8.0%, respectively. The common incorrect diagnoses of HSG were misdiagnosing a condition of cervical stenosis as severe IUA in 24 patients, endometrial polyps as submucous myoma in 22 out of 50 patients, and submucous myoma as endometrial polyps in 12 out of 72 patients.Conclusions:  Hysterosalpingography is still a useful screening test for the evaluation of the uterine cavity. If a hysterogram demonstrates intrauterine abnormalities, hysteroscopy should be considered to make a definite diagnosis and treatment. Both procedures should be complementary to each other.
Ralstonia solanacearum AmpD is required for wild‐type bacterial wilt virulence
Authors: Tans‐Kersten J. , Gay J. , Allen C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA gene resembling enterobacterial ampD was identified in the bacterial wilt pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum. The gene lies 13 bp 3′ of pehSR, a two‐component positive regulator of virulence factors such as plant cell wall‐degrading polygalacturonases and bacterial motility. AmpD, an N‐acetylmuramyl‐
l‐alanine amidase, degrades and recycles bacterial cell wall components and also plays a role in the induction of β‐lactamase, which confers ampicillin resistance. AmpD is probably not involved in β‐lactamase regulation in R. solanacearum, because the species produces no detectable β‐lactamase activity and is not ampicillin resistant. However, the R. solanacearum ampD gene restores inducible β‐lactamase activity to an Escherichia coli ampD mutant, demonstrating that the gene encodes an AmpD protein that can function in a heterologous background. An R. solanacearumampD chromosomal mutant was motile, produced wild‐type levels of polygalacturonase activity and had wild‐type cell and colony morphology. This mutant also grew normally in minimal medium and in plant tissue. Nonetheless, the ampD mutant was significantly reduced in bacterial wilt virulence on eggplant and tomato, suggesting a previously unsuspected role for N‐acetylmuramyl‐
l‐alanine amidase in plant pathogenesis.
A PR‐5 gene promoter from Asparagus officinalis (AoPRT‐L) is not induced by abiotic stress, but is activated around sites of pathogen challenge and by salicylate in transgenic tobacco
Authors: Kenton Paul , Darby Robert M. , Shelley Greg , Draper John 
Published: March 2003

SummaryUsing a promoter‐uidA (AoPRT‐L‐GUS) construct, we have characterized heterologous expression controlled by an Asparagus officinalis acidic PR‐5 gene promoter. The construct was found to be up‐regulated following a variety of treatments with the defence signal salicylate. Similarly, AoPRT‐L‐GUS was induced by the SA mimic benzothiodiazole, however, unlike salicylate, this compound does not appear to be transported through the vasculature. The construct was insensitive to wounding and to the wound signal jasmonate. Pathogen challenge resulted in a restricted zone of expression at and around the infection site. High levels of NaCl or PEG 8000 failed to induce foliar expression, however, mannitol proved to be an effective inducer when applied as a root drench. The oxidants H2O2 and t‐butyl hydroperoxide also failed to induce AoPRT‐L‐GUS expression. Developmental expression of the construct appeared to be limited to leaf axils, sepal tips, a proportion of anthers and a small segment of tissue just below the stigma. Thus, the AoPRT‐L promoter exhibits a limited expression profile responding principally to salicylate‐related defence signals, and shows very little developmental expression. This suggests that the AoPRT‐L promoter may be an ideal choice for contained gene expression.
Strawberry crinkle virus, a Cytorhabdovirus needing more attention from virologists
Authors: Posthuma Karin I. , Adams Anthony N. , Hong Yiguo 
Published: March 2003

SummaryTaxonomic relationship: A member of nonsegmented, negative‐sense, single‐stranded RNA viruses of the genus Cytorhabdovirus (type member: Lettuce necrotic yellows virus), family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales. Members of the family Rhabdoviridae can infect vertebrates, invertebrates and plants.Physical properties: Virions are bacilliform, 74–88 nm in diameter and 163–383 nm in length with surface projections probably composed of trimers of the glycoprotein G, occurring in the cytoplasm in either the coated or the uncoated form (Fig. 1). The nucleocapsid is enclosed in a host‐derived envelope. Within the virion, the SCV genome consists of a single negative‐sense single‐stranded RNA molecule of approximately 13 kb.Electron micrograph of strawberry crinkle virus. Bar = 200 nm.imageViral proteins: The SCV genome encodes at least five proteins: the nucleocapsid (N) protein (45 kDa), the matrix (M) protein (77 kDa), the nonstructural protein [Ns, 55 kDa, also known as phosphoprotein (P)], the glycoprotein (G, 23 kDa) and the large (L) protein.Hosts: The natural host range of SCV is limited to species of the genus Fragaria L. Experimental hosts include Physalis pubescens L., P. floridana Rydb., Nicotiana occidentalis, N. glutinosa L. and N. clevelandi Gray. SCV also replicates in its insect vectors Chaetosiphon fragaefolii Cockerell and C. jacobi Hille Ris Lamberts. When injected as purified virus, SCV replicates in aphids Hyperomyzus lactucae (L.), Macrosiphon euphorbiae Thomas, Myzus ornatus Laing, Megoura viciae Buckton, and Acyrthosiphoa pisum (Harris).