bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of mothers’ knowledge about infant sudden death syndrome and its risk factors
Authors: Hajian Mahtab , Tabasizadeh Hamed , Mohamadi Elahe , Daliri Salman , Moayyed Marzieh Eslami 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Sudden infant death syndrome is the third leading cause of infant death in the first year of life and is one of the most important health problems around the world. The exact etiology of this phenomenon is not clear yet, but some risk factors, especially prone sleep positions, have been described. Fortunately, by modifying some environmental factors, the SIDS incidence might be decreased. Mothers’ and caregivers’ knowledge about this neglected event could be an important factor in determining SIDS prevalence.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the pediatric and neonatal specialty clinic of Bahar Shahroud Hospital in 2020. Five hundred and twenty-seven pregnant women of reproductive age (18 to 45 years) were included in the study. Assessment of mothers’ knowledge was done using a sudden infant death syndrome risk questionnaire. Statistical analysis of data was performed using independent t-test, Chi-square, and logistic regression.

RESULTS:
The number of 527 pregnant women of childbearing age participated in our study. 81.9% were under 35 years old. According to the study, factors such as maternal age, mother’s level of education, number of pregnancies, and history of previous infant death syndrome had a significant relationship with the mother’s level of knowledge about infant death syndrome. The findings showed that the mother’s age is over 35 years old during pregnancy (CI: 0.95-0.46-OR: 1.53) and the level of education under a diploma (CI: 3.13-1.6: 06, OR: 1.86), and increasing parity is associated with a lower level of knowledge about infant death syndrome.

CONCLUSION:
According to mothers’ lack of knowledge about SIDS and the availability of simple and cost-effective methods to prevent SIDS, improving mothers’ knowledge about this important event in pregnancy and postpartum, educational sessions are crucial.
Psychological challenges of female caregivers in providing home-based palliative care for patients with advanced cancer: A descriptive-exploratory study
Authors: Monemian Sharifeh , Sharbafchi Mohammad R. , Taleghani Fariba 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Family caregivers play a key role in providing care for patients with advanced cancer. Most of this care burden is shouldered by female caregivers in the family. Compared to their male counterparts, female caregivers face numerous psychological challenges in the process of caregiving. The aim of this study was to identify the psychological challenges of female caregivers in providing care to patients with advanced cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This descriptive-exploratory study began with purposive sampling method in 2020-2021 in Isfahan and continued until data saturation was reached. Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with female caregivers of patients with advanced cancer and 18 more interviews with providers of health services and supportive-palliative care. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis.

DISCUSSION:
The results were classified into three categories. The first category was psychological reactions that included the four subcategories of depression and anxiety, aggression, mental exhaustion, and death anxiety; the second category was psychological needs which included the three subcategories of need for professional counseling, need for emotional support, and need to prepare for mourning; and the third category was mental occupations which consisted of the two subcategories of feeling of regret and remorse.

CONCLUSION:
Assessment of psychological challenges is a prerequisite for planning psychological interventions, providing high-quality care, and improving quality of life and satisfaction of caregivers. The findings of this study will contribute to the development of guidelines and empowerment programs for female caregivers providing palliative care.
The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on clinical symptoms and treatment adherence in dialysis patients
Authors: Sadeghi Amir Hossein , Ahmadi Seyyed Ali , Ghodrati-Torbati Abbas 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Clinical symptoms and treatment adherence are one of the most important problems in dialysis patients. Psychological treatments can be effective in reducing the problems of these patients. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on clinical symptoms and treatment adherence in these patients.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:
This study was a quasi-experimental study with the experimental and control groups in the dialysis clinic of Torbat-e Heydarieh City in 2012. The sample consisted of 40 people who were referred to the dialysis clinic, and the available sampling method was used to randomly assign participants to the experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, ACT was performed in eight sessions of 90 minutes. Questionnaires of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and general adherence scale were used. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 21) software and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) test.

RESULTS:
There was a significant difference between the mean scores of clinical symptoms and treatment adherence variables in the experimental and control groups (P < 0.05). The effect of this treatment on reducing the clinical symptoms score was 48%, and on increasing the treatment, the adherence score was 44%.

CONCLUSION:
ACT can reduce clinical symptoms and increase treatment adherence in dialysis patients, so it is suggested to use this intervention in the design of treatment plans for dialysis patients.
The effectiveness of behavioral activation therapy on the symptoms of depression, rumination, and social-occupational functioning impairment among women with postpartum depression
Authors: Nikandish Zahra , Sajjadian Ilnaz 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Postpartum depression is caused by a wide range of factors, and women in their postpartum period are highly vulnerable, either physically or emotionally. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of behavioral activation therapy on the symptoms of depression, rumination, and social-occupational functioning impairment among women with postpartum depression (PPD).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This quasi-experimental research included a pre-test, a post-test, and a one-month follow-up, as well as experimental and control groups. The participants were screened using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EDPS) in 2019. The research included 32 women who had visited Isfahan Healthcare Centers. They were selected using convenience sampling and then randomly divided into experimental (16 individuals) and control groups (16 individuals). Both groups answered the following questionnaires before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Nelon, et al. Ruminative Response Scale, and Mundt et al. Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS). The experimental group received behavioral activation therapy for nine 90-minute sessions once a week. The data were analyzed using the statistical method of multivariance analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).

RESULT:
The results showed that behavioral activation therapy had a significant effect on the symptoms of depression (P = 0.001, F = 79.65), postpartum depression (P = 0.001, F = 220.359), rumination (P = 0.001, F = 121.765), and social-occupational functioning impairment (P = 0.001, F = 368.512) among women with postpartum depression. The effects of behavioral activation therapy also lasted in the follow-up stage of the study.

CONCLUSION:
According to the present research, behavioral activation therapy is an effective method that decreases the symptoms of depression, rumination, and occupational-social functioning impairment among women with postpartum depression. Therefore, behavioral activation therapy could be beneficial to intervention designs and treatment of postpartum depression.
The readiness of Saudi nursing interns for the professional role
Authors: Alaamri Marym M. , Alasmari Abeer A. , Alasiri Jelan A. , Bahaddad Reem A. , Alsulami Atheer K. , AlQarni Rawan M. H. , Alhofaian Aisha , Tunsi Afnan 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
The nursing education program offers opportunities to prepare nursing students with the knowledge and skills required for their professional roles. The level of their readiness and confidence will affect their ability to provide effective and sufficient nursing care. The purpose of this study is to assess nursing interns readiness for professional roles.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:
To accomplish the study’s objectives, a cross-sectional, descriptive design was employed. All nursing interns who graduated from the KAU School of Nursing in the academic year 2018–2019 were recruited from different hospitals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from March 2019 until May 2019. Participants completed the Casey–Fink Readiness for Practice Survey. Descriptive statistics were conducted to answer the research questions.

RESULTS:
The results of this study demonstrated that the students felt ready and confident to assume their professional nursing roles. The students had some difficulties with managing multiple patients and certain skills, such as how to deal with dying patients and prioritize patient care needs.

CONCLUSION:
The findings of this study showed the students felt entirely ready for the professional nursing role. The nursing college at King Abdul-Aziz University is making a great effort to prepare its students for their professional roles. We still need to develop skills and clinical competencies in preparation for effective professional roles. In addition, continuous assessment is considered important for patient safety, to increase nurses’ work retention, and to enhance professional nurse confidence and the quality of care they must provide.
Efficacy of ChatGPT in solving attitude, ethics, and communication case scenario used for competency-based medical education in India: A case study
Authors: Roy Asitava Deb , Das Dipmala , Mondal Himel 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Competency-based medical education (CBME) is a method of medical training that focuses on developing learners’ competencies rather than simply assessing their knowledge and skills. Attitude, ethics, and communication (AETCOM) are important components of CBME, and the use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT for CBME has not been studied. Hence, we aimed to assess the capability of ChatGPT in solving AETCOM case scenarios used for CBME in India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A total of 11 case scenarios were developed based on the AETCOM competencies. The scenarios were presented to ChatGPT, and the responses generated by ChatGPT were evaluated by three independent experts by awarding score ranging from 0 to 5. The scores were compared with a predefined score of 2.5 (50% accuracy) and 4 (80% accuracy) of a one-sample median test. Scores among the three raters were compared by the Kruskal–Wallis H test. The inter-rater reliability of the evaluations was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

RESULTS:
The mean score of solution provided by ChatGPT was 3.88 ± 0.47 (out of 5), indicating an accuracy of approximately 78%. The responses evaluated by three raters were similar (Kruskal–Wallis H P value 0.51), and the ICC value was 0.796, which indicates a relatively high level of agreement among the raters.

CONCLUSION:
ChatGPT shows moderate capability in solving AETCOM case scenarios used for CBME in India. The inter-rater reliability of the evaluations suggests that ChatGPT’s responses were consistent and reliable. Further studies are needed to explore the potential of ChatGPT and other AI tools in CBME and to determine the optimal use of these tools in medical education.
Comparing the effectiveness of different health education approaches for preventing tobacco use among school-going students in a government school of Dadra and Nagar Haveli district
Authors: Bariya Bhaveshbhai , Solanki Preeti , Mahyavanshi Darshankumar , Tolani Jayshree 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Four out of five people who use tobacco begin before they reach adulthood. Schools provide the opportunity to address the young population before they initiate tobacco use. Different health education approaches have their unique merits and demerits. The present study aims to assess the use of various approaches for effective communication with students regarding tobacco hazards.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
It was a health education intervention study done at a Government School in Dadra and Nagar Haveli district. The students of class IX and class XI of Government School were educated about the harmful effects of tobacco and government regulations against tobacco use using various methods of health education; chalk and talk, panel discussion, roleplay, pamphlet distribution, etc., The Student “t” test was used to compare scores obtained by students before and after the intervention. The Chi-square test was used to test associations between variables. Bonferroni post
hoc test was used to test for significant differences between various methods of health education imparted to students.

RESULTS:
A total of 367 students participated in the study, with females comprising 53% of the sample. The mean age of the students was 15.7 years (±1.05). The study found the magnitude of a statistically significant increase in mean score percentages for knowledge through various health education methods: chalk and talk (37.0%, P < 0.0001), pamphlet (26.65%, P < 0.0001), roleplay (20.83%, P = 0.0003), panel discussion (14.7%, P = 0.0009), poster (12.6%, P = 0.0025), symposium (8.4%, P = 0.0221), and leaflet (−4.0%, P = 0.0382). Furthermore, the Bonferroni post
hoc test demonstrated that the chalk-and-talk method was more effective in enhancing knowledge, while the leaflet method was more influential in shaping attitudes.

CONCLUSIONS:
The chalk-and-talk method is the most effective health education method for awareness of tobacco hazards among class IX and XI students. While planning for health education dissemination, the approach should be chosen wisely considering the content to be delivered.
The effect of in-home supportive counseling on maternal functioning and self-efficacy following cesarean section among primiparous women
Authors: Farasati Mahsa , Nourizadeh Roghaiyeh , Sattarzadeh-Jahdi Niloufar , Esmaeilpour Khalil , Mehrabi Esmat , Reisy Leila 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Women require follow-up care and ongoing counseling after childbirth. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of in-home supportive counseling on the maternal functioning and self-efficacy after CS among primiparous women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 60 primiparous women aged 18–35 years following CS in Ardabil, Iran from April to November 2021. After convenience sampling, participants were randomly assigned into the intervention and control groups with a ratio of 1:1 by block randomization using Random Allocation Software with block sizes of 4 and 6. The intervention group received in-home supportive counseling during three sessions on days 3, 7, and one month after birth. The control group received only routine postpartum care. The data were collected using the demographic and obstetric characteristics, maternal self-efficacy questionnaire, and Barkin index of maternal functioning, completed by both groups 10–15 days, two, and four months after birth. Independent t-test and RMANOVA were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS:
The mean score of maternal functioning in the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group 10–15 days, 2 and 4 months after birth (AMD: 28.51, 95% CI: 24.91 to 32.10, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean (SD) score of maternal self-efficacy between the two groups 10–15 days after birth. However, this difference was statistically significant 2 and 4 months after birth and after adjusting the time effect (AMD: 10.56, 95% CI: 9.46 to 11.67, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:
In-home supportive counseling can be effective in improving maternal functioning and maternal self-efficacy after CS. Acquiring functional skills increases mothers’ self-confidence and self-efficacy in caring for the newborn.
Evaluation of Marginal and Internal Adaptation of Crowns Fabricated with Three Different Zirconia CAD/CAM Materials
Authors: Temizkan Nizaroglu R , Küçük C 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Marginal and internal adaptation are key factors that determine the clinical success of dental restorations.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the marginal and internal fit of crowns fabricated with three different CAD-CAM zirconia materials; two monolithic zirconia materials and one veneered zirconia copings in comparison with conventional metal-ceramic crowns.

Material and Methods:
Ninety-six extracted molars (n = 96) were selected. Teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n = 24), and the following restorations were fabricated: Metal-ceramic crowns (Control group) (Group CG); monolithic zirconia crowns (GC initial) (Group MZ1); monolithic zirconia crowns (InCoris TZI),(Group MZ2); bilayered zirconia crowns, cores (InCoris ZI) veneered with a low-fusing glass-ceramic (IPS Emax Ceram),(Group BZ). Internal and marginal adaptations were evaluated using the silicone replica technique. A total of 20 points were recorded for every tooth under the light microscope at 20x magnifications. Results were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the post
hoc Tukey’s test at a significance level of 0.01.

Results:
Marginal, marginal-internal, axial, and occlusal gaps between CG, MZ1, MZ2, and BZ crowns showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
Monolithic zirconia groups showed better marginal adaptation compared with the veneered zirconia crowns.
Pattern and Prevalence of Intestinal Helminthiasis among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State
Authors: Onyia JT , Onyia OA , Ikefuna A , Oguonu T , Ubesie A , Eke CB , Chinawa JM 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be more prone to helminthic infestation because they have depleted immunity, which increases their susceptibility to infection and infestations, even with minimally pathogenic organisms such as helminths.

Aim:
The prevalence and pattern of intestinal helminthiasis among children living with HIV attending the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu.

Patients and Methods:
A cross-sectional study in which 70 HIV-infected children were consecutively recruited from the Pediatric HIV clinic and matched for age and sex with 70 children recruited from the children outpatient clinic (CHOP) of UNTH Ituku-Ozalla. Stool samples of study participants were collected and analyzed using the Kato–Katz method and subsequently examined under the microscope for helminths’ eggs and larvae. The worm intensity was determined using the theoretical analytic sensitivity (TAS) of 24 eggs per gram (EPG) to obtain the number of eggs per gram of feces. The CD4+ count, which describes the severity of immunosuppression in HIV-positive children was determined using the PARTEC Cyflow counter for the CD4+ lymphocyte count, whereas HIV screening was performed using the rapid diagnostic tests for HIV (Determine, Statpack and Unigold). Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS.

Results:
The prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis among HIV-infected and non-infected children was 27.1% and 12.9%, respectively (P = 0.038). HIV-positive children were more likely to have intestinal helminthiasis than HIV-negative children (odds ratio [OR] =2.525, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.052–6.063). Ascaris lumbricoides was the predominant helminthic species in both HIV-infected and non-infected groups; however, there was no statistical significance between intestinal helminthic species and HIV status (P = 0.655) but the severity of intestinal helminthiasis was significantly associated with decreasing CD4+ count (P = 0.028). The risk factors for intestinal helminthic infestation examined were similar in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative children (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
There was a significantly higher prevalence of helminthic infestation among HIV-infected children compared to their HIV-negative counterparts. The severity of intestinal helminthiasis was significantly associated with decreasing CD4+ count.
Relationship between Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and Thrombosis in Patients with Portal Vein Thrombosis (PVT) without Acquired Risk Factor for Thrombosis
Authors: Duygulu ME , Ayyildiz T , Yildirim B , Corba Zorlu BS , Goren I , Bektas A 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Inflammation occurring after vascular endothelial damage plays a role in thrombus formation. Changes in various blood parameters that develop after the inflammatory condition can be used as a marker to predict thrombus.

Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and portal vein thrombosis (PVT).

Materials and Methods:
After applying the exclusion and inclusion criteria to the patients diagnosed with PVT and followed up in our center between January 2006 and May 2018, a total of 38 patients without acquired risk factors for the development of PVT and 52 healthy controls were included in the study. Clinical features and NLR and PLR at diagnosis were evaluated.

Results:
NLR and PLR values were detected to be significantly higher in patients diagnosed with PVT compared to the control group (P < 0.001 for NLR, P < 0.001 for PLR). Findings were as follows: In acute PVT patients for NLR = 3.645 (area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) 0.886, sensitivity 69.2%, specificity 96.2%, P < 0.001), for PLR = 196.24 (AUROC 0.754, sensitivity 53.2%, specificity 96.2%, P = 0.005), while in chronic PVT patients, for NLR = 3.645 (AUROC 0.744, sensitivity 40%, specificity 96.2%, P = 0.001), and for PLR = 195.93 (AUROC 0.715, sensitivity 44%, specificity 96.2%, P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
NLR and PLR were associated with the diagnosis of PVT. In PVT patients, NLR and PLR values were observed to be significantly higher than the control group. In our study, the relationship between NLR and PLR in patients with noncirrhotic, nonmalignant PVT without acquired risk factors for thrombosis was shown for the first time.