bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capecitabine plus oxaliplatin for the first‐line treatment of elderly patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Comella Pasquale , Natale Donato , Farris Antonio , Gambardella Antonio , Maiorino Luigi , Massidda Bruno , Casaretti Rossana , Tafuto Salvatore , Lorusso Vito , Leo Silvana , Cannone Michele 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma (MCC), capecitabine has demonstrated a superior response rate (RR), equivalent disease progression‐free (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and an improved overall tolerability profile compared with bolus 5‐fluorouracil/leucovorin (5‐FU/LV). The FOLFOX4 regimen, combining oxaliplatin with LV and bolus plus infusional 5‐FU (LV5FU2), has been shown to improve RR and PFS versus LV5FU2, and it was more effective and less toxic than irinotecan plus bolus 5‐FU/LV. Capecitabine (an oral fluoropyrimidine) may be an effective, well tolerated, and more convenient alternative to 5‐FU/LV in combination with oxaliplatin, especially in older patients.METHODSElderly (≥ 70 years) patients with MCC were treated with a 3‐weekly regimen of oxaliplatin at an initial dose of 85 mg/m2intravenously on Day 1 plus capecitabine 1000 mg/m2orally twice daily from Days 2 to 15 (XELOX regimen). In the absence of Grade ≥ 2 hematologic toxicity, oxaliplatin was increased to 100 mg/m2in the second cycle, and in the absence of Grade ≥ 2 nonhematologic adverse events during Cycle 2, capecitabine was increased to 1250 mg/m2twice daily in the third and subsequent cycles. After the first 35 patients (first series), the treatment protocol was amended so that only an oxaliplatin increase to 110 mg/m2and 130 mg/m2during Cycles 2 and 3, respectively, was planned in the remaining 41 patients (second series).RESULTSSeventy‐six patients with a median age of 75 years (range, 70–82 years) entered the current study. In the first series, the oxaliplatin dose was increased in 18 (51%) patients, and the capecitabine dose was increased in 4 (11%) patients. In the second series, the oxaliplatin dose was increased to 110 mg/m2in 26 (63%) patients, and to 130 mg/m2in 19 (46%) patients. In all, 2 complete and 29 partial responses were observed, for an overall RR of 41% (95% confidence interval [CI], 30–53%). The median PFS was 8.5 months (95% CI, 6.7–10.3 months), and the median OS was 14.4 months (95% CI, 11.9–16.9 months). In a multivariate analysis, the presence of disease symptoms affected both PFS and OS, whereas OS also was independently affected by male gender and disease spread. Age had no independent effect on PFS or OS. Five percent of patients developed Grade ≥ 3 hematologic toxicity during treatment, Grade 3 peripheral neuropathy occurred in 8% of patients, and severe hand‐foot syndrome in 13% of patients.CONCLUSIONSFit elderly patients with MCC showed a good RR to XELOX with only mild toxicity observed in most patients. XELOX, should, therefore be considered as an important therapeutic option for elderly patients with MCC. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
UV Spectra and Excitation Delocalization in DNA: Influence of the Spectral Width
Authors: Emanuele Emanuela , Markovitsi Dimitra , Millié Philippe , Zakrzewska Krystyna 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe singlet excited states of the model DNA duplex (dA)10.(dT)10 are studied. Calculations are performed in the exciton theory framework. Molecular dynamics calculations provide the duplex geometry. The dipolar coupling is determined using atomic transition charges. The monomer transition energies are simulated by Gaussian functions resembling the absorption bands of nucleosides in aqueous solutions. Most of the excited states are found to be delocalized over at least two bases and result from the mixing of different monomer states. Their properties are only weakly affected by conformational changes of the double helix. On average, the highest oscillator strength is carried by the upper eigenstates. The duplex absorption spectra are shifted a few nanometers to higher energies with respect to the spectra of noninteracting monomers. The states with larger spatial extent are located close to the maximum of the absorption spectrum.
Solvation of Tetraalkylammonium Chlorides in Acetonitrile–Water Mixtures: Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Saielli Giacomo , Scorrano Gianfranco , Bagno Alessandro , Wakisaka Akihiro 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe solvation of tetramethylammonium chloride (Me4NCl) and tetra‐n‐butylammonium chloride (Bu4NCl) in water–acetonitrile mixtures was investigated by mass spectrometry of clusters isolated from the solution. As far as the positive ions are concerned, clusters composed of alkylammonium ions and acetonitrile molecules only were observed, even for mixtures with high water content. In contrast, for the negative ions, clusters composed of chloride with both water and/or acetonitrile molecules were observed. For the smaller system (Me4NCl) we performed quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. It was found that even though water is present in the solvation shell of Me4N+, only acetonitrile has a strong electrostatic interaction with the cation. Water molecules around Me4N+ form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules, and they interact with Me4N+ mainly via dispersive interactions. These results indicate that Me4N+ behaves like a hydrophobic solute. On the other hand, the interaction of Cl− with water and acetonitrile is of comparable strength and, in both cases, the electrostatic interaction dominates. Herein we demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that positive and negative ions give rise to characteristic solvation structures in mixed solvents: even a relatively small organic cation, such as Me4N+, exhibits a hydrophobic‐like solvation shell.
A Study Using X‐ray Absorption and Emission Spectroscopy of Dioxygen‐Binding Xerogels Incorporating Cyclam Units Complexed with Copper Salts
Authors: Goulon José , Goulon‐Ginet Chantal , Rogalev Andrei , Wilhelm Fabrice , Jaouen Nicolas , Cabaret Delphine , Joly Yves , Dubois Géraud , Corriu Robert J. P. , David Gabriel , Brandès Stéphane , Guilard Roger 
Published: June 2005

AbstractX‐ray absorption spectroscopy was used to elucidate how hybrid xerogels complexed with CuCl2 could reversibly bind molecular dioxygen. Difference EXAFS analyses at the Cu K‐edge suggest that dioxygen could bridge two Cu atoms in a μ‐η1:η1 peroxo‐like conformation with unequal Cu···O distances. Only the short distance (RCu–O1 = 1.86 ± 0.01 Å) was unambiguously determined and looks typical of a CuII site. The Cu···Cu internuclear distances would be rather long: RCu–Cu ≈ 4.0 Å (3.9 Å) for the oxygenated (oxygen‐free) xerogels. Cl K‐edge EXAFS spectra revealed the pre‐existence in the oxygen‐free xerogels of CuI sites with short Cl–Cu bonds (2.11 ± 0.03 Å). Pentacoordinate CuII sites with a longer Cl–Cu bond (2.45 ± 0.03 Å) were also identified. Another signal at a further distance (2.73 ± 0.03 Å) suggests that the Cl ions could bridge mixed‐valence {CuI,CuII} sites. In oxygenated xerogels complexed with CuCl2, ca. 75 % of the Cu atoms would be singly bound to dioxygen while the signature of the pentacoordinate CuII sites would totally vanish. Substituting CuBr2 for CuCl2 yields xerogels with a poor capability to bind dioxygen. This is remarkably correlatedwith a decrease of the signatures at RCu–O1 = 1.86 Å and RCu–Cu 4.0 Å. EXAFS spectra of the oxygen‐free xerogel complexed with CuBr2 again exhibit signatures assigned to short (2.30 Å)/long (2.49 Å) Cu–Br bonds as expected for mixed‐valence {CuI,CuII} systems. Inactive xerogels prepared with metallated cyclams seem to undergo a structural change during hydrolysis and polycondensation. Deconvoluted XANES spectra of the active xerogels exhibit a strong pre‐edge resonance which is characteristic of mixed‐valence CuI sites. This interpretation was supported by ab initio XANES simulations carried out beyond the muffin‐tin approximation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Detection of Trace Phenol Based on Mesoporous Silica Derived Tyrosinase‐Peroxidase Biosensor
Authors: Dai Zhihui , Xu Xiaoxing , Wu Lina , Ju Huangxian 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA novel electrochemical biosensor for phenol based on immobilization of tyrosinase‐peroxidase on mesoporous silica is described. The enhanced sensitivity of the tyrosinase‐horseradish peroxidase based biosensor to phenol was observed on comparing with tyrosinase or horseradish peroxidase monoenzyme modified electrodes. Two enzymes retained their enzymatic activities for phenol determination without any mediator. The preparation conditions of the biosensor are discussed. Optimization of the experimental parameters was performed with regard to pH and operating potential. The phenol sensor exhibited a fast response of less than 10 seconds. The sensitivity of the biosensor for phenol was 14 μA μM−1 cm−2 with a linear range from 2×10−7 to 2.3×10−4 M and a detection limit of 4.1×10−9 M. The biosensor showed a good stability and reproducibility.
The Solid State Electrochemistry of Dysprosium(III) Hexacyanoferrate(II)
Authors: Wu Ping , Cai Chenxin 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA new electroactive polynuclear inorganic compound of rare earth metal hexacyanoferrate, dysprosium hexacyanoferrate (DyHCF), was prepared chemically and characterized using techniques of FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV‐vis spectrometry and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) etc. The cyclic voltammetric behavior of DyHCF mechanically attached to the surface of graphite electrode was well defined and exhibited a pair of redox peaks with the formal potential of 217 mV (vs. SCE) at a scan rate of 100 mV/s in 0.2 M NaCl solution and the redox peak currents increased linearly with the square root of the scan rates.
Chemically Polymerized Polyaniline Films for the Mass‐Production of Biosensor Devices
Authors: Grennan Kathleen , Killard Anthony J. , Smyth Malcolm R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe widespread use of screen‐printed electrodes in biosensor applications has meant that mass‐production of disposable, inexpensive sensors has become feasible. However, the complexity of surface coatings that require difficult and time‐consuming deposition procedures do not lend themselves to the same production conveniences. This article describes moves towards the development of an alternative to the electrochemical deposition of polyaniline on electrode surfaces for incorporation into an established sensor format. Chemical rather than electrochemical polymerization of the conducting polymer polyaniline enables a multitude of electrodes to be coated simultaneously, without the need for complex instrumentation. The aim of this work was to control the coating parameters such that a coating of polymer was deposited that displayed the optimum thickness and electrochemical properties of that previously optimized electrochemically. Deposition procedures were found to depend on the hydrophilicity of the underlying carbon paste electrode as well as on a variety of polymerization parameters.
Electrochemical Responses of Thiolated Oligodeoxynucleotides in Cobalt‐Containing Solutions
Authors: Ostatná Veronika , Jelen František , Hianik Tibor , Palecek Emil 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe show for the first time that thiol end‐labeled oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) produce specific voltammetric signals at mercury and solid amalgam electrodes in cobalt‐containing solutions (usually used in polarographic and voltammetric analysis of peptides and proteins). Most of the measurements were performed by adsorptive transfer stripping (ex situ) method. 21‐mer ODN HS(CTT)7 was attached to the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) and the DNA‐modified electrode was immersed in the cobalt‐containing empty background electrolyte. This ODN produced several differential pulse voltammetric signals which are not observed in absence of cobalt. The most negative signal (peak 3) of submicromolar HS(CTT)7 attained much larger heights than the catalytic (Brdicka) peaks of about 10‐fold more concentrated cysteine‐containing peptide. The peak 3 and a less negative peak 2 of the HSODN increased with increasing buffer concentration suggesting that, similarly to cysteine‐containing peptides and proteins, for both SH–ODN peaks catalytic hydrogen evolution was responsible. Since peak 3 appeared at less negative potentials than the peptide Brdicka peaks it was possible to measure the ODN and peptide signals separately. This new possibility of measuring signals of thiolated DNA in the media, which proved suitable for protein analysis, can be utilized in the development of sensors for DNA‐protein interactions, important in biomedicine and proteomics.
Combined modelling of TCP and multi‐RED in DiffServ networks
Authors: Baumann Matthias , Marandin Dmitry , Sulaiman Samer 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper presents a new numerical method to analyse steady‐state TCP throughputs in DiffServ networks. Different TCP models are briefly reviewed, and a Markov chain is used to capture the behaviour of a multi‐random early detection (RED) queue. The established closed network model couples models for TCP, marking device and multi‐RED queue. We assess accuracy and limits of the technique, and apply it for a discusion of parameter settings for marking devices. Copyright © 2005 AEIT.
Approximate state probabilities in large shared multirate loss systems with an application to trunk reservation
Authors: Bziuk Wolfgang 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe saddle‐point method of integration is used to derive a non‐recursive approximation for the distribution of occupied bandwidth units of the multirate loss system with complete sharing, which achieves complexity O(1) per state. For the multirate finite sources model an asymptotic scaling is assumed in which the capacity and the number of sources are large and as an application the tail probability is approximated in the region 10− 4–10− 10. The limits for the infinite sources model are obtained as well and the approximate distribution is used to initialise a partial recursion, which transforms the state probabilities into an approximate distribution of the same system with trunk reservation. As a result the blockings are obtained with a low numerical complexity, which scales independent of the capacity. Numerical results show the accuracy and efficiency of the approximations. The estimate of the tail probability is shown to be superior if compared to the modified Chernoff bound. Copyright © 2005 AEIT.
Resilient dimensioning of proportionally fair networks
Authors: Pióro Michał , Kubilinskas Eligijus , Nilsson Pål 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe notion of proportional fairness has recently gained considerable interest as a potential means for a fair allocation of bandwidth between the end nodes of demands in the networks carrying elastic traffic. The issue of proportionally fair allocation of bandwidth for the nominal state of the network has been studied before, both in the capacitated (link capacities given) and the uncapacitated (link capacities are also subject to optimisation) cases. In the presented paper, we address a more complicated uncapacitated problem—optimisation of link capacities for a proportionally fair network robust to failures. We formulate a relevant optimisation problem and propose efficient solution algorithms. Efficiency of the algorithms is illustrated with numerical examples including large networks. The design approach is applicable to IP/MPLS networks based on leased transmission capacity. Copyright © 2005 AEIT.
Load balancing in IP networks by optimising link weights
Authors: Mulyana Eueung , Killat Ulrich 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe present a hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) approach to optimise link weights used for routing inside an autonomous system in IP networks. This method can be seen as an alternative to metaheuristic‐based approaches previously proposed in the literature. However, our approach is based on a simple but powerful GA, which utilises a plain but flexible objective function, taking both maximum link utilisation and weight reconfiguration into account. Furthermore, the population‐based feature of the GA is enhanced with a search heuristic representing an individual‐based search method to form a hybrid GA (HGA). We demonstrate our method in a case of a small network and compare the results with the linear programming (LP) lower bound of general optimal routing. Afterwards we show the results for a bigger network with increasing traffic demands, compared with the results of some conventional weight settings as well as with the LP lower bound. Copyright © 2005 AEIT.
AC algorithms in AQUILA QoS IP network
Authors: Brandauer Christof , Burakowski Wojciech , Dabrowski Marek , Tarasiuk Halina , Koch Berthold 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper presents the admission control (AC) algorithms that are implemented in the prototype multi‐service AQUILA QoS IP network4. The discussed algorithms were developed for regulating traffic submitted to network services (NS) dedicated for handling: (1) real‐time streaming traffic of variable bit rate (VBR) type and (2) elastic traffic, produced by greedy TCP sources. For the former NS, named Premium VBR, the measurement‐based AC (MBAC) scheme is proposed. The applied approach employs the well‐known Hoeffding bound formula2for calculating required link capacity to assure packet loss ratio at a predefined level. Moreover, this method is supported by the declarations about the peak bit rate as well as by the measurements of mean bit rate on aggregate flow level. For the latter NS, named premium multimedia, two alternative AC algorithms are investigated, both designed for assuring requested TCP throughput. While the first of them follows the token bucket marking (TBM) concept12, the second one adjusts the advertised TCP window size to enable an ideal TCP behaviour (i.e. lossless packet transfer). The simulation results are included for illustrating the advantages of the discussed algorithms. Copyright © 2005 AEIT.
Heuristic methods for topological design of telecommunication networks
Authors: Karaś Piotr , Mysłek Andrzej 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe paper addresses a generic topological network design problem. The target of the optimisation is to determine a network structure and a demand allocation pattern that would minimise the cost of the network, given a list of potential node locations and a list of admissible interconnections between these nodes. Since the problem is known to be NP‐hard, use of specialised heuristic algorithms is proposed. Presented approaches encompass original ideas as well as selected methods described in literature and their enhancements. The algorithms are based on the following concepts and methods: individual and bulk flow shifting, methods based on Minoux and Yaged heuristics, Simulated Allocation, cost function modification and Hybrid GRASP. A numerical study enables us to draw conclusions on the efficiency of the methods. Copyright © 2005 AEIT.
PAX5/IGH rearrangement is a recurrent finding in a subset of aggressive B‐NHL with complex chromosomal rearrangements
Authors: Poppe Bruce , De Paepe Pascale , Michaux Lucienne , Dastugue Nicole , Bastard Christian , Herens Christian , Moreau Els , Cavazzini Francesco , Yigit Nurten , Van Limbergen Heidi , De Paepe Anne , Praet Marleen , De Wolf‐Peeters Chris , Wlodarska Iwona , Speleman Frank 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe present an extensive characterization of 10 B‐cell lymphomas with a t(9;14)(p13;q32). The presence of the PAX5/IGH gene rearrangement was demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a validated probe set, whereas complex karyotypic changes were reassessed by multiplex‐FISH (M‐FISH). Pathologic and clinical review revealed the presence of this rearrangement in 4 histiocyte‐rich, T‐cell‐rich B‐cell lymphomas (HRTR‐BCLs) and 2 posttransplantation diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (PTLD‐DLBCLs). In contrast to initial observations describing this translocation in lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) and LPL‐derived large B‐cell lymphoma, our data showed a wide morphologic and clinical spectrum associated with the PAX5/IGH rearrangement, pointing to an association between this aberration and a subset of de novo DLBCLs presenting with advanced disease and adverse prognosis. In addition, the recurrent incidence of this rearrangement in both HRTR‐BCL (4 cases) and PTLD‐DLBCL (2 cases) was previously unrecognized and is intriguing. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular characterization of the spectrum of genomic deletions in the mismatch repair genes MSH2, MLH1, MSH6, and PMS2 responsible for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)
Authors: van der Klift Heleen , Wijnen Juul , Wagner Anja , Verkuilen Paul , Tops Carli , Otway Robyn , Kohonen‐Corish Maija , Vasen Hans , Oliani Cristina , Barana Daniela , Moller Pal , DeLozier‐Blanchet Celia , Hutter Pierre , Foulkes William , Lynch Henry , Burn John , Möslein Gabriela , Fodde Riccardo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA systematic search by Southern blot analysis in a cohort of 439 hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) families for genomic rearrangements in the main mismatch repair (MMR) genes, namely, MSH2, MLH1, MSH6, and PMS2, identified 48 genomic rearrangements causative of this inherited predisposition to colorectal cancer in 68 unrelated kindreds. Twenty‐nine of the 48 rearrangements were found in MSH2, 13 in MLH1, 2 in MSH6, and 4 in PMS2. The vast majority were deletions, although one previously described large inversion, an intronic insertion, and a more complex rearrangement also were found. Twenty‐four deletion breakpoints have been identified and sequenced in order to determine the underlying recombination mechanisms. Most fall within repetitive sequences, mainly Alu repeats, in agreement with the differential distribution of deletions between the MSH2 and MLH1 genes: the higher number and density of Alu repeats in MSH2 corresponded with a higher incidence of genomic rearrangement at this disease locus when compared with other MMR genes. Long interspersed nuclear element (LINE) repeats, relatively abundant in, for example, MLH1, did not seem to contribute to the genesis of the deletions, presumably because of their older evolutionary age and divergence among individual repeat units when compared with short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) repeats, including Alu repeats. Moreover, Southern blot analysis of the introns and the genomic regions flanking the MMR genes allowed us to detect 6 novel genomic rearrangements that left the coding region of the disease‐causing gene intact. These rearrangements comprised 4 deletions upstream of the coding region of MSH2 (3 cases) and MSH6 (1 case), a 2‐kb insertion in intron 7 of PMS2, and a small (459‐bp) deletion in intron 13 of MLH1. The characterization of these genomic rearrangements underlines the importance of genomic deletions in the etiology of HNPCC and will facilitate the development of PCR‐based tests for their detection in diagnostic laboratories. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.