bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of hydroxyapatite powder derived from green mussel shell wastes for coating on AISI 316L
Authors: Amin M , Ismail R , Jamari J , Bayuseno A P 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of preheating AISI 316L metal substrate on the adhesion strength of the hydroxyapatite (HA) layer derived from green mussel shell waste deposit by the flame spray method. The deposition experiment was carried out in a spray gun with a distance of 10 mm with preheat of 200°C, 400°C, and 600°C. A sample without preheating was also a comparison. An optical microscope was for assessing the thickness and uniformity of the HA surface layer. The adhesion strength of the coatings followed the ASTM D4541 Standard. As a result, the adhesion strength of the HA coating increases with increasing preheat temperature. However, using Image-J software, at an initial heating temperature of 600 °C, the adhesion strength of the coating changed from adhesion- to adhesion-cohesive strength, leading to an increase in coating strength noted. The result can add knowledge to understanding the flame spray method for the HA-coated from green mussel shell waste on AISI 316L. The results obtained can increase knowledge to understand the method of flame spraying on HA-coated green mussel shell waste on AISI 316L. Preheat temperature, spray gun shooting distance, HA powder release, oxygen gas pressure, and LPG gas pressure can be used as references.
The Dynamics of The Role Oil Palm Smallholders in Implementing ISPO Certification: Looking Back to Moving Forward
Authors: Habibie D K , Darwin M , Suharko  
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The author tries to holistically present the intellectual structure of scientific work with the keywords independent smallholders, certification, oil palm plantations, analyzes the concept keywords and study results to see the direction of the study as well as the empirical results of the study to see the dynamics of independent smallholders in fulfilling ISPO certification. The research flow uses bibliometric analysis techniques. Design/methodology/approach – By conducting a bibliometric analysis of 100 research articles published during 2006 - 2023 with the keywords disbursement of Independent Smallholders Certification of Oil Palm Plantation, taken from Scopus indexed articles, this study provides comprehensive insights from abstraction and keyword analysis. Emerging research streams were further evaluated using VOSviewer software. Findings - This study illustrates the year-over-year trend of overall increase in publications, key words used as research drivers as well as the reality of study content. Furthermore, this study evaluates trends in three cluster areas namely impact, Implementation, Sustainability Certification and the dynamics of the role of independent smallholders.
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of two tofu industries that uses different energy sources for production processes
Authors: Azatri V , Aziz R , Goembira F 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Tofu industry is engaged in processing food made from soybeans, which has a significant contribution to emissions. Padang City has 12 tofu industries, including the ‘A’ tofu industry and ‘B’ tofu industry. The ‘A’ tofu industry and ‘B’ tofu industry produce 990 kg and 2,400 kg of tofu/day, respectively. The difference between them is the application of briquettes and diesel fuel in ‘A’ tofu industry, while ‘B’ tofu industry uses firewood and electricity for boiling and milling processes. Therefore, this study purpose to analyze the environmental impact of 1 kg of tofu using the Life Cycle Assessment method with SimaPro ver.9.0. A gate-to-gate approach was used. The result of the characterization impact on the environment is ‘B’ tofu industry had the highest impact than ‘A’ tofu industry, marine aquatic ecotoxicity 645.69 and 419.91 kg1.4-DBeq, human toxicity 39.81 and 0.33 kg1.4-DBeq, global warming potential 36.96 and 16.68 kgCO2eq, abiotic depletion 15.02 and 13.27 MJ, fresh water aquatic ecotoxicity 2 kg1.4-DBeq and acidification 0.01 and 0.0075 kgSO2eq. A component that contributes to harmed the environment is the boiling process. From the result, several alternatives can be recommended, replacing fuel for the boiling process with briquettes and treating liquid waste with an aerobic-anaerobic-biofilter.
Adaptation strategies of flood prone urban settlement of tegal city
Authors: Esariti L , Handayani W , Purnomo M S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The phenomenon of flooding and inundation of Tegal City is an indicator of climate change as it was caused by changes in tidal patterns and fluctuating flood runoff volumes. This research focuses on the flood events that occurred in Sumurpanggang municipality of Tegal City and how communities in residential areas adapt as a response to maintain livelihood sustainability. Based on the results of field observations and interviews with 24 respondents in flood-affected families, 2 strategies were identified. The first strategy is related to the activity of structural adjustment of the house, which is a physical strategy that is oriented towards solving short-term problems. The second strategy is to collaborate with key stakeholders in flood prevention efforts. This strategy focuses on normalizing and restoring the function of urban drainage systems. The results of the study prove that adaptation activities conducted as an effort to strengthen the resilience of residential area communities in the face of climate change.
Relationship between organic removal and power production in a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell with intermittent mode
Authors: Samudro G , Oktiawan W , Imai T , Mangkoedihardjo S , Novianti K D , Nurfitria P , Handayani E P 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Unoptimised simultaneous performance in microbial fuel cell (MFC) is still a big concern due to a lack of information on the correlation between organic removal and power production. Its correlation becomes more substantial owing to the main factors which affect a concurrent condition. To contribute new insight, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between the main factors for determining the optimal condition of MFC performance. Dual-chamber MFC (DCMFC) was designed by modifying the anode chamber into two compartments, namely double anode chamber DCMFC (DAC-DCMFC), operated within 8 days running with intermittent mode. The differences of organic loading rate (OLR), 0.4; 1.0; 2.5 kg.m−3.d−1 represented low to high organic loadings and electrode material-based reactor types, were used to assign the optimal concomitant performance in DCMFC. A closed circuit voltage (CCV) wiring system plugged onto the data logger within running time was employed to evaluate the synchronous achievement. This study result was medium OLR 1.0 kg.m−3.d−1, and GNPs anode-PTFE cathode attained optimally in the performance. In addition, higher OLR does not indicate higher organic removal correlating linearly with power production. This finding contributes to the limitation of organic loading that biological role capabilities can use.
Study of the Effectiveness of Using Natural Gas as an Effort to Reduce Conventional Emission Load at Gas and Steam Power Plant in Medan City
Authors: Zulkarnain R , Suryati I , Samosir Y B P , Khair H , Suyanto  
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Gas and Steam Power Plant PT. PLN (Persero) Belawan Generation Control Implementation Unit (UPDK) is the main supplier of electricity needs in the Northern Sumatra System. In the early days of Gas and Steam Power Plant PT. PLN UPDK Belawan, the fuel used was diesel oil. However, since 2015, this Gas and Steam Power has started to use natural gas as fuel. This study aims to analyze the differences in conventional emission loads (SO2, NO2, and Total particles) before and after the fuel shift from diesel oil to natural gas. This conventional emission load calculation uses Tier 1 emission factors and WSR (Wilcoxon Signed Ranks) statistical analysis to analyze real differences in the use of these fuels. Based on the calculations, it is concluded that the percentage change in conventional emission load by switching fuel from petroleum to diesel is around 32%–87%. According to the findings of statistical research, there is a considerable variation in the emission load of immobile sources before and after the use of natural gas as the primary fuel.
Policy Capacity Challenges for Renewable Energy Development in West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Fajri H , Yuliarti  , Hanoselina Y , Wahyuni N 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
West Sumatra Province already has an energy development planning document, one of which is renewable energy development. Unfortunately, four years on, the policy’s realization has not followed existing plans. Thus, this study aims to analyze the challenges of policy capacity in developing renewable energy in West Sumatra Province. This research method is qualitative with a case study approach. Furthermore, data was collected from interviews with resource persons from various parties. The results show that low analytical capacity is the main factor affecting the formulation of evidence-based policies. Low operational capacity also hinders the effectiveness of renewable energy policy implementation. Political challenges, such as changing priorities and lack of commitment, also affect renewable energy development. Lack of transparency in policy formulation leads to public resistance to renewable energy development. The study concludes that it is crucial to strengthen policy capacity and engage actors from various sectors to achieve the goal of sustainable renewable energy development and contribute to climate change mitigation globally. This article can serve as a guide for policymakers and industry in achieving ambitious renewable energy goals in the future.
Exploring the feasibility of utilizing dry leaf waste from the UNDIP-Semarang Region for bio-pellet production
Authors: Pusparizkita Y M , Bagaskara A P , Mayaratih W , Junaidi  
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Biomass is often considered an environmentally friendly alternative energy source. The biomass type used in this study is dry leaves waste found in the UNDIP-Tembalang area. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the possibility of dry leaves waste being used as an environmentally friendly alternative source of energy in the form of bio pellets. This study tested the water content of four dry leaves ketapang (Terminalia catappa), teak (Tectona grandis), banana (Musa paradisiaca), and jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus). This is because the raw material used must meet the most important requirement of water content prior to processing into bio-pellet. On average, existing dry leaf waste does not meet the requirements for raw materials, namely 18-21%. Consequently, efforts are being made to further dry naturally with sunlight and oven. Of the three drying time variations, the material that met the bio pellet criteria (<12%) were leaves that were dried for 15 minutes in the 100°C oven and had 9.18 %-10.29% moisture content. In addition, the moisture content of dried ketapang leaves drying under the sun for 24 hours was 11.45%.
An overview of biodiesel, a fuel blend made from palm oil.
Authors: Fardilah VA , Pusparizkita Y M , Tauviqirrahman M , Bayuseno A P 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
With the increasing global demand and rising fossil fuel prices, the oil industry is turning to alternative fuels from renewable sources like biodiesel or vegetable oils. To compensate for the scarcity of fossil fuels, fuel from vegetable oils is one of the alternatives to meet energy needs. Biodiesel is considered a suitable and better choice due to its environmentally friendly features, reduced carbon dioxide emissions, and functional properties similar to fossil fuels. The diesel blend is a renewable fuel derived from a mixture of hydrocarbons (diesel) and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This article focuses on biodiesel produced in Indonesia from palm oil as a feedstock for biofuel production. As one of the world’s largest palm oil producers, the production of biodiesel in Indonesia, especially biodiesel from palm oil, has many advantages and disadvantages in terms of economic, social and economic aspects. environment. Use specifically as a fuel is sometimes problematic because biodiesel is hygroscopic and can corrode steel. The scope of this study is based on a brief overview of the progress and challenges in developing palm oil biodiesel feedstock to pursue in the future.
The characterization of pyrolysis oil from plastic waste using FTIR and GC-MS techniques
Authors: Pranoto  , Mazlan  
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This research aims to investigate the characterization of pyrolysis oil products derived from plastic waste using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) techniques. Plastic waste samples were subjected to pyrolysis, and the resulting pyrolysis oils were analyzed using FTIR to identify the functional groups present in the oil product. Additionally, GC-MS analysis was performed to obtain detailed information about the composition of the pyrolysis oils. The FTIR spectra revealed the presence of various functional groups, indicating the complexity of the pyrolysis oil composition. The functional groups identified in the pyrolysis oil included methyl C-H stretch and C-C stretch. The GC-MS analysis provided insights into the specific compounds present in the pyrolysis oils. The results demonstrate the potential of pyrolysis as a method for converting plastic waste into valuable oil products. The characterization of these products using FTIR and GC-MS techniques provides valuable information for further optimization and utilization of pyrolysis oil derived from plastic waste.
Synthesizing dielectric nanocomposites from recycling rubber waste and agricultural silica: exploring leakage current characteristics for advanced applications
Authors: Syakur Abdul , Facta Mochammad , Arfan Muhammad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Rubber waste, primarily from discarded tires, is emerging as a significant environmental challenge. As the world produces 1.5 billion tires annually, this creates a vast amount of non-degradable waste. This often results in these tires accumulating in landfills or being burned, both of which pose severe environmental threats. Recognizing this issue, researchers have turned their focus to innovative recycling techniques. One such method involves transforming rubber waste into valuable composites. They are doing this by combining rubber with agricultural silica wastes, such as rice husk ash. This amalgamation results in the creation of environmentally-friendly dielectric materials suitable for electronic and electrical applications. Epoxy resin forms the base of this composite matrix. When supplemented with waste-derived nanofillers, the resin exhibits improved heat conductivity and mechanical resilience. These enhanced nanocomposite insulators have proven superior to their pure epoxy counterparts. The study also delved into insulator designs, evaluating various fin types to optimize high-voltage insulation. For dry environments, Isolator C with its unique fractal fins stood out, while for wet conditions, Isolator B’s serrated fins were ideal. This groundbreaking work showcases that rubber waste, when combined with agricultural by- products, can lead to sustainable advancements in the electronics sector.
Water saving potential at small enterprise: case study Mandhegani eco-print Surabaya
Authors: Andajani E , Simangunsong T L , Kusumawardhany P A 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMandhegani eco-print is one of the small enterprises at Kalidami, Surabaya. Eco-printing is a textile design method that involves imprinting plant parts onto fabric using natural dyes. Eco-print process consumes water from preparing plant materials to finishing fabrics but there is no research conducted on the usage of water in the eco-print process and the water-saving potential. The objectives of the research were to estimate the water usage at the eco-print process and the characteristics of eco-print wastewater. The sampling of wastewater and interviews with the handicrafters were conducted to quantify the water usage at every step of the eco-print process. The results of the study showed that with the mirroring method, the total water usage was 11 liters for 6 meters of fabric. The characteristic of wastewater at the scouring phase was BOD 180 ppm, COD 747.78 ppm, and TSS 1900 ppm. The first mordanting stage: BOD 620 ppm, COD 1382.76 ppm, and TSS 61980 ppm. At the second mordanting was BOD 80 ppm, COD 192.18 ppm, TSS 9300 ppm, and total Fe 0.97 ppm. The water-saving potential could be up to 30% if the enterprise managed the water usage at the mordanting and mordan-in step of the process.
Mapping of Landslide Potential Zone with FRM Method and Mitigation in Ayah, Kebumen Regency
Authors: Rahman A , Ramadan A , Hudzaifah  , Widiarso D A , Musyarofah R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Landslides phenomena occur yearly in Ayah sub-district and various factors persist in the future cause these landslides. The Frequency Ratio Method is one approach to mapping landslide potential. It involves direct data collection of potential landslide points in the field. This method uses parameters such as Lithology, slope, NDVI, Monthly Precipitation, and Land Use to calculate landslide potential. These parameters are overlaid with the frequency of potential landslide points in Ayah sub- district. The resulting frequency ratio value is classified into five potential landslide zones. The findings reveal that high values covering 10.97% and very high values covering 41.75% are distributed across almost all the settlements in Ayah Sub-district, except for the northern area. The high frequency value shows the dominance of steep slope, presence of weathered breccia and limestone lithology as well as agricultural land with fibrous roots and it is also related to the complex changes in land use, such as mining and clearing activities. This highlights the importance of taking preventive and escalation measures among the relevant stakeholders to minimize the impact of this landslide.
Effect of withdrawal speed variations on coating quality of electrophoretically deposited biogenic hydroxyapatite on AISI 316L
Authors: Taqriban R B , Jamari J , Ismail R , Bayuseno A P 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The use of biogenic waste for multipurpose materials has started to be encouraged in the current decade to support the world’s environmental sustainability campaign. Biogenic calcium phosphate-derived materials are potential biomaterials because of their similar properties to human bone. This paper used hydroxyapatite (HAp) powder derived from green mussel shells (Perna viridis) to coat the AISI 316L metallic implant material using the electrophoretic deposition coating method. In this study, the post-deposition withdrawal speeds of 5mm/s, 3mm/s, and 1mm/s were varied to find their effect on the quality of the HAp coating layer. Crystallography, micrography, and image processing were used to characterize the coating and calculate the percentage of HAp layer and cracks. The crystallographic data shows the HAp peaks, which conclude that the green mussel shells HAp successfully coat the substrate and can be used to coat the AISI 316L implant material. However, the appearance of the substrate crystal peaks and color difference on high withdrawal speed specimens conclude that the coating layer has cracks. In conclusion, the emergence of cracks can be minimized using 1mm/s post-deposition withdrawal speed and eventually produce high-quality HAp coating.
Study of the dispersion of particulate emissions from industrial areas and its impact on surrounding residential areas
Authors: Huboyo H S , Khasanah N , Samadikun B P , Astuti W 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Industrial growth and the use of fossil fuels in vehicles have increased the amount of pollution in recent decades and endangered human health. This study aims to estimate the distribution of point source emissions emitted by industrial areas and estimate the impact on surrounding residential areas. The mathematical calculation approach for emission dispersion used is the Gaussian method with the AERMOD model. The data used in AERMOD modeling include particulate concentration data and meteorological data in the form of wind direction, wind speed, and topography. In this study, seasonal variations were used to see differences in emission distribution in the dry and rainy seasons. The results showed that the particulate concentration with AERMOD modeling for 24 hours in January - March had a peak concentration of 0.756 μg/m3, in April - June had a peak concentration of 0.679 μg/m3, in July -September had a peak concentration of 0.349 μg/m3 and in October - December had a peak concentration of 0.641 μg/m3. In the research, it was found that the distribution of industrial emissions reached residential areas and had an impact on the health of residents as far as 2 km from the emission source. Studies are needed on the projection of industrial development and its impact on the surrounding population.
High-speed physical layer secure communication scheme based on synchronous chaotic and electro-optic self-feedback dual-phase encryption
Authors: Gu Wenfu , Gao Xulin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a novel secure communication scheme based on temporal spreading and dual-phase perturbation is proposed to improve security at the physical layer. For one thing, the traditional electro-optical feedback phase encryption system is significantly sophisticated by the introduction of additional synchronized chaotic phase encryption. Besides, more keys in this system are available, with the attendance of dispersion and optical chaos, the key space is notably enhanced to ∼236, resisting the eavesdropping attacks. After passing through a series of encryption devices, the information is ultimately displayed as a noise-like signal. A 32 Gb s−1 on-off keying signal is successfully transmitted over a 100 km standard single-mode fiber. Simulation results show that by selecting the appropriate system parameters, a bit error rate as low as 10−10 can be obtained for legitimate terminals, and the effect of different hardware parameter mismatches on the decryption performance is also investigated which indicates a certain tolerance range for the mismatch of each parameter. This paper provides a new idea to combine an electro-optical feedback system with optical chaos to establish optical secrecy communication.
Generating artificial displacement data of cracked specimen using physics-guided adversarial networks
Authors: Melching David , Schultheis Erik , Breitbarth Eric 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Digital image correlation (DIC) has become a valuable tool to monitor and evaluate mechanical experiments of cracked specimen, but the automatic detection of cracks is often difficult due to inherent noise and artefacts. Machine learning models have been extremely successful in detecting crack paths and crack tips using DIC-measured, interpolated full-field displacements as input to a convolution-based segmentation model. Still, big data is needed to train such models. However, scientific data is often scarce as experiments are expensive and time-consuming. In this work, we present a method to directly generate large amounts of artificial displacement data of cracked specimen resembling real interpolated DIC displacements. The approach is based on generative adversarial networks (GANs). During training, the discriminator receives physical domain knowledge in the form of the derived von Mises equivalent strain. We show that this physics-guided approach leads to improved results in terms of visual quality of samples, sliced Wasserstein distance, and geometry score when compared to a classical unguided GAN approach.