bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blended multiphase multidimensional interventions peer near versus preceptor childbirth pleasantness tour on midwifery students' anxiety, professional attitude, and satisfaction: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Farajkhoda Tahmineh , Moshirenia Fateme , sheikhalishahi Alieh , keshmiri Fatemeh , Sareban Mohammad Taghi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: Early exposure to clinical settings for midwifery students could have a positive impact on anxiety levels, professional attitudes, and future job satisfaction. Failing to address these issues may increase the risk of clinical errors resulting in maternal or neonatal morbidity or mortality. The effectiveness of interventions that combine cognitive, affective, and psychomotor components in a blended virtual and face-to-face format is currently limited. To compare the effectiveness of blended multiphase, multidimensional peer-near versus preceptor models on midwifery students' anxiety, professional attitudes, and satisfaction.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2022 with 22 midwifery students from semester 1. They were randomly allocated either to the intervention group by peer students (n=11) or by professors (n=11). A three-phase blended virtual and face-to-face "childbirth pleasantness tour" intervention was conducted. Interventions comprised of two 2-hour virtual sessions covering midwifery regulations and ethics, psychoeducation, and narrative telling of previous experiences; two face-to-face practical simulation sessions at week 4; and presence in the delivery unit at the beginning of semester 2 for real clinical exposure, taking place at week 8. The primary outcomes of anxiety and professional attitude were evaluated using the Spielberger Anxiety Questionnaire and Agili's professional attitude questionnaire, respectively, at baseline, completion of the intervention in week 4, and follow-up in week 8. The secondary outcome of satisfaction was assessed using the Kirkpatrick Assessment in weeks 4 and 8.
Results: Anxiety decreased significantly at week 8 compared to the baseline in both peer-near (61.91 ± 3.59 vs. 53.27 ± 10.63, p = 0.007) and preceptor (65.09 ± 4.7 vs. 52.9 ± 8.1, p < 0.001) groups, respectively, without any significant difference between the two groups at either week 8 (p = 0.929) or the baseline (p = 0.90). A professional attitude significantly increased by Week 8 when compared to baseline in both peer-near (97.73 ± 8.94 vs. 88.09 ± 12.66, p = 0.029) and preceptor (65.09 ± 4.7 vs. 52.9 ± 8.1, p = 0.021) with significant differences in groups by Week 4. There was no significant difference in satisfaction observed for the time-group interaction (P=0.428).
Conclusions: Both interventions demonstrated similar effectiveness in reducing anxiety and improving professional attitudes when teaching knowledge and skills to students, whether conducted by peer or perceptor. This was due to their feasibility and attractiveness. These findings could be utilized in midwifery curricula to aid in the training of competent midwives capable of saving and serving the lives of mothers and babies.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease and Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A Two-Sample Mendelian randomization combined with Meta-analysis
Authors: Leng Xuan , Liao Wan-Zhe , Zheng Ping-Fen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Accumulating evidence from observational studies have suggested an association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, due to that such studies are prone to biases, we imported Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore whether the causal association between two diseases exsit. Hence, we aimed to analysis the potential association with Mendelian randomization (MR). The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GERD were retrieved from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset as the exposure. The SNPs of NAFLD were taken from the FinnGen dataset as the outcome. The relationship was analyzed with the assistance of inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median. We also uitilized the MR-Egger intercept, Cochran's Q test, leave-one-out analysis, MR-PRESSO, and Steiger directionality test to evaluate the robustness of the causal association. The meta-analysis were also implemented to give an overall evaluation. Finally, our analysis showed a causal relationship between GERD and NAFLD with aid of MR and meta-analysis (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.40–2.09; P < 0.0001).
Optimal Allocation of Water Resources Considering Virtual Water Trade: A Case Study of the Yellow River
Authors: Wang Hao , Ma Tao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Water can be redistributed physically and virtually. We explored water allocation optimization to mitigate water stresses by constructing a physical-virtual dual water system and optimizing the 1987 Yellow River water allocation scheme. We calculated the virtual water volume, identified the virtual in-basin, out-of-basin, and export water volumes, and compared the total regional water demand (i.e., combined physical and virtual water volumes) with regional water planetary boundaries to optimize basin water allocation schemes. Virtual water accounted for > 90% of the total regional demands, whereas physical flows did not significantly impact them. Moreover, allocation quotas for Qinghai and Inner Mongolia should be reduced by 0.113 and 1.005 billion m3, respectively, for sustainability. Furthermore, improving the efficiency of water-intensive sectors and limiting virtual water outflows from heavy industry to out-of-basin sectors are vital to water intensification. Increased attention should be directed toward physical-virtual water demands than the current focus on supply-oriented water allocation.
Analysis of viral pneumonia and risk factors associated with severity of influenza virus infection in hospitalized patients from 2012 to 2016
Authors: Barceló Maria Isabel Fullana , Serra Francisca Artigues , Pons Aina Rosa Millan , Rodriguez Javier Asensio , Beltran Adrian Ferre , Bilbao Maria del Carmen López , Prieto Jordi Reina , Jaume Melchor Riera 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Influenza viruses cause pneumonia in approximately one-third of cases, and pneumonia is an important cause of death.
Methods
This retrospective, observational study included all adult patients with confirmed influenza virus infection admitted to Son Espases University Hospital during four influenza seasons in Spain (October to May) from to 2012–2016. The aim was to identify risk factors associated with severity and those that could predict the development of pneumonia.
Results
Overall, 666 patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza were included, 93 (14%) of which were severe; 73 (10.9%) were admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU), 39 (5.8%) died, and 185 (27.7%) developed pneumonia. Compared to less severe cases, patients with severe disease: were less vaccinated (40% vs. 28%, p = 0.021); presented with more confusion (26.9% vs. 6.8%), were more hypoxemic (Horowitz index (PaO2/FiO2) 261 vs. 280), had higher C-reactive protein (CRP) (12.3 vs. 4.0), had more coinfections (26.8% vs. 6.3%) and had more pleural effusion (14% vs. 2.6%) (last six all p < 0.001). Risk factors significantly associated with severity were pneumonia [OR (95% CI) = 4.14 (2.4–7.16)], chronic heart disease (1.84, 1.03–3.28), and confusion at admission (4.99, 2.55–9.74). Influenza vaccination was protective (0.53, 0.28–0.98). Compared to those without pneumonia, the pneumonia group had higher CRP (11.3 vs. 4.0, p < 0.001), lower oxygen saturation (92% vs. 94%, p < 0.001), were more hypoxic (PaO2/FiO2 266 vs. 281, p < 0.001), and incurred more mechanical ventilation, septic shock, admission to the ICU, and deaths (all four p < 0.001). Higher CRP and lower oxygen saturation were independent variables for predicting the development of pneumonia.
Conclusions
Pneumonia, chronic heart disease, confusion and no influenza vaccination were independent variables to present complications in patients admitted with influenza infection.
Intra-specific variability in cytomictic and meiotic aspects ofunderutilizedVitex negundo L. from North-West Himalaya: putative causes and consequences
Authors: Jamwal Ritika , Sharma Geeta 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Vitex negundo Linn., a widely distributed medicinal species of North-western Himalaya, has been studied for detailed cytological aspects. Present studies on eight populations reveals this species having 34 chromosomes, which largely show regular behaviour. Besides, studied populations of this species are unusual in exhibiting cytomixis largely between paired meiocytes at prophase and rarely between 3-4 meiocytes at anaphase. Comparison of frequency of cytomictic cells prepared using fixed and fresh anthers reveals scarce influence of anther fixation on percentage of cells showing cytoplasmic connections and chromatin transfer. Analysis of cytomictic index of plants inhabiting varying altitudes indicate overall less cytomictic index in populations from lower altitudes. Further analysis of dividing meiocytes for chromosomal number and behaviour reveals that out of eight populations, five (Govind-sar, Palli-morh, Kharoot-morh, Billawar and Rajouri) populations contains all and three contain maximum diploid cells, where as minority of cells of latter three populations exhibit near haploidy and polyploidy. Similarly translocations, manifested by occurrence of multivalent have been noted in 16-33% euploid PMCs of 4 populations (Palm, Bilr, Khrm, and Kol). Comparison of frequency of cells showing chromatin migration and meiotic anomalies reveal existence of inverse relations in these parameters. Existence of cytomictic and meiotically aberrant cells also account for the production of few deviant sized pollen grains along with normal ones. All these anomalies along with their possible cause and consequences are presented in communication.
Characterization and immunomodulatory potential of extracellular vesicles from non-pathogenic yeast strains
Authors: Nenciarini Stefano , Amoriello Roberta , Bacci Giovanni , Cerasuolo Benedetta , Paola Monica Di , Nardini Patrizia , Papini Alessio , Ballerini Clara , Cavalieri Duccio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bilayered particles, containing various biomolecules, including nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, released by cells from all the domains of life and performing multiple communication functions. Evidence suggests that the interaction between host immune cells and fungal EVs induces modulation of the immune system. Most of the studies on fungal EVs have been conducted in the context of fungal infections; therefore, there is still a knowledge gap regarding EVs produced by non-pathogenic yeasts. In this work, we characterized EVs obtained by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia fermentans strains isolated from a fermented milk product with probiotic properties. The immunomodulation abilities of EVs produced by these strains have been studied in vitro through immune assays after internalization from human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Results showed a significant reduction in antigen presentation activity of dendritic cells treated with the fermented milk EVs. The small RNA fraction of EVs contained mainly yeast mRNA sequences, with a few molecular functions enriched in strains of two different species isolated from the fermented milk. Our results suggest that one of the mechanisms behind the anti-inflammatory properties of probiotic foods could be mediated by the interactions of human immune cells with yeast EVs.
The amoeboid migration of monocytes in confining channels requires the local remodeling of the cortical actin cytoskeleton by cofilin-1
Authors: Ullo Maria , D'Amico Anna , Lavenus Sandrine , Logue Jeremy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Within the bloodstream, monocytes must traverse the microvasculature to prevent leukostasis, which is the entrapment of monocytes within the confines of the microvasculature. Using the model cell line, THP-1, and VCAM-1 coated channels to simulate the microvasculature, we demonstrate that monocytes predominantly adopt an amoeboid phenotype, which is characterized by the formation of blebs. As opposed to cortical actin flow in leader blebs, cell movement is correlated with myosin contraction at the cell rear. Previously, we documented that cofilin-1 promotes cortical actin turnover at leader bleb necks in melanoma cells. In monocytes, our data suggest that cofilin-1 promotes the local upregulation of myosin contractility through actin cytoskeleton remodeling. In support of this concept, cofilin-1 is found to localize to a single cell edge. Moreover, the widespread upregulation of myosin contractility was found to inhibit migration. Thus, monocytes within the microvasculature may avoid entrapment by adopting an amoeboid mode of migration.
The prolactinergic system in the brain of mice: sexual differences and changes during motherhood
Authors: Abellán-Álvaro María , Martínez-García Fernando , Esni Farzad , Agustín-Pavón Carmen , Lanuza Enrique 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background Prolactin (PRL) is an adenohypophyseal hormone with a key role in maternal and sexual behaviour, among multiple functions. Here, we sought to provide a comprehensive description of the PRLergic system in the brain of mice, describing sex differences and plasticity of this system across reproductive stages in females.
Methods We describe the neural prolactinergic system using a PRL antibody validated in Prl-KO mouse tissue. This description was carried out in females in different physiological stages (virgins, virgins with experience with pups and lactating) and males.
Results We show PRL-immunoreactive (PRL-ir) somata in several hypothalamic nuclei, including the paraventricular and supraoptic, where we observe variable degrees of co-localization with arginine-vasopressin and oxytocin. PRL-ir fibres span the hypothalamus, amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, septum, thalamic, midbrain, and pontine regions. Although the qualitative distribution of PRL-ir remains consistent across both sexes and different physiological states in females, differences arise in the density of PRL-ir cells. Regarding sex differences, PRL-ir neurons are more abundant in the medial preoptic area and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus of females, and in the supraoptic nucleus of males. In addition, we found an increased number of PRL-ir somata in the medial preoptic area, supraoptic and suprachiasmatic nuclei of lactating females as compared to virgins. Interestingly, treatment with bromocriptine, which blocks the release of adenohypophyseal PRL, does not affect PRL-ir in the brain, and there is no significant correlation between brain and serum PRL levels in lactating females.
Conclusion Taken together, our data support that brain PRLergic system is shaped by the sex and the reproductive status of the animals and, at least in part, is independent of hypophyseal PRL transported into the brain.
The effect of ASLS instruction on the knowledge and skills of medical students
Authors: Ala Alireza , Vahdati Samad Shams , Tahmasebi Parya , Gilani Neda , Abbasi Amin , Aletaha Reza 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background:
Stroke is a prominent cause of mortality and imposes a significant burden on the healthcare system. Despite recent advances in stroke management and treatment, such as reducing prehospital delay and using thrombolytic therapies, an increase in stroke patients is anticipated. Proper education for managing stroke patients in prehospital emergency care can improve patient outcomes and decrease disability. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Advanced Stroke Life Support (ASLS) training on enhancing the prehospital performance of medical caregivers.
Methods:
Medical interns at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences participated in an ASLS training course consisting of lectures and group sessions. Participants’ performance in stroke knowledge and management was assessed using a test exam before and after the ASLS course, and their scores were compared.
Results:
The results showed that participants scored 61.30% and 84.13% before and after the ASLS course, respectively, indicating a significant improvement (p = 0.001). However, their improvement was not the same in different stroke education fields, such as epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and management.
Conclusions:
Our study demonstrated that the ASLS course can be used as an effective way to improve skills and knowledge in managing stroke patients.
Comparison of risk scores for predicting adverse outcomes in acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Li Chenyang , Linghu Enqiang , Chen Chao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (ALGIB) is a common emergency in gastroenterology. Currently, there is insufficient information to predict adverse outcomes in patients with acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Our study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the clinical risk scores currently utilized and their ability to predict significant outcomes in lower gastrointestinal bleeding.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients who were admitted with ALGIB and underwent colonoscopy or angiography at a single center between January 2018 and December 2022. Adverse outcomes associated with ALGIB included rebleeding, blood transfusion, hemostatic interventions, and in-hospital death. We calculated six risk scores at admission (Oakland, Birmingham, SHA2PE, Ramaekers, SALGIB, and CNUH-5). We measured the accuracy of these scores using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and compared them with DeLong's test.
Results
A total of 123 patients with confirmed LGIB out of 264 (aged 65 years, 55-75) were included. The most common diagnoses were colorectal cancer (25%) and hemorrhoids (14%). All scores demonstrated sufficient and comparable effectiveness for hemostatic intervention but no discrimination for rebleeding. The Oakland and SALGIB scores were superior to the other scores in predicting blood transfusion (AUC: 0.97 and 0.95, respectively; p=0.208) and any adverse outcomes (AUC: 0.78 and 0.78, respectively; p=0.854).
Conclusions
The Oakland and SALGIB scores outperform the other scores in predicting the requirement for blood transfusion in ALGIB patients, but no single prediction tool had the best ability across all outcomes. Novel risk stratification scores with higher performance are needed for better risk stratification in ALGIB.
Standardization production of Qi Knives: A comprehensive analysis of the minting remains of knife money unearthed in ancient Linzi in the late Warring states period
Authors: Ma Renjie , Dong Wenbin , Cui Jianfeng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Our studies focus on the production background of early standardized coinage in Qi state before Qin empire’s unification of currency. These mold samples have considerable clay content, possibly to limit thermal expansion and enhance casting strength. Slag types include plate slag and ceramic slag attached on blowpipes. The matrix composition of plate slag is characterized by a high content of iron and calcium, with significant quantities of matte (CuPbFeS) and bronze droplets. The matrix composition of ceramic slag exhibits low content of iron and calcium with some copper droplets. It may be inferred that a smelting process is utilized to extract matte from sulfur-containing copper-lead ores, with the addition of tin occurring nearly concurrently. It is also possible to introduce a distinct step that smelting and alloying are totally separated. The lead isotope ratios of slag and mold samples overlap with each other and concentrate in the range with high 207Pb/206Pb ratios. The change of lead resources in Qi knives was basically synchronized with the change of its alloy composition. We can’t exclude that the lead resources of high 207Pb/206Pb ratios used in Qi state came from local areas, and some uranogenic-rich lead resources might be brought in after Yan state’ s conquest. The above research demonstrates that the production of Qi knives exhibited a significant degree of standardization. The implementation of unified coinage system during the Tian Qi period can be seen as a strategic approach to monopolize the minting rights and foster the growth of the commodities economy.
One Health, Ecological Bioethics, and the Ethics of Zoonoses: A call for Global Action
Authors: Rodriguez Jeyver 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Zoonoethics refers to the ethical issues surrounding zoonotic diseases, which are diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans (WHO, 2023). With the rise of emerging infectious diseases globally, these issues have become increasingly important. There are over 200 known types of zoonoses, and many of them are influenced by socioeconomic factors like climate change, biodiversity loss, and antimicrobial resistance. Zoonoses and diseases of infectious origin account for 70% of new and existing diseases affecting both humans and animals. Examples of zoonoses include but are not limited to anthrax, brucellosis, influenza, hantavirus syndromes, plagues, rabies, SARS-CoV, swine flu, MERS-CoV, Ebola, and SARS-CoV-2. While diseases like rabies can be prevented with vaccinations, others like Ebola and SARS-CoV-2 are extremely deadly. The management of these diseases will require the adoption and acceleration of the “One Health” approach, which recognizes the interconnectedness and interdependence between human, animal, and environmental health.
The Essential Role of Astrocytes in Neurodegeneration and
Neuroprotection
Authors: López Couselo Federico , Saba Julieta , Carniglia Lila , Durand Daniela , Lasaga Mercedes , Caruso Carla 
Published: November 2023

abstract:
Astrocytes are glial cells that perform several fundamental physiological functions within
the brain. They can control neuronal activity and levels of ions and neurotransmitters, and release
several factors that modulate the brain environment. Over the past few decades, our knowledge of
astrocytes and their functions has rapidly evolved. Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by
selective degeneration of neurons, increased glial activation, and glial dysfunction. Given the significant
role played by astrocytes, there is growing interest in their potential therapeutic role. However,
defining their contribution to neurodegeneration is more complex than was previously thought. This
review summarizes the main functions of astrocytes and their involvement in neurodegenerative
diseases, highlighting their neurotoxic and neuroprotective ability.