bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling of Landslide-Structure Interaction (LSI) Through Material Point Method (MPM)
Authors: Di Perna Angela , Cuomo Sabatino , Martinelli Mario 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA novel numerical approach, namely Material Point Method (MPM), is applied to analyze the build-up of pore water pressure inside the landslide body during the impact against different types of structures. To this aim, the landslide soil is schematized as a two-phase elasto-plastic material, while the structural materials are assumed as one-phase elasto-plastic bodies. The complex Landslide-Structure Interaction (LSI) is simulated for different landslide scenarios, including the formation of “dead-zones” behind the structures and/or the run-up mechanisms, even including in some cases unacceptable displacements or the complete disruption of the impacted structure. Independent on site-specific conditions, it is shown that landslide pore water pressures undergo significant tempo-spatial evolution during a dynamic impact, meaning that a hydro-mechanical coupled approach is fully needed for an adequate LSI analysis.
Landslide Research and Technology in International Standards
Authors: Mikoš Matjaž 
Published: December 2023

AbstractScience, Technology, and Innovation play a pivotal role in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (SF DRR). The International Consortium on Landslides (ICL) initiated the Sendai Landslide Partnerships 2015–2025 as a voluntary commitment to SF DRR. In 2020, the ICL launched the Kyoto 2020 Commitment for Global Promotion of Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk (KLC2020) as a follow-up of the Sendai Landslide Partnerships 2015–2025.Landslide-related scientific articles discussing methodologies were extracted from the Web of Science and SCOPUS, using different search terms in the article titles, abstracts, and keywords. SCOPUS yielded a somewhat higher number of extracted articles, especially when using article abstracts. The extracted articles were mainly related to assessment, hazard, and risk, and less to vulnerability or damage.A list of 22 international standards containing landslide-related terms (landslide, debris flow, rock fall) was prepared using the Online Browsing Platform by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). This is a rather small fraction of over 22,000 ISO standards published so far. Next, two ISO standards are discussed in a more detailed way. Additionally, a set of Austrian standards in the field of torrent control are mentioned.The International Consortium on Landslides with its global membership may contribute more to the field of standardization for landslide disaster risk reduction.
Landslide Early Warning System Based on the Empirical Approach: Case Study in Ha Long City (Vietnam)
Authors: Ha Nguyen Duc , Duong Nguyen Huy , Khanh Nguyen Quoc , Viet Tran The , Van Vung Do , Van Nguyen Thi Hai , Ninh Nguyen Hoang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLandslides refer to a common type of natural disaster in the mountainous areas in Vietnam, potentially causing detrimental impacts on humans, property, and the environment. In light of the emerging damage pertaining to this type of natural disaster in recent years, the construction of an effective landslide early warning system appears to be more critically urgent than ever.This study proposes a landslide early warning system based on a landslide susceptibility map and a rainfall threshold for Ha Long City (capital of Quang Ninh Province). Due to the difference in the collected data, the Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) method was used to create a landslide susceptibility map at a scale of 1:50,000 for Quang Ninh Province, while the empirical method was used to establish the landslide rainfall threshold for Ha Long City, using data from 2005 to 2016 on rainfall and landslides.The results, which were verified with the inventory map (for the landslide susceptibility map) and with the landslide and rainfall data in the 2017–2021 period (for the rainfall threshold), showed the reliability of predicting the spatial and temporal occurrences of landslides.Following that, the landslide susceptibility map and rainfall threshold can be added to a WebGIS-based landslide early warning system along with information from automatic weather stations and rainfall forecasts. This will help authorities and local people in the study area get landslide warnings effectively.
Protein-centric omics integration analysis identifies candidate plasma proteins for multiple autoimmune diseases
Authors: Chen Yingxuan , Liu Shuai , Gong Weiming , Guo Ping , Xue Fuzhong , Zhou Xiang , Wang Shukang , Yuan Zhongshang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIt remains challenging to translate the findings from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of autoimmune diseases (AIDs) into interventional targets, presumably due to the lack of knowledge on how the GWAS risk variants contribute to AIDs. In addition, current immunomodulatory drugs for AIDs are broad in action rather than disease-specific. We performed a comprehensive protein-centric omics integration analysis to identify AIDs-associated plasma proteins through integrating protein quantitative trait loci datasets of plasma protein (1348 proteins and 7213 individuals) and totally ten large-scale GWAS summary statistics of AIDs under a cutting-edge systematic analytic framework. Specifically, we initially screened out the protein-AID associations using proteome-wide association study (PWAS), followed by enrichment analysis to reveal the underlying biological processes and pathways. Then, we performed both Mendelian randomization (MR) and colocalization analyses to further identify protein-AID pairs with putatively causal relationships. We finally prioritized the potential drug targets for AIDs. A total of 174 protein-AID associations were identified by PWAS. AIDs-associated plasma proteins were significantly enriched in immune-related biological process and pathways, such as inflammatory response (P = 3.96 × 10–10). MR analysis further identified 97 protein-AID pairs with potential causal relationships, among which 21 pairs were highly supported by colocalization analysis (PP.H4 > 0.75), 10 of 21 were the newly discovered pairs and not reported in previous GWAS analyses. Further explorations showed that four proteins (TLR3, FCGR2A, IL23R, TCN1) have corresponding drugs, and 17 proteins have druggability. These findings will help us to further understand the biological mechanism of AIDs and highlight the potential of these proteins to develop as therapeutic targets for AIDs.
PolyDSS: computer-aided decision support system for multiclass polyp segmentation and classification using deep learning
Authors: Saad Abdelrahman I. , Maghraby Fahima A. , Badawy Osama M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant condition that affects the colon or rectum, and it is distinguished by abnormal cell growth in these areas. Colon polyps, which are abnormalities, can turn into cancer. To stop the spread of cancer, early polyp detection is essential. The timely removal of polyps without submitting a sample for histology is made possible by computer-assisted polyp classification. In addition to Locally Shared Features (LSF) and ensemble learning majority voting, this paper introduces a computer-aided decision support system named PolyDSS to assist endoscopists in segmenting and classifying various polyp classes using deep learning models like ResUNet and ResUNet++ and transfer learning models like EfficientNet. The PICCOLO dataset is used to train and test the PolyDSS model. To address the issue of class imbalance, data augmentation techniques were used on the dataset. To investigate the impact of each technique on the model, extensive experiments were conducted. While the classification module achieved the highest accuracy of 0.9425 by utilizing the strength of ensemble learning using majority voting, the proposed segmenting module achieved the highest Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 0.9244 using ResUNet++ and LSF. In conjunction with the Paris classification system, the PolyDSS model, with its significant results, can assist clinicians in identifying polyps early and choosing the best approach to treatment.
Teacher teams: A safe place to work on creating and maintaining a positive school climate
Authors: Hammar Chiriac Eva , Forsberg Camilla , Thornberg Robert 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCreating and sustaining a positive school climate is not done in isolation but requires continuous ongoing work by several people within the school, and one of the most important actors are the teachers. In order to fulfil this very important task, the teachers need to collaborate with colleagues at school in an organized manner. In this study, we aim to explore and analyse teachers’ perspectives on how their teacher team might be linked to their school climate work, and what team characteristics facilitate their work to create and maintain a positive and supportive climate within their school. To understand teachers’ comprehension of their team, we applied a social psychology framework, using social interdependence theory and the concept of psychological safety. Data were collected by means of 14 semi-structured focus group interviews with 73 teachers from two compulsory schools in southeast Sweden. The findings revealed that teachers perceived the team as the most significant support structure when it comes to school climate work. According to them, the team was associated with shared responsibility, support and help, as well as safety and an open climate. By elucidating teachers’ insider perspectives regarding their working conditions aligned to their work with school climate, we conclude that well-functioning teacher teams are experienced as a safe place to work on creating and maintaining a positive school climate.
Mechanical Integrity and In vitro Degradation Behavior of Mg–Zn–Ca Biodegradable Alloy Prepared by Different Casting Technologies
Authors: Moussa M. E. , Salem Mahmoud M. M. , Hamid Maamoun Abdel , Gomaa Mona H. , Abd-Elwahed Ahmed , Ghayad Ibrahim M , Mohamed Adel A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMg–Zn–Ca alloys have been widely used as biodegradable orthopedic and cardiovascular scaffolds because of their non-cytotoxicity, remarkable biodegradability, good biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties similar to human bone. However, degradation causes poor corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. In this study, Mg-6%Zn-0.6%Ca alloys were produced using three distinct methodologies: casting, casting via the ultrasonic vibration process (USV), and casting via the mechanical vibration process (MV). Surface characterization, mechanical characteristics and corrosion resistance of the as-cast (untreated) and treated species were studied. The morphology and microstructure showed that the grain size of the as-cast, MV and USV specimens all had average grain sizes of about 191, 93 and 82 µm, respectively. The ultrasonic vibration treated specimen has the greatest degree of grain refinement. Mechanical tests showed that microstructure refinement promotes the mechanical characteristics of Mg alloy, such as compression, ultimate tensile strength as well as elongation. It was observed that the USV-treated sample has exceptional mechanical properties (Compressive strength 360.64 MPa, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) 178.41 MPa and Elongation 3.45%). Corrosion tests revealed that the USV-treated specimen exhibited uniform corrosion and low corrosion rate due to uniform compact fine grains with higher oxide concentration of about 42.82 wt%. The results of electrochemical analyses revealed that the average corrosion rate obtained from Potentiodynamic polarization curves of the as-cast, MV and USV specimens was about 5.3144, 4.5311 and 4.1087 mm/year, respectively and the passive film resistance (Rf) that was obtained from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) model of the USV, MV-treated samples and as-cast sample was 457 Ω, 430 Ω and 204 Ω, respectively. The results of immersion tests revealed that the USV-treated sample lost less weight and exhibits a relatively low degradation rate than the as-cast and MV-treated samples. After two weeks the weight of the as-cast, MV and USV samples decreased by about 18.6%, 18.5%, 16.8%., and the degradation rates were 7.304, 7.097 and 6.78 mm/y, respectively, and then gradually declining over the course of the immersion period.
Power flow control in a modular converter with energy storage
Authors: Haugen Krister Leonart , Papastergiou Konstantinos , Peftitsis Dimosthenis 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUsing modularized power converters with scalable energy storage in particle accelerators can be further enhanced with controls that can be adapted to optimise different design targets, such as to minimise the front‐end stage peak current, the depth of discharge of electrolytic capacitors or the thermal cycling of semiconductors. This paper proposes a control system that is able to individually adjust the power flow of the converter modules under pre‐defined load profiles, and hence separates the use of energy storage and grid connection even under rapid cycling. The paper briefly summarises the characteristics of the modular converter and proposes four energy control strategies that have been validated by simulation as well as experimentally on a 800 kW full scale prototype. It is shown that by applying each strategy, the corresponding design objectives can be achieved, for example, optimal utilisation of the energy storage systems or minimised current stress in the semiconductors.
Expanding expedited partner therapy and HIV prophylaxis in the emergency department
Authors: Mercer Kevin J , Brizzi Marisa B , Burhoe Devon N , Senn Joshua M , Rohani Roxane , Nowicki Diana Nicole , Januszka Jenna E , Wordlaw Rudijah , Durham Spencer H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to have a disproportionate impact on individuals belonging to sexual, gender, and racial minorities. Across the nation, many emergency medicine pharmacists (EMPs) possess the skills and knowledge to expand the provision of expedited partner therapy (EPT) for STIs and provide HIV prophylaxis within existing practice frameworks. This report serves as a call to action for expanded provision of EPT and HIV prophylaxis by EMPs and highlights current barriers and solutions to increase pharmacist involvement in these practice areas.

Summary
Emergency medicine pharmacy practice continues to expand to allow for limited prescribing authority through collaborative practice agreements (CPAs). In recent years, CPA restrictions have been changed to facilitate treatment of more patients with less bureaucracy. This report addresses the unique challenges and opportunities for expanding EPT and HIV pre- and postexposure prophylaxis provision by pharmacists in emergency departments (EDs). Furthermore, current strategies and treatments for EPT, such as patient-delivered partner therapy and HIV prophylaxis, are discussed. Pharmacist involvement in STI treatment and HIV prevention is a key strategy to increase access to high-risk populations with high ED utilization and help close current gaps in care.

Conclusion
Expanding EMP provision of EPT and HIV prophylaxis may be beneficial to reducing the incidence of STIs and HIV infection in the community. CPAs offer a feasible solution to increase pharmacist involvement in the provision of these treatments. Legislative efforts to expand pharmacist scope of practice can also contribute to increasing access to EPT and HIV prophylaxis. With these efforts, EMPs can play an essential role in the fight against STIs and HIV.
Safety climate scale for vineyards: an external validity study
Authors: Grimbuhler Sonia , Werlen Théo , Viel Jean-François 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Agriculture entered the discussions about safety climates late, despite being one of the most hazardous industries. We recently developed a safety climate scale in Bordeaux vineyards, for which we provided good evidence of reliability and construct validity (Grimbuhler and Viel 2019). In this study, we aimed to establish the external validity of this safety climate scale with the help of an independent national sample of vineyard professionals.

Population and methods
We approached vineyard managers and operators during compulsory training and certification procedures for pesticide-related activities. Trainees giving informed consent for participation in the study were asked to complete a safety climate questionnaire at the start and end of a training session. In total, 406 vineyard managers or operators completed the questionnaire at the start of the study, 37 of whom declined to complete the questionnaire at the end of the training session, leaving 369 subjects available for pretraining/post-training comparisons. Statistical comparisons were based on t-tests and mixed models for repeated measures.

Results
A mean safety climate score of 82.91 (SD: 9.06) was obtained in the initial survey in the Bordeaux region, whereas the safety climate score was estimated at 83.78 (SD 10.39) in this nationwide survey (P = 0.23). A significant increase was observed after the training course, for the safety climate score (7.5%, P &lt; 10–15) and for each of its 7 dimensions (P &lt; 10–4 or less), in both univariate and multivariate analyses. However, the magnitude of these increases varied with dimension, ranging from 2.4% for rules and best practices to 15.5% for communication and feedback.

Conclusions
External validity was demonstrated by transferability and sensitivity to intervention. This safety climate scale can now be considered to provide a good inference of the safety culture, with a meaning generalizable across vineyards.
Allelochemical root-growth inhibitors in low-molecular-weight cress-seed exudate
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ishfaq , Begum Rifat Ara , Franková Lenka , Fry Stephen C 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Cress seeds release allelochemicals that over-stimulate the elongation of hypocotyls of neighbouring (potentially competing) seedlings and inhibit their root growth. The hypocotyl promoter is potassium, but the root inhibitor was unidentified; its nature is investigated here.

Methods
Low-molecular-weight cress-seed exudate (LCSE) from imbibed Lepidium sativum seeds was fractionated by phase partitioning, paper chromatography, high-voltage electrophoresis and gel-permeation chromatography (on Bio-Gel P-2). Fractions, compared with pure potassium salts, were bioassayed for effects on Amaranthus caudatus seedling growth in the dark for 4 days.

Key Results
The LCSE robustly promoted amaranth hypocotyl elongation and inhibited root growth. The hypocotyl inhibitor was non-volatile, hot acid stable, hydrophilic and resistant to incineration, as expected for K+. The root inhibitor(s) had similar properties but were organic (activity lost on incineration). The root inhibitor(s) remained in the aqueous phase (at pH 2.0, 6.5 and 9.0) when partitioned against butan-1-ol or toluene, and were thus hydrophilic. Activity was diminished after electrophoresis, but the remaining root inhibitors were neutral. They became undetectable after paper chromatography; therefore, they probably comprised multiple compounds, which separated from each other, in part, during fractionation. On gel-permeation chromatography, the root inhibitor co-eluted with hexoses.

Conclusions
Cress-seed allelochemicals inhibiting root growth are different from the agent (K+) that over-stimulates hypocotyl elongation and the former probably comprise a mixture of small, non-volatile, hydrophilic, organic substances. Abundant components identified chromatographically and by electrophoresis in cress-seed exudate fitting this description include glucose, fructose, sucrose and galacturonic acid. However, none of these sugars co-chromatographed and co-electrophoresed with the root-inhibitory principle of LCSE, and none of them (in pure form at naturally occurring concentrations) inhibited root growth. We conclude that the root-inhibiting allelochemicals of cress-seed exudate remain unidentified.
Exploring Trends in Immediate Postresidency Career Paths: A Multi-year Analysis of Plastic Surgery Resident Graduates Across the United States
Authors: Horne Mason J , Bray Stephanie M C , Schalet Benjamin J , Kpodzo Dzifa S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Plastic surgery is one of the most diverse specialties in medicine. Because of the competitiveness of plastic surgery residency, applicants are entering the field with increased experience and more developed interests in specific specialties. Programs and prospective applicants may find it beneficial to know trends in the career paths of recent graduates.

Objectives
To identify trends in postresidency career paths for plastic surgery graduates.

Methods
Data from all integrated plastic surgery residency programs were analyzed from 2013 to 2022. Eighty-eight residency programs were analyzed for review. Residency websites were the primary source of data. Postresidency career paths were categorized into subspecialty fellowships, academic practice, or private practice. Secondary data included program rank, size of the program, associated fellowship program, associated independent program, and program location.

Results
Seventy-three programs met the inclusion criteria. Private practice was the most common immediate postgraduation path. Microvascular and aesthetic fellowships demonstrated maximum growth in the last 10 years, followed by hand fellowships. Programs ranked in the top 25 by Doximity reputation were significantly associated with graduates going into craniofacial (P = .05) and microvascular fellowship (P = .021), and immediate academic practice (P = .011). Lower-ranked programs were correlated with higher levels of graduates entering directly into private/community hospital practice (ρ = 0.327).

Conclusions
Life after residency is a necessary consideration for training physicians. Understanding trends in postresidency career paths could help programs and prospective applicants make more informed decisions on what programs may offer the best opportunities to pursue their desired career path.

Level of Evidence: 5
ITGA2 as a prognostic factor of glioma promotes GSCs invasion and EMT by activating STAT3 phosphorylation
Authors: Zhang Jin , Li Ruinan , Zhang Haibin , Wang Shanshan , Zhao Yuanli 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults with a high mortality and recurrence rate. Integrin alpha 2 (ITGA2) is involved in cell adhesion, stem cell regulation, angiogenesis and immune cell function. The role of ITGA2 in glioma malignant invasion remains unknown. The function and clinical relevance of ITGA2 were analysed by bioinformatics databases. The expression of ITGA2 in parent cells and GSCs was detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence double staining. The role of ITGA2 on the malignant phenotype of GSCs and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) was identified by stem cell function assays and Western blot. The effect of ITGA2 on glioma progression in vivo was determined by the intracranial orthotopic xenograft model. Immunohistochemistry, Spearman correlation and Kaplan–Meier were used to analyse the relationship of ITGA2 with clinical features and glioma prognosis. Biological analysis showed that ITGA2 might be related to cell invasion and migration. ITGA2, enriched in GSCs and co-expressed with SOX2, promoted the invasion and migration of GSCs by activating STAT3 phosphorylation and enhancing EMT. ITGA2 knockout suppressed the intracranial orthotopic xenograft growth and prolonged the survival of xenograft mice. In addition, the expression level of ITGA2 was significantly correlated to the grade of malignancy, N-cadherin and Ki67. High expression of ITGA2 indicated a worse prognosis of glioma patients. As a biomarker for the prediction of prognosis, ITGA2 promotes the malignant invasion of GSCs by activating STAT3 phosphorylation and enhancing EMT, leading to tumor recurrence and poor prognosis.