bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra-Uterine and Juxtanatal Repair of Syndactyly in Foetal Mice
Authors: ROBINSON J. , OBERG K. C. , KIRSCH W. M. , WOOD V. E. 
Published: September 2005

39 foetal mice with genetic syndactyly were identified in utero at 17 days of gestation, and the right hindfoot extruded through the uterus. The syndactylous digits were separated by simple incisions. In one group (n = 25) digit separation was maintained during wound healing by the interdigital application of a silver microclip. Digit separation was also assessed in a second group of newborn mice less than 24 hours old (juxtanatal population, n = 24). Two foetuses (5%) and six newborns (25%) developed digital necrosis following microclip application. In the remaining microchlipped animals (23 intrauterine and 10 juxtanatal), microclip application maintained digit separation, allowing wound healing to occur with epithelialization of the separated digits. No inflammation or scar formation occurred. In the third group (n = 22) without microclip application, the digital skin reapproximated and webbing recurred during wound healing. These studies demonstrate the need to maintain digit separation during wound healing following intra-uterine or juxtanatal syndactyly repair.
Idiopathic Avascular Necrosis of the Capitate
Authors: KUTTY S. , CURTIN J. 
Published: September 2005

Idiopathic avascular necrosis (AVN) of the capitate is rare. A 44-year-old woman presented with chronic pain in her dominant wrist without a history of trauma. Clinical and standard radiological examination were initially inconclusive, while MRI was diagnostic. Mid-carpal arthrodesis gave a satisfactory short term result, and the long term result is awaited. Idiopathic AVN of the capitate should be included in the differential diagnosis of chronic wrist pain.
The Role of Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Detection of Lesions of the Ulnocarpal Complex
Authors: Gabl M. , Lener M. , Pechlaner S. , Judmaier W. 
Published: September 2005

A prospective study of 32 patients was carried out to investigate the significance of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosis of triangular fibrocartilage (TFC) lesions. Tears of the TFC can be diagnosed well by means of static MRI and arthroscopy. Dynamic MRI examination has an advantage in evaluating the stability of the TFC and ulnocarpal impingement. By means of dynamic MRI it was possible to make a preoperative diagnosis of an ulnocarpal impingement in five patients, a diagnosis which was confirmed through arthroscopy in all cases. In three further patients, dynamic MRI showed ulnocarpal impingement caused by instability of the ulnar attachment of the TFC. This kind of impingement could not be ascertained arthroscopically. Dynamic MRI extends the possibilities of evaluating obscure ulnar wrist pain. Its significance lies in the non-invasive examination of ulnocarpal impingement as well as the evaluation of TFC stability.
Avascular Necrosis of the Scaphoid Treated by Total Excision and Radial Advancement Osteotomy
Authors: GÜNAL I. , ÖZTUNA V. , KÖSE N. , SEBER S. 
Published: September 2005

Total scaphoid excision and radial advancement osteotomy has been investigated in a eadaverie and clinical study. In three below-elbow fresh amputation specimens, the technique was utilized and stability was checked by radiographs. Instability on ulnar deviation was prevented by extensor carpi radialis longus tenodesis. Four patients were treated in this way. The wrist was immobilized in a below-elbow splint for 45 days, then active motion was encouraged. After 10 months, three patients had excellent results and one patient had good result using the criteria of Cooney et al (1987).
Corrective Osteotomy for Post-Traumatic Malunion of the Phalanges in the Hand
Authors: BÜCHLER U. , GUPTA A. , RUF S. 
Published: September 2005

Rotation, angulation, deviation, shortening or a combination of deformities can occur due to phalangeal malunion and can lead to impairment of hand function. A historical cohort study of 57 patients who had phalangeal corrective osteotomies for post-traumatic malunion between 1978 and 1990 was undertaken. 59 rotational, radial/ulnar deviation, flexion/extension, length adjustment procedures, and combinations thereof were performed, using rigid internal fixation. Concurrent tenocapsulolysis was done in 50% of the cases. Satisfactory correction was obtained in 76% of the patients. Bony union was obtained in all cases. A net gain in active range of motion was achieved in 89% of the patients. Excellent and good results were obtained in 96% of the patients who had corrective osteotomies for malunion involving only the bone and in 64% of the patients who had corrections for malunion with involvement of multiple structures (P < 0.01).
Biodegradable Pins Versus Kirschner Wires in Hand Surgery
Authors: JENSEN C. H. , JENSEN C. M. 
Published: September 2005

We compared biodegradable pins with standard Kirschner wires in the fixation of fractures, arthrodeses and osteotomies in the hand in a prospective, randomized study. Eleven patients were allocated to the biodegradable pin group and 12 to the Kirschner wire group. Age, gender, operative procedure and postoperative treatment did not differ in the two groups. All patients were evaluated after 6 months. No differences in time to union or complication rates were found, but the number of additional operative procedures in the Kirschner wire group significantly exceeded the number needed in the biodegradable pin group.
Basal Joint Arthrosis
Authors: KADIYALA R. K. , GELBERMAN R. H. , KWON B. 
Published: September 2005

A radiographic method was developed, the trapezial space ratio, for assessing the space occupied by the trapezium (a space defined by the distal scaphoid and thumb metacarpal base divided by the thumb proximal phalanx). This method was applied to 100 normal thumb radiographs and to the radiographs of 15 patients with symptomatic degenerative arthrosis of the thumb basal joint before and after operative treatment with ligamentous reconstruction and tendon interposition arthroplasty. The trapezial space ratio averaged 0.476 ± 0.033 for radiographs of normal thumbs, 0.372 ± 0.084 for the pre-operative radiographs of thumbs with symptomatic basal joint arthrosis, and 0.270 ± 0.078 for the radiographs of thumbs following basal joint arthroplasty. A significant reduction in the trapezial space ratio was noted when values from arthritic thumbs were compared to those of normal thumbs (22%; P<0.0001). A further reduction in the trapezial space ratio was noted when post-operative values were compared to pre-operative ones (27%; P< 0.0002). Comparing post-operative trapezial space ratio values to values obtained in normal thumbs, a reduction of 43% was found in those thumbs treated operatively. These finding indicate that the trapezial space is reduced significantly in thumbs with severe degenerative arthrosis compared to normal thumbs and that ligament reconstruction tendon interposition arthroplasty is not entirely successful in either restoring or maintaining the length of the thumb ray.
Toe To Hand Transfer in Children
Authors: KAY S. P. , WIBERG M. 
Published: September 2005

Between 1988 and 1994 40 children (age range 9 months–14 years) with either congenital (85%) or acquired hand deformities underwent reconstruction by microvascular autotransplantation of one or more toes. Fourteen underwent a single toe transfer whilst 26 had two second toes transferred to one hand. In 14 of these cases both second toes were transferred at one operation. Whether one or two toes were transferred, the children spent on average 9 days in hospital. None of the transfers failed but 75% of the children underwent staged additional surgery to improve appearance and function. Thirty-seven of the 40 children attended with their parents for follow-up examination by an independent surgeon, a physiotherapist and a clinical psychologist in order to evaluate the results and consequences of surgery. This paper presents the technical considerations for this surgery and examines the influence of the transfer on growth.
Variations of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Tendon of the Little Finger
Authors: GONZALEZ M. H. , WHITTUM J. , KOGAN M. , WEINZWEIG N. 
Published: September 2005

Seventy cadaveric hands were dissected to study variations of the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon (FDS) to the little finger. Anatomical variations were present in 13% of hands and 10% of the hands showed an anatomical variation that would preclude independent FDS function in the little finger. The distance of the decussation from the metacarpophalangeal joint was measured. A ratio of this distance to proximal phalangeal length was calculated. The ratio indicated that decussation position was independent of phalangeal size.
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Tendon Transfers in Cerebral Palsy
Authors: WOLF T. M. , CLINKSCALES C. M. , HAMLIN C. 
Published: September 2005

Flexor carpi ulnaris tendon transfer to either the extensor carpi radialis longus or extensor carpi radialis brevis has become a standard procedure to improve function in patients with cerebral palsy. In this retrospective study of the procedure, we have compared preoperative and postoperative wrist position, analysed potential outcome predictors and assessed function by objective and subjective measures. Sixteen children, with flexor carpi ulnaris transfer to extensor carpi radialis longus or brevis or extensor digitorum, were tested at an average follow-up of 4 years (range, 1–9). General resting position improved and the centre of the arc of motion averaged 6° pronation and 9° extension. Subjectively, 14 of 16 parents felt there was an improvement in function, 16 of 16 felt that cosmesis was improved, 14 of 16 would recommend the procedure to others, and 15 of 16 were satisfied overall.
Scaphoid Malunion
Authors: FERNANDEZ D. L. , MARTIN C. J. , DEL PINO J. GONZALEZ 
Published: September 2005

Three patients with painful malunions of the scaphoid and significant loss of active wrist extension were treated with an opening wedge multiplanar osteotomy that corrected flexion, ulnar deviation, and pronatory rotational malalignment of the distal fragment. After a minimum follow-up of 4 years, all three patients were satisfied with the procedure and were pain-free. The preoperative range of wrist motion had improved, and they had returned to their preoperative occupations.
Distraction and Microvascular Epiphysis Transfer for Radial Club Hand
Authors: VILKKI S. K. 
Published: September 2005

This paper presents a different technique of treatment for Bayne type IV radial club hand using a microvascular joint transfer in order to reconstruct the absent half of the wrist joint, aiming for better movement and stability at the wrist joint with preservation of longitudinal growth. The method uses preoperative soft tissue distraction to obtain proper alignment of the hand on the ulna before the second metatarsophalangeal joint with the whole metatarsal bone is transplanted. The treatment takes about 4 months and the optimum period for surgery is during the second year of life. Pollicization is added later in the normal manner. The new technique has been used in 12 cases by the author since 1987 and the results of the first nine cases are reported with a mean follow-up of 6 years. This technique appears to be promising but is demanding because of the microvascular joint transplantation at an early age.
John Tavener round-up
Authors: Conway Paul 
Published: September 2005

JOHN TAVENER: The Veil of the Temple. Choir of the Temple Church, Holst Singers, Patricia Rozaro (sop) c. Stephen Layton. RCA 82876661542.TAVENER: Lament for Jerusalem. Patricia Rozario (sop), Christopher Joey (counter-ten), Sydney Philharmonic Chorus, Australian Youth Orchestra c. Thomas Woods. ABC Classics 476 160–5.TAVENER: Birthday Sleep; Butterfly Dreams; The Second Coming; Schuon Hymen; As one who has slept; The Bridal Chamber; Exhortation and Kohima; Shunya. Polyphony c. Stephen Layton. Hyperion CDA67475.
Music by women composers
Authors: Rickards Guy 
Published: September 2005

HOWELL: Violin Sonata in F minor; Rosalind for violin & piano; Piano Sonata in E minor; Humoresque for piano; 5 Studies for piano. Lorraine McAslan (vln), Sophia Rahman (pno). Dutton Epoch CDLX 7144.BACEWICZ: Violin Sonatas Nos. 4–5; Oberek No. 1; Sonata No. 2 for violin solo; Partita; Capriccio; Polish Capriccio. Joanna Kurkowicz (v;n), Gloria Chien (pno). Chandos CHAN 10250.MARIC: Byzantine Concerto1; Cantata: Threshold of Dream2,3,6; Ostinato Super Thema Octoïcha4–6; Cantata: Song of Space7. 1Olga Jovanovic (pno), Belgrade PO c. Oskar Danon, 2Dragoslava Nikolic (sop, alto), 3Jovan Milicevic (narr), 4Ljubica Maric (pno), 5Josip Pikelj (hp), 6Radio-TV Belgrade CO c. Oskar Danon, 7Radio-TV Belgrade Mixed Choir & SO c. Mladen Jagušt. Chandos Historical 10267H.MUSGRAVE: For the Time Being: Advent1; Black Tambourine2–3; John Cook; On the Underground Sets1–3. 1Michael York (narr), 2Walter Hirse (pno), 3Richard Fitz, Rex Benincasa (perc),New York Virtuoso Singers c. Harold Rosenbaum. Bridge 9161.KUI DONG: Earth, Water, Wood, Metal, Fire1; Pangu's Song2; Blue Melody3; Crossing (electronic/computer tape music); Three Voices4. 1Sarah Cahill (pno), 2Tod Brody (fl), Daniel Kennedy (perc), 3San Francisco Contemporary Music Players c. Olly Wilson, 4Hong Wang (Chinese fiddle), Ann Yao (Chinese zither), Chen Tao (bamboo fl). New World 80620-2.FIRSOVA: The Mandelstam Cantatas: Forest Walks, op. 36; Earthly Life, op. 31; Before the Thunderstorm, op. 70. Ekaterina Kichigina (sop), Studio for New Music Moscow c. Igor Dronov. Megadisc MDC 7816.KATS-CHERNIN: Ragtime & Blues. Sarah Nicholls (pno). Nicola Sweeney (vln). Signum SIGCD058.CHAMBERS: A Mass for Mass Trombones. Thomas Hutchinson (trb), Ensemble of 76 trombones c. David Gilbert. Centaur CRC 2263.
The Norwood procedure for hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Authors: Jacobs Marshall L. 
Published: September 2005

Evolution of staged surgical managementAmong the earliest reported attempts at palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome were those described by Cayler et al. in 1970,1and Freedom et al. in 1977.2Each case involved separate banding of the right and left pulmonary arteries, together with the construction of a direct aortopulmonary shunt. These two babies, one with critical aortic stenosis, and one with aortic atresia and ventricular septal defect, survived initial palliation but died without more definitive surgery. The separate banding of the pulmonary arteries had resulted in distortion of the distal pulmonary arterial branches and abnormal distribution of flow. Litwin et al.,3in 1972, performed an operation for interrupted aortic arch in which a non-valved conduit was placed from the pulmonary trunk proximally to the descending thoracic aorta, and the pulmonary trunk was banded distal to the conduit. The one survivor again manifested severe distortion of the pulmonary arteries, and developed pulmonary vascular obstructive disease. An operation fundamentally similar to this, nonetheless, was subsequently used by several surgeons in an attempt to treat neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. These included Albert et al. in 1978, and Mohri in 1979.
Improving Child Nutrition? The Integrated Child Development Services in India
Authors: Lokshin Michael , Das Gupta Monica , Gragnolati Michele , Ivaschenko Oleksiy 
Published: September 2005

AbstractLevels of child malnutrition in India have fallen only slowly during the 1990s, despite significant economic growth and considerable expenditure on the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme, of which the major component is supplementary feeding for malnourished children. To begin to unravel this puzzle, this article assesses the programme's placement and its outcomes, using NFHS data from 1992 and 1998. The authors find that programme placement is clearly regressive across states. The states with the greatest need for the programme — the poor Northern states which account for nearly half of India's population and which suffer from high levels of child malnutrition — have the lowest programme coverage and the lowest budgetary allocations from the central government. Programme placement within states is more progressive: poorer and larger villages have a higher probability of having an ICDS centre, as do those with other development programmes or community associations. In terms of outcomes, the authors find little evidence of programme impact on child nutrition status in villages with ICDS centres.
Militarization of the Market and Rent‐Seeking Coalitions in Turkey
Authors: Demir Fırat 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis article analyses the role of historically‐determined institutional and political characteristics in determining both the nature of the adjustment process, and its economic and political outcomes, in Turkey. In particular, the author explores the degree to which the formation of rent‐seeking coalitions has contributed to the failure of neo‐liberal economic reforms in the country. The analysis suggests that the Turkish experience since the early 1980s offers a unique case for studying the relationships between the state bureaucracy, the military, the business sector, civil society, and international economic actors. Unlike previous research in this area, this article focuses especially on the role of the military as an interest group in the process of economic liberalization in Turkey.
Development, Transition and Globalization in China's Coal Industry
Authors: Rui Huaichuan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe coal industry has proved to be one of the most strategically important but also one of the most problematic industries in China. Closing small township and village owned (TVE) coalmines, declaring loss‐making state‐owned (SOE) mines bankrupt, and building up modern coal corporations are all causing huge difficulties for the government. The main reason for the problems now facing the industry is the fact that TVEs, SOEs and coal corporations were encouraged to meet different needs at different times and now all face different challenges from development, transition and globalization. This article uses research from the three major categories of coal companies in China to demonstrate that, while these three parallel challenges do necessitate reform in the industry, this reform must be handled cautiously, innovatively and in a balanced way.
Patch exploitation strategy by an egg parasitoid in constant or variable environment
Authors: Van Baaren Joan , Boivin Guy , Outreman Yannick 
Published: September 2005

Abstract.  1. In this paper, the foraging behaviour (the proximal mechanisms involved in patch‐leaving rules and the egg dispersion) of an egg parasitoid, Anaphes victus, was analysed in environments containing either patches of constant quality (i.e. predictable environment) or patches of variable quality (i.e. unpredictable environment) in order to determine the motivational mechanisms used in patch‐leaving strategies.2. Comparison of the patch exploitation strategy of A. victus between the different habitats suggested that the response of A. victus to a given patch quality strongly depended on its past experiences. Females allocated more time and more eggs in a mixed quality patch after experiencing a poor quality patch than after experiencing a good quality patch. In a poor quality patch, females superparasitised more frequently after experiencing a poor quality patch than after experiencing a good quality patch. In a good quality patch, A. victus females laid more eggs after having visited two poor quality patches than after visiting good quality patches.3. Recent foraging experiences are used to estimate both the availability and spatial distribution of hosts in the environment and adjust foraging decisions accordingly. The observed variability in the patch‐leaving rules within the same species stresses the importance of previous experience when describing behaviours of female parasitoids.
Competition with filamentous fungi and its implication for a gregarious lifestyle in insects living on ephemeral resources
Authors: Rohlfs Marko , Obmann Björn , Petersen Ralf 
Published: September 2005

Abstract. 1. Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of positive density dependence in the survival and development ofDrosophila(the so‐called Allee effect); however the underlying mechanisms of such Allee effects have remained elusive. Competition with filamentous fungi have often been suggested to be involved in causing high mortality at low larval density, but it has not yet been explicitly tested if the well known spatial aggregation of insect eggs yields a fitness benefit for the developing larvae in the presence of noxious moulds.2. UsingDrosophila melanogaster, the present study tested whether larval survival is greater in aggregations when confronted with various combinations of three representative mould species (Aspergillus,Alternaria, andPenicillium) and a head start for fungal development.3. High rates of fungal‐dependent mortality and significant positive density‐dependent larval survival (i.e. Allee effects) were observed when larvae were confronted with food resources containing established colonies ofAspergillusorAlternaria. Neither the simultaneous transfer ofAspergillusorAlternariaspores with larvae to food patches nor food infections withPenicilliumaffected insect larval development.4. Significant correlations between mould growth and larval survival could be identified, although the patterns that emerged were shown to be inconsistent when the effects were compared between fungal species and fungal priority. Because mould growth only partly explained larval survival, the influence of other fungal‐borne factors, e.g. mycotoxins, needs to be elucidated in order to understand the mechanistic basis of insect–mould interactions.5. These results are the first to argue convincingly for moulds being involved in mediating Allee effects for insects on ephemeral resources; however they also demonstrate an unexpected diversity in insect–mould interactions. Considering this diversity may be important in understanding insect spatial ecology.
Influence of adult nutrition on the relationship between body size and reproductive parameters in a parasitoid wasp
Authors: Bezemer T. Martijn , Harvey Jeffrey A. , Mills Nick J. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract.  1. An important constraint upon life‐history evolution in parasitoids is the limit imposed by body size on allocation of limited metabolic resources to different fitness‐related physiological functions such as reproduction and survival.2. The influence of adult nutrition on reproductive and maintenance variables was studied in the synovigenic ectoparasitoid Mastrus ridibundus, and it was determined whether resource allocation to these different functions depends on body size.3. Over the course of adult life there was a positive relationship between body size and the number of mature eggs in adult females both in the presence and absence of food. However, only in the presence of food did egg maturation rates increase significantly with body size. Starved wasps produced significantly smaller eggs than fed ones, which has not been documented before. Moreover, starved wasps produced fewer offspring than fed wasps, and attacked fewer hosts.4. The availability of food had a major effect on longevity, with fed females living about 10 times longer than starved ones. There was also a positive relationship between body size and longevity. In starved wasps, this relationship was the same both in the presence and absence of hosts, but in fed wasps there was a positive relationship between body size and longevity in the absence of hosts only. Allocation to initial eggs relative to lifetime progeny production did not decline with body size.5. The data reveal that in M. ridibundus the trade‐off between maintenance and reproduction varies with life expectancy.