bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RADIATION THERMOPILE DESIGN
Authors: Firestone F. A. 
Published: February 2005

Previous formulas for the design of radiation thermopiles to be used with a Thomson galvanometer are summarized and new formulas for the design of thermopiles for use with D'Arsonval galvanometers are developed.
A design of thermopile is described in which the cold junctions almost entirely surround the hot junctions thus reducing drifts. In this design, each element is constructed as a separate unit and when all are completed they are simply stacked up and fastened together with one screw, thereby minimizing the danger of breakage. The whole thermopile fits into a cubical evacuated case only 10 mm on an edge and, being so small, it can be used directly in front of an elliptical mirror which forms a small hot image, in some cases increasing the deflection due to a given radiation by a factor of 3. By a slight modification of the spectrometer, a thermopile having adjustable compensation can be utilized which, theoretically, will give almost no drifts due to changes in temperature of the optical parts of the spectrometer or of the surroundings.
A convenient technique of construction is described.
Errors of the Dial Gauge as an Instrument for Measuring Amplitudes of Vibration
Authors: Weiss Herbert K. 
Published: February 2005

When used for measuring amplitudes of vibration, the dial gauge was found to have two major errors, one occurring at low frequencies, the other appearing at high frequencies. The low frequency error is caused by the weakness of the hairspring which takes up backlash in the mechanism. When the critical frequency, at which the inertia of the parts overcomes the hairspring torque is exceeded, a constant error equal to the backlash appears in the gauge reading.
The high frequency error is produced by jumping of the gauge finger. By suitable installation of the gauge the jumping can be made audible to indicate the approach to the upper limit of accuracy. As the error is small for a safe range beyond this point, the audible indication provides a convenient warning.
The high frequency error is postponed by using a stronger gauge spring, and by increasing the initial compression in the spring.
A Machine for Tensile Testing at Controlled Temperatures and Constant True Strain Rates
Authors: Bartholomew E. L. , Krystyan K. J. , Millar D. A. J. , Wulff J. 
Published: February 2005

The stress required for the plastic deformation of a metal at elevated temperatures depends on both temperature and strain rate. In order to determine mechanical properties at high temperatures, both these quantities must be known and controlled. Otherwise stress cannot be expressed as a unique function of strain. The machine described in this paper performs short time tensile tests at constant temperature and constant true strain rate. It automatically measures and controls the minimum diameter of a cylindrical specimen which is pulled in a constant temperature furnace. A cam drive establishes the required exponential variation of diameter with time, and, by means of an optical comparator and error-operated servo, the testing machine pulls the specimen at the required rate. Load is determined by measuring the deflection of weigh-bars in series with the specimen. Since true strain increases linearly with time, a true stress, true strain curve can be plotted from yield to fracture.
The information obtainable with this machine should be of considerable value in hot-working research, and will complement that available from creep and stress rupture tests.
An Improved Cuvette Densitometer for Cardiac Output Determination by the Dye-Dilution Method
Authors: Gilford S. R. , Gregg D. E. , Shadle O. W. , Ferguson T. B. , Marzetta L. A. 
Published: February 2005

This paper is concerned with the development of an improved form of cuvette densitometer used in the measurement of cardiac output by the dye-dilution method.
In this method the output is calculated from the relationship expressing rate of dilution of a dye introduced in the heart as a function of flow rate. The role of the densitometer is that of recording the time-concentration function of the dye in blood. This recording is made as whole blood is led in a continuous flow from a peripheral artery of the subject through the transparent cuvette of the densitometer.
The densitometer to be described is an improvement over previous units in its stability, sensitivity, size, and convenience of application. A complete description of the principles of operation, circuit details, mechanical arrangement, and performance characteristics is included along with recommendations for future improvements.
Wind Tunnel Tests on Seven Aerovanes
Authors: Mazzarella Daniel A. 
Published: February 2005

Each of the Aerovanes used on the 420-ft meteorology tower at Brookhaven has been tested in one or more wind tunnels. An equation of motion is defined. Comparisons are offered in terms of the period of each instrument and its damping coefficient. Other comparisons include starting speeds, stopping speeds, and the effects of aging and unbalance on the performance of Aerovane propellers.
The effect of yaw on the readings of windmill-type anemometers has been investigated further. An expression is given for the relationship between true speed, indicated speed, and angular displacement.
The recovery time of an Aerovane propeller from rest can be expressed as a hyperbolic function of speed.
Equipotential Plotting Table
Authors: Dahlin E. B. 
Published: February 2005

The author has constructed an equipotential plotting equipment of the same principle as used by Murray and Hollway [J. Appl. Phys. 24, 110 (1953)]. The electrolytic field of an ordinary paper with electrodes painted upon it with graphite dispersion is mapped with a probe. The electrodes are fed with dc of 1000 volts. Due to the high resistivity of the paper (about 104 megohms/sq), polarization is of no importance. The position of a desired equipotential line can be found easily with an accuracy of 0.1 mm at an interelectrode space of about 300 mm.
The papers used have proved to have some undesirable qualities that decrease the accuracy unless special precautions are made. The most important errors are the variations of the paper thickness across the surface and the nonisotropic conductivity of some kinds of paper. When measuring currents (the analog for flux) it was necessary to avoid errors caused by the great change of conductivity of the paper at different atmospheric humidity. Normal variations of the humidity proved to change the conductivity by a factor of four.
Electric Field Meters
Authors: Gunn Ross 
Published: February 2005

The fundamental principles of electric field measurement by the use of inductors and vacuum tube amplifiers are reviewed. An electric field meter is described that employs a rotating inductor and a synchronous ac generator to provide a sign responsive meter reading proportional to the electric field. The synchronized circuits eliminate moving contact rectifiers and promote calibration stability.
A simplified field meter using rectified inductor currents to operate a high-impedance push-pull bridge circuit is also described. Design features are incorporated in both instruments that permit them to operate continuously under unusually severe storm conditions.
A Segmented-Mirror Solar Furnace for High-Intensity Thermal Radiation Studies
Authors: Gardon Robert 
Published: February 2005

A solar furnace is described, in which an array of many small plane mirrors is used to produce radiation of practically uniform intensity (up to about 5.5 cal/cm2 sec) over an area 5 cm square. This relatively large area of irradiation is required for experiments in which edge effects must be kept to a minimum, and could not have been obtained by means of a conventional continuously curved mirror of reasonable focal length and of moderate cost.
The performance of the segmented-mirror furnace over a 15 month period is analyzed.
A One-Dimensional Fourier Analog Computer
Authors: Azaroff Leonid V. 
Published: February 2005

A computer has been constructed to sum Fourier series having up to 30 terms. Although this is a one-dimensional computer it can be used for double and triple summations by using standard trigonometric expansions.
ODFAC sums Σn Fnsincos2πnx electrically. The trigonometric function is produced by a variable-angle transformer known as a resolver. Each amplitude is set by a variac which regulates the input to a particular resolver. The frequencies 2πnx for 31 values of n are arranged by gearing the rotors of the resolvers in ratios 0, 1, 2,…30. The resultant individual currents are added in parallel and the value at point x (in intervals of 1/60, 1/120, or 1/240 of a cell edge) is read on a voltmeter and the phase is read on an oscilloscope.
The relative speed of a computation is five to ten times faster than the standard strip methods. The average error in a computation compares favorably with the rounding-off error in conventional two-place strips.
Design of Extensometer for Creep Studies
Authors: Gossick Ben R. 
Published: February 2005

The extensometer permits remote operation over a wide range of extensions. The creep specimen is mechanically coupled to a metal core within a mutual inductance bridge. The amount of deformation of the creep specimen determines the position of the core and thus the amount of bridge unbalance. The tolerances of mutual inductance bridges being imperfect, a residual voltage remains which is 90° out of phase with that produced by displacements of the core. A core which produces an output voltage 90° out of phase with the voltage produced by a steel core has been made with laminations of copper and steel. By connecting two bridges in series, one containing a steel core and the other the composite core, the null has been reduced to the noise level of the amplifier to which the bridge system is connected.
Requirements for making the phase angle of the bridge signal approximately independent of core position, over the extension range, are discussed.
Regulation of Secondary Cell Wall Development by Cortical Microtubules during Tracheary Element Differentiation in Arabidopsis Cell Suspensions
Authors: Oda Yoshihisa , Mimura Tetsuro , Hasezawa Seiichiro 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Cortical microtubules participate in the deposition of patterned secondary walls in tracheary element differentiation. In this study, we established a system to induce the differentiation of tracheary elements using a transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cell suspension stably expressing a green fluorescent protein-tubulin fusion protein. Approximately 30% of the cells differentiated into tracheary elements 96 h after culture in auxin-free media containing 1 μ m brassinolide. With this differentiation system, we have been able to time-sequentially elucidate microtubule arrangement during secondary wall thickening. The development of secondary walls could be followed in living cells by staining with fluorescein-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin, and the three-dimensional structures of the secondary walls could be simultaneously analyzed. A single microtubule bundle first appeared beneath the narrow secondary wall and then developed into two separate bundles locating along both sides of the developing secondary wall. Microtubule inhibitors affected secondary wall thickening, suggesting that the pair of microtubule bundles adjacent to the secondary wall played a crucial role in the regulation of secondary wall development.
Differential Expression and Evolution of the Arabidopsis CYP86A Subfamily
Authors: Duan Hui , Schuler Mary A. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Some members of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CYP86A and CYP94B cytochrome P450 monooxygenase subfamilies, which share some sequence homology with the animal and fungal fatty acid hydroxylases, have been functionally defined as fatty acid ω-hydroxylases. With these activities, these and other fatty acid hydroxylases have potential roles in the synthesis of cutin, production of signaling molecules, and prevention of accumulation of toxic levels of free fatty acids. The constitutive and stress-inducible patterns of the five Arabidopsis CYP86A subfamily members have been defined in 7-d-old seedlings and 1-month-old plant tissues grown under normal conditions, and 7-d-old seedlings treated with different hormones (indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, gibberellin, methyl jasmonic acid, brassinosteroid, salicylic acid), chemicals (clofibrate, 1-aminocyclopropane-1 carboxylic acid), or environmental stresses (cold, wounding, drought, mannitol, etiolation). Very distinct expression patterns exist for each of these fatty acid hydroxylases under normal growth conditions and in response to environmental and chemical stresses. Analysis of the promoter sequences for each of these genes with their expression patterns has highlighted a number of elements in current databases that potentially correlate with the responses of individual genes.
Ligand‐binding regulation of LXR/RXR and LXR/PPAR heterodimerizations: SPR technology‐based kinetic analysis correlated with molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Yue Liduo , Ye Fei , Gui Chunshan , Luo Haibin , Cai Jianhua , Shen Jianhua , Chen Kaixian , Shen Xu , Jiang Hualiang 
Published: February 2005

AbstractLiver X receptor (LXR) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) are two members of nuclear receptors involved in the nutrient metabolisms of dietary fatty acid and cholesterol. They are found to be of cross‐talk function in that LXR regulates fatty acid synthesis and PPAR controls fatty acid degradation. LXRs (LXRα and LXRβ) function by forming obligate heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor (RXR), and subsequently binding to specific DNA response elements within the regulatory regions of their target genes. In this work, the kinetic features concerning LXR/RXR and LXR/PPAR interactions have been fully investigated using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology. It is found that LXRs could bind to all the three PPAR subtypes, PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ with different binding affinities, and such receptor/receptor interactions could be regulated by ligand binding. Moreover, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed on six typical complex models. The results revealed that ligands may increase the interaction energies between the receptor interfaces of the simulated receptor/receptor complexes. The MD results are in agreement with the SPR data. Further analyses on the MD results indicated that the ligand binding might increase the hydrogen bonds between the interfaces of the receptor/receptor complex.
Appendix: a novel type of homeotic mutation affecting floral morphology
Authors: Broadhvest Jean , Daigle Nathalie , Martin Marilyn , Haughn George W. , Bernier François 
Published: February 2005

SummaryA mutant with altered floral morphology, designated Appendix, was observed among the progeny of a regenerated transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plant. Appendix flowers had small outgrowths resembling pistils on the tips of fertile anthers. No Obvious morphological changes could be seen in any other part of the plant. A more careful analysis using histological methods and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the outgrowths were composed only of a style and a stigma and that these added organs can support pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Examination of anther ontogeny using scanning electron microscopy indicated that the anther style and stigma of the Appendix mutant developed from a small group of cells at the anther tip coincident with development of the carpel style and stigma. Genetic analysis indicated that this mutation is nuclear, recessive and linked to the ‘transferred DNA’ (T‐DNA) inserted during the generation of transgenic plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The Appendix phenotype does not correspond to any of the other types of floral homeotic mutations that have been described so far.
Support needs of supply nurses in rural and remote Queensland
Authors: Fiore Steven , Souzani Sanam , D’Amore Rita , Behan Kieran , Cutts Christopher , La Caze Adam 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjective:  The aim of this report is to discuss a needs analysis conducted with rural and remote nurses in Queensland undertaking supply of medications in public hospitals without a pharmacist. Design:  Survey questionnaire. Methods:  A questionnaire was faxed to 65 Queensland Health rural and remote hospitals using supply nurses. It contained six closed questions regarding previously identified medication ‘supply’ issues, and three open questions to determine additional information. Results:  Of the surveys, 42 (65%) were returned. Major areas of interest included a safety checklist for medication supply (90%, 38/42), more information on medication labelling requirements (83%, 35/42) and timing of medications with regard to food (86%, 36/42). Requirements for patient counselling, increased access to consumer medication information (CMI) (76%, 32/42), and resources regarding doses, indications, interactions and adverse effects also rated highly (73%, 31/42). Thirty‐three supply nurses highlighted at least one issue in the open questions: more information on the legal requirements of repackaging medications (39%, 13/42), increased access to CMI and counselling tools (36%, 12/42) and an efficient stock control system (30%, 10/42). Conclusions:  This report highlights the need to broaden current support services available to nurses undertaking the supply of medications. It is vital that support programs, and the laws and guidelines related to supplying medications in rural and remote hospitals, support health care professionals providing quality use of medicines (QUM) and reflect the realities of rural and remote health care.
Faecal incontinence: an unrecognised epidemic in rural North Queensland? Results of a hospital‐based outpatient study
Authors: Ho Yik‐Hong , Muller Reinhold , Veitch Craig , Rane Ajay , Durrheim David 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectives:  We explored the prevalence of faecal incontinence (FI) in a referral hospital outpatient population, to explore suspicions that FI is inadequately studied, underestimated and poorly appreciated in the rural North Queensland (NQ) community. Design:  Prospective cross‐sectional study using a specifically designed questionnaire. Setting:  The Townsville Hospital, a referral centre serving rural NQ. Subjects:  A total of 435 consecutive patients attending the gynaecology (n = 261) and colorectal clinics (n = 174) between 31 January and 12 June 2003 were enrolled (participating proportion 96.5%).Main outcome measures:  FI prevalence, severity, impact on patients’ lives, and risk factors. Results:  The prevalence of FI in the study population (median age 53 years) was 20.7%. Amongst affected patients (n = 90) the median duration of FI was 2 years with more than half of those affected soiling themselves at least once a month. Many patients with FI (42%) reported feeling hopeless at least some of the time. Rectal prolapse, chronic constipation, psychiatric problems, colon disease, and urinary incontinence were all significantly associated with FI. A CART analysis revealed that many patients (45%) with urinary incontinence and chronic constipation also experienced FI.Conclusions:  This FI prevalence in a clinical setting in NQ is, apart from nursing home studies, the highest reported in the literature. FI negatively impacted on affected persons’ lives. In patients presenting with urinary incontinence and chronic constipation, physicians should specifically enquire whether FI is also present. Definitive community studies to determine the scale of this ‘silent epidemic’ in northern Australia are now required.
Laparoscopic or trephine faecal diversion: is there a preferred approach and why?
Authors: Jugool S. , McKain E. S. , Swarnkar K. , Vellacott K. D. , Stephenson B. M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground  Faecal diversion is often indicated in perineal sepsis and in the palliation of advanced ano‐rectal malignancy. This can be performed open or laparoscopically. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of these two approaches to stoma creation.Methods  Prospective evaluation of laparoscopic or ‘trephine’ stoma creation in 49 consecutive unselected patients.Results  Eighteen (37%) patients (median age 68 years) underwent a laparoscopic approach in which there were no conversions. One patient required a laparotomy for stoma mal‐orientation and there were two (11%) deaths. Thirty‐one patients (median age 70 years) had a trephine stoma formed with two (6%) conversions but no deaths. Thirteen (42%) of these patients had surgery performed under regional anaesthesia. There was no difference in the hospital stay between the two groups and at a mean follow‐up of 16 months, 20 (41%) patients had died mainly from disease progression.Conclusion  Both approaches to faecal diversion give adequate results in the short term. Laparoscopic techniques should be reserved for fitter patients as a trephine stoma can be performed under regional anaesthesia.
Catullus 63 In a Roman Context
Authors: Nauta Ruurd 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn this paper,1) Catullus' intentions in writing the Attis poem and his possible use of a Greek model are deliberately left out of account. Instead, the focus is on the meaning his poem may have had for his contemporary audience. Attis is a gallus, a castrated devotee of the Mater Magna, and thus a reconstruction is attempted of the mental picture that Romans of Catullus' time had of galli. Special importance is given to Lucretius' excursus on the Mater Magna, and his interpretation of castration as a punishment for lack of pietas. Finally, a slightly later source, Vergil's Aeneid, is used to suggest that Catullus' poem may also have been read as participating in a discourse about Roman national identity.
The Effect of the Echo. A Text Linguistic Approach to Catullus Carmen 63
Authors: Kroon Caroline 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA text linguistic analysis of the narrative structure of Catullus 63 attempts, in the first half of this paper, to provide a better insight into the extraordinary nature of this poem as a narrative. On the basis of this analysis it is observed that the 'narrative event structure' is in fact subservient to what is called the 'thematic structure' of the poem, in which the devices of contrast and repetition play an essential role. The second half of the article elaborates on the all-pervasive use of repetition in the poem and the implications of this observation for its interpretation, leading up to the conclusion that in Catullus 63 repetition is a theme (or aim) in itself.