bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Straussian Reception of Xenophon's Cyropaedia
Authors: Altman William Henry Furness 
Published: February 2024

In 1948, Leo Strauss wrote about Xenophon’s Cyropaedia: “This work has never been studied by modern historians with even a small fraction of the care and concentration it merits and which is needed if it is to disclose its meaning.” Thanks in part to his students, this is no longer true, and this article reviews the Straussian reception of the Cyropaediabetween 1969 and 2015. But it begins with Strauss, who could scarcely have recognized the difficulties involved in disclosing “its meaning” unless that meaning had disclosed itself to him, and it is the elusive nature of that disclosure that has given his students the interpretive freedom to reach conclusions that are sometimes diametrically if not explicitly opposed to Strauss’s own. An investigation of those differences sheds light on both Strauss and his followers, and also on the distinction between Strauss’s interpretive methods and his political philosophy. No less importantly, such an investigation also helps us to better understand Xenophon’s Cyropaedia.
O MELHOR DOS AQUÊMIDAS: BENEVOLÊNCIA, INTERESSE PRÓPRIO E A LEITURA ‘IRÔNICA’ DA CIROPÉDIA
Authors: Danzig Gabriel 
Published: February 2024

Críticos argumentam que, apesar de manter uma aparência de benevolência, na realidade, Ciro está sempre incansavelmente buscando o seu próprio interesse. Isto, porém, é uma dicotomia falsa. Para Xenofonte, a busca dos próprios interesses não contradiz nem a benevolência nem a beneficência. Ao contrário, a benevolência e a beneficência contribuem para a obtenção dos objetivos de interesse próprio e portanto a busca dos interesses próprios requerem ambas (vejaMemorabilia3.1.10, Oeconomicus 12.15). Isso se deve pois as posses mais úteis são os amigos e eles são adquiridos por atos de benevolência. A questão mais complicada é o conflito entre o interesse próprio e os interesses dos amigos e aliados. Contudo, conflitos entre interesses sinceros, em oposição aos desejos e vontades não precisam surgir com freqüência uma vez que diferentes indivíduos merecem e se beneficiam de coisas diferentes. Esta compatibilidade de interesses é ilustrada particularmente quando Ciro leva a melhor sobre seu tio Ciaxares. Ao invés do fato tê-lo prejudicado, ele avança os interesses de ambos simultaneamente.
Paradoja política y utopismo pedagógico en Jenofonte
Authors: Méndez Aguirre Víctor Hugo 
Published: February 2024

ResumenEl propósito del presente trabajo es subrayar que la paradoja política socrática es la piedra angular del utopismo pedagógico de Jenofonte. En primer lugar, la paradoja política es compleja: por una parte, la paradoja del esclavo planteada por Sócrates implica que solo el kalòs kagathós es libre mientras que los ignorantes son esclavos; por otra parte, la paradoja política en cuanto tal, postula que el verdadero político es el kalòs kagathós cuya principal actividad es enseñar la virtud a los ciudadanos para tener políticos virtuosos. A continuación, enseñar cómo ser un buen ciudadano es la clave para mejorar el bien general de las póleis. Por ultimo, se postula la existencia de un utopismo pedagógico en la Memorabilia de Jenofonte. Sucintamente, la paradoja política de Sócrates es la piedra angular del utopismo pedagógico de Jenofonte.PALABRAS CLAVE: Jenofonte, Paradoja, Utopismo, Educación, Política. AbstractPolitical Paradox and Xenophon's pedagogical utopianismThe aim of this paper is to highlight that Socratic political paradox is the cornerstone of Xenophon’s pedagogical utopianism.To start with, the Political Paradox is complex: on the one hand, the Slave Paradox formulated by Socrates means that only the kalos kagathos is a free man while ignorant people are slaves; on the other hand, the Socratic political paradox as such, is that the kalos kagathos whose main activity is to teach virtue to citizens in order to have virtuous politicians, is the only true political man.Secondly, teaching how to be a good citizen becomes the key to improve the overall good of poleis.Finally, there is a pedagogical utopianism in Xenophon’s Memorabilia.To put the problem succinctly, the Socratic political paradox is the cornerstone of Xenophon's pedagogical utopianism.KEYWORDS: Xenophon, Paradox, Utopianism, Education, Politics.
O mito de Ganimedes: considerações sobre o mito em Biblioteca de Pseudo-Apolodoro e Metamorfoses de Ovídio
Authors: Souza Zildene Paz , Mota Arlete José , Santos Tania Martins 
Published: February 2024

Cada vez mais as construções discursivas que constroem as identidades homoeróticas vêm sendo estudadas no âmbito acadêmico. O objetivo geral do presente artigo é compreender a construção da identidade masculina homoerótica na representação do mito de Ganimedes apresentado em Biblioteca de Pseudo-Apolodoro e em Metamorfoses de Ovídio. Faremos a tradução do corpus visando à análise linguística e estilístico-literária do texto grego e do texto latino e faremos uma comparação entre os dois autores observando como as construções discursivas forjam as identidades homoeróticas naquele mito. Nosso método de pesquisa é pautado pela Análise Crítica do Discurso de Norman Fairclough e pela análise comparativa de Tânia Franco Carvalhal acerca da Literatura Comparada.
O ÉSQUILO ARISTOFÂNICO E A DEFESA DA MEMÓRIA E DA IDENTIDADE PARA A FORMAÇÃO DO HOMEM GREGO: UMA ANÁLISE DO AGÔN DA PEÇA RÃS DE ARISTÓFANES
Authors: Menezes Márcia Regina , Santos Tania Martins 
Published: February 2024

Aristófanes é visto como extremamente conservador, devido ao aparente saudosismo e apologia do passado em suas narrativas. Em oposição à faceta conservadora, ele se descreve na parábase de Nuvens (v.547) como um inovador, sempre introduzindo novas ideias. Ademais, salta aos olhos do leitor a irreverência com que o poeta trata os temas relacionados aos deuses. Essa dualidade identificada na narrativa aristofânica torna difícil compreender o significado do passado, presente e futuro, na obra do comediógrafo, e o lugar que a tradição, a inovação e, sobretudo, a memória ocupam em sua práxis poética. Considera-se, portanto, que o estudo do agón pautado, nas teorias de Vernant, Werner, Kandel, Le Goff e Pollak, será de fundamental importância para assinalar o papel da identidade helênica e da memória coletiva no discurso literário de Aristófanes. Palavras-chave: Aristófanes; discurso; identidade; memória.
Nonergodic Ground-Motion Models for Subduction Zone and Crustal Earthquakes in Japan
Authors: Sung Chih-Hsuan , Miyake Hiroe , Abrahamson Norman , Morikawa Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
We investigate the nonergodic behavior of ground motions from subduction zone earthquakes and crustal earthquakes in Japan using the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience strong-motion flatfile together with various reference ergodic ground-motion models (GMMs). For the nonergodic path effects, our nonergodic GMM has two path effects terms: a cell-specific linear-distance scaling, denoted as δP2PQ, that mimics the effects of a 3D Q structure, and a source- and site-specific term related to the effects of the 3D velocity structure, denoted δP2PV. The resulting model provides spatially varying nonergodic source, site, and path terms. The GMM smoothly interpolates and extrapolates the nonergodic terms in space so that the GMM can be applied to any combination of source and site locations in the region. In regions where data are sparse, the median nonergodic terms will approach zero but with large epistemic uncertainty. Over the period range of 0–10 s, the ranges of the standard deviations of the nonergodic source, path, and site terms are 0.2–0.65, 0.25–0.40, and 0.15–0.40 natural log units, respectively. The fully nonergodic models lead to a 40%–55% decrease in the aleatory standard deviation compared to the reference ergodic GMMs. This large reduction in the aleatory standard deviation combined with the change in the median given by the nonergodic terms can exert a significant impact on the computed seismic hazard for the Japan region.
Sostenibilidad como valor: experiencia de un emprendedor alemán iniciando una empresa en Colombia
Authors: Montenegro Yamile Andrea , Vargas Villamizar Oscar Hernán 
Published: February 2024

La sostenibilidad es un valor que se ha constituido como imperativo en la gestión empresarial, promovido como un elemento necesario en el contexto de competitividad global y una estrategia en el desarrollo de nuevos negocios. En empresas medianas y pequeñas, se encuentra relacionado con los valores y experiencias personales y culturales del líder o emprendedor, que permean la actividad empresarial y en particular la toma de decisiones. El articulo analiza el caso de Prost S.A.S., -una empresa de jugos que inicia en Colombia por jóvenes emprendedores alemanes-, desde la teoría de los mandos superiores, considerando la influencia de los valores personales en la implementación de la sostenibilidad en el negocio. El estudio de caso es de carácter cualitativo y exploratorio, y se realizó a través de una entrevista semiestructurada al fundador de la empresa Prost SAS. Como resultado se evidenció que efectivamente las concepciones o valores personales son transmitidos por los fundadores a la empresa. Sin embargo, existen factores externos que pueden cuestionar el valor de la sostenibilidad como algo positivo en el desarrollo del negocio, o incluso pueden poner en peligro la viabilidad a largo plazo de las pequeñas empresas. Como conclusión la sostenibilidad es un valor que se corresponde con la visión o intención del líder de la empresa, sin embargo, la implementación en procesos en la empresa puede verse afectado por factores externos.
ANALYSIS OF DENTAL MORBIDITY AMONG PRESCHOOL CHILDREN FROM INCOMPLETE AND EXTENDED FAMILIES
Authors: Khadyeva Madina , Galiullin Afgat , Yakimova Julia 
Published: February 2024

Introduction. This article is devoted to the study of the prevalence of dental diseases in preschool children living in incomplete and extended families. In the course of the study, children from both types of families were examined for dental caries and its complications, for non-caries dental diseases. While studying periodontal diseases, were distinguished inflammatory diseases, such as catarrhal and hypertrophic gingivitis, as well as localized periodontitis, when studying diseases of the oral mucosa, we highlighted diseases of the lips, tongue and oral mucosa. When studying dentoalveolarabnomalies, we identified both abnormalities of bite, dental arches and rows, and individual teeth.
The subject of research is dental diseases in preschool children.
The goal of the study is to analyze dental morbidity in children from extended and incomplete families.
Methodology. The study was conducted on the basis of the UniDent network of dental clinics, as well as in the Fairy Tale preschool commercial institution in Kazan and municipal preschool institutions of Tatarstan Republic. A total of 222 children from 217 incomplete families and 213 children from 199 extended families of both sexes participated in the voluntary study. Examination of children included examining the child and talking with parents or guardians, filling out medical records, determining the type of family, filling out an individual card in which identified dental diseases were recorded.
The results of the study indicate a high prevalence of dental diseases among preschool children in TR. The progression of dental diseases is observed with the age of the child. Children from incomplete families are more susceptible to the occurrence and development of dental diseases, compared with children from extended families.
Conclusions. The findings on the disparate prevalence of dental diseases in children from incomplete and extended families suggest the presence of family type influences, which may be useful in planning prevention methods and predicting dental outcomes in children from different family types.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF YTTRIUM CONTAINING ZIRCONIUM DIOXIDE BLOCKS
Authors: Mityushkina Tatiana , Fokina Sofia , Korovushkina Elizaveta , Filippov Konstantin , Meremkulov Roman , Mordanova Anastasia , Mordanov Oleg , Khabadze Zurab 
Published: February 2024

The aim of this review is to determine the positive and negative qualities and properties of zirconium dioxide blocks of different generations, namely 3Y-TZP, 5Y-TZP, 4Y-TZP.
Materials and methods. A systematic literature review in the electronic databases Google Scholar and Pubmed was conducted. The articles whose content was based on mechano-optical and physicochemical properties of zirconium dioxide blocks of 1, 3 and 4 generations and their application in practice were considered.
Results: 57 articles were reviewed during the analysis, of which 47 from Pubmed and 10 from Google Scholar were selected. After selecting the articles according to the criteria, the total number of studies was 27. The studies evaluated the mechanical and optical properties of different generations of zirconia blocks.
Conclusion: The use of yttrium-stabilized zirconium dioxide ceramics of different generations in dental practice provides opportunities to obtain quality results in the fabrication and placement of crowns, dentures, veneers and other prosthetic structures. Speaking about physical, mechanical and optical properties, it should be noted that each generation has different indicators. Specialists should be careful when choosing zirconium dioxide ceramics, as optical properties are not always a decisive factor when selecting a material for fabrication of fixed structures.
DETERMINATION OF PROTHETIC PLANE IN ORTHOPEDIC DENTISTRY CLINIC (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Stafeev Andrey , Hizhuk Aleksandr , Korchagina Maria , Chernevich Alina , Toshkhuzhaeva Aziza 
Published: February 2024

Positioning of the lower jaw in three mutually perpendicular planes – sagittal, frontal and transversal – significantly affects the position of the occlusal plane. Finding the occlusal plane is an important criterion for the success of planning and implementing dentures. The review presents analogue and digital methods for personalized identification and construction of the occlusal plane in the process of dental orthopedic rehabilitation.
Objectives. The goal is to study known methods for constructing a personalized prosthetic plane using analog and digital methods.
Methodology. An analysis of the scientific literature devoted to analog and digital methods for constructing a personalized prosthetic plane for dental orthopedic rehabilitation was carried out.
Results. During orthopedic dental rehabilitation of patients with complete absence of teeth, one of the most important stages in the manufacture of removable dentures is the determination of the prosthetic plane. The quality of prosthetics in both aesthetic and functional aspects will depend on the accuracy of the determination. The shape and position of the occlusal plane depends on many factors: the shape of the head, the type of growth of the facial part of the skull, heredity, race. The scientific literature reflects various methods for orienting the occlusal plane in the facial part of the skull, and the authors used both cephalometric indicators and anatomical structures as reference points.
Conclusions. Determining the prosthetic plane with the help of digital technologies makes it possible to fully achieve a guaranteed and predictable result of the entire treatment, therefore, today they are relevant, and in the future they will become the method of choice.
PREVALENCE OF DENTAL CARIES AND PERIODONTAL DISEASES IN CHILDREN WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Chuykin Sergey , Savelyeva Elena , Snetkova Natalia , AKATYEVA Galina , Makusheva Natal'ya , SNETKOVA Tat`yana , Chuykin Oleg , Egorova Elena , Aflahanova Guzel' 
Published: February 2024

Subject. Deafness, hearing loss are one of the most common sensory pathologies in children. It negatively affects the formation of personality and quality of life. Children with hearing and speech impairments require special medical supervision. It is necessary to develop programs to prevent major dental diseases for deaf children. This requires a comprehensive assessment of the dental status, taking into account age, the severity of the main pathology, and socio-psychological factors that contribute to the development of the formation characteristics of the child’s body.
Purpose. To analyze the prevalence and intensity of dental caries and periodontal diseases in children with hearing impairment according to various literature data.
Methodology. An analysis of publications was carried out using scientific search library databases: PubMed Central, Google, Medline, eLibrary. The selection of materials was based on using keywords. The search included full-text articles. 36 sources were analyzed.
Results. Analysis of the prevalence of dental diseases in children with hearing impairment has not been sufficiently published in Russian-language literary sources.
According to various literature data, there is a high prevalence of caries and periodontal diseases in children with hearing impairment. Some authors compared these indicators with a group of healthy children. Children with hearing and speech impairments have higher rates of prevalence and intensity of caries and periodontal diseases.
Conclusions. The high prevalence of dental diseases in children with hearing impairment is an additional medical and social problem. For this category of the population, it is of great importance for the development of prevention programs.
PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH DISEASES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM BEFORE DENTAL IMPLANTATION SURGERY (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Kazarin Nikita , Amkhadova Malkan 
Published: February 2024

The subject of the study. Dental implantation for patients with cardiovascular diseases is an urgent and important area, but requires special attention from doctors and patients. Cardiovascular diseases can be a risk factor for implant rejection due to the fact that they often have a direct effect on blood flow to tissues. A review of literature sources in the period from 2017 to 2023 showed that there is no common point of view in the scientific community regarding the implementation of implantation in patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease.
Objectives. To study the specifics of preoperative diagnosis in patients with cardiovascular diseases before dental implantation surgery, reflected in the scientific literature.
Methodology. Currently, the article analyzes sources from databases: Pub Med, Cyberleninka, eLibrary, ResearchGate, CohraneOral Health. The search for scientific literature on the problem under consideration was carried out using keywords. The key criteria for reviewing the scientific publications available in the databases were the availability of indications for dental implantation in the studied individuals.
Results. An analysis of the scientific literature on the use of dental implantation in patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system did not reveal a single point of view. The authors agree that patients with cardiac pathology need to hold a consultation with a cardiologist, an anesthesiologist, and a surgeon before elective surgery in order to make a joint decision. At that time, there are different points of view regarding the criteria for assessing the risk and scope of preoperative diagnosis of patients with cardiovascular diseases, there is no systematization and classification of complications, as well as criteria for evaluating the complications of dental implantation surgery in cardiac patients.
Conclusions. It seems advisable to identify criteria that determine the general condition and dental status of patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system, which will allow assessing the possibility of using dental implants for them.
STUDYING THE REMINERALIZATION OF HARD DENTAL TISSUE IN PATIENTS AFTER RADIATION THERAPY ON THE NEWLY FORMED MAXILLOFACIAL AREA USING THE RAMAN FLUORESCENCE METHOD
Authors: Nurieva Natal'ya , Belaykov German 
Published: February 2024

Subject. Mineralization of hard dental tissues and its correction in patients after radiation therapy for malignant neoplasms.
Objectives. To develop a method for remineralization of hard dental tissues in patients after radiation therapy for neoplasms of the maxillofacial area using Raman fluorescence spectroscopy.
Methodology. The study was conducted on a group of people who had previously received radiation therapy for malignant neoplasms of the head and neck, matched by gender and age, who voluntarily agreed to take part in it. The main group consisted of 20 people who underwent the proposed remineralization complex. Comparison group – without using the proposed complex. A study of Raman fluorescence of teeth was carried out using the InSpectrum computer in three areas (neck, equator, incisal edge) in patients before and after correction.
Results. Raman fluorescence diagnostics of the tooth surface made it possible to clearly see the difference in mineralization in digitized indicators. The data for patients in the main group after correction of mineralization (y = 304, x = 963 cm-1) are higher than for patients in the comparison group (y = 287, x = 963 cm-1).
Conclusion. In different areas of the tooth surface, the level of mineralization of hard tissues differs: neck (216 ± 0.019, x = 963 cm-1), equator (389 ± 0.024, x = 963 cm-1), cutting edge (282 ± 0.016, x = 963 cm-1). The Raman fluorescence diagnostic method allows you to monitor changes in mineralization.
The developed method of remineralization of hard dental tissues in patients after radiation therapy for neoplasms of the maxillofacial area using Raman fluorescence spectroscopy makes it possible to influence mineralization and is recommended for further research to prevent the development of radiation caries
RESULTS OF USING COLLAGEN MATRIX IN SOFT TISSUE MANAGEMENT IN THE AREA OF DENTAL IMPLANTS IN THE ANTERIOR REGION OF THE UPPER JAW
Authors: Ashurko Igor , Krylova Daria , Belkin Vladislav , Yatsenko Anna , Tarasenko Svetlana 
Published: February 2024

The aim is to comparatively analyze the using of collagen matrix and free connective tissue graft in soft tissue thickness increase in the area of dental implants in the anterior region of the upper jaw.
Materials and methods. 30 patients with partial absence of teeth and soft tissue thickness deficit in the anterior part of the upper jaw took part in the study. In the 1st group (n = 15) a free connective tissue graft (CTG) from the hard palate was transplanted, in the 2nd group (n = 15) a collagen matrix (CM) was used. The primary endpoint was the amount of soft tissue thickness gain 3 months after surgery. Secondary endpoints were: duration of surgery, severity of collateral edema and pain, amount of analgesic medication consumed, quality of life assessment, width of keratinized attached gingiva, and soft tissue aesthetics.
Results. 3 months after augmentation the increase in soft tissue thickness from the vestibular surface was 0.86 ± 0.25 mm and 0.77 ± 0.26 mm (p = 0.34), from the occlusal surface - 0.46 ± 0.14 mm and 0.37 ± 0.18 mm (p = 0.137) in patients of the 1st and 2nd groups, respectively. The use of CM was characterized by less prolonged surgery (p = 0.002), less pronounced postoperative pain on the 1st and 3rd day (p = 0.007; p = 0.023), less consumption of analgesic drugs on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day (p = 0.014; p = 0.033; p = 0.002) and less reduction of patients' quality of life in the first 7 days after surgery (p = 0.023). When analyzing the "Pink Esthetics Scale" (PES) in patients, group 2 showed more pronounced inconsistencies in the assessment of the zenith level (p < 0.001), less natural soft tissue contour (p < 0.001) and more significant deficit of the alveolar ridge (p < 0.001).
Conclusion. Collagen matrixes make it possible to obtain soft tissue augmentation comparable with the use of CTG, to reduce the time of surgical intervention and to provide a more comfortable postoperative period. The use of autogenous grafts provides better results in terms of soft tissue aesthetics.