bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermally‐Stable Temperature‐Independent Tunneling Magnetoresistance in all van der Waals Fe3GaTe2/GaSe/Fe3GaTe2 Magnetic Tunnel Junctions
Authors: Wu Hao , Yang Li , Zhang Gaojie , Jin Wen , Xiao Bichen , Yu Jie , Annas Ahmed , Zhang Wenfeng , Wang Kaiyou , Chang Haixin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThermal stability is of great significance for the next‐generation two‐dimensional (2D) non‐volatile spintronic devices. Typically, as the temperature increases, the spin polarization of materials decreases rapidly following the Bloch 𝑇3/2 law in low‐temperature regions, resulting in a rapid decrease in the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) of the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). Owing to the thermal effects induced by current during the writing processes, even small temperature fluctuations can result in significant variations in the TMR of MTJs, hindering their practical applications. In this paper, all‐van der Waals Fe3GaTe2/GaSe/Fe3GaTe2 (FGaT/GaSe/FGaT) MTJ devices are constructed, achieving a TMR ratio of 47% at low temperatures and 17% at room temperature. Importantly, the TMR ratio remains stable within a temperature range from 2 to 160 K, breaking the Bloch 𝑇3/2 law. The temperature‐independent TMR is highly related to the enhanced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) with reduced dimensionality is demonstrated. This work paves a promising path to achieve high‐performance, thermally stable 2D spintronic memory chips.
From Single to Multi‐Material 3D Printing of Glass‐Ceramics for Micro‐Optics
Authors: Arriaga‐Dávila Joel , Rosero‐Arias Cristian , Jonker Dirk , Córdova‐Castro Margoth , Zscheile Josua , Kirchner Robert , Aguirre‐Soto Alan , Boyd Robert , De Leon Israel , Gardeniers Han , Susarrey‐Arce Arturo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFeynman's statement, “There is plenty of room at the bottom”, underscores vast potential at the atomic scale, envisioning microscopic machines. Today, this vision extends into 3D space, where thousands of atoms and molecules are volumetrically patterned to create light‐driven technologies. To fully harness their potential, 3D designs must incorporate high‐refractive‐index elements with exceptional mechanical and chemical resilience. The frontier, however, lies in creating spatially patterned micro‐optical architectures in glass and ceramic materials of dissimilar compositions. This multi‐material capability enables novel ways of shaping light, leveraging the interaction between diverse interfaced chemical compositions to push optical boundaries. Specifically, it encompasses both multi‐material integration within the same architectures and the use of different materials for distinct architectural features in an optical system. Integrating fluid handling systems with two‐photon lithography (TPL) provides a promising approach for rapidly prototyping such complex components. This review examines single and multi‐material TPL processes, discussing photoresin customization, essential physico‐chemical conditions, and the need for cross‐scale characterization to assess optical quality. It reflects on challenges in characterizing multi‐scale architectures and outlines advancements in TPL for both single and spatially patterned multi‐material structures. The roadmap provides a bridge between research and industry, emphasizing collaboration and contributions to advancing micro‐optics.
The failure of forward guidance: Lessons from the pandemic recovery
Authors: Hogan Thomas L. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis paper considers the effectiveness of the Federal Reserve's forward guidance in the 2020–2022 recovery from the Coronavirus pandemic. Forward guidance has become a common feature in macroeconomic policy models and a key tool of the Fed's monetary policy. I discuss three strategies for creating effective forward guidance: rules‐based policy, disclosing forecasts or projections, and statements by Fed officials. The Fed instituted some form of each of these strategies during the pandemic recovery. I find, however, that they were implemented in ways that made monetary policy less, rather than more, effective.
Electrochemical Difunctionalization of Alkenes
Authors: Zhang Yin , Zhou Zi‐Long , Li Jin‐Heng , Li Yan‐Tao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOwing to their wide utilizations in synthesis and their products prevalence in numerous natural products, pharmaceuticals and functional materials, the alkene difunctionalization methods for the selective transformations of the olefins are important and have attracted much attention form the synthetic chemists. Among them, the electrochemical alkene difunctionalization reaction is particularly promising and has becoming a potent and sustainable tool for the selective transformations of alkenes into vicinal difunctionalized structures in organic synthesis through simultaneous incorporation of two functional groups. Herein, we summarize recent progress in the electrochemical alkene difunctionalization reactions according to the alkene difunctionalization types as well as the category of the radicals over the past five years. By selecting the remarkable synthetic examples, we have elaborately discussed the substrate scope and the mechanisms for the electrochemical olefin difunctionalization reaction.
Revelation Remix: Using Rapture Novels by Evangelical Movements in England and America in the Early 20th Century
Authors: Ashton Cat 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the 19th century, a hermeneutic innovation called dispensationalism gained popularity among evangelical Christians, particularly in England and the United States. It combined with another strand of belief called premillennialism to remix the Bible into a new and compelling apocalyptic narrative about the sudden disappearance of all Christians, and the seven years of tribulation that nonbelievers could be expected to endure under the tyranny of the Antichrist. This chapter examines the early Rapture novels Joseph Birkbeck Burroughs’ Titan, Son of Saturn (1905), Milton Stine’s The Devil’s Bride: A Present Day Arraignment of Formalism and Doubt in the Church and in Society, in the Light of the Holy Scriptures: Given in the Form of a Pleasing Story (1910), Joshua H. Foster’s The Judgment Day: A Story of the Seven Years of Great Tribulation (1910), and Sydney Watson’s In the Twinkling of an Eye (1910), The Mark of the Beast (1911), and Scarlet and Purple (1913), and their engagement with popular culture. Although Evangelical Movements in England and America had an uneasy relationship with fiction, with some adaptation it could be used to their purposes, and had unique advantages. I examine the works’ handling of contemporary entertainment, anti-Semitism, anxieties about whiteness, and concerns about new, totalizing systems of thought. While some of the critiques aged poorly even in evangelical circles, some of them were more insightful than they receive credit for.
LC–MS/MS quantification of bacterial and fungal signal peptides via direct injection: a case study of cross-kingdom communication
Authors: Pohl Carolin , Schuster Linda , Rau Cindy , Gutbier Uta , Beil Stephan , Börnick Hilmar , Ostermann Kai , Stolte Stefan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Bacteria and yeast use secreted signal peptides, also known as pheromones, for cell–cell communication within their respective species. Recently, genetic modification has allowed for the extension and exploitation of this type of communication, to communication between organisms from different species and even from different kingdoms. This innovative approach is intended to allow for the large-scale production of specific compounds for applications in medicine and biotechnology while producing reduced amounts of by-products. Until now, the detection of signal peptides, which are often short-lived and only present in small amounts, is usually qualitative, non-selective, and time-consuming and/or requires the presence of additional cell types. Here, an ESI-LC–MS/MS method for the specific quantification of signal peptides from yeast (α- and P-factor) and bacteria (CSF) using a TSKgel column operating under HILIC conditions has been demonstrated. The influence of different matrices, their adsorption behavior, and their stability were investigated. In matrix, LOQs of 0.05 µM, 0.03 µM, and 0.02 µM were obtained for CSF, α-factor, and P-factor, respectively. Subsequently, the developed method was applied to the detection of yeast- and bacteria-specific peptides secreted by genetically modified yeasts. It could be demonstrated that under overexpressing conditions, α-factor and P-factor concentrations of 1 µM were measured, while for CSF concentrations as high as 2.5 µM was reached. Finally, the established method permits the simultaneous, quantitative detection of signal peptides in different matrices and without pre-concentration in near-real time, thus advancing the possibility of tracking cross-kingdom communication.

Graphical Abstract
The amplituhedron BCFW triangulation
Authors: Even-Zohar Chaim , Lakrec Tsviqa , Tessler Ran J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The amplituhedron

$\mathcal{A}_{n,k,4}$

A

n
,
k
,
4

is a geometric object, introduced by Arkani-Hamed and Trnka (2013) in the study of scattering amplitudes in quantum field theories. They conjecture that

$\mathcal{A}_{n,k,4}$

A

n
,
k
,
4

admits a decomposition into images of BCFW positroid cells, arising from the Britto–Cachazo–Feng–Witten recurrence (2005). We prove that this conjecture is true.
PSMA antibody, humanized PSMA.CAR10.3, or Cetuximab increases prostate cancer localization of NF-κB p50-deficient immature myeloid cells (p50-IMC) and phagocytosis by their macrophage progeny
Authors: Alzubi Mohammad A. , Barberi Theresa , Friedman Alan D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Adoptive transfer of immature myeloid cells lacking the repressive NF-κB p50 subunit (p50-IMC) slows the growth of syngeneic murine prostate cancer and other tumors. Directing p50-IMC to tumors using Fc receptor-bound antibodies (Abs) or surface chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) may increase tumor localization and subsequent phagocytosis of cancer cells by their mature myeloid progeny, potentiating anti-tumor T cell activation. PSMA and EGFR are found on aggressive human prostate cancers, and p50-IMC express receptors that bind the antibody Fc domain. p50-IMC combined with PSMA Ab, EGFR Ab (Cetuximab), or fully humanized PSMA.CAR10.3 manifest increased localization to Myc-CaP murine prostate cancer tumors expressing PSMA or EGFR. Tumor localization is further increased when myelo-depleting 5-fluorouracil precedes p50-IMC administration. Additionally, we find that PSMA Ab, EGFR Ab, or PSMA.CAR10.3 increase in vitro phagocytosis of Myc-CaP cells expressing PSMA or EGFR by p50-IMC-derived macrophages, including in M2-promoting IL-4, which is a component of the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. Lack of tolerance of human PSMA or EGFR by immune-competent mice and lack of expression of human PSMA protein in the prostate of AR2-Probasin-hPSMA transgenic mice precluded our ability to determine whether human-specific PSMA or EGFR antibody or PSMA.CAR10.3 increases anti-tumor efficacy of murine p50-IMC. Nevertheless, this study indicates the potential clinical utility of adding a tumor-directing antibody or CAR, including the novel, fully humanized PSMA.CAR10.3, to proinflammatory p50-IMC to optimize the activation of anti-tumor immunity in prostate cancer and other malignancies, and understanding PSMA toxicity in normal but not malignant prostate epithelium may reveal a novel therapeutic opportunity.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote pro-tumor functions of neutrophils in pancreatic cancer via IL-8: potential suppression by pirfenidone
Authors: Yagi Tomohiko , Kagawa Shunsuke , Nogi Shohei , Taniguchi Atsuki , Yoshimoto Masashi , Suemori Kanto , Nagai Yasuo , Fujita Shuto , Kuroda Shinji , Kikuchi Satoru , Kakiuchi Yoshihiko , Teraishi Fuminori , Takagi Kosei , Ohara Toshiaki , Tazawa Hiroshi , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The mechanisms by which neutrophils acquire pro-tumor properties remain poorly understood. In pancreatic cancer, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) may interact with neutrophils, directing them to promote tumor progression.

Methods
To validate the association between CAFs and neutrophils, the localization of neutrophils was examined in clinically resected pancreatic cancer specimens. CAFs were produced by culturing in cancer-conditioned media, and the effects of these CAFs on neutrophils were examined. In vitro migration and invasion assays assess the effect of CAF-activated neutrophils on cancer cells. The factors secreted by the activated neutrophils were also explored. Finally, pirfenidone (PFD) was tested to determine whether it could suppress the pro-tumor functions of activated neutrophils.

Results
In pancreatic cancer specimens, neutrophils tended to co-localize with IL-6-positive CAFs. Neutrophils co-cultured with CAFs increased migratory capacity and prolonged life span. CAF-affected neutrophils enhance the migratory and invasive activities of pancreatic cancer cells. IL-8 is the most upregulated cytokine secreted by the neutrophils. PFD suppresses IL-8 secretion from CAF-stimulated neutrophils and mitigates the malignant traits of pancreatic cancer cells.

Conclusion
CAFs activate neutrophils and enhance the malignant phenotype of pancreatic cancer. The interactions between cancer cells, CAFs, and neutrophils can be disrupted by PFD, highlighting a potential therapeutic approach.
Comparison of Hemiarthroplasty, total hip arthroplasty, and internal fixation for hip fractures in patients over eighty years of age: factors affecting mortality: a nationwide cohort study of fifty three thousand, four hundred and ninety five patients from Türkiye
Authors: Uzel Kadir , Birinci Murat , Hakyemez Ömer Serdar , Bostanci Bilal , Bingöl İzzet , Öktem Umut , Ata Naim , Ülgü M. Mahir , Birinci Şuayip , Karatosun Vasfi , Atilla Bülent , Azboy İbrahim 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Hip fractures are a common cause of mortality in elderly patients. This study aimed to determine the predictive factors affecting mortality among patients over the age of 80 who underwent surgical treatment for hip fractures.

Methods
We searched the Turkish Ministry of Health’s e-health database to identify patients over 80 years old who had undergone surgery for proximal femoral fractures from 2016 to 2022. This process yielded 53,495 patients. Demographic data as well as comorbidities, blood transfusions, postoperative 90 days medical complications, and mortality was investigated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for one year mortality in patients undergoing surgical treatment for proximal hip fractures.

Results
The mortality rate was 37.2% in the first year. The mean Charlson comorbidity index(CCI) was 6.8 (range: 4–22). In the postoperative period, 68.6% of the patients received blood transfusions. Logistic regression analysis identified significant predictors of one-year mortality in surgical patients, including male gender, increased age, higher CCI scores, AKI, PE, pneumonia, electrolyte imbalance, gastrointestinal bleeding, blood transfusion, and increased mortality risks with hemiarthroplasty and internal fixation compared to total hip arthroplasty. (p < 0.001 for all).

Conclusions
This large cohort study demonstrated that the mortality rate is high and that the type of surgery, male gender, older age, blood transfusion requirements, and high CCI score are associated with mortality in patients over 80 years of age who have undergone surgery for hip fractures. Preoperative optimization and postoperative care are critical for these vulnerable elderly patients.
Evaluation of intrarenal vein flow patterns during routine echocardiography
Authors: Nagai Tomoo , Horinouchi Hitomi , Hirotsugu Tabata , Ikari Yuji 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
Intrarenal vein flow (IRVF) abnormalities can predict cardiovascular events including heart failure. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of short IRVF scans during routine comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) examinations in a standard TTE laboratory.

Methods
We screened consecutive patients who underwent elective TTE at our Ultrasound Imaging Laboratory between March 2018 and July 2019 and prospectively enrolled those who completed a 5 min IRVF scan during the 30 min TTE procedure.

Results
Among the 2101 screened patients, 1326 were included in the study cohort (age: 73 ± 13 years, 756 men). IRVF abnormalities were detected in 13 (1.0%) patients. Twenty-one cardiac events were observed (1.6%, 21/1326): one myocardial infarction and 20 heart failures. Cumulative survival probability plots were generated using the Kaplan–Meier method within 6 months after the TTE index day and assessed using the log-rank test. The plots revealed significantly worse prognoses in patients with elevated right arterial pressure (RAP) and abnormal IRVF, when compared to normal RAP or normal IEVF (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). In a receiver operating curve analysis to predict the occurrence of cardiovascular events, E/e’ had moderate predictive potential (area under the curve: 0.795, p < 0.0001), and the combination of E/e’ and IRVF abnormality had better predictive potential than did E/e’ alone (p = 0.043).

Conclusion
Although rarely observed on TTE, IRVF abnormalities improve the ability of E/e’ to detect cardiac events, especially heart failure. Further large-scale prospective studies are required to confirm our findings.
The efficacy of antimicrobial therapies in the treatment of mixed biofilms formed between Candida albicans and Porphyromonas gingivalis during epithelial cell infection in the aspiration pneumonia model
Authors: Bras Grazyna , Wronowska Ewelina , Gonzalez-Gonzalez Miriam , Juszczak Magdalena , Surowiec Magdalena , Sidlo Wiktoria , Satala Dorota , Kulig Kamila , Karkowska-Kuleta Justyna , Budziaszek Joanna , Koziel Joanna , Rapala-Kozik Maria 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Aspiration pneumonia is a serious respiratory condition, which is particularly prevalent in patients with dysphagia, neurological disorders, or those undergoing surgical interventions. The formation of multispecies biofilms in the oral cavity, involving the bacterial periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and the opportunistic pathogenic fungus Candida albicans, may also be related to the development of this serious disease, contributing also to the resistance to standard antimicrobial treatment. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of selected antibiotics‒levofloxacin, metronidazole, meropenem, vancomycin‒and antifungal agents‒amphotericin B, caspofungin, and fluconazole‒on these mixed biofilms in the aspiration pneumonia model. While metronidazole and levofloxacin effectively inhibited bacterial viability in the mixed biofilms, lower doses increased release of bacterial proteases. In the conditions of mixed biofilms meropenem and vancomycin showed reduced efficacy, requiring significantly higher doses to achieve similar effect in mixed biofilms as in single bacterial cultures. Treatment with antifungals revealed that amphotericin B significantly impacted fungal cell viability within mixed biofilms, and this effect was enhanced when the antifungal drug was applied in the presence of P. gingivalis. Caspofungin and fluconazole showed variable efficacy, with caspofungin being more effective against C. albicans cells within biofilm.
These findings indicated that due to the mutual microbial protection in the mixed-species biofilm, P. gingivalis retained its virulence despite increasing antibiotic doses. However, no excessive benefit of mixed biofilms was observed for C. albicans in the presence of antifungals, indicating the minor importance of yeasts in aspiration pneumonia development and their protective role for other pathogens in mixed-species infection.

Graphical abstract
Controversies in treating febrile infantile urinary tract infection caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae: an international multi-centre survey
Authors: Wong Sze Wa , Tullus Kjell , Chan Yu Hin Eugene 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
There is a lack of consensus in treating infants with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) urinary tract infection (UTI) who demonstrate good clinical response to initial antibiotics within 48 h.

Methods
We conducted an international survey among paediatric nephrologists and fellows in training using a web-based questionnaire.

Results
A total of 232 centres across 77 countries participated in the survey. Second- or third-generation cephalosporins were the initial antibiotic of choice upon presentation in 63.8% of the centres. If the ESBL-E isolated from urine culture demonstrated in vitro susceptibility, 81.0% of respondents would continue the initial oral antibiotics. In contrast, there was considerable practice variation in the presence of in vitro resistance to the initial oral antibiotic. 19.0% would switch to a carbapenem group antibiotic, while 49.6% would change to a non-carbapenem antibiotic according to the sensitivity profiles. 22.8% would continue initial antibiotics based on satisfactory clinical response. The remaining 8.6% would choose other options. Similar emphasis on in vitro susceptibility result for the treatment was observed among centres who treated patients with intravenous antibiotics at UTI presentation. In the presence of a UTI with an ESBL-E, 50.0% centres would perform additional radiological investigations, and 61.2% would offer antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent further UTIs.

Conclusion
There are significant variations in the management of UTI caused by ESBL-E bacteria between centres. In vitro susceptibility to the antibiotics remains an important management consideration. Antibiotics from the non-carbapenem groups seem to be the preferred option. Further studies are required to identify the optimal treatment regimen in this patient population.

Graphical abstract
Care for patients with cancer and substance use disorders: a qualitative study of oncology team experiences
Authors: Kale Sachin S. , Rush Laura J. , Eramo Jennifer L. , Bitangacha Mireille , Chen Sadie , Check Devon K. , Jones Katie Fitzgerald , Merlin Jessica , McAlearney Ann Scheck 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Clinical decisions surrounding cancer care can be complicated by co-occurring substance use disorders (SUDs), particularly with respect to pain management and cancer treatment safety. Yet, few studies have examined oncology teams’ experiences treating patients with co-occurring cancer and SUDs. We therefore sought to understand the perspectives of oncology team providers regarding the challenges they face when caring for patients with cancer and SUDs.

Methods
We conducted a qualitative study to understand the experiences of clinicians who have provided cancer care to patients with concurrent SUD. Questions about substances used focused mainly on non-prescribed opioids and stimulants. Individual interviews were conducted in March–July 2023 by telephone or videoconference, recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed rigorously using thematic analysis.

Results
Twenty-seven individuals were interviewed (15 physicians, 8 advanced practice providers, 2 registered nurses, and 2 social workers). Specialties included medical oncology, hematology, radiation oncology, and gynecology oncology. We identified four themes representing the challenges oncology teams face when caring for patients with cancer and SUD: (1) patients’ unmet social needs; (2) uncertainty about pain management options; (3) implicit biases about patients with SUDs; and( 4) patients’ active substance use.

Conclusion
Oncology teams face many challenges when caring for patients with cancer and SUDs. Understanding these challenges is critical and can both inform the design of interventions for patients with cancer and SUD and guide future research.