bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory effect of salmosin, a Korean snake venomderived disintegrin, on the integrin αv-mediated proliferation of SK-Mel-2 human melanoma cells
Authors: Chung Kwang-Hoe , Kim Sung-Hoon , Han Kyu-yeon , Sohn Young-Doug , Chang Soo-Ik , Baek Kwang-Hyun , Jang Yangsoo , Kim Doo-Sik , Kang In-Cheol 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
We have investigated the inhibitory effect of salmosin on integrin-mediated human tumour cell proliferation. SK-Mel-2 human melanoma cell adhesion to denatured collagen or vitronectin was found to be significantly and statistically inhibited by salmosin in a dose-dependent manner (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the binding of SK-Mel-2 cells to salmosin-coated plates was specifically disrupted by anti-integrin αv monoclonal antibody at 8αg mL−1, but not by anti-integrin monoclonal antibody. These findings indicated that salmosin inhibited the adhesion of SK-Mel-2 cells to denatured collagen by specifically blocking integrin αv. The proliferation of SK-Mel-2 cells on a denatured collagen-coated plate was statistically and significantly inhibited by salmosin induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner (P &lt; 0.05). Anti-integrin αv monoclonal antibody, anti-integrin αvβ3 monoclonal antibody, and synthetic RGD peptide also suppressed SK-Mel-2 cell proliferation. Several lines of experimental evidence strongly suggested that the inhibition of SK-Mel-2 cell proliferation by salmosin was due to the induction of apoptosis via the blocking of integrin αv-mediated cell survival.
Kinetic studies of the degradation of an aminopenicillin antibiotic (amoxicillin trihydrate) in aqueous solution using heat conduction microcalorimetry
Authors: Chadha R , Kashid N , Jain D V S 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Recent developments in isothermal microcalorimetry allow the direct determination of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for slow reactions from studies conducted at appropriate temperatures and under designated environmental control. The degradation kinetics of amoxicillin trihydrate has been investigated as a function of pH (1–10) and temperature (303.15–318.15 K) at 0.5 M ionic strength using heat conduction microcalorimetry. Equations were developed incorporating calorimetric accessible data, rate constants and change in enthalpy, which showed that the degradation of amoxicillin trihydrate in aqueous solution followed pseudo-first-order kinetics under our experimental conditions. The enthalpy of degradation reaction was found to be exothermic in nature. The values of the rate constant k for individual steps were determined from the values of the overall rate constants at different pH. Energy of activation of overall reaction as a function of pH and for individual rate constants was determined. The log k-pH profiles indicated specific-acid and specific-base catalysis and there were inflection points near pH 3 and pH 7 corresponding to the pKa1 and pKa2 values. Quantitatively, there was good correlation between calorimetric determined half-life (t1/2) and the literature value in the acidic region determined by other methods at 310.15 K. The presence of a β-lactam ring and of an α-amino group in the C-6 side chain played a critical role in the degradation of amoxicillin trihydrate and the zwitterionic form of the drug was found to be more stable.
Metabolites of orally administered Magnolia officinalis extract in rats and man and its antidepressant-like effects in mice
Authors: Nakazawa Takahiro , Yasuda Takaaki , Ohsawa Keisuke 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
As a part of our search for the active metabolite from the bark of Magnolia officinalis (Magnoliaceae), the aqueous extract was orally administered to rats, and metabolites in the urine were analysed by a high-performance liquid chromatograph equipped with a photodiode array detector. When the extract was given to rats, five metabolites (sinapic acid-4-O-sulfate (1), sinapic acid-4-O-β-glucuronide (2), sinapic acid (3), 3-[2′,6-dihydroxy-5′-(2-propenyl)[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl]-(E)-2-propenoic acid (4), and an unchanged form, magnolol (5)) were detected in the urine. It was revealed that metabolites 1–3 and 4 were respectively derived from syringin and magnolol contained in the extract. In a human urine sample, metabolites 3–5 and dihydroxydihydromagnolol (6) were detected. These structures were identified by a combination of spectral methods and/or by comparison with authentic compounds obtained by synthesis. Among these free form metabolites (3–6), acute treatments with magnolol and dihydroxydihydromagnolol (50–100 mg kg−1, i.p.) attenuated the forced swim-induced experimental depression in mice. The results indicated that magnolol and dihydroxydihydromagnolol were the antidepressant constituents of Magnolia officinalis.
Transdermal iontophoresis of insulin. Part 1: A study on the issues associated with the use of platinum electrodes on rat skin
Authors: Pillai Omathanu , Kumar Naresh , Dey Chinmoy Sankar , Borkute Suresh , Nagalingam Sivaprasad , Panchagnula Ramesh 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
We have studied the issues associated with the use of platinum electrodes for transdermal iontophoretic delivery of peptides, using insulin as a model peptide. Insulin permeation was studied using full-thickness rat skin by varying the donor solution pH as a function of electrode polarity. The stability of insulin under the iontophoretic conditions was studied using TLC, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and HPLC. Large pH shifts were observed during anodal iontophoresis (AI), when the donor solution pH was above the isoelectric point of insulin and in cathodal iontophoresis (CI), when the donor solution pH was below the isoelectric point of insulin. The direction and magnitude of electroosmotic flow was influenced by pH of the donor solution and the electrode polarity. On the other hand, the buffer used to maintain the pH governed the contribution of electrorepulsion to the overall transport of insulin. Electrochemical degradation of insulin was significant during Al at pH 7.4. Among the pH investigated, Al of insulin at pH 3.6 and Cl at pH 8.35 were better, as the pH shift was relatively less and electrochemically more stable during iontophoresis as compared with other pH. In summary, the pH shift caused by platinum electrodes had a significant influence on the permeation and stability of insulin.
The potential of chitosan in ocular drug delivery
Authors: Alonso María José , Sánchez Alejandro 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the potential of chitosan-based systems for improving the retention and biodistribution of drugs applied topically onto the eye. Besides its low toxicity and good ocular tolerance, chitosan exhibits favourable biological behaviour, such as bioadhesion- and permeability-enhancing properties, and also interesting physico-chemical characteristics, which make it a unique material for the design of ocular drug delivery vehicles. The review summarizes the techniques for the production of chitosan gels, chitosan-coated colloidal systems and chitosan nanoparticles, and describes their mechanism of action upon contact with the ocular mucosa. The results reported until now have provided evidence of the potential of chitosan gels for enhancing and prolonging the retention of drugs on the eye surface. On the other hand, chitosan-based colloidal systems were found to work as transmucosal drug carriers, either facilitating the transport of drugs to the inner eye (chitosan-coated colloidal systems containing indometacin) or their accumulation into the corneal/conjunctival epithelia (chitosan nanoparticles containing ciclosporin). Finally, the tolerance, toxicity and biodegradation of the carriers under evaluation were reviewed.
Prospect of Activating a Photocatalyst by Sunlight - A Quantum Chemical Study of Isomorphically Substituted Titania
Authors: Nishikawa Tomohiro , Shinohara Yuji , Nakajima Tsuyoshi , Fujita Masaki , Mishima Shozi 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
DV-Xα calculations indicated the possibility of shifting the absorption edge of titania to the sunlight region by isomorphic substituting of a transition metal cation for a titanium ion. Among the cations addressed here, Ni3+ and V5+ reduced the band gap most effectively. The efficiency of the reduction by the substituting cation increased as the radius of the cation decreased.
Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with H2O on Titanium Oxides Prepared within the FSM-16 Mesoporous Zeolite
Authors: Ikeue Keita , Yamashita Hiromi , Anpo Masakazu 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Highly dispersed titanium oxide catalysts have been prepared within the mesoporous cavities of the FSM-16 zeolite (Ti-oxide/FSM-16 catalyst) by a CVD method and utilized for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with H2O to produce CH4 and CH3OH at 328 K. These Ti-oxide/FSM-16 photocatalysts exhibited high reactivity and selectivity for the formation of CH3OH, its reactivity and selectivity showing a good relationship with the photoluminescence yield of the catalyst which can be attributed to the radiative decay from the charge transfer excited state of the tetrahedral coordinated titanium oxides.
H-Gallosilicate-Catalyzed Degradation of Polyethylene into Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Different Types of Reactors
Authors: Uemichi Yoshio , Suzuki Toshihiro 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
A fixed-bed flow reactor, in which melted polyethylene came into contact with H-gallosilicate catalyst, was highly effective in converting the polymer to aromatic hydrocarbons. The yield of aromatics was much lower when the degradation was performed by heating a mixture of the polymer and the catalyst in a batch reactor.
Control Factors of Two Reaction Modes of Pentacoordinate 1,2-Oxasiletanides, the Peterson Reaction and Homo-Brook Rearrangement
Authors: Naganuma Kenji , Kawashima Takayuki , Okazaki Renji 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Thermolyses of pentacoordinate 1,2-oxasiletanides with or without a neopentyl group at the 3-position in the presence of a proton source afforded the corresponding olefin and/or alcohol, indicating that they are the intermediates of both the Peterson reaction and homo-Brook rearrangement which are two possible modes in the reaction of β-hydroxyalkylsilanes with bases.
Oxidation of Phenols Over Mesoporous (Cr)MCM-41 Molecular Sieves
Authors: Mahalingam Rathinam J , Badamali Sushanta K , Selvam Parsuraman 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
The catalytic performance of mesoporous chromium containing MCM-41 molecular sieves was investigated for the oxidation of phenols. The substrate conversion and the product selectivity are remarkably enhanced by ammonium acetate, acetylacetonate treatments of this unique catalyst. In particular, phenol shows excellent results compare to the TS-1 catalyst.
Rapid [1,5] Hydrogen Migration on 7-Alkoxycarbonyltropilidenes under Conformational Regulation
Authors: Sugimura Takashi , Kohno Harumi , Nagano Shinya , Nishida Futoshi , Tai Akira 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
The thermal [1,5] hydrogen migration of 7-alkoxycarbonyltropilidene was found to be accelerated by conformational regulation at the carbonyl group, which was mainly affected to the activation energy. Methyl substitutions on the 3- and 5-positions further increased the migration rate.
An Effective Method for the Preparation of Optically Active Polyoxy 8-Membered Ring Enone Corresponding to the B Ring of Taxol
Authors: Shiina Isamu , Shibata Jun , Imai Yumiko , Ibuka Ryoutarou , Fujisawa Hidehiko , Hachiya Iwao , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
An effective method for the preparation of 8-membered ring enone 1 in sufficient quantities was developed. First, optically active trialkoxyaldehyde 3 was prepared by diastereoselective dihydroxylation of olefin 7 derived from d-pantolactone. Secondly, 8-chloro-7-oxoaldehydes 20α,β were newly synthesized by the following reactions: namely, MgBr2·OEt2-mediated diastereoselective aldol reaction of the aldehyde 3 with ketene (trimethylsilyl) acetal 15, direct 1,1-dichloroethylation of ester 17 with 1,1-dichloroethyllithium, and partial dehalogenation of the resulting α,α-dichloroethyl ketone 18 with nBu3SnH. Lastly, the chiral 8-chloro-7-oxoaldehydes 20α,β were converted to the 8-membered ring enone 1 by SmI2-mediated aldol cyclization.
Surface Transition Kinetics on Synthetic Metallic Diamond
Authors: Ohta Narumi , Nakabayashi Seiichiro , Fujishima Akira 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
On the heavily doped diamond electrode, the reactivity for the copper deposition was changed depending on an electrochemical hysteresis of the surface. On the electrode, which underwent hydrogen or oxygen evolution, though the reduction of Cu2+ proceeded on both, the reduced atom was trapped only on the surface on which the hydrogen was evolved in advance. The time course of this surface transition was investigated.
Oxygen-Carrying Cobaltporphyrin Complexed with Electroconductive Poly(3,4-azopyridylene)
Authors: Ito Fumiaki , Nishide Hiroyuki , Tsuchida Eishun 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Poly(3,4-azopyridylene) was prepared and complexed with picket-fence cobaltporphyrin; the polymer complex displayed both the selective and reversible oxygen-binding and the electroconductivity of 10−5 S cm−1.
Intermolecular Excimer Formation in Dinuclear Metal Complexes
Authors: Yano Yayoi , Hino Kazuyuki , Nakata Risa , Sekiya Hiroshi , Maeda Yonezo 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
In this paper the intramolecular/intermolecular excimer formations of [Fe2(bpmp)(1-pyace)2](BF4)2, [ZnFe(bpmp)(1-pyace)2](ClO4)2 and [Zn2(bpmp)(1-pyace)2]ClO4 which contain 1-pyreneacetic acid as a chromophore are reported. The fluorescent properties of the ZnZn complex offer the intramolecular dimers of the two chromophores in addition to intermolecular dimers due to the intermolecular stacking. The ZnFe and FeFe complexes are under the strong influence of quenching and show weak intramolecular/intermolecular excimer formation in the concentration more than 10−4 M. The emission intensities and intensity ratios (IE/IM) of the fluorescence are dependent on the metal ions.
Fractionation of Boron Isotopes to Bis(2-hydroxyalkyl)amine Borate and Boric Acid in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Hirotsu Takahiro , Sonoda Akinari , Makita Yoji , Kanoh Hirofumi , Takagi Norio , Ooi Kenta , Seno Manabu 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
10B is more fractionated to B(OH)L {H2L: a ligand having a bis(2-hydroxyalkyl)amino group (alkyl: ethyl and propyl)} with a tetrahedral coordination mode than to B(OH)3 with a planar triangular coordination mode in aqueous solutions, exhibiting an isotope separation factor of 1.027 at 25 °C, which is greater than the upper limit of anion exchangers.
Mechano-chemical Preparation of Novel Cellulose-Poly(ethylene glycol) Composite
Authors: Endo Takashi , Kitagawa Ryouichi , Zhang Farao , Hirotsu Takahiro , Hosokawa Jun 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
A new type of cellulose composite was mechano-chemically prepared by ball-milling mixtures of cellulose and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The composites are probably formed by insertion of PEG molecules among cellulose crystalline molecular-chains, and accordingly the compatibilization of cellulose and PEG through the formation of hydrogen-bonds, exhibiting a different mode of orientation of cellulose from that of similar blends from solution systems.
Diastereoselective Aldol Reaction of α-Bromo Ketones with Aliphatic Aldehydes by Using Titanium(II) Chloride and Copper
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Kagayama Akifumi , Igarashi Koji , Shiina Isamu 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Highly diastereoselective aldol reaction of α-bromo ketones with aliphatic aldehydes was successfully carried out by using titanium(II) chloride and copper in dichloromethane at low temperature. Similarly, Reformatsky-type reaction of α-bromo thioester with aliphatic aldehydes was promoted under mild conditions to afford β-hydroxy thioesters in good to moderate yields.
(Polymer/Liquid Crystal) Composite Films with High Electric Charge Holding
Authors: Jeong Hwan-Kyeong , Kikuchi Hirotsugu , Kajiyama Tisato 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
A (polymer/liquid crystal: LC) composite film with a high electric charge holding was prepared by a solvent-induced phase separation method. The (polydiisopropyl fumarate (Pdi-iPF)/TL205 (LC)) composite film sandwiched between two transparent electrodes exhibited highly stable electric charge holding over several hundreds seconds after the electric circuit connecting between the electrodes was opened. Reversible light transmission-light scattering switching upon an open circuit after the application of a pulse electric field and a short one, respectively, was achieved for the (Pdi-iPF/TL205) composite film.
Origin of π-Facial Diastereoselection in Nucleophilic Addition to 1,3-Diheteran-5-ones (Heteroatom = O, S). Theoretical Evidence for the Importance of Ground-State Effects
Authors: Tomoda Shuji , Kaneno Daisuke , Senju Takatoshi 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
The exterior frontier orbital extension model (the EFOE Model) strongly suggested that reversal of π-facial diastereoselection in nucleophilic additions of 1,3-diheteran-5-ones (heteroatom = O or S) may originate from the unique ground-state conformation and the π-facial difference in the LUMO extension around the carbonyl carbon rather than from transition state effects.
5-(1H-Benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-3,4-dihydro-1-methyl 2H-Pyrrolium Hexachloroantimonate (BDMP®): A Highly Efficient Immonium Type Peptide Coupling Reagent
Authors: Li Peng , Xu Jie Cheng 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
HOBt-based immonium type coupling reagent, 5-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-3,4-dihydro-1-methyl 2H-pyrrolium hexachloroantimonate (BDMP) has been designed, synthesized and utilized to synthesize oligopeptides and biologically active peptides both in solution and solid phase with good yield, low racemization and fast reaction rate.
Determination of Critical Aggregation Concentrations of Self-Assembling Lipids in Nonpolar Organic Media Using Spiropyrans as Photochromic Probes
Authors: Hachisako Hiroshi , Nakayama Hiroki , Ihara Hirotaka 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Critical aggregation concentrations of organic gel-forming lipids in nonpolar organic media such as benzene were found to be determined by measuring the first-order rate constants of merocyanine-to-spiropyran thermal isomerizations for spiropyrans added as probes.
The D2d Structure and Easy Rotation around the C=C Bond of the TCNE Dianion
Authors: Uno Bunji , Okumura Noriko 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
The structural and spectral characteristics of the tetracyanoethylene dianion (TCNE2−) have been investigated. The two-electron addition to the untibonding LUMO of TCNE causes the easy rotation around the C=C bond characterized by the formal single bond. The spectral measurements and MO calculations gives results that TCNE2− preferentially adopts the D2d and D2h structures in CH3CN and CH2Cl2, respectively.
Water Soluble Silver Nanoparticles Functionalized with Thiolate
Authors: Chen Sihai , Kimura Keisaku 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Stable carboxylate-functionalized silver nanoparticles (1.4 - 5.7 nm in diameter) which can be separated as pure water-redispersible powder are synthesized by the reduction of silver nitrate with sodium borohydride in the presence of mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) in methanol. The results show that the particle sizes can be controlled through varying the initial molar ratio of MSA to AgNO3. MSA exists in the form of sodium carboxylate and adsorbs H2O molecules on the particle surface.
Micelle-Templated Mesophases of Phenol-Formaldehyde Polymer
Authors: Moriguchi Isamu , Ozono Akemi , Mikuriya Kumiko , Teraoka Yasutake , Kagawa Shuichi , Kodama Masaya 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Phenol-formaldehyde polymers and surfactant assembly was structuralized into lamella and disordered mesophases depending on the surfactant/phenol molar ratio at the synthesis.
A Convenient Preparative Method of Dibromoterphenyl and Bis(bromophenyl)diene Monomers Using Zirconacyclopentadienes
Authors: Takahashi Tamotsu , Tsai Fu-Yu , Li Yanzhong 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Zirconacyclopentadienes prepared from 4,4′-dibromodiphenyldiynes or 1-(4′-bromophenyl)-1-alkynes reacted with dimethylacetylene dicarboxylate in the presence of CuCl afforded polyphenylene monomers which contain three benzene rings. Hydrolysis, chlorination with NCS, or allylation of the zirconacyclopentadienes gave a variety of polyphenylenedienylene monomers. Polymerization of these monomers using the system NiCl2(PPh3)2 (cat.)/Zn produced the corresponding polymers.
LaMnO3 Fine Powder Prepared by the Thermal Decomposition of a Heteronuclear Complex, LaMn(dhbaen)(OH)(NO3)(H2O)4
Authors: Aono Hiromichi , Tsuzaki Miyoko , Kawaura Akihiro , Sakamoto Masatomi , Traversa Enrico , Sadaoka Yoshihiko 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
The heteronuclear LaMn(dhbaen)(OH)(NO3)(H2O)4 complex was synthesized and perovskite-type hexagonal LaMnO3 was obtained by its thermal decomposition at 700 °C. Particle size of the samples decomposed at 600 °C and 700 °C is ca. 20 nm and 50 nm, respectively.
Appearance of the Induced Smectic A Phase in the Binary System between Two Troponoid Twins with the Opposite Dipole Moment
Authors: Takemoto Manabu , Mori Akira , Ujiie Seiji 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
A new troponoid twin system, in which two tropone carbonyl groups direct outside, was prepared, but they were not mesogenic. The binary system between the new twins and the troponoid twins with the two tropone carbonyl groups directed inside, which had a monotropic smectic C phase, showed an induced enantiotropic smectic A phase. From the X-ray diffraction study of the binary systems, a molecular packing model perpendicular to the lamellar planes was proposed, in which the dipole moments of tropone rings were canceled.
Production of Hydrogen through Decomposition of Methane with Ni-supported Catalysts
Authors: Otsuka Kiyoshi , Seino Takeshi , Kobayashi Shoji , Takenaka Sakae 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Active and selective Ni-based catalysts for the production of hydrogen through the decomposition of methane were looked for. The most active catalyst having the longest life time was a nickel catalyst supported on Cab-O-Sil. Approximately 1200 carbon atoms per a nickel atom deposited on the Ni(5 wt%)/Cab-O-Sil catalyst at 793 K before a complete deactivation was observed.
Determination of Absolute Configurations of Tertiary Alcohols by NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Takahashi Haruko , Kato Naoko , Iwashima Makoto , Iguchi Kazuo 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
A method has been developed for determining the absolute configurations of acyclic tertiary alcohols using their 2NMA [methoxy-(2-naphthyl)acetic acid] esters. The 1H NMR spectra of (R)- and (S)-2NMA esters of model compounds were measured, and Δδ values (δR-ester − δS-ester) were calculated. The absolute configuration for tertiary hydroxy group is determined based on the sign of Δδ values like that for secondary hydroxy group.
X-Ray Crystal Structure and Dynamic Behavior of Pentafluoro-9,10-disila-9,10-dihydroanthracene Anion Salts Having Transannular 1,4-Fluorine Bridge
Authors: Kira Mitsuo , Kwon Eunsang , Kabuto Chizuko , Sakamoto Kenkichi 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Potasium-18-crown-6 and tetraethylammonium ion salts of pentafluoro-9,10-disila-9,10-dihydroanthracene anion (5a and 5b) have an unsymmetrical transannular 1,4-fluorine bridge in the solid states. In solution, 5a and 5b show a facile intramolecular fluorine exchange.