bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of β‐Amino Acids: 2‐(1H‐Benzotriazol‐1‐yl)‐1,1,3,3‐tetramethyluronium Tetrafluoroborate(TBTU) for Activation of Fmoc‐/Boc‐/Z‐α‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Patil Basanagoud S. , Vasanthakumar Ganga‐Ramu , Suresh Babu V. V. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
De Novo Synthesis of Two New Cytotoxic Tiazofurin Analogues with Modified Sugar Moieties.
Authors: Popsavin Mirjana , Torovic Ljilja , Kojic Vesna , Bogdanovic Gordana , Spaic Sasa , Popsavin Velimir 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Side Chain Substituted 3‐Butylisocoumarins and Absolute Configurations of Natural Isocoumarins from Artemisia dracunculus.
Authors: Lutz‐Kutschera Gerda , Engelmeier Doris , Hadacek Franz , Werner Andreas , Greger Harald , Hofer Otmar 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Diketopiperazines from the Entomopathogenic Fungus Verticillium hemipterigenum BCC 1449
Authors: Nilanonta Chongdee , Isaka Masahiko , Kittakoop Prasat , Saenboonrueng Junya , Rukachaisirikul Vatcharin , Kongsaeree Palangpon , Thebtaranonth Yodhathai 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Isolation and Online LC/CD Analysis of 3,8′′‐Linked Biflavonoids from Gnidia involucrata.
Authors: Ferrari Julien , Terreaux Christian , Kurtan Tibor , Szikszai‐Kiss Attila , Antus Sandor , Msonthi Jerome D. , Hostettmann Kurt 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enolboration of Conjugated Ketones and Synthesis of β‐Amino Alcohols and Boronated α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Zaidlewicz M. , Sokol W. , Wolan A. , Cytarska J. , Tafelska‐Kaczmarek A. , Dzielendziak A. , Prewysz‐Kwinto A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Early prediction of tumor recurrence after curative resection of gastric carcinoma by measuring soluble E‐cadherin
Authors: Chan Annie On On , Chu Kent‐Man , Lam Shiu Kum , Cheung Kwan Lok , Law Simon , Kwok Ka‐Fai , Wong Wai Man , Yuen Man Fung , Wong Benjamin Chun‐Yu 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDCurrently, to the authors' knowledge, there is no serum marker to predict disease recurrence after patients undergo curative resection for gastric carcinoma. Previous reports have indicated that serum levels of soluble E‐cadherin had prognostic value in these patients. The objective of the current study was to determine whether soluble E‐cadherin levels could predict disease recurrence in patients with gastric carcinoma who underwent curative surgery.METHODSSixty‐nine patients who underwent curative surgery for gastric carcinoma after December 1997 were followed prospectively. Venous blood samples were collected preoperatively, 1 month after surgery, and every 3 months thereafter. The blood samples were assayed for soluble E‐cadherin and for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) using commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to define a cut‐off level of E‐cadherin for the optimal sensitivity and specificity for predicting disease recurrence.RESULTSThe median follow‐up was 21 months for patients with recurrent disease (n = 17 patients) and 36 months for patients without recurrent disease (n = 52 patients; P = 0.007). The optimal cut‐off level of E‐cadherin was 10,000 ng/mL. The sensitivity for predicting prediction disease recurrence using this cut‐off level at 3 months and at 6 months postsurgery was 47% and 59% respectively, which was significantly better compared with the sensitivity of CEA using the conventional cut‐off level (6% at 3 months postsurgery and 6% at 6 months postsurgery; P = 0.004 and P < 0.0001, respectively). The median time between the elevated E‐cadherin level and documented disease recurrence was 13 months (range, 3–20 months), compared with 4 months (range, 1–20 months) for CEA.CONCLUSIONSSerum soluble E‐cadherin was a good marker for predicting disease recurrence in the first 3–6 months after surgery, with a median of 13 months before clinical recurrence. The use of this marker may allow time for vigilant surveillance and consideration of adjuvant therapy. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Applicability of a noncooled video‐rated CCD camera for detection of fluorescence in situ hybridization signals
Authors: Vrolijk J. , Sloos W. C. R. , Verwoerd N. P. , Tanke H. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCooled CCD cameras provide good sensitivity and linearity with a high dynamic range and are therefore well suited for quantification of fluorescence in situ hybridization signals. However, for a fraction of the cost, conventional noncooled, video‐rated CCD cameras can also be applied for most applications in the field of fluorescence in situ hybridization, provided that they allow for longer integration times. This paper describes the use of the Sony camera, model XC‐77RR‐CE, for this purpose. Tests were carried out to compare the dark current, linearity, and signal‐to‐noise ratio of this camera with a Photometrics cooled CCD camera model KAF 1400, and the suitability for quantitative measurements was investigated on a model system of fluorescent beads. It is shown that if the dark current of the video‐rated camera is internally corrected, integration times of up to 30 s can be used; under such conditions good linearity is maintained. The camera was found suitable for the detection of in situ hybridization spots in interphase nuclei using centromere‐specific probes. The fast readout rate of the camera offers interesting facilities for quickly locating objects with relatively strong fluorescence, such as counterstained metaphases. The less intense probe signals may then be analyzed at higher magnification. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of sensitivity in DNA aneuploidy detection using a mathematical model
Authors: Benson Neal A. , Braylan Raul C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDetection of DNA aneuploid populations in samples analyzed by flow cytometry generally requires recognition of more than a single G0/G1 peak on the resulting DNA histogram. This assessment is critical in clinical samples if diagnosis or subsequent patient treatment are influenced. In this paper we evaluate three major distribution parameters that contribute to recognition or obscuration of closely spaced peaks on a DNA histogram. These parameters are (1) coefficient of variation (CV), (2) proportion of cells within each peak, and (3) separation of peaks (DNA, index, DI). Through the analysis of computer‐synthesized DNA histograms, we produced a single chart illustrating the minimum CV required for two peaks (representing DNA diploid and DNA aneuploid cells) in mixtures of various proportions (1:99 to 99:1) and DI values (1.01 to 1.20) to be resolved. This information can be utilized to provide insight into the ability of flow cytometry to resolve a DNA aneuploid population in a histogram. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Light scatter based lymphocyte gate–helpful tool or source of error?
Authors: Krömer Elisabeth , Grossmüller Friedrich 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDuring flow cytometric analysis of 29 samples of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we observed that a light scatter‐based lymphocyte gate would fail to cover all TCR (CD3)‐expressing cells. A mean of 7.9 ± 5.3% of all CD3+ cells was found outside the gate. In addition, this shifted cell subset showed an altered CD4/CD8 ratio (8.1 ± 5.0% of all CD4+ and 13.7 ± 5.8% of all CD8+ cells). The use of standard light scatter‐based lymphocyte gates in acquisition and/or analysis of flow cytometry (FCM) data may thus lead to erroneous results, particularly if T cells are to be studied. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous measurement of two cellular antigens and DNA using fluorescein‐isothiocyanate, R‐phycoerythrin, and propidium iodide on a standard FACScan
Authors: Corver Willem E. , Cornelisse Cees J. , Fleuren Gert Jan 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMultiparameter flow cytometry is a powerful tool for analyzing the phenotypic, cell kinetic, and ploidy heterogeneity of tumor cell populations. Because of the substantial spectral overlap of propidium iodide (PI) and R‐phycoerythrin (PE) fluorescence emission, this combined use of these fluorochromes has been thought not to be feasible on a standard flow cytometer for these kind of studies. Instead of PI, 7‐amino‐actinomycin D (7‐AAD) is used as DNA stain. In this paper however, we show that PI can be used as a DNA stain in combination with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and R‐phycoerythrin (PE) on a standard FACScan. Three established ovarian cancer cell lines (IGROV1, NIH: OVCAR‐3, and COV362. c14) were used for these experiments. Cells were fixed with 1.0% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized, with various concentrations of lysolecithin for the simultaneous detection of surface antigens by monoclonal antibodies MOv18, BMA180 or OV632, intermediate filament antigens (keratin 18 or vimentin), and DNA. A final concentration of 80 μg/ml lysolecithin was found to give optimal results. The emission spectrum overlap from PI into the orange fluorescence channel (FL2) used for PE fluorescence detection could be sufficiently compensated up to a photomultiplier tube potential of about 440 Volts (V) required at the FL2 channel. Using the same instrument settings, 5.10×104 PE equivalents were detectable. Under these conditions, CVs obtained for the DNA histograms ranged from 3.0–4.1. Application of the method on a mixture of activated peripheral blood lymphocytes and ovarian tumor cells resulted in a clear separation of the two populations both by surface and cytoplasmic antigen expression and DNA content. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell membrane changes induced by the cytolytic peptide, melittin, are detectable by 90° laser scatter
Authors: Weston Kathryn M. , Alsalami Mohammed , Raison Robert L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe 90° light scatter parameter of the flow cytometer was used to observe changes in the membrane of human lymphoblastoid cells (HMy2) as a result of the action of the cytolytic peptide, melittin. There was a rapid and concentrationdependent Increase in 90° light scatter after incubation of the cells with melittin, with the level of 90° light scatter reaching a maximum after 2 min. Even after all the cells were killed, as determined by ethidium bromide incorporation, the 90° light scatter continued to increase. Further, the 90° light scatter changes were temperature dependent. The data are consistent with the formation of lipid vesicles, either attached to the cell membrane or intracellular, as confirmed by electron microscopy of cells treated with melittin. The results demonstrate the use of the flow cytometer to detect changes in the integrity of the cell membrane. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrochloric acid denaturation of colorectal tumour tissue infiltrated with bromodeoxyuridine
Authors: Williamson Kate , Gilliland Robert , Weir Helen , Grimes John , Hamilton Peter , Anderson Neil , Crockard Alistair , Rowlands Brian 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe thymidine analogue, bromodeoxyuridine, is substituted into DNA during DNA synthesis and can be used to identify those cells which have passed through the S‐phase of the cell cycle. Incorporated bromodeoxyuridine can be detected using anti‐bromodeoxyuridine monoclonal antibodies which bind to the exposed bromodeoxyuridine in singlestranded DNA after a suitable denaturation step. Hydrochloric acid is the most commonly employed denaturation agent in bromodeoxyundine monoclonal antibody methodologies. This preliminary study was to validate the hydrochloric acid denaturation step for colorectal tumour tissue infiltrated in vivo with bromodeoxyuridine. Standard immunohistochemistry and flow cytometric techniques using Bu20a were employed across a range of hydrochloric acid concentrations. Although high labelling indices were achieved using acid concentrations of 0. 10 M HCl, the optimal hydrochloric acid concentration was not the same in all tumours. Sensitivity of DNA to hydrochloric acid denaturation should be carefully considered in bromodeoxyuridine methodologies using the monoclonal antibody Bu20a. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of apoptosis‐associated DNA strand breaks in fine‐needle aspiration biopsies by in situ end labeling of fragmented DNA
Authors: Gorczyca Wojciech , Tuziak Tomasz , Kram Andrzej , Melamed Myron R. , Darzynkiewicz Zbigniew 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe predominant mode of either spontaneous or drug‐induced death of cells in tumors is apoptosis. A flow cytometric method was developed in our laboratory to identify apoptotic cells, based on labeling DNA strand breaks, which appear as a result of extensive DNA cleavage by the apoptosis‐associated endonuclease, with biotinylated dUTP in the reaction catalyzed by exogenous terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. The aim of this study was to reveal whether this methodology can be applied to human solid tumors sampled by fine‐needle biopsy. Twentytwo tumors, consisting of 11 breast carcinomas; three metastatic anaplastic carcinomas; three adenocarcinomas of colon, endometrium, and lung; two metastatic lymphnode squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx; and three malignant lymphomas were examined. It was possible to identify cells with DNA strand breaks in all these tumors Extremely high variability in the proportion of cells with DNA strand breaks Was observed between the individual tumors. In diploid tumors (n=12) the percentage of cells with DNA strand breaks varied from 1% to 43%, and the mean value, was 19%. In aneuploid tumors this percentage varied from 15% to 51% and the mean value was 37%. In the latter tumors the presence of cells with DNA strand breaks was limited to the DNA aneuploid cell population; very few diploid, presumably tumor infiltrating or stromal cells, showed the presence of DNA strand breaks. No correlation was observed between the percent of cells in S phase and those with DNA strand breaks. The data indicate that apoptosis is more frequent in populations of tumor cells than among normal cells of the same organs. The higher percent of cells with DNA strand breaks compared to the percent of cells with morphology typical of apoptosis suggests that the early phase of apoptosis, characterized by the appearance of DNA strand breaks, which precedes morphological changes (chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation), may be very long in individual cells of the tumors studied. The present method may by applicable to estimate DNA strand breaks in solid tumors, either during spontaneous apoptosis or during apoptosis induced by chemo or radiotherapy, to evaluate tumor cell response early during treatment. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High resolution mapping of overlapping cosmids by fluorescence in situ hybridization
Authors: Houseal Timothy W. , Dackowski William R. , Landes Gregory M. , Klinger Katherine W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe constituents of two cosmid contigs were analyzed by high resolution mapping using two‐color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to extended DNA molecules. Samples were prepared by lysing the nuclei in situ followed by his tone depletion. This treatment results in elongate DNA filaments appropriate for high resolution mapping. The hybridization signals appeared as a strong of fluorescent spots separated by non‐fluorescing gaps. Probe‐specific features of the hybridization patterns were detected and some of the non‐fluorescing gaps were found to represent regions of repetitive DNA suppressed during hybridization. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of exocytosis in electropermeabilized neutrophils by flow cytometric analysis: Difference in sensitivity to calcium and guanosine‐5′‐[γ‐thio]triphosphate
Authors: Boonen Ger J. J. C. , de Koster Ben M. , van der Keur Maarten , Vansteveninck John , Tanke Hans J. , Elferink Jan G. R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWhen rabbit neutrophils were subjected to two electrical discharges of 4.75 kV/cm, the cells became permeable to propidium iodide. Measurement of propidium iodide fluorescence using flow cytometry showed that all cells in the suspension were permeabilized. The cells remained permeable for ≥ 20 min when the cells were stored at 0°C. When exocytosis was induced by Ca2+alone, the orthogonal light scatter (a sensitive parameter for cell granularity) of the complete population changed depending on the concentration. All the cells were equally sensitive to Ca2+and showed a similar degree of exocytosis at the same time. In the presence of a fixed concentration of Ca2+and a variable concentration of guanosine‐5′‐[v‐thio]triphosphate (GTPγS), a division of the cell population was observed in the orthogonal light scatter histogram. At low GTP‐γS concentrations, a part of the population showed complete exocytosis and a part of the population showed almost no exocytosis. With increasing GTP‐γS concentrations, the light scatter pattern of the population changed indicating that the cells were gradually sensitive to GTP‐γS. Electropermeabilized neutrophils showed an equal sensitivity to Ca2+and a graded sensitivity to GTP‐γS. Flow cytometry is considered as an ideal tool to study such an effect on a cell‐to‐cell basis. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neural network analysis of flow cytometric data for 40 marine phytoplankton species
Authors: Boddy Lynne , Morris C. W. , Wilkins M. F. , Tarran G. A. , Burkill P. H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFlow cytometry data (time of flight, horizontal and, vertical forward light scatter, 90° light scatter, and “red” and “orange” integral fluorescence) were collected for laboratory cultures of 40 species of marine phytoplankton, from the following taxonomic classes, the Dinophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Prymnesiophyceae, Cryptophyceae, and other flagellates. Single‐hidden‐layer “back‐propagation” neural networks were trained to discriminate between species by recognising patterns in their flow cytometric signatures, and network performance Was assessed using an independent test data set. Two approaches were adopted employing: (1) a hierarchy of small networks, the first identifying to which major taxonomic group a cell belonged, and then a network for that tax‐onomic group identified to species, and (2) a single large network. Discriminating some of the major taxonomic groups was successful but others less so. With networks for specific groups, cryptophyte species were all identified reliably (probability of correct classification always being ≥ 0.75); in the other groups half of the species were identified reliably. With the large network, dinoflagellates, cryptomonads, and flagellates were identified almost as well as by networks specific for these groups. The application of neural computing techniques to identification of such a large number of species represents a significant advance from earlier studies, although further development is required. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of the number of positive cells from flow cytometric immunoassays by mathematical modeling of cellular autofluorescence
Authors: Lampariello Francesco 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA method, for automated evaluation of the percentage of positive cells from flow cytometric, immunofluorescence histograms is presented. The method is based on a suitable mathematical representation of cellular autofluorescence distribution which is used to identify the negative cell distribution in the test histogram. An algorithm is developed and implemented in a computer program that quantifies the positive cells from the routinely available control and test histograms. Its accuracy is compared to that of the other currently used automated methods of analysis on the basis of a set of histograms with overlapping distributions and with known percentages of positive cells, generated by artificial mixing of real data. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of the viability of trichomonas vaginalis using flow cytometry
Authors: Humphreys Michelle J. , Allman Richard , Lloyd David 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn clinical laboratories, viability of Trichomonas vaginalis is determined by using light microscopy (differential count of motile to nonmotileorganisms). Alternative methods are proposed that utilise flow cytometry. Under an epifluorescence microscope, live organisms fluoresce intensely green with fluorescein diacetate (FDA), whereas dead cells fluoresce orange with propidium iodide (PI). Flow cytometric histograms of green versus red fluorescence reveal distinct populations for live and dead cells. The anionic oxonal probe DiBAC4(3) is a membrane potential sensitive dye that distributes between the inside of the cell and the medium. Live organisms are less fluorescent than dead organisms when stained with the oxonol probe. Valinomy: cin, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and vana‐date all give significant changes in the fluorescence intensities of cultures stained with the oxonol probe compared with control cultures, indicating that this probe is detecting changes in plasma membrane potential. Both FDA/PI and oxonol staining protocols allow good discrimination between populations and permit counts that are more statistically significant than those obtained by light microscopy. These methods remove the subjectiveness of microscopic counts and would increase the accuracy of susceptibility assays. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of ceroid accumulation in macrophages by flow cytometry
Authors: Hunt J. V. , Bottoms M. A. , Skamarauskas J. , Carter N. P. , Mitchinson M. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe accumulation in macrophages of ceroid, an sutofluorescent polymer composed of oxidised protein and lipid, can be monitored seiniquantitatively by staining techniques. However, such methods are crude and give little infor mation about the amount of ceroid within cells. Flow cytometry, however, can give a quantitative assessment of cellular ceroid accumulation in vitro. Recently, flow cytometry was explored as a method for measurement of the accumulation in macrophages of ceroid. The accumulation appeared to be diminished in the presence of the antioxidant, α‐tocopherol. This is consistent with the role of lipoprotein oxidation in ceroid accumulation. Here the optimum wavelengths of emission and excitation, using both conventional fluorescence spectroscopy of cellular ceroid and w cytometric measurements with a number of optical filters, are determined. The use of optimal wavelengths determined in these studies enhances overall sensitivity. The findings are discussed in the context of future investigation of cell‐mediated lipid oxidation and its potential antagonists. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.