bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do people with dementia benefit from psychological interventions offered on a group basis?
Authors: Scott Julie , Clare Linda 
Published: May 2003

AbstractPsychological interventions, whether directed at cognitive functioning or emotional expression, are frequently offered on a group basis to people with dementia. This paper aims to review the range of therapies offered and to evaluate the evidence for their effectiveness. Four categories of group therapy are identified: early approaches to enhancing well‐being (reality orientation, validation and reminiscence); methods aimed at improving memory and cognition (cognitive stimulation and memory training); psychotherapy; and support. Although the review demonstrates the wide range of group work offered, and the creativity of practitioners in this area, relatively little formal evaluation has been undertaken. It is therefore difficult to reach firm conclusions regarding evidence for efficacy. There is a need for more research, and future evaluations should pay increased attention to the selection of appropriate methodologies and outcome measures, the question of clinical relevance and the issue of individual differences in response to intervention. In addition, it will be important to enable people with dementia and their family members to play a role in determining what interventions are relevant and acceptable, and what outcomes are desirable. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Difficult behaviour and dementia in nursing homes: five cases of psychosocial intervention
Authors: Moniz‐Cook Esme , Stokes Graham , Agar Sharon 
Published: May 2003

AbstractPsychosocial interventions in five people, who presented with uncooperative and difficult behaviour at mealtimes and during assistance with self‐care tasks, are described. In four cases, a single case experimental design was used. The results are discussed in the context of ‘rementia’ and a broadly defined functional analytic perspective to assessment and intervention. In contrast to the standard neurogenic‐disease paradigm, a person‐centred holistic model of dementia is proposed for the understanding and amelioration of distress in people with dementia who are seen as difficult or ‘challenging’. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of the KOSSEL and the X‐ray Rotation‐Tilt Technique
Authors: Bauch J. , Ullrich H.‐J. , Böhling M. , Reiche D. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThere are world‐wide efforts to analyse micron regions of compact samples by means of X‐ray diffraction (“X‐ray Microdiffraction”). Two micro diffraction procedures, the KOSSEL technique excited by electron or synchrotron radiation beams and the new X‐ray Rotation‐Tilt Method (XRT), are compared to show their possibilities and limitations. Some selected examples of new applications are presented.
X‐ray structural phase analysis of CdTe semiconductor annealed in air
Authors: Heiba Z. K. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractX‐ray structural phase analysis of CdTe semiconductor, thermally annealed in air at temperature range 373‐773 K and annealing time 24 hrs, is investigated applying Rietveld method. The results showed that at low temperatures < 523 K, oxygen diffuses into the (1/21/21/2) interstitial sites of the CdTe lattice and its relative occupancy increases with the annealing temperature. For higher temperatures ≥ 523 K, the thermally grown oxide CdTeO3 phase is developed on expense of CdTe phase. The percentage phase abundance of each phase is determined at each temperature applying a standardless method. The rate of oxidation with temperature is found to be non‐linear.
Transient and quasi‐stationary simulation of heat and mass transfer in Czochralski silicon crystal growth
Authors: Voigt A. , Weichmann C. , Nitschkowski J. , Dornberger E. , Hölz R. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe formation of grown‐in defects in silicon crystals is controlled by the concentration of intrinsic point defects. Under steady state conditions the type of the prevailing point defect species is linked to the ratio of pull rate and temperature gradient in the crystal at the solidification front. It has been shown that this ratio as well as computed point defect distributions are in good agreement with experimental data. In this paper we compare a coupled transient heat transfer and transient point defect transport model with quasi steady state simulations at various time steps. Both simulations show the same qualitative results, quantitative differences in temperature are less than 1 %. But already for constant pull rates the defect distributions show qualitative differences between transient and quasi steady state simulations. Therefore, for a detailed understanding how defects are related to growth conditions, the thermal history should not be neglected.
Modeling analysis of liquid encapsulated Czochralski growth of GaAs and InP crystals
Authors: Yakovlev E. V. , Kalaev V. V. , Bystrova E. N. , Smirnova O. V. , Makarov Yu. N. , Frank‐Rotsch Ch. , Neubert M. , Rudolph P. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe results of three‐dimensional unsteady modeling of melt turbulent convection with prediction of the crystallization front geometry in liquid encapsulated Czochralski growth of InP bulk crystals and vapor pressure controlled Czochralski growth of GaAs bulk crystals are presented. The three‐dimensional model is combined with axisymmetric calculations of heat and mass transfer in the entire furnace. A comprehensive numerical analysis using various two‐dimensional steady and three‐dimensional unsteady models is also performed to explore their possibilities in predicting the melt/crystal interface geometry. The results obtained with different numerical approaches are analyzed and compared with available experimental data. It has been found that three‐dimensional unsteady consideration of heat and mass transfer in the crystallization zone provides a good reproduction of the solidification front geometry for both GaAs and InP crystal growth.
Depressive symptoms and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a US sample
Authors: Saydah Sharon H. , Brancati Frederick L. , Golden Sherita Hill , Fradkin Judith , Harris Maureen I. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractObjectiveThere is some evidence to suggest that individuals with depression are at an almost twofold increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, but results are far from conclusive. Therefore, to determine if depressive symptoms increased the risk of type 2 diabetes, we conducted longitudinal analyses using data from the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow‐up Survey (NHEFS).Research design and methodsParticipants included individuals who were white or African‐American, did not report previous diagnosis of diabetes, and who completed the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES‐D) questionnaire in the 1982–1984 study (n = 8870). Participants were followed up for incident‐diagnosed diabetes through 1992 (mean follow‐up 9.0 years).ResultsThere were 1444 (15.9%) participants with high depressive symptoms in the 1982–1984 study (CES‐D scoren ≥ 16). During follow‐up, there were 465 incident cases of diabetes. Incidence of diabetes was 6.9/1000 person years among those with high depressive symptoms, 6.0/1000 person years among those with moderate symptoms, and 5.0/1000 person years among those with no symptoms. After adjusting for age, sex, and race, the relative hazard (RH) of diabetes among those with high depressive symptoms was 1.27 (95% CI: 0.93 to 1.73) compared to those without symptoms. Further adjustment for education and known diabetes risk factors (body mass index and physical activity) further attenuated the relationship (RH 1.11, 95% CI: 0.79 to 1.56).ConclusionsThere was no increased incidence of diabetes for those with high or moderate depressive symptoms compared to those with no depressive symptoms. These results do not support the etiologic relationship of depression predisposing individuals to diabetes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minalrestat and leukocyte migration in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Cruz J. W. C. M. , Soto‐Suazo M. W. , Hohman T. C. , Akamine E. H. , Zorn T. T. , Fortes Z. B. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackgroundWe recently demonstrated that aldose reductase inhibition was effective in restoring the reduced migratory capacity of leukocytes in diabetic rats. To investigate the mechanism(s) involved in the restoring effect, we used minalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor.MethodsIn sodium pentobarbital–anesthetized (40 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) alloxan‐diabetic or galactosemic male Wistar rats, the internal spermatic fascia was exteriorized, and the number of leukocytes rolling along the venular endothelium and the number of leukocytes sticking to the vascular wall after topical application of zymosan‐activated plasma or leukotriene B4 (1 ng/ml), as well as after the application of a local irritant stimulus (carrageenan, 100 µg), were determined using intravital microscopy. Data from animals that were treated with and those that were not treated with minalrestat (10 mg/kg/d by gavage) were compared.ResultsThe reduced number of leukocytes rolling along the venular endothelium (by about 70%) and the number of adhered and migrated leukocytes in postcapillary venules (by 60%) were significantly restored to control values after minalrestat treatment. Total or differential leukocyte counts, venular blood flow velocity or wall shear rate were not altered by minalrestat treatment. The expression of ICAM‐1 and P‐selectin, cell adhesion molecules involved in the interaction of leukocyte‐endothelium, reduced in diabetic rats was restored by minalrestat treatment.ConclusionWe conclude that an enhanced flux through the polyol pathway might be involved in the reduced expression of ICAM‐1 and P‐selectin contributing to the impaired leukocyte–endothelial interactions in diabetes mellitus and that aldose reductase inhibition restores the defect, restoring the reduced expression. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Islet transplantation: where do we stand now?
Authors: Hirshberg Boaz , Rother Kristina I. , Harlan David M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractAfter many years of limited success in islet transplantation, researchers developing this procedure have made great strides, and several centers have now reported that islet transplantation can result in long‐term insulin independence for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The improved quality of life achieved in some islet allograft recipients suggests that this important line of investigation should proceed. Yet, several factors limit the technique and these hurdles must be overcome before it can be considered a practical treatment for the millions of individuals with diabetes, be it type 1 or type 2. Most obvious is the gross disparity between the number of islets available for clinical transplantation and the number of patients with diabetes who might benefit. Other important limitations, too often lost in the discussion, include complications associated with the technique itself, the toxicity of currently available immunosuppressive drugs, and the imperfect glycemia control achieved in most patients. In fact, our ongoing analysis as to whether transplantation‐based therapy improves survival for patients with type 1 diabetes suggests that, for many at least, the opposite may be true. Two variables, as yet undefined, also need to be considered: (1) can the procedure, when done well, prevent or reverse diabetes‐associated complications and (2) what are the long‐term consequences of intrahepatic islets? Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consideration based on simulation for a DWDM system composed of a wide‐band optical phase conjugator and dispersion‐flattened transmission line
Authors: Yao Bing , Hanawa Masanori , Takahara Mikio , Ichikawa Yuichi 
Published: May 2003

AbstractIn wavelength division multiplexing transmission, nonlinear effects such as cross phase modulation between the pulses of channels with different wavelengths due to overtaking causes pulse distortion and timing jitter. In particular, deterioration of the transmission characteristics caused by cross phase modulation becomes more conspicuous when the incident peak power becomes larger. In order to realize a wavelength division multiplexing transmission system with a higher bit rate over a longer distance, a high incident peak power that maintains a high SNR is indispensable and a technique to compensate the effect of cross phase modulation is needed. In this paper, computer simulation demonstrates that, by placing a broadband phase conjugator at the center of the dispersion‐flattened transmission line, the cross phase modulations caused in the first half and the latter half are canceled and its effect can be reduced. It is further shown that the transmission system with the present configuration can increase the incident peak power by 5 dB over that using nonlinear transmission, which is considered effective for high densities in the case of wavelength division multiplexing transmission with a frequency use efficiency of 0.32 bit/s/Hz. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(11): 84–92, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10005
A study on channel efficiency for SDMA with an adaptive array
Authors: Suzuki Tohru , Ohgane Takeo , Ogawa Yasutaka 
Published: May 2003

AbstractRecently, in order to improve channel use efficiency, the SDMA (Space Division Multiple Access) system has been proposed. In this paper, an adaptive array is applied to a cellular system and the SDMA system with MMSE‐based weight control performed for fixed channel assignment and dynamic channel assignment is discussed. In addition to the conventional blocking rate and the forced call termination rate, the ISR (Incomplete Service Rate) is defined as a new QoS (Quality of Service) and its characteristics are evaluated. Further, the occupation rate within the home cell by the SDMA system is studied with random assignment. It is found that the capacity increases by a factor of 2.08 with a blocking rate of 3% when the SDMA system is combined with a fixed channel assignment of nine cell repetition. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(11): 75–83, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10069
Measurement and analysis for transmission characteristics of microstrip line covered with lossy magnetic sheet
Authors: Saito Akihiko , Nishikata Atsuhiro 
Published: May 2003

AbstractFor EMI protection in high‐frequency regions beyond 1 GHz, composite materials made of rubber filled with soft magnetic metal powders have been used. With such materials, resonances in metal casings for amplifiers and coupling between transmission lines can be suppressed. In this paper, to provide a low‐pass‐type filter characteristic to the transmission line on a printed circuit board, a method is studied for covering a microstrip line (MSL) with such a composite material sheet and the necessary analysis is carried out. First, the propagation characteristics and the characteristic impedance of the MSL are derived numerically. Based on such information, the transmission and reflection characteristics as a filter are evaluated. Since the product of the complex relative permeability and the complex relative permittivity of the composite material sheet is larger than that of the substrate in this case, the quasi‐TEM mode approximation does not hold. Hence, the frequency domain finite‐difference (FDFD) method taking into account all electromagnetic field components is used for the analysis of the MSL. In the experiment, S11 and S21 of the MSL with its section coated with a composite material sheet are measured and compared with the analysis results. The computed results exhibit the same tendency as the measured data. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(11): 66–74, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10100
High‐speed bulk data transfer architecture for Gbit/s throughput
Authors: Kotabe Satoshi , Hashimoto Masashi , Hagimoto Kazuo 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWhen bulk data is transferred between end hosts over an IP network, a known problem is the limited throughput obtained at the application level due to the memory copy processing load between the kernel buffer and the user buffer depending on the operating system. To solve this problem, in this paper we propose a high‐speed bulk data transfer architecture called Network Direct Memory Access (Network DMA) and describe its design, implementation, and test results. The purpose of Network DMA is to be a transport function installed on a network interface card (NIC) and to achieve high‐speed and reliable data transfers over a network between the user buffers of the end hosts without requiring operating system‐specific processing. An application will use the data transfer function provided by a new interface capable of directly specifying the send destination host and the target transfer buffer. Based on the proposed architecture, we developed a 622‐Mbit/s ATM NIC and Gigabit Ethernet NIC incorporating the Network DMA. The ATM NIC we developed achieved a continuous transfer throughput of 540 Mbit/s (99% bandwidth usage efficiency at the application level) in data transfer tests between general‐purpose PCs. The Gigabit Ethernet NIC achieved an 800 Mbit/s continuous transfer throughput. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(11): 57–65, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10107
Hybrid active integrated antenna arrays with a 23‐GHz MMIC oscillator
Authors: Kawasaki Shigeo , Yasuoka Yoshihisa , Sasaki Ryosuke 
Published: May 2003

AbstractAn ultrasmall active integrated antenna 2.5 cm square was fabricated by combining an MMIC oscillator and planar slot antennas. The design of array antennas by simulation and analysis of their injection locking characteristics are presented. Beam steering and the effect of packaging are considered in the measurement, and the effect of the metal reflector plate behind the array antenna is studied. A small active integrated antenna is placed at the focal point of a parabolic antenna. Its operation as a receiving integrated antenna with a self‐oscillating mixer for communication satellite is confirmed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(11): 46–56, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10115
Polarization controlled microstrip antenna
Authors: Nishiyama Eisuke , Takenaka Kouichi , Aikawa Masayoshi 
Published: May 2003

AbstractMore new functionalities and performance capabilities are required for antenna technologies for the next generation. In this paper, to meet such an objective, a basic study is carried out on the realizability of a polarization control function for a planar antenna. For a square microstrip antenna with a degenerate resonant mode, realization of orthogonal polarization control by switching control of the high‐frequency surface currents is proposed. The realizability of this function is verified by means of simulation and experiments. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(11): 38–45, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10116
Experimental study for optimizing self‐oscillating mixer with electromagnetically coupled antenna element
Authors: Park KoDong , Sakurazawa Shigeaki , Arai Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2003

AbstractRecently, extensive research has been carried out on active antennas using microwave transistors such as GaAs FETs for mobile communications and millimeter‐wave applications. The active antenna including a built‐in oscillator using GaAs FET devices does not require a mixer and has the advantage of reduced attenuation in transmission lines. In this paper, with a view to enhancing the output level of the IF when an active antenna is used as a self‐oscillating mixer, the addition of an electromagnetically coupled antenna such as a dipole, monopole, loop, and patch is proposed. Experimental studies are carried out on the self‐oscillating mixer with such an electromagnetically coupled element. In order to enhance the output level of the IF, conditions for optimum shapes and positions of the parasitic element are obtained. From the results of an experiment using a dipole and a loop for which the coupling of the parasitic element near the active device significantly affects the IF output level, it is confirmed that the oscillation becomes unstable if the spacing between the FET and the parasitic element is less than 3 mm. In a monopole with a structure that can increase the spacing from the active device, improvement of IF output by about 20 dB at the maximum can be obtained. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(11): 30–37, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10118
Study of active antenna receivers and calibration method for digital beamforming
Authors: Mori Kohei , Arai Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2003

AbstractIn next‐generation high speed wireless communications, the development of digital beamforming (DBF) is indispensable for the creation of base stations and terminal antennas with high functionality, low cost. and small size. On the other hand, active antennas that combine a passive antenna and active devices are advantageous for use in DBF, because the feed line can be shortened and phase and amplitude imbalance among the array branch elements can be reduced. Further, if technologies to reduce the number of active devices, such as the direct conversion and Low IF schemes, are combined, it is possible to attempt miniaturization and reduction of individual differences. In this paper, a receiver of small size for DBF is proposed and experimentally studied by using an active integrated antenna containing an amplifier and a Low IF scheme. A calibration circuit for amplitude and phase corrections is discussed in which the error factors in the characteristics between the devices are taken into account. Further, experimental results on beam pattern generation by the test system in an anechoic chamber are presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(11): 20–29, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10119
Circularly polarized loop‐line antennas
Authors: Hirose Kazuhide , Sakurai Kenya , Nakano Hisamatsu 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA novel miscrostrip line antenna consisting of loop radiation cells is analyzed using the method of moments. First, an open‐loop line antenna is analyzed as a reference antenna. The analysis shows that, as the number of radiation cells is decreased, the reflected current increases to deteriorate the axial ratio. Next, a closed‐loop line antenna is proposed. The antenna is characterized by its radiation mechanism where both the traveling and reflected currents contribute to the radiation of the same rotational sense of circular polarization. The number of the radiation cells is chosen to be four, where the reference antenna cannot radiate a CP wave. It is found that the antenna radiates a CP wave with an axial ratio of less than 3 dB in a frequency bandwidth of 3%, where the gain is approximately 15 dBi. These bandwidth and gain are also found to be comparable to those of a conventional array composed of four loop antennas. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(11): 11–19, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10122