bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of core‐shell heterostructured MnO@Co/NC for enhancing the oxygen electrocatalytic performance
Authors: Fu Hao , Yu Tao , Ma Dingfeng , Wang Liang , Senin Petr , Bian Ting , Yan Shitan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe development of non‐precious metal electrocatalysts for efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a significant research field vital for the progress of zinc−air battery technology. Here, we purposely constructed a core‐shell heterostructured electrocatalyst consisting of MnO nanotubes covered by Co nanoparticles anchored on N‐doped carbon substrate. MnO@Co/NC displayed superior ORR capability with a half‐wave potential of 0.85 V and almost no potential decay after 10,000 cycles CV test, outform that of commercial Pt/C catalysts. Employing MnO@Co/NC as the air electrode catalyst in primary Zn−air batteries leads to a top power density of 145 mW cm−2 and an enhanced specific capacity of 869 mAh g−1 as compared to commercial noble metal catalysts. Such superb ORR performance outcomes primarily stem from the synergistic effect between Co/NC shell and MnO core since the coupling structure not only regulates the inherent electronic structure but also accelerates electron transfer speed and boosts the active sites. Besides, the Co/NC outer layer can also help to improve the corrosion resistance of MnO@Co/NC in the electrolyte. This work demonstrated that the core‐shell heterostructured non‐precious catalysts open up a new avenue for obtaining sufficiently effective ORR catalysts in Zn−air batteries and other related applications.
Directed Dual Charge Pumping Tunes the d‐Orbital Configuration of Pt Cluster Boosting Hydrogen Evolution Kinetic
Authors: Zhang Zeyi , Wu Wei , Chen Suhao , Wang Zichen , Tan Yangyang , Chen Wei , Guo Fei , Chen Runzhe , Cheng Niancai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAchieving high catalytic activity with a minimum amount of platinum (Pt) is crucial for accelerating the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis, yet it remains a significant challenge. Herein, a directed dual‐charge pumping strategy to tune the d‐orbital electronic distribution of Pt nanoclusters for efficient HER catalysis is proposed. Theoretical analysis reveals that the ligand effect and electronic metal‐support interactions (EMSI) create an effective directional electron transfer channel for the d‐orbital electrons of Pt, which in turn optimizes the binding strength to H*, thereby significantly enhancing HER efficiency of the Pt site. Experimentally, this directed dual‐charge pumping strategy is validated by elaborating Sb‐doped SnO2 (ATO) supported Fe‐doped PtSn heterostructure catalysts (Fe‐PtSn/ATO). The synthesized 3%Fe‐PtSn/ATO catalysts exhibit lower overpotential (requiring only 10.5 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2), higher mass activity (28.6 times higher than commercial 20 wt.% Pt/C), and stability in the HER process in acidic media. This innovative strategy presents a promising pathway for the development of highly efficient HER catalysts with low Pt loading.
Harnessing Smectic Ordering for Electric‐Field‐Driven Guided‐Growth of Surface Topography in a Liquid Crystal Polymer
Authors: Lyu Pengrong , Feng Jian , Zeng Yishu , Zhang Yang , Wu Sihan , Gao Jie , Hu Xiaowen , Chen Jiawen , Zhou Guofu , Zhao Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe guided‐growth strategy has been widely explored and proved its efficacy in fabricating surface micro/nanostructures in a variety of systems. However, soft materials like polymers are much less investigated partly due to the lack of strong internal driving mechanisms. Herein, the possibility of utilizing liquid crystal (LC) ordering of smectic liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) to induce guided growth of surface topography during the formation of electrohydrodynamic (EHD) patterns is demonstrated. In a two‐stage growth, regular stripes are first found to selectively emerge from the homogeneously aligned region of an initially flat LCP film, and then extend neatly along the normal direction of the boundary line between homogeneous and homeotropic alignments. The stripes can maintain their directions for quite a distance before deviating. Coupled with the advanced tools for controlling LC alignment, intricate surface topographies can be produced in LCP films starting from relatively simple designs. The regularity of grown pattern is determined by the LC ordering of the polymer material, and influenced by conditions of EHD growth. The proposed approach provides new opportunities to employ LCPs in optical and electrical applications.
Dual‐Modality Imaging‐Guided Manganese‐Based Nanotransformer for Enhanced Gas‐Photothermal Therapy Combined Immunotherapeutic Strategy Against Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Guan Xiuhong , Zeng Ni , Zhao Yue , Huang Xin , Lai Shengsheng , Shen Guixian , Zhang Wanli , Wang Nianhua , Yao Wang , Guo Yuan , Yang Ruimeng , Wang Zhiyong , Jiang Xinqing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractActivating the stimulator of the interferon gene (STING) is a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for converting “cold” tumor microenvironment into “hot” one to achieve better immunotherapy for malignant tumors. Herein, a manganese‐based nanotransformer is presented, consisting of manganese carbonyl and cyanine dye, for MRI/NIR‐II dual‐modality imaging‐guided multifunctional carbon monoxide (CO) gas treatment and photothermal therapy, along with triggering cGAS‐STING immune pathway against triple‐negative breast cancer. This nanosystem is able to transfer its amorphous morphology into a crystallographic‐like formation in response to the tumor microenvironment, achieved by breaking metal‐carbon bonds and forming coordination bonds, which enhances the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging. Moreover, the generated CO and photothermal effect under irradiation of this nanotransformer induce immunogenic death of tumor cells and release damage‐associated molecular patterns. Simultaneously, the Mn acts as an immunoactivator, potentially stimulating the cGAS‐STING pathway to augment adaptive immunity, resulting in promoting the secretion of type I interferon, the proliferation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and M2‐macrophages repolarization. This nanosystem‐based gas‐photothermal treatment and immunoactivating therapy synergistic effect exhibit excellent antitumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo, reducing the risk of triple‐negative breast cancer recurrence and metastasis; thus, this strategy presents great potential as multifunctional immunotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment.
Unzipping Carbon Nanotubes to Sub‐5‐nm Graphene Nanoribbons on Cu(111) by Surface Catalysis
Authors: Dong Wenjie , Li Xin , Lu Shuai , Li Jie , Wang Yansong , Zhong Mingjun , Dong Xu , Xu Zhen , Shen Qian , Gao Song , Wu Kai , Peng Lian‐Mao , Hou Shimin , Zhang Zhiyong , Zhang Yajie , Wang Yongfeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGraphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are promising in nanoelectronics for their quasi‐1D structures with tunable bandgaps. The methods for controllable fabrication of high‐quality GNRs are still limited. Here a way to generate sub‐5‐nm GNRs by annealing single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on Cu(111) is demonstrated. The structural evolution process is characterized by low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Substrate‐dependent measurements on Au(111) and Ru(0001) reveal that the intermediate strong SWCNT‐surface interaction plays a pivotal role in the formation of GNRs.
Dual‐Modified Electrospun Fiber Membrane as Separator with Excellent Safety Performance and High Operating Temperature for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shi Huanbao , Fu Zitai , Xu Wenpu , Xu Naicai , He Xuexia , Li Qi , Sun Jie , Jiang Ruibing , Lei Zhibin , Liu Zong‐Huai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPolyacrylonitrile/Boric acid/Melamine/the delaminated BN nanosheets electrospun fiber membrane (PB3N1BN) with excellent mechanical property, high thermal stability, superior flame‐retardant performance, and good wettability are fabricated by electrospinning PAN/DMF/H3BO3/C3H6N6/ the delaminated BN nanosheets (BNNSs) homogeneous viscous suspension and followed by a heating treatment. BNNSs are obtained by delaminating the bulk h‐BN in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) with an assistance of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Benefiting from the cross‐linked pore structure and high‐temperature stability of BNNSs, PB3N1BN electrospun fiber membrane delivers high thermal dimensional stability (almost no size contraction at 200 °C), excellent mechanical property (19.1 MPa), good electrolyte wettability (contact angle about 0°), and excellent flame retardancy (minimum total heat release of 3.2 MJ m−2). Moreover, the assembled LiFePO4/PB3N1BN/Li asymmetrical battery using LiFePO4 as the cathode and Li as the anode has a high capacity (169 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C), exceptional rate capability (129 mAh g−1 at 5 C), the prominent cycling stability without obvious decay after 400 cycles, and a good discharge capacity of 152 mAh g−1 at a high temperature of 80 °C. This work offers a new structural design strategy toward separators with excellent mechanical performance, good wettability, and high thermal stability for lithium‐ion batteries.
Teaching in the Cracks: Using the Three Lenses Framework to Promote Comprehension and Critical Engagement with Global Texts
Authors: Fain Jeanne Gilliam 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMany teachers tirelessly grapple with topics of text selection, evaluation, and comprehension—examining elements of diversity, quality, and kid appeal to empower teachers to select titles for classrooms through a critical lens—under a mandated scripted curriculum. The purpose of this column is to explore and draw upon teachers' knowledge around implementation of global texts with a focus on comprehension and “teaching within the cracks.”
Double cholecystectomy of duplex gallbladder associated with chronic cholecystitis in a cat
Authors: Tayayouth Sirada , Kalerum Patimaporn , Girddee Jirayu , Pattanapon Nakrob , Yodsheewan Rungrueang , Danpanang Nut , Theerapan Wutthiwong , Assawarachan Sathidpak Nantasanti 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA 6‐year‐old female neutered Persian cat presented with hyporexia and gradual weight loss over 6 months. Physical examination revealed cranial abdominal pain. Haematology and serum biochemistry were within normal limits. Abdominal ultrasonography and a computed tomography scan suggested a non‐neoplastic mass compressing the gallbladder. During an exploratory laparotomy, a duplex gallbladder with two separate cystic ducts was diagnosed intraoperatively. The mass identified using the imaging techniques was an abnormal right gallbladder which was distended with immobile mucoid bile and a thickened wall. The left gallbladder and cystic duct were grossly normal. A cholecystectomy of both gallbladders was performed. Histopathology of the right gallbladder identified chronic cholecystitis. The cat made a good recovery from surgery and reported complete resolution of its hyporexia and a return to normal body weight. This is the first report of a successful cholecystectomy of a duplex gallbladder with chronic cholecystitis of a single gallbladder.
Multimodal pain management in a dog with oral fibrosarcoma
Authors: Hjalmarsson Lydia , Bianchi Cristina , Stathopoulou Thaleia‐Rengina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAn 8‐year‐old lurcher presented at the Pain Clinic of the Queen Mother Hospital following a 7‐month history of progressive right‐sided facial pain that was poorly responsive to multimodal oral analgesia. Initial investigations had revealed dental changes. Despite appropriate treatment, the patient's clinical signs had deteriorated, resulting in the inability to chew, behavioural changes, and his owner's being unable to administer oral medication, all resulting in progressive weight loss. Computed tomography imaging revealed marked soft tissue thickening of the upper lip, extending along the infraorbital canal and periorbital inflammation. The biopsy confirmed fibrosarcoma. The patient received a multimodal analgesia approach, with systemic analgesia and electroacupuncture performed perioperatively. Neurolysis of the infraorbital nerve was also attempted using an alcohol solution. Following recovery from anaesthesia, the patient showed improved comfort and ate before leaving the hospital. Initial improvement was seen for a number of days at home; however, following this, the owners reported deterioration.
Die Analyse: Der Weg zum QScore
Authors: Gleißner Werner , Weissman Arnold 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungWie oben erwähnt, lassen sich der QScore eines Unternehmens und die Verbesserungspotenziale auf dem Weg zu mehr Zukunftssicherheit in einem sehr kompakten Analyse-Projekt ermitteln. Wesentlich ist, dass die Analyse und Aggregation von Risiken, die zur Beurteilung der Wahrscheinlichkeit schwerer Krisen – „bestandsgefährdender Entwicklungen“ – erforderlich ist, in den Projektablauf integriert ist. Gerade bei mittelständischen Unternehmen, die heute noch oft die aus § 1 StaRUG ableitbaren Mindestanforderungen an das Risikomanagement nicht erfüllen, erhalten damit quasi „nebenher“ eine StaRUG-konforme Beurteilung der „Gefährdungswahrscheinlichkeit“, also der Wahrscheinlichkeit einer bestandsgefährdenden Entwicklung, z. B. durch die Verletzung von Mindestanforderungen an das Rating oder von Covenants (siehe dazu Gleißner, 2022).
Einleitung und Erkenntnisinteresse
Authors: Herzberg Laura 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungOKAY erfreut sich ungebrochener Beliebtheit. In der Mündlichkeit wurde es bereits in den 1960er-Jahren erforscht. Anhand von drei Korpusstudien wird die Forschungslücke zu schriftlichem OKAY aus interaktionsorientierter Perspektive geschlossen. Dafür wurden OKAY-Formen, -Postionen und -Funktionen in Artikeldiskussionsbeiträgen der deutschen, englischen und französischen Wikipedia-Sprachversionen sprachkontrastiv analysiert.
Forschungsüberblick
Authors: Herzberg Laura 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden zum einen bereits etablierte Funktionsweisen von OKAY vorgestellt, wie sie in Grammatiken und Wörterbüchern vorzufinden sind (Abschnitt 3.1 und 3.2). Zum anderen wird ein Überblick über die zu OKAY existierenden Studien in mündlicher Interaktion präsentiert (Abschnitt 3.3). Ein Einblick in Studien und Untersuchungen zu OKAY in schriftlicher Interaktion rundet das Funktionsspektrum von OKAY ab (Abschnitt 3.4).
Wikipedia und Social Web
Authors: Herzberg Laura 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungKapitel 4 beschäftigt sich mit der Beschreibung von Wikipedia und deren Stellenwert im Social Web. Dafür werden zunächst in Abschnitt 4.1 Eigenschaften der Online-Enzyklopädie Wikipedia zusammenfassend vorgestellt, bevor in Abschnitt 4.2 der Begriff Social Web definiert wird. Im Anschluss daran wird erläutert, welchen Bestimmungen Interaktion in schriftlicher internetbasierter Kommunikation (IBK) unterliegt (Abschnitt 4.3).
NNLO+PS W+W− production using jet veto resummation at NNLL′
Authors: Gavardi Alessandro , Lim Matthew A. , Alioli Simone , Tackmann Frank J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We construct a novel event generator for the process $$ pp\to {\ell}^{-}{\overline{\nu}}_{\ell }{\ell^{\prime}}^{+}{\nu}_{\ell^{\prime }} $$
pp
→

ℓ
−

ν
¯

ℓ

ℓ
′

+

ν

ℓ
′

, which matches fixed-order predictions at next-to-next-to-leading order in the strong coupling to a parton shower program. The matching is achieved using the Geneva method, in this case exploiting a resummed calculation for the hardest jet transverse momentum at next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy obtained via soft-collinear effective theory and implemented in the C++ library SCETlib. This choice of resolution variable ensures that the introduction of a jet veto, commonly used by experimental analyses to reject multi-jet background events, does not result in the appearance of unmitigated large logarithms for low veto scales before showering. After validating our partonic results against publicly available fixed order and resummed calculations, we compare our predictions to measurements taken at the ATLAS and CMS experiments, finding good agreement. This is the first NNLO+PS accurate event generator to use the hardest jet transverse momentum as a resolution variable.
Grothendieck lines in 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 SQCD and the quantum K-theory of the Grassmannian
Authors: Closset Cyril , Khlaif Osama 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We revisit the 3d GLSM computation of the equivariant quantum K-theory ring of the complex Grassmannian from the perspective of line defects. The 3d GLSM onto X = Gr(Nc, nf) is a circle compactification of the 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetric gauge theory with gauge group $$ \textrm{U}{\left({N}_c\right)}_{k,k+l{N}_c} $$
U

N
c

k
,
k
+
l

N
c

and nf fundamental chiral multiplets, for any choice of the Chern-Simons levels (k, l) in the ‘geometric window’. For $$ k={N}_c-\frac{n_f}{2} $$
k
=

N
c

−

n
f

2

and l = −1, the twisted chiral ring generated by the half-BPS lines wrapping the circle has been previously identified with the quantum K-theory ring QKT(X). We identify new half-BPS line defects in the UV gauge theory, dubbed Grothendieck lines, which flow to the structure sheaves of the (equivariant) Schubert varieties of X. They are defined by coupling $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetric gauged quantum mechanics of quiver type to the 3d GLSM. We explicitly show that the 1d Witten index of the defect worldline reproduces the Chern characters for the Schubert classes, which are written in terms of double Grothendieck polynomials. This gives us a physical realisation of the Schubert-class basis for QKT(X). We then use 3d A-model techniques to explicitly compute QKT(X) as well as other K-theoretic enumerative invariants such as the topological metric. We also consider the 2d/0d limit of our 3d/1d construction, which gives us local defects in the 2d GLSM, the Schubert defects, that realise equivariant quantum cohomology classes.
Unfolded dynamics approach and quantum field theory
Authors: Misuna Nikita 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We study quantization of a self-interacting scalar field within the unfolded dynamics approach. To this end we find and analyze a classical unfolded system describing 4d off-shell scalar field with a general self-interaction potential. Then we systematically construct three different but related unfolded formulations of the corresponding quantum field theory, supporting them with illustrative calculations: an unfolded functional Schwinger-Dyson system, an unfolded system for correlation functions and an unfolded effective system for vertex functions. The most curious feature we reveal is that an unfolded quantum commutator gets naturally regularized: a standard delta-function is replaced with a heat kernel, parameterized by the unfolded proper time. We also identify an auxiliary 5d system, having this proper time as a physical time, which generates 4d scalar action as its on-shell action.
Mitochondrial impairment, decreased sirtuin activity and protein acetylation in dorsal root ganglia in Friedreich Ataxia models
Authors: Sanz-Alcázar Arabela , Britti Elena , Delaspre Fabien , Medina-Carbonero Marta , Pazos-Gil Maria , Tamarit Jordi , Ros Joaquim , Cabiscol Elisa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFriedreich ataxia (FA) is a rare, recessive neuro-cardiodegenerative disease caused by deficiency of the mitochondrial protein frataxin. Mitochondrial dysfunction, a reduction in the activity of iron-sulfur enzymes, iron accumulation, and increased oxidative stress have been described. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons are among the cellular types most affected in the early stages of this disease. However, its effect on mitochondrial function remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we found that in primary cultures of DRG neurons as well as in DRGs from the FXNI151F mouse model, frataxin deficiency resulted in lower activity and levels of the electron transport complexes, mainly complexes I and II. In addition, altered mitochondrial morphology, indicative of degeneration was observed in DRGs from FXNI151F mice. Moreover, the NAD+/NADH ratio was reduced and sirtuin activity was impaired. We identified alpha tubulin as the major acetylated protein from DRG homogenates whose levels were increased in FXNI151F mice compared to WT mice. In the mitochondria, superoxide dismutase (SOD2), a SirT3 substrate, displayed increased acetylation in frataxin-deficient DRG neurons. Since SOD2 acetylation inactivates the enzyme, and higher levels of mitochondrial superoxide anion were detected, oxidative stress markers were analyzed. Elevated levels of hydroxynonenal bound to proteins and mitochondrial Fe2+ accumulation was detected when frataxin decreased. Honokiol, a SirT3 activator, restores mitochondrial respiration, decreases SOD2 acetylation and reduces mitochondrial superoxide levels. Altogether, these results provide data at the molecular level of the consequences of electron transport chain dysfunction, which starts negative feedback, contributing to neuron lethality. This is especially important in sensory neurons which have greater susceptibility to frataxin deficiency compared to other tissues.
Bleaching threatens positive carbonate budgets on Bahraini reefs
Authors: AlMealla Reem K. , Edullantes Brisneve , Hepburn Leanne J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBleaching events impact coral reef functionality and carbonate budget dynamics, which is reflected in reduced reef framework accretion, hindering reef ability to keep pace with sea-level rise projections. Reefs in the Arabian Gulf exist in harsh environmental conditions with seasonal temperatures ranging between 16 and 36 °C. Despite the high thermal thresholds (~ 35 °C) of corals in this region, extensive bleaching and high coral mortality have been reported regionally in 2017. We quantify reef carbonate budgets at a near shore and an offshore reef site in Bahrain pre-bleaching in May 2017 and post-bleaching in May 2018 to assess the impacts of the 2017 severe bleaching event on the budgetary state. Results indicate an overall decrease in hard coral cover from 14.2 ± 5.5 to 8.5 ± 1.4% and a decline in the net carbonate budget state from 3.6 ± 2.2 to 0.3 ± 0.3 kg CaCO3 m−2 year−1 at the shallow nearshore Fasht Al Adhm reef indicating a shift from a positive budgetary state to net neutral, while the deeper offshore Reef Bul Thamah has increased positively from 3.7 ± 1.2 to 4.2 ± 0.6 kg CaCO3 m−2 year−1. We attribute the decline in the nearshore reef to the bleaching event which took place between July and October 2017, resulting in high coral mortality rates and subsequent reduced framework carbonate production. Predicted warming trends present a threat to the structural integrity of shallow Bahraini reefs, compromising their ability to keep pace with future sea-level rise projections.