bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Oxygen Evolution Reaction Performance: Electrochemical Activation of the Biphasic CoNi/Zn(Fe,Al,Cr)2O4 via Controlled Aluminum Leaching Facilitated Surface Reconstruction
Authors: Chen Yuhao , Xu Jiang , Jiang Minming , Wang Luqi , Ma Rui , Chen Yujie , Xie Zong‐Han , Munroe Paul , Hu Feng , Li Linlin , Peng Shengjie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGiven that the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) faces challenges due to its sluggish kinetics, development of efficient and robust OER catalytic electrodes is critical for reducing the cost of hydrogen production through electrochemical water splitting. In this study, a biphasic CoNi/Zn(Fe,Al,Cr)2O4 coating, characterized by a densely organized stalagmite‐like microarray structure, is deposited on a commercial pure titanium plate, creating an exceptionally effective OER catalytic electrode. The formation of numerous metal/spinel oxide heterogeneous interfaces is demonstrated to enhance its electron transfer ability and conductivity. At high potentials, aluminum leaching and lattice oxygen consumption can facilitate deep surface reconstruction of highly active Fe‐doped CoNiOOH phase inducing electrochemical activation, further optimizing thermodynamic barrier of the fundamental reaction step. Ultimately, this electrode showcases exceptional OER catalytic performance (low overpotential of 248 and 335 mV to deliver the current density of 10 and 100 mA cm−2) compared to commercial IrO2 catalyst (overpotential of ≈310 mV at 10 mA cm−2). Moreover, it demonstrates high current stability sustaining a current density of 500 mA cm−2 for 100 h. This work deepens the comprehension of the surface reconstruction process in OER and, more broadly, introduces a new avenue for designing and enhancing the performance of catalytic materials.
Adaptation to climate change: The irrigation technology mix of Italian farmers
Authors: Fabri Charlotte , Tsagris Michail , Moretti Michele , Van Passel Steven 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFarmers should increasingly adopt more water‐efficient irrigation technologies—such as drip irrigation—as a result of climate warming and aggravating water scarcity. We analyze how Italian farmers adapt to climate change by changing their irrigation technology mix. We apply a two‐stage econometric model to data from 5876 Italian farms. We find that farmers' initial reaction to increasing temperatures is reducing their surface‐irrigated fractions. When temperatures increase further, farmers switch toward more sprinkler irrigation. Our results show that farmers are not autonomously moving to drip irrigation in response to climate change, suggesting that government incentives are needed to encourage this transition.
Hydrodynamics of bubble flow through a porous medium with applications to packed bed reactors
Authors: Nagrani Pranay P. , Marconnet Amy M. , Christov Ivan C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGas‐liquid flows through packed bed reactors (PBRs) are challenging to predict due to the tortuous flow paths that fluid interfaces must traverse. Experiments at the International Space Station showed that bubble and pulse flows are predominately observed under microgravity conditions, while the trickle and spray flows observed under terrestrial conditions are not present in microgravity. To understand the physics behind the former experiments, we simulate bubble flow through a PBR for different packing‐particle‐diameter‐based Weber numbers and under different gravity conditions. We demonstrate different pore‐scale mechanisms, such as capillary entrapment, buoyancy entrapment, and inertia‐induced bubble displacement. Then, we perform a quantitative analysis by introducing new dynamic scales, dependent upon the evolving gas‐liquid interfacial area, to understand the dynamic trade‐offs between the inertia, capillary, and buoyancy forces on a bubble passing through a PBR. This analysis leads us to define new dimensionless Weber‐like numbers that delineate bubble entrapment from bubble displacement.
Impact of the iWHELD digital person‐centered care program on quality of life, agitation and psychotropic medications in people with dementia living in nursing homes during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: McDermid Joanne , Henley William , Corbett Anne , Williams Gareth , Fossey Jane , Clare Linda , Fox Chris , Aarsland Dag , Khan Zunera , Soto Maria , Woodward‐Carlton Barbara , Cook Esme Moniz , Cummings Jeffrey , Sweetnam Adrienne , Chan Xavier , Lawrence Megan , Ballard Clive ,   the iWHELD study group
Published: December 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONiWHELD is a digital person‐centered care program for people with dementia in nursing homes adapted for remote delivery during the COVID‐19 pandemic.METHODSA 16‐week two‐arm cluster‐randomized controlled trial in 149 UK nursing homes compared iWHELD with treatment as usual (TAU). Primary outcome was the overall quality of life with secondary outcomes of agitation and psychotropic use.RESULTSiWHELD conferred benefit to quality of life on the primary (F = 4.3, p = 0.04) and secondary measures of quality of life (F = 6.45, p = 0.01) and reduced psychotropic medication use (χ2 = 4.08, p = 0.04) with no worsening of agitation. Benefit was seen in participants who contracted COVID‐19, those with agitation at baseline, and those taking psychotropic medications.DISCUSSIONiWHELD confers benefits to quality of life and key measures of well‐being, can be delivered during the challenging conditions of a pandemic, and should be considered for use alongside any emerging pharmacological treatment for neuropsychiatric symptoms.Highlights
iWHELD is the only remote, digital delivery nursing home training programme for dementia care
iWHELD improved quality of life in people with dementia and reduced antipsychotic use without worsening of agitation
Residents who contracted Covid‐19 during the study also experienced benefits from iWHELD
iWHELD offers a valuable, pandemic‐safe tool for improving dementia care
Probing Degradation in Lithium Ion Batteries with On‐Chip Electrochemistry Mass Spectrometry**
Authors: Thornton Daisy B. , Davies Bethan J. V. , Scott Soren B. , Aguadero Ainara , Ryan Mary P. , Stephens Ifan E. L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe rapid uptake of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) for large scale electric vehicle and energy storage applications requires a deeper understanding of the degradation mechanisms. Capacity fade is due to the complex interplay between phase transitions, electrolyte decomposition and transition metal dissolution; many of these poorly understood parasitic reactions evolve gases as a side product. Here we present an on‐chip electrochemistry mass spectrometry method that enables ultra‐sensitive, fully quantified and time resolved detection of volatile species evolving from an operating LIB. The technique's electrochemical performance and mass transport is described by a finite element model and then experimentally used to demonstrate the variety of new insights into LIB performance. We show the versatility of the technique, including (a) observation of oxygen evolving from a LiNiMnCoO2 cathode and (b) the solid electrolyte interphase formation reaction on graphite in a variety of electrolytes, enabling the deconvolution of lithium inventory loss (c) the first direct evidence, by virtue of the improved time resolution of our technique, that carbon dioxide reduction to ethylene takes place in a lithium ion battery. The emerging insight will guide and validate battery lifetime models, as well as inform the design of longer lasting batteries.
Lightweight, robust, porous heterocyclic para‐aramid aerogel hollow fibers for multifunctional applications
Authors: Wu Wenwen , Song Qingquan , Li Na , Wang Yan , Yu Junrong , Hu Zuming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn nature, many fibers with warmth‐retention properties, such as the hair of polar bears and rabbits, both have a hollow cross‐section structure. The static air in fiber cavities can effectively inhibit heat conduction and serve as an effective thermal insulator. In this work, the high‐performance heterocyclic para‐aramid polymer was selected as the spinning solution, and aerogel hollow fiber was prepared by coaxial wet spinning and freeze‐drying techniques. The effects of spinning solution concentration and lyophilized solvent on the micromorphology, mechanical properties, and specific surface area of heterocyclic para‐aramid aerogel hollow fiber (HPAAHF) were systematically studied. The produced HPAAHF possessed excellent mechanical properties (tensible strength ~3.85 MPa), high specific surface area (~ 260.90 m2 g−1), and lightweight advantages. The thermal conductivity of HPAAHF was only 0.0278 W m−1 K−1, indicating its excellent thermal insulation properties. The aerogel fabric exhibited outstanding flame retardancy properties, with a total heat release of only 0.7 MJ m−2 in the cone calorimetric experiment, making it a self‐extinguishing fabric. In addition, phase change material was injected into the hollow structure to obtain aerogel‐phase change material composite fibers, which exhibited great energy storage prospects. As a result, the high‐performance heterocyclic para‐aramid polymer‐based aerogel hollow fiber was successfully prepared and had multifunctional applications in thermal insulation, flame retardancy, and heat energy storage fields.
Preparation and characteristics of composite films with functionalized graphene/polyimide
Authors: Zhang Jiayu , Liang Bing , Long Jiapeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPolyimide (PI) has the inherent defect of poor intrinsic thermal conductivity and cannot meet the increasing demand for rapid heat dissipation in the thermal management introduction. To improve the thermal conductivity of PI, in this study, thick sheet graphene‐ionic liquid (TSG‐IL) functionalized graphene has been prepared by a one‐step ultrasonic‐chemical method. Under the action of mechanical force, IL is successfully modified on the surface of TSG, and TSG is peeled to some extent. TSG‐IL/PI has been prepared the typical method of solution casting followed by thermal imidization. The structure, morphology, thermal conductivity, and mechanical properties of the composites are evaluated by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Hot Disk thermal conductivity tests. When the amount of TSG‐IL is 0.3 wt%, the thermal conductivity of TSG‐IL/PI (0.18 W·m−1·k−1) than pure PI and TSG (ultrasonication)/PI increased by 50.0% and 28.6%, respectively. Moreover, it can maintain good mechanical properties, and its tensile strength (121.5 MPa) is 6.5% and 3.5% higher than that of pure PI and TSG (ultrasonication)/PI, respectively. The potential for application in the preparation of composites with high‐thermal conductivity is promising.
Effects of preparation method on thermoelectric properties of poly(aniline‐co‐3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/SWCNT composites
Authors: Luo Qunyi , Li Yiyang , Guo Cun‐Yue 
Published: December 2023

AbstractComposites of conducting polymer and single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are attracting great attentions in harvesting low‐grade waste heat. Prefabricated SWCNTs film used as the working electrode was placed at the liquid interface between the inorganic phase (dilute sulfuric acid solution) and the organic phase consisting of dichloromethane (DCM), aniline (ANI), and 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), together with a platinum wire (the counter electrode) and a silver chloride (AgCl/Ag) electrode (the reference electrode), to perform electrochemical polymerization of ANI and EDOT at the liquid interface. Thermoelectric (TE) composites of poly(ANI‐co‐EDOT) and SWCNTs were produced. Compared with composites from ultrasonic mixing and coating methods, the 10 wt% SWCNTs‐composites in situ formed in electrochemical polymerization have the highest power factor (PF) of 41.56 ± 3.58 μW m−1 K−2, higher than the PF values of the composites formed by other two methods. The work indicates that the TE properties of ANI‐EDOT copolymer/SWCNT (poly[ANI‐co‐EDOT]/SWCNT) composites prepared by electrochemical polymerization were better than those of the composites obtained by physical mixing the electrochemically synthesized poly(ANI‐co‐EDOT) with SWCNTs. Moreover, SWCNTs treated with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) could further improve the TE properties of the composites.
Neuroanatomy and pneumaticity of the extinct Malagasy “horned” crocodile Voay robustus and its implications for crocodylid phylogeny and palaeoecology
Authors: Perrichon Gwendal , Pochat‐Cottilloux Yohan , Conedera Davide , Richardin Pascale , Fernandez Vincent , Hautier Lionel , Martin Jeremy E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractVoay robustus, the extinct Malagasy “horned” crocodile, was originally considered to be the only crocodylian representative in Madagascar during most part of the Holocene. However, Malagasy crocodylian remains have had confused taxonomic attributions and recent studies have underlined that Crocodylus and Voay populations coexisted on the island for at least 7500 years. Here, we describe the inner braincase anatomy of Voay robustus using x‐ray computed tomography on four specimens, to provide new anatomical information that distinguishes Voay from Crocodylus, especially features of the brain endocast and the paratympanic sinuses. Geometric morphometric analyses are performed on 3D models of the internal organs to compare statistically Voay with a subset of extant Crocodylidae. Following these comparisons, we build an endocranial morphological matrix to discuss the proposed phylogenetic affinities of Voay with Osteolaeminae from an endocranial point of view. Additionally, we discuss the use of internal characters in systematic studies and find that they can have a major impact on morphological analyses. Finally, new radiocarbon data on Voay and subfossil Crocodylus specimens are recovered between 2010 and 2750 cal BP, which confirm the cohabitation of the two species in the same area for a long period of time. We thus assess several extinction scenarios, and propose a slightly different ecology of Voay compared to Crocodylus, which could have allowed habitat partitioning on the island. Our approach complements information obtained from previous molecular and morphological phylogenies, as well as previous radiocarbon dating, together revealing past diversity and faunal turnovers in Madagascar.
Making the invisible visible: Critical discourse analysis as a tool for search engine research
Authors: Morrison Renee 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLike information science more broadly, search engine research has largely been fragmented into two factions: system‐oriented and user‐oriented studies. This limits our capacity for answering some fundamental questions surrounding an integral—often invisible—part of modern life. Given the “search‐ification” of this life, given an oligopolous global market and an information‐wealthy but attention‐poor audience, methods capable of studying search engines, as well as their relationship with users and society are increasingly necessary. This paper proposes critical discourse analysis (CDA) as an effectual, oft‐overlooked method for search engine research, one capable of interrogating both search engines and their use. The paper outlines CDA, provides examples of its application, and highlights its capacity for progressing our critical understanding of search engines. This developing understanding, evidenced by a review of the literature, suggests that challenges brought by search cannot be resolved by critiquing the power of systems alone. Rather, a reclaiming of today's information infrastructure requires we also illuminate the socio‐political environments of search systems, and the metacognitive, invisible processes pivotal to our communication with them. While power‐analyses of search continue, and some have begun to employ CDA, little recognition exists of this theoretical perspective's capacity for supporting both system‐oriented and user‐oriented studies.
Macrocyclic Sulfur Ligand Stabilized Trans‐Palladium Dichloride Complex: Syntheses, Structure, Chlorine Rotation, and Application in α‐Olefination of Nitriles by Primary Alcohols
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Sharma Ashutosh , Mahala Suman , Gaatha K. , Reddy S. Rajagopala , Rom Tanmay , Paul Avijit Kumar , Roy Partha , Joshi Hemant 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHerein, we have reported the synthesis of a macrocyclic organosulfur ligand (L1) having a seventeen‐membered macrocyclic ring. Subsequently, the corresponding trans‐palladium complex (C1) of bulky macrocyclic organosulfur ligand (L1) was synthesized by reacting it with PdCl2(CH3CN)2 salt. The newly synthesized ligand and complex were characterized using various analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The complex showed a square planar geometry with trans orientation of two ligands around the palladium center. The complex possesses intramolecular SCH…Cl interactions of 2.648 Å between the macrocyclic ligand and palladium dichloride. The potential energy surface (PES) for the rotational process of C1 suggested a barrier of ~23.81 kcal/mol for chlorine rotation. Furthermore, the bulky macrocyclic organosulfur ligand stabilized palladium complex (C1) was used as a catalyst (2.5 mol %) for α‐olefination of nitriles by primary alcohols. The α,β‐unsaturated nitrile compounds were found to be the major product of the reaction (57–78 % yield) with broad substrate scope and large functional group tolerance. Notably, the saturated nitrile product was not observed during the reaction. The mechanistic studies suggested the formation of H2 and H2O as only by‐products of the reaction, thereby making the protocol greener and sustainable.
Micellular fluorescence resonance energy transfer based fluorescent ratiometric response to hydrocarbon analytes
Authors: Gordon Calum K. , Nass Liselotte , Chan Sanutep , Davis Nathaniel J. L. K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) has been utilised to develop numerous selective and sensitive fluorescent ratiometric sensors. Typically, FRET‐based fluorescent ratiometric sensors rely on chemical interactions between the sensor and analyte to illicit a response, thus unreactive hydrocarbons are a neglected analyte and a source for new sensors. By containing an unbound donor–acceptor system within micelles, energy transfer is enabled by spatial confinement. This offers the potential of a ratiometric response as a hydrocarbon analyte is added. Introducing a hydrocarbon analyte to this system causes micelles to swell, increasing the donor–acceptor distance and thus reducing the amount of observed energy transfer. We present InP/ZnS quantum dot donors interacting with a Nile Red acceptor, confined by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)‐based micelles. We alleviated spatial confinement of the pair within micelles using common laboratory solvents to represent hydrocarbons, (toluene, hexane and octadecene). We constructed calibration curves for each solvent and found effective sensing ranges of 0.009–0.21, 0.008–0.27 and 0.003–0.06 M for toluene, hexane and octadecene, respectively. This study contributes towards the development of new hydrocarbon sensors utilising this new mechanism.
Biodegradation of chloroethene compounds under microoxic conditions
Authors: Ojo Abidemi Oluranti , Castillo Julio , Cason Errol Duncan , Valverde Angel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe biodegradation of chloroethene compounds under oxic and anoxic conditions is well established. However, the biological reactions that take place under microoxic conditions are unknown. Here, we report the biostimulated (BIOST: addition of lactate) and natural attenuated (NAT) degradation of chloroethene compounds under microoxic conditions by bacterial communities from chloroethene compounds‐contaminated groundwater. The degradation of tetrachloroethene was significantly higher in NAT (15.14% on average) than in BIOST (10.13% on average) conditions at the end of the experiment (90 days). Sporomusa, Paracoccus, Sedimentibacter, Pseudomonas, and Desulfosporosinus were overrepresented in NAT and BIOST compared to the source groundwater. The NAT metagenome contains phenol hydrolase P1 oxygenase (dmpL), catechol‐1,2‐dioxygenase (catA), catechol‐2,3‐dioxygenases (dmpB, todE, and xylE) genes, which could be involved in the cometabolic degradation of chloroethene compounds; and chlorate reductase (clrA), that could be associated with partial reductive dechlorination of chloroethene compounds. Our data provide a better understanding of the bacterial communities, genes, and pathways potentially implicated in the reductive and cometabolic degradation of chloroethene compounds under microoxic conditions.
Sustainable entrepreneurship: When does environmental compliance improve corporate performance?
Authors: Wesseh Presley K. , Lin Boqiang , Zhang Yixuan , Wesseh Preslyn Sharon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConcerted effort to reduce ecological damages requires that the role of enterprises should be extended to incorporate environmental issues into their core business objectives. Despite huge developments in sustainable entrepreneurship research, outcomes of sustainable entrepreneurship uptake remain largely unclear. Drawing on data of Chinese firms, and utilizing fixed effects regression, our paper evaluates the conditions under which compliance with environmental regulation may enable or constrain corporate performance. We find that environmental compliance lowers corporate market performance and improves financial performance at the same time. We also find that the decline in market performance is reversed for large and privately owned enterprises, highlighting the role of firm size and ownership in corporate performance. When distinguishing between market‐ and financial performance, our evidence shows that environmental compliance will most likely improve market performance when enterprise carbon intensity level is low and improve financial performance when enterprise carbon intensity level is high. As we have discussed in our paper, these results have several implications from the point of view of managers, firm stakeholders, and policymakers.
Forensic neuropsychiatric aspects of epilepsy
Authors: Beran Roy G. , Fozdar Manish A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEpilepsy may be associated with automatisms that are classed as ‘insane ‘as they are deemed to have originated within the mind. ‘Sane automatism’ is said to occur from external factors, such as physical trauma, while ‘insane automatism’ is said to be innate to the individual experiencing them. To claim automatism within the context of a criminal matter requires a detailed evaluation of the behavior demonstrated and a questioning of the volitional and purposeful nature of this behavior. It is insufficient to rely upon past behavior in association with these seizures to justify the defense of automatism within a specific event. Epilepsy is often considered to be associated with an increase in violence. Proper epidemiological research, both in long‐term, large population control studies and hospital‐based studies, has suggested that epilepsy, per se, is not associated with an increase in violence when compared to the population at large and controlled for other familial and environmental factors.