bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors contributing to the outcome of oxidative damage to nucleic acids
Authors: Evans Mark D. , Cooke Marcus S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOxidative damage to DNA appears to be a factor in cancer, yet explanations for why highly elevated levels of such lesions do not always result in cancer remain elusive. Much of the genome is non‐coding and lesions in these regions might be expected to have little biological effect, an inference supported by observations that there is preferential repair of coding sequences. RNA has an important coding function in protein synthesis, and yet the consequences of RNA oxidation are largely unknown. Some non‐coding nucleic acid is functional, e.g. promoters, and damage to these sequences may well have biological consequences. Similarly, oxidative damage to DNA may promote microsatellite instability, inhibit methylation and accelerate telomere shortening. DNA repair appears pivotal to the maintenance of genome integrity, and genetic alterations in repair capacity, due to single nucleotide polymorphisms or mutation, may account for inter‐individual differences in cancer susceptibility. This review will survey these aspects of oxidative damage to nucleic acids and their implication for disease. BioEssays 26:533–542, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A “Chiral Aldehyde” Equivalent as a Building Block Towards Biologically Active Targets
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Crawley Matthew L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractChiral γ‐aryloxybutenolides, readily accessible through dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DYKAT) of racemic acyloxybutenolides, were utilized as “chiral aldehyde” building blocks for intermolecular cycloadditions and Michael reactions. Unprecedented selectivity in trimethylenemethane cycloadditions with this building block allowed an efficient synthesis of a novel metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 antagonist in development by the Bayer corporation. These studies further inspired work that culminated in the total synthesis of (+)‐brefeldin A, a natural product with a range of significant biological properties. All of the stereochemistry in this target molecule was derived from two palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation reactions. The trans‐alkenes were synthesized by a Julia olefination and a ruthenium‐catalyzed trans‐hydrosilylation‐protodesilylation protocol. The route to (+)‐brefeldin A lends itself to analogue syntheses and was completed in 18 steps in 6 % overall yield.
Ultra‐Deep Desulfurization of Diesel: Oxidation with a Recoverable Catalyst Assembled in Emulsion
Authors: Li Can , Jiang Zongxuan , Gao Jinbo , Yang Yongxing , Wang Shaojun , Tian Fuping , Sun Fuxia , Sun Xiuping , Ying Pinliang , Han Chongren 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA [(C18H37)2N+(CH3)2]3[PW12O40] catalyst, assembled in an emulsion in diesel, can selectively oxidize the sulfur‐containing molecules present in diesel into their corresponding sulfones by using H2O2 as the oxidant under mild conditions. The sulfones can be readily separated from the diesel using an extractant, and the sulfur level of the desulfurized diesel can be lowered from about 500 ppm to 0.1 ppm without changing the properties of the diesel. The catalyst demonstrates high performance (≥96 % efficiency of H2O2, is easily recycled, and ∼100 % selectivity to sulfones). Metastable emulsion droplets (water in oil) act like a homogeneous catalyst and are formed when the catalyst (as the surfactant) and H2O2 (30 %) are mixed in the diesel. However, the catalyst can be separated from the diesel after demulsification.
Thermodynamic/Kinetic Control in the Isomerization of the [{tBuNP(μ‐NtBu)}2]2− Ion
Authors: Bond Andrew D. , Doyle Emma L. , García Felipe , Kowenicki Richard A. , Moncrieff David , McPartlin Mary , Riera Lucía , Woods Anthony D. , Wright Dominic S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe unique structure of [(tBuN)2PK]∞ (2) (containing [(tBuN)2P]− monoanions) is in stark contrast to the previously reported Li+ analogue [{[tBuNP(μ‐NtBu)]2}2]Li4 (1) (containing the dimeric [{tBuNP(μ‐NtBu)}2]2− ion). DFT and 31P NMR spectroscopic studies reveal that the formation of the monoanion arrangements are most thermodyamically favored for Li, Na, and K, 1 being the product of kinetic control and 2 being the product of thermodynamic control.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Rare Earth Iodates from the Corresponding Periodates. Part 2. Synthesis and Structures of Ln(IO3)3 (Ln: Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Ho, Er) and Ln(IO3)3×2H2O (Ln: Eu, Gd, Dy, Er, Tm, Yb).
Authors: Douglas Paul , Hector Andrew L. , Levason William , Light Mark E. , Matthews Melissa L. , Webster Michael 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Vibrational Spectra and Magnetic Properties of Eu3[BN2]2 and LiEu4[BN2]3.
Authors: Somer Mehmet , Guel Cem , Muellmann Ralf , Mosel Bernd D. , Kremer Reinhard K. , Poettgen Rainer 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Crystal Structure and Properties of Ga2Cr1.33Se5, a New Layered Semiconductor.
Authors: Okonska‐Kozlowska I. , Szamocka K. , Malicka E. , Waskowska A. , Heimann J. , Mydlarz T. , Gilewski A. , Gron T. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of the Cyclobutanone Core of Solanoeclepin A via Intramolecular Allene Butenolide Photocycloaddition.
Authors: Hue Bui T. B. , Dijkink Jan , Kuiper Sanne , Larson Kimberly K. , Guziec Frank S. Jr. , Goubitz Kees , Fraanje Jan , Schenk Henk , van Maarseveen Jan H. , Hiemstra Henk 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemistry of Nitro Compounds. Part 11. NaNO2—Ceric Ammonium Nitrate Mediated Conversion of Acrylic Esters and Baylis—Hillman Derived Acrylic Esters into Corresponding β‐Nitro Acrylic Esters.
Authors: Jayakanthan K. , Madhusudanan K. P. , Vankar Yashwant D. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of erythro‐α‐Amino β‐Hydroxy Carboxylic Acid Esters by Diastereoselective Photocycloaddition of 5‐Methoxyoxazoles with Aldehydes.
Authors: Griesbeck Axel G. , Bondock Samir , Lex Johann 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Neurotropic Activity of 1‐Ureido‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydrocarbazoles.
Authors: Bokanov A. I. , Kukushkin S. Yu. , Parshin V. A. , Alekseeva L. M. , Kobrakov K. I. , Granik V. G. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
8‐Oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octa‐3,6‐dien‐2‐one Synthesis Using a Pyrylium 3‐Oxide Precursor Derived from a 4‐Oxo‐4H‐pyrazole 1,2‐Dioxide.
Authors: Hansen John F. , Kilpatrick Andre L. , Durairaj Anita 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Geometrically Selective Synthesis of Sulfur‐Containing Heterocycles by Intramolecular Pd‐Catalyzed Sulfinylzincation.
Authors: Maezaki Naoyoshi , Yagi Suguru , Maeda Jun , Yoshigami Ryoko , Tanaka Tetsuaki 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fused Isoquinolines: 3‐Aryl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐pyrrolo [2,3‐c]isoquinoline‐1,5‐dione‐2‐spiro‐4′‐ (1′‐alkyl‐1′,4′‐dihydropyridine)s.
Authors: Kucherenko Tat'yana T. , Gutsul Roman , Kisel Vladimir M. , Kovtunenko Vladimir A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Convenient Procedure for the Synthesis of Novel Modified 3‐Substituted 1H‐Quinoxaline‐2‐thiones via Side‐Chain Lithiation of 3‐Alkyl‐1H‐quinoxaline‐2‐thiones.
Authors: El‐Hiti Gamal A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Metallocryptands: Host Complexes for Probing Closed‐Shell Metal—Metal Interactions
Authors: Catalano Vincent J. , Bennett Byron L. , Malwitz Mark A. , Yson Renante L. , Kar Heidi M. , Muratidis Stamatis , Horner Stephen J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
System‐on‐a‐chip design platform with microcomputer co‐debugging interface
Authors: Kondo Hiroyuki , Nakajima Masami , Takata Hirokazu , Sakugawa Mamoru , Higuchi Takashi , Ohtani Sugako , Yamamoto Hitoshi , Inasaka Tomoyoshi , Shirai Kenji , Yamada Kunihiro , Shimizu Toru 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe higher integration of the system‐on‐a‐chip (SoC) has intensified the need for a system‐on‐a‐chip design platform with a built‐in microcomputer. An important element in SoC design with a built‐in microcomputer is the debugging function. Here, we developed an SoC design platform equipped with a debugging interface shared by the microcomputer. By adopting the design methodology using this platform, we can shorten the SoC design period because we can concentrate on the new design or customization of the important hardware and software of the system and can nearly simultaneously start software and hardware development. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 87(5): 13–23, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10192
An approach to understanding driving environment using network‐type sensor fusion method
Authors: Yamada Kenichi , Ito Toshio 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA method for recognizing a driving environment by fusion processing using the concept of an immune network, which is a distributed diagnostic model, has been studied. The method classifies a recognition system into multiple modules from the point of view of sensor processing software, connects them into a network, and relates the network states obtained by interactive tests with a driving environment. As an experimental example, the lane of a car in front is determined. The method is advantageous in that constructing fusion processing is easy without requiring changes in lower‐level processing, because it applies interactive diagnostics only to upper‐level processing. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 87(5): 32–42, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20074
The chimeric FUS/CREB3l2 gene is specific for low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma
Authors: Panagopoulos Ioannis , Tiziana Storlazzi Clelia , Fletcher Christopher D.M. , Fletcher Jonathan A. , Nascimento Antonio , Domanski Henryk A. , Wejde Johan , Brosjö Otte , Rydholm Anders , Isaksson Margareth , Mandahl Nils , Mertens Fredrik 
Published: April 2004

AbstractLow‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a variant of fibrosarcoma that was recognized as a distinct tumor entity only quite recently. We previously described a translocation, t(7;16)(q33;p11), that resulted in a fusion of the FUS and CREB3L2 (also known as BBF2H7) genes in two soft tissue tumors that fulfilled morphologic criteria for LGFMS. To delineate the spectrum of tumors that may harbor the FUS/CREB3L2 gene, we selected 45 low‐grade spindle cell sarcomas for reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses; none of these tumors had originally been diagnosed as LGFMS. Furthermore, also included were two benign soft tissue tumors and nine high‐grade sarcomas with supernumerary ring chromosomes or 7q3 rearrangement and three tumors diagnosed as LGFMS prior to the genetic analysis. Of the 59 tumors analyzed, 12 were FUS/CREB3L2‐positive, all of which were diagnosed at histopathologic re‐examination as being LGFMS, of both the classical subtype and the subtype with giant collagen rosettes. The breakpoints in the fusion transcripts were always in exons 6 or 7 of FUS and exon 5 of CREB3L2. The results indicated that FUS/CREB3L2 is specifically associated with LGFMS and that RT‐PCR or FISH analysis may be useful for the differential diagnosis. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐resolution mapping of amplicons of the short arm of chromosome 1 in two neuroblastoma tumors by microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization
Authors: Fix Anne , Peter Martine , Pierron Gaëlle , Aurias Alain , Delattre Olivier , Janoueix‐Lerosey Isabelle 
Published: April 2004

AbstractDeletion of chromosome arm 1p is one of the most frequent genetic alterations in neuroblastoma. However, using conventional comparative genomic hybridization, we have observed amplifications on 1p in 2 neuroblastoma tumors at bands 1p34.2 and 1p36.3, respectively. Using a medium‐resolution genomic array containing 178 PACs/BACs from 1p and then 2 high‐resolution arrays containing contigs of overlapping PACs/BACs from the amplified regions, we could precisely map and delineate both amplicons. The 1p34.2 amplicon appeared as a homogeneous amplification unit, whereas the 1p36.3 amplicon had a more complex structure, with 2 noncontiguous, highly amplified regions and several moderate amplification units. In this case, fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis confirmed the amplification of several clones and indicated that the 2 highest amplification units corresponded to 2 populations of double minute chromosomes, one of which also contained the MYCN locus. This is the first report of 1p amplifications in primary neuroblastomas. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the Genes, Chromosomes, and Cancer website at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045‐2257/suppmat/index.html. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of testosterone on T cell‐mediated immunity in two species of mediterranean lacertid lizards
Authors: Belliure Josabel , Smith Linda , Sorci Gabriele 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOne of the primary assumptions of the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis is that testosterone has an immunosuppressive effect, but conflicting results have been reported in a variety of bird species concerning the effect of testosterone on the humoral and the T cell‐mediated components of the immune system. The T cell‐mediated component of the immune system is particularly important during the breeding season, because the likelihood of injury during sexual competition is high and T cell‐mediated immunity is essential for healing wounds and resisting infection. In this study we examined the effect of experimentally increased levels of testosterone during breeding season on T cell‐mediated immunity in male lizards of two Mediterranean lacertid species, Psammodromus algirus and Acanthodactylus erythrurus. The hormonal treatment significantly increased testosterone of the experimental individuals. T cell‐mediated responses to phytohemagglutinin stimulation were significantly suppressed in testosterone‐treated males of both species. Furthermore, there was a significant negative relationship between individual variability in T cell‐mediated responsiveness and plasma testosterone concentration. The present study is the first to demonstrate testosterone‐induced suppression of T cell‐mediated immunity in lizards. J. Exp. Zool. 301A:411–418, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low‐frequency transient (time domain) electromagnetic fields propagating in a marine environment
Authors: Birsan Marius 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe propagation of electromagnetic waves in seawater is quite different from the propagation in free air. Both the velocity of propagation and the attenuation of the wave reveal a strong dependency on frequency. When using electromagnetic methods for underwater purposes, the low‐frequency bands are preferable since high‐frequency components are attenuated very quickly. Consider a transmitted electromagnetic pulse travelling outward from a submerged electric dipole. Such a pulse contains many frequency components. Since the different components travel with different velocity, the shape of the pulse will become more and more distorted as it travels from the source. In seawater, the distance of propagation is very limited to encourage practical applications. However, when the environment contains several electrically different media, the electromagnetic wave can propagate along the boundaries to a much longer distance and this property makes them valuable tools in geophysical prospecting and radio communication. The purpose of this study is twofold: first the paper outlines a technique that generalizes the solution of Maxwell's equations to an arbitrary number of layers; the second goal is to investigate the propagation of low‐frequency transient electromagnetic fields in a marine environment modelled as a layered media. The frequency‐domain formula for the travelling field of a horizontal electric dipole excited by a current pulse is Fourier transformed to obtain the solution for the field in time domain. Possible application to remote sensing in the ocean is considered. © Crown Copyright 2004. Reproduced with the permission & Her Majesty's Stationary Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A hybrid ADI‐FDTD subgridding scheme for efficient electromagnetic computation
Authors: Ahmed Iftikhar , Chen Zhizhang (David) 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSubgridding has been a challenge in FDTD modelling. While it can significantly decrease memory requirements by using coarse and dense grids or meshes wherever they are needed, a small time step must normally be applied to the dense or fine mesh due to the Courant–Friedrich–Levy (CFL) stability condition. In this paper, a technique that combines FDTD and ADI‐FDTD methods for subgridding is proposed to circumvent the problem. The solution domain is divided into coarse grid regions and fine subgridded regions whenever necessary. The conventional FDTD is then applied to the coarse grid regions, while the ADI‐FDTD is used in the finely subgridded regions. In comparison with subgridding schemes using solely the conventional FDTD, the hybrid method allows the use of a much larger time step and therefore reduces the CPU time. In comparison between the subgridding scheme and pure ADI‐FDTD schemes, the hybrid method minimizes the use of the memory because the conventional FDTD algorithm is applied to the coarse grid region. Numerical examples are given to validate these advantages. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review of PSTD methods for transient electromagnetics
Authors: Huo Liu Qing , Zhao Gang 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn this paper we review the recent development in pseudospectral time‐domain (PSTD) methods for broadband electromagnetics. Starting from the basic ideas for high‐order approximation of spatial derivatives in periodic and non‐periodic domains, we will discuss the pseudospectral time‐domain methods for Maxwell's equations. Furthermore, some recent time integration schemes for the PSTD methods will be also presented. We will demonstrate these efficient methods with some new results for large scale problems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primary malignant tumors of the iliopsoas compartment
Authors: Behranwala Kasim A. , A'Hern Roger , Thomas J. Meirion 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPrimary malignant tumors of the iliopsoas compartment are rare entities that have been infrequently reported. We present our experience of iliopsoas malignancy to better characterize and define the natural history of this condition.MethodsPrimary iliopsoas tumors occurring from January 1990 were identified from the Royal Marsden Hospital's (RMH) Sarcoma Unit prospective database.ResultsNineteen malignant tumors (11 limited to the psoas muscle only, 1 involving only the iliacus muscle and 7 involving both the iliacus and psoas) of the iliopsoas compartment were evaluated and treated at the RMH during this period. Leiomyosarcoma (n = 5) and liposarcoma (n = 3) were the most frequent histologic types. There were 3 G1, 5 G2, 10 G3 tumors and grade could not be assessed in 1 patient. There were 17 T2 tumors and size was not available in 2 patients. Surgery was done in 14 patients (negative microscopic margins‐7, positive microscopic margins‐3, and positive gross margins‐3 and the margin of excision was not known in 1 patient). Five of 14 surgically treated patients had local recurrence and 6 of 19 patients developed metastases. Ten patients died of their disease at a median follow‐up of 12 months. The estimated 2 and 5 year survival rates were 44 and 23%, respectively.ConclusionsTumors in this location have a poor prognosis due to the lack of early diagnosis, large size at presentation, multiple attachments of the psoas muscle, and being relatively surgically inaccessible. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;86:78–83. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nutritional status and cytokine‐related protein breakdown in elderly patients with gastrointestinal malignancies
Authors: Inoue Yasuhiro , Miki Chikao , Kusunoki Masato 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBackgroundAge‐related factors affecting cytokine‐related whole‐body protein breakdown and their relation to clinical outcomes in cancer patients were investigated.MethodsFor assessment of protein‐calorie malnutrition and protein breakdown, the creatinine height index (CHI) and daily urinary excretion of 3‐methylhistidine (3‐MH) were measured in 70 patients with gastrointestinal malignancies. Perioperative cytokine profile was evaluated to assess its relation to perioperative protein catabolism.ResultsIn elderly patients, daily 3‐MH excretion during the stable preoperative period decreased with the increase of tumor interleukin (IL)‐6 production, suggestive of the activation of a metabolic compensation mechanism. However, these patients showed significant increases in postoperative 3‐MH excretion in accord with perioperative systemic IL‐6 response, and this deterioration of the compensating mechanism seemed to be associated with poor clinical outcome. An increase in 3‐MH excretion under surgical stress was positively correlated with postoperative consumption of IL‐6 soluble receptor (sR) in elderly patients with nutritional depletion.ConclusionsIn elderly cancer patients with protein‐calorie malnutrition, metabolic compliance against intrinsic IL‐6 may be compensated for in the preoperative stable period, but deteriorate from surgical insults. This mechanism might involve increased affinity of IL‐6 with IL‐6sR under surgical stress. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;86:91–98. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Literature, cultural identity and the limits of authenticity: a composite approach
Authors: Cohen‐Hattab Kobi , Kerber Jenny 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAlthough tourism scholarship has paid much attention to the concept of authenticity in relation to the homogenisation of tourism representation, this term has limits that curb its usefulness for analysing subtle interrelations of place, representation and identity. Some recent work has attempted to recuperate authenticity by associating it with experience and activity, however we suggest that the concept of cultural identity allows for greater attention to the fluid movements of social power relations that inform the tourist site. By undertaking a comparative analysis of three global tourist sites located in the Middle East (Jerusalem), North America (Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan) and Europe (Isle of Wight), this article discusses the politics of representation vis à vis identity as manifested in a spectrum of tourism‐related literature ranging from pamphlets, maps and guidebooks, to more creative approaches in contemporary novels and poetry. This comparative survey of literature explores questions of identity on several fronts: first, it prompts questions about how religious, historical and national identities are formulated in and through the tourist site; second, it leads to an assessment of a site's claim to status as a work of art that prompts aesthetic identification; and finally, it allows one to consider how other works of art — in this case, novelistic or poetic representations — both affirm and question identities presented by standard tourist literature. These alternative textual representations demonstrate not only how cultural identity as represented in the tourist site is an active site of struggle, but also present alternative politics of place and identity that enable a greater diversity of interpretations of the tourist site. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.