bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P‐49  Pemphigus foliaceus confined to the nails in a Hungarian short‐haired pointer
Authors: Guaguere E. , Degorce‐Rubiales F. 
Published: August 2004

We describe a case of pemphigus foliaceus (PF) confined to the nails in a 3‐year‐old male Hungarian short‐haired pointer. The dog was presented with multiple painful nails causing lameness. Various treatments (antibiotics, antiseptic lotions) were ineffective. The lesions were confined to the nails. Dermatological examination showed sub‐ or intraungueal pustules progressively causing onychomadesis. Examination of the inside of the nails revealed a yellowish malodorous material. Some nails exhibited onychoschizis and onychogryphosis. An erythematous perionyxis was observed around some nails. Cytology of this yellowish material showed nondegenerative neutrophils and numerous acidophilic acantholytic keratinocytes. Fungal and bacterial cultures performed from nails were negative. Histopathological examination of an entire nail revealed the presence of stratified pustules within the nails and under the nail. These pustules contained nondegenerative neutrophils, eosinophils and numerous acidophilic acantholytic keratinocytes. These lesions were compatible with pemphigus foliaceus. Prednisolone (1 mg/kg twice daily, orally) plus a dermocorticoid (clobetasol, twice daily) was prescribed for 1 month. Clinical improvement was observed. The same treatment was discontinued for another month. Then, the dosage of prednisolone was tapered to a 3‐day regimen for 2 months with daily clobetasol applications. During the following 6 months, topical therapy was discontinued. Four relapses were observed within 4 years. This is the first report of a case of PF strictly confined to the nails. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐5  Importance of psychogenic factors in canine recurrent pyoderma
Authors: Nagata M. , Shibata K. 
Published: August 2004

Recurrent pyoderma is a relapsing bacterial infection of the skin. Evaluation of the primary predisposing factors is essential, but they are not always easy to determine. We reported that psychogenic factors should be considered as one cause of canine dermatoses featuring pruritic behavior such as grooming and scratching, and predicted that it could be added as a cause of recurrent pyoderma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the roles of psychogenic factors in canine recurrent pyoderma. This study examined 21 dogs with recurrent pyoderma, which showed relapsing but antibiotic‐responsive skin lesions. Predisposing factors, especially allergy, infection, endocrine disorders, congenital factors and improper treatments, were carefully ruled out with standard diagnostic procedures. Diagnosis of psychogenic factors was based on fulfillment of the following features: (1) distinctive area of broken hairs or asymmetric erythema, (2) incidental pruritic behavior related to emotionally unstable situation or physiological intervention, (3) existence of environmental antecedent triggers or concurrent psychiatric symptoms, and (4) requirement for psychogenic treatment, consisting of behavior modification and psychopharmacological therapy in some. The incidence of psychogenic factors and the efficacy of the treatment in recurrent pyoderma were evaluated. In these 21 dogs, 10 cases (47.6%) were compatible with the presence of psychogenic factors, and seven cases (33.3%) were improved with behavioral treatment. Psychogenic factors should be considered in the aetiology of so‐called idiopathic canine recurrent pyoderma. Further investigation is needed to understand the relationship between skin barrier dysfunction and psychogenic factors. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐50  Clinical, histological and immunological characteristics of Neumann‐type pemphigus vegetans in a dog
Authors: Heimann M. , Beco L. , Petein M. , Rademaeker V. , Olivry T. 
Published: August 2004

Pemphigus vegetans is a very rare cutaneous autoimmune blistering acantholytic disease of humans that combines features of both pemphigus foliaceus and mucosal lesions of pemphigus vulgaris. We report here the clinical, histopathological and immunological findings in a dog whose lesions resembled those of pemphigus vegetans of humans. A 4‐year old, greater Swiss mountain dog was presented with verrucous papules and crusts on the axillae and inguinal region. Within 3 months, lesions progressed to involve the thorax and ear pinnae, and then became generalized. Ulcers were observed in the oral cavity, anus and prepuce. Microscopic examination of mucosal and cutaneous biopsy specimens revealed a mixed pattern of deep intraepidermal neutrophilic and eosinophilic pustules with isolated and clustered acantholytic keratinocytes, along with suprabasal epidermal clefts leaving rounded basal keratinocytes at the bottom of the vesicles. These dual changes were also observed within the hair follicle epithelium. Dermal inflammation was mixed and perivascular. Direct immunofluorescence revealed IgG deposited around epidermal keratinocytes. Indirect immunofluorescence performed on normal canine gingival substrate uncovered antikeratinocyte IgG autoantibodies with a serum titre of 1:2500. Immunoblotting confirmed that circulating IgG autoantibodies recognized the extracellular segment of canine desmoglein‐1 and human desmoglein‐3. Treatment with azathioprine and oral glucocorticoids resulted in long‐lasting complete remission. In this dog, clinical signs, microscopic skin lesions and immunological findings were deemed analogous to those of human Neumann‐type pemphigus vegetans. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐51  Drug‐induced erythema multiforme or drug‐induced pemphigus foliaceus: a case report
Authors: Guaguere E. , Degorce‐Rubiales F. 
Published: August 2004

A 5‐month‐old female Brittany spaniel was presented with peracute crusting dermatitis. The dog had been treated with cephalexin for cystitis 6 weeks earlier. Systemic signs included hyperthermia, anorexia and dehydration. Dermatological signs were characterized by crusted and exudative lesions over the face, trunk and limbs. These lesions were very painful. Clipping revealed arciform and annular patterns. The periphery of these target lesions remained indurated and ulcerated. Histopathological features of lesional skin biopsies revealed a hydropic interface dermatitis with prominent single‐cell apoptosis of keratinocytes at all levels of the epidermis and satellitosis of lymphocytes. Similar lesions were observed within the infundibular region of hair follicle outer root sheath epithelium. PCR tests (parvovirus, herpesvirus) performed from lesional biopsies were negative. Clinical and histopathological cutaneous lesions were compatible with erythema multiforme. Drug implication criteria showed the possible role of cephalexin. Symptomatic treatment (cleansing, antiseptic bathing, rehydration, antibiotics, morphine patch) was prescribed. Twenty‐four hours later, the skin was particularly painful. A pustular dermatitis was observed over the entire body. These pustules were large and contained a yellowish material. Cytology revealed nondegenerative neutrophils and acidophilic acantholytic keratinocytes. Histopathological findings included subcorneal pustules containing nondegenerative neutrophils, acantholytic keratinocytes and few eosinophils. Clinical and histopathological cutaneous lesions were compatible with pemphigus foliaceus. Prednisolone (1 mg/kg twice daily, orally), antiseptic bathings and antibiotics (marbofloxacin) were prescribed for 3 weeks. Clinical improvement was then observed. The dose of prednisolone was tapered to an alternate‐day regimen over 2 months. Cutaneous lesions completely disappeared. No relapse was observed for 4 years. The clinical succession, erythema multiforme and then pemphigus foliaceus associated with a cutaneous adverse drug reaction, is the main interest of this case. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐52  A case of juvenile cellulitis concurrent with hindlimb paresis in an English cocker spaniel puppy
Authors: Park C. , Jung D. , Park H. M. 
Published: August 2004

A 4‐month‐old female English cocker spaniel puppy was evaluated because of papules, pustules and crusts on the bridge of the nose, a pustular otitis externa, hindlimb paresis and poor growth. The patient had been treated with antibiotic therapy at the local animal hospital for a month. However, there was no response to therapy. On physical examination, submandibular lymph nodes were swollen and lower motor neuron signs of the hind limbs were observed with back pain. Demodicosis, dermatophytosis, deep pyoderma and angioedema were ruled out based on cytologic examination, skin scraping and fungal culture. Canine distemper infection was ruled out by RT‐PCR. Bacteria were not isolated from fresh exudate obtained from the skin lesions. Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) assessment revealed mixed cell pleocytosis (macrophages, neutrophils and a few lymphocytes). Bacterial culture of CSF was negative. The dog's condition was dramatically improved by administration of prednisolone (2 mg/kg orally, twice daily). This case report demonstrates that juvenile cellulitis associated with hindlimb paresis caused by an immune‐mediated mechanism can be successfully managed with an immunosuppressive drug. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐53  Histopathologic evaluation of feline plasmacytic pododermatitis
Authors: Bettenay S.V. , Mueller R. S. 
Published: August 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histopathologic changes seen in feline plasmacytic pododermatitis in an attempt to correlate clinical response with any specific histopathologic feature, and to evaluate these specimens for possible infectious organisms. Fourteen skin biopsies from cats with plasmacytic pododermatitis and a clinical follow‐up of 12–36 months were included in the study. Sections were stained with H&E as well as with a polyclonal anti‐Mycobacterium bovis [Bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG)] antibody cross‐reactive to a broad spectrum of fungi and bacteria. Sections stained with the anti‐BCG antibody were graded as positive or negative. Inflammatory cell types and density, overall pattern, and the presence or involvement of adnexal structures were assessed in sections stained with H&E. All sections were negative for organisms within the actual footpad tissue with the anti‐BCG antibody stains. Two samples revealed a few foci of cocci on the outer surface of the ulcers. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐54  Successful protocol for therapy of lupoid onychodystrophy: 12 dogs
Authors: Paterson S. 
Published: August 2004

Lupoid onychodystrophy was diagnosed in 12 dogs on the basis of clinical signs and histopathology. All dogs had their nails removed under general anaesthesia. In all cases, a dewclaw was submitted for histopathology. Nails were submitted for fungal culture. Swabs were taken from nail beds for bacterial culture and susceptibility testing. Postoperative dressings were applied for 48 h. Cephalexin was prescribed for 10 days at 25 mg/kg orally twice daily. Where cultures revealed bacterial infection, antibiotics were prescribed for 3 weeks on the basis of susceptibility testing. Meloxicam was prescribed for 5 days postoperatively at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg orally once daily. At a 10‐day recheck, providing no infection was present, therapy was changed. Where infection was identified, therapy was changed at 3 weeks after the completion of antibiotics. All dogs were prescribed pentoxifylline at 10–20 mg/kg orally twice daily and essential fatty acids (Coatex) with a gamma linolenic acid dose of 10–20 mg/kg once daily. A golf‐ball sized amount of betamethasone valerate mousse was applied to all nail beds once daily using a paintbrush. Dogs were assessed every 6 weeks. In all cases, after 8–12 weeks of application of the mousse, it was reduced to twice weekly applications. Three cases have been lost to long‐term follow up, but the other nine, currently assessed every 4 months, have remained in good condition. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐55  Febrile neutrophilic dermatosis in a miniature schnauzer resembling Sweet's syndrome in humans
Authors: Okada K. , Saegusa S. , Yamaoka A. , Nagasawa A. , Yamamura H. , Sekiguchi M. , Iwasaki T. 
Published: August 2004

Sweet's syndrome is a human skin disease characterized by a rapid onset of painful erythematous plaques accompanied by fever. The disease usually occurs in middle‐aged women, and lesions are identified on the face, neck, chest and extremities after a nonspecific infection of the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract. Our case was a 6‐year‐old, spayed female miniature schnauzer. The dog presented with signs of fever, poor appetite, and lameness in the left‐front limb including the raising of the limb in question. Haematological and radiographic examinations revealed no abnormalities at presentation. Three days after presentation, ulceration in the oral cavity, oedema on the neck, and erythematous plaques on the groin, head, and pinnae were noted. Histopathology of the skin revealed perivascular infiltration of neutrophils and prominent oedema of the upper dermis. Dermatitis at the dermo‐epidermal interface was not observed. A test for antinuclear antibody was negative. The dog responded well to prednisolone treatment, and signs were alleviated. To diagnose Sweet's syndrome in humans, the patient is required to fulfil both major criteria and two out of four minor criteria. This dog was considered to have fulfilled such criteria in consideration of eruptions, histopathologic findings, fever and positive response to prednisolone. Bearing in mind that this was a middle‐aged female dog with an underlying autoimmune disease, and that immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenia, uveitis and arthritis were subsequently observed, this dog could be compared to Sweet's syndrome in humans. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐56  Evaluation of the association between Giardia infection and pruritic skin disease in dogs
Authors: Skubic‐Vengust B. , Hall J. A. , Reid‐Smith R. , Peregrine A. S. 
Published: August 2004

Intestinal parasites have been anecdotally associated with pruritus in dogs. A relationship was proposed when the elimination of a specific parasite resolved the pruritus, and re‐infection with a parasite caused the pruritus to recur. Ascarids, coccidia, hookworms, tapeworms and whipworms have all been incriminated. Recent reports in the human and veterinary literature have suggested that there may be a relationship between Giardia infection and the development of pruritus and other allergic signs. In order to determine if there is an association between infection with Giardia and pruritus in dogs, faecal samples were collected from 71 pruritic dogs and 101 clinically normal dogs. Three faecal samples from each animal were analysed using a zinc‐sulphate concentration technique for the presence of Giardia cysts, and one randomly selected faecal sample from each dog was analysed with an ELISA for Giardia‐specific antigen. Ten of 101 dogs (9.9%) in the clinically normal group tested positive with the ELISA, and Giardia cysts were detected in the faeces of seven of these antigen‐positive dogs. No Giardia cysts were found in the dogs that tested negative with the ELISA. None of the dogs in the pruritic group tested positive for Giardia by either method. The results indicated a negative association between Giardia infection and pruritic skin disease (P = 0.006). Cephalexin was commonly used in the pruritic group, but not in the control group, and may therefore be an explanatory variable. Funding: Ontario Veterinary College Pet Trust.
P‐57  Nodular dermatofibrosis in the German shepherd dog: a retrospective study of 11 cases
Authors: Guaguere E. , Hubert T. , Muller A. , Dandrifosse J. F. , Poujade A. , Mialot M. 
Published: August 2004

Nodular dermatofibrosis is a genetic syndrome associated with multiple collagenous nevi and renal cystadenomas or cystadenocarcinomas in the German shepherd dog. We describe a retrospective series of 11 cases of nodular dermatofibrosis in this breed. The age of diagnosis varied from 7 to 12 years. Males were overrepresented (10 cases). The chief complaint was the presence of nodules (five cases), nodules associated with poor condition (four cases) and poor condition (two cases). Lesions were present on the head (11 cases) and limbs (nine cases). In one case, nodules were observed in the oral cavity. Cutaneous lesions were characterized as multiple cutaneous or subcutaneous nodules. The nodules were firm and sometimes depilated, hyperpigmented or ulcerated. General condition was affected in six cases: anorexia (four of six), emaciation (four of six), polyuria‐polydipsia (three of six) and dehydration (three of six). Histopathological examination of nodules revealed areas of collagenous hyperplasia. Echography performed in seven cases demonstrated cystic and polylobulous structures in the kidneys. Four cases of cystadenomas and five cases of cystadenocarcinomas were confirmed by the histopathological examination of surgical or necropsy specimens from the kidneys. Euthanasia was considered either when the diagnosis was made (four of 11) or in the course of the following month (two of 11). In three cases, it was decided to remove the most damaged kidney. Two dogs survived for 9 months and another one survived over 1 year. In two cases, no surgery was performed and the dogs are still alive 12 months later. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐58  Three cases of pathological dermal deposits associated with internal diseases in dogs (xanthomatosis, calcinosis and amyloidosis)
Authors: Muller A. , Guaguere E. , Degorce‐Rubiales F. 
Published: August 2004

Pathological dermal deposits include amyloidosis, calcinosis, mucinosis and xanthomatosis, and are especially rare in dogs. We observed three cases associated with internal diseases. The first case was a cutaneous xanthomatosis associated with pancreatitis in a 10‐year‐old poodle. Abdominal pain, vomiting and hemorrhagic diarrhoea were observed in addition to yellowish papules on the abdomen. Skin biopsies showed a granulomatous inflammation with foamy macrophages. Pancreatitis was confirmed by increased serum levels of amylase and lipase and by ultrasonography. In spite of intensive care, death occurred 12 h after admission. The second case was a cutaneous calcinosis associated with multiple congenital urinary malformations in a 6‐month‐old Brittany spaniel (metastatic calcinosis). Retarded growth and pale mucosae were present with erythematous erosive and ulcerated papules and plaques on the face, abdomen and limbs. Histopathological examination of skin biopsies showed a macrophagic granulomatous reaction around calcium deposits. Blood work revealed anaemia, uraemia, elevated creatinine, hyperphosphatemia and hypercalcaemia. Cystography demonstrated a patent urachus. The dog was euthanized and necropsy revealed bilateral hydronephrosis, nephrocalcinosis, megaureters, a patent urachus and calcified bladder. The third case was a cutaneous and systemic amyloidosis in a 5‐year‐old Siberian husky. Dermal papules, purpuric macules, ulcers and cutaneous fragility were present on the trunk. Histopathological examination of skin biopsies showed multiple dermal accumulations of amorphous eosinophilic material, which was congophilic and gave a characteristic green birefringence under polarized light. The owner refused treatment. The dog died one year later of pulmonary thrombosis and renal failure (renal amyloidosis). Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐59  Three cases of opportunistic dermatoses associated with internal diseases in cats
Authors: Muller A. , Guaguere E. , Degorce‐Rubiales F. , Bourdoiseau G. 
Published: August 2004

Opportunistic dermatoses can occur in case of immunosuppressive diseases. The first case was a 12‐year‐old domestic short‐haired cat suffering from diabetes with a phaeohyphomycosis due to Scytalidium spp.associated with cutaneous hemangiosarcoma. A painless and ulcerated nodule was observed on a digit with fistulous tracts over the metatarsal joint. Histopathological examination of the nodule revealed a hemangiosarcoma in which brownish fungal colonies were found. Itraconazole (5 mg/kg twice daily), then amputation, allowed 12 months of survival (pulmonary metastases). The second case concerned a 13‐year‐old Siamese cat with cheyletiellosisassociated with spontaneous Cushing's disease and diabetes mellitus. This cat exhibited scales and miliary dermatitis on the trunk associated with polyuria, polydipsia and a pot‐belly. Acetate tape impression showed Cheyletiella blakei mites and eggs. Blood analysis revealed diabetes mellitus and spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism. The owner refused treatment. The third case was a 14‐year‐old domestic short‐haired cat with generalized demodicosis associated with iatrogenic Cushing's disease and diabetes mellitus. Long‐acting glucocorticoids had been used for treatment of plasma cell stomatitis for 5 years. This cat exhibited erythema, scales, self‐induced alopecia, thin skin and moderate pruritus associated with polyuria and polydipsia. Cutaneous lesions principally developed on the abdomen and flanks. Skin scrapings and trichogram showed numerous Demodex cati mites. Routine blood work demonstrated diabetes mellitus and iatrogenic Cushing's disease. Treatment was based on insulin therapy, milbemycin oxime (1 mg/kg once daily) and chlorambucil (0.2 mg/kg once daily). The demodicosis was cured after 4 months, but the cat died of cutaneous and ocular herpesvirus infection 10 months later. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐6  Double‐blinded comparative study of the efficacy of azithromycin and cephalexin in canine pyoderma
Authors: Blanco A. D. , Wolberg A. 
Published: August 2004

A double‐blinded randomized, controlled study was carried out with the objective to evaluate the comparative efficacy of two antibiotics (azithromycin and cephalexin) in dogs with superficial pyoderma. Thirty‐seven dogs with clinical signs of superficial pyoderma were included in the study. The diagnosis of superficial pyoderma was based on history, clinical signs and cytology. The presence of underlying diseases was investigated through complementary diagnostic methods after clinical resolution of the pyoderma. Animals were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: cephalexin 30 mg/kg twice daily for 21 days, or azithromycin 20 mg/kg twice daily for 21 days. Response to therapy was considered to be satisfactory if complete recovery was achieved by day 14 of treatment. The effects of the two treatments were compared using the chi‐square test. Twenty dogs received cephalexin and 17 received azithromycin. Nineteen of 20 dogs treated with cephalexin achieved complete recovery on day 14, with no side effects reported. Ten of 17 dogs treated with azithromycin achieved complete recovery on day 14, but therapy was discontinued in one dog because of vomiting. Cephalexin was significantly more effective than azithromycin (P = 0.0077). Azithromycin may be a therapeutic alternative in those patients in which cephalexin cannot be used. Funding: Self‐funded.