bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclease inhibitors
Authors: Kleanthous Colin , Pommer Ansgar J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nucleases are involved in a wide variety of biological functions in prokaryotes and eukaryotes including DNA repair, RNA maturation, and recombination as well as having less well-understood roles in processes such as angiogenesis in mammals and self-incompatibility in plants (1, 2). The hydrolysis of a phosphodiester bond has the potential to be toxic to the host cell unless controlled in some way. In the case of restriction enzymes, the recognition sequences of which may occur many times in a bacterial genome, toxicity is avoided by accompanying methylases which ‘detoxify’ the recognition sequence. In other instances-for example where the nuclease is relatively non-specific in its choice of cleavage sequence-such a strategy is not possible, in which case cell death can be avoided by the action of inhibitor proteins. Hence, nuclease inhibitors serve an important cellular role, exemplified by the inhibitor ICAD which inhibits the activity of caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease, an enzyme involved in the degradation of DNA during apoptosis (3).
Subcellular Localization Of Biological Molecules
Authors: Cumming Richard , Durrant Ian , Fallon Rachel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The complexity of higher organisms is due in part to the wide variety of tissues and cells which have become specialized for different functions. Cells can often be differentiated from each other on the basis of size, shape, fine structural differences and phenotypic molecular markers. Techniques such as tissue culture can help to elucidate the function of individual cell types by growing and manipulating them under controlled conditions. A further degree of complexity comes from the organization of structures within the cell; at the simplest level we can divide the cell into nucleus and cytoplasm, while sophisticated techniques allow distinction between many different structures such as mitochondria, lyzosomes, ribosomes, etc. It is now widely appreciated that these structures perform varied cellular functions and that different molecules are localized within different subcellular compartments (e.g. neuronal compartmentalization of cytoskeletal proteins) (1). In addition to the well-known movement of nucleic acids between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, it is now known, for example, that translocation of specific molecules from one region of the cell to another appears to represent the mechanism of action of molecules including steroids, cyclic nucleotides and receptors.
Pharmacological Techniques
Authors: Beresford Isabel J M , Allen Michael J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Radioligands are essential for many types of pharmacological assay. A vast array of radiolabelled agents is now commercially available, including agonists and antagonists for a huge number of receptors, markers of G protein activation, signal transduction molecules, enzyme substrates and ions. Suppliers of these agents include Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, American Radiolabeled Chemicals, Cambridge Research Biochemicals, ICN Pharmaceuticals Ltd, NEN Life Science Products and Sigma-Aldrich Co. Ltd (for addresses see Appendix). In this chapter, we provide protocols for receptor binding and functional assays for enzymes, ion channels and G-protein-coupled receptors.
Theoretical and Pragmatical Challenges in Game Studies in Brazil
Authors: Andrade Vinicius Oliveira de , Moraes Yago Luksevicius de , Tavares Hermano 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The video game industry is increasing worldwide and Brazil is the leading market in South America. Abuse of video games has been an international concern for a few decades and the World Health Organization included gaming disorder in the 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases.

Method:
In this article, we cite some academic works and our own experiences to reflect about obstacles commonly found by researchers, beginning with the lack of a consensual definition of what is gaming. Then, we show some characteristics of the Brazilian scenario regarding research about gaming in general and clinical practices about gaming disorder in particular and discuss how sociopolitical traits may impact them.

Conclusions:
Finally, we discuss some options to avoid pathologizing normal behaviour and the importance of connections between psychiatrists and other groups from within and outside academia, such as researchers from game design and politicians, respectively.

Arrière-plan:
L’industrie des jeux vidéo se développe dans le monde entier et le Brésil est le marché principal d’Amérique du Sud. L’abus de jeux vidéo est une préoccupation internationale depuis quelques décennies et l’Organisation mondiale de la santé a inclus le trouble du jeu dans la 11e version de la classification internationale des maladies.

Mèthode:
Dans cet article, nous passons en revue certains obstacles fréquemment rencontrés par les chercheurs, à commencer par l’absence de définition consensuelle de ce qu’est le jeu. Ensuite, nous montrons certaines caractéristiques du scénario brésilien concernant la recherche sur le jeu en général et les pratiques cliniques sur le trouble du jeu en particulier, et nous discutons de la manière dont les caractéristiques sociopolitiques peuvent les influencer.

Conclusion:
Enfin, nous discutons de certaines options pour éviter de pathologiser un comportement normal et de l’importance des liens entre les psychiatres et d’autres groupes à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur du monde universitaire, tels que respectivement les chercheurs en conception de jeux et les politiciens.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Predictor of Outcome in Congenital Lymphatic Malformations of the Neck
Authors: Penington Anthony , Holmes Angela , Vrazas John 
Published: November 2023

Objectives:
To identify factors on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that predict the outcomes of children with congenital lymphatic malformations (LMs) of the neck.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, a quaternary pediatric referral hospital.

Patients:
All children referred to the vascular anomalies service with LM identified at birth or in the first month of life were born between 1991 and 2015.

Outcome measurements:
Pattern of involvement on MRI imaging, need for intervention for respiratory difficulty, documented episodes of infection, and aesthetic outcomes.

Results:
MRI images were available for 27 of 30 patients with LM of the neck present at or soon after birth. Of these, 10 (37%) met the primary outcome of undergoing any intervention whose intention was stated to be for airway compromise, which occurred between 7 days and 4 years of age. The intervention was more likely when MRI showed parapharyngeal involvement (P < .001), although not all cases with parapharyngeal disease required respiratory intervention. Risk increases if other regions of the neck were also involved. Overall, 2 broad patterns of disease were identified, a “posterior pattern” which was typically macrocystic and unilateral, and an “anterior pattern” which was microcystic and bilateral and more likely to have airway compromise. Thirteen patients (48%) had documented episodes of infection.

Conclusion:
Patterns of disease on MRI are identified which are associated with a greater risk of requiring intervention for airway obstruction. Children with congenital LM of the neck are at high risk of infective episodes.
Treatment strategies for malignant pulmonary nodule: beyond lobectomy. Point-counterpoint
Authors: Chang Aliss Tsz Ching , Ng Calvin S.H. , Nezami Nariman 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review
Technological advancement in low-dose computed tomography resulted in an increased incidental discovery of early-stage lung cancer and multifocal ground glass opacity. The demand for parenchyma-preserving treatment strategies is greater now than ever. Pulmonary ablative therapy is a groundbreaking technique to offer local ablative treatment in a lung-sparing manner. It has become a promising technique in lung cancer management with its diverse applicability. In this article, we will review the current development of ablative therapy in lung and look into the future of this innovative technique.

Recent findings
Current literature suggests that ablative therapy offers comparable local disease control to other local therapies and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), with a low risk of complications. In particular, bronchoscopic microwave ablation (BMWA) has considerably fewer pleural-based complications due to the avoidance of pleural puncture. BMWA can be considered in the multidisciplinary treatment pathway as it allows re-ablation and allows SBRT after BMWA.

Summary
With the benefits which ablative therapy offers and its ability to incorporate into the multidisciplinary management pathway, we foresee ablative therapy, especially BMWA gaining significance in lung cancer treatment. Future directions on developing novel automated navigation platforms and the latest form of ablative energy would further enhance clinical outcomes for our patients.
Implementation Science Research in Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
Authors: Woods-Hill Charlotte Z. , Wolfe Heather , Malone Sara , Steffen Katherine M. , Agulnik Asya , Flaherty Brian F. , Barbaro Ryan P. , Dewan Maya , Kudchadkar Sapna R. ,   and the Excellence in Pediatric Implementation Science (ECLIPSE) for the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVES:Delay or failure to consistently adopt evidence-based or consensus-based best practices into routine clinical care is common, including for patients in the PICU. PICU patients can fail to receive potentially beneficial diagnostic or therapeutic interventions, worsening the burden of illness and injury during critical illness. Implementation science (IS) has emerged to systematically address this problem, but its use of in the PICU has been limited to date. We therefore present a conceptual and methodologic overview of IS for the pediatric intensivist.DESIGN:The members of Excellence in Pediatric Implementation Science (ECLIPSE; part of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators Network) represent multi-institutional expertise in the use of IS in the PICU. This narrative review reflects the collective knowledge and perspective of the ECLIPSE group about why IS can benefit PICU patients, how to distinguish IS from quality improvement (QI), and how to evaluate an IS article.RESULTS:IS requires a shift in one’s thinking, away from questions and outcomes that define traditional clinical or translational research, including QI. Instead, in the IS rather than the QI literature, the terminology, definitions, and language differs by specifically focusing on relative importance of generalizable knowledge, as well as aspects of study design, scale, and timeframe over which the investigations occur.CONCLUSIONS:Research in pediatric critical care practice must acknowledge the limitations and potential for patient harm that may result from a failure to implement evidence-based or professionals’ consensus-based practices. IS represents an innovative, pragmatic, and increasingly popular approach that our field must readily embrace in order to improve our ability to care for critically ill children.
“Limping gallop”: leader resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Vuori Johanna 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThis article provides an in-depth study of leader resilience during the prolonged COVID-19 crisis.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on interviews with leaders in the hotel, retail and manufacturing industries during the pandemic. The analytical framework is individual resilience as both a process and an outcome. The analysis method is a combination of deductive and inductive content analysis.FindingsThis study offers a rich description of the interaction among the behavioural, situational and individual factors influencing leaders during the various stages of the global COVID-19 crisis.Originality/valueHighlighting the role of leaders' personal reflections on the interaction between resilience factors and leaders' identity work, this paper contributes to the field by introducing an extended model of leader resilience.
Demographic study of the box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) feeding on Buxus hyrcana (Buxales: Buxaceae)
Authors: Loghmani Ghodsiyeh , Rahmani Shima , Kiadaliri Hadi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cydalima perspectalis (Walker 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a destructive pest that has recently been reported from the ancient Hyrcanian forests feeding on leaves and shoots of Buxus hyrcana Pojarkova.
To gain a deeper insight into the biology and population dynamics of C. perspectalis, a laboratory population was studied under controlled conditions. The moth was reared on B. hyrcana at 25 ± 1°C, 65 ± 10% RH and 16 h:8 h (L:D), and the data obtained were used to build a life table, adjusted to allow for the evaluation of the stage duration, for both males and females.
The mean adult survival was 11.94 ± 0.26 days, the pre‐oviposition period lasted, on average, for 6.71 ± 0.18 days and the mean fecundity attained was 58.19 ± 7.81 eggs/female. Newly emerged females had a life expectancy (exj) of 14 days and males 19 days.
The intrinsic rate of increase for the population was 0.05 ± 0.00 days−1, and the net reproductive rate was 24.05 ± 3.95 offspring/female. The biological and ecological data obtained allowed for the estimation of C. perspectalis biotic potential, thus contributing to the development of sustainable control methods for this pest and, consequently, to a reduction of the damage caused to box trees.
Implicit association tests: Stimuli validation from participant responses
Authors: Hogenboom Sally A. M. , Schulz Katrin , van Maanen Leendert 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Implicit Association Test (IAT, Greenwald et al., J. Pers. Soc. Psychol., 74, 1998, 1464) is a popular instrument for measuring attitudes and (stereotypical) biases. Greenwald et al. (Behav. Res. Methods, 54, 2021, 1161) proposed a concrete method for validating IAT stimuli: appropriate stimuli should be familiar and easy to classify – translating to rapid (response times <800 ms) and accurate (error < 10%) participant responses. We conducted three analyses to explore the theoretical and practical utility of these proposed validation criteria. We first applied the proposed validation criteria to the data of 15 IATs that were available via Project Implicit. A bootstrap approach with 10,000 ‘experiments’ of 100 participants showed that 5.85% of stimuli were reliably valid (i.e., we are more than 95% confident that a stimulus will also be valid in a new sample of 18‐ to 25–year‐old US participants). Most stimuli (78.44%) could not be reliably validated, indicating a less than 5% certainty in the outcome of stimulus (in)validity for a new sample of participants. We then explored how stimulus validity differs across IATs. Results show that only some stimuli are consistently (in)valid. Most stimuli show between‐IAT variances, which indicate that stimulus validity differs across IAT contexts. In the final analysis, we explored the effect of stimulus type (images, nouns, names, adjectives) on stimulus validity. Stimulus type was a significant predictor of stimulus validity. Although images attain the highest stimulus validity, raw data show large differences within stimulus types. Together, the results indicate a need for revised validation criteria. We finish with practical recommendations for stimulus selection and (post‐hoc) stimulus validation.
Design in Translational Research: Co‐creating for the Future of Healthcare Design at the Live Well Collaborative
Authors: Ilhan Isil Oygur , Vogel Craig M. , Dunseath Linda 
Published: November 2023

Translational research targets implementing knowledge from labs, clinics, and the community in healthcare practice.Great partnerships provide an excellent setting for innovative design to take place. See how many pieces have fallen into place to implement translational research in a healthcare setting—a partnership that's leading to better health outcomes.
Association of possible sarcopenia with major chronic diseases and multimorbidity among middle‐aged and older adults: Findings from a national cross‐sectional study in China
Authors: Zhao Xiaoguang , Zhang Hongjun , Yu Jiabin , Wang Jin 
Published: November 2023

AimThis study investigated the prevalence of possible sarcopenia (PSA) in a large sample of middle‐aged and older adults, and determined the association between PSA, major chronic diseases and the number of chronic diseases.MethodsA total of 14 917 adults aged ≥40 years were included in the analysis. The handgrip strength and the five‐time chair stand test were used to assess PSA. The participants' major chronic diseases were divided into 14 categories. Four categories were created based on the participants' number of chronic illnesses: 0, 1, 2 and ≥3.ResultsThe present study found an overall prevalence of PSA of 23.6% among Chinese middle‐aged and older adults aged ≥40 years, with the risk increasing with advancing age. PSA was significantly associated with most categories of chronic diseases and multimorbidity. The closely independent associations were obtained for stroke; emotional, nervous or psychiatric problems; chronic lung disease, asthma, heart disease, hypertension and arthritis or rheumatism. Compared with participants with 0 chronic disease, those with two or more chronic diseases had higher odds for PSA. However, the association between PSA and the number of chronic diseases varied in different sex and age groups.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that PSA is associated with major chronic diseases among middle‐aged and older adults. People with two or more chronic diseases have a greater likelihood of PSA compared with those without chronic diseases, and the association between PSA and the number of chronic diseases largely depended on sex and age. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 925–931.
The presence of native aromatic species in understorey plant communities predicts reduced infestation by olive fruit flies in olive orchards on Lesvos Island
Authors: Stattegger Sophie R. , Tscheulin Thomas , Mescher Mark C. , Kizos Thanasis , De Moraes Consuelo M. , Meyer Stefan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae) (Rossi) is the most economically important insect pest in many olive cultivation areas worldwide. However, levels of infestation by this pest show remarkable variability, even among orchards in close proximity to one another. While the factors driving this variability remain uncertain, there is evidence that the presence of native plants species can influence pest populations in agro‐ecosystems via various mechanisms, suggesting that variation in the composition of understorey plant communities might plausibly play a role. In this study, we first used field trapping and plant community surveys to explore the effect of the native understorey plants Cistus creticus (Cistaceae), Lavandula stoechas (Lamiaceae), Origanum onites (Lamiaceae) and Sarcopoterium spinosum (Rosaceae) on the abundance of B. oleae across 40 olive orchards on Lesvos Island (Greece). These four plant species are widely spread in many olive orchards. Our results revealed a relationship between the plant community and the intensity of flies captured in McPhail traps, and identified the plant species C. creticus and S. spinosum whose presence was negatively correlated with fly abundance (estimate = −0.047, −0.091, respectively). The subsequent laboratory behavioural experiments revealed that exposure to olfactory cues from C. creticus and S. spinosum reduced fly attraction to odours from the olive host (Olea europaea) by 10%. These results thus reveal a relationship between the infestation levels by B. oleae and the composition of the plant community in olive orchards on Lesvos and suggest a plausible mechanism via which olfactory cues from native aromatic species might influence fly recruitment. More generally, these findings highlight the potentially important role of understorey communities in mediating resistance to B. oleae and other agricultural pests.
Rapamycin extenuates experimental colitis by modulating the gut microbiota
Authors: Guo Xue , Xu Jing , Huang Chen , Zhang Yan , Zhao Hailan , Zhu Minzheng , Wang Jiaqi , Nie Yuqiang , Xu Haoming , Zhou Yongjian , Zhou Youlian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and AimAutophagy and gut microbiota correlates closely with the inflammatory bowel disease. Herein, we aimed to study the roles of rapamycin on the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease.MethodsAcute colitis was induced with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid solution in mice. Mice were administered with rapamycin or hydroxychloroquine. Weight loss, disease activity index scores, histopathological score, serum inflammatory cytokines, intestinal permeability, and colonic autophagy‐related proteins were detected. Cecal content was also preserved in liquid nitrogen and subsequently analyzed following the 16S DNA sequencing. The antibiotic cocktail‐induced microbiome depletion was performed to further investigate the relationship between autophagy activation and gut microbiota.ResultsCompared with the control group, the colonic autophagy‐related proteins of P62, mTOR, and p‐mTOR increased significantly, while the levels of LC3B and ATG16L1 decreased (all P < 0.05) in the model group. After rapamycin intervention, the colonic pathology of mice improved, while the disease activity index score decreased substantially; the colon length increased, and the expression of IL‐6 and TNF‐α decreased. Following hydroxychloroquine treatment, some indicators suggested aggravation of colitis. Principal coordinates analysis showed that the DSS group was located on a separate branch from the rapamycin group but was closer to the hydroxychloroquine group. Compared with the DSS group, the rapamycin group was associated with higher abundances of f_Lactobacillaceae (P = 0.0151), f_Deferribacteraceae (P = 0.0290), g_Lactobacillus (P = 0.0151), g_Mucispirillum (P = 0.0137), s_Lactobacillus_reuteri (P = 0.0028), and s_Clostridium_sp_Culture_Jar‐13 (P = 0.0082) and a lower abundance of s_Bacteroides_sartorii (P = 0.0180). Linear discriminant analysis effect size showed that rapamycin increased the abundances of Lactobacillus‐reuteri, Prevotellaceae, Paraprevotella, Christensenella and Streptococcus and decreased those of Peptostreptococcaceae and Romboutsia Bacteroides‐sartorii. Besides, the improvement effect of autophagy activation on colitis disappears following gut microbiome depletion.ConclusionThe therapeutic effects of rapamycin on extenuating experimental colitis may be related to the gut microbiota.