bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antitrust Law in China, Korea and Vietnam
Authors: Furse Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Following China’s entry into the WTO in September 2001, it has been keen to establish itself among trading parties as a market economy. In recent years it has become one of the largest trading nations in the world, and is a source of substantial inward investment. In recognition of these developments, the government has undertaken a major overhaul and modernisation of its competition law, superseding the outdated and disparate provisions previously in place, with new legislation in 2007. China’s near neighbours, Vietnam and South Korea, likewise have vibrant economies and have had strong trading relationships with the west for many years. This book is the first to cover the practical implications of the developments in competition law in these countries. It is aimed at practising lawyers and company advisors, giving a clear description of the new antitrust law in China, the established antitrust law in Taiwan and Korea, and the underdeveloped law in Vietnam. It also considers developments in Hong Kong, which is in the process of introducing a general law of antitrust. The first part of the book gives a concise introduction to antitrust laws and policies in the jurisdictions covered, as well as an introduction to standards in antitrust law for those new to the area. China, Taiwan, Korea and Vietnam each have five chapters devoted to discussion of the regime in general, its institutional shape, the substantive laws relating to agreements, dominant or monopoly firm conduct, merger control and procedures. The relevant legislation is explained and the principles clarified by references to guidelines, practice and relevant decisions and cases. In the case of Hong Kong a single chapter discusses the proposals brought forward by the legislature. Particular attention is paid to the extent to which antitrust laws in each jurisdiction may be applied to parties who are not citizens in those jurisdictions. This book is invaluable to lawyers advising clients engaging in international trade and commerce with and within these territories, and besides giving a clear explanation of the position of the law, it also contains translations of the core relevant legislation for each of the jurisdictions. Academics specialising in international competition law will find this a concise and informative text for consultation.
Writing Critical Management Studies
Authors: Parker Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
CMS is still a new baby in academic terms. Newer even than business ethics. At the time of writing it is probably approaching its tenth birthday, a birthday which might be commonly dated with the publication of Alvesson’s and Will- mott’s Critical Management Studies in 1992. Since then, the title has become a term—even a ‘brand’ (P. Thompson 2001)—and it is now possible to identify yourself as someone who does CMS, as opposed to managerial studies of business, the latter including most of business ethics. In making such an identity claim, and hence claim to be a member of the CMS community too, the author will be saying something about his or her political sympathies— broad left, pro-feminist, anti-imperialist, environmentally concerned and so on—as well as usually expressing a certain distrust for conventional positivist formulations of knowledge within the social sciences.
Arbitration of International Business Disputes
Authors: Park William W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Arbitration of International Business Disputes: Studies in Law and Practice is a collection of articles by William W. Park, one of the leading scholars in international commercial arbitration. The book is a coherent and focused collection of his most significant and timeless articles on business dispute arbitration. The essays address some of the most controversial and interesting questions that have arisen in cross-border business dispute resolution over the past 25 years, particularly in relation to trade, finance and investment disputes. In this rapidly growing and evolving area of law, many of these debates have recurred over several decades and remain subject to radically different views. Examples of the issues examined by Professor Park are the proper role of national arbitration statutes, investment arbitration under free trade agreements, and the balance between fixed rules and arbitral discretion. The book is structured around three themes: arbitration's legal framework; the organisation and conduct of arbitral proceedings, which focuses on the tensions between fairness and efficiency, and substantive norms; and a comparison of the application of arbitration as applied to various specific fields such as finance, intellectual property and taxation. The original articles have been thoroughly revised and updated to provide a contemporary perspective, while the collection is prefaced by a major new article, Procedural Evolution in Business Arbitration:, which draws together the key themes. The foreword has been written by Gabrielle Kaufmann-Kohler, former President of the Swiss Arbitration Association. The book will appeal to serious arbitration practitioners and academics alike.
Calculating the Compensatory Award: Pensions
Authors: Korn Anthony , Sethi Mohinderpal 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In one sense pension loss is no different from other monetary losses that flow from a dismissal or an act of discrimination. But it deserves special treatment not only because pension loss may be one of the Claimant ‘s most financially material losses but also because defining and assessing such loss is not always straightforward. The right to recover compensation for loss of pension following an unfair dismissal was established as long ago as 1974 by the NIRC in Copson v Eversure Accessories Ltd[1974] IRLR 247. It is now a well-established component of the compensatory award.
Calculating the Compensatory Award: Loss of Statutory Rights
Authors: Korn Anthony , Sethi Mohinderpal 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The final head of compensation established by Norton Tool Co Ltd v Tewson[1973] 1 All ER 183 is compensation for loss of statutory rights such as the temporary loss of the right to claim unfair dismissal, redundancy, or maternity leave in future employment owing to the need to requalify for these rights. This head is somewhat inconsistent with the general principle that compensation should only be awarded for financial loss and it would appear from the EAT ‘s decision in Harvey v The Institute of the Motor Industry (No. 2)[1995] IRLR 416, that industrial tribunals will not err in law if they fail to make such an award or fail to give reasons for not making such an award, though the latter must be open to doubt (Meek v City of Birmingham[1987] IRLR 250).
Ex Gratia Payments and Other Deductions
Authors: Korn Anthony , Sethi Mohinderpal 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The primary purpose of the statutory provisions is to prevent employees from receiving both a basic award and a redundancy payment. However, where an employee receives an enhanced redundancy payment, i.e., a payment over and above the statutory maximum, this may be set off against the compensatory award, but this applies only where redundancy is found to be the true reason for dismissal (Boorman v Allmakes Ltd[1995] IRLR 553). The relevant statutory provisions are examined in greater detail below.
Tribunal Procedures
Authors: Korn Anthony , Sethi Mohinderpal 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Employment Tribunals (Constitution and Rules of Procedure) Regulations 2004 (SI 2004/1861), which came into force on 1 October 2004, mark the start of a new era in employment tribunal procedures. It is perhaps fair to say that the Employment Tribunals (Constitution and Rules of Procedure) Regulations 2001 (SI 2001/1171), and in Scotland (SI 2001/1170), already represented a move away from the previous more informal approach towards giving greater importance to the efficient management of the tribunal system.
Regulation Through Authorisation, Requirement, And Approval
Authors: Russen Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses the manner in which the FSA controls those operating within the financial services market in fulfilment of the statutory objectives set out in the Introduction to this book, by ensuring that appropriate standards of conduct and behaviour are met. In Financial Services Authority v Fradley, Arden LJ explained the system of authorisation as follows: The FSMA is a portmanteau statute dealing with all kinds of investment activity, not just activities in traditional investments such as securities. The former system of self-regulation in specific areas has been abolished.
Introduction
Authors: Ashton John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The second edition of any book must be both the same as and different from the first. Too many changes and you have a different book, too few and you have no right to speak of a second edition at all. In this new edition I have dropped the whole of the previous Part I, which took up well over 100 pages, and replaced it with a completely reworked introduction. The previous ‘Questions and Answers’ has been omitted because it was really little more than a ground-clearing exercise. It offered a history of the questions addressed to the Gospel during two centuries of critical scholarship and assessed the situation at the close of the 1980s. Since then there has been no major advance in Johannine studies, but of course a great deal has been written, much of it good, some of it awful. Any detailed assessment of this subsequent work would in my view be of little help in setting the scene for the new edition of my own book. This introduction there-fore simply restates the aims of the book, taking account of certain developments and alterations in my views.
Solid state lasers
Authors: Henderson B , Imbusch G F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The word laser is an acronym meaning light 1mplification by timulated mission of adiation. The importance of the spontaneous and stimulated emission processes first introduced by Einstein have already been stressed in Chapter 4. Amplification of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave region was proposed independently by workers in the USA and the USSR during 1953--55. Subsequently Townes and Schawlow (1958) discussed the very precise practical conditions required to obtain amplification of the stimulated emission process in the optical region. They also discussed a number of schemes for operational lasers in both gaseous and solid media. Indeed these workers first suggested the use of the fluorescent lines emitted by Cr3+ in ruby. Schawlow believed that because stimulated emission in the R1- line terminated on the ground state, laser action at this wavelength would be difficult to achieve, and so Schawlow and Devlin (1961) demonstrated that laser action can be obtained from N1- and Nz-lines in ruby. which are associated with exchange-coupled pairs of Cr3+ ions. However, the prize of producing the first operational laser went to Maiman (1960), who demonstrated R1-line laser action in ruby by using the very high excitation intensities from a xenon flash lamp. Maiman’s laser, therefore, operated in the pulsed mode. Since the ruby laser involves the sharp R1-line it is essentially a single-frequency device. Lasers based on emission from rare-earth ions e.g. Nd·1 “, Ho3 •· etc., are also restricted to single-frequency output. In contrast the outputs from dye lasers are tunable over wide wavelength ranges. Early in the history of the laser Johnson et al. (1963, 1964, 1966) observed laser action in the broad phonon-assisted emission bands from transition metal ions in ionic crystals, indicating the potential of such materials for tunable solid state lasers. Commercial development of tunable solid state lasers, however, awaited exploitation of the colour centre laser by Burleigh Instruments and the alexandrite laser (8eAl204: Cr3 +) by Allied Chemicals.
Clinical Negligence: A Practitioner’s Handbook
Authors: Cameron Cecily , QC Elizabeth-Anne Gumbel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This new text is a comprehensive guide to investigating and litigating clinical negligence claims, written by two leading practitioners in the field. Aimed particularly at practitioners who are looking to develop their practice in this complex and often emotive area, the book provides a general overview of the law relating to clinical negligence, and focuses on the practical aspects of running a claim. Structured chronologically, the book looks first at the relevant law of negligence and limitation, then at key preliminary matters, including exploring complaints and disciplinary procedures, the possibility of early settlement, risk analysis, limitation, and costs. It goes on to provide detailed guidance on the investigation process as to whether a claim is viable, and to cover every aspect of clinical negligence litigation, from the pre-action protocol and issuing proceedings, to managing witnesses and expert evidence, damages, and trial. Practical, user-friendly guidance is included throughout the text on client care, maintaining effective relationships between solicitors and counsel, case management, and procedure. The book details the particular considerations and difficulties that apply to clinical negligence that distinguish it from other personal injury litigation, such as the development of the law of negligence in the field, the technical complexity of the evidence, and risk analysis. It also describes the external organisations that provide the context to the area, and the business considerations that must be understood if the work is to be undertaken profitably, including guidance on funding (Legal Services Commission, private and Conditional Fee Agreement) and insurance. Specific issues of difficulty, such as the differences between public and private sector defendants, are covered in full, and there are sections on particularly complex topics that can arise in practice such as fatal cases, hospital-acquired infections, and cost of upbringing cases. The text is complemented by a useful precedents section, which is organised in a thematic way to ensure ease of reference. Co-written by a solicitor and a barrister, the book benefits from their differing perspectives and experiences of the litigation process, which ensures that all crucial elements of case preparation and presentation, and the relevant law and practice, is covered in a clear and logical way. Clinical Negligence: A Practitioner’s Handbook will be invaluable to junior solicitors and barristers working in the field, practitioners with a working knowledge of personal injury law who are beginning to develop a clinical negligence practice, medical professionals with an interest in medico-legal issues, and relevant legal and voluntary sector organisations.
Solvation thermodynamics
Authors: Ben-Naim Arieh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The study of solvation thermodynamics has a very long history. Almost any experiment carried out in a solution necessarily involves solvation. Prior to the 1970s there were several quantities referred to as standard Gibbs energies of solution (or hydration, when the solvent is water). All of these were defined in terms of a process of transferring of a solute from a specified standard state in the gaseous phase into some other standard state in the liquid phase. It was not at all clear which of these quantities is truly a measure of the Gibbs energy of interaction between the solute and the solvent. It is no wonder that Lewis and Randall (1961) have written on this matter: “Of all the applications of thermodynamics to chemistry, none has in the past presented greater difficulty, or been subject to more misunderstanding.” Traditionally, solvation was studied within the context of thermodynamics. In this context, it could be studied only in the limit of very dilute solution, i.e., in the concentration range when Henry’s law is obeyed.
Local composition and preferential solvation
Authors: Ben-Naim Arieh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we discuss an important application of the Kirkwood–Buff integrals. We first define the local composition around any molecule in the mixture. Comparison of the local with the global composition leads to the concept of preferential solvation (PS). After defining the local composition and preferential solvation, we turn to discuss these quantities in more detail: first, in three-component systems and later in two-component systems. This “order” of systems is not accidental. The concept of PS was first defined and studied only in three-component systems: a solute sdiluted in a two-component solvent. It is only in such systems that the concept of PS could have been defined within the traditional approach to solvation †. However, with the new concept of solvation, as defined in section 7.2, one can define and study the PS in the entire range of compositions of two-component systems. In the last section of this chapter, we present a few representative examples of systems for which a complete local characterization is available. These examples should convince the reader that local characterization of mixture is not only equivalent to its global characterization, but also offers an alternative and more informative view of the mixture in terms of the local properties around each species in the mixture. We also present here a brief discussion of two difficult but important systems: electrolyte and protein solutions. It is hoped that these brief comments will encourage newcomers into the field to further study these topics of vital importance.
Security After The Enterprise Act
Authors: Stevens Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After the developments of the last three years, secured lenders may be forgiven for feeling that they have been subject to a ‘double whammy’ from Parliament and the courts. One of the consequences of the Enterprise Act 2002 was that floating charges within its scope became less attractive forms of security. For the lender who wishes to take security, the pressing question is what alternatives to the floating charge are available in order to avoid some of the consequences of the Act? The decision of the House of Lords in Re Spectrum Plus Ltd has placed serious limits on the ability of secured lenders to use flxed security either as an alternative to, or in conjunction with the floating charge.
Should we Redistribute in Insolvency?
Authors: Armour John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The House of Lords’ decision in Re Spectrum Plus concerned the appropriate characterization of a security over book debts as a flxed or floating charge. The question matters primarily because a floating charge is subordinated by statute to various other claims in the insolvency of the debtor, whereas a flxed charge is not. This chapter uses the example of the floating charge to argue that such statutory redistribution between claimants in corporate insolvency is generally undesirable.
Romania
Authors: Virtopeanu Cristina , Radu Alina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are no provisions under the securities legislation or guidelines from the NSC making distinction between offering to enter into arrangements arising out of pre-existing relationships or contacting new clients. Providing financial investment services related to derivative contracts traded on regulated markets within Romania shall trigger licensing requirements from Romanian authorities, except for the case when such activities shall be provided by entities authorized in an EU member state based upon the single passport principle. Insurance services—According to the Insurance Regulatory Act, insurance/re-insurance companies and insurance/re-insurance intermediaries authorized in the EU/EEA which provide their services on the Romanian insurance market based on the single passport principle, are allowed to advertise their products or services in Romania provided the general legal provisions applicable in the advertising field are observed. The insurance regulations do not make any distinction between offering to enter into arrangements arising out of pre-existing relationships and offerings to new clients.
Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Abdul’Ali Muhd Jamil Abas bin , Co Davidson 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The principal regulatory authority that regulates banking, insurance, and securities activities in Brunei Darussalam is the Ministry of Finance. The main enforcement powers that the relevant authorities have include powers to call for relevant information and/or documents, investigate or appoint other professionals to investigate and make reports, and/ or suspend or revoke licences, impose additional or varied conditions, and bring charges in a court of law. The authors are not aware of any proposed changes at the time of writing.
Indonesia
Authors: Ginting Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Under the Banking Law and its implementing regulation, any party engaged in banking activities (which are defined to include deposit taking and the use of such deposits for lending) must obtain a licence from Bank Indonesia. A lending activity, however, would be treated as a general commercial transaction that does not require specific licensing from Bank Indonesia. In practice, there are many cross-border lending transactions from foreign lenders to Indonesian borrowers. Bank Indonesia imposes limits on the percentage of a bank’s total capital which may be extended to afflliated or non-afflliated customers. A bank may not extend credit in excess of 10% of its capital to afflliates, 20% of its capital to its non-afflliated individual borrowers, and 25% of its capital to a non-afflliated group of borrowers.
The Language Of Physics
Authors: Cullerne John P , Machacek Anton 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book introduces physics to a first year undergraduate in the language of mathematics. As such it aims to give a mathematical foundation to the physics taught pre-university, as well as extending it to the skills and disciplines approached during a first degree course in physical science or engineering. It bridges two gaps in modern education—between the level of difficulty in pre-university study and undergraduate study, and between mathematics and physics. Many of the concepts are revised or introduced in the course of ‘workshop’ questions which are an integral part of the text. Fully explained solutions to these workshops are given as a substantial appendix to the book. The student will be enabled to study classical mechanics in terms of vector calculus, fields in terms of line and surface integrals, oscillations and waves in terms of complex exponentials and so on. As far as we are aware, this book is unique in its aim, its content, and its approach.