bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Faliscans and the Capenates
Authors: Biella Maria Cristina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Among the least mentioned peoples of central pre-Roman Italy, both the epigraphic and the archaeological records give us the opportunity to distinguish the Faliscan and Capenate cultures, which have often been inaccurately lumped together in the archaeological literature. The Capenates spoke an Italic language and the Faliscans a kind of Latin dialect, but both their cultures were strongly influenced by their neighbors, the Etruscans. This chapter follows the development of the two regions in the Iron Age, when the main settlements took shape in the lower Tiber River Valley, with cultural and commercial links to both the central Tyrrhenian and the inner Italic communities. The growing complexity of the political structures is evident from the sacred areas, the necropoleis, and, more generally, the infrastructure. From the fifth century onward, Rome’s interest in the area escalated; in the conflicts that ensued, the Faliscans and Capenates often fought on the Etruscans’ side. Ultimately, of course, both areas were annexed by Rome.
Characterization and closed-loop control of infrared thalamocortical stimulation produces spatially constrained single-unit responses
Authors: Coventry Brandon S , Lawlor Georgia L , Bagnati Christina B , Krogmeier Claudia , Bartlett Edward L 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a powerful tool for the treatment of circuitopathy-related neurological and psychiatric diseases and disorders such as Parkinson's disease and obsessive-compulsive disorder, as well as a critical research tool for perturbing neural circuits and exploring neuroprostheses. Electrically mediated DBS, however, is limited by the spread of stimulus currents into tissue unrelated to disease course and treatment, potentially causing undesirable patient side effects. In this work, we utilize infrared neural stimulation (INS), an optical neuromodulation technique that uses near to midinfrared light to drive graded excitatory and inhibitory responses in nerves and neurons, to facilitate an optical and spatially constrained DBS paradigm. INS has been shown to provide spatially constrained responses in cortical neurons and, unlike other optical techniques, does not require genetic modification of the neural target. We show that INS produces graded, biophysically relevant single-unit responses with robust information transfer in rat thalamocortical circuits. Importantly, we show that cortical spread of activation from thalamic INS produces more spatially constrained response profiles than conventional electrical stimulation. Owing to observed spatial precision of INS, we used deep reinforcement learning (RL) for closed-loop control of thalamocortical circuits, creating real-time representations of stimulus-response dynamics while driving cortical neurons to precise firing patterns. Our data suggest that INS can serve as a targeted and dynamic stimulation paradigm for both open and closed-loop DBS.
SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF CANCER-ASSOCIATED RETINOPATHY WITH INTRAVITREAL DEXAMETHASONE IMPLANT FOLLOWED BY A 0.18-MG FLUOCINOLONE IMPLANT WITHOUT SYSTEMIC IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
Authors: Huang Lingling , Yang Paul , Flaxel Christina , Suhler Eric , Lin Phoebe 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
The aim of the study was to report a case of clinically diagnosed cancer-associated retinopathy successfully treated with intravitreal corticosteroid implants without systemic immunosuppression.

Methods:
This was a case report with multimodal imaging.

Results:
An 80-year-old man without known systemic malignancy presented with debilitating shimmering, hemeralopia, and rapidly progressive bilateral vision loss following uncomplicated cataract surgery. Mild vitritis, extensive photoreceptor loss, mottling of retinal pigment epithelium, and mild vascular attenuation were found in both eyes. Full-field electroretinogram showed severe bilateral rod–cone dysfunction. Infectious etiologies and vitreoretinal lymphoma were ruled out. During cancer workup, intravitreal corticosteroid treatment was offered. Significant anatomical improvement with reconstitution of the ellipsoid zone, improved retinal pigment epithelium irregularities, and functional improvement were observed 3 weeks after bilateral intravitreal dexamethasone implants (Ozurdex). After 2 months, the patient received bilateral intravitreal 0.18-mg fluocinolone acetonide implants (YUTIQ). Later, a colonic adenocarcinoma was found (pathologic stage pT3 pN0). The patient recovered well from surgery, and no chemotherapy was needed. Nine months since bilateral intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide implants (11 months since bilateral intravitreal dexamethasone implants), best-corrected vision maintained at 20/25-2 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye without ongoing treatments. Bilateral reconstitution of ellipsoid zones and near resolution of retinal pigment epithelium irregularities remained stable. Repeat full-field electroretinogram demonstrated improved cone response in the left eye and stable diminished rod response in both eyes. The patient reported resolution of ocular symptoms.

Conclusion:
The sustained improvements with intravitreal corticosteroid monotherapy suggest potential advantages using local therapy over systemic treatment. A long-term follow-up is warranted. Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of using the 0.18-mg fluocinolone implant (YUTIQ) to treat cancer-associated retinopathy.
Exercise and nutrition interventions for renal cachexia
Authors: Slee Adrian , Reid Joanne 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
Renal cachexia is a deleterious condition characterized by weight loss, muscle wasting and loss of physical function, quality of life, and increased mortality. Multimodal treatment strategies utilizing exercise and nutrition interventions have been recently suggested although the evidence base is still in its infancy. This paper aimed to review the current literature surrounding the use of exercise and nutrition for renal cachexia.

Main findings
Evidence from systematic reviews and narrative reviews indicates that resistance training (RT) is proven to have beneficial effects on improving muscle strength and in some cases physical function, although effects on muscle mass are mixed and inconclusive. Further, combined RT and aerobic training (AT) may have also beneficial effects on overall functional capacity and there appears to be no superior mode of protocol (inter/intra-dialysis vs. home-based). For nutrition, there is new data from systematic review of studies indicating that oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) may have beneficial effects on nutritional status (e.g. body mass index, plasma albumin and handgrip strength). Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in haemodialysis patients from two recent systematic reviews, and evidence from other populations groups indicate they may be beneficial for improving muscle mass and strength.

Summary
Evidence is accumulating for individual exercise and nutrition components but specific multimodal treatment studies in renal cachexia need to be urgently undertaken.
Does digitalization affect shariah supervisory board efficiency? Evidence from Islamic banks
Authors: Cherni Sabrine , Ben Amar Anis 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
This study aims to examine how digitalization affects the work efficiency of the Shariah Supervisory Board (SSB) in Islamic banks.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses panel data analysis of annual report disclosures over the past 10 years. The authors have selected 79 Islamic banks for the period ranging from 2012 to 2021. The criteria for SSB efficiency used in this research are disclosure of Zakat and disclosure in the SSB report.

Findings
The econometric results show that digitalization has a positive effect on improving the work efficiency of the SSB in Islamic banks. Accordingly, the authors provide evidence that the higher the bank's digital engagement, the higher the quality of the SSB.

Originality/value
The findings highlight the need to improve the current understanding of SSB structures and governance mechanisms that can better assist Islamic banks in engaging in effective compliance with recent governance and accounting reforms. Moreover, Islamic banks are the most capable and appropriate to implement and activate digitalization because they are based on a vital root calling for development if there are executives believing in it, as well as legislation supporting and serving them.
Bromeliad populations perform distinct ecological strategies across a tropical elevation gradient
Authors: Chaves Cleber J. N. , Cacossi Tami C. , Matos Taynara S. , Bento João P. S. P. , Gonçalves Lucas N. , Silva Simone F. , da Silva‐Ferreira Marcus V. , Barbin Douglas F. , Mayer Juliana L. S. , Sussulini Alessandra , Ribeiro Rafael V. , Palma‐Silva Clarisse 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The effect of environmental gradients on the remarkable diversity of mountain‐associated plants and on the species' abilities to cope with climate change transcends species‐specific strategies. For instance, our understanding of the impact of thermal gradients on ecological divergences in populations of widely distributed species is limited, although it could provide important insights regarding species' response to climate change.

Here, we investigated whether populations of an endemic species broadly distributed across an elevation gradient employ unique or multiple divergent ecological strategies according to specific environmental conditions. We hypothesised that populations employ distinct strategies, producing a tolerance‐avoidance trade‐off related to the thermal conditions they experience across elevations.

We conducted our research with 125 individuals of Pitcairnia flammea (Bromeliaceae) sampled from various elevations spanning from sea level to ~2200 m and cultivated under the same conditions. To assess specific ecological strategies of P. flammea populations across elevations, we examined leaf temperature, heat and cold tolerances, as well as other structural/morphological, optical, physiological and biochemical leaf traits.

We majorly observed that water‐saving traits diminish as elevation increases while membrane fluidity, majorly associated with unsaturated and very‐long‐chain lipids, enhances. Low‐elevation individuals of P. flammea invest in water storage tissues, which likely prevent excessive water loss through the intense transpiration rates under warming periods. Conversely, high‐elevation plants exhibit increased membrane fluidity, a possible response to the stiffening induced by low temperature.

Our results revealed a tolerance‐avoidance trade‐off related to thermal strategies of populations distributed across an elevation gradient. Low‐elevation plants avoid excessive leaf temperature by investing in water‐saving traits to maintain transpiration rates. High‐elevation individuals, in turn, tend to invest in membrane properties to tolerate thermal variations, particularly cold events.

Our findings challenge the conventional notion that plants' vulnerability to warming depends on species‐specific thermal tolerance by showing diverse thermal strategies on populations across an elevation gradient.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
How to identify and quantify the members of the Bacillus genus?
Authors: Xu Xinming , Kovács Ákos T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMembers of the Bacillus genus are widely distributed throughout natural environments and have been studied for decades among others for their physiology, genetics, ecological functions, and applications. However, despite its prevalence in nature, the characterization and classification of Bacillus remain challenging due to its complex and ever‐evolving taxonomic framework. This review addresses the current state of the Bacillus taxonomic landscape and summarizes the critical points in the development of Bacillus phylogeny. With a clear view of Bacillus phylogeny as a foundation, we subsequently review the methodologies applied in identifying and quantifying Bacillus, while also discussing their respective advantages and disadvantages.
Antipsychotic agents in anxiety disorders: An umbrella review
Authors: Garakani Amir , Buono Frank D. , Salehi Mona , Funaro Melissa C. , Klimowicz Anna , Sharma Harshit , Faria Clara G. F. , Larkin Kaitlyn , Freire Rafael C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough not approved for the treatment of anxiety disorders (except trifluoperazine) there is ongoing off‐label, unapproved use of first‐generation antipsychotics (FGAs) and second‐generation antipsychotics (SGAs) for anxiety disorders. There have been systematic reviews and meta‐analyses on the use of antipsychotics in anxiety disorders, most of which focused on SGAs.ObjectiveThe specific aims of this umbrella review are to: (1) Evaluate the evidence of efficacy of FGAs and SGAs in anxiety disorders as an adjunctive treatment to traditional antidepressant treatments and other nonantipsychotic medications; (2) Compare monotherapy with antipsychotics to first‐line treatments for anxiety disorders in terms of effectiveness, risks, and side effects. The review protocol is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021237436).MethodsAn initial search was undertaken to identify systematic reviews and meta‐analyses from inception until 2020, with an updated search completed August 2021 and January 2023. The searches were conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), APA PsycInfo (Ovid), CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost), and the Cochrane Library through hand searches of references of included articles. Review quality was measured using the AMSTAR‐2 (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews) scale.ResultsThe original and updated searches yielded 1796 and 3744 articles respectively, of which 45 were eligible. After final review, 25 systematic reviews and meta‐analyses were included in the analysis. Most of the systematic reviews and meta‐analyses were deemed low‐quality through AMSTAR‐2 with only one review being deemed high‐quality. In evaluating the monotherapies with antipsychotics compared with first‐line treatments for anxiety disorder there was insufficient evidence due to flawed study designs (such as problems with randomization) and small sample sizes within studies. There was limited evidence suggesting efficacy of antipsychotic agents in anxiety disorders other than quetiapine in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).ConclusionsThis umbrella review indicates a lack of high‐quality studies of antipsychotics in anxiety disorders outside of the use of quetiapine in GAD. Although potentially effective for anxiety disorders, FGAs and SGAs may have risks and side effects that outweigh their efficacy, although there were limited data. Further long‐term and larger‐scale studies of antipsychotics in anxiety disorders are needed.
Demographic and clinical profile of 1106 adult soft tissue sarcoma patients: A single institutional prospective database experience from India
Authors: Sharma Jyoti , Deo Surya V. S , Kumar Sunil , Bhoriwal Sandeep , Kar Madhabananda , Barwad Adarsh W , Thulkar Sanjay , Bakhshi Sameer , Sharma D. N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdult soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare and diverse. Current management is based on limited literature from the West. Therefore, data from different geographical regions is required, including the low‐middle‐income countries. This is our experience managing adult sarcomas in the tertiary cancer center of North India.Materials and methodsThis is a retrospective analysis of the structured sarcoma database of patients treated in the surgical oncology department between 1992 and 2020. The descriptive analysis includes demography, site distribution, diagnosis, histopathology variations, prior surgical interventions, and stage.ResultsA total of 1106 soft tissue sarcoma patients were treated in three decades. Age distribution was 13%, 43%, 31%, and 11% in <20, 21–40, and 41–60 and >60 years, respectively. The male‐to‐female ratio was 1.73. The anatomical distribution was 17%, 42%, 23%, 7%, 7%, and 3% in upper extremity, lower extremity, trunk, retroperitoneum, head and neck, and viscera, respectively. Overall, 49% of patients had undergone prior suboptimal surgeries at community hospitals. Common histology subtypes were synovial sarcoma (18%), undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) (13%), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (12%), and liposarcoma (9%). A pathological discordance of 13% was identified between the initial and the final histologies. Overall, 61% of tumors were high‐grade. Memorial Sloan Kettering Stages II and III were present in 33% and 35% of patients, respectively.ConclusionsThis is one of the largest single institutional experiences of STS from the Asian population. Mostly young adults were affected with male preponderance. The lower extremity and trunk were common subsites. Frequent histologies were synovial sarcoma and UPS. A high rate of suboptimal surgical intervention at the community level and pathological discordance was noted. This study highlights the need to establish prospective structured databases for capturing quality information related to rare malignancies and providing insights for future research.
Oncological and reproductive outcomes of endometrial atypical hyperplasia and endometrial cancer patients undergoing conservative therapy with hysteroscopic resection: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhao Shuangshuang , Zhang Jingying , Yan Ye , Tian Lina , Chen Lingli , Zheng Xingyu , Sun Yiqing , Tian Wenyan , Xue Fengxia , Wang Yingmei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionOur objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies evaluating the oncological and reproductive outcomes of patients with endometrial atypical hyperplasia (AH) and endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) undergoing conservative therapy with hysteroscopic resection (HR).Material and methodsThis study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. The study strictly followed the methodological framework proposed by the Cochrane Handbook and was retrospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023469986). Searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, from inception to October 10, 2023. A checklist based on items of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and the Methodological Index for Non‐randomized Studies was used for quality assessment. The primary end points for this meta‐analysis were complete response (CR), pregnancy, and live birth rates following HR‐based therapy in patients with EEC or AH. The secondary end point was the recurrence rate (RR).ResultsTwenty‐one articles involving 407 patients with clinical stage IA, low or intermediate grade, EEC, and 444 patients with AH managed with HR‐based conservative treatment were included for this systematic review. CR to HR‐based conservative therapy was achieved in 88.6% of patients with EEC and 97.0% of patients with AH. Of these, 30.6% and 24.2%, respectively, had live births. The overall pooled disease RR was 18.3% and 10.8% in patients with EEC and AH, respectively. Further subset analyses revealed that EEC patients with body mass index (BMI) ≤28 kg/m2 had higher CR rates as well as higher chances of pregnancy and live birth (91.6% CR, 32.9% pregnancy, 31.1% live birth) compared with patients with BMI >28 kg/m2 (86.4% CR, 28.4% pregnancy, 23.0% live birth). The HR followed by oral progestogen subgroup had higher CR rates and higher chances of pregnancy and live birth (91.8% CR, 36.3% pregnancy, 28.2% live birth) than the HR followed by the levonorgestrel intrauterine system subgroup (82.5% CR, 25.3% pregnancy, 16.3% live birth).ConclusionsHysteroscopic resection followed by progestins appears to be a promising choice for fertility‐sparing treatment in young patients with AH and EEC, with effective and safe responses. The live birth rate remains to be improved by providing medical guidance and encouragement.
Development and validation of the Assessment Inventory on relationship Risks and Resources (AIRR)
Authors: Leth‐Nissen Astrid B. , Fentz Hanne N. , Wellnitz Kaare B. , Trillingsgaard Tea L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to develop and validate the psychometric structure of the Assessment Inventory on relationship Risks and Resources (AIRR), a multidimensional, yet brief, package of existing single‐domain measures (relationship satisfaction, intimacy, trust, commitment, conflict strategies, reconciliation, coparenting, sexual satisfaction, and responsive attention).BackgroundIn evidence‐based approaches to couple interventions, a conceptualization of a couple's key issues and strengths is often an important clinical task.MethodA representative sample of 1,371 individuals, 18–69 years of age and cohabiting with a partner, completed the AIRR online. Initially, we randomly split the data in two halves. On the first split‐half of data, we reduced the number of items, explored the psychometrics, and tested the internal validity of each scale separately as well as combined, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. On the second half, we tested replicability of initial results.ResultsAfter item reduction, each scale in the AIRR showed internal reliabilities (Cronbach's alphas) ranging from .72 to .94. Results confirmed a seven‐factor structure of the 52‐item package with the coparenting scale omitted.Conclusion and implicationsFindings supported the AIRR as a reliable inventory that may effectively assist clinicians in the assessment of relationship risks and resources.
Relationship intimacy in older couples when one partner has mild cognitive impairment: A qualitative study
Authors: Barak Tal , Levkovich Inbar , Ayalon Liat 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveIn this research, we examine perceptions of couple relationships and intimacy among older couples when one partner is diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), based on ambiguous loss theory.BackgroundMany studies have examined couples with one partner affected by dementia, yet few have explored intimacy when the affected partner is diagnosed with MCI.MethodA qualitative‐phenomenological approach in which data were collected through in‐depth, semistructured, face‐to‐face interviews with 16 men and women aged 67–90.ResultsThe nondiagnosed partners live in the present while acknowledging the changes caused by aging and the diagnosis. In contrast, the diagnosed partners tend to live in the past. In line with ambiguous loss theory, the nondiagnosed partners reported that their diagnosed spouses are physically present yet many aspects of their personalities are partially absent.ConclusionThe findings reveal two patterns of coping with the consequences of loss. Understanding these relationships offers insights into how to care for individuals with MCI.ImplicationsThe results highlight that individuals with MCI and their partners do not invariably constitute a homogenous group, necessitating a critical appraisal of partners' roles and expectations before initiating therapeutic interventions.