bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using hydrogeological data to characterize regional Chalk flow processes in East Kent
Authors: Morgan-Jones William 
Published: January 2025

The Chalk of southern England is known to be a dual porosity - dual permeability porous medium, with a very low permeability and high porosity matrix. It has a fracture system providing the transmissivity and a low unconfined storage coefficient of up to 2%.
Conceptualization of regional aquifers is carried out to support regional modelling studies. In such studies, observation well piezometry is of primary importance in understanding the hydrogeology of an area. While flow gauging provides an understanding of surface water responses, observation wells provide spatial detail of the groundwater response within each catchment.
During review of the Environment Agency's East Kent Chalk groundwater model, geomorphological and hydrogeological data were used to characterize the area in two zones; the primary and secondary dip slopes, in the first part of this paper.
The second part of the paper considers quality control and classification of the piezometry responses with respect to permanent and ephemeral Chalk streams and the Chalk escarpment.
The third part of the paper looks at an analysis of lag between rainfall and recharge to the water table. This analysis can help to understand processes in the unsaturated zone and aid their incorporation into groundwater models.
Exploring the Impact of Preoperative Laboratory Values on Short‐Term Outcomes in Complex Carpal Tunnel Decompression Surgery
Authors: Bajaj Anitesh , Khazanchi Rushmin , Shah Rohan M. , Weissman Joshua P. , Sadagopan Nishanth S. , Gosain Arun K. 
Published: January 2025

Background: The present study analyzes the effects of preoperative serum albumin, hematocrit, and creatinine on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing carpal tunnel decompression surgery.Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was queried from 2011 to 2020. Albumin, hematocrit, and creatinine were collected for each patient, alongside covariates. Outcomes included 30‐day medical complications, 30‐day wound complications, return to the operating room, nonhome discharge, and extended postoperative length of stay. Bivariate t‐tests and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted. For any outcome‐laboratory value pairs with significance on regression, area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were constructed.Results: A total of 1440 patients with albumin, 3138 patients with hematocrit, and 3159 patients with creatinine levels were identified. Increased serum albumin was associated with lower odds of medical complications (aOR: 0.479, p = 0.035). An overall cohort cutoff of ≤ 3.5 g/dL (AUC: 0.79, p < 0.001) was predictive of medical complications. On multivariate logistic regression, increased hematocrit reduced the odds of medical complications (aOR: 0.889, p < 0.001). Predictive hematocrit cutoffs of ≤ 39.7% (AUC: 0.77, p < 0.001) and ≤ 36.6% (AUC: 0.74, p < 0.001) were identified for medical complications amongst male and female patients, respectively. Similarly, increased serum creatinine was associated with greater odds of medical complications (aOR: 1.684, p = 0.006). Creatinine cutoffs of ≥ 1.2 mg/dL (AUC: 0.58, p = 0.033) and ≥ 1.0 mg/dL (AUC: 0.59, p = 0.039) were identified for medical complications amongst male and female patients, respectively.Conclusions: Multiple preoperative serum values were predictive of postoperative medical complications, and laboratory value thresholds were identified in this carpal tunnel decompression cohort to aid in risk stratification.
Effects of Gigantochloa apus String Bamboo Fiber Brushes on Heat‐Cured Acrylic Resin Plate Surface Roughness
Authors: Nawawi Azkya Patria , Rahaju Asih , Rivawati Annisha Putri 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of string bamboo fiber brushes (Gigantochloa apus) on the surface roughness of heat‐cured acrylic resin plates.Materials and Methods: This study used a pretest and posttest laboratory experiment with a control group design, with data obtained from the average surface roughness values of heat‐cured acrylic resin plates after brushing using bamboo silk fiber brushes as the test group and conventional denture brushes as the control group.Results: The Shapiro–Wilk test showed that the data were normally distributed, with a total of 32 samples of heat‐cured acrylic resin plates (p = 0.794). The results of this study found that the average surface roughness values of the anatomical surface of heat‐cured acrylic resin plates after being brushed with string bamboo fiber brushes were 0.20 µm and 0.18 µm for the nonanatomical surface. The difference in the average surface roughness of the heat‐cured acrylic resin plates, both on anatomical and nonanatomical surfaces, before and after brushing with string bamboo fiber brushes, was 0.0001 (p  < 0.05).Conclusion: Bamboo denture toothbrushes exhibit a lower abrasive effect than nylon denture toothbrushes, with the abrasiveness remaining below the threshold requirements established for dental materials.
Epigallocatechin Gallate Inhibits Cell Proliferation Promoted by TNFα/IL1β‐NFκB‐PLAU Inflammatory Signaling in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Fei , Li Yuanduo , Zhang Yurui , Zhu Hui , Li Yun , Nie Ying , Sun Junjun , Luo Qiulan , Wang Ruixuan , Zou Xianghui , Chen Zikai 
Published: January 2025

Background: Proinflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL1β drive esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell proliferation. However, the underlying molecular mechanism and potential therapeutic interventions to target this inflammatory signaling remain unclear.Methods: Plasminogen activator urokinase (PLAU) expression was analyzed using the public database (GEO and iProX) and molecular experiments (qRT‐PCR and Western blotting). The DNA‐binding activity of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) at the promoter of PLAU was analyzed using several online servers (AnimalTFDB, JASPAR, PROMO, Cistrome, and UCSC) and confirmed through ChIP‐qPCR. The role of PLAU in ESCC proliferation was investigated through PLAU overexpression experiments, GO annotation, CCK8 assay, and 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay.Results: PLAU expression was significantly higher in ESCC tissues compared to normal tissues and in ESCC cells compared to immortalized esophageal epithelial cells. Treatment with TNFα and IL1β induced NFκB binding at the PLAU promoter in ESCC cells, leading to increased PLAU expression. Conversely, treatment with BAY11‐7082, an NFκB inhibitor, significantly blocked this upregulation. Overexpression of PLAU promoted ESCC cell proliferation. Thus, our findings demonstrate that the TNFα/IL1β‐NFκB‐PLAU axis promotes ESCC cell proliferation. Moreover, EGCG inhibited NFκB binding to the PLAU promoter, thereby preventing PLAU upregulation in TNFα/IL1β‐treated ESCC cells and inhibiting ESCC cell proliferation induced by PLAU overexpression.Conclusion: EGCG effectively blocks the inflammatory signaling TNFα/IL1β‐NFκB‐PLAU, thereby inhibiting ESCC cell proliferation. Our study provides new insights into blocking the pro‐proliferative role of inflammation in ESCC and highlights EGCG as a potential therapeutic agent.
Management of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: Effectiveness of a Steroid‐Free Regimen Using Tinospora cordifolia—A Single‐Institution Experience
Authors: Das Sheth Ankita , Joshi Shalaka , Kumar Arul , Nair Nita , Shet Tanuja , Sahay Ayushi , Thakkar Palak , Haria Purvi , Katdare Aparna , Parmar Vani , Desai Sangeeta , Badwe Rajendra 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a benign, chronic inflammatory disease with no effective treatment and high relapse rate. The pathophysiology is poorly understood. Tinosporin, an immunomodulator obtained from Tinospora cordifolia, is known to be useful in treating immune‐mediated diseases. We report our experience of using Tinosporin for IGM and the effectiveness of this “steroid‐free” regimen.Methods: We analysed the clinicopathological characteristics of patients diagnosed with IGM on histopathology during January 2018 and December 2022. Tinosporin tablet (500 mg Guduchi stem extract) was prescribed for 3–6 months; data were collected from electronic medical records and analysed in SPSS v‐29.Results: Of 315 patients, 132 had complete clinical records. Median age was 39 years (25–77), and 107 (81.7%) were premenopausal. Seventy‐eight (59.09%) had clinical suspicion of malignancy. On imaging, 84 (63.64%) were BIRADS 4/5 lesions. Empirical broad‐spectrum antibiotics were prescribed to 101 patients. Tinosporin tablets were prescribed to 91 patients. Symptomatic response was seen in 72 (79.12%). Five patients did not achieve response, while 14 patients (15.38%) were lost to follow‐up. At a median follow‐up of 36 months (14–62 months), only 2 patients on Tinosporin had recurrence. None of the patients needed surgical intervention other than diagnostic biopsy or control of infection, and none received steroids.Conclusion: IGM is a benign, often self‐limiting disorder. However, it mimics malignancy in 60% cases, and histology clinches the diagnosis. We report the efficacy of steroid‐free management of IGM with immunomodulatory herbal origin phytopharmaceutical drug Tinosporin. It is safe, inexpensive and effective. Large volume excisions or mastectomies can be reserved for severe and refractory cases.
Mineral Stress Drives Loss of Heterochromatin: An Early Harbinger of Vascular Inflammaging and Calcification
Authors: Ho Chin Yee , Wu Meng-Ying , Thammaphet Jirapath , Ahmad Sadia , Ho C.S. James , Draganova Lilia , Anderson Grace , Jonnalagadda Umesh S. , Hayward Robert , Shroff Rukshana , Wen Wilson Tan Lek , Verhulst Anja , Foo Roger SY. , Shanahan Catherine M. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Vascular calcification is a detrimental aging pathology markedly accelerated in patients with chronic kidney disease. PLA (prelamin A) is a biomarker of vascular smooth muscle cell aging that accelerates calcification however the mechanisms remain undefined.

METHODS:
Vascular smooth muscle cells were transduced with PLA using an adenoviral vector and epigenetic modifications were monitored using immunofluorescence and targeted polymerase chain reaction array. Epigenetic findings were verified in vivo using immunohistochemistry in human vessels, in a mouse model of inducible prelamin A expression, and in a rat model of chronic kidney disease–induced calcification. Transcriptomic and chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing analyses were used to identify gene targets impacted by changes in the epigenetic landscape. Molecular tools and antibody arrays were used to monitor the effects of mineral dysregulation on heterochromatin, inflammation, aging, and calcification.

RESULTS:
Here, we report that depletion of the repressive heterochromatin marks, H3K9me3 (histone H3, lysine 9, trimethylation) and H3K27me3 (histone H3, lysine 27,trimethylation), is an early hallmark of vascular aging induced by both nuclear lamina dysfunction and dysregulated mineral metabolism, which act to modulate the expression of key epigenetic writers and erasers. Global analysis of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 marks and pathway analysis revealed deregulation of insulin signaling and autophagy pathways as well as cross-talking DNA damage and NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) inflammatory pathways consistent with early activation of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Expression of PLA in vivo induced loss of heterochromatin and promoted inflammation and osteogenic differentiation which preceded aging indices, such as DNA damage and senescence. Vessels from children on dialysis and rats with chronic kidney disease showed prelamin A accumulation and accelerated loss of heterochromatin before the onset of calcification.

CONCLUSIONS:
Dysregulated mineral metabolism drives changes in the epigenetic landscape and nuclear lamina dysfunction that together promote early induction of inflammaging pathways priming the vasculature for downstream pathological change.
Gut Microbiota Metabolites Sensed by Host GPR41/43 Protect Against Hypertension
Authors: R. Muralitharan Rikeish , Zheng Tenghao , Dinakis Evany , Xie Liang , Barbaro-Wahl Anastasia , Jama Hamdi A. , Nakai Michael , Paterson Madeleine , Leung Kwan Charmaine , McArdle Zoe , Mirabito Colafella Katrina , Johnson Chad , Qin Wendy , Salimova Ekaterina , Bitto Natalie J. , Kaparakis-Liaskos Maria , Kaye David M. , O’Donnell Joanne A. , Mackay Charles R. , Marques Francine Z. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Fermentation of dietary fiber by the gut microbiota leads to the production of metabolites called short-chain fatty acids, which lower blood pressure and exert cardioprotective effects. Short-chain fatty acids activate host signaling responses via the functionally redundant receptors GPR41 (G-protein-coupled receptor 41) and GPR43 (G-protein-coupled receptor 43), which are highly expressed by immune cells. Whether and how these receptors protect against hypertension or mediate the cardioprotective effects of dietary fiber remains unknown.

METHODS:

Cardiovascular phenotype was assessed in untreated and Ang II (angiotensin II) treated hypertensive wild-type and GPR41/43 knockout (KO) double knockout male mice fed diets with different levels of fiber content. Some mice received TLR4 (toll-like receptor 4)-antagonist treatment and bone marrow chimeras. SNPs (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) associated with
GPR41
and
GPR43
expression were assessed in UK Biobank participants.

RESULTS:
Untreated GPR41/43KO mice had unaltered blood pressure but had greater cardiac and renal collagen deposition with higher macrophage numbers in the kidney compared with wild-type mice. Ang II–treated GPR41/43KO mice showed higher systolic blood pressure, cardiorenal weights and collagen deposition, and increased gut permeability, which allows the translocation of gastrointestinal bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharides into the circulation. The use of an antagonist to the lipopolysaccharide receptor, TLR4, a potent proinflammatory signaling molecule, restored the cardiovascular phenotype in GPR41/43KO mice. The lack of GPR41/43 expression in the immune compartment was sufficient to lead to a worsened hypertensive phenotype. We also demonstrate that GPR41/43 is, at least partially, responsible for the blood pressure–lowering and cardioprotective effects of a high-fiber diet. Finally, using the UK Biobank, we provide translational evidence that variants associated with lower expression of both GPR41 and GPR43 are more prevalent in participants with hypertension.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings highlight that lack of short-chain fatty acid-receptor signaling via both GPR41 and GPR43 increases risk of high blood pressure, suggesting treatments that target these receptors could be a novel strategy to prevent or treat hypertension.
Representing the disciplinary structure of physics: A comparative evaluation of graph and text embedding methods
Authors: Constantino Isabel , Kojaku Sadamori , Fortunato Santo , Ahn Yong-Yeol 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Recent advances in machine learning offer new ways to represent and study scholarly works and the space of knowledge. Graph and text embeddings provide a convenient vector representation of scholarly works based on citations and text. Yet, it is unclear whether their representations are consistent or provide different views of the structure of science. Here, we compare graph and text embedding by testing their ability to capture the hierarchical structure of the Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme (PACS) of papers published by the American Physical Society (APS). We also provide a qualitative comparison of the overall structure of the graph and text embeddings for reference. We find that neural network-based methods outperform traditional methods, and graph embedding methods node2vec and residual2vec are better than other methods at capturing the PACS structure. Our results call for further investigations into how different contexts of scientific papers are captured by different methods, and how we can combine and leverage such information in an interpretable manner.
Behold Thine Enemy
Authors: Hamdar Sarah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The annual commemoration of Imam Hussein’s martyrdom has been a method of preserving the memory of the Karbala battle, but contemporary practices reflect a political dimension. This text focuses on Hizbullah’s public mourning commemorations and argues that the physical gatherings and their mediation are part of Hizbullah’s larger political communication strategy as they reflect power dynamics and emphasize the party’s political values. Accordingly, the article uncovers the role of the rituals in articulating territorial, religious and political power as well as supporters’ loyalty to Sayyed Nasrullah. It also demonstrates the significance of the rituals in emphasizing multiple nationalist discourses, expressing social and political ideals and providing a basis for interpreting political events. By drawing on Hussein’s martyrdom, Hizbullah utilizes ʿAshura as an empty or floating signifier whereby the party contemporizes the battle to suit its needs as it becomes the site of contemporary activist reinterpretation.
Reconstructing Baʾathist Syria through Cultural Heritage and State Media
Authors: Crone Christine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article analyzes Syrian state media coverage on the reconstruction of the citadel, the Umayyad Mosque and the old souq in Aleppo to investigate how the Syrian Baʾathist state is using destruction and reconstruction of significant cultural heritage to construct a post-war narrative. This narrative promotes an understanding of the Baʾathist state as the protector of Syrian cultural heritage and thus the protector of Syrian nationhood and civilization. The article argues that it is of crucial importance to the Baʾathist state to control the symbolic meaning of the national cultural heritage in its endeavor to create a viable post-war narrative and understands the state media’s coverage of selected reconstruction projects in Aleppo as part of the ongoing battle over how to remember (or forget) the years of upheaval and war. This continued battle over the narrative is essentially a battle over the social memories of the Syrian people and the politically constructed memories of the state.
Awakening the Disengaged: Can Driving-Related Prompts Engage Drivers in Partial Automation?
Authors: Bai Xiaolu , Feng Jing 
Published: January 2025

Objective This study explores the effectiveness of conversational prompts on enhancing driver monitoring behavior and takeover performance in partially automated driving under two non-driving-related task (NDRT) scenarios with varying workloads. Background Driver disengagement in partially automated driving is a serious safety concern. Intermittent conversational prompts that require responses may be a solution. However, existing literature is limited with inconsistent findings. There is little consideration of NDRTs as an important context, despite their ubiquitous involvement. A method is also lacking to measure driver engagement at the cognitive level, beyond manual and visual engagements. Methods Participants operated a partially automated vehicle in a simulator across six predefined drives. In each drive, participants either received driving-related prompts, daily-conversation prompts, or no prompts, with or without a takeover notification. The first experiment instructed participants to engage in NDRTs at their choice and the second experiment incentivized solving demanding anagrams with monetary rewards. Results When participants were voluntarily engaged in NDRTs, answering driving-related prompts and receiving takeover notifications improved their monitoring behavior and takeover performance. However, when participants were involved in the more demanding and incentivized NDRT, answering prompts had little effect. Conclusion The study supports the importance of both maintaining appropriate workload and processing driving-related information during partially automated driving. Driving-related prompts improve driver engagement and takeover performance, but they are not robust enough to compete with NDRTs that have high motivational appeals and cognitive demands. Application The design of driver engagement tools should consider the workload and information processing mechanisms.
A Lack of Joint Line Tenderness Is Consistent With a Healed Meniscus, But Positive Clinical Examination Findings and MRI Scans Are Inconsistent in Identifying Failure After Meniscal Repair: A Systematic Review and Subgroup Meta-analysis
Authors: Schoenecker Jon H. , Tollefson Luke V. , Solaiman Rafat H. , Monson Jill K. , Homan Morgan D. , Dornan Grant J. , Kennedy Nicholas I. , Ronnblad Erik , LaPrade Robert F. 
Published: January 2025

Background: The number of meniscal repairs being completed each year is increasing; however, the optimal, cost-effective postoperative assessment to determine the success or failure of a meniscal repair is not well known. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the clinical examination testing that correlates with objective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or second-look arthroscopy (SLA) findings to determine an optimal clinical workup for assessing postoperative meniscal repair healing. It was hypothesized that specific clinical tests would correlate with meniscal repairs that did not heal. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: This systematic review included all clinical studies investigating meniscal repairs, meniscal repair outcomes, and meniscal healing with clinical findings, MRI, and/or SLA, published in a peer-reviewed journal and with full English text available. All included studies were evaluated for bias using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS). The clinical tests included those using “Barrett’s criteria,” with the assessment of effusion, joint line tenderness, locking, McMurray testing, and radiographs. This parameter has also been abbreviated to “modified Barrett's criteria” to include only joint line tenderness, effusion, and McMurray testing. Results: No significant correlations were found between clinical tests and MRI or SLA. A subgroup meta-analysis between Barrett's and non-Barrett’s studies reported no significant subgroup differences (χ12 = 0.24; P = .62). A meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy using a group of 7 studies that reported on true-positive, true-negative, false-positive, and false-negative data for SLA demonstrated that only a lack of joint line tenderness had a high specificity for a healed meniscal repair, with a log diagnostic odds ratio of 2.62 (95% CI, 0.47-4.76). Conclusion: This study found no significant correlation with any specific clinical test for meniscal repair healing status using postoperative MRI and/or SLA findings. However, it was found that no healing (when compared with complete or incomplete healing) on MRI and joint line tenderness should be considered when assessing the status of postoperative meniscal repair healing. In addition, a subgroup meta-analysis found that a lack of joint line tenderness was highly correlated with a healed meniscal repair.