bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Poly(propylene) Surface Topography During Corona Treatment
Authors: Jones Viv , Strobel Mark , Prokosch Michael J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: Atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact‐angle measurements, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS or ESCA) were used to characterize biaxially oriented poly(propylene) (PP) films modified by exposure to a corona discharge. Surface analysis was performed on PP films modified at various corona energies to explore the changes in surface topography, wettability, and oxidation state resulting from the corona treatment. Even at low corona energies, water‐soluble low‐molecular‐weight oxidized materials (LMWOM) are formed. These LMWOM products agglomerate into small topographical mounds that are visible in the AFM images. For the detection of LMWOM on corona‐treated surfaces, AFM appears to be at least as sensitive as contact‐angle measurements or ESCA. A major advantage of AFM relative to the other surface analytical techniques used to confirm the presence of the LMWOM is that no washing of the surface with water is required in conjunction with the AFM analysis.magnified image
Influence of Non‐Polymerizable Gases Added During Plasma Polymerization
Authors: Hegemann Dirk , Hossain Mohammad‐Mokbul 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: In plasma polymerization often additional, non‐polymerizable gases are used, either as carrier gas or as reactive co‐monomer. The gas ratio represents an additional parameter, which complicates the understanding of plasma polymerization processes. Therefore, we thoroughly investigated the deposition rates of different gas mixtures (O2/HMDSO, N2 and NH3/CxHy, as well as inert gas/CxHy) on the basis of a macroscopic approach. Since the mass deposition rates depend on the specific energy W/F, the plasma polymerization regime for the corresponding polymerizable monomer can be identified by introduction of a modified flow F = Fm + a Fc (sum of monomer flow Fm and carrier gas flow Fc with a flow factor a). Any deviations discovered during application of this novel approach indicate additional effects, such as ion‐induced effects.
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Disc Arthroplasty in the Management of the Painful Lumbar Motion Segment
Authors: German John W. , Foley Kevin T. 
Published: August 2005

Study Design.
A review of the published literature regarding lumbar arthroplasty.

Objective.
To describe the current state of lumbar total disc replacement and, in particular, the recent clinical results of the Charité and ProDisc trials.

Summary of Background Data.
Lumbar fusion remains the surgical procedure of choice for patients with chronic low back pain unresponsive to nonsurgical management. Lumbar fusion is a strictly palliative procedure with suboptimal clinical results obtained by a significant proportion of patients. Adjacent segment disease is thought to limit the long-term clinical results with up to 20% of patients requiring secondary surgical interventions within the decade following a “successful” lumbar fusion. Total disc replacement has been developed as a potential means to improve the long-term outcome of these patients.

Methods.
Literature review of total lumbar disc replacement.

Results.
The surgical decision-making process, a description of current lumbar disc arthroplasty devices, and early clinical results are described.

Conclusion.
In appropriately chosen patients, lumbar disc arthroplasty provided clinical results similar to those obtained with interbody fusion at 2 years. The long-term results with respect to the effect of these devices on adjacent segment degeneration are not known, as the incidence of adjacent segment degeneration is not an endpoint of the current trials.
Nucleus Pulposus Replacement
Authors: Di Martino Alberto , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Lee Joon Yung , Denaro Vincenzo , Lim Moe R. 
Published: August 2005

Study Design.
A critical review of available and emerging nucleus pulposus replacement implants.

Objectives.
To review the biomechanics, design, and clinical data of currently available and developing nucleus pulposus replacement technologies.

Summary of Background Data.
The interest in minimally invasive treatment of degenerative disc disease has grown as the technology for intervertebral motion-sparing devices continues to improve. Replacement of nucleus pulposus without anular obliteration represents a tempting alternative to spinal fusion procedures. The aim in nucleus pulposus replacement is to slow adjacent level degeneration, restore normal loads to the diseased level, and restore segmental spinal biomechanics.

Methods.
A literature review of currently available biomaterials, biomechanics, and available preclinical and clinical data on nucleus pulposus replacement implants.

Results.
New synthetic biomaterials have recently been developed to closely mimic native biomechanics during compressive loading cycles of the intervertebral disc. This, in conjunction with improved understanding of global spine biomechanics, has allowed the development of novel nucleus replacement implants. These implants are currently at different stages of preclinical and clinical investigations.

Conclusions.
Although some of the newly designed prosthesis have shown some promising results in preclinical studies, rigorous short- and long-term clinical evaluations will be critical in evaluating their true efficacy.
Dynamic Stabilization in the Surgical Management of Painful Lumbar Spinal Disorders
Authors: Nockels Russ P. 
Published: August 2005

Study Design.
A literature review.

Objective.
To evaluate the mechanisms of action and effectiveness of posterior dynamic stabilization devices in the management of painful spinal disorders.

Summary of Background Data.
Dynamic stabilization may provide pain relief by altering the transmission of abnormal loads across the degenerated disc space.

Methods.
A Medline search was conducted.

Results.
Articles supporting abnormal load transmission across the disc space and clinical reviews of currently available posterior dynamic systems were included.

Conclusions.
Posterior dynamic stabilization systems may provide benefit comparable to fusion techniques, but without the elimination of movement. Further study is required to determine optimal design and clinical indications.
Privilege and public provision in the intellectual welfare state
Authors: Kyle Barbara 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this paper, originally published in 1956, is to examine the assumptions about people's needs for and rights to information which lie behind the establishment of privately and publicly owned libraries, to consider how far these assumptions are valid, and finally to discuss the proper part to be played by privately owned libraries in the national library service.Design/methodology/approachIdentifies and reflects on the assumptions in quotations from charters and terms of reference of a variety of libraries and from official statements about library provision.FindingsPublicly supported libraries should satisfy the demands of the general reader for everything that is in print, including foreign material, and in doing so should give greater consideration to the geographical and temporal convenience of the reader in the case of both reference and loan material; that all demands on the interlibrary loan system should be met where possible from the stock of publicly supported libraries: that special libraries should give priority to the demands of their special clients but that they should consider increasing services to outsiders on a fee basis.Originality/valueSuggests that it would be possible, when assessing the different categories of library, to have slightly varying criteria in mind and each librarian would be able to gauge the quality of his services by reference to explicit particular ends.
Term conflation methods in information retrieval
Authors: Galvez Carmen , de Moya‐Anegón Félix , Solana Víctor H. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeTo propose a categorization of the different conflation procedures at the two basic approaches, non‐linguistic and linguistic techniques, and to justify the application of normalization methods within the framework of linguistic techniques.Design/methodology/approachPresents a range of term conflation methods, that can be used in information retrieval. The uniterm and multiterm variants can be considered equivalent units for the purposes of automatic indexing. Stemming algorithms, segmentation rules, association measures and clustering techniques are well evaluated non‐linguistic methods, and experiments with these techniques show a wide variety of results. Alternatively, the lemmatisation and the use of syntactic pattern‐matching, through equivalence relations represented in finite‐state transducers (FST), are emerging methods for the recognition and standardization of terms.FindingsThe survey attempts to point out the positive and negative effects of the linguistic approach and its potential as a term conflation method.Originality/valueOutlines the importance of FSTs for the normalization of term variants.
A comparison of assigned descriptors and title keywords of dissertations in the Iranian dissertation database
Authors: Reza Davarpanah Mohammad , Iranshahi Mohammad 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThis paper examines the relative effectiveness of title keywords and assigned subject descriptors in representing the content of theses in various subject areas indexed in the Iranian Dissertations Database.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted by the content analysis research method.FindingsThis research made a number of useful insights, such as a pattern of significant differences among the average number of keywords in the title in different subject areas. It also showed that 67 percent of the assigned descriptors are derived from the title keywords and that the relative recall for searches by title keywords is 44 per cent, while the relative recall for searches by subject descriptors is 56 per cent.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough this investigation concentrates on a very specific database (the Iranian Dissertations database), its findings are offered in the wider context of a number of other related studies.Practical implicationsIt can be concluded that searching by subject descriptors gives better results than searching by title keywords.Originality/valueThe paper reaffirms the value of assigned subject descriptors, while noting the effectiveness of title keywords in certain contexts.
Traditional bibliographic instruction and today’s information users
Authors: Joint Nicholas 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThis paper takes forward strands from “Evaluating the quality of library portals” by the author and places them in the context of different approaches to teaching students about information use.Design/methodology/approachAn opinion piece which examines the impact on user behaviour of traditional mechanical library skills training (such as “library orientation”, “bibliographic instruction”, or “information skills training” rather than true information literacy‐based teaching). The paper points out the similarity in the effects of such teaching to the effects of offering users a more powerful mechanical information retrieval tool (such as a library portal or internet search engine) without effective support on how the information retrieved should be used for significant educational outcomes.FindingsFor librarians to be custodians of the highest standards of intelligent information use, they must demonstrate a meaningful, rather than a mechanical understanding and application of information literacy in their everyday practice. Without this, information users will rightly turn to new, non‐mediated forms of information use such as internet search engines, which can deal with purely technical challenges of information retrieval superficially well. Both the users and the profession itself will be the poorer as a result.Research limitations/implicationsAn expression of opinion about the dangers of pedagogically underdeveloped user education on user behaviour.Practical implicationsThis opinion piece gives some clear and practical insights for the application of information literacy principles to library practice.Originality/valueThis piece points out the ironic similarities in the effect of a mechanistic or tool‐based approach to user education and unmediated user access to internet search engines or Library portals: above all, a “more is better” approach in the information user, marked by citing too much poorly digested, poorly evaluated data.
Thesauri: practical guidance for construction
Authors: McCulloch Emma 
Published: August 2005

PurposeWith the growing recognition that thesauri aid information retrieval, organisations are beginning to adopt, and in many cases, create thesauri. This paper offers some guidance on the construction process.Design/methodology/approachAn opinion piece with a practical focus, based on recent experiences gleaned from consultancy work.FindingsA number of steps can be taken to ensure any thesaurus under construction is fit for purpose. Due consideration is therefore given to aspects such as term selection, structure and notation, thesauri standards, software and Web display issues, thesauri evaluation and maintenance. This paper also notes that creating new subject schemes from scratch, however attractive, contributes to the plethora of terminologies currently in existence and can limit user searching within particular contexts. The decision to create a “new” thesaurus should therefore be taken carefully and observance of standards is paramount.Practical implicationsThis paper offers advice to assist practitioners in the development of thesauri.Originality/valueUseful guidance for those practitioners new to the area of thesaurus construction is provided, together with an overview of selected key processes involved in the construction of a thesaurus.
Changing roles of reference librarians: the case of the HKUST Institutional Repository
Authors: Chan Diana L.H. , Kwok Catherine S.Y. , Yip Steve K.F. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThis paper proposes describing how reference librarians in an academic library recruit content for its institutional repository, and how their roles have been changed in the process.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes the background on how institutional repositories have developed in response to the open access movement. The case of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) Institutional Repository is described in detail, showing different strategies that reference librarians employed in recruiting content. The strategies include encouraging researchers to self‐archive papers, scanning web sites, capturing pre‐existing collections of grey literature, and downloading from open access sources.FindingsThe paper illustrates how the roles of reference librarians are changed in the process of building the institutional repository. There are extensions of existing roles in terms of system evaluation, advocacy and reference services. Brand new roles include content recruitment and interpreting publishers' policies. It also points out possible directions which can make the repository sustainable.Practical implicationsThe paper provides a very useful case study to which other academic libraries may refer when they plan to develop their own institutional repositories.Originality/valueThis paper provides in‐depth descriptions on the changing roles of reference librarians not covered in previous literature. Discussions on policies, strategies, barriers and challenges will have reference value for academic libraries who want to embark on a similar project.
Leading roles for reference librarians in institutional repositories
Authors: Phillips Holly , Carr Richard , Teal Janis 
Published: August 2005

PurposeAims to describe one academic health science center library's experience with expanding reference librarian leadership roles in implementing institutional repository initiatives.Design/methodology/approachThe institutional repository project development phases are briefly documented. The rationale for selecting reference librarians to lead the initiative and resultant role changes is discussed.FindingsReference librarians are strategically placed to promote and administer institutional repository initiatives successfully. The professional challenge rests in reference librarians' readiness to become scholarly publishing change agents.Practical implicationsThis case study documents a successful approach to incorporating institutional repository projects into existing library roles in addition to providing new leadership opportunities for reference librarians.Originality/valueReference librarian roles in institutional repository projects and the evolution of organizational roles are not addressed in the heavily technology‐ and marketing‐based institutional repository literature.
Digitizing a gap: a state‐wide institutional repository project
Authors: Graham John‐Bauer , Latham Skaggs Bethany , Weatherford Stevens Kimberly 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThis study aims to illustrate how one medium‐sized academic library was able to use a web‐based digitization and repository project to increase and promote communication and relationships between the library and the university community. This case study traces the history and development of the Cornerstone Project – the Network of Alabama Academic Library's (NAAL) state‐wide digital repository project.Design/methodology/approachThe paper describes the steps taken by a medium‐sized academic library to participate in a state‐wide institutional repository project to improve on liaison activities, and form new relationships with departments across the campus.FindingsUsing the digital repository project to help bridge gaps between departments that had limited or no involvement with the library and its services, one medium‐sized academic library found that its involvement in the repository project resulted in a new and improved interdepartmental relationship.Originality/valueThe results have encouraged the library to open the door for new and different relationships to be formed with other departments. The implications and value for other libraries to become involved in such repositories are also discussed.
Tracking parts for life: cost‐effective vision‐based code readers offer numerous advantages
Authors: Simpson Leigh 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThe article aims to highlight the advantages of using vision‐based code readers to ensure part traceability.Design/methodology/approachWith the implementation of legislation and regulations within a number of industries, (e.g. aerospace, automotive etc.) manufacturers are under increasing pressure to produce compliant parts and ensure complete product traceability. To accommodate these industry changes, 2D codes are being marked directly onto parts.FindingsThere are seven principle factors to consider while implementing direct part marking identification, thus ensuring that product traceability is achieved and effectively monitored using vision‐based code readers.Practical implicationsDirect part marking can be achieved on a variety of product surfaces, and is therefore attractive to a vast range of manufactured products. With ever‐changing developments in technology, new markets are being continually opened up to the benefits of product traceability.Originality/valueAchieving compliant production not only improves overall productivity and reduces operating costs, but it also enhances the chance of contract renegotiation and avoids costly and possible reputation‐damaging product recalls.
CNI Task Force Meeting: A Summary Report
Authors: Riggs Colby 
Published: August 2005

PurposeTo report on the Coalition for Networked Information (CNI) held the Spring 2005 Task Force Meeting for its Task Force representatives and other participants in Washington, DC, on April 4‐5, 2005.Design/methodology/approachProvides a concise review of the conference.FindingsThe meeting offered a wide variety of timely presentations that advanced and reported on CNI’s programs, projects and issues from Task Force member institutions and emphasized significant activities on the national and international arenas. Originality/valueThis paper is a useful summary of a conference of interest to library and information management professionals.
ALA’s Legislative Day 2005
Authors: Arthur Mihram G. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeTo report on the 31st Annual National Library Legislative Day held on May 3, 2005.Design/methodology/approachProvides a concise review of the conference/FindingsTopics covered were congressional appropriations, copyright, the USA Patriot Act, key issues: honing the message, school libraries, tele‐communications: the E‐rate, government information and Library Services and Technology Act [LSTA].Originality/valueThis paper is a useful summary of a conference of interest to library and information management professionals.
Project Bluebird: Research into Better Library Communication
Authors: Wallis Richard 
Published: August 2005

PurposeTo summarize the results of Project Bluebird conducted by Talis which examined how technology could be used to improve the way libraries communicate using Northumbria University as the pilot for the project.Design/methodlogy/approachOffers a discussion of the results of Project Bluebird.FindingsThe project included the use of RSS feeds to delivery notification regarding various library services including: reserve items ready for collection, return of items imminent, items overdue and items with potential charge exceeding preset values.Originality/valueProvides insight into the initial stages of this research.
Statistical process design for hybrid adaptive layer manufacturing
Authors: Sreenathbabu A. , Karunakaran K.P. , Amarnath C. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThis paper discusses the optimization of the process parameters for the hybrid‐layered manufacturing (HLM) process during its weld layer deposition with subsequent surface machining in attaining the desired accuracy and contour profile of the deposited weld layer thickness.Design/methodology/approachThe HLM process integrates the synergic metal inert gas (MIG) – metal active gas (MAG) welding process for depositing the metal layer of a desired slice thickness and perform the computer numerical control (CNC) machining process on the deposited layer to enhance both the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the deposited layer. For the HLM process the weld bead geometry plays a vital role in determination of the layer thickness, surface quality, build time, heat input into the deposited layer and the hardness attained by the prototype. A feasible weld bead width and heights are to be formulated for the exterior contour weld path deposition and for the interior weld cladding. Thus, Taguchi methodology was employed with minimum number of trails as compared with classical statistical experiments. This study systematically reveals the complex cause‐effect relationships between design parameters and performance.FindingsStatistical design of experiments using orthogonal arrays and signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratios are performed to constitute the core of the robust design procedure. Experimental confirmations of the performance characteristic using the derived optimal levels of process parameters are provided to confirm the effectiveness of this approach.Research limitations/implicationsThe welding parameters such as current, voltage, arc length, wire feed rates, wire stick‐out distance, shielding gas, filler wire diameter, weld speed, etc. will influence on the deposited weld bead geometry. Further investigations are to be carried out during adaptive layer deposition on the induced thermal stresses and its influence on the hardness of the deposited weld layer.Originality/valueThis paper describes a low cost direct rapid tooling process, HLM. This unique methodology would reduce the cost and time to make molds and dies that are used in batch production.