bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investing in the renewal of urban science teaching
Authors: Knapp Michael S. , Plecki Margaret L. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis article provides a conceptual framework for understanding what is involved in improving urban science teaching and what might be implied by conducting research on its improvement. It is argued in this article that three sets of forces and conditions have a direct impact on urban science classrooms: first, the array of interdependent policies at school, district, and state levels about science teaching in particular and about education improvement more broadly construed; next, the investment and use of instructionally relevant resources at each of the three levels and their differing impacts on the renewal of urban science teaching; and finally, the broader context in which urban science teaching occurs mediating how these resources are—or can be—used. Mediating factors include the professional peer community, subject‐specific instructional leadership, the professional development infrastructure, the supply of available science teachers, and the broader community context. The article concludes with suggestions for how this framework informs directions for future research on the promise and limits of efforts to renew science teaching in urban settings. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 1089–1100, 2001
Septo‐optic dysplasia as a manifestation of valproic acid embryopathy
Authors: McMahon Carrie L. , Braddock Stephen R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe use of valproic acid during pregnancy has been associated with adverse fetal outcomes, including major and minor congenital malformations, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), hyperbilirubinemia, hepatotoxicity, transient hyperglycemia, and fetal and neonatal distress. In addition, intrauterine exposure to valproic acid has been associated with an increased risk of central nervous system abnormalities, primarily neural tube defects. Optic nerve hypoplasia has been reported in association with other prenatal anticonvulsant exposures, but the occurrence of septo‐optic dysplasia as a manifestation of valproic acid embryopathy has not been reported previously.ResultsWe report on a woman who received Depakote (valproic acid) throughout her pregnancy for the treatment of a seizure disorder. The patient presented with features typical of valproic acid embryopathy, including bitemporal narrowing, hypertelorism, short palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, microphthalmia, a flat broad nasal bridge, small mouth, hypoplastic nails, mild clinodactyly, and camptodactyly. MRI showed hypoplasia of the optic chiasm and absence of the septum pellucidum.ConclusionsWe report the first case of septo‐optic dysplasia associated with maternal exposure to valproic acid throughout pregnancy. This case expands the clinical phenotype of valproate embryopathy. Teratology 64:83–86, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of Candida tropicalis HSR1, a gene of the heat‐shock factor‐related family, which confers salt tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Ali Rashid , Pascual‐Ahuir Amparo , Marquez Jose A. , Malik Kauser A. , Serrano Ramon 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA genomic library of Candida tropicalis in a yeast multicopy plasmid has been screened for clones conferring salt tolerance upon transformation into S. cerevisiae. The best halotolerance clone contained an open reading frame encoding a predicted protein of 728 amino acids with homology to transcription factors of the heat‐shock family. This novel gene was named HSR1 and is present in single copy in the C. tropicalis genome. Upon transformation into S. cerevisiae it increases the expression of ENA1, a major determinant of salt tolerance encoding a cation‐extrusion pump. The sequence of CtHSR1 has been deposited in the EMBL data library under Accession No. AJ296093. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managing the socialization of an adult male gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) with a history of social deprivation
Authors: Burks Kyle D. , Bloomsmith Mollie A. , Forthman Debra L. , Maple Terry L. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMost non‐human primates exhibit aggression during changes in social group composition. In zoological parks, group membership changes are necessary for optimal population management, but can elicit problematic aggression. Furthermore, some primates with a long history of social deprivation are hyperaggressive when introduced to conspecifics. In this study of one male gorilla with a 30‐year history of social deprivation, we assessed the rate of aggression quantitatively during a four‐step socialization procedure. We hypothesized that 1) the frequency of agonistic/display behaviors would increase markedly at the beginning of each phase of the socialization, then decline to baseline levels over time in each phase and 2) the frequency of affiliative behaviors would not vary systematically within or between phases of socialization. Our results largely supported these predictions, and we found the four‐step socialization process effective in managing aggression in this case. In addition to documenting the successful socialization of a socially deprived adult male gorilla, we believe that the empirical process used in this case argues for scientific management of other introductions. Zoo Biol 20:347–358, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ab initio vibrational calculations on ara‐T molecule: Application to analysis of IR and Raman spectra
Authors: Hernández Belén , Navarro Raquel , Vergoten Gérard , Hernanz Antonio 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe FTIR and FT‐Raman spectra are reported for the arabinonucleoside ara‐T (1‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosylthymine), which shows antiviral activity. The accurate knowledge of the vibrational modes is a prerequisite for the elucidation of drug–nucleotide and drug–enzyme interactions. The FTIR and FT‐Raman spectra of ara‐T were recorded from 4000 to 30 cm−1. A tetradeuterated derivative (deuteration at N3, and hydroxyl groups O′2, O′3, and O′5) was synthesized and the observed isotopic shifts in its spectra were used for the vibrational analysis of ara‐T. The theoretical frequencies and the potential energy distribution (PED) of the vibrational modes of ara‐T were calculated using the ab initio Hartree–Fock/3‐21G method. An assignment of the vibrational spectra of ara‐T is proposed considering the scaled PED and the observed band shifts under deuteration. The scaled ab initio frequencies were in reasonable agreement with the experimental data. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 62: 193–207, 2001
Conformational study on poly[γ‐(α‐phenethyl)‐L‐glutamate] using vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy
Authors: Tanaka Takeyuki , Inoue Katsuhiko , Kodama Takashi , Kyogoku Yoshimasa , Hayakawa Tadao , Sugeta Hiromu 
Published: September 2002

AbstractVibrational circular dichroism (VCD) and IR absorption spectra are obtained in a chloroform solution for poly[γ‐((R)‐α‐phenethyl)‐L‐glutamate] (PRPLG) and poly[γ‐((S)‐α‐phenethyl)‐L‐glutamate] (PSPLG), whose only structural difference is an opposite chiral center in the side chain. Their characteristic amide A, I, and II bands show VCD patterns quite similar to those of poly[γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate] (PBLG), indicating that the secondary structure of these polypeptides is a right‐handed α‐helix. The VCD spectra in the CH stretching region exhibit different patterns for PRPLG and PSPLG, reflecting the chirality difference in the side chains. This difference is interpreted on the basis of the additivity of optical activity contributions from the main chain conformation and the chirality difference in the side chains. The results indicate that a VCD difference spectrum of the CH stretching region is a useful diagnostic tool for elucidating local chirality differences. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 62: 228–234, 2001
Production of tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA) in Aspergillus niger
Authors: Wiebe Marilyn G. , Karandikar Atul , Robson Geoff D. , Trinci Anthony P. J. , Candia Juana‐L Flores , Trappe Susanne , Wallis Gregg , Rinas Ursula , Derkx Patrick M. F. , Madrid Susan M. , Sisniega Heidi , Faus Ignacio , Montijn Roy , van den Hondel Cees A. M. J. J. , Punt Peter J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA protease‐deficient strain of Aspergillus niger has been used as a host for the production of human tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA). In defined medium, up to 0.07 mg t‐PA (g biomass)−1 was produced in batch and fed‐batch cultures and production was increased two‐ to threefold in two‐phase batch cultures in which additional glucose was provided as a single pulse at the end of the first batch growth phase. Production was increased [up to 1.9 mg t‐PA (g biomass)−1] by the addition of soy peptone to the defined medium. The rate of t‐PA production in batch cultures supplemented with soy peptone (0.2 to 0.6 mg t‐PA L−1 h−1) was comparable to rates observed previously in high‐producing mammalian or insect cell cultures. In glucose‐limited chemostat culture supplemented with soy peptone, t‐PA was produced at a rate of 0.7 mg t‐PA L−1 h−1. Expression of t‐PA in A. niger resulted in increased expression of genes (bipA, pdiA, and cypB) involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, when cypB was overexpressed in a t‐PA‐producing strain, t‐PA production was not increased. The t‐PA produced in A. niger was cleaved into two chains of similar molecular weight to two‐chain human melanoma t‐PA. The two chains appeared to be stable for at least 16 h in culture supernatant of the host strain. However, in general, <1% of the t‐PA produced in A. niger was active, and active t‐PA disappeared from the culture supernatant during the stationary phase of batch cultures, suggesting that the two‐chain t‐PA may have been incorrectly processed or that initial proteolytic cleavage occurred within the proteolytic domain of the protein. Total t‐PA (detected by enzyme‐linked immunoassay) also eventually disappeared from culture supernatants, confirming significant extracellular proteolytic activity, even though the host strain was protease‐deficient. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 76: 164–174, 2001.
RP‐HPLC method with electrochemical detection for the determination of metoclopramide in serum and its use in pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Lamparczyk Henryk , Chmielewska Aleksandra , Konieczna Lucyna , Plenis Alina , Zarzycki Paweł K. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA rapid and sensitive reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of metoclopramide in serum. The assay was performed after single extraction with ethyl ether using methyl parahydroxybenzoate as internal standard. Chromatographic separations were performed on C18 stationary phase with a mobile phase composed of methanol–phosphate buffer pH 3 (30:70 v/v). Analytes were detected electrochemically. The quantification limit for metoclopramide in serum was 2 ng mL−1. Linearity of the method was confirmed in the range of 5–120 ng mL−1 (correlation coefficient 0.9998). Within‐day relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 0.3 to 5.5% and between‐day RSDs from 0.8 to 6.0%. The analytical method was successfully applied for the determination of pharmacokinetic parameters after ingestion of 10 mg dose of metoclopramide. Studies were performed on 18 healthy volunteers of both sexes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Late stent thrombosis without antecedent brachytherapy: Confirmation and treatment with rheolytic thrombectomy
Authors: Kalaria Vijay G. , Ling Frederick S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe describe two cases of late stent thrombosis (> 30 days postprocedure) following stenting without brachytherapy. Stent thrombosis was confirmed after successful treatment by catheter‐based rheolytic thrombectomy. Predictors of stent thrombosis are reviewed and issues concerning the duration of combination antiplatelet therapy after stenting are discussed. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:243–247. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary angioplasty for isolated right ventricular infarction
Authors: Sakabe Koichi , Nakamura Masato , Kitagawa Yoko , Iijima Raisuke , Nakajima Rintaro , Takagi Takuro , Yoshitama Takashi , Anzai Hitoshi , Tsunoda Taro , Yamaguchi Tetsu 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe describe a case of isolated right ventricular infarction that has rarely been diagnosed antemortem. Electrocardiogram showed ST segment elevation in left precordial chest, right precordial chest, and inferior leads, which mimicked those of anterior and inferior left ventricular infarction. Coronary angiography revealed that culprit lesion was totally occluded right coronary artery. Infarcted artery was nondominant right coronary artery with branches supplying only right ventricular wall. Restoration of coronary blood flow was obtained by primary stenting and resulted in prompt ST segment normalization in all leads. Despite extensive right ventricular wall motion abnormality, subsequent right ventricular dysfunction was not observed. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:248–252. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chiroptical properties of 2,3‐dihydrobenzo[b]furan and chromane chromophores in naturally occurring O‐heterocycles
Authors: Antus S. , Kurtán T. , Juhász L. , Kiss L. , Hollósi M. , Májer ZS. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe correlation between the helicity (absolute conformation) of the O‐heterocyclic ring of chiral 2,3‐dihydrobenzo[b]furan (1) and chromane (2) derivatives and their 1Lb band CD was investigated. The same helicity rule was found for both unsubstituted chromophores: P/M helicity of the heterocyclic ring leads to a negative/positive CD within the 1Lb band. While the substitution of the fused benzene ring by achiral substituents does not change this helicity rule for the chromane chromophore, it leads to its inversion for the 2,3‐dihydrobenzo[b]furan chromophores. On the basis of these observations, the published absolute configurations of natural flavonol and pterocarpan derivatives were confirmed and the configurational assignments of several natural neolignans revised. Chirality 13:493–506, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A cross‐cultural colour‐naming study. Part III—A colour‐naming model
Authors: Lin H. , Luo M. R. , MacDonald L. W. , Tarrant A. W. S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA colour‐naming model was developed to categorize volumes for each of the 11 basic names in CIELAB colour space. This was tested with three different sets of data for two languages (English and Mandarin), derived from extensive colour categorization experiments. The performance of the model in predicting colour names was satisfactory, with an average prediction error of 8.3%. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 26, 270–277, 2001
Improved storage of erythrocytes by prior leukodepletion: Flow cytometric evaluation of stored erythrocytes
Authors: Bratosin Daniela , Leszczynski Sigismond , Sartiaux Claudine , Fontaine Odile , Descamps Jacques , Huart Jean‐Jacques , Poplineau Joël , Goudaliez Francis , Aminoff David , Montreuil Jean 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn vivo phagocytosis of senescent red blood cells (RBCs) by macrophages occurs 120 days after their release into the circulation. It depends on two sequential signals that trigger phagocytosis: (1) desialylation of membrane glycoconjugates with the exposure of the penultimate β‐galactosyl residues and (2) exposure of phosphatidylserine in the membrane outer leaflet. Leukodepleted and nonleukodepleted RBCs were compared using flow cytometric procedures to determine whether the in vitro deterioration of RBCs during storage might be attributable to an identical mechanism of desialylation induced by leukocyte neuraminidases, resulting in exposure of β‐galactosyl and subsequently phosphatidylserine residues — signals of senescent RBCs. Without prior leukodepletion, stored RBCs showed an increased population of senescent RBCs (using light scatter measurements), extensive desialylation with the exposure of β‐galactosyl residues (using specific fluorescein isothiocyanate [FITC]‐lectins), significant exposure of phosphatidylserine in the outer leaflet of the RBC membrane (using FITC‐annexin V), and extensive in vitro phagocytosis (using PKH‐26‐labeled RBCs). There were minimal changes observed with the leukodepleted RBCs. These results lead to the conclusion that leukocyte enzymes, including neuraminidases, are definitive contributers to the desialylation of RBCs during storage and to the exposure of phosphatidylserine residues. These deleterious effects resulting from highly active leukocyte enzymes are preventable by prior leukodepletion of the stored RBCs. Previously developed flow cytometric procedures to detect in vivo “RBC senescence” have been applied and proved to be reliable criteria to monitor the viability of stored RBCs. Cytometry (Comm. Clin. Cytometry) 46:351–356, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Customized corporate environmental reporting by internet‐based push and pull technologies
Authors: Isenmann Ralf , Lenz Christian 
Published: September 2002

AbstractInternet‐based push and pull technologies provide customized corporate environmental reporting. On the one hand, more and more companies use technical benefits of the Internet for corporate environmental reporting and to publish corporate environmental reports (CERs). On the other hand, the demand for customized environmental information is still increasing. Target groups and other stakeholders are becoming more critical and focused on their environmental information needs. Moreover, companies are going to exploit the use of CERs to achieve competitive advantages. Hence, environmental reporting has to be fine tuned according to different information needs of various target groups. Thereby, internet‐based push and pull technologies are an efficient tool. They enable companies to offer online reporting on demand and to provide individual environmental information. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Systemic administration of kainic acid in adult rat stimulates expression of the chemokine receptor CCR5 in the forebrain
Authors: Mennicken Françoise , Chabot Jean‐Guy , Quirion Rémi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAs chemokines and their receptors are primarily expressed by glial cells in brain parenchyma, a model of glial cell proliferation may be useful to study the regulation of their expression in the brain. The well‐established kainic acid seizure model was used in this study, focusing on the expression of the CCR5 chemokine receptor. Adult Sprague‐Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with kainic acid (12 mg/kg), and in situ hybridization of CCR5 mRNA was performed at 12 h, 1, 3, or 7 days, posttreatment. Autoradiographic films and wet photographic emulsions demonstrated the very low expression of CCR5 mRNA in normal brain parenchyma, as well as in the microvasculature and ventricular/choroid plexus systems. After kainic acid treatment, brain CCR5 mRNA expression increased progressively from 12 h to 7 days, especially in the olfactory system, amygdaloid complex, thalamus, hippocampal formation, septum, and neocortex. This increase paralleled that of activated microglial cells as shown, using the microglial marker, OX‐42. Moreover, CCR5 mRNA ISH combined with neuron‐specific enolase immunocytochemistry showed that, in addition to its glial expression, CCR5 mRNA is expressed in neurons in the normal brain and, to a lesser extent, after kainate treatment due to neuronal losses. Finally, CCR5 protein is detected by immunocytochemistry in neurodegenerative areas in numerous glial cells, as well as in neurons, as clearly shown in the hippocampal formation. In summary, the chemokine receptor CCR5 is expressed by neuronal and non‐neuronal cell types in the normal brain and is upregulated in both cell types after an insult. GLIA 37:124–138, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Validating mini‐mental status, cognitive capacity screening and Hamilton depression scales utilizing subjects with vascular headaches
Authors: Meyer John S. , Li Y.‐S. , Thornby John 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIntroductionThe Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Cognitive Capacity Screening Examination (CCSE) are easily and rapidly administered tests for quantifying the general cognitive status of young as well as geriatric subjects. Likewise, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) is a brief instrument for quantifying depression that may confound cognitive test performances. Testing by means of all three scales concurrently provides useful information for longitudinal research among the elderly.ObjectivesTo validate the combined longitudinal use of MMSE, CCSE and HDRS among a specific cohort of normal subjects with vascular headaches characterized by known well‐established temporary cognitive decline occurring only during temporary intervals with headache.MethodsThe MMSE, CCSE and HDRS were serially tested at 3–12 monthly intervals among 196 healthy subjects attending our out‐patient headache clinic who suffered from migraine or cluster headaches. Stability and specificity of MMSE, CCSE and HDRS were evaluated by comparing consecutive normative scores during headache‐free intervals. Sensitivity of MMSE and CCSE for detecting temporary cognitive decline were evaluated by comparing scores during headache and headache‐free intervals.ResultsCCSE, MMSE and HDRS gave stable headache‐free normative values over intervals of 3–10 years among 182 subjects. Among 77 subjects during headache intervals, temporary cognitive decline were confirmed by both CCSE and MMSE (p < 0.0001). When cutoff points for both CCSE and MMSE normal scores were placed at ≥ 27, specificity for detecting cognitively normal values for CCSE and MMSE when headache‐free were 92.2 and 89.6%, respectively (p > 0.05), while sensitivity for detecting cognitively decline during headache intervals were 83.7 and 49%, respectively (p < 0.001). Compared with scoring by a single rater, reliability estimates for all three rating scales were slightly lower when tested by different raters, but these differences were not significant.ConclusionsCCSE is reliable and more sensitive than MMSE for detecting cognitive decline. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the equilibrium between molecular complexes and trigonal bipyramidal adducts of diaryl selenide dibromides in solution
Authors: Nakanishi Warō , Hayashi Satoko 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA method to visualize the equilibrium between molecular complexes (MCs) and trigonal bipyramidal (TB) adducts for ArSeBr2Ar′ has been devised. The TB formation causes large downfield shifts for the ipso carbons δ(Ci), whereas the upfield shifts are characteristic for δ(Ci) in the MC formation. Therefore, the equilibrium is clearly proved if such an ArSeAr′ is prepared that shows an upfield shift at one of ipso carbons, whereas the other goes downfield, when bromine is added to the ArSeAr′ solution. The halogen‐induced chemical shifts (Δδ) are measured for 4‐YC6H4SePh (1a–1g), 2‐YC6H4SePh (2d, 2e, 2h), 2‐YC6H4SeC6H4Br‐p(3d, 3e, 3h), 2‐O2NC6H4SeC6H4Y‐p (4a, 4e, 4i), and 2,4‐(O2N)2C6H3SeC6H4Y‐p (5a, 5e, 5i), where Y = H (a), OMe (b), Me (c), Cl (d), Br (e), COOEt (f), NO2(g), I (h), and t‐Bu (i). Positive values (downfield shifts) are observed for both δ(Ci) in2and3, positive and negative values are recorded for each δ(Ci) in4, and negative values are detected for both δ(Ci) in5. The equilibrium between MC's and TB adducts is clearly shown in4. The equilibrium constants K (K = [MC]/[TB]) are also calculated: they are ca. 0.20 for2and3and 0.16, 0.33, and 0.73 for4i, 4a, and4e, respectively. The contribution of MC is negligible in1a, and the contribution of the TB adduct is negligible in5. The results show that TB adducts become unstable relative to MCs, when the effective electronegativity of the selenium atom and/or the bulkiness around the atom in a selenide are increased. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:369–379, 2001