bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eating patterns in Korean adults, 1998–2018: increased energy contribution of ultra-processed foods in main meals and snacks
Authors: Jung Sukyoung , Kim Jee Young , Park Sohyun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Unfavorable changes in eating patterns over time may contribute to upward trends in chronic diseases, such as obesity. We examined 20-year trends in the percentage of energy from main meals and snacks and the food sources of each eating occasion among Korean adults.

Methods
This study used nationally representative data from the 1st, 4th, and 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (1998, 2007–2009, and 2016–2018) among adults aged 20–69 years (n = 29,389). Each eating occasion (breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks) was defined by respondents during a 24-h dietary recall interview. To identify the food sources of each eating occasion, we used the NOVA system. The percentage of energy at each eating occasion and that from each NOVA group across survey cycles were estimated, and tests for linear trends were conducted using orthogonal polynomial contrasts in linear regression models. All analyses accounted for the complex survey design.

Results
After adjusting for age and sex, the percentage of energy from breakfast decreased from 25.0% in 1998 to 16.7% in 2018 (difference, − 8.2%; standard error [SE], 0.3), whereas that from dinner and snacks increased from 31.1 to 33.8% (difference, + 2.7%; SE, 0.4) and from 14.0 to 19.0% (difference, + 5.0%; SE, 0.5), respectively (all P < 0.001). At all eating occasions, the percentage of energy from minimally processed foods declined (difference, − 18.6% for breakfast; − 13.1% for lunch; − 21.1% for dinner; − 20.7% for snacks), while that from ultra-processed foods increased (difference, + 17.0% for breakfast; + 11.3% for lunch; + 18.0% for dinner; + 30.7% for snacks). When stratified by age, the given trends were shown to a greater extent in younger adults (< 50 years old) than in older adults (≥ 50 years old).

Conclusions
The eating patterns of Korean adults changed from 1998 to 2018, with the greatest decrease in energy intake from breakfast and the greatest increase from snacking. At all eating occasions, the contribution of minimally processed foods declined, while that of ultra-processed foods increased, especially among younger adults.
Differences in the swallowing process of newborns and healthy preterm infants: first results with a non-invasive bioimpedance and electromyography measurement system
Authors: Hübl Nicole , Riebold Benjamin , Schramm Dirk , Seidl Rainer O. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Preterm infants (PI) have difficulty coordinating sucking, swallowing and breathing, and there is a risk of aspiration. The causes of this are not yet sufficiently understood. The aim of this study was to test a novel measurement device to measure breathing and pharyngeal processes involved in swallowing externally in everyday life to identify possible differences in neonates (NB) and PI.

Methods
Forty healthy NB were studied at 4–8 weeks of age (mean: 6.7 weeks) and 20 healthy PI (mean gestational age 30.5 weeks) at postmenstrual age (PMA) 34/35 weeks (mean PMA 35.1 weeks) during a single feeding. Surface electrodes were used to measure bioimpedance and electromyography reflecting swallow-related changes in the pharynx and muscle activation of the tongue and submental muscles. A respiratory belt was combined with recording of the depth of chest movements and the occurrence of pauses in breathing.

Results
Velocity and extent of pharyngeal closure did not differ significantly across the feeding period (velocity: p=0.09, closure: p=0.17), but during the first two suck–swallow bursts PI had greater velocity (p<0.001*) and extent of pharyngeal closure (p=0.004*) than NB. The duration of swallowing phases was significantly longer in PIs (p<0.001*), their muscle activation decreased faster (p<0.001*), and they had more pauses in breathing than NBs.

Conclusions
The novel measurement device allowed, for the first time in everyday life, the measurement of factors influencing swallowing and breath–swallow coordination in NBs and PIs. PIs showed differences from NBs most likely due to differences in muscle strength and condition.
Ethics and regulation of neuronal optogenetics in the European Union
Authors: Faltus Timo , Freise Johannes , Fluck Carsten , Zillmann Hans 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNeuronal optogenetics is a technique to control the activity of neurons with light. This is achieved by artificial expression of light-sensitive ion channels in the target cells. By optogenetic methods, cells that are naturally light-insensitive can be made photosensitive and addressable by illumination and precisely controllable in time and space. So far, optogenetics has primarily been a basic research tool to better understand the brain. However, initial studies are already investigating the possibility of using optogenetics in humans for future therapeutic approaches for neuronal based diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, or to promote stroke recovery. In addition, optogenetic methods have already been successfully applied to a human in an experimental setting. Neuronal optogenetics also raises ethical and legal issues, e.g., in relation to, animal experiments, and its application in humans. Additional ethical and legal questions may arise when optogenetic methods are investigated on cerebral organoids. Thus, for the successful translation of optogenetics from basic research to medical practice, the ethical and legal questions of this technology must also be answered, because open ethical and legal questions can hamper the translation. The paper provides an overview of the ethical and legal issues raised by neuronal optogenetics. In addition, considering the technical prerequisites for translation, the paper shows consistent approaches to address these open questions. The paper also aims to support the interdisciplinary dialogue between scientists and physicians on the one hand, and ethicists and lawyers on the other, to enable an interdisciplinary coordinated realization of neuronal optogenetics.
Reference values for Jamar+ digital dynamometer hand grip strength in healthy adults and in adults with non-communicable diseases or osteoarthritis: the Norwegian Tromsø study 2015–2016
Authors: Svinøy Odd-Einar , Hilde Gunvor , Bergland Astrid , Strand Bjørn Heine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHand grip strength (HGS) is a key indicator of intrinsic capacity and has shown good predictive ability for morbidity and mortality. Reference values from normative populations are valuable, and such data from the Norwegian population are scarce. Normative values for the digital Jamar+ dynamometer are largely lacking.HGS was assessed in the Norwegian Tromsø study, survey 7 in 2015–2016 for 7824 participants (9324 invited) aged 40+ using a Jamar+ digital dynamometer, and three measurements for each hand were performed following the Southampton protocol. To account for non-response, full Tromsø population data, by age, education and sex, were collected from registry data from microdata.no, a service from Statistics Norway, and were then used as post-stratification weights, to provide standardized HGS values. HGS was higher in men than in women and inversely associated with age. Men and women with a history of non-communicable diseases had lower HGS than those without these conditions, while osteoarthritis was associated with lower HGS only among men. Lower height was associated with lower HGS, especially at younger ages in men. This article provides up-to-date references values for HGS in the community-dwelling population aged 40+ with or without osteoarthritis or non-communicable diseases, in Tromsø, Norway. These reference values will guide clinicians and researchers.
Evaluation of the PrimeFlow RNA assay as a method of detection of SARS-CoV-2 single and dual Infections
Authors: Falkenberg Shollie M. , Buckley Alexa , Boggiatto Paola 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGiven the implications of increased transmissibility, virulence, host range, and immune escapes of emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2, developing in vitro models that allow for detection of variants and differences in infection dynamics is important. The objective of this study, was to evaluate the PrimeFlow RNA in-situ assay as a method of detection for multiple strains of SARS-CoV-2. Evaluation of detection and infection statuses included single infections with an Alpha, Delta, or Omicron variants and dual infections with Alpha/Omicron or Delta/Omicron. RNA probes specific for the Spike protein coding region, were designed (omicron or non-omicron specific). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in greater frequency in the Vero E6 and minimally in the fetal deer testicle cell lines by flow cytometry using this approach for viral detection of multiple variants. Most evident in the Vero E6 cells, 24 h post infection both Alpha and Delta predominated over Omicron in dual infections. This is the first report using the PrimeFlow assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 at the single-cell level and as a potential model for competition of variants utilizing infection dynamics in cell culture.
Occurrence, source apportionment, and ecological risk assessment of organophosphate esters in surface sediment from the Ogun and Osun Rivers, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Gbadamosi Muideen Remilekun , Ogunneye Adeyemi Lawrence , Jegede David Olaoluwa , Abdallah Mohamed Abou-Elwafa , Harrad Stuart 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOrganophosphate esters (OPEs) are synthetic chemicals widely used as e.g., flame retardants and plasticisers in various consumer products. Due to the toxicity of OPEs in aquatic ecosystems, exposure of fauna and flora to these compounds is of potential concern. In this study, the concentrations, profiles, sources, and ecological risk of eight OPEs were investigated in the sediments from the two major rivers in southwest Nigeria. Concentrations of ∑OPEs in surface sediments were in the range 13.1 – 2110 ng/g dry weight (dw) (median: 378 ng/g dw) in the Ogun River and 24.7—589 ng/g dw (median: 174 ng/g dw) in the Osun River. These concentrations are broadly within the range of those reported in surface sediment in previous studies conducted in other locations around the world. Tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) was the dominant OPE in the sediment samples with a median concentration of 337 and 126 ng/g dw for the Ogun and Osun Rivers respectively, while tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP) was not detected in any sample. Excluding TBOEP, the chlorinated organophosphate esters: tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-chloro-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP), and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) were the dominant OPEs in the Osun River, while the aryl-OPEs: triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP), and tri-m-tolyl phosphate (TMTP) were dominant in the Ogun River. Under a median exposure scenario, moderate ecological risk was predicted from exposure to TCIPP in the Osun River. In contrast, under a high exposure scenario, concentrations of TDCIPP (risk quotient, RQ = 5.33—5.37) constituted a high ecological risk in both rivers, with moderate risks observed for TBOEP (RQ = 0.022—0.18) and TCIPP (RQ = 0.097 – 0.16). Therefore, the risk to aquatic organisms from concomitant exposure to mixtures of OPEs in freshwater ecosystems requires further investigation.
Graphical Abstract
IFSO Consensus on Definitions and Clinical Practice Guidelines for Obesity Management—an International Delphi Study
Authors: Salminen Paulina , Kow Lilian , Aminian Ali , Kaplan Lee M. , Nimeri Abdelrahman , Prager Gerhard , Behrens Estuardo , White Kevin P. , Shikora Scott ,   IFSO Experts Panel, Dayyeh Barham K. Abu , Alfaris Nasreen , Al Qahtani Aayeed , Andersen Barbara , Angrisani Luigi , Bashir Ahmad , Batterham Rachel L. , Behrens Estuardo , Bhandari Mohit , Bond Dale , Chevallier Jean-Marc , Cohen Ricardo V. , Dicker Dror , Fox Claudia K. , Garneau Pierre , Gawdat Khaled , Haddad Ashraf , Himpens Jacqués , Inge Thomas , Kurian Marina , Faria Silvia Leite , Macedo Guilherme , Miras Alexander Dimitri , Moize Violeta , Pattou Francois , Poggi Luis , Ponce Jaime , Ramos Almino , Rubino Francesco , Sanchez-Pernaute Andrés , Sarwer David , Sharma Arya M. , Stier Christine , Thompson Christopher , Vidal Josep , Petry Tarissa Beatrice Zanata 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
This survey of international experts in obesity management was conducted to achieve consensus on standardized definitions and to identify areas of consensus and non-consensus in metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) to assist in an algorithm of clinical practice guidelines for the management of obesity.

Methods
A three-round Delphi survey with 136 statements was conducted by 43 experts in obesity management comprising 26 bariatric surgeons, 4 endoscopists, 8 endocrinologists, 2 nutritionists, 2 counsellors, an internist, and a pediatrician spanning six continents over a 2-day meeting in Hamburg, Germany. To reduce bias, voting was unanimous, and the statements were neither favorable nor unfavorable to the issue voted or evenly balanced between favorable and unfavorable. Consensus was defined as ≥ 70% inter-voter agreement.

Results
Consensus was reached on all 15 essential definitional and reporting statements, including initial suboptimal clinical response, baseline weight, recurrent weight gain, conversion, and revision surgery. Consensus was reached on 95/121 statements on the type of surgical procedures favoring Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty. Moderate consensus was reached for sleeve gastrectomy single-anastomosis duodenoileostomy and none on the role of intra-gastric balloons. Consensus was reached for MBS in patients > 65 and < 18 years old, with a BMI > 50 kg/m2, and with various obesity-related complications such as type 2 diabetes, liver, and kidney disease.

Conclusions
In this survey of 43 multi-disciplinary experts, consensus was reached on standardized definitions and reporting standards applicable to the whole medical community. An algorithm for treating patients with obesity was explored utilizing a thoughtful multimodal approach.

Graphical Abstract
The interconnection between evaluated and self-assessed performance in full flight simulator training
Authors: Tuhkala Ari , Heilala Ville , Lämsä Joni , Helovuo Arto , Tynkkynen Ilkka , Lampi Emilia , Sipiläinen Katriina , Hämäläinen Raija , Kärkkäinen Tommi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study explores potential disparities between flight instructor evaluations and pilot self-assessments in the context of full flight simulator training. Evaluated performance was based on the Competency-based Training and Assessment framework, a recent development of competency-based education within aviation. Self-assessed performance is derived from survey responses and debriefing interviews. The simulator session involves eight multi-crew pilot training graduates and eight experienced flight captains, encompassing two tasks featuring sudden technical malfucntions during flight. The flight instructor’s evaluations reveal no significant differences in pilot performance. However, disparities become apparent when pilots engaged in reflecting their performance. Novice pilots, despite perceiving both tasks as easy, exhibited an overconfidence that led them to underestimate the inherent risks. Conversely, experienced pilots demonstrated greater caution towards the risks and engaged in discussing possible hazards. Furthermore, this study highlights the challenge of designing flight simulator training that incorporates surprise elements. Pilots tend to anticipate anomalies more readily in simulator training than during actual flights. Thus, this study underscores the importance of examining how pilots reflect on their performance, complementing the assessment of observable indicators and predefined competencies.
Development and validation of a radiomics nomogram for diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion
Authors: Wei Mingzhu , Zhang Yaping , Zhao Li , Zhao Zhenhua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective
We aimed to develop a radiomics nomogram based on computed tomography (CT) scan features and high-throughput radiomics features for diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion (MPE).

Methods
In this study, 507 eligible patients with PE (207 malignant and 300 benign) were collected retrospectively. Patients were divided into training (n = 355) and validation cohorts (n = 152). Radiomics features were extracted from initial unenhanced CT images. CT scan features of PE were also collected. We used the variance threshold algorithm and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) to select optimal features to build a radiomics model for predicting the nature of PE. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyzes were used to identify significant independent factors associated with MPE, which were then included in the radiomics nomogram.

Results
A total of four CT features were retained as significant independent factors, including massive PE, obstructive atelectasis or pneumonia, pleural thickening > 10 mm, and pulmonary nodules and/or masses. The radiomics nomogram constructed from 13 radiomics parameters and four CT features showed good predictive efficacy in training cohort [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.926, 95% CI 0.894, 0.951] and validation cohort (AUC = 0.916, 95% CI 0.860, 0.955). The calibration curve and decision curve analysis showed that the nomogram helped differentiate MPE from benign pleural effusion (BPE) in clinical practice.

Conclusion
This study presents a nomogram model incorporating CT scan features and radiomics features to help physicians differentiate MPE from BPE.
A machine learning-based approach to predict groundwater nitrate susceptibility using field measurements and hydrogeological variables in the Nonsan Stream Watershed, South Korea
Authors: Lee Jae Min , Ko Kyung-Seok , Yoo Keunje 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIdentifying and predicting the nitrate inflow and distribution characteristics of groundwater is critical for groundwater contamination control and management in rural mixed-land-use areas. Several groundwater nitrate prediction models have been developed; in particular, a nitrate concentration model that uses dissolved ions in groundwater as an input variable can produce accurate results. However, obtaining sufficient chemical data from a target area remains challenging. We tested whether machine learning models can effectively determine nitrate contamination using field-measured data (pH, electrical conductivity, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and redox potential) and existing geographic information system (GIS) data (lithology, land cover, and hydrogeological properties) from the Nonsan Stream Watershed in South Korea, an area where nitrate contamination occurs owing to intensive agricultural activities. In total, 183 groundwater samples from different wells, mixed municipal sites, and agricultural activities were used. The results indicated that among the four machine learning models (artificial neural network (ANN), classification and regression tree (CART), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM)), the RF (R2: 0.74; RMSE: 3.5) and SVM (R2: 0.80; RMSE: 2.8) achieved the highest prediction accuracy and smallest error in all groundwater parameter estimates. Land cover, aquifer type, and soil drainage were the primary RF and SVM model input variables, representing agricultural activity-related and hydrogeological infiltration effects. Our research found that in rural areas with limited hydro-chemical data, RF and SVM models could be used to identify areas at high risk of nitrate contamination using spatial variability, GIS-aided visualization, and easily accessible field-measured groundwater quality data.
Comparison of shock-buffet dynamics on a supercritical airfoil with and without a pitching degree of freedom
Authors: Scharnowski Sven , Accorinti Alessandro , Korthäuer Tim , Kähler Christian J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith the goal of understanding the dynamics of the transonic flow around an OAT15A airfoil model, velocity field measurements were performed by means of high repetition rate particle image velocimetry. The experiments were performed at free-stream Mach numbers from 0.70 to 0.77 and at a Reynolds number of Re$$_\textrm{c}\approx 3\times 10^6$$

c

≈
3
×

10
6

. The variation of the Mach number allowed for an investigation in the pre-buffet, buffet and close to buffet-offset regime. A fixed version and a spring mounted version of the model were used to investigate the effect of the pitching degree of freedom on the shock buffet. The dominant structural frequency of the airfoil’s pitch motion was adjusted to be in the range of the natural buffet frequency of the flow with inhibited pitching motion of the model. Flow field measurements with an acquisition rate of $$4\,$$

4

kHz allowed for the detection and analysis of the shape and the motion of the compression shock. With released pitching degree of freedom, shock buffet started at a lower Mach number and showed a larger amplitude for the shock oscillation. Furthermore, the shock motion appeared more harmonic compared to the model without pitching degree of freedom. For a Mach number of $$M_\infty =0.72$$

M
∞

=
0.72

and 0.74, the change of the angle of attack and the shock location correlated strongly with each other. From the measurements, the phase lag between both quantities during the coupled motion could be determined. From the correlation of the shock position at different heights, it can be concluded that the shock motion is controlled by events at the shock foot. The movement of the upper shock part is only a reaction to the movement of the lower part.
Weiterentwicklung der Lebertransplantation durch Maschinenperfusion
Authors: Krendl Felix J. , Gasteiger Silvia , Oberhuber Rupert , Cardini Benno , Schneeberger Stefan 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Mangel an geeigneten Spenderlebern hat das Interesse an der Maschinenperfusion verstärkt. Während die SCS (Static-Cold-Storage)-Präservation für optimale Spenderorgane ausreichend ist, sind marginale Organe empfindlicher gegenüber Ischämie-Reperfusionsschäden. Es gibt verschiedene Maschinenperfusionstechniken die aktuell zur klinischen Anwendung kommen: Die hypotherme oxygenierte Maschinenperfusion (HOPE) fokussiert auf mitochondriale Regeneration und reduziert Reperfusionsschäden und Gallengangkomplikationen; die normotherme Maschinenperfusion (NMP) verlängert die Präservationszeit und ermöglicht eine Prüfung der Organfunktionsfähigkeit. Mit Hilfe der NMP lässt sich die Präservationszeit erheblich verlängern, wodurch Lebertransplantationen besser planbar werden. Dies ist besonders bei chirurgisch komplexen Fällen sehr hilfreich. Auch während der COVID-19-Pandemie zeigten sich die Vorteile der NMP in Bezug auf Zeit und Logistik. Eine Kombination von HOPE und NMP scheint am vielversprechendsten zu sein, um das Potenzial der Maschinenperfusion voll auszunutzen.