bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of (Laccases, Lignin Peroxidases, Manganese Peroxidases Enzymes) on the Chemical Composition of Rough Fodder
Authors: Khaldoun Y , Al-Samaraae W H , Abboud A H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The results of the effect of the type of feed showed a significant increase (P≤0.01) for palm fronds DM during the incubation period of 7, 14, 21 days, a high Mnp superiority in its incubation 14 days, and a significant superiority of Laccase in its incubation 21 days, while the effect of the enzyme concentration on DM was higher Significant at a concentration of 10% of the enzyme, and the interaction between the type of feed and the enzyme together showed a highly significant increase in the treated palm fronds Laccase and Lip in the incubation period of 7 days, and the treated palm fronds Mnp during incubation 14 days. %, 15% for the interaction between the type of coarse feed and the concentration of the enzyme on DM. The results showed a highly significant (P≤0.01) OM Lip increase during the 7-day incubation period, Mnp during the 14-day incubation period, and Laccase and Lip at the 21-day incubation period. The CP increased in palm fronds compared to yellow corn, and the results indicated a highly significant increase in the treatment Laccase and Mnp during the incubation period of 14 and 21 days.
Detection of MC4R Gene Genotypes and A Relationship SNP13 to Productive and Reproductive Performance in Iraqi Local Goats and Shami Goats
Authors: Al-jburi A A M , Senkal R H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted at the Ruminant Research Station of the Agricultural Research Department / Ministry of Agriculture, for the period from 1/12/2021 - 30/10/2022, the current study revealed the relationship between the genotypes of the MC4R gene and its relationship with the productive and reproductive traits in goats. Using 50 goats under the same breeding conditions (25 Syrian goats and 25 Iraqi goats). The results showed that the 13SNP mutation in the MC4R gene in the mothers of Shami goats showed a significant relationship, where the genotype GA was significantly (P≤0.05) superior to the genotype GG in this strain for the characteristic of the daily milk production rate (kg), as well as for the characteristic of the length of the peak of production (day), as well as the characteristic of the percentage of protein in milk (%), and the characteristic of the weight gain of the mother between birth and weaning, with an average of (541.07, 426.76), (43.01, 34.17), (3.16, 3.01), respectively. Conclusion it is the Mutations in genetic and environmental factors play an essential role in livestock animals in terms of productive and economic traits. Thus, the effects of mutations in the MC4R gene were found to have an impact on some productive and reproductive traits in goats.
Effect of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Chemical Method on the Kidneys, Liver and Brain of Male Mice
Authors: Al Alalaq M A , Al–Hadedee L T , Alrubeii A M S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the toxic effect of Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the histological changes of the vital organs of male mice. The iron oxide nanomaterials were prepared by chemical method; several doses of it were used at different concentrations, which are 12, 10, 8, 6%. The dose is administered to the mice orally every 48 hours for a period of 60 days. The mice were divided into 6 groups in addition to the control group during the mentioned period; weights were taken for all groups throughout the experiment period. After the completion of the experimental period, the mice of all the mentioned groups were killed. The results of the histological examination with the first and second concentrations did not show any toxic effects or changes in the functional structures of the mentioned organs. while slight changes appeared in the high concentrations of nanoparticles, as it was found that there was some blood congestion and inflammation in the kidneys. There is also congestion in parts of the liver with enlargement in some cells, as well as congestion in the brain, at concentrations of 12.10%. While no structural changes appeared in the first and second concentrations, also in the control group, no changes appeared in the functional structure of the above members. From the results of the study, we conclude that the use of high concentrations of nanoparticles of iron oxide may lead to changes in the functional structures of the kidneys, liver and brain, and may lead to toxic effects on the rest of the body.
The Effect of Different Levels of Wild Reeds (Saccharum spontaneum) with Concentrated Fodder on the Productive Performance of Local Iraqi Lambs
Authors: Alsamaraie A A , Noaman Abdullah I , Gh Al-Abbasy E 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This experiment determined the best ratio of fortified and unsupported dried reed with urea in a concentrated feed mixture to maximize production and minimize cost. About 24 Iraqi lambs (17.27 ± 0.54) aged 3-4 months were used in this study, which lasted for 90 days in the farms of the Production Department of the College of Agriculture at the University of Tikrit from 9/19/2022 to 12/17/2022. Lambs were fed at 3% of body weight on diets of different content of wild reeds fortified and unfortified with urea mixed in the form of 8 mm pellets with concentrated fodder (black barley, wheat bran, yellow corn) and Which was divided into six treatments, the first three were without urea in the following ratios: 60 reeds:40 concentrate, 40 reeds: 60 concentrate and 50 reeds:50 concentrate. As for the second three treatments, they contained the same proportions as the first three treatments with 3% urea from the weight of roughage feed. There was a significant (p≤0.05) superiority in the average daily weight gain for the third and sixth treatments (147 and 143) gm/head/day, respectively. We conclude from the results of the experiment that providing a diet consisting of concentrated fodder and rough fodder from wild reeds in a ratio of 50:50 gives very good results in growth characteristics and feed conversion efficiency at a lower economic cost per kilogram produced.
Use of Azolla Plant in Broiler Diets and its Effect on Productive Performance
Authors: Al-Hamed A M , Al-Husseiny N A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in the poultry farm, the Department of the Animal Production / University of Mosul. The aim was to partially replace Azolla in the diet of broiler chickens as a nutritional management method to include it as an available local feed ingredient and to study its effect on productive traits, economic implications and carcass traits. The duration of experiment lasted 42 days, and the experiment included four treatments by adding different percentages of dried Azolla with three replicates for each treatment: T1 (control): a diet free of Azolla T2: a diet containing dried Azolla at a rate of 4.5%. T3: a diet containing dried Azolla at a rate of 9%. T4: a diet containing 13.5% of dried Azolla. The results of the statistical analysis were: There were no significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) between the treatments of Azolla added to the diet compared with the control in the average live body weight, weight gain, relative growth rate, feed consumption and feed conversion coefficient, and increase in the value of economic indicators, coefficient, production index and productivity yield kg/ m2 With a significant decrease in the percentage of total mortality for a period of five and six weeks.
Use of Aqueous Extract of Matcha Tea as an Antioxidant in Poultry Meat Storage
Authors: Alheeti M Y Y , Al-Jugifi W I , Alhadithi H J M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of matcha tea on the oxidation of fats, and some traits of poultry breast meat kept in cool storage. The study included six treatments: T1 control, T2 distilled water, T3 matcha tea 0.5%, T4 macha tea 1.0%, T5 macha tea 1.5% and T6 industrial antioxidant BHA. Pieces (2 × 3 cm) of the breasts were fleshed with the aforementioned solutions and stored by refrigeration, and some physiochemical, and chemical tests were conducted every 3 days. The results of GC-MS examination of the aqueous extract of matcha tea showed the presence of some active compounds in large amounts, and caffeine represented 81.78% of them. The results of pH values and water holding capacity showed a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in submerged breast meat cuttings in aqueous extract of matcha tea at concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5%) with a clear superiority for treatment T4 (1%) in the pH values and water holding capacity, as compared with the control sample. Treatments with aqueous extract of macha tea (T3, T4, T5) showed significant decreases (P ≤ 0.05) in the oxidation indicators, and a superiority in TBA and peroxide values were observed for treatment T4 upon all treatments except the industrial antioxidant (T6), as well as the values of free fatty acids which were decreased. Values of volatile nitrogen in the cold stored chicken breast meat showed that the values of T4 treatment were the closest to the results of the industrial antioxidant treatment.
The Effect of Different Levels of Dietary Crud Protein During Different Age Stages on the Productive Performance of ROSS 308
Authors: Ismael A A , Saed Z J M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
An experiment at the poultry Field-Department of Animal Production/College of Agriculture / University of Anbar, to know the effect of dietary protein levels during different age periods on productive performance of broiler chicks. The experimental treatments included: T1: The control treatment with standard protein levels (22, 20 and 18%) for the starter, grower and finisher respectively, T2: raising the crude protein level to 24% for the first week of the starter stage to continue after that with a standard protein level until the fifth week to reduce then to 16% protein in the last week of the finishing stage, T3: The crude protein level was raised to 26% for the first week of the starter stage, to continue after that at with a standard protein level until the fifth week, to then be reduced to 14% protein in the last week of the finishing stage,T4: It started with a controlled level of crude protein, and in the first week of the growing stage, the protein level was raised to 24%, to continue after that at a standard protein level, and in the last week of the finishing site, the crude protein was reduced to 16% and T5: It began with a control level for crude protein and in the first week of the stage growing The protein level was raised to 26%, to continue after that at a record protein level, and in the last week of the finishing site, the crude protein was reduced to 14%. The results showed that the T1 and T2 treatments were significantly superior (p ≤ 0.05) and achieved the highest results of body weight in the first and second weeks.
Effect of The Critical Period and Gene Silencing on Blood Cellular Traits in Local Chicken and Level of Welfare
Authors: Jebur S F , Abdulateef S M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study aimed to tame the ferocious local chickens and calm them down by changing the behavioral or genetic factors and improving the blood traits that are reflected in the level of welfare. 144 one-day-old chicks were used from local chickens White and (36) broiler chicks. The chicks were divided into six treatments with four replicates for each treatment (24 chicks for treatment, 6 chicks for replicates) as follows: T1 was a control treatment consisting of 24 local chicks, T2 welfare treatment consisting of 24 local chicks,T3 consisted of 25% broilers + 75% local chicks, T4 consisted of 50% broilers + 50% local chicks, and T5 consisted of From 75% broiler chickens + 25% local chicks, and T6 siRNA consisting of 24 local chicks White, was using silencing of the corticosterone hormone pathway to the (CYP11B2 and CYP11B1 genes) by injected in the jugular vein at the age of 16 and 18 weeks. The results showed a significant improvement in Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit (PCV), Red Blood Cells (RBC), and White Blood Cells (BWC).and significant improvement (P≤0.05) in Platelets for T6 compared with other treatments, a significant improvement (P≤0.05) in the level of heterophil /lymphocytes for T6 compared to other treatments. That there is an effect of the critical period and gene silencing on blood traits that have a final effect on the level of welfare chickens.
Relationship between Body Condition Score, Reproductive Indicators, and Leptin and Erythropoietin Hormone Levels in Iraqi Awassi Ewes
Authors: Abd-Alhusain D A , Mohammed T R , Al-Anbari N N 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The experiment was conducted using 35 Awassi ewes with an average body weight 52±2.5 kg. The females were divided into three groups according to the body condition score 3 (overweight, medium, lean) represented by groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively. The medium was the highest percentage, as it reached 71.42% of the total number of animals. This percentage was in accordance with a high pregnancy rate compared to lean and overweight animals, as the pregnancy rate reached ewes from the examination. The first and second examinations were 64% and 24% respectively. The concentration of leptin and erythropoietin were measured in ewes before, during and after applying the vaginal sponges. Barrenness rate had (100%, 24.13% and 100%) in group 1,2 and 3 respectively. The results were high in leptin hormone in the Body Condition Score (BCS) group. 2, especially after withdrawing the vaginal sponges. While there was no significant increase (P>0.05) in erythropoietin hormone before and during applying vaginal sponges. Body Condition Score (BCS 2) ewes had a higher conception rate than Body Condition Score (BCS) 1 and 3 ewes. Leptin and progesterone both play important roles in the regulation of sheep body weight, with higher levels of progesterone resulting in higher levels of leptin.
Using the Principal Component Analysis of Body Weight in Three Genetic Groups of Japanese Quail
Authors: Al-Hadeedy I Y , Ameen Q A , Shaker A S , Mohamed A H , Taha M W , Hussein S M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The total number of (189) three genetic quail chicks (White = 54, brown = 64, and gray = 71) were used to identify the components effecting body weight Using the principal component analysis. Means, standard errors, and standard deviation of body weight and the cuts parts were calculated using the descriptive statistic of SPSS/PASW statistics for Windows version 19. One-way analysis of variance was used to test the effect of genetic line on the traits. The results of the statistical analysis indicated that the highest Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy for three lines of Japanese quail recorded to the brown quail, and also brown quail given higher and significant superiority of most parts of carcass and internal viscera which included weights of chest (g), thigh (g), back (g), neck (g), and wing (g) compared with white and grey quails. The first principal component (PC1), second (PC2) and three (PC3) were higher from white quail with Eigen values compared with brown and grey quails. Higher percentage of carcass component for white quail recorded to wings while for brown and grey quail recorded to chest part. We concluded from this study that the three principal components that extracted from White, Brown and Grey can be used for genetic improvement body weight, and also to predicting the best carcass parts weight while we can be used brown Japanese quail as a broiler due to its high carcass parts weight compared white and gray Japanese quail.
The Effect Different Levels of Protein, with Two Sources of the Synthetic and Herbal for Methionine and Lysine and Synethetic Threonine on Serum Biochemical Parameters Egg Quality Traits and Chemical Composition of the Eggs
Authors: Zangana N A Q , Al-Neemi M I 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to determine effect of various levels of protein, with two formulations and herbal sources of methionine and lysine. and synthetic threonine on serum biochemical properties, egg quality traits and egg chemical composition of 160 45-week-old Lyman Brown hens. It was randomly distributed to 8 treatments with five replications in (cages in the battery system), each repetition containing four birds, and the food treatments were, T1: basal diet (control) that contained 16.32% Cruz Protein (CP) with Synthetic 0.41% Methionine (S. T3: Basic Diet (16.18% CP) with (0.42% S.Mthionine), (0.05% Herbal Lysine: HL) and (0.106% S.Therionine) T4: Basic diet (16.18% CP) with (0.42% H.methionine), (0.05% lysine) and (0.106% threonine), T5: Basic diet (15.45% CP) with (o.42% S.methionine), 0.12% S.Lysine) and (0.116% S. threonine) T6: basic diet (15.46% CP) with (0.42% H.methionine), (0.045% H.Lysine and S. threonine), T7: diet Basal Diet (15.12% C.P) with (0.148% S.methionine, (0.150% S.lysine) and (0.130% S.thrionine), T8: Basal Diet (15.12% CP) with (0.148% H.methionine), (0.150% H.lysine) and (0.130% S.thrionine). The results of the statistical analysis in this experiment showed that there were no significant differences in the rate of egg production, the rate of egg mass, and the feed conversion coefficient, while significant differences were found in the rate of egg weight, the rate of feed consumption, and the rate of conversion of each of Protein, methionine, lysine and threonine.
Adding Sodium Citrate in Water and Effect in Physiological Performance of Broiler Chickens Reared Under High-Density Condition
Authors: Al-Tememy A T D , Al-obaidy A H , Wasman P H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted on animal production farm in Collage Agriculture - University of Diyala from 1/10 to 4/11/2022 aimed to study the effect of sodium citrate as an anti-stress factor on the physiological performance of ROSS 308 broiler chickens reared under high densities condition. 405 one day unsexed hatched chicks will be distributed into 9 treatments T1 control treatment 12 birds / m2 without sodium citrate, T2: 15 birds / m2 without sodium citrate, T3: 18 birds / m2 without sodium citrate, T4, T5 and T6 12, 15 and 18 birds / m2 with 1.5 mg / L of sodium citrate drinking water while T7, T8 and T9 was 12, 15 and 18 birds / m2 with 3 mg/ L of sodium citrate drinking water. The statistical analysis revealed that raising broilers at high densities (15 and 18 birds/m2) caused physiological stress in the birds by increasing the concentrations of glucose, uric acid, AST and ALT enzymes in the blood serum while decreasing the concentrations of protein and cholesterol, while there are no significant differences between T1, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8 and T9 and that indicates the role of sodium citrate in reducing high-density stress.
Synergetic Role of Energy and Oat with Enzymes on Physiological Performance of Broiler
Authors: Ali U H , Mousa B H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in poultry fields at College of Agriculture / University of Anbar’s Animal Production Department from 2/9/2022 to 14/10/2022 (42 days). This study examined the physiological effects of high energy and oats on grill performance. Three hundred one-day-old (unsexed) chicks were distributed in a completely randomised design to ten treatments with three replicates (10 chicks per replicate). All diets were designed to meet the same requirements. Broilers received water and feed ad libitum. Treatments were as follows: T1 birds fed diets for three phases (starter, grower, and finisher) without any addition, T2 birds fed diet (starter 3100 Kcal /kg feed) + 5% oat + 0.01 mg multienzyme, T3 birds fed diet (starter 3000 Kcal/kg feed) + 5% oat + 200 mg multienzyme, T4 birds fed starter 2900 Kcal/kg feed + 5% oat + 200 mg multienzyme, T5 birds fed diet (grower 3200 Kcal/kg feed) + 5% oat + 200 mg multienzyme, and T6 birds fed diet The 5% oat hull groups had higher small intestine villus height and CD than the control group (p < 0.05). T6 group glucose is higher than control group glucose. T10 group and control group total protein differ significantly (P>0.05). The control group’s albumin, MDA, and GPT levels are not significantly different from the other groups. Dietary oat hull increased Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT) activity in T6 compared to control group, but control group had higher ALP activity.
Study of chemical, physical stabilites, and sensory properties of sorghum-adlay-based milk
Authors: Sanjaya S , Romulo A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Plant-based beverages made from various plant sources have been regarded as a good replacement for animal-based milk, especially for people with health limitations and customary food practices such as vegans and vegetarians. The development of alternative beverages made from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) was limited in Indonesia, despite the grains have been reported to contain good nutrients and health-benefiting compounds. Therefore, the aim of the research was to create plant-based beverages made from sorghum and adlay and evaluate their nutritional value, physical stability, and consumer acceptance. There were five formulas tested in this research, namely formula 1 (100% sorghum, 0% adlay), formula 2 (90% sorghum, 10% adlay), formula 3 (80% sorghum, 20% adlay), formula 4 (70% sorghum, 30% adlay), and formula 5 (60% sorghum, 40% adlay). The results showed that the addition of adlay to the formulation of a sorghum-adlay-based beverage significantly increased the carbohydrate content from 1.24% to 2.71%, tended to increase the protein content from 0.27% to 0.33%, decreased moisture content from 98.47% to 96.91%, and decreased sodium and potassium significantly. The higher concentration of adlay in the product significantly reduced the physical stability of the product and decreased its sensory acceptance. Based on sensory analysis, formula 3 was chosen as the most acceptable sorghum-adlay-based milk with a score of 4.9. The data obtained give brief information on the development of sorghum-adlay-based milk.
Effect of some Medical Plant Extracts and Chemicals on Hormones of Female Rats
Authors: Al-Ameen M L K , Al-Azzawi F F H , Fadhil N J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study was carried out on 45 sexually mature female albino rats at the age of 7-8 weeks and weighing 160-180 ± 10 gm., nine treatments were used in this study, where five rats were isolated for control treatment (without infection). The remaining rats were injected (Subcutaneous) with Indian-made Alloxan, which was prepared at the time of injection at a dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of extracts of medical plants (Curcumin, Origanum majorana, and Vitex aguns-castus) at 50-100 mg/kg body weight and chemotherapy (metformin at 50 mg/kg body weight) on hormones. The results showed a significant increase in LH hormone in the T3, T4, T5, T7, and T9 treatments compared with the T2 treatment. A significant increase in FSH was observed in T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, and T9 treatments compared with T2 treatment. The results of the statistical analysis indicated a significant increase in progesterone in the T3, T5, T7, and T9 treatments compared with the T2 treatment. While T3, T5, and T9 treatments were significantly superior to T2, T4, T6, T7, and T8 treatments in terms of estrogen hormone. While a significant increase in cortisol was observed in the T2 treatment compared with the rest of the treatments. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts of Curcumin, Origanum majorana and Vitex aguns-castus leaves on the sex hormones of female rats. The results have shown that the aqueous extracts have a positive effect on hormones in female rats.