bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HbA1c‐dependent projection of long‐term renal outcomes
Authors: Arnold Frederic , Kappes Julia , Rottmann Felix A. , Westermann Lukas , Welte Thomas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). There is limited data addressing the value of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to predict renal outcomes independent of diabetes status.MethodsThis single‐center retrospective observational study presents data of 19,285 subjects, irrespective of initial CKD or diabetes status. The primary endpoint was defined as the time to manifestation of moderate CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) in subjects with eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline. The secondary endpoint was defined as time to progression of CKD (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2) in subjects with eGFR 30–60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Multivariate time‐to‐event and logistic regression models were applied to estimate the influences of HbA1c, sex, age, eGFR, triglycerides, and cholesterol on both endpoints.ResultsLowest baseline HbA1c levels were associated with the slowest decline of kidney function (median time to manifestation of moderate CKD for HbA1c <5.7%: 15.9 years [95% confidence interval (CI): 15.2–16.7]; for HbA1c 5.7%–6.5%: 14.5 years [95% CI: 14.0–15.1]; for HbA1c 6.5%–8.5%: 11.1 years [95% CI: 10.4–11.7]; for HbA1c >8.5%: 8.3 years [95% CI: 7.8–9.2]; p < 0.001). Similar results were observed for the secondary endpoint. Covariate‐adjusted time‐to‐event analysis demonstrated an almost linear correlation between continuous baseline HbA1c levels and the probabilities of reaching both endpoints.ConclusionsHbA1c levels are a strong predictor for eGFR decline, irrespective of diabetes status or CKD stage, demonstrating a tight concentration‐dependent relationship. This association becomes apparent in the prediabetic HbA1c range and remains constant over the entire HbA1c spectrum.
Stochastic organelle genome segregation through Arabidopsis development and reproduction
Authors: Broz Amanda K. , Sloan Daniel B. , Johnston Iain G. 
Published: November 2023

Summary
Organelle DNA (oDNA) in mitochondria and plastids is vital for plant (and eukaryotic) life. Selection against damaged oDNA is mediated in part by segregation – sorting different oDNA types into different cells in the germline. Plants segregate oDNA very rapidly, with oDNA recombination protein MSH1 a key driver of this segregation, but we have limited knowledge of the dynamics of this segregation within plants and between generations. Here, we reveal how oDNA evolves through Arabidopsis thaliana development and reproduction.
We combine stochastic modelling, Bayesian inference, and model selection with new and existing tissue‐specific oDNA measurements from heteroplasmic Arabidopsis plant lines through development and between generations.
Segregation proceeds gradually but continually during plant development, with a more rapid increase between inflorescence formation and the next generation. When MSH1 is compromised, the majority of observed segregation can be achieved through partitioning at cell divisions. When MSH1 is functional, mtDNA segregation is far more rapid; we show that increased oDNA gene conversion is a plausible mechanism quantitatively explaining this acceleration.
These findings reveal the quantitative, time‐dependent details of oDNA segregation in Arabidopsis. We also discuss the support for different models of the plant germline provided by these observations.
Genetic analysis and characterisation of Cmowf, a gene controlling the white petal colour phenotype in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata D)
Authors: Min Ziyang , Li Yongqi , Sun Bo , Li Jiajia , Wu Qi , Liu Zhongyang , Han Xiaoxia , Hu Xinjun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFlower colour, as an important morphological marker, plays an essential role in improving the identification efficiency of the purity seed in hybrid production. However, the molecular mechanism of white‐flower trait has not been reported in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata D.). In this study, we obtained a white‐flower mutant (wf) through the ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis of inbred line N87 (yellow flower). F2 populations were then constructed by crossing wf mutant and N87 plant to fine map the genes controlling white‐flower trait in pumpkin. Phenotypic identification revealed that carotenoid content significantly decreased in the petals of wf mutants compared with N87 plants. Genetic analysis indicated that the white flower mutant trait was controlled by a single recessive gene, Cmowf. Using bulked segregant analysis and KASP phenotyping, Cmowf was mapped to a 762 kb region on chromosome 14 containing three annotated genes. Among them, a nonsynonymous single‐nucleotide polymorphisms mutation was identified only in CmoCh14G005820 gene, which encoded a DUF1997 family protein. Compared with CmoDUF1997 amino acid sequences between the wf mutants and N87 plants, the critical amino acid mutations (early termination of amino acids) occurred in wf mutants, so CmoCh14G005820 was predicted as a potential candidate for controlling the white‐flower trait. RNA‐sequencing analysis revealed that the expression of CmoCh14G005820 and most genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis was significantly downregulated in wf mutants, whereas the expression of several genes responsible for carotenoid degradation was upregulated in wf mutants. This finding suggested that carotenoid metabolism may participate in the formation of flower colour in pumpkin. Overall, our results provided a theoretical basis for understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying white‐flower formation in pumpkin.
Analysis of CO2 Emission from Urban Soils of the Kola Peninsula (European Arctic)
Authors: Korneykova M. V. , Vasenev V. I. , Saltan N. V. , Slukovskaya M. V. , Soshina A. S. , Zavodskikh M. S. , Sotnikova Yu. L. , Dolgikh A. V. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDynamics of soil CO2emission, temperature, and moisture were studied during the vegetation season (from May to October) in 2021 and 2022 in the residential areas of Murmansk and Apatity cities (Murmansk oblast) in comparison with natural areas. The mean emissions from urban soils were 5–7 g C/(m2day) in summer and 1–2 g C/(m2day) in spring and fall. Temperature was the main abiogenic factor that determined the seasonal dynamics of soil respiration (R2from 0.4 to 0.7,p< 0.05;Q10temperature coefficient up to 2.5), while excess moisture had a limiting effect, especially in the natural areas. The heterogeneity of hydrothermal conditions and the content of biophilic elements determined the differences in the mean CO2emission between natural and urban soils. For the natural soils, the mean temperature was lower and the moisture content was higher than for urban areas, which determined the lowest emission values. Among urban sites, higher CO2emissions were found for tree and shrub vegetation sites.
SR-GAN for SR-gamma: super resolution of photon calorimeter images at collider experiments
Authors: Erdmann Johannes , van der Graaf Aaron , Mausolf Florian , Nackenhorst Olaf 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe study single-image super-resolution algorithms for photons at collider experiments based on generative adversarial networks. We treat the energy depositions of simulated electromagnetic showers of photons and neutral-pion decays in a toy electromagnetic calorimeter as 2D images and we train super-resolution networks to generate images with an artificially increased resolution by a factor of four in each dimension. The generated images are able to reproduce features of the electromagnetic showers that are not obvious from the images at nominal resolution. Using the artificially-enhanced images for the reconstruction of shower-shape variables and of the position of the shower center results in significant improvements. We additionally investigate the utilization of the generated images as a pre-processing step for deep-learning photon-identification algorithms and observe improvements in the case of training samples of small size.
Attack based on data: a novel perspective to attack sensitive points directly
Authors: Ge Yuyao , Yang Zhongguo , Chen Lizhe , Wang Yiming , Li Chengyang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAdversarial attack for time-series classification model is widely explored and many attack methods are proposed. But there is not a method of attack based on the data itself. In this paper, we innovatively proposed a black-box sparse attack method based on data location. Our method directly attack the sensitive points in the time-series data according to statistical features extract from the dataset. At first, we have validated the transferability of sensitive points among DNNs with different structures. Secondly, we use the statistical features extract from the dataset and the sensitive rate of each point as the training set to train the predictive model. Then, predicting the sensitive rate of test set by predictive model. Finally, perturbing according to the sensitive rate. The attack is limited by constraining the L0 norm to achieve one-point attack. We conduct experiments on several datasets to validate the effectiveness of this method.
Addressing shortage of skilled technical workers in the USA: A glimpse for training service providers
Authors: Kalejaiye Peter Oluwadare 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSkilled technical workers are needed to make any country highly competitive and more productive globally. However, there are reports that the supply of skilled technical workers does not adequately meet the current and future demand in the US labor market, and this is expected to continue if proper efforts are not made to increase its supply. As a result, this study examines a relevant sample of the workforce (skilled technical workers) which is important to the USA but has been under-studied in management research by explaining the factors responsible for its sabotage and explaining how these factors should be considered by training service providers to educate and train their target audience to increase skilled technical workers in the country. The narrative literature review was utilized for the study. The study reveals that regulatory, demographic, environmental, educational, and occupational factors are responsible for the shortage of skilled technical workers in the USA. There is a need for training service providers to examine these factors to determine the kind of skilled technical workforce development programs to adopt, the target audience or people to benefit from them, and partner with one another to address the shortage of technical workers. Some of the ways to increase skilled technical workers are formulations of flexible policies backed by effective and efficient implementations, an increase in funding for education and training programs by the government, employers, and non-government organizations, and the motivation of existing workers to attract prospective workers.
Efficacy and Safety of Teprotumumab in Patients With Thyroid Eye Disease of Long Duration and Low Disease Activity
Authors: Douglas Raymond S , Couch Steven , Wester Sara T , Fowler Brian T , Liu Catherine Y , Subramanian Prem S , Tang Rosa , Nguyen Quang T , Maamari Robi N , Ugradar Shoaib , Hsu Kate , Karon Michael , Stan Marius N 
Published: November 2023

AbstractContextEarly inflammatory thyroid eye disease (TED) can lead to symptomatic chronic disease, including disabling proptosis. Teprotumumab, an insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor, previously demonstrated efficacy in acute, high-inflammation TED trials.ObjectiveWe present data from the first placebo-controlled trial with teprotumumab in chronic/low disease activity TED.MethodsThis randomized double-masked, placebo-controlled trial, conducted at 11 US centers, enrolled adult participants with TED duration of 2 to 10 years, Clinical Activity Score (CAS) ≤ 1 or no additional inflammation or progression in proptosis/diplopia for ≥1 year, proptosis ≥3 mm from before TED and/or from normal, euthyroid/mildly hypo/hyperthyroid, no prior teprotumumab, and no steroids within 3 weeks of baseline. Patients received (2:1) intravenous teprotumumab or placebo once every 3 weeks (total 8 infusions). The primary endpoint was proptosis (mm) improvement at Week 24. Adverse events (AEs) were assessed.ResultsA total of 62 (42 teprotumumab and 20 placebo) patients were randomized. At Week 24, least squares mean (SE) proptosis improvement was greater with teprotumumab (−2.41 [0.228]) than with placebo (−0.92 [0.323]), difference −1.48 (95% CI −2.28, −0.69; P = .0004). Proportions of patients with AEs were similar between groups. Hyperglycemia was reported in 6 (15%) vs 2 (10%) and hearing impairment in 9 (22%) vs 2 (10%) with teprotumumab and placebo, respectively. AEs led to discontinuation in 1 teprotumumab (left ear conductive hearing loss with congenital anomaly) and 1 placebo patient (infusion-related). There were no deaths.ConclusionTeprotumumab significantly improved proptosis vs placebo in longstanding/low inflammation TED, demonstrating efficacy regardless of disease duration/activity. The safety profile was comparable to that previously reported.
Sherman v. Department of Public Safety: Institutional Responsibility for Sexual Assault
Authors: Goldberg John C. P. , Zipursky Benjamin C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article addresses the intersection of three important topics: sexual assault, police misconduct, and employer liability for employee torts. As to the last of these, while there have long been debates among jurists in the U.S. concerning the proper scope of respondeat superior liability, courts have mostly adhered to an approach that focuses on whether the employee acted for the purpose of serving the employer’s interests. The narrowness of this purpose-based test, as compared to available alternatives, makes it imperative for lawyers, judges, and scholars to be attentive to other, less well-known, bases for employer liability. In Sherman v Department of Public Safety, the Delaware Supreme Court applied a particular version of one such doctrine – the “aided-by-agency” doctrine – to hold a police department accountable for its officer’s sexual assault of an arrestee. By articulating this doctrine in a thoughtful and circumscribed manner, the Court affirmed its reputation as a leader in the development of agency law, while also providing a helpful framework that can be applied to hold certain employers liable when employees take advantage of their employment-based authority over their victims to perpetrate assaults.
Sorvetes saborizados com coprodutos de frutas tropicais, desidratados por secagem convectiva: caracterização microbiológica, físico-química e propriedades funcionais
Authors: Meneses Viviana Pereira de , Araújo Ana Luiza Macedo de , Ferreira Neto João , Rolim Hermano Oliveira , Santos Carlos Christiano Lima dos , Lima Poliana Sousa Epaminondas 
Published: November 2023

<p>No Brasil, a produção nas indústrias de polpas de frutas cresce a cada ano, gera maior quantidade de resíduos e causa um impacto ambiental negativo. Uma opção viável para agregar valor e promover variadas formas de utilização para seu aproveitamento é a transformação destes subprodutos por secagem. Os produtos desidratados têm se destacado pela facilidade de conservação e comercialização. Uma maneira de empregar esses resíduos após a desidratação é incorporar, sob forma de pós, em sorvetes, como saborizantes naturais. Diante disso, objetivou estudar o aproveitamento dos resíduos desidratados de manga (RDM), goiaba (RDG) e acerola (RDA), obtidos por meio de secagem convectiva em bandejas (55 ºC/ 48 horas), e aplicá-los em sorvetes como saborizantes naturais. Foram avaliados nos sorvetes as características físico-químicas, propriedades funcionais e qualidade higienicossanitária, esta também para coprodutos desidratados. Quanto às análises físico-químicas, a amostra F3 (sorvete com adição de 10% de coproduto desidratado de acerola) apresentou destaque para acidez total (1,00%), acidez em ácido láctico (0,91%) e proteínas (4,63%). Quanto a carboidratos e valor calórico, as três formulações de sorvetes apresentaram semelhança entre si (<em>p</em> &gt; 0,05). F3 mostrou mais rica em compostos fenólicos e vitamina C. F2 (sorvete com adição de 10% de coproduto desidratado de goiaba) apresentou maior teor de carotenoides em licopeno e menor teor de carotenoides em β-caroteno. A qualidade higienicossanitária esteve dentro dos padrões, tanto para os coprodutos desidratados das três frutas, quanto para as três formulações de sorvetes. Diante dos resultados satisfatórios das formulações, sugere-se que a adição dos coprodutos de manga, goiaba e acerola seja uma alternativa viável como saborizante natural e incremento de nutrientes e fitoquímicos em sorvetes, reduzindo o desperdício, sem interferir de forma significativa nas características do produto. </p>
Obesity among school-age children from Zakho (Kurdistan, Iraq) is linked to viewing screen media
Authors: Armishty Farhad Shaker , Ibrahim Ronahi Younis , Adam Adam J. , Haji Racheen S. , Ghazi Zeen Khalil , Tahir Parwar I. 
Published: November 2023

Background. Healthcare systems are very concerned about childhood obesity, which continues to be a barrier to medical innovation. Over the last three decades, the frequency of childhood overweight/ obesity has increased significantly. Children spend a significant amount of time in front of electronic devices such as cell phones, games, computers, and television that is linked to a decreased physical activity and weight gain. The purpose of the study was to find the association between watching screen media and obesity in school-aged children from Zakho. Materials and methods. This is a cross-sectional, case-control, face-to-face survey study. All students aged 9–15 years from different schools were invited to complete the questionnaire. Well-trained medical students collected the anthropometric measurements of weight and height. Results. A total of 500 students between 9 and 15 years were interviewed. Approximately 72 % of them were males and 28 % were females. There was a significant association between a history of eating while watching screens and obesity (P = 0.003), as well as between the average number of hours spent daily using a computer and obesity (P = 0.016). Conclusions. In summary, this study supported the link between screen usage and childhood obesity in school-aged children. As a result, it is vital to create health promotion initiatives that emphasize a healthy 24-hour period, which includes a balanced amount of time spent engaging in physical activity, watching television, and sleeping.
Gender Reconstruction in Visual Form of Teaching Material
Authors: Sahayu Wening , Malia Lia , Mulyati Retna Endah Sri , Triyono Sulis , Novitasari Rahma Kurnia , Tamitope Sulaimon Jamiu 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Gender has become a crucial area of research due to the unpleasant experience of gender disparity in the workplace, home, and other settings, including education, health, and civic engagement. The ideal way to promote gender equality early on is to guarantee everyone access to a high-quality education. The learning process is greatly aided by textbooks. Through language, visuals, stories, and illustrations, gender content is developed and represented in books. Given that the textbook serves as the primary means of instruction, it is crucial to examine how gender is constructed in Kontakte Deutsch 1, the widely used textbook in Indonesia.
Methodology:
A descriptive qualitative methodology was used in this study's Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach. The research data source was from illustrations, words, and stories in the textbook Kontakte Deutsch 1.
Findings:
The results showed that male and female figures appeared visually at the same frequency. In categories like social roles, passions, and professional choices, gender equality was noted and portrayed. Inequalities such as stereotyping, gender subordination, and marginalization of gender were still present in a tiny proportion of phrases and narratives.
Conclusion:
This study demonstrated how the authors of Kontakte Deutsch 1 made an effort to advance gender equality principles through linked topics. Gender discrimination only appeared in a minor portion of the story.
Originality:
There have been no studies on gender reconstruction in Kontakte Deutsch 1, commonly used in Indonesian high schools. This thorough investigation deepens our understanding of how gender is portrayed in instructional materials and emphasizes the significance of treating all genders equally and respectfully.
IDENTIFICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS RADIATION INTENSITY ON MEDIUM VOLTAGE NETWORK EQUIPMENT
Authors: Siregar Niko , Kurnianto Rudi , Imansyah Fitri , Yacoub Redi , Kusumawardhani Eka 
Published: November 2023

This research is about how to identify electromagnetic fields radiation intensity with measuring the electric fields and magnetic fields then compare it to the radiation exposure standards for public from ICNIRP. With the experimental method directly to the 15 randomize research sites in Pontianak city, each measurement on 1 site done on 4 sides, front, back, right and left of the objects and each sides done measurement 5 times on different distance from 1 – 5 m. The objects that has been measured are Transformer, which is very high value of electromagnetic fields compare it to any other medium voltage network equipment. The results still so much lower value than the exposure standards for public, but according to Anies reference there will be some effects about this if the public been exposed to radiation for too long, there are psychological and physicalogical effects. Hopefully this research could be referred to the public to consider the dangers exposed to radiation exposure of electromagnetic fields by medium voltage network equipment.
FTTH NETWORK DISTURBANCE ANALYSIS BASED ON ATTENUATION AND RECEPTION POWER ON THE INDIHOME SINGKAWANG NETWORK
Authors: Oktariani Ade , Imansyah Fitri , Yacoub Redi Ratiandi 
Published: November 2023

Optical fiber is a transmission medium that allows it to meet human needs to be able to transfer data faster because it uses light as a conductor. There is a damping problem in optical fiber, it needs to be accommodated so as to minimize the occurrence of attenuation in optical fiber. With this research, it can be known the magnitude of the value of a fiber optic transmission attenuation through the method of measuring attenuation values and receiving power at the customer's home using OPM, identifying fiber optic channel attenuation that affects the quality of internet services, and knowing the comparison of OPM measurement results with OT data reading. This study uses an analytical descriptive approach where the research will describe what it is about a variable that is processed, as well as the symptoms and conditions to be identified. So the results of the study can be obtained, namely, the amount of attenuation measured in the customer's home is influenced by the attenuation measured in ODP. Attenuation at ODP is small with an average optical power value of -18.39 dB, this makes attenuation in customers' homes, namely ONT, tend to be smaller with an average optical power value of -20.04 dB. There is an additional value of -1.65 dB per transmission. So it is known that the longer the cable used for fiber optic transmission, the greater the attenuation produced so that the optical power emitted by the sender will weaken along with the length of the cable. This is what will affect the quality of internet services.