bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metamorphic evolution and reworking of the Sleaford Complex metapelites in the southern Eyre Peninsula, South Australia*
Authors: TONG L. , WILSON C. J. L. , VASSALLO J. J. 
Published: December 2004

The partial melting processes of Al‐rich and cordierite‐absent garnet–orthopyroxene‐bearing leucosome assemblages in the reworked Archaean Sleaford Complex in southern Eyre Peninsula, South Australia are examined. The Kimban Orogeny produced a pervasive development of garnet–K‐feldspar‐dominated leucosome assemblages. The textural relationships suggest that the peak assemblage garnet–orthopyroxene–K‐feldspar involved a melt phase and formed through the divariant partial melting reaction garnet + biotite = orthopyroxene + K‐feldspar + liquid in the KFMASH system, during a prograde KD1 heating event. A cordierite‐bearing metapelite also preserves the peak KD1 assemblage of garnet–cordierite–orthopyroxene–K‐feldspar, and the textural relationships suggest that peak assemblages formed through the crossing of the univariant partial melting reaction garnet + biotite = orthopyroxene + cordierite + K‐feldspar + liquid in the KFMASH system, during the KD1 prograde heating stage. It is suggested that peak metamorphic P–T conditions reached 850–900°C and 0.9–1.0 GPa, and that the preservation of peak assemblages means that some melt was lost near or during the metamorphic peak. The pervasive interstitial K‐feldspar grains nucleated synchronously with decompression, and the second generation of small euhedral garnets are inferred to have formed through decompression‐generated partial melting during a KD2 high‐strain shear event. The P–T conditions of 700–750°C and 0.5–0.6 GPa were attained during the KD2 high‐grade shear event. The inferred clockwise P–T path from KD1 to KD2 is compatible with a collisional tectonic model during the Kimban Orogeny (ca 1730–1700 Ma), whereas syn‐KD2 decompression‐cooling was a result of rapid tectonic exhumation of the terrain.
Cenozoic stratigraphic succession in southeastern Australia
Authors: McGOWRAN B. , HOLDGATE G. R. , LI Q. , GALLAGHER S. J. 
Published: December 2004

Strata of Cenozoic age occur around the southern margin of Australia as thin and discontinuous outcrops, interpolated and fleshed out by economic exploration onshore and offshore. The neritic strata fall into four sequences or allostratigraphic packages of (I) Paleocene – Early Eocene, (II) Middle Eocene – Early Oligocene, (III) Late Oligocene – Middle Miocene, and (IV) Late Miocene – Holocene age: a four‐part pattern that can be seen also in the flanking pelagic and terrestrial realms including regolith deep weathering. Problems of correlation and age determination (predominantly biostratigraphic) have included biogeographical constraints (endemism in neritic molluscs and terrestrial palynomorphs, mid‐latitude assemblages in calcareous plankton), and slow progress in magnetostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy. Sequence I largely repeats the Cretaceous siliciclastic–coal, marginal‐marine facies (carbonate‐poor, with marine and non‐marine palynomorphs and agglutinated foraminifers) punctuated by marine ingressions with microfaunas and sparse macrofaunas. Sequence II contains the first carbonates in the region since the Palaeozoic and the most extensive coals of the Cenozoic anywhere. Sequence III contains the most extensive neritic carbonates and the last major coals. Sequence IV is more strongly siliciclastic than the two preceding. Each of these four second‐order entities (107 years duration) comprises third‐order packages each with an unconformity and marine transgression. These packages hold true right along the southern Australian margin in the sense that the hiatuses and transgression do not display significant diachroneity at the relevant time‐scales (105−106 years). Recognised, delimited and correlated independently of the putatively global Exxon sequences, they are remarkably consistent with the latter, thereby providing a significant regional test. There are two widespread emphases on southern Australian geohistory and biohistory: (i) to regard the regional story as part of the global story of accreting continents, an expiring Tethys, and an episodically cooling planet; and (ii) a somewhat contrary emphasis, with the region being a special case of rapid longitudinal motion towards the equator. Both emphases are plausible with the former being the more heuristic. The stratigraphic record is strongly punctuated, the four sequences being separated by both tectonic and climatic events. Thus: the sequence I/II gap involved extensive plate‐tectonic reorganisation and a new spreading regime from ca 43 Ma, coevally with early growth of Antarctic ice; in the II/III gap, deformation in marginal basins is coeval with a global low in cooling, large ice sheet and falling sea‐level to ca 30 Ma; and the III/IV gap is marked by widespread cessation or contraction of stratal accumulation and withdrawal of thermophilic taxa coevally with the major expansion at ca 14 Ma of the Antarctic ice sheet, onset of intense canyon cutting, and plate‐wide basin inversion.
Fatigue crack growth model for constant amplitude loading
Authors: PANDEY K. N. , CHAND S. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTA fatigue crack growth model under constant amplitude loading has been developed considering energy balance during growth of the crack. The plastic energy dissipated during growth of a crack within cyclic plastic zone and area below cyclic stress–strain curve was used in the energy balance. The near crack tip elastic–plastic stress and strain were calculated on the basis of Hutchinson, Rice and Rosengren (HRR) formulations. Fatigue crack growth rate in linear and near threshold region of da/dNversus ΔKcurve can be determined on the basis of the proposed model in terms of low cycle fatigue (LCF) properties determined on smooth specimen. The predictions of the model have been compared with the experimental and theoretical results available in the literature using mechanical and fatigue properties. The model compares well in the threshold and intermediate region of the da/dNversus ΔKcurve for wide range of material tested.
Fatigue behaviour of welded joints with cracks, repaired by hammer peening
Authors: BRANCO C. M. , INFANTE V. , BAPTISTA R. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTRehabilitation of a welded structure, which involves repair of cracked joints, is achieved when the local treatment for repair gives a fatigue strength in the joint equal or above the fatigue strength of the uncracked original detail. If the treatment is properly applied the rehabilitation of the detail is assured, and the nature of the weld toe improvement methods can produce a joint, after repair, with a fatigue strength and residual life greater than the initial detail. The paper presents the results obtained on a fatigue study on the rehabilitation of non‐load carrying fillet welded joints loaded in bending at the main plate and with fatigue cracking at the weld toes of the attachment in the main plate and though the plate thickness. Residual stresses were measured at the surface, with X‐ray diffraction. The residual stresses induced by hammer peening at the weld toe were found to be greater along the longitudinal direction of the plate than in the transverse direction. The peak residual stresses near the weld toe were found to be close to yield in compression, justifying the great benefit of hammer peening. Results of a derived gain factor, g, in fatigue life were obtained as a function of the crack depth repaired by hammer peening.
Methodology for fatigue life assessment of the structural integrity of fighter aircraft
Authors: REIS L. , FONSECA A. , DE FREITAS M. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTThis work describes the present methodology used on Portuguese Air Force (PoAF) aircrafts for fatigue life assessment to maintain its structural integrity. This methodology uses experimental flight data collected by airborne instrumentation systems. The recorded data are analysed for the prediction of the crack growth of defects at critical components of the aircraft and this information is then used for planning non‐destructive inspections, maintenance, logistical support and operational usage of the various fleets. This methodology is exemplified by one application on DASSAULT/DORNIER ALPHA‐JET aircraft.
Fatigue life prediction and failure analysis of a gas turbine disc using the finite‐element method
Authors: CLÁUDIO R. A. , BRANCO C. M. , GOMES E. C. , J. BYRNE  , HARRISON G. F. , WINSTONE M. R. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTA numerical prediction of the life of a gas turbine model disc by means of the finite‐element technique is presented and the solution is compared with an experimental rim‐spinning test. The finite‐element method was used to obtain the K solution for a disc with two types of cracks, both at the notch root of the blade insert and located in the corner and in the centre. A crack aspect ratio of (a/c) = 1 was assumed. The fracture mechanics parameters J‐integral and K were used in the assessment, which were computed with linear elastic and elastic–plastic material behaviour. Using a crack propagation program with appropriate fatigue‐creep crack growth‐rate data, previously obtained in specimens for the nickel‐based superalloy IN718 at 600 °C, fatigue life predictions were made. The predicted life results were checked against experimental data obtained in real model discs. The numerical method, based on experimental fatigue data obtained in small laboratory specimens, shows great potential for development, and may be able to reduce the enormous costs involved in the testing of model and full‐size components.
Tiapride for monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis (dysmorphic delusion subtype) in presenile patients
Authors: MUKAI Taijiro 
Published: December 2004

AbstractMonosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis (dysmorphic delusion subtype) can be seen in people of all ages. It is well known as being difficult to treat, especially in presenile and older patients. In younger patients, it is commonly treated with neuroleptics like pimozide but in presenile and older patients this form of treatment is limited because of the aversive side‐effects of neuroleptics, such as extrapyramidal syndrome. The present study describes a successful course of treatment with tiapride in a presenile patient with monosymptomatic hypochondoriacal psychosis (dysmorphic delusion subtype) without any adverse side‐effects when compared to other treatments and monodelusional disorders in elderly people. It is concluded that tiapride should be considered the treatment of choice for monodelusional disorders in presenile people.
Reaching Target Hemoglobin after Hospitalization for Incident Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Solid C.A. , Foley R.N. , Gilbertson D.T. , Collins. A. 
Published: December 2004

Introduction:  The Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) has established target hemoglobin (Hb) level of 11–12 g/dL for all dialysis patients. For patients who leave an inpatient hospitalization with an Hb under this target, it is hypothesized that several factors contribute to the length of time required to achieve an Hb of 11 g/dL after hospitalization.Objective:  To identify factors contributing to a decreased likelihood of reaching this target Hb.Methods:  Using the first hospitalization of patients who initiated HD in 1999 and who were regularly treated with EPO, we identified those with a mean Hb of less than 11 g/dL on EPO claims during the same month as their index hospitalization. Patients were then followed up to see how long it took them to achieve an Hb of 11 g/dL, censored at death, re‐hospitalization, a switch of modality, or suspension of EPO treatment.Results:  A total of 6050 HD patients were identified. 3 months after hospitalization, 70% had achieved 11 g/dL, and 12% had been censored. For the remaining patients who eventually reached 11 g/dL, the average number of additional months required was 2.69 (SE of 0.09). From proportional hazards regression on the time (in months) to achieving an Hb of 11 g/dL, factors that significantly decreased the likelihood of reaching a target Hb included: a diagnosis on the index hospitalization of CHF or hepatic disease, a low Hb prior to the hospitalization, a high dose of EPO prior to the hospitalization, and a longer hospital stay.Conclusions:  Patients with anemia after hospitalization are at high risk of both persistent anemia and rehospitalization. It is important to address patient comorbidities, to ensure adequate medication usage, and to monitor patient progress to prevent hospitalizations and potential impact on Hb levels.
Is Dialysis Always Justified? Ethics and Economics
Authors: Oadri M. , Atray N.K. , Vachharajani T.J. 
Published: December 2004

Introduction:  Terminally ill patients requiring dialysis present complex ethical and medical dilemma to the nephrologists. With the rising health care costs and futility of care in such cases, the financial burden is a lingering concern.Methods:  We describe a 77‐year‐old male with lymphoma and prostate cancer admitted for abdominal pain and weight loss. He was found to have metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma on laparotomy. His malignancy was deemed inoperable and was offered palliative care. Subsequent hospital course was complicated by sepsis with multiple organ failure resulting in acute renal failure requiring dialysis support. Being aware of his poor prognosis, patient initially declined interventions including dialysis. He was later convinced by his family and agreed to aggressive therapeutic intervention. Anticipating a complicated course, hemodialysis was initiated through cuffed tunneled catheter (CTC). Subsequently, he had multiple episodes of sepsis resulting in removal of CTC, necessitating insertion of 9 temporary dialysis catheters and 3 CTC over a 9‐month period; further complicated by thrombosis of both femoral veins. Eventually, patient's condition progressively deteriorated and dialysis was withdrawn with family's consent 9 months following surgery. Patient was put on comfort care and died 2 days later. He spent a total of 7½ months in ICU, 1 month in skilled care facility, and 2 weeks on regular hospital floor. Total VAMC expenditure was $373,964, which in a private setting would be approximately $1.0 million.Conclusion:  This case highlights the futility of aggressive management of renal failure in terminally ill elderly patients. Besides its inability to improve quality of life, it adds as a financial burden to the society.
Factors Affecting Flow‐Mediated Vasodilatation in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Ryu D.R. , Choi H.Y. , Kang S.W. , Choi K.H. , Lee H.Y. , Han D.S. , Kang E.W. , Oh S.J. , Shin S.K. 
Published: December 2004

Clinical manifestation of overt vascular disease may be preceded for years by endothelial dysfunction.Objective:  This study was undertaken to evaluate endothelial function in ESRD patients and correlation between endothelial function and clinical and biochemical parameters.Methods:  32 stable ESRD patients (male : female = 16 : 16, average age: 55.2 ± 13.0) on hemodialysis were included. A 10‐MHz ultrasound transducer was used to image the brachial artery. Brachial artery diameter was measured, and reactive hyperemia was induced by inflation to 250 mmHg for 5 min and then deflation of a pneumatic cuff. After release of the cuff, brachial artery diameter was measured.Results:  In the entire study population and non‐diabetic group, the %FMD (% flow‐mediated dilatation, % change of brachial artery diameter between before and after cuff inflation) did not show any significant correlation with duration of dialysis, age, hypertension, albumin, CRP, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride. However, the %FMD of diabetic patients was lower than that of non‐diabetics. Among the patients with diabetes, the group of patients with FMD of <5.2% showed significant lower serum albumin and significantly higher ln(CRP) levels compared to the group of patients with FMD ≥5.2%. The %FMD showed significant positive correlation with serum albumin level and significant negative correlation with ln(CRP) in diabetic patients.Conclusion:  These findings suggest that endothelial dysfunction, estimated by FMD, was significantly more prominent in diabetic ESRD, especially with low serum albumin and high CRP levels.
Changes of Plasma Amino Acid Profile in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Shin Y.S. , Cho H.M. , Kim Y.O. , Kim Y.S. , Chang Y.S. , Lee M.D. , Bang B.K. 
Published: December 2004

Healthy nutritional status is crucial for obtaining favorable hemodialysis (HD) and transplantation results in chronic renal failure (CRF), because there is a high incidence of malnutrition in these patients. In addition, there is a remarkable loss of amino acids (AAs) during HD.Purpose:  This study examined changes in the serum AA profiles of pre‐ and post‐HD in order to plan a strategy for providing nutritional support to patients on HD.Method:  Twenty‐nine stable male patients on HD were enrolled in this study. The criteria for patient selection were urine output less than 200 mL/day, 3 times HD a week, and HD treatment for more than 12 months.Results:  Total plasma AA concentrations of pre‐ and post‐HD were 2948.4 ± 543.1 and 2279.2 ± 400.8 mol/L, the difference being highly significant (p < 0.0001). There was also a significant decrease in the level of essential AAs (EAAs, 774.4 ± 163.8 vs. 643.4 ± 142.5 μmol/L, p < 0.0005) and non‐EAAs (2019.0 ± 411.7 vs. 1539.6 ± 278.3 μmol/L, p < 0.0001) after HD. The ratio of the EAAs to the non‐EAAs increased after HD (0.39 ± 0.07 vs. 0.42 ± 0.07 μmol/L). The level of branched chain AAs (BCAAs) of pre‐ and post‐HD was 323.3 ± 73.7 vs. 286.7 ± 71.2 μmol/L and that of aromatic AAs (AAAs) was 180.9 ± 56.2 vs. 137.5 ± 42.6 μmol/L (p < 0.0005), and the BCCA to AAA ratio increased after HD (1.8 ± 0.41 vs. 2.2 ± 0.57 μmol/L, p = 0.01). Among the abnormal AAs which appear in CRF, the concentrations of β‐aminobutyric acid, citrulline, 1‐methyl histidine, phophoserine, and taurine decreased significantly after HD.Conclusion:  Patients revealed a large loss of AAs including abnormal‐appearing AAs during HD. The ratios of EAA to non‐EAA and BCAA to AAA increase significantly, which indicates the beneficial effect of HD on the metabolic recovery of the AA profile. But replacing AAs, especially EAAs with high BCAAs, is essential for maintaining nutritional status to compensate the significant loss of AAs during HD.
Relationship of Hypoalbuminemia to Multiple Clinical Factors in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Schiro‐Harvey K. , Diamond R. , Jones A. , Buss J. 
Published: December 2004

Research shows that low albumin is correlated with higher morbidity and mortality in the dialysis population. The reasons for this are multi‐factorial and may be related to inadequate protein intake, infection and sepsis, inadequate dialysis, or catabolism of uremia. USRDS data show that ESRD Network 16 tends to have lower albumins compared to other ESRD Networks.Objective:  To evaluate albumin status of HD patients at Puget Sound Kidney Centers, Everett, WA (ESRD Network 16) and identify potential factors that may put patients at risk of hypoalbuminemia.Methods:  Clinical and biochemical data were collected for 3 months on 221 HD patients. Data included serum albumin (bromcresol purple), calcium, phosphorus, CO2, Hct, % saturation, ferritin, PTH, BUN, Kt/V, URR, nPCR, hours of HD treatment, interdialytic fluid weight gains, DW changes, incidence of infection and hospitalization, catheter use for dialysis access, presence of diabetes and other co‐morbidities, dialyzer reuse, social/psychological status, and use of nutrition supplements. All biochemical data were collected after the longest interdialytic period and analyzed at the same reference laboratory. Data were averaged for each patient for the 3 months and correlations between parameters were determined using Chi‐square analysis.Results:  25% of all patients had albumins <3.2 g/dL (reference range for normal population 3.5–5.0 g/dL). Patients with lower albumins were significantly more likely to have DM (p < 0.02), use catheters for HD access (p < 0.001), had infections during the previous month (p < 0.001), been hospitalized during the previous month (p < 0.002), have co‐morbid issues (p < 0.001), and use nutrition supplements (p < 0.002). No other factors were significantly correlated with lower albumin.Conclusion:  Factors other than nutrition seem to be related to hypoalbuminemia. This study has prompted improved protocols for catheter care and use, infection control, and early intervention for nutrition supplement use. Increased screening and monitoring at‐risk patients (those with diabetes and other co‐morbid conditions) has resulted in improved patient care.
The Unsung Heroes (RNS) Battle Against SARS in Hemodialysis Setting
Authors: Rico A. , Mislang J. 
Published: December 2004

In early 2003, cases of SARS had surfaced around the world. The vast majority happened in China, Hong Kong, and Canada. In Toronto, the individual who manifested symptoms of SARS after visiting China died on March 22, 2003. A few days later SARS was declared a provincial emergency. Corona virus, the causative agent, is not well known. Its transmission and mutation had to be researched. Shortly thereafter, clusters of people were showing symptoms of the virus. There were 258 probable cases of SARS by May 14. The Ontario Ministry of Health and health care providers took steps to contain the virus, isolating those who were exposed and adopting new infection control procedures. On May 17, the provincial emergency was lifted. On May 25, there was a new wave of SARS cases (2nd outbreak). This was traced back to an RN who worked in a non‐SARS unit. Nurses working directly with SARS were faced with very challenging times. SARS was a huge concern and impacted all health care professionals. The hemodialysis unit was no exception. After all, dialysis patients are already immunocompromised, mostly elderly, and frequent visits to the hospital make them more susceptible to the virus.Objective:  To identify how hemodialysis nurses were impacted by the SARS outbreak and the nursing management to control the disease.Method:  Saint Michael's Hospital in Toronto took a leadership role and became one of the SARS Tertiary Response Team. Four hemodialysis nurses were designated as trainers to train the other staff regarding infection prevention and control. Measures were in place such as: (a) strict screening methods for patients, staff, and visitors; (b) mask fitting for all staff; (c) use of PPE (protective protection equipment) (d) use of Hospital ID bar code for staff to declare themselves free of SARS.Results/Conclusion:  On August 25, there was only one probable case and there was no evidence of transmission of the virus in the hemodialysis unit. As for the nurses and all the unsung heroes who always put the needs and safety of their patients ahead of themselves, they continue to be dedicated in maintaining quality patient care even in the face of crisis or in an environment of fear.