bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What women want: Comparing leadership challenges in Europe and the U.S.
Authors: Ohlott Patricia , Bhandary Aparna , Tavares Joan 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAs European companies strive to provide more in the way of support for talented women managers who deserve to
rise up the career ladder, they have little to go by to identify the major obstacles faced by these managers and to
respond to their developmental needs. Now some recent CCL research suggests some answers.
Development of midline glial populations at the corticoseptal boundary
Authors: Shu Tianzhi , Puche Adam C. , Richards Linda J. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThree midline glial populations are found at the corticoseptal boundary: the glial wedge (GW), glia within the indusium griseum (IGG), and the midline zipper glia (MG). Two of these glial populations are involved in axonal guidance at the cortical midline, specifically development of the corpus callosum. Here we investigate the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of each population and determine whether they are generated at the same developmental stage. We find that the GW is derived from the radial glial scaffold of the cortex. GW cells initially have long radial processes that extend from the ventricular surface to the pial surface, but by E15 loose their pial attachment and extend only part of the way to the pial surface. Later in development the radial morphology of cells within the GW is replaced by multipolar astrocytes, providing supportive evidence that radial glia can transform into astrocytes. IGG and MG do not have a radial morphology and do not label with the radial glial markers, Nestin and RC2. We conclude that the GW and IGG have different morphological and molecular characteristics and are born at different stages of development. IGG and MG have many phenotypic and molecular characteristics in common, indicating that they may represent a common population of glia that becomes spatially distinct by the formation of the corpus callosum. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 57: 81–94, 2003
Removal of both antennae influences the courtship and aggressive behaviors in male crickets
Authors: Murakami Shio , Itoh Masanori T. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTo test whether insect antennae are necessary for eliciting courtship and aggression toward appropriate partners, we antennectomized adult male crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) and observed their behavior toward other antennectomized males and intact females. At 7 days after removal of both antennae, pairs of antennectomized males were placed together; 80% displayed courtship behavior, generating courtship song by rubbing their forewings together, toward other antennectomized males, and 20% displayed aggressive behavior. Only 45% courted intact females. No intact males courted antennectomized males, and 80% displayed aggressive behavior. All intact males courted females. The results for males with one antenna removed were essentially the same as for intact males. These findings indicate that a high proportion of male crickets with both antennae removed court other males and fail to display male‐male aggression, demonstrating that removal of antennae from male crickets induces male‐male courtship and that an antenna is necessary for the expression of male‐male aggression. Moreover, brain serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT) levels in male crickets were significantly reduced at 7 days after removal of antennae. The reduction of 5‐HT was detected primarily in the central body of the brain. Thus, 5‐HT in the central body of the male cricket brain may be involved in the behavioral changes. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 57: 110–118, 2003
Intact spatial discrimination performance but impaired reaction time performance after frontal cortex lesions in the rat
Authors: Blokland A. , Broersen L.M. , Uylings H.B.M. , Jolles J. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn the present study the consequences of frontal cortex (FC) lesions on spatial discrimination learning and reaction time performance were assessed in rats. Spatial working‐ and reference memory were tested simutalneously in a cone field task. It was found that FC lesions did not impair both aspects of spatial discrimination performance in this task. In a choice reaction time task the FC lesion decreased the response speed (reaction time and motor time). Detailed analysis of the reaction times indicated that these effects could be attributed to an impaired motor preparation and/or an attention deficit. The present study suggests that claims of deficit in learning and memory following FC lesions should take into account possible effects of motor preparation/execution and attention.
Differential regulation of map kinase isoforms by H2O2 in neuronal cells
Authors: Gargi Amandeep , Kumar Naresh , Dey Chinmoy S. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) family is involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation and stress signals. In this study, we investigated the role of MAPK in response to H2O2, an oxidative stress, in neuronal cells. Activation of c‐Jun‐N‐terminal kinase (JNK) was sustained, where as extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 MAPK were transiently activated in response to H2O2 treatment. Inhibition of ERK and p38 resulted in higher activation of JNK in response to H2O2 treatment. The treatment with H2O2 led to apoptosis. The results implicate potential role of MAP kinases in neurodegenerative disorders mediated by oxidative stress.
Vitamin D receptor expression in the embryonic rat brain
Authors: Burkert Rachel , McGrath John , Eyles Darryl 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe are interested in determining whether low maternal vitamin D3 affects brain development in utero. Whilst the vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been identified in embryonic rat brains, the timing and magnitude of its expression across the brain remains unclear. In this study we have quantitated VDR expression during development as well correlated the timing of its appearance with two vital developmental events, apoptosis and mitosis. Brains from embryonic rats (embryonic days 15–23) were examined. We show that the well‐described increase in apoptotic cells and decrease in mitotic cells during development correlates with the appearance of the VDR in brain tissue. Given that vitamin D3 regulates mitosis and apoptosis in non‐neuronal tissue we speculate that the timing of VDR expression in embryonic brain may directly or indirectly mediate features of neuronal apoptosis and mitosis.
MRSDCI study of the two lower‐lying doublet electronic states of the BeB, MgB, and CaB molecules
Authors: Pelegrini Marina , Roberto‐Neto Orlando , Machado Francisco B. C. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractPotential energy curves, dipole and transition moment functions, spectroscopy constants, radiative transition probabilities, and lifetimes for the two lower‐lying doublet states (X2Π and A2Σ+) of the BeB, MgB, and CaB molecules are reported with multireference singles and doubles configuration interaction methodology. Radiative lifetimes for ν′ = 0 are predicted to be 158 μs, 281 μs, and 87 μs for BeB, MgB, and CaB, respectively. The strongest transitions from ν′ = 0 should occur to vibrational levels ν″ = 0 and 1 for BeB, to ν″ = 2 and 3, for MgB and to ν″ = 3 and 4 for CaB. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 95: 205–212, 2003
Polyacetylene as a qubit system
Authors: Da Silva Andre Elvas Pereira , Silva Geraldo Magela E 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe dynamics of a polyacetylene single chain as a system for possible physical implementations of quantum bits is determined. This novel proposition is studied by varying intensity and duration of application of an electric field as well as the intensity, number, and position in the polymer chain of impurity molecules. The behavior of soliton pairs, whose associated energy levels form the quantum bit, is analyzed. The chain is modeled by a modified Pariser–Parr–Pople Hamiltonian extended to include the effects of an external electric field and the parameters of the impurity molecules. The effect of the variation of the field and impurities on the separation of the energy levels associated with soliton pairs is analyzed by numerical integration of the equations of motion. Two different approaches for controlling the separation of levels are presented and their features compared. First, we examine the use of changes in the electric field to control the distance (and ultimately coupling) between two solitons moving freely on the chain or captured by the potential generated by the impurity molecules. Second, we look at the change in the intensity of the impurities alone, with no application of an external field. We have found that the effect of the use of the field on the separation of levels is much smaller than the one obtained by changes in the parameters of the impurity molecules, which eventually led us to achieve quantum bit behavior in a polyacetylene chain. The influence of the field and impurity parameters in the energy levels is determined, as is their role in the coupling of the two solitons on the chain. Critical values for distance between solitons, intensity of field, and impurities that determine whether a pair of solitons can work as a quantum bit are obtained. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 95: 224–229, 2003
Combined computational and chemometric study of 1H‐indole‐3‐acetic acid
Authors: Kiralj Rudolf , Ferreira Márcia M. C. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractGeometries of free 1H‐indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and IAA hydrogen bond dimer were optimized at several computational levels: molecular mechanics, semiempirical methods, ab initio density functional theory with SVWN (Slater‐Vosko‐Wilk‐Nusair) and Becke's three‐parameter exchange functional and the gradient‐corrected functional of Lee, Yang, and Paar (B3LYP) functionals, and Hartree–Fock (HF). Bond length matrices X(mxn) (m = number of bonds, n = number of experimental determinations and theoretical calculations) and their transposes X(nxm) for IAA monomer, IAA dimer, and hydrogen bond ring (angles included) were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Ab initio methods prove to be superior to molecular mechanics and semiempirical methods: SVWN methods are the best for monomer, and B3LYP are best for dimer geometry optimization. The B3LYP and HF methods can be used equally well for optimization of the dimer ring geometry. Other hydrogen bond and aromaticity structural parameters exhibit preference either for B3LYP or SVWN methods. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 95: 237–251, 2003
Conformational analysis and electronic interactions of 2‐thiosubstituted cyclohexanones by semiempirical method PM3
Authors: Faria Luciano Emerich , Donnici Claudio Luis , Lopes Júlio César Dias 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSome 2‐phenylthio‐para–substituted cyclohexanones with different oxidation states of sulfur atom were studied by systematic conformational search around C–S bonds using the parametric method 3 (PM3) Hamiltonian. The axial and equatorial regular chair conformations were subjected to calculations and each one produced three rotamers: +gauche (+G), −gauche (−G), and anti (A). The axial conformations were more populated than the equatorial ones. The para‐substituent and sulfur group effects over conformational populations and carbonyl polarizations suggest that the main electronic interaction between sulfur atom and carbonyl group are of repulsive nature in both axial (such as S+C+O) and equatorial (such as S−CO−) conformations. The axial +G conformation is the more stable for all compounds, except for (R2,SS)‐sulfinyl isomer, because it allows an attractive electrostatic interaction between C–O and S–ϕ bond dipoles (such as S+CO−). The axial A conformation is the more stable for (R2,SS)‐sulfinyl compounds, because the sulfinyl oxygen is at −G position near the carbonyl group and an attractive electrostatic interaction (such as OC+O) can take place. The higher carbonyl polarization and negative charge of carbon C–2 plus hydrogen H–2 of cyclohexanone ring for sulfonyl compared with sulfanyl and sulfinyl compounds, can be explained by a through‐space interaction instead through‐bond inductive effects. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 95: 313–321, 2003
Time to stop trying to provide an account of Time
Authors: Read Rupert 
Published: September 2003

Dummett argues that there are difficulties with existing accounts of time, and urges us to consider the merits of his alternative ‘constructionist’ account. He derides my opting out of the debate between him and his Realist opponents as “quietist”. But the epithet “quietist” only works if there actually is some genuine topic on which I am staying quiet (or silencing others). Whereas I simply urge that, while Dummett has correctly identified difficulties with Realist accounts of time, he does not have any valid reason for opposing those accounts—and such valid reason can only come from a radically different approach which questions whether those accounts or any alternatives to them can satisfy those who wish to put them forward. I argue that at best such accounts present fragments of ‘the grammar’ of time, in a rather misleading form.
PCEA compared to continuous epidural infusion in an ultra‐low‐dose regimen for labor pain relief: a randomized study
Authors: Ledin Eriksson S. , Gentele C. , Olofsson C. H. 
Published: September 2003

Background:  Patient‐controlled epidural analgesia, PCEA, has been introduced in obstetric analgesia during the past decade. Many studies have shown that the consumption of analgesic is reduced when the parturient requests her own doses. This study investigates whether this is also true when using an ultra‐low‐dose regimen.Methods:  Eighty parturients were prospectively randomized to have either continuous epidural infusion (CEI) with ropivacaine 1 mg ml−1 and sufentanil 0.5 µg ml−1, 6 ml h−1, or patient‐controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with 4 ml demand doses with 20 min' lockout. The epidural start dose was the same for the two groups, 8 ml of the study solution. Rescue bolus doses were given when needed and the continuous infusion could be increased, which gave the two groups the same maximum possible dose. The consumption of local ropivacaine in combination with sufentanil during labor was registered. Hourly assessments made throughout labor included pain intensity documented with visual analog score, VAS, the patient's opinion on epidural efficacy, motor block, pruritus and need for nitrous oxide.Results:  The PCEA group consumed 33% less of the study solution than the CEI group. Mean total consumption was 35 ml (SD 18.0) and 52 ml (SD 19.6), respectively. Mean hourly consumption was 5.2 ml h−1 (SD 2.54) in the PCEA group and 6.9 ml h−1 (SD 1.31) in the CEI group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in pain relief, epidural efficacy, side‐effects or obstetric outcome.Conclusion:  PCEA reduces doses compared to continuous infusion even when ultra‐low‐dose local anesthetic with opioid is used. The PCEA technique provides individual titration of doses to an acceptable degree of pain relief.
Acupuncture facilitates neuromuscular and oculomotor responses to skin incision with no influence on auditory evoked potentials under sevoflurane anaesthesia
Authors: Kvorning N. , Christiansson C. , Åkeson J. 
Published: September 2003

Background:  More sevoflurane was recently found to be required to prevent movement in response to surgical incision in anaesthetized patients subjected to electro‐acupuncture (EA) than to sham procedures. The present study was designed to compare differences in movement, dilatation of the pupils, divergence of the eye axes and activity of auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) between patients given and those not given EA under standardized sevoflurane anaesthesia.Methods:  Neuromuscular, oculomotor and AEP responses to skin incision were assessed with and without a bilateral 2‐Hz burst EA in patients under steady‐state anaesthesia maintained with 1.8% of sevoflurane. Forty‐five healthy patients, scheduled for laparoscopic sterilization, were randomized for EA (n = 22) or sham (n = 23) procedures between induction of anaesthesia and start of surgery. Middle latency AEP activity was recorded and interpreted by the A‐line ARX (autoregression with exogenous input) index (AAI).Results:  More acupuncture than sham patients were found to respond to skin incision with movement of the neck or limbs (77% vs. 43%; P = 0.021), dilatation of the pupils (77% vs. 39%; P = 0.001) and divergence of the eye axes (72% vs. 39%; P = 0.023), whereas there was no difference in AAI response.Conclusion:  Electro‐acupuncture facilitates physiological responses to nociceptive stimulation under sevoflurane anaesthesia. Differences in neuromuscular and oculomotor responses between acupuncture and sham patients under general anaesthesia are probably not associated with interaction between EA and the depth of anaesthesia, as AEP activity was similar in the two groups.
Dorsal flexion of head and neck for rigid oesophagoscopy – a caution for hidden foreign bodies dropped into the epipharynx
Authors: Gitzelmann C. A. , Gysin C. , Weiss M. 
Published: September 2003

A 32‐month‐old girl presented with a swallowed coin in the mid‐oesophagus verified by chest radiography. Rigid oesophagoscopy was performed under general anaesthesia with muscle paralysis and tracheal intubation with dorsal flexion of the head and neck. The coin could be grasped using ‘optical forceps’. When the oesophagoscope‐forceps assembly was removed, the coin had disappeared. Repeated explorations of the oesophagus including direct laryngoscopy were unsuccessful. A further direct laryngoscopy, while placing the head in the neutral position, revealed the coin just dislodging from the epipharyngeal space in the hypopharynx, from where it was removed with a Magill forceps (Arnold Bott, Glattbrugg, Switzerland).Dorsal flexion of the head and neck during foreign body removal may allow entry of the foreign body or easily fragmented foreign bodies into the epipharyngeal cavity. Exploration is recommend using naso‐pharyngeal suction and direct laryngoscopy with the head in the neutral position before tracheal extubation in order to avoid acute airway obstruction.
Agreement between mothers and children aged 11–14 years in rating child oral health‐related quality of life
Authors: Jokovic Aleksandra , Locker David , Stephens Marlene , Guyatt Gordon 
Published: September 2003

Abstract  – Objectives: To assess the agreement between mothers and children concerning the child's oral health‐related quality of life.Methods: A total of 42 pairs of mothers and children aged 11–14 years with oral and orofacial conditions completed the parental (PPQ) and child (CPQ11–14) components of the Child Oral Health Quality of Life Questionnaire. The PPQ and CPQ11–14 are analogous questionnaires with 31 common items. Agreement between overall and subscale scores derived from the questionnaires were assessed in comparison and in correlation analyses. The former used mean directional differences between mothers and children to assess bias and mean absolute differences to assess agreement at the group level. The latter used intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) to assess agreement at the level of individual mother–child pairs.Results: At the group level, agreement between mothers and children was good. There was little evidence of bias in mothers' reports compared to those of their children. The mean absolute difference in overall scores constituted 9% of the possible range of scores. However, the significance of this difference is difficult to interpret. The ICC for overall scores was 0.70 indicating substantial agreement between mother and child pairs. However, the ICCs for the emotional and social well‐being subscales indicated moderate agreement only. There was a suggestion that the level of agreement varied according to the characteristics of the child.Conclusion: Although mothers may be used as proxies for their children in some circumstances and for some purposes, the views of both should be obtained in order to fully represent child oral health‐related quality of life.
Relationship of dental status, sociodemographic status, and oral symptoms to perceived need for dental care
Authors: Heft Marc W. , Gilbert Gregg H. , Shelton Brent J. , Duncan R. Paul 
Published: September 2003

Abstract  – Objective:  Previous studies have noted a discrepancy between clinically determined oral health status (normative need), patients' perceptions, and perceived significance of dental signs and symptoms. Our objective was to quantify the relationships between normative need and self‐reports to improve our understanding of the factors that contribute to perceived need for care.Methods:  Clinical examination and questionnaire data were derived from the Florida Dental Care Study, a study of oral health and dental care, in a representative sample of community‐dwelling adults aged ≥45 years. The questionnaire provided information about presence of signs and symptoms, self‐ratings of oral health, perceived need for dental care, and sociodemographic status (SDS). Perceived need was measured on a 4‐point nominal scale.Results:  Self‐reported broken filling, broken denture, cavities, loose tooth, teeth that look bad, and toothache were strongly associated with self‐reported perceived need for dental care. Satisfaction with dental health was also associated with perceived need, but self‐rated oral health was not. Most measures of SDS were associated with perceived need. However, in a single multiple regression, with self‐reported signs and symptoms accounted for, race, age group, sex, and educational attainment were not significantly associated with a currently perceived dental problem.Conclusions:  Certain dental signs and symptoms were significantly associated with perceived need for dental care, as were certain aspects of SDS; even once differences in dental signs and symptoms had been taken into account. Disaggregating measurement of perceived need from a single dichotomous (‘yes/no’) scale to a 4‐point nominal scale was elucidative.
Caries incidence rates in Swedish adolescents and young adults with particular reference to adjacent approximal tooth surfaces: a methodological study
Authors: Stenlund Hans , Mejàre Ingegerd , Källestål Carina 
Published: September 2003

Abstract  – Objectives:  The objective was to assess the dependence of the caries status of the adjacent approximal surface on the incidence of approximal caries.Methods:  At baseline, the material consisted of a cohort of 536 Swedish children. The individuals were followed through annual bitewing radiographs from the age of 11–13 to 21–22 years. A radiographic scoring system was used to assess the caries status of the surfaces: scores 0 and 1 = sound surface to score 4 = caries in the outer half of the dentine. A model was used to calculate the dependence of the caries status of adjacent approximal tooth surfaces. The unit of analysis was a pair of adjacent approximal surfaces and in all, 12 pairs of posterior approximal surfaces were analysed.Results:  The individual caries rates of the 24 posterior approximal surfaces ranged from 1.3 to 8.3 new caries lesions per 100 tooth surface‐years. The caries rate of an approximal tooth surface depended on the caries status of the adjacent surface: a sound surface next to a sound surface had a relatively small risk of developing caries, while the risk increased 1.6–32.3 times if the adjacent surface was in a caries state as judged radiographically. The distal surface of the first molar developed caries more often than the mesial surface of the second molar.Conclusions:  The caries rate of an approximal tooth surface was 1.6–32.3 times higher if the adjacent surface was in a caries state compared to when the latter was sound.