bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric functions for the olfactory and trigeminal detectability of butyl acetate and toluene
Authors: Cometto‐Muñiz J. Enrique , Cain William S. , Abraham Michael H. , Gola Joelle M. R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe measured psychometric (i.e. concentration–response) functions for the detection of odor, nasal pungency and eye irritation from butyl acetate and toluene. Olfactory detection was measured in subjects with normal olfaction (i.e. normosmics) for whom nasal trigeminal detection does not interfere because it requires much higher concentrations. Nasal trigeminal detection, called nasal pungency, was measured only in subjects lacking olfaction (i.e. anosmics) in order to avoid odor interference. Ocular trigeminal detection, called eye irritation, was measured in both groups. The method employed entailed a two‐alternative, forced‐choice procedure with presentation of increasing concentrations. The outcome showed, for both chemicals, similar ocular trigeminal chemosensitivity in normosmics and anosmics and similar overall ocular and nasal trigeminal chemosensitivity. Olfactory sensitivity was much higher than both forms of trigeminal sensitivity by concentration differences of six and four orders of magnitude for butyl acetate and toluene, respectively. Detectability plots (i.e. detection performance vs log concentration) for the three sensory endpoints followed an S‐shaped function with a middle range section that showed a robust linear fit (r > 0.94) on graphs of z‐score vs log concentration. These detectability functions allow the calculation of olfactory and trigeminal thresholds at various levels of performance. At a point half‐way between random and perfect detection, trigeminal and olfactory threshold concentrations were, respectively, 0.67 (±0.32) and 2.28 (±1.77) log units lower than those measured by us in the past for the same chemicals using an analogous procedure but under just one, fixed, level of performance. The available data suggest that, although considerably laborious, detectability functions provide chemosensory thresholds of closer relevance to environmentally realistic conditions (e.g. whole‐body exposures). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uptake of poly(D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microspheres by antigen‐presenting cells in vivo
Authors: Newman Kimberley D. , Elamanchili Praveen , Kwon Glen S. , Samuel John 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDendritic cells are the most potent antigen‐presenting cells (APC) and the most effective stimulators of primary T cell responses. Based on the strong influence of the APC on the immune response, we investigated cellular uptake of a biodegradable antigen delivery system, poly(D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres, at two sites of injection: intraperitoneal and intradermal. We hypothesized that a fluorescent probe, tetramethylrhodamine labeled dextran, loaded in PLGA microspheres would be taken up by APCs and thereby provide a means for studying cellular uptake of PLGA microspheres in vivo. Phagocytic load and cell phenotype were determined using flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results revealed cellular uptake of tetramethylrhodamine dextran loaded PLGA microspheres at both injection sites. After intraperitoneal immunization, the predominant cell phagocytosing PLGA microspheres in the peritoneal cavity was the macrophage whereas the intradermal immunization resulted in uptake of PLGA microspheres by dendritic cells. Hence, these results suggest that the profile for cellular uptake varies with the site of injection. More importantly, this study provides direct and conclusive evidence of uptake of PLGA microspheres by the most potent APC, the dendritic cell. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 480–486, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jbm.10019
Surface characteristics and structure of anodic oxide films containing Ca and P on a titanium implant material
Authors: Zhu Xiaolong , Ong Joo L. , Kim Sukyoung , Kim Kyohan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn anodic oxide film that formed on titanium with a mixture of β‐glycerophosphate sodium (β‐GP) and calcium acetate was investigated. The anodic oxide had interconnected pores (ca. 1–2 μm in diameter) and intermediate roughness (0.60–1.50 μm). In addition, it contained a mixture of amorphous, anatase, and rutile oxides. With an increase in the anodizing voltage and/or concentration of calcium incorporated into the oxide, the degree of oxide crystallinity increased. However, with an increase in the concentration of β‐GP, the degree of oxide crystallinity decreased. It was concluded that the surface roughness, oxide crystallinity, and surface composition of the anodic oxide were dependent on the voltage, current density, and concentration of the electrolyte. It was also concluded that the anodized surface could be optimized for maximum osseointegration. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 333–338, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jbm.10105
Functional and morphological evaluation of a low‐weight, monofilament polypropylene mesh for hernia repair
Authors: Klinge U. , Junge K. , Stumpf M. , A. P. Öttinger  , Klosterhalfen B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWith more than 1 million implantations per year worldwide, mesh repair has become a standard procedure for the treatment of hernias. Apart from various technical problems, the type of material has been proven to be of considerable importance for the functional and histological outcome, particularly for long‐term implantation. Whereas the advantageous application of low‐weight, large‐pore meshes based on multifilaments can be stated without doubt, it is still open whether similar results can be achieved on the basis of pure monofilaments.In the present study, a low‐weight polypropylene mesh (LW) made purely of monofilaments was compared to a common heavy‐weight polypropylene mesh (HW) in regard to the functional consequences and the tissue response. After implantation in rats as an inlay for 3–90 days, the abdominal‐wall mobility of the implant region was recorded by 3D stereography, and the tensile strength of both the suture zone and the mesh was measured. The morphometry of the histological reaction in regard to the inflammatory infiltrate, the connective tissue, the number of granulocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts served to reflect the tissue response. As parameters for the remodeling process at the interface the cellular activation was evaluated by TUNEL (DNA‐strand breaks or apoptosis, respectively), Ki 67 (cell proliferation), and HSP 70 (cell stress). The measured tensile strength of the LW mesh confirmed a sufficient strength of the material‐reduced mesh modification. After implantation the consecutive impairment of the abdominal‐wall mobility was reduced compared to the HW mesh, concomitant to the reduced fibrotic level at the interface. At the end of the observation period the foreign‐body reaction was significantly lowered for the LW mesh, almost reaching physiological values. In conclusion, these data confirm the improved biocompatibility of material‐reduced mesh implants. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63: 129–136, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jbm.10119
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐4 (TIMP‐4) gene expression is increased in human osteoarthritic femoral head cartilage
Authors: Huang Wensheng , Li Wen Qing , Dehnade Faramaze , Zafarullah Muhammad 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐4 (TIMP‐4), the newest member of the TIMP family, blocks the activities of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) implicated in the arthritic cartilage erosion. By utilizing semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry, we investigated whether the TIMP‐4 gene is expressed in human non‐arthritic and osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage. Directly analyzed femoral head cartilage showed TIMP‐4 RNA expression in 2 of 9 non‐arthritic and 12 of 14 OA patients. Femoral head cartilage from 6 of 9 OA patients had elevated TIMP‐4 protein compared to the low‐level expression in 3 of 8 non‐arthritic controls. In most patients, there was correlation between TIMP‐4 RNA and protein expression. TIMP‐4 protein was also detected immunohistochemically in the upper zone of OA cartilage. The widespread TIMP‐4 RNA and protein expression and augmentation in femoral OA cartilage suggests its important role in joint tissue remodeling and pathogenesis of OA. Increased TIMP levels in arthritic cartilage may not be a sufficiently effective defense against cartilage resorption by excessive multiple MMPs and aggrecanases. J. Cell. Biochem. 85: 295–303, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human cell DNA replication is mediated by a discrete multiprotein complex
Authors: Jiang Hai Yan , Hickey Robert J. , Abdel‐Aziz Waleed , Tom Timothy D. , Wills Philip W. , Liu Jianying , Malkas Linda H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA discrete high molecular weight multiprotein complex containing DNA polymerase α has been identified by a native Western blotting technique. An enrichment of this complex was seen at each step in its purification. Further purification of this complex by ion‐exchange chromatography indicates that the peak of DNA polymerase α activity co‐purifies with the peak of in vitro SV40 DNA replication activity eluting from the column. The complex has a sedimentation coefficient of 18S in sucrose density gradients. We have designated this complex as the DNA synthesome. We further purified the DNA synthesome by electroeluting this complex from a native polyacrylamide gel. The eluted complex retains in vitro DNA synthetic activity, and by Western blot analysis, contains DNA polymerase δ, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and replication protein A. Enzymatic analysis of the electroeluted DNA synthesome indicates that the synthesome contains topoisomerase I and II activities, and SDS–PAGE analysis of the electroeluted DNA synthesome revealed the presence of at least 25 major polypeptides with molecular weights ranging from 20 to 240 kDa. Taken together, our evidence suggests that the DNA synthesome may represent the minimal DNA replication unit of the human cell. J. Cell. Biochem. 85: 762–774, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quasi‐degenerate perturbation theory with general multiconfiguration self‐consistent field reference functions
Authors: Nakano Haruyuki , Uchiyama Ryuma , Hirao Kimihiko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe quasi‐degenerate perturbation theory (QDPT) with complete active space (CAS) self‐consistent field (SCF) reference functions is extended to the general multiconfiguration (MC) SCF references functions case. A computational scheme that utilizes both diagrammatic and sum‐over‐states approaches is presented. The second‐order effective Hamiltonian is computed for the external intermediate configurations (including virtual or/and core orbitals) by the diagrammatic approach and for internal intermediate configurations (including only active orbitals) by the configuration interaction matrix‐based sum‐over‐states approach. The method is tested on the calculations of excitation energies of H2O, potential energy curves of LiF, and valence excitation energies of H2CO. The results show that the present method yields very close results to the corresponding CAS‐SCF reference QDPT results and the available experimental values. The deviations from CAS‐SCF reference QDPT values are less than 0.1 eV on the average for the excitation energies of H2O and less than 1 kcal/mol for the potential energy curves of LiF. In the calculation of the valence excited energies of H2CO, the maximum deviation from available experimental values is 0.28 eV. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 1166–1175, 2002
Improved RGF method to find saddle points
Authors: Hirsch Michael , Quapp Wolfgang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe predictor‐corrector method for following a reduced gradient (RGF) to determine saddle points [Quapp, W. et al., J Comput Chem 1998, 19, 1087] is further accelerated by a modification allowing an implied corrector step per predictor but almost without additional costs. The stability and robustness of the RGF method are improved, and the new version in addition reduces the number of gradient and Hessian calculations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 9: 887–894, 2002
Long‐term benefit of genotypic‐guided therapy and prevalence of multinucleoside resistance in an Italian group of antiretroviral multiexperienced patients
Authors: Quiros‐Roldan E. , Moretti F. , Airoldi M. , Fausti C. , Chiodera A. , Castelli F. , Carosi G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMultiple nucleoside resistance involves specific genetic changes in the HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase gene, such as Q151M mutation and an insertion of two serine aminoacids at RT codon 69. Among 432 patients failing antiretroviral therapy, five (1.15%) harboured viruses with Q151M mutation into the RT gene and no viruses were identified harbouring insertion at codon 69. Also we have studied the long‐term benefit of HIV genotypic testing with the failure to reach a viral load below 50 copies/ml within 1 year of antiretroviral therapy using as the primary end‐point. A group of 64 HIV‐positive antiretroviral multiexperienced patients were examined, all of them failing the current ART. HIV‐RNA changed –0.8 log at month 4 and +0.1 log and –0.5 log at months 8 and 12, respectively. The proportion of patients with viral load below 50 copies/ml was 19.3, 32.8, and 28.1% at months 4, 8, and 12, respectively. In multidrug‐experienced patients, genotype‐guided therapy is not in fact able to achieve complete viral suppression in more than 30% of patients after 1 year of ART. The development of more precise resistance tests and interpretations are needed for better control of HIV replication. Other metabolic/pharmacokinetics factors of poor drug adherence should also be assessed. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:127–130, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Underlying cognitions in the selection of lottery tickets
Authors: Hardoon Karen K. , Baboushkin Hayley R. , Derevensky Jeffrey L. , Gupta Rina 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThere is evidence that the faulty cognitions underlying an individual's playing behavior maintains and supports their gambling behavior. Sixty undergraduate students completed the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), a measure to assess pathological gambling, and a questionnaire ascertaining the type and frequency of their gambling activities. Sixteen Loto 6/49 tickets were presented to participants and ranked according to their perceived likelihood of being the winning ticket. The numbers on the tickets were categorized as: long sequences (e.g., 1–2–3–4–5–6), patterns and series in a pseudo‐psychological order (e.g., 16–21–26–31–36–41), unbalanced (e.g., six numbers from 1–24 or 25–49), and those appearing to be random (e.g., 11–14–20–29–37–43). Verbal protocols of ticket selections were ranked into eight heuristics. Results revealed that for the entire sample the greatest percentage of tickets chosen for the first four selections were “random” tickets. Further, the most commonly cited reason for selecting and changing a lottery ticket was perceived randomness. The results are discussed with reference to the cognitions used when purchasing lottery tickets. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 749–763, 2001.
An evaluation of a six‐week intervention designed to facilitate coping with psychological stress
Authors: Lapidus Leah Blumberg , Shin Sun‐Kyung , Hutton E. Miles 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCommunity dwelling Korean adults (N = 40) coping with the stress of severe mental illness were randomly assigned to a six‐week differentiation furthering intervention (experimental) or a directed problem‐solving treatment program (control) and administered pre‐ and posttreatment measures including the Morey Personality Assessment Screener (PAS) and Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT). As predicted, the experimental group showed greater improvement on 6 out of 10 mental health subscales (PAS) and on the GEFT than the controls. For the entire sample, differentiation gainers showed more improvement on three PAS subscales compared with the no change or loss in differentiation groups. A three‐month follow‐up showed greater attendance at mental health appointments for the experimental group over controls and for total sample differentiation gainers over nongainers. Implications are discussed of this empirically tested model of a community intervention to facilitate coping with stress and enhancing competence. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 1381–1401, 2001
Controls of EGF‐induced morphological transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Beckmann Joe D. , Stewart Annette , Kai Mark , Keeton Timothy P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHuman bronchial epithelial cells, both normal primary (NHBE) and the BEAS‐2B line, respond to epidermal growth factor (EGF) by extruding lengthy filaments, or filapodia. The morphological transformation of BEAS‐2B cells maximized at 48 h using 1–10 nM EGF. EGF‐induced filapodia extension was inhibited by co‐exposure to transforming growth factor beta, which did not affect tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor (EGFR). Inhibition was also effected by phorbol myristoyl acetate (PMA), which reduced the rate of EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation. Dibutyryl‐cAMP had no effect, whereas the protein kinase inhibitor H‐89 stimulated the EGF response. The ability to regulate cellular responses to EGF by hormonal and chemical approaches has implications for current investigations into the roles of EGF in lung growth, differentiation, and wound repair. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix and growth control
Authors: Kresse Hans , Schönherr Elke 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRegulated cell growth results from the biological balance between soluble growth‐regulating factors, their receptors and the elicited signal cascade on the one hand side and from extracellular macromolecular components and their interplay with membrane receptors on the other side. Proteoglycans have recently been recognized not only to play a part in providing shape and biomechanical strength of organs and tissues, but also to exhibit direct and indirect cell signalling properties. In this review, we discuss the direct growth‐regulating role of proteoglycans with special emphasis on the lectican family and on the family of small proteoglycans with leucine‐rich repeats (SLRPs). Indirect actions of proteoglycans by modulation of growth factor activities and growth factor distribution are exemplified by discussing the TGF‐β‐binding properties of SLRPs and the interactions of core proteins of matrix proteoglycans with other growth factors. It is emphasized that the modulatory role of proteoglycans on cell proliferation cannot be separated from their participation in tissue organization in general, thereby explaining the diverse and sometimes contradictory reports on the effects of proteoglycans on cell proliferation and differentiation. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Merosin‐integrin promotion of skeletal myofiber cell survival: Differentiation state‐distinct involvement of p60Fyn tyrosine kinase and p38α stress‐activated MAP kinase
Authors: Laprise Patrick , Poirier Ève‐Marie , Vézina Anne , Rivard Nathalie , Vachon Pierre H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMyofiber survival and suppression of anoikis depend in large part on the merosin (laminin‐2/‐4)‐integrin α7β1D cell adhesion system; however, the question remains as to the nature of the signaling molecules/pathways involved. In the present study, we investigated this question using the C2C12 cell model of myogenic differentiation and its merosin‐ and laminin‐deficient derivatives. Herein, we report that: 1) of four members of the Src family of tyrosine kinases studied (p60Src, p53/56Lyn, p59Yes, or p60Fyn), the expression and activity of p60Fyn are found in myotubes exclusively; 2) a severe decrease of p60Fyn activity correlates with myotube apoptosis/anoikis induced by pharmocological compounds (herbimycin A or PP2) which inhibit tyrosine kinases of the Src family, by merosin deficiency and by β1 integrin inhibition; 3) myoblast survival depends on Fak and the MEK/Erk pathway, in contrast to myotubes; 4) the PI3‐K pathway is not involved in either myoblast or myotube survival; and 5) p38α SAPK stimulation and activity (but not that of p38β) are required in the progression of myotube apoptosis/anoikis induced by p60Fyn inhibition, merosin deficiency or β1 integrin‐inhibition; however, p38 is not involved in myoblast apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that the promotion of myotube survival by the merosin‐α7β1D adhesion system involves p60Fyn, and that disruptions in this cell adhesion system induce myotube apoptosis/anoikis through a p38α SAPK‐dependent pathway. J. Cell. Physiol. 191: 69–81, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fetal and adult human skin fibroblasts display intrinsic differences in contractile capacity
Authors: Moulin Véronique , Tam Betty Y.Y. , Castilloux Gilbert , Auger François A. , O'Connor‐McCourt Maureen D. , Philip Anie , Germain Lucie 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOne of the differences between fetal and adult skin healing is the unique ability of fetal wounds to heal without contracture and scar formation. Studies have shown that the ratio between the three isoforms of TGFβ is different in adult and fetal wounds. Thus, we analyzed the capacity of adult and fetal human skin fibroblasts to contract collagen gels after stimulation with TGFβ isoforms. In control medium, fetal fibroblasts had a contractile capacity similar to that of adult fibroblasts. However, the growth capacity of fetal fibroblasts was completely inhibited, in contrast to adult fibroblasts. When cells were treated with TGFβ, fetal fibroblasts showed an inhibition of their contractile capacity whereas adult fibroblasts further contracted gels. The contractile response was similar for all isoforms of TGFβ although TGFβ3 always had the strongest effect. We considered that the regulation of cell contractile capacity by TGFβ may be dependent on receptor expression for this cytokine, on myofibroblast differentiation of the cells, or in cell links with matrix. Since TGFβ receptor analysis did not show differences in receptor affinity, we studied the expression of α‐smooth muscle (SM) actin, a fibroblast contractile marker and of three integrins, the cell surface receptors specific of the attachment of the fibroblasts with collagen matrix. We observed that the expression of α‐SM actin and α3 and β1 integrin subunits was increased when TGFβ was added to the medium of adult fibroblasts whereas the levels of the α1 and α2 subunits were unchanged. In contrast, fetal fibroblasts treated with TGFβ showed a decrease of α1, α2, and β1 integrin expression but no change in α3 integrin and in α‐SM actin expression. These results indicate that intrinsic differences between fetal and adult fibroblasts might explain their opposite responses to TGFβ stimuli. The variations in their α‐SM actin and integrin expression patterns represent potentially important mechanisms used by fetal fibroblasts to regulate their response to cytokines, and likely contribute to the resultant differences in the quality of wound repair. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetics of the L‐aminoacylase‐catalyzed resolution of N‐acetyl‐DL‐butyrine
Authors: Bódalo Antonio , Gómez José L , Gómez Elisa , Máximo M Fuensanta , Montiel M Claudia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe kinetics of the asymmetric hydrolysis of N‐acetyl‐DL‐butyrine catalyzed by L‐aminoacylase to obtain optically pure L‐butyrine is described. Some of the constants are determined from the initial reaction rates and others from long‐term experiments in batch reactors by the numerical integration of the reactor design equation and minimization of the kinetic parameters. The methodology described can be applied to the kinetic study of other complex biocatalytic systems. Studies on enzyme activation by adding different divalent metal ions and enzymatic deactivation are also included.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry