bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic variations in eco‐evolutionary factors governing urban birds: The case of university campuses in China
Authors: Zhong Yongjing , Luo Yuelong , Zhu Younan , Deng Jiewen , Tu Jiahao , Yu Jiehua , He Jiekun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Urbanization alters natural habitats, restructures biotic communities and serves as a filter for selecting species from regional species pools. However, empirical evidence of the specific traits that allow species to persist in urban areas yields mixed results. More importantly, it remains unclear which traits are widespread for species utilizing urban spaces (urban utilizers) and which are environment‐dependent traits.

Using 745 bird species from 287 university/institute campuses in 74 cities and their species pools across China, we tested whether species that occur in urban areas are correlated with regards to their biological (body mass, beak shape, flight capacity and clutch size), ecological (diet diversity, niche width and habitat breadth), behavioural (foraging innovation) and evolutionary (diversification rate) attributes.

We used Bayesian phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models to disentangle the relative roles of these predictors further, and to determine the extent to which the effects of these predictors varied among different cities.

We found that urban birds were more phylogenetically clustered than expected by chance, and were generally characterized by a larger habitat breadth, faster diversification rate, more behavioural innovation and smaller body size. Notably, the relative effects of the attributes in explaining urban bird communities varied with city temperature and elevation, indicating that the filters used to determine urban species were environment dependent.

We conclude that, while urban birds are typically small‐sized, generalists, innovative and rapidly diversifying, the key traits that allow them to thrive vary spatially, depending on the climatic and topographic conditions of the city. These findings emphasize the importance of studying species communities within specific cities to better understand the contextual dependencies of key traits that are filtered by urban environments.
Fewer pests and more ecosystem service‐providing arthropods in shady African cocoa farms: Insights from a data integration study
Authors: Jarrett Crinan , Cyril Kowo , Haydon Daniel T. , Wandji Christel Alain , Ferreira Diogo F. , Welch Andreanna J. , Powell Luke L. , Matthiopoulos Jason 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Agricultural intensification is leading to conversion of cocoa agroforestry towards monocultures across the tropics. In the context of cocoa agriculture, arthropods provide a range of ecosystem services and dis‐services. Arthropod pests (e.g., mirids and mealybugs) can cause major damage to crops, whilst pollinators and natural enemies (e.g., predatory insects and parasitoids) have the potential to enhance agricultural yields. Understanding how intensification of cocoa farming affects different arthropod groups is therefore important in maximising the abundance of beneficial arthropod taxa and reducing pest burdens. However, little is known about the influences of agricultural intensification on tropical arthropod communities, especially in Africa, where ~70% of the world's cocoa is produced.

Most research on arthropod communities considers data from different sampling methods separately, as proxies of abundance; whilst these proxies can be informative, estimating true abundance enables direct comparison between arthropod taxa, and therefore the study of community dynamics. Here, we develop a Bayesian hierarchical model that integrates data from three common arthropod survey techniques to estimate population size of arthropod orders and to investigate how arthropod community composition responds to farm shade cover (an indicator of management intensity).

Our results show that eight of 11 arthropod taxa responded to farm shade cover; importantly, brown capsids (the primary pest of cocoa in Africa), Coleoptera pests and Hemiptera pests decreased with increasing farm shade cover, whilst Araneae (natural enemies) and Diptera (potential pollinators) were more abundant in shady farms.

Synthesis and applications. To achieve lower pest burdens and higher abundances of potential pollinators and natural enemies, African cocoa farms should maintain a dense canopy of shade trees. The current shift towards high‐intensity cocoa farming in Africa could result in long‐term losses due to pest infestations and loss of arthropod‐mediated ecosystem services.
Mortality in adolescents and young adults following a first presentation to the emergency department for alcohol
Authors: Harrison Lyndsay D. , Dumicho Asnake Y. , Eddeen Anan Bader , Tanuseputro Peter , Kendall Claire E. , Fiedorowicz Jess G. , Rosic Tea , Fernando Shannon M. , McNaughton Candace D. , Corace Kim , Kurdyak Paul , Beckerleg Weiwei , Webber Colleen , Gardner William , Sood Manish , Myran Daniel Thomas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and MethodsWe conducted a population‐based, retrospective cohort study of first‐time emergency department (ED) visits in adolescents and young adults (AYA) due to alcohol and compared mortality to AYA with nonalcohol ED visits between 2009 and 2015 using standardized all‐cause mortality ratios (age, sex, income, and rurality). We described the cause of death for AYA and examined the association between clinical factors and mortality rates in the alcohol cohort using proportional hazard models.ResultsA total of 71,776 AYA had a first‐time ED visit due to alcohol (56.1% male, mean age 20.7 years) between 2009 and 2015, representing 3.3% of the 2,166,838 AYA with an ED visit in this time period. At 1 year, there were 2396 deaths, 248 (10.3%) following an ED visit related to alcohol. First‐time alcohol ED visits were associated with a threefold higher risk in mortality at 1 year (0.35% vs. 0.10%, adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 3.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.69–3.51). Mortality was associated with age 25–29 years (aHR 3.88, 95% CI 2.56–5.86), being male (aHR 1.98, 95% CI 1.49–2.62), having a history of mental health or substance use (aHR 3.22, 95% CI 1.64–6.32), cause of visit being withdrawal/dependence (aHR 2.81, 95% CI 1.96–4.02), and having recurrent ED visits (aHR 1.97, 95% CI 1.27–3.05). Trauma (42.7%), followed by poisonings from drugs other than opioids (38.3%), and alcohol (28.6%) were the most common contributing causes of death.ConclusionIncident ED visits due to alcohol in AYA are associated with a high risk of 1‐year mortality, especially in young adults, those with concurrent mental health or substance use disorders, and those with a more severe initial presentation. These findings may help inform the need and urgency for follow‐up care in this population.
High test–retest reliability of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test‐Consumption (AUDIT‐C) questionnaire completed by primary care patients in routine care
Authors: Simon Claire B. , McCabe Connor J. , Matson Theresa E. , Oliver Malia , Bradley Katharine A. , Hallgren Kevin A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test‐Consumption (AUDIT‐C) is a three‐item screening measure of unhealthy alcohol use that is widely used in healthcare settings. Evidence shows high test–retest reliability of the AUDIT‐C in research samples, but most studies had limited external validity and used small samples that could not be used to evaluate reliability across demographic subgroups and/or screening modalities. This study evaluates the test–retest reliability of the AUDIT‐C completed in routine care in a large primary care sample, including across demographic subgroups defined by age, sex, race, ethnicity, and screening modality (i.e., completed in‐clinic or online).MethodsWe used electronic health record (EHR) data from Kaiser Permanente Washington. The sample included 18,491 adult primary care patients who completed two AUDIT‐C screens 1–21 days apart as part of routine care in 2021. Test–retest reliability was evaluated for AUDIT‐C total scores (0–12) and for a binary measure indicating unhealthy alcohol use (scores ≥3 women, ≥4 men). Using previously established cutoffs, we interpreted reliability coefficients >0.75 as indicating “excellent” reliability.ResultsAUDIT‐C screens completed in routine care and documented in EHRs had excellent test–retest reliability for total scores (ICC = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.87–0.87) and the binary indicator of unhealthy alcohol use (κ = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.78–0.80). Reliability coefficients were good to excellent across all demographic groups and for in‐clinic and online modalities. Higher reliability was seen when both screens were completed through online patient portals (ICC = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.93–0.93) versus in‐clinic (ICC = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.79–0.82) or when one screen was completed using each modality (ICC = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.82–0.83). Lower reliability was seen in American Indian/Alaska Native (ICC = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.75–0.87) and multiracial individuals (ICC = 0.82, 95% 0.80–0.84).ConclusionsIn real‐world routine care conditions, AUDIT‐C screens have excellent test–retest reliability across demographic subgroups and modalities (online and in‐clinic). Future research should examine why reliability varies slightly across modalities and demographic subgroups.
Insidious Harassment: Criminalisation, Solidarity, and Migration in France and Morocco
Authors: Hagan Maria , Bachelet Sébastien 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAmidst well‐documented hostile migration policies, this article explores how logics of criminalisation seep into the lives of activists and citizens, providing assistance, relief, advocacy, and other forms of support to migrant people. As presences considered legal and legitimate, solidarity actors inhabit distinct subjectivities from those of people migrating informally, yet state authorities interpret their acts as problematic and subject them to intrusive modes of policing. Drawing on critical border studies and feminist geography, this article homes in on less spectacular modes of criminalisation that target them in the intimacy of their everyday lives, threatening their sense of security through opaque surveillance, attacks on their emotions, employment prospects and family life. Drawing on ethnographic research carried out among these groups in Morocco and northern France, we conceptualise this mode of criminalisation as insidious harassment, examining the entanglement of geopolitics, emotions, and the intimate at these migration pressure points. Without decentring migrants as the primary targets of violent bordering, it broadens our understanding of these regimes by drawing attention to the ways in which they viscerally target those who work to protect the rights of migrant people.
Utilizing plasma drug levels and genetic testing to achieve optimal treatment response in a patient with treatment‐resistant schizoaffective disorder
Authors: Xu Jin‐jie , Xiao Chunfeng , Pan Yanli , Tang Yi‐lang , Wang Mingwan , Li Sheng , Xie Gaoming , Du Jing , Ren Yanping , Wang Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe report the case of a Chinese male with schizoaffective disorder, an active smoker and a nonresponder to clozapine (600 mg daily). Therapeutic clozapine monitoring was analyzed, revealing a low concentration‐dose ratio. A pharmacogenetic test showed that the patient had the CYP1A2*1F/*1F genotype, indicating an ultra‐rapid clozapine metabolizer. In combination with fluvoxamine, a CYP1A2 enzyme inhibitor, clozapine plasma concentrations approached the reference range and achieved clinical improvement. This case demonstrates how pharmacogenetics can help understand the value of therapeutic drug monitoring to enhance the treatment of refractory schizoaffective disorder.
Featured Cover
Authors: Mertens Christian , Büsch Christopher , Goldenbaum Konrad , Ristow Oliver , Hoffmann Jürgen , Wang Hom‐Lay , Hoffmann Korbinian Jochen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe cover image is based on the Original Article Full block or split block?—Comparison of two different autogenous block grafting techniques for alveolar ridge reconstruction by Christian Mertens DDS et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.13263.
image
Embryonal and pineal tumours
Authors: Reznicek Joseph , Sharifai Nima , Jamshidi Pouya , Wadhwani Nitin , Ahrendsen Jared T. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEmbryonal and pineal tumours represent a diverse group of central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms. While many of the small round blue cell tumours that make up the embryonal neoplasms share similar histologic qualities, there are several morphologic and cytologic characteristics that are useful in distinguishing different tumour types. Similarly, pineal parenchymal tumours represent clinically diverse tumours, ranging from benign to overtly malignant. The most recent iteration of the World Health Organization Classification of CNS Tumours expanded greatly on the significance of molecular alterations in brain tumour diagnostics. In this article, we summarize the salient cytologic and histologic features of CNS embryonal and pineal tumours, and highlight diagnostically relevant molecular alterations within each tumour type.
PRIORITY Trial: Results from a feasibility randomised controlled trial of a psychoeducational intervention for parents to prevent disordered eating in children and young people with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Jones Christina J. , Read Rebecca , O'Donnell Nicola , Wakelin Katherine , John Mary , Skene Simon S. , Stewart Rose , Hale Lucy , Cooke Debbie , Kanumakala Shankar , Satherley Rose‐Marie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsChildren and young people (CYP) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at increased risk of disordered eating. This study aimed to determine the feasibility and acceptability of a novel, theoretically informed, two‐session psychoeducational intervention for parents to prevent disordered eating in CYP with T1D.MethodsParents of CYP aged 11–14 years with T1D were randomly allocated to the intervention or wait‐list control group. Self‐reported measures including the Diabetes Eating Problem Survey—Revised (DEPS‐R), Problem Areas in Diabetes Parent Revised (PAID‐PR), Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire subscales (CEBQ), Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS), clinical outcomes (e.g. HbA1c, BMI, medication and healthcare utilisation) and process variables, were collected at baseline, 1‐and 3‐month assessments. Acceptability data were collected from intervention participants via questionnaire.ResultsEighty‐nine parents were recruited, which exceeded recruitment targets, with high intervention engagement and acceptability (<80% across domains). A signal of efficacy was observed across outcome measures with moderate improvements in the CEBQ subscale satiety responsiveness (d = 0.55, 95% CI 0.01, 1.08) and child's BMI (d = −0.56, 95% CI −1.09, 0.00) at 3 months compared with controls. Trends in the anticipated direction were also observed with reductions in disordered eating (DEPS‐R) and diabetes distress (PAID‐PR) and improvements in wellbeing (WEMWBS).ConclusionsThis is the first study to have co‐designed and evaluated a novel parenting intervention to prevent disordered eating in CYP with T1D. The intervention proved feasible and acceptable with encouraging effects. Preparatory work is required prior to definitive trial to ensure the most relevant primary outcome measure and ensure strategies for optimum outcome completion.
The application of organoid models in research into metabolic diseases
Authors: Song Yufan , Lu Sumei , Gao Fei , Wei Tianshu , Ma Wanshan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMetabolic diseases have become a major threat to human health worldwide as a result of changing lifestyles. The exploration of the underlying molecular mechanisms of metabolic diseases and the development of improved therapeutic methods have been hindered by the lack of appropriate human experimental models. Organoids are three‐dimensional in vitro models of self‐renewing cells that spontaneously self‐organize into structures similar to the corresponding in vivo tissues, recapitulating the original tissue function. Off‐body organoid technology has been successfully applied to disease modelling, developmental biology, regenerative medicine, and tumour precision medicine. This new generation of biological models has received widespread attention. This article focuses on the construction process and research progress with regard to organoids related to metabolic diseases in recent years, and looks forward to their prospective applications.
Lessons learned implementing mineral accretion and coral gardening at Agincourt Reef, Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Cook Nathan , Cook Kailash , Harris Kaitlyn J , Songcuan Al , Smith Adam K 
Published: December 2023

SummaryThe health and diversity of coral reefs are critically important to the stability and value of the marine tourism industry. Declines in coral reef health through climate change impacts and cyclones, and associated media coverage, have impacted tourism visitation. In January 2018, a major change in Australian Government policy included a Reef Restoration and Adaptation Program to investigate the best science and technology options for helping the Great Barrier Reef recover and adapt to the changing environment. We report on a trial of two intervention methods, mineral accretion and coral gardening, to improve hard coral recovery at a popular site on the Great Barrier Reef. We installed six artificial reef substrates onto which an equal number of coral fragments of seven species were transplanted over the course of two years. During this time, three of the six treatments were connected to a low‐voltage power source to encourage mineral accretion and enhance coral growth. Electrolysis resulted in substantial mineral accretion on the steel substrate, however, the technology had no positive effect on the survival or growth of transplanted coral colonies. After 13 months, a second round of transplanted coral fragments was undertaken, and the electrolysis was discontinued. Over a four‐year period, mean live coral cover increased significantly in both treatment locations, from 1.7% and 0% to 80.8% and 75.8%, respectively. Control locations increased insignificantly from a mean of 5% to 14.2%. The mineral accretion technology proved technically challenging and did not support the growth or health of transplanted corals, providing no evidence to support the use of mineral accretion technology for this purpose. The technology may, however, have applications in the creation of new, solid substrates and for initial rubble stabilisation efforts. These results demonstrate the effective use of artificial substrates in conjunction with coral gardening techniques for the recovery of hard coral at degraded tourism sites.
Evaluating remnant vegetation management practices adjacent to apple orchards to support native bee pollinators
Authors: Spronk Amber L. , Guerin Greg R. , Martín‐Forés Irene , Lowe Andrew J. , Hogendoorn Katja 
Published: December 2023

SummaryMaintenance of a diverse pollinator community helps ensure resilience in pollination services. Fragments of woody and grassy vegetation in the vicinity of croplands have been shown to encourage the presence of crop‐pollinating bees. However, to date, little attention has been given to the management practices that may enhance the presence of bees in such fragments. We investigated how the maintenance of remnant forest fragments adjacent to apple orchards in South Australia affects floral resources and native bee communities. The fragments had been subject to either (a) fire (assessments three years post‐burn), (b) cattle grazing under trees and (c) low maintenance management (>20 years not grazed or burnt). Plant communities were sampled along transects in plots. Bee communities were sampled using hand netting. We fitted generalised linear mixed models to investigate differences in plant and bee diversity between treatments and to elucidate the effect of plant diversity on bee diversity. We compared plant and bee community composition among treatments using non‐metric multidimensional scaling and conducted network analysis to measure the robustness of plant‐pollinator interactions to the removal of species. Both floral resource abundance and bee diversity were higher in burnt and low‐maintenance fragments than in grazed fragments. Bee species richness was positively associated with plant species richness. The species richness of bees that visit apple flowers was positively associated with flower abundance but not with floral species richness. Plant‐pollinator networks in grazed sites had fewer links per species and a higher proportion of realised links than those under other management practices. However, the resilience of pollinator networks did not differ significantly between management practices. Thus, controlled burns or low‐maintenance management of forest fragments appear to be the most suitable landscape management practices to support apple pollinating bees. Burning requires consideration of additional ecological consequences, such as the conservation of fire‐sensitive species and specialist woodland fauna. Cattle grazing adjacent to orchards results in simplified bee communities and pollination networks and is not recommended if pollination services are required for adjacent land uses. This information can benefit orchardist as well as managers of fragments of native vegetation adjacent to orchard crops.
Psychological precursors of epileptic seizures
Authors: Michaelis Rosa , Schöller Helmut , Popkirov Stoyan , Edelhäuser Friedrich , Kolenik Tine , Trinka Eugen , Schiepek Günter 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPsychological stress is the most commonly self‐reported precursor of epileptic seizures. However, retrospective and prospective studies remain inconclusive in this regard. Here, we explored whether seizures would be preceded by significant changes in reported stressors or resource utilization. This study is based on high‐frequency time series through daily online completion of personalized questionnaires of 9–24 items in epilepsy outpatients and compared responses 1–14 days before seizures with interictal time series. Fourteen patients (79% women, age = 23–64 years) completed daily questionnaires over a period of 87–898 days (median = 277 days = 9.2 months). A total of 4560 fully completed daily questionnaires were analyzed, 685 of which included reported seizure events. Statistically significant changes in preictal compared to interictal dynamics were found in 11 of 14 patients (79%) across 41 items (22% of all 187 items). In seven of 14 patients (50%), seizures were preceded by a significant mean increase of stressors and/or a significant mean decrease of resource utilization. This exploratory analysis of long‐term prospective individual patient data on specific stressors and personal coping strategies generates the hypothesis that medium‐term changes in psychological well‐being may precede the occurrence of epileptic seizures in some patients.
Thorns in the side: Strategies of populist parties against local public administrations
Authors: Drapalova Eliska 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe success of populist parties in national elections puts pressure on political leaders and their administrations, both at the central and sub‐national levels. This paper explores the political tensions between two administrative levels—a central level governed by a populist party, and the city level headed by a liberal party—and the strategies populists use to challenge local political leaders and their city administrations. This paper analyzes three case studies: Prague, Warsaw, and Budapest. In all three cities, opposition candidates are visible challengers to the populist parties in government. The results show that city administrations face increasing tasks, cuts in budget transfers, higher scrutiny from central government, and administrative bottlenecks.