bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eyewitness memory for a simulated misdemeanor crime: the role of age and temperament in suggestibility
Authors: Shapiro Lauren R. , Blackford Cheryl , Chen Chiung‐Fen 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe timing of misleading questions within an interview (immediate, 7‐week delay) and temperament characteristics as correlates of suggestibility were examined in two experiments. In Experiment 1, 6/7‐year‐olds, 9/10‐year‐olds, and adults were given general‐to‐specific questions at both intervals or misleading questions initially and general‐to‐specific questions at delay. In Experiment 2, 4/5‐year‐olds, 9/10‐year‐olds, and adults were given general‐to‐specific questions at both intervals or general‐to‐specific questions initially and misleading questions at delay. Introducing misleading questions in the initial interview increased suggestibility for peripheral features, whereas suggestibility for central features was found when misleading questions were asked in the delayed interview. Age changes in recall and elaboration for categorical information were found. Some temperament characteristics were associated with age‐related changes in compliance and suggestibility. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interstitial deletion 8q11.2‐q13 with congenital anomalies of CHARGE association
Authors: Arrington Cammon B. , Cowley Brett C. , Nightingale Daniel R. , Zhou Holly , Brothman Arthur R. , Viskochil David H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSpecific genetic loci responsible for CHARGE association are currently unknown. Herein, we describe a neonate with clinical manifestations consistent with CHARGE association who has a de novo interstitial deletion involving bands 8q11.2 to 8q13. Genetic mapping and genomic microarray technology have been used to more accurately define the breakpoints of this deletion. Within the deleted region, there are approximately 150 expressed genes, one or more of which may contribute to the manifestations of CHARGE association. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of physostigmine on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous parathion in rats
Authors: Hurh Eunju , Lee Eun J. , Kim Yoon G. , Kim Sung Y. , Kim So H. , Kim Young C. , Lee Myung G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIt was reported that the area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time zero to time infinity (AUC) of parathion was significantly smaller, and the time‐averaged total body clearance (Cl) of parathion was significantly faster after intravenous administration of parathion to rats pretreated with dexamethasone than those in control rats. This was supported by significantly faster intrinsic clearance of parathion to form paraoxon in hepatic microsomal fraction of rats pretreated with dexamethasone. The above data suggested that parathion was metabolized to paraoxon by dexamethasone‐inducible hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A in rats. The purpose of this study is to explain the protective effects of physostigmine against paraoxon toxicity by suppressing CYP3A, and hence, decreasing formation of a toxic metabolite, paraoxon. The pharmacokinetic changes of parathion and paraoxon were investigated after intravenous administration of parathion, 3 mg/kg, to control Sprague–Dawley rats, and the rats pretreated with physostigmine (100 µg/kg, intraperitoneal injection 30 min before parathion administration). After a 1‐min intravenous infusion of parathion to rats pretreated with physostigmine, the AUC of parathion (60.4 compared with 73.7 µg min/mL) was significantly greater, Cl of parathion (49.7 compared with 40.7 mL/min/kg) was significantly slower, and amount of paraoxon recovered from liver, mesentery and large intestine at 5 min was smaller than those in control rats. Based on in vitro rat hepatic microsomal studies, physostigmine inhibited significantly the erythromycin N‐demethylase activity (1.03 compared with 0.924 nmol/mg protein/min), mainly mediated by hepatic cytochrome P450 3A in rats. The above data suggested that the formation of paraoxon was inhibited in rats pretreated with physostigmine by inhibiting CYP3A. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of dose on the distribution kinetics of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in the isolated hindlimb of the rat
Authors: Casquero‐Dorado A.C. , Colino C.I. , Martínez M.S , Sánchez‐Navarro A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether the dose influences the distribution kinetics of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in muscle‐ bone‐ and skin‐tissues included in the isolated hindlimb of the rat. Experiments were carried out in the isolated perfused hindlimb of the rat, administering a single dose of 45, 450 or 900 µg of each quinolone as a bolus injection. Outflow perfusate samples were collected for 20 min and drug levels were determined by an HPLC technique. The mean transit time (MTT) and the distribution volume of ciprofloxacin significantly increased with the dose injected (MTT=1.47±0.69, 8.74±0.27 and 9.52±2.95 min for 45, 450 and 900 µg, respectively). A similar situation was observed with ofloxacin, although the increase in these parameters was less pronounced (MTT=3.65±0.86, 7.92±2.03 and 8.32±1.70 min for 45, 450 and 900 µg, respectively). The distribution of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in the rat hindlimb appears to be a dose‐dependent process, at least for the dose range considered in this study. This might explain the high variability in the distribution coefficients reported for these drugs in literature. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Urinary excretion of valproate metabolites in children and adolescents
Authors: Reith David M. , Andrews Jaymie , Parker‐Scott Suzie , Eadie Mervyn J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe objective of this communication is to describe the changes in the metabolic profile of valproic acid (VPA) from early to late childhood and adolescence. A cross‐sectional study of 12 children and adolescents attending a neurological outpatients department, who were medicated with VPA, was carried out. The proportions of daily dose excreted as VPA‐glucuronide, 3‐oxo‐VPA and 4‐OH‐VPA were calculated by relating 24‐h recovery of these metabolites from urine to daily VPA dose. VPA, 3‐oxo‐VPA and 2‐en‐valproic acid (2‐en‐VPA) were measured in trough serum samples. VPA and its metabolites were measured using a capillary gas chromatograpy method. The proportion of daily dose recovered as VPA‐glucuronide in children 10 years and younger was smaller than in older children (p<0.05). There were no differences between age groups in the recovery of the other measured metabolites. Lamotrigine (LTG) comedication was also associated with a higher proportion of VPA dose recovered as glucuronide (p<0.01). LTG comedication had a stronger association with a higher proportion of dose being recovered as VPA‐glucuronide on multivariate analysis than did the age group (p=0.001 versus p<0.05). In conclusion, older children and adolescents, when compared with younger children, and those comedicated with LTG excrete a higher proportion of VPA dose as VPA‐glucuronide. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of in vitro–in vivo correlations (IVIVC) in setting formulation release specifications
Authors: Modi Nishit B. , Lam Andrew , Lindemulder Elizabeth , Wang Bei , Gupta Suneel K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAn in vitro–in vivo correlation (IVIVC) was established for an osmotic controlled‐release dosage form by deconvolution using data from an immediate‐release treatment as the characteristic response. The established IVIVC was evaluated internally (predicting data used to develop the IVIVC) and externally (predicting data not originally included in developing the IVIVC), and the application of the IVIVC in product development was demonstrated. The estimated in vivo dissolution profile compared favorably with the in vitro drug release profile. Good agreement was demonstrated between the estimated and observed cumulative drug release across the entire time course (level A correlation) with low (<10%) predictive error for both Cmax and AUC∞. External validation using lots not initially included in the model development compared very well with the observed in vivo profile, with mean prediction errors less than 10% for both Cmax and AUC∞. The proposed method demonstrates a schema for developing IVIVCs using data from biostudies routinely conducted during formulation development. The method should facilitate product optimization and can support setting in vitro dissolution specification. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of fluency training on math and reading skills in neuropsychiatric diagnosis children: a multiple baseline design
Authors: Hartnedy Stephanie L. , Mozzoni Michael P. , Fahoum Yousef 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFluency (fast and accurate responding) has been found to facilitate the retention, maintenance, endurance, and application of learned skills. Fluency training has been employed effectively in academic, vocational, industrial, and rehabilitative settings. Using a multiple baseline design, this study expanded previous applications by targeting academic deficits of children with neurological and psychiatric diagnoses in a residential treatment facility. Total response rates were measured in 60 second timed probes. Academic tool skills increased and error rates decreased for all participants after implementation of fluency training. Implications for improving attention to task and targeting minimum competency skills are discussed, as is determining the role that practice plays in increasing fluency rate. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using behavioral interventions to treat speech disorders in persons with head trauma
Authors: Wesolowski Michael D. , Zencius Arnie H. , McCarthy‐Lydon Diane , Lydon Steve 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTwo men with head injuries resulting in speech disorders were treated by asking them orientation questions and prompting answers using either least to most prompting or flashcards. For one participant, the orientation questions were about objects, places, and foods. The other man's questions were about objects, places, people, and time. The results demonstrated that both men were able to respond correctly to the orientation questions in fewer than 30 trials. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antecedent assessment and intervention to reduce physical restraint (protective holding) of children and adolescents with acquired brain injury
Authors: Luiselli James K. , Dunn Erin K. , Pace Gary M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis research concerned antecedent assessment and intervention to reduce physical restraint (protective holding) of children and adolescents with acquired brain injury and serious challenging behaviors (aggression, self‐injury, property destruction). Study I was an assessment of antecedent conditions associated with protective holding among 15 students attending a community‐based residential school. Conceived as a descriptive assessment, we identified several environmental influences that set the occasion for protective holding. Study II describes how information gathered from antecedent assessment was used to formulate an intervention that reduced frequency of protective holding with one student. Clinical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coexpression in yeast ofTaxuscytochrome P450 reductase with cytochrome P450 oxygenases involved in Taxol biosynthesis
Authors: Jennewein Stefan , Park Hangil , DeJong JingHong M. , Long Robert M. , Bollon Arthur P. , Croteau Rodney B. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTo maximize redox coupling efficiency with recombinant cytochrome P450 hydroxylases from yew (Taxus) species installed in yeast for the production of the anticancer drug Taxol, a cDNA encoding NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase fromT. cuspidatawas isolated. This single‐copy gene (2,154 bp encoding a protein of 717 amino acids) resembles more closely other reductases from gymnosperms (∼90% similarity) than those from angiosperms (<80% similarity). The recombinant reductase was characterized and compared to other reductases by heterologous expression in insect cells and was shown to support reconstituted taxoid 10β‐hydroxylase activity with an efficiency comparable to that of other plant‐derived reductases. Coexpression in yeast of the reductase along withT. cuspidatataxoid 10β‐hydroxylase, which catalyzes an early step of taxoid biosynthesis, demonstrated significant enhancement of hydroxylase activity compared to that supported by the endogenous yeast reductase alone. Functional transgenic coupling of theTaxusreductase with a homologous cytochrome P450 taxoid hydroxylase represents an important initial step in reconstructing Taxol biosynthesis in a microbial host. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐throughput measurement of protein stability in microtiter plates
Authors: Aucamp Jean P. , Cosme Ana M. , Lye Gary J. , Dalby Paul A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe direct determination of protein stability at high throughput has applications in proteomics, directed evolution, and formulation. Each application places different requirements on the accuracy of stability or transition midpoint determination. The measurement of protein stability by chemical denaturation has been previously performed at medium throughput and high accuracy using autotitrating fluorometers, after removal of proteins from the 96‐well plate format in which they were expressed and purified. Herein we present a higher‐throughput method for measuring and indexing the stability of proteins maintained within the 96‐well format using a fluorescence microplate reader. Protein unfolding transitions were monitored by tryptophan fluorescence at 340 nm and assessed using bovine and equine cytochrome c (cyt c), as well as bovine serum albumin (BSA) stabilized with various amounts of palmitic acid. Two different approaches for generating unfolding curves in microtiter plates have been evaluated for their accuracy and applicability. Unfolding curves generated by the serial addition of denaturant into single wells allowed high‐throughput stability screens capable of identifying protein variants with unfolding midpoint differences of 0.15 M denaturant concentration or larger. Such a method would be suitable for screening large numbers of proteins, as typically generated for directed evolution. Unfolding curves generated using one well per denaturant concentration allowed for medium‐throughput stability screening and generated more accurate and precise stability values (C1/2 ± 0.05 M, mG, and ΔG) for cyt c that are similar to values reported in literature. This method is suitable for screening the smaller numbers of proteins generated in proteomic research programmes. By using BSA stabilized with various palmitate concentrations and simple numerical indexing, it was shown that both experimental methods can successfully rank the order of protein stability. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sex-based analysis of the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis
Authors: Lee H K , Han H-S , Min S K , Lee J-H 
Published: January 2005

Abstract

Background
Complicated acute cholecystitis, for example when empyema or gangrene is present, is associated with increased postoperative morbidity and mortality rates. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between sex, the severity of acute cholecystitis and the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods
Of 674 patients in whom laparoscopic cholecystectomy was attempted, 348 had chronic cholecystitis and 326 had acute cholecystitis. The medical records of the latter were reviewed retrospectively.

Results
The proportion of male patients significantly increased with the severity of cholecystitis: 37·4 per cent of those with chronic cholecystitis were men, compared with 44·4 per cent of those with uncomplicated acute cholecystitis and 57 per cent of those with complicated acute cholecystitis (P = 0·001). Multivariate analysis showed that advanced age (odds ratio 2·24; P = 0·004) and male sex (odds ratio 1·76; P = 0·029) independently predicted complicated acute cholecystitis. The conversion rate to open operation was 6·4 per cent in men and 5·9 per cent in women (P = 0·843). The postoperative complication rate was 10·3 and 8·2 per cent respectively (P = 0·528).

Conclusion
Male sex was identified as a risk factor for more severe acute cholecystitis, but outcome for men after laparoscopic cholecystectomy was not significantly different from that for women.
Towards a Better Understanding of Magnetic Interactions within m‐Phenylene α‐Nitronyl Nitroxide and Imino Nitroxide Based Radicals, Part III: Magnetic Exchange in a Series of Triradicals and Tetraradicals Based on the Phenyl Acetylene and Biphenyl Coupling Units
Authors: Catala Laure , Le Moigne Jacques , Gruber Nathalie , Novoa Juan J. , Rabu Pierre , Belorizky Elie , Turek Philippe 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe present work completes and extends our previous reports1, 2 on the determination of the magnetic ground state and on the strength of the through bond exchange coupling within series of biradicals. This knowledge was subsequently exploited for the analysis of the magnetic interactions in their crystals. We report here the studies of series of triradicals incorporating α‐nitronyl nitroxides (NN) or α‐imino nitroxides (IN) as terminal radical fragments connected through a m‐phenylene coupling unit in one case and a phenyl acetylene unit in other case. Tetraradical derivatives have also been studied. The studies of isolated molecules (EPR in solution and DFT calculations) allow the assessment of the magnetic interactions through the magnetic coupling unit. All triradical derivatives are found to exhibit a quartet ground state, whereas a singlet ground state is determined for the tetraradical. This last result reinforces previous findings that the singlet ground state is favoured in related biradicals involving similar m‐phenylene couplers. Moreover, the through bond magnetic exchange coupling for the ortho–meta connectivity could be demonstrated as being ferromagnetic, thus ascertaining our previous hypotheses.1 The magnetic properties of the triradicals and tetraradicals in their solid state have been rationalized by using a previously proposed methodology,2 allowing to identify the most relevant magnetic pathways.
Zirconocene‐Mediated Intermolecular Coupling of Si‐tethered Diynes with Alkynes, Ketones, Aldehydes, and Isocyanates by means of Novel Skeletal Rearrangement of Zirconacyclobutene–Silacyclobutene and Zirconacyclohexadiene–Silacyclobutene Fused‐Ring Intermediates
Authors: Yu Tao , Sun Xiaohua , Wang Congyang , Deng Liang , Xi Zhenfeng 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBis(alkynyl)silanes react with low valent zirconocene species to afford zirconacyclobutene intermediates. These in situ generated reactive organometallic intermediates can react with alkynes, ketones, aldehydes, and isocyanates by means of a novel skeletal rearrangement. When a zirconacyclobutene intermediate was treated with an alkyne, an α‐alkynylsilyl zirconacyclopentadiene was formed. Addition of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) and CuCl resulted in one‐pot formation of an alkynylsilyl–benzene derivative from three different alkynes. At a higher temperature, the α‐alkynylsilylzirconacyclopentadiene was transformed by means of an intramolecular skeletal rearrangement to a zirconacyclohexadiene–silacyclobutene fused‐ring compound, which reacted with DMAD in the presence of CuCl affording the same alkynylsilyl–benzene derivative. When treated with a ketone, an aldehdye, or an isocyanate, the zirconocyclobutene intermediate also underwent the above‐mentioned skeletal rearrangement, generating zirconocene‐mediated cross‐coupling products.
Diaminocarbene‐ and Fischer‐Carbene Complexes of Palladium and Nickel by Oxidative Insertion: Preparation, Structure, and Catalytic Activity
Authors: Kremzow Doris , Seidel Günter , Lehmann Christian W. , Fürstner Alois 
Published: January 2005

AbstractOxidative insertion of [Pd(PPh3)4] or [Ni(cod)2]/PPh3into the CCl bond of various 2‐chloroimidazolinium‐ and other ‐amidinium salts affords metal–diaminocarbene complexes in good to excellent yields. This procedure is complementary to existing methodology in which the central metal does not change its oxidation state, and therefore allows to incorporate carbene fragments that are difficult to access otherwise. The preparation of a variety of achiral as well as enantiomerically pure, chiral metal–NHC complexes (NHC = N‐heterocyclic carbene) and metal complexes with acyclic diaminocarbene ligands illustrates this aspect. Furthermore it is shown that oxidative insertion also paves a way to prototype Fischer carbenes of PdII. Since the required starting materials are readily available from urea‐ or thiourea derivatives, this novel approach allows for substantial structural variations of the ligand backbone. The catalytic performance of the resulting library of nickel‐ and palladium–carbene complexes has been evaluated by applications to prototype Suzuki‐, Heck‐, and Kumada–Corriu cross‐coupling reactions as well as Buchwald–Hartwig aminations. It was found that even Fischer carbenes show appreciable catalytic activity. Moreover, representative examples of all types of neutral and cationic metal–carbene complexes formed in this study have been characterized by X‐ray crystallography.
Synthesis and Characterization of Tetranuclear Alkyltin(IV) Compounds with Schiff Base Ligand Pyruvic Acid Isonicotinyl Hydrazone and Crystal Structure of {[nBu2Sn(C9H8N3O3)O]SnBun}2
Authors: Yin Han‐Dong , HONG Min , Wang Qi‐Bao 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe tetranuclear alkyltin(IV) compounds {[R2Sn(C9H8N3O3)O]SnR3}2[R=n‐Bu (1), 4‐CNC6H4CH2(2), C6H5CH2(3), 4‐ClC6H4CH2(4)] were prepared by the reaction of Schiff base ligand pyruvic acid isonicotinyl hydrazone with (R3Sn)2O in the corresponding molar ratio of 1:1. All compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR and1H NMR spectra. The crystal structure of compound1was determined by X‐ray single crystal diffractional analysis. This compound exhibits a dimeric structure containing distannoxane units with two types of the tin atoms. For the first tin atom, it appears to be seven‐coordinated with a distorted pentagonal bipyramid geometry, and the other is five‐coordinated with a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry. The molecules are packed in the unit cell in two‐dimensional network structure through an interaction between the N atoms of the pyridine and the tin atoms of an adjacent molecule.
Dumbbell‐shaped Carbosilane Dendrimers Based on 1,6‐Hexanediol
Authors: Tang Xin‐De , Zhang Qi‐Zhen , Li Ai‐Xiang , Fan Xing‐He , Chen Xiao‐Fang , Zhou Qi‐Feng 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNovel carbosilane dendrimers based on 1,6‐hexanediol were prepared by divergent approach. Using 1,6‐hexanediol‐based diallyl ether as the core molecule, the dendrimers were prepared to the third generation with 54 allyl groups on the periphery by alternate hydrosilylation‐allylation reactions.
Crystal Structure of Bis{1‐methylthio‐1‐[1‐phenyl‐1‐(1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐5‐oxo‐4,5‐dihydropyrazol‐4‐ylene)‐methylamino]‐iminomethyl} Disulfide with the “U” Conformation
Authors: Liu Lang , Ji Ya‐Li , Jia Dian‐Zeng , Liu Guang‐Fei , Yu Kai‐Bei 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe reaction of 1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐4‐benzoyl‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐one (PMBP) and methyldithiocarbazate (mdtc) in methanol results in formation of a yellow crystalline solid, adduct of 1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐4‐benzoyl‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐one and methyldithiocarbazate. When the yellow solids were dissolved in a mixture of methanol and ether (1:4), a red crystal, which is an oxidation product of the former, was obtained by allowing solvent to evaporate for a few days at room temperature. The X‐ray analysis of the red crystal indicates that it is a novel disulfide with a special structure like a “U” conformation in the solid state.