bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutron-capture elements in a sample of field metal-poor N-rich dwarfs
Authors: Spite M. , Bonifacio P. , Caffau E. , François P. 
Published: January 2024

Context. The aim of this work is to measure the abundances of n-capture elements in a sample of six metal-poor N-rich dwarfs that were formed in globular clusters, and subsequently became unbound from the cluster. These N-rich stars, HD 25329, HD 74000, HD 160617, G 24-3, G53-41, and G90-3, were previously studied in Paper I.
Aims. The abundances of the n-capture elements in these stars were compared to the abundances in normal metal-poor dwarfs and in globular cluster stars in the same metallicity range in order to find evidence of an enrichment of the material from which these N-rich stars were formed, by the ejecta of massive asymptotic giant branch stars (AGB) inside the cluster.
Methods. The abundances of 15 elements, from Sr to Yb, were derived line by line by comparing the observed profiles to synthetic spectra in a sample of six metal-poor N-rich dwarfs and nine classical metal-poor dwarfs.
Results. We show that, generally speaking, the behaviours of the intermediate metal-poor stars here studied and the extremely metal-poor stars are very different. In particular, the scatter of the [X/Fe] ratios is much smaller since many more stars contribute to the enrichment. Among our six metal-poor N-rich stars, three stars (G24-3 and HD 74000 and maybe also HD 160617) present an enrichment in elements formed by the s-process, typical of a contribution of AGB stars, unexpected at the metallicity of these stars. This suggests that the intracluster medium from which these stars were formed was enriched by a first generation of massive AGB stars. Another N-rich star, G53-41, is also rich in s-process elements, but since it is more metal-rich this could be due to the normal galactic enrichment by low-mass AGB stars before the formation of the cluster. In contrast, two stars (G 90-3 and HD 25329) have an abundance pattern compatible with a pure r-process such as that seen in metal-poor stars with [Fe/H] < −1.5.
Underestimation of the tidal force and apsidal motion in close binary systems by the perturbative approach: Comparisons with non-perturbative models
Authors: Fellay L. , Dupret M.-A. , Rosu S. 
Published: January 2024

Context. Stellar deformations play a significant role in the dynamical evolution of stars in binary systems, impacting the tidal dissipation and the outcomes of mass transfer processes. The prevalent method for modelling the deformations and tidal interactions of celestial bodies solely relies on the perturbative approach, which assumes that stellar deformations are minor perturbations to the spherical symmetry. An observable consequence of stellar deformations is the apsidal motion in eccentric systems, which has be observationally determined across numerous binary systems.
Aims. Our objective is to assert the reliability of the perturbative approach when applied to close and strongly deformed binary systems.
Methods. We have developed a non-perturbative 3D modelling method designed to account for high stellar deformations. We focus on comparing the properties of perturbatively deformed stellar models with our 3D models, particularly in terms of apsidal motion.
Results. Our research highlights that the perturbative model becomes imprecise and underestimates the tidal force and rate of apsidal motion at a short orbital separation. This discrepancy primarily results from the first-order treatment in the perturbative approach, and cannot be rectified using straightforward mathematical corrections due to the strong non-linearity and numerous parameters of the problem. We have determined that our methodology affects the modelling of approximately 42% of observed binary systems with measured apsidal motion, introducing a discrepancy greater than 2% when the normalised orbital separation verifies q−1/5a(1 − e2)/R1 ≲ 6.5 (q is the mass ratio of the system, a is its semi-major axis, e is its orbital eccentricity and R1 is the radius of the primary star).
Conclusions. The perturbative approach underestimates tidal interactions between bodies up to ∼40% for close low-mass binaries. All the subsequent modelling is impacted by our findings, in particular, the tidal dissipation is significantly underestimated. As a result, all binary stellar models are imprecise when applied to systems with a low orbital separation, and the outcomes of these models are also affected by these inaccuracies.
UV FeII emission model of HE 0413−4031 and its relation to broad-line time delays
Authors: Zajaček Michal , Panda Swayamtrupta , Pandey Ashwani , Prince Raj , Rodríguez-Ardila Alberto , Jaiswal Vikram , Czerny Bożena , Hryniewicz Krzysztof , Urbanowicz Maciej , Trzcionkowski Piotr , Śniegowska Marzena , Fałkowska Zuzanna , Martínez-Aldama Mary Loli , Werner Norbert 
Published: January 2024

Context.FeII emission is a well-known contributor to the UV spectra of active galactic nuclei and the modeling of this part may affect the results obtained for the MgIIλ2800 emission, which is one of the lines used for black hole mass measurements and cosmological applications.Aims.We tested different FeII emission models when modeling the UV emission of the intermediate-redshift quasar HE 0413−4031 to see how the use of a specific template affects the MgIIλ2800 line properties and the measurement of the MgIIλ2800 and UV FeII time delays with respect to the continuum.Methods.We used the 11-year monitoring of the selected quasar HE 0413−4031 with the South African Large Telescope (SALT), and we supplemented this monitoring with the near-IR spectrum taken with the SOAR telescope, which gave access to the Hβλ4861 and [OIII]λλ4959, 5007 emission lines at the rest frame and allowed for a precise measurement of the redshift.Results.A new redshift determination (z = 1.39117 ± 0.00017) using [OIII]λλ4959, 5007 gave a very different value than the previous determination based only on the UV FeII pseudocontinuum (z = 1.3764). It favors a different decomposition of the spectrum into MgII and UV FeII emissions. The line characteristics and the time delay of the MgII emission (224−23+21days) are not significantly affected. However, in comparison with the previous analysis, the rest-frame UV FeII time delay (251−7+9days) is consistent with the inferred UV FeII line full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 4200 km s−1that is only slightly smaller than the MgII line FWHM. Hence the FeII-emitting material is more distant than the MgII-emitting gas in HE 0413−4031 by ∼0.023 pc (4700 AU). The inferred velocity shift of both MgII and UV FeII lines with respect to the systemic redshift is now rather low, below 300 km s−1. In addition, we constructed an updated MgII radius-luminosity (R − L) relation from 194 sources, which is more than double the previous sample. The MgIIR − Lrelation is flatter than the UV FeII, optical FeII, and HβR − Lrelations. While the new decomposition of the spectrum is satisfactory, we see a need to create better FeII templates using the newest version of the codeCLOUDY.
Observational constraints on the origin of the elements
Authors: Guiglion G. , Bergemann M. , Storm N. , Lian J. , Cescutti G. , Serenelli A. 
Published: January 2024

Context. The chemical evolution history of slow neutron-capture elements in the Milky Way is still a matter of debate, especially in the metal-poor regime ([Fe/H] < −1).
Aims. Based on Gaia-ESO spectroscopic data, a recent study investigated the chemical evolution of neutron-capture elements in the regime [Fe/H] > −1. Here, we aim to complement this study down to [Fe/H] = −3, and focus on Ba, Y, and Sr, along with the abundance ratios of [Ba/Y] and [Sr/Y], which give comprehensive views on s-process nucleosynthesis channels.
Methods. We measured the local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) abundances of Ba, Y, and Sr in 323 Galactic metal-poor stars using high-resolution optical spectra with high signal-to-noise ratios. We used the spectral fitting code TSFitPy together with 1D model atmospheres, using previously determined LTE and NLTE atmospheric parameters.
Results. We find that the NLTE effects are on the order of ∼ − 0.1 to ∼0.2 dex, depending on the element. We find that stars enhanced (deficient) in [Ba/Fe] and [Y/Fe] are also enhanced (deficient) in [Sr/Fe], suggesting a common evolution channel for these three elements. We find that the ratio between heavy and light s-process elements [Ba/Y] varies weakly with [Fe/H] even in the metal-poor regime, which is consistent with the behaviour in the metal-rich regime. The [Ba/Y] scatter at a given metallicity is larger than the abundance measurement uncertainties. Homogeneous chemical evolution models with different yield prescriptions are not able to accurately reproduce the [Ba/Y] scatter in the low-[Fe/H] regime. Adopting the stochastic chemical evolution model by Cescutti & Chiappini allows us to reproduce the observed scatter in the abundance pattern of [Ba/Y] and [Ba/Sr]. Based on our observations, we have ruled out the need for an arbitrary scaling of the r-process contribution, as previously suggested by the authors behind the construction of the model.
Conclusions. We show how important it is to properly include NLTE effects when measuring chemical abundances, especially in the metal-poor regime. This work demonstrates that the choice of the Galactic chemical evolution model (stochastic versus one-zone) is key when comparing models to observations. Upcoming large-scale spectroscopic surveys such as 4MOST and WEAVE are poised to deliver high-quality data for many thousands of metal-poor stars and this work gives a typical case study of what could be achieved with such surveys in the future.
SARS-CoV-2 Exposition und Seroprävalenz von
SARS-CoV-2-Antikörpern bei Medizinstudierenden in der ersten Phase der
Pandemie, 2020–2021
Authors: Landmesser Patricia , Weissbrich Benedikt , Peter-Kern Martina , Krone Manuel , Liese Johannes G. , Streng Andrea 
Published: January 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Medizinstudierende sind bedingt durch ihre klinische
Ausbildung und bei Nebentätigkeiten in der Klinik häufiger
Kontakten zu SARS-CoV-2-Infizierten ausgesetzt als die
Allgemeinbevölkerung. Wir bestimmten die Seroprävalenz von
SARS-CoV-2-Antikörpern bei Medizinstudierenden in der klinischen
Ausbildung zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten in der Anfangsphase der Pandemie und
befragten die Teilnehmenden zu möglichen SARS-CoV-2-Expositionen im
medizinischen und im privaten Bereich.
Methodik Im Zeitraum Mai 2020 bis Juni 2021 wurden Medizinstudierende des
jeweiligen 3. Studienjahres (6. Fachsemester) am Universitätsklinikum
Würzburg befragt und SARS-CoV-2-Ungeimpften eine Bestimmung ihres
SARS-CoV-2-Serostatus angeboten. Die Blutproben wurden mittels Immunoassay
(Elecsys, Roche) auf IgG/IgM/IgA-Antikörper gegen das
SARS-CoV-2 N-Antigen getestet. Demographische Daten, SARS-CoV-2-Erkrankungs- und
Impfstatus, sowie mögliche SARS-CoV-2 Expositionen wurden mithilfe eines
Fragebogens erfasst.
Ergebnisse 383 (86,1%) von 445 Studierenden beteiligten sich an
der Querschnittsbefragung (65% weiblich; Altersmedian 22 Jahre; IQR
21–24). Von 223 (58,2% von 383) ungeimpften Teilnehmenden wurde
der Serostatus ermittelt. Im Zeitraum zwischen Pandemiebeginn in Deutschland
(Februar 2020) und dem Befragungszeitpunkt gaben 332 (86,7% von 383) an,
eine Tätigkeit im medizinischen Bereich auszuüben, vor allem im
Rahmen von Famulaturen (76,8%) oder Nebentätigkeiten mit
Patientenkontakt (48,8%). 129 (33,7%) gaben einen
vorangegangenen Kontakt zu einem COVID-19-Patienten an, davon fanden
78,3% der Kontakte in einer medizinischen Einrichtung statt. Bei 8
(3,6%) der 223 getesteten, ungeimpften Teilnehmenden konnten
Antikörper gegen SARS-CoV-2 nachgewiesen werden, dabei ließ sich
bei 3 Infizierten ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Infektion und einem Kontakt im
Rahmen der medizinischen Tätigkeit vermuten.
Schlussfolgerung Trotz häufigen Patientenkontaktes und des damit
möglicherweise einhergehenden erhöhten Infektionsrisikos zeigten
Medizinstudierende des 3. Studienjahres in den ersten 18 Monaten der Pandemie
gegenüber der Allgemeinbevölkerung keine erhöhte
Seroprävalenz und eine niedrigere bzw. ähnliche
Seroprävalenzrate wie Medizinstudierende in anderen europäischen
Ländern. Dies weist auf einen ausreichenden Schutz von
Medizinstudierenden zu Beginn ihrer klinischen Ausbildung durch die damaligen
Hygiene- und Infektionsschutzmaßnahmen bei medizinischen
Tätigkeiten hin.
Bedside Clinical Hand-held Ultrasound in an Internal Medicine
Department: The "Bed Med-Us" Experience of Codogno and its
Clinical Utility in the Management of Diagnosis and Therapy in 1007
Patients
Authors: Giangregorio Francesco , Mosconi Emilio , Debellis Maria Grazia , Palermo Eliana , Provini Stella , Mendozza Manuela , Ricevuti Laura , Esposito Ciro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose Handheld ultrasound (HH-US) answers simple clinical questions in
emergencies. We performed conventional US with HH-US at the patient’s
bedside (BED) during a medical visit (MED) (BED MED-US). The purpose of this
prospective study is to estimate BED MED-US reliability, its clinical impact in
helping the clinician to formulate correct diagnoses, and its ability to save
time and money.
Materials and Methods 1007 patients (519 M; age:76.42) were
assessed (from March 2021 to November 2022) in one or more districts. Final
diagnosis was determined with clinical and reference tests (chest RX/CT,
abdominal CT, endoscopy, etc.). Sensitivity, specificity, LR+ and LR-,
and corresponding AUROC were evaluated. HH-US diagnoses were classified as:
confirmation (HH-US revealed the sonographic signs that confirmed the clinical
diagnosis) (CO), exclusion (HH-US excluded the presence of the ultrasound signs
of other pathologies, in the clinical differential diagnosis) (EX), etiological
(HH-US reaches diagnosis in clinically doubtful cases) (ET), or clinically
relevant incidental (HH-US diagnoses that change the patient's process
completely) (INC).
Results HH-US reliability: true-pos: 752; true-neg: 242; false-pos: 7;
false-neg: 6 (sens: 99.1%, spec: 97.6%, LR+: 98.5; LR-:
00.15, AUROC: 0.997); clinical impact: CO-diagnosis: 21%; EX:
25%; ET: 47%; INC: 7%; saved time and money:
approximately 35,572 minutes of work and 9324 euros.
Conclusion BED MED-US is a reliable clinical imaging system, with an
important clinical impact both in diagnosis (etiological in 47%,
incidental in 7%) and in the management of personnel resources.
Exploring the determinants of energy poverty in Indonesia’s households: empirical evidence from the 2015–2019 SUSENAS
Authors: Saputri Novani Karina , Setyonugroho Lourentius Dimas , Hartono Djoni 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study explores the determinants of household-level energy poverty in Indonesia by using highly granular, household-level socioeconomic data on Indonesia from the 2015–2019 National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS). This study utilizes two distinct methods to assess energy poverty in Indonesia with regard to accessibility, aiming to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the issue. Using logistic regression with the combination of district-level fixed effects and interactions between regional and yearly terms, this study finds that, in general, the likelihood of a household being under energy poverty is negatively associated with household expenditure, dwelling size, family size, full-time employment status, and the marital status and educational attainment of the household head, while the associations with other determinants, such as the gender of the household head and LPG and electricity prices, are positive. These associations between the incidence of energy poverty and households’ socioeconomic and demographic variables, as well as the prices of modern and alternative energy, are in parallel with the findings from other similar studies that have been conducted in other developing countries or regions. Furthermore, this study finds some substantial variations in the estimation results for Java and outside Java.
Toward conceptual clarity for digital cultural and social capital in student learning: Insights from a systematic literature review
Authors: Feng Shihui , Tan Cheng Yong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis systematic review examined the association between students’ digital cultural and social capital and their learning outcomes, focusing on the characteristics, related factors, and impact of their digital cultural and social capital. Through a literature search process using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, 21 studies were identified for inclusion in the review. We found that digital cultural and social capital provides a useful theoretical basis for understanding the underlying effects of the digital divide on student development. Results of the review allow us to propose operational definitions of digital cultural and social capital, as well as refine our conceptualization of these forms of capital, including their roles in the reproduction of educational inequalities. Lastly, strategies that could be implemented by schools, parents, and other stakeholders in educational systems to bolster students’ digital cultural and social capital are suggested.
Strategies for combating prejudice against Muslims in Australia
Authors: Chowdhury Nayeefa , Khandoker Ahsan H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe post-9/11 era has witnessed an upsurge in prejudice against Muslims in Western societies. Prejudice runs the risk of leading to discrimination if left uncurbed. This review attempts to explore the strategies used to combat prejudice against Muslim communities in Australia. A Boolean search for the key terms found seven studies (N = 3,177) that were conducted between 2012 and 2022. The study findings suggest that lower levels of education, lack of knowledge of Islam and Muslims, age, and a perception that prejudiced beliefs against Muslim communities are shared by the mainstream population are significant predictors of prejudice against the said group. Intergroup-contact strategy is the primary strategy which has been employed to combat prejudice. However, most of the studies that have been conducted lack ecological validity. In addition, the issues related to multilayered causal mechanisms leading to intergroup contact have been critiqued in this review. Recently, a few studies have used the psychoeducational approach in combating prejudice against Muslims in Australia. This approach has gained external validity. However, the studies related to psychoeducational intervention in combating prejudice against the said group are in their infancy. Recommendations have been made for future research directions that are efficient, practical and may inform government education policies.
Not all men: the debates in social networks on masculinities and consent
Authors: Rios-Gonzalez Oriol , Torres Analia , Aiello Emilia , Coelho Bernardo , Legorburo-Torres Guillermo , Munte-Pascual Ariadna 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEvidence shows the role men can have to contribute to the prevention of non-consensual relationships and gender violence, mainly fostering educational and social strategies which strengthen egalitarian male models that take consent as a key aspect in their sexual and affective relationships. In this regard, social networks show the existence of discourses that reinforce these male models. However, there is a gap in the analysis of how the previously mentioned discourses on consent are linked to men’s sexual satisfaction. The present study deepened into this reality by analysing messages on Reddit and Twitter. Drawing on the Social Media Analytics (SMA) technique, conducted in the framework of the European large-scale project ALL-INTERACT from the H2020 program, the hashtags notallmen and consent were explored aimed at identifying the connections between masculinities and consent. Furthermore, three daily life stories were performed with heterosexual men. Findings shed light on the relevant positioning of men about consent as a key message to eradicate gender-based violence; in parallel, they reveal the existence of New Alternative Masculinities that have never had any relationship without consent: they only get excited by free, mutual and committed consent, while repulsing unconsented or one-sided relationships.
Investigating the role of blow fly olfaction in flystrike in sheep
Authors: Yan Guanjie , Schlink Anthony C. , Liu Shimin , Greeff Johan C. , Flematti Gavin R. , Martin Graeme B. 
Published: January 2024

Breech flystrike is a painful, debilitating and potentially lethal disease caused by the larvae of the blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, and, despite many years of research, it remains a serious financial and animal-welfare issue for the Merino sheep industry in Australia. The common methods of prevention, namely insecticides, crutching and ‘mulesing’, are problematical, so alternative approaches are needed. Breeding for resistance to breech strike is a fundamentally attractive proposition, but the trait itself is difficult and expensive to quantify in large numbers of sheep in extensive production systems. Several indirect traits are correlated with susceptibility to flystrike, but a large proportion of the variation in susceptibility remains unexplained. The common thread through those indirect traits is odour, so we turned to the biology of insect olfaction and its role in fly–sheep interactions. L. cuprina uses odours to detect and locate potential hosts over long distances, to guide orientation and landing behaviour, and to select egg-laying sites. Preliminary studies demonstrated the importance of confining our work to gravid female L. cuprina, and also validated the use of flies reared in the laboratory for experimentation. Using laboratory-reared flies and a combination of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with electroantennographic detection, we identified odouriferous compounds from sheep that the antenna of L. cuprina can detect. To determine whether the identified compounds were attractive or repulsive, we needed to use a behaviour test. In preliminary studies, we compared four behaviour bioassays (Y-tube, landing time, visiting frequency, and trap) and found the trap to be the most effective. We observed that L. cuprina was attracted by several compounds in Merino wool, including octanal, nonanal and dimethyl trisulfide. We also found that the wool levels of octanal and nonanal are heritable in Merino sheep, suggesting that these compounds might be useful as traits in selection for flystrike resistance. Another possibility is that these olfactory-active compounds might guide efforts to modify the genome of sheep, or perhaps even L. cuprina. Success in these endeavours could save as much as A$200 m per year for the Australian Merino-based industries, while also improving the image of wool in world markets.
Quantization of spinor field in the Schwarzschild spacetime and spin sums for solutions of the Dirac equation
Authors: Egorov Vadim , Smolyakov Mikhail , Volobuev Igor 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We discuss the problem of canonical quantization of a free massive spinor field in the Schwarzschild spacetime. It is shown that a consistent procedure of canonical quantization of the field can be carried out without taking into account the internal region of the black hole, the canonical commutation relations in the resulting theory hold exactly and the Hamiltonian has the standard form. Spin sums are obtained for solutions of the Dirac equation in the Schwarzschild spacetime.
Conformally Einstein Lorentzian Lie groups: extensions of the Euclidean and Poincaré groups
Authors: Calviño-Louzao Esteban , García-Río Eduardo , Gutiérrez-Rodríguez Ixchel , Vázquez-Lorenzo Ramón 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We describe all Lorentzian semi-direct extensions of the Euclidean and Poincaré groups which are conformally Einstein.