bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning and sequencing of salivary gland‐specific cDNAs of the blood‐sucking bug Triatoma brasiliensis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)
Authors: Sant Anna M. R. V. , Araújo J. G. V. C. , Pereira M. H. , Pesquero J. L. , Diotaiuti L. , Lehane S. M. , Lehane M. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHaematophagous insects produce pharmacological substances in their saliva to counteract vertebrate host haemostasis events such as coagulation, vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation. To investigate the bioactive salivary molecules of the triatomine bug Triatoma brasiliensis, we produced subtraction‐enriched cDNAs of salivary‐gland specific genes using suppression subtractive hybridization. Six full‐length differentially expressed cDNAs (Tb113, Tb125, Tb152, Tb169, Tb180 and Tb198) were selected, cloned and sequenced. Sequence similarity searches of the databases using the putative amino acid sequence of our clones gave the following results: Tb152 – Triabin, an antithrombin induced platelet aggregation factor found in salivary gland extracts of T. pallidipennis. Tb169 – Pallidipin, an anticollagen induced platelet aggregation factor also found in T. pallidipennis salivary homogenates. Tb180 – Procalin, the major allergen of T. protracta saliva. The other three salivary‐gland specific cDNAs produced no obvious homologies. Comparison of these salivary gland‐specific cDNAs of with those of other triatomines combined with functional studies using recombinant proteins will allow a better understanding of the co‐evolutionary process occurring between these insects and their vertebrate hosts, and may also lead to the discovery of novel antihaemostatic agents.
Cure behaviour of visible light‐activated pattern materials
Authors: Whitworth J. M. , Makhani S. H. S. , McCabe J. F. 
Published: March 2003

Aim This study tested the hypothesis that the cure behaviour (depth of cure and polymerization contraction) of light‐activated pattern materials was no worse than that of light‐activated composite resins, allowing them to be handled in a similar fashion.Methodology Depth of cure was measured by a penetrometer method.Results Cure depths were comparable to those of composite resins, ranging from 3.52mm (Lumin‐X paste) to 6.76mm (Visioform) after visible lightactivation for 30s. There were significant differences in the depth of cure of the three materials tested (P0.001). Polymerization contraction was assessed by a minimal load transducer method. Values ranged from 0.45% (Lumin‐X paste) to 1.89% (Visioform), lower than that of composite resins. There were significant differences in the polymerization contraction values for each of the three materials (P0.001).Conclusions It was concluded that light‐activated pattern materials cure in a manner comparable to composite resins, and may be built up incrementally in a similar fashion.
Canal shapes produced sequentially during instrumentation with Quantec LX rotary nickel‐titanium instruments: a study in simulated canals
Authors: Griffiths I. T. , Bryant S. T. , Dummer P. M. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the shaping ability of Quantec LX nickel‐titanium rotary instruments in simulated root canals.MethodologyForty simulated canals consisting of four different shapes in terms of angle and position of curvature were prepared with Quantec LX instruments. Sequential still images were taken of the canals using a video camera attached to a computer with image analysis software. Images were taken preoperatively; after, instrument 7 (Size 25, 0.05 taper), instrument 8 (size 25, 0.06 taper), and instrument 10 (size 45, 0.02 taper) were taken to length. Each sequential postoperative image was superimposed individually over the preoperative image in order to highlight the amount and position of material removed during preparation. Intra‐canal impressions after preparation to size 10 were taken to evaluate three‐dimensional canal form.ResultsOverall, the mean preparation time to size 10 was 4.7 min; canal shape did not have a significant effect on speed of preparation. No instruments fractured within the canal, but 7 instruments separated from the latch grip, and a further 3 instruments deformed. All canals remained patent. Following preparation to size 10, 29 canals (72%) retained their length, 7 (17%) lost length, and 4 gained length; the magnitude of the change in length was always below 1 mm. Zips were created in 3 canals (7%) after use of size 10 instruments, but no perforations or danger zones were produced. Excess removal of material along the outer aspect of the curve between the beginning of the curve and the end‐point (outer widening) was found in 22 canals (55%) after instrument 7, in 30 (75%) canals after size 8 and in 35 canals (88%) after size 10. There was a significant difference (P < 0.0001) between canal shapes for the incidence of this aberration at all sizes.ConclusionsUnder the conditions of the study, Quantec LX instruments tended to remove excess material from the outside of the curve between the beginning of the curve and the end‐point. These aberrations increased in prevalence and severity following the use of larger instruments when they were taken to length. Size 8, 9 and 10 Quantec LX instruments should be used with care and short of length, especially in severely curved canals.
Calcium hydroxide in endodontic retreatment after two nonsurgical and two surgical failures: report of a case
Authors: Fava L. R. G. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Aim To describe the role of calcium hydroxide in infection control during complex endodontic retreatment. Summary A case is presented in which two conventional endodontic treatments and two surgical interventions failed to bring periapical healing. Despite this history, a further conventional treatment augmented by long‐term disinfection with calcium hydroxide finally delivered a successful outcome. Key learning points

Periapical healing follows proper intracanal infection control.
Despite repeated surgical and nonsurgical intervention, careful retreatment can often bring healing.
Calcium hydroxide has long‐acting antimicrobial and soft‐tissue dissolving activity. It is a helpful adjunct in endodontic retreatment.
The influence of specialty training and experience on decision making in endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning
Authors: McCaul L. K. , McHugh S. , Saunders W. P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic and treatment‐planning decision making of cohorts of dental surgeons with different experiences and specialty backgrounds.MethodologyPeriapical radiographs of 20 teeth in patients referred for an opinion regarding the provision of endodontic surgical retreatment were taken using a paralleling technique and a film holder. The radiographs were photographed and black and white photographic prints produced to provide an image 10.5 times larger than the original radiograph. Each image was related to a clinical scenario. Each participant was asked to assess whether a periradicular lesion, as manifested by a radiolucency, was present and what clinical management would be prescribed. Ten participants in each of seven groups took part in the study. These groups were chosen to represent those dentists who were most likely to be involved in decision making in similar cases.ResultsIn 12 out of 20 cases interobserver agreement for radiographic analysis was ‘excellent’ (above 90%) or ‘good’ (between 70 and 90%). There was less agreement for treatment decisions than for radiographic analysis and the order of agreement for cases for diagnosis was not the same as for treatment. No case achieved ‘excellent’ percentage interobserver agreement. The average percentage interobserver agreement of the endodontists was significantly greater than the average percentage interobserver agreement for the other groups for both radiographic assessment and treatment decisions.ConclusionsDifferences in specialty backgrounds amongst the participants in this study affected both endodontic diagnostic and treatment decisions. Endodontists showed the most consistent agreement amongst the specialty groups.
Endodontic and periodontal treatments of a geminated mandibular first premolar
Authors: Aryanpour S. , Bercy P. , Van Nieuwenhuysen J.‐P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim  To describe a rare case of gemination involving a mandibular first premolar.Summary The complex morphology of geminated teeth renders their endodontic and periodontal management difficult. Root canal and periodontal treatments were performed on a geminated mandibular first premolar with three canals. Clinical examination showed two separated crowns with united roots. Radiographically, two distinct pulp chambers with two joined and a third independent canal were seen. Conventional root canal treatment resulted in complete healing of the apical lesion. However, the occurrence of a vertical fracture led to the extraction of the mesial segment. At the follow‐up visit, the distal segment was clinically healthy and continued to satisfy functional demands.Key learning points

Failure to diagnose the initial crack along a gemination groove resulted in further propagation and finally complete vertical fracture.
Owing to the abnormal morphology of the crown and the complexity of the root canal system in geminated teeth, treatment protocols require special attention.
For asymptomatic cases without aesthetic or orthodontic problems and without associated pathosis, routine review and careful maintenance are required.
Prodromal herpes zoster – a diagnostic challenge in endodontics
Authors: Fristad I. , Bårdsen A. , Knudsen G. C. , Molven O. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Fristad I, Bårdsen A, Knudsen GC, Molven O. Prodromal herpes zoster – a diagnostic challenge in endodontics. International Endodontic Journal, 35, 1012–1017, 2002.This case report highlights the diagnostic challenge that herpes zoster represents if pain develops in the prodromal stage. A 58‐year‐old male presented with pain in the left maxilla. The symptoms had lasted for 7 months. The first premolar had been extracted soon after the onset, and the second premolar root filled shortly thereafter. Symptoms were experienced as sudden pain attacks lasting for several hours and analgesics gave some pain relief. Clinical examination showed that the second premolar was tender to percussion. No sinus tract or swelling were present. Radiographic examination showed previously root‐filled second premolar and first molar teeth, and no evidence of apical pathosis. Due to the uncertainty about the quality of the root filling in the second premolar and incomplete root filling in the first molar, retreatment was started prior to prosthetic treatment in the region. The pain continued and became more intense during the treatment. A diagnosis of herpes zoster was determined, when an acute attack with oedema and vesicles occurred, 2 months after retreatment was started. In the present case, therefore, the primary attack presented itself after months and the herpes zoster diagnosis could not be made until then.Key learning points

A long lasting prodromal stage is an unusual event.
Symptoms combined with inadequate technical standard of root fillings may confuse the diagnostics.
No available data support or suggest the use of antiviral treatment as a diagnostic tool.
A comparison of the NADPH oxidase in human sperm and white blood cells
Authors: Armstrong Jeffrey S. , Bivalacqua Trinity J. , Chamulitrat Walee , Sikka Suresh , Hellstrom Wayne J. G. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in human sperm has recently been found to depend upon a novel NADPH‐oxidase (NOX5) resembling the multicomponent NADPH‐oxidase of white blood cells (WBCs). The purpose of our study was to compare the ROS producing activity of NOX5 in sperm and NADPH‐oxidase of WBCs, and to investigate the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in NOX5 activation. A combination of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), chemiluminescence (CL), and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye reduction were used to monitor ROS production by sperm. The involvement of PKC in NOX5 activation was investigated using myristate acetate (PMA), and the PKC inhibitor GF‐109203X. The presence of b cytochrome in NOX5 was investigated by spectrophotometry. PMA‐stimulated WBCs produced superoxide dismutase – inhibitable EPR signals for both superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. Sperm did not produce these spectra with or without PMA stimulation. WBCs generated significantly increased levels of CL and reduced NBT after PMA stimulation; whereas sperm did not increase the CL response or reduce NBT. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in WBCs were significantly reduced after PMA stimulation, whereas sperm ATP levels did not change. The characteristic spectra of b cytochrome observed after dithionite reduction of WBCs was not observed with sperm under similar conditions. These results indicate that the ROS producing activity of NOX5 is significantly lower than the WBC NADPH‐oxidase, and suggest that the activation mechanism of NOX5 in sperm is independent of PKC.
The safety and efficacy of treatment with air abrasion technology
Authors: Wright G.Z. , Hatibovic‐Kofman S. , Millenaar D.W. , Braverman I. 
Published: March 2003

Aims. To evaluate patient and operator exposure to respirable particulates following the use of air abrasion in tooth preparation, and to compare the microleakage of pit and fissure sealants after conventional, bur and air abrasion preparation of the pits and fisures. Methods. To examine air abrasion safety, sampling data were collected using a physical model of the upper torso of a patient. Previously extracted bovine incisors were prepared using an air abrasion instrument. Patient and operator exposure samples were collected. The variables examined included the size of the alumina oxide particles, the speed of particle delivery and the method of dust collection. To assess the efficacy of air abrasion, 36 extracted human molars were divided into three groups. The groups were prepared by conventional acid etching, opening the pits and fissures with a round bur, or by air abrasion. To simulate oral conditions, sealed teeth were immersed in artificial saliva and thermocycled. Teeth were immersed in a 1% solution of methylene blue and sectioned to assess the microleakage associated with each sealant. Conclusions. (1) Dust from the KCP 1000 is insufficient to be a health hazard to patients or operators, (2) chair‐side suction can be used as an alternative to the KCP 1000 suction, (3) superior sealants were obtained when tooth surfaces were prepared by a bur, compared to air abrasion and conventionally prepared surfaces, and (4) air abrasion tooth surfaces demonstrated less microleakage than conventionally prepared tooth surfaces.
Urinary fluoride excretion in children drinking fluoridated school milk
Authors: Ketley C.E. , Lennon M.A. 
Published: March 2003

Summary.
Objective. To determine fluoride excretion under various conditions of fluoride intake and to estimate the fractional urinary excretion of fluoride in individual children participating in a school milk fluoridation scheme. Design. In the first part of the study, individual urine samples were collected from each of eight 4 to 5‐year‐old children for a continuous period of 55 h. For each child (n = 8) and for each day (n = 3) the maximum urinary fluoride concentration (p.p.m.F), the maximum fluoride excretion rate (μgF/h) and the total daily fluoride excretion (mg) were calculated. The second part of the study was carried out to determine the 24 h fractional percentage of fluoride excreted following administration of a known dose of fluoride in the absence of other sources. Results. Under usual conditions of fluoride intake (i.e. milk containing 0·5 mg fluoride, customary diet and toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste) the children’s daily fluoride excretion was 0·33 mg. The fractional urinary fluoride excretion of a 0·5‐mg fluoride tablet was 30%. Conclusions. It is concluded that the children’s mean 24 h fluoride excretion was somewhere between that reported in low fluoride conditions and that reported in optimally fluoridated areas. The fractional urinary fluoride excretion was found to be in agreement with the findings of other workers.
Dental attendance and dental health behaviour in children from deprived and non‐deprived areas of Salford, North‐West England
Authors: Eckersley A.J. , Blinkhorn F.A. 
Published: March 2003

Aims. Firstly, to investigate reported oral health behaviours and changes in behaviour of 3‐year‐old children in deprived and non‐deprived wards of Salford, UK. Secondly, to examine differences in this behaviour between symptomatic and non‐symptomatic attenders. Thirdly, to note sources of dental health advice given to parents. Design. Interviews using structured questionnaires. Setting. Play groups and nurseries in Salford, North‐West England. Method. Interviews with representative groups of mothers of 3‐year‐old children attending play groups and nurseries in selected deprived and non‐deprived wards, enquiring about dental attendance, dental health behaviour and changes in these resulting from dental advice. Results. Mothers of 284 children were interviewed. Over three‐quarters of the children were reported to have a drink or food at bed‐time, or during the night, often containing non‐milk extrinsic sugars (NMES); more in the deprived wards. All parents reported a tooth brushing habit with over 90% using a fluoride toothpaste, those in non‐deprived wards beginning earlier in life and brushing more frequently. Most parents claimed that their children had seen a dentist at some time; more in the non‐deprived wards. More children in deprived wards were symptomatic attenders sometimes experiencing extractions under general anaesthesia. More parents in deprived wards remembered receiving dental health advice from the dental team and were more inclined to act on that advice. Conclusion. Children from deprived wards were reported to have different dental health habits from those from non‐deprived wards. They were more likely to be fed NMES in food and drinks at bedtime, begin brushing later in life and brush less frequently and attend the dentist symptomatically. Their parents claimed to have received more dental health advice from the dental team and were more likely to act on that advice.
Perceptions of care and services by the clients and families: a personal experience
Authors: Wallace Thérèse , Robertson Erica , Millar Carmen , Frisch Sara R. 
Published: March 2003

Perceptions of care and services by the clients and families: a personal experience This study was initiated in response to a provincial mental health policy emphasizing the primacy of the person and the hospital's decision to adopt total quality management. The objective of the project was to learn more about how clients and families viewed the care and services received during a psychiatric admission. Their perceptions were elicited through seven focus groups including multiple admission (3) clients and families of single and multiple admission clients (2 each). Group sessions were tape‐recorded, transcribed and analysed for themes. Three major themes were identified: quantity and quality of care, individuality and partnership. Both positive and negative comments were made within each of these themes, but two major areas for improvement were continuity of care and the environment. The findings are being used to change practices within the Department of Psychiatry.
An evaluation of the nurse practitioner role in a major rural emergency department
Authors: Chang Esther , Daly John , Hawkins Anne , McGirr Joe , Fielding Kerin , Hemmings Lynne , O’Donoghue Anne , Dennis Margaret 
Published: March 2003

An evaluation of the nurse practitioner role in a major rural emergency department The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate whether nurse practitioners are able to provide a level of primary health service applicable to remote/isolated settings in wound management and treatment of blunt limb trauma. It was hypothesized that there would be no significant difference in the quality of care, or the level of client satisfaction, provided by the medical officers and the nurse practitioners in the study. Two groups participated in the study, nurse practitioners and medical officers. The study used a randomized trial design. Data were collected using quantitative and qualitative methods. Two hundred and thirty‐two clients participated in the study. Of this number 63 were supervized cases in the pilot trial. In the randomized trial participants were distributed between nurse practitioners and medical officers (n = 169), of which 91 were randomized to medical officers and 78 to nurse practitioners. Telephone interviews were conducted to evaluate client satisfaction. The majority of study participants were surveyed for client satisfaction (n = 132). This represents approximately 78% of the randomized sample and multivariate analysis was carried out on the data. Study results indicate that there were no significant differences between the two groups in relation to client satisfaction. Very positive outcomes of treatment were consistent across groups in the study. The study also found that there was strong support for the role of the nurse practitioner in the rural emergency setting. Recommendations include further research to measure the efficacy of nurse practitioners utilizing the selected competencies in remote/isolated settings.
Family members’ experience of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy disease — an infernal struggle and a fact of life
Authors: Jonsén Elisabeth , Athlin Elsy , Suhr Ole B. 
Published: March 2003

Family members’ experience of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy disease — an infernal struggle and a fact of life Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy is a fatal, hereditary, systemic, progressive amyloidosis. No previous qualitative study of the family members’ experience of the disease has been published. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand the lived experience of family members whose nearest and dearest suffered from familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. In‐depth interviews were conducted with six family members. The analysis of the data was inspired by Colaizzi’s method. Two major theme categories, difficult to accept and forced to accept, emerged from the interviews. Implications for nursing practice, such as genetic counselling and support, are discussed.