bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La judicialización de la política y el control constitucional en modelos híbridos restringidos: el activismo judicial por “defecto” de ParaguayThe judicialization of politics and judicial review in restricted hybrid models: judicial activism by “default” in Paraguay
Authors: Castagnola Andrea , Pérez-Liñán Aníbal 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Does the institutional design of constitutional review affect the judicialization of politics and judicial behavior? Traditionally, political factors and the personal characteristics of judges are considered the main explanations for judicial behavior, often overlooking the role of institutional design. This article examines the “restricted hybrid” model of constitutional review in Paraguay, a country with low political polarization due to party hegemony, yet marked by judicial activism. The analysis of the Constitutional Chamber between 1995 and 2015 reveals that the restricted hybrid design influences judges voting behavior, suggesting that judicial activism is not necessarily a deliberate strategy but an unintended consequence of the institutional design. In contexts of low polarization and restricted constitutional review, like in Paraguay, judges have shown deference to strong presidents but not to strong congresses.
Population-Level Impact of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination on the Incidence of Genital Warts in Sweden
Authors: Astorga Alsina Ana Martina , Herweijer Eva , Lei Jiayao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Sweden introduced human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in 2006 via opportunistic, subsidized, catch-up, and school-based programs. Notably, genital warts (GW) are the first observable clinical outcome following HPV-6/11 infection, the strains targeted by vaccination. We aim to assess the incidence of GW in Sweden and its change throughout vaccination programs.

Methods
This ecological study used Swedish registers to obtain national population data and cases of GW from 2006 to 2018 in 15- to 44-year-old men and women. We used Poisson models to estimate GW incidence change after vaccination compared to a prevaccination period, stratified by age and sex, and incidence change of GW in birth cohorts eligible for vaccination compared to a prevaccination cohort. Finally, we estimated GW cases averted in each vaccinated cohort.

Results
The incidence of GW decreased during periods following HPV vaccination. In 2016–2018, over a decade after vaccination availability, incidence decreased by 89% (95% confidence interval [CI], 83%–93%), 73% (95% CI, 71%–75%), 50% (95% CI, 43%–56%), and 20% (95% CI, 10%–28%) in women aged 15–19, 20–24, 25–29, and 30–34 years, respectively. A similar reduction was observable in men, although of lower magnitude. We estimated 18 890 and 12 343 GW cases averted among vaccinated cohorts of women and men, respectively.

Conclusions
We report on population-level decreases of GW incidence in women and men following increased vaccination coverage. Cohorts eligible for school-based vaccination recorded the largest decrease in GW incidence in Sweden to date. For the period under study, decreases among men could be attributed to herd effects.
Role of RGD-binding Integrins in ovarian cancer progression, metastasis and response to therapy
Authors: Ranga Vipin , Dakal Tikam Chand , Maurya Pawan Kumar , Johnson Mark S , Sharma Narendra Kumar , Kumar Abhishek 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that play a crucial role in cell adhesion and signaling by connecting the extracellular environment to the intracellular cytoskeleton. After binding with specific ligands in the extracellular matrix (ECM), integrins undergo conformational changes that transmit signals across the cell membrane. The integrin-mediated bidirectional signaling triggers various cellular responses, such as changes in cell shape, migration and proliferation. Irregular integrin expression and activity are closely linked to tumor initiation, angiogenesis, cell motility, invasion, and metastasis. Thus, understanding the intricate regulatory mechanism is essential for slowing cancer progression and preventing carcinogenesis. Among the four classes of integrins, the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-binding integrins stand out as the most crucial integrin receptor subfamily in cancer and its metastasis. Dysregulation of almost all RGD-binding integrins promotes ECM degradation in ovarian cancer, resulting in ovarian carcinoma progression and resistance to therapy. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that targeting these integrins with therapeutic antibodies and ligands, such as RGD-containing peptides and their derivatives, can enhance the precision of these therapeutic agents in treating ovarian cancer. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic agents is essential for treating ovarian cancer. This review mainly discusses genes and their importance across different ovarian cancer subtypes, the involvement of RGD motif-containing ECM proteins in integrin-mediated signaling in ovarian carcinoma, ongoing, completed, partially completed, and unsuccessful clinical trials of therapeutic agents, as well as existing limitations and challenges, advancements made so far, potential strategies, and directions for future research in the field.
Insight Box Integrin-mediated signaling regulates cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. Dysregulated integrin expression and activity promote tumor growth and dissemination. Thus, a proper understanding of this complex regulatory mechanism is essential to delay cancer progression and prevent carcinogenesis. Notably, integrins binding to RGD motifs play an important role in tumor initiation, evolution, and metastasis. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that therapeutic agents, such as antibodies and small molecules with RGD motifs, target RGD-binding integrins and disrupt their interactions with the ECM, thereby inhibiting ovarian cancer proliferation and migration. Altogether, this review highlights the potential of RGD-binding integrins in providing new insights into the progression and metastasis of ovarian cancer and how these integrins have been utilized to develop effective treatment plans.
Unraveling the influence of microbial necromass on subsurface microbiomes: metabolite utilization and community dynamics
Authors: Finley Brianna K , Enalls Brandon C , de Raad Markus , Al Said Mariam , Chen Mingfei , Joyner Dominique C , Hazen Terry C , Northen Trent R , Chakraborty Romy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The role of microbial necromass (nonliving microbial biomass), a significant component of belowground organic carbon, in nutrient cycling and its impact on the dynamics of microbial communities in subsurface systems remains poorly understood. It is currently unclear whether necromass metabolites from various microbes are different, whether certain groups of metabolites are preferentially utilized over others, or whether different microbial species respond to various necromass metabolites. In this study, we aimed to fill these knowledge gaps by designing enrichments with necromass as the sole nutrient source for subsurface microbial communities. We used the soluble fraction of necromass from bacterial isolates belonging to Arthrobacter, Agrobacterium, and Pseudomonas genera, and our results indicate that metabolite composition of necromass varied slightly across different strains but generally included amino acids, organic acids, and nucleic acid constituents. Arthrobacter-derived necromass appeared more recalcitrant. Necromass metabolites enriched diverse microbial genera, particularly Massilia sp. responded quickly regardless of the necromass source. Despite differences in necromass utilization, microbial community composition converged rapidly over time across the three different necromass amendments. Uracil, xanthine, valine, and phosphate-containing isomers were generally depleted over time, indicating microbial assimilation for maintenance and growth. However, numerous easily assimilable metabolites were not significantly depleted, suggesting efficient necromass recycling and the potential for necromass stabilization in systems. This study highlights the dynamic interactions between microbial necromass metabolites and subsurface microbial communities, revealing both selective utilization and rapid community and necromass convergence regardless of the necromass source.
Effects of multienzyme supplementation on energy and nutrient digestibility in various feed ingredients for pregnant gilts
Authors: Shipman Garrin L , Perez-Palencia Jorge Y , Hong Jinsu , Niu Yanxing , Rogiewicz Anna , Patterson Rob , Levesque Crystal L 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The utilization of exogenous fiber-degrading enzymes in commercial swine diets is a strategy to increase the nutrient and energy density of poorly digestible ingredients. In a prior set of studies, dietary multienzyme blend (MEblend) supplementation increased the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, and energy in complete high-fibrous gestation diets by 6% when fed to gestating sows. The current study aimed to determine the effects of MEblend (containing xylanase, β-glucanase, cellulase, amylase, protease, pectinase, and invertase activities) supplementation on ATTD of energy and nutrients of individual feedstuffs commonly used in gestating sow diets across major pork-producing regions worldwide, which differ in their fibrous components. Twenty-seven gilts (initial body weight 176 ± 6.6 kg), in a crossover design with four periods (periods 1, 2, 3, and 4 from d 41 to 55, 56 to 70, 71 to 85, and 86 to 100 of gestation, respectively), were allocated to one of 7 diets (with or without MEblend supplementation at 0.1% inclusion; 7-8 observations per treatment) to determine the ATTD of energy and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Three diets contained corn, wheat, and sorghum as the sole source of energy. In the other diets, soybean meal (SBM), field peas (FP), canola meal (CM), and sugar beet pulp (SBP) each replaced 25% of the corn in the corn diet to determine the energy value of individual feedstuffs. Data were analyzed using a Student’s t-test to evaluate the effect of enzyme supplementation on these feedstuffs. The MEblend increased the metabolizable and net energy of corn (P = 0.10) and wheat (P &lt; 0.01) by 2% and 3%, respectively. The energy content of sorghum was not impacted by MEblend. Furthermore, a 6%, 4%, and 25% increase was observed in metabolizable and net energy of SBM, FP, and CM, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). The energy value in SBP was not affected by MEblend supplementation. In conclusion, supplementing diets with a multienzyme blend increased the energy content of corn, wheat, soybean meal, field peas, and canola meal fed to gestating sows by approximately 2% to 25%, depending on the feedstuffs. The energy value of sorghum and sugar beet pulp was not affected by the multienzyme blend. This should be considered when formulating fibrous diets for gestating sows to increase nutrient utilization of feedstuffs.
The price of remoteness: product availability and local cost of living in Ethiopia
Authors: Martin Julien , Mayneris Florian , Theophile Ewane 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We use the microdata underlying the Ethiopian consumer price index to examine the spatial dispersion in local prices and availability of 401 items across 106 cities. Remote cities face higher prices and have access to fewer products. Large cities also face higher individual prices but enjoy access to a wider set of products. To assess the welfare implications of these patterns, we aggregate the data and build spatial cost-of-living indexes that account for both the price of available products and product availability. The cost of living is higher in remote and large cities. Moving from the first to the ninth decile in terms of remoteness (holding population size constant) results in an 8.3 per cent increase in the cost of living. A comparable move in terms of population size (holding remoteness constant) leads to a 3.7 per cent increase in the cost of living.
What every neuropathologist needs to know: Update on neuro infectious disease workups and consultation resources
Authors: Kenyon Alicia L , Solomon Isaac H 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Efficient histopathological diagnosis of central nervous system infections can be challenging but is critical for therapeutic decision making in cases for which less invasive blood or cerebrospinal fluid testing has been unrevealing. A wide variety of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites can cause infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Histological findings may be nonspecific or overlap with noninfectious inflammatory conditions. To minimize wasted tissue and time, a systematic approach is recommended in which: (1) relevant patient history (eg, comorbidities, travel and other exposures, and immune status) and radiological findings are reviewed, (2) a preliminary differential diagnosis based on this information and on inflammatory patterns and visualization of potential microorganisms on hematoxylin and eosin stains is generated, (3) special stains, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, or molecular testing (pathogen-specific or broad-spectrum) are used for confirmation and further classification, and (4) correlation with culture results and other laboratory testing is performed to arrive at a final integrated diagnosis. Discrepancies between molecular and histological findings are often due to contamination and require careful evaluation to avoid treatment of false positives. Consultation with infectious disease pathologists or public health reference laboratories may be needed to confirm diagnoses of unusual organisms or when specialized testing is required.
Retrospective Investigation of Pediatric Histoplasmosis Diagnosed at a Tertiary Children’s Hospital in an Endemic Area over 11 years
Authors: Al-Tahhan Lina , Harrison Christopher J , Lee Brian R , El Feghaly Rana E 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Most histoplasmosis data are from adults. We describe pediatric histoplasmosis diagnosed at a tertiary pediatric care center in an endemic area.

Methods
We performed a retrospective chart review of patients birth-18 years seen in our institution (January 1, 2010 – August 15, 2022) with histoplasmosis identified by International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes. We performed descriptive and univariate analyses of demographic, historical, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data.

Results
Of 122 patients, 26 had disseminated DH, 71 pulmonary/thoracic (P/T) disease, 21 had histoplasmosis as an incidental finding, and 4 were classified as other. Median age was 14 years (range 0.3-18.7 y); most were non-Hispanic White (70.5%) and city dwellers (77.1%). We noted neither seasonality nor disease category differences for age, race and ethnicity, residence, or environmental factors. Compared to P/T, DH more frequently had complex chronic conditions (73.1% vs 12.7%, p&lt;0.001), fever (88.5% vs 52.1%, p&lt;0.001), fatigue (76.9% vs 46.5%, p=0.01), vomiting (53.8% vs 25.3%, p=0.01), anemia (hemoglobin median 10.05 g/dL vs 12.5 g/dL, p&lt;0.001), elevated sedimentation rate values (median 31 mm/h vs 29 mm/h, p=0.02), blood and urine Histoplasma antigen detection (63.6/84.6% vs 20.0/14.8%, p&lt;0.001), and antifungal treatment (100% vs 70.4%, p&lt;0.001). Patients with DH had longer antifungal treatment courses (399d vs 84d, p&lt;0.001). Exposures were rarely recorded, but the most common was chickens. Chest radiographs were less likely to show adenopathy in DH compared to P/T (8.7% vs 55%, p&lt;0.001).

Conclusion
Presentations, risk factors, diagnostics use/results, and therapy for pediatric histoplasmosis most often parallel those in adults.
A changepoint approach to modelling nonstationary soil moisture dynamics
Authors: Gong Mengyi , Killick Rebecca , Nemeth Christopher , Quinton John 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Soil moisture dynamics provide an indicator of soil health that scientists model via drydown curves. The typical modelling process requires the soil moisture time series to be manually separated into drydown segments and then exponential decay models are fitted to them independently. Sensor development in recent years means that experiments that were previously conducted over a few field campaigns can now be scaled to months or years at a higher sampling rate. To better meet the challenge of increasing data size, this paper proposes a novel changepoint-based approach to automatically identify structural changes in the soil drying process and simultaneously estimate the drydown parameters that are of interest to soil scientists. A simulation study is carried out to demonstrate the performance of the method in detecting changes and retrieving model parameters. Practical aspects of the method such as adding covariates and penalty learning are discussed. The method is applied to hourly soil moisture time series from the National Ecological Observatory Network data portal to investigate the temporal dynamics of soil moisture drydown. We recover known relationships previously identified manually, alongside delivering new insights into the temporal variability across soil types and locations.
Vaccine-Induced Annular Atrophic Lichen Planus
Authors: Perz Curtis , Chittoor Jay , Grenier Liesel 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Annular atrophic lichen planus (AALP) is a chronic subtype of lichen planus that classically does not respond to treatment with topical steroids. An inflammatory reaction in the dermal infiltrate may play a role in the development of AALP, but the exact pathogenesis remains unclear. We present the case of a 54-year-old-female with lesions on her trunk and extremities that developed following vaccination. Her failed treatment response warranted further workup for AALP, which was confirmed around 1 year after initiation. Although vaccine-induced lichen planus is not common, it has been reported in various cases. We present a rare case of AALP following vaccination and then provide an in-depth discussion of factors associated with the condition and current treatment response.
Hemispheric asymmetry of coronal bright point’s number and area over solar cycles 23–24
Authors: Karachik Nina V , Minenko Ekaterina P 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Temporal variations in the number and area of coronal bright points (CBPs) were studied separately in the Northern and Southern hemispheres over more than two solar cycles (years 1996–2022). Hemispheric asymmetry was identified in both the total number and area of CBPs, with differences reaching up to 15 per cent. Statistical analysis using Student’s t-test confirms that these differences are statistically significant. The observed asymmetry arises from the asynchronous formation of CBPs in the hemispheres, rather than from the asymmetry of active regions. These variations in asymmetry are explained by the existence of two different types of CBP: ‘bright’ and ‘dim’. Differences in the asymmetry and overall number variations between these two types during solar cycles suggest distinct physical mechanisms underlying their formation. Bright CBPs closely follow the patterns of active regions, supporting the hypothesis that they are miniature active regions formed through similar mechanisms. In contrast, dim CBPs, predominantly located in quiet Sun regions, often display behaviour opposite to sunspots, partially attributable to the visibility effect and influence of active regions. However, the temporal variations in the normalized asymmetry index indicate that the visibility effect alone cannot fully explain the observed patterns. The relatively uniform asymmetry of dim CBPs across 11-yr solar cycles supports the hypothesis of a cycle-independent (or dependent on a longer period) component of the solar dynamo, potentially linked to a small-scale turbulent dynamo.
On the 3D transport of galactic cosmic rays in a selection of exoplanet-hosting astrospheres: the influence of stellar rotation
Authors: Light Juandrè , Engelbrecht N Eugene , Herbst Konstantin , Scherer K D 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) may influence the habitability of exoplanets. The recently proposed relationship between GCR intensities at exoplanetary locations and the rotation periods of their host stars is here investigated for several M-dwarf astrospheres, namely Proxima Centauri, TRAPPIST-1, GJ 436, and LHS1140, using a three-dimensional GCR modulation code. This relation, where higher GCR intensities result from enhanced particle transport along astrospheric magnetic fields that are underwound due to longer stellar rotation periods, is found to hold for the astrospheres considered here. The influence of the stellar rotation period on GCR intensities in a Sun-like astrosphere on Earth and Mars-like atmospheres is also investigated and found to directly influence atmospheric ionization and radiation exposure.
Two almost planetary mass survivors of common envelope evolution
Authors: Parsons S G , Brown A J , Casewell S L , Littlefair S P , van Roestel J , Rebassa-Mansergas A , Murillo-Ojeda R , Hollands M A , Zorotovic M , Castro Segura N , Dhillon V S , Dyer M J , Garbutt J A , Green M J , Jarvis D , Kennedy M R , Kerry P , McCormac J , Munday J , Pelisoli I , Pike E , Sahman D I 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
White dwarfs are often found in close binaries with stellar or even substellar companions. It is generally thought that these compact binaries form via common envelope evolution, triggered by the progenitor of the white dwarf expanding after it evolved off the main sequence and engulfing its companion. To date, a handful of white dwarfs in compact binaries with substellar companions have been found, typically with masses greater than around 50 MJup. Here, we report the discovery of two eclipsing white dwarf plus brown dwarf binaries containing very low mass brown dwarfs. ZTF J1828+2308 consists of a hot ($15900\pm 75$ K) $0.610\pm 0.004$ ${\rm M}_{\odot }$ white dwarf in a 2.7 h binary with a $0.0186\pm 0.0008$ ${\rm M}_{\odot }$ ($19.5\pm 0.8$ MJup) brown dwarf. ZTF J1230−2655 contains a cool ($10000\pm 110$ K) $0.65\pm 0.02$ ${\rm M}_{\odot }$ white dwarf in a 5.7 h binary with a companion that has a mass of less than 0.0211 ${\rm M}_{\odot }$ (22.1 MJup). While the brown dwarf in ZTF J1828+2308 has a radius consistent with its mass and age, ZTF J1230−2655 contains a roughly 20 per cent overinflated brown dwarf for its age. We are only able to reconstruct the common envelope phase for either system if it occurred after the first thermal pulse, when the white dwarf progenitor had already lost a significant fraction of its original mass. This is true even for very high common envelope ejection efficiencies ($\alpha _\mathrm{CE}\sim 1$), unless both systems have extremely low metallicities. It may be that the lowest mass companions can only survive a common envelope phase if it occurs at this very late stage.