bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergence and divergence in science and practice of urban and rural forest restoration
Authors: Romanelli João P. , Piana Max R. , Klaus Valentin H. , Brancalion Pedro H. S. , Murcia Carolina , Cardou Françoise , Wallace Kiri Joy , Adams Cristina , Martin Philip A. , Burton Philip J. , Diefenderfer Heida L. , Gornish Elise S. , Stanturf John , Beyene Menilek , Santos João Paulo Bispo , Rodrigues Ricardo R. , Cadotte Marc W. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTForest restoration has never been higher on policymakers' agendas. Complex and multi‐dimensional arrangements across the urban–rural continuum challenge restorationists and require integrative approaches to strengthen environmental protection and increase restoration outcomes. It remains unclear if urban and rural forest restoration are moving towards or away from each other in practice and research, and whether comparing research outcomes can help stakeholders to gain a clearer understanding of the interconnectedness between the two fields. This study aims to identify the challenges and opportunities for enhancing forest restoration in both urban and rural systems by reviewing the scientific evidence, engaging with key stakeholders and using an urban–rural forest restoration framework. Using the Society for Ecological Restoration's International Principles as discussion topics, we highlight aspects of convergence and divergence between the two fields to broaden our understanding of forest restoration and promote integrative management approaches to address future forest conditions. Our findings reveal that urban and rural forest restoration have convergent and divergent aspects. We emphasise the importance of tailoring goals and objectives to specific contexts and the need to design different institutions and incentives based on the social and ecological needs and goals of stakeholders in different regions. Additionally, we discuss the challenges of achieving high levels of ecological restoration and the need to go beyond traditional ecology to plan, implement, monitor, and adaptively manage restored forests. We suggest that rivers and watersheds could serve as a common ground linking rural and urban landscapes and that forest restoration could interact with other environmental protection measures. We note the potential for expanding the creative vision associated with increasing tree‐containing environments in cities to generate more diverse and resilient forest restoration outcomes in rural settings. This study underscores the value of integrative management approaches in addressing future forest conditions across the urban–rural continuum. Our framework provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and decision‐makers to advance the field of forest restoration and address the challenges of restoration across the urban–rural continuum. The rural–urban interface serves as a convergence point for forest restoration, and both urban and rural fields can benefit from each other's expertise.
The knockdown of lncRNA DLGAP1‐AS2 suppresses osteosarcoma progression by inhibiting aerobic glycolysis via the miR‐451a/HK2 axis
Authors: Zheng Changjun , Li Ronghang , Zheng Shuang , Fang Hongjuan , Xu Meng , Zhong Lei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most aggressive bone tumors worldwide. Emerging documents have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) elicit crucial regulatory functions in the process of tumorigenesis. LncRNA DLGAP1‐AS2 is recognized as a regulator in several types of cancers, but its biological functions and molecular mechanisms in OS remain to be elucidated. RT‐qPCR and In situ hybridization (ISH) were used to evaluate DLGAP1‐AS2 expression in OS samples. Western blotting was used for the measurement of the protein levels of hexokinase 2 (HK2) and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related markers. The proliferation of OS cells was determined using a CCK‐8 assay and EdU assay. TUNEL assay and flow cytometry were performed to assess OS cell apoptosis. Glucose metabolism in vitro assays were used. The binding relations among miR‐451a, HK2, and DLGAP1‐AS2 were validated by luciferase reporter assay. The cellular distribution of DLGAP1‐AS2 in OS cells was determined by FISH and subcellular fractionation assays. Mouse xenograft models were established to perform the experiments in vivo. We found that DLGAP1‐AS2 expression was upregulated in OS tissues and cells. Downregulation of DLGAP1‐AS2 expression suppressed the malignancy of OS cells by restraining cell proliferation, the EMT process, invasiveness, migration, and aerobic glycolysis and accelerating apoptotic behaviors. Of note, silenced DLGAP1‐AS2 restrained tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. However, DLGAP1‐AS2 overexpression accelerated the progression of OS. We further found that DLGAP1‐AS2 upregulation was induced by hypoxia and low glucose. Additionally, DLGAP1‐AS2 bound to miR‐451a to upregulate HK2 expression. Rescue assays revealed that the DLGAP1‐AS2/miR‐451a/HK2 axis contributed to OS cell malignancy by promoting aerobic glucose metabolism. Overall, these findings revealed a new regulatory pathway where DLGAP1‐AS2 upregulated HK2 expression by sponging miR‐451a to accelerate OS development.
Ethyl gallate concurrent administration protects against acetaminophen‐induced acute liver injury in mice: An in vivo and in silico approach
Authors: Ezhilarasan Devaraj , Shree Harini Karthik , Karthick Munusamy , Selvaraj Chandrabose 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAcetaminophen (APAP) in high doses causes acute liver injury and acute liver failure. Ethyl gallate (EG) is a natural polyphenol, possessing antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐microbial properties. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the protective role of EG against APAP‐induced acute liver injury in mice. Acute liver injury was induced by a single dose of APAP (400 mg/kg., i.p.). In separate groups, EG (10 mg/kg), EG (20 mg/kg), and N‐acetylcysteine (NAC; 1200 mg/kg., i.p.) were administered concurrently with APAP. The mice were sacrificed after 24 h of treatment. Liver marker enzymes of hepatotoxicity, antioxidant markers, inflammatory markers, and histopathological studies were done. APAP administration caused a significant elevation of marker enzymes of hepatotoxicity and lipid peroxidation. APAP administration also decreased enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants. Acute APAP intoxication induced nuclear factor κ B, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1, p65, and p52 and downregulated IκB gene expressions. Our histopathological studies have confirmed the presence of centrilobular necrosis, 24 h after APAP intoxication. All the above abnormalities were significantly inhibited in groups of mice that were concurrently administered with APAP + EG and APAP + NAC. Our in silico analysis further confirms that hydroxyl groups of EG interact with the above inflammatory proteins at the 3,4,5‐trihydroxybenzoic acid region. These effects of EG against APAP‐induced acute liver injury could be attributed to its antioxidative, free radical scavenging, and anti‐inflammatory potentials. Therefore, this study suggests that EG can be an efficient therapeutic approach to protect the liver from APAP intoxication.
Current insights and molecular docking studies of HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Authors: Singh Ankit Kumar , Kumar Adarsh , Arora Sahil , Kumar Raj , Verma Amita , Khalilullah Habibullah , Jaremko Mariusz , Emwas Abdul‐Hamid , Kumar Pradeep 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a lethal disease that is prevalent worldwide. According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) data, 38.4 million people worldwide were living with HIV in 2021. Viral reverse transcriptase (RT) is an excellent target for drug intervention. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) were the first class of approved antiretroviral drugs. Later, a new type of non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) were approved as anti‐HIV drugs. Zidovudine, didanosine, and stavudine are FDA‐approved NRTIs, while nevirapine, efavirenz, and delavirdine are FDA‐approved NNRTIs. Several agents are in clinical trials, including apricitabine, racivir, elvucitabine, doravirine, dapivirine, and elsulfavirine. This review addresses HIV‐1 structure, replication cycle, reverse transcription, and HIV drug targets. This study focuses on NRTIs and NNRTIs, their binding sites, mechanisms of action, FDA‐approved drugs and drugs in clinical trials, their resistance and adverse effects, their molecular docking studies, and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
Assessment of testicular function in boys and adolescents
Authors: Lopez Dacal Jimena , Castro Sebastián , Suco Sofía , Correa Brito Lourdes , Grinspon Romina P. , Rey Rodolfo A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe hypothalamic‐pituitary‐testicular axis is characterised by the existence of major functional changes from its establishment in fetal life until the end of puberty. The assessment of serum testosterone and gonadotrophins and semen analysis, typically used in the adult male, is not applicable during most of infancy and childhood. On the other hand, the disorders of gonadal axis have different clinical consequences depending on the developmental stage at which the dysfunction is established. This review addresses the approaches to evaluate the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐testicular axis in the newborn, during childhood and at pubertal age.DesignWe focused on the hormonal laboratory and genetic studies as well as on the clinical signs and imaging studies that guide the aetiological diagnosis and the functional status of the gonads.ResultsSerum gonadotrophin and testosterone determination is useful in the first 3–6 months after birth and at pubertal age, whereas AMH and inhibin B are useful biomarkers of testis function from birth until the end of puberty. Clinical and imaging signs are helpful to appraise testicular hormone actions during fetal and postnatal life.ConclusionsThe interpretation of results derived from the assessment of hypothalamic‐pituitary‐testicular in paediatric patients requires a comprehensive knowledge of the developmental physiology of the axis to understand its pathophysiology and reach an accurate diagnosis of its disorders.
Clinical features, diagnosis and treatment outcomes of Cushing's disease in children: A multicenter study
Authors: Tarçın Gürkan , Çatlı Gönül , Çetinkaya Semra , Eren Erdal , Kardelen Aslı Derya , Akıncı Ayşehan , Böber Ece , Kara Cengiz , Yıldırım Ruken , Er Eren , Polat Recep , Özhan Bayram , Yıldız Melek , Kor Yılmaz , Evliyaoğlu Olcay , Dündar Bumin , Ercan Oya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveSince Cushing's disease (CD) is less common in the paediatric age group than in adults, data on this subject are relatively limited in children. Herein, we aim to share the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic features of paediatric CD cases.DesignNational, multicenter and retrospective study.PatientsAll centres were asked to complete a form including questions regarding initial complaints, physical examination findings, diagnostic tests, treatment modalities and follow‐up data of the children with CD between December 2015 and March 2017.MeasurementsDiagnostic tests of CD and tumour size.ResultsThirty‐four patients (M:F = 16:18) from 15 tertiary centres were enroled. The most frequent complaint and physical examination finding were rapid weight gain, and round face with plethora, respectively. Late‐night serum cortisol level was the most sensitive test for the diagnosis of hypercortisolism and morning adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level to demonstrate the pituitary origin (100% and 96.8%, respectively). Adenoma was detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 70.5% of the patients. Transsphenoidal adenomectomy (TSA) was the most preferred treatment (78.1%). At follow‐up, 6 (24%) of the patients who underwent TSA were reoperated due to recurrence or surgical failure.ConclusionsHerein, national data of the clinical experience on paediatric CD have been presented. Our findings highlight that presenting complaints may be subtle in children, the sensitivities of the diagnostic tests are very variable and require a careful interpretation, and MRI fails to detect adenoma in approximately one‐third of cases. Finally, clinicians should be aware of the recurrence of the disease during the follow‐up after surgery.
Prophylactic antibiotics in septoplasty with intranasal septal splints: A comparative analysis
Authors: Zavdy Ofir , Nakache Gabriel , Alkan Uri , Hazan Alain , Reifen Ella , Ritter Amit 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesPostoperative antibiotic therapy is a common practice following septoplasty with intra‐septal splints placement (ISS), even though there is a lack of evidence to support it. We sought to investigate the role of antibiotic therapy in septal surgeries with the placement of ISS.DesignA retrospective comparative study was conducted using the electronic charts of adult patients who underwent septoplasty with the placement of ISS with or without turbinate reduction. Nasal cultures were taken routinely during surgery as part of the department's protocol for monitoring infectious diseases. The ISS were also routinely examined for the presence of bacteria after their removal on the eighth day following surgery.SettingA large otolaryngology department in a tertiary medical center.ParticipantsAdult patients who underwent septoplasty in our institution.Main outcome measuresWe analyzed all post‐operative infections to search for risk factors in the cohort.ResultsPost‐operative infection rates following septoplasty with ISS were low at 6%, which is consistent with previously published rates. Infection rates were significantly higher in patients who were not treated with antibiotics (OR = 8.2, 95%CI: 1.63–41.1; p = .01, φ = 0.04). Diabetes was associated with an increased risk of postoperative infection regardless of prophylactic antibiotic therapy (OR = 5.2, 95%CI: 1.15–23.5; p = .032, φ = .04). The detection of Klebsiella pneumonia before surgery was associated with an increased rate of postoperative infection (OR = 16.6, 95%CI: 3.02–91.54; p = .001, φ = 0.12).ConclusionsPatients undergoing septoplasty with the placement of ISS are at increased risk of gram‐negative bacterial colonisation, and development of postoperative nasal infection. A single preoperative dose of IV antibiotic therapy should be considered a potential prophylactic option for septoplasty with ISS.
Prevention and treatment of cisplatin‐induced ototoxicity in adults: A systematic review
Authors: Correa‐Morales Juan Esteban , Giraldo‐Moreno Sara , Mantilla‐Manosalva Nidia , Cuellar‐Valencia Laura , Borja‐Montes Oscar Felipe , Bedoya‐Muñoz Lennis Jazmin , Iriarte‐Aristizábal María Fernanda , Quintero‐Muñoz Elias , Zuluaga‐Liberato Andrea Marcela 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesOtotoxicity is a common disabling side effect of platinum‐based chemotherapy. This study aimed to assess the evidence on the management of platinum‐induced ototoxicity in adult cancer patients.MethodsFour databases were searched up to 1 November 2022. Original studies were included if they reported on a pharmacologic or non‐pharmacologic intervention to prevent or treat platinum ototoxicity in adults. The articles' quality was assessed via two grading scales.ResultsNineteen randomised controlled trials and five quasi‐experimental studies with 1673 patients were analysed. Eleven interventions were identified, nine pharmacological and two non‐pharmacological. Six of the interventions (sodium thiosulphate, corticoids, sertraline, statins, multivitamins and D‐methionine) showed mild benefits in preventing cisplatin‐induced ototoxicity. Only one trial assessed corticoids as a potential treatment. Overall, only six trials were deemed with a low risk of bias. The majority of studies inadequately documented intervention‐related adverse effects, thereby limiting safety conclusions.ConclusionsCurrent interventions have mild benefits in preventing cisplatin‐induced ototoxicity in adult cancer patients. Sodium thiosulphate is the most promising intervention as a preventive strategy. Rigorous, high‐quality research is warranted, encompassing an evaluation of all potential symptoms and innovative treatment modalities.
Does broadband affect local economic outcomes less than we thought? Micro evidence from Louisiana
Authors: Wagner Gary A. , Lee Hyun Ji 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHigh‐speed internet access is a core tenet of economic development strategies post‐COVID. While expanding access is linked to many positive benefits, evidence associating broadband to job growth and business formation is more mixed. This study expands the literature along several dimensions, most notably exploring how business download speeds affect employment, business formation, and survival at a microscale. Using conventional and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator instrumental variables strategies, with terrain features as instruments, we find consistent evidence that broadband speeds stimulate local development. However, our estimates are 60%–65% smaller than those from recent studies, suggesting that broadband may be less beneficial than previously assumed.
The Relative Importance of Target and Judge Characteristics in Shaping the Moral Circle
Authors: Jaeger Bastian , Wilks Matti 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPeople's treatment of others (humans, nonhuman animals, or other entities) often depends on whether they think the entity is worthy of moral concern. Recent work has begun to investigate which entities are included in a person's moral circle, examining how certain target characteristics (e.g., species category, perceived intelligence) and judge characteristics (e.g., empathy, political orientation) shape moral inclusion. However, the relative importance of target and judge characteristics in predicting moral inclusion remains unclear. When predicting whether a person will deem an entity worthy of moral consideration, how important is it to know who is making the judgment (i.e., characteristics of the judge), who is being judged (i.e., characteristics of the target), and potential interactions between the two factors? Here, we address this foundational question by conducting a variance component analysis of the moral circle. In two studies with participants from the Netherlands, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia (N = 836), we test how much variance in judgments of moral concern is explained by between‐target differences, between‐judge differences, and by the interaction between the two factors. We consistently find that all three components explain substantial amounts of variance in judgments of moral concern. Our findings provide two important insights. First, an increased focus on interactions between target and judge characteristics is needed, as these interactions explain as much variance as target and judge characteristics separately. Second, any theoretical account that aims to provide an accurate description of moral inclusion needs to consider target characteristics, judge characteristics, and their interaction.
Risk factors for pre‐transplantation bacteremia in adults with end‐stage liver disease: Effects on outcomes of liver transplantation
Authors: Lee Ing‐Kit , Chang Po‐Hsun , Li Wei‐Feng , Yeh Cheng‐His , Yin Shih‐Min , Lin Yu‐Cheng , Tzeng Wei‐Juo , Liu Yu‐Ling , Wang Chih‐Chi , Chen Chao‐Long , Lin Chih‐Che , Chen Yi‐Chun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and aimLimited data are available regarding pre‐liver transplantation (LT) bacteremia in adults with end‐stage liver disease. In this study, we investigated the risk factors independently associated with pre‐LT bacteremia and their effects on clinical outcomes of LT.MethodsThis retrospective study performed between 2010 and 2021 included 1287 LT recipients. The study population was categorized into patients with pre‐LT bacteremia and those without pre‐LT infection. Pre‐LT bacteremia was defined as bacteremia detected within 90 days before LT.ResultsAmong 1287 LT recipients, 92 (7.1%) developed pre‐LT bacteremia. The mean interval between bacteremia and LT was 28.3 ± 19.5 days. Of these 92 patients, seven (7.6%) patients died after LT. Of the 99 microorganisms isolated in this study, gram‐negative bacteria were the most common microbes (72.7%). Bacteremia was mainly attributed to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. The most common pathogen isolated was Escherichia coli (25.2%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.2%), and Staphylococcus aureus (15.1%). Multivariate analysis showed that massive ascites (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.67, 95% confidence Interval [CI] 1.048–2.687) and a prolonged international normalized ratio for prothrombin time (adjusted OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.074–1.257) were independent risk factors for pre‐LT bacteremia in patients with end‐stage liver disease. Intensive care unit and in‐hospital stay were significantly longer, and in‐hospital mortality was significantly higher among LT recipients with pre‐LT bacteremia than among those without pre‐LT infection.ConclusionsThis study highlights predictors of pre‐LT bacteremia in patients with end‐stage liver disease. Pre‐LT bacteremia increases the post‐transplantation mortality risk.
Turning gold into lead: The troubling fate of the police drug diversion initiative
Authors: Manderson Desmond 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis paper explores the fate of South Australia's highly regarded Police Drug Diversion Initiative over the past 10 years.MethodsThe paper uses historical and legal analysis, including publicly available data as to rates of drug use, arrests and diversions, media reports, legislation and Hansard debates.ResultsIn the mid‐2010s, amidst growing anxiety about levels of amphetamine‐type stimulants use in Adelaide, a coroner's report became the poster child for what was seen by the Liberal opposition as the excessive leniency and ‘waste of resources’ of the Police Drug Diversion Initiative. Despite being universally praised for its efficacy, the Liberal government, when elected, passed amendments to the legislation which ‘capped’ diversions at two. This ended the period in which diversions from criminal to social justice systems was mandatory for all persons charged with simple drug possession. But since then, the diversion rate in South Australia has plummeted in ways that cannot be explained merely because of these amendments.Discussion and ConclusionsThe most highly regarded scheme for diversion of minor drug offenders to treatment is no longer effective. Indeed, the best scheme in the country may now be the worst. The essay draws attention to a catastrophe whose extent is not yet fully appreciated and suggests ways in which we can begin to explain why such a small change has had such dramatic and unforeseen consequences. Like some sort of perverse alchemy, Australia's gold standard for drug diversion has been turned into lead.