bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P‐74  Evaluation of the in vivo effects of Tris‐EDTA and chlorhexidine digluconate 0.15% solution in chronic bacterial otitis externa: 11 cases
Authors: Ghibaudo G. , Cornegliani L. , Martino P. 
Published: August 2004

The objectives of this study were to evaluate in vivo tolerance, and antimicrobial and clinical activities of a topical otic preparation containing EDTA tromethamine (Tris) and chlorhexidine digluconate 0.15% solution (Otodine®) in dogs with chronic bacterial otitis externa. Eleven dogs were included. The affected ears were filled with the solution once daily during a 2‐week period. Dogs were evaluated on days 0, 14 and 28. Three clinical parameters (exudate, erythema, pain) and three cytologic parameters (Malassezia, cocci, rods) were scored (0–4 scale) by otoscopic and cytological examinations of otic exudate. Bacterial cultures were performed at each time point. If there were bacteria on cytological examination on day 14, the dogs were treated with the original product, with the addition of enrofloxacin (5%) applied 10 min after the original product, for a further 2 weeks. All 11 cases yielded isolates of resistant gram‐negative bacteria; gram‐positive bacteria were also isolated from six of 11 dogs. On day 14, six of 11 dogs were negative on culture examination; on day 28, 10 of 11 were negative and only one case had a positive culture. On day 14, clinical and microbial scores (cytology) were reduced by 54.6 and 71.1%, respectively, and by 85.7 and 94% on day 28. All cases reported good tolerance of the treatment. The results show that this ear solution was helpful in the management of chronic bacterial otitis externa in dogs and was well tolerated. There seems to be a synergistic effect of the combination of Tris‐EDTA/chlorhexidine digluconate 0.15% solution, and an antimicrobial agent (enrofloxacin) against resistant gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐76  The effect of omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation on cutaneous and plasma fatty acid concentrations in dogs with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Mueller R. S. , Fettman M. J. , Richardson K. , Hansen R. A. , Miller A. , Magowitz J. , Ogilvie G. K. 
Published: August 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of a fatty acid supplement on the concentration of essential fatty acids in the skin and plasma of dogs with atopic dermatitis. Twenty‐nine dogs with nonseasonal atopic dermatitis were supplemented with 1000 mg flax oil capsules, 3V Caps containing 180 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 120 mg of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/capsule, or mineral oil as placebo at 1 capsule/5 kg once daily for 10 weeks in a randomized, double‐blinded trial. Dogs were evaluated by owners and clinicians before and after supplementation using a clinical scoring system. Blood samples and skin biopsies from the lateral chest were taken before and after 10 weeks of supplementation. Overall, daily intake of omega‐3 and ‐6 fatty acids was calculated for each patient before and after supplementation. Linoleic acid (LA), α‐linolenic acid (α‐LA), arachidonic acid (AA), EPA and DHA were determined in plasma and skin using gas chromatography. α‐Linolenic acid and EPA were significantly increased in plasma (P = 0.0165 and 0.0042, respectively), but not in skin after supplementation with 3V Caps. The concentration of α‐LA was increased after flax oil supplementation (P = 0.0226). Plasma AA decreased in dogs supplemented with 3V Caps (P = 0.0029). Supplements changed the plasma and skin fatty acid concentrations significantly. A significant correlation between clinical outcome and cutaneous or plasma concentration was not present for any of the fatty acids. Based on these results, supplementation with fatty acids changes the plasma, but not skin concentrations of fatty acids in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Funding: Shipley Foundation.
P‐77  Skin fungal flora in horses: is Malassezia an important component
Authors: Bourdeau P. , Marchand A. M. , Alexandre F. , Marchand A. 
Published: August 2004

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fungi present on the skin surface in healthy horses with a particular interest in Malassezia on predisposed skin areas. Twenty‐five mares were included, each sampled on nine skin areas including those most likely contaminated by Malassezia: nostrils, lips, ear pinnae, base of the mane, pasterns, pectoral areas, lateral thorax, udder and perianal areas. Two sterile carpets were applied to the skin, and then used for inoculation of agar (Sabouraud's plus cycloheximide and chloramphenicol), both with and without lipids for isolation of different species of Malassezia. This method is currently successful in isolating Malassezia in dogs. Cultures were incubated at 32°C, observed on day 5 for Malassezia, and then maintained at 27°C for complementary morphological identifications. From 223 cultures on standard medium, only seven remained sterile. The most common fungi were filamentous (number of positive samples): Scopulariopsis (156), Penicillium (79), Acremonium (67), Aspergillus (53), Paecilomyces spp. (38), and Stachybotrys (33). Interestingly, Microsporum gypseum was also isolated (14 samples from seven areas) from 10 horses. Yeast or yeast‐like fungi were Geotrichum (52), Trichosporon (21), and an additional 33 samples being positive for yeast other than Malassezia. Results from the other 223 cultures on lipid‐rich agar were similar. Most of the fungi were isolated from the nine areas selected, but Malassezia was never isolated from 446 cultures. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐79  Hair follicle growth arrest in Austrian Icelandic horses
Authors: Kolm G. , Zentek J. 
Published: August 2004

In February 2003, 20 of 70 Icelandic horses were referred with winter seasonal recurrent problems of circumscribed hair loss and scaling on the ear base, temporal eye canthus, dorsal neck and, occasionally, the cranial shoulder, with only minimal pruritus. Health status was otherwise normal. Diagnostic therapy for dermatophytes and ectoparasites had only been of minimal success. The first onset of disease was in November 2001 after relocation of the healthy herd from southern Austria. Skin problems remained until hair shedding was completed in May/June 2002 and were absent from then until November 2002. The horses were otherwise healthy and did not suffer from allergic dermatitis in summer. The herd was fed hay and grass silage exclusively. Most affected horses were young stallions and mares. Vaccination and deworming status was current. Skin scrapings and culture for bacteria and dermatophytes were negative. Apart from a nonspecific, very mild dermatitis, histopathology yielded catagenization of hair follicles going into growth arrest. Except for a slight lymphocytosis, blood analysis was normal in all affected horses. Feedstuff analysis of the hay and grass silage was normal for minerals and the trace elements Cu and Zn, and serum levels of Ca, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn were within normal limits. Feed supplementation with vitamins, iodine, cobalt and selenium (Super‐Mineral) since spring/summer 2003 was able to prevent the development of hair follicle growth arrest in the affected horses during the winter period of 2003. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐8  Antibacterial efficacy of 0.1% chitosan solution against Staphylococcus intermedius in dogs
Authors: Jeong H. H. , Kim J. Y. , Lee K. W. , Oh T. H. 
Published: August 2004

Antibacterial efficacy of 0.1% chitosan solution against Staphylococcus intermedius in dogs was determined by the modified detergent scrub quantitative technique in 10 adult mongrel dogs. For comparison, other antibacterial agents including 2.5% benzoyl peroxide, 0.5% chlorhexidine acetate, 0.1% chitosan solution combined with 2.5% benzoyl peroxide, and chitosan combined with 0.5% chlorhexidine were used. The antibacterial activity of chitosan was inversely affected by pH with higher activity at lower pH value and exerted the highest activity at pH 4.5 in vitro. In nontreated bacteria‐challenged control sites, S. intermedius was found to have counts of 6.95 ± 0.53 cfu/cm2 of skin. The counts of recovered Staphylococcus intermedius (cfu/cm2) from the treated sites were 3.25 ± 0.98 for 0.1% chitosan solution, 0.68 ± 1.13 for benzoyl peroxide, 3.14 ± 0.55 for chlorhexidine, 0.48 ± 0.56 for chitosan solution combined with benzoyl peroxide, and 2.55 ± 0.88 for chitosan solution combined with chlorhexidine. Each S. intermedius recovery value from the five treated sites was significantly (P < 0.01) lower than that from the nontreated bacterial‐challenged control site. The 0.1% chitosan solution was efficacious against Staphylococcus intermedius in dogs. However, the combinations of chitosan with benzoyl peroxide and with chlorhexidine were shown to exert higher activity when compared to those of chitosan alone and benzoyl peroxide or chlorhexidine alone. Thus, 0.1% chitosan solution was considered to have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus intermedius andhave potential for clinical applications in the treatment of pyoderma in dogs. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐80  Clinical aspects of chronic progressive pastern dermatitis in Belgian draft horses
Authors: Van Brantegem L. , De Cock H. E. , Chiers K. , Van Heerden M. , Ferraro G. L. , Affolter V. K. , Ducatelle R. 
Published: August 2004

Chronic progressive pastern dermatitis is a condition characterized by progressive swelling, hyperkeratosis and fibrosis of the distal limbs. The clinical entity has been recognized in adult Shires and Clydesdales. To our knowledge, there is only one reported case in Belgian draft horses. Here we examined 14 Belgian horses from 6 months to 9 years of age for the presence of chronic progressive pastern dermatitis. All distal limbs were shaved and clinically examined. Skin scrapings of the pastern region were taken. One adult and six foals had no clinical signs. One foal and one adult had one thick skin fold at the rear of the pastern region. In the foal, the lesions were limited to the front limbs. Three adults had two or more thick skin folds extending to above the fetlock. Two severely affected adults had general firm swellings that extended up to the carpal and tarsal joints. They had multiple dermal nodules and small well‐demarcated ulcerations, some of them covered with adherent crusts. The skin folds were numerous, surrounding the entire pastern region. Five of the adults and four of the foals had chorioptic mange. In conclusion, chronic progressive pastern dermatitis is a common finding in these 14 Belgian horses. Mild lesions were already present in one foal. It is unclear whether the chorioptic mange plays a role in the onset or the exacerbation of the condition. Funding: Equine Research Funds, University of Ghent.
P‐82  Mycosis fungoides in a cow with bovine leukosis virus
Authors: Lopes M. A. F. , Conceicao L. G. , Costa E. S. , Avanza M. F. B. , Amorim R. L. , Moraes M. P. , Clare F. 
Published: August 2004

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a cutaneous manifestation of a T‐cell lymphoma, which has been diagnosed in various species including one case in a 10‐month‐old calf. However, we are not aware of a case report of MF in an adult bovine or of this disease being associated with bovine leukosis virus infection. We report a case of a cow diagnosed with MF‐like disease and bovine leukosis virus. A 6‐year‐old Holstein cow was presented with a history of cutaneous masses, anorexia, weight loss and reduced milk production. This cow had delivered a healthy calf 49 days before admission. Two days before parturition, the owner had observed the first skin nodules, which had progressively enlarged. Physical examination revealed multiple alopecic hyperpigmented tumors, ranging from 2 to 7 cm in diameter, which were painful on palpation. Some of the lesions were ulcerated, although most were covered by dry and rough epidermis. No abnormality other than the skin lesions and emaciation was detected on clinical examination. Complete blood count revealed leukocytosis (23,450/μL), lymphocytosis (17,588/μL) and atypical lymphocytes. Plasma protein concentration was 6.8 g/dL. Agar gel immunodiffusion test for bovine leukosis virus was positive. Histopathological findings included a diffuse dermal lymphocytic infiltration and epitheliotropism. Immunohistochemistry revealed that neoplastic lymphocytes were CD3+ and CD79a– cells. Due to the poor prognosis, the cow was euthanized. This report describes a rare MF d’emblée‐like condition in a cow with bovine leukosis virus. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐83  Intradermal testing in cattle: evaluation of sensitization to Dermatophagoides extracts in healthy cattle and cattle infected with Psoroptes or Chorioptes
Authors: Bourdeau P. , Rivat C. 
Published: August 2004

Information on sensitization of cattle to common allergens like Pyroglyphids or approved practical methods to evaluate in vivo sensitization are lacking. The aim of the study was to evaluate both intradermal testing (IDT) and sensitization to Dermatophagoides in healthy cattle and those infested with Psororptes or Chorioptes. Animals were included in three groups: Group A, healthy (n = 50), Group B, Psoroptes ovis infestation (n = 50), and Group C, Chorioptes bovis infestation (n = 12). Two methods of IDT were compared: classical use of 1 mL insulin syringe and a tuberculination device. Reactions to histamine 1/10,000 were compared to a negative control and commercial allergens (Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus) by injections (0.1 mL) in the midsection of the lateral neck. Readings were made at 30 min (diameter of the wheal and thickening of the skin fold with a calliper square) and at 48 h. The best results were obtained combining the tuberculin device and diameter of the wheal (100% correlation with the calliper square). Reactions to histamine were significantly more intense than for the allergens tested. Positive intradermal reactions included: Group A, D. farinae 42% and D. pteronyssinus 36%; Group B, D. farinae 74% and D. pteronyssinus 50%; Group C, D. farinae 58% and D. pteronyssinus 42%. No delayed reaction was detected. The possible use of this cross‐reactivity for a rapid evaluation of infestation of herds by parasitic mites needs more evaluation. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐84  Experimental study of orange phototoxicity in sheep
Authors: Lorente‐Méndez C. , Peris‐Palau B. , Hernández A. M. , Satué K. , López‐Castellano A. , Rodilla V. 
Published: August 2004

We have evaluated the possible phototoxicity of an orange‐based diet on sheep in a controlled environment. The phototoxic effect of psoralens, potent phototoxic furocoumarins, contained in oranges could be manifested either as a perioral contact phototoxicity or as a postingestion phototoxic effect. This research has especial relevance in the region of Valencia, Spain, where sheep are occasionally fed large quantities of these agricultural by‐products and where sunlight is constant year‐round. Ewes were randomly allocated to two groups, one to be fed a maintenance diet (n = 9), and the other to receive, after a brief adaptation period, solely oranges (n = 6). The ewes were placed in an external enclosure and fed this diet for 2 months. At approximately 3‐week intervals, the ewes were subjected to thorough clinical and dermatological examination. Skin biopsies were obtained on two different occasions. All procedures were carried out under the guidelines of the local ethics committee. The sheep on the orange diet showed weight loss and a debilitated condition. However, during the study, no clinical or pathological signs of oral or systemic photodermatitis were observed. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐85  Treatment of goat warbles in Rohila goats with ivermectin in endemically infested areas of Pakistan
Authors: Ayaz M. M. 
Published: August 2004

The occurrence of goat warbles in Rohila goats was studied in endemic areas of Pakistan. Eight flocks of goats (n = 1000) in four villages at Fort Munro and six flocks (n = 800) in three villages at Rakni were examined. The study was conducted on animals during the third and fourth weeks of December 1996. The occurrence at Fort Munro and Rakni was 18 and 35%, respectively. At Fort Munro and Rakni, the degree of infestation ranged up to 40 and 50% of the animals in the flocks, respectively. Ivermectin at a dosage of 200 μg/kg was 100% effective against L2 and L3 life stages. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐86  Cryptococcal granulomatous dermatitis in an African parrot
Authors: Berrocal A. 
Published: August 2004

Cryptococcosis is predominantly a systemic mycosis caused by an encapsulated yeast‐like fungus with worldwide distribution. There are several species of the genus Cryptococcus; however, C. neoformans is the most frequently reported species causing disease in people as well as in domestic and wild animals. This organism is most commonly isolated from soil contaminated with pigeon droppings. The cutaneous presentation is very rare in dogs and cats compared to the more common respiratory, central nervous system and ocular forms. To the author's knowledge, dermal cryptococcosis in avian species has not been reported. A 1‐year‐old female African parrot presented with a 3.0 cm diameter ulcerative mass located at the left distal phalange wing of 6 months duration. It was removed by surgery; however, due to local infiltration, it could not be excised completely. The sample was processed for dermatopathological examination and stained with H&E. In addition, a swab was taken for culture. Histopathologically, the epidermis was ulcerated with many free round‐to‐oval organisms measuring 6–12 μm that stained faintly pale and eosinophilic, and were surrounded by a clear halo. Throughout the dermis, multiple granulomas were seen with identical microorganisms in addition to macrophages and granulocytes. Microorganisms stained positive with Gomori methenamine silver and PAS. Cryptococcal‐like organisms with clear halos against a black background were seen in an India ink preparation from the swab material. The sample was cultured on Sabouraud's agar and identified as Cryptococcus neoformans. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐87  Alopecia in two guinea pigs due to hypopodes of Acarus farris
Authors: Linek M. , Bourdeau P. 
Published: August 2004

Mites are frequent agents of skin diseases in veterinary dermatology, particularly in rodents. The authors report an original case of infestation in two guinea pigs of the same household. Two adult guinea pigs were presented with a 3‐month history of alopecia, matted hair, erythema, scales and mild pruritus. The first guinea pig showed almost complete truncal alopecia with mild scaling, whereas the other one had only recently developed mild alopecia of the abdomen and mild pruritus. Numerous live, long‐legged mites were present both in adhesive tape and skin scrapings. Mycology (Wood's lamp and DTM agar culture) was negative. Histopathological examination of a skin biopsy did not reveal any significant inflammatory disease and morphological changes were limited to hair follicles in the telogen phase. Mites were identified as hypopodes of Acarus farris (Acaridae), but no adult stages were present. Hypopodes were also found in the hay. Control was obtained with acaricidal treatment with Phoxim 0.05% once weekly for 4 weeks, and the elimination of contaminated hay. The lesions and the alopecia resolved rapidly. Hypopodes are additional nymphal stages of some mites of the suborder Astigmata. They develop for dispersing or dormancy under disadvantageous conditions. They can be active or inert, and some can be phoretic on the skin surface or intrafollicular. Although nonparasitic, they may cause dermatitis. Acarus farris have been rarely mentioned in the literature as a cause of dermatitis. This condition could be underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed in veterinary dermatology. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐88  Endocrine dermatosis and granulosa cell tumour in a red panda
Authors: Alton K. , Vielgrader H. , Voracek T. , Zenker W. 
Published: August 2004

A 9‐year‐old red panda from the Vienna Zoo showed progressive hair loss of 2 years duration beginning at the tip of the tail and slowly spreading to the lower back, abdomen and thorax. Severe pruritus and mild automutilation was present only at the tail. Antifungal and antibiotic therapy showed little effect. Skin biopsies showed a thin hyperkeratotic epidermis, moderate superficial dermal sclerosis, mild superficial pyoderma, and complete atrophy of hair follicles and adnexae. Ultrasonography revealed an anechogenic circular mass 3 cm in diameter limited by echogenic trabeculae. The animal was euthanized. Necropsy revealed two smooth red‐brown soft solid nodules (3×3×2 cm) situated bilaterally at the caudal pole of the kidneys. Viscera, thyroid and adrenal glands as well as the uterus showed normal macroscopic and histologic appearance. Histologically, the pararenal nodules were recognized as enlarged ovaries with a small number of follicles and a large solid mass of slightly atypical vacuolated polygonal cells of Leydig‐cell character, which partly invaded the adjacent adipose tissue and were accompanied by discrete and strongly vascular stroma. Diagnosis of bilateral granulosa cell tumour was made. We concluded that the progressive hypotrichotic dermatosis was due to an endocrine abnormality. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐89  Aeromonas hydrophila‐associated skin lesions and septicaemia in a Nile crocodile
Authors: Turutoglu H. , Ercelik S. , Corlu M. 
Published: August 2004

Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the most common organisms associated with the aquatic environment. However, there are limited data on A. hydrophila infection in crocodilians. The aim of this report is to describe a case of skin lesions and septicaemia associated with A. hydrophila in a Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus). A captive male freshwater crocodile in The Zoological Park of Antalya (Turkey) was found dead without showing signs of any disease. Gross examination showed brown or red spotted skin lesions of varying size. These lesions were mostly scattered over the abdomen and occasionally on the tail and feet. At necropsy, numerous white, multifocal and randomly distributed areas were seen on the liver. Gram‐stained smears from skin and liver lesions showed gram‐negative bacilli arranged in clusters. Pure cultures of A. hydrophila were recovered from skin, internal organs and blood. Isolates were found to be susceptible to ceftiofur, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, neomycin, gentamicin, lincomycin, and neomycin. A pathogenicity test was performed on four male 2‐year‐old New Zealand white rabbits. Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from the skin and liver of the crocodile formed local abscesses in two rabbits after subcutaneous injection of the bacteria. Systemic application of the same isolates of bacteria into the other two rabbits caused septicaemia and death. In conclusion, this report has shown that A. hydrophila in crocodiles may cause skin lesions and even death due to septicaemia. Funded: Self‐funded.