bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the Seventeenth-Century Copper Trade: An Analysis of Smelted Copper from Sites in Virginia and North Carolina
Authors: Stevenson Christopher M. , Gunter-Bassett Madeleine , Dussubieux Laure 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhen the colonists who made up the Virginia Company of London established James Fort on the banks of the James River in 1607, they brought with them sheets of scrap copper. Based in large part on the experience of the earlier Roanoke Colony, the English knew that copper was a highly prized material among Native peoples of the Chesapeake, and they brought it with them as a trade item. Artifacts made from European smelted copper (impure copper and copper alloy) have been found at contact period sites (ca. AD 1607–1680) throughout Virginia, and James Fort has long been hypothesized to be the primary distribution point for that material. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the elemental composition of a sample of smelted copper artifacts from James Fort (1607–ca. 1625), as well as samples of copper artifacts from five Native sites in central Virginia. We also analyzed a sample of copper artifacts from another well-known European fort site—Fort San Juan (1567–1568) in North Carolina. The results suggest that although a portion of the smelted copper that circulated through Native networks in Virginia came from James Fort, the rest of it possibly came from English, French, or Dutch distribution points to the northeast.
Network Centrality and Dissent Voting by Directors on Boards
Authors: Zhang Hong , Liu Zimin , Zhong Weiguo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe investigate how directors’ positions within board interlocking networks influence their monitoring behaviors from a social network perspective. We argue that the effectiveness of directors’ monitoring of a firm's management depends on their ability to overcome the information barrier and their motivation to develop a public reputation in the directorship market. We further contend that network centrality can supplement directors’ existing information set and facilitate reputation spillover, leading to an increase in the extent of their dissent on boards. We analyze the unique individual-director-level data of Chinese firms and find that directors occupying positions of greater centrality in the board interlock network are more likely to dissent. We then examine the underlying mechanisms of information and reputation through two moderators: firm transparency and media mention of a director. We also find that the effect of network centrality on dissent is weaker for independent directors. Our study advances the corporate governance literature by examining the micro-foundations of board monitoring and providing a social network perspective.
14C PREPARATION PROTOCOLS FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL SAMPLES AT THE LMC14, SACLAY, FRANCE
Authors: Dumoulin J-P , Moreau C , Delqué-Količ E , Caffy I , Farcage D , Goulas C , Hain S , Perron M , Semerok A , Sieudat M , Thellier B , Beck L 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTThe Laboratoire de Mesure du Carbone 14 (LMC14) has operated a radiocarbon dating laboratory for almost twenty years with ARTEMIS, the Accelerator Mass Spectrometer (AMS) based on a NEC 9SDH-2 Pelletron tandem accelerator. A first status report describing the chemical pretreatment methods was published in 2017 (Dumoulin et al. 2017). This article summarizes updates of the routine procedures and presents new protocols. The quality checks in place at the LMC14 and results obtained for the GIRI international inter-comparison are reported. New protocols developed by the laboratory over the last five years are described with the preparation of iron, lead white, cellulose, calcium oxalate, and mortar. This report also provides a summary of practical information for sample preparation and can help the laboratory users who provide samples and publish results to better understand all the work behind a 14C dating.
The origin and evolution of laterals in Proto-Naish
Authors: Li Zihe 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper reconstructs Proto-Naish initials with lateral main consonants using data from three Naish languages: Lijiangba Naxi (LJ), Malimasa (MM), and Yongning Na (YN). The methodology of using conservative languages, such as Written Tibetan, Burmese, and rGyalrong, in interpreting sound correspondences is emphasized. At least five lateral initials should be reconstructed to Proto-Naish. Initial correspondences relevant to laterals are also discussed.
How do control tokens affect natural language generation tasks like text simplification
Authors: Li Zihao , Shardlow Matthew 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecent work on text simplification has focused on the use of control tokens to further the state-of-the-art. However, it is not easy to further improve without an in-depth comprehension of the mechanisms underlying control tokens. One unexplored factor is the tokenization strategy, which we also explore. In this paper, we (1) reimplemented AudienCe-CEntric Sentence Simplification, (2) explored the effects and interactions of varying control tokens, (3) tested the influences of different tokenization strategies, (4) demonstrated how separate control tokens affect performance and (5) proposed new methods to predict the value of control tokens. We show variations of performance in the four control tokens separately. We also uncover how the design of control tokens could influence performance and give some suggestions for designing control tokens. We show the newly proposed method with higher performance in both SARI (a common scoring metric in text simplificaiton) and BERTScore (a score derived from the BERT language model) and potential in real applications.
Warming of the Kuroshio Current Over the Last Four Decades has Intensified the Meiyu‐Baiu Rainband
Authors: Qiao Yu‐Xiang , Nakamura Hirohiko , Tomita Tomohiko 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn recent decades, rise of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Kuroshio region of the East China Sea (ECS), which is associated with global warming, has attracted considerable attention. Despite its relevance to air‐sea interaction phenomena, the atmospheric consequences of this SST increase remain largely unexplored. Using the ERA5 reanalysis data set in conjunction with a moisture budget analysis, we found that during 1979–2022, warming in the ECS‐Kuroshio has contributed to the intensification of the East Asian Meiyu‐Baiu rainband in June. This intensification is attributed to augmented wind convergence in the low‐level free troposphere (950–700 hPa). Importantly, the atmospheric responses to ECS‐Kuroshio warming penetrated the deep troposphere (to approximately 300 hPa), suggesting an enhancement of deep convection. Furthermore, ECS‐Kuroshio warming likely strengthened the overlying atmospheric low pressure, resulting in wind convergence enhancement. The findings clarified the important role of the ECS‐Kuroshio in driving East Asian climate change amid global warming.
Projected Emergence Seasons of Year‐Maximum Near‐Surface Wind Speed
Authors: Yu Yue , Li Zhibo , Yan Zixiang , Yuan Huishuang , Shen Cheng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGlobal warming is expected to have far‐reaching impacts on the frequency and intensity of extreme events, but the effects of anthropogenic warming on the emergence seasons of year‐maximum near‐surface wind speed (NSWS) remain poorly understood. We provide a comprehensive map of the changing emergence seasons of year‐maximum NSWS using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 projections. Our analysis reveals a rapid response of synoptic‐scale extreme NSWS to global warming, with consistent spatial patterns observed across various periods and warming scenarios. The most significant increase (∼16%) in the emergence season is projected to occur in December‐January‐February (DJF) over Mid‐high‐latitude Asia by the end of the 21st century. The study also anticipates changes in the emergence seasons of year‐maximum NSWS at a regional scale. These results deepen our understanding of the complex and interconnected nature of global climate change and underscore the need for concerted efforts in addressing this pressing challenge.
Statistical Characteristics of Multi‐Scale Auroral Arc Width Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Yang Qiuju , Xie Minghao , Su Hang , Han Desheng , He Qiqi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractArc width is important for understanding the generation mechanism of auroral arcs. However, the continuity or discreteness of the distribution of small and meso‐large scale auroral arc widths has not been determined in previous studies. This study employs machine learning techniques to investigate the distribution of arc widths across multiple scales using multi‐field‐of‐view (multi‐FOV) auroral observations. Based on the 180°, 47°, and 19° auroral observations at the Antarctic Zhongshan Station from February to October 2012, the statistical results demonstrate that the auroral arc width spectrum is continuously distributed across small, meso, and large scales, suggesting that the mechanisms responsible for their generation are capable of producing arcs at all scales. Furthermore, the arc width distribution at each FOV can be well fitted with a log‐normal function. We also find that the main widths observed at different FOVs depend on the spatial resolution of the instruments. Our work provides new observational evidence for the generation mechanism of auroral arcs.
Trans‐Lithospheric Ascent Processes of the Deep‐Rooted Magma Plumbing System Underneath the Ultraslow‐Spreading SW Indian Ridge
Authors: Ma Ben , Liu Ping‐Ping , Dick Henry J. B. , Zhou Mei‐Fu , Chen Qiong , Liu Chuan‐Zhou 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProcesses of magma generation and transportation in global mid‐ocean ridges are key to understanding lithospheric architecture at divergent plate boundaries. These magma dynamics are dependent on spreading rate and melt flux, where the SW Indian Ridge represents an end‐member. The vertical extent of ridge magmatic systems and the depth of axial magma chambers (AMCs) are greatly debated, in particular at ultraslow‐spreading ridges. Here we present detailed mineralogical studies of high‐Mg and low‐Mg basalts from a single dredge on Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) at 45°E. High‐Mg basalts (MgO = ∼7.1 wt.%) contain high Mg# olivine (Ol, Fo = 85–89) and high‐An plagioclase (Pl, An = 66–83) as phenocrysts, whereas low‐Mg basalts contain low‐Mg# Ol and low‐An Pl (Fo = 75–78, An = 50–62) as phenocrysts or glomerocrysts. One low‐Mg basalt also contains normally zoned Ol and Pl, the core and rim of which are compositionally similar to those in high‐Mg and low‐Mg basalts, respectively. Mineral barometers and MELTS simulation indicate that the high‐Mg melts started to crystallize at ∼32 ± 7.8 km, close to the base of the lithosphere. The low‐Mg melts may have evolved from the high‐Mg melts in an AMC at a depth of ∼13 ± 7.8 km. Such great depths of magma crystallization and the AMC are likely the result of enhanced conductive cooling at ultraslow‐spreading ridges. Combined with diffusion chronometers, the basaltic melts could have ascended from the AMC to seafloor within 2 weeks to 3 months at average rates of ∼0.002–0.01 m/s, which are the slowest reported to date among global ridge systems and may characterize mantle melt transport at the slow end of the ridge spreading spectrum.
Thermal and Structural History of Impact Ejecta Deposits, Ries Impact Structure, Germany
Authors: Sleptsova Iuliia V. , Gilder Stuart A. , Dellefant Fabian , Trepmann Claudia A. , Ahanin Nastaran , Pohl Jean 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Ries impact structure (Germany) contains well‐preserved ejecta deposits consisting of melt‐free lithic breccia (Bunte Breccia) overlain by suevite. To test their emplacement conditions, we investigated the magnetic properties and microstructures of 26 polymict breccia clasts and a stratigraphic profile from the clasts into the suevite at the Aumühle quarry. Remanent magnetization directions of the Bunte Breccia clasts fall into two groups: those whose directions mostly lie parallel to the reversed field during impact carried mostly by magnetite, and those whose directions vary widely among each clast carried by titanohematite. Basement clasts containing titanohematite acquired a chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) during the ejection process and then rotated during turbulent deposition. Clasts of sedimentary rocks grew magnetite after turbulent deposition, with CRM directions lying parallel to the paleofield. Suevite holds a thermal remanent magnetization carried by magnetite, except for ∼12 cm from the contact with the Bunte Breccia, where hematite concentrations increase due to hydrothermal alteration. These observations lead us to propose a three‐stage model of (a) turbulent deposition of the melt‐free breccia with clast rotation <580°C, (b) deposition of the overlying suevite, which acted as a semi‐permeable barrier that confined hot (<300°C) oxidizing fluids to the permeable breccia zone, and (c) prolonged hydrothermal activity producing further alteration which ended before the next geomagnetic reversal. Basement outcrops have significantly different magnetic properties than the Bunte Breccia basement clasts with similar lithology. Two basement blocks situated near the inner ring may have been thermally overprinted up to 550°C.
Tracer Stirring and Variability in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Near the Southwest Indian Ridge
Authors: Balwada Dhruv , Gray Alison R. , Dove Lilian A. , Thompson Andrew F. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOceanic macroturbulence is efficient at stirring and transporting tracers. The dynamical properties of this stirring can be characterized by statistically quantifying tracer structures. Here, we characterize the macroscale (1–100 km) tracer structures observed by two Seagliders downstream of the Southwest Indian Ridge in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). These are some of the first glider observations in an energetic standing meander of the ACC, a region associated with enhanced ventilation. The small‐scale density variance in the mixed layer (ML) was relatively enhanced near the surface and base of the ML, while being muted at mid‐depth in the ML, suggesting the formation mechanism to be associated with ML instabilities and eddies. In addition, ML density fronts were formed by comparable contributions from temperature and salinity gradients. In the interior, along‐isopycnal spectra and structure functions of spice indicated that there is relatively lower variance at smaller scales than would be expected based on non‐local stirring, suggesting that flows smaller than the deformation radius play a role in the cascade of tracers to small scales. These interior spice anomalies spanned across isopycnals, and were found to be about 3–5 times flatter than the aspect ratio that would be expected for O(1) Burger number flows like interior QG dynamics, suggesting the ratio of vertical shear to horizontal strain is greater than N/f. This further supports that small‐scale flows, with high‐mode vertical structures, impact tracer distributions.
Global Estimates of Mesoscale Vertical Velocity Near 1,000 m From Argo Observations
Authors: Christensen Katy M. , Gray Alison R. , Riser Stephen C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGlobal estimates of mesoscale vertical velocity remain poorly constrained due to a historical lack of adequate observations on the spatial and temporal scales needed to measure these small magnitude velocities. However, with the wide‐spread and frequent observations collected by the Argo array of autonomous profiling floats, we can now better quantify mesoscale vertical velocities throughout the global ocean. We use the underutilized trajectory data files from the Argo array to estimate the time evolution of isotherm displacement around a float as it drifts at 1,000 m, allowing us to quantify vertical velocity averaged over approximately 4.5 days for that depth level. The resulting estimates have a non‐normal, high‐peak, and heavy‐tail distribution. The vertical velocity distribution has a mean value of (1.9 ± 0.02) × 10−6 m s−1 and a median value of (1.3 ± 0.2) × 10−7 m s−1, but the high‐magnitude events can be up to the order of 10−4 m s−1. We find that vertical velocity is highly spatially variable and is largely associated with a combination of topographic features and horizontal flow. These are some of the first observational estimates of mesoscale vertical velocity to be taken across such large swaths of the ocean without assumptions of uniformity or reliance on horizontal divergence.
Schizophrenia endothelial cells exhibit higher permeability and altered angiogenesis patterns in patient-derived organoids
Authors: Stankovic Isidora , Notaras Michael , Wolujewicz Paul , Lu Tyler , Lis Raphael , Ross M. Elizabeth , Colak Dilek 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSchizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the manifestation of psychiatric symptoms in early adulthood. While many research avenues into the origins of SCZ during brain development have been explored, the contribution of endothelial/vascular dysfunction to the disease remains largely elusive. To model the neuropathology of SCZ during early critical periods of brain development, we utilized patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate 3D cerebral organoids and define cell-specific signatures of disease. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that while SCZ organoids were similar in their macromolecular diversity to organoids generated from healthy controls (CTRL), SCZ organoids exhibited a higher percentage of endothelial cells when normalized to total cell numbers. Additionally, when compared to CTRL, differential gene expression analysis revealed a significant enrichment in genes that function in vessel formation, vascular regulation, and inflammatory response in SCZ endothelial cells. In line with these findings, data from 23 donors demonstrated that PECAM1+ microvascular vessel-like structures were increased in length and number in SCZ organoids in comparison to CTRL organoids. Furthermore, we report that patient-derived endothelial cells displayed higher paracellular permeability, implicating elevated vascular activity. Collectively, our data identified altered gene expression patterns, vessel-like structural changes, and enhanced permeability of endothelial cells in patient-derived models of SCZ. Hence, brain microvascular cells could play a role in the etiology of SCZ by modulating the permeability of the developing blood brain barrier (BBB).
PICH deficiency limits the progression of MYC-induced B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Castejón-Griñán María , Albers Eliene , Simón-Carrasco Lucía , Aguilera Paula , Sbroggio Mauro , Pladevall-Morera David , Ingham Andreas , Lim Ernest , Guillen-Benitez Alba , Pietrini Elena , Lisby Michael , Hickson Ian D. , Lopez-Contreras Andres J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPlk1-interacting checkpoint helicase (PICH) is a DNA translocase involved in resolving ultrafine anaphase DNA bridges and, therefore, is important to safeguard chromosome segregation and stability. PICH is overexpressed in various human cancers, particularly in lymphomas such as Burkitt lymphoma, which is caused by MYC translocations. To investigate the relevance of PICH in cancer development and progression, we have combined novel PICH-deficient mouse models with the Eμ-Myc transgenic mouse model, which recapitulates B-cell lymphoma development. We have observed that PICH deficiency delays the onset of MYC-induced lymphomas in Pich heterozygous females. Moreover, using a Pich conditional knockout mouse model, we have found that Pich deletion in adult mice improves the survival of Eμ-Myc transgenic mice. Notably, we show that Pich deletion in healthy adult mice is well tolerated, supporting PICH as a suitable target for anticancer therapies. Finally, we have corroborated these findings in two human Burkitt lymphoma cell lines and we have found that the death of cancer cells was accompanied by chromosomal instability. Based on these findings, we propose PICH as a potential therapeutic target for Burkitt lymphoma and for other cancers where PICH is overexpressed.
Pharmacology of LRRK2 with type I and II kinase inhibitors revealed by cryo-EM
Authors: Zhu Hanwen , Hixson Patricia , Ma Wen , Sun Ji 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLRRK2 is one of the most promising drug targets for Parkinson’s disease. Though type I kinase inhibitors of LRRK2 are under clinical trials, alternative strategies like type II inhibitors are being actively pursued due to the potential undesired effects of type I inhibitors. Currently, a robust method for LRRK2–inhibitor structure determination to guide structure-based drug discovery is lacking, and inhibition mechanisms of available compounds are also unclear. Here we present near-atomic-resolution structures of LRRK2 with type I (LRRK2-IN-1 and GNE-7915) and type II (rebastinib, ponatinib, and GZD-824) inhibitors, uncovering the structural basis of LRRK2 inhibition and conformational plasticity of the kinase domain with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Type I and II inhibitors bind to LRRK2 in active-like and inactive conformations, so LRRK2–inhibitor complexes further reveal general structural features associated with LRRK2 activation. Our study provides atomic details of LRRK2–inhibitor interactions and a framework for understanding LRRK2 activation and for rational drug design.
Novel frameshift variant of WNT10A in a Japanese patient with hypodontia
Authors: Ando Michiyo , Aoki Yoshihiko , Sano Yasuto , Adachi Junya , Sana Masatoshi , Miyabe Satoru , Watanabe Satoshi , Hasegawa Shogo , Miyachi Hitoshi , Machida Junichiro , Goto Mitsuo , Tokita Yoshihito 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Congenital tooth agenesis is caused by the impairment of crucial genes related to tooth development, such as Wnt signaling pathway genes. Here, we investigated the genetic causes of sporadic congenital tooth agenesis. Exome sequencing, followed by Sanger sequencing, identified a novel single-nucleotide deletion in WNT10A (NC_000002.12(NM_025216.3):c.802del), which was not found in the healthy parents of the patient. Thus, we concluded that the variant was the genetic cause of the patient’s agenesis.
An IL-10/DEL-1 axis supports granulopoiesis and survival from sepsis in early life
Authors: Vergadi Eleni , Kolliniati Ourania , Lapi Ioanna , Ieronymaki Eleftheria , Lyroni Konstantina , Alexaki Vasileia Ismini , Diamantaki Eleni , Vaporidi Katerina , Hatzidaki Eleftheria , Papadaki Helen A. , Galanakis Emmanouil , Hajishengallis George , Chavakis Triantafyllos , Tsatsanis Christos 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe limited reserves of neutrophils are implicated in the susceptibility to infection in neonates, however the regulation of neutrophil kinetics in infections in early life remains poorly understood. Here we show that the developmental endothelial locus (DEL-1) is elevated in neonates and is critical for survival from neonatal polymicrobial sepsis, by supporting emergency granulopoiesis. Septic DEL-1 deficient neonate mice display low numbers of myeloid-biased multipotent and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors in the bone marrow, resulting in neutropenia, exaggerated bacteremia, and increased mortality; defects that are rescued by DEL-1 administration. A high IL-10/IL-17A ratio, observed in newborn sepsis, sustains tissue DEL-1 expression, as IL-10 upregulates while IL-17 downregulates DEL-1. Consistently, serum DEL-1 and blood neutrophils are elevated in septic adult and neonate patients with high serum IL-10/IL-17A ratio, and mortality is lower in septic patients with high serum DEL-1. Therefore, IL-10/DEL-1 axis supports emergency granulopoiesis, prevents neutropenia and promotes sepsis survival in early life.