bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
microRNAs in Syrista parreyssi (Hymenoptera) and Lepisma saccharina (Zygentoma) possibly involved in the mitochondrial function
Authors: Aydemir Habeş Bilal , Korkmaz Ertan Mahir 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMitochondria are essential organelles for maintaining vital cellular functions, and microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally. miRNAs exhibit tissue and time‐specific patterns in mitochondria and specifically mitochondrial miRNAs (mitomiRs) can regulate the mRNA expression both originating from mitochondrial and nuclear transcription which affect mitochondrial metabolic activity and cell homeostasis. In this study, miRNAs of two insect species, Syrista parreyssi (Hymenoptera) and Lepisma saccharina (Zygentoma), were investigated for the first time. The known and possible novel miRNAs were predicted and characterized and their potential effects on mitochondrial transcription were investigated in these insect species using deep sequencing. The previously reported mitomiRs were also investigated and housekeeping miRNAs were characterized. miRNAs that are involved in mitochondrial processes such as apoptosis and signaling and that affect genes encoding the subunits of OXPHOS complexes have been identified in each species. Here, 81 and 161 novel mature miRNA candidates were bioinformatically predicted and 9 and 24 of those were aligned with reference mitogenomes of S. parreyssi and L. saccharina, respectively. As a result of RNAHybrid analysis, 51 and 69 potential targets of miRNAs were found in the mitogenome of S. parreyssi and L. saccharina, respectively. cox1 gene was the most targeted gene and cytB, rrnS, and rrnL genes were highly targeted in both of the species by novel miRNAs, hypothetically. We speculate that these novel miRNAs, originating from or targeting mitochondria, influence on rRNA genes or positively selected mitochondrial protein‐coding genes. These findings may provide a new perspective in evaluating miRNAs for maintaining mitochondrial function and transcription.
A two‐step electrochemical biosensor based on Tetrazyme for the detection of fibrin
Authors: Jiang Jiayi , Wang Bin , Luo Linghuan , Ying Na , Shi Gaofan , Zhang Mengmeng , Su Haoyuan , Zeng Dongdong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, an electrochemical biosensor was constructed for the detection of fibrin, specifically by a simple two‐step approach, with a novel artificial enzyme (Tetrazyme) based on the DNA tetrahedral framework as signal probe. The multichannel screen‐printed electrode with the activated surface cannot only remove some biological impurities, but also serve as a carrier to immobilize a large number of antigen proteins. The DNA tetrahedral nanostructure was employed to ensure the high sensitivity of the probe for biological analysis. The hemin was chimeric into the G‐quadruplex to constitute the complex with peroxidase catalytic activity (hemin/G4‐DNAzyme), subsequently, Tetrazyme was formed through combining of this complex and DNA tetrahedral nucleic acid framework. The artificial enzyme signal probe formed by the covalent combination of the homing peptide (Cys‐Arg‐Glu‐Lys‐Ala, CREKA), which is the aptamer of fibrin and the new artificial enzyme is fixed on the surface of the multichannel carbon electrode by CREKA‐specific recognition, so as to realize the sensitive detection of fibrin. The feasibility of sensing platform was validated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometric i–t curve (IT) methods. Effects of Tetrazyme concentration, CREKA concentrations and hybridization time on the sensor were explored. Under the best optimal conditions of 0.6 μmol/L Tetrazyme, 80 μmol/L CREKA, and 2.5 h reaction time, the immunosensor had two linear detection ranges, 10–40 nmol/L, with linear regression equation Y = 0.01487X − 0.011 (R2 = 0.992), and 50–100 nmol/L, with linear regression equation Y = 0.00137X + 0.6405 (R2 = 0.998), the detection limit was 9.4 nmol/L, S/N ≥ 3. The biosensor could provide a new method with great potential for the detection of fibrin with good selectivity, stability, and reproducibility.
Scaling strategy for cell and gene therapy bioreactors based on turbulent parameters
Authors: Iurashev Dmytro , Jones Peter Anthony , Andreev Nadejda , Wang Yana , Iwata‐Kajihara Tomoko , Kraus Barbara , Hernandez Bort Juan A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSo far, power input has been used as the main parameter for bioreactor scale‐up/‐down in upstream process development and manufacturing. The rationale is that maintaining a consistent power input per unit volume should result in comparable mixing times at different scales. However, shear generated from turbulent flow may compromise the integrity of non‐robust cells such as those used during the production of cell and gene therapies, which may lead to low product quality and yield. Of particular interest is the Kolmogorov length parameter that characterizes the smallest turbulent eddies in a mixture. To understand its impact on scale‐up/‐down decisions, the distribution of Kolmogorov length along the trajectory flow of individual particles in bioreactors was estimated in silico with the help of computational fluid dynamics simulations. Specifically, in this study the scalability of iPSC‐derived lymphocyte production and the impact of shear stress across various differentiation stages were investigated. The study used bioreactors of volumes from 0.1 to 10 L, which correspond to the scales most used for parameter optimization. Our findings, which align with in vitro runs, help determine optimal agitation speed and shear stress adjustments for process transfer between scales and bioreactor types, using vertically‐oriented wheel and pitched‐blade impellers. In addition, empirical models specific to the bioreactors used in this study were developed. The provided computational analysis in combination with experimental data supports selection of appropriate bioreactors and operating conditions for various cell and gene therapy process steps.
Two New Alkaloids from Roots of Zea mays and Their Cytotoxic Activity against Hep3B and SW480 Cells
Authors: Zhang Yunqiang , Liu Jianyu , Zhang Yiling , Qiu Xue , Wang Andong , Xu Yongnan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTwo undescribed alkaloids, along with seven known compounds, were isolated from the roots of Zea mays (RM). Their chemical structures were elucidated based on extensive analyses of HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR, and CD spectra. Two new alkaloids exhibited moderate inhibition of Hep3B (IC50 values of 11.7±2.4 and 14.2±3.6 μM) and SW480 cells (IC50 values of 33.4±8.2 and 47.3±5.8 μM) compared to that of the positive control compound, Oxaliplatin, IC50 value of 8.4±1.7 and 45.8±5.6 μM, respectively.
GFN‐xTB‐Based Computations Provide Comprehensive Insights into Emulsion Radiation‐Induced Graft Polymerization**
Authors: Matsubara Kiho , Takahashi Kei , Matsuda Takeshi , Ueki Yuji , Seko Noriaki , Kakuchi Ryohei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this article, a deep insight into emulsion radiation‐induced graft polymerization (RIGP) was obtained by computing explicit solvation free energies, conformational entropy, monomer radius and dipole moments with the state‐of‐the‐art Conformer‐Rotamer Ensemble Sampling Tool (CREST) package primarily at semiempirical GFN‐xTB level. By leveraging the robustness of the CREST package, above parameters provided dynamic nature of methacrylate monomers with the consideration of realistic emulsion conditions. With the chemical and physical importance of the above results, CREST‐determined explanatory variables sufficiently led to the building of the prediction models for the RIGP of methacrylate monomers. The machine learning model building resulted in effective reactivity predictions and unveiled important factors for the radiation‐induced graft polymerization in a chemically interpretable fashion.
Fingerprint patterns in relation to an altered neurodevelopment in patients with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Kyselicová Klaudia , Dukonyová Dóra , Belica Ivan , Ballová Dominika Sónak , Jankovičová Viktória , Ostatníková Daniela 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDermatoglyphic patterns are permanently established and matured before the 24th week of gestation. Their frequencies and localization might be a good indicator of developmental instability in individuals with an altered neurodevelopment and show potential as biomarkers of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, fingerprint pattern counts and fluctuating asymmetry in the distribution of patterns are compared between 67 boys diagnosed with ASD (aged 5.11 ± 2.51 years) and 83 control boys (aged 8.58 ± 3.14 years). Boys with ASD had a higher rate of discordance in their fingerprint patterns (p = .0026), showing more often bilateral differences in the occurrence of certain patterns. A chi‐square test revealed that the difference in pattern frequencies between boys with ASD and the control group is the most significant in frequencies of whorls, tented arches, and ulnar loops. Boys with ASD have significantly fewer ulnar loops, significantly more whorls, and tented arches in the right hand. The achieved results are in favor of the suggestion that prenatal influences, which play a role in the development of bilateral differences in fingerprint patterns up to the 24th week of gestation, may be a potential cause of an altered neurodevelopment in ASD individuals.
Catalytic Behavior of Half‐Metallocene Non‐Cp‐Type Group 4 Metal Complexes (M=Zr, Hf) with a Cyclooctatetraenyl Dianion during Olefin Polymerization
Authors: Toda Tomoyuki , Yamaguchi Takamasa , Takenaka Katsuhiko 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSignificant advancements have been made in metallocene catalysis due to the development of cyclopentadienyl (Cp) ligands by numerous researchers. Furthermore, various ligand combinations have been realized in the last 20 years for the development of post‐metallocene catalysts. Although ligands containing a Cp have been widely reported, only a few reports exist ligands based on other carbon‐only π‐electron moieties. Herein, we focused on the zirconium and hafnium with the 10π‐electron cyclooctatetraenyl (Cot) dianion as an ancillary ligand and investigated the olefin‐polymerization ability of these complexes. Thus, we performed ethylene and ethylene‐1‐octene (co)polymerization using dMAO, MMAO, and Ph3C[B(C6F5)4]/iBu3Al as cocatalysts and confirmed that completion of the polymerization reaction; the catalytic system except dMAO exhibited activities for olefin polymerization to give linear polyethylene or ethylene‐1‐octene copolymer. Furthermore, the zirconium complexes bearing trimethylsilyl‐substituted Cot ligand exhibited enhanced activities for ethylene polymerization compared with an unsubstituted CotZr catalyst.
Reassignment of the Structure of Janthinolide A
Authors: Bates Roderick W. , Elyashberg Mikhail , Kutateladze Andrei G. , Williams Craig M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUsing computational methods and chemical intuition, the proposed structure of janthinolide A is shown to be incorrect. It is further shown that the material described as janthinolide A is highly likely to be janthinolide C.
Effect of malting on physicochemical, antioxidant, and microstructural properties of finger millet (Eleusine coracana) flours
Authors: Murungweni Kundai Thelma , Ramashia Shonisani Eugenia , Mashau Mpho Edward 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFinger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) is a gluten‐free crop with a high amount of fiber, calcium and iron, outstanding malting qualities and a low glycemic index. The study aimed to determine the physicochemical, functional, antioxidant and microstructural properties of malted finger millet (light and dark brown) flours. The two varieties of finger millet grains were germinated for 0, 24, 48 and 72 h and kilned for 8 h. The lightness (L*) values of malted finger millet flours significantly increased, with light brown having the highest L* value of 76.62. The hue angle and total color differences (ΔE) of the malted finger millet flours increased significantly (p ≤ .05.), and values ranged from 63.43° to 71.20° (light brown) and 2.12° to 4.32° (dark brown), respectively. The moisture, ash, fiber, protein, total phenolic, total flavonoids contents and DPPH activity of both malted finger millet flours significantly increased. On the contrary, the fat, carbohydrate, energy contents and FRAP activity significantly decreased with each malting period of both finger millet flours. Both malted finger millet flours' solubility index, water and oil absorption capacity increased significantly while the packed and loose bulk density decreased. Malting had no significant effect on the viscosity of the cold paste; however, a significant decrease in the viscosity of the cooked paste in both finger millet flours was observed, with values ranging from 285 to 424.00 cP (light brown) and 271.33 to 418.00 cP (dark brown), respectively. Malting resulted in changes in the thermal properties of finger millet flours with an increase in the onset, peak and conclusion temperatures. Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectra showed that malting slightly changed the peaks of both finger millet flours. Scanning electron microscopy showed that malting altered the microstructural characteristics of finger millet flours. The results showed that malted finger millet flours are promising raw materials for gluten‐free bakery products.
Improving the microbial quality and sensory properties of pasteurized sweet cream butter during refrigerated storage using chia seed ethanolic extract
Authors: Sadri‐Saeen Zahra , Khani Mohammadreza , Fadaei Vajiheh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractButter is a perishable food, and its microbial deterioration occurs in refrigeration conditions, leading to a reduction in shelf life and a loss of sensory properties. This study aimed to investigate the effect of chia seed extract (CSE) on the microbial and sensory properties of pasteurized sweet cream butter at 2°C. Ethanolic extract of chia seeds was prepared and added to the butter samples in concentrations of 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.25%, and 0.5% (v/w), and its effects on microbiological and sensory quality were evaluated at 15‐day intervals during 60‐day refrigerated storage. The results indicated that the addition of 0.25% and 0.5% CSE to butter treatments decreased total viable counts by 0.25–0.6 log CFU/g, total psychrotrophic counts by 1–1.5 log CFU/g, and coliform counts by 3–4 log CFU/g compared to the control sample on days 45 and 60 of storage. Moreover, concentrations of 0.1%–0.5% CSE reduced mold and yeast counts by 1.5–2.6 log CFU/g on days 30–60 of storage compared to the control sample. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were not detected in any samples during storage. CSE had a significant effect on the sensory properties (except for aroma) of the butter samples during the 60‐day storage. The best color, flavor, and overall acceptance scores were assigned to the treatments containing 0.1%–0.5% CSE compared to the control sample. It could be concluded that adding 0.1% and 0.25% CSE to refrigerated and pasteurized butter can retard microbial spoilage and improve its sensory properties at the same time.
Sulforaphane ameliorate Arsenic induced cardiotoxicity in rats: Role of PI3k/Akt mediated Nrf2 signaling pathway
Authors: Thangapandiyan Shanmugam , Hema Tamilselvan , Miltonprabu Selvaraj , Paulpandi Manickam , Dutta Uma 
Published: October 2023

AbstractArsenic (As) toxicity can generate reactive free radicals, which play an important role in the evolution of cardiomyopathy. The aim of this research is to see if sulforaphane (SFN) protects against As‐induced heart damage, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial complex dysfunction via the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway. The rats were placed into four groups, each with eight rats. Group 1: Normal rats (control group); Group 2: Treatment group (5 mg/kg body weight); Group 3: SFN+As‐treatment group (80 mg/kg body weight + 5 mg/kg body weight); Group 4: SFN group only (80 mg/kg body weight). The swot will last 4 weeks. At the end of the intermission (28 days), all of the rats starved overnight and killed with cervical decapitation. As administration considerably (p < 0.05) inflated the extent of free radicals (O2–, OH–), lipoid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, 4‐hydroxynonenal), lipoid profile (low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, very low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (VLDL‐C), total cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipids), cardiac Troponin (cTnT&I), and Mitochondrial complex III. A noteworthy (p < 0.05) diminish the level of HDL‐C, Mitochondrial complex I and II, enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), and nonenzymatic antioxidant (glutathione and total sulfhydryl groups) and PI3k, Akt, and Nrf2 sequence in As treated rats. The western blot, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, flowcytometric, and histology studies all corroborated the biochemical findings which revealed significant heart damage in rats. Pretreatment with SFN significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the invitro free radicals, lipid oxidative indicators, mitochondrial complex, lipid profiles, and increased phase II antioxidants in the heart. This result shows that dietary supplementation of SFN protects against As‐induced cardiotoxicity via PI3k/Akt/Nrf2 pathway in rats.
Social networking website increases efficacy and engagement in a distance learning course about oral lesions
Authors: Prohny João Paulo , Roxo‐Gonçalves Michelle , Wagner Vivian P. , Corrêa Ana Paula B. , Martins Marco Antonio T. , Martins Manoela D. , Carvalho Fabiana , Gonçalves Marcelo R. , Carrard Vinicius C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeDistance learning appears to be an attractive approach to continuing education courses, but one barrier is maintaining learner engagement throughout the course. The primary aim of this research was to evaluate the operational efficacy of a private Facebook™ group (FG) in serving as a support mechanism for distance learning courses, and its impact on three fundamental dimensions: the attrition rates of participants who did not complete the course (commonly referred to as dropout rates), the rates of course completion and approval, and the overall performance of the participants.MethodsThe participants of this quasi‐experimental study comprised 159 dental students and 565 dentists enrolled in an e‐learning course on oral mucosal lesion diagnosis. Prior to the initiation of the course, all participants were provided with the option to join a private FG. Within this group, moderators shared motivational messages and provided reminders concerning deadlines. Moreover, participants had the opportunity to engage in interactive discussions pertaining to topics related to the course. The course itself followed a self‐guided format, employing the flipped‐classroom methodology, spanning a total of 50 instructional hours. In order to assess the effectiveness of the course, participants were presented with photographs illustrating 30 oral lesions and were asked to propose diagnostic hypotheses both before and after the educational intervention (pre‐tests and post‐tests).ResultsDentists who participated in the FG exhibited a significantly lower rate of discontinuation. As for dental students, their involvement in the group was positively associated with better performance, as determined by the percentage of accurate diagnostic hypotheses (a minimum of 70% correct responses was required for their approval in the course).ConclusionsFacebook™ demonstrates promise as a supplementary pedagogical tool in distance education courses. The interactive nature of the platform has the potential to alleviate the inherent challenges of remote learning.
Marine actinomyceteStreptomyces variabilisS26 as a biocontrol agent for vibriosis in shrimp larval rearing systems
Authors: Solomon Solly , Babu Divya T. , Gopalakrishnan Sumitha , Augustine Deepthi , Kachiprath Bhavya , Kesavan Dhanya , Sarasan Manomi , Philip Rosamma 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIndiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant microbes and the loss of natural flora in aquaculture systems necessitating the ban of many of these chemotherapeutants in aquaculture. Actinobacteria play a profound role in the biogeochemical cycling in the marine environment and represent the principal source of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial property. In the present study, 98 marine‐derived actinomycete isolates were screened for antimicrobial activity against the common aquatic pathogens. A potent actinomycete isolate S26, identified asStreptomyces variabilisbased on 16 S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing was then checked for the production of antibiotic in five different fermentation media and the one which showed maximum production was chosen for further study. Optimization of the fermentation medium for secondary metabolite production was carried out by response surface methodology (RSM) using DESIGN EXPERT. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the quadratic regression model demonstrated that the model was highly significant for the response concerned that is, antimicrobial activity as evident from the Fisher'sF‐ test with a very low probability value [(Pmodel>F) = 0.0001]. Of the 10 different solutions suggested by the software, the most suitable composition was found to be starch, 1.38%; soy powder, 0.88%; ammonium sulfate, 0.16% and salinity, 27.76‰.S. variabilisS26 cultured in the optimized production medium was applied in thePenaeus monodonlarval rearing system and the totalVibriocount and survival rate were estimated.S. variabilisS26 treatment showed a significant reduction in vibrios and conferred better protection toP. monodonin culture system compared with control.
Spatiotemporal variability of precipitation concentration in Pakistan
Authors: Zaman Muhammad , Shahid Muhammad Adnan , Ahmad Ijaz , Shen Yan‐Jun , Usman Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Imran , Saifullah Muhammad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrecipitation is a meteorological variable that plays a vital role in determining water resources and managing water risks. The intensity and frequency of precipitation extremes have increased in recent years; however, the changes in precipitation regimes across Pakistan remain unclear. This study analysed spatial and temporal changes in the precipitation concentration index (PCI) and concentration index (CI) from 100 meteorological stations across Pakistan from 1981 to 2017. Using innovative trend analysis (ITA) and Pettitt's test, we detected trends and change points in the annual and wet season PCI and CI. Additionally, we examined the relationship between PCI/CI values and latitude and altitude. The results revealed that the CI and PCI ranged between 0.48–0.78 and 10–55, respectively, with higher values being more prevalent in the dry and hot zones of the country. The study established a linear relationship between PCI/CI values, latitude and altitude, with higher values at lower altitudes and a decrease in values from south to north. Most stations presented a significant positive ITA trend for PCI and CI from 1981 to 2017, with a change between 1985 and 1995, indicating an overall increase in heavy precipitation events in the area. These findings are crucial for disaster preparedness, water resource planning, the mitigation of drought and flood risks, and conservation efforts.