bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrically induced vasomotor responses and their propagation in rat renal vessels In vivo
Authors: Steinhausen Michael , Endlich Karlhans , Nobiling Rainer , Parekh Niranjan , Schütt Florian 
Published: September 2004

Vasomotor responses (VMR) induced by local electrical stimulation were studied in the vasculature of the split hydronephrotic rat kidney by in vivo microscopy.
Unipolar pulses, which were applied by a micropipette positioned close to the vessel wall, elicited local and propagated VMR. Depolarizing and hyperpolarizing currents caused vaso‐constriction and vasodilatation, respectively.
The magnitude of VMR could be controlled within seconds by variation of pulse frequency, pulse width and voltage. VMR were abolished by slight retraction of the stimulating micro‐pipette. Repetitive electrical stimulation resulted in reproducibly uniform VMR.
Propagated VMR decayed with increasing distance from the stimulation site. They decayed more rapidly in the upstream than in the downstream flow direction in interlobular arteries. The longitudinal decay was well approximated by an exponential function with significantly different length constants of 150 ± 40 μm (upstream, n= 5) and 420 ± 90 μm (downstream, n=8).
Our results show that vasomotor responses, which are initiated by changes in membrane potential, are propagated over distances of potential physiological importance in interlobular arteries.
TEM evidence for eukaryotic diversity in mid‐Proterozoic oceans
Authors: JAVAUX EMMANUELLE J. , KNOLL ANDREW H. , WALTER MALCOLM R. 
Published: September 2004

ABSTRACTBiomarker molecular fossils in 2770 Ma shales suggest that the Eucarya diverged from other principal domains early in Earth history. Nonetheless, at present, the oldest fossils that can be assigned to an extant eukaryotic clade are filamentous red algae preserved in ca. 1200 Ma cherts from Arctic Canada. Between these records lies a rich assortment of potentially protistan microfossils. Combined light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy on 1500‐1400 Ma fossils from the Roper Group, Australia, and broadly coeval rocks from China show that these intermediate assemblages do indeed include a moderate diversity of eukaryotic remains. In particular, preserved cell wall ultrastructure, observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), can help to bridge the current stratigraphic gap between the unambiguous eukaryotic morphologies of later Proterozoic assemblages and molecular biomarkers in much older rocks.
Archaeal phylotypes in a metal‐rich and low‐activity deep subsurface sediment of the Peru Basin, ODP Leg 201, Site 1231
Authors: SØRENSEN K. B. , LAUER A. , TESKE A. 
Published: September 2004

ABSTRACTSite 1231 of the Ocean Drilling Project (ODP) was characterized by low concentrations of organic carbon, as well as low cell numbers and biological activity rates. A 16S rRNA survey was performed in order to analyse the microbial community composition of these central oceanic sediments. Archaeal 16S rRNA genes from subsurface sediments at Site 1231 (1.8, 9.0, and 43 mbsf) were affiliated with uncultured lineages from subsurface or hydrothermal vent habitats. Members of the Marine Group I (MGI) found in the 1.8 mbsf sediment formed distinct clusters, some dominated by phylotypes from Site 1231 and other subsurface environments. The archaeal community survey at Site 1231 indicated that several archaeal lineages were widespread in subsurface environments, marine sediments as well as hydrothermal habitats.
Hydrogen isotope fractionation during H2/CO2 acetogenesis: hydrogen utilization efficiency and the origin of lipid‐bound hydrogen
Authors: VALENTINE D. L. , SESSIONS A. L. , TYLER S. C. , CHIDTHAISONG A. 
Published: September 2004

ABSTRACTHydrogen metabolism was studied in the anaerobic bacterium, Sporomusa sp. strain DMG 58, by measuring natural abundance levels of deuterium in H2, H2O, and individual fatty acids during acetogenic growth on H2/CO2. Four cultures were grown, each in medium with a distinct hydrogen‐isotopic composition (δD‐H2O). The δD value of H2 was quantified in the residual gas exiting the growth chambers and found to decrease concurrently with net H2 consumption, indicating rapid isotope exchange between H2 and H2O. An isotopic mass balance was used to constrain the efficiency with which H2 was activated by the cell and the reducing equivalents catabolized, which we term the H2 utilization efficiency. Results indicate that H2 utilization efficiency in these cultures is less than 20% during the growth phase, and less than 2% after the growth phase. The gross rate of cellular H2 activation was similar in the growth phase and afterward. Biomass harvested at the end of each experiment was used to analyse the D/H of individual membrane lipids. Values of δD were highly correlated between lipids and water (δD‐lipids = 0.59 × δD‐water – 381‰; R2 = 0.995), indicating the source of lipid hydrogen is in isotopic equilibrium with water. Results are consistent with two possibilities: (i) water is the sole source of hydrogen to lipids, and the fractionation during biosynthesis is significantly larger than previously observed (α = 0.59), or (ii) hydrogen from H2 is incorporated into lipids, but only after reaching isotopic equilibrium with H2O. Fatty acids were strongly depleted in deuterium relative to all other organisms studied thus far, and such large depletions may prove useful as biomarkers for studying H2 cycling in anoxic environments as well as in the geological record.
Fructose overload modifies vascular morphology and prostaglandin production in rats
Authors: Puyó A. M. , Mayer M. A. , Cavallero S. , Donoso A. S. , Peredo H. A. 
Published: September 2004

Summary 1 A fructose (Fru)‐enriched diet induces a mild increase in blood pressure associated with hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, and insulin resistance, resembling the human ‘syndrome X’, being an useful model to study hypertension and type 2 diabetes. 2 A sustained elevation of blood pressure is associated with cardiovascular structural modifications such as left ventricular hypertrophy and increased wall thickness:lumen diameter ratio in blood vessels. 3 Prostanoids (PR), metabolites of arachidonic acid through the cyclooxygenase pathway, include vasoactive substances synthesized and released by the vessel walls. 4 The aim of the present study was to analyse, in Fru‐treated rats: (i) the morphology of mesenteric vessels and; (ii) the PR production in aorta and mesenteric vessels, in order to assess whether these parameters are related with the haemodynamic alterations observed in this experimental model. 5 Blood pressure, glycaemia and triglyceridaemia, were significantly elevated in both (4 and 22 weeks) Fru‐treated groups. Meanwhile body and heart weight as well as insulinaemia were similar between experimental animals and controls. 6 The mesenteric vessels of Fru‐treated rats (22 weeks) showed an increased thickness and area of the media when compared with the controls; meanwhile, the lumen diameter was similar in both groups. 7 The Fru treatment for 4 weeks did not modify PR production in aorta, whereas in the mesenteric bed it diminished prostaglandin (PG) E2 release significantly compared with the controls. However, in the group treated for 22 weeks, Fru reduced PGI2 production in the aorta, as assessed by 6‐keto‐PGF1α measurements. Meanwhile, in the mesenteric bed, the chronic Fru treatment decreased PGE2 release but, rather surprisingly, increased the output of PGI2 when compared with its corresponding controls. 8 In conclusion, the present study shows the existence of an alteration in the morphology of mesenteric vessels in Fru‐treated rats, which could be related to an increase in peripheral resistance and the consequent mild hypertension observed in this model. However, a diminished release of vasodilator PRs, such as PGE2 in mesenteric vessels at 4 and 22 weeks and PGI2 in aorta at 22 weeks could further impair the vessel response. The increase in PGI2 observed in the chronic group in mesenteric vessels could be attributed to a compensatory mechanism.
Identifying women at‐risk for postpartum depression in the immediate postpartum period
Authors: Dennis C.‐L. E. , Janssen P. A. , Singer J. 
Published: September 2004

Objective:  To develop a multifactorial predictive model of depressive symptomatology in the first week postpartum in order to assist in targeted screening procedures.Method:  As part of a longitudinal study, a population‐based sample of 594 mothers in a health region near Vancouver, British Columbia completed a mailed questionnaire at 1‐week postpartum that included diverse risk factors from the following domains: sociodemographic, biological, pregnancy‐related, life stressors, social support, obstetric and adjustment to motherhood. Following univariate analysis, sequential regression analysis was completed to develop a multifactorial predictive model.Results:  In the multivariate model, the factors predictive of depressive symptomatology at 1‐week postpartum included immigration within the last 5 years, history of depression independent of childbirth, diagnosis of pregnancy‐induced hypertension, vulnerable personality style, stressful life events, lack of perceived support, lack of readiness for hospital discharge and dissatisfaction with infant feeding method.Conclusion:  The findings suggest that several risk factors for depressive symptomatology in the immediate postpartum period are consistent with previously identified factors but other factors such as recent immigrant status, feeling unready for hospital discharge, dissatisfaction with their infant feeding method, and pregnancy‐induced hypertension should also be examined.
Prevalence of bipolar disorder in the general population: a Reappraisal Study of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study
Authors: Regeer E. J. , Ten Have M. , Rosso M. L. , Hakkaart‐van Roijen L. , Vollebergh W. , Nolen W. A. 
Published: September 2004

Objective:  The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS) is a Dutch population study using a fully structured interview (Composite International Diagnostic Interview, CIDI), administered by trained interviewers. Based on all three assessments of NEMESIS, 2.4% of the respondents were identified with lifetime bipolar disorder (DSM‐III‐R).The primary aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of bipolar disorder in the same population based on a semistructured interview administered by clinicians.Method:  Seventy‐four persons identified with a lifetime CIDI/DSM‐III‐R bipolar disorder and 40 persons with a major depressive disorder (MDD) were reinterviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID).Results:  Based on the SCID, 30 of 74 respondents with a CIDI/DSM‐III‐R bipolar disorder and eight of 40 respondents with MDD met DSM‐IV criteria for bipolar disorder or cyclothymia, corresponding with an adjusted lifetime prevalence in these groups of 1% (95% CI: 0.7–1.3%) and 4.2% (95% CI: 1.6–6.9%) respectively.Conclusion:  Compared with the SCID, the CIDI on the one hand overdiagnoses bipolar disorder but on the other hand underdiagnoses bipolar disorder.
Early detection of relapse in panic disorder
Authors: Mavissakalian M. R. , Guo S. 
Published: September 2004

Objective:  To explore predictive models of relapsing based on change in symptoms at a time when panic disorder patients are still in remission following discontinuation of antidepressants.Method:  Forty‐seven subjects, who were randomized to double‐blind placebo and who had valid data at four time points: pretreatment, randomization to placebo substitution, an assessment on placebo prior to the last assessment or relapse and their last assessment (relapsers n = 15, non‐relapsers n = 32) were studied using descriptive, growth curve analysis and logistic regression methodologies.Results:  Measures of generalized anxiety, fearfulness and disability at work and at home were better predictors of relapse than measures of panic and anxiety sensitivity. Logistic regression models using any one of these four general variables and its linear change correctly predicted relapse for 78.7–84.4% of the study subjects.Conclusion:  It is possible to gauge, with a fair degree of accuracy, the probability of relapsing in panic disorder patients who have discontinued serotonergic antidepressants 2 months prior to the return of panic.
Predictors of parenting outcome in women with psychotic disorders discharged from mother and baby units
Authors: Howard L. M. , Thornicroft G. , Salmon M. , Appleby L. 
Published: September 2004

Objective:  To compare the social and clinical characteristics of mothers with psychotic disorders with parenting difficulties, with mothers with no significant parenting problems.Method:  Descriptive and case–control study.Results:  Over half of the women with psychotic disorders admitted to psychiatric mother and baby units had a good outcome at the time of discharge – 70% did not need social services supervision, and had no significant parenting problem as judged by clinical staff. Diagnosis was independently associated with all measures of poor parenting; compared with a diagnosis of psychotic depression, a diagnosis of schizophrenia was highly significantly associated with social services supervision [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 25.7; 95% CI 5.97, 111.05], and staff rated problems with emotional responsiveness (adjusted OR 3.39;95% CI 1.42, 8.08), practical baby care (adjusted OR 6.07; 95% CI 2.12, 17.39), and perceived risk of harm to baby (adjusted OR 7.81; 95% CI. 2, 30.53). Low social class and psychiatric illness in the partner were also significantly associated with poor parenting outcomes, including social services supervision (adjusted OR 3.88; 95% CI 2.07, 7.25 and 4.23; 95% CI 2.1, 8.55, respectively).Conclusions:  Although these associations do not demonstrate causality, these findings suggest preventative interventions targeting socio‐economic difficulties, early treatment of psychosis, and detection and treatment of psychiatric problems in the partner may be helpful in improving parenting outcomes in these vulnerable families.
Early maternal stress and health behaviours and offspring expression of psychosis in adolescence
Authors: Spauwen J. , Krabbendam L. , Lieb R. , Wittchen H. U. , van Os J. 
Published: September 2004

Objective:  It has been suggested that influences operating early in life may affect the risk of postpubertal psychosis outcomes. This hypothesis was tested using a broad outcome of psychotic symptoms expressed in adolescence (prevalence: 15.6%).Method:  Findings are based on a longitudinal, population‐based cohort study of 963 adolescents aged 15–20 years and their parents in the area of Munich, Germany. Trained psychologists assessed adolescents with the Munich‐Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Independently, direct diagnostic interviews were conducted with the parents.Results:  A range of medical complications of pregnancy and delivery, including lower birth weight, were not associated with the psychosis outcome. However, a number of maternal health behaviours and experiences did show associations, independent of confounders.Conclusion:  Not maternally reported medical complications of pregnancy and delivery, but maternal prenatal health behaviours predicted expression of psychosis along a continuum in adolescence. This effect may either be direct or constitute a proxy for later postnatal maternal behaviours associated with psychosis risk in the offspring.
Functional defect of regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells in the thymus of patients with autoimmune myasthenia gravis
Authors: Balandina Anna , Lécart Sandrine , Dartevelle Philippe , Saoudi Abdelhadi , Berrih-Aknin Sonia 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThymus-derived CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for the maintenance of immunologic self-tolerance. Despite their critical role in the active suppression of experimental autoimmune disorders, little is known about their involvement in human autoimmune diseases. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a CD4+ T cell–dependent autoimmune disease and the thymus is assumed to be the initiation site. To identify possible defects in the Treg cells in MG, we analyzed CD4+CD25+ cells in thymi from patients with MG compared to those from healthy subjects. We found a normal CD4+CD25+ number but a severe functional defect in their regulatory activity together with a decreased expression of the transcription factor, Foxp3, which is essential for T-cell regulatory function. The phenotypic analysis of CD4+CD25+ thymocytes revealed an increased number of activated effector cells with strong Fas expression in patients with MG. However, whatever their level of Fas, CD4+CD25+ thymocytes from patients with MG remained unable to suppress the proliferation of responding cells, indicating that the impaired Treg cell function is not due to contamination by activated effector T cells. These data are the first to demonstrate a severe functional impairment of thymic Treg cells in MG, which could contribute to the onset of this autoimmune disease.
Imatinib mesylate (STI-571) enhances antigen-presenting cell function and overcomes tumor-induced CD4+ T-cell tolerance
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Cheng Fengdong , Cuenca Alex , Horna Pedro , Zheng Zheng , Bhalla Kapil , Sotomayor Eduardo M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractTumor antigen–specific T-cell tolerance imposes a significant barrier to the development of effective therapeutic cancer vaccines. Bone marrow–derived antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are critical in the induction of this unresponsive state. Here we show that in vitro treatment of APCs with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib mesylate (STI-571), enhances the activation of naive antigen-specific T cells and restores the responsiveness of tolerant T cells from tumor-bearing hosts. Furthermore, in vivo treatment with STI-571 not only prevented the induction of tolerance in tumor-specific CD4+ T cells, preserving their responsiveness to a subsequent immunization, but also resulted in enhanced vaccine efficacy. These findings demonstrate that tolerance to tumor antigens is not an insurmountable obstacle and points to modulation of APC function as a promising strategy in the immunotherapy of cancer.
Identification of cooperative genes for NUP98-HOXA9 in myeloid leukemogenesis using a mouse model
Authors: Iwasaki Masayuki , Kuwata Takeshi , Yamazaki Yukari , Jenkins Nancy A. , Copeland Neal G. , Osato Motomi , Ito Yoshiaki , Kroon Evert , Sauvageau Guy , Nakamura Takuro 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe chromosomal translocation t(7; 11)(p15;p15), observed in human myeloid leukemia, results in a NUP98 and HOXA9 gene fusion. We generated a transgenic mouse line that specifically expressed the chimeric NUP98-HOXA9 gene in the myeloid lineage. While only 20% of the transgenic mice progressed to leukemia after a latency period, myeloid progenitor cells from nonleukemic transgenic mice still exhibited increased proliferative potential. This suggested that the NUP98-HOXA9 fusion induced a preleukemic phase, and other factors were required for complete leukemogenesis. NUP98-HOXA9 expression promoted the onset of retrovirus-induced BXH2 myeloid leukemia. This phenomenon was used to identify cooperative disease genes as common integration sites (CISs). Meis1, a known HOX cofactor, was identified as a CIS with a higher integration frequency in transgenic than in wild-type BXH2 mice. By the same means we identified further 4 candidate cooperative genes, Dnalc4, Fcgr2b, Fcrl, and Con1. These genes cooperated with NUP98-HOXA9 in transforming NIH 3T3 cells. The system described here is a powerful tool to identify cooperative oncogenes and will assist in the clarification of the multistep process of carcinogenesis.
Influence of CD33 expression levels and ITIM-dependent internalization on gemtuzumab ozogamicin–induced cytotoxicity
Authors: Walter Roland B. , Raden Brian W. , Kamikura Darren M. , Cooper Jonathan A. , Bernstein Irwin D. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractGemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO; Mylotarg), a novel immunoconjugate used for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), contains the humanized anti-CD33 antibody (hP67.6) as a carrier to facilitate cellular uptake of the toxic calicheamicin-γ1 derivative. By use of lentivirus-mediated gene transfer to manipulate CD33 expression in myeloid cell lines that normally lack CD33 (murine 32D cells) or have very low levels of CD33 (human OCI-AML3 and KG-1a cells), we here show a quantitative relationship between CD33 expression and GO-induced cytotoxicity. The CD33 cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) control internalization of antibody bound to CD33. Disruption of the ITIMs by introduction of point mutations not only prevented effective internalization of antibody-bound CD33 but also significantly reduced GO-induced cytotoxicity. Together, our data imply a pivotal role of both the number of CD33 molecules expressed on the cell surface and the amount of internalization of CD33 following antibody binding for GO-induced cytotoxicity and suggest novel therapeutic approaches for improvement of clinical outcome of patients treated with GO.
Characterization and phylogenetic epitope mapping of CD38 ADPR cyclase in the cynomolgus macaque
Authors: Ferrero Enza , Orciani Monia , Vacca Paola , Ortolan Erika , Crovella Sergio , Titti Fausto , Saccucci Franca , Malavasi Fabio 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
Background
The CD38 transmembrane glycoprotein is an ADP-ribosyl cyclase that moonlights as a receptor in cells of the immune system. Both functions are independently implicated in numerous areas related to human health. This study originated from an inherent interest in studying CD38 in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis), a species closely related to humans that also represents a cogent animal model for the biomedical analysis of CD38.

Results
A cDNA was isolated from cynomolgus macaque peripheral blood leukocytes and is predicted to encode a type II membrane protein of 301 amino acids with 92% identity to human CD38. Both RT-PCR-mediated cDNA cloning and genomic DNA PCR surveying were possible with heterologous human CD38 primers, demonstrating the striking conservation of CD38 in these primates. Transfection of the cDNA coincided with: (i) surface expression of cynomolgus macaque CD38 by immunofluorescence; (ii) detection of ~42 and 84 kDa proteins by Western blot and (iii) the appearance of ecto-enzymatic activity. Monoclonal antibodies were raised against the cynomolgus CD38 ectodomain and were either species-specific or cross-reactive with human CD38, in which case they were directed against a common disulfide-requiring conformational epitope that was mapped to the C-terminal disulfide loop.

Conclusion
This multi-faceted characterization of CD38 from cynomolgus macaque demonstrates its high genetic and biochemical similarities with human CD38 while the immunological comparison adds new insights into the dominant epitopes of the primate CD38 ectodomain. These results open new prospects for the biomedical and pharmacological investigations of this receptor-enzyme.
Development of a method for screening short-lived proteins using green fluorescent protein
Authors: Jiang Xin , Coffino Philip , Li Xianqiang 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe have developed a screening technology for the identification of short-lived proteins. A green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion cDNA library was generated for monitoring degradation kinetics. Cells expressing a subset of the GFP-cDNA expression library were screened to recover those in which the fluorescence signal diminished rapidly when protein synthesis was inhibited. Thirty clones that met the screening criteria were characterized individually. Twenty-three (73%) proved to have a half-life of 4 hours or less.