bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental provision of large woody debris in streams as a trout management technique
Authors: Lehane B.M. , Giller P.S. , O'Halloran J. , Smith C. , Murphy J. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract
The natural stock of large woody debris (LWD) in the afforested Douglas River (Fermoy, Co. Cork) is very low relative to old‐growth forests, which seems to arise from deficiency both of supply and retention. Woody debris is important to the ecology and physical structure of forest streams, so its abundance is relevant to aquatic conservation and the maintenance and size of salmonid fish stocks.
The physical characteristics and fish stocks of 16 contiguous segments of two 200 m stream reaches were surveyed in spring 1998 prior to the installation of 12 partially spanning debris structures on four of the segments. This study investigated the effect of debris structures on the heterogeneity of flow and substratum, and the distribution of brown trout (Salmo trutta), and assessed the potential use of woody debris manipulation as a tool in the management of forest streams.
Surveys of stream habitat conditions over a 2 year period following the installation of woody debris showed a change in stream architecture. This created more suitable habitat for trout through development of additional pools in which beds of fine sediment developed, and constraining the main current, increasing the amount of eddies and slack water areas.
There were significant increases in trout density and biomass in the debris segments relative to control segments without debris dams 1 and 2 years after debris addition, although trout condition was not modified by the addition of LWD. These results suggest that the addition of woody debris offers a positive and practical management technique for enhancing fish in plantation forest streams.
Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Value of laboratory tests in early prediction of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Saraux Alaian , Berthelot Jean M. , Gérard Chalès  , Le Henaff Catherine , Mary Jean Y. , Thorel Jean B. , Hoang Sylvie , Dueymes Maryvonne , Allain Jérôme , Devauchelle Valerie , Baron Dominique , Le Goff Paul , Youinou Pierre 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo determine which laboratory test or tests at presentation best predicted a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 2 years later.MethodsTwo hundred seventy patients with early arthritis seen in 7 hospitals underwent comprehensive evaluations at 6‐month intervals for 2 years, when the diagnosis of RA was assessed by 5 rheumatologists. The sensitivity and specificity of each test at the first visit for discriminating between RA (38%, n = 98) and non–RA patients were determined. Optimal cutoffs for continuous tests were derived from receiver operating characteristic curves. Sensitivity and specificity of test combinations selected by multiple logistic regression were determined.ResultsIgM rheumatoid factor (RF) by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, IgG‐antikeratin antibody (AKA), and latex test had the strongest associations with RA. These 3 tests formed the most powerful combination for distinguishing RA from non–RA.ConclusionIgM‐RF, IgG‐AKA, and the latex test are the best laboratory tests for discriminating between patients with and without RA. Combining these tests slightly improves diagnostic value.
RNA commutes to work: regulation of plant gene expression by systemically transported RNA molecules
Authors: Ueki Shoko , Citovsky Vitaly 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough long‐distance movement of endogenous mRNAs in plants is well established, the functional contributions of these transported RNA molecules has remained unclear. In a recent report, Kim et al.2001 showed that systemically transported mRNA is capable of causing phenotypic change in developing tissue. Here, this finding and its significance are reviewed and discussed in detail. In addition, in order to give proper perspective, long‐distance transport of other types of RNAs, e.g., RNA elicitors of post‐transcriptional gene silencing and RNA genomes of plant viruses, and its possible regulation are discussed. BioEssays 23:1087–1090, 2001. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Enteric glial cells. An upstream target for induction of necrotizing enterocolitis and Crohn's disease?
Authors: Bush Toby G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAs a direct consequence of the sophisticated arrangement of its intrinsic neurons, the gastrointestinal tract is unique among peripheral organs, in its ability to mediate its own reflexes. Neurons of the enteric nervous system are intimately associated with enteric glial cells. These supporting cells do not resemble Schwann cells, the glial cell found in all other parts of the peripheral nervous system, but share many similarities with astrocytes of the central nervous system. Ablation of enteric glial cells in adult transgenic mice has demonstrated that these cells are essential to maintain the integrity of the small intestine. Acute loss of enteric glial cells induces massive pathological changes with similarities to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and early Crohn's disease. These human conditions share some mechanistic similarities. Identification of enteric glial cell dysfunction/loss as sufficient to induce necrotic/inflammatory bowel disease may be important to understand the pathogenesis of both NEC and Crohn's disease. BioEssays 24:130–140, 2002. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tetrazole analogues of cyclolinopeptide A: Synthesis, conformation, and biology
Authors: Kaczmarek Krzysztof , Jankowski Stefan , Siemion Ignacy Z. , Wieczorek Zbigniew , Benedetti Ettore , Di Lello Paola , Isernia Carla , Saviano Michele , Zabrocki Janusz 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLinear and cyclic analogues of cyclolinopeptide A (CLA) with two dipeptide segments (Val5Pro6 and Pro6Pro7) replaced by their tetrazole derivatives were synthesized by the SPPS technique and cyclized using TBTU (O‐(benzotriazol‐1‐yl)‐1,1,3,3‐tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate) reagent. The conformational properties of the c(Leu1Ile2Ile3Leu4Val5Pro6 ψ[CN4]Ala7Phe8Phe9) were investigated by NMR and computational techniques. The overall solution structure of this cyclic peptide resembles that observed for the CLA in the solid state. These studies of cyclic tetrazole CLA analogue confirm that the 1,5‐disubstituted tetrazole ring functions as an effective, well‐tolerated cis‐amide bond mimic in solution. The peptides were examined for their immunosuppressive activity in the humoral response test. For cyclic analogues the immunosuppressive activity, at low doses, is equal in magnitude to the activity presented by cyclosporin A and native CLA. The conformational and biological data seem indicate that the ProProPhePhe moiety and the preservation of the CLA backbone conformation are important for immunosuppressive activity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 63: 343–357, 2002
Kinetic multichannel spectroscopy of biological molecules: Decomposition of the spectral matrix
Authors: Zimányi László 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe time‐resolved difference spectra after flash excitation of various biological molecules are measured on a gated optical multichannel analyzer. Electron transfer between the photoactive covalent label thiouredopyrene‐trisulfonate and the heme of cytochrome c and the photocycle of the E204Q mutant bacteriorhodopsin are studied. The spectral matrices containing consecutive difference spectra are analyzed to reveal the reaction kinetics and individual component spectra. Singular value decomposition combined with stoichiometric analysis and self‐modeling is demonstrated as a tool for successful dissection of the matrix, despite the difficulties arising from broad, featureless, overlapping spectra and the overlapping kinetics of the components. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 67: 263–266, 2002
Unusual swelling of elastin
Authors: Lillie M. A. , Gosline J. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe swelling behavior of the elastin network has been investigated by comparing the linear expansion of samples of purified elastin with the volume expansion of the network, calculated on the basis of composition. Elastin sample dimensions and sample masses were measured under three conditions in which volume changes: thermal expansion at fixed water contents, deswelling due to dehydration, and swelling to greater than normal levels due to the swelling agent, sodium dodecyl sulfate. Isotropic network swelling usually changes length in proportion to the cube root of network volume, but length was found to be directly proportional to volume, showing a greater increase in length than expected. This unusual swelling behavior is attributed to an unusual elastin structure at the subfiber level, but there is insufficient detail on elastin's molecular organization to identify a mechanism to explain how it occurs. Assuming the network swells homogeneously, we describe two models that correctly predict swelling behavior, but these models imply a significant deviation from the structure generally assumed for an elastomeric polymer network of kinetically free molecular chains. Assuming that the network swells heterogeneously removes part of the difficulty with the models, but the observed direct proportionality between length and network volume remains to be explained. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 64: 115–126, 2002
Development of a process model to describe the synthesis of (R)‐mandelonitrile by Prunus amygdalus hydroxynitrile lyase in an aqueous–organic biphasic reactor
Authors: Willeman Wouter F. , Gerrits Pieter Jan , Hanefeld Ulf , Brussee Johannes , Straathof Adrie J. J. , van der Gen Arne , Heijnen Joseph J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA process model for the enzymatic synthesis of (R)‐cyanohydrins in an aqueous–organic biphasic‐stirred tank reactor was developed. The conversion of benzal‐dehyde into (R)‐mandelonitrile, catalyzed by Prunus amygdalus hydroxynitrile lyase at 5°C and pH 5.5, was chosen as a model system with methyl tert‐butyl ether as the organic phase. The process model consisted of a description of the reaction kinetics, mass transfer kinetics, and the mass balances for both the aqueous and the organic phase. Values for the enzyme kinetic parameters, according to ordered bi‐uni kinetics, the lumped mass transfer coefficient for benzaldehyde, and the partition coefficients were determined separately. The process model is validated by using 11 experimental data sets of batch conversions in the aqueous–organic biphasic‐stirred tank reactor. In these 11 experiments, different enzyme concentrations and phase volume ratios were used. The model was found to be valid with respect to both the conversion and the enantiomeric excess. To synthesize cyanohydrins with a high enantiomeric excess, the enzyme is required to work at mass transfer limited conditions. The developed process model will be used to investigate other process concepts and other substrates. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 77: 239–247, 2002.
Production of chiral R‐3‐hydroxyalkanoic acids and R‐3‐hydroxyalkanoic acid methylesters via hydrolytic degradation of polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesized by pseudomonads
Authors: de Roo Guy , Kellerhals Michele B. , Ren Qun , Witholt Bernard , Kessler Birgit 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel and efficient method for the production of enantiomericaly pure R‐3‐hydroxyalkanoic acids and R‐3‐hydroxyalkanoic acid methylesters was developed. The described method is based on hydrolysis of poly(hydroxyalkanoate) copolymers synthesized by Pseudomonas putida. The polymer was isolated via solvent recovery and hydrolyzed by acid methanolysis. The obtained 3‐hydroxyalkanoic acid methylester mixture was distilled into several fractions with an overall yield of 96.6% (w/w). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the fractions showed that 3‐hydroxyhexanoic‐, 3‐hydroxyoctanoic‐, 3 hydroxydecanoic‐, and 3‐hydroxydodecanoic acid methylesters were enriched to purities exceeding 96 mol%, with distillation yields of 99.9, 99.8, 88.4, and 56.8% (w/w), respectively. Subsequent saponification of the purified methylester fractions yielded the corresponding 3‐hydroxyalkanoic acids, which were recovered up to 92.8% (w/w). Chiral gas chromatography analysis confirmed that both 3‐hydroxyoctanoic acid and 3‐hydroxyoctanoic acid methylester are present in the R‐form at a very high enantiomeric excess (>99.9%). © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 77: 717–722, 2002.
Formation of metabolites during biodegradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor under thermophilic conditions
Authors: Mogensen A. S. , Ahring B. K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBiodegradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) was shown in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor under thermophilic conditions. The reactor was inoculated with granular biomass and fed with a synthetic medium and 3 μmol/L of a mixture of LAS with alkylchain length of 10 to 13 carbon atoms. The reactor was operated with a hydraulic retention time of 12 h with effluent recirculation in an effluent to influent ratio of 5 to 1. A sterile reactor operated in parallel revealed that sorption to sludge particles initially accounted for a major LAS removal. After 8 days of reactor operation, the removal of LAS in the reactor inoculated with active granular biomass exceeded the removal in the sterile reactor inoculated with sterile granular biomass. The effect of sorption ceased after 185 to 555 h depending on the LAS homologs. 40% of the LAS was biodegraded, and the removal rate was 0.5 × 10−6mol/h/mL granular biomass. Acidified effluent from the reactor was subjected to dichloromethane extraction followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Benzenesulfonic acid and benzaldehyde were detected in the reactor effluent from the reactor with active granular biomass but not in the sterile and unamended reactor effluent. Benzenesulfonic acid and benzaldehyde are the first identified degradation products in the anaerobic degradation of LAS. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 77: 483–488, 2002; DOI 10.1002/bit.10195
Changing economies of scale – synergies between implementation of an ecological tax reform and development of industrial ecosystems
Authors: Bey Christoph 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper an investigation is presented into the long‐term effects of an ecological tax reform. Exploring time frames of different length, the paper considers the reform's effects on manufacturing systems, especially on economies of scale. Industrial ecology, a framework for restructuring into industrial ecosystems, is one attempt at transforming the socio‐economic system for sustainability. The paper points out the synergetic effects an ecological tax reform has with those restructuring efforts for sustainable industry and society. For that purpose, the economies of scale in the current linear production system and those found in the closed‐loop circular structures of industrial ecosystems are compared, and the paper is concluded by a discussion of opportunity costs of implementation of an ecological tax reform and industrial ecological restructuring. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Circular dichroism and absorption studies of (‐)‐2,2′‐dimethyl‐4,5‐(1‐naphthyl)‐1,3‐dioxolane in terms of vibronic coupling theory
Authors: Makowski Marcin , Pilch Mariusz , Pawlikowski Marek T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectra of (‐)‐2,2′‐dimethyl‐4,5‐(1‐naphthyl)‐1,3‐dioxolane (DND) were studied in the energy region 30,000 cm−1 to 50,000 cm−1. The DND ketal is treated as a naphthalene dimer and its spectra are interpreted in terms of a vibronic dimer model which includes the 1La and 1Bb states of the naphthalene chromophore. To fix the most stable conformation of DND molecule, the MNDO/AM1, RHF/6‐31G, and SVWN5, BPW91 methods are employed with 6‐31G and 6‐31G(d',p') basis sets. All the methods are shown to yield the DND geometry that is entirely consistent with the CD and absorption spectra studied. Chirality 14:274–283, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effective enzymatic resolution of rac‐1‐(3‐trifluoromethylphenyl)propan‐2‐ol, precursor of fenfluramine
Authors: D'Antona Nicola , Mangiafico Sebastiano , Nicolosi Giovanni 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLipases from Candida antarctica and from Mucor miehei efficiently catalyze the enantioselective esterification of rac‐1‐(3‐trifluoromethylphenyl)propan‐2‐ol. The obtained enantioforms are suitable to prepare both enantiomers of fenfluramine. Chirality 14:325–328, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome arms 3p and 6q in microdissected adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix and adenocarcinoma in situ
Authors: Acevedo Claudia M. , Henríquez Marcela , Emmert‐Buck Michael R. , Chuaqui Rodrigo F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDDespite the increasing frequency of adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix, little is known regarding inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in this tumor type. The authors analyzed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in 36 carcinomas of the cervix with glandular differentiation, and 5 adenocarcinoma in situ in 40 patients.METHODSThe authors analyzed samples using laser capture microdissection from archival material and DNA amplified with microsatellite markers on the following loci: 3p14.2 (D3S1234, D3S1300), 3p21.3 (D3S1029, D3S1447), 3p22‐24 (D3S1537, D3S1351), 6q21‐23.3 (D6S250), 6q25.1 (ESR), 6q25.2 (D6S255), 8p21 (D8S136, D8S1820), 13q12.3 (D13S220, D13S267), 17q21 (D17S579, D17S855). Eight additional markers spanning the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p12‐p25) and six spanning the long arm of chromosome 6 (6q11‐q27) were studied in the cases showing LOH to further define the deletion intervals.RESULTSThe frequency of allelic loss in cancers was chromosome 3p: 49% (p14.2: 35%, p21.3: 23%, p22‐24: 41%), 6q: 48% (q21‐23.1: 39%, q25.1: 45%, q25.2: 7%), 13q: 22%, 17q: 6%, and 8p: 18%. On chromosome arm 3p, the authors' data suggest at least two discrete areas of deletion: a proximal area between markers D3S1234 (p12) and D3S1766 (p14.2‐14.3), and a second distal interval, telomeric from marker D3S4623 (p21.3). On chromosome 6q, the deletion area is between marker D6S300 (q22) and D6S255 (q25.2). Two of five preneoplastic lesions showed LOH on chromosome arm 3p, and two five showed allelic loss on chromosome arm on 6q, suggesting the genes might be inactivated early in cervical tumorigenesis.CONCLUSIONSThe authors have identified three chromosomal regions that may harbor TSGs involved in the development/progression of adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix, 3p12‐14.2, 3p21.3‐pter, and 6q22‐25.2. Deletions also were detected in adenocarcinoma in situ, suggesting the genes may be inactivated early in cervical tumorigenesis. Cancer 2002;94:793–802. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10275
Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastric involvement by adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma
Authors: Ohnita Ken , Isomoto Hajime , Mizuta Yohei , Maeda Takahiro , Haraguchi Masuho , Miyazaki Masanobu , Murase Kunihiko , Murata Ikuo , Tomonaga Masao , Kohno Shigeru 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDGastrointestinal involvement is seen frequently in patients with adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). The authors previously showed a relatively low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in individuals with human T‐cell lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV‐1) infection, including patients with ATLL; however, the correlation between H. pylori infection and ATLL gastric involvement has not been investigated.METHODSThe authors studied 71 patients with ATLL. Gastric involvement was confirmed by endoscopy and biopsy. H. pylori infection was detected by serology, rapid urease test, and immunohistochemistry on biopsy samples. The expression of adhesion molecules on ATLL cells or their ligands on the vasculature in gastric mucosa was analyzed immunohistochemically. The expression of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM‐1) was detected by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis.RESULTSGastric involvement was detected in 21 patients (30%), including 8 patients with acute clinical subtype ATLL and 13 patients with lymphoma type ATLL. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 86% (18 of 21 patients) in the patients with gastric involvement but only 38% (19 of 50 patients) in the patients without such involvement (P < 0.001). The expression of lymphocyte function‐associated antigen 1 (LFA‐1) and its ligand, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1), was most frequent on ATLL cells infiltrating the stomach and was enhanced substantially on vascular endothelium in H. pylori‐infected gastric mucosa. Human mucosal lymphocyte antigen 1 also was expressed on infiltrating ATLL cells in the stomach. The expression of MAdCAM‐1 mRNA assessed by RT‐PCR also was seen selectively in H. pylori‐infected patients.CONCLUSIONSATLL cells infiltrate gastric tissues infected with H. pylori, probably through the interaction of adhesion molecules on these cells and their ligands on the vasculature, i.e., through the LFA‐1/ICAM‐1 pathway. Cancer 2002;94:1507–16. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10367
Postmenopausal cancer risk after self‐reported endometriosis diagnosis in the Iowa Women's Health Study
Authors: Olson Janet E. , Cerhan James R. , Janney M.S. Carol A. , Anderson Kristin E. , Vachon Celine M. , Sellers Thomas A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDEndometriosis, the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, has an estimated prevalence between 4% and 10%. A recent study reported that women with a hospital discharge diagnosis of endometriosis were at increased risk of cancer at any site, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and hematopoietic malignancies, especially non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).METHODSThe authors examined whether self‐reported diagnosis of endometriosis was associated with increased risk of various cancers in the Iowa Women's Health Study. Incident cancer cases were identified from 1986 through 1998. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate relative risks and 95% confidence intervals for the particular cancers of interest.RESULTSOf 37,434 participants in this analysis, 3.8% reported a history of endometriosis at baseline in 1986. After 13 years of follow‐up, 1795 breast, 188 ovarian, and 243 NHL cases were detected in the cohort. Endometriosis was not associated with risk of all cancers combined (age‐adjusted relative risk [RR], 0.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7–1.2), breast carcinoma (RR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.8–1.3), or ovarian carcinoma (RR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.2–2.4). However, endometriosis was significantly associated with risk of NHL (age‐adjusted RR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.0–3.0), especially diffuse NHL (RR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.8–5.6). Multivariate adjustment had minimal effect on the point estimates of risk (NHL RR, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.97–2.7; diffuse NHL RR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.9–5.9). Endometriosis was not associated with elevated risk of lung, urinary tract, endometrial, melanoma, or colorectal carcinomas (RRs, 1.2, 0.8, 1.2, 0.7, and 0.7, respectively).CONCLUSIONSThese results corroborate a previously reported association between endometriosis and increased risk of NHL but not cancer at other sites. Cancer 2002;94:1612–18. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10370