bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-cell RNA sequencing distinctly characterizes the wide heterogeneity in pediatric mixed phenotype acute leukemia
Authors: Mumme Hope L. , Raikar Sunil S. , Bhasin Swati S. , Thomas Beena E. , Lawrence Taylor , Weinzierl Elizabeth P. , Pang Yakun , DeRyckere Deborah , Gawad Chuck , Wechsler Daniel S. , Porter Christopher C. , Castellino Sharon M. , Graham Douglas K. , Bhasin Manoj 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL), a rare subgroup of leukemia characterized by blast cells with myeloid and lymphoid lineage features, is difficult to diagnose and treat. A better characterization of MPAL is essential to understand the subtype heterogeneity and how it compares with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Therefore, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) on pediatric MPAL bone marrow (BM) samples to develop a granular map of the MPAL blasts and microenvironment landscape.

Methods
We analyzed over 40,000 cells from nine pediatric MPAL BM samples to generate a single-cell transcriptomic landscape of B/myeloid (B/My) and T/myeloid (T/My) MPAL. Cells were clustered using unsupervised single-cell methods, and malignant blast and immune clusters were annotated. Differential expression analysis was performed to identify B/My and T/My MPAL blast-specific signatures by comparing transcriptome profiles of MPAL with normal BM, AML, and ALL. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed, and significantly enriched pathways were compared in MPAL subtypes.

Results
B/My and T/My MPAL blasts displayed distinct blast signatures. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that B/My MPAL profile overlaps with B-ALL and AML samples. Similarly, T/My MPAL exhibited overlap with T-ALL and AML samples. Genes overexpressed in both MPAL subtypes’ blast cells compared to AML, ALL, and healthy BM included MAP2K2 and CD81. Subtype-specific genes included HBEGF for B/My and PTEN for T/My. These marker sets segregated bulk RNA-seq AML, ALL, and MPAL samples based on expression profiles. Analysis comparing T/My MPAL to ETP, near-ETP, and non-ETP T-ALL, showed that T/My MPAL had greater overlap with ETP-ALL cases. Comparisons among MPAL subtypes between adult and pediatric samples showed analogous transcriptomic landscapes of corresponding subtypes. Transcriptomic differences were observed in the MPAL samples based on response to induction chemotherapy, including selective upregulation of the IL-16 pathway in relapsed samples.

Conclusions
We have for the first time described the single-cell transcriptomic landscape of pediatric MPAL and demonstrated that B/My and T/My MPAL have distinct scRNAseq profiles from each other, AML, and ALL. Differences in transcriptomic profiles were seen based on response to therapy, but larger studies will be needed to validate these findings.
A phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sarilumab in patients with giant cell arteritis
Authors: Schmidt Wolfgang A. , Dasgupta Bhaskar , Sloane Jennifer , Giannelou Angeliki , Xu Yuqing , Unizony Sebastian H. , Mackie Sarah L. , Gonzalez-Gay Miguel A. , Spiera Robert , Warrington Kenneth J. , Villiger Peter M. , Nivens Michael C. , Akinlade Bolanle , Lin Yong , Buttgereit Frank , Stone John H. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is primarily treated with glucocorticoids (GCs), which have substantial toxicity. Tocilizumab, an interleukin-6-receptor inhibitor (IL-6Ri), showed beneficial effects in GCA, leading to its approval. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of sarilumab (another IL-6Ri) in GCA.

Methods
This Phase 3, double-blind study comprised a 52-week treatment period and a 24-week follow-up phase. Eligible GCA patients were randomized to receive sarilumab 200 mg (SAR200 + 26W) or 150 mg (SAR150 + 26W) with a 26-week GC taper, or placebo with a 52-week (PBO + 52W) or 26-week (PBO + 26W) GC taper. The primary efficacy endpoint was sustained remission (SR) at week 52. Additional endpoints were SR at week 24, cumulative GC dose, and safety. The study was discontinued prematurely due to protracted recruitment timelines, because of the impact of COVID-19. Therefore, only descriptive statistics were summarized.

Results
Of the planned 360 subjects, only 83 were randomized and 36 were included in the week 52 analysis. At week 52, 46% (n = 6/13) of patients in SAR200 + 26W, 43% (n = 3/7) in SAR150 + 26W, 30% (n = 3/10) in PBO + 52W, and 0 (n = 0/6) in PBO + 26W taper groups achieved SR. Sensitivity analyses, excluding acute-phase reactants from the SR definition, showed similar results for SAR groups, but 60% (n = 6/10) in PBO + 52W and 17% (n = 1/6) in PBO + 26W taper groups achieved SR at week 52. Similar findings were noted at week 24. The proportions of patients who adhered to GC taper from week 12 through week 52 in each group were as follows: 46% (n = 6/13, SAR200 + 26W), 43% (n = 3/7, SAR150 + 26W), 60% (n = 6/10, PBO + 52W), and 33% (n = 2/6, PBO + 26W). The median actual cumulative GC dose received in the SAR200 + 26W group was lower than other groups. Most patients (80–100%) experienced treatment-emergent adverse events, with similar incidences reported across groups.

Conclusions
Owing to the small sample size due to the early termination, it is difficult to draw clear conclusions from this study. There were no unexpected safety findings.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03600805. Registered on July 26, 2018.
Trade-offs among leaf toughness, constitutive chemical defense, and growth rates in oaks are influenced by the level of leaf mass per area
Authors: Sancho-Knapik Domingo , Martín-Sánchez Rubén , Alonso-Forn David , Peguero-Pina José Javier , Ferrio Juan Pedro , Gil-Pelegrín Eustaquio 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Key message
Among the variety of leaf defensive strategies to counteract herbivory attacks, the oak species analyzed in this study maximize investment in no more than one, with high-LMA oaks developing very tough leaves and low-LMA oaks favoring between high concentrations of condensed tannins or high growth rates.

Context
Plants develop a variety of defense strategies to counteract herbivory attacks, from physical and chemical defenses to tolerance strategies. Tradeoffs between strategies have been widely assessed from a resource allocation perspective, but there is a need to consider eventual interactions among them.

Aim
We evaluate the among-species tradeoff between three main constitutive plant defense traits, while considering the leaf mass per area ratio (LMA) as a proxy of leaf construction investment on area basis.

Methods
Leaf toughness measured as work of fracture, condensed tannins, and relative growth rate (RGR) were analyzed in a set of 19 Quercus L. species with contrasting LMA.

Results
Most species had low values either in two or in the three traits analyzed. Moreover, the highest values of work of fracture appeared in the species with high LMA; the highest values of condensed tannins were found in the species with the lowest LMA; and high values of RGR were measured in species with intermediate or lower values of LMA.

Conclusion
Oaks showed a trade-off among leaf defensive strategies influenced by LMA. Oaks with high LMA developed very tough leaves while oaks with low LMA presented lower values of toughness but favored between one of the two other strategies.
Giaccardi inequality for generalized convex functions and related results
Authors: Iqbal Wasim , Rehman Atiq ur 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this article, the famous Giaccardi inequality is generalized for modified $(h,m)$
(
h
,
m
)
-convex functions under the condition that h is a multiplicative positive function. The results are also discussed for different values of h and m. Also, Lagrange and Cauchy type mean value theorems for the functional due to Giaccardi’s inequality are obtained.
Moderation modelling of COVID-19 digital health literacy and sense of coherence across subjective social class and age among university students in Ghana
Authors: Amoako Isaac , Srem-Sai Medina , Quansah Frank , Anin Stephen , Agormedah Edmond Kwesi , Hagan Jnr John Elvis 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The study assessed the moderation modelling of digital health literacy and sense of coherence across subjective social class and age among university students in Ghana during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
A total of 1160 students were conveniently sampled from two universities namely, the University of Education, Winneba and University of Cape Coast, using the descriptive cross-sectional survey design. Preliminary analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, whilst multivariate multiple regression and moderation analyses (Haye’s Model) were employed to analyze the main data.

Results
The study revealed that COVID-19 digital health literacy is directly and positively associated with sense of coherence among university students. Further, higher subjective social class positively and strongly moderated the relationship between COVID-19 digital health literacy and sense of coherence among university students. Additionally, the relationship between COVID-19 digital health literacy and sense of coherence was indirectly prominent among relatively older university students than younger ones.

Conclusions
The findings have implications for university management/authorities and public health agencies to organize effective orientation and self-management training programmes for university students.
Modeling the movement of Oecophylla smaragdina on short-length scales in an unfamiliar environment
Authors: Charoonratana L. , Thiwatwaranikul T. , Paisanpan P. , Suksombat S. , Smith M. F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe movement of individual weaver ants, of Oecophylla smaragdina, was previously tracked within an unfamiliar arena. We develop an empirical model, based on Brownian motion with a linear drag and constant driving force, to explain the observed distribution of ants over position and velocity. Parameters are fixed according to the isotropic, homogeneous distribution observed near the middle of the arena. Then, with no adjustable parameters, the model accounts for all features of the measured population distribution. The tendency of ants to remain near arena edges is largely explained as a statistical property of bounded stochastic motion though evidence for active wall-following behavior appears in individual ant trajectories. Members of this ant species are capable of impressive feats of collective action and long-range navigation. But we argue that they use a simplistic algorithm, captured semi-quantitatively by the model provided, to navigate within the confined region.
Using AI-based detectors to control AI-assisted plagiarism in ESL writing: “The Terminator Versus the Machines”
Authors: Ibrahim Karim 
Published: October 2023

Abstract The release of ChatGPT marked the beginning of a new era of AI-assisted plagiarism that disrupts traditional assessment practices in ESL composition. In the face of this challenge, educators are left with little guidance in controlling AI-assisted plagiarism, especially when conventional methods fail to detect AI-generated texts. One approach to managing AI-assisted plagiarism is using fine-tuned AI classifiers, such as RoBERTa, to identify machine-generated texts; however, the reliability of this approach is yet to be established. To address the challenge of AI-assisted plagiarism in ESL contexts, the present cross-disciplinary descriptive study examined the potential of two RoBERTa-based classifiers to control AI-assisted plagiarism on a dataset of 240 human-written and ChatGPT-generated essays. Data analysis revealed that both platforms could identify AI-generated texts, but their detection accuracy was inconsistent across the dataset.
Simultaneous determination of seven bile acids to study the effect of ivermectin on their plasma levels in rat by UHPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Mullapudi T. V. Radhakrishna , Ravi Punna Rao , Thipparapu Ganapathi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBile acids (BAs) are considered to be important diagnostic biomarkers to understand the pathophysiology of hepatobiliary and metabolic diseases. BAs regulate lipid and glucose metabolism by binding to farnesoid X receptor (FXR). To date, there were no reports on the effect of an exogenous FXR modulator, ivermectin (IVM), on the plasma BA profiles in rats. To explore the effect of IVM on plasma BA levels in rat, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of seven major BAs in rat plasma. The developed method was selective, specific, accurate and precise for the quantification of plasma BAs. Sprague–Dawley rats were orally administered with IVM at a dose of 5 mg/kg once a day for 14 days and the plasma BAs were determined before and after IVM exposure using developed UHPLC–MS/MS method. Once-daily administration of IVM for 14 days resulted in significant reduction in cholic acid and deoxycholic acid levels while glycodeoxycholic acid and taurodeoxycholic acid levels were not affected. Interestingly, tauro-α-muricholic acid and tauro-β-muricholic acid levels were significantly increased. This study revealed that IVM has an important effect on plasma BA profiles in rats. This report provides an analytical methodology that can be applied to investigate the effect of drugs or pathophysiological factors on plasma BA levels.
Why Humble Farmers May in Fact Grow Bigger Potatoes: A Call for Street-Smart Decision-Making in Sport
Authors: Hecksteden Anne , Keller Niklas , Zhang Guangze , Meyer Tim , Hauser Thomas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The main task of applied sport science is to inform decision-making in sports practice, that is, enabling practitioners to compare the expectable outcomes of different options (e.g. training programs).

Main Body
The “evidence” provided may range from group averages to multivariable prediction models. By contrast, many decisions are still largely based on the subjective, experience-based judgement of athletes and coaches. While for the research scientist this may seem “unscientific” and even “irrational”, it is important to realize the different perspectives: science values novelty, universal validity, methodological rigor, and contributions towards long-term advancement. Practitioners are judged by the performance outcomes of contemporary, specific athletes. This makes out-of-sample predictive accuracy and robustness decisive requirements for useful decision support. At this point, researchers must concede that under the framework conditions of sport (small samples, multifactorial outcomes etc.) near certainty is unattainable, even with cutting-edge methods that might theoretically enable near-perfect accuracy. Rather, the sport ecosystem favors simpler rules, learning by experience, human judgement, and integration across different sources of knowledge. In other words, the focus of practitioners on experience and human judgement, complemented—but not superseded—by scientific evidence is probably street-smart after all. A major downside of this human-driven approach is the lack of science-grade evaluation and transparency. However, methods are available to merge the assets of data- and human-driven strategies and mitigate biases.

Short Conclusion
This work presents the challenges of learning, forecasting and decision-making in sport as well as specific opportunities for turning the prevailing “evidence vs. eminence” contrast into a synergy.
Perceptions of indigenous ugandan men on the use of long acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) by rural women
Authors: Kibonire Ronald Arineitwe , Mphuthi David D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWorldwide, unintended pregnancies remain a critical public health challenge, with 74 million women in low- and middle-income countries getting these pregnancies yearly. The African continent alone contributes about 25% of all unintended pregnancies globally. Even though not all unintended pregnancies are unwanted, they can lead to many health problems for mothers and children, like malnutrition, sickness, neglect, or abuse, as well as maternal and infant morbidities and mortalities. Globally, many women die due to complications related to childbirth, either during or after pregnancy. Contraceptives, especially for long-acting reversible Contraceptive methods (LARCs), are among the best interventions to reduce maternal death. LARCs help the mother delay pregnancy and allow for longer intervals in childbirth spacing. However, utilising LARCs globally and in Uganda remains low because of limited male partner support.The purpose of this phenomenological qualitative research study was to elicit an understanding of the perceptions and beliefs of rural indigenous Ugandan men towards the use of LARCs by rural women. Ultimately the study designed strategies to enhance the uptake of those methods. Purposive sampling was used to identify 65 participants for focus group interviews and 30 for individual interviews comprising married men aged 20 to 49 years. The study was conducted in the Rubanda and Kiboga Districts of Uganda. The researcher used semi-structured questions for individual and focus group interviews.The data analysis was done by transcribing the interviews, sorting the field notes, organising, and storing the data, listening to recordings, and reading field notes and interviews to look for patterns related to the perceptions and belief systems. Using the identified patterns, the researcher coded and categorised the data to build themes emerging on the phenomenon.The study established negative perceptions and belief systems among rural indigenous Ugandan men regarding the use of LARCs by their rural women, which acted as barriers to utilisation. These perceptions included side effects, fears, desires, and cultural and religious beliefs. The study recommends strengthening social and behavioural change communication, strengthening service provision for LARCs, and monitoring and evaluation systems for LARCs. Additionally, policymakers should provide a conducive environment for LARC services provision, and the Ministry of Education and Sports, through health training institutions and universities, should prepare pre-service and in-service healthcare workers to provide LARC services.
Pulsed radiofrequency in the management of lumbar radicular pain: initial experience
Authors: Habib Hosam Eldin Abdel Azim , Abdo Sameh Fathy , El Nagar Ahmed Gabry 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Lumbar radicular pain (LRP) is one of the most encountered complaints in neurosurgical practice that pose a challenge in its management as adequate pain control, which is not always achieved.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of pulsed radiofrequency as a minimally invasive tool in the management of lumbar radicular pain of lumbar discogenic origin.

Methods
This is a prospective study that included 20 patients with lumbar radicular pain with radiological evidence of lumbar disc prolapse, who have been subjected to pulsed radiofrequency.

Results
The mean preoperative visual analogue score was 71 ± 14.38 dropped to a mean of 43.5 ± 21.47 at six-month follow-up. Seventy percentage of the study population had a satisfactory outcome, which did not correlate with the age, sex, or body mass index of the patients.

Conclusions
Pulsed radiofrequency is a safe and useful tool that may be used in the management of lumbar radicular pain.
Efficacy and safety of different Janus kinase inhibitors combined with methotrexate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a single-center randomized trial
Authors: Liao Xiaoling , Huo Wang , Zeng Wen , Qin Fang , Dong Fei , Wei Wanling , Lei Ling 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
To compare the efficacy and safety between baricitinib (BARI) and tofacitinib (TOFA) for the treatment of the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients receiving methotrexate (MTX) in clinical practice.

Methods
This retrospective study recruited 179 RA patients treated with BARI (2–4 mg/d) or TOFA (10 mg/d) at The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from September 2019 to January 2022. The rate of low disease activity (LDA) was used as the primary end point. Secondary end points included the Disease Activity Scale-28 (DAS-28)-C-reactive protein (CRP); the rate of DAS28-CRP remission; visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, swollen joint, and tender joint counts; and adverse events at the 6-month follow-up. Several factors affecting LDA achievement were also analyzed.

Results
Seventy-four patients were treated with BARI and 105 were treated with TOFA, including 83.24% females, with a median (IQR) age of 56.0 (53.0–56.0) years old and disease duration of 12.0 (6.0–12.0) months. There was no difference of the rate of LDA between the BARI and TOFA treatment groups. All disease indices in the two groups were significantly improved, including a significantly lower VAS in the BARI group (P < 0.05), reflecting the drug efficacy after 1 and 6 months of treatment. The incidence of adverse reactions was similar in these two groups.

Conclusion
The treatment efficacy and safety of BARI and TOFA in the RA patients were similar, but BARI was more effective in pain relief than TOFA. An older baseline age was more likely to achieve LDA in the BARI group, while a low baseline erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was more likely to achieve LDA in the TOFA group.
Positron emission mammography (PEM): a potentially promising one-stop shop for local staging of ILC
Authors: Hussein Samar Ahmed , Deabes Aya , Taha Sherif Nasser , Mokhtar Omnia , Moustafa Amr Farouk Ibrahim 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Invasive lobular cancer (ILC) has a high propensity for multiplicity, along with a high probability of incomplete surgical excision. Due to its insidious proliferative pattern, it tends to be clinically silent and radiologically elusive. We assess the performance characteristics of PEM in the detection and local staging of ILC.

Methods
A retrospective study evaluated a total of 193 patients who underwent PEM examination, including 44 patients with ILC. Image analysis of PEM examinations included morphological criteria, uptake pattern, lesion to background ratio (LTB) and maximum PEM uptake value (PUV max) assessment. The findings were correlated with the histopathological results.

Results
PEM showed high performance in surgical planning and detection of additional ILC lesions with sensitivity of 90.6% and specificity 82%. The mean PUV max and LTB of ILC lesions were significantly different from those of benign lesions and IDC lesions. The cutoff average LTB and PUVmax values to differentiate ILC from benign lesions were ≥ 3.3 & ≥ 2.2, respectively.

Conclusions
The inclusion of PEM provides a functional image that can improve the diagnostic accuracy of the conventional studies, decreasing the rates of false results and improving the detection of multicentric ILC lesions identification and their differentiation from other benign breast lesions.

Advance in knowledge
PEM is a promising new imaging technique that further improves the pretherapeutic assessment of ILC and facilitates the assessment of patients with renal impairment.