bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching Greek mythology through a scenario-based game
Authors: Salapata Gina , Tracy Jonathan , Loke Kevan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this article, we showcase the pilot scenario of The Trojan War, an educational self-directed game that combines text inspired by ancient Greek (as well as Roman) literature with graphics based on the ‘Geometric style’, an authentic Greek style of painting contemporary with the composition of the Homeric epics. Our game uses interactive scenarios to support active learning strategies of students interested in Classical Studies in both tertiary and secondary education. Players can take on the role of key characters, making choices that can prevent, start, or stop the Trojan War, as well as determine their own personal outcomes. The learners are thus presented with the opportunity to explore alternative pathways to rewrite the history of the War. In the process, they can apply their subject knowledge and develop their intellectual and critical skills. They also become familiar with a distinctive and expressive early Greek artistic style, the so-called Geometric. Rather than focusing on winning, the game aims to give students the opportunity to engage with important ideas and values of ancient Greek culture by exploring multiple perspectives on the topic. It also provides a valuable lesson on the potentially wide-ranging consequences of individual choices, which is a core element of responsible citizenship.
Lake Evaporation and Its Effects on Basin Evapotranspiration and Lake Water Storage on the Inner Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Liuming , Wang Junxiao , Wang Lachun , Zhu Liping , Li Xingong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEffects of lake evaporation (EW) on basin evapotranspiration (ETB) and lake water storage change (LWSC) at lake‐basin scale have never been reported for most basins on the inner Tibetan Plateau (IB). In this study, EW of 118 large lakes in 95 closed lake‐basins were estimated, and its effects on ETB and LWSC over 2001–2018 were examined using a derivative‐guided framework from the aspects of EW amount, rate, trend slope and inter‐annual variability. We found that EW amount has a high effect (17%) on regional ETB amount compared to the average lake area ratio (α) (∼5%), and the effect has increased significantly (2%/10 a). The spatial pattern of the effect is mainly controlled by α, and the increasing trend of α (0.6%/10 a) also dominated the increasing trend in regional ETB rate (0.30 mm/a) though with large spatial heterogeneity. Variance in α and EW rate have a minor effect (∼3%) on ETB variance, especially for the basins with lower α. The combination of quasi lake inflow (RL, 41%) and lake surface precipitation (PW, 16%) offset the depletion of EW (−43%), resulting in the surplus of regional lake water (LWSC > 0). The increase in EW mount, which is mainly from lake area expansion (90%), caused a decreasing trend in LWSC (i.e., slower growth rate) with a contribution of −59%. This suggests a negative feedback between lake area expansion and EW amount in the IB, and the feedback may continue with the predicted area increases.
Organic Phases in Bivalve (Arctica Islandica) Shells: Their Bulk and Amino Acid Nitrogen Stable Isotope Compositions
Authors: Huang Qian , Agbaje Oluwatoosin B. A. , Conti Martina , Schöne Bernd R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe stable nitrogen isotope composition of bivalve shell organics serves as a proxy for nitrogen fluxes in modern and past ecosystems. An essential prerequisite to reconstruct environmental variables from δ15N values of bivalve shells is to understand if pristine isotope signals can be retrieved from shell organics after sample pretreatment. δ15N analyses of fossil shells should be limited to the intra‐crystalline organic matrix (intra‐OM), which is trapped within biomineral units and less likely contaminated or diagenetically overprinted than inter‐crystalline organics (inter‐OM). However, it remains unclear whether the different shell organic phases (insoluble/soluble inter‐OM, intra‐OM) are isotopically distinct and whether δ15N values of intra‐OM agree with those of bulk organic matter. These questions were tackled by applying different solvents (H2O, HCl, H2O2, NaOCl) to homogenized shell powder of a modern Arctica islandica. Milli‐Q water did not alter bulk δ15N values indicating the dissolution of the inter‐OM was negligible. Acid‐extracted intra‐OM exhibited a larger isotope variation within replicates and showed a minor but significant fractionation in bulk δ15N values related to the loss of acid‐soluble components. Compared to H2O2, NaOCl oxidative treatment was more effective in cleaning inter‐OM and produced reliable bulk and amino acid (AA)‐specific δ15N data of intra‐OM. Furthermore, differences in the relative abundance and δ15N values of individual AAs suggested that the N isotope composition is not uniform within shells, and the N‐bearing content and AA composition differ between organic phases. Future studies should test the capability of bulk and CSIA‐AA δ15N proxies in fossil shells as paleoenvironmental archives.
Global ULF Waves Excited by Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Impulses: 1. Timescales and Geomagnetic Activity Dependence
Authors: Xie Zi‐Kang , Zong Q. G. , Ren Jie , Yue Chao , Liu Zhi‐Yang , Liu Jian‐Jun , Hu Ze‐Jun , Li Xing‐Yu , Yin Ze‐Fan , Yan Yun , Li Li , Gjerloev J. W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSolar wind dynamic pressure pulse is one of the sources of ultra‐low frequency (ULF) waves. Based on 1‐second resolution magnetic field observations from SuperMAG from 2012 to 2019, we conducted a statistical study on temporal and spatial variations of global ULF power after the arrival of positive dynamic pressure pulses. The magnetosphere responds quickly to the dynamic pressure pulse within 1 min. At low L‐shells, it takes 4–6 min for the ULF waves to reach a power maximum, then ULF waves decay on a timescale of about 10 min. The spatial distribution of ULF wave power is closely related to the direction of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) when the dynamic pressure pulse arrives. The southward IMF leads to the reconnection on the dayside and more intense substorm activities on the nightside, accompanied by stronger ULF wave power globally. The power enhancement in the Pc2 band exhibits a notable fluctuation concentrated primarily in the range of L = 7 to 9, compared with the quiet period. In contrast, the amplification of Pc3 wave power occurs predominantly at higher L‐shells. However, the fluctuation of Pc5 power exhibits an opposite pattern, indicating disparate excitation and propagation mechanisms. In addition, seasonal effects affect the ULF power in different bands, which can be explained by the Russell‐McPherron (R‐M) effect. Our statistical results on long‐term, global‐scale geomagnetic observations illustrate that pressure pulses are important sources of ULF waves, and the spatial distribution of wave power varies greatly under different solar wind conditions.
Nyiragongo Crater Collapses Measured by Multi‐Sensor SAR Amplitude Time Series
Authors: Smittarello D. , Grandin R. , Jaspard M. , Derauw D. , d'Oreye N. , Shreve T. , Debret M. , Theys N. , Brenot H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCrater morphology undergoes rapid changes at active volcanoes, and quantifying these changes during volcanic unrest episodes is crucial for assessing volcanic activity levels. However, various limitations, including restricted crater access, cloud cover, haze, and intra‐crater eruptive activity, often impede regular optical or on‐site crater monitoring. To overcome these challenges, we utilize multi‐sensor satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery to generate dense time series of quantitative indicators for monitoring crater morphological changes. By combining images from diverse satellites and acquisition modes, we achieve high temporal resolution. Nevertheless, due to variations in acquisition geometries, direct image comparisons become impractical. To address this, we develop PickCraterSAR, an open‐access Python tool that employs basic trigonometry assumptions to measure crater radius and depth from SAR amplitude images in radar geometry. We apply our methodology to study the crater collapse associated with the May 2021 and January 2002 eruptions of Nyiragongo volcano. Following the 2021 collapse, we estimate the maximum depth of the crater to be 850 m below the rim, with a total volume of 84 ± 10 Mm3. Notably, the post‐2021 eruption crater was 270 m deeper but only 15%–20% more voluminous compared to the post‐2002 eruption crater. Additionally, we demonstrate that the 2021 crater collapse occurred progressively while a dike intrusion migrated southward as a consequence of the drainage of the lava lake system. Overall, our study showcases the utility of multi‐sensor SAR imagery and introduces PickCraterSAR as a valuable tool for monitoring and analyzing crater morphological changes, providing insights into the dynamics of volcanic activity.
Strengthened Connections Between Arctic Sea Ice and Thermal Conditions Over the Tibetan Plateau in May After the 2000s
Authors: Hu Rui , Zhang Jie , Chen Lin , Ma Qianrong , Chen Zhiheng , Wu Shiying , Li Junjun , Kuang Yuxin , Liu Jiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe thermal conditions of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) during spring are significantly related to climate changes on regional and hemispheric scales. The surface skin temperature over the TP in May exhibits an increasing trend over the northern and central‐western regions since the 2000s. This heterogeneous distribution has a strengthened relationship with changes in Arctic sea‐ice concentration (SIC) over the Barents‐Kara Seas after 2001, showing a significant negative correlation. Along with the dramatic SIC variations after 2001, there is a mid‐latitude wave train akin to the Circumglobal Teleconnection (CGT), accompanied by an anomalous anticyclone around the TP. On the one hand, the high‐latitude energy associated with the SIC changes spreads through the Barents‐Kara Seas toward the southeast, causing intensified westerly winds over the West Siberian Plain. The anomalies imply a poleward subtropical jet, which affects the anticyclonic anomaly over the TP, situated south of the jet axis, through dynamic processes. On the other hand, the cyclonic anomalies at high latitudes, linked with reduced SIC, inhibit snow melting and bring lower soil moisture content. Consequently, increased meridional temperature gradients and background baroclinicity cover the West Siberian Plain and regions encompassing the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, demonstrating the impacts of SIC variations on mid‐latitude Rossby waves. Responses to the anomalous anticyclone over the TP, heightened downward motions favor enhanced adiabatic heating and result in reduced cloud cover, further causing decreased snow depth. Influenced by snow‐albedo and cloud‐radiation feedback, the net downward short‐wave radiation increases and leads to the TP warming after 2001.
Air‐Sea Heat Fluxes Associated With Convective Cold Pools
Authors: Wills Samantha M. , Cronin Meghan F. , Zhang Dongxiao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHigh‐resolution air‐sea observations collected by a suite of remotely‐piloted uncrewed surface vehicles (USV) provide new insight on surface latent and sensible heat fluxes associated with convective cold pools over the eastern Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Convective cold pools are linked to isolated, heavily precipitating cells over the ocean that yield downdrafts of evaporatively‐cooled air that spreads out horizontally in all directions and are characterized by strong air temperature gradients and horizontal wind speeds. Cold pool frontal signatures are identified based on air temperature depression criteria of −1.5°C in 10 min or less, resulting in a total of 276 events observed within the eastern Pacific ITCZ across 590 total seadays of data from 10 drones over the course of 3 years. Composite analysis reveals enhanced latent and sensible heat fluxes from the ocean to the atmosphere immediately following the frontal passage, and a decomposition of the bulk flux formulas indicates that variations in latent heat flux are largely influenced by the anomalous wind field (i.e., the cold pool gust front) acting on the mean background air‐sea moisture gradient, while variations in sensible heat flux are largely influenced by the mean background wind acting on the anomalous air‐sea temperature gradient (i.e., the cold pool temperature front). High‐frequency variations in wind speed and velocity are further explored in the context of “gustiness” and averaging intervals used in bulk flux algorithms. A case study is also presented for a convective cold pool event captured by a traveling mesoscale network, or mesonet, of USVs.
A Study of Dominant Vegetation Phenology in a Sphagnum Mountain Peatland Using In Situ and Sentinel‐2 Observations
Authors: Garisoain Raphael , Delire Christine , Decharme Bertrand , Ferrant Sylvain , Granouillac Franck , Payre‐Suc Virginie , Gandois Laure 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPeatlands store more than a third of the global soil organic carbon stock. Bryophytes, more specifically Sphagnum mosses, play a major role in the carbon and water cycles of these ecosystems. There is a need to include Sphagnum mosses into Earth system models to better simulate the dynamics of peatlands in a changing environment. Leaf area index (LAI) is a key plant trait that characterizes the plant photosynthesizing capacity. Moreover, LAI is a variable calculated by land surface models used in climate models, allowing control of the exchange of matter and energy between vegetation and the environment. There is extremely little data on Sphagnum LAI and none on its seasonal change. We monitored Sphagnum mosses LAI phenology in a mountainous peatland site (altitude of 1,343 m) from June to December 2021 using two methods: 2D scans of monthly Sphagnum moss samples and analysis of Sentinel‐2 images. LAI derived from field campaigns and the remote sensing approach show a strong seasonality, with high peak values reaching 10 and 7 m2·m−2, respectively. The Sentinel‐2 images were also used to derive common vegetation indices. The moisture soil index effectively discriminates Sphagnum‐dominated areas in the peatland. Satellite‐derived LAI of Sphagnum mosses is directly correlated to gross primary production monitored by gas exchange measurements (R2 = 0.83) but also to physical drivers of the environment such as air temperature (R2 = 0.74) or water table depth (R2 = 0.61) over the 2017–2021 period. It is therefore highly suitable to investigate ecosystemic functions.
Assessing Impacts of Environmental Perturbations on Urban Biogenic Carbon Exchange in the Chicago Region
Authors: Li Peiyuan , Sharma Ashish , Wang Zhi‐Hua , Wuebbles Donald 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) quantification is critical for assessing city‐level carbon emissions and sustainable urban development. While urban vegetation has the potential to provide environmental benefits, such as heat and carbon mitigation, the CO2 exchange from biogenic sectors and its impact from the environmental perturbations are often overlooked. It is also challenging to simulate the plant functions in the complex urban terrain. This study presents a processed‐based modeling approach to assess the biogenic carbon fluxes from the vegetated areas over the Chicago Metropolitan Area (CMA) using the Weather Research and Forecast—Urban Biogenic Carbon exchange model. We investigate the change of CO2 sink power in CMA under heatwaves and irrigation. The results indicate that the vegetation plays a significant role in the city's carbon portfolio and the landscaping management has the potential to reduce carbon emissions significantly. Furthermore, based on the competing mechanisms in the biogenic carbon balance identified in this study, we develop a novel Environmental Benefit Score metrics framework to identify the vulnerability and mitigation measures associated with nature‐based solutions (NbS) within CMA. By using the generalized portable framework and our science‐policy confluence analysis presented in this study, global cities can maximize the effectiveness of NbS and accelerate carbon neutrality.
Fe65-engineered neuronal exosomes encapsulating corynoxine-B ameliorate cognition and pathology of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Iyaswamy Ashok , Thakur Abhimanyu , Guan Xin-Jie , Krishnamoorthi Senthilkumar , Fung Tsz Yan , Lu Kejia , Gaurav Isha , Yang Zhijun , Su Cheng-Fu , Lau Kwok-Fai , Zhang Kui , Ng Roy Chun-Laam , Lian Qizhou , Cheung King-Ho , Ye Keqiang , Chen Huanhuan Joyce , Li Min 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the predominant impairment of neurons in the hippocampus and the formation of amyloid plaques, hyperphosphorylated tau protein, and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. The overexpression of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) in an AD brain results in the binding of APP intracellular domain (AICD) to Fe65 protein via the C-terminal Fe65-PTB2 interaction, which then triggers the secretion of amyloid-β and the consequent pathogenesis of AD. Apparently, targeting the interaction between APP and Fe65 can offer a promising therapeutic approach for AD. Recently, exosome, a type of extracellular vesicle with diameter around 30–200 nm, has gained much attention as a potential delivery tool for brain diseases, including AD, due to their ability to cross the blood–brain barrier, their efficient uptake by autologous cells, and their ability to be surface-modified with target-specific receptor ligands. Here, the engineering of hippocampus neuron cell-derived exosomes to overexpress Fe65, enabled the development of a novel exosome-based targeted drug delivery system, which carried Corynoxine-B (Cory-B, an autophagy inducer) to the APP overexpressed-neuron cells in the brain of AD mice. The Fe65-engineered HT22 hippocampus neuron cell-derived exosomes (Fe65-EXO) loaded with Cory-B (Fe65-EXO-Cory-B) hijacked the signaling and blocked the natural interaction between Fe65 and APP, enabling APP-targeted delivery of Cory-B. Notably, Fe65-EXO-Cory-B induced autophagy in APP-expressing neuronal cells, leading to amelioration of the cognitive decline and pathogenesis in AD mice, demonstrating the potential of Fe65-EXO-Cory-B as an effective therapeutic intervention for AD.
Rapid growth rate responses of terrestrial bacteria to field warming on the Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Purcell Alicia M , Dijkstra Paul , Hungate Bruce A , McMillen Kelly , Schwartz Egbert , van Gestel Natasja 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Ice-free terrestrial environments of the western Antarctic Peninsula are expanding and subject to colonization by new microorganisms and plants, which control biogeochemical cycling. Measuring growth rates of microbial populations and ecosystem carbon flux is critical for understanding how terrestrial ecosystems in Antarctica will respond to future warming. We implemented a field warming experiment in early (bare soil; +2 °C) and late (peat moss-dominated; +1.2 °C) successional glacier forefield sites on the western Antarctica Peninsula. We used quantitative stable isotope probing with H218O using intact cores in situ to determine growth rate responses of bacterial taxa to short-term (1 month) warming. Warming increased the growth rates of bacterial communities at both sites, even doubling the number of taxa exhibiting significant growth at the early site. Growth responses varied among taxa. Despite that warming induced a similar response for bacterial relative growth rates overall, the warming effect on ecosystem carbon fluxes was stronger at the early successional site—likely driven by increased activity of autotrophs which switched the ecosystem from a carbon source to a carbon sink. At the late-successional site, warming caused a significant increase in growth rate of many Alphaproteobacteria, but a weaker and opposite gross ecosystem productivity response that decreased the carbon sink—indicating that the carbon flux rates were driven more strongly by the plant communities. Such changes to bacterial growth and ecosystem carbon cycling suggest that the terrestrial Antarctic Peninsula can respond fast to increases in temperature, which can have repercussions for long-term elemental cycling and carbon storage.
HuR-mediated nucleocytoplasmic translocation of HOTAIR relieves its inhibition of osteogenic differentiation and promotes bone formation
Authors: Li Yuheng , Sun Weijia , Li Jianwei , Du Ruikai , Xing Wenjuan , Yuan Xinxin , Zhong Guohui , Zhao Dingsheng , Liu Zizhong , Jin Xiaoyan , Pan Junjie , Li Youyou , Li Qi , Kan Guanghan , Han Xuan , Ling Shukuan , Sun Xiqing , Li Yingxian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) osteogenic differentiation and osteoblast function play critical roles in bone formation, which is a highly regulated process. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) perform diverse functions in a variety of biological processes, including BMSC osteogenic differentiation. Although several studies have reported that HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) is involved in BMSC osteogenic differentiation, its effect on bone formation in vivo remains unclear. Here, by constructing transgenic mice with BMSC (Prx1-HOTAIR)- and osteoblast (Bglap-HOTAIR)-specific overexpression of HOTAIR, we found that Prx1-HOTAIR and Bglap-HOTAIR transgenic mice show different bone phenotypes in vivo. Specifically, Prx1-HOTAIR mice showed delayed bone formation, while Bglap-HOTAIR mice showed increased bone formation. HOTAIR inhibits BMSC osteogenic differentiation but promotes osteoblast function in vitro. Furthermore, we identified that HOTAIR is mainly located in the nucleus of BMSCs and in the cytoplasm of osteoblasts. HOTAIR displays a nucleocytoplasmic translocation pattern during BMSC osteogenic differentiation. We first identified that the RNA-binding protein human antigen R (HuR) is responsible for HOTAIR nucleocytoplasmic translocation. HOTAIR is essential for osteoblast function, and cytoplasmic HOTAIR binds to miR-214 and acts as a ceRNA to increase Atf4 protein levels and osteoblast function. Bglap-HOTAIR mice, but not Prx1-HOTAIR mice, showed alleviation of bone loss induced by unloading. This study reveals the importance of temporal and spatial regulation of HOTAIR in BMSC osteogenic differentiation and bone formation, which provides new insights into precise regulation as a target for bone loss.