bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for mortality in patients admitted to a psychiatric acute ward: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Strømme Maria Fagerbakke , Bartz‐Johannessen Christoffer , Kjelby Eirik , Mehlum Lars , Mykletun Arnstein , Kroken Rune Andreas , Johnsen Erik , Gjestad Rolf 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionAssociations between psychiatric disorders and mortality have been extensively studied, but limited evidence exists regarding influence of clinical characteristics on mortality risk, at the time of acute psychiatric hospitalization.MethodsA prospective total‐cohort study included all patients consecutively admitted to Haukeland University Hospital's psychiatric acute ward in Bergen, Norway between 2005 and 2014 (n = 6125). Clinical interviews were conducted at the first admission within the study period, and patients were subsequently followed for up to 15 years in the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. Competing risks regression models were used to investigate associations between clinical characteristics at first admission and the risk of natural and unnatural death during follow‐up.ResultsThe mean age at first admission and at time of death was 42.5 and 62.8 years, respectively, and the proportion of women in the sample was 47.2%. A total of 1381 deaths were registered during follow‐up, of which 65.5% had natural, 30.4% unnatural, and 4.1% unknown causes. Higher age, male sex, unemployment, cognitive deficits, and physical illness were associated with increased risk of natural death. Male sex, having no partner, physical illness, suicide attempts, and excessive use of alcohol and illicit substances were associated with increased risk of unnatural death.ConclusionPsychiatric symptoms, except suicide attempts, were unrelated to increased mortality risk. In the endeavor to reduce the increased mortality risk in people with mental disorders, focus should be on addressing modifiable risk factors linked to physical health and excessive use of alcohol and illicit substances.
MiRNA‐100 ameliorates diabetes mellitus‐induced erectile dysfunction by modulating autophagy, anti‐inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects
Authors: Li Beining , Hu Peng , Liu Kang , Xu Wenchao , Wang Jiaxin , Li Qinyu , Chen Bingliang , Deng Yuxuan , Han Chenglin , Sun Taotao , Liu Xinqi , Li Mingchao , Wang Tao , Liu Jihong , Lin Huang , Rao Ke 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDiabetes mellitus‐induced erectile dysfunction (DMED) has become a common disease in adult men that can seriously reduce the quality of life of patients, and new therapies are urgently needed. miRNA‐100 has many targets and can induce autophagy and reduce fibrosis by inhibiting the mTOR pathway and the TGF‐β pathway. However, no research has been conducted with miR‐100 in the field of DMED, and the specific mechanism of action is still unclear.ObjectivesTo ascertain the effects of miR‐100 on corpus cavernosum tissue of DMED rats and vascular endothelial cells in a high glucose environment and to elucidate the relevant mechanisms in autophagy, fibrosis and inflammation to find a new approach for the DMED therapy.MethodsThirty rats were divided into three groups: the control group, the DMED group, and the DMED + miR‐100 group. Using intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin, all rats except the control group were modeled with diabetes mellitus, which was verified using the apomorphine (APO) test. For rats in the DMED + miR‐100 group, rno‐miR‐100‐5p agomir (50 nmol/kg, every 2 days, 6 times in total) was injected via the tail vein. After 13 weeks, the erectile function of each rat was assessed using cavernous manometry, and the corpus cavernosum tissue was harvested for subsequent experiments. For cellular experiments, human coronary microartery endothelial cells (HCMEC) were divided into four groups: the control group, the high‐glucose (HG, 40 mM) group, the HG + mimic group, and the HG + inhibitor group. The cells were cultured for 6 days and collected for subsequent experiments 2 days after transfection.ResultsDiabetic modeling impaired the erectile function in rats, and miR‐100 reversed this effect. By measuring autophagy‐related proteins such as mTOR/Raptor/Beclin1/p62/LC3B, we found that miR‐100 could suppress the expression of mTOR and induce autophagy. The analysis of the eNOS/NO/cGMP axis function indicated that impaired endothelial function was improved by miR‐100. By evaluating the TGF‐β1/CTGF/Smad2/3 and NF‐κB/TNF‐α pathways, we found that miR‐100 could lower the level of inflammation and fibrosis, which contributed to the improvement of the erectile function. Cellular experiments can be used as supporting evidence for these findings.ConclusionMiR‐100 can improve the erectile function by inhibiting mTOR and thus inducing autophagy, improving the endothelial function through the eNOS/NO/cGMP axis, and exerting antifibrotic and anti‐inflammatory effects, which may provide new ideas and directions for the treatment of DMED.
Radiotherapy versus limb‐sparing surgery alone in low‐grade soft‐tissue sarcoma of the extremity and trunk wall: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Trieu Danny , Gong Houchen , Benoit Dominic , Choong Peter F. M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCurrent guidelines recommend the use of radiotherapy in the management of intermediate and high‐grade soft‐tissue sarcoma of the extremity and trunk wall. Its use in low‐grade sarcoma is less clear. To date there have been no pooled data analyses regarding its role in this context. Its use is not without complications and therefore must be justified. We aim to assess the oncological impact of radiotherapy versus limb‐sparing surgery alone in this subset of sarcoma. Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane's databases were searched from 1982 to present. Studies on or having a subgroup analysis of low‐grade soft tissue sarcoma, with a radiotherapy and a surgery only arm were included. Outcomes included local recurrence and overall survival. Patients were at least 16 years of age with primary de‐novo sarcoma who had not undergone prior resection or treatment. Those undergoing concomitant therapy were excluded. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers. Results were pooled using a random‐effects model and presented as a forest plot. Primary outcome measures included local recurrence and overall survival. Eleven unique studies were included, consisting of two RCTs and nine non‐randomized studies. Overall, there were 12 799 patients. Four studies were included in meta‐analysis and the overall pooled effect showed a limited role of radiotherapy in overall survival outcomes when compared to limb‐sparing surgery alone HR 1.00 [0.83–1.20] P = 0.41. Descriptive analysis suggests there is limited role of radiotherapy in improving local recurrence outcomes. This study suggests there is limited role for radiotherapy versus limb‐sparing surgery alone in low‐grade soft‐tissue sarcoma. These findings strongly suggest there is lack of high‐quality data and that further research must be undertaken prior to forming any strong conclusions regarding the management of low‐grade soft‐tissue sarcoma. Demonstrating a role for radiotherapy may help improve the quality of excisional margins and thus potentiate limb‐sparing surgery.
Middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity monitoring of fetal anemia during chemotherapy in pregnancy
Authors: Babkova Anna , Rob Lukas , Kubecova Martina , Hruda Martin , Halaska Michael J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionChemotherapy during pregnancy can increase the risk of fetal anemia. Severe fetal anemia can lead to the development of hydrops fetalis and potentially fetal demise. Hence, it is imperative to implement consistent monitoring methods in the context of chemotherapy treatment. This study aimed to diagnose and monitor fetal anemia using middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA‐PSV) as a diagnostic tool during chemotherapy in pregnant women.Material and methodsThe study employed a prospective analysis involving a case series of 15 patients diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy and subsequently underwent chemotherapy. MCA‐PSV was used to identify fetal anemia. The patients were scheduled for ultrasound examinations of the MCA‐PSV. The first examination was performed on the same day as the administration of chemotherapy, while the second occurred on the 10th day after chemotherapy. The measurement technique used in the study was based on the methodology proposed by Mari and Barr. The multiples of the median were calculated using the calculators provided by Medicina Fetal Barcelona. Based on these values anemia severity was determined. When moderate or severe anemia was identified, chemotherapy was individually modified. Additionally, a blood count analysis was conducted immediately after the delivery of the newborn.ResultsFive patients were diagnosed with fetal or newborn anemia. With MCA‐PSV, we identified moderate fetal anemia in two patients and severe fetal anemia in one. The complete blood count testing of newborns revealed mild anemia in three patients. One case was unrelated to chemotherapy‐induced anemia. During treatment, fetal anemia did not corelate with maternal anemia.ConclusionsIn four cases of anemia the combination of cisplatin and iphosphamide was used as a chemotherapy agent. No anemia was observed in other drug combinations. Our findings suggest that MCA‐PSV is a reliable method for identifying anemia and should be included in the treatment protocol for chemotherapy‐induced fetal anemia.
Comorbidities of deformational plagiocephaly in infancy: A scoping review
Authors: Charalambous Lia , Hadders‐Algra Mijna , Yamasaki Edna N. , Lampropoulou Sofia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimWhile deformational plagiocephaly (DP) is suspected to be associated with comorbidities, their nature and prevalence are unclear. This scoping review aims to report DP comorbidities occurring until the age of 2 years, their prevalence and whether they depend on the child's age and sex.MethodsRelevant studies were identified by searching the Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed and EBSCO databases from 1992 to 30 April 2021. Data on study characteristics, comorbidities and assessment instruments were extracted and qualitatively synthesised. Risk of bias was assessed and studies with high risk of bias were excluded.ResultsStudies meeting selection criteria (n = 27) often evaluated groups from tertiary clinics, implying selection bias. Studies reported on developmental delay (n = 16), limited speech production (n = 1), auditory (n = 3), visual (n = 3), mandibular (n = 3) and neurological impairments (n = 1). The data did not allow prevalence calculation or modifying effect of sex. Due to biased data, the review provided no evidence on DP comorbidities. Weak evidence suggested that in the selective samples, DP was associated with motor and language delays in the first year.ConclusionDue to biased data, no evidence on comorbidity in infants with DP was available. Our study underlined the need of risk of bias assessment in scoping reviews.
Comparing positive reappraisal and mindfulness in relation to daily emotions during COVID‐19: An experience sampling study
Authors: He Ting , Zhang Xuelian , Li Longfeng , Hu Huinan , Liu Shijia , Lin Xiuyun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractResearch has suggested that daily cognitive reappraisal and mindfulness are differentially associated with emotional experience. Nevertheless, the different relationship between these two emotion regulation strategies and emotional experience remains unexplored amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic, when people were facing unprecedented challenges and disruptions in their everyday lives. The current study aimed to examine the potential unidirectional or bidirectional relations between two strategies and daily emotional experience during the COVID‐19 pandemic and whether the associations between the two strategies and emotional experience varied. A total of 184 college students participated in this study. Daily positive reappraisal, mindful attention and awareness (MAA), positive and negative affect, and COVID‐19‐related stress were assessed utilizing experience sampling method (three times a day for 14 consecutive days). Results suggested that the directionality of the link between the two strategies and daily emotional experience differed. The links between positive reappraisal and positive affect, negative affect, and COVID‐19‐related stress were transactional. However, a unidirectional relation was observed between positive affect and subsequent MAA. The study provided support for the contextual perspective of emotion regulation by demonstrating that the efficacy of regulation strategies is contingent upon the context. The identification of optimal conditions for effective strategies remains a crucial area for future research.
Towards adaptive support for self‐regulated learning of causal relations: Evaluating four Dutch word vector models
Authors: Pijeira‐Díaz Héctor J. , Braumann Sophia , van de Pol Janneke , van Gog Tamara , de Bruin Anique B. H. 
Published: January 2024

Advances in computational language models increasingly enable adaptive support for self‐regulated learning (SRL) in digital learning environments (DLEs; eg, via automated feedback). However, the accuracy of those models is a common concern for educational stakeholders (eg, policymakers, researchers, teachers and learners themselves). We compared the accuracy of four Dutch language models (ie, spaCy medium, spaCy large, FastText and ConceptNet NumberBatch) in the context of secondary school students' learning of causal relations from expository texts, scaffolded by causal diagram completion. Since machine learning relies on human‐labelled data for the best results, we used a dataset with 10,193 students' causal diagram answers, compiled over a decade of research using a diagram completion intervention to enhance students' monitoring of their text comprehension. The language models were used in combination with four popular machine learning classifiers (ie, logistic regression, random forests, support vector machine and neural networks) to evaluate their performance on automatically scoring students' causal diagrams in terms of the correctness of events and their sequence (ie, the causal structure). Five performance metrics were studied, namely accuracy, precision, recall, F1 and the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC‐AUC). The spaCy medium model combined with the neural network classifier achieved the best performance for the correctness of causal events in four of the five metrics, while the ConceptNet NumberBatch model worked best for the correctness of the causal sequence. These evaluation results provide a criterion for model adoption to adaptively support SRL of causal relations in DLEs.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Accurate monitoring is a prerequisite for effective self‐regulation.
Students struggle to accurately monitor their comprehension of causal relations in texts.
Completing causal diagrams improves students' monitoring accuracy, but there is room for further improvement.
Automatic scoring could be used to provide adaptive support during diagramming.
What this paper adds

Comparison of four Dutch word vector models combined with four machine learning classifiers for the automatic scoring of students' causal diagrams.
Five performance metrics to evaluate the above solutions.
Evaluation of the word vector models for estimating the semantic similarity between student and model answers.
Implications for practice and/or policy

High‐quality word vector models could (em)power adaptive support during causal diagramming via automatic scoring.
The evaluated solutions can be embedded in digital learning environments (DLEs).
Criteria for model adoption to adaptively support SRL of causal relations in DLEs.
The increased saliency of (in)correct answers via automatic scoring might help to improve students' monitoring accuracy.
‘What if someone had told me that as a kid?’: Professionals' perspectives on their personal experiences of family‐related childhood adversity and their supportive practice
Authors: Michelson Stina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study is to explore how professionals with personal experiences of family‐related childhood adversity describe and make sense of the relationship between their experience and their supportive practice. It builds on interviews with 10 professionals working within two Swedish non‐governmental organizations offering support to children experiencing family‐related adversity. The findings show that the participants draw upon their own experiences when identifying children's need for individual support, recognition, belonging, knowledge and hope. Together, these five aspects can be said to form an experience‐informed narrative about children's support needs. The paper concludes by suggesting that the concept of a ‘professional peer’ may be a useful term for encompassing the dual role of professionals who have personal experiences of family‐related childhood adversity and who provide support to children in similar situations.
A Computational Approach to Identifying Cultural Keywords Across Languages
Authors: Lim Zheng Wei , Stuart Harry , De Deyne Simon , Regier Terry , Vylomova Ekaterina , Cohn Trevor , Kemp Charles 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDistinctive aspects of a culture are often reflected in the meaning and usage of words in the language spoken by bearers of that culture. Keywords such as душа
(soul) in Russian, hati (heart) in Indonesian and Malay, and gezellig (convivial/cosy/fun) in Dutch are held to be especially culturally revealing, and scholars have identified a number of such keywords using careful linguistic analyses (Peeters, 2020b; Wierzbicka, 1990). Because keywords are expected to have different statistical properties than related words in other languages, we argue that a quantitative comparison of word usage across languages can help to identify cultural keywords. To support this claim, we describe a computational method that compares word frequencies across languages, and apply it to both linguistic corpora and word association data. The method identifies culturally specific words that range from “obvious” examples, such as Amsterdam in Dutch, to non‐obvious yet independently proposed examples, such as hati (heart) in Indonesian. We show in addition that linguistic corpora and word association data provide converging evidence about culturally specific words. Our results therefore show how computational analyses and behavioral experiments can supplement the methods previously used by linguists to identify culturally salient words across languages.
Towards new perspectives: A scoping review and meta‐synthesis to redefine brain health for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Wills Olivia , Probst Yasmine 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeResearch promoting the health of the brain has increased exponentially over the last decade. The importance of ‘brain health’ for multiple sclerosis (MS), as one example, is a high priority. However, as research into the concept increases, so does varied use of the term.MethodsA scoping review, guided by the methodological framework of the Joanna Briggs Institute, was conducted to collate the evidence relating to brain health for MS. A comprehensive literature search incorporated six search strategies to retrieve both scientific and grey literature sources. All evidence sources were qualitatively charted and synthesized (meta‐synthesis) according to their definition of brain health used, outcome measures and brain‐healthy lifestyle elements.ResultsSeventy evidence sources (34 peer reviewed, 36 grey literature) were eligible for inclusion. Of these, just over half (n = 40, 57%) provided a definition of brain health. The most common definition alluded to the biomedical model of neurological reserve (n = 22, 55%), a self‐remodelling theory described to retain optimal brain function. Twenty‐nine outcome measures of brain health were identified, the most frequent being magnetic resonance imaging metrics (n = 25, 83%). Physical activity was the most prevalent brain‐healthy lifestyle element (n = 44), followed by avoidance of smoking (n = 26) and diet (n = 24).ConclusionsBrain health should be considered a primary target for optimal disease and lifestyle management across the MS disease course. A working definition reflecting a shift from a medical lens towards broader biopsychosocial contexts that may influence brain health for people living with MS is proposed.
Puerulus settlement forecasting in a harvest strategy evaluation of the rock lobster fishery in South Australia
Authors: McGarvey Richard , Linnane Adrian , Feenstra John E. , Matthews Janet M. , McLeay Lachlan J. , Jones Annabel , Toumazos Kyriakos , de Lestang Simon 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHarvest strategies are utilised in the management of fishery resources globally. Critical to their success is harvest strategy evaluation, whereby future performance is assessed through projection modelling. Using the observed relationship between a puerulus settlement index and model‐estimated recruitment, we evaluated a southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) harvest strategy in South Australia. Short‐to‐medium puerulus settlement recruitment forecasting was incorporated into future projections of catch, catch per unit effort, and percent unexploited egg production (%UEP) during 2019–2022. Observed values of indicators that closely aligned with projected outputs indicated that puerulus forecasting underpinned reliable evaluation of future fishery performance. A key objective of the harvest strategy was to increase egg production in the fishery, with a 20% unexploited egg production targeted by 2036. The target was reached under the proposed strategy, but was sensitive to recruitment, thereby highlighting the need to consider climate change impacts in forecasting scenarios.
Modeling the importance of subsurface environmental variables in driving swordfish (Xiphias gladius) catchability in the Western Indian Ocean
Authors: Tang Wei , Wang Xuefang , Wu Feng , Geng Xiaoyu , Zhu Jiangfeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMany oceanic species in pelagic habitats move vertically through the water column, highlighting the ecological importance of that spatial environment for modeling habitats of marine species. The role and importance of multiple oceanic subsurface environmental variables in modeling the habitat suitability of swordfish (Xiphias gladius), a highly migratory large pelagic fish, is poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed adult swordfish data from the 2017–2019 Chinese Indian Ocean tuna longline fishery observer. We used the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) and random forest model (RF) to compare modeling schemes that included multiple subsurface environmental datasets. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) from training and test sets was evaluated to investigate whether the inclusion of subsurface variables could enhance model performance and affect the simulation results. This analysis showed that model performance was significantly enhanced after addition of subsurface environmental variables, and the best model fit was achieved at 200–300 m depth. Sea water temperature, dissolved oxygen, net primary production, and ocean mixed layer depth were the critical environmental factors constituting catchability for swordfish in the Western Indian Ocean. As the depth increased, dissolved oxygen became the most important environmental factor, replacing surface temperature. Compared with the surface model, the location and extent of areas of high catchability in certain months changed significantly after the addition of subsurface variables. The results of this study provide evidence for a better understanding of the selection of critical environmental variables and improvement of model performance in 3D habitat modeling of pelagic fish.