bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disinformation detection using graph neural networks: a survey
Authors: Lakzaei Batool , Haghir Chehreghani Mostafa , Bagheri Alireza 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe creation and propagation of disinformation on social media is a growing concern. The widespread dissemination of disinformation can have destructive effects on people’s attitudes and behavior. So, it is essential to detect disinformation as soon as possible. Therefore, the interest in effective detection techniques has grown rapidly in recent years. Major social media and social networking sites are trying to develop robust strategies to detect disinformation and prevent its spread. Machine learning techniques and especially neural networks, have an essential role in this task. In this paper, we review different approaches for automatic disinformation detection, with a focus on methods that leverage graph neural networks (GNNs). GNNs are very suitable tools for detecting disinformation in social networks. Because on the one hand, graphs are the most comprehensive way to model social networks and on the other hand, GNNs are the best tool for processing graph data. We define different forms of disinformation, and examine the features used and the methods presented from different perspectives. We also discuss relevant research areas, open problems, and future research directions for disinformation detection in social media.
Simultaneous Measurements of Surface Spanwise Waves and Velocity in a Turbulent Boundary Layer
Authors: Fumarola Isabella , Santer Matthew , Morrison Jonathan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAmong the different passive and active techniques for skin friction drag reduction for turbulent boundary layers, near wall forcing through moving walls is one of the most promising techniques at low Re$$_\tau$$

τ

. Fewer studies have looked at the mechanism at high Re$$_\tau$$

τ

, closer to flight conditions, largely because, in this regime, numerical simulations become harder and experiments more challenging. To that end, there is the need of a systematic study for different surface waves and flow conditions. This work introduces a new model using a kagome lattice and an experimental setup which combines simultaneous measurements of surface displacement and velocity in the boundary layer. Here the results from a shortened version of the model at Re$$_\tau \approx$$

τ

≈

1000 are presented to demonstrate the capability of the experimental setup which is developed in view of further investigation at higher Reynolds number.
Prioritizing weeds for biological control development in the western USA: adaptation of the Biological Control Target Selection system
Authors: Winston Rachel L. , Schwarzländer Mark , Hinz Hariet L. , Pratt Paul D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNonnative invasive plants (weeds) negatively impact native biodiversity, ecosystem services, agriculture, and the economic interests and health of humans. Since 1902, biological weed control has been employed as a cost-effective and sustainable management option for weeds in the USA. However, biological control is not appropriate for all weeds, nor is sufficient funding available to develop biological control for all weed species. Researchers in South Africa recently developed a Biological Control Target Selection (BCTS) system as an objective, transparent, and simple approach to prioritizing weeds as targets for biological control. The system includes multiple attributes pertaining to the: (1) impact and importance of the target weed, (2) likelihood of achieving success, and (3) investment required to develop and implement biological control. Attributes are scored based on available literature, and the overall score for each weed is used to rank species according to their potential to result in successful biological control programs. This paper describes the adaptation of the BCTS for application to weeds in the western USA not already targeted for biological control.
Mapping pressures on biodiversity: the contribution of thematic detail to decision making
Authors: Pla Magda , Hermoso Virgilio , Pino Joan , Brotons Lluís 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMapping pressures to species is key to identify where biodiversity is at risk and providing relevant information to direct conservation actions. Decision-making to minimise pressures requires the determination of specific target actions at a high level of detail. However, the trade-off between cost and effort to generate this information often leads to the production of generalised pressure maps, named coarse maps, covering the most relevant pressures and their proxies. Here we aimed to disentangle whether the cost and effort of mapping fine pressures is worthwhile to inform decision making, by comparing how fine and coarse maps identify “where” and “how” management actions should be derived. Comparing the extend of both map types as well as its capacity to identify risk areas. We focused on three main pressures: agricultural intensification, human intensification, and land abandonment. The study was carried out in Catalonia for local decision-making, but the results can be applied in other EU regions or elsewhere, also for local decisions-making. We found that the Jaccard’s similarity index between coarse and fine pressure maps was always below 0.3 indicating low overlap between fine and coarse maps. In particular, the coincidence between coarse and fine thematic maps within protected areas (PAs) was always below 50%. Both maps differed in the identification of risk areas inside three analysed PAs. Moreover, even when there was a total geographical overlap between coarse and fine maps, coarse maps lack information on which concrete pressure was actually present, making decision on actions needed difficult. Thus, we can conclude that fine maps can estimate more accurately both “where” and “how” to target concrete actions than coarser maps. Even in cases where the answer as to “where” to act is the same, fine maps provide more concrete information to provide guidance on “how” to act. Consequently, despite the high cost and effort involved in mapping pressures at a high level of detail, the final trade-off is positive.
Biomimetic highly porous nanocellulose–nanohydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Korkeamäki Jannika T. , Rashad Ahmad , Berstad Kaia , Weber Florian , Syverud Kristin , Haugen Håvard Jostein , Mustafa Kamal 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWood-derived TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) have potential as scaffolding for bone tissue engineering. Although biocompatible, the material lacks osteoconductive and appropriate mechanical properties. Incorporation of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and modification of scaffold preparation methods could improve applicability. In this study, freeze-dried porous scaffolds were prepared using a range of nHA (0, 20, 33, 50%) and CNF compositions. Not only the microarchitecture but also the chemical composition of the scaffolds was studied. Osteoblast-like osteosarcoma derived cells (Saos-2) were cultured on the scaffolds and their responses (viability, attachment, proliferation, and osteogenic phenotype) to the different scaffolds were documented. The results show that incorporation of nHA influenced the microarchitecture, mechanical stiffness and surface properties of the scaffolds. Moreover, biological characterization demonstrated good cell viability in all the groups. However, the increase of nHA concentration beyond 20% does not offer further advantages. It is concluded that the incorporation of 20% nHA resulted in the widest and most biomimetic pore size distribution, increased surface roughness and improved protein adsorption. These changes in material properties enhanced cell spreading and the osteogenic gene expression of osteoblast-like cells seeded on the scaffolds. Moreover, 20% nHA warrants further investigation as a potential scaffolding material for bone tissue engineering.
Graphical abstract
Influence of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ infection on carrot root weight in Germany
Authors: Sauer Jasmin , Dewert Anke , Fornefeld Eva , Götz Monika 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInfection with the bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso) is suspected to cause severe damage in carrot leading to high carrot weight loss. This study investigates three main aspects: (i) whether there is a reduction of carrot root weight under field conditions due to Lso infection; (ii) the correlation between Lso infection rate in carrot plants and occurrence of the psyllid Trioza apicalis as the known vector for Lso in carrot, and (iii) the comparison between symptoms described in literature and observed symptoms associated with Lso infection. Therefore, field surveys were conducted from 2018 to 2021 on organically managed carrot fields in Lower Saxony, Germany. Two Rebell orange sticky traps were placed per field replaced on a weekly basis. Captured T. apicalis were morphologically identified and counted. Carrot plant samples were collected from T. apicalis infested fields. Discolouration of foliage and further symptoms on carrots were investigated. For detection of Lso in carrot plants and psyllids, the samples were analysed using PCR. The infection rate of carrot plants varied between 2.5% and 80% per field with low abundance of T. apicalis. Of the asymptomatic plants, 39.4% were infected with Lso, while 80.9% of the symptomatic plants were infected with Lso. The weight of Lso-positive carrot samples was not significantly reduced compared to Lso-negative samples. No economically relevant losses of carrot yield were reported by farmers participating in this study. This indicates that there was no effect of Lso infection on carrot root weight during this study. Of the symptoms associated with a Lso infection in carrots, only leaf discolouration could be confirmed. Overall, the bacterium is present in organically grown carrot plants in Lower Saxony but no major carrot root weight losses were observed.
Probabilistic model for cracking localization in reinforced fibrous concrete beams
Authors: Karinski Yuri S. , Dancygier Avraham N. , Gebreyesus Yosef Y. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a probabilistic model that explains the phenomenon of cracking localization (CL) in RC beams with addition of steel fibers. Quantification of the CL is defined as the ratio between the total number of cracks and the number of significantly wide cracks. The model considers both the fibers and conventional reinforcement ratios, as well as the steel stress hardening and the location of the rebars in the cross-section. The fiber distribution in the concrete mix is considered random while the conventional reinforcement—as deterministic. A cumulative function of the total steel distribution, and a binomial probability function are proposed for a newly defined variable that represents the distribution of the fibers effectiveness along the beam. The model was validated with available data from flexural experiments showing good agreement of the model’s prediction with the reported results. The model shows that the cracking localization level in beams is more pronounced in beams with low reinforcement ratios and relatively large fibers content and enables its quantification.
Spatio-temporal investigation of urbanization and its impact on habitat fragmentation in natural ecosystems of Istanbul using Shannon’s entropy and landscape metrics in GIS
Authors: Bozkurt Selvinaz Gülçin , Basaraner Melih 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the impact of spatio-temporal dynamics of urban sprawl on habitats in Istanbul, using the CORINE 1990 and 2018 land cover datasets. In this context, by means of geographic information system (GIS) tools and techniques, land cover maps are created for land cover change analysis and visualization, the Shannon’s entropy method is performed for measuring urban growth and sprawl, and the landscape metrics method is applied for assessing habitat loss and fragmentation. Results indicate that the rate of urban sprawl in the area increased by 0.1230 as per the Shannon’s entropy index over the 28-year period. Similarly, the Shannon Diversity Index and the Shannon Evenness Index rose from 1.74 to 1.85 and from 0.68 to 0.70, respectively, indicating an increase in urbanization within the area. Moreover, an analysis of patch numbers reveals that habitat fragmentation increased in shrub and/or herbaceous vegetation associations (72.55%), heterogeneous agricultural areas (45.11%), arable lands (42.5%), forests (36.13%) and pastures (15.05%), due to urbanization. Habitat fragmentation has had a detrimental effect on the local biodiversity. While 15 flora species were identified as vulnerable, 13 as endangered and 9 as critically endangered, 19 fauna species were identified as vulnerable and 5 as endangered. This study highlights that the natural habitats and biodiversity of Istanbul will suffer further decline due to urbanization unless sustainable urban planning and management policies are put into practice. It is essential to have controlled urban development to preserve the ecosystem’s carrying capacity, and urbanization decisions must consider this requirement.
Confirmation of Skywalker Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock tianxing) in Myanmar Extends Known Geographic Range of an Endangered Primate
Authors: Aung Pyae Phyo , Lwin Ngwe , Aung Tin Htun , Htike Thura Soe Min , Thompson Carolyn , Roos Christian , Zaw Sa Myo , Lum L. Zawng , Oo Win Naing , Sau Zung , Turvey Samuel T. , Thein Wai Zinn , Maw Min Thein , Win Ye Tun , Oo Zaw Min , Van Rompay Koen K. A. , Gilardi Kirsten V. , Tremeu-Bravard Alex , Momberg Frank , Fan Peng-Fei , Cheyne Susan M. , Smiley Evans Tierra 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCharacterizing genetically distinct populations of primates is important for protecting biodiversity and effectively allocating conservation resources. Skywalker gibbons (Hoolock tianxing) were first described in 2017, with the only confirmed population consisting of 150 individuals in Mt. Gaoligong, Yunnan Province, China. Based on river geography, the distribution of the skywalker gibbon has been hypothesized to extend into Myanmar between the N’Mai Kha and Ayeyarwaddy Rivers to the west, and the Salween River (named the Thanlwin River in Myanmar and Nujiang River in China) to the east. We conducted acoustic point-count sampling surveys, collected noninvasive samples for molecular mitochondrial cytochrome b gene identification, and took photographs for morphological identification at six sites in Kachin State and three sites in Shan State to determine the presence of skywalker gibbons in predicted suitable forest areas in Myanmar. We also conducted 50 semistructured interviews with members of communities surrounding gibbon range forests to understand potential threats. In Kachin State, we audio-recorded 23 gibbon groups with group densities ranging between 0.57 and 3.6 group/km2. In Shan State, we audio-recorded 21 gibbon groups with group densities ranging between 0.134 and 1.0 group/km2. Based on genetic data obtained from skin and saliva samples, the gibbons were identified as skywalker gibbons (99.54–100% identity). Although these findings increase the species’ known population size and confirmed distribution, skywalker gibbons in Myanmar are threatened by local habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation. Most of the skywalker gibbon population in Myanmar exists outside protected areas. Therefore, the IUCN Red List status of the skywalker gibbon should remain as Endangered.
Analytic Processing in Data Lakes: A Semantic Query-Driven Discovery Approach
Authors: Diamantini Claudia , Potena Domenico , Storti Emanuele 
Published: February 2024

AbstractData integration and discovery are open issues in Data Lakes potentially storing hundreds of data sources. The present paper addresses these issues targeting multidimensional data sources, that is sources containing atomic or derived measures aggregated along a number of dimensions, typically derived from raw data for analytical and reporting purposes. Combining semantic models of metadata with existing data-driven techniques, the paper proposes an approach for the discovery of mappings between source metadata and concepts in a reference knowledge graph, enabling the definition of reasoning-based techniques to discover, integrate, and rank data sources relevant to a given analytical query. The efficiency and effectiveness of the approach is discussed by means of experiments on real-world scenarios.
Parental Perspectives on Early Life Screening and Genetic Testing for ASD: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dounavi Katerina , Koldas Meral 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition for which no prenatal or early life screening tests exist. Early life recognition of ASD is key to accessing behavioral intervention when brain plasticity is at its peak. The purpose of our study was to systematically review the literature researching parental perspectives around early life screening for autism and specifically genetic testing. A total of 30 studies were included and coded against the following variables: parental characteristics, child characteristics, research design, data collection and data analysis methods, type of early screening, and parental perspectives towards early life screening and genetic testing. The outcomes of the review showed that caregivers need more knowledge about ASD genetic testing, they are in general in favor of early life screening, and they prefer to access ASD genetic testing and early behavioral intervention as early as possible. As emerging genetic tests are likely to increase diagnostic accuracy for ASD in the near future, it is of paramount importance for research and practice to embrace parental needs and preferences. Healthcare providers can be pivotal in empowering parents to make informed decisions through clear, compassionate communication and counseling. Future research should seek to fill in an essential gap in the literature, which is to capture parental views from a diverse population.
Effect of nanoclay on the mechanical and thermal properties of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Örçen Gurbet , Bayram Duygu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe effects of nanoclay (NC) addition on the thermal and mechanical properties of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites were investigated experimentally in this study. Nanocomposite plates were produced for this purpose using three different NC ratios (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% by weight). Thermal characteristics of nanocomposites were investigated using dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The mechanical and thermal results obtained from composites with three different NC ratios were compared with the results obtained from pure composites. The structures of nanocomposites were investigated with the help of SEM–EDS analyses. Furthermore, the effect of nanoclay on the failure behavior of composites was also investigated. In this study, the highest values in all mechanical properties were obtained from samples with a 1% NC-added. Obtained from 1% NC-added samples: tensile, compressive, shear strengths, elasticity modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio values were 31.06%, 4.25%, 14.30%, 7.35%, 11.94%, and 12.5% higher, respectively, than the values obtained from pure samples. Maximum loss modulus and maximum storage modulus were obtained from samples with 1.5% and 0.5% NC-added, respectively. In samples with 1.5% NC-added, the highest Tan δ value was obtained. Glass transition temperatures increased with the added NC. It was observed that the fiber–matrix interfaces were more clearly separated in the samples with 1.5% NC-added.
Graphical abstract
Bioactive potential of Bio-C Temp demonstrated by systemic mineralization markers and immunoexpression of bone proteins in the rat connective tissue
Authors: Lopes Camila Soares , Delfino Mateus Machado , Tanomaru-Filho Mário , Sasso-Cerri Estela , Guerreiro-Tanomaru Juliane Maria , Cerri Paulo Sérgio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntracanal medications are used in endodontic treatment due to their antibacterial activity and ability to induce the periapical repair. Among the intracanal medications, the Calen (CAL; SS. White, Brazil) is a calcium hydroxide-based medication that provides an alkaline pH and releases calcium, exerting an antimicrobial activity. Bio-C Temp (BIO; Angelus, Brazil), a ready-to-use bioceramic intracanal medication, was designed to stimulate the mineralized tissues formation. Here, we investigated the bioactive potential of BIO in comparison to the CAL in the rat subcutaneous. Polyethylene tubes filled with medications, and empty tubes (control group, CG) were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. After 7, 15, 30 and 60 days, the blood was collected for calcium (Ca+2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) measurement, and the capsules around the implants were processed for morphological analyses. The data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (p < 0.05). At 7, 15 and 30 days, the ALP level was grater in BIO and CAL than in CG (p < 0.0001). At 7 and 15 days, greater Ca+2 level was seen in the serum of CAL samples. From 7 to 60 days, an increase in the number of fibroblasts, osteocalcin- and osteopontin-immunolabelled cells was observed in BIO and CAL groups (p < 0.0001). In all periods, BIO and CAL specimens showed von Kossa-positive structures. Moreover, ultrastructural analysis revealed globules of mineralization in the capsules around the BIO and CAL specimens. Thus Bio-C Temp caused an increase in the ALP, osteocalcin and osteopontin, which may have allowed the formation of calcite, suggesting bioactive potential.
Graphical Abstract
Primary productivity impacts community structure of euphausiids in the low-latitude Indian and Pacific Oceans
Authors: Zhou Fanyu , Hirai Junya , Sato Takuya , Horii Sachiko , Takahashi Kazutaka , Tsuda Atsushi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEuphausiids are a vital component of global marine micronekton. To reveal the primary environmental factors influencing euphausiid distribution patterns in the previously overlooked low-latitude ecosystems, we investigated a large-scale community structure of euphausiids covering the North Pacific subtropical gyre (NPSG) and low-latitude eastern Indian (EI), and South Pacific Oceans (SP). A total of 41 euphausiid species from six genera were identified. Integrated primary production (PP) correlated significantly with the euphausiid abundance and species diversity and displayed the most critical influence on the variations in euphausiid community structure in low latitudes. Dissolved oxygen (DO) was the second significant environmental driver. Due to the distinct distribution patterns of euphausiid species in response to different PP and DO levels, the low-latitude euphausiid assemblages were mainly distinguished into subtropical and tropical communities. The subtropical euphausiid community associated with lower PP and higher DO demonstrated significantly lower euphausiid abundance but higher diversity than the tropical community. Euphausia brevis, E. mutica, and Stylocheiron abbreviatum, which characterize the subtropical community, appear to depend less on the phytoplanktonic prey. Euphausia diomedeae and Hansarsia gracilis, typifying the tropical population, showed stronger hypoxia tolerance. Additionally, each community was further divided into three subgroups under the influence of surface PP (subtropical: marginal NPSG, central NPSG, and austral EI-SP subgroups; tropical: the Bay of Bengal, equatorial EI, and equatorial EI-SP subgroups). These results suggested that food resource is the most important in shaping euphausiids’ community structure in an oligotrophic ecosystem with subtle hydrography gradients.