bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron beam irradiation induced structural transformation in TEM study
Authors: Zeng Yuan , Zhang Zhihong , Ye Huanyu , Qiu Hongmei , Wang Rongming 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

In-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), enabling the introduction of various stimuli into the TEM sample chamber, is a powerful tool to observe the dynamic structural transformation under external stimuli at the atomic scale, and thus has attracted extensive attentions in the research of materials science and nanotechnology. In particular, massive studies using imaging electron beams as a particular type of stimuli in TEM have emerged up, as it requires no additional experimental equipment or special specimen holders. This review provides a comprehensive summary of e-beam stimulated in-situ TEM experiments, and discusses the underlying mechanisms based on the various interaction between electrons and matter. Specifically, it covers electron beam-induced nanostructure sculpture, phase transformation, and chemical reaction driven structural transformation, where the effects of e-beam irradiation are focused. Finally, we summarize current developments in this field and provide insights into its future.
Erasure by friction: an over-scales-manifesting estimation of the nanoscale (quantum) coefficient of friction
Authors: Gadomski Adam , Karpiński Karol 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The substantial need to introduce a measure of the properly defined coefficient of friction (COF) appears to be a greatly profitable nanotechnological challenge. Since the nanoscale constitutes a passage between classical and quantum physical descriptions, the proposed COF measure should involve its signature. To this end, we wish to propose a simple construction of the COF, bearing the classical (thermodynamic) and quantum (Heisenberg uncertainty involving) counterparts. Thus, while performing the task, we offer a guided tour from meso- (to some extent, from a ‘small’ macroscale even) to nanoscale. As a motivation for building our simple theoretical construct, we have based it on a number of sophisticated experiments involving by-light-trapped atoms and/or ions, atomic force microscopy (AFM) involving the twisting of graphene (bi)layers, and certain atomistic simulations of friction. The derived formula for the COF at the nanoscale consists of two competing terms: one of them contains an energetic contribution, engaging the thermal energy expenditure for an atom/ion erasure. The second, in turn, includes a quantum contribution based on the energetic Heisenberg uncertainty principle, also involving a short but measurable interval for kinetic friction to commence. Both terms are weighted by the same energy term stemming from a very weak gravitational impact with ultralight AFM-type nanosensors (or, nanoindenters) enabled to operate. As a result, the obtained COF is of ultrasmall value, including a tuning friction-reaction time parameter, suggesting a nonlinear kinetic origin of the so-constructed COF. As demonstrated, this gives a principal and ready-for-application novelty to our work. The time parameter can accurately reveal the superlubricity condition of classical-quantum origin assigned to the erasure-by-friction nanoscale event.
Inferring traits of hyperuniformity from local structures via persistent homology
Authors: Milor Abel H G , Salvalaglio Marco 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hyperuniformity refers to the suppression of density fluctuations at large scales. Typical for ordered systems, this property also emerges in several disordered physical and biological systems, where it is particularly relevant to understand mechanisms of pattern formation and to exploit peculiar attributes, e.g. interaction with light and transport phenomena. While hyperuniformity is a global property, ideally defined for infinitely extended systems, several disordered correlated systems have finite size. It has been shown in Salvalaglio et al (2024 Phys. Rev. Res.
6 023107) that global hyperuniform (HU) characteristics systematically correlate with distributions of topological properties representative of local arrangements. In this work, building on this information, we explore and assess the inverse relationship between hyperuniformity and local structures in point patterns as described by persistent homology. Standard machine learning algorithms trained on persistence diagrams are shown to detect hyperuniformity of periodic point patterns with high accuracy. Therefore, we demonstrate that the information on patterns’ local structures allows for characterizing whether finite size arrangements are analogous to those realized in HU patterns. Then, addressing more quantitative aspects, we show that parameters defining hyperuniformity globally can be reconstructed by comparing persistence diagrams of targeted patterns with reference ones. We also explore the generation of patterns entailing given topological properties. The results of this study pave the way for advanced analysis of HU patterns including local information, and introduce basic concepts for their inverse design.
Semi-supervised generative adversarial network to estimate the depth map of underwater targets in acoustic images for 3D reconstruction
Authors: Bai Boming , Yan Weisheng , Cui Rongxin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Owing to the unique imaging formulation principle of acoustic cameras, certain dimensions of the target may be lost in acoustic images. Some studies have been conducted to retrieve these missing details from a single pseudo front depth that contains 3D information about the target. Nevertheless, the use of a single pseudo front depth may face ambiguity problems in recovering the 3D information of acoustic targets. Therefore, this paper presents a novel semi-supervised generative adversarial network (SGAN) for estimating the depth of two adjacent acoustic images at know relative sonar poses, which generates high-accuracy reconstruction results, while reducing the dependence on the labeled ground truth of acoustic targets. Specifically, we design a semi-supervised depth estimation framework that utilizes image warping for semi-supervised training, resulting in denser depth maps. Various datasets containing underwater targets and terrain were generated to simulate real underwater scenarios. Experiments with simulator data and real images verify the feasibility of using SGAN for depth estimation in 3D target reconstruction.
Higgs boson in condensed matter system
Authors: Kaga Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We show that Higgs amplitude mode is possible only when a collective boson state (Higgs state) starts to exist at the onset of condensation from its previous non-collective state in the high-temperature phase before the system undergoes a phase transition to the low-temperature broken symmetry condensed phase. Thus, Higgs boson can exist not only as an excitation mode but as a physical particle. Such phase transition is a first order transition from superconductor (superfluid) to insulator which is described by the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) free energy of second-order-transition type augmented with the Higgs boson state and the entropy term of the insulator phase. Higgs boson excitation is a collective excitation of non-condensed collective boson from the condensate which makes a collective amplitude oscillation with the remaining condensate. Therefore, Higgs mode energy in the long-wavelength limit has the same magnitude as one boson condensation-resolving energy. The experimental observations of Higgs modes in charge density wave superconductor NbSe3 and in disordered superconductor films NbN and InO near the superconductor-to-insulator quantum phase transition are in good accord with the present phenomenological Higgs boson theory. Especially the dynamical conductivity of the latter strongly disordered superconductors provides the evidence that Higgs mode energy is the condensation-resolving energy of one boson.
Cost-effective synthesis of the InO(OH) thin film and exploration of its electrochemical properties as supercapacitor electrode
Authors: Sharma Suneel Kumar , Maurya Priyanka , Nidya M , Pradhan Nilam Sherestha , Pandey S N 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present the synthesis of a binder-free InO(OH) electrode by cost-effective successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method for supercapacitive application. The synthesized material was characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Mapping, and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analyses. The electrochemical performance of the electrode was evaluated through cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) analysis, cycling stability, and Bode phase angle analyses. The electrode exhibited pseudocapacitive behaviour, achieving a maximum charge storage capacity of 119 F g−1 at 5 mVs−1 scan rate. Additionally, the electrode retained ~ 64% of its initial capacitance after 5,000 GCD cycles. Bode phase angle analysis further confirmed the capacitive nature of the electrode. The energy and power densities were estimated to be 5.7 Wh kg−1 and 172.9 W kg−1 respectively. This is a basic study and the capacitive performance of InO(OH) can be significantly improved in forthcoming researches by dopants or through compositing, for practical application in supercapacitors.
Investigating spin states, oxygen vacancies, and hybridization in bimetallic α-FeCo2(OH)6 electrode material
Authors: Arya Rajkamal , Dagar Tanya , Sinha A K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

α-phase transition metal hydroxide (TMH) systems show superior electrochemical properties compared to its β-phase, because of the layered crystal structure, in which the layers are separated by the water molecules. TMHs are also the better option for energy storage devices mainly supercapacitors, compared to TM oxides, because of their higher electronic conductivity and superior theoretical capacity. However, for these systems experimentally achieved specific capacity is much lower than its theoretical capacity. Morphology and electronic properties are important inputs to improve electrochemical performance further. The electronic properties of these materials have not been reported and to fill this gap in literature, we report the electronic properties of bimetallic α-FCH (FeCo2(OH)6), using K and L3,2 edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy. We find that average oxidation state for Co is 1.9 resulting in oxygen vacancies at Co sites. The average oxidation state for Fe is more than +2, indicative of a +3-oxidation state for some Fe atoms. The average crystal field splitting (CFS) is 1.3 eV with a core hole contribution of 0.2 and 0.3 eV for Co and Fe, respectively. Satellite peaks in both Co and Fe L3,2 edge spectra, attributed to the core hole transitions, show significant hole doping. TM-O6 octahedra are asymmetric (c > a), as observed from higher FWHM of eg peak than t2g peak. Fe is found to be in a low spin state, whereas Co is in a mixed spin state in FCH. Significant pre-edge in Fe XANES indicates preferential hybridization between Fe 3d and oxygen 2p orbitals.
An analytically tractable marked power spectrum
Authors: Ebina Haruki , White Martin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The increasing precision of cosmology data in the modern era is calling for methods to allow the extraction of non-Gaussian information using tools beyond two-point statistics.
The marked power spectrum has the potential to extract beyond two-point information in a computationally efficient way while using much of the infrastructure already available for the power spectrum.
In this work we explore the marked power spectrum from an analytical perspective. In particular, we explore a low-order polynomial for the mark that allows us to better control the theoretical uncertainties and we show that with minimal new degrees of freedom the analytical results match measurements from N-body simulations for both the matter field and biased tracers in redshift space.
Finally, we show that even within the limited forms of mark that we consider, there are degeneracies that can be broken by inclusion of the marked auto-spectrum or the cross-spectrum with the unmarked field. We discuss future theoretical developments that would enable us to apply this approach to survey data.
IntelliMIK: a novel intelligent quench detection method for fusion devices
Authors: Yan Qing , Hu Yanlan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The timely and accurate quench detection system is an important guarantee for the safe operation of fusion devices. For the superconducting magnets with rapidly changing current in the fusion device, the core challenge is to compensate for the complex induced voltage to obtain the quench voltage signal. EAST adopts a two-stage induced voltage compensation method of Co-wound Wire primary compensation and Inductive Noise Realtime Calculation (MIK) secondary compensation for quench detection. However, even after compensation, the induced voltage noise may still exceed the quench detection threshold, resulting in system misjudgment. In order to meet the demands of increasingly complicated operating environments of fusion devices and the application of High Temperature Superconductivity, we proposed a new neural network-based induced voltage compensation method IntelliMIK. It is used to replace MIK for secondary compensation. IntelliMIK has been trained using historical data from EAST and then applied on EAST. In the recent actual operation of 2000 shots (shot 141001 - shot 143000), IntelliMIK demonstrated significant advantages over MIK. The results show that IntelliMIK significantly decreases the induced voltage noise of the quench signal, can accurately detect the quench, and can effectively avoid quench misjudgment caused by peak noise.
The removal of ammonia nitrogen from wastewater by using modified Zeolite particles under ultrasonic cavitation
Authors: He Pengde , Liu Fengbin , Yan Hongjuan , Dou Zhaoliang , Chen Wenbin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The modified natural zeolite and artificial zeolite were used to treat ammonia nitrogen solution under the combination of aeration and ultrasonic cavitation. The adsorption process was analyzed by means of kinetic model, adsorption isothermal model and internal diffusion model. In addition, the surface microstructures of the modified zeolites before and after the experiment was characterized. The results showed that the kinetic processes of the two modified zeolites under aeration and ultrasonic processes can be better described with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. And, the adsorption process conforms to the Freundlich isothermal equation better. The modified zeolite can easily adsorb ammonia nitrogen for its stronger affinity for NH4
+ compared to the untreated zeolite. At the same time, the physical adsorption capacity and ion exchange capacity of the modified artificial zeolites under aeration and ultrasonic cavitation processes are stronger than that of the modified natural zeolites under the same conditions, which contribute to the higher removal fraction of the ammonia nitrogen. The different adsorption capacity and ion exchange capacity between the modified artificial zeolites and modified natural zeolites can be attributed to their different microstructures.
Development and optimization of a CMOS-based energy management circuit for piezoelectric energy harvesting in IoT applications
Authors: Vázquez-Valdés S E , Woo-García Rosa M , Herrera‑May Agustín L. , Osorio‑de‑la‑Rosa E , Lopez‑Huerta Francisco 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Advances in remote and continuous health monitoring using the internet of things (IoT) have highlighted the critical need for uninterrupted and long-term power supplies for these devices. Consequently, the study of energy harvesting has gained paramount importance to provide energy solutions. Energy harvesting involves multiple stages to recover energy from the surrounding environment. This article focuses on the energy management stage, where harvested energy is adapted to power low power devices. Specifically, we propose a reconfigurable rectifier with cross-gate coupling and a low-dropout voltage regulator (LDO converter) using 0.18μm TSMC CMOS technology for a piezoelectric power harvesting system. This circuit handles voltage ranges from 0.5V to 3.3 V with power output in the order of microwatts (μW) and occupies an area of 0.00577702125 mm2 (5777.021 μm2).
Influence of geometric and material parameters on sound insulation of locally resonant phononic crystal plates
Authors: Zhang Mengyang , Zhu Congyun , Ding Guofang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The sound isolation of locally resonant phononic crystal panels is significantly affected by geometrical and material parameters. In this paper, the variation of sound insulation is analyzed and observed by designing phononic crystal plates with different geometrical and material parameters. The research results indicate that in the structure of locally resonant phononic crystal plates, the density of scatterers and matrix materials has the most significant impact on sound insulation performance. As the density increases, the maximum sound insulation initially increases and then decreases. The density, elastic modulus, and Poisson’s ratio of the coating layer material also affect the sound insulation performance. Additionally, the filling rate of the scatterer structure influences the performance to some extent. Therefore, when designing locally resonant phononic crystal plates, the material density of scatterers and the matrix should be prioritized, followed by changes in the scatterer structure, and finally, the selection of an appropriate coating material.
Design analysis of supercritical helium circulating pump impeller for CRAFT superconducting magnet platform cooling
Authors: Zhu Yingqiu , Huang Guoquan , Zhang Qiyong , Cheng Anyi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The supercritical helium circulating pump in the CRAFT supercritical helium-assisted distribution cooler provides high flow rates of supercritical helium to the superconducting magnets, and the impellers of the supercritical helium pump body are impeller-designed according to functional requirements. In this paper, the impeller of a helium circulation pump with 350 g/s is taken as the research object, and the N-S equation and SST k-ε model are used to numerically solve and analyze the impeller field, and the preliminary design parameters of the impeller are determined by the impeller circulation pressure field and velocity field. The results show that the pressure field of the impeller fluid domain is uniformly distributed, the total pressure reaches 0.67 Mpa at maximum, the velocity of the trailing edge at the back of the blade reaches 40 m/s at maximum, and no vortex is generated in the flow area.
Simulated near-field radioactive source localization in 3D with Coded Aperture and Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Karafasoulis K. , Kaissas I. , Papadimitropoulos C. , Potiriadis K. , Lambropoulos C.P. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Coded Aperture γ-cameras have been extensively used in applications ranging
from astrophysics to nuclear medicine for imaging radioactive source distributions. These devices
allow the identification of the direction of γ-emitters by analyzing the shadow
patterns projected onto pixelated detectors. In this work, we propose a novel approach based on
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for accurately localizing radioactive sources in 3D using one
coded aperture gamma camera. The CNN is trained using simulated shadowgrams generated by a custom
simulation tool, with sources placed at various positions within the near-field, ranging from 20 cm to 120 cm from the detector. Unlike previous methods that focused on estimating angular
coordinates, our model also accurately estimates the distance of the source, achieving a distance
estimation accuracy of 10 mm, in addition to determining the polar and azimuthal angles. This
capability is particularly relevant for medical imaging applications, where precise localization
of radioactive sources is crucial. The results of our study demonstrate the potential of CNN-based
algorithms in improving the accuracy and reliability of single-detector systems in near-field
radioactive source localization.
A combined approach of performance evaluation and position distortion correction for a multitube position-sensitive neutron detector
Authors: Zuo Jingxin , Hu Sen , Sun Liangwei , Zhou Rong , Yang Chaowen , Zhang Xiang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A new multitube position-sensitive detector (PSD) for
small-angle neutron scattering spectrometer at the Chinese Mianyang
Research Reactor was assembled in 2021. This paper presents the
experimental design and implementation aimed at noise reduction,
spatial resolution testing, and position correction for the
multitube PSD. In addition, the analysis results indicate that the
deviation of the linear fitting correction increases linearly with
the gain difference between the two ends of the PSD, ultimately
hindering effective position correction. To address this issue, a
new position correction method for multitube PSDs has been proposed
that is simpler, more accurate, and broadly applicable to similar
detectors.
Preparation and characterization of mesoporous core–shell bioactive glass-based cements for direct pulp capping
Authors: Xu Xiaoting , He Yehong , Chen Xiaochen , Fan Zhen , Wang Deping 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Direct pulp capping is crucial for maintaining dental pulp vitality. The materials employed for this purpose should possess properties such as easy-handling, excellent biocompatibility, infection resistance, and the ability to stimulate the formation of reparative dentin. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is commonly used for pulp capping. However, certain limitations, including its long setting time, insufficient anti-washout ability, high initial curing pH, and handling difficulties, restrict MTA from meeting a broader range of clinical demands. Bioactive glass (BG) is known for its osteo-inductive and bone restoration properties. This study aims to develop a novel BG-based cement (BG-x/SA) for pulp capping applications, using BG microspheres (BG-x) as the solid phase and sodium alginate solution (SA) as the liquid phase. The solid phase has core–shell microspheres made by in-situ transformation, with BG in the core and hydroxyapatite in the shell. The study focuses on how the in-situ synthesis reaction parameters affect the cement’s properties. Ultimately, BG-6/SA cement was identified as the optimal formulation, and a comparison with MTA shows BG-6/SA cement has a short setting time, good anti-washout performance, can adjust pH to mildly alkaline, promotes dentin formation, and has antibacterial effects. Thus, BG-6/SA cement has significant research value and good prospects as a new pulp-capping material.