bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ANTI-THYROID PEROXIDASE ANTIBODY AND RECURRENT MISCARRIAGE
Authors: Mahmood Sara , Fattah Chro 
Published: December 2023

Background Thyroid disease is the second most commonly affected disease in childbearing women, after diabetes, and thyroid autoimmunity in pregnancy has been connected with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage, recurrent miscarriage, preterm birth, and low intelligence.
Objectives The study seeks to determine whether there is a significant correlation between anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and unexplained recurrent miscarriages.
Patients and MethodsA Case-control study was conducted on 124 participants, 62 women who had experienced unexplained recurrent miscarriage and 62 healthy women without a history of miscarriage, from 11.9.2021 until 10.6.2022 in the outpatient and emergency department of Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital and some private clinics in Sulaimani City/Kurdistan Region /Iraq, and screening for TSH and anti–thyroid peroxidase antibody are done for both groups.
ResultsThe prevalence of positive anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody in women with recurrent miscarriage was 19.4 %, while in women without miscarriage was 6.5% (which is considerably higher in cases than in women without recurrent miscarriage with a p-value of 0.03 and an odd ratio of 3.48 (95% CI; 1.06-11.48).
ConclusionThere is a statistically significant relationship between anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and recurrent miscarriage. We recommend screening for TSH and thyroid antibodies for women with recurrent miscarriages and further studies on the effect of levothyroxine therapy for euthyroid women with antibody positive.
EVALUATION OF VITAMIN D IN MOTHERS AND NEWBORNS AT BIRTH IN SULAIMANI MATERNITY TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Mahmood Diya , Noori Saman 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundDeficiencies in vitamin D are frequent worldwide. Approximately 1 billion individuals around the globe are vitamin D deficient (<20ng/ml), and half of the population is insufficient (20-29ng/ml). According to extensive epidemiological studies, vitamin D deficiency is common in women, particularly pregnant and nursing mothers. Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is associated with various maternal and fetal health effects.
ObjectivesVitamin D levels in fetuses and newborns are directly related to their mothers’ levels during pregnancy. The study aims to assess and compare the vitamin D levels of mothers and their newborn babies. Additionally, we are interested in determining whether there is a link between vitamin D levels and delivery outcomes.
Patients and MethodsOne hundred pairs of mothers and newborns enrolled in a cross-sectional study at Maternity Teaching Hospital in Sulaimani. Any newborn baby diagnosed with a congenital abnormality during pregnancy was excluded. Also, any mother that was on anticonvulsant drugs was excluded. Blood samples for vitamin D analysis were taken from the mothers and newborns at birth. In addition, the demographic and medical data of the mothers and newborns were recorded. All evaluations had a p-value of 0.05 as the threshold for statistical significance.
ResultsThe mothers’ and newborns’ mean vitamin D were 17.2±13.33 ng/ml and 10.48±9.77 ng/ml, respectively. An examination of the data using statistical methods indicated a connection between the vitamin D found in mothers and the levels found in their newborns (p-value=0.001). Furthermore, higher levels during pregnancy were linked to better Apgar scores (≥7) for their newborn children (p-value=0.03). Maternal vitamin D level was not statistically associated with other birth outcomes; p-value > 0.05.
ConclusionThe results of this study show that vitamin D deficiency in mothers leads to deficiency in their newborns. Except for the Apgar score, no statistically significant relationship was found between maternal vitamin D levels and other birth outcomes.
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING SURVIVAL OUTCOMES OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER PATIENTS TREATED AT A SINGLE TERTIARY RADIOTHERAPY CENTER IN IRAQ
Authors: Mikaeil Redeer , Saeed Kamal , Saeed Nyan 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundCarcinoma of the oesophagus is one of the top ten most prevalent and aggressive types of cancer worldwide.
ObjectivesTo determine the clinicopathological factors affecting the survival of oesophagal cancer.
Patients and MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted retrospectively on 97 patients with oesophagal cancer in a single radiotherapy cancer centre in Sulaimaniyah City, Kurdistan region of Iraq, from 2010 to 2021.
ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 68.4 ± 12.2, ranging from 29 to 90 years old. The major histology was squamous cell carcinoma (89%), and pathological grade II disease was more prevalent (53%). Males and females were equally affected (50% for each gender). At presentation, a larger number of the patients were located in the lower (N=30) and mid (N=29) oesophagus. Stage III was the most common presenting stage (45.7%). The median follow-up time was 14 months. The 12-month and 18-month survival rates were 58.6% and 34.6%, respectively. There was a significantly better survival outcome for patients with grade 1 disease than higher grades, especially grade 2 (p value= 0.01). Chemoradiation showed significantly improved survival benefits compared with RT alone (p value= 0.03) and tri-modality therapy.
ConclusionThe most significant factors affecting 18-month actual survival in oesophagal cancer are tumour biology characteristics, especially low tumour grade, and chemoradiotherapy without surgery.
OXIDATIVE STRESS STATUS IN SERUM OF MIGRAINEURS IN ERBIL CITY-IRAQ
Authors: Rasoul Abdulrahman 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundMigraine is one of the neurological disorders whose etiology remains elusive. Increased oxidative stress may be associated with migraine. Oxidative stress may play an important role in patients with migraine, and it can reflect the ability of tissues to free radical damage.
ObjectivesTo determine the oxidative stress markers levels in migraine patients’ serum. This study also included the use of oxidative stress indicators to diagnose migraines.
Materials and MethodsA total of 180 subjects (100 migraines and 80 healthy controls) were included in the study; nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in serum.
ResultsIn migraineurs, the levels of SOD, NO, and MDA were significantly higher when compared to healthy controls. There was a significant positive correlation between NO with MDA and SOD. Roc curve showed that NO was a useful marker for the diagnosis of migraine. Binary logistic regression documented that NO was negatively affect the life of migraineurs.
ConclusionTherefore, oxidative stress has a role in the pathophysiology of migraine, and NO may serve as a useful diagnostic marker in migraine patients.
SERUM IGM AND IGG TITERS 2 WEEKS AND 8 WEEKS FROM BEGINNING OF SYMPTOMS AND THEIR RELATION TO SEVERITY IN COVID-19
Authors: Amin Sabir , Al-Shaikhani Mohamed , Abdulrahman Rebwar 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundCOVID-19 pandemic, which started in late December 2019, has resulted in a significant number of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Estimating serum antibody titers of both IgM & IgG against the coronavirus in patients plays a crucial role in diagnosis and assessing the severity of the infection.
ObjectivesOur objective is to assess IgM and IgG levels at 2 and 8 weeks from the onset of COVID-19 symptoms and examine their relationship with disease severity and mortality. Additionally, we aim to determine how these antibody levels relate to patient age, BMI, gender, and any chronic illnesses they may have.
Patients and MethodsThis prospective study was conducted at Dr. Hemn Teaching Hospital in Sulaymaniyah, from December 4th, 2021 to March 5th, 2022. It included 33 males and 28 females, aged between 17 and 92 years, all of whom were confirmed to have COVID-19 by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction and/or High-resolution computed tomography. Blood samples were taken 2 and 8 weeks from starting symptoms and processed by ELISA to detect IgM and IgG titers.
ResultsMale patients accounted for 54.1%, and 63.93% were between 30-70 years of age, with 90.16% residing in the city center. The majority were non-smokers (68.85%), and 86.89% did not consume alcohol. In terms of infection severity, 22.95% had mild cases, 40.98% were moderate and 36.07% were severe-critical infections. We observed that higher antibody titers in the early phase were associated with increasing severity and mortality. A higher body mass index was identified as a risk factor for elevated antibody production while hypertension and diabetes were not.
ConclusionOur findings suggest that higher levels of IgM and IgG antibodies during the early phase of COVID-19 are associated with increased disease severity and, consequently, higher mortality rates. Furthermore, a higher BMI was found to be a risk factor for elevated antibody production. After 8 weeks from symptoms, IgG levels remained elevated, while IgM levels declined sharply.
DETERMINATION OF MOTHERS' INFORMATION AND ATTITUDE REGARDING NEONATAL JAUNDICE MANAGEMENT IN RAPARIN ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Murad Handren , Mohammed Ribwar 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundNeonatal jaundice is a widespread disorder that affects newborns more frequently than any other condition. Newborn morbidity and mortality are the possible consequences of inappropriate treatment and a delay in the diagnosis of neonatal jaundice. Consequently, awareness and health-seeking activities of mothers are critical in determining the fate of this hazard.
ObjectivesTo determine the level of information and attitude of mothers in the Raparin Administration toward neonatal jaundice management.
Materials and MethodsA Cross-sectional study was conducted in Raparin Administration Teaching Hospitals for Maternity and Children. A non-probability / convenient sampling technique was used for the selection of 208 mothers who have a neonate with jaundice. The data were collected through structured interviews with mothers, using a specially designed questionnaire, from May 2022 to July 2022. A Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v.27) was used for statistical analysis.
ResultsThe results of the study show that the majority of mothers were in the age group 25-33 years, the percentage of those mothers who have graduated from universities was 26.9% and 78.4% of them were living in urban areas, followed by 90.4% of mothers were unemployed and 71.6% have delivered their babies through cesarean section. 61.5% of the neonate’s study sample were male. The percentage of neonates’ blood group O+ is 39.4%. about (54.3) had been fed their babies through breastfeeding. Another major finding revealed that 57.2% of mothers had good information followed by 48.1% of them also had a good attitude regarding neonatal jaundice management. The mean scores of mothers’ information and attitude are 2.45 and 2.34 respectively both mean scores are in the good area on their spectrum, also revealing that there are significant relationships between mothers’ information and their demographic features (level of education and mother occupation) at p-value < 0.02 and < 0.01 respectively.
ConclusionMothers had good information and attitudes regarding neonatal jaundice management. Mothers’ information significantly relates to their occupation and level of education. And also, a non-significantly relationship with their age, and residential places. Mothers’ attitudes significantly relationships with their age, educational level, residency, and mothers’ occupation. It is recommended that mothers should be given further health education during antenatal visits regarding neonatal jaundice management to improve their information and attitudes.
Tiempo transcurrido desde la primera consulta al inicio del tratamiento, en pacientes oncológicos pediátricos.
Authors: Guerrero Quiroz Enmanuel Isidoro 
Published: December 2023

Antecedentes: el cáncer es una de las principales causas de muerte en niños y adolescentes alrededor del mundo. Retardar el inicio de su tratamiento puede influir negativamente en la supervivencia.
Objetivo: determinar el tiempo transcurrido desde la primera consulta al inicio de tratamiento (TTPC), en pacientes oncológicos pediátricos (POP), en asociación con otras variables.
Metodología: serie de casos. Se incluyeron pacientes de 1 a 14 años, tratados en un hospital oncológico de Sudamérica (período 2009-2018). La variable resultado fue TTPC. Otras variables de interés fueron: variables biodemográficas, tipo de cáncer y unidad de referencia.
Se aplicó estadística descriptiva (porcentajes, medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión) y analítica (comparación de promedios, t-test para muestras independientes y ANOVA de un factor para comparación de más de tres promedios).
Resultados: fueron estudiados 252 pacientes (54.8% hombres), con un promedio de edad de 6.9 años. El 50% procedió de la provincia donde se encuentra el hospital oncológico y las leucemias fueron el tipo de cáncer más común (64.3%). El médico y/o clínica particular, fueron el primer contacto médico (52.3%) y la unidad de referencia (25.7%) la más frecuente. El TTPC fue significativamente menor cuando los pacientes acudieron de la provincia donde se ubica el hospital (32.6 días) y cuando tenían un diagnóstico de leucemia (32.1 días) (p<0.05). El TTPC fue 41.2 días.
Conclusiones: el TTPC en POP se encuentra dentro de lo recomendado para los países en vías de desarrollo, siendo menor en pacientes con leucemia, y en quienes habitan en la provincia donde funciona el hospital.
Abordaje adecuado de anemia crónica en mieloma múltiple: reporte de caso
Authors: Bermeo Cabrera Marcia Janneth , Ordóñez Chacha Pablo Roberto , Reibán Espinoza Esteban Adrián 
Published: December 2023

Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente en quien se diagnóstica inicialmente de anemia crónica deficitaria y recibe tratamientos sustitutivos con hierro, sin embargo, al persistir con la misma y sumarse otros datos bioquímicos, la verdadera enfermedad que escondía nos lleva a reflexionar sobre la importancia de un diagnóstico pausado en el manejo de una patología tan frecuente como es la anemia. Cuando se analizó en su conjunto los datos clínicos y bioquímicos se llegó al diagnóstico definitivo de mieloma múltiple, pero, la paciente ya presentaba compromiso en órganos blanco sobre todo a nivel renal por lo que el tratamiento usado fue más conservador y al momento su pronóstico es estable pero reservado
ESQUIZOFRENIA INFANTIL: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA DE UM CASO CLÍNICO COMPLEXO COM ABORDAGEM TERAPÊUTICA
Authors: Della Giustina Caon Leonel , Della Giustina Caon Livia , Campagnaro Marin Natalia 
Published: December 2023

A esquizofrenia em crianças e adolescentes é uma síndrome que consiste em sintomas positivos e negativos de psicose que impactam no desenvolvimento e funcionamento cognitivo. Esse estudo objetiva relatar um caso de esquizofrenia na infância, demonstrando seus aspectos clínicos e diagnósticos. Paciente de 12 anos, sexo feminino, apresentou-se com sintomas psicóticos graves, como alucinações visuais e auditivas, delírios persecutórios e tentativa de suicídio por medicamentos, além de crises de ansiedade, insônia, irritabilidade e humor deprimido. Diante da clínica preocupante, suspeitou-se de esquizofrenia. O tratamento foi iniciado com antipsicótico atípico, para abordar os sintomas psicóticos, como alucinações e delírios. Além disso, foi prescrito um antidepressivo tricíclico para aliviar a ansiedade, o humor hipotímico e a insônia. Houve uma melhora gradual nos sintomas psicóticos, na ansiedade e no humor e a ideação suicida diminuiu significativamente. É importante destacar que o tratamento da esquizofrenia é um processo contínuo, portanto a paciente continuará sendo monitorada. Como conclusão, o estudo ressalta a importância de uma abordagem integrada e precoce para melhorar a qualidade de vida de pacientes jovens que enfrentam desafios psiquiátricos complexos.
Palavras-chave: Esquizofrenia, psiquiatria do adolescente, ideação suicida.
Pneumonia necrosante pediátrica: um relato de caso
Authors: Angelo Lara , Althoff de Villa Mariana , Ferro Hoffmann Nicoly , Batista Matos Beatriz , De Lucca Silveira Gustavo , Rosa e Silva Fabiane 
Published: December 2023

A pneumonia necrotizante (PN) caracteriza-se pela lesão extensa do parênquima pulmonar, mediante a ação de enzimas proteolíticas e resposta inflamatória exacerbada diante um processo infeccioso. Apesar de rara, tem-se observado aumento no número de casos nos últimos anos, tendo alta morbidade. Paciente do sexo masculino, 4 anos, com diagnóstico prévio de pneumonia viral, admitido no hospital com tosse, febre alta e dor torácica. Na admissão apresentava-se prostrado, febril e taquipneico. À ausculta pulmonar, notou-se murmúrio vesicular diminuído em de hemitórax direito. Foi realizada radiografia de tórax que constatou broncopneumonia associada a derrame pleural à direita, sendo introduzida antibioticoterapia de amplo espectro e efetuada drenagem de hemitórax. Durante a internação, o paciente cursou com melhora parcial clínica e radiológica, mantendo febre alta. A PN foi constatada após tomografia computadorizada (TC), e optou-se por tratamento cirúrgico do quadro. Geralmente, a patologia possui evolução arrastada e hospitalização prolongada, podendo evoluir com complicadores como efusão pleural, fístula broncopleural e sepse. Todavia, quando devidamente reconhecida e tratada, tem boa sobrevida global. Dessa forma, percebe-se que a PN é uma complicação grave, sendo a literatura ainda carente de dados, fazendo-se necessário maiores estudos sobre o tema. Assim, esse relato tem como princípios auxiliar no reconhecimento e manejo precoce, além de fomentar novas pesquisas.
HISTÓRICO DA EDUCAÇÃO EM PRISÕES NO BRASIL E PANORAMA DA MODALIDADE DE ENSINO EM SANTA CATARINA:
Authors: Mazzuquello Teixeira Silvana , Orestes Canarim Guilherme , Da Silva Alex Sander , Karoline Cipriano dos Santos  
Published: December 2023

Este é um trabalho qualitativo-bibliográfico, que explana o panorama da educação intramuro. Foram pesquisados dados coerentes para a reflexão e discussão acerca da modalidade de ensino, que hoje, no Brasil, ainda é invisibilizada. O objetivo principal foi relatar em como se constitui as (im) possibilidades de estudo em território nacional, estadual (Santa Catarina) e local (Peniteniciária Feminina de Criciúma). Em linhas gerais, a educação em prisões já se apresenta como um direito brasileiro há 15 anos, mas a execução das aulas intramuro tem muito o que evoluir e ser investida. O presente estudo é parte de uma dissertação de Mestrado em Educação.
Palavras-chave: Educação em prisões; Panorama; Direito.
Postoperative analgesia and side effects of oral or injectable metamizole (dipyrone) in dogs and cats
Authors: Stadnicki Jakub , Raillard Mathieu 
Published: December 2023

PICO Question
In dogs and cats after surgery, does the peri-operative administration of injectable or oral metamizole (dipyrone) as opposed to no intervention result in lower postoperative pain scores or higher incidence of side effects?

Clinical bottom line
Category of research
Treatment.
Number and type of study designs reviewed
Three prospective, randomised, blinded, clinical studies were critically reviewed.
Strength of evidence
Weak.
Outcomes reported
Variables assessed included: different pain assessment methods, metamizole dose required to reduce peri- and postoperative pain scores, changes in cardiovascular variables (heart rate, systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure), changes in respiratory variables and variations in haematological and biochemical variables.
Conclusion
In healthy cats and dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy, the use of metamizole in the peri- and postoperative period was associated with some reduction in pain levels (i.e., lower pain score or reduced need for rescue analgesia). In dogs, metamizole alone provided insufficient analgesia. No study evaluating metamizole after orthopaedic surgery was found. No evidence suggested that using metamizole peri-operatively resulted in higher incidence of side effects.

How to apply this evidence in practice
The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.
Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
A especialização geográfica e setorial das exportações brasileiras segundo o comércio em valor adicionado
Authors: Castilho Marta dos Reis , Costa Leonardo Thuler , Costa Kaio Vital da 
Published: December 2023

Esse estudo aprofunda a análise da inserção do Brasil nas chamadas Cadeias Globais de Valor (CGV) ao examinar o perfil geográfico e setorial das exportações com base na metodologia de decomposição das exportações brutas. Essa metodologia decompõe as exportações brutas desagregadas geográfica e setorialmente em diversos componentes, que possibilitam uma melhor identificação dos fluxos de valor adicionado doméstico e estrangeiro das exportações dos países. Usando-se os dados da base WIOD para o período 2000-2014, examina-se a especialização geográfica e setorial das exportações brasileiras. Em seguida, analisa-se a intensidade e o perfil da especialização comercial brasileira para as exportações em valor adicionado para seus três principais parceiros comerciais (China, EUA e UE). A utilização desse instrumental analítico é de particular interesse para o Brasil, tendo em vista que seu padrão de comércio difere significativamente segundo os seus parceiros.
Association of the COVID-19 Pandemic With Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Receipt Among Pregnant Individuals: United States, 2016–2022
Authors: Busch Savannah , Andersen Jennifer A. , Willis Don E. , McElfish Pearl Anna , Reece Sharon , DuBois Dominique , Brown Clare C. 
Published: December 2023

Objectives. To evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) receipt among pregnant individuals overall and by race/ethnicity. Methods. We measured changes in WIC receipt among Medicaid-covered births (n = 10 484 697) from the US National Center for Health Statistics Natality Files (2016–2022). Our interrupted time series logistic model included a continuous monthly variable, a binary post-COVID variable, and a continuous slope shift variable. We additionally fit separate models for each race/ethnicity relative to White individuals, using interaction terms between the time series variables and race/ethnicity. Results. We found decreases in WIC receipt (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.899; P < .001) from before COVID (66.6%) to after COVID (57.9%). There were larger post-COVID decreases for American Indian/Alaska Native (AOR = 0.850; P < .001), Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander (AOR = 0.877; P = .003), Black (AOR = 0.974; P < .001), and Hispanic (AOR = 0.972, P < .001) individuals relative to White individuals. Conclusions. The greater reductions in WIC receipt among minoritized individuals highlights a pathway through which the pandemic may have widened gaps in already disparate maternal and infant health. Public Health Implications. Continued efforts to increase WIC utilization are needed overall and among minoritized populations. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(S3):S240–S247. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307525 )