bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Über Münzmetall‐Quecksilber‐Chalkogenidhalogenide. II Hydrothermalsynthese, Kristallstruktur und Phasenumwandlung von CuHgSCl und CuHgSBr
Authors: Beck Johannes , Rompel Matthias 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCuHgSCl und CuHgSBr werden aus CuCl beziehungsweise CuBr und HgS in konzentrierter wässriger Halogenwasserstoffsäure HX (X = Cl, Br) durch hydrothermale Umsetzung bei 670 K in Form von gelb‐orangen Kristallen erhalten. Die Substanzen kristallisieren isotyp (orthorhombisch, Pbam, a = 984, 01(8), b = 1775, 1(2), c = 409, 59(3) pm für CuHgSCl und a = 1003, 7(4), b = 1833, 6(5), c = 412, 4(2) pm für CuHgSBr, Z = 8). Die Strukturen bestehen aus ebenen, gefalteten HgS‐Ketten, die durch verzerrte [CuS2X2/2]2‐Tetraederdoppel miteinander verknüpft werden. Die großen Schwingungsamplituden der Kupferatome sind auf thermisch angeregte Schwingungen zurückzuführen, was durch Strukturanalysen bei verschiedenen Temperaturen nachgewiesen wird. Die Einkristall‐Strukturbestimmung zeigt, dass das frühere, durch Pulverbeugung erhaltene Strukturmodell nicht korrekt ist. Die Kristallstrukturen von CuHgSCl und CuHgSBr weisen große Ähnlichkeiten zur Struktur der bereits bekannten Verbindungen CuHgSeBr, AgHgSBr und AgHgSI (MHgYX) auf. CuHgSBr geht bei 323 K in einem Phasenübergang 2. Ordnung in eine zu MHgYX isotype, höhersymmetrische Form (orthorhombisch, Pmam, a = 1009, 2(3), b = 918, 40(4), c = 413, 81(2) pm) mit halbierter b‐Achse über.
Beiträge zur Kristallchemie und zum thermischen Verhalten von wasserfreien Phosphaten. XXXIII [1] In2P2O7, ein Indium(I)‐diphosphato‐indat(III) und In4(P2O7)3 — Darstellung, Kristallisation und Kristallstrukturen
Authors: Thauern H. , Glaum Robert 
Published: March 2003

AbstractÜber Festkörperreaktionen unter Beteiligung der Gasphase wurde im System In/P/O das gemischtvalente Indium(I, III)‐diphosphat In2P2O7 erstmalig synthetisiert und mittels Einkristallstrukturanalyse charakterisiert. Farblose Kristalle von In2P2O7 für die Strukturverfeinerung entstanden beim isothermen Tempern (800 °C; 7d) mit Iod als Mineralisator aus InPO4 und InP. In In2P2O7 [P21/c, a = 7, 550(1) Å, b = 10, 412(1) Å, c = 8, 461(2) Å, b = 105, 82(1)°, 2813 unabhängige Reflexe, 101 Parameter, R1 = 0, 031, wR2 = 0, 078] werden erstmals isolierte In+‐Ionen in einer Umgebung von Sauerstoffionen beobachtet. Die Abstände d(InI‐O) sind ungewöhnlich lang (dmin(InI‐O) = 2, 82 Å) und sprechen für überwiegenden s‐Charakter des freien Elektronenpaares am In+‐Ion.In4(P2O7)3 konnte mittels chemischer Transportexperimente im Temperaturgradienten (1000 → 900 °C, P/I‐Gemenge als Transportmittel) kristallisiert und phasenrein dargestellt werden. Im Unterschied zu Literaturangaben über die isostrukturellen Diphosphate M4(P2O7)3 (M = V, Cr, Fe) wurde für die Indiumverbindung monokline Symmetrie gefunden [P21/a, a = 13, 248(3) Å, b = 9, 758(1) Å, c = 13, 442(2) Å, b = 108, 94(1)°, 7221 unabhängige Reflexe, 281 Parameter, R1 = 0, 027, wR2 = 0, 067].
Synthese und Struktur der Komplexe [(Me2PhP)3Cl2Re≡N‐RuCl2(C6H6)] und [(Me2PhP)3Cl2Re≡N‐RhCl(COD)]
Authors: Schwarz Simon , Strähle Joachim 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDer heteronukleare Zweikernkomplex [(Me2PhP)3Cl2Re≡N‐RuCl2(C6H6)] (1) entsteht bei der Reaktion von [ReNCl2(PMe2Ph)3] mit [RuCl2(C6H6)]2 in Benzonitril in Form roter, solvathaltiger Kristalle. Er kristallisiert als 1·C6H5CN in der monoklinen Raumgruppe P21/c mit a = 1149, 77(8); b = 3085, 9(3); c = 1172, 1(1) pm, β = 104, 766(9)° und Z = 4. Im Zweikernkomplex ist das Komplexfragment [RuCl2(C6H6)] über eine asymmetrische Nitridobrücke mit dem Nitridokomplex [ReNCl2(PMe2Ph)3] verknüpft. Die Nitridobrücke ist durch einen Bindungswinkel Re‐N‐Ru von 170, 6(3)° und Abstände Re‐N = 170, 2(5) pm und Ru‐N = 199, 0(5) pm charakterisiert.Die Umsetzung von [ReNCl2(PMe2Ph)3] mit [RhCl(COD)]2 in Benzonitril ergibt orangerote, monokline Kristalle von [(Me2PhP)3Cl2Re≡N‐RhCl(COD)] (2) mit der Raumgruppe P21/c und a = 1522, 3(2); b = 1274, 85(4); c = 1921, 2(2) pm; β = 106, 759(7)° und Z = 4. Für das einwertige Rhodiumatom ergibt sich eine quadratisch‐planare Koordination, bei der die beiden π‐Bindungen des Cycloocta‐1, 5‐dienliganden in cis‐Position angeordnet sind. Die Abstände in der nahezu linearen Nitridobrücke (Re‐N‐Rh = 174, 8(4)°) betragen Re‐N = 172, 2(6) pm und Rh‐N = 195, 6(6) pm.
Fehlordnung bei Smectiten in Abhängigkeit vom Zwischenschichtkation
Authors: Breu Josef , Seidl Wolfgang , Stoll Alexander 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFluorosmectite, [M0.5]zwi[Mg2.5Li0.5]okt[Si4]tetO10F2 (M = Na, K, Rb, Cs), wurden über eine Schmelzsynthese in gasdicht verschweißten Mo‐Tiegeln dargestellt. Bei gleichbleibender, im Bereich der Smectite liegender, Schichtladung von x = 0.5 nimmt sowohl die Kristallitgröße als auch die Stapelordnung mit größer werdendem Zwischenschichtkation zu. Während beim mikrokristallinen Na‐Hectorit sowohl Rotations‐ (n120° und n60°) als auch Translationsfehlordnung (±0.145b) vorliegt, findet man für K‐Hectorit dagegen nur noch ±b/3 Translationsfehlordnung. Rb‐ und Cs‐Hectorit zeigen schließlich ein normales Bragg‐Beugungsmuster. Mit Cäsium als Zwischenschichtkation kann man vollkommen geordnete und sogar einkristalline Hectorite herstellen, die keinerlei diffuse Streuung mehr zeigen und eine Einkristallstrukturanalyse erlauben (monoklin, 1M—Polytyp, C2/m, a = 5.2401(10)Å, b = 9.0942(10) Å, c = 10.7971(10)Å, β = 99.21 (2)°, V = 507.90(12) Å3, Z = 2). Diese 3D geordneten Smectite besitzen immer noch eine ausreichende intrakristalline Reaktivität, die einen schnellen und vollständigen Austausch gegen Organokationen erlaubt.
The Alternative Oxidase: in vivo Regulation and Function
Authors: Millenaar F. F. , Lambers H. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: This review focuses on the biochemical regulation and function of the alternative oxidase in vivo. About 10 years ago, two activation mechanisms were discovered in isolated mitochondria, namely activation by reducing sulfur bonds in the protein and activation by an allosteric effect of pyruvate. It was proposed that plants would have a regulatory mechanism to modify alternative oxidase activity in vivo. However, more recent studies have shown that these two activation mechanisms may not play such an important role in regulation of alternative oxidase activity in vivo after all. Pyruvate and reduction of the sulfide bonds in the protein are definitely required for alternative oxidase activity, but they do not appear to be regulating the activity in vivo.Despite the energy wasting nature of the alternative oxidase, there was no obvious physiological function for the pathway for many years. It is now more clear that the alternative oxidase can prevent the production of excess reactive oxygen species radicals by stabilizing the redox state of the mitochondrial ubiquinone pool, while allowing continued activity of the citric acid cycle. This may be important under conditions when the NADH supply is relatively high (reductant overflow), or when the cytochrome pathway is restrained. The cytochrome pathway might be inhibited by naturally occurring cyanide, nitric oxide, sulfide, high concentrations of CO2, low temperatures, or by limited phosphate supply.
Complete Nucleotide Sequence of the Coturnix chinensis (Blue-Breasted Quail) Mitochondorial Genome and a Phylogenetic Analysis With Related Species
Authors: Nishibori M. , Tsudzuki M. , Hayashi T. , Yamamoto Y. , Yasue H. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Coturnix chinensis (blue-breasted quail) has been classically grouped in Galliformes Phasianidae Coturnix, based on morphologic features and biochemical evidence. Since the blue-breasted quail has the smallest body size among the species of Galliformes, in addition to a short generation time and an excellent reproductive performance, it is a possible model fowl for breeding and physiological studies of the Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail) and Gallus gallus domesticus (chicken), which are classified in the same family as blue-breasted quail. However, since its phylogenetic position in the family Phasianidae has not been determined conclusively, the sequence of the entire blue-breasted quail mitochondria (mt) genome was obtained to provide genetic information for phylogenetic analysis in the present study. The blue-breasted quail mtDNA was found to be a circular DNA of 16,687 base pairs (bp) with the same genomic structure as the mtDNAs of Japanese quail and chicken, though it is smaller than Japanese quail and chicken mtDNAs by 10 bp and 88 bp, respectively. The sequence identity of all mitochondrial genes, including those for 12S and 16S ribosomal RNAs, between blue-breasted quail and Japanese quail ranged from 84.5% to 93.5%; between blue-breasted quail and chicken, sequence identity ranged from 78.0% to 89.6%. In order to obtain information on the phylogenetic position of blue-breasted quail in Galliformes Phasianidae, the 2,184 bp sequence comprising NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 and cytochrome b genes available for eight species in Galliformes [Japanese quail, chicken, Gallus varius (green junglefowl), Bambusicola thoracica (Chinese bamboo partridge), Pavo cristatus (Indian peafowl), Perdix perdix (gray partridge), Phasianus colchicus (ring-neck pheasant), and Tympanchus phasianellus (sharp-tailed grouse)] together with that of Aythya americana (redhead) were examined using a maximum likelihood (ML) method. The ML analyses on the first/second codon positions, the third codon positions, and amino acid sequence consistently demonstrated that blue-breasted quail and Japanese quail are in the same phylogenetic cluster.
Stem cell factor protects erythroid precursor cells from chemotherapeutic agents via up-regulation of BCL-2 family proteins
Authors: Zeuner Ann , Pedini Francesca , Signore Michele , Testa Ugo , Pelosi Elvira , Peschle Cesare , De Maria Ruggero 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSuppression of red blood cell production is a common complication of chemotherapy, causing anemia in a significant number of cancer patients. We have evaluated the sensitivity of human hematopoietic progenitors and erythroid precursor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs and found that probasophilic erythroblasts represent the stage of erythroid differentiation more vulnerable to the cytotoxic effects of myelosuppressive agents. Stem cell factor (SCF) supports proliferation and survival of early hematopoietic cells by binding to the c-kit receptor. In unilineage erythropoietic culture of CD34 + progenitors, short-term pretreatment of immature erythroid precursors with SCF results in protection from apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic agents and restores normal proliferation and differentiation after removal of the cytotoxic stimulus. The levels of drug-induced caspase processing are significantly reduced in erythroblasts treated with SCF, indicating that activation of the c-kit receptor generates antiapoptotic signals acting before amplification of the caspase cascade. Accordingly, we found that SCF up-regulates Bcl-2 and Bcl-X L in erythroid precursors and that exogenous expression of these proteins protects erythroblasts from caspase activation and death induced by chemotherapeutic agents. These results suggest a possible mechanism for SCF-mediated protection of erythroid precursor cells from apoptosis and may contribute to devise new strategies for prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced anemia. (Blood. 2003; 102:87-93)
IL-4 synergistically enhances both IL-2– and IL-12–induced IFN-γ expression in murine NK cells
Authors: Bream Jay H. , Curiel Rafael E. , Yu Cheng-Rong , Egwuagu Charles E. , Grusby Michael J. , Aune Thomas M. , Young Howard A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractInterleukin-4 (IL-4) is thought to influence T and natural killer (NK) cells by down-regulating T helper 1 (Th1)–type cytokines like interferon-γ (IFN-γ). While investigating IL-4 regulation of IFN-γ expression, we found that IL-4 synergized with IL-2 or IL-12 to enhance IFN-γ production and mRNA expression in spleen-derived, IL-2–cultured NK cells, as well as negatively sorted fresh DX5+/CD3- NK cells albeit at lower levels. The positive effect of IL-4 on IL-2–induced IFN-γ production was dependent upon signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (Stat6) because this response was virtually abrogated in Stat6-/- mice. Notably, though, IL-12 plus IL-4 synergy on IFN-γ expression was intact in Stat6-/- mice. In exploring possible molecular mechanisms to account for the synergistic effects of IL-4 on murine NK cells, we found that IL-2 plus IL-4 stimulation resulted in a modest increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5, while IL-12 plus IL-4 treatment resulted in a more substantial increase in tyrosine-phosphorylated Stat4. Finally, to identify regions of the IFN-γ promoter that may be involved, NK cells from human IFN-γ promoter/luciferase transgenic mice were treated with cytokines. NK cells from proximal (-110 to +64) promoter region mice did not respond to cytokine stimulation; however, the intact -565 to +64 IFN-γ promoter responded synergistically to IL-2 plus IL-4 and to IL-12 plus IL-4 in NK cells. These data demonstrate a role for IL-4 in enhancing IFN-γ expression in murine NK cells that is partially dependent on Stat6 in IL-2 costimulation and completely independent of Stat6 in IL-12 costimulations. (Blood. 2003;102:207-214)
Expression of the candidate MCT-1 oncogene in B- and T-cell lymphoid malignancies
Authors: Shi Bo , Hsu Hsin-Ling , Evens Andy M. , Gordon Leo I. , Gartenhaus Ronald B. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Our laboratory has recently discovered a novel candidate oncogene, MCT-1, amplified in human T-cell lymphoma and mapped to chromosome Xq22-24. This region is amplified in a subset of primary B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), suggesting that increased copy number of a gene(s) located in this region confers a growth advantage to some primary human lymphomas. We examined a diverse panel of lymphoid malignancies for the expression of MCT-1. We demonstrated that there are significantly increased levels of MCT-1 protein in a panel of T-cell lymphoid cell lines and in non-Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines. Furthermore, we identified a subset of primary diffuse large B-cell lymphomas that exhibited elevated levels of MCT-1 protein. Interestingly, all transformed follicular lymphomas in our study demonstrated elevated protein levels of MCT-1. There was no detectable MCT-1 protein in leukemic cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or in any healthy lymphoid tissue examined. Lymphoid cell lines overexpressing MCT-1 exhibited increased growth rates and displayed increased protection against apoptosis induced by serum starvation when compared with matched controls. We found that MCT-1—overexpressing cells show constitutively higher levels of phosphorylated PKB/Akt protein, especially under serum starvation. Activation of survival pathways may be an additional function of the MCT-1 gene. Our data suggest that high levels of MCT-1 protein may be associated with a high-risk subset of lymphoid neoplasms and may further support the potential role of MCT-1 in promoting human lymphoid tumor development. (Blood. 2003;102: 297-302)
ADAMTS13 activity in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura–hemolytic uremic syndrome: relation to presenting features and clinical outcomes in a prospective cohort of 142 patients
Authors: Vesely Sara K. , George James N. , Lämmle Bernhard , Studt Jan-Dirk , Alberio Lorenzo , El-Harake Mayez A. , Raskob Gary E. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Initial management of patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura—hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP-HUS) is difficult because of lack of specific diagnostic criteria, high mortality without plasma exchange treatment, and risks of plasma exchange. Although severe ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 repeats) deficiency may be specific for TTP, the role of ADAMTS13 activity measurements for initial management decisions is unknown. ADAMTS13 was measured before beginning plasma exchange treatment in 142 (88%) of 161 consecutive patients with clinically diagnosed TTP-HUS with assignment to 1 of 4 categories: less than 5% (severe deficiency), 5% to 9%, 10% to 25%, and more than 25%. Eighteen (13%) of 142 patients had severe ADAMTS13 deficiency. Among 6 predefined clinical categories (stem cell transplantation, pregnant/postpartum, drug association, bloody diarrhea, additional/alternative disorder, idiopathic), severe deficiency occurred only among pregnant/postpartum (2 of 10) and idiopathic (16 of 48) patients. The presenting features and clinical outcomes of the 16 patients with idiopathic TTP-HUS who had severe ADAMTS13 deficiency were variable and not distinct from the 32 patients with idiopathic TTPHUS who did not have severe ADAMTS13 deficiency. Many patients in all ADAMTS13 activity categories apparently responded to plasma exchange treatment. Therefore, severe ADAMTS13 deficiency does not detect all patients who may be appropriately diagnosed with TTP-HUS and who may respond to plasma exchange treatment. (Blood. 2003;102:60-68)
Executive cognitive functioning and aggression: Is it an issue of impulsivity?
Authors: Hoaken Peter N.S. , Shaughnessy Valerie K. , Pihl R.O. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA large body of research has documented a relation between the executive cognitive functions (ECFs) and interpersonal aggressive behavior. A predominant theory proposes that individuals with poor ECFs are more aggressive because they are unable to inhibit impulsive behaviors. However, evidence for this relationship is typically indirect. In this study, 46 healthy men and women completed measures of ECF, the Taylor Aggression Paradigm, and the Go/No‐Go discrimination task, a behavioral measure of impulsivity. Also, impulsiveness of participant responses during the aggression task was directly assessed by measuring latency of responses to provocation (“set‐time”). It was hypothesized that low‐quartile–scoring ECF men and women would perform more aggressively and more impulsively than high‐quartile peers. Consistent with expectations, results indicated that ECF was related to aggression and to impulsivity on the Go/No‐Go task. However, low‐ECF men and women did not have shorter set‐times; in fact, on this task, low‐ECF participants' behavioral decisions seemed slightly slower than those of high‐ECF participants. In light of these results, the authors speculate that a social information‐processing problem may mediate the ECF aggression relationship rather than altered impulsivity per se. Aggr. Behav. 29:15–30, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Do beliefs about aggression predict physical aggression to partners?
Authors: Archer John , Graham‐Kevan Nicola 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThree hypotheses concerning the association between instrumental (I) and expressive (E) beliefs about aggression and physical aggression were assessed among a sample comprising students (n=40), women from a domestic violence shelter (n=29), and male prisoners (n=46), all of whom had committed at least one act of physical aggression to a partner. Participants completed an adapted version of the EXPAGG [Archer and Haigh (1997a): British Journal of Social Psychology 35:1–23] to measure I and E beliefs about aggression, the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) [Straus (1979): Journal of Marriage and the Family 41:75–88] for themselves and their partner, and measures of fear and injuries resulting from partner violence. I beliefs predicted self‐reported physical aggression to the partner, most CTS acts of physical aggression, and injuries to the partner, with only minor and limited associations for E beliefs. Correlations for the student and prisoner samples, and for men and women, showed different strengths. The findings supported a general link between I beliefs and aggression but offered no support for the predictions that the link would be restricted to men or to men who showed a persistent pattern of violence to their partners. Aggr. Behav. 29:41–54, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variability in behavior frequencies and consistency in transactions across seasons in captive Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)
Authors: Abegg C. , Petit O. , Thierry B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractConsistent interspecific differences are found in macaque species, ranging from highly hierarchical and nepotistic societies to more tolerant and open social organizations. It still remains to be demonstrated whether intraspecific variation is narrower than interspecific variation. Herein, we quantified social behavior in a captive group of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) to estimate the range of intraspecific variation for a full array of measurements in three different seasons. Despite an increased frequency of aggression found on the part of males during the mating season, the form of the behaviors performed remained relatively unchanged. Transactions during conflicts, approaches, or grooming did not undergo significant variations in relation to season. Frequencies and durations seemed more sensitive to demographic and environmental variations. The values measured in the study group are representative of the Japanese macaque. The results validate the use of transaction measurements in interspecific comparisons, providing that additional factors such as age and sex are taken into account. Aggr. Behav. 29:81–93, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intuitions and introspections about imagery: the role of imagery experience in shaping an investigator's theoretical views
Authors: Reisberg Daniel , Pearson David G. , Kosslyn Stephen M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEarly in a scientific debate, before much evidence has accumulated, why are some scientists inclined toward one position and other scientists toward the opposite position? We explore this issue with a focus on scientists' views of the ‘imagery debate’ that unfolded in Cognitive Science during the late 1970s and early 1980s. We examine the possibility that, during the early years of this debate, researchers' views were shaped by their own conscious experiences with imagery. Consistent with this suggestion, a survey of 150 psychologists, philosophers, and neuroscientists showed that those who experienced their own visual imagery as vivid and picture‐like recall being more sympathetic in 1980 to the view that, in general, images are picture‐like. Similarly, those who have vivid images and who regularly use their images in cognition were more inclined to believe that issues of image vividness deserve more research. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Children's recall and the cognitive interview: do the positive effects hold over time?
Authors: Larsson Anneli S. , Anders Granhag Pär , Spjut Emma 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMost studies investigating how the Cognitive Interview affects children's recall have employed short retention intervals (a week or less). In our study children (10–11 years old) saw a film picturing an extraordinary performance by a professional fakir. Half of the children were interviewed after seven days (n = 24) and the other half after six months (n = 25). At each test session, half were interviewed according to the Cognitive Interview (CI), and half according to the Structured Interview (SI). We found that: (a) the children in the CI condition recalled significantly more correct information than the children in the SI condition (both after seven days and after six months), and (b) the children interviewed after seven days recalled significantly more correct information, and less confabulations, compared to the children interviewed after six months. The results suggest that the CI can be used as an investigative tool both after short and long retention intervals. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.