bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microvasculature of the hamster eye: scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts
Authors: Ninomiya Hiroyoshi , Inomata Tomo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe architecture of the retina, choroid and anterior eye segment was investigated in 12 Syrian hamsters using scanning electron micrographs of methylmethacrylate corrosion casts. The hamster eye receives its primary blood supply from the long posterior ciliary artery, which directly enters the optic nerve head, and divides into three branches: the central retinal artery and medial and lateral long posterior ciliary arteries. In the retina the central retinal artery divides into six radiating branches. Retinal arterioles form a slender and long course to capillaries. Retinal capillaries are extremely thin in diameter and form a sparse capillary network. The choroid is supplied by the long posterior ciliary arteries. Choroidal arterioles exhibit a thick and short course to the choriocapillaris. The choriocapillaris is thick and sinusoid‐like, forming a dense network in the choroid. The ciliary body, iris and bulbar conjunctiva are supplied by the anterior ciliary arteries, which are branches of the long posterior ciliary arteries. Capillaries supplying the anterior margin of the ciliary process are large in diameter with an irregular bore, forming a thoroughfare channel draining blood in the ciliary arterioles into the pars plana vessels. Blood from the retina is drained by the central retinal veins. Venules from the anterior eye segment empty into the vortex veins via the pars plana vessels. Venous blood from the choroid is drained only by vortex veins via the choroidal veins. The functional significance of the vascular architecture and species differences are discussed.
Zygomatic gland adenoma in a dog: histochemical and immunohistochemical evaluation
Authors: Giudice Chiara , Marco Rondena , Mirko Radice , Luca Mertel , Giorgio Cammarata 
Published: January 2005

AbstractOrbital epithelial tumors in dogs are rare and most frequently malignant. Distinguishing their origin from the lacrimal or zygomatic gland is often challenging and is based mostly on tumor location. A case of adenoma involving the orbit in a 13‐year‐old, female, standard Schnauzer is reported. Histologically, the neoplasm was characterized by nests and cords of epithelial cells mostly forming small glandular structures. The origin of the tumor from the zygomatic gland was determined by histochemical characteristics (alcian blue pH 1 positive staining) of a small remnant of normal gland included within the tumor capsule. The benign nature of our finding was confirmed by follow‐up information: 2 years after complete surgical removal of the mass no tumor recurrence or metastases was recorded.
An immunohistochemical study of uveodermatologic syndrome in two Japanese Akita dogs
Authors: Carter Wallace J. , Crispin Sheila M. , Gould David J. , Day Michael J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMaterials Ocular and cutaneous tissues from two Japanese Akita dogs with uveodermatologic syndrome (UVD) were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis.Results Light microscopic examination of the globes confirmed the presence of panuveitis of different severity in each case. The infiltrate was primarily granulomatous with prominent perivascular lymphoid aggregates. Melanophages were present throughout the affected areas, and there were scattered plasma cells. Immunohistochemistry using CD79a, CD3, MAC387 and MHC class II markers indicated that there were relatively few T lymphocytes and that most lymphocytes were of the B‐cell lineage. The two skin biopsies examined also appeared to represent different stages of cutaneous pathology. The biopsy from one case was consistent with the reported features of skin lesions of canine UVD syndrome, including granulomatous dermatitis with extensive T‐cell infiltration extending into the epidermis. In contrast, the skin lesion from the second case showed less inflammation, more pigmentary incontinence and evidence of dermal fibrosis. There was no immunoglobulin or complement deposition at any level within the cutaneous or ocular lesions.Conclusions The findings of these two cases suggest that the skin lesions of these two dogs with UVD syndrome were mediated by T cells and macrophages (Th1 immunity), whereas the ocular lesions were more consistent with a B cell and macrophage response (Th2 immunity). This is, however, a preliminary investigation and these features may not be the same for all cases of UVD syndrome.
Cytologic findings, and feline herpesvirus DNA andChlamydophila felisantigen detection rates in normal cats and cats with conjunctival and corneal lesions
Authors: Volopich Sabine , Benetka Viviane , Schwendenwein Ilse , Möstl Karin , Sommerfeld‐Stur Irene , Nell Barbara 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSamples were collected from 36 cats with feline herpesvirus (FHV‐1)‐related ocular disease (conjunctivitis, epithelial or stromal keratitis, or corneal sequestration), and 17 cats without ocular changes. Corneoconjunctival swabs, scrapings and biopsies were tested in various combinations for presence of FHV‐1 DNA using single round (sr) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR (nPCR). Additional swabs from the inferior conjunctival fornix were tested by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay forChlamydophila felisantigen. Cytologic evaluation was carried out on conjunctival (cats with conjunctivitis) and corneal (cats with keratitis) cytobrush preparations. FHV‐1 DNA was detected by PCR in 14 (39%) cats with ocular disease and 1 (6%) of the control group. Agreement between srPCR and nPCR results was significant (P < 0.01). FHV‐1 DNA was detected in 3/7 cats with conjunctivitis, 5/6 cats with epithelial keratitis, 3/11 cats with stromal keratitis, and 3/12 cats with corneal sequestration. There was a significant association (P = 0.0027) between viral presence and epithelial keratitis. However, no significant association was found between viral presence and conjunctivitis (P = 0.059), stromal keratitis (P = 0.15), or corneal sequestration (P = 0.18). With respect to FHV‐1 DNA detection, intersample agreement was significant (P < 0.03). No sampling technique seemed more likely than another to harvest detectable viral DNA, except for cats with corneal sequestrum in which viral DNA was not detected using corneoconjunctival swabs. FHV‐1 DNA was detected in 6/9 samples with intranuclear inclusion bodies and in 6/7 cats with eosinophils on cytologic examination. All samples tested negative forC. felisantigen.
Survey of bacterial microorganisms in the conjunctival sac of clinically normal dogs and dogs with ulcerative keratitis in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
Authors: Prado Marilena R. , Rocha Marcos F. G. , Brito Érika H. S. , Girão Marília D. , Monteiro André J. , Teixeira Maria F. S. , Sidrim José J. C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractObjective The ocular microflora in dogs has not been established in north‐east Brazil. Thus, the main aim of this research was to determine the bacterial microorganisms in the conjunctival sac of clinically normal dogs and dogs with ulcerative keratitis in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.Animals studied This study included 60 healthy dogs, 15 dogs with unilateral corneal ulcer, and three dogs with bilateral corneal ulcers.Procedure Samples were taken by a calibrated platinum loop (1 µL) placed directly onto the conjunctival sac and on sterile blood agar. The clinical specimens were incubated at 37 °C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2for 48 h.Results Of the 120 samples from healthy dogs, only 47 (39%) had positive culture for bacteria, while all of the specimens from eyes with corneal ulcer were positive for bacterial growth. The group of dogs with corneal ulcer had a higher (P < 0.05) number of colony‐forming units (CFU) per plate than the group of healthy animals. Of the 59 isolates from healthy eyes, only nine (15.3%) had more than 50 CFU per plate, while in the group of dogs with corneal ulcer, 23 (62.2%) of the 37 isolates presented more than 50 CFU per plate. In both groups Gram‐positive bacteria (86.5%) predominated over Gram‐negative (13.5%).Staphylococcusspp. was the most frequently isolated genus andS. intermediuspredominated in both groups.Conclusion The results of our study are directly applicable to initiate rational, preventive and therapeutic measures with greater accuracy in dogs with corneal ulcer.
The effect of topical pimecrolimus on keratoconjunctivitis sicca and chronic superficial keratitis in dogs: results from an exploratory study
Authors: Nell Barbara , Walde Ingo , Billich Andreas , Vit Peter , Meingassner Josef G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractObjective Pimecrolimus is an ascomycin derivative that interferes selectively with the activation of T cells and mast cells and inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines. This study evaluated the efficacy of an experimental ophthalmic formulation of pimecrolimus in treating keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) and chronic superficial keratitis (CSK) in dogs.Animals and procedures Eight dogs with KCS and six with CSK were included. The dogs were of various breeds, suffered from chronic conditions, and had been pretreated unsuccessfully. The affected eyes were treated with 1 drop of an experimental, corn oil‐based pimecrolimus 1% formulation three times a day. Parameters evaluated included Schirmer tear test (STT), ocular discharge, conjunctival inflammation, corneal inflammatory cell infiltrate and scarring, and comfort level.Results The effect of pimecrolimus 1% was pronounced (increase in STT values to higher than 4 mm/min, no signs of inflammation) or moderate (increase in STT values of 3–4 mm/min, mild signs of corneal/conjunctival inflammation) in a total of 6/8 animals with KCS. In 4/6 animals with CSK, the effect was either pronounced (total regression of fibrovascular infiltration into the cornea, no corneal scarring) or moderate (distinct regression of pannus, mild corneal scarring). The response to treatment was unsatisfactory in four of 14 animals.Conclusion Results of this exploratory study suggest that topical 1% pimecrolimus may be a new effective treatment for keratoconjunctivitis sicca and chronic superficial keratitis in dogs.
Mining Association Rules in Spatio‐Temporal Data: An Analysis of Urban Socioeconomic and Land Cover Change
Authors: Mennis Jeremy , Liu Jun Wei 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis research demonstrates the application of association rule mining to spatio‐temporal data. Association rule mining seeks to discover associations among transactions encoded in a database. An association rule takes the form A→B where A (the antecedent) and B (the consequent) are sets of predicates. A spatio‐temporal association rule occurs when there is a spatio‐temporal relationship in the antecedent or consequent of the rule. As a case study, association rule mining is used to explore the spatial and temporal relationships among a set of variables that characterize socioeconomic and land cover change in the Denver, Colorado, USA region from 1970–1990. Geographic Information Systems (GIS)‐based data pre‐processing is used to integrate diverse data sets, extract spatio‐temporal relationships, classify numeric data into ordinal categories, and encode spatio‐temporal relationship data in tabular format for use by conventional (non‐spatio‐temporal) association rule mining software. Multiple level association rule mining is supported by the development of a hierarchical classification scheme (concept hierarchy) for each variable. Further research in spatio‐temporal association rule mining should address issues of data integration, data classification, the representation and calculation of spatial relationships, and strategies for finding ‘interesting’ rules.
The Visualisation of Uncertainty for Spatially Referenced Census Data Using Hierarchical Tessellations
Authors: Kardos Julian , Benwell George , Moore Antoni 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper explains why it is vital to account for uncertainty when utilising socioeco‐nomic data in a GIS, focusing on a novel and intuitive method to visually represent the uncertainty. In common with other data, it is not possible to know exactly how far from the truth socioeconomic data are. Therefore, when such data are used in a decision‐making environment an approximate measure given for correctness of data is an essential component. This is illustrated, using choropleth mapping techniques on census data as an example. Both attribute and spatial uncertainty are considered, with Monte Carlo statistical simulations being used to model attribute uncertainty. An appropriate visualisation technique to manage certain choropleth issues and uncer‐tainty in census type data is introduced, catering for attribute and spatial uncertainty simultaneously. This is done using the output from hierarchical spatial data structures, in particular the region quadtree and the HoR (Hexagon or Rhombus) quadtree. The variable cell size of these structures expresses uncertainty, with larger cell size indicating large uncertainty, and vice versa. This technique is illustrated using the New Zealand 2001 census data, and the TRUST (The Representation of Uncertainty using Scale‐unspecific Tessellations) software suite, designed to show spatial and attribute uncertainty whilst simultaneously displaying the original data.
Frontier Technology, Absorptive Capacity and Distance*
Authors: Kneller Richard 
Published: January 2005

AbstractRecent literature on international technology diffusion has demonstrated the positive effect in foreign country productivity on the domestic economy. Using a sample of Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) manufacturing industries we search for evidence that the effect of this foreign technology varies according to the level of absorptive capacity and physical distance. We find evidence that both help to explain differences in the level of productivity across countries, but that absorptive capacity is quantitatively more important. Physical distance had a greater effect at the start of the time period and in industries in which trade is local and technology is high‐tech.
Entrepreneurship and Post‐socialist Growth*
Authors: Berkowitz Daniel , DeJong David N. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe use a rich regional data set to obtain a statistical characterization of the relationship between entrepreneurial activity and economic growth within post‐Soviet Russia. Russia is a useful laboratory for evaluating links between entrepreneurial activity and growth because of the striking variation in initial conditions, the adoption of policy reforms, and entrepreneurial activity observed across its large number of regions in the early stages of transition. Russia has also experienced striking regional variation in subsequent growth. Conditional on variations in initial conditions and policy reform measures, regional entrepreneurial activity exhibits a statistically and quantitatively significant relationship with subsequent economic growth.
Analysis of Labour Participation Behaviour of Korean Women with Dynamic Probit and Conditional Logit*
Authors: Lee Myoung‐Jae , Tae Yoon‐Hee 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe analyse the dynamic labour participation behaviour of Korean women. State dependence under unobserved heterogeneity is considered, where the heterogeneity may be unrelated, pseudo‐related, or arbitrarily related to regressors. Three minor methodological contributions are made: interaction terms with lagged response are allowed in dynamic conditional logit; a three‐stage algorithm for dynamic probit is proposed; and treating the initial response as fixed is shown to be ill‐advised. The state dependence is about 0.6 ×  SD(error), higher for the married or junior college‐educated, and lower for women in their twenties and thirties. While education increases participation, college education has negative effects for women in their forties or above. Marriage has a high negative short‐term effect but a positive long‐term effect.
Analysing Misleading Discrete Responses: A Logit Model Based on Misclassified Data*
Authors: Caudill Steven B. , Mixon Franklin G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis study presents an alternative to direct questioning and randomized response approaches to obtain survey information about sensitive issues. The approach used here is based on a logit model that can be used when survey data on the dependent variable are misclassified. The method is applied to a direct survey of undergraduate cheating behaviour. Student responses may not always be truthful. In particular, a student claiming to be a non‐cheater may actually be a cheater. The results indicate that the incidence of cheating in our sample is approximately 70% rather than the self‐reported value of 51%.
Giant nevus lipomatosus superficialis with multiple folliculosebaceous cystic hamartomas and dermoid cysts
Authors: Brasanac D , Boricic I 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACTNevus lipomatosus superficialis (NLS) is a rare benign condition characterized by papules and nodules usually in the pelvic and sacral areas, with ectopic mature adipose tissue reaching the superficial dermis. We report the case of a 47‐year‐old female with large NLS in the sacral region that had been present since birth and, after an asymptomatic course for most of the time, became associated with episodes of mild pain that prompted the patient to look for medical help. After a complete resection of the cerebriform plaque, measuring 23 cm in diameter, histopathological examination revealed typical NLS architecture in as yet undescribed association with multiple folliculosebaceous cystic hamartomas (FCHs) and dermoid cysts.
Reiter syndrome accompanied by Terry nail
Authors: Coskun BK , Saral Y , Ozturk P , Coskun N 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACTWe present a case of Reiter syndrome (RS) associated with Terry nail in a 32‐year‐old male patient who also had subungual keratosis and onycholysis. The case had all the characteristic findings of complete RS including urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis and skin lesions, and based on these findings a clinical diagnosis was established. The patient complained of milky‐white coloured leakage that was more frequent in the mornings, and dysuria. Urinary analysis revealed leucocytes and erythrocytes. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) values were high. The case was considered as RS due to gonococcic urethritis. However, there was no growth in the culture. Self‐report of the patient revealed that he had had continued symptoms and 9 months after the development of RS he developed Terry nail. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case of RS associated with Terry nail.
Novel pharmacological approaches in the treatment of psoriasis
Authors: Schleyer V , Landthaler M , Szeimies R‐M 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACTProgress in the understanding of psoriasis as a T‐cell mediated inflammatory disease has led to the development of new immunomodulatory therapies. Currently the main focus is on the so‐called biologics (or biological agents), including fusion proteins, monoclonal antibodies, cytokines and selective receptors. They mainly target single steps in the complex cascade of humoral and cellular inflammatory immunomechanisms that finally lead to the accelerated growth of epidermal and vascular cells in the psoriatic lesions. The most promising and advanced biological agents are discussed along with their influence on the critical pathophysiological steps in psoriasis, including depletion of T cells, blockade of initial T‐cell activation and T‐cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, blockade of costimulatory signals and T‐cell proliferative signals as well as restoration of the T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2 balance by diminishing type 1 cytokines and administration of type 2 cytokines. In addition to the biological agents, further development of ‘classical’ dermatological therapies, such as retinoids, or the discovery of new indications for non‐dermatological agents contribute to the novel pharmacological approaches in the treatment of psoriasis.
An amalgam tattoo on the oral mucosa related to a dental prosthesis
Authors: Martín JM , Nagore E , Cremades A , Botella‐Estrada R , Sanmartín O , Sevila A , Requena C , Serra‐Guillén C , Guillén C 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACTA 60‐year‐old woman presented with a pigmented lesion on the upper left gingival mucosa of 2 years duration. The lesion was in an area where a dental metallic prosthesis had been inserted into a nearby tooth several years earlier. A biopsy of the affected mucosa showed aggregates of pigmented granules varying in size in the dermis, extracellular matrix and within macrophages; these did not stain with melanin stains. The diagnosis was consistent with an amalgam tattoo.
Ofuji papuloerythroderma evolving to cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Martínez‐Barranca ML , Muñoz‐Pérez MA , García‐Morales I , Fernández‐Crehuet JL , Segura J , Camacho F 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACTOfuji papuloerythroderma is an uncommon entity of unknown aetiology, characterized by a pruritic eruption of widespread, red–brown, flat papules that leads to spare skin folds. A number of cases have been described associated with tumour pathology, mainly cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas. We report a new case of Ofuji papuloerythroderma evolving to cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma in an 85‐year‐old woman who had been previously diagnosed with papuloerythroderma 7 years previously.
Atypical presentations of pityriasis rosea: case presentations
Authors: Chuh A , Zawar V , Lee A 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACTAtypical cases of pityriasis rosea (PR) are fairly common and less readily recognized than typical eruptions. We present four patients for whom we believe atypical PR is the most likely diagnosis. A 33‐year‐old man had purpuric lesions bilaterally on the legs with classical rash on the trunk. A 28‐year‐old woman had intensely pruritic and urticarial lesions. A 10‐year‐old girl had hundreds of small papular lesions 1–3 mm in size. A pregnant woman aged 26 had oral haemorrhagic ulcers with classical PR eruption on her trunk. The oral ulcers erupted and remitted at the same time as the generalized eruption. We reviewed the literature and proposed a classification based on rash morphology, rash size, rash distribution, number of lesions, site of lesions, severity of symptoms and course of the eruption. We believe that it is difficult to make a clear division to define typical and atypical PR, and that it is important not to ascribe any unusual or atypical skin eruption with PR unless other dermatoses have been excluded.
Allergic contact dermatitis in children
Authors: Fernández Vozmediano JM , Armario Hita JC 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACTIntroduction  Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is equally as likely in infancy as in adulthood, and represents 20% of all cases of dermatitis in children. Its true prevalence and incidence are, however, unknown.Materials and methods  We have conducted a retrospective study over 10 years of a group of patients aged 15 years or less, with clinical suspicion of ACD. Patch tests were performed in accordance with the standards of the GEIDC.Results  The study covered 96 patients with a mean age of 10.57 ± 0.67 years. The zones most frequently affected by eczemas were those of diffuse distribution (28% of patients) and of the hands (27%). We found at least one positive response in 52% of the cases. The most frequent allergens were thiomersal (21%), mercury (19%) and nickel (18%). We have found a statistically significant association between age of less than 15 years and positive response to thiomersal [P < 0.01; OR: 8.5 with confidence interval (CI) 95%: 5.08 < odds ratio (OR) < 14.20] and mercury (P < 0.01; OR: 4.38 with CI 95%: 3.02 < OR < 6.33).Conclusions  With increasing age, nickel takes the place of the mercurials as the principal allergen.