bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of temperature on rheological properties during early‐stage geopolymerization
Authors: Brandvold Allison S. , Kriven Waltraud M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMetakaolin geopolymers have gained much interest as a large‐scale, 3D printable material. It is well known that increasing temperature can expedite the geopolymerization reaction, but little is known about how the temperature variability of the printing environment can influence the rheology of fresh geopolymer pastes. In this study, the influence of temperature on the viscosity of potassium geopolymer pastes was investigated under constant shearing at rates of 25, 50, or 100 s−1, yield stress measurements, and oscillatory motion. The temperature range examined was 5°C–55°C, in systematic 5°C increments. It was found that temperatures above 30°C resulted in lower starting viscosities compared to colder temperatures, but eventually exhibited an exponential increase in viscosity as the geopolymerization chemical reaction became dominate. In addition, a higher shear rate delayed, but did not stop, the exponential increase in viscosity from occurring. Yield stress values also reflected an upward trend with increasing temperatures after a 30‐min temperature soak. Lastly, oscillatory measurements indicated that viable printing times for 50°C or above were as little as 50–60 min total and were compared to Vicat needle testing. Overall, the influence of temperature on rheological properties could be used to manipulate the geopolymer viscosity for optimum printing conditions.
Chinese family care partners of older adults in Canada have grit: A qualitative study
Authors: Leung D. Y. L. , Lee C. T. , Chu S. Y. J. , Ng F. , Wen P. , Fan J. , Cheung D. S. K. , Seto Nielsen L. , Guruge S. , Wong J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimTo explain the process taken by Chinese family care partners of older adults in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada, to access health and social services in their communities. The research question was: What mechanisms and structures impact the agency of Chinese family care partners of older adults, in the process of assisting them to access health and social services?DesignThis qualitative study was informed by critical realism.MethodsChinese family care partners of older adults in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada, were interviewed from August 2020 to June 2021. Transcripts underwent thematic analysis.FindingsTwenty‐eight Chinese family care partners expressed a firm commitment to maintain caregiving conditions and to judiciously access health and social services. Their commitment was made up of three parts: (a) legislative and cultural norms of family, work, and society; (b) their perseverance to fill gaps with limited social and financial resources; (c) the quality of their relationship to, and illness trajectory of the older adults. The social structures created tension in how Chinese family care partners made decisions, negotiated resources, and ultimately monitored and coordinated timely access with older adults.ConclusionParticipants' commitment and perseverance were conceptualized as “grit,” central to their agency to conform to legislative and cultural norms. Moreover, findings support grit's power to motivate and sustain family caregiving, in order for older adults to age in place as long as possible with finite resources.Implications for the professionThis study highlights the importance of cultural awareness education for nurses, enabling continuity of care at a systems level and for a more resilient healthcare system.ImpactFamily care partners' grit may be crucial for nurses to harness when together, they face limited access to culturally appropriate health and social services in a system grounded in values of equity and inclusion, as in Canada.Reporting methodWhen writing this manuscript, we adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines of the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ).Patient or public involvement and engagementNo patient or public involvement.
Incidence of overtriage and undertriage and associated factors: A cross‐sectional study using a secondary data analysis
Authors: Jung Sookyung , Yi Yeojin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundImproving triage accuracy for accurate patient identification and appropriate resource allocation is essential. Little is known about the trend of triage accuracy, and factors associated with mistriage vary from study to study.AimTo identify incidence and risk factors of mistriage, such as overtriage and undertriage.DesignThis is a cross‐sectional study.MethodsThe data came from the National Emergency Department Information System database in 2016–2020. All patients 15 years and older visiting emergency departments in Korea were assessed for eligibility, and 20,641,411 emergency patients' data were used. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to confirm the associated factors with overtriage and undertriage compared to expected triage. Demographic characteristics, disease‐related signs and triage‐related factors were independent variables.ResultsExpected triage decreased from 96.8% in 2016 to 95.7% in 2020. Overtriage (0.5%–0.7%) and undertriage (2.4%–3.3%) increased. The occupation that performed triage the most (over 85%) was nurses. Associated factors with overtriage were demographic characteristics (40–64 age group, female), disease‐related signs (known disease, direct visit) and triage‐related factors (regional emergency medical centre). Risk factors to undertriage were disease‐related signs (systolic/diastolic blood pressure and pulse rates within normal range).ConclusionsWhile the acuity degree remained within the recommended range, the accuracy of triage decreased, and there was a gradual increase in mistriaged cases. Nurses have performed most of the triage and played a key role in expected triage. Associated factors with overtriage were demographic characteristics, disease‐related signs and triage‐related factors and risk factors to undertriage were disease‐related signs.Patient or public contributionNo patient or public contribution.Implications for the professionNurses should be aware of what factors are associated with mistriage and why the factors cause mistriage to improve the triage accuracy because they are responsible for the majority of the triage assessments.
Cilia‐related diseases
Authors: Ren Zhanhong , Mao Xiaoxiao , Wang Siqi , Wang Xin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMore and more attention is paid to diseases such as internal transfer and brain malformation which are caused by the abnormal morphogenesis of cilia. These cilia‐related diseases are divided into two categories: ciliopathy resulting from defects of primary cilia and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) caused by functional dysregulation of motile cilia. Cilia are widely distributed, and their related diseases can cover many human organs and tissues. Recent studies prove that primary cilia play a key role in maintaining homeostasis in the cardiovascular system. However, molecular mechanisms of cilia‐related diseases remain elusive. Here, we reviewed recent research progresses on characteristics, molecular mechanisms and treatment methods of ciliopathy and PCD. Our review is beneficial to the further research on the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of cilia‐related diseases.
Invasive bark beetle Dryocoetes himalayensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) – A threat for walnut trees (Juglans spp.) in Europe?
Authors: Kašák Josef , Holuša Otakar , Foit Jiří 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs walnut trees (Juglans spp.) are of high economic importance, considerable attention has been given to invasive pests of these trees in Europe. In 2016, Dryocoetes himalayensis Strohmeyer, 1908, an alien bark beetle originating from the Himalayas region of India, already present in several European countries, was confirmed to have attacked walnut trees in the Czech Republic. Within the present study, we (i) surveyed the current distribution of D. himalayensis in the Czech Republic, (ii) examined D. himalayensis phenology by rearing it in trap logs, and (iii) investigated tree level habitat preferences of the species in two study stands with 180 black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) trees and 66 common walnut (Juglans regia L.) trees sampled. The present study documented the species to be relatively widespread in some warmer lowland regions of the Czech Republic (42 localities found) and to reach high abundance locally. Almost 15 thousand D. himalayensis individuals reared from the trap logs showed the species emerging throughout the whole vegetation period with a distinctive peak in June. Even though the species is able to develop in thin stems (diameter <5 cm), it is most numerous in thicker trunk bases and also preferably attacks trees of higher diameters. The species preferred common walnut trees (its native host) with decreased vitality. In contrast, black walnut trees (North American species) were attacked regardless of their vitality, but the vitality of occupied trees successively decreased. Based on our results, D. himalayensis should be assumed as a considerable pest of walnut trees (particularly black walnuts), which might become of significant importance in its European invasive range in the future, and thus substantial attention should be given to it.
Occurrence of salmonid alphavirus and piscine orthoreovirus‐1 infections in migrating salmon (Salmo salar L.) post‐smolt in western Norway
Authors: Madhun Abdullah Sami , Nilsen Rune , Barlaup Bjørn T. , Karlsen Ørjan , Karlsbakk Egil 
Published: October 2023

AbstractViral diseases are a serious problem in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) farming in Norway, often leading to reduced fish welfare and increased mortality. Disease outbreaks in salmon farms may lead to spread of viruses to the surrounding environment. There is a public concern that viral diseases may negatively affect the wild salmon populations. Pancreas disease (PD) caused by salmonid alphavirus (SAV) and heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) caused by piscine orthoreovirus‐1 (PRV‐1) are common viral diseases in salmon farms in western Norway. In the current study, we investigated the occurrence of SAV and PRV‐1 infections in 651 migrating salmon post‐smolt collected from three fjord systems (Sognefjorden, Osterfjorden and Hardangerfjorden) located in western Norway in 2013 and 2014 by real‐time RT‐PCR. Of the collected post‐smolts, 303 were of wild origin and 348 were hatchery‐released. SAV was not detected in any of the tested post‐smolt, but PRV‐1 was detected in 4.6% of them. The Ct values of PRV‐1 positive fish were usually high (mean 32.0; range: 20.1–36.8). PRV‐1 prevalence in post‐smolts from the three fjords was 6.1% in Sognefjorden followed by 4.8% in Osterfjorden and 2.3% in Hardangerfjorden. The prevalence PRV‐1 was significantly higher in wild (6.9%) compared to hatchery‐released post‐smolt (2.6%). The occurrence of PRV‐1 infection in the fish was lowest in the Hardangerfjorden which has the highest fish farming intensity. Our results suggest that SAV infection are uncommon in migrating smolt while PRV‐1 infection can be detected at low level. These findings suggest that migrating smolts were at low risk from SAV or PRV‐1 released from salmon farms located in their migration routes in 2013 and 2014.
Comparison of clinical utility of deep learning‐based systems for small‐bowel capsule endoscopy reading
Authors: Aoki Tomonori , Yamada Atsuo , Oka Shiro , Tsuboi Mayo , Kurokawa Ken , Togo Daichi , Tanino Fumiaki , Teshima Hajime , Saito Hiroaki , Suzuki Ryuta , Arai Junya , Abe Sohei , Kondo Ryo , Yamashita Aya , Tsuboi Akiyoshi , Nakada Ayako , Niikura Ryota , Tsuji Yosuke , Hayakawa Yoku , Matsuda Tomoki , Nakahori Masato , Tanaka Shinji , Kato Yusuke , Tada Tomohiro , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and AimConvolutional neural network (CNN) systems that automatically detect abnormalities from small‐bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) images are still experimental, and no studies have directly compared the clinical usefulness of different systems. We compared endoscopist readings using an existing and a novel CNN system in a real‐world SBCE setting.MethodsThirty‐six complete SBCE videos, including 43 abnormal lesions (18 mucosal breaks, 8 angioectasia, and 17 protruding lesions), were retrospectively prepared. Three reading processes were compared: (A) endoscopist readings without CNN screening, (B) endoscopist readings after an existing CNN screening, and (C) endoscopist readings after a novel CNN screening.ResultsThe mean number of small‐bowel images was 14 747 per patient. Among these images, existing and novel CNN systems automatically captured 24.3% and 9.4% of the images, respectively. In this process, both systems extracted all 43 abnormal lesions. Next, we focused on the clinical usefulness. The detection rates of abnormalities by trainee endoscopists were not significantly different across the three processes: A, 77%; B, 67%; and C, 79%. The mean reading time of the trainees was the shortest during process C (10.1 min per patient), followed by processes B (23.1 min per patient) and A (33.6 min per patient). The mean psychological stress score while reading videos (scale, 1–5) was the lowest in process C (1.8) but was not significantly different between processes B (2.8) and A (3.2).ConclusionsOur novel CNN system significantly reduced endoscopist reading time and psychological stress while maintaining the detectability of abnormalities. CNN performance directly affects clinical utility and should be carefully assessed.
Product repair in a circular economy: Exploring public repair behavior from a systems perspective
Authors: Parajuly Keshav , Green James , Richter Jessika , Johnson Michael , Rückschloss Jana , Peeters Jef , Kuehr Ruediger , Fitzpatrick Colin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRepair practices are driven not only by consumers’ internal motivation, but also by external infrastructural, social including cultural, financial, and political factors. We explore these factors with the goal of understanding the public repair of electrical and electronic products (e‐products) from a systems perspective to help devise appropriate change interventions. We document (a) behavioral aspects, (b) techno‐economic factors, and (c) intervention strategies aimed at promoting repair practices. To gauge this, a survey was administered among 922 volunteers across 14 countries with experience in repairing e‐products at public repair events. Findings suggest that while behavioral constructs including personal values, beliefs, and attitudes toward product repair are the main proximal drivers of intention to repair, the ability to repair plays an important role. Further, these individual factors are influenced by the techno‐economic settings such as access to repair services, economic benefits, and the ease of product repair stands out as the key enablers for product lifetime extension. As per intervention strategies, the results highlight economic incentives, regulatory requirements, and public awareness as the key drivers. However, influencing repair behavior directly may not always be the most effective strategy. New initiatives to improve involvement should focus on more repairable products, exploiting the innovative potentials of commercial as well as non‐profit repair initiatives, education, and supporting the development of skills among volunteer repairers.
Epigenetic clocks indicate that kidney transplantation and not dialysis mitigate the effects of renal ageing
Authors: Neytchev Ognian , Erlandsson Helen , Witasp Anna , Nordfors Louise , Qureshi Abdul Rashid , Iseri Ken , Morohoshi Hokuto , Selman Colin , Ebert Thomas , Kublickiene Karolina , Stenvinkel Peter , Shiels Paul G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is an age‐related disease that displays multiple features of accelerated ageing. It is currently unclear whether the two treatment options for end‐stage kidney disease (dialysis and kidney transplantation [KT]) ameliorate the accelerated uremic ageing process.MethodsData on clinical variables and blood DNA methylation (DNAm) from CKD stage G3–G5 patients were used to estimate biological age based on blood biomarkers (phenotypic age [PA], n = 333), skin autofluorescence (SAF age, n = 199) and DNAm (Horvath, Hannum and PhenoAge clocks, n = 47). In the DNAm cohort, we also measured the change in biological age 1 year after the KT or initiation of dialysis. Healthy subjects recruited from the general population were included as controls.ResultsAll three DNAm clocks indicated an increased biological age in CKD G5. However, PA and SAF age tended to produce implausibly large estimates of biological age in CKD G5. By contrast, DNAm age was 4.9 years (p = 0.005) higher in the transplantation group and 5.9 years (p = 0.001) higher in the dialysis group compared to controls. This age acceleration was significantly reduced 1 year after KT, but not after 1 year of dialysis.ConclusionsKidney failure patients displayed an increased biological age as estimated by DNAm clocks compared to population‐based controls. Our results suggest that KT, but not dialysis, partially reduces the age acceleration.
Lactational performance and nutrients digestibility response of dairy buffaloes fed diets supplemented with probiotic (Streptococcus spp.) and fibrolytic enzymes
Authors: Khattab Mostafa S. A. , Hassanein Hanan A. M. , El‐Sherbiny Mohamed , Sakr Abdelaziz M. , Hadhoud Fatma I. , Shreif Ebrahim Sh. Abo , Abd El Tawab Ahmed M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe current study was conducted to explore the productive performance and health status of lactating buffaloes fed diets supplemented with probiotic and/or fibrolytic enzymes. Forty multiparous lactating Egyptian buffaloes (body weight 451 ± 8.5 kg) were equally assigned to four experimental groups: (1) the first group fed control diet, (2) second experimental group fed control diet plus 4 g of probiotic/kg dry matter (DM) (probiotic), (3) third experimental group fed control diet plus 4 g of fibrolytic enzymes/kg DM (enzymes) and (4) fourth experimental group fed control diet plus 2 g of probiotic + 2 g fibrolytic enzymes/kg DM (Mix), The experiment was extended for 63 days. Nutrients digestibility was estimated, daily milk yield was recorded and milk samples were analyzed for total solids, fat protein, lactose and ash. Blood serum samples were analyzed for glucose, total protein, albumin, urea‐N, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and cholesterol concentrations. Results showed that adding probiotic and/or fibrolytic enzymes improved nutrients digestibility (p < 0.05). The probiotic, enzymes and mix groups did not affect (p > 0.05) concentrations of serum total protein, albumin (A), globulin (G), albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio and urea‐N concentrations. An improvement in daily milk yield (p < 0.0001) and energy‐corrected milk (p = 0.0146) were observed with the probiotic and mix groups compared with the control. In conclusion, this study suggests that supplementing lactating buffaloes' diets with probiotic alone or in combination with fibrolytic enzymes would improve their productive performance without adversely impacting their health.
Biological variation of urinary protein: Creatinine ratio and urine specific gravity in cats
Authors: Mortier Femke , Daminet Sylvie , Duchateau Luc , Biscop Ann , Paepe Dominique 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundLaboratory results are influenced by presence and severity of disease, as well as preanalytical factors, analytical variation, and biological variation. Biological variation data for urinary protein: creatinine ratio (UPC) and urine specific gravity (USG) in cats are lacking.ObjectivesDetermine the biological variation of UPC and USG in cats.AnimalsEighty healthy client‐owned cats.MethodsProspective study. Urine was collected on days 0, 14, and 56 from all 80 cats to investigate the persistence of borderline or overt proteinuria or suboptimal urine concentration. In 15 of these cats, urine was collected weekly from day 0 to 42 to calculate the index of individuality (II) and reference change value (RCV), and on days 56 and 57 to evaluate day‐to‐day variability of UPC and USG.ResultsBorderline or overt proteinuria (UPC ≥0.2) was present in 18/80 (23%) cats at baseline and persisted on 3 occasions in 2 months in 8/18 (44%) cats. Urine concentration was suboptimal at inclusion (USG <1.035) in 8/80 (10%) cats and at all 3 time points during 2 months in 3/8 (38%) cats. The II of UPC and USG indicated intermediate individuality. The 1‐sided RCV was 82% for UPC and 36% for USG. Proteinuria substage was identical on 2 consecutive days in 13/15 (87%) cats, and urine concentrating ability remained the same in all 15 cats.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceA >82% increase in UPC in a healthy cat is not solely attributable to physiological and analytical variation. For USG, a decrease of >36% is considered clinically relevant.
Zoonotic disease classification in wildlife: a theoretical framework for researchers
Authors: Keenan Sarah , Niedziela Dagmara , Morera‐Pujol Virginia , Franklin Danny , Murphy Kilian J. , Ciuti Simone , McMahon Barry J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Classification systems are useful tools for aggregating diseases to study them in more detail. The most widespread system for the classification of human diseases is the International Classification of Diseases (ICD); however, the ICD was designed for use in health care and fails to capture many details of zoonotic diseases as a result.

We propose a framework for zoonotic disease classification which combines four known classification types (pathogen type, life cycle, transmission direction and ecosystem) into one systematic method. We chose to focus on four specific aspects to provide as broad an overview as possible of zoonoses, in order to inform the risk of transmission to humans.

This framework can be applied to the zoonoses occurring in any non‐human animal species and supports the generation of systematically collected empirical data that are useful for monitoring the spatio‐temporal dynamics of zoonoses.

To demonstrate the utility of our framework, we focus on six deer species that are widespread in Eurasia: red deer Cervus elaphus, roe deer Capreolus capreolus, fallow deer Dama dama, sika deer Cervus nippon, Reeves's muntjac Muntiacus reevesi and Chinese water deer Hydropotes inermis. We examined the worldwide occurrence and prevalence of zoonoses in these species through a scoping review of the literature.

Altogether, 996 records of zoonotic diseases in the six wild deer species, from 431 peer‐reviewed papers, and 120 zoonotic pathogens were found. Within deer populations, the most prevalent zoonoses were bacterial, while the most prevalent life cycles were metazoonoses. We also found that the most prevalent pathogens in deer were those with hosts capable of occupying sylvatic, peridomestic and domestic ecosystems.

Baseline data generated using our framework method can provide important starting points for making projections of human disease risk, assisting wildlife managers and policy‐makers in making wildlife management decisions, and assisting experts in the development of disease‐monitoring and management plans.