bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐surgical rhinoplasty through minimal invasive nose thread procedures: Adverse effects and prevention methods
Authors: Park Soo Yeon , Kim Soo‐Bin , Suwanchinda Atchima , Yi Kyu‐Ho 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis review addresses the intricacies of non‐surgical rhinoplasty, particularly focusing on the utilization of absorbable sutures known as “Volumizing threads” in combination with fillers. The aim is to explore the enhanced precision of nasal contouring offered by these combined procedures compared to sole filler injections.MethodsThrough comprehensive clinical cases, this article scrutinizes the landscape of adverse effects and their prevention strategies associated with minimal invasive nose thread procedures. The discussion emphasizes various complications, including thread protrusion, migration, infections, skin dimpling, and granuloma formation, along with their respective management approaches.ResultsThis article delineates cases of complications arising from thread placement, ranging from visibility issues to skin infections and granuloma formation. It highlights instances of thread visibility, oral mucosa protrusion, skin infections, dimpling, and granuloma formation. Additionally, it outlines the corresponding management strategies, accentuating the criticality of early intervention to preclude severe complications in non‐surgical rhinoplasty involving nose threads.ConclusionNon‐surgical rhinoplasty, leveraging nose thread procedures, offers heightened precision compared to conventional filler injections. However, the review underscores the importance of recognizing potential risks and promptly addressing complications like thread extrusion, migration, and infections. Understanding these complexities in non‐surgical rhinoplasty aids in informed decision‐making and efficient patient care.
Global research trends in cutaneous neurofibromas: A bibliometric analysis from 2003 to 2022
Authors: Wang Jiani , Fu Jie , Zhou Yu , Gao Dongmei , Qing Jihong , Yang Guoke 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common inherited disorder characterized by cutaneous neurofibromas and other features. It is still a challenge in managing inoperable patients and the complex nature of the disease. Bibliometric analyses for cutaneous neurofibromas (cNF) could offer insights into impactful research and collaborations, guiding future efforts to improve patient care and outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive literature search of the Web of Science Core Collection database for the period 2003‐2022. Data processing and analysis were performed using bibliometric tools including VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and “Bibliometrix” package. Our analysis assessed the publication or collaboration of countries, institutions, authors, and journals, as well as the co‐citation and burst of references and keywords.ResultsThe analysis included 927 articles from 465 journals and 1402 institutions in 67 countries. Research on cNF has been increasing in recent years. The United States leads the field. Pierre Wolkenstein was the top author, while The University of Hamburg was the most productive institution. The American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A published the most articles in cNF. Co‐citation analysis revealed major research topics and trends over time, showing growing interest in evaluating quality of life and genotype‐phenotype correlation for cNF patients. Emerging topical MEK inhibitors show potential as a promising therapy.ConclusionIn conclusion, our bibliometric analysis of cNF research over the past two decades highlights the growing interest in this complex genetic disorder. Leading countries, authors, institutions, and journals have played significant roles in shaping the field. Notably, recent trends emphasize the importance of evaluating quality of life and genotype‐phenotype correlations in cNF patients. Furthermore, the emergence of promising topical therapy marks an exciting development in the quest to improve patient care and outcomes for those affected by cNF, paving the way for future research and collaboration.
Skin rejuvenation and photoaging protection using adipose‐derived stem cell extracellular vesicles loaded with exogenous cargos
Authors: Nguyen Diem D. N. , Vu Diem My , Vo Nhan , Tran Nam H. B. , Ho Duyen T. K. , Nguyen Thieu , Nguyen Tien Anh , Nguyen Hoai‐Nghia , Tu Lan N. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundSmall extracellular vesicles from adipose‐derived stem cells (ASC‐sEVs) have gained remarkable attention for their regenerative and protective properties against skin aging. However, the use of ASC‐sEVs to further encapsulate certain natural anti‐aging compounds for synergistic effects has not been actively explored. For large‐scale production in skincare industry, it is also crucial to standardize cost‐effective methods to produce highly pure ASC‐sEVs.MethodsHuman ASCs were expanded in serum‐free media with different compositions to first optimize the sEV production. ASC‐sEVs from different batches were then purified using tangential flow filtration and sucrose cushion ultracentrifugation, followed by extensive characterization for identity and content profiling including proteomics, lipidomics and miRNA sequencing. ASC‐sEVs were further loaded with nicotinamide riboside (NR) and resveratrol by sonication‐incubation method. The therapeutic effect of ASC‐sEVs and loaded ASC‐sEVs was tested on human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT exposed to UVB by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS). The loaded ASC‐sEVs were later applied on the hand skin of three volunteers once a day for 8 weeks and skin analysis was performed every 2 weeks.ResultsOur standardized workflow produced ASC‐sEVs with high yield, high purity and with stable characteristics and consistent biocargo among different batches. The most abundant subpopulations in ASC‐sEVs were CD63+ (∼30%) and CD81+‐CD63+ (∼35%). Purified ASC‐sEVs could be loaded with NR and resveratrol at the optimized loading efficiency of ∼20%. In UVB‐exposed HaCaT cells, loaded ASC‐sEVs could reduce ROS by 38.3%, higher than the sEVs (13.3%) or compounds (18.5%) individually. In human trial, application of loaded ASC‐sEVs after 8 weeks substantially improved skin texture, increased skin hydration and elasticity by 104% and reduced mean pore volume by 51%.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated a robust protocol to produce ASC‐sEVs and exogenously load them with natural compounds. The loaded ASC‐sEVs exhibited synergistic effects of both sEVs and anti‐aging compounds in photoaging protection and skin rejuvenation.
Stability in care and risk of loss to follow‐up among clients receiving community health worker‐led differentiated HIV care: Results from a prospective cohort study in northern Tanzania
Authors: Abdul Ramadhani , Rinke de Wit Tobias F. , Martelli Giulia , Costigan Kathleen , Katambi Patrobas , Pozniak Anton , Maokola Werner , Mfinanga Sayoki , Hermans Sabine 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundHIV services in Tanzania are facility‐based but facilities are often overcrowded. Differentiated care models (DCM) have been introduced into the National Guidelines. We piloted a Community Health Worker (CHW)‐led HIV treatment club model (CHW‐DCM) in an urban region, and assessed its effectiveness in comparison to the standard of care (SoC, facility‐based model), in terms of stability in care, loss to follow‐up (LTFU) and treatment adherence.MethodsIn two clinics in the Shinyanga region, clients established on ART (defined as stable clients by national guidelines as on first‐line ART >6 months, undetectable viral load, no opportunistic infections or pregnancy, and good adherence) were offered CHW‐DCM. This prospective cohort study included all stable clients who enrolled in CHW‐DCM between July 2018 and March 2020 (CHW‐DCM) and compared them to stable clients who remained in SoC during that period. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to analyse factors associated with continued stability in care and the risk of LTFU during 18 months of follow‐up; treatment adherence was assessed by pill count and compared using Chi‐square tests.ResultsOf 2472 stable clients, 24.5% received CHW‐DCM and 75.5% SoC. CHW‐DCM clients were slightly older (mean 42.8 vs. 37.9 years) and more likely to be female (36.2% vs. 32.2%). Treatment adherence was better among CHW‐DCM than SoC: 96.6% versus 91.9% and 98.5% versus 92.2%, respectively (both p = 0.001). SoC clients were more likely to not remain stable over time than CHW‐DCM (adjusted Hazard ratio [AHR] = 2.68; 95% CI: 1.86–3.90). There was no difference in LTFU (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 1.54; 95%CI: 0.82–2.93).ConclusionClients attending CHW‐DCM demonstrated better stability in care and treatment adherence than SoC, and the risk of LTFU was not increased. These findings demonstrate the potential of CHW in delivering community‐based HIV services in the local Tanzanian context. These results could be used to extend this CHW‐DCM model to similar settings.
A Numerical Comparison of Different Methods for Evaluating Pipe Flanges Under External Loads
Authors: Schneider Ronald A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a numerical comparison of seven different methods for evaluating external loads on flanged joints in a piping system. The comparison will demonstrate in tabular form the factor of safety of some widely used traditional methods. An explanation of the history and basis of each method will be made. Differences in the results will be discussed, and an attempt will be made to explain the discrepancies between the more rigorous methods.
Analytical Formulation to Predict Residual Stresses in Thick-Walled Cylinders Subjected to Hoop Winding, Shrink-Fit, and Conventional and Reverse Autofrettages
Authors: Elfar Mohamed , Sedaghati Ramin , Abdelsalam Ossama R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Shrink-fit, wire-winding, and autofrettage processes and their combinations can be effectively used to increase the strength and fatigue life of metallic thick-walled cylinders for a given volume. While several numerical solutions have been developed for determining the residual stress profile through the thickness of thick-walled cylinders for different combinations of the shrink-fit and autofrettage processes, there are no analytical solutions available to predict the residual stress profile induced by the combination of the shrink-fit and inner and outer autofrettage processes with the hoop winding. In this study, the analytical formulations to predict the residual stress distribution for various combinations of the three processes (hoop-winding, shrink-fit, and autofrettage) have been formulated considering the same manufacturing sequences. The results demonstrate that combinations that include the wire-winding process significantly improve the residual stress profile through the wall thickness of single- or two-layer thick-walled cylinders. Specifically, when the wire-winding process is included, the residual stress at the inner surface increases by 25% in single-layer configurations and by 12% in two-layer thick-walled cylinders, respectively, compared to configurations without the wire-winding process.
Discretization Error Estimation Using the Unsteady Error Transport Equations
Authors: Wang Hongyu , Xue Weicheng , Jordan William , Roy Christopher J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has gained significant utility in the analysis of diverse fluid flow scenarios, thanks to advances in computational power. Accurate error estimation techniques are crucial to ensure the reliability of CFD simulations, as errors can lead to misleading conclusions. This study focuses on the estimation of discretization errors in time-dependent simulations, building upon prior work addressing steady-state problems Wang et al. (2020, “Error Transport Equation Implementation in the Sensei CFD Code,” AIAA Paper No. 2020-1047). In this research, we employ unsteady error transport equations (ETE) to generate localized discretization error estimates within the framework of the finite volume CFD code SENSEI. For steady-state problems, the ETE only need to be solved once after the solution has converged, whereas the unsteady ETE need to be co-advanced with the primal solve. To enhance efficiency, we adopt a one-sided temporal stencil and develop a modified iterative correction process tailored to the unsteady ETE. The time-marching schemes utilized encompass second-order accurate singly diagonally implicit Runge–Kutta (SDIRK) and second-order backward differentiation formula (BDF2), both being implicit. To rigorously assess the accuracy of our error estimates, all test cases feature known analytical solutions, facilitating order-of-accuracy evaluations. Two test cases are considered: the 2D convected vortex for inviscid flow and a cross-term sinusoidal (CTS) manufactured solution for viscous flow. Results indicate higher-order convergence rates for the 2D convected vortex test case even when iterative correction is not applied, with similar observations in the CTS case, albeit not at the finest grid levels. Although the current implementation of iterative correction exhibits lower stability compared to the primal solve, it generally enhances the discretization error estimate. Notably, after iterative correction, the discretization error estimate for the unsteady ETE achieves higher-order accuracy across all grid levels in the 2D CTS manufactured solution.
Kinetic Model of Vacuum Plasma Expansion in a Cylindrical Gap
Authors: Kozhevnikov V. Yu. , Kozyrev A. V. , Kokovin A. O. , Semenyuk N. S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Results of a theoretical description of collisionless kinetics of radial expansion of two-component (electron–ion) plasma in the one-dimensional cylindrical formulation of the problem are presented. The electric-field mechanism of supersonic expansion of the plasma flame due to the motion of the electron–ion ensemble and self-consistent electric field in the diode with the potential difference applied to it is demonstrated. The spatiotemporal evolution of the ion energy distribution function, electric potential, and rate of expansion of the emission boundary of the plasma flame is shown. The calculated rates of flame expansion at the copper cathode (~1.5 × 106 cm/s) well agree with the experimental data.
Least Absolute Deviations Estimation for an Uncertain Moving Average Model
Authors: Wang Lin , Gao Xin 
Published: January 2024

The existing parameter estimation methods of the uncertain moving average model are the least square method and ridge estimation. However, for some data with outliers, the least square method cannot eliminate the influence of outliers very well. In order to solve this problem, this paper discusses how to use the parameter estimation method of least absolute deviation to solve the uncertain moving average model, and calculate the mean and variance of the residuals, so as to find the confidence interval of the predicted value. Finally, two examples are given to demonstrate that the uncertain moving average model estimated by the least absolute deviation can predict closer values to the actual values than other estimation methods.
Refining ChatGPT-Generated Code: Characterizing and Mitigating Code Quality Issues
Authors: Liu Yue , Le-Cong Thanh , Widyasari Ratnadira , Tantithamthavorn Chakkrit , Li Li , Le Xuan-Bach D. , Lo David 
Published: January 2024

Since its introduction in November 2022, ChatGPT has rapidly gained popularity due to its remarkable ability in language understanding and human-like responses. ChatGPT, based on GPT-3.5 architecture, has shown great promise for revolutionizing various research fields, including code generation. However, the reliability and quality of code generated by ChatGPT remain unexplored, raising concerns about potential risks associated with the widespread use of ChatGPT-driven code generation.
In this article, we systematically study the quality of 4,066 ChatGPT-generated programs of code implemented in two popular programming languages, i.e., Java and Python, for 2,033 programming tasks. The goal of this work is threefold. First, we analyze the correctness of ChatGPT on code generation tasks and uncover the factors that influence its effectiveness, including task difficulty, programming language, time that tasks are introduced, and program size. Second, we identify and characterize potential issues with the quality of ChatGPT-generated code. Last, we provide insights into how these issues can be mitigated. Experiments highlight that out of 4,066 programs generated by ChatGPT, 2,756 programs are deemed correct, 1,082 programs provide wrong outputs, and 177 programs contain compilation or runtime errors. Additionally, we further analyze other characteristics of the generated code through static analysis tools, such as code style and maintainability, and find that 1,930 ChatGPT-generated code snippets suffer from maintainability issues. Subsequently, we investigate ChatGPT’s self-repairing ability and its interaction with static analysis tools to fix the errors uncovered in the previous step. Experiments suggest that ChatGPT can partially address these challenges, improving code quality by more than 20%, but there are still limitations and opportunities for improvement. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the current limitations of ChatGPT and offers a roadmap for future research and development efforts to enhance the code generation capabilities of artificial intelligence models such as ChatGPT.
Test Optimization in DNN Testing: A Survey
Authors: Hu Qiang , Guo Yuejun , Xie Xiaofei , Cordy Maxime , Ma Lei , Papadakis Mike , Le Traon Yves 
Published: January 2024

This article presents a comprehensive survey on test optimization in deep neural network (DNN) testing. Here, test optimization refers to testing with low data labeling effort. We analyzed 90 papers, including 43 from the software engineering (SE) community, 32 from the machine learning (ML) community, and 15 from other communities. Our study: (i) unifies the problems as well as terminologies associated with low-labeling cost testing, (ii) compares the distinct focal points of SE and ML communities, and (iii) reveals the pitfalls in existing literature. Furthermore, we highlight the research opportunities in this domain.
Lucretius’ Allegoresis and Invective
Authors: Domaradzki Mikolaj 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The present paper suggests that Lucretius’ Magna Mater interpretation (2.598-660) can fruitfully be approached through the lens of invective oratory. While this difficult passage of De rerum natura has long puzzled scholars, this article argues that in his interpretation Lucretius masterfully transforms the encomiastic topos of allegoresis into a powerful means of blame: the poet allegorically interprets various aspects of the cult of Cybele with a view to showing how religious convictions and customs go awry. When thus exposing the cult as impious, Lucretius ingeniously exploits several topoi of rhetorical hymns (nurture, propitiation, etc.) for the purpose of making his vituperation all the more compelling. Hence, on the reading advocated here, the Magna Mater interpretation is a carefully constructed invective against those aspects of the cult (of Cybele) which an Epicurean is bound to frown upon (providential illusion, divine punishment, etc.).
Virtue Ethics as Animal Ethics in Philosophy of the Islamic World
Authors: Adamson Peter , Somma Bligh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Virtue ethics may seem to be a less useful paradigm for ethical thinking than utilitarianism and deontology, insofar as it seems rather vacuous to be told to act as a virtuous person would act. But the topic considered here shows that this need not be true. Since virtue ethicists (and virtuous persons, according to this ethical approach) value the features that make human lives (more) excellent, they also value the features that make other lives (more) excellent, by way of the virtues of mercy, generosity, and justice. And this is true whether or not the lives in question are human or animal. To put it another way, a good agent will be one who shows goodness towards beings who are capable of having good lives. While that phrasing again sounds close to tautologous, it becomes substantive when we spell out which beings have such a capacity, and in what ways things can go well or badly for them. Virtue ethicists from the Islamic world were especially well placed to do that, since they also inherited from Aristotle (d. 322 BCE) a teleological conception of nature. In light of this, it comes to seem almost inevitable that philosophers in this tradition would endorse compassionate treatment of animals. In cases where they fail to do so, the failure is bound up with a tendency to downgrade the value of practical virtue as a whole. Rigorously intellectualist ascetics are unlikely to show much interest in the welfare of animals, being disinterested even in their own animal souls.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of internalised stigma and stigma resistance in patients with psychosis: The impact of individualism-collectivism culture and other individual factors
Authors: Sum Min Yi , Wong Charmaine Tsz Wing , Chu Sin Ting , Li Angel , Lee Athena Hoi Ting , Chen Eric Yu Hai , Chan Sherry Kit Wa 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to meta-analysis the level of internalised stigma experienced by individuals with psychosis worldwide, and the impact of cultural differences, economic status of the studied regions and duration of illness on their levels of internalised stigma. Clinical and individual level factors associated with internalised stigma and stigma resistance were also systematically reviewed. Methods: A systematic search of keywords on two scholarly databases were conducted. The individualism index of the countries or regions where the studies were conducted was retrieved from Hofstede’s updated measurement of individualism. Economic status of regions was categorised based on their per capita gross national income. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were conducted using the ‘metafor’ package in R. Factors associated with internalised stigma and stigma resistance were also systematically consolidated. Results: Seventy-three articles were included in the meta-analysis and the pooled score of both internalised stigma and stigma resistance of individuals with psychosis were within the mild range (2.20 and 2.44, respectively). The meta-regression analysis found high collectivism culture is significantly related to a higher level of internalised stigma. Economic status was not significant. Thirty-five articles were included in the systematic review and clinical, psychological, psychosocial variables, cognition and sociodemographic factors were found to be associated with internalised stigma. Conclusion: Internalised stigma in psychosis is ubiquitous worldwide and high collectivism culture may be related with high internalised stigma. With the presence of multiple individual factors related to internalised stigma, intervention programmes to reduce internalised stigma should consider focussing on both macro- and micro-level factors.