bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyharmonic surfaces in 3-dimensional homogeneous spaces
Authors: Montaldo S.  , Oniciuc C.  , Ratto A.  
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the first part of this paper we shall classify proper triharmonic isoparametric surfaces in 3-dimensional homogeneous spaces (Bianchi-Cartan-Vranceanu spaces, shortly BCV-spaces). We shall also prove that triharmonic Hopf cylinders are necessarily CMC. In the last section we shall determine a complete classification of CMC r-harmonic Hopf cylinders in BCV-spaces, $$r \ge 3$$

r
≥
3

. This result ensures the existence, for suitable values of r, of an ample family of new examples of r-harmonic surfaces in BCV-spaces.
Deeplasia: deep learning for bone age assessment validated on skeletal dysplasias
Authors: Rassmann Sebastian , Keller Alexandra , Skaf Kyra , Hustinx Alexander , Gausche Ruth , Ibarra-Arrelano Miguel A. , Hsieh Tzung-Chien , Madajieu Yolande E. D. , Nöthen Markus M. , Pfäffle Roland , Attenberger Ulrike I. , Born Mark , Mohnike Klaus , Krawitz Peter M. , Javanmardi Behnam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Skeletal dysplasias collectively affect a large number of patients worldwide. Most of these disorders cause growth anomalies. Hence, evaluating skeletal maturity via the determination of bone age (BA) is a useful tool. Moreover, consecutive BA measurements are crucial for monitoring the growth of patients with such disorders, especially for timing hormonal treatment or orthopedic interventions. However, manual BA assessment is time-consuming and suffers from high intra- and inter-rater variability. This is further exacerbated by genetic disorders causing severe skeletal malformations. While numerous approaches to automate BA assessment have been proposed, few are validated for BA assessment on children with skeletal dysplasias.

Objective
We present Deeplasia, an open-source prior-free deep-learning approach designed for BA assessment specifically validated on patients with skeletal dysplasias.

Materials and methods
We trained multiple convolutional neural network models under various conditions and selected three to build a precise model ensemble. We utilized the public BA dataset from the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) consisting of training, validation, and test subsets containing 12,611, 1,425, and 200 hand and wrist radiographs, respectively. For testing the performance of our model ensemble on dysplastic hands, we retrospectively collected 568 radiographs from 189 patients with molecularly confirmed diagnoses of seven different genetic bone disorders including achondroplasia and hypochondroplasia. A subset of the dysplastic cohort (149 images) was used to estimate the test–retest precision of our model ensemble on longitudinal data.

Results
The mean absolute difference of Deeplasia for the RSNA test set (based on the average of six different reference ratings) and dysplastic set (based on the average of two different reference ratings) were 3.87 and 5.84 months, respectively. The test–retest precision of Deeplasia on longitudinal data (2.74 months) is estimated to be similar to a human expert.

Conclusion
We demonstrated that Deeplasia is competent in assessing the age and monitoring the development of both normal and dysplastic bones.

Graphical Abstract
Mitigating SUV uncertainties using total body PET imaging
Authors: Smith Charlotte L. C. , Zwezerijnen Gerben J. C. , den Hollander Marijke E. , Weijland Jolijn , Yaqub Maqsood , Boellaard Ronald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Standardised uptake values (SUV) are commonly used to quantify 18F-FDG lesion uptake. However, SUVs may suffer from several uncertainties and errors. Long-axial field-of-view (LAFOV) PET/CT systems might enable image-based quality control (QC) by deriving 18F-FDG activity and weight from total body (TB) 18F-FDG PET images. In this study, we aimed to develop these image-based QC to reduce errors and mitigate SUV uncertainties.

Methods
Twenty-five out of 81 patient scans from a LAFOV PET/CT system were used to determine regression fits for deriving of image-derived activity and weight. Thereafter, the regression fits were applied to 56 independent 18F-FDG PET scans from the same scanner to determine if injected activity and weight could be obtained accurately from TB and half-body (HB) scans. Additionally, we studied the impact of image-based values on the precision of liver SUVmean and lesion SUVpeak. Finally, 20 scans were acquired from a short-axial field-of-view (SAFOV) PET/CT system to determine if the regression fits also applied to HB scans from a SAFOV system.

Results
Both TB and HB 18F-FDG activity and weight significantly predicted reported injected activity (r = 0.999; r = 0.984) and weight (r = 0.999; r = 0.987), respectively. After applying the regression fits, 18F-FDG activity and weight were accurately derived within 4.8% and 3.2% from TB scans and within 4.9% and 3.1% from HB, respectively. Image-derived values also mitigated liver and lesion SUV variability compared with reported values. Moreover, 18F-FDG activity and weight obtained from a SAFOV scanner were derived within 6.7% and 4.5%, respectively.

Conclusion
18F-FDG activity and weight can be derived accurately from TB and HB scans, and image-derived values improved SUV precision and corrected for lesion SUV errors. Therefore, image-derived values should be included as QC to generate a more reliable and reproducible quantitative uptake measurement.
The Role of the Inframammary Fold (IMF) in Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery: A Critical Analysis and Surgical Solution
Authors: Hudson Donald A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The inframammary fold (IMF) is a critical structure in breast aesthetics and is affected by various types of breast surgery. The ideal IMF has a semi-elliptical shape, which may become attenuated with age and descends in macromastia. The aim of this study was to analyse the IMF and retain/restore its shape with sutures.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on breast surgeries performed over a four-year period (2019–2022). The morphometry of the IMF was evaluated preoperatively while the patients were standing. In cases where the IMF was symmetrical, sutures were used to reinforce it during surgery. When the loss of the semi-elliptical shape was clinically indicated, the IMF was mobilized, repositioned, and then sutured into place.

Results
The study included 56 patients: 43 undergoing immediate breast reconstruction, and 13 undergoing bilateral breast reductions. In over two thirds of the patients, the lateral IMF was inferiorly displaced compared to the medial IMF.

Conclusion
It is recommended to reinforce the IMF in all patients undergoing breast surgery. Where the IMF has an elliptical shape preoperatively, it is reinforced. Where IMF is inferiorly displaced, mobilization and superior advancement of the IMF, followed by suture reinforcement, are necessary. This approach results in a well-defined IMF with improved breast aesthetics.

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Relative bioavailability of fedratinib through various alternative oral administration methods in healthy adults
Authors: Chen Yizhe , Wyatt David , Attanasio Massimo , Thomas Mark , Thomas Michael , He Bing , Nishii Rina , Liu Liangang , Shan Vivian , Xue Yongjun , Carayannopoulos Leonidas N. , Ogasawara Ken , Krishna Gopal 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFedratinib is an oral Janus kinase 2-selective inhibitor for the treatment of adult patients with intermediate-2 or high-risk myelofibrosis; however, some patients have difficulty with oral dosing. This randomized, phase 1, open-label, 2-part crossover study evaluated the relative bioavailability, safety, tolerability, taste, and palatability of fedratinib resulting from various alternative oral administration methods in healthy adults. Participants could receive fedratinib 400 mg orally as intact capsules along with a nutritional supplement; as contents of capsules dispersed in a nutritional supplement, delivered via nasogastric tube; or as a divided dose of 200 mg orally twice daily as intact capsules with a nutritional supplement. Fifty-eight participants received treatment. Total exposure to fedratinib was similar after oral administration of intact capsules or when dispersed in a nutritional supplement (area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to the time of the last quantifiable concentration geometric mean ratio [AUC0–t GMR] [90% CI], 1.007 [0.929–1.092]). Total exposure to fedratinib was slightly reduced following nasogastric administration (AUC0–t GMR 0.850 [0.802–0.901]) and as a divided dose (AUC0–t GMR 0.836 [0.789–0.886]). No new safety signals were identified for fedratinib, and most participants found the taste and palatability acceptable when dispersed in a nutritional supplement. Overall, results suggest no clinically meaningful differences in total exposure to fedratinib between the tested oral administration methods. These findings may facilitate administration of fedratinib to patients who are intolerant of swallowing the capsule dosage form. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05051553).
Imaging of alert patients after non-self-inflicted strangulation: MRI is superior to CT
Authors: Ruder Thomas D , Gonzenbach Alexandra , Heimer Jakob , Arneberg Leonie , Klukowska-Rötzler Jolanta , Blunier Simone , Exadaktylos Aristomenis K , Zech Wolf-Dieter , Wagner Franca 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective
To assess the accuracy of CT and MRI reports of alert patients presenting after non-self-inflicted strangulation (NSIS) and evaluate the appropriateness of these imaging modalities in NSIS.

Material and methods
The study was a retrospective analysis of patient characteristics and strangulation details, with a comparison of original radiology reports (ORR) to expert read-outs (EXR) of CT and MRI studies of all NSIS cases seen from 2008 to 2020 at a single centre.

Results
The study included 116 patients (71% women, p < .001, χ2), with an average age of 33.8 years, mostly presenting after manual strangulation (97%). Most had experienced intimate partner violence (74% of women, p < .001, χ2) or assault by unknown offender (88% of men, p < 0.002 χ2). Overall, 132 imaging studies (67 CT, 51% and 65 MRI, 49%) were reviewed. Potentially dangerous injuries were present in 7%, minor injuries in 22%, and no injuries in 71% of patients. Sensitivity and specificity of ORR were 78% and 97% for MRI and 30% and 98% for CT. Discrepancies between ORR and EXR occurred in 18% of all patients, or 62% of injured patients, with a substantial number of unreported injuries on CT.

Conclusions
The results indicate that MRI is more appropriate than CT for alert patients presenting after non-self-inflicted strangulation and underline the need for radiologists with specialist knowledge to report these cases in order to add value to both patient care and potential future medico-legal investigations.

Clinical relevance statement
MRI should be preferred over CT for the investigation of strangulation related injuries in alert patients because MRI has a higher accuracy than CT and does not expose this usually young patient population to ionizing radiation.

Key Points
• Patients presenting after strangulation are often young women with a history of intimate partner violence while men typically present after assault by an unknown offender.
• Expert read-outs of CT and MRI revealed potentially dangerous injuries in one of 14 patients.
• MRI has a significantly higher sensitivity than CT and appears to be more appropriate for the diagnostic workup of alert patients after strangulation.
Performance of artificial intelligence in 7533 consecutive prevalent screening mammograms from the BreastScreen Australia program
Authors: Waugh John , Evans Jill , Miocevic Miranda , Lockie Darren , Aminzadeh Parisa , Lynch Anne , Bell Robin J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To assess the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm in the Australian mammography screening program which routinely uses two independent readers with arbitration of discordant results.

Methods
A total of 7533 prevalent round mammograms from 2017 were available for analysis. The AI program classified mammograms into deciles on the basis of breast cancer (BC) risk. BC diagnoses, including invasive BC (IBC) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), included those from the prevalent round, interval cancers, and cancers identified in the subsequent screening round two years later. Performance was assessed by sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the proportion of women recalled by the radiologists and identified as higher risk by AI.

Results
Radiologists identified 54 women with IBC and 13 with DCIS with a recall rate of 9.7%. In contrast, 51 of 54 of the IBCs and 12/13 cases of DCIS were within the higher AI score group (score 10), a recall equivalent of 10.6% (a difference of 0.9% (CI −0.03 to 1.89%, p = 0.06). When IBCs were identified in the 2017 round, interval cancers classified as false negatives or with minimal signs in 2017, and cancers from the 2019 round were combined, the radiologists identified 54/67 and 59/67 were in the highest risk AI category (sensitivity 80.6% and 88.06 % respectively, a difference that was not different statistically).

Conclusions
As the performance of AI was comparable to that of expert radiologists, future AI roles in screening could include replacing one reader and supporting arbitration, reducing workload and false positive results.

Clinical relevance statement
AI analysis of consecutive prevalent screening mammograms from the Australian BreastScreen program demonstrated the algorithm’s ability to match the cancer detection of experienced radiologists, additionally identifying five interval cancers (false negatives), and the majority of the false positive recalls.

Key Points
• The AI program was almost as sensitive as the radiologists in terms of identifying prevalent lesions (51/54 for invasive breast cancer, 63/67 when including ductal carcinoma in situ).
• If selected interval cancers and cancers identified in the subsequent screening round were included, the AI program identified more cancers than the radiologists (59/67 compared with 54/67, sensitivity 88.06 % and 80.6% respectively p = 0.24).
• The high negative predictive value of a score of 1–9 would indicate a role for AI as a triage tool to reduce the recall rate (specifically false positives).
High neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity in high-risk cancer patients under immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Authors: Haj-Yehia Elias , Mincu Raluca I. , Korste Sebastian , Lampe Lena , Margraf Simone M. , Michel Lars , Mahabadi Amir A. , Ferdinandy Péter , Rassaf Tienush , Totzeck Matthias 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity (CTR-CVT) from immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is still incompletely characterized, and patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease represent a particularly high-risk cohort. Valid parameters for risk stratification of these patients are missing. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been shown to predict mortality and adverse events in other cardiovascular cohorts. The present study aims to examine the predictive capacity of NLR for risk stratification of patients particularly vulnerable for CTR-CVT under ICI therapy.

Methods
We performed an analysis of 88 cancer patients (69 ± 11 years, 25% female) with pre-existing cardiovascular disease under ICI therapy from the prospective Essen Cardio-Oncology Registry (ECoR). NLR was assessed at patient enrollment and the population was divided through receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis in patients with low (< 4.57) and high (≥ 4.57) NLR. Endpoint was the whole spectrum of CTR-CVT, according to the European guidelines on cardio-oncology. The median follow-up was 357 days (interquartile range (IQR): 150–509 days).

Results
We observed 4 cases of myocarditis, 17 cases of vascular toxicity, 3 cases of arterial hypertension, 22 cases of arrhythmia or QTc prolongation and 17 cases of cardiovascular dysfunction. NLR was associated with overall CTR-CVT by univariable Cox regression (hazard ratio (HR): 1.443; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.082–1.925; p = 0.013). However, this association was attenuated after adjusting for further confounders.

Conclusion
NLR is moderately associated with CTR-CVT in cancer patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease under ICI therapy. Surveillance of NLR during ICI therapy might be an effective and economically biomarker for risk stratification in these high-risk patients.

Graphical abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with a brief intervention for smoking cessation: a randomized double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Palm Ulrich , Obergfell Mark , Rabenstein Andrea , Björklund Jonas , Koller Gabi , Padberg Frank , Rüther Tobias 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNon-invasive brain stimulation methods are currently being evaluated for treatment of addictive disorders. Some evidence indicates that modulating left and right prefrontal brain activity by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can reduce craving and relapse rates in tobacco addiction. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of active and sham tDCS as an add-on treatment to a standardized brief intervention for smoking cessation. This randomized, double-blind study included 36 participants (22 women and 14 men) with nicotine dependence according to ICD-10 criteria. At five visits on alternate days, participants underwent a 20-min active or sham tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and subsequently participated in a 10-min brief intervention for smoking cessation. Patients were followed up after 3 months. On each treatment day and at follow-up, abstinence was assessed as the smoking status nonsmoker and craving was assessed with the German version of the Questionnaire on Smoking Urges. At each visit, the number of cigarettes smoked per day was recorded and carbon monoxide in expired air and cotinine in saliva were measured. At follow-up, a study-specific questionnaire was used to assess tobacco use. All 36 participants completed the treatment sessions, but one participant in each group was lost to follow-up. Abstinence rates were not significantly different between the groups at any of the study visits, but craving was significantly lower in the active group at tDCS session 5 compared with session 1. tDCS combined with a brief intervention may support smoking cessation, but studies need to evaluate whether longer and more intensive treatment can achieve significant, sustainable effects.
On Maximizing Sums of Non-monotone Submodular and Linear Functions
Authors: Qi Benjamin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe study the problem of () as defined by Bodek and Feldman (Maximizing sums of non-monotone submodular and linear functions: understanding the unconstrained case, arXiv:2204.03412, 2022): given query access to a non-negative submodular function $$f:2^{{\mathcal {N}}}\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}_{\ge 0}$$

f
:

2
N

→

R

≥
0

and a linear function $$\ell :2^{{\mathcal {N}}}\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$

ℓ
:

2
N

→
R

over the same ground set $${\mathcal {N}}$$
N
, output a set $$T\subseteq {\mathcal {N}}$$

T
⊆
N

approximately maximizing the sum $$f(T)+\ell (T)$$

f
(
T
)
+
ℓ
(
T
)

. An algorithm is said to provide an $$(\alpha ,\beta )$$

(
α
,
β
)

-approximation for if it outputs a set T such that $${\mathbb {E}}[f(T)+\ell (T)]\ge \max _{S\subseteq {\mathcal {N}}}[\alpha \cdot f(S)+\beta \cdot \ell (S)]$$

E

[
f

(
T
)

+
ℓ

(
T
)

]

≥

max

S
⊆
N

[
α
·
f

(
S
)

+
β
·
ℓ

(
S
)

]

. We also consider the setting where S and T are constrained to be independent in a given matroid, which we refer to as Constrained (). The special case of with monotone f has been extensively studied (Sviridenko et al. in Math Oper Res 42(4):1197–1218, 2017; Feldman in Algorithmica 83(3):853–878, 2021; Harshaw et al., in: International conference on machine learning, PMLR, 2634–2643, 2019), whereas we are aware of only one prior work that studies with non-monotone f (Lu et al. in Optimization 1–27, 2023), and that work constrains $$\ell $$
ℓ
to be non-positive. In this work, we provide improved $$(\alpha ,\beta )$$

(
α
,
β
)

-approximation algorithms for both and with non-monotone f. Specifically, we are the first to provide nontrivial $$(\alpha ,\beta )$$

(
α
,
β
)

-approximations for where the sign of $$\ell $$
ℓ
is unconstrained, and the $$\alpha $$
α
we obtain for improves over (Bodek and Feldman in Maximizing sums of non-monotone submodular and linear functions: understanding the unconstrained case, arXiv:2204.03412, 2022) for all $$\beta \in (0,1)$$

β
∈
(
0
,
1
)

. We also prove new inapproximability results for and , as well as 0.478-inapproximability for maximizing a submodular function where S and T are subject to a cardinality constraint, improving a 0.491-inapproximability result due to Oveis Gharan and Vondrak (in: Proceedings of the twenty-second annual ACM-SIAM symposium on discrete algorithms, SIAM, pp 1098–1116, 2011).
A versatile implicit computational framework for continuum-kinematics-inspired peridynamics
Authors: Firooz S. , Javili A. , Steinmann P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractContinuum-kinematics-inspired peridynamics (CPD) has been recently proposed as a novel reformulation of peridynamics that is characterized by one-, two- and three-neighbor interactions. CPD is geometrically exact and thermodynamically consistent and does not suffer from zero-energy modes, displacement oscillations or material interpenetration. In this manuscript, for the first time, we develop a computational framework furnished with automatic differentiation for the implementation of CPD. Thereby, otherwise tedious analytical differentiation is automatized by employing hyper-dual numbers (HDN). This differentiation method does not suffer from round-off errors, subtractive cancellation errors or truncation errors and is thereby highly stable with superb accuracy being insensitive to perturbation values. The computational framework provided here is compact and model-independent, thus once the framework is implemented, any other material model can be incorporated via modifying the potential energy solely. Finally, to illustrate the versatility of our proposed framework, various potential energies are considered and the corresponding material response is examined for different scenarios.