bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cross-regional analysis of red-backed shrike responses to agri-environmental schemes in Europe
Authors: Roilo Stephanie , Spake Rebecca , Bullock James M , Cord Anna F 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Agri-environmental schemes (AES) are the main policy tool to counteract farmland biodiversity declines in Europe, but their biodiversity benefit varies across sites and is likely moderated by landscape context. Systematic monitoring of AES outcomes is lacking, and AES assessments are often based on field experiments encompassing one or few study sites. Spatial analysis methods encompassing broader areas are therefore crucial to better understand the context dependency of species’ responses to AES. Here, we quantified red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio) occurrences in relation to AES adoption in three agricultural regions: Catalonia in Spain, the Mulde River Basin in Germany, and South Moravia in the Czech Republic. We used pre-collected biodiversity datasets, comprising structured and unstructured monitoring data, to compare empirical evidence across regions. Specifically, in each region we tested whether occurrence probability was positively related with the proportion of grassland-based AES, and whether this effect was stronger in simple compared to complex landscapes. We built species distribution models using existing field observations of the red-backed shrike, which we related to topographic, climatic, and field-level land-use information complemented with remote sensing-derived land-cover data to map habitats outside agricultural fields. We found a positive relationship between AES area and occurrence probability of the red-backed shrike in all regions. In Catalonia, the relationship was stronger in structurally simpler landscapes, but we found little empirical support for similar landscape-moderated effects in South Moravia and the Mulde River Basin. Our results highlight the complexity of species’ responses to management across different regional and landscape contexts, which needs to be considered in the design and spatial implementation of future conservation measures.
Electronic conductivity in metal-graphene composites: the role of disordered carbon structures, defects, and impurities
Authors: Nepal K , Ugwumadu C , Gautam A , Kappagantula Keerti , Drabold D A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the transport properties of aluminum-carbon composite material via ab initio methods. Interfacial and electronic dynamics of the aluminum-graphene interface structure were investigated using models of amorphous graphene added to an aluminum matrix. We examine the impact on electronic conduction caused by the presence of nitrogen impurities within the interfacial amorphous graphene layer. We elucidate the conduction mechanisms by using a projection of the electronic conductivity into space.
‘BrOthers in Arms’: France, the Anglosphere and AUKUS
Authors: Holland Jack , Staunton Eglantine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Important French foreign policy dyads, such as relations between France and the United Kingdom and France and the United States, have consistently been subject to empirical, historical and policy analysis. However, France's relationship with the broader Anglosphere is rarely considered or conceptualized. This article theorizes France's relationship with the Anglosphere at a pivotal historical juncture. The 2021 announcement of AUKUS, a security partnership between Australia, the UK and the US, spectacularly excluded France despite a shared proclivity to use military force in defence of liberal international order. To analyse this vital contemporary case, we undertake a comparative, computer-aided discourse analysis of 540 political and media texts, triangulated with thematic analysis of 37 elite interviews. First, contributing to constructivist and ontological security theory, we develop a novel theorization of alliance politics, generally, through the concept of ‘brOthers in arms’, whereby a double identity inscription binds allies antagonistically together. Second, contributing to critical studies of foreign policy and research on national identity, we locate France–Anglosphere relations, specifically, towards the thick end of an alliance identity spectrum, held together in mutual alterity by complementary, competing and co-constitutive exceptionalisms. Third, contributing to studies of foreign policy and alliance politics, our analysis situates AUKUS within the fractious longue durée of France–Anglosphere relations.
Acute purulent enteritis after appendectomy: report of a case
Authors: Yu Feng , Bu Xuefeng , Meng Nana , Xia Leizhou 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Acute purulent enteritis is uncommon, which occasionally occurs in association with mechanical injuries from foreign bodies of helminth parasites and the contaminated food, leading to bacterial invasion. Herein we report a case of acute purulent enteritis after appendectomy. A 44-year-old male was diagnosed with right lower abdominal pain and vomiting. Acute appendicitis was diagnosed, and an open appendectomy was performed. Postoperatively, the patient developed symptoms of small intestine obstruction. A laparotomy revealed necrosis of the small intestine, and resection was performed. Pathological examination confirmed acute purulent enteritis. Acute purulent enteritis, which is a serious disease resulting in great disaster to patients, following appendectomy is uncommon. Prompt recognition and abdominal computerized tomography scanning are crucial for accurate diagnosis. Early intervention is necessary to prevent complications.
Thoracoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery for gastric tube cancer after esophagectomy: a case report
Authors: Tsuji Toshikatsu , Okamoto Koichi , Saito Hiroto , Shimada Mari , Moriyama Hideki , Kinoshita Jun , Takatori Hajime , Inaki Noriyuki 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The incidence of gastric tube cancer (GTC) is increasing due to the improved prognosis of patients after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Total resection of the gastric tube is expected to be curative for patients with GTC. However, several studies have reported that this procedure is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. We here present a case of GTC without lymph node metastasis in a patient who underwent partial resection of a gastric tube via thoracoscopic-endoscopic cooperative surgery. No postoperative complications or recurrence was observed. This procedure is a favorable and minimally invasive procedure for GTC without lymph node metastasis.
Overestimation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Household Transmission in Settings of High Community Transmission: Insights From an Informal Settlement Community in Salvador, Brazil
Authors: Aguilar Ticona Juan P , Nery Nivison , Hitchings Matt , Belitardo Emilia M M Andrade , Fofana Mariam O , Dorión Murilo , Victoriano Renato , Cruz Jaqueline S , Oliveira Santana Juliet , de Moraes Laise Eduarda Paixão , Cardoso Cristiane W , Ribeiro Guilherme S , Reis Mitermayer G , Khouri Ricardo , Costa Federico , Ko Albert I , Cummings Derek A T 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant has spread globally. However, the contribution of community versus household transmission to the overall risk of infection remains unclear.

Methods
Between November 2021 and March 2022, we conducted an active case-finding study in an urban informal settlement with biweekly visits across 1174 households with 3364 residents. Individuals displaying coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–related symptoms were identified, interviewed along with household contacts, and defined as index and secondary cases based on reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and symptom onset.

Results
In 61 households, we detected a total of 94 RT-PCR–positive cases. Of 69 sequenced samples, 67 cases (97.1%) were attributed to the Omicron BA.1* variant. Among 35 of their households, the secondary attack rate was 50.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 37.0%–63.0%). Women (relative risk [RR], 1.6 [95% CI, .9–2.7]), older individuals (median difference, 15 [95% CI, 2–21] years), and those reporting symptoms (RR, 1.73 [95% CI, 1.0–3.0]) had a significantly increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 secondary infection. Genomic analysis revealed substantial acquisition of viruses from the community even among households with other SARS-CoV-2 infections. After excluding community acquisition, we estimated a household secondary attack rate of 24.2% (95% CI, 11.9%–40.9%).

Conclusions
These findings underscore the ongoing risk of community acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 among households with current infections. The observed high attack rate necessitates swift booster vaccination, rapid testing availability, and therapeutic options to mitigate the severe outcomes of COVID-19.
The F-box protein RhSAF destabilizes the gibberellic acid receptor RhGID1 to mediate ethylene-induced petal senescence in rose
Authors: Lu Jingyun , Zhang Guifang , Ma Chao , Li Yao , Jiang Chuyan , Wang Yaru , Zhang Bingjie , Wang Rui , Qiu Yuexuan , Ma Yanxing , Jia Yangchao , Jiang Cai-Zhong , Sun Xiaoming , Ma Nan , Jiang Yunhe , Gao Junping 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Roses are among the most popular ornamental plants cultivated worldwide for their great economic, symbolic, and cultural importance. Nevertheless, rapid petal senescence markedly reduces rose (Rosa hybrida) flower quality and value. Petal senescence is a developmental process tightly regulated by various phytohormones. Ethylene accelerates petal senescence, while gibberellic acid (GA) delays this process. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between these phytohormones in the regulation of petal senescence remain largely unclear. Here, we identified SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED F-BOX (RhSAF), an ethylene-induced F-box protein gene encoding a recognition subunit of the SCF-type E3 ligase. We demonstrated that RhSAF promotes degradation of the GA receptor GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (RhGID1) to accelerate petal senescence. Silencing RhSAF expression delays petal senescence, while suppressing RhGID1 expression accelerates petal senescence. RhSAF physically interacts with RhGID1s and targets them for ubiquitin/26S proteasome-mediated degradation. Accordingly, ethylene-induced RhGID1C degradation and RhDELLA3 accumulation are compromised in RhSAF-RNAi lines. Our results demonstrate that ethylene antagonizes GA activity through RhGID1 degradation mediated by the E3 ligase RhSAF. These findings enhance our understanding of the phytohormone crosstalk regulating petal senescence and provide insights for improving flower longevity.
Association between testosterone levels and RigiScan parameters of patients with erectile dysfunction
Authors: Yuli Fu , Qi Zhang , Haojie Yu , Zedong Liao , Wenjie Huang , Runnana Xu , Tianhao Shi , Yanfei Feng , Bodong Lv 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
It is difficult to diagnose hypogonadism because of the lack of objective assessments of erectile dysfunction (ED), which is caused by hypogonadism.

Aim
To provide a new approach for diagnosing hypogonadism, this study evaluated the efficacy of nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity (NPTR) testing with RigiScan for patients with ED with and without hypogonadism.

Methods
From June 2021 to February 2023, 133 patients with ED (62 with hypogonadism and 71 without) underwent NPTR testing at the Department of Andrology. A detailed history of all participants was obtained. All participants also underwent a physical examination, sex hormone testing, and ultrasound examination of the cavernous vessels of the penis.

Outcomes
Patient characteristics, sex hormone serum levels, and RigiScan Plus data of NPTR testing of patients with ED were obtained and evaluated.

Results
Between the groups, there were no significant differences in age, body mass index, or erectile function score or in the prevalence of smoking, drinking, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. RigiScan data revealed differences in erection episodes per night, average event rigidity, erection durations, and percentage of tumescence greater than baseline, which were significantly lower in the testosterone-deficient group than in the normal testosterone group. The average event rigidity of the tip displayed the largest area under the curve value, with a sensitivity of 67.6%, a specificity of 85.5%, and a cutoff value of 52.50.

Clinical Implications
Our findings may allow appropriate patients to receive testosterone replacement therapy, which has been shown to be an effective treatment for hypogonadism.

Strengths and Limitations
This is the first study of its kind to perform a comprehensive review of the association between hypogonadism and RigiScan parameters. This study was limited by its small sample size.

Conclusion
RigiScan parameters of patients with ED and testosterone deficiency were significantly lower than those of patients with normal testosterone; therefore, RigiScan is useful for the differential diagnosis of patients with ED caused by hypogonadism.
Sleepy and grumpy go hand in hand for US Navy Sailors
Authors: McClernon Christopher K , Matsangas Panagiotis , Shattuck Nita Lewis 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
The study explores how sleep, sleep-related practices, and behaviors, in addition to various demographic and occupational characteristics, are related to overall mood of US Navy sailors when they are underway.

Methods
Longitudinal assessment of US Navy sailors performing their underway duties (N = 873, 79.2% males, median age 25 years). Participants completed standardized questionnaires, wore wrist-worn actigraphs, and completed daily activity logs.

Results
Sailors who reported worse profile of mood states (POMS) total mood disturbance scores had shorter sleep duration, worse sleep quality, and more episodes of split sleep. The group with worse mood also reported more symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness as well as more symptoms of insomnia. In addition to sleep results, sailors with worse mood also tended to be younger, more likely to use nicotine and tobacco products, and less likely to have an exercise routine when compared to sailors with better POMS scores. Finally, the group with worse POMS scores included more enlisted personnel, tended to work more hours per day, and were more likely to stand watch—especially on rotating watch schedules.

Conclusions
The results found significant associations between the sleep practices and mood of sailors aboard US Navy ships. Numerous other demographic and occupational factors were also strongly associated with mood. This paper is part of the Sleep and Circadian Rhythms: Management of Fatigue in Occupational Settings Collection.
Social Determinants of Health and Continuity of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Among Patients Receiving Treatment in Rural Primary Care Settings
Authors: Pham Huyen , Ober Allison , Baldwin Laura-Mae , Mooney Larissa J. , Zhu Yuhui , Fei Zhe , Hser Yih-Ing 
Published: February 2024

Objectives
Factors associated with treatment retention on medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in rural settings are poorly understood. This study examines associations between social determinants of health (SDoH) and MOUD retention among patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) in rural primary care settings.

Methods
We analyzed patient electronic health records from 6 rural clinics. Participants (N = 575) were adult patients with OUD and had any prescription for MOUD from October 2019 to April 2020. MOUD retention was measured by MOUD days and continuity defined as continuous 180 MOUD days with no more than a 7-day gap. Mixed-effect regressions assessed associations between the outcomes and SDoH (Medicaid insurance, social deprivation index [SDI], driving time from home to the clinic), telehealth use, and other covariates.

Results
Mean patient MOUD days were 127 days (SD = 50.7 days). Living in more disadvantaged areas (based on SDI) (adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98–0.99) and having more than an hour (compared with an hour or less) driving time from home to clinic (aRR: 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93–0.97) were associated with fewer MOUD days. Using telehealth was associated with more MOUD days (aRR: 1.23; 95% CI, 1.21–1.26). In this cohort, 21.7% of the participants were retained on MOUD for at least 180 days. SDoH and use of telehealth were not associated with having continuity of MOUD.

Conclusions
Addressing SDoH (eg, SDI) and providing telehealth (eg, improvements in public transportation, internet access) may improve MOUD days in rural settings.
Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes of 4546 Adult Admissions to High-Dependency and ICUs in Kenya: A Multicenter Registry-Based Observational Study
Authors: Njoki Carolyne , Simiyu Nabukwangwa , Kaddu Ronnie , Mwangi Wambui , Sulemanji Demet , Oduor Peter , Dona Dilanthi Gamage , Otieno Dorothy , Abonyo Teddy Thaddeus , Wangeci Patricia , Kabanya Thomas , Mutuku Selina , Kioko Annastacia , Muthoni Joy , Kamau Peter Mburu , Beane Abigail , Haniffa Rashan , Dondorp Arjen , Misango David , Pisani Luigi , Waweru-Siika Wangari 
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To describe clinical, management, and outcome features of critically ill patients admitted to ICUs and high-dependency units (HDUs) in Kenya.

DESIGN:
Prospective registry-based observational study.

SETTING:
Three HDUs and eight ICUs in Kenya.

PATIENTS:
Consecutive adult patients admitted between January 2021 and June 2022.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Data were entered in a cloud-based platform using a common data model. Study endpoints included case-mix variables, management features, and patient-centered outcomes. Patients with COVID-19 were reported separately. Of the 3892 of 4546 patients without COVID-19, 2445 patients (62.8%) were from HDUs, and 1447 patients (37.2%) were from ICUs. Patients had a median age of 53 years (interquartile range [IQR] 38–68), with HDU patients being older but with a lower severity (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II 6 [3–9] in HDUs vs. 12 [7–17] in ICUs; p < 0.001). One in four patients was postoperative with 604 (63.4%) receiving emergency surgery. Readmission rate was 4.8%. Hypertension and diabetes were prevalent comorbidities, with a 4.0% HIV/AIDS rate. Invasive mechanical ventilation was applied in 3.4% in HDUs versus 47.6% in ICUs (p < 0.001), with a duration of 7 days (IQR 3–21). There was a similar use of renal replacement therapy (4.0% vs. 4.7%; p < 0.001). Vasopressor use was infrequent while half of patients received antibiotics. Average length of stay was 2 days (IQR 1–5). Crude HDU mortality rate was 6.5% in HDUs versus 30.5% in the ICUs (p < 0.001). Of the 654 COVID-19 admissions, most were admitted in ICUs (72.3%) with a 33.2% mortality.

CONCLUSIONS:
We provide the first multicenter observational cohort study from an African ICU National Registry. Distinct management features and outcomes characterize HDU from ICU patients.
Trends in mortality due to tracheal, bronchial, and lung cancer across the BRICS: An age–period–cohort analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2019
Authors: Bai Ruhai , Dong Wanyue , Chu Meng , Liu Bian , Li Yan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (TBL) is a major cause of mortality and top contributor to productivity loss in large emerging economies such as the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). We examined the time trends of TBL mortality across the BRICS to better understand the disease burden in these countries and inform public health and healthcare resource allocation.

Methods:
TBL mortality-related data between 1990 and 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 and analyzed using age–period–cohort models. Net drift (local drift) was used to describe the expected age-adjusted TBL mortality rate over time overall (each age group); the longitudinal age curve was used to reflect the age effect; the period rate ratios (RRs) were used to reflect the period effect; and the cohort RR was used to reflect the cohort effect.

Results:
In 2019, there were 958.3 thousand TBL deaths across the BRICS, representing 46.9% of the global TBL deaths. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of TBL decreased in Russia, Brazil, and South Africa while increased in China and India, with the largest reduction reported in Russia (–29.6%) and the largest increase in China (+22.4%). India showed an overall increase (+15.7%) in TBL mortality but the mortality risk decreased among individuals born after 1990 (men) and 1995 (women). Although South Africa and Brazil experienced an overall decline in TBL mortality, their recent birth cohorts, such as Brazilian individuals born after 1985 (men) and 1980 (women), and South African men born after 1995, had an increasing TBL mortality risk. China has experienced an overall increase in TBL mortality, with the mortality risk rising among individuals born after 1995 for both men and women. Russia, which had the highest TBL mortality among the BRICS countries in 1990, has demonstrated significant improvement over the past three decades.

Conclusions:
Over the past 30 years, the BRICS accounted for an increasing proportion of global TBL mortality. TBL mortality increased in older women in all the BRICS countries except Russia. Among the recent birth cohort, the risk of TBL mortality increased in Brazil, China, and South Africa. More effective efforts are needed in the BRICS to reduce the burden of TBL and help achieve the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals.
The future of International Classification of Diseases coding in steatotic liver disease: An expert panel Delphi consensus statement
Authors: Hagström Hannes , Adams Leon A. , Allen Alina M. , Byrne Christopher D. , Chang Yoosoo , Duseja Ajay , Grønbæk Henning , Ismail Mona H. , Jepsen Peter , Kanwal Fasiha , Kramer Jennifer , Loomba Rohit , Mark Henry E. , Newsome Philip N. , Rinella Mary E. , Rowe Ian A. , Ryu Seungho , Sanyal Arun , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Serper Marina , Sheron Nick , Simon Tracey G. , Spearman C. Wendy , Tapper Elliot B. , Villota-Rivas Marcela , Wild Sarah H. , Wong Vincent Wai-Sun , Yilmaz Yusuf , Zelber-Sagi Shira , Åberg Fredrik , Lazarus Jeffrey V. 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Following the adoption of new nomenclature for steatotic liver disease, we aimed to build consensus on the use of International Classification of Diseases codes and recommendations for future research and advocacy.

Methods:
Through a two-stage Delphi process, a core group (n = 20) reviewed draft statements and recommendations (n = 6), indicating levels of agreement. Following revisions, this process was repeated with a large expert panel (n = 243) from 73 countries.

Results:
Consensus ranged from 88.8% to 96.9% (mean = 92.3%).

Conclusions:
This global consensus statement provides guidance on harmonizing the International Classification of Diseases coding for steatotic liver disease and future directions to advance the field.