bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial issues: Pelvic exenterative surgery
Authors: Turns Danielle 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis review of the literature describes the psychosocial consequences of all the elements associated with Pelvis Exenterative Surgery (PES): a diagnosis of cancer and/or its recurrence, impact of procedures such as simple or radical hysterectomy, prostatectomy, or colostomy. All studies report a high incidence of anxiety, depression, self‐image insult, sexual dysfunction, social isolation, and dysfunction. There are few studies of the consequences of PES itself. Their consensus is that its psychosocial impact is not as catastrophic as one would expect. However, their methodological drawbacks do not yet permit a definitive conclusion. The interaction of the patients with their surgeon and treatment team during the preoperative period is examined with special attention to potential pitfalls. Acute psychiatric syndomes that may occur during the postoperative period (delerium, anxiety, depression, brief reactive psychosis) and their management is discussed. So are sexual dysfunctions. General principles of intervention in preparing patients for invasive procedures and facilitating favorable outcomes are described. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;76:224–236. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular markers in Paget disease of the breast
Authors: Fu Wei , Lobocki Catherine A. , Silberberg Boris K. , Chelladurai Mohan , Young Shun C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMolecular markers are increasingly being analyzed in tumor specimens because of their relevance to both prognosis and choice of therapy. Paget disease of the breast is an uncommon form of breast cancer, in which molecular markers have not been well characterized. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of c‐erbB‐2, p53, Ki‐67, Cyclin D1, Bcl‐2, estrogen receptors (ER), and progesterone receptors (PR) in mammary Paget disease.MethodsArchival tumor tissues from 14 patients diagnosed between 1990 and 1999 with Paget disease of the breast were analyzed for these molecular markers by using an automated immunohistochemical assay. Both the intraepidermal Paget cells and the underlying carcinoma were assessed for these markers.ResultsThe majority of Paget cells were positive for c‐erbB‐2 (92.9%), Cyclin D1 (100%), and Ki‐67 (85.7%), but very few were positive for Bcl‐2 (14.3%). p53 was overexpressed in 42.9% of the cases, and only 28.6% were positive for ER and PR. The rate of expression of these biologic markers was similar in both the Paget cells and the underlying intraductal and/or ductal carcinoma cells.ConclusionsTumors from patients with Paget disease of the breast were positive for c‐erbB‐2, Cyclin D1, and Ki‐67, molecular markers commonly associated with more aggressive tumor behavior and poorer survival in breast cancer patients. Few of these tumors expressed Bcl‐2 or ER and PR, which are generally associated with a better prognosis. Similar expression of these markers in both Paget cells and the underlying carcinoma supports the theory that these cells are the result of an intraepidermal spread of ductal carcinoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;77:171–178. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of some α‐hydroxy acids by 2,2′‐bipyridinium chlorochromate
Authors: Kumbhat Vinita , Sharma Pradeep K. , Banerji Kalyan K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe oxidation of glycolic, lactic, malic, and a few substituted mandelic acids by 2,2′‐bipyridinium chlorochromate (BPCC) in dimethylsulphoxide leads to the formation of corresponding oxoacids. The reaction is first order each in BPCC and the hydroxy acids. The reaction is catalyzed by the hydrogen ions. The hydrogen ion dependence has the form: kobs = a + b [H+]. The oxidation of α‐deuteriomandelic acid exhibited a substantial primary kinetic isotope effect (kH/kd = 5.29 at 303 K). Oxidation of p‐methylmandelic acid was studied in 19 different organic solvents. The solvent effect has been analyzed by using Kamlet's and Swain's multiparametric equations. A mechanism involving a hydride ion transfer via a chromate ester is proposed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 248–254, 2002
Benchmarking and the role of organizational learning in developing competitive advantage
Authors: Pemberton Jonathan D. , Stonehouse George H. , Yarrow David J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBenchmarking is concerned with enhancing organizational performance by establishing standards against which processes, products and performance can be compared and consequently improved. Organizational learning, on the other hand, refers to the processes by which organizations develop new knowledge and core competences in order to gain competitive advantage. By reference to a survey of over 700 companies drawn from the manufacturing and service sectors in northeast England, this paper examines the relationship between benchmarking and the characteristics of organizational learning. By examining several variables associated with organizational learning, evidence is presented that supports the argument that benchmarking brings the greatest benefits to an organization's performance when combined with effective organizational learning. Vision, training and education, a problem‐solving culture and human resources strategy are some of the key elements associated with benchmarking and organizational success. A high degree of commonality exists between the results of the manufacturing and service sectors, although differences do emerge in the context of employee morale and motivation for example. Furthermore, all the organizational factors examined in both sectors proved to be statistically significant when comparing world class and potentially winning companies with their competitors, adding weight to the argument that the existence of organizational learning within a company is an essential ingredient in the quest for superior performance. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conservation of gullies in susceptible riparian areas of alluvial soil regions
Authors: Yadav R. C. , Bhushan L. S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe problem of gully erosion is very severe in the riparian areas of the alluvial deep soil region in India. Research and development have progressed in response to the change in social needs. The earlier strategy of maintenance of law and order has changed to one of reclamation and restoration of the productive capacity of riparian areas. Watershed management in the ravines has been adopted for development of food security, eco‐restoration and pollution control. Case studies on the watershed management in watersheds projects initiated in the mid‐1980s revealed the scope for bringing increased prosperity through crop diversification and eco‐restoration. In consideration of the erosion process, new concepts of management zones and improved conservation and reclamation practices have been developed. The sociological factors have been rationally analysed, as they applied to watershed management in the ravines. A new paradigm of watershed management by group action is necessary in the future. Since the ways of combating the ravine problem and enhancing the productivity of ravine‐degraded lands were made on rational process‐based approach, there is scope for it to be implemented in other countries with similar land and socio‐economic situations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement of fibrinolytics with a laser‐induced liquid jet
Authors: Hirano Takayuki , Komatsu Makoto , Saeki Toshiro , Uenohara Hiroshi , Takahashi Akira , Takayama Kazuyoshi , Yoshimoto Takashi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThere are several problems inherent in the treatment of cerebral embolisms, such as the narrow therapeutic time window and the severe side effects of fibrinolytic drugs. There is thus need of a new method of removing a cerebral thrombus more rapidly using smaller amounts of fibrinolytics.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe liquid‐jet generator was made by insertion of an optical fiber (diameter: 0.6 mm) into a balloon catheter (6 Fr). A pulsed holmium (Ho) YAG laser (pulse duration time = 350 µs) was used as a laser source. The maximum penetration depth of a liquid jet generated with this device into a gelatin artificial thrombus was measured at various stand‐off distances (L; distance between the optical fiber end and the catheter exit). Based on the result, a stand‐off distance of 13 mm was chosen to investigate the enhancement of urokinase (UK) efficacy by only a single operation of the liquid‐jet device in artificial thrombi made of human blood.ResultsMaximum penetration depth increased in proportion to L and reached a maximum value (9 mm) when L was around 13 mm. Fibrinolysis rates (%) after incubation with a small amount of UK for 10 and 30 minutes were predominantly raised by a single use of the laser‐induced liquid jet (5.4 ± 2.4 vs. 22.6 ± 6.1 and 7.3 ± 3.8 vs. 38.3 ± 5.6, respectively (mean ± SD, P < 0.001)).ConclusionsA laser‐induced liquid jet effectively promoted fibrinolysis in vitro with use of only a small amount of fibrinolytics. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:360–368, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optical properties of native and coagulated porcine liver tissue between 400 and 2400 nm
Authors: Ritz Joerg‐P. , Roggan Andre , Isbert Christoph , Müller Gerhard , Buhr Heinz J. , Germer Christoph‐T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveLaser induced thermotherapy (LITT) is a promising treatment for irresectable liver tumors. For predicting the effects of laser applications and optimizing irradiation planning in LITT, knowledge about light distribution in tissue, optical tissue properties (absorption, scattering, anisotropy, penetration depth) and their changes due to thermal denaturation is indispensable.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe optical parameters in healthy porcine liver were determined in the native state and after thermal coagulation using a double integrating sphere system in the wavelength range of 400–2400 nm.ResultsOptical parameters showed significant fluctuations in the examined wavelength range mainly due to the water and hemoglobin content in the tissue. The greatest optical penetration depth of 7.46 mm was achieved at 1070 nm. After thermal coagulation, a clear increase in scattering and a slight decrease in absorption was found, which results in a decreased optical penetration depth.ConclusionsIn order to ensure a safe and effective procedure, an adjustment of the laser power to the decreasing penetration depth is recommended during therapy. These results provide a better understanding of laser‐tissue interaction and may be helpful to investigators in the field of light dosimetry in liver tissue. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:205–212, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteomic analysis of human prostate cancer†
Authors: Ahram Mamoun , Best Carolyn J. M. , Flaig Michael J. , Gillespie John W. , Leiva Isabel M. , Chuaqui Rodrigo F. , Zhou Ge , Shu Hungjun , Duray Paul H. , Linehan W. Marston , Raffeld Mark , Ornstein David K. , Zhao Yingming , Petricoin Emanuel F. , Emmert‐Buck Michael R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractProteomics is a promising approach in the identification of proteins and biochemical pathways involved in tumorigenesis. In an effort to discover such proteins and pathways that are deregulated in prostate tumorigenesis, cellular proteomes of matched normal prostate epithelial cells and high‐grade prostate cancer cells were analyzed by tissue microdissection, two‐dimensional electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry. Forty protein alterations were detected in the tumors; however, the majority of these changes were not shared among the 12 neoplasms. In contrast, parallel cDNA microarray analysis identified a number of common gene expression changes. The marked heterogeneity of the observed protein alterations may have significance with regard to tumor biology and research strategies for molecular profiling analyses of human prostate cancer. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhanced apoptosis under low serum conditions in human glioblastoma cells by connexin 43 (Cx43)
Authors: Huang Ruochun , Liu Ya‐Guang , Lin Ying , Fan Yan , Boynton Alton , Yang Dongzi , Huang Ruo‐Pan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractConnexin 43 (Cx43), a structural component of gap junctions, is believed to function as a tumor suppressor gene. Previously, we showed that expression of Cx43 suppresses cell proliferation and tumorigenicity of human glioblastoma cells [Huang et al., Cancer Res 58:5089–5096, 1998] and enhances apoptosis in response to chemotherapeutic agents [Huang et al., Int J Cancer 92:130–138, 2001]. In the present study, we demonstrated that expression of Cx43 in human glioblastoma cells potentiated an apoptotic program under low‐serum conditions. The Cx43‐mediated effect was coupled with a decreased expression of the specific apoptosis‐inhibitor bcl‐2. Overexpression of bcl‐2 in Cx43‐transfected cells conferred resistance to apoptosis induced under low‐serum conditions, suggesting that the Cx43‐mediated apoptosis under low‐serum conditions is regulated, in part, through the downregulation of bcl‐2 expression. Furthermore, application of the phosphatidylinositol‐3′‐OH kinase inhibitor LY294002 specifically induced apoptosis in Cx43‐transfected cells. Our results demonstrate a new role of Cx43 in the mediation of apoptosis under low serum conditions. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of chorea and motor neuron disease
Authors: Pradat Pierre‐François , Salachas François , Lacomblez Lucette , Patte Nathalie , Leforestier Nadine , Gaura Véronique , Meininger Vincent 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is classically characterized by the presence of symptoms or signs of upper and lower motor neuron impairment and sparing of other neuronal systems.1 We report on a patient who was primarily diagnosed as typical ALS and developed chorea 10 years after the onset of motor neuron signs. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society.
Intrafamilial phenotypic variability of the DYT1 dystonia: From asymptomatic TOR1A gene carrier status to dystonic storm
Authors: Opal Puneet , Tintner Ron , Jankovic Joseph , Leung Joanne , Breakefield Xandra O. , Friedman Jennifer , Ozelius Laurie 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWhen primary torsion dystonia is caused by a GAG deletion in the TOR1A gene (DYT1 dystonia), it typically presents with an early‐onset dystonia involving distal limbs, subsequently spreading to a generalized dystonia. We describe a large family with an unusually broad variability in the clinical features of their dystonia both with regard to severity and age of onset. The proband of this family succumbed in his second decade to malignant generalized dystonia, whereas other family members carrying the same mutation are either asymptomatic or display dystonia that may be focal, segmental, multifocal, or generalized in distribution. One family member had onset of her dystonia at age 64 years, probably the oldest reported in genetically confirmed DYT1 dystonia. We conclude that marked phenotypic heterogeneity characterizes some families with DYT1 dystonia, suggesting a role for genetic, environmental, or other modifiers. These findings have implications for genetic testing and counseling. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society.
Dystonia in Wilson's disease
Authors: Svetel Marina , Kozić Duško , Stefanova Elka , Semnic Robert , Dragaševič Nataša , Kostič Vladimir S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe frequency and type of dystonic movements, as well as brain abnormalities, as depicted with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which might correlate with dystonia, were studied in 27 consecutive patients with a neurologic form of Wilson's disease (WD) and optimized treatment. Dystonia was found in 10 patients (37%), being generalized in half of them, while two patients had segmental, two patients multifocal dystonia, and one patient bilateral foot dystonia. Dystonia was a presenting sign in four patients and developed later in the course of the disease in six patients, despite the administered therapy for WD. Putamen was the only structure significantly more frequently lesioned in dystonic (80%) in comparison to WD patients without dystonia (24%), suggesting a relation between abnormalities in this brain region and dystonic movements in WD. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Corticobasal syndrome with tau pathology
Authors: Cordato N.J. , Halliday G.M. , McCann H. , Davies L. , Williamson P. , Fulham M. , Morris J.G.L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSix cases with a clinical corticobasal syndrome (progressive asymmetric apraxia and parkinsonism unresponsive to levodopa) and tau pathology were selected from 97 brain donors with parkinsonism. Postmortem volumetric measures of regional brain atrophy (compared with age/sex‐matched controls) were correlated with clinical features and the degree of underlying cortical and subcortical histopathology. At death, no significant asymmetry of pathology was detected. All cases had prominent bilateral atrophy of the precentral gyrus (reduced by 22–54%) with other cortical regions variably affected. Subcortical atrophy was less severe and variable. Two cases demonstrated widespread atrophy of basal ganglia structures (44–60% atrophy of the internal globus pallidus) and substantial subcortical pathology consistent with a diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The remaining four cases had typical pathology of corticobasal degeneration. In all cases, neuronal loss and gliosis corresponded with subcortical atrophy, while the density of cortical swollen neurons correlated with cortical volume loss. Atrophy of the internal globus pallidus was associated with postural instability, while widespread basal ganglia histopathology was found in cases with gaze palsy. This study confirms the involvement of the precentral gyrus in the corticobasal syndrome and highlights the variable underlying pathology in these patients. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society
Treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome with subcutaneous apomorphine monotherapy
Authors: Wang Han‐Cheng , Hsieh Yoloung 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA 20‐year‐old psychiatric patient receiving haloperidol treatment developed acute‐onset fever, rigidity, and mental changes. Subcutaneous apomorphine was given alone for treatment. The patient had rapid clinical improvement after the treatment. Serial blood examinations showed decline and subsequent normalization of the creatine phosphokinase levels.
Hand orthosis as a writing aid in writer's cramp
Authors: Taş Nihal , Karataş Gülçin Kaymak , Sepici Vesile 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWriter's cramp is a focal, task‐specific dystonia of the hand and wrist. It primarily affects people who do a significant amount of writing, and causes difficulties in writing. We present five cases with writer's cramp who showed improvement in their writing ability with an applied hand orthosis. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Botulinum toxin antibody type A titres after cessation of botulinum toxin therapy
Authors: Dressler Dirk , Bigalke Hans 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn some patients, therapy with botulinum toxin type A (BT‐A) becomes ineffective due to formation of antibodies (BT‐A‐AB). The time course of BT‐A‐AB titres after cessation of BT‐A therapy was quantitatively studied to determine whether and when they might drop. Thirteen patients (eight women, five men) with various dystonic syndromes and complete secondary therapy failure (CSTF) were included in this study (age at initiation of BT‐A therapy, 48.2 ± 11.3 years; number of injection series, 7.7 ± 2.9; treatment time, 678.8 ± 385.6 days; mean interinjection interval, 90.4 ± 35.5 days; mean single dose, 546.7 ± 336.9 EMU; cumulative dose, 4185.1 ± 3375.7 EMU [1 EMU = 1 botox MU = 3 dysport MU]). During a monitoring period of at least 750 days after occurrence of CSTF, two or more BT‐A‐AB tests using the quantitative mouse diaphragm assay were performed. Eight of 13 BT‐A‐AB titres decreased. The onset of decrease could be detected after between approximately 500 and 1,750 days. After 1,250 to 2,250 days they had dropped below a level of 0.002 U/ml, where CSTF is unlikely. Five of 13 BT‐A‐AB titres did not decrease. For three of these five, the monitoring period was less than 1,500 days; a chance to drop remained. The other two were monitored for up to 2,400 days. Patients with decreasing and nondecreasing BT‐A‐AB titres did not exhibit statistically significant differences in either clinical characteristics or treatment parameters. When BT‐A therapy was stopped the majority of BT‐A‐AB titres eventually decreased, allowing reinitiation of BT‐A therapy. Application of new BT‐A preparations with low antigenic potency might then become an interesting treatment option. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society.
X‐linked dystonia (“Lubag”) presenting predominantly with parkinsonism: A more benign phenotype?
Authors: Evidente Virgilio Gerald H. , Gwinn‐Hardy Katrina , Hardy John , Hernandez Dena , Singleton Andrew 
Published: August 2002

Abstract“Lubag,” or Filipino X‐linked dystonia, typically presents with either pure dystonia (that inexorably becomes generalized) or combined dystonia–parkinsonism. We report on three cases of Lubag presenting with isolated parkinsonism without dystonia or late‐onset dystonia and a slower course. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Bimanual coordination in Parkinson's disease: Deficits in movement frequency, amplitude, and pattern switching
Authors: Byblow Winston D. , Summers Jeffery J. , Lewis Gwyn N. , Thomas Julie 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSix patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and six age‐matched controls participated in a variety of rhythmic bimanual coordination tasks. The main goal of the task was to perform inphase or antiphase patterns of pronation and supination of the forearms at a specified tempo, and to switch from one pattern to the other upon presentation of a visual cue. The availability of advance information was varied to examine whether deficits would emerge under choice versus pre‐cue constraints. In pre‐cue conditions, the subjects knew in advance which hand would be cued to initiate pattern change. In choice conditions, the cued hand was not known until the imperative stimulus was presented. Overall, the PD patients made movements with significantly lower frequencies and smaller amplitudes relative to controls. Patients exhibited spontaneous pattern switching from antiphase to inphase at significantly lower movement frequencies than controls. During intentional switching trials, the control group was significantly faster at initiating pattern change. PD and control groups differed in the time to initiate pattern switching to a greater extent under choice conditions, suggesting that patients used advance information to increase the speed of their response. The control group exhibited a preference for spontaneous switching and intentional switching through the subdominant hand. Patients exhibited a switching preference using the impaired limb (whether or not it was subdominant). The control group made more correct responses when the subdominant side was either pre‐cued or presented in choice conditions. The patients maintained the subdominant/impaired side advantage under pre‐cue conditions but not choice. In the maintenance of rhythmic movement, individuals with PD were able to use advance information in terms of both speed and accuracy. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
A new consistent discrete‐velocity model for the Boltzmann equation
Authors: Panferov Vladislav A. , Heintz Alexei G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper discusses the convergence of a new discrete‐velocity model to the Boltzmann equation. First the consistency of the collision integral approximation is proved. Based on this we prove the convergence of solutions for a modified model to renormalized solutions of the Boltzmann equation. In a numerical example, the solutions to the discrete problems are compared with the exact solution of the Boltzmann equation in the space‐homogeneous case. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.