bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning the Liquid Crystallinity and Electroluminescence via Sulfonation of S‐Annulated Perylene Tetraester
Authors: Behera Paresh Kumar , Chen Feng‐Rong , Gautam Prakalp , Roy Mrinmoy , Rao Doddamane Sreenivasamurthy Shankar , Yelamaggad Channabasaveshwar V. , Jou Jwo‐Huei , Sudhakar Achalkumar Ammathnadu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study presents a comparative analysis of S‐annulated perylene tetraester (PTE‐S) and its sulfone (PTE‐SO2) analogue. This sulfone modification reduced melting point and stabilized a room temperature columnar rectangular (Colr) phase in contrast to its parent PTE‐S which showed a crystalline behaviour at room temperature. This molecular design also leads to red‐shifted absorbance and emission in comparison to PTE‐S, along with a tuning of photoluminescence from sky blue to green, achieving an impressive quantum yield of 85 %. OLED devices fabricated using PTE‐SO2 as emitter material at concentrations of 0.2, 0.5, and 1 wt.% in CBP as host material. A maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 2.9 % was observed with the 0.5 wt.% PTE‐SO2 in CBP with CIE coordinates of (0.45, 0.35), accompanied by an orange luminance of 848 cd/m2. Notably, a device with a 0.5 wt% doping concentration of PTE‐S demonstrates an EQE of 3.5 %, and cyan luminance of 2,598 cd/m2.
Size‐Switchable Ru Nanoaggregates for Enhancing Phototherapy: Hyaluronidase‐Triggered Disassembly to Alleviate Deep Tumor Hypoxia
Authors: Huang Rimei , Qiu Huimin , Pang Congcong , Li Liqun , Wang Aihui , Ji Shichen , Liang Hong , Shen Xing‐Can , Jiang Bang‐Ping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHypoxia is a critical factor for restricting photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumor, and it becomes increasingly severe with increasing tissue depth. Thus, the relief of deep tumor hypoxia is extremely important to improve the PDT efficacy. Herein, tumor microenvironment (TME)‐responsive size‐switchable hyaluronic acid‐hybridized Ru nanoaggregates (HA@Ru NAs) were developed via screening reaction temperature to alleviate deep tumor hypoxia for improving the tumor‐specific PDT by the artful integration multiple bioactivated chemical reactions in situ and receptor‐mediated targeting (RMT). In this nanosystem, Ru NPs not only enabled HA@Ru NAs to have near infrared (NIR)‐mediated photothermal/photodynamic functions, but also could catalyze endogenous H2O2 to produce O2 in situ. More importantly, hyaluronidase (HAase) overexpressed in the TME could trigger disassembly of HA@Ru NAs via the hydrolysis of HA, offering the smart size switch capability from 60 to 15 nm for enhancing tumor penetration. Moreover, the RMT characteristics of HA ensured that HA@Ru NAs could specially enter CD44‐overexpressed tumor cells, enhancing tumor‐specific precision of phototherapy. Taken together these distinguishing characteristics, smart HA@Ru NAs successfully realized the relief of deep tumor hypoxia to improve the tumor‐specific PDT.
Revolutionizing cancer treatment in India: Evaluating the unmet need, economics, and a roadmap for project implementation of particle therapy
Authors: Gupta Anil , Subramani V. , Kumar Rishabh , Kareem Rafi , Vishwanathan Bhaskar , Sharma Daya Nand 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis study aims to quantitatively assess eligible patients and project the demand for particle therapy facilities in India from 2020 to 2040. In addition, an economic analysis evaluates the financial feasibility of implementing this technology. The study also examines the prospective benefits and challenges of adopting this technology in India.MethodologyCancer incidence and projected trends were analyzed for pediatric patients using the Global Childhood Cancer microsimulation model and adult patients using the Globocan data. Economic cost evaluation is performed for large‐scale combined particle (carbon and proton‐three room fixed‐beam), large‐scale proton (one gantry and two fixed‐beam), and small‐scale proton (one gantry) facility.ResultsBy 2040, the estimated number of eligible patients for particle therapy is projected to reach 161,000, including approximately 14,000 pediatric cases. The demand for particle therapy facilities is projected to rise from 81 to 97 in 2020 to 121 to 146 by 2040. The capital expenditure is estimated to be only 3.7 times that of a standard photon linear accelerator over a 30‐year period. Notably, the treatment cost can be reduced to USD 400 to 800 per fraction, substantially lower than that in high‐income countries (USD 1000 to 3000 per fraction).ConclusionThis study indicates that, in the Indian scenario, all particle therapy models are cost‐beneficial and feasible, with large‐scale proton therapy being the most suitable. Despite challenges such as limited resources, space, a skilled workforce, referral systems, and patient affordability, it offers substantial benefits. These include the potential to treat many patients and convenient construction and operational costs. An iterative phased implementation strategy can effectively overcome these challenges, paving the way for the successful adoption of particle therapy in India.Plain Language Summary

In India, the number of eligible patients benefiting from high‐precision particle therapy technology is projected to rise till 2040. Despite high upfront costs, our study finds the long‐term feasibility of all particle therapy models, potentially offering a substantial reduction in treatment cost compared to high‐income countries. Despite challenges, India can succeed with an iterative phased approach.
Impact of Vacancy Defects on Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reaction Performance of MXenes
Authors: Kagdada Hardik L. , Jain Ankit 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe investigated electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) on MXenes consisting of the vacancy defects in the functional layer using density functional theory calculations. We considered Mo2C, W2C, Mo2N, and W2N MXenes with F, N, and O functionalization and investigated distal and alternative associative pathways. We analyzed these MXenes for eNRR based on N2 adsorption energy, NH3 desorption energy, NRR selectivity, and electrochemical limiting potential. While we find that most of the considered MXenes surfaces are more favorable for eNRR compared to hydrogen evolution, these surfaces also have strong NH3 binding (>−1.0 eV) and thus will be covered with NH3 during operating conditions. Amongst all considered MXenes, only W2NF2 is found to have a low NH3 desorption energy along with low eNRR overpotential and selectivity towards eNRR. The obtained eNRR overpotential and NH3 desorption energy on W2NF2 are superior to those reported for pristine W2N3 as well as functionalized MXenes.
MOF‐Based Membranes for Remediated Application of Water Pollution
Authors: Xu Huan , Chen Shuyuan , Zhao Ye‐Fan , Wang Fangfang , Guo Fan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMembrane separation plays a crucial role in the current increasingly complex energy environment. Membranes prepared by metal–organic framework (MOF) materials usually possess unique advantages in common, such as uniform pore size, ultra‐high porosity, enhanced selectivity and throughput, and excellent adsorption property, which have been contributed to the separation fields. In this comprehensive review, we summarize various designs and synthesized strategies of free‐standing MOF and composite MOF‐based membranes for water treatment. Special emphases are given not only on the effects of MOF on membrane performance, removal efficiencies, and elimination mechanisms, but also on the importance of MOF‐based membranes for the applications of oily and micro‐pollutant removal, adsorption, separation, and catalysis. The challenges and opportunities in the future for the industrial implementation of MOF‐based membranes are also discussed.
Whole blood transcriptomics reveals granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor as a mediator of cardiopulmonary bypass‐induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Authors: Martin Katherine R , Gamell Cristina , Tai Tsin Yee , Bonelli Roberto , Hansen Jacinta , Tatoulis James , Alhamdoosh Monther , Wilson Nicholas , Wicks Ian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesSystemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a frequent complication of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). SIRS is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, but its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, and as a result, biomarkers are lacking and treatment remains expectant and supportive. This study aimed to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms driving SIRS induced by CPB and identify novel therapeutic targets that might reduce systemic inflammation and improve patient outcomes.MethodsTwenty‐one patients undergoing cardiac surgery and CPB were recruited, and blood was sampled before, during and after surgery. SIRS was defined using the American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine criteria. We performed immune cell profiling and whole blood transcriptomics and measured individual mediators in plasma/serum to characterise SIRS induced by CPB.ResultsNineteen patients fulfilled criteria for SIRS, with a mean duration of 2.7 days. Neutrophil numbers rose rapidly with CPB and remained elevated for at least 48 h afterwards. Transcriptional signatures associated with neutrophil activation and degranulation were enriched during CPB. We identified a network of cytokines governing these transcriptional changes, including granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), a regulator of neutrophil production and function.ConclusionsWe identified neutrophils and G‐CSF as major regulators of CPB‐induced systemic inflammation. Short‐term targeting of G‐CSF could provide a novel therapeutic strategy to limit neutrophil‐mediated inflammation and tissue damage in SIRS induced by CPB.
Effective γδ T‐cell clinical therapies: current limitations and future perspectives for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Revesz Isabella A , Joyce Paul , Ebert Lisa M , Prestidge Clive A 
Published: February 2024

Abstractγδ T cells are a unique subset of T lymphocytes, exhibiting features of both innate and adaptive immune cells and are involved with cancer immunosurveillance. They present an attractive alternative to conventional T cell‐based immunotherapy due, in large part, to their lack of major histocompatibility (MHC) restriction and ability to secrete high levels of cytokines with well‐known anti‐tumour functions. To date, clinical trials using γδ T cell‐based immunotherapy for a range of haematological and solid cancers have yielded limited success compared with in vitro studies. This inability to translate the efficacy of γδ T‐cell therapies from preclinical to clinical trials is attributed to a combination of several factors, e.g. γδ T‐cell agonists that are commonly used to stimulate populations of these cells have limited cellular uptake yet rely on intracellular mechanisms; administered γδ T cells display low levels of tumour‐infiltration; and there is a gap in the understanding of γδ T‐cell inhibitory receptors. This review explores the discrepancy between γδ T‐cell clinical and preclinical performance and offers viable avenues to overcome these obstacles. Using more direct γδ T‐cell agonists, encapsulating these agonists into lipid nanocarriers to improve their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles and the use of combination therapies to overcome checkpoint inhibition and T‐cell exhaustion are ways to bridge the gap between preclinical and clinical success. Given the ability to overcome these limitations, the development of a more targeted γδ T‐cell agonist‐checkpoint blockade combination therapy has the potential for success in clinical trials which has to date remained elusive.
Seasonal phenology of the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) at 60° N
Authors: Reimer Jesika P. , Barclay Robert M. R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo investigate the impact of short summers and long summer solar periods at high latitudes on the behavior of a nocturnal, hibernating mammal, we recorded the phenology of Myotis lucifugus (little brown myotis) at 60° N in the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada. In particular, we assessed the timing of spring emergence from, and autumn entry into, hibernation, reproduction, and seasonal mass fluctuations. We used a combination of acoustic monitoring and capture surveys at two hibernacula and two maternity roosts during 2011 and 2012. Myotis spp. were active at the hibernacula from late April to late September/early October, suggesting that the “active” season length is similar to that of populations farther south. At maternity colonies, we detected M. lucifugus activity from early May to early October, with peaks during mid‐July in both years. Lactation, fledging, and weaning all occurred later in the NWT than at more southern locations, and reproductive rates were significantly lower than rates observed farther south. The average mass of individuals fluctuated throughout the season, with an initial decline immediately following emergence from hibernation likely reflecting increased energy expenditure due to flight and decreased use of torpor, coupled with relatively low prey intake due to low prey abundance associated with cool temperatures. Females did not appear to have lower pre‐hibernation masses than those in more southern populations, suggesting that despite the cool spring and autumn temperatures, and short summer nights, bats are able to obtain enough energy for reproduction and mass accumulation for hibernation. However, the lower reproductive rates may indicate that there are limitations to life at the northern limits of the species' range.
Impact and control of feral cats preying on wandering albatrosses: Insights from a field experiment
Authors: Blanchard Pierrick , Delord Karine , Bodin Aymeric , Guille Kevin , Getti Tobie , Barbraud Christophe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInvasive alien species are a major threat to seabird species, and the number of impacted species is still increasing. A recent study revealed for the first time that feral cats predated a large albatross species and that without cat control, some albatross populations would markedly decline. We examined this new predator–prey system by individually monitoring known‐age wandering albatross chicks with camera traps in a colony experimentally divided into zones with and without cat control. Our design allowed us to investigate how cat control influenced cat abundance and how this in turn influenced the probability for a chick to be predated by a cat. After cat controls, cat abundance was lower in controlled zones than in uncontrolled zones, while a survival analysis showed that the probability for a chick to die from cat predation depended on the zone but not on cat abundance. Our monitoring also provided a fine‐scale investigation of the various sources of chick mortality. In addition to cat predation (24% of mortality overall), our data documented predation by giant petrels, for the first time in Kerguelen, and revealed a strong and unexpected effect of nest flooding on chick mortality. Overall, our results underline the need for future studies investigating interindividual variability in cat diet and spatial ecology.
Inhomogeneous flow model of natural convection, entropy generation, and heatlines visualization in wavy I‐shaped enclosure with rectangular heater
Authors: Abdulkadhim Ammar , Abed Azher M. , Hamzah Hameed K. , Abed Isam Mejbel , Mahjoub Nejla Said , Ali Farooq H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present investigation is on examination of the natural convection and entropy generation considering the heatlines visualization of nanofluid I‐shaped enclosure with two corrugated walls considering inner rectangular heater of three different heights. The influence of Brownian motion along with thermophoresis had been implemented using Inhomogeneous two‐phase model of nanofluid. The governing equations were solved numerically using COMSOL software. Influence of Rayleigh number , Buoyancy ratio number , Lewis number , heater length . The results indicate that the influence of Lewis number on heat transfer bettering is stronger at high Rayleigh number while its impact is negligible at a lower value of Rayleigh number (conduction mode). In addition, the total entropy generation gets its highest value at Lewis number . Bejan number, fluid flow strength and heat rate increase as the rectangular heater height increases. Also, higher heat transfer augmentation is taken when the heater height is while increasing the heater height to leads to more total entropy generation. The impact of heater height on total entropy generation is highly affected by Rayleigh number as increasing the heater height from into , total entropy generation increases by at while it increases by at .
Using renewable alternative fuels and studying their impact on the performance and emissions of compression ignition engines
Authors: Al‐jabiri Ali A. , Balla Hyder H. , Al‐Zuhairy Mudhaffar S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis practical study examined the effect of engine torque on engine performance and emissions. The most important parameters of engine performance are thermal efficiency, brake power (BP), and specific fuel consumption. As for exhaust emissions, the most important of which are hydrocarbons (HCs), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The experiment was conducted for a single‐cylinder, four‐stroke compression ignition engine. Mixtures (B0, B10, B20, B30, and B40) were taken from biodiesel prepared from sunflower oil by the esterification method. The engine speed was fixed at 1700 rpm, and torque variable was from 0 to 10 N m. The results indicated a decrease in engine BP by an average of 19.5 W, a decrease in thermal efficiency by an average of 1.058%, while an increase in fuel consumption by an average of 0.095 kg/kW h−1 compared to diesel. As for exhaust emissions, HC emissions decreased by 5.8 ppm, while CO decreased by 0.0207%, and NOx emissions increased by 138.5 ppm compared to diesel, due to changes in the properties of biodiesel, such as high density, viscosity, and low calorific value compared to the properties of regular diesel
PPM1G regulates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury through STING‐mediated inflammatory pathways in macrophages
Authors: Peng Dadi , Huang Zuotian , Yang Hang , Luo Yunhai , Wu Zhongjun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIschemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is generally unavoidable following liver transplantation. Here, we investigated the role of protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1G (PPM1G) in hepatic IRI.MethodsHepatic IRI was mimicked by employing a hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R) model in RAW 264.7 cells and a 70% warm ischemia model in C57BL/6 mice, respectively. In vitro, expression changes of tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin were detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), western blot analysis, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The protein expressions of PPM1G and the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway components were analyzed by western blot. Interaction between PPM1G and STING was verified by coimmunoprecipitation (CO‐IP). Immunofluorescence was applied for detection of p‐IRF3. Flow cytometry, qRT‐PCR and western blot were utilized to analyze markers of macrophage polarization. In vivo, histological analyses of mice liver were carried out by TUNEL and H&E staining. Changes in serum aminotransferases were also detected.ResultsFollowing H/R intervention, a steady decline in PPM1G along with an increase in inflammatory cytokines in vitro was observed. Addition of plasmid with PPM1G sequence limited the release of inflammatory cytokines and downregulated phosphorylation of STING. CO‐IP validated the interaction between PPM1G and STING. Furthermore, inhibition of PPM1G with lentivirus enhanced phosphorylation of STING and its downstream components; meanwhile, p65, p38, and Jnk were also surged to phosphorylation. Expression of INOS and CD86 was surged, while CD206, Arg‐1, and IL‐10 were inhibited. In vivo, PPM1G inhibition further promoted liver damage, hepatocyte apoptosis, and transaminases release. Selective inhibition of STING with C‐176 partially reversed the activation of STING pathway and inflammatory cytokines in vitro. M1 markers were also suppressed by C‐176. In vivo, C‐176 rescued liver damage and transaminase release caused by PPM1G inhibition.ConclusionPPM1G suppresses hepatic IRI and macrophage M1 phenotype by repressing STING‐mediated inflammatory pathways.
A customized ConvNeXt‐XL network with fusion of deep and handcrafted features for colposcopy image classification
Authors: Natarajan Thendral , Devan Lakshmi , Palayanoor Seethapathy Ramaprabha , Balakrishnan Senthil Kumar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCervical cancer is the second most frequent cancer among women of all age groups worldwide. It occurs due to human papillomavirus. In the premature stages, the symptoms will not be predominant until they reach the final stage of cancer. Detection and classification of cervical cancer always demand gynecologists with the necessary skills and experience. The goal of the proposed work is to develop a deep learning framework to facilitate the automated classification of cervical cancer using colposcopy images. The following Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) models are proposed to detect cervical cancer and classify cervix‐type images. (i) the pre‐trained DCNNs, namely VGG16, ResNet50, InceptionV3, InceptionResNetV2, and ConvNeXtXLarge (ConvNeXt‐XL) using Softmax classifier based on deep features; (ii) the ConvNeXt‐XL model with classification using Support Vector Machine (SVM), K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Decision Tree (DT) based on deep features; (iii) a customized ConvNeXt‐XL network to enhance the classification accuracy using serially concatenated handcrafted and deep features. The research experiment was carried out separately using two datasets: the Cervix‐Type dataset (Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3) and the Real Time Cervical dataset (Normal and Abnormal). The simulation outcome confirms that the customized ConvNeXt‐XL helped to improve the classification accuracy with the Cervix‐Type dataset (>97%) and Real Time Cervical dataset (>98%).