bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proportion of paediatric admissions with any stage of noma at the Anka General Hospital, northwest Nigeria
Authors: Farley Elise , Karinja Miriam Njoki , Lawal Abdulhakeem Mohammed , Olaleye Michael , Muhammad Sadiya , Umar Maryam , Gaya Fatima Khalid , Mbaeri Shirley Chioma , Sherlock Mark , Kabila Deogracia Wa , Peters Miriam , Samuel Joseph , Maloba Guy , Usman Rabi , van der Kam Saskia , Ritmeijer Koert , Ariti Cono , Amirtharajah Mohana , Lenglet Annick , Falq Grégoire 
Published: October 2023

Introduction
Noma is a rapidly spreading infection of the oral cavity which mainly affects young children. Without early treatment, it can have a high mortality rate. Simple gingivitis is a warning sign for noma, and acute necrotizing gingivitis is the first stage of noma. The epidemiology of noma is not well understood. We aimed to understand the prevalence of all stages of noma in hospitalised children.

Methods
We conducted a prospective observational study from 1st June to 24th October 2021, enrolling patients aged 0 to 12 years who were admitted to the Anka General Hospital, Zamfara, northwest Nigeria. Consenting parents/ guardians of participants were interviewed at admission. Participants had anthropometric and oral examinations at admission and discharge.

Findings
Of the 2346 patients, 58 (2.5%) were diagnosed with simple gingivitis and six (n = 0.3%) with acute necrotizing gingivitis upon admission. Of those admitted to the Inpatient Therapeutic Feeding Centre (ITFC), 3.4% (n = 37, CI 2.5–4.7%) were diagnosed with simple gingivitis upon admission compared to 1.7% of those not admitted to the ITFC (n = 21, CI 1.1–2.6%) (p = 0.008). Risk factors identified for having simple gingivitis included being aged over two years (2 to 6 yrs old, odds ratio (OR) 3.4, CI 1.77–6.5; 7 to 12 yrs OR 5.0, CI 1.7–14.6; p = <0.001), being admitted to the ITFC (OR 2.1; CI 1.22–3.62) and having oral health issues in the three months prior to the assessment (OR 18.75; CI 10.65, 33.01). All (n = 4/4) those aged six months to five years acute necrotizing gingivitis had chronic malnutrition.

Conclusion
Our study showed a small proportion of children admitted to the Anka General Hospital had simple or acute necrotizing gingivitis. Hospital admission with malnutrition was a risk factor for both simple and acute necrotizing gingivitis. The lack of access to and uptake of oral health care indicates a strong need for oral examinations to be included in routine health services. This provision could improve the oral status of the population and decrease the chance of patients developing noma.
Chemistry saving lives: using First World War Hypo helmets to avoid chlorine poisoning
Authors: Horikoshi Ryo , Yoshida Souma 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A Hypo helmet is a fabric hood soaked with an aqueous solution of two sodium salts for the detoxication of chlorine that was developed during the First World War. Herein, we report on a lecture, developed for non-chemistry majors that used the Hypo helmet to highlight the physical and chemical properties of chlorine. The lecture consisted of the following three components: (1) a brief introduction to the First World War (the Chemists’ War), (2) video demonstrations of the generation of chlorine by mixing bleaching powder and hydrochloric acid and the detoxication of chlorine using a dummy Hypo helmet, and (3) students’ written impressions of the lecture. The students’ written impressions revealed two things: the lecture on chlorine and the Hypo helmet was well received, and most of the students (71 %, N = 82) did not know that chlorine was used as a poisonous gas during the First World War.
Self-isolation of an Italian long-term care facility during COVID-19 pandemic: A comparison study on care-related infectious episodes
Authors: Venditti Noemi , Petronio Giulio Petronio , Pinti Melania , Cutolo Giovanni , Pietrangelo Laura , Massini Laura , Magnifico Irene , Cutuli Marco Alfio , Petrone Federica , Papini Stefano , Di Marco Roberto , Corbi Graziamaria 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The aim of this retrospective cohort study is to understand if and how much the preventive self-isolation approach might have been a valid model to avoid care-related infection, not only from COVID-19 but also from other non-viral infectious diseases. From March to May 2020, the healthcare and management staff of the Villa Santa Maria long-term care facilities, located in the village of Montenero di Bisaccia (Campobasso, Molise, Italy), decided to carry out a preventive self-isolation plan to safeguard the residents from SARS-CoV-2. The impact on other infectious diseases was evaluated by analyzing the antibiotic therapies prescription trend among the inpatients. Our data showed that although self-isolation protected residents and caregivers from SARS-CoV-2, it can also be associated with mobility reduction, leading to an increase in bedridden pathologies, namely, pressure ulcers and pressure sores. The simultaneous isolation of residents and caregivers in the same location significantly reduced any outside influence as a cause of possible infections.
Additive manufacturing of a lightweight Al-Ca alloy by direct energy deposition and laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Preußner J. , Rödler G. , Fischer F. G. , Hintz K. , Friedmann V. , Weisheit A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
High strength and low density materials are needed to achieve lightweight design of components. Aluminum base metals alloyed with calcium are of potential interest because of the low density of calcium and its abundance. The additive manufacturing of dense and crack free samples out of an Al-10 wt.% Ca (Al-10Ca) alloy is presented. Both laser-based direct energy deposition (DED-LB) and laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processes were applied to manufacture sample material. Preheating of the substrate plate is needed in LPBF to receive crack free samples. An analysis of the microstructure shows an Al-Al4Ca lamellar eutectic.
A novel near-infrared fluorescent probe for cysteine and application in bioimaging
Authors: Gu Xin , Chen Jiajia , Yang Xindi , Zhou Wei , Yang Li 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Cysteine (Cys) plays key roles in various pathological and physiological processes. Thus, the specific detection of Cys is a great necessity for the related disease diagnosis. Herein, we present a novel fluorescent probe based on a 2-benzothiazolyl-6-quinazolinyl-4-methylphenol moiety as fluorophore and a 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl moiety as detection functioned group. The probe presented a rapid and specific turn on response to Cys under physiological conditions, which could be convenient observed by the naked eyes. The detection mechanism was elucidated by HRMS, UV/vis absorption, fluorescence and DFT calculation. Furthermore, the probe was applied to monitor the endogenous Cys in living cells and mice.
PLK1 promotes the mitotic surveillance pathway by controlling cytosolic 53BP1 availability
Authors: Burigotto Matteo , Vigorito Vincenza , Gliech Colin , Mattivi Alessia , Ghetti Sabrina , Bisio Alessandra , Lolli Graziano , Holland Andrew J , Fava Luca L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract53BP1 acts at the crossroads between DNA repair and p53‐mediated stress response. With its interactors p53 and USP28, it is part of the mitotic surveillance (or mitotic stopwatch) pathway (MSP), a sensor that monitors the duration of cell division, promoting p53‐dependent cell cycle arrest when a critical time threshold is surpassed. Here, we show that Polo‐like kinase 1 (PLK1) activity is essential for the time‐dependent release of 53BP1 from kinetochores. PLK1 inhibition, which leads to 53BP1 persistence at kinetochores, prevents cytosolic 53BP1 association with p53 and results in a blunted MSP. Strikingly, the identification of CENP‐F as the kinetochore docking partner of 53BP1 enabled us to show that measurement of mitotic timing by the MSP does not take place at kinetochores, as perturbing CENP‐F‐53BP1 binding had no measurable impact on the MSP. Taken together, we propose that PLK1 supports the MSP by generating a cytosolic pool of 53BP1 and that an unknown cytosolic mechanism enables the measurement of mitotic duration.
Allelic effects on uromodulin aggregates drive autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease
Authors: Schiano Guglielmo , Lake Jennifer , Mariniello Marta , Schaeffer Céline , Harvent Marianne , Rampoldi Luca , Olinger Eric , Devuyst Olivier 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMissense mutations in the uromodulin (UMOD) gene cause autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD), one of the most common monogenic kidney diseases. The unknown impact of the allelic and gene dosage effects and fate of mutant uromodulin leaves open the gap between postulated gain‐of‐function mutations, end‐organ damage and disease progression in ADTKD. Based on two prevalent missense UMOD mutations with divergent disease progression, we generated UmodC171Y and UmodR186S knock‐in mice that showed strong allelic and gene dosage effects on uromodulin aggregates and activation of ER stress and unfolded protein and immune responses, leading to variable kidney damage. Deletion of the wild‐type Umod allele in heterozygous UmodR186S mice increased the formation of uromodulin aggregates and ER stress. Studies in kidney tubular cells confirmed differences in uromodulin aggregates, with activation of mutation‐specific quality control and clearance mechanisms. Enhancement of autophagy by starvation and mTORC1 inhibition decreased uromodulin aggregates. These studies substantiate the role of toxic aggregates as driving progression of ADTKD‐UMOD, relevant for therapeutic strategies to improve clearance of mutant uromodulin.
Evaluating E. coli genome‐scale metabolic model accuracy with high‐throughput mutant fitness data
Authors: Bernstein David B , Akkas Batu , Price Morgan N , Arkin Adam P 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Escherichia coli genome‐scale metabolic model (GEM) is an exemplar systems biology model for the simulation of cellular metabolism. Experimental validation of model predictions is essential to pinpoint uncertainty and ensure continued development of accurate models. Here, we quantified the accuracy of four subsequent E. coli GEMs using published mutant fitness data across thousands of genes and 25 different carbon sources. This evaluation demonstrated the utility of the area under a precision–recall curve relative to alternative accuracy metrics. An analysis of errors in the latest (iML1515) model identified several vitamins/cofactors that are likely available to mutants despite being absent from the experimental growth medium and highlighted isoenzyme gene‐protein‐reaction mapping as a key source of inaccurate predictions. A machine learning approach further identified metabolic fluxes through hydrogen ion exchange and specific central metabolism branch points as important determinants of model accuracy. This work outlines improved practices for the assessment of GEM accuracy with high‐throughput mutant fitness data and highlights promising areas for future model refinement in E. coli and beyond.
Features of calcium hexaaluminate formation in alumina-zirconia ceramics
Authors: Cherkasova Nina , Antropova Kristina , Kuzmin Ruslan , Emurlaev Kemal , Kuchumova Ivanna , Burkhinova Nomina , Zobova Yulia 
Published: October 2023

Alumina-zirconia composites containing calcium hexaaluminate in the amount from 0 to 15 wt.% were investigated. The materials were obtained by water dispersion, granulation, axial pressing, and free sintering. Density and open porosity were determined by the hydrostatic weighing method. Phase analysis was performed using synchrotron radiation. Structural investigations were conducted using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Vickers hardness was determined at a load of 10 kg. Fracture toughness was determined by the indentation method. With increasing CaAl12O19 content in the composites, the relative density decreased from 98.5% to 91.8%, and the open porosity increased from 0.2 to 1.4%. The lattice parameters of t-ZrO2 crystal lattice did not change up to 12 wt.% CaAl12O19, and the degree of tetragonality was 1.435. The degree of tetragonality decreased for the material with 15 wt.% CaAl12O19 and reached 1.420. The lattice parameters of CaAl12O19 decreased with increasing content. Platelet size increased with increasing calcium hexaaluminate content. For the materials containing up to 9 wt.% CaAl12O19, the average length of the platelets was 2 μm, the width was 0.4 μm, and the aspect ratio was 5. For the material with maximum calcium hexaaluminate content, the average length of the platelets was 4.2 μm, the width was 0.6 μm, and the aspect ratio was 7. With increasing CaAl12O19 content, the hardness decreased from 1700±25 to 1390±30 Hv, and the critical stress intensity factor increased by 34% to 6.7±0.3 MPa·m1/2.
Challenges in Management of Proximal Humerus Diaphyseal Fracture in a Patient with Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
Authors: Shah Maulin M. , Jain Meet , Ponugoti Godhasiri , Bansal Sheenam , Shah Shalin , Sangole Chinmay 
Published: October 2023

Case:
Two-and-a-half-month-old boy, a known case of brachial plexus birth injury, sustained proximal humeral diaphyseal fracture. Fracture healed in varus malunion and failed to remodel subsequently. Challenges were faced in the course of the management because of progression of the deformity. Finally, the fracture united after rigid internal fixation performed at 2.5 years.

Conclusion:
Neuromuscular imbalance can lead to angular deformity at fracture site and cause unpredictable remodeling, as in our case. Conservative management may fail to achieve union with satisfactory alignment. Rigid internal fixation should be considered in such cases to achieve union.
Gigaton Commercial-Scale Carbon Storage and Mineralization Potential in Stacked Columbia River Basalt Reservoirs
Authors: Cao Ruoshi , Miller Quin , Davidson Casie , Gallin William , Reidel Stephen , Jiao Zunsheng , McLaughlin Fred , Schaef Herbert 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We present a detailed supercritical CO2 storage resource estimation for the stacked interflow reservoirs in the Grande Ronde Basalt of the Columbia River Basalt Group. This study aims to parametrize subsurface, economic, and regulatory analyses needed to derisk and commercialize geologic carbon storage in continental flood basalts while leveraging rapid mineralization trapping of injected CO2 in basalt. The structural closures provide excellent physical traps to accommodate injected supercritical CO2 and allow for injection at supercritical conditions. We analyzed deep borehole well logs, structural maps, hydrologic test results, and numerical simulations to calculate carbon storage resource for our study area of SE Washington and NE Oregon. Hydrologic testing, well log, and reactive transport simulations from the Wallula Basalt Pilot #1 well provided data for 17 permeable injection zones separated by impermeable aquitards in the Grande Ronde Basalt. This investigation highlights a highly secure pathway to permanent geological CO2 storage for up to 181, 304, or 351 gigatons (P90, P50, and P10, respectively) in only a ~88,000 km2 study area, equivalent to more than 34 years of net U.S. carbon emission. We also discuss these results in the context of carbon mineralization in reactive basalt formations, permitting, commercialization, and storage security.
Association between Auricularia auricula-judae consumption and sarcopenia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Niu Kaijun , Li Jiaoyang , Wang Xuena , Meng Ge , Wu Hongmei , Gu Yeqing , Huang Jian , Huo Junsheng , Zhang Bing , Ding Gangqiang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Several studies have shown that Auricularia auricula-judae (AAJ) can reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. Although these factors are closely involved in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia, limited research has focused on the association between AAJconsumption and sarcopenia in the general population. We aimed to investigate the potential association between AAJ consumption and sarcopenia in the elderly general population.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIH) study, which included 4,034 participants aged 60 years or older. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 (AWGS 2019) criteria. AAJ consumption was assessed using a validated self-administered 100-item food frequency questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression model and Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was employed to examine the effect of AAJ consumption on sarcopenia.
Results: There were 548 (15.1%) sarcopenia cases. In males, after adjusting for confounding factors, the odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for sarcopenia decreased with increasing frequency of AAJ intake: 1.00 (reference) for almost never, 0.79 (0.53, 1.18) for ≤1 time/week, 0.62 (0.41, 0.93) for ≥2-3 times/week (P for trend=0.02). However, in females, no significant association between AAJ consumption and sarcopenia was identified. Similar results were also found in sarcopenia components.
Conclusions: Our findings suggested that AAJ consumption was inversely associated with the prevalence of sarcopenia in Chinese elderly males but not in elderly females. The exact mechanism underlying this association warrants further investigations.
Research on the Trends and Influencing Factors of Carbon Emission Reduction Efficiency in Cities Along the Yellow River in Shandong Province, China
Authors: Zhang Peng-Cheng , Zhang Yu-Tan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Improving the efficiency of carbon emission reduction is an important means to promote high quality economic growth of cities in Shandong Province along the Yellow River. Taking Shandong Coastal City as the research focus, the DEA-Malmquist carbon emission reduction efficiency evaluation model and index system were established to empirically analyze the dynamic characteristics of carbon emission reduction efficiency of Shandong Coastal City. Based on the statistical data of input-output index of carbon emission reduction efficiency of Shandong Coastal City from 2011 to 2020, Tobit model was used to analyze the influencing factors of carbon emission reduction efficiency from the aspects of economic development level, industrial structure, foreign direct investment, government influence and scientific and technological innovation input, and to dig out the social and economic behaviors supporting carbon emission reduction efficiency. The results show that: (1) the average Malmquist Index of carbon release reduction efficiency is 0.992 from 2011 to 2020, and the carbon release reduction efficiency shows a downward trend; From 2016 to 2020, the average Malmquist index of the cities along the Yellow River is 1.047, showing an upward trend. The Malmquist Index of Jining, Tai'an and Dezhou have an average value of less than 1, so there is a lack of carbon reduction efficiency. Binzhou, Zibo and Dongying all have an average Malmquist index of more than one, which is more efficient at reducing carbon releases. (2) the secondary sector of the economy output value and general public budget expenditure have a positive and significant impact on the carbon release reduction efficiency of the cities along the Yellow River, while the per capita GDP and the actual use of foreign capital have a significant and negative impact. In view of this, it is suggested that the cities along the Yellow River should formulate appropriate regional differentiated release reduction strategies according to their specific conditions, so as to promote the coordinated development of economic development and environmental protection, it is proposed to increase general public budget expenditure, promote structural adjustment and upgrading of the secondary sector of the economy, and give full play to inter-city interaction and coordination functions, so as to provide intellectual support for environmental governance and economic growth in the Yellow River basin.
Adjuvant-dependent effects on the safety and efficacy of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during heterologous infection by a SARS-related coronavirus
Authors: Heise Mark , Dillard Jacob , Taft-Benz Sharon , Knight Audrey , Anderson Elizabeth , Pressey Katia , Parotti Breantié , Martinez Sabian , Diaz Jennifer , Sarkar Sanjay , Madden Emily , Cruz Gabriela De la , Adams Lily , III Kenneth Dinnon , Leist Sarah , Martinez David , Schaefer Alexandra , Powers John , Yount Boyd , Castillo Izabella , Morales Noah , Burdick Jane , Evangelista Mia Katrina , Ralph Lauren , Pankow Nicholas , Linnertz Colton , Lakshmanane Prem , Montgomery Stephanie , Ferris Martin , Baric Ralph , Baxter Victoria 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Inactivated whole virus SARS-CoV-2 vaccines adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide (Alum) are among the most widely used COVID-19 vaccines globally and have been critical to the COVID-19 pandemic response. Although these vaccines are protective against homologous virus infection in healthy recipients, the emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants and the presence of large zoonotic reservoirs provide significant opportunities for vaccine breakthrough, which raises the risk of adverse outcomes including vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD). To evaluate this possibility, we tested the performance of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (iCoV2) in combination with Alum against either homologous or heterologous coronavirus challenge in a mouse model of coronavirus-induced pulmonary disease. Consistent with human results, iCoV2 + Alum protected against homologous challenge. However, challenge with a heterologous SARS-related coronavirus, Rs-SHC014-CoV (SHC014), up to at least 10 months post-vaccination, resulted in VAERD in iCoV2 + Alum-vaccinated animals, characterized by pulmonary eosinophilic infiltrates, enhanced pulmonary pathology, delayed viral clearance, and decreased pulmonary function. In contrast, vaccination with iCoV2 in combination with an alternative adjuvant (RIBI) did not induce VAERD and promoted enhanced SHC014 clearance. Further characterization of iCoV2 + Alum-induced immunity suggested that CD4+ T cells were a major driver of VAERD, and these responses were partially reversed by re-boosting with recombinant Spike protein + RIBI adjuvant. These results highlight potential risks associated with vaccine breakthrough in recipients of Alum-adjuvanted inactivated vaccines and provide important insights into factors affecting both the safety and efficacy of coronavirus vaccines in the face of heterologous virus infections.
Stability Analysis of Linear Time-Varying System via Adjustable Parameter-Based Functions
Authors: Xue Wenlong , Gao Yanfang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In recent years, researchers have focused on investigating the slack matrices-based function using appropriate polynomials. This approach has proven to be valuable in deriving tractable stability conditions expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. However, an open problem remains in addressing the inherent complexity of slack matrices, which has not been adequately considered thus far. To address this issue, a new approach is proposed in this paper, which involves the use of adjustable parameter-based functions (APFs) constructed using flexible polynomials. The introduction of APFs allows for the relaxation of not only the complex dimensions of slack matrices but also higher order time delays and zero components that exist in previous works. By leveraging APFs, two representative stability criteria are derived for linear delay systems. These stability conditions offer flexibility in selecting various permutations and combinations of flexible vectors within the APFs. The paper provides two illustrative examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.