bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autoimmune encephalitis in a resource-limited public health setting: a case series analysis
Authors: Morillos Matheus Bernardon , Borelli Wyllians Vendramini , Noll Giovani , Piccini Cristian Daniel , Leite Martim Bravo , Finkelsztejn Alessandro , Bianchin Marino Muxfeldt , Castilhos Raphael Machado , Torres Carolina Machado 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) consists of a group of acquired diseases that affect the central nervous system. A myriad of phenotypes may be present at the onset. Due to the heterogeneity of clinical presentations, it is difficult to achieve uniformity for the diagnostic and therapeutic processes and follow-up strategies.
Objective To describe a series of patients diagnosed with AE in a resource-limited public hospital in southern Brazil and to analyze therapeutics and outcomes.
Methods We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of patients diagnosed with AE at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre from 2014 to 2022. Data collected included clinical presentation, neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid testings, electroencephalogram, autoantibodies, treatments, outcomes, follow-up time, degree of neurological impairment, and mortality.
Results Data from 17 patients were retrieved. Eleven cases were classified as definite AE and 6 as possible AE. Autoantibodies were identified in 9 patients. Timing for diagnosis was impacted by the high costs associated with autoantibody testing. Most patients became functionally dependent (82.4%) and most survivors remained with autoimmune-associated epilepsy (75%). Five patients died during hospitalization, and one after a 26-month of follow-up.
Conclusion In this resource-limited hospital, patients with AE had a worse clinical outcome than that previously described in the literature. Development of epilepsy during follow-up and mortality were greater, whilst functional outcome was inferior. Autoantibody testing was initially denied in most patients, which impacted the definitive diagnosis and the use of second-line therapies.
The excitation of high-order localized waves in (3+1)-dimensional Kudryashov-Sinelshchikov equation
Authors: Li Longxing , Cheng Bitao , Dai Zhengde 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The aim of this work is to explore the excitation of high-order localized waves in the (3+1)-dimensional Kudryashov-Sinelshchikov equation, which is used to describe the dynamic of liquid with gas bubble. First of all, classical N-soliton solutions are constructed by means of Hirota bilinear form and symbolic calculation. What’s more, the high-order breather waves are derived through the degeneration process of the N-soliton solutions with conjugate parameter. Then, high-order lump waves are constructed by taking long wave limit technique on N-soliton solutions. Finally, the high-order mixed localized waves involving resonant Y-type solitons, high-order breather waves and high-order lump waves are obtained by utilizing some comprehensive methods. Abundant dynamical and evolutionary behaviors of these results are investigated specifically, some figures are presented to shed light on the nonlinear phenomena hidden in the high-order localized waves vividly.
Reflection and scattering of long-range surface plasmon-polaritons on boundary of free half-space
Authors: Morozov Yuri A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We study the long-range surface plasmon-polariton (LRSPP) propagating along a thin metal film embedded in a homogeneous semi-infinite medium. The reflection and scattering of the LRSPP by the end face of the film at the boundary of free half-space are discussed. We apply the self-consistent electromagnetic approach using the expansion of the plasmon and scattered fields by the eigenfunctions of the structure. The Fredholm integral equation of the first kind appearing in the model has been solved with using the variational Ritz-Galerkin procedure. It is shown that the LRSPP reflection coefficient can be approximated by the Fresnel formula of reflection for normal incidence of a plane TEM wave. The power of the back-scattered radiation is predicted to be a considerable part (tens of percents) of the reflected LRSPP power. We discuss the far-field patterns of both the back- and forward-scattered radiation. It is shown that the back-scattered radiation form two narrow lobes directed symmetrically with regard to the metal film plane. The radiation scattered in the forward direction is presented by the one-lobe far-field pattern; decreasing the metal layer thickness results in the narrower lobe of the forward-scattered radiation.
Transport and diffusion of active Brownian particles in a new asymmetric bistable system driven by two Gaussian colored noises
Authors: Zhuo Xiao-Jing , Guo Yong-Feng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The transport phenomena (drift and diffusion) of active Brownian particles in a new asymmetric bistable system with a linear bias force and a nonlinear bias force subjected to two colored noises are investigated. Two different biases break the symmetry of the potential to generate motion of the particle with a net velocity. Theoretical analysis of the system is given by virtue of the Langevin equation and the Fokker-Planck methods, which is verified by numerical simulation. The results show that: (i) coexistence of the linear bias and nonlinear bias is capable of tuning the transport of the particle, including current reversal, absolute negative mobility, directional transport; (ii) in the absence of linear bias F, the mean velocity is negative for positive nonlinear bias r but positive for negative r, that is, the nonlinear bias leads to absolute negative mobility. In the absence of nonlinear bias r, the mean velocity is positive for positive linear bias F and negative for negative F; (iii) as the absolute values of the linear bias and nonlinear bias increase, the mean velocity is promoted but the effective diffusion is suppressed; (iv) the enhancement of the multiplicative and additive noise intensities can suppress the transport and effective diffusion; and (v) the transport velocity and diffusion are facilitated with increasing the auto-correlation times of two colored noises. Furthermore, the physical mechanism for the particle’s transport is derived from the velocity distributions and the effective velocity potential gap of the above results.
A representation of sup-completion
Authors: Polavarapu Achintya , Troitsky Vladimir 
Published: February 2024

It was showed by Donner in [Extension of positive operators and Korovkin theorems, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 904, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-New York, 1982] that every order complete vector lattice

X
X

may be embedded into a cone

X
s

X^s

, called the sup-completion of

X
X

. We show that if one represents the universal completion of

X
X

as

C
∞

(
K
)

C^\infty (K)

, then

X
s

X^s

is the set of all continuous functions from

K
K

to

[
−
∞
,
∞
]

[-\infty ,\infty ]

that dominate some element of

X
X

. This provides a functional representation of

X
s

X^s

, as well as an easy alternative proof of its existence.
Managing the Flow of Talk: A Longitudinal Case Study of the Multiword Expression det er sant in L2 Norwegian Interactions
Authors: Horbowicz Paulina , Nordanger Marte 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Drawing on recent scholarship integrating usage-based linguistics (UBL) and conversation analysis (CA) in the investigation of second language development, this paper reports on a microanalysis tracing one adult learner’s recurring, increasingly frequent, and diverse use of the multiword expression det er sant (it/that is true) (DES) in L2 Norwegian interactions over a time span of four months. While the use of DES did not undergo syntactic changes, the analysis revealed that the functions of the expression diversified as DES became more frequent in use. Initially functioning primarily as a means of expressing agreement, DES was increasingly used to preface disagreement and indicate the closing of self-initiated repair sequences. This functional diversification was accompanied by increasing morphophonological reduction indicating an ongoing process of routinization. We argue that these changes, also when non-linear and not complying with the target norm, allowed the learner to participate more actively in managing the flow of talk. The study provides insight into how interaction shapes L2 development and the role of education in providing access to situations that foster increased membership in the speech community.
493 - Lebrikizumab does not impact vaccine-induced immune responses: results from a phase 3 study in adult patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Soung Jennifer , Laquer Vivian , Merola Joseph F , Forman Seth , Elmaraghy Hany , Meskimen Eric , Hu Chaoran , Natalie Chitra R , Pierce Evangeline , Torisu-Itakura Hitoe , Gil Esther Garcia , Jarell Abel D 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Lebrikizumab (LEB) is a monoclonal antibody (Ab) that has shown efficacy and safety in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in Phase 2/3 trials. LEB targets IL-13 and inhibits signaling of the IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1 complex. The potential immunomodulator effect of LEB necessitates investigating its impact on immune responses.

Objectives
To report the seroresponses to the Tdap (Diphtheria/Tetanus Toxoids/Pertussis) and MCV (Meningococcal (Groups A, C, Y, and W-135)) vaccines in LEB-treated and placebo (PBO)-treated adult patients (aged 18-15 years) with moderate-to-severe AD; and to compare the efficacy of LEB vs PBO in the treatment of AD.

Methods
ADopt-VA was a US Phase 3, 16-week (W) randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess LEB impact on vaccine immune responses in adult patients with moderate-to-severe AD. The primary endpoint was the immune response to 2 vaccines, the Tdap and MCV . LEB was given as a 500 mg loading dose at baseline and W2, followed by 250 mg LEB Q2W. At W12, both vaccines (Tdap and MCV) were administered to all patients, LEB group N=107, Placebo (PBO) group N=81. Immune responses were determined by Ab level differences between W12 and W16. Secondary efficacy endpoints at W16 were Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) and Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI 75) scores.

Results
For Tdap, 73.6% of LEB patients had a positive Ab response vs 73.4% for PBO, 90% CI, 0.3 (-10.2, 11.2). For MCV, LEB patients had an 86.9% positive Ab response vs 75.0% for PBO, 90% CI, 12.2 (2.5, 22.0). IGA (0,1) was achieved by 40.6% of LEB patients vs 18.9% receiving PBO (p=&lt;0.001); EASI 75 was achieved by 58.0% and 32.7% (p&lt;0.001), respectively. The safety profile was consistent with previous LEB trials.

Conclusions
These data show that LEB does not negatively impact immune responses for Tdap or MCV vaccines in adults with moderate-to-severe AD.
502 - Efficacy and safety of upadacitinib through 140 weeks in adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: phase 3 randomized clinical trial results
Authors: Silverberg Jonathan I , Guttman-Yassky Emma , Simpson Eric L , Papp Kim A , Blauvelt Andrew , Chu Chia-Yu , Hong H Chih-ho , Stein Gold Linda F , Bieber Thomas , Kabashima Kenji , Rosmarin David , Gamelli Amy , Calimlim Brian , Vigna Namita , Hu Xiaofei , Yang Yang , Wu Xiaoqiang , Huang Xiaohong , Suravaram Smitha , Teixeira Henrique D , Raymundo Eliza , Irvine Alan D 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives
Upadacitinib (UPA) is an oral Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor approved in multiple countries for the treatment of adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Here, we present the efficacy and safety of UPA administered over 140 weeks in an ongoing randomized, double-blinded, multicenter phase 3 study (Measure Up 1, NCT03569293).

Materials & Methods
Patients (12–75 years) with moderate-to-severe AD were randomized 1:1:1 to receive UPA 15 mg (UPA15), UPA 30 mg (UPA30), or placebo (PBO) once daily at baseline. At week 16, PBO-treated patients were re-randomized 1:1 to receive UPA15 (PBO/UPA15) or UPA30 (PBO/UPA30) once daily. Co-primary endpoints were the proportion of patients achieving ≥75% reduction in EASI (EASI 75) from baseline and vIGA-AD of clear (0) or almost clear (1) with ≥2 grades of reduction from baseline (vIGA-AD 0/1) at week 16. A meaningful improvement in itch, defined as a ≥4-point reduction in Worst Pruritus Numeric Rating Scale (ΔWP-NRS≥4), was assessed among patients with baseline WP-NRS≥4. All efficacy endpoints were summarized using the Observed Cases (OC) approach, and no missing data imputation was applied. Safety was assessed by monitoring of serious adverse events (SAEs), treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), and treatment-emergent adverse events of special interest (AESI), which were analysed as exposure-adjusted rates per 100 patient-years (PY).

Results
Efficacy results were sustained up to week 140 since week 16. Proportions of patients in the UPA15 (205), UPA30 (206), PBO/UPA15 (91), and PBO/UPA30 (94) groups achieving EASI 75 at week 140 were 88.8% (182), 90.3% (186), 83.5% (76), and 89.4% (84), respectively, and for vIGA-AD 0/1 was 63.4% (130), 65.5% (135), 60.4% (55), and 75.5% (71), respectively. Proportions of patients achieving an improvement (reduction) in WP-NRS≥4 from baseline at week 140 were 68.0% (136), 70.5% (146), 71.3% (62), and 81.3% (74) respectively. Overall, the rates of AESIs were similar across treatment groups, which aligned with prior reports at earlier time points. Both UPA15 and UPA30 were well-tolerated in all patients, and no new safety signals were observed compared to the known safety profile of UPA. Data from two additional pivotal studies will be available at the time of presentation.

Conclusion
In this interim analysis, sustained skin clearance and itch and a consistent safety profile were observed with UPA 15 mg and UPA 30 mg across 140 weeks in adolescent and adult patients with moderate-to-severe AD.
503 - Visualizing 3-year treatment outcome trajectories of dupilumab in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in real world practice
Authors: Wang Zhixiao , Martins Bruno , Ardeleanu Marius , Yang Min , Bégo-Le-Bagousse Gaëlle , Sierka Debra , Strober Bruce 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with high global prevalence and profound negative impact on the quality of life of children and adults. RELIEVE-AD, a prospective, longitudinal cohort study, included adults with moderate-to-severe AD who initiated dupilumab in real-world clinical practice. Results from RELIEVE-AD showed significant improvements in patient-reported disease control, quality of life, and treatment satisfaction in the overall study population that were sustained through 3 years of dupilumab treatment.

Objective
To report on response to dupilumab treatment over time at the individual patient-level in adults with moderate-to-­severe AD, using 3-year data from RELIEVE-AD.

Methods
RELIEVE-AD is a single-arm, prospective, observational study of adults with moderate-to-severe AD prescribed dupilumab and enrolled in the US dupilumab patient support program, who agreed to participate in online surveys at baseline and Months 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 30–36. Post hoc analysis of the RELIEVE-AD 3yr data, describing changes from baseline through all post-dupilumab initiation time points at individual patient level, using Sankey plots to assess variability of individual patient response over time for the following patient-reported outcomes: Atopic Dermatitis Control Tool (ADCT) total score-based disease control status, AD-related health status, and AD treatment satisfaction.

Results
Of 698 patients who completed the baseline survey, 425 completed the Months 30–36 survey. Disease control (as measured by the ADCT) increased rapidly from 5.9% at baseline to 61.0% at Month 1, further increasing to 80.7% at Months 30–36. Patients reported improved AD-related health status at Month 30–36, with 70.9% reporting “Excellent” or “Very Good”, compared to 2.8% at baseline. At Months 30–36, 86.8% of patients reported being “Extremely Satisfied/Very Satisfied/Somewhat Satisfied” with their AD treatment, compared to 17.7% at baseline. All endpoints were significant vs baseline (P &lt; 0.001). Sankey plots of the three outcomes indicated that the majority of patients maintained response over time after achieving the initial response.

Conclusion
The majority of patients who completed the survey reported benefits of dupilumab, such as AD control, treatment satisfaction, and health status, which remained stable or significantly improved during long-term treatment up to 36 months.
552 - Improvement of the head and neck regions with continuous tralokinumab treatment for up to 4 years in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Chovatiya Raj , Wollenberg Andreas , Ribero Simone , Saeki Hidehisa , Øland Christian B , Steffensen Louise A , Tindberg Ann-Marie , Thyssen Jacob P , Blauvelt Andrew 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory disease that can affect multiple regions of the body, but can be particularly burdensome on exposed areas of skin, such as the head and neck (H&N).Tralokinumab, a high-affinity monoclonal antibody that specifically neutralizes interleukin-13, is approved in multiple countries for adults with moderate-to-severe AD. Phase 3 trials showed tralokinumab provided significant improvements in AD severity and was well-tolerated up to 52 weeks of treatment. The ongoing open-label, 5-year extension trial, ECZTEND (NCT03587805), assesses the safety and efficacy of tralokinumab after the completion of parent trials (PT).

Objective
To assess tralokinumab efficacy in the head and neck region.

Methods
This post hoc analysis included adult patients with moderate-to-severe AD initially randomized to tralokinumab 300mg Q2W in the phase 3 PTs ECZTRA 1 (NCT03131648) or ECZTRA 2 (NCT03160885). Patients on active tralokinumab treatment were followed for up to 52 weeks in PTs and for up to 152 weeks in ECZTEND as of data cutoff April 30, 2022. Patients re-randomized to placebo at Week (Wk) 16 were not included beyond that timepoint. For this analysis, overall EASI and H&N regional EASI (H&N EASI) were evaluated. H&N EASI (0-7.2) was calculated based on the severity of erythema, induration/papulation, excoriation, lichenification and area of involvement. All data were analyzed and presented as observed.

Results
At baseline, 87.8% (1047/1192) of patients had H&N involvement (H&N EASI&gt;1), and 49.9% (591/1192) of patients exhibited severe AD (IGA 4). Baseline median H&N EASI for the pooled PTs was 3.0 (IQR 1.8; 4.5). In the pooled PTs, 48.2% (542/1125) and 71.2% (558/784) of patients achieved H&N EASI≤1, at Wk16 and Wk52, respectively. After 3 years additional treatment (Wk152 in ECZTEND), the proportion of patients with H&N EASI≤1 was 87.2% (232/266) and the median H&N EASI was 0.2 (IQR 0.0; 0.5). In the subgroup of patients (n=301) with severe AD (IGA 4) and high H&N involvement (H&N EASI≥4), median H&N EASI improved from 5.4 at baseline to 2.4 and 0.8 at Wk16 and Wk52, respectively, and 0.4 at Wk152. Improvements in H&N region were comparable to overall EASI improvement.

Conclusions
Tralokinumab provided sustained improvements in the H&N regions in patients with moderate-to-severe AD for up to 4 years. Sustained improvements were also seen in patients with severe disease and substantial H&N involvement at baseline.
543 - Early repigmentation of stable vitiligo through point-of-care melanocyte transfer using non-cultured autologous skin cell suspension
Authors: Girish Munavalli 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting skin condition characterized by the loss of skin pigmentation, impacting 0.5% to 2% of the global population.1–3 Vitiligo presents as distinct depigmented patches resulting from autoimmune melanocyte destruction. Individuals with visual vitiligo lesions often experience negative body image, diminished self-confidence, discomfort, and overall lower quality of life (QoL).4 While there are medical treatment options available, these can be associated with poor efficacy and low medication compliance.4 Residual lesions after treatment may require surgical intervention which allows for melanocyte transplantation from an area that is pigmented to one that is lacking functional melanocytes. Through a point-of-care device, a non-cultured autologous skin cell suspension (ACSC) can be prepared using a small skin sample; the ASCS contains healthy melanocytes and is immediately applied onto skin treated with ablative laser to aid in the repigmentation of affected areas.

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the one-time application of ASCS, with a 1:20 donor to treatment site expansion ratio, for the safe and effective repigmentation of stable vitiligo lesions.

Methods
A randomized, within-subject controlled, central observer-blinded study was conducted to compare the clinical performance of laser ablation, ASCS, and NB-UVB to NB-UVB alone for repigmentation of stable vitiligo lesions in adults. Subjects received NB-UVB phototherapy on both ASCS-treated and controlled lesions as per recommended by the Vitiligo Working Group. Repigmentation of ASCS-treated and control lesions were categorized by a Central Review Committee (CRC) of blinded dermatologists as one of the following: 0%-25%, 26%-50%, 51%-79%, or 80-100%. The primary effectiveness endpoint was defined as the proportion of lesions achieving ≥80% repigmentation for ASCS-treated versus control areas at Week 24. Early regimentation was assessed at Weeks 4 and 12 as a post hoc analysis.

Results
A significantly higher proportion of the ASCS-treated areas (36.0%, n = 9) compared to control-treated areas (0.0%) attained ≥80% repigmentation at Week 24 (P = 0.012). At Week 4, 30.4% (n = 7/23) of ASCS-treated areas had ≥26% repigmentation compared to 4.3% (n = 1/23) in the control areas. At Week 12, 56.5% (n = 13/23) of ASCS-treated areas had ≥26% repigmentation compared to 21.7% (n = 5/23) in the control areas. At Week 24, 64% (n = 16/25) of ASCS-treated areas had ≥26% repigmentation compared to 28% (n = 7/25) in the control areas.

Conclusion
A one-time treatment of ASCS, with the addition of NB-UVB, can result in excellent repigmentation results by 24 weeks, with most subjects seeing ≥26% repigmentation as early as 4 to 12 weeks.
Synthesis and optical properties of dithieno-1,4-thiaborins bearing electron-donating amino groups
Authors: Agou Tomohiro , Hayama Shota , Takano Naoya , Yamada Shigeyuki , Konno Tsutomu , Oshiki Toshiyuki , Komatsuzaki Hidehito , Fukumoto Hiroki 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Dibenzo-1,4-heteraborins and their π-extended derivatives have been paid increased attention to because of their potential as optical and electronic functional materials such as organic electroluminescence emitters. However, 1,4-heteraborin compounds with heteroaromatic ring systems remain scarce, even though Liu et al. recently reported the synthesis, properties, and functionalization of dithieno-1,4-thiaborins (DTTBs). In this work, DTTBs with 10H-phenothiazine-10-yl (Pz), 9H-carbazol-9-yl (Cz), and p-(Ph2N)C6H4 groups as electron-donating amino groups at the α-positions of their thiophene moieties were synthesized using palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed the molecular structure of a DTTB substituted with Pz groups. This analysis showed that the 2 Pz moieties adopted extra (quasi-axial) conformations. The Cz- and p-(Ph2N)C6H4-substituted DTTBs showed red-shifted absorption and emission when compared to the original DTTBs. This shift is due to donor–acceptor interactions between the amino groups and the DTTB cores. The Pz-substituted DTTB exhibited dual fluorescence emissions, originating from the locally excited (LE) and twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) states. The intensity and nature of these emissions varied based on solvent polarity, temperature, and viscosity, suggesting the potential of the Pz-substituted DTTB to act as a fluorescent environment sensor.