bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On‐line motion blending for real‐time locomotion generation
Authors: Park Sang Il , Shin Hyun Joon , Kim Tae Hoon , Shin Sung Yong 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we present an integrated framework of on‐line motion blending for locomotion generation. We first provide a novel scheme for incremental timewarping, which always guarantees that the time goes forward. Combining the idea of motion blending with that of posture rearrangement, we introduce a motion transition graph to address on‐line motion blending and transition simultaneously. Guided by a stream of motion specifications, our motion synthesis scheme moves from node to node in an on‐line manner while blending a motion at a node and generating a transition motion at an edge. For smooth on‐line motion transition, we also attach a set of example transition motions to an edge. To represent similar postures consistently, we exploit the inter‐frame coherency embedded in the input motion specification. Finally, we provide a comprehensive solution to on‐line motion retargeting by integrating existing techniques. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tai Chi synthesizer: a motion synthesis framework based on key‐postures and motion instructions
Authors: Chao Shih‐Pin , Chiu Chih‐Yi , Yang Shi‐Nine , Lin Tsang‐Gang 
Published: June 2004

AbstractHuman spontaneous motions such as walking and runing are seldom described in detail. However, some well designed motions such as conditioning and rehabilitation exercises are usually described in detail and edited into exercise manuals for training purpose. This paper presents a novel framework for synthesizing new motions based on given motion manuals and corresponding motion capture examples. First, using text analysis method, a set of basic motion texts is extracted from exercise manuals and converted into text normal form. Then we introduce an annotation method to build the mapping table between basic motion texts and their corresponding motion clips in the given examples. To facilitate the search for proper motion clips, a multi‐dimensional index structure based on posture parameters is proposed. Then a new motion with given textual description can be synthesized by converting the description sentences into a sequence of text normal forms and then concatenating the corresponding motion clips to form the desired motion. Moreover, to realize the smooth concatenation, we show that it can be achieved by finding an appropriate path in the proposed multi‐dimensional index space. Several experimental examples are given to demonstrate the proposed method is effective in synthesizing desired motions according to given descriptions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Editing noise
Authors: Yoon Jong‐Chul , Lee In‐Kwon , Choi Jung‐Ju 
Published: June 2004

AbstractNoise is used to create realistic animations that look like natural phenomena as well as procedural textures and shapes by adding randomness to graphical applications. In this paper, we suggest a method to edit noise values to satisfy the constraints that reflect the user's demands while maintaining the inherent statistical features of the noise function. Noise editing uses optimization to minimize the difference between the statistical characteristics of the ideal and edited versions of a noise source. Using our editing method, detailed control of animation and shape data that include noise is possible. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavior development through task oriented discourse
Authors: Lee John R. , Williams Andrew B. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAs digital human animation and simulation systems are coming into widespread use, scenario designers and digital animators must introduce specific tasks, procedures and animation sequences into a digital human's repertoire of capabilities. The parameterized action representation (PAR) architecture allows the animator to introduce dynamic behaviors through natural language instructions. However, this architecture lacks any natural language feedback which would allow the animator to deal with inconsistencies, incompleteness and conflicts within the behavior. In this paper we introduce an extension to a typical PAR architecture that provides that natural language feedback mechanism and define a set of task oriented discourses (TOD) that allow this mechanism to be used in synthesizing and managing behaviors. We demonstrate our behavior development techniques in two applications. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time interactive volumetric animation of the heart's electrical cycle from automatically synchronized ECG
Authors: Ryan John , O'Sullivan Carol , Bell Christopher 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe present a novel method for representing the electrical depolarisation and repolarisation of cardiac cells using real‐time volumetric animation techniques. The visual representation coincides with automatically synchronized electrocardiogram (ECG) input. Whilst other projects in similar fields use super‐computers or vastly complex cellular structures, one of the aims of this project is to simplify the process for real‐time optimization. The current techniques are being used in a teaching tool and also are being implemented in a myocardial infarction diagnostic tool. Cellular automata are used to demonstrate the electrical progression with a multi‐pass nearest‐neighbour algorithm and automatic ECG recognition and detection algorithms are used to synchronize the animation with the inputted ECG. We use texture‐based slices to represent the myocardial volume to improve speed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A design and analysis strategy for situations with uncontrolled raw material variation
Authors: Jørgensen Kjetil , Næs Tormod 
Published: June 2004

AbstractTo be able to control an industrial process, it is necessary to know the relationship between raw materials, process settings and end‐product results. In many situations the raw materials are highly complex and difficult to vary in a systematic way. This makes the use of standard experimental design techniques with a systematic variation in the variables difficult. To solve this, one might measure the raw materials at hand, but then the problem is to know what to measure. In this paper we present a general approach for such situations based on an experimental design in factors that are possible to control, a set up of raw material in blocks in combination with multivariate measurements (using FT‐IR) of the raw material. To analyse the results, we include these measurements as principal components of the spectra. The usefulness of the approach is demonstrated with an example from cheese production. It is shown that it is possible to obtain a model for the amount of ‘cheese fines’ (a yield loss parameter) based on this approach. The final model contains readily measurable information about the raw materials but is obtained without any prior hypothesis about their contribution. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A variable selection strategy for supervised classification with continuous spectroscopic data
Authors: Indahl Ulf , Næs Tormod 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn this paper we present a new variable selection method designed for classification problems where the X data are discretely sampled from continuous curves. For such data the loading weight vectors of a PLS discriminant analysis inherit the continuous behaviour, making the idea of local peaks meaningful. For successive components the local peaks are checked for importance before entering the set of selected variables. Our examples with NIR/NIT show that substantial simplification of the X space can be obtained without loss of classification power when compared with ‘benchmark full‐spectrum’ methods. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some theoretical properties of the O‐PLS method
Authors: Verron Thomas , Sabatier Robert , Joffre Richard 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to present new properties of the orthogonal projections to latent structures (O‐PLS) method developed by Trygg and Wold (J. Chemometrics 2002; 16: 119–128). The original orthogonal signal correction (OSC) filter of Wold et al. (Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. 1998; 44: 175–185) removes systematic variation from X that is unrelated to Y. O‐PLS is a more restrictive OSC filter. O‐PLS removes only systematic variation in X explained in each PLS component that is not correlated with Y. O‐PLS is a slight modification of the NIPALS PLS algorithm, which should make O‐PLS a generally applicable preprocessing and filtering method. The computation of the O‐PLS components under the constraint of being correlated with one PLS component imposes particular properties on the space spanned by the O‐PLS components. This paper is divided into two main sections. First we give an application of O‐PLS on near‐infrared reflectance spectra of soil samples, showing some graphical properties. Then we give the mathematical justifications of these properties. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Process monitoring for continuous process with periodic characteristics
Authors: Pan Yangdong , Yoo ChangKyoo , Lee Jay H. , Lee In‐Beum 
Published: June 2004

AbstractApplication of conventional statistical monitoring methods to periodic processes can result in frequent false alarms and/or missed faults due to the non‐stationary behavior seen over a period. To address this problem, we propose to identify and use a stochastic state space model that describes the statistical behavior of changes occurring from period to period. This model, when retooled as a periodically time‐varying model, can be used for on‐line monitoring and estimation with the aid of a Kalman filter. The same model can also be used for inferential estimation of the variables that are difficult or slow to measure on‐line. The proposed approach is applied to a simulation benchmark of a waste water treatment process, which exhibits strong diurnal changes in the feed stream, and is compared against the principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) methods. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calculation of PLS prediction intervals using efficient recursive relations for the Jacobian matrix
Authors: Serneels Sven , Lemberge Pascal , Van Espen Pierre J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSeveral algorithms to calculate the vector of regression coefficients and the Jacobian matrix for partial least squares regression have been published. Whereas many efficient algorithms to calculate the regression coefficients exist, algorithms to calculate the Jacobian matrix are inefficient. Here we introduce a new, efficient algorithm for the Jacobian matrix, thus making the calculation of prediction intervals via a local linearization of the PLS estimator more practicable. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On‐line batch fermentation process monitoring (NIR)—introducing ‘biological process time’
Authors: Jørgensen Pia , Pedersen Joan Grønkjær , Jensen Ejner Paaske , Esbensen Kim H. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractOn‐line near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy enables detailed monitoring of many important types of industrial fermentation processes to document progress and to ensure comparable end‐product quality. In this work a newly developed modification of multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) charts based on on‐line NIR allows easy and efficient identification of abnormal fermentation runs, even at an early stage of the fermentation, which is critical for industrial production monitoring. This study especially focuses on alignment of cultivations through usage of three different time concepts: absolute time, relative time and ‘biological process time’. For the investigated batch fermentation the absolute time concept for alignment is not acceptable. Using the relative time concept or the ‘biological process time’ concept gave similar possibilities for early warning of abnormal batch runs for completed runs. For on‐line use, however, the relative time concept cannot be used, which is the reason for our development and introduction of a new ‘biological process time’ concept. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Properties of prediction sorting
Authors: Berget Ingunn , Næs Tormod 
Published: June 2004

AbstractOne of the major sources of unwanted variation in an industrial process is the raw material quality. However, if the raw materials are sorted into more homogeneous groups before production, each group can be treated differently. In this way the raw materials can be better utilized and the stability of the end product may be improved. Prediction sorting is a methodology for doing this. The procedure is founded on the fuzzy c‐means algorithm where the distance in the objective function is based on the predicted end product quality. Usually empirical models such as linear regression are used for predicting the end product quality. By using simulations and bootstrapping, this paper investigates how the uncertainties connected with empirical models affect the optimization of the splitting and the corresponding process variables. The results indicate that the practical consequences of uncertainties in regression coefficients are small. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using unclassified observations for improving classifiers
Authors: Berget Ingunn , Næs Tormod 
Published: June 2004

AbstractMethodologies for updating a classifier using unclassified observations are discussed. The focus is on classifiers based on linear or quadratic discriminant analysis. A semi‐supervised clustering based on the Gustafson–Kessel algorithm for fuzzy clustering is carried out for all data, both classified and unclassified observations. The resulting fuzzy means and covariance matrices are used to update the classifier. It has formerly been shown that this methodology can reduce the misclassification rate. In this paper a modified approach is suggested for situations with errors in the data for the unclassified objects. To handle such situations, a noise cluster is introduced in the cluster analysis, and dubious points are allocated to this cluster. The proposed modifications are tested on simulated data. The results indicate that the misclassification rates are lower than or at the same level as with the original updating procedure. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monte Carlo cross‐validation for selecting a model and estimating the prediction error in multivariate calibration
Authors: Xu Qing‐Song , Liang Yi‐Zeng , Du Yi‐Ping 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA new simple and effective method named Monte Carlo cross validation (MCCV) has been introduced and evaluated for selecting a model and estimating the prediction ability of the model selected. Unlike the leave‐one‐out procedure widely used in chemometrics for cross‐validation (CV), the Monte Carlo cross‐validation developed in this paper is an asymptotically consistent method of model selection. It can avoid an unnecessarily large model and therefore decreases the risk of overfitting of the model. The results obtained from a simulation study showed that MCCV has an obviously larger probability than leave‐one‐out CV (LOO‐CV) of selecting the model with best prediction ability and that a corrected MCCV (CMCCV) could give a more accurate estimation of prediction ability than LOO‐CV or MCCV. The results obtained with real data sets demonstrated that MCCV could successfully select an appropriate model and that CMCCV could assess the prediction ability of the selected model with satisfactory accuracy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulations and Large‐Angle X‐ray Scattering (LAXS) Studies of the Solid‐State Structure and Assembly of Isotactic (R)‐Poly(2,2′‐dioxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐)phosphazene in the Bulk State and in the Cast Film
Authors: Carriedo Gabino A. , Alonso Francisco J. García , Alvarez José L. García , Lombardo Giuseppe M. , Pappalardo Giuseppe C. , Punzo Francesco 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe intrachain conformation, molecular structure and interchain assembly of isotactic (R)‐poly(2,2′‐dioxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl)phosphazene (P‐DBNP) both in the bulk state (I) and in the cast film (II) were studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of models, as implemented by a bias potential for the analysis of the radial distribution function (RDF) obtained from large‐angle X‐ray scattering (LAXS) data. The microscopic structure and order extension of the polymer changed from I to II, as qualitatively shown in the shapes of their experimentally measured RDF curves. With the use of a bias potential, the MD simulations provided a much more accurate analysis of the models, as seen in the reproduction of the RDFs. The chiral P‐DBNP chain was found to be consistent with helix conformations in both the I and the II samples. The predominant interchain clustering motif was best reproduced with a seven‐chain model. In the case of I, the maximum chain length was 18 monomeric R2NP units, while in the case of the cast film II the chain was more elongated, up to distances of approximately 100 Å, equivalent to over 48 monomeric R2NP units. The seven‐chain assembly was accounted for in terms of nonbonded interactions favouring the minimum voids area between the seven tubular structures of the material. The results validate our earlier finding that MD analysis with implementation of a biasing potential for the RDFs can provide quantitative information on the structural and conformational features of amorphous solids. The combined theoretical and experimental approach was found to be a useful tool to detect, locate and evaluate the intra‐ and intermolecular modifications of materials subsequent to their phase transformation and, as in the present case, changes in their microscopic structures or preparation methods.
Rationally Functionalized Deltahedral Zintl Ions: Synthesis and Characterization of [Ge9ER3]3−, [R3EGe9ER3]2−, and [R3EGe9Ge9ER3]4− (E=Ge, Sn; R=Me, Ph)
Authors: Ugrinov Angel , Sevov Slavi C. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSix new derivatized deltahedral Zintl ions have been synthesized by reactions between the known Zintl ions Ge9n− with the halides R3EX and/or the corresponding anions R3E− for E=Ge or Sn. This rational approach is based on our previous discovery that these derivatization reactions are based on nucleophilic addition to the clusters. All species were structurally characterized as their salts with potassium countercations sequestered in 2,2,2‐crypt or [18]crown‐6 ether. The tin‐containing anions were characterized also in solutions by 119Sn NMR spectroscopy. The reaction types for such substitutions and the structures of the new anions are discussed.
A New System in Organooxotin Cluster Chemistry Incorporating Inorganic and Organic Spacers between Two Ladders Each Containing Five Tin Atoms
Authors: Zheng Guo‐Li , Ma Jian‐Fang , Yang Jin , Li Yin‐Yan , Hao Xiang‐Rong 
Published: June 2004

AbstractHydrolysis of dibenzyltin dichloride in ethanol has been found to give an unprecedented carbonate anion (CO32−)‐bridged double‐ladder organooxotin cluster, [(R2SnO)3(R2SnOH)2(CO3)]2 (1, R = C6H5CH2), with five tin atoms in each ladder. With the aim of obtaining organooxotin clusters with large cavities suitable for host–guest chemistry, we used 1,1′‐ferrocenedicarboxylic acid (H2La) and hexanedioic acid (H2Lb) to replace the carbonate anions (CO32−), and thereby clusters [(R2SnO)3(R2SnOH)2La]2 (2) and [(R2SnO)3(R2SnOH)2Lb]2 (3) were obtained. When 1 was treated with benzoic acid (HLc) in different stoichiometric ratios (1:4, 1:10), ladder cluster (R2SnO)3(R2SnOH)2(Lc)2 (4) and drum cluster [RSn(O)Lc]6 (5) were obtained. Through the hydrolysis of Cy2SnCl2 (Cy = C6H11) and (C6H5CH2)2SnCl2, two interesting ethanolate‐modified clusters [Cy2(C2H5O)SnOSn(C2H5O)Cy2]2 (6) and [(R2SnO)3(R2SnOH)(R2SnOC2H5)(CO3)]2 (7) were obtained. All the tin atoms in these ladder clusters are five‐coordinate surrounded by two alkyl groups and three O atoms, and have distorted trigonal‐bipyramidal coordination environments with two carbon atoms and one O atom in the equatorial positions and two O atoms in the axial positions. The structures of all these compounds have been established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses.
Isolation of Intermediate‐Valent Ce(III)/Ce(IV) Hydrolysis Products in the Preparation of Cerium Iodates: Electronic and Structural Aspects of Ce2(IO3)6(OHx) (x ≈ 0 and 0.44).
Authors: Sykora Richard E. , Deakin Laura , Mar Arthur , Skanthakumar S. , Soderholm L. , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[C6N2H14]0.5× [MnAl3(PO4)4(H2O)2]: A Manganese(II)‐Substituted Aluminophosphate with AFN Topology.
Authors: Shi Lei , Li Jiyang , Yu Jihong , Li Yi , Ding Hong , Xu Ruren 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Improvement of Selectivity in the Fries Rearrangement and Direct Acylation Reactions by Means of P2O5/SiO2 under Microwave Irradiation in Solvent‐Free Media.
Authors: Eshghi Hossein , Rafie Mohammad , Gordi Zinat , Bohloli Moosa 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[3 + 2] Cycloreversion of Bicyclo[m.3.0]alkan‐3‐on‐2‐yl‐1‐oxonium Ylides to Alkenyloxyketenes. Stereospecific Aspect.
Authors: Oku Akira , Sawada Yuichi , Schroeder Marc , Higashikubo Ichiro , Yoshida Tomohiro , Ohki Shigeji 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxidative Fragmentations of Some Azolyl Ketones and Related Compounds Induced by Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate (CAN).
Authors: Bertha Ferenc , Giang Le Thanh , Fetter Jozsef , Kajtar‐Peredy Maria , Lempert Karoly , Czira Gabor 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Investigation into the Allylation Reactions of Aldehydes Promoted by the CeCl3×7H2O—NaI System as a Lewis Acid.
Authors: Bartoli Giuseppe , Bosco Marcella , Giuliani Arianna , Marcantoni Enrico , Palmieri Alessandro , Petrini Marino , Sambri Letizia 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ring‐Closing Metathesis Toward the Synthesis of 2,5‐Dihydrofuran and 2,5‐Dihydropyrrole Skeletons from Baylis—Hillman Adducts.
Authors: Kim Jeong Mi , Lee Ka Young , Lee Sangku , Kim Jae Nyoung 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rapid and Efficient Oxidative Decarboxylation of Carboxylic Acids with Sodium Periodate Catalyzed by Manganese(III) Schiff Base Complexes.
Authors: Mirkhani Valiollah , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Moghadam Majid , Moghbel Maryam 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cyclopropyl Fatty Acids Implicate a Radical but not a Cation as an Intermediate in P450BM3‐Catalyzed Hydroxylations.
Authors: Cryle Max J. , Stuthe Julia M. U. , Ortiz de Montellano Paul R. , De Voss James J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Concise Synthesis of Dihydrochalcones via Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl Halides and 1‐Aryl‐2‐propen‐1‐ols.
Authors: Briot Anne , Baehr Corinne , Brouillard Raymond , Wagner Alain , Mioskowski Charles 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regiospecific Synthesis of Symmetrical (1E,3E) 2,3‐Difluoro‐1,4‐diphenyl‐buta‐1,3‐dienes via Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of (Z) 2‐Bromo‐2‐fluoroethenylbenzenes in Presence of Bis(pinacolato)diboron.
Authors: Eddarir Said , Rolando Christian 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient Synthesis of 4‐Halo‐5‐hydroxyfuran‐2(5H)‐ones via the Sequential Halolactonization and γ‐Hydroxylation of 4‐Aryl‐2,3‐alkadienoic Acids.
Authors: Ma Shengming , Wu Bin , Shi Zhangjie 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
N‐Amination of Pyrrole and Indole Heterocycles with Monochloramine (NH2Cl).
Authors: Hynes John Jr. , Doubleday Wendel W. , Dyckman Alaric J. , Godfrey Jollie D. Jr. , Grosso John A. , Kiau Susanne , Leftheris Katerina 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.