bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lorca And Foucault
Authors: Smith Paul Julian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Foucault begins Les Mots et les choses (Paris, 1966) with two examples taken from Hispanic sources. The first is Borges’s Chinese encyclopaedia. It contains a list of animals: belonging to the Emperor; embalmed; fabulous; included in the present classification; drawn with a fine camel hair brush; et cetera (p. 7). For Foucault the humour of the list derives not so much from the placing of incongruous items next to one another as from the impossibility of assigning all of the items to a common field of reference or ‘operating table’ (pp. 8-9). Borges’s ‘heterotopia’ is disquieting because it disrupts the familiar discursive framework within which knowledge finds its place in our culture: the history of the ‘order of things’ in the West is the history of the Same. When this order is challenged (when knowledge breaks down or mutates) then the very earth seems to move beneath our feet (pp. 15- 16).
Fuentes, Puig, Lyotard
Authors: Smith Paul Julian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What is postmodernism? Recent collections of essays and papers have attempted empirical definitions of the area it encompasses or the object it treats. This area or object is often held to be characterized by fragmentation, electicism, and reflexivity. A postmodern culture is one in which a formerly unified subject is split into his or her constituent parts; in which a single homogeneous style is superseded by a number of heterogeneous fashions; in which an artistic practice experienced as authentic or gestural gives way to one only too aware of its own status as art, as practice. These tendencies (fragmentation, eclecticism, reflexivity) seem to be most fully expressed in popular culture, particularly in such visual forms as television advertising and pop music promos. But these examples immediately raise the question of political allegiance.
Sexuality and the Reading Encounter
Authors: Wilson Emma 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Can fictions of desire determine real pleasures? Do texts regulate the performance of our sexual identities? In Sexuality and the Reading Encounter, Emma Wilson offers a new account of the intimate relations between reading, identity and identification. Interweaving theoretical debate with analysis of texts by Proust, Duras, Tournier and Cixous, her study reveals the formative potential and transferential pleasures of the reading encounter. Drawing on an understanding of identity as performative, alienated and fictitious, this study argues that the fictions we read act as mirrors and decoys displaying seductive images of intelligible sexual identities. The texts chosen for discussion here draw attention to the strategies by which identity is constructed textually. They work thus to frame the reading encounter and to highlight its formative power. In analysis of these texts, this study works to cut across the axes of homosexuality and heterosexuality, offering an alternative focus on the independence of fantasy and identity.
Use
Authors: Gordon Robert S C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In both his ethics and his personal make-up, Levi invariably strikes us as a pragmatist. When he tackles problems, encounters the unfamiliar, follows passions, or simply invents for pleasure, we can almost always trace in the shape of his thinking a pragmatic, constructive, solution-led Weltanschauung. A practical, engaged sense of living, working, and writing exudes from his every page and from it emerges a defining feature of his ethics, the commitment to various forms of practical intelligence, what Aristotelians would call ‘practical wisdom’ or phronesis.
Measure, or A Sense of Limit
Authors: Gordon Robert S C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This second Part examines four virtues of wit or practical intelligence at work in Levi. The first of these is what I have called ‘measure’. The word is deliberately intended as multivalent (multivalency is itself an active virtue for Levi and many of his values are best expressed by terms with overlapping, plural-although not endless-meanings). Its meanings and uses branch out in several directions yielding further dividends in helping to shape Levi’s ethics.
Practice, or Trial and Error
Authors: Gordon Robert S C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A great deal has been written about Levi’s championing of a certain work ethic. Indeed, for anyone attempting a reading of his oeuvre from an ethical perspective, his ideas on work, expressed especially in books from the 1970s such as II sistema periodico and La chiave a stella, would seem to constitute one of the most evident and weighty anchors of all. In both those books, Levi champions a vision of work as an intelligent, individual, and immensely fulfillingendeavour in contrast to a certain strand of pessimistic left radicalism of the 1960s and 1970s which saw all work as necessarily alienating, deindividualizing, and, ultimately, complicit with ‘the system’; all of this set against the memory of the genuinely alienating, deindividualizing-we might say, useless-work of the Lager (‘Arbeit macht frei’).
Storytelling
Authors: Gordon Robert S C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Friends tell each other stories; by telling each other stories-of troubles overcome, ‘ibergekumene tsores’ (I. 739)-two interlocutors become friends. The ethics of friendship and the ethics of storytelling are deeply intertwined. In Levi, stories real or invented-of characters, episodes, curious facts or ideas, or fantastic possibilitiesare the basic currency of almost everything he wrote. His stories, in the very human particularity and variety they present, provide the raw material for his ethical universe, the individuals and the exempla that stimulate his flexible vision of how to live. They are his best defence against reductive generalization and over-simplification, and at the same time they foment his ethical enquiry, never stalling at the merely anecdotal. They conform to Martha Nussbaum’s understanding of a Jamesian narrative philosophy: teaching and learning do not simply involve the learning of rules and principles.
Irony, or Wit Revisited
Authors: Gordon Robert S C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As was noted at the outset of Part II, wit has a double meaning that perfectly fits Levi’sforma mentis. In Levi as in Boccaccio, wit in the sense of shrewd, practical intelligence overlaps and coincides with a taste for wit in the sense of incisive, clear, light-handed humour. Indeed, each gains ethical value by association with the other. In particular, certain forms of humour in Levi serve as a means to sharpen the insights offered by intelligent application, to complicate and delimit the possibilities of response, whilst at the same time reinforcing the bonds of community through a shared smile or laugh.
The Companies of Florence
Authors: Wilson Blake 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Still located midway between the Cathedral and the palace of the Signoria, the meeting place of the Compagnia della Madonna d’Or San Michele from its thirteenth-century origins was the city’s greatest confluence of mercantile sensibility and lay spirituality. There is no better image of this city’s passionate and worldly piety than the spontaneous veneration of an image of the Virgin that developed beneath the loggia of a bustling grain market, a veneration which in 1291 assumed the popular institutional form of a lauda-singing lay confraternity. Contemporary references indicate both the fame of this devotion, as well as the envy and resentment of the ecclesiastical institutions, of which Orsanmichele was independent. In one of his sonnets, Guido Cavalcanti wrote of the image:
Dances And Dance Music, C.1300–1530
Authors: Salmen Walter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Those who lived in the period between the fourteenth and the early sixteenth century were caught up in conflicting tendencies of judging the world and human life, albeit with chronological and regional variations. These currents gravitated between the admonition ‘mementomori’, denying all things corporeal, and the life-affirming invitation ‘iuvatvivere’. Dance, whether conceptualized transcendentally as the Dance of Death, or taking the practical form of performance, was ubiquitous, a manifestation of life; apart from its broad social significance, it possessed a heavenly, cosmic, indeed universal meaning (see Pl. III). Dancing is thus an essential signifier of the world-view of late medieval and Renaissance society. Despite the disruptive effect of the Reformation it retained a central function both in public and in private life. Dancing was held to be both a right, differentiated according to social rank, and a duty; consequently both admonitions and prohibitions with regard to dancing were issued.
Magnificence as Civic Image: Music and Ceremonial Space in Early ModernVenice
Authors: Fenlon Iain 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The public rituals of early modern Venice, particularly those that relate to the state and its figurehead, the doge, were invariably religious before they were political. In its more developed form, as practised at least from the thirteenth century, Venetian political theology assigned to the elected head of the Venetian polity a role that was analogous to that of the pope in Rome. Ceremonies which surrounded the doge, and in which he participated, emphasized his position as an intermediary, one that became particularly crucial at moments of crisis. It was then that the doge was placed in the role of prime agent of intercession, the true representative of St Mark on earth.
Music and Reform: The Savonarolan Legacy
Authors: Fenlon Iain 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The deliberations of the Council of Trent, and their alleged influence on the composition of sacred music, continue to occupy an exaggerated position in conventional histories of sixteenth-century music. Similarly, most discussions of the more specific question of music and reform have placed an unjustifiably heavy emphasis on what might be described as the conciliar position. According to this interpretation Trent itself is seen to be the culmination of a body of complaint about sacred polyphony that dates back as least as far as the late fifteenth century, despite the fact that these earlier pronouncements, which are usually of the most vague and unspecific kind, occur almost as a rhetorical gesture and seem to have had little practical effect, even less than Trent itself. Moreover, these pre-Trent statements about polyphony are sometimes thought of as a coherent tradition despite their very different origins.
Giaches de Wert and the Palatine Basilica of Santa Barbara: Music, Liturgy, and Design
Authors: Fenlon Iain 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The question of liturgy is fundamental to understanding how music and ceremony in fifteenthand sixteenth-century Italian religious institutions actually worked. Far from being an unchanging, rigidly formalized structure, capable only of being received ‘passively’, the liturgy could and often was appropriated or modified by those in power, whether high-ranking ecclesiastics, autocratic rulers, or republican governments. This was most obviously true in the period before the Council of Trent resolved to abolish all local liturgies with less than two hundred years of life; nevertheless, as the particular case of the basilica of Santa Barbara in Mantua so clearly demonstrates, in practice the new atmosphere did not totally inhibit the creation of new liturgies. Stronger emphasis upon feasts associated with local patron saints was the most common expression of spiritual and political identity. Festal calendars could be revised so that civic and dynastic celebrations could be incorporated, and saints of even comparatively minor importance in the Roman calendar could assume greater importance in a local context, even one in which Roman use was being followed.
Madrigals with basso continuo
Authors: Arnold Denis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The basso continua was one of those inventions which had an influence on the history of music far beyond any expectations of its originators. It came out of the specific needs of certain composers. Some of them were mundane. Lodovico Grossi da Viadana, sometime maestro di cappella at Mantua Cathedral, had the need for a notation which would allow the organist to fill in gaps in the harmony when the singers were few. Motets written deliberately for one or two or three solo voices required a well-organized accompaniment if the music was not to sound thin and weak. A notation which allowed for the cheap production of keyboard parts was a godsend to him and many another musician working in difficult conditions.
The dramatic music
Authors: Arnold Denis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Opera was very new in 1607. Orfeo was to be the sixth dramma per musica ever written. To Monteverdi the form was even newer. He may have seen one of the first Florentine operas, Peri’s Euridice (1600), or he may have studied its score—that was all. But if opera was new, dramatic music was not; plays with music were extremely common, especially in the free courts of northern Italy. Mantua was famed for its players, Ferrara and Venice for their court entertainments. The fashionable plays at these courts by the early years of the seventeenth century were the pastorals. To the English the pastoral idiom is best known through the lyric poetry of Comus and Lycidas; or in the dramatic form in As You Like It, where Shakespeare gently pokes fun at its conventions.
The Papers and the Critics
Authors: Mccoll Sandra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Before beginning a detailed examination of what the critics wrote, it is necessary to sort out the journals in which they wrote and, indeed, just who the critics themselves were. The lists of journals and critics provided in this chapter are intended to serve as a guide for reference .in the following chapters.
The purpose of the first section of this chapter is to list the various journals and papers from which the feuilletons and other items of journalism have been taken, in order to give a brief overview of their respective policies. Circulation figures are given, where known. These should be seen in the context of an increasing population (the population of Vienna being between the 1,364,548 recorded in 18901 and the 1,674,57 recorded in 19002) and improving literacy rate.
Opera, Drama, and the Artwork of the Future
Authors: Mccoll Sandra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The oratorio could be defined as a kind of vocal music which must always be too long. Only for the English is no oratorio long enough, just as no mountain is high enough for them. . . . In drama, and so also in musical drama, things follow out of each other.... In epic, and so also in musical epic, in oratorio, things simply follow after each other.1
Even taking into account the differences between ‘musical epic’ and ‘musical drama’, opera, oratorio, and another form to figure in Viennese cultural life in 1897, melodrama, all have in common the fact that, if they are to succeed, they must satisfy both poetically and musically.
Epilogue
Authors: Powell John S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Moliere and Lully had been a dynamic team throughout the 1660s, and their comedies-ballets and one tragédie-ballet set new standards for the lyric stage that prepared the way for French opera. Indeed, as mentioned at the end of Chapter 18, there were signs that Moliére and Lully had planned to take over Perrin's monopoly and form their own opera company. By the summer of 1671 Moliere had the playhouse and the singers, dancers, and instrumentalists that would have enabled his company to move into opera; moreover, their summer performances of Psyché demonstrated the popularity and commercial viability of serious lyric theatre.
Epilogue
Authors: Macneil Anne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Little more than a year before Virginia Andreini lamented Arianna’s fate in the tiny hall adjacent to Vincenzo Gonzaga’s apartments in the Palazzo Ducale in Mantua, her husband Giovan Battista stood in the rooms formerly occupied by Vincenzo’s sister Margherita to witness Orfeo’ s laments for the death of Euridice.
The Market for Loyalties
Authors: Price Monroe E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The previous chapter focused on images that constitute versions of national identity, the conscious effort to provide a cohesive frame work for continued state legitimacy. This ‘official nationalism’, as Seton Watson has called it, is heavy-handed and difficult, in its execution, to accommodate with human rights. The effort, here, is to domesticate and bring within democratic theory the enormous effort expended by governments, everywhere, to articulate, shape, and reinforce images of the communal self. Fear of the state virtually precludes a model in which it has direct control over the media. And yet the state seems destined to play some role, at least as architect, and usually far more. The government is inevitably a speaker, but we fail to have the means to express the limits on its speech; nor can we define the boundary between government-generated imagery and the full and boisterous speech of the rest of society.
Law, Force, and the Russian Media
Authors: Price Monroe E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Looking at the development of mass-media law in post-Soviet Russia is like examining the wrists of a recently freed prisoner where the marks of the chains are still present. The very claims for freedom and the guarantees of change bespeak past injustices and old allocations of power. In the short moments that have transpired, issues of law in the defining of communication have already had a dramatic cycle: the rule of law has been followed by the assertion of military force and bloodshed, and force, in its tum, has been followed again by a clumsy reaffirmation of law. In 1995, Vladislav Listyev, the first head of a newly-organized Russian Public Television, was assassinated. Television has been an arena for bitter struggle, political and armed. In this context, the evolution of rules for the organization and governance of the press has reflected changes in political and economic powers in a society seeking definition and stability. The forms of a media law-its words, its constructions, its hermeneutics-cannot be understood without its embedded context. Like other laws, those concerning broadcasting can be studied like shards from an archaeological site, as clues to the nature of their social and political origins.
Text and Context
Authors: Price Monroe E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As societies move from one political paradigm to another, the transitions in their media law reveal much about them. In the midst of reconstruction, the scaffolding of reform is evident as press and broad casting organizations are transformed (or fight to remain the same), and as state functions are reorganized, destroyed, or reformulated. Justifications for control that once had the quality of faith are suddenly publicly useless, but new justifications take their place. Not only in Russia, the subject of the last chapter, but throughout Central and Eastern Europe and the severed Republics of the former Soviet Union, the process of transition has led to local media wars. Everywhere, beneath the frequent and fervid search for a free and independent press, lies an active and changing market for loyalties.
Baring Bottom: Shakespeare and the Chaucerian Dream Vision
Authors: Lynch Kathryn L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A Midsummer Night’s Dream contains only a single actual dream, at the end of the second act: Hermia’s nightmare vision of the crawling serpent devouring her heart. Why, then, is the play titled as though the entire framework were structured as a dream? A partial answer to this question emerges from the quality of the midsummer and midnight frolic in the woods and from the characters’ own interpretations of what has happened to them.
Can the Native Return?
Authors: Beer Gillian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My title is a question: ̒Can the Native Return?̓ It may put you in mind of Hardy, and The Return of the Native will indeed be a crucial instance in the later part of my argument, forming the centre of a triptych of examples: ̒triptych̓ here not in the devotional sense, but in the original meaning of a set of three writing-tablets hinged together. But I want briefly to set Hardy̕s theme in a longer literary perspective and then to demonstrate how for the Victorians the idea of the native̕s return held particularly disturbing cultural possibilities.
Travelling the Other Way: Travel Narratives and Truth Claims
Authors: Beer Gillian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
All narratives take the reader or listener on a journey, and many of them tell the story of a journey too. Narratives are organized to move through time, to transport the reader, and to bring us home again, augmented by the experience and by the knowledge we have acquired. This narrative motion is enacted as much in non-fictional accounts, like the many records of nineteenth century surveying voyages, as it is in the Odyssey or Gulliver ‘s Travels. The differences begin when we examine the freight the reader gains by the expedition.
Darwin and the Growth of Language Theory
Authors: Beer Gillian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My title embeds an assumption that my argument will pry out again: ‘the growth of language theory ‘. ls knowledge, then, an organic process, its accretions and transformations more than metaphorically like that of the organism? Such taken for granted locutions as ‘growth ‘ illustrate how readily the discourse of one field is appropriated by another. The case I want to examine is one of more conscious appropriation and re-appropriation: that between Darwinian evolutionary theory and language theory. During the last 1 50 years these two major fields of human enquiry have drawn upon each other ‘s evidences, and, even more, upon each other ‘s metaphors, as I shall demonstrate. Equally striking-though harder to demonstrate empirically since this phase of theory-making relies upon the absence of material-is the desire for autonomy which has, from time to time, involved repudiating and suppressing links between the fields. There are often sound intellectual reasons for such disengagement. However, it also seems that for theory to conceive itself as authentic and to establish itself as free-standing, it needs to obliterate traces of dependence and to repudiate analogies with other fields of learning. Such suppressed dependencies may re-emerge later, generating fresh topics of enquiry. This pattern of interchange and autonomy will also be seen to have significance for appraising claims to self-sufficiency in scientific language.
Forging the Missing Link: Interdisciplinary Stories
Authors: Beer Gillian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Interdisciplinary work crosses over between fields: it transgresses. It thus brings into question the methods and materials of differing intellectual practices and may uncover problems dis guised by the scope of established disciplines. Forms of knowledge do not readily merge; they may lie askance or cross-grained. But that does not imply failure. Dis analogy can prove to be a powerful heuristic tool. Indeed, it is important not too readily to pau particular disciplines since that ignores indirection, the shared and dispersed other forms of experience and knowledge active in the time.
Helmholtz, Tyndall, Gerard Manley Hopkins: Leaps of the Prepared Imagination
Authors: Beer Gillian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gerard Manley Hopkins was pre-eminently a religious writer, of that no doubt. The vicissitudes of his calling and his sufferings have preoccupied many who respond to his life-story. Between 1868, the year of his entry into the Jesuit novitiate at the age of 24, and 1876, the year of ̒The Wreck of the Deutschland̓, he wrote no poetry. His major output dates from 1876 to 1889, when he died. His poetry expresses the energies of the material world funnelled and focused to break through to a world beyond, or a world within.