bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Young People’s Pathways into Farming
Authors: Srinivasan Sharada , White Ben 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe world’s crisis-ridden agriculture and food systems, besides huge environmental challenges, are facing a looming problem of generational renewal. Farming populations are ageing, many farmers appear to have no successor, and it is widely claimed that young people are not interested in farming; smallholder farming in its present state appears to be so unattractive to young people that they are turning away from agricultural futures. Will there be a new generation of farmers to take the place of today’s ageing farmers? What are the experiences of young people who are establishing themselves as farmers, and how are these pathways gendered? How can young farmers be supported to feed the world’s growing population? These are the questions that stimulated us and our colleagues in Canada, China, India, and Indonesia to join together in the multi-country research project, Becoming a Young Farmer: Young People’s Pathways into Farming in Four Countries. Each team used multi-sited case study research to bring to life the experiences of young farmers and would-be farmers, the various challenges they face, and important differences in their experiences both within and between the countries and study sites. By concentrating on women and men who have managed, or are trying, to set up their own farming livelihoods at a relatively early stage in their lives, we aimed to contribute both to theory by clarifying the generational dimension in the social reproduction of agrarian communities, and to policy by clarifying the barriers that young rural men and women confront in accessing land and other resources as well as the role of policies, institutions, and young people’s own individual and collective efforts in overcoming these barriers.
Chapter Eight: Healer or King
Authors: Stroeken Koen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis chapter explains the tensor of kum which features centrally in the author’s anthropological work on chiefdoms in eastern and central Africa that centralized into kingdoms. The data intertwine with conversations with a modernly educated chief, a man of the world living in the metropole of Dar es Salaam. The effort of the previous chapter continues as we extend our analysis from frame and sphere to cultural systems and the human species. Ethnographic reflections about lifeways come to the fore, as do intuitions one acquires after being trained in medicine. The training draws on a long-standing initiatory network spanning central and eastern Africa. Divination and initiation keep the chief’s rule medicinal. They prevent power from corrupting into autocracy.Can Western democracies, which presently go through rough times, learn from the mechanisms? An intriguing similarity is how the tensor splits into simplexes, and that members of the human species intuit the split as ‘no good’. Elections are politics of the real that reveal collective reason. The chapter ends with the contrasting case of a European country after 400 days without government. Do the better educated know best?
Chapter Twelve: Street Cred
Authors: Stroeken Koen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHip hop performances present another case when opponents dissing each other attract a crowd for harnessing the energy between attendants. The slur appropriated by the artist representing a discriminated group illustrates the principle: use the energy of the simplex instead of evading it. Immunity through contagion. Far from representing an ideology, the artist lets inspiration in and sings the message which can be felt to have collective reason. The tensor of street cred de-simplicates politics. Artists claiming a ‘moral self’ in opposition to ‘immoral others’ are simplicating the situation with a unidimensional message, whereas frame-shifters, like Professa Jay, Mbembe or 50 Cent, turn the tables on themselves to temporarily impersonate the immoral. Their ironizing renders their comparison of frames viable instead of hegemonic.
Chapter Thirteen: Godwork
Authors: Stroeken Koen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAgain we encounter the principle of attaining immunity through contagion. The redemption of Pentecostalist converts rests on seizing the very evil that their new religion combats. Inhabitants of Lubumbashi in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and of Morogoro in Tanzania equally train their intuition and prepare their children for the new era’s tensors.The chapter describes a contest between a Sukuma healer and two pastors. The healer masters the game of healing better because of the frameshift. Yet Pentecostal dogmatism does not prevent ‘clarity’, permitting the convert to reach a state of ‘inclusive disjunctivity’, the multiplexity of leading parallel lives.
Chapter Seven: The Oracle and the Real
Authors: Stroeken Koen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis chapter synthesizes the author’s ethnographic work on healing systems in Africa. Divination has political relevance because is the art of shifting frames. The shift occurs by letting in ‘the real’, a moment neither imaginary nor symbolical. Why should oracles need mediumship or the geomantic throw? Ethnography in eastern and central Africa indicates that an oracle’s purpose is to defuse the simplex preoccupying the consulters.The reader learns about the organs that matter in haruspication. The five chapters of the first part diagnosed society as in a state of entropy and dehumanizing. Sukuma diviners in Tanzania have the tools for such diagnosis but viscerally enact them, which our analysis is in dire need of. To dehumanize is to imagine humans that can lay a claim on you. Bewitchment is the universal experience of someone embodying the Law and living inside you, impinging on your freedom, while you mistakenly situate the help offered by people and so-called ancestral energies ‘outside’ yourself. To live together with one’s witch, an inversion is called for, whereby you accept all those energies of ‘the real’ as part of yourself and locate the Law of the witch where it belongs, quite simply outside of your self. This act is not just a micro-story. Such frameshifts, anthropologists have shown, have built and regenerated society anywhere on this planet. Not surprisingly then, it is here that we discover the tensor of collective reason.
Stability of electroweak vacuum and supersymmetric contribution to muon g − 2
Authors: Chigusa So , Moroi Takeo , Shoji Yutaro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We study the stability of the electroweak vacuum in the supersymmetric (SUSY) standard model (SM), paying particular attention to its relation to the SUSY contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment aμ. If the SUSY contribution to aμ is sizable, the electroweak vacuum may become unstable because of enhanced trilinear scalar interactions. With aμ being fixed, larger slepton masses require more enhanced trilinear couplings, which make the electroweak vacuum more unstable. Thus, assuming SUSY contribution to aμ being sizable, an upper bound on the slepton masses is obtained. We give a detailed prescription to perform a full one-loop calculation of the decay rate of the electroweak vacuum for the case that the SUSY contribution to aμ is enhanced. We also give an upper bound on the slepton masses as a function of the SUSY contribution to aμ.
Einführung des Fachs „Berufsfelderkundung“ für Studierende der Zahnmedizin an der Universität des Saarlandes
Authors: Rupf Stefan , Gund Madline , Strähle Ulf , Naim Jusef , Hannig Matthias 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungSeit dem Wintersemester 2021/2022 gilt die neue zahnärztliche Approbationsordnung (ZApprO). Darin wurde festgelegt, dass ein „Praktikum der Berufsfelderkundung“ als Lehrveranstaltung im Zahnmedizinstudium durchgeführt wird. In der Universität des Saarlandes besteht die Lehrveranstaltung aus 5 Teilen: (I) Einführung, (II) Praktikum, (III) Reflexionsbericht, (IV) Symposium, (V) Evaluation. Das Praktikum soll den Studierenden eine frühe Berührung mit der klinischen Realität ermöglichen und ihnen mehr Selbstvertrauen im Umgang mit Patienten geben, sie motivieren und ihnen die professionelle Rolle im Gesundheitsberuf vermitteln. Zusätzlich soll durch den Reflexionsbericht und das Symposium die Entwicklung wissenschaftlicher Kompetenzen initiiert werden. Die Evaluation dient zusammen mit der Bewertung der Reflexionsberichte der Überprüfung des Erfolgs der Einführung des Faches. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die neue Lehrveranstaltung zu beschreiben und die Ergebnisse der Auswertung der beiden Veranstaltungen in den Jahren 2021 und 2022 darzustellen.
The coracobrachialis muscle: typical morphology, accessory forms, and the issues with terminology
Authors: Triantafyllou George , Natsis Konstantinos , Georgiev Georgi P. , Koutserimpas Christos , Olewnik Łukasz , Tsakotos George , Zielinska Nicol , Piagkou Maria 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe coracobrachialis muscle (CB) represents one of the anterior arm compartment muscles. It has been defined by classic anatomy textbooks and old papers, as a muscle of one belly arising from the coracoid process tip and partially from the tendon of the biceps brachii short head, and inserted into the humeral shaft, above the bone’s midpoint. However, recent cadaveric studies have confirmed that in the majority of cases, the CB is a two-headed muscle consisting of a superficial and a deep head. This finding has caused confusion regarding the terminology of CB’s morphology. Typical CB morphology, according to recent data should not be considered the muscle of one belly, but the two-headed muscle. In particular, the musculocutaneous nerve’s (MCN) course plays an important role in defining the CB morphological characteristics. If the MCN courses medially to the CB, with no signs of penetration after dissection, it can be concluded, that the CB is composed of one head; otherwise, if the muscle is composed of two or more heads, the MCN will courses between the CB bellies. In conclusion, it is of paramount importance to adopt common-universal terminology. Hence, considering recent findings, if the CB origin and/or the insertion differs from the typical anatomy, an “atypical CB” is the proper definition of the muscle, while if this “atypical CB” coexists with a typical CB, the terminology “accessory CB” may be used.
Feasibility of forecasting convective rain by diagnosing intracloud lightning jumps
Authors: Tai Jyh-Huei , Soong Wei-Kuo , Tan Pei-Hua , Wang Mark Yin-Mao , Lin Po-Hsiung 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study conducted a comparison of the data quality of Earth Networks (EN) and Taiwan Power Company’s Total Lightning Detection System (TLDS) and evaluated the feasibility of using intracloud (IC) lightning to issue convective rain warnings. The results indicate uncertainties in the TLDS positioning of IC lightning. When forecasting convective rain on the basis of IC lightning jumps using EN data, the mean prefigurance and postagreement scores were 0.8 and 0.67, respectively, which were more favourable than the respective TLDS scores of 0.65 and 0.47. In regions with high TLDS positioning uncertainties, the use of EN data increased the number of prefigurance and postagreement hits in each analysis zone and raised the prefigurance and postagreement scores to 0.3 and 0.5, respectively. This indicates that analyses using EN data can reduce the risk of missed convective rain warnings when diagnosing IC jumps and can reduce the false alarm rate. In this study, IC jumps preceded convective rains by a maximum of 27.5–39.3 min on average in all analysis zones across Taiwan. The results suggest that diagnosing IC jumps to forecast convective rain is feasible, but until the uncertainties in the positioning of IC lightning using TLDSs have been remedied, EN data are the more suitable diagnostic choice.
Testing passive dispersal as the key mechanism for lionfish invasion in the Mediterranean Sea using Lagrangian particle tracking
Authors: Schilling Hayden T. , Kalogirou Stefanos , Michail Christina , Kleitou Periklis 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe expansion of lionfish Pterois miles across the Mediterranean Sea since its introduction via the Suez Canal has been rapid, but the mechanisms by which the expansion occurred have not been fully tested. By using a series of Lagrangian particle tracking simulations and high-resolution hydrodynamic models, we tested the hypothesis that passive dispersal of larvae could explain the east to west expansion of lionfish. By sequentially modelling the annual dispersal of larvae, from the first observation in Lebanon in 2012 and then modelling dispersal of larval from the simulated settlement sites, we showed that passive dispersal driven by ocean currents largely explained the observed expansion of lionfish until 2020. The spread of lionfish was likely restricted by environmental conditions when the population reached the central Mediterranean and the particle tracking simulations diverged from observations. The results emphasize the potential contribution of computational models in understanding the dispersal of non-indigenous and range expanding species in response to changing environmental conditions, identifying high risk areas, and guiding targeted surveillance, early detection, and informing management strategies for such species. Given that many non-indigenous species in the Mediterranean are introduced through a consistent pathway (the Suez Canal), the incorporation of interdisciplinary approaches and high-resolution biophysical models can provide fundamental knowledge for management action prioritization.
The problem of opportunity
Authors: Goodman Jonathan R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCultural group selection theorists propose that humans evolved prosocial preferences. These claims revolve largely around the centrality of punishment in cultural groups, which helped to eliminate free riders. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether distinguishing between free-riding as an action, and free riders as entities, undermines or supports this view. I develop three individual-based models of the Prisoner’s Dilemma. The first model shows that strong reciprocity removes overt freeriders from a population, and maintains a high rate of cooperation. In the second, I introduce individuals that mimic cooperative preferences, but who defect when they trick opponents into cooperating. I show that strong reciprocity is robust against this strategy, but not because individuals are replaced by strong reciprocators. Finally, I introduce a third strategy, covert mimicry, where some mimics may defect without detection. I draw attention to the problem highlighted in these models, which is that cooperation may be maintained in populations only because freeriders are not presented with the opportunity to defect. I discuss this problem in the context of cultural group selection and the human capacity for innovation, and suggest that hypotheses relying on prosocial preferences for maintaining cooperation require some revision.
Need for Sexual, Reproductive, and Mental Health Promotion Among Diverse College Students in a COVID-19 Era
Authors: Cooley-Strickland Michele , Wyatt Gail E. , Loeb Tamra Burns , Nicholas Lisa A. , Smith-Clapham Amber , Hamman Amina , Abraham Misha , Scott Enricka Norwood , Albarran Graciela 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic forced unprecedented disruptions in higher education operations. While the adverse mental health effects experienced by college students due to these changes are well documented, less is known about the impact on their sexual and reproductive health (SRH), and the reciprocal relationships between SRH and mental health among adolescents and emerging adults. This position paper reviews existing literature on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on SRH, sexual violence, unintended pregnancy, sexually transmitted illness and human immunodeficiency virus rates and highlights issues specific to college-aged males, females, racial/ethnic and sexual minorities, and individuals with disabilities. The need to conceptualize SRH as an integral component of normal development, overall health, and well-being in the context of COVID-19 is discussed. The need to prioritize the design and implementation of developmentally appropriate, evidence-based SRH interventions specifically targeting college students is identified. Furthermore, an intergenerational approach to SRH that includes parents/caregivers and/or college faculty and staff (e.g., coaches, trainers) could facilitate comprehensive SRH prevention programming that enhances sexual violence prevention training programs currently mandated by many colleges. Policies and programs designed to mitigate adverse pandemic-related exacerbations in negative SRH outcomes are urgently needed and should be included in mainstream clinical psychology, not only focused on preventing unwanted outcomes but also in promoting rewarding interpersonal relationships and overall well-being. Recommendations for clinical psychologists and mental health researchers are made.
Ammonium salts of microcrystalline cellulose-g-poly (acrylonitrile): toxicity, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
Authors: Kenawy El-Refaie , Khattab Samar A. , Tenhu Heikki , Azaam Mohamed M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCellulose is an excellent starting material for the construction of bioactive polymers. In the present work, we have synthesized quaternized graft copolymers of cellulose and tested their biological properties. Cellulose was grafted with acrylonitrile in a cerium ion catalyzed reaction. High yield of the grafting reaction, 89%, was achieved. Next, the poly (acrylonitrile) chains were aminated using three different amines and finally, the amino functions were quaternized using methyl iodide. In addition to chemical and physical characterization of the polymers, several tests on their bioactive properties have been conducted. The polymers turned out to have good antioxidant properties, as assessed studying how they scavenge ABTS radicals. Anti-inflammatory properties were investigated by a membrane stabilization method. The results showed that the quaternized polymers had anti-inflammatory effects and the one aminated with tris(2-aminoethyl)amine was the most significant compared with indomethacin. The cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro against HepG2 and WI-38 cell lines. All quaternized polymers showed moderate effects against the cancerous cell line HEPG2. On the other hand, their effect against normal fibroblast WI-38 was weak. The acute toxicity in vivo was evaluated for one of the polymers, for which the LD50was 6606 mg/kg. The high LD50indicates the polymer is relatively non-toxic, and will be considered in future for in vivo studies.Graphical abstract
Blockchain-based biometric identity management
Authors: Salem Sherif Hamdy Gomaa , Hassan Ashraf Yehia , Moustafa Marwa S. , Hassan Mohamed Nabil 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn recent years, face biometrics recognition systems are a wide space of a computer usage which is mostly employed for security purpose. The main purpose of the face biometrics recognition system is to authenticate a user from a given database. Due to the widespread expansion of the surveillance cameras and facial recognition technology, a robust face recognition system required. The recognition system needs to store a large number of training samples in any storage unit, that time hackers can access and control that data. So, Protecting and managing sensitive data is essential object. This requires a technique that preserve the privacy of individuals, maintain data integrity, and prevent information leakage. The storage of biometric templates on centralized servers has been associated with potential privacy risks. To address this issue, we have developed and implemented a proof-of-concept facial biometric identification system that uses a private Blockchain platform and smart contract technology. So, the proposed approach is presented a secure and tamper-proof from data breaches as well as hacks with data availability, by using the Blockchain platform to store face images. This paper aims to utilize Blockchain technology to identify individuals based on their biometric traits, specifically facial recognition system makes it tamper-proof (immutable) ensuring security. The system consists of enrolment and authentication phases. Blockchain technology uses peer-to-peer communication, cryptography, consensus processes, and smart contracts to ensure the security. The proposed approach was tested on two popular datasets: CelebFaces Attributes (CelebA) and large-scale face UTKFace datasets. The experimental results indicate that the system yields highly performance outcomes, as evidenced by the Equal Error Rate (EER) values of 0.05% and 0.07% obtained for the CelebA and UTKFace datasets, respectively. The system was compared to three baseline methods and scored the lowest Equal Error Rate.
Blockchain for energy efficiency training in the construction industry
Authors: Celik Yasin , Barbero Irini , Hodorog Andrei , Petri Ioan , Rezgui Yacine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe construction sector faces the urgent need to prioritize energy efficiency due to an increasingly stringent regulatory landscape in response to the climate change agenda. Central to this transition is the pivotal role of education in equipping professionals with the necessary knowledge and skills. Educational solutions have emerged as powerful tools for promoting awareness and interventions to mitigate climate change. This article provides a case study that highlights the successful utilisation of computer technology in delivering digital solutions to advance energy education and promote more informed energy practices in the construction industry. The utilisation of digital technologies can enhance collaborative efforts in energy efficiency training, which is of critical significance in ensuring the security, sovereignty, transparency, immutability, and decentralisation of interventions related to energy education. This paper presents a framework that utilises Blockchain technology to facilitate training labelling and authenticity based on smart contracts and mobile passports to provide a secure and efficient solution for the delivery of training and education in the energy domain. Our research examines the challenges and opportunities related to energy efficiency training within the construction industry. By integrating industry-specific insights, exemplifications, and case studies, we provide an in-depth understanding of the interconnection between energy efficiency education and digital solutions with the unique context of the construction industry. We underscore the importance of leveraging digital platforms as educational tools to foster a deeper understanding and adoption of energy-efficient practices. We demonstrate that educational solutions play a pivotal role in driving awareness and interventions for mitigating climate change, greatly empowering individuals and organizations to adopt energy-efficient practices and to address sustainability objectives.