bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Acupuncture for Chronic Daily Headache
Authors: Coeytaux Remy R. , Kaufman Jay S. , Kaptchuk Ted J. , Chen Wunian , Miller William C. , Callahan Leigh F. , Mann J. Douglas 
Published: September 2005

Background.—Approximately 4% of adults experience headaches nearly every day. Nonpharmacologic interventions for frequent headaches may be appropriate because medical management alone is often ineffective.Objective.—To assess the efficacy of acupuncture as an adjunct to medical management for chronic daily headache (CDH).Methods.—We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of 74 patients with CDH that compared medical management provided by neurologists to medical management plus 10 acupuncture treatments. Primary outcome measures were daily pain severity and headache‐related quality of life (QoL).Results.—Patients who received only medical management did not demonstrate improvement in any of the standardized measures. Daily pain severity scores trended downward but did not differ between treatment groups (P= .60). Relative to medical management only, medical management plus acupuncture was associated with an improvement of 3.0 points (95% CI, 1.0 to 4.9) on the Headache Impact Test and an increase of 8 or more points on the role limitations due to physical problems, social functioning, and general mental health domains of the Short Form 36 Health Survey. Patients who received acupuncture were 3.7 times more likely (CI, 1.7 to 8.1) to report less suffering from headaches at 6 weeks (absolute risk reduction 46%; number needed to treat 2).Conclusion.—Headache‐specialty medical management alone was not associated with improved clinical outcomes among our study population. Supplementing medical management with acupuncture, however, resulted in improvements in health‐related QoL and the perception by patients that they suffered less from headaches.
Headache in Cerebral Hemorrhage Is Associated With Inflammatory Markers and Higher Residual Cavity
Authors: Leira Rogelio , Castellanos Mar , Álvarez‐Sabín José , Diez‐Tejedor Exuperio , Dávalos Antonio , Castillo José ,   on Behalf of the Stroke Project, Cerebrovascular Diseases Group of the Spanish Neurological Society
Published: September 2005

Background and Purpose.—The mechanisms responsible for headache in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are not completely understood. The present study was undertaken to analyze the headache‐associated factors, the possible related biochemical mechanisms, and the headache potential predictors of outcome in spontaneous ICH.Methods.—We prospectively studied 189 patients from a large cohort of 266 consecutive patients with supratentorial ICH admitted within the first 12 hours of symptoms onset. The presence of headache at stroke onset was evaluated in these patients. The volumes of the initial ICH, peripheral edema at 48 hours, and the residual cavity at 3 months were measured on CT scan. Glutamate, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α levels were measured in blood samples obtained on admission. The Canadian Stroke Scale (CSS) and the modified Rankin Scale were used to evaluate stroke severity and neurological outcome, respectively.Results.—Headache at onset of stroke was observed in 65 patients (34.4%). Patients who experienced headache had a significantly higher frequency of history of infection (P= .009) or inflammation (P= .045), as well as higher body temperature (P= .021), leukocyte count (P= .038), ESR (P= .011), and mass effect (P= .017) on admission. Plasma concentrations of IL‐6 and TNF‐α were significantly higher in patients with headache than in those without. Headache was an independent predictor of the residual cavity volume in patients with spontaneous ICH (odds ratio 6.49; 95% CI 2.51 to 16.78; P= .0001).Conclusions.—Headache at ICH onset is associated with clinical and biochemical markers of inflammation and is an independent predictor of higher residual cavity volume after spontaneous ICH.
Should Older People in Residential Care Receive Vitamin D to Prevent Falls? Results of a Randomized Trial
Authors: Flicker Leon , MacInnis Robert J. , Stein Mark S. , Scherer Sam C. , Mead Kate E. , Nowson Caryl A. , Thomas Jenny , Lowndes Chris , Hopper John L. , Wark John D. 
Published: September 2005

Objectives: To determine whether vitamin D supplementation can reduce the incidence of falls and fractures in older people in residential care who are not classically vitamin D deficient.Design: Randomized, placebo‐controlled double‐blind, trial of 2 years' duration.Setting: Multicenter study in 60 hostels (assisted living facilities) and 89 nursing homes across Australia.Participants: Six hundred twenty‐five residents (mean age 83.4) with serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels between 25 and 90 nmol/L.Intervention: Vitamin D supplementation (ergocalciferol, initially 10,000 IU given once weekly and then 1,000 IU daily) or placebo for 2 years. All subjects received 600 mg of elemental calcium daily as calcium carbonate.Measurements: Falls and fractures recorded prospectively in study diaries by care staff.Results: The vitamin D and placebo groups had similar baseline characteristics. In intention‐to‐treat analysis, the incident rate ratio for falling was 0.73 (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.57–0.95). The odds ratio for ever falling was 0.82 (95% CI=0.59–1.12) and for ever fracturing was 0.69 (95% CI=0.40–1.18). An a priori subgroup analysis of subjects who took at least half the prescribed capsules (n=540), demonstrated an incident rate ratio for falls of 0.63 (95% CI=0.48–0.82), an odds ratio (OR) for ever falling of 0.70 (95% CI=0.50–0.99), and an OR for ever fracturing of 0.68 (95% CI=0.38–1.22).Conclusion: Older people in residential care can reduce their incidence of falls if they take a vitamin D supplement for 2 years even if they are not initially classically vitamin D deficient.
Predicting Driving Cessation over 5 Years in Older Adults: Psychological Well‐Being and Cognitive Competence Are Stronger Predictors than Physical Health
Authors: Anstey Kaarin J. , Windsor Timothy D. , Luszcz Mary A. , Andrews Gary R. 
Published: September 2005

Objectives: To examine psychological, medical, and sensorimotor risk factors that predict driving cessation in older adults.Design: Prospective cohort study including five waves of data collected in 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, and 1997.Setting: The Australian Longitudinal Study of Aging.Participants: One thousand four hundred sixty‐six men and women aged 70 and older drawn from the electoral roll and including 753 drivers at baseline.Measurements: Interviews, including assessments of self‐rated health (indicating general well‐being); medical conditions; driving status; and clinical assessments of vision, hearing, cognitive function, and grip strength, were conducted in 1992 (baseline) and 1994. Information on current driving status was obtained at baseline and four subsequent waves (1993, 1994, 1995, and 1997). Drivers and nondrivers were compared at baseline. Risk factors for driving cessation were identified using logistic regression.Results: Drivers were younger and more likely to be male and had better self‐rated health, vision, hearing, and cognitive performance than nondrivers at baseline. Seventeen percent of drivers in the study had vision of 6/18 or worse, and 7.3% were classified as possibly cognitively impaired. In those identified as drivers at baseline, subsequent cessation was associated with increasing age, low grip strength, poorer cognitive performance, and poorer self‐rated health.Conclusion: Self‐rated health and cognitive function were more important than medical conditions or sensory function for predicting driving cessation.
Mortality Risk and Prospective Medicare Expenditures for Persons with Dementia
Authors: Newcomer Robert J. , Clay Theodore H. , Yaffe Kristine , Covinsky Kenneth E. 
Published: September 2005

Objectives: To determine whether an index that stratifies dementia patients into high‐ and low‐mortality‐risk groups can be effective in prospectively identifying persons with high and low expenditures.Design: A mortality risk index developed for persons with dementia was used to stratify persons into groups at high and low risk of 12‐month mortality. Expenditures were compiled from Medicare claims for 12 months after the predicted mortality classification.Setting: The Medicare Alzheimer's Disease Demonstration Evaluation (MADDE) operated in eight sites across the United States. Subjects were living in a community setting at time of their mortality risk classification.Participants: Participants (N=2,255) were volunteer enrollees in MADDE; all had a diagnosis of irreversible dementia and two or more limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs).Measurements: Outcomes were Medicare Part A expenditures. Risk factors included age, sex, ADL limitations, selected chronic conditions, prior year hospital stays, and relationship to caregiver.Results: Patients predicted as at high risk of death had higher average monthly Medicare expenditures than those predicted to be at low risk of death. At the 50th sensitivity percentile for mortality, differences in average expenditures exceeded $700 per month.Conclusion: It is not known whether it is possible to achieve reductions in expenditures for patients with advanced dementia at high risk of mortality, but study findings support consideration of an advanced illness model that would attempt to generate acute services savings and use these savings for palliative services that might improve patients' and caregivers' quality of life.
Continuous Progression of Orthostatic Tachycardia as a Further Feature of the Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
Authors: DIEHL ROLF R. 
Published: September 2005

Background: The clinical diagnosis of the postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) includes the demonstration of an upright heart rate (HR) of at least 30 beats per minute (bpm) above supine HR. The dynamic behavior of HR during the course of standing has not yet been studied systematically in POTS.
Methods: HR and arterial blood pressure (ABP) were continuously monitored in 17 POTS patients and in 24 age‐matched controls at rest and during an 11‐minute phase of 80° tilt.
Results: ABP values at different time intervals of the protocol did not differ between the subgroups with the exception of higher diastolic pressures in POTS after 5 and 10 minutes of tilt. POTS patients showed a higher resting HR (80.6 ± 17.0 bpm vs 67.8 ± 10.9 bpm in controls, P < 0.05) and there was a continuous HR acceleration in the course of the 11‐minute tilt phase. In control subjects, the tilt‐induced HR increase was nearly completed after 1 minute with only a minimal further rise between minute 1 and minute 10 (from 83.7 ± 11.5 to 85.3 ± 11.9 bpm vs from 106.1 ± 15.6 to 120.1 ± 13.8 bpm in POTS).
Conclusions: Continuously progressing orthostatic tachycardia can serve as an additional criterion in the diagnosis of POTS. It may be related to the recently observed increased orthostatic capillary filtration rate in POTS.
FbpA-Dependent Biosynthesis of Trehalose Dimycolate Is Required for the Intrinsic Multidrug Resistance, Cell Wall Structure, and Colonial Morphology of
Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Nguyen Liem , Chinnapapagari Satheesh , Thompson Charles J. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT

Ligation of mycolic acids to structural components of the mycobacterial cell wall generates a hydrophobic, impermeable barrier that provides resistance to toxic compounds such as antibiotics. Secreted proteins FbpA, FbpB, and FbpC attach mycolic acids to arabinogalactan, generating mycolic acid methyl esters (MAME) or trehalose, generating α,α′-trehalose dimycolate (TDM; also called cord factor). Our studies of
Mycobacterium smegmatis
showed that disruption of
fbpA
did not affect MAME levels but resulted in a 45% reduction of TDM. The
fbpA
mutant displayed increased sensitivity to both front-line tuberculosis-targeted drugs as well as other broad-spectrum antibiotics widely used for antibacterial chemotherapy. The irregular, hydrophobic surface of wild-type
M. smegmatis
colonies became hydrophilic and smooth in the mutant. While expression of
M. smegmatis fbpA
restored defects of the mutant, heterologous expression of the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis fbpA
gene was less effective. A single mutation in the
M. smegmatis
FbpA esterase domain inactivated its ability to provide antibiotic resistance. These data show that production of TDM by FbpA is essential for the intrinsic antibiotic resistance and normal colonial morphology of some mycobacteria and support the concept that FbpA-specific inhibitors, alone or in combination with other antibiotics, could provide an effective treatment to tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases.
DOS
Ec
, a Heme-Regulated Phosphodiesterase, Plays an Important Role in the Regulation of the Cyclic AMP Level in
Escherichia coli
Authors: Yoshimura-Suzuki Tokiko , Sagami Ikuko , Yokota Nao , Kurokawa Hirofumi , Shimizu Toru 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT

Heme-regulated phosphodiesterase from
Escherichia coli
(DOS
Ec
) catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in vitro and is regulated by the redox state of the bound heme. Changes in the redox state result in alterations in the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme, which is then transmitted to the functional domain to switch catalysis on or off. Because DOS
Ec
was originally cloned from
E. coli
genomic DNA, it has not been known whether it is actually expressed in wild-type
E. coli
. In addition, the turnover number of DOS
Ec
using cAMP as a substrate is only 0.15 min
−1
, which is relatively low for a physiologically relevant enzyme. In the present study, we demonstrated for the first time that the DOS
Ec
gene and protein are expressed in wild-type
E. coli
, especially under aerobic conditions. We also developed a DOS
Ec
gene knockout strain (Δ
dos
). Interestingly, the knockout of
dos
caused excess accumulation of intracellular cAMP (26-fold higher than in the wild-type strain) under aerobic conditions, whereas accumulation of cAMP was not observed under anaerobic conditions. We also found differences in cell morphology and growth rate between the mutant cells and the wild-type strain. The changes in the knockout strain were partially complemented by introducing an expression plasmid for
dos
. Thus, the present study revealed that expression of DOS
Ec
is regulated according to environmental O
2
availability at the transcriptional level and that the concentration of cAMP in cells is regulated by DOS
Ec
expression.
Phenotypic Convergence Mediated by GGDEF-Domain-Containing Proteins
Authors: Simm Roger , Fetherston Jacqueline D. , Kader Abdul , Römling Ute , Perry Robert D. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT

GGDEF domain-containing proteins have been implicated in bacterial signal transduction and synthesis of the second messenger molecule cyclic-di-GMP. A number of GGDEF proteins are involved in controlling the formation of extracellular matrices. AdrA (
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium) and HmsT (
Yersinia pestis
) contain GGDEF domains and are required for extracellular cellulose production and biofilm formation, respectively. Here we show that
hmsT
is able to restore cellulose synthesis to a
Salmonella
serovar Typhimurium
adrA
mutant and that
adrA
can replace
hmsT
in
Y. pestis
Hms-dependent biofilm formation. Like
Y. pestis
HmsT overproducers,
Y. pestis
cells carrying
adrA
under the control of an arabinose-inducible promoter produced substantial biofilms in the presence of arabinose. Finally, we demonstrate that HmsT is involved in the synthesis of cyclic di-GMP.
Changes in the circumstances of young mothers in Britain: 1990 to 2000
Authors: Nanchahal Kiran , Wellings Kaye , Barrett Geraldine , Copas Andrew J , Mercer Catherine H , Macmanus Sally , Macdowall Wendy , Fenton Kevin A , Erens Bob , Johnson Anne M 
Published: September 2005

Objectives:To assess changes between 1990 and 2000 in the circumstances of women who became mothers before the age of 18.Design:Two cross sectional probability sample surveys of the general population carried out in 1989–1991 (Natsal 1990) and 1999–2001 (Natsal 2000).Setting:British households.Participants:Women aged 18 to 27 years at time of survey (Natsal 1990: 2575, Natsal 2000: 1757).Main outcome measures:Educational attainment, participation in education/work or training, living in social housing, social class, living as lone adult, parity, ill health, and health related behaviours at the time of the interview.Results:The proportion of women who were sexually active before 18 increased between 1990 and 2000 from 58.9% to 71.3% (p<0.0001). There was no significant change in the proportion who had a child before the age of 18 (4.7% in 1990, 5.3% in 2000, p = 0.390). The proportion who had attained no educational qualifications and were not participating in education/work or training was significantly lower in 2000 than in 1990 for all women aged 18–27, but higher among those who were mothers before age 18, although the relative difference was not statistically significant. The proportion living in social housing or reporting a recent long term illness at time of interview was higher and this trend was more pronounced among women who did not experience motherhood before 18 than those who did, but the differences between these groups of women were not statistically significant.Conclusion:Motherhood before the age of 18 continues to be related to a variety of adverse circumstances in adult life, including lack of educational attainment, not being in education/work or training, lone parenthood, and a reduced likelihood of home ownership. There is little evidence of improvement in the circumstances of young mothers between 1990 and 2000 despite improvements in life chances among young women in general.
p53 Modulates RPA-Dependent and RPA-Independent WRN Helicase Activity
Authors: Sommers Joshua A. , Sharma Sudha , Doherty Kevin M. , Karmakar Parimal , Yang Qin , Kenny Mark K. , Harris Curtis C. , Brosh Robert M. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Werner syndrome is a hereditary disorder characterized by the early onset of age-related symptoms, including cancer. The absence of a p53-WRN helicase interaction may disrupt the signal to direct S-phase cells into apoptosis for programmed cell death and contribute to the pronounced genomic instability and cancer predisposition in Werner syndrome cells. Results from coimmunoprecipitation studies indicate that WRN is associated with replication protein A (RPA) and p53 in vivo before and after treatment with the replication inhibitor hydroxyurea or γ-irradiation that introduces DNA strand breaks. Analysis of the protein interactions among purified recombinant WRN, RPA, and p53 proteins indicate that all three protein pairs bind with similar affinity in the low nanomolar range. In vitro studies show that p53 inhibits RPA-stimulated WRN helicase activity on an 849-bp M13 partial duplex substrate. p53 also inhibited WRN unwinding of a short (19-bp) forked duplex substrate in the absence of RPA. WRN unwinding of the forked duplex substrate was specific, because helicase inhibition mediated by p53 was retained in the presence of excess competitor DNA and was significantly reduced or absent in helicase reactions catalyzed by a WRN helicase domain fragment lacking the p53 binding site or the human RECQ1 DNA helicase, respectively. p53 effectively inhibited WRN helicase activity on model DNA substrate intermediates of replication/repair, a 5′ ssDNA flap structure and a synthetic replication fork. Regulation of WRN helicase activity by p53 is likely to play an important role in genomic integrity surveillance, a vital function in the prevention of tumor progression.
[99mTcOAADT]-(CH2)2-NEt2: A Potential Small-Molecule Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Probe for Imaging Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Cheng Zhen , Mahmood Ashfaq , Li Huazhi , Davison Alan , Jones Alun G. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Evaluation of [99mTc]oxotechnetium(V) complexes of the amine-amide-dithiol (AADT) chelates containing tertiary amine substituents as small-molecule probes for the diagnostic imaging of metastatic melanoma has shown that technetium-99m–labeled AADT-(CH2)2-NEt2 (99mTc-1) has the highest tumor uptake and other favorable biological properties. We have, therefore, assessed this agent in a more realistic metastatic melanoma model in which, after i.v. tail injection, a highly invasive melanoma cell line, B16F10, forms pulmonary tumor nodules in normal C57BL6 mice. Small melanotic lesions develop in the lungs and, on histologic examination, appear as small black melanoma colonies, increasing in size and number with time after tumor cell injection. Groups of mice received tumor cell inocula of 2 × 105, 4 × 105, or 8 × 105 B16F10 cells; 14 days later, 2 hours after 99mTc-1 administration, lung uptake of 2.83 ± 0.21%, 3.63 ± 1.07%, and 4.92 ± 1.61% injected dose per gram of tissue (% ID/g), respectively, was observed, compared with normal lung uptake of 2.13 ± 0.2% ID/g (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, a higher level of 99mTc-1 accumulation was seen 17 days after tumor cell inoculation as the lung lesions grew. These in vivo studies coupled with additional in vitro and ex vivo assessment show that 99mTc-1 has high and specific uptake in melanoma metastases in lungs and can potentially follow the temporal growth of these tumors.
The Growth Arrest Function of the Human Oncoprotein Mouse Double Minute-2 Is Disabled by Downstream Mutation in Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhou Ruizhe , Frum Rebecca , Deb Sumitra , Deb Swati P. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
We have reported earlier that ectopic expression of mouse double minute-2 (MDM2) induces G1 arrest in normal cells. To explain occasional overexpression of MDM2 in cancer cells, we searched for deletion or substitution mutation in the growth suppressor domains of MDM2 in several breast cancer cell lines that overexpress the oncoprotein. Our results suggest the absence of alteration (deletion or substitution) in the open reading frame of MDM2 transcripts in such cells. Because the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 overexpresses MDM2, we isolated the full-length MDM2 transcript from this cell line. The MDM2 cDNA synthesized from transcripts isolated from MCF-7 cells induced inhibition of G1 to S phase transition in normal human diploid cells such as WI38, suggesting that the genetic alterations in breast cancer cells that overexpress MDM2 disable the growth arrest function of the oncoprotein. Consistently, overexpression of full-length MDM2 in MCF-7 cells over its high endogenous level did not inhibit G1-S transition efficiently. Although MDM2 overexpression was accompanied by CDK4 overexpression or absence of cdk4 inhibitor p16 in most breast cancer cells, we found remarkably high levels of cyclin A rather than cyclin E in these cells. Ectopic expression of cyclin A released MDM2-mediated inhibition of G1-S transition in normal human diploid WI38 cells. We propose that cancer cells expressing high levels of cyclin A escape MDM2-mediated G1 arrest, which may account for a selective growth advantage over normal cells.