bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Algorithm for identifying and separating beats from arterial pulse records
Authors: Treo Ernesto F , Herrera Myriam C , Valentinuzzi Max E 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
This project was designed as an epidemiological aid-selecting tool for a small country health center with the general objective of screening out possible coronary patients. Peripheral artery function can be non-invasively evaluated by impedance plethysmography. Changes in these vessels appear as good predictors of future coronary behavior. Impedance plethysmography detects volume variations after simple occlusive maneuvers that may show indicative modifications in arterial/venous responses. Averaging of a series of pulses is needed and this, in turn, requires proper determination of the beginning and end of each beat. Thus, the objective here is to describe an algorithm to identify and separate out beats from a plethysmographic record. A secondary objective was to compare the output given by human operators against the algorithm.

Methods
The identification algorithm detected the beat's onset and end on the basis of the maximum rising phase, the choice of possible ventricular systolic starting points considering cardiac frequency, and the adjustment of some tolerance values to optimize the behavior. Out of 800 patients in the study, 40 occlusive records (supradiastolic- subsystolic) were randomly selected without any preliminary diagnosis. Radial impedance plethysmographic pulse and standard ECG were recorded digitizing and storing the data. Cardiac frequency was estimated with the Power Density Function and, thereafter, the signal was derived twice, followed by binarization of the first derivative and rectification of the second derivative. The product of the two latter results led to a weighing signal from which the cycles' onsets and ends were established. Weighed and frequency filters are needed along with the pre-establishment of their respective tolerances. Out of the 40 records, 30 seconds strands were randomly chosen to be analyzed by the algorithm and by two operators. Sensitivity and accuracy were calculated by means of the true/false and positive/negative criteria. Synchronization ability was measured through the coefficient of variation and the median value of correlation for each patient. These parameters were assessed by means of Friedman's ANOVA and Kendall Concordance test.

Results
Sensitivity was 97% and 91% for the two operators, respectively, while accuracy was cero for both of them. The synchronism variability analysis was significant (p < 0.01) for the two statistics, showing that the algorithm produced the best result.

Conclusion
The proposed algorithm showed good performance as expressed by its high sensitivity. The correlation analysis demonstrated that, from the synchronism point of view, the algorithm performed the best detection. Patients with marked arrhythmic processes are not good candidates for this kind of analysis. At most, they would be singled out by the algorithm and, thereafter, to be checked by an operator.
Use of Proteomic Methods to Identify Serum Biomarkers Associated with Rat Liver Toxicity or Hypertrophy
Authors: Amacher David E , Adler Rick , Herath Athula , Townsend R Reid 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackground: Our objectives were to identify serum marker proteins in rats that might serve as sensitive indicators of hepatomegaly, hepatocellular necrosis, or hepatobiliary injury and to use them to analyze data from a collaborative proteomics project.Methods: In each of 4 studies comprising the collaborative project, rats were given 1 of 4 compounds that target the liver through different mechanisms. Sera and liver samples were collected by terminal bleeds at 1 of 3 postdose time points. Sera were depleted of major secretory proteins and then separated into protein features by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE). Liver specimens were also processed and subjected to 2DGE. Protein spots that significantly increased or decreased in quantity after drug treatment were recovered, digested, analyzed by mass spectroscopy, and compared with available databases for identification. Criteria for further consideration were (a) temporal expression (i.e., increase or decrease at early, fulminant, or recovery periods), (b) known biological function, (c) probable hepatic origin, and (d) any previous association with toxicity in published studies. Markers that changed significantly at the early time point were important because of their potential sensitivity for signaling minimal damage.Results: Vitamin D–binding protein, paraoxonase, cellular retinol-binding protein, malate dehydrogenase, F-protein, and purine nucleoside phosphorylase were identified as empirically confirmed serum markers for hepatic effects in drug-treated rats.Conclusion: Proteomics can be applied for the identification and confirmation of peripheral biomarkers for altered liver function after toxicant exposure.
Thermoplastic vulcanizates based on poly(methyl methacrylate)/epoxidized natural rubber blends: Mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties
Authors: Nakason Charoen , Tobprakhon Akarapong , Kaesaman Azizon 
Published: August 2005

AbstractEpoxidized natural rubbers (ENRs) with epoxide levels of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mol % were prepared. The ENRs were later used to prepare thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) by blending them with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) using various formulations. Dynamic vulcanization, using sulfur as a vulcanizing agent, was performed during the mixing process. The mixing torque increased as the ENR contents and epoxide molar percentage increased. This was because of an increasing chemical interaction between the polar groups of the blend components, particularly at the interface between the elastomeric and thermoplastic phases. The ultimate tensile strength of the TPVs with ENR‐20 was high because of strain‐induced crystallization. ENRs with epoxide levels >30 mol % exhibited an increase of tensile strength because of increasing levels of chemical interaction between the molecules and the different phases. The hardness of the TPVs also increased with increased epoxide levels but decreased with increased contents of ENRs. Two morphology phases with small domains of vulcanized ENR particles dispersed in the PMMA matrix were observed from scanning electron microscopy micrographs. The TPVs based on ENR‐20 and ENR‐50 showed smaller dispersed rubber domains than those of the other types of ENRs. Furthermore, the size of the vulcanized rubber domain decreased with increasing amounts of PMMA in the blends. The decomposition temperature of the TPVs also increased as both the levels of ENRs in the blends and the epoxide molar percentage increased. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1251–1261, 2005
Impedance spectra of carbon black filled high‐density polyethylene composites
Authors: Wang Yan‐Jie , Pan Yi , Zhang Xiang‐Wu , Tan Kai 
Published: August 2005

AbstractCarbon black (CB) filled high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) composites are prepared by ordinary blending for use as an electrical conductive polymer composite. The composite changes from an electrical insulator to a conductor as the CB content is increased from 10 to 20 wt %, which is called the percolation region. For explanatory purposes, three models, namely, “conduction via nonohmic contacting chain,” “conduction via ohmic contacting chain,” and a mixture of them corresponding to the conductions in the percolation region, high CB loading region, and limiting high CB loading are proposed by the reasonable configurations of aggregate resistance, contact resistance, gap capacitance, and joining aggregates induction. The characters of the impedance spectra based on the three models are theoretically analyzed. In order to find some link between the electrical conductivity and the CB dispersion manner in the composites, the impedance spectra of three samples, HDPE/15 wt % CB (the center of the percolation region), HDPE/25 wt % CB (a typical point in the high CB loading region), and HDPE/19 wt % CB (the limiting high CB loading region), are measured by plotting the impedance modulus and phase angle against the frequency and by drawing the Cole–Cole circle of the imaginary part and real part of the impedance modulus of each sample. The modeled approached spectra and the spectra measured on the three samples are compared and the following results are found: the measured impedance spectrum of HDPE/15 wt % CB (percolation region) is quite close to the model of conduction via nonohmic contacting chain. The character of the measured spectrum of HDPE/25 wt % CB consists of the form of the model of conduction via ohmic contacting chain. The impedance behavior of HDPE/19 wt % CB exhibits a mixture of the two models. From the comparisons, it is concluded that the electrical conducting network in the percolation region of the CB filled HDPE composite is composed of aggregate resistance, nonohmic contact resistance, and gap capacitance, and that of the high CB loading region consists of continuously joined CB aggregate chains, which are possibly wound and assume helix‐like (not straight lines) conductive chains, acting as electrical inductions as the current passes through. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1344–1350, 2005
Changes of defensive functioning. does interpretation contribute to change?
Authors: Hersoug Anne Grete , Bøgwald Kjell‐Petter , Høglend Per 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this process–outcome study, we explored the changes of patients' defensive functioning (rated with the Defence Mechanism Rating Scales) over the course of brief dynamic psychotherapy (N= 39, maximum 40 sessions). We investigated whether therapists' use of interpretation (rated with the Psychodynamic Intervention Rating Scale) would influence the development of maladaptive defensive functioning. The proportion of maladaptive defences was reduced during therapy. A higher proportion of interpretation was associated with less use of maladaptive defence after therapy, whereas the use of interpretation was not predictive of the change of adaptive defensive functioning. Therapists' use of supportive interventions did not impact the development of either maladaptive or adaptive defences. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is talking about an emotional experience helpful? effects on emotional recovery and perceived benefits
Authors: Zech Emmanuelle , Rimé Bernard 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPeople generally share their emotions with others and believe that they will recover from their emotions after having talked about them. The aims of the present studies were to examine whether (1) talking about a specific emotional episode really facilitates emotional recovery (‘recovery’ effect) and (2) talking about emotions leads to perceived benefits (‘perceived benefits’). Consistently in the two studies, a decrease of emotional impact was found over time for participants in all conditions. Contrary to expectations, participants assigned to talk about their emotions did not demonstrate beneficial recovery effects at 3 or 7 days or 2 months compared with participants assigned to a factual description of the event (experiment 1), to the expression of another emotional event (experiment 2), to a trivial control condition (experiments 1 and 2) or to a non‐talking condition (experiment 2). However, in the two experiments, participants assigned to talk about negative emotional experiences reported more subjective benefits from the session than control participants. The role of personal beliefs about the effects of social sharing of emotion is discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Xyloketal F: A Strong L‐Calcium Channel Blocker from the Mangrove Fungus Xylaria sp. (#2508) from the South China Sea Coast
Authors: Wu Xiong Yu , Liu Xiao Hong , Lin Yong Cheng , Luo Jing Hui , She Zhi Gang , Houjin Li , Chan Wing Lai , Antus Sándor , Kurtan Tibor , Elsässer Brigitta , Krohn Karsten 
Published: August 2005

AbstractXyloketal F (1), an unusual metabolite with strong L‐calcium channel blocking activity, was isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. (#2508) collected at the South China Sea coast. Its structure was elucidated by spectral and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by the method of quantum‐mechanical calculation of CD spectra. Compound 1 was also synthesized by condensation of xyloketal B with formaldehyde. The L‐calcium channel blocking activities of xyloketals B, A, and F were determined, and at the same concentration (0.03 μmol/L), the inhibiting rates were 12.05 %, 21.47 %, and 50.33 % respectively. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Comparison of methanol and acetonitrile as solvents for the separation of sertindole and its major metabolites by capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Subirats Xavier , Reinstadler Sigrun , Porras Simo P. , Raggi Maria Augusta , Kenndler Ernst 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSertindole (1‐[2‐[4‐[5‐chloro‐1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl]‐1‐piperidinyl]ethyl]‐2‐imidazolidinone), an atypical antipsychotic drug, was separated by capillary electrophoresis from its two main metabolites norsertindole and dehydrosertindole. The low solubility of the analytes in water (octanol‐water partition coefficient is about 105) is overcome by the use of methanol (MeOH) and acetonitrile (ACN) as solvents for the background electrolyte (BGE). Mobilities were measured in BGEs with defined pH in a broad range. It was found that in MeOH the mobility of the analytes is mainly governed by acid–base equilibria, whereas in ACN other reactions like ion pairing and homoconjugation play a pronounced role and lead to a complex pattern of the mobility as function of the pH. However, separation can be obtained in less than 10 min in both solvent systems.
Determination of hydrazine, monomethylhydrazine, 1,1‐dimethylhydrazine, and 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection
Authors: Guo Lei , Matysik Frank‐Michael , Gläser Petra , Engewald Werner 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe present study is concerned with the application of nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) with electrochemical detection (ED) to the separation and quantitative determination of hydrazine (Hy) and its methyl derivatives. The best performance of NACE‐ED was found when using 4 mM sodium acetate/10 mM acetic acid/methanol: acetonitrile = 1:2 as the running buffer, with a bare platinum working electrode set at +1.0 V in an end‐column amperometric detection cell. The choice and ratio of suitable solvents for the separation and injection media played an essential role for the performance characteristics of the method. The limits of detection for Hy, methylhydrazine, symmetrical dimethylhydrazine, and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine were 5, 2, 12, and 1 ng/mL, respectively. This is between one and two orders of magnitude lower than that achieved by previously reported CE‐ED methods in aqueous buffer systems in conjunction with various types of chemically modified electrodes. The practical utility of the new NACE‐ED methodology is demonstrated in terms of the determination of traces of Hys in spiked environmental samples containing a wide range of explosives and related compounds.
Operator‐splitting method for real‐time substructure testing
Authors: Wu Bin , Xu Guoshan , Wang Qianying , Williams Martin S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIt has been shown that the operator‐splitting method (OSM) provides explicit and unconditionally stable solutions for quasi‐static pseudo‐dynamic substructure testing. However, the OSM provides only an explicit target displacement but not an explicit target velocity, so that it is essentially an implicit method for real‐time substructure testing (RST) when the velocity‐dependent restoring force is considered. This paper proposes a target velocity formulation based on the forward difference of the predicted displacements so as to render the OSM explicit for RST. The stability and accuracy of the resulting OSM‐RST algorithm are investigated. It is shown that the OSM‐RST is unconditionally stable so long as the non‐linear stiffness and damping are of the softening type (i.e. the tangent stiffness and damping never exceed the initial values). The stability of the OSM‐RST for structures with infinite tangent damping coefficient or stiffness is also proved, and the stability of the method for MDOF structures with a non‐classical damping matrix is demonstrated by an energy criterion. The effects of actuator delay and compensation are analysed based on the bilinear approximation of the actuator step response. Experiments on damped SDOF and MDOF structures verify that the stability of the OSM‐RST is preserved when the experimental substructure generates velocity‐dependent reaction forces, whereas the stability of real‐time substructure tests based on the central difference method is worsened by the damping of the specimen. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differing strategies of patterning of follicular cells in higher and lower brachycerans (Diptera: Brachycera)
Authors: Tworzydlo Waclaw , Jablonska Anna , Kisiel Elzbieta , Bilinski Szczepan M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn all higher dipterans (Brachycera), including the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster, each egg chamber (ovarian follicle) consists of a group (clone) of germ cells (one oocyte and 15 accompanying nurse cells) that is surrounded by a layer of somatic mesodermal follicular cells (FCs). As oogenesis progresses the initially uniform FCs diversify into several morphologically and functionally distinct subpopulations. In D. melanogaster some of these subpopulations, e.g., border, centripetal, and dorsolateral cells, undertake coordinated migration or rearrangement over the surface of the germ cells. During the final stages of oogenesis these subpopulations participate in the formation of a complex, regionally specialized eggshell. In representatives of lower brachycerans (Orthorrhapha), only FCs that undertake active, directed migration are the border cells. These cells originate at the anterior pole of the ovarian follicle and migrate between the nurse cells to the anterior pole of the oocyte. Reduced motility of FCs in lower brachycerans results in the absence of certain FC subpopulations in their egg chambers and subsequent simplicity of their eggshells. We found that the lack of some FC subpopulations coincided with the appearance of lamellipodium‐like protrusions of the oocyte. These protrusions penetrated between the apposing membranes of nurse and FCs and partially enveloped the nurse cell compartment. Analysis of whole‐mount preparations stained with rhodamine‐conjugated phalloidin revealed that the protrusions contained microfilaments and that their tips were equipped with actin‐rich filopodium‐like processes. We also found that in some lower brachycerans (representatives of the family Rhagionidae), the FCs located at the posterior pole of the oocyte, became enlarged and morphologically similar to the anterior border cells. These findings indicate that in higher dipterans the processes leading to the formation of a functional egg are variable and often markedly different from those in the model organism, D. melanogaster. genesis 43:49–58, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multi‐center nature of heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts: TREF confirmation
Authors: Kissin Yury V. , Mirabella Francis M. , Meverden Craig C. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA new approach to detailed Tref analysis of ethylene/α‐olefin copolymers prepared with multi‐center polymerization catalysts is developed. It is based on resolution of complex Tref curves into elemental components described with the Lorentz distribution function. This approach was applied to the study of a series of ethylene/1‐butene copolymers prepared with a supported Ti‐based catalyst. The analysis showed that the copolymers, which, on average, contain from 6.5 to 3.5 mol % of 1‐butene, consist of seven discrete components with different compositions, ranging from a completely amorphous material with a 1‐butene content of > 15–20 mol %, to two highly crystalline components with 1‐butene contents < 1 mol %. A comparison of these Tref results with the data on the molecular weight distribution of the copolymers (based on resolution of their GPC curves) shows that Tref and GPC data provide complimentary information on the properties of active centers in the catalysts in terms of the molecular weights of the material they produce and their ability to copolymerize α‐olefins with ethylene. Tref analysis of copolymers produced at different reaction times showed that the active centers responsible for the formation of various Tref components differ in the rates of their formation and in stability. The centers that produce copolymer molecules with a high 1‐butene content are formed rapidly but decay rapidly as well whereas the centers producing copolymer molecules with a low 1‐butene content are formed more slowly but are more stable. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4351–4362, 2005
Anionic polymerization of methyl methacrylate by initiating systems based on lithium amides of various secondary amines
Authors: Ihara Eiji , Omura Naohiro , Tanaka Shinsuke , Itoh Tomomichi , Inoue Kenzo 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe anionic polymerization of methyl methacrylate in toluene at −78 °C with lithium amides of various secondary amines (diisopropylamine, N‐isopropylaniline, N‐n‐butylaniline, indoline, and N‐ethyl‐o‐toluidine) as initiators was studied. The tacticity of the resulting poly(methyl methacrylate)s (PMMAs) was dependent on the kind of secondary amine, and highly isotactic PMMAs (91–93% mm) were obtained when lithium amides of N‐isopropylaniline and N‐n‐butylaniline were employed. The isotacticity of the PMMAs further increased up to 98% mm with initiating systems composed of the lithium amides, n‐butyllithium, and transition‐metal halides (WCl6, MoCl5, and NbCl5). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4405–4411, 2005
Synthesis and characterization of poly[styrene‐b‐methyl(3,3,3‐trifluoropropyl)siloxane] diblock copolymers via anionic polymerization
Authors: Yi Lingmin , Zhan Xiaoli , Chen Fengqiu , Du Feng , Huang Linbing 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA series of narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD) polystyrene‐b‐poly[methyl(3,3,3‐trifluoropropyl)siloxane] (PS‐b‐PMTFPS) diblock copolymers were synthesized by the sequential anionic polymerization of styrene and trans‐1,3,5‐trimethyl‐1,3,5‐tris(3′,3′,3′‐trifluoropropyl)cyclotrisiloxane in tetrahydrofuran (THF) with n‐butyllithium as the initiator. The diblock copolymers had narrow MWDs ranging from 1.06 to 1.20 and number‐average molecular weights ranging from 8.2 × 103 to 37.1 × 103. To investigate the properties of the copolymers, diblock copolymers with different weight fractions of poly[methyl(3,3,3‐trifluoropropyl)siloxane] (15.4–78.8 wt %) were prepared. The compositions of the diblock copolymers were calculated from the characteristic proton integrals of 1H NMR spectra. For the anionic ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of 1,3,5‐trimethyl‐1,3,5‐tris(3′,3′,3′‐trifluoropropyl)cyclotrisiloxane (F3) initiated by polystyryllithium, high monomer concentrations could give high polymer yields and good control of MWDs when THF was used as the polymerization solvent. It was speculated that good control of the block copolymerization under the condition of high monomer concentrations was due to the slowdown of the anionic ROP rate of F3 and the steric hindrance of the polystyrene precursors. There was enough time to terminate the ROP of F3 when the polymer yield was high, and good control of block copolymerization could be achieved thereafter. The thermal properties (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis) were also investigated for the PS‐b‐PMTFPS diblock copolymers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4431–4438, 2005