bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and Support for Family Caregivers in Caring for Older Adults with Dementia: A Qualitative Study in Indonesia
Authors: Widyastuti Rita Hadi , Sahar Junaiti , Rekawati Etty , Kekalih Aria 
Published: October 2023

Background: Understanding the barriers and support that family caregivers face when caring for older adults with dementia is critical for improving the quality of dementia care. However, research in this area remains limited in Indonesia. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the barriers and support for family caregivers in caring for older adults with dementia in Indonesia.Methods: A descriptive phenomenological study was conducted among 15 family caregivers who cared for older adults with dementia. Purposive sampling was used to recruit the participants. Inclusion criteria included primary family caregivers who provided care for four hours per day for at least six months, were proficient in Indonesian, assisted older adults in daily activities, and were capable of expressing their experiences. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the Colaizzi method. Results: This study found that family caregivers faced barriers during the care of older adults with dementia, which have decreased the quality of care. These barriers included inadequate knowledge and skills of family caregivers regarding dementia, stigma, lack of knowledge and awareness in the community, limited availability of healthcare services, and healthcare professionals’ lack of knowledge about dementia. On the other hand, support received by family caregivers within the family, support from other family caregivers, and education provided by NGOs about caring for someone with dementia have shown a positive impact in reducing the burden on caregivers and improving the quality of care. Therefore, appropriate support is essential for family caregivers caring for older adults with dementia.Conclusion: This study showed that barriers originating from family caregivers, community awareness, access to health services, and barriers from health workers have impacted poor quality of care, while the support of families, fellow family caregivers, and NGOs have contributed to good quality of care. Further studies are needed to explore the perspectives of family caregivers representing different cultures in Indonesia.
Gwarancje jakości prawa w przepisach Ustawy z dnia 6 marca 2018 r. – Prawo przedsiębiorców
Authors: Etel Maciej 
Published: October 2023

The legal situation of entrepreneurs in Poland is determined by a huge number of normative acts. However, the legislator’s interest in entrepreneurs and economic activity should not come as a surprise. Indeed, an economically conscious state cannot afford to be indifferent to the entrepreneur and, even in a market economy, should normatively regulate the rules for undertaking, performing and terminating economic activities and shape the rights and obligations in this regard. It must also be remembered that the matter to be regulated is very broad, complex and multi- faceted, and the law must take into account the enormous diversity of relationships, roles, events and facts in which the entrepreneur functions in connection with their economic activity. On this basis, it can be assumed that the law that determines the rules for undertaking, performing and terminating economic activities is natural and necessary. Nevertheless, it should be clearly emphasized that the quality of the law shaping the situation of entrepreneurs and their economic activities should be prioritized as an overriding and fundamental value – the appropriate quality of the law (i.e., properly enacted and applied) is a sine qua non of economic development, while a lack of quality in the sphere of lawmaking and application makes it difficult or even impossible for entrepreneurs to function, and thus leads to stagnation or regression in the economy. The study is focused on the guarantees of the quality of lawmaking and application empowered by the Act of 6 III 2018 – Entrepreneurs’ Law. Analyzing the provisions of this act makes it possible to identify the regulations focused on the quality of lawmaking and application. The study also aims to answer the question: Can the guarantees set out in this Act contribute to improving the quality of lawmaking and application of the law on the undertaking, conduct and termination of economic activity?
Prywatność vs. świat wirtualny: ochrona praw jednostki w dobie Internetu
Authors: Cłapińska Katarzyna 
Published: October 2023

The article aims to indicate the most important issues facing an individual wishing to protect his or her privacy on the Internet. It also describes the evolution of the concept of the right to privacy, which over the years has become one of the most important subjective rights reﬂected both in the Polish Constitution and in the legal acts of the Council of Europe and the European Union. The text also demonstrates the approach to the issue of the right to privacy taken by both the Polish constitutional and international judiciary. The European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, in the cases of Dupate v. Latvia and Brother Watch and others v. United Kingdom, dealt with both the publication of photographs of a public ﬁgure taken surreptitiously in a private situation and mass surveillance. The Court of Justice of the European Union in Luxembourg, in its judgments, has often referred to the issue of the protection of telecommunications data, including the question of access by state services to such data (H.K case) and the rights and obligations created by Articles 7 and 8 of the Charter (Kärntner Landesregierung and Digital Rights Ireland Ltd case). The European Union authorities, reacting to the increasingly widespread problem of data ﬂows on the Internet, decided to enact the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The article describes the most important objectives and tasks to be fulﬁlled by this legal act. In addition, the main problems associated with the use of new technologies such as cybercrimes, cyber surveillance, data theft, as well as cryptojacking and the functioning of APTs (Advanced Persistent Threat), i.e. skilled hacking groups, are also indicated.
Task Force gegen Hass und Hetze
Authors: Schüttler Markus 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Nach der Landtagswahl 2021 wurde in Baden-Württemberg eine Task Force Gegen Hass und Hetze eingerichtet und beim Landeskriminalamt angesiedelt. Mit Hilfe verschiedener Ansätze und verbesserter Kooperation entwickelt die Task Force wirksame Instrumente und Handlungsstrategien gegen die um sich greifende Hasskriminalität auf digitalen Plattformen.
Evaluation and low carbon ecological urban–rural planning and construction based on energy planning mechanism
Authors: Xiu Yujiao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In response to the problems of lack of planning in management and high difficulty in law enforcement in urban and rural planning (URP for short here) and construction, this article proposes to apply the concept of low-carbon ecology (LCE) to URP and construction and reasonably optimize URP and construction. This article provided a relevant analysis of urban and rural energy planning issues and applied the concept of LCE to URP and construction. This article constructed a framework for evaluating urban and rural carbon emissions, which is used to evaluate carbon emissions issues in URP and construction. This article also combines artificial neural network algorithms to further conduct experimental analysis on the scale of URP and construction land. In contrast, during the same period, the construction land scale of our algorithm increased by 179,800 acres less than that of the machine learning algorithm. The per capita area of urban and rural construction land decreased by 16.5 m2, and the gross domestic product (GDP) output of urban and rural construction land increased by 1.95 billion yuan. The algorithm in this article has increased by 155,200 acres compared to the construction land scale under deep learning. The per capita area of urban and rural construction land decreased by 7.1 m2, and the GDP output of urban and rural construction land increased by 915 million yuan. In summary, this algorithm can effectively increase the GDP output of urban and rural construction land, slow down the expansion of construction land scale, and play a good auxiliary role in URP and construction.
Monolingual disobedience, multilingual guilt?: an autoethnographic exploration of heritage language maintenance during COVID-19 lockdowns
Authors: Zhang-Wu Qianqian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this study I indicate that lengthened family interaction time during pandemic lockdowns can afford children significantly more exposure and opportunities to enhance their heritage language, but that this does not diminish the constant dilemma between striving to balance English acquisition and heritage language maintenance. Using autoethnography, and as a first-generation immigrant mother of a preschool-age Chinese American child, I will demonstrate how our family language policy and languaging practices evolved during the COVID19 lockdowns, and indicate how, despite the growing development of my child’s heritage language skills, her multilingualism was achieved at the cost of my constant ideological struggles between disobeying rampant English-only ideologies in society and feeling guilty about decentering academic English in our family language policy. With this study, I call for future research to adopt a longitudinal lens to explore whether shifting family language policies and languaging practices during lockdowns may have long-term influences on children from multilingual households.
Oil Prices Pass-Through to Domestic Inflation: Symmetric Versus Asymmetric Pass-Through
Authors: Mahmoud Ali Israa Ali , Ghoneim Hebatallah , Smolny Werner 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper analyses the world oil price pass-through to Egypt’s domestic inflation rate. The paper adopts the augmented Phillips curve framework and further extends it to consider the growing body of empirical evidence, suggesting that oil prices may have asymmetric effects on inflation. Accordingly, the paper examines and compares the symmetric and the asymmetric oil price pass-through to domestic inflation in the short run and the long run. A linear ARDL-ECM and the bounds cointegration tests are applied as well as a nonlinear asymmetric NARDL model and Wald tests for short-run and long-run asymmetries. The sample consists of quarterly data covering the period from 2001 Q3 to 2019 Q2. The results show that, in the short run, the pass-through of world oil prices to the Egyptian domestic inflation rate is symmetric and of small magnitude. However, on the long-run, oil price pass-through to inflation appears to be nonlinear and asymmetric, specifically, declining oil prices lead to a fall in domestic inflation that is more significant than the rise in inflation caused by rising oil prices.
Different Faces of Medial Beta-Band Activity Reflect Distinct Visuomotor Feedback Signals
Authors: Schwey Antoine , Battaglia Demian , Bahuguna Jyotika , Malfait Nicole 
Published: October 2023

Beta-band (13–35 Hz) modulations following reward, task outcome feedback, and error have been described in cognitive and/or motor adaptation tasks. Observations from different studies are, however, difficult to conciliate. Among the studies that used cognitive response selection tasks, several reported an increase in beta-band activity following reward, whereas others observed increased beta power after negative feedback. Moreover, in motor adaptation tasks, an attenuation of the postmovement beta rebound follows a movement execution error induced by visual or mechanical perturbations. Given that kinematic error typically leads to negative task–outcome feedback (e.g., target missed), one may wonder how contradictory modulations, beta power decrease with movement error versus beta power increase with negative feedback, may coexist. We designed a motor adaptation task in which female and male participants experience varied feedbacks—binary success/failure feedback, kinematic error, and sensory-prediction error—and demonstrate that beta-band modulations in opposite directions coexist at different spatial locations, time windows, and frequency ranges. First, high beta power in the medial frontal cortex showed opposite modulations well separated in time when compared in success and failure trials; that is, power was higher in success trials just after the binary success feedback, whereas it was lower in the postmovement period compared with failure trials. Second, although medial frontal high-beta activity was sensitive to task outcome, low-beta power in the medial parietal cortex was strongly attenuated following movement execution error but was not affected by either the outcome of the task or sensory-prediction error. These findings suggest that medial beta activity in different spatio-temporal-spectral configurations play a multifaceted role in encoding qualitatively distinct feedback signals.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBeta-band activity reflects neural processes well beyond sensorimotor functions, including cognition and motivation. By disentangling alternative spatio-temporal-spectral patterns of possible beta-oscillatory activity, we reconcile a seemingly discrepant literature. First, high-beta power in the medial frontal cortex showed opposite modulations separated in time in success and failure trials; power was higher in success trials just after success feedback and lower in the postmovement period compared with failure trials. Second, although medial frontal high-beta activity was sensitive to task outcome, low-beta power in the medial parietal cortex was strongly attenuated following movement execution error but was not affected by the task outcome or the sensory-prediction error. We propose that medial beta activity reflects distinct feedback signals depending on its anatomic location, time window, and frequency range.
Nutritional and metabolic control of germ cell fate through O‐GlcNAc regulation
Authors: Hayashi Yohei , Tando Yukiko , Ito‐Matsuoka Yumi , Ikuta Kaho , Takehara Asuka , Morino Katsutaro , Maegawa Hiroshi , Matsui Yasuhisa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFate determination of primordial germ cells (PGCs) is regulated in a multi‐layered manner, involving signaling pathways, epigenetic mechanisms, and transcriptional control. Chemical modification of macromolecules, including epigenetics, is expected to be closely related with metabolic mechanisms but the detailed molecular machinery linking these two layers remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway controls PGC fate determination via O‐linked β‐N‐acetylglucosamine (O‐GlcNAc) modification. Consistent with this model, reduction of carbohydrate metabolism via a maternal ketogenic diet that decreases O‐GlcNAcylation levels causes repression of PGC formation in vivo. Moreover, maternal ketogenic diet intake until mid‐gestation affects the number of ovarian germ cells in newborn pups. Taken together, we show that nutritional and metabolic mechanisms play a previously unappreciated role in PGC fate determination.
Paradigmenwechsel ante portas? Die neue Letztsicherungsfazilität (Backstop) des ESM
Authors: Kämmerer Jörn Axel 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Eine der wichtigsten Neuerungen der im Januar 2021 beschlossenen Reform des Europäischen Stabilitätsmechanismus (ESM) ist die Letztsicherungsfazilität, auch Backstop genannt. Sie wird, wenn der ESM-Änderungsvertrag in Kraft getreten ist, das Bindeglied zwischen der Bankenunion und dem für Staaten konzipierten „Rettungsschirm“ bilden. Im Anschluss an eine Positionsbestimmung des Backstop im System der unionalen Sicherungsmechanismen geht dieser Beitrag der Funktionsweise (und der Funktionalität) der Letztentscheidungsfazilität und dabei nicht zuletzt der Frage nach, ob sie im Einklang mit der auch rechtlich verbindlichen Maxime steht, Bail-out zu verhindern.
Lieferkettensorgfalt aus Bankensicht
Authors: Nietsch Michael 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Das seit dem 1. 1. 2023 geltende Lieferkettensorgfaltspflichtengesetz (LkSG) hat als Regelungsadressaten maßgeblich Unternehmen der Realindustrie vor Augen. Die Einbindung der Finanzindustrie in die Human Rights Due Diligence wird allerdings seit Langem diskutiert. Der EU-Gesetzgeber schickt sich nunmehr an, dies mit der geplanten Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive umzusetzen. Der nachfolgende Beitrag zeigt den bestehenden und im Werden begriffenen Rechtsrahmen für Banken und Kreditinstitute auf. Dabei beleuchtet er zugleich den Hintergrund des die Entwicklung maßgeblich treibenden Soft Law. In seinen Schlussfolgerungen werden die bislang kaum diskutierten Prämissen einer verstärkten Einbindung der Finanzindustrie in lieferkettenbezogene Sorgfaltspflichten hinterfragt und die Notwendigkeit alternativer Konzepte verdeutlicht.
Algorithmische Kapitalanlagedienste
Authors: Denga Michael 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag untersucht den Entwicklungsstand von Angeboten algorithmischer Kapitalanalagedienstleistungen und ordnet diesen in den Rahmen des Aufsichts- und Haftungsrechts ein. Dabei ist festzustellen, dass „intelligente“ Robo Advice-Angebote nicht im Markt anzutreffen sind; weitgehend bleibt es bei einer algorithmischen Unterstützungsfunktion auf Basis überkommener finanzmathematischer Modelle. Während der aufsichtsrechtliche Rahmen bereits gut erschlossen ist, müssen die anzutreffenden Intransparenzen und drohenden Interessenkonflikte besonders sensibel behandelt werden. Zudem sind die spezifisch algorithmenbezogenen Sorgfaltspflichten für die Anbieterhaftung noch nicht abschließend geklärt. Hier wird eine Fernwirkung der künftigen KI-VO entwickelt, womit sowohl dem Gebot bestmöglicher Interessenwahrnehmung zu Gunsten der Kunden genüge getan als auch Rechtssicherheit hergestellt würde.
Zum Anwendungsbereich der ECSP-VO
Authors: Schedensack Jasper 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Am 10. 11. 2021 ist die Verordnung über Europäische Schwarmfinanzierungsdienstleister für Unternehmen (European Crowdfunding Service Provider-Verordnung, „ECSP-VO“) in Kraft getreten. Erklärte Ziele: Den Markt für renditeorientiertes Crowdfunding in Europa zur Beseitigung der Fragmentierung des Rechtsrahmens auf ein neues Fundament zu stellen, den Wettbewerb zwischen Crowdfundingplattformen zu verbessern und Marktteilnehmern in kleinen Mitgliedsstaaten mit weniger ausgeprägten Crowdfundingmärkten besseren Zugang zu Kapital und Anlagemöglichkeiten zu geben. Mit Ablauf des Übergangszeitraums am 10. 11. 2023 gilt die ECSP-VO für alle in ihren Anwendungsbereich fallenden Crowdfunding-Modelle verpflichtend.
Noch vor Verabschiedung des finalen Entwurfs der Verordnung wurde in der Literatur vor allem die Frage nach dem Anwendungsbereich aufgeworfen, die auch heute noch nicht eindeutig beantwortet ist. Genau dieser Frage widmet sich ausweislich des Untertitels Johannes Öhmann in seiner Dissertation zur ECSP-VO mit Blick auf die deutschen Anlageformen. Das Entstehen der Problematik drängt sich auf: Da die Regulierung europäisch ist, sich in den Ländern jedoch bisher verschiedene Modelle des Crowdfundings herausgebildet haben, muss untersucht werden, wie sich die nationalen Crowdfunding-Modelle und die jeweils genutzten Anlageformen zur ECSP-VO verhalten. Während sich Öhmann auf die größte Frage des produktspezifischen Anwendungsbereichs konzentriert (welche Rechtsgestaltungen sind als Anlageinstrumente von der ECSP-VO erfasst?), sollen hier auch noch einige weitere jüngst behandelte Fragen zum Anwendungsbereich thematisiert werden.
Konseling Realitas untuk Mengurangi Prokrastinasi Mahasantri Institut Dirosat Islamiyah Al-Amien di Sumenep Jawa Timur
Authors: Jannah Syaifatul , Afifah Noer 
Published: October 2023

Abstract: This research aims to describe the process and final results of reality counseling as an effort to reduce procrastination of students at the Dirosat Islamiyah al-Amien Prenduan Sumenep Institute (IDIA). This research approac uses a qualitative with a case study method. The informants in this research were four IDIA students who had procrastination. The location of this research is at the Dirosat Islamiyah al-Amien Prenduan Institute, Sumenep. Data collection techniques include unstructured interviews, participant observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results of this research show that there are five stages in the reality counseling process using the Wants, Doing, Evaluation, Plan (WDEP) technique. The five stages are problem identification, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and evaluation, follow up. The results of the counseling can be said to be successful, namely that the counselee's procrastination attitude begins to decrease, as evidenced by the fact that when the counselee reduces his time watching and playing with his friends, the counselee prefers to use his time to do assignments before it is time to collect them. Besides that, the counselee begins to become skilled at managing time.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjabarkan proses dan hasil akhir konseling realitas sebagai upaya dalam mengurangi prokrastinasi mahasantri Institut Dirosat Islamiyah al-Amien Prenduan Sumenep (IDIA). Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah empat mahasantri IDIA yang memiliki prokrastinasi. Lokasi penelitian ini di Institut Dirosat Islamiyah al-Amien Prenduan Sumenep. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi wawancara dengan jenis tidak terstruktur, observasi dengan jenis partisipan, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat lima tahapan dalam proses konseling realitas dengan teknik Wants, Doing, Evaluation, Plan (WDEP). Lima tahapan tersebut yaitu identifikasi masalah, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, dan evaluasi, follow up. Hasil konseling dapat dikatakan berhasil, yakni sikap menunda-nunda yang dimiliki konseli mulai berkurang, terbukti saat konseli dapat mengurangi waktu untuk menonton, dan bermain dengan teman-teman, konseli lebih memilih menggunakan waktunya untuk mengerjakan tugas sebelum tiba waktu dikumpulkan. Disamping itu, konseli mulai terampil mengatur waktu.