bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insecticidal activities of two fig tree leaf extracts against the cotton pest Spodoptera litura (Fab.) and their impact on the non‐target red worm Eisenia foetida (Savigny)
Authors: Vasantha‐Srinivasan Prabhakaran , Shanmuga‐Priya Sridhar , Han Yeon Soo , Radhakrishnan Narayanaswamy , Amala Kesavan , Karthi Sengodan , Senthil‐Nathan Sengottayan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExtracts of botanical origin naturally contain a complex mixture of chemicals considered effective in managing lepidopteran pests. Chemical screening of the ethanolic leaf extracts of two fig tree species, Ficus lyrata and Ficus auriculata, delivered 12 and 15 phyto‐compounds with relatively high peak area percentages in phytol and flavone, respectively. Larvicidal activity against Spodoptera litura yielded higher mortality rates at maximum‐concentration treatment (600 ppm) with Ficus lyrata (91.3%) and Ficus auriculata (98.5%) extracts during the second instar. Sub‐lethal dosages (300 ppm) of both Ficus lyrata and Ficus auriculata extracts impeded the development and reproduction of lepidopteran pests. The enzyme‐inhibition activity of both fig extracts elicited a significant reduction in the major digestive enzymes alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase dose‐responsively. Mid‐gut histological screening of Ficus lyrata and Ficus auriculata extracts displayed gut lumen disruptions, shape alterations of columnar cells, and brush‐border membrane damage. Further, the non‐target toxicity of fig extracts against the red worm Eisenia foetida was minimal compared with that of the chemical temephos. Overall, the Ficus extracts proved to be eco‐friendly strategies for managing the polyphagous pest Spodoptera litura and are potentially more sustainable and less harmful to non‐target earthworms. Nonetheless, in silico predictions suggest that the active compounds in fig extracts are predominantly toxic against honeybees (16 compounds) and violate TICE rules (10 compounds). Therefore, the biological actions of fig extracts' individual novel chemistries need to be examined on target and non‐target species to develop better pest management strategies.
Physicochemical, functional, and antioxidant properties of black soldier fly larvae protein
Authors: Huang Wangxiang , Wang Chen , Chen Qianzi , Chen Feng , Hu Haohan , Li Jianfei , He Qiyi , Yu Xiaodong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study explores the multifaceted attributes of black soldier fly larvae protein (BSFLP), focusing on its physicochemical, functional, and antioxidant properties. BSFLP is characterized by 16 amino acids, with a predominant random coil secondary structure revealed by circular dichroism spectra. Differential scanning calorimetry indicates a substantial thermal denaturation temperature of 97.63°C. The protein exhibits commendable solubility, emulsification, and foaming properties in alkaline and low‐salt environments, albeit with reduced water‐holding capacity and foam stability under elevated alkaline and high‐temperature conditions. In vitro assessments demonstrate that BSFLP displays robust scavenging proficiency against 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl, 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid), and hydroxyl radicals, with calculated EC50 values of 1.90 ± 0.57, 0.55 ± 0.01, and 1.14 ± 0.02 mg/mL, respectively, along with notable reducing capabilities. Results from in vivo antioxidant experiments reveal that BSFLP, administered at doses of 300 and 500 mg/kg, significantly enhances the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) (p < 0.05) while simultaneously reducing malondialdehyde levels in both serum and tissues of d‐galactose‐induced oxidative stress in mice. Moreover, the protein effectively attenuates oxidative damage in liver and hippocampal tissues. These findings underscore the potential utility of BSFLP as a natural antioxidant source, with applications spanning the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.Practical ApplicationBlack soldier fly larvae protein emerges as an environmentally sustainable reservoir of natural antioxidants, holding significant promise for the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors. Its advantageous amino acid composition, robust thermal resilience, and impressive functional attributes position it as a compelling subject for continued investigation and advancement in various applications.
Dengzhanshengmai capsule alleviates heart failure and concomitantly decreases phenylacetylglutamine level, interacting with the intestinal microflora in rats
Authors: Yi Bojiao , Zhang Pin , Chen Jiemei , Fang Zhengyu , Yang Xiaofang , Yang Dawei , Zang Qingce , Xu Jing , Ren Tianying , Yang Hongjun , Guo Na 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHeart failure (HF) is an advanced stage of most heart diseases. Some studies reported that Dengzhanshengmai (DZSM) capsule may improve HF, but its mechanisms are unclear. This study attempts to determine the function of DZSM in treating HF and investigates its potential mechanism. We demonstrated that DZSM can considerably reduce systemic inflammation, improve intestinal barrier functions and enhance cardiac functions in HF rats. Further investigations displayed that the beneficial effects of DZSM were related to the reduction of gut microbiota metabolite phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln) levels in serum and heart tissue. In addition, we demonstrated that PAGln can exacerbate the severity of HF in rats, and the serum PAGln levels in HF patients were higher than in healthy subjects. Moreover, by using microbial sequencing, we found that DZSM could alter the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota in HF rats, including decreased relative abundance of Turicibacter and Turicibacter_sp.TS3, and regulated the gene expression of PAGln synthesis‐related enzymes. Therefore, our findings have contributed novel perspectives on the involvement of DZSM in treating HF, specifically in its regulation of intestinal flora and associated detrimental metabolites. Furthermore, our results have offered empirical evidence supporting the utilization of DZSM as a therapeutic approach for HF.
Anatomical complexities affecting root canal preparation: a narrative review
Authors: Versiani MA , Martins JNR , Ordinola‐Zapata R 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA fundamental aspect of the Endodontic field is the knowledge of root canal anatomy. Using a variety of techniques, the internal and external anatomy of teeth have been extensively investigated throughout the past century. Recent improvements in three‐dimensional computed tomography have enabled more detailed evaluations of root canal morphology in both clinical and laboratory settings. Essentially, researches have unveiled that the root canal constitutes a complex system, comprising not only the main root canal but also lateral components, including isthmuses, fins, accessory canals and apical ramifications. Undoubtedly, this intricate morphology poses a significant challenge when it comes to the process of shaping, cleaning and disinfecting the root canal system. This article aims to explore the anatomical aspects of the root canal system that impact the chemomechanical procedures.
An Australian mainstream genetic testing program: Clinicians views about current and future practices
Authors: Young Alison Luk , Ip Emilia , Scheinberg Tahlia , Harrison Michelle , Beale Philip , Goodwin Annabel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeGermline genetic testing results can guide treatment decisions for oncology patients and are now offered to many cancer patients. Mainstream testing refers to genetic testing arranged by a non‐genetics specialist. This repeated cross‐sectional study aimed: (1) to capture clinician views on the existing mainstreaming genetic testing program for ovarian, breast, prostate, and endometrial cancer patients, and (2) to ascertain the interest of clinicians to consider changing practice to adopt mainstream testing.MethodsMainstreaming has occurred since 2015 for patients with ovarian and some breast cancer patients, expanding to include prostate cancer patients in 2019, and endometrial cancer patients in 2020. Two web‐based surveys were administered within two health districts, covering seven hospitals in NSW.ResultsFifty‐four clinicians (70% response rate) participated. Clinicians who had arranged mainstream genetic testing (n = 30) were overall satisfied (76%), viewed the process as time‐efficient and accessible for patients, and desired continuation of the program. Of those clinicians yet to engage in the program (n = 24), 88% expressed an interest in learning about mainstream testing. These clinicians identified time constraints, maintenance of current genetic knowledge, and completing the consenting and counseling process as barriers to mainstreaming. Future mainstreaming models are discussed.ConclusionFrom the clinician's perspective, the mainstreaming program is considered a desirable pathway for germline testing of oncology patients. Access to ongoing education and resources is needed for the ongoing success of the program.
Hot topics in allergen immunotherapy, 2023: Current status and future perspective
Authors: Zemelka‐Wiacek Magdalena , Agache Ioana , Akdis Cezmi A. , Akdis Mübeccel , Casale Thomas B. , Dramburg Stephanie , Jahnz‐Różyk Karina , Kosowska Anna , Matricardi Paolo M. , Pfaar Oliver , Shamji Mohamed H. , Jutel Marek 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe importance of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is multifaceted, encompassing both clinical and quality‐of‐life improvements and cost‐effectiveness in the long term. Key mechanisms of allergen tolerance induced by AIT include changes in memory type allergen‐specific T‐ and B‐cell responses towards a regulatory phenotype with decreased Type 2 responses, suppression of allergen‐specific IgE and increased IgG1 and IgG4, decreased mast cell and eosinophil numbers in allergic tissues and increased activation thresholds. The potential of novel patient enrolment strategies for AIT is taking into account recent advances in biomarkers discoveries, molecular allergy diagnostics and mobile health applications contributing to a personalized approach enhancement that can increase AIT efficacy and compliance. Artificial intelligence can help manage and interpret complex and heterogeneous data, including big data from omics and non‐omics research, potentially predict disease subtypes, identify biomarkers and monitor patient responses to AIT. Novel AIT preparations, such as synthetic compounds, innovative carrier systems and adjuvants, are also of great promise. Advances in clinical trial models, including adaptive, complex and hybrid designs as well as real‐world evidence, allow more flexibility and cost reduction. The analyses of AIT cost‐effectiveness show a clear long‐term advantage compared to pharmacotherapy. Important research questions, such as defining clinical endpoints, biomarkers of patient selection and efficacy, mechanisms and the modulation of the placebo effect and alternatives to conventional field trials, including allergen exposure chamber studies are still to be elucidated. This review demonstrates that AIT is still in its growth phase and shows immense development prospects.
Clinical and molecular effects of oral CCR4 antagonist RPT193 in atopic dermatitis: A Phase 1 study
Authors: Bissonnette Robert , DuBois Janet , Facheris Paola , Del Duca Ester , Kim Madeline , Correa Da Rosa Joel , Trujillo Damian L. , Bose Swaroop , Pagan Angel D. , Wustrow David , Brockstedt Dirk G. , Wong Brian , Kassner Paul D. , Jankicevic Jasmina , Ho William , Cheng Laurence E. , Guttman‐Yassky Emma 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundRPT193 is an orally administered small molecule antagonist of the human C‐C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) that inhibits the migration and downstream activation of T‐helper Type 2 (Th2) cells. We investigated single‐ and multiple‐ascending doses of RPT193 in healthy subjects, and multiple doses of RPT193 in subjects with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD).MethodsThis was a first‐in‐human randomized, placebo‐controlled Phase 1a/1b monotherapy study (NCT04271514) to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and CCR4 surface receptor occupancy in eligible healthy subjects and subjects with moderate‐to‐severe AD. Clinical efficacy and skin biomarker effects of RPT193 monotherapy were assessed as exploratory endpoints in AD subjects.ResultsIn healthy (n = 72) and AD subjects (n = 31), once‐daily RPT193 treatment was generally well tolerated, with no serious adverse events reported and all treatment‐emergent adverse events reported as mild/moderate. In AD subjects, numerically greater improvements in clinical efficacy endpoints were observed with RPT193 monotherapy versus placebo up to the end of the treatment period (Day 29), with statistically significant improvement, compared to Day 29 and placebo, observed 2 weeks after the end of treatment (Day 43) on several endpoints (p < .05). Moreover, significant changes in the transcriptional profile were seen in skin biopsies of RPT193‐treated versus placebo‐treated subjects at Day 29, which were also significantly correlated with improvements in clinical efficacy measures.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first clinical study with an oral CCR4 antagonist that showed clinical improvement coupled with modulation of the cutaneous transcriptomic profile in an inflammatory skin disease.
Postoperative electrocardiography changes: To worry or not to worry
Authors: Lee Chihjen , Shin Janet , Bereliani Arash , Capiendo Liza , Firoozmand Eiman , Yumul Roya 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAbnormal postoperative electrocardiograms are not uncommon, oftentimes leading to further cardiac workup especially when the findings are new and not easily explainable. A forty‐year‐old woman, with a history of left breast cancer status post bilateral mastectomies and reconstructions, presented for robot‐assisted low‐anterior resection secondary to rectal cancer. Postoperative electrocardiogram showed poor R wave progression, biphasic T waves in V2‐4, and possible anterior wall ischemia. Her electrocardiogram from 6 years ago was normal. No recent electrocardiogram was available for comparison. Initially, the abnormal postoperative electrocardiogram appeared worrisome. However, the patient was completely asymptomatic, and all vital signs were normal. Cardiac point‐of‐care ultrasound showed normal parasternal long and short axis views. The biphasic T waves in V2‐4 were suggestive of Wellens syndrome, but the accompanying poor R wave progression was not consistent with the diagnostic criteria. The anesthesiologist then remembered the patient's history of the presence of a left breast implant and suspected it might have caused the changes on the electrocardiogram. A literature search did find one publication that shows approximately 45% of patients with breast implants present with electrocardiogram changes, including poor R wave progression and negative T waves. Therefore, no further cardiac workup was ordered for our patient. She was discharged home 3 days later. Breast implants and electrocardiogram changes are a lesser‐known topic. Obtaining a pre‐operative electrocardiogram should be considered in patients with previous breast implants, to serve as a baseline for comparison if the patient were to need another electrocardiogram in the future.
Automated quantitative evaluation of fetal atrioventricular annular plane systolic excursion before and after intrauterine blood transfusion in pregnancies affected by red blood cell alloimmunization
Authors: Zamprakou Aikaterini , Söderhult Ingrid , Ferm‐Widlund Kjerstin , Ajne Gunilla , Johnson Jonas , Herling Lotta 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionMaternal red blood cell alloimmunization during pregnancy can lead to hemolysis and various degrees of fetal anemia, which can be treated with intrauterine blood transfusion (IUT) to prevent adverse outcomes. Knowledge about fetal myocardial function and adaptation is limited. The aim of the present study was to measure fetal atrioventricular plane displacement before and after IUT and compare these measurements with previously established reference ranges.Material and methodsAn observational study was conducted on pregnant women affected by red blood cell alloimmunization. Fetal echocardiography was performed before and after IUT. The atrioventricular plane displacement of the left and right ventricular walls and interventricular septum, described as mitral, septal, and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE, SAPSE, and TAPSE, respectively), was assessed using color tissue Doppler imaging with automated analysis software. A Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the z scores to the normal mean before and after IUT.ResultsTwenty‐seven fetuses were included. The mean z score for pre‐IUT MAPSE was significantly increased compared with the reference ranges, +0.46 (95% confidence interval [CI] +0.17 to +0.75; p = 0.039), while the mean z scores for post‐IUT SAPSE and TAPSE were significantly decreased, −0.65 (95% CI −1.11 to −0.19; p < 0.001) and −0.60 (95% CI −1.04 to −0.17; p = 0.003), respectively. The difference in atrioventricular plane displacement z scores before and after IUT was statistically significant in all three locations. The median difference between the pre‐IUT and post‐IUT z scores was −0.66 (95% CI −1.03 to −0.33, p < 0.001) for MAPSE, −1.05 (95% CI −1.43 to −0.61, p < 0.001) for SAPSE, and −0.60 (95% CI −1.19 to −0.01, p = 0.046) for TAPSE.ConclusionsThis study suggests that atrioventricular plane displacement, when determined using automated analysis software, may represent a quantitative parameter, describing fetal myocardial function and adaptation before and after IUT.
Pregnancy outcomes following routine early provision of intrauterine device after first‐trimester induced abortion—A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial with a 5‐year follow up
Authors: Pohjoranta Elina , Suhonen Satu , Mentula Maarit , Gissler Mika , Heikinheimo Oskari 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionWomen undergoing an induced abortion are highly fertile and at risk of subsequent unplanned pregnancy. We recently completed a randomized clinical trial showing that routine provision of intrauterine device (IUD) at the time of abortion significantly reduced the risk of subsequent abortion during a 5‐year follow up. As the use of highly effective contraception may affect all subsequent pregnancies, we analyzed the rate and distribution of all subsequent pregnancies (deliveries, miscarriages, and abortions), and the risk factors for these various pregnancy outcomes in the above‐mentioned randomized clinical trial.Material and methodsWe enrolled adult women requesting first‐trimester induced abortion and candidates for IUD for post‐abortion contraception. Women (n = 751) were randomized to receive an IUD (either levonorgestrel‐releasing IUD or copper IUD) by the clinic responsible for abortion care vs. routine care of IUD provision in primary health care with oral contraceptives for interval contraception. In the present secondary analysis, we identified all deliveries, miscarriages, and abortions in the intervention (n = 375) and control (n = 373) cohorts during the 5‐year follow up using the Finnish national registries. The trial is registered at Clinical Trials (NTC01223521).ResultsThe overall delivery, miscarriage, and abortion rates were 42.0, 12.0 and 32.1/1000 years of follow up (yFU). Any new pregnancy occurred in 98 women in the intervention and in 129 women in the control cohort (hazard ratio 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.56–0.95, p = 0.023). The effect of routine IUD provision in reducing pregnancies was limited to the first 2 yFU. The number of subsequent induced abortions and of women undergoing it were significantly reduced, and time to abortion was prolonged by the intervention. However, the overall number, the number of women with subsequent delivery or miscarriage, and the times to these events were not significantly affected. History of previous pregnancy (delivery or abortion) and smoking were risk factors for subsequent induced abortion, but not for delivery or miscarriage.ConclusionsRoutine provision of IUD as part of abortion care did not reduce the rates of delivery or miscarriage during the 5‐year follow up. The rates of all pregnancies and the need of subsequent induced abortion were reduced by IUD provision during the first 2 yFU.
Thermographic analysis of the corneal surface in epi‐on and epi‐off corneal crosslinking for keratoconus
Authors: Fredriksson Anneli , Elving Sofie , Saric Amanda , Winther Niclas , Viberg Andreas , Behndig Anders 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeTo analyse the temperature of the corneal surface in keratoconus during corneal customized crosslinking (CXL) with a preserved epithelium (epi‐on) under oxygen flow, and epi‐off CXL in room air, and to assess the effect of pre‐heating the oxygen.MethodsThis masked, intra‐individual comparing randomized study included 14 participants with bilateral progressive keratoconus treated with bilateral CXL: one eye with epi‐on CXL under a flow of 2.5 L/min oxygen; the fellow eye with epi‐off CXL in room air. In a second setting involving 12 healthy participants, room‐tempered oxygen was flushed over one eye and oxygen pre‐heated to 37°C over the fellow eye. The corneal surface temperature was assessed with infrared photography.ResultsA reduction in corneal surface temperature was seen from the pre‐treatment application of topical riboflavin in the epi‐off group (−1.1 ± 1.0°C, p < 0.001). The temperature increased during the first half of the CXL treatment in both groups (+0.7 ± 1.2°C, p = 0.041 for epi‐on; +0.7 ± 0.9°C, p = 0.023 for epi‐off CXL, respectively). In epi‐on CXL an overall temperature increase was seen during the treatment (+0.8 ± 1.2°C, p = 0.016). In the second setting, pre‐heating the oxygen rendered a surface temperature increase of +1.8 ± 0.2°C (p < 0.001).ConclusionIn epi‐off CXL, the application of topical room‐tempered riboflavin decreases the corneal surface temperature, likely due to increased evaporation. A slight temperature increase is seen during CXL with both epi‐on and epi‐off CXL, albeit far below the corneal safety limit. The corneal temperature can, however, be increased by applying pre‐heated oxygen, a possible approach to modify or augment the treatment effect in CXL.
Meta‐analysis: Impact of intragastric balloon therapy on NAFLD‐related parameters in patients with obesity
Authors: Aoko Olufemi , Maharaj Tobias , Boland Fiona , Cheriyan Danny , Ryan John 
Published: November 2023

SummaryBackgroundNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease affecting approximately 25% of adults in the western world. Intragastric balloon (IGB) is an endoscopic bariatric therapy ‐a therapeutic endoscopic tool that has shown promise in inducing weight loss. Its role in the treatment of NAFLD is yet to be established.AimTo evaluate the effect of IGB as a treatment option in NAFLD.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE from inception to September 2022. We included studies evaluating the impact of IGB on obesity with the assessment of one or more liver‐related outcomes and studies primarily evaluating the impact of IGB on NAFLD. We included comparative and non‐comparative studies; primary outcomes were liver‐related NAFLD surrogates.ResultsWe included 19 studies with 911 patients. IGB demonstrated an effect on NAFLD parameters including NAFLD activity score (NAS): mean difference (MD): −3.0 [95% CI: −2.41 to −3.59], ALT: MD: −10.40 U/L [95% CI: −7.31 to −13.49], liver volume: MD ‐397.9 [95% CI: −212.78 to 1008.58] and liver steatosis: MD: −37.76 dB/m [95% CI: −21.59 to −53.92]. There were significant reductions in non‐liver‐related outcomes of body weight, BMI, glycated haemoglobin and HOMA‐IR.ConclusionIntragastric balloons may play an important role in addressing the treatment gap in NAFLD management.