bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation-based high-speed elongational rheometer for Carreau-type materials
Authors: Kannengießer Lukas , Arne Walter , Bier Alexander , Marheineke Nicole , Schubert Dirk W. , Wegener Raimund 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
For the simulation-based design of fiber melt spinning processes, the accurate modeling of the processed polymer with regard to its material behavior is crucial. In this work, we develop a high-speed elongational rheometer for Carreau-type materials, making use of process simulations and fiber diameter measurements. The procedure is based on a unified formulation of the fiber spinning model for all material types (Newtonian and quasi-Newtonian), whose material laws are strictly monotone in the strain rate. The parametrically described material law for the elongational viscosity implies a nonlinear optimization problem for the parameter identification, for which we propose an efficient, robust gradient-based method. The work can be understood as a proof of concept, a generalization to other, more complex materials is possible.
Noninvasive oxygenation and ventilation strategies for viral acute respiratory failure: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Carreño-Hernández Fredy Leonardo , Prieto Sergio , Abondando Daniela , Gaitán Jairo Alejandro , Cárdenas -Bolívar Yenny Rocío , Beltrán Adriana , Alvarado-Sánchez Jorge Iván , Nates Joseph L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a critical shortage of respiratory ventilators, highlighting the urgent need to explore alternative treatment options for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by respiratory viruses, as an alternative to invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in future pandemics.

Objectives
The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of alternative noninvasive oxygenation and ventilation strategies in comparison to invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in patients with virus-induced acute respiratory failure (ARF). The primary outcome was the all-cause ICU mortality rate.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted following the Cochrane guidelines and PRISMA reporting guidelines. The search encompassed databases such as Medline, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Embase to identify relevant indexed literature. Additionally, gray literature was included by consulting regulatory agencies. The included studies compared various oxygenation and ventilatory alternatives, such as high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), or noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) with IMV. An exploratory meta-analysis was performed by calculating the risk ratio (RR) by random effects and meta-regression to explore possible sources of heterogeneity and to compare ventilatory alternatives against IMV to reduce mortality, length of stay (LOS) days in ICU, nosocomial infection, and barotrauma.

Results
A total of forty-seven studies were included in this systematic review. NIMV had an RR of 0.70 (0.58–0.85), HFNC had an RR of 0.54 (0.42–0.71), and CPAP had an RR of 0.80 (0.71–0.90), with meta-regression models that reduced heterogeneity to 0%. For LOS days in ICU, NIMV had 0.38 (− 0.69: − 0.08) lower days and HFNC 0.29 (− 0.64: 0.06) lower days with meta-regression models that reduction heterogeneity to 0% for HFNC and 50% for NIMV. Not enough studies reported nosocomial infection or barotrauma to evaluate them in a meta-analysis. The overall quality of evidence, as assessed by GRADE evaluation, was determined to be from very low to medium certainty depending on the ventilatory strategy and outcome.

Conclusions
The findings of this systematic review support the use of alternative noninvasive oxygenation and ventilation strategies as viable alternatives to conventional respiratory ventilation for managing viral-induced ARF. Although it is essential to interpret these findings with caution given the overall low to medium certainty of the evidence, the integration of these modalities as part of the management strategies of these patients could help reduce the utilization of ICU beds, invasive ventilators, and costs in both developed and developing countries.
Hydrogel-based nanoparticles: revolutionizing brain tumor treatment and paving the way for future innovations
Authors: Shadab Alireza , Farokhi Simin , Fakouri Arshia , Mohagheghzadeh Neda , Noroozi Ali , Razavi Zahra Sadat , Karimi Rouzbahani Arian , Zalpoor Hamidreza , Mahjoor Mohamad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Brain tumor treatment remains a significant challenge due to their high mortality and resistance to current therapies. This paper discusses the promising potential of hydrogel-based nanoparticles as innovative drug delivery systems for brain tumor therapy. Extensive characterization techniques reveal the ability of these Nano-systems to demonstrate prolonged blood circulation and targeted delivery, leading to improved survival rates. Designed with optimized physicochemical characteristics, these nanoparticles effectively cross the blood–brain barrier, circumventing a major impediment to drug delivery to the brain. By delivering drugs directly to the tumor bed, these nanoparticles enhance therapeutic outcomes and minimize adverse effects. In addition, this review investigates the techniques for characterizing, visualizing, and modifying these nanoparticles, as well as the standing challenges and promising research avenues for their clinical application. Further investigations are encouraged by this review to investigate potential advancements in hydrogel-based nanoparticle therapeutic approaches for brain tumors. This includes investigating tailored hydrogels, hybrid systems, computational modeling, and the integration of gene therapy and immunotherapy techniques. The study also addresses the need for enhanced synthesis techniques, stability, scalability, and cost-cutting measures to overcome obstacles and advance the clinical use of hydrogel-based nanoparticles in treating brain tumors.

Graphical abstract
Risk of suicide in a sample of Egyptian high school adolescent students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rabie Eman S. , Soltan Marwa , Elrassas Hanan , Khairy Atteya , Ali Moatazbellah I. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
A lethal incident of self-harm with desire to die is called suicide. Every year, suicide claims the lives of more than 800,000 individuals globally. Teenagers and younger adults commit suicide on a regular basis. In late childhood and early adulthood, it is one of the primary triggers of death. Negative social and economic consequences and negative psychological consequences have been linked to it. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and risk factors of suicidal ideation and behavior in adolescents’ students attending high school in Cairo. Throughout the educational year (September 2021 to June 2022), a cross-sectional study was carried on 553 students. A detailed medical and sociodemographic information were obtained. The Suicide Possibility Scale (SPS) was used to assess the likelihood of suicide, while the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), which consists of 28 items, was used to assess the likelihood of mental illness.

Results
Screening among 553 high school students, it was shown that 11.03 percent of high school students were likely to have suicidal ideas or attempted suicide (scores ≥ 25) based on the SPS (Arabic version); females were more probable to do so (12.9 percent) than males (8.2%). Results from the Arabic version of GHQ_28 survey showed that 17.54% of the assessed students had a moderate to high risk of having a mental illness issue (scores < 7). There was a significant positive correlation among the total GHQ-28 score and various SPS score components for students in their first, second, and third grades level. Age, non-suicidal self-injury, and positive personal history of suicidal ideas for the student in the whole study group were non-significantly correlated (P > 0.05) with larger Suicide Probability Scale scores. While positive personal history of suicidal attempts, positive psychiatric illnesses and positive family history of suicide showed a significant correlated (P ≤ 0.05) with larger Suicide Probability Scale scores.

Conclusions
Screening among adolescent high school students found that 11.03% of them had a probable risk of suicide with higher risk in females than in males that increased with age. Risk of suicide among students was associated with history of attempted suicide and psychiatric illness. So, early detection and management of students with psychiatric illness could decrease risk of suicide among them.
The role of microorganisms and microbial enzymes in commercial fermented mushroom production: a comprehensive review of their action mechanisms, quality attributes and health benefits
Authors: Farag Mohamed A. , Kamal Nurkhalida , Hamezah Hamizah Shahirah , Saleh Merna , Zhang Jiachao , Mediani Ahmed , Baky Mostafa H. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recently, fermented mushrooms are widely consumed worldwide owing to their nutritional, sensory, and health-promoting properties. The edible mushrooms are used as food and food flavoring due to their complex pleasant taste and aroma. Four well-known and most commonly included edible mushroom species are Ganoderma lucidum, Morchella esculenta, Lentinula edodes and Hericium erinaceus. Several studies have demonstrated that bioactive compounds from mushrooms exert remarkable biological activities, however, they have low oral bioavailability, restricting their therapeutic application. Fermentation is a method of preserving and transforming raw mushrooms into high-quality, value-added products by utilizing the technology of microorganisms and enzymes. This study provides a multifaceted review on mushroom fermentation from several perspectives including: 1) Different types of fermentation employed in commercial mushroom preparation including lactic acid and enzyme fermentation. 2) Production conditions, fermented mushroom in the market, and associated biochemical changes in fermented mushroom products. 3) Fermentation effect on bioavailability, sensory, and nutritional value of fermented mushrooms. 4) Safety concerns and health prospects of available fermented mushroom products and their health benefits were also introduced herein.

Graphical Abstract
Unusual presentation of anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta: case report
Authors: Elhudairy Mohamed , Alkhushi Naif , Al-Radi Osman , Maghrabi Khadijah , Abdelmohsen Gaser 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery (AORPA) from the ascending aorta is a rare congenital anomaly, representing approximately 0.12% of all congenital heart defects. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are essential to prevent severe complications such as heart failure and pulmonary vascular disease.

Case presentation
We report a case of a full term neonate presented with respiratory distress and cyanosis. Echocardiography revealed an anomalous right pulmonary artery (RPA) origin from the ascending aorta, a large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with right-to-left shunt, and moderate tricuspid regurgitation. Despite initial management with prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) infusion, discontinuation of the drug led to clinical deterioration characterized by severe metabolic acidosis and low cardiac output syndrome. Resuming PGE1 infusion stabilized the patient’s hemodynamics and improved systemic blood flow, allowing for successful surgical repair.

Conclusion
In cases of AORPA associated with aortic arch flow reversal, pulmonary hypertension, and inadequate interatrial communication, maintaining PDA patency with PGE1 infusion until surgical repair is critical for survival. The right-to-left flow across the PDA counteracts the steal from the aorta and decompresses the right ventricle, preventing right ventricular failure and maintaining systemic blood flow.

Graphical abstract
Neuropsychiatric adverse events associated with Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a pharmacovigilance analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database
Authors: Lu Wenchao , Wang Shihan , Tang Huilin , Yuan Tao , Zuo Wei , Liu Yuling 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are widely used due to their profound efficacy in glycemic control and weight management. Real-world observations have revealed potential neuropsychiatric adverse events (AEs) associated with GLP-1RAs. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate and characterize these neuropsychiatric AEs with GLP-1RAs.

Methods
We analyzed GLP-1RA adverse reaction reports using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database. Disproportionality analysis using reporting odds ratio (ROR) identified eight categories of neuropsychiatric AEs associated with GLP-1RAs. We conducted descriptive and time-to-onset (TTO) analyses and explored neuropsychiatric AE signals among individual GLP-1RAs for weight loss and diabetes mellitus (DM) indications.

Results
We identified 25,110 cases of GLP-1RA-related neuropsychiatric AEs. GLP-1RAs showed an association with headache (ROR 1.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.65–1.84), migraine (ROR 1.28, 95%CI 1.06–1.55), and olfactory and sensory nerve abnormalities (ROR 2.44, 95%CI 1.83–3.25; ROR 1.69, 95%CI 1.54–1.85). Semaglutide showed a moderate suicide-related AEs signal in the weight loss population (ROR 2.55, 95%CI 1.97–3.31). The median TTO was 16 days (interquartile range: 3–66 days).

Conclusions
In this study, we identified eight potential neuropsychiatric adverse events (AEs) associated with GLP-1RAs and, for the first time, detected positive signals for migraine, olfactory abnormalities, and sensory abnormalities. We also observed positive suicide-related signals of semaglutide, in weight loss population. This study provides a reliable basis for further investigation of GLP-1RA-related neuropsychiatric AEs. However, as an exploratory study, our findings require confirmation through large-scale prospective studies.
Chimeric CYP21A1P/CYP21A2 Genes in 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency Detected by Long-Read Sequencing and Phenotypes Correlation
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxia , Gao Yinjie , Lu Lin , Cao Yaqing , Zhang Wei , Wu Xueyan , Tong Anli , Chen Shi , Wang Xi , Mao Jiangfeng , Nie Min 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Context
21-Hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) is caused by pathogenic variants in CYP21A2. High homology between CYP21A2 and its pseudogene CYP21A1P causes mismatches, leading to deletions and CYP21A1P/CYP21A2 chimeras.

Objective
To detect chimeric CYP21A1P/CYP21A2 in 21-OHD patients using long-read sequencing (LRS) and analyze genotype-phenotype correlations.

Methods
From 2015 to 2023, 869 21-OHD patients were enrolled at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, with 113 identified harboring CYP21A2 large deletion. Long-range PCR and LRS were used to identify the types of CYP21A1P/CYP21A2 chimeric. Haplotype analysis explored founder effects, and in vitro assays assessed the functional impact of novel mutations. Clinical data were retrospectively collected and patients were classified into 4 groups based on genotypes and residual enzyme activity to study genotype-phenotype correlations.

Results
Ten types of chimeric CYP21A1P/CYP21A2 genes were identified across 119 alleles, including a novel type, CH-10. The most common, CH-1, accounted for 50.4% of all types. Haplotype analysis of 24 SNPs within CYP21A1P/CYP21A2 CH-1 revealed 25 haplotypes, with haplotype 11 being the most prevalent. Variants p.L100P and p.L301V of CYP21A2 showed enzyme activities of 1.36 ± 0.44% or 1.63 ± 0.19% for 17-hydroxyprogesterone to 11-deoxycortisol, and 1.36 ± 0.58% or 3.99 ± 1.09% for progesterone to 11-deoxycorticosterone, respectively, linked to the simple virilizing type. Genotype-phenotype consistency rates were 78.6% to 84% across the 4 groups.

Conclusion
LRS is a comprehensive genetic testing method for 21-OHD patients, effectively detecting both CYP21A2 gene variants and CYP21A1P/CYP21A2 chimeric gene types. This study expands the CYP21A2 variant spectrum by identifying a novel chimera. Haplotype analysis revealed diverse haplotypes for each chimeric gene type, suggesting the absence of a common founder effect. The strong genotype-phenotype correlation aids genetic counseling and supports personalized treatment.
46,XX Testicular Disorder of Sex Development (DSD) Presenting With Male Hypogonadism
Authors: Chin Run Ting , Mok Shao Feng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Disorders of sex development are genetically complex, and phenotypes range from hypospadias to completely masculinized or feminized genitalia with a discordant karyotype. They arise as a result of alterations in gonad formation (sex determination stage) or function (sex differentiation stage). Reaching a specific diagnosis with the aid of molecular technologies is important for individualized management, genetic counseling, and prognostic prediction for fertility and risk of tumor development. This case report describes a young adult male who was referred initially with concern for Klinefelter syndrome based on a commercial genetic test. His laboratory investigations revealed hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, azoospermia, and a chromosomal karyotype of 46,XX. He was eventually diagnosed with 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development. He was initiated on testosterone replacement therapy and offered adoption and use of donor sperm for artificial reproduction techniques.
A Novel and Rare Pathogenic Gene Variant in 2 Patients With Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN-1) Syndrome
Authors: LeSarge Jordan C , Rjoob Hani , Clemens Kristin K , Van Uum Stan , Schenkel Laila C , Khan Tayyab S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) is a syndrome characterized by development of tumors including parathyroid adenomas, duodenopancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and pituitary adenomas. We describe 1 patient with a novel and another with a rare pathogenic MEN-1 variant. Case 1 was a 61-year-old woman with recurrent hypercalcemia who ultimately required a subtotal parathyroidectomy, with a thymectomy revealing a thymoma. She then developed a gastrinoma requiring pancreatectomy and also had a biochemically nonfunctioning sellar mass. Genetic testing found a novel MEN1:c.1192delC, p.(Gln398Argfs*47) pathogenic variant. Case 2 was a 38-year-old woman with a family history of MEN-1, who had recurrent hypercalcemia and nephrolithiasis requiring a subtotal parathyroidectomy. She had a macroprolactinoma, but no pancreatic lesions. Genetic testing found a rare MEN1:c.784-9G &gt; A pathogenic variant. MEN-1 syndrome should be considered in patients presenting with 1 or more classical MEN-1-associated tumors based on clinical suspicion.
Genome Wide Association Study on Muscle Stiffness Identified Novel Locus for Predisposition to Muscle Strain Injury
Authors: Miyamoto-Mikami Eri , Zempo Hirofumi , Kumagai Hiroshi , Hirata Kosuke , Takaragawa Mizuki , Yoshihara Toshinori , Fuku Mizuho , Kikuchi Naoki , Kamiya Nobuhiro , Miyamoto Naokazu , Fuku Noriyuki 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Purpose
We aimed to screen the entire genome for genetic variants associated with passive muscle stiffness, which has been suggested as a risk factor for muscle strain injury.

Methods
This genome-wide association study (GWAS) on passive muscle stiffness included 350 physically active young Japanese individuals. Three hamstring constituents were measured using ultrasound shear wave elastography. Skeletal muscle transcriptomes were compared across the genotypes of GWAS-identified variants in 48 healthy Japanese individuals. Association between GWAS-identified variants and history of muscle strain injury were examined in 1,428 Japanese athletes.

Results
Two loci on chromosome 11 demonstrated a genome-wide significant association with passive muscle stiffness of the biceps femoris long head (rs12807854 T/C: P = 5.19 × 10−10, rs78405694 T/C: P = 2.09 × 10−8; linear regression analysis adjusted for sex, age, and stretching exercise habits). Skeletal muscle RNA sequencing revealed significantly elevated expression of extracellular matrix-related genes in muscles carrying stiffness-increasing alleles of these variants. Among athletes, rs12807854 T/C was significantly associated with a history of muscle strain injury (P = 0.0254; logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, competitive level, and main sport). Carriers of the C allele, associated with increased muscle stiffness, exhibited a heightened risk of muscle strain injury (odds ratio: 1.62; 95% confidence interval: 1.06–2.47 per C allele increase). In contrast, rs78405694 did not show a significant association with muscle strain injury in this population.

Conclusions
A novel locus associated with passive muscle stiffness and muscle strain injury was identified. Elucidating the detailed mechanisms linking the identified locus to passive muscle stiffness may lead to the development of new strategies to prevent muscle strain injuries.
Co-infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1)
Authors: Madaras Laszlo , Anvari Radean , Schuchardt-Peet Claudia , Hoskote Abhinav , Kashyap Rahul 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) are two forms of human coronaviruses known to cause respiratory tract symptoms. A co-infection with both viruses is rare, particularly in the United States. Case description: An 85-year-old male presented to the Emergency Department with recurrent falls, diarrhoea and cough, and whose viral panel was positive for both SARS-COV-2 and HCoV-HKU1. The patient developed bacterial pneumonia and was treated with antibacterial agents and glucocorticoids. His past medical history of atrial fibrillation required careful monitoring and subsequent discontinuation of remdesivir, a medication known to cause adverse cardiovascular effects in COVID-19 patients. The length of stay was also prolonged due to delirium and deconditioning. Ultimately, the patient required an urgent ablation followed by the placement of a permanent pacemaker, and anticoagulation therapy was initiated before discharge. The patient had a favourable outcome given the rarity of this case. Discussion: COVID-19 patients co-infected with other human coronaviruses should be monitored for disease progression and superimposed bacterial infections. Providers should be cautious with the use of remdesivir in cases of co-infection and in severely ill COVID-19 patients who have a history of atrial fibrillation.
Oral and intestinal manifestations of giant cell arteritis
Authors: Pernet Mathieu , Moi Laura , Serra Fulvia , Garin Nicolas 
Published: February 2025

Background: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common primary vasculitis in individuals over 50 years of age. GCA typically affects large- and medium-sized arteries and is classically associated with cranial manifestations of ischaemia, such as headaches (notably in the temporal region), jaw claudication and visual symptoms that can lead to blindness. Extracranial symptoms are less frequently reported and are related to involvement of the thoracic and abdominal aorta and its main branches. Classic diagnostic tools (such as temporal artery ultrasonography and temporal artery biopsy) can be negative in extracranial GCA. Case description: We report a difficult diagnosis of GCA in a 75-year-old woman who developed painful tongue ulcers that responded to prednisone treatment. However, a comprehensive diagnostic work-up did not lead to a certain diagnosis of GCA and corticosteroids were stopped after one month. A few months later, the patient suffered from mechanical ileus secondary to ischaemic stenosis of the small bowel. Pathological examination of the small bowel resection, and a second FDG-PET/CT, led to the diagnosis of extracranial GCA. Conclusions: We present a case of CGA which sequentially affected cranial and extracranial arteries and illustrate pitfalls in the diagnosis of this polymorph condition.