bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Openness of Natural Languages
Authors: Postal Paul M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It might seem plausible to the nonspecialist that a given NL, NLx permits one to report linguistic performances, both performances of NLx elements and those of NLs distinct from NLx. By “reporting linguistic performances” I refer to nothing more arcane than forming statements like “Amanda just shouted, “Where’s my baby?’” It might also seem to a nonspecialist that NLx permits one to do descriptive linguistics, not only the descriptive linguistics of NLx but also that of other distinct NLs. By “doing descriptive linguistics” I mean nothing more exotic than forming sentences like “The German word for ‘air force’ is ‘Luftwaffe.’” But while these nonspecialist assumptions might seem not only plausible but also self-evidently true, modern linguistics in its dominant instantiation, generative grammar, in fact denies both these claims. Of course, it does this only implicitly and most advocates of generative grammar may be unaware that its doctrines taken literally preclude what any nonspecialist would assume possible. Readers who do not easily accept this conclusion will find their skepticism addressed in what follows, for a major goal of this study is to justify in detail the claim that generative grammar has the evidently intolerable implications just mentioned.
Junk Ethics 1: Advances in Linguistic Rhetoric
Authors: Postal Paul M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Linguistics can be hard work. The attempt to develop insightful descriptions or theories of NLs can be extraordinarily taxing to the mind/brain. Almost every day another promising linguist keels over from the strain of marshaling facts, drawing distinctions, and postulating entities. Reliable techniques for stress reduction and lifestyle management are thus an urgent necessity for the linguistics community. It is toward the goal of meeting this need that attention is turned in the following remarks. How can linguists successfully struggle against those who, like hungry vultures, hover ready to criticize, counter exemplify, refute? The answer is rhetoric, the art of convincing one’s audience without benefit of logic. (More accurately, regardless of logic. No one has shown that it is actually disadvantageous to have a sound argument on one’s side; it is merely unnecessary in linguistics, I will argue.) Great strides are being made in linguistic rhetoric, whose progress puts the stasis in mere description and theorizing to shame. In the great rhetoric laboratories of the northeastern United States, defensive shields are being perfected that can render any theory virtually impervious to factual corrosion. Moreover, essentially no risk attaches to the rhetorical techniques reviewed here. Each one simply generalizes techniques already effectively used by leading (often tenured) linguistics practitioners and published in top linguistics journals or in books by reputable international publishers. The only contribution of the guide offered here is to codify and publicize already developed methods so that they can be utilized by the broad mass of the overburdened linguistic workforce and not just by an elite few. Let us begin with a familiar problem.
The Parallel Chart
Authors: Charon Rita 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To bring to life the conceptual frameworks of narrative writing and to demonstrate the pedagogic methods we have developed and tested in coaching narrative writing in clinical settings, I want to bring to you a miseenscène of an actual writing session in the hospital. In lieu of including a CD-rom or DVD of a teaching session, I will try to offer a virtual transcript of what might occur in a teaching session.
Framework of an Unfolding Revolution
Authors: Avise John C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are plants, animals, or microbes whose genes have been deliberately and directly altered by humans. A given genetic remodeling job may be as focused as swapping one gene for another or as extensive as generating a perfect replica of an organism’s genome (the full complement of DNA within any of its cells). The biological consequences of genetic engineering may be as subtle as slightly amending the metabolism of an individual animal or plant or as dramatic as recasting the evolutionary trajectory of an entire species or even the ecosystem of which it is a part.
Getting Creative with Crops
Authors: Avise John C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
About 10,000 years ago, our forebears invented agriculture and its sister enterprise, selective breeding. By purposefully sowing the seeds of desirable wild plants, harvesting the resulting foods or fibers, and retaining seeds from favored specimens for subsequent planting, our ancestors gradually transformed native plant varieties into the bountiful corns, rices, cottons, tomatoes, and other productive domestic crops that we enjoy today. Such artificial selection over the eons required no sophisticated gene technologies, no detailed understanding of hereditary mechanisms, no cognizance of evolutionary processes— just a keen eye for desirable plant traits, strong arms to till land and tend crops, and patience.
Harvey Cushing
Authors: Bliss Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Harvey Cushing (1869-1939) was the founder of brain surgery, an enormous surgical advance. Working at Johns Hopkins Hospital in the early years of the twentieth century, Cushing developed the techniques that enabled surgeons to open the skull, expose the brain, and attack tumors, with a high probability of helping rather than harming patients. Cushing became world famous as the first neurosurgeon, and was one of the first American medical leaders to attract visitors and students from abroad. Moving to Harvard and the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Cushing in the 1920s made the apparently miraculous in surgery an every-day reality, as he and his team compiled an astonishing record of treating more than two thousand tumors. Cushing's techniques also enabled him to become the world's leading expert in the pituitary gland, and thus one of the pioneers in endocrinology, who has given his name to "Cushing's syndrome" and "Cushing's disease." In his spare time Cushing wrote elegant medical essays, won a Pulitzer Prize for his massive biography of William Osler, and amassed a great collection of rare medical books, which are now the basis of the Medical Historical Library at his alma mater, Yale. Harvey Cushing: A Life in Surgery is the first biography of Cushing to be published in fifty years. Drawing on new collections of intimate personal and family papers, diaries and patient records Michael Bliss re-creates both Cushing's professional and, for the first time, his personal life in remarkable detail.
Making a Yale Man
Authors: Bliss Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Before Harvey left for Yale, there was an earnest father-son talk. Dr Kirke explained that they were going into a partnership, with mutual responsibilities and duties. The father would supply the money for the education, the son had to conduct himself to his father’s ‘approval while the partnership survived.’ Harvey was not to smoke, drink, ‘or be guilty of any immoral conduct or join a College ball club or boat crew.’ At age eighteen, he agreed to be bound by his father’s terms. Cushings had high expectations. They expected much from one another, from servants and institutions, and, ultimately, from them-selves.
Regius Professor at Yale
Authors: Bliss Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Income was not a problem for the Cushings, because the family investments gradually recovered. Economically, it was not a bad time to have left the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, which was strapped for funds for the rest of the 1930s, creating endless, demoralizing problems for Harvey’s successor, Elliott Cutler, who did not have a happy tenure. While Yale, too, had to implement minor austerity measures, life for the Cushings in New Haven and wherever they summered was materially comfortable and intellectually rich.
Esotropic Deviations
Authors: Repka Michael X 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The signature disease of pediatric ophthalmology is esotropia. There are a number of subtypes, based on time of onset, presence of hypermetropic refractive error, and associated neurologic findings. These findings are not sufficient to adequately explain the actual cause of most cases of esotropia. The evaluation, medical and optical therapy, and surgery for correction of esodeviations of most causes is similar, except for those cases associated with extraocular muscle ductional deficits.
Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Zee Chi-Shing , Go John L , Kim, Paul E , Geng Daoying 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Head trauma is the major cause of accidental death in the United States, particularly in the juvenile and young adult groups.11,17,18,32 Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for a death rate of 16.9 per 100,000 population per year.44 Motor vehicle accidents (57%), firearms injuries (14%), and traumatic falls (12%) are the most frequent causes. Males are three times more likely to die from brain injury–associated death than females. Head injuries are responsible for 200 to 300 hospital admissions per 100,000 population per year in the United States.6 Most of the admissions last only a few days, and the patients are admitted for clinical observation. Head injury is not only a cause of death but also a cause of serious financial burden to the society providing treatment and care to these patients. Lost labor and reduced productivity to the society further add to the negative impact. The cost of head trauma to the society is estimated to be billions of dollars annually. The majority of the patients suffering head injuries are considered to have mild head injury. Most patients recover fully from mild TBI, but 15% to 29% of patients with mild TBI may have significant neurocognitive problems.27 Common symptoms include attention deficit, deficit in working memory and speed of information processing; headaches, dizziness, and irritability.
Posttraumatic Epilepsy
Authors: Willmore L James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Severe head injury results in a sequence of pathophysiological changes in brain that tend to correlate with the severity of injury.12 Acute traumatic brain injury causes changes in brain metabolism, blood flow, and homeostasis that are a threat to survival. Seizures occur because of the acute injury and are liable to complicate management. Such immediate seizures50 that occur either acutely or within the first 24 hours of injury may require initiation of treatment at the injury scene or may occur later in the course of treating the injured patient. Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant that is effective in preventing seizures that occur in the period following an acute injury. However, occurrence of a seizure in a head-injured patient requires immediate brain imaging to define a possible cause, including the accumulation of blood within the cranium.
Neurovascular Trauma
Authors: Nanda Anil , Rudrappa Satish , Tuna, Hakan , Vannemreddy Prasad 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ambroise Paré, who had the distinct privilege of operating on King Henry II of France, was the first to describe the successful treatment of a carotid injury when, in 1552, he repaired a penetrating injury to the left carotid artery caused by a sword using a cotton pack and suture.5 The next mention of this form of injury appeared at sea, on the HMS Tonnant in 1803, where a carotid laceration was repaired with no neurological deficit.23 In 1872, Verneuil presented the first case of nonpenetrating trauma to the carotid artery with thrombus and intimal tear at autopsy.68 The first reported case of a traumatic intracranial aneurysm was by Guibert, who, in 1895, described a traumatic internal carotid artery aneurysm found at autopsy. Neurovascular trauma had a colorful and rich history in the glorious times of sword fights and gallantry. Unfortunately, the chivalry of the sixteenth century has been replaced by the staccato of urban gunfire and accelerating motor vehicles, making cerebrovascular system trauma a common occurrence today. Traumatic vascular lesions can occur after severe or even the mildest form of head and cervical trauma. These injuries must be strongly suspected based on the mechanism of trauma, which might be penetrating (obvious) or blunt (concealed); the former might obviate the need for exploration of the injured artery, while the latter may make it more difficult to diagnose the extent of injury. The scenario is further complicated in the setting of polytrauma, where shock, sensorium, and sedation confound the diagnosis.
Cognitive Rehabilitation
Authors: Malec James F , Cicerone Keith D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As might be said about most areas of clinical care, professional interest in cognitive rehabilitation (CR) was motivated more by humanistic than by scientific concerns during its initial development. Increasing numbers of young people survived severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI) in the 1970s due to improved emergency and neurosurgical methods. Rehabilitation professionals responded by attempting to formulate procedures to assist these people in reentering the mainstream of life. These early rehabilitation efforts were strongly encouraged by family members of people with TBI and through the advocacy of the National Head Injury Association (later renamed the Brain Injury Association of America) and its affiliates.
Plexus Injuries
Authors: Wilbourn Asa J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) plexuses are intricate networks of nerve fibers located between the spinal cord or primary roots (proximally) and the proximal peripheral nerves (distally). The three major neural plexuses—brachial, lumbar, and sacral—are traversed by almost all the nerve fibers that supply the upper and lower extremities, the shoulder and hip girdles, and the pelvic floor. The anatomy of each plexus is unique. Nonetheless, all of them respond to injury with the same types of pathophysiological reactions, and lesions of them are identified and localized, to a greater or lesser extent, by the same diagnostic procedures. These two features, common to all the PNS plexuses, will now be discussed.
Epidemiology of Sports Injuries
Authors: Toth Cory 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Injury to the nervous system may occur with essentially any sport and may involve multiple levels of the nervous system, including peripheral nerves, brachial and lumbar plexi, spinal roots, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebrum. While particular sports can be associated with a high incidence of injury, such as football, boxing, and hockey, other sports are less commonly associated with nervous system injury. Many sports are associated with sportspecific forms of injury. Injuries may range from serious central nervous system (CNS) injury associated with great morbidity and even mortality to peripheral nervous system (PNS) injury with lengthy disability. Management of these problems is often the responsibility of a number of medical specialties, including neurologists, emergency room physicians, sports medicine physicians, surgeons, and general physicians. As concerns regarding concussion and other injuries mount, sports neurology will gain even greater importance. Improved assessment of injuries, such as the Canadian registry of hockeyrelated spinal injuries and recent National Football League (NFL) investigations into pathophysiologies of cerebral injury, will enhance our understanding of injury mechanisms. In all likelihood, these important measurements will lead the way to improved injury prevention schemes as well.
Neurological Injury from Undersea Diving
Authors: Massey E Wayne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Scuba diving is becoming an increasingly popular sport. Data have been kept through the Diver’s Alert Network (DAN) for years and can be evaluated to suggest the epidemiological characteristics of diving accidents. Although injured divers are not necessarily comparable to a normal diving population, injury occurrences are continuously being assessed by DAN. There are approximately 3 million certified divers in the United States.9 There are approximately 1000 to 1200 injuries yearly (see Fig. 29.1 comparing 1987–2002).
Complications of Stereotactic Brain Surgery
Authors: Kondziolka Douglas , Lunsford L Dade 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Stereotactic surgery refers to an image-guided neurosurgical procedure in which three-dimensional targeting is used to facilitate a diagnostic or therapeutic goal in the brain. A surgical complication is defined as an adverse event that occurs either during surgery or within a 30-day postoperative interval. Such a complication must arise as a direct consequence of the surgery or its associated administration of anesthesia or other medical care. Traditionally, stereotactic surgery uses a stereotactic head frame to register accurately highresolution neurodiagnostic brain images for use in surgery. Most frame-based stereotactic procedures involve accessing brain targets using probes, electrodes, or catheters through small cranial openings. The use of closed-skull, single-treatment session irradiation to manage brain disease (stereotactic radiosurgery) is an important and increasingly used approach. Invisible radiation beams replace rigid surgical instruments.
Assessment of nutrient intakes from food consumption data
Authors: Gibson Rosalind S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is possible to calculate the nutrient intakes of individuals or population groups if quantitative or semiquantitative methods have been used to collect the relevant food consumption data. The calculations use food composition values representative of the average composition of a particular foodstuff — ideally on a year-round, nationwide basis. The values are available as food composition tables, and/or databases.
Using Reflection and Rhetoric to Understand Professional Behaviors
Authors: Ginsburg Shiphra , Lingard Lorelei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Preceding chapters in this book have addressed important issues in the assessment of ethical understanding, communication skills, and the aspiration to humanism and accountability. Chapters 8-10 on critical incident reports and faculty and peer obsenrations all propose methods by which individuals might obsenre and assess professional behaviors. But professionalism entails not only the ability to uphold the principles and values of the profession but also the ability to negotiate between competing values in a specific context. As Coles (2002) stated, professional practice involves practitioners in finding not so much the “right” answer (which may not exist in an absolute sense) but rather in deciding what is “best” in the situation in which they find themselves (3). Understanding the nature of such negotiations requires asking more than “What did the student do?” or “What choice did the student make?” Instead, we must ask, “Why did the student choose that action?” or “How did they justify their actions?” (Rest and Narvaez 1994; Burke 1969).
Religio Philosophi
Authors: Garber Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As I write these words, I am sitting in a hotel room in the Latin Quarter of Paris. Three hundred and fifty years ago or so this area was frequented by my people. I don’t mean my ancestors, who were in an altogether different part of Europe, doing very different things. I mean the people I study. In earlyand mid-seventeenth-century Paris you could find many of the people who made science and philosophy what it is today. Descartes lived here for a while; though he moved away, he came back from time to time, and his spirit (immaterial, of course) haunted these streets for many years. Pascal lived here, around the corner, actually. Mersenne lived across the river, in a neighborhood to which one could walk in thirty or forty-five minutes. I don’t know where Hobbes lived during the crucial decade of his life that he spent here, but it must have been close; Paris wasn’t that big back then. Ditto for Gassendi. A few years later Leibniz was to visit for three short years that shaped the rest of his intellectual life.
Risk Factors for Victimization of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Heron Sheryl L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Individual, dyadic (e.g., the relationship between a man and woman), institutional, and societal determinants increase the risk of intimate partner violence (IPV) toward women. Individual risk factors include primarily violence in the family of origin, such as witnessing parental violence, as well as a childhood history of physical and sexual abuse. Dyadic risk factors include stress between partners, as well as a woman’s ability to meet the needs of her partner to maintain the relationship. Institutional risk factors such as schools that may reinforce socialization supporting violent behavior or religious institutions with conservative theological views, require more research and support programs to protect women against IPV.
Safety Planning, Danger, and Lethality Assessment
Authors: Campbell Jacquelyn , Glass Nancy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Homicide is a leading cause of premature death for all women in the United States, especially African-American and Native-American women. The majority of women killed in the United States and around the world are killed by intimate partners, husbands, boyfriends, or ex-partners. The leading risk factor for intimate partner homicide (IPH) of both female and male partners is prior intimate partner violence (IPV) against the female partner. Other important risk factors include guns in the home, estrangement, stepchildren (woman’s biological child, not male partner’s child) in home, male partner unemployment, threats to kill, and threats with a weapon, forced sex, and abuse during pregnancy. Needed areas of research related to IPH include interventions to decrease IPH, causes of ethnic disparities in IPH, IPH as a leading cause of maternal mortality, IPH among samesex partners, and children affected by IPH.
Obstacles and Remedies for Criminal and Civil Justice for Victims of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Buel Sara M , Hirst Eliza M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is one of the most rampant health problems in the United States. As a consequence of IPV, survivors often face significant physical, mental, economic, social, and legal obstacles. Victims do not always report incidents to practitioners or law enforcement because of the real or perceived risks of homelessness, removal of children, dual arrest policies, poverty, isolation, embarrassment, deportation (if undocumented), and/or unemployment. As part of safety planning, protection orders may be one of the most effective ways to help IPV victims. Healthcare practitioners may be asked to serve as experts in legal matters involving crimes, divorce, custody, torts, immigration petitions, and protective orders stemming from IPV.
Restructuring and Functional Heads
Authors: Cinque Guglielmo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This volume collects the recent published articles of Guglielmo Cinque of the University of Venice, one of the world's top linguists. The book is divided into two sections, the first on restructuring, a central topic in Romance syntax and with connections to other language groups as well. The second part focuses on the consequences of treating clausal functional heads as members of a universal hierarchy in the domain of morphpsyntax, offering a new perspective on many intricate problems arising in a variety of natural languages.