bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agent‐switching, plight inescapability and corporate agency
Authors: Leffler Olof 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRealists about group agency, according to whom corporate agents may have mental states and perform actions over and above those of their individual members, think that individual agents may switch between participating in individual and corporate agency. My aim is, however, to argue that the inescapability of individual agency spells out a difficulty for this kind of switching – and, therefore, for realism about corporate agency. To do so, I develop Korsgaard's notion of plight inescapability. On my take, it suggests that individual agents are continuously faced with fully exercising their own individual agency (absent external limits at the time of its exercise). But then individual agents may not switch to acting as members of corporate agents, in the sense of taking on irreducible mental states that differ from their own. As it nevertheless is possible to participate fully in the action of a corporate entity, this incompatibility between individual and corporate mental states suggests a challenge for group agent realism.
Progress and perspective of trained immunity in teleost fish
Authors: You Xinwei , Yang Jin , Wang Zhuang , Wang Qiyao , Liu Qin , Zhang Yuanxing , Wiegertjes Geert F. , Yang Dahai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTrained immunity defines the long‐term memory of innate immunity based on innate immune signalling, metabolic changes and epigenetic rewiring of trained innate immune cells, which are characterised by elevated inflammatory responses towards secondary stimuli. The activation of this non‐specific protection‐mediated memory in innate immune cells was identified to benefit host defences as well as play a detrimental role in inflammatory diseases. In this review, we focused on summing up the current progress about the inducers, effector cells, molecular mechanisms and protective effects of trained immunity that have been identified in both mammals and teleost fish, and discussing the future research and application of trained immunity in aquaculture. Revealing the mechanisms of trained immunity will not only provide a novel aspect for understanding the evolution of innate immune memory and their longer‐term protections, but also contribute to the rational design and evaluation of immunopotentiators, adjuvants and potential vaccines in aquaculture.
A growth mindset intervention to improve mental health in adolescents during COVID‐19
Authors: Lipsey Nikolette P. , Burnette Jeni L. , Becker Whitney , Baker Levi R. , McCrimmon Jordyn , Billingsley Joseph 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCOVID‐19 poses a considerable threat to adolescent mental health. We investigated depression rates in teens from pre to post‐COVID. We also explored if leveraging a growth mindset intervention (“Healthy Minds”) could improve adolescent mental health outcomes during the pandemic, especially for adolescents experiencing the most distress. In Study 1, we recruited youth from schools in a rural southern community (N = 239) and used a pre‐post design. In Study 2, we recruited an online sample (N = 833) and used a longitudinal randomized control trial design to test the effectiveness of Healthy Minds. Across both studies, there is evidence of higher rates of depression in youth during COVID‐19, relative to pre‐pandemic numbers. In Study 1, the intervention effectively changed psychological and behavioral processes related to mental health, especially for adolescents experiencing greater COVID‐19 stress. However, in Study 2, the intervention failed to impact depression rates or symptoms at follow‐up.
The effects of liberal and illiberal world society on women's legislative representation, 1970–2018
Authors: Mejia Steven A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis research investigates the impact of liberal and illiberal world society on women's legislative representation across a sample of developed and developing countries, and at the global level.MethodsI estimate fixed effects panel regression models with robust standard errors clustered by country.ResultsI consistently find that liberal world society embeddedness helps explain cross‐national and longitudinal variations in women's legislative representation across all three country samples, while illiberal world society ties matter at the global level.ConclusionThis analysis highlights the role of world culture in explaining the worldwide expansion of women's legislative representation across country development levels.
Gamma Power as an Index of Sustained Attention in Simulated Vigilance Tasks
Authors: Curley Taylor M. , Borghetti Lorraine , Morris Megan B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPerformance on the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT; Dinges & Powell, 1985)—a common index of sustained attention—is affected by the opposing forces of fatigue and sustained effort, where reaction times and error rates typically increase across trials and are sometimes offset by additional efforts deployed toward the end of the task (i.e., an “end‐spurt”; cf. Bergum & Klein, 1961). In ACT‐R (Adaptive Control of Thought‐Rational; Anderson et al., 2004), these influences on task performance have been modeled as latent variables that are inferred from performance (e.g., Jongman, 1998; Veksler & Gunzelmann, 2018) without connections to directly observable variables. We propose the use of frontal gamma (γ) spectral power as a direct measure of vigilant effort and demonstrate its efficacy in modeling performance on the PVT in both the aggregate and in individuals.
Complex Neck Loading and Injury Tolerance in Lateral Bending With Head Rotation From Human Cadaver Tests
Authors: Yoganandan Narayan , Baisden Jamie , Vedantam Aditya , Banerjee Anjishnu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Advancements in automated vehicles may position the occupant in postures different from the current standard posture. It may affect human tolerance responses. The objective of this study was to determine the lateral bending tolerance of the head-cervical spine with initial head rotation posture using loads at the occipital condyles and lower neck and describe injuries. Using a custom loading device, head-cervical spine complexes from human cadavers were prepared with load cells at the ends. Lateral bending loads were applied to prerotated specimens at 1.5 m/s. At the occipital condyles, peak axial and antero-posterior and medial-lateral shear forces were: 316–954 N, 176–254 N, and 327–508 N, and coronal, sagittal, and axial moments were: 27–38 N·m, 21–38 N·m, and 9.7–19.8 N·m, respectively. At the lower neck, peak axial and shear forces were: 677–1004 N, 115–227 N, and 178–350 N, and coronal, sagittal, and axial moments were: 30–39 N·m, 7.6–21.3 N·m, and 5.7–13.4 N·m, respectively. Ipsilateral atlas lateral mass fractures occurred in four out of five specimens with varying joint diastasis and capsular ligament involvements. Acknowledging that the study used a small sample size, initial tolerances at the occipital condyles and lower neck were estimated using survival analysis. Injury patterns with posture variations are discussed.
A Novel Design Method for the Knee Joint of the Exoskeleton Based on the Modular Wearable Sensor
Authors: Cao Jian , Wang Chang , Zhang Jianhua , Li Kexiang , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper innovatively proposes an artificial knee joint customization design scheme based on modular wearable sensors. It aims to solve the compatibility and security problem of wearable devices for different individual knee joints. The method consists of two main parts: measurement and customization. A wearable sensor with three joints is proposed and analyzed. The sensor can measure the kinematic characteristics of human knee joints to obtain the customized design parameters of artificial joints. Designed a bionic four-link knee joint, and the parameters of the connecting rod were optimized by a genetic algorithm based on the measured data. In particular, the measuring device and knee joint are designed in a modular way, and they can be used on the same platform. The modular design method can be used to customize joints for different individuals, which simplifies the difficulty of customization and effectively reduces the cost. After the modular knee joint's optimized design, this paper mainly conducted a number of comparative tests. The comparative test results of three joints show that the dynamic tracking accuracy of customized joints is 54.9% higher than that of ordinary joints and 70.5% higher than that of hinge joints. The results show that personalized customization for individuals can improve human-machine coupling performance.
Unified Approach for Damping Rate of Transient Laminar Flow: Experiments, Computational Fluid Dynamics, and One-Dimensional, and Global Models
Authors: Martins Nuno M. C. , Covas Dídia I. C. , Capponi Caterina , Meniconi Silvia , Brunone Bruno 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Pipe networks exhibit complex geometries and are equipped with electromechanical devices capable of generating hydraulic transients. Most of these devices are remotely controlled and managed through an integrated system that prioritizes network demands. This implies that potential hazardous pressure peaks, that may occur during each operation, may need to be taken into account. Consequently, when multiple operations take place in a short time interval, transient pressure waves, generated in different parts of the network and traveling back and forward, overlap and can be larger than the design maximum pressure. To address this concern, it is essential to evaluate the pressure-damping rate of critical maneuvers and to identify a “safe” time interval between maneuvers to prevent the risk of inappropriate pressure waves overlapping. With the aim of analyzing the damping rate of closure maneuvers, both numerical and laboratory experiments have been executed for a laminar flow in a reservoir-pipe-valve system. In this context, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics, a one-dimensional and global model, the latter based on a sinusoidal function, have been used. Guidelines are then presented for identifying the safe time interval between maneuvers.
Performance Characteristics of a Rotating Detonation Combustor Exiting Into a Pressurized Plenum to Simulate Gas Turbine Inlet
Authors: Talukdar Shaon , Langner Dalton , Gupta Apurav , Agrawal Ajay K. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The present study aims to experimentally characterize the performance of a rotating detonation combustion (RDC) system integrated with a pressurized downstream plenum to simulate the high-pressure inlet conditions of power-generating gas turbines. A thorough understanding of the operational behavior including wave mode behavior, static pressure profile along the combustor length, and dynamic features of pressure fluctuations is crucial for successful integration of RDC with the turbine. In this study, two RDC configurations are investigated, RDC with a constant area annulus and RDC with a converging nozzle. In both cases, the RDC flow exited into a plenum chamber kept at pressures varying from 155 kPa to 330 kPa. RDC was operated on methane and oxygen-enriched air to represent reactants used in land-based power generation. Experiments were conducted for the two RDCs configurations operated at three reactant mass flow rates (0.23, 0.32, and 0.46 kg/s). The RDC performance is characterized by time-averaged static pressure measurements, and wave velocity determined by ionization probes. In addition, dynamic pressure measurements were recorded both inside and near the exit of RDC channel to investigate wave interactions between RDC and downstream plenum. Results show that the RDC with the converging nozzle achieved superior performance while minimizing detrimental interactions with the reflected shock and/or acoustic waves from the downstream plenum.
Strong field vacuum birefringence in plane wave pulses
Authors: King B. , Heinzl T. , Blackburn T. G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBy combining an adiabatic approach based on a ‘locally monochromatic’ approximation with a local Hilbert transform, it is demonstrated how vacuum birefringence in the strong field regime can be calculated using a rate approach suitable for Monte Carlo simulation codes. Results for the flipping of the photon’s polarisation (helicity) are benchmarked with evaluation of exact expressions in a circularly (linearly) polarised plane wave of finite extent. For the circularly polarised case, the Heisenberg–Euler approach predicts a null result; an approximation similar to the ‘locally constant’ form is presented, which recovers the correct low-energy scaling. Example probabilities are given for typical experimental parameters.
Design and Analysis of a Low-Profile Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Monopole Antenna Based on Characteristic Mode Analysis
Authors: Obeng Kwakye Kingsford Sarkodie , Rasool Nouman , Oteng Gyasi Kwame , Abroquah Joseph , Ellis Mubarak Sani , Owusu Ohemeng Lord , Ahmed Abdul-Rahman , Kponyo Jerry John 
Published: October 2023

This paper presents the design of a simple dual-band circularly polarized monopole antenna using characteristic mode analysis. First, a dual-band elliptically polarized “L”-shaped monopole antenna with a partial ground is designed; then, a rectangular stub and a parasitic structure on the ground plane are implemented to achieve dual-band CP operation. To enhance impedance bandwidth and generate circular polarization in the upper band, the rectangular stub is attached to the “L”-shaped strip. The parasitic structure is employed for simultaneous dual-band CP radiation. Characteristic mode analysis is undertaken to predict the performance of the antenna before excitation. The modal analysis which is undertaken before excitation shows the natural modes that can be excited by the antenna structure to generate a dual-band CP response. The analysis gives approximate bandwidths that can be achieved by the antenna even before excitation. The overall dimension of the antenna

is

0.379

λ

0

×
0.379

λ

0

×
0.015

λ

0

, where

λ

0

is the corresponding free-space wavelength at 5.7 GHz. The measured -10 dB impedance bandwidth (ZBW) is realized to be 75.9% (4.5 GHz–10 GHz). The measured 3 dB axial ratio bandwidths (ARBW) at the lower and upper bands are 6% (5.6 GHz–5.95 GHz) and 28% (6.65 GHz–8.82 GHz), respectively. The proposed antenna features a simple and compact structure for Wi-Fi, WLAN, WiMAX, and C band applications.
Predicting Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Following Carotid Endarterectomy Using Machine Learning
Authors: Li Ben , Verma Raj , Beaton Derek , Tamim Hani , Hussain Mohamad A. , Hoballah Jamal J. , Lee Douglas S. , Wijeysundera Duminda N. , de Mestral Charles , Mamdani Muhammad , Al‐Omran Mohammed 
Published: October 2023

Background
Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a major vascular operation for stroke prevention that carries significant perioperative risks; however, outcome prediction tools remain limited. The authors developed machine learning algorithms to predict outcomes following CEA.

Methods and Results
The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program targeted vascular database was used to identify patients who underwent CEA between 2011 and 2021. Input features included 36 preoperative demographic/clinical variables. The primary outcome was 30‐day major adverse cardiovascular events (composite of stroke, myocardial infarction, or death). The data were split into training (70%) and test (30%) sets. Using 10‐fold cross‐validation, 6 machine learning models were trained using preoperative features. The primary metric for evaluating model performance was area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Model robustness was evaluated with calibration plot and Brier score. Overall, 38 853 patients underwent CEA during the study period. Thirty‐day major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 1683 (4.3%) patients. The best performing prediction model was XGBoost, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.90–0.92). In comparison, logistic regression had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.62 (95% CI, 0.60–0.64), and existing tools in the literature demonstrate area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values ranging from 0.58 to 0.74. The calibration plot showed good agreement between predicted and observed event probabilities with a Brier score of 0.02. The strongest predictive feature in our algorithm was carotid symptom status.

Conclusions
The machine learning models accurately predicted 30‐day outcomes following CEA using preoperative data and performed better than existing tools. They have potential for important utility in guiding risk‐mitigation strategies to improve outcomes for patients being considered for CEA.
Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors Are Stronger Related to Carotid Intima‐Media Thickness Than to Presence of Carotid Plaques in People Living With HIV
Authors: Blaauw Marc J. T. , Berrevoets Marvin A. H. , Vos Wilhelm A. J. W. , Groenendijk Albert L. , van Eekeren Louise E. , Vadaq Nadira , Weijers Gert , van der Ven Andre J. A. M. , Rutten Joost H. W. , Riksen Niels P. 
Published: October 2023

Background
Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV, who are at higher risk than the general population. We assessed, in a large cohort of people living with HIV, which cardiovascular, HIV‐specific, and lipoproteomic markers were associated with carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT) and carotid plaque presence. We also studied guideline adherence on lipid‐lowering medication in individuals with high and very high risk for cardiovascular disease.

Methods and Results
In 1814 individuals with a median (interquartile range) age of 53 (44–60) years, we found a carotid plaque in 909 (50.1%) and a median (interquartile range) intima‐media thickness of 0.66 (0.57–0.76) mm. Ultrasonography was used for the assessment of cIMT and plaque presence. Univariable and multivariable regression models were used for associations with cIMT and presence of plaques. Age, Black race, body mass index, type 2 diabetes, and smoking (pack years) were all positively associated with higher cIMT. Levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, specifically medium and large high‐density lipoprotein subclasses, were negatively associated with higher cIMT. Only age and prior myocardial infarction were positively related to the presence of a carotid plaque. Lipid‐lowering treatment was prescribed in one‐third of people living with HIV, who are at high and very high risk for cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions
Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were significantly associated with higher cIMT but not with carotid plaques, except for age. HIV‐specific factors were not associated with both ultrasound measurements. Future studies are needed to elucidate which factors contribute to plaque formation. Improvement of guideline adherence on prescription of lipid‐lowering treatment in high‐ and very high‐risk patients for cardiovascular disease is recommended.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03994835.
Effect of the Novel Myotrope Danicamtiv on Cross‐Bridge Behavior in Human Myocardium
Authors: Choi Joohee , Holmes Joshua B. , Campbell Kenneth S. , Stelzer Julian E. 
Published: October 2023

Background
Omecamtiv mecarbil (OM) and danicamtiv both increase myocardial force output by selectively activating myosin within the cardiac sarcomere. Enhanced force generation is presumably due to an increase in the total number of myosin heads bound to the actin filament; however, detailed comparisons of the molecular mechanisms of OM and danicamtiv are lacking.

Methods and Results

The effect of OM and danicamtiv on Ca
2+
sensitivity of force generation was analyzed by exposing chemically skinned myocardial samples to a series of increasing Ca
2+
solutions. The results showed that OM significantly increased Ca
2+
sensitivity of force generation, whereas danicamtiv showed similar Ca
2+
sensitivity of force generation to untreated preparations. A direct comparison of OM and danicamtiv on dynamic cross‐bridge behavior was performed at a concentration that produced a similar force increase when normalized to predrug levels at submaximal force (pCa 6.1). Both OM and danicamtiv‐treated groups slowed the rates of cross‐bridge detachment from the strongly bound state and cross‐bridge recruitment into the force‐producing state. Notably, the significant OM‐induced prolongation in the time to reach force relaxation and subsequent commencement of force generation following rapid stretch was dramatically reduced in danicamtiv‐treated myocardium.

Conclusions
This is the first study to directly compare the effects of OM and danicamtiv on cross‐bridge kinetics. At a similar level of force enhancement, danicamtiv had a less pronounced effect on the slowing of cross‐bridge kinetics and, therefore, may provide a similar improvement in systolic function as OM without excessively prolonging systolic ejection time and slowing cardiac relaxation facilitating diastolic filling at the whole‐organ level.
A Racial Theory of Labour: Racial Capitalism from Colonial Slavery to Postcolonial Migration
Authors: De Genova Nicholas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A reconsideration of the crucial historical role of slavery in the consolidation of the global regime of capital accumulation provides a vital source of Marxian critique for our postcolonial present. The Atlantic slave trade literally transformed African men and women into human commodities. The reduction of human beings into human commodities, or ‘human capital’ – indeed, into labour and nothing but labour – which was the very essence of modern slavery, served as a necessary prerequisite for the consolidation and perfecting of what Marx called ‘labour in the abstract’, and requires us to re-situate enslaved labour as the defining and constitutive limit for how we comprehend labour as such under capitalism. The production of labour in the abstract, or labour ‘in general’, depended nonetheless upon concrete productions of sociopolitical difference, particularly the branding of race. The term ‘Black’, which was devised to literally and figuratively brand the flesh of enslaved people, was also contrived to signify their particular sociopolitical condition of brutal degradation as the ultimate limit for the subjugation of labour. Blackness names that limit. Thus, Blackness is in fact necessary for apprehending labour as such under capitalism. Marx’s scathing critique of wage labour is always haunted by the long shadow of slavery as its limit figure. If we comprehend labour to be the antithesis of capital, then to the extent that Blackness names the ultimate condition of labour’s subordination and subjection to capital, we need to recognise the tendency for all labour under capital to be pressed toward a sociopolitical condition of Blackness (or approximating Blackness), where Blackness does not name any kind of essential identity but the racialised sociopolitical condition of that subordination/subjection. Consequently, the labour theory of value – which has always been in fact, more accurately, a value theory of labour – must be complemented with what we might posit to be a racial theory of labour. Such an ostensibly historical perspective on the foundational role of slavery in the genesis of capitalism is no mere scholastic exercise in the historiography of ‘primitive accumulation’, however, but rather must be re-purposed toward the ends of elaborating what has remained an as-yet underdeveloped Marxian theory of migrant labour. Extrapolating key insights from Marx’s corpus for the formulation of a racial theory of labour, this essay is ultimately concerned with the ways that slavery supplies capitalism with a defining horizon for all labour, and thus how this insight might instructively serve to comprehend the racialised subordination of migrant labour within our global/postcolonial sociopolitical order.