bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Livelihood & Climate Change Implication of In-situ Conservation Strategies for Punica granantum and Syzygium cumini in Sunni Tehsil, Shimla H. P. India
Authors: Attri Pawan Kumar , Verma Priyanka , Malik Sonali 
Published: January 2024

Sustainably harvesting and selling wild fruits can offer rural communities an economical source of income while concurrently safeguarding ecosystems. This study aims for the global promotion of wild edible fruits (WEFs) in the rural areas of Sunni Nagar Panchayat, located in the Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh. This study primarily focuses on comprehensively documenting the utilization of wild edible fruits by local inhabitants through a structured survey and in-depth interviews. Employing a multistage random sampling technique, five villages—Ambari, Kadog, Kamla dugri, Kalwi, and Basantpur—were chosen based on the prevalence of Punica granatum and Syzygium cumini. This research underscores the economic advantages of collecting WEFs for rural communities, providing them with affordable and easily accessible food sources. Additionally, it promotes public awareness, community-based management, and research on indigenous fruits to diversify diets and contribute to the overall well-being of these communities.
Pomegranate and Jamun (local names referring to the botanical species of Punica granatum and Syzygium cumini, respectively) trees play crucial roles in ecological conservation by offering habitat, shelter, and promoting biodiversity, while also combating soil erosion. However, escalating threats such as population growth, forest fires, urbanization, and timber extraction endanger this rich biodiversity. To counter plant extinction risks, a strategic approach to forest conservation is imperative, emphasizing sustainable collection and trade of underutilized species beneficial for food, medicine, and income. Climate change poses challenges to pomegranate production, impacting orchards with temperature fluctuations, altered precipitation, extreme weather, and pests. Adaptation measures, including irrigation, pest management, and diversification, are crucial. Preserving wild pomegranate and Jamun demands habitat protection, restoration, and sustainable agriculture through agroforestry research, community engagement, and supportive policies. Integrating traditional knowledge with modern conservation ensures a comprehensive approach, actively preserving genetic diversity, ecological balance, and cultural relevance through multi-dimensional conservation efforts for Pomegranate and Jamun.
Six Thinking Hats: A Educational Technique to Enhance Cognitive Abilities in Education
Authors: Karmakar Payel , Chattopadhyay K. N. 
Published: January 2024

Cognition is a fundamental human capacity that can be enhanced via deliberate effort and focused attention. Periodically, different educational bodies and policies acknowledge the significance of fostering critical thinking skills among pupils. The NEP 2020 also prioritizes cultivating students' innovative capacities and more significant intellectual potential through education. The primary objective of this study is to present a distinctive teaching approach that facilitates the development of advanced cognitive abilities, such as parallel thinking, lateral thinking, innovative thinking, and analytical thinking among students. The Six Thinking Hats concept, developed by Edward De Bono, provides a pragmatic approach to implementing diverse tasks. Using six metaphorical hats of varying colors, one can investigate a variety of cognitive talents in a straightforward, interesting, and effective manner. Another essential objective of this method is to guide the cognitive process into six distinct domains, individually promoting and improving concentrated thought. It enables individuals to examine issues, choices, alternatives, and opportunities in a structured, precise, and analytical manner. The Six Thinking Hats technique is commonly employed in the corporate management sector due to its effectiveness in addressing conflicts and identifying the best options. Promoting outstanding thinking, collaboration, and interaction offers multiple benefits for pupils, educators, and administrators. This study thoroughly analyzes the Six Thinking Hats technique and its advantages in a learning environment.
Oral Hygiene Index in Children Aged 7-10 Years with Stainless Steel Crowns: Retrospective Study
Authors: Dhakshinya M. , Subramanian E. M. G. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Stainless steel crowns are the best treatment option for restoring primary carious teeth. However maintaining good oral hygiene in children with crowns can be difficult. Plaque and calculus deposits in these teeth will damage the usual teeth nearby.
Materials and Methods: This study was done to determine the OHI score in children under the age group of 7-10 years with stainless steel crowns. Data was gathered from a private dental institution's patient record system, with gender and the inclusion criteria was patients with stainless steel crowns. The study was conducted between September 2020 and March 2021. 114 patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion requirements being included in the report. Chi square test and descriptive analysis was done.
Results: More than 50% of the children with stainless steel crowns had moderately good OHI scores. Girls had better oral hygiene scores compared to boys.
Discussion: Males generally visit the dentist less frequently than females, and seek oral therapy for an acute condition rather than disease prevention. Females have more positive views toward dental appointments, are more knowledgeable about oral health, and practice better oral hygiene than females.
Conclusion: Girls with stainless steel crowns had better oral hygiene scores compared to boys.
The Incidence of Intraoperative Hypotension and the Importance of Timely Detection
Authors: Sirait Robert H 
Published: January 2024

Aims: Intraoperative hypotension (IOH) is a common condition faced by anesthesiologists intraoperatively which poignanting patients undergoing surgery under general and neuraxial anesthesia. Its occurrence is associated with dangerous morbid situations found perioperatively that can lead into fatal complications, such as acute kidney failure, direct myocardial injury, and even can end in mortality. Despite advanced closed hemodynamic monitoring and protocols utilizing goal directed therapy, recent trend of management is remaining reactive. Anesthesiologists tend to intervene when the episode of hypotension has already occurred. This literature review aimed to discuss the incidence of intraoperative hypotension and its urgency to overcome intraoperatively.
Conclusion: The incidence of IOH varies based on the type of surgery, type of anesthesia and fragility of the patient, for example having comorbidities. Due to the rapid development of IOH which is unwanted, the effort reducing the hypotensive burden intraoperatively, as soon as possible is mandatory. By carefully predicting and preventing IOH through closed monitoring of patient’s blood pressure will surely improve patient outcome and prevent adverse unwanted post-operative event.
Identification of a Novel Streptomyces Species for Management of Plant Disease
Authors: Yamunarani K. , Sangeetha S. , Chitra K. , Dhanalakshmi K. , Dhanushkodi V. 
Published: January 2024

Native isolates of groundnut stem rot casual organism, Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Were collected from major groundnut growing areas of Tamil Nadu. Selected isolates were screened, characterized and indentified the virulent isolate (GNSR1). Several native bacterial and fungal antagonists were isolated against GNSR1. Two antagonistic isolates, viz., GNRAJK1 and GNRAVR14, were found to have antagonistic effects on GNSR1. Morphology and spore structure of isolated antagonists, GNRAJK1 and GNRAVR14, were studied under Light microscopy, Biochemical test, Thin layer chromatography and Biolog analysis. It confirmed the group of micro organisms as Streptomyces based on gram staining, medium specific growth, visual morphological characters, cell wall amino acid studies and spore forming chraracters. The genus and species level of the antagonists were identified by Fatty Acids Methyl Esters (FAME) Analysis. The isolate GNRAJK1 had a SIM index of 0.007 and was identified as Streptomyces violaceusniger, and GNRAVR14 had a SIM index of 0.013 and was identified as Streptomyces exfoliatus.
Development of a computed tomography algorithm for ion temperature measurement
Authors: Murata Yukihiro , Takeuchi Shinya , Tawara Takeshi , Ono Yasushi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA new algorithm for 2D ion temperature measurement was developed by including Gaussian fitting of Doppler broadened spectral lines in tomography reconstruction. A modified Bessel function model and squared cosine function model were used to satisfy both the annular boundary conditions in space and the Gaussian profile of spectral lines in wavelength. This method was found much more robust against projection signal errors than the conventional Gaussian‐fitting method at each wavelength. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 142(4): 1–8, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10114
HLA genotyping of 5,000‐ and 6,000‐year‐old ancient bones in Japan
Authors: Anzai T. , Naruse T.k. , Tokunaga K. , Honma T. , Baba H. , Akazawa T. , Inoko H. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract:We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based DNA typing to identify HLA class II alleles of two individuals from ancient human remains. Genomic DNAs were isolated from two ancient human skeletons excavated from the Sanganji and Kitakogane sites in the main and northern islands of Japan, respectively. They were archaeologically estimated to be approximately 5,000 and 6,000 years old respectively, representing the remnants from the Jomon era. High molecular weight DNA was extracted by the standard proteinase K‐phenol extraction method followed by purification with a Centricon‐30 micro concentrator. Several rounds of PCR successfully gave rise to amplification of the HLA‐DRB1 and ‐DQA1 genes. The PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) and sequencing based typing (PCR‐SBT) methods revealed that those ancient individuals possessed the DRB1 and DQA1 alleles which are highly prevalent among the modern north Asian as well as Japanese populations.
Unusual association of the DRB4 null allele, DRB4*0103102N, with HLA DRB1*0402 in a sample of Austrian patients
Authors: Gassner C. , Ellemunter H. , Zahn R. , Albert E.D. , Blasczyk R. , Schönitzer D. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract:Tissue typing for HLA class II antigens is routinely performed by serological, and/or DNA‐based methods. Accuracy, absence of cross‐reactivity and controllable level of resolution are striking advantages of molecular methods. However, a disadvantage of molecular typing, compared to serological methods, is the identification of unexpressed alleles. Whereas serology allows a more or less direct insight into antigen presence, molecular biology is an indirect method and results must also be interpreted by considering the biological pathways of protein expression. We believe that identification of nonexpressed MHC alleles is of importance for transplantation, since nonexpressed MHC allele positive individuals could give rise to antibody formation against the respective expressed MHC product in donor tissue. Usually, the nonexpressed DRB4*0103102N is encountered in association with DRB1*0701‐DQB1*03032, which facilitates correct DNA typing. Here we describe the unusual association of this unexpressed DRB4*0103102N, with DRB1*0402‐DQB1*0302 in a sample of Austrian patients.
Molecular analysis of HLA‐DRB1, ‐DQA1 and ‐DQB1 polymorphism in Turkey
Authors: Saruhan‐Direskeneli G. , Uyar F.A. , Bakar Ş. , Eraksoy M. 
Published: March 2003

Acknowledgments:This study is supported by a grant (SBAG1529) from TÜBITAK (Turkish Research Council) and the Research Fund of the University of Istanbul.Abstract:We report the evaluation of MHC class II polymorphism in the population of Turkey. HLA‐DRB1, ‐DQA1 and ‐DQB1 have been investigated by polymerase chain reaction and sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probe hybridisations (PCR/SSO) and sequence‐specific priming (SSP) in 250 randomly selected healthy individuals. We also report the allelic distribution of these genes. The most frequent alleles detected were DRB1*1101 (0.104), *0301 (0.092), *0701 (0.090), DQA1*0501 (0.334), *0102 (0.164) and *03 (0.148) and DQB1*0301 (0.256), *02 (0.164), *0302 (0.128). The frequent ‘putative’ three‐locus haplotypes carry the most frequent alleles at these loci. The most frequently detected class II “haplotypes” are DRB1*1101 DQA1*0501 DQB1*0301 (0.100), DRB1*0301 DQA1*0501 DQB1*02 (0.092) and DRB1*0701 DQA1*0201 DQB1*02 (0.072). The distribution of alleles and ‘putative’ haplotypes has shown common features with other Mediterranean populations. The results extend the HLA map to another Mediterranean country and provide a database for further HLA‐disease association studies and transplantation applications.
A new HLA‐A*02 allele, A*0234, detected by polymerase chain reaction using sequence‐specific primers (PCR‐SSP)
Authors: Moses J.H. , Greville W.D. , Downes J. , McClenahan W. , Kennedy A. , Dunckley H. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract:A novel HLA‐A*02 allele, A*0234, was identified in a potential unrelated bone marrow donor typed by polymerase chain reaction using sequence‐specific primers (PCR‐SSP). Positive reactions obtained upon testing with PCR‐SSP did not fit any known combination of alleles indicating the possible presence of a novel allele. Sequencing of clones from this individual revealed the presence of a novel allele, HLA‐A*0234. The sequence of exons 2, 3 and part of exon 4 showed that A*0234 differed from A*02011 by a single nucleotide in exon 2 at position 282 (C to G). The nucleotide substitution results in an amino acid change at residue 70 (Histidine to Glutamine) in the α1 domain ( Note).
Criteria to define HLA haplotype loss in human solid tumors
Authors: Ramal L.M. , Feenstra M. , Van Der Zwan A.‐W. , Collado A. , Lopez‐Nevot M.A. , Tilanus M. , Garrido F. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract:Short tandem repeat (STR) markers are currently used to define loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of genes and chromosomes in tumors. Chromosome 6 and chromosome 15 STR markers are applied to define loss of HLA and related genes (e.g. TAP and β2m). The number of STR identified in the HLA region is still increasing. In this study, seven representative STR markers covering the 6p/6q arms of chromosome 6 including the HLA region and two for chromosome 15 flanking the β2m gene, were selected as minimally required for reliable LOH studies. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy is proposed when small number of cells are available in microdissected tumor samples.
Identification of a novel HLA‐B46 allele, B*4602, in Japanese
Authors: Akesaka T. , Kashiwase K. , Shimamura M. , Ishikawa Y. , Tanaka H. , Fujii M. , Akaza T. , Hando K. , Yuasa S. , Takahashi T. , Juji T. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract:The B*4602 was identified in a healthy Japanese donor. The B46 variant antigen differed serologically from B46. The nucleotide sequence of B*4602 differed from that of B*4601 by a single base (from A to G) at position 293 in exon 2. The substitution changed the amino acid Asp at position 74 to Gly. The gene frequency of B*4602 in the Japanese population is extremely low. The presumed haplotype of B*4602 was HLA‐A2‐Cw1‐B*4602‐DRB1*09. This is the first report of polymorphism of the B46 antigen ( Note).
A new allele, HLA‐B*1555, identified in an African patient awaiting bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Hoddinott M.A. , Cox S.T. , McWhinnie A.J. , Marsh S.G.E. , Ogilvie H. , Madrigal J.A. , Little A.‐M. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract:Human HLA genes exhibit extreme polymorphism, the extent of which is emphasised by the identification of an ever increasing number of new alleles by DNA‐based typing strategies. Here we describe a novel allele, belonging to the HLA‐B*15 group, which was identified in an African patient awaiting a bone marrow transplant. This individual was shown to exhibit two HLA‐B alleles, B*5301 and a new allele which has been named B*1555. B*1555 differs from B*1531 in exon 3 by a single nucleotide substitution. This substitution results in a change in the amino acid residue at position 97, which is located within the β‐pleated sheet region of the HLA molecule ( Note).
The nucleotide sequence of a new DMB allele, DMB*0106
Authors: McTernan C.L. , Mijovic C.H. , Cockram C.S. , Barnett A.H. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract:The HLA‐DM genes (DMA and DMB) are encoded in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on human chromosome 6. They are involved in the loading of antigenic peptide onto class II molecules as part of the class II antigen‐processing and ‐presentation pathway. During a study of Oriental subjects (11 Chinese and 26 Japanese subjects), one Chinese subject was identified as having a new DMB allele using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP). This was confirmed with sequencing. The new allele was found to have Glu (GAG) and Thr (ACT) at positions 144 and 179 respectively. This was a previously unpublished combination of polymorphic sites, and was submitted to GenBank and assigned the accession number AF072680, and named HLA‐DMB*0106 ( Note).
HLA‐B*4012: a new allele with unique serological features
Authors: Elsner H.‐A. , O’Brien B.J. , Bryan C.F. , Meyer J.A. , Diederich D.A. , Pierce G.E. , Lau M. , Terasaki P.I. , Blasczyk R. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract:We have defined the new allele HLA‐B*4012, which had been isolated from a black individual. It was initially recognized as a serologically unique allele when typing her father for renal transplantation. The HLA class I phenotype was A*0201,*6602; B*4001,*4012; Bw6; Cw*0304,*1505. Sequencing from exon 1 through intron 3 of B*4012 was performed. B*4012 is identical to B*4001 and B*4010 in exon 3, and in the 3′ part of exon 2, but it is unique in that exon 1 and the 5′ part of exon 2 are identical to B*1503, B*1509, B*1510, B*1518, B*1523, and B*1529. The generation of this allele is best explained by a recombination event in exon 2 (break point between nucleotides 205 and 222 from the beginning of the coding region) of B*4001 or B*4010 with one of these B*15 variants as a donor allele. Its unique serological feature (B48, B60, B70, and B72 reactivity) is consistent with the sequence data of its donor alleles ( Note).
New HLA‐DRB1* nucleotide sequence of Italian origin: HLA‐DRB1*13022
Authors: Martinetti M. , Pizzochero C. , Asti M. , Salvaneschi L. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract:High‐resolution polymerase chain reaction using sequence‐specific primer typing of the HLA‐DRB1 gene of an Italian patient waiting for unrelated bone marrow transplantation revealed a new allelic variant of HLA‐DRB1*13. Sequencing the exon 2 of DRB1* gene demonstrated a G→C transition at the nucleotide 216 resulting in a silent mutation at codon 72: CGG→CGC. The closest sequence was the HLA‐DRB1*1302 and the new allele was named HLA‐DRB1*13022. This variant was carried by the haplotype HLA‐A*24; Cw*0702; B*39; DRB1*13022; DRB3*0301; DQA1*0102; DQB1*0604 as demonstrated by a family study (
Note).
A new HLA‐DPA1 allele, DPA1*02016, identified in African‐American population
Authors: McDaniel D.O. , Nguyen C. , McDaniel L.S. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract:A new HLA‐DPA1 allele has been found in the African‐American population. This newly discovered type is homologous with the DPA1*02011 allele, except in codon 38 of the DPA1 sequence. The variant of DPA1 was detected by sequence‐specific oligonucleotide (SSO) typing, and specified by cloning and sequencing methods. GenBank accession number is AF165160. The WHO Nomenclature Committee has officially assigned the name DPA1*02016 (
Note).
Homozygous HLA‐G*0105N healthy individuals indicate that membrane‐anchored HLA‐G1 molecule is not necessary for survival
Authors: Castro M.J. , Morales P. , Rojo‐Amigo R. , Martinez‐Laso J. , Allende L. , Varela P. , Garcia‐Berciano M. , Guillen‐Perales J. , Arnaiz‐Villena A. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract:HLA‐G is expected to play an important role during fetal development. Recently, a healthy individual homozygous for the HLA‐G*0105N allele has been described, suggesting that HLA‐G expression was not essential for fetal survival. We now report studies of one family with five healthy siblings homozygous for HLA‐G*0105N, who had been normally delivered; three of these siblings were females who also had normal deliveries. In addition, HLA‐G*0105N cDNA has been fully sequenced, and normal G1 membrane anchored protein cannot be translated since after the codon 130 cytosine deletion (exon 3) a reading frameshift is observed leading to the existence of premature stop codon at position 189 (beginning of exon 4). Other protein isoforms (G2, G3 and G6), all containing the leader peptide and the α1 domain, are possible and their messenger mRNAs were found; any of these may undertake the necessary HLA‐G functions. Our data show that the membrane anchored HLA‐G molecule is not necessary in either mother or fetus for a normal pregnancy and survival. Also, individuals homozygous for HLA‐G*0105N are healthy and with no indications of immunodeficiency or autoimmunity (
Note).
HLA class I polymorphism, as characterised by PCR‐SSOP, in a Brazilian exogamic population
Authors: Braun‐Prado K. , Vieira Mion A.L. , Farah Pereira N. , Culpi L. , Petzl‐Erler M.L. 
Published: March 2003

Acknowledgments:This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and FUNPAR‐PRPPG/UFPR. We thank the Human Molecular Genetics Working Group, University of Paraná, for comments.Abstract:HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐C genes were analysed in the population living in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, the main city of Paraná State, southern Brazil, to provide data for studies and applications in HLA‐related fields, and to contribute to the understanding of human microevolution. Heterozygosity is high (95–99%) for all three loci. Frequencies for most alleles and haplotypes of sub‐Saharan African and of European ancestry presented a clear gradient between the White, Mulatto and Black sub‐populations. Among Whites, the four most common haplotypes were A*01‐Cw*07‐B*0801, A*02‐Cw*07‐B*07, A*11‐Cw*0401‐B*35 and A*03‐Cw*0401‐B*35. Their frequencies ranged from 5.6% to 3.0%. In the Mulatto sub‐population, six haplotypes presented very similar frequencies, close to 2.0–2.4%: A*02‐Cw*03‐B*15, A*02‐Cw*0401‐B*35, A*02‐Cw*07‐B*07, A*03‐Cw*0401‐B*35, A*30‐Cw*17‐B*4201, A*68‐Cw*03‐B*15. Haplotype A*30‐Cw*17‐B*4201 was found to be very common (6.6%) in the Black sub‐population. Admixture estimate revealed the relative contributions of Europeans, sub‐Saharan Africans and Amerindians to this populations which were, respectively, 94%, 3% and 3% for the White sub‐population, 57%, 39% and 4% for the Mulatto sub‐population, and 25%, 74% and 1% for the Black sub‐population.
The Chemical Shift Index method applied to resin‐bound peptides
Authors: Fruchart J.‐S. , Lippens G. , Warrass R. , Seetharaman C. , Dhalluin C. , Boutillon C. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: The Chemical Shift Index (CSI) method proposed by Wishart et al. [Biochemistry (1992) 31, 1647–1651] to evaluate the secondary structure of peptides in aqueous solution uses as its reference the chemical shift values of each of the 20 natural amino acids (X) in a typical nonstructured sequence GGXAGG (17–20). In order to apply the CSI method to protected resin‐bound peptides, we established a new database of chemical shift values for the same GGXAGG sequences in their protected form and anchored to a polystyrene resin swollen in DMF‐d7. The predictive value of this new reference set in the CSI protocol was tested on different resin‐bound peptides that were previously characterized by a full NOE analysis.