bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol intake in relation to body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio: the importance of type of alcoholic beverage
Authors: Lukasiewicz Esther , Mennen Louise I , Bertrais Sandrine , Arnault Nathalie , Preziosi Paul , Galan Pilar , Hercberg Serge 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectiveAlcohol consumption may play a role in the development of obesity but the relationship between alcohol and weight is still unclear. The aim of our study was to assess the cross-sectional association of intakes of total alcohol and of specific alcoholic beverages (wine, beer and spirits) with waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) in a large sample of adults from all over France.DesignCross-sectional.SettingParticipants were free-living healthy volunteers of the SU.VI.MAX study (an intervention study on the effects of antioxidant supplementation on chronic diseases).SubjectsFor 1481 women aged 35–60 years and 1210 men aged 45–60 years, intakes of total alcohol and specific alcoholic beverages were assessed by six 24-hour dietary records. BMI and WHR were measured during a clinical examination the year after.ResultsA J-shaped relationship was found between total alcohol consumption and WHR in both sexes and between total alcohol consumption and BMI in men only (P< 0.05). The same relationships were observed with wine (P< 0.05); men and women consuming less than 100 g day−1had a lower BMI (men only) and WHR than non-drinkers or those consuming more. Spirits consumption was positively associated with BMI (linear regression coefficient β = 0.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09–0.34 and β = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.06–0.39 for men and women, respectively) and WHR (β = 0.003, 95% CI: 0.001–0.005 and β = 0.003, 95%CI: 0.0002–0.006) in both sexes in a linear fashion. No relationship between beer consumption and BMI or WHR was found.ConclusionIf confirmed in longitudinal studies, our results indicate that consumption of alcoholic beverages may be a risk factor for obesity.
Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of colorectal cancer in Japan: The Miyagi Cohort Study
Authors: Sato Yuki , Tsubono Yoshitaka , Nakaya Naoki , Ogawa Keiko , Kurashima Kayoko , Kuriyama Shinichi , Hozawa Atsushi , Nishino Yoshikazu , Shibuya Daisuke , Tsuji Ichiro 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectiveAdequate fruit and vegetable intake has been suggested to protect against colorectal cancer. However, several recent prospective studies have reported no association. We therefore examined the association between fruit and vegetable intakes and the risk of colorectal cancer in a prospective cohort study in Japan.DesignBetween June and August 1990, 47 605 Japanese men and women completed a self-administered questionnaire, including a food-frequency questionnaire. We divided the subjects into quartiles based on their self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption. There were 165 colon cancer and 110 rectal cancer incidences identified during 7 years of follow-up, to the end of December 1997. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the relative risk (RR) of developing colorectal cancer according to the level of fruit and vegetable consumption, applying adjustments for potential confounders.ResultsNo statistically significant association was observed between fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of colorectal cancer. The multivariate RR of colon cancer in the highest quartile of fruit and vegetable intake compared with the lowest was 1.13 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73–1.75), the RR for vegetables alone was 1.24 (95% CI 0.79–1.95) and that for fruit alone was 1.45 (95% CI 0.85–2.47). The corresponding multivariate RRs for rectal cancer were 1.12 (95% CI 0.67–1.89), 1.14 (95% CI 0.67–1.93) and 1.41 (95% CI 0.73–2.73).ConclusionsWe found no association between the consumption of fruit and vegetables and the risk of colorectal cancer among the Japanese population.
A qualitative study exploring socio-economic differences in parental lay knowledge of food and health: implications for public health nutrition
Authors: Coveney John 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe role played by lay knowledge in understanding health inequalities has received increased interest recently. Very little is known, however, about how lay knowledge of food and health varies across social class. The present exploratory study compared and contrasted ways in which people from different social backgrounds draw on and use different forms of lay knowledge about food and health.MethodParents from 40 families were recruited from two socio-economically different suburbs (20 families from each suburb). In-depth interviews were conducted with the mother and father in each family to examine lay knowledge about food and health. All interviews were transcribed and coded for specific themes. Responses from each suburb were compared and contrasted.ResultsDifferent forms of lay knowledge about food and health were noted, especially concerning children's eating habits. Parents in the high-income suburb were more likely to discuss food and health in technical terms informed by contemporary nutritional or medical priorities. Parents in the low-income suburb did not share this discourse, but instead were more likely to discuss food in terms related to children's outward appearance or functional capacity.Conclusions and implicationsThe research highlights differences in lay knowledge about food and health across social class. It emphasises the need for public health nutrition policy-makers and practitioners to pay attention to lay knowledge on its own terms, rather than attempting to educate from predetermined assumptions, principles and standards.
Folic acid supplementation and social deprivation
Authors: Relton Caroline L , Hammal Donna M , Rankin Judith , Parker Louise 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the use of folic acid supplementation in relation to small-area measures of social deprivation.DesignCohort study.SettingAntenatal clinic, Women's Outpatients Services, Cumberland Infirmary, Carlisle, UK.SubjectsFour hundred and fifty women attending their 18-week antenatal clinic appointment. No selection criteria were applied. Townsend scores were allocated using postcodes to provide a small-area measure (enumeration district) of social deprivation.ResultsEighty-nine per cent of women took folic acid prior to their 18-week antenatal clinic appointment; 48% of women took folic acid before 4 weeks of gestation. Younger women and more socially deprived women were less likely to use folic acid supplements before 4 weeks of gestation. Women with a family history of neural tube defects were no more likely to take folic acid than were women with no family history of neural tube defects.ConclusionA high proportion of women reported taking folic acid supplements during pregnancy but less than half took them at the most important time in early pregnancy. Younger women and women who were more socio-economically deprived were much less likely to take folic acid during the critical periconceptional period. Future strategies should promote prenatal folic acid supplementation in women under the age of 24 and in women of low socio-economic status. Further attention should also be given to the use of folic acid supplements in women with a family history of neural tube defects.
Impact of disaggregation of composite foods on estimates of intakes of meat and meat products in Irish adults
Authors: Cosgrove Meadhbh , Flynn Albert , Kiely Máiréad 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of the disaggregation of composite foods on intake estimates of meat and individual meat categories and on the contribution of meat to nutrient intakes in Irish adults.DesignData were analysed from the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey, which used a 7-day food diary to estimate food intake. Of 742 food codes that contained meat, 320 were codes for meat consumed as an individual portion and 422 were composite foods and were disaggregated to estimate the meat content.SubjectsA nationally representative sample of 475 men and 483 women (not pregnant or lactating) from the Republic of Ireland aged 18–64 years.ResultsThe mean intake of meat was 134 g day−1in consumers (98.5%) and men (168 g day−1) consumed significantly more (P< 0.001) than women (102 g day−1). Mean intakes of meat were higher in subjects with manual skilled occupations (P< 0.01) and lower in those with third-level educational qualifications (P< 0.05). Without disaggregating meat from composite foods, meat intake was overestimated by 43% (57 g day−1) and varied widely by meat category. Meat disaggregated from composite foods contributed 25% of meat intake. The contribution meat made to nutrient intakes ranged from 29% for protein, vitamin B12, zinc and niacin to 20% for vitamin D, 16% for vitamin B6, 15% for thiamine and 14% for iron.ConclusionsFailure to disaggregat meat from composite foods substantially overestimates meat intake, with a large variation between meat categories. This has important implications for estimates of meat intakes in nutritional epidemiological studies and for food safety purposes.
Does the diet of the Balearic population, a Mediterranean-type diet, ensure compliance with nutritional objectives for the Spanish population?
Authors: Tur Josep A , Romaguera Dora , Pons Antoni 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the dietary habits of Balearic Islands' consumers who are successful in meeting current nutritional recommendations, to find clues for the development of future food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) that would be relevant to this population.DesignCross-sectional nutritional survey carried out in the Balearic Islands between 1999 and 2000.Subjects and methodsDietary habits were assessed by means of 24-hour recall (two non-consecutive days: warm and cold season) and a food-frequency questionnaire in a random sample (n = 1200, aged 16–65 years) living in private households. Differences in percentage of compliers with the intermediate nutritional objectives for the Spanish population and differences in food consumption patterns between genders and between high (above the upper quartile of intake) and low (below the lower quartile of intake) consumers of fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), fibre, and fruit and vegetables were analysed.ResultsGender differences were observed in nutrient and energy intakes, as well as in attainment of the recommendations. Less than 25% of the population reached the intermediate nutritional recommendations for iodine, fruit, carbohydrates, SFA, fibre and vegetables. Low fat/SFA and high fruit and vegetables/fibre consumers kept a diet in line with the traditional Balearic diet and prevailing dietary pyramids, which ensured better compliance with the nutritional goals.ConclusionsThe intermediate nutritional objectives for the Spanish population could be achieved through maintenance of the traditional Balearic diet, a Mediterranean-type diet in the Balearic population. Therefore, this dietary model could be used to develop FBDG relevant to this population.
The temporal pattern of the contribution of fat to energy and of food groups to fat at various eating locations: implications for developing food-based dietary guidelines
Authors: O'Dwyer NA , McCarthy SN , Burke SJ , Gibney MJ 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the temporal pattern of the number of eating occasions that occurred at home, at work and outside the home, and to examine the contribution of fat to energy and the contribution of 26 food groups to fat at home and outside the home.Design and settingFood intake data were collected using a 7-day food diary from a random sample of 18–64-year-old adults from the Republic of Ireland (n= 958). Respondents recorded the day, time and location of every eating occasion.ResultsThe number of eating occasions was constant across the days of the week for meals consumed at home, whereas the number of eating occasions increased at weekends for meals outside the home. The contribution of fat to energy approximated the 35% recommendation at home from Monday to Friday, but increased above this on Saturday and Sunday. The contribution of fat to energy outside the home was always above the recommendation. The food groups that contributed most to fat were similar at home and outside the home. These included butter and full-fat spreads, fresh meat, meat products, meat dishes, biscuits, cakes and pastries, whole milk, and chips and processed potatoes.ConclusionThe contribution of fat to energy was above the recommendations when eating outside the home, regardless of day of the week. A number of food groups have been identified that contributed most to fat intake outside the home and these might be targeted in developing public health nutrition strategies to reduce fat intake.
The influence of eating location on nutrient intakes in Irish adults: implications for developing food-based dietary guidelines
Authors: O'Dwyer NA , Gibney MJ , Burke SJ , McCarthy SN 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the contribution of the food service sector to the nutrient quality of the Irish diet, and to compare intakes at home, work and outside the home (‘ut’) and within the subgroups of the out location (pub, deli, takeaway)Design and settingRandom sample of adults from the Republic of Ireland. Food intake data were collected using a 7-day food diary. Respondents recorded the location of every eating occasion determined by where the food was prepared rather than consumedResultsIntakes of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate were significantly greater at home than at work or out (P<0.05). The intake of alcohol was significantly (P<0.001) greater out than at home or work. The percentage contribution of fat to energy was above the recommendations (33% of total energy and 35% of food energy) for both men and women at all locations, with the exception of the contribution of fat to total energy for men at the out location. Within the subgroups of the out location, the contribution of alcohol to total energy was greatest in pubs and the contribution of fat to both total and food energy was greatest in takeaways. Intakes of fibre and most micronutrients per 10 MJ of food energy were greater (P<0.05) at home than at work or outConclusionFoods eaten outside the home contribute a disproportionately high level of fat intake and should be targeted in public health nutrition strategies
Computational cluster validation in post-genomic data analysis
Authors: Handl Julia , Knowles Joshua , Kell Douglas B. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMotivationThe discovery of novel biological knowledge from the ab initio analysis of post-genomic data relies upon the use of unsupervised processing methods, in particular clustering techniques. Much recent research in bioinformatics has therefore been focused on the transfer of clustering methods introduced in other scientific fields and on the development of novel algorithms specifically designed to tackle the challenges posed by post-genomic data. The partitions returned by a clustering algorithm are commonly validated using visual inspection and concordance with prior biological knowledge—whether the clusters actually correspond to the real structure in the data is somewhat less frequently considered. Suitable computational cluster validation techniques are available in the general data-mining literature, but have been given only a fraction of the same attention in bioinformatics.ResultsThis review paper aims to familiarize the reader with the battery of techniques available for the validation of clustering results, with a particular focus on their application to post-genomic data analysis. Synthetic and real biological datasets are used to demonstrate the benefits, and also some of the perils, of analytical cluster validation.Availability:The software used in the experiments is available at http://dbkgroup.org/handl/clustervalidation/ContactJ.Handl@postgrad.manchester.ac.ukSupplementary information:Enlarged colour plots are provided in the Supplementary Material, which is available at http://dbkgroup.org/handl/clustervalidation/
A planar plastic flow theory of orthotropic sheet metals and the experimental procedure for its evaluations
Authors: Tong Wei 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
An anisotropic plasticity theory is formulated for describing planar flow behaviours of orthotropic polycrystalline sheet metals. Flow rules are derived for both the macroscopic plastic rate of deformation tensor and the macroscopic plastic spin tensor by considering a small set of activated macroscopic slips or shearing modes in a sheet metal. An internal state variable other than the effective plastic strain or equivalent plastic work is introduced to define the isotropic hardening state of the sheet metal so that effects of anisotropy of a sheet metal on its isotropic hardening behaviour can be better taken into account. The theory requires a total of five anisotropic material functions of a loading orientation angle, an effective rate-dependent stress–strain curve and a stress exponent to describe the planar anisotropic plastic flow behaviour of the sheet metal. The five anisotropic material functions are specified based on the orthotropic symmetry of the sheet metal and each of them may be expressed as a Fourier sine or cosine series. The experimental strategy and procedure for direct determination of the material constants in the theory by simple mechanical tests are discussed in great details. In particular, a special case of the proposed flow rules of macroscopic plastic rate of deformation tensor and macroscopic plastic spin is considered and it is found that it can describe satisfactorily the experimental data on both the directional dependence of plastic strain ratio and yield stress as well as the rotation of the material symmetry axes of an orthotropic steel sheet subjected to off-axis uniaxial tension.
Viability of cotton and canola pollen on the proboscis of Helicoverpa armigera: implications for spread of transgenes and pollination ecology
Authors: Richards Jessica S. , Stanley John N. , Gregg Peter C. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract.  1. Pollen can be transported thousands of kilometres by insects but its viability after long‐distance transport is not known. Knowing the potential for this mechanism to cause outcrossing of transgenes from genetically modified (GM) plants is important for risk assessments.2. The viability of pollen from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and canola (Brassica napus L.) was determined after placing it on the proboscis of Helicoverpa armigera moths for intervals of up to 32 h. Viability of both cotton and canola pollen declined at a much greater rate when in contact with the moth proboscis. Most was non‐viable by 8 h compared with 16 h for control cotton pollen or 32 h for canola pollen.3. There was no significant difference in the rate of decline of pollen viability between the five conventional cotton varieties, or between these and the one GM cotton variety used in these experiments.4. The number of canola pollen grains remaining on the proboscis declined over time. Very few cotton pollen grains were retained on the proboscis.5. The reduction in pollen viability during contact with the proboscis might indicate partial ingestion of the pollen via the proboscis.6. The points above suggest that pollen is unlikely to remain attached or remain viable when carried over large distances by H. armigera. The implications for spread of pollen from transgenic plants and for pollination ecology in general are discussed.
Effects of agricultural change on abundance, fitness components and distribution of two arctic‐nesting goose populations
Authors: Fox A. D. , Madsen J. , Boyd H. , Kuijken E. , Norriss D. W. , Tombre I. M. , Stroud D. A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIntensification of agriculture since the 1950s has enhanced the availability, competitive ability, crude protein content, digestibility and extended growing seasons of forage grasses. Spilled cereal grain also provides a rich food source in autumn and in winter. Long‐distance migratory herbivorous geese have rapidly exploited these feeding opportunities and most species have shown expansions in range and population size in the last 50 years. Results of long‐term studies are presented from two Arctic‐breeding populations, the Svalbard pink‐footed goose and the Greenland white‐fronted goose (GWFG). GWFGs have shown major habitat shifts since the 1950s from winter use of plant storage organs in natural wetlands to feeding on intensively managed farmland. Declines in local density on, and abandonment of, unmodified traditional wintering habitat and increased reproductive success among those birds wintering on farmland suggest that density‐dependent processes were not the cause of the shift in this winter‐site‐faithful population. Based on enhanced nutrient and energy intake rates, we argue that observed shifts in both species from traditionally used natural habitats to intensively managed farmland on spring staging and wintering areas have not necessarily been the result of habitat destruction. Increased food intake rates and potential demographic benefits resulting from shifts to highly profitable foraging opportunities on increasingly intensively managed farmland, more likely explain increases in goose numbers in these populations. The geographically exploratory behaviour of subdominant individuals enables the discovery and exploitation of new winter feeding opportunities and hence range expansion. Recent destruction of traditional habitats and declines in farming at northern latitudes present fresh challenges to the well being of both populations. More urgently, Canada geese colonizing breeding and moulting habitats of white‐fronted geese in Greenland are further affecting their reproductive output.
How uncertainties in future climate change predictions translate into future terrestrial carbon fluxes
Authors: Berthelot Marie , Friedlingstein Pierre , Ciais Philippe , Dufresne Jean‐Louis , Monfray Patrick 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe forced a global terrestrial carbon cycle model by climate fields of 14 ocean and atmosphere general circulation models (OAGCMs) to simulate the response of terrestrial carbon pools and fluxes to climate change over the next century. These models participated in the second phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP2), where a 1% per year increase of atmospheric CO2was prescribed. We obtain a reduction in net land uptake because of climate change ranging between 1.4 and 5.7 Gt C yr−1at the time of atmospheric CO2doubling. Such a reduction in terrestrial carbon sinks is largely dominated by the response of tropical ecosystems, where soil water stress occurs. The uncertainty in the simulated land carbon cycle response is the consequence of discrepancies in land temperature and precipitation changes simulated by the OAGCMs. We use a statistical approach to assess the coherence of the land carbon fluxes response to climate change. The biospheric carbon fluxes and pools changes have a coherent response in the tropics, in the Mediterranean region and in high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. This is because of a good coherence of soil water content change in the first two regions and of temperature change in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.Then we evaluate the carbon uptake uncertainties to the assumptions on plant productivity sensitivity to atmospheric CO2and on decomposition rate sensitivity to temperature. We show that these uncertainties are on the same order of magnitude than the uncertainty because of climate change. Finally, we find that the OAGCMs having the largest climate sensitivities to CO2are the ones with the largest soil drying in the tropics, and therefore with the largest reduction of carbon uptake.