bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scar architecture affects the electrophysiological characteristics of induced ventricular arrhythmias in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Francia Pietro , Falasconi Giulio , Penela Diego , Viveros Daniel , Alderete José , Saglietto Andrea , Bellido Aldo Francisco , Martí-Almor Julio , Franco-Ocaña Paula , Soto-Iglesias David , Zaraket Fatima , Turturiello Dario , Berruezo Antonio 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
Late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR) detects myocardial scarring, a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The LGE-CMR distinguishes core, borderzone (BZ) fibrosis, and BZ channels, crucial components of re-entry circuits. We studied how scar architecture affects inducibility and electrophysiological traits of VA in HCM.

Methods and results
We correlated scar composition with programmed ventricular stimulation-inducible VA features using LGE intensity maps. Thirty consecutive patients were enrolled. Thirteen (43%) were non-inducible, 6 (20%) had inducible non-sustained, and 11 (37%) had inducible sustained mono (MMVT)- or polymorphic VT/VF (PVT/VF). Of 17 induced VA, 13 (76%) were MMVT that either ended spontaneously, persisted as sustained monomorphic, or degenerated into PVT/VF. Twenty-seven patients (90%) had LGE. Of these, 17 (57%) had non-sustained or sustained inducible VA. Scar mass significantly increased (P = 0.002) from non-inducible to inducible non-sustained and sustained VA patients in both the BZ and core components. Borderzone channels were found in 23%, 67%, and 91% of non-inducible, inducible non-sustained, and inducible sustained VA patients (P = 0.003). All 13 patients induced with MMVT or monomorphic-initiated PVT/VF had LGE. The origin of 10/13 of these VTs matched scar location, with 8/10 of these LGE regions showing BZ channels. During follow-up (20 months, interquartile range: 7–37), one patient with BZ channels and inducible PVT had an ICD shock for VF.

Conclusion
Scar architecture determines inducibility and electrophysiological traits of VA in HCM. Larger studies should explore the role of complex LGE patterns in refining risk assessment in HCM patients.
Duration of residence and offspring birth weight among foreign-born mothers in Spain: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dello Iacono Chiara , Juárez Sol P , Stanek Mikolaj 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Duration of residence has been used to monitor changes in the health of a foreign-born population in a destination country. This study assesses whether the mother’s duration of residence influences the relationship between maternal origin and birth weight.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study using Spanish census microdata (2011) linked to Vital Statistics (2011–15). Linear and multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate birth weight differences between children born to foreign-born mothers by duration of residence and those born to natives. Maternal countries of origin were classified according to the Human Development Index (HDI).

Results
Our findings revealed significant differences in birth weight of 109 683 births from both foreign- and native-born mothers. Overall, in descriptive statistics, compared with Spanish mothers, foreign-born mothers gave birth more frequently to high-birth weight (HBW) newborns (8.4% vs. 5.3%, respectively) and less frequently to low-birth weight (LBW) newborns (4.8% vs. 5.1%). According to the model’s estimations, the risk of giving birth to HBW babies remains relatively high in foreign-born mothers. Especially, mothers from very high-HDI countries experienced changes in the RRR of HBW (1.59–1.28) and LBW (0.58–0.89) after spending over 10 years in Spain.

Conclusions
Foreign-born mothers residing in Spain are at increased risk of delivering a HBW child regardless of their duration of residence. In fact, given the long-term health consequences associated with HBW, our results highlight the need to improve prenatal care in the foreign-born population.
The missing fraction problem as an episodes of selection problem
Authors: Mittell Elizabeth A , Morrissey Michael B 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In evolutionary quantitative genetics, the missing fraction problem refers to a specific kind of bias in parameters estimated later in life that occurs when nonrandom subsets of phenotypes are missing from the population due to prior viability selection on correlated traits. The missing fraction problem thus arises when the following hold: (a) viability selection and (b) correlation between later-life traits and traits important for early-life survival. Although it is plausible that these conditions are widespread in wild populations, this problem has received little empirical attention. This may be natural: the problem could appear intractable, given that it is impossible to measure phenotypes of individuals that have previously died. However, it is not impossible to correctly measure lifetime selection, or correctly predict evolutionary trajectories, of later-life traits in the presence of the missing fraction. Two basic strategies are available. First, given phenotypic data on selected early life traits, well established but underused episodes of selection theory can yield correct values of evolutionary parameters throughout life. Second, when traits subjected to early-life viability selection are not known and/or measured, it is possible to use the genetic association of later-life traits with early-life viability to correctly infer important information about the consequences of prior viability selection for later-life traits. By carefully reviewing the basic nature of the missing fraction problem, and describing the tractable solutions to the problem, we hope that future studies will be able to be better designed to cope with the (likely pervasive) consequences of early-life viability selection.
From individual leaves to forest stands: importance of niche, distance decay, and stochasticity vary by ecosystem type and functional group for fungal community composition
Authors: Gacura Matthew D , Zak Donald R , Blackwood Christopher B 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Community assembly is influenced by environmental niche processes as well as stochastic processes that can be spatially dependent (e.g. dispersal limitation) or independent (e.g. priority effects). Here, we sampled senesced tree leaves as unit habitats to investigate fungal community assembly at two spatial scales: (i) small neighborhoods of overlapping leaves from differing tree species and (ii) forest stands of differing ecosystem types. Among forest stands, ecosystem type explained the most variation in community composition. Among adjacent leaves within stands, variability in fungal composition was surprisingly high. Leaf type was more important in stands with high soil fertility and dominated by differing tree mycorrhizal types (sugar maple vs. basswood or red oak), whereas distance decay was more important in oak-dominated forest stands with low soil fertility. Abundance of functional groups was explained by environmental factors, but predictors of taxonomic composition within differing functional groups were highly variable. These results suggest that fungal community assembly processes are clearest for functional group abundances and large spatial scales. Understanding fungal community assembly at smaller spatial scales will benefit from further study focusing on differences in drivers for different ecosystems and functional groups, as well as the importance of spatially independent factors such as priority effects.
Depression, Vascular Burden, and Dementia Prevalence in Late Middle-Aged and Older Black Adults
Authors: Levy Shellie-Anne , Misiura Maria B , Grant Jeremy G , Adrien Tamare V , Taiwo Zinat , Armstrong Rebecca , Dotson Vonetta M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Late-life depression and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) have been linked to increased dementia risk. However, there is a dearth of literature examining these relationships in Black adults. We investigated whether depression or WMH volume are associated with a higher likelihood of dementia diagnosis in a sample of late middle-aged to older Black adults, and whether dementia prevalence is highest in individuals with both depression and higher WMH volume.

Methods
Secondary data analysis involved 443 Black participants aged 55+ with brain imaging within 1 year of baseline visit in the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set. Chi-square analyses and logistic regression models controlling for demographic variables examined whether active depression in the past 2 years, WMH volume, or their combination were associated with higher odds of all-cause dementia.

Results
Depression and higher WMH volume were associated with a higher prevalence of dementia. These associations remained after controlling for demographic factors, as well as vascular disease burden. Dementia risk was highest in the depression/high WMH volume group compared to the depression-only group, high WMH volume-only group, and the no depression/low WMH volume group. Post hoc analyses comparing the Black sample to a demographically matched non-Hispanic White sample showed associations of depression and the combination of depression and higher WMH burden with dementia were greater in Black compared to non-Hispanic White individuals.

Discussion
Results suggest late-life depression and WMH have independent and joint relationships with dementia and that Black individuals may be particularly at risk due to these factors.
Loneliness Trajectories Predict Risks of Cardiovascular Diseases in Chinese Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Huang Yan , Zhu Xinyi , Liu Xiaomei , Li Juan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Loneliness is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but related evidence is mixed. Examining trajectories of loneliness over time, as compared to the assessment of loneliness at a single time point, can be useful to better understand the risks for CVD. The present study aimed to examine loneliness trajectories and their impacts on CVD in Chinese middle-aged and older adults.

Methods
The sample included 9,235 adults aged 45 years and older from 4 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey from 2011 to 2018. Loneliness was assessed by a single-item question with a 4-point scale. CVD events were measured by self-reports of heart diseases and strokes in 2018.

Results
Group-based trajectory modeling showed that 3 loneliness trajectories emerged: stable low, moderate increasing, and high increasing loneliness. Binary logistic regression showed that loneliness trajectories were significantly associated with the risk of having CVD after controlling for all covariates. Specifically, compared to the group with stable low loneliness, people with moderate increasing loneliness had a higher risk of having stroke, and people with high increasing loneliness had higher risks of having both heart diseases and stroke. In contrast, loneliness at a single time point was not independently associated with the risk of having CVD.

Discussion
The present study identified groups of people vulnerable to CVD from the perspective of social connections in terms of loneliness trajectories. Middle-aged and older adults showing increasing loneliness may need social and emotional support to protect their cardiovascular health.
EAGS: efficient and adaptive Gaussian smoothing applied to high-resolved spatial transcriptomics
Authors: Lv Tongxuan , Zhang Ying , Li Mei , Kang Qiang , Fang Shuangsang , Zhang Yong , Brix Susanne , Xu Xun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The emergence of high-resolved spatial transcriptomics (ST) has facilitated the research of novel methods to investigate biological development, organism growth, and other complex biological processes. However, high-resolved and whole transcriptomics ST datasets require customized imputation methods to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the data quality.

Findings
We propose an efficient and adaptive Gaussian smoothing (EAGS) imputation method for high-resolved ST. The adaptive 2-factor smoothing of EAGS creates patterns based on the spatial and expression information of the cells, creates adaptive weights for the smoothing of cells in the same pattern, and then utilizes the weights to restore the gene expression profiles. We assessed the performance and efficiency of EAGS using simulated and high-resolved ST datasets of mouse brain and olfactory bulb.

Conclusions
Compared with other competitive methods, EAGS shows higher clustering accuracy, better biological interpretations, and significantly reduced computational consumption.
Characterization of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistance to indoxacarb: inheritance mode, realized heritability, and fitness costs
Authors: Mokbel El-Sayed M S , Moustafa Moataz A M , Alfuhaid Nawal Abdulaziz , Fouad Eman A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a major economic pest attacking a variety of crops in Egypt and other Mediterranean countries. S. littoralis has developed resistance to both traditional and novel insecticides. The current study investigated S. littoralis resistance to indoxacarb regarding inheritance mode, realized heritability (h2), and fitness costs. An indoxacarb-resistant strain (Indoxa-SEL) was obtained by selecting a field strain with indoxacarb. Indoxa-SEL strain outperformed the susceptible one (Indoxa-S) by 29.77-fold after 16 consecutive generations of selection. Based on the LC50 values of the progenies of reciprocal crosses F1 (R♂ × S♀) and F1ʹ (R♀ × S♂), S. littoralis resistance to indoxacarb was found to be autosomal and partially recessive. Chi-square tests for goodness-of-fit between observed and expected mortalities of self-bred F1 and resistant strain reciprocal crosses revealed that the resistance was controlled by multiple genes. The resistant strain had a relative fitness of 0.80, with significantly increased total preovipositional period of females, egg, larvae, pupae, preadult, adult, and total longevity period. The estimated realized heritability value in the Indoxa-SEL strain was 0.21. The current study will contribute to sustaining indoxacarb efficacy and designing effective resistance management programs against S. littoralis.
Summer habitat for the female Tricolored Bat (Perimyotis subflavus) in Tennessee, United States
Authors: Cable Ashleigh B , Willcox Emma V 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Tricolored Bat is an imperiled species due to white-nose syndrome. There is limited information available on roosting and foraging area use of the species to support planning and management efforts to benefit recovery in the Southeastern United States. Female tricolored bats exit hibernation and allocate energy toward disease recovery, migration, and reproduction. Providing and managing for summer habitat is 1 strategy to promote recovery. We sought to: (1) determine local- and landscape-scale factors that influence female Tricolored Bat roost selection; (2) quantify land cover use in core and overall foraging areas; and (3) define foraging area size and distances traveled by female tricolored bats in Tennessee. Bats in this study roosted in trees of variable sizes, in multiple tree species with large canopy volumes, and almost always roosted in trees with dead leaf foliage suspended in the canopy. Forest plots used by bats had trees averaging 30 cm diameter at breast height, basal areas averaging 27 m2/ha, contained multiple tree species, and comprised around a 50:50 ratio of canopy and subcanopy trees. Bats did not roost in coniferous forest areas and were only located in deciduous and mixed forest areas. Bats foraged near and directly over water, in open areas, and along forest edges. This study increases our knowledge on habitat requirements of the species in a temperate region dominated by unfragmented forests and many large water bodies and serves a baseline for management and efforts to benefit survival, reproduction, and population recovery.
Increasing diversity in clinical trials: demographic trends at the National Cancer Institute, 2005-2020
Authors: Choradia Nirmal , Karzai Fatima , Nipp Ryan , Naqash Abdul Rafeh , Gulley James L , Floudas Charalampos S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
We described participant demographics for National Cancer Institute (NCI) clinical trials at the clinical center (NCI-CC participants) of the National Institutes of Health to identify enrollment disparities.

Methods
We analyzed NCI-CC data from 2005 to 2020, calculated enrollment fractions, compared with the US cancer population represented by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer incidence data (2018) and the Cancer in North America database (2018), and compared further with clinical trial disparities data from the NCI Community Oncology Research Program and National Clinical Trials Network (2005-2019), and from ClinicalTrials.gov (2003-2016).

Results
NCI-CC (38 531 participants) had higher enrollment fractions for older adults (8.5%), male (5.6%), non-Hispanic (5.1%), and Black or African American (5.3%) participants; lower women proportion across race and ethnicity; and fewer female sex-specific cancer (6.8%) than male sex-specific cancer (11.7%) participants. NCI-CC had lower median age than Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (54.0 vs 65.4); more Black or African American participants (12.0% vs 11.1%); and fewer women (41.7% vs 49.5%), White (76.1% vs 80.5%), Asian or Pacific Islander (4.6% vs 6.0%), American Indian or Alaska Native (0.3% vs 0.5%), and Hispanic participants (7.1% vs 13%). NCI-CC had more Black or African American and Asian or Pacific Islander participants; fewer Hispanic participants than the NCI Community Oncology Research Program and National Clinical Trials Network; more Black or African American and Hispanic participants; fewer Asian or Pacific Islander participants than ClinicalTrials.gov data. Improvement was noted for NCI-CC (older adults, Black or African American, Asian or Pacific Islander, Hispanic participants).

Conclusion
We found lower representation of older adults, women, Asian or Pacific Islander, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Hispanic participants vs the US cancer population and higher representation of Black or African American vs US cancer population and oncology clinical trials. Multifaceted efforts are underway to reduce disparities in cancer clinical trials at the NCI-CC.
A ‘traumatic’ mechanical small bowel obstruction after blunt pelvic trauma
Authors: Kecman Sarah , Schindera Sebastian , Hartel Mark , Gräfitsch Alexander 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Traumatic abdominal wall hernia (TAWH) is a rare form of herniation caused by blunt trauma that can lead to intestinal obstruction. This report details a rare case of delayed mechanical ileus resulting from TAWH due to an acetabular fracture. The patient was successfully treated with laparoscopic closure of the peritoneal orifice, followed by orthopaedic repair of the fracture. The presented scenario underlines the importance of timely diagnosis and interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing complex TAWH cases.
Irenaeus’ Theology in Second-Century Platonism and Christianity
Authors: McCashen Grayden 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
As scholars have come to appreciate Irenaeus’ use of philosophy, emphasis has fallen on his use of pre-Socratic traditions. This emphasis stands in stark contrast to the typical emphasis scholars place on Platonic themes in second-century Christian theologies. This article argues that Platonic resources, the definition of God as simple and incomposite, the Platonic viae, and reasoning from ‘oneness’ to ‘unlimitedness’, play a key role in Irenaeus’ theology, governing his interpretation of pre-Socratic materials, including Irenaeus’ version of the well-known Xenophanes quotation (fr. 24) and materials Irenaeus apparently draws from Pseudo-Aristotle’s On Melissus, Xenophanes, and Gorgias. Irenaeus, furthermore, draws a logical connection between God’s simplicity and the doctrine that there is one God to the exclusion of others, as he says, thereby pressing Platonic doctrine into the service of his distinctly Christian theological convictions. The upshot of all this is a deeper appreciation first for the sophistication of Irenaeus’ own theology, and second for Irenaeus’ role in engaging and advancing Christian philosophical theology.
Cool Gaseous Exoplanets: surveying the new frontier with Twinkle
Authors: Booth Luke , Sarkar Subhajit , Griffin Matt , Edwards Billy 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Cool gaseous exoplanets (1.75 R⊕ &lt; Rp &lt; 3 RJ, 200 K &lt;Teq &lt; 1000 K) are an as-yet understudied population, with great potential to expand our understanding of planetary atmospheres and formation mechanisms. In this paper, we outline the basis for a homogeneous survey of cool gaseous planets with Twinkle, a 0.45-m diameter space telescope with simultaneous spectral coverage from 0.5–4.5 μm, set to launch in 2025. We find that Twinkle has the potential to characterise the atmospheres of 36 known cool gaseous exoplanets (11 sub-Neptunian, 11 Neptunian, 14 Jovian) at an SNR ≥ 5 during its 3-yr primary mission, with the capability of detecting most major molecules predicted by equilibrium chemistry to &gt;5σ significance. We find that an injected mass–metallicity trend is well recovered, demonstrating Twinkle’s ability to elucidate this fundamental relationship into the cool regime. We also find that Twinkle will be able to detect cloud layers at 3σ or greater in all cool gaseous planets for clouds at ≤10 Pa pressure level, but will be insensitive to clouds deeper than 104 Pa in all cases. With these results, we demonstrate the capability of the Twinkle mission to greatly expand the current knowledge of cool gaseous planets, enabling key insights and constraints to be obtained for this poorly charted region of exoplanet parameter space.
TIaRA TESS 1: estimating exoplanet yields from Years 1 and 3 SPOC light curves
Authors: Rodel Toby , Bayliss Daniel , Gill Samuel , Hawthorn Faith 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
We present a study of the detection efficiency for the TESS mission, focusing on the yield of longer period transiting exoplanets (P &gt; 25 d). We created the Transit Investigation and Recoverability Application (TIaRA) pipeline to use real TESS data with injected transits to create sensitivity maps which we combine with occurrence rates derived from Kepler. This allows us to predict longer period exoplanet yields, which will help design follow-up photometric and spectroscopic programs, such as the NGTS (Next Generation Transit Survey) Monotransit Program. For the TESS Years 1 and 3 SPOC (Science Processing Operations Centre) FFI (Full Frame Image) light curves, we find $2271^{+241}_{-138}$ exoplanets should be detectable around AFGKM dwarf host stars. We find $215^{+37}_{-23}$ exoplanets should be detected from single-transit events or ‘monotransits’. An additional $113^{+22}_{-13}$ detections should result from ‘biennial duotransit’ events with one transit in Year 1 and a second in Year 3. We also find that K dwarf stars yield the most detections by TESS per star observed. When comparing our results to the TOI (TESS objects of interest) catalogue, we find our predictions agree within 1σ of the number of discovered systems with periods between 0.78 and 6.25 d and agree to 2σ for periods between 6.25 and 25 d. Beyond periods of 25 d, we predict $403^{+64}_{-38}$ detections, which is three times as many detections as there are in the TOI catalogue with &gt;3σ confidence. This indicates a significant number of long-period planets yet to be discovered from TESS data as monotransits or biennial duotransits.