bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inadequate intake of energy and nutrients: A comparative cross‐sectional study between sport and nonsport science university students of southern Ethiopia
Authors: Awgechew Kebede , Desalegn Beruk Berhanu , Mesfin Addisalem 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate and compare the energy and selected nutrient intakes of sport science and nonsport science university students of Southern Ethiopia. Multiple‐day dietary data were collected from 166 university students (76 sport science and 90 nonsport sciences). Average daily energy and nutrient intake, and inadequate intakes were calculated using NutriSurvey (NS). There were significant differences (p < .05) in the median intakes of energy, total carbohydrate, and vitamin B1 between female students from the sport science and nonsport science groups, but only the median intake of iron was significantly different (p < .05) between the male sport and nonsport science student groups. The prevalence of inadequate intake of vitamin B1 was significantly (p < .05) higher in the male and female from the nonsport science groups compared to the male and female student groups in the sport science, respectively, whereas the prevalence of inadequate iron intake by the male sport science students' group was significantly (p < .05) higher compared to their counterparts. Similarly, the prevalence of inadequate energy among the females from the sport science group was significantly (p < .05) higher compared to the female students from the nonsport science department group. The prevalence of inadequate intake of dietary energy and the majority of the nutrients (protein, fat, vitamin A, B1, B2, and magnesium) were high (>50%) in selected university students. The energy and majority of nutrient intakes by the students in the selected universities of southern Ethiopia were suboptimal. Therefore, activities that will improve the dietary intake of university students should include weekly meal plan revision considering their average recommended nutrient intake (RNI).
Lifelong olfactory deprivation‐dependent cortical reorganization restricted to orbitofrontal cortex
Authors: Peter Moa G. , Darki Fahimeh , Thunell Evelina , Mårtensson Gustav , Postma Elbrich M. , Boesveldt Sanne , Westman Eric , Lundström Johan N. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProlonged sensory deprivation has repeatedly been linked to cortical reorganization. We recently demonstrated that individuals with congenital anosmia (CA, complete olfactory deprivation since birth) have seemingly normal morphology in piriform (olfactory) cortex despite profound morphological deviations in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), a finding contradictory to both the known effects of blindness on visual cortex and to the sparse literature on brain morphology in anosmia. To establish whether these unexpected findings reflect the true brain morphology in CA, we first performed a direct replication of our previous study to determine if lack of results was due to a deviant control group, a confound in cross sectional studies. Individuals with CA (n = 30) were compared to age and sex matched controls (n = 30) using voxel‐ and surface‐based morphometry. The replication results were near identical to the original study: bilateral clusters of group differences in the OFC, including CA atrophy around the olfactory sulci and volume increases in the medial orbital gyri. Importantly, no group differences in piriform cortex were detected. Subsequently, to assess any subtle patterns of group differences not detectable by our mass‐univariate analysis, we explored the data from a multivariate perspective. Combining the newly collected data with data from the replicated study (CA = 49, control = 49), we performed support vector machine classification based on gray matter volume. In line with the mass‐univariate analyses, the multivariate analysis could accurately differentiate between the groups in bilateral OFC, whereas the classification accuracy in piriform cortex was at chance level. Our results suggest that despite lifelong olfactory deprivation, piriform (olfactory) cortex is morphologically unaltered and the morphological deviations in CA are confined to the OFC.
Transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors in Ghana: A 3‐year multicentered health facility‐based retrospective study
Authors: Walana Williams , Vicar Ezekiel K. , Kuugbee Eugene D. , Dari Isaac , Bichenlib Grace , Aneba Christian N. , Hinneh Kwasi N. , Yabasin Iddrisu B. , Issaka Koray N. , Danso Michael O. , Amoatey Theophilus N. , Ziem Juventus B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTransfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) remain a major health challenge particularly in developing countries. Here, we present a multicentered hospital‐based retrospective study on the prevalence, distribution, and risk factors of TTIs in Ghana. Data on blood donors from four health facilities, namely Nkwanta South Municipal Hospital (Oti region), Weija‐Gbawe Municipal Hospital (Greater Accra region), SDA Hospital (Northern region) and Wa Municipal Hospital (Upper West region) were extracted and analyzed. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression were applied to compare sociodemographic data with TTI status. A total of 6094 blood donors were included in this study, and 2% were females. The overall prevalence of TTIs was 21.0% (1232/5868). Specifically, the prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, and Syphilis was 6.6% (385/5868), 4.9% (286/5830), 2.9% (168/5867), and 6.8% (393/5739), respectively. Wa dominated in all the viral agents considered in this study, while the Oti region recorded the highest prevalence in T. pallidum. The odds of HBV infection was 3.1 (p = 0.008) among first‐time donors, while that for HCV was 2.8 (p = 0.042). For rural dwellers, donors significantly had T. pallidum (p < 0.001; OR = 2.8), HCV (p < 0.001; OR = 2.9), and HIV (p = 0.028; OR = 1.5) infections. Generally, the recipients of transfused blood were predominantly pregnant mothers, followed by children and accident victims. This study has revealed significant disparities and relatively high prevalence of TTIs in Ghana, specifically HBV, HCV, HIV and T. pallidum infections. The variations suggest the presence of unique health challenges per study area, hence the need for a tailored intervention for each study site.
Skin cancer classification using improved transfer learning model‐based random forest classifier and golden search optimization
Authors: Vidhyalakshmi A. M. , Kanchana M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe two complex skin cancer type is melanoma and non‐melanoma. However, the classification of skin cancer is not performed accurately due to the requirement of a huge time and the presence of noisy images. The severity level is not detected and this leads to generate serious issues. To overcome these entire issues GSO‐optimized kernel random forest (RF)‐based transfer learning (TL) is proposed to perform the classification of 12 different skin cancer types by using ImageNet and CNN architectures. The kernel decision tree is taken into account by the RF classifier throughout the classification process, and the RF parameters are modified using the GSO algorithm. The proposed algorithm not only effectively enhances the detection results based on previous adaptive thresholding segmentation techniques but also extends the skin cancer detection process. Compared to existing MMCL, SVM, Mask‐RCNN, and CNN methods the proposed technique attained better performance in classification of skin cancer.
An optimal system for increasing the contrast resolution qualities of histopathology images in the wavelet domain
Authors: Rao Karishma , Bansal Manu , Kaur Gagandeep 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the field of histopathology, it has been observed that most images are of poor quality as a result of inadequate luminance and contrast. The first step in identifying and analyzing them is to enhance their quality while maintaining their inherent characteristics. This paper presents a novel method for enhancing histopathology images' important features, brightness preservation, and contrast by utilizing the adaptive intensity transformation gamma function in the wavelet domain. The RGB histopathological color image is first converted to the HSV color model. The V component is then stretched in order to compensate for any color distortion. In the proposed scheme, the stretched V component is split into four sub‐bands using discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Next, it determines the optimal value of the gamma correction function in the DWT lower sub‐band. A correction factor is applied using the singular value decomposition (SVD) technique to determine the optimal gamma function value using the nature‐inspired particle swarm optimization method (NIPSO). The corrected LL sub‐band is then applied to the inverse DWT (IDWT) together with the other unprocessed sub‐bands. In addition, the contrast of each feature is enhanced by employing an adaptive histogram equalization model that is contrast‐limited. The proposed method was evaluated through experiments and validations on a variety of histopathology images retrieved from multiple databases. Several quantitative studies have demonstrated that the proposed method outperforms existing enhancement techniques in terms of entropy, edge preservation index, contrast ratio, and Universal Image Quality Index (UIQI). This proposed technique increases contrast, while preserving the inherent characteristics of the original image, resulting in better quality histopathology images that can be used in disease diagnosis and inspection.
HOW TO START AN UNBIASED CONVERSATION ABOUT EXHAUSTION
Authors: Guthier Christina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe author, a self‐employed occupational health psychologist, presents her research on various nuanced aspects of exhaustion, stress, and burnout, as they related to leadership and organizations. She also notes her TEDx talk “Let’s talk about the bright side of exhaustion,” and writes that “using study results based on data of more than 26,000 participants and illustrative anecdotes, I will explain why exhaustion is more complicated than most realize, that there is not only a dark but also a bright side, and how leaders can make sure that people in their environment experience the bright side of exhaustion by improving person‐job matches.” She describes her own personal background within these issues, and Figure 1 depicts a Conversation Starter for Exhaustion Model. The Venn diagram has “Joyfully Exhausted” in the middle, surrounded by the keywords Meaning, Support, Autonomy, and Appreciation. In the article text, regarding meaning, she writes “As a leader you need to know what kind of work is meaningful for each person around you and ideally create work environments where people can mainly focus on performing these tasks. This makes it easier for individuals in your work environment to better perform and make the effort feel worthwhile.”
Mild Quantitative One Step Removal of Macrophages from Cocultures with Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Using Thermoresponsive Poly(Di(Ethylene Glycol)Methyl Ether Methacrylate) Brushes
Authors: Hebel Diana , Schönherr Holger 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe authors report on a mild, label‐free, and fast method for the separation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), which are relevant cells, whose use is not limited to studies of endothelial dysfunction, from cocultures with macrophages to afford HUVEC in ≈100% purity. Poly(di(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate) (PDEGMA) brushes with a dry thickness of (5 ± 1) nm afford the highly effective one‐step separation by selective HUVEC detachment, which is based on the brushes' thermoresponsive behavior. Below the thermal transition at 32 °C the brushes swells and desorbs attached proteins, resulting in markedly decreased cell adhesion. Specifically, HUVEC and macrophages, which are differentiated from THP‐1 monocytes, are seeded and attached to PDEGMA brushes at 37°C. After decreasing the temperature to 22°C, HUVEC shows a decrease in their cell area, while the macrophages are not markedly affected by the temperature change. After mild flushing with a cell culture medium, the HUVEC can be released from the surface and reseeded again with ≈100% purity on a new surface. With this selective cell separation and removal method, it is possible to separate and thereby purify HUVEC from macrophages without the use of any releasing reagent or expensive labels, such as antibodies.
Benzoxaborole Ester‐Based Alternating Copolymer Nanoaggregates with Triple‐Stimuli Response
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Chen Yuhua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn innovative amphiphilic alternating copolymer with benzoxaborole ester‐linkages (P(NODGA‐alt‐PBA)) is synthesized in one step through an amination reduction reaction involving N‐octyl‐d‐glucamine and 2‐formylphenylboronic acid. Under CO2, lactic acid (LA) and H2O2 stimulations, nanoaggregates self‐assembled by P(NODGA‐alt‐PBA) can undergo cleavage via the breaking of benzoxaborole ester bonds, which is confirmed by analysis of UV–vis absorption spectra, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. As triggered by these stimuli, doxorubicin‐loaded nanocarriers (DOX‐PNs) are disrupted and quickly release drug, afterward only leaving some small molecular residues with low toxicity that can be absorbed and utilized by biological tissues. In vitro results indicate that P(NODGA‐alt‐PBA) is non‐toxic but DOX‐PN exhibits a markly enhanced therapeutic effect of DOX, compared to free DOX, ascribing to the tertiary amino protonated. This approach provides a promising candidate for biocompatible, biodegradable, and safe drug carriers for cancer therapy.
Sample‐based robust model reduction for non‐linear systems biology models
Authors: Falkenhagen Undine , Himpe Christian , Knöchel Jane , Kloft Charlotte , Huisinga Wilhelm 
Published: November 2023

AbstractComplex non‐linear systems biology models comprise relevant knowledge on processes of pharmacological interest. They are, however, too complex to be used in inferential settings, for example, to allow for the estimation of patient‐specific parameters for individual dose optimisation. Thus, there is a need for simple models with interpretable components to infer the drug effect in a clinical setting. In particular, it is essential to accurately quantify and simulate the interindividual variability in the drug response in order to account for covariates like body weight, age and genetic disposition. To this end, non‐linear model order reduction and simplification methods can be used if they maintain model interpretability during reduction and consider an entire population rather than just a single reference individual. We present a sample‐based approach for robust model order reduction and propose two improvements for efficiency. In particular, we introduce a new sampling method to generate the virtual population based on transformed latin hypercube sampling. Thereby, the sample is stratified in the relevant parameter‐space directions, which are identified using empirical observability Gramians. We illustrate our approach in application to a blood coagulation pathway model, where we reduce the complexity from a 62‐dimensional highly non‐linear to a six‐dimensional and a nine‐dimensional system of ordinary differential equations for two scenarios, respectively.
Approximate time optimal control by deep neural networks trained with numerically obtained optimal trajectories
Authors: Zauner Christian , Gattringer Hubert , Müller Andreas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper focuses on online time optimal control of nonlinear systems. This is achieved by approximating the results of time optimal control problems (TOCP) with deep neural networks (DNN) depending on the initial and terminal system state. In general, solving a TOCP for nonlinear systems is a computationally challenging task. Especially in the context of time optimal nonlinear model predictive control (TMPC) with hard real time constraints successful termination of a TOCP within sample times suitable for controlling mechanical systems cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, our approach is to train three DNNs with different aspects of numerical solutions of TOCPs with random initial and terminal state. These networks can then be used to approximate the TMPC by a one step model predictive control scheme with a significantly simpler structure and decreased calculation time. In order to verify this procedure by simulation, it is applied to a prove of concept example as well as the model of an industrial robot.
Investigation of the bending and quasi‐static indentation properties of three‐dimensional (3D) textile‐reinforced composites
Authors: Korkmaz Mehmet 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe three‐dimensional (3D) textiles, which are identified as advanced fabric systems, have been under development for decades and are demanded for number of structural or semi‐structural applications. They can be obtained by several production methods. These methods impart distinct, specific properties to the 3D textiles and their composites. However, the discrepancies in the production methods and their effects on the dry structure and composite mechanics need to be elucidated. In this study, the compressibility and bending properties of 3D woven, 3D multiaxis warp knitted, and 3D stitched fabrics were determined. Afterward, their composites were produced and tested under three‐point bending and quasi‐static indentation loads. Therefore, the load bearing capacity of 3D textiles was investigated from the dry structure to the composite. According to the purpose of the end‐uses, significant differences were obtained in their mechanical behaviors. When the indentation properties and damage mechanism are taken into consideration, the 3D woven composite shows the best performance among all composites.Highlights
Quadriaxial oriented low crimp carbon yarns gain the best quasi‐static indentation resistance to composites.
The stitching process prevents damage progress in composites and restrains smaller areas.
Binding warp yarn enables the composite distribute indentation energy more evenly.
Kernspinresonanz ohne Magnetfeld
Authors: Budker Dmitry , Barskiy Danila , Lenz Till 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel erläutert die Grundprinzipien der Nullfeld‐Kernspinresonanz (Nullfeld‐NMR). Dabei diskutieren wir sowohl die Entstehung der Signale als auch deren Entsprechungen im bekannteren Hochfeld‐NMR. Insbesondere werden Hyperpolarisationsverfahren skizziert, die auch im Hochfeld‐NMR vorteilhaft sind. Außerdem erläutern wir einen typischen experimentellen Aufbau zur Detektion von Nullfeld‐NMR und die Bedeutung der jeweiligen Komponenten. Darüber hinaus werden explizite Anwendungen wie das Echtzeit‐Monitoring von chemischen Reaktionen in Metallbehältnissen oder die Messung enzymatischer Aktivität mittels Nullfeld‐NMR beschrieben. Zuletzt umreißen wir noch eine zukünftige Perspektive der Nullfeld‐NMR, und zwar die Anwendung von Nanosensoren in Diamant. Das könnte die Detektion von Nullfeldspektren weniger Moleküle bis hin zu einem einzelnen Molelkül ermöglichen.
Conformational features and interaction mechanisms of VHH antibodies with β‐hairpin CDR3: A case of Nb8‐HigB2 interaction
Authors: Yamamoto Koichi , Nagatoishi Satoru , Matsunaga Ryo , Nakakido Makoto , Kuroda Daisuke , Tsumoto Kouhei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe β‐hairpin conformation is regarded as an important basic motif to form and regulate protein–protein interactions. Single‐domain VHH antibodies are potential therapeutic and diagnostic tools, and the third complementarity‐determining regions of the heavy chains (CDR3s) of these antibodies are critical for antigen recognition. Although the sequences and conformations of the CDR3s are diverse, CDR3s sometimes adopt β‐hairpin conformations. However, characteristic features and interaction mechanisms of β‐hairpin CDR3s remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the molecular recognition of the anti‐HigB2 VHH antibody Nb8, which has a CDR3 that forms a β‐hairpin conformation. The interaction was analyzed by evaluation of alanine‐scanning mutants, molecular dynamics simulations, and hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. These experiments demonstrated that positions 93 and 94 (Chothia numbering) in framework region 3, which is right outside CDR3 by definition, play pivotal roles in maintaining structural stability and binding properties of Nb8. These findings will facilitate the design and optimization of single‐domain antibodies.
Adult and pediatric physiologically‐based biopharmaceutics modeling to explain lamotrigine immediate release absorption process
Authors: Caleffi‐Marchesini Edilainy Rizzieri , Herling Amanda Antunes , Macente Julia , Bonan Rodolfo Hernandes , de Freitas Lima Priscila , Moreno Rafaela , Alexandre Veriano , Charbe Nitin Bharat , Borghi‐Pangoni Fernanda Belincanta , Cristofoletti Rodrigo , Diniz Andréa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhysiologically‐based biopharmaceutics modeling (PBBM) has potential to accelerate the development of new drug and formulations. An important application of PBBM is for special populations such as pediatrics that have pharmacokinetics dependent on the maturation process. Lamotrigine (LTG) is a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) II drug and is widely prescribed. Therefore, the goal of this study was to assess the biopharmaceutics risk of the low‐soluble drug LTG when the ontogeny on gastrointestinal tract (GIT) physiological parameters are considered. An oral physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic model and a PBBM were developed and verified using GastroPlus™ software for both adults and children (2–12 years old, 12–52 kg). The biopharmaceutics properties and GIT physiological parameters were evaluated by sensitivity analysis. High doses were simulated assuming a worst case scenario, that is, the dose of 200 mg for adults and 5 mg/kg (up to the maximum of 200 mg) for 2‐year‐old children. Although several authors have suggested that ontogeny may have an effect on gastrointestinal fluid volume, our study found no evidence of interference between fluid and dose volumes with in vivo dissolution of LTG. The most impactful parameter was found to be the gastric transit time. Therefore, the hypothesis is developed to examine whether LTG exhibits characteristics of a BCS II classification in vitro while showing BCS I–like behavior in vivo. This hypothesis could act as a base for conducting novel studies on model‐informed precision dosing, tailored to specific populations and clinical conditions. In addition, it could be instrumental in assessing the influence of various release profiles on in vivo performance for both adult and pediatric populations.