bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block Program in Geriatric Hip Fractures: The Experience at a Level I Academic Trauma Center
Authors: Ulrich Gary , Kraus Kameron , Polk Seth , Zuelzer David , Matuszewski Paul E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:
Determine adherence to a newly implemented protocol of fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) in geriatric hip fractures.
METHODS

Design:
Retrospective review

Setting:
Level I trauma center

Patient Selection Criteria:
Patients with a hip fracture treated with cephallomedullary nailing or hemiarthroplasty (CPT Codes 27245 or 27236).

Outcome Measures and Comparisons: Adherence to a protocol for FICB, time intervals between emergency department arrival, FICB, and surgery stratified by time of admission.

RESULTS:
380 patients were studied (average age 78, 70% female). 53.2% of patients received a FICB, which was less than a pre-defined acceptable adherence rate of 75% (p<0.001). 5.0% received a FICB within 4 hours and 17.3% within 6 hours from admission. Admission during daylight hours (7am-7pm) when compared to evening hours (7pm-7am) was associated with improved timeliness ([8.3% vs 0% within 4 hours, p<0.001], [27.5% vs 2.4% within 6 hours, p<0.001]). Improved adherence to the protocol was observed over time (OR: 1.0013, 95% CI: 1.0001, 1.0025, p=0.0388).

CONCLUSIONS:
FICB implementation was poor but gradually improved over time. Few patients received a FICB promptly, especially during night hours. Overall, this study demonstrates that implementation of a FICB program at a level I academic trauma center can be difficult however, many hurdles can be overcome with institutional support and dedication of resources such as staff, space and additional training.
The Case for Operative Efficiency in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery
Authors: Daniels Alan H. , Daher Mohammad , Singh Manjot , Balmaceno-Criss Mariah , Lafage Renaud , Diebo Bassel G. , Hamilton D. Kojo , Smith Justin S. , Eastlack Robert K. , Fessler Richard G. , Gum Jeffrey L. , Gupta Munish C. , Hostin Richard , Kebaish Khaled M. , Klineberg Eric O. , Lewis Stephen J. , Line Breton G. , Nunley Pierce D. , Mundis Gregory M. , Passias Peter G. , Protopsaltis Themistocles S. , Buell Thomas , Scheer Justin K. , Mullin Jeffrey P. , Soroceanu Alex , Ames Christopher P. , Lenke Lawrence G. , Bess Shay , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Burton Douglas C. , Lafage Virginie , Schwab Frank J. ,   International Spine Study Group
Published: November 2023

Study Design.
Retrospective review of prospectively collected data

Objective.
To analyze the impact of operative room (OR) time in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery on patient outcomes

Background.
It is currently unknown if OR time in ASD patients matched for deformity severity and surgical invasiveness is associated with patient outcomes.

Methods.
ASD patients with baseline and 2-year postoperative radiographic and patient reported outcome measures (PROM) data, undergoing posterior only approach for long fusion (> L1- Ilium) were included. Patients were grouped into Short OR Time (<40th percentile: <359 min) and Long OR Time (>60th percentile: > 421 min). Groups were matched by age, baseline deformity severity, and surgical invasiveness. Demographics, radiographic, PROM data, fusion rate, and complications were compared between groups at baseline and 2-years follow-up.

Results.
In total, 270 patients were included for analysis: mean OR time was 286 minutes in the Short OR group vs 510 minutes in the Long OR group (P<0.001). Age, gender, percent of revision cases, surgical invasiveness, PI-LL, SVA and PT were comparable between groups (P>0.05). Short OR had a slightly lower BMI than the short OR group (P<0.001) and decompression was more prevalent in the long OR time (P=0.042). Patients in the Long group had greater hospital length of stay (LOS) (P=0.02); blood loss (P<0.001); proportion requiring ICU (P=0.003); higher minor complication rate (P=0.001); with no significant differences for major complications or revision procedures (P>0.5). Both groups had comparable radiographic fusion rates (P=0.152) and achieved improvement in sagittal alignment measures, ODI and SF36 (P<0.001).

Conclusion.
Shorter OR time for ASD correction is associated with lower minor complication rate, lower EBL, fewer ICU admissions, and shorter hospital LOS without sacrificing alignment correction or PROMS. Maximizing operative efficiency by minimizing OR time in ASD surgery has the potential to benefit patients, surgeons, and hospital systems.
Impact of Test Instructions on 6-min Walk Distance in Adults With Chronic Respiratory Disease
Authors: Mellerick Christie R. , Burge Angela T. , Hill Catherine J. , Cox Narelle S. , Bondarenko Janet , Holland Anne E. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
The 6-min walk test (6MWT) is commonly used to assess functional exercise capacity in people with chronic respiratory disease in both clinical and research settings. However, two tests are required to achieve accurate results, due to a well-documented learning effect for the 6-min walk distance (6MWD). Whether it is possible to reduce or eliminate the learning effect by optimizing 6MWT instructions is not known.

Methods:
People with chronic respiratory disease referred to pulmonary rehabilitation undertook two 6MWT with random allocation to modified instructions (fast—walk as fast as possible; n = 46) or usual instructions (far—walk as far as possible; n = 49). The primary outcome was the learning effect, defined as the difference in the 6MWD between test one and test two. Subgroup analyses investigated whether effects varied in those who were naïve to the 6MWT or according to diagnosis (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, and bronchiectasis).

Results:
A learning effect was present in both groups, with a mean improvement in the 6MWD on the second test of 14 m in the fast (modified) group (95% CI, 6-22) and 11 m in the far (usual) group (95% CI, 4-19). There was no statistically or clinically significant difference between groups in the magnitude of the learning effect (between-group difference −3 m, 95% CI, −14 to 8). There was no significant effect of naivety to the 6MWT or diagnosis.

Conclusion:
The current recommended procedures for the 6MWT, including standardized instructions and performance of two tests on each occasion, should be retained.
Clostridioides difficile infections; new treatments and future perspectives
Authors: Normington Charmaine , Chilton Caroline H. , Buckley Anthony M. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review
As a significant cause of global morbidity and mortality, Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs) are listed by the Centres for Disease Control and prevention as one of the top 5 urgent threats in the USA. CDI occurs from gut microbiome dysbiosis, typically through antibiotic-mediated disruption; however, antibiotics are the treatment of choice, which can result in recurrent infections. Here, we highlight new treatments available and provide a perspective on different classes of future treatments.

Recent findings
Due to the reduced risk of disease recurrence, the microbiome-sparing antibiotic Fidaxomicin has been recommended as the first-line treatment for C. difficile infection. Based on the success of faecal microbiota transplantations (FMT) in treating CDI recurrence, defined microbiome biotherapeutics offer a safer and more tightly controlled alterative as an adjunct to antibiotic therapy. Given the association between antibiotic-mediated dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota and the recurrence of CDI, future prospective therapies aim to reduce the dependence on antibiotics for the treatment of CDI.

Summary
With current first-in-line antibiotic therapy options associated with high levels of recurrent CDI, the availability of new generation targeted therapeutics can really impact treatment success. There are still unknowns about the long-term implications of these new CDI therapeutics, but efforts to expand the CDI treatment toolbox can offer multiple solutions for clinicians to treat this multifaceted infectious disease to reduce patient suffering.
More is Different: Constructing the Most Comprehensive Human Protein High-Order Interaction Dataset
Authors: Lu Yuntao , Huang Yongfeng , Li Tao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn biological systems, protein-protein interactions (PPI) weave intricate network patterns that are fundamental to the structural and functional integrity of organisms. While the majority of existing research has been anchored in the study of pairwise PPIs, the realm of high-order interactions remains relatively untapped. This oversight could potentially obscure the deeper intricacies embedded within biological networks. To address this gap, this study formulates a scientific task aimed at predicting high-order protein-protein interactions and introduces a multi-level comprehensive dataset focused on triadic high-order interactions within PPI networks. This dataset incorporates more than 80% of the known human protein interaction relationships and partitions into 60 subsets across a diverse range of functional contexts and confidence. Through meticulous evaluation using cutting-edge high-order network prediction tools and benchmark PPI prediction methodologies, our findings resonate with the principle that “more is different”. Triadic high-order interactions offer a more enriched and detailed informational canvas than their pairwise counterparts, paving the way for a deeper comprehension of the intricate dynamics at play in biological systems. In summary, this research accentuates the critical importance of high-order PPI interactions in biological systems and furnishes invaluable resources for subsequent scholarly investigations. The dataset is poised to catalyze future research endeavors in protein-protein interaction networks, elucidating their pivotal roles in both health and disease states.
A single-sample workflow for joint metabolomic and proteomic analysis of clinical specimens
Authors: Gegner Hagen M. , Naake Thomas , Aljakouch Karim , Dugourd Aurelien , Kliewer Georg , Müller Torsten , Schilling Dustin , Schneider Marc A. , Kunze-Rohrbach Nina , Grünewald Thomas G.P. , Hell Rüdiger , Saez-Rodriguez Julio , Huber Wolfgang , Poschet Gernot , Krijgsveld Jeroen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the interplay of the proteome and the metabolome aids in understanding cellular phenotypes. To enable more robust inferences from such multi-omics analyses, combining proteomic and metabolomic datasets from the same sample provides major benefits by reducing technical variation between extracts during the pre-analytical phase, decreasing sample variation due to varying cellular content between aliquots, and limiting the required sample amount. We evaluated the advantages, practicality and feasibility of a single-sample workflow for combined proteome and metabolome analysis. In the workflow, termed MTBE-SP3, we combined a fully automated protein lysis and extraction protocol (autoSP3) with a semi-automated biphasic 75% EtOH/MTBE extraction for quantification of polar/non-polar metabolites. Additionally, we compared the resulting proteome of various biological matrices (FFPE tissue, fresh-frozen tissue, plasma, serum and cells) between autoSP3 and MTBE-SP3. Our analysis revealed that the single-sample workflow provided similar results to those obtained from autoSP3 alone, with an 85-98% overlap of proteins detected across the different biological matrices. Additionally, it provides distinct advantages by decreasing (tissue) heterogeneity by retrieving metabolomics and proteomic data from the identical biological material, and limiting the total amount of required material. Lastly, we applied MTBE-SP3 to a lung adenocarcinoma cohort of 10 patients. Integrating the metabolic and proteomic alterations between tumour and non-tumour adjacent tissue yielded consistent data independent of the method used. This revealed mitochondrial dysfunction in tumor tissue through deregulation of OGDH, SDH family enzymes and PKM. In summary, MTBE-SP3 enables the facile and confident parallel measurement of proteins and metabolites obtained from the same sample. This workflow is particularly applicable for studies with limited sample availability and offers the potential to enhance the integration of metabolomic and proteomic datasets.
Feeding disruptions lead to a significant increase in disease modules in adult mice
Authors: Mou Xiaoqin , Nie Pengxing , Chen Renrui , Cheng Yang , Wang Guang-Zhong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFeeding disruption is intimately associated with numerous diseases, yet its molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated in circadian biology. We discovered that in the liver of adult mice, feeding disruption can lead to a substantial increase in disease modules in the transcriptome. This increase in disease modules occurs far earlier than the individual’s aging and disease onset. In contrast, calorie restriction significantly reduces the formation of disease modules. This offers a critical missing link between feeding disruption and the molecular systems mechanisms of disease.
Divergence time and environmental similarity predict the strength of morphological convergence in stick and leaf insects
Authors: Boisseau Romain P. , Bradler Sven , Emlen Douglas J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIndependent evolution of similar traits in lineages inhabiting similar environments (convergent evolution) is often taken as evidence for adaptation by natural selection, and used to illustrate the predictability of evolution. Yet convergence is rarely perfect. Environments may not be as similar as they appear (e.g., habitats scored the same may be heterogenous to the organisms). And lineages can evolve in different ways even when submitted to the same environmental challenges, because responses to selection are contingent upon available genetic variation and independent lineages may differ in the alleles, genetic backgrounds, and even the developmental mechanisms responsible for the phenotypes in question. Both impediments to convergence are predicted to increase as the length of time separating two lineages increases, making it difficult to discern their relative importance. We quantified environmental similarity and the extent of convergence to show how habitat and divergence time each contribute to observed patterns of morphological evolution in stick and leaf insects (order Phasmatodea). Dozens of phasmid lineages independently colonized similar habitats, repeatedly evolving in parallel directions on a 26-trait morphospace, though the magnitude and direction of these shifts varied. Lineages converging towards more similar environments ended up closer on the morphospace, as did closely related lineages, and closely related lineages followed more parallel trajectories to arrive there. Remarkably, after accounting for habitat similarity, we show that divergence time reduced convergence at a constant rate across more than 60 million years of separation, suggesting even the magnitude of contingency can be predictable, given sufficient spans of time.Significance statementPhasmids (stick and leaf insects) exemplify the extraordinary power of natural selection to shape organismal phenotypes. The animals themselves are charismatic champions of crypsis and masquerade; and our characterization of their adaptive radiation reveals dozens of instances of convergence, as lineages adapted to similar changes in habitat by repeatedly evolving similar body forms. Our findings show that the similarity of environmental conditions experienced by the organisms – the closeness of the invaded niches – and the extent of elapsed time since divergence, both predict the strength of morphological convergence. The phasmid radiation reveals an evolutionary process that is surprisingly predictable, even when lineages have been evolving independently for tens of millions of years.
In-silicoanalysis of Myocardial Infarction-related missense SNPs to identify novel biomarkers to predict susceptibility
Authors: Tarlochan Fiza Faris , Rasool Saad 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMyocardial Infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, stands as a formidable global health challenge, responsible for a substantial burden of morbidity and mortality. This study embarked on a comprehensive exploration of the genetic underpinnings of MI, recognizing the pivotal role of genetic factors in determining an individual’s susceptibility to this life-threatening condition. The objective of our research was to investigate missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with MI to determine whether the changes in amino acid sequences have potential implications for the risk of MI. Employing a multifaceted approach, we leveraged an array of computational tools and databases to scrutinize specific missense SNP and meticulously analyzed their potential effects on protein structure stability and function. Our analysis has confirmed a total of 4 missense SNP in ALDH2, APOE, IGFBP1, and PCSK1 genes to be damaging to protein structure and hence, the function. An extensive literature review was then performed to determine the functional roles of these genes in the regulation of the cardiac system-related pathways. Our analysis confirmed that all 2 of these genes are directly involved in pathways related to the cardiac system, while the other 2 genes play other roles. We have further analyzed their interactions and underlying biological processes to determine their potential role in the incidence of MI. These findings collectively offer a profound understanding of the intricate genetic landscape underlying MI. They not only enhance our comprehension of the multifaceted genetic factors influencing MI susceptibility but also set the stage for future experimental investigations. Importantly, these insights hold the potential to guide future research and the development of therapeutic strategies, to improve the prevention and management of this critical cardiovascular condition.
An urbanized phantom tributary subsidizes river-riparian communities of mainstem gravel-bed river
Authors: Negishi JN , Song YY , Matsubara I , Morisaki N 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUrbanization transforms natural river channels, and some rivers become invisible over time. How and whether the subsurface domains of the original waterways and aquifers connecting them (a phantom of historical landscape) are functional is not known. This study examined the effects of tributary groundwater (GW) inflow on the response of river-riparian organisms in an alluvial mainstem river in northern Japan, where the tributary disappeared over the course of urban landscape transformation.A 2.8-km long lowland segment of the mainstem gravel-bed river was examined for water properties and the river-riparian food web. In addition, watershed-wide water sampling was conducted to isotopically distinguish several types of groundwater that contributed to the hyporheic water in the study segment. There was a clear effect of altitude on the hydrogen/oxygen stable isotope ratios in the river water collected across the watershed.Groundwater unique both in chemical sand isotopic signatures in several spots occurred within the study segment, and its properties resembled to and its upwelling locations matched groundwater from a tributary river whose surface channel has disappeared 60 years ago. Positive numerical increases in abundance and/or a sign of nitrogen transfer in river riparian communities (algae, invertebrates, and riparian trees) originating from groundwater high in nitrate with elevated nitrogen stable isotope ratios were found.This study demonstrated that tributary groundwater with unique chemical properties manifested by an urban watershed river network continued to have cascading effects on biota across the river-riparian boundary in the mainstem river, even after urbanization transformed the tributary into a historically lost phantom river. We highlighted the legacy effects of landscape transformation in the subsurface domain and the significance of scrutinizing the past landscape and hydrological connectivity at the watershed scale in urban environments.
Surface-sourced eDNA to track deep-diver cetaceans: the study case of Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) at Caprera Canyon and surrounding areas (Western Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Boldrocchi G. , Conte L. , Galli P. , Bettinetti R. , Valsecchi E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAmong cetaceans, the Cuvier’s beaked whale is considered an extreme diver, very challenging to be studied with standard monitoring methods due to its elusive behaviour and a preference for deep offshore waters. These limitations seem to be mitigated by the use of new molecular methodologies capable of intercepting small traces of DNA left in the environment (eDNA) by marine organisms. Moreover, the collection of water from the superficial layer of the sea represents a perfect case study for the targeting of marine mammals, as the constraints imposed by their nature implies periodic and frequent surfacing. Therefore, we designed and tested a taxon-specific primer set to infer the Cuvier’s beaked whale presence, with the aims of 1) examining the effectiveness of the eDNA technique to detect the presence of deep-diving cetacean in open waters, using the Cuvier’s beaked whale as case study; 2) providing data on the spatiotemporal occurrence of this species within the Canyon of Caprera; and 3) assessing the species occurrence in central northern Mediterranean Sea based on molecular traces. Results from this study demonstrated that collection of superficial waters is a valid approach to monitor deep-diving cetacean species, without the need for complementary visual survey monitoring. Specifically, this study provides evidence of the regular presence of the Cuvier’s beaked whale in the Canyon of Caprera, with a preference for bathymetry in the range of 700-1000 m. This study also showed a potential inshore movement of this species during fall, which is possibly related to migration of its cephalopod prey or a shift in prey preferences. Overall, the data presented here are particularly relevant in the optic of proposing the Caprera Canyon as anImportant Marine Mammal Area(IMMA) in the Mediterranean Sea. At a wider level, this study also showed that the stronger positive signals were recorded in sampling stations located on submarine canyon systems, demonstrating the importance of these areas as elective habitats for the Cuvier’s beaked whale, thus the pivotal priority to their conservation.