bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrothermal synthesis and structure of a novel terbium coordination polymer with packing cavities, {[Tb(TCB)1/2(H2TCB)1/2(H2O)](H2O)2}n (H2TCB = 1, 2, 4, 5‐benzenetetracarboxylic acid)
Authors: Hu Mao‐Lin , Zhu Nan‐Wen , Li Xin‐Hua , Chen Fan 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA novel terbium coordination polymer {[Tb(TCB)1/2(H2TCB)1/2(H2O)](H2O)2}n (H2TCB = 1, 2, 4, 5‐benzenetetracarboxylic acid) (1) has been hydrothermally synthesized and determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction method, which features a very interesting three‐dimensional framework with large packing cavities. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 1.0723(4) nm, b = 0.7168(3) nm, c = 1.7155(6) nm, β = 97.079(4)°, V = 1.3086(8) nm3, Z = 4, and final R1 = 0.0203, wR2 = 0.0404. In 1, the protonated carboxylate groups are free, the other carboxylate groups are bonded to Tb3+ ion in three modes: the chelating bidentate, the bridging bidentate and bridging tridentate. Moreover each Tb3+ ion is coordinated by nine oxygen atoms from six carboxylate groups and one water molecule respectively to complete a deformed tricapped trigonal prismatic geometry. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dewetted growth of CdTe in microgravity (STS‐95)
Authors: Fiederle M. , Duffar T. , Babentsov V. , Benz K. W. , Dusserre P. , Corregidor V. , Dieguez E. , Delaye P. , Roosen G. , Chevrier V. , Launay J. C. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractTwo CdTe crystals had been grown in microgravity during the STS‐95 mission. The growth configuration was dedicated to obtain dewetting of the crystals and to achieve high quality material. Background for the performed experiments was based on the theory of the dewetting and previous experience. The after flight characterization of the crystals has demonstrated existance of the dewetting areas of the crystals and their improved quality regarding the earth grown reference sample. The samples had been characterized by EDAX, Synchrotron X‐ray topography, Photoluminescence and Optical and IR microscopy. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The possibility of using forward models for multi‐limb coordination: Examination of models for grip–load force coupling in humans
Authors: Ugata Masaomi , Kuroda Tomoe , Imamizu Hiroshi , Yoshioka Toshinori , Wada Yasuhiro , Kawato Mitsuo 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAccording to recent findings in computation theory, the forward model is expected to play an important role in collaboration among effectors. However, no experimental evidence has been presented for the conjecture. The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of using the forward model in collaboration among effectors, and to investigate grip–load force coupling, which is considered to be one of the collaborations among the effectors. First, the model for human grip–load force coupling, including the internal model for the effector, is considered. A hypothesis is composed for the cases in which the forward model is used or not used for control of the grip force. In order to examine the validity of the hypothesis by experiment, two‐point transport motion is tested in a situation in which an object with novel dynamics, modified by the manipulandum, is carried by being gripped in the hand. Based on the recovery of grip–load coupling for the novel dynamics of the object and the learning process of the arm movement trajectory, it is concluded that the hypothesis of the use of the forward model in the control of the grip force is adequate. Thus, the possibility of use of the forward model in collaboration among effectors is indicated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(11): 44–56, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20119
An automatic timing detection method using word spotting and dynamic programming for superimposing captions in television programs
Authors: Maruyama Ichiro , Abe Yoshiharu , Ehara Terumasa , Shirai Katsuhiko 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis paper considers a technique for prerecorded TV programs in which captions for the hearing‐impaired are automatically superimposed on the basis of the program VTR and the advance electronic script. A method of detecting the caption presentation timing by detecting the synchronization timing for the speech and captions is described. For broadcast speech on which background sound is superimposed, it is difficult to achieve high detection accuracy by timing detection based only on a phoneme HMM word spotter. Consequently, this paper proposes the following method. For each sentence in the program script, multiple timing candidates are detected by word spotting. The optimal timing for the whole program is selected by using dynamic programming based on three scores (the time‐order in the manuscript, the ratio of the utterance times estimated from the manuscript, and the likelihood of being speech) in addition to the acoustic likelihood. An evaluation experiment was performed on 10 sessions of a documentary program. Assuming tolerable detection errors of 1 and 3 seconds, detection rates of 99.0 and 99.7% were obtained, respectively, indicating that the method is of practical value. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(11): 73–82, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20121
Structural fiber reinforcement of keel blubber in harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)
Authors: Hamilton Jonna L. , Dillaman Richard M. , McLellan William A. , Pabst D. Ann 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis study investigated the functional morphology of the blubber that forms the caudal keels of the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). Blubber is a pliant biocomposite formed by adipocytes and structural fibers composed of collagen and elastic fibers. Caudal keels are dorsally and ventrally placed triangular wedges of blubber that define the hydrodynamic profile of the porpoise tailstock. Mechanical tests on carcasses demonstrate that when keels are bent, they strain nonuniformly along their lengths, with highest strains just caudal to the dorsal fin and lowest at the insertion of the flukes. Therefore, caudal keels undergo nonuniform longitudinal deformation while maintaining a stable, triangular cross‐sectional shape. Polarizing and transmitted light microscopy techniques were used to investigate blubber's 3D fiber architecture along the length of the dorsal keel. The triangular cross‐sectional shape of the keel appears to be maintained by structural fibers oriented to act as tensile stays. The construction of the blubber composite is regionally specific :structural fiber densities and diameters are higher in the relatively stiff caudal region of the keel than in the more deformable cranial keel region. The orientations of structural fibers also change along the length of the keel. Cranially, no fibers are oriented along the long axis, whereas a novel population of longitudinally oriented fibers reinforces the keel at the insertion of the flukes. Thus, differences in the distribution and orientation of structural fibers contribute to the regionally specific mechanical properties of the dorsal keel. J. Morphol. 261:105–117, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Major outer membrane proteins in moderately halophilic eubacteria of genera Chromohalobacter and Halomonas
Authors: Tokunaga Hiroko , Mitsuo Kenjiro , Kamekura Masahiro , Tokunaga Masao 
Published: May 2004

AbstractOuter and inner membrane fractions of Chromohalobacter marismortui and Halomonas elongata were isolated by differential detergent solubilization, and profiles of membrane proteins, especially major outer membrane proteins, were analyzed. These type strains possessed one extremely abundant outer membrane protein which showed similarity in amino‐terminal amino acid sequence with the outer membrane porin proteins in other Gram‐negative bacteria. Three halophilic eubacterial strains isolated from saline environments were also characterized. Strains 160 and 43 were found to be Chromohalobacter spp. and strain 40 to be a Halomonas sp. by sequence analysis of their 16 S ribosomal RNA genes. Extremely abundant porin proteins with an apparent molecular mass of 49 kDa were found in Chromohalobacter sp.160 and Halomonas sp. 40, but no major outer membrane protein was detected in Chromohalobacter sp. 43, suggesting strain 43 was most likely a naturally defective porin mutant. Porin proteins from Chromohalobacter spp. and Halomonas spp. showed the same migration on SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with or without heat‐treatment, indicating that these porin proteins did not form a SDS‐resistant trimeric structure, which was detected in most of the Gram‐negative bacterial porin proteins. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spatial distribution of a daily precipitation concentration index in peninsular Spain
Authors: Martin‐Vide Javier 
Published: May 2004

AbstractGiven its concentration in a few days and its modest total volume, knowledge about precipitation with daily resolution in Spain is highly important. In this article, a concentration index (CI) that evaluates the varying weight of daily precipitation, i.e. the contribution of the days of greatest rainfall to the total amount, is presented. The index is applied to exponential curves such as Y = aXexp(bX), which adjust the accumulated percentages of precipitation Y contributed by the accumulated percentage of days X on which it took place. The index was applied to 32 meteorological stations across peninsular Spain with quality data for the period 1951 to 1990, which enables the spatial patterns of daily pluviometric concentration in the territory to be determined. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society
Electrical rectification by monolayers of three molecules
Authors: Metzger Robert M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractRectification, i.e. asymmetrical electrical conduction by a Langmuir‐Blodgett monolayer of dicyano{4‐[1‐cyano‐2‐(1‐hexadecylquinolin‐1‐ium‐4‐yl)vinyl]phenyl} methanide (1), occurs between both Al and Au electrodes: this rectification arises from the asymmetry of the molecule, and the interplay between the zwitterionic ground state D+‐π‐A− and the less dissociated first electronic excited state D0‐π‐A0. Two more monolayer rectifiers have been found: 1‐butyl‐2,6‐bis{2‐[4‐(dibutylamino)phenyl] vinyl}pyridin‐1‐ium iodide (2) is an interionic rectifier with back charge transfer between the iodide ion and the pyridinium ring. 1a‐[4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl]‐1aH‐1a‐aza‐1(2)a‐homo(C60‐Ih)[5,6]fullerene (3) is a moderate rectifier, with a rectification ratio of 2.
W‐band receiver module using indium phosphide and gallium arsenide MMICs
Authors: Archer John W. , Shen Mei Gan 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis paper describes a low‐noise, high‐gain, single‐sideband, downconverting receiver module developed for point‐to‐point telecommunications in the 82–104‐GHz range. Two indium phosphide (InP) and two gallium arsenide (GaAs) monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) are used in the multi‐chip module. For RF frequencies in the 82–104‐GHz range and within a 1–3‐GHz IF band, the receiver exhibits a typical single‐sideband down‐conversion gain between 15 and 20 dB and a typical noise figure of between 4 and 5 dB. In the same frequency range, the suppression of the unwanted sideband is typically −15 dB or more. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 92–95, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20218
An ultra compact 1 × 2 wavelength demultiplexer based on multimode interference with an index‐modulation region
Authors: Sam Y. L. , Won Y. H. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel structure for an ultra‐compact wavelength demultiplexer with an index‐modulation (IM) region incorporated into a multimode interference coupler. The device length can be reduced by using asymmetric output ports and the performance of this device has been enhanced by changing the phase within the region. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 108–111, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20222
Integrated‐circuit‐pressed ceramic‐package antenna
Authors: Zhang Y. P. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA novel integrated‐circuit‐pressed ceramic‐package antenna is proposed for the first time. The antenna is intended for use in the single‐chip solutions of wireless transceivers using deep submicron complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The prototype antenna printed on a dual‐in‐line integrated‐circuit‐pressed ceramic package is comparatively studied at 2.4 GHz with and without CMOS chip loading. The results show that CMOS chip loading greatly increases the impedance bandwidth, but slightly decreases the radiation efficiency of the antenna. The loaded antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 15.7% and a radiation efficiency of 64 ± 4%, which are sufficient for most applications. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 143–147, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20233
Hyperphosphorylation of pRb: a mechanism for RB tumour suppressor pathway inactivation in bladder cancer
Authors: Chatterjee Sunanda J , George Ben , Goebell Peter J , Alavi‐Tafreshi Mohammad , Shi Shan‐Rong , Fung Yuen Kai , Jones Peter A , Cordon‐Cardo Carlos , Datar Ram H , Cote Richard J 
Published: May 2004

AbstractLoss of heterozygosity, mutations or deletions of the RB1 gene usually result in loss of pRb expression, which has been regarded as an indicator of loss of pRb function in human tumours. It has previously been shown that in addition to loss of pRb expression, aberrantly high (pRb2+) pRb expression also indicates loss of pRb function in bladder tumours compared with moderate (normal, pRb1+) pRb expression. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism by which pRb is functionally inactivated in bladder tumours expressing aberrantly high levels of pRb. Constitutive phosphorylation was therefore investigated as a mechanism of pRb inactivation in bladder tumours. Of 28 bladder tumours examined, western blotting demonstrated pRb hyperphosphorylation in 5/7 (71%) pRb2+ bladder tumours compared with only 4/11 (36%) pRb1+ tumours (p = 0.002). All cases with undetectable pRb showed moderate to high p16 expression and none showed cyclin D1 expression by immunohistochemistry. All pRb1+ tumours with underphosphorylated pRb showed p16 but not cyclin D1 expression. All pRb2+ tumours with hyperphosphorylated pRb showed loss of p16 expression and/or cyclin D1 overexpression. Thus, elevated pRb expression was associated with pRb hyperphosphorylation, which, in turn, was associated with loss of p16 expression and/or increased cyclin D1 expression. In order to analyse this association in vitro, T24 cells, which express high levels of pRb, were transfected with p16 cDNA. Transfection with p16 cDNA resulted in a marked decrease in pRb phosphorylation, decreased cell proliferation, and a change in expression of pRb from high to moderate phenotype as assessed by immunohistochemistry. This paper gives the biological basis for constitutive alteration of pRb function in human tumours in the presence of an intact, expressed pRb protein; the mechanism of pRb inactivation is through hyperphosphorylation, which results from loss of p16 expression and/or cyclin D1 overexpression. Immunohistochemical expression of pRb appears to be a reliable indicator of pRb function. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ demonstration of CD40‐ and CD154‐positive cells in psoriatic lesions and keratinocyte production of chemokines by CD40 ligation in vitro
Authors: Pasch Marcel C , Timár Krisztina K , van Meurs Marjan , Heydendael Vera MR , Bos Jan D , Laman Jon D , Asghar Syed S 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIn psoriatic lesions, T cells and keratinocytes are in an activated state. Ligation of CD40 expressed on activated keratinocytes with CD154 expressed on activated T cells is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. However, the presence of CD40+ and CD154+ cells in psoriatic skin has not been thoroughly studied. The present study has therefore examined their presence by immunohistochemistry in the lesional and non‐lesional skin of ten patients. The influence of CD154–CD40 ligation on the release of chemokines (IL‐8, RANTES, and MCP‐1) and complement components (C3 and factor B) from keratinocytes was also investigated in vitro. Studies using single and double staining showed that clusters of CD40+ keratinocytes were present in both lesional and non‐lesional skin; CD40+CD1a+ Langerhans cells in lesional, non‐lesional, and normal skin; and numerous CD40+CD83+ cells in lesional skin. CD1a+ and CD83+ cells always expressed CD40 strongly. Numerous T cells were seen in lesional skin. A small number of T cells expressed CD154. CD154+ T cells were seen in the lesional epidermis of seven of ten patients—in six, in juxtaposition to CD40+ cells including keratinocytes. In non‐lesional epidermis, CD154+ T cells were seen in two patients—in one, in juxtaposition to CD40+ keratinocytes. In vitro studies showed that IFN‐γ‐treated keratinocytes released small amounts of IL‐8, RANTES, and MCP‐1; ligation of these cells with CD154‐transfected J558 cells or soluble CD154 greatly enhanced the release. This ligation did not enhance the release of C3 and factor B. These results warrant further studies on the role of CD40 ligation in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Another case of autosomal dominant exstrophy of the bladder
Authors: Froster U. G. , Heinritz W. , Bennek J. , Horn L. C. , Faber R. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractObjectiveExstrophy of the bladder is a rare malformation due to an anterior midline defect. Most cases of this condition with variable expression occur sporadically, but there are some cases indicative of a strong genetic component apart from environmental factors. This is a report about another rare mother–child pair with bladder exstrophy.MethodsWe present the clinical data of a familial case of bladder exstrophy with an affected mother and her equally affected male fetus.ResultsPrenatal diagnosis of bladder exstrophy in the fetus was assessed by ultrasound at the 19th gestational week and was confirmed after termination of pregnancy at the 21st gestational week.ConclusionThe present case may be additional evidence for an autosomal dominant inherited variant of this malformation complex with implication for counselling of affected patients. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solution and latex properties of model alkali‐soluble rheology modifiers, synthesized via the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer process, and the effects of the ethylene oxide chain length on the rheological properties
Authors: Sprong Ewan , De Wet‐Roos Deon , Tonge Matthew , Sanderson Ron 
Published: May 2004

AbstractModel alkali‐soluble rheology modifiers were synthesized through the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, and three different associative macromonomers containing 20, 50, and 100 ethylene oxide spacer units, respectively. The synthesized polymers showed well‐controlled molar masses and narrow molar mass distributions. The rheological properties of the model alkali‐soluble rheology modifiers were measured in alkali solutions and in the presence of a well‐characterized core–shell emulsion. The steady‐shear viscosity data for the emulsion solutions, thickened with the associative rheology modifiers, were described by the Carreau model. The rheology modifiers containing the macromonomers with the longest ethylene oxide spacer units produced the highest viscosity in the latex systems but the lowest viscosity in alkali solutions. The highest viscosities in alkali solutions were obtained for the rheology modifiers containing macromonomers with 50 ethylene oxide spacer units. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2502–2512, 2004
Setting reliability requirements based on minimum failure‐free operating periods
Authors: Todinov M. T. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA new reliability methodology and tools have been created for setting reliability requirements. At the heart of the new methodology are reliability requirements based on specified minimum failure‐free operating (MFFOP) intervals and a maximum acceptable level of the probability of premature failure. These types of requirements are suitable to industries where the consequences of failure and the cost of intervention for maintenance are very high (e.g. deepwater offshore oil and gas industries).The methodology proposed includes models and tools for: (i) setting reliability requirements to limit the risk of premature failure below an acceptable level; (ii) setting reliability requirements to minimize the total losses; and (iii) setting reliability requirements to guarantee a set of MFFOP intervals. An advantage of the MFFOP approach is that it directly links the reliability requirements with health, safety, environmental and business risks. Another advantage is that the MFFOP requirements are suitable for non‐constant hazard rates where the mean time to failure (MTTF) reliability measure is often misleading. A solution to the important problem of determining the maximum hazard rate that guarantees with a required probability the existence of a specified set of MFFOP intervals has also been found.The reliability tools proposed also permit the extraction of useful information from data sets containing a given number of random failures, in cases where the failure times are unknown. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unexpected observation of ion suppression in a liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometric bioanalytical method
Authors: Sangster Tim , Spence Mike , Sinclair Peta , Payne Richard , Smith Christopher 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIon suppression is a well‐known phenomenon in electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. These suppression effects have been shown to adversely affect the accuracy and precision of quantitative bioanalytical methods using ion spray. Such suppression effects have not been as well defined in atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and there is some debate whether these effects actually occur in the ionization process using APCI. Here an example is described where clear ion suppression was observed during studies on a model compound and three metabolites using APCI liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The shape of large Galton‐Watson trees with possibly infinite variance
Authors: Geiger Jochen , Kauffmann Lars 
Published: May 2004

AbstractLet T be a critical or subcritical Galton‐Watson family tree with possibly infinite variance. We are interested in the shape of T conditioned to have a large total number of vertices. For this purpose we study random trees whose conditional distribution given their size is the same as the respective conditional distribution of T. These random family trees have a simple probabilistic structure if decomposed along the lines of descent of a number of distinguished vertices chosen uniformly at random. The shape of the subtrees spanned by the selected vertices and the root depends essentially on the tail of the offspring distribution: While in the finite variance case the subtrees are asymptotically binary, other shapes do persist in the limit if the variance is infinite. In fact, we show that these subtrees are Galton‐Watson trees conditioned on their total number of leaves. The rescaled total size of the trees is shown to have a gamma limit law. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2004