bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Oswestry-Bristol Classification of Trochlear Dysplasia: Displays Reliability Only for Normal or Severe Dysplasia in the Skeletally Immature
Authors: Kanwat Himanshu , Kwaees Tariq Adam , Hampton Matthew , Ajuied Adil , Haslam Paul , Ali Fazal , Nicolaou Nicolas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Trochlear dysplasia (TD) is one of the several factors that predispose to recurrent instability and long-term morbidity. Subclassification can aid in risk stratification with surgery and comparing case-cohort outcomes. The inter- and intra-observer agreement of the Oswestry-Bristol Classification (OBC) for TD has previously been demonstrated in adults but not in children. We aim to assess the inter- and intra-observer reliability of the OBC in skeletally immature patients.

Methodology:
This was a retrospective review of magnetic resonance imaging scans performed in children presenting with patellofemoral instability or recurrent dislocation. A total of 34 scans were graded according to the OBC by seven orthopedic surgeons in two rounds 6 weeks apart. All reviewers were blinded and scans were randomized. The observations from both rounds were compared for inter- and intra-rater reliability.

Results:
First-round observations showed low–moderate agreement between raters (mean kappa = 0.39). Second-round observations showed moderate agreement (mean kappa = 0.42). However, subanalysis using S statistics found good reliability. There was no statistically significant difference between the two agreement values. Category-wise agreement was excellent for normal trochlea (OBC 1) and moderate to good for severe dysplasia (OBC 4). Reliability was low moderate to poor for mild (OBC 2) or moderate (OBC 3) dysplasia. Intra-observer reliability was good to excellent (mean kappa = 0.73).

Conclusion:
The OBC is reliable in categorizing a normal or severely dysplastic trochlear in skeletally immature children although it fails to adequately differentiate between mild and moderate dysplasia.
Safety of a Novel Capsular Closure Device in Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Turcotte Justin J. , Baxter Samantha N. , Brennan Jane C. , Johnson Andrea H. , Petre Benjamin M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The utilization of hip arthroscopy for the management of femoroacetabular impingement has increased. Capsular closure has been shown to maintain biomechanical stability postoperatively compared to unrepaired capsules. The novel Cap-Fix device (Smith and Nephew, Watford, UK) was developed to aid in capsular closure both by improving the placement of suture and decreasing the number of steps required for capsulotomy. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of the Cap-Fix device for use in capsulotomy and capsular repair following hip arthroscopy.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective review of 30 patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) with capsular repair using the Cap-Fix 45° or 70° Suture Passer was performed. The Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (HOOS JR) and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-Physical Function (PROMIS-PF) measures were used to evaluate patient-reported outcomes at the baseline and the follow-up intervals. Outcomes of interest included complications and patient-reported outcomes at 2-week, 6-week, and 3-month follow-up.

Results:
All patients completed 2- and 6-week follow-up, and 28 (93.3%) completed 3-month follow-up. Two patients experienced complications; one with pain requiring glucocorticoid injection at 6 weeks postoperatively, and another with a 12-mm capsular defect found on 3-month postoperative magnetic resonance imaging requiring repeat arthroscopic debridement, revision labral repair, and capsular plication. By 3 months postoperatively, statistically significant improvement in HOOS JR but not PROMIS-PF scores was seen.

Conclusion:
The Cap-Fix device appears to be safe for use in capsulotomy and subsequent capsular repair during hip arthroscopy for FAI.
Biomechanical Comparison of Banarji Knot with Various Sliding Locking Knots
Authors: Vinoth A. , Banarji B. H. , Shrivastava Anshul 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
The most essential part of arthroscopic shoulder surgery is tying a secure knot. A knot should be a low profile, nonbulky, and more stable construct. In the present research, we have compared the biomechanical performance of the new sliding locking knot-the Banarji knot, with two different sliding locking knots: The Samsung Medical Centre (SMC) Knot and the Weston Knot.

Methods:
Two samples of arthroscopic sliding locking knot, Banarji knot with three and five half hitches were taken. They were named Banarji Knots 1 and 2 in the study. The SMC Knot and Weston Knot were taken for comparison with the Banarji Knot. All knots were prepared with high-strength suture material fiber wire (Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA) and were tested in Bose Testing Machine to evaluate the load to failure of knots taken in the research. The statistical significance was determined using a P = 0.05.

Results:
The maximum load to failure was higher with the Banarji Knot, and it showed significantly better performance when compared with other knots taken in this study. The maximum load to failure in Banarji Knot 1 was 23% and 17% higher than SMC Knot and Weston groups, respectively, and that for Banarji Knot 2 was 29% and 22% higher than SMC and Weston groups, respectively.

Conclusion:
The Banarji knot is a low-profile, stronger, and stable knot. The biomechanical properties of the Banarji knot were better, and the load to failure was superior to SMC and Weston Knot.
Current Concepts on Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Ulrich Gary , Pandit Hemant 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) represents a treatment option to address knee pain deriving from either the medial or lateral compartment of the knee. Compared to total knee arthroplasty, UKA offers the advantages of preserving native bone stock, offering less surgical exposure and risks, and better restoring native knee kinematics. The UKA is a specialized procedure that has its best outcomes in the hands of an experienced surgeon who performs UKA repeatedly and with proper patient selection. In this review, we discuss current concepts for both medial UKA and lateral UKA with regard to indications, isolated knee compartment osteoarthritis clinical and radiographic work-up, surgical approaches, and patient outcomes, as well as analyzing the differences between fixed-bearing and mobile-bearing implant designs.
Efficacy of Jala neti in Primary Snoring - A Case Report
Authors: Mamidi Prasad , Gupta Kshama 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Primary snoring (PS) is also known as simple snoring or nonapnoeic snoring and it is a highly prevalent condition in the general population. PS is not associated with severe medical consequences, excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and obstructive sleep apnea. A strategy that is cost-effective, nonsurgical, nonpharmacological, alternative or indigenous in the management of PS is the need of the hour. The present case report deals with a patient diagnosed with PS and opted Yoga treatment for sustained and better relief in snoring. Jala Neti (saline nasal irrigation) is a commonly practiced Yoga procedure and one among Shatkarmas (six cleansing procedures). Jala Neti procedure has been selected to manage snoring in the present case. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and snoring symptoms inventory (SSI) have been used as treatment outcome measures to assess snoring. A total of 3 assessments have been taken at baseline, after 3 months (during this period, Jala Neti protocol was administered), and after 5 months (2 months after stopping Jala Neti) on VAS and SSI. The patient got good improvement in both VAS and SSI. Jala Neti is a simple and effective procedure in PS and it seems to be the best available alternative for those patients who are not willing or not suitable for intraoral devices and other surgical interventions. Further clinical trials are required with a large sample to substantiate the findings of the present case report.
Evaluation of Anterior Knee Pain in Recreational and Professional Athletes Using Kujala Anterior Knee Pain Scale in Middle-aged Indian Population
Authors: Tiwari Anjali , Sathe Abhinav , Sathe Prachi Khandekar , Kumar D. Vijay 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
Anterior knee pain (AKP) is the most common musculoskeletal complaint in all age groups. It is common in both recreational and professional athletes. The literature shows a lack of studies that focus on AKP in middle-aged population. The study aimed to evaluate the AKP using the Kujala AKP Scale (KAKPS) in middle-aged recreational and professional athletes.

Materials and Methods:
It was a cross-sectional study that evaluated AKP in middle-aged athletes, both recreational and professional, using the KAKPS. The study included 44 individuals (between 40 and 60 years of age), with an equal number in each group. The study was questionnaire based, for which a Google Form was created. The questionnaire included demographic data and the KAKPS, and it was distributed through digital platforms such as E-mail, WhatsApp, and Telegram. These individuals were both male and female recreational and professional athletes who had been involved in their respective sports for at least 3 years.

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 40.25. Based on responses given by the participants, we found that there was a significant difference found (P < 0.05) between Kujala AKP score in recreational (76.09 ± 12.88) and professional athletes (68.18 ± 17.57) indicating more pain in recreational as compared to professional athletes.

Conclusion:
We conclude that AKP is higher in recreational as compared to professional athletes.
Effectiveness of Ayurveda Remedies in the Management of Typhoid Fever
Authors: Varsakiya Jitendrakumar Nathabhai , Kathad Divyarani , Irshad Nazia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTyphoid fever is a systemic infection associated with fever that is most often caused bySalmonella typhi, which remains a serious problem in developing countries. Once the bacteria are ingested, it quickly multiplies within the stomach, liver, or gallbladder and finally enters the bloodstream, causing symptoms such as fever and headache. The national incidence of typhoid fever in India is 360 cases/100,000 person-years, with an annual estimate of 4.5 million cases and 8930 deaths, assuming a 0.2% case fatality rate. A 10-year-old girl patient visited our outpatient department with complaints of fatigue, anorexia, malaise, occipital headache, and loose stool. Examination and history lead to the diagnosis of typhoid confirmed by the Widal test and Typhi Dot (Immunoglobulin [Ig] G and IgM). This case was managed withBalachaturbhadra Churna3 g twice per day with lukewarm water after food andKumaryasava5 mL twice a day before food. It was given for 5 weeks, and follow-up period was 15 days with a weekly visit. From the result obtained, it can be concluded that therapy with this Ayurvedic combination of drugs showed significant relief in symptoms after 5 weeks of treatment. Ayurveda can be the choice of the ailment.
Jawbone quality classification in dental implant planning and placement studies. A scoping review
Authors: Palomino-Zorrilla Jerson Jimmy , Córdova-Limaylla Nancy Edith , Rosas-Díaz José C , Cayo-Rojas César F , Cervantes-Ganoza Luis A , Guerrero Maria E 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aim:
Cone beam computed tomography has become an attractive method for implant planning. However, in most cases, not all the information is taken advantage of and often the radiographic evaluation of bone quality is based on subjective assessment by the individual clinician. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine classifications of bone tissue characteristics and methods for assessing them in dental implant planning and placement studies.

Materials and Methods:
Three databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science) were searched using specific index terms: “Bone quality, bone quantity, bone density, cone-beam CT and cone-beam computed tomography”. Three reviewers selected titles and analyzed abstracts according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Some descriptions of bone tissue characteristics (bone quality, density, and quantity) used before or during dental implant placement were selected and categorized.

Results:
The search yielded 442 titles. A total of 32 articles were selected and read in full text. Seventeen articles were considered relevant. Different classification systems were found to evaluate bone tissue characteristics as well as different examination protocols. Thirteen publications included in this review reported on bone quality and quantity using the Lekholm and Zarb classification. However, only four studies implemented and/or proposed modifications of the Lekholm and Zarb system. Four other publications described bone quality according to different classification systems such as Misch, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), or Trisi and Rao. The assessment methods were often briefly described (or not described at all in one publication). Of the articles analyzed, five presented observer performance, whereas three presented diagnostic accuracy of the assessment method.

Conclusion:
Currently, there are different classification systems applied to dental implant planning and placement, particularly regarding whether bone quality or quantity affects treatment outcomes. However, most authors have not validated the diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility of the classification used. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a classification system consistent with characteristics of bone tissue, taking into consideration an adequate description of bone tissue assessment methods, their diagnostic accuracy, and observer performance.
Prenatal Diagnosis and Outcomes of Cervical Meningocele and Myelomeningocele
Authors: Chao An-Shine , Jhang Lan-Sin , Hsieh Peter Ching-Chang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Prenatal diagnosis of myelomeningocele remains challenging for obstetricians, ultrasonographers, and radiologists, although the increased maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein level aids in the confirmative diagnosis. Fetal cervical myelomeningocele and meningocele are very rare and unique types of myelomeningocele. Prenatal diagnosis of cervical myelomeningocele and meningocele should include the differential diagnosis and association of many intracranial and spino-skeletal pathogenetic variants and genetic diseases, including subependymal nodular heterotopia and Klippel–Feil syndrome. In this report, a comprehensive review of fetal cervical myelomeningocele with its prenatal diagnosis and long-term outcomes is presented.
Natural History and Management of Ultrasound-detected Small Renal Angiomyolipoma
Authors: Kobayashi Minoru , Yokoyama Megumi , Yuki Hideo , Kamai Takao 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Recent advances in imaging methods increased the incidental detection of small renal angiomyolipoma (AML). However, guidelines for managing small AML are lacking, and decisions about imaging frequency and timing of intervention are made on an individual basis. This study aims to investigate the clinical behavior of small sporadic AML and propose an optimal follow-up strategy.

Methods:
The study is a retrospective analysis of 168 individuals who had hyperechoic lesions, suggestive of AML detected during abdominal ultrasound as a part of their health checkup. The clinical information of the individuals, including tumor characteristics and renal function, was reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed to identify factors associated with tumor growth and renal function.

Results:
Most AMLs were small (≤20 mm) and did not exhibit malignant characteristics. The tumors showed a slow growth rate, with a mean growth rate of 0.24 mm/year. Only a small proportion of cases (1.2%) required intervention due to significant enlargement. Factors such as tumor size and gender were not significantly associated with tumor growth rate or renal function. However, younger patients showed a higher tumor growth rate and a more pronounced decline in renal function.

Conclusion:
Small sporadic AMLs have a slow growth rate and little risk of malignancy. Neither tumor size nor gender was predictive factors for tumor growth or renal function. Nevertheless, close monitoring of tumor growth and renal function is advised, particularly in younger patients. This study highlights the need for further research and guidelines to establish an optimal surveillance protocol for small AMLs.
Phenotype and genotype of 15 Saudi patients with achromatopsia: A case series
Authors: Danish Enam , Alhashem Amal , Aljehani Reham , Aljawi Anan , Aldarwish Manar M. , Al Mutairi Fuad , Alfadhel Majid , Alrifai Muhammad T. , Alobaisi Saif 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

PURPOSE:
Achromatopsia is a rare stationary retinal disorder that primarily affects the cone photoreceptors. Individuals with achromatopsia present with photophobia, nystagmus, reduced visual acuity (VA), and color blindness. Multiple genes responsible for achromatopsia have been identified (e.g. cyclic nucleotide-gated channel subunit alpha 3 [CNGA3] and activating transcription factor 6). Studies have assessed the role of gene therapy in achromatopsia. Therefore, for treatment and prevention, the identification of phenotypes and genotypes is crucial. Here, we described the clinical manifestations and genetic mutations associated with achromatopsia in patients from Saudi Arabia.

METHODS:
This case series study included 15 patients with clinical presentations, suggestive of achromatopsia, who underwent ophthalmological and systemic evaluations. Patients with typical achromatopsia phenotype underwent genetic evaluation using whole-exome testing.

RESULTS:
All patients had nystagmus (n = 15) and 93.3% had photophobia (n = 14). In addition, all patients (n = 15) had poor VA. Hyperopia with astigmatism was observed in 93.3% (n = 14) and complete color blindness in 93.3% of the patients (n = 14). In the context of family history, both parents of all patients (n = 15) were genetic carriers, with a high consanguinity rate (82%, n = 9 families). Electroretinography showed cone dysfunction with normal rods in 66.7% (n = 10) and both cone–rod dysfunction in 33.3% (n = 5) patients. Regarding the genotypic features, 93% of patients had variants in CNGA3 (n = 14) categorized as pathogenic Class 1 (86.7%, n = 13). Further, 66.7% (n = 10) of patients also harbored the c.661C>T DNA variant. Further, the patients were homozygous for these mutations. Three other variants were also identified: c.1768G>A (13.3%, n = 2), c.830G>A (6.6%, n = 1), and c. 822G >T (6.6%, n = 1).

CONCLUSION:
Consanguinity and belonging to the same tribe are major risk factors for disease inheritance. The most common genotype was CNGA3 with the c.661C>T DNA variant. We recommend raising awareness among families and providing genetic counseling for this highly debilitating disease.
Pediatric retinal vascular disorders: From translational sciences to clinical practice
Authors: Maitra Puja 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Pediatric retinal vascular diseases are a spectrum with overlapping phenotypes and related genes. Retinal vascular development is biphasic. Vasculogenesis is responsible for the formation of primordial vessels leading to the four major arcades in the posterior retina. Angiogenesis, which is vascular endothelial growth factor dependent, is responsible for the formation of new vessels through budding from existing vessels, forming the peripheral vessels, increasing the capillary density of the central retina, and forming the superficial and deep capillary plexus. This process is controlled by WNT signaling, which is important for cell proliferation, division, and migration. Disorders of WNT signaling, such as familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR), have overlapping clinical findings. Conversely, pathogenic variants in some of the FEVR-related genes are reported in conditions such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), persistent fetal vasculature, and Coats disease. The various overlapping features and underlying genetic basis in the pathogenesis of pediatric retinal vascular developmental diseases suggest that genetic variants may provide a framework or a background for these conditions, upon which further insults can affect the development at any phase (such as prematurity and oxygenation in ROP), influencing and determining the final phenotype.
ALGORITHMIC LITERACY: Generative Artificial Intelligence Technologies for Data Librarians
Authors: Semeler Alexandre , Pinto Adilson , Koltay Tibor , Dias Thiago , Oliveira Arthur , González José , Rozados Helen Beatriz Frota 
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION: Artificial intelligence (AI) is a novel type of library technology. AI technologies and the needs of data librarians are hybrid and symbiotic, because academic libraries must insert AI technologies into their information and data services. Library services need AI to interpret the context of big data.OBJECTIVES: In this context, we explore the use of the the OpenAI Codex, a deep learning model trained on Python code from repositories, to generate code scripts for data librarians. This investigation examines the practices, models, and methodologies for obtaining code script insights from complex code environments linked to AI GPT technologies. METHODS: The proposed AI-powered method aims to assist data librarians in creating code scripts using Python libraries and plugins such as the integrated development environment PyCharm, with additional support from the Machinet AI and Bito AI plugins. The process involves collaboration between the data librarian and the AI agent, with the librarian providing a natural language description of the programming problem and the OpenAI Codex generating the solution code in Python.RESULTS: Five specific web-scraping problems are presented. The scripts demonstrate how to extract data, calculate metrics, and write the results to files.CONCLUSION: Overall, this study highlights the application of AI in assisting data librarians with code script creation for web scraping tasks. AI may be a valuable resource for data librarians dealing with big data challenges on the Web. The possibility of creating Python code with AI is of great value, as AI technologies can help data librarians work with various types of data sources. The Python code in Data Science web scraping projects uses a machine-learning model that can generate human-like code to help create and improve the library service for extracting data from a web collection. The ability of nonprogramming data librarians to use AI technologies facilitates their interactions with all types and data sources. The Python programming language has artificial intelligence modules, packages, and plugins such as the OpenAI Codex, which serialises automation and navigation in web browsers to simulate human behaviour on pages by entering passwords, selecting captcha options, collecting data, and creating different collections of datasets to be viewed.