bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Routine use of cell salvage during cesarean section: A practice evaluation
Authors: Leeson Charlotte , Jones Molly , Odendaal Joshua , Choksey Falguni , Quenby Siobhan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionIntraoperative cell salvage is a well‐documented alternative to donor blood transfusion given the scarcity of donor blood pools and the incumbent risk of allogenic blood transfusion. Its use in obstetrics has been limited by concern over fetal alloimmunization due to the risk of fetomaternal hemorrhage. However, there are a paucity of studies reporting on outcome. The aim of this study was to report on a four‐year experience of routine use of intraoperative cell salvage and the impact on subsequent pregnancy outcomes.Material and methodsThis was a tertiary center retrospective service evaluation cohort study and included all women undergoing cesarean section between December 2014 and November 2018 in a tertiary obstetric unit, identifying women who had reinfusion of intraoperative cell salvage. Data regarding index pregnancy as well as subsequent pregnancies at the hospital were extracted from hospital electronic records. Subsequent pregnancy outcome and maternal antibody status in that pregnancy were collected up until November 2022.ResultsDuring the study period, 6656 cesarean sections were performed, with 436 (6.6%) receiving reinfusion of salvaged blood. The mean volume of reinfused blood was 396 mL. A total of 49 (0.7%) women received donor blood transfusion. Of those who received reinfusion of salvaged blood, 79 (18.1%) women had subsequent pregnancies over the eight‐year follow‐up period. There was one case (0.23%) of fetal cell alloimmunization demonstrated by the presence of anti‐D antibodies on the subsequent pregnancy booking bloods.ConclusionsRoutine intraoperative cell salvage may be used to reduce the need for blood transfusion during cesarean section. The risk of fetal cell alloimmunization in a future pregnancy following reinfusion of intraoperative cell salvage is one in 436. Given an apparent small risk of fetal cell alloimmunization, further work is required to establish the safety profile of intraoperative cell salvage in pregnancy.
Comparison of plant extract‐derived nano‐zinc particles with different zinc sources and effects of different Zn sources on egg yield and quality traits
Authors: Ülger İsmail , Mahmood Saif Shakir 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the zinc (Zn) nanoparticles obtained from plant extracts with different zinc sources and to reveal the effects of different Zn sources on growth performance, egg quality traits and blood serum parameters of laying quail. Treatment groups as follows: control and 3 and 6 mg/kg inorganic, organic, and plant extract‐derived nano‐Zn particles to quail diet supplementation. Animals were fed on experimental diets for 6 weeks. Different Zn sources supplemented into quail diets did not significantly affect live weights (P > 0.05). On the other hand, different Zn sources increased egg yields (P < 0.05). Plant extract‐derived nano‐Zn supplementations into quail diets increased feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, and egg weights (P < 0.05). However, 6 mg/kg plant extract‐derived nano‐Zn supplementations reduced egg weights. Different Zn sources did not have any significant effects on egg yolk weight (g) and egg yolk color L*b* values (P > 0.05). For blood serum parameters, 6 mg/kg plant extract‐derived nano‐Zn supplementations increased blood serum AST, ALT, and Zn values (P < 0.05). No adverse effect was observed on the measured values in laying Japanese quails. The findings suggest that plant extract‐derived nano‐Zn particles could reliably be used in quail feeding.
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disorders: An overview
Authors: Misu Tatsuro , Matsumoto Yuki , Kaneko Kimihiko , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Takai Yoshiki , Ono Hirohiko , Namatame Chihiro , Nishiyama Shuhei , Fujimori Juichi , Kuroda Hiroshi , Nakashima Ichiro , Fujihara Kazuo , Aoki Masashi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn recent years, there is growing evidence of associations between antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and several phenotypes of acute inflammatory demyelinating diseases such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), optic neuritis, brainstem, and cerebral cortical encephalitis, called MOG antibody associated disorders (MOGAD). Monophasic course is known in about half of cases especially in pediatric onset ADEM and optic neuritis, mainly in cases with transient positivity of MOG antibody. Pathological features of MOGAD are considered as acute demyelinating lesions with CD4 dominant cell infiltrations, the deposition of humoral immunity, perivascular inflammation and perivenous demyelination, which is distinct from multiple sclerosis. Now the diagnosis of MOGAD is based on the international panel criteria of MOGAD launched in 2023, which the diagnostic frameworks are three parts, including MOGAD‐specific clinical features, MOG antibody positivity, and the exclusion of other diseases. The prognosis of MOGAD patients is considered relatively mild, but the problem is refractory relapsing cases. For its prevention, there are no approved drugs, but oral tapering corticosteroids, immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and mycophenolic mofetil, rituximab, and the maintenance intravenous immunoglobulin are recommended, and now there are a few clinical trials of promising biological drugs already approved in other neurological disorders.
Effect of microstructure and local stress on small crack initiation and propagation paths in coarse‐grained FeCrAl alloys
Authors: Zhan Min , Liu Chang , Dai Yajun , Wang Xiangyu , Chen Yao , Liu Yongjie , Wang Chong , Li Lang , Wang Qingyuan , He Chao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the high cycle fatigue crack initiation and propagation behaviors in coarse‐grained FeCrAl alloys, with a focus on the relationship between the path of small cracks and the local microstructure. The results show that the small cracks initiate along the {100} slip plane due to the synthetical influence of local microstructure and shear stress. The initiation zone forms inclined areas with layered fine‐grain areas caused by cyclic shear stress. Quantitative analysis of the stress intensity factor (SIF) indicates that in the realm of mixed‐mode loading, the SIF of Mode I takes the lead in determining the intensity of stress and strain fields at the crack tip. As the crack propagates further, the SIF steadily increases. Once it reaches a specific threshold, the propagation mode within a coarse grain shifts from Mode II to Mode I. Moreover, fatigue life increases with a tendency for decreased SIF during crack deflection.
Fatigue strength evaluation of case‐hardened components combining heat‐treatment simulation and probabilistic approaches
Authors: Iss Valérian , Meis Jean‐André , Rajaei Ali , Hallstedt Bengt , Broeckmann Christoph 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn order to raise the hardness and strength of the surface layer of mechanical components and induce favorable residual compressive stresses, case‐hardening procedures have become established in the heat treatment of steel. In this work, a calculation concept for the fatigue strength of components that have been case‐hardened through carburizing heat treatment is being developed. The residual stress and the load stresses in complex‐shaped, carburized materials are determined using a finite element (FE) model. The fatigue limit of the components is derived using probabilistic methods and taking into account hardness gradients, residual stresses, and non‐metallic inclusions. The model is validated with available axial bending fatigue test data and then used to predict the rotating bending fatigue limit of samples with various geometries and heat‐treatment conditions. This work demonstrates the capability of combining probabilistic and FE‐based modeling to represent complex interactions between variables that affect the fatigue of heat‐treated components, such as steel cleanliness, notch shape, case‐hardening depth, or loading conditions.
Pollution matters: The political cost of information disclosure
Authors: Chen Xing , Shen Xiaoxiao , Zhuge Andong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study firstly examines the causal effect of environmental information disclosure on political trust and then provides a novel psychological mechanism through which the effect occurred. Exploiting the staggered rolled‐out implementation of a national program in China that provides real‐time air‐pollution information to the public, we find that air pollution adversely moderates the positive effect of information disclosure on political trust. Notably and surprisingly, this “adverse moderation” is concentrated in less polluted areas, where the lack of visible smog led citizens to remain unaware of the actual pollution levels until information is disclosed. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the adverse moderation is more pronounced among urban residents using Internet, an important source for pollution information. Furthermore, we establish that the causal effect operates through the channels of citizens' mental well‐being, demonstrated by a large and statistically significant increase in the risk of mild depression due to heightened concern over pollution.
Validity and reliability of artificial intelligence chatbots as public sources of information on endodontics
Authors: Mohammad‐Rahimi Hossein , Ourang Seyed AmirHossein , Pourhoseingholi Mohamad Amin , Dianat Omid , Dummer Paul Michael Howell , Nosrat Ali 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate and compare the validity and reliability of responses provided by GPT‐3.5, Google Bard, and Bing to frequently asked questions (FAQs) in the field of endodontics.MethodologyFAQs were formulated by expert endodontists (n = 10) and collected through GPT‐3.5 queries (n = 10), with every question posed to each chatbot three times. Responses (N = 180) were independently evaluated by two board‐certified endodontists using a modified Global Quality Score (GQS) on a 5‐point Likert scale (5: strongly agree; 4: agree; 3: neutral; 2: disagree; 1: strongly disagree). Disagreements on scoring were resolved through evidence‐based discussions. The validity of responses was analysed by categorizing scores into valid or invalid at two thresholds: The low threshold was set at score ≥4 for all three responses whilst the high threshold was set at score 5 for all three responses. Fisher's exact test was conducted to compare the validity of responses between chatbots. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to assess the reliability by assessing the consistency of repeated responses for each chatbot.ResultsAll three chatbots provided answers to all questions. Using the low‐threshold validity test (GPT‐3.5: 95%; Google Bard: 85%; Bing: 75%), there was no significant difference between the platforms (p > .05). When using the high‐threshold validity test, the chatbot scores were substantially lower (GPT‐3.5: 60%; Google Bard: 15%; Bing: 15%). The validity of GPT‐3.5 responses was significantly higher than Google Bard and Bing (p = .008). All three chatbots achieved an acceptable level of reliability (Cronbach's alpha >0.7).ConclusionsGPT‐3.5 provided more credible information on topics related to endodontics compared to Google Bard and Bing.
Extraction of flavonoids from durian (Durio zibethinus) fruit rinds and evaluation of their antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer properties
Authors: Tran Hoai Khang , Nguyen Ngoc Phuong Nghi , Nguyen Thuy Thuy Trang , Nguyen Kim Ngan , Do Bao Duy , Nguyen Thi Van An , Tran Anh Kiet , Nguyen Thi Kim Chi , Ho Quang Tien , Truong Dieu‐Hien , Barrow Colin J. , Nguyen Hoang Chinh 
Published: December 2023

SummaryDurian (Durio zibethinus) fruit rinds are a promising source of bioactive phytochemicals, but they are currently wasted. This study optimised extraction conditions for flavonoids from durian fruit rinds and evaluated the biological activities of the flavonoid‐rich extracts. The highest flavonoid content of 82.17 mg QE g−1 extract was achieved when performing the extraction at 60 °C using 75% ethanol and maceration time of 24 h. The crude ethanolic extract was then fractionated using liquid–liquid extraction to obtain three fractions (CHF, EAF and AQF). Among them, CHF demonstrated the highest amount of flavonoids (271.11 mg QE g−1 extract) and quercetin (1006.19 μg g−1 extract). This fraction also exhibited the highest ferric reducing power (IC50 of 307.88 μg vitamin C g−1), DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 of 38.72 μg mL−1), α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 of 685.76 μg mL−1 and 441.10 μg mL−1, respectively) and cytotoxicity against HepG‐2 and MCF‐7 cells with IC50 values of 490.30 μg mL−1 and 343.38 μg mL−1 respectively. The current work suggested that durian fruit rinds are a potential source of flavonoids and the CHF could be further used for pharmaceutical applications.
Elucidating photoluminescent properties of Eu‐doped Ca–Al–Si–O(–N) glasses and the local structures of Eu ions
Authors: Segawa Hiroyo , Wójcik Natalia A. , Takahashi Kohsei , Takeda Takashi , Ali Sharafat 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEuropium (Eu) ion–doped luminescent materials have attracted considerable attention for their numerous optical applications. Eu‐doped Ca–Al–Si–O(–N) glasses were synthesized from a mixture of oxynitride glasses and Eu2O3 powder using a standard melt‐quenching technique in a radiofrequency furnace. The source Eu trivalent ions primarily changed to Eu2+ during melting, and the ratio of Eu2+ ions increased with an increase in Eu content in the starting mixture. All the prepared glasses exhibited photoluminescence (PL) owing to the 5d–4f transition of Eu2+ ions. The absorption edge and PL wavelength shifted to longer wavelength with an increase in Eu content. Moreover, oxynitride glasses exhibited a longer wavelength than those of oxide glasses. The internal quantum efficiency (IQE) increased with the increase in Eu content until it reached a maximum. X‐ray absorption structure and electron spin resonance spectroscopies were used to determine the local structure of Eu ions, which confirmed that changes in the local structure of Eu ions were responsible for the shift in PL peak and the change in IQE. The development of the Eu‐doped Ca–Al–Si–O–N glasses is highly inspiring for transparent phosphors.
Examination of gender‐based video game‐playing classes: Influencing determinants and relations to academic achievement
Authors: BAŞARAN Bülent , ŞİMŞEK Ömer 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundTheir ubiquity is particularly notable as video games become increasingly intertwined with the technological revolution. Despite this prominence, gender disparities in adolescent video gaming remain under‐explored.ObjectivesThis research aims to determine the frequency classes of video game playing based on gender, analyse the variables (age of first digital device/internet use, weekday/weekend internet frequency in and out of school, economic, social, and cultural status) that might influence assignment to these classes, and reveal the differences in PISA scores among these classes.MethodsOur study utilises multiple group latent class analysis and multinomial logistic regression to investigate the video gaming frequencies of 6890 Turkish students (49.1% female, 50.9% male) from the PISA‐2018 exam. A three‐step multiple logistic regression was employed to identify the effect of the variables on assignment probabilities. Also, the multivariate Delta method tested mean differences between classes for PISA scores.Results and ConclusionsThis study classifies Turkish students from PISA 2018 into four video gaming preference frequency classes (frequent, regular, casual, and non‐video game players) based on gender. Our study reveals that frequent male gamers begin using digital devices and the internet earlier than their female counterparts, spending more time gaming outside school. Notably, the frequency of video game play, which varies by gender, was found to have a significant effect on academic achievement.
Environmentally adaptive reshaping of plant photomorphogenesis by karrikin and strigolactone signaling
Authors: Park Young‐Joon , Nam Bo Eun , Park Chung‐Mo 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTCoordinated morphogenic adaptation of growing plants is critical for their survival and propagation under fluctuating environments. Plant morphogenic responses to light and warm temperatures, termed photomorphogenesis and thermomorphogenesis, respectively, have been extensively studied in recent decades. During photomorphogenesis, plants actively reshape their growth and developmental patterns to cope with changes in light regimes. Accordingly, photomorphogenesis is closely associated with diverse growth hormonal cues. Notably, accumulating evidence indicates that light‐directed morphogenesis is profoundly affected by two recently identified phytochemicals, karrikins (KARs) and strigolactones (SLs). KARs and SLs are structurally related butenolides acting as signaling molecules during a variety of developmental steps, including seed germination. Their receptors and signaling mediators have been identified, and associated working mechanisms have been explored using gene‐deficient mutants in various plant species. Of particular interest is that the KAR and SL signaling pathways play important roles in environmental responses, among which their linkages with photomorphogenesis are most comprehensively studied during seedling establishment. In this review, we focus on how the phytochemical and light signals converge on the optimization of morphogenic fitness. We also discuss molecular mechanisms underlying the signaling crosstalks with an aim of developing potential ways to improve crop productivity under climate changes.
MicroRNA‐126 in dogs with immune complex‐mediated glomerulonephritis
Authors: Cherry Ariana D. , Chu Candice P. , Cianciolo Rachel E. , Hokamp Jessica A. , Jacobson Sarah A. , Nabity Mary B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundMost proteinuric dogs with naturally occurring chronic kidney disease have amyloidosis (AMYL), glomerulosclerosis (GS), or immune complex‐mediated glomerulonephritis (ICGN), each with different treatment and prognosis. A noninvasive and disease‐specific biomarker is lacking.HypothesisWe hypothesized that the expression pattern of biofluid microRNA (miRNAs and miRs) would correlate with disease progression and categorization.AnimalsArchived serum and urine samples from 18 dogs with glomerular disease and 6 clinically healthy dogs; archived urine samples from 49 dogs with glomerular disease and 13 clinically healthy dogs.MethodsRetrospective study. Archived biofluid samples from adult dogs with biopsy‐confirmed glomerular disease submitted to the International Veterinary Renal Pathology Service between 2008 and 2016 were selected. Serum and urinary miRNAs were isolated and profiled using RNA sequencing. Urinary miR‐126, miR‐21, miR‐182, and miR‐486 were quantified using quantitative reverse transcription PCR.ResultsWhen comparing more advanced disease with earlier disease, no serum miRNAs were differentially expressed, but urinary miR‐21 and miR‐182 were 1.63 (95% CI: .86‐3.1) and 1.45 (95% CI: .82‐2.6) times higher in azotemic dogs, respectively (adjusted P < .05) and weakly correlated with tubulointerstitial fibrosis (miR‐21: r = .32, P = .03; miR‐182: r = .28, P = .05). Expression of urinary miR‐126 was 10.5 (95% CI: 4.1‐26.7), 28.9 (95% CI: 10.5‐79.8), and 126.2 (95% CI: 44.7‐356.3) times higher in dogs with ICGN compared with dogs with GS, AMYL, and healthy controls, respectively (P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe miR‐126 could help identify dogs that might benefit from immunosuppressive therapy in the absence of a biopsy. MiR‐21 and miR‐182 are potential markers of disease severity and fibrosis.
SPL16 and SPL23 mediate photoperiodic control of seasonal growth in Populus trees
Authors: Wei Hongbin , Luo Mengting , Deng Jiao , Xiao Yue , Yan Huiting , Liu Huajie , Li Yi , Song Qin , Xiao Xingyue , Shen Junlong , Kong Hanying , Sun Fan , Luo Keming 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Perennial trees in boreal and temperate regions undergo growth cessation and bud set under short photoperiods, which are regulated by phytochrome B (phyB) photoreceptors and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 8 (PIF8) proteins. However, the direct signaling components downstream of the phyB‐PIF8 module remain unclear.
We found that short photoperiods suppressed the expression of miR156, while upregulated the expression of miR156‐targeted SQUAMOSA‐PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN‐LIKE 16 (SPL16) and SPL23 in leaves and shoot apices of Populus trees. Accordingly, either overexpression of MIR156a/c or mutagenesis of SPL16/23 resulted in the attenuation of growth cessation and bud set under short days (SD), whereas overexpression of SPL16 and SPL23 conferred early growth cessation.
We further showed that SPL16 and SPL23 directly suppressed FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2) expression while promoted BRANCHED1 (BRC1.1 and BRC1.2) expression. Moreover, we revealed that PIF8.1/8.2, positive regulators of growth cessation, directly bound to promoters of MIR156a and MIR156c and inhibited their expression to modulate downstream pathways.
Our results reveal a connection between the phyB‐PIF8 module‐mediated photoperiod perception and the miR156‐SPL16/23‐FT2/BRC1 regulatory cascades in SD‐induced growth cessation. Our study provides insights into the rewiring of a conserved miR156‐SPL module in the regulation of seasonal growth in Populus trees.
Macroscopic fossils from the Chuanlinggou Formation of North China: evidence for an earlier origin of multicellular algae in the late Palaeoproterozoic
Authors: Liu Jingqi , Zhang Yang , Shi Xiaoying , Chen Anfeng , Tang Dongjie , Yang Tinglu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMulticellular algae are the core topic for understanding the early life evolution on Earth. The timing of origin and cellular differentiation of multicellular algae, however, remains poorly constrained. The Palaeoproterozoic to early Mesoproterozoic is a critical period during which multicellular algae began to occur and evolve in marine environments. This paper reports well‐preserved multicellular fossils from shales of the Chuanlinggou Formation (c. 1.64 Ga) in North China, with emphasis on their holdfast and putative cellular structures. These macroalgal fossils are reasonably diversified and includeChuaria circularis,Tawuia sinensis,Tawuia robusta,Glossophyton ovalis,Glossophytonsp.,Tuanshanziasp. and Changchengiasp.; mainly preserved as carbonaceous compressions, with a few sideritized forms. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) observation revealed multicellular structures inChuaria, confirming its biological attributes of a multicellular eukaryote and providing direct evidence that multicellular algae had already originated by the terminal Palaeoproterozoic, earlier than previously speculated.Tuanshanziasp. andChangchengiasp. developed with a bare rhizome holdfast, suggesting that they had a benthic sessile lifestyle in their late Palaeoproterozoic oceanic habitat.