bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Production Strategy on Production Forecasting, Energy Demand, and Carbon Emissions: Typical Case Study of the Brazilian Presalt
Authors: Hohendorff Filho J. C. V. , Bannwart A. C. , Estevam V. , Castro M. S. , Schiozer D. J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study evaluates how the production strategy influences the main decision-making indicators in the development of the production of a Brazilian presalt field, considering reservoir and production system models integrated into a single simulation. The general methodology involves the evaluation of alternative production strategies for a case study related to a production development project, from the point of view of reservoirs for the water injection recovery mechanism. Variables with a focus on the reservoir, production, and primary processing of fluids are included. Sensitivity analyses based on the methodology of the response surface of parameters and variables are performed in relation to oil recovery, financial return, energy demand, and carbon emission. Production and fluid injection curves are compared. The integrated modeling (reservoir, well, and processing) was important to evaluate the impact of the selection of the design and management variables of the integrated production strategy, showing the interdependence between the simulated models. The first-order analysis of the uncertain reservoir parameters observed a significant impact on the indicators of field recovery (up to 11%) and financial return (up to 13%), and a lower impact on energy demand (up to 7%), carbon emissions (up to 6%), and oil production per CO2 emitted (up to 4%). The design and management variables of the field (platform capacity, number of producer and injector wells, separation operating pressure, and maintenance pressure in the reservoir), including those related to the production system (platform process plant alternatives for gas recycling, gas turbine-driven compressors, primary separator operating pressure, and production control of the wells to limit CO2 emission) have a significant impact on the indicators of financial return (up to 10% without CO2 emission tax rate, up to 12% with emission tax rate), energy demand (up to 17%), carbon emissions (up to 15%), and oil production per CO2 emitted (up to 15%), with less impact on field recovery (up to 11%). The study quantifies the impact of production strategy variables in an integrated way, especially those related to the production system. This assessment is important for production forecasting and decision-making support on energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions from oil and gas production and processing.
GlnA3

Mt

is able to glutamylate spermine but it is not essential for the detoxification of spermine in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Krysenko Sergii , Emani Carine Sao , Bäuerle Moritz , Oswald Maria , Kulik Andreas , Meyners Christian , Hillemann Doris , Merker Matthias , Prosser Gareth , Wohlers Inken , Hausch Felix , Brötz-Oesterhelt Heike , Mitulski Agnieszka , Reiling Norbert , Wohlleben Wolfgang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
is well adapted to survive and persist in the infected host, escaping the host’s immune response. Since polyamines such as spermine, which are synthesized by infected macrophages, are able to inhibit the growth of
M. tuberculosis
, the pathogen needs strategies to cope with these toxic metabolites. The actinomycete
Streptomyces coelicolor
, a close relative of
M. tuberculosis,
makes use of a gamma-glutamylation pathway to functionally neutralize spermine. We therefore considered whether a similar pathway would be functional in
M. tuberculosis
. In the current study, we demonstrated that
M. tuberculosis
growth was inhibited by the polyamine spermine. Using
in vitro
enzymatic assays we determined that GlnA3

Mt

(Rv1878) possesses genuine gamma-glutamylspermine synthetase catalytic activity. We further showed that purified His-Strep-GlnA3

Mt
,

as well as native GlnA3

Mt
,

prefer spermine as a substrate over putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, or other monoamines and amino acids, suggesting that GlnA3

Mt

may play a specific role in the detoxification of the polyamine spermine. However, the deletion of the
glnA3
gene in
M. tuberculosis
did not result in growth inhibition or enhanced sensitivity of
M. tuberculosis
in the presence of high spermine concentrations. Gene expression analysis of spermine-treated
M. tuberculosis
revealed no difference in the level of

glnA3
Mt

expression relative to untreated cells, whereas a gene encoding a previously characterized efflux pump (Mmr;
rv3065
) was significantly upregulated. This suggests that bacterial survival under elevated spermine concentrations can not only be achieved by detoxification of spermine itself but also by mechanisms resulting in decreased spermine levels in the bacteria.

IMPORTANCE

Upon
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection macrophages synthesize the polyamine spermine, which at elevated concentrations is toxic for
M. tuberculosis
. Based on our investigations of spermine resistance in the closely related actinomycete
Streptomyces coelicolor
, we hypothesized that the glutamylspermine synthetase GlnA3 may be responsible for the resistance of
M. tuberculosis
against toxic spermine. Here we show that GlnA3

Mt

can indeed covalently modify spermine via glutamylation. However, GlnA3

Mt

is probably not the only resistance mechanism since a
glnA3
null mutant of
M. tuberculosis
can survive under spermine stress. Gene expression studies suggest that an efflux pump may participate in resistance. Thus a combination of GlnA3

Mt

and specific efflux pumps acting as putative spermine transporters may constitute an active spermine-detoxification system in
M. tuberculosis
.
Risk factors for visual loss after excision of orbital cavernous venous malformations: a systematic review
Authors: Pietris James , Quigley Clare , Psaltis Alkis James , Rose Geoffrey E , Selva Dinesh 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundOrbital cavernous venous malformations (OCVMs) are the most common primary orbital mass lesion and presenting symptoms are usually secondary to a mass effect. Surgical excision presents unique challenges and vision loss is a rare, but devastating, complication. This review aims to identify risk factors for vision loss with excision of OCVMs.MethodA systematic search of the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL was performed to May 2024, prior to data collection and risk of bias analysis in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. 16 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria.ResultsThese studies identified apical location and strong adherence to apical structures, including the optic nerve, as characteristics carrying a higher risk of postoperative vision loss. Symptoms and signs with a poor visual prognosis included preoperative visual loss, relative afferent pupillary defect, optic disc abnormality and choroidal folds. Intraoperative risk factors include prolonged vascular handling and traction on the optic nerve, as well as low intraoperative diastolic blood pressure. Central retinal artery occlusion was the most common cause of vision loss.ConclusionThere are several risk factors for poor visual outcome after excision of OCVMs. Surgical and anaesthetic teams should remain cognisant of these factors, and be willing to adapt their intraoperative management as required. Further large-scale prospective studies might aid the development of management guidelines.
Comparative efficacy and safety of stent retrievers as a bailout strategy following failed contact aspiration technique in acute stroke thrombectomy
Authors: Ezzeldin Mohamad , Hukamdad Mishaal , Abo Kasem Rahim , Ezzeldin Rime , Maier Ilko , Rai Ansaar T , Jabbour Pascal , Kim Joon-Tae , Howard Brian M , Alawieh Ali , Wolfe Stacey Q , Starke Robert M , Psychogios Marios-Nikos , Shaban Amir , Goyal Nitin , Dye Justin , Alaraj Ali , Yoshimura Shinichi , Fiorella David , Tanweer Omar , Romano Daniele G , Navia Pedro , Cuellar Hugo , Fragata Isabel , Polifka Adam , Mascitelli Justin R , Osbun Joshua W , Siddiqui Fazeel , Moss Mark , Limaye Kaustubh , Mokin Maxim , Matouk Charles , Park Min S , Brinjikji Waleed , Daglioglu Ergun , Williamson Richard , Altschul David J , Ogilvy Christopher S , Crosa Roberto Javier , Levitt Michael R , Gory Benjamin , Grandhi Ramesh , Paul Alexandra R , Kan Peter , Casagrande Walter , Chowdhry Shakeel A , Stiefel Michael F , Chaubal Varun , Spiotta Alejandro M 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThe contact aspiration (CA) technique is often used to perform endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS); however, rescue strategies are necessary if CA fails to achieve recanalization. This study investigates the outcomes of incorporating stent retriever (SR) thrombectomy in the rescue strategy following failed CA.MethodsEVT patients with failed CA attempts were identified from a large multicenter registry and stratified by rescue technique: CA alone or incorporating SR in the rescue strategy. Outcomes included successful recanalization, 90-day functional outcomes (defined by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and 90-day mortality.ResultsAmong 1885 patients with failed CA attempts, conversion to SR was associated with higher recanalization rates (85.2% vs 80.6%; p=0.03), higher rates of second-pass recanalization (31.2% vs 23.4%; p<0.001), and better 90-day outcomes (mRS 0–2: 35.2% vs 29.9%; p=0.04) when compared with repeated CA attempts. Trevo SRs showed higher odds of successful recanalization (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.9; p=0.02), second-pass recanalization (aOR=1.7; p=0.01), and reduced odds of sICH (aOR=0.3; p=0.02). EmboTrap SRs were associated with higher odds of 90-day mortality (aOR=2.6; p=0.004) and sICH (aOR=2.9; p=0.04) and lower odds of recanalization (aOR=0.5; p=0.03).ConclusionsIncorporating SR in the rescue strategy after a failed CA improves recanalization rates and functional outcomes. Trevo SRs demonstrated superior efficacy and safety when incorporated into the rescue strategy.
A Hepatic Oxidative Metabolite of Palmatine Ameliorates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating Macrophage Polarization Through AMPK/NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Huang Qi-Ting , Ma Xing-Dong , Zhang Jia-Na , Lin Wei-Xiong , Shen Xue-Xia , Huang Zhuo-Wen , Zhang Xia , Wu Xiao-Yan , Dou Yao-Xing , Su Zi-Ren , Su Ji-Yan , Li Yu-Cui , Liu Yu-Hong , Xie You-Liang , Lin Rong-Feng , Huang Hai-Yang , Zhang Qi-Hui , Huang Xiao-Qi 
Published: January 2025

Palmatine (PAL) and berberine are both classified as protoberberine alkaloids, derived from several traditional Chinese herbs such as Coptis chinensis Franch. and Phellodendron chinense Schneid. These compounds are extensively used in treating dysentery and colitis. PAL is one of the crucial quality markers for these plants in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. A key metabolite of PAL, 8-Oxypalmatine (OPAL), shows favorable anti-inflammatory activity and better safety compared to PAL, though its mechanisms in ulcerative colitis (UC) are not fully understood. This study used a dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis mouse model to explore OPAL’s effects. The results indicated that OPAL provided superior therapeutic effects to those of PAL, alleviating colitis symptoms and reducing colon inflammation by modulating pro-inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6) and anti-inflammatory (transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-10) cytokines. Additionally, OPAL helped rebuild the mucus barrier and upregulated tight junction proteins, thereby restoring intestinal integrity. Notably, OPAL inhibited the M1 macrophages infiltration while promoting M2 macrophage distribution in the colon. Its role in fostering M2 polarization and modulating the inflammatory cytokine profile was further confirmed in vitro. Importantly, the anti-inflammatory effects were primarily linked to AMP-activated protein kinase activation, which subsequently inhibited the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. These findings highlight OPAL as a crucial active metabolite responsible for the therapeutic effects of PAL against UC, emphasizing its potential as a novel treatment for this condition.
Distribution and Accessibility of Residential Aged Care Facilities Concerning Socioeconomic Indicators and Geographic Remoteness in Australia
Authors: Alrewaithi Amal Musleh , Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc 
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study examined the distribution of residential aged care facilities in relation to the aged population and socioeconomic profile at the smallest geographical unit in Australia’s metropolitan areas, regional centers, and large rural towns.Methods: An observational study was designed using the most recent open‐source data from the Australian government. The aged population data and RACF locations were aggregated by SA1, remoteness, and socioeconomic profile, which were defined using the modified Monash model (MMM) and the index of relative socioeconomic disadvantage (IRSD). Remoteness was categorized into metropolitan areas, regional centers, and large rural towns, while socioeconomic factors were analyzed based on IRSD 10 deciles. The study utilized a Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) to perform the analysis and mapping of RACF distribution and accessibility. All collected data files were overlaid and linked using the join function in QGIS for comprehensive analysis at the Statistical area level 1 (SA1). Centroids were calculated for each SA1 to represent the geographical center of the area. The buffer function was performed to determine the proportion of the aged population residing within the specified distance thresholds of 2.5 km, 5 km, and over a 5 km radius from these facilities.Results: Geographic disparities: The findings indicate shortages of RACF places’ availability, with only 5% of the older population living in metropolitan and large rural towns having access to such places. The number drops to 4% for those living in regional centers. The majority of older metropolitan residents reside within a 5 km radius of RACFs, compared to large rural areas (14%) and regional centers (23%), where the elders reside over the study distance threshold. The shortage of available places and the travel distances to these services may lead older adults who cannot live independently to seek alternative aged care services or remain at home. This might result in inadequate health services tailored to their specific needs which may contribute to poor health outcomes, increased in emergency room presentations, and unplanned hospital admissions.Socioeconomic Disparities: The distribution of RACFs varied significantly across different socioeconomic profiles in favor of people with a lower socioeconomic background across the study, measured using the IRSD. Area.Conclusion: Urgent policy interventions are needed to expand RACFs’ capacity and to establish new facilities in areas with the greatest need. The aged health system needs increased funding, improved workforce conditions, and equitable resource allocation to create a sustainable aged care system with a high‐end quality of care.
A Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing Chemomechanical (Carie‐Care™) Versus Conventional Caries Removal for Atraumatic Restorative Treatment
Authors: Gupta Saloni , Pentapati Kalyana Chakravarthy , Acharya Shashidhar 
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical effectiveness of chemomechanical caries removal (CMCR) using Carie‐Care™ versus conventional caries removal for atraumatic restorative treatment (ART).Methods: The study included 32 children aged 6–15 years with one or more one‐surface cavitated carious lesions on the occlusal surface of permanent dentition. A total of 82 restorations were placed in permanent molars. The teeth were randomly assigned to two groups and monitored for 18 months after the intervention. For Group 1, Carie‐Care™ gel was applied directly to the carious lesion, followed by cavity washing and gentle excavation using hand instruments. For Group 2, caries was removed using the mechanical method only. The success rate of the restorations, as well as the time taken and pain reactions measured by the sound eye motor (SEM) scale, were assessed between the two groups.Results: The SEM scores were significantly higher (p  <  0.05) in the conventional ART group than in the Carie‐Care™ group. The mean time taken for caries removal in the Carie‐Care™ group (731.15 ± 197.48 s) was significantly higher than in the ART group (596.66 ± 158.96 s) (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the clinical performance of Type IX restoration between the groups (p = 0.69).Conclusions: The success rates of the restorations were similar between the two methods. However, the added advantage of less trauma associated with using a chemomechanical agent such as Carie‐Care™ makes it an attractive option for community health and school dental programs.
Navigating Personal, Social, and Environmental Obstacles to Healthy Lifestyle in Jordanian Adolescents
Authors: Amr Rula A. , Al-Smadi Ahmed M. , Alqutob Nanda , Akasheh Rand T. 
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aimed to investigate barriers hindering healthy eating and physical activity among Jordanian adolescents.Methods: A random sample of 1040 adolescents (596 males and 444 females) aged 11–17 from various Jordanian schools participated. A nutritionist‐administered questionnaire assessed barriers.Results: The study unveiled diverse personal, social, and environmental barriers to healthy lifestyles. Notably, inadequate knowledge of nutrition and limited time for healthy food preparation due to homework emerged as key barriers to healthy eating. Conversely, insufficient exercise skills and reduced enjoyment of physical activity were the primary impediments to physical activity. Females perceived homework as a more substantial barrier than males (p = 0.027).Conclusion: These barriers may contribute to increasing childhood obesity rates in Jordan. Future interventions should prioritize creating a supportive environment that respects cultural norms, emphasizing high‐quality parks, nutrition and sports education, healthier food options, student motivation, and park visits. Community engagement is crucial for fostering healthier lifestyles among Jordanian youth.
Identifying Metabolomic Mediators of the Physical Activity and Colorectal Cancer Relationship
Authors: Papadimitriou Nikos , Kazmi Nabila , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Richmond Rebecca C. , Lynch Brigid M. , Bendinelli Benedetta , Ricceri Fulvio , Sánchez Maria-Jose , Trobajo-Sanmartín Camino , Jakszyn Paula , Simeon Vittorio , Severi Gianluca , Perduca Vittorio , Truong Therese , Ferrari Pietro , Keski-Rahkonen Pekka , Weiderpass Elisabete , Eichelmann Fabian , Schulze Matthias B. , Katzke Verena , Fortner Renée Turzanski , Heath Alicia K. , Aune Dagfinn , Harewood Rhea , Dahm Christina C. , Llorente Adrian , Gunter Marc J. , Murphy Neil , Lewis Sarah J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Current evidence suggests higher physical activity (PA) levels are associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. However, the mediating role of the circulating metabolome in this relationship remains unclear.

Methods:
Targeted metabolomics data from 6,055 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort were used to identify metabolites associated with PA and derive a metabolomic signature of PA levels. PA levels were estimated using the validated Cambridge PA index based on baseline questionnaires. Mediation analyses were conducted in a nested case–control study (1,585 cases, 1,585 controls) to examine whether individual metabolites and the metabolomic signature mediated the PA–colorectal cancer association.

Results:
PA was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk (OR per category change: 0.90, 95% confidence interval, 0.83–0.97; P value = 0.009). PA levels were associated with 24 circulating metabolites after FDR correction, with the strongest associations observed for phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl (PC ae) C34:3 (FDR-adjusted P value = 1.18 × 10−10) and lysophosphatidylcholine acyl C18:2 (FDR-adjusted P value = 1.35 × 10−6). PC ae C34:3 partially mediated the PA–colorectal cancer association (natural indirect effect: 0.991, 95% confidence interval, 0.982–0.999; P value = 0.04), explaining 7.4% of the association. No mediation effects were observed for the remaining metabolites or the overall PA metabolite signature.

Conclusions:
PC ae C34:3 mediates part of the PA–colorectal cancer inverse association, but further studies with improved PA measures and extended metabolomic panels are needed.

Impact:
These findings provide insights into PA-related biological mechanisms influencing colorectal cancer risk and suggest potential targets for cancer prevention interventions.
Abstract TP297: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Stroke in the Tz’utujil Maya Community of Guatemala
Authors: Fretes Burgos Alana , Valhuerdi Porto Camelia , Valhuerdi Porto Bibiana , Bagnas Jasmine , Shrimali Anamika , Martinez-Kratz Jesse , Yakhkind Aleksandra 
Published: January 2025

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in Guatemala [1]. Previous data has indicated that differences regarding stroke mortality exist depending on geographical location, ethnicity, and educational level within Guatemala [2]. We sought to understand community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding stroke in the Tz’utujil Maya Community of Guatemala.
A total of 25 interviews were held in Spanish with one or more community members, through a snowball sampling method with the assistance of Tz’utujil interpreters as needed. Interviews were based on a predefined questionnaire based on the Kleinman explanatory model of illness [3]. Through these interviews, we sought to assess community members’ understanding of stroke, its causes, available treatments, and prevention. Demographic data was collected and recorded interviews were transcribed into Spanish and subsequently translated into English. Each interview was analyzed and coded by two reviewers based on a consensus-based coding framework.
Analysis of the collected data revealed several recurring themes. Most interviewees conveyed a belief that stroke is directly caused by psychosocial factors such as stress, negative family dynamics, and overthinking. Some interviewees attribute stroke to spiritual causes including witchcraft. Individuals oftentimes seek out natural remedies provided by traditional healers in addition to, or instead of, prescription medications. Lack of access to healthcare, based on cost and proximity to tertiary care, was independently mentioned by numerous community members. Most individuals reported that a person who suffered a stroke could have prevented his/her symptoms by avoiding stress. The majority of the interviewees did not stigmatize stroke themselves but said that other members of the community do stigmatize stroke. Overwhelmingly, community members enthusiastically said that they would be interested in learning more about how doctors can treat and prevent stroke.
Our research provides valuable insight into the understanding of stroke as well as related attitudes and practices within the Tz’utujil Maya community of Guatemala. Our findings serve as a blueprint for stroke education efforts within this community and can guide similar research in other low-resource settings. We firmly believe that education is essential to primary prevention of stroke as well as improved health outcomes.