Abstract A131: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of Black patients with multiple myeloma compared with other races
Authors: Spence Shelli , Yu Junhua , Girvan Allicia , Ng Sophia , Li Sophia , Zafar Faiza , Yellow-Duke Archibong , Cornell R. Frank 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Black patients with multiple myeloma (MM) in the US have a greater incidence rate, inferior survival, and younger onset of MM vs other races. This analysis evaluated differences in clinical characteristics between Black patients compared with other races with MM to determine the impact on survival outcomes. Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from the ConcertAI Patient360 database containing aggregated electronic health record data of patients treated in US-based oncology centers. Adult patients diagnosed with MM (2011–2022) who received ≥1 line of systemic therapy and had ≥3-month follow up were included. Patients were stratified by race (Black vs other [American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander, White, and other/unknown]). Baseline characteristics were compared between races using Chi-squared tests. Outcomes included first-line (1L), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS), estimated by Kaplan-Meier. The impact of race and characteristics on outcomes was evaluated with Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Black patients (n=806) vs other races (n=3164), were younger (63.3 vs 67.4 years, p&lt;0.001) with greater prevalence of concurrent cancer (13.3% vs 10.6%, p=0.027) at time of diagnosis, and higher baseline mean Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score (0.48 vs 0.39, p=0.047). Black patients vs other races more frequently had diabetes without complications (14.8% vs 10.3%, p&lt;0.001), renal disease (3.7% vs 1.7%, p&lt;0.001), and AIDS/HIV (1.4% vs 0.1%, p&lt;0.001), and 1L therapy regimen use (p=0.56) did not differ between races. The proportion progressing to 3L was 20.5% vs 19.2% among Black vs other races. Among overall patients, median (95% CI) 1L OS and PFS in months was similar between Black patients and other races (OS: 129 [109, 167] vs 133 [122, 157]; PFS: 39.5 [35.0, 45.3] vs 38.1 [36.2, 40.5]). Survival outcomes did not differ between races before (Hazard ratio [HR] [95% CI]; OS: 0.97 [0.84, 1.11]; PFS: 0.91 [0.82, 1.01]) or after adjusting for patient characteristics (OS: 1.13 [0.97, 1.31]; PFS: 1.0 [0.89, 1.12]). Characteristics impacting outcomes regardless of race included age (50–64 vs &lt;50 years; OS: 1.48 [1.13, 1.95]); PFS: 1.32 (1.11, 1.57), CCI score (OS: 1.15 [1.10, 1.20]; PFS: 1.06 [1.02, 1.10]), and ECOG score 2–4 vs 0–1 (OS: 1.76 [1.08, 1.37]; PFS: 1.52 [1.35, 1.71]; p&lt;0.01). Conclusions: Although 1L survival outcomes were similar between races, Black patients were younger at diagnosis with more comorbidities. Since improved survival outcomes were associated with younger age, fewer comorbidities and lower ECOG score, prompt diagnosis and care are needed. Funding: Financial support for the study was provided by AbbVie. AbbVie and Genentech participated in interpretation of data, review, and approval of the abstract. All authors contributed to development of the abstract and maintained control over final content. No honoraria or payments were made for authorship.
Citation Format: Shelli Spence, Junhua Yu, Allicia Girvan, Sophia Ng, Sophia Li, Faiza Zafar, Archibong Yellow-Duke, R. Frank Cornell. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of Black patients with multiple myeloma compared with other races [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A131.