bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adrenal Venous Sampling in the Investigation of Hyperaldosteronism: A Retrospective Practice Review from a Large Academic Medical Center
Authors: Ishaq Ariana , Hamidi Oksana , Hashim Ibrahim A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Hyperaldosteronism involves complex, multidisciplinary management, including clinical testing, radiological exams, and adrenal venous sampling (AVS). This study assesses AVS outcomes at a large referral center, focusing on cannulation success, lateralization of aldosterone-producing adenomas, and correlation with radiological and surgical findings.

Methods
A retrospective review of 153 patients who underwent AVS from September 2016 to January 2024 was conducted. Data included aldosterone and cortisol levels, procedural details, and outcomes. AVS success was determined by aldosterone-to-cortisol ratios and cortisol levels confirming adequate cannulation.

Results
Of the 153 patients, 49.9% had lateralized adenomas (51.3% left, 48.7% right), while 39.9% had bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. In 10.8% of cases, AVS was inconclusive or unsuccessful. Right adrenal vein cannulation required more attempts due to anatomical challenges. Aldosterone levels were higher in right adrenal adenomas compared to left, though cortisol levels did not predict laterality or hyperplasia. There was strong concordance between AVS, radiological, and surgical findings, except for bilateral hyperplasia cases.

Conclusions
This large series highlights AVS’s central role in diagnosing hyperaldosteronism, with significant insights into cannulation challenges and biochemical correlations. The study underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for accurate diagnosis and effective management.
Network model and application in wellbore wireless communication of extremely low frequency electromagnetic waves
Authors: Wang Zhi , Jia Deli , Sun Fuchao , Hao Zhongxian , Chen Qiang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To address the limitations of traditional wellbore communication technologies and address the shortcomings in synchronization and channel analysis of electromagnetic waves wellbore communication models, this paper proposes a novel wellbore wireless communication method using Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves. A polygonal multiple-delay complex network model for ELF electromagnetic waves propagation in wellbore and strata was established, which was divided into four subnetworks using network splitting theory: the oil tubing subnetwork, the casing subnetwork, the cement subnetwork, and the strata subnetwork. A controller was designed, successfully validating the stability of the model and achieving fast synchronization. The optimal transmitting frequency range was determined to be between 5 and 20Hz through theoretical derivation of attenuation factors and skin depth, combined with finite element simulations. Simulation results indicate that cement and casing are the primary transmission channels, followed by oil tubing and strata, with electric signals exhibiting significantly higher intensity than magnetic signals. Unlike electric signals, magnetic signals are less affected by shielding effects. Two field experiments confirmed the feasibility of using ELF electromagnetic waves for wellbore wireless communication, which can achieve a wireless communication distance of over 1600 meters without relays. This research provides a critical theoretical foundation and experimental validation for the future development of efficient wellbore wireless communication and intelligent wells.
Chromosome length genome assembly of the stone marten (Martes foina, Mustelidae): a new view on one of the cornerstones in carnivore cytogenetics
Authors: Tomarovsky Andrey , Khan Ruqayya , Dudchenko Olga , Totikov Azamat , Serdyukova Natalia A , Weisz David , Vorobieva Nadejda V , Bulyonkova Tatiana , Abramov Alexei V , Nie Wenhui , Wang Jinhuan , Romanenko Svetlana A , Proskuryakova Anastasiya A , Cherkasov Nikolay , Ferguson-Smith Malcolm A , Yang Fengtang , Balanovskaya Elena , Gilbert M Thomas P , Graphodatsky Alexander S , Aiden Erez Lieberman , Powell Roger , Koepfli Klaus-Peter , Perelman Polina L , Kliver Sergei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The stone marten (Martes foina) is an important species for cytogenetic studies in the order Carnivora. ZooFISH probes created from its chromosomes provided a strong and clean signal in chromosome painting experiments and were valuable for studying the evolution of carnivoran genome architecture. The research revealed that the stone marten chromosome set is similar to the presumed ancestral karyotype of the Carnivora, which added an additional value for the species. Using linked-read and Hi-C sequencing, we generated a chromosome-length genome assembly of a male stone marten (Gansu province, China) from a primary cell line. The stone marten assembly had a length of 2.42 Gbp, scaffold N50 of 144 Mbp, and a 96.2% BUSCO completeness score. We identified 19 chromosomal scaffolds (2n=38) and assigned them chromosome ids based on chromosome painting data. Annotation identified 20,087 protein-coding gene models, of which 18,283 were assigned common names. Comparison of the stone marten assembly with the cat, dog, and human genomes revealed several small syntenic blocks absent on the published painting maps. Finally, we assessed the heterozygosity and its distribution over the chromosomes. The detected low heterozygosity level (0.4 hetSNPs/kbp) and the presence of long RoHs require further research and a new evaluation of the conservation status of the stone marten in China. Combined with available carnivoran genomes in large scale synteny analysis, the stone marten genome will highlight new features and events in carnivoran evolution, hidden from cytogenetic approaches.
Tubular retractor-assisted minimally invasive parafascicular approach for dermoid cyst
Authors: Lee Keng Siang , Kalyal Nida , Mthunzi Engelbert , Marchi Francesco , Elhag Ali , Bodi Istvan , Bhangoo Ranjeev , Vergani Francesco , Ashkan Keyoumars , Gullan Richard , Lavrador Jose Pedro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Intracranial dermoid cysts are benign lesions that may be diagnosed incidentally or present symptomatically due to mass effect—focal neurological deficits, seizures and/or hydrocephalus—or chemical meningitis secondary to spontaneous rupture. The use of tubular retractors in minimally invasive parafascicular surgery (tsMIPS) has been described extensively as a technique to preserve neurological function whilst safely maximizing the extent of resection. The authors present the first use of the tsMIPS approach for removal of a dermoid cyst in a 68-year-old female who presented with abulia and seizures due to a large Sylvian fissure dermoid cyst. This approach minimized trauma to surrounding cortical–subcortical structures, as supported by connectome analyses, without sacrificing visualization of the operative field. Additionally, itavoided manipulation of the lenticulostriate arteries attached to the walls of the dermoid cyst. The use of an endoscope ensured complete drainage of the cyst components and therefore the effectiveness of the procedure.
Phototropin 2 mediates daily cold priming to promote light responses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Noguchi Minoru , Keino Issei , Takahashi Hitomi , Yamauchi Shota , Fujisawa Mami , Haga Ken , Sakai Tatsuya , Takemiya Atsushi , Kodama Yutaka 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Organisms adapt to predictable environmental changes via a biological mechanism called priming. Phototropin (phot) is a plant-specific blue light photoreceptor that mediates daily light-induced responses, such as chloroplast relocation, stomatal opening, and phototropism, to optimize photosynthesis. Phot also functions as a thermosensor for chloroplast relocation that may sense daily temperature decreases at night, thereby modulating light-induced responses at dawn; however, this hypothesis has not yet been fully explored. Here, we reveal that phot mediates daily cold priming to promote stomatal opening and phototropism in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) under dawn-mimicking conditions. A cold pretreatment in the dark enhanced subsequent blue light–induced stomatal opening and phototropism at normal temperatures, suggesting that daily cold priming is involved in these physiological responses. Arabidopsis has two phot proteins (phot1 and phot2), and we show that phot2 clearly mediates the cold priming of stomatal opening and phototropism. Cold priming appears to be based on phot-mediated thermosensing just before dawn, which plants use to optimize their light-induced responses in anticipation of dawn.
Intermittent fasting inhibits platelet activation and thrombosis through the intestinal metabolite indole-3-propionate
Authors: Qi Zhiyong , Zhou Luning , Dai Shimo , Zhang Peng , Zhong Haoxuan , Zhou Wenxuan , Zhao Xin , Xu Huajie , Zhao Gang , Wu Hongyi , Ge Junbo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Platelet hyperreactivity contributes significantly to thrombosis in acute myocardial infarction and stroke. While antiplatelet drugs are used, residual ischemic risk remains. Intermittent fasting (IF), a dietary pattern characterized by alternating periods of eating and fasting, has shown cardiovascular benefits, but its effect on platelet activation is unclear. This study demonstrates that IF inhibits platelet activation and thrombosis in both patients with coronary artery disease and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout (ApoE−/−) mice, by enhancing intestinal flora production of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA). Mechanistically, elevated IPA in plasma directly attenuates platelet activation by binding to the platelet pregnane X receptor (PXR) and suppressing downstream signaling pathways, including Src/Lyn/Syk and LAT/PLCγ/PKC/Ca2+. Importantly, IF alleviates myocardial and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in ApoE−/− mice. These findings suggest that IF mitigates platelet activation and thrombosis risk in coronary atherosclerosis by enhancing intestinal flora production of IPA, which subsequently activates the platelet PXR-related signaling pathway.
A practical approach to investigating nosocomial acquisition of Aspergillus
Authors: Meijer Eelco F J , Marek Aleksandra , Ramage Gordon , Chowdhary Anuradha , Bagrade Linda , Voss Andreas , Bal Abhijit M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Invasive mould disease (IMD) has a high mortality in immunosuppressed patients. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is the most common IMD. A guideline for preventing IA has been published jointly by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Infectious Disease Society of America, and the American Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Use of high-efficiency particulate air filters, adequate air exchange rates, sealing of patient rooms, and preventing exposure to moulds by nursing patients in areas away from construction sites are recommended by the guideline. However, there is limited information in relation to the actions to be undertaken by infection prevention and control teams in the event of one or more cases of nosocomial aspergillosis. In this review, we describe a systematic approach to aspergillosis by defining possible and probable nosocomial acquisition based on the number of days since hospital admission. We advocate an incremental response to the investigation of nosocomial aspergillosis in patients in protective isolation taking into account the number of cases and the likelihood of nosocomial origin. For single cases of nosocomial IA, we suggest that infection control investigations should focus on case surveillance and walk-through inspection escalating in a stepwise manner to enhanced case surveillance, verification of environmental controls, environmental monitoring, genotyping of clinical and environmental isolates, and review of antifungal prophylaxis for multiple cases and outbreaks. Where applicable, the construction site should be inspected with the aim to reduce the dispersal of conidia. Surveillance systems need to be strengthened to better understand the epidemiology of IA.
Influenza A virus NS2 protein acts on vRNA-resident polymerase to drive the transcription to replication switch
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yang Qiuxian , Shao Yuekun , Ding Shenyang , Guo Jiamei , Gao George F , Deng Tao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The heterotrimeric RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of influenza A virus catalyzes viral RNA transcription (vRNA→mRNA) and replication (vRNA→cRNA→vRNA) by adopting different conformations. A switch from transcription to replication occurs at a relatively late stage of infection. We recently reported that the viral NS2 protein, expressed at later stages from a spliced transcript of the NS segment messenger RNA (mRNA), inhibits transcription, promotes replication and plays a key role in the transcription-to-replication switch. In this study, we performed comprehensive functional analyses to elucidate how NS2 promotes viral genome replication. Using a cell-based single-step RNP reconstitution assay, we found that NS2 specifically promotes the first-step vRNA-to-cRNA synthesis. Further investigation revealed that this promotion is tightly associated with the intrinsic properties of the 3′-vRNA promoter. Employing a highly sensitive complementation reporter assay, we demonstrated that NS2 associates more strongly with the vRNA-resident RdRp than the cRNA-resident RdRp. These findings were further validated through in vitro replication analyses. We, therefore, propose that influenza A virus NS2 protein targets vRNA-resident RdRp to drive the transcription-to-replication switch during infection.
Discovery of reversing enzymes for RNA ADP-ribosylation reveals a possible defence module against toxic attack
Authors: Lu Yang , Schuller Marion , Bullen Nathan P , Mikolcevic Petra , Zonjic Iva , Raggiaschi Roberto , Mikoc Andreja , Whitney John C , Ahel Ivan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nucleic acid ADP-ribosylation and its associated enzymes involved in catalysis and hydrolysis are widespread among all kingdoms of life. Yet, its roles in mammalian and bacterial physiology including inter-/intraspecies conflicts are currently underexplored. Recently, several examples of enzymatic systems for RNA ADP-ribosylation have been identified, showing that all major types of RNA species, including messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA, can be targeted by ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) which attach ADP-ribose modifications either to nucleobases, the backbone ribose, or phosphate ends. Yet little is known about the reversibility of RNA ADP-ribosylation by ADP-ribosylhydrolases belonging to the macrodomain, ARH, or NADAR superfamilies. Here, we characterize the hydrolytic activity of ADP-ribosylhydrolases on RNA species ADP-ribosylated by mammalian and bacterial ARTs. We demonstrate that NADAR ADP-ribosylhydrolases are the only hydrolase family able to reverse guanosine RNA base ADP-ribosylation while they are inactive on phosphate-end RNA ADP-ribosylation. Furthermore, we reveal that macrodomain-containing PARG enzymes are the only hydrolase type with the ability for specific and efficient reversal of 2′-hydroxyl group RNA ADP-ribosylation catalysed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa effector toxin RhsP2. Moreover, using the RhsP2/bacterial PARG system as an example, we demonstrate that PARG enzymes can act as protective immunity enzymes against antibacterial RNA-targeting ART toxins.
Cancer cell target discovery: comparing laboratory evolution of expanded DNA six-nucleotide alphabets with standard four-nucleotide alphabets
Authors: Shaker Sharpkate , Li Jun , Wan Shuo , Xuan Hong , Long Jinchen , Cao Haiyan , Wei Tongxuan , Liu Qinguo , Xu Da , Benner Steven A , Zhang Liqin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Anthropogenic evolvable genetic information systems (AEGIS) are DNA-like molecules that can be copied, support laboratory in vitro evolution (LIVE), and evolve to give AegisBodies, analogs of antibodies. However, unlike DNA aptamers built from four different nucleotides, AegisBodies are currently built from six different nucleotides. Thus, six-letter AEGIS–LIVE delivers AegisBodies with greater stability in biological mixtures, more folds, and enhanced binding and catalytic power. Unlike DNA however, AEGIS has not benefited from 4 billion years of biological evolution to create AEGIS-specialized enzymes, but only a decade or so of human design. To learn whether AEGIS can nevertheless perform as well as natural DNA as a platform to create functional molecules, we compared two six-letter AegisBodies (LZH5b and LZH8) with a single standard four-letter aptamer, both evolved to bind specific cancer cells with ∼10 cycles of LIVE. Both evolved ∼50 nM affinities. Both discovered proteins on their cancer cell surfaces thought to function only inside of cells. Both can be internalized. Internalizing of LZH5b attached to an AEGIS nanotrain brings attached drugs into the cell. These data show that AEGIS–LIVE can do what four-letter LIVE can do at its limits of performance after 4 billion years of evolution of DNA-specialized enzymes, and better by a few metrics. As synthetic biologists continue to improve enzymology and analytical chemistry to support AEGIS-LIVE, this technology shoud prove increasingly useful as a tool, especially in cancer research.
An AT-hook transcription factor promotes transcription of histone, spliced-leader, and piRNA clusters
Authors: Wang Yi-Hui , Hertz Hannah L , Pastore Benjamin , Tang Wen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In all three domains of life, genes with related functions can be organized into specific genomic regions known as gene clusters. In eukaryotes, histone, piRNA (Piwi-interacting RNA), and rDNA (ribosomal DNA) clusters are among the most notable clusters which play fundamental roles in chromatin formation, genome integrity, and translation, respectively. These clusters have long been thought to be regulated by distinct transcriptional mechanisms. In this study, using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system we identify ATTF-6, a member of the AT-hook family, as a key factor for the expression of histone, piRNA, and 5S rDNA-SL1 (spliced leader 1) clusters. ATTF-6 is essential for C. elegans viability. It forms distinct nuclear foci at both piRNA and 5S rDNA-SL1 clusters. Loss of ATTF-6 leads to a depletion of histone mRNAs, SL1 transcripts, and piRNAs. Additionally, we demonstrate that ATTF-6 is required for the recruitment of USTC (Upstream Sequence Transcription Complex) to piRNA clusters, which is necessary for piRNA production. Collectively, our findings reveal a unifying role for an AT-hook transcription factor in promoting the expression of fundamental gene clusters.
Combining CRISPR activation and interference capabilities using dCas9 and G-quadruplex structures
Authors: Kabir Mohammad Lutful , Kodikara Sineth G , Hoque Mohammed Enamul , Shiekh Sajad , Alfehaid Janan , Basu Soumitra , Balci Hamza 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We demonstrate that both Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) interference and CRISPR activation can be achieved at RNA and protein levels by targeting the vicinity of a putative G-quadruplex (GQ)-forming sequence (PQS) in the c-Myc promoter with nuclease-dead Cas9 (dCas9). The achieved suppression and activation in Burkitt’s Lymphoma cell line and in in vitro studies are at or beyond those reported with alternative approaches. When the template strand (contains the PQS) was targeted with CRISPR–dCas9, the GQ was destabilized and c-Myc mRNA and protein levels increased by 2.1- and 1.6-fold, respectively, compared to controls in the absence of CRISPR–dCas9. Targeting individual sites in the nontemplate strand (NTS) with CRISPR–dCas9 reduced both the c-Myc mRNA and protein levels (by 1.8- and 2.5-fold, respectively), while targeting two sites simultaneously further suppressed both the mRNA (by 3.6-fold) and protein (by 9.8-fold) levels. These were consistent with cell viability assays when single or dual sites in the NTS were targeted (1.7- and 4.7-fold reduction in viability, respectively). We also report extensive in vitro biophysical studies which are in quantitative agreement with these cellular studies and provide important mechanistic details about how the transcription is modulated via the interactions of RNA polymerase, CRISPR–dCas9, and the GQ.
376. 7 versus 14 days of Antibiotic Treatment for Patients with Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Daneman Nick , Fowler Rob 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Bloodstream infections are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Early, appropriate antibiotic therapy is important, but optimal duration of treatment is uncertain.

Methods
In a multicenter, non-inferiority trial, we randomly assigned hospitalized (ward and intensive care unit [ICU]) patients with bloodstream infection to receive 7- versus 14-day antibiotic treatment.
Antibiotic selection, dosing and route were at the discretion of the treating team. We excluded patients with severe immune-suppression, foci requiring prolonged treatment, single cultures with potential contaminants, or cultures yielding Staphylococcus aureus. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality, with a 4% absolute non-inferiority margin.

Results
Across 74 hospitals in 7 countries, 3608 patients were randomized and included in the intention-to-treat analysis (1,814 to 7-day and 1,794 to 14-day antibiotic treatment). At enrolment, 55% of patients were in the ICU and 45% on hospital wards. Infections were community-onset (75.4%), hospital-acquired (13.4%) and ICU-acquired (11.2%). Bacteremia sources were most commonly from the urinary tract (42.2%), abdomen (18.8%), lung (13.0%), vascular catheters (6.3%), and skin or soft tissue (5.2%). The primary outcome of 90-day mortality occurred in 261 (14.5%) patients receiving 7-day and in 286 (16.1%) receiving 14-day treatment (absolute difference -1.6% [95.7% confidence interval -4.0 to 0.8]), demonstrating non-inferiority of shorter duration treatment. A per-protocol analysis also demonstrated non-inferiority (-2.0% [95% confidence interval -4.5 to 0.6]). These findings were generally consistent across secondary clinical outcomes, and pre-specified patient, pathogen and syndrome subgroups.

Conclusion
Treating hospitalized patients with bloodstream infection with antibiotics for 7 days is non-inferior to treating for 14 days.
(Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Health Research Council of New Zealand, Australian National Medical Research Council, Physicians Services Incorporated Ontario and Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-term Care Innovation Fund; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03005145)

Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures