bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a framework to investigate the impact of e‐commerce on the management of internal business processes
Authors: Barnes David , Hinton Matthew , Mieczkowska Suzanne 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper develops a theoretical framework for use in research investigating the impact of e‐commerce on the management of internal business processes. Managing the business processes that facilitate order fulfilment and delivery of goods and services supplied to customers is the prime concern of operations management. Despite the growing importance of e‐commerce to organizations of all types, e‐operations is a neglected area of study. Yet many of the problems associated with e‐commerce have centred on an inability to ‘deliver the goods’, often literally. Effective and efficient operations management is as important in e‐commerce as it is in traditional business. The framework, developed by integrating literature from the academic traditions of operations management and information systems, identifies three key issues: business process integration (the extent to which business processes for clicks and mortar e‐commerce are integrated with those for bricks and mortar), information systems integration (the extent to which intra‐ and inter‐organizational information systems are capable of communicating and sharing information with each other) and the operating context (types of customers, the e‐commerce business model and organizational factors). The framework is being used in case study‐based research that aims to describe and model current practice in organizations engaged in e‐commerce. The paper describes how the framework was applied in three financial services companies. The framework proved to be a useful basis for the research, enabling key emergent themes to be identified. However, in order to fully explain all of the research findings it was subsequently necessary to modify the framework to take account of the strategic context of each organization. The modified framework will be used as the basis of further case studies being conducted in organizations in other sectors. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low level 809‐nm diode laser‐induced in vitro stimulation of the proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Kreisler Matthias , Christoffers Ann B. , Al‐Haj Haitham , Willershausen Brita , d'Hoedt Bernd 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe authors investigated the effects of low level laser irradiation on the proliferation rate of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) in vitro.Study Design/Materials and MethodsHGF were obtained from gingival connective tissue explants and cultured under standard conditions. 110 cell cultures in their logarithmic growth phase were spread on 96‐well tissue culture plates and were irradiated at energy fluences of 1.96–7.84 J/cm2. Another 110 cultures served as control. An 809‐nm semiconductor laser operated at a power output of 10 mW in the cw‐mode was used. The time of exposure varied between 75 and 300 seconds. Laser treatment was performed alternatively once, twice, and three times at a 24‐hour interval. After lasing, incubation was continued for 24 hours. The proliferation rate was determined by means of fluorescence activity of a redox indicator added to the cell culture. Proliferation was determined 24, 48, and 72 hours after irradiation and expressed in relative fluorescence units (RFU).ResultsThe irradiated cells revealed a considerably higher proliferation activity. The differences were highly significant 24 hour after irradiation (Mann‐Whitney U‐test, P < 0.05) but decreased in an energy‐dependent manner after 48 and 72 hour after irradiation.ConclusionsA cellular effect of the soft laser irradiation on HGF is evident. Its duration, however, seems to be limited. These findings might be clinically relevant, indicating that repeated treatments are necessary to achieve a positive laser effect in clinical applications. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:365–369, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hallervorden‐Spatz syndrome resembling a typical Tourette syndrome
Authors: Scarano Valentina , Pellecchia Maria Teresa , Filla Alessandro , Barone Paolo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA young man presenting with a Tourette syndrome‐like disorder that was the main clinical manifestation of Hallervorden‐Spatz syndrome is described. It is recommended that, even in the case of slow progression, HSS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of TS‐like disorders. ©2002 Movement Disorders Society
Genetic and clinical heterogeneity in paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia: Evidence for a third EKD gene
Authors: Spacey Sian D. , Valente Enza‐Maria , Wali Gurusidheshwar M. , Warner Thomas T. , Jarman Paul R. , Schapira Anthony H.V. , Dixon Peter H. , Davis Mary B. , Bhatia Kailash P. , Wood Nicholas W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractParoxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) is characterised by paroxysms of choreic, dystonic, ballistic, or athetoid movements. The attacks typically last seconds to minutes in duration and are induced by sudden voluntary movement. PKD loci have been identified on chromosome 16. We present the clinical and genetic details of two British and an Indian family with PKD. Linkage to the PKD loci on chromosome 16 has been excluded in one of these families, providing evidence for a third loci for PKD. Detailed clinical descriptions highlight the presence of both adolescent and infantile seizures in some of the PKD families. This study attempts to clarify the relationship of adolescent and infantile seizures to PKD and provides evidence that PKD is both genetically and clinically heterogeneous. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Evidence for shoulder girdle dystonia in selected patients with cervical disc prolapse
Authors: Becker Georg , Berg Daniela , Kruse Niels , Schröder Ute , Warmuth‐Metz Monika , Rieckmann Peter , Naumann Markus , Reiners Karlheinz 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSome patients with cervical disc herniation suffer from persistent nuchal pain and muscle spasms after decompressive surgery despite the lack of clinical and radiological signs for actual spinal root compression. Sonographic examination of the brain in some of these patients showed increased echogenicity of the lentiform nuclei as described in patients with idiopathic dystonia. This has been linked to an altered Menkes protein level and copper metabolism. We suggest a relationship between persistent nuchal pain after adequate cervical disc surgery and dystonic movement disorders. Thirteen patients with persistent nonradicular nuchal pain after at least one cervical disc surgery and without evidence of continuing spinal root compression and 13 age‐matched controls were included. All patients had a complete neurological examination, ultrasound, and MRI scan of the brain. In addition, Menkes protein mRNA levels of leucocytes were analyzed in patients and controls. All patients with persistent nuchal pain exhibited a constant tonic unilateral shoulder elevation associated with an ipsilateral hypertrophy of the trapezius muscle. Ultrasound examination showed an increased echogenicity of the lentiform nucleus in one patient unilaterally and in 10 patients bilaterally but in none of the controls. On MRI the T2‐values of the lentiform nuclei were found to be higher in patients exhibiting a hyperechogenicity of the lentiform nuclei compared to controls (P = 0.01). In addition, Menkes protein mRNA levels were decreased in patients with cervical disc herniation (P = 0.03). Clinical, neuroimaging, and biochemical findings of this selected patient sample with chronic nuchal pain and muscle spasms after cervical disc surgery resemble alterations in patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia. This suggests a link between both disorders. A peripheral trauma to the nerve roots may precipitate dystonic movements in susceptible patients and chronic dystonic muscle contraction would account for the persistent nuchal pain. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Genetics of parkinsonism
Authors: Gwinn‐Hardy Katrina 
Published: October 2002

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) was noted to have a familial component as early as 1880 (Leroux, 1880). More recently, the discovery of several genetic factors influencing parkinsonism has emphasized the importance of heredity in PD. The clinical spectrum of familial parkinsonism is wide; it includes not only PD, but also dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), essential tremor, and other disorders. In the general population, it is likely that PD results from combined genetic and environmental factors, most of which are not yet known. The discovery of causal mutations in the gene for α‐synuclein, parkin, and of genetic linkages to chromosomes 2p4, 4p5, and three loci on 1q6–8 have revolutionized PD research. This review focuses on recent progress in the Mendelian genetics of PD and those diseases in which parkinsonism is a prominent feature, and considers how these discoveries modify our beliefs regarding the etiology and pathogenesis of these disorders.
Riluzole prolongs survival time and alters nuclear inclusion formation in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease
Authors: Schiefer Johannes , Landwehrmeyer G. Bernhard , Lüesse Hans‐Gerd , Sprünken Arne , Puls Christiane , Milkereit Anna , Milkereit Eva , Kosinski Christoph M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGlutamate excitotoxicity has been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease (HD). Riluzole is a substance with glutamate antagonistic properties that is used for neuroprotective treatment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and which is currently tested in clinical trials for treatment of HD. R6/2 transgenic mice, which express exon 1 of the human HD gene with an expanded CAG triplet repeat, serve as a well‐characterized mouse model for HD with progressing neurological abnormalities and limited survival. We treated R6/2 HD transgenic mice with riluzole orally beginning at a presymptomatic stage until death to investigate its potential neuroprotective effects in this mouse model and found that survival time in the riluzole group was significantly increased in comparison to placebo‐treated transgenic controls. Additionally, the progressive weight loss was delayed and significantly reduced by riluzole treatment; behavioral testing of motor coordination and spontaneous locomotor activity, however, showed no statistically significant differences. We also examined the formation of the HD characteristic neuronal intranuclear inclusions (NII) immunohistologically. At a late disease stage, striatal NII from riluzole‐treated transgenic mice showed profound changes in ubiquitination, i.e., NII were less ubiquitinated and surrounded by ubiquitinated micro‐aggregates. Staining with antibodies directed against the mutated huntingtin revealed no significant difference in this component of NII. Taken together, these data suggest that riluzole is a promising candidate for neuroprotective treatment in human HD. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Current trends in QSAR on NO donors and inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)*†
Authors: Kontogiorgis Christos A. , Hadjipavlou‐Litina Dimitra 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article evaluates the quantitative structure‐activity relationships (QSAR) of nitric oxide (NO) radical donors and nitric oxide synthases (NOS) inhibitors, using the C‐QSAR program of Biobyte. Furoxans, triazines, amidoximes, tetrazoles, imidazoles and Nω−2‐nitroarylamino acid analogues were included in this survey. In nine out of seventeen cases, the clog P plays a significant part in the QSAR of the NO radical donors and of the NOS inhibition. Many of the compounds must be interacting with a hydrophobic space in a non‐specific way. In some cases molecular refractivity CMR/MR as well as sterimol parameters (B1 and L) are important. Electronic effects, with the exception of the Hammett's constant σ and the Swain–Lupton parameter F, are not found to govern the biological activity. Stereochemical and electronic features are also found to be important. Indicator variables were used after the best model was found to account for the usual structural features. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 22, No. 4, 385–418, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/med.10012
The Neumann problem, cylindrical outlets and Sobolev spaces
Authors: Thäter Gudrun 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe Neumann problem is crucial in mathematical physics. Nevertheless, as far as cylindrical domains are concerned there is still the open question how to construct solutions to data in usual Sobolev spaces since the standard Kondratiev theory does not apply. In this paper that unsatisfactory gap is filled and moreover, data with polynomial asymptotic behaviour are considered. As interesting special case we find solutions with bounded Dirichlet integral. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electromagnetic scattering by a perfectly conducting obstacle in a homogeneous chiral environment: solvability and low‐frequency theory
Authors: Athanasiadis C. , Costakis G. , Stratis I. G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe scattering of plane time‐harmonic electromagnetic waves propagating in a homogeneous isotropic chiral environment by a bounded perfectly conducting obstacle is studied. The unique solvability of the arising exterior boundary value problem is established by a boundary integral method. Integral representations of the total exterior field, as well as of the left and right electric far‐field patterns are derived. A low‐frequency theory for the approximation of the solution to the above problem, and the derivation of the far‐field patterns is also presented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compact dual‐frequency shorted rhombic microstrip antenna with a pair of slits
Authors: Lin Yi‐Fang , Kuo Chin‐Chun , Chen Hua‐Ming 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBy using a pair of shorting pins, the dual‐frequency operation of a single‐feed rhombic microstrip antenna with a pair of slits is presented. This shorted dual‐frequency microstrip antenna can result in a much reduced antenna size, and provide a tunable frequency ratio of ∼1.26–2.33 for the two operating frequencies by varying the inset slit length. Simulated results with the use of the software also have been conducted to study the characteristics of these antennas. Details of the proposed designs are described and discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 183–186, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10411
High‐resolution fiber Bragg grating sensor system using linear‐cavity fiber laser scheme
Authors: Peng Peng‐Chun , Tseng Hong‐Yih , Chi Sien 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA high‐resolution fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor system using a linear‐cavity fiber laser scheme is proposed and numerically studied. The proposed sensor system can improve the sensing accuracy by using a discriminating FBG pair in conjunction with a fiber laser scheme. This FBG sensor system can resolve the temperature up to 0.0005°C theoretically and can be applied for strain sensing and temperature sensing with high precision. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 323–325, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10450
Pseudo‐isotropic and maximum‐bandwidth points for axially excited chiral sculptured thin films
Authors: Lakhtakia Akhlesh 
Published: October 2002

AbstractChiral sculptured thin films (STFs) are periodically anisotropic, and exhibit the circular Bragg phenomenon over a certain wavelength regime on axial excitation. Among the key deposition parameters for the growth of a chiral STF is the so‐called vapor incidence angle χv. Analysis based on data on the related columnar thin films (CTFs) shows that pseudo‐isotropic values of χv can exist. Similarly, a maximum‐bandwidth value of χv is also shown to be possible. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 367–371, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10464
Microstrip antennas for cellular and wireless communication systems
Authors: Słobodzian P. , Borowiec R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe Letter describes problems related to use of microstrip antennas in cellular and wireless telecommunications systems. Because of the unique properties, microstrip technology is nowadays often used to manufacture small internal antennas for portable terminals as well as antenna arrays for base stations. It also seems to be a very promising technology for multisystem antennas, for which there is an ever‐growing demand. The Letter also presents a short overview of currently available solutions and ones under development by the authors, along with some key problems related to their design. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 380–384, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10468
In vitro and in vivo maturation of oocytes from gonadotrophin‐treated brushtail possums
Authors: Glazier Andrew M. , Mate Karen E. , Rodger John C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe time course of nuclear maturation of oocytes was examined in brushtail possums, Trichosurus vulpecula. Oocytes were recovered from ovarian follicles > 2 mm in diameter after pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin/porcine luteinizing hormone (PMSG/LH) treatment (in vivo matured) or 72 hr after PMSG treatment (in vitro matured). Oocytes recovered from small (< 2 mm) and large (> 2 mm) follicles were also assessed for their ability to mature in vitro. Staining with the DNA‐specific dye Hoechst 33342 was used to assess the stage of nuclear development by fluorescence microscopy. The process of nuclear maturation progressed rapidly in vivo, as oocytes collected at 20–27 hr post‐LH all had a GV, but by 28–29.5 hr post‐LH approximately a third of eggs were MII. By 30‐hr post‐LH, more than 70% of oocytes had reached MII stage and all ovulated eggs were MII. In vitro, all oocytes were at germinal vesicle stage at the start of culture. After 24 hr of culture, 67% of oocytes had progressed to metaphase I/anaphase I of meiosis. After 36 hr, 25% of oocytes had completed maturation to metaphase II, increasing to 52% after 48 hr. Maturation of oocytes after 48 hr in culture was unaffected by the presence or absence of granulosa cells, PMSG or LH/porcine follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). More oocytes from large follicles (55%) completed maturation by 48 hr than from small follicles (15%). The potential of oocytes to mature after 48 hr in culture was dependent on the follicle harvested having reaching a critical diameter of 1.5 mm. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 62:504–512, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MR tagging early after myocardial infarction in mice demonstrates contractile dysfunction in adjacent and remote regions
Authors: Epstein Frederick H. , Yang Zequan , Gilson Wesley D. , Berr Stuart S. , Kramer Christopher M. , French Brent A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to use MR myocardial tagging to assess regional cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. Eight mice were imaged before and 1 day after MI. MRI included cine imaging, myocardial tagging, and contrast‐enhanced imaging. Regional percent circumferential shortening (%CS) was measured from the tagged images, and the region of hyperenhancement on the contrast‐enhanced images was used to determine the infarcted, adjacent, and remote zones. Ejection fraction (EF) fell from 59% ± 6% at baseline to 32% ± 6% after MI (P < 0.01). At baseline, %CS was 14.5% ± 3.4%. After MI, %CS was 0.7% ± 4.4% in the infarcted zone, 7.4% ± 4.4% in the adjacent zone, and 11.8% ± 4.2% in the remote zone. %CS was statistically different for all comparisons between the infarcted, adjacent, remote, and baseline groups (P < 0.01). MR tagging can detect regional differences in myocardial function post‐MI in mice. Magn Reson Med 48:399–403, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in CBF‐BOLD coupling detected by MRI during and after repeated transient hypercapnia in rat
Authors: Dutka Michael V. , Scanley B. Ellen , Does Mark D. , Gore John C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effect of hypercapnia on the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2) remains incompletely understood. This study examined the relationship between susceptibility (blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD)) and perfusion‐weighted (flow‐sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR)) MRI techniques both during induction of repeated transient hypercapnia (THC) and after return to normocapnia during whisker barrel functional activation. During induction of THC the FAIR signal became significantly elevated over control after 100 s of hypercapnia (P = 0.039), with a trend of increasing significance to 5 min (P = 0.000008). The FAIR signal in the activated cortex during subsequent normocapnia was significantly increased compared to pre‐THC control after each successive period of THC. The mean grouped FAIR signal increased by 81% ± 63% after one exposure (P = 0.021), by 163% ± 55% after the second exposure (P = 0.0002), and by 240% ± 54% after the third exposure (P = 0.000002). The mean grouped BOLD signal trended upward, but did not increase significantly during or after exposure 1, 2, or 3. These data demonstrate increased uncoupling of perfusion‐weighted from susceptibility imaging techniques, both in nonactivated cortex during hypercapnia, and with activation after multiple exposures to THC. These results are consistent with saturation of BOLD contrast as well as with increases in CMRO2 with stimulation after multiple exposures to THC. Magn Reson Med 48:262–270, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ventilation‐perfusion ratio of signal intensity in human lung using oxygen‐enhanced and arterial spin labeling techniques
Authors: Mai Vu M. , Liu Benjamin , Polzin Jason A. , Li Wei , Kurucay Saban , Bankier Alexander A. , Knight‐Scott Jack , Madhav Priti , Edelman Robert R. , Chen Qun 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study investigates the distribution of ventilation‐perfusion (V/Q) signal intensity (SI) ratios using oxygen‐enhanced and arterial spin labeling (ASL) techniques in the lungs of 10 healthy volunteers. Ventilation and perfusion images were simultaneously acquired using the flow‐sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) method as volunteers alternately inhaled room air and 100% oxygen. Images of the T1 distribution were calculated for five volunteers for both selective (T1f) and nonselective (T1) inversion. The average T1 was 1360 ms ± 116 ms, and the average T1f was 1012 ms ± 112 ms, yielding a difference that is statistically significant (P < 0.002). Excluding large pulmonary vessels, the average V/Q SI ratios were 0.355 ± 0.073 for the left lung and 0.371 ± 0.093 for the right lung, which are in agreement with the theoretical V/Q SI ratio. Plots of the V/Q SI ratio are similar to the logarithmic normal distribution obtained by multiple inert gas elimination techniques, with a range of ratios matching ventilation and perfusion. This MRI V/Q technique is completely noninvasive and does not involve ionized radiation. A limitation of this method is the nonsimultaneous acquisition of perfusion and ventilation data, with oxygen administered only for the ventilation data. Magn Reson Med 48:341–350, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.