bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed Nasal Mucus as a Model for Sinus Mucin Gene Expression Studies
Authors: Ali Mahmoud S. , Wilson J. A. , Pearson Jeffrey P. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis It is necessary to obtain sinus mucus from the paranasal sinus cavities to study mucin gene expression occurring in the sinuses during chronic sinusitis. This requires an invasive procedure to access the sinus cavity. There are embryological as well as histological similarities between nasal and sinus epithelia; therefore, we postulated that the mucin expression in the secreted nasal and sinus mucins might be similar. Nasal mucus, which can be obtained easily, could then replace sinus mucus in these studies.Study Design Sinus and nasal mucus from six patients with chronic sinusitis were analyzed in this study.Methods High‐molecular‐weight glycoproteins (mucins) were isolated and purified by sequential density gradient centrifugation in caesium chloride (CsCl). Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was performed to identify the antigenic identity of these mucins.Results The MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC5B mucin genes were all expressed in the nasal and sinus mucus secretions. Antigenic studies showed an inverse relationship between MUC2 and MUC5AC expression in nasal and sinus mucus secretions. The MUC5B gene was the major mucin gene expressed in sinus mucus but not in nasal mucus. Expression of MUC2 was significantly higher in sinus mucus. Expression of MUC5AC was different between nasal and sinus mucus.Conclusions Individual mucin expression in sinus and nasal mucus was markedly different. From this preliminary study, we conclude that nasal mucus is not a suitable substitute for sinus mucus in sinus mucin gene studies and that different pathological processes are taking place in nasal and sinus tissue in chronic sinusitis.
Laryngeal Adductor Reflex and Pharyngeal Squeeze as Predictors of Laryngeal Penetration and Aspiration
Authors: Aviv Jonathan E. , Spitzer Jaclyn , Cohen Manderly , Ma Guoguang , Belafsky Peter , Close Lanny G. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives The contribution of laryngopharyngeal (LP) sensory deficits to the outcome of swallowing and the relationship between sensory and motor deficits in the laryngopharynx is unclear. The study purpose is to determine if patients with LP sensory and motor deficits are at increased risk for laryngeal penetration and aspiration during swallowing, and to determine the relationship between pharyngeal motor weakness and LP sensory deficits.Materials and Methods Endoscopic evaluation of swallowing with sensory testing was performed on 122 dysphagic patients who were prospectively divided into two groups. The control group was 76 patients with normal sensitivity, determined by an intact laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR) on air pulse stimulation of the mucosa innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve. The study group was 46 patients with severe sensory deficits, determined by an absent LAR. Each group was given puree followed by thin liquid, noting presence or absence of laryngeal penetration and aspiration. Pharyngeal muscle strength was assessed by noting presence or absence of pharyngeal contraction during voluntary adduction of the vocal folds (pharyngeal squeeze).Results In control subjects, with purees, 6 of 76 (7.90%) penetrated and 3 of 76 (3.94%) aspirated; with thins, 26 of 76 (34.2%) penetrated and 13 of 76 (17.1%) aspirated. In the absent LAR group, with purees, 39 of 46 (84.8%) penetrated and 32 and 46 (69.6%) aspirated; with thins, 46 of 46 (100%) penetrated and 43 of 46 (93.5%) aspirated. For both consistencies, the differences in prevalence of penetration and aspiration between groups was significant (P <.0001, χ2). In control subjects, pharyngeal squeeze was impaired in 17 of 76 (22.4%), with penetration of puree in 6 of 17 (35.3%) and aspiration in 3 of 17 (17.6%). In the absent LAR group, squeeze was impaired in 41 of 46 (89.1%), with penetration of puree in 39 of 41 (95.1%) and aspiration in 32 of 41 (78.0%). The difference in the prevalence of pharyngeal weakness between groups was significant (P <.0001). The difference in the prevalence of penetration and aspiration was higher in the absent LAR/impaired contraction cohort than in the normal sensation/impaired contraction cohort (P <.0001).Conclusion Absence of the LAR and impaired pharyngeal squeeze puts patients with dysphagia at high risk for laryngeal penetration and aspiration compared with patients with an intact LAR and intact pharyngeal squeeze. There is a strong association between motor and sensory deficits in the laryngopharynx.
Near‐Total Laryngectomy in Advanced Laryngeal and Pyriform Cancers
Authors: Pradhan Sultan A. , D'Cruz Anil K. , Pai Prathamesh S. , Mohiyuddin Azeem 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective To demonstrate the oncologic and physiological safety of near‐total laryngectomy (NTL), its success in voice conservation, and its versatility for use in extensive resections that necessitate pharyngoplasty, and even in post‐radiation recurrences.Study In this study of 137 cases of NTL for cancer of the larynx (45 cases) and pyriform (92 cases), 86.9% were stage T3/T4 and 60.6% were N+. A total of 8.8% had extended pharyngeal resections necessitating patch pharyngoplasty (ENTLP). In 10.9% cases, NTL was used as salvage of post‐radiation failures. Concurrent neck dissection was performed in 99 cases.Results A total of 70.1% was alive and disease‐free at the last follow‐up ranging from 12 months to 104 months (median, 35 mo). A total of 7.3% had local/locoregional recurrences and 11.7% had purely regional recurrences. The local control rate for post‐radiation salvage with NTL was 93.3%. A total of 88.6% developed communicable speech, and the speech success rate was 100% in 12 cases of ENTLP. Complications included major wound dehiscence with total shunt breakdown in 2 cases (1.5%), pharyngeal leak requiring surgical intervention in 7 cases (3.6%), significant aspiration through the shunt necessitating completion laryngectomy in 1 case (0.7%), and complete shunt stenosis in 9 cases (6.6%).Conclusion The study shows that NTL is an oncologically safe voice conservation procedure in advanced, lateralized laryngeal and pyriform cancers treated not only per primum, but also in carefully selected post‐radiation failures. It has a high success rate of speech development even in those cases requiring extensive pharyngeal resections. Major complications were acceptably low.
Selective Neck Dissection for the Treatment of Neck Metastasis From Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Chepeha Douglas B. , Hoff Paul T. , Taylor Rodney J. , Bradford Carol R. , Teknos Theodoros N. , Esclamado Ramon M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective Our objective was to determine the proportion of patients disease free in the neck, with the primary site controlled, who have been treated with a selective neck dissection (SND) for squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa) of the upper aerodigestive tract, and who had cervical metastasis less than 3 cm.Study Design A cohort of patients who fit the inclusion/exclusion criteria was identified retrospectively. Then all surviving patients were followed for a minimum of 2 years.Methods A group of 52 patients who had 58 selective neck dissections for cervical metastases from SCCa of the upper aerodigestive tract were identified. The mean age was 56 years (range, 20–85 y), there were 40 males and 12 females, and mean follow‐up was 24.5 months (range, 1–64 mo). Twenty‐six patients had clinically negative (cN0) neck examinations and 26 had clinically positive neck examinations. Postoperative radiation was given for extracapsular spread, greater than 2 positive nodes, T3, T4, or recurrent disease if the patient had not received radiation before surgery. These radiation criteria excluded 18 patients from postoperative radiation treatment.Results Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis showed that the regional control rate with the primary site controlled was 0.94. Six patients developed recurrent neck disease. Three of these 6 patients were surgically salvaged. Four recurrences were in the dissected field and 2 were out of the dissected field (level V).Conclusions With similar indications for radiation therapy, the regional control rate in this cohort is comparable to control rates obtained with modified radical neck dissection.
The Association Between Glutathione S‐Transferase P1 Genotype and Plasma Level in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Kelders Willem P. A. , Oude Ophuis Michael B. , Roelofs Hennie M. J. , Peters Wilbert H. M. , Manni Johannes J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis Glutathione S‐transferase P1‐1 (GSTP1‐1) is an important enzyme because it plays a major role in many detoxification reactions, including tobacco‐related metabolic products. GSTP1‐1 is the most abundant of all glutathione S‐transferase (GST) enzymes in normal human head and neck epithelium, whereas it is overexpressed in head and neck malignancies. At least three different GSTP1 genotypes exist, AA, AB, and BB, which have been correlated with reduced enzyme activity. Many authors have studied the GSTP1 genotypes in relation to the risk for human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A correlation between GSTP1‐1 genotype and GSTP1‐1 plasma levels has not been made before. We investigated the correlation between GSTP1 genotype and GSTP1‐1 plasma levels.Study Design To evaluate the possible association between the genetic polymorphisms in GSTP1 and the phenotypic expression (GSTP1‐1 plasma levels) in patients with HNSCC.Methods GSTP1 genotype and GSTP1‐1 plasma level were established in 87 patients with HNSCC and 51 patients with benign head and neck lesions who served as control subjects.Results For all GSTP1 genotypes (AA, AB, and BB) in patients with HNSCC, the mean plasma GSTP1‐1 values were significantly higher compared with the control subjects. There was no significant difference in the plasma GSTP1‐1 levels between the different genotypes in patients with HNSCC.Conclusion There is no association between GSTP1 genotype and GSTP1‐1 plasma levels in patients with head and neck cancer.
Cyclin D1 Amplification and p16(MTS1/CDK4I) Deletion Correlate With Poor Prognosis in Head and Neck Tumors
Authors: Namazie Ali , Alavi Sassan , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. , Pauletti Giovanni , Aghamohammadi Neema , Aghamohammadi M. , Gornbein Jeffrey A. , Calcaterra Thomas C. , Slamon Dennis J. , Wang Marilene B. , Srivatsan Eri S. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis Cyclin D1, a cell cycle regulator localized to chromosome 11q13, is amplified in several human tumors including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Amplification and/or overexpression of cyclin D1 have been correlated to a poor prognosis. Deletion of the p16 gene, localized to 9p21, has also been observed in a significant proportion of HNSCC. The p16 gene regulates cyclin D1‐CDK4 activity and prevents retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene phosphorylation, thereby downregulating cellular proliferation. Detection of cyclin D1 amplification and p16 deletion using a simple and sensitive method will be valuable for the development of effective treatment modalities for head and neck cancer.Study Design We have used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to study cyclin D1 amplification and p16 gene deletion in head and neck tumors. Both single‐ and dual‐color FISH were performed.Methods Paraffin‐embedded tissues from 103 patients with HNSCC were analyzed using genomic DNA probes for cyclin D1 and p16. Dual‐color FISH was performed with chromosome 11 or 9 centromeric probes as a control. Twenty‐eight of these samples were analyzed for p16 expression by immunohistochemistry.Results Cyclin D1 amplification was observed in 30% (31/103) of patients, and p16 deletion in 52% (54/103). Lack of p16 expression was observed in 64% (18/28) of patients. There was a good correlation between the deletion of p16 sequences and the loss of p16 expression (P = .008). Amplification of cyclin D1 had a statistically significant association with recurrence, distant metastasis, and survival at 36 months. There was a significant association between p16 deletion and the development of distant metastases. Cyclin D1 amplification and p16 deletion together correlated with recurrence, distant metastasis, and survival.Conclusions We demonstrate that FISH is a simple and sensitive method for detecting cyclin D1 amplification and p16 deletion in head and neck cancer. Our results suggest that these two genetic aberrations together portend a poorer outcome than either of the abnormalities alone in head and neck cancer.
Lateralization During the Weber Test: Animal Experiments
Authors: Sichel Jean‐Yves , Freeman Sharon , Sohmer Haim 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis The objective of this study were to present an assessment of a new theory to explain lateralization during the Weber test using an animal model. This theory is based on the discovery that a major pathway in bone conduction stimulation to the inner ear is through the skull contents (probably the cerebrospinal fluid [CSF]). The placement of a bone vibrator or tuning fork on the skull excites the inner ear by the classic osseous pathway and by the suggested CSF pathway. We assume that there is a phase difference between the stimulation mediated by the ossicular chain (inertial and occlusion mechanisms) and the one mediated by the CSF. The presence of a conductive pathology will decrease the magnitude of the sound energy mediated by the ossicular chain. Thus, the out‐of‐phase signal arriving through the bony pathways will be decreased, hence increasing the resultant sound intensity stimulating the cochlea.Study Design Prospective animal study.Methods The experiment was performed on 10 fat sand rats, which had undergone unilateral cochleostomy and a small craniotomy. The auditory nerve brainstem response (ABR) thresholds were measured to air‐conducted stimulation, to stimulation with the bone vibrator applied to the skull, and to stimulation with the bone vibrator applied directly to the brain through the craniotomy. The ossicular chain of the second ear was then fixed to the middle ear walls with cyanoacrylate glue to induce a conductive hearing loss. The ABR thresholds to the same three stimuli were then measured again.Results After ossicular chain fixation, the ABR threshold to air‐conducted stimulation increased, to bone vibrator stimulation on the bone decreased (hearing improvement), and to bone vibrator stimulation directly on the brain remained unchanged.Conclusions This experiment confirms the proposed theory. During clinical bone conduction stimulation, there is a phase difference between sound energy reaching the inner ear through the middle ear ossicles and from the CSF. A middle ear conductive pathology removes one of these components, thus increasing the effective sound intensity in the affected ear. On the other hand, when the bone vibrator is applied on the brain, the inner ear is stimulated only through the CSF, so ossicular chain fixation does not change the ABR threshold. Moreover, this study proves that lateralization during the Weber phenomenon is the result, at least in part, of an intensity difference between sound energy reaching the two cochleae.
Evaluating the Upper Airway With Standardized Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Stuck Boris A. , Köpke Julian , Maurer Joachim T. , Verse Thomas , Kuciak Gregor , Düber Christoph , Hörmann Karl 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) potentially offers various advantages in assessing the upper airway. The aims of the presented study were 1) to evaluate which anatomical parameters of upper airway soft tissue morphology (distances, areas, volumes) could be defined using MRI scans, 2) to examine the stability or variability of these parameters over time and between different investigators, and 3) to develop a standardized protocol for MRI measurements of the upper airway.Study Design Prospective clinical trial.Methods Twenty‐four scans were performed on six healthy subjects over a period of 4 weeks. Various parameters such as tongue dimensions, volumes and spaces, posterior airway spaces, and soft palate dimensions were established, and their variation over time between different investigators and with repeated analysis was assessed.Results All the parameters were of high stability and reproducibility. The time of day had no significant influence on the results. An abbreviated method for the evaluation of the tongue volume was developed. Four‐millimeter slices with a conventional MRI scan generate pictures of high quality in a maintainable acquisition time.Conclusions We were able to evaluate which anatomical parameters of upper airway could be defined using MRI scans. The variability of these parameters over time and between different investigators was assessed. We developed a standardized protocol for MRI measurements of the upper airway. Standardized protocols are mandatory, and the variability of the measurements must be taken into account if results of different clinical centers must be compared or if changes after therapeutic interventions are to be investigated.
Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations: Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy
Authors: Very Mark , Nagy Mark , Carr Michelle , Collins Sandy , Brodsky Linda 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and satisfaction of patient or family (or both) in the evaluation of hemangiomas and other vascular malformations.Study DesignProspective, relational database.MethodsNinety‐eight patients participated in a prospective, Institutional Review Board–approved, relational database study in the Hemangioma and Vascular Birthmark Center at the Children's Hospital of Buffalo (Buffalo, NY) from July 1998 to April 2000. This included 68 patients with hemangiomas and 30 with vascular malformations. Data regarding presenting and final diagnosis and satisfaction of patient or family (or both) were obtained.ResultsAnalysis of diagnostic accuracy revealed a concurrence between initial and final combined clinical and magnetic resonance imaging–based diagnosis in only 37% of cases. Analysis of patient and family satisfaction with the care received from previous consultants revealed only 26% “entirely” satisfied, 26% “somewhat” satisfied, and 37% “not at all” satisfied. On average, 2.5 (SD = 1.6; range, 1–9; median, 2) different physicians saw the patient before the patient or family (or both) was satisfied.ConclusionsAccurate diagnosis of hemangiomas and vascular malformations remains a challenge for physicians. Confusing terminology, lack of knowledge regarding lesion behavior, and poorly understood diagnostic criteria by physicians are some of the reasons for patient frustration. Education of primary care providers through improved communication helps to optimize a coordinated, interdisciplinary approach to patients and their families who present with vascular anomalies.
Risk of Injury to the External Branch of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve in Thyroidectomy
Authors: Hurtado‐Lopez Luis Mauricio , Zaldivar‐Ramírez Felipe Rafael 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective To establish in the Mexican population with thyroid disease the risk of injury to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) based on its anatomical position.Study Design Nonrandomized comparative clinical trial.Methods Seventy‐three patients subjected to thyroidectomy because of thyroid nodule in which the EBSLN was identified and classified. The dependent variable was Cernea' classification of the EBSLN, and the independent variables were weight (in grams) of the nodule, side studied, gender, and age. For statistical analysis, χ2 test, Fisher's Exact test, and analysis of multiple variables (analysis of variance) were used.Results We studied 73 patients; 64 (87.62%) were women and 9 (12.38%) were men (average age, 39.3 years [age range, 17–73 y]; median age, 40 y; mode, 40 y; SD ± 23.4 y). Regarding location of the EBSLN, for pathological lobes, 78.1% were located in a high‐risk position and for nonpathological lobes, 72.7%. Comparative analysis between sides and relation between weight and classification revealed no statistical significance.Conclusion The frequency of high‐risk position for EBSLN lesion in our milieu was higher than that reported in series from other countries and races.
Differential Effects of Short‐Chain Fatty Acids on Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Krishna Srinivasan , Brown Neil , Faller Douglas V. , Spanjaard Remco A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a major cause of mortality. Despite advances in therapeutic modalities, recurrences and second primaries are commonly observed. Biological agents that can suppress growth of tumors that are otherwise difficult to treat are greatly needed. The present study examined the effects of short‐chain fatty acids on HNSCC cell lines.Study Design The effects of short‐chain fatty acids on HNSCC cells was examined using tissue culture and immunoblotting techniques.Methods The effects of four short‐chain fatty acids, arginine butyrate, α‐methyl hydrocinnamic acid, 2,2‐dimethylbutyrate, and α‐lipoic acid, were evaluated on four HNSCC cell lines (FaDu, SCC9, SCC25, and Detroit‐562). Proliferation assays were performed by means of spectrophotometric techniques. Histone deacetylase activity was assessed by identifying the amount of acetylated histone H4. Involucrin expression was determined to assess cellular differentiation.Results Inhibition of cellular proliferation was determined after 5 days of incubation with increasing doses with short‐chain fatty acids. Arginine butyrate and α‐lipoic acid were most effective in suppressing growth. Arginine butyrate demonstrated strong histone deacetylase inhibition in FaDu cells, while not inducing cellular differentiation. The short‐chain fatty acid α‐lipoic acid demonstrated weak histone deacetylase inhibition but was the only short‐chain fatty acid that induced involucrin expression in at least two of the cell lines. Histone deacetylase inhibitory activity or induction of involucrin expression correlated with suppression of cell growth.Conclusions Short‐chain fatty acids have variable effects on HNSCC cells. Arginine butyrate and α‐lipoic acid are the most effective in suppressing growth and appear to do so through different biochemical mechanisms. These compounds warrant further research as chemotherapeutic or chemopreventive agents in HNSCC.
Adenotonsillectomy as a Treatment Option for Poststreptococcal Uveitis
Authors: Ovchinsky Alexander , Schulman Susan , Rosenfeld Richard M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives To report recurrent uveitis as a manifestation of poststreptococcal syndrome and discuss a role of adenotonsillectomy as a treatment option.Study Design Case study.Methods A case report of a 6‐year‐old, otherwise healthy girl with group A streptococcal uveitis managed successfully with adenotonsillectomy.Results In the year after surgery there were only two episodes of uveitis, contrasted with a preoperative 3‐year history of 8 to 10 annual episodes despite corticosteroid therapy. Moreover, as a result of the postoperative improvement the child was able to avoid impending methotrexate therapy.Conclusions Although the role of tonsillectomy in managing poststreptococcal uveitis is unknown, our results suggest a positive impact independent of the baseline tonsillitis frequency. Otolaryngologists should be aware of these uncommon sequelae of streptococcal infection and the potential role of tonsillectomy in treatment.