bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increase in the Life Expectancy of Patients with Cancer in the United States
Authors: Devasia Theresa P. , Howlader Nadia , Dewar Ron A. , Stevens Jennifer L. , Mittu Karen , Mariotto Angela B. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background:
Cancer is becoming more of a chronic disease due to improvements in treatment and early detection for multiple cancer sites. To gain insight on increased life expectancy due to these improvements, we quantified trends in the loss in expectation of life (LEL) due to a cancer diagnosis for six cancer sites from 1975 through 2018.

Methods:
We focused on patients diagnosed with female breast cancer, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), colon and rectum cancer, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), lung cancer, or melanoma between 1975 and 2018 from nine Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registries. Life expectancies for patients with cancer ages 50+ were modeled using flexible parametric survival models. LEL was calculated as the difference between general population life expectancy and life expectancy for patients with cancer.

Results:
Over 2 million patients were diagnosed with one of the six cancers between 1975 and 2018. Large increases in life expectancy were observed between 1990 and 2010 for female breast, DLBCL, and CML. Patients with colon and rectum cancer and melanoma had more gradual improvements in life expectancy. Lung cancer LEL only began decreasing after 2005. Increases in life expectancy corresponded with decreases in LEL for patients with cancer.

Conclusions:
The reported gains in life expectancy largely correspond to progress in the screening, management, and treatment of these six cancers since 1975.

Impact:
LEL provides an important public health perspective on how improvements in treatment and early detection and their impacts on survival translate into changes in cancer patients’ life expectancy.
Evidence and Mechanisms for Embolic Stroke in Contralateral Hemispheres From Carotid Artery Sources
Authors: Roopnarinesingh Ricardo , Leppert Michelle , Mukherjee Debanjan 
Published: November 2023

Background
Disambiguation of embolus pathogenesis in embolic strokes is often a clinical challenge. One common source of embolic stroke is the carotid arteries, with emboli originating due to plaque buildup or perioperatively during revascularization procedures. Although it is commonly thought that thromboemboli from carotid sources travel to cerebral arteries ipsilaterally, there are existing reports of contralateral embolic events that complicate embolus source destination relationship for carotid sources. Here, we hypothesize that emboli from carotid sources can travel to contralateral hemispheres and that embolus interactions with collateral hemodynamics in the circle of Willis influence this process.

Methods and Results

We use a patient‐specific computational embolus‐hemodynamics interaction model developed in prior works to conduct an in silico experiment spanning 4 patient vascular models, 6 circle of Willis anastomosis variants, and 3 different thromboembolus sizes released from left and right carotid artery sites. This led to a total of 144 different experiments, estimating trajectories and distribution of approximately 1.728 million embolus samples. Across all cases considered, emboli from left and right carotid sources showed nonzero contralateral transport (
P
value <−0.05). Contralateral movement revealed a size dependence, with smaller emboli traveling more contralaterally. Detailed analysis of embolus dynamics revealed that collateral flow routes in the circle of Willis played a role in routing emboli, and transhemispheric movement occurred through the anterior and posterior communicating arteries in the circle of Willis.

Conclusions
We generated quantitative data demonstrating the complex dynamics of finite size thromboembolus particles as they interact with pulsatile arterial hemodynamics and traverse the vascular network of the circle of Willis. This leads to a nonintuitive source‐destination relationship for emboli originating from carotid artery sites, and emboli from carotid sources can potentially travel to cerebral arteries on contralateral hemispheres.
Transpulmonary Expression of Exosomal microRNAs in Idiopathic and Congenital Heart Disease–Related Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Chang Wei‐Ting , Lee Wei‐Chieh , Lin Yu‐Wen , Shih Jhih‐Yuan , Hong Chon‐Seng , Chen Zhih‐Cherng , Chu Chun‐Yuan , Hsu Chih‐Hsin 
Published: November 2023

Background
Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease characterized by a complex pathogenesis. Exosomes containing microRNAs (miRs) have emerged as a novel biomarker. Transpulmonary exosomal miRs offer valuable insights into pulmonary circulation microenvironments. Hereby, we aimed to explore the potentials of transpulmonary exosomal miRs as differentiating factors between idiopathic PAH and congenital heart disease (CHD)–related PAH.

Methods and Results
During right heart catheterization, we collected exosomes at pulmonary arteries in 25 patients diagnosed with idiopathic PAH and 20 patients with CHD‐related PAH. Next‐generation sequencing identified several candidate exosomal miRs. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we validated the expressions of these miRs and revealed significantly elevated expressions of miR‐21, miR‐139‐5p, miR‐155‐5p, let‐7f‐5p, miR‐328‐3p, miR‐330‐3p, and miR‐103a‐3p in patients with CHD‐related PAH, in contrast to patients with idiopathic PAH. Among these miRs, miR‐21 exhibited the highest expression in patients with CHD‐related PAH. These findings were further corroborated in an external cohort comprising 10 patients with idiopathic PAH and 8 patients with CHD‐related PAH. Using an in vitro flow model simulating the shear stress experienced by pulmonary endothelial cells, we observed a significant upregulation of miR‐21. Suppressing miR‐21 rescued the shear stress–induced downregulation of the RAS/phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B pathway, leading to a mitigation of apoptosis.

Conclusions
Our study identified a pronounced expression of transpulmonary exosomal miR‐21, particularly in patients with CHD‐related PAH, through next‐generation sequencing analysis. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms involving miR‐21 in the pathophysiology of PAH.
Notions of Freedom in the Rise of a Sumbanese Christianity (1902–2002)
Authors: Smilde Anne Magda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Dutch neo-Calvinist mission (Zending) on Sumba in Indonesia, an area known for its Marapu ancestor religion, started in 1902. The independent Sumbanese church (Gereja Kristen Sumba, GKS) was established at the 1947 Synod. One century later, by 2002, two out of three inhabitants were Christian. The research question is whether the rise of a vital GKS was facilitated by education and ‘antithetical’ notions of freedom offered by neo-Calvinist Zending. The answer is that the Zending empowered Sumbanese Christians to decide for themselves whether to preserve traditional customs (adat), so they could build the GKS from the bottom up. This answer is based on archival material – including the unexplored archive of Rev. P.J. Lambooij – and on a dozen semi-structured interviews with Sumbanese spokespersons in 2006, 2016 and 2019. Macro-level explanations – capitalism, modernity, or colonialism – hardly appear to account for the transformation to Sumbanese Christianity.
Excreted and Left Untreated? Human and Animal Waste: from Dunhuang to Laozi
Authors: Sterckx Roel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Texts from pre-imperial and early imperial China are replete with dietary information, regimens for nourishing the body and instructions on how not to soil its inner purity. Sources have far less to say about the body’s effluvia and the waste and muck that is shed and excreted by human and non-human animals. This article studies references to excreta and excretion in early China. It shows how human and animal faeces as well as the locus of excretion connoted both negative and positive spheres. Excreta were deemed noxious yet also beneficial, they were to be discarded yet also reused. Latrines were liminal zones, operating at the intersection of social propriety and physical and moral rejection. The process of excretion made the body vulnerable to external influences such as demonic illness, yet faecal matter of itself also had medicinal healing powers. In agriculture, matter exuded was matter used to fecundate and fertilize crops. The waste and human nightsoil that accumulated in the concealed domestic space of the latrine and pigpen ended up as sought-after produce infusing life into seeds, fields, and public productivity. By bringing together evidence across a range of textual and material sources – from latrines, to pigs, to a line in the Laozi 老子 and its commentaries – this article traces excretory experience and matter through its cycle from defecation to regeneration.
The Use of Spatial Information in Area-level Models: An Evaluation Based on Auxiliary Data Availability
Authors: Pratesi M. , Marchetti S. , Giusti C. , Salvati N. 
Published: November 2023

The small area estimation (SAE) theory is widely used when local or domain-specific reliable estimates based on survey data are needed. Small area model-based estimates use a model that links the response variable to some auxiliary information borrowing strength from the related areas. When geographical information on the areas of interest is available, the specification of a spatial area level model can increase the estimates’ efficiency, depending on available auxiliary data. In this article, we first review the most popular area level spatial models, and we then compare their performance under two alternative scenarios of auxiliary information availability to estimate the average equivalized household income in Italian Local Labour Market Areas (LLMAs) using the EU-SILC (European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) survey data. Our findings suggest that the spatial information can “fill the gap” when the covariates do not have a high predictive power, a crucial result when there is lack of auxiliary data. AMS Subject Classification: 62D05, 62G05, 62H11
Valitrack study: Objective evaluation of medical compression wearing time and patient activity with the Accutrack® by Sigvaris Group sensor
Authors: Crébassa Vincent , Grenier Etienne M. , Batot Geraldine Mme , Matieu-Dupas Eve , Chaigneau Cyril M. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction Objective measurement of compliance is mandatory to evaluate therapeutic effects and clinical benefits of medical compression stockings. This Valitrack study evaluates the Accutrack sensor equipped with an accelerometer. The evaluation is done under controlled and free conditions and during washing. Results Global accordance results are excellent: Sensitivity (98.6%) and specificity (95.2%) and 92% of patients are not disturbed by the sensors when putting on the stockings. Discussion Thanks to its specificities one sensor per patient is sufficient. Its sensitivity distinguishes still and active positions. Only hand washing remains a false positive. The Accutrack sensor objectively measures compliance and will not be a bias because 96% of patients forget it. Conclusions Objective compliance measurement with Accutrack allows us to evaluate the efficacity of compression, the reasons of non-compliance, and the patient's actual physical activity according to its accelerometer time-stamped.
Who cares for those who care? The role of healthcare leaders’ regulation of followers’ emotions on follower job satisfaction
Authors: Kunst Hannah , Nguyen Helena , Johnson Anya , Mo Shenjiang , MacCann Carolyn 
Published: November 2023

In Australia and worldwide, healthcare is experiencing a workforce crisis, making the maintenance or improvement of job satisfaction a critical focus for healthcare leaders. This study examines how healthcare leaders influence followers’ affective experience by regulating their followers’ emotions. Building on Affective Events Theory and Conservation of Resources Theory, we investigate the influence of leaders’ use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression strategies on follower affect and job satisfaction. Data were collected from 337 healthcare workers and 54 leaders over two timepoints. Leaders’ reappraisal increased followers’ job satisfaction whereas suppression decreased job satisfaction (controlling for followers’ own emotion regulation strategies). These effects were mediated by followers’ affect and moderated by followers’ capacity to cope with change. Our results provide new theoretical and practical insights into how healthcare leaders regulate followers’ emotions. JEL Classification: D23, J24, M50
Tackling late HIV diagnosis: Lessons from the UK in the COVID-19 era
Authors: Boardman Emily , Boffito Marta , Chadwick David R , Cheserem Emily , Kabagambe Samuel , Kasadha Bakita , Elliott Cindy 
Published: November 2023

Introduction Late diagnosis of HIV is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and an increased risk of non-infectious comorbidities. On a societal level, late diagnosis leads to higher treatment and healthcare costs and is a major driver of HIV transmission. Despite improvements in other areas of the HIV care pathway, late diagnosis remains an individual and public health concern globally. Objective To examine the barriers to HIV testing and highlight successful strategies to improve prompt diagnosis. This review describes the prevalence of late diagnosis in the UK and discusses key factors that contribute to late diagnosis, including the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. Late HIV diagnosis is lower in the UK than in most other European countries. In this review, pilot projects and ongoing initiatives that have reduced late diagnosis in the UK are highlighted; moreover, further strategies for improving prompt diagnosis are suggested. Conclusions Insufficient testing is the fundamental reason for late HIV diagnosis, with societal, systemic, and individual factors all contributing to inadequate testing. Improving access to testing, removing barriers to health-seeking behaviour, and ensuring all people with HIV indicator conditions are promptly tested are key to reducing the rates of late diagnosis globally.
Reconsidering FDA Guidelines: A Single-Center Experience of Prolonged Impella 5.5 Support
Authors: Valdes Carlos Alberto , Stinson Griffin , Sharaf Omar M. , Jimenez Contreras Fabian , Bilgili Ahmet , Ahmed Mustafa M. , Vilaro Juan , Parker Alex M. , Al-Ani Mohammad A. Z. , Demos Daniel , Aranda Juan , Bleiweis Mark , Beaver Thomas M. , Jeng Eric I. 
Published: November 2023

Objective: Impella 5.5 (Abiomed, Danvers, MA, USA) is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for mechanical circulatory support for ≤14 days. It is unknown whether prolonged support is associated with worse outcomes. We sought to review our single-center experience with Impella 5.5 and compare outcomes based on support duration. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed adult patients (≥18 years old) supported with Impella 5.5 at our institution (May 2020 to April 2023). Patients on prolonged support (>14 days) were compared with those supported for ≤14 days. Results: There were 31 patients supported with Impella 5.5 including 14 (45.2%) supported >14 days. Median support duration for those on prolonged support was 43.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 25 to 63.5) days versus 8 (IQR 6, 13) days for those who were not ( P < 0.001). Overall, the device-related complication rate was 9.7% and did not differ between groups ( P = 0.08). Overall, 30-day postimplant survival was 71% and did not differ by support duration ( P = 0.2). In-hospital mortality was 32% and did not differ between cohorts ( P > 0.99). Among those surviving to explant ( n = 22), long-term strategy included bridge to durable ventricular assist device (18%, n = 4), cardiac transplant (55%, n = 12), and cardiac recovery (27%, n = 6). Conclusions: High-risk patients with cardiogenic shock may be supported with Impella 5.5 beyond the FDA-approved duration without increased risk of complications or mortality.
Discharge transitional care programme for older adults after hip fracture surgery: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Ko YoungJi , Hwang Jong-Moon , Baek Seung-Hoon 
Published: November 2023

Background: Hip fractures require extended periods of recovery and rehabilitation, subjecting older adults to discontinuous care. Discharge transition is a critical point of heightened vulnerability for older adults. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a transitional care programme on the physical functions and quality of life (QOL) of older adults after hip fracture surgery. Methods: Seventy-five older adults were assessed from pre-discharge to 6 weeks after hip surgery, and their physical functions, including walking status and activities of daily living, were measured. The QOL was measured using the European Quality of life-5 Dimensions-5 Levels (EQ 5D 5L). Results: There was a significant strong effect of time ( B = 10.565; 95% CI = 2.584–18.547; p = 0.009) on the EuroQol Visual Analog Scale (EQ-VAS) for the experimental group. However, there were no significant effects of time on physical functions and EQ-5D-5L scores. Conclusions: The discharge transitional care programme improved the EQ-VAS of older adults following hip fracture surgery 6 weeks post-surgery. However, there were no significant differences in physical functions and EQ-5D between the groups.
The Posterosuperior Tetralogy Scoring System as a Practical Tool to Predict Shoulder Function After Posterosuperior Large-to-Massive Rotator Cuff Repairs
Authors: Guo Siyi , Zhu Yiming , Lu Yi , Zhang Pu , Zheng Tong , Qin Qihuang , Jiang Chunyan 
Published: November 2023

Background: Fatty infiltration (FI) or atrophy alone has been found to be inaccurate in predicting shoulder function after repair of large-to-massive rotator cuff tears (L/MRCTs), especially when a diverse extent of FI and atrophy presents in multiple rotator cuff muscles. Purpose/Hypothesis: The Posterosuperior Tetralogy Scoring System (PS-Tetra Score), which integrates FI and atrophy, was proposed to predict shoulder function after surgery. It was hypothesized was that a PS-Tetra Score ≥3 would be a risk factor for poor shoulder function after repair of posterosuperior L/MRCTs and would possess greater diagnostic value than using isolated FI or atrophy of the supraspinatus (SSP) or infraspinatus (ISP). Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 187 arthroscopic repairs of posterosuperior L/MRCTs were reviewed. Magnetic resonance imaging evaluations were performed of FI and atrophy of the SSP and ISP, teres minor hypertrophy, tendon retraction, and acromiohumeral distance. A postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score of 70 was used to subgroup patients according to shoulder function. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the risk factors of poor shoulder function (ASES ≤70). The diagnostic values of different indicators for predicting shoulder function were evaluated. Results: In univariate analysis, female sex, higher Goutallier grade of the SSP and ISP, positive SSP tangent sign, and PS-Tetra Score ≥3 was significantly associated with ASES score ≤70, whereas in binary logistic regression analysis, a PS-Tetra Score ≥3 was the only significant risk factor for poor shoulder function. The occurrence rate of poor function in shoulders with a PS-Tetra Score of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 0% (0/52), 0% (0/52), 19.57% (9/46), 58.06% (18/31), and 83.33% (5/6), respectively. PS-Tetra Score ≥3 possessed higher crude agreement (87.70%), specificity (90.97%), positive predictive value (62.16%), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.814) than the other 3 indicators, with relatively high negative predictive value (94.00%) and moderate sensitivity (71.88%). Conclusion: PS-Tetra Score ≥3 was a risk factor of poor shoulder function after repair of posterosuperior L/MRCTs and possessed greater diagnostic value than using isolated FI or atrophy of SSP or ISP alone for predicting shoulder function.
The future of banking: What are the actual barriers to bank digitalization?
Authors: Ulrich-Diener Florian , Dvouletý Ondřej , Špaček Miroslav 
Published: November 2023

The banking sector must confront challenges arising from globalization, the demand for new business models (BMs), increasing regulation, and ever-advancing digitalization. In this context, innovative competitors, namely FinTechs, are challenging banks and forcing them to rethink existing strategies and structures. In particular, the digital transformation of BMs that have been in place for decades represents a major challenge for companies and their executives. In this article, 407 German bank representatives were surveyed to identify, quantify, and analyze implementation barriers in the context of bank digitalization from a decision-maker’s perspective. By applying structural equation modeling, the authors quantified a variety of barriers and tested their influence on the degree of digitalization at banks. The study uncovered structural relationships between barriers expressed as observed variables— personal involvement, strategic corporate management, technology and regulation, and employees—and the degree of digitalization as a latent variable of banks. The findings increase bank practitioners’ understanding and awareness of barriers to digitalization and contribute to the field of bank digitalization.JEL Classification: G21, M1, O33
Effects of Mobile Stroke Unit dispatch on blood pressure management and outcomes in patients with intracerebral haematoma: Results from the Berlin_Prehospital Or Usual Care Delivery in acute Stroke (B_PROUD) controlled intervention study
Authors: Schwabauer Eugen , Piccininni Marco , Freitag Erik , Ebinger Martin , Geisler Frederik , Harmel Peter , Hille Annegret , Lorenz-Meyer Irina , Rohrpasser-Napierkowski Ira , Kurth Tobias , Rohmann Jessica L , Endres Matthias , Schlunk Frieder , Weber Joachim , Wendt Matthias , Audebert Heinrich J 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: In patients with acute intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and elevated systolic blood pressure (BP), guidelines suggest that systolic BP reduction to <140 mmHg should be rapidly initiated. Compared with conventional care, Mobile Stroke Units (MSUs) allow for earlier ICH diagnosis through prehospital imaging and earlier BP lowering. Patients and methods: ICH patients were prospectively evaluated as a cohort of the controlled B_PROUD-study in which MSU availability alone determined MSU dispatch in addition to conventional ambulance. We used inverse probability of treatment weighting to adjust for confounding to estimate the effect of additional MSU dispatch in ICH patients. Outcomes of interest were 7-day mortality (primary), systolic BP (sBP) at hospital arrival, dispatch-to-imaging time, largest haematoma volume, anticoagulation reversal, length of in-hospital stay, 3-month functional outcome. Results: Between February 2017 and May 2019, MSUs were dispatched to 95 (mean age: 72 ± 13 years, 45% female) and only conventional ambulances to 78 ICH patients (mean age: 71 ± 12 years, 44% female). After adjusting for confounding, we found shorter dispatch-to-imaging time (mean difference: -17.75 min, 95% CI: −27.16 to −8.21 min) and lower sBP at hospital arrival (mean difference = −16.31 mmHg, 95% CI: −30.64 to −6.19 mmHg) in the MSU group. We found no statistically significant difference for the other outcomes, including 7-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio: 1.43, 95% CI: 0.68 to 3.31) or favourable outcome (adjusted odds ratio = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.27 to 1.67). Conclusions: Although MSU dispatch led to sBP reduction and lower dispatch-to-imaging time compared to conventional ambulance care, we found no evidence of better outcomes in the MSU dispatch group.