bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of leucovorin in plasma: validation and application to a pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers
Authors: Duan Geng‐Li , Zheng Lu‐Xia , Chen Jun , Cheng Wu‐Ben , Li Duan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA sensitive and reliable high‐performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method, using a solid‐phase extraction (SPE), was developed and validated for determination of leucovorin (LV) in human plasma. Plasma sample was extracted by using a Sep‐Pak cartridge which could be renewable. The sample was analyzed by HPLC with UV detection at 286 nm. The method was shown to perform selectively and sensitively for LV. The main metabolite of LV, 5‐methyltetrahydrofolic acid, and endogenous substances in plasma did not show any interference in the analysis. The limit of detection was 10 ng/mL for LV in plasma and the linear range was 50–1500 ng/mL in plasma. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of intra‐day and inter‐day assays was 2.8–6.1% and 2.4–5.3%, respectively. The extraction recoveries of LV in plasma were over 90%. The method was proved to be applicable to the pharmacokinetic study of LV in healthy volunteers after a single oral administration (75 mg). The pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bioavailability were investigated for domestic LV tablet and capsule vs an imported tablet. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of flucytosine and fluorouracil in human plasma by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Sastre Toraño J. , Vermes A. , Guchelaar H.‐J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA validated, sensitive and precise reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of 5‐flucytosine (5‐FC) and 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in human plasma is described. Two compounds, 5‐methylcytosine (5‐MC) and 5‐chlorouracil (5‐CU), were used as internal standards for the determination of 5‐FC and 5‐FU, respectively. Plasma samples were deproteinized with trichloroacetic acid and chromatographed on an octylsilica column, maintained at 30°C during elution, using a 0.04 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, as eleunt. Spectrophotometric diode array detection was used at 266 nm. 5‐FC, 5‐FU, 5‐MC and 5‐CU were found to have retention times of 4.8, 5.8, 7.7 and 11.0 min respectively. Recoveries of 91–120% with reproducibility and repeatability coefficients of variation of 0.8–6% were obtained. Mean correlation coefficients of 0.99989 and 0.9995 were found for the linear calibration curves (n = 2) of 5‐FC (4.816–192.6 mg/l) and 5‐FU (0.05368–5.368 mg/l), respectively. The limits of quantitation were 0.3 mg/l for 5‐FC and 0.05 mg/l for 5‐FU. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abbreviations used:

5‐CU

5‐chlorouracil

5‐FC

5‐flucytosine

FdUMP

5‐fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate

5‐FU

5‐fluorouracil

FUTP

5‐fluorouridine triphosphate

HLQ

higher limit of quantitation

LLQ

lower limit of quantitation

5‐MC

5‐methylcytosine

TDM

therapeutic drug monitoring.
A solid phase extraction reversed‐phase HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of methoprene, permethrin and selected metabolites in rat plasma and urine
Authors: Abu‐Qare Aqel W. , Abou‐Donia Mohamed B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA method was validated and applied for the analysis of the insect growth regulator methoprene [Isopropyl (2E,4E)‐11‐methoxy‐3,7,11‐trimethyldodeca‐2,4‐dienoate], its metabolite methoprene acid, the insecticide permethrin [3‐(2,2‐dichloro‐ethenyl)‐2,2‐dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid(3‐phenoxyphenyl)methylester], and two of its metabolites, m‐phenoxybenzyl alcohol and m‐phenoxybenzoic acid, in rat plasma and urine using solid‐phase extraction and reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography. The analytes were separated using gradient of 55–100% acetonitrile in water (pH 4.0) at a flow rate ranging between 0.6 and 1.0 mL/min over a period of 20 min, and UV detection at 210 and 254 nm. The retention times ranged from 7.3 to 18.4 min. The limits of detection ranged between 50 and 100 ng/ml, while limits of quantitation were 100–150 ng/mL. Average percentage recovery of five spiked plasma samples was 83.6 ± 3.9, 80.1 ± 5.4, 82.1 ± 4.4, 83.7 ± 3.9 and 83.1 ± 4.7, and from urine 79.3 ± 4.3, 82.0 ± 5.4, 80.7 ± 4.2, 78.9 ± 5.7 and 83.9 ± 4.5 for methoprene, methoprene acid, permethrin, m‐phenoxybenzyl alcohol and m‐phenoxybenzoic acid, respectively. The method was linear and reproducible over the range of 100–1000 ng/mL. This method was applied to analyze the above chemicals and metabolites following their combined administration in rats. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abbreviations used:

LOD

limit of detection

LOQ

limit of quantitation
Evaluation of practical sessions in clinical anatomy: A strategy for educational improvement
Authors: Tavares M.A.F. , Amandio J. Vieira , Cunha N. Trigueiros , Machado J. Dinis , Cardoso V. , Silva M.C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have evaluated the students' response to the practical teaching sessions in Clinical Anatomy in our Medical School using an action‐research method. The aim was to identify problems and to introduce changes that might improve both the program and the performance of the teaching staff. At the end of each section of the program, each student completed a “target type” questionnaire with eight different components. As each one quarter of the whole class had its own teacher, we used an analysis of variance to evaluate the target questions in the various sections of the program, and the performance of the four teachers. This research method gave us feedback on the students' responses while the program was in progress. The results emphasize the importance of action‐research in assessing and improving a developing program in a basic discipline of the medical curriculum. Clin. Anat. 15:51–55, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anomalous relationship of the spinal accessory nerve to the internal jugular vein
Authors: Gardiner K.J. , Irvine B.W. , Murray A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA patient with an early cancer of the tongue and undergoing a staging neck dissection was noted to have an anomalous relationship of the internal jugular vein and spinal accessory nerve. At the upper end of the dissection (level II, Memorial Sloan‐Kettering classification), the internal jugular vein was observed to divide above and reconstitute below the spinal accessory nerve. Although apparently not previously described in the literature, this finding may be encountered by other surgeons who operate in this area, and it is important that these anatomical variations are borne in mind to prevent inadvertent injury. Clin. Anat. 15:62–63, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The evaluation of retractions in sexual abuse cases
Authors: Tully Bryan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn some cases of alleged sexual abuse, the child or adult retracts allegations made. This poses problems for both civil and criminal legal proceedings. It is argued that the collection and examination of retraction statements often does not receive the same careful attention as is the case with the investigation of the original allegations. Logically, depending on whether the original complaints were true or false or a mixture, so the meaning of a retraction may vary. Where retractions are examined and evaluated with care they may be shown to add to the confidence of the final conclusion rather than simply throwing doubt on that. A systematic approach is described, followed by three cases where such application assisted and paradoxically added to the probative value of earlier statements. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amplatzing a 6 Fr Judkins right guiding catheter for increased success in complex right coronary artery anatomy
Authors: Abhaichand Rajpal K. , Lefèvre Thierry , Louvard Yves , Morice Marie‐Claude 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStent supported angioplasty is being performed in an increasing number of patients and, with advances in device technology, more morphologically complex lesions are being treated. In such a setting, it is extremely important to deliver the device to the target lesion. We describe a new technique that allows successful stent delivery in complex right coronary anatomy using the Judkins right guiding catheter. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:405–409. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute and 6‐month clinical and angiographic outcome after implantation of the ACS Duet stent for single‐vessel coronary artery disease: Final results of the European and U.S. ACS Multi‐link Duet Registry
Authors: Foley David P. , Kererakes Dean , te Riele Jan A.M. , Nishimura Naomi , Veldhof Susan , Fink Stan , Yeung Alan , van Hoogenhuyze Diederik , Lansky Alexandra M. , van Es Gerrit‐Anne , Kutryk Michael J.B. , Serruys Patrick W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the safety and efficacy of the second‐generation ACS Multi‐Link Duet coronary stent system for the treatment of single, symptomatic, de novo, native coronary artery lesions. Between February and June 1998, 427 patients (69.3% male, 51.5% class 3 or 4 angina, 20.1% diabetic, 43.6% hyperlipidemia) were included at 38 centers in this prospective observational study. All patients received ticlopidine 500 mg/day for 1 month and aspirin ≥100 mg/day. The Duet stent was available in 8, 18, and 28 mm length and 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 mm diameter. After adequate predilatation, stents were successfully implanted, at up to 16 atm, in 99.3% of patients. Mean vessel diameter by core laboratory quantitative coronary angiography was 3.0 ± 0.53 mm and postprocedural minimum luminal diameter was 2.79 ± 0.43 mm (12% ± 9.3% diameter stenosis). At 30 days, 96.7% of patients were event‐free and at 6 months 88.1% remained free of major adverse cardiac events. The restenosis rate was 18.1%. The ACS Duet stent was safely implanted in >99% of target lesions by a diverse group of international investigators. With late outcomes at least comparable to the best published results, this stent platform provides safe and effective percutaneous treatment of obstructive coronary artery disease. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:25–33. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is the “candy‐wrapper” effect of 32P radioactive β‐emitting stents due to remodeling or neointimal hyperplasia?: Insights from Intravascular Ultrasound
Authors: Hansen Alexander , Hehrlein Christoph , Hardt Stefan , Bekeredjian Raffi , Brachmann Johannes , Kubler Wolfgang , Bode Christoph , Kuecherer Helmut F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA recognized limitation of radioactive stents is the development of restenosis at the stent edges, known as the “candy‐wrapper” effect. The mechanisms of this effect remain incompletely understood and controversial. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of endovascular irradiation on neointima formation and vascular remodeling. 32P Palmaz‐Schatz stents (1.5–4 μCi) were implanted in 11 patients with restenosis after previous percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images of target sites and adjunct vessel segments were acquired both during intervention and after 6 months. The angiographic restenosis rate was 54%, and the MLD decreased from 2.21 ± 0.6 mm to 1.38 ± 0.4 mm at follow‐up (P < 0.01). IVUS analysis demonstrated that late lumen loss was the result of neointimal tissue proliferation, which was nonuniformly distributed and exaggerated at both the central articulation and the distal stent edges. Negative remodeling did not contribute to restenosis. In contrast, we found a linear relationship between increase of area stenosis and a positive remodeling index (r = 0.84, P < 0.0001). Restenosis after implantation of 32P Palmaz‐Schatz stents was mainly the result of neointimal tissue proliferation which tended to be nonuniformly distributed in the stent articulation and edges. Negative remodeling or stent recoil was not observed. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:41–48. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical and angiographic outcomes following elective implantation of the carbostent in patients at high risk of restenosis and target vessel failure
Authors: Antoniucci David , Valenti Renato , Migliorini Angela , Moschi Guia , Trapani Maurizio , Bolognese Leonardo , Santoro Giovanni Maria , Cerisano Giampaolo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Carbostent is a new balloon‐expandable, stainless steel, tubular stent with innovative multicellular design and unique turbostratic carbon coating. The aim of this study was to assess clinical and angiographic outcomes after Carbostent implantation in 112 patients poorly suitable for an effective treatment with stenting because of the high risk of thrombosis, late restenosis, and clinical target vessel failure. The inclusion criteria were age > 75 years, diabetes mellitus, a lesion length > 10 mm, a reference vessel diameter < 3.0 mm, an ostial location of the target lesion, and chronic total occlusion. Overall, a total of 175 stents ranging from 9 to 25 mm in length were placed in 147 lesions. There were no stenting attempt failures. The acute gain after stent implantation was 2.46 ± 0.51 mm, and the residual stenosis 0 ± 4%. No stent thrombosis occurred, nor myocardial infarction. The 6‐month event‐free survival rate was 74% ± 5%. The 6‐month angiographic follow‐up showed a late loss of 0.81 ± 0.88 mm and a binary (≥ 50%) restenosis rate of 25%. The results of this study suggest that the Carbostent may be highly effective in patients at high risk of restenosis and target vessel failure. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:420–426. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monitoring of a batch organic synthesis by near‐infrared spectroscopy: modeling and interpretation of three‐way data
Authors: Geladi Paul , Forsström Jennie 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThree‐way data of the type batch × time × NIR wavelength were obtained by NIR spectroscopic multivariate monitoring of an organic synthesis as a batch process. The model synthesis, an ester synthesis, was carried out as an experimental design. Unexpected technical problems caused a blocking effect that forced a modification of the design. After preprocessing of a reduced three‐way array, the spectral data in the three‐way array were subjected to parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). The loadings from this analysis could be interpreted and explained as a function of the synthesis studied. For the spectral interpretation, spectra of pure chemicals were needed. The paper is an illustration of what can be done with three‐way modeling in order to increase the understanding of a reaction, and it attempts to show how the results can be interpreted and presented. The data sets are available from the authors. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deleteagene: a fast neutron deletion mutagenesis‐based gene knockout system for plants
Authors: Li Xin , Lassner Michael , Zhang Yuelin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDeleteagene™ (Delete‐a‐gene) is a deletion‐based gene knockout system
for plants. To obtain deletion mutants for a specific gene, random deletion
libraries created by fast neutron mutagenesis are screened by polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) using primers flanking the target gene. By adjusting the PCR
extension time to preferentially amplify the deletion alleles, deletion mutants
can be identified in pools of DNA samples with each sample representing more
than a thousand mutant lines. In Arabidopsis, knockout plants for greater
than 80% of targeted genes have been obtained from a population of 51 840
lines. A large number of deletion mutants have been identified and multiple
deletion alleles are often recovered for targeted loci. In Arabidopsis,
the method is very useful for targeting small genes and can be used to find
deletion mutants mutating two or three tandem homologous genes. In addition,
the method is demonstrated to be effective in rice as a deletion mutant for
a rice gene was obtained with a similar approach. Because fast neutron mutagenesis
is applicable to all plant genetic systems, Deleteagene™ has the potential
to enable reverse genetics for a wide range of plant species. Copyright ©
2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure, conformation, and mechanism in the membrane transport of alkali metal ions by ionophoric antibiotics
Authors: Riddell Frank G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecent progress in studies of the mechanism of transport of alkali metal ions by ionophoric antibiotics and the structures of alkali metal salts of the ionophores monensin and narasin is reviewed. The structures obtained from 2D NMR experiments in solution provide considerable insights into the mechanisms of transport. Chirality 14:121–125, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pharmacokinetics of the active antifungal enantiomer, SCH 42427 (RR), and evaluation of its chiral inversion in animals following its oral administration and the oral administration of its racemate genaconazole (RR/SS)
Authors: Kim Hong , Radwanski Elaine , Lovey Raymond , Lin Chin‐Chung , Nomeir Amin A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGenaconazole (SCH 39304) is a potent triazole antifungal agent that is active both orally and topically. Genaconazole is a racemic mixture which contains 50% of the RR (SCH 42427) and 50% of the SS (SCH 42426) enantiomers. The RR isomer accounts for most of the antifungal activity of genaconazole. Serum concentrations of the RR and SS enantiomers were analyzed by a chiral HPLC method which involved extraction of serum with organic solvent followed by separation on a Cyclobond I column and quantification by UV absorbance at 205 nm. The bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profiles of the two enantiomers after oral administration of the racemate (genaconazole) were very similar in cynomolgus monkeys. In rats following dosing with genaconazole, the RR enantiomer had a lower Cmax and a longer t1/2 than the SS enantiomer, while the AUC(I) values of the two enantiomers were similar. Based on chiral HPLC analysis, there was no evidence for the inversion of the RR to the SR isomer, or of the SS to the SR isomer, indicating that there was no chiral inversion of the RR or SS enantiomers in either species. Genaconazole at 20 mg/kg and the RR (SCH 42427) enantiomer at 10 mg/kg had very similar serum concentration–time profiles and Cmax, AUC(I), and t1/2 values for the RR enantiomer in both rats and monkeys, indicating that the two treatments were equivalent with respect to the bioavailability of the RR enantiomer. Chirality 14:436–441, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous analysis of enantiomeric composition of amino acids and N‐acetyl‐amino acids by enantioselective chromatography
Authors: Yu Yi‐Ping , Wu Shih‐Hsiung 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAmong the three chiral columns, CHIROBIOTIC T™, CHIRLPAK WH, and CHIRALCEL OD‐R, tested for the separation of racemic amino acids and N‐acetyl‐amino acids, only CHIROBIOTIC T™ chiral column which is based on covalently bonded amphoteric glycopeptide, teicoplanin, as the stationary phase ligand could be successfully developed to enantiomerically separate racemic amino acids and N‐acetyl amino acids simultaneously. This method can be used to determine the enantiomeric composition of amino acids and N‐acetyl‐amino acids in the catalysis of D‐aminoacylase or L‐aminoacylase and the conversion rate of N‐acylamino acid racemases. Chirality 13:231–235, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic significance of serum thymidine phosphorylase concentration in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shimada Hideaki , Takeda Akihiko , Shiratori Tooru , Nabeya Yoshihiro , Okazumi Shin‐ichi , Matsubara Hisahiro , Funami Yutaka , Hayashi Hideki , Gunji Yoshio , Kobayashi Susumu , Suzuki Takao , Ochiai Takenori 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThymidine phosphorylase (dThdPase), which also is referred to as platelet‐derived endothelial cell growth factor, is a potent inducer of angiogenesis in malignant tumors. Increased dThdPase expression and activity have been found to be associated with poor prognosis in various solid tumor tissues. Because very little was known about the significance of serum dThdPase concentration (S‐dThdPase), the objective of this study was to analyze the clinicopathologic significance of S‐dThdPase in the patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.METHODSThe S‐dThdPase was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in 77 healthy controls and 153 patients with primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. A total of 80 patients underwent surgery alone; 46 patients received chemoradiotherapy alone; 17 patients received chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery; and 10 patients did not receive any treatment. Thymidine phosphorylase expression in esophageal carcinoma tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry. The clinicopathologic value and prognostic value of S‐dThdPase was determined in 80 patients treated by surgery alone.RESULTSThe S‐dThdPase is significantly higher in patients with esophageal carcinoma than in healthy controls (30.8 ± 31.8 ng/mL vs. 13.8 ± 7.6 ng/mL; P < 0.001). Statistically significant differences in S‐dThdPases were observed depending on tumor size (P < 0.01) and tumor depth (P < 0.01). A S‐dThdPase of more than 29.0 ng/mL (which represented the mean plus 2 standard deviation of the concentration in healthy controls) was associated with dThdPase expression (P = 0.022), poor response (P = 0.022), and poor survival (P < 0.01). Because S‐dThdPase was associated with tumor depth, S‐dThdPase was not an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.095).CONCLUSIONSA high S‐dThdPase is associated with depth of tumor invasion and poor response to treatment. Cancer 2002;94:1947–54. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10418
In vitro effects of STI 571‐containing drug combinations on the growth of Philadelphia‐positive chronic myelogenous leukemia cells
Authors: Scappini Barbara , Onida Francesco , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Dong Li , Verstovsek Srdan , Keating Michael J. , Beran Miloslav 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDChronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is characterized by a molecular aberration, a fusion BCR‐ABL gene encoding for aberrant tyrosine kinase activity, which is crucial in the pathogenesis of CML. In vitro, inhibition of BCR‐ABL protein tyrosine kinase activity by a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Imatinib mesylate (STI571; formerly CGP57148B), successfully suppressed proliferation/survival of the BCR‐ABL positive clones. In clinical studies, hematologic and cytogenetic remissions have been achieved in most patients with chronic phase CML; in accelerated and blastic phases of CML, STI571 appeared less effective. In the current study, the authors tested combinations of STI571 and cytarabine and homoharringtonine (HHT), drugs with documented activity in CML.METHODSThe single agents and their combinations were studied for in vitro effect on proliferation of BCR‐ABL positive cell lines KBM5 and KBM7 by 3(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2yl)‐2,5 diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide assay and on primary patient‐derived BCR‐ABL cells by clonogenic assays. The in vitro additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects of cytarabine and HHT with STI571 were then investigated by computer‐assisted analysis using the CalcuSyn software.RESULTSSTI571 consistently suppressed BCR‐ABL positive cell proliferation with a dose‐effect correlation. In the model system used, STI571/cytarabine and STI571/HHT combinations were more effective in inhibiting KBM5 and KBM7 cell growth than each drug as single agent. These results were also verified in primary CML‐derived clonogenic cells in semisolid cultures.CONCLUSIONSIn this experimental system, our studies documented additive or synergistic effects with STI571 plus cytarabine or HHT, supporting the future use of STI571 combinations in clinical trials in patients with Philadelphia chromosome‐positive leukemias. Cancer 2002;94:2653–62. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10543