bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canalizing cell fate by transcriptional repression
Authors: Lim Bryce , Domsch Katrin , Mall Moritz , Lohmann Ingrid 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPrecision in the establishment and maintenance of cellular identities is crucial for the development of multicellular organisms and requires tight regulation of gene expression. While extensive research has focused on understanding cell type-specific gene activation, the complex mechanisms underlying the transcriptional repression of alternative fates are not fully understood. Here, we provide an overview of the repressive mechanisms involved in cell fate regulation. We discuss the molecular machinery responsible for suppressing alternative fates and highlight the crucial role of sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs) in this process. Depletion of these TFs can result in unwanted gene expression and increased cellular plasticity. We suggest that these TFs recruit cell type-specific repressive complexes to their cis-regulatory elements, enabling them to modulate chromatin accessibility in a context-dependent manner. This modulation effectively suppresses master regulators of alternative fate programs and their downstream targets. The modularity and dynamic behavior of these repressive complexes enables a limited number of repressors to canalize and maintain major and minor cell fate decisions at different stages of development.
SLE serum induces altered goblet cell differentiation and leakiness in human intestinal organoids
Authors: Hensel Inga Viktoria , Éliás Szabolcs , Steinhauer Michelle , Stoll Bilgenaz , Benfatto Salvatore , Merkt Wolfgang , Krienke Stefan , Lorenz Hanns-Martin , Haas Jürgen , Wildemann Brigitte , Resnik-Docampo Martin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHuman intestinal epithelial cells are the interface between luminal content and basally residing immune cells. They form a tight monolayer that constantly secretes mucus creating a multilayered protective barrier. Alterations in this barrier can lead to increased permeability which is common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. However, it remains unexplored how the barrier is affected. Here, we present an in vitro model specifically designed to examine the effects of SLE on epithelial cells. We utilize human colon organoids that are stimulated with serum from SLE patients. Combining transcriptomic with functional analyses revealed that SLE serum induced an expression profile marked by a reduction of goblet cell markers and changed mucus composition. In addition, organoids exhibited imbalanced cellular composition along with enhanced permeability, altered mitochondrial function, and an interferon gene signature. Similarly, transcriptomic analysis of SLE colon biopsies revealed a downregulation of secretory markers. Our work uncovers a crucial connection between SLE and intestinal homeostasis that might be promoted in vivo through the blood, offering insights into the causal connection of barrier dysfunction and autoimmune diseases.
Excessive hypercholesterolemia in pregnancy impairs rat uterine artery function via activation of Toll-like receptor 4
Authors: de Oliveira Amanda A. , Elder Emma , Spaans Floor , Graton Murilo E. , Quon Anita , Kirschenman Raven , Wooldridge Amy L. , Cooke Christy-Lynn M. , Davidge Sandra T. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia in pregnancy is a physiological process required for normal fetal development. In contrast, excessive pregnancy-specific hypercholesterolemia increases the risk of complications, such as preeclampsia. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a membrane receptor modulated by high cholesterol levels, leading to endothelial dysfunction; but whether excessive hypercholesterolemia in pregnancy activates TLR4 is not known. We hypothesized that a high cholesterol diet (HCD) during pregnancy increases TLR4 activity in uterine arteries, leading to uterine artery dysfunction. Sprague Dawley rats were fed a control diet (n=12) or HCD (n=12) during pregnancy (gestational day 6–20). Vascular function was assessed in main uterine arteries using wire myography (vasodilation to methacholine and vasoconstriction to phenylephrine; with and without inhibitors for mechanistic pathways) and pressure myography (biomechanical properties). Exposure to a HCD during pregnancy increased maternal blood pressure, induced proteinuria, and reduced the fetal-to-placental weight ratio for both sexes. Excessive hypercholesterolemia in pregnancy also impaired vasodilation to methacholine in uterine arteries, whereby at higher doses, methacholine caused vasoconstriction instead of vasodilation in only the HCD group, which was prevented by inhibition of TLR4 or prostaglandin H synthase 1. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide levels were reduced in HCD compared with control dams. Vasoconstriction to phenylephrine and biomechanical properties were similar between groups. In summary, excessive hypercholesterolemia in pregnancy impairs uterine artery function, with TLR4 activation as a key mechanism. Thus, TLR4 may be a target for therapy development to prevent adverse perinatal outcomes in complicated pregnancies.
Novel EBG‐type power/ground network with open stub bridges for broadband SSN suppression
Authors: Shen Sheng‐Qi , Wang Xiao‐Hua , Shi Hai‐Xia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA novel electromagnetic bandgap power/ground (P/G) network is proposed by using λ/4 open stub resonators for the broadband suppression of the simultaneous switching noise. Since three λ/4 open stub resonators are linked to the bridge between the two cells as bandstop filter, the high‐order mode resonances can be effectively suppressed. The proposed P/G network is analyzed by the cavity modes, simulated by the full‐wave simulator, and validated by the measurement. A broadband simultaneous switching noise suppression from 0.6 to 7.6 GHz is achieved. Additionally, in comparison with the reference boards, the radiated emission has less electromagnetic interference, which validates the advantage of the proposed electromagnetic bandgap P/G network.
Relaxation linear regression with spectral–spatial constrained locality adaptive regularization for hyperspectral image classification
Authors: Yang Meng‐Long , Long Chen‐Feng , Deng Yang‐Jun , Luo Xiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecently, relaxation linear regression has received increasing attention in image analysis. However, the current relaxation linear regression methods fail to consider the local geometrical structure and spatial information while they are applied for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. To address the above problems, this letter proposes a novel relaxation linear regression with spectral–spatial constrained locality adaptive regularization (SSLA‐RLR) method for HSI classification. The SSLA‐RLR method not only integrates the locality adaptive graph with relaxation linear regression to adaptively exploit the local geometrical structure for relieving the side effects of noise corruptions, but also takes the spatial correlations between each data point and its neighbours into consideration via spectral–spatial constraint. Finally, extensive experiments are conducted on three benchmark HSI datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Simulation of cross‐pedestrian flow in intersection based on direction fuzzy visual field
Authors: Li Shiwei , Li Qianqian , Xu Jiao , Zhang Yuzhao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPedestrian flow refers to the spatiotemporal distribution of people moving in a defined area. At crosswalks, pedestrian dynamics exhibit complex self‐organization patterns resulting from interactions between individuals. This paper proposes a novel crosswalk pedestrian flow model based on the concept of directional fuzzy visual field (DFVF) to capture pedestrian heterogeneity. The DFVF defines fuzzy distributions of personal space and information processing capabilities, enabling improved representation of diversity compared to previous models. Incorporating k‐nearest neighbour rules in the DFVF pedestrian network topology also better mimics real‐world interactions. Using a cellular automata framework, pedestrian self‐organization effects like stratification and bottleneck oscillation are simulated at intersections. The model replicates empirically observed dynamics of density, velocity, and evacuation time. Results demonstrate that controlling pedestrian conflicts can effectively enhance crosswalk flow efficiency. This research introduces new techniques for simulating pedestrian psychology and behaviour, providing a valuable contribution to pedestrian flow theory and supporting crosswalk design optimization.
Identifying synergies between VLBI and STIX imaging
Authors: Müller Hendrik , Massa Paolo , Mus Alejandro , Kim Jong-Seo , Perracchione Emma 
Published: February 2024

Context.Reconstructing an image from noisy, sparsely sampled Fourier data is an ill-posed inverse problem that occurs in a variety of subjects within science, including data analysis for Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and the Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX) with respect to solar observations. The need for high-resolution, high-fidelity imaging fosters the active development of a range of novel imaging algorithms in a variety of different algorithmic settings. However, despite these ongoing, parallel developments, such synergies remain unexplored.Aims.We study, for the first time, the synergies between the data analysis for the STIX instrument and VLBI. In particular, we compare the methodologies that have been developed in both fields and evaluate their potential. In this way, we identify key trends in the performance of several algorithmic ideas and draw recommendations for the future spending of resources in the study and implementation of novel imaging algorithms.Methods.To this end, we organized a semi-blind imaging challenge with data sets and source structures that are typical for sparse VLBI, specifically in the context of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) as well as STIX observations. We used 17 different algorithms from both communities, from six different imaging frameworks, in the challenge, making this work the largest scale code comparison for STIX and VLBI to date.Results.We identified strong synergies between the two communities, as proven by the success of the imaging methods proposed for STIX in imaging VLBI data sets and vice versa. Novel imaging methods outperform the standard CLEAN algorithm significantly in every test case. Improvements over the performance of CLEAN offer deeper updates to the inverse modeling pipeline necessary or, consequently, the possibility to replace inverse modeling with forward modeling. Entropy-based methods and Bayesian methods perform best on STIX data. The more complex imaging algorithms utilizing multiple regularization terms (recently proposed for VLBI) add little to no additional improvements for STIX. However, they do outperform the other methods on EHT data, which correspond to a larger number of angular scales.Conclusions.This work demonstrates the great synergy between the STIX and VLBI imaging efforts and the great potential for common developments. The comparison identifies key trends on the efficacy of specific algorithmic ideas for the VLBI and the STIX setting that may evolve into a roadmap for future developments.
Psychiatric Influences on Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Call for Help
Authors: Shan Holly D. , Huffman Samuel S. , Bovill John D. , Haffner Zoë K. , Towfighi Parhom , Benedict Carol D. , Evans Karen K. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is associated with a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders. However, no studies examine how psychiatric disorders influence surgical and financial outcomes. This study aimed to assess impact of a psychiatric diagnosis on patients treated for HS.
Methods Patients with HS were retrospectively identified at a single institution from 2010 to 2021. Cohorts were stratified by the presence of a psychiatric disorder. Demographics, comorbidities, and disease characteristics were collected. Outcomes assessed included the procedural interventions and emergency department (ED) visits. Financial distress was assessed via the COST-FACIT Version 2 survey.
Results Out of 138 patients, 40 (29.0%) completed the survey of which 19 (47.5%) had a preexisting psychiatric diagnosis. No demographic differences were found between cohorts. Mean follow-up was 16.1 ± 11.0 months. The psychiatric cohort had a higher median number of surgeries received (7.0 vs. 1.5, p < 0.001), a higher median number of ED visits (1.0 vs. 0, p = 0.006), and a similar hospital length of stay (p = 0.456). The mean COST-FACIT score of the overall study population was 19.2 ± 10.7 (grade 1 financial toxicity). The psych cohort had a lower mean COST-FACIT score (16.8 vs. 21.3, p = 0.092) and reported greater financial hardship (3.3 vs. 1.7, p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, a psychiatric diagnosis was predictive of lower credit scores, more ED visits, and a higher number of surgeries.
Conclusion Preexisting psychiatric conditions in patients with HS are associated with increased health care utilization and surgical intervention with substantial financial distress. Plastic surgeons should be cognizant of such comorbid disorders to facilitate holistic care addressing all patient needs.
Factors Associated with the Uptake of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception and Contraceptive Use in Postpartum People with HIV at a Single Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Youniss Lara , Bui Lilian , Cejtin Helen , Schmidt Julie , Premkumar Ashish 
Published: February 2024

Objective This study aimed to elucidate factors contributing to uptake of highly effective contraception, including permanent contraception, and no contraceptive plan among postpartum people with HIV (PWHIV).
Study Design A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted to correlate postpartum birth control (PPBC) with sociodemographic and biomedical variables among postpartum PWHIV who received care at The Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center and delivered at John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County in Chicago, from 2012 to 2020.
Results Earlier gestational age (GA) at initiation of prenatal care, having insurance, and increased parity are associated with uptake of highly effective contraception. Meanwhile, later GA at presentation increased odds of having no PPBC plan.
Conclusion Early prenatal care, adequate insurance coverage, and thorough PPBC counseling are important for pregnant PWHIV.
Key Points
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Active Cancer Receiving Rivaroxaban or Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin: The OSCAR-UK Study
Authors: Cohen Alexander T. , Wallenhorst Christopher , Rivera Marcella , Ay Cihan , Schaefer Bernhard , Abdelgawwad Khaled , Psaroudakis George , Brobert Gunnar , Ekbom Anders , Lee Agnes Y. Y. , Khorana Alok A. , Becattini Cecilia , Carrier Marc , Coleman Craig I. , Martinez Carlos 
Published: February 2024

Background In most patients with cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (CT), essentially those not at high risk of bleeding, guidelines recommend treatment with direct oral anticoagulants as an alternative to low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs). Population-based studies comparing these therapies are scarce.
Objectives To compare the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrences, significant bleeding, and all-cause mortality in patients with CT receiving rivaroxaban or LMWHs.
Patients/Methods Using UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink data from 2013 to 2020, we generated a cohort of patients with first CT treated initially with either rivaroxaban or LMWH. Patients were observed 12 months for VTE recurrences, significant bleeds (major bleeds or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding requiring hospitalization), and all-cause mortality. Overlap weighted sub-distribution hazard ratios (SHRs) compared rivaroxaban with LMWH in an intention-to-treat analysis.
Results The cohort consisted of 2,259 patients with first CT, 314 receiving rivaroxaban, and 1,945 LMWH, mean age 72.4 and 66.9 years, respectively. In the 12-month observational period, 184 person-years following rivaroxaban and 1,057 following LMWH, 10 and 66 incident recurrent VTE events, 20 and 102 significant bleeds, and 10 and 133 deaths were observed in rivaroxaban and LMWH users, respectively. The weighted SHR at 12 months for VTE recurrences in rivaroxaban compared with LMWH were 0.80 (0.37–1.73); for significant bleeds 1.01 (0.57–1.81); and for all-cause mortality 0.49 (0.23–1.06).
Conclusion Patients with CT, not at high risk of bleeding, treated with either rivaroxaban or LMWH have comparable effectiveness and safety outcomes. This supports the recommendation that rivaroxaban is a reasonable alternative to LMWH for the treatment of CT.
Access to 8-Aminoindolizine Fused with Quinone via Cu(OAc)2-Catalyzed Domino [4+2] Annulation
Authors: Lee Sunhee , Lee Yechan , Namkung Wan , Kim Ikyon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCu(OAc)2-catalyzed [4+2] annulation of N-substituted pyrrole-2-carbonitriles with quinones allowed access to a wide range of 8-aminoindolizines fused with quinones through a domino process involving a sequence of intermolecular Michael addition, Thorpe–Ziegler type cyclization, and aromatization. Biological evaluation of the resulting quinone-8-aminoindolizine hybrids revealed significant anticancer effects of these compounds in human hepatocellular cells (HepG2) and prostate adenocarcinoma cells (PC-3).
A Guide to Cross-Sectional Studies in Homeopathic Research: Part 3 of the Research Method Series
Authors: Dutta Abhijit 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe cross-sectional study design, a prominent feature in the realm of health research, entails the simultaneous measurement of outcomes and exposures among study participants. This study design finds frequent application in homeopathic contexts, particularly in population-based surveys and the evaluation of disease prevalence or understanding the patient preferences in clinic-based samples. Notably, the utilisation of cross-sectional studies in homeopathy brings forth advantages such as expeditiousness and cost-effectiveness. These studies, serving as valuable precursors, play a pivotal role in offering crucial information before embarking on more extensive research endeavours, such as planning comprehensive cohort studies or establishing baseline measurements. While their rapid and economical nature allows for the efficient assessment of prevalence and associations, it is imperative to exercise caution when drawing causal inferences, given the singular nature of exposure and outcome measurements. This paper is meticulously designed to serve as a guide, aiding readers in comprehending the intricate nuances of cross-sectional study design and their judicious application in real-world scenarios, particularly within the dynamic landscape of homeopathy. By delving into the deeper aspects of conducting and reporting such studies, this paper aims to equip researchers and practitioners with the knowledge and insights needed to navigate the technicalities of cross-sectional research within the distinctive context of homeopathic practice.
Algorithm for Nasal Breathing Impairment Evaluation
Authors: Xavier Rui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAssessing patients with complaints of nasal obstruction has traditionally been done by evaluation of the nasal airway looking for fixed or dynamic obstructive locations that could impair nasal airflow. Not infrequently, however, symptoms of nasal obstruction do not match the clinical examination of the nasal airway. Addressing this subset of patients may be a challenge to the surgeon. Evaluation of patients with symptoms of nasal obstruction should include a combination of a patient-reported assessment of nasal breathing and at least one objective method for measuring nasal airflow or nasal airway resistance or dimensions. This will allow distinction between patients with symptoms of nasal obstruction and low airflow or high nasal airway resistance and patients with similar symptoms but whose objective evaluation demonstrates normal nasal airflow or normal airway dimensions or resistance. Patients with low nasal airflow or high nasal airway resistance will require treatment to increase nasal airflow as a necessary step to improve symptoms, whereas patients with normal nasal airflow or nasal airway resistance will require a multidimensional assessment looking for less obvious causes of impaired nasal breathing sensation.
Combining annealing temperature and interface engineering for improving anisotropic magnetoresistance in Ta/NiFe/Ta films
Authors: Constantino Rita F. , Brites Guilherme , Araujo Pedro D. R. , Macedo R. , Cardoso S. 
Published: February 2024

Anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) sensors are pivotal in various applications due to their low power consumption, scalability, and cost-effectiveness due to the simple sensor structure, comprising one NiFe film, usually encased in a buffer and cap layer. In this work, we explore the effects of inserting MgO and Pt dusting layers between the NiFe sensing layer and adjacent capping and buffer layers, on the electric, magnetic and structural properties of AMR sensors. We describe results on sensors based on Ta/NiFe/Ta, with an as-processed AMR value of 2.0 %. The insertion of Pt thin films had a positive impact, with AMR values increasing to 2.2 %, contrary to the observed with MgO dusting films. Magnetic annealing up to 370 °C caused an increase of the resistivity and reduction in AMR (with Pt dusting layers), on the contrary, MgO dusting layers improved the sensor performance upon annealing, with AMR increasing to 2.5 % (5 h at 370 °C). In light of the findings, the incorporation of Pt and MgO dusting layers enables tailoring the grain size and resistance of Ta/NiFe/Ta films, while combined with proper annealing, which is relevant for applications where Ta and NiFe are available for AMR sensor fabrication.
GdFe-based nanostructured thin films with large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy for spintronic applications
Authors: Salaheldeen Mohamed , Zhukova Valentina , Ipatov Mihail , Zhukov Arcady 
Published: February 2024

In this study, we investigated the impact of geometric factors on the magnetic anisotropy of Gd-Fe alloy thin films deposited on nanoporous alumina membranes. By synthesizing Gd-Fe alloy nanostructure thin films with different hole diameters (ranging from 45 to 90 nm) and keeping the layer thickness and lattice parameters fixed at 45 nm and 105 nm, respectively, we observed a significant perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in samples with hole diameter above 65 nm. The transition from in-plane to out-of-plane magnetization in Gd-Fe alloy nanostructure thin films occurred at a critical antidot hole diameter of 75 nm. The observed variations in coercivity and remanence with the nanohole diameter are attributed to substantial changes in the magnetization mechanisms induced by the nanoholes. This novel induction of PMA in Gd-Fe alloy nanostructure thin films through the manipulation of geometric parameters in the antidot arrays opens new possibilities for tailoring the magnetic behavior of ferromagnetic metals with pronounced PMA.