bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who moved my old cheese? Implications of COVID 19 to teaching and learning in Southern Africa
Authors: Pitikoe Selloane , Ferreira-Meyers Karen , Bhebhe Sithulisiwe , Bhebhe Sithulisiwe , Dlamini-Zwane Nompumelelo 
Published: October 2023

This reflective essay seeks to share the authors’ thoughts and feelings on the impact of COVID 19 on the general teaching and learning strategies, theories and practices in the small kingdom of Eswatini in Southern Africa. Coming from varying backgrounds in education allows the authors to tackle the overview of consequences from different points of view and angles. The common thread among the authors is an observation that the disruptive nature of the pandemic, with its sudden onslaught and the need to react fast, might lead to long-lasting transformations in the area of teaching and learning. Emphasis in this essay is on whether online teaching and learning happened previous to the start of the pandemic and to determine its effectiveness in terms of access and self-directedness of the learners. Given the devastating impacts of COVID 19 governments had to develop ‘instant’ provisions such as digital/e-learning platforms in the formal education sector in a bid to minimize new infections through social distancing while also supporting learning outside the classroom. The question that remains unanswered though is the appropriateness and effectiveness of the digital platforms in the context of a developing country with existing socio-economic and infrastructural underlying problems; hence the rationale for this paper. In conclusion a few recommendations will be proposed in view of improving the immediate, short-term teaching and learning strategies which can later be reflected upon once the pandemic subsides.
Deformation rules of deep foundation pit of a subway station in Lanzhou collapsible loess stratum
Authors: Liang Yaxiong , Ye Shuaihua , Huang Yiguan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
According to the deep foundation pit project of Xiaoxihu station on Lanzhou subway Line 1, the three-dimensional finite-element model of the half-cover excavation method of retaining structure is established to simulate the construction of the excavation of the foundation pit. This article analyzes the settling of the surrounding surface, the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the retaining pile, the vertical displacement of the shoring column, and the change of the axial force of the inner support and compares them with the actual monitoring data. The results show that for the collapsible loess strata in Lanzhou, the design of retaining pile and inner support is viable. The support form has a good control effect on the deformation of the foundation pit. It keeps the foundation pit stable. The numerical simulation results are more consistent with the actual monitoring data. It provides a basis for the scientific design and construction of a deep foundation pit in the Lanzhou metro station.
Assessment of the impacts of land use/land cover change on water resources in the Diyala River, Iraq
Authors: Khudier Ahmed Sagban , Hamdan Ahmed Naseh Ahmed 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this study, the analysis was carried out concerning previous changes in land use/land cover (LULC) for 2 years, 2000 and 2020, and their impact on water resources in the Diyala River Watershed in Iraq was assessed. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is a hydrological model used to perform the hydrological modeling process for LULC maps. The data for LULC were collected using the Landsat satellite with a resolution of 30 m, and it was classified using geographical information systems (ArcGIS). Using the confusion matrix, the accuracy of the maps for the years 2000 and 2020 was evaluated, the overall accuracy was more than 90%, and the kappa coefficient (ka) was more than 88%, which indicates the accuracy of the classification and is ideal for use in modeling work. SUFI-2 included with the SWATCUP program was used to perform the calibration and the results were validated for the outflow of the two gauging stations within the study area of Hemren station and Derbendikhan station as a monthly time step for a baseline map LULC 2000, in the period 1996–2020 with 4 years as warm up. Coefficient of determination (R
2), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and percent bias (Pbias) were used, which were the most common indicators for evaluating the performance of the statistical model. The results indicated that the values of R
2 during the calibration and validation processes were (0.84–0.88) and (0.85–0.87), respectively; the NSE was (0.87–0.85), and the Pbias was (4.2–6.8)% and (5.8 to −4.1)%, respectively. Therefore, the calibration and verification results were good and satisfactory. In addition to the two LULC maps for 2000 and 2020, the parameters of the modified SWAT model were utilized to estimate the effects on the Diyala River Basin. The study found that LULC change affects basins and sub-basins differently. At the basin, hydrological parameters were largely unaffected by LULC changes. However, at the sub-basin level, the water yield and the surface runoff were changed between (−6.45 to 4.67)% and (−2.9 to 9.88)%, respectively.
Legal Framework for the Protection of Entrepreneurs’ Rights
Authors: Suleimenov Nariman , Begaliyev Bakhytbek , Begaliyev Yernar , Yechshanov Almaz , Shnarbayev Bulatbek 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It is difficult to overestimate the importance of protecting the rights and freedoms of entrepreneurs in a market economy – they are necessary “tools” and a driving force in the market relations that expand a country’s gross domestic product, and as such should be directly involved in the socio-economic policy of the state. Due to a historical absence of the specialised legal means and procedural tools required to ensure the effective security and protection of the rights of entrepreneurs, Kazakh legislators have carefully studied examples from other countries to develop their own legislation relating to profit-making entrepreneurial activities during the early stages of the post-independent development of Kazakhstan. In this way, licensing processes, protections for entrepreneurs from unreasonable inspections and abuse of power by the authorities, the creation of special organisations to protect entrepreneur’s rights, and a reduction in the number of administrative barriers in practice were all consolidated and codified into the regulatory structure. All the above allowed the authors to highlight the main purpose of this study – a comprehensive systemic study of the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of entrepreneurs in socio-economic, political, and legal relations (as exemplified by the Republic of Kazakhstan). The main and practically significant results were obtained by employing both theoretical and methodological analysis of scientific publications covering the issues of legal security and the protection of entrpreneurial rights and freedoms at the national and international levels, as well as tools of comparative legal, comparative political, systemic and structural analysis, value-statutory and institutional methods, and content analysis of statistical data and official documents. This paper constitutes a study of a scientific and recommendatory legal and socio-political nature, which has unconditional practical significance, originality in clarifying certain issues, and is aimed at a broad study of the essential aspects of the legal protection of entrepreneurial activity in modern Kazakhstan. We recognize that the subject considered in this paper is promising for further scientific elaboration and detailing of certain points, which have been superficially touched upon in this study.
Remembering God’s Beloved Son: Jeremiah 38:20 LXX and Mark 1:11
Authors: Neumann James M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Markan interpreters have long observed that the words of the voice from heaven at Jesus’s baptism in Mark 1:11, “You are my beloved son, in you I am well pleased,” recall one or more passages from the LXX, most often Ps 2:7 and Isa 42:1. Yet few interpreters note that Mark 1:11 also bears remarkable similarity to another verse—Jer 38:20 LXX (31:20 MT)—in which God calls Israel his “beloved son.” On closer inspection, there are reasons to believe that Mark alludes to this verse as well as to Ps 2:7 and Isa 42:1. In addition to the fact that Israel is the only entity known as God’s “beloved son” in ancient Jewish literature outside the New Testament, Mark’s prologue and Jer 38 are united by a common remembrance of Israel’s exodus and the expectation of a new one. If this reading is correct, then Mark simultaneously identifies Jesus as God’s royal son and the embodiment of God’s original son, Israel, in one breath.
Ayurvedic Management of Chalazion (Utsangini): A Case Study
Authors: Sinhmar Dr Kiran , Dr Pallavi jagtap  , Dr Mayur Shiralkar  , Dr. Akshat Sirdhyal  , R.Bhagwa Dr.Sachin , S.Kale Dr.Shubhangi 
Published: October 2023

A chronic non- infective lipo- granulomatous inflammation of the blocked meibomian gland. An inflamed, blocked meibomian gland, typically on the upper eyelid, results in a chalazion (meibomian gland lipogranuloma). Ayurveda correlates it with Utsangini. Both Acharya’s Sushruta and Vagbhata provide an explanation of Utsangini under Vartmagatha Rogas. According to Sushruta, it comes under Tridoshaja / Sannipataj Sadhya Vyadhi. But even so, Vagbhata asserts that it is a Raktaja Sadhya Vyadhi.The overall prevalence of chalazion is 51% in adult .Both Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa are mentioned in care of Utsangini. In modern medicine, the therapies include intralesional corticosteroid injection and surgical drainage are advised. In this study, a 22-year-old male patient with a right eye redness, watering of eye and painless swelling of the right upper eye lid with heaviness presented to the Eye OPD of the Dr. DY Patil College of Ayurved and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune. Following the history and examination, chalazion was diagnosed. The patient received local treatment in kriya kalpa using Netra Parisheka therapy in addition to shamana chikitsa. As a result of the treatment remarkable improvement in all disease symptoms and signs was observed. So, the management of chalazion has been proven to be successful with Ayurvedic treatment.
Nivel de riesgo del personal de sanitario frente al consumo de alcohol en dos instituciones de salud en Colombia
Authors: ALVARADO PARADA ANDREA CAROLINA , GONZALES DELGADO MERY , RODRIGUEZ LOPEZ JAVIER ISIDRO 
Published: October 2023

El consumo de alcohol es una situación social con amplia aceptación, que representa en sus consecuencias un factor de riesgo importante para la carga de enfermedad, mortalidad, accidentalidad y afectaciones en el ámbito laboral. Las causas de este consumo se relacionan a los aspectos psicológicos, emocionales, sociales que se dan en la actividad en el trabajo, relación familiar o interacción social.
Objetivo
Describir el nivel de riesgo relacionado con el consumo de alcohol en equipos de salud de dos instituciones en Colombia en el año 2019.
Metodología
Estudio descriptivo transversal que buscó determinar el consumo de alcohol en el personal de salud en dos instituciones de salud en Bogotá y el Tolima, que incluyó 44 miembros del equipo de salud y se les aplicó el instrumento AUDIT previa firma de consentimiento informado. El análisis estadístico incluyó el empleo de técnicas de estadística descriptiva e inferencial y se aplicó prueba de chi cuadrado. Los datos fueron analizados en stata versión 12.0.
Resultados
El 88.7% de los miembros del equipo de salud de las dos instituciones presentaron un nivel de riesgo de consumo bajo o eran abstemios, el sexo femenino presenta el mayor porcentaje de consumo de alto nivel (80%), siendo el grupo de 28 a 32 años el de mayor consumo.
Conclusión
La identificación del consumo de alcohol en miembros del equipo de salud debe ser una prioridad que permitan el diseño de estrategias para la prevención y mitigación de los riesgos derivados del consumo para el equipo y los usuarios.
Aproximación a la prevención del uso de sustancias psicoactivas a partir de los Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de consumidores activos
Authors: MORENO R YENNY PATRICIA , OLARTE-RUEDA GRACIELA , CARREÑO-VESGA PAULA-ANDREA , MEDINA SAAVEDRA PAULA-VALENTINA , SILVA PINEDA KAROL DANIELA 
Published: October 2023

Objetivo
Determinar los Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas relacionados con el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, alcohol y tabaco en jóvenes consumidores del municipio de San Gil para generar estrategias de prevención del consumo.
Metodología
La investigación realizada fue un estudio de corte transversal en el que se recolectaron datos a través de una encuesta validada y de uso corriente, constituida por 43 preguntas y divida en tres partes, la primera de conocimientos, la segunda de actitudes y la tercera de prácticas, que fue aplicada a jóvenes entres los 18-27 años de edad de los diferentes barrios de San Gil.
Resultados
La encuesta fue respondida por 140 voluntarios, con una participación mayoritaria de mujeres, indicando que el mayor consumo se da en sustancias como el alcohol y el tabaco.
Discusión
Se ha evidenciado un inicio de consumo temprano tanto de cigarrillo como de alcohol y por influencia de algún familiar, con lo que, se cree que las principales estrategias de prevención deberían ir encaminadas a la educación en la familia.
Conclusiones
El consumo de las Sustancias psicoactivas se ha convertido en un gran problema actualmente ya que su naturalización ha hecho que se pierda de vista las complicaciones que pueden tener a nivel de salud física y mental, por lo tanto, el enfoque educativo- preventivo se hace urgente para paliar esta difícil situación de salud.
Prevalencia de infección por SARS-CoV-2 en el personal de enfermería del hospital Santa Mónica del municipio de Dosquebradas 2020 y 2021
Authors: TANGARIFE TANGARIFE LEIDY XIOMARA , VERGARA CASTRO JACKELINE , JARAMILLO AGUDELO MARÍA CAMILA , MEJÍA VALENCIA TATIANA , VARÓN RAMÍREZ CLAUDIA PATRICIA 
Published: October 2023

Durante 2020 y 2021 el SARS CoV2 (COVID-19) afectó cerca de 570.000 trabajadores de la salud y 2.500 han muerto por COVID-19 en las Américas (1).
Objetivo
Determinar la prevalencia de la infección por Coronavirus (COVID-19) en el personal de enfermería del hospital Santa Mónica en el municipio de Dosquebradas durante el 2020 y 2021.
Método
Estudio descriptivo de tipo observacional, se aplicó un instrumento propiedad de la OMS, utilizando 7 de las 10 variables que son: identificación e información básica, exposición a pacientes con (COVID-19), síntomas del trabajador de salud, síntomas respiratorios, informe radiológico, tratamiento – medicaciones, dolencias preexistentes del trabajador de salud.
Resultados
La prevalencia de infección fue de 22,3 % durante el 2020 y 2021, resaltando además que el 60% del personal entrevistado correspondió a trabajadores dedicados a pacientes COVID, de género femenino en un 96%, con falta de capacitación en la atención y manejo del paciente COVID en el 24% de la población; y con presencia de síntoma constante en los empleados expuestos, como dolor de garganta en el 60%.
ConclusionesEl triángulo epidemiológico causal. En cuanto al huésped; prevaleció el contagio por SARS COV2 en las auxiliares de enfermería. En el ambiente se logró determinar que la prevalencia de infección por SARS COV2 fue en la institución Santa Mónica debido al colapso del servicio, resaltando que el 76% del personal recibió capacitación sobre la atención al paciente COVID-19 positivo. En cuanto al agente, más de la mitad de la población objeto de estudio estuvo presente en procedimientos de pacientes COVID-19 positivos lo cual aumento el riesgo sustancialmente a contagiarse por el virus SARS COV2 ya que la fuente de infección de este es a través de partículas respiratorias.
Linking Cardiovascular Risk With Estradiol Level in Men
Authors: Orlova Ia. A. , Sorokin E. D. , Pavlova Z. Sh. , Plisyuk A. G. , Kamalov A. A. 
Published: October 2023

Aim To study the relationship between the cardiovascular risk and the level of estradiol in men of young and middle age. The main group included 71 patients with newly diagnosed hyperestrogenia (HE) (serum estradiol >41.2 pg/ ml). Using pseudorandomization, 68 men with normal estradiol level and age- and body weight index (BWI)-matched with the main group were included into the control group. Anthropometric data, bioimpedance variables, blood pressure (BP), and concentrations of estradiol, testosterone, glucose, and total cholesterol were analyzed in both groups.ResultsPatients of the main and control groups did not differ in age, BWI, and smoking status. Testosterone concentration was 10.18 nmol/l in the HE group and 12.18 nmol /l in the control group (p=0.006). Systolic BP was 142.0 mm Hg in the HE group and 135.2 mm Hg in the control group (p=0.011); diastolic BP was 90.3 mm Hg in the HE group and 86.2 mm Hg in the control group (p=0.008). Total cholesterol was 5.87 mmol/l in the HE group and 5.33 mmol/l in the control group (p=0.023). Blood glucose did not differ between the groups. The presence of HE in men 2.11 times (р=0.038) increased the probability of arterial hypertension. The intergroup difference by the SCORE scale did not reach statistical significance (р=0.172). BWI, waist and hip circumferences, and bioimpedance body composition parameters did not differ between the groups.Conclusion In the studied cohort of young and middle-aged men, HE was an independent predictor for the presence of arterial hypertension. There were no significant intergroup differences in the total risk of cardiovascular diseases calculated with the SCORE scale.
Study of the prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility patterns in clinically significant isolates among urine sample in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Pal Aakash Kapoor 
Published: October 2023

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent bacterial infections. Gram-negative bacilli are frequently isolated as the causative pathogens in UTIs, and antibiotics are commonly used to treat them. However, the overuse of antibiotics has led to the development of resistance in some uropathogens. : To find the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in clinically significant isolates among urine sample in a tertiary care centre.: Fresh mid-stream urine samples were collected aseptically in sterile containers. The samples were inoculated on 5% sheep blood agar and MacConkey agar. The isolates were identified to the species level using biochemical tests/Vitek 2 compact.: A total of 5847 specimens were examined for significant bacteriuria, out of which 1160 showed bacterial growth in urine cultures. The most commonly isolated pathogens were (57.67%) and (18.63%). The antibiotics aminoglycosides (84%), carbapenems (79%), and nitrofurantoin (63%) displayed a high rate of sensitivity against these pathogens.: Due to the variability of drug sensitivity among bacterial pathogens over time, regular surveillance and monitoring are essential to provide physicians with updated information for the most effective empirical treatment of UTIs.
The Actual Tax Evasion Offences Under Article 9 of the Law No 241/2005 on Preventing and Combating Tax Evasion -Theoretical and Practical Skills-
Authors: Aniței Nadia , Lazăr Roxana-Elena 
Published: October 2023

Law no. 241/2005 for preventing and combating tax evasion is currently in force, the latter being in force also today, as amended by O.U.G. no. 54/2010 on some measures to combat tax evasion, by Law no. 50/2013 amending Law no. 241/2005 for preventing and combating tax evasion, by the sole article of Law no. 55/31 March 2021 and OUG 130/2021 on some fiscal-budgetary measures, extension of some deadlines, as well as for amending and supplementing some normative acts.
Law no. 241/2005 introduces four new elements from the first article itself, establishing measures to prevent tax evasion, establishing new offences called offences in connection with the offence of tax evasion, incriminating several facts as offences of danger and defining several terms used by the law for greater precision, in contrast to the previous regulation.
We will present the actual offences of tax evasion provided for by Article 9 of Law no. 241/2005 by inserting practical aspects and comments.
Procatalepsis: Inter-Institutional Dialogue in Public Law – A Deaf Dialogue or a Legal and Efficient Communication? Case Study
Authors: Dornean Paunescu Raluca Laura 
Published: October 2023

Mutual respect and availability for dialogue are character traits that are so necessary nowadays, since as a rule the contemporary human being frequently manifests as a selfish being, focused only on personal well-being, on the cult of personality or on the distortion of reality, intolerant or indifferent to the sufferings of those who do not share his value system, without knowing the definition of empathy.

The pending study aims to highlight the quality of the institutional dialogue, namely the manner in which a court decision is respected by a territorial administrative authority and the mayor, as well as to highlight the fact that in some cases, unfortunately, with the evasion of legal norms, some court decisions pronounced by the administrative litigation courts are framed, like a true work of art, a painting, not being enforced.

The title chosen for the study conjures an exercise in rhetoric, as "procatalepsis" represents a figure of speech in which the speaker raises an objection to his own argument and then immediately responds. By doing so, he hopes to strengthen his argument by addressing possible counterarguments before the audience can raise them. The etymology of the word reveals that it comes from the ancient Greek: προ- (pro-, "before") + κατάληψις (katálēpsis, "act of catching"), via the Latin "procatalepsis", which implies "anticipation and response to an objection".
Understanding climate modes’ impact on the Indian Ocean decadal upwelling variability
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin 
Published: October 2023

<p align="justify">This study explores the spatial pattern and climate modes’ impact on the Indian Ocean decadal upwelling variability by using observational dataset, Static Linear Regression Model (SLM) and Bayesian Dynamic Linear Model (BDLM). Our analysis shows that the Indian Ocean decadal upwellings averaged in the Eastern and Western Indian Ocean (EIO and WIO) regions are positively correlated. Moreover, the BDLM that represents the temporal modulations of the El Niño and Southern Ocean (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) impacts, reproduces the time series of the EIO and WIO upwellings more realistically than a conventional SLM does. BD<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">L</span>M simulations further suggest that in both EIO and WIO, IOD is more important than ENSO impact. The time-varying regression coefficients in BDLM indicate that the observed shift of the IOD impact on the EIO upwelling around 1985 is mainly associated with the changes of <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">alongshore </span>wind stress forcing <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">and </span>the sensitivity of the upper <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">ocean </span>temperature <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">in the </span>E<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">IO</span> through the surface warming tendency and the enhanced ocean stratification. This suggests that climate models need to consider the time-varying impact of different climate modes in order to simulate the Indian Ocean dynamics correctly.<strong></strong></p>