bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Considerations, Caveats, and Suggestions for the Use of Polygenic Scores for Social and Behavioral Traits
Authors: Non Amy L. , Cerdeña Jessica P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPolygenic scores (PGS) are increasingly being used for prediction of social and behavioral traits, but suffer from many methodological, theoretical, and ethical concerns that profoundly limit their value. Primarily, these scores are derived from statistical correlations, carrying no inherent biological meaning, and thus may capture indirect effects. Further, the performance of these scores depends upon the diversity of the reference populations and the genomic panels from which they were derived, which consistently underrepresent minoritized populations, leading to poor fit when applied to diverse groups. There is also inherent danger of eugenic applications for the information gained from these scores, and general risk of misunderstandings that could lead to stigmatization for underrepresented groups. We urge extreme caution in use of PGS particularly for social/behavioral outcomes fraught for misinterpretation, with potential harm for the minoritized groups least likely to benefit from their use.
Accelerated Extracellular Nucleotide Metabolism in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells in Experimental Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Czuba-Pakuła Ewelina , Pelikant-Małecka Iwona , Lietzau Grażyna , Wójcik Sławomir , Smoleński Ryszard T. , Kowiański Przemysław 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHypercholesterolemia affects the neurovascular unit, including the cerebral blood vessel endothelium. Operation of this system, especially in the context of energy metabolism, is controlled by extracellular concentration of purines, regulated by ecto-enzymes, such as e-NTPDase-1/CD39, ecto-5′-NT/CD73, and eADA. We hypothesize that hypercholesterolemia, via modulation of the activity of nucleotide metabolism-regulating ecto-enzymes, deteriorates glycolytic efficiency and energy metabolism of endothelial cells, which may potentially contribute to development of neurodegenerative processes. We aimed to determine the effect of hypercholesterolemia on the concentration of purine nucleotides, glycolytic activity, and activity of ecto-enzymes in the murine brain microvascular endothelial cells (mBMECs). We used 3-month-old male LDLR−/−/Apo E−/− double knockout mice to model hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. The age-matched wild-type C57/BL6 mice were a control group. The intracellular concentration of ATP and NAD and extracellular activity of the ecto-enzymes were measured by HPLC. The glycolytic function of mBMECs was assessed by means of the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) using the glycolysis stress test. The results showed an increased activity of ecto-5′-NT and eADA in mBMECs of the hypercholesterolemic mice, but no differences in intracellular concentration of ATP, NAD, and ECAR between the hypercholesterolemic and control groups. The changed activity of ecto-5′-NT and eADA leads to increased purine nucleotides turnover and a shift in their concentration balance towards adenosine and inosine in the extracellular space. However, no changes in the energetic metabolism of the mBMECs are reported. Our results confirm the influence of hypercholesterolemia on regulation of purine nucleotides metabolism, which may impair the function of the cerebral vascular endothelium.
Graphical abstract
The effect of hypercholesterolemia on the murine brain microvascular endothelial cells (mBMECs). An increased activity of ecto-5′-NT and eADA in mBMECs of the LDLR−/−/Apo E−/− mice leads to a shift in the concentration balance towards adenosine and inosine in the extracellular space with no differences in intracellular concentration of ATP. Figure was created with Biorender.com.
Interactions between flue gas desulfurization gypsum and biochar on water infiltration characteristics and physicochemical properties of saline-alkaline soil
Authors: Wang Peijun , Lin Xiaolan , Liu Qi , Lin Ziqi , Yang Yali , Chen Hui , Fan Shenglong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe application of flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) improves the soil structure, reduces soil pH, and accelerates soil salt leaching. Biochar amendment to soil can affect the soil infiltration rate, increase soil porosity, decrease soil bulk density, and enhance the water retention capacity. This study investigated the interactive effect of FGDG and biochar on water infiltration characteristics and physicochemical properties as well as determined the optimal amendment rate as a saline-alkaline soil conditioner. Seven experimental schemes were designed, and the newly reclaimed cultivated soil from Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone in Fujian Province, China, was used in an indoor soil column experiment to simulate soil infiltration. Five models were employed to describe the infiltration process. The power function was used to represent the dynamic process of the wetting front. The conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) there was a reduction in the infiltration capacity of saline-alkaline soil (sandy soil) in each treatment, and the application of FGDG alone had the highest inhibition effect compared to the control (CK). The Kostiakov model provides the best fit for the experimental data of soil cumulative infiltration. (2) All treatments increased the total porosity and water content of saline-alkali soil, with the combined application of FGDG and biochar found to be more effective. (3) The application of FGDG alone or in combination with biochar decreased the pH and increased the electrical conductivity of the saline-alkali soil significantly, with the combined application having the most significant effect. In contrast, soil amended with biochar alone had minimal effect on the pH and EC of the soil. (4) The best improvement ratio was achieved with the F1B2 combination (75 g/kg FGDG + 30 g/kg biochar).
Fishing motives and economic effects of climate change: an application on Arctic char in northern Sweden
Authors: Gren Ing-Marie , Holmgren Kerstin , Goedkoop Willem 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMotives for fishing differ among fishers, which may imply different effects of climate change on the net values of fishing. Climate change has impacts on fish population dynamics and on other factors in the fishers’ harvest decision, such as alternative sources of food or income. Here we present a bio-economic model that includes impacts of climate change on fish population and on net values of harvest by fishers with recreational or subsistence fishing motives. The conceptual analysis shows that the economic effects of climate change with simultaneous impacts on fish population growth and harvest values are inconclusive with common fishing access for both fisher types and when there are opposite simultaneous climate effects with exclusive access for one of the fisher types. Numerical results from our model of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) in northern Sweden indicate that climate change, measured as temperature increases, reduces fish population growth but increases net values of fishing for both fisher types. The combined net effect of these counteracting forces is that annual net values can almost cease for the subsistence fisher in the future but increase considerably for the recreational fisher.
Women’s Lived Experiences of Reproductive Coercion and Abuse
Authors: Wellington Molly , Hegarty Kelsey , Tarzia Laura 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Reproductive coercion and abuse (RCA) refers to the use of physical, psychological or sexual violence or coercive behaviours to control a woman’s reproductive choices. Perpetrators use various forms of RCA such as controlling the outcome of a pregnancy, contraceptive sabotage and pregnancy coercion. Current research has focused primarily on quantitative data and health interventions, yet there is limited qualitative research on the overall experience of RCA. To address this gap, this study aimed to investigate the question: “What are women’s lived experiences of RCA?”.

Methods
Twenty women who had experienced RCA were recruited to participate in qualitative in-depth interviews. Data were analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis.

Results
Three themes were developed that describe women’s lived experiences of RCA: I didn’t have a way out, where women described how their partners threatened them both with direct violence or indirectly through manipulation; I still feel guilty which centered around women’s overwhelming feelings of guilt and self blame and I don’t feel worthy, that outlined how RCA eroded women’s self-concept, particularly in relation to motherhood.

Conclusions
Our findings foreground the profound impacts of RCA on women’s mental health, identity and wellbeing which can linger for many years after the experience. It is vital that practitioners working with women who have experienced RCA consider these impacts and how to address and respond to them effectively.
The Role of the Quiet Ego in Promoting Benefits from Social Participation: A Win-win Game for Sustained Social Participation
Authors: Vecina María L. , Buonomo Ilaria , Benevene Paula 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we argue that the quiet ego, defined as an inclusive identity oriented toward long-term growth in desirable and adaptive ways for oneself and others, can be expressed and developed by participating in the social sphere. The objectives of this study are: 1) to analyze the measurement quality of the Quiet Ego Scale (QES) in a sample of Spanish individuals with different levels of prosocial participation (Study 1; N = 238); and 2) to analyze how the QES is related to participants’ perceived benefits and costs and their intention to continue participating in prosocial activities, in a new sample of individuals who actively participate as volunteers, community leaders, activists, and so on (Study 2; N = 288). Our findings showed that the QES has adequate psychometric properties for use in samples of Spanish individuals who perform various social activities. Furthermore, the results suggest a positive chain of relationships, that is, a quiet ego is related to individuals’ perception of three specific benefits associated with prosocial participation (Benefits from the activities, Benefits of giving, and Benefits of sharing with similar people), and these benefits to their intention to continue performing such activities. These findings can help non-profit organizations sustain social participation based on perceived personal benefits and the dimensions of a quiet ego.
Relationship Status and Psychological Well-being: Initial Evidence for the Moderating Effects of Commitment Readiness
Authors: Tan Kenneth , Ho Daniel , Agnew Christopher R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPast research has suggested that the association between romantic relationship status (i.e., single vs. coupled) and well-being can be dependent on different aspects of an individual’s personal life. In the current research, we examined whether commitment readiness (i.e., the subjective sense that the current time is “right” to be in a committed romantic relationship) moderates the link between current relationship status and psychological well-being. With correlational data obtained from three independent samples (two from Singapore, one cross-cultural comparison between Singapore and USA), we found a significant moderating effect of commitment readiness. Coupled individuals higher in readiness reported greater levels of well-being than single individuals, whereas coupled individuals lower in readiness reported lower levels of well-being compared to their single counterparts. Implications regarding the role of commitment readiness in well-being are discussed.
Efficacious Recovery of Zirconium and Yttrium Ions from Effluents Using a Gamma-Irradiated Reduced Graphene Oxide Polymeric Composite
Authors: Eliwa Ahmed Atef 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere are many great uses for heavy elements that are expanding daily and generating enormous amounts of effluents. Therefore, tremendous scientific efforts in removing, recovering, and recycling them are carried out to prevent these harmful effects on the environment and human health. The polyacrylic-carboxymethyl cellulose-trioctyl amine/reduced graphene oxide adsorbent (AA-CMC-TOA/rGO) was synthesized as a promising sorbent for Zr4+ and Y3+ ions by gamma irradiation for a mixture of acrylic acid, carboxymethyl cellulose, and trioctyl amine as an organic solvent. A complete characterization of the manufactured composite was carried out to find out its chemical and physical properties several techniques such as XRD, EDX, SEM, FT-IR, TGA-DTA, and BET. Several factors affecting the Zr4+ and Y3+ adsorption processes were studied to set the best conditions that achieve the extreme loading capacity of Zr4+ and Y3+ ions. Loading capacities of 0.99 and 1.07 mmol g−1 were achieved for Zr4+ and Y3+, respectively. The results of the kinetic models indicated that the adsorption reactions of Zr4+ and Y3+ ions were carried out via a chemical reaction mechanism. Langmuir, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Redlich–Peterson models accurately described the adsorption isotherm data by proving their chemical nature. The results of thermodynamics added evidence of the chemical nature, spontaneous, and endothermic nature of the adsorption processes. A complete retrieval for Zr4+ and Y3+ ions contents located in the effluent was efficiently achieved using AA-CMC-TOA/rGO sorbent which proved its uses as a promising sorbent.
Multibody model of the human-inspired robot CHARMIE
Authors: Gonçalves Fernando , Ribeiro Tiago , Ribeiro A. Fernando , Lopes Gil , Flores Paulo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe rapid ageing of the worldwide population raises pressing concerns related to ensuring proper healthcare and quality of life for older adults. A human-like mobile domestic robot, named CHARMIE, is being produced to aid in these situations by performing household chores, thus increasing the autonomy of persons with mobility limitations. The present work provides a valuable contribution to the development of CHARMIE by building a simulation environment that computes the system’s main dynamics. The obtained environment is used to evaluate the quality of the robot’s control system, to perform its structural optimization and to allow a proper selection of actuators. The system is tackled as a kinematic tree that starts on the robot’s base and then splits into three branches at the torso: the left arm, the right arm, and the head. The multibody model solves the forward kinematics and inverse dynamics of the main mechanisms by employing two recursive algorithms centred around the Newton–Euler formulation. A novel, modular, and efficient seven-step methodology was created to implement these two algorithms and program a simulator from start to finish. These seven steps include studying the system’s configuration, converting its properties into software inputs, and computing the phenomena that cannot be automatically addressed by the two recursive formulations. The presented methodology was fully validated by comparing its results to those obtained from a commercial software; the two models produced identical results.
Discrete adjoint method for variational integration of constrained ODEs and its application to optimal control of geometrically exact beam dynamics
Authors: Schubert Matthias , Sato Martín de Almagro Rodrigo T. , Nachbagauer Karin , Ober-Blöbaum Sina , Leyendecker Sigrid 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDirect methods for the simulation of optimal control problems apply a specific discretization to the dynamics of the problem, and the discrete adjoint method is suitable to calculate corresponding conditions to approximate an optimal solution. While the benefits of structure preserving or geometric methods have been known for decades, their exploration in the context of optimal control problems is a relatively recent field of research. In this work, the discrete adjoint method is derived for variational integrators yielding structure preserving approximations of the dynamics firstly in the ODE case and secondly for the case in which the dynamics is subject to holonomic constraints. The convergence rates are illustrated by numerical examples. Thirdly, the discrete adjoint method is applied to geometrically exact beam dynamics, represented by a holonomically constrained PDE.
Human motion capture, reconstruction, and musculoskeletal analysis in real time
Authors: Lugrís Urbano , Pérez-Soto Manuel , Michaud Florian , Cuadrado Javier 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOptical motion capture is an essential tool for the study and analysis of human movement. Currently, most manufacturers of motion-capture systems provide software applications for reconstructing the movement in real time, thus allowing for on-the-fly visualization. The captured kinematics can be later used as input data for a further musculoskeletal analysis. However, in advanced biofeedback applications, the results of said analysis, such as joint torques, ground-reaction forces, muscle efforts, and joint-reaction forces, are also required in real time.In this work, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) previously developed by the authors for real-time, whole-body motion capture and reconstruction is augmented with inverse dynamics and muscle-efforts optimization, enabling the calculation and visualization of the latter, along with joint-reaction forces, while capturing the motion.A modified version of the existing motion-capture algorithm provides the positions, velocities, and accelerations at every time step. Then, the joint torques are calculated by solving the inverse-dynamics problem, using force-plate measurements along with previously estimated body-segment parameters. Once the joint torques are obtained, an optimization problem is solved, in order to obtain the muscle forces that provide said torques while minimizing an objective function. This is achieved by a very efficient quadratic programming algorithm, thoroughly tuned for this specific problem.With this procedure, it is possible to capture and label the optical markers, reconstruct the motion of the model, solve the inverse dynamics, and estimate the individual muscle forces, all while providing real-time visualization of the results.
Cognition in Chiari Malformation Type I: an
Update of a Systematic Review
Authors: García Maitane , Amayra Imanol , Pérez Manuel , Salgueiro Monika , Martínez Oscar , López-Paz Juan Francisco , Allen Philip A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChiari malformation has been classified as a group of posterior cranial
fossa disorders characterized by hindbrain herniation. Chiari malformation type I
(CM-I) is the most common subtype, ranging from asymptomatic patients to those with
severe disorders. Research about clinical manifestations or medical treatments is
still growing, but cognitive functioning has been less explored. The aim of this
systematic review is to update the literature search about cognitive deficits in
CM-I patients. A literature search was performed through the following electronic
databases: MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science.
The date last searched was February 1, 2023. The inclusion criteria were as follows:
(a) include pediatric or adult participants with a CM-I diagnosis, (b) include
cognitive or neuropsychological assessment with standardized tests, (c) be published
in English or Spanish, and (d) be empirical studies. Articles that did not report
empirical data, textbooks and conference abstracts were excluded. After the
screening, twenty-eight articles were included in this systematic review. From
those, twenty-one articles were focused on adult samples and seven included
pediatric patients. There is a great heterogeneity in the recruited samples,
followed methodology and administered neurocognitive protocols. Cognitive
functioning appears to be affected in CM-I patients, at least some aspects of
attention, executive functions, visuospatial abilities, episodic memory, or
processing speed. However, these results require careful interpretation due to the
methodological limitations of the studies. Although it is difficult to draw a clear
profile of cognitive deficits related to CM-I, the literature suggests that
cognitive dysfunction may be a symptom of CM-I. This suggest that clinicians should
include cognitive assessment in their diagnostic procedures used for CM-I. In
summary, further research is needed to determine a well-defined cognitive profile
related to CM-I, favoring a multidisciplinary approach of this disorder.
PM 2.5 juvenile exposure–induced spermatogenesis dysfunction by triggering testes ferroptosis and antioxidative vitamins intervention in adult male rats
Authors: Liu Xiang , Ai Yaya , Xiao Mingchen , Wang Cao , Shu Zhen , Yin Jia , Chu Yu , Xiao Qing , Liu Bin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
PM2.5 derived from automobile exhaust can cause reproductive impairment in adult males, but the toxic effects of PM2.5 exposure on reproductive function in juvenile male rats and its relationship with ferroptosis have not been reported. In this paper, 30-day-old juvenile male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups (blank control, vitamin control, PM2.5, and PM2.5+Vitamin). The blank control group was fed normally, and the vitamin control group was given intragastric administration of vitamins in addition to normal feeding. PM2.5 was administered via tracheal intubation. When the rats were treated for 4 weeks until reaching the period of sexual maturity. A mating test was performed first, and then their testicular and epididymal tissues were studied. Compared with control rats, juvenile male rats exposed to PM2.5 showed a decreased sperm count and fertility rate, redox imbalance, damaged mitochondria, a metabolic disorder of intracellular iron ions, and a significant rise in ferroptosis during the period of sexual maturity. After antioxidative vitamins intervention, the redox imbalance, metabolic disorder of intracellular iron ions, and ferroptosis were all alleviated, leading to the following conclusions: after being exposed to PM2.5 from automobile exhaust, male juvenile rats during the period of sexual maturity have significantly decreased reproductive function. The reproductive toxicity of PM2.5 is closely related to oxidative stress and ferroptosis. In addition, ferroptosis decreases and reproductive function is recovered to some degree after antioxidative vitamins intervention.

Graphical abstract