bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leachate management in medium- and small-sized sanitary landfills: a Greek case study
Authors: Koutsou Olga P. , Mandylas Christoforos , Fountoulakis Michail S. , Stasinakis Athanasios S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe sustainable management of landfill leachates remains a matter of important concern in many countries. We used as case study a medium-sized Greek landfill, and we initially investigated the performance of the existing secondary leachate treatment system. The activated sludge process removed chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), NH4-N, and PO4-P by 55%, 84%, 94%, and 14%, respectively, but the effluents did not meet the legislation requirements for discharge or reuse. Afterwards, different management options of these effluents (co-treatment with sewage in the centralized treatment plant, onsite tertiary treatment with reverse osmosis, granular activated carbon (GAC), ozonation, photo-Fenton, or constructed wetlands) were evaluated regarding their operational costs and environmental footprint. The use of constructed wetlands presented the lower operational cost, energy requirements, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, not exceeding 21.5 kg CO2eq/day. On the other hand, the power consumption and the GHG emissions of the other on-site technologies ranged from 0.37 kWh/m3 and 5.56 kg CO2eq/day (use of GAC) to 39.19 kWh/m3 and 588.6 kg CO2eq/day (use of ozonation), respectively. The co-treatment of the leachates with municipal wastewater required 0.6 kWh/m3 and emitted 30.18 kg CO2eq/day. For achieving zero-discharge of the treated leachates, a system consisting of constructed wetlands and evaporation ponds in series was designed.
Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Attitudes Towards Alcohol Scale for Health Professionals in Portugal
Authors: Seabra Paulo , Nunes Inês , Silva Vanessa , Valentim Olga , Pinho Lara , Moutinho Lídia , de Vargas Divane , Curado Alice 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe aimed to conduct an adaptation and validation of the Attitudes towards Alcohol, Alcoholism and Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders Scale (EAFAA) which set to address the main groups of attitudes. It is composed in its original version by 50 items, divided into 4 factors: (1) work and interpersonal relationships with patients with alcohol consumption disorders; (2) the person with alcohol consumption disorders; (3) alcoholism (aetiology) and (4) alcoholic beverages and their use. The cultural adaptation from Brazilian to European Portuguese changes 22 items and the designation of one factor. The content validity index scale was 0.96. The psychometric properties were analysed through a cross-sectional study, with a convenience sample of 500 health professionals and students. The confirmatory factor analysis model with the same four (4) original factors, led to the elimination of 9 items. The scale revealed Cronbach’s alpha of 0.801. Empirical adjustment indices were satisfactory with Minimum Discrepancy Function by Degrees of Freedom divided (CMIN) (X2/gl) = 3.91; p < 0001, RMSEA = 0.076 and the goodness of fit index (GFI) with 0.8. Relative indices values were normal fit index (NFI) = 0.6, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.7 and Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.7, with best parsimony indices PCFI = 0.595, PNFI = 0.530 and PGFI = 0.702.
Analytical Modeling of a Hydrogen Sensor Based on Exfoliated and Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Lo Sciuto Grazia , Drewniak Sabina , Muzyka Roksana , Drewniak Łukasz , Capizzi Giacomo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHydrogen can be considered a clean energy carrier with zero carbon emissions, produced from renewable energy sources. However, hydrogen is a highly flammable gas and can form explosive mixtures with oxygen; hence, sensing techniques are essential for timely leak detection. This paper presents the experimental characterization of a hydrogen sensor based on sensing material consisting of thermally exfoliated/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) films deposited on a sensor device by the drop-coating technique. The measurement of changes in electrical resistance due to hydrogen gas exposure operating at different temperatures (27°C, 90°C, and 150°C) is carried out in a gas chamber with a known concentration of hydrogen in constant air flow. In addition, a generalized mathematical formulation is provided for the dependence of hydrogen gas concentration, temperature, and sensor resistance for the hydrogen gas sensor based on exfoliated/reduced graphene oxide.
Advancing Diagnosis and Treatment in People Living with HIV and Tuberculosis Meningitis
Authors: Kimuda Sarah , Kasozi Derrick , Namombwe Suzan , Gakuru Jane , Mugabi Timothy , Kagimu Enock , Rutakingirwa Morris K. , Leon Kristoffer E. , Chow Felicia , Wasserman Sean , Boulware David R. , Cresswell Fiona V. , Bahr Nathan C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose of review
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of tuberculosis. Inadequate diagnostic testing and treatment regimens adapted from pulmonary tuberculosis without consideration of the unique nature of TBM are among the potential drivers. This review focuses on the progress being made in relation to both diagnosis and treatment of TBM, emphasizing promising future directions.

Recent findings
The molecular assay GeneXpert MTB/Rif Ultra has improved sensitivity but has inadequate negative predictive value to “rule-out” TBM. Evaluations of tests focused on the host response and bacterial components are ongoing. Clinical trials are in progress to explore the roles of rifampin, fluoroquinolones, linezolid, and adjunctive aspirin.

Summary
Though diagnosis has improved, novel modalities are being explored to improve the rapid diagnosis of TBM. Multiple ongoing clinical trials may change current therapies for TBM in the near future.
Assessing risk and sustainability factors in spice supply chain management
Authors: Kumar Vimal , Raj Rohit , Verma Pratima , Garza-Reyes Jose Arturo , Shah Bhavin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe inopportune organization of spice supply chains (SSCs) results in aided risks, resource wastages, and sustainability issues. Nevertheless, practitioners and academicians alike must investigate spice supply chain management (SSCM) in terms of long-term sustainability. This study draws on the available literature to compile a collection of characteristics and maintain sustainable spice supply chain management techniques which come up with associated risks and relevant obstacles. Existing studies claim that due to a lack of resources, the associated risks are the root of poor SSCM performance. As a result, the goal of this study is to identify the primary risk variables using qualitative data; nevertheless, the attributes must be converted into a scale that is comparable. The fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) was used to obtain valid and reliable attributes from qualitative data, while the fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (FDEMATEL) was used to address uncertainty and interrelationships simultaneously. FDM results suggest that there are eighteen critical risk variables and seven risks threatening effective SSCM. FDEMATEL results reveal qualitative data translated into crisp, comparable values in order to investigate causal linkages between variables and confirm the compatibility of the theoretical structure with industry realities. The findings show fluctuation in the Price (C8), diseases and pests (C20), human contamination (C23), spice adulteration (C24), and loss of food quality, and quantity (C36) are all important risks and sub-risks in these causative interrelationships. The primary risks involved in enhancing SCM include Financial Risk (A5), Ergonomic Risk (A8), and Operation and Management Risk (A10). The study recommends that industry professionals use future marketing tools to protect themselves from price changes which allow them to assess supply and demand circumstances and manage price risks over distance and time. Spices are the key contributors to earning a sizable amount of foreign currency through export in a developing country. It suggests to policymakers, regulatory organizations, and practitioners to develop regulations, raise farmer understanding about pest control, impose stiff penalties on vendors and businesses proven to be involved in spice adulteration, and develop a sustainable fertilizer distribution system. These corresponding action plans for improving the SSC sector and comparing it with agro-food and short-supply chains are investigated. This study contributes to theory by utilizing FDM and FDEMATEL methods for addressing the uncertainty and interrelationship among associated risks that hinder SCM from attaining sustainability.
The Effects of Three Facets of National Identity and Other Socioeconomic Traits on Attitudes Towards Immigrants
Authors: Indelicato Alessandro , Martín Juan Carlos 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe academic literature showed an increasing interest in studying the link between national identity and anti-immigrant sentiment. This work is based on ten countries from the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) dataset for two different waves: 2003 and 2013. The paper aims to analyse the influence of the three facets of national identity (nationalism, political patriotism, and cultural patriotism) and other socioeconomic traits on attitudes towards immigrants (ATI). Untried methods in social science based on the fuzzy-hybrid analysis (FHA) and the fuzzy clustering are used first to analyse citizens according to their levels of openness towards immigrants, nationalism, cultural patriotism, and political patriotism. Then, the ordered probit model is applied to thoroughly examine the intricate relationships connecting the three facets of national identity and individual sociodemographic characteristics with ATI. The results show that the national identity and cultural patriotism constructs negatively influence ATI, while political patriotism positively influences ATI. In addition, country, political orientation, age, religion, economic situation, gender, place of birth, principal status, and education are crucial factors that explain ATI.
Maladaptive facet trait profiles and psychopathology: a person-centered assessment approach
Authors: De la Rosa-Cáceres A. , Rossi G. , Lozano O. M. , Sanchez-Garcia M. , Facon M. , Diaz-Batanero C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPerson-centered approaches in personality allow greater understanding of how different subpopulations with specific personality profiles are linked with relevant outcomes. Studies under the Five Factor Model agree on the observation of a Resilient, an Undercontrolled and an Overcontrolled profile. However, studies using maladaptive traits are much more limited. The present research identify personality profiles based on the 25 maladaptative facet and examined the relationships with personality dysfunctioning, internalizing and externalizing symptoms.A mixed sample composed of community adults (n = 742) and patients (n = 312) completed the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Short Form, the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms-II, Externalizing Spectrum Inventory–Brief From, the 12 items Spanish version of the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule II and Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0. Latent profile analysis was performed on PID-5-SF score. The scores on internalizing, externalizing and functioning were compared across the profiles.Four profiles emerged: Resilient, Undercontrolled, Overcontrolled, and Ordinary type. The Overcontrolled and Undercontrolled types showed higher scores on pathology scales. While the Overcontrolled profile appeared more related to internalizing symptoms and impairment in self-functioning, the Undercontrolled profile was more linked to higher scores on externalizing symptoms and interpersonal dysfunctioning.
Effects of death anxiety on fear of missing out
Authors: Naidu Kuhanesan N. C. , Chew Peter K. H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDeath Anxiety (DA) and Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) are two psychological phenomena that have distinct implications for individuals and their overall quality of life. The Terror Management Theory (TMT) is utilized to bridge the gap between these constructs and extends its understanding to everyday behaviors and psychopathology. The present 2-part study examined the effects of DA and Mortality Salience (MS) on FOMO, respectively. Study 1 included (N = 220; 53% females) participants aged 18 to 38 years (M = 21.48, SD = 3.80) and Study 2 included (N = 175; 53% females) participants aged 20 to 63 years (M = 32.23, SD = 9.43). Results supported the hypotheses, where (1) a strong and positive correlation exists between FOMO and DA; the strength of the correlation weakens, after self-esteem was partially out, and (2) participants in the MS condition who reported higher self-esteem, reported significantly lower levels of FOMO. Practical implications include broadening the TMT literature to advance clinical psychological practice, where new interventions that addresses the effects of FOMO and future translational research are needed to mitigate DA and its detrimental effects. Overall, this novel discovery which involves FOMO serves as a precedent for future TMT studies.
The Spread of Jihadism in the Sahel. Part 1
Authors: Haidara Boubacar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFollowing the occupation of northern Mali by jihadist groups in 2012, the national and international military response failed to counter their influence. Having spread to neighbouring countries of Burkina Faso and Niger, jihadism is now on the doorstep of some countries in the Gulf of Guinea, such as Togo and Benin. This article analyses in three parts the main factors that have been exploited (instrumentalised) by these jihadists groups in the Sahel, a strategy that they could replicate in the countries mentioned above.
Towards a Universal Model of Engineering Change Management
Authors: Tryczak Jakub , Lis Anna , Ziemiański Paweł , Czyżewicz Jacek 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe paper deals with the issue of engineering change management (ECM). ECM has received much less attention in the literature than general change management. Moreover, due to their specifics (complexity and multifaceted nature), hitherto developed ECM models are difficult to implement in companies. The paper aims to develop a simplified, universal, and hence easily applicable model of ECM. We based our assumptions on a case study of a manufacturing company with low-volume production, representing a high-mix type, posing the following research question: how to improve the ECM process to make it simpler and more quickly adaptable in companies with the analyzed type of production when compared to the existing models? To answer this question, an exploratory qualitative study was conducted in late 2021/early 2022 using in-depth personal interviews. The research sample included 31 employees involved in ECM processes. Conventional qualitative content analysis was the primary technique for analyzing and interpreting the data. The study identified gaps and bottlenecks in the existing ECM model. On this basis, a proposal for a new ECM model was developed, distinguished by its simplicity and versatility (it can be implemented in companies operating in various industries). Particular emphasis was placed on ensuring the flow of information and circulation of technical documentation between the departments involved and clarifying the role of the change administrator. The paper sheds new light on how to implement engineering changes in organizations and has considerable application value.
Modelling Informal Carers’ Health-Related Quality of Life: Challenges for Economic Evaluation
Authors: Pennington Becky , Al-Janabi Hareth 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere has been increasing interest in including carers’ health-related qualify of life (HRQoL) in decision models, but currently there is no best practice guidance as to how to do so. Models thus far have typically assumed that carers’ HRQoL can be predicted from patient health states, as we illustrate with three examples of disease-modifying treatments. However, this approach limits the mechanisms that influence carers’ HRQoL solely to patient health and may not accurately reflect carers’ outcomes. In this article, we identify and discuss challenges associated with modelling intervention effects on carers’ HRQoL: attaching carer utilities to patient disease states, the size of the caring network, aggregation of carer and patient HRQoL, patient death, and modelling longer-term carer HRQoL. We review and critique potential alternatives to modelling carers’ HRQoL in decision models: trial-based analyses, qualitative consideration, cost-consequence analysis, and multicriteria decision analysis, noting that each of these also has its own challenges. We provide a framework of issues to consider when modelling carers’ HRQoL and suggest how these can be addressed in current practice and future research.
Design of a polymeric cerebral aneurysm based on numerical modelling for the development of an aneurysm mechanical characterisation device
Authors: Raviol Jolan , Plet Guillaume , Magoariec Hélène , Pailler-Mattei Cyril 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntracranial aneurysm is a life-threatening pathology related to the arterial wall alteration. As yet there is no method capable of predicting rupture risk based on quantitative in vivo mechanical data. This work is part of a large-scale project aimed at providing clinicians with a non-invasive patient-specific decision support tool, based on the in vivo mechanical characterisation of the aneurysm wall. First, an original wall deformation device was developed on polymeric phantom arteries. These artery models were obtained by 3D printing and an injection moulding process, each one showing pros and cons of designs of a biofidelic phantom in terms of thickness and local stiffness. A numerical modelling of this experimental study was built as a support for designing phantoms as design process choices and determining the geometrical and mechanical parameters of arteries. A numerical Fluid–Structure Interaction model based on the finite element method was developed. Several wall thicknesses, mechanical properties and deformation device locations were considered. Regarding the 3D printed phantom artery, the numerical model demonstrated that a thin wall thickness should be emphasised instead of a low Young’s modulus to reach a significant and experimentally observable strain. Regarding the injection moulded phantom, the results pointed to a locally reduced aneurysm thickness with a Young’s modulus of 0.7 MPa for the strain analysis. The numerical study provided helpful information regarding the scientific challenges of the experimental study. This work is the keystone of further animal studies and associated patient-specific models.
Putting infection on the map: Using heatmaps to characterise within- and between-host distributions of trematode metacercariae
Authors: Calhoun Dana M. , Curtis Jamie , Hassan Clara , Johnson Pieter T. J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The location of parasites within individual hosts is often treated as a static trait, yet many parasite species can occur in multiple locations or organs within their hosts. Here, we apply distributional heat maps to study the within- and between-host infection patterns for four trematodes (Alaria marcianae, Cephalogonimus americanus, Echinostoma spp. and Ribeiroia ondatrae) within the amphibian hosts Pseudacris regilla and two species of Taricha. We developed heatmaps from 71 individual hosts from six locations in California, which illustrate stark differences among parasites both in their primary locations within amphibian hosts as well as their degree of location specificity. While metacercariae (i.e., cysts) of two parasites (C. americanus and A. marcianae) were relative generalists in habitat selection and often occurred throughout the host, two others (R. ondatrae and Echinostoma spp.) were highly localised to a specific organ or organ system. Comparing parasite distributions among these parasite taxa highlighted locations of overlap showing potential areas of interactions, such as the mandibular inner dermis region, chest and throat inner dermis and the tail reabsorption outer epidermis. Additionally, the within-host distribution of R. ondatrae differed between host species, with metacercariae aggregating in the anterior dermis areas of newts, compared with the posterior dermis area in frogs. The ability to measure fine-scale changes or alterations in parasite distributions has the potential to provide further insight about ecological questions concerning habitat preference, resource selection, host pathology and disease control.
Haemosporidian parasite infections of Malagasy Philepittidae and Nectariniidae are driven by phylogeny rather than ecology
Authors: Barbon Hannah , Berthoud Jean-Louis , Woog Friederike , Musa Sandrine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe nectarivorous common sunbird asity (Neodrepanis coruscans) is phylogenetically closely related to the frugivorous velvet asity (Philepitta castanea), yet it shares similar habitat and foraging behaviour as the Malagasy sunbirds (Cinnyris spp.). As ecological factors have been shown to influence blood parasite prevalence, it should be tested whether parasite abundance, prevalence and diversity of N. coruscans are more similar to the sunbirds than to its relative. Therefore, blood samples (n = 156) and smears (n = 60) were tested for different blood parasites (Haemosporida, trypanosomes, filarioid nematodes) using molecular and microscopic methods. High prevalence of haemosporidian parasites was observed in all bird taxa, with rates ranging from 23% in N. coruscans to 84.6% in C. notatus. The Malagasy Cinnyris spp. exhibited a high occurrence of mixed haemosporidian infections (>76%) with various specialized lineages. Within the Philepittidae family, no Haemoproteus infection was detected and just a few cases of mixed infections. Nectariniidae species predominantly had specialized haemosporidian lineages, while Philepittidae had infections mainly caused by generalist lineages. These findings emphasize the diverse range of blood parasites in Nectariniidae, while additionally highlighting the high diversity of trypanosomes and filarioid nematodes in Philepittidae. Additionally, several newly discovered haemosporidian lineages, Trypanosoma isolates and filarioid nematode isolates were identified. Notably, Philepittidae exhibited a lower prevalence of avian haemosporidian parasites compared to Nectariniidae, possibly due to potential resistance mechanisms. Despite N. coruscans sharing similar habitat and behavioural ecology with both Cinnyris spp., it closely resembles its relative, P. castanea, in all aspects of haemosporidian parasitism.
Meditations on ‘international friendship’: Situating twinning in global struggles for solidarity, recognition, and restitution
Authors: Ryan Holly Eva 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article takes the practice of twinning as an entry point for problematising conventional accounts of ‘international friendship’ in the field of International Relations. In particular, the paper zeroes in on three examples of twinning practice, past and present, that have challenged the status quo: twinnings established in opposition to the Contra war in Nicaragua; twinning as an act of recognition for communities in the Occupied Palestinian Territories; and twinning as a vehicle for the recovery and return of sacred artefacts to post-colonial Kenya. Through these examples, it argues for an alternative conceptualisation of international friendship – one that pushes beyond the methodological nationalism and ontological rigidity of dominant approaches.