bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethical leadership in physical therapy: a developing construct that demands consideration
Authors: Griech Sean F. , Carp Stephen , Davenport Todd E. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to introduce the Theory of Ethical Leadership as a possible means of actualizing the mission and vision statements of the American Physical Therapy Association as well as individual professional objectives. Specific examples of how this can be applied directly to the profession of physical therapy will be presented.

Design/methodology/approach
Leadership influences can profoundly affect a profession, an organization and an individual. This has led to exploring which leadership style would be most effective in moving their organization forward. Through a review of the literature, this viewpoint paper compares leadership theories present in the health-care literature, as well as why they may fall short of actualizing the mission and vision statements of the American Physical Therapy Association as well as individual professional objectives.

Findings
Most research has separated ethics from leadership, but all agree that to be successful, the leader needs to exhibit a strong moral compass and demonstrate positive ethical behavior. At the intersection of ethics and leadership is the emerging theory of ethical leadership. Ethical leadership is based on the premise that employees look outside of themselves for ethical guidance and that leaders have an opportunity to provide this moral awareness by making an ethical message sufficiently salient to be recognized in the organizational context as well as allowing the leader to stand out against an ethically neutral ground.

Originality/value
This paper is an original work and has not been published previously, either in whole or in part. Additionally, this paper is not under consideration for publication by any other journal.
Fabrication of continuous woven E-glass fiber composite using vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing process
Authors: Moharana Annada Prasad , Raj Ratnesh , Dixit Amit Rai 
Published: November 2023

Purpose
The industrial application of continuous glass fabric-reinforced polymer composites (GFRPCs) is growing; however, the manufacturing boundedness of complex structures and the high cost of molds restrict their use. This research proposes a three-dimensional (3 D) printing process for GFRPCs that allows low-cost and rapid fabrication of complex composite parts.

Design/methodology/approach
The composite is manufactured using a digital light processing (DLP) based Vat-photopolymerization (VPP) process. For the composites, suitable resin material and glass fabrics are chosen based on their strength, stiffness, and printability. Jacob's working curve characterizes the curing parameters for adequate adhesion between the matrix and fabrics. The tensile and flexural properties were examined using UTM. The fabric distribution and compactness of the cured resin were analyzed in scanning electron microscopy.

Findings
The result showed that the object could print at a glass fabric content of 40 volume%. In DLP-based VPP printing technology, the adequate exposure time was found to be 30 seconds for making a GFRPC. The tensile strength and Young's modulus values were increased by 5.54 and 8.81 times, respectively than non-reinforced cured specimens. The flexural strength and modulus were also effectively increased to 2.8 and 3 times more than the neat specimens. In addition, the process is found to help fabricate the functional component.

Originality/value
The experimental procedure to fabricate GFRPC specimens through DLP-based AM is a spectacular experimental approach.
Blockchain-based digital twin data provenance for predictive asset management in building facilities
Authors: Tavakoli Peiman , Yitmen Ibrahim , Sadri Habib , Taheri Afshin 
Published: November 2023

Purpose The purpose of this study is to focus on structured data provision and asset information model maintenance and develop a data provenance model on a blockchain-based digital twin smart and sustainable built environment (DT) for predictive asset management (PAM) in building facilities.Design/methodology/approach Qualitative research data were collected through a comprehensive scoping review of secondary sources. Additionally, primary data were gathered through interviews with industry specialists. The analysis of the data served as the basis for developing blockchain-based DT data provenance models and scenarios. A case study involving a conference room in an office building in Stockholm was conducted to assess the proposed data provenance model. The implementation utilized the Remix Ethereum platform and Sepolia testnet.Findings Based on the analysis of results, a data provenance model on blockchain-based DT which ensures the reliability and trustworthiness of data used in PAM processes was developed. This was achieved by providing a transparent and immutable record of data origin, ownership and lineage.Practical implications The proposed model enables decentralized applications (DApps) to publish real-time data obtained from dynamic operations and maintenance processes, enhancing the reliability and effectiveness of data for PAM.Originality/value The research presents a data provenance model on a blockchain-based DT, specifically tailored to PAM in building facilities. The proposed model enhances decision-making processes related to PAM by ensuring data reliability and trustworthiness and providing valuable insights for specialists and stakeholders interested in the application of blockchain technology in asset management and data provenance.
A sense of urgency as a driver of individual kaizen performance: moderating role of organizational culture
Authors: Nguyen Hao Anh , Yokozawa Kodo , Suárez-Barraza Manuel F. 
Published: November 2023

PurposeDuring crises, notably the recent COVID-19 pandemic, a heightened sense of urgency has manifested as a catalyst for improvement within organizations. The present study aims to explore the influence of a sense of urgency on individual kaizen performance. Additionally, the study delves into the potential moderating roles of organizational culture in this relationship.Design/methodology/approachData samples include 481 employees who are working at Japanese manufacturing companies. SPSS software is used for data analysis, comprising measurement test, correlation and regression analysis.FindingsA sense of urgency was found to predict a higher number of accepted suggestions. Moreover, there is a significant and positive interaction effect of adhocracy culture and a sense of urgency on writing and submitting ideas.Originality/valueAs an initial study that empirically tests the relationship between a sense of urgency and individual kaizen performance, this paper contributes to the literature on kaizen, change management and innovation. It also corroborates previous research on the Person-Organization fit framework.
Springing forward: Migrating songbirds catch up with the start of spring in North America
Authors: Nemes Claire E. , Marra Peter P. , Zenzal Theodore J. , Collins Samantha A. , Dossman Bryant C. , Gerson Alexander R. , Gómez Camila , González Ana M. , Gutierrez Ramirez Mariamar , Hamer Sarah A. , Marty Joseph , Vasseur Phillip L. , Cohen Emily B. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

In temperate regions, the annual pattern of spring onset can be envisioned as a ‘green wave’ of emerging vegetation that moves across continents from low to high latitudes, signifying increasing food availability for consumers.

Many herbivorous migrants ‘surf’ such resource waves, timing their movements to exploit peak vegetation resources in early spring. Although less well studied at the individual level, secondary consumers such as insectivorous songbirds can track vegetation phenology during migration as well.

We hypothesized that four species of ground‐foraging songbirds in eastern North America—two warblers and two thrushes—time their spring migrations to coincide with later phases of vegetation phenology, corresponding to increased arthropod prey, and predicted they would match their migration rate to the green wave but trail behind it rather than surfing its leading edge.

We further hypothesized that the rate at which spring onset progresses across the continent influences bird migration rates, such that individuals adjust migration timing within North America to phenological conditions they experience en route.

To test our hypotheses, we used a continent‐wide automated radio telemetry network to track individual songbirds on spring migration between the U.S. Gulf Coast region and northern locations closer to their breeding grounds.

We measured vegetation phenology using two metrics of spring onset, the spring index first leaf date and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), then calculated the rate and timing of spring onset relative to bird detections.

All individuals arrived in the southeastern United States well after local spring onset. Counter to our expectations, we found that songbirds exhibited a ‘catching up’ pattern: Individuals migrated faster than the green wave of spring onset, effectively closing in on the start of spring as they approached breeding areas.

While surfing of resource waves is a well‐documented migration strategy for herbivorous waterfowl and ungulates, individual songbirds in our study migrated faster than the green wave and increasingly caught up to its leading edge en route.

Consequently, songbirds experience a range of vegetation phenophases while migrating through North America, suggesting flexibility in their capacity to exploit variable resources in spring.
Gunshot detection technology effect on gun violence in Kansas City, Missouri: A microsynthetic control evaluation
Authors: Piza Eric L. , Hatten David N. , Mohler George O. , Carter Jeremy G. , Cho Jisoo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryWe apply the microsynthetic control method to evaluate the gun violence prevention effect of gunshot detection technology (GDT) in Kansas City, MO. We measure the influence of GDT on process measures (ballistic evidence collection and gun recoveries) and outcome measures (shots fired calls for service, non‐fatal shootings, fatal shootings, and aggravated assaults and robberies committed with a firearm). The GDT system was associated with higher levels of ballistic evidence collection in the GDT target area and surrounding catchment area, higher levels of gun recoveries in the surrounding catchment area, and lower levels of shots fired calls for service in the GDT target area. The GDT system did not influence any of the gun violence categories involving confirmed victims (non‐fatal shootings, fatal shootings, and aggravated assaults and robberies committed with a firearm).Policy ImplicationsAgencies that highly prioritize increasing evidence collection and reducing unauthorized firearm discharges may consider dedicating necessary resources to acquire GDT. Agencies that prioritize the reduction of gun violence victimization, however, should consider whether resources are better used for solutions other than GDT. Moving forward, violence prevention scholars should strive to identify contextual factors that facilitate or mitigate the GDT system effect, in an attempt to better understand how to deploy GDT in a manner that maximizes the likelihood of success. This would provide additional guidance to public safety agencies looking to maximize return on investment. Continued adoption of GDT should perhaps be contingent upon the development of such research, given the high cost of the technology.
On guard but not sworn: The relationship between school security guards, school resource officers, and student behavior, discipline, and arrests
Authors: Vernon Keenen , Curran F. Chris 
Published: November 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryThe increasing presence of armed security personnel in schools has led to concerns about the criminalization of students. While many schools use sworn law enforcement (e.g. school resource officers or SROs), many schools also use security guards who are not sworn law enforcement. Recent policy changes in a number of states and political pressures resulting from acts of mass school violence have led policymakers to face decisions between the use of SROs and security guards. This study informs this policy debate by empirically examining the relationships between security guards and SROs with rates of student behavior, discipline, and arrest using nationally representative data from the Civil Rights Data Collection. Controlling for observable covariates and school district fixed effects, we find that, in contrast to SROs, the use of security guards in schools is not systematically related to student arrest or suspension rates. The findings suggest that non‐sworn security guards may provide a form of security personnel that minimizes the criminalization of students relative to SROs.Policy ImplicationsAs school districts nationwide grapple with how to respond to school shootings and other acts of school violence, policymakers have frequently turned to the use of school security personnel, including SROs and security guards, as a response. Doing so, however, has been contentious given concerns about the overcriminalization of students. This study provides evidence to inform these policy debates by demonstrating the relationships between security guards and SROs and a number of outcomes. The results suggest that the use of security guards as a policy response may minimize arrests and exclusionary discipline relative to the use of SROs.
Scale dependency of community assembly differs between coastal marine bacteria and fungi
Authors: Xu Yuan , Chen Xinyi , Graco‐Roza Caio , Soininen Janne 
Published: November 2023

It is often assumed that community assembly processes, i.e. deterministic or stochastic factors determining the structure of communities, vary with spatial scale. However, evidence showing such scale‐dependency is challenging to gather, especially in microbial communities.Here we studied the relative importance of potential community assembly processes of bacterial and fungal communities across the coastline of China. We used null models based on phylogenetic and compositional turnover to quantify the relative importance of the processes at three spatial scales (local, regional and subcontinental). We used a generalized multinomial logistic regression to estimate the probability of observing the different assembly processes along environmental and spatial gradients. We found that, overall, deterministic processes are stronger in driving the assembly of bacterial communities compared to fungal communities, especially at the local scale. Moreover, the assembly processes in bacterial communities exhibit clear scale‐dependency, with homogeneous selection being the dominant process at the local scale, and dispersal limitation dominating at regional and subcontinental scales. Conversely, drift is consistently the dominant driver of fungal community assembly across all spatial scales. Our findings demonstrate scale‐dependency in community assembly processes between two marine microbial groups, and highlight the importance of adopting a multi‐scale approach to gain insights into the complex and dynamic spatial patterns of microbial communities.
Cmah deficiency blunts cellular senescence in adipose tissues and improves whole‐body glucose metabolism in aged mice
Authors: Takeda Reo , Tabuchi Ayaka , Nonaka Yudai , Kano Ryotaro , Sudo Mizuki , Kano Yutaka , Hoshino Daisuke 
Published: November 2023

AimCytidine monophosphate‐N‐acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) hydroxylase (Cmah) is an enzyme, which converts Neu5Ac to the sialic acid Neu5Gc. Neu5Gc is thought to increase inflammatory cytokines, which are, in part, produced in senescent cells of adipose tissues. Cellular senescence in adipose tissues induces whole‐body aging and impaired glucose metabolism. Therefore, we hypothesized that Cmah deficiency would prevent cellular senescence in adipose tissues and impaired glucose metabolism.MethodsWild‐type (WT) and Cmah knockout (KO) mice aged 24–25 months were used. Whole‐body metabolism was assessed using a metabolic gas analysis system. We measured blood glucose and insulin concentrations after oral glucose administration. The size of the lipid droplets in the liver was quantified. Markers of cellular senescence and senescence‐associated secretory phenotypes were measured in adipose tissues.ResultsCmah KO had significantly increased VO2 and energy expenditure (P < 0.01). Unlike glucose, the insulin concentration after oral glucose administration was significantly lower in the Cmah KO group than in the WT group (P < 0.001). Lipid droplets in the liver were significantly lower in the Cmah KO group than in the WT group (P < 0.05). The markers of cellular senescence and senescence‐associated secretory phenotypes in the adipose tissues were significantly lower in the Cmah KO group than in the WT group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsCmah deficiency blunted cellular senescence in adipose tissues and improved whole‐body glucose metabolism. These characteristics in aged Cmah KO mice might be associated with higher energy expenditure. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 958–964.
Qualitative study exploring general dental practitioners' views of MIH and its management in the UK and Australia
Authors: Osborne Rachel , Silva Mihiri , Taylor Greig D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundMolar–incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a prevalent condition, and how it is managed varies greatly between professional groups.AimTo explore, and compare, the UK and Australian general dental practitioners' management of MIH in children.DesignFace‐to‐face (remote) semistructured interviews were undertaken, using country‐specific topic guides. Participants were purposively sampled and recruited through national conferences and research networks (eviDent Foundation and Northern Dental Practice Based Research Network). Interviews (from each country) were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and independently analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsTwo major themes arose from the UK interviews: (i) decision‐making complexities and understanding of treatment options and (ii) need for specialist input. The main Australian themes were (i) multidisciplinary approach to management supporting decision‐making complexities and (ii) economic implications for care. Several difficulties, such as financial implications, multidisciplinary care and clinical decision‐making, were identified as barriers to effectively managing MIH by GDPs in primary care.ConclusionThere are similarities and differences in the knowledge and management of MIH amongst UK and Australian nonspecialists. The different healthcare systems played a significant role in shaping how GDPs manage MIH with barriers relating to affordability, multidisciplinary care and clinical decision‐making.
Utilizing the visual analogue scale (VAS) to monitor and manage pain in post‐operative skin wounds after thoracic surgery
Authors: Qu Mingyue , Zhao Jialai , Zhang Yiling , Xu Zigeng , Ma Chenguang , Cui Hanwen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDue to the global increase in thoracic interventions, there is greater emphasis on refining post‐operative care. The purpose of this study was to validate the visual analogue scale (VAS) as the valid method for measuring post‐operative pain in thoracic surgery patients. From January 2020 to June 2022, this cross‐sectional study investigated 240 adult patients who underwent elective thoracic surgeries in Thoracic Surgery Department of Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital. The participants were instructed to rate their discomfort using VAS at predetermined intervals after surgery. The following demographic and clinical information was recorded: age, gender, type of thoracic surgery, and history of chronic pain. Results showed a progressive decline in post‐operative VAS scores over 72 h: 8.2 immediately after surgery, 6.0 at 24 h, 5.4 at 48 h, and 3.6 by 72 h. There were notable correlations between VAS scores and chronic pain history, with moderately positive correlation of 0.40 being observed. Mean scores for males and females were 3.8 and 3.9, respectively. The analysis by age revealed comparable mean scores for age categories below and above 40. With the exception of thoracic wall resection, which resulted in an average VAS score of 4.1 ± 1.0 (p < 0.05), the type of surgery had the minimal effect on variability of pain scores. The VAS is a reliable method for evaluating post‐thoracic surgery discomfort. Given the substantial impact of pain history on VAS scores, there is an urgent need for personalized pain management strategies to improve post‐operative care.
Shapely additive values can effectively visualize pertinent covariates in machine learning when predicting hypertension
Authors: Huang Alexander A. , Huang Samuel Y. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMachine learning methods are widely used within the medical field to enhance prediction. However, little is known about the reliability and efficacy of these models to predict long‐term medical outcomes such as blood pressure using lifestyle factors, such as diet. The authors assessed whether machine‐learning techniques could accurately predict hypertension risk using nutritional information. A cross‐sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between January 2017 and March 2020. XGBoost was used as the machine‐learning model of choice in this study due to its increased performance relative to other common methods within medical studies. Model prediction metrics (e.g., AUROC, Balanced Accuracy) were used to measure overall model efficacy, covariate Gain statistics (percentage each covariate contributes to the overall prediction) and SHapely Additive exPlanations (SHAP, method to visualize each covariate) were used to provide explanations to machine‐learning output and increase the transparency of this otherwise cryptic method. Of a total of 9650 eligible patients, the mean age was 41.02 (SD = 22.16), 4792 (50%) males, 4858 (50%) female, 3407 (35%) White patients, 2567 (27%) Black patients, 2108 (22%) Hispanic patients, and 981 (10%) Asian patients. From evaluation of model gain statistics, age was found to be the single strongest predictor of hypertension, with a gain of 53.1%. Additionally, demographic factors such as poverty and Black race were also strong predictors of hypertension, with gain of 4.33% and 4.18%, respectively. Nutritional Covariates contributed 37% to the overall prediction: Sodium, Caffeine, Potassium, and Alcohol intake being significantly represented within the model. Machine Learning can be used to predict hypertension.