bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of cellulose acetate based flexible separator and its application in zinc–air batteries
Authors: Yuan Yifan , Chen Hongyou , Peng Liangkui , Liu Yingqi , Zou Jin , Cheng Lu , Wang Ying , Xia Xin , Zhou Huimin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Flexible solid-state zinc–air batteries as a wearable energy storage device with great potential, and their separators, which control ion permeability, inhibit zinc dendrite generation, and regulate catalytic active sites, have been developed as gel electrolyte separators with high retention of electrolyte uptake. However, the gel electrolyte separator still has problems such as poor affinity with the electrolyte and poor ionic conductivity, which limits its further application. In order to further improve the electrolyte absorption, ionic conductivity and mechanical strength of cellulose acetate(CA)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers, TiO2 was added to CA/PVA to increase the porosity, and glutaraldehyde (GA) was used to modify the CA/PVA/TiO2 separator by acetal reaction with CA and PVA to make the molecules closely linked. The results shows that the optimal mass fractions of TiO2 and GA were 2% and 5%, respectively. At this time, the porosity and absorption rate of the separator increased from 48% to 68.2% and 142.4% to 285.3%, respectively. The discharge capacity reached 179 mA cm−3, and the cycle stability rate was 89% after 7 stable constant current charge/discharge cycles.
Performance analysis of the damper with built-in magnetorheological valve
Authors: Dong Xiaomin , Liu Qinglin , Li Pingyang , Li Xin , Fei Zhenyang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Commercial vehicles are usually equipped with suspension seats to improve ride comfort. As a semi-active intelligent device, magnetorheological damper can effectively improve seat comfort when applied to seat suspension. Firstly, a novel damper with built-in magnetorheological valve (MRVD) based on the squeeze mode of magnetorheological fluid (MRF) is designed, which integrates the magnetorheological valve (MRV) into the piston. This structure adopts a bidirectional controllable flow channel, double coil, and double squeeze chamber. Secondly, the mathematical model of the MRVD is derived based on the Bingham plastic model of the MRF. Then, the distribution of magnetic flux density in the effective damping gaps is simulated using finite element method. Finally, it is shown from a comparative work between the simulation results from the derived mathematical model and experimental test results of the MRVD that the established mathematical model can predict the field-dependent damping force well. The idea of integrating the MRV into the piston provides a new approach for the application of magnetorheological technology.
THz hooks generated on the basis of hollow reflection mirror
Authors: Yang Yu-Jing , Zhang De-Long 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THz hook (TH) is a curved beam in THz frequency region, which is characterized additionally by the bending angle θ besides focal length, intensity and transverse size. Here, we study paired THs generated by two cuboid scatterers placed on a hollow mirror. The study focuses on the effects of hollow geometry and polarization state of incident wave on the THs performance. The results show that the hollow geometry affects mainly the bending angle θ, which can change by two fold. The effect is associated with the hollow geometry induced changes of number and position of phase singularity in Poynting vector distribution. The polarization state of incident wave affects considerably both bending angle and focal length. As the polarization state is changed, the FL (focal length) can change by ∼26 fold and the θ by ∼9° due to the interactions of the polarized electric field with scatterers and with the hollow mirror. It implies that the use of hollow mirror results in significant enhancement of polarization effect on the TH performance. Present study allows to conclude that the bending angle and focal length of paired THs generated on the basis of the hollow mirror can be efficiently tailored by the hollow geometry and polarization state.
Structural, dielectric, and electrochemical properties of pear-shaped CexLi2Zn0.5Mn0.5Ti3−xO8 supercapacitor: XRD and dielectric calculation
Authors: Abou Hammad Ali B , Magar Hend S , Cao Feng , El-Ashkar T Y Mansour , El Nahrawy Amany M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Complex nano-perovskite materials have recently gained attention as promising electrode materials for supercapacitors due to their high capacitances. The crystalline structure, dielectric properties, and electrochemical properties of LiZn0.5Mn0.5Ti3-xCexO8 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, & 0.15) pear-shaped nanoceramics, which were prepared through sol–gel reactions and sintered at 800 °C for 3 h, were explored. The XRD proves the well-crystalline structure for the prepared nanoceramic with the diffraction peaks corresponding to the cubic LiZnTi3O8 phase, the doped samples appearing with new peaks are matched to the cubic CeO2 phase. The impact of the Ce3+ ratio in the Li2Zn0.5Mn0.5Ti3O8 pear-shaped nanostructure on the dielectric properties of the nanoceramics is apparent, as the conductivity increases with increasing frequency and temperature. The electrochemical attitude can be ascribed to the LiZn0.5Mn0.5Ti3O8 pear-shaped nanostructure under the effect of Ce3+ ions producing continuous internal rearrangement. The capacitance values for Li2Zn0.5Mn0.5Ti3O8 doped with different ratios (3, 5, 10, 15%) Ce3+ are changed from 41.58 to 38.28 F.g-1, at scan rate (10) mVs-1. High electrocatalytic properties of the LiZn0.5Mn0.5Ti3-xCexO8 nanoceramics is approved using cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Furthermore, the Electrochemical analysis indicates that LiZn0.5Mn0.5Ti3-xCexO8 nanoceramics promising for supercapacitors applications.
Scattering of a wave packet by the Pöschl-Teller potential well
Authors: Jiang Tsin-Fu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We investigate the scattering of a wave packet by the Pöschl-Teller potential in momentum representation. The scattering dynamics of the wave packet for a long-time evolution is feasible in this representation. With the wave function in momentum space, we can construct the time-dependent phase space Wigner function. The corresponding density function in coordinate space is then calculated through the Wigner function. The reflectionless wave packet for integer ν and partially reflected for non-integer ν are demonstrated by analyzing the Wigner function.
Initial states-induced complex behaviors in a memristive coupled Hopfield neural network model and its application in biomedical image encryption
Authors: Biamou Arsene Loic Mbanda , Kamdoum Tamba Victor , Kuate Guy Chance Gildas , Tagne François Kapche , Takougang Armand Cyrille Nzeukou , Fotsin Hilaire Bertrand 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The multi-stable memristor is a type of memristor that can store multiple conductance states, optimizing information management and improving the efficiency of artificial neural networks such as Hopfield networks. It can improve the performance of Hopfield neural networks by minimizing the synaptic weight between neurons and increasing information storage capacity through its ability to store multiple levels of conductance. This paper presents and discusses a novel Hopfield neural network model composed of two non-identical sub-neural networks coupled by a flux-controlled multi-stable memristor (MCHNN) and its application in biomedical image encryption. Using analysis methods such as bifurcation diagrams, phase portraits, maximum Lyapunov exponent, and basins of attraction, we analyze the dynamics of the MCHNN model associated with coupling strength and initial states. Numerical results show that the proposed MCHNN model is capable of developing rich and complex dynamics, including chaos, double-bubble bifurcations, homogeneous and non-homogeneous coexisting attractors at different positions induced by initial states. To support the numerical results, the MCHNN model is implemented on a ATmega 2560 microcontroller. The results are in very good agreement with those obtained thoeretically and numerically. We exploit the interesting properties of the proposed MCHNN model to generate random bits for biomedical image encryption. We evaluate the robustness and efficiency of the designed image encryption algorithm by carrying out statistical tests and security analyses.
Quintessential α-attractor inflation:
a dynamical systems analysis
Authors: Alho Artur , Uggla Claes 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The equations for quintessential α-attractor inflation
with a single scalar field, radiation and matter in a spatially flat
FLRW spacetime are recast into a regular dynamical system on a
compact state space. This enables a complete description of the
solution space of these models. The inflationary attractor solution
is shown to correspond to the unstable center manifold of a de
Sitter fixed point, and we describe connections between slow-roll
and dynamical systems approximations for this solution, including
Padé approximants. We also introduce a new method for
systematically obtaining initial data for quintessence evolution by
using dynamical systems properties; in particular, this method exploits
that there exists a radiation dominated line of fixed points with
an unstable quintessence attractor submanifold, which plays a role
that is reminiscent of that of the inflationary attractor solution
for inflation.
Oxygen vacancy in CoO/reduced graphene oxide composite for enhancing long-term effectiveness of photocatalytic CO2 reduction via mediating exciton
Authors: Wang Rui , Du Libo , Liu Yang , Gu Yueliang , Li Xiaolong , Li Yuehui 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) has been expected to be an effective way to reduce carbon emissions. Designing photocatalytic materials with long-term effectiveness is the key of photocatalytic technology. In this work, CoO nanoparticles loaded on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) membranes on silicon substrate were in-situ fabricated by one-step method. The resulting materials can convert CO2 into carbon monoxide (CO) up to 70 h at a steady rate of ∼185 ± 30 µmol g−1 h−1 with a selectivity of nearly 100%. This material system contained rich oxygen vacancies and generated new oxygen vacancies during the photocatalytic process. Oxygen vacancies mediate the interactions with excitons: (i) promoting the dissociation of free excitons; (ii) leading to form bound excitons under the coupling effect with phonons, inhibiting the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes as well as enhancing the long-term effectiveness of photocatalytic CO2 reduction. We hope this work can provide valuable insights for the design and optimization of photocatalytic materials.
Recent DIII-D progress toward validating models of tungsten erosion, re-deposition, and migration for application to next-step fusion devices
Authors: Abrams T , Guterl J G , Abe S , Donovan D C , Bykov I , Johnson C A , Nichols J H , Elder J D , Ennis D A , Loch S D , Rudakov D L , Sinclair G , Skinner C H , Stangeby P C , Thomas D M , Unterberg E A , Wampler W R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Fundamental mechanisms governing the erosion and prompt re-deposition of tungsten impurities in tokamak divertors are identified and analyzed to inform the lifetime of tungsten plasma-facing components in ITER and other future devices. Various experiments conducted at DIII-D to benchmark predictive models are presented, leveraging the DiMES removable sample exposure probe capability and the Metal Rings Campaign, in which toroidally symmetric rows of tungsten-coated tiles were installed in the DIII-D divertor. In tokamak divertors, the width of the electric sheath is of the order of the main ion Larmor radius, and a vast majority of sputtered tungsten impurities are typically ionized within the sheath. Therefore, W prompt redeposition is mainly governed by the ratio of the characteristic ionization mean-free path of neutral tungsten to the width of the sheath. In-situ monitoring of the prompt redeposition of tungsten impurities in divertors is demonstrated via the use of WII/WI line ratios and the ionizations/photon (S/XB) method in L-mode discharges. Even with this relatively limited set of emission measurements, net erosion measurements were found to be a consistent upper bound to an analytic scaling based on the ratio of the W ionization length,

λ

iz

,

and the width of the magnetic sheath rather than the ratio of

λ

iz

and the W+ gyro-radius. In the far-scrape-off layer (SOL) of the ITER divertor, however, it is calculated that the measurement of photon emissions associated with the ionization of tungsten impurities up to

W

5
+

may be required. Finally, W deposition patterns on DiMES collector probes, interpreted via DIVIMP-WallDYN modelling, reveal the key roles of progressive W erosion/re-deposition staps and E × B drifts in regulating long-range high-Z material migration.
Challenges and solutions for the downstream purification of therapeutic proteins
Authors: Tang Shuo , Tao Jiaoli , Li Ying 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The innovation in recombinant protein technology has brought forth a host of challenges related to the purification of these therapeutic proteins. This article delves into the intricate landscape of developing purification processes for artificially designed therapeutic proteins. The key hurdles include controlling protein reduction, protein capture, ensuring stability, eliminating aggregates, removing host cell proteins and optimizing protein recovery. In this review, we outline the purification strategies in order to obtain products of high purity, highlighting the corresponding solutions to circumvent the unique challenges presented by recombinant therapeutic proteins, and exemplify the practical applications by case studies. Finally, a perspective towards future purification process development is provided.
Horace: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Morgan Llewelyn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book provides an introduction to the poetry of Horace (Q. Horatius Flaccus), a Roman poet active in the second half of the 1st century bce. It sketches the eventful period in which he lived and wrote, when a destructive civil war was giving way to peace established by the first emperor, Augustus, and describes the poetic works he composed over three decades with the support of Augustus and his right-hand man Maecenas. These works reflect these interesting circumstances, but they also represent an effort to reinvent longstanding poetic modes in a form suitable for Horace’s day. Thus his Odes give Rome for the first time a corpus of lyric poetry modelled on a Greek tradition of lyric verse that had thrived at least 400 years earlier, and in various ways promote a lyric ethos of peaceful sociability in Horace’s contemporary city, while his satires adapt the work of his great Roman predecessor in the form, Lucilius, a charismatic figure from the free Republic of a century earlier, for the rather different circumstances of the Augustan age. This is sophisticated poetry that is very alive to its own character and past, then, and elucidating this aspect clarifies what it has to say about circumstances in Horace’s Rome. After an introductory chapter setting the scene of Horace’s life, the rise of Augustus, and the role of literary convention, chapters are devoted to Horace’s Satires, Epodes, Odes, and Epistles, including the Ars Poetica, descriptions of the collections being illustrated with translated passages from the poems. A final chapter picks up on hints throughout the book of Horace’s remarkable popularity in modern times, the perception of the Roman poet as a model of good sense and a source of human consolation and pithy moral maxims, a reputation founded upon an appreciation of his consummate powers of memorable composition.
Exotic matter (and antimatter)
Authors: Close Frank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter tackles the concept of quarks beyond those found in the familiar protons, neutrons, and pions. A strange baryon consists of three quarks at least one of which is a strange quark, while a strange meson contains either a strange quark or a strange antiquark. The properties of the variety of strange particles led theorists to invent the concept of strangeness. The chapter explains how processes were favoured or disfavoured by computing how much strangeness each of the participating particles carried. It also considers the heavier charm bottom and top quarks and the three varieties of neutrino, which have exceedingly small masses compared to electron mass.
Humans and beasts: understanding ourselves
Authors: Annas Julia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter references the narrative of Medea under the notion of Plato, stoicism, and accounts of human psychology and emotions. It provides a short overview of Medea's revenge. According to Stoics, emotions are themselves a kind of reason which the person determines to act on, so blind fury cannot lead to Medea’s carefully planned and self-aware revenge. On the other hand, Plato of Athens thinks psychological life is too complex to be accounted for purely in terms of reason and desire, and emotion is distinguished from reason. The chapter clarifies that there is no neutral way of presenting Euripides’ Medea so directors and actors have to make fundamental decisions as to how she is to be represented.
Reason, knowledge, and scepticism
Authors: Annas Julia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores ancient thinking into the concepts of reason, knowledge, and scepticism. It starts with the assumptions of knowledge, wherein is expected to be a matter of being in the right relation to facts or information. Socrates assumed that Apollo's oracle meant that he is the most aware of his own ignorance after he was dubbed to be the wisest person. Meanwhile, Plato develops the most ambitious model for knowledge: mathematics. The chapter then elaborates on ancient scepticism being concerned with holding beliefs as with knowledge and is best thought of as an intellectual position concerning the powers of reason. It mentions how the empiricist theories of knowledge are the minority stream in ancient epistemology.
When did it all begin? (And what is it anyway?)
Authors: Annas Julia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter looks into the history of ancient philosophy, which starts with the Greek philosophy of Thales who believed everything is water. Philosophy is often characterized as an explicit appeal to reason and argument. Due to Socrates, reasoned argument became the lifeblood of philosophy as it is only in the give and take of argument that people can achieve an understanding of the positions they hold and want to put forward to others. The chapter explores the philosophical legacy of Socrates, Aristotle, Plato, and many other philosophers. Ancient philosophy has played a most respected and occasionally influential role in the development of philosophy in Western European countries.
Cholinesterase inhibitors and falls, syncope and injuries in patients with cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ahuja Manan , Siddhpuria Shailee , Karimi Arian , Lewis Kaitlin , Wong Eric , Lee Justin , Reppas-Rindlisbacher Christina , Sood Emma , Gabor Christopher , Patterson Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Cholinesterase inhibitors are commonly used to treat patients with neurocognitive disorders, who often have an elevated risk of falling. Effective use of these medications requires a thoughtful assessment of risks and benefits.

Objective
To provide an update on previous reviews and determine the association between cholinesterase inhibitors and falls, syncope, fracture and accidental injuries in patients with neurocognitive disorders.

Methods
Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature and AgeLine were systematically searched through March 2023 to identify all randomised controlled trials of cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine) in patients with cognitive impairment. Corresponding authors were contacted for additional data necessary for meta-analysis. Inclusion criteria consisted of adults ≥19 years, with a diagnosis of dementia, Parkinson’s disease, mild cognitive impairment or traumatic brain injury. Data were extracted in duplicate for the aforementioned primary outcomes and all outcomes were analysed using random-effects meta-analysis.

Results
Fifty three studies (30 donepezil, 14 galantamine, 9 rivastigmine) were included providing data on 25, 399 patients. Cholinesterase inhibitors, compared to placebo, were associated with reduced risk of falls (risk ratio [RR] 0.84 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.73–0.96, P = 0.009]) and increased risk of syncope (RR 1.50 [95% CI = 1.02–2.21, P = 0.04]). There was no association with accidental injuries or fractures.

Conclusion
In patients with neurocognitive disorders, cholinesterase inhibitors were associated with decreased risk of falls, increased risk of syncope and no association with accidental trauma or fractures. These findings will help clinicians better evaluate risks and benefits of cholinesterase inhibitors.
The nature, drivers and equity consequences of informal payments for maternal and child health care in primary health centres in Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Ogbozor Pamela Adaobi , Hutchinson Eleanor , Goodman Catherine , McKee Martin , Onwujekwe Obinna , Balabanova Dina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Nigeria, most basic maternal and child health services in public primary health-care facilities should be either free of charge or subsidized. In practice, additional informal payments made in cash or in kind are common. We examined the nature, drivers and equity consequences of informal payments in primary health centres (PHC) in Enugu State. We used three interlinked qualitative methods: participant observation in six PHC facilities and two local government area (LGA) headquarters; in-depth interviews with frontline health workers (n = 19), managers (n = 4) and policy makers (n = 10); and focus group discussions (n = 2) with female service users. Data were analysed thematically using NVivo 12. Across all groups, informal payments were described as routine for immunization, deliveries, family planning consultations and birth certificate registration. Health workers, managers and policy makers identified limited supervision, insufficient financing of facilities, and lack of receipts for formal payments as enabling this practice. Informal payments were seen by managers and health workers as a mechanism to generate discretionary revenue to cover operational costs of the facility but, in practice, were frequently taken as extra income by health workers. Health workers rationalized informal payments as being of small value, and not a burden to users. However, informal payments were reported to be inequitable and exclusionary. Although they tended to be lower in rural PHCs than in wealthier urban facilities, participant observation revealed how, within a PHC, the lowest earners paid the same as others and were often left unattended if they failed to pay. Some female patients reported that extra payments excluded them from services, driving them to seek help from retail outlets or unlicensed health providers. As a result, informal payments reduced equity of access to essential services. Targeted policies are needed to improve financial risk protection for the poorest groups and address drivers of informal payments and unfairness in the health system.