bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a Novel Hypercrosslinked Carbohydrate Scaffold for Vocal Fold Medialization in an Ovine Model
Authors: Cates Daniel J. , Nachalon Yuval N. , Johnson Amanda L. , Lee Charles C. , Belafsky Peter C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesVocal fold medialization is commonly performed for glottic insufficiency and vocal fold immobility. Currently available materials are temporary injectables or synthetic implants. Acellular scaffolds may allow vocal fold augmentation with autologous tissue via host cell migration. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the use of a novel carbohydrate scaffold as a medialization implant.Study DesignAnimal model.SettingAcademic medical center.MethodsUnilateral type I medialization thyroplasty was performed in 3 Dorper cross ewes using a hypercrosslinked carbohydrate polymer (HCCP) scaffold. Animals were monitored for 4 weeks for general well‐being, dyspnea, and weight loss. The animals were euthanized at 4 weeks and the larynges harvested. Histologic evaluation was performed to assess for adverse tissue reaction, migration, degradation, and biocompatibility.ResultsNo adverse events were reported. No animals lost weight or displayed evidence of dyspnea. Histology demonstrated ingrowth of host cells and neovascularization with minimal peri‐implant inflammatory reaction. Cellular ingrowth into the scaffold was predominately made up of fibroblasts and early inflammatory cells. Scaffold shape was grossly maintained as it underwent degradation and replacement with host tissue. Migration of the implant material was not observed.ConclusionVocal fold medialization in an ovine model with an HCCP scaffold resulted in the ingrowth of host cells with minimal peri‐implant inflammation. Scaffold shape was maintained without evidence of migration as it underwent replacement with host tissue. Further research is required to assess long‐term efficacy in comparison to currently available implants.
Anisotropy and relaminarisation of the turbulent flow near a rotating cylindrical cavity wall
Authors: Hultsch Thomas , Rüdiger Frank , Stiller Jörg , Fröhlich Jochen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRotor internal cooling is a new concept for high power density electric vehicle drives. A turbulent pipe flow is injected into a cylindrical cavity in the rotor shaft of the motor. The flow is deflected in the cavity, accelerated in circumferential direction by the rotor wall and exits through an annular duct with the outer wall rotating. Due to the opposing effects of rotation on turbulence, a complex transitional flow develops. The strong shear layer in the jet region causes high turbulence production. On the other hand, these fluctuations are damped by the centrifugal forces due to the flow rotation. To investigate the influences of the rotation on the turbulence properties and the mean flow, highly resolved large eddy simulations are performed. It is shown that the turbulence production and attenuation due to rotation affect different components of the Reynolds shear stress tensor. This results in highly anisotropic turbulence. In certain areas, where the turbulence attenuation is strongest, the flow even relaminarises. Since the cooling efficiency depends on the turbulent heat transfer of the flow, the local turbulence characteristics are key quantities for the cooling application.
Exploring quality evaluation markers of Fructus Psoraleae based on chemometric analysis integrated with network pharmacology
Authors: Zhao Yuting , Guo Junfeng , Mu Qixuan , Liu Ruojin , Liu Hui , Xu Yanyan , Li Yubo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionFructus Psoraleae (FP) is a well‐known traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of osteoporosis. However, major quality differences were witnessed owing to its various origins, thus influencing its safety and efficacy.ObjectivesThe study aimed to evaluate the quality of FP from different origins and predict its quality evaluation markers.MethodsUltra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry was employed for tentative characterisation of the constituents in 10 batches of FP, followed by the utilisation of multivariate statistical analysis methods including principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis for quality evaluation. Network pharmacology approaches were utilised to explore the underlying mechanism of the screened chemotaxonomic markers in treating osteoporosis.ResultsForty‐one components in FP including, chalcones, coumarins, coumestans, flavonoids, iso‐flavonoids, and phenolics, were characterised based on their fragmentation pathways. Ten batches of FP were basically divided into three categories, and eight chemotaxonomic markers including isopsoralen, calamenene, bakuchiol, psoralen, bavachinin, isoneobavaisoflavone, corylifol C, and neobavaisoflavone were screened. Network pharmacology revealed that the chemotaxonomic markers can act on targets such as AKT1, HSP90AA1, and EGFR and possess effects mainly through glycolysis and wnt/β‐catenin signalling to alleviate osteoporosis. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation confirmed the good binding affinity and stability between proteins and selected markers. So, eight chemotaxonomic markers were all preferentially recommended as quality evaluation markers.ConclusionThe study not only provides a reference for the improvement of quality control of FP but also offers a theoretical basis for its further in‐depth research in osteoporosis.
Avicennia germinans leaf traits in degraded, restored, and natural mangrove ecosystems of Guyana
Authors: Dookie Sabrina , Jaikishun Sirpaul , Ansari Abdullah Adil 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMangrove leaves have unique features that enable them to cope with shifting environmental conditions while preserving their general functionality and efficiency. We examined the morphological characteristics and chlorophyll content (spectroscopically) of 600 mature Avicennia germinans leaves selected from 30 trees located in one degraded, one restored, and one natural mangrove ecosystem along Guyana's coastline. Systematic sampling was carried out using the closest individual sampling method in the wet and dry seasons. We hypothesized that both habitat type and seasonality influence the leaf traits and chlorophyll content of A. germinans. Our findings showed that A. germinans leaves are mesophyllous, and traits such as leaf perimeter, area, length, width, dry mass, wet mass, turgid mass, leaf‐specific area, and relative water content showed fluctuations in ecosystems (one‐way ANOVA, p < .05) as well as seasonally (paired t‐test, p < .05). Substantial, positive correlations (p < .05, R > .75) were also established for over 10 leaf parameters in both seasons while PCA and multiple regression analyses further confirmed the strong relationships between leaf morphological features and their respective locations. Changes in chlorophyll concentration were most noticeable in the degraded ecosystem while variations in leaf traits were more pronounced in the restored mangrove area. This may be due to the various disturbances found in each ecosystem coupled with fluctuations in the seasons. Our results demonstrate that mangroves, to some extent, alter their plant structures to cope with environmental stressors present in the various ecosystems they thrive in to maintain their survival.
Substituted effects on bonding characteristics of cyclopentane‐1,3‐diyl diradicals monitored by time‐resolved infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Kondoh Masato , Kuboki Shunsuke , Kume Hidetaka , Oda Eriku , Abe Manabu , Ishibashi Taka‐aki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCyclopentane‐1,3‐diyl diradicals (DRs) provide excellent opportunities to study the properties of diradicals because their lifetimes can be significantly lengthened to up to milliseconds with the introduction of proper substituents. This study investigated the bonding characteristics of singlet and triplet DRs having C=O and p‐cyanophenyl groups (S‐DR3 and T‐DR3) by monitoring the photo‐induced formation of the diradicals from their precursor azo compounds using time‐resolved IR (TR‐IR) spectroscopy. Upon the formation of S‐DR3, a C=O stretching wavenumber was upshifted by 22 cm−1, whereas a C≡N stretching one was downshifted by 12 cm−1. The observed shifts indicate that the unpaired electrons increase and decrease the C=O and C≡N bond orders, respectively. The effects of the unpaired electrons in S‐DR3 were similar to those observed in our previous TR‐IR studies on a singlet cyclopentane‐1,3‐diyl diradical having C=O but no C≡N groups (S‐DR2) and on that having C≡N but no C=O groups (S‐DR1), respectively. Contrastingly, upon the formation of T‐DR3, the C=O wavenumber was downshifted by 16 cm−1, indicating that the unpaired electrons decrease the C=O bond order. More notably, no detectable shifts were observed in the C≡N stretching wavenumber. These observations are not clearly explained by a model suggested in the previous studies on S‐DRs. Here, we discuss and propose a more elaborated resonance hybrid of DRs that can explain the directions and relative magnitudes of the observed wavenumber shifts irrespective of spin multiplicities. We expect that the findings and suggestions presented here will stimulate research in both organic and theoretical chemistry.
Double CRISPR knockout of pectin degrading enzymes improves tomato shelf‐life while ensuring fruit quality
Authors: Ortega‐Salazar Isabel , Crum Daphne , Sbodio Adrian O. , Sugiyama Yuko , Adaskaveg Adam , Wang Duoduo , Seymour Graham B. , Li Xueqi , Wang Selina C. , Blanco‐Ulate Barbara 
Published: October 2023

Social Impact StatementTomato fruit is an important and popular commodity producing $95.62 billion worldwide. Tomato fruit losses in the supply chain vary between 25% and 42% depending on the production area and the availability of postharvest technologies. For many decades, conventional tomato breeding programs have focused on extending the shelf‐life of fresh‐market varieties. However, in many instances, consumer‐based quality traits were not considered a priority. Consumers are now demanding safe, nutrient‐rich, high‐flavor, and convenient fruit. Here, we demonstrate the use of gene editing to improve fruit shelf‐life and positively impact quality, which can help significantly reduce tomato fruit losses and meet consumer expectations.Summary

Finding alternative ways to extend tomato fruit shelf‐life without reducing the quality is critical to ensure the accessibility and likeability of this commodity worldwide. Improving fruit firmness in tomato fresh‐market varieties directly impacts their shelf‐life potential. We simultaneously knocked out two pectin‐degrading enzymes, polygalacturonase (SlPG2a) and pectate lyase (SlPL), key for tomato fruit softening. We expected this gene‐editing approach to result in longer‐lasting fruit without negatively impacting consumer‐based quality attributes.
By generating the double clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) knockout PGPL, we evaluated the combined functions of SlPG2a and SlPL on fruit quality, including shelf‐life attributes like firmness and water loss, fruit marketability, and disease incidence. We also assessed additional attributes impacting consumer acceptance, such as taste and aroma.
We revealed that the enzymes SlPG2a and SlPL act additively, significantly impacting fruit firmness and shelf‐life, with the double CRISPR knockout PGPL outperforming the wild‐type fruit. Additionally, fruit quality traits, such as sugar: acid ratio, aroma volatiles, and skin color, were improved or not affected in the double CRISPR knockout PGPL compared to the wild‐type.
The discoveries of this research provide new insights into the influence of pectin backbone degradation on fruit physiology and postharvest quality, which can be used in crop improvement programs to make fruit more resilient in the supply chain without compromising quality.
Volume assured pressure support mode use for non‐invasive ventilation in pediatrics
Authors: Cithiravel Nisha , Xiao Lena , Shi Jenny , Chiang Jackie , Amin Reshma 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere has been increasing interest in utilizing volume assured pressure support (VAPS) modes of ventilation for children, which historically had only been favored in adult populations. In addition to patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome, newer pediatric populations for which it has recently been prescribed include congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and children with neuromuscular disease such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy. Given its expanding use in pediatrics, greater familiarity with VAPS is essential for pediatric pulmonologists and sleep physicians. This review article will highlight methods of initiation for this mode, specific ventilator settings, discussion of suitable pediatric patient populations, ventilator titrations via formal polysomnograms and detailed ventilator data downloads specific interpretation. Finally, common challenges to be aware of and how to troubleshoot relevant machine alarms will be reviewed.
Lethal and sublethal effects of carlina oxide on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Authors: Rizzo Roberto , Ragusa Ernesto , Benelli Giovanni , Lo Verde Gabriella , Zeni Valeria , Maggi Filippo , Petrelli Riccardo , Spinozzi Eleonora , Ferrati Marta , Sinacori Milko , Tsolakis Haralabos 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDTetranychus urticae Koch, is a polyphagous and damaging pest, presenting several resistant populations worldwide. Among new and more environmentally friendly control tools, botanical pesticides represent a valuable alternative to synthetic ones within integrated pest management strategies. Accordingly, we investigated the lethal and sublethal effects of carlina oxide isolated from Carlina acaulis (Asteraceae) roots on T. urticae and its natural enemy, the predatory mite, Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor).RESULTSCarlina oxide (98.7% pure compound) was used for acaricidal tests on eggs, nymphs, and adult females of T. urticae (concentrations of 312.5, 625, 1250, 2500 and 5000 μL L−1), and eggs and females of N. californicus (1250 and 5000 μL L−1 on eggs and females, respectively). Behavioral two‐choice tests were also conducted on phytoseiid females. Carlina oxide toxicity was higher on T. urticae females than nymphs (median lethal dose 1145 and 1825 μL L−1, respectively), whereas egg mortality and mean hatching time were significantly affected by all tested concentrations. A decreasing daily oviposition rate for T. urticae was recorded with concentrations ranging from 625 to 5000 μL L−1, whereas negative effects on the population growth rate were recorded only with the three higher concentrations (1250, 2500 and 5000 μL L−1). No toxic effect on N. californicus females was found, but a strong repellent activity lasting for 48 h from application was recorded.CONCLUSIONCarlina oxide reduced longevity and fecundity of T. urticae adults, but not of N. californicus. This selective property allows us to propose it as a novel active ingredient of ecofriendly acaricides for T. urticae management. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
A comprehensive profiling of renin–angiotensin system in mouse and human plasma by a rapid quantitative analysis of 14 angiotensin peptides using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Yamin , Li Linnan , Wang Zhengtao , Yang Li 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundThe renin–angiotensin system produces a series of biologically active angiotensin (Ang) peptides. These Ang peptides are the major regulators of blood pressure and Na homeostasis, and play a critical role in maintaining cardiovascular and fluid homeostasis. The concentration of Ang peptides in the body is at trace levels, making their detection and quantification a challenge. In this study, a rapid and sensitive analytical method using mass spectrometry coupled with ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC/MS) was developed to simultaneously quantify 14 Ang peptides.MethodsUHPLC/MS was employed to quantify 14 Ang peptides in mouse and human plasma. An HSS T3 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.8 μm) with an HSS T3 precolumn and triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometer combined with an electrospray ionization source were utilized. Sample pretreatment involved a one‐step protein precipitation using methanol. The total analysis time was within 7.5 min and the target peptides were detected in positive ion mode and quantified by selected reaction monitoring mode.ResultsThe method was validated for linearity, detection and quantification limits, precision, stability, recovery and matrix effect. The limits of detection of Ang II, Ang III, Ang‐(1–7), Ang‐(2–7), Ang‐(3–7), Ang‐(1–9), bradykinin, Asn1 and Val5‐Ang II are all less than 1 pg mL−1, indicating high sensitivity. The intra‐day and inter‐day precision was within 15%, and the accuracy was between 85% and 115%. Meanwhile, the sample and reference solution were stable within 48 h, and the recovery and matrix effect met the quantitative requirements.ConclusionsThe method is currently reported to allow the largest number of Ang peptide species to be detected at one time. In addition, the proposed method offers a fast and reliable approach for comprehensive analysis of Ang metabolism in biological samples, facilitating research on the physiological and pathological states of cardiovascular, kidney and respiratory diseases.
Integrating grafting and companion planting to improve crop performance in intensive high‐tunnel tomato production
Authors: Ghanem Wadih , Kaplan Ian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionTomatoes are among the most popular horticultural crops cultivated in high tunnels. Due to space limitations in these enclosed environments, some tomatoes are produced in succession (i.e., without rotation) across years, which could lead to yield reductions over time. However, the impact of tomato monocultures on productivity in high tunnels and strategies to buffer against yield declines need further testing.Materials and MethodsWe used a 4‐year field experiment whereby heirloom tomatoes (cv. Cherokee Purple and Black Krim) were grown in the same high tunnel soil over time. We tested the impact of both tomato grafting and companion planting on aboveground vegetative biomass and fruit yield. For the grafting treatment, we used the commercially available Maxifort and wild tomato, Solanum pimpinellifolium, as rootstocks. For companion planting, we seeded open alleys with clover and spatially shifted crop beds each year such that tomatoes were transplanted into the previous year's clover planting.ResultsOur data indicate that the companion (clover) treatment had little to no impact on tomato production, while grafting to Maxifort rootstock had a significant positive effect on biomass and yield. However, beneficial effects of grafting were only observed over time, in years three (+71% inc. in biomass) and four (+77% inc. in biomass, +38% inc. in yield) of the experiment; not during the initial 2 years. Leaf (SPAD) and fruit (Brix) metrics were unaffected by any of the treatments.ConclusionOverall, our results suggest that grafting tomatoes with commercially available rootstock is an effective tool for maintaining production in high tunnel monocultures over time.
Keystone predatory protists are associated closely with ammonia‐oxidizing microorganisms in an acidic Ultisol
Authors: Lin Yongxin , Ye Guiping , Hu Hang‐Wei , Ding Weixin , Fan Jianbo , He Zi‐Yang , He Ji‐Zheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPredatory protists are widely recognized as critical biotic forces driving soil microbial communities, but their top‐down controls on ammonia‐oxidizing microorganisms (AOMs), the major players in nitrification, are largely unresolved. Here, we investigated the communities of predatory protists and their associations with AOMs using high‐throughput sequencing and network analysis in soil aggregates following various long‐term organic substitutions. We found that organic substitutions increased while soil aggregation decreased the alpha diversity of predatory protists. Predatory protistan communities were significantly associated with AOMs. Variosea, an important group of Amoebozoa, were the keystone predatory protists associated with the AOMs. Collectively, our findings highlight the importance of predatory protists, especially Variosea, in regulating the communities of AOMs in an acidic Ultsisol, with implications for managing nitrification by predatory protists in agricultural soils.
Sustainable redevelopment of urban areas: Assessment of key barriers for the reconstruction of old residential buildings
Authors: Van Nguyen Minh , Nguyen Tu Thanh , Phan Chien Thanh , Ha Khanh Duy 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe deterioration of residential buildings presents challenges to the sustainable development of urban areas, necessitating their reconstruction. Notwithstanding the fundamental importance of reconstructing old residential buildings, their execution is hindered by numerous challenges, resulting in significant time consumption and difficulties. This study aims to establish a model that can be employed to assess the barriers to reconstructing old residential buildings. The proposed model comprises four sustainable groups, including environmental, social, economic, and technical barriers. While the economic barrier showed the highest coefficient in the barrier index equation, the environmental barrier exhibited the lowest coefficient. The suggested model will provide practitioners with a means to quantify the barriers that impede the sustainable development of old residential building reconstruction projects before implementation. Furthermore, the study's outcomes will guide investors in identifying key focus areas to enhance sustainable development through the reconstruction of old residential buildings.
Recent Point of Care (PoC) Electrochemical Testing Trends of New Diagnostics Platforms for Vitamin D
Authors: Kirazoğlu Mervenur , Benli Birgül 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecent advancements in electrochemical sensors for the detection of vitamins, particularly vitamin D, have drawn a lot of attention due to their outstanding advantages of simplicity and high sensitivity. For the purpose of detecting vitamin D in this circumstance, recent research has focused on developing electrochemical sensors. Although there is always space for improvement, electrochemical sensors for vitamin D detection and its transformation into point‐of‐care devices have made great strides lately. For example, the development of innovative electrode materials that can increase sensitivity and selectivity continues to garner a lot of interest. New suggestions on adsorptive detections using vitamin D carriers like nanoclays or hydroxyapatite‐clay composites are being developed. These biosensors hold huge potential for the detection of cheap, disposable, and biodegradable solutions. Also, the biosensor could monitor the depletion of vitamin levels, providing a real‐time platform for the Internet of Medical Things, fifth‐generation wireless communications, and smartphone‐based electrochemical sensors. Currently, electrochemical sensors based on smartphones have been proposed to detect using various biomarkers for monitoring several changes in glucose, etc. We believe smartphone‐based electrochemical sensors and adsorptive sensing platforms provides a novel way toward point‐of‐care tests for identifying especially vitamin D deficiency and real‐time monitoring