bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dementia risk and thalamic nuclei volumetry in healthy midlife adults: the PREVENT Dementia study
Authors: Shah Sita N , Dounavi Maria-Eleni , Malhotra Paresh A , Lawlor Brian , Naci Lorina , Koychev Ivan , Ritchie Craig W , Ritchie Karen , O’Brien John T 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A reduction in the volume of the thalamus and its nuclei has been reported in Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment and asymptomatic individuals with risk factors for early-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Some studies have reported thalamic atrophy to occur prior to hippocampal atrophy, suggesting thalamic pathology may be an early sign of cognitive decline. We aimed to investigate volumetric differences in thalamic nuclei in middle-aged, cognitively unimpaired people with respect to dementia family history and apolipoprotein ε4 allele carriership and the relationship with cognition. Seven hundred participants aged 40–59 years were recruited into the PREVENT Dementia study. Individuals were stratified according to dementia risk (approximately half with and without parental dementia history). The subnuclei of the thalamus of 645 participants were segmented on T1-weighted 3 T MRI scans using FreeSurfer 7.1.0. Thalamic nuclei were grouped into six regions: (i) anterior, (ii) lateral, (iii) ventral, (iv) intralaminar, (v) medial and (vi) posterior. Cognitive performance was evaluated using the computerized assessment of the information-processing battery. Robust linear regression was used to analyse differences in thalamic nuclei volumes and their association with cognitive performance, with age, sex, total intracranial volume and years of education as covariates and false discovery rate correction for multiple comparisons. We did not find significant volumetric differences in the thalamus or its subregions, which survived false discovery rate correction, with respect to first-degree family history of dementia or apolipoprotein ε4 allele status. Greater age was associated with smaller volumes of thalamic subregions, except for the medial thalamus, but only in those without a dementia family history. A larger volume of the mediodorsal medial nucleus (Pfalse discovery rate = 0.019) was associated with a faster processing speed in those without a dementia family history. Larger volumes of the thalamus (P = 0.016) and posterior thalamus (Pfalse discovery rate = 0.022) were associated with significantly worse performance in the immediate recall test in apolipoprotein ε4 allele carriers. We did not find significant volumetric differences in thalamic subregions in relation to dementia risk but did identify an interaction between dementia family history and age. Larger medial thalamic nuclei may exert a protective effect on cognitive performance in individuals without a dementia family history but have little effect on those with a dementia family history. Larger volumes of posterior thalamic nuclei were associated with worse recall in apolipoprotein ε4 carriers. Our results could represent initial dysregulation in the disease process; further study is needed with functional imaging and longitudinal analysis.
Brain dynamics predictive of response to psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Vohryzek Jakub , Cabral Joana , Lord Louis-David , Fernandes Henrique M , Roseman Leor , Nutt David J , Carhart-Harris Robin L , Deco Gustavo , Kringelbach Morten L 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Psilocybin therapy for depression has started to show promise, yet the underlying causal mechanisms are not currently known. Here, we leveraged the differential outcome in responders and non-responders to psilocybin (10 and 25 mg, 7 days apart) therapy for depression—to gain new insights into regions and networks implicated in the restoration of healthy brain dynamics. We used large-scale brain modelling to fit the spatiotemporal brain dynamics at rest in both responders and non-responders before treatment. Dynamic sensitivity analysis of systematic perturbation of these models enabled us to identify specific brain regions implicated in a transition from a depressive brain state to a healthy one. Binarizing the sample into treatment responders (&gt;50% reduction in depressive symptoms) versus non-responders enabled us to identify a subset of regions implicated in this change. Interestingly, these regions correlate with in vivo density maps of serotonin receptors 5-hydroxytryptamine 2a and 5-hydroxytryptamine 1a, which psilocin, the active metabolite of psilocybin, has an appreciable affinity for, and where it acts as a full-to-partial agonist. Serotonergic transmission has long been associated with depression, and our findings provide causal mechanistic evidence for the role of brain regions in the recovery from depression via psilocybin.
Development of a β-lactamase activity assay for detecting ligand–protein interactions using an engineered split intein and β-lactamase
Authors: Hagiwara Hiroaki , Fujii Eriho , Iwabuchi Taisei , Takahashi Tsuyoshi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Several synthetic compounds bind to proteins of interest and inhibit protein–protein interactions. To develop a detection method for the interactions between the synthetic compounds and the target proteins, we used an engineered split intein derived from Nostoc punctiforme PCC73102 (Npu) DnaE and TEM-1 β-lactamase as reporter proteins. We constructed synthetic ligands bearing a 6-residue C-terminal peptide from Npu DnaE and Cys-Trp as the C-extein, and target proteins bearing the N-terminal region of the engineered Npu DnaE and residues 24–284 of β-lactamase. Specific ligand–protein interactions such as phosphopeptide–Src homology domain 2 (SH2) of c-Src and imatinib–quinone reductase 2 (NQO2) increased the protein trans-splicing (PTS) reaction rates and yields. The PTS product showed the enhanced β-lactamase activity compared with the starting materials. The PTS-based β-lactamase activity assay was used for the quantitative analysis of the ligand–protein interactions. The signal sequence and 9-residue N-terminal sequence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) lipoprotein (Lpp) and residues 46–159 of outer membrane protein A (OmpA) (LppOmpA) were conjugated with the target proteins bearing split intein and β-lactamase to display them on live E. coli cell surfaces. PTS on live E. coli surfaces provided enhanced resistance to carbenicillin.
State Silence as Acceptance: A Presumption and an Exception
Authors: Azaria Danae 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study considers State silence which may entail acquiescence and can thus contribute inter alia to the formation of historic rights, the identification of customary international law, and the interpretation of treaties over time. Relying on the historical understanding of acquiescence in British and francophone literature, it argues that there are probability and normative justifications for establishing acquiescence as a ‘presumption of acceptance’ in international law, and that these considerations have influenced the modern international law understanding of acquiescence as an exceptional occurrence subject to stringent qualifications.
tRF-29-79 regulates lung adenocarcinoma progression through mediating glutamine transporter SLC1A5
Authors: Shi Yuanjian , Pan Zehao , Feng Yipeng , Zhou Qinyao , Wang Qinglin , Wang Hui , Dong Gaochao , Xia Wenjie , Jiang Feng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In recent decades, considerable evidence has emerged indicating the involvement of tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) in cancer progression through various mechanisms. However, the biological effects and mechanisms of tRFs in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain unclear. In this study, we screen out tRF-29-79, a 5ʹ-tRF derived from tRNAGlyGCC, through profiling the tRF expressions in three pairs of LUAD tissues. We show that tRF-29-79 is downregulated in LUAD and downregulation of tRF-29-79 is associated with poorer prognosis. In vivo and in vitro assay reveal that tRF-29-79 inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of LUAD cells. Mechanistically, we discovered that tRF-29-79 interacts with the RNA-binding protein PTBP1 and facilitates the transportation of PTBP1 from nucleus to cytoplasm, which regulates alternative splicing in the 3ʹ untranslated region (UTR) of SLC1A5 pre-mRNA. Given that SLC1A5 is a core transporter of glutamine, we proved that tRF-29-79 mediate glutamine metabolism of LUAD through affecting the stability of SLC1A5 mRNA, thus exerts its anticancer function. In summary, our findings uncover the novel mechanism that tRF-29-79 participates in glutamine metabolism through interacting with PTBP1 and regulating alternative splicing in the 3ʹ UTR of SLC1A5 pre-mRNA.
LMO3 is a suppressor of the basal-like/squamous subtype and reduces disease aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer through glycerol 3-phosphate metabolism
Authors: Ohara Yuuki , Craig Amanda J , Liu Huaitian , Yang Shouhui , Moreno Paloma , Dorsey Tiffany H , Cawley Helen , Azizian Azadeh , Gaedcke Jochen , Ghadimi Michael , Hanna Nader , Ambs Stefan , Hussain S Perwez 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) encompasses diverse molecular subtypes, including the classical/progenitor and basal-like/squamous subtypes, each exhibiting distinct characteristics, with the latter known for its aggressiveness. We employed an integrative approach combining transcriptome and metabolome analyses to pinpoint potential genes contributing to the basal-like/squamous subtype differentiation. Applying this approach to our NCI-UMD-German and a validation cohort, we identified LIM Domain Only 3 (LMO3), a transcription co-factor, as a candidate suppressor of the basal-like/squamous subtype. Reduced LMO3 expression was significantly associated with higher pathological grade, advanced disease stage, induction of the basal-like/squamous subtype and decreased survival among PDAC patients. In vitro experiments demonstrated that LMO3 transgene expression inhibited PDAC cell proliferation and migration/invasion, concurrently downregulating the basal-like/squamous gene signature. Metabolome analysis of patient tumors and PDAC cells revealed a metabolic program linked to elevated LMO3 and the classical/progenitor subtype, characterized by enhanced lipogenesis and suppressed amino acid metabolism. Notably, glycerol 3-phosphate (G3P) levels positively correlated with LMO3 expression and associated with improved patient survival. Furthermore, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1), a crucial enzyme in G3P synthesis, showed upregulation in LMO3-high and classical/progenitor PDAC, suggesting its potential role in mitigating disease aggressiveness. Collectively, our findings suggest that heightened LMO3 expression reduces transcriptome and metabolome characteristics indicative of basal-like/squamous tumors with decreased disease aggressiveness in PDAC patients. The observations describe LMO3 as a candidate for diagnostic and therapeutic targeting in PDAC.
Surgical stress induced tumor immune suppressive environment
Authors: Yang Fan , Hua Qing , Zhu Xiaoyan , Xu Pingbo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Despite significant advances in cancer treatment over the decades, surgical resection remains a prominent management approach for solid neoplasms. Unfortunately, accumulating evidence suggests that surgical stress caused by tumor resection may potentially trigger postoperative metastatic niche formation. Surgical stress not only activates the sympathetic-adrenomedullary axis and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis but also induces hypoxia and hypercoagulable state. These adverse factors can negatively impact the immune system by downregulating immune effector cells and upregulating immune suppressor cells, which contribute to the colonization and progression of postoperative tumor metastatic niche. This review summarizes the effects of surgical stress on four types of immune effector cells (neutrophils, macrophages, natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes) and two types of immunosuppressive cells (regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells), and discusses the immune mechanisms of postoperative tumor relapse and progression. Additionally, relevant therapeutic strategies to minimize the pro-tumorigenic effects of surgical stress are elucidated.
“We are no longer using the term BAME:” a qualitative analysis exploring how activists position and mobilize naming of minority ethnic groups in Britain
Authors: Gill Sim 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn early 2021, the term BAME (Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic) was commonly used by the government, public bodies, and the mass media to describe minority ethnic groups in Britain. However, this usage faced fierce criticism, particularly due to complex tensions surrounding racial and ethnic identity, solidarity, and history. This article critically evaluates these tensions and the meaning behind BAME through 10 interviews with activists working in the field of British race relations. My principle focus amid this debate revisits the foundations of the term BAME, which, I argue, is rooted in the rise and fall of Political Blackness. Additionally, I examine the broader strategic purposes of BAME as well as emphasize the importance of colorism within our discussions of racialization in Britain. Ultimately, this discussion seeks a richer account of our current climate around ethnic identification that considers both the potential and the limits of the term BAME.
Clinical and histological features of histiocytoid Sweet syndrome associated with VEXAS syndrome
Authors: Lecoeuvre Hortense , Le Gall François , Le Naoures Cécile , Vignon-Pennamen Marie-Dominique , Lamaison Claire , Kammerer-Jacquet Solène-Florence , Lescoat Alain , Oger Emmanuel , Pastoret Cédric , Dupuy Alain 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
VEXAS (Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome is caused by acquired somatic mutations in UBA1. Sweet-syndrome-like skin disorders [and especially histiocytoid Sweet syndrome (HSS)] may be associated with VEXAS syndrome.

Objectives
To characterize the clinical and histopathological features of HSS in patients with VEXAS syndrome.

Methods
Skin biopsies with a histological diagnosis of HSS at Rennes University Medical Center (Rennes, France) between October 2011 and January 2022 were reviewed in this study. Sanger sequencing and digital polymerase chain reaction were used to screen skin, blood and bone marrow samples for UBA1 variants, and thus classify patients as having VEXAS syndrome or not. We evaluated the clinical, histological and molecular (UBA1) characteristics of patients with or without VEXAS syndrome.

Results
We compared 15 skin biopsies from 7 patients found to have VEXAS syndrome and 19 skin biopsies from 15 patients without VEXAS syndrome. Persistent C-reactive protein elevation, macrocytosis, anaemia and haematological malignancies were more prevalent in patients with VEXAS syndrome [6/7 (86%), 6/7 (86%), 7/7 (100%) and 6/7 (86%), respectively] than in patients without [5/14 (36%), 6/15 (40%), 8/15 (53%) and 8/15 (53%), respectively]. These features sometimes appeared after the first skin manifestations, and a UBA1 mutation was found in the skin of five patients with VEXAS syndrome. Dermal infiltration by reniform histiocytoid cells (myeloperoxidase-positive and/or CD163-positive) and a periadnexal distribution were more frequently observed in VEXAS syndrome biopsies [15/15 (100%) and 3/15 (20%), respectively, vs. 11/19 (58%) and 0/19 (0%) in non-VEXAS syndrome biopsies, respectively].

Conclusions
Our findings might help pathologists to consider a diagnosis of VEXAS syndrome and to initiate early genetic testing.
Human papillomavirus detection rates in Bowen disease: correlation with pelvic and digital region involvement and specific p53 immunostaining patterns
Authors: Kim Young Chan , Woo Been , Kim Han-Na , Kim Ko Eun , Jeon Jiehyun , Kim Chungyeul , Baek Yoo Sang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) and Bowen disease (BD) is not fully understood.

Objectives
To investigate the differences in HPV detection rates in BD samples across various body regions and analyse the expression patterns of p53, p16 and Ki-67 in relation to HPV presence.

Methods
Tissue samples from patients diagnosed with BD, confirmed through histopathology, were retrospectively collected. Next-generation sequencing was used for HPV DNA detection. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for p16, p53 and Ki-67 was performed.

Results
Out of 109 patients with BD, 21 (19.3%) were HPV-positive. All identified types were α-HPVs, with HPV-16 being the most common. The HPV detection rate was significantly higher in the pelvic (9/13, 69%, P &lt; 0.001) and digital (5/10, 50%, P = 0.02) areas compared with those in the other regions. HPV presence was significantly correlated with p53 negativity (P = 0.002), the p53 ‘non-overexpression’ IHC pattern (P &lt; 0.001) and p16–p53 immunostain pattern discordance (P &lt; 0.001). Conversely, there was no notable association between HPV presence and p16 positivity, the p16 IHC pattern or Ki-67 expression.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest the oncogenic role of sexually transmitted and genito-digitally transmitted α-HPVs in the pathogenesis of BD in pelvic and digital regions.

Graphical Abstract
Early language dissociation in bilingual minds: magnetoencephalography evidence through a machine learning approach
Authors: Molinaro Nicola , Nara Sanjeev , Carreiras Manuel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Does neural activity reveal how balanced bilinguals choose languages? Despite using diverse neuroimaging techniques, prior studies haven’t provided a definitive solution to this problem. Nonetheless, studies involving direct brain stimulation in bilinguals have identified distinct brain regions associated with language production in different languages. In this magnetoencephalography study with 45 proficient Spanish–Basque bilinguals, we investigated language selection during covert picture naming and word reading tasks. Participants were prompted to name line drawings or read words if the color of the stimulus changed to green, in 10% of trials. The task was performed either in Spanish or Basque. Despite similar sensor-level evoked activity for both languages in both tasks, decoding analyses revealed language-specific classification ~100 ms post-stimulus onset. During picture naming, right occipital-temporal sensors predominantly contributed to language decoding, while left occipital-temporal sensors were crucial for decoding during word reading. Cross-task decoding analysis unveiled robust generalization effects from picture naming to word reading. Our methodology involved a fine-grained examination of neural responses using magnetoencephalography, offering insights into the dynamics of language processing in bilinguals. This study refines our understanding of the neural underpinnings of language selection and bridges the gap between non-invasive and invasive experimental evidence in bilingual language production.
Low-temperature catalytic oxidation of glycerol into glyceric acid over Zr@MCM-41-supported Pt catalyst
Authors: Ke Yihu , Xu Huanhuan , Qin Hongyu , Wang Xue , Liu Hai , Yuan Hong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A series of mesoporous Zr@MCM-41 zeolites with different Si/Zr molar ratios were prepared using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a template. Pt nanoparticles were then successfully loaded onto the Zr@MCM-41 using a colloid-deposition method. These catalysts were evaluated for the catalytic oxidation of glycerol into glyceric acid at low temperature. The results showed that the molar ratios of the Si/Zr affected the oxidization of the primary OH group, in turn affecting the catalytic activity and selectivity. The Pt/Zr@MCM-41-100 catalyst showed the best catalytic activity, with the conversion of glycerol and selectivity for glyceric acid reaching 50.7% and 65.0%, respectively. The characterization result confirmed that the catalytic activity of Pt/Zr@MCM-41-100 was related to the support structure, the dispersion of the Pt nanoparticles, and the interaction between the Pt nanoparticles and the support. Meanwhile, we investigated the stability of the Pt/Zr@MCM-41-100 catalyst and analyzed the deactivation reasons using characterization.
Control of composition and surface area of aluminosilicates by tuning base catalyst concentration
Authors: Hernandez Gaitan Jose A , Sasaki Koki , Miyake Koji , Uchida Yoshiaki , Nishiyama Norikazu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Amorphous aluminosilicate nanosheets (a-ASns) consisting of small homogeneous nanoplates were synthesized in a bottom-up approach using the “hydrophilic two-dimensional reactor in amphiphilic phases” (TRAP) method. We found the appropriate operation variable to control the composition of a-ASns: the concentration of base catalysts.
Persistent Gram-negative Bloodstream Infection Increases the Risk of Recurrent Bloodstream Infection With the Same Species
Authors: Ankrah Paa Kwesi , Bock Andrew , Ruffin Felicia , Hanson Blake M , Arias Cesar A , Maskarinec Stacey A , Parsons Joshua , Fowler Vance G , Thaden Joshua T 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The association between persistent gram-negative bloodstream infection (GN-BSI), or ongoing positive cultures, and recurrent GN-BSI has not been investigated. Among 992 adults, persistent GN-BSI was associated with increased recurrent GN-BSI with the same bacterial species and strain (6% vs 2%; P = .04). Persistent GN-BSI may be a marker of complicated infection.
Seasonality, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease by Subtype Among Children Aged &lt;5 Years: New Vaccine Surveillance Network, United States, 2016–2020
Authors: Toepfer Ariana P , Amarin Justin Z , Spieker Andrew J , Stewart Laura S , Staat Mary Allen , Schlaudecker Elizabeth P , Weinberg Geoffrey A , Szilagyi Peter G , Englund Janet A , Klein Eileen J , Michaels Marian G , Williams John V , Selvarangan Rangaraj , Harrison Christopher J , Lively Joana Y , Piedra Pedro A , Avadhanula Vasanthi , Rha Brian , Chappell James , McMorrow Meredith , Moline Heidi , Halasa Natasha B 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory illnesses in children. RSV can be broadly categorized into 2 major subtypes: A and B. RSV subtypes have been known to cocirculate with variability in different regions of the world. Clinical associations with viral subtype have been studied among children with conflicting findings such that no conclusive relationships between RSV subtype and severity have been established.

Methods
During 2016–2020, children aged &lt;5 years were enrolled in prospective surveillance in the emergency department or inpatient settings at 7 US pediatric medical centers. Surveillance data collection included parent/guardian interviews, chart reviews, and collection of midturbinate nasal plus/minus throat swabs for RSV (RSV-A, RSV-B, and untyped) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Results
Among 6398 RSV-positive children aged &lt;5 years, 3424 (54%) had subtype RSV-A infections, 2602 (41%) had subtype RSV-B infections, and 272 (5%) were not typed, inconclusive, or mixed infections. In both adjusted and unadjusted analyses, RSV-A–positive children were more likely to be hospitalized, as well as when restricted to &lt;1 year. By season, RSV-A and RSV-B cocirculated in varying levels, with 1 subtype dominating proportionally.

Conclusions
Findings indicate that RSV-A and RSV-B may only be marginally clinically distinguishable, but both subtypes are associated with medically attended illness in children aged &lt;5 years. Furthermore, circulation of RSV subtypes varies substantially each year, seasonally and geographically. With introduction of new RSV prevention products, this highlights the importance of continued monitoring of RSV-A and RSV-B subtypes.