bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Strategy for Treatment of Malignant Tumor: Intra-Bone Marrow–Bone Marrow Transplantation Plus CD4− Donor Lymphocyte Infusion
Authors: Suzuki Yasuhiro , Adachi Yasushi , Minamino Keizo , Zhang Yuming , Iwasaki Masayoshi , Nakano Keiji , Koike Yasushi , Ikehara Susumu 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is clinically used for the treatment of malignant tumors. We have found recently that intra-bone marrow–bone marrow transplantation (IBM-BMT) can be used to treat various autoimmune diseases, even when radiation doses are reduced. In addition, recently we have found that IBM-BMT can prevent not only graft failure but also graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Based on these findings, we attempted to prevent and treat the progression of a tumor (Meth-A cell line: BALB/c-derived fibrosarcoma) by DLI plus IBM-BMT. When the tumors had grown to approximately 10 × 10 mm, the tumor-bearing BALB/c (H-2d) mice were irradiated with 5 Gy, and whole spleen cells from C57BL/6J (B6) (H-2b) mice (as DLI) were then intravenously injected into the BALB/c mice. Simultaneously, bone marrow cells (BMCs) from B6 mice were injected directly into the bone marrow cavity of the BALB/c mice (IBM-BMT). The tumors decreased in size, but the mice died of GvHD. However, when CD4+ T-cell–depleted spleen cells were used for DLI, the recipients showed only mild GvHD and survived longer, due to the slow growth of the tumor. In contrast, when CD8+ T-cell–depleted spleen cells were used for DLI, the recipients showed more severe GvHD than those injected with whole spleen cells. These results suggest that IBM-BMT plus DLI (the depletion or reduction of a certain cell population like CD4+ T cells) could be helpful to suppress both GvHD and tumor growth.
Reaction‐limited aggregation in presence of short‐range structural forces
Authors: Runkana Venkataramana , Somasundaran P. , Kapur P. C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA geometrically discretized sectional population balance model for reaction‐limited aggregation of colloidal suspensions is presented. The two important model parameters are collision frequency factor and collision efficiency factor. The collision frequency factor is derived from physically realistic arguments proposed for collision of fractal aggregates. The collision efficiency factor is computed as a function of total interaction energy between particles, including short‐range structural repulsion forces. The irregular and open structure of aggregates is taken into account by incorporating their mass fractal dimension. The characteristic time constant of reaction‐limited aggregation, derived from dynamic scaling of mean aggregate size‐aggregation time data, is found to correlate with electrolyte concentration. The population balance model is tested with published experimental data for aggregation of γ‐alumina suspensions in the presence of different electrolytes. It is shown that the slow kinetics of aggregation under certain conditions of pH and electrolyte concentration require inclusion of short‐range structural repulsion forces along with van der Waals attraction and electrical double layer repulsion forces in an extended DLVO theory. The model predictions are in good agreement with experimental data for time evolution of mean aggregate diameter in the reaction‐limited aggregation regime. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
New description of fluidization regimes
Authors: Andreux R. , Gauthier T. , Chaouki J. , Simonin O. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTwo pressure probes and an intrusive bioptical probe provide experimental data in the bubbling and turbulent regimes to improve our understanding of the transition from the bubbling regime to the fast fluidization regime. Assessment of pressure, voidage, and bubbling properties allows for a new description of turbulent fluidization hydrodynamics. Appreciable changes in the hydrodynamics appear well below the transition criterion Uc, determined based on pressure fluctuations: bubbles are fast bubbles below Uc, in bubble–emulsion equilibrium state at Uc, and then become slow bubbles for higher fluidizing velocity; the maximum of the total fluidizing gas fraction in the bubble phase is reached below Uc and never exceeds 75–80%. The fluidizing velocity at which major modifications in hydrodynamics are observed is lower than Uc. This critical velocity is detected with pressure drop assessment or frequency analysis of voidage fluctuations. Moreover, it can be theoretically calculated from the two‐phase modeling correlations supplemented with a new criterion deduced from our experiments. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Three‐coordinate divalent Group 14 element derivatives and related compounds
Authors: Saur Isabelle , Garcia Alonso Sonia , Barrau Jacques 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis review describes recent work on the synthesis, spectroscopic analysis, structures and investigation of chemical behaviours of new subvalent germanium and tin compounds supported by the β‐diketiminato ligand L2 (L2 = NPhC(Me)CHC(Me)NPh), namely the divalent species L2(X)M, the germane and stannane chalcogenones L2(X)MY, the heavier Group 14 element transition‐metal complexes L2(X)MM′(CO)n and the cationic germanium–transition‐metal complexes [L2Ge+M′(CO)n]. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finite‐element analysis of biting behavior and bone stress in the facial skeletons of bats
Authors: Dumont Elizabeth R. , Piccirillo Justin , Grosse Ian R. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe wide range of dietary niches filled by modern mammals is reflected in morphological diversity of the feeding apparatus. Despite volumes of data on the biomechanics of feeding, the extent to which the shape of mammal skulls reflects stresses generated by feeding is still unknown. In addition to the feeding apparatus, the skull accommodates the structural needs of the sensory systems and brain. We turned to bats as a model system for separating optimization for masticatory loads from optimization for other functions. Because the energetic cost of flight increases with body mass, it is reasonable to suggest that bats have experienced selective pressure over evolutionary time to minimize mass. Therefore, the skulls of bats are likely to be optimized to meet functional demands. We investigate the hypothesis that there is a biomechanical link between biting style and craniofacial morphology by combining biting behavior and bite force data gathered in the field with finite‐element (FE) analysis. Our FE experiments compared patterns of stress in the craniofacial skeletons within and between two species of bats (Artibeus jamaicensis and Cynopterus brachyotis) under routine and atypical loading conditions. For both species, routine loading produced low stresses in most of the skull. However, the skull of Artibeus was most resistant to loads applied via its typical biting style, suggesting a mechanical link between routine loading and skull form. The same was not true of Cynopterus, where factors other than feeding appear to have had a more significant impact on craniofacial morphology. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modeling masticatory muscle force in finite element analysis: Sensitivity analysis using principal coordinates analysis
Authors: Ross Callum F. , Patel Biren A. , Slice Dennis E. , Strait David S. , Dechow Paul C. , Richmond Brian G. , Spencer Mark A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractOur work on a finite element model of the skull of Macaca aims to investigate the functional significance of specific features of primate skulls and to determine to which of the input variables (elastic properties, muscle forces) the model behavior is most sensitive. Estimates of muscle forces acting on the model are derived from estimates of physiological cross‐sectional areas (PCSAs) of the jaw muscles scaled by relative electromyographic (EMG) amplitudes recorded in vivo. In this study, the behavior of the model was measured under different assumptions regarding the PCSAs of the jaw muscles and the latency between EMG activity in those muscles and the resulting force production. Thirty‐six different loading regimes were applied to the model using four different PCSA sets and nine different PCSA scaling parameters. The four PCSA sets were derived from three different macaque species and one genus average, and the scaling parameters were either EMGs from 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 msec prior to peak bite force, or simply 100%, 50%, or 25% of peak muscle force. Principal coordinates analysis was used to compare the deformations of the model produced by the 36 loading regimes. Strain data from selected sites on the model were also compared with in vivo bone strain data. The results revealed that when varying the external muscle forces within these boundaries, the majority of the variation in model behavior is attributable to variation in the overall magnitude rather than the relative amount of muscle force generated by each muscle. Once this magnitude‐related variation in model deformation was accounted for, significant variation was attributable to differences in relative muscle recruitment between working and balancing sides. Strain orientations at selected sites showed little variation across loading experiments compared with variation documented in vivo. These data suggest that in order to create an accurate and valid finite element model of the behavior of the primate skull at a particular instant during feeding, it is important to include estimates of the relative recruitment levels of the masticatory muscles. However, a lot can be learned about patterns of skull deformation, in fossil species for example, by applying external forces proportional to the estimated relative PCSAs of the jaw adductors. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modeling elastic properties in finite‐element analysis: How much precision is needed to produce an accurate model?
Authors: Strait David S. , Wang Qian , Dechow Paul C. , Ross Callum F. , Richmond Brian G. , Spencer Mark A. , Patel Biren A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe influence of elastic properties on finite‐element analysis was investigated using a finite‐element model of a Macaca fascicularis skull. Four finite‐element analyses were performed in which the model was assigned different sets of elastic properties. In analysis 1, elastic properties were modeled isotropically using published data obtained from human limb bones. Analyses 2–4 used data obtained from skulls of a closely allied species, M. mulatta, but varied as to how those data were incorporated into the model. In analysis 2, the model was assigned a single set of isotropic elastic properties. In analysis 3, each region within the model was assigned its own set of isotropic elastic properties. Finally, in analysis 4, each region received its own set of orthotropic elastic properties. Although a qualitative assessment indicates that the locations of strain concentrations across the model are broadly similar in all analyses, a quantitative assessment of strain indicates some differences between the analyses. When strain data from the finite‐element analyses were compared to strain data derived from in vivo experiments, it was found that the model deformed most realistically using the orthotropic elastic properties employed in analysis 4. Results suggest that finite‐element analyses can be adversely affected when elastic properties are modeled imprecisely, and that modelers should attempt to obtain elastic properties data about the species and skeletal elements that are the subjects of their analyses. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chondroitins 4 and 6 sulfate in osteoarthritis of the knee: A randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Michel Beat A. , Stucki Gerold , Frey Diana , De Vathaire Florent , Vignon Eric , Bruehlmann Pius , Uebelhart Daniel 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether chondroitin sulfate (CS) is effective in inhibiting cartilage loss in knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsIn this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, 300 patients with knee OA were recruited from an outpatient clinic, from private practices, and through advertisements. Study patients were randomly assigned to receive either 800 mg CS or placebo once daily for 2 years. The primary outcome was joint space loss over 2 years as assessed by a posteroanterior radiograph of the knee in flexion; secondary outcomes included pain and function.ResultsOf 341 patients screened, 300 entered the study and were included in the intent‐to‐treat analysis. The 150 patients receiving placebo had progressive joint space narrowing, with a mean ± SD joint space loss of 0.14 ± 0.61 mm after 2 years (P = 0.001 compared with baseline). In contrast, there was no change in mean joint space width for the 150 patients receiving CS (0.00 ± 0.53 mm; P not significant compared with baseline). Similar results were found for minimum joint space narrowing. The differences in loss of joint space between the two groups were significant for mean joint space width (0.14 ± 0.57 mm; P = 0.04) and for minimum joint space width (0.12 ± 0.52 mm; P = 0.05). CS was well tolerated, with no significant differences in rates of adverse events between the two groups.ConclusionWhile there was no significant symptomatic effect in this study, long‐term treatment with CS may retard radiographic progression in patients with OA of the knee. However, the clinical relevance of the observed structural results has to be further evaluated, and further studies are needed to confirm the structural effects of CS.
Cardiovascular death in rheumatoid arthritis: A population‐based study
Authors: Maradit‐Kremers Hilal , Nicola Paulo J. , Crowson Cynthia S. , Ballman Karla V. , Gabriel Sherine E. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether systemic inflammation confers any additional risk for cardiovascular death among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities.MethodsUsing the population‐based data resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, we assembled an incidence cohort of all Rochester, Minnesota residents ages ≥18 years who first fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology 1987 criteria for RA between January 1, 1955 and January 1, 1995. All subjects were followed up longitudinally through their complete (inpatient, outpatient) medical records, beginning at age 18 years and continuing until death, migration, or January 1, 2001. Detailed information on the occurrence of various cardiovascular risk factors (personal history of coronary heart disease [CHD], congestive heart failure, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, body mass index [BMI], diabetes mellitus, menopausal status) as well as indicators of systemic inflammation and RA disease severity (rheumatoid factor [RF] seropositivity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], joint swelling, radiographic changes, RA nodules, RA complications, RA treatments, disease duration) and comorbidities were collected on all subjects. Causes of death were ascertained from death certificates and medical records. Cox regression models were used to estimate the independent predictors of cardiovascular death.ResultsThis inception cohort comprised a total of 603 RA patients whose mean age was 58 years, of whom 73% were women. During a mean followup of 15 years, 354 patients died and cardiovascular disease was the primary cause of death in 176 patients. Personal history of CHD, smoking, hypertension, low BMI, and diabetes mellitus, as well as comorbidities, including peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, dementia, ulcers, malignancies, renal disease, liver disease, and history of alcoholism, were all significant risk factors for cardiovascular death (P < 0.01 for each). Multivariable Cox regression analyses, controlled for cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities, revealed that the risk of cardiovascular death was significantly higher among RA patients with at least 3 ESR values of ≥60 mm/hour (hazard ratio [HR] 2.03, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.45–2.83), RA vasculitis (HR 2.41, 95% CI 1.00–5.81), and RA lung disease (HR 2.32, 95% CI 1.11–4.84).ConclusionThese results indicate that markers of systemic inflammation confer a statistically significant additional risk for cardiovascular death among patients with RA, even after controlling for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities.
Evaluation of the pituitary–adrenal axis function following single intraarticular injection of methylprednisolone
Authors: Mader Reuven , Lavi Idit , Luboshitzky Rafael 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effects of a single session of intraarticular methylprednisolone (IA‐MP) injections on the function of the pituitary–adrenal axis.MethodsTwenty‐five patients with rheumatic diseases were treated with a single IA‐MP injection. The dose varied between 20 and 160 mg. The basal cortisol level and the response to 1 μg adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation were determined before treatment, at 1 day, and at 1 week after IA‐MP injections. Further tests were carried out for up to 6 weeks in patients with blunted cortisol response. Results were compared with those obtained in a group of 22 healthy subjects.ResultsBefore treatment, all patients had normal basal and peak cortisol responses to ACTH (>396 nmoles/liter at 30 minutes). Reduced fasting cortisol levels (<147 nmoles/liter) were detected in 12 of 25 patients (48%) after 1 day, in 1 of 25 patients (4%) after 1 week, and in 1 of 25 patients (4%) 2 weeks after IA‐MP injections. Blunted peak cortisol response (<396 nmoles/liter at 30 minutes) was observed in 1 of 25 patients (4%) after 1 day, in 3 of 25 patients (12%) after 1 week, and in 1 of 25 patients (4%) 2 weeks after IA‐MP injections. Decreased fasting levels and peak cortisol responses to ACTH stimulation were more common in patients with inflammatory diseases and in those injected with 80–160 mg MP.ConclusionSingle‐session IA‐MP injection(s) are associated with systemic absorption of MP, causing impaired adrenocortical reserve. Recovery is expected in most patients after 1–2 weeks. Only a few patients exhibited suppression for up to 2 weeks. The magnitude of this suppression depends on the dose injected, and is more common in patients with inflammatory joint diseases. Caution is required if repeated large doses of IA‐MP are considered in these patients.
CYP7B expression and activity in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Regulation by proinflammatory cytokines
Authors: Dulos John , van der Vleuten Monique A. J. , Kavelaars Annemieke , Heijnen Cobi J. , Boots Annemieke M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjectiveThe cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP7B catalyzes the conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) into 7α‐hydroxy‐DHEA (7α‐OH‐DHEA). This metabolite can stimulate the immune response. We previously reported that the severity of murine collagen‐induced arthritis is correlated with CYP7B messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and activity in the arthritic joint. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of 7α‐OH‐DHEA in synovial samples and the cytokine regulation of CYP7B activity in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsThe presence of 7α‐OH‐DHEA was examined in synovial biopsy tissues, synovial fluid, and serum by radioimmunoassay. The effect of cytokines on CYP7B mRNA expression and CYP7B activity in FLS was examined by determining the formation of the CYP7B enzyme product 7α‐OH‐DHEA with the use of high‐performance liquid chromatography.ResultsThe CYP7B enzyme product 7α‐OH‐DHEA was found in synovial biopsy tissues, synovial fluid, and serum from RA patients. The proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α), IL‐1β, and IL‐17 up‐regulated CYP7B activity in an FLS cell line 2–10‐fold. Enhanced CYP7B activity was correlated with an increase in CYP7B mRNA. The cytokine transforming growth factor β inhibited CYP7B activity. Moreover, CYP7B activity was detected in 10 of 13 unstimulated synovial fibroblast cell lines. Stimulation with TNFα increased CYP7B activity in all cell lines tested.ConclusionExposure to the proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL‐1α, IL‐1β, and IL‐17 increases CYP7B activity in synovial tissue. Increased CYP7B activity leads to higher levels of the DHEA metabolite 7α‐OH‐DHEA in synovial fluid, which may contribute to the maintenance of the chronic inflammation observed in RA patients.
Calculation of the Redox Potential of the Protein Azurin and Some Mutants
Authors: van den Bosch Marieke , Swart Marcel , Snijders† Jaap G. , Berendsen Herman J. C. , Mark Alan E. , Oostenbrink Chris , van Gunsteren Wilfred F. , Canters Gerard W. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAzurin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a small 128‐residue, copper‐containing protein. Its redox potential can be modified by mutating the protein. Free‐energy calculations based on classical molecular‐dynamics simulations of the protein and from mutants in aqueous solution at different pH values were used to compute relative redox potentials. The precision of the free‐energy calculations with the λ coupling‐parameter approach is evaluated as function of the number and sequence of λ values, the sampling time and initial conditions. It is found that the precision is critically dependent on the relaxation of hydrogen‐bonding networks when changing the atomic‐charge distribution due to a change of redox state or pH value. The errors in the free energies range from 1 to 10 kBT, depending on the type of process. Only qualitative estimates of the change in redox potential by protein mutation can be obtained.
Towards a semantic lexicon for biological language processing
Authors: Verspoor Karin 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis paper explores the use of the resources in the National Library of Medicine's Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) for the construction of a lexicon useful for processing texts in the field of molecular biology. A lexicon is constructed from overlapping terms in the UMLS SPECIALIST lexicon and the UMLS Metathesaurus to obtain both morphosyntactic and semantic information for terms, and the coverage of a domain corpus is assessed. Over 77% of tokens in the domain corpus are found in the constructed lexicon, validating the lexicon's coverage of the most frequent terms in the domain and indicating that the constructed lexicon is potentially an important resource for biological text processing. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.