bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved accuracy and efficiency of primary care fall risk screening of older adults using a machine learning approach
Authors: Song Wenyu , Latham Nancy K. , Liu Luwei , Rice Hannah E. , Sainlaire Michael , Min Lillian , Zhang Linying , Thai Tien , Kang Min‐Jeoung , Li Siyun , Tejeda Christian , Lipsitz Stuart , Samal Lipika , Carroll Diane L. , Adkison Lesley , Herlihy Lisa , Ryan Virginia , Bates David W. , Dykes Patricia C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile many falls are preventable, they remain a leading cause of injury and death in older adults. Primary care clinics largely rely on screening questionnaires to identify people at risk of falls. Limitations of standard fall risk screening questionnaires include suboptimal accuracy, missing data, and non‐standard formats, which hinder early identification of risk and prevention of fall injury. We used machine learning methods to develop and evaluate electronic health record (EHR)‐based tools to identify older adults at risk of fall‐related injuries in a primary care population and compared this approach to standard fall screening questionnaires.MethodsUsing patient‐level clinical data from an integrated healthcare system consisting of 16‐member institutions, we conducted a case–control study to develop and evaluate prediction models for fall‐related injuries in older adults. Questionnaire‐derived prediction with three questions from a commonly used fall risk screening tool was evaluated. We then developed four temporal machine learning models using routinely available longitudinal EHR data to predict the future risk of fall injury. We also developed a fall injury‐prevention clinical decision support (CDS) implementation prototype to link preventative interventions to patient‐specific fall injury risk factors.ResultsQuestionnaire‐based risk screening achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) up to 0.59 with 23% to 33% similarity for each pair of three fall injury screening questions. EHR‐based machine learning risk screening showed significantly improved performance (best AUROC = 0.76), with similar prediction performance between 6‐month and one‐year prediction models.ConclusionsThe current method of questionnaire‐based fall risk screening of older adults is suboptimal with redundant items, inadequate precision, and no linkage to prevention. A machine learning fall injury prediction method can accurately predict risk with superior sensitivity while freeing up clinical time for initiating personalized fall prevention interventions. The developed algorithm and data science pipeline can impact routine primary care fall prevention practice.
The role of social relations in supply chain decision‐making: Evidence from China
Authors: Lei Liu , Wei Xu , Yongjian Shen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study examines the extent to which firms in emerging markets build supply chains around social relationships. Most existing studies contend that companies decide who to buy (sell) products from (to) based on cost–benefit trade considerations of product quality, price, and other factors. We argue that companies make supply chain decisions around social relations to reduce possible risks. We empirically test this conjecture by using data from Chinese municipal party secretaries who served in different places from 2006 to 2017, and the primary customers of listed companies. The results show that after an official move from one jurisdiction to work in another, the firms in the latter jurisdiction will see an increase in customers from where the official previously served. Further investigation reveals that companies that are economically strong, face fierce competition, are state‐owned, and are located in areas with low degrees of marketization are more likely to attract customers from the area where the official last served after the new municipal party secretary takes office. Making supply chain decisions based on the social relationships of the secretaries of the municipal party committees does not improve companies' profitability, but doing so will increase the turnover rate of accounts receivable and accounts received in advance.
Development of Older Adults’ Perceptions on Community‐based Connectedness with People Scale: Reliability and validity evaluation
Authors: Kikuchi Mami , Ikeda Atsuko , Hirano Michiyo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimWe developed a self‐assessment scale—Older Adults' Perceptions of Community‐based Connectedness with People—to assess older adults' comprehensive perceptions of their connectedness with others in the community. A specific aim of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of this scale.MethodsParticipants consisted of 1000 men and women aged 65 years or older, living in Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. Factorial validity was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, while concurrent validity was assessed using correlation analysis. Reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's α coefficient using the internal consistency method, and the stability coefficient was confirmed using the test–retest method.ResultsResponses were received from 380 participants, and 358 participants who responded to all items were included in the analysis. The developed scale comprised 22 items with three factors: “Perception of Inclusion” (α = .947), “Perception of Reciprocity through Reception” (α = .937), and “Perception of Reciprocity through Provision” (α = .910). Correlation analyses indicated that concurrent scales were positively correlated with Ikigai and negatively correlated with loneliness on the total scale. The model fit was comparative fit index = 0.933, goodness‐of‐fit index = 0.854, adjusted goodness‐of‐fit index = 0.818, and root mean square of approximation = 0.081. The stability coefficient of the total scale scores was 0.875 (95% CI: [0.830, 0.908]).ConclusionsThe developed scale had adequate reliability and validity. The perceptions of connectedness measured using this scale can be used by public health and nursing care professionals to prevent loneliness and isolation among older adults living in the community.
The anatomy and feeding mechanism of the Japanese giant salamander (Andrias japonicus)
Authors: Matsumoto Ryoko , Fujiwara Shin‐ichi , Evans Susan E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe fully aquatic Japanese giant salamander (Andrias japonicus) is a member of the Cryptobranchidae, and is currently distributed in western Japan, with other members of this group restricted to China and North America. Their feeding behaviour is characterized by a form of suction feeding that includes asymmetric movements of the jaw and hyobranchial apparatus. Previous studies on the North American species, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis, have suggested that this specialized jaw movement is produced by a flexible quadrate‐articular joint combined with a loosely connected lower jaw symphysis including two small fibrocartilaginous pads. However, little is known about this feeding behaviour in the Asian species, nor have the three‐dimensional asymmetric jaw movements been fully investigated in any member of Cryptobranchidae. In this study, we explore the asymmetric jaw movements in A. japonicus using three methods: (1) dissection of musculoskeletal structures; (2) filming of feeding behaviour to understand in which situations asymmetric feeding is used; (3) analysis of 3D movement of jaws and skull. In the third component, fresh (from frozen) specimens of A. japonicus were manipulated to replicate asymmetric and symmetric jaw movements, with the specimens CT scanned after each step to obtain the 3D morphology of the jaws at different positions. These positions were combined and their Euler angles from resting (closed) jaw position were calculated for asymmetric or symmetric jaw positions. Our filming revealed that asymmetric jaw movements are linked to the position of the prey in relation to the snout, with the jaw closest to the prey opening asymmetrically. Moreover, this action allows the salamander to simultaneously grasp prey in one side of the mouth while ejecting water on the other side, if the first suction attempt fails. The asymmetric jaw movements are performed mainly by rotation of the mandible about its long axis, with very limited lateral jaw movements. During asymmetric and symmetric jaw movements, the posterior ends of the maxilla and quadrate move slightly. The asymmetric jaw movements are permitted by a mobile quadrate‐articular joint formed by wide, round cartilages, and by two small fibrocartilage pads within the jaw symphysis that act as cushions during jaw rotation. Some of these soft tissue structures leave traces on the jaws and skull, allowing feeding mode to be reconstructed in fossil taxa. Understanding cryptobranchid asymmetric jaw movement thus requires a comprehensive assessment of not only the symphysial morphology but also that of other cranial and hyobranchial elements.
Distinguishing multicystic from focal encephalomalacia on delayed MRI in children with term hypoxic ischemic injury
Authors: Alkhulaifat Dana , Venkatakrishna Shyam Sunder B. , Alves César Augusto Pinheiro Ferreira , Lerebo Wondwossen , Tierradentro‐Garcia Luis Octavio , Elsingergy Mohamed , Worede Fikadu , Curic Jelena , Andronikou Savvas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeTo define cystic patterns resulting from term hypoxic ischemic injury (HII) on delayed Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and determine associated HII patterns and lesions that reflect the severity of injury, from a database of African children with cerebral palsy.MethodsRetrospective review of 1175 children with cerebral palsy due to term HII diagnosed on late MRI, identifying those with cystic changes. These were classified as multicystic or (multi‐) focal‐cystic, and were evaluated for associated injuries—thalami, basal ganglia, hippocampi, cerebellum, and presence of ulegyria.ResultsThree hundred and eighty‐eight of 1175 (33%) children had cystic encephalomalacia. Two hundred and seven of 388 (53.3%) had focal‐cystic and 181/388 (46.6%) had multicystic injury. The focal‐cystic group comprised 87.9% (182/207) with thalamic injury, 25.6% (53/207) with basal ganglia injury, and 15% (31/207) with cerebellar involvement. Basal‐ganglia‐thalamus (BGT) pattern was present in 43.9% (91/207) and ulegyria in 69.6% (144/207). In the multicystic group, 88.9% (161/181) had thalamic injury, 30.9% (56/181) had basal ganglia injury, and 21% (38/181) had cerebellar involvement. BGT pattern was observed in 29.8% (54/181) and ulegyria in 28.7%. (52/181). Significant associations (p<.05) were found between multicystic injury and caudate/globus pallidus involvement, and between focal‐cystic pattern of injury and ulegyria.ConclusionsCystic encephalomalacia was seen in almost one‐third of patients with term HII imaged with delayed MRI, with a similar prevalence of focal‐cystic and multicystic injury. Multicystic injury was associated with caudate and globus pallidi involvement, typical of the BGT pattern of HII, whereas the focal‐cystic pattern was associated with ulegyria, typical of watershed injury.
Seeking solitude skills: Do memories of intrinsic goals enhance enjoyment of alone time?
Authors: Bradshaw Emma L. , Ferber Kelly A. , Ryan Richard M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveFurther investigate the application of self‐determination theory (SDT) to experiences of solitude by examining the effects of recalling intrinsic versus non‐intrinsic memories.BackgroundSDT research indicates that recalling memories associated with intrinsic goals (e.g., personal growth, relationships, altruism) enhances present moment wellness by satisfying basic psychological needs.MethodTwo studies were conducted with American adults. Study 1 included 465 participants (age = 49.49 [SD = 19.01], 49.46% female) and Study 2 comprised 490 participants (age = 54.16 [SD = 18.89], 51.84% female). Both studies assessed the impact of recalling intrinsic versus non‐intrinsic memories prior to a five‐minute solitude session.ResultsStudy 1 found intrinsic memories were linked to more basic psychological need satisfaction than non‐intrinsic memories, but both memory types resulted in similar wellness improvements. Contrary to expectations, Study 2 revealed extrinsic memories (e.g., wealth, fame, image) led to the highest basic psychological need satisfaction and least need frustration compared to intrinsic and neutral memories, with all memory conditions showing similar wellness gains.ConclusionsSolitude appears beneficial regardless of memory content. While different memories vary in need satisfying quality, this does not seem to impact the benefits of solitude. These findings suggest further exploration is needed before developing a “solitude skill set” for use during inevitable periods of solitude.
Food preferences of two nudibranch species from the South China Sea revealed by fatty acid trophic markers
Authors: Komisarenko Anatolii , Zhukova Natalia V. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNudibranchs are mostly predators preying on a variety of invertebrates. The dietary preferences of tropical nudibranchs were studied by the method of fatty acid trophic markers (FATM) in order to for better understanding of their trophic ecology. For this, the fatty acid profiles of two nudibranch species from the South China Sea, Doriprismatica atromarginata (Cuvier, 1804) and Jorunna funebris (Kelaart, 1859), were analyzed and trophic markers were identified. The high level of very long chain fatty acids (from C24 to C28), which are characteristic of sponges, in nudibranchs was evidence of their predation on sponges. However, the distribution of these components differed significantly between the species. The acids 24:2Δ5,9, 25:2Δ5,9, 26:2Δ9,19, and especially 26:2Δ5,9 dominated in D. atromarginata, but were not found in J. funebris that was rich in 28:2Δ5,9 and 28:3Δ5,9,19. The significant differences in the profile of these demospongic acids indicate that these nudibranchs consumed different species of sponges. The similarity between the FATMs of J. funebris and its potential prey, the sponge Xestospongia, confirmed their predator–prey relationship. Doriprismatica atromarginata from different sites along the Vietnam coast had different FATM profiles, which showed this nudibranch as having no any strict food specialization and feeding on various Demospongiae species. The abundance of bacterial FATMs in the nudibranchs suggests the importance of bacteria in their diet. Thus, the FATM method has proven to be useful for identifying the feeding specialization and assessing the effect of food availability on the diet of these tropical nudibranch species.
An overview of the new Moroccan regulation on collection and export of meteorites: A geoheritage to promote and preserve
Authors: Chennaoui Aoudjehane Hasnaa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMorocco is known for the high number of meteorites collected in its territory, including finds and falls. This is explained by the large size of the Moroccan Sahara, the guarantee of security in this desert, and the large community of well‐trained Moroccan hunters and nomads who roam through it. Despite this richness, most meteorites collected in Morocco are sold abroad and exported. The exportation of meteorites as well as other geoheritage samples such as fossils and minerals was not completely legal or illegal as there was no dedicated regulation. Since 2000, the APPGM (Association pour la Protection du Patrimoine Géologique du Maroc) a Non‐Governmental Organization (NGO) dedicated to the preservation of the Moroccan geoheritage began working with the Moroccan Geological Survey, on a draft of a specific law dedicated to geoheritage. It was fundamental to benefit from the experience of other countries with a high number of meteorites where exportation is not allowed and that are losing their meteorites to illegal exportation. The author recommended a win‐win regulation that would allow the legal collection and exportation of meteorites under clear rules benefiting both hunters and scientists but also the country. In 2014, Morocco updated its law regarding mines. One article cited geoheritage as including fossils, minerals, and meteorites and mentioned that their collection and exportation would be regulated by decree. In 2019, the Moroccan Geological Survey and APPGM prepared the application decree of this article that has been discussed and approved by the Moroccan government and implemented in February 2020. This situation is unique in the region as well as compared to the other countries with a high potential of meteorites collection. Meteorite researchers and collectors all over the world should be aware of this regulation in Morocco to make their acquisitions legal. They should request a copy of the “End of the work” from local traders, the receipt from the Geological survey, and the certificate of export from customs. It is an important ethical and scientific responsibility of our community.
The implementation of a pectus bar insertion enhanced recovery after surgery pathway: A quality improvement initiative
Authors: Glenski Todd A. , Taylor Christian M. , Weisberg Emily L. , Doyle Nichole M. , Melanson Andrea 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPectus excavatum repair is associated with significant discomfort, and pain is a primary contributor to postoperative hospital length of stay. Recent advances in postoperative pain control include the use of intercostal cryoablation techniques that may now make it possible to discharge patients on the day of surgery. Unnecessary variation in patient care and noncompliance with care bundles may be a factor in extended length of stay. The global aim of this quality improvement initiative was to successfully implement an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway on patients undergoing pectus excavatum repair. The SMART aim was to have a greater than 70% compliance for the perioperative bundle elements within 1 year of the pathway implementation.MethodsMultiple Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act (PDSA) cycles were designed to create and implement an ERAS pathway for patients undergoing a pectus bar insertion procedure. This multidisciplinary pathway was designed, managed, and implemented with key stakeholders from the Departments of Evidence Based Practice, Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Perioperative Nursing. Patient characteristics, outcomes, and compliance with elements of the pathway were measured for analysis for both the baseline and post‐intervention groups with monthly automated reports.ResultsAfter implementation of the ERAS pathway, data on the first 50 patients showed a 90% compliance with the perioperative bundle elements. Mean length of stay was significantly decreased from 33 h (95% CI [28.76, 37.31]) to 18 h (95% CI [14.54, 21.70]). There were zero readmissions within 24 hours for patients who were discharged on the day of surgery.ConclusionEmploying a multidisciplinary approach in both planning and execution that standardized clinician practices and minimized unnecessary variation in patient care, an ERAS pathway for pectus bar insertion has been successfully established at our institution.
The influence of pitcher handedness on pitch‐calling behavior: Insights from fMRI study on baseball umpires
Authors: Chen Yin‐Hua , Huang Shih‐Kuei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis functional magnetic resonance imaging study delves into the impact of experience and pitcher handedness on the pitch‐calling behavior of baseball umpires. Expert and intermediate umpires were asked to make ball/strike calls on videotaped pitches of left‐ and right‐handed pitchers and rate their certainty for the call while undergoing scanning. Behavioral results replicated previous findings that expert umpires were more certain but not more accurate or quicker than intermediate umpires, suggesting that, as sports officials, umpires may learn to project confidence to maintain control of the game. At the neural level, expert umpires exhibited more extensive and pronounced activations within the action observation network, dorsal striatum, and cerebellum. These heightened neural responses were probably associated with their enhanced visual processing abilities for pitching action and ball trajectory, honed over years of officiating. Notably, both expert and intermediate umpires exhibited decreased accuracy when judging pitches from left‐handed pitchers compared to right‐handed ones. These challenges in accuracy corresponded with weaker neural activations in the aforementioned brain regions, implying difficulties in processing specific visual details of the rarely encountered left‐handed pitchers. Moreover, slightly longer reaction times and reduced uncertainty were observed particularly for left‐handed ball pitches, as revealed by lower activation in the right premotor cortex, highlighting issues with predictive processing. In summary, our findings shed light on the influence of pitcher handedness on the pitch‐calling behavior of baseball umpires and extend the current understanding of the perceptual and decision‐making behavior of sports officials.
Evaluation of pharmacological alternatives to reduce the pain and discomfort produced by electroejaculation in rams
Authors: da Silva Mariana Karla Francolino , de Almeida Gélio Leonardo , Oba Eunice , de Freitas Douglas Anderson , Green Renata Elisa , Nichi Marcílio , Crespilho André Maciel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractElectroejaculation (EE) represents the main technique for semen collection from domestic and wild animals independently of libido. However, the technique is associated with intense involuntary muscle contractions, vocalization, ataxia and lying down, caused by the electric stimulation of the nerves in the caudal epigastric region. These clinical manifestations represent important indicators of discomfort. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate two protocols of local anaesthetic blockade and two anatomical access for pharmacological desensitization of the caudal epigastric innervation as alternatives to promote comfort and reduce stress associated with EE in rams. For the study, four clinically healthy Dorper rams were selected. All animals were subjected to a design consisting of five semen collection treatments (n = 3 collections per treatment): T1—control, conventional EE without local anaesthetic blockade; T2, EE with ventral blockade (VB) of epigastric innervation using lidocaine hydrochloride 2%; T3, EE with VB of epigastric innervation using a combination of lidocaine hydrochloride 2% and fentanyl citrate; T4, EE with blockade of epigastric innervation through the perineal access using lidocaine hydrochloride 2%; T5, EE with blockade of epigastric innervation through the perineal access using a combination of lidocaine hydrochloride and fentanyl citrate. Seminal samples resulting from EE were subjectively evaluated for sperm motility and concentration, vigour and volume. Additionally, blood serum samples were collected for quantification of cortisol and creatine kinase (CK) enzyme. Assessments of stress and discomfort were conducted by measuring blood pressure, heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR), as well as observing involuntary muscle contractions, ataxia and animal vocalization. No variations in blood pressure, sperm motility, vigour, CK, and cortisol were observed among the treatments. Individual variations were observed for the occurrence of vocalization (p = .0066), but there were no differences between the groups. Anaesthetic blockades conducted using the combination of lidocaine and fentanyl resulted in a lower incidence of ataxia during EE (p < .0001). It is concluded that the combination of fentanyl citrate and lidocaine hydrochloride results in less discomfort for animals undergoing EE, regardless of the anatomical access used for local anaesthetic blockades.