bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of detection limit on the measured concentration distribution of trace elements
Authors: Kubala‐Kukuś A. , Banaś D. , Braziewicz J. , Majewska U. , Mrówczyński S. , Pajek M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe concentration distributions of trace elements in large populations (n > 100) of biomedical samples were studied by x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry. For elements, the concentrations of which measured in all samples exceed the detection limit (DL) of the method, the log‐normal distribution was found to describe the data very well. For other elements, measured in only a fraction of the studied population, the observed distributions were truncated by the variable DL level. We demonstrate, however, that by using the information on the distribution of reported detection limits, the original distributions of concentration, and also the detection limits, can be reconstructed from the measured data. This can be done by solving the system of integral equations relating the measured and original distributions of the concentration and the detection limit. The applicability of this method is demonstrated in a comparative study of trace element concentrations in urine samples. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectra of high‐Z elements using Gaussian and Voigt peak shape profiles
Authors: Wegrzynek Dariusz , Markowicz Andrzej , Mendoza Cuevas Ariadna 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe AXIL computer program, aimed at x‐ray spectral deconvolution, was extended in order to take into account the broadening of peaks of K‐series radiation of high‐Z elements (Z > 50) due to the increasing contribution of the natural linewidth to the peak width. This effect needs to be taken into account in energy‐dispersive spectrometry of K‐series radiation of heavy elements, such as W, Au, Pb and U. The so‐called Voigt peak profile function was implemented into the AXIL computer code. Based on the published literature data, a library of natural atomic level widths was created, containing the data for K, L1, L2, L3 atomic level widths of elements up to Z = 94. The database was necessary to calculate the Voigt peak profiles. The AXIL program user interface and the fitting procedures were adapted, allowing us to perform spectral evaluation using either Gaussian or Voigt peak profiles. The relevance of fitting the x‐ray spectra of K‐series radiation of high‐Z elements with the Voigt peak shape model versus Gaussian peak approximation was thoroughly examined with the aid of simulated and measured spectra. The experimental x‐ray spectra were measured using a high‐voltage x‐ray tube spectrometer utilizing a 130 kV/65 W tungsten anode x‐ray tube and an ultra‐low energy germanium detector. The results obtained showed that when using the Gaussian peak model the calculated peak areas and fitted peak widths are systematically biased. It was found that the value of the systematic error is a linear function of the ratio of the natural linewidth to the spectrometer energy resolution at the peak position. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Yeast 2 µm plasmid copy number is elevated by a mutation in the nuclear gene UBC4
Authors: Sleep Darrell , Finnis Christopher , Turner Andrew , Evans Leslie 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe copy number of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae endogenous 2 µm plasmid is under strict control to ensure efficient propagation to the daughter cell without significantly reducing the growth rate of the mother or the daughter cell. A recessive mutation has been identified that resulted in an elevated but stable 2 µm plasmid copy number, which could be complemented by a genomic DNA clone containing the UBC4 gene, encoding an E2 ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme. A ubc4::URA3 deletion resulted in the same elevated 2 µm plasmid copy number. An analysis of the endogenous 2 µm transcripts revealed that the steady‐state abundance of REP1, REP2, FLP and RAF were all increased 4–5‐fold in the mutant. Analysis of the mutant ubc4 allele identified a single base pair mutation within the UBC4 coding region, which would generate a glutamic acid to lysine amino acid substitution within a region of conserved tertiary structure located within the first α‐helix of Ubc4p. These investigations represent the first molecular characterization of a mutation within a Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear gene shown to affect 2 µm steady‐state plasmid copy number and implicate the ubiquitin‐dependent proteolytic pathway in host control of 2 µm plasmid copy number. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the Zygosaccharomyces rouxiiLEU2 gene encoding a β‐isopropylmalate dehydrogenase
Authors: Sychrová Hana 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA DNA fragment carrying the LEU2 gene of osmotolerant yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii was isolated. The sequenced DNA fragment (2630 bp) contained two ORFs; one of them (1086 bp long, predicting a protein of 362 amino acids) shared a high degree of similarity with LEU2 genes of other yeast species. The cloned DNA fragment fully complemented the leu2 mutations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Z. rouxii. The GeneBank Accession No. for ZrLEU2 is AF314095. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic analysis of TAF68/61 reveals links to cell cycle regulators
Authors: Reese Joseph C. , Green Michael R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn yeast, inactivation of certain TBP‐associated factors (TAFIIs) results in arrest at specific stages of the cell cycle. In some cases, cell cycle arrest is not observed because overlapping defects in other cellular processes precludes the manifestation of an arrest phenotype. In the latter situation, genetic analysis has the potential to reveal the involvement of TAFIIs in cell cycle regulation. In this report, a temperature‐sensitive mutant of TAF68/61 was used to screen for high‐copy dosage suppressors of its growth defect. Ten genes were isolated: TAF suppressor genes, TSGs 1–10. Remarkably, most TSGs have either a genetic or a direct link to control of the G2/M transition. Moreover, eight of the 10 TSGs can suppress a CDC28 mutant specifically defective for mitosis (cdc28‐1N) but not an allele defective for passage through start. The identification of these genes as suppressors of cdc28‐1N has identified four unreported suppressors of this allele. Moreover, synthetic lethality is observed between taf68‐9 and cdc28‐1N. The isolation of multiple genes involved in the control of a specific phase of the cell cycle argue that the arrest phenotypes of certain TAFII mutants reflect their role in specifically regulating cell cycle functions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A PBS2 homologue from Debaryomyces hansenii shows a differential effect on calcofluor and polymyxin B sensitivity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Bansal Parmil K. , Sharma Pratima , Mondal Alok K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe PBS2 gene encodes a MAP kinase kinase that plays a pivotal role in osmosensing signal‐transduction pathway in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutation in the PBS2 gene has a pleotropic effect. Besides being osmosensitive, pbs2 mutants show altered sensitivity to polymyxin B and calcofluor. Recent studies revealed that Pbs2p plays a different role in osmoadaptation and calcofluor sensitivity. We have isolated a gene homologous to PBS2 from the highly salt‐tolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii by phenotypic complementation. DNA sequencing of the clone revealed that the gene encoded a protein of 683 amino acid residues. Like Pbs2p, this protein also has a proline‐rich motif. Further characterization revealed that this gene could complement polymyxin B sensitivity but did not affect calcofluor sensitivity. Thus, it appeared that Pbs2p also has an independent role in these two physiological processes. The GenBank Accession No. of this sequence is AF371315. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation of a Candida glabrata homologue of RAP1, a regulator of transcription and telomere function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Haw Robin , Devi Yarragudi Aruna , Uemura Hiroshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo study the function of RAP1, an essential gene involved in the regulation of transcriptional activation, silencing and the telomere function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we isolated a Candida glabrata gene that complements the growth defect of a S. cerevisiae rap1 conditional mutant. The DNA sequence of the cloned gene, which we designated CgRAP1, predicted a 2064 bp open reading frame encoding a 687 amino acid protein with an overall identity of 65% and a similarity of 78% to Rap1p from S. cerevisiae. Its DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank Accession No. is AB055655. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression levels of transdominant peptides and proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Sandrock Tanya , Poritz Mark , Kim Marianne , Feldhaus Michael J. , Roth Bruce , Caponigro Giordano , Kamb Alexander 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFrom libraries of peptides and protein fragments, several inhibitors that block pheromone response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been isolated previously. In many cases, the inhibitors are displayed as part of a scaffold, such as green fluorescent protein. Each of the inhibitors has a characteristic physiological strength or genetic penetrance. In this report, the roles of expression level and display scaffold on the activities of a subset of pheromone‐response pathway inhibitors were examined. Special consideration was given to the relationship between expression levels of specific inhibitors, which may exceed 50 µM in some instances, and penetrance. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe Pmf1p is structurally and functionally related to Mmf1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Marchini Antonio , Accardi Rosita , Malanchi Ilaria , Schyr Evi , Oxelmark Ellinor , De Pinto Vito , Jauniaux Jean‐Claude , Maundrell Kinsey , Tommasino Massimo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel family of small proteins, termed p14.5 or YERO57c/YJGFc, has been identified. Independent studies indicate that p14.5 family members are multifunctional proteins involved in several pathways, e.g. regulation of translation or activation of the protease µ‐calpain. We have previously shown that Mmf1p, a p14.5 of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is localized in the mitochondria and influences mitochondrial DNA stability. In addition, we have demonstrated that Mmf1p is functionally related to p14.5 of mammalian cells. To explore further the evolutionary conservation of the mitochondrial function(s) of the p14.5s we have extended our study to the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In this organism two p14.5 homologous proteins are present: Pmf1p (pombe mitochondrial factor 1) and Hpm1p (homologous Pmf1p factor 1). We have generated a specific Pmf1p antibody, which recognizes a single band of approximately 15 kDa in total cellular extracts. Cellular fractionation experiments indicate that Pmf1p localizes in the mitochondria as well as in the cytoplasm. We also show that Pmf1p shares several properties of S. cerevisiae Mmf1p. Indeed, Pmf1p restores the wild‐type phenotype when expressed in Δmmf1 S. cerevisiae cells. Deletion of the leader sequence of Pmf1p abrogates its ability to localize in mitochondria and to functionally replace Mmf1p. Thus, these data together with our previous study show that the mitochondrial function(s) of the p14.5 family members are highly conserved in eukaryotic cells. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morbidity of Ileostomy and Colostomy Closure: Impact of Surgical Technique and Perioperative Treatment
Authors: Riesener Klaus‐P. , Lehnen Winfried , Höfer Markus , Kasperk Reinhard , Braun Joseph C. , Schumpelick Volker 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe operative results and complications after stoma closure in 548 patients operated on between 1972 and 1993 are described in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into three groups (group I,n= 74, 1972–1976; group II,n= 256, 1977–1985; group III,n= 218, 1986–1993) according to the year of operation and changing concepts in colorectal surgery. The overall mortality rate was 2.0%. The morbidity rate including minor complications was significantly reduced from 70.3% in group I to 27.1% in group III. Postoperative wound infections and fever were the most common complications. The location of the stoma and the operative technique did not markedly influence the morbidity rate. The most striking decrease in complications was achieved by the combined usage of orthograde lavage and perioperative antibiotic treatment (14.6% wound infections, 6.9% postoperative fever). In conclusion, a standardized perioperative treatment protocol including orthograde lavage and antibiotics is recommended.
Localization, Malignant Potential, and Surgical Management of Gastrinomas
Authors: Kisker O. , Bastian D. , Bartsch D. , Nies C. , Rothmund M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBetween 1987 and 1996 a total of 25 patients with proved Zollinger‐Ellison syndrome (ZES) have been treated in our department. If preoperative imaging studies did not show diffuse metastatic disease, patients were scheduled for operation with a standardized surgical approach including thorough exploration and intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) of the pancreas and a longitudinal duodenotomy, with separate palpation of the anterior and posterior walls. Postoperatively, patients were followed up by physical examination, fasting gastrin levels, and the secretin stimulation test. Altogether 10 patients had duodenal wall gastrinoma, 14 patients pancreatic gastrinoma, and the tumor was not found in 1 patient. Only 15 tumors (60%) (2 duodenal wall and 13 pancreatic gastrinomas) could be visualized preoperatively. Intraoperatively, 24 of 25 primary gastrinomas were localized. The mean size of duodenal wall gastrinomas (9.6 mm) was significantly smaller than that of pancreatic gastrinomas (28.7 mm) (p < 0.05). At the time of surgical exploration, five duodenal and seven pancreatic gastrinomas had metastasized. The incidence of lymph node metastases was similar for both tumor sites, whereas patients with pancreatic gastrinomas more frequently had liver metastases. The presence of liver metastases was the most important determinant for survival. Four patients (40%) with duodenal and seven with pancreatic (50%) gastrinomas (mean follow‐up 5.2 years) were biochemically cured by operation. Of the remaining patients, eight are still alive with recurrent disease. Our results suggest that preoperative localization of gastrinomas often fails despite all modern imaging methods. Therefore a standardized surgical exploration of the pancreas including IOUS and a duodenal exploration should be performed to achieve optimal results. Preoperative diagnostic imaging tests should include computed tomography, ultrasonography, and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy to exclude diffuse metastases. In contrast to liver metastases, lymph node metastases do not have a significant influence on survival.
Etiology of Massive Obesity: Role of Genetic Factors
Authors: Pérusse Louis , Chagnon Yvon C. , Bouchard Claude 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt is well established that there is a significant familial aggregation of obesity, although most of the evidence regarding the genetic basis of obesity has been derived from overweight and moderately obese cases. Less is known about the contribution of genetic factors in severely obese individuals. This paper reviews the available evidence regarding the extent of familial aggregation of morbid obesity and the contribution of specific genes. The results of available studies suggest a stronger degree of familial resemblance for morbid obesity [body mass index (BMI > 40 kg/m2)] than for more moderate levels of obesity (BMI < 40 kg/m2). Evidence from human association and linkage studies, performed with markers surrounding human homologs of the genes involved in mouse models of obesity, revealed that these genes tend to be linked more often to severe obesity than to moderate levels of obesity.
Micrometastases in Bone Marrow: Prognostic Indicators for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Roder Jürgen D. , Thorban Stefan , Pantel Klaus , Siewert J. Rüdiger 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.Minimal residual disease in patients with operable pancreatic carcinoma is frequently missed by current noninvasive tumour staging. We applied an immunocytochemical cytokeratin assay that allows identification of individual pancreatic carcinoma cells disseminated to bone marrow. Prior to therapy, bone marrow was aspirated from the upper iliac crest of 48 patients with ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas at various disease stages and an age‐matched control group of 33 noncarcinoma patients. Tumor cells in cytologic bone marrow preparations were detected with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) CK2, KL1, and A45‐B/B3 to epithelial cytokeratins (CK) using the alkaline phosphatase antialkaline phosphatase method. CK‐positive cells were found in 14 (48.4%) of 31 cancer patients treated with curative intent and in 10 (58.8%) of 18 patients with extended disease. The overall frequency of these cells was 1 to 83 per 5 × 105 mononuclear cells with no significant differences between patients at different tumor stages and lymph node involvement. After a median follow‐up of 22.8 months (range 3–48 months), 6 (40.0%) of 15 patients who underwent complete surgical resection but had tumor cells in bone marrow presented with distant metastasis and 7 (46.7%) had local relapse compared to none of 12 corresponding patients without such cells (p < 0.05). Univariate survival analyses revealed that the presence of CK‐positive cells was predictive of reduced overall survival. In conclusion, anticytokeratin mAbs are reliable probes for the immunocytochemical detection of single pancreatic cancer cells disseminated to bone marrow. Thus the described technique may help identify patients with pancreatic cancer and at potentially high risk of early metastatic relapse. The results promise to be of important assistance for determining prognosis and the consequences in therapy of early stage pancreatic cancer.
Early‐summer inhibition of reproduction in wild white‐footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis): influence of supplemental food
Authors: Terman C. Richard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAdults of wild white‐footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis) populations in southeastern Virginia have been shown to be reproductively suppressed during May–July compared with other months of the reproductive season. The gonads and sex accessory glands are also significantly smaller during May–July than at other times of the year. The causes of this early summer reproductive suppression are unknown. In this study, food (Agway 3000) that could not be hoarded was supplied in feeding stations on one‐half the 11‐ha wooded study area during 1990 and 1991. Food consumption (g) was positively but not significantly correlated with population density (adults/ha) during both years. Population density was higher during 1991 on the food‐supplemented area than on the nonsupplemented area, but the statistical significance was marginal. Mice of both sexes living on both areas during 1990 and 1991 exhibited significant reproductive suppression during May–June. Further, mice of both sexes living on both areas during both years had significantly smaller gonads and sex accessory glands during May–June compared with other months of the year. Thus, during both years, surplus food did not prevent suppression of reproductive function in this wild population, and this phenomenon remains unexplained.
Transfer printing of cellulosic and proteinic fabrics
Authors: El‐Molla M. M. , El‐Halwagy A. A. , El‐Sayad H. S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCotton (cellulosic) and silk (proteinic) fabrics were grafted with tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate (THFA) in the presence of ceric ammonium nitrate and potassium persulphate as initiators, prior to transfer printing. Grafted fabrics with 23 and 26 wt% increase were obtained with a monomer concentration of 10 ml/g fabric and 1 g ceric ammonium nitrate initiator in case of cotton and silk fabrics respectively. Increasing monomer (THFA) and initiator (ceric ammonium nitrate) concentrations have a remarkable effect on the color strength of the prints. Treatment of the THFA‐grafted cotton and silk fabrics with Cassurit MLS resin produces prints with higher color strength values as compared to the grafted fabric alone. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 20: 296–304, 2001
Detection of relapse in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma: Role of routine follow‐up studies
Authors: Elis Avishay , Blickstein Dorit , Klein Osnat , Eliav‐Ronen Rivka , Manor Yosef , Lishner Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractComplete remission can be achieved in 60–80% of adults with diffuse aggressive non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, 20–40% of them will subsequently relapse. Nevertheless, formal follow‐up guidelines for recurrence detection have never been advocated. We analyzed the pattern of relapse in 30 patients with intermediate‐ and high‐grade non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma and the value of intensive protocol for relapse detection. This protocol includes frequent follow‐up visits, complete blood count, and serum LDH tests along with annual chest, abdominal, and pelvic CT scans. The median duration of complete remission was 12 months. Twenty‐five relapses (83%) were suspected after an interim history and /or physical examination, whereas only 5 relapses (17%) were detected by routine radiographic or laboratory follow‐up studies. The majority of relapses (19/30) were detected in sites that included the sites of prior disease. For the first 12 months of complete remission, the estimated cumulative save in charge for a follow‐up strategy, based on regular visits in the hematology clinic and performing laboratory and radiologic studies as clinically indicated, is 44% of the cost of a routine intensive evaluation. A reliable and cost‐effective follow‐up method for non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma patients in complete remission should include frequent history and physical examination. Complementary studies should be performed according to clinical indications. Am. J. Hematol. 69:41–44, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis with 2‐chlorodeoxyadenosine
Authors: Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Kelly Patrick , Jeng Michael , Presbury Gerald G. , Rieman Martha , Wang Winfred 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disorder characterized by proliferation of activated Langerhans cells. Immune dysregulation is believed to be part of the pathogenesis. Although current therapies are very effective at inducing remission, multiple recurrences and long‐term sequelae are common for patients with low‐risk disease, and a significant proportion of young patients die of their disease. More effective therapies based on the pathogenesis of LCH are needed. We investigated the use of 2‐chloro‐deoxyadenosine (2‐CdA), a purine analogue with an antiproliferative effect on histiocytes and lymphocytes, in patients with recurrent or high‐risk LCH. Six patients with recurrent LCH received 2‐CdA (5–7 mg/m2/day for 5 days, repeated every 21–28 days). All patients achieved remission. With a median follow‐up of 15 months (range, 3–25 months), 5 patients remain in remission. A patient with multisystem disease who recurred after 13 months, achieved a second remission with 2‐CdA. Hematologic toxicity was minimal, and no infectious complications were documented. 2‐CdA is among the most effective drugs for the treatment of LCH, and this is probably due to both its anti‐proliferative and immunomodulatory effects. 2‐CdA needs to be considered for the treatment of recurrent LCH. However, its incorporation into front‐line treatment of patients with multi‐system LCH needs further study. Am. J. Hematol. 69:179–184, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.