bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rare single‐nucleotide variants of MLH1 and MSH2 genes in patients with Lynch syndrome
Authors: Mirabdolhosseini Seyed Mohsen , Yaghoob Taleghani Mohammad , Rejali Leili , Sadeghi Hossein , Fatemi Nayeralsadat , Tavallaei Mehdi , Famil Meyari Amin , Saeidi Narges , Ketabi Moghadam Pardis , Sadeghi Amir , Asadzadeh Aghdaei Hamid , Zali Mohammad Reza , Nazemalhosseini Mojarad Ehsan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 5% of colorectal cancers (CRCs) are hereditary. Lynch syndrome (LS), also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is the most common form of recognized hereditary CRC. Although Iran, as a developing country, has a high incidence of CRC, the spectrum of variants has yet to be thoroughly investigated.AimsThis study aimed to investigate pathogenic and non‐pathogenic variants in MLH1 and MSH2 genes in Iranian patients with suspected Lynch syndrome (sLS).Methods and resultsIn the present study, 25 peripheral blood samples were collected from patients with sLS and high microsatellite instability (MSI‐H). After DNA extraction, all samples underwent polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing to identify the variants in the exons of MLH1 and MSH2 genes. The identified variants were interpreted using prediction tools, and were finally reported under ACMG guidelines. In our study population, 13 variants were found in the MLH1 gene and 8 in the MSH2 gene. Interestingly, 7 of the 13 MLH1 variants and 3 of the 8 MSH2 variants were novel, whereas the remaining variants were previously reported or available in databases. In addition, some patients with sLS did not have variants in the exons of the MLH1 and MSH2 genes. The variants detected in the MLH1 and MSH2 genes had specific characteristics regarding the number, area of occurrence, and their relationship with demographic and clinicopathologic features.ConclusionOverall, our results suggest that analysis of MLH1 and MSH2 genes alone is insufficient in the Iranian population, and more comprehensive tests are recommended for detecting LS.
Experimental and Theoretical Structure Elucidation of the [2 : 1] Complex Ion of Carbo[n]helicene with n=6, 7 and 8 and Ag+
Authors: Oschwald Johannes , Reger David , Frühwald Stefan , Warmbrunn Vera , Görling Andreas , Jux Norbert , Drewello Thomas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe front cover artwork illustrates the competition of [6]‐, [7]‐ and [8]helicene for attaining a silver(I) cation. This struggle takes place in the electrospray process during solvent evaporation, leading to the well‐known tweezer‐like surrounding of Ag+ by the helicene in the [1:1] complex. In this competition, the larger helicenes outperform the smaller ones. The main topic of our investigation, however, is the resulting [2:1] complex in which a second helicene attaches via π‐π stacking to the [1:1] tweezer complex. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202300496.
Modal finite element correlation for computer aided engineering education
Authors: Jimenez‐Martinez Moises , Torres‐Cedillo Sergio Guillermo , Cortés‐Pérez Jacinto , Reyes‐Solís Alberto 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe main challenge faced by many mechanical engineering educators is the implementation of real solutions during their courses. One alternative can be a realistic case study, where the students can be engaged in the development and analysis process currently applied in the industry. This kind of teaching process not only can be used to improve the quality of teaching‐learning process but also the students can have opportunities to solve real engineering problem. Therefore, this paper reports a realistic case implemented in mechanical engineering courses given in bachelor's and master's degrees. The component under evaluation has been selected considering the student's interest, this criterion was also taken to involve several students into a real project process to their learning development. The same problem was solved during an academic semester, it was solved using different approaches and student's abilities. This procedure can be replicated for students and teachers by following steps. The first step in this process was to describe the theoretical basis for modal analysis to understand how it was structured a numerical finite element model. This model was then solved and simulated using Hypermesh, Optistruct, and HyperView software to obtain numerical modal parameters. On the other, hand, the experimental modal parameters were obtained using a three‐dimensional scanning vibrometer on 60 samples. It is well noted that the implementation of engineering software commonly used at the industry would increase students' confidence. This allows students to perform real problem‐solving activities to develop outcomes as establish goals, plan task, meet deadlines. These activities are extremely important to the actual automotive industry. Therefore, this paper shows an engineering solution process to provide a learning alternative to teach the modal finite method solutions correlation with experimental solutions.
Permethrin Contamination of Sawgrass Marshes and Potential Risk for the Imperiled Klot's Skipper Butterfly (Euphyes pilatka klotsi)
Authors: Bargar Timothy A. , Hladik Michelle L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nontarget effects from mosquito control operations are possible in habitats adjacent to areas targeted by ultra-low-volume (ULV) sprays of permethrin for adult mosquito control. We assessed the risks of permethrin exposure to butterflies, particularly the imperiled Klot's skipper, when exposed to ground-based ULV sprays. Samples of larval host plant leaves (sawgrass) were collected in June (in mosquito season) and January (outside mosquito season) of 2015 from sawgrass marsh habitats of the National Key Deer Wildlife Refuge (Big Pine Key, FL, USA) and analyzed for permethrin. Permethrin detection was higher in June (detected on 70% of samples) than in January (30%), and concentrations were significantly higher in June (geomean = 2.1 ng/g, median = 2.4) relative to January (0.4 ng/g, median = 0.2). Dietary risk for 4th to 5th-instar larvae was low based on the measured residues. The AGricultural DISPersal model (Ver. 8.26) was used to estimate permethrin residues on sawgrass following ULV sprays (deposited residues) to estimate immediate postspray risk. Estimated deposited residues (33–543 ng/g) were much higher than measured residues, which leads to a higher risk likelihood for butterfly larvae immediately after ULV sprays. The difference between estimated and measured residues, and between the two risk estimations, reflects uncertainty in risk estimates based on the measured residues. Research on modeling deposited pesticide residues following ground-based ULV spray is limited. More research on estimating deposited pesticide residues from truck-mounted ULV sprayers could help reduce uncertainty in the risk predictions for nontarget insects like butterflies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:267–278. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy Studies of Tsai‐Type Quasicrystal Approximants
Authors: Coates Sam , Burnie Dominic , Sharma Hem Raj , McGrath Ronan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe review scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) studies of the surfaces of periodic Tsai‐type approximants. Although they are useful analogues to the Tsai‐type quasicrystals, the surfaces of these periodic approximants behave in subtly different and often more complex ways when compared to their quasiperiodic cousins. We present a summary of STM studies conducted upon Tsai‐type approximants; we discuss the various differences and similarities between phases and surface directions, and compare these to the surfaces of the related quasicrystalline phases. We also present open questions which have been raised by these studies, and offer potential routes to answer them.
An enhanced framework for identifying brain tumor using discrete wavelet transform, deep convolutional network, and feature fusion‐based machine learning techniques
Authors: Mehrotra Rajat , Ansari M. A. , Agrawal Rajeev , Al‐Ward Hisham , Tripathi Pragati , Singh Jay 
Published: November 2023

AbstractToday, the histological study of biopsy specimens is still used to diagnose brain tumors (BTs). This existing procedure is intrusive, arduous, and liable to mistakes. These downsides highlight the standing of employing a completely computerized process for identifying the evolution of tumors in the brain. A primary BT affects an estimated 0.7 million persons in the United States now and more are expected to be detected in the coming years. The ability to categorize magnetic resonance (MR) brain images into ordinary and pathological categories has the boundless ability to significantly diminish the burden on the radiologist. Pre‐processing, extraction, and reduction of features along with their classification are the parameters of statistical‐based methodologies that have been frequently used for this purpose. In this work, an enhanced framework for the identification of the BT is proposed using discrete wavelet transform (DWT), deep convolutional network (DCN), and machine learning (ML). As DWT is primarily used for image compression and denoising applications however in the presented research work it has been utilized for extricating pivotal features from the MR images using the feature fusion technique. DCN is also utilized for the extraction of pivotal deep features which are then combined with the wavelet‐based features for the purpose of BT identification. The classification of tumorous and non‐tumorous MR images is done using ML applications. The results obtained from the proposed model exhibit an utmost accuracy of 99.5% with an area under curve of 1 in identifying tumorous and non‐tumorous MR images as compared to various state‐of‐the‐art models. The proposed model can be efficiently used for assisting radiologists and medical experts in validating their decisions for BT identification.
Diagnosing and treating septic arthritis, physitis and osteomyelitis in foals
Authors: Rutherford Dave 
Published: November 2023

Background:Septic arthritis, physitis and/or osteomyelitis (SAPO) is a common presentation in foals, particularly those aged under seven months old. Due to its often rapid progression and the fact that prognosis is improved if treatment begins within 24 hours of the onset of clinical signs, it is important that affected patients are identified as early as possible and treatment initiated promptly.Aim of the article:This article guides practitioners on the clinical signs of SAPO cases and outlines the diagnostic and treatment options available.
The influence of pH and salt concentration on the microstructure and mechanical properties of meniscus extracellular matrix‐derived implants
Authors: Salinas‐Fernandez Soraya , Garcia Orquidea , Kelly Daniel J. , Buckley Conor T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMeniscus‐related injuries are a common orthopedic challenge with an increasing incidence in the population. While the preservation of viable meniscal tissue is the preferred approach in repair strategies, complex or total traumatic lesions may require alternative therapeutic approaches such as meniscal reconstruction using allografts or engineered equivalents. Although clinical studies suggest promising outcomes with the use of acellular implants, further development is needed to improve their biological and mechanical requirements. Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) derived from menisci is a promising biomaterial for meniscus tissue engineering due to its recapitulation of the native tissue environment and the maintenance of tissue‐specific cues. However, the associated mechanical limitations of dECM‐derived scaffolds frequently impedes their adoption, requiring additional reinforcement or combining with stiffer biomaterials to increase their load‐bearing properties. In this study, decellularized extracellular matrix was extracted and its fibrillation was controlled by adjusting both pH and salt concentrations to fabricate mechanically functional meniscal tissue equivalents. The effect of collagen fibrillation on the mechanical properties of the dECM constructs was assessed, and porcine‐derived fibrochondrocytes were used to evaluate in vitro biocompatibility. It was also possible to fabricate meniscus‐shaped implants by casting of the dECM and to render the implants suitable for off‐the‐shelf use by adopting a freeze‐drying preservation method. Suture pull‐out tests were also performed to assess the feasibility of using existing surgical methods to fix such implants within a damaged meniscus. This study highlights the potential of utilizing ECM‐derived materials for meniscal tissue substitutes that closely mimic the mechanical and biological properties of native tissue.
Metacognitive therapy for generalized anxiety disorders in group: A case study
Authors: Hammersmark Ane T. , Hjemdal Odin , Hannisdal Marit , Lending Hilde D. , Reme Silje E. , Hodne Kjetil , Osnes Kåre , Gjengedal Ragne , Johnson Sverre U. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesIn Metacognitive therapy (MCT), homework is used, for example, to increase awareness of thoughts and thought processes, to challenge metacognitive beliefs in real‐life situations, and to practice new ways of processing thoughts, feelings, and symptoms. All MCT treatment manuals include homework assignments to be given between each session.MethodThe following study provides a detailed description of the implementation of homework in a group‐based MCT treatment for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) at an outpatient clinic in Norway. The treatment described in this case consisted of 10 weekly group sessions (7 patients) lasting two hours.ResultsThis case study demonstrates that group‐based MCT can be used to treat GAD and describes how the use of homework can facilitate therapeutic change.ConclusionOverall, the effectiveness of MCT was found to be high. Homework gives patients the opportunity to take charge of their therapy and develop a sense of responsibility for their own progress, both during and after treatment.
Are restricted and repetitive behaviours in two‐ and six‐year‐olds associated with emotional and behavioural difficulties?
Authors: Carrington Sarah J. , Uljarević Mirko , Meins Elizabeth , Fernyhough Charles , McConachie Helen , Le Couteur Ann , Leekam Susan R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundRestricted and repetitive patterns of behaviour (RRBs) serve an adaptive role in development. Elevated levels of RRBs beyond the early years, however, are associated with poorer outcome in language, cognition, and wellbeing, and are seen across a range of neurodevelopmental conditions. This study aimed to characterize the association of distinct RRB subtypes at two and six years of age, with internalising and externalising difficulties in a community sample of children.Methods485 parents reported on their child's insistence on sameness (IS) and repetitive sensory and motor (RSM) RRBs at two and six years of age using the Repetitive Behaviour Questionnaire (RBQ‐2). Emotional and behavioural difficulties were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at age six.ResultsConsistent with previous research, RRBs later in development better predicted emotional and behavioural difficulties at age six than RRBs earlier in development. Moreover, IS RRBs were selectively associated with internalising behaviours and RSM RRBs with externalising behaviours. Importantly, these selective associations depended on when RRBs were measured. Only IS RRBs at age six were significantly associated with internalising behaviour. By contrast, while more RSM RRBs at age six were associated with higher rates of externalising behaviours, higher rates of RSM RRBs at age two were associated with fewer externalising behaviours, adding further support to the previously reported adaptive role of RRBs in early behaviour regulation.ConclusionAlthough there is a need for further research to provide a detailed profile of the adaptive periods for IS and RSM RRBs, the present findings support the potential utility of elevated RRBs as a signal for emotional and behavioural difficulties at age six.
Exploring dental students’ attitudes toward patient‐centered management of dental fear
Authors: Daly Kelly A. , Heyman Richard E. , Shuster Michelle , Smith Slep Amy M. , Wolff Mark S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurpose/ObjectivesA patient‐centered care (PCC) paradigm undergirds modern dental education. PCC is particularly relevant in the management of patient dental fear. The aims of this study were three‐fold: (a) to examine the preliminary psychometric properties of an author‐designed survey administered to explore dental fear knowledge and perceptions, (b) to assess how 4th‐year dental students regard dental fear, (c) and to investigate the relationship between students' knowledge and perceptions of dental fear and their clinical behavior.MethodsIn 2022, 4th‐year dental students (N = 453) participated in a cross‐sectional study. Participants completed a 16‐item survey that assessed (a) knowledge and perceptions about dental fear, (b) common biases in patient fear assessment, and (c) patient management behaviors when fear is encountered. Exploratory factor analysis, descriptive statistics, and logistic regressions were run to address the study's aims.ResultsExploratory factor analysis revealed three factors, with the two strongest factors pertaining to beliefs about the importance of dental fear (α = 0.87) and self‐efficacy in managing fear (α = 0.74). Participants indicated that it is important to assess for dental fear and rated their self‐efficacy in ability managing it as high. Ratings on both factors slightly increased the odds of engaging in routine patient screening for dental fear. Students also displayed assessment biases commonly seen among practicing dentists.Conclusion(s)Results indicate educational gaps within the current behavioral‐science training for dental students. Changes to improve advanced dental students’ appreciation of their patients’ dental fear are warranted.
Research progress of oxazole derivatives in the discovery of agricultural chemicals
Authors: Wang Sheng , Song Hongyi , Cai Qingfeng , Chen Jixiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe search for new scaffolds is one of the important goals in the discovery of new pesticides, and the oxazoles as an important five‐membered heterocyclic compound are widely used in the discovery of new pesticides. Oxazoles ring are often used as the scaffolding structure or bridging chain to connect different reactive groups. In recent years, oxazoles have made rapid progress in the discovery of new pesticides, especially in the discovery of fungicides, insecticides, and acaricides. A systematic review of the recent research progress of oxazoles in the discovery of new pesticides is of interest. Therefore, we comprehensively reviewed the application of oxazole compounds in the discovery of new pesticides from 2003 to 2023; summarized the fungicidal, antibacterial, insecticidal, acaricidal, and herbicidal activities of oxazoles; and discussed the structure–activity relationship, physiochemical and mechanism of action, with the aim of providing inspiration and ideas for the discovery of oxazoles as novel agrochemicals.
Superoxide dismutase 2 scavenges ROS to promote osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells by regulating Smad3 in alveolar bone‐defective rats
Authors: Qiu Wei , Sun Qian , Li Na , Chen Zehao , Wu Hongle , Chen Zhao , Guo Xiaolan , Fang Fuchun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundOsteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) is an essential event in alveolar bone regeneration. Oxidative stress may be the main inhibiting factor of hPDLSC osteogenesis. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is a key antioxidant enzyme, but its effect on hPDLSC osteogenic differentiation is unclear.MethodsSeveral surface markers were detected by flow cytometry, and the differentiation potential of hPDLSCs was validated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alizarin Red S, and Oil Red O staining. Osteogenic indicators of hPDLSCs were detected by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), Western blotting, and ALP staining. Furthermore, alveolar bone defect rat models were analyzed through micro‐CT, hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson staining. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was evaluated by a ROS assay kit. Finally, the expression of SOD2, Smad3, and p‐Smad3 in hPDLSCs was detected by RT‐qPCR and Western blotting (WB).ResultsSOD2 positively regulated the gene and protein expressions of ALP, BMP6, and RUNX2 in hPDLSCs (p < 0.05). Ideal bone formation and continuous cortical bone were obtained by transplanting LV‐SOD2 hPDLSCs (lentivirus vector for overexpressing SOD2 in hPDLSCs) in vivo. Exogenous H2O2 downregulated osteogenic indicators (ALP, BMP6, RUNX2) in hPDLSCs (p < 0.05); this was reversed by overexpression of SOD2. WB results showed that the Smad3 and p‐Smad3 signaling pathways participated in the osteogenic process of SOD2 in hPDLSCs.ConclusionSOD2 positively regulated hPDLSC osteogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SOD2 promotes hPDLSC osteogenic differentiation by regulating the phosphorylation of Smad3 to scavenge ROS. This work provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of alveolar bone regeneration.
l‐Theanine delays d‐galactose‐induced senescence by regulating the cell cycle and inhibiting apoptosis in rat intestinal cells
Authors: Xu Wei , Xiang Xi , Lin Ling , Gong Zhi‐Hua , Xiao Wen‐Jun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDIntestinal senescence is associated with several aging‐related diseases. l‐Theanine (LTA) has demonstrated strong potential as an antioxidant and antisenescence agent. This study investigated the regulatory effect of LTA on cellular senescence using an in vitro model of d‐galactose (D‐Gal)‐induced senescence in the rat epithelial cell line, intestinal epithelioid cell‐6 (IEC‐6).RESULTSTreatment of IEC‐6 cells with 40 mg/mL D‐Gal for 48 h resulted in the successful development of the senescent cell model. Compared with D‐Gal alone, both LTA preventive and delayed intervention increased cell viability and the ratio of JC‐1 monomers to aggregates, increased the antioxidant capacity, and decreased the advanced glycation end product (AGE) levels and the overall number of senescent cells. Preventive and delayed intervention with 1000 μM LTA alleviated the D‐Gal‐induced cell cycle arrest by regulating p38, p53, CDK4, and CDK6 expression at the mRNA and protein levels, and further induced CycD1 proteins. Moreover, LTA preventive intervention reduced apoptosis to a greater degree than delayed intervention by upregulating the expression of the receptors of AGEs, Bax, Bcl‐2, and NF‐κB at the mRNA and protein levels.CONCLUSIONOur findings indicate that LTA intervention could attenuate senescence in IEC‐6 cells by regulating the cell cycle and inhibiting apoptosis. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.