bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grading Acanthosis Nigricans Using a Smartphone and Color Analysis: A Novel Noninvasive Method to Screen for Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Dhanoo Andrew S. , Ramroach Sterling K. , Hill-Briggs Felicia , Cockburn Brian N. 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to develop ANcam, a novel method for identifying acanthosis nigricans (AN) using a smartphone camera and computer-aided color analysis for noninvasive screening of people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).Research Design and MethodsAdult and juvenile participants with or without diagnosed type 2 diabetes were recruited in Trinidad and Tobago. After obtaining informed consent, participants’ history, demographics, anthropometrics, and A1C were collected and recorded. Three subject matter experts independently graded pictures of the posterior neck and upper back using the ANcam smartphone application and Burke methods. A correlation matrix investigated 25 color channels for association with hyperpigmentation, and the diagnostic thresholds were determined with a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsFor the 227 participants with captured images and A1C values, the cyan/magenta/yellow/black (CMYK) model color channel CMYK_K was best correlated with IGT at an A1C cutoff of 5.7% (39 mmol/mol) (R = 0.45, P &lt;0.001). With high predictive accuracy (area under the curve = 0.854), the cutoff of 7.67 CMYK_K units was chosen, with a sensitivity of 81.1% and a specificity of 70.3%. ANcam had low interrater variance (F = 1.99, P = 0.137) compared with Burke grading (F = 105.71, P &lt;0.001). ANcam detected hyperpigmentation on the neck at double the self-reported frequency. Elevated BMI was 2.9 (95% CI 1.9–4.3) times more likely, elevated blood pressure was 1.7 (95% CI 1.2–2.4) times more likely, and greater waist-to-hip ratio was 2.3 (95% CI 1.4–3.6) times more likely with AN present.ConclusionANcam offers a sensitive, reproducible, and user-friendly IGT screening tool to any smartphone user that performs well with most skin tones and lighting conditions.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR RISIKO DEPRESI PADA IBU PASCABERSALIN
Authors: Amna Zaujatul , Khairani Maya 
Published: February 2024

Persalinan membawa berbagai perubahan yang dapat menyebabkan perempuan rentan mengalami depresi pascabersalin. Hal ini tidak hanya berdampak pada ibu tetapi juga pada individu lainnya seperti anak yang baru saja dilahirkan, anak lainnya, pasangan, bahkan anggota keluarga lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor risiko psikologis depresi pascabersalin. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survei sejak April-September 2022 pada ibu pascabersalin yang dipilih dengan teknik convenience sampling. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa Alat Asesmen Ibu Postpartum (ASIP), Multidimensional of Perceived Social Support (MPSS), dan Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) yang diberikan kepada 359 sampel penelitian dengan kriteria perempuan berusia 18-40 tahun, pascamelahirkan dengan rentang waktu 4 minggu hingga 1 tahun, dan tidak pernah didiagnosis mengalami gangguan mental oleh profesional. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa regulasi emosi, kepuasan pernikahan, dan dukungan sosial menjadi faktor risiko depresi pascabersalin dalam penelitian ini. Sementara itu, lebih dari sepertiga ibu pascabersalin mengalami depresi kategori ringan (34,2%), sedangkan yang lainnya mengalami depresi kategori sedang (19,8%), bahkan depresi berat (5,6%). Implikasi penelitian terhadap faktor risiko depresi dibahas lebih lanjut dalam artikel ini
Aesthetic perception of gingival display on smiling among laypeople seeking dental treatment
Authors: Yuen Jonathan Jun Xian , Saw Zhi Kuan , Ashari Asma , Lau May Nak , Mustapha Nik Mukhriz Nik , Kuppusamy Elavarasi , Rajaran Jothi Raamahlingam 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
The present study aimed to determine the influence of gingival display on smile perception of adult patients seeking dental treatment.

Materials and methods
A smiling photograph was digitally modified to simulate gingival exposures from -4 mm to +4 mm, each in 2 mm increments. Using a validated questionnaire, 117 subjects were recruited and asked to rate the attractiveness of the smile displayed by the photographs. Friedman tests were applied to compare the perceptions of the overall subjects in addition to subjects within each category. Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare perceptions between the genders, different ages, and ethnicity. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results
The most aesthetic gingival display was at -2 mm and the least aesthetic at -4 mm among all subjects. Females were more critical in evaluating smiles than males. Subjects 50 years or older and the Chinese ethnicity were less sensitive to the range of gingival displays.

Conclusions
Smile perception of varying gingival display among adult laypeople was found to be the most aesthetic at -2 mm, least aesthetic at -4 mm and was influenced by gender, age, and ethnicity.
Challenges in curbing illegal orthodontics: A qualitative study on dental enforcement officers in Malaysia
Authors: Nor Nor Azlida Mohd , Ming Cheong Joo , Bahar Aufa Dahlia , Abidin Haznita Zainal , Kamarudin Yasmin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIllegal orthodontics is on the rise, with ‘fake’ braces being reported mainly in South-East Asia. Health concerns have been raised despite ongoing efforts to increase public awareness.ObjectivesTo explore the perceptions of Dental Enforcement Officers from The Oral Health Legislation and Enforcement Section, Ministry of Health Malaysia regarding the challenges in managing complaints against ‘fake’ braces providers in Malaysia.MethodsThree focus group discussions were conducted involving twelve Dental Enforcement Officers (DEOs) who have managed complaints regarding illegal orthodontic practices over the past two years. Participants were asked about their actions in response to complaints and their perceptions of the challenges faced during the incidents. Information collection was concluded once data saturation was achieved. The interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed using NVIVO software.ResultsThe data identified six predominant themes which were: (1) A lack of resources; (2) Emotional strain on DEOs; (3) External support for illegal providers; (4) Difficulty in gathering information; (5) Complex planning and execution of raids; and (6) A lack of online regulation.ConclusionThe management of ‘fake’ braces activities is complicated and requires DEOs to work closely with various authorities for a successful outcome. This study may offer some insight into ways of overcoming these challenges.
Effects of melatonin on lettuce plant growth, antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic pigments under salinity stress conditions
Authors: EL-Bauome Hemat A. , Doklega Samar M. , Saleh Said A. , Mohamed Ahmed S. , Suliman Ahmad A. , Abd El-Hady Mahmoud A.M. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that significantly decreases the productivity of agricultural crops. Melatonin (MT) acts as an antioxidant and plays a vital role in overcoming oxidative damage. However, previous literature has not provided a clear understanding of the impact of MT on lettuce plants under salinity stress. So, we investigated the effect of exogenous MT at 0 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM and 150 μM on lettuce plants grown under salinity stress (0 mM NaCl, 50 mM NaCl and 100 mM NaCl) with respect to vegetative growth, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, O2
•- and antioxidants enzymes. Results showed that NaCl stress significantly decreased vegetative growth, RWC and photosynthetic pigments and in contrast enhanced dry matter, EL, MDA, H2O2, O2
•-, Na+, Cl-, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) of lettuce plants compared to non-salinized control. The results demonstrated that under salinity conditions, foliar applications of MT significantly alleviated the harmful effects of salinity and increased number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight, chlorophyll (a), chlorophyll (b), total chlorophyll, carotenoids and RWC in comparison to untreated plants (control). Meanwhile, dry matter, MDA, H2O2, O2
•-, Na+, Cl-, POD, SOD and GR were significantly decreased compared to untreated lettuce plants. In this respect, spraying MT at 150 μM ranked the first, then 100 μM, compared to the lower concentration (50 μM). In conclusion, MT application can be used to alleviate harmful effects of salinity stress.
A new evolutional model for institutional field knowledge flow network
Authors: Guo Jinzhong , Wang Kai , Liao Xueqin , Liu Xiaoling 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This paper aims to address the limitations in existing research on the evolution of knowledge flow networks by proposing a meso-level institutional field knowledge flow network evolution model (IKM). The purpose is to simulate the construction process of a knowledge flow network using knowledge organizations as units and to investigate its effectiveness in replicating institutional field knowledge flow networks.

Design/Methodology/Approach
The IKM model enhances the preferential attachment and growth observed in scale-free BA networks, while incorporating three adjustment parameters to simulate the selection of connection targets and the types of nodes involved in the network evolution process Using the PageRank algorithm to calculate the significance of nodes within the knowledge flow network. To compare its performance, the BA and DMS models are also employed for simulating the network. Pearson coefficient analysis is conducted on the simulated networks generated by the IKM, BA and DMS models, as well as on the actual network.

Findings
The research findings demonstrate that the IKM model outperforms the BA and DMS models in replicating the institutional field knowledge flow network. It provides comprehensive insights into the evolution mechanism of knowledge flow networks in the scientific research realm. The model also exhibits potential applicability to other knowledge networks that involve knowledge organizations as node units.

Research Limitations
This study has some limitations. Firstly, it primarily focuses on the evolution of knowledge flow networks within the field of physics, neglecting other fields. Additionally, the analysis is based on a specific set of data, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. Future research could address these limitations by exploring knowledge flow networks in diverse fields and utilizing broader datasets.

Practical Implications
The proposed IKM model offers practical implications for the construction and analysis of knowledge flow networks within institutions. It provides a valuable tool for understanding and managing knowledge exchange between knowledge organizations. The model can aid in optimizing knowledge flow and enhancing collaboration within organizations.

Originality/value
This research highlights the significance of meso-level studies in understanding knowledge organization and its impact on knowledge flow networks. The IKM model demonstrates its effectiveness in replicating institutional field knowledge flow networks and offers practical implications for knowledge management in institutions. Moreover, the model has the potential to be applied to other knowledge networks, which are formed by knowledge organizations as node units.
Feasibility of kinetic orbital bombardment
Authors: Koene L. , Schouten N.V.H. , Savelsberg R. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the possible impact effects of orbital bombardment systems and their feasibility are studied. These effects are the projectile penetration into concrete and steel targets and seismic effects. The equations of motion for the re-entry of a projectile and the penetration were solved numerically. The projectile penetration is modelled using the Alekseevskii–Tate model. By varying the altitude (h), projectile length (L), manoeuvre velocity (ΔV) and the target properties, the flight time (t), earthquake magnitude (M) and penetration depth (P) are calculated. The calculations show that the impact of a tungsten alloy rod with a length of 8 m and a 0.4 m diameter results in an earthquake with a seismic magnitude of only 2.5 on the Richter scale. For concrete, the optimal result is obtained for a projectile with a length of 0.56 m. It penetrates 1.79 m with a minimal ΔV trajectory. These results show that a kinetic orbital bombardment system is not feasible without major technological developments, the impact angle being a bottleneck of the concept. Moreover, one has to accept very high costs. Without any means to change the attitude of the projectile, using ICBMs or bombers shows a better penetration performance than re-entry.

Highlights

Weapons in orbit may provide a strategic advantage. However, they are restricted by international space laws.

Impact angle of the projectile is a bottleneck for kinetic orbital bombardment.

Larger impact angles can be achieved, but at the expense of a larger mass-to-orbit.

A hypersonic drag device may be used to optimise the impact angle and thus improve the system.

Alternative projectile delivery methods (Bomber, Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM)) show better performance for both steel and concrete targets.

Essentially, only penetration phenomena matter because the seismic effects are not significant. Therefore, orbital bombardment systems don’t even resemble weapons of mass destruction (WMD).

Given their limited effect, destroying a particular target requires a guidance and flight control system, which, given the high velocities, may not be feasible.
Na comida de minha vó, um encontro ancestral: reflexões arqueológicas acerca do preparo do quiabo enquanto um mediador de relações afrodiaspóricas
Authors: Rodrigues Nascimento Luana 
Published: February 2024

Este trabalho pretende tratar de retorno. Retorno à minha vó, quando transfiro a outros aquilo que com ela aprendi, celebrando e reverenciando sua intelectualidade. Retorno à arqueologia, quando me dedico a pensar os percursos que me antecedem, buscando entrelaçá-los com outras sabenças que permitam vislumbrar a ampliação de horizontes do que pode ser esse campo. Entendendo a arqueologia enquanto um modo de construir narrativas a partir do enfoque nas relações com os materiais, e acredito que o campo oferte reflexões que possibilitem algo interessante no exercício de pensar amplamente as materialidades como agentes mediadores em contextos afrodiaspóricos.
Novel exploration of hub heights on economics and Weibull distribution methods for wind power potential in Indian sites
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Yadav Amit Kumar 
Published: February 2024

Wind energy is a clean and practical way to create electricity. It necessitates the assessment of Wind Power Potential (WPP) and its economic analysis at different heights. In this context, this study examines WPP assessment for 62 different locations of 12 states in India from 10 m to 150 m height using six methods. The effectiveness of each method was performed through the computation of Relative Power Density Error (RPDE). The results suggested that the best method to estimate the WPP is the Novel Energy Pattern Factor Method (NEPFM) followed by the Empirical Method of Mabchour (EMM), the Empirical Method of Justus (EMJ), and the Empirical Method of Lysen (EML). A technical assessment is also made using six different wind turbine Models, through the computation of their respective capacity factors, annual power, and energy outputs. Furthermore the economic feasibility of these wind turbines gave Cost of Energy (COE) variation from 0.28 to 15.31 $/kWh at 10 m hub height of wind turbine and 150 m hub height of wind turbine COE varies from 0.10 to 3.53 $/kWh. This study is useful for industry.
Letters, complaints, appeals of Orthodox believers of the Kama region to the authorities in the period of late socialism
Authors: Сапсай П.А. 
Published: February 2024

Статья посвящена изучению такого исторического источника периода позднего социализма, как письменные обращения православных верующих Пермской области. Антицерковная политика государства вызывала недовольство верующих людей и заставляла их обращаться в государственные и церковные инстанции в поисках справедливости. Анализ обращений позволил выявить широкий круг проблем, с которыми соприкасался верующий человек в период брежневского «застоя». Отмечается, что авторы писем поднимали, главным образом, проблемы нехватки храмов и защиты от закрытия действующих, жаловались на «внутриобщинные конфликты», связанные с хищениями денежных средств, борьбой за власть на приходе, недостойным поведением церковного клира, а также критиковали местную власть за бюрократический стиль работы. Установлено, что власть предпринимала попытки уменьшить количество жалоб со стороны населения через принятие новых законов, антирелигиозную пропаганду и проведение личных профилактических бесед. К обращениям верующих чиновники относились формально и решали лишь те проблемы, которые могли компрометировать центральные советские и партийные органы власти. Поэтому зачастую верующие привлекали внимание широкой общественности путем публикаций в средствах массовой информации и обращения в центральные партийно-государственные органы.
The article is dedicated to the written appeals of Orthodox believers of the Perm region as a historical source of the late socialism period. The implementation of anti-church policy by the state caused dissatisfaction among believers and forced them to turn to state and church authorities in search of justice. The analysis of the appeals made it possible to identify a wide range of problems faced by believers during the period of Brezhnev’s “stagnation”. It is noted that the authors of the letters raised mainly the problems of insufficient number of churches and protection from closing the existing ones, complained about “intra-community conflicts” related to the theft of funds, the struggle for power in the parish, the unworthy behavior of the church clergy, and also criticized the local authorities for bureaucratic work style. It is established that the authorities made attempts to reduce the number of complaints from the population through the adoption of new laws, anti-religious propaganda and personal preventive conversations. Officials treated the appeals of believers formally and solved only those problems that could compromise the central Soviet and party authorities. Therefore, in order to solve their problems, believers often attracted the attention of the general public through publications in the media and appeal to the central party and state bodies.
Combining Static and Dynamic Myofascial Dry Cupping Therapy to Improve Local and Regional Symptoms in Individuals with Low Back Pain: A Case Series
Authors: Harper Brent , Dudek Alana , Williamson Julianne , Siyufy Alex , Smith Jo Armour 
Published: February 2024

Introduction Chronic low back pain is a common musculoskeletal healthcare presentation with an expense of over $100 billion annually. The clinical effect of myofascial cupping on pain and function is not clear, especially when different cupping techniques are combined. The purpose of this case series was to explore changes in pain and function following local static and distal dynamic myofascial dry cupping treatments in patients with chronic low back pain. Case Descriptions Three adults from the general population received three ten-minute treatment sessions, 48 hours between each session, of static dry cupping to the low back followed by dynamic myofascial cupping of the quadriceps and hamstring musculature. Outcome measures were taken at two different time points within one-week per participant. Subjective measures included the numeric pain rating scale and the Oswestry Disability Index, objective measures included passive straight leg raise measurements, and pressure pain threshold. Results and Discussion Local static combined with distal dynamic myofascial cupping reduced pain, pain sensitivity and perceived disability, and improved hamstring muscle extensibility in all three participants. These encouraging results support the initiation of a larger controlled trial aimed at investigating the efficacy of combined dry cupping interventions to treat musculoskeletal dysfunction and pain. Level of Evidence 4 (case series)
Workload Comparison of Contemporary Interval Throwing Programs and a Novel Optimized Program for Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Dowling Brittany , Brusalis Christopher M , Streepy John T , Hodakowski Alexander , Pauley Patrick J , Heidloff Dave , Garrigues Grant E , Verma Nikhil N , Fleisig Glenn S 
Published: February 2024

Background In the rehabilitation of injured baseball pitchers, there is lack of consensus on how to guide a player back to pitching. It is unknown how different contemporary interval throwing programs (ITPs) progress in the amount of throwing workload. Purposes To 1) evaluate three prominent ITPs commonly employed in baseball pitcher rehabilitation and assess whether these ITPs produce training loads that increase in a controlled, graduated manner and 2) devise an ITP that produced training loads which increased steadily over time. Study Design Cross-sectional study Methods Three publicly available ITPs from prominent sports medicine institutions were analyzed. Elbow varus torque per throw was calculated from a 2nd order polynomial regression based upon a relationship between recorded torque measurements and throwing distance measured from a database of 111,196 throws. The relative rate of workload increase was measured as an acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR). For each ITP, throw counts, daily/acute/chronic workloads, and ACWR were calculated and plotted over time. Finally, an original ITP was devised based upon a computational model that gradually increases ACWR over time and finished with an optimal chronic workload. Results Each ITP exhibited a unique progression of throwing distances, quantities, and days to create different workload profiles. The three ITPs had throwing schedules ranging from 136 days to 187 days, ACWR spiked above or fell below a literature-defined “safe” range (i.e. 0.7 – 1.3) 19, 21, and 23 times. A novel ITP, predicated on a 146-day schedule and with a final chronic workload of 14.2, was designed to have no spikes outside of the safe range. Conclusion Existing ITPs widely utilized for rehabilitation of baseball pitchers exhibit significantly inconsistent variation in the rate of throwing load progression. Computational modeling may facilitate more incremental workload progression in ITPs, thereby reducing injury during rehabilitation and more efficiently condition a pitcher for return to competition. Level of Evidence 3b