bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of the significant acid and alkaline environment and oxidation agent on the microplastic integrity
Authors: Adedapo Orekoya , Boros Norbert , Dálnoki Anna Boglárka , Gulyás Miklós , Sebők András , Túry Rita , Takács Anita 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe research examined the ability of each treatment to recover a known quantity of particles and the impact on identifying polymer type using a microscope. By conducting extensive research on the changes induced in the chemical structures and morphologies of microplastics (MPs) there is potential for enhancing the detection and analysis of MPs by incorporating pre-treatment methods in the future. When treating environmental matrices with high organic content, chemical digestion treatment is required to get rid of microplastics and release particles. This type of treatment involves using a range of chemical agents, including acids, bases, and oxidizing agents. Unfortunately, there has been limited research into the chemical resistance of various types of microplastics to these substances. To address this issue, a study was conducted to examine the chemical resistance of four species of microplastics high-density polyethylene (HD-PE), low-density polyethylene (LD-PE), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), potassium hydroxide (KOH), nitric acid (HNO3) and acetic acid (CH3COOH). The results showed that acidic and alkaline substances were the most destructive to microplastics, while oxidative reagents resulted in fewer changes to plastic properties. These findings provide valuable insights into the properties of MPs and their response to strong acids, bases and oxidizing agents, which can serve as a reference for future studies on MP pre-treatment. In addition, used as a guideline to update current protocols and ensure that microplastics can be treated without causing damage.
Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Copy Number Variation Analysis in Chinese Patients with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Revealed Novel DNAH5 Copy Number Variations
Authors: Chen Weicheng , Guo Zhuoyao , Li Mengru , Sheng Wei , Huang Guoying 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare disorder characterized by extensive genetic heterogeneity. However, in the genetic pathogenesis of PCD, copy number variation (CNV) has not received sufficient attention and has rarely been reported, especially in China. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) followed by targeted CNV analysis was used in patients highly suspected to have PCD with negative results in routine whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Sanger sequencing were used to confirm these CNVs. To further characterize the ciliary phenotypes, high-speed video microscopy analysis (HSVA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunofluorescence (IF) analysis were used. Patient 1 (F1: II-1), a 0.6-year-old girl, came from a nonconsanguineous family-I. She presented with situs inversus totalis, neonatal respiratory distress, and sinusitis. The nasal nitric oxide level was markedly reduced. The respiratory cilia beat with reduced amplitude. TEM revealed shortened outer dynein arms (ODA) of cilia. chr5:13717907-13722661del spanning exons 71–72 was identified by NGS-based CNV analysis. Patient 2 (F2: IV-4), a 37-year-old man, and his eldest brother Patient 3 (F2: IV-2) came from a consanguineous family-II. Both had sinusitis, bronchiectasis and situs inversus totalis. The respiratory cilia of Patient 2 and Patient 3 were found to be uniformly immotile, with ODA defects. Two novel homozygous deletions chr5:13720087_13733030delinsGTTTTC and chr5:13649539_1 3707643del, spanning exons 69–71 and exons 77–79 were identified by NGS-based CNV analysis. Abnormalities in DNA copy number were confirmed by qPCR amplification. IF showed that the respiratory cilia of Patient 1 and Patient 2 were deficient in dynein axonemal heavy chain 5 (DNAH5) protein expression. This report identified three novel DNAH5 disease-associated variants by WES-based CNV analysis. Our study expands the genetic spectrum of PCD with DNAH5 in the Chinese population.
Prevalence, impact and prevention of stress and burnout, and promoting resilience among radiological personnel: a systematized review
Authors: Gransjøen Ann Mari 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The causes of burnout are varied, and several methods have been explored to prevent burnout among radiological personnel. The aim of this systematized review was to determine the prevalence of burnout, the impact of burnout, and what can be done to prevent stress and burnout.

Methods
Google Scholar and the Medline, CINAHL and Scopus databases were queried in June 2022. Eligibility was assessed using predetermined criteria: (a) the item had at least one of the terms described in the search in the title; (b) the item addressed burnout, stress, or resilience among radiological personnel; and (c) the study was conducted in relevant settings. The exclusion criteria were (a) prefaces and brief letters to the editor communications; and (b) reports related to quality in radiology only.

Results
Nineteen manuscripts were included and divided into four categories: the prevalence of stress and burnout; the causes of stress and burnout; the impact of stress and burnout on the individual, the department and the quality of care provided; and the prevention of stress and burnout, and promotion of resilience among radiological personnel.

Conclusion
The prevalence of stress and burnout among radiological personnel is between 1.3% and 90%. The impacts affect both staff and patients. Mindfulness-based interventions aimed at individuals have proven effective at combating stress and burnout, interventions aimed at the system are more effective, and a combination of both is the most effective.
Elevated hydrostatic pressure enhances the potential for microbially mediated carbon sequestration at the sediment–water interface in a deep-water reservoir by modulating functional genes and metabolic pathways
Authors: Li Yumei , He Lixin , Pan Ying , Chen Kai , Zhuo Tianyu , Yu Kehong , Zhang Jinnan , Zhou Shilei , Lei Xiaohui , Chai Beibei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMicrobially mediated carbon cycling is essential for the production of refractory dissolved organic carbon and subsequent formation of stable carbon sinks at the sediment–water interface (SWI) in aquatic ecosystems, such as lakes. It remains unclear how this process is influenced by hydrostatic pressure changes due to water level fluctuation in deep-water reservoirs. Here, a microcosm simulation experiment was carried out to decipher the response of microbially mediated carbon cycling to various hydrostatic pressures (i.e., 0.1 MPa [atmospheric pressure], 0.2 MPa, 0.5 MPa, 0.7 MPa) at the SWI in Jinpen Reservoir, Shaanxi Province, China. The response mechanisms of microbial community structure, functional gene abundance, and metabolic pathway activity associated with carbon cycling were explored by metagenomics and metabolomics. Results showed that the number of microbial species in sediment samples increased with elevating pressure. The relative abundance of archaea also increased from 0.2% to 0.4% as a consequence of pressure elevation, accompanied by 0.17% and 0.03% decrease in bacteria and fungi, respectively. In contrast with low pressures, high pressures allowed the microbial communities to form a more closely connected network, which maintained more complex interspecies interactions and greater system stability. High pressures additionally improved the abundances of specific functional genes (e.g., ALDO, ACO, sdhA, and sdhC) in carbon metabolic pathways, promoted carbon fixation by the reductive pentose phosphate (Calvin) and citrate cycles, and hindered methanogenesis. Piezophilic taxa (e.g., Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes) and genes (e.g., ompH, asd) were identified among carbon cycling-associated microbial communities. The piezophilic genes, which were mainly present in the Proteobacteria phylum, increased first and then decreased in abundance with elevating pressure. The findings indicate that elevated hydrostatic pressure contributes to carbon sequestration at the SWI in deep-water reservoirs by changing carbon cycling-associated microbial species, as well as relevant functional genes and metabolic pathways.
Graphical Abstract
An African American Anthropologist in Wales: St. Clair Drake and the Transatlantic Ecologies of Race Relations
Authors: Connell Kieran 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn summer 1947, African American anthropologist John Gibbs St. Clair Drake arrived in Tiger Bay, the port neighborhood of Cardiff in South Wales, to begin field work for his doctoral thesis, “Race Relations in the British Isles.” Drake's academic reputation had already been established by the publication of Black Metropolis (1945), a seminal study of Chicago's so-called Black Belt that Drake co-authored with researcher Horace Cayton. What attracted him to Tiger Bay for his next project was a scandal that erupted on both sides of the Atlantic around Britain's growing population of what were referred to as brown babies. These children were the product of sexual encounters that sometimes took place between local white women and some of the 200,000 African American GIs who were at different points stationed across the United Kingdom during the later part of the Second World War. Using the extensive field notes Drake kept during his sojourn in Cardiff, this article reconstructs the nature and feel of a neighborhood where, by the 1940s, half of all residents were from ethnic minority backgrounds. Drake's work serves as a window onto the nature of racism and ideas about race in late-imperial Britain, alongside the parallel presence of metropolitan community life in Tiger Bay, one of Britain's oldest multicultural communities.
CONCEPTUAL DISTANCE AND ALGEBRAS OF CONCEPTS
Authors: KHALED MOHAMED , SZÉKELY GERGELY 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We show that the conceptual distance between any two theories of first-order logic is the same as the generator distance between their Lindenbaum–Tarski algebras of concepts. As a consequence of this, we show that, for any two arbitrary mathematical structures, the generator distance between their meaning algebras (also known as cylindric set algebras) is the same as the conceptual distance between their first-order logic theories. As applications, we give a complete description for the distances between meaning algebras corresponding to structures having at most three elements and show that this small network represents all the possible conceptual distances between complete theories. As a corollary of this, we will see that there are only two non-trivial structures definable on three-element sets up to conceptual equivalence (i.e., up to elementary plus definitional equivalence).
Stream Nitrogen Concentrations Across Arctic Vegetation Gradients
Authors: Holmboe C. M. H. , Pastor A. , Riis T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Arctic is experiencing dramatic climate‐induced changes, which could have substantial consequences for nutrient export from land to streams and, thus, in‐stream nutrient availability and composition. Arctic freshwater ecosystems are low‐productive systems often limited by nitrogen (N) availability. Studying small streams is important due to their high abundance across the landscape, intimate connection to their catchments, high biogeochemical activity and high sensitivity to climate change. However, little information is available, especially in terms of N availability and composition (i.e., nitrate, ammonium, and dissolved organic nitrogen [DON]). We aimed to quantify N concentrations across small Arctic streams and explore the link between terrestrial vegetation and stream water N concentration. We conducted a literature study and extracted data from published articles, online databases, and unpublished field data. Out of 215 preselected articles, 20 met our criteria and contained 2,381 observations on stream water N concentrations in the Arctic. Data on DON was scarce: only 161 of the 2,381 observations contained DON data. We found that nitrate (NO3−), ammonium (NH4+) and DON ranged undetectable to 1,155, 547 and 1,587 μg N L−1, respectively. We found that sparsely vegetated areas had higher stream water N‐concentrations, while barren areas and higher vegetated areas had lower stream water N‐concentrations. This study provides fundamental knowledge on N availability in small streams across the Arctic, highlights data gaps and contributes to the basic knowledge needed for understanding and predicting future changes in N dynamics.
Tetra methyl bisphenol F: another potential obesogen
Authors: Singh Misha , Crosthwait Jennifer , Sorisky Alexander , Atlas Ella 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Obesity and its associated metabolic diseases are increasing globally. Sedentary lifestyle, high caloric diet, and genetic predisposition are known to contribute to the onset of obesity. It is increasingly recognized that exposure to environmental chemicals such as Bisphenol A (BPA) may also play a significant role. BPA has been correlated with an array of adverse health effects, including obesity and metabolic disorders. Due to public concern, manufacturers are replacing BPA with structural analogues for which there is limited toxicological data. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of these BPA analogues on adipogenesis.

Methods
The adipogenic effects of Tetra Methyl Bisphenol F (TMBPF), Bisphenol F (BPF), Bisphenol AP (BPAP), and fluorine-9-bisphenol (BHPF) were evaluated in murine 3T3-L1 cells. The cells were treated with BPA and its analogues at concentrations from 0.01 µM to 20 µM, throughout differentiation, in the absence of Dexamethasone (Dex). Lipid accumulation, mRNA and protein levels of adipogenic markers was assessed.

Results
We found that TMBPF, BPF and BPA increased 3T3-L1 lipid accumulation and the expression levels of adipogenic markers lipoprotein lipase (Lpl), fatty acid binding protein 4 (Fabp4) and perilipin (Plin) (1–20 µM; p < 0.05), whereas BHPF and BPAP had no effect in this model. Further, TMBPF induced adipogenesis to a greater extent than all the other chemicals including BPA (1–20 µM; p < 0.05). The effect mediated by TMBPF on expression levels of Fabp4, but not Plin, is likely mediated via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ activation.

Conclusions
Of the BPA analogues tested, BPF was most similar to BPA in its effects, while TMBPF was most adipogenic. In addition, TMBPF is likely a PPARγ agonist, it is likely an obesogenic chemical and may be a metabolic disruptor.
Improved energy efficiency using adaptive ant colony distributed intelligent based clustering in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Sharada K. A. , Mahesh T. R. , chandrasekaran Saravanan , Shashikumar R. , Kumar V. Vinoth , Annand Jonnakuti Rajkumar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOptimization algorithms have come a long way in the last several decades, with the goal of reducing energy consumption and minimizing interference with primary users during data transmission over shorter distances. The adaptive ant colony distributed intelligent based clustering algorithm (AACDIC) is a key component of the cognitive radio (CR) system because of its superior performance in spectrum sensing among a group of multi-users in terms of reduced sensing errors, power conservation, and faster convergence times. This study presents the AACDIC method, which improves energy efficiency by determining the ideal cluster count using connectedness and distributed cluster-based sensing. In this study, we take into account the reality of a system with an unpredictable number of both primary users and secondary users. As a result, the proposed AACDIC method outperforms pre-existing optimization algorithms by increasing the rate at which solutions converge via the utilisation of multi-user clustered communication. Experiments show that compared to other algorithms, the AACDIC method significantly reduces node power usage by 9.646 percent. The average power of Secondary Users nodes is reduced by 24.23 percent compared to earlier versions. The AACDIC algorithm is particularly strong at reducing the Signal-to-Noise Ratio to levels as low as 2 dB, which significantly increases the likelihood of detection. When comparing AACDIC to other primary detection optimization strategies, it is clear that it has the lowest false positive rate. The proposed AACDIC algorithm optimizes network capacity performance, as shown by the results of simulations, due to its ability to solve multimodal optimization challenges. Our analysis reveals that variations in SNR significantly affect the probability of successful detection, shedding light on the intricate interplay between signal strength, noise levels, and the overall reliability of sensor data. This insight contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the proposed scheme's performance in realistic deployment scenarios, where environmental conditions may vary dynamically. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in mitigating the identified drawback and highlight the importance of SNR considerations in optimizing detection reliability in energy-constrained WSNs.
Three-dimensional distribution of individual atoms in the channels of beryl
Authors: Knez Daniel , Gspan Christian , Šimić Nikola , Mitsche Stefan , Fitzek Harald , Gatterer Karl , Wiltsche Helmar , Kothleitner Gerald , Grogger Werner , Hofer Ferdinand 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSingle atom detection in nanoporous materials is a significant challenge, particularly due to their sensitivity to electron irradiation. Here, natural beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18) is used as a model system to quantitatively analyse the occupancy of its atomic channels. High-angle annular dark-field imaging in a scanning transmission electron microscope is employed, revealing the presence of Cs atoms within the channels. Through statistical analysis of atomic column intensities and comparison with a series of multislice simulations, we successfully pinpoint the three-dimensional positions of individual Cs atoms. Our findings indicate a non-uniform distribution of Cs atoms in the crystal. Importantly, by extracting both the crystal thickness and atomic positions from a single high-resolution micrograph, we effectively minimize the adverse effects of beam damage. This approach offers a promising pathway for accurately determining the three-dimensional distribution of dopant atoms in various porous materials, opening new possibilities for the study and application of these technologically important materials.
Post-COVID-Patienten mit persistierenden chemosensorischen Symptomen sind in der Bevölkerung selten
Authors: Gudziol Hilmar , Giszas Benjamin , Schade Ulrike , Bitter Thomas , Reuken Philipp A. , Stallmach Andreas , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Prävalenz Long-/Post-COVID-assoziierter chemosensorischer Symptome wird in der Literatur deutlich höher angegeben als es die klinische Realität widerspiegelt.
Methoden 1. Vom Gesundheitsamt Jena an das Robert-Koch-Institut im Zeitraum von März 2020 bis September 2021 übermittelte n=4062 erwachsene, akut SARS-CoV-2-Infizierte mit ihren Symptomen wurden ausgewertet. 2. Ein Teil derselben Kohorte (n=909 von 4062) beantwortete einen umfangreichen Fragenbogen mindestens 3 Monate nach Beginn der Infektion unter anderem hinsichtlich bestehender chemosensorischer Post-COVID-assoziierter Beschwerden. 3. Vierzehn Jenaer Post-COVID-Patienten mit chemosensorischen Symptomen, die sich im gleichen Zeitraum akut infiziert hatten, wurden in unserer HNO-ärztlichen Spezialambulanz diagnostiziert, therapiert und beraten.
Ergebnisse Die Prävalenz chemosensorischer Symptome zu Beginn der Infektion lag bei 19% (600/3187). Etwa jeder 2. schriftlich Befragte der ehemals akut Infizierten (441/890) erinnerte sich an chemosensorische Symptome während seiner COVID-19-Infektion. Davon beklagten etwa 38% (167/441) persistierende chemosensorische Post-COVID-Beschwerden nach im Mittel 14,5 Monaten. Nur 2,3% (14/600) der ehemals akut Infizierten mit chemosensorischen Symptomen suchten medizinische Hilfe in der Spezialsprechstunde. Bei der Hälfte ließen sich quantitative chemosensorische Schäden objektivieren.
Schlussfolgerungen Trotz hoher Prävalenz subjektiver chemosensorischer Symptome bei akut und ehemals SARS-CoV-2-Infizierten besteht nur ein geringer Bedarf einer spezialisierten Behandlung, sodass, anders als bei anderen Post-COVID-assoziierten Beschwerden, das Gesundheitswesen hierdurch insgesamt wenig bedeutsam belastet erscheint.
Both Patients and Plastic Surgeons Prefer Artificial Intelligence–Generated Microsurgical Information
Authors: Berry Charlotte E. , Fazilat Alexander Z. , Lavin Christopher , Lintel Hendrik , Cole Naomi , Stingl Cybil S. , Valencia Caleb , Morgan Annah G. , Momeni Arash , Wan Derrick C. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background With the growing relevance of artificial intelligence (AI)-based patient-facing information, microsurgical-specific online information provided by professional organizations was compared with that of ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer) and assessed for accuracy, comprehensiveness, clarity, and readability.
Methods Six plastic and reconstructive surgeons blindly assessed responses to 10 microsurgery-related medical questions written either by the American Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery (ASRM) or ChatGPT based on accuracy, comprehensiveness, and clarity. Surgeons were asked to choose which source provided the overall highest-quality microsurgical patient-facing information. Additionally, 30 individuals with no medical background (ages: 18–81, μ = 49.8) were asked to determine a preference when blindly comparing materials. Readability scores were calculated, and all numerical scores were analyzed using the following six reliability formulas: Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level, Flesch–Kincaid Readability Ease, Gunning Fog Index, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook Index, Coleman–Liau Index, Linsear Write Formula, and Automated Readability Index. Statistical analysis of microsurgical-specific online sources was conducted utilizing paired t-tests.
Results Statistically significant differences in comprehensiveness and clarity were seen in favor of ChatGPT. Surgeons, 70.7% of the time, blindly choose ChatGPT as the source that overall provided the highest-quality microsurgical patient-facing information. Nonmedical individuals 55.9% of the time selected AI-generated microsurgical materials as well. Neither ChatGPT nor ASRM-generated materials were found to contain inaccuracies. Readability scores for both ChatGPT and ASRM materials were found to exceed recommended levels for patient proficiency across six readability formulas, with AI-based material scored as more complex.
Conclusion AI-generated patient-facing materials were preferred by surgeons in terms of comprehensiveness and clarity when blindly compared with online material provided by ASRM. Studied AI-generated material was not found to contain inaccuracies. Additionally, surgeons and nonmedical individuals consistently indicated an overall preference for AI-generated material. A readability analysis suggested that both materials sourced from ChatGPT and ASRM surpassed recommended reading levels across six readability scores.