bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Power amplification in the core area of radial carpet beams
Authors: Rasouli Saifollah , Fathollazade Somaye 
Published: February 2024

We investigate the power redistribution in radial carpet beams (RCBs). We show that RCBs have increased power in the core area, which surrounds the central patternless area, as they propagate. We present both theoretical and experimental evidence that RCBs self-amplify in the core area due to their radial expansion. We examine the power carried by a main intensity spot of different RCBs produced by the diffraction of a plane wave from amplitude/phase radial gratings with sinusoidal/binary transmission profiles. We find that the core area, which has a complex intensity distribution, increases in power as the beam propagates. This feature distinguishes RCBs from other beams and makes them self-amplifying-like beams. Thus, the power amplification in RCBs is an internal effect caused by the continuous transfer of power from the patternless area to the core area. The power transfer to the core area also improves the stability of the beam in turbulent environments such as the atmosphere, making it a promising candidate for atmospheric optical communication. We discuss the practical realization of RCBs with a finite-radius beam and a radial grating. We define a “power amplification length” as the propagation distance at which the outer radius of the core area of the beam equals the beam radii at the grating. For instance, for the beam radii of 5 and 50 cm at the grating with 20 spokes, the values of these distances are 230 m and 23 km, respectively.
Concentration of heavy metals in pasteurized and sterilized milk and health risk assessment across the globe: A systematic review
Authors: Alinezhad Zahra , Hashemi Mohammad , Tavakoly Sany Seyedeh Belin 
Published: February 2024

Objective
Although milk and dairy products are almost complete food, they can contain toxic heavy elements with potential hazards for consumers. This review aims to provide a comprehensive report on the occurrence, concentration, and health risks of selected heavy metals in pasteurized and sterilized milk recorded worldwide.

Methods
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) was used to develop this systematic review. Databases included the Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Scientific Information Database, Google Scholar, and PubMed from inception until January 2023. Keywords related to the terms “Heavy metals”, “Arsenic” and “Pasteurized and sterilized milk” and “Risk Assessment” were used. The potential health risks to human health from milk daily consumption were estimated using extracted data on heavy metals concentration based on metal estimated daily intake, target hazard quotient, and carcinogenic risk.

Results
A total of 48 potentially relevant articles with data on 981 milk samples were included in the systematic review. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry were the most common valid methods to measure heavy metals in milk samples. Following the initial evaluation, Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb were the most contaminants, which exceeded the maximum permissible criteria in 94%, 67%, 62%, and 46% of the milk samples tested. Relying on target hazard quotient and carcinogenic risk results, milk consumers in 33(68.75%) and 7 (14.5%) studies were exposed to moderate to high levels of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk, respectively. The highest level of risk is due to the consumption of pasteurized and sterilized milk detected in Pakistan, Brazil, Egypt, Slovakia, and Turkey.

Conclusion
The elevated levels of heavy metals in milk samples, especially Pb and Cd is a public health concern; therefore, maximum control and strict regulations must be adopted to decrease heavy metals contaminants in the dairy industry. Further studies are required to develop safe milk processing and handling methods for the decontamination of heavy metals in milk and its products.
Efficacy and safety of eszopiclone combined with drug therapy in the treatment of insomnia after stroke: A network meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Li Ruo-Yang , Zhu De-Liang , Chen Ke-Yu 
Published: February 2024

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of multi-drug therapy based on eszopiclone in the treatment of insomnia after stroke using a network meta-analysis method and to provide evidence for clinical practice.

Method
Computer searches of PubMed, Excerpt Medica Database (Embase), Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials, APA PsycInfo, CNKI, WanFang, Sinomed and other databases were performed to search for clinical randomized controlled studies (RCTs) on multi-drug therapy based on eszopiclone in the treatment of insomnia patients after stroke. The search time was from the establishment of each database until July 2023. The bias risk assessment tool recommended by Cochrane was used to evaluate the quality of the included RCTs. Stata 14.0 was applied to perform network meta-analysis using Review Manager 5.3 software for traditional meta-analysis.

Result
Eighteen RCTs and 1646 patients were ultimately included, involving 11 treatment options. The results of the network meta-analysis showed that the ranking of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) decline was eszopiclone combined with sweet dream oral liquid (ESZ+SDOL)>eszopiclone combined with a shugan jieyu capsule (ESZ+SGJYC)>eszopiclone combined with agomelatine (ESZ+AGO)>eszopiclone combined with flupentixol and melitracen tablets (ESZ+FMT)>eszopiclone combined with yangxue qingnao granules (ESZ+YXQNG)>eszopiclone combined with mirtazapine (ESZ+MIR)>ESZ>FMT; the modified Edinburgh Scandinavia Stroke Scale (MESSS) decline ranking was ESZ+SDOL>ESZ+AGO>ESZ; and the clinical total effective rate ranking was eszopiclone combined with a xuefu zhuyu capsule (ESZ+XFZYC)>ESZ+MIR>ESZ+SGJYC>ESZ+SDOL> ESZ+FMT>ESZ+YXQNG>ESZ>FMT. In terms of clinical adverse reactions, in addition to ESZ therapy, ESZ+ESC had the highest number of adverse reactions, with abdominal pain being the most common. ESZ+YXQNG had the most types of adverse reactions, with 8 types.

Conclusion
Multi-drug therapy based on eszopiclone can effectively improve the sleep quality of patients with insomnia after stroke, and ESZ+SDOL has significant efficacy and safety. However, due to the limitations of this study, efficacy ranking cannot fully explain the superiority or inferiority of clinical efficacy. In the future, more multicentre, large sample, double-blind randomized controlled trials are needed to supplement and demonstrate the results of this study.
Guanylate-binding protein 1 acts as a pro-viral factor for the life cycle of hepatitis C virus
Authors: Bender Daniela , Koulouri Alexandra , Wen Xingjian , Glitscher Mirco , Schollmeier Anja , Fernandes da Costa Liliana , Murra Robin Oliver , Carra Gert Paul , Haberger Vanessa , Praefcke Gerrit J. K. , Hildt Eberhard 
Published: February 2024

Viral infections trigger the expression of interferons (IFNs) and interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), which are crucial to modulate an antiviral response. The human guanylate binding protein 1 (GBP1) is an ISG and exhibits antiviral activity against several viruses. In a previous study, GBP1 was described to impair replication of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, the impact of GBP1 on the HCV life cycle is still enigmatic.
To monitor the expression and subcellular distribution of GBP1 and HCV we performed qPCR, Western blot, CLSM and STED microscopy, virus titration and reporter gene assays.
In contrast to previous reports, we observed that HCV induces the expression of GBP1. Further, to induce GBP1 expression, the cells were stimulated with IFNγ. GBP1 modulation was achieved either by overexpression of GBP1-Wt or by siRNA-mediated knockdown. Silencing of GBP1 impaired the release of viral particles and resulted in intracellular HCV core accumulation, while overexpression of GBP1 favored viral replication and release. CLSM and STED analyses revealed a vesicular distribution of GBP1 in the perinuclear region. Here, it colocalizes with HCV core around lipid droplets, where it acts as assembly platform and thereby favors HCV morphogenesis and release.
Collectively, our results identify an unprecedented function of GBP1 as a pro-viral factor. As such, it is essential for viral assembly and release acting through tethering factors involved in HCV morphogenesis onto the surface of lipid droplets.
ERAP-1 and ERAP-2 Variants in Liver Injury After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination: A US Multicenter Study
Authors: Fontana Robert J. , Li Yi Ju , Vuppalanchi Raj , Kleiner David E. , Gu Jiezhun , Shroff Hersh , Van Wagner Lisa B. , Watkins Paul B. ,   on behalf of the US DILIN study group
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION:
The aim of this study is to describe the presenting features, genetic factors, and outcomes of 23 adults who developed liver injury after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccination.

METHODS:
Patients with suspected COVID-19 vaccine hepatitis were enrolled into the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network. Causality was assessed using the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network expert opinion score. High-resolution HLA sequencing was undertaken using Illumina platform.

RESULTS:
Amongst the 16 high causality cases, median time to onset was 16 days, median age was 63 years, and 75% were female. The injury was hepatocellular in 75% with a median alanine aminotransferase of 497 U/L, and 37% had jaundice. An antinuclear antibody and smooth muscle antibody were detectable in 27% and 36%, but only 12% had an elevated immunoglobulin G level. During follow-up, 37% received a short course of corticosteroids, and 88% fully recovered by 6 months with no deaths observed. HLA alleles associated with autoimmune hepatitis were not overrepresented compared with controls, but an ERAP-2 variant (rs1263907) and the ERAP-1 Hap6 haplotype were significantly overrepresented in the high causality cases vs controls (P = 0.026 and 5 × 10−5, respectively).

DISCUSSION:
Acute liver injury may arise within 8 weeks of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination that is generally mild and self-limited in most patients. The absence of an association with the AIH HLA alleles combined with the significant ERAP-2 and ERAP-1 Hap6 haplotype associations implicates a unique but very rare host immune response to vaccine-derived antigens in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 vaccine hepatotoxicity.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Hospitalizations Are Similar for Patients Receiving Televisit-Delivered Outpatient Care and Those Receiving Traditional In-Person Care
Authors: Cohen-Mekelburg Shirley , Valicevic Autumn , Lin Lewei (Allison) , Saini Sameer D. , Kim Hyungjin Myra , Adams Megan A. 
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION:
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic resulted in widespread expansion of telehealth. However, there are concerns that telehealth-delivered outpatient care may limit opportunities for managing complications and preventing hospitalizations for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to assess the association between outpatient IBD care delivered through televisit (video or phone) and IBD-related hospitalizations.

METHODS:
We conducted a case-control study of patients with IBD who had an IBD-related index hospitalization between April 2021 and July 2022 and received their care in the Veterans Health Administration. We matched these hospitalized patients to controls who were not hospitalized based on age, sex, race, Charlson comorbidity index, IBD type, IBD-related emergency department use, IBD-related hospitalizations, and outpatient gastroenterology visits in the preceding year. The variable of interest was the percentage of total clinic visits delivered through televisit in the year before the index hospitalization. We compared the risk of IBD-related hospitalization by exposure to televisit-delivered care using conditional logistic regression.

RESULTS:
We identified 534 patients with an IBD-related hospitalization and 534 matched controls without an IBD-related hospitalization during the study period. Patients with IBD with a higher percentage of televisit-delivered (vs in-person) outpatient care were less likely to be hospitalized during the study period (for every 10% increase in televisit use, odds ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.94–1.00; P = 0.03).

DISCUSSION:
Televisit-delivered outpatient IBD care is not associated with higher risk of IBD-related hospitalization. These findings may reassure clinicians that televisit-delivered outpatient care is appropriate for patients with complex chronic diseases such as IBD.
Akumulasi Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) pada Air, Sedimen, dan Lamun (Thalassia hemprichii) di Pulau Kelapa Dua, Kepulauan Seribu
Authors: Triyanto Handi Cahyo , Nuraini Ria Tri Azizah , Haryanti Dwi 
Published: February 2024

Pulau Kelapa Dua yang merupakan salah satu pulau destinasi wisata yang ada di Kepulauan Seribu, banyaknya mobilitas dari aktivitas manusia seperti jalur kapal menjadi sumber masalah pencemaran logam berat Timbal (Pb). Lamun menjadi salah satu bioindikator yang berfungsi sebagai penyerap dan pengakumulasi logam berat, salah satu jenis lamun yang banyak ditemukan di perairan Pulau Kelapa Dua yaitu Thalassia hemprichii. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kandungan logam berat Timbal (Pb) pada air, sedimen, dan lamun T. hemprichii dengan menggunakan metode survei eksploratif. Analisis kandungan logam Pb menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectophotometer (AAS) dengan metode destruksi basah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa air dan lamun T. hemprcihii di Pulau Kelapa Dua sudah termasuk dalam kategori tercemar Pb berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No. 22 Tahun 2021, sedangkan pada sedimen masih dibawah baku mutu yang ditetapkan oleh ANZECC (2000). Hasil kandungan logam Pb pada air berkisar 0,53–1,22 ppm, pada sedimen berkisar 0,06–0,41 ppm, pada akar lamun berkisar 4,2–10,4 ppm, dan hasil kandungan logam Pb tertinggi ditemukan pada daun lamun berkisar 14,5–28 ppm. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, lamun T. hemprichii memiliki nilai tertinggi dalam mengakumulasikan logam berat dibandingkan sedimen dan air. Kelapa Dua Island is one of the tourists destination islands in the Kepulauan Seribu, and is heavily affected by human activities such as sea transportation that become source of heavy metal pollution problems. Seagrass is one of the bioindicators that functions as an absorber and accumulation of heavy metals. One of the most common seagrass found on Kelapa Dua Island is Thalassia hemprichii. This study was conducted to investigate the Lead (Pb) content in water, sediment, and seagrass (T. hemprichii) using explorative surveys. Lead content were analyzed using (Atomic Absorption Spectophotometer) AAS method with the use of wet destruction method. The research resulted that water and seagrass T. hemprichii on Kelapa Dua Island had already been polluted with Pb based on Indonesian Government Regulation No 22 of 2021. While the sediment are not polluted by Pb according to standards by ANZECC (2000). The result of heavy metal Pb content in the water ranging from 0,532 – 1,244 ppm, while sediment with value ranging from 0,006 – 0,41 ppm, and seagrass root scored between 4,2 – 10,4 ppm, highest level of Pb content was found on seagrass leaf with value ranging from 14,5 – 28 ppm. The results show that T. hemprichii has the highest absorption of Pb compared to sediment and water.
Status Pencemaran Habitat Berdasarkan Kelimpahan Makrozoobentos di Pulau Marongan, Rembang
Authors: Pratama Hanif Huda , Purnomo Pujiono Wahyu , Jati Oktavianto Eko 
Published: February 2024

Penggunaan makrozoobentos dikarenakan organisme ini merupakan organisme yang mudah terpengaruh dengan perubahan kualitas lingkungan karena sifat biologisnya yang menetap dan sulit menghindar pada perubahan kondisi perairan. Hal tersebut menjadikan makrozoobentos dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu indikator penting terhadap peran suatu lingkungan ekosistem perairan. Karena penggunaan makrozoobentos dengan kemampuan adaptasinya dipegunakan untuk mendukung hal tersebut karena sifat biologisnya dan kemampuan adaptasi terhadap beragam kondisi, serta faktor-faktor fisik-kimia yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas ekosistem yang berada pada perairan pulau Marongan, Rembang. Maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui klasifikasi ragam habitat yang ada, mengetahui perbedaan kelimpahan makrozoobentos pada ragam habitat dan mengetahui Status Lingkungan berdasarkan indeks biotik di pulau Marongan. Pelaksanaan penelitian pada bulan Juni 2022 di tiga stasiun yang ada di perainran Marongan. Metode yang digunakan random sampling dan purposive sampling. Tipe habitat yang ditemukan di perairan pulau marongan ditemukan habitat lamun (seagrass), pasir (sand), dan karang mati (rubble) yang didominasi lamun yang melimpah. Makrozoobentos yang ditemukan terdapat 3 Filum, 4 Kelas, 11 Family, dan juga 25 Spesies dan didominasi oleh kelas molusca dengan spesies yang mendominasi kelas gastropoda. Berdasarkan metode Ambi yang dilakukan, kawasan ini tergolong baik mendekati sedikit tercemar dengan nilai ambi rata-rata tercatat 1,17. Kelimpahan tertinggi terdapat pada stasiun I yaitu sebesar 1821 ind/m3 dan stasiun tersebut memiliki tekstur sedimen liat liat. Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kelimpahan makrozoobentos di perairan Marongan adalah bahan organik, tekstur sedimen liat, dan kedalaman.
Existence of projected solutions for quasi-variational hemivariational inequality
Authors: Guan Fei , Cen Jinxia , Chen Boling , Yao Jen-Chih 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this short article, we prove the existence of projected solutions to a class of quasi-variational hemivariational inequalities with non-self-constrained mapping, which generalizes the results of Allevi et al. (Quasi-variational problems with non-self map on Banach spaces: Existence and applications, Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl. 67 (2022), 103641, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nonrwa.2022.103641.)
Racial Bias and U.S. Presidential Candidate Preference
Authors: Zigerell Lawrence J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Much research has suggested that Republican candidates in U.S. presidential elections benefit from voter bias against non-White groups. The present study supplements this research by including in the analysis bias against Whites. Estimates from the American National Election Studies 2020 Time Series Study indicated that a nontrivial percentage of the U.S. population has a bias that disfavors Whites, with this bias more prevalent among Democrats than Republicans. Further analyses estimated the extent to which the type of voter racial bias that favors Republican presidential candidates offsets the type of voter racial bias that favors Democratic presidential candidates. Estimates for the 2020 U.S. presidential election indicated that the two-party vote share for Donald Trump was higher among voters who rated Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians/Asian-Americans equal to each other on 0-to-100 feeling thermometers than among the full population of two-party voters, suggesting that Donald Trump was disadvantaged on net by the electorate including racially biased voters. These results call into question research that has used an unrepresentative set of racial attitudes to suggest that, in recent U.S. presidential elections, only Republican candidates have benefitted from racial bias among the electorate.
Women of the Conversion Period: a biomolecular investigation of mobility in early medieval England
Authors: Hamerow Helena , Leggett Sam , Tinguely Christel , Le Roux Petrus 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTExogamous marriage alliances involving royal women played a prominent role in the conversion of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms to Christianity in the seventh century AD. Yet the large number of well-furnished female burials from this period suggests a broader change in the role of women. The authors present the results of isotopic analysis of seventh-century burials, comparing male and female mobility and the mobility of females from well-furnished versus poorly/unfurnished burials. Results suggest increased mobility during the Conversion Period that is, paradoxically, most noticeable among women buried in poorly furnished graves; their well-furnished contemporaries were more likely to have grown up near to their place of burial.
Presaccadic attention depends on eye movement direction and is related to V1 cortical magnification
Authors: Hanning Nina M. , Himmelberg Marc M. , Carrasco Marisa 
Published: February 2024

With every saccadic eye movement, humans bring new information into their fovea to be processed with high visual acuity. Notably, perception is enhanced already before a relevant item is foveated: During saccade preparation,presaccadic attentionshifts to the upcoming fixation location, which can be measured via behavioral correlates such as enhanced visual performance or modulations of sensory feature tuning. The coupling between saccadic eye movements and attention is assumed to be robust and mandatory, and considered a mechanism facilitating the integration of pre- and post-saccadic information. However, until recently it had not been investigated as a function of saccade direction. Here, we measured contrast response functions during fixation and saccade preparation in male and female observers and found that the pronounced response gain benefit typically elicited by presaccadic attention is selectively lacking before upward saccades at the group level – some observers even showed a cost. Individual observers’ sensitivity before upward saccades was negatively related to their amount of surface area in primary visual cortex representing the saccade target, suggesting a potential compensatory mechanism that optimizes the use of the limited neural resources processing the upper vertical meridian. Our results raise the question how perceptual continuity is achieved and upward saccades can be accurately targeted despite the lack of –theoretically required– presaccadic attention.Significance StatementWhen we make a saccadic eye movement to a target location in the visual field, perception improves at the saccade target, already before the eyes start moving. This benefit afforded by presaccadic attention is thought to be mandatory and independent of eye movement direction. We show that this is not the case; moving our eyes horizontally or downwards, but not upwards, enhances contrast sensitivity. At the neural level, however, humans with less V1 cortical tissue representing the target location for upwards saccades have some presaccadic enhancement. The finding that presaccadic attention is dependent upon eye movement direction challenges the view that the presaccadic benefit is automatic and mandatory in nature.