bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel evidence of a role for chromosome 1 pericentric heterochromatin in the pathogenesis of B‐cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma
Authors: Le Baccon Patricia , Leroux Dominique , Dascalescu Christina , Duley Samuel , Marais Danielle , Esmenjaud Eliane , Sotto Jean Jacques , Callanan Mary 
Published: August 2002

Abstract1q rearrangement is a remarkably frequent secondary chromosomal change in both non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM), where it is associated with tumor progression. To gain insight into 1q rearrangement‐associated disease mechanisms, we used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to search for recurring 1q breaks in 35 lymphoma samples (31 NHL patients and 4 lymphoma‐derived cell lines) as well as 22 MM patients with cytogenetically determined 1q abnormalities. Strikingly, dual‐color FISH analysis with chromosome 1 centromere and 1q12‐specific probes identified constitutive heterochromatin band 1q12 as the single most frequent breakpoint site in both NHL and MM (39% and 89% of 1q breaks, respectively). These rearrangements consistently generated aberrant heterochromatin/euchromatin junctions and gain of 1q12 material. A further 30% of NHL 1q breaks specifically involved two other novel, closely spaced sites (clusters I and II) within a 2.5 Mb region of proximal 1q21 (D1S3620 to D1S3623). A possible association between these sites and NHL subtype was evident; the cluster I rearrangement was frequent in follicular and diffuse large cell lymphoma, whereas the cluster II rearrangement was more frequently observed in diffuse small‐cell lymphoma (2/2 marginal zone lymphomas, 1/2 atypical chronic lymphocytic leukemias, and 1 lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma in this series). Candidate oncogenes bordering this interval (BCL9 and AF1Q) were not rearranged in any patient except one (AF1Q). This study provides the first evidence of involvement of 1q12 constitutive heterochromatin in the pathogenesis of NHL and MM and indicates proximal 1q21 to be of specific pathological significance in NHL. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Ohalo II prehistoric camp (19.5 Ky): New evidence for environmental and tectonic changes at the Sea of Galilee
Authors: Belitzky Shmuel , Nadel Dani 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCombined archaeological data, shore surveys, and aerial photos of submerged sediments in the Sea of Galilee provide new insights into environmental and tectonic events, their dating, and their impact on the Ohalo II prehistoric camp (ca. 19,500 yr B.P.) and its surroundings. The Ohalo II waterlogged campsite contains excellently preserved brush hut remains and other in situ features, all embedded in late Pleistocene lacustrine strata. The findings indicate relatively short occupation of the site, not more than months or several years at a time. The high quality in situ preservation of delicate organic materials, as well as the short occupation period, suggests a quick and gentle burial by fine sediments. The evident fast submergence (water level rise of the Sea of Galilee) could have been the result of climatic fluctuations towards the end of the last glaciation and/or small‐scale tectonic subsidence. The site is located on a tectonic block formed in the western fault belt of the Dead Sea Rift. We present new evidence of post‐occupational folding of the late Pleistocene strata and recent tilting and faulting. A westward tectonic tilt may have caused the blockage of the old Jordan River outlet after A. D. 1106. Excellent preservation of the fault traces to the east of the site is attributed to the young age of the displacement on the fault. The last displacement apparently post‐dates the blockage of the old Jordan River. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Embryonic expression of an Nkx2‐5/Cre gene using ROSA26 reporter mice
Authors: Moses Kelvin A. , DeMayo Franco , Braun Renee M. , Reecy James L. , Schwartz Robert J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSummary: Nkx2‐5, one of the earliest cardiac‐specific markers in vertebrate embryos, was used as a genetic locus to knock in the Cre recombinase gene by homologous recombination. Offspring resulting from heterozygous Nkx2‐5/Cre mice mated to ROSA26 (R26R) reporter mice provided a model system for following Nkx2‐5 gene activity by β‐galactosidase (β‐gal) activity. β‐gal activity was initially observed in the early cardiac crescent, cardiomyocytes of the looping heart tube, and in the epithelium of the first pharyngeal arch. In later stage embryos (10.5–13.5 days postcoitum, dpc), β‐gal activity was observed in the stomach and spleen, the dorsum of the tongue, and in the condensing primordium of the tooth. The Nkx2‐5/Cre mouse model should provide a useful genetic resource to elucidate the role of loxP manipulated genetic targets in cardiogenesis and other developmental processes. genesis 31:176–180, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mimosine prevents the death of glucose‐deprived immunostimulated astrocytes by scavenging peroxynitrite
Authors: Choi Jung‐Jin , Oh Yu‐Kyoung , Kim Hyun‐Soo , Kim Hyoung‐Chun , Ko Kwang Ho , Kim Won‐Ki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractImmunostimulated astrocytes become highly vulnerable to glucose deprivation (Choi and Kim: J Neurosci Res 54:870–875, 1998a). The increased vulnerability is caused by the enhanced level of peroxynitrite endogenously produced in glucose‐deprived immunostimulated astrocytes. In the present study, we report that the plant amino acid mimosine can attenuate the increased death by scavenging peroxynitrite. Treatment with mimosine blocked the increase of nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity, a marker of peroxynitrite, in glucose‐deprived immunostimulated astrocytes. Furthermore, mimosine directly inhibited the nitration of tyrosine residues of bovine serum albumin and the oxidation of dihydrorhodamine‐123 to rhodamine‐123 by peroxynitrite. Mimosine has been used experimentally as a cell cycle G1/S phase transition blocker (Lalande: Exp Cell Res 186:332–339, 1990; Hoffman et al.: Cytometry 12:26–32, 1991). Flow cytometry analysis, however, showed that the cytoprotective effect of mimosine was not attributed to its inhibition of cell cycle progression. Furthermore, under our experimental conditions, mimosine did not alter the levels of cell cycle regulatory proteins, including p21WAF1/CIP1, cyclins D1 and E, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. In addition, cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors olomoucine and roscovitine did not block the increased death. These results indicate that mimosine inhibits the augmented death of glucose‐deprived immunostimulated astrocytes by scavenging peroxynitrite rather than suppressing the cell cycle progression. GLIA 39:37–46, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for possible interactions between PLP and DM20 within the myelin sheath
Authors: McLaughlin M. , Hunter D.J.B. , Thomson C.E. , Yool D. , Kirkham D. , Freer A.A. , Griffiths I.R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPLP and its smaller DM20 isoform constitute the major proteins of CNS myelin. Previous studies indicated a role for the proteins in maintaining the intraperiod line of the myelin sheath and the integrity of axons and suggested that both isoforms were necessary to provide these functions. The present study shows that each isoform is capable individually of inserting into compact myelin. Employing chromatographic extraction procedures designed to maintain the natural conformation of the proteins we found that most PLP and DM20 remained associated. Using an antibody specific to the PLP isoform, we were able to co‐immunoprecipitate DM20 from the major fraction of the extracted equine myelin and from mouse native whole myelin. We suggest that PLP and DM20 may form a hetero‐oligomeric complex within the myelin sheath, probably in association with specific lipids and that this arrangement is essential for the normal structure of myelin and axons. GLIA 39:31–36, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Depression in Singapore: failure to demonstrate an age effect on clinical features
Authors: Tan L.L. , Ng L.L. , Tan S. , Roy K. , Brodaty H. , Parker G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectivesStudies comparing older and younger depressed patients have variably identified differing and similar clinical feature patterns, an inconsistency requiring clarification and explanation. If influential, age may have a true phenotypic effect or be a secondary influence reflecting depressive sub‐type differences. If age is primarily influential, then, after controlling for depressive sub‐type differences its effect should impact on clinical features — even in non‐western regions.MethodsWe therefore undertook a study in Singapore, comparing 42 elderly and 28 younger patients of a Singapore psychiatric hospital, and with the diagnostic sub‐type profile similar across the age‐based groups.ResultsDespite the elderly group being some 35 years older, both at first episode and when surveyed, and having a distinctly higher rate of physical disorders, few clinical differences were identified. While the elderly group reported a less severe depressed mood and more ‘somatic’ symptoms, analyses indicated that such differences were accounted for by education and language factors, and were compatible with the view that Chinese subjects historically report depression more ‘somatically’.ConclusionWe conclude that, in a non‐western, largely Chinese sample of depressed patients, few differences in the phenotypic expression of depression were identified, perhaps reflecting similar distributions of depressive sub‐types across the groups, an issue which may have muddied interpretation of western studies. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primary hyperparathyroidism in an elderly woman: surgical reversibility of profound mental state problems due to mild hypercalcaemia
Authors: Ann McDonald C. , Bruce David G. , Smith David J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundClinical case of primary hyperparathyroidism in an 89 year old woman causing profound neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with relatively mild increases in serum calcium levels.ObjectivesTo demonstrate that lowering of serum calcium levels by medical treatment (biphosphonate), provided a scientific basis from which to treat a very elderly woman with neuropsychiatric symptoms with definitive surgery.MethodCase report.ResultsThe use of biphosphonate therapy led to marked but temporary improvements in her mental state.ConclusionA trial of reducing serum calcium levels with biphosphonate appears to be indicated in elderly patients with mild primary hyperparathyroidism and neuropsychiatric disorders. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Re‐operation for bleeding after thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Dubner Sanford , Heller Keith S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThis study was undertaken to determine the frequency and timing of re‐operation for bleeding following thyroidectomy (THY) and parathyroidectomy (PARA) as well as the implications of this concerning the safety of ambulatory surgery.MethodsPatients requiring re‐operation after THY and PARA were identified from a computerized database of patients undergoing surgery between 3/l/95 and 12/31/99. The medical records of these patients were reviewed in detail.ResultsSix of 918 THY (0.7%) and 4 of 350 PARA (1.1%) required re‐operation for bleeding. In two cases the wounds were opened emergently at the bedside due to worsening airway obstruction. One patient required an emergency tracheostomy. There were no deaths. Excluding one patient who bled five days post‐operatively, the time interval from the completion of surgery to the identification of postoperative hematoma ranged from 2 to 48 hours, the median being 16 hours.ConclusionsPostoperative bleeding is an uncommon but unavoidable complication of THY and PARA. If treated promptly, serious consequences can be avoided. The relatively long interval between the initial operation and the development of the hematoma needs to be considered when recommending the performance of these procedures on an ambulatory basis. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 544–546, 2001.
Impact of spatial variations of land surface parameters on regional evaporation: a case study with remote sensing data
Authors: Farah Hussein O. , Bastiaanssen Wim G. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMost precipitation in watersheds is consumed by evaporation, thus techniques to appraise regional evaporation are important to assess the availability of water resources. Many algorithms to estimate evaporation from remotely sensed spectral data have been developed in the recent past. In addition to differences in the physical parameterization of surface fluxes, these algorithms have different solutions for describing spatial variations of the parameters in the soil–vegetation–atmosphere–transfer (SVAT) continuum. In this study, the necessity to spatially distinguish SVAT parameters for computing surface heat fluxes is analysed for the Naivasha watershed in the Kenyan Rift Valley. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) spectral data have been used to first delineate the watershed into 15 hydrological units using surface temperature, normalized difference vegetation index and surface albedo as attributes. Thereafter, semi‐empirical relationships between these TM‐based parameters and other SVAT parameters have been applied to compute the spatial variation of SVAT parameters and the associated evaporation from the different hydrological units. The impact of using watershed‐constant or watershed‐distributed SVAT parameters on the fluxes is analysed. The determination of watershed averaged evaporation with area‐aggregated SVAT parameters is feasible without significant loss of accuracy. Distributed evaporation in heterogeneous watersheds, however, can be investigated only with remote sensing flux algorithms that can account for spatially variable air temperature, surface roughness, surface albedo and the stability correction of the temperature profile due to buoyancy. Erroneous results can be expected if area‐aggregated SVAT parameters are used to calculate local evaporation. As most of the recently developed remote sensing flux algorithms are based on areal constant SVAT parameters, direct applications in watersheds are still limited. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geophysical surveys for identifying saline groundwater in the semi‐arid region of the central Altiplano, Bolivia
Authors: Guérin Roger , Descloitres Marc , Coudrain Anne , Talbi Amal , Gallaire Robert 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the central part of the Bolivian Altiplano, the shallow groundwater presents electrical conductivities ranging from 0·1 to 20 mS/cm. In order to study the origin of this salinity pattern, a good knowledge is required of the geometry of the aquifer at depth. In this study, geophysics has been used to complement the sparse data available from drill holes. One hundred time‐domain electromagnetic (TDEM) soundings were carried out over an area of 1750 km2. About 20 geological logs were available close to some of the TDEM soundings. Three intermediate results were obtained from the combined data: (i) the relationship between the electrical conductivity of the groundwater and the formation resistivity, (ii) geoelectrical cross‐sections and (iii) geoelectrical maps at various depths. The limited data set shows a relationship between resistivity and the nature of the rock. From the cross‐sections, a conductive substratum with a resistivity of less than 1 Ω·m was identified at most of the sites at depths ranging from 50 to 350 m. This substratum could be a clay‐rich formation containing brines. Using derived relationships, maps of the nature of the formation (sandy, intermediate and clayey sediments) were established at depths of 10 and 50 m. Discrimination between sand and clays was impossible where groundwater conductivity is high (>3 mS/cm). In the central part of the area, where the groundwater conductivity is low, sandy sediments are likely to be present from the surface to a depth of more than 200 m. Clayey sediments are more likely to be present in the south‐east and probably constitute a hydraulic barrier to groundwater flow. In conclusion, the study demonstrates the efficiency of the TDEM sounding method to map conductive zones. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nutrient cycling associated with the seagrass Halophila ovalis in the Swan–Canning Estuary based on seasonal variations in biomass and tissue nutrients
Authors: Connell E. L. , Walker D. I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHalophila ovalis occupies about 20% (461 ha) of the Swan–Canning Estuary. To assess the role of this plant in the biogeochemical cycling of the estuary, its biomass, nutrient dynamics and oxygen release from its roots to the sediment were investigated. This paper describes a conceptual model developed to extrapolate these findings to the whole estuary.The model follows changes in H. ovalis meadows in the Swan–Canning Estuary on a seasonal basis over an annual cycle. Total maximum seagrass biomass was estimated as 346 t dry weight (DW) in summer, declining in winter. In spring, although H. ovalis biomass did not increase, tissue nutrient concentrations were higher when external nutrient concentrations were high. From spring to summer, when external nutrient concentrations in the water column were severely depleted, shoot to root–rhizome biomass ratios changed from 1 : 1 in winter to 1 : 1·5 in summer. Plant tissue nutrients also decreased in root–rhizomes and increased in shoots, indicating an allocation of internal nutrient resources to the shoots for growth. Despite depletion of nitrogen in the water column, ammonium was still available in the sediment. Ammonium concentrations in the sediment porewater decreased in summer, suggesting H. ovalis meadows were a sink for ammonium. With an increase in biomass in summer, including the density of roots, oxygen release from H. ovalis roots subsequently increased. H. ovalis meadows act as a substantial sink for nutrients in the Swan–Canning Estuary in spring and summer. In winter, when there are large losses of plant biomass, H. ovalis meadows become a source of nutrients to the estuary. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overexpression of BclXL in a human ovarian carcinoma cell line: Paradoxic effects on chemosensitivity in vitro versus in vivo
Authors: Rogers Paul M. , Beale Philip J. , Al‐Moundhri Mansour , Boxall Frances , Patterson Lisa , Valenti Melanie , Raynaud Florence , Hobbs Steve , Johnston Stephen , Kelland Lloyd R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effect of overexpressing the antiapoptotic protein BclXL in a human ovarian carcinoma cell line has been investigated in terms of sensitivity to the 2 major drugs used to treat this disease, paclitaxel and cisplatin. Stable transfection of BclXL into CH1 cells, which are relatively sensitive to cisplatin, resulted in around 2.7‐fold higher expression in comparison with empty vector controls. However, this level of overexpression did not result in significant resistance in vitro to paclitaxel or cisplatin at the 50% inhibition level, using either short‐term (4‐day) growth inhibition or longer term colony‐forming assays. By contrast, parallel subcutaneous xenograft models of these isogenic ovarian carcinoma cells in vivo, differing only in BclXL status, showed that this low‐level BclXL overexpression conferred significant resistance to both paclitaxel and cisplatin in comparison with parent, nontransfected tumours. Whereas parent non‐BclXL transfected tumours were highly responsive, with the disappearance of tumours for at least 50 days post treatment, tumours overexpressing BclXL grew back after 30 and 20 days after treatment with paclitaxel and cisplatin, respectively. These differences in responsiveness to paclitaxel in vivo were not attributable to any significant changes in the delivery of drug to the tumour. These data suggest that the responsiveness of ovarian cancer to paclitaxel and cisplatin in vivo, and therefore perhaps clinically, is influenced by levels of the antiapoptotic protein BclXL. Such effects may be missed in vitro when using short‐term growth inhibition or clonogenic assays. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations among breast cancer patients from the Philippines
Authors: De Leon Matsuda Maria Lourdes , Liede Alexander , Kwan Elaine , Mapua Cynthia A. , Cutiongco Eva Maria C. , Tan Alex , Borg Åke , Narod Steven A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAge‐adjusted incidence rates of breast cancer vary more than 10‐fold worldwide, with the highest rates reported in North America and Europe. The highest breast cancer incidence rates in Southeast Asia have been reported for the Manila Cancer Registry in the Philippines, with an age‐standardized rate of 47.7 per 100,000 per year. The possible contribution of hereditary factors to these elevated rates has not been investigated. We conducted a case‐control study of 294 unselected incident breast cancer cases and 346 female controls from Manila, Philippines. Cases and controls were selected from women below the age of 65 undergoing evaluation at the PGH in Manila because of a suspicious breast mass. Molecular analysis identified 12 BRCA2 mutations and 3 BRCA1 mutations. We estimate the prevalence of BRCA mutations among unselected breast cancer cases in the Philippines to be 5.1% (95% CI: 2.6–7.6%), with a prevalence of 4.1% (95% CI: 1.8–6.4%) for BRCA2 mutations alone. The BRCA2 4265delCT and 4859delA mutations were found in 2 and 4 unrelated cases, respectively; haplotype analysis confirmed that these, and the BRCA1 5454delC mutation, are founder mutations. BRCA2 mutations were also found in 2 of 346 controls (0.6%; 95% CI: 0.2–1.4%). Compared with non‐carrier cases, the cumulative risk of breast cancer for first‐degree relatives of mutation carriers was 24.3% to age 50, compared with <4% for first‐degree relatives of non‐carrier cases (RR = 6.6; 95% CI: 2.6–17.2; p= 7.5 × 10−6). Our data suggest that penetrance of BRCA mutations is not reduced in the Philippines. Germline mutations in the BRCA2 gene contribute more than mutations BRCA1 to breast cancer in the Philippines, due in large part to the presence of 2 common founder mutations. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.