bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of patient characteristics and insurance type with anti‐obesity medications prescribing and fills
Authors: Gasoyan Hamlet , Pfoh Elizabeth R. , Schulte Rebecca , Sullivan Erin , Le Phuc , Rothberg Michael B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimTo characterize factors associated with the receipt of anti‐obesity medication (AOM) prescription and fill.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used electronic health records from 1 January 2015 to 30 June 2023, in a large health system in Ohio and Florida. Adults with a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 who attended ≥1 weight‐management programme or had an initial AOM prescription between 1 July 2015 and 31 December 2022, were included. The main measures were a prescription for an AOM (naltrexone‐bupropion, orlistat, phentermine‐topiramate, liraglutide 3.0 mg and semaglutide 2.4 mg) and an AOM fill during the study follow‐up.ResultsWe identified 50 678 adults, with a mean body mass index of 38 ± 8 kg/m2 and follow‐up of 4.7 ± 2.4 years. Only 8.0% of the cohort had AOM prescriptions and 4.4% had filled prescriptions. In the multivariable analyses, being a man, Black, Hispanic and other race/ethnicity (vs. White), Medicaid, traditional Medicare, Medicare Advantage, self‐pay and other insurance types (vs. private insurance) and fourth quartile of the area deprivation index (vs. first quartile) were associated with lower odds of a new prescription. Hispanic ethnicity, being a man, Medicaid, traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage insurance types, liraglutide and orlistat (vs. naltrexone‐buproprion) were associated with lower odds of AOM fill, while phentermine‐topiramate was associated with higher odds. Among privately insured individuals, the insurance carrier was associated with both the odds of AOM prescription and fill.ConclusionsSignificant disparities exist in access to AOM both at the prescribing stage and getting the prescription filled based on patient characteristics and insurance type.
Support system for village teachers’ professional development
Authors: Zhou Cong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the proposed work, studies of supporting rural teachers were analysed and the main directions of professional self‐development of a village teacher were identified. The program aims to assist village teachers in professional self‐development. A program to support the self‐development of rural teachers was proposed, which was experimentally tested on 246 teachers in primary and secondary schools in Hebei and Shandong provinces (China). The results of the application of the program were determined using a survey to identify the development of various components of the professional development of teachers themselves. The objective results of an increase in the academic success of students were also checked. These data show the effectiveness of the program we have developed in improving all components of the professional development of teachers and the possibility of its application to a large audience of teachers in rural areas. The practical significance of this work is the possibility of applying the proposed system of support for the self‐development of teachers. The practical application of the study is to further develop and actualize the issue of the connection between the academic and professional performance of students in schools and the level of creative thinking of teachers in rural areas.
MxML (Exploring the Relationship between Measurement and Machine Learning): Current State of the Field
Authors: Zheng Yi , Nydick Steven , Huang Sijia , Zhang Susu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe recent surge of machine learning (ML) has impacted many disciplines, including educational and psychological measurement (hereafter shortened as measurement). The measurement literature has seen rapid growth in applications of ML to solve measurement problems. However, as we emphasize in this article, it is imperative to critically examine the potential risks associated with involving ML in measurement. The MxML project aims to explore the relationship between measurement and ML, so as to identify and address the risks and better harness the power of ML to serve measurement missions. This paper describes the first study of the MxML project, in which we summarize the state of the field of applications, extensions, and discussions about ML in measurement contexts with a systematic review of the recent 10 years’ literature. We provide a snapshot of the literature in (1) areas of measurement where ML is discussed, (2) types of articles (e.g., applications, conceptual, etc.), (3) ML methods discussed, and (4) potential risks associated with involving ML in measurement, which result from the differences between what measurement tasks need versus what ML techniques can provide.
EEG microstates show different features in focal epilepsy and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures
Authors: Kučikienė Domantė , Rajkumar Ravichandran , Timpte Katharina , Heckelmann Jan , Neuner Irene , Weber Yvonne , Wolking Stefan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveElectroencephalography (EEG) microstate analysis seeks to cluster the scalp's electric field into semistable topographical EEG activity maps at different time points. Our study aimed to investigate the features of EEG microstates in subjects with focal epilepsy and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES).MethodsWe included 62 adult subjects with focal epilepsy or PNES who received video‐EEG monitoring at the epilepsy monitoring unit. The subjects (mean age = 42.8 ± 21.2 years) were distributed equally between epilepsy and PNES groups. We extracted microstates from a 4.4 ± 1.0‐min, 21‐channel resting‐state EEG. We excluded subjects with interictal epileptiform discharges during resting‐state EEGs. After preprocessing, we derived five main EEG microstates—MS1 to MS5—for the full frequency band (1–30 Hz) and frequency subbands (delta, 1–4 Hz; theta, 4–8 Hz; alpha, 8–12 Hz; beta, 12–30 Hz), using the MATLAB‐based EEGLAB toolkit. Statistical features of microstates (duration, occurrence, contribution, global field power [GFP]) were compared between the groups, using logistic regression corrected for age and sex.ResultsWe detected no differences in microstate parameters in the full frequency band. We found a longer duration (delta: B = −7.680, p = .046; theta: B = −16.200, p = .043) and a higher contribution (delta: B = −7.414, p = .035; theta: B = −7.509, p = .031) of MS4 in lower frequency bands in the epilepsy group. The PNES group showed a higher occurrence of MS5 in the delta subband (B = 3.283, p = .032). In the theta subband, a higher GFP of MS1 was associated with the PNES group (B = 5.674, p = .025), whereas a higher GFP of MS2 was associated with the epilepsy group (B = −6.579, p = .026).SignificanceMicrostate features show differences between patients with focal epilepsy and PNES. EEG microstates could be a promising parameter, helping to understand changes in brain dynamics in subjects with epilepsy, and should be explored as a potential biomarker.
Compositional, functional and rheological characterisation of peanut oils influenced by ozonation, roasting and combination process
Authors: Kaur Gurjeet , Sidhu Gagandeep Kaur , Kaur Jaspreet , Singla Mohit 
Published: January 2024

SummaryAs peanuts are prone to fungal attack, techniques like ozonation and heat treatment hold enormous potential. Peanut oil, being health‐healthy, was extracted from O1: control, O2: roasted (166 °C for 7 min), O3: ozonated (6 mg L−1 for 30 min), and O4: ozonated + roasted peanuts and analysed for chemical, colour, phenolic, fatty acids and rheological properties. Roasting significantly affected peroxide, iodine, acid, p‐anisidine values and stability of oils as compared to other treatments. The results indicated a decline in colour attributes of all oils except hue angle which were strongly correlated to increased levels of functional compounds expressed by third‐degree polynomial. O4 oil indicated best quality in terms of high atherogenic, thrombogenic, calculated oxidisability value and low hypocholesterolaemic: hypercholesterolaemic indices of fatty acid. Oils exhibited pseudoplasticity postulated by Ostwald‐de Waele and Herschel–Bulkley models. Arrhenius equation and oscillatory rheology predicted temperature dependency and crystal matrix behaviour. Overall, the O4 oils followed by O3 from ozonated peanuts individually and along with roasting are pivotal to cater the rising demands of oils due to their better appearance, fatty acids and rheology.
Medical Emergency Team call within 24 h of medical admission with a focus on sepsis: a retrospective review
Authors: Nolan James , Mackay Ian , Nolan Timothy , de Looze Julian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsClinical deterioration within the first 24 h of patient admission triggering a Medical Emergency Team (MET) call is a common occurrence. A greater understanding of these events, with a focus on the recognition and management of sepsis, could lead to quality improvement interventions.MethodsA retrospective observational review of general and subspecialty medical admissions triggering a MET call within 24 h of admission at a quaternary Australian hospital.Results2648 MET calls occurred (47.9/1000 admissions), 527 (20% of total MET events, 9.5/1000 admissions) within 24 h of admission, with the trigger more likely to be hypotension (odds ratio: 1.5, P = 0.0013). There were 263 MET calls to 217 individual medical patients within 24 h of admission, of which 84 (38.7%) were admitted with suspected infection, 69% of which fulfilled sepsis criteria. Of these, 36.2% received antimicrobial therapy within the recommended timeframe and 39.6% received antibiotics in line with hospital guidelines. Sepsis was initially missed in 11% of patients. Afferent limb failure occurred in 29% of patients with 40.5% experiencing a failure of the ward‐based response to deterioration prior to MET call. Median hospital length of stay was increased in patients admitted with suspected infection (7 vs 5 days, P = 0.015) and in those with sepsis not receiving antimicrobial therapy within guideline timeframes (9 vs 4 days, P = 0.017).ConclusionThere is a significant opportunity to improve care for patients who trigger a MET within 24 h of admission. This study supports the implementation of a hospital sepsis management guideline.
Shake it or light it! The effects of cueing in desktop‐VR learning environments on search time and learning
Authors: Decker Daniela , Merkt Martin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundVirtual reality (VR) offers much potential for learning, but it challenges learners' orientation.ObjectivesThis paper investigates whether it is possible to use light or movement cues to facilitate orientation in a search task in a desktop‐VR environment so that participants can better attend to the learning content presented simultaneously.MethodsIn two pre‐registered online experiments, we investigated the effects of cueing (light and movement) on search time, learning, and several evaluation variables. Participants were asked to find tools in a virtual workshop, while information about the respective tool was narrated. Experiment 1 (N = 60) used a within‐subject design, that is, the objects were alternately highlighted by light, movement or not. For Experiment 2 (N = 159) the narration was substantially shortened, and a between‐subject design was used. Cognitive load and presence were measured additionally.Results and conclusionsIn Experiment 1, only the movement cue decreased search time, indicating automatic guidance of learners' attention. There was no effect of cueing on learning, which may be due to the average search time being substantially shorter than the narration, leaving sufficient time to attend to the narration exclusively. In Experiment 2 search times were significantly faster for both cueing methods, but only the light cue resulted in better learning outcomes, which could be explained by the slightly lower presence in the movement cue condition.ImplicationsResults imply that it is important to develop cues that automatically guide attention without reducing presence.
Reduced prosocial motivation and effort in adolescents with conduct problems and callous‐unemotional traits
Authors: Gaule Anne , Martin Peter , Lockwood Patricia L. , Cutler Jo , Apps Matthew , Roberts Ruth , Phillips Harriet , Brown Katie , McCrory Eamon J. , Viding Essi 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundProsocial behaviours – acts that benefit others – are of crucial importance for many species including humans. However, adolescents with conduct problems (CP), unlike their typically developing (TD) peers, demonstrate markedly reduced engagement in prosocial behaviours. This pattern is particularly pronounced in adolescents with CP and high levels of callous‐unemotional traits (CP/HCU) who are at increased risk of developing psychopathy in adulthood. While a substantial amount of research has investigated the cognitive‐affective mechanisms thought to underlie antisocial behaviour, much less is known about the mechanisms that could explain reduced prosocial behaviours in adolescents with CP.MethodsHere we examined the willingness to exert effort to benefit oneself (self) and another person (other, prosocial condition) in children with CP/HCU, CP and lower levels of CU traits (CP/LCU) and their TD peers. The task captured both prosocial choices, and actual effort exerted following prosocial choices, in adolescent boys aged 11–16 (27 CP/HCU; 34 CP/LCU; 33 TD). We used computational modelling to reveal the mechanistic processes involved when choosing prosocial acts.ResultsWe found that both CP/HCU and CP/LCU groups were more averse to initiating effortful prosocial acts than TD adolescents – both at a cognitive and at a behavioural level. Strikingly, even if they chose to initiate a prosocial act, the CP/HCU group exerted less effort following this prosocial choice than other groups.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that reduced exertion of effort to benefit others may be an important factor that differentiates adolescents with CP/HCU from their peers with CP/LCU. They offer new insights into what might drive low prosocial behaviour in adolescents with CP, including vulnerabilities that may particularly characterise those with high levels of CU traits.
Large‐scale proteomics in the first trimester of pregnancy predict psychopathology and temperament in preschool children: an exploratory study
Authors: Buthmann Jessica L. , Miller Jonas G. , Aghaeepour Nima , King Lucy S. , Stevenson David K. , Shaw Gary M. , Wong Ronald J. , Gotlib Ian H. 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundUnderstanding the prenatal origins of children's psychopathology is a fundamental goal in developmental and clinical science. Recent research suggests that inflammation during pregnancy can trigger a cascade of fetal programming changes that contribute to vulnerability for the emergence of psychopathology. Most studies, however, have focused on a handful of proinflammatory cytokines and have not explored a range of prenatal biological pathways that may be involved in increasing postnatal risk for emotional and behavioral difficulties.MethodsUsing extreme gradient boosted machine learning models, we explored large‐scale proteomics, considering over 1,000 proteins from first trimester blood samples, to predict behavior in early childhood. Mothers reported on their 3‐ to 5‐year‐old children's (N = 89, 51% female) temperament (Child Behavior Questionnaire) and psychopathology (Child Behavior Checklist).ResultsWe found that machine learning models of prenatal proteomics predict 5%–10% of the variance in children's sadness, perceptual sensitivity, attention problems, and emotional reactivity. Enrichment analyses identified immune function, nervous system development, and cell signaling pathways as being particularly important in predicting children's outcomes.ConclusionsOur findings, though exploratory, suggest processes in early pregnancy that are related to functioning in early childhood. Predictive features included far more proteins than have been considered in prior work. Specifically, proteins implicated in inflammation, in the development of the central nervous system, and in key cell‐signaling pathways were enriched in relation to child temperament and psychopathology measures.
Surgery‐first in interdisciplinary class II cases
Authors: Cascales Raúl Ferrando , Casolari Francesca , Hernández‐Alfaro Federico , Berdugo Mayra Lucero , Cascales Álvaro Ferrando 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo present an interdisciplinary case treated with a surgery‐first orthognathic approach, followed by orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment.Clinical ConsiderationsAfter an accurate pre‐operative virtual planning, a young patient with skeletal class II, retrognathia, and an anterior open bite was treated with bimaxillary orthognathic surgery without pre‐surgical orthodontic decompensation. Orthodontic treatment was carried out post‐operatively. The treatment was completed with a prosthodontic phase to improve the final esthetic outcome of the smile.ConclusionsA surgery‐first approach allowed to achieve esthetic and functional results in a reduced treatment duration that remained stable over the course of 1 year. The outcomes were consistent with prior research in terms of advantages brought by following an accurately planned surgery‐first protocol. Nevertheless, longer‐term follow‐up was required to evaluate the treatment stability.Clinical SignificanceAn accurately planned surgery‐first approach significantly helped in shortening the duration of the treatment, while providing a stable, functional, and esthetic solution to the patient's problems.
Enhancing corporate governance quality through mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Hussain Tanveer , Kryzanowski Lawrence , Loureiro Gilberto , Sufyan Muhammad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study examines whether the pre‐deal target‐bidder firm governance gap affects the bidder's postdeal change in governance quality. We estimate cross‐sectional regressions using mergers and acquisitions from 2004 to 2016. We find that the bidder's firm‐level governance improves for acquisitions where the target's governance quality is better than that of the bidder preacquisition. We attribute the results to reverse portability, suggesting that the predeal governance gap creates space for governance transfer, and bidders can adopt better governance of targets after the acquisition. Board independence, audit committee independence, CEO‐Chairman separation, stock compensation, and equal treatment of minority shareholders serve as potential channels to demonstrate the bidder's higher governance after the acquisition. Our findings also reveal that bidders with governance improvement are also associated with higher operating performance. We extend the portability theory of Ellis et al. (2017) and suggest that governance can also travel from targets to bidders through mergers and acquisitions.
School Safety and Mental Health Awareness: Recommendations from K‐12 Texas Public School Teachers
Authors: Gaal Susanne R. , Fuller Matthew B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundMass school shootings have created fear in the American public. The results of this fear have been the hardening of schools, lockdowns, and active shooter drills, yet the mass shootings have not ended. The goal of this study was to analyze the mental health awareness of K‐12 public schools teachers in Texas with a goal to identify the connections between mental health awareness and school safety.MethodsData were used from an archival database of K‐12 teacher responses in the 2020 Texas Educators' Needs Assessment Regarding School Safety and Victims Services to assess the current state of student mental health concerns and the connection of these concerns to school safety. This needs assessment included one mixed methods survey that was collected from Texas K‐12 educators and Texas educators working in higher education in 2020. The original study included 25,161 usable responses (6.1%). For the purpose of this study, only K‐12 teacher responses were used in the analysis. The K‐12 teacher participants (n = 19,888) included the following institutional levels: (a) special setting, 2,919 (14.7%); (b) elementary school, 6,813 (34.3%); (c) middle/intermediate school, 4,189 (21.1%); (d) high school, 5,864 (29.5%); and (e) district level, 103 (0.5%). A total of 8,053 participant's qualitative responses and 10 of the original quantitative survey questions from the archival data were used to identify all findings in the study.ResultsCollected qualitative and quantitative participant responses' outlined a need to improve student mental health by strengthening the focus on supporting all stakeholders (e.g., teachers, parents, counselors, and students) in mental health awareness and education. Participant comments focused on the lack of training, counselor support, and community support regarding the mental health needs of their students.ConclusionRecommendations to improve student mental health that were developed from this study identified key goals in school counselor role and responsibility to student mental health, increased involvement of community agencies, and improvement to in‐school mental health counseling. Final recommendations of this study were focused on the need to improve student mental health if stakeholders want to develop a positive school environment. The failure to build an environment that is focused on student mental health will continue to affect the goal to improve overall school safety.
Cutting‐edge technologies for detecting and controlling fish diseases: Current status, outlook, and challenges
Authors: Islam Sk Injamamul , Ahammad Foysal , Mohammed Haitham 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAquaculture is now the main source of seafood in human diets and is one of its fastest‐growing industries worldwide. However, the industry is facing several difficulties, including infectious diseases, the most significant limiting factor for aquaculture expansion. The impact of diseases on aquaculture growth, fecundity, mortality rates, and marketability is profound. Hence, the ability to predict disease outbreaks is crucial to overcoming these challenges. Various infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites can cause significant losses of fish in intensive aquaculture practices. In an aquaculture environment, the high host density coupled with restricted water flow promotes pathogen spread. Early detection of disease is crucial for farmers as mortality rates can reach as high as 100% if left untreated. Therefore, new techniques and technical solutions for disease management in aquaculture are required. In this context, data analytics technologies, such as internet of things (IoT) sensors, artificial intelligence, and machine learning, allow farmers to proactively monitor their farms and detect potential disease outbreaks before they strike. Here, we highlighted the potential of machine learning algorithms in early pathogen detection and the possibilities of intelligent aquaculture in controlling disease outbreaks at the farm level. IoT is currently a popular study topic for smarter and sustainable aquaculture, as seen by the growing interest and broad overall assumptions. Therefore, this review aims to provide comprehensive information on the various aspects and challenges associated with modern technologies for controlling pathogenic microorganisms, as well as the potential benefits of using the IoT to improve fish health and welfare in aquaculture.