bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy Clustering by Hyperbolic Smoothing
Authors: Masís David , Segura Esteban , Trejos Javier , Xavier Adilson 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe propose a novel method for building fuzzy clusters of large data sets,using a smoothing numerical approach. The usual sum-of-squares criterion is relaxed so the search for good fuzzy partitions is made on a continuous space, rather than a combinatorial space as in classical methods [8]. The smoothing allows a conversion from a strongly non-differentiable problem into differentiable subproblems of optimization without constraints of low dimension, by using a differentiable function of infinite class. For the implementation of the algorithm, we used the statistical softwareRand the results obtained were compared to the traditional fuzzyC–means method, proposed by Bezdek [1].
Emotion Classification Based on Single Electrode Brain Data: Applications for Assistive Technology
Authors: Rodrigues Duarte , Reis Luis Paulo , Faria Brígida Mónica 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis research case focused on the development of an emotion classification system aimed to be integrated in projects committed to improve assistive technologies. An experimental protocol was designed to acquire an electroencephalogram (EEG) signal that translated a certain emotional state. To trigger this stimulus, a set of clips were retrieved from an extensive database of pre-labeled videos. Then, the signals were properly processed, in order to extract valuable features and patterns to train the machine and deep learning models. There were suggested 3 hypotheses for classification: recognition of 6 core emotions; distinguishing between 2 different emotions and recognising if the individual was being directly stimulated or merely processing the emotion. Results showed that the first classification task was a challenging one, because of sample size limitation. Nevertheless, good results were achieved in the second and third case scenarios (70% and 97% accuracy scores, respectively) through the application of a recurrent neural network.
On Parsimonious Modelling via Matrix-Variate t Mixtures
Authors: Tomarchio Salvatore D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMixture models for matrix-variate data have becoming more and more popular in the most recent years. One issue of these models is the potentially high number of parameters. To address this concern, parsimonious mixtures of matrixvariate normal distributions have been recently introduced in the literature. However, when data contains groups of observations with longer-than-normal tails or atypical observations, the use of the matrix-variate normal distribution for the mixture components may affect the fitting of the resulting model. Therefore, we consider a more robust approach based on the matrix-variate C distribution for modeling the mixture components. To introduce parsimony, we use the eigen-decomposition of the components scale matrices and we allow the degrees of freedom to be equal across groups. This produces a family of 196 parsimonious matrix-variate C mixture models. Parameter estimation is obtained by using an AECM algorithm. The use of our parsimonious models is illustrated via a real data application, where parsimonious matrix-variate normal mixtures are also fitted for comparison purposes.
Stability of Mixed-Type Cluster Partitions for Determination of the Number of Clusters
Authors: Aschenbruck Rabea , Szepannek Gero , Wilhelm Adalbert F. X. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFor partitioning clustering methods, the number of clusters has to be determined in advance. One approach to deal with this issue are stability indices. In this paper several stability-based validation methods are investigated with regard to the k-prototypes algorithm for mixed-type data. The stability-based approaches are compared to common validation indices in a comprehensive simulation study in order to analyze preferability as a function of the underlying data generating process.
Gender Equality, Climate Action, and Technological Innovation for Sustainable Development in Africa: A Background
Authors: Adeola Ogechi , Evans Olaniyi , Ngare Innocent 
Published: December 2023

AbstractKey among the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is the commitment to combat the global impact of climate change. An increase in the death toll and property loss due to floods, drought, and devastating storms across Africa are all linked to changing climatic conditions. This chapter sets the background for discussions in the book, which focuses on the interplay of gender, climate change, and innovative technologies. Concepts related to climate mitigation, adaptation, sustainable development, the disproportionate risks of climate disasters on women and girls, and women’s role in climate change policies and practices are introduced along with a brief history of global climate actions, Africa’s climate actions, and policies intended to protect women and girls during climatic disasters. The Gender Action Plan (GAP) lays out the structures, systems, and strategies for gender-sensitive and responsive climate actions and, when adopted by member nations, can contribute to a sustainable Africa through national multi-stakeholder participatory involvement. The role of technological innovation in accelerating climate action will be examined as key to achieving strategic goals. The focus is on moving from gender-responsive commitments to activating plans that serve the continent and drive her sustainability goals.
Climate Change and Gender Gaps in Africa’s Agricultural Sector
Authors: Adeola Ogechi , Evans Olaniyi , Ngare Innocent 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAddressing gender gaps in Africa’s agricultural sector is crucial for promoting equal opportunities and mitigating the impact of climate change. This chapter examines the specific ways in which climate change exacerbates existing gender disparities in agriculture in Africa. One significant factor is the gender gap in access to key farm resources and inputs such as farmland, labour, information, fertilisers, seedlings, and extension services. This gap contributes to the unequal distribution of land rights between men and women in Africa. Additionally, gendered differences in access to resources and control over decision-making affect men and women’s ability to adapt to the impacts of climate change. To promote effective adaptation approaches, this chapter suggests leveraging women’s traditional strengths and increasing their participation in crisis prevention and response initiatives. To achieve this, it is crucial to prioritise women’s land ownership, participation, and reconciliation initiatives. This chapter highlights the need for policy interventions that address gender inequalities and foster equal opportunities for men and women farmers in Africa’s agricultural sector.
Children’s Health Matters in Custody Conflicts—What Do We Know?
Authors: Norlén Anna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter covers the topic of research about available empirical knowledge regarding the relationships of joint physical custody, interparental conflict, and the wellbeing of children, based on a selection of recent publications from child psychology and developmental research perspectives. Addressing various objectives—such as the enhancement of the child’s feeling of protection, acknowledgement, influence, and hope—the author identifies a need for allowing children to express and explore their feelings and experiences. The chapter gives an overview of how children are affected by long duration parental conflicts and the different types of support that are required. This contribution concludes with the observation that, the means of effectively supporting children in custody conflicts must be further developed and researched. The author concludes by presenting suggestions for supporting the mental health and wellbeing of children in custody conflicts.
The Right to Participate in Decision Making: Supported Decision Making in Practice
Authors: Bigby Christine 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIdeas about capacity and incapacity have dominated thinking about participation in decision making by people with intellectual disabilities. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities provoked interest in the concept of supported decision making and the rights of all people with disabilities to be involved in making decisions about their own lives. Decisions vary in many ways—scope, individual significance or time frame—as does the type of support needed to participate in making them. This chapter reviews the contested nature of supported decision making and proposes a principled approach that puts the will and preferences of the person with disability at the centre of all decisions and includes all people with disabilities irrespective of whether they can express their preferences or rely on others to interpret them. It alerts service providers to the varied landscapes of decisions making and explains an evidence based practice framework for supporting decision making that is applicable across all types of decisions and contexts.
The Importance of Economic Participation for Quality of Life
Authors: Riches Vivienne C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWorking without discrimination is a right of citizenship and a desired outcome among people with intellectual and other disabilities. Greater workforce participation can benefit both society and individual quality of life for economic and non-economic reasons. However, unemployment and under-employment are significant problems affecting people with intellectual disabilities to a greater degree than other groups with disabilities and the general population. This chapter identifies key barriers and new opportunities for people with intellectual disabilities to get and retain jobs of their choice in open or supported employment. Although various vocational training and disability employment support programmes exist that aim to improve outcomes, these programmes vary widely in type, quality, and outcomes achieved. Evidence from national and international experience is presented to describe the most effective employment models and good practices from across different programme types. In particular, those programmes that support working-age youth and adults with intellectual disabilities to gain and retain employment are explored.
Supporting People with Complex and Challenging Behaviour
Authors: Hogan Laura , Bigby Christine 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChallenging behaviours are relatively common for adults with intellectual disabilities. The presence of these behaviours can cause harm to the person and others, negatively impacting quality of life. Evidence demonstrates that for some people with intellectual disabilities, receiving high-quality services is sufficient to reduce or prevent challenging behaviours. For others, specialist intervention may be required. This chapter considers the different types and reasons for challenging behaviour and the importance of quality service delivery. Examples are provided throughout to demonstrate the discussed evidence-informed principles in practice. Behavioural and psychodynamic interventions are considered for people with challenging behaviours who require specialist interventions. The chapter closes with a framework of the practices that must be in place to ensure the quality of life of adults with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviours in the context of accommodation supports.
Inviscid modeling of unsteady morphing airfoils using a discrete-vortex method
Authors: Martínez-Carmena Alfonso , Ramesh Kiran 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A low-order physics-based model to simulate the unsteady flow response to airfoils undergoing large-amplitude variations of the camber is presented in this paper. Potential-flow theory adapted for unsteady airfoils and numerical methods using discrete-vortex elements are combined to obtain rapid predictions of flow behavior and force evolution. To elude the inherent restriction of thin-airfoil theory to small flow disturbances, a time-varying chord line is proposed in this work over which to satisfy the appropriate boundary condition, enabling large deformations of the camber line to be modeled. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed to assess the accuracy of the low-order model for a wide range of dynamic trailing-edge flap deflections. By allowing the chord line to rotate with trailing-edge deflections, aerodynamic loads predictions are greatly enhanced as compared to the classical approach where the chord line is fixed. This is especially evident for large-amplitude deformations.

Graphical abstract
Kinetically-derived maximal dose (KMD) indicates lack of human carcinogenicity of ethylbenzene
Authors: Burgoon Lyle D. , Borgert Christopher J. , Fuentes Claudio , Klaunig James E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe kinetically-derived maximal dose (KMD) is defined as the maximal external dose at which kinetics are unchanged relative to lower doses, e.g., doses at which kinetic processes are not saturated. Toxicity produced at doses above the KMD can be qualitatively different from toxicity produced at lower doses. Here, we test the hypothesis that neoplastic lesions reported in the National Toxicology Program’s (NTP) rodent cancer bioassay with ethylbenzene are a high-dose phenomenon secondary to saturation of elimination kinetics. To test this, we applied Bayesian modeling on kinetic data for ethylbenzene from rats and humans to estimate the Vmax and Km for the Michaelis–Menten equation that governs the elimination kinetics. Analysis of the Michaelis–Menten elimination curve generated from those Vmax and Km values indicated KMD ranges for venous ethylbenzene of 8–17 mg/L in rats and 10–18 mg/L in humans. Those venous concentrations are produced by inhalation concentrations of around 200 ppm ethylbenzene, which is well above typical human exposures. These KMD estimates support the hypothesis that neoplastic lesions seen in the NTP rodent bioassay occur secondary to saturation of ethylbenzene elimination pathways and are not relevant for human risk assessment. Thus, ethylbenzene does not pose a credible cancer risk to humans under foreseeable exposure conditions. Cancer risk assessments focused on protecting human health should avoid endpoint data from rodents exposed to ethylbenzene above the KMD range and future toxicological testing should focus on doses below the KMD range.
Geographical Diversity of Proteomic Responses to Cold Stress in the Fungal Genus Pseudogymnoascus
Authors: Abu Bakar Nurlizah , Lau Benjamin Yii Chung , González-Aravena Marcelo , Smykla Jerzy , Krzewicka Beata , Karsani Saiful Anuar , Alias Siti Aisyah 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn understanding stress response mechanisms in fungi, cold stress has received less attention than heat stress. However, cold stress has shown its importance in various research fields. The following study examined the cold stress response of sixPseudogymnoascusspp. isolated from various biogeographical regions through a proteomic approach. In total, 2541 proteins were identified with high confidence. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed diversity in the cold stress response pathways for all sixPseudogymnoascusspp. isolates, with metabolic and translation-related processes being prominent in most isolates. 25.6% of the proteins with an increase in relative abundance were increased by more than 3.0-fold. There was no link between the geographical origin of the isolates and the cold stress response ofPseudogymnoascusspp. However, one Antarctic isolate,sp3, showed a distinctive cold stress response profile involving increased flavin/riboflavin biosynthesis and methane metabolism. This Antarctic isolate (sp3) was also the only one that showed decreased phospholipid metabolism in cold stress conditions. This work will improve our understanding of the mechanisms of cold stress response and adaptation in psychrotolerant soil microfungi, with specific attention to the fungal genusPseudogymnoascus.
Sapphire-based resonant waveguide-grating mirrors: advancing their intra-cavity power density capability
Authors: Bashir Danish , Boubekraoui Ayoub , Mourkioti Georgia , Li Fangfang , Karvinen Petri , Kuittinen Markku , Mackenzie Jacob. I. , Graf Thomas , Abdou Ahmed Marwan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe report on the design, fabrication, and implementation of a single-layer resonant waveguide-grating (RWG) mirror on a sapphire substrate. Our goal is to enhance these optics capability to withstand high intra-cavity power densities by exploiting the superior thermal properties of sapphire. The RWG was implemented as an intra-cavity folding mirror in an Yb:YAG thin-disk laser to generate linearly polarized and spectrally stabilized radiation. A linearly polarized output power of 191 W with an optical efficiency of 39% was obtained in multi-mode operation. This corresponds to a power density of 52 kW/cm2 on the RWG, for which the increase of its surface temperature was measured to be 12 K, which resulted in a 46-fold reduction of the surface temperature rise dependence on the intra-cavity power density with respect to what has been reported for a RWG on a fused silica substrate. In near fundamental-mode operation, a linearly polarized emission with an output power of 90 W, an optical efficiency of 30%, and a spectral bandwidth of 28 pm FWHM was obtained.
Analytical study of the annular flow of a generalised Phan-Thien–Tanner fluid
Authors: Ribau A. M. , Ferrás L. L. , Morgado M. L. , Rebelo M. , Pinho F. T. , Afonso A. M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe annular flow of complex viscoelastic fluids, described by the generalised Phan-Thien–Tanner model, is studied. This model considers the Mittag-Leffler function instead of the usual linear or exponential functions of the trace of the stress tensor, and includes two new parameters that provide additional fitting flexibility. We derive a semi-analytical solution that provides a better understanding of the behaviour of this type of fluid in annular flows and also helps to improve the modelling of complex materials.
Epidemiology and genetic diversity of invasive Neisseria meningitidis strains circulating in Portugal from 2003 to 2020
Authors: Bettencourt Célia , Nunes Alexandra , Nogueira Paulo , Duarte Sílvia , Silva Catarina , Gomes João Paulo , Simões Maria João 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInvasive meningococcal disease (IMD) continues to be a public health problem due to its epidemic potential, affecting mostly children. We aimed to present a detailed description of the epidemiology of IMD in Portugal, including insights into the genetic diversity of Neisseria meningitidis strains. Epidemiological analysis included data from the Portuguese National Reference Laboratory of Neisseria meningitidis during 2003 to 2020. Since 2012, N. meningitidis isolates have also been assessed for their susceptibility to antibiotics and were characterized by whole genome sequencing. During 2003–2020, 1392 confirmed cases of IMD were analyzed. A decrease in the annual incidence rate was observed, ranging from 1.99 (2003) to 0.39 (2020), with an average case fatality rate of 7.1%. Serogroup B was the most frequent (69.7%), followed by serogroups C (9.7%), Y (5.7%), and W (2.6%). Genomic characterization of 329 isolates identified 20 clonal complexes (cc), with the most prevalent belonging to serogroup B cc41/44 (26.3%) and cc213 (16.3%). Isolates belonging to cc11 were predominantly from serogroups W (77.3%) and C (76.5%), whereas cc23 was dominant from serogroup Y (65.7%). Over the past 4 years (2017–2020), we observed an increasing trend of cases assigned to cc213, cc32, and cc11. Regarding antimicrobial susceptibility, all isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and 61.8% were penicillin-nonsusceptible, whereas 1.4% and 1.0% were resistant to ciprofloxacin and rifampicin. This is the first detailed study on the epidemiology and genomics of invasive N. meningitidis infections in Portugal, providing relevant data to public health policy makers for a more effective control of this disease.
Mechanical communication within the microtubule through network-based analysis of tubulin dynamics
Authors: Cannariato Marco , Zizzi Eric A. , Pallante Lorenzo , Miceli Marcello , Deriu Marco A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe identification of the mechanisms underlying the transfer of mechanical vibrations in protein complexes is crucial to understand how these super-assemblies are stabilized to perform specific functions within the cell. In this context, the study of the structural communication and the propagation of mechanical stimuli within the microtubule (MT) is important given the pivotal role of the latter in cell viability. In this study, we employed molecular modelling and the dynamical network analysis approaches to analyse the MT. The results highlight that $$\beta$$
β
-tubulin drives the transfer of mechanical information between protofilaments (PFs), which is altered at the seam due to a different interaction pattern. Moreover, while the key residues involved in the structural communication along the PF are generally conserved, a higher diversity was observed for amino acids mediating the lateral communication. Taken together, these results might explain why MTs with different PF numbers are formed in different organisms or with different $$\beta$$
β
-tubulin isotypes.
Does Industry 5.0 Reproduce Gender (In)equalities at Organisations? Understanding the Interaction of Human Resources and Software Development Teams in Supplying Human Capitals
Authors: Aydin Erhan , Rahman Mushfiqur , Ozeren Emir 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study is to illustrate the significance of human resources and software development teams in the process of value co-creation, specifically in the provision of human capital within the framework of Industry 5.0. This investigation takes into account ethical considerations, machine ethics, and gender inequalities. In order to achieve this aim, we conduct semi-structured in-depth qualitative interviews with 12 Human Resources Specialists and 12 Computer Engineers in large scale organisations in Turkey. As a theoretical lens, we adopt modified grounded theory to explore the interaction of teams for demonstrating how they design and manage the digital process by considering the human–machine collaboration aspect of Industry 5.0. Based on the interviews, there are three main themes in the present research: digitalisation in tracking personnel data, ensuring ethical actions in digitalisation of organisational process, and reflections of digitalisation to gender inequality. Since studies on diversity and industry 5.0 are scarce, this research demonstrates the ethical and adverse aspects of industry 5.0, and how it reflects to gender inequality in organisations.
Pragmatism Versus Social Construction: A Reply to Shahryari
Authors: Stump David J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn a response to my recent article in this journal, Shahram Shahryari argues that I fail to present a third position between absolutism and relativism. He makes two points: first, that fallibilism is insufficient as an alternative, because it is compatible with both relativism and absolutism. The second point is that my argument that experience can lead to objective judgment without being a new absolute fails. I discuss these in turn, showing that both critiques fail and that pragmatism is a genuine alternative between absolutism and relativism.