bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subcontracting and outward processing trade as a form of networking in Hungary
Authors: Szanyi M. 
Published: August 2004

In international business practice, subcontracting is an unbalanced form of co-operation. It can bring serious negative effects for partners from less developed countries because of the strong onesided dependence on the “developed” partner. International experience, e.g. in the maquiladora region suggests that degradation of corporate activities, low profitability, technological dependence, loss of own production and shrinking market presence of own products may characterise many firms, and even whole industries or regions. These firms, regions and industries often become isolated from the national economy. Therefore, potential positive modernisation effects may also be “locked” in the subcontracting firm not spreading in the economy.
Hungarian experience with subcontracting was somewhat different already in the 1970s and 1980s. Companies concluded subcontracts with more developed Western partners in order to gain access to up-to-date technology and know-how, new markets and new products. Many of them incorporated the acquired knowledge with success. During the 1990s subcontracting was the driving force of corporate modernisation, since former development sources (primarily state subsidies) dried up. Many firms chose the new option of adjustment strategy. The efforts of Hungarian companies to integrate into the international division of labour coincided with the substantial change of subcontracting deals on world markets. Subcontracting became a form of outsourcing and changed to a long-term, network-type of co-operation form with considerable knowledge transfer.
This study presents the results of an empirical survey. The Department of Business Economics of the Budapest University of Economics and Public Administration carried out two rounds of interviews in more than 300 companies both in 1996 and 1999. The survey revealed some new features of international subcontracting patterns and found some evidence of modernisation impacts subcontracting has on Hungarian corporate strategies.
A hipertext a navigációs eszközök és a felhasználók mentális modelljeinek keresztmetszetében
Authors: Kiss Orhidea Edith 
Published: August 2004

A hipertextben használt navigációs stratégiákat és ezek tanulmányozására épülő, ismételten finomított navigációs eszközöket a fizikai környezet explorációja során használt mentális modellek alapján igyekeznek kialakítani. Még most is talány, hogy milyen mértékű izomorfizmus fogadható el a két környezet között, hogy melyek azon metaforák, modellek korlátjai, melyek sikereseknek bizonyultak a fizikai térben és átkerültek a hipertextbe. Az ember-számítógép interakciójának (HCI) az elméleti kognitív pszichológia szemszögéből való tárgyalása részben a mentális modelleken keresztül válik lehetségessé. A felhasználási terület függvényében a mentális modell nem egységes fogalom, hanem változatos magyarázatokat és elméleti kereteket kap. Az ergonómiai szemlélet lényegét jól tükrözi az az emberközpontú meghatározás, amely a felhasználói fe­lületet függővé teszi a felhasználó személy rendszerről alkotott ítéletétől, attól, ahogyan a személy reprezentálja magát az artefaktumot, az artefaktum által reprezentált világot és az ezzel való kapcsolatát. A felhasználók mentális modelljeinek tanulmányozása alapján megfogalmazott rendszerfejlesztési kérdések szűkebb fókuszában a hipertext környezetének bemutatása áll. A háttérkoncepciók tárgyalása révén fedem fel a mindennapi internethasználat mentális erőfeszítést kívánó jellegét.
Könyvismertetés
Authors: Krajcsi Attila , Király Ildikó 
Published: August 2004

Bevezetés a pszichológia komputációs és evolúciós elméleteibe [Pinker, Steven: Hogyan muködik az elme?] (Krajcsi Attila) 635 Társaink megértése - a cselekvések látható és a szándékok lát­ha­tat­lan világa [Bíró Szilvia: A „naiv pszichológiai értelmezés” kezdetei: a racionális cselekvés elvének kísérleti vizsgálata csecsemokorban] (Király Ildikó) 638
Ont he monodromy representation of polynomial maps in n variables
Authors: Némethi A. , Sigray I. 
Published: August 2004

For a non-constant polynomial map f: Cn?Cn-1 we consider the monodromy representation on the cohomology group of its generic fiber. The main result of the paper determines its dimension and provides a natural basis for it. This generalizes the corresponding results of [2] or [10], where the case n=2 is solved. As applications, we verify the Jacobian conjecture for (f,g) when the generic fiber of f is either rational or elliptic. These are generalizations of the corresponding results of [5], [7], [8], [11] and [12], where the case n=2 is treated.
Melting and crystallization behavior of PA1010/TPU blends
Authors: Zhang Shu‐Ling , Wang Gui‐Bin , Jiang Zhen‐Hua , Wu Wei‐Chun , Ma Rong‐Tang , Wu Zhong‐Wen 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPA1010/TPU blends were prepared by melt blending. The melting, crystallization behavior, and isothermal crystallization kinetics were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the DSC thermograms of blend samples exhibit double melting peaks. With increasing the TPU content, the position of the double melting peaks shifted to a lower temperature, and the total heat of fusion decreased. With increasing the heating rates, the position of the lower melting peak shifted to a higher temperature, while the position of the higher melting peak shifted to a lower temperature; however, the total heat of fusion remained almost constant. With prolonging the annealing time and increasing the crystallization temperature, the position of the lower melting peak shifted to a higher temperature, while the position of the higher melting peak almost did not change; however, the total heat of fusion increased. The addition of TPU could promote the crystallization of PA1010 but not affect the crystallization mechanism. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 839–844, 2004
New self‐curable, aqueous‐based polyurethane system by an isophorone diisocyanate/uretedione aziridinyl derivative process
Authors: Lai Jian‐Zei , Ling Hao‐Jan , Yeh Jen‐Taut , Chen Kan‐Nan 
Published: August 2004

AbstractUretedione aziridinyl derivative (UAD) was prepared through the dimerization of isophorone diisocyanate and the addition reaction of aziridine to its isocyanate (NCO) end groups. An NCO‐terminated polyurethane (PU) prepolymer was prepared from the addition of isophorone diisocyanate, poly(propylene glycol)s, and dimethylolpropanic acid. A mixture of UAD with the PU prepolymer and its NCO terminal groups were hydrolyzed to form primary amino groups during a water dispersion process. Meanwhile, the uretedione group of UAD reacted with these primary amino groups in the aqueous phase. Then, these aziridine end groups of UAD became part of an aqueous‐based PU and served as latent internal curing agents. The self‐curable, aqueous‐based PU system obtained with this new UAD process is a convenient alternative for improving the performance of aqueous‐based PUs. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 845–859, 2004
Green luminescence system containing a Tb3+‐β‐diketonate complex doped in the epoxy resin as sensitizer
Authors: Parra Duclerc Fernandes , Mucciolo Adriana , Brito Hermi Felinto 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPhotoluminescent properties of the terbium tris(acetylacetonate)tetrahydrated [Tb(acac)3(H2O)4], doped in the epoxy resin, in the solid state are reported. The polymeric Tb3+ system and the precursor terbium complex were characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and infrared and electronic spectroscopy. The excitation and emission spectra of the samples containing the Tb3+ complex doped diglycidyl epoxy resin were recorded at 298 and 77 K and exhibited the characteristic bands arising from the 5D4 → 7FJ transitions (J = 6–0). The system shows an increase in the luminescence intensity with the increase in the Tb3+ complex in the 1, 5, and 10% concentrations due to the energy transfer from the polymer to the rare earth ion. On the other hand, the concentration quenching of luminescence of polymer doped with 15% of the Tb3+ complex was observed. The lifetime measurements (τ = 0.81, 0.80, 0.79, and 0.78 ms) decrease with the increase of Tb3+‐complex concentration (1, 5, 10, and 15%) doped in polymer. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 865–870, 2004
Three‐dimensional thermorheological behavior of isotactic polypropylene across glass transition temperature
Authors: Woicke N. , Keuerleber M. , Hegemann B. , Eyerer P. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe aim of this work was to determine the three‐dimensional thermorheological behavior of isotactic polypropylene (i‐PP) in the region of its glass transition temperature (Tg) by a master curve. The i‐PP is a widespread polymer with a Tg ∼ 0°C. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) at varying frequencies and temperatures and bulk tests at varying temperatures and times are carried out to obtain the relaxation spectra. Traditionally, the combination of time and temperature is done for thermorheological simple material by the creation of a master curve based on the Arrhenius or William–Landel–Ferry (WLF) equation. This investigation shows that these equations do not fit the behavior across the glass transition of i‐PP. Instead, a new arc tangent function is derived. Additionally, it can be shown that the shifting factors differ from shear to bulk load. Therefore, the mode of mechanical stress seems to have an influence on the thermorheological behavior. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 877–880, 2004
High‐temperature polymerization of styrene: Mechanism determination with preparative gel permeation chromatography, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Campbell J. D. , Allaway J. A. , Teymour F. , Morbidelli M. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractAn experimental study designed to elucidate mechanistic details regarding the thermal polymerization of styrene between 260 and 340°C is reported. The data show that back‐biting to the third or fifth carbon from the chain end, followed by β scission, is the dominant chain‐producing reaction in the molecular weight development. This conclusion is supported by the 13C‐NMR data coupled with preparative gel permeation chromatography, which show that the predominant low‐molecular‐weight oligomers are 2,4‐diphenyl‐1‐butene and 2,4,6‐triphenyl‐1‐hexene, that is, the products of the 1:3 and 1:5 back‐biting/β‐scission reactions, respectively. The presence of head‐to‐head or head‐to‐tail branching, due to chain transfer to the polymer or back‐biting, is shown to be negligible through 13C‐NMR analysis. Finally, the distribution of terminal unsaturations, determined by the relative rates of termination, back‐biting, and chain transfer to polymer, has been measured with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. This has shown that the back‐biting/β‐scission reaction dominates the molecular weight development in comparison with either termination or chain transfer to the polymer. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 890–908, 2004
Kinetic studies on the electrochemical polymerization of 3‐chloroaniline and characterization of the obtained polymer films
Authors: Sayyah S. M. , Abd El‐Rehim S. S. , El‐Deeb M. M. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractElectropolymerization of 3‐chloroaniline on a platinum electrode in an acid medium was carried out under different reaction conditions of temperature, current density and hydrochloric acid and monomer concentrations with duration time. The initial rate of the electropolymerization reaction was small, and the orders were 0.99, 0.96 and 1.2 with respect to current density and acid and monomer concentrations, respectively. The apparent activation energy was 41.6 kJ/mol. The rate law was Rp = k2(Current density)0.99[HCl]0.96[Monomer]1.2. The obtained polymer films were characterized by 1H‐NMR, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The mechanism of the electropolymerization reaction is also discussed. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to confirm the proposed structure and determination of the number of water molecules in the polymeric chain unit. X‐ray and scanning electron microscopic analysis are used to investigate the surface morphology. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 941–953, 2004
Microbial population dynamics during start‐up and overload conditions of anaerobic digesters treating municipal solid waste and sewage sludge
Authors: McMahon Katherine D. , Zheng Dandan , Stams Alfons J.M. , Mackie Roderick I. , Raskin Lutgarde 
Published: August 2004

AbstractMicrobial population dynamics were investigated during start‐up and during periods of overload conditions in anaerobic co‐digesters treating municipal solid waste and sewage sludge. Changes in community structure were monitored using ribosomal RNA‐based oligonucleotide probe hybridization to measure the abundance of syntrophic propionate‐oxidizing bacteria (SPOB), saturated fatty acid‐beta‐oxidizing syntrophs (SFAS), and methanogens. These changes were linked to traditional performance parameters such as biogas production and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations. Digesters with high levels of Archaea started up successfully. Methanosaeta concilii was the dominant aceticlastic methanogen in these systems. In contrast, digesters that experienced a difficult start‐up period had lower levels of Archaea with proportionally more abundant Methanosarcina spp. Syntrophic propionate‐oxidizing bacteria and saturated fatty acid‐beta‐oxidizing syntrophs were present at low levels in all digesters, and SPOB appeared to play a role in stabilizing propionate levels during start‐up of one digester. Digesters with a history of poor performance tolerated a severe organic overload event better than digesters that had previously performed well. It is hypothesized that higher levels of SPOB and SFAS and their methanogenic partners in previously unstable digesters are responsible for this behavior. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serum levels of soluble E-selectin in women with breast cancer
Authors: Sheen-Chen S-M , Eng H-L , Huang C-C , Chen W-J 
Published: August 2004

Abstract

Background
Increasing evidence suggests that E-selectin contributes to tumour growth and metastasis, possibly by increasing angiogenesis and the adhesion of tumour cells to endothelial cells at distant sites. This study aimed to examine the relationship between preoperative levels of circulating soluble E-selectin and breast cancer.

Methods
Sixty-four consecutive women undergoing surgery for invasive breast cancer were studied prospectively. Venous blood samples were collected before the operation. A control group consisted of 16 patients with a benign breast tumour (eight with fibrocystic disease and eight with fibroadenoma). Serum concentrations of soluble E-selectin were measured by the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique and compared with clinicopathological information.

Results
The mean(s.d.) serum level of soluble E-selectin in patients with invasive breast cancer was 73·7(20·9) ng/ml, compared with 36·3(5·6) ng/ml in the control group (P &lt; 0·001). Furthermore, the serum levels of soluble E-selectin were significantly higher in women with oestrogen receptor-negative tumours (P = 0·001), poorly differentiated tumours (P &lt; 0·001), more advanced primary tumour stage (P &lt; 0·001), involved lymph nodes (P &lt; 0·001), distant metastases (P &lt; 0·001) and more advanced tumour node metastasis (TNM) stage (P &lt; 0·001). On multivariate analysis, TNM stage (P &lt; 0·001) was found to be an independent factor with regard to higher serum levels of soluble E-selectin.

Conclusion
Preoperative serum levels of soluble E-selectin might reflect the severity of invasive breast cancer; further evaluation is warranted.
Laparoscopic adrenalectomy
Authors: Assalia A , Gagner M 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) has become the procedure of choice for small benign lesions. Compared with open adrenalectomy (OA), it appears to achieve superior results in terms of recovery, cosmesis and morbidity.MethodsA Medline literature search (PubMed database, 1990–2003) was undertaken to identify relevant English language papers. Studies comparing LA with OA were categorized according to their level of evidence. Variables of outcome were analysed systematically for various adrenal pathologies.ResultsNo prospective randomized studies comparing LA with OA were identified. According to 20 comparative case–control studies (level 3b) and many case-series reports (level 4), the results of LA were reproducible and it has consistently been associated with faster recovery and lower morbidity than OA. The clinical outcome in hormonally active lesions was similar. The lateral transabdominal approach was the laparoscopic technique of choice; it was practised by 78·6 per cent of surgeons. Lesion sizes of 10–12 cm were cited as the upper limit for LA in many large series. Experience of 70 malignancies demonstrated the feasibility of LA, with short-term oncological results comparable to those of conventional surgery.ConclusionDespite a lack of a high level of evidence in its favour, LA has practically replaced OA in the management of small and medium-size benign functioning and non-functioning adrenal lesions, as it has proved to be as effective as OA with less associated morbidity. Although limited experience with large and malignant tumours shows some promise, present data are insufficient for clear conclusions to be drawn.
Three New Dinuclear Copper(II) Complexes with [Cu(μ1,3‐N3)2Cu]2+ and [Cu(μ1,1‐N3)2Cu]2+ Asymmetrical Cores: Syntheses, Structures and Magnetic Behavior.
Authors: Escuer Albert , Font‐Bardia Merce , Massoud Salah S. , Mautner Franz A. , Penalba Evaristo , Solanes Xavier , Vicente Ramon 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phase Transfer Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation of Chalcones Using Chiral Crown Ethers Derived from D‐Glucose, D‐Galactose, and D‐Mannitol.
Authors: Bako Tibor , Bako Peter , Keglevich Gyoergy , Bombicz Petra , Kubinyi Miklos , Pal Krisztina , Bodor Sandor , Mako Attila , Toke Laszlo 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
α,α‐Diacetyl Cyclic Ketene Dithioacetals: Odorless and Efficient Dithiol Equivalents in Thioacetalization Reactions.
Authors: Yu Haifeng , Liu Qun , Yin Yanbing , Fang Qunxin , Zhang Jingping , Dong Dewen 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Allylic Amination of Unfunctionalyzed Olefins by Nitroarenes and CO, Catalyzed by Ru3(CO)12/Ph‐BIAN (Ph‐BIAN = Bis(phenylimino)acenaphthenequinone): Extension to the Synthesis of Allylic Amines with Strongly Electron‐Withdrawing or Electron‐Donating Groups on the Aryl Ring.
Authors: Ragaini Fabio , Cenini Sergio , Turra Fabrizio , Caselli Alessandro 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Friedel—Crafts Acylation of Aromatic Compounds with Carboxylic Acids by the Combined Use of Perfluoroalkanoic Anhydride and Bismuth or Scandium Triflate.
Authors: Matsushita Yoh‐ichi , Sugamoto Kazuhiro , Matsui Takanao 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Design and Synthesis of Benzofused Heterocyclic RXR Modulators.
Authors: Gernert D. L. , Neel D. A. , Boehm M. F. , Leibowitz M. D. , Mais D. A. , Michellys P. Y. , Rungta D. , Reifel‐Miller A. , Grese T. A. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel 3,5‐Diaryl Pyrazolines as Human Acyl‐CoA:Cholesterol Acyltransferase Inhibitors.
Authors: Jeong Tae‐Sook , Kim Kyung Soon , An So‐Jin , Cho Kyung‐Hyun , Lee Sangku , Lee Woo Song 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel 3,5‐Diaryl Pyrazolines and Pyrazole as Low‐Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Oxidation Inhibitor.
Authors: Jeong Tae‐Sook , Kim Kyung Soon , Kim Ju‐Ryoung , Cho Kyung‐Hyun , Lee Sangku , Lee Woo Song 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Truncated Diastereoselective Passerini Reaction, a Rapid Construction of Polysubstituted Oxazole and Peptides Having an α‐Hydroxy‐β‐amino Acid Component.
Authors: Cuny Guylaine , Gamez‐Montano Rocio , Zhu Jieping 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2‐Benzothiazolemethanol as Precursor of 2‐Aryl‐1‐(2‐benzothiazolyl)‐1‐ethanones.
Authors: Ryabukhin Sergey V. , Plaskon Andrey S. , Tverdokhlebov Anton V. , Tolmachev Andrey A. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient Route to 6‐(Het)aryl‐2‐methyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐pyridin‐4‐ones as Potential nAChRs Ligands.
Authors: Leflemme Nicolas , Dallemagne Patrick , Rault Sylvain 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of New Fluoroquinolones and Evaluation of Their in vitro Activity on Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium spp.
Authors: Anquetin G. , Rouquayrol M. , Mahmoudi N. , Santillana‐Hayat M. , Gozalbes R. , Greiner J. , Farhati K. , Derouin F. , Guedj R. , Vierling P. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Persistent Heteroarylmethyl Radicals Resulting from the Intramolecular Addition of Aryloxymethyl Radicals onto Ketenimines. Synthesis of 2H‐1,4‐Benzoxazines.
Authors: Alajarin Mateo , Vidal Angel , Ortin Maria‐Mar , Bautista Delia 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Stereoselective Addition of Organozinc Reagents to Pentopyranose Derived Glycals: Effect of Protecting Group and Assignment of C‐Glycoside Stereochemistry.
Authors: Cook Matthew J. , Fletcher Matthew J. E. , Gray Diane , Lovell Peter J. , Gallagher Timothy 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Local lymph node involvement does not predict poor outcome in pediatric renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Geller James I. , Dome Jeffrey S. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDLocal lymph node involvement in adults with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is associated with poor outcome. The prognostic significance of local lymph node involvement in children with RCC has not been studied systematically.METHODSA retrospective review of patients treated at St Jude Children's Research Hospital (Memphis, TN) and an extensive review of the medical literature were undertaken to evaluate the prognostic significance of local lymph node involvement in pediatric RCC.RESULTSThirteen patients with the diagnosis of RCC were treated at St. Jude since the hospital's inception in 1962. Four patients presented with lymph node‐positive, distant metastasis‐negative (N+M0) disease, and all 4 remain disease free after resection without adjuvant therapy (follow‐up duration, 2–9 years). A systematic review of the literature including 243 pediatric patients with RCC revealed stage‐specific survival rates of 92.5%, 84.6%, 72.7%, and 12.7% for Stage I–IV disease, respectively. Of 58 children with N+M0 RCC for whom outcome data were available, 42 (72.4%) were alive without disease at last follow‐up. Among patients whose therapy could be discerned, those who received no adjuvant therapy fared as well (15 of 16 alive) as those who received various adjuvant treatments (22 of 31 alive).CONCLUSIONSChildren with lymph node–positive RCC in the absence of distant metastatic disease had a relatively favorable long‐term prognosis, with survival rate nearly triple those of adult historical controls. Until highly effective therapies for RCC are identified, these children should not be exposed to adjuvant treatment. Further investigation of the biologic differences between adult and pediatric RCC is warranted. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.