bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Logik Blomberg on Skeptical Method and Kant’s Reading of the Enquiry
Authors: Anderson Abraham 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In Kant’s Logik Blomberg lectures from 1771, Kant praises Hume in the Enquiry for his smooth skeptical method, in which he argues first for one thing, then for the contrary. Michael Forster has used this passage to argue that Kant did not yet know the Enquiry in 1771, since Hume, he holds, does not use such a method in that work. It can be shown, however, that Kant’s remarks refer to a particular argument in the Enquiry, at EHU 8.32-36. Kant’s use of that argument to typify the Enquiry suggests that Kant sees the Enquiry as a whole as directed, as that argument is, against rationalist theodicy and its foundation in the principle of sufficient reason.
Introduction
Authors: Riley Matthew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The introduction explains the approach and methods adopted in the book; the key analytical concepts; and the implications of its new perspective. The book undertakes a broad re-mapping of English music of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by means of the concept of intensive diatonicism and analysis based around musical conventions, specifically the notions of ‘schema’ and ‘topic’. The introduction explains the centrality of Hubert Parry for this study; underlines the guiding metaphor of evolution and the historical continuity of the intensively diatonic repertoire with the immediate Victorian past; and points to a new understanding of the music of Ralph Vaughan Williams, whose works feature prominently in the book.
Smallpox Eradication
Authors: Breman Joel G. , Foege William H. , Henderson Leigh A. , Lewis Rosamund F. , Rimoin Anne W. , Muyembe-Tamfun Jean-Jacques 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The eradication of smallpox began in the late 1700s with the discovery by Edward Jenner and others that inoculation into the skin with cowpox protected against smallpox. On May 8, 1980, the World Health Assembly (WHA) accepted the conclusions of the Global Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication that “the world and all its people have won freedom from smallpox, which was a most devastating disease.” The World Health Organization earned this achievement through its intensified smallpox eradication program (SEP), conducted from 1967 to 1979. The triumph of the SEP has served as an impetus for other disease elimination and eradication initiatives.
Toward the Eradication of Polio
Authors: Andrus Jon Kim , Patel Khusbu , Raghavan Prabha , Seper Sara , Ismail Nevien , Bahl Sunil 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of the once-prevalent and paralyzing disease poliomyelitis (polio). In an effort to encapsulate polio, the chapter delves into multiple components presented under three main sections: (1) introduction including polio history and eradication efforts; (2) scientific factors including epidemiology/disease burden, clinical factors, monitoring, and evaluation; and (3) delivery factors including leadership and political will. This chapter also identifies the challenges, key stakeholders, and significant contributions involved in efforts toward polio eradication. Due to dedicated efforts over the years, five of six World Health Organization regions have been certified polio free. Countries with recent detection of polio include Malawi, where a wild poliovirus 1 (WPV) case was detected in 2021, and Pakistan and Afghanistan, which are plagued by both WPV1 and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus. Further, this chapter summarizes the Global Polio Eradication Initiative’s strategic plan for countries with ongoing cases and sheds light on future recommendations.
Controlling Pandemic COVID-19
Authors: Morens David M. , Kang Gagandeep 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Rarely has eradication of a newly emerging infectious disease been considered while the disease was in its earliest stages of emergence, when properties of the causative infectious agent remained uncharacterized, when pathogenetic mechanisms had yet to be understood, and when epidemiologic features such as transmissibility and nature of protective immunity were still continually changing. Nevertheless, because COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is among the three deadliest emerging pandemics of the past few centuries (the others being the 1918 influenza pandemic and the HIV/AIDS pandemic, recognized in 1981), its potential to be eradicated must be considered, especially since the 2003 SARS pandemic, caused by a related virus, has disappeared. This review compares the epidemiologic, immunologic, and virologic features of SARS-CoV-2 with those of other human respiratory viruses considered eradicable and ineradicable. The chapter concludes that based on features of the viral agent and human host responses to it, COVID-19 is not eradicable with existing tools. However, using the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in India for context, the chapter suggests that there is much that can be done to control COVID-19 and associated severe disease and mortality without eradication and discusses this important challenge to science, public health, and medicine of the future.
Mpox Control and Prevention
Authors: Gadoth Adva , Halbrook Megan , Hoff Nicole A. , Witte Danae , Kaba Didine , Malembi Emile , Shongo Robert , Kingabeni Placide Mbala , Breman Joel G. , Muyembe-Tamfum Jean Jacques , Rimoin Anne W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Monkeypox, recently renamed mpox, is an orthopoxvirus closely related to smallpox. Previously limited to sporadic outbreaks in rural Central and West Africa with infrequent importation of cases to other locations, a new global mpox outbreak beginning in May 2022 was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization, and has exhibited a number of unprecedented characteristics: 1. The current epidemic is associated with a novel variant (clade IIb.1) and has spread to all populated continents; 2. Until recently, sustained person-to-person transmission was limited, with most point sources stemming from zoonotic exposures spilling over into humans—now it’s become the norm; 3. Transmission now occurs mainly through physical contact during sex, which was previously uncommon, and as such, new clinical presentations have been reported, including anogenital lesions and rashes; 4. Whereas previously mpox spread mostly among children, the current outbreak has been overwhelmingly comprised of men who have sex with men (MSM); and 5. The vast majority of recent infections have been mild and self-limiting, in contrast to historic disease manifestation. Recent circulation of mpox challenges established notions of this disease and present unique concerns for public health surveillance and control. Limited familiarity with mpox beyond Africa, novel clinical presentations, and limited testing availability may have each contributed to underascertainment and underreporting of infections in the early period of the current outbreak. Stigma-informed approaches in communication, community engagement, vaccine reintroduction, and comprehensive surveillance remain critical for future measures of prevention and control.
Uncertainty and Enterprise
Authors: Bhidé Amar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Uncertainty and Enterprise examines the practical ways to deal with everyday uncertainties in the field of entrepreneurship. It presents an intuitive framework for coping with doubts about honest mistakes and sincere disagreements in correlation with the work of the economist Frank Knight and other great twentieth-century thinkers. Regardless of the perspectives of textbook economics, standard theories, and behavioralists, uncertainty is banished to the unmanageable world of unknown unknowns, and resolute action requires confidence in individual and collective choices. Uncertainty and Enterprise provides an overview of the interplay between startups and giants. It also discusses how seemingly bureaucratic procedures encourage giants to undertake complex high-stakes initiatives.
Imperfect Market Theories: Realism without Fallibility
Authors: Bhidé Amar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter covers the significance of oligopolistic competition and information economics. Both approaches questioned the Invisible Hand, and perfect-competition implications of the prevalent paradigm, and both were assimilated into mainstream economics. Moreover, both theories also exclude or neglect uncertainty. The chapter then provides an overview of the theories attributing profit to the market power of oligopolists that flourished after the 1950s. Meanwhile, information economics rejected the all-knowing actors of earlier microeconomics and could have analyzed uncertainty but focused on asymmetric information and misaligned incentives in practice. The chapter notes how economists Stephen LeRoy and Larry Singell reinterpreted Frank Knight’s thesis to fit an information asymmetry and moral hazard–based worldview.
Calculating Capitalists: VCs and Angel Investors
Authors: Bhidé Amar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines the significance of professional VCs and angel investors. It explains that professional VCs and angel investors became prominent long-tail investors who aim for a few hits to make up for many misses. In the standard view, thorough evaluations allow VCs and angels to bridge the financing gap for new ventures that is largely due to information asymmetry. Investors rely on due diligence and ongoing oversight to control entrepreneurs’ honest mistakes and misjudgments. Moreover, stricter routines influence VCs’ investment choices, which references how strictness limits tolerances for irreducible uncertainty while encouraging specialization in larger, more complex initiatives.
The Aims of Discourse
Authors: Bhidé Amar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter looks into the work of psychologist Jerome Bruner on analyzing entrepreneurial discourse. Bruner’s distinction between narrative and logico-scientific modes of thought and verification specifies the aims and sub-aims of entrepreneurial discourse. The chapter then provides an overview of the differences and similarities of entrepreneurial, literary, and legal discourse that help crystallize ideas about entrepreneurial ends. Essentially, literary, legal, and entrepreneurial discourse all target states of mind. They seek to shape beliefs and feelings about some imagined future state. The chapter looks into the value of reducing doubts through cooperative interactions while not relying on intimidation to secure compliance without reducing doubts.
The Devices of Discourse
Authors: Bhidé Amar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the devices of uncertainty-reducing discourse. It mentions how Frank Knight did not touch upon the notion of the specialization of entrepreneurial initiatives despite his analysis of situational uniqueness as a precondition for entrepreneurial profit. The devices help promoters reduce uncertainties about their initiatives by compensating for the incompleteness of their evidence. The chapter explains that evocative devices refer to the figurative language and metaphors promoters use to make imagined and hoped-for events seem real. It highlights the importance of performance, referencing the influence of careful staging before audiences and interactive conversations.
Spillovers from Popular Stories
Authors: Bhidé Amar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines how past entrepreneurial stories can similarly help current entrepreneurs make confidence-producing arguments to themselves and to others. It cites the reinforcement of confidence in the indirect uncertainty-reducing effects of stories. Despite being more dynamic, popular business stories have shorter shelf lives than literary or legal stories and do not become canonical to the same degree. The chapter discusses how the spillovers of literary and legal storytelling in the business sphere influenced sensemaking, language, and attitudes. It then provides an overview of the changes in the kinds of initiatives businesses undertake and the subsequent knock-on effects on their discourse.
Towards Confucian Republicanism
Authors: Chan Elton 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Towards Confucian Republicanism proposes that the future of Confucianism as a political philosophy rests with developing a Confucian republican democracy as its main institutional manifestation in the modern world. Diving deep into the Confucian classics, the book analyzes the main driving force behind Confucianism’s long-standing tendency toward authoritarian rule. While Confucianism’s political ideal demands the cultivation of an independent and virtuous people, the constraints of reality encourage Confucians to adopt authoritarian hierarchy as the main sociopolitical order, which allows a gradual transformation toward Confucianism’s moral and political ideal. However, this authoritarian hierarchy is self-defeating in the long run: rather than bringing about moral transformation, it systematically discourages virtuous development on a large scale. As such, Confucianism should reject authoritarianism not because of any external values or reasons, such as faith in equality or freedom, but for reasons internal to the tradition itself. This book proposes that Confucianism stands a much better chance of realizing its political and moral ideal by developing a partnership with republicanism, one that would enable not only good governance but also collective virtuous cultivation. In outlining this Confucian republican democracy, the book addresses pressing issues in contemporary political philosophy such as virtue politics, balance of power, civic education, public reason constraint, and the role of civil society. The synergy between Confucianism and republicanism can generate a hybrid political order that can reach the aspirations of these two old political traditions in face of the challenges of the modern world.
“Heaven and Earth Need Not Worry Like the Sage”
Authors: Chan Elton 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 4 offers a brief transition from the ideal theory perspective to the non-ideal theory perspective. A long-standing tradition like Confucianism is constantly faced with the political reality that does not have ideally favorable conditions. Any attempt to materialize the moral and political ideal was seriously restricted not only by the limited productivity, but also by the people’s lack of motivation to become morally cultivated. Unless Confucians are to forgo their ideals, they need to provide a response that is possible in non-ideal reality. This chapter explains the ideal and non-ideal framework borrowed from Western tradition that helps reconstruct the Confucian responses into a coherent non-ideal perspective for virtuous cultivation.
Cultivation without Oppression
Authors: Chan Elton 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 9 addresses the dangers of oppression due to the pursuit of virtuous cultivation of Confucian republican citizens. This chapter argues that Confucianism has an internal reason to accept public reason constraint that is drawn from the Rawlsian proviso of public reason. The crucial step is to distinguish the cultivation of general virtues as opposed to virtues that are strictly political. It argues that by limiting the use of state power to promoting Confucian virtues only as political virtues, Confucian republicanism can generate a favorable environment for virtuous cultivation without being objectionably oppressive. This favorable environment will in turn empower the civil society to promote general virtues without the use of coercive force.
China’s Anti-Covid Great Wall
Authors: Alden Edward , Trautman Laurie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
China was the only country with long land borders to pursue a zero-Covid policy. The consequence was the most far-reaching border controls in the world, coupled with the most intrusive regime of domestic lockdowns. China’s anti-Covid Great Wall included not just thousands of miles of fences and physical barriers on its southern borders, but rigid control of incoming trade shipments and the longest quarantine requirements for travelers of any country. The human consequences were the most severe in the world—for separated families, for those locked in apartments running short of food, and for truckers and ship workers running a gauntlet of restrictions to deliver goods. China showed that a government with sufficient authority and capacity—and one unconcerned with human rights and civil liberties—can control national borders with once unimaginable effectiveness.
Keeping the Doors Open
Authors: Alden Edward , Trautman Laurie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Covid marked the first time that governments took the same tools that have been used against less privileged migrants and asylum seekers and turned them on their own citizens and on citizens from countries that had long enjoyed relatively unfettered travel. During the pandemic, those citizens joined forces to fight for their right to live across borders. In doing so, they joined immigrant rights groups that for decades have been waging similar battles. This chapter outlines three broad sets of changes that could go a long way to strengthening protections for those living across borders—strengthened international cooperation, constraints around the use of emergency powers, and better risk management. Yet protecting the well-being of those who live across borders is going to require sustained engagement. Governments are unlikely to move toward greater international cooperation, more constrained emergency behavior, or more transparent risk management in the absence of steady pressure.
Borders and Belonging
Authors: 9780197743744  , Motomura Hiroshi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Borders and Belonging is a pathbreaking, comprehensive, and compact analysis of responses to human migration. By answering questions that are rarely asked together, this book’s approach is unique. Borders and Belonging starts with an inquiry into how countries restrict movement, rights, and privileges based on citizenship and immigration status. The book next suggests ways to think about challenges to national borders. Sometimes, people make claims based on their humanity, objecting to national borders that inflict harm that no one human being should have to endure. At other times, people make claims of a different sort—based on belonging, or being part of communities in a given country. Borders and Belonging next applies these concepts to analyze who should be able to be enter a country, and how to think about someone entering for a temporary or indefinite stay. The book next looks at responses to people without lawful status, and at enforcement. The final three chapters delve deeper, starting with ways to respond genuinely to immigration skeptics or opponents, and then discussing what it means to address the root causes of migration. The last chapter of the book explores the injustices that national borders can enable, the best ways to make decisions about immigration, and the role of history in immigration policy. The unique contribution of Borders and Belonging is its unprecedented synthesis of many ways to think about national borders and migration.
Introduction
Authors: Motomura Hiroshi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Introduction explains the book’s purposes and overall approach in several dimensions. One dimension puts the book in the context of personal and professional background, by acknowledging the significance of personal history and by identifying migration as a foundation for dealing with many complex issues that a society faces. The Introduction next explains its goal of addressing ten questions about migration. These questions are interwoven and all essential for decision-making, and yet these questions are rarely discussed together. The Introduction then previews some of the key themes and disruptive ideas in the book. It explains the book’s intended audiences, and it provides a roadmap of the chapters. The Introduction closes by explaining that the book reflects an approach grounded in realistic utopia. This means identifying the ideal, but also identifying steps toward that goal that are realistic in political context.
Why National Borders, and Why Not?
Authors: Motomura Hiroshi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 1 starts by exploring the many boundaries that are usually taken for granted in modern life, including university admissions, families, state lines in federal systems, and Native Nations. It then explains how national borders are troubling when they enable and conceal injustices by making those injustices seem normal. The chapter then considers what sorts of challenges against national borders might be persuasive. It explains that some persuasive challenges are based on humanity claims. These are challenges against borders when they inflict harms that no human being should have to endure. Other persuasive challenges to national borders are based on belonging claims. These are claims that someone has because they are part of communities in a country. The chapter closes by discussing the importance of immigrant integration as an aspect of being part of a community in a country, and thus as an aspect of belonging claims.
Who Should Get In, or Be Kept Out?
Authors: Motomura Hiroshi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 4 applies the concepts of humanity claims and belonging claims to assess challenges to national borders. It focuses on decisions about admission and exclusion. These are decisions about who should be let into countries and who should be kept out. The chapter first explores how to think about admissions for family members, workers, and investors. It then looks at deciding who is kept out, and it assesses the relevance of a noncitizen’s country of origin. The chapter poses the general question of when these sorts of decisions might respect or disrespect humanity claims or belonging claims. Of particular concern are decisions that may seem neutral but in fact disrespect the belonging claims of some insiders. The chapter closes by applying this analytical framework to questions about the number of immigrants, how to decide capacity to take in newcomers, and the relationship between lawful admissions and the undocumented population.
Colonial Forgettings
Authors: Bennett Samuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter presents a deeper consideration of how the empire has come to be forgotten, erased, and euphemized in present-day Britain. The chapter argues that historical teachings of colonialism in the UK have allowed for a deep and broad ‘sanctioned ignorance’ of the empire which fails to include ethnic minority British citizens in the narrative and leads to misunderstandings and misrecognitions in present-day society. An initial section explains how textbooks are a key site of knowledge production and nation building, while further sections provide an overview of English History textbooks and their content. To show how the empire has come to be euphemized, the analytical section zooms in on the representation in History textbooks of two events from the twentieth century: the Indian Rebellion and the abolition of enslavement. In light of the findings a final section discusses how these gaps in teaching are only now being addressed.