bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lágrimas, risas y amor: Mexico's Most Popular Romance Comic Book
Authors: Tatum Charles 
Published: March 2004

Romance comic books, strips, and magazines enjoy immense popularity in the United States. The same is true in Mexico where LLgrimas, risasy amor, the country's most popular romance comic book, sells between 1.2 and 1.5 million copies per week. In his study, Charles Tatum discusses some of the publication's most important aspects including its creators, readership, circulation, and basic plot and character types and settings. He finds that, as in other populargenres Ldgrimas can be reduced to basic narrative formulas which, although they are repetitive, are presented in an interesting fashion and with sufficient variety to continue to attract large numbers of readers. In a comparative section, Tatum observes that this Mexican romance comic book closely resembles its American counterpart in terms of its implicit values and attitudes. Ligrimas is both politically and socially conservative, mute regarding politics and tending to reinforce dominant values towards sex roles, the family and marriage.Readers will find some interesting parallels between Lagrimas and the fotonovelas analyzed in Flora's study.
The Parks of Vienna
Authors: O'Brien George M. 
Published: March 2004

In this cross‐cultural and historical contrast to the American park style, we see an eighteenth‐century Viennese park, the Prater. This park has long been a showcase for the panoply of Viennese popular culture (“To be Viennese has long meant to visit the Prater”), serving as a generous stage for the mixing of classes and cultures. Here was a crossroad where immigrants, travelers, ethnics and the lower echelons could observe and mingle with the middle and upper reaches of society; a living laboratory of acculturation to the life of a cosmopolitan city.Together with the Schoenbrunn Zoo and other mainstays of the recreational outing, the park also provides an early example of environmental awareness in a rapidly expanding area calling for a balance between urban growth and green space.These effects indicate that popular culture, even within the limited realm of entertainment such as the amusement park, carries more serious implications for social and environmental issues.
Cedar Point: A Park in Progress
Authors: Hildebrandt Hugo John 
Published: March 2004

This is a biography of an amusement park, Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio, by its marketing director. This life history, using sources close to the park and in the popular press ouer many decades, traces the many shifts in circumstance, philosophy and mood in its development ouer a span from 1897 to its present status as “one of the great parks of the country.”This case study of a single park that has incorporated characteristics of many growth stages ofparks ingeneral serues as a capsule history: from its beginnings as a resort; expansion of rides and attractions during the flush years of the 1920s; the backsliding deterioration of the Depression years and the immediatepost‐ War period; the decline of the big‐city parks and the moue to the suburbs in the 50s; and the Disney effect: the advent of the national super theme park, with its revolutionary impact on the traditional park concept.According to Hildebrandt, Cedar Point is “the only modern superpark that also has an ancient history…. the only old‐time amusement park to successfully make the transition to the new amusement park culture.”
Disneyland and Walt Disney World: Traditional Values in Futuristic Form
Authors: King Margaret J. 
Published: March 2004

The Disney parks—Disneyland in California and Walt Disney World in Florida—presented a radical refinement and departure from the traditions of the amusement park: the theme park. Designed for the values of long distance travel, suburban lifestyle, family life, the major vacation excursion, and the new visual culture of telecommunications, these places have grown to attain the status of national popular culture capitals.Because of their importance to American life, these institutions have suffered more than their share of attacks as key symbols ofpopular culture. Like all such targets of elitist ire (led by such accusations as “plastic” and “mindless”), the Disney parks must be experienced carefully and studied closely to see beyond these simplistic slings and arrows.Emerging from this study was a contention directly opposed to the common wisdom of the theme parks' futuristic and artificial nature: they may in fact serve as cultural preserves for the most nostalgic images and dreams of a nation. They are a very special kind of museum, of course—of past and future not as they were or will be but as popular taste has shaped and nurtured them in the collective imagination. The Disney “archive” of Americana is thus highly valuable as a display of popular thought on every featured theme.
Main Street U.S.A.: A Comparison/Contrast of Streetscapes in Disneyland and Walt Disney World
Authors: Francaviglia Richard V. 
Published: March 2004

All visitors to Disneyland and Walt Disney World must enter the “magic kingdoms” by way of Main Street, U.S.A.—the Disney version of a small town landscape of around the turn of the century, the “classical period” in American streetscape evolution.Extending far beyond its park setting, Disney's idealized Main Street (along with the overall design of which it is a part) is “one of the most successfully designed streetscapes in human history,” and has exerted enormous impact. Its design and images have influenced city and new town planning and the restoration of real Main Streets across the country, inspiring architectural restoration philosophy and practice; in short, writing an important chapter in the history of America's fondest image of itself.It was in fact from the ranks of planners and designers, not academic intellectuals or even social commentators (who scorned and reviled Disney's creations), that the initial awareness and appreciation of theme parks as structures and images came, as a leading edge in the breakthrough in perception of popular environments which has occurred only within the past decade.Richard Francaviglia is concerned with the architecture and design of Main Street U.S.A. as it preserves, controls, modifies and perpetuates a central collective image. But he goes further, comparing the original articulation in California with the Florida version a design generation later. What is ultimately revealing is the contrast of both of these related but distinct ideals within the parks to Main Street as it actually existed.
Part II: Death in Literature. Poetry as Epitaph
Authors: Campbell Karen Mills 
Published: March 2004

Anyone tolerably versed in American literature will realize that we could have devoted our entire collection to attitudes toward death in American literature. Such a collection could be tightly organized and valuable, but it might also be redundant for an audience which consists primarily of loosened‐up literary folk to begin with. So we offer, instead of standard selections, a group of essays which, though they are about death in literature, use literature as a vehicle for discussing either theoretical or practical interpretations of death in American society and letters.Karen Campbell's essay, “Poetry as Epitaph,” uses Emily Dickinson's poetry to illustrate and embody current international theories about death and language. We place this contribution first in this section because it serves as a transition between Gravestones and Epitaphs and Death in Literature: Dickinson was writing at the same historical moment discussed by Kenneth Ames in “Ideologies in Stone,” a fact the reader may wish to remember while reading “Poetry as Epitaph;” and Karen Campbell treats Dickinson's poetry as epitaphic in style and genre. Sonia Gernes' “Life After Life: Katherine Anne Porter's Version” uses Porter's “Pale Horse, Pale Rider” to illustrate and make provocative suggestions about Raymond Moody's theses in Life After Life. Leslier Fiedler's contribution is an extract from a speech given under the auspices of an organization studying the humanist's response to child abuse, and is part of a series of lectures on that subject. He discusses infanticide through literature and then through popular culture. Marvin Kohl takes issue with some of Professor Fiedler's conclusions.
Disney World as Structure and Symbol: Re‐Creation of the American Experience
Authors: Johnson David M. 
Published: March 2004

It has been said that the Disney theme parks are the cities America wishes it had; immune to death and taxes, clean, orderly, crime‐free family style environments of optimism and nostalgia, politically independent, with the advantages but few of the vices of real cities.Treatments of the amusement park in political terms, such as Michael Harrington's Atlantic article, “To the disney Station,” while invariably critical, indicate the important position these places have attained as complex institutions in themselves—living commentaries on society at Large, as well as important standard‐setters for new social, political and economic philosophy for planning and control in all sectors of national life.In this way, Disney's worlds—and parks built under their influence—have come to be viewed as societies in miniature, reliable images of work, leisure, human relations and politics in the larger world outside.Here anthropologist David Johnson uses morphology as the key to discerning the meanings of these prototype parks for basic cultural values in many aspects, including work, class, economic order, technology, individualism, history, and cross‐cultural adventure. In fact, these Disney versions have now themselves become a special mode of first‐hand experience in the repertoire of the great national shared experience.
Film, Television and Traditional Folk Culture in Bye Bye Brasil1
Authors: Johnson Randal 
Published: March 2004

Brazilian Cinema Novo [New Cinema] has produced a number of films that have circulated in the United States but perhaps the most familiar to American audiences is Carlos Diegues' Bye Bye Brasil (1980). In his article, Randal Johnson focuses on this film which presents Brazil as a country in a process of rapid transformation, an agro‐pastoral economy giving way to rapid industrialization. He notes that “running throughout [the work] is a subtext which constitutes a good‐humored yet critical retrospective of the trajectory of Brazilian cinema over the last twenty years and its relationship to other conscious‐forming media, notably television.” Johnson examines this subject as well as the complex relationship between cinema, television and popular culture as developed through the device of the Caravana Rolidei, a small‐time circus troupe. Each of its characters represents a different aspect of contemporary Brazilian society, and the film as a whole presents the panoply of Brazilian culture, a mixture of elements from diverse sources, both foreign and domestic.Randal Johnson teaches literature and film at the University of Florida. He is the co‐author of Brazilian Cinema (1982).
The Kurds in Iraq
Authors: Gunter Michael M. , Natali Denise , Olson Robert , Özcan Nihat Ali , Salih Khaled , Yavuz M. Hakan 
Published: March 2004

The following briefs are edited versions of papers presented at the annual meeting of the Middle East Studies Association in Anchorage, Alaska, November 8, 2003. The editors were Hakan Yavuz and Michael Gunter, whose papers are included below. Why Kurdish Statehood is Unlikely, Michael M. Gunter, professor of political science, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee Transnational Networks: New Opportunities and Constraints for Kurdish Statehood, Denise Natali, visiting research fellow, Washington Kurdish Institute (WKI); director of WKI's transnational project Turkey and Kurdistan‐Iraq, 2003, Robert Olson, professor of Middle East and Islamic history, University of Kentucky Could a Kurdish State Be Set Up in Iraq?, Nihat Ali Özcan, author of PKK (Kurdistan ýpçi Partisi) Tarihi, Ideolojisi ve Yönetimi (Ankara: Asam, 1999) Kurdish Reality in an Emerging Iraq, Khaled Salih, University of Southern Denmark Provincial Not Ethnic Federalism in Iraq, M. Hakan Yavuz, associate professor of political science, University of Utah
Effect of Irrigation Type on Inoculum Density of Macrophomina phaseolina in Melon Fields in Arizona
Authors: Nischwitz C. , Olsen M. , Rasmussen S. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractCharcoal rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, has become increasingly problematic for melon growers using subsurface drip irrigation in Arizona; but has rarely been observed in fields with furrow irrigation. Since the relationship between increasing incidence of charcoal rot on melon and irrigation type is unknown, studies were initiated to determine the effects of edaphic factors on inoculum density. Soil samples were collected once from fields irrigated by subsurface drip, with and without plastic mulch, and by furrow at 10, 20 and 30 cm depths. Samples were analysed for percentage soil moisture, pH, salinity and inoculum density. Percentage soil moisture was significantly higher at 20 and 30 cm depths in the furrow‐irrigated field compared with the drip‐irrigated field with plastic mulch, but not in the field without plastic mulch. Average minimum and maximum temperatures and inoculum density were significantly lower at all three depths in the furrow‐irrigated field compared with both types of drip irrigation. pH was significantly higher in the furrow‐irrigated field compared with both types of drip irrigation at 20 and 30 cm depths but not at 10 cm depth. Differences in inoculum densities of M. phaseolina suggest that drip irrigation may contribute to higher disease incidences.
Effect of Grapevine Leafroll on the Photosynthesis of Field Grown Grapevine Plants (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Lagrein)
Authors: Bertamini M. , Muthuchelian K. , Nedunchezhian N. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWe have studied the effect of grapevine leafroll infection on some features of the thylakoids from field grown grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves. Changes in photosynthetic pigments, soluble proteins, ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBP), nitrate reductase, photosynthetic activities and thylakoid membrane proteins were investigated. The level of total chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoids were reduced in virus‐infected leaves. Similar results were also observed for soluble proteins and RuBP case activity. The in vivo nitrate reductase activity was significantly reduced in infected leaves. Virus infection considerably decreased leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E) in grapevine leaves. When various photosynthetic activities were followed in isolated thylakoids, virus infection caused marked inhibition of whole chain and photosystem (PS) II activity while the inhibition of PSI activity was only marginal. The artificial exogenous electron donors, diphenyl carbazide and hydroxylamine (NH2OH) significantly restored the loss of PSII activity in infected leaves. The same results were obtained when Fv/Fm was evaluated by Chl fluorescence measurements. The marked loss of PSII activity in infected leaves could be due to the loss of 47, 43, 33, 28–25, 23 and 17 kDa polypeptides. It is concluded that virus infection inactivates the donor side of PSII. This conclusion was confirmed by immunological studies showing that the content of the 33 kDa protein of the water‐splitting complex was diminished significantly in infected leaves.
Molecular Characterization of 16S Ribosomal DNA and Phylogenetic Analysis of Two X‐disease Group Phytoplasmas Affecting China‐tree (Melia azedarach L.) and Garlic (Allium sativum L.) in Argentina
Authors: Galdeano E. , Torres L. E. , Meneguzzi N. , Guzmán F. , Gomez G. G. , Docampo D. M. , Conci L. R. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractTwo phytoplasmas closely related to the X‐disease group were associated with China‐tree (Melia azedarach L.) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) decline diseases in Argentina. The present work was aimed at studying their phylogenetic relationship based on molecular characterization of the 16S ribosomal DNA sequences. Phytoplasma DNAs were obtained from naturally infected China‐tree and garlic plants from different geographical isolates. The results from analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms and nucleotide sequences of the 16S rDNA showed the affiliation of China‐tree and garlic decline phytoplasmas to the 16SrIII (X‐disease group), subgroups B and J, respectively. Both organisms had high sequence similarities in the 16SrDNA nucleotide sequence with the Chayote witches’ broom phytoplasma from Brazil. The phylogenetic tree, constructed by parsimony analysis, grouped the Garlic decline, China‐tree decline, Chayote witches’ broom and Clover yellow edge phytoplasmas into a cluster separated from the other phytoplasmas of the X‐disease group.
Influence of aquatic microbiota on the survival in water of the human and eel pathogen Vibrio vulnificus serovar E
Authors: Marco‐Noales Ester , Biosca Elena G. , Rojo Carmen , Amaro Carmen 
Published: March 2004

SummaryThe eel and human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus serovar E (biotype 2) is seldom isolated from natural waters, although it can survive in sterilized artificial seawater microcosms for years. The main objective of the present study was to investigate whether aquatic microbiota can limit its survival and recovery from water samples. A set of preliminary experiments of survival in microcosms containing natural seawater and water from eel farms showed that the persistence of this pathogen was mainly controlled by grazing, and secondarily by bacterial competition. The bacterial competition was further analysed in artificial seawater microcosms co‐inoculated with selected virulent serovar E (VSE) strains and potential competitors. Competitors included V. vulnificus biotype 1 isolates and strains of selected species that can grow on the selective media designed for V. vulnificus isolation from water samples. Evidences of bacterial competition that was detrimental for VSE recovery were recorded. Thus, some species produced a deleterious effect on VSE strains under starvation, and others were able to use the resources more efficiently under nutrient input. These results suggest that an overgrowth of more efficient competitor bacteria in conventional media used for isolation of V. vulnificus could mask the recovery of VSE strains and explain the scarcity of reports on the isolation of this human and eel pathogen from natural waters.
Investigations on cyanobacterial diversity in a shallow estuary (Southern Baltic Sea) including genes relevant to salinity resistance and iron starvation acclimation
Authors: Geiß Ulrike , Selig Uwe , Schumann Rhena , Steinbruch Robert , Bastrop Ralf , Hagemann Martin , Schoor Arne 
Published: March 2004

SummaryThe cyanobacterial diversity in the pelagic of a shallow estuary at the Southern Baltic Sea has been investigated by a combination of classical morphological data and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based molecular approach. The aim of the study was to investigate possible changes in the composition of the cyanobacterial community along the salinity and nutrient gradients. For this purpose partial gene sequences of cyanobacterial 16S rDNA and of two functional genes (ggpS– salinity tolerance marker, isiA– iron starvation marker) were amplified and compared with total community DNA. Random distribution of ggpS genotypes along the salinity gradient suggests that synthesis of the osmolyte glucosylglycerol is not restricted to higher salinity sampling sites. Most of the isiA sequences formed a new homogenous cluster in a phylogenetic tree, which indicates that the indigenous cyanobacterial community comprises a group of unknown species. Minimum iron concentrations, which can activate isiA transcription in model cyanobacteria, occurred at a few sampling sites with high phytoplankton biomass and moderate salinity. Nevertheless, isiA expression could be detected at all sampling sites, which indicated restricted iron supply to cyanobacterial phytoplankton in summer.
Quantification of gene expression in methanotrophs by competitive reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Han Jong‐In , Semrau Jeremy D. 
Published: March 2004

SummaryTo improve the monitoring of methanotrophic activity, a competitive reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) methodology was developed. Homologous internal RNA standards were created for mmoX and pmoA, genes encoding polypeptides of sMMO and pMMO, respectively. Using specific primer sets, expression of sMMO and pMMO could be quantified by means of competitive RT‐PCR and capillary electrophoresis with uncoated bare‐fused silica columns and UV detection. Using this technique, it was discovered that the amount of mRNA transcript for both mmoX and pmoA correlated well with whole‐cell sMMO and pMMO activity respectively. A method for soil RNA extraction was also developed to utilize this RNA quantification technique for the monitoring of methanotrophic activity in situ. In a model soil slurry system with a background concentration of 2.9 µM copper, it was found that only pmoA was transcribed by cells capable of expressing both forms of MMO. As pMMO and sMMO have very different substrate ranges and kinetics, this methodology may prove useful for optimizing in situ bioremediation by methanotrophs. Provided sufficient sequence information is available to create specific primer sets, these techniques can be applied for monitoring and measuring the activity of other microbial communities in situ.
Strain‐specific genomic regions of Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD‐1 as revealed by combinatorial random‐phase genome sequencing and suppressive subtractive hybridization
Authors: Antonopoulos Dionysios A. , Nelson Karen E. , Morrison Mark , White Bryan A. 
Published: March 2004

SummaryTwo closely related strains of the Gram‐positive, cellulolytic ruminal bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciens were compared at the genomic level by suppressive subtractive hybridization. The two strains investigated in this study differ by 1.94% in their respective 16S rDNA genes. Three hundred and eighty‐four PCR‐amplified products were cloned and then screened for their strain identity by dot blot hybridization. Based on redundancy percentages of the clones sequenced, 9.5% of the genome of the R. flavefaciens FD‐1 strain is not present in the JM1 strain. The majority of identities of individual cloned subtracted products (642 bp average length) bore no relation to deposited sequences in GenBank (42% of the subtracted library), whereas of those with putative assigned functions 7% are loosely associated with fibre‐degradation, 6% with insertion elements, transposons and phage‐like ORFs, 5% with cell membrane associated proteins and 3% with signal transduction. Subtracted sequences were then supplemented with the draft (2 × coverage) genome sequence of R. flavefaciens FD‐1 to indicate potential regions of rearrangement within the genome, including a novel insertion sequence.