bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MLJ Reviews
Authors: Liskin‐Gasparro Judith E. 
Published: September 2003

Books reviewed in this article:Azuma, Shoji, & Ryo Sambongi, Business JapaneseCastells, Matilde Olivella De, Elizabeth Guzmán, Paloma Lapuerta, & Carmen Garcí, Mosaicos: Spanish as a World LanguageCipris, Zeljko, & Shoko Hamano, Making Sense of Japanese Grammar: A Clear Guide through Common ProblemsCoupland, Nikolas, Srikant Sarangi, & Christopher N. Candlin. (Eds.), Sociolinguistics and Social TheoryDavidson, Fred, & Brian K. Lynch, Testcraft: A Teacher's Guide to Writing and Using Language Test SpecificationsDonahue, Ray T. (Ed.), Exploring Japaneseness: On Japanese Enactments of Culture and ConsciousnessErbaugh, Mary S. (Ed.) Difficult Characters: Interdisciplinary Studies of Chinese and Japanese WritingFinneman, Michael D., & Lynn Carbón, De lector a escritor: El desarrollo de la comunicación escritaFurry, Nina M., & Hannelore Jarausch, Cahier d’exercicesFurry, Nina M., & Hannelore Jarausch, Student audio CDFurry, Nina M., & Hannelore Jarausch, Bonne continuation: Approfondissement à l’écrit et à l’oralGao, Hong, The Physical Foundation of the Patterning of Physical Action Verbs: A Study of Chinese VerbsHammond, Robert M, The Sounds of Spanish: Analysis and Application (with Special Reference to American English)Inchaurralde, Carlos, María Cristina SÁiz, Ana Nocito, & Ulrike A. Kaunzner, Los sonidos del españolLewis, Cynthia, Literary Practices as Social Acts: Power, Status, and Cultural Norms in the ClassroomMacaro, Ernesto, Learning Strategies in Foreign and Second Language ClassroomsMesthrie, Rajend. (Ed.), Concise Encyclopedia of SociolinguisticsRobbie, Sheila, Tina Ruggirello, & Bernie Warren, Using Drama to Bring Language to Life: Ideas, Games and Activities for Teachers of Languages and Language ArtsRohsenow, John S, ABC Dictionary of Chinese ProverbsScollon, Ron, Mediated Discourse: The Nexus of PracticeScovel, Tom, Learning New Languages: A New Guide to Second Language AcquisitionShohamy, Elana, The Power of Tests: A Critical Perspective on the Uses of Language TestsSilva–Corvalán, Carmen, Sociolingüística y pragmática del españolStempleski, Susan, & Barry Tomalin, FilmTerrell, Tracy D., Magdalena Andrade, Jeanne Egasse, & Elias Miguel Muñoz, Dos MundosTerrell, Tracy D., Magdalena Andrade, Jeanne Egasse, & Elias Miguel Muñoz, Dos Mundos: Cuaderno de trabajo (Parts A & B).Tudor, Ian, The Dynamics of the Language ClassroomWhite, Patrick. (Ed.), Harrap's Unabridged Dictionary/DictionnaireWhite, Patrick, Harrap's Unabridged Dictionary/DictionnaireWoodward, Tessa, Planning Lessons and Courses: Designing Sequences of Work for the Language Classroom
Learning How and Learning What: Effects of Tacit and Codified Knowledge on Performance Improvement Following Technology Adoption
Authors: Edmondson Amy C. , Winslow Ann B. , Bohmer Richard M. J. , Pisano Gary P. 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACTThis paper examines effects of tacit and codified knowledge on performance improvement as organizations gain experience with a new technology. We draw from knowledge management and learning curve research to predict improvement rate heterogeneity across organizations. We first note that the same technology can present opportunities for improvement along more than one dimension, such as efficiency and breadth of use. We compare improvement for two dimensions: one in which the acquisition of codified knowledge leads to improvement and another in which improvement requires tacit knowledge. We hypothesize that improvement rates across organizations will be more heterogeneous for dimensions of performance that rely on tacit knowledge than for those that rely on codified knowledge (H1), and that group membership stability predicts improvement rates for dimensions relying on tacit knowledge (H2). We further hypothesize that when performance relies on codified knowledge, later adopters should improve more quickly than earlier adopters (H3). All three hypotheses are supported in a study of 15 hospitals learning to use a new surgical technology. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
The Role of Existing Knowledge in New Product Innovativeness and Performance
Authors: Brockman Beverly K. , Morgan Robert M. 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to provide a more thorough assessment of the link between existing knowledge and organizational performance than currently exists in the literature. We identify factors and processes influential in the management of existing knowledge within the areas of learning culture, knowledge building, and organizational performance. Through structural equation modeling, a more thorough examination is given of the role existing knowledge plays in new product performance and innovativeness. In completing this task, we provide insight into the subprocesses of knowledge building by evaluating the influence of shared interpretation and two aspects of information acquisition—efficiency and degree of innovativeness of newly acquired information—on new product development (NPD) outcomes. Included in the examination of these processes are organizational culture and structure characteristics believed to influence knowledge management success.
Understanding the Antecedents of Effective Knowledge Management: The Importance of a Knowledge‐Centered Culture*
Authors: Janz Brian D. , Prasarnphanich Pattarawan 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACTWithin the context of knowledge management, little research has been conducted that identifies the antecedents of a knowledge‐centered culture—those organizational qualities that encourage knowledge creation and dissemination. In this study, the existing literature on organizational climate, job characteristics, and organizational learning (in the form of cooperative learning theory) are linked with the current thinking and research findings related to knowledge management to develop a theoretical model explaining the relationships among organizational climate, the level of cooperative learning that takes place between knowledge workers, and the resulting level of knowledge created and disseminated as measured by team performance and individual satisfaction levels. The study goes on to empirically test the proposed research model by investigating the climate of organizations, and seeks to understand the linkage between a set of organizational and individual characteristics and knowledge‐related activities found in cooperative learning groups and the resulting work outcomes. The hypothesized research model is tested usingLISRELwith data collected from 203 information systems (IS) professionals engaged in systems development activities. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications the results have for future research and managerial practice.
An Empirical Study of the Effect of Knowledge Management Processes at Individual, Group, and Organizational Levels*
Authors: Sabherwal Rajiv , Becerra‐Fernandez Irma 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACTTo enhance our understanding of knowledge management, this paper focuses on a specific question: How do knowledge management processes influence perceived knowledge management effectiveness? Prior literature is used to develop the research model, including hypotheses about the effects of four knowledge management processes (internalization, externalization, socialization, and combination) on perceived individual‐level, group‐level, and organizational‐level knowledge management effectiveness. The study was conducted at the John F. Kennedy Space Center of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration using a survey of 159 individuals and two rounds of personal interviews. Structural equation modeling was performed to test measurement and structural models using the survey data. The emergent model suggests that internalization and externalization impact perceived effectiveness of individual‐level knowledge management. Socialization and combination influence perceived effectiveness of knowledge management at group and organizational levels, respectively. The results also support the expected upward impact in perceived effectiveness of knowledge management, from individual to group level, as well as from group level to organizational level. The study's limitations and implications for practice and future research are described.
Integrating Knowledge through Information Trading: Examining the Relationship between Boundary Spanning Communication and Individual Performance*
Authors: Teigland Robin , Wasko Molly McLure 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACTWith the global penetration of Internet technologies, individuals may now cross organizational boundaries to communicate efficiently with others regardless of time and space. Thus, when looking for help in solving work tasks, knowledge workers may just as easily contact individuals in rival firms across the globe as a coworker sitting at the next desk. As a result, management faces questions such as (1) How should firms manage employees' knowledge‐sourcing activities when they span both intra‐organizational and extra‐organizational boundaries, and (2) What is the relationship between different knowledge‐sourcing activities and individual performance? Grounded in the knowledge‐based view of the firm, we investigate these questions using data from Europe's largest information technology (IT) services and management consulting company. Our results provide evidence that organizations should support boundary spanning and knowledge sourcing from both internal and external sources. Results suggest (1) apositiverelationship between boundary spanning communication and creativity and general performance, and (2) anegativerelationship between a reliance on colocated coworkers as knowledge sources and creativity.
Experiential and Informational Knowledge, Architectural Marketing Capabilities, and the Adaptive Performance of Export Ventures: A Cross‐National Study
Authors: Morgan Neil A. , Zou Shaoming , Vorhies Douglas W. , Katsikeas Constantine S. 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACTKnowledge‐based view (KBV) theory posits that the acquisition and use of relevant knowledge is key to understanding organizational performance. However, there is relatively little empirical evidence to support or refute several important propositions underlying KBV theory explanations of organizational performance. In particular, the extant literature has focused on individual technical and scientific components of the knowledge bases of firms in dynamic industries, and largely ignored both different levels of informational and experiential knowledge relevant to the market environment, and the increasingly important context of exporting. Our study addresses these knowledge gaps by developing a framework for export venture knowledge management and empirically examining relationships between different types of individual‐level and organizational‐level knowledge relevant to the market environment, architectural marketing capabilities, and the adaptive performance of export ventures. Using primary data collected in the United Kingdom and China, our study indicates that export ventures' organizational‐level experiential and informational knowledge, and individual‐level experiential knowledge relevant to the market environment, is positively associated with export ventures' architectural marketing capabilities, which are in turn associated with the adaptive performance of export ventures.
The Role of Knowledge in Resource Allocation to Exploration versus Exploitation in Technologically Oriented Organizations*
Authors: Garcia Rosanna , Calantone Roger , Levine Ralph 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACTDecisions regarding research and development (R&D) activities of an organization greatly affect the fiscal and market outcomes of technologically oriented firms. Yet, the resource allocation choices between these two activities are tied strongly to an organization's technology knowledge. Technological knowledge is itself a resource that the firm can manage to achieve strategic and competitive advantage. In this paper, the authors present a system dynamics view of the decomposition of R&D efforts into explorative and exploitive activities and the resultant knowledge‐specific and performance outcomes from the decision to focus on one type of activity or another. Four factors are shown to affect the relative value of innovative knowledge to the organization: resource availability, exogenous competition, aging of knowledge bases, and adaptive capacity, a firm's ability to adapt to its environment. A variety of long‐ and short‐term strategic issues are discussed in relation to these forces.
High Levels of Interleukin-1 in Patients with Endemic Pemphigus Foliaceus
Authors: Rocha-Rodrigues Denise Bertulucci , Paschoini Giovana , Pereira Sanivia Aparecida Lima , Reis Marlene Antonia dos , Teixeira Vicente de Paula Antunes , Rodrigues Virmondes 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACTEndemic pemphigus foliaceus (EPF) is an autoimmune disease characterized by blister formation with a loss of cohesion and infiltration of inflammatory cells. We observed that supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients produced significantly more interleukin-1β (IL-1β) than those from stimulated healthy controls. Furthermore, a Th2 bias was observed in EPF patients when the IL-5/gamma interferon ratio was analyzed. These results indicate that cells from pemphigus patients react with a vigorous proinflammatory response.
Method for Simultaneous Measurement of Antibodies to 23 Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharides
Authors: Biagini Raymond E. , Schlottmann Sonela A. , Sammons Deborah L. , Smith Jerome P. , Snawder John C. , Striley Cynthia A. F. , MacKenzie Barbara A. , Weissman David N. 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACT
We describe a fluorescent covalent microsphere immunoassay (FCMIA) method for the simultaneous (multiplexed) measurement of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to 23 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PnPS) serotypes present in the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) licensed by the Food and Drug Administration, i.e., PnPSs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 8, 9N, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 17F, 18C, 19A, 19F, 20, 22F, 23F, and 33F. In addition, the assay incorporates an internal control that allows for contemporaneous evaluation of the effectiveness of pneumococcal cell wall polysaccharide (C-PS) preadsorption and a second control of PnPS 25 (which is not present in any polysaccharide or conjugate vaccine), which can be used to evaluate interassay reproducibility (useful for pre- versus postvaccination studies). The FCMIA was standardized with U.S. reference antipneumococcal serotype standard serum 89S-2. Preadsorption of 89S-2 with each PnPS and C-PS yielded homologous inhibition for serotypes 1, 6B, 9N, 9V, 11A, 12F,14, 15B, 18C, 19A, 19F, 20, 22F, 25, and 33F; heterologous inhibition for serotypes 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15B, 17F, 20, and 23F; and neither homologous nor heterologous inhibition for serotypes 2, 3, 4, and 5. The minimum detectable concentrations for the 24 multiplexed (PnPS and C-PS) FCMIAs ranged from 20 pg/ml for PnPS 3 to 600 pg/ml for PnPS 14. The PnPS FCMIA method has numerous benefits over enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays commonly used to measure anti-PnPS-specific IgG levels, including increased speed, smaller sample volumes, equivalent or better sensitivity, and increased dynamic range.
Antigen-Presenting Cell Modulation Induces a Memory Response to p24 in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals
Authors: Kolber Michael A. , Saenz Maria O. 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACTThe accurate determination of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific proliferative responses is critically important when evaluating immune recovery after highly active antiretroviral therapy. Using a new assay to enhance proliferative responses to recall and HIV antigen, we addressed the questions of whether viral load affects cellular immunity and whether long-term viral load suppression results in loss of antigen-specific responder cells. This assay is based on the fact that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can augment proliferative responses to antigen after monocyte adherence to a tissue culture plate. Twenty-six HIV-1-infected individuals donated peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). Proliferation assays against p24, using LPS and cell adherence, were performed on all samples. Medical record abstraction provided information on CD4 cell nadir and time of viral load suppression. PBL from HIV-1-infected individuals with a viral load of <200 copies/ml had a significant proliferative response and a stimulation index of >5 to p24 (12 of 15) compared to those with a viral burden (2 of 11), using the LPS-adherence assay. Proliferative responses to p24 could be found in PBL from virally suppressed donors independent of the CD4 cell nadirs and in the majority of the donors who were virally suppressed for >10 months (7 of 10). The data presented here demonstrate that LPS and monocyte adherence provide a sensitive and specific way to boost proliferative responses to recall and HIV antigens.
Detection of
Trypanosoma cruzi
and
Trypanosoma rangeli
Infection by Duplex PCR Assay Based on Telomeric Sequences
Authors: Chiurillo Miguel Angel , Crisante Gladys , Rojas Agustina , Peralta Andreina , Dias Manuel , Guevara Palmira , Añez Néstor , Ramírez José Luis 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACT

We used the species specificity and repetitious nature of subtelomeric kinetoplastida sequences to generate a duplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of
Trypanosoma cruzi
and
Trypanosoma rangeli
in experimentally and naturally infected triatomine (Reduviid) bugs and in infected human subjects. The assay was species specific and was capable of detecting 1/20th of
T. cruzi
and 1/4th of
T. rangeli
cell equivalents without complementary hybridization. In addition, the PCR-based assay was robust enough for direct application to difficult biological samples such as Reduviid feces or guts and was capable of recognizing all
T. cruzi
and
T. rangeli
strains and lineages. Because the assay primers amplify entirely different target sequences, no reaction interference was observed, facilitating future adaptation of this assay to an automated format.
Validation of Serological Correlate of Protection for Meningococcal C Conjugate Vaccine by Using Efficacy Estimates from Postlicensure Surveillance in England
Authors: Andrews Nick , Borrow Ray , Miller Elizabeth 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACTMeningococcal C conjugate (MCC) vaccines were licensed on the basis of serological correlates of protection without efficacy data. The original correlate of protection was established by using a serum bactericidal antibody assay (SBA) with human complement (hSBA), with titers ≥4 predicting protection. However, the antibody data supporting licensure were largely generated by SBA with rabbit complement (rSBA), which gives higher titers than hSBA. While rSBA titers ≥128 reliably predict protection, as measured by hSBA, sera with rSBA titers in the range of 8 to 64 may not have hSBA titers ≥4. For rSBA titers in this equivocal range, a fourfold rise pre- to postvaccination with the MCC vaccine and/or a characteristic booster response to a polysaccharide challenge was proposed as a correlate of protection. To validate this proposed rSBA correlate, age-specific efficacy estimates for MCC vaccines obtained from postlicensure surveillance in England were compared with the efficacy predicted by the percentage of individuals in these age groups with rSBA titers above different cutoffs at 4 weeks and at 7 to 9 months after vaccination with the MCC vaccine. The average time since vaccination in the cohorts in whom efficacy was measured ranged from 8 to 10 months. The rSBA cutoff of ≥128 was shown to significantly underestimate efficacy, with rSBA cutoffs of ≥4 or ≥8 at 4 weeks postvaccination with the MCC vaccine being the most consistent with observed efficacy. When the levels obtained 7 to 9 months postvaccination with the MCC vaccine were used, all rSBA cutoffs significantly underestimated efficacy, suggesting that continuing protection is less dependent on the SBA level at the time of exposure but is more reliant on immunologic memory.
Effect of Probiotic Bacteria on Induction and Maintenance of Oral Tolerance to β-Lactoglobulin in Gnotobiotic Mice
Authors: Prioult Guénolée , Fliss Ismail , Pecquet Sophie 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACTIn this study, the effect ofLactobacillus paracasei(NCC 2461),Lactobacillus johnsonii(NCC 533) andBifidobacterium lactisBb12 (NCC 362) on the induction and maintenance of oral tolerance to bovine β-lactoglobulin (BLG) was investigated in mice. Germfree mice were monocolonized with one of the three strains before oral administration of whey protein to induce tolerance. Mice were then injected with BLG and sacrificed 28 or 50 days after whey protein feeding for humoral and cellular response measurement. Conventional and germfree mice were used as controls. Both humoral and cellular responses were better suppressed in conventional mice than in germfree and monoassociated mice throughout the experiment and better suppressed inL. paracasei-associated mice than in mice colonized withB. lactisorL. johnsonii.The latter two mono-associations suppressed humoral responses only partially and cellular responses not at all. This study provides evidence that probiotics modulate the oral tolerance response to BLG in mice. The mono-colonization effect is strain-dependant, the best result having been obtained withL. paracasei.
Antibody Responses to
Escherichia coli
O157 and Other Lipopolysaccharides in Healthy Children and Adults
Authors: Navarro Armando , Eslava Carlos , Hernandez Ulises , Navarro-Henze Jose Luis , Aviles Magali , Garcia-de la Torre Guadalupe , Cravioto Alejandro 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACT

In Mexico, diarrheal disease due to different serotypes of
Escherichia coli
is highly prevalent, with only sporadic isolation of O157 non-H7 strains. This could be due to exposure to the O157 or related
E. coli
lipopolysaccharide (LPS), such as O7 or O116, at an early age. By using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting, the present study analyzed 605 serum samples from Mexican adults and infants without clinical symptoms of disease for the presence of antibodies to these three
E. coli
LPSs. The bactericidal activities of homologous and heterologous rabbit and human serum samples against O7, O116, and O157
E. coli
LPSs were also determined. By using a cutoff point of 0.7, it was found by the ELISAs that 28 of 562 (5%) of the serum samples from adolescents and adults and 2 of 43 (5%) of the serum samples from infants less than 1 year of age reacted with the O157 LPS. By using cutoff points between 0.4 and 0.699, the proportion of serum samples from both age groups that reacted with the O157 LPS increased to 20%. Western blotting analysis of selected serum samples that showed an intermediate response against the O157 LPS by the ELISAs showed that 61 of 88 (69%) reacted with the same LPS. A similar result was observed for maternal milk samples. The bactericidal activities of rabbit serum samples against the O7, O116, and O157 LPSs showed that they were positive for both homologous and heterologous antigens. Similar results were observed with the human serum samples. O157 non-H7 strains were identified in only 10% of the
E
.
coli
strains isolated from 263 Mexican children with and without diarrhea over the past 15 years. This absence of O157:H7 strains in Mexico may be associated with the presence of antibodies against O157 or related
E. coli
LPSs.