bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National EMS Research Agenda: Proceedings of the Implementation Symposium
Authors: Sayre Michael R. , White Lynn J. , Brown Lawrence H. , McHenry Susan D. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe National EMS Research Agenda identified eight recommendations for improving the conduct of emergency medical services (EMS) research in the United States. EMS leaders from across the country attended a two‐day symposium to discuss implementation of the Research Agenda recommendations. The participants suggested specific methods to move the recommendations forward. These included improving training opportunities for EMS researchers, stimulating increases in available funding sources, facilitating the integration of research into practice, and crafting alterations within the regulatory environment. Participants felt that EMS must be more broadly integrated into the public health continuum. Federal agencies, states, local governments, charitable foundations, and corporations are asked to examine their practices to increase opportunities for participation in EMS research programs at all stages of the process.
Evaluation of a New High‐viscosity Octylcyanoacrylate Tissue Adhesive for Laceration Repair: A Randomized, Clinical Trial
Authors: Singer Adam J. , Giordano Philip , Fitch Jeffrey L. , Gulla Janet , Ryker Dennis , Chale Stuart 
Published: October 2003

Abstract Objective: Tissue adhesives have recently been approved for skin closure. Their low viscosity may result in inadvertent migration. The authors compared the tendency of the adhesive to migrate after laceration closure with a high‐ or low‐viscosity octylcyanoacrylate (OCA). Methods: This was a randomized, clinical trial set in university and community‐based emergency departments. Participants included patients with simple traumatic lacerations. Patients were randomized to laceration closure with low‐ or high‐viscosity OCA tissue adhesive. The outcome measured was immediate adhesive migration (interobserver agreement, κ= 0.90). Data analysis was performed with proportions compared with chi‐square and Fisher's exact tests. Results: Eighty‐four patients were randomized to low‐ (n= 42) or high‐ (n= 42) viscosity OCA tissue adhesive. Groups were similar in baseline patient and wound characteristics. The high‐viscosity OCA was less likely to migrate than the lower‐viscosity agent (21% vs. 78%, p < 0.001; odds ratio = 0.3, 95% confidence interval = 0.1 to 0.5). The proportion of patients who noted a sensation of heat during OCA application was higher in the high‐viscosity groups (44% vs. 26% respectively, p = 0.11); however, all such patients in both groups would use the device again. At 14 days, there were no wound infections in either group. There was one dehiscence in the high‐viscosity group. Conclusions: The high‐viscosity OCA tissue adhesive was less likely to migrate than the lower‐viscosity device. Wound dehiscence and infection rates were acceptably low in both treatment groups.
Emergency Medicine Subinternship: Can We Provide a Standard Clinical Experience?
Authors: Coates Wendy C. , Gendy Mary S. , Gill Andrew M. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractMedical students have varied experiences on the emergency medicine (EM) subinternship. Didactic curricula can be standardized. Objectives: To determine if uniformity in clinical curricula is possible by assessing whether students can see patients with certain chief complaints (CC). Methods: Prospective interventional analysis at a public teaching hospital. Control group (CG) students saw patients of their choice and recorded encounters in logbooks. Test group (TG) students were asked to see at least one patient with: orthopedic injury (OR); asthma exacerbation (AE); acute coronary syndrome (ACS); traumatic injury (TR); laceration (LAC); or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). TG students prospectively recorded these patients on a separate logbook page. Logbooks were reviewed by two investigators to determine if a patient with each diagnosis was seen. Chi‐square analysis tested for differences in sample proportions between TG and CG. Multivariate analyses controlled for TG, specialty choice, and gender. p < 0.05 represented statistical significance. Results: One hundred fifty (88 TG; 62 CG) students participated. Differences existed between TG and CG in the proportion of students who saw a patient with each CC: OR: 93% TG, 69% CG (p < 0.0001); AE: 86% TG, 63% CG (p < 0.0008); ACS: 97% TG, 58% CG (p < 0.0001); TR: 97% TG, 58% CG (p < 0.0001); LAC: 98% TG, 89% CG (p < 0.0220); DKA: 68% TG, 47% CG (p < 0.0086). Logistic regressions explaining the probability of seeing each CC showed the variable controlling for TG was positive and significant for 5 CCs: p = 0.0013 (OR); 0.0038 (AE); 0.0001 (ACS); 0.0001 (TR); 0.0229 (DKA). No difference was found for LAC: p = 0.0570. Conclusions: Students can be directed to see patients with particular CCs. TG students saw more patients with certain CCs than CG students, p < 0.0001. This intervention can help educators provide a well‐rounded, uniform clinical EM experience.
Intravenous 2-Deoxy-d-Glucose Injection Rapidly Elevates Levels of the Phosphorylated Forms of p44/42 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (Extracellularly Regulated Kinases 1/2) in Rat Hypothalamic Parvicellular Paraventricular Neurons
Authors: Khan Arshad M. , Watts Alan G. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractCRH neurons within the medial parvicellular part of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVHmp) can respond to afferent inputs encoding stress-related information by initiating peptide synthesis (signaling cascades, transcription, and translation) and/or peptide release. However, understanding these cellular events is hampered by three outstanding issues: 1) neural inputs that activate CRH neurons remain incompletely identified; 2) the identity and temporal dynamics of signaling pathways within CRH neurons are poorly understood; and 3) the precise coupling of the first two issues has not been established. Here, we report that the phosphorylated forms of p44/p42 MAPKs (pERK1/2) are rapidly detected in PVHmp cells after iv infusion of the antimetabolite, 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG). Combined immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization revealed that pERK1/2 immunoreactivity is detectable 10 min after 2-DG infusion not only within most PVHmp neurons containing CRH mRNA (78.6% of mean total CRH cells counted) but also in many non-CRH neurons (45.5% of mean total sampled cells). In contrast, Fos protein in the PVHmp was not detected within this time period, consistent with the known time course for its translation. Stress associated with halothane exposure also robustly elevated pERK1/2 levels in PVHmp neurons approximately 10 min after exposure. Our results implicate pERK1/2 in stress-induced activation of CRH neurosecretory cells and underscore their utility as indices of rapid cellular activation. Because 2-DG-induced activation of CRH gene transcription in these neurons requires a catecholaminergic input, our data also suggest that pERK1/2 could couple afferent catecholaminergic signals with CRH gene expression in these neurons.
Trophoblasts acquire a chemokine receptor, CCR1, as they differentiate towards invasive phenotype
Authors: Sato Yukiyasu , Higuchi Toshihiro , Yoshioka Shinya , Tatsumi Keiji , Fujiwara Hiroshi , Fujii Shingo 
Published: October 2003

At the human feto-maternal interface, trophoblasts differentiate towards extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) and form the cell column. EVTs acquire invasive activity in the distal part of the cell column and begin to migrate into the maternal tissue. We previously reported that dipeptidyl peptidase IV(DPPIV) is expressed on EVTs in the proximal part of cell column and is involved in the inhibition of their migration. Because DPPIV has been shown to degrade several chemokines, we examined possible roles of chemokines in EVT migration.Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that C-C chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1) was hardly detected on cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblast but was expressed on EVTs in the cell column. In vitro, CCR1 protein was also present on the surface of EVTs that grew out from chorionic villous explants cultured under 20% O2. Chemokines that can bind to CCR1 (CCR1 ligands), such as regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), were confirmed in the decidual tissues by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. These CCR1 ligands promoted the migration of the EVTs that were isolated from the explant cultures in vitro. These results indicate that CCR1 is expressed on trophoblasts as they differentiate to EVTs and that CCR1 ligands produced from the decidual tissue induce EVT migration.By contrast, CCR1 was scarcely expressed on EVTs that grew out from villous explants cultured in 1% O2, indicating that a relatively high oxygenic environment is needed to induce CCR1 expression. Moreover, CCR1 expression on the isolated EVTs was significantly reduced in the presence of decidua-conditioned medium. Such regulation of CCR1 by surrounding oxygenic and decidual environments supports a close correlation between EVT invasion and their expression of CCR1.This study demonstrates that trophoblasts acquire CCR1 as they differentiate to an invasive phenotype at the villus-anchoring sites and indicates a novel role for the chemokine-CCR1 system in the initial step of trophoblastic invasion towards the maternal tissue.
Strain patterns induced by press-fitting and by an external load in hip arthroplasty: A photoelastic coating study on bone models
Authors: Cristofolini L , Metti C , Viceconti M 
Published: October 2003

The success of prostheses is highly dependent upon load transfer and bone stresses. Reflection photoelasticity is a viable technique for measuring stress patterns in vitro. However, when a cementless stem is tested, the resultant stresses under load are the sum of the implantation stresses and of those induced by load application. Separating these two components is a critical issue that so far has not been thoroughly solved using photoelasticity. Implantation strains and strain under load were measured separately by a suitable procedure: the photoelastic coating was applied to the femur after stem press-fitting. Thus, when an external load is applied (e.g. to simulate a physiological activity), the fringe patterns indicate the effect of the external load alone. Implantation strains are measured independently, after load removal; the stem is extracted and stresses are released, causing a new fringe pattern. The method was used to investigate the stress pattern caused by press-fitting of two cementless hip stems and that caused by a load applied to the implanted femora. Different isochromatic and isoclinic patterns were observed for the strain distribution caused by load application and by press-fitting for two stem designs. Differences in press-fit pattern and load transfer were successfully detected between the two designs.
A technique for the determination of post-yield material properties from the small punch test
Authors: Zidan A. A , Brookfield D. J 
Published: October 2003

The aim of the present work was to determine post-yield material properties from small punch test results, i.e. from the force-displacement curve obtained in such a test. This determination was made by comparing the experimental curve with a large set of previously determined finite element (FE) curves for differing post-yield properties expressed in terms of Ramberg and Osgood parameters. A simple cost function was then used to find the closest FE curve and thus provide an estimate of the post-yield properties. This estimate was then updated using an optimization technique based on the Matlab ‘fminsearch’ function and an interface with the ABAQUS FE code, giving a reliable estimate of the post-yield material properties. The FE analysis and model were validated by comparison with other small punch tests and the FE curves were additionally used to determine von Mises stresses, equivalent plastic strains and displacements. The method used to determine post-yield properties from small specimens has been demonstrated by determining the material properties of stainless steel. The technique is particularly relevant to those steels used in pressure vessels.
IPRP (Integrated-Pyrolysis Regenerated Plant): Gas turbine and externally heated rotary-kiln pyrolysis as a biomass and waste energy conversion system. Influence of thermodynamic parameters
Authors: Fantozzi F , D'Alessandro B , Bidini G 
Published: October 2003

Sustainability is one of the main goals to achieve in order to guarantee a future for future generations and requires, among other issues, the recourse to renewable energy sources and the minimization of waste production. These two issues are contemporarily achieved when converting waste and residual biomass into energy. This paper presents an innovative concept for energy conversion of the abovementioned residual fuels; it combines a rotary-kiln pyrolyser, where the residual energy sources are converted into a medium lower heating value (LHV) syngas, with a gas turbine that produces energy, and also provides waste heat to maintain the endothermic pyrolysis reaction. Byproducts of the reaction include char and tars that have an interesting energetic content and may also be used to provide supplementary heat to the process. Through software modelling the paper analyses the influence on performance of main thermodynamic parameters, showing the possibilities of reaching an optimum for different working conditions that are characteristic of different sizes of gas turbines. This is interesting both for medium-to-big size power plants, where the IPRP efficiency is comparable to a grate-based incinerator, but at lower investment costs, and in the micro-small scale, for which there is no available technology on the market.
A Facile Synthesis of 2,4-Disubstituted 3-Fluoroquinolines via Intramolecular Cyclization of o-Cyanomethylamino-β,β-difluorostyrenes
Authors: Wada Yukinori , Mori Takashi , Ichikawa Junji 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
o-Cyanomethylamino-β,β-difluorostyrenes are treated with base (LiTMP, NaH, or K2CO3) to generate the corresponding carbanions, which in turn readily undergo intramolecular replacement of the vinylic fluorine and subsequent elimination to afford 2,4-disubstituted 3-fluoroquinolines in good yield.
Temperature-Dependent Solid-state Luminescence and Reversible Phase Transition of (n-Bu4N)[Au(SC6H3-3,5-Me2)2]
Authors: Watase Seiji , Kitamura Takayuki , Kanehisa Nobuko , Nakamoto Masami , Kai Yasushi , Yanagida Shozo 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
The solid-state luminescence, thermal behavior, and phase transition of the gold(I) complex with 3,5-dimethylbenzenethiolate are discussed. The emission decay process of this complex switches accompanied by the reversible phase transition without destruction of the crystal lattice.
Preparation and Fluorescent Properties of Rhodamine B–hexadecylamine-intercalated Graphite Oxide Thin Film
Authors: Matsuo Yoshiaki , Fukutsuka Tomokazu , Sugie Yosohiro 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Thin film samples of Rhodamine B–hexadecylamine-intercalated graphite oxides were prepared by cast method from chlorofolm solution of Rhodamine B and hexadecylamine-intercalated graphite oxide. The emission maxima red-shifted with increasing Rhodamine B content in the sample. The tilted alkylamine may prevent the formation of nonfluorescent Rhodamine B H-dimer.
A New Method for the Preparation of Aluminum and Titanium Tris(2,6-diphenylphenoxide) Reagents and Their Application in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Sato Atsushi , Hattori Asuka , Ishihara Kazuaki , Saito Susumu , Yamamoto Hisashi 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
A new method for the preparation of aluminum and titanium trisphenoxides was realized using tetraallyltin or α-pinene as a proton-trapping agent. Thus obtained chlorotitanium reagent was converted to the corresponding cation-type reagent, which proved to be an effective catalyst for epoxide rearrangements.
Controlling the Hydrophobic Properties of Water-soluble Stilbene Dendrimers
Authors: Hayakawa Junpei , Momotake Atsuya , Nagahata Ritsuko , Arai Tatsuo 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
The Intramolecular energy transfer from the dendron subunit to the stilbene core in water-soluble stilbene dendrimer 2 increased from 49% to ca. 100% by added salt.
Framework Assembly Engineering. Effects of Nitro Groups on Assemblies of Phenyldicarboxylates
Authors: Ma Ai-Qing , Shi Zhan , Xu Ru-Ren , Pang Wen-Qin , Zhu Long-Guan 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
A novel 2-D complex [Cu(nbdc)(phen)(H2O)] (nbdc = 2-nitro-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate dianion and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) has been synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray analysis. It exhibits nice fluorescent property. The modifying group plays a key role in the assembly of the framework.
Stabilization of a Self-assembled Coordination Nanotube by Covalent Link
Authors: Tominaga Masahide , Kato Masanori , Okano Takashi , Sakamoto Shigeru , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Fujita Makoto 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
A newly designed oligopyridine ligand in which two tris(3,5-pyridine) units are linked by an alkyl spacer is complexed with (en)Pd(NO3)2 leading to the self-assembly of a coordination nanotube with an empty cavity. The covalent link in the ligand considerably stabilizes the tube because the tube framework without the covalent link does not assemble unless a template is employed. Size-discriminated alkane inclusion by the tube is also disclosed.
Novel and Efficient Organic Liquid Electrolytes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells Based on a Ru(II) Terpyridyl Complex Photosensitizer
Authors: Hara Kohjiro , Nishikawa Takeshi , Sayama Kazuhiro , Aika Kenichi , Arakawa Hironori 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
We have developed a novel and efficient organic liquid electrolyte composed of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, iodine (I2), and acetonotrile solvent for a nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cell sensitized with a Ru(II) terpyridyl complex. A solar energy-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 8.0% was attained under AM 1.5 irradiation (100 mW cm−2).
A Self-assembled Helix from 4,6-Dimethylpyrimidine and Copper(II) Bromide
Authors: Ishida Takayuki , Yang Liming , Nogami Takashi 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
A 1:1 polymeric complex of 4,6-dimethlpyrimidine and CuBr2 was spontaneously resolved to afford a 61 helix. Steric effects seem to play an important role for constructing a helical structure. Magnetic measurements showed a uniform S = 1/2 1-D behavior. A dinuclear complex is also obtained as a precursor to the polymeric complex.
Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation of Toluene Vapor in Air on Highly Hydrophobic TiO2 Pillared Clay
Authors: Ooka Chihiro , Yoshida Hisao , Suzuki Kenzi , Hattori Tadashi 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Hydrophobicity of TiO2 pillared clay prepared from different raw clays increased with the order of the raw clay; saponite &lt; montmorillonite &lt; fluorine mica. This order agreed with that of performance in both adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of toluene vapor in humid air.
Improved Cycleability of Oxygen Stoichiometric Li1+xMgyMn2−x−yO4+δ at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Deng Bohua , Nakamura Hiroyoshi , Yoshio Masaki 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
A new type of oxygen stoichiometric Mg-doped LiMn2O4 spinels with improved crystallinity and decreased surface area was prepared by a special “two-step” method. These materials exhibited greatly improved cycleabilty (ca. 1.5% capacity loss after 50 cycles) and reduced Mn dissolution at elevated temperature than conventional Mg-doped materials.
Enhanced Electrochemomechanical Behaviors of Polyaniline Films by Chloride Concentrations
Authors: Takashima Wataru , Nakashima Megumi , Pandey Shyam S , Kaneto Keiichi 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Electrochemomechanical deformations (ECMD) of polyaniline film have been enhanced in hydrochloric acid (HCl) equilibrated in pH 1.2 with sodium chloride (NaCl). The maximum film deformation has been reached to 7%, which is two times larger than that observed in 1 M HCl. Taking the pH dependence of redox-potential into account, this enhancement can be explained by the increase of anion doping ratio.
Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Niobium-Containing Hexagonal Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Liu Yanyong , Murata Kazuhisa , Inaba Megumu 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Niobium-containing hexagonal mesoporous silica has been synthesized using n-dodecylamine as a template; the novel material is very active as a catalyst in the epoxidation of propylene with hydrogen peroxide and alkyl peroxides as oxidants.
Alkylation of α-Halo Diketones via Enol Phosphate Intermediate
Authors: Onishi Jim Yoshitaka , Takuwa Tomofumi , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
β-Substituted α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds were obtained in moderate to high yields by a 1,4-addition of organocuprates to enol phosphate intermediates formed in situ from triethyl phosphite and 2-bromo-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.
Synthesis of Nickel Sulfide via Hydrothermal Microemulsion Process: Nanosheet to Nanoneedle
Authors: Chen Deliang , Gao Lian , Zhang Peng 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Monolayer-dispersed two-dimensional (2-D) nickel sulfide nanosheets have been synthesized by a simple microemulsion-assisted hydrothermal process. It has been found that the 2-D nanosheets can roll into one-dimensional (1-D) nanoneedles. The mechanisms of the sulfuration reaction and the formation of low-dimensional (LD) nanostructures were discussed.
Critical Role of Val567 in Substrate Recognition by Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase for NO Formation Activity
Authors: Takahashi Hiroto , Sato Yuko , Moreau Magoli , Sari Marie-Agnes , Boucher Jean-Luc , Mansuy Daniel , Sagami Ikuko , Shimizu Toru 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Leu and Phe mutations at conserved Val567 located within the substrate binding site of neuronal nitric oxide synthase markedly lowered activity on the physiological substrates, l-Arg and NG-hydroxy-l-Arg, and other potential alkyl- and arylguanidine substrates, suggesting that the residue at this position is important for substrate recognition by the enzyme.
The Dynamic Response and Characteristics of an Oxygen Vacuum Swing Adsorption Process to Step Perturbations. Part 1. Open Loop Responses
Authors: Beh C.C.K. , Webley P.A. 
Published: October 2003

Oxygen vacuum swing adsorption (VSA) has emerged as an important unit operation in many chemical engineering processes such as iron and aluminium smelting, making oxygen the third largest man-made chemical commodity in the world. Although a mature technology (with the first patents published in the 1970s), oxygen VSA processes are still not well understood due to their complicated batch-like operation, inherent non-linearities and inverse responses associated with the operating conditions. Step perturbations of manipulated variables together with the process response provide valuable information for the study of system dynamics, the extent of interaction and control loop pairings. The first part of this study presents data from input perturbations gathered from a pilot-scale experimental oxygen VSA process. The interesting time-variant temperature profiles, and bed and system pressures, flows and purity are the main focus of the discussion. Furthermore, the possible applications of this knowledge for heuristic-based control are discussed.