bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A regulatedMET3‐GLC7gene fusion provides evidence of a mitotic role forSaccharomyces cerevisiaeprotein phosphatase 1
Authors: Black Sheila , Andrews Paul D. , Sneddon Alan A. , Stark Michael J. R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiaepossesses a single essential gene (GLC7) encoding protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). Elevated expression of this gene from theGAL1promoter is highly detrimental to the cell, causing a growth defect and aberrant bud morphology, which leads to cells exhibiting long, extended buds. By comparison, expression ofGLC7from the weakerMET3promoter was without significant effect on either growth or morphology. However, repression ofGLC7expression from theMET3promoter in cells where theMET3‐GLC7fusion was the sole source of PP1 resulted in a mitotic delay. Such cultures showed a massive decrease in the rate of proliferation in conjunction with a significant increase in the proportion of large, budded cells. 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining and anti‐tubulin immunofluorescence analysis of these cells revealed that many were blocked in mitosis, with a short spindle and DAPI‐stained material stretched between the mother and daughter cell within the bud neck. These results support a role for PP1 in the completion of mitosis inS. cerevisiae.
Analysis of a 42·5 kb DNA sequence of chromosome X reveals three tRNA genes and 14 new open reading frames including a gene most probably belonging to the family of ubiquitin–protein ligases
Authors: Huang Meng‐Er , Chuat Jean‐Claude , Galibert Francis 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have sequenced a 42,500 bp stretch located on chromosome X of Saccharomyces cerevisiae between the genes MET3 and CDC8. This stretch contains 24 open reading frames (ORFs) of at least 100 amino acids. Ten of these correspond to previously published sequences, whereas of the 14 remaining ORFs, only one, GTD892, has significant similarity to proteins from yeast or other organisms. It may belong to the family of ubiquitin–protein ligases and be involved in the ubiquitin‐dependent proteolytic pathway. In addition, three tRNA genes were recognized, two of which had not been hitherto localized. The sequence has been deposited in the Genome Sequence Data Base under Accession Number L36344.
A short‐chain dehydrogenase gene from Pichia stipitis having D‐arabinitol dehydrogenase activity
Authors: Hallborn Johan , Walfridsson Mats , Penttilä Merja , Keränen Sirkka , Hahn‐hägerdal Bärbel 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAn NAD+‐dependent D‐arabinitol dehydrogenase (polyol dehydrogenase) gene was isolated from Pichia stipitis CBS 6054 and cloned in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The gene was isolated by screening of a λ‐cDNA library with a zymogram technique. D‐Arabinitol, xylitol, D‐glucitol and galactitol are substrates for the recominant protein. With D‐arabinitol as substrate the reaction product is D‐ribulose. The molecular weight of the native tetramer enzyme is 110 000 Da and the monomer is 30 000 Da. The amino acid sequence is homologous to the short‐chain dehydrogenase family. It is 85·5% identical to a D‐arabinitol dehydrogenase from Candida albicans. The gene in P. stipitis was induced by D‐arabinitol and P. stipitis was able to grow on D‐arabinitol. The physiological role of D‐rabinitol metabolism is discussed.
VII. Yeast sequencing reports. The complete sequence of a 9000 bp fragment of the right arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII contains four previously unknown open reading frames
Authors: Guerreiro P. , Silva A. Maia E. , Barreiros T. , Rodrigues‐Pousada C. , Arroyo J. , García‐Gonzalez M. , Nombela C. , García‐Saez M. I. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe report the sequence of a 9000 bp fragment from the right arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII. Analysis of the sequence revealed four complete previously unknown open reading frames, which were named G7587, G7589, G7591 and G7594 following standard rules for provisional nomenclature. Outstanding features of some of these proteins were the homology of the putative protein coded by G7589 with proteins involved in transcription regulation and the transmembrane domains predicted in the putative protein coded by G7591. The sequence reported has been deposited in the EMBL data library under Accession Number X82775.
Ribosomal frameshifting in yeast viruses
Authors: Dinman Jonathan D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractProper maintenance of translational reading frame by ribosomes is essential for cell growth and viability. In the last 10 years it has been shown that a number of viruses induce ribosomes to shift reading frame in order to regulate the expression of gene products having enzymatic functions. Studies on ribosomal frameshifting in viruses of yeast have been particularly enlightening. The roles of viral mRNA sequences and secondary structures have been elucidated and a picture of how these interact with host chromosomal gene products is beginning to emerge. The efficiency of ribosomal frameshifting is important for viral particle assembly, and has identified ribosomal frameshifting as a potential target for antiviral agents. The availability of mutants of host chromosomal gene products involved in maintaining the efficiency of ribosomal frameshifting bodes well for the use of yeast in future studies of ribosomal frameshifting.
XIV. Yeast sequencing reports. Sequence analysis of a 30 kb DNA segment from yeast chromosome XIV carrying a ribosomal protein gene cluster, the genes encoding a plasma membrane protein and a subunit of replication factor C, and a novel putative serine/threonine protein kinase gene
Authors: Maurer Kick C. T. , Urbanus Jos H. M. , Planta Rudi J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have determined the nucleotide sequence of a 30 kb fragment of chromosome XIV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The sequence revealed the presence of 19 open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 300 bp. NO422 and NO425 correspond to the split ribosomal protein genes encoding S16A and rp28, respectively, NO450 displays a striking similarity with serine/threonine protein kinase genes, in particular with STE20, and therefore may encode a novel member of this protein family. NO453 is the longest ORF in this DNA segment, having a size of 4908 bp, but its function is not yet known. NO530 encodes the plasma membrane protein Mid1p and NO533 corresponds to the gene coding for a 40 kDa subunit of replication factor C. The remaining ORFs show weak or no homology with proteins in the data bases. The sequence has been submitted to the EMBL data library under Accession Number U23084.
Methylotrophic yeasts as factories for the production of foreign proteins
Authors: Faber Klaas Nico , Harder Wim , Ab Geert , Veenhuis Marten 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn this contribution we discuss the potential of methylotrophic yeasts as hosts for the high level production of valuable foreign proteins. Recent relevant achievements on the intracellular production or secretion of proteins are summarized. Special attention is paid to a specific advantage of the use of methylotrophic yeasts, namely the possibility of accumulating the foreign gene products inside peroxisomes. This approach may be of major advantage when the protein product is toxic for the host cell and, also, to protect these proteins these proteins from undesired side‐effects such as proteolysis or aggregation.
The low‐affinity component of the glucose transport system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not due to passive diffusion
Authors: Gamo Francisco J. , Moreno Eulalia , Lagunas Rosario 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIt has been claimed that the low‐affinity component of glucose transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is due to passive diffusion of the sugar across the plasma membrane. We have investigated this possibility. For this purpose we have measured the permeability coefficient of hexoses in this organism. We have found that this coefficient is at least two to three orders of magnitude lower than required to account for the low‐affinity component of glucose transport, and have concluded that this component is not due to passive diffusion.
Yeast sequencing reports. Molecular cloning and sequencing of the hcs gene, which encodes 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme a synthase of Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Katayama Satoshi , Adachi Nami , Takao Kouta , Nakagawa Tsuyoshi , Matsuda Hideyuki , Kawamukai Makoto 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have cloned and sequenced the hcs gene, which is thought to encode a 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) synthase consisting of 447 amino acids, from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The predicted amino acid sequence of the hcs product of S. pombe has homology with the HMG‐CoA synthase of rat (47·8%), chicken (49·2%), hamster (47·1%) and human cells (46·9%). One of the hcs genes was replaced with a marker gene in the diploid cell. No viable hcs‐disrupted haploid was isolated after tetrad dissection, suggesting that the hcs gene is essential for growth. However the hcs‐defective mutant could be grown on a medium containing 5 mg/ml mevalonate. These results strongly support that the hcs gene encodes HMG‐CoA synthase and S. pombe contains a single copy of the hcs gene. The sequence of the hcs gene has been entered into the public data libraries under Accession Number U32187.
[PSI] and [URE3] as yeast prions
Authors: Wickner Reed B. , Masison Daniel C. , Edskes Herman K. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract[URE3] is a non‐Mendelian genetic element that mimics recessive mutations in the chromosomal URE2 gene making cells derepressed for nitrogen catabolic enzymes. [PSI] is a non‐Mendelian enhancer of readthrough of translational termination similar in its effects to some mutations in the chromosomal SUP35 gene. Three lines of evidence led to the proposal75 that both [URE3] and [PSI] are prions, infectious proteins analogous to the scrapie agent mediating transmissible spongiform encephalopathies of mammals. (1) Both [PSI] and [URE3] are reversibly curable. (2) [PSI] propagation requires SUP35 and [URE3] propagation requires URE2 with recessive chromosomal mutants having the same phenotypes as the presence of the respective dominant non‐Mendelian element. (3) Overproduction of Sup35p and Ure2p increases the frequency of cells acquiring [PSI] or [URE3], respectively.
Acute heart failure: Clinical presentation, one‐year mortality and prognostic factors
Authors: Rudiger Alain , Harjola Veli‐Pekka , Müller Andreas , Mattila Eero , Säila Petrus , Nieminen Markku , Follath Ferenc 
Published: May 2005

AimsAcute heart failure (HF) is a common but ill‐defined clinical entity. We describe patients hospitalised with acute HF in regard of clinical presentation, mortality, and risk factors for an unfavourable outcome.Methods and resultsWe conducted a prospective study including 312 consecutive patients from two European centers hospitalised with acute HF, defined as new onset or worsening of symptoms and signs of HF within 7 days. The mean age was 73 years and 56% were men. Twenty‐eight percent had de‐novo acute HF and 72% a decompensation of chronic HF. Coronary heart disease (CHD) was the most frequent underlying heart disease, elevated blood pressure >150 mmHg and acute ischemia being the most important triggers. Four percent of the patients had cardiogenic shock, 13% presented with pulmonary edema. LV‐EF was <35%, 35−50% and >50% in 35%, 32% and 33% of the patients, respectively. ICU‐treatment was necessary in 39% of the patients. Thirty‐day mortality (11%) was increased in the presence of shock or elevated troponin T levels. Twelve‐month all‐cause mortality (29%) increased in the presence of shock, left ventricular dysfunction, renal insufficiency, CHD, and age.ConclusionsThis prospective study shows that despite modern treatment, morbidity and mortality of patients hospitalised with acute HF remain high.
The effect of dietary copper on the fatty acid composition and physical properties of pig adipose tissues
Authors: Moore J.H. , Christle W.W. , Braude R. , Mitchell K. G 
Published: May 2005

1. Control groups of pigs were given a basal diet alone and treated groups received the same diet supplemented with 250 ppm of copper. The animals were about 10 weeks of age at the start of the experiments and were killed when they weighed 90 kg live weight.2. The ratio of oleic acid to stearic acid in the whole back fat (inner plus outer layers) was somewhat higher in the pigs given the copper supplement than in the control animals. The melting point of the back fat was about 10° lower in the pigs given the copper supplement than in the control groups.3. Separate analyses of the inner and outer layers of the back fat showed that the ratio of oleic acid to stearic acid in the outer fat layer of the control pigs, and in both the inner and the outer fat layers of the pigs given the copper supplement, was somewhat higher than that in the inner fat layer of the control animals. The melting point of the outer fat layer of the control pigs and of both back fat layers in the pigs given the copper supplement was 10–15° lower than that of the inner fat layer of the control groups.4. Evidence is presented that changes in the positional distribution of the fatty acids within the triglycerides of the back fats rather than differences in gross fatty acid composition are mainly responsible for the observed differences in physical properties.
The effect of vitamin D in rats maintained on diets with different mineral content but with the same calcium to phosphorus ratio of unity
Authors: Harrand R. B. , Hartles R. L. 
Published: May 2005

1. Eight groups of ten weanling rats were maintained for 60 d on diets containing calcium and phosphorus in the ratio 1:1 (w/w) at four different levels of mineral, namely 0.08, 0.12, 0.24 and 0.36% Ca, with and without the addition of ergocalciferol.2. Provision of vitamin D increased final body-weight except at the highest level of mineral intake. Similarly, increasing the mineral intake increased final body-weight except at the highest level.3. Vitamin D raised the serum Ca concentration at all levels of mineral intake but in the experiment as a whole had no significant effect on serum P concentration. Serum Ca concentration was significantly higher at the two higher levels of mineral intake than at the two lower levels. Increasing dietary mineral caused a progressive increase in serum P concentration, except at the highest level of intake.4. In general, the addition of vitamin D to the diets had no effect on the fresh or dry weights of the humeri; there was an indication, however, that at the two lower levels of mineral intake, vitamin D reduced the fresh weight of bone. The addition of the vitamin caused a reduction in bone volume, and an increase in bone length, bone ash and the ratio of the weight of ash to the weight of organic matter in dry, fat-free bone. With increasing dietary mineral there was an increase in the value of all the bone measurements except bone volume, which was decreased.5. The addition of vitamin D and increasing dietary mineral both caused an increase in tooth mass and ash content.6. The ratios of tooth mass to bone mass, and tooth ash to bone ash were unaffected by vitamin D, but decreased with increasing mineral intake.7. Histological examination of the bones showed that the animals receiving 0.08 % of Ca and P were markedly rachitic although the presence of vitamin D ameliorated the condition. When the dietary mineral intake was raised to 0.12% Ca and P the animals were less severely rachitic and in the presence of vitamin D the bones appeared normal.8. The incisor teeth were abnormal at the two lower levels of mineral intake, but when vitamin D was provided, the histological appearance was improved. When the Ca and P level in the diet was 0.24%, the incisal dentine appeared normal but the apical predentine was slightlywider thannormal; addition of vitamin D produced teeth of normal appearance. The incisor teeth were normal in appearance in the remaining groups.9. These results are compared with those obtained in two previous studies where the Ca to P ratios were 1:10 and 10:1 (Harrand & Hartles, 1968, 1969).
The urinary aromatic acids excreted by sheep given S24 perennial ryegrass cut at six stages of maturity
Authors: Martin A. K. 
Published: May 2005

1. S 24 perennial ryegrass was harvested at six stages of its growth from young leafy herbage to mature grass in which the seed had shed.2. Two sheep were offered 1kg/d of each cut and two other sheep were offered 750 g/d of each cut of grass.3. The contents of some possible precursors of the urinary aromatic acids excreted by sheep, namely, shikimic acid, quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, total o-dihydroxyphenolic compounds, lignin and crude protein were determined in each cut of grass.4. A gas-liquid chromatographic method for the determination of the aromatic acids present in light petroleum extracts of urine was developed.5. The urinary excretion of creatinine, diethyl ether-soluble acids, hippuric acid, total benzoic, phenylacetic and phenylpropionic acids, and the apparent digestibilities of nitrogen, lignin and dry matter were determined with each sheep offered each cut of grass.6. The quantity of the various aromatic acid fractions excreted by sheep decreased as the maturity of the herbage increased and was directly proportional to the amount of food consumed.7. No relationship was found between the intake of possible benzoic acid precursors and the urinary excretion of benzoic acid. With diets of young herbage, smaller amounts of benzoic acid were excreted in the urine than would be predicted from the intakes of the precursors studied, and with mature herbage greater amounts were excreted than would be predicted.8. Possible reasons for these results are discussed, and the nature of additional precursors of urinary aromatic acids excreted by sheep given mature herbages are considered.9. Urinary excretion of phenylacetic acid varied with diet in a manner which closely followed the intake of apparently digestible nitrogen. A highly significant (P < 0.001) exponential relationship was found between these two variables; it was log10E = 0.05 N –0.63, where E is the urinary phenylacetic acid output (g/kg food) and N the intake of apparently digestible nitrogen (g/kg food).
Effects of zinc deficiency on food intake and feeding patterns of rats
Authors: Chesters J. K. , Quarterman J. 
Published: May 2005

1. The effects of alterations of the protein and zinc concentrations of a semi-synthetic diet on the food intake and dietary preferences of Zn-deficient and normal rats have beencompared.2. The voluntary food intake of Zn-deficient rats fell to 70% 96 of that of the controls. The day-to-day variation of intake increased markedly and was associated with a cyclical pattern of food consumption. When the food intake of deficient rats was slightly restricted the troughs of the cycles disappeared.3. Concurrent with the fall in food intake, Zn-deficient rats ceased to gain weight, but a similar change was found with pair-fed controls.4. Force-feeding Zn-deficient rats with 140 % of their voluntary intake rapidly induced signs of ill-health.5. Reduction of the protein content of the diet from 20 to 5 % resulted in an increased food intake and the disappearance of the cyclical pattern of intake. Growth, however, was not renewed.6. Zn-deficient rats responded to a Zn-supplemented diet within 1–2 h by an increased food intake.7. Zn-deficient rats were able to discriminate between diets containing 6 and I ppm Zn when both diets were offered simultaneously.8. The responses of Zn-deficient rats to Zn-containing diets did not occur if the diets did not contain protein.
Cloning and Functional Characterization of a Formin-Like Protein (AtFH8) from Arabidopsis
Authors: Yi Kexi , Guo Chunqing , Chen Ding , Zhao Binbin , Yang Bin , Ren Haiyun 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe actin cytoskeleton is required for many cellular processes in plant cells. The nucleation process is the rate-limiting step for actin assembly. Formins belong to a new class of conserved actin nucleator, which includes at least 2 formin homology domains, FH1 and FH2, which direct the assembly of unbranched actin filaments. The function of plant formins is quite poorly understood. Here, we provide the first biochemical study of the function of conserved domains of a formin-like protein (AtFH8) from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The purified recombinant AtFH8(FH1FH2) domain has the ability to nucleate actin filaments in vitro at the barbed end and caps the barbed end of actin filaments, decreasing the rate of subunit addition and dissociation. In addition, purified AtFH8(FH1FH2) binds actin filaments and severs them into short fragments. The proline-rich domain (FH1) of the AtFH8 binds directly to profilin and is necessary for nucleation when actin monomers are profilin bound. However, profilin inhibits the nucleation mediated by AtFH8(FH1FH2) to some extent, but increases the rate of actin filament elongation in the presence of AtFH8(FH1FH2). Moreover, overexpression of the full-length AtFH8 in Arabidopsis causes a prominent change in root hair cell development and its actin organization, indicating the involvement of AtFH8 in polarized cell growth through the actin cytoskeleton.
Local Coexpression Domains of Two to Four Genes in the Genome of Arabidopsis
Authors: Ren Xin-Ying , Fiers Mark W.E.J. , Stiekema Willem J. , Nap Jan-Peter 
Published: May 2005

AbstractExpression of genes in eukaryotic genomes is known to cluster, but cluster size is generally loosely defined and highly variable. We have here taken a very strict definition of cluster as sets of physically adjacent genes that are highly coexpressed and form so-called local coexpression domains. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome was analyzed for the presence of such local coexpression domains to elucidate its functional characteristics. We used expression data sets that cover different experimental conditions, organs, tissues, and cells from the Massively Parallel Signature Sequencing repository and microarray data (Affymetrix) from a detailed root analysis. With these expression data, we identified 689 and 1,481 local coexpression domains, respectively, consisting of two to four genes with a pairwise Pearson's correlation coefficient larger than 0.7. This number is approximately 1- to 5-fold higher than the numbers expected by chance. A small (5%–10%) yet significant fraction of genes in the Arabidopsis genome is therefore organized into local coexpression domains. These local coexpression domains were distributed over the genome. Genes in such local domains were for the major part not categorized in the same functional category (GOslim). Neither tandemly duplicated genes nor shared promoter sequence nor gene distance explained the occurrence of coexpression of genes in such chromosomal domains. This indicates that other parameters in genes or gene positions are important to establish coexpression in local domains of Arabidopsis chromosomes.