bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pitfalls of usingvideo‐EEGfor a trial endpoint in children aged <4 years with focal seizures
Authors: Bozorg Ali , Beller Cynthia , Jensen Lori , Arzimanoglou Alexis , Chiron Catherine , Dlugos Dennis , Gaitanis John , Wheless James W. , McClung Carrie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveDouble‐blind, randomized, and placebo‐controlled trial SP0967 (NCT02477839/2013‐000717‐20) did not demonstrate superior efficacy of lacosamide versus placebo in patients aged ≥1 month to <4 years with uncontrolled focal seizures, per ≤72 h video‐electroencephalogram (video‐EEG)‐based primary endpoints (reduction in average daily frequency of focal seizures at end‐of‐maintenance [EOM] versus end‐of‐baseline [EOB], patients with ≥50% response). This was unexpected because randomized controlled trial SP0969 (NCT01921205) showed efficacy of lacosamide in patients aged ≥4 to <17 years with uncontrolled focal seizures. SP0969's primary endpoint was based on seizure diary instead of video‐EEG, an issue with the latter being inter‐reader variability. We evaluated inter‐reader agreement in video‐EEG interpretation in SP0967, which to our knowledge, are the first such data for very young children with focal seizures from a placebo‐controlled trial.MethodsLocal investigator and central reader agreement in video‐EEG interpretation was analyzed post hoc.ResultsAnalysis included 105 EOB and 98 EOM video‐EEGs. Local investigators and central reader showed poor agreement based on ≥2 focal seizures at EOB (Kappa = 0.01), and fair agreement based on ≥2 focal seizures at EOM (Kappa = 0.23). Local investigator and central reader seizure count interpretations varied substantially, particularly for focal seizures, but also primary generalized and unclassified epileptic seizures, at both timepoints.InterpretationHigh inter‐reader variability and low inter‐reader reliability of the interpretation of seizure types and counts prevent confident conclusion regarding the lack of efficacy of lacosamide in this population. We recommend studies in very young children do not employ video‐EEGs exclusively for accurate study inclusion or as an efficacy measure.
Fully CMOS‐Based p‐Bits with a Bistable Resistor for Probabilistic Computing
Authors: Kim Jaehyun , Han Joon‐Kyu , Maeng Ho‐Young , Han Janguk , Jeon Jeong Woo , Jang Yoon Ho , Woo Kyung Seok , Choi Yang‐Kyu , Hwang Cheol Seong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractProbabilistic computing can solve complex combinatorial optimization problems more efficiently than conventional deterministic computing. A probabilistic bit (p‐bit) with an n‐p‐n bistable resistor (biristor) is demonstrated for probabilistic computing. It is fabricated on an 8‐inch wafer with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) compatible technologies. Its stochastic behavior of threshold switching, which is based on the phenomenon of a single transistor latch, provides output with a Boltzmann distribution. The p‐bit is composed of a biristor, a serial resistor, and a comparator. The output probability of the biristor‐based p‐bits shows a sigmoidal relationship with the input voltage, showing typical p‐bit characteristics. Invertible Boolean logic operations with p‐bits are demonstrated, and weighted maximum Boolean satisfiability problems are solved with high energy efficiency and accuracy. The biristor‐based p‐bits with perfect CMOS compatibility show sufficient device stability, demonstrating the possibility of large‐scale integration with a p‐bit array for complex optimization solvers.
Interface Engineering for Enhancing Air‐Stable Spin‐Charge Interaction in Molecular Spin‐Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Hu Shunhua , Qin Yang , Lu Shuhang , Guo Lidan , Gu Xianrong , Yang Tingting , Zhang Rui , Meng Ke , Zhang Cheng , Wu Meng , Sun Xiangnan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMolecular semiconductors (MSCs) are known as ideal candidates for constructing room‐temperature spin‐charge interactive devices due to their long spin lifetimes and abundant photoelectric properties. These devices can achieve novel and valuable functionalities such as room‐temperature supply units of fully spin‐polarized current. Unfortunately, their performances (sub‐0.1 nA) remain unsatisfactory due to limited charge and spin injection efficiency, which can hardly be improved despite great efforts thus far. Herein, from the theoretical side, an interfacial tunnel layer with precisely‐controlled barrier in spintronic devices may simultaneously enhance spin and charge injection. Accordingly, a solution‐processed small molecule with smooth morphology and amorphous structure is introduced to form a uniform and well‐controllable barrier in molecular spin‐photovoltaic devices. By modulating the thickness to effectively control the barrier, both spin and charge injection efficiency increase by > 150%. Thus, the spin‐charge interactive functionalities as supply units of fully spin‐polarized current have also been significantly improved than the current record at room temperature, the output fully spin‐polarized current (>2 nA) is 1200%‐larger, and the output power increases by > 50 times. Moreover, the interface‐modified spintronic devices exhibit excellent stability even after 70 days of exposure to air, which is essential for practical applications in the future.
A Triple‐Responsive Polymeric Prodrug Nanoplatform with Extracellular ROS Consumption and Intracellular H2O2 Self‐Generation for Imaging‐Guided Tumor Chemo‐Ferroptosis‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Yongjuan , Cao Yongjian , Ma Kunru , Ma Rong , Zhang Mengzhe , Guo Yichen , Song Haiwei , Sun Nannan , Zhang Zhenzhong , Yang Weijing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHigh reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in tumor microenvironment (TME) impair both immunogenic cell death (ICD) efficacy and T cell activity. Furthermore, tumor escapes immunosurveillance via programmed death‐1/programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) signal, and the insufficient intracellular hydrogen peroxide weakens ferroptosis efficacy. To tackle the above issues, a glutathione (GSH)/ROS/pH triple‐responsive prodrug nanomedicine that encapsulates Fe2O3 nanoparticle via electrostatic interaction is constructed for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided multi‐mode theranostics with chemotherapy/ferroptosis/immunotherapy. The diselenide bond consumes ROS in TME to increase T cells and ICD efficacy, the cleavage of which facilitates PD‐L1 antagonist D peptide release to block immune checkpoint. After intracellular internalization, Fe2O3 nanoparticle is released in the acidic endosome for MRI simultaneously with lipid peroxides generation for tumor ferroptosis. Doxorubicin is cleaved from polymers in the condition of high intracellular GSH level accompanied by tumor ICD, which simultaneously potentiates ferroptosis by NADPH oxidase mediated H2O2 self‐generation. In vivo results indicate that the nanoplatform strengthens tumor ICD, induces cytotoxic T lymphocytes proliferation, inhibits 4T1 tumor regression and metastasis, and prolongs survival median. In all, a new strategy is proposed in strengthening ICD and T cells activity cascade with ferroptosis as well as immune checkpoint blockade for effective tumor immunotherapy.
Coexistence of Quantum‐Spin‐Hall and Quantum‐Hall‐Topological‐Insulating States in Graphene/hBN on SrTiO3 Substrate
Authors: Obata Reiji , Kosugi Mioko , Kikkawa Takashi , Kuroyama Kazuyuki , Yokouchi Tomoyuki , Shiomi Yuki , Maruyama Shigeo , Hirakawa Kazuhiko , Saitoh Eiji , Haruyama Junji 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSrTiO3 (STO) substrate, a perovskite oxide material known for its high dielectric constant (ɛ), facilitates the observation of various (high‐temperature) quantum phenomena. A quantum Hall topological insulating (QHTI) state, comprising two copies of QH states with antiparallel two ferromagnetic edge‐spin overlap protected by the U(1) axial rotation symmetry of spin polarization, has recently been achieved in low magnetic field (B) even as high as ≈100 K in a monolayer graphene/thin hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) spacer placed on an STO substrate, thanks to the high ɛ of STO. Despite the use of the heavy STO substrate, however, proximity‐induced quantum spin Hall (QSH) states in 2D TI phases, featuring a topologically protected helical edge spin phase within time‐reversal‐symmetry, is not confirmed. Here, with the use of a monolayer hBN spacer, it is revealed the coexistence of QSH (at B = 0T) and QHTI (at B ≠ 0) states in the same single graphene sample placed on an STO, with a crossover regime between the two at low B. It is also classified that the different symmetries of the two nontrivial helical edge spin phases in the two states lead to different interaction with electron‐puddle quantum dots, caused by a local surface pocket of the STO, in the crossover regime, resulting in a spin dephasing only for the QHTI state. The results obtained using STO substrates open the doors to investigations of novel QH spin states with different symmetries and their correlations with quantum phenomena. This exploration holds value for potential applications in spintronic devices.
A Spiking Artificial Vision Architecture Based on Fully Emulating the Human Vision
Authors: Wu Yi , Deng Wenjie , Li Kexin , Wang Xiaoting , Liu Bo , Li Jingzhen , Chen Zhijie , Zhang Yongzhe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntelligent vision necessitates the deployment of detectors that are always‐on and low‐power, mirroring the continuous and uninterrupted responsiveness characteristic of human vision. Nonetheless, contemporary artificial vision systems attain this goal by the continuous processing of massive image frames and executing intricate algorithms, thereby expending substantial computational power and energy. In contrast, biological data processing, based on event‐triggered spiking, has higher efficiency and lower energy consumption. Here, this work proposes an artificial vision architecture consisting of spiking photodetectors and artificial synapses, closely mirroring the intricacies of the human visual system. Distinct from previously reported techniques, the photodetector is self‐powered and event‐triggered, outputting light‐modulated spiking signals directly, thereby fulfilling the imperative for always‐on with low‐power consumption. With the spiking signals processing through the integrated synapse units, recognition of graphics, gestures, and human action has been implemented, illustrating the potent image processing capabilities inherent within this architecture. The results prove the 90% accuracy rate in human action recognition within a mere five epochs utilizing a rudimentary artificial neural network. This novel architecture, grounded in spiking photodetectors, offers a viable alternative to the extant models of always‐on low‐power artificial vision system.
Multifunctional Ultrathin Recycled PET‐Based Membrane for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, Antibacterial and Thermal Management
Authors: Jiang Zhuomin , Piao Shuqing , Park Taewook , Li Shengjun , Kim Yonghwan , Lee Eunji , Bae Chaewon , Lee Yejin , Im Hyung‐Jun , Oh Jungsuek , Piao Yuanzhe , Lee Kangwon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith the advent of 5G and the Internet of Things (IoT), there is a high demand for lightweight and flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding membranes with multifunctional capabilities. However, the rapid advancement of technology has led to environmental deterioration, emphasizing the significance of eco‐friendly and sustainable materials for EMI shielding. In this study, a novel environment‐friendly EMI shielding membrane with electric thermotherapy function and antibacterial properties is developed. The membrane substrate utilizes recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) and is sequentially coated with synthesized FeCo@C nanoparticles (NPs) and silver nanowires (Ag NWs). The membrane is then dip‐coated with PDMS to modify the surface superhydrophobicity. Experimental results affirm that the developed environment‐friendly EMI shielding membrane possesses exceptional shielding efficiency (68 dB) and can be effectively utilized for safe and low‐voltage thermotherapy (137 °C by 2 V) while exhibiting antibacterial properties.
Programmable Delivery of Fluoxetine via Wearable Bioelectronics for Wound Healing In Vivo
Authors: Li Houpu , Yang Hsin‐ya , Asefifeyzabadi Narges , Baniya Prabhat , Lopez Andrea Medina , Gallegos Anthony , Zhu Kan , Nguyen Tiffany , Hernandez Cristian , Zlobina Ksenia , Recendez Cynthia , Hsieh Hao‐Chieh , Tebyani Maryam , Carrión Héctor , Selberg John , Luo Le , Alhamo Moyasar A. , Barbee Alexie , Orozco Jonathan , Hsieh Cathleen , Soulika Athena M. , Levin Michael , Norouzi Narges , Gomez Marcella , Zhao Min , Teodorescu Mircea , Isseroff Roslyn Rivkah , Rolandi Marco 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe ability to deliver drugs with precise dosages at specific time points can significantly improve disease treatment while reducing side effects. Drug encapsulation for gradual delivery has opened the doors for a superior treatment regimen. To expand on this ability, programming bioelectronic devices to deliver small molecules enables ad‐hoc personalized therapeutic profiles that are more complex than gradual release. Here, a wearable bioelectronic device with an integrated electrophoretic ion pump that affords on‐demand drug delivery with precise dose control is introduced. Delivery of fluoxetine to wounds in mice result in a 27.2% decrease in the macrophage ratio (M1/M2) and a 39.9% increase in re‐epithelialization, indicating a shorter inflammatory phase and faster overall healing. Programmable drug delivery using wearable bioelectronics in wounds introduces a broadly applicable strategy for the long‐term delivery of a prescribed treatment regimen with minimal external intervention.
2D MXene Interface Engineered Bismuth Telluride Thermoelectric Module with Improved Efficiency for Waste Heat Recovery
Authors: Theja Vaskuri C. S. , Karthikeyan Vaithinathan , Assi Dani S. , Huang Hongli , Kannan Venkatramanan , Chen Yue , Shek Chan‐Hung , Roy Vellaisamy A. L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGraphene analog MXenes are the best options for interface engineering traditional thermoelectric materials. For the first time, a composite‐engineered TEG device composed of heavily doped bismuth and antimony telluride with incorporated Ti3C2Tx (MXene) nanoflakes is developed. Incorporated MXenes improved the electrical conductivity by carrier injection and reduces thermal conductivity by interfacial phonon scattering in both composites. The fabricated composite TEG device resulted in a maximum power of 1.14 mW and a power density of 6.1 mWcm−2. The fabricated composite TEG also demonstrates strong power generation stability and durability. Added MXenes improve the mechanical stability by employing a dispersion‐strengthening mechanism. Conclusively, the developed composite‐engineered TEG device is a facile and efficiency‐improving option for next‐generation bismuth telluride‐based commercial TEG devices.
Unraveling UV Degradation Pathways in Inverted Organic Solar Cells Incorporating A‐DA'D‐A Type Non‐Fullerene Acceptors
Authors: Xiao Jingyang , Li Ning , Yin Qingwu , Min Yonggang , Yip Hin‐Lap 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOperational stability is the main obstacle to the industrial applications of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this study, different degradation mechanisms under continuous simulated solar radiation are demonstrated for high‐performance non‐fullerene OSCs based on commonly used electron transport materials, i.e., ZnO and SnO2. The ZnO‐induced decomposition pathways of A‐DA'D‐A type non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) under UV illumination are unraveled for the first time and related to N‐dealkylation of pyrrole from the core moiety. In the case of SnO2, poor photo‐stability is primarily ascribed to a high density of trap states, which can be diminished by surface modification to achieve better device stability that is comparable with the stability under LED illumination without UV components. With a thorough understanding of the degradation pathways, this study provides valuable guidelines for designing high‐performance and stable non‐fullerene OSCs.
Microwave‐assisted Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed C8‐Regioselective C−H Alkenylation and Arylation of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroquinolines with Alkenyl and Aryl Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Zhao Haoqiang , Zeng Qi , Yang Ji , Huang Xinran , Li Xiaohan , Lei Haimin , Xu Lijin , Walsh Patrick J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRh(I)‐catalyzed C8‐selective C−H alkenylation and arylation of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines with alkenyl and aryl carboxylic acids under microwave assistance have been realized. Using [Rh(CO)2(acac)] as the catalyst and Piv2O as the acid activator, 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines undergo C8‐selective decarbonylative C−H alkenylation with a wide range of alkenyl and aryl carboxylic acids, affording the C8‐alkenylated or arylated 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines. This method enables the synthesis of C8‐alkenylated 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines that would otherwise be difficult to access by means of conventional C−H alkenylation protocols. Moreover, this catalytic system also works well in C8‐selective decarbonylative C−H arylation of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines with aryl carboxylic acids. The catalytic activity strongly depends on the choice of the N‐directing group, with the readily installable and removable N‐(2‐pyrimidyl) group being optimal. The catalytic pathway is elucidated by mechanistic experiments.
Early economic evaluation of the digital gait analysis system for fall prevention–Preliminary analysis of the GaitSmart system
Authors: Zanghelini Fernando , Xydopoulos Georgios , Fordham Richard , Rodgers Geraldine , Khanal Saval 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo develop an early economics evaluation (EEE) to assess the cost‐effectiveness of the GS in reducing the RoF and FoF.MethodsA cost‐effectiveness analysis (CEA) with a return on investment (RoI) estimation was performed. CEA used the most relevant parameters, such as increased gait speed and decreased FoF, to estimate the reduction in the RoF, the impact on health care resources used and financial implications for the National Health System in the United Kingdom. Outcomes were measured as incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio per quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) gained based on the reduction of the RoF and FoF. Uncertainties around the main parameters used were evaluated by probabilistic sensitivity analysis.ResultsThe CEA results showed that the GS is a dominant strategy over the standard of care to improve the movements of older persons who have suffered a fall or are afraid of falling (incremental QALYs based on FoF = 0.77 and QALYs based on RoF = 1.07, cost of FoF = ‐£4479.57 and cost of RoF = ‐£2901.79). By implementing the GS, the ROI results suggest that every pound invested in the GS could result in cost savings of £1.85/patient based on the RoF reduction and £11.16/patient based on the FoF reduction. The probability of being cost saving based on the number of iterations were 79.4 percent (based on FoF) and 100 percent (based on RoF).ConclusionThe EEE supports the main hypothesis that the GS is an effective intervention to avoid falls and is potentially cost saving.
Cold sintering of perovskite‐based mixed conducting membrane for oxygen separation
Authors: Zhou Wanglin , Fan Zheng , Jiang Hanjun , Wu Zhentao , Liu Zhengkun , Zhang Guangru , Jin Wanqin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCold sintering has attracted significant attention as its remarkably rapid densification process at low sintering temperatures leads to considerable energy savings. However, the sintering behaviors of cold‐sintered perovskite ceramics remain poorly understood and lack precise control over material microstructure. Here, we fabricated dense SrCo0.8Fe0.2O3−δ (SCF) ceramic oxygen permeation membranes by cold sintering. Adding an appropriate ratio of sub‐micron SCF particles can better bridge the sintering interspaces between micron particles, generate amorphous phase through “dissolution‐precipitation,” and aid in the initial densification. The average relative density of SCF membranes undergoes a significant increase to 95.9% after cold sintering and post‐annealing at 900°C, which is much lower than the temperature required for conventional high‐temperature solid‐state sintering (>1200°C). The oxygen permeation flux of the prepared SCF perovskite membrane reaches 2.8 mL min−1 cm−2, which proves that this method has the potential to be an excellent sintering technique for dense perovskite ceramic membranes.
Metal‐Free Substituent‐Controlled Direct Synthesis of Unprecedented Iminotetrazoles via One‐pot Ugi‐Azide Reaction
Authors: Khanam Ariza , Tiwari Ashwani , Lal Mohan , Dubey Shashiprabha , Kant Ruchir , Kumar Mandal Pintu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEasy operation, readily accessible starting materials, and direct synthesis of iminotetrazoles via metal‐free aerobic oxidation were achieved in one‐pot Ugi‐azide multicomponent reactions. A study of the reactivity of 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde (Salicylaldehyde) as single reactant replacement (SSR) in classical Ugi reaction has been carried out showing an outcome that differs by simply varying the ortho‐substituents of the benzaldehyde moiety. In doing so, various substituted imino tetrazole products could be obtained directly in one step by simple execution without oxidation step in good yields. Characterization of these new iminotetrazole products was confirmed by X‐ray analysis.
Positive behaviour support under the National Disability Insurance Scheme in Australia: Barriers, enablers and support needs from the perspective of practitioners
Authors: Fisher Alinka , Louise Kymberly , Reschke Katrina , Kremer Peter , Kelly Glenn 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the experiences of behaviour support practitioners providing positive behaviour support (PBS) under the Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), including perceived barriers and enablers of practice, and ongoing support needs. It reports on data provided by NDIS PBS practitioners (n = 392) in a cross‐sectional mixed methods survey employed to examine the characteristics and experiences of behaviour support practitioners working across Australia. Qualitative data from open‐ended questions were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. The key barriers to practice included “the current service systems,” “engaging and collaborating with stakeholders” and “limited PBS expertise across the sector.” Enablers of good practice related to “organisation systems and practice supports/tools,” “practice supervision” and “quality training and professional development opportunities.” Ongoing support needs identified included the need for “further PBS training,” “improved service systems” and “access to clinical supports and practice guidance.” Findings suggest that whilst some practitioners report positive experiences, a large majority experience significant barriers to their PBS practice. They describe potential supports to overcome these barriers, which emphasise the need for further PBS training, clinical supervision/oversight and more efficient service systems. Findings have implications for PBS practice, policy and research in Australia.