bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of PUFA at sn‐2 position in dietary triacylglycerols on the fatty acid composition of adipose tissues in non‐ruminant farm animals
Authors: Scheeder Martin R. L. , Gumy Didier , Messikommer Ruth , Wenka Caspar , Lambelet Pierre 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe influence of the distribution of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the glycerol backbone of dietary triacylglycerols on the fatty acid profile of adipose tissue and muscle phospholipids was investigated in growing‐finishing pigs (48) and broiler chicken (84). The animals were fattened on barley/soybean meal diets supplemented with a blend of soybean oil and beef tallow, either in the ratio 3:1 w/w (high‐PUFA) or 1:3 w/w (low‐ PUFA). Part of the high‐ and low‐PUFA blends was chemically interesterified to randomly distribute all fatty acids over the three positions of the glycerol. Thus, two sets of diets of identical overall fatty acid composition, but differing in the distribution of fatty acids in the triacylglycerols, were fed. Growth performance and carcass composition were neither affected by fatty acid composition nor by randomisation of dietary fats in either animal species. Apparent digestibility of energy was slightly lower in pigs fed the low‐PUFA blends. Fatty acid profile of subcutaneous fat of pigs and broilers as well as of internal body fat (lamina subserosa) and muscle phospholipids of pigs varied according to the dietary fatty acid composition but was not affected by randomisation of dietary fats. These findings are explained in terms of the hydrolysis of TAG during transport of lipids from enterocytes to adipose tissue cells and the continuous lipolysis and re‐esterification of fatty acids that take place in adipose tissue cells.
Synthesis and Absolute Configuration of (−)‐Subersic Acid, a Sponge‐Derived, Terpenoidal Inhibitor of Human 15‐Lipoxygenase
Authors: Tanada Yoshihisa , Mori Kenji 
Published: February 2003

Abstract(−)‐Subersic acid (1), a new derivative of p‐hydroxybenzoic acid in which the m‐position is substituted with a bicyclic diterpenoid, was synthesized from (S)‐3‐hydroxy‐2,2‐dimethylcyclohexanone and p‐hydroxybenzoic acid. The stereochemistry of this sponge‐derived inhibitor of human 15‐lipoxygenase was established as (5R,10R)‐1. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Highly Enriched Mixtures of Methohexital Stereoisomers by Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylation and Their Anaesthetic Activity
Authors: Brunner Henri , Ittner Karl‐Peter , Lunz Dirk , Schmatloch Stefan , Schmidt Thomas , Zabel Manfred 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe stereoselective Pd‐catalyzed allylation of MBA [5‐(2′‐hex‐3′‐ynyl)‐1‐methylbarbituric acid] gives the commercial injection narcotic methohexital, which exists as four isomers: two diastereomeric pairs of enantiomers. The isomer composition produced depends on three stereochemical parameters: catalyst control, substrate control, and kinetic resolution. Judicious choice of these parameters allowed the synthesis of methohexital samples with greatly differing isomer compositions, and these samples were investigated with respect to their anaesthetic doses in rats. Some isomer compositions obtained were much more active than the commercially used drug and showed fewer side effects. As a consequence of the determination of the absolute configuration of the methohexital (SbRh) isomer, the unknown configuration of the trade product, the so‐called α‐racemate, can be established as (RbSh) and (SbRh). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Electroimmobilization of MAO into a Polypyrrole Film and Its Utilization for Amperometric Flow Detection of Antidepressant Drugs
Authors: Vela M. H. , de Jesus Djane S. , Couto Cristina M. C. M. , Araújo Alberto N. , Montenegro M. C. B. S. M. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe preparation of a biosensor based on the enzymatic immobilization in polypyrrole polymer for the detection of antidepressant drugs is described. The enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) was immobilized by electropolymerization of pyrrole around a platinum electrode, at a constant potential of +0.75 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in such a way to obtain a membrane thickness, which was constant and equal to 100 mC/cm2. The biosensor was obtained from a 0.1 M KCl saline solution containing pyrrole at a concentration equal to 0.4 M and 2.5 mU/mL of MAO. The biosensor was adapted to a continuous flow injection analysis system (FIA) with the amperometric detection of hydrogen peroxide produced by enzymatic reaction carried out at a potential of +0.7 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), pH 7.4 and temperature of 37 °C. In optimized flow conditions, the biosensor presented an analytical response for fluoxetine in the interval between 0.67 and 4.33 mM, with a detection limit of 0.10 mM. The analytical use of the biosensor developed was evaluated through analysis of commercial pharmaceutical products containing fluoxetine, available on the Portuguese market. The amperometric flow results obtained do not differ significantly from the values resulting from analysis of the same products by the method proposed by the US Pharmacopeia, with sampling rates of 20–25 samples/hour.
What type of enterprise forges close links with universities and government labs? Evidence from CIS 2
Authors: Mohnen Pierre , Hoareau Cathy 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis paper tries to uncover some of the economic factors that encourage firms to seek information from universities and government labs or to collaborate with these institutions. We exploit the information contained in the second Community Innovation Surveys (CIS2) for France, Germany, Ireland and Spain. We estimate an ordered probit model on the importance of knowledge sourcing from universities and government labs controlling for selection bias, and a trivariate probit model explaining the decisions to innovate, collaborate in innovation, and in particular collaborate with universities and government labs. R&D‐intensive firms and radical innovators tend to source knowledge from universities and government labs but not to cooperate with them directly. Outright collaborations in innovation with universities and government labs is characteristic of large firms, firms that patent or those that receive government support for innovation. Members of an enterprise group tend to cooperate in innovation but not directly with universities or government labs. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trophic level isotopic enrichment of carbon and nitrogen in bone collagen: case studies from recent and ancient terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Bocherens H. , Drucker D. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractPrey‐predator collagen enrichment values for carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions are investigated. New enrichment values are given for the well‐monitored ecosystem of Bialowieza primeval forest (Poland) for lynx and wolf. The impact of using different approximations in calculating such enrichment values is discussed. Several case studies of ancient vertebrate communities from Upper Palaeolithic sites in southwestern France are presented to check whether the enrichment values estimated for these past ecosystems are consistent with those measured in well‐monitored modern ecosystems. The use of ranges of values rather than average ones is recommended, tentatively 0 to 2‰ for δ13C and 3 to 5‰ for δ15N. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of the morphology and crystalline state due to hybridization of reinforced toughened nylon containing a liquid‐crystalline polymer
Authors: Pisharath Sreekumar , Wong Shing‐Chung 
Published: February 2003

AbstractA hybrid composite consisting of rubber‐toughened nylon‐6,6, short glass fibers, and a thermotropic liquid‐crystalline polymers (LCP) was investigated by the LCP content being varied. The thermal behavior, morphology, and crystallization behavior due to hybridization were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS). DSC results indicated that the crystallinity of the glass‐fiber‐reinforced toughened nylon‐6,6 was reduced by LCP addition, particularly 5–10 wt % LCP. DMA data showed that the miscibility between the blended components was maximum at the 5 wt % LCP composition, and the miscibility decreased with increasing LCP content. SEM photomicrographs revealed information consistent with the thermal behavior on miscibility. It was also observed that the 10 wt % LCP composition showed predominantly an amorphous character with FTIR and WAXS. WAXS results indicated that LCP hybridization increased the interplanar spacing of the hydrogen‐bonded sheets of the nylon crystals rather than the spacing between the hydrogen‐bonded chains. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 549–559, 2003
Flachheitsbasierte Steuerung eines Timoshenko‐Balkens
Authors: Rudolph J. , Woittennek F. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractAn open loop control for a clamped Timoshenko beam, driven by a boundary torque, is presented. With the proposed method finite time transitions between two steady states can be achieved. The solution of the PDE is obtained using Mikusiński operators. The time dependent functions corresponding to the operators have compact support and can be represented using infinite series. When parametrizing the system by a flat output, the system trajectories can be written as definite integrals.
Towards a computational model for −1 eukaryotic frameshifting sites
Authors: Bekaert Michaël , Bidou Laure , Denise Alain , Duchateau-Nguyen Guillemette , Forest Jean-Paul , Froidevaux Christine , Hatin Isabelle , Rousset Jean-Pierre , Termier Michel 
Published: February 2003

Abstract
Motivation: Unconventional decoding events are now well acknowledged, but not yet well formalized. In this study, we present a bioinformatics analysis of eukaryotic −1 frameshifting, in order to model this event.
Results: A consensus model has already been established for −1 frameshifting sites. Our purpose here is to provide new constraints which make the model more precise. We show how a machine learning approach can be used to refine the current model. We identify new properties that may be involved in frameshifting. Each of the properties found was experimentally validated. Initially, we identify features of the overall model that are to be simultaneously satisfied. We then focus on the following two components: the spacer and the slippery sequence. As a main result, we point out that the identity of the primary structure of the so-called spacer is of great importance.
Availability: Sequences of the oligonucleotides in the functional tests are available at http://www.igmors.u-psud.fr/rousset/bioinformatics/
Contact: bekaert@igmors.u-psud.frjpforest@lri.frchris@lri.fr
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
MELINA: motif extraction from
promoter regions of potentially co-regulated genes
Authors: Poluliakh Natalia , Takagi Toshihisa , Nakai Kenta 
Published: February 2003

Abstract
Summary: ‘Melina’ assists users to compare the results of four public softwares for DNA motif extraction in order to both confirm the reliability of each finding and avoid missing important motifs. It is also useful to optimize the sensitivity of software with a series of different parameter settings.
Availability: Melina is available at http://www.hgc.ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp/Melina/
Contact: knakai@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
AltAVisT: Comparing alternative multiple sequence alignments
Authors: Morgenstern Burkhard , Goel Sachin , Sczyrba Alexander , Dress Andreas 
Published: February 2003

Abstract
Summary: We introduce a WWW-based tool that is able to compare two alternative multiple alignments of a given sequence set. Regions where both alignments coincide are color-coded to visualize the local agreement between the two alignments and to identify those regions that can be considered to be reliably aligned.
Availability: http://bibiserv.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de/altavist/
Contact: burkhard@TechFak.Uni-Bielefeld.DE
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Multitasking in Replication Is Common among Geminiviruses
Authors: Preiss Werner , Jeske Holger 
Published: February 2003

ABSTRACTGeminiviruses package single-stranded circular DNA and replicate via double-stranded DNA intermediates. During the past decade, increasing evidence has led to the general acceptance that their replication follows a rolling-circle replication mechanism like bacteriophages with single-stranded DNA. In a recent study, we showed that this is also true forAbutilon mosaic geminivirus(AbMV), but that this particular virus may also use a recombination-dependent replication (RDR) route in analogy to T4 phages. Because AbMV is a special case, since it has been propagated on ornamental plants for more than a hundred years, it was interesting to determine whether RDR is common among other geminiviruses. We analyzed geminiviruses from different genera and geographic origins by using BND cellulose chromatography in combination with an improved high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and we conclude that multitasking in replication is widespread, at least forAfrican cassava mosaic,Beet curly top,Tomato golden mosaic, andTomato yellow leaf curl virus.
Origin and Evolution of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Southeast Asia
Authors: Solomon Tom , Ni Haolin , Beasley David W. C. , Ekkelenkamp Miquel , Cardosa Mary Jane , Barrett Alan D. T. 
Published: February 2003

ABSTRACT

Since it emerged in Japan in the 1870s, Japanese encephalitis has spread across Asia and has become the most important cause of epidemic encephalitis worldwide. Four genotypes of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are presently recognized (representatives of genotypes I to III have been fully sequenced), but its origin is not known. We have determined the complete nucleotide and amino acid sequence of a genotype IV Indonesian isolate (JKT6468) which represents the oldest lineage, compared it with other fully sequenced genomes, and examined the geographical distribution of all known isolates. JKT6468 was the least similar, with nucleotide divergence ranging from 17.4 to 19.6% and amino acid divergence ranging from 4.7 to 6.5%. It included an unusual series of amino acids at the carboxy terminus of the core protein unlike that seen in other JEV strains. Three signature amino acids in the envelope protein (including E327 Leu→Thr/Ser on the exposed lateral surface of the putative receptor binding domain) distinguished genotype IV strains from more recent genotypes. Analysis of all 290 JEV isolates for which sequence data are available showed that the Indonesia-Malaysia region has all genotypes of JEV circulating, whereas only more recent genotypes circulate in other areas (
P
< 0.0001). These results suggest that JEV originated from its ancestral virus in the Indonesia-Malaysia region and evolved there into the different genotypes which then spread across Asia. Our data, together with recent evidence on the origins of other emerging viruses, including dengue virus and Nipah virus, imply that tropical southeast Asia may be an important zone for emerging pathogens.
Tat-Neutralizing Antibodies in Vaccinated Macaques
Authors: Tikhonov Ilia , Ruckwardt Tracy J. , Hatfield Glen S. , Pauza C. David 
Published: February 2003

ABSTRACTThe human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein is essential for virus replication and is a candidate vaccine antigen. Macaques immunized with Tat or chemically modified Tat toxoid having the same clade B sequence developed strong antibody responses. We compared these antisera for their abilities to recognize diverse Tat sequences. An overlapping peptide array covering three clade B and two clade C Tat sequences was constructed to help identify reactive linear epitopes. Sera from Tat-immunized macaques were broadly cross-reactive with clade B and clade C sequences but recognized a clade B-specific epitope in the basic domain. Sera from Tat toxoid-immunized macaques had a more restricted pattern of recognition, reacting mainly with clade B and with only one clade B basic domain sequence, which included the rare amino acids RPPQ at positions 57 to 60. Monoclonal antibodies against the amino terminus or the domain RPPQ sequence blocked Tat uptake into T cells and neutralized Tat in a cell-based transactivation assay. Macaques immunized with Tat or Tat toxoid proteins varied in their responses to minor epitopes, but all developed a strong response to the amino terminus, and antisera were capable of neutralizing Tat in a transactivation assay.
Persistence of malignant hematopoietic progenitors in chronic myelogenous leukemia patients in complete cytogenetic remission following imatinib mesylate treatment
Authors: Bhatia Ravi , Holtz Melissa , Niu Ning , Gray Rachel , Snyder David S. , Sawyers Charles L. , Arber Daniel A. , Slovak Marilyn L. , Forman Stephen J. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate (Gleevec, STI571; Novartis, Basel, Switzerland) has shown remarkable efficacy in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), with a high proportion of patients achieving complete cytogenetic responses (CCRs). However, it is not clear whether remissions will be durable and whether imatinib mesylate can eliminate the malignant primitive progenitors in which the disease arises. We investigated whether residual BCR/ABL+ hematopoietic progenitors were present in patients who achieved CCRs with imatinib mesylate treatment. CD34+ progenitor cells were selected from bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs) and analyzed for the presence of the BCR/ABL fusion gene by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). CD34+ cells were also plated in committed progenitor (colony-forming cell, or CFC) and primitive progenitor (long-term bone marrow culture-initiating cell, or LTCIC) cultures and resulting colonies analyzed for the presence of BCR/ABL+ cells by FISH. Using these assays, residual BCR/ABL+ progenitors were detected in all patients studied. Quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis demonstrated increased levels of BCR/ABL mRNA in CD34+ cells compared with total MNCs. Evaluation of samples collected at different time points demonstrated persistence of BCR/ABL+ progenitors despite continued treatment with imatinib mesylate. Our results indicate that inhibition of BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase activity by imatinib mesylate does not eliminate malignant primitive progenitors in CML patients. Patients in CCR with imatinib mesylate treatment need to be followed carefully to assess for risk of relapse.
Optimal harvesting policies for a generalized Gordon–Schaefer model in randomly varying environment
Authors: Shah M. A. , Sharma Usha 
Published: February 2003

AbstractA non‐linear stochastic model has been proposed and analized for fish harvesting. The model encompasses Gordon–Schaefer model and Pella–Tomlinson model that have been used in the study of extensive data on baleen whales, harp seals and Gulf of St. Lawrence cod. It has been established that the harvesting of those species is more profitable in terms of biomass for which data supports α>2, as compared to that for which α⩽2, where α is general index in the model:

Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction of carbamazepine and promethazine in rabbits
Authors: Rukhadze Marina D. , Alexishvili Maka M. , Gonashvili Maya V. , Okujava Nathela V. , Sebiskveradze Maya V. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe interaction of carbamazepine and promethazine in rabbits has been investigated. The influence of this interaction on the processes of biotransformation in the liver was revealed. The drugs were administered as single oral doses (100 mg of each drug) as well as simultaneously with an interval of 15 min. The sequence of administration of the drugs was varied. The influence of promethazine on the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine is expressed by: (a) strong suppression of carbamazepine's level in plasma and appearance of multiple peaks of carbamazepine; (b) suppression of biotransformation of carbamazepine into carbamazepine‐10,11‐epoxide at the initial stages and its increase in the intermediate stages. These data are explained by the active capture of carbamazepine by liver at its primary transferal through the liver and sufficient presystem elimination of carbamazepine in the presence of promethazine. The character of kinetic curves of promethazine varies substantially under the influence of carbamazepine. However, this change is not as strong as in case of carbamazepine. The concentration of promethazine in plasma varies slightly and multiple peaks are not observed. The rate of terminal elimination of promethazine varies and abrupt prolonged segments of elimination appear at the initial and terminal stages of the process in return. These data perhaps indicate the induction of biotransformation of promethazine in the presence of carbamazepine—an inductor of microsomal liver enzymes. The changes of kinetics of promethazine and carbamazepine by simultaneous administration as compared with their administration separately, as well as a comparative consideration of pharmacokinetics of promethazine and carbamazepine by simultaneous administration show the existence of competition in the elimination between these drugs and the periodic saturation of liver for their biotransformation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.