bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Not Charity Yet!”: State-Supported Capitalism and the Secret Life of God in Flannery O’Connor’s Wise Blood
Authors: Edmunds Susan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Flannery O’Connor’s 1952 novel, Wise Blood, follows the life of Hazel Motes, a young GI who migrates to the progressive southern city of Taulkinham upon his release from the army. Hailing from a line of preachers in rural Tennessee, Haze is another angry prophet from the hinterlands like the “Thompson or Johnson” who grips the imagination of Tod Hackett in The Day of the Locust. But unlike most prophets, Haze urgently desires release from mankind’s covenant with God. The self-appointed apostle of the new Church without Christ, he attempts to enter by force the secular frame of modern life that the novel’s other characters already occupy with resignation, if not ease.
Arbitration in Sweden as a Method of Dispute Resolution
Authors: Madsen Finn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Phoenicians were a prominent trading nation who, from the middle of the second millennium bc engaged in industry, trade and shipping in the Mediterranean area. It is said that Phoenician merchants were prepared to use any measures whatsoever in order to succeed in business, even going as far as to be honest, if nothing else helped. The existence of such a business ethic, for which evidence is found not merely in the history books, leads to the conclusion that an efficient commercial dispute resolution procedure has been a necessary feature of each society. It appears also to be the case that the earliest cultures which are known to us possessed well-developed systems for resolving commercial disputes, in which what we might call arbitration played a prominent role.
Sources of Law in Swedish Arbitration
Authors: Madsen Finn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Arbitration is characterised by the absence of detailed regulations with respect to the procedure. Flexibility in the procedure is thereby achieved. The regulations contained in the Act state that the arbitrators shall handle the dispute “in an impartial, practical, and speedy manner” (section 21). The procedural rules in the Act also state (section 24(1)) that the arbitrators must ensure that the parties are afforded “to the extent necessary, an opportunity to present their respective cases” and that “an oral hearing” must be held upon request by a party provided that the parties have not otherwise agreed. A party shall also (section 24(2)) be afforded an opportunity “to review all documents and all other materials pertaining to the dispute” which are supplied to the arbitral tribunal. These scanty rules provide great scope for the parties to determine the structure of the proceedings.
25 Years of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods Welcome Address
Authors: Sekolec* Jernej 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On behalf of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), it is a pleasure to welcome you to this conference celebrating the 25th anniversary of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (the “Convention”). The Convention currently has over 70 Member States. Their share in cross-border trade represents over two-thirds of the total volume of international trade. The States that are members range from the least economically developed to the most developed and all major legal traditions of the world are represented among them. This makes the Convention a world sales law.
Liquidated Damages, Specific Performance Clauses, Limitations on Remedies, and Attorney Fees
Authors: Gabriel* Henry Deeb 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In those circumstances in which the parties, particularly the buyer, consider the right to specific performance of the other party’s obligations important or essential, it is good practice to embody this right in the parties’ agreement. By doing so, the parties initially signal this allocation of risk, and therefore reduce the risk of a court or arbitral tribunal having to determine whether the parties have in fact allocated this risk.
Militias, Mobs, and Murder: Testing the Limits of the Right to Bear Arms
Authors: Cornell Saul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Reflecting on the state of politics in his own state of Massachusetts after Jefferson’s election to the presidency, John Adams wryly noted that “we in this commonwealth are making great advances, if not in the perfectibility of human nature, yet in the great arts of lying and libeling and the other arts which grow out of them, such as wielding the cudgel and pistol.” The ultimately peaceful transfer of power from the Federalists to the Republicans had done little in Adams’s view to dampen partisan rancor. The best-known example of political violence in the Jeffersonian era was the fatal duel fought between the Federalist Alexander Hamilton and his political opponent Aaron Burr. While duels, including the one that took Hamilton’s life, were among the most formal and stylized type of political violence in Jeffersonian America, they were hardly the only occasions when partisan rivalries or animosities led to violence, or even death. Heightened political tensions, as Adams observed, led many to arm themselves as a precaution against political assault. Indeed, the most notorious murder case of the new republic was occasioned by a political feud that turned deadly.
Provisions in the New Generation of U.S. Investment Agreements to Achieve Transparency and Coherence in Investor-State Dispute Settlement
Authors: Tracton Michael K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Modern U.S. investment agreements contain a number of provisions that further the objectives of transparency and coherence in international investor-State dispute settlement. These include, but are not limited to, consideration of a possible appellate or similar mechanism to review arbitral awards. (See Annex 1, International Investment Instrument with Provisions to an Appellate Review Mechanism.) In 2004, the United States concluded a rewrite of its model bilateral investment treaty (BIT), which was used as the basis for the BIT signed by the United States and Uruguay in 2005.
Description of the Problem: Uniform Laws and Damages
Authors: Zeller Bruno 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Contract law, whether national or international, has very few mandatory provisions, and hence it is open to the parties to model their individual contractual situations. It is not surprising that the vast majority of contracts do not contain clauses dealing with the breach of a contract. Therefore, one of the problems in contract law is to determine what remedial system is available to an aggrieved party. Such a system must be part of an effective dispute resolution mechanism, because such a system is arguably critical to the success of any economy. The world economy is no exception, especially in relation to the internationalization of the process of law. Such internationalization requires a mechanism for the resolution of international business disputes. The mechanism “of this increasingly global . . . justice [can be traced to] the emergence of a transnational legal profession, institutionalized in new kinds of ‘courts’—and a special body of law.”
Breach of Contract: An Overview
Authors: Zeller Bruno 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Contracts are generally entered into with a view to performing the bargain and to increasing the asset base of each contracting party. However, not all contracts run the intended course, and a breach will mostly likely result in damages to at least one party. The intention of the law is to secure the bargain, but this security is only as good as the ability of courts and tribunals to award appropriate remedies. The ability to award damages is an important economic function, and it is not Surpriseing to find laws regulating the awarding of damages in a variety of legal documents. For example, in Switzerland these laws are found throughout the Civil Code and in the Law of Obligations.
Fundamental Breach and the CISG
Authors: Zeller Bruno 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this book is to discuss the regime of damages available under the CISG. It is important to understand that the remedy of fundamental breach or avoidance of contract is an additional or perhaps unique remedy available to the aggrieved party. This chapter offers an explanation of the basic aspects of avoidance and hence fundamental breach and points to the connection whereby the principles link in with the remedy of damages. In brief, the CISG offers two different approaches to a breach of contract. If the breach is “minor,” the aggrieved party simply concludes the contract and asks for damages. If the breach is “major”—that is, if the party is deprived entirely of what he expected under the contract—the contract can be avoided, or terminated, and remedies for breach of contract can be sought.
The Pangs and Politics of Love
Authors: Hawley John Stratton 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rādhā is lost to the onslaught of love. She weeps from tree to tree and finally succumbs, searching through the forests and groves. Her braid—a peacock grasps it, taking it for a snake; her lotus feet attract the bees; Her voice with its honey makes the crow in the kadamb tree think her a cuckoo, and caw her away; Her hands—the tender leaves of blossom-bringing spring: thinking so, parrots come to peck; And thinking her face to be the moon on a full-moon night, the cakor bird drinks the water from her eyes. Desperate at thinking perhaps she’d been dismembered, the Joy of the Yadus appears in the nick of time: Sūrdās’s Lord takes that seedbud of new birth and cradles it, a newborn in his arms. See how Hari has arranged his circle dance— Who has ever heard, ever seen such a thing?IWhere has this taste been secreted away? First he conjured up a fine magic spell and spread it everywhere— no one was spared. Then with one fine shot of an arrow he struck everything that moves or does not move. Who knows the recipe for such love? Seeing his eyes’ aesthetics, tasting the lilt of his voice, a welter of murmurs rippled through the army Of Kāma, says Sūr, who could not control his bow. He turned his hands palm-up, that Bodiless One, and then began to dance.
To the Holy Rivers
Authors: Hawley John Stratton 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Oh Kālindī, whom Keśav loves, Grant to me your own special favor as the Dark One has already done.Oh Jamunā, treasure of glory in all four ages, Yama’s elder sister, mother of the world,Never be angry at what I may have done. My nature, says Sūr, makes me as I am.From the lotus of those beloved feet, it is nectar To divert the bee of a mind of impure thoughtsfrom the dulling liquor of the senses. It flows with less impurity than even ambrosia, the liquid of deathlessness. Its form is inner joy. Its great cooling powers were known by Shiva when he bore it on his head, casting aside the moon And caring nothing for mountains or snakes or the duel in which gods and anti-gods were bound. In all three worlds, says Sūr, that River-of-the-Gods is immanent, immortal, and so free.
High Scholastics
Authors: Englard Izhak 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE RELATIVELY FEW EARLY GREEK COMMENTATORS on Aristotle’s Ethics, whose writings were preserved,35 did not add much to the distinction between the two forms of justice. Unfortunately, the commentary of Aspasius (ca. 100–150) on the relevant Book Five of the Nicomachean Ethics has not been preserved36; the same is true for Eustratius (ca. 1050–1120).37 The other authors, whose writings came down to later generations, basically relied on the original text of Aristotle.38 Of some influence in relation to Aristotle’s distinction of justice, is the commentary of Michael of Ephesus (eleventh to twelfth centuries).39 After the important rediscovery of Aristotle’s writings by Arab philosophers in the early medieval era,40 these authors, equally, repeated the former’s view about the two forms of justice without much further analysis.41 A good example is the important Arab philosopher Averroes (Ibn Rushd) (1126– 1198), who wrote the Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics.42 In relation to our topic, this author basically restated the thoughts of Aristotle. One short comment of his is nevertheless noteworthy. It concerns the abovementioned example of the officer who hits a citizen or is hit by him.
Late Scholastics
Authors: Englard Izhak 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
BETWEEN THE FIFTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES a great number of scholastics wrote commentaries on the influential works of Thomas Aquinas, who remained the dominant figure in Western religious thought. Other important scholastic works were dedicated to moral theology and ethics, as well as to general philosophical problems. The latter bore witness to the lasting overwhelming position of Aristotle’s works. Many of these late scholastics expounded the Aristotelian concept of justice and especially the distinctions between commutative and distributive justice.
The Modern Use of Aristotle’s Forms of Justice
Authors: Englard Izhak 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE TRANSITION TO MODERNITY is again evidently a very gradual process that cannot be reduced to a specific moment in history. Being aware of its inevitable arbitrary character, we assume that for our specific purposes, the modern trends start with the eighteenth century. However, the criterion for modernity is not to been seen exclusively in the specific period of time, but rather in the change of certain ideas. Thus we can still see, in this assumedly modern period, (late) scholastic works—especially by Catholic authors—that do not substantially differ from those of their predecessors in earlier times.762a
Machine-Age Comedy
Authors: North Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this latest addition to Oxford’s Modernist Literature & Culture series, renowned modernist scholar Michael North poses fundamental questions about the relationship between modernity and comic form in film, animation, the visual arts, and literature. Machine-Age Comedy vividly constructs a cultural history that spans the entire twentieth century, showing how changes wrought by industrialization have forever altered the comic mode. With keen analyses, North examines the work of a wide range of artists—including Charlie Chaplin, Walt Disney, Marcel Duchamp, Samuel Beckett, and David Foster Wallace—to show the creative and unconventional ways the routinization of industrial society has been explored in a broad array of cultural forms. Throughout, North argues that modern writers and artists found something inherently comic in new experiences of repetition associated with, enforced by, and made inevitable by the machine age. Ultimately, this rich, tightly focused study offers a new lens for understanding the devlopment of comedic structures during periods of massive social, political, and cultural change to reveal how the original promise of modern life can be extracted from its practical disappointment.
Goldberg Variations
Authors: North Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I Though Marcel Duchamp spent a lifetime calling attention to the humor in his work, though it is obvious that several of his most celebrated artworks were meant to be taken, at least on the most immediate level, as jokes, the topic of comedy remains a curiously painful one in the vast critical enterprise that has grown up around Fountain and the Large Glass. The very first serious study of Duchamp’s work, written by Robert Lebel and published in 1959, set the tone with a regretful postscript: “When . . . I undertook my study of Marcel Duchamp, I thought there would be plenty of room for humor. But now that, for better or worse, the book has taken shape, I find that this problem has scarcely been touched upon.”1 Much the same might be said now of half a century of assiduous and dedicated critical analysis, most of which pays some kind of lip service to Duchamp’s humor before becoming far more seriously entangled in alchemy, modern science, or institutional critique.
Introduction
Authors: Cabezón José Ignacio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Look around almost anywhere you find yourself in the greater Tibetan cultural world—in Tibet, certainly, but also in Bhutan, Mongolia, and the Nepalese Himalayas—and you see ritual. If you live near a monastery, chances are that you will awaken to the sound of a gong calling monks to their morning prayer-assembly or tsog (tshogs). Even if you live far from a monastery, you may well be roused from sleep by the high-pitched clanging of someone ringing a ritual bell, or by the soft murmur of neighbors reciting khandön (kha ‘don), their daily ritual commitments.
Written Texts at the Juncture of the Local and the Global :Some Anthropological Considerations on a Local Corpus of Tantric Ritual Manuals (Lower Mustang, Nepal)
Authors: sihlé Nicolas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Anthropologists of complex, literate religious traditions have rarely succeeded at properly integrating local corpora of written religious texts (canonical scriptures, ritual manuals, etc.) into their ethnographically based analyses. The reasons for this are probably multiple. Messick has suggested that the exclusion of written texts is “virtually an organizing principle” in the disciplinary history of the social sciences.In the particular case of Islam, Bowen has noted that Islamic rituals have been shaped to “local cultural concerns and . . . universalistic scriptural imperatives”; as such, they “fit comfortably neither in an ethnographic discourse of bounded cultural wholes nor in an Islamicist discourse of a scripture-based normative Islam.”There would thus seem to be some inherent lack of fit between written religious texts as objects of study and (at least traditional) understandings of anthropological practices and concerns.
Representations of Efficacy: The Ritual Expulsion of Mongol Armies in the Consolidation and Expansion of the Tsang (Gtsang) Dynasty
Authors: Gentry James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most Tibetan Buddhist ritual is premised on the intimate contiguity between persons, landscapes, and hosts of landscape spirits of all kinds.Such contiguity assumes that human bodies, habitations, and settlements are impinged upon by the nonhuman forces that surround and inhabit them. Safeguarding the health and integrity of the corporate entities of human body, household, and community from the threats posed by contact with the capricious spirit world thus constitutes a major preoccupation for Tibetan Buddhist ritual specialists. Clergy have at their disposal a repertoire of ritual treatments to subjugate these threatening presences, exorcise them from the precincts of body, home, or territory, and restore internal health and cohesion.
The “Calf ‘s Nipple” (Be’u bum) of Ju Mipam (‘Ju Mi pham):A Handbook of Tibetan Ritual Magic
Authors: Cuevas Bryan J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Throughout the centuries there has been enduring anxiety among Tibetans about certain types of Buddhist practices and the books that describe them. These are the guarded secrets of Tibetan Buddhism, Tibet’s occult lore. One major category of such literature in Tibet, and one that has yet to attract much scholarly attention beyond a few footnotes, is the be’u bum. This peculiar Tibetan term means “calf ‘s nipple” and implies something that nourishes, something good for maintaining life and health. As a label for a type of text, the term seems to be rather old, dating back to at least the eleventh century, but probably much earlier. Per Sørensen has argued that the term be’u bum may actually be a corruption, perhaps through homophonic error, of pe bum (dpe ‘bum) or “collection of exempla, parables” serving the purposes of edification, instruction, and exhortation.In this light, some have even suggested that the genre label may be an early
The Bibliography
Authors: de J R , Jackson J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Abdy, Maria, Mrs John (51797—1867), see also Collections 47, 48 Born in London. Her father, Richard Smith, was a solicitor, and her mother was a sister of the satirical poets Horace and James Smith. She married the Revd John Channing Abdy, Rector of St John’s, Southwark. She was a contributor to the New Monthly Magazine, the Metropolitan Magazine, and to various annuals. Between 1830 and 1862 eight collections of her poems were printed for private circulation.
The Playwright’s Share in Hamlet
Authors: Hapgood Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Practising what was preached in the previous chapter, this chapter will first approach Hamlet through its most reliable sources of guidance as to the playwright’s presence: it will analyse in order the play’s plot, its choreography, and its large patterns of speech. In the light of these findings, it will then consider some of the more debatable aspects of its dramaturgy: its characters and themes. Its conclusion will explore the implications of this analysis for an understanding of the play’s theatre-poetry.
Audience-Response: Macbeth
Authors: Hapgood Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What Tis the role of the audience within the performance-ensemble? The subject has received little attention. Most previous comment has focused on reader-response. Audience-response is more complicated because in performance the audience’s relation with the author’s work is not direct but necessarily mediated by performers and because a member of the audience responds not only as an individual but as part of a group. These complications need to be kept in mind and deserve future study. None the less, a start can be made now towards understanding the relation between Shakespeare and his audience. For he does have a distinguishable though indirect share in the impact of one of his plays when it is performed. With the aid of the printed text and by making due allowance for the latitudes Shakespeare grants his interpreters, one can say roughly what the playwright’s share is for a given play and discuss the responses it is likely to produce in an audience.
Shakespeare’s Theatre-Poetry: Some Conclusions
Authors: Hapgood Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
However inclusive it may aspire to be, every address to Shakespeare’s text, whether on-stage or off, ends as a study in fractions, and this book is no exception. My method has been to look in an analytical way at the workings of the implied performance-ensemble and especially at how Shakespeare the theatre-poet relates to participants in it. I have deliberately emphasized variety in my choice of plays, seeking the most salient examples of the feature under analysis, with an eye as well to adding something fresh to the body of commentary on the play concerned.
Just Representations Of General Nature
Authors: Parker G F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
IN a course of lectures on aesthetics which he gave in 1801, A. W. Schlegel applied a withering common sense to the notion that the imitation of nature could properly be said to be the aim of art: As Nature is already present and available, it's a little hard to understand why one should go to the trouble of bringing a second precisely similar version of it into being as art . . .
Johnson And Tragedy
Authors: Parker G F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are two different kinds of comment made by Johnson that could be thought to bear on the subject of tragedy in Shakespeare; these are sometimes run together as though they belonged to the same line of thought, but it is essential to distinguish clearly between them. On the one hand, there are some half-dozen notes on Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth that express feelings of intense strain, shock, and dismay: these notes raise questions at the very heart of Shakespearean tragedy. On the other, there are Johnson’s notorious generalizations in the Preface: