bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral preaxial polydactyly in a WAGR syndrome patient
Authors: Manoukian Siranoush , Crolla John A. , Mammoliti Palma M.A. , Testi Maria Adele , Zanini Rinaldo , Carpanelli Maria Luisa , Piozzi Elena , Sozzi Gabriella , De Vecchi Giovanna , Terenziani Monica , Spreafico Filippo , Collini Paola , Radice Paolo , Perotti Daniela 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe report on a 30‐month‐old baby girl with typical clinical features of WAGR syndrome. In addition, the patient showed bilateral preaxial polydactyly of the feet. Cytogenetic and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses identified a deletion, del(11)(p13p14.1), extending from 6.1 to 21.7 Mb in size. Although the simultaneous appearance of WAGR and polydactyly has been already described, to our knowledge this is the first case in which the characterization at the cytogenetic molecular level of a patient with these phenotypes is reported. These observations indicate that preaxial polydactyly may be another feature of the WAGR syndrome and suggest the existence of a related gene in the WAGR critical region or in its proximity. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of molecular weight of atactic poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in the polarizing efficiency of PVA/azo dye complex film with high durability
Authors: Lyoo Won Seok , Yeum Jeong Hyun , Park Joo Min , Kwak Jin Woo , Kim Joon Ho , Kim Sam Soo , Ji Byung Chul , Noh Seok Kyun 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTo precisely identify the effect of molecular weight of atactic poly(vinyl alcohol) (a‐PVA) on the durability and polarizing efficiency (PE) of a‐PVA/dye polarizing film, we prepared two (a‐PVA)s with similar syndiotactic diad contents of 54.0%, degrees of saponification of 99.9%, and with different number‐average degrees of polymerization [(Pn)s] of 1700 and 4000, respectively. Through a series of experiments, it was found that molecular weight of a‐PVA had a significant influence on the durability of a‐PVA/dye film in heat and humidity conditions (relative humidity of 80% and temperature of 90°C). That is, both desorption of dye in a‐PVA/dye film and transmittance of film decreased with increasing molecular weight of PVA. The change of PE (durability) of a‐PVA/dye film in heat and humidity conditions was limited to about below 5%. The change of PE of PVA/dye film having Pn of 4000 especially was limited to 1%, whereas that of a‐PVA/iodine film with Pn of 4000, was almost 80% under the same condition. Also, transmittance of the drawn a‐PVA/dye film was far higher than that of the undrawn one. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 967–974, 2005
Effect of additives on durable‐press cotton fabrics treated with a glyoxal/glycol mixture
Authors: Lee Eui So , Kim Seung Il 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCotton fabrics were treated with a glyoxal/glycol mixture for a nonformaldehyde durable‐press finish by a pad–dry–cure method. Aluminum sulfate was used as a catalyst. The effects of additives such as sodium hydrogen sulfate, polyurethane, and a silicone softener were examined. Sodium hydrogen sulfate improved the whiteness and strength retention of the treated fabrics. The degree of whiteness of the treated fabrics was similar to that of fabrics treated with 1,2,3,4‐butanetetracarboxylic acid. Polyurethane improved the wrinkle recovery angle and tearing strength retention of the treated fabrics significantly but impaired the whiteness. The softening agent increased the retention of the tearing strength and abrasion resistance significantly. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 975–978, 2005
Polymerization of N‐phenylmaleimide with a rare‐earth coordination catalyst
Authors: Lu Yanbing , Sun Weilin , Shen Zhiquan 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe polymerization of N‐phenylmaleimide was carried out with the binary rare‐earth coordination catalyst lanthanum phosphonate [La(P507)]–trisobutyl aluminum [Al(i‐Bu)3] in toluene at 60°C. The dependence of the polymerization on the polymerization time, the molar ratio of Al(i‐Bu)3 to La(P507), and the concentration of the catalyst were studied. The structures of the resultant polymer were characterized with 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry, and the thermal properties of the polymer were measured with thermogravimetric analysis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 979–982, 2005
Preparation of conducting nylon‐6 electrospun fiber webs by the in situ polymerization of polyaniline
Authors: Hong Kyung Hwa , Oh Kyung Wha , Kang Tae Jin 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor the preparation of conducting polyaniline (PANI)/nylon composites with high electrical conductivity as well as superior mechanical properties such as flexibility and lightness, PANI/nylon‐6 composite nanofiber webs were prepared via the electrospinning process with a nylon‐6/formic acid polymer solution, and then PANI on the surface of the nylon‐6 electrospun nanofiber webs was chemically polymerized. The electrical conductivity measurements showed that the conductivity of the PANI/nylon‐6 composite electrospun fiber webs was superior to that of PANI/nylon‐6 plain‐weave fabrics because of the high surface‐area/volume ratios. On the other hand, the volume conductivities of the PANI/nylon‐6 composite electrospun fiber webs increased from 0.5 to 1.5 S/cm as the diffusion time increased from 10 min to 4 h because of the even distribution of PANI in the electrospun fiber webs. However, the surface conductivities of the PANI/nylon‐6 composite electrospun fiber webs somewhat decreased from 0.22 to 0.14 S/cm as the diffusion time increased because of PANI contaminated with aniline monomers, aniline oligomers, and some alkyl chains, which served as electrical resistants. These results were confirmed with Fourier transform infrared, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, and morphology analysis. It was concluded that the diffusion time for the in situ polymerization of PANI in electrospun fiber webs was optimized at approximately 3 h. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 983–991, 2005
Plasticization of poly(lactic acid) with oligomeric malonate esteramides: Dynamic mechanical and thermal film properties
Authors: Ljungberg Nadia , Colombini Didier , Wesslén Bengt 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTwo oligomeric malonate esteramides and an oligomeric malonate ester were synthesized with the intention to plasticize poly(lactic acid), PLA. The synthesis was performed by reacting diethyl bishydroxymethyl malonate (DBM) with adipoyl dichloride and one of two diamines, that is, triethylene glycol diamine (TA) and polyoxypropylene glycol diamine (PA), or triethylene glycol (TEG), giving three platicizing agents denoted as DBMATA, DBMAPA, and DBMAT, respectively. The synthesis products were characterized by size exclusion chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and blended with PLA at a concentration of 15 wt %. Dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and tensile testing were used to investigate the physical properties of films from the resulting blends. All three plasticizers decreased the glass transition temperature of PLA, and the largest decrement was observed for PLA/DBMATA. Films of DBMATA and DBMAT showed enhanced flexibility in strain at break as compared to neat PLA. Subsequently, it was found that thermal annealing of the plasticized materials (4 h at 100°C) encouraged cold crystallization, inducing phase separation in the blends, and caused them to regain the brittleness of neat PLA. On the other hand, by aging (6 weeks) the blends at ambient conditions, cold crystallization could be avoided and the flexibility in the films maintained. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 992–1002, 2005
Effect of various morphology and testing conditions on fiber infrared spectrum
Authors: Yu Weidong , Xiong Lei 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA series of measurements verify that the accuracy, reproducibility, and quality of fiber infrared spectra strongly rely on fiber thickness and morphology, the aperture size and direction, and instrument parameters, despite the use of high resolution in microscopy by using the Continuμm microscope. The effect of fiber cross section and testing parameters on the characteristics of the FTIR microscope spectra is discussed systematically. Meanwhile, the reproducibility of the spectra has also been tested using the transmission and mapping methods. The experimental results show that the size selection of the aperture, fiber flattening, and proper contact between attenuated total reflection crystal and fiber are vitally important for high quality and accuracy of FTIR microscope spectra. Through reasonable parameter setting and sample preparation, in fact, the IR spectra of single fibers can be obtained quickly and reproducibly. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1003–1010, 2005
Enzyme‐mediated grafting of acrylamide to ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber: A novel radical initiation system
Authors: Zhao Jingchan , Guo Zhian , Liang Guozheng , Wang Junlong , Zhang Gangshen 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe enzyme‐mediated grafting of acrylamide (AM) to ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was demonstrated. To optimize the reaction condition, the concentrations of monomer, H2O2, the initiator, and time were varied. The grafting results were discussed and a reaction mechanism was proposed. Function groups and structural change of the graft copolymer were determined by FTIR spectroscopic and scanning electron microscopy micrographs for proof of grafting and the results were discussed. Results show that the surface of treated fiber becomes rougher than the untreated surface. Compared to unmodified fiber, modified fiber surface had significantly increased the interfacial shear strength, and carbonyl‐stretching regions in the IR spectra. The interfacial shear strength of the UHMWPE fiber increased, clearly indicating that enzymatic‐grafted acrylamide could significantly increase the hydrophilicity of the surfaces of UHMWPE fibers. Moreover, the hydrophilicity of treated fiber depends on the monomer concentration, the initiator concentration, and oxidizing agent concentration as well as the time of the reaction. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1011–1016, 2005
High modulus/tenacity filaments from blends of different molecular weights of polypropylene
Authors: Chatterjee A. , Deopura B. L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPolypropylene (PP) filaments are prepared by blending two different molecular weight components of PP. A melt‐spinning process to produce filaments includes mixing of components, extrusion, and two‐stage drawing, followed by a unique Gradient Drawing™ process. Blending results in highly deformable as‐spun filaments with high draw ratios. For 90:10 blends of PP samples with melt flow indexes of 35 and 3, a high level of crystallinity and crystalline and amorphous orientations are obtained. A sonic modulus of 28 GPa, dynamic modulus of 20 GPa, tensile modulus of 16 GPa, and tenacity of 667 MPa are achieved. These samples are dimensionally stable up to ∼100°C. All steps in the production of the filaments are continuous. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1021–1028, 2005
Influence of tension on the oxidative stabilization process of polyacrylonitrile fibers
Authors: Wu Gangping , Lu Chunxiang , Ling Licheng , Hao Aimin , He Fu 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPolyacrylonitrile fibers were heat‐treated in air, and a series of stretching experiments were conducted in different temperature zones. The effects of tension on the microstructure of the heat‐treated fibers and the tensile strength of the resultant carbon fibers were investigated. The results show the variations in morphological characteristics affected by stretching were different as stabilization proceeded. A possible mechanism of tension on cyclization and, thus, stabilization was elucidated. During stabilization, tension at low temperatures led to a great increase in the tensile strength of the carbon fibers, whereas tension at high temperatures resulted in only small improvement in the tensile strength of the carbon fibers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1029–1034, 2005
Novel conducting polyaniline blends with cyanoresin
Authors: Kim Seong Hun , Oh Kyung Wha , Kim Tae Kyun 
Published: March 2005

AbstractNovel conducting polyaniline (PANI)/cyanoresin (Cyan) blends were prepared by the addition of Cyan/dimethylformamide solutions to aniline monomer/dopant solutions and the in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline with ammonium persulfate as an oxidant in aqueous p‐toluene sulfonic acid solutions. The PANI/Cyan blends were prepared with various compositions (5:95, 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, and 70:30), and blend films of PANI/Cyan were obtained with a casting method. The conductivity of the PANI/Cyan blend films was 10−7 to 10−2 S/cm, which was measured by a four‐probe technique. The tensile strength of the blend films was maintained with an increasing amount of PANI (up to 50 wt %), and this was attributed to intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding between PANI and Cyan and a reinforcing effect through blending. This hypothesis was corroborated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis were also used to investigate the morphology and thermal properties of the conducting PANI/Cyan blend films, respectively. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1035–1042, 2005
Structure and relaxation properties of medical‐purposed polyacrylamide gels
Authors: Lopatin Vladislav V. , Askadskii Andrei A. , Peregudov Alexander S. , Vasil'ev Viktor G. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBy IR and NMR spectroscopy methods, thermomechanical analysis, mechanical relaxation measurements, and computational simulation the effect of production conditions of acrylamide copolymer and N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide derived hydrogels with respect to their properties were studied. Four hydrogel samples, prepared under different production conditions (γ‐radiation dose and autoclaving), were investigated. It was found that autoclaving and γ‐radiation lead to a slight increase of the crosslinking degree in the polymeric network and formation of alkene structures in polymeric chains. Stress relaxation and creep processes under axial compression of gel cylindrical samples were studied in detail. To approximate stress relaxation and creep curves new memory functions were used, based on the analysis of entropy production in the system during the relaxation process. It was found that primary γ‐radiation of initial gels induces an increase of quasi‐equilibrium rubbery elasticity modulus, and quasi‐equilibrium compliance is decreased. The opposite situation is observed during further autoclaving at 120°C. After autoclaving, required to sterilize the gels, their treatment by γ‐radiation again induced a noticeable increase of the modulus and compliance decrease. The mechanism of relaxation processes was found to be associated with the limiting stage of physical interaction between relaxants, representing different micro‐inhomogeneities in the material. The investigation results were compared with the data obtained by histology and morphology methods. A hydrogel obtained under additional γ‐radiation treatment and autoclaving did not swell when implanted into a living organism, and the tissue reaction to implantation of such gel was minimal. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1043–1058, 2005
Soil burial test for poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol)‐graft‐polycaprolactone
Authors: Park Eun‐Soo , Kim Hun‐Sik , Kim Mal‐Nam , Yoon Jin‐San 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone was carried out with poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol) as a macroinitiator to synthesize poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol)‐graft‐polycaprolactone (EVOH‐g‐PCL). A simple low‐density polyethylene (LDPE)/polycaprolactone (PCL) (64/36) blend lost 5.3 wt % of its original weight after 90 days of a soil burial test. However, the elongation at break of the LDPE/PCL blend remained almost invariable even after the solid burial test because the tensile properties depended mostly on the LDPE phase on account of the poor interaction between the continuous LDPE matrix and the dispersed PCL phase. For EVOH‐g‐PCL, the elongation at break decreased drastically as a result of the soil burial test, and the reduction of the elongation at break was more pronounced for EVOH‐g‐PCL with a higher PCL concentration, even though the weight loss of EVOH‐g‐PCL after the soil burial test was as low as 1.2–1.3% and was nearly independent of the PCL concentration. Few holes were observed in EVOH‐g‐PCL when the PCL concentration was less than 26 wt % after an accelerated hydrolysis experiment at 60°C for 7 days in a 0.1M KOH solution. In contrast, the hydrolysis formed small holes in EVOH‐g‐PCL with a PCL concentration of 36 wt %. The LDPE/PCL blend was much better percolated, as a result of the hydrolysis, than EVOH‐g‐PCL with the same PCL concentration; the soil burial test showed the same results. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1064–1071, 2005
Experimental results and modeling of solvent activities in binary polymer solutions
Authors: Taghizadeh Majid , Eliassi Ali , Rahbari‐Sisakht Masoud 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA new model based on Eyring's absolute rate theory for the prediction of solvent activities in binary polymer solutions is presented. This model requires experimental viscosity and density data. The model results for various solutions of poly(ethylene glycol)s with molecular weights of 200, 300, and 6000 in water and for poly(propylene glycol) with a molecular weight of 2025 in ethanol are compared with experimental data at different temperatures and concentrations. There is good agreement between the calculated and experimental results, and the overall average mean relative deviation of the model is less than 1.2%. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1059–1063, 2005
Biodegradable and functionally superior starch–polyester nanocomposites from reactive extrusion
Authors: Kalambur Sathya , Rizvi Syed S. H. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBiodegradable starch‐polyester polymer composites are useful in many applications ranging from numerous packaging end‐uses to tissue engineering. However the amount of starch that can form composites with polyesters without significant property deterioration is typically less than 25% because of thermodynamic immiscibility between the two polymers. We have developed a reactive extrusion process in which high amounts of starch (approx. 40 wt%) can be blended with a biodegradable polyester (polycaprolactone, PCL) resulting in tough nanocomposite blends with elongational properties approaching that of 100% PCL. We hypothesize that starch was oxidized and then crosslinked with PCL in the presence of an oxidizing/crosslinking agent and modified montmorillonite (MMT) organoclay, thus compatibilizing the two polymers. Starch, PCL, plasticizer, MMT organoclay, oxidizing/crosslinking agent and catalysts were extruded in a co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder and injection molded at 120° C. Elongational properties of reactively extruded starch‐PCL nanocomposite blends approached that of 100% PCL at 3 and 6 wt% organoclay. Strength and modulus remained the same as starch‐PCL composites prepared from simple physical mixing without any crosslinking. X‐ray diffraction results showed mainly intercalated flocculated behavior of clay at 1,3,6, and 9wt% organoclay. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that there was improved starch‐PCL interfacial adhesion in reactively extruded blends with crosslinking than in starch‐PCL composites without crosslinking. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed changes in primary α‐transition temperatures for both the starch and PCL fractions, reflecting crosslinking changes in the nanocomposite blends at different organoclay contents. Also starch‐polytetramethylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate (PAT) blends prepared by the above reactive extrusion process showed the same trend of elongational properties approaching that of 100% PAT. The reactive extrusion concept can be extended to other starch‐PCL like polymer blends with polymers like polyvinyl alcohol on one side and polybutylene succinate, polyhydroxy butyrate‐valerate and polylactic acid on the other to create cheap, novel and compatible biodegradable polymer blends with increased toughness. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1072–1082, 2005
Preparation of poly(ethylene glycol)/chitosan membranes by a glucose‐mediating process and in vitro drug release
Authors: Wang Jian‐Wen , Hon Min‐Hsiung 
Published: March 2005

AbstractNovel pH‐dependent chitosan/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) membranes were developed for oral drug delivery. The preparation of these membranes involved a solution‐mediating process with glucose addition at different pHs. Fourier transform infrared/attenuated total reflectance showed that the Schiff‐base reaction was favored at high pHs and high glucose concentrations. X‐ray diffraction analysis showed a continuous increase in the glucose addition transformed the chitosan/PEG samples into amorphous polymers. The equilibrium swelling measurements showed that the swelling ratio of the solution‐mediated membranes decreased as the glucose concentration increased, and this was demonstrated by degree‐of‐mediation analysis. The glucose‐mediated membranes had different degrees of mediation, which depended on the pH and glucose concentration. The in vitro release profiles of theophylline‐loaded, pH 6 treated, glucose‐mediated membranes showed that the theophylline release decreased as the glucose concentration increased. Also, the release behavior of the theophylline from the glucose‐mediated membranes varied with the pH of the release medium, the glucose concentration, and the final pH of the glucose‐mediated chitosan/PEG gels. Chitosan/PEG membranes prepared by a basic glucose‐mediated process could lead to successful applications in localized drug delivery to the intestine. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1083–1094, 2005
Surface modification of silicone rubber by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) for improved biocompatibility
Authors: Song Jeom Sik , Lee Sukmin , Cha Gook Chan , Jung Sung Hee , Choi Seo Yoon , Kim Kyung Hoon , Mun Mu Seong 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe studied the preparation of antimicrobial silicone rubbers of improved interfacial strength, which could be formed with the ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) technique for coating metallic or inorganic materials (silver (Ag), Copper (Cu), and Hydroxyapatite(HAp)/TiO2) on the silicone surface. Those coating materials provide high product safety as well as outstanding antimicrobial activity. The deposition methodology is composed of pre‐etching with oxygen gas, vaporizing the coating materials, and post‐treatment with Ar ion. With the evaporation of the coating materials, the Ar beam was focused on the substrate to assist deposition. It was found out that the ion assisting depositions in the IBAD process give a prominent enhancement in adhesion between silicone rubbers and coatings of Ag and Cu. The HAp/TiO2 coating layer was easily dissolved in aqueous saline solution. All deposited layers display high antimicrobial activities against Staphlococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Escherichia coil (ATCC 25,922), showing 99.9% reduction of bacteria, respectively. In a cytotoxicity test, the Ag and HAp/TiO2 coated silicone shows a decrease of cytotoxicity, while the Cu coating leads to a slight increase of cytotoxicity. The result on the surface modifications of silicone rubber will be employed in further study for applications of medical or rehabilitation devices. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1095–1101, 2005