bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Follow‐up of anti‐Aspergillus IgG and IgA antibodies in bone marrow transplanted patients with invasive aspergillosis
Authors: Centeno‐Lima S. , de Lacerda J.M. , do Carmo J.A. , Abecasis M. , Casimiro C. , Exposto F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA total of 89 patients at risk for, or with invasive aspergillosis (IA) were recruited from bone marrow transplantation (BMT) units in two Lisbon hospitals, and followed for 2½ years to monitor their immune response. Of these patients, six developed probable IA, from which five died. The presence of serum IgG or IgA antibodies against seven Aspergillus recombinant antigens was assessed in patients with IA, using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In parallel, the serum levels of galactomannan (GM) were also monitored, using the Platelia Aspergillus kit (Sanofi Pasteur, Marnes‐la‐Coquette, France). Superoxide dismutase (Sod) and 94 kDa were the most immunogenic antigens for IgA, while the IgG pattern of recognition changed from patient to patient. From our results we conclude that although follow‐up of antibodies against these antigens should not be used as a diagnostic method, patients with IA do produce an immune response that may influence disease outcome. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:156–162, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ethanol production from raw starch by a recombinant yeast having saccharification and fermentation activities
Authors: Nakamura Yoshitoshi , Sawada Tatsuro , Komatsu Akihiro 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn order to develop a method for converting raw starch into ethanol efficiently, direct fermentation of ozonized raw starch using a recombinant yeast was investigated. Ozonolysis was carried out as a pretreatment to convert raw starch into ethanol rapidly and efficiently, and then the effect of the ozone degradation conditions on the degree of polymerization and the amount of amylose in a raw starch was determined. Since the degree of polymerization was low and the amount of amylose was high, raw starch treated with an ozone concentration of 40 gm−3 and an ozonation time of 30 min was the material chosen for alcohol fermentation. Though the recombinant yeast could not convert the untreated raw starch, it converted the soluble starch and the ozonized raw starch at a comparatively high yield into ethanol. About 56% of the ozonized raw starch decomposed, and the ethanol concentration obtained from the ozonized raw starch was markedly greater than that obtained from untreated raw starch. The dynamic behavior of cell growth, substrate degradation, and ethanol production was examined in a continuous culture under various dilution rates, and the optimal dilution rate, ie 0.15 h−1, was determined for maximizing the ethanol productivity (amount of ethanol produced per unit time).© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Online monitoring of a bioprocess based on a multi‐analyser system and multivariate statistical process modelling
Authors: Cimander Christian , Mandenius Carl‐Fredrik 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMultivariate statistical process control (MSPC) was for the first time applied to analyse data from a bioprocess on‐line multi‐analyser system consisting of an electronic nose (EN), a near‐infrared spectroscope (NIRS), a mass spectrometer (MS) and standard bioreactor probes. One hundred and fifty sensor signals from the electronic nose, 1050 wavelength signals from the NIRS, carbon dioxide evolution rate calculated from mass spectrometer signals and standard bioreactor data (eg amount of substrate fed) were interrogated for their ability to model a bioprocess using MSPC. The models obtained were validated on a recombinant Escherichia coli fed‐batch process for tryptophan production. Limiting trajectories were defined in the MSPC models for warning, action, and process experience with respect to biomass and tryptophan concentrations. The results showed the capacity and robustness of MSPC models for monitoring with multi‐analysers and allowed a comparison of the different analysers' suitability for this kind of data processing. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that MSPC models provide a functional and versatile framework for coping with large information flows and are also suited to a variety of other bioprocessing monitoring and control tasks.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
An integrated downstream processing strategy for the recovery and partial purification of penicillin acylase from crude media
Authors: Fonseca L P , Cabral J M S 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn integrated process strategy for the recovery of penicillin acylase was developed, based on precipitation of non‐enzymatic proteins directly from Escherichia coli homogenates or crude extracts using Rolquat (quaternary ammonium salt) and adsorption of the enzyme on Amp‐Seph (3.8 µmole ampicillin cm−3) under pseudo‐affinity conditions. The effect of pH, concentrations of ammonium sulfate and Rolquat, and also concentrations of protein and cell debris on the precipitation of non‐enzymatic proteins from homogenates and crude extracts of penicillin acylase were analysed. The method of addition of Rolquat to homogenates and crude extracts significantly influenced the size of the precipitated particles. Improved results on the specific activity of penicillin acylase were obtained for 22% and 1% (w/v) of ammonium sulfate and Rolquat, respectively, added sequentially to enzyme solutions and at room temperature. Under these experimental conditions, the specific activity of penicillin acylase in homogenates and crude extracts was enhanced 2.5–3.0‐fold. Finally, the integrated process strategy was implemented first by precipitation of non‐enzymatic proteins and recovery of penicillin acylase directly from the enzyme solution treated with Rolquat using an adsorption/filtration system with an overall yield of 86%. This system allows simultaneously the filtration of cell debris and fine precipitated particles, in situ recovery of penicillin acylase by its adsorption on Amp‐Seph, and selective desorption of the enzyme with a specific activity of 11 IU (mg prot)−1 and a desorption yield of 95%.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Melanization stimulating factor (MSF) and melanization inhibiting factor (MIF) in the integument of fish
Authors: Zuasti Adelina 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe present studies were directed to demonstrate that adult fish skin contains putative factors that affect chromatophore and/or chromatoblast function. This hypothesis is based upon the possibility that hypo and/or hyperpigmented areas of the skin are so pigmented because of the localized expression of intrinsic factors that are either stimulatory or inhibitory to the differentiation of specific pigment cell types. In all the morphological and biochemical experiments carried out, we used culture media conditioned by dorsal (DCM) or ventral (VCM) skin from different species of fish. Both DCM and VCM were capable of stimulating differentiation of melanophores in neural crest explants. While the stimulation of melanization is an activity present in both dorsal and ventral skin, an inhibitory activity is also present in ventral skin at such a concentration that it overrides the stimulatory activity afforded by DCM. With biochemical assays, we demonstrated that the three important sequential enzymatic steps in melanogenesis are all stimulated by the conditioned media in a dose‐dependent manner and this results in an increase in the amount of melanin present in cultured cells. The results of our investigations provide strong evidence that there are intrinsic pigment cell regulatory factors in the integument of fish, the inhibitory activity being stronger in the ventrum, and that those factors strongly influence, perhaps even determine, the pigment patterns of fish. Microsc. Res. Tech. 58:488–495, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calponin, caldesmon, and chromatophores: The smooth muscle connection
Authors: Meyer‐Rochow Victor Benno , Royuela Mar 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObservations on pigment translocations in fish chromatophores and speculations on the chemo‐mechanical transduction processes responsible for the recorded chromatosome motilities are briefly reviewed. The presence of the two smooth muscle proteins caldesmon and calponin is confirmed by immunocytochemistry for melanophores and iridophores of the Antarctic fishes Pagothenia borchgrevinki and Trematomus bernacchii. Troponin, a typical vertebrate skeletal muscle protein is absent from the chromatophores of the two fish species. It is suggested that calponin's role, in the presence of Ca2+ and calmodulin, is that of a modulator and that caldesmon, a molecule that competes with calponin for actin binding sites, is in a position in which it can switch on and off Ca2+‐dependent contractility and relaxation. Freshly caught Antarctic fish are receiving conflicting signals, when hauled from the dark under‐ice to the bright above‐ice environment (nor‐adrenaline secretion promoting aggregation, but exposure to bright light bringing on pigment dispersion); it is in such situations that the two proteins in question could play important roles. The precise nature of their involvement still needs to be worked out, but the fact that they do exist in the chromatophores at all, appears to have an ontogenetic background. Microsc. Res. Tech. 58:504–513, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Highlight: BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins in breast cancer
Authors: Daniel Dianne C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHeterozygous carriers of loss‐of‐function germline mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 breast cancer susceptibility genes have a predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer. Multiple functions have been ascribed to the products of these genes, linking them to pathways that inhibit progression to neoplasia. Various investigators have assigned roles for these tumor suppressor gene products in the cell functions of genome repair, transcription, and growth control. There is emerging evidence that BRCA1 may participate in ubiquitin E3 ligase activity. BRCA1 and BRCA2 have each been implicated in chromatin remodeling dynamics via protein partnering. Ubiquitin ligase and chromatin remodeling activities need not be mutually exclusive and both may function in DNA repair, transcriptional regulation, or cell cycle control. Here we highlight certain recent findings and currently unanswered questions regarding BRCA1 and BRCA2 in breast cancer. Microsc. Res. Tech. 59:68–83, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evolutionary divergence of vertebrate Hoxb2 expression patterns and transcriptional regulatory loci
Authors: Scemama Jean‐luc , Hunter Michael , Mccallum Jeff , Prince Victoria , Stellwag Edmund 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHox gene expression is regulated by a complex array of cis‐acting elements that control spatial and temporal gene expression in developing embryos. Here, we report the isolation of the striped bass Hoxb2a gene, comparison of its expression to the orthologous gene from zebrafish, and comparative genomic analysis of the upstream regulatory region to that of other vertebrates. Comparison of the Hoxb2a gene expression patterns from striped bass to zebrafish revealed similar expression patterns within rhombomeres 3, 4, and 5 of the hindbrain but a notable absence of expression in neural crest tissues of striped bass while neural crest expression is observed in zebrafish and common to other vertebrates. Comparative genomic analysis of the striped bass Hoxb2a–b3a intergenic region to those from zebrafish, pufferfish, human, and mouse demonstrated the presence of common Meis, Hox/Pbx, Krox‐20, and Box 1 elements, which are necessary for rhombomere 3, 4, and 5 expression. Despite their common occurrence, the location and orientation of these transcription elements differed among the five species analyzed, such that Krox‐20 and Box 1 elements are located 3′ to the Meis, Hox/Pbx elements in striped bass, pufferfish, and human while they are located 5′ of this r4 enhancer in zebrafish and mouse. Our results suggest that the plasticity exhibited in the organization of key regulatory elements responsible for rhombomere‐specific Hoxb2a expression may reflect the effects of stabilizing selection in the evolution cis‐acting elements. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 294:285–299, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On a list coloring conjecture of Reed
Authors: Bohman Tom , Holzman Ron 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe construct graphs with lists of available colors for each vertex, such that the size of every list exceeds the maximum vertex‐color degree, but there exists no proper coloring from the lists. This disproves a conjecture of Reed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 41: 106–109, 2002
Muscle development in Antalis entalis (Mollusca, Scaphopoda) and its significance for scaphopod relationships
Authors: Wanninger Andreas , Haszprunar Gerhard 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe applied fluorescence staining of F‐actin, confocal laser scanning microscopy, as well as bright‐field light microscopy, SEM, and TEM to examine myogenesis in larval and early juvenile stages of the tusk‐shell, Antalis entalis. Myogenesis follows a strict bilaterally symmetrical pattern without special larval muscle systems. The paired cephalic and foot retractors appear synchronously in the early trochophore‐like larva. In late larvae, both retractors form additional fibers that project into the anterior region, thus enabling retraction of the larval prototroch. These fibers, together with the prototroch, disappear during metamorphosis. The anlagen of the putative foot musculature, mantle retractors, and buccal musculature are formed in late larval stages. The cephalic captacula and their musculature are of postmetamorphic origin. Development of the foot musculature is dramatically pronounced after metamorphosis and results in a dense muscular grid consisting of outer ring, intermediate diagonal, and inner longitudinal fibers. This is in accordance with the proposed function of the foot as a burrowing organ based on muscle‐antagonistic activity. The existence of a distinct pair of cephalic retractors, which is also found in basal gastropods and cephalopods, as well as new data on scaphopod shell morphogenesis and recent cladistic analyses, indicate that the Scaphopoda may be more closely related to the Gastropoda and Cephalopoda than to the Bivalvia. J. Morphol. 254:53–64, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organization of the nervous system in the pygmy cuttlefish, Idiosepius paradoxus ortmann (Idiosepiidae, cephalopoda)
Authors: Shigeno Shuichi , Yamamoto Masamichi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe idiosepiid cuttlefish is a suitable organism for behavioral, genetic, and developmental studies. As morphological bases for these studies, organization of the nervous system was examined in Idiosepius paradoxus Ortmann, 1881, using Cajal's silver technique and immunohistochemical staining with anti‐acetylated α‐tubulin antibody. The nervous architecture is generally identical to that described in Sepia and Loligo, but some features characterize the idiosepiid nervous system. The olfactory system is highly developed in the optic tract region. The dorsolateral lobes show large neuropils, connected with each other by a novel well‐fasciculated commissure. Each olfactory lobe is subdivided into two lobules. The neuropils of the anterior and the posterior chromatophore lobes are very poorly developed. Neuronal gigantism is not extensive in the brain; enlarged neuronal cells are visible only in the perikaryal layer of the posterior subesophageal mass. The giant nerve fiber system is of the Sepia type; the axons are not markedly thick and the first‐order giant fibers do not fuse with each other at the chiasma. Three‐dimensional images by whole‐mount immunostaining clarified the innervation pattern in the peripheral nervous system in detail. Two commissural fibers link the left and right posterior funnel nerves ventrally and dorsally. The stellate commissure, which is absent in Sepia and Sepiola, connects the stellate ganglia with each other. A branch of the visceral nerve innervating the median pallial adductor muscle is characteristically thick. Tubulinergic reactivity of the cilia and axons reveals the presence of many ciliated cells giving off an axon toward brain nerves in the surface of the funnel, head integument, arm tips, and epidermal lines. Some of these features seem to reflect the inactive nekto‐benthic life of the idiosepiid cuttlefish in the eelgrass bed. J. Morphol. 254:65–80, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New thin wire formulation for time‐domain differential‐equation models
Authors: K. Choong Y. , Sewell P. , Christopoulos C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA novel thin wire formulation for the description of thin wires in coarse numerical models is described. This new approach uses the exact local field expansions around the thin wire which are mapped onto the coarse mesh. The method is accurate, overcomes existing limitations and approximations, does not incur additional computational overheads, requires no empirical factors, and can be extended to other fine feature objects.In this paper, the complete derivation is presented with numerical results and examples used for validation. Further significant extensions of the work is described as a separate section to emphasize possibilities and generality of the method. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase overexpression promotes survival of cortical neurons exposed to neurotoxins in vitro
Authors: Borg Jacques , London Jacqueline 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOxidative stress and excitotoxicity have been implicated as triggering factors in various neurodegenerative diseases or acute neurological insults. Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), a potent free radical scavenging factor, may prevent the progression of such diseases. In the present study, we show that SOD1 overexpression promoted the survival of cortical neuronal cultures originating from mice carrying the human SOD1 transgene. SOD1 overexpression significantly protected against the deleterious effect of reactive oxygen species, ceramide, or N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA). It also preserved cortical neurons against apoptosis induced by NMDA or ceramide, as revealed by a smaller increase in caspase 3 activity. SOD1 overexpression was correlated with higher SOD1 activity, and neurotoxins induced an increase in SOD1 activity in cultures from both mice. Moreover, the ratio of increase of SOD1 in cultures from nontransgenic vs. transgenic mice was similar in control cultures or following neurotoxins administration. The highest amount of neurotoxin‐induced SOD1 activity was generated by NMDA. Moreover, following exposure to hydrogen peroxide, the cytoskeletal organization was altered, as evidenced by modifications of β‐tubulin or MAP2 labelling. The fact that increased superoxide dismutase activity protected neurons suggests that appropriate control of SOD1 activity is required for neuronal survival under stressful conditions. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Higher order interference effects in the anisotropic Raman spectra of HCl and DCl in liquid SF6
Authors: Padilla A. , Pérez J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe anisotropic Raman spectra of HCl and DCl in liquid SF6 were calculated in a theoretical framework which introduces the concept of higher order interference effects to describe the non‐additivity of overlapping resonances. The contributions in the different branches are discussed comparatively and the theoretical profiles are compared with existing experimental data. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of carvedilol by combined Raman spectroscopy and ab initio MO calculations
Authors: Marques M. P. M. , Oliveira P. J. , Moreno A. J. M. , Batista de Carvalho L. A. E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe novel cardioprotective drug carvedilol was studied by both Raman spectroscopy and ab initio molecular orbital methods (using the density functional theory approach). The spectra, acquired both for the solid samples and DMSO solutions as a function of pH, were assigned in view of the calculated wavenumbers and intensities, and also based on the experimental data obtained for individual compounds which comprise the molecule, namely carbazole and 1,2‐dimethoxybenzene. The pH dependence of the Raman pattern of carvedilol was studied, and the pKa value of its secondary amine group was determined (pKa = 8.25) through pH titration experiments. This kind of information is of great significance for the understanding of the biochemical role of carvedilol, which is strongly determined by the acid–base behaviour of the molecule. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition and thermal behaviour of fats from seeds of Brazilian Amazonian Theobroma species
Authors: Gilabert‐Escrivá M Victoria , Gonçalves Lireny A G , Silva C Rogério S , Figueira Antonio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRaw materials for cocoa butter substitutes, replacements or equivalents depend mostly on the unsteady supply from wild stands of plants, while there is no current supply of Neotropical origin. Seed fats from Theobroma species (T cacao, T bicolor, T grandiflorum, T obovatum, T subincanum, T speciosum, T sylvestre and T microcarpum, plus the closely related species Herrania mariae) were analysed for fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition by gas and liquid chromatography respectively, for iodine value, for melting point by open capillary tube and for solid fat content (SFC) by nuclear magnetic resonance. All Theobroma species had significantly lower palmitate levels than T cacao, except for T sylvestre and T speciosum, T microcarpum presented highly unsaturated fat (C18:2), while H mariae had high levels of arachidate. Fats from T sylvestre and T speciosum had a similar iodine value to T cacao and a higher melting point. No fat from the other species presented a similar melting profile to cocoa butter. T sylvestre and T bicolor were the most similar to T cacao but had a higher SFC at human body temperature. T sylvestre and T speciosum seed fats had more POP than cocoa butter. Fats from seeds of T speciosum, T sylvestre and T bicolor could be recommended as cocoa butter substitutes, while fats from species of the section Glossopetalum could be employed in products requiring fats with a lower melting point.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Changes in the physical and biochemical properties of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) on conversion to ogi
Authors: Akingbala John O , Uzo‐Peters Phyllis I , Jaiyeoba Cordelia N , Baccus‐Taylor Gail S H 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMillet was converted into ogi, a naturally fermented cereal product, by the traditional wet milling/wet sieving process and by fermenting millet meal and ground millet malt. Proximate chemical composition, flavanol content, vitamin A and B2 contents, energy value, protein and starch availabilities and Brabender paste viscosity of millet grain and ogi were determined. Yields of ogi ranged from 67.5 to 96.5%. Protein, ether extract, ash and crude fibre contents were reduced in ogi by 2.3–24, 3.9–25.5, 14.3–28.6 and 6.6–42.3% respectively, while the soluble carbohydrate content of the grain (68.2 ± 12 g kg−1) was retained. Flavanol content of millet (1.025 g c‐glycosylflavanol equivalent kg−1 grain) was reduced in ogi (0.643–0.872 g c‐glycosylflavanol equivalent kg−1 grain). Vitamin A content was reduced by 21.4–53.4% and vitamin B2 content was increased by 85.7–242.8% on conversion of millet into ogi. Apparent protein availability increased by 91.3–144.9% with papain digestion and by 47.6–109.5% without papain. However, changes in tryptophan (5.6%) and lysine (5.2%) were less marked, except in ogi from malt, which showed 22.2 and 20.8% increases in tryptophan and lysine contents respectively. Apparent carbohydrate availability increased (by 17–93%) but energy value generally remained the same (highest increase 3.4%) when millet was converted to ogi. Conversion of grain to ogi reduced paste viscosity.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry