bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex‐based differences in track running distances of 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1500m in the 8 and under and 9–10‐year‐old age groups
Authors: Brown Gregory A. , Shaw Brandon S. , Shaw Ina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThere are contradictory claims regarding sex‐based differences in athletic performance before puberty, but there has been minimal evaluation of sex‐based differences in competitive running performance before puberty. The purpose of this project was to determine if there are prepubertal sex‐based differences in track running performance. Finalist times from the USA Track and Field National Youth Outdoor Championships and National Junior Olympic Championships during the years 2016–2023 for running distances of 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1500m in the 8 and under and 9–10‐year‐old age groups were analyzed for sex‐based differences. In the 8 and under age group, the males were, on average, faster (p = 0.000, Hedges' g = 0.632–0.834) than females by 4.0% in the distance of 100m, 4.7% in 200m, 5.3% in 400m, 6.7% in 800m, and 6.1% in 1500m. In the 9–10‐year‐old age group, the males were, on average, faster (p = 0.000, Hedges' g = 0.584–1.089) than females by 2.9% in the distance of 100m, 4.6% in 200m, 4.0% in 400m, 4.0% in 800m, and 5.9% in 1500m. In each distance and age group between 2016 and 2023, the individual fastest male was faster than the individual fastest female by 3.7 ± 2.3%. The present data indicate that, in elite competition, males in the 8 and under and 9–10‐year‐old age groups typically run faster than females of the same age by 2.9%–6.7% for running distances of 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1500m. These findings are of particular importance as government agencies and sports organizations consider policies regarding single sex sports competition for youth.
A pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry study of volatile compounds produced by wood‐based materials
Authors: Marchoubeh Mahsa Lotfi , Knight Holli , Horn Gavin P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe pyrolysis by‐products of five common wood‐based construction materials (low‐density wood fiberboard, oriented strand board, pine, particle board, and plywood) were studied using pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Samples of wood‐based materials were pyrolyzed under helium from 300 to 800°C to further understand the production of compounds that may become airborne and available for respiratory and dermal exposure. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p‐xylene, styrene, and naphthalene were specifically targeted since these compounds are common by‐products of pyrolysis. These compounds have been measured in previous live fire scenarios and are associated with human health concerns. The generated pyrolysates were separated and identified with a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry instrument. The results from total ion chromatograms and selected ion monitoring chromatograms were analyzed to compare the abundance of chemicals of interest generated during pyrolysis. Oriented strand board and plywood generated the greatest total concentration of the targeted volatile organic compounds. Plywood and particle boards generated the largest variety in results. Samples from solid pine boards generated the smallest number of volatile compounds, followed by low‐density wood fiberboard that is manufactured with wood fibers, starch, and wax. Notably, pyrolysis by‐products are not the sole compounds generated during the combustion of biomass and these products evolve when they are exposed to the conditions of combustion. Our future work plans to study the combustion by‐products of these materials.
The estimation of wheat yield combined with UAV canopy spectral and volumetric data
Authors: Liu Tao , Wu Fei , Mou Nana , Zhu Shaolong , Yang Tianle , Zhang Weijun , Wang Hui , Wu Wei , Zhao Yuanyuan , Sun Chengming , Yao Zhaosheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEstimating wheat yield accurately is crucial for efficient agricultural management. While canopy spectral information is widely used for this purpose, the incorporation of canopy volumetric features (CVFs) remains underexplored. This study bridges this gap by utilizing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multispectral imaging to capture images and elevation data of wheat at key developmental stages—gestation and flowering stages. We innovatively leveraged the elevation differences between these stages to calculate canopy height, develop a novel CVF, and refine the wheat yield prediction model across various wheat varieties, nitrogen fertilizer levels, and planting densities. The integration of canopy volume information significantly enhanced the accuracy of our yield prediction model, as evidenced by an R2 of 0.8380, an RMSE of 313.3 kg/ha, and an nRMSE of 11.33%. This approach not only yielded more precise estimates than models relying solely on spectral data but also introduced a novel dimension to wheat yield estimation methodologies. Our findings suggest that incorporating canopy volume characteristics can substantially optimize wheat yield prediction models, presenting a groundbreaking perspective for agricultural yield estimation.
Gene‐based association tests in family samples using GWAS summary statistics
Authors: Wang Peng , Xu Xiao , Li Ming , Lou Xiang‐Yang , Xu Siqi , Wu Baolin , Gao Guimin , Yin Ping , Liu Nianjun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have led to rapid growth in detecting genetic variants associated with various phenotypes. Owing to a great number of publicly accessible GWAS summary statistics, and the difficulty in obtaining individual‐level genotype data, many existing gene‐based association tests have been adapted to require only GWAS summary statistics rather than individual‐level data. However, these association tests are restricted to unrelated individuals and thus do not apply to family samples directly. Moreover, due to its flexibility and effectiveness, the linear mixed model has been increasingly utilized in GWAS to handle correlated data, such as family samples. However, it remains unknown how to perform gene‐based association tests in family samples using the GWAS summary statistics estimated from the linear mixed model. In this study, we show that, when family size is negligible compared to the total sample size, the diagonal block structure of the kinship matrix makes it possible to approximate the correlation matrix of marginal Z scores by linkage disequilibrium matrix. Based on this result, current methods utilizing summary statistics for unrelated individuals can be directly applied to family data without any modifications. Our simulation results demonstrate that this proposed strategy controls the type 1 error rate well in various situations. Finally, we exemplify the usefulness of the proposed approach with a dental caries GWAS data set.
Why do drinkers earn more? Job characteristics as a possible link
Authors: Bai Yihong , Grignon Michel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAfter some initial controversy, an inverted U‐shape relationship between the consumption of alcohol and earnings seems to be an established result, at least in North America. It has been dubbed a “drinking premium”, at least in the lower portion of the consumption curve. It is still unclear, perhaps even counter‐intuitive, why such a drinking premium exists and the literature suggests it is not causal but results rather from selection effects. We suggest here that part of the premium is linked to occupation: some occupations pay better, controlling for the usual human capital determinants, and also attract drinkers or induce workers to drink more. Using a sample of full‐time employed or self‐employed individuals aged 25–64 and not in poor health from the 2015‐16 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), we confirm the existence of a drinking premium and a positive return to the quantity or frequency of drinking up to high levels of consumption. Using information on jobs held by respondents, linked to a data set of job characteristics, we find that controlling for job characteristics reduces the premium or return to drinking by approximately 30% overall, and up to 50% for female workers.
Mapping trends and hotspots in research on global influenza vaccine hesitancy: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhengyu , Tang Songjia , Huang Zhihui , Tan Juntao , Wu Xiaoxin , Hong Qian , Yuan Yuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsInfluenza is one of the most widespread respiratory infections and poses a huge burden on health care worldwide. Vaccination is key to preventing and controlling influenza. Influenza vaccine hesitancy is an important reason for the low vaccination rate. In 2019, Vaccine hesitancy was identified as one of the top 10 threats to global health by the World Health Organization. However, there remains a glaring scarcity of bibliometric research in that regard. This study sought to identify research hotspots and future development trends on influenza vaccine hesitation and provide a new perspective and reference for future research.MethodsWe retrieved publications on global influenza vaccine hesitancy from the Web of Science Core Collection database, Scopus, and PubMed databases from inception to 2022. This study used VOSviewer and CiteSpace for visualization analysis.ResultsInfluenza vaccine hesitancy‐related publications increased rapidly from 2012 and peaked in 2022. One hundred and nine countries contributed to influenza vaccine hesitation research, and the United States ranked first with 541 articles and 7161 citations. Vaccines‐Basel was the journal with the largest number of published studies on influenza vaccine hesitations. MacDonald was the most frequently cited author. The most popular research topics on influenza vaccine hesitancy were (1) determinants of influenza vaccination in specific populations, such as healthcare workers, children, pregnant women, and so on; (2) influenza and COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionsThe trend in the number of annual publications related to influenza vaccine hesitancy indicating the COVID‐19 pandemic will prompt researchers to increase their attention to influenza vaccine hesitancy. With healthcare workers as the key, reducing vaccine hesitancy and improving vaccine acceptance in high‐risk groups will be the research direction in the next few years.
Protein Glycosylation Patterns Shaped by the IRE1‐XBP1s Arm of the Unfolded Protein Response
Authors: Chen Kenny , Shoulders Matthew D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe unfolded protein response (UPR) is a sensing and signaling pathway that surveys the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for protein folding challenges and responds whenever issues are detected. UPR activation leads to upregulation of secretory pathway chaperones and quality control factors, as well as reduces the nascent protein load on the ER, thereby restoring and maintaining proteostasis. This paradigm‐defining view of the role of the UPR is accurate, but it elides additional key functions of the UPR in cell biology. In particular, recent work has revealed that the UPR can shape the structure and function of N‐ and O‐glycans installed on ER client proteins. This crosstalk between the UPR's reaction to protein misfolding and the regulation of glycosylation remains insufficiently understood. Still, emerging evidence makes it clear that the UPR, and particularly the IRE1‐XBP1s arm of the UPR, may be a central regulator of protein glycosylation, with important biological consequences. In this review, we discuss the crosstalk between proteostasis, the UPR, and glycosylation, present progress towards understanding biological functions of this crosstalk, and examine potential roles in diseases such as cancer.
Efficacy, safety, and feasibility of the treatment of intrauterine pathologies with the mini‐resectoscope: A systematic review
Authors: Etrusco Andrea , Laganà Antonio Simone , Chiantera Vito , Gerli Sandro , Carugno Jose , Sorrentino Felice , Riemma Gaetano , Vitagliano Amerigo , Favilli Alessandro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundHysteroscopy represents the gold standard for the diagnosis and treatment of intrauterine pathologies. The advent of the mini‐resectoscope heralded a new era in intrauterine surgery, both in inpatient and outpatient settings.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and feasibility of the mini‐resectoscope for the treatment of intrauterine pathologies.Search StrategyElectronic databases were searched for English‐language trials describing surgical procedures for uterine pathologies performed with a mini‐resectoscope until 30 April 2023.Selection CriteriaRetrospective or prospective original studies reporting the treatment of uterine pathologies with mini‐resectoscope were deemed eligible for the inclusion.Data Collection and AnalysisData about study features, characteristics of included populations, surgical procedures, complications, and results/outcomes were collected.ResultsSeven papers that met the inclusion criteria were included in this systematic review. Quantitative analysis was not possible due to data heterogeneity. A descriptive synthesis of the results was provided accordingly to the pathology hysteroscopically removed/corrected: polyps and myomas, uterine septum, intrauterine synechiae, and isthmocele.ConclusionsThe mini‐resectoscope is poised to play a leading role in hysteroscopic surgery for many pathologies, both in inpatient and outpatient settings. Since some applications of the mini‐resectoscope have not yet been thoroughly investigated, future studies should address current knowledge gaps, designing high‐quality comparative trials on specific applications.
Open access transition in obstetrics and gynecology journals—The international impact
Authors: Levin Gabriel , Brezinov Yoav , Tzur Yossi , Meyer Raanan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo study the impact of converting from subscription‐based publishing to open access (“flipping”) in three obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) journals.MethodsWe compared original articles in three OBGYN journals during a matched subscription‐based and open access publishing period. We analyzed citation metrics and country of authorship.ResultsOverall, 1522 studies were included; of those, 869 (57.1%) were before flipping and 653 (42.9%) were after flipping. There was a decrease in publications by lower‐middle income countries from 7.7% in subscription‐based publishing to 1.8% in open access (P < 0.001). There was a decrease in the proportion of articles from South Asia (2.5% vs 0.5%), North America (14.4% vs 9.4%), and the Middle East (7.4% vs 2.5%), and an increase in publications from East Asia and Pacific (17.4% vs 30.9%; P < 0.001). The relative citation ratio was higher in the open access period (median 1.65 vs 0.95, P < 0.001). The number of citations per year was higher in the open access period (median 3.0 vs 2.0, P < 0.001). There was an increase in the proportion of funded studies (from 40.2% to 47.8%; P = 0.003).ConclusionsFlipping to open access in OBGYN journals is associated with a citation advantage with major authorship changes, leading to inequity.
Experiential avoidance, thought suppression, meta‐cognition, and body‐checking among women during pregnancy and postpartum: Buffering effect of self‐compassion
Authors: Ilyas Uzma , Tariq Zarmin , Asim Javeria , Arshad Zahra 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe present study attempted to explore the psychological experiences of experiential avoidance, thought suppression, meta‐cognition, self‐compassion and body‐checking during two stages of maternity (pregnancy and postpartum) among women embracing maternity for the first time.MethodsThe study used a cross sectional correlational design and enrolled 306 women participants who were in their third trimester of pregnancy or of postpartum (pregnant = 154 [50.3%]; postpartum = 152 [49.7%]) with ages ranging between 20 and 35 years (M = 26.62; SD = 2.19). The data was collected using the Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ); Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ); Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ); Self‐Compassion Scale (SCS), and Body‐checking Questionnaire (BCQ). Data was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 21.ResultsA significant positive association was observed between experiential avoidance, thought suppression, meta‐cognition, and body‐checking while self‐compassion showed reverse association with these variables. The body‐checking outcome was significantly negatively predicted by self‐compassionate attitude and positively by thought suppression in both groups (i.e., pregnant and postpartum). The experiential avoidance positively predicted body‐checking among women in post‐partum group only. Moreover, a mediating association of experiential avoidance and a moderating effect of self‐compassion (self‐kindness and common humanity) and meta‐cognition (positive beliefs about worry and need to control thought) were also observed to moderate between thought suppression and body‐checking outcomes.ConclusionThe study concluded that experiential avoidance and thought suppression contribute in developing body‐checking behaviors among women who are pregnant or at postpartum stage of maternity. In addition, self‐compassion and meta‐cognition moderate this association with self‐compassion playing potential buffer.
An exploratory study of the factors associated with use of contraceptive methods in young Chilean women aged 17–29 years
Authors: Pérez Barrios Eva , Díaz‐Valdés Antonia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo explore factors related to the use of contraceptive methods in young Chilean women with higher education.MethodsUsing the 9th Chilean National Youth Survey, multinomial models were conducted to predict contraceptive methods used during the last intercourse among sexually initiated female college students aged 17–29 years who had already completed high school (n = 1828).ResultsThe results indicate that using contraceptive methods at onset sexual activity was positively associated with the use of all contraceptive methods (relative risk ratio [RRR]immediate = 3.97, RRRdaily = 2.95, RRRlong‐term = 1.82, P < 0.05). Having a previous unintended pregnancy increased the odds of using long‐term contraceptive methods (RRR = 2.13, P < 0.05). Increased age of sexual initiation was associated with increased odds of using immediate contraception methods (RRRadolescence = 2.57, RRRyoung adulthood = 3.75, P < 0.05). Substance use was not associated with contraception methods used. Medium socioeconomic status, compared with high, decreased the odds of using immediate and daily contraceptive methods (RRR = 0.26, P < 0.05 for both). Low socioeconomic status was associated with decreased odds of using daily contraception (RRR = 0.39, P < 0.05). Finally, incomplete (RRR = 2.21, P < 0.05) or complete (RRR = 2.38, P < 0.05) professional education increased the odds of immediate contraceptive methods.ConclusionsTo generate family planning policies aimed at university students, individual factors related to sexual behavior should be addressed in accordance with the local reality and with a gender focus.
Egg‐Protein‐Induced Villous Atrophy
Authors: Iyngkaran N. , Abidin Zainal , Meng Looi Lai , Yadav M. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThe effect of egg protein on the small bowel mucosa of a 9‐month‐old infant with a history of intolerance to egg protein was studied. Within 24 h of ingestion of egg protein marked villous atrophy, depletion of mucosal oligosaccharidases, impaired absorption of xylose, and depressed serum complement levels were observed. The study demonstrates that egg protein is yet another cause of flat mucosa of the small intestine in infants.
The Incidence of Anemia, Hypoproteinemia, and Edema in Infants as Presenting Symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Nielsen Ole Haagen , Larsen Birthe Furlie 
Published: February 2024

SummaryAmong the total number of patients treated at the Danish National Center for cystic fibrosis during the period 1949–1980, 130 had been hospitalized during infancy. Seven of them (approximately 5%) had developed edema, hypoproteinemia, and anemia between their first and fifth month of life. All seven patients had survived for more than 1 year after the onset of the symptom complex. This finding differs markedly from observations in studies from abroad; the prognosis in children with these presenting symptoms of cystic fibrosis is generally stated as being poor. Most of the sweat electrolyte tests performed during the edema period were within the limits of normality but became elevated after the edema resolved.
Effects of Intravenously Administered Safflower Oil Emulsion on Respiratory Gas Exchange of Low‐Birth‐Weight Infants
Authors: Bell Edward F. , Weinstein Marie R. , Oh William 
Published: February 2024

Summary:Safflower oil emulsion (Liposyn® 10%) was infused intravenously to supplement energy intake in five low‐birth‐weight infants. Respiratory gas exchange was measured before and after the addition of fat emulsion in doses of 1‐2 g of fat/kg/day to an intravenous feeding regimen of dextrose and amino acids. The oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production rates were greater during fat infusion in all infants, but the mean respiratory quotient was not different. The increase in energy intake provided by the fat emulsion exceeded the increase in energy expenditure, allowing more energy to be stored for growth.
Effects of Long‐Term Dietary Modifications on Pancreatic Enzyme Activity
Authors: Houghton M. R. , Morgan R. G. H. , Gracey Michael 
Published: February 2024

Summary:The effect of long‐term dietary modification on pancreatic exocrine function in rats has been investigated by examining responses to cholecystokinin‐pan‐creozymin stimulation, using a method of direct pan‐creatic duct cannulation. Residual pancreatic enzyme activity remaining in the whole pancreas following stimulation was also measured. After 6 months of dietary modification, changes in the pancreatic secretions of high‐protein‐or high‐fat‐fed animals were similar to those reported in short‐term studies in which elevation of trypsin and lipase activity occurred in the pancreas. However, between 6 and 9 months, both volume and amylase activity of pancreatic secretions decreased in animals fed a high‐protein diet. At 6 and 9 months, animals fed a high‐carbohydrate diet had increased amounts of amylase and decreased trypsin in both pancreatic secretion and homogenate, similar to short‐term changes previously reported. High‐carbohydrate‐fed animals had decreased lipase activity in pancreatic secretions, but lipase activity in pancreatic homogenates was increased, similar to levels found in animals fed a high‐fat diet.