bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Physicochemical Properties of Dialdehyde Tapioca Starch
Authors: Wongsagon Rungtiwa , Shobsngob Sujin , Varavinit Saiyavit 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTapioca starch was oxidized by periodic acid (sodium metaperiodate plus hydrochloric acid) to form dialdehyde tapioca starch (DAS). The influence of periodate concentration (NaIO4, 0.05 N, 0.1 N, 0.2 N and 0.3 N) on the physicochemical properties of DAS such as aldehyde and carboxyl contents, relative crystallinity, thermal properties, pasting properties, swelling power, solubility and molecular weight distribution was investigated. The results indicated that aldehyde and carboxyl contents of DAS increased linearly with the increasing of periodate concentration. X‐ray diffraction patterns of DAS remained unchanged after periodate oxidation whereas the relative crystallinity decreased as periodate concentration increased. Furthermore, the gelatinization temperatures (To and Tp) of DAS were also increased, whereas the gelatinization enthalpy decreased. As determined in the Rapid Visco Analyser, the periodate oxidation increased the pasting temperature and peak viscosity as well as breakdown of the tapioca starch. The swelling power of DAS was higher than that of unmodified tapioca starch at 60°C and 70°C, but was lower at 80°C and 90°C. However, the solubility was higher than that of native tapioca starch at all incubation temperatures. Both amylose and amylopectin fractions were degraded during the oxidation reaction as measured by HPSEC. The thermal stability of DAS at boiling temperature was also investigated and depolymerization of the DAS could not be detected at any heating time as demonstrated for the thermal stability of the DAS.
Effects of Extraction Methods on Yam (Dioscorea alata) Starch Characteristics
Authors: Daiuto Érica , Cereda Marney , Sarmento Silene , Vilpoux Olivier 
Published: March 2005

AbstractStarch extraction from roots and tubers uses grating with water and sieves to separate the starch slurry from residual mass. The starch is recovered by decantation or centrifugation. The yam starch extraction is difficult due to high viscosity of the slurry caused by non‐starch polysaccharides (NSP). The establishment of an efficient extraction process may turn yam into a competitive raw material. In this paper Dioscorea alata starch extracted by four methods was characterized in order to establish the impact of treatments. When the tubers were digested with an aqueous oxalic acid/ammonium oxalate (OA/AO) 1/1 solution, it was easier to separate the starch slurry from residual mass, because viscosity was reduced. For all the others methods tested, the viscosity remained almost the same. The nitrogen present in yam tubers was removed during the different extractions to a different extent. The largest nitrogen reduction was observed with OA/AO followed by the control (water). The spectrum of starch granules sizes obtained also varied according to the treatment. Results proved that NSP carries small starch granules over to the waste water. The smaller starch granules diameter varied from 1.9 µm (OA/AO extraction) to 13.5 µm (water and pectinase extractions). The larger diameter varied from 41.0 µm (NaOH treatment) to 67.7 µm (OA/AO). All starches extracted showed a RVA behavior in agreement with literature for yam starch, but with small differences due to the influence of methods. OA/AO extraction showed the best recovery (18 g of starch/100 g tuber yam) and granular variation but it interfered with the rheological behavior of starch.
Isolation, Physicochemical Characterization and Application of Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Starch as Thickening and Gelling Agent
Authors: Brunnschweiler Judith , Luethi Denise , Handschin Stephan , Farah Zakaria , Escher Felix , Conde‐Petit Béatrice 
Published: March 2005

AbstractYam starch of the species Dioscorea alata and D. cayenensis‐rotundata was isolated, characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction, iodine titration, hot‐stage microscopy and rheology, and compared to potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tapioca (Manihot esculenta) starch. The amylose content of yam starch was around 24% and tended to decrease during postharvest storage. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction showed a mixed A‐ and B‐type crystalline packing. Differences between yam starches from different species and varieties were revealed by DSC. However, the largest differences between the different yam starches were found in terms of their rheological behavior. Yam starch shows an intermediate viscosity increase upon initial heating, but a stable viscosity during further thermal treatment in the Viscograph. Hot‐stage microscopy showed a good preservation of the granular yam structure during heating, which is thought to be responsible for a rather high viscosity at low stress paired with a strong shear‐thinning effect. The mechanical properties of yam starch gels suggest that the preservation of the granular integrity upon swelling limits amylose leaching, but that the aging behavior is primarily determined by the short‐term changes of the amylose fraction. Yam starch has potential as thickening and gelling agent in food.
Amylose Determination of Native High‐Amylose Corn Starches by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Authors: Polaske Nathan W. , Wood Amanda L. , Campbell Mark R. , Nagan Maria C. , Pollak Linda M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractDifferential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was investigated as an alternative method to more conventional iodine‐binding methods for determining starch amylose in a maize breeding program, because it requires fewer steps. In addition, many current DSC instruments are now equipped with sampling robots for performing automated analysis. The iodine‐binding method and a recently described DSC method for amylose determination were compared using five commercial starch samples. In addition, two sets (Set 1 and Set 2) of germplasm samples obtained from a high‐amylose breeding program were examined using each method. Correlation coefficients (r2) between the two methods for the commercial starch samples, Set 1 and Set 2 were found to be 0.99, 0.89 and 0.82, respectively, suggesting a good correlation but with greater discrepancy between them with increasingly higher amylose values. The DSC method appeared to have an improved repeatability, because its associated CV value was lower (4.1%) compared to the iodine‐binding method (5.8%). It was concluded that the DSC method should be effective in discriminating high‐amylose genotypes in a breeding program specifically designed to identify maize starches with amylose values at or above 70%.
The Mast on the House
Authors: Landberg Lars 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAn often encountered problem when preparing the basic input data for a wind atlas study is the correction for the influence of the house or hut on which the mast—whose data form the basis of this wind atlas—is placed. The article will describe an experiment where this problem has been addressed. The knowledge gained will be used to give guidelines as to the use of the WAsP program to correct the observations. Should the house/hut simply be treated as an extension of the mast, should the house/hut be treated as a hill with speed‐up effects, or should the house/hill be ignored completely? The paper will show that the house/hut should indeed be treated as a hill with speed‐up effects. Placing meteorological masts on houses or huts is common practice in quite a few countries in the world. The problem is therefore one which most people involved in detailed wind resource assessment will face sooner or later. The article will show that the effect of the house/hut is such that it cannot be ignored. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
To participate or not to participate: That is the question
Authors: Borden Lynne M. , Perkins Daniel F. , Villarruel Francisco A. , Stone Margaret R. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractImproving access to and interest in out‐of‐school‐time programs is an important goal. A recent study examined the reasons that youth participated or not in programs, with a focus on the experiences of ethnic minority youth.
Decreased muscle blood flow in fibromyalgia patients during standardised muscle exercise: A contrast media enhanced colour doppler study
Authors: Elvin Anders , Siösteen Anna‐Karin , Nilsson Anders , Kosek Eva 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate if contrast enhanced ultrasound (US) imaging of muscular blood flow during and following exercise could detect alterations in vascularity in fibromyalgia (FM) patients. Ten FM patients and 10 matched controls were examined with US during standardised static and directly following static and dynamic muscular contractions of the infraspinatus muscle. Doppler ultrasound evaluation was performed before and after the administration of ultrasound contrast media. The FM patients had lower magnitude of muscle vascularity following dynamic (p < 0.001) and during (p < 0.002) static exercise compared to controls. The immediate flow response to muscular activity was not only of a lower magnitude, but also of a shorter duration in FM patients following dynamic exercise (p < 0.001) and during static exercise (p < 0.01). There were no statistically significant group differences in blood flow intensity or duration following static contraction. In conclusion, contrast enhanced US was found useful to study real‐time muscle blood flow changes during and following standardised, low‐intensity exercise in FM patients and healthy controls. Our results support the suggestion that muscle ischemia can contribute to pain in FM, possibly by maintaining the central nervous changes such as central sensitisation/disinhibition. US with contrast can be a new valuable approach to assess muscle perfusion in pain patients during standardised exercise.
Opioid‐induced or pain relief‐reduced symptoms in advanced cancer patients?
Authors: Mercadante Sebastiano , Villari Patrizia , Ferrera Patrizia , Casuccio Alessandra 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackground While opioids in increasing doses may produce adverse effects, the same adverse effects may be associated with poor pain control. Moreover, in the clinical setting symptomatic treatment and illness may balance the outcome of opioid titration. Some adverse effects may tend to disappear continuing the treatment in a long‐term period.Aims The aim of this study was to monitor the effects of a rapid opioid titration combined with symptomatic treatment in patients with poor relief and to monitor these changes in the following period of 20 days.Methods A consecutive sample of 35 patients admitted to an acute Pain Relief and Palliative Care Unit were titrated with opioids, according to a department policy, allowing administration of parenteral opioids to assist opioid titration with oral or transdermal opioids.Results Thirty‐three patients were followed up for the period of the study. Pain was adequately controlled and doses were opioid doses were stable after a mean of 40 h. Opioid escalation index (OEI) was extremely high initially, and then progressively declined at the following study intervals. Weakness and nausea and vomiting did not change, as well as confusion and appetite. Drowsiness, constipation and dry mouth significantly increased and then did not change, although a significant decrease in drowsiness was subsequently observed. Well‐being improved some weeks after opioid stabilization. In multivariate analysis, drowsiness and dry mouth were correlated to opioid doses.Conclusion The effects reported were often due to multiple causes. A rapid decrease in pain intensity induced by rapid opioid titration does not produce changes in weakness, nausea and vomiting, appetite. While constipation appears the most relevant problem, resistant to common symptomatic treatment, drowsiness initially produced by acute opioid dose increase and the achievement of pain relief, tends to spontaneously decrease, probably as the result of late tolerance. Improved well‐being may be the late positive effect of pain relief, also influenced by the setting of home care.
The Decipherable Rigveda: tiróahnyam as an Example
Authors: Thomson Karen 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe interpretation of the Rigveda presents enormous problems for Vedic scholars, as Stephanie Jamison recently acknowledged in a paper on translating the Rigveda delivered at the Eleventh UCLA Indo-European Conference held in 1999. “It is discouragingly common to find passages in the Rig Veda that do not make sense without the silent supplying of additional material”. (2000: 13)
Male Anxieties: Nerve Force, Nation, and the Power of Sexual Knowledge
Authors: Frühstück Sabine 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn the autumn of 1929, a Kyôto-based journal for popular medicine reported that the dean of sexology, Habuto Eiji, had committed suicide after having suffered from neurasthenia (shinkei suijaku) for a long time. A practicing gynaecologist, Habuto had been the editor of the sexological journal Seiyoku to Jinsei (Sexual Desire and Humankind), the author of numerous books on sexual issues, and the co-author, together with Sawada Junjirô, of an abridged Japanese version of Richard von Krafft-Ebing's Psychopathia Sexualis, entitled Hentai Seiyokuron (1915). He also was involved in the translation of Havelock Ellis's Studies in the Psychology of Sex (1901–1928), the twenty Japanese-language volumes which were advertised under the title Sei no Shinri as early as in 1927. Among other sexologists, Habuto had been a chief theorist on the causes of neurasthenia. Physicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, pedagogues, and sexologists agreed with him that neurasthenia primarily afflicted men and was caused by overpowering exhaustion that was in turn the result of certain sexual practices. Modern commentators like Habuto speculated that neurasthenia was the result of masturbation or – even worse – homosexuality.
Fathering practices in twenty-six intact families and the implications for child contact
Authors: Lewis Jane , Welsh Elaine 
Published: March 2005

The nature of the contribution that fathers make to families is the subject of intense debate by both academics and policymakers. Contact between non-resident fathers and their children has been promoted by government and the courts, but remains difficult to achieve. This paper reports on interview data collected from fathers, mothers and their adolescent children in intact families on the perceptions of fathering practices and the factors that influence them. In addition, the nature and extent of fathers’ involvement with their children is explored in relation to the problem of ‘boundary setting’.While the traditional, rather distant, breadwinning father has disappeared, there is no evidence from this study of a shift towards the kind of father who takes equal day-to-day responsibility for his children. Rather, the changes in the nature of fathers’ involvement with their children are more subtle, relying to a large extent on an appreciation of the importance of ‘passive care’ and of mediation by mothers. We suggest that these findings have important implications for what might be expected by and of fathers when relationships break-up, and for the development of policies to encourage father involvement.
Cognitive Function in Preschool Children after Epilepsy Surgery: Rationale for Early Intervention
Authors: Freitag Hedwig , Tuxhorn Ingrid 
Published: March 2005

Summary: Purpose:The detrimental effect of frequent early seizures on the cognitive potential of children is a significant clinical issue. Epilepsy surgery in childhood offers a good prognosis for seizure control and improved developmental outcome. We studied the postoperative outcome and the developmental velocity after surgery and analyzed risk factors for developmental delay in 50 consecutive preschool children treated surgically for severe epilepsy at ages 3 to 7 years.Methods:Pre‐ and postoperative developmental quotients (DQs) were analyzed with analysis of variance; stepwise linear regressions were performed on preoperative DQs and on a difference score between post‐ and preoperative DQs to determine risk factors for preoperative development and factors influencing postoperative development.Results:Of the 50 patients, 70% were retarded, with IQ < 70; 16% were of average intelligence, with IQ ranging from 85 to 115. Age at seizure onset and extent of lesion were predictive variables for preoperative cognitive development. Six to 12 months after surgery (early postoperative phase), 66% were seizure free (Engel outcome class I), 26% had substantial to worthwhile seizure reduction (classes II and III), and 8% were unchanged (class IV). Forty‐one (82%) children showed stable velocity of development; three children showed gains of ≥15 IQ points; three had developmental decline (loss of ≥10 IQ points), which was transient in two children; and three children moved from not assessable to assessable. At last follow‐up (6 months to 10 years after surgery), 11 children showed IQ/DQ gains of ≥15 IQ points. Gains in IQ were observed only in seizure‐free children and were stable over time. Shorter duration of epilepsy was significantly associated with a postoperative increase in DQ.Conclusions:(a) Substantial global mental delay is common in young children treated for epilepsy with surgery; (b) In most patients, postoperative development proceeded at a stable velocity; (c) Catch‐up development may occur but only in seizure‐free patients; (d) Substantial cognitive losses were noted in only one child. and (e) Early seizure control stabilized developmental velocity in this patient cohort.
Correlation of Severity of FDG‐PET Hypometabolism and Interictal Regional Delta Slowing in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Altay Ebru Erbayat , Fessler A. James , Gallagher Martin , Attarian Hrayr P. , Dehdashti Farrokh , Vahle Victoria J. , Ojemann Jeffrey , Dowling Joshua L. , Gilliam Frank G. 
Published: March 2005

Summary:  Purpose: We investigated the association of severity of hypometabolism detected by positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and persistence of interictal EEG focal slowing in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods: Eighty temporal lobes of 40 consecutive patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (mean age, 43.5 years) were studied. All patients underwent video‐EEG monitoring, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and FDG‐PET. Patients with either normal MRI or with unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis, but no other structural abnormality, were included. Interictal EEG delta slowing was graded as none, infrequent (one episode or less/hour), intermediate (more than one episode/hour), or continuous. PET hypometabolism was graded as none, mild, moderate, or severe. Results: The severity of temporal lobe hypometabolism with PET was significantly correlated with the amount of delta activity in the interictal EEG, independent of MRI findings (Spearman r = 0.46; p < 0.0005). Conclusions: This observation suggests related underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms for metabolic and electrical dysfunction in temporal lobe epilepsy.
Limbic System Abnormalities Associated with Ammon's Horn Sclerosis Do Not Alter Seizure Outcome after Amygdalohippocampectomy
Authors: Urbach Horst , Siebenhaar Guido , Koenig Roy , Von Oertzen Joachim , Scorzin Jasmin , Kurthen Martin , Schild Hans H. 
Published: March 2005

Summary: Purpose:To evaluate whether limbic system abnormalities associated with Ammon's horn sclerosis alter seizure outcome after selective amgydalohippocampectomy.Methods:In 45 patients with unilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, histologically proven Ammon's horn sclerosis, and uneventful postoperative course, volumes of the hippocampus, hemisphere, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, mamillary body, and fornix were measured by using a T1‐weighted 3‐D gradient‐echo sequence with roughly isotropic (1.17 × 1.17 × 1‐mm) voxels. In addition, signal intensity of the hippocampus and of the temporal lobe white matter was visually assessed and graded on a coronal T2‐weighted fast‐spin‐echo sequence with 2‐mm‐thick slices. Volumetric measurements and visual analysis were compared between seizure‐free and non–seizure‐free patients examined 12 months after surgery.Results:Hippocampal, hemispheric, entorhinal cortex, mamillary body, and fornix volumes, but not amygdalar volumes, were significantly smaller on the operated‐on than on the non–operated‐on side and significantly smaller in patients compared with controls. No volume differences of the hippocampus, hemisphere, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, mamillary body, and fornix existed between seizure‐free (Engel class IA) and non–seizure‐free patients (Engel class IB‐IV). Increased temporal lobe white matter signal was observed in 15 patients but did not alter seizure outcome.Conclusions:Limbic system abnormalities are not a surrogate marker to predict postsurgical seizure outcome in patients with unilateral Ammon's horn sclerosis.
Hippocampal Melatonin Receptors Modulate Seizure Threshold
Authors: Stewart Lee S. , Leung L. Stan 
Published: March 2005

Summary:  Purpose: The pineal hormone melatonin has been shown to enhance hippocampal excitability. We therefore investigated whether inactivation of hippocampal melatonin receptors affects behavioral seizures. Methods: Intrahippocampal infusions were performed in rats to study the effect of different melatonin receptor antagonists on behavioral activity, EEG, and seizure susceptibility. Experiments were conducted at 2 times of the day that coincided with the peak and trough of the daily melatonin rhythm. Results: Local infusion of the Mel1b receptor antagonist 4‐phenyl‐2‐propionamidotetralin (4‐P‐PDOT) into the hippocampus, but not the overlying neocortex, significantly increased seizure latency and in some cases provided complete protection against seizure development. In addition, 4‐P‐PDOT suppressed open field activity and hippocampal EEG amplitude. The mixed Mel1a/Mel1b receptor antagonist luzindole also increased seizure latency but to a lesser degree than 4‐P‐PDOT. The behavioral effects of Mel1b receptor inhibition were comparable to those of the γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor agonist muscimol and were observed during the dark phase (2400–0200 h) but not the light phase (1200–1400 h) of the daily photocycle. The anticonvulsant effect of intrahippocampal infusion of 4P‐P‐DOT was blocked by coadministration of the GABAA antagonist bicuculline. Conclusions: Our results suggest that nocturnal activation of hippocampal Mel1b receptors depresses GABAA receptor function in the hippocampus and enhances seizure susceptibility.