bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
American Madonna
Authors: Gatta John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book explores a notable if unlikely undercurrent of interest in Mary as mythical Madonna that has persisted in American life and letters from fairly early in the nineteenth century into the later twentieth. This imaginative involvement with the Divine Woman - verging at times on devotional homage - is especially intriguing as manifested in the Protestant writers who are the focus of this study: Nathaniel Hawthorne, Margaret Fuller, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Harold Federic, Henry Adams, and T.S. Eliot.
Henry Adams
Authors: Gatta John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Of the six authors who occupy chapters in this book, only Henry Adams is well known for having sustained an interest in the cultus of Mary. A pivotal chapter in The Education of Henry Adams, the autobiographical work that supports his current literary reputation, juxtaposes medieval Mariology with the new technology of the dynamo. The Virgin of Chartres had likewise occupied center stage in his earlier Mont Saint Michel and Chartres and in the highly personal verses he called his “Prayer to the Virgin of Chartres.”
The Innovation of Cullie Centralization in Deuteronomy 12
Authors: Levinson Bernard M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If modem biblical studies is a discipline concerned with the reconstruction of literary history, then few texts have more loudly called for such analysis, yet more successfully resisted it, than Deuteronomy 12. This introductory chapter of the legal corpus of Deuteronomy (chapters 12-26) mandates two radical trans formations of Israelite religion. First, it prohibits all sacrifice at the local altars prevalent throughout the countryside. It requires the complete destruction of all such altars together with their cultic apparatus, even as it concedes the prevalence of such worship in the present (Deut 12:5).
Introduction
Authors: Porterfield Amanda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As a student at Mount Holyoke in the late 1960s, I was aware that the college was America’s first publicly endowed institution for women’s advanced education, and also that it was founded as a religious institution. The exact nature of the original religious vision was vague, but I knew there had been such a vision and that it persisted, somehow, in the communal character of campus life and in the expectations of personal achievement my teachers transmitted. On my first day as a student at Mount Holyoke, President Richard G. Getell made an oblique reference to this original religious vision in a speech he delivered to new students that proclaimed us the new generation in a long line of “uncommon women.” The exact meaning of the epithet uncommon was unclear to me, and I recall some jokes about it after the speech. The president had referred to our SAT scores, which he expected us to live up to, and to our virginity, which he expected us to keep, but he also meant something else by “uncommon,” something spiritual and historic, although he was not very explicit. I had the sense of just having acquired a pressing but obscure responsibility, along with a peculiar female ancestry, whose spirits I imagined lurking in the rafters of the auditorium. The feeling of belonging to something I did not well understand sometimes recurred when I passed the grave of Mary Lyon, the founder of Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in 1837, on my way to classes or the library.
The Conversion Process and the Self-Referential Character of Missionary Zeal
Authors: Porterfield Amanda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While antebellum missionary women contributed to women’s negotiation of social change in other parts of the world, the self-referential character of their own religious experience worked against their ability to pursue sustained reflection about the similarities between their own social role and that of other women. Missionary women directed tremendous energy to improving the welfare of other women, but this outward extension of themselves functioned so importantly as means of testing their own state of grace that objective analysis of the effects of this extension was less developed than it otherwise might have been. Even though missionary women believed that benevolence toward others was a product of grace and not a means of building their own salvation, constant attention to their own motivations bound missionary self criticism within a self-referential frame.
Islam, Social Change, and the Reality of Arab Women ‘s Lives
Authors: Hijab Nadia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For more than a hundred years, Arab women have been engaged in the public debate on their role in a rapidly changing society. Both women and men have conducted the debate within an Islamic framework; they have turned to the Quran, the sharia (Islamic law), the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad, and the lives of his companions to define women ‘s rights in the modern age. While modernists have argued for the most liberal interpretation of Islam possible, the conservatives have used the same sources to argue for restrictions on women ‘s roles.
Feminism in an Islamic Republic “Years of Hardship, Years of Growth”
Authors: Najmabadi Afsaneh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Negative news about women ‘s daily lives in Iran continues unabated. Seemingly trivial matters, such as the shape and color of a woman ‘s scarf or the thickness of her stockings, continue to be contested daily, largely among men. Women are far from legal equals of men. Despite many years of hard work by a remarkably active group of women, inside and outside the Majlis (the Iranian parliament), many discriminatory laws passed within the first few months and years of the new regime remain on the books and in full force. Secular feminists, if not repressed or exiled by the government, often feel silenced by the dominant cultural climate.
Women and the State in Jordan Inclusion or Exclusion?
Authors: Brand Laurie A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The modern state of Jordan has made great development strides since the days of the Amirate (1921-1950), the second Palestinian influx (1967), and the oil boom (1973). When placed in regional context, and when viewed against the background of the resources with which Jordan is endowed, the development is all the more impressive. Nonetheless, the country still faces severe poverty and unemployment-increasingly so since the economic crisis of 1988-1989. One set of problems concerns the status and development achievements of Jordanian women.
Introduction: When Worlds Collide
Authors: Lyerly Cynthia Lynn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THOMAS HINDE FAILED TO make good on his threat to keep his wife from Methodism, and later this same year, his world was indeed turned upside down by the church. Before his conversion, Hinde was a quintessential Virginia gentleman. Born into privilege in England in 1 7 37, Hinde received training in surgery and medicine in London. Ambitious and proud, he emigrated to Hanover County, Virginia, at the age of thirty, where he married Mary Hubbard and became the commanding patriarch of a wealthy family. In Virginia Hinde moved in the “gayest circle of society” and lived ostentatiously, extravagantly, and immersed in the culture of honor. Like many well-educated Virginia men, Hinde imbibed the secular spirit of the enlightenment, prided himself on his rationality, and became a “confirmed deist.” But in the late 1780s, the Methodists converted first his daughter Susanna and then his wife, and after his numerous desperate attempts to reassert patriarchal control had miserably failed, finally the doctor himself. Methodism disrupted Thomas Hinde’s worldview and his predominance within his home. Thomas came to have three strong-willed, assertive, and zealous Methodist women in his family. His daughter Susanna was “fearless and undaunted on all occasions,” and “possessing naturally a strong mind and great energy,” she “became a bold, intrepid, and courageous soldier of the cross.” His precocious younger daughter Hannah converted at age eleven and “was so gifted in prayer at that early period of life, as to excite the attention of her friends and strangers.” Thomas’s wife, Mary Hinde, all of the biographers agree, was the family’s spiritual head. When the Hindes moved to Kentucky in 1797 and found Methodists there backsliding, “the old lady, al ways the more indefatigable and persevering of the two, now led the way,” organizing a local society and arranging for an itinerant to serve them.
The Poverty of Riches: Methodists and Class
Authors: Lyerly Cynthia Lynn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Southern Methodists privately and publicly made numerous comments about the sinfulness of riches and the riches of grace. In these two terse entries of Richard Whatcoat’s journal, we see laid bare one of the Methodists’ inversions of values. In the stately mansion of Nomini Hall, perhaps provoked by the grandeur and display around him, Brother Whatcoat warned one of the oldest wealthy southern families that their salvation would be well nigh impossible. Far less is known about Mary Davis, who might never have entered the historical record had it not been for her piety. By gender and class a more typical early Methodist, Davis represents the many plain folk converts who found meaning and worth in the church.
Social Issues
Authors: Winfrey John C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We start by retreating to utopia. The laissez-faire1 model makes an excellent starting point for presenting several concepts that will be useful as we analyze social issues. This model of a free market economy features perfect competition in every market and a minimal role for government. Within this utopia there are few social issues. This starting point permits us to introduce the imperfections of the real world one at a time, affording us a better understanding of the nature of the market failure and any attendant social issue. There are also norms and values inherent in the model as a utopian ideal, and these in turn can be evaluated in the larger context of social ethics.
Moral Choices and Health Care Policies
Authors: Winfrey John C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent health care debates feature two broad issues: Should health care be available to all? and How can health care costs be contained? If society has a moral obligation to insure health care for all, what are the difficulties in achieving this goaH How can it best be achieved? Given that increases in health care costs must be curtailed, how are resources to be rationed? What sorts of rationing decisions must be made and who should make them? Within these two broad issues, coverage and costs, there are many facets. Before focusing on each part let us consider how they fit into the larger picture.
Ratio seu Methodus Melanchthonis
Authors: Wengert Timothy J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this context Melanchthon carried out the attack on Thomas, Hugh of St. Cher, and Nicholas of Lyra referred to in the last chapter.3 Their grammatical errors could perhaps have been excused “if in a detailed exposition they had still retained the sum of the meaning of the Scriptures they were interpreting.”4 Instead, they deviated from the author’s intent and taught things foreign to true piety, in large part “on account of ignorance of these arts.” How infelicitously they interpreted Paul’s letter to the Romans, “because they did not pay attention to the proper division [oeconomia] of the speech.” True, the Holy Spirit alone explained the Scriptures, but since the Spirit taught “through the Word, the nature of speech must be known.
When the Street Entered the University The Revolution of 1905–1907
Authors: Morrissey Susank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War in January 1904 proved a catalyst to social revolution. Following scattered protests that spring, broad segments of Russian society united in the summer and fall into an organized opposition to the monarchy and its disastrous conduct of the war. Just as the assassination of the reactionary Minister of Interior V. K. Plehve and his replacement in August with Prince P. D. Sviatopolk-Mirskii heralded a moderate “New Course” in government policy, the opposition realized the inadequacy of piecemeal reform and its own potential strength. The progressive leader Petr Struve proclaimed “no enemies to the left,” the Paris Conference marked the collaboration of his Union of Liberation with the SR party, and the Union of Liberation demanded the convocation of a constituent assembly and a program of universal and equal suffrage. In November, the more conservative Zemstvo Congress also called for constitutional reform.
Radicalism Reborn? Students in Protest, War, and Revolution
Authors: Morrissey Susank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two years after the humiliating collapse of the 1908 strike, amid the surge of youth suicide, student protest again swept through Russia, only this time it led to the devastation of the universities and thousands of arrests. Beginning with a series of street demonstrations following the death of Lev Tolstoi in November 1910 and culminating in the mass resignation of Moscow professors in February 1911, these protests had far-reaching political consequences. The specter of renewed disorder in the universities contributed to a broad political crisis in the Duma, including the splintering of the Octobrist party and the growing political hegemony of the extreme right.
Memoirs Of A Militia Sergeant
Authors: Almeida Manuel Antonio De 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recognized as a turning point in Brazilian literature, this entertaining novel of urban manners follows the ne'er-do-well Leonardo through his various romantic liaisons and frequent scrapes with the law. First printed in weekly installments in 1852, and later published in two volumes in 1854-55, Memoirs of a Militia Sergeant comprises a series of humorous vignettes held together by the adventures and misfortunes of this young rogue--who matures from a handful of a toddler into a ruffian of a boy and an idler of a young man--and his father, also named Leonardo. Manuel Antônio De Almeida tells a story in everyday language that is rich in detail of life on the streets and the modest circumstances of the free poor of Rio de Janeiro. Through satirical accounts of the escapades of characters who always seem close to the brink of some personal crisis or social misstep, yet who manage to pull through by hook or by crook, Almeida makes a subtle and incisive comment on Brazilian urban society and culture of the nineteenth century. Now available in a new and lively translation, Memoirs of a Military Sergeant occupies an important position in the satirical literature of Brazil and the world.
Science, Theology, and Society
Authors: Noll Mark A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The evangelical engagement with science in America during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was a complicated matter. Complications arose from the fact that “science,” variously conceived, played a major role in many evangelical enterprises-promotion of natural theology and moral philosophy; appropriations of democratic ideology, republican political theory, and economic liberalism; and practices of biblical interpretation and theological construction. In addition, one form or another of science regularly featured large in evangelical struggles for the control of public discourse. The subject is also complicated because “science” and “evangelical” have both softer and harder meanings. On the one hand, the meanings of “science” become ever fuzzier the further one moves away from the empirical toward the cosmological.
Scriptural Geology in America
Authors: Stiling Rodney L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
According to historian Milton Millhauser, the nineteenth-century line of thinking known as Scriptural Geology probably takes its name from a two-volume work by that name published in 1826 and 1827 by English clergyman George Bugg (1769-1851). More a school of thought than an organized movement, Scriptural Geologists sought to protect and preserve the Bible from the perceived encroachments of a threatening science, but more to the point, to throw back any hermeneutical compromises that ill-advised interpreters of Genesis might inappropriately grant to promoters of geology. Never dominant, Scriptural Geology nonetheless became quite visible for a time in Great Britain, and to a somewhat lesser extent in the United States, where, in the middle of the century, America produced a handful of intriguing authors of this school.
Creating Creationism
Authors: Numbers Ronald L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In an elegant essay titled “Deconstructing Darwinism” James R. Moore several years ago noted how strikingly “little effort had been expended by historians of science in tracing the proliferation of Darwin-related vocabulary and interpreting its function in public discourse.” To help remedy this deficiency, he carefully examined the metamorphosis of the term “Darwinism” from a synonym for naturalistic evolution generally to a label for evolution by natural selection specifically, illustrating in the process how malleable and politically serviceable such labels can be. Recently Mark A. Noll and David N. Livingstone drew attention to the historical significance of efforts to define terms in the Darwinian debates. Definitions “are designed to demarcate the true from the false, the legitimate from the illegitimate, the relevant from the irrelevant,” they wrote. “Accordingly, the control of definitions is of enormous consequence for intellectual debate, since definitions position both ideas and people on particular sides of debates.” Like Moore, they, too, focused on Darwinism.
“The Science of Duty “
Authors: Guelzo Allen C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There once lived, in the American nineteenth century, an intellectual child called “moral philosophy. “ Knowing what we know today about morality and philosophy in academe and how unlikely the two are to be seen together in public, the suspicion is apt to arise that the parents of this child had been joined together in something other than holy wedlock. And like the foundlings who populate Dickens ‘s novels, “moral philosophy “ comes to us through the words of historians dressed in all the tattered garments of intellectual poverty: anemic, wormy, naive are only a few of the kinder cuts taken at it by Morton White, Merle Curti, and Herbert Schneider.
Introduction
Authors: Sandler Martin W , Hudson Deborah A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book looks beyond the realm of business for lessons in the art and science of management. In the last five years, we have developed some two dozen detailed case studies of top-performing public and nonprofit organizations, from high-profile giants like the Girl Scouts of the USA to little-known pioneers like the Children’s Clinic of Northumberland County, Pennsylvania. We’ve put these organizations under the microscope, studying them to understand the specific techniques and strategies and approaches that put these organizations ahead of the pack. At every turn, our primary interest was to distill practical lessons that could be taken from one context and used in other organizational settings by other managers.
Sharing The Power
Authors: Sandler Martin W , Hudson Deborah A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Empowerment” is a word we hear a great deal these days. Organizations talk about the concept, but few actually put it into general practice. The organizations in this book, however, refuse to hoard power at the top or at the center but share power down to the front line and out from headquarters. What we’ve learned from these organizations is that where power sharing is most complete, over all performance is most astounding.
Conclusion
Authors: Dobrov Gregory W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study has explored how, in different ways, the composition and production of Greek drama were fundamentally metafictional, and therefore reflexive, processes: one fiction into another, yesterday’s narrative absorbed and metabolized into something new today. The invention of tragedy and its prominence at the dramatic festivals reflect an impulse to transform traditional material into a “live” performance with immediate relevance to the evolving polis. Comedy’s approach was more complex, involving a secondary transformation in which the comic performance “processed” a contemporary narrative or script.
Literary memoirs
Authors: Lastarria José Victorino 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Novelist, scholar, journalist, statesman, and leading member of Chile's "Generation of 1842"--an intellectual movement so named for the founding of the National University--José Victorino Lastarria (1811-1888) lived his life at the forefront of nineteenth-century Chilean and Spanish American culture, literature, and politics. Recuerdos Literarios (or Literary Memoirs) is his masterpiece, encompassing the candid memories of a tireless activist, both the creative and critical sensibilities of an influential Latin American early modernist, and an eyewitness account of the development of Chilean literature and historiography. An ardent, eloquent participant in every defining artistic and ideological debate in Chile during the formative mid-1800s, Lastarria recorded his epoch as closely as he did his own origins, education, ambitions, and career. Sometimes reminiscent of Montaigne's essays, Eça de Quieroz's journalism, or Barbusse's didactic convictions, Literary Memoirs is an engrossing account of Chile's newly ordained nationhood. This addition to Oxford's prestigious Library of Latin America series is more than a retelling of things past; it is an informed yet informal testament to the idea of chilenidad (or "Chileanness") and a detailed portrait of one of Chile's cultural architects. For this new edition of Literary Memoirs, Frederick M. Nunn's introduction presents an informative historical background and R. Kelly Washbourne's translation carefully preserves Lastarria's form and content.
Cittadelle Sacre And The Politics Of Conventual Urbanism
Authors: Hills Helen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What has happened is that the religious houses, even when their origins were quite modest, may then come to occupy an entire district from one end to the other, until it reaches the edge of the built-up area; and as it is difficult to find in Naples a street without a monastery in it, if nothing is done about such a grave and ruinous abuse, in this way the regulars will in the long run be able to buy up the entire city.” This is the cry of alarm of Neapolitan lawyer and reformist historian Pietro Giannone, in his Istoria Civile del Regno di Napoli of 1723, at the creep of religious houses, male and female, over the urban fabric of Naples. Although Giannone’s claims were hotly disputed at the time, the situation was striking enough to provoke comment from non-anticlericals, and from foreign visitors, too. In his 1692 guide to Naples, Celano’s remarks on the preponderance of religious houses, especially female convents, reveal his regret and disapproval. After describing the Dominican church of Gesù e Maria, he writes, “From this church, going down, the street known as the graveled street of Gesù e Maria: in this street, on both sides, there used to be beautiful and grand palaces; today they have almost all been converted into conservatories for nuns.” Significantly, Celano reserves his criticism for the less distinguished female religious institutions; when commenting on the old aristocratic convents, his tone is full of pride. Francesco Peccerillo felt so strongly about the superabundance of religious buildings that he wrote a whole book on the subject in 1719.