bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using cryogenic electron microscopy methods to gain insight into structure and initial host attachment of the flagellotropic bacteriophage 7-7-1
Authors: Noteborn W.E.M. , Ouyang R. , Hoeksma T. , Sidi Mabrouk A. , Esteves N.C. , Pelt D.M. , Scharf B.E. , Briegel A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUnderstanding the structural and functional mechanisms of bacteriophage 7-7-1, the flagellotropic phage infectingAgrobacteriumsp. H13-3, offers promising insights into phage-host interactions. Using single particle analysis (SPA) cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we determined the capsid and tail structure, and built atomic models of capsid hexamers, pentamers and tail. Combined with cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) and machine learning methodologies, our findings indicate that phage 7-7-1 uses capsid fibers to establish initial contact with the host flagellum, followed by subsequent attachment to cell surface receptors. Proteinase K treatment confirmed the time-dependent degradation of capsid fibers. The study also demonstrated that capsid fibers are flexible and can interact with other phages and host flagella, suggesting a cooperative infection strategy. These results provide crucial structural insights and may open avenues for developing phage-based therapeutics against resistant bacterial pathogens.
Deep-learning based Embedding of Functional Connectivity Profiles for Precision Functional Mapping
Authors: Tu Jiaxin Cindy , Kim Jung-Hoon , Luckett Patrick , Adeyemo Babatunde , Shimony Joshua S. , Elison Jed T. , Eggebrecht Adam T. , Wheelock Muriah D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSpatial correlation of functional connectivity profiles across matching anatomical locations in individuals is often calculated to delineate individual differences in functional networks. Likewise, spatial correlation is assessed across average functional connectivity profiles of groups to evaluate the maturity of functional networks during development. Despite its widespread use, spatial correlation is limited to comparing two samples at a time. In this study, we employed a variational autoencoder to embed functional connectivity profiles from various anatomical locations, individuals, and group averages for simultaneous comparison. We demonstrate that our variational autoencoder, with pre-trained weights, can project new functional connectivity profiles from the vertex space to a latent space with as few as two dimensions, yet still retain meaningful global and local structures in the data. Functional connectivity profiles from various functional networks occupy distinct compartments of the latent space. Moreover, the variability of functional connectivity profiles from the same anatomical location is readily captured in the latent space. We believe that this approach could be useful for visualization and exploratory analyses in precision functional mapping.
Formation of singly ionized oxygen atoms from
O2
driven by XUV pulses: A toolkit for the breakup of free-electron-laser-driven diatomics
Authors: Mountney M. , Wang Z. , Meister S. , Trost F. , Lindenblatt H. , Magunia A. , Moshammer R. , Pfeifer T. , Emmanouilidou A. 
Published: January 2025

We formulate a general hybrid quantum-classical technique to describe the interaction of diatomic molecules with XUV pulses. We demonstrate the accuracy of our model in the context of the interaction of the O2 molecule with an XUV pulse with photon energy ranging from 20–42 eV. We account for the electronic structure and electron ionization quantum mechanically employing accurate molecular continuum wave functions. We account for the motion of the nuclei using classical equations of motion. However, the force of the nuclei is computed by obtaining accurate potential-energy curves of O2 up to O22+, relevant to the 20–42 eV photon-energy range, using advanced quantum-chemistry techniques. We find the dissociation limits of these states and the resulting atomic fragments and employ the velocity-Verlet algorithm to compute the velocities of these fragments. We incorporate both electron ionization and nuclear motion in a stochastic Monte Carlo simulation and identify the ionization and dissociation pathways when O2 interacts with an XUV pulse. Focusing on the O++O+ dissociation pathway, we obtain the kinetic-energy release (KER) distributions of the atomic fragments and find very good agreement with experimental results. Also, we explain the main features of the KER in terms of ionization sequences consisting of two sequential single-photon absorptions resulting in different O+ and O2+ electronic state configurations involved in the two transitions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
School leadership dimensions that foster the development of learning ecosystems. The cases of the “Scuola Diffusa” (Reggio Emilia, Italy) and “interseccions” (Catalonia, Spain)
Authors: Iglesias Vidal Edgar , Landi Laura , Jornet Alfredo , Damiani Paola , Esteban-Guitart Moises 
Published: January 2025

PurposeThis article is based on the hypothesis that distributed and ecological leadership by the school institution and agents involved contributes to the creation, further development and sustainability of learning ecosystems. With this premise in mind, the main research question was: What are the main dimensions for developing learning ecosystems from an ecological perspective focused on school leadership? Thus, the purpose of this article is to identify and analyze school leadership dimensions from an ecological perspective within the context of flourishing learning ecosystems. The specific aims are to test the significance of and empirically illustrate those dimensions and/or conditions considered to nurture learning ecosystems.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on notions of system, distributed and ecological leadership, the article presents a theoretical approach for examining ecological leadership. The framework is tested and illustrated in two case studies developed in Reggio Emilia (Italy) and El Prat de Llobregat, Catalonia (Spain), respectively. The data consist of semi-structured interviews and focus group interviews involving school principals, educators and program coordinators from the two municipalities.FindingsBased on the literature review and empirical work carried out, three conditions are suggested and illustrated for creating, developing and sustaining learning ecosystems: (1) cultural conditions (shared purpose and view, ecosystem engagement, shared knowledge and organizational changes); (2) social conditions (social capital, trust and interdependence-collaborative culture) and (3) material conditions (time, infrastructure and sustainability).Practical implicationsThe findings have practical implications for understanding the conditions needed for an ecological leadership that nurtures thriving learning ecosystems throughout the school and local communities.Originality/valueThis article adopts an ecological perspective on school leadership that challenges more traditional perspectives emphasizing individual leadership (school leaders) and identifies three core dimensions that characterize school leadership in the context of socio-educational ecosystems connecting school and local community. This approach is illustrated through two cases carried out in Reggio Emilia, Italy, and Catalonia, Spain, respectively.
Functional intraspecific variation in the base water potential for seed germination along soil microclimatic gradients
Authors: Espinosa del Alba Clara , Cruz‐Tejada Diana , Jiménez‐Alfaro Borja , Fernández‐Pascual Eduardo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The ability of plants to successfully regenerate depends on complex physiological and ecological processes, and one of the first vital stages is seed germination, which depends on temperature, light and water availability. Within species variation in seed germination allows differential responses when facing stimuli and is key for adaptation in the natural world. There has been abundant research about variation in germination responses to temperature changes, but much less is known about responses to water availability, specifically the limits and the potential variation within a single wild species. Under ongoing climate change with increasing drought episodes it is vital to know the minimum amount of water required for germination, as well as if variation and therefore the potential to adapt exists within a species.

We focused on a wild carnation (Dianthus langeanus) endemic to the northwestern Iberian Peninsula. We collected seeds from 18 different subpopulations, some only 10 m apart, and with contrasting microclimatic conditions due to topography, slope and orientation. We measured germination responses to water stress using polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions, a polymer that increases water density and allows to mimic different drought intensities. We found considerable differences in germination under water stress between each subpopulation. Seeds from warmer and drier subpopulations were able to germinate under higher water stress, meaning their germination was more drought tolerant.

Our results highlight the importance of germination responses to water availability. Variation within species appears to be important even at small scales, suggesting an important previously unknown potential for seed germination adaptation to future drier conditions.

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A novel framework to build saliva‐based DNA methylation biomarkers: Quantifying systemic chronic inflammation as a case study
Authors: Schmunk Lisa J. , Call Toby P. , McCartney Daniel L. , Javaid Hira , Hastings Waylon J. , Jovicevic Vanja , Kojadinović Dragoljub , Tomkinson Natacha , Zlamalova Eliska , McGee Kirsty C. , Sullivan Jack , Campbell Archie , McIntosh Andrew M. , Óvári Veronika , Wishart Karl , Behrens Christian E. , Stone Emma , Gavrilov Miloš , Thompson Rob ,   Hurdle bio‐infrastructure team, Jackson Thomas , Lord Janet M. , Stubbs Thomas M. , Marioni Riccardo E. , Martin‐Herranz Daniel E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAccessible and non‐invasive biomarkers that measure human ageing processes and the risk of developing age‐related disease are paramount in preventative healthcare. Here, we describe a novel framework to train saliva‐based DNA methylation (DNAm) biomarkers that are reproducible and biologically interpretable. By leveraging a reliability dataset with replicates across tissues, we demonstrate that it is possible to transfer knowledge from blood DNAm to saliva DNAm data using DNAm proxies of blood proteins (EpiScores). We apply these methods to create a new saliva‐based epigenetic clock (InflammAge) that quantifies systemic chronic inflammation (SCI) in humans. Using a large blood DNAm human cohort with linked electronic health records and over 18,000 individuals (Generation Scotland), we demonstrate that InflammAge significantly associates with all‐cause mortality, disease outcomes, lifestyle factors, and immunosenescence; in many cases outperforming the widely used SCI biomarker C‐reactive protein (CRP). We propose that our biomarker discovery framework and InflammAge will be useful to improve understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning human ageing and to assess the impact of gero‐protective interventions.
Antecedents of university students' self‐leadership: The roles of teacher developmental feedback and student proactive vitality management
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Liu Zongrui , Wang Yun , Zhang Junlin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐leadership is of significant importance to the growth and development of college students. However, few studies have systematically examined how teachers and college students can work together to cultivate the self‐leadership of college students.AimsBased on the social cognitive theory, this paper aims to propose and teste a comprehensive model examining the comprehensive influence effects of teacher developmental feedback, student proactive vitality management, and psychological resilience on student self‐leadership.SampleData from 807 valid respondents were collected via online questionnaire surveys administered at several universities in Southeast China.MethodsThe validation and robustness testing of the variables were conducted using SPSS version 22.0. The discriminant validity of our measures was assessed using AMOS version 24.0. Finally, the proposed model was tested using Hayes' PROCESS macro in SPSS version 22.0.ResultsBoth teacher developmental feedback and student proactive vitality management were positively related to student self‐leadership. Moreover, psychological resilience mediated the relationships between teacher developmental feedback and student self‐leadership, as well as between student proactive vitality management and student self‐leadership. Additionally, teacher developmental feedback was more strongly related to student self‐leadership when student proactive vitality management was higher.ConclusionsOur research demonstrates the potential of using social cognitive theory to understand the multifaceted drivers of students’ self‐leadership. Specifically, both teacher developmental feedback and student proactive vitality management contribute to enhancing student self‐leadership through psychological resilience.
The alcohol use disorder treatment gap and its correlates among middle‐aged and older adults
Authors: Behrendt Silke , Kuerbis Alexis , Mejldal Anna , Søndergaard Jens , Andersen Kjeld , Becker Ulrik , Eliasen Marie Holm , Nielsen Anette Søgaard 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionAlcohol use disorders (AUD) are under‐treated, particularly among older adults. Using data from national treatment registers can expand knowledge on the AUD treatment rate among older adults and on potential biases in treatment receipt. The aim of this paper was to determine the AUD treatment prevalence rate and to investigate sociodemographic, health‐related and substance use‐related correlates of AUD treatment receipt among older adults with different degrees of problematic alcohol use.MethodsThe study sample (n = 13,403; inclusion criteria: age 55–80 years, positive CAGE‐C) is a subsample from the representative cross‐sectional 2017 Danish National Health Survey. It was enriched with data from Danish National Registers, including the National Alcohol Treatment Database. Weighted 12‐month AUD treatment prevalence rates were determined. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify correlates of treatment receipt. All analyses were conducted among: (i) the study sample; (ii) the 28.9% with a positive original CAGE (n = 3725); and (iii) the 6.1% endorsing the CAGE's E‐criterion (n = 692).ResultsThe 12‐month AUD treatment prevalence was 0.5% in the study sample, 1.6% in the CAGE‐, and 3.8% in the E‐criterion subsample. Not being married or partnered, loneliness and contacts with health care providers were positively associated with AUD treatment receipt in all three samples.Discussion and ConclusionsEven in the subsample with putative alcohol withdrawal, the AUD treatment rate did not reach 5%. This finding suggests that putative AUD is significantly undertreated in older adults. Contacts with other health care providers may facilitate AUD treatment entry in this age group.
Comparison of efficacy of low glycemic index treatment and modified Atkins diet among children with drug‐resistant epilepsy: A randomized non‐inferiority trial
Authors: Anand Vaishakh , Gulati Sheffali , Agarwala Anuja , Kamila Gautam , Mahesan Aakash , Sondhi Vishal , Gupta Kanak L. , Chakrabarty Biswaroop , Jauhari Prashant , Panda Prateek Kumar , Pandey Ravindra Mohan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveThe ketogenic diet has been the mainstay of treatment of drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE). No comparative trials have been conducted to assess the efficacy of the two less strict ketogenic diets: modified Atkins diet (MAD) and low glycemic index treatment (LGIT). This study assesses the non‐inferiority of LGIT compared with MAD.MethodsThis was an open‐label randomized non‐inferiority trial. Children with DRE were randomized to receive either MAD or LGIT as an add‐on to anti‐seizure medications. The primary endpoint was percentage seizure reduction at the end of 24 weeks of therapy compared to the baseline. The non‐inferiority margin of −15% was predefined to calculate the sample size.ResultsNinety‐one children were enrolled and randomized to receive either MAD (n = 45) or LGIT (n = 46). Intention‐to‐treat analysis done at the end of 24 weeks of therapy showed a mean (±standard deviation [SD]) percentage seizure reduction of 60.7% (±41.3) in the MAD sub‐group and 57% (±39.4) in the LGIT sub‐group (p = 0.664). The absolute difference between the means of percentage seizure reduction was −3.7 (−20.5 to 13.2) and crossed the non‐inferiority margin. Ten children in the MAD group and nine children in the LGIT group did not complete 24 weeks of therapy. Adverse effects were comparable between the arms (MAD, 66.6%; LGIT, 50%), although serious adverse effects were higher in the MAD arm. The most common adverse effect was decreased acceptance (24.2%) followed by decreased satiety (9.9%), vomiting (9.9%), weight loss (5.5%), constipation (5.5%), and diarrhea (3.3%). Dyslipidemia was more commonly seen in the MAD group (MAD, six; LGIT, one). One death in the LGIT arm was unrelated to therapy. Although there was no statistically significant difference in improvement in cognition, behavior, and quality of life scales, improvement was noted from baseline scores.SignificanceLGIT may be non‐inferior to MAD in the treatment of children with DRE with the advantage of increased acceptance and fewer adverse effects.
Objective assessment of acute pain in foals using a facial expression‐based pain scale
Authors: van Loon Johannes P. A. M. , Trindade Pedro Henrique Esteves , da Silva Gustavo Venâncio , Keus Jiska , Huberts Carlijn , de Grauw Janny C. , Lanci Aliai 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundPain assessment based on facial expressions has been described in foals.ObjectivesTo extend previous pilot findings of the Equine Utrecht University Scale for Facial Assessment of Pain in Foals (EQUUS‐FAP FOAL).Study designProspective blinded case–control study (known groups analysis).MethodsVideo recordings (30–60 s) of n = 100 foals (38 patients and 62 controls) were collected. Videos were randomised and scored by two observers, blinded for the condition of the animals. Inter‐ and intra‐observer agreement was tested by Intra Class Correlation (ICC) analysis. Differences between patients and controls were tested using Mann–Whitney U test, differences before and after analgesic treatment were tested with Wilcoxon signed rank test. Multilevel binomial logistic regression was performed for statistical weighting of each pain scale item. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine sensitivity, specificity and cut‐off values.ResultsEQUUS‐FAP FOAL showed good inter‐ and intra‐observer reliability (ICC coefficient of 0.85 and 0.90 respectively, p < 0.001). Patients had significantly higher pain scores (median score 7, IQR 5.3–7.5) compared with controls (median score 2.5, IQR 1–3, p < 0.001) and the patient pain scores decreased after analgesic treatment (median score 6.5, IQR 5–8 vs. median score 4.5, IQR 3.5–6.5, p < 0.05). Multilevel binomial logistic regression showed the relative importance of the individual scale items. Using the original scale, sensitivity and specificity were 88.2% (95% CI 76%–96%) and 87.9% (81%–98%) respectively, with an area under the ROC curve of 94.9% (92%–98%), based on a cut‐off value of ≥4. These values remained similar with the weighted scale based on logistic regression output.Main limitationsVideos of included patients were short and acquired by a person in front of the stable.ConclusionsThe current study shows that EQUUS‐FAP FOAL can be effectively used to assess acute pain in young foals.
Fast crack healing in glass‐matrix composites with rigid filler percolation frameworks
Authors: Blaeß Carsten , Müller Ralf 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTo ensure the durability of solid oxide fuel cell sealants, the understanding of the microstructural influence on viscous crack healing is essential. To this end, the effect of microstructure with respect to the spatial distribution of filler particles on viscous crack healing was studied with confocal laser scanning microscopy in glass‐matrix composites (GMCs) made by mix‐milling and sintering of soda‐lime magnesium silicate glass and Φ ≈ 6 vol% ZrO2 chemically inert rigid filler particles. This way, no change in Φ occurred during the crack healing treatments studied on Vickers indentation‐induced radial cracks in polished GMC surfaces. Different microstructures were mimicked using different ZrO2 particle sizes for mix‐milling. Unlike coarse ZrO2 particles, similar in size to the glass particle, fine ZrO2 particles, much smaller than the glass particles, form a rigid percolation framework (RPF) of ZrO2 filler particles around the former glass particles or glass particle agglomerates. For this RPF microstructure, crack healing was observed more readily as crack healing retardation phenomena like large‐scale crack widening and crack tip rounding were strongly reduced, whereas narrow cracks could still heal locally within the glassy regions.
Ablation of Premature Ventricular Contractions With Prepotentials Mapped Inside Coronary Cusps: When to Go Infra‐Valvular?
Authors: Shen Youmei , Wang Lei , Chen Ning , Wang Linlin , Wang Yajun , Pan Qian , Li Lei , Ding Xiangwei , Gu Zhoushan , Li Fei , Ju Weizhu , Li Mingfang , Chen Hongwu , Yang Gang , Gu Kai , Liu Hailei , Chen Minglong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundDiscrete prepotentials (DPPs) mapped inside aortic sinuses of Valsalva (ASVs) are deemed as reliable targets for ablation of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). Nevertheless, ablation may still fail, necessitating further investigation. This study aimed to investigate the electrophysiological features and ablation approaches for PVCs with failed ablation inside ASVs, despite identified DPPs.Methods and ResultsPatients undergoing PVCs ablation requiring left ventricular outflow tract mapping were consecutively enrolled at six centers. Inclusion criteria comprised the presence of reproducible DPPs in ASVs and the earliest activation inside ASVs preceding the left ventricle. Patients were divided into ASV and non‐ASV groups based on ablation outcomes within ASVs. Of 780 assessed patients, 40 (age 47.5 ± 19.4; 17 males) were included in the final analysis, with 10 in the non‐ASV group. The interval from DPPs to QRS onset (DPP‐QRS) in the ASV group significantly exceeded that in the non‐ASV group (44.3 ± 6.7 ms vs. 15.0 ± 5.0 ms, p < 0.001). A DPP‐QRS interval < 25 ms perfectly differentiated non‐ASV from ASV cases. Successful ablation beneath ASVs was achieved in all non‐ASV patients, despite the local potential preceding the QRS onset by only 2.3 ± 8.0 ms. In the non‐ASV group, the distance between locations of targets and DPPs was 13.3 ± 4.2 mm, negatively correlated with the DPP‐QRS interval (R2 = 0.618, p = 0.007). Over a 22‐month follow‐up, one patient in the non‐ASV group had recurrence.ConclusionDPPs mapped inside ASVs, despite being the earliest sites, do not necessarily represent PVCs targets. An infra‐valvular approach is suggested with a DPP‐QRS interval < 25 ms.