bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural Convective Nanofluid Flows Immersed in Oscillating Magnetic Fields Simulated by a Sub-Continuous Lattice Boltzmann Model
Authors: Sui Pengxiang , Su Yan , Sun Liyong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Natural convective nanofluid flows immersed in oscillating magnetic fields are simulated with a sub-continuous nondimensional lattice Boltzmann model. The effective electrical conductivity model is built including coupled effects of nanoparticle concentrations and two Knudsen numbers. Effects of directions, frequencies, and strength amplitudes of the magnetic fields are studied in wide ranges of Hartmann numbers (0.1≤Haf,L≤600) and Rayleigh numbers (103≤Raf,L≤107). To achieve higher values of cycle averaged Nusselt numbers Nu¯̂f,L, optimal magnetic directions are along or opposite from the gravity directions. Effects of the magnetic frequency f˜B are negligible, in the conduction dominating lower Rayleigh number regime of Raf,L&lt;104. In the convection dominating regime, Nu¯̂f,L increase with Raf,L in orders of Raf,L0.48 and Raf,L0.45 for vertical and horizontal magnetic directions, respectively, and maximum values of Nu¯̂f,L appear at the optimal magnetic frequency of f˜B=1/5cs*MaL(L/UL) for all magnetic directions. With Raf,L as high as 106, the oscillating amplitudes of the transient wall mean Nusselt numbers Nu¯f,L increase with increasing Haf,L, but the cycle averaged Nusselt numbers Nu¯̂f,L decrease from 9.35 to 1.42 with increasing Haf,L in the transient regime of 5≤Haf,L≤500. Meanwhile, heat transfer patterns transit back from convection to conduction dominating patterns with increasing Haf,L, as illustrated by transient streamlines and isotherms.
Analysis of Failure Forms of Bevel Gear, Shaft, and Bearing Structure System Considering Multi-Mode Damage Accumulation
Authors: Han Xudong , Hong Jie , Chen Cheng , Chen Xueqi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
During the working process, the structural system, including bevel gear, shaft, and bearing, located in the front journal of the high pressure compressor of the aeroengine rotor is affected by various loads such as assembly load, centrifugal load, temperature load, and meshing excitation, and it leads to different modes of interface damage, for example, wear, slip, and fatigue. With the increase number of working cycles, different interface damage modes affect each other and damage gradually accumulates, which leads to the degradation of the mechanical properties of each component. Finally, the function of the weakest component is lost, resulting in the failure of the structural system. Consequently, the comprehensive influence of multiple failure forms caused by interface damage at different positions results in the failure of the structural system, where the damage position and the failure position are different, and the final failure form is uncertain. In this paper, a damage accumulation mechanical model considering multimode damage interaction is established for bevel gear, shaft and bearing structure system. And the damage-failure mechanical process of the structural system and its key influencing factors under complex environment loads are studied. The results showed that the failure forms of the structural system were closely related to the assembly and load characteristic parameters of the components. Therefore, considering the randomness of the initial assembly state and environment loads, the damage accumulation mechanical process and the final failure forms of the structural system have significant uncertainty.
Rigid Mode Vibration Control for 250 HP Air Compressor System With Integrated Hybrid Air-Foil Magnetic Thrust Bearing (i-HFMTB)
Authors: Ha Yunseok , Kim Jungwan , Jeong Keonwoo , Lee Yongbok 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study aims to verify the effectiveness of the 250 HP class compressor system to which the integrated hybrid air-foil magnetic thrust bearing (i-HFMTB) proposed in (Ha et al., 2023, “Integrated Hybrid Air Foil-Magnetic Thrust Bearing (i-HFMTB) Part I: Preliminary Experimental Test for Rotordynamic Parameter Identification and Behavior With PD Control,” ASME Paper No. GT2023-102860) [1] is applied, and the vibration and instability problems of air-foil journal bearing (AFJB) occurring in the rigid mode are controlled by i-HFMTB. The compressor rotor is supported by two AFJB (journal diameter = 60 mm) and an i-HFMTB, and the length and mass of the rotor are 550 mm and 15.24 kg, respectively. i-HFMTB has a structure in which air-foil thrust bearing (AFTB) pads are inserted into eight slotted active magnetic thrust bearings (AMTB), and PD control (proportional gain: 4000; differential gain: 10) is applied. The operating area was identified through AFJB’s dynamic coefficients and rotordynamic analysis. As a result, in the experiment with the 250 HP compressor system supported only by two AFJB, sub- and super-synchronous vibrations were generated owing to the AFJB’s insufficient load capacity and damping in the rigid mode (7000 rpm) region, and this instability did not disappear even upon increasing the speed to 15,000 rpm. However, when i-HFMTB was turned on in rigid mode, it was confirmed that the sub- and super-synchronous vibrations were significantly reduced. The thrust collar tilt angle was calculated through orbit trajectory analysis of the impeller and cooling side, and it was confirmed that the tilt angle of the thrust collar was reduced during i-HFMTB operation.
Nonlinear Normal Modes of Vibrating Mechanical Systems: 10 Years of Progress
Authors: Mikhlin Yu , Avramov K. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper contains a review of the theory and applications of nonlinear normal modes, which have been developed during last decade. This review has more than 200 references. It is a continuation of two previous review papers by the same authors. The following theoretical issues of nonlinear normal modes are treated: basic concepts and definitions; application of the normal form theory for nonlinear modes construction; nonlinear modes in finite degrees-of-freedom systems; resonances and bifurcations; reduced-order modeling; nonlinear modes in stochastic dynamical systems; numerical methods; identification of mechanical systems using nonlinear modes. The following applied issues of this theory are treated in this review: experimental measurement of nonlinear modes; nonlinear modes in continuous systems; engineering applications (aerospace engineering, power engineering, piecewise-linear systems and structures with dry friction); nonlinear modes in nanostructures and physical systems; targeted energy transfer and absorption problem.
Thermodynamic Analysis and Performance Assessment of a Novel Solar-Based Multigeneration System for Electricity, Cooling, Heating, and Freshwater Production
Authors: Siddiqui Mohd Asjad 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study offers a comprehensive assessment of the thermodynamic performance of a novel solar-based multigeneration system, which caters to the energy needs of a sustainable community by producing electricity, cooling, heating, and freshwater. The solar-based multigeneration system is comprised of four main components: the thermal subsystem of the parabolic trough collector (PTC) employing CO2 as a heat transfer fluid, a single-effect absorption refrigeration cycle (ARC), a supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) cycle, and an adsorption desalination (AD) cycle with heat recovery employing aluminum fumarate metal–organic framework (MOF) adsorbent material. A comprehensive parametric study was performed on the proposed solar-based multigeneration system by varying key parameters to evaluate its performance. It is found that the thermal and exergy efficiencies of a PTC were evaluated to be 68.35% and 29.88%, respectively, at a fixed inlet temperature of 225 °C and solar irradiation of 850 W/m2 and also a slight reduction in the ARC cycle when examining the variation in the thermal and exergetic COPs for the generator temperature. Additionally, the thermal and exergy efficiencies of electricity, cooling, and heating were determined to be 20.41% and 21.93%, 41.34% and 3.51%, and 7.14% and 3.07%, respectively, at the operating condition. The maximum specific daily water production (SDWP) value of 12.91 m3/ton/day and a gain output ratio (GOR) of 0.64 were obtained under steady operating conditions in the AD cycle.
The Influence of Cage Pocket Lubrication on the Simulation of Deep Groove Ball Bearing Cage Motion
Authors: Russell Thomas , Sadeghi Farshid , Kang Young Sup , Mazzitelli Isidoro 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A six degrees-of-freedom dynamic bearing model (DBM) was modified to include a novel cage pocket lubrication model. The motion of the cage was determined using the finite difference method to solve for the pressure generation and resultant forces inside of each cage pocket at each time-step of the dynamic model. The computational domain of the finite difference model was designed to reflect the specific cage pocket geometry of four common cage designs. Additionally, a bearing cage friction test rig was utilized to characterize the lubrication state inside of each cage. Experiments were performed that reveal the relationship between cage shape, ball speed, and relative ball—cage position. Specifically, information on the occurrence of kinematic starvation, the speed-dependent evacuation of oil from a cage pocket, was collected for use as an input condition to the dynamic bearing model. An inverse distance weighting scheme was utilized to predict starvation parameters for a general ball position inside of the cage pocket. Results from the dynamic simulation reveal new knowledge on the effect of cage geometry and lubrication on dynamic behavior. The inclusion of lubrication effects inside of the cage pocket reduces the median contact force between the balls and cage pocket and improves the stability of the predicted cage motion.
Standardization of an antiviral pipeline for human norovirus in human intestinal enteroids demonstrates nitazoxanide has no to weak antiviral activity
Authors: Lewis Miranda A. , Cortés-Penfield Nicolás W. , Ettayebi Khalil , Patil Ketki , Kaur Gurpreet , Neill Frederick H. , Atmar Robert L. , Ramani Sasirekha , Estes Mary K. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis. In immunocompetent hosts, symptoms usually resolve within 3 days; however, in immunocompromised persons, HuNoV infection can become persistent, debilitating, and sometimes life-threatening. There are no licensed therapeutics for HuNoV due to a near half-century delay in its cultivation. Treatment for chronic HuNoV infection in immunosuppressed patients anecdotally includes nitazoxanide, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial licensed for treatment of parasite-induced gastroenteritis. Despite its off-label use for chronic HuNoV infection, nitazoxanide has not been clearly demonstrated to be an effective treatment. In this study, we standardized a pipeline for antiviral testing using multiple human small intestinal enteroid lines representing different intestinal segments and evaluated whether nitazoxanide inhibits replication of five HuNoV strains
in vitro
. Nitazoxanide did not exhibit high selective antiviral activity against any HuNoV strain tested, indicating it is not an effective antiviral for HuNoV infection. Human intestinal enteroids are further demonstrated as a model to serve as a preclinical platform to test antivirals against HuNoVs to treat gastrointestinal disease.

Abstr
Evaluation of Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) as a control measure for nosocomial outbreak investigations
Authors: Uribe Gabriela , Salipante Stephen J. , Curtis Lauren , Lieberman Joshua A. , Kurosawa Kyoko , Cookson Brad T. , Hoogestraat Daniel , Stewart Mary K. , Olmstead Tessa , Bourassa Lori 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) provides greater resolution than other molecular epidemiology strategies and is emerging as a new gold standard approach for microbial strain typing. The Bruker IR Biotyper is designed as a screening tool to identify bacterial isolates that require WGS to establish accurate relationships, but its performance and utility in nosocomial outbreak investigations have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we evaluated the IR Biotyper by retrospectively examining isolates tested by WGS during investigations of potential nosocomial transmission events or outbreaks. Ninety-eight clinical isolates from 14 different outbreak investigations were examined: three collections of
Acinetobacter baumannii
(
n
= 2,
n
= 9,
n
= 5 isolates in each collection), one of
Escherichia coli
(
n
= 16), two of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(
n
= 2 and
n
= 5), two of
Serratia marcescens
(
n
= 9 and
n
= 7), five of
Staphylococcus aureus
(
n
= 8,
n
= 4,
n
= 3,
n
= 3,
n
= 17), and one of
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
(
n
= 8). Linear regression demonstrated a weak, positive correlation between the number of pairwise genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and IR Biotyper spectral distance values for Gram-positive (
r
= 0.43,
P
≤ 0.0001), Gram-negative (
r
= 0.1554,
P
= 0.0639), and all organisms combined (
r
= 0.342,
P
≤ 0.0001). Overall, the IR Biotyper had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 55.81% for identifying strains that were closely related by genomic identity, but a negative predictive value (NPV) of 86.79% for identifying unrelated isolates. When experimentally adjusted cut-offs were applied to
A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa
, and
E. coli,
the PPV was 62% for identifying strains that were closely related and the NPV was 100% for identifying unrelated isolates. Implementation of the IR Biotyper as a screening tool in this cohort would have reduced the number of Gram-negative isolates requiring further WGS analysis by 50% and would reduce the number of
S. aureus
isolates needing WGS resolution by 48%.
Extragenic suppression of an HSV-1 UL34 nuclear egress mutant reveals role for pUS9 as an inhibitor of epithelial cell-to-cell spread
Authors: Twigg Carly A. I. , Haugo-Crooks Alison , Roller Richard J. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

The herpes simplex virus pUL34 component of the nuclear egress complex functions in both nuclear egress and cell-to-cell spread. A R158A/R161A double substitution in pUL34 has been shown to strongly inhibit both nuclear egress and spread. Selection for extragenic suppressors of UL34
R158A/R161A
on the background of a virus that expresses monomeric red fluorescent protein-tagged pUL35 yielded two viruses , SUP7 and SUP9, that both replicated and spread much better than the parental virus. The two viruses carried both unique and common genetic changes. The most striking unique genetic change was a large rearrangement of the US region of SUP7 resulting in duplication of ICP22 and deletion of part of US3 and all of US9-12. The two common genetic changes were a frame shift that eliminated expression of pUL35, and mutations that either eliminated or diminished expression of pUS9. The mutations in pUL35 significantly improved replication but had only a small effect on spread. We observed that mutations that diminish or eliminate detectable pUS9 expression significantly improved spread on Vero cells of viruses that were impaired in the spread function of either pUL34 or pUL51, but did not enhance spread of an otherwise wild-type virus. A similar enhancement was observed on U2OS, but not HaCaT cells, suggesting that the spread-inhibitory function of pUS9 differs between cell lines.

IMPORTANCE
Herpesviruses are able to disseminate in infected hosts despite development of a strong immune response. Their ability to do this relies on a specialized process called cell-to-cell spread in which newly assembled virus particles are trafficked to plasma membrane surfaces that abut adjacent uninfected cells. The mechanism of cell-to-cell spread is obscure, and little is known about whether or how it is regulated in different cells. We show here that a viral protein with a well-characterized role in promoting spread from neurons has an opposite, inhibitory role in other cells.
Carbapenem resistance in extensively drug-resistant
Salmonella enterica
serovar Agona and AmpC β-lactamase-producing
S.
Infantis
Authors: Hsu Ping-Chun , Wang You-Wun , Chen Bo-Han , Hong Yu-Ping , Teng Ru-Hsiou , Liu Po-Yu , Chiou Chien-Shun 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

We report that carbapenem resistance developed in an extensively drug-resistant
Salmonella enterica
serovar Agona strain during antimicrobial therapy and in an AmpC β-lactamase-producing
S
. Infantis strain. Whole-genome sequence analysis indicated that carbapenem resistance in the
S
. Agona strain was associated with the insertion of a 160-kb IS15DI composite transposon in
ompC_378
, which encodes a porin consisting of 378 amino acids, along with a 397-bp deletion in the
ompD
. The transposon harbored 12 resistance genes including
bla
CTX-M-55
and an efflux pump regulatory gene,
ramAp
. Carbapenem resistance in the
bla
CMY-2
-carrying
S
. Infantis strain was linked to the insertion of a 22,905-bp segment located 10 bp upstream of the
ompC_378
coding sequence, as well as a 254-bp deletion in
ompD
. Our findings indicate that the loss of both
ompC_378
and
ompD
is necessary for carbapenem resistance in extended-spectrum β-lactamase and AmpC β-lactamase-producing
Salmonella
strains.

IMPORTANCE

Carbapenem resistance arising from the loss of porins is commonly observed in extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamase-producing strains of certain
Enterobacteriaceae
genera, including
Klebsiella pneumoniae
,
Escherichia coli
, and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. However, this resistance mechanism is rarely reported in the
Salmonella
genus. To address this knowledge gap, our study offers genetic evidence demonstrating that the loss of two specific porins (OmpC_378 and OmpD) is crucial for the development of carbapenem resistance in
Salmonella
ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase-producing strains. Furthermore, our findings reveal that most
Salmonella
serovars carry seven porin parathologs, with OmpC_378 and OmpD being the key porins involved in the development of carbapenem resistance in
Salmonella
strains.
Myths and facts about functional neurological disorders: a cross-sectional study of knowledge and awareness among medical students and healthcare professionals in Iraq
Authors: Al-Sibahee Essam M , Hashim Ahmed , Al-Badri Sajjad , Al-Fatlawi Nabeel 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundFunctional neurological disorder (FND) is a complex condition with neurological symptoms but no clear structural or biochemical explanation. Myths and misconceptions about FND can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. This study aimed to assess knowledge and common myths about FND among medical students and practitioners.MethodsData were collected from 324 participants using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire included demographics, general information about FND and myths about FND. Data were analysed using non-parametric tests and Spearman’s r for correlations.ResultsThe majority of participants were clinical-years medical students (65.1%) and female (59.6%). Overall, knowledge about FND was limited, with a mean score of 42.3% of correct answers. Common myths included the belief that FND is a psychological disorder and that patients feign symptoms. Knowledge scores differed significantly among different grades/experience levels, with postgraduate practitioners having the highest scores. There was a positive correlation between knowledge scores and confidence in managing FND.ConclusionThis study highlights the prevalence of myths and misconceptions about FND among medical students and practitioners, emphasising the need for accurate education to improve diagnosis and management. Healthcare professionals should take a biopsychosocial approach to FND, considering the complex interplay between biological, psychological and social factors. Efforts to increase awareness and reduce stigma associated with FND are crucial for promoting better care. Targeted educational interventions may be beneficial to improve the understanding and management of FND among medical professionals.
Hip fractures in the older adult: orthopaedic and geriatric shared care model in Southland, New Zealand—a 5-year follow-up study
Authors: Morris Holly , Cameron Claire , Vanderboor Christina , Nguyen Anh , Londahl Monica , Harng Chong Yih , Navarre Pierre 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundNeck of femur fractures are common with associated high morbidity and mortality rates. National standards include provision of orthogeriatric care to any patient with a hip fracture. This study assessed the outcomes at 5 years following implementation of a collaborative orthogeriatric service at Southland Hospital in 2012.MethodsRetrospective data were collected for patients aged 65 years and older admitted with a fragility hip fracture. Data were collated for 2011 (preimplementation) and 2017 (postimplementation). Demographic data and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores were recorded to ensure comparability of the patient groups. Length of stay, postoperative complications and 30-day and 1-year mortality were assessed.Results74 admissions with mean age at surgery of 84.2 years in 2011 and 107 admissions with mean age of 82.6 years in 2017. There was a higher proportion of ASA 2 and ASA 3 patients in 2017 compared with 2011 (p=0.036). The median length of stay in the orthopaedic ward was unchanged in the two cohorts but there was a shorter median length of stay by 6.5 days and mean length of stay by 11 days in 2017 in the rehabilitation ward (p<0.001 for both median and mean). Through logistic regression controlling for age, sex and ASA score, there was a reduction in the odds of having a complication by 12% (p<0.001). The study was too small to undertake statistical testing to calculate significant difference in overall 30-day and 1-year mortality between the groups.ConclusionThe orthogeriatric service has reduced the frequency of complications and length of stay on the rehabilitation ward 5 years following implementation.