bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative absorption of conjugated linoleic acid as triacylglycerol, free fatty acid and ethyl ester in a functional food matrix
Authors: Fernie Claire E. , Dupont Isabelle E. , Scruel Olivier , Carpentier Yvon A. , Sébédio Jean‐Louis , Scrimgeour Charles M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractConjugated linoleic acid (CLA) shows potential benefits in a number of medical conditions, making it a possible target for incorporation into a functional food. Until recently, clinical trials were conducted with various mixtures of CLA isomers, encapsulated as the free acid. The purpose of this study was to examine a mixture of two specific CLA isomers (9c,11t and 10t,12c), incorporated into a functional food either as triacylglycerol, free fatty acid or fatty acid ethyl ester. Differences in absorption between the lipid forms and between the isomers were investigated. The palatability of the different functional‐food formulations was also studied. Significantly less CLA was absorbed into chylomicrons over six hours when fed as fatty acid ethyl ester than when either the triacylglycerol or free fatty acid forms were fed. Further work is recommended, to examine fatty acid ethyl ester absorption over longer periods of time. Most subjects reported that the fatty acid formulation had poor taste characteristics. We conclude that CLA as triacylglycerol is the most suitable form for incorporation into a functional food and that the 9c,11t and 10t,12c CLA isomers are absorbed similarly into chylomicrons.
Effects of thermal treatment on fish lipids‐amylose interaction
Authors: Bienkiewicz Grzegorz , Kołakowska Anna 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe paper describes a study on effects of thermal treatments (microwave heating and freezing) on fish lipids‐amylose starch interactions. Particular attention was paid to lipid availability (extractability from the system) and contribution of fatty acids to various groups of lipids after interactions produced by mixing, microwave heating and storage. Analyses were made on model systems containing fish lipids at different oxidation levels and gelatinised with 10% aqueous solution of amylose starch. The lipid:starch ratio was 1:1. The systems were assayed before and after mixing, microwave heating (4 min, 90 W), freezing (30 d, –18 °C), and heating followed by freezing. Lipid extractability (selective extraction), peroxide value (PV), anisidine value (AsV), fluorescence, and fatty acid profiles (GC/MS) were determined. Mixing of fish lipids with amylose was shown to result in lipid‐amylose interaction. The thermal treatments applied (microwave heating or freezing at –19 °C for 30 d) were observed to exert different, significant effects on fish lipids‐amylose starch interactions. The effects depended also on the extent of lipid oxidation. Fatty acids of the lipids were bound selectively, PUFA, and particularly DHA, were subjected to stronger binding and higher amounts of those acids were bound.
Intake of ruminant versus industrial trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease – what is the evidence?
Authors: Weggemans Rianne M. , Rudrum Mike , Trautwein Elke A. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSeveral studies have reported a positive association between intake of trans fatty acids and risk of heart disease. It has been suggested that trans fatty acids from ruminant sources are less detrimental than trans fatty acids from industrial sources. Legislation or advice on limiting trans fatty acids has, in some instances, been restricted to trans fatty acids from industrial sources.However, comparisons of ruminant and industrial trans fatty acids have been based on few studies using relative intake data (e.g. quintiles of intakes). Therefore, we have reviewed data describing the associations between absolute intake (g eaten per day) of ruminant and industrial trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease, and examined the associations graphically.Where direct comparison is possible, there are no differences in risk of coronary heart disease between total, ruminant and industrial trans fatty acids for intakes up to 2.5 g/d. At higher intakes (more than 3 g/d) total and industrial trans fatty acids are associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease but there is insufficient data available on ruminant trans fatty acids at this level of intake.The scarce data do not support discrimination between ruminant and industrial trans fatty acids in dietary recommendations or legislation.
Construction of tree models for pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Huang Zhongxi , Desper Richard , Schäffer Alejandro A. , Yin Zhihua , Li Xin , Yao Kaitai 
Published: June 2004

AbstractPathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a multistep and multipathway process that cannot be fully explained by a fixed linear progression model. We used distance‐based and branching‐tree methods to construct more general tree‐like models for NPC carcinogenesis from 170 comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) samples previously published in five smaller studies. Imbalances were classified into “overlap regions,” each containing the most commonly gained or lost band on each chromosome arm as well as adjacent bands that were gained or lost almost as often. The chromosome abnormalities associated with NPC were −3p26–13 (48.9%), −11q22–25 (38.1%), −16q12–24 (38.1%), −14q24–32 (32.4%), −13q21–32 (22.3%), −9p23–21(21.6%), +12p12 (46%), +12q13–15 (43.9%), +1q22–32 (33.1%), +3q13.1–26.2 (30.2%), and +8q22.1–24.2 (27.3%). NPC can be classified into two groups, one marked by +12p12 and +8q22.1–24.2 and the other by −3p26–13, −11q22–25, −14q24–32, and +1q22–32. The tree models predicted −3p26–13 and +12p12 as early events and +8q22.1–24.2 as a late event. The predictions for −3p26–13 and +8q22.1–24.2 were consistent with previous studies. The prediction for +12p12 is being reported for the first time. Many known NPC‐related genes on chromosomal regions of these tree models are discussed, some of which may merit additional study. The potential applications of tree models are also discussed. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TFG is a novel fusion partner of NOR1 in extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma
Authors: Hisaoka Masanori , Ishida Tsuyoshi , Imamura Tetsuo , Hashimoto Hiroshi 
Published: June 2004

AbstractExtraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is characterized by recurrent chromosomal translocations resulting in fusions of the nuclear receptor gene NOR1 (also known as CHN or TEC) to various N‐terminal partners, including EWS and TAF2N (or RBP56). Significant structural homology of EWS or TAF2N to TLS (or FUS) prompted us to investigate a potential novel gene fusion of NOR1 to TLS in EMCs without detectable known NOR1 fusions. In one of the EMCs examined, our reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction using NOR1 and TLS primers unexpectedly amplified a cDNA sequence derived not from a TLS/NOR1 fusion but from a TFG/NOR1 fusion, a hitherto undescribed fusion type in EMC, probably a result of incidental misannealing by the TLS primer, which has a sequence partially identical to TFG. Encoding a protein with a putative coiled‐coil structure, TFG previously was identified by a homology search in the Expressed Sequence Tag Database as having an SPYGQ‐rich region similar to the N‐terminal parts of EWS and TLS. TFG/NOR1 fusion appears to play an oncogenic role equivalent to those of other NOR1 fusions in EMC. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cryptic insertion of MLL gene into 9p22 leads to MLL–MLLT3 (AF9) fusion in a case of acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Shago Mary , Bouman Derek , Kamel‐Reid Suzanne , Minden Mark , Chun Kathy 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe formation of a leukemogenic fusion product in hematopoietic malignancies is commonly achieved by chromosomal translocation. Alternate and cytogenetically undetectable mechanisms of fusion transcript generation have been documented for BCR–AB1, AML1–ETO, PML–RARA, NPM/ALK, and MLL–MLLT2 (AF4). Here, we report the investigation of a cryptic rearrangement leading to MLL–MLLT3 transcript formation. Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood from a 50‐year‐old acute myeloid leukemia patient yielded a karyotype of 47,XY,+8,del(11)(q21q23) in all metaphase cells examined. Metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis using the MLL probe at 11q23 revealed that the 5′ portion of the MLL gene was inserted into chromosome 9 at band p22, whereas the 3′ region of the MLL gene remained on chromosome 11. Whole‐chromosome paint analysis confirmed the cryptic transfer of chromosome 11 material to 9p22. With this information, the karyotype was reassigned as 47,XY,+8,der(9)ins(9;11)(p22;q23q23),del(11)(q21q23). RT‐PCR was used to show that the cryptic rearrangement in this patient led to the fusion of the MLL and MLLT3 transcripts on the der(9). The presence of the MLL–MLLT3 transcript is consistent with the clinical findings in this patient. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DLEU2 encodes an antisense RNA for the putative bicistronic RFP2/LEU5 gene in humans and mouse
Authors: Corcoran Martin M. , Hammarsund Marianne , Zhu Chaoyong , Lerner Mikael , Kapanadze Bagrat , Wilson Bill , Larsson Catharina , Forsberg Lars , Ibbotson Rachel E. , Einhorn Stefan , Oscier David G. , Grandér Dan , Sangfelt Olle 
Published: June 2004

AbstractOur group previously identified two novel genes, RFP2/LEU5 and DLEU2, within a 13q14.3 genomic region of loss seen in various malignancies. However, no specific inactivating mutations were found in these or other genes in the vicinity of the deletion, suggesting that a nonclassical tumor‐suppressor mechanism may be involved. Here, we present data showing that the DLEU2 gene encodes a putative noncoding antisense RNA, with one exon directly overlapping the first exon of the RFP2/LEU5 gene in the opposite orientation. In addition, the RFP2/LEU5 transcript can be alternatively spliced to produce either several monocistronic transcripts or a putative bicistronic transcript encoding two separate open‐reading frames, adding to the complexity of the locus. The finding that these gene structures are conserved in the mouse, including the putative bicistronic RFP2/LEU5 transcript as well as the antisense relationship with DLEU2, further underlines the significance of this unusual organization and suggests a biological function for DLEU2 in the regulation of RFP2/LEU5. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deep neck infection: Analysis of 185 cases
Authors: Huang Tung‐Tsun , Liu Tien‐Chen , Chen Peir‐Rong , Tseng Fen‐Yu , Yeh Te‐Huei , Chen Yuh‐Shyang 
Published: June 2004

AbstractPurpose.This study reviews our experience with deep neck infections and tries to identify the predisposing factors of life‐threatening complications.Methods.A retrospective review was conducted of patients who were diagnosed as having deep neck infections in the Department of Otolaryngology at National Taiwan University Hospital from 1997 to 2002. Their demographics etiology, associated systemic diseases, bacteriology, radiology, treatment, duration of hospitalization, complications, and outcomes were reviewed. The attributing factors to deep neck infections, such as the age and systemic diseases of patients, were also analyzed.Results.One hundred eighty‐five charts were recorded; 109 (58.9%) were men, and 76 (41.1%) were women, with a mean age of 49.5 ± 20.5 years. Ninety‐seven (52.4%) of the patients were older than 50 years old. There were 63 patients (34.1%) who had associated systemic diseases, with 88.9% (56/63) of those having diabetes mellitus (DM). The parapharyngeal space (38.4%) was the most commonly involved space. Odontogenic infections and upper airway infections were the two most common causes of deep neck infections (53.2% and 30.5% of the known causes). Streptococcus viridans and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common organisms (33.9%, 33.9%) identified through pus cultures. K. pneumoniae was also the most common infective organism (56.1%) in patients with DM. Of the abscess group (142 patients), 103 patients (72.5%) underwent surgical drainages. Thirty patients (16.2%) had major complications during admission, and among them, 18 patients received tracheostomies. Those patients with underlying systemic diseases or complications or who received tracheostomy tended to have a longer hospital stay and were older. There were three deaths (mortality rate, 1.6%). All had an underlying systemic disease and were older than 72 years of age.Conclusions.When dealing with deep neck infections in a high‐risk group (older patients with DM or other underlying systemic diseases) in the clinic, more attention should be paid to the prevention of complications and even the possibility of death. Early surgical drainage remains the main method of treating deep neck abscesses. Therapeutic needle aspiration and conservative medical treatment are effective in selective cases such as those with minimal abscess formation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 854–860, 2004
Sensitivity and specificity of epstein‐barr virus IGA titer in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a three‐year institutional review
Authors: Tsang Raymond K. Y. , Vlantis Alexander C. , Ho Ricky W. K. , Tam John S. L. , To K. F. , Andrew van Hasselt C. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBackground.IgA antibody titers to the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) viral capsid antigen (EBV IgA‐VCA) and to the EBV early antigen (EBV IgA‐EA) are used to screen for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study evaluates the sensitivity and specificity of EBV IgA‐VCA and EBV IgA‐EA titers in screening patients for NPC and in those diagnosed with NPC at our institution.Methods.The NPC status was determined for all patients who had their EBV IgA‐VCA and EBV‐IgA EA titers measured over a 3‐year period, and the sensitivity and specificity were calculated.Results.Five thousand one hundred ninety‐six samples were analyzed. NPC was diagnosed in 215 patients. The sensitivity and specificity of a raised EBV IgA‐VCA titer (≥1:5) for diagnosing NPC were 89% and 80%, respectively, with a raised EbV IgA‐EA titer (≥1:5) having a sensitivity and specificity of 63% and 97%, respectively.Conclusions.Although the EBV IgA‐VCA titer is sensitive for the diagnosis of NPC, it should not be used as the sole means of screening for NPC in a population in which NPC is endemic. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 598–602, 2004
Collision tumor of the thyroid: a case report of metastatic liposarcoma plus papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Brandwein‐Gensler Margaret , Urken Mark , Wang Beverly 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBackground.The term collision tumor represents the proximal coexistence of two histologically distinct tumors. Collision tumors within the thyroid are extremely rare, and reported cases are usually of mixed histologies of papillary and medullary carcinomas. Metastatic disease to the thyroid is also an uncommon scenario but may develop after long disease‐free intervals. Carcinomas, most commonly renal cell carcinoma, are the likeliest group of neoplasms to metastasize to the thyroid. Soft tissue sarcomas metastasize to the thyroid with a much lower frequency.Methods.We are reporting this highly unusual case of metastatic liposarcoma from the thigh to thyroid, which harbored a collision tumor of papillary thyroid carcinoma. This 86‐year‐old woman had undergone an initial resection for liposarcoma of the thigh two decades before being seen with a thyroid mass.Results.Histologically, the thyroid mass was a metastatic myxoid liposarcoma, identical to the primary neoplasm. Papillary thyroid carcinoma was present within this metastasis and in the adjacent thyroid.Conclusion.For any patient seen with a thyroid mass with a history of prior malignancy, no matter how remote, metastatic disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 637–641, 2004
Acoustic features of infant crying related to intended caregiving intervention
Authors: Zeifman Debra M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe present study investigated the acoustic features of crying associated with intended caregiving intervention. One hundred eighty‐eight parents (138 females, 50 males) viewed a videotape depicting a healthy 4‐week‐old infant progressing from fussing to crying over the course of 4 minutes, and indicated if and when they would pick up the infant in a real‐life situation. There was a distinct peak in responding corresponding to an increase in duration but not fundamental frequency of the infant's cries. This finding is discussed in terms of the existing empirical literature. It is hypothesized that, whereas frequency may convey information about a newborn's neurological integrity and health status at birth, duration and other acoustical variables provide information about slightly older, normal infants' level of distress. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Situational affect and temperament: Implications for sibling caregiving
Authors: Volling Brenda L. , Herrera Carla , Poris Michelle P. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe caregiving behaviour of 60 preschool‐age children (M=50 months) toward their 16‐month‐old younger siblings was observed during a brief separation from their parents. Sibling caregiving was more strongly associated with parent ratings of both the older siblings' and toddlers' temperament than with the younger siblings' distress exhibited during the separation. The older siblings' social fear was positively related to providing care, whereas their temperamental activity level was negatively related to caregiving. Younger siblings' temperamental anger and soothability were positively associated with receiving care from an older sibling. Relations with temperament were independent of both children's distress levels during the separation, and in several instances, dispositional affective measures (i.e. temperament) made stronger contributions to the prediction of sibling caregiving than did situational distress. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of biodegradable poly(propylene fumarate)/poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) blend microspheres. I. Preparation and characterization
Authors: Kempen Diederik H. R. , Lu Lichun , Zhu Xun , Kim Choll , Jabbari Esmaiel , Dhert Wouter J. A. , Currier Bradford L. , Yaszemski Michael J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe developed poly(propylene fumarate)/poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PPF/PLGA) blend microspheres and investigated the effects of various processing parameters on the characteristics of these microspheres. The advantage of these blend microspheres is that the carbon–carbon double bonds along the PPF backbone could be used for their immobilization in a PPF scaffold. Microspheres containing the model drug Texas red dextran were fabricated using a double emulsion‐solvent extraction technique. The effects of the following six processing parameters on the microsphere characteristics were investigated: PPF/PLGA ratio, polymer viscosity, vortex speed during emulsification, amount of internal aqueous phase, use of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in the internal aqueous phase, and PVA concentration in the external aqueous phase. Our results showed that the microsphere surface morphology was affected most by the viscosity of the polymer solution. Microspheres fabricated with a kinematic viscosity of 39 centistokes had a smooth, nonporous surface. In most microsphere formulations, the model drug was dispersed uniformly in the polymer matrix. For all fabricated formulations, the average microsphere diameter ranged between 19.0 and 76.9 μm. The external PVA concentration and vortex speed had most effect on the size distribution. Entrapment efficiencies varied from 60 to 98% and were most affected by the amount of internal aqueous phase, vortex speed, and polymer viscosity. Overall, we demonstrated the ability to fabricate PPF/PLGA blend microspheres with similar surface morphology, entrapment efficiency, and size distribution as conventional PLGA microspheres. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 70A: 283–292, 2004
Integration of the NfκB p65 subunit into the vitamin D receptor transcriptional complex: Identification of p65 domains that inhibit 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3‐stimulated transcription
Authors: Lu Xianghuai , Farmer Paul , Rubin Janet , Nanes Mark S. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractResistance to the action of vitamin D (D) occurs in response to tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), an effect mediated by nuclear factor kappa B (NfκB). To determine the mechanism of NfκB inhibition of D‐stimulated transcription, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays (CHIP) were done in osteoblastic ROS 17/2.8 cells that had been treated with TNF‐α or transfected with the p65 subunit of NfκB. These treatments caused stable incorporation of p65 into the transcription complex bound to the vitamin D response element (VDRE) of the osteocalcin promoter. Deletion analysis of p65 functional domains revealed that the p65 N‐terminus and a midmolecular region were both required for the inhibitory action of p65. Pull‐down assays were done using an immobilized glutathione S‐transferase (GST)‐VDR fusion protein to study the effect of p65 on VDR binding to steroid coactivator‐1 (SRC‐1), a major D‐dependent coactivator. p65 inhibited VDR‐SRC‐1 binding in a dose‐dependent manner. Mutations of p65 that abrogated the inhibitory effect on D‐stimulated transcription also failed to inhibit VDR‐SRC‐1 binding. The inhibitory effect of p65 on VDR transactivation was not due to recruitment of a histone deacetylase (HDAC), since inhibition was not relieved by the HDAC inhibitors sodium butyrate or trichostatin A. Overexpression of SRC‐1 or the general coactivators, Creb binding protein or SRC‐3, also failed to relieve p65 inhibition of transcription. In addition, Chip assays revealed that TNF‐α treatment prevented D recruitment of SRC‐1 to the transcription complex. These results show that TNF‐α inhibition of vitamin D‐action includes stable integration of p65 in the VDR transcription complex. Once anchored to proteins within the complex, p65 disrupts VDR binding to SRC‐1, thus decreasing the efficiency of D‐stimulated gene transcription. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treating individuals with debilitating performance anxiety: An introduction
Authors: Powell Douglas H. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractClinicians often see clients who have debilitating performance anxiety. They suffer from public speaking anxiety, stage fright, test‐taking anxiety, and writing block. Their condition is so severe as to threaten to end their academic or professional career. Musicians and athletes also seek help because their anxiety before and during an event causes them to perform at a level well below their demonstrated capabilities. An estimated 2% of the U.S. population is afflicted by debilitating performance anxiety. Effective treatments are now available. This article reviews those behavioral, cognitive, and technological therapies that have shown great promise for treating individuals who have debilitating performance anxiety and introduces this issue of the Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session devoted to this topic. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session.
Cognitive therapy for performance anxiety
Authors: Rodebaugh Thomas L. , Chambless Dianne L. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe present and illustrate the major components of cognitive therapy for performance anxiety, focusing on the performance fears of a client treated with a protocol designed for social phobia. The basic supposition of cognitive theory is that a client's thoughts and beliefs about situations maintain distressing feelings, such as anxiety. Changing these beliefs involves detection and disputation of anxiety‐provoking thoughts, as well as testing of these thoughts through exposure to feared situations. Through a process of identifying existing beliefs about performance situations and challenging these beliefs, clients can gain a more realistic and less anxiety‐producing perspective on performance tasks. Specific techniques, along with common difficulties and potential solutions, are presented in a detailed case study. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session.