bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
As time goes by: issues for older people with their medication use
Authors: Kippen Sandra , Fraser Mary , Ellis Julie 
Published: June 2005

Objective:  To explore the impact of medication use on the lives of older people. Method:  A convenience sample of self‐selecting participants from five community‐based groups was used. Four focus groups were held in a large regional city and one in a small rural town. Participants (11 men and 15 women) were a cross‐section of people aged 60 years and older. Results:  Many participants reported a sense of their life being controlled by when and how they needed to use medication. They experienced lifestyle impacts and struggled to deal with sometimes debilitating side‐effects. Formerly routine activities such as ease of mobility and travel had become challenges to their autonomy and independence. Information given by general practitioners, pharmacists and pamphlets accompanying medication was helpful but, nevertheless, often incomplete. Packaging was reported to be often not ‘user friendly’ and prescribing was sometimes done in a way that could create waste and confusion. Conclusions:  Embarking on medication regimens can impact significantly on lifestyle, and erect barriers to a positive experience of ageing through exacerbating loss of control in life situations.
Sensitivity of the Psychological and Interpersonal Relationship Scales to Oral Therapies for Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Rosen Raymond , Broderick Gregory , Shabsigh Ridwan , Swindle Ralph , Lockhart Daniel , Cameron Ann 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Studies of erectile dysfunction (ED) therapies typically assess erectile function end- points, although other treatment outcomes may also be of value to men and their partners.

Aim
To examine the treatment sensitivity of the Psychological and Interpersonal Relationship Scales (PAIRS) associated with the use of two phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors with different duration of action.

Methods
Men with ED were recruited from three clinical trials of tadalafil and sildenafil citrate to complete post-treatment questionnaires that included the PAIRS. In Study 1, the PAIRS was assessed after 6 months of open-label tadalafil (20 mg) treatment and after 2 months of real-world sildenafil use (25–100 mg). In studies 2 and 3, the PAIRS was assessed at the end of the trial assessment phase. In Study 2, men with a 6–24 week history of sildenafil use (25–100 mg) received 3 weeks of open-label sildenafil treatment (dosage at study entry), and then switched to 9 weeks of tadalafil treatment. In Study 3, a double-blind, crossover study, men were randomized to 12 weeks of either tadalafil (20 mg) or sildenafil (50 mg) treatment, followed by 12 weeks of the alternate treatment; PAIRS scores for the second treatment period were evaluated.

Main Outcome Measure
Treatment outcomes were assessed with the PAIRS, a new reliable and valid self-report measure of sexual self-confidence, spontaneity, and time concerns before sex.

Results
Significant mean differences were observed on all PAIRS domain scores associated with tadalafil and sildenafil treatment. Across studies, men had significantly higher sexual self-confidence and spontaneity scores, and lower time concerns scores in reference to tadalafil compared with their scores in reference to sildenafil.

Conclusions
Mean differences observed on PAIRS domains across studies support the sensitivity of the measure to differentiate between these two ED treatments.
Proposal for a Definition of Lifelong Premature Ejaculation Based on Epidemiological Stopwatch Data
Authors: Waldinger Marcel D. , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Olivier Berend , Schweitzer Dave H. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Consensus on a definition of premature ejaculation has not yet been reached because of debates based on subjective authority opinions and nonstandardized assessment methods to measure ejaculation time and ejaculation control.

Aim
To provide a definition for lifelong premature ejaculation that is based on epidemiological evidence including the neurobiological and psychological approach.

Methods
We used the 0.5 and 2.5 percentiles as accepted standards of disease definition in a skewed distribution. We applied these percentiles in a stopwatch-determined intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) distribution of 491 nonselected men from five different countries. The practical consequences of 0.5% and 2.5% cutoff points for disease definition were taken into consideration by reviewing current knowledge of feelings of control and satisfaction in relation to ejaculatory performance of the general male population.

Main Outcome Measures
Literature arguments to be used in a proposed consensus on a definition of premature ejaculation.

Results
The stopwatch-determined IELT distribution is positively skewed. The 0.5 percentile equates to an IELT of 0.9 minute and the 2.5 percentile an IELT of 1.3 minutes. However, there are no available data in the literature on feelings of control or satisfaction in relation to ejaculatory latency time in the general male population. Random male cohort studies are needed to end all speculation on this subject. Exact stopwatch time assessment of IELT in a multinational study led us to propose that all men with an IELT of less than 1 minute (belonging to the 0.5 percentile) have “definite” premature ejaculation, while men with IELTs between 1 and 1.5 minutes (between 0.5 and 2.5 percentile) have “probable” premature ejaculation. Severity of premature ejaculation (nonsymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe) should be defined in terms of associated psychological problems.

Conclusion
We define lifelong premature ejaculation as a neurobiological dysfunction with an unacceptable increase of risk to develop sexual and psychological problems anywhere in a lifetime. By defining premature ejaculation from an authority-defined disorder into a dysfunction based on epidemiological evidence it is possible to establish consensus based on epidemiological evidence. Additional epidemiological stopwatch studies are needed for a final decision of IELT values at both percentile cutoff points.
Successful Withdrawal of Oral Long-Acting Nitrates to Facilitate Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor Use in Stable Coronary Disease Patients with Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Jackson Graham , Martin Emma , McGing Elaine , Cooper Alethea 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Vascular disease is the most common cause of male erectile dysfunction (ED). Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are effective in up to 80% of men but are contraindicated in the presence of oral nitrates, because of a potentially severe hypotensive interaction.

Aims
To see if stable coronary disease patients with ED could have their oral nitrates discontinued to allow safe use of a PDE5 inhibitor.

Methods
Prospective study of 425 men with ED and cardiac disease conducted in an outpatient cardiac sexual advice clinic.

Main Outcome Measures
Discontinuation of oral nitrates to facilitate subsequent use of PDE5 therapy.

Results
Oral nitrates were being used by 88 (21%) coronary artery disease patients all of whom were clinically stable. Fifty-five (63%) of these men with a good exercise ability had their nitrates discontinued in the presence of continuing beta-blockade or calcium antagonist therapy. They were reviewed 1 week later. Only three restarted their nitrate therapy because of an increase in symptoms. Forty-nine of the 52 men no longer taking nitrates were treated with a PDE5 inhibitor which was effective in 22 out of 26 (85%) patients who have completed follow-up. Fifteen patients are currently undergoing clinic follow-up in order to optimize treatment, and nine patients have continued therapy with their family doctors. Importantly, there have been no adverse cardiac events.

Conclusion
Oral nitrates can be discontinued in the presence of continuing beta-blockade and/or calcium antagonist therapy in stable coronary disease patients with ED to allow for the safe use of PDE5 inhibitors.
The Use of an Erectogenic Pharmacotherapy Regimen Following Radical Prostatectomy Improves Recovery of Spontaneous Erectile Function
Authors: Mulhall John , Land Spencer , Parker Marilyn , Waters W. Bedford , Flanigan Robert C. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

Purpose
It has been suggested that postradical prostatectomy (RP) erectile function outcomes are improved by early use of erectogenic medications. This analysis was designed to assess the ability of a post-RP vasoactive drug program to improve long-term spontaneous erectile function.

Methods
Men with functional preoperative erections who underwent RP were challenged early postoperatively with oral sildenafil. Nonresponders were switched to intracavernosal injection therapy (ICI). Patients were instructed to inject three times a week. Only patients who presented within 6 months post RP, who completed the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire on at least three separate occasions after surgery, and who had been followed for at least 18 months were included. Data from men who were committed to rehabilitation were compared with those of men who did not follow the protocol but continued to be followed serially following RP.

Results
There were 58 patients in the rehabilitation (R) group and 74 in the nonrehabilitation (NR) group. No differences existed in mean patient age, comorbidity profile, intraoperative nerve sparing status, or postoperative erectile hemodynamics between the two groups. At 18 months post RP, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the percentage of patients who were capable of having medication-unassisted intercourse (R = 52% vs. NR = 19%, P &lt; 0.001); mean erectile rigidity (R = 53 ± 21% vs. NR = 26 ± 43%, P &lt; 0.01); mean IIEF erectile function (EF) domain scores (R = 22 ± 6 vs. NR = 12 ± 14, P &lt; 0.01); the percentage of patients with normal EF domain scores (R = 22% vs. NR = 6%, P &lt; 0.01); the percentage of patients responding to sildenafil (R = 64% vs. NR = 24%, P &lt; 0.001); the time to become a sildenafil responder (R = 9 ± 4 vs. NR = 13 ± 3 months, P = 0.02); and the percentage of patients responding to ICI (R = 95% vs. NR = 76%, P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
The data generated from this nonrandomized study indicate that a pharmacologic penile rehabilitation protocol results in higher rates of spontaneous functional erections and erectogenic drug response after RP.
Comparison of the COBAS AMPLICOR MTB and BDProbeTec ET Assays for Detection of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
in Respiratory Specimens
Authors: Goessens W. H. F. , de Man P. , Koeleman J. G. M. , Luijendijk A. , te Witt R. , Endtz H. P. , van Belkum A. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

The performances of the BDProbeTec ET (Becton Dickinson) and COBAS AMPLICOR MTB (Roche) were retrospectively evaluated for detecting
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complex in various respiratory specimens. The BACTEC and MGIT liquid culture system (Becton Dickinson) was used as a reference method. A total of 824 respiratory specimens, comprised of sputa, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and bronchial and tracheal aspirates from 580 patients, were evaluated. Out of 824 clinical specimens, 109 specimens from 43 patients were culture positive for
M. tuberculosis
. Of these 109 specimens, 67 were smear positive, 85 were positive by the COBAS AMPLICOR MTB test, and 94 were positive by the BDProbeTec ET. Of the 715 culture-negative specimens, 17 were positive by the auramine staining, 11 were positive by the COBAS AMPLICOR MTB test, and 12 were positive by the BDProbeTec ET. After discrepancy analysis and review of the patients' clinical data, 130 specimens from 50 patients were considered “true-positive” specimens. This resulted in the following sensitivities: microscopy, 61.5%; COBAS AMPLICOR MTB test, 78.0%; and BDProbeTec ET, 86.2%. The specificities of each system, based on the clinical diagnosis, were 99.7% for microscopy, 99.9% for the COBAS AMPLICOR MTB test, and 99.9% for the BDProbeTec ET. The data presented represent a considerable number of specimens evaluated with a considerable number of culture- and auramine-positive and culture-positive and auramine-negative results and therefore give a realistic view of how the data should be interpreted in a daily routine situation. Specifically, the data with regard to the culture-positive and auramine-negative specimens are useful, because in a routine situation, auramine-negative specimens are sometimes accepted, on clinical indications, to be analyzed by an amplification method.
Use of the INNO-LiPA-MYCOBACTERIA Assay (Version 2) for Identification ofMycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare-Mycobacterium scrofulaceumComplex Isolates
Authors: Lebrun Léa , Weill François-Xavier , Lafendi Leila , Houriez Florence , Casanova François , Gutierrez M. Cristina , Ingrand Didier , Lagrange Philippe , Vincent Véronique , Herrmann Jean Louis 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTUsing INNO-LiPA-MYCOBACTERIA (Lipav1; Innogenetics) and the AccuProbe (Gen-Probe Inc./bioMérieux) techniques, 35Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare-Mycobacterium scrofulaceum(MAC/MAIS) complex strains were identified between January 2000 and December 2002. Thirty-four of 35 isolates were positive only for the MAIS complex probe by Lipav1 and were further analyzed by INNO-LiPA-MYCOBACTERIA version 2 (Lipav2),hsp65PCR restriction pattern analysis (PRA), and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS),hsp65, and 16S rRNA sequences. Lipav2 identified 14 of 34 strains at the species level, including 11 isolates positive for the newly specific MAC sequevar Mac-A probe (MIN-2 probe). Ten of these 11 isolates corresponded to sequevar Mac-A, which was recently defined asMycobacterium chimeraesp. nov. Among the last 20 of the 34 MAIS isolates, 17 (byhsp65PRA) and 18 (byhsp65sequence) were characterized asM. avium. Ten of the 20 were identified as Mac-U sequevar. All these 20 isolates were identified asM. intracellulareby 16S rRNA sequence except one isolate identified asMycobacterium paraffinicumby 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing. One isolate out of 35 isolates that was positive forM. aviumby AccuProbe and that wasMycobacteriumgenus probe positive and MAIS probe negative by Lipav1 and Lipav2 might be considered a new species. In conclusion, the new INNO-LiPA-MYCOBACTERIA allowed the identification of 40% of the previously unidentified MAIS isolates at the species level. The results of the Lipav2 assay on the MAIS isolates confirm the great heterogeneity of this group and suggest the use ofhsp65or ITS sequencing for precise identification of such isolates.
First Reported Outbreak of Diarrhea Due to Adenovirus Infection in a Hematology Unit for Adults
Authors: Jalal Hamid , Bibby David F. , Tang Julian W. , Bennett Julie , Kyriakou Chara , Peggs Karl , Cubitt David , Brink Nicola S. , Ward Kate N. , Tedder Richard S. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT
Numerous outbreaks of adenovirus infection from different types of health care settings, except a hematology unit, have been reported. This is the first report describing an outbreak of adenovirus infection causing diarrhea among adult hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Six of 21 patients from the outbreak cohort were affected with diarrhea. Electron microscopy, cell culture, and direct DNA sequencing of amplicons generated from stool and blood samples were used to investigate this outbreak. Electron microscopy and cell culture detected adenovirus in stools from symptomatic patients. DNA sequencing of amplicons generated from stool samples confirmed nosocomial transmission of infection from a single index case. The outbreak strain was also detected in plasma of four of these patients, suggesting systemic infection. The outbreak strain was identified as type 12. Standard infection control measures were effective to control this outbreak.
Evaluation of a Novel Rapid One-Step Immunochromatographic Assay for Detection of Monoclonal
Helicobacter pylori
Antigen in Stool Samples from Children
Authors: Antoš David , Crone Julia , Konstantopoulos Nikolaos , Koletzko Sibylle 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

A new rapid one-step immunochromatographic test using monoclonal antibodies for detection of
Helicobacter pylori
antigen in stool in children was evaluated on coded stool samples from 159 children (mean age, 9.7 ± 5.0 years; 118 from Munich, 41 from Vienna): 86 children were
H. pylori
infected defined by positive culture and/or ≥2 other positive tests ([
13
C]urea breath test, histology, rapid urease test), and 73 children showed concordant negative results. Seventy-nine patients (12.1 ± 3.8 years; 42 from Munich; 37 from Vienna) were tested 6 to 8 weeks after anti-
Helicobacter pylori
therapy with urea breath test and stool test. In Munich, all 160 tests (118 pre- and 42 posttreatment) were independently read by two observers. Equivocal results were excluded for calculation of sensitivity and specificity but were considered as false to assess accuracy. The two observers in Munich agreed in 63 out of 65 positive and 89 out of 95 negative results, while eight times (5.0%) they judged the test as equivocal. Pretreatment and posttreatment results for sensitivity were 88.1% (79.2 to 94.1) and 88.9% (51.8 to 99.7), specificity 88.1% (77.8 to 94.1) and 93.9% (85.2 to 98.3), and accuracy 83.5% and 81.5%, respectively. We conclude that the new monoclonal immunochromatographic quick test shows a good interobserver agreement, but equivocal results occur in 5%. Performance is comparable before and after therapy. The test may become a good alternative in children in settings where a [
13
C]urea breath test or a reliable enzyme immunoassay stool test are not available.
Selection of Strains for Quality Assessment of the Disk Induction Method for Detection of Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococci: a CLSI Collaborative Study
Authors: Zelazny Adrian M. , Ferraro Mary Jane , Glennen Anita , Hindler Janet F. , Mann Linda M. , Munro Susan , Murray Patrick R. , Reller L. Barth , Tenover Fred C. , Jorgensen James H. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

A nine-laboratory collaborative study was conducted to select positive and negative quality assessment control strains for the detection of inducible clindamycin resistance in staphylococci. Four strains of
Staphylococcus aureus
were tested as unknowns on 10 different days in each laboratory using the recently recommended CLSI (formerly NCCLS) disk diffusion method and the inoculum purity control method. Strains contained either macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS
B
) resistance genes encoded by
erm
(A) or
erm
(C) or a macrolide resistance efflux pump encoded by
msr
(A). Based upon the results of this study, strain UT 32 (now designated ATCC strain BAA-977) containing
erm
(A) is recommended as the positive control organism for inducible clindamycin resistance. Strain UT 25 (now designated ATCC BAA-976), which harbors the efflux pump encoded by
msr
(A), is recommended as the negative control organism.
Development, Technical Performance, and Clinical Evaluation of a NucliSens Basic Kit Application for Detection of Enterovirus RNA in Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Ginocchio Christine C. , Zhang Frank , Malhotra Amisha , Manji Ryhana , Sillekens Peter , Foolen Helma , Overdyk Marlieke , Peeters Margot 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

The combination of nucleic acid sequence-based amplification and electrochemiluminescence detection was used to develop an internally controlled, highly sensitive and specific assay for the detection of enterovirus (EV) RNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The analytical performance of the assay was determined using both in vitro-transcribed EV RNAs and viral culture isolates. The sensitivity of the assay was 10 EV RNA copies per amplification reaction. The assay detected all enteroviral isolates tested with no cross-reactivity to 21 nonenteroviral species, including rhinovirus and parechovirus. The clinical performance of the assay was evaluated by testing 992 CSF specimens collected from adult and pediatric patients. NucliSens EV results from a subset of 327 CSF samples were compared to viral culture of nasopharyngeal specimens and rectal swabs (
n
= 195) and/or CSF (
n
= 212). Of the 212 CSF samples, 96 samples were positive by either the NucliSens EV assay (94/96; 97.9%) or culture (63/96; 65.6%), and 61/96 (63.5%) were positive by both methods. The inclusion of an EV-specific internal control monitored the entire process, including the efficiency of nucleic acid extraction, amplification, and detection. In total, only five blood-clotted CSF samples (0.5%) were inhibited. The NucliSens EV assay demonstrated superior sensitivity over viral culture (
P
< 0.001), excellent specificity, clear delineation of positive samples, and minimal amplification inhibition.
Comparison of Two Commercial Assays for Detection of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Cervical Scrape Specimens: Validation of the Roche AMPLICOR HPV Test as a Means To Screen for HPV Genotypes Associated with a Higher Risk of Cervical Disorders
Authors: van Ham Maaike A. P. C. , Bakkers Judith M. J. E. , Harbers Gonneke K. , Quint Wim G. V. , Massuger Leon F. A. G. , Melchers Willem J. G. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTCertain high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) types are a necessary cause for the development of cervical disorders. Women with persistent HR HPV infections have an increased risk of developing high-grade cervical lesions, compared with those who have no or low-risk HPV infections. Therefore, implementation of HPV detection into cervical screening programs might identify women at risk of cervical cancer. Several HPV detection methods with different sensitivities and specificities are available. Recently, a new PCR-based technique, the Roche AMPLICOR HPV Test, was developed. This test recognizes a group of 13 HR HPV types simultaneously. This study was undertaken to validate and compare HPV detection in 573 cervical scrape specimens by the AMPLICOR HPV Test and the INNO-LiPA HPV detection/genotyping assay (SPF10-LiPA system version 1). Human β-globin was not detected in nine specimens, which were therefore excluded from the comparison. Eleven scrape specimens containing HPV type 53 or 66 were also excluded from the comparison because these (probably) HR HPV types cannot be detected by the AMPLICOR HPV Test. The results of HPV detection by the Roche AMPLICOR HPV Test were confirmed by INNO-LiPA HPV detection/genotyping assay in 539/553 cases, showing an absolute agreement of 97.5% with a Cohen's kappa of 0.9327, indicating almost complete similarity of the two tests. Like the INNO-LiPA HPV detection/genotyping assay, the AMPLICOR HPV Test was sensitive, specific, feasible, and easy to handle. The value of the Roche AMPLICOR HPV Test with a broad-spectrum HR HPV detection has to be determined in prospective clinical studies.
Prospective Study of the Prevalence, Genotyping, and Clinical Relevance of
Dientamoeba fragilis
Infections in an Australian Population
Authors: Stark D. , Beebe N. , Marriott D. , Ellis J. , Harkness J. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

A prospective study was conducted over a 30-month period, in which fecal specimens from 6,750 patients were submitted to the Department of Microbiology at St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia. Trophozoites of
Dientamoeba fragilis
were detected in 60 (0.9%) patients by permanent staining, and confirmation was performed by PCR. Gastrointestinal symptoms were present in all patients, with diarrhea and abdominal pain the most common symptoms. Thirty-two percent of patients presented with chronic symptoms. The average age of infected patients was 39.8 years. No correlation was found between
D. fragilis
and
Enterobius vermicularis
, a proposed vector of transmission for
D. fragilis
. The genetic diversity of 50
D. fragilis
isolates was examined by PCR, and the PCR products were analyzed for the presence of restriction fragment length polymorphisms. These results showed no variation in the small-subunit rRNA gene and demonstrated a single genotype for all Australian isolates. This study shows the potential pathogenic properties of
D. fragilis
and the need for all laboratories to routinely test for this organism.