bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of Urinary Activity of 18F-Flotufolastat-PET/CT in Patients with Prostate Cancer: a Post Hoc Analysis of the LIGHTHOUSE and SPOTLIGHT Studies
Authors: Kuo Phillip H. , Hermsen Rick , Penny Ross , Postema Ernst J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the impact of urinary activity on interpretation of 18F-flotufolastat (18F-rhPSMA-7.3) PET/CT, we conducted a post hoc qualitative and quantitative analysis of scans acquired in two phase 3 studies of 18F-flotufolastat.

Procedures
Newly diagnosed or recurrent prostate cancer patients enrolled in LIGHTHOUSE (NCT04186819) or SPOTLIGHT (NCT04186845), respectively, underwent PET/CT 50–70 min after intravenous administration of 296 MBq 18F-flotufolastat. For the present analysis, 718 18F-flotufolastat scans (352 from LIGHTHOUSE and 366 from SPOTLIGHT) were re-evaluated by three board-certified nuclear medicine physicians. Reader 1 performed a quantitative assessment (SUVmax and SUVmean) of bladder activity in a circular region-of-interest over the maximum diameter of bladder activity in the transverse plane. All three readers qualitatively assessed the impact of any urinary activity in the bladder on image interpretation using a three-point scale (0 = no/minimal visible urinary activity, 1 = urinary activity visible but distinction between urine and disease possible and 2 = assessment inhibited by urinary activity) and the presence/absence of ureteric activity and halo artifacts.

Results
In total, 712/718 scans were evaluable. Reasons for exclusion were cystectomy, renal failure, or urinary catheter in situ (n = 2 each). The median bladder SUVmax and SUVmean were 17.1 and 12.5, respectively. By majority read, 682/712 (96%) patients had either no urinary activity (score = 0) or visible activity that could be distinguished from disease uptake (score = 1). In the minority of patients (24, 3.4%) where urinary activity did impact assessment (score = 2), the median bladder SUVmean was higher (20.5) than those scored 0 (3.8) or 1 (14.0). Ureteric activity was absent in 401 (56%) patients. Halo artifacts were observed in only two (0.3%) patients (majority read).

Conclusions
18F-Flotufolastat urinary activity did not influence disease assessment for the majority of patients. While this study was not designed as a head-to-head comparison, the median bladder SUVs are lower than previously reported values for other renally cleared PSMA-PET radiopharmaceuticals.
The iBuddy experience: A digital simulation-based approach to enhance secondary school students’ privacy awareness
Authors: Botturi Luca , Fioroni Tiffany , Beretta Chiara , Andreoletti Davide , Ferrari Alessandro , Cardoso Felipe , Picco-Schwendener Anna , Marazza Suzanna , Giordano Silvia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPrivacy is a central issue in the digitalization of society and directly concerns all Internet users. Privacy education is part of the picture of a more just digital society: it aims at making users more aware of the importance of their data and of the technical and financial tools and processes that involve their personal data. Nonetheless, privacy education is confronted with a paradox: while people perceive the importance of privacy, they seldom take action to actually protect their personal data. iBuddy is a narrative simulation-based session inspired by research evidence about the privacy paradox and aims to (a) enhancing awareness and (b) promoting the uptake of privacy-safe behaviors for secondary and higher students (age range 11–20). The paper presents the design and development of the simulation and of the following modular debriefing, as a case study in evidence-based collaborative instructional design and in the instructional used of digital technology. The evaluation of iBuddy, which combined a post-session satisfaction and perceived learning survey (N = 978) and a follow-up survey (N = 124), provides insights in the novel domain of privacy education. Results suggests that iBuddy sessions are engaging, effective and conducive to medium-term behavioral change, thus indirectly confirming the design assumptions about how to tackle the privacy paradox through a simulation-based approach.
The relationship between anthropocentric beliefs and the moral status of a chimpanzee, humanoid robot, and cyborg person: the mediating role of the assignment of mind and soul
Authors: Fortuna Paweł , Wróblewski Zbigniew , Gut Arkadiusz , Dutkowska Anna 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInspired by the supporters of posthumanism and transhumanism, the discussion on the status of human and non-human individuals motivates us to explore the psychological determinants of assigning a moral status (MS) to them. The article focuses on capturing the relationship between anthropocentrism and the MS of a chimpanzee, humanoid robot and cyborg person. In exploring this connection, it introduces the concepts of mind and soul as mediating variables. Three online studies were conducted, and the statistical analyses included data from a total of 732 participants aged 15–72 who were from Poland. The research shows that for each of the three characters, anthropocentrism was negatively correlated with MS, and its influence was mediated by the attribution of mind and soul. In relation to the humanoid robot, a direct relationship between anthropocentrism and MS has also been found, which is interesting in view of the discussion regarding the criteria for MS. On the other hand, the reported results for the cyborg person, which were partly contrary to expectations, need further exploration to better understand these types of entities, especially in the context of the increasing possibilities for the technological enhancement of human beings.
Roman Republican coarse ware from Norba, Southern Lazio (Italy): a multi-analytical study of production technology and trade
Authors: Borgers Barbara , Ionescu Corina , Gál Ágnes , De Haas Tymon , Barbu-Tudoran Lucian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe first objective of this paper is to reconstruct the production technology of fourth–first centuries BCE coarse ware from surveys near the ancient town of Norba in the Lepini Mountains of Southern Lazio, Italy, adopting a multi-analytical method, combining macroscopic observation with polarised light optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The second objective of this study is to gain insight into Norba’s integration in broader production and distribution networks in Southern Lazio between the fourth–first centuries BCE, by comparing the results with previous data for coarse ware prevalent in the region at that time. The results indicate that the coarse ware from Norba was produced with Fe-rich, Ca-poor, and illite-muscovite clays and fired in an oxidising atmosphere between 750 and 900 °C. Differences among the coarse ware exist in the paste recipes, e.g. intentionally added temper. Most coarse ware from Norba bears compositional similarities to that from the Alban Hills and the Tiber Valley, north of Rome, suggesting that Norba was integrated into the marketing of pottery that was common in Southern Lazio during the fourth–first centuries BCE. In comparison, only a few coarse wares seem to have been produced in the surrounding area (e.g. Satricum and Forum Appii), or even locally in Norba. The results further indicate changes in these regional/local distribution networks; some coarse ware seems to have been imported from Satricum, where a workshop was active during the fourth century BCE. When ceramic production at Satricum ceased, potters settled in the towns of Forum Appii and Norba, where they produced ceramic building material and fine ware in the second–first centuries BCE, respectively. The results of this study tentatively suggest that potters in these locations may have also manufactured coarse ware during this period.
Selection of consistent breath biomarkers of abnormal liver function using feature selection: a pilot study
Authors: Patnaik Rakesh Kumar , Lin Yu-Chen , Ho Ming Chih , Yeh J. Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Breath profiling has gained importance in recent years as it is a non-invasive technique to identify biomarkers for various diseases. Breath profiling of abnormal liver function in individuals for identifying potential biomarkers in exhaled breath could be a useful diagnostic tool. The objective of this study was to identify potential biomarkers in exhaled breath that remain stable and consistent during different physiological states, including rest and brief workouts, intending to develop a non-invasive diagnostic tool for detecting abnormal liver function.

Method
Our study employed a gas chromatography and mass-spectrometer quantified dataset for analysis. Machine learning techniques, including feature selection and model training, were used to rank and evaluate potential biomarkers' contributions to the model's performance. Statistical methods were applied to filter significant and consistent biomarkers. The final selected biomarkers were iterated for all possible combinations using machine learning algorithms to determine their accuracy range. Furthermore, classification models were used to evaluate the performance metrics of the biomarkers and compare models.

Result
The final selected biomarkers, including 2-Myristynoyl Pantetheine, Pterin-6 Carboxylic Acid, Methyl Mercaptan, N-Acetyl Cysteine, and Butyric Acid, exhibited stable levels in exhaled breath during different physiological states. They showed high accuracy and precision in detecting abnormal liver function. Our machine learning models achieved an accuracy rate ranging from 0.7 to 0.95 in all conditions, with precision, recall, prediction probability, and a 95% confidence interval ranging from 0.84 to 0.94, using various combinations of these biomarkers.

Conclusion
Our statistical and machine learning analysis identified significant and potential biomarkers that contribute to the detection of abnormal liver function. These biomarkers were consistent across different physiological states of the body in both patient and healthy groups. The use of breath samples and feature selection machine learning methods proved to be an accurate and reliable approach for identifying these biomarkers. Our findings provide valuable insights for future research in this field and can inform the development of non-invasive and cost-effective diagnostic tests for liver disease.
One dimensional equisymmetric strata in moduli space with genus 1 quotient surfaces
Authors: Broughton S. Allen , Costa Antonio F. , Izquierdo Milagros 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe complex orbifold structure of the moduli space of Riemann surfaces of genus g ($$g\ge 2$$

g
≥
2

) produces a stratification into complex subvarieties named equisymmetric strata. Each equisymmetric stratum is formed by the surfaces where the group of automorphisms acts in a topologically equivalent way. The Riemann surfaces in the equisymmetric strata of dimension one are of two structurally different types. Type 1 equisymmetric strata correspond to Riemann surfaces where the group of automorphisms produces a quotient surface of genus zero, while those of Type 2 appear when such a quotient is a surface of genus one. Type 1 equisymmetric strata have been extensively studied by the authors of the present work in a previous recent paper, we now focus on Type 2 strata. We first establish the existence of such strata and their frequency of occurrence in moduli spaces. As a main result we obtain a complete description of Type 2 strata as coverings of the sphere branched over three points (Belyi curves) and where certain isolated points (punctures) have to be eliminated. Finally, we study in detail the doubly infinite family of Type 2 strata whose automorphism groups have order the product of two primes.
Salvia africana-lutea L.: a review of ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology applications and future prospects
Authors: Ezema Chinonso Anthony , Aguchem Rita Ngozi , Aham Emmanuel Chigozie , Ezeorba Wisdom Favour Chinedu , Okagu Innocent Uzochukwu , Ezeorba Timothy Prince Chidike 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPlants are nature’s reserve for vitality and health-boosting agents. Despite ever-rising interest and research on plant medicinal chemistry, many stones are still being left unturned. Moreover, many traditional medicinal plants are yet to be discovered or functionally characterized. This study presented an up-to-date review of a poorly explored member of the Salvia genus indigenous to Africa—Salvia africana-luteaL. (synonymous withSalvia aureaL.) with details on its geographical distribution, ethnobotany, and pharmacological applications. We reviewed all literature published onSalvia africana-luteaup to January 2023, retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect as primary databases and google scholar as the secondary source. From our literature search, we found 38 documents published on S. africana-lutea, despite the popularity of the Salvia genus as a medicinal plant (having over 15,000 articles published to date). From the retrieved literature, only a few studies focused on exploiting the ethnobotanical features of the plants, such as the morphology, flowering and existence, and nature of its trichomes. Some studies have reportedS. africana-lutea as an excellent source of essential oils trapped within their leaf trichomes with numerous phytochemicals and bioactivities. Other studies have reported some interesting pharmacological activities of plant extracts and isolated phytochemicals, such as their antimicrobial, anti-oxidative, analgesic, antipyretic, anticancer, cytotoxic, and other bioactivities. We identified some limitations of the few published studies, highlighting future research needs that should draw more scientific interest to foster more study on this under-explored and valuable plant species ofSalvia, to harness its medicinal and industrial potential fully.
A fatal course of COVID-19 during the Omicron surge: can you estimate your patients’ SARS-CoV-2 immune status?
Authors: Mersch Martin , Schlabe Stefan , Breitschwerdt Sven , Laufenberg Judith , Emmert Dorian , Aldabbagh Souhaib , Boesecke Christoph , Monin Malte Benedikt 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe present a case of an ultimately fatal course of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-19) in an 81-year-old female patient during the Omicron surge. The patient did not represent the typical patient at risk for severe COVID-19 with significant causes of immunodeficiency. However, she had been skeptical about the vaccination for severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and had refused it. Moreover, there had been no previous COVID-19 episodes. Our case report illustrates that with regard to SARS-CoV-2, immunologically naive patients are still at risk for severe and/or even fatal courses of COVID-19. We call to implement both, recommendations for SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations as well as for antiviral treatment.
Multiphase Interfacial Regulation Based on Hierarchical Porous Molybdenum Selenide to Build Anticorrosive and Multiband Tailorable Absorbers
Authors: Zhao Tianbao , Jia Zirui , Liu Jinkun , Zhang Yan , Wu Guanglei , Yin Pengfei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElectromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials have an irreplaceable position in the field of military stealth as well as in the field of electromagnetic pollution control. And in order to cope with the complex electromagnetic environment, the design of multifunctional and multiband high efficiency EMW absorbers remains a tremendous challenge. In this work, we designed a three-dimensional porous structure via the salt melt synthesis strategy to optimize the impedance matching of the absorber. Also, through interfacial engineering, a molybdenum carbide transition layer was introduced between the molybdenum selenide nanoparticles and the three-dimensional porous carbon matrix to improve the absorption behavior of the absorber. The analysis indicates that the number and components of the heterogeneous interfaces have a significant impact on the EMW absorption performance of the absorber due to mechanisms such as interfacial polarization and conduction loss introduced by interfacial engineering. Wherein, the prepared MoSe2/MoC/PNC composites showed excellent EMW absorption performance in C, X, and Ku bands, especially exhibiting a reflection loss of − 59.09 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.96 GHz at 1.9 mm. The coordination between structure and components endows the absorber with strong absorption, broad bandwidth, thin thickness, and multi-frequency absorption characteristics. Remarkably, it can effectively reinforce the marine anticorrosion property of the epoxy resin coating on Q235 steel substrate. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between interfacial engineering and the performance of EMW absorbers, and provides a reference for the design of multifunctional, multiband EMW absorption materials.
Core–Shell Microfiber Encapsulation Enables Glycerol-Free Cryopreservation of RBCs with High Hematocrit
Authors: Qin Xianhui , Chen Zhongrong , Shen Lingxiao , Liu Huilan , Ouyang Xilin , Zhao Gang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCryopreservation of red blood cells (RBCs) provides great potential benefits for providing transfusion timely in emergencies. High concentrations of glycerol (20% or 40%) are used for RBC cryopreservation in current clinical practice, which results in cytotoxicity and osmotic injuries that must be carefully controlled. However, existing studies on the low-glycerol cryopreservation of RBCs still suffer from the bottleneck of low hematocrit levels, which require relatively large storage space and an extra concentration process before transfusion, making it inconvenient (time-consuming, and also may cause injury and sample lose) for clinical applications. To this end, we develop a novel method for the glycerol-free cryopreservation of human RBCs with a high final hematocrit by using trehalose as the sole cryoprotectant to dehydrate RBCs and using core–shell alginate hydrogel microfibers to enhance heat transfer during cryopreservation. Different from previous studies, we achieve the cryopreservation of human RBCs at high hematocrit (> 40%) with high recovery (up to 95%). Additionally, the washed RBCs post-cryopreserved are proved to maintain their morphology, mechanics, and functional properties. This may provide a nontoxic, high-efficiency, and glycerol-free approach for RBC cryopreservation, along with potential clinical transfusion benefits.
Ionization Engineering of Hydrogels Enables Highly Efficient Salt-Impeded Solar Evaporation and Night-Time Electricity Harvesting
Authors: He Nan , Wang Haonan , Zhang Haotian , Jiang Bo , Tang Dawei , Li Lin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInterfacial solar evaporation holds immense potential for brine desalination with low carbon footprints and high energy utilization. Hydrogels, as a tunable material platform from the molecular level to the macroscopic scale, have been considered the most promising candidate for solar evaporation. However, the simultaneous achievement of high evaporation efficiency and satisfactory tolerance to salt ions in brine remains a challenging scientific bottleneck, restricting the widespread application. Herein, we report ionization engineering, which endows polymer chains of hydrogels with electronegativity for impeding salt ions and activating water molecules, fundamentally overcoming the hydrogel salt-impeded challenge and dramatically expediting water evaporating in brine. The sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate-modified carbon black is chosen as the solar absorbers. The hydrogel reaches a ground-breaking evaporation rate of 2.9 kg m−2 h−1 in 20 wt% brine with 95.6% efficiency under one sun irradiation, surpassing most of the reported literature. More notably, such a hydrogel-based evaporator enables extracting clean water from oversaturated salt solutions and maintains durability under different high-strength deformation or a 15-day continuous operation. Meantime, on the basis of the cation selectivity induced by the electronegativity, we first propose an all-day system that evaporates during the day and generates salinity-gradient electricity using waste-evaporated brine at night, anticipating pioneer a new opportunity for all-day resource-generating systems in fields of freshwater and electricity.
Understanding Bridging Sites and Accelerating Quantum Efficiency for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Wang Kangwang , Hu Zhuofeng , Yu Peifeng , Balu Alina M. , Li Kuan , Li Longfu , Zeng Lingyong , Zhang Chao , Luque Rafael , Yan Kai , Luo Huixia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe report a novel double-shelled nanoboxes photocatalyst architecture with tailored interfaces that accelerate quantum efficiency for photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) via Mo–S bridging bonds sites in Sv–In2S3@2H–MoTe2. The X-ray absorption near-edge structure shows that the formation of Sv–In2S3@2H–MoTe2 adjusts the coordination environment via interface engineering and forms Mo–S polarized sites at the interface. The interfacial dynamics and catalytic behavior are clearly revealed by ultrafast femtosecond transient absorption, time-resolved, and in situ diffuse reflectance–Infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. A tunable electronic structure through steric interaction of Mo–S bridging bonds induces a 1.7-fold enhancement in Sv–In2S3@2H–MoTe2(5) photogenerated carrier concentration relative to pristine Sv–In2S3. Benefiting from lower carrier transport activation energy, an internal quantum efficiency of 94.01% at 380 nm was used for photocatalytic CO2RR. This study proposes a new strategy to design photocatalyst through bridging sites to adjust the selectivity of photocatalytic CO2RR.
Layered Potassium Titanium Niobate/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite as a Potassium-Ion Battery Anode
Authors: Nason Charlie A. F. , Vijaya Kumar Saroja Ajay Piriya , Lu Yi , Wei Runzhe , Han Yupei , Xu Yang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith graphite currently leading as the most viable anode for potassium-ion batteries (KIBs), other materials have been left relatively under-examined. Transition metal oxides are among these, with many positive attributes such as synthetic maturity, long-term cycling stability and fast redox kinetics. Therefore, to address this research deficiency we report herein a layered potassium titanium niobate KTiNbO5 (KTNO) and its rGO nanocomposite (KTNO/rGO) synthesised via solvothermal methods as a high-performance anode for KIBs. Through effective distribution across the electrically conductive rGO, the electrochemical performance of the KTNO nanoparticles was enhanced. The potassium storage performance of the KTNO/rGO was demonstrated by its first charge capacity of 128.1 mAh g−1 and reversible capacity of 97.5 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 20 mA g−1, retaining 76.1% of the initial capacity, with an exceptional rate performance of 54.2 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1. Furthermore, to investigate the attributes of KTNO in-situ XRD was performed, indicating a low-strain material. Ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectra further investigated the mechanism of charge storage, with the titanium showing greater redox reversibility than the niobium. This work suggests this low-strain nature is a highly advantageous property and well worth regarding KTNO as a promising anode for future high-performance KIBs.