bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benign outcome of RSV infection in children with cancer
Authors: Cole Peter D. , Suh Jin S. , Onel Kenan , Stiles Jeffrey , Armstrong Donald , Dunkel Ira J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundHigh case‐fatality rates have been reported among adults who develop respiratory syncytical virus (RSV) infection while being treated for oncologic diseases, particularly after bone marrow transplantation. Previous reports of RSV infection among children with primary and acquired immunodeficiencies describe increased morbidity compared with that seen in immunocompetent children, but there have been few reports describing the outcome of RSV infection specifically among pediatric oncology patients.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the charts of all children being treated by the Pediatric Oncology Service at Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center who had positive tests for RSV between the Fall of 1994 and the Spring of 1998. Patients on the BMT Service were excluded from this analysis.ResultsEighteen RSV infections were identified among pediatric oncology patients, who were being treated with aggressive, predominantly alkylator‐based chemotherapy for a variety of oncologic diagnoses. Nine episodes of RSV infection (50%) were treated with specific antiviral therapy. Only one death less than 100 days from the diagnosis of RSV infection occurred among these 18 patients and was attributed to progressive leukemia. The remaining patients recovered fully, although three were readmitted with respiratory symptoms within two weeks of discharge. Seven patients had concurrent infection with other pathogenic organisms.ConclusionsIn striking contrast with the outcome of RSV infection in adult oncology patients, there may be low mortality associated with RSV infection in pediatric oncology patients. It is possible that scheduled anti‐neoplastic therapy need not be delayed for these patients when the diagnosis of RSV infection is made. Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 37:24–29, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term breast cancer survivors: confidentiality, disclosure, effects on work and insurance
Authors: Stewart D.E. , Cheung A.M. , Duff S. , Wong F. , McQuestion M. , Cheng T. , Purdy L. , Bunston T. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAs more women are diagnosed with breast cancer, more will survive the illness from a few years to a lifetime. This study sought to determine the experience of Canadian breast cancer survivors with respect to the impact of cancer on confidentiality, work and insurance.Method: Women who had survived breast cancer without recurrence for at least 2 years completed a mail survey about the effect of their illness on confidentiality, disclosure, work and insurance.Results: 378 (75.6%) women breast cancer survivors responded to the survey. Their mean age was 61.0±10.9 years, and 67.6% had been recurrence free for more than 5 years. The majority of women rated hospital staff, family doctors, family, friends, and support groups at the highest possible level of confidentiality. Over 70% of survivors disclosed their diagnosis to friends, children, siblings, and partners, while over 50% disclosed to work colleagues and supervisors. However, over 40% felt cancer had altered their priorities or progress at work, and 5% were afraid to change jobs in case they became ill again. There was a lack of knowledge about insurance but, of the types of insurance identified, life insurance (17.9%), extended health insurance (7.7%), and private disability insurance (4.4%) were reported to have been refused or offered only with higher premiums as a result of a past diagnosis of breast cancer.Discussion: A substantial minority of women perceived that cancer had substantially affected their personal and work lives. Although most felt their illness confidentiality was well protected and they disclosed freely to family, friends, and work, over 40% of women survivors reported that cancer had affected their work in various ways, and nearly 20% identified insurance problems. It appears that disclosure sometimes results in negative work and insurance experiences.Conclusions: Health professionals and cancer survivors should engage in education about the potential positive and negative effects of disclosure, and advocacy against cancer‐based work and insurance discrimination. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychological issues among children of hereditary breast cancer gene (BRCA1/2) testing participants
Authors: Tercyak Kenneth P. , Peshkin Beth N. , Streisand Randi , Lerman Caryn 
Published: September 2002

AbstractChildren growing up in hereditary breast cancer families may experience diminished psychological well‐being. In addition to coping with having a cancer‐affected parent or close relatives, these children may focus on their own health risks in light of shared genetic information. While knowledge of a parent's BRCA1/2 negative status may allay a subset of children's worries and fears about cancer, others could experience distressing thought patterns over positive test results. The purpose of this preliminary study is to explore conceptions of health, cancer risk, and psychological adjustment among children in families suggestive of carrying BRCA1/2 susceptibility genes. As part of a longitudinal investigation of the outcomes of BRCA1/2 testing in adults, 20 children of a highly select group of 15 mothers (80% previously affected by breast/ovarian cancer) completed a self‐report survey of their beliefs and opinions regarding cancer and genetic testing, stress and worry about cancer, and anxiety, depression, and behavior problems. All information was completed at baseline, prior to the mother's receipt of her genetic test result. The data did not suggest unusually elevated cancer worries or psychological adjustment problems in these children at this point in the parental genetic testing process. However, children with more psychological distress symptoms did experience more frequent thoughts of becoming sick and greater cancer worries. To the extent that learning about a parent's positive test result could exacerbate these tendencies, recommendations to promote child psychological and family communications research that monitor such responses are offered. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of quaternary ammonium pesticides
Authors: Evans Catherine S , Startin James R , Goodall David M , Keely Brendan J 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA detailed MSn study on an ion trap instrument of the quaternary ammonium pesticides paraquat, diquat, difenzoquat, mepiquat and chlormequat reveals a number of ions not reported previously, and has allowed examination of the fragmentation pathways. A number of transitions that are highly specific to each quat have been identified. Optimal ion trap operating conditions determined using Simplex optimisation can promote either detection of a particular fragmentation transition or a range of MS/MS product ions with a high overall signal response. Thus, fragmentation conditions were optimised to enhance the specificity or sensitivity of MS/MS methods. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microstructure and properties of Fe–N/Ti–N magnetic multilayers
Authors: Lu Xin‐Chun , Shi Bing , Li Ming , Luo Jianbin , Li Lawrence K.Y. , Chang Xiangrong , Tian Zhongzhuo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn the search for a better write head to be used in high‐density magnetic storage systems, Fe–N/Ti–N magnetic multilayers with different thickness Fe–N layers and 2 nm thickness Ti–N layers were prepared by magnetron sputtering. The multilayer structures and magnetic properties were characterized with low‐angle scattering, high‐angle x‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and magnetometry. Microhardness and the reduced modulus of the multilayer were measured by using a nanoindenter with a diamond tip in conjunction with AFM. The result of low‐angle x‐ray scattering of the multilayer shows that it has a periodic structure with sharp, flat interfaces. The structure of an Fe–N/Ti–N periodic multilayer has better mechanical properties than a single‐layered Fe–N film while retaining excellent soft magnetic properties. Among the samples studied, the Fe–N(5 nm)/Ti–N(2 nm) multilayer has the best general properties. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Degradation effect of a ZnO layer on ZnS: comparison between a Monte Carlo simulation and experimental Auger and CL measurements
Authors: Swart H. C. , Greeff A. P. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSurface reactions occur on the ZnS:Cu,Al,Au surface during prolonged electron bombardment forming a non‐luminescent ZnO layer with consequent loss in cathodoluminescence (CL) intensity. The layer is formed according to the electron‐stimulated surface chemical reaction (ESSCR) mechanism. There is a direct correlation between the power emitted as luminescence and the energy loss of the electron beam. The electron energy loss within the ZnS was determined by using the Monte Carlo algorithm CASINO, which is a publicly available code. By determining the energy loss, the influence of a non‐luminescent ZnO layer of varying thickness on a ZnS substrate on the CL intensity was simulated. These results were compared also with previous calculations that were based on the results of experiments done on the transmission of electrons through thin films. The energy loss within the ZnS as function of the ZnO thickness was determined at beam voltages of 1, 2 and 5 keV. The results obtained correlate with experimental CL measurements of the phosphor degradation during electron bombardment. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reversible light‐induced wettability of fluorine‐containing azobenzene‐derived Langmuir–Blodgett films
Authors: Feng Chuan Liang , Jin Jian , Zhang Yan Jie , Song Yan Lin , Xie Lian Ying , Qu Gui Rong , Xu Yu , Jiang Lei 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAn azobenzene derivative [4‐(6‐oxo‐hexacarboxylic acid)‐3′‐trifluoromethyl‐azobenzene] was synthesized and transferred onto a solid substrate by the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) technique. The films undergo reversible wettability changes upon irradiation with ultraviolet (UV, 365 ± 10 nm) and visible (436 ± 10 nm) light. This property of reversible wettability of the LB film is confirmed directly by contact angle measurement, UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results suggest that the wettability change is due to a photoinduced surface energy change. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adsorbate‐induced reconstructions and nanostructures on high‐index copper surfaces
Authors: Wee A. T. S. , Guo Y. P. , Tan K. C. , Wang H. Q. , Leong T. K. , Huan C. H. A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractHigh‐index copper surfaces generally show a strong tendency to reconstruct, forming one‐ or even two‐dimensional periodic nanostructures. In this paper, a survey will be presented of the various oxygen‐induced reconstructions reported on high‐index copper surfaces. In particular, the reconstructions of the Cu(210)–O system are presented, as revealed by low‐energy electron diffraction (LEED) and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). The adsorption of oxygen leads to a series of (n × 1) (n = 4,3,2) surface reconstructions, the Cu(210)–(2 × 1)O structure being the most stable. Quantitative LEED analysis confirms an added row model comprising Cu — O — Cu rows along the [001] direction on the topmost layer with oxygen at the long bridge sites. A range of faceting behaviour and nanostructure formation is also observed for the Cu(210)–O and Cu(210)–Br systems, and compared with other high‐ and low‐index Cu surfaces. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investment Performance of International Mutual Funds
Authors: Droms William G. , Walker David A. 
Published: August 2002

In this paper we add several new perspectives to the growing body of empirical evidence on the investment performance of international mutua1 funds by applying a pooled cross- sectional/time-series regression methodology to a large data base over an extended period. Risk-adjusted and unadjusted investment returns are not related to whether a fund is load or no-load, and asset size, expense ratios, and turnover rates are not related to investment performance. We find no reward for paying a load fee when investing in mutual funds. It is noteworthy that performance is not affected by fund size, given the explosive growth of international mutual funds. The Journal of Financial Research, Spring 1994 , XVII(I):l-14. (Reprinted with permission of The Journal of Financial Research.)
Interleukin‐6 levels in umbilical artery serum in normal and abnormal pregnancies
Authors: Galazios G , Papazoglou D , Giagloglou K , Vassaras G , Maltezos E , Anastasiadis P 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjective: The aim of our study was to determine the correlation of abnormal umbilical artery interleukin‐6 levels with pregnancies complicated by preterm delivery and pre‐eclampsia. Method: Cord serum (umbilical artery) was collected at delivery by cesarean section or spontaneous delivery. Samples were retrieved from patients with normal and abnormal pregnancies. Patients were divided into three groups: group 1, a control group of samples from uncomplicated pregnancies (n=24); group 2, patients with pre‐eclampsia (n=21); and group 3, patients having had preterm delivery (n=29). Interleukin‐6 was measured by bioassays. Statistics were performed with the Mann–Whitney U‐, Student's t‐ and the Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results: Interleukin‐6 levels in women with preterm delivery were statistically higher compared to those of normal pregnancies (P<0.05) and lower in the cord serum of pre‐eclamptic when compared to those of normal pregnancies (P<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, we believe that further investigations could elucidate the role of this pleiotropic cytokine in both, normal and pathologic reproductive biology, and determine the clinical utility of IL‐6 measurements in obstetric practice.
Randomized trial of isosorbide mononitrate versus misoprostol for cervical ripening at term
Authors: Chanrachakul B. , Herabutya Y. , Punyavachira P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectives: To assess the adverse effects of isosorbide mononitrate (IMN) compared with misoprostol for cervical ripening at term. Methods: One hundred and seven women with term pregnancies referred for induction of labor with Bishop scores of 6 or less were randomly allocated to receive either a 40‐mg IMN tablet vaginally (n=55) or 50 μg misoprostol vaginally (n=52) every 6 h for a maximum of three doses. They were sent to the labor ward for amniotomy or oxytocin if either their Bishop scores were more than 6 or their cervices were not ripe 24 h after the treatment. Adverse effects, progress, and outcomes of labor were assessed. Results: Isosorbide mononitrate was associated with fewer adverse effects especially uterine tachysystole (0 vs. 19.2%, P<0.01) and hyperstimulation (0 vs. 15.4%, P<0.01). The time from start of medication to vaginal delivery in IMN group was significantly longer (25.6±6.1 vs. 14±6.9 h, P<0.01). Oxytocin was needed in 51 women (92%) of the isosorbide mononitrate group and six women (11%) of the misoprostol group (P<0.001). The cesarean rate was not significantly different between the groups, but the major indications were different: dystocia (45%) in the IMN group vs. persistent non‐reassuring fetal heart rate pattern (56%) in the misoprostol group. Conclusions: Cervical ripening with IMN resulted in fewer adverse effects, but was less effective than misoprostol.
Clinical outcomes of pregnancy with one elevated glucose tolerance test value
Authors: Kim H.S. , Chang K.H. , Yang J.I. , Yang S.C. , Lee H.J. , Ryu H.S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjective: To evaluate clinical outcomes of pregnancies with one elevated glucose tolerance test. Methods: We performed a 50 g glucose challenge test (GCT) in 5019 pregnant women at 24–28 weeks of gestation. In 1170 women with plasma glucose levels over 130 mg/dl, a 100 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at 28–32 weeks of gestation. During follow‐up, 282 patients were lost and in the 888 cases that were followed‐up, 189 were excluded because of GDM. Therefore 699 study patients were divided into four groups: No Elevated group (NE, N=577) with all four normal 100 g OGTT values, and Groups 1 (N=16), 2 (N=35), and 3 (N=71) with one elevated 100 g OGTT value after 1, 2 and 3 h, respectively. Results: Poor maternal outcomes (NE group, Group 1, Group 2, Group 3: 17.5%, 37.6%, 22.9%, 25.3%) with pre‐eclampsia, cesarean delivery for cephalopelvic disproportion, failure to progress, or fetal distress, was highest in Group 1 (odds ratio 2.94; 95% confidence interval 1.02–8.42). Poor perinatal outcomes (15.8%, 43.1%, 14.3%, 21.1%) with any one of the following; fetal distress, Apgar score of <7 at 5 min, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress syndrome, small for gestational age and perinatal death, was also highest in Group 1 (odds ratio 4.24; 95% confidence interval 1.02–17.52). Conclusion: Pregnancies with one elevated glucose tolerance test value after 1 h exhibited increased adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes compared with the group with all normal OGTT values or the groups with an elevated glucose tolerance test value after 2 or 3 h.
Primipaternity and duration of exposure to sperm antigens as risk factors for pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Verwoerd G.R , Hall D.R , Grové D , Maritz J.S , Odendaal H.J 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjective: To establish whether primipaternity and duration of unprotected sexual cohabitation is associated with an increased risk of pre‐eclampsia. Method: At a tertiary referral center, the study had a case and control group of 60 multigravid women each, as well as a case and control group of 50 primigravid women each. Information was compiled by means of a confidential questionnaire. Result: After multiple logistic regression analysis using age, smoking, hypertension in previous pregnancies, change of paternity and duration of unprotected sexual cohabitation as predictors, the regression coefficients for change of paternity and sexual cohabitation of longer than 6 months in multigravid women were −0.4 (P=0.15) and −1.4 (P=0.03), respectively. Conclusion: Multigravid women with a period of unprotected sexual cohabitation of longer than 6 months had a decreased risk of pre‐eclampsia. Primipaternity was not a significant risk factor for pre‐eclampsia.
Functional MRI and the Study of Human Consciousness
Authors: Lloyd Dan 
Published: August 2002

Abstract
Functional brain imaging offers new opportunities for the study of that most pervasive of cognitive conditions, human consciousness. Since consciousness is attendant to so much of human cognitive life, its study requires secondary analysis of multiple experimental datasets. Here, four preprocessed datasets from the National fMRI Data Center are considered: Hazeltine et al., Neural activation during response competition; Ishai et al., The representation of objects in the human occipital and temporal cortex; Mechelli et al., The effects of presentation rate during word and pseudoword reading; and Postle et al., Activity in human frontal cortex associated with spatial working memory and saccadic behavior. The study of consciousness also draws from multiple disciplines. In this article, the philosophical subdiscipline of phenomenology provides initial characterization of phenomenal structures conceptually necessary for an analysis of consciousness. These structures include phenomenal intentionality, phenomenal superposition, and experienced temporality. The empirical predictions arising from these structures require new interpretive methods for their confirmation. These methods begin with single-subject (preprocessed) scan series, and consider the patterns of all voxels as potential multivariate encodings of phenomenal information. Twenty-seven subjects from the four studies were analyzed with multivariate methods, revealing analogues of phenomenal structures, particularly the structures of temporality. In a second interpretive approach, artificial neural networks were used to detect a more explicit prediction from phenomenology, namely, that present experience contains and is inflected by past states of awareness and anticipated events. In all of 21 subjects in this analysis, nets were successfully trained to extract aspects of relative past and future brain states, in comparison with statistically similar controls. This exploratory study thus concludes that the proposed methods for “neurophenomenology” warrant further application, including the exploration of individual differences, multivariate differences between cognitive task conditions, and exploration of specific brain regions possibly contributing to the observations. All of these attractive questions, however, must be reserved for future research.
Intact Motor Imagery in Chronic Upper Limb Hemiplegics: Evidence for Activity-Independent Action Representations
Authors: Johnson Scott H. , Sprehn Gwen , Saykin Andrew J. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract
Four experiments were undertaken to examine the effects of chronic hemiplegia on the ability to internally represent actions involving either the paralyzed (contralesional) or relatively unaffected (ipsilesional) limb. An experimental group of chronic, densely hemiplegic patients was compared with controls who experienced nearly full recovery from an initially dense hemiparesis. All participants suffered cerebral vascular accidents that spared sites in premotor and parietal areas directly involved in representing upper limb actions. Despite chronic limb immobility, hemiplegic patients performed all four tasks at a high level of accuracy and showed no differences in their ability to represent actions of the contralesional versus ipsilesional limbs. On tasks that involved representing actions of the hands and lower arms, hemiplegic patients were as accurate as recovered controls. Hemiplegic patients were, however, less accurate than controls on a task that involved representing actions of either upper arm. Overall, chronic hemiplegics performed more accurately for decisions based on their contralesional limbs: a “hemiplegic advantage” that may be related to an ongoing focus on planning and/or imagining currently impossible movements. These findings reveal a dissociation between the ability to internally “represent” versus “produce” manual actions. Further, they demonstrate that internal action representations can be robust to even years of limb disuse.