bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diurnal to Decadal Variability in Land Surface and Air Temperature Gradient from 2002 to 2022 over the Contiguous United States
Authors: Yu Kexing , Wang Kaicun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The surface and air temperature gradient (TS00 − Tair) drives the development of the convective boundary layer and the occurrence of clouds and precipitation. However, its variability is still poorly understood due to the lack of high-quality observations. This study fills in this gap by investigating the diurnal to decadal variability in TS00 − Tair from 2002 to 2022 based on hourly observations collected at over 100 stations of the U.S. Climate Reference Network. It is found that TS00 − Tair reaches its maximum at noon with an average of 6.85°C over the contiguous United States, which decreases to 4.28°C when the soil moisture exceeds 30%. The daily minimum of TS00 − Tair has an average of −2.08°C, which generally occurs in the early evening but is postponed as the cloud fraction decreases. Moreover, while existing studies have used the near-surface soil temperature, such as the 5-cm soil temperature (TS05), to calculate TS05 − Tair, we find that TS00 − Tair and TS05 − Tair have opposite diurnal cycles, and their amplitudes differed drastically. The daily minimum of TS00 − Tair has a significant decreasing trend (−0.50° ± 0.007°C decade−1) from 2002 to 2022 due to Tair increasing at a higher rate than TS00 during the nighttime. The occurrence frequency of near-surface stable conditions (TS00 − Tair < 0) increases significantly, and the frequency of unstable conditions (TS00 − Tair > 0) decreases notably throughout the year except for winter. When it is stable, the magnitude of TS00 − Tair tends to decrease while the TS00 − Tair tends to increase when it is unstable, which is consistent with the drying condition caused by the precipitation deficit. This study provides the first observational evidence on how TS00 − Tair responds to warming.

Significance Statement
The impact of global warming on surface-air temperature gradients is a crucial scientific issue that needs to be addressed. These gradients determine changes in cloud and precipitation, affecting water resources. However, traditional surface temperature measurements from weather stations are of high uncertainty due to direct exposure to the insolation. Satellite retrieval of surface temperature is limited by the availability of clear sky conditions, with low accuracy for temperature gradient calculations. Despite their importance, high-accuracy data of land surface temperature are still lacking. To address this issue, the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) uses infrared radiometers to continuously monitor surface temperature with high accuracy and sampling frequency. This study reports on surface-air temperature gradients at more than 100 U.S. stations, providing insight into diurnal to decadal variability over the contiguous United States. The study also highlights the significant difference between the land surface temperature–air temperature gradient and soil temperature–air temperature gradient.
The Turkana Jet Diurnal Cycle in Observations and Reanalysis
Authors: Munday Callum , Engelstaedter Sebastian , Washington Richard , Ogutu Geoffrey , Olago Dan , Ouma Gilbert , Warner James , Ong’ech Dennis , Nkatha Rose , Ogolla Clinton , Lees Thomas , Wanguba Bonface 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Turkana jet is an equatorial low-level jet (LLJ) in East Africa. The jet influences both flooding and droughts, and powers Africa’s largest wind farm. Much of what we know about the jet, including the characteristics of its diurnal cycle, derives from reanalysis simulations that are not constrained by radiosonde observations in the region. Here, we report the characteristics of the Turkana jet with data from a field campaign during March–April 2021: The Radiosonde Investigation for the Turkana Jet (RIFTJet). The southeasterly jet forms on average at 380 m above the surface, with mean speeds of 15.0 m s−1. The strongest low-level winds are during the night and early morning from 0300 to 0600 LT (>16 m s−1). The average wind profile retains a characteristic low-level jet structure throughout the day, with the low-level wind maximum weakening to a minimum of 10.9 m s−1 at 1500 LT. There is significant shear, of up to 1.5 m s−1 (100 m)−1 maintained through the 1000 m above the wind maximum. The diurnal cycle of the jet is associated with the nocturnal strengthening and lowering of elevated subsidence inversions, which form above the jet. Reanalysis simulations (ERA5 and MERRA-2) do not capture the daytime persistence of the jet and underestimate the speed of the jet throughout the diurnal cycle. The largest absolute errors of over 4.5 m s−1 (−35%) occur at 0900 LT. The reanalyses also fail to simulate the elevated subsidence inversions above the jet and associated dry layer in the lower troposphere.
Survivin as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of the progression of precancerous lesions to gastric cancer
Authors: Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb Amirreza , Panahi Mehran , Jami Setareh , Moudi Bita , Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb Hamidreza , Heidari Zahra 
Published: December 2023

Background Gastric cancer is a common cancer developed in a carcinogenesis process from precancerous lesions including chronic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia. Survivin, an inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein, is associated with the initiation and progression of gastric cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression patterns of survivin and its relationship with early diagnosis of gastric cancer in Iranian patients. Methods In this retrospective case-control study, immunoexpression of survivin was investigated on sections obtained from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of 38 chronic gastritis, 32 intestinal metaplasia, 20 dysplasia, 28 gastric adenocarcinoma, and 22 controls. Results Survivin immunoexpression in chronic gastritis was higher than controls, but this difference was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). However, survivin immunoexpression had a steady significant increase from control and chronic gastritis to intestinal metaplasia to dysplasia to gastric adenocarcinoma ( P < 0.05). Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of survivin immunohistochemical test for the diagnosis of gastric cancer were 87.5%, 74.4%, and 0.85, respectively. Males had a significantly higher survivin expression than females ( P < 0.001). Also, survivin expression was significantly higher in older patients than in younger ones ( P < 0.001). Conclusion It seems that the steady increase in survivin expression from different precancerous lesions to gastric adenocarcinoma suggests that survivin can be used as a potential biomarker for the prevention and early diagnosis of gastric cancer.
Right Ventricular Dysfunction on Transthoracic Echocardiography and Long-Term Mortality in the Critically Unwell: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gerhardy Benjamin , Sivapathan Shanthosh , Bowcock Emma , Orde Sam , Morgan Lucy 
Published: December 2023

Objective Right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) is common in the critically ill. To date studies exploring RVD sequelae have had heterogenous definitions and diagnostic methods, with limited follow-up. Additionally much literature has been pathology specific, limiting applicability to the general critically unwell patient. Method and Study Design We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of RVD diagnosed with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) on long-term mortality in unselected critically unwell patients compared to those without RVD. A systematic search of EMBASE, Medline and Cochrane was performed from inception to March 2022. All RVD definitions using TTE were included. Patients were those admitted to a critical or intensive care unit, irrespective of disease processes. Long-term mortality was defined as all-cause mortality occurring at least 30 days after hospital admission. A priori subgroup analyses included disease specific and delayed mortality (death after hospital discharge/after the 30th day from hospital admission) in patients with RVD. A random effects model analysis was performed with the Dersimionian and Laird inverse variance method to generate effect estimates. Results Of 5985 studies, 123 underwent full text review with 16 included (n = 3196). 1258 patients had RVD. 19 unique RVD criteria were identified. The odds ratio (OR) for long term mortality with RVD was 2.92 (95% CI 1.92–4.54, I2 76.4%) compared to no RVD. The direction and extent was similar for cardiac and COVID19 subgroups. Isolated RVD showed an increased risk of delayed mortality when compared to isolated left/biventricular dysfunction (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.05–3.86, I2 46.8%). Conclusion RVD, irrespective of cause, is associated with increased long term mortality in the critically ill. Future studies should be aimed at understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms by which this occurs. Commonly used echocardiographic definitions of RVD show significant heterogeneity across studies, which contributes to uncertainty within this dataset.
Osteochondrodysplasia and the c.1024G>T variant of TRPV4 gene in Scottish Fold cats: genetic and radiographic evaluation
Authors: Sartore Stefano , Moretti Riccardo , Piras Lisa Adele , Longo Maurizio , Chessa Stefania , Sacchi Paola 
Published: December 2023

Objectives The objectives of this study were to investigate the c.1024G>T SNP in the TRPV4 gene in Scottish Straight and Fold cats, and to evaluate the pattern of skeletal phenotype and the evolution of radiological signs of Scottish Fold osteochondrodysplasia (SFOCD) over time in heterozygous subjects. Methods DNA was obtained from blood samples of 17 cats (Scottish Fold: n = 12; Scottish Straight: n = 5) and subsequently genotyped by sequencing in a 249 bp region of the TRPV4 gene (exon 6), including the known c.1024G>T causative mutation for osteochondrodysplasia. Orthopaedic and radiographic analyses were performed on animals carrying the mutant allele. Results Genotyping by sequencing confirmed that all and only the Scottish Fold cats carried the mutant allele in a heterozygous asset. Furthermore, two other exon variants, already described in the literature as silent variants, were found in some of the sampled cats. Comparative orthogonal radiographic views of the shoulder, elbow, carpus, hip, stifle and tarsus were obtained. A mediolateral projection of the thoracic and lumbar column was also performed. Three out of four cats were clinically and radiographically examined again 1.5 years later. Conclusions and relevance Although the presence of the mutant allele in all the tested Scottish Fold cats was confirmed, only 1/12 showed clinical signs of SFOCD. Furthermore, no cats in the 1.5-year follow-up showed skeletal changes. Although significant, the c.1024G>T mutation in the TRPV4 gene, supposedly, is not the only cause or risk of developing SFOCD.
Outcome of intraocular lens exchange for the management of myopic shift in pseudophakic children
Authors: Zedan Rasha , Farag Christina S. , Gouda Jylan , Awadein Ahmed , Elhilali Hala , Hassanein Dina H 
Published: December 2023

Purpose To evaluate the visual outcome of intraocular lens (IOL) exchange for the management of myopic shift in pseudophakic children. Methods The medical records of children who underwent IOL exchange for myopic shift were examined. The preoperative data, operative details and the postoperative outcome were analyzed. Results Twenty-one eyes (16 patients) were identified. Mean age at cataract extraction was 20 ± 26 months (range, 2–84 months). Twelve patients (6 unilateral, 6 bilateral) had primary IOL implantation. Mean age at IOL exchange was 7.3 ± 3.2 years. Mean spherical equivalent (SE) at IOL exchange was −14 ± 5 D (range, −7 to −21 D): Mean SE at IOL exchange was −13.64 ± 4.99 D, −12 ± 1.53 D, and −15.5 ± 4.7 D in unilaterally pseudophakic cases (8 patients), in the eye that underwent unilateral IOL exchange (3 patients) in bilaterally pseudophakic cases, and in bilateral IOL exchange cases (5 patients), respectively. Mean axial length at IOL exchange was 24 ± 1.3 mm (range, 23 to 27 mm). Following IOL exchange, mean SE was reduced to −2 ± 1.8 D (range, −4 to +2.5 D). An average of three logMAR line improvement in the best-corrected visual acuity was observed in 12/16 eyes of patients for whom pre- and post-exchange visual acuity were available, while visual acuity remained unchanged in 4 eyes. Mean logMAR visual acuity improvement was 0.35 and 0.49 in unilateral and bilateral pseudophakic cases, respectively. Conclusions IOL exchange is a safe procedure that should be considered to improve visual rehabilitation in pseudophakic patients with myopic shift.
Analysis of tip malposition and correction of peripherally inserted central catheters under ultrasound-guidance: 5-year outcomes from a single center
Authors: Jang Eunju , Son Soo Mi , Moon Ki-yoon , Lee Seunghoon , Han Hong Seok , Park Sun Cheol , Kim Jang Yong , Yun Sang Seob 
Published: December 2023

Background: Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) has become a common procedure. Although ultrasound (US)-guidance has improved success rates, a small percentage of malposition is inevitable. The purpose of our study is to evaluate malposition rates of US-guided bedside PICC catheter insertion, and the clinical factors associated with malposition. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study evaluating 5981 patients who had undergone ultrasound-guided bedside PICC placement from January 2017 to December 2021 at a single tertiary center. Final tip location was confirmed on chest radiograph. Results: Patients were categorized into optimal, suboptimal, and malposition groups according to final tip location. 4866 cases (81.7%) showed optimal tip position, 790 (13.3%) were suboptimal, and 299 (5.0%) were malpositioned. Logistic regression analysis identified six variables associated with tip malposition; height (odds ratio (OR) 1.044; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.028–1.061; p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.051; 95% CI, 1.017–1.087; p = 0.003), prior failure at accessing peripheral intravenous (IV) access (OR 1.718; 95% CI, 1.215–2.428; p = 0.002), side of the arm (OR 3.467; 95% CI, 2.457–4.891; p < 0.001), length of the catheter (OR 0.763; 95% CI, 0.734–0.794; p < 0.001), and number of previous central catheter insertions (OR 1.069; 95% CI, 1.004–1.140; p = 0.038). Malpositioned catheters were corrected by either bedside repositioning, bedside reinsertion, fluoroscopic reinsertion, switching to jugular catheters or catheter removal. No patient related factors were significantly associated with malposition or success of reposition. Conclusion: US-guidance can help reduce catheter malposition during bedside PICC insertion. Patients with risk factors such as multiple previous central vein insertions, failed peripheral line insertions, left arm insertion, or high BMI should undergo thorough sonographic evaluation of the arm vessels to prevent malposition.
A modified single-catheter approach for improving adrenal venous sampling in patients with primary aldosteronism
Authors: Wan Jindong , Wang Xinquan , Liu Sen , Hou Jixin , Zhou Peng , Xue Qiang , Wang Peijian 
Published: December 2023

Objectives: Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is an established procedure for assessing subtype patients with primary aldosteronism (PA). However, it is technically challenging, with high failure rates, which limits its application in clinical practice. Our study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a single-catheter modified approach for AVS. Methods: The clinical, angiographic, and procedural data of 182 consecutive patients who underwent AVS procedures between May 2020 and May 2023 were collected and analyzed. The single-catheter modified approach was performed as a single 5 F Tiger catheter with only one-time manual reshaping, which was recommended for sequential bilateral adrenal cannulations. Results: Of the 182 consecutive patients, 174 (95.6%) had successful bilateral adrenal cannulation. The single-catheter modified approach was successfully performed to cannulate the right adrenal vein in 176 (96.7%) patients, while another six (3.3%) patients needed at least a second manual reshaping for 5 F Tiger catheters. For left adrenal cannulation, a single-catheter modified approach was successfully used in 179 (98.4%) patients, whereas 5 F Tiger catheters with at least second-time manual reshaping were used in the remaining three (1.6%) patients. The procedural period was 15.6 ± 10.8 min, the fluoroscopy time was 4.2 ± 1.5 min, and the diagnostic contrast was 15.5 ± 4.8 mL. The incidence of procedure-related complications associated with AVS was 1.1%. The cumulative summation assessment illustrated that the learning curve for the operating procedure required up to 29 cases, indicating that the procedure time was shortened after 29 cases. Conclusions: The single-catheter modified approach is an effective, safe, and feasible technique for AVS treatment. In particular, this improved method is not difficult for beginners with high technical success rates.
Arthroscopic Electromechanical Assessment of Human Articular Cartilage Injury Correlates with ICRS Scores
Authors: Rimkunas Augustinas , Gudas Rimtautas , Mickevicius Tomas , Maciulaitis Justinas , Malinauskas Mantas , Smailys Alfredas , Staskunas Mantas , Usas Arvydas 
Published: December 2023

Purpose This study aimed to conduct arthroscopic evaluation of cartilage electromechanical properties and establish their correlation with International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grading scores. Methods In 18 patients, quantitative parameter (QP) measurements were taken on the weight-bearing surface of the medial femoral condyle. Adjacently, the same site was graded using ICRS scores (0-4). Electromechanical QPs for ICRS grades 0 to 3 were obtained during arthroscopy, while complete grade 4 injuries were assessed using femur cartilage-bone blocks from knee arthroplasty. The QP values for ICRS grades 0 to 2 were compared with grades 3 and 4 using Welch t test. The corresponding QP values were assigned to ICRS grades 0 to 4 and compared using Welch ANOVA (analysis of variance). Pearson’s coefficient evaluated QP-ICRS grade relationship. Results Healthy grade 0 cartilage displayed a mean QP value of 10.5 (±2.8 SD, n = 4). The ICRS grade 1 and grade 2 injuries were associated with QP values of 12 (±0.7, n = 2) and 13.25 (±1.77, n = 2), respectively. The grade 3 defects had QP values of 20.43 (±4.84, n = 4), whereas complete grade 4 defects showed electromechanical values of 30.17 (±2.19, n = 6). Significant differences in QP values were observed between ICRS grades 0 to 2 (mean QP 11.56 ± 2.3, n = 8) and grades 3 and 4 (26.27 ± 6, n = 10; P < 0.0001). Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.9 indicated a strong association between higher ICRS cartilage injury grades and elevated QP values ( P < 0.0001). Conclusion Arthroscopic electromechanical QP assessment robustly correlates with ICRS scores. The QP values for ICRS grades 0 to 2 are significantly lower, compared with grades 3 and 4.
Review of Design of Process Parameters for Squeeze Casting
Authors: Deng Jianxin , Xie Bin , You Dongdong , Huang Haibin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSqueeze casting (SC) is an advanced net manufacturing process with many advantages for which the quality and properties of the manufactured parts depend strongly on the process parameters. Unfortunately, a universal efficient method for the determination of optimal process parameters is still unavailable. In view of the shortcomings and development needs of the current research methods for the setting of SC process parameters, by consulting and analyzing the recent research literature on SC process parameters and using the CiteSpace literature analysis software, manual reading and statistical analysis, the current state and characteristics of the research methods used for the determination of SC process parameters are summarized. The literature data show that the number of publications in the literature related to the design of SC process parameters generally trends upward albeit with significant fluctuations. Analysis of the research focus shows that both “mechanical properties” and “microstructure” are the two main subjects in the studies of SC process parameters. With regard to materials, aluminum alloys have been extensively studied. Five methods have been used to obtain SC process parameters: Physical experiments, numerical simulation, modeling optimization, formula calculation, and the use of empirical values. Physical experiments are the main research methods. The main methods for designing SC process parameters are divided into three categories: Fully experimental methods, optimization methods that involve modeling based on experimental data, and theoretical calculation methods that involve establishing an analytical formula. The research characteristics and shortcomings of each method were analyzed. Numerical simulations and model-based optimization have become the new required methods. Considering the development needs and data-driven trends of the SC process, suggestions for the development of SC process parameter research have been proposed.
Clinical effectiveness of pharmacological interventions for managing chronic migraine in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Naghdi Seyran , Underwood Martin , Madan Jason , Brown Anna , Duncan Callum , Matharu Manjit , Aksentyte Aiva , Davies Natasha , Rees Sophie , Cooklin Andrew , Grove Amy , Mistry Hema 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic migraine can be a profoundly disabling disorder that may be treated with preventive medications. However, uncertainty remains as to which preventive medication is the most effective. We present a network meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness and rank of preventive drugs for chronic migraine in adults.MethodsWe identified, reviewed, and extracted data from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of preventive drugs for chronic migraine with at least 200 participants. Data were analysed using network meta-analysis.FindingsWe included 12 RCTs of six medications (Eptinezumab, Erenumab, Fremanezumab, Galcanezumab, Onabotulinumtoxin A, and Topiramate) compared to placebo or each other. All drugs effectively reduced monthly headache and migraine days compared with placebo. The most effective drug for monthly headache days was Eptinezumab 300mg, with a mean difference of -2.46 days, 95% Credible Interval (CrI): -3.23 to -1.69. On the Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Area (SUCRA) analysis, the probability that Eptinezumab 300mg was ranked highest was 0.82. For monthly migraine days, the most effective medication was Fremanezumab-monthly, with a mean difference: -2.77 days, 95% CrI: -3.36 to -2.17, and 0.98 probability of being ranked the highest. All included drugs, except Topiramate, improved headache-related quality of life. No eligible studies were identified for the other common preventive oral medications such as Amitriptyline, Candesartan, and Propranolol. The main reasons were that the studies did not define chronic migraine, were undertaken before the definition of chronic migraine, or were too small.InterpretationAll six medications were more effective than the placebo on monthly headache and migraine days. The absolute differences in the number of headache/migraine days are, at best, modest. No evidence was found to determine the relative effectiveness of the six included drugs with other oral preventive medications.RegistrationPROSPERO (number CRD42021265990).