bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of an ethics curriculum in a longitudinal integrated clerkship: a qualitative study of graduates
Authors: Keverline Kelsey , Clay Tyler , Bossingham Jesse , Kirkland Jacob , Fromewick Jill , Beck Dallaghan Gary , Latessa Robyn 
Published: November 2023

Background: Little is known about the effectiveness of ethics education in developing knowledge and skills in medical schools that persist into residency and beyond. While previous research has demonstrated that graduates of Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships (LICs) continue practices of patient-centeredness and empathy, to our knowledge, no studies have looked at effect of a medical ethics curriculum integrated into LICs. Methods: In 2011, the University of North Carolina School of Medicine-Asheville initiated an Ethics and Humanism course alongside the LIC. The goals of the program were for students to be able to identify ethical issues as they arose and exercise moral imagination in resolving these issues. Later, practices of mindfulness and writing were added. We conducted a qualitative case study using The Kirkpatrick Model of training evaluation to assess graduates of this course in their capacity to apply those skills in ongoing clinical practice. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, transcribed and independently coded. The Kirkpatrick Model informed the organization of codes into themes. Results: The qualitative analysis reached thematic saturation with review of 22 graduates’ interview transcripts. The findings of this study suggest that the Ethics and Humanism curriculum successfully shaped how respondents approached ethical tensions and the healthcare system more broadly. Furthermore, the interviews revealed that respondents used moral imagination in their approaches to conflict resolution and advocacy projects. Discussion: We found graduates of this ethics curriculum continued to identify ethical dilemmas in their daily clinical practice and using moral imagination to address and resolve conflicts. Our findings suggest that linking ethics education to the clinical curriculum may develop persistent skills in navigating ethical dilemmas and increase graduates’ capacity to be resilient, holistic physicians. The potential benefits of this program in preventing burnout are explored. We believe this demonstrates the value of a dedicated ethics curriculum integrated into an LIC.
A Decision Rule Approach for Two-Stage Data-Driven Distributionally Robust Optimization Problems with Random Recourse
Authors: Fan Xiangyi , Hanasusanto Grani A. 
Published: November 2023

We study two-stage stochastic optimization problems with random recourse, where the coefficients of the adaptive decisions involve uncertain parameters. To deal with the infinite-dimensional recourse decisions, we propose a scalable approximation scheme via piecewise linear and piecewise quadratic decision rules. We develop a data-driven distributionally robust framework with two layers of robustness to address distributional uncertainty. We also establish out-of-sample performance guarantees for the proposed scheme. Applying known ideas, the resulting optimization problem can be reformulated as an exact copositive program that admits semidefinite programming approximations. We design an iterative decomposition algorithm, which converges under some regularity conditions, to reduce the runtime needed to solve this program. Through numerical examples for various known operations management applications, we demonstrate that our method produces significantly better solutions than the traditional sample-average approximation scheme especially when the data are limited. For the problem instances for which only the recourse cost coefficients are random, our method exhibits slightly inferior out-of-sample performance but shorter runtimes compared with a competing approach. History: Accepted by Nicola Secomandi, Area Editor for Stochastic Models & Reinforcement Learning. Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [Grants 2342505 and 2343869]. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2021.0306 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2021.0306 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Aspherical interferometric probe with wave-plate-array detection: system design and nonlinearity analysis
Authors: Fan Xinrui , Diao Xiaofei , Wu Jianwei , Teppitaksak Achaya , Kang Yanhui , Lei Lihua , Liu Liqin 
Published: November 2023

Optical probes are the preferred choice for high-precision surface metrology, necessitating improved flexibility and a broader range of motion to adapt to the increasing complexity of surfaces. This study introduces an interferometric probe designed for measuring aspheric surfaces, utilizing a wave-plate-array detection component. By integrating splitter elements into the detector, the probe improves integration and dynamic scanning performance, while maintaining high-precision measurement capability. The system design and working principle are explored, and comprehensive nonlinear models based on the Jones matrix theory are established. These models focus on the nonlinear errors arising from alignment errors in various cases. Moreover, rigorous numerical simulations and optical experiments are conducted to validate the proposed models. When the alignment error reaches 10°, it results in a maximum nonlinear error of 3.02 nm. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the models in capturing nonlinear errors induced by alignment errors, providing a theoretical foundation for error reduction and compensation.
Fiber-connectorized ultrafast-laser-inscribed K-band integrated optics beam combiner for the CHARA telescope array
Authors: Siliprandi Jacopo , MacLachlan David G. , Ross Calum A. , Sharma Tarun K. , Labadie Lucas , Madhav Kalaga , Nayak Abani S. , Dinkelaker Aline N. , Roth Martin M. , Scott Nicholas J. , du Foresto Vincent Coudé , Thomson Robert R. , Benoit Aurélien 
Published: November 2023

A fiber-connectorized K-band integrated-optics two-telescope beam combiner was developed for long-baseline interferometry at the CHARA telescope array utilizing the ultrafast laser inscription (ULI) technique. Single-mode waveguide insertion losses were measured to be ∼1.1dB over the 2–2.3 µm window. The development of asymmetric directional couplers enabled the construction of a beam combiner that includes a 50:50 coupler for interferometric combination and two ∼75:25 couplers for photometric calibration. The visibility of the bare beam combiner was measured at 87% and then at 82% after fiber-connectorization by optimizing the input polarization. These results indicate that ULI technique can fabricate efficient fiber-connectorized K-band beam combiners for astronomical purposes.
Reconciling chemical flame retardant exposure and fire risk in domestic furniture
Authors: Whaley Paul , Wattam Stephen , Bedford Clare , Bell Nia , Harrad Stuart , Jones Nicola , Kirkbride Thomas , Naldzhiev Dzhordzhio , Payne Elena , Wooding Elli-Jo , Hull T. Richard 
Published: November 2023

Introduction
Evidence suggests that standards for resistance of furniture to ignition may lead to an increase in use of chemical flame retardants (CFRs). This is motivating the development of new approaches that maintain high levels of fire safety while facilitating a reduction in use of CFRs. However, reconciling potential fire risk with use of CFRs in relation to specific policy objectives is challenging.

Objectives
To inform the development of a new policy in the UK for the fire safety of furniture, we developed for domestic furniture quantitative models of fire risk and potential for CFR exposure. We then combined the models to determine if any lower fire risk, higher CFR exposure categories of furniture were identifiable.

Methods
We applied a novel mixed-methods approach to modelling furniture fire risk and CFR exposure in a data-poor environment, using literature-based concept mapping, qualitative research, and data visualisation methods to generate fire risk and CFR exposure models and derive furniture product rankings.

Results
Our analysis suggests there exists a cluster of furniture types including baby and infant products and pillows that have comparable overall properties in terms of lower fire risk and higher potential for CFR exposure.

Discussion
There are multiple obstacles to reconciling fire risk and CFR use in furniture. In particular, these include a lack of empirical data that would allow absolute fire risk and exposure levels to be quantified. Nonetheless, it seems that our modelling method can potentially yield meaningful product clusters, providing a basis for further research.
PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND IRIDOIDS OF THE AERIAL PART OF LEONURUS DEMINUTUS V. KRECZ. (LA-MIACEAE)
Authors: Sokolova Yana Vadimovna , Mirovich Vera Mikhaylovna , Olennikov Daniil Nikolayevich , Dudareva Lyubov' Vissarionovna 
Published: November 2023

In the Siberian region, the genus Leonurus is represented by 7 species, in the territory of the Irkutsk region Leonurus deminutus V. Krecz. is widespread. This plant is used in folk medicine in the form of infusion, tincture, juice for anxiety disorders, irritability, insomnia, hypertension and is promising for introduction into pharmaceutical practice. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to study the composition and content of the main biologically active substances (flavonoids, phenylpropanoids and iridoids) of the aerial part of L. deminutus. HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS method was used for the analysis. According to the results of the study, the presence of 20 phenolic compounds in the aerial organs of L. deminutus was determined, of which 11 substances were isolated and identified for the first time: 4-O-Caffeoylquinic acid, 5-O-Caffeoylquinic acid, caffeoylmalic acid (isomer 9), rutin, nicotiflorin, isoquercitrin, leonosides A and B, astragalin, apigenin-5-O-glucoside, genkwanin-5-O-glucoside. The quantitative determination of the established phenolic compounds was carried out by the MC-HPLC-UV method. It was found that in the aerial part of L. deminutus contains amounts of flavonoids in the amount of 13.76 mg/g and phenylpropanoids 75.4 mk/g. The analysis of the iridoid profile of L. deminutus was carried out using the HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS method. For the first time, the following iridoids were discovered and established for the aerial part of L. deminutus: harpagid, the isomer of ayugol, 8-acetylgarpagid and ayugoside. According to the literature, these substances are characteristic of other representatives of the genus Leonurus, which was confirmed by us by comparative analysis of alcohol extracts of L. deminutus and L. cardiaca by TLC.
Atrioesophageal Fistula: A Rare but Dangerous Complication From Catheter Ablation
Authors: Ventre Scott , Dellatore Peter , Patel Anish Vinit 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Atrioesophageal fistula is a rare complication of catheter ablation. It can be discovered on computerized topography of the chest. It is a difficulty entity to diagnose and treat and carries a mortality between 67% and 100%. Management options include surgical repair and esophageal stenting. We report here a rare case of an atrioesophageal fistula that presented with massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding and hemiparalysis.
Effect of temperature on presepsin pre-analytical stability in biological fluids of preterm and term newborns
Authors: D’Adamo Ebe , Botondi Valentina , Falconio Luigi , Giardinelli Giustina , Di Gregorio Patrizia , Caputi Sergio , Sinjari Bruna , Trubiani Oriana , Traini Tonino , Gazzolo Francesca , Strozzi Maria Chiara , Maconi Antonio , Gazzolo Diego 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Thermostability is one of the pre-requisites for the reliability of analytes in clinical practice and biomedical research. Although presepsin represents a promising new biomarker for the early diagnosis of sepsis in newborns, data on its stability under different storage conditions are lacking. We aimed to investigate presepsin thermostability in blood, urine and saliva samples after thawing at 4 predetermined monitoring time-points in a cohort of preterm and term infants.

Methods
We conducted an observational study, where each case served as its own control, in 24 preterm and term infants. Blood, urine and saliva samples were stored at −80 °C for 18 months, and presepsin measured in different biological fluids at thawing (T0), 24 (T1), 48 (T2) and at 72 (T3) hours after thawing.

Results
No significant differences (p>0.05, for all) in presepsin levels were observed at T0–T3 in the different biological fluids. Furthermore, no differences at T0–T3 were observed in presepsin levels between blood and saliva fluids, whilst urine levels were significantly higher (p<0.05, for all) than blood and saliva at T0–T3.

Conclusions
Results on presepsin pre-analytical thermo-stability in different biological fluids after long-term refrigeration support the reliability of this biomarker in the diagnosis and monitoring of perinatal sepsis.
Global classical solution of the Cauchy problem to the 3D Benjamin–Bona–Mahony–Burgers-type equation with nonlocal control constraints
Authors: Wu Wenbing 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article focuses on the Cauchy problem of the Benjamin–Bona–Mahony–Burgers (BBMB) equation with nonlocal control constraints in

ℝ
3

{\mathbb{R}^{3}}

. We employ the Phragmén–Lindelöf decomposition method and Green’s function to investigate global classical solutions and their long-term behaviors, including optimal estimates for finite density initial perturbation. Additionally, optimal solutions near the minimal mass ground state are analyzed.
On a two-dimensional Dirichlet type problem for a linear hyperbolic equation of fourth order
Authors: Kiguradze Tariel , Alhuzally Reemah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For a linear hyperbolic equation of fourth order, a Dirichlet type boundary problem in an orthogonally convex domain is investigated. Sharp sufficient conditions guaranteeing solvability and well-posedness of the problem under consideration are established.
Powdered activated carbon adsorbent for eosin Y removal: modeling of adsorption isotherm data, thermodynamic and kinetic studies
Authors: Mameri Yazid , Belattar Sara , Seraghni Nassira , Debbache Nadra , Sehili Tahar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An investigation was conducted to examine the adsorption of eosin Y (EY) from aqueous solution using Powdered Activated Charcoal (PAC) obtained from Biochem Chemopharma (Quebec, Canada) with a surface area of 270 mg/g using the methylene blue method. The adsorption experiments showed that a contact time of 60 min resulted in a high removal efficiency of 98.25 % for EY at a concentration of 10 ppm. The study also offered insights into the effectiveness of different treatment processes and described the main physicochemical processes involved. Various parameters such as adsorbent dosage, contact time, substrate concentration, and pH were evaluated, and the data were analyzed using Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin isotherms. The study found that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided a better fit to the experimental data compared to the pseudo-first-order model. To optimize the process parameters and enhance overall efficiency, contour plots were employed in the experimental design, considering variables such as adsorbent dosage, contact time, and pH levels. These plots visually represented the relationship between the variables and the removal efficiency of EY, enabling the identification of optimal operating conditions. The investigation’s findings contribute valuable insights into the adsorption of EY using PAC and offer practical implications for improving the efficiency of EY removal in various applications. The use of contour plots in experimental design was highlighted as a crucial tool for refining adsorption process parameters.
Exploring the role of language ideology in disaster contexts: case study of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami
Authors: Uekusa Shinya , Lee Sunhee 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During/after disasters, language communication (or the lack thereof) can be a matter of life or death, particularly for “Indigenous/Tribal, Minority and Minoritized languages and peoples” (ITMs). Disaster and language studies have identified language barriers as critical because some ITMs do not understand basic risk communication, evacuation warnings, and recovery information. There are three major approaches to lowering these barriers in disaster contexts: (1) disseminating warnings and critical information in multilingual formats; (2) using bi/multilingual translators/interpreters and automated translator; and (3) using simplified language(s). However, this top–down approach is insufficient because ITMs need more than just selective information to cope with adversities. The basic communication rights to know, “talk about it,” and express one’s feelings after a traumatic event should not be a taken-for-granted privilege for speakers of the majority languages. The root causes of disaster linguicism, which focuses on the unique social vulnerabilities confronted by ITMs, have not been properly addressed. Drawing from our qualitative research, this article explores the role of Japanese language ideology in relation to the experiences of ITMs in the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami.
Predictors of gastrointestinal complaints in patients on metformin therapy
Authors: Raičević Branislava , Janković Slobodan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although being very effective in the treatment of diabetes and a few other conditions, metformin (MTF) cannot be tolerated by many patients due to gastrointestinal (GI) complaints. A number of risk factors for intolerance were identified, but many are still controversial or uninvestigated. The aim of this study was to further investigate possible risk factors for the occurrence of GI complaints in patients on MTF therapy. A cross-sectional design was used for this multicentric study on adult patients visiting 50 community pharmacies in Montenegro. The patients were surveyed by semi-structured questionnaire after a service of a pharmacist was delivered, and their drugs dispensed. Uni- and multi-variate regression methods were used for processing the data.
In total 330 patients participated in the study. A higher body mass index (OR = 1.113, p = 0.003), living at a higher altitude (OR = 1.725, p = 0.000), anaemia (OR = 4.221, p = 0.008), and intestinal infection in the last 3 months (OR = 2.801, p = 0.006) increased the risk of GI complaints in patients on MTF therapy, while the use of statins was protective (OR = 0.204, p = 0.016). Each case of MTF intolerance should be carefully investigated for risk and protective factors, which could be potentially eliminated or augmented, respectively, and MTF withdrawal avoided.
Risk assessment of computer network information using a proposed approach: Fuzzy hierarchical reasoning model based on scientific inversion parallel programming
Authors: Feng Weihua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Computer networks are involved in many fields such as business, education, marketing, government, and tourism in several forms. Technologies related to security protection and improvement of information integrity are used and developed for computer networks intruded on by unauthorized people and help save their confidentiality.

Methods
To improve the risk identification of computer networks, this manuscript combined a fuzzy hierarchical reasoning model with the scientific inversion parallel programming method to study the risk of computer networks. Moreover, this article defined and analyzed a d-order neighborhood message propagation algorithm. A d-order neighborhood parallel message propagation algorithm using the Gaussian graph model was proposed.

Results
The risk of the computer network was analyzed using the proposed method resulting in better protection effectiveness.

Conclusion
The simulations showed that the proposed algorithm could effectively detect risks and improve the security of the computer network.
»[V]nnd yhr wort das frisset vmb sich wie der krebs«
Authors: León-Villagrá Diego 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Martin Luther’s 1522 translation of 2. Tim 2,17a, »vnnd yhr wort das frisset vmb sich wie der krebs«, is depicted as a paradigm shift in the history of cancer metaphors. This study aims to outline this turning point from a philological perspective by tracing this translation, its embedding in theological discourse, and its sources (especially the metaphor of ›creeping‹ cancer - »ut cancer serpit« in the Latin Vulgate, dominant in antiquity and the Middle Ages, and first introduced as a quotation from Ovid’s Metamorphoses -, and a sermon by Johannes Geiler von Kaysersberg). Furthermore, the article also traces its transmission into medical discourse and the English language in the 16thcentury, demonstrating how the primarily protestant and German metaphor of ›devouring‹ cancer becomes interdenominational, interdiscursive and translingual in just one century, being ultimately included in the 1611 King James Bible as »[a]nd their word will eat as doth a canker«.
Radiological and Clinical Prognostic Factors of Recurrence of Subacute and Chronic Subdural Hematomas
Authors: Paliulytė Milda , Šustickas Gytis 
Published: November 2023

Objectives. To assess characteristic data of patients hospitalized due to subacute subdural hematomas (SSDHs) and chronic subdural hematomas (CSDHs) and to evaluate radiological findings and establish predictors of hematoma recurrence of SSDHs and CSDHs patient populations. Methods. 149 patients with SSDHs and CSDHs who underwent surgery at Kaunas Clinics Neurosurgery Department from 2020 to 2021 were analyzed. Based on recurrence rate, patients were divided into different subtypes based on computer tomography (CT) imaging. Descriptive analysis, hypothesis testing and correlation matrix were performed using Excel spreadsheet and R programming language with the significance at p-value < 0.05. Results. Out of 149 patients, SSDHs and CSDHs were observed in 89 males (59.6%) and 60 (40.3%) females. Mean of the patients age was 71.1±15 years. Dichotomizing results based on recurrence (cut-off value of 25%), 2 groups were made: 1) low reoperation rate –hypodense sedimented (10%), isodense (21.6%), hypodense (22.2%); 2) high reoperation rate – hypodense bridging (26.7%), hypodense trabecular (27.8%), hypodense with acute bleeding (28.6%), hypodense laminar (30%), isodense with acute bleeding (33.3%). Conclusion. It is concluded that based on 25% reoperation rate high-recurrence and low-recurrence chronic subdural hematomas groups were similar in all terms apart from the hematoma thickness (mm), which leads to a fact that radiological appearance of higher recurrence hematomas should be carefully taken into consideration.