bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capacity improvement with a multihop access scheme in broadband CDMA cellular systems
Authors: Fujiwara Atsushi , Takeda Shinji , Yoshino Hitoshi , Otsu Toru , Yamao Yasushi 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe use of multihop connection, in which a station in between the mobile station and the base station performs hopping relay of the transmission, in CDMA cellular systems should expand the area coverage and reduce the transmitted power per hop. There is a possibility that interference power may be reduced and that system capacity may be enlarged by this approach. Depending on the method of application, however, the system capacity may be decreased due to the interference during hopping. In this study, a basic investigation of interference reduction by multihop connection is first presented. Then, a procedure for selection of the hop stations with a strong capability for reducing the interference power is proposed. Considering a multicellular environment with a CDMA (code division multiple access) cellular scheme, the characteristics of multihop connections are evaluated by computer simulation, assuming packet access. It is shown that multihop connection has the effect of improving system capacity. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(10): 17–24, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10185
Design of an adaptive observer for sensorless vector control of induction machines under regenerating conditions
Authors: Tamura Yuichi , Sato Ikuya , Kubota Hisao , Ohta Hisayoshi , Hori Yoichi 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe objective of this investigation is to stabilize a sensorless vector control system of induction motors by means of an adaptive observer in regenerating mode at very low speed. The adaptive observer gain is designed by means of the Routh–Hurwitz criterion. It is verified by simulation and experiment that the proposed system is stable. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 145(4): 78–87, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10202
A three‐phase voltage‐source PWM inverter system characterized by sinusoidal output voltage with neither common‐mode voltage nor normal‐mode voltage
Authors: Hasegawa Hiroshi , Doumoto Takafumi , Akagi Hirofumi 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis paper deals with an inverter system integrating a small‐rated passive EMI filter with a three‐phase voltage‐source PWM inverter. The purpose of the EMI filter is to eliminate both common‐mode and normal‐mode voltages from the output voltage of the inverter. The motivation of this research is based on the well‐known fact that the higher the carrier or switching frequency, the smaller and the more effective the EMI filter. An experimental system consisting of a 5‐kVA inverter, a 3.7‐kW induction motor, and a specially designed passive EMI filter was constructed to verify the viability and effectiveness of the EMI filter. As a result, it is shown experimentally that both three‐phase line‐to‐line and line‐to‐neutral output voltages look purely sinusoidal as if the inverter system were an ideal variable‐voltage, variable‐frequency power supply when viewed from the motor terminals. This results in complete solution of serious issues related to common‐mode and normal‐mode voltages produced by the inverter. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 145(4): 88–96, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10206
Comparative experiments of co‐ and counter‐helicity merging in the compact toroid merging device TS‐4
Authors: Tsuruda Mayuko , Ono Yasushi , Katsurai Makoto 
Published: September 2003

AbstractFor the past 15 years, the TS‐3 merging project has explored several new types of CT/ST (Compact Tori and Spherical Tokamak): merging formation of FRCs (Field Reversed Configuration), magnetic reconnection experiment, and ultrahigh beta ST formation. The successful results of these experiments have enabled us to construct an upscaled merging device, namely, the TS‐4. The new TS‐4 has two flux cores (major radius = 0.5 m) for inductive plasma formation, a center coil (external toroidal field coil and OH coil), for q value control and plasma sustaining, and DC external field coils. The initial operation of the TS‐4 (since 2001) demonstrated co‐helicity and counter‐helicity merging of two spheromaks. The counter‐helicity merging revealed annihilation of toroidal magnetic field with a significant overshoot motion of reconnected field lines. It resulted in the formation of a high‐beta (≈ 0.8) FRC. The produced FRC has a significant field deformation, suggesting a contribution of the toroidal plasma flow to its equilibrium. The co‐helicity merging doubled the toroidal fluxes of spheromak, causing its flux conversion from toroidal to poloidal. The merging spheromaks relaxed into another spheromak with beta ≈ 0, suggesting the large thermal energy loss due to its non‐aximetric dynamo activity. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 145(4): 1–11, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10207
Potential of neurotoxicity after a single oral dose of 4‐bromo‐, 4‐chloro‐, 4‐fluoro‐ or 4‐iodoaniline in rats
Authors: Okazaki Yoshimasa , Yamashita Kotaro , Ishii Hiroyuki , Sudo Masato , Tsuchitani Minoru 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe potential for neurotoxicity after a single oral dose of four halogenated aniline derivatives — 4‐bromoaniline (4‐BA), 4‐chloroaniline (4‐CA), 4‐ﬂuoroaniline (4‐FA) and 4‐iodoaniline (4‐IA) — was given to rats was investigated at or near the lethal dosage level. Hindlimb paralysis was found in the 4‐BA, 4‐CA and 4‐FA groups on clinical observation, with the maximum incidence of 100% in the 4‐BA and 4‐FA groups and 66.7% in the 4‐CA group. Detailed clinical observations with functional tests identiﬁed the following effects: reduced response of hindlimb extensor thrust, gait abnormality in the open ﬁeld and decreased grip strength in the fore‐ or hindlimbs in the 4‐BA, 4‐CA and 4‐FA groups; decreased number of supported rearing episodes in the open ﬁeld in the 4‐BA and 4‐CA groups; abnormal landing in the aerial righting reﬂex in the 4‐BA and 4‐FA groups; and prolonged surface righting reﬂex in the 4‐BA group. Spongy change in the white matter of the spinal cord and brainstem and nerve ﬁbre degeneration in the peripheral nerves were found in all haloaniline‐treated groups. The central and peripheral nervous systems were most severely affected in the 4‐BA group and the lesions in the 4‐IA group were limited in grade. This study demonstrates that a bolus dose of 4‐haloanilines to rats induces a neurotoxicity similar in character to that evoked by the parent aniline. The decreasing order of neurotoxic potential appears to be 4‐BA >> 4‐FA ≥ 4‐CA >> 4‐IA when comparing at or near the lethal dosage level. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette. Part 1: Overview of technical concepts and summary of findings
Authors: Patskan G. , Reininghaus W. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis series of papers provides a description of the toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette (EHC). With this novel cigarette design the tobacco is heated by a series of electric heating elements, which allows for greater control of the available heat and results in lower temperatures and less combustion compared with conventional lit‐end cigarettes. This design was subjected to testing, including an evaluation of smoke chemistry, in vitro bacterial genotoxicity, in vitro mammalian cell cytotoxicity and a 90‐day smoke inhalation study in rats. A conventional lit‐end cigarette, the University of Kentucky Reference Cigarette 1R4F, was used as a point of comparison in these experiments. When adjusted for the yield of total particulate matter, the EHC delivered 50% lower amounts of about two‐thirds of the 69 smoke constituents measured. Mutagenic activity (Salmonella reverse mutation assay) of the particulate phase material in the presence of metabolic activation was ca. 90% lower, with a slight reduction of activity in the absence of metabolic activation. Cytotoxic activity (neutral red assay) of the particulate phase material was ca. 40% lower, with about equal activity of the gas/vapor‐phase material. Equal activity was noted between cigarette types in a whole smoke rat inhalation assay. The results from this series of tests demonstrate that the EHC produces a much different smoke — with an at least partially reduced yield of smoke constituents and biological activity — from that of a standard reference cigarette. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vitellogenin synthesis in the ovary of scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis: Control by estradiol‐17β and the central nervous system
Authors: Osada Makoto , Takamura Teruki , Sato Haruko , Mori Katsuyoshi 
Published: September 2003

AbstractElucidation of a profile of scallop vitellin formation associated with oogenesis and its endocrine control, and identification of a vitellogenin synthesizing site were immunologically undertaken by using anti‐scallop Vn serum. Vn content increased during ovarian growth and accounted for more than 80% of the watersoluble protein of the ovary at the mature stage. In vivo injection of estradiol–17β (E2) resulted in an increase in Vn content in the ovary. In vitro accumulation of Vn in the ovarian tissue was promoted with E2 and a vitellogenesis promoting factor (VPF) from cerebral plus pedal ganglion which was heat stable, less than MW 10,000 and trypsin/chymotrypsin resistant. Estrogen receptor (ER)‐like immunoreactivity was found in the growing oocyte and the auxiliary cell in close contact with growing oocytes, in which Vn immunoreactivity was also found. It is suggested that the vitellogenin synthesis occurred inside the ovary, especially in the auxiliary cell, and is controled by E2 and VPF via ER. J. Exp. Zool. 299A:172–179, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Scavenger receptors facilitate protein transport in the trophotaenial placenta of the goodeid fish, Ameca splendens (Teleostei: Atheriniformes)
Authors: Schindler Joachim F. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn the goodeid placental analogue, trophotaeniae provide extraembryonic gut‐derived exchange surfaces. Ameca splendens embryos possess endocytosing trophotaeniae that are capable of absorbing a dazzling array of proteinaceous substances. The iron core protein, native ferritin (NF), and several radioiodinated proteinaceous substances were used to study ligand and binding site pathways in the trophotaenial absorptive cells (TACs). Time sequence analysis of NF trafficking indicated an exclusively lysosomal pathway. Binding to TACs of NF was completely inhibitable by proteins containing multiple lysine residues such as apoferritin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), human transferrin (HTf), fetuin, hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochrome c, ubiquitin, parvalbumin as well as the random copolymers, poly(Glu,Lys,Tyr)6:3:1 and poly(D‐Glu,D‐Lys)6:4. Peptide hormones and pepsin that contains only one lysine residue did not produce inhibitory effects. Radiolabels such as 125I‐BSA, 125I‐HTf and 125I‐poly(Glu,Lys,Tyr) bound to trophotaeniae in a specific saturable manner. Any two proteins were shown to hinder one another in getting hold of a binding site. Concentration‐dependent 125I‐BSA binding and Scatchard analysis of the data revealed both low‐ and medium‐affinity binding with apparent dissociation constants, Kds, of 3.4×10−5 M and 2×10−7 M, respectively. Binding of NF and radioiodinated proteins was inhibited in the presence of a large excess of L‐Lys, D‐Lys, and several dipeptides containing Lys. Both Ca2+‐depletion and low pH dramatically reduced the TACs' capacity to bind proteins. The effects of acidotropic agents included a reversible loss of surface protein binding sites, tremendous vacuolation, and the arrest of lysosomal degradation. Collectively, present results demonstrate that TACs bind and absorb multiple proteinaceous substances through a mechanism satisfying the criteria of receptor‐mediated endocytosis. It is concluded that scavenger protein binding sites are used to ingest proteins for lysosomal degradation, helping to meet the embryos' amino acid requirement. J. Exp. Zool. 299A:197–212, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aminopeptidases function as endocytic receptors in the trophotaenial placenta of the goodeid fish, Ameca splendens (Teleostei: Atheriniformes)
Authors: Schindler Joachim F. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractViviparity in goodeid teleosts is characterized by the elaboration of trophotaeniae, extraembryonic proctodaeal appendages facilitating maternal‐embryonic nutrient transfer. The trophotaenial absorptive cells (TACs) express aminopeptidases (APs) such as APA, APN, γ‐glutamyltransferase (γ‐GT), dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (DAP) IV, and neutral endopeptidase (NEP) as inferred from the results of cleavage experiments with, respectively, Glu‐α‐(4MβNA), Ala‐(4MβNA), Glu‐γ‐(4MβNA), Gly‐Pro‐(4MβNA), and Gl‐(Ala)3–(4MβNA). Enzyme reaction product was localized to the apical and basolateral plasma membrane as well as to some intracellular compartments. In the accompanying report (Schindler, 2003) evidence is presented that the trophotaeniae of Ameca splendens embryos randomly, yet specifically, bind and ingest proteins as well as certain copolymers of amino acids. Present results demonstrate that endocytosis is significantly inhibitable by unspecific proteinase inhibitors, such as diisopropylphosphorofluoride, phenylmethanesulfonylfluoride, antipain, 1.10–phenanthroline, and dithiothreitol. The specific microbial AP inhibitors amastatin, bestatin, and phosphoramidon suppressed protein binding to TACs more effectively when added in combination than did either agent alone. Moreover, in the presence of 4MβNA assay substrates of APs the capability of TACs to bind proteins was significantly reduced. Conversely, the rate at which 4MβNA substrates were cleaved by trophotaenial APs was modified in the presence of proteins. Depending on protein concentrations the AP‐catalyzed reactions either decreased or increased in velocity. Analysis of the enzyme kinetics by methods of linear transformation suggests that proteins bind to APs competitively, thereby adopting the role of enzyme inhibitors. On the other hand, protein binding to APs appears to be a signal to translocate enzymes from an internal pool to the surface membrane. In the presence of primaquine, the rate of AP‐catalyzed cleavage of 4MβNA substrates was significantly reduced. That can be put down to the fact that weak bases disrupt the recycling of endocytosed membrane constituents. In conclusion, there is evidence that APs in the trophotaenial placenta of A. splendens function as scavenger receptors mediating in the delivery of embryotrophic proteins for lysosomal degradation. J. Exp. Zool. 299A: 213–222, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metabolic responses to dietary cholecalciferol and phosphorus in abalone Haliotis discus hannai ino
Authors: Zhang Wenbing , mai Kangsen , Xu Wei , Ma Hongming 
Published: September 2003

AbstractMetabolic responses of cholecalciferol (VD3) and minerals (Ca, P and Mg) in abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino to dietary VD3 and phosphorus (P) were investigated. Based on a 2 × 2 factorial design, four casein‐gelatin‐based diets were formulated. The basal diet was supplemented with either 0 or 2000 IU VD3/kg diet and 0 or 10 g P/kg diet. The abalone was reared in P‐free artificial seawater for 55 days. Results showed that dietary VD3 was hydroxylated to 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] and 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3] in abalone, and subsequently raised the serum levels of these two VD3 metabolites. Dietary P deficiency elevated serum 1α,25(OH)2D3 level only when the dietary VD3 supplementation was sufficient. The supplementations of either dietary VD3 or P significantly increased the levels of P in serum, mantle and hepatopancreas, and only the addition of VD3 significantly raised the concentrations of Ca in serum and mantle (P<0.05). Interaction between dietary VD3 and P was only found significant on the concentrations of P and Mg in mantle (P<0.05). The concentrations of Ca, P and Mg in muscle were not significantly influenced by these dietary treatments. Hence, the metabolic responses in serum, muscle, mantle and hepatopancreas of abalone to dietary VD3 and P were in different manners. J. Exp. Zool. 299A:110–117, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The early ontogeny of digestive and metabolic enzyme activities in two commercial strains of arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.)
Authors: lemieux Hélène , François Nathalie R. Le , Blier Pierre U. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe extent to which growth performance is linked to digestive or energetic capacities in the early life stages of a salmonid species was investigated. We compared two strains of Arctic charr known to have different growth potentials during their early development (Fraser and Yukon gold). Trypsin, lipase, and amylase activities of whole alevins were measured at regular intervals from hatching through 65 days of development. To assess catabolic ability, we also measured five enzymes representing the following metabolic pathways: amino acid oxidation (amino aspartate transferase), fatty acid oxidation (β‐hydroxy acyl CoA‐dehydrogenase), tricarboxylic acid cycle (citrate synthase), glycolysis (pyruvate kinase), and anaerobic glycolysis (lactate dehydrogenase). The measurement of these enzyme activities in individual fish allowed a clear evaluation of digestive capacity in relation to energetic demand. We also compared triploid and diploid individuals within the Yukon gold strain. For the whole experimental period, diploid Yukon gold fish exhibited the highest growth rate (1.08±0.18% length/day) followed by triploid Yukon gold fish (1.00±0.28% length/day) and finally Fraser strain fish (0.84±0.28% length/day). When differences in enzyme activities were observed, the Fraser strain showed higher enzyme activities at a given length than the Yukon gold strain (diploid and triploid). Higher growth performance appears to be linked to lower metabolic capacity. Our results suggest that fish may have to reach an important increase in the ratio of digestive to catabolic enzyme activities or a leveling off of metabolic enzyme activities before the onset of large increases in mass. J. Exp. Zool. 299A:151–160, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
σ‐short Boolean algebras
Authors: Takahashi Makoto , Yoshinobu Yasuo 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe introduce properties of Boolean algebras which are closely related to the existence of winning strategies in the Banach‐Mazur Boolean game. A σ‐short Boolean algebra is a Boolean algebra that has a dense subset in which every strictly descending sequence of length ω does not have a nonzero lower bound. We give a characterization of σ‐short Boolean algebras and study properties of σ‐short Boolean algebras. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A minimal pair joining to a plus cupping Turing degree
Authors: Li Dengfeng , Li Angsheng 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA computably enumerable (c.e.) degree a is called nonbounding, if it bounds no minimal pair, and plus cupping, if every nonzero c.e. degree x below a is cuppable. Let NB and PC be the sets of all nonbounding and plus cupping c.e. degrees, respectively. Both NB and PC are well understood, but it has not been possible so far to distinguish between the two classes. In the present paper, we investigate the relationship between the classes NB and PC, and show that there exists a minimal pair which join to a plus cupping degree, so that PC ⊈ NB. This gives a first known difference between NB and PC. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On existence of complete sets for bounded reducibilities
Authors: Bulitko Valeriy , Bulitko Vadim 
Published: September 2003

AbstractClassical reducibilities have complete setsUthat any recursively enumerable set can be reduced toU. This paper investigates existence of complete sets for reducibilities with limited oracle access. Three characteristics of classical complete sets are selected and a natural hierarchy of the bounds on oracle access is built. As the bounds become stricter, complete sets lose certain characteristics and eventually vanish. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Brauerian representation of split preorders
Authors: Došen Kosta , Petrić Zoran 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSplit preorders are preordering relations on a domain whose composition is defined in a particular way by splitting the domain into two disjoint subsets. These relations and the associated composition arise in categorial proof theory in connection with coherence theorems. Here split preorders are represented isomorphically in the category whose arrows are binary relations and whose composition is defined in the usual way. This representation is related to a classical result of representation theory due to Richard Brauer. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Failures of GCH and the level by level equivalence between strong compactness and supercompactness
Authors: Apter Arthur W. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe force and obtain three models in which level by level equivalence between strong compactness and supercompactness holds and in which, below the least supercompact cardinal, GCH fails unboundedly often. In two of these models, GCH fails on a set having measure 1 with respect to certain canonical measures. There are no restrictions in all of our models on the structure of the class of supercompact cardinals. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A fixed point theorem for o‐minimal structures
Authors: Wong Kam‐Chau 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe prove a definable analogue to Brouwer's Fixed Point Theorem for o‐minimal structures of real closed field expansions: A continuous definable function mapping from the unit simplex into itself admits a fixed point, even though the underlying space is not necessarily topologically complete. Our proof is direct and elementary; it uses a triangulation technique for o‐minimal functions, with an application of Sperner's Lemma. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An asymptotic‐induced one‐dimensional model to describe fires in tunnels II: the stationary problem
Authors: Gasser Ingenuin 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe study stationary solutions of a one‐dimensional low‐Mach‐number model derived in Gasser and Struckmeier (Math. Meth. Appl. Sci. 2002; 25(14): 1231) to describe fire events in long tunnels. The existence of solutions of the corresponding stationary model is shown to be equivalent to the existence of solutions of an algebraic problem. Multiple solutions are shown to be possible. The relation between different formulations of the problem is analysed. Weak and special distributional solutions are considered. Finally, numerical examples of realistic tunnel data with single and multiple solutions of the stationary problem are given. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.