bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online lane mapping based on multi-sensor SLAM and Catmull–Rom splines
Authors: Gao Tianmu , Zou Danping , Chen Chao Ping , Wu Xiaojun , Hu Haiyang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Traditional offline high-definition maps have significant limitations owing to their high cost and difficulty in updating. Online vector maps represent a new trend in the development of autonomous driving. In this paper, we propose an online lane mapping system, which leverages both multi-sensor simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) and Catmull–Rom splines. The map is constructed in real-time through the localization provided by SLAM and the fitting of splines. Existing SLAM algorithms perform poorly in complex urban environments, a deep learning network is incorporated into the visual front-end of our system to improve stability. Deep learning can extract and study deeper and less observable features, so that the system enhances the accuracy of visual tracking in scenarios characterized by low texture, lighting variations, and rapid motion. The system state is optimized by a factor graph framework to achieve precise localization. To construct continuous and consistent online lane maps, our system combines SLAM localization results with spline curves to achieve lane connection. Additionally, we develop a convenient method for initializing, extending, and optimizing the control points of splines to obtain more precise results. Our method combines the geometric characteristics with historical observations of lanes, enhancing the association and consistency of maps. Experiments conducted on the mainstream datasets demonstrate that our system exhibits greater robustness and improves the accuracy of localization and mapping across diverse environments.
Oscillatory soliton pairs in spin-orbit coupled spin-1/2 Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Liu Fei-Yan , Zhou Qin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate oscillatory soliton pairs including the bright–bright solitons, dark–dark solitons, bright–dark solitons and beating solitons (beating soliton refers to a type of soliton characterized by components that are each composed of both bright and dark solitons, and the overall density is equivalent to that of a single soliton) in the spin-orbit coupled spin-1/2 Bose–Einstein condensates. Two important effects that are the spin orbit coupling (SOC) and Raman detuning resonance on these solitons are studied. The results show that the intensity of SOC affects the spatial oscillation of solitons, while Raman detuning resonance affects the temporal oscillation of solitons. Moreover, the oscillatory soliton pairs and their background are affected by gain/loss. Under different gain/loss modulator, the periodic, parabolic, dromion type and line solitons are constructed for bright–bright pairs, and the periodic and parabolic background planes are presented for dark–dark soliton pairs, as well as the bound state solitons on periodic and kink type background planes are obtained for bright–dark soliton pairs. For one-beating soliton pairs, two types of beating solitons including the petal and breather-like are discovered by adjusting the wave number. For two-beating soliton pairs, the interaction between different combinations of the two types of beating solitons mentioned above, especially the X- and Y-type beating solitons, are presented by controlling two wave numbers. Furthermore, we verify the stability of soliton pairs through numerical simulation and the physics-informed neural network methods.
The instability prediction of non-resonant energetic particle modes based on machine learning algorithms
Authors: Liu Sheng , Ren Zhenzhen , Wang Weihua , Yang Jinhong , Ning Hongwei , Zhong Kai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Non-resonant energetic particle modes (EPMs) are extremely common in tokamak experimental phenomenon, which can disrupt the plasma balance, subsequently reducing the device confinement performance. Nevertheless, it should be stressed that the hybrid simulation of EPMs requires considerable time and computational resources in the study of such phenomena. To solve this issue, this research proposes the Machine Learning (ML) approaches to predict the linear instability of non-resonant EPMs. Here, the current study compares four single model algorithms in order to select the optimal one for predicting the non-resonant EPMs instability, including the Decision Tree Regression (DT), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) regression, Support vector Regression (SVR) and Multilayer perceptron (MLP). By optimizing the hyper-parameters for these models, the final evaluation results reveal quite high accuracy and R2 values, all around 0.9. Moreover, this work examines the influence of missing different feature variables on the model evaluation. Through this comparison, the study analyzes the degree of importance of various factors in forecasting the instability of high-energy particle modes.
A numerical approach to model and analyse geometric characteristics of a grey-headed albatross aerofoil in flight
Authors: Winter Alexander Ernest , Schoombie Janine , Smith Lelanie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Limited research exists on the 3D geometric models and as a consequence the aerodynamic characteristics of the grey-headed albatross (GHA). Despite existing methods for extracting bird wing cross-sections, few studies consider deflections due to aerodynamic pressure. With the GHA known for its exceptional flight speed and purported wing-lock mechanism, it offers a valuable subject for studying fixed-wing aerodynamics in nature. This study aims to develop and validate a numerical approach to estimate the GHA’s wing cross-section in flight. The PARSEC method is combined with a scanned 3D point cloud of a dried GHA wing to create a 3D model and analyse an averaged aerofoil section. Using a pseudo-2D computational fluid dynamics model, the study explores passive morphing of bird wings due to aerodynamic pressure. Results show that the aerofoil morphs to achieve maximum potential aerodynamic efficiency at a Reynolds number of

2
×

10
5

, decreasing in camber. The maximum lift-to-drag ratio (

(

C

L

/

C

D

)

max

) increases from 3 to 44, primarily due to pressure drag reduction. However, the lack of comparison to true bird geometry in flight remains a limitation. Future research should compare the predicted morphing with actual bird specimens in flight.
Physics with non-unital algebras? An invitation to the Okubo algebra
Authors: Marrani Alessio , Corradetti Daniele , Zucconi Francesco 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper presents some preliminary discussion on the possible relevance of the Okubonions, i.e. the real Okubo algebra

O

, in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The Okubo algebra lacks a unit element and sits in the adjoint representation of its automorphism group

SU

O

, thus being fundamentally different from the better-known octonions

O

. While these latter may represent quarks (and color singlets), the Okubonions are conjectured to represent the gluons, i.e. the gauge bosons of the QCD

SU
(
3
)

color symmetry. However, it is shown that the

SU
(
3
)

groups pertaining to Okubonions and octonions are distinct and inequivalent subgroups of Spin(8) that share no common

SU
(
2
)

subgroup. The unusual properties of Okubonions may be related to peculiar QCD phenomena like asymptotic freedom and color confinement, though the actual mechanisms remain to be investigated.
Inception networks, data augmentation and transfer learning in EEG-based photosensitivity diagnosis
Authors: Moncada Martins Fernando , González Víctor M , Villar José R , García López Beatriz , Isabel Gómez-Menéndez Ana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Photosensitivity refers to a neurophysiological condition in which the brain generates epileptic discharges known as Photoparoxysmal Responses (PPR) in response to light flashes. In severe cases, these PPR can lead to epileptic seizures. The standardized diagnostic procedure for this condition is called Intermittent Photic Stimulation. During this procedure, the patient is exposed to a flashing light, aiming to trigger these epileptic reactions while preventing their full development. Meanwhile, brain activity is monitored using Electroencephalography, which is visually analyzed by clinical staff to identify these responses. Hence, the automatic detection of PPR becomes a highly unbalanced problem that has been barely studied in the literature due to photosensitivity’s low prevalence. This research tackles this problem and proposes using Inception-based deep learning (DL) neural networks that, together with transfer learning, are trained in epilepsy seizure detection and tuned in the PPR automatic detection task. A data augmentation (DA) technique is also applied to balance the available data set, evaluating its effects on the DL models. The proposal outperformed state-of-the-art solutions in the literature, achieving higher ratios on standard performance metrics, and with DA significantly improving the Sensitivity without affecting Accuracy and Specificity. This project is currently being developed with patients from Burgos University Hospital, Spain.
The Gist of the Journey
Authors: Gentilini Ugo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Almost 1.4 billion people recently received cash payments from the state, the largest scale ever reached. An astounding 1.4 million papers have been written on the subject in the past few decades. And there is some magic happening: for every dollar provided as cash transfers, nearly 1.4 dollars are generated in local economies. In short, cash transfers are popular among many practitioners, academics, and communities. However, they are often considered a relatively recent phenomenon, and their presence in “bc” periods may sound counterintuitive. The chapter charts the journey offered to the reader over the ensuing six chapters, including delineating the ancestors of cash transfer programs, the variety of goals they pursued over time, and the recurrent patterns of reforms.
Building State Capabilities
Authors: Gentilini Ugo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter adopts a vignette-based approach to illustrate three ways in which cash transfers support state capabilities. First, it examines the place for cash transfers within larger efforts of state (or empire) administrations to attain food security. The initial section provides a brief exploration of experiences from ancient India, China, and Rome. Second, the chapter investigates how crises may offer an opportunity to introduce state-provided cash transfers on a pilot or permanent basis. In doing so, it traces cases where schemes evolved from crisis response interventions to more comprehensive programs. The United States is the main focal point for such illustrations, with a rapid reference to more recent instances of crises-born cash transfers globally. Finally, the third section discusses cash transfers in the context of protracted adversity in select low- and middle-income countries, especially in India and Africa. This includes a review of experiences across pre-colonial, colonial, and post-independence periods.
The Informatized Body
Authors: Albrecht Eduardo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter describes programs that collect data about the physical body, providing biometric, medical, and genetic information. It traces the history of such data collection beginning in late nineteenth-century France, with Bertillonage, before examining the rise of fingerprinting as an identification method. We review how biometric monitoring grew into, and alongside, the eugenics movement, which in turn has ties to modern methods of biodata collection. Contemporary programs surveyed include facial recognition technology (FRT), originally a US military tool now ubiquitous worldwide—particularly in China where advancements in FRT led to the development of the Skynet program. Future trends in biometric technologies look at the expansion of the wearables market beyond the smartwatch to, for example, smart clothing and jewelry. These technological developments are discussed within the framework of their potential use by government authorities and the implications for citizenship. The concept of the “informatized body” is used to better understand the increasingly blurred boundary between a person’s physical body and the reams of information collected about it.
Europe
Authors: Albrecht Eduardo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter includes interviews with Sarah Chander, Senior Policy Advisor with European digital rights organization EDRi, and Caterina Rodelli, EU Policy Analyst for the digital rights nonprofit organization Access Now. The chapter looks at the role and activities of these organizations, including their work on the EU’s AI Act—which regulates certain uses of AI in government, for example banning social scoring. In Chander’s interview she discusses the threat to privacy stemming from certain technical details in the EU’s new regulation. Rodelli explains the purpose of the #ProtectNotSurveil campaign, which is calling for a ban on the use of automated risk assessments for asylum seekers in the EU. She also explains how information derived from different databases is used for migration forecasting and the potential civil rights implications of this.
Africa
Authors: Albrecht Eduardo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter includes interviews with Patricia Boshe, co-founder and co-director of the African Law and Technology Institute, a research institute that studies the nexus between law, technology, and society in Africa, and Kwami Ahiabenu II, director of Penplusbytes, a nonprofit promoting innovation and good governance across Africa through the effective use of information communication technologies. In Boshe’s interview, she discusses the ease with which governments in Africa can use surveillance and data collection technologies without transparency, and describes governments’ use of social media platforms to monitor citizens’ speech. Ahiabenu II discusses the use of private surveillance tools by governments, and the potential impact of emerging technologies, like central bank digital currencies (the eNaira in Nigeria and eCedi in Ghana), on civil liberties in Africa.
Communism, Confucianism, Cultural Values, and Survey Challenges for Understanding Abortion Attitudes
Authors: Adamczyk Amy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the remaining macro-level factors that contribute to cross-national abortion disapproval. Communist history and Confucian culture are especially important. Even though the Soviet Union collapsed in the early 1990s, the political system left an indelible mark on abortion attitudes and behaviors. Likewise, countries with Chinese or Confucian histories are unique from others in shaping residents’ disapproval. The many reasons for these differences are discussed. The chapter also shows that personal values related to the family, sexual morality, and ending life are essential for understanding individual differences. But they do not contribute to cultural effects that influence most residents’ abortion views over and above their personal values. Next I examine over two dozen additional country characteristics that would logically seem related to abortion disapproval but do not have a statistical relationship. Finally, I discuss the different dimensions of the abortion debate and how question wording can affect survey findings.
Introduction
Authors: Kirchin Simon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Abstract
There has been a great deal written about normativity in recent years by philosophers, with a range of accounts developed and questions raised. Various normative notions (or seemingly normative notions) have all attracted a great deal of attention; notions such as reason, duty, ought, obligation, value, standard and norm, and the notion of fittingness. We find discussions of normativity, and perhaps the normative itself, in many domains of philosophical enquiry: ethics, aesthetics, epistemology, logic, and more. Similarly, many figures from the history of philosophy have their thoughts cast in a normative manner. There has been so much written recently about the very idea of normativity that we need to take stock of where we are and think about how present work might point to future thought. This Introduction summarizes various trends of thought, questions, and ideas that philosophers have recently discussed and uses these as a platform to speculate about what directions there might be for future work about normativity. The chapter ends by summarizing the chapters in this volume whilst tying them to the author’s previous thoughts.
Choosing the Right Companion
Authors: Lord Errol 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Abstract
Norms come cheap. Many have thought that, while this is of course true, there are some domains of normativity that have special authority. Norms of Victorian etiquette are one thing; morality is another. This chapter is about authority (or robust normativity). It focuses on two overlapping topics. First, companions in virtue arguments. These are arguments that attempt to show that one domain is authoritative because it is structurally similar to an authoritative domain. The chapter explores some instances of this argument that treat the epistemic as authoritative and attempt to derive the authority of companion domains from the epistemic. The second topic is the structure of three (going on four) normative domains. The chapter starts with the epistemic and then expands to the aesthetic and the moral. One surprising conclusion is that while the aesthetic is a good companion to the epistemic, the moral is not (or not fully). This will lead to discussion of a fourth domain—the practical— which promises to be a better companion with the epistemic, but only by being much more expansive than the moral.
Normative Indispensability
Authors: Roberts Debbie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Abstract
Platonism in philosophy of mathematics and non-naturalist realism in metanormative theory seem to share key features. This chapter argues that the Quine–Putnam indispensability argument made by Platonists in philosophy of maths can be fruitfully pursued by non-reductive realists in metaethics. Thick evaluative concepts, and their role in scientific theories, play a key role in the normative version of the indispensability argument. The chapter makes the case that this strategy can deliver much of what the robust realist non-naturalist wishes to hold, including the sui generis nature of normative properties. However, the resulting view, like that of Platonists who pursue the analogous strategy, is naturalist rather than non-naturalist.
Normative-to-Normative Reductionism and the Case of Aesthetics
Authors: King Alex 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Abstract
Reductionisms are everywhere in philosophy, but surprisingly little has been said in any systematic way about reductions of some normative phenomena to other normative phenomena. This chapter aims to make some headway on that project. I call such reductions normative-to-normative reductions, and Iassess some of the prospects and problems for those normative-to-normative reductions that aim to reduce an entire domain of normativity to some other domain. In doing so, the chapter argues against views that reduce the aesthetic to some other domain, including pleasure, prudence, desire, and social practices. This chapter also examines and classifies the argumentative strategies deployed and compares those to existing debates about other normative-to-normative reductionisms, including epistemic instrumentalism. It ends with an extended discussion of whether the reductionist view loses the distinctiveness of the reduced domain. This raises larger questions about what’s at stake in choosing between reductionism and eliminativism and how we individuate normative domains.
On the Normativity of Fit
Authors: Kirchin Simon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Abstract
The notions of fitting and fittingness are assumed to be normative notions in much of modern academic philosophy. These notions appear when thinking about the relations between valuable objects and the responses that should or should not fit such objects because of their value. (These notions are also considered in relation to normative notions such as reasons, oughts, and standards.) In contrast, it is also very common to assume in modern academic philosophy that the different notions of fit and fitness—those that appear in cases such as shoes fitting feet and keys fitting locks—are nonnormative notions. This chapter draws attention to these assumptions and (a) puts forward the case for thinking that the notions of fit, fitness, fitting, and fittingness are very alike such that if some should be considered to be normative, then they all should be; and (b) argues that there is independently good reason to think that fit and fitness are normative notions. Towards the end, I consider an objection against my suggestion that fit and fitness are normative. This allows me to suggest one question for future work on normativity: how sharply different are the broad categories of the normative and the nonnormative in the first place?
The Supervenience of the Normative and the Autonomy of Essence
Authors: McPherson Tristram , Plunkett David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Abstract
This chapter evaluates Stephanie Leary’s philosophically rich reply to the supervenience challenge facing non-naturalistic realist views in metaethics (and metanormative inquiry more broadly). Her proposal relies on a novel idea of “hybrid” normative properties, which are properties with a distinctive kind of essence. Through the course of engaging her argument, this chapter argues for revising a central principle in the epistemology of metaphysics—namely, “Modest Humean” —that one of the authors (McPherson) used in previous work to regiment the supervenience challenge. This chapter deploys the revised principle to clarify the resulting dialectic. It argues that the revised principle allows us to see clearly why we ought to be skeptical of Leary’s strategy (as a way of defending the credibility of non-naturalism). It then argues that clarifying the dialectic facing Leary’s strategy has a host of broader payoffs. First, it allows us to clearly spell out what the non-naturalist would need to do in order to develop a more promising version of Leary’s strategy. Second, it allows us to better understand how intimately connected the supervenience challenge is to the task of offering a metaphysically illuminating formulation of the non-naturalist’s view. Third, it allows us to see why it makes sense that contemporary non-naturalists are increasingly rejecting the supervenience thesis that generates the challenge in the first place. And, finally, it allows us to clearly see why it is of paramount importance that we are clear and explicit about the epistemic goals of our metaphysical theorizing.