bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity in the angiogenic response of a BT474 human breast cancer to a novel vascular endothelial growth factor‐receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor: Assessment by voxel analysis of dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Li Ka‐Loh , Wilmes Lisa J. , Henry Roland G. , Pallavicini Maria G. , Park John W. , Hu‐Lowe Dana D. , McShane Teresa M. , Shalinsky David R. , Fu Y‐J , Brasch Robert C. , Hylton Nola M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the heterogeneity in the angiogenic response of a human breast cancer xenograft to a novel vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, AG‐013736, using dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging (DCE‐MRI).Materials and MethodsChanges in pharmacokinetic parameters in a seven‐day interval were compared between AG‐treated and control groups, using Gd‐DTPA and albumin‐(Gd‐DTPA)30. A voxel‐by‐voxel analysis was performed to produce parametric spatial pharmacokinetic parametric maps and histograms. Histogram segmentation was used to quantify the heterogeneity in tumor response to therapy, and compared with conventional descriptive measures of distribution in terms of their capacity to separate control from AG‐treated tumors.ResultsThe albumin‐(Gd‐DTPA)30 endothelial transfer constant, Kps, showed changes with AG‐013736 treatment and tumor growth. The changes were highly heterogeneous for individual segments of the histogram with different Kps values, and the overall patterns in which the frequency distribution changed differed significantly between the two groups. A change in the number of voxels with Kps rangingfrom 0.03 to 0.14 mL/min/(100 mL tissue) was the most sensitive variable for separating control from AG‐treated tumors (P = 0.0008). Parametric maps of the kinetic parameters also showed spatial heterogeneity in tumor response to treatment. The Kps maps depicted rapid development of central necrosis as a result of AG‐013736 treatment. Maps of vp demonstrated a marked increase at peripheral regions of necrotic areas. Similar trends were noted in the Gd‐DTPA rate constant Ktrans distribution.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the value of histogram analysis of maps of pharmacokinetic parameters for assessing heterogeneity in tumor response to antiangiogenic therapy. Changes in the number of voxels within certain segments of the Kps histogram were the most sensitive variable for separating control from AG‐treated tumors. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tractography‐based quantitation of diffusion tensor imaging parameters in white matter tracts of preterm newborns
Authors: Partridge Savannah C. , Mukherjee Pratik , Berman Jeffrey I. , Henry Roland G. , Miller Steven P. , Lu Ying , Glenn Orit A. , Ferriero Donna M. , Barkovich A. James , Vigneron Daniel B. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the feasibility of performing diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) to map and quantify the pyramidal white matter tracts of premature newborns.Materials and MethodsFourteen diffusion tensor MRI (DTI) examinations of nine premature newborns were evaluated. DTT was performed to segment bilateral pyramidal tracts, using a fiber‐tracking algorithm originating in the cerebral peduncle (CP) and filtering through the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC) and precentral gyrus (PCG). Voxels containing the resulting tracts were then used for quantitation of DTI parameters along the tract. The DTT‐based tract measurements were compared with standard manually placed region‐of‐interest (ROI) measurements at four locations along the pyramidal tract, and the reproducibility of each technique was evaluated.ResultsDTT demonstrated improved reproducibility over manual ROI measurement for pyramidal tract quantitation and was less subject to intra‐operator variability (P < 0.0001, Fisher test for equal variance). In general, the anatomic locations and measurements obtained with the two techniques were in good agreement, although some systematic differences were identified in the PLIC and CP.ConclusionFiber DTT is feasible in premature newborns, provides more reproducible tract measurements than manual ROI methods, and allows quantitation along the entire tract for more detailed DTI assessment of white matter maturation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of alfalfa protein concentrate on spatial learning and memory in weaned rats
Authors: García‐López Pedro M , Alfaro Noe , García‐Estrada Joaquín , Bañuelos‐Pineda Jacinto , Gurrola‐Díaz Carmen M , García‐López Jesús S , Rodiles Carmen Gómez , Ruíz‐López Mario A , Garzón‐de la Mora Pedro 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAlfalfa has been used as animal feedstuff and nowadays as a human dietary supplement in undernourished populations. Therefore, we considered whether a 65 °C prepared unfractionated alfalfa protein concentrate (UAPC) could be capable of supporting the normal body growth of weaned rats as well as their spatial learning, memory and astroglial organization. Rats were fed isocaloric (1.8 kJ g−1) and isoproteic (100 g kg−1) diets for 28 days containing UAPC or casein as their protein source. Thereafter, animals were submitted to a Morris water maze test (MWM) followed by an evaluation of memory retention. At the end of the spatial learning tests, the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus astrocyte population was morphologically and immunohistochemically analyzed. UAPC had two limiting essential amino acids that seem to have retarded rates of growth and caused temporary learning and memory alterations. The UAPC diet induced a transitory memory loss as well as a recoverable memory retention delay after returning to a commercial ration. The astrocyte cell number was decreased in the parietal cortex and arcuate nucleus but not in the hippocampus; however, the latter showed a minor reduction in their cell density. UAPC did not adequately support the development of weaned rats, and decreased the number of astrocytes in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Negatively charged sol‐gel column with stable electroosmotic flow for online preconcentration of zwitterionic biomolecules in capillary electromigration separations
Authors: Li Wen , Fries David , Malik Abdul 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA negatively charged sol‐gel coating was developed for on‐line preconcentration of zwitterionic biomolecules in capillary electrophoresis (CE), using asparagine and myoglobin as representative zwitterionic bioanalytes. The sol‐gel coating was created by using a solution containing three precursors: mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS), tetramethoxysilane (TMOS), and n‐octadecyltriethoxysilane (C18‐TEOS). The resulting sol‐gel coating contained chemically bonded mercaptopropyl functional groups that were further oxidized by hydrogen peroxide to the corresponding sulfonic acid moieties. Such a surface‐bonded sol‐gel coating can carry a negative charge over a wide range of pH due to the presence of deprotonated sulfonic acid groups. Under favorable pH conditions, the negatively charged sol‐gel coating can facilitate the extraction of positively charged analytes from a zwitterionic sample through electrostatic interaction. This principle was employed to extract myoglobin and asparagine by passing aqueous samples of these zwitterionic analytes through a negatively charged sol‐gel column. The extracted analytes were then desorbed and focused via local pH change and stacking. The local pH change was accomplished by passing a buffer solution with a pH above the solute pI value, while a dynamic pH junction between the sample solution and the background electrolyte was utilized to facilitate solute focusing. The sorption/desorption phenomena could, perhaps, also be explained on the basis of ion‐exchange and local pH junction effects. On‐line preconcentration and analysis results obtained on sulfonated sol‐gel columns were compared with those obtained on an uncoated fused silica capillary of identical dimensions using conventional sample injections. Using UV detection, the presented sample preconcentration technique provided a sensitivity enhancement factor (SEF) on the order of 3×103 for myoglobin, and 7×103 for asparagine.
Dynamic three‐dimensional undersampled data reconstruction employing temporal registration
Authors: Irarrazaval Pablo , Boubertakh Redha , Razavi Reza , Hill Derek 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDynamic 3D imaging is needed for many applications such as imaging of the heart, joints, and abdomen. For these, the contrast and resolution that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers are desirable. Unfortunately, the long acquisition time of MRI limits its application. Several techniques have been proposed to shorten the scan time by undersampling the k‐space. To recover the missing data they make assumptions about the object's motion, restricting it in space, spatial frequency, temporal frequency, or a combination of space and temporal frequency. These assumptions limit the applicability of each technique. In this work we propose a reconstruction technique based on a weaker complementary assumption that restricts the motion in time. The technique exploits the redundancy of information in the object domain by predicting time frames from frames where there is little motion. The proposed method is well suited for several applications, in particular for cardiac imaging, considering that the heart remains relatively still during an important fraction of the cardiac cycle, or joint imaging where the motion can easily be controlled. This paper presents the new technique and the results of applying it to knee and cardiac imaging. The results show that the new technique can effectively reconstruct dynamic images acquired with an undersampling factor of 5. The resulting images suffer from little temporal and spatial blurring, significantly better than a sliding window reconstruction. An important attraction of the technique is that it combines reconstruction and registration, thus providing not only the 3D images but also its motion quantification. The method can be adapted to non‐Cartesian k‐space trajectories and nonuniform undersampling patterns. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of a FMRFamide‐like family of neuropeptides in the pharyngeal nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Papaioannou Sylvana , Marsden David , Franks Christopher J. , Walker Robert J. , Holden‐Dye Lindy 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe nervous system of C. elegans has a remarkable abundance of flp genes encoding FMRFamide‐like (FLP) neuropeptides. To provide insight into the physiological relevance of this neuropeptide diversity, we have tested more than 30 FLPs (encoded by 23 flps) for bioactivity on C. elegans pharynx. Eleven flp genes encode peptides that inhibit pharyngeal activity, while eight flp genes encode peptides that are excitatory. Three potent peptides (inhibitory, FLP‐13A, APEASPFIRFamide; excitatory, FLP‐17A, KSAFVRFamide; excitatory, FLP‐17B, KSQYIRFamide) are encoded by flp genes, which, according to reporter gene constructs, are expressed in pharyngeal motoneurons. Thus, they may act through receptors localized on the pharyngeal muscle. The two other potent peptides, FLP‐8 (excitatory AF1, KNEFIRFamide,) and FLP‐11A (inhibitory, AMRNALVRFamide), appear to be expressed in extrapharyngeal neurons and are therefore likely to act either indirectly or as neurohormones. Intriguingly, a single neuron can express peptides that have potent but opposing biological activity in the pharynx. Only five flp genes encode neuropeptides that have no observable effect on the pharynx, but none of these have shown reporter gene expression in the pharyngeal nervous system. To examine the roles of multiple peptides produced from single precursors, a comparison was made between the bioactivity of different neuropeptides for five flp genes (flp‐3, flp‐13, flp‐14, flp‐17, and flp‐18). For all but one gene (flp‐14), the effects of peptides encoded by the same gene were similar. Overall, this study demonstrates the impressive neurochemical complexity of the simple circuit that regulates feeding in the nematode, C. elegans. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2005
Defining the competencies of those conducting pharmacovigilance
Authors: Edwards Brian , Tilson Hugh H. , West Suzanne L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPurposeThe absence of agreed competencies in pharmacovigilance and patient risk management is a key factor hindering the development of training and a curriculum in these interrelated disciplines. If competencies were to be developed, they could be tailored to the different roles and responsibilities of the various staff involved.ProposalWe describe a simple theoretical model of functional and behavioural competencies that is based on an organisation with three levels of staff: evidence collectors and gatherers, evidence processors and distillers, and decision makers.ConclusionsTo stimulate discussion about how to enhance the progress already being made in pharmacovigilance and patient risk management, we have proposed functional and behavioural competencies for pharmacovigilance as a way of identifying and measuring scientific and personal skills pertinent to pharmacovigilance. Competencies should, we believe, be agreed and adopted by all those seeking to improve pharmacovigilance. We invite discussion of these proposals. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adverse drug reactions causing hospitalization can be monitored from computerized medical records and thereby indicate the quality of drug utilization
Authors: von Euler Mia , Eliasson Erik , Öhlén Gunnar , Bergman Ulf 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPurposeTo use computerized medical records to study the frequency of adverse drug reactions (ADR) as a cause for acute admission to a university hospital.MethodsComputerized medical records in 168 consecutively acutely admitted cases to a short‐term internal medicine ward at a university hospital were retrospectively evaluated to see if an ADR could have caused the admission.ResultsIn 18 cases (11%), an ADR was judged to be the reason for acute admission to the hospital. Augmented pharmacological effects (type A reactions) accounted for 89% of the cases. An additional eight cases (5%) were intentional intoxications with prescription drugs. ADR‐associated hospital admissions were age‐related (average age 72 compared to 65 in patients admitted for other reasons) and also associated with poly‐pharmacy (8.3 drugs compared to 5.2). The ADR was considered to arise from a drug–drug interaction in four cases (22%). Although all ADRs fulfilled the criteria for mandatory reporting, none of them were reported to the Swedish Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee (SADRAC).ConclusionsThe observed frequency of ADR‐related acute hospital admissions in this pilot study is similar to earlier reported data from Sweden and abroad. Almost all of these reactions were known pharmacological (type A) reactions and many therefore theoretically preventable. In contrast to many prospective and costly studies, this retrospective analysis of computerized medical records offered a simple method that can be used in routine health care and also serve as an indicator of the quality of drug use. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Specific ionic conduction in poly[oligo (oxyethylene glycol) methacrylate] (PMEO)–Li salt complexes under high‐pressure CO2
Authors: Tominaga Yoichi , Hirahara Shingo , Asai Shigeo , Sumita Masao 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe measured the ionic conductivity of amorphous poly[oligo (oxyethylene glycol) methacrylate] (PMEO)–lithium salt complexes under a CO2 pressure varying from 0.1 to 20 MPa. The pressure dependence of the conductivity was positive, and the conductivity was higher than that under an inert gas such as N2. The ion‐conductive behavior has been modeled using both the Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher (VTF) equation and activation volume theory. The calculated parameters of the VTF equation show that CO2 that had permeated into the PMEO matrix acts as solvent molecules to dissolve ions and lower the glass transition temperature at high pressures. The ionic conduction in PMEO complexes under high‐pressure CO2 was scarcely related to the VTF parameters and activation volume equations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3151–3158, 2005
The role of physical and psychological symptoms in desire for death: a study of terminally ill cancer patients
Authors: Mystakidou Kyriaki , Parpa Efi , Katsouda Emmanuela , Galanos Antonis , Vlahos Lambros 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe current study assessed the attitudes of the desire for hastened death in terminally ill cancer patients and whether these are determined by their physical and psychological symptoms. The final sample consisted of 106 terminally ill cancer patients attending a Palliative Care Unit, in University of Athens, Greece, between June and October 2004. Significant associations were found between the desire for hastened death (D.H.D.) and ‘pain’ (r=0.469, p<0.005), ‘fatigue’ (r=0.591, p<0.0005), ‘loss of appetite’ (r=0.622, p<0.0005) and ‘feeling sad’ (r=0.635, p<0.0005). Statistically significant associations were also found between Schedule of Attitudes towards Hastened Death (SAHD) scores, age (r=0.300, p=0.002) and ECOG (p<0.0005). Twenty‐six percent of the patients reported high D.H.D. while 41% reported moderate desire. In the prediction of SHAD the contribution of ‘pain’ (p=0.011), ‘lack of appetite’ (p=0.012) and ‘sadness’ (p=0.011) is high (42% of variance).Further findings suggest that D.H.D. is significantly related to ‘feeling sad’, ‘lack of appetite’, ‘pain’ and ‘fatigue’ after controlling for age, gender and performance status according to ECOG in terminally ill cancer patients. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Operational discipline in the workplace
Authors: Klein James A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to review the development, application, and continuous improvement of operational discipline programs at DuPont. DuPont defines operational discipline as a deeply rooted dedication and commitment by each member of the organization to carry out each task the right way, each time. Operational discipline reflects the strength of an organization's safety culture in making environmental health and safety (EHS) systems effective and in providing tangible results for preventing injuries and incidents. In addition, a high level of operational discipline typically contributes to improved business performance through higher productivity, higher quality, reduced waste, and lower costs. Eleven characteristics are used to help evaluate and drive continuous improvement of operational discipline by self‐assessments, audits, and incident investigations. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2005
Chirality index, molecular overlay and biological activity of diastereoisomeric mosquito repellents
Authors: Natarajan Ramanathan , Basak Subhash C , Balaban Alexandru T , Klun Jerome A , Schmidt Walter F 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBoth 1‐methylisopropyl 2‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)piperidine‐1‐carboxylate, (Picaridin®) and cyclohex‐3‐enyl 2‐methylpiperidin‐1‐yl ketone (AI3‐37220; 220) have two asymmetric centers, and the four diastereoisomers of each compound are known to have differing degrees of mosquito‐repellent activity according to quantitative behavioral assays conducted at the United States Department of Agriculture. Computational chemistry was used to identify the structural and configurational basis for repellent activity. Molecular overlay of the optimized geometries of the lowest energy conformers of the diastereoisomers was investigated to elucidate the role of chiral centers in 220 and Picaridin. It was found that the presence of a chiral carbon alpha to the nitrogen with the S configuration in the piperidine ring is essential to the three‐dimensional arrangement of the atoms of the pharmacophore for effective repellent activity. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Kinetics of carbon precipitation and re‐solution in low Si‐content silicon iron
Authors: Walz F. , Wakisaka T. , Kronmüller H. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn low Si‐charged silicon iron (Fe + 0.1%Si) the kinetics of carbon diffusion, precipitation and redissolution have been carefully studied by means of the magnetic after‐effect (MAE) within the temperature range 200 K < Ta < 1100 K. The activation parameters of respective processes have been determined by means of least squares fitting the experimental data. In the presence of substitutionally alloyed Si, the C‐Richter MAE gives rise to two Debye‐type relaxation peaks – resulting from elementary steps of carbon diffusion combined with reorientation in the (i) unperturbed and (ii) Si‐modified Fe matrix – situated near 265 K and 320 K, with activation enthalpies, Qi, of 0.84 eV and 1.08 eV. Two‐stage carbon precipitation, obeying first order kinetics, occurs, intensively, near 390 K with the elementary C diffusion enthalpy of 0.84 eV and, rather weakly, near 540 K with an enthalpy of 1.18 eV. The resulting precipitates are discussed in terms of partly intra‐grain deposited iron carbide phases (Fe3C) and, mainly, grain‐boundary determined C trapping. Decomposition of these precipitates occurring, again, in two stages – situated near 740 K and 950 K, with activation enthalpies of 1.72 and 2.02 eV – leads to a restitution of the state of maximum interstitially dissolved C in the matrix. Of practical importance for silicon steel fabrication is the observation that, after complete C precipitation (Ta . 580 K), the material can be kept in a state of minimum dissolved carbon content – and hence of minimum ac‐losses – by not allowing it to warm up above Ta ≤ 650 K. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural characteristics of gels prepared from sonohydrolysis and conventional hydrolysis of TEOS: an emphasis on the mass fractal as determined from the pore size distribution
Authors: Vollet D. R. , Torres R. R. , Donatti D. A. , Ibañez Ruiz A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSilica gels were preparated from fixed proportion mixtures of tetraethoxysilane, water and hydrocloric acid, using either ultrasound stimulation (US) or conventional method (CO) in the hydrolysis step of the process. Wet gels were obtained with the same silica volume concentration and density. According to small‐angle X‐ray scattering, the structure of the wet gels can be described as mass fractal structures with mass fractal dimension D = 2.20 in a length scale ξ = 7.9 nm, in the case of wet gels US, and D = 2.26 in a length scale ξ = 6.9 nm, in the case of wet gels CO. The mass fractal characteristics of the wet gels US and CO account for the different structures evolved in the drying of the gels US and CO in the obtaining of xerogels and aerogels. The pore structure of the dried gels was studied by nitrogen adsorption as a function of the temperature. Aerogels (US and CO) present high porosity with pore size distribution (PSD) curves in the mesopore region while xerogels (US and CO) present minor porosity with PSD curves mainly in the micropore region. The dried gels US (aerogels and xerogels) generally present pore volume and specific surface area greater than the dried gels CO. The mass fractal structure of the aerogels has been studied from an approach based on the PSD curves exclusively. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)