bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O uso de passiflora no tratamento dos distúrbios de ansiedade em tempos de pós-COVID-19: Uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Calixto Maria Eduarda , Finardi Julia , Noldin Vânia Floriani 
Published: January 2024

A ansiedade é um estado emocional que consiste em uma resposta adaptativa do organismo perante situações de ameaça, sendo considerada, até certo ponto, uma condição fisiológica. Os transtornos de ansiedade apresentaram um aumento considerável após a pandemia da COVID-19, os quais são associados a fatores como o isolamento social, medo de contágio/internação e perda de familiares, além da interrupção dos serviços psiquiátricos e psicológicos. Diferentes espécies de Passiflora sp., conhecida popularmente como passiflora ou maracujá medicinal, apresentam efeitos calmantes e sedativos sobre o sistema nervoso central (SNC). Os compostos ativos presentes na passiflora modulam a atividade serotoninérgica e potencializam a atividade gabaérgica, esta última, semelhante a ação dos benzodiazepínicos. O objetivo deste estudo, visto o aumento dos casos de ansiedade durante e pós pandemia de COVID-19, foi avaliar o uso de passiflora como tratamento para ansiedade, por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. De acordo com os estudos revisados, foi evidenciado que os fitoterápicos contendo Passiflora sp. são importantes alternativas medicamentosas para o tratamento da ansiedade, pois além de eficácia para tratar transtornos de ansiedade generalizada, são de fácil acesso e a incidência de efeitos adversos foi menor quando comparados com os medicamentos de primeira linha, como antidepressivos e benzodiazepínicos. Por fim, é vasta a lista de benefícios terapêuticos e econômicos para ampliar o uso de fitoterápicos contendo Passiflora sp. em países subdesenvolvidos como o Brasil, e que apresentam elevadas taxas de transtornos de ansiedade e dependência química aos psicotrópicos.
Novel use pattern of pendimethalin for annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) control in wheat and barley
Authors: Mahajan Gulshan , Chauhan Bhagirath S. 
Published: January 2024

Annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) is a problematic weed in most of the cropping regions in Australia. Evolved herbicide resistance to multiple modes of action groups, the lack of new herbicidal molecules, and the emergence of late cohorts in winter season crops necessitate the use of existing herbicides in an innovative way to control L. rigidum. Pendimethalin as pre-emergence (PRE) is used for L. rigidum control; however, it is unable to control late cohorts of L. rigidum in winter season crops. Pot studies were conducted from 2019 to 2021 to evaluate the effect of a post-emergence (POST) application of pendimethalin with six doses (0, 220, 440, 880, 1,760, and 3,520 g a.i. ha-1) on L. rigidum control in addition to crop safety in wheat, barley, and sorghum. POST application of pendimethalin was found to be safe for wheat and barley, and the biomass reduction in both crops at varied rates (220 to 3,520 g ha−1) of pendimethalin ranged from 10% to 20%. A dose–response study revealed that the pendimethalin dose required for 50% mortality and growth reduction of L. rigidum was 179 and 144 g ai ha−1, respectively. Pendimethalin at 880 g ai ha−1 completely killed late cohorts of L. rigidum. These results suggest that the POST application of pendimethalin can be used for the effective control of late cohorts of L. rigidum in wheat and barley crops. POST application of pendimethalin suppressed the biomass of sorghum plants compared with the non-treated control treatment, and biomass reduction in sorghum at different pendimethalin doses ranged from 32% to 40%. Results implied that POST applications of pendimethalin in wheat and barley can diversify herbicide programs in managing L. rigidum and may help in delaying the evolution of resistance in this weed.
Metabolic control of induced pluripotency
Authors: Sinenko Sergey A. , Tomilin Alexey N. 
Published: January 2024

Pluripotent stem cells of the mammalian epiblast and their cultured counterparts—embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs)—have the capacity to differentiate in all cell types of adult organisms. An artificial process of reactivation of the pluripotency program in terminally differentiated cells was established in 2006, which allowed for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This iPSC technology has become an invaluable tool in investigating the molecular mechanisms of human diseases and therapeutic drug development, and it also holds tremendous promise for iPSC applications in regenerative medicine. Since the process of induced reprogramming of differentiated cells to a pluripotent state was discovered, many questions about the molecular mechanisms involved in this process have been clarified. Studies conducted over the past 2 decades have established that metabolic pathways and retrograde mitochondrial signals are involved in the regulation of various aspects of stem cell biology, including differentiation, pluripotency acquisition, and maintenance. During the reprogramming process, cells undergo major transformations, progressing through three distinct stages that are regulated by different signaling pathways, transcription factor networks, and inputs from metabolic pathways. Among the main metabolic features of this process, representing a switch from the dominance of oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis and anabolic processes, are many critical stage-specific metabolic signals that control the path of differentiated cells toward a pluripotent state. In this review, we discuss the achievements in the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of processes controlled by metabolic pathways, and vice versa, during the reprogramming process.
Gut microbiome-based noninvasive diagnostic model to predict acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Wang Jincheng , Hu Zhao , Xu Qiuyue , Shi Yunke , Cao Xingyu , Ma Yiming , Wang Mingqiang , Zhang Chaoyue , Luo Xiang , Lin Fanru , Li Xianbin , Duan Yong , Cai Hongyan 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that alterations in the gut microbiota are closely associated with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) development. However, the value of gut microbiota for early diagnosis of ACS remains understudied.MethodsWe recruited 66 volunteers, including 29 patients with a first diagnosis of ACS and 37 healthy volunteers during the same period, collected their fecal samples, and sequenced the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Functional prediction of the microbiota was performed using PICRUSt2. Subsequently, we constructed a nomogram and corresponding webpage based on microbial markers to assist in the diagnosis of ACS. The diagnostic performance and usefulness of the model were analyzed using boostrap internal validation, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsCompared to that of healthy controls, the diversity and composition of microbial community of patients with ACS was markedly abnormal. Potentially pathogenic genera such as Streptococcus and Acinetobacter were significantly increased in the ACS group, whereas certain SCFA-producing genera such as Blautia and Agathobacter were depleted. In addition, in the correlation analysis with clinical indicators, the microbiota was observed to be associated with the level of inflammation and severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Finally, a diagnostic model for ACS based on gut microbiota and clinical variables was developed with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.963 (95% CI: 0.925–1) and an AUC value of 0.948 (95% CI: 0.549–0.641) for bootstrap internal validation. The calibration curves of the model show good consistency between the actual and predicted probabilities. The DCA showed that the model had a high net clinical benefit for clinical applications.ConclusionOur study is the first to characterize the composition and function of the gut microbiota in patients with ACS and healthy populations in Southwest China and demonstrates the potential effect of the microbiota as a non-invasive marker for the early diagnosis of ACS.
Prevalence, sex differences, and implications of pulmonary hypertension in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Anand Vidhu , Covington Megan K. , Saraswati Ushasi , Scott Christopher G. , Lee Alexander T. , Frantz Robert P. , Anavekar Nandan S. , Geske Jeffrey B. , Arruda-Olson Adelaide M. , Klarich Kyle W. 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionApical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM) is a subtype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) that affects up to 25% of Asian patients and is not as well understood in non-Asian patients. Although ApHCM has been considered a more “benign” variant, it is associated with increased risk of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, apical thrombi, stroke, and progressive heart failure. The occurrence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in ApHCM, due to elevated pressures on the left side of the heart, has been documented. However, the exact prevalence of PH in ApHCM and sex differences remain uncertain.MethodsWe sought to evaluate the prevalence, risk associations, and sex differences in elevated pulmonary pressures in the largest cohort of patients with ApHCM at a single tertiary center. A total of 542 patients diagnosed with ApHCM were identified using ICD codes and clinical notes searches, confirmed by cross-referencing with cardiac MRI reports extracted through Natural Language Processing and through manual evaluation of patient charts and imaging records.ResultsIn 414 patients, echocardiogram measurements of pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) were obtained at the time of diagnosis. The mean age was 59.4 ± 16.6 years, with 181 (44%) being females. The mean PASP was 38 ± 12 mmHg in females vs. 33 ± 9 mmHg in males (p &lt; 0.0001). PH as defined by a PASP value of &gt; 36 mmHg was present in 140/414 (34%) patients, with a predominance in females [79/181 (44%)] vs. males [61/233 (26%), p &lt; 0.0001]. Female sex, atrial fibrillation, diagnosis of congestive heart failure, and elevated filling pressures on echocardiogram remained significantly associated with PH (PASP &gt; 36 mmHg) in multivariable modeling. PH, when present, was independently associated with mortality [hazard ratio 1.63, 95% CI (1.05–2.53), p = 0.028] and symptoms [odds ratio 2.28 (1.40, 3.71), p &lt; 0.001].ConclusionPH was present in 34% of patients with ApHCM at diagnosis, with female sex predominance. PH in ApHCM was associated with symptoms and increased mortality.
Numerical simulation of CO2-enhanced oil recovery in fractured shale reservoirs using discontinuous and continuous Galerkin finite element methods
Authors: Ma Tianran , Jiang Lintong , Liu Yanbao , Guo Chaobin , Shen Weijun , Xu Yongli 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: This study explores the potential of enhancing shale oil recovery and reducing CO2 emissions through CO2 injection in fractured shale reservoirs. The importance of this approach lies in its dual benefit: improving oil extraction efficiency and addressing environmental concerns associated with CO2 emissions.Method: We employed a discrete fracture-matrix model to simulate CO2 flooding in fractured shale reservoirs, utilizing both discontinuous Galerkin (DG) and continuous Galerkin (CG) finite element methods. The DG-CG FEM’s accuracy was validated against the McWhorter problem, ensuring the reliability of the simulation results. Our model also considered various factors, including reservoir heterogeneity, fracture permeability, CO2 injection volume, and gas injection patterns, to analyze their impact on shale oil recovery.Result: Our simulations revealed that fractured reservoirs significantly enhance shale oil production efficiency compared to homogeneous reservoirs, with an approximate 48.9% increase in production. A notable increase in shale oil production, by 15.8%, was observed when fracture permeability was increased by two orders of magnitude. Additionally, a fourfold increase in CO2 injection rate resulted in a 31.5% rise in shale oil production. Implementing a step-by-step reduction in injection volume while maintaining the total CO2 injection constant proved to be more effective than constant-rate injections.Discussion: The study demonstrates the effectiveness of CO2 flooding in fractured shale reservoirs for enhancing shale oil recovery.
Managing the challenge of fatigue for pilots operating ultra-long range flights
Authors: Signal T. L. , van den Berg M. J. , Zaslona J. L. , Wu L. , Hughes M. , Johnston B. , Dyer C. , Drane M. , Glover M. 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionUltra-long range (ULR) flights are defined as exceeding regulatory limits: normally 16 h flight time. They pose challenges due to long duty periods that could result in extended wakefulness and sleep loss, increasing the risk of fatigue. This study describes the mitigations used to manage fatigue in these operations. Two data collection phases were conducted on the Auckland-Chicago ULR route: when the route commenced (Study 1) and when the flight crew complement was altered (Study 2). Seasonal differences were also investigated.MethodsStudy 1 involved 72 crew who completed diaries and wore an actigraph to record sleep pre-departure, throughout the trip, and on return. In-flight, fatigue, sleepiness and workload were reported, and reaction time performance was measured. Study 2 involved 75 crew and data collection in the northern summer and northern winter. Crew completed diaries throughout the trip.ResultsStudy 1 data found crew sleep longer than usual in the 24 h pre trip and post flights. On the shorter outbound flight in-flight sleep averaged 3.3 h and on the longer inbound flight, 3.3–3.8 h, with most crew taking 3 breaks. Ratings of sleepiness and fatigue increased, and reaction time performance declined across flights, with greater decrements on longer inbound flights. Pilots did not fully adjust their sleep patterns to local time during the layover and no seasonal differences were found. Comparisons between Study 1 and 2 showed no difference in ratings of fatigue and sleepiness or in-flight sleep duration with an altered crew complement. There was a trend for Captains to report greater workload and less in-flight sleep in Study 2.DiscussionMitigations that allow for preparation and recovery are well utilized by crew. In-flight sleep is relatively short and ways of increasing the amount of sleep obtained should be considered. The incomplete adaptation of sleep during the layover has implications for rest break strategies on the return flight. The altered crew complement did not result in higher levels of fatigue or sleepiness or less in-flight sleep on average, although findings suggest a need to understand the effects of changing the crew complement on workload and in-flight sleep for Captains.
Assembly and analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of the Chinese wild dwarf almond (Prunus tenella)
Authors: Liu Xingyue , Zhang Dongdong , Yu Zhenfan , Zeng Bin 
Published: January 2024

Background: The wild dwarf almond (Prunus tenella) is one of the national key grade II-protected wild plants in China. It is a relic deciduous forest species from the middle Eocene of the ancient Mediterranean Sea and is also known as a “living fossil of plants.” It is distributed in Southeast Europe, West Asia, Central Asia, Siberia, and Xinjiang (Tacheng) and other areas of China. The plant grows on arid slopes, steppes, depressions, and valleys at an altitude of 1,200 m. The seeds of wild dwarf almonds are frost resistant and contain oil and bitter lentil glycosides, which possess medicinal value. Additionally, the seeds of wild dwarf almonds can be used as the original material for breeding new varieties of almonds and obtain ornamental flowers and trees.Results: The complete mitochondrial genome of P. tenella was sequenced and assembled using two sequencing platforms, namely, Illumina Novaseq6000 and Oxford Nanopore PromethION. The assembled genome was 452,158-bp long with a typical loop structure. The total number of A, T, C, and G bases in the genome was 122,066 (26.99%), 124,114 (27.45%), 103,285 (22.84%), and 102,693 (22.71%), respectively, with a GC content of 45.55%. A total of 63 unique genes, including 36 protein-coding genes, 24 tRNA genes, and 3 rRNA genes, were identified in the genome. Furthermore, codon usage, sequence duplication, RNA editing, and mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA fragment transfer events in the genome were analyzed. A phylogenetic tree was also constructed using 30 protein-coding genes that are common to the mitochondrial genomes of 24 species, which indicated that the genome of wild lentils is highly conserved with those of apples and pears belonging to Rosaceae.Conclusion: Assembly and annotation of the P. tenella mitochondrial genome provided comprehensive information about the mitochondrial genome of wild dwarf almonds, This study provides information on the mitochondrial genome of Prunus species and serves as a reference for further evolutionary studies on wild dwarf almonds.
Cancer incidence, mortality, and survivorship in African women: a comparative analysis (2016–2020)
Authors: Nwagwu Chibuikem Chrysogonus , Ogoke Uchenna Petronilla 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesThis research aims to provide concrete insight into cancer incidence, mortality, and survivorship dynamics among African women between 2016 and 2020.MethodsThe study computes the Mortality-to-Incidence Ratio (MIR) for 53 countries in Africa with available mortality and incidence data. It uses relevant Life Tables to obtain the 5-year Relative Survival rate for women in different age cohorts based on General Survival Rate and 5-year Cancer Prevalence data from the World Health Organization (WHO). The study performs an analysis of variance tests.ResultsThe results of the initial data analysis show that women in the top economies in Africa have the highest cancer incidence and mortality. The study also finds that women in Northern and Southern African countries have higher relative survival rates and lower MIR than other African regions. ANOVA results confirm statistically significant differences in 5-year relative survival across the African regions. The relative survival at 5 years was an average of 45% across all age groups within the continent although relative survival is highest among females aged 5–19 and 80–84. The lowest relative survival rates are seen for infants (0–4), adolescents and young adults (25–29), and the very elderly (85+).ConclusionThe study concludes that while cancer incidence in Africa is linked to affluence, survival is very challenging, especially for the least developed economies in Western, Eastern, and Central Africa. The results indicate the need for crucial intervention in the continent concerning awareness, research, and data collection methodology.
Delays in the decision to seek care and associated factors among mothers who delivered in rural health centers in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Gelaw Kelemu Abebe , Atalay Yibeltal Assefa , Zerefu Firehiwot , Gebeyehu Natnael Atnafu 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundDelays in seeking care in health facilities during pregnancy and childbirth can potentially lead to adverse outcomes for women with obstetric complications. These complications lead to maternal mortality and morbidity in developing countries such as Ethiopia. The magnitude and underlying causes of maternal first delay in Ethiopia, particularly in rural areas of the country, are not well documented. This study aims to assess the magnitude of delay in the decision to seek care and associated factors among mothers who gave birth in rural health centers in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia.Method and materialsA facility-based cross-sectional study was undertaken among mothers who gave birth in rural health centers of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia, from 30 June 2020 to 30 July 2022. A sample size of 410 study participants was selected from each public health center using the systematic random sampling method. Data were collected from a pretested and structured questionnaire using an Open Data Kit; analysis was carried out using SPSS version 25. The determining factors for the first delay were identified using binary logistic regression. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.25 in binary analysis were selected for a multivariable analysis. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsThe magnitude of delay in the decision to seek care in health facilities was 42.1% among mothers who gave birth in rural health centers in the Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Unemployed mothers (Adjusted Odd Ratio, 2,529; 95% CI, 1.546, 4.136), husbands with no formal education (Adjusted Odd Ratio, 1.290; 95% CI, 1.029, 1.616), mothers who had negative attitudes towards seeking care in health facilities, and (Adjusted Odd Ratio; 1.695; 95% CI, 1.061, 2.709) were significantly associated with a delay in the decision to seek care at a health facility.ConclusionThe magnitude of the first maternal decision to seek care at health facilities among mothers was high in the study area. Efforts should be made to strengthen the literacy level of the husbands of mothers and increase household income through various income-generating approaches. In addition, the dissemination of health information could effectively raise community awareness of the importance of institutional delivery.
Platelets modulate cardiac remodeling via the collagen receptor GPVI after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Reusswig Friedrich , Dille Matthias , Krüger E. , Ortscheid J. , Feige Tobias , Gorressen S. , Fischer J.-W. , Elvers Margitta 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionPlatelets play an important role in cardiovascular diseases. After acute myocardial infarction, platelets display enhanced activation and migrate into the infarct zone. Furthermore, platelets trigger acute inflammation and cardiac remodeling leading to alterations in scar formation and cardiac function as observed in thrombocytopenic mice. GPVI is the major collagen receptor in platelets and important for platelet activation and thrombus formation and stability. Antibody induced deletion of GPVI at the platelet surface or treatment of mice with recombinant GPVI-Fc results in reduced inflammation and decreased infarct size in a mouse model of AMI. However, the role of GPVI has not been fully clarified to date. Methods/ResultsIn this study, we found that GPVI is not involved in the inflammatory response in experimental AMI using GPVI deficient mice that were analyzed in a closed-chest model. However, reduced platelet activation in response to GPVI and PAR4 receptor stimulation resulted in reduced pro-coagulant activity leading to improved cardiac remodeling. In detail, GPVI deficiency in mice led to reduced TGF-β plasma levels and decreased expression of genes involved in cardiac remodeling such as Col1a1, Col3a1, periostin and Cthrc1 7 days post AMI. Consequently, collagen quality of the scar shifted to more tight and less fine collagen leading to improved scar formation and cardiac function in GPVI deficient mice at 21d post AMI. ConclusionTaken together, this study identifies GPVI as a major regulator of platelet-induced cardiac remodeling and supports the potential relevance of GPVI as therapeutic target to reduce ischemia reperfusion injury and to improve cardiac healing.