bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth of myrmekite coronas by contact metamorphism of granitic mylonites in the aureole of Cima di Vila, Eastern Alps, Italy
Authors: Cesare B. , Marchesi C. , Connolly J. A. D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn the contact aureole of the Oligocene granodiorite of Cima di Vila, granitic pegmatites of Variscan age were strongly deformed during eo‐Alpine regional metamorphism, with local development of ultramylonites. In the ultramylonite matrix, consisting of quartz, plagioclase, muscovite and biotite, microstructures show grain growth of quartz within quartz ribbons, and development of decussate arrangements of mica. These features indicate that dynamic recrystallization related to mylonite development was followed by extensive static growth during contact metamorphism. K‐feldspar porphyroclasts up to 1.5 cm are mantled by myrmekite that forms a continuous corona with thickness of about 1 mm. In both XZ and YZ sections, myrmekite tubules are undeformed, and symmetrically distributed in the corona, and oligoclase‐andesine hosts have random crystallographic orientation. Myrmekite development has been modelled from the P–T–t evolution of the ultramylonites, assuming that the development of the ultramylonites occurred during eo‐Alpine metamorphism at c. 450 °C, 7.5 kbar, followed by contact metamorphism at c. 530 °C, 2.75 kbar. Phase diagram pseudosections calculated from the measured bulk composition of granitic pegmatite protolith indicate that the equilibrium assemblage changes from Qtz–Phe–Ab ± Zo ± Cpx ± Kfs during the ultramylonite stage to Qtz–Pl(An30–40)–Ms–Kfs–Bt(Ann55) during the contact metamorphic stage. The thermodynamic prediction of increasing plagioclase mode and anorthite content, change of white mica composition and growth of biotite, occurring during the end of the heating path, are in agreement with the observed microstructures and analysed phase compositions of ultramylonites. Along with microstructural evidence, this supports the model that K‐feldspar replacement by myrmekite took place under static conditions, and was coeval with the static growth accompanying contact metamorphism. Myrmekite associated with muscovite can develop under prograde (up‐temperature) conditions in granites involved in polymetamorphism.
Long‐term thermal consequences of the redistribution of heat‐producing elements associated with large‐scale granitic complexes
Authors: Sandiford M. , Mclaren S. , Neumann N. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCrustal thermal regimes are sensitive to both the amount and distribution of heat producing elements (HPEs). Since a significant proportion of the crustal complement of HPEs is contained within granites, granite generation and emplacement should lead to significant long‐term changes in the thermal structure of the crust. Using HPE concentrations appropriate to representative Australian Proterozoic granites we show that granite segregation leads to changes in the temperature field of the crust of up to c. 50 °C, producing long‐term cooling in the source regions and heating at emplacement levels, relative to the pre‐granite conductive thermal regime. Because of the intimate connection between thermal regime and lithospheric strength, granite‐assisted redistribution of HPEs is likely to be fundamental to cratonisation.
The integral role of topical and oral retinoids in the early treatment of acne
Authors: Shalita A 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis article will review the rationale for early use of topical retinoids alone or in combination with topical antimicrobials in light of the pathogenesis of microcomedones and later lesions. Knowledge of the pathogenic processes in acne vulgaris has risen dramatically over the last three decades. It is now widely accepted that acne is the result of four distinct processes: increased proliferation, cornification, and shedding of follicular epithelium; increased sebum production; colonization of the follicle with Propionibacterium acnes; and induction of inflammatory responses by bacterial antigens and cell signals. Clinical focus of disease management has shifted toward earlier treatment targeting these fundamental processes. Elimination of microcomedones, the precursor to all subsequent lesions, would optimize acne therapy by preventing the later inflammatory stages of disease. With the exception of oral isotretinoin, no single first‐line agent addresses all pathogenic mechanisms. Topical retinoids have comedolytic and in some cases anti‐inflammatory effects, but have no direct impact on P. acnes. Thus treatment with a combination of topical retinoid and topical antimicrobial is warranted. The former can also enhance penetration of the latter by increasing microcomedonal extrusion. In selecting a combination, one must consider efficacy, cost, and likelihood of compliance. Once thought to be effective primarily for treating comedones, topical retinoids have also been demonstrated to be effective in reducing inflammatory lesions. The activity of a topical retinoid combined with an antimicrobial agent has been shown to clear more lesions and to clear them more rapidly than antimicrobial therapy alone. Topical retinoids are also used effectively to maintain remissions.
Histopathological study of feline eosinophilic dermatoses
Authors: Fondati Alessandra , Fondevila Dolores , Ferrer Luis 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA retrospective study was conducted on skin specimens from 24 cats with eosinophilic granuloma complex. The specimens were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and Gallego’s trichrome stain. In all specimens, flame figures and/or large foci of so‐called ‘collagen degeneration’ were detected and histopathological features were not predictive of the clinical picture. Use of the term eosinophilic dermatosis was advocated in diagnostic dermatopathology. On trichrome‐stained sections, normally stained collagen fibres were identified in the middle of both flame figures and large foci of ‘collagen degeneration’ and the debris surrounding collagen bundles showed the same tinctorial properties as eosinophil granules. Eosinophil degranulation around collagen bundles seemed to represent the major pathogenetic event in these lesions, analogous with human flame figures. The term flame figures might therefore be more accurately used to designate those foci of eosinophilic to partly basophilic debris commonly referred to as ‘collagen degeneration’.
Heterologous complementation of yeast reveals a new putative function for chloroplast m‐type thioredoxin
Authors: Issakidis‐Bourguet Emmanuelle , Mouaheb Nabil , Meyer Yves , Miginiac‐Maslow Myroslawa 
Published: March 2003

SummaryIn the chloroplast of higher plants, two types of thioredoxins (TRX), namely TRX m which shows high similarity to prokaryotic thioredoxins and TRX f which is more closely related to eukaryotic thioredoxins, have been found and biochemically characterized, but little is known about their physiological specificity with respect to their target(s). Here, we tested, in vivo, the ability of organelle‐specific TRX from Arabidopsis thaliana to compensate for TRX deficiency of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant strain. Seven plant organellar TRX (four of the m type, two of the f type and a newly discovered TRX x of prokaryotic type) were expressed in yeast in a putative mature form. None of these heterologous TRX were able to restore growth on sulphate or methionine sulphoxide of the mutant cells. When we tested their ability to rescue the oxidant‐hypersensitive phenotype of the TRX‐deficient strain, we found that TRX m and TRX x, but not TRX f, affected the tolerance to oxidative stress induced by either hydrogen peroxide or an alkyl hydroperoxide. Athm1, Athm2, Athm4 and Athx induced hydrogen peroxide tolerance like the endogenous yeast thioredoxins. Unexpectedly, Athm3 had a hypersensitizing effect towards oxidative stress. The presence of functional heterologous TRX was checked in the recombinant clones tested, supporting distinct abilities for organelle‐specific plant TRX to compensate for TRX deficiency in yeast. We propose a new function for the prokaryotic‐type chloroplastic TRX as an anti‐oxidant and provide in vivo evidence for different roles of chloroplastic TRX isoforms.
Tooth size and morphology in twins
Authors: Kabban M. , Fearne J. , Jovanovski V. , Zou L. 
Published: March 2003

Summary.Objective. To assess concordance of tooth size and occlusal morphology in monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (non‐identical) twins compared to unrelated controls in order to determine how much these dental traits are related to inheritance.Methods. Mesiodistal and bucco‐lingual dimensions of tooth size in 34 pairs of twins were measured with dial callipers. In addition, the occlusal morphology of nine pairs of teeth was assessed using a co‐ordinate measuring machine with a non‐contact laser probe.Results. The results showed greater concordance in tooth size for both mesiodistal and bucco‐lingual dimensions within twin pairs compared to twin and unrelated controls. Furthermore, monozygotic (MZ) twins showed greater concordance than dizygotic (DZ) twins for all permanent teeth with statistically significant variance for the mesiodistal dimension (P = 0·01) but not bucco‐lingual dimension.Superimposed computer models of the digitized occlusal surfaces showed a high degree of similarity for MZ twins compared to DZ twins. The mean intrapair deviation was 147 µm for MZ, 209 µm for DZ and 258 µm for unrelated controls.Conclusions. The remarkable similarity in the tooth size and morphology of monozygotic twins suggests a strong inheritability factor to tooth size and shape and that these may be useful as additional tools for zygosity determination along with other dental traits.
Oral findings in Carpenter Syndrome
Authors: Blankenstein R. , Brook A. H. , Smith R. N. , Patrick D. , Russell J. M. 
Published: March 2003

Summary.Acrocephalopolysyndactyly Type II (Carpenter Syndrome) is determined by autosomal recessive inheritance. Only some 40 cases have been described. Variable clinical signs have been described including prolonged retention of primary teeth and hypodontia. This paper describes the oral and dental findings in a family containing two affected brothers. The family pedigree is informative, as the mother has had children by three partners. The two affected individuals are full brothers. The first affected brother has delayed dental development, severe hypodontia and small tooth crown size. Mesio‐distal and bucco‐lingual dimensions were measured on the study models and compared with population data. The younger brother also has delayed dental development but only mild hypodontia. Their half sister has severe hypodontia but no signs of Carpenter Syndrome.This family study demonstrates two affected individuals with typical clinical features and a pedigree compatible with autosomal recessive inheritance. Small tooth crown size has been shown by standardized measurement and evidence advanced that hypodontia is not part of the syndrome but a coincidental finding which segregates independently. We have also shown that the marked delay in emergence of teeth is associated more with problems of tooth eruption, possibly related to the bony abnormalities, than to a generalized delay in dental development.
The role of the mouthguard in the prevention of sports‐related dental injuries: a review
Authors: Newsome P. R. H. , Tran D. C. , Cooke M. S. 
Published: March 2003

Summary.Objectives.This paper examines the literature dealing with oral–facial injuries received during participation in sport and the possibilities open to athletes for their prevention. In particular, the paper examines five different aspects of this topic: the risk of dental injury while playing sports, the role of the mouthguard in preventing injury, types of athletic mouthguard, implications for patients undergoing orthodontic treatment and behavioural aspects of mouthguard wear.Results.It is clear from this review that participation in a number of sports does carry a considerable risk of sustaining dental injury, not only in the so‐called contact sports such as rugby and hockey, but also in less obviously dangerous sports such as basketball. Although some evidence exists to the contrary, the majority of studies have found the mouthguard to be the most effective way of preventing such injuries. It is also clear that the custom‐fabricated mouthguard, in particular the pressure‐laminated variety, is seen to afford most protection. Athletes undergoing orthodontic treatment present a particular problem as they are potentially at greater risk of injury because of increased tooth mobility and the presence of orthodontic appliances. The fabrication of mouthguards for these patients is also problematic and the literature covering this is reviewed. As with other preventive measures, mouthguard usage is often less than the dental profession would like; the reasons for this are explored in a small number of studies.Conclusion.While much progress has been made in this area, the profession could do much more to promote the greater use of mouthguards.
Poor prenatal detection rate of cardiac anomalies in Noonan syndrome
Authors: Menashe M. , Arbel R. , Raveh D. , Achiron R. , Yagel S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundThe wide variation and nonspecific nature of many of the associated ultrasonographic findings complicate prenatal diagnosis of Noonan syndrome. The aim of the present study was to define the rate of prenatal diagnosis of heart malformations in cases diagnosed postnatally with Noonan syndrome.MethodsEnglish‐language literature review of 29 cases of Noonan syndrome examined prenatally with confirmed postnatal diagnosis and four case reports from our center.ResultsCases were evaluated for cervical spine pathologies, cardiac anomalies and other pathological findings, including hydrops fetalis and polyhydramnios. Cardiac anomalies were suspected in only nine of 33 cases; three of these were associated with cystic hygroma. Cardiac anomalies were eventually diagnosed in 31/33 cases postnatally. Polyhydramnios was diagnosed in 19/33 cases in the third trimester, and hydrops fetalis was detected in eight of 33. Cystic hygroma was present in a total of nine cases at mid‐trimester.ConclusionsNoonan syndrome is characterized by late‐onset and progressive pathologies, particularly the associated cardiac anomalies, which develop through the course of gestation and postnatal life. This complicates or precludes prenatal diagnosis at mid‐trimester or at any time in the prenatal period, and partly explains the low rate of detection of fetal cardiac lesions in this syndrome. Copyright © 2002 ISUOG
Rebleeding and endometrial growth in women with postmenopausal bleeding and endometrial thickness <5 mm managed by dilatation and curettage or ultrasound follow‐up: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Epstein E. , Valentin L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the frequency of rebleeding and endometrial growth during a 12‐month follow‐up period between women with postmenopausal bleeding and an endometrial thickness < 5 mm managed by dilatation and curettage, and those managed by ultrasound follow‐up.DesignConsecutive women with postmenopausal bleeding and an endometrial thickness < 5 mm were randomized to ultrasound follow‐up after 3, 6, and 12 months (n = 48) or to primary dilatation and curettage with ultrasound follow‐up at 12 months (n = 49). At all follow‐up examinations, the endometrial thickness was measured and the women were asked about rebleeding. The endometrium was sampled at the 12‐month examination, if sampling had not been performed previously because of rebleeding or endometrial growth.ResultsRebleeding was reported by 33% (16/48) of the women in the ultrasound group and by 21% (10/48) of those in the dilatation and curettage group (P = 0.17). Endometrial growth to ≥ 5 mm was found in 21% (10/48) of the women in the ultrasound group and in 10% (5/48) of those in the dilatation and curettage group (P = 0.16). No endometrial pathology was found in women with isolated rebleeding. Endometrial pathology during follow‐up was found more often in women with endometrial growth than in those without (33% vs. 4%; P = 0.008).ConclusionRebleeding and endometrial growth are common during a follow‐up period of 12 months in women with postmenopausal bleeding and an endometrial thickness < 5 mm, irrespective of whether or not dilatation and curettage is primarily carried out. If these women are managed by ultrasound follow‐up, endometrial sampling should be performed if the endometrium grows, but not necessarily in the case of rebleeding without endometrial growth. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Maternal uterine artery Doppler studies at high altitude and sea level
Authors: Krampl E. R. , Espinoza‐Dorado J. , Lees C. C. , Moscoso G. , Bland J. M. , Campbell S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo determine uterine artery impedance using Doppler in the second and third trimesters at sea level and at high altitude.MethodsUterine artery resistance and pulsatility indices (RI and PI, respectively) were obtained by Doppler velocimetry from 242 women in Cerro de Pasco (4300 m altitude) and 200 women in Lima (sea level), all with normal singleton pregnancies between 14 and 40 weeks of gestation. Impedance indices at high altitude and sea level were compared using fractional polynomial regression analysis.ResultsImpedance to uterine artery blood flow was lower at high altitude than at sea level (for PI ratio Lima/Cerro de Pasco = 1.06; P = 0.011). If gestation bands were compared, the difference was significant up to 25 weeks.ConclusionAt high altitude, pregnancy is associated with lower uteroplacental impedance than at sea level. This may reflect a compensatory mechanism of uteroplacental development to lower oxygen tension associated with altitude.Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The reproducibility of endometrial volume acquisition and measurement with the VOCAL‐imaging program
Authors: Raine‐Fenning N. , Campbell B. , Collier J. , Brincat M. , Johnson I. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the intraobserver reproducibility of volume acquisition and repeatability of endometrial volume measurements using the VOCAL™‐imaging program (Virtual Organ Computer‐aided AnaLysis).MethodsTen three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound datasets of the same endometrium were obtained from one patient during one scan session. For every 3D dataset, the endometrial volume was calculated by four different measurement techniques; three rotational methods and one conventional method. A single observer acquired each dataset and conducted all measurements. For the rotational technique, the manual mode was used to trace the myometrial–endometrial border through three different predefined rotations of 30°, 15° and 9°. Endometrial volume was also measured in a conventional manner by scrolling through one of the multiplanar images and outlining the contour in another. Ten consecutive measurements were taken for each of the four measurement techniques so that 40 endometrial volume readings were obtained for each of the 10 3D‐ultrasound datasets.ResultsEndometrial volume measurements were more reproducible with the rotational technique. Rotational methods employing a rotation step of less than 30° were associated with coefficients of variation below 1% and intraclass correlation coefficients above 0.94. Within each of the 10 different scans, the homogeneity of the variance of measurements was significantly different according to the method of measurement (P = 0.022 to <0.001). Post‐hoc tests revealed that both the conventional and 30° rotational methods resulted in a significantly smaller mean endometrial volume than both the 15° and the 9° rotational methods.ConclusionsEndometrial volume acquisition is reproducible and endometrial volume measurements are repeatable but they depend upon the technique of volume calculation in so much as rotational methods employing a rotation step of less than 30° are associated with a significantly smaller variance in measurements and a significantly greater mean endometrial volume. Copyright © 2002 ISUOG
A multiplex PCR‐based method derived from random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers for the identification of species of theAnopheles minimusgroup in Southeast Asia
Authors: Kengne P. , Trung H. D. , Baimai V. , Coosemans M. , Manguin S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEffective control ofAnopheles minimuss.l., an important malaria vector in Southeast Asia, is based on the accurate identification of species withinAn. minimuscomplex, which cannot be distinguished using morphological characters. Derived from individual random amplified polymorphic DNA markers, sequence characterized amplified regions were analysed for the design of species‐specific paired‐primers. Combination of these primers resulted in the development of a simple, robust multiplex PCR able to identify both speciesAn. minimusA and C belonging to the complex, hybrids AC, and three sympatric and closely related species,An. aconitus,An. pampanaiandAn. varuna. Hybrids AC do not possess alleles of both parents but exhibit novel adaptive potentials resulting from recombination among parental genes leading to hybrizyme.
Mizoribine: Mode of action and effects in clinical use
Authors: Yokota Shumpei 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMizoribine is a new immunosuppressive drug and was authorized by the Japanese Government in 1984. The strong immunosuppressive activity of mizoribine was already demonstrated in various animal models, in renal transplantation and in steriod‐resistant nephrotic syndrome. Recently, the remarkable clinical advantages of an imidazole for adults with rheumatoid arthritis, lupus nephritis and other rheumatic diseases were reported. Mizoribine is an imidazole nucleoside and the metabolites, MZ‐5‐P, exerts its activity through selective inhibition of inosine monophosphate synthetase and guanosine monophosphate synthetase, resulting in the complete inhibition of guanine nucleotide synthesis without incorporation into nucleotides. Thus, mizoribine is superior to azathioprine, in that it may not cause damages to normal cells and normal nucleic acid.
Placental protein 17b overexpression in human uterine cervical cancer
Authors: Than Gábor N. , Sümegi Balázs , Szekeres György , Bellyei Szabolcs , Than Nándor G. , Szigeti Andras , Bohn Hans 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe found overexpression of placental protein 17b (PP17b), cloned by us, in human squamous cervical carcinomas. Patients’ PP17b serum levels were elevated and declined after surgery. Healthy cervical epithelium was PP17 negative; in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma, basal‐type cells were negative, but squamous‐type cells were positive, for PP17. In HeLa cells, expression of PP17b correlated with cell differentiation and apoptosis.