bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Verification of Airborne Instrument Electromagnetic Emission Test
Authors: Lv Fengbao , Cao Changping , Du Xiaoxiao , Liao Sha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Electromagnetic compatibility is an important factor affecting aircraft performance and safety. With the increase in the number and type of airborne electronic equipment, the requirements for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of airborne equipment are increasingly high [1]. Taking airborne equipment as an example, this paper introduces in detail the problem locating method and rectification method of GJB151A standard CE102 and RE102 test exceeding the standard. It analyzes and summarizes the improper design and installation of EMI filters leading to tests exceeding the standard and gives the interference suppression method. Finally, the correctness of the method is verified by the EMC test.
Dual Random Noise Suppression Strategy for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Random Pulse Width Modulation and Random High-frequency Injection Method
Authors: Wang Dongwen , Ren Jingzhou , Sun Rui , Zhang Mengfei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study proposes an innovative dual control strategy to tackle the challenge of electromagnetic noise in the sensorless low-speed operation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM). The strategy combines random Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technology with a stochastic high-frequency injection approach. By incorporating two distinct randomized frequency switching techniques into the high-frequency injection circuit, the method integrates two-state Markov chains into both PWM technology and the random high-frequency injection method. Subsequently, a mathematical model for signal processing is developed, and extensive simulation and experimental verification are conducted. The experimental findings affirm the effectiveness of this approach in effectively mitigating electromagnetic noise while ensuring accurate location estimation within an acceptable range.
Design of a novel high-frequency link broadband inverter based on beat frequency principle
Authors: Wang Zi , Zhang Lu , Zhu Kaijun , Lai Zijian , Chen Pan , Ding Nan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As a kind of special power supply for testing, the broadband inverter has relatively high research value for technological innovation. With the goal of broadband output, this paper proposes a novel high-frequency link inverter topology based on the beat frequency and LCC resonance. Firstly, the working principle is studied. Then, aiming at large circulation problems in the beat frequency modulation process, the method of the series-connected four-coupling reactor is adopted. Finally, experimental results show that this novel inverter can realize broadband output from 20Hz to 1010Hz with voltage THD not exceeding 3% and the relative frequency error between setting and actual is within 0.2%. The whole work proves that this novel inverter has characteristics of broadband output, high-frequency link, current mode, and soft switching.
A high precision and low power consumption switching capacitor readout circuit
Authors: Jiang Yizhen , Duan Quanzhen , Huang Shengming , Li Penghai 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a high precision and low power switching capacitor readout circuit for MEMS sensors is proposed. The capacitance readout circuit is realized by using the total difference separation loop structure composed of a switching capacitor charge amplifier. In order to reduce the aggravation of common-mode parasitic capacitance to the input offset error and amplifier gain error in the readout circuit, the input common-mode feedback compensation structure and oversampled successive approximation (OSA) readout technology are introduced. In addition, the circuit adopts a non-overlapping nested clock to reduce charge injection and improve output accuracy. Based on SMIC 0.18 μm CMOS technology, the circuit can recognize 0-0.2 pF capacitance signals and convert them into voltage signals, achieving good linear fitting. When the common-mode parasitic capacitance is 1-16 p, it has good resistance to common-mode parasitic capacitance, and the precision of the capacitor readout circuit is increased by 3.9%. Compared with traditional readout circuits, it has a simple structure and low power consumption.
A Novel Nested Array Structure for DOA Based on CCM of Subarrays
Authors: Wang Chen , Huan Hao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An innovative nested array structure that can notably increase the DOF and the linear arrays’ direction of arrival (DOA) estimated performance is proposed. For the conventional nested array, we vectorize the ACM’s output of the whole array and then remove the repeated rows to get a virtual array’s output. In contrast with classical nested arrays, the superiority of the new nested array is that it utilizes the combination of reverse ordering and conjugation of the inner uniform linear array (ULA) for one of the two subarrays and the sparse outer ULA for another to increase the array aperture. This means the outer sparse ULA’s sensor spacing is approximately the length of the entire inner ULA in the classical nested array structure. Yet, it is about twice the length in the new nested array structure. We generate one lengthy consecutive virtual uniform array excluding any redundant virtual sensors by vectorizing the two subarrays’ cross-correlation matrix (CCM), which is mentioned above. With the export signal of the virtual array and its conjugate form of it, an equivalent covariance matrix of full rank is constructed, which is called the Toeplitz matrix, to compensate for the rank lack of the virtual array’s ACM. For the sake of obtaining the DOA of input signals, the conventional DOA estimation method will be implemented on the ACM. The increase in outer sparse ULA’s sensor spacing ensures an increase in virtual array aperture in principle, which means it is capable of increasing the number of DOA estimations, which is called DOF, and optimizing the DOA estimated performance in contrast with the ULA and classical nested arrays. Results from trials certify the preponderance of the proposed structure in the aspect of DOF and the accuracy of DOA estimation.
An Enhanced Application Authentication and Key Management in 5G
Authors: Li Jinhui , Huang Chengbin , Wang Jinhua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
AKMA (Application Authentication and Key Management) is a technology that 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) provides security capabilities to 5G (5th generation wireless systems) as a third party. At present, 3GPP has finalized the publication of AKMA specifications in Release 16 and is developing AKMA phase 2 in Release 18. At the current stage, it is recommended to conduct enhanced research on AKMA to solve some security problems of AKMA. This paper first briefly describes and analyzes the principles and technological development process of two mainstream application authentication technologies GBA (Generic Bootstrapping Architecture) and AKMA, and analyzes the advantages and limitations of these two technologies. Secondly, we also analyze the signaling loss caused by the AKMA process conducted independently by different application servers in the same trust domain, and the security risk caused by the long-term use of the same application key by AKMA users. Finally, this paper proposes solutions to AKMA performance and security problems from the perspective of security, universality, and performance impact.
Research and Application of Anti-electric Shock Communication Terminal Based on Internet of Things Technology
Authors: Ma Wenquan , Yu Haijing , You Yi , Ding Huaxiao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Leakage protection cannot effectively identify the voltage and current reception signals of electric shock grounding points that may pose a danger to personal safety through analysis of electric shock parameters, which is inherently inadequate. When a communication electric shock safety accident occurs, the accident site can be visually displayed in the safety prevention and control center, and an alarm is sent out. Meanwhile, relevant control instructions are issued to cut off the accident communication phase line to prevent secondary injury. In this paper, artificial intelligence and Internet of Things technology are applied to the communication system. The tag sensor is used in the monitoring system and is also used as the perception layer. The electric shock receiving signal obtained under the control circuit structure of the Internet of Things is determined by means of S transformation. The physical characteristics of wave frequency sensitivity are analyzed. Then, the external characteristics of biological shock are extracted with the help of the working frequency of each band of wavelet multi-resolution analysis, so that the electric shock model can deal with the hazards that cannot be identified by the traditional perception layer. The deep neural network is optimized to improve the recognition probability. Experiments verify that the recognition rate of the biological electric shock is as high as 99%, which further improves the stability of the leakage protection device and provides a guarantee for the normal operation of the communication system.
China’s growing human displacement risk caused by floods under 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C global warming and beyond
Authors: Qi Wei , Feng Lian , Liu Junguo , Zhu Xueping , Liu Yanli , Kuang Xingxing , Xie Zhigao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Human displacement is one of the most pressing global issues, and China has the world’s largest population affected by floods. Yet, the spatial and temporal variations of China’s Human Displacement Risk (HDR) caused by floods remain unclear. Here, we investigated China’s HDR caused by extreme floods under different global warming levels, including 1.5 °C, 2.0 °C and beyond. We developed an approach to estimate human displacement caused by floods in China. Based on this method, our findings indicate that China’s HDR will increase by ∼10.7 (∼11.0) times under 1.5 °C (2.0 °C) warming, and each 0.5 °C warming will increase HDR by 3 million on average. These great increases are mainly driven by climate change rather than population variations. Our results also reveal that the relationship between human displacement and increasing percentage of flood protection levels follows an exponential function. Additionally, we found that increasing China’s current flood protection standard by ∼46% (1.5 °C and 2.0 °C) and ∼59% (4.5 °C) would reduce future HDR to the historical period level. This study provides valuable insights into China’s HDR, which can aid in adaptive flood risk management amid the trend of shifting to a warmer and more extreme climate.
Beyond superoscillation: general theory of approximation with bandlimited functions
Authors: Karmakar Tathagata , Jordan Andrew N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We give a general strategy to construct superoscillating/supergrowing functions using an orthogonal polynomial expansion of a bandlimited function. The degree of superoscillation/supergrowth is controlled by an anomalous expectation value of a pseudodistribution that exceeds the band limit. The function is specified via the rest of its cumulants of the pseudodistribution. We give an explicit construction using Legendre polynomials in the Fourier space, which leads to an expansion in terms of spherical Bessel functions in the real space. The other expansion coefficients may be chosen to optimize other desirable features, such as the range of super behavior. We provide a prescription to generate bandlimited functions that mimic an arbitrary behavior in a finite interval. As target behaviors, we give examples of a superoscillating function, a supergrowing function, and even a discontinuous step function. We also look at the energy content in a superoscillating/supergrowing region and provide a bound that depends on the minimum value of the logarithmic derivative in that interval. Our work offers a new approach to analyzing superoscillations/supergrowth and is relevant to the optical field spot generation endeavors for far-field superresolution imaging.
Indigenous Australian grass seeds as grains: macrostructure, microstructure and histochemistry
Authors: Abedi Farkhondeh , Keitel Claudia , Khoddami Ali , Marttila Salla , Pattison Angela L , Roberts Thomas H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Utilization of grains of local grasses by Australia’s First Nations people for food and connection to Country has largely been lost due to colonization. Native Australian grain production has the potential to deliver environmental, economic, nutritional and cultural benefits to First Nations people and the wider community. Revitalization of the native grain food system can only be achieved if relevant properties of the grains are elucidated. This study aimed to characterize the grain structure and histochemistry of four Australian native grasses: Dactyloctenium radulans (Button Grass), Astrebla lappacea (Curly Mitchell Grass), Panicum decompositum (Native Millet) and Microlaena stipoides (Weeping Grass). For these species, as well as wheat and sorghum, whole-grain images were obtained via stereo microscopy, starch and the embryo were visualized, and sections of fixed grains were imaged via bright-field and fluorescence microscopy. The shape, size and colour of the whole native grains varied between the species. The aleurone layer was one-cell thick in the native species, as in the domesticated grains, except for Weeping Grass, which had a two-cell-thick aleurone. In the native grains, endosperm cell walls appeared thinner than in wheat and sorghum. Starch granules in Button Grass, Curly Mitchell Grass and Native Millet were found mainly in the central region of the starchy endosperm, with very few granules in the sub-aleurone layer, whereas Weeping Grass had abundant starch in the sub-aleurone. Protein appeared most abundant in the aleurone and sub-aleurone layers of the native grains, although in Button Grass, the starchy endosperm was observed to be rich in protein, as in wheat and sorghum. As a proportion of the whole grain, the embryo was larger in the native species than in wheat. The differences found in the grain properties among the four native Australian species have important implications for the agri-food industry in a changing climate.
Initial Management of Intra-abdominal Abscesses and Preventive Strategies for Abscess Recurrence in Penetrating Crohn’s Disease: A National, Multicentre Study Based on ENEIDA Registry
Authors: Casas Deza Diego , Polo Cuadro Cristina , de Francisco Ruth , Vela González Milagros , Bermejo Fernando , Blanco Ignacio , de la Serna Álvaro , Bujanda Luis , Bernal Lorena , Rueda García José Luis , Gargallo-Puyuelo Carla J , Fuentes-Valenzuela Esteban , Castro Beatriz , Guardiola Jordi , Ladrón Gemma , Suria Carles , Sáez Fuster Julia , Gisbert Javier P , Sicilia Beatriz , Gomez Raquel , Muñoz Vilafranca Carmen , Barreiro-De Acosta Manuel , Peña Elena , Castillo Pradillo Marta , Cerrillo Elena , Calvet Xavier , Manceñido Noemí , Monfort i Miquel David , Marín Sandra , Roig Cristina , Marce Ainhoa , Ramírez de Piscina Patricia , Betoré Elena , Martin-Cardona Albert , Teller Marta , Alonso Abreu Inmaculada , Maroto Nuria , Frago Santiago , Gardeazabal Diego , Pérez-Martínez Isabel , Febles González Ángel David , Barrero Sara , Taxonera Carlos , García de la Filia Irene , Ezkurra-Altuna Ander , Madero Lucía , Martín-Arranz María Dolores , Gomollón Fernando , Domènech Eugeni , García-López Santiago 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Intra-abdominal abscesses complicating Crohn’s disease [CD] are a challenging situation. Their management, during hospitalisation and after resolution, is still unclear.

Methods
Adult patients with CD complicated with intra-abdominal abscess. who required hospitalisation, were included from the prospectively maintained ENEIDA registry from GETECCU. Initial strategy effectiveness and safety to resolve abscess was assessed. Survival analysis was performed to evaluate recurrence risk. Predictive factors associated with resolution were evaluated by multivariate regression and predictive factors associated with recurrence were assessed by Cox regression.

Results
In all, 520 patients from 37 Spanish hospitals were included; 322 [63%] were initially treated with antibiotics alone, 128 [26%] with percutaneous drainage, and 54 [17%] with surgical drainage. The size of the abscess was critical to the effectiveness of each treatment. In abscesses &lt; 30 mm, the antibiotic was as effective as percutaneous or surgical drainage. However, in larger abscesses, percutaneous or surgical drainage was superior. In abscesses &gt; 50 mm, surgery was superior to percutaneous drainage, although it was associated with a higher complication rate. After abscess resolution, luminal resection was associated with a lower 1-year abscess recurrence risk [HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.24-0.76]. However, those patients who initiated anti-TNF therapy had a similar recurrence risk whether luminal resection had been performed.

Conclusions
Small abscesses [&lt;30mm] can be managed with antibiotics alone; larger ones require drainage. Percutaneous drainage will be effective and safer than surgery in many cases. After discharge, anti-TNF therapy reduces abscess recurrence risk in a similar way to bowel resection.
Has a national recruitment scheme created a positive intervention for Black, Asian or other Minority Ethnic pharmacy trainees?
Authors: Shamim Atif , Khan Khalid , Faisal Muhammad , Fleming Gail , Porter Helen , Zaman Hadar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
A National Recruitment Scheme (NRS) for Pharmacy trainees was introduced in England and Wales in 2017, standardising recruitment processes on behalf of employers and with the aim of reducing bias for candidates applying to training posts within the National Health Service (NHS). This research attempted to identify whether the introduction of the NRS had an impact on the recruitment of Black, Asian, or other Minority Ethnic applicants into the most sought-after posts within the Scheme (hospital posts).

Methods
An observational study was undertaken. Anonymised pharmacist trainee recruitment data between the cohort intakes of 2015–16 and 2020–21 was obtained from the pharmacy regulator the General Pharmaceutical Council and a comparison of proportional representations of ethnicities was undertaken, to ascertain whether a greater proportion of applicants from minority backgrounds attained the most sought-after posts in the NHS after the NRS was introduced. A robust generalised linear model was then used to analyse the data using binomial as the variance function and logit as a link function, where the proportion of hospital recruitment was an outcome with a two-way interaction between intervention and ethnicity after adjusting for overall proportion.

Key Findings
The statistical analysis of 18 283 pharmacy trainees in total, of whom 4446 were in hospital, shows a significant overall impact of intervention, with a significant positive change in the proportions of Asian-Pakistani applicants (P-value &lt; 0.001) and Black-African applicants (P-value &lt; 0.001) recruited to hospital posts.

Conclusions
Since the introduction of the NRS there has been a statistically significant impact on the correlation between the overall number of Black, Asian or other Minority Ethnic applicants and their proportion in hospital. That is, not only is the makeup of the hospital cohort increasingly reflecting the diversity of the overall cohort, but also a larger percentage of each ethnic cohort is attaining hospital training places.
Development and survivorship of Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) on cultivated and native Vitis spp. (Vitales: Vitaceae) of the Eastern United States
Authors: Elsensohn Johanna E , Nixon Laura J , Kloos Alyssa , Leskey Tracy C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As Lycorma delicatula (White) continues to spread across the United States, more winegrapes are potentially susceptible to damage from this pest. Lycorma delicatula, spotted lanternfly, is primarily associated with Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, a tree from its native range that is now globally distributed. While L. delicatula is a known pest of cultivated Vitis spp. in South Korea, its relationship with the specific grape species grown in the United States is unclear. This study assessed L. delicatula survivorship and development on 5 Vitis species, including 2 winegrape V. vinifera L. varieties, ‘Pinot Noir’ and ‘Chardonnay’, Concord grape, Vitis labrusca L., River grape, Vitis riparia Michx., and muscadine grape, Vitis rotundifolia Michx. var. ‘Carlos’. A diet of A. altissima served as a positive control. Lycorma delicatula provided with a diet of V. riparia or V. vinifera ‘Pinot Noir’ yielded the highest survivorship and fastest rates of development among grape diets and were statistically equivalent to those provided with A. altissima. Vitis rotundifolia did not support L. delicatula growth past the third-instar life stage, indicating this species is a poor host for the early development of this pest. Our results indicate that both V. riparia and V. vinifera are favorable hosts for L. delicatula and may provide the means for this insect to invade and establish in new regions.
Three-dimensional analysis of the intracellular architecture by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Koga Daisuke , Kusumi Satoshi , Yagi Hirokazu , Kato Koichi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The two-dimensional observation of ultrathin sections from resin-embedded specimens provides an insufficient understanding of the three-dimensional (3D) morphological information of membranous organelles. The osmium maceration method, developed by Professor Tanaka’s group &gt;40 years ago, is the only technique that allows direct observation of the 3D ultrastructure of membrane systems using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), without the need for any reconstruction process. With this method, the soluble cytoplasmic proteins are removed from the freeze-cracked surface of cells while preserving the integrity of membranous organelles, achieved by immersing tissues in a diluted osmium solution for several days. By employing the maceration method, researchers using SEM have revealed the 3D ultrastructure of organelles such as the Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in various cell types. Recently, we have developed new SEM techniques based on the maceration method to explore further possibilities of this method. These include: (i) a rapid osmium maceration method that reduces the reaction duration of the procedure, (ii) a combination method that combines agarose embedding with osmium maceration to elucidate the 3D ultrastructure of organelles in free and cultured cells and (iii) a correlative immunofluorescence and SEM technique that combines cryosectioning with the osmium maceration method, enabling the correlation of the immunocytochemical localization of molecules with the 3D ultrastructure of organelles. In this paper, we review the novel osmium maceration methods described earlier and discuss their potential and future directions in the field of biology and biomedical research.