bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase-engineering the Andreev band structure of a three-terminal Josephson junction
Authors: Coraiola Marco , Haxell Daniel Z. , Sabonis Deividas , Weisbrich Hannes , Svetogorov Aleksandr E. , Hinderling Manuel , ten Kate Sofieke C. , Cheah Erik , Krizek Filip , Schott Rüdiger , Wegscheider Werner , Cuevas Juan Carlos , Belzig Wolfgang , Nichele Fabrizio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn hybrid Josephson junctions with three or more superconducting terminals coupled to a semiconducting region, Andreev bound states may form unconventional energy band structures, or Andreev matter, which are engineered by controlling superconducting phase differences. Here we report tunnelling spectroscopy measurements of three-terminal Josephson junctions realised in an InAs/Al heterostructure. The three terminals are connected to form two loops, enabling independent control over two phase differences and access to a synthetic Andreev band structure in the two-dimensional phase space. Our results demonstrate a phase-controlled Andreev molecule, originating from two discrete Andreev levels that spatially overlap and hybridise. Signatures of hybridisation are observed in the form of avoided crossings in the spectrum and band structure anisotropies in the phase space, all explained by a numerical model. Future extensions of this work could focus on addressing spin-resolved energy levels, ground state fermion parity transitions and Weyl bands in multiterminal geometries.
Overemphasized role of preceding strong El Niño in generating multi-year La Niña events
Authors: Kim Ji-Won , Yu Jin-Yi , Tian Baijun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrevious studies have emphasized the significance of a strong El Niño preceding La Niña (LN) in the formation of multi-year LN events due to the slow recharge-discharge ocean heat content process. However, observational analyses from 1900 to 2022 reveal that the majority (64%) of multi-year LN events did not necessitate a preceding strong El Niño to generate their second LN, suggesting an overemphasis on traditional views. Instead, here we show that a negative phase of the North Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM) during spring, when the first LN begins to decay, activates the mechanism responsible for triggering another LN and producing a multi-year event. The westward extension of the first LN’s cold anomalies, which interact directly with the eastern edge of the western Pacific warm pool, is highlighted as a crucial factor in the occurrence of a negative PMM. Additionally, the PMM mechanism can create a third LN, leading to triple-dip events.
Climate change projected to impact structural hillslope connectivity at the global scale
Authors: Michalek Alexander T. , Villarini Gabriele , Husic Admin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStructural connectivity describes how landscapes facilitate the transfer of matter and plays a critical role in the flux of water, solutes, and sediment across the Earth’s surface. The strength of a landscape’s connectivity is a function of climatic and tectonic processes, but the importance of these drivers is poorly understood, particularly in the context of climate change. Here, we provide global estimates of structural connectivity at the hillslope level and develop a model to describe connectivity accounting for tectonic and climate processes. We find that connectivity is primarily controlled by tectonics, with climate as a second order control. However, we show climate change is projected to alter global-scale connectivity at the end of the century (2070 to 2100) by up to 4% for increasing greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Notably, the Ganges River, the world’s most populated basin, is projected to experience a large increase in connectivity. Conversely, the Amazon River and the Pacific coast of Patagonia are projected to experience the largest decreases in connectivity. Modeling suggests that, as the climate warms, it could lead to increased erosion in source areas, while decreased rainfall may hinder sediment flow downstream, affecting landscape connectivity with implications for human and environmental health.
Single-atom catalysts-based catalytic ROS clearance for efficient psoriasis treatment and relapse prevention via restoring ESR1
Authors: Lu Xiangyu , Kuai Le , Huang Fang , Jiang Jingsi , Song Jiankun , Liu Yiqiong , Chen Si , Mao Lijie , Peng Wei , Luo Ying , Li Yongyong , Dong Haiqing , Li Bin , Shi Jianlin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPsoriasis is a common inflammatory disease of especially high recurrence rate (90%) which is suffered by approximately 3% of the world population. The overexpression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a critical role in psoriasis progress. Here we show that biomimetic iron single-atom catalysts (FeN4O2-SACs) with broad-spectrum ROS scavenging capability can be used for psoriasis treatment and relapse prevention via related gene restoration. FeN4O2-SACs demonstrate attractive multiple enzyme-mimicking activities based on atomically dispersed Fe active structures, which are analogous to those of natural antioxidant enzymes, iron superoxide dismutase, human erythrocyte catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase. Further, in vitro and in vivo experiments show that FeN4O2-SACs can effectively ameliorate psoriasis-like symptoms and prevent the relapse with augmented efficacy compared with the clinical drug calcipotriol. Mechanistically, estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) is identified as the core protein upregulated in psoriasis treatment through RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Together, this study provides a proof of concept of psoriasis catalytic therapy (PCT) and multienzyme-inspired bionics (MIB).
Immune synapse formation promotes lipid peroxidation and MHC-I upregulation in licensed dendritic cells for efficient priming of CD8+ T cells
Authors: Calzada-Fraile Diego , Iborra Salvador , Ramírez-Huesca Marta , Jorge Inmaculada , Dotta Enrico , Hernández-García Elena , Martín-Cófreces Noa , Nistal-Villán Estanislao , Veiga Esteban , Vázquez Jesús , Pasqual Giulia , Sánchez-Madrid Francisco 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAntigen cognate dendritic cell (DC)-T cell synaptic interactions drive activation of T cells and instruct DCs. Upon receiving CD4+ T cell help, post-synaptic DCs (psDCs) are licensed to generate CD8+ T cell responses. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that enable psDCs licensing remain unclear. Here, we describe that antigen presentation induces an upregulation of MHC-I protein molecules and increased lipid peroxidation on psDCs in vitro and in vivo. We also show that these events mediate DC licensing. In addition, psDC adoptive transfer enhances pathogen-specific CD8+ T responses and protects mice from infection in a CD8+ T cell-dependent manner. Conversely, depletion of psDCs in vivo abrogates antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses during immunization. Together, our data show that psDCs enable CD8+ T cell responses in vivo during vaccination and reveal crucial molecular events underlying psDC licensing.
Hidden prevalence of deletion-inversion bi-alleles in CRISPR-mediated deletions of tandemly arrayed genes in plants
Authors: Liu Jiuer , Wang Feng-Zhu , Li Chong , Li Yujia , Li Jian-Feng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTandemly arrayed genes (TAGs) with functional redundancy and chromosomal linkage constitute 14 ~ 35% in sequenced plant genomes. The multiplex CRISPR system is the tool of choice for creating targeted TAG deletions. Here, we show that up to ~80% of CRISPR-mediated TAG knockout alleles in Arabidopsis and rice are deletion-inversion (delinver) bi-alleles, which are easily misidentified as homozygous deletion alleles by routine PCR-based genotyping. This can lead to misinterpretation of experimental data and production of progenies with genetic heterogeneity in an unnoticed manner. In ~2,650 transgenic events, delinver mutation frequencies are predominantly correlated with deletion frequencies but unrelated to chromosomal locations or deletion sizes. Delinver mutations also occur frequently at genomic non-TAG loci during multiplexed CRISPR editing. Our work raises the alarm about delinver mutations as common unwanted products of targeted TAG deletions in plants and helps prevent false interpretation of plant TAG functions due to this hidden genotype issue.
Circular wood use can accelerate global decarbonisation but requires cross-sectoral coordination
Authors: Forster Eilidh J. , Healey John R. , Newman Gary , Styles David 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPredominantly linear use of wood curtails the potential climate-change mitigation contribution of forestry value-chains. Using lifecycle assessment, we show that more cascading and especially circular uses of wood can provide immediate and sustained mitigation by reducing demand for virgin wood, which increases forest carbon sequestration and storage, and benefits from substitution for fossil-fuel derived products, reducing net greenhouse gas emissions. By United Kingdom example, the circular approach of recycling medium-density fibreboard delivers 75% more cumulative climate-change mitigation by 2050, compared with business-as-usual. Early mitigation achieved by circular and cascading wood use complements lagged mitigation achieved by afforestation; and in combination these measures could cumulatively mitigate 258.8 million tonnes CO2e by 2050. Despite the clear benefits of implementing circular economy principles, we identify many functional barriers impeding the structural reorganisation needed for such complex system change, and propose enablers to transform the forestry value-chain into an effective societal change system and lead to coherent action.
Single-cell morphological and topological atlas reveals the ecosystem diversity of human breast cancer
Authors: Zhao Shen , Chen De-Pin , Fu Tong , Yang Jing-Cheng , Ma Ding , Zhu Xiu-Zhi , Wang Xiang-Xue , Jiao Yi-Ping , Jin Xi , Xiao Yi , Xiao Wen-Xuan , Zhang Hu-Yunlong , Lv Hong , Madabhushi Anant , Yang Wen-Tao , Jiang Yi-Zhou , Xu Jun , Shao Zhi-Ming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDigital pathology allows computerized analysis of tumor ecosystem using whole slide images (WSIs). Here, we present single-cell morphological and topological profiling (sc-MTOP) to characterize tumor ecosystem by extracting the features of nuclear morphology and intercellular spatial relationship for individual cells. We construct a single-cell atlas comprising 410 million cells from 637 breast cancer WSIs and dissect the phenotypic diversity within tumor, inflammatory and stroma cells respectively. Spatially-resolved analysis identifies recurrent micro-ecological modules representing locoregional multicellular structures and reveals four breast cancer ecotypes correlating with distinct molecular features and patient prognosis. Further analysis with multiomics data uncovers clinically relevant ecosystem features. High abundance of locally-aggregated inflammatory cells indicates immune-activated tumor microenvironment and favorable immunotherapy response in triple-negative breast cancers. Morphological intratumor heterogeneity of tumor nuclei correlates with cell cycle pathway activation and CDK inhibitors responsiveness in hormone receptor-positive cases. sc-MTOP enables using WSIs to characterize tumor ecosystems at the single-cell level.
Recastable assemblies of carbon dots into mechanically robust macroscopic materials
Authors: Sui Bowen , Zhu Youliang , Jiang Xuemei , Wang Yifan , Zhang Niboqia , Lu Zhongyuan , Yang Bai , Li Yunfeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAssembly of nanoparticles into macroscopic materials with mechanical robustness, green processability, and recastable ability is an important and challenging task in materials science and nanotechnology. As an emerging nanoparticle with superior properties, macroscopic materials assembled from carbon dots will inherit their properties and further offer collective properties; however, macroscopic materials assembled from carbon dots solely remain unexplored. Here we report macroscopic films assembled from carbon dots modified by ureido pyrimidinone. These films show tunable fluorescence inherited from carbon dots. More importantly, these films exhibit collective properties including self-healing, re-castability, and superior mechanical properties, with Young’s modulus over 490 MPa and breaking strength over 30 MPa. The macroscopic films maintain original mechanical properties after several cycles of recasting. Through scratch healing and welding experiments, these films show good self-healing properties under mild conditions. Moreover, the molecular dynamics simulation reveals that the interplay of interparticle and intraparticle hydrogen bonding controls mechanical properties of macroscopic films. Notably, these films are processed into diverse shapes by an eco-friendly hydrosetting method. The methodology and results in this work shed light on the exploration of functional macroscopic materials assembled from nanoparticles and will accelerate innovative developments of nanomaterials in practical applications.
Prolonged hydrogen production by engineered green algae photovoltaic power stations
Authors: Gwon Hyo Jin , Park Geonwoo , Yun JaeHyoung , Ryu WonHyoung , Ahn Hyun S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInterest in securing energy production channels from renewable sources is higher than ever due to the daily observation of the impacts of climate change. A key renewable energy harvesting strategy achieving carbon neutral cycles is artificial photosynthesis. Solar-to-fuel routes thus far relied on elaborately crafted semiconductors, undermining the cost-efficiency of the system. Furthermore, fuels produced required separation prior to utilization. As an artificial photosynthesis design, here we demonstrate the conversion of swimming green algae into photovoltaic power stations. The engineered algae exhibit bioelectrogenesis, en route to energy storage in hydrogen. Notably, fuel formation requires no additives or external bias other than CO2 and sunlight. The cellular power stations autoregulate the oxygen level during artificial photosynthesis, granting immediate utility of the photosynthetic hydrogen without separation. The fuel production scales linearly with the reactor volume, which is a necessary trait for contributing to the large-scale renewable energy portfolio.
The changing impact of rural electrification on Indian agriculture
Authors: Ray Sudatta , Pullabhotla Hemant K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRural electrification policies in the developing world primarily focus on household power, often at the cost of electricity supply to other productive sectors of the economy. We examine the consequences of this imbalance in rural electrification policy priority on agricultural development in India. Electric pumping of groundwater for irrigation is a major driver of India’s agricultural growth. However, the government of India shifted its rural electrification focus towards universal household electrification starting early 2000s. Using a newly constructed panel-dataset spanning three decades, we find that districts electrifying after the policy change experience much lower gains in electrified groundwater irrigation. On average, electrifying 100 additional rural households is associated with an increase of two additional electrified wells among newly electrified districts – eight times lower compared to 16 electrified wells per 100 electrified households among districts electrified pre-policy change. Our estimates imply that newly electrified districts would have witnessed nearly 20% more irrigated cropland in the dry season if rural electrification policy priorities had not shifted away from agriculture. These results highlight the need to complement household electrification with powering income-generating sectors of the rural economy.
IDH1 mutation impairs antiviral response and potentiates oncolytic virotherapy in glioma
Authors: Chen Xueqin , Liu Jun , Li Yuqin , Zeng Yuequan , Wang Fang , Cheng Zexiong , Duan Hao , Pan Guopeng , Yang Shangqi , Chen Yuling , Li Qing , Shen Xi , Li Ying , Qin Zixi , Chen Jiahong , Huang Youwei , Wang Xiangyu , Lu Yuli , Shu Minfeng , Zhang Yubo , Wang Guocai , Li Kai , Lin Xi , Xing Fan , Zhang Haipeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIDH1 mutations frequently occur early in human glioma. While IDH1 mutation has been shown to promote gliomagenesis via DNA and histone methylation, little is known regarding its regulation in antiviral immunity. Here, we discover that IDH1 mutation inhibits virus-induced interferon (IFN) antiviral responses in glioma cells. Mechanistically, D2HG produced by mutant IDH1 enhances the binding of DNMT1 to IRF3/7 promoters such that IRF3/7 are downregulated, leading to impaired type I IFN response in glioma cells, which enhances the susceptibility of gliomas to viral infection. Furthermore, we identify DNMT1 as a potential biomarker predicting which IDH1mut gliomas are most likely to respond to oncolytic virus. Finally, both D2HG and ectopic mutant IDH1 can potentiate the replication and oncolytic efficacy of VSVΔ51 in female mouse models. These findings reveal a pivotal role for IDH1 mutation in regulating antiviral response and demonstrate that IDH1 mutation confers sensitivity to oncolytic virotherapy.
Rapid sensing of hidden objects and defects using a single-pixel diffractive terahertz sensor
Authors: Li Jingxi , Li Xurong , Yardimci Nezih T. , Hu Jingtian , Li Yuhang , Chen Junjie , Hung Yi-Chun , Jarrahi Mona , Ozcan Aydogan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTerahertz waves offer advantages for nondestructive detection of hidden objects/defects in materials, as they can penetrate most optically-opaque materials. However, existing terahertz inspection systems face throughput and accuracy restrictions due to their limited imaging speed and resolution. Furthermore, machine-vision-based systems using large-pixel-count imaging encounter bottlenecks due to their data storage, transmission and processing requirements. Here, we report a diffractive sensor that rapidly detects hidden defects/objects within a 3D sample using a single-pixel terahertz detector, eliminating sample scanning or image formation/processing. Leveraging deep-learning-optimized diffractive layers, this diffractive sensor can all-optically probe the 3D structural information of samples by outputting a spectrum, directly indicating the presence/absence of hidden structures or defects. We experimentally validated this framework using a single-pixel terahertz time-domain spectroscopy set-up and 3D-printed diffractive layers, successfully detecting unknown hidden defects inside silicon samples. This technique is valuable for applications including security screening, biomedical sensing and industrial quality control.
Chromatin accessibility landscape of relapsed pediatric B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Wang Han , Sun Huiying , Liang Bilin , Zhang Fang , Yang Fan , Cui Bowen , Ding Lixia , Wang Xiang , Wang Ronghua , Cai Jiaoyang , Tang Yanjing , Rao Jianan , Hu Wenting , Zhao Shuang , Wu Wenyan , Chen Xiaoxiao , Wu Kefei , Lai Junchen , Xie Yangyang , Li Benshang , Tang Jingyan , Shen Shuhong , Liu Yu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFor around half of the pediatric B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patients, the molecular mechanism of relapse remains unclear. To fill this gap in knowledge, here we characterize the chromatin accessibility landscape in pediatric relapsed B-ALL. We observe rewired accessible chromatin regions (ACRs) associated with transcription dysregulation in leukemia cells as compared with normal B-cell progenitors. We show that over a quarter of the ACRs in B-ALL are in quiescent regions with high heterogeneity among B-ALLs. We identify subtype-specific and allele-imbalanced chromatin accessibility by integrating multi-omics data. By characterizing the differential ACRs between diagnosis and relapse in B-ALL, we identify alterations in chromatin accessibility during drug treatment. Further analysis of ACRs associated with relapse free survival leads to the identification of a subgroup of B-ALL which show early relapse. These data provide an advanced and integrative portrait of the importance of chromatin accessibility alterations in tumorigenesis and drug responses.
Systematic review and integrated data analysis reveal diverse pangolin-associated microbes with infection potential
Authors: Ye Run-Ze , Wang Xiao-Yang , Li Yu-Yu , Wang Bao-Yu , Song Ke , Wang Yi-Fei , Liu Jing , Wang Bai-Hui , Wang Shan-Shan , Xu Qing , Li Ze-Hui , Du Yi-Di , Liu Jin-Yue , Zheng Jia-Jing , Du Li-Feng , Shi Wenqiang , Jia Na , Jiang Jia-Fu , Cui Xiao-Ming , Zhao Lin , Cao Wu-Chun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere has been increasing global concern about the spillover transmission of pangolin-associated microbes. To assess the risk of these microbes for emergence as human pathogens, we integrated data from multiple sources to describe the distribution and spectrum of microbes harbored by pangolins. Wild and trafficked pangolins have been mainly recorded in Asia and Africa, while captive pangolins have been reported in European and North American countries. A total of 128 microbes, including 92 viruses, 25 bacteria, eight protists, and three uncharacterized microbes, have been identified in five pangolin species. Out of 128 pangolin-associated microbes, 31 (including 13 viruses, 15 bacteria, and three protists) have been reported in humans, and 54 are animal-associated viruses. The phylogenetic analysis of human-associated viruses carried by pangolins reveals that they are genetically close to those naturally circulating among human populations in the world. Pangolins harbor diverse microbes, many of which have been previously reported in humans and animals. Abundant viruses initially detected in pangolins might exhibit risks for spillover transmission.
Imperceptive and reusable dermal surface EMG for lower extremity neuro-prosthetic control and clinical assessment
Authors: Park Jaeu , Jeong Jinwoong , Kang Minseok , Pritish Nagwade , Cho Youngjun , Ha Jeongdae , Yea Junwoo , Jang Kyung-In , Kim Hyojin , Hwang Jumin , Kim Byungchae , Min Sungjoon , Kim Hoijun , Kwon Soonchul , Pak ChangSik John , Suh HyunSuk Peter , Hong Joon Pio , Lee Sanghoon 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSurface electromyography (sEMG) sensors play a critical role in diagnosing muscle conditions and enabling prosthetic device control, especially for lower extremity robotic legs. However, challenges arise when utilizing such sensors on residual limbs within a silicon liner worn by amputees, where dynamic pressure, narrow space, and perspiration can negatively affect sensor performance. Existing commercial sEMG sensors and newly developed sensors are unsuitable due to size and thickness, or susceptible to damage in this environment. In this paper, our sEMG sensors are tailored for amputees wearing sockets, prioritizing breathability, durability, and reliable recording performance. By employing porous PDMS and Silbione substrates, our design achieves exceptional permeability and adhesive properties. The serpentine electrode pattern and design are optimized to improve stretchability, durability, and effective contact area, resulting in a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than conventional electrodes. Notably, our proposed sensors wirelessly enable to control of a robotic leg for amputees, demonstrating its practical feasibility and expecting to drive forward neuro-prosthetic control in the clinical research field near future.