bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Under-five Mortality: Comparative Study of Kenya and other three East-african Developing Countries
Authors: Dlamini Welcome J. , Melesse Sileshi F. , Mwambi Henry G. 
Published: February 2024

Background
An indicator called the under-five mortality rate makes it possible to compare deaths in several locations and groups of children of various sizes at once. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) still has a high under-five mortality rate that needs to be addressed before modifiable causes can be completely recognized.

Objective
The study investigates the stark disparity in mortality rates for children under five between Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda.

Methods
The study assessed secondary data from the World Bank repository covering four East African nation's period from 1990 to 2019. Kruskal-Wallis One-way ANOVA was used in the study as a method of data analysis. Therefore, A significance threshold of 0.05 is therefore, considered for the statistical tests in this investigation, and the statistical software used is R.

Results
The findings showed that the under-five mortality rates of the four nations under consideration differed significantly (p<0.05). The median under-five mortality for the country Kenya was 82 compared to 117 in Rwanda, Uganda was 113, while for Tanzania was 97. According to a Wilcoxon signed rank pairwise tests, there is a significant difference in under-five mortality between Kenya and Uganda.

Conclusion
Kenya has the lowest average under-five mortality rate (79.00 ± 26.40), while Rwanda has the highest average rate (123.53 ± 72.93). Within the review period, the average mortality rate in Rwanda was 40 higher than the average in Kenya and more than 20 more than the average for Tanzania's under-five mortality rate.
Characteristics of Asymptomatic COVID-19 In SARS-COV-2 Vaccine Trial Screening Participants
Authors: Farhanah Nur , Pramudo Setyo Gundi , Hanifah Khoulah , Nency Yetty Movieta , Hapsari Rebriarina , Anantyo Dimas Tri , Mulyono Mulyono , Mahati Endang , Maharani Nani 
Published: February 2024

Introduction
We conducted a Phase I SARS-CoV-2 vaccine trial in March 2022. During the screening, we identified a significant number of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases among the candidate participants. We aimed to highlight the clinical characteristics among these asymptomatic individuals as compared to subjects negative for SARS-CoV-2.

Methods
This observational study was conducted during participant screening for a Phase I SARS-CoV-2 vaccine trial in Jepara and Mranggen districts in Central Java, Semarang, Indonesia. Participants who reported no symptoms associated with COVID-19, confirmed by physical examinations, were included. Data on laboratory markers were documented. An asymptomatic case was defined as showing no clinical symptoms and signs of SARS-CoV-2 infection with a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR result. Individuals who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 were included for comparison. A chi-square test was employed to assess the differences between the two groups, with a p-value <0.05 is considered significant.

Results
A total of 219 participants were screened and included. One hundred and six participants (48.4%) had positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results, with mean Ct values of 28.29 +/- 6.74 for the helicase gene. There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics, physical examination, and laboratory findings (p-value >0.05) among individuals with positive and negative SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusion
In our vaccine trial screening phase, almost half were ineligible due to having asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections. In addition, it is necessary that people with asymptomatic COVID-19 infection still need to be concerned because they have the same transmission potential.
The Effect of Inhalation Aromatherapy with Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) Essential Oil on Sleep Quality in Mothers of Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (A Randomized Clinical Trial Study)
Authors: Sinaei Masoumeh , Salari Roshank , Birjandi Reza Mohseni , Raesi Rasoul , Sadeghi Tahereh 
Published: February 2024

Aim
The present study was to investigate the effect of inhalation aromatherapy with the lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) essential oil on sleep quality in the mothers of preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Background
Preterm infants and their hospital care are among the stressful events encountered by mothers. As maternal sleep disturbances are one of the frequent disorders at this stage, developing some measures to support mothers has been high on the list.

Methods
This two-group randomized clinical trial (RCT) was conducted on 50 mothers of preterm infants at the 28-32 weeks of pregnancy, completing the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) as the data collection tool. The study samples were initially randomized into two groups, viz., intervention and control. Afterward, the mothers in the intervention group received inhalation aromatherapy with the lemon balm essential oil by 5-7 drops on their face masks twice a day for two weeks. Then, sleep quantity and quality were assessed during the one- and two-week intervals following the intervention. The data were further analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results
In total, 50 mothers of preterm infants were investigated in this study. The overall score of sleep quality in the mothers in the intervention group within the one- and two-week intervals at the post-intervention stage indicated a significant decrease, as compared with those in the controls (p<0.001). Moreover, the overall score of sleep quality for two weeks after the intervention compared with the one-week interval significantly dropped in the intervention group, as compared with the control one (p<0.001).

Conclusion
It was concluded that inhalation aromatherapy with lemon balm essential oil as a complementary medicine could be effective in improving sleep quality in mothers of preterm infants.
Investigating the Contributing Risk Factors toward Sarcopenia Prevalence and its Development in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Patients
Authors: Yuenyongchaiwat Kornanong , Chamnansingh Chuenpak , Akekawatchai Chareeporn 
Published: February 2024

Background
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) causes immune system impairment, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) given for HIV may increase the risk of morbidity and adverse health outcomes, including sarcopenia. The prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with HIV in non-Asian countries has been well-documented, but not in Asian countries.

Objective
The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with HIV in Thai patients.

Methods
A cross-section study was designed. This study included 114 patients with HIV from a specialized infectious disease hospital aged 20-75 years and receiving ART for more than a year. Gait speed, muscle strength, and muscle mass were measured using the 6-m walking test, handgrip dynamometer, and bioelectrical impedance analysis, respectively. Patient medical records and Global Physical Health Questionnaire scores were assessed. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk of sarcopenia occurrence.

Results
The prevalence of sarcopenia was 21.93%. Risk factors for sarcopenia included duration of ART (odds ratio [OR]=16.55), advanced age (≥60 years, OR=13.50), duration of living with HIV (OR=9.44), and female sex (OR=3.79). Besides, low physical activity, which is a modifiable behavioral, had an OR of 2.78.

Conclusion
The prevalence of sarcopenia in people with HIV was 21.93%. The duration of ART was the most prominent risk factor for sarcopenia in patients with HIV. Patients with HIV should increase their physical activity levels to reduce sarcopenia risk.
Supporting English learning activities using hybrid communication and interaction
Authors: Kholis Adhan , Lisan Khusnul Harsul 
Published: February 2024

Covid-19 pandemic extended serious impact toward educational field in all countries. Most schools conducted teaching and learning activities fully online even hybrid to reach the best interaction and communication. This study aimed to explore and describe the implementation of hybrid communication, the benefits, the evaluation and assessment, and the perceptions of both students and parents in English language teaching for the primary education at Afkaaruna Islamic School (AIS) Sleman Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It was qualitative research with a case study research design. In collecting data, the researchers interviewed the principal, the head of curriculum, three English teachers, three students, and parents. The oservation of class activities, the documentation of teaching, and questionnaires of perceptions were also administered as supporting data. In analyzing the data, the researcher used interactive model by Miles Huberman including data collection, data reduction, data display and conclusions. The results showed that teachers used lab-rotation model (50:50) in teaching and learning. Hybrid communication offered contributions toward English language teaching and learning at primary education including students’ enhancement and engagement on English skills, technical skills, class management, and digital literacy as well. Also, it facilitated students to access and obtain many online resources and references such as PDF texts, websites, e-books, YouTube videos, and animations. Moreover, it helped the teachers explained materials easily due to various digital tools used in the classroom. This study is expected to serve as a hybrid learning model for educators as an alternative approach when full online is deemed challenging to implement.
Boas práticas de manipulação de pescados e condições microbiológicas no pré-operacional em um mercado de peixes
Authors: Lopes Rodrigues Simone Aparecida , Loureiro Vânia , Dos Anjos Caivano Simone 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Seafoods are very nutritious foods, but also highly susceptible to contamination. Once contaminated, they can be agents that transmit diseases to humans. Thus, the fish trade must pay great attention to hygienic-sanitary processes to ensure these foods safety and the consumers health. Objective: Evaluate the good practices of seafoods handling and the microbiological conditions in the pre-operational period in a fish market, located in the city of Santos-SP, Brazil, according to the requirements proposed in the ordinance of the Center for Sanitary Vigilance number 5 of 2013. Method: This cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, covered a total of 13 seafoods boxes. It was carried out through a technical visit where the “Route of Inspection of Good Practices in Commercial Establishments of Food and Food Services” was applied, imposed by the CVS-5 ordinance of 2013, and collections of samples on contact surfaces and handlers’ hands for analyses of mesophilic aerobic bacteria. Results: Good practices of seafoods handling were considered appropriate; food safety performance varied between 47.2% and 70.8%, and pre-operational hygiene conditions were considered satisfactory for contact surfaces and unsatisfactory for handlers’ hands. Conclusions: It can be concluded that good fish handling practices are appropriate, but the microbiological conditions in the pre-operational phase are satisfactory for contact surfaces and unsatisfactory for handlers’ hands.
Does Internal Competition among Audit Partners Affect Audit Pricing Decisions?
Authors: Choi Ahrum , Choi Sunhwa , Yu Jaeyoon 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARY
This study examines whether competitive pressure from peers within a local office (i.e., internal competition) affects audit partners’ audit pricing decisions. Using U.S. audit partner data from 2016 to 2022, we find that audit partners respond to internal competition by charging their clients lower audit fees. The effect is more pronounced for initial audit engagements, in more competitive local audit markets, and when peers share similar personal attributes, such as sex and experience. However, the effect is weaker for industry specialist audit partners. We also find evidence that internal competition is negatively associated with audit quality for non-Big 4 clients. Overall, this study provides initial evidence of the effect of internal competition among audit partners on audit outcomes.
A Commentary on the Silicon Valley Bank Debacle
Authors: Grossman Amanda M. , Grossman Steven D. , Crumbley D. Larry 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARY
KPMG issued its audit report for the parent company of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB), SVB Financial Group, on February 24, 2023, and the bank’s assets were taken over by Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation regulators on March 10. Although depositors began fleeing SVB in February, deposits declined by 13 percent during the preceding fiscal year. SVB invested substantially in long-term government bonds, whose value plummeted due to significant Federal Reserve interest rate increases, and the classification of the securities prevented their conversion to cash to meet depositor demands. Alongside explaining management and regulatory failings that led to SVB’s collapse, this paper formulates an argument of possible alternative actions the auditor could have pursued during the audit or upon release of its audit report. Due to inaction, KPMG may hinder its ability to defend against current litigation.
Does Student Engagement Impact Learning Differently in Face-to-Face and Virtual Accounting Classes?
Authors: Meade Janet A. , Parthasarathy Kiran 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
This paper investigates how student engagement impacts learning in face-to-face and virtual classes. Our setting is an introductory financial accounting course taught by three instructors face-to-face in fall 2019 and virtually in fall 2021. Our proxy for student engagement is the accuracy of responses to in-class group polling questions. We measure learning using final exam scores. We hypothesize and find that higher levels of student engagement resulted in better scores on the final exam in both the face-to-face and virtual classes but that over the course of the semester engagement declined faster in the virtual classes than in the face-to-face classes. We also find that the decline in engagement contributed to lower final exam scores in the virtual classes relative to the face-to-face classes. Taken together, these findings highlight some of the challenges faced by educators when delivering content virtually.
Data Availability: Data are available from the authors upon request.
Community Social Capital and Accounting Conservatism
Authors: Li-Kuehne Michelle , Mwaungulu Emmanuel , Subedi Meena 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The combination of peer pressure and who you know in our society can be powerfully influential. Likewise, firms headquartered in high social capital locations can exhibit associated economic outcomes and financial qualities. Our study examines the impact of a critical firm-level qualitative characteristic, community social capital, on firm accounting conservatism. The results of our research show firms headquartered in areas of high community social capital tend to exhibit less accounting conservatism. These findings suggest high community social capital mitigates issues related to contracting efficiency, social disciplinary instruments, and information asymmetry, reducing the corporate impetus for using accounting conservatism. We apply alternative proxies for community social capital, and further robustness analyses include entropy balance matching and instrumental variable regressions. Our study extends and complements literature investigating the effects of various firm-specific traits affecting accounting conservatism and contributes to research examining the effect of community social capital on corporate policies.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: A13; D91; M14; M41; Z13.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN EFISIENSI, EFEKTIVITAS DAN KEMAMPUAN FISKAL PADA ERA OTONOMI DAERAH DI KABUPATEN/KOTA PROPINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Azimi Aulia 
Published: February 2024

The method used in this research is comparative method using quantitative. The data source used is secondary data. The results shows that the comparison between efficiency and effectivity from district / city in West Borneo Province in 2006 – 2010 has declining trend and interrelated. While local fiscal capability which is measured from government finance performance shows that its dependence is still high enough because the contribution of fund balance is still above 50%.
Base on the estimation result which is regressed by using EGLS method, it is obtained the result shows that two variables from local finance performance are not significant which are PAD effectivity ratio (REPAD) and local finance dependency ratio (RKetKD), where the estimation result also shows the existence of negative relation but significant to degree of decentralization ratio (RDD). The financial performance of local government still shows dependence on the central government, therefore it must be learn to be independent.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAAN PELANGGAN PADA THE LUXTON HOTEL BANDUNG
Authors: Sesunan Yunia Silvia 
Published: February 2024

Service excellent is a key determinant factor to assess whether the services are in accordance with the customer expectation. The Luxton Hotel Bandung required to fulfill the criteria of customer’s decision to become the first chosen by customer. The factors as follows ; tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy . The objectives of this study is to examine the level of customer’s satisfaction towards the services by The Luxton Hotel Bandung. This research conducted by 100 respondent which stay overnight in The Luxton Hotel Bandung. Based on the result used multiple regression shows that Tangibles (X1), Reliability (X2), Responsiveness (X3), Assurance (X4) and Empathy (X5) significant simultaneously to consumer’s satisfaction. The independent variables affect the customer’s decision to stay at the hotel shown by the coefficient of determination R2 = 0,653 or 65,30% independent variables affect to customer’s decision to stay at The Luxton Hotel Bandung and the remaining 34,70% affect by other factors.
Trends of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-related mortality in United States young adults: a nationwide 20-year analysis
Authors: Zuin Marco , Porcari Aldostefano , Rigatelli Gianluca , Merlo Marco , Bilato Claudio , Roncon Loris , Sinagra Gianfranco 
Published: February 2024

Aims
Data regarding hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)-related mortality in United States young adults, defined as those aged between 25 and 44 years, are lacking. We sought to assess the trends in HCM-related mortality among US young adults between 1999 and 2019 and determine differences by sex, race, ethnicity, urbanization and census region.

Methods
Mortality data were retrieved by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) dataset from January 1999 to December 2019. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were assessed using the Joinpoint regression modeling and expressed as estimated average annual percentage change (AAPC) with relative 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

Results
Over 20-year period, the AAMR from HCM in US young adults linearly decreased, with no differences between sexes [AAPC: −5.3% (95% CI −6.1 to −4.6), P < 0.001]. The AAMR decrease was more pronounced in Black patients [AAPC: −6.4% (95% CI −7.6 to −5.1), P < 0.001], Latinx/Hispanic patients [AAPC: −4.8% (95% CI −7.2 to −2.36), P < 0.001] and residents of urban areas [AAPC: −5.4% (95% CI −6.2 to −4.6), P < 0.001]. The higher percentages of HCM-related deaths occurred in the South of the country and at the patient's home.

Conclusion
HCM-related mortality in US young adults has decreased over the last two decades in the United States. Subgroup analyses by race, ethnicity, urbanization and census region showed ethnoracial and regional disparities that will require further investigation.
Mechanism of singlet-like vector lepton production and Higgs autocoupling in future positive-negative electric lepton colliders
Authors: Sun Wenrong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the production mechanism of the singlet vector lepton (VLL) and the Higgs self-interaction based on the theoretical and computational foundations related to the Higgs (Higgs) boson using the future positive-negative electronegative lepton collider (ILC). The discussion revolves around the discovery of VLLs and Higgs at the ILC and the significance of Higgs self-coupling strength for the Higgs potential. In the end, validation was achieved by conducting two sets of experimental tests. The VLL is being simulated to be found under the ILC collider in one set, and the Higgs coupling accuracy at the ILC collider is being tested in another set. The Higgs potential is dependent on the strength of the Higgs self-coupling, as demonstrated by the explorations and calculations. The light subchannel can be excluded from the mτ

′± ∈ [180 GeV, 240GeV] integral luminosity when the ILC is

S

=
500
G
e
V

\sqrt S = 500GeV

and the integral luminosity L ∈ [3.0fb−1,14.9fb−1]. For the e+ e
− → HZZ-process, when n=3, mH
= 115GeV,

s

=
3.5
TeV

\sqrt s = 3.5{\rm{TeV}}

MS
the upper limit is 5σ found in the unpolarized and +- polarization, where P
e+
= 0.6, P
e

− = 0.8 it is able to reach 9.75 TeV and 10.1 TeV, respectively. Positively and negatively polarized linearly colliding beams can make a significant increase in the extra-dimensional effect of the e+ e
− → HZZ-process. It is more efficient to exclude and find the monomorphic VLL and even Higgs through the full hadron channel of the LC.
Sustainable Development and Operational Mechanism Innovation of Educational Management Paths in Colleges and Universities in the Digital Era
Authors: Meng Qingyan , Sun Guirong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
With the continuous integration of digital technology in daily life, the management path of colleges and universities also carries out development and optimization. The triple helix theory of education management model innovation in colleges and universities is the basis of this paper, which builds a model for education management innovation led by schools. An evaluation index system for college education management quality was constructed, taking into account the quality effect demand of education management. On this basis, combining the hierarchical method and cluster analysis method to calculate and classify the weights of the indicators of educational management in colleges and universities, and evaluating the quality of educational management in colleges and universities through the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to complete the construction of the indicator system of quality of educational management in colleges and universities. After examining the performance of the evaluation model and the rationality of the indexes, it is applied to the educational management examples to explore the sustainable development path of the educational management path in colleges and universities. The results show that the overall index coefficient is 0.875 and greater than 0.6, and the comprehensive evaluation score of the actual management quality of the triple helix educational management is 4.6826 points out of 5, which verifies the validity and reasonableness of this paper based on the triple helix educational management innovation model. The sustainable development of educational management is positively impacted by its scientific guidance on the innovative direction of university educational management models.