bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of Novel Isonipecotic Acid-Based Heteroaryl Amino Acid Derivatives as Potential Anticonvulsant Agents: Design, Synthesis, In-Silico ADME Study, and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Ahmad Mohammad M. , Akhtar Naseem , Khan Shamshir , Rashid Mohd , Athar Md Tanwir , Ullah Zabih , Taleuzzaman Mohamad 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by anomalous brain activity, convulsions, and odd behavior. Several substituted-(naphthalen-2-yl)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl) allyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-4-carboxylic acid derivatives (5a-j) were intended to be produced in the current research effort to reduce convulsions and seizures.

Materials and Methods:
The newly developed compounds were produced by the prescribed process. Numerous methods (infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass, elemental analysis, etc.) were used to characterize these substances. Several models were used to test each of these molecules for anticonvulsant activity. By using the rotarod and ethanol potentiation techniques, neurotoxicity was also evaluated. The study meticulously examined each parameter and showed absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) predictions for each of the 10 congeners that were produced. In addition, studies on molecular docking employed the gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)-A target protein.

Results:
Anticonvulsant screening results identified compounds 5f, 5h, 5d, and 5b as the most efficacious of the series. All synthesized equivalents largely passed the neurotoxicity test. The results of molecular docking revealed significant interactions at the active site of GABA-A with LEU B: 99, TYR A: 62, Ala A: 174, and THR B: 202, and the outcomes were good and in agreement with in vivo findings.

Conclusions:
The study’s findings showed that some substances had promising anticonvulsant properties that were comparable to those of the standard drug. The highly active novel anticonvulsant analogs may therefore represent a possible lead, and additional studies may result in a potential new drug candidate.
Critical care in sub-Saharan Africa, where are we? A review
Authors: Tobi Kingsley Ufuoma , Ogunbiyi Obashina A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Critical care services in sub-Saharan Africa have not gained much grounds despite becoming part of modern clinical practice in the 1950s. Managing patients with potentially recoverable illnesses and injuries is still not at par with evidence-based practices in developed climes, and most die from many preventable causes. Many hospitals in Africa do not have an intensive care unit, leaving critically ill patients being treated mostly in the general wards. A survey from Zambia indicated that only 7% of hospitals in the country have an intensive care unit, whereas a cross-sectional survey in Nigeria revealed that there were 30 public and private intensive care units serving a population of over 200 million, spread around all the geo-political zones, with most in the teaching hospitals. The situation is not generally better in most parts of the continent. This review focuses on why critical care is at the level it is in sub-Saharan Africa and provides suggestions on what should be done to change the narrative.
Penile trauma burden and aetiology in the paediatric and adult population: A scoping review and critical analysis of the literature
Authors: Tolani Musliu Adetola , Webber Robyn , Buckley Louise 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Penile trauma is rare. It is associated with the impairment of physiological functions and deterioration in patients’ quality of life. Currently, the relevance of age demographics in the occurrence of this debilitating injury has not been well discussed. The objective of this study was to provide a scoping review of penile trauma within the lens of the legal age of maturity. A search of the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases was conducted, and then, the identified publications were used to conduct this scoping review focussing on the study aim. The results identified were categorised into five themes. This included publication information (author, year, country, study duration); demographic information (age of presentation, number of patients, relative burden); penile trauma clinical pattern (type, severity, associated injury), risk factors and clinical consequences. While mobile and active young adults were at risk of outdoor trauma, the report on penile trauma in the paediatric population is rare and usually focussed on sexual trauma. Penetrating trauma has been more extensively studied in comparison to blunt penile trauma despite the significance of the latter in the paediatric population. Injury severity classification is not available for most studies limiting their usefulness in the universal comparison of trauma severity and injury prognostication. There is a diversity in the burden and presentation of penile trauma. Available research studies are limited in the paediatric population, mostly focussed on penile fracture in adults and generally devoid of a standardised penile trauma severity description. Additional studies with a specific focus on penile trauma are required to characterise aetiological risks and injury severity across the legal age of maturity.
Role of magnetic resonance imaging in concomitant periarticular infections in septic arthritis of large joints in children: A systematic review
Authors: Garg Varun , Singh Vivek , Kalia Roop Bhusan , Regmi Anil , Yasam Ramapriya , Sinha Sourabh Kumar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Septic arthritis associated with adjacent infections, presents a diagnostic challenge as the clinical presentation is similar to that of isolated septic arthritis, additional diagnostic tools are needed to detect these infections. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnosis of concomitant infection in children with septic arthritis of large joints and its effect on patient outcome and treatment.

Materials and Methods:
Electronic literature research of PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus, was conducted in January 2022 using a combination of MeSH, search terms and keywords. The data extracted included the study details, demographic data, the proportion of patients having a concomitant periarticular infection, clinical presentation, blood parameters and culture findings and outcomes.

Results:
This review included seven studies with 499 patients. The mean age was 7.08 ± 2.38 years in the study. There was a male predominance, with 174 being males (62.36%). The most common joint involved was the hip joint (44.47%). 42.48% had concomitant periarticular infections detected by MRI. Osteomyelitis was the most common infection seen in 209 patients (41.84%). The mean duration of antibiotics given and hospital stay was significantly more in periarticular infections (P > 0.05). 32.5% of the patients with septic arthritis underwent a second surgical procedure whereas 61.11% of patients with periarticular infections underwent second procedure in this review (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
The use of MRI to diagnose these complicated infections appears to be beneficial. Multi-centric randomised control trials are needed to investigate the efficacy of MRI and its impact on patient care and outcome.
Magnetic resonance imaging infarct volume correlates with carotid intima–media thickness and plaque echotexture in ischemic stroke
Authors: Ogholoh Oghenetejiri Denise , Enyi Augustine Chukwueloke , Idowu Bukunmi Michael , Ogbeide Anthony Osayomwanbor , Ikubor Joyce Ekeme , Nwafor Nkem Nnenna , Kogha Nicholas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To determine the correlation between cerebral infarct volume, carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT), and plaque echotexture in patients with ischemic stroke.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study of 70 patients with ischemic stroke who were imaged using the head coil of a 1.5T Toshiba magnetic resonance machine. The volumes of infarcts were documented and calculated using the manual tracing of the infarct perimeter method. The common carotid CIMT was measured on ultrasound using a linear high-frequency 7.5 MHz transducer.

Results:
Seventy subjects were evaluated. The mean magnetic resonance imaging cerebral infarct volume was 8.07% volume. Hyperechoic plaques were the most prevalent (36.7%) compared to the hypoechoic (33.3%) and isoechoic (30%) plaques. There was a moderate positive correlation between CIMT and infarct volume (r = 0.70; P = 0.001) in the entire study population. Similarly, positive correlations between CIMT and infarct volume were recorded in both the male (r = 0.73; P = 0.001) and female (r = 0.67; P = 0.001) subjects. Furthermore, subjects who presented in the acute phase (1–3 days) of ictus showed a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.621; P = 0.0001) between CIMT and infarct volume, while there was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.74; P = 0.0001) in subjects that presented in the subacute phase (4–7 days).

Conclusion:
Common carotid artery CIMT correlated positively with cerebral infarct volume in patients with ischemic stroke. Furthermore, hyperechoic plaques were associated with significantly larger infarct volumes compared to hypoechoic and isoechoic plaques.
Phacoemulsification in phacomorphic angle closure: Our experience
Authors: Farooq Shaheen , Khan Nabab A. , Meena Ritu , Kochar Anju 
Published: December 2023

PURPOSE:
To evaluate intraocular pressure (IOP) control, visual prognosis, and complications following phacoemulsification in eyes with phacomorphic angle closure of <10 days’ duration.

METHODS:
Prospective, nonrandomized interventional consecutive case series included all patients with phacomorphic glaucoma who presented between November 2020 and November 2021. All patients underwent slit-lamp biomicroscopy, applanation tonometry, and gonioscopy of the other eye. Phacoemulsification with IOL implantation under topical anesthesia was performed in all cases. A complete ophthalmic examination was done at each follow-up visit.

RESULTS:
A total of 50 eyes with phacomorphic glaucoma were included in this study. The preoperative mean IOP was 41.12 ± 8.20 mmHg and the mean IOP at last visit was 13.84 ± 2.08 mmHg. There was a statistically significant difference between IOP at presentation and IOP at last follow-up (P < 0.001) (Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test). There was no requirement of long-term anti-glaucoma medications in any patients. No significant intraoperative complications were noted. The final postoperative best-corrected visual acuity was 6/12 or better in 32 patients. Sixteen eyes had corneal edema and 20 eyes had anterior chamber inflammation on postoperative day one that resolved with standard medical therapy.

CONCLUSION:
Phacoemulsification is safe and effective in controlling IOP and achieving good functional visual acuity with minimal complications in the management of phacomorphic glaucoma in expert hands. Our study also lays emphasis on public awareness, early detection, and management of advanced cataract, so that the incidence of this potentially blinding entity can be reduced.
Meditation and music intervention for improving pregnancy psychological health
Authors: Hussain Sharanoor , Priya M. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
There is currently limited research investigating mindfulness-based interventions’ effects on self-reported and physiological stress indicators among pregnant women in India. Thus, the study examined the effectiveness of music and meditation interventions on the psychological status of pregnant women in Lakhimpur, Assam.

Materials and Methods:
In this quasi-experimental study, 300 pregnant women in the first trimester were selected using purposive sampling. The samples were divided into experimental (60) and control (60). The experimental group was randomized into two subgroups: Meditation (30) and music intervention (30). Data were collected through a self-structured tool to assess pregnant women’s psychological status. Analysis of variance and t-tests were used to analyze the data.

Results:
The study found that pregnant women working in the government sector had a significantly better psychological status (p = 0.050). While no significant difference was observed in the area of living with the psychological status of pregnant women. The meditation intervention showed gradual improvement during the third trimester (p < 0.001), while continuous listening to music significantly improved psychological status during the third trimester (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The study results could be utilized by health-care providers, policymakers, and stakeholders to implement interventions that enhance the mental health of pregnant women.
Detection of Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 and hsp70 Genetic Markers Using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms and Sequencing in Identification of Leishmania Species Causing Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in Brazil
Authors: Delprete Jaqueline Alves , de Almeida Livia Vieira , Barros Alessandra Moraes , Soler Rita de Cássia , Bittencourt Amanda Azevedo , Luna Expedito José de Albuquerque , Lindoso José Angelo Lauletta , Braz Lúcia Maria Almeida 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT.
The identification of Leishmania species that cause tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is important for taxonomic and prognostic purposes. Molecular analysis using different Leishmania genomic targets is the most useful method for identifying Leishmania species. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and heat shock protein (hsp70) genetic markers by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP) and sequencing, for identification of Leishmania species. Samples from 84 Brazilian patients were amplified. Internal transcribed spacer 1 PCR followed by RFLP (HaeIII) [ITS1-RFLP (HaeIII)] identified 46.4% (39/84) of the samples as compatible with the Viannia subgenus. Internal transcribed spacer 1 PCR followed by sequencing (ITS1-sequencing) identified Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in 91.7% (77/84) of the TL samples, Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis in 3.6% (3/84), L. (V.) guyanensis in 2.4% (2/84), and L. (L.) infantum in 1.2% (1/84). One of the samples showed the same proportion of similarity with L. (V.) guyanensis and L. (V.) panamensis. hsp70 nested PCR followed by RFLP (HaeIII) [nested hsp70-RFLP (HaeIII)] identified 91.7% (77/84) of the samples as compatible with L. (V.) braziliensis/L. (V.) naiffi, 3.6% (3/84) with L. (L.) amazonensis, 1.2% (1/84) with L. (L.) infantum, and 3.6% (3/84) with L. (V.) guyanensis. hsp70 PCR followed by sequencing (hsp70-sequencing) identified L. (V.) braziliensis in 91.7% (77/84) of the TL samples, L. (L.) amazonensis in 3.6% (3/84), L. (V.) guyanensis in 3.6% (3/84), and L. (L.) infantum in 1.2% (1/84). Our findings clearly showed that nested hsp70-RFLP (HaeIII) is better than ITS1-RFLP (HaeIII) and that ITS1 or hsp70 PCR followed by sequencing was adequate for identifying Leishmania species. We also found that Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is the most common species causing TL in Brazil. Therefore, sequencing multiple target genes such as ITS1 and hsp 70 is more accurate than RFLP for identifying Leishmania species.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention
Authors: Thwing Julie , Williamson John , Cavros Irene , Gutman Julie R. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT.
Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) for children under 5 years of age for up to four monthly cycles during malaria transmission season was recommended by the WHO in 2012 and has been implemented in 13 countries in the Sahel, reaching more than 30 million children annually. Malaria control programs implementing SMC have asked the WHO to consider expanding the age range or number of monthly cycles. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of SMC among children up to 15 years of age and up to six monthly cycles. Twelve randomized studies were included, with outcomes stratified by age (< 5/≥ 5 years), by three or four versus five or six cycles, and by drug where possible. Drug regimens included sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine + amodiaquine, amodiaquine–artesunate, and sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine + artesunate. Included studies were all conducted in Sahelian countries in which high-grade resistance to sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine was rare and in zones with parasite prevalence ranging from 1% to 79%. Seasonal malaria chemoprevention resulted in substantial reductions in uncomplicated malaria incidence measured during that transmission season (rate ratio: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.25–0.29 among children < 5 years; rate ratio: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.25–0.30 among children ≥ 5 years) and in the prevalence of malaria parasitemia measured within 4–6 weeks from the final SMC cycle (risk ratio: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.34–0.43 among children < 5 years; risk ratio: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.11–0.48 among children ≥ 5 years). In high-transmission zones, SMC resulted in a moderately reduced risk of any anemia (risk ratio: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.72–0.83 among children < 5 years; risk ratio: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.52–0.95 among children ≥ 5 years [one study]). Children < 10 years of age had a moderate reduction in severe malaria (risk ratio: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.37–0.76) but no evidence of a mortality reduction. The evidence suggests that in areas in which sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine and amodiaquine remained efficacious, SMC effectively reduced malaria disease burden among children both < 5 and ≥ 5 years old and that the number of cycles should be commensurate with the length of the transmission season, up to six cycles.
ERZİNCAN SANCAĞI’NDA KOLERA SALGINI (1852 -1910)
Authors: MOLLAOĞULLARI Zerrin , KARABULUT Asuman 
Published: December 2023

Salgın hastalıklar, insanlığın siyasal, sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel yaşamlarını etkileyen faktörlerdir. Salgınların hikayesini ise insanların yapmış oldukları faaliyetler belirler. Hastalıkların taşınmasında insanın en önemli aktörlerden biri olduğu düşünüldüğünde, toplumlar arası etkileşim ile bu hastalıkların daha geniş bölgelere yayılması kaçınılmazdır. Bir geçiş bölgesi görevini üstelenen Osmanlı Devleti de Asya ve Avrupa’yı birbirine bağlayan coğrafi konumu, Ortadoğu ve Afrika’ya uzanan sınırları ve eski medeniyetlerin beşiği Akdeniz havzasında yer almasıyla tarihin hemen hemen her döneminde salgınlara maruz kalmıştır.
Bu salgınlardan biri de koleradır. Yoksulluk içinde yaşayan kalabalık gruplar, doğal afetlerden etkilenen topluluklar ve savaş ortamlarında sıkça görülen bu hastalık, ilk kez 1822 yılında Basra Körfezi’nden, Bağdat yoluyla Anadolu ve Akdeniz sahillerine ulaştı. 1832 yılına gelindiğinde ise neredeyse tüm Osmanlı coğrafyasını kapladı.
Önemli ticaret yolları üzerinde yer alması, Erzurum ve Sivas vilayetlerine komşu olması hasebiyle salgın hastalıklara açık hale gelen Erzincan Sancağı’nda 19. yüzyılda hafif şiddetli ve şiddetli seyreden kolera salgını, zaman zaman ölümlere neden oldu. Bu çalışmada, arşiv vesikalarından faydalanılarak Erzincan Sancağı’na koleranın hangi yollarla yayıldığı, hekim tayini, sancaktaki vukuat ve vefat sayıları, tahaffuzhane uygulamaları ve diğer tedbirler üzerinde durulmuştur.
Penerapan Media Pembelajaran Biologi Berbasis Canva untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa SMAN 1 Panji
Authors: Putri Siti Anindya , Usman Ali , Slamet Imam Prajoko 
Published: December 2023

Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman yang semakin canggih dan segala aktivitas manusia dipermudah dengan perkembangan teknologi yang semakin pesat. Maka, dengan adanya Era Digital 4.0, banyak orang menjadi konsumtif dalam menggunakan smartphone dan perangkat pintar mereka. Tidak dapat dipungkiri, hal ini juga terjadi pada sebagian besar pelajar saat ini. Oleh karena itu, sebagai pendidik, kita harus menyikapi fenomena ini dengan menjadikan smartphone dan perangkat pintarnya sebagai media pembelajaran yang memudahkan mereka untuk belajar dan dapat menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang me-nyenangkan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui inovasi penggunaan Canva sebagai media pembelajaran biologi dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Pemanfaatan media pem-belajaran yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Canva, dimana Canva merupakan platform desain grafis gratis yang sangat sesuai digunakan oleh semua kalangan, mulai dari pemula hingga profesional, dan fitur-fitur yang tersedia sangat mudah untuk dipahami. Survei dalam penelitian ini dilakukan selama dua siklus. Setiap siklus meliputi dua kali pertemuan yang meliputi tahap perencanaan pembelajaran, pelaksanaan tindakan observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas X-3 SMAN 1 Panji yang berjumlah 37 orang. Sumber data yang diperoleh adalah observasi, tes, dan hasil belajar. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa kelas X-3 SMAN 1 Panji mengalami mengalami peningkatan setelah menerapkan media pembelajaran berbasis aplikasi Canva. Hasil tersebut ditunjukkan dengan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar kognitif siswa pada setiap siklusnya.
The Impact of Color, Content, and Feeling of Empathy on Website Visitors' Intentions to Support an NPO: The Moderated Mediation Role of Need for Social Status
Authors: Saenz Camila , Liu Yulun , Jiang Hanling 
Published: December 2023

Nonprofit organizations (NPOs) are undergoing a gradual transformation to adapt to the demands of the modern era. One of the key challenges they face is harnessing the power of social media and online donations effectively, a task made even more daunting for smaller- and medium-sized NPOs operating on limited budgets. In response to this challenge, an experimental study was conducted, focusing on the intersection of website and advertisement design with principles of consumer psychology. This study involved a scenario-based experiment that engaged 452 participants from the United States. The results of the experiment unveiled a significant and intriguing interplay between the use of color and content in shaping online donation intentions and the inclination to share website links. Crucially, this dynamic was found to be mediated by the perceived level of empathy experienced by visitors to NPO websites, which in turn was influenced by their individual desires for social status. The findings offer actionable insights for NPO managers and designers alike. By aligning their website design with customer preferences, NPOs can cost-effectively enhance their online presence. This, in turn, fosters increased engagement on social media platforms and encourages a surge in online donations, facilitating a smooth transition for NPOs into the digital age. In a world where online visibility and fundraising capabilities are vital for NPOs' sustainability, this research provides a valuable roadmap for their continued success and impact.

Received: 23 August 2023 | Revised: 12 October 2023 | Accepted: 21 November 2023

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.