bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigating Geological Uncertainties: A Comprehensive Approach for Horizontal Well Placement Success within Complex Deep-Water Reservoirs
Authors: Michael Esther , Nguyen Viet , Das Saikat , Sangvaree Thakerngchai , Hanif Mohd Shah Redza , Amperanto Henrikus , Wee Low Kok 
Published: February 2024

Deep-water and ultra-deep water drilling presents various challenges that demand innovative solutions to ensure successful well placement in the target reservoir. Geological uncertainties in these environments are rather complicated, thus, require meticulous planning across all aspects. This paper explores the complexities of horizontal well placement in deep-water environments through the landing and geosteering of two wells in the Field 1 and Field 2 oil fields, offshore Sabah, Malaysia (Figure 1). Horizontal well drilling has emerged as a strategic approach to optimize reservoir recovery in deep-water settings. However, the success of such endeavors hinges on the ability to navigate through geological uncertainties, such as faulted reservoirs and varying formation characteristics. This study aims to share the strategic planning, technological innovations, and mitigation strategies employed during the drilling of two horizontal wells targeting the same turbidite sand sequence in Field 1 and Field 2 fields.
Through the lens of the Field 1 and Field 2 case studies, we aim to contribute valuable lessons and recommendations for other deep-water players with similar geological uncertainties. By understanding the intricacies of these challenges and the successful approaches employed, stakeholders can enhance their ability to optimize reservoir recovery and achieve efficient well placement in deep-water environments.
Extreme Underbalance Perforation on the Wire
Authors: Khong Chee Kin , Ownis B. C. Abdulnasser , Rhodes David , Lim Kevin , Billaud Matthieu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Total E&P Borneo B.V. (TEPB) operates the M field in the Block B, located in the South China Sea at approximately 55 km from the Brunei shoreline in 60 m of water. The field has been producing gas and condensates since 1999. The initial field development plan did not exploit all reservoirs encountered in a well to optimize spending by distributing zonal exploitation to different development wells. Later during the field life, these non-perforated zones are planned to be opened.
The remaining non-perforated zones may be still at un-depleted reservoir pressure while the bottom hole pressure at producing development wells is at depleted pressure which can result in an underbalance perforation operation more than 10,000 psi (689.5 bar). However, the allocated intervention budget is limited as there are possibilities that these non-perforated zones will be depleted. In addition, pressure information obtained by partially perforating these zones will be used as a justification to secure higher budgets for coiled tubing or a workover rig to perforate potential unperforated zones fully in adjacent wells apart from possibly mobilizing a drilling rig to add infill wells.
These mono-bore wells also have scale deposition issues. Perforation options that leave fish in the well are not desired. A slickline perforation method was selected due to lower cost through efficiency and using smaller diameter high performance guns for lower risk. Extensive preparations and pre-job modeling were required and performed to plan for this slickline conveyed extreme underbalance perforation project.
Some of the critical steps includes:
Stakeholder communications Production logging before perforation Wellbore steady state/transient flow modeling Tension and gun lift modeling Perforation modeling to plan for a suitable gun Gun shock modeling Operational flow chart Contingency plan Well preparation – gauge cutter Measurement while perforating
Technical and risk evaluation resulted in the weep-holes perforation method being selected for this project. The high-pressure zones on the subject well were step-by-step perforated based on a detailed plan. At the last safe perforation run that resulted in a huge well shut-in pressure increase, the well was production tested. The production test indicated the added perforations at this well operation boosted the well production by about 100%.
Integrating Operations Data and Hydraulic Models for Automated Choke Surveillance and Production Optimization
Authors: Raghav Varun K. , Pareek Aditya , Agrawal Nitesh , Pandey Shashank , Becker Gauthier , Swanberg Cassandra 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWellhead choke valve is a critical control element of a well that is used to regulate its drawdown, sand production and to execute optimal production-injection plan. Monitoring state of health of wellhead choke in a producing field is important to avoid production loss due to degraded and non-ideal choke valve performance and to proactively plan equipment maintenance.Automated wellhead choke surveillance tool was developed as part of in-house digital oil field application. The tool uses hydraulic models auto tuned to physical well tests to provide daily estimates of liquid and gas production rates in response to change in operations data; wellhead pressure and gas-lift rate. The predicted rates along with well specific choke valve sizing data are used as inputs to ELF valve sizing model to monitor current performance of wellhead choke valve. This approach determines the state of wellhead choke; whether it is plugged or eroded. Additionally, the tool predicts new trim size for replacement of eroded choke valves, and estimates uplift associated with replacement and maintenance of plugged and eroded choke valves.The surveillance tool has been used in conventional assets to identify plugged and eroded wellhead chokes. In one of the cases, it highlighted that excessive pressure drop that was potentially a result of a plugged choke. This was later confirmed by presence of excessive scaling observed in the flowline. In one more instance, the tool highlighted an undersized choke that led to calibration of wellhead sensor and helped in improving data integrity and quality.A wellhead choke monitoring tool that is integral part of internally developed digital oil field application is presented. The tool uses the updated hydraulic models with operations data to determine health of wellhead choke on daily basis. The tool is augmented with supporting visualization that tracks observed and expected choke performance over history and enables surveillance by exception by highlighting uplift potential associated with replacement and maintenance of wellhead chokes.
Combined Engineered Lost Circulation Approaches for a Complex Fractured Carbonate Horizontal Formation: Middle East Case History
Authors: Peres-Demarthon Guillaume , Phyoe Thein Zaw , Pallapothu Surya , Pauferro Paulo , Aghaguluyev Javid 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Lost circulation is a major challenge when drilling a well with depth reaching 8000 m in the horizontal section and a fractured carbonate reservoir as the target. High mud losses range from 34 m3/hr (210 bbl/hr) up to 120 m3/hr (750 bbl/hr). These losses reduce the rate of penetration and increase material costs, resulting in an increased overall well cost. In a worst-case scenario, immediate drilling problems can result, which include well control issues, formation pack off, and stuck pipe.
Based on earlier drilling experience in one of middle east location, no single solution resulted in a high success rate, reducing losses, and regaining returns. The solutions involve decreasing the density, controlling the viscosity, and adding lost circulation materials (LCM) to the drilling fluid. These LCMs help to control the drilling parameters while offering mediocre aid with drilling plug placement. To address this severe lost circulation problem, a decision flow chart was constructed and combined with an engineered lost circulation approach to combat losses and strengthen the wellbore across these natural fractures. This approach was designed to more efficiently drill a new well in this field.
Firstly, combined engineered wellbore strengthening approaches to cure losses included a high-strength, high-solid lost circulation system with a goal to control the losses. This system initially appeared efficient and was later combined with particulate material to improve strengthening and plugging capabilities. Due to fracture size uncertainty, an engineered fiber-based design loss circulation control pill was implemented to increase the sealing efficiency of the uncertain fractured zones. This pill was based on a resilient engineered fiber portion that used a particle size distribution principle. The concept of combining fibers and optimized solids was to form an impermeable grid to strengthen the wellbore integrity. A laboratory test was performed to confirm the system's ability to bridge the loss zone. These solutions were pumped through circulation ports above the drilling bottomhole assembly a total flow area (TFA) of 1.571 in.2. Once these solutions were incorporated, they helped to successfully regain fluid returns across the naturally fractured zones while permanently sealing the losses.
Deploying the combined engineered pill and resilient engineered fiber pill at a different depth proved their applicability under different conditions and a standard engineering approach for improving wellbore integrity was developed for future drilling in this field. The aggregated solid grid formed by this combined approach ensured additional force and pressure created by drilling more deeply into the section and making it possible to successfully drill to the section TD without additional nonproductive time and risk of well control loss.
A Noninvasive Method to Sample Immune Cells in the Lower Female Genital Tract Using Menstrual Discs
Authors: Peters M Quinn , Domenjo-Vila Eva , Carlson Marc , Armistead Blair , Edlefsen Paul T , Gasper Melanie , Dabee Smritee , Whidbey Christopher , Jaspan Heather B , Prlic Martin , Harrington Whitney E 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
T cells in the human female genital tract (FGT) are key mediators of susceptibility to and protection from infection, including HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. There is a critical need for increased understanding of the distribution and activation of T cell populations in the FGT, but current sampling methods require a healthcare provider and are expensive, limiting the ability to study these populations longitudinally. To address these challenges, we have developed a method to sample immune cells from the FGT utilizing disposable menstrual discs which are noninvasive, self-applied, and low in cost. To demonstrate reproducibility, we sampled the cervicovaginal fluid of healthy, reproductive-aged individuals using menstrual discs across 3 sequential days. Cervicovaginal fluid was processed for cervicovaginal cells, and high-parameter flow cytometry was used to characterize immune populations. We identified large numbers of live, CD45+ leukocytes, as well as distinct populations of T cells and B cells. Within the T cell compartment, activation and suppression status of T cell subsets were consistent with previous studies of the FGT utilizing current approaches, including identification of both tissue-resident and migratory populations. In addition, the T cell population structure was highly conserved across days within individuals but divergent across individuals. Our approach to sample immune cells in the FGT with menstrual discs will decrease barriers to participation and empower longitudinal sampling in future research studies.
Icariin plus curcumol enhances autophagy through the mTOR pathway and promotes cathepsin B-mediated pyroptosis of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Wang Xu-Yun , Xu Wen-Jing , Li Bo-Nan , Sun Tian-Song , Sheng Wen 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
To examine the effect of icariin plus curcumol on prostate cancer cells PC3 and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods:
We employed the Cell Counting Kit 8 assay and colony formation assay to assess cell viability and proliferation. Autophagy expression was analyzed using monodansylcadaverine staining. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses were used to evaluate protein expressions related to autophagy, pyroptosis, and the mTOR pathway. Cellular damage was examined using the lactate dehydrogenase assay. Moreover, cathepsin B and NLRP3 were detected by co-immunoprecipitation.

Results:
Icariin plus curcumol led to a decrease in PC3 cell proliferation and an enhancement of autophagy. The levels of LC3-II/LC3-I and beclin-1 were increased, while the levels of p62 and mTOR were decreased after treatment with icariin plus curcumol. These changes were reversed upon overexpression of mTOR. Furthermore, 3-methyladenine resulted in a decrease in inflammatory cytokines, pyroptosis-related protein levels, and lactate dehydrogenase concentration, compared to the icariin plus curcumol group. Inhibiting cathepsin B reversed the regulatory effects of icariin plus curcumol.

Conclusions:
Icariin plus curcumol demonstrates great potential as a therapeutic agent for castration-resistant prostate cancer by enhancing autophagy via the mTOR pathway and promoting pyroptosis mediated by cathepsin B. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic potential of icariin and curcumol for prostate cancer treatment.
Catalpa bignonioides extract improves exercise performance through regulation of growth and metabolism in skeletal muscles
Authors: Jeong Hoibin , Lee Dong-joo , Kwon Sung-Pil , Park SeonJu , Kim Song-Rae , Kim Seung Hyun , Park Jae-Il , Lee Deug-chan , Choi Kyung-Min , Lee WonWoo , Park Ji-Won , Yun Bohyun , Cho Su-Hyeon , Kim Kil-Nam 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
To evaluate the effects of Catalpa bignonioides fruit extract on the promotion of muscle growth and muscular capacity in vitro and in vivo.

Methods:
Cell viability was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell proliferation was assessed using a 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU) assay kit. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the protein expressions of related factors. The effects of Catalpa bignonioides extract were investigated in mice using the treadmill exhaustion test and whole-limb grip strength assay. Chemical composition analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Results:

Catalpa bignonioides extract increased the proliferation of C2C12 mouse myoblasts by activating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. It also induced metabolic changes, increasing the number of mitochondria and glucose metabolism by phosphorylating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. In an in vivo study, the extract-treated mice showed improved motor abilities, such as muscular endurance and grip strength. Additionally, HPLC analysis showed that vanillic acid may be the main component of the Catalpa bignonioides extract that enhanced muscle strength.

Conclusions:

Catalpa bignonioides improves exercise performance through regulation of growth and metabolism in skeletal muscles, suggesting its potential as an effective natural agent for improving muscular strength.
Hydrangea serrata extract exerts tumor inhibitory activity against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells via inducing p27/CDK2-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis
Authors: Kim Ye-eun , Hwang Jeonghye , Kim Ki-Young 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
To examine the inhibitory effect of Hydrangea serrata extract against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and its underlying mechanisms.

Methods:
The effects of Hydrangea serrata extract on growth inhibition of tumor cells and spheroids were assessed using MTT and 3D culture assays. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analyses were employed to investigate the changes in mRNA and protein expression levels of molecules related to cell cycle and apoptosis.

Results:

Hydrangea serrata extract effectively inhibited the growth of both tumor cells and spheroids. The extract also significantly upregulated p27 mRNA expression and downregulated CDK2 mRNA expression, leading to cell cycle arrest. Moreover, increased BAX/Bcl-2 ratio as well as caspase-9 and - 3 were observed after treatment with Hydrangea serrata extract, indicating the induction of tumor cell apoptosis.

Conclusions:

Hydrangea serrata extract has the potential to alleviate tumors by effectively modulating cell-cycle-related gene expressions and inducing apoptosis, thereby inhibiting tumor growth.
Effectiveness of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) versus bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) in preventing tracheal reintubation in patients with high risk of extubation failure in intensive care unit – A randomised comparative trial
Authors: Kumari Nisha , Kumari Bibha , Kumar Sanjeev , Arun Nidhi , Kumari Ritu 
Published: February 2024

Background and Aims:
The incidence of tracheal extubation failure in high-risk patients is higher, and non-invasive ventilation is suggested to avoid tracheal reintubation. This study compares the effectiveness of bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) and high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) to reduce the rate of reintubation in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with increased risk of extubation failure.

Methods:
This randomised comparative trial was conducted on 60 high-risk patients on mechanical ventilators admitted to the ICU, ready for weaning after a spontaneous breathing trial. They were randomised to Group H for HFNC and Group B for BiPAP therapy. Designated therapy was administered in these high-risk patients for up to 48 hours after tracheal extubation. Haemodynamic parameters [mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), a saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO2), electrocardiogram (ECG)], arterial blood gas analysis (ABG) parameter [potential of hydrogen (pH), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen (paO2/FiO2) ratio], the effectiveness of cough, comfort level was recorded and continuous monitoring for signs of respiratory distress and failure was done.

Results:
Most of the patients were obese and had more than two risk factors for extubation failure. Several patients in Group B have significantly higher successful extubation than in Group H (P = 0.044). Most of the reintubation took place within 24 hours. The HFNC therapy was more comfortable and acceptable to patients.

Conclusion:
BiPAP therapy was more efficient than HFNC in preventing tracheal reintubation among patients with a high risk of extubation failure.
Tailgut Duplication Cyst: A Rare Cause of Refractory Low Back Pain in a Teenage Girl
Authors: Kambale Tushar , Iqbal Banyameen , Choudhury Nilanjana Dhar , Sawaimul Komal D 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Tailgut cyst, or retrorectal cystic hamartoma, is a rare congenital malformation originating from retrorectal or presacral space. It stands as an embryonic vestige of the hindgut’s postnatal component. Owing to its rarity, undiagnosed asymptomatic cases and diverse array of clinical presentations that potentially mimic other diseases, correct diagnosis is often delayed. It can present at any age but is most prevalent in middle-aged females, often remaining asymptomatic and eluding detection during digital rectal examinations. Postoperative histopathological examination is the definitive diagnostic method. This case report highlights an unusual presentation of a tailgut cyst as an underlying etiology for lower back pain in a 17-year-old female patient, emphasizing the importance of considering it as a potential differential diagnosis for intractable lower back pain, especially in young females. Timely recognition of this condition is pivotal for precise management and better patient outcomes.
Nebulized Hypertonic Saline in Children with Acute Wheezing or Asthma Exacerbation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Das Rashmi Ranjan , Singh Meenu , Gulla Krishna Mohan , Bhat Javeed Iqbal 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nebulized hypertonic in children with acute wheezing or asthma exacerbation.

Methods:
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with the application of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Relevant databases were searched till July 30, 2023.

Results:
Of 157 citations retrieved, two RCTs including 88 children were included in the review. A total of 38 children received hypertonic saline (HS) (5% in 16 children), and 63.6% (n = 56) were male. The RCTs included children with acute wheezing (one included acute viral wheezing) either the first episode or recurrent episodes. Compared to the control group, the nebulized HS group had a decrease in hospital stay of 1 day. The admission rate, discharge rate, and asthma severity score improved in the HS group. The evidence generated for the primary outcome (duration of hospital stay) was of “moderate certainty,” and for secondary outcomes, it varied from “very low to moderate certainty.”

Conclusions:
HS (3% or 5%) along with salbutamol decreased the duration of hospitalization and asthma severity score in children aged 6 months–6 years presenting with acute wheezing to the emergency department. The evidence generated was of “moderate certainty.” However, we need more data from high-quality RCTs with large sample sizes from diverse settings before any recommendation can be made.

[PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022354696].
Influence of endotracheal tube and laryngeal mask airway for general anesthesia on perioperative adverse events in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy: A propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Jia Yanan , Zhang Yu , Wang Zihan , Pan Wei , Fu Haifeng , Du Wenwen 
Published: February 2024

Background:
To compare perioperative adverse events between general anesthesia with endotracheal tube (ETT) and general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Materials and Methods:
This was a large sample retrospective, propensity score-matched (PSM) study. We collected the data of 6739 female patients who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy between January 2016 and June 2021 in our hospital, China. Patients were divided into two groups (ETT group and LMA group) according to different airway management modes. Data on all perioperative adverse events were collected. PSM analysis was performed to control confounding factors and differences in baseline values between the two groups. Finally, 4150 female patients were recruited after PSM.

Results:
The total number of patients taking intraoperative vasoactive drugs during surgery was higher in the ETT group than in the LMA group (P = 0.04). The LMA group had a higher incidence of vomiting (51 [2.46%]) and somnolence (165 [7.95]) in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) than the ETT group (71 [3.42%] and 102 [4.92%], respectively) (P = 0.02 and P < 0.001). Hypothermia was significantly higher in the LMA group (183 [10.36%]) than in the ETT group (173 [8.34%]) in the PACU (P = 0.03). The number of patients with sore throat was significantly higher in the ETT group (434 [20.02%]) than in the LMA group (299 [14.41%]) in the ward (P < 0.001). Other variables such as hypoxemia, moderate to severe pain, abdominal distension, diarrhea, sleep disorders, wound bleeding, and skin itch were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
The ETT group had more incidences of vomiting, sore throat, and cough complications and needed more drug treatment than the LMA group. LMA is a better airway management mode and LMA general anesthesia can be safely used in patients undergoing laparoscopic nonemergency hysterectomy.