bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copper Single Atoms Chelated on Ligand‐Modified Carbon for Ullmann‐type C−O Coupling
Authors: Ruta Vincenzo , Di Liberto Giovanni , Moriggi Francesco , Ivanov Yurii P. , Divitini Giorgio , Bussetti Gianlorenzo , Barbera Vincenzina , Bajada Mark A. , Galimberti Maurizio , Pacchioni Gianfranco , Vilé Gianvito 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCross‐coupling reactions are of great importance in chemistry due to their ability to facilitate the construction of complex organic molecules. Among these reactions, the Ullmann‐type C−O coupling between phenols and aryl halides is particularly noteworthy and useful for preparing diarylethers. However, this reaction typically relies on homogeneous catalysts that rapidly deactivate under harsh reaction conditions. In this study, we introduce a novel heterogeneous catalyst for the Ullmann‐type C−O coupling reaction, comprised of isolated Cu atoms chelated to a tetraethylenepentamine‐pyrrole ligand that is immobilized on graphite nanoplatelets. The catalytic study reveals the recyclability of the material, and demonstrates the crucial role of the pyrrole linker in stabilizing the Cu sites. The work expands the potential of single‐atom catalyst nanoarchitectures and underscores the significance of ligands in stabilizing metals in cationic forms, providing a novel, tailored catalyst for cross‐coupling chemistries.
Carbon isotope ratios of phenethylamine and its urinary metabolite phenylacetylglutamine
Authors: Piper Thomas , Krombholz Sophia , Thevis Mario 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhenethylamine (PEA) is a naturally occurring trace amine that acts as a modulator in the central nervous system. It is widely sold as a dietary supplement and advertised for its mood enhancing effects and should support weight loss. It is prohibited in sports and itemized as a stimulant on the Prohibited List issued by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA). After oral administration of PEA, its urinary concentration is found only slightly elevated while metabolites of PEA show a significant increase. Besides 2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)acetamide sulfate, especially phenylacetylglutamine (PAG) was found at significantly elevated urinary concentrations after the administration. Due to large inter‐ and intra‐individual variations in urinary concentrations of all metabolites, establishing a concentration or concentration ratio‐based threshold remained complicated to unambiguously identify post‐administration samples. In accordance with the approach employed in detecting testosterone misuse, the applicability of isotope ratio mass spectrometry to differentiate between endogenously elevated concentrations and PEA administrations was investigated. A method encompassing solid‐phase extraction combined with acetylation and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)‐based clean‐up was developed and validated for PEA. The more abundant metabolite PAG was purified by a direct injection approach on the HPLC and could be analyzed without the need for derivatization. Both methods were validated considering applicable WADA regulations. A reference population encompassing n = 57 samples was investigated to establish population‐based thresholds considering the carbon isotope ratios (CIRs) found at natural abundance for PAG. The derived threshold was tested for its applicability by re‐analysis of numerous post‐administration samples encompassing single‐ and multi‐dose trials.
A facile ratiometric electrochemical sensing platform with in‐situ electropolymerized thionine on effective sensing of 5‐hydroxytryptamine
Authors: Chen Kankan , Xu Jiawei , Song Jingjing , Liu Zhonggang , Guo Zheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe ratiometric electrochemical sensors have been highly explored to minimize system errors and environmental interference. However, it is extremely desirable on the development of an effective ratiometric electrochemical sensor in a facile approach without the complicated assembly process. In this work, an effective internal reference probe was coupled based on the polymerized thionine (pTh) via a one‐step electrodeposition method. The ratiometric electrochemical sensing platform was applied for 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) detection, where the internal reference probe, Th, presented the robust redox signal and can be clearly distinguished from the oxidation signal of 5‐HT. The proposed pTh modified GCE presented the outstanding electrochemical performance on sensing 5‐HT in a wide concentration range with a detection limit of 8.4 nΜ. Further, the fabricated sensor was efficiently employed for the detection of 5‐HT in various human serum samples and the obtained results were consistent with the reported range in serum samples. This work offers the great possibility on the fabrication of efficient ratiometric sensors in a facile approach and presents great application prospects in clinical diagnosis.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of brivaracetam in neonates with repeated electroencephalographic seizures: A multicenter, open‐label, single‐arm study
Authors: Pressler Ronit , Boylan Geraldine , Dempsey Eugene , Klotz Kerstin Alexandra , Krauwinkel Walter , Will Edgar , Morita Diego , Floricel Florin , Elshoff Jan‐Peer , van den Anker John 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of brivaracetam (BRV) in neonates with repeated electroencephalographic seizures not controlled with previous antiseizure medications (ASMs).MethodsPhase 2/3, multicenter, open‐label, single‐arm study (N01349/NCT03325439) in neonates with repeated electroencephalographic seizures (lasting ≥10 s) confirmed by video‐electroencephalography, and inadequate seizure control with at least one ASM. A screening period (up to 36 h) was followed by a 48‐h evaluation period during which patients received 0.5 mg/kg BRV twice daily (b.i.d) intravenously (IV). Patients who benefitted from BRV (investigator's opinion) could continue 0.5 mg/kg b.i.d (IV or oral solution) in an extension period. Outcomes included plasma concentrations of BRV following the first dose (primary), and incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs).ResultsSix patients (median [range] postnatal age: 1.5 [1.0, 6.0] days) received ≥1 dose of BRV. All six patients completed the evaluation period; two entered and completed the extension period. Overall (evaluation and extension periods), three patients received one dose of 0.5 mg/kg BRV and three received more than one dose. The median (range) duration of exposure to BRV (IV and oral solution) was 1.5 (1.0, 29.0) days (n = 6). At 0.5–1, 2–4, and 8–12 h following IV BRV administration, the GeoMean (GeoCV) plasma concentrations of BRV were 0.53 mg/L (15.40% [n = 5]), 0.50 mg/L (28.20% [n = 6]), and 0.34 mg/L (13.20% [n = 5]), respectively. Individual and population BRV PK profiles were estimated, and individual PK parameters were calculated using Bayesian feedback. The observed concentrations were consistent with the predicted PK. Three patients experienced four TEAEs, none of which were considered related to BRV.SignificanceBRV plasma concentrations in neonates were consistent with data in older children receiving BRV oral solution, and with data from adults receiving a nominal IV dose of 25 mg b.i.d. BRV was well tolerated, with no drug‐related TEAEs reported.Plain Language SummaryFew drugs are available to treat seizures in newborn babies. Brivaracetam is approved to treat focal‐onset seizures in children and adults in Europe (patients 2 years of age and older) and the United States (patients 1 month of age or older). In this study, six newborns with repeated seizures were treated with intravenous brivaracetam. The study doctors took samples of blood from the newborns and measured the levels of brivaracetam. The concentrations of brivaracetam in the newborns’ blood plasma were consistent with data from studies in older children and in adults. No brivaracetam‐related medical problems were reported.
Effects of A‐ and B‐type starch granules on composition, structural, thermal, morphological, and pasting properties of starches from diverse wheat varieties
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Singh Narpinder , Khatkar Bhupendar Singh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe distribution of A‐ and B‐type‐sized starch granules plays a deciding role in controlling the physicochemical, structural, morphological, and functional attributes of wheat starch. Starches of three Indian wheat varieties, viz. DBW 16, WH 147, and WH 542, were fractionated into A‐ and B‐type starch granules and further evaluated for their influence on various attributes of wheat starches using different analytical tools like X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry, and rapid viscoanalyzer. SEM revealed that the size of large granules (A‐type) ranged from 12.6 to 36.4 µm and small granules (B‐type) varied from 2.53 to 7.52 µm. The amylose content was significantly higher for A‐type starch ranging from 26.6% to 29.68% than B‐type starch ranging from 19.20% to 22.38%. The highest swelling power was observed for B‐type granules, followed by native and A‐type granules, and similar trend was noticed for water absorption. Pasting viscosities of A‐type granules were higher than B‐type for starches of all wheat varieties. A higher pasting temperature was observed in B‐type starch granules, suggesting more resistance to swell during the heating process. X‐ray diffraction of wheat starches showed A‐type pattern of crystallinity, variety DBW 16 (27%) showed the highest relative crystallinity and intensities of peaks in comparison to varieties WH 147 (23.5%) and WH 542 (22.4% as observed in diffractograms and well supported by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. Fractionated large granules of wheat starches exhibited a higher gelatinization temperature than smaller granules and native starches for all the varieties. It was also observed that A‐type granules had higher onset temperature comparatively, which suggested that high energy is required in gelatinization due to more ordered arrangement of starch molecules.
The impact of armed conflicts on the nutritional status of children: Evidence from Northern Nigeria
Authors: Ojeleke Olabayo , Groot Wim , Bonuedi Isaac , Pavlova Milena 
Published: December 2023

AbstractArmed conflicts often significantly exacerbate the magnitude and severity of malnutrition by increasing food insecurity. Evidence shows that malnutrition is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children during conflicts. This study examines the impact of the armed conflicts in Northern Nigeria on nutritional status of children under the age of five. Three waves (2008, 2013, and 2018) of individual‐level birth records data from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) dataset are spatially merged with information on conflict events drawn from the Armed Conflict Location and Events Dataset. All fatal incidents in the study region during the 5‐year intervals 2004–2008, 2009–2013 and 2014–2018 are aggregated and mapped to the 2008, 2013 and 2018 NDHS clusters, respectively. A cluster is classified to be exposed to conflict if located within 5–10 km radius of an incident with at least 1 fatality. We use matching analysis in a difference‐in‐differences approach to estimate the effects of the conflicts on stunting, wasting, and underweight. We find that the impact of conflict exposure differs by the dimension of child nutritional status. While it significantly lowers the risk of stunting, it has no discernible significant effect on the likelihood of wasting or being underweight among under‐fives. Though nutritional support/interventions in the conflict‐affected areas are crucial and must be prioritised, an all‐inclusive strategy for a long‐term resolution of the conflict is needed to engender development, improve food security, reduce vulnerability to malnutrition, and improve the health and wellbeing of the residents of the region.
Do toys get in the way? The duration of shared emotional experiences is longer when mothers engage their infants without toys
Authors: Sjolseth Sheila R. , Frosch Cynthia A. , Owen Margaret Tresch , Redig Samantha L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDuring mother‐infant interaction, shared emotional experiences, defined as reciprocal and synchronous emotional sharing between mother and infant, are an indicator of early relational health. Yet, it is unclear how mothers’ efforts to engage with their infants relate to dyadic‐level shared emotional experiences. Utilizing a sample of 80 randomly selected videos of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, we examined how mothers’ bids for interaction with their 6‐month‐old infants related to the duration of shared emotional experiences. An event sampling, sequential coding system was used to identify a maternal bid for interaction (i.e., with toy, without toy) and the subsequent presence or absence of a shared emotional experience, including duration of the shared emotional experience. Results indicated that shared emotional experiences were longer following mothers’ efforts to engage their infants in play without toys. Findings suggest that methods matter; researchers and practitioners interested in studying and promoting shared emotional experiences between mothers and infants may wish to focus on dyadic interactions without toys.
CBD2: A functional biomarker database for colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Xueli , Li Min , Ye Siting , Shen Ke , Yuan Haining , Bakhtyar Shoaib , Peng Qiliang , Liu Yongsheng , Wang Yingying , Li Manshi , Zhang Chi , Wang Yixin , Bai Xiaohe , Liu Shunming , Zhao Ke , Shen Bairong , Repsilber Dirk , Hu Guang , Zhang Hong , Sun Xiao‐Feng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe rapidly evolving landscape of biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC) necessitates an integrative, updated repository. In response, we constructed the Colorectal Cancer Biomarker Database (CBD), which collected and displayed the curated biomedicine information for 870 CRC biomarkers in the previous study. Building on CBD, we have now developed CBD2, which includes information on 1569 newly reported biomarkers derived from different biological sources (DNA, RNA, protein, and others) and clinical applications (diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis). CBD2 also incorporates information on nonbiomarkers that have been identified as unsuitable for use as biomarkers in CRC. A key new feature of CBD2 is its network analysis function, by which users can investigate the visible and topological network between biomarkers and identify their relevant pathways. CBD2 also allows users to query a series of chemicals, drug combinations, or multiple targets, to enable multidrug, multitarget, multipathway analyses, toward facilitating the design of polypharmacological treatments for CRC. CBD2 is freely available at http://www.eyeseeworld.com/cbd.
Roles of physical functioning and comorbid mental illness of chronically ill parents and their spouses' health status in adolescent functioning
Authors: Chen Cliff Yung‐Chi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionEmerging research suggests that physically ill parents' psychological adjustment to illness and emotional well‐being may affect adolescents' psychosocial functioning. As people with chronic medical conditions often develop mental disorders, it is important to examine the influence of comorbidity of parental physical and mental health conditions on adolescents' functioning. In addition, the physical and mental health status of the spouses/partners of chronically ill parents needs to be explored to further understand the potential impact of parental chronic illness on adolescents' psychological distress and academic performance.MethodsCross‐sectional data from 164 parent–adolescent pairs were collected through online surveys in the United States between 2018 and 2019. Parent participants (Mage = 42.69, SD = 5.96) included parents who had been diagnosed with a chronic physical illness (e.g., multiple sclerosis, diabetes, chronic pain, cancer). Adolescent participants were middle‐ and high‐school‐aged children who lived with their physically ill parents (Mage = 14.34, SD = 2.07).ResultsHierarchical regression analyses indicated that comorbid mental illness of parental chronic illness and spousal mental health status were associated with adolescents' distress. The level of physical functioning of chronically ill parents was related to adolescents' academic performance.ConclusionParental chronic illness appears to affect adolescents' psychological and academic outcomes through distinct pathways. It is important to examine the comorbid mental health status of chronically ill parents and their spouses'/partners' mental health conditions to better understand the impact of parental chronic illness on adolescents' psychological adjustment.
Nanocurcumin attenuates pyroptosis and inflammation through inhibiting NF‐κB/GSDMD signal in high altitude‐associated acute liver injury
Authors: Yang Xinyue , Dong Xiang , Li Jiajia , Zheng Aiping , Shi Wenhui , Shen Caifu , Liu Jiangwei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExposure to a hypobaric hypoxic environment at high altitudes can lead to liver injury, and mounting evidence indicates that pyroptosis and inflammation play important roles in liver injury. Curcumin (Cur) can inhibit pyroptosis and inflammation. Therefore, our purpose here was to clarify the mechanism underlying the protective effect of nanocurcumin (Ncur) and Cur in a rat model of high altitude‐associated acute liver injury. Eighty healthy rats were selected and exposed to different altitudes (6000 or 7000 m) for 0, 24, 48, or 72 h. Fifty normal healthy rats were divided into normal control, high‐altitude control, salidroside (40 mg/kg [Sal‐40]), Cur (200 mg/kg [Cur‐200]), and Ncur (25 mg/kg [Ncur‐25]) groups and exposed to a high‐altitude hypobaric hypoxic environment (48 h, 7000 m). Serum‐liver enzyme activities (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase were detected and histopathology of liver injury was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and inflammatory factors were detected in liver tissues by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Pyroptosis‐associated proteins (gasdermin D, gasdermin D N‐terminal [GSDMD‐N], pro‐Caspase‐1, and cleaved‐Caspase‐1 [cleaved‐Casp1]) and inflammation‐associated proteins (nuclear factor‐κB [NF‐κB], phospho‐NF‐κB [P‐NF‐κB], and high‐mobility group protein B1 [HMGB1]) levels were analyzed by immunoblotting. Ncur and Cur inhibited increased serum‐liver enzyme activities, alleviated liver injury in rats caused by high‐altitude hypobaric hypoxic exposure, and downregulated inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐18, in rat liver tissues. The level of P‐NF‐κB, GSDMD‐N, cleaved‐Casp1, and HMGB1 in rat liver tissues increased significantly after high‐altitude exposure. Ncur and Cur downregulated P‐NF‐κB, GSDMD‐N, cleaved‐Casp‐1, and HMGB1. Ncur and Cur may inhibit inflammatory responses and pyroptosis in a rat model of high altitude‐associated acute liver injury.
Symptom structure of posttraumatic stress disorder in workplace trauma: A “distraction‐avoidance” pattern
Authors: Zhu Zhengqing , Eli Buzohre , Chen Yaru , Liu Zhengkui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals who experience a workplace trauma are at a high risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Most of these people return to work soon after the trauma (i.e., experience early‐stage natural exposure). This study aims to explore the response pattern of workers who have experienced a workplace trauma and early‐stage natural exposure through network analysis and provide insights into the potential impact of early‐stage natural exposure.MethodsOur study included 278 workers directly experiencing the workplace explosion in the Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Zone. A partial correlation network analysis was used to explore the PTSD symptoms relationship and identify central symptoms.ResultsThe results suggest that emotional numbness, difficulty in concentration, re‐experiencing symptoms, and avoidance of thoughts are the most central symptoms, reflecting a “distraction‐avoidance” pattern.ConclusionsThe current study found that workers who experienced workplace trauma exhibited a “distraction‐avoidance” pattern, which helps deepen our understanding of the PTSD network and leads to some suggestions on intervention measures.
Exploring the role of polymers to overcome ongoing challenges in the field of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Simon Laurianne , Lapinte Vincent , Morille Marie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally occurring nanoparticles released from all eucaryotic and procaryotic cells. While their role was formerly largely underestimated, EVs are now clearly established as key mediators of intercellular communication. Therefore, these vesicles constitute an attractive topic of study for both basic and applied research with great potential, for example, as a new class of biomarkers, as cell‐free therapeutics or as drug delivery systems. However, the complexity and biological origin of EVs sometimes complicate their identification and therapeutic use. Thus, this rapidly expanding research field requires new methods and tools for the production, enrichment, detection, and therapeutic application of EVs. In this review, we have sought to explain how polymer materials actively contributed to overcome some of the limitations associated to EVs. Indeed, thanks to their infinite diversity of composition and properties, polymers can act through a variety of strategies and at different stages of EVs development. Overall, we would like to emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary research involving polymers to address persistent limitations in the field of EVs.
Omicron induced distinct immune respiratory transcriptomics signatures compared to pre‐existing variants in critically ill COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Bay Pierre , Rodriguez Christophe , Caruso Stefano , Demontant Vanessa , Boizeau Laure , Soulier Alexandre , Woerther Paul L. , Mekontso‐Dessap Armand , Pawlotsky Jean‐Michel , de Prost Nicolas , Fourati Slim 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSevere coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is related to dysregulated immune responses. We aimed to explore the effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants on the immune response by nasopharyngeal transcriptomic in critically‐ill patients. This prospective monocentric study included COVID‐19 patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission between March 2020 and 2022. Patients were classified according to VOC (ancestral, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron). Eighty‐eight patients with severe COVID‐19 were included after matching (on prespecified clinical criteria). Profiling of gene expression markers of innate and adaptive immune responses were investigated by respiratory transcriptomics at ICU admission. Eighty‐eight patients were included in the study after matching (ancestral [n = 24], Alpha [n = 24], Delta [n = 22], and Omicron [n = 18] variants). Respiratory transcriptomic analysis revealed distinct innate and adaptive immune profiling between variants. In comparison with the ancestral variant, there was a reduced expression of neutrophil degranulation, T cell activation, cytokines signalling pathways in patients infected with Alpha and Delta variants. In contrast, there was a higher expression of neutrophil degranulation, T and B cells activation, and inflammatory interleukins pathways in patients infected with Omicron. To conclude, Omicron induced distinct immune respiratory transcriptomics signatures compared to pre‐existing variants in patients with severe COVID‐19, pointing to an evolving pathophysiology of severe COVID‐19 in the Omicron era.