bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of testosterone, FSH, LH and E2 hormone levels in infertility suspected males with COVID-19 infection
Authors: Gökalp Özkorkmaz Ebru , Özdemir Başaran Süreyya , Afşin Muhamet , Aşir Firat 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that has many adverse impacts on many systems including reproduction. The direct effects of COVID-19 on urogenital system are still open to argue. This study aimed to compare testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2) hormone levels in COVID-19 infected male individuals with infertility suspicion.

Methods:
One hundred five control (healthy) and 105 COVID-19 infected males aged between 20 to 54 years old were enrolled in the study. All patients were either diagnosed with primary or secondary infertility suspicion. The COVID-19 infection was diagnosed via reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction test. Blood samples from patients were analyzed from the control and COVID-19 group to measure serum testosterone, FSH, LH, and E2 levels. Hormone levels were statistically compared between groups with the Independent T test.

Results:
In control and COVID-19 patients, no significance was determined for FSH and LH hormone values. Testosterone hormone were significantly decreased and E2 level was statistically increased in COVID-19 patients compared to that in the control group (P < .001).

Conclusion:
COVID-19 is a viral disease that affects organ including gonads. COVID-19 infection decreased testosterone levels and increased E2 levels, which leading to disorders in male and female reproductivity.
Self-limited corneal ectasia in a post-LASIK eye after cataract surgery: A case report
Authors: Chang Hao-Yun , Ho Wei-Ting 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
To present a case with a history of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) developing central conic protrusion after phacoemulsification cataract surgery, which spontaneously resolved 5 months postoperatively.

Patient concerns:
A 55-year-old female who underwent myopic LASIK surgery 10 years ago presented to the clinic with bilateral cataracts and without ectasia. Following phacoemulsification cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation in the right eye, the patient experienced a significant increase in spherical equivalent and corneal astigmatism.

Diagnoses:
Based on a central conic protrusion on topography examination, surgically-induced corneal ectasia was diagnosed.

Interventions:
Topical lubricants, corticosteroids, and serial follow-up with corneal topography.

Outcomes:
The corneal protrusion gradually resolved over a period of 5 months.

Lessons:
For post-LASIK patient who developed corneal protrusion following uneventful cataract surgery with a clear corneal incision, the clear corneal wound may have disrupted the biomechanical stability of the post-LASIK eye, compromising the peripheral stromal integrity. Additionally, postoperative inflammation could have contributed to corneal ectasia. Smaller clear corneal wounds or scleral tunnel entry during cataract surgery in post-LASIK eyes should be considered. Monitoring wound healing and using topical steroids can aid in achieving satisfactory outcomes and reducing the potential vision-threatening complications associated with corneal ectasia.
Ultrasound surveillance for deep venous thrombosis and subsequent venous thromboembolism in adults with trauma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Al-Sharydah Abdulaziz M. , Alshahrani Mohammed S. , Maghrabi Khalid , Tashkandi Wail , Amer Marwa 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Studies have shown routine ultrasound surveillance (RUSS) will facilitate deep vein thrombosis (DVT) detection in patients with trauma and reduce the subsequent incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE); however, the findings were inconsistent. In adults with trauma at a high risk of venous thromboembolism, this systematic review and meta-analysis compared RUSS outcomes with those of “no RUSS.”

Methods:
Three databases were screened for relevant articles from inception to October 18, 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies comparing RUSS with no RUSS were included. We used relative risks (RRs), odds ratios (ORs), and mean differences to pool effect estimates for dichotomous and continuous outcomes. The cochrane risk of bias or the risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions were used to assess bias risk. The grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation framework assessed the certainty of the evidence.

Findings:
Out of 1685 articles, 5 met the inclusion criteria (RCT: 1; observational studies: 4). Observational studies suggested RUSS is associated with higher odds of DVT detection (OR, 4.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.13–7.57; very low certainty). Whereas higher risks of DVT were associated with RUSS in the RCT (distal DVT: RR, 15.48; 95% CI, 7.62–31.48; low certainty, and proximal DVT: RR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.04–5.39; very low certainty). Reduced odds of PE risk were observed with the RUSS (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.24–0.91; very low certainty). Observational studies indicated that RUSS had an uncertain effect on mortality (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.06–3.49). In the RCT, times to proximal and distal DVT diagnoses were shorter with RUSS (proximal DVT, mean difference 2.25 days shorter [95% CI, 5.74–1.24]; distal DVT, mean differences 1.56 days shorter [95% CI, 4.22–1.12]; very low certainty for both). Increasing bleeding risk was not linked to the RUSS group (RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.31–4.92).

Interpretation:
The RUSS efficacy in adults with trauma at high risk for venous thromboembolism showed that it increases DVT detection, decreases PE incidence, and shortens the time to DVT diagnosis, with an uncertain impact on mortality. The evidence is low or very low in certainty because of bias, inconsistency, imprecision, and indirectness.
Zavegepant nasal spray for the acute treatment of migraine: A meta analysis
Authors: Waqas Muhammad , Ansari Faizan Ur Rehman , Nazir Anam , Hussain Khadija Saleem Raza , Sarfraz Zouina , Sarfraz Azza , Sarfraz Muzna , KC Manish 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Zavegepant nasal spray is a novel CGRP receptor antagonist that has been developed for the acute treatment of migraine – a prevalent disease leading to disability and economic burden. The meta-analysis aims to quantify the efficacy of Zavegepant compared to standard care or placebo in achieving pain freedom, freedom from most bothersome symptoms (MBS), sustained pain freedom, and pain relapse at 2 to 48 hours.

Methods:
Databases and registers were systematically searched to identify relevant clinical trials. Two independent reviewers used a standardized data extraction form to collect relevant data on primary and secondary outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed in RevMan 5.4 software. The efficacy of Zavegepant was compared to placebo using odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, chi-square test, Z value, and P value. Cochrane ROB-2 and ROBINS-I tools were used to assess the biases (osf.io/b32ne).

Results:
Of 36 identified studies, 3 were included in this meta-analysis. Zavegepant was more effective in achieving pain freedom (OR: 1.6, P < .00001), and freedom from MBS at 2 hours (OR = 1.4, P < .00001). The intervention group demonstrated a higher likelihood of sustained pain freedom between 2 and 48 hours (OR = 1.74, P < .00001). Although there was a trend towards reduced pain relapse between 2 and 48 hours in the intervention group, the difference was insignificant (OR = 0.67, P = .11).

Conclusion:
This meta-analysis confirms the effectiveness of Zavegepant nasal spray in treating acute migraine, with significant improvements in pain and symptom relief. Further research is needed to determine the effect on pain relapse and overall safety.
Fatal invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in non-immunocompromised host: A case report
Authors: Ao Wanping , Huang Ping , Wang Jinjing , Fu Xiaoyun , Fu Bao 
Published: February 2024

Rationale:
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is an uncommon but life-threatening disease. The disease often occurs in immunocompromised patients or critically ill patients. Here, we reported that IPA occurred in a non-immunocompromised host.

Patient concerns:
A 45-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for 1 week due to fever and cough. He was engaged in waste recycling and lived in a dark and humid environment for a long time.

Diagnosis:
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.

Interventions:
Next generation sequencing and pathological examination of alveolar lavage fluid indicated aspergillus infection. He received voriconazole infusion after admission. After 5 weeks of antifungal treatment, his condition improved significantly and discharged.

Outcome:
One week after discharge, his condition deteriorated again and returned to the hospital. Unfortunately, he died.

Lesson:
The immunocompetent adults can develop invasive pulmonary aspergillosis if they are exposed to high-risk environments. IPA in non-immunocompromised host should arouse the vigilance of clinicians.
Effect of governor vessel moxibustion (GVM) therapy with mild to moderate psoriasis: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sun Dan , Feng Wen-Ya , Mou Jing-Kang , Chen Lu , Zhao Yi-Ding , Yan Xiao-Ning , Li Wen-Bin 
Published: February 2024

Background:
It was hypothesized that governor vessel moxibustion (GVM) therapy may improve the course of mild to moderate psoriasis (PS) in patients.

Methods:
A randomized, controlled clinical trial lasting 40 days was conducted at the Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine. Investigators were blinded to patient groupings. Individuals with mild to moderate PS ranging in age from 18 to 70 years were enrolled. GVM therapy was administered one every 10 days for 40 days with 1.5 hours on the governor meridian in the GVM therapy group. The PS area and severity index (PASI) and dermatological life quality index (DLQI) scores were monitored before and after treatment.

Results:
There was a significant reduction in the mean PASI score in the GVM therapy group of 0.76 points (2.37 [2.61]; SE, 0.39) after 40 days of treatment compared with the control group (3.12 [2.12], SE, 0.32) (P < .01). There were also significantly greater changes in the DLQI scores of the GVM therapy group (4.23 [2.25]; SE, 0.34) compared with those in the control group (8.91 [3.85]; SE, 0.59) (P < .001).

Conclusion:
GVM therapy effectively reduced both PASI and DLQI scores in patients with mild to moderate PS.
Comparison of subperiosteal or subgaleal drainage and subdural drainage in patients with chronic subdural hematoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Song Ling , Zhou Kun , Wang Cheng , Chen Junquan , Feng Bin , Deng Xiaopeng , Du Xiaolin 
Published: February 2024

Background:Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a relatively common disease, especially in the elderly, for which there is no clear standard of treatment available. The authors systematically evaluated the efficacy of various surgical procedures for the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma.Methods:Electronic databases of PubMed, EmBase, Web of Science, Medicine, and the Cochrane Library were searched systematically. Based on the PRISMA template, we finally selected and analyzed 13 eligible papers to evaluate the effect of different drainage methods on CSDH. The primary outcomes were recurrence and clinical outcomes. Secondary outcomes were mortality and postoperative complications and other parameters.Results:The meta-analysis included 3 randomized controlled trials and 10 retrospective studies (non-randomized controlled trials) involving 3619 patients. The pooled results showed no statistically significant difference between non-subdural drainage (NSD) and subdural drainage (SD) in mortality and complication rates (P > 0.05). Additionally, overall pooled results showed that the use of NSD (10.9%) has a lower recurrence rate than the use of SD (11.7%), but the results were not statistically significant (relative risk ratio [RR] = 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.70–1.45;I2 = 47%;P = .92). However, the difference between NSD and SD in postoperative bleeding rate reached statistical significance (RR = 2.39; 95% CI = 1.31–4.36;I2 = 0 %;P = .004). Subgroup analysis showed that SD was associated with similar recurrent CSDH (RR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.52–1.09;I2 = 0%;P = .14), good recovery (RR = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.93–1.04;I2 = 0%;P = .50), and mortality (RR = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.37–2.57;I2 = 0%;P = .96), compared to NSD.Conclusions:These results suggest that NSD and SD are equally effective in the treatment of patients with CSDH, with no difference in final clinical characteristics and radiologic outcomes. However, in patients with limited subdural space after evacuation of a hematoma, NSD may be the preferred strategy to avoid iatrogenic brain injury.
Effect of long-acting versus short-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on improving body weight and related metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetes: A head-to-head meta-analysis
Authors: Yuan Xia , Gao Zhe , Hao Zhihua , Ma Huijuan , Duan Kaixin , Yang Caixuan 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) showed great value in treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to compare the effectiveness of long-acting and short-acting GLP-1RAs on improving body weight and related metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as a reference for the treatment of NAFLD with T2DM.

Methods:
We searched eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and web of science database until August 2023. The risk of bias of included RCTs were assessed by the Risk Assessment of Cochrane Review items. We mainly drew forest plots to compare the effects of long and short acting GLP-1 RAs using RevMan 5.4.

Results:
Twelve RCTs involving 2751 patients were included in our meta-analysis. Compared with short-acting GLP-1 RAs, the long-acting group was better in body weight (P < .00001, MD = −0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.90, −0.40], I2 = 20%), and the same results in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (P < .00001, MD = −0.43, 95% CI [−0.54, −0.33], I2 = 55%) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (P < .00001, MD = −0.77, 95% CI [−1.01, −0.52], I2 =70%). For the lipid parameters, long-acting drugs lowered cholesterol (TC) (P = .02, SMD = −0.19, 95% CI [−0.35, −0.03], I2 =57%) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P = .02, SMD = −0.17, 95% CI [−0.33, −0.02], I2 =51%) more significantly compared with short-acting drugs. But treatment differences were not significant in triglycerides (TG) (P = .40, SMD = −0.05, 95% CI [−0.15, −0.06], I2 = 0%), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P = .85, SMD = −0.01, 95% CI [−0.11, −0.09], I2 = 0%).

Conclusion:
Long-acting GLP-1RAs may be more promise than short-acting GLP-1RAs in improving weight and related metabolic parameters.
A case of colonic MALT lymphoma with intra-abdominal abscess and lung metastasis: A case report
Authors: Lee Kangkook , Lee Jin Wook , Jung Hye Ra , Park Myeongsoon , Cho Kwang Bum , Lee Ju Yup 
Published: February 2024

Rationale:
Colonic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is an unusual subtype comprising only 2.5% of all MALT lymphomas. Most cases of colonic MALT lymphoma are diagnosed at an early stage. Therefore, the clinical features of advanced-stage colonic MALT lymphoma have seldom been reported, and the endoscopic findings are not well established. In this study, we report the clinical and endoscopic characteristics of stage IV colonic MALT lymphoma and highlight the importance of repeat biopsy to figure out this rare disease.

Patient concerns:
The patient was a 68-year-old male complaining of hematochezia and lower left quadrant abdominal pain for the past 3 days.

Diagnoses:
The patient had 3 masses and friable mucosal lesions in the colon. With the first colonoscopy and biopsy, he was initially diagnosed as having eosinophilic colitis. However, the first treatment with steroids did not show any response. Because of atypical clinical features and colonoscopic findings, a second colonoscopy and a repeat biopsy were performed, and the results were consistent with colonic MALT lymphoma arising in the colon. The patient was finally diagnosed with stage IV colonic MALT lymphoma accompanied by multiple distant metastases.

Interventions and outcomes:
The patient started to receive chemotherapy with a combination regimen of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone. The follow-up study after 3 months showed stable disease status based on response evaluation criteria in solid tumors.

Lessons:
This case report presents atypical clinical characteristics and colonoscopic findings of stage IV colonic MALT lymphoma. Clinical suspicion and repeat biopsy should be considered to diagnose this rare and diagnostically challenging cancer.
Disseminated disease caused by Mycobacterium marseillense: A case report and literature review
Authors: Cheng Ji , Qu Jun-Yan , Hamblin Michael R. , Hao Dan , Wen Xiang 
Published: February 2024

Rationale:
Among numerous types of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections, Mycobacterium avium complex is a related group of species, which can cause various diseases in humans. Mycobacterium marseillense is a member of the Mycobacterium avium complex, which accounts for only a small proportion of species, but causes rare diseases affecting the lungs, lymph nodes, skin, and tendon sheath. So far, very few cases have been reported.

Patient concerns:
A 76-year-old male of peculiar skin infection. Metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing and bacterial culture of skin secretions revealed M marseillense. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first patient diagnosed with disseminated M marseillense infection. Here, we identified only 8 other reports of patients with M marseillense infection.

Diagnoses:
Disseminated M marseillense infection.

Interventions:
The patient was treated with clarithromycin, rifampicin, moxifloxacin, and ethambutol.

Outcomes:
The skin lesions of the patient showed significant improvement, and his pruritus and limb pain were notably reduced after 7 months of follow-up.

Lessons:
Metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing may be a useful tool to diagnose M marseillense infection, but the results should be confirmed by culture and mycobacterial identification.
The displaced polymer clamp entered the duodenum causing an abscess: A case report
Authors: Yang Yong Qiang , Gou Wen Bin 
Published: February 2024

Rationale:
The Hem-o-lok clip, made from a nonabsorbable polymer, and its predecessor the metal ligation clip have been used widely for laparoscopic or robot-assisted surgery to ligate the cystic duct after a cholecystectomy, to ligate the appendix after an appendectomy, or control hemorrhage or on occasion to occlude a fistula or enterotomy. Displacement of these ligation clips to distant sites is an extremely rare complication in clinical practice.

Patient concerns:
The patient is a 67-year old female who sought medical attention for 3 days due to worsening intermittent upper abdominal pain and poor appetite. Gastroscopy showed both an ulcer and the presence of a foreign object embedded in the anterior wall of the duodenal bulb, consistent with what looked like a polymer-based ligation clip. After removal of the foreign body, which turned out to be a remnant of the polymer clip, no further pus was seen, but fresh granulomatous tissues were seen at the base.

Diagnoses:
a polymer-based clip-induced duodenal bulb erosion with a local contained enterically draining abscess.

Interventions:
The patient recovered after removing foreign bodies under gastroscopy and receiving anti infection treatment.

Outcomes:
The patient recovered after removing foreign bodies under gastroscopy and receiving anti infection treatment.

Lessons:
In laparoscopic cholecystectomy, attention should be paid to the correct surgical techniques, possibly by decreasing the number of such clips used or considering use of absorbable clips, ligature wires, ligation with absorbable suture material, or ultrasonic resection, all of which can be used for clipless cholecystectomy.
Radical resection of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis combined with cystic echinococcosis: A case report
Authors: Ma Xiaoguang , Su Wei , Wang Xiao , Zhao Rui 
Published: February 2024

Rationale:
Hepatic Echinococcosis, is a zoonotic Parasitic disease with a worldwide distribution. Clinical cases of alveolar echinococcosis combined with cystic echinococcosis infection are extremely rare.

Patient concerns:
A 58-year-old patient had found liver occupying lesions for more than 2 years. A left hepatic alveolar hydatid was found, occupying the entire left half of the liver, with a size of approximately 6.7 cm × 10.9 cm × 8.1 cm. The size of the right liver is about 9 × 8 cm cystic hydatid, mainly located in the S5 segment of the liver. Abdominal examination: the upper abdomen is swollen, and a hard mass can be touched under the right rib margin, with tenderness and no rebound pain. The bowel sounds are normal.

Diagnoses:
Abdominal MR shows an increase in liver volume and irregular morphology, with patchy abnormal signal shadows visible in the left lobe of the liver, with a range of approximately 6.7 cm × 10.9 cm × 8.1 cm, low signal on T1WI, low signal on T2WI and FS-T2WI, slightly high signal on diffusion weighted imaging, high signal on apparent diffusion coefficient, no significant enhancement of the lesion after enhancement. In addition, there is a clump like abnormal signal shadow visible in the right lobe of the liver, with a size of approximately 7.9 cm × 7.3 cm × 7.9 cm, low signal on T1WI, mixed high signal on T2WI, high signal on diffusion weighted imaging, mixed signal on apparent diffusion coefficient. Consider: Left lobe alveolar echinococcosis, and right lobe cystic echinococcosis (CE III type).

Interventions:
A radical resection was performed, including expanded left hemi-hepatectomy, cholecystectomy, right hepatic lesion resection, partial right hepatic duct resection with right hepatic duct jejunostomy.

Outcomes:
The wound healed well after resection. There was no recurrence of TC after 4 years follow-up.

Lessons:
The co-infection of alveolar echinococcosis and cystic echinococcosis in a patient is an exceedingly rare occurrence. Radical resection is the only curative treatment.
Two successful pregnancies in a membranous nephropathy patient: Case report and literature review
Authors: Qin Congcong , Hu Zhijuan , Shi Yanan , Cui Hui , Li Jiejie 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Pregnancy in patients with nephrotic syndrome presents enormous challenges to both the mother and fetus, and there are no treatment guidelines for these patients.

Methods:
We show a case of a woman with anti-PLA2R antibody-positive membranous nephropathy who did not have a kidney biopsy. Her clinical course during both pregnancies was closely followed and her medications were guided.

Results:
She gave birth to 2 healthy babies and her condition was very well controlled with the help of medication.

Conclusion:
Patients with nephrotic syndrome can have successful pregnancies after drug treatment. In addition, similar to the non-pregnant population, percutaneous kidney biopsy is not required for the diagnosis of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) in pregnant nephrotic syndrome patients with anti-PLA2R antibody positive, but the etiology of secondary MN should be excluded.