bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AML1B transcriptional repressor function is impaired by the Flt3‐internal tandem duplication
Authors: Takahashi Shinichiro , Harigae Hideo , Kameoka Junichi , Sasaki Takeshi , Kaku Mitsuo 
Published: July 2005

SummaryFms‐like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase. The internal tandem duplication (ITD) of the juxtamembrane region of this receptor is the most prevalent mutation in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The silencing mediator of retinoic and thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT) co‐repressor recruits histone deacetylases (HDAC) and mediates transcriptional repression by interacting with various transcription factors. We recently reported that Flt3‐ITD interferes with the transcriptional and biological action of promyelocytic leukaemia zinc finger transcriptional repressor by dissociating it from SMRT. In this study, we aimed to clarify whether the repressional activity of other well‐known oncoproteins, such as AML1/Runx1 (AML1), is also affected by Flt3‐ITD. We verified that the repression activity of AML1B, the isoform of AML1, is dependent on HDAC activity by using HDAC inbitor trichostatin A in GAL4 reporter assays. Mammalian two‐hybrid assays demonstrated that this protein interacts with SMRT. Furthermore, this AML1B–SMRT interaction was disrupted by the overexpression of Flt3‐ITD, leading to the reduction of AML1B repression activity. Additionally, we showed AML1B repression target, p21 WAF1/CIP1, was aberrantly expressed in Flt3‐ITD stably expressed BaF3 cells. Taken together, Flt3‐ITD disrupts transcriptional repressor functions resulting in aberrant gene regulation in leukaemic cells.
Health‐related quality of life in children with sickle cell disease: child and parent perception
Authors: Panepinto Julie A. , O'Mahar Kerry M. , DeBaun Michael R. , Loberiza Fausto R. , Scott J. P. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryHealth‐related quality of life (HRQL) is an outcome that may be used to measure the impact of sickle cell disease on the child and their family but has not been routinely assessed in this disease. The objective of this study was to describe the HRQL of children with sickle cell disease as reported by the parent and the child, to compare the relationship between the two, and to determine the association of parent, child and disease characteristics on HRQL. Ninety‐five parents completed the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ)‐Parent Form28 and 53 children completed the CHQ‐Child Form87. Compared with the child report, parents reported worse HRQL in the overall perception of health, physical functioning, behaviour and self esteem domains of HRQL (P < 0·005). Parent and child reports of HRQL correlated strongly in assessment of the impact of bodily pain (r = 0·58) on HRQL and moderately in physical functioning (r = 0·44), behaviour (r = 0·45), general health (r = 0·44), self esteem (r = 0·40) and changes in health (r = 0·33) domains. Disease status, neurobehavioral co‐morbidities, and parent education were associated with the HRQL of the child. Both the parent and child perspectives are needed to fully understand the impact of sickle cell disease on the HRQL of the child and effect of this disease on the family.
Sildenafil therapy in patients with sickle cell disease and pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Machado Roberto F. , Martyr Sabrina , Kato Gregory J. , Barst Robyn J. , Anthi Anastasia , Robinson Michael R. , Hunter Lori , Coles Wynona , Nichols James , Hunter Christian , Sachdev Vandana , Castro Oswaldo , Gladwin Mark T. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryPulmonary hypertension is a frequent complication of sickle cell disease that is associated with haemolysis, impaired nitric oxide bioavailability and high mortality. We sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of selective pulmonary vasodilators and antiproliferative agents in this at‐risk population. After optimising sickle cell disease therapy to stabilise haemoglobin and fetal haemoglobin levels, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of sildenafil in 12 patients with sickle cell disease and pulmonary hypertension. Sildenafil therapy (mean duration 6 ± 1 months) decreased the estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure [50 ± 4 to 41 ± 3 mmHg; difference 9 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0·3–17, P = 0·043] and increased the 6‐min walk distance (384 ± 30 to 462 ± 28 m; difference 78 m, 95% CI: 40–117, P = 0·0012). Transient headaches occurred in two patients and transient eye‐lid oedema in four patients. No episodes of priapism occurred in the three men in the study; two of them were on chronic exchange transfusions and one had erectile dysfunction. In conclusion: (1) sickle cell disease patients with anaemia and pulmonary hypertension have significant exercise limitation; (2) the 6‐min walk distance may be a valid endpoint in this population; (3) therapy with sildenafil appears safe and improves pulmonary hypertension and exercise capacity. Additional phase I studies in males with sickle cell disease followed by phase II/III placebo controlled trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of sildenafil therapy in sickle cell disease patients with pulmonary hypertension are warranted.
A novel 33·3 kb deletion (‐ ‐KOL) in the alpha‐globin gene cluster: a brief report on deletional alpha‐thalassaemia in the heterogeneous eastern Indian population
Authors: Sarkar Anjali Angelika , Banerjee Subrata , Chandra Sharmila , Ghosh Moloy , Banerjee Debashish , Choudhury Manju Datta , Das Manikanchan , Dasgupta Uma B. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryWe have detected, in three unrelated eastern Indian individuals, a hitherto unreported alpha zero deletion, ‐ ‐KOL, in the heterozygous state, encompassing the embryonic zeta2‐globin and the duplicated alpha‐globin genes extending from c. 1150 bp upstream of the zeta2 globin gene to c. 960 bp downstream of the theta1 gene. Other deletions present in 120 unrelated, eastern Indian, putative alpha‐thalassaemia patients are −3·7 kb (16·25%), −4·2 kb (5%) and ‐ ‐SEA (3·33%).
Strain localization in sandstone during embryonic stages of shear‐zone evolution
Authors: Katz Yoram , Weinberger Ram 
Published: July 2005

AbstractGeometric analysis of nested Riedel structures was used to identify and quantify strain localization processes within faulted Navajo sandstone. The analysis shows systematic deviation from the basic Riedel geometry complying with the Mohr–Coulomb criterion. Using cross‐cutting relations amongst deformation bands within the Riedel structures, and comparing the orientations of the deformation bands to theoretical strain calculations, we identify two coupling deformation mechanisms involved in the early stages of shear‐zone evolution, namely, granular flow and discrete faulting. Both mechanisms localize during strain accumulation, and the granular flow facilitates considerable change in the initial geometry of the Riedel structures. The analysis demonstrates a systematic sequence, by which new Riedel structures form after a constant amount of shear strain takes place in the sandstone. Analysis further indicates that granular flow is the major deformation mechanism during early stages of shear‐zone evolution and discrete faulting is the dominant mechanism during later deformation stages.
Grenvillian and Caledonian evolution of eastern Svalbard – a tale of two orogenies
Authors: Johansson Åke , Gee David G. , Larionov Alexander N. , Ohta Yoshihide , Tebenkov Alexander M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSvalbard is located in the north‐west corner of the Barents Sea shelf and the Eurasian Plate, in a key area for interpreting Caledonian and older orogens in the Arctic region. Recent U–Pb dating in the Nordaustlandet Terrane of eastern Svalbard shows this terrane to consist of a Grenville‐age basement, overlain by Neoproterozoic to early Palaeozoic platformal sediments, and intruded by Caledonian anatectic granites. Deformation, metamorphism and crustal anatectic magmatism occurred both during the Grenvillian (960–940 Ma) and Caledonian (450–410 Ma) orogenies. This evolution shows great similarities with that of eastern Greenland. In the classical model, eastern Svalbard is placed outboard of central east Greenland in pre‐Caledonian time. Alternatively, it may have been located north‐east of Greenland and transferred west and rotated anticlockwise during Caledonian continent–continent collision. In the Neoproterozoic, easternmost Svalbard may have been part of a wider area of Grenville‐age crust, now fragmented and dispersed around the Arctic.
Burst of high‐temperature seawater injection throughout accreting oceanic crust: a case study in Oman ophiolite
Authors: Nicolas Adolphe , Mainprice David 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFollowing the discovery of a high temperature (HT) (∼800 °C) and a very high temperature (1000 °C) hydrothermal alteration in the crust of the Oman ophiolite, a systematic structural and petrological study was conducted throughout the entire ophiolite, with supporting isotopic geochemistry. The published results showed that the crustal gabbros are extensively altered down to Moho by a large seawater flux, which was channelled through an identified recharge and discharge circuit. Microcracks, constituting the recharge system, propagated through the hot gabbros, accreting at the ridge and, in spite of their submillimetre width, provided the conduit for the large volume of seawater necessary for the observed alteration. Building on these results, we show here that these microcracks opened and were active over a time of a few tens of thousands years, while the newly accreted gabbros were drifting away from the ridge. Microcrack activity was highly episodic, with bursts of seawater ingression lasting a few days to a few weeks, followed by quiescence periods of a few tens of years. This model of HT, oceanic hydrothermal alteration has several implications concerning fast spreading oceanic ridges.
The age of the Paludi Formation: a major constraint to the beginning of the Apulia‐verging orogenic transport in the northern sector of the Calabria–Peloritani Arc
Authors: Bonardi Glauco , Capoa Paola de , Staso Angelida Di , Perrone Vincenzo , Sonnino Maurizio , Tramontana Mario 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA stratigraphic revision of the Paludi Formation, cropping out in Northern Calabria on the north‐eastern side of Sila Massif, has confirmed that it has been deposited between two main tectonic phases. Actually the formation is involved only by top to the north‐east thrusts, different from those separating the crystalline and ophiolitic nappes of Northern Calabria, and rests unconformably on the Sila Unit, the uppermost nappe of the tectonic stack. In the frame of the interpretation of Northern Calabria as a fragment of the Alps, the Paludi Formation play the role of a deposit post‐dating the eo‐alpine tectonic phases and pre‐dating the Apenninic orogenic transport. Therefore the Aquitanian age of the formation, obtained by nannofloras analyses, can be considered the minimum age to the Apulia‐verging orogenic transport, witnessed by top to north‐east thrusts. It fairly corresponds to the age referred to the Lucanian ocean closure.
Integrated stratigraphy (cyclostratigraphy and biochronology) of late Middle Miocene deposits in the Mediterranean area and comparison with the North and Equatorial Atlantic Oceans: synthesis of the major results
Authors: Lirer Fabrizio , Iaccarino Silvia 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe stratigraphic correlation of North and Equatorial Atlantic Ocean records with Mediterranean astronomically tuned sections reveals the diachrony of several planktonic foraminiferal bioevents, but shows the possibility to adopt the Mediterranean biostratigraphy in North Atlantic records. These data provide new tools for biostratigraphic correlation, mainly between the Mediterranean and the North Atlantic areas. Quantitative analyses carried out on planktonic foraminifera reveal the occurrence at Site 982‐HoleB (ODP Leg 162) of some bioevents in the same order as those recorded in Mediterranean sequences. In addition,Neogloboquadrina atlantica praeatlanticafirst occurrence (FO) [within the short range ofParagloborotalia mayeri,sensuRiv. Ital. Paleontol. Stratigr.108(2002) 257] occurs in levels older than its FO in the Mediterranean area where it first appears at the same level asN. acostaensiss.s. coinciding with the last occurrence ofP. partimlabiata. In agreement with the findings of Poore [Init. Rep. Deep Sea Drilling Proj.49 (1979) 447] and the hypothesis ofZachariasse and Aubry [Paleobios16(1994)68], the first representative of the neogloboquadrinids originated north of Iceland and migrated towards the southern latitudes at different times, first in the Mediterranean and mid‐latitude Atlantic Ocean, then in low‐latitudes (Site 397).
Reconstructing historical seismicity from lake sediments (Lake Laffrey, Western Alps, France)
Authors: Nomade Jérôme , Chapron Emmanuel , Desmet Marc , Reyss Jean‐Louis , Arnaud Fabien , Lignier Vincent 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSediment archives from a mountain lake are used as indicators of seismotectonic activity in the Grenoble area (French western Alps, 45°N). Sedimentological analysis (texture and grain‐size characteristics) exhibits several layers resulting from instantaneous deposits in Lake Laffrey: six debris flow events up to 8 cm thick can be attributed to slope failure along the western flank of the basin. Dating with 210Pb and 137Cs gamma counting techniques and the reconnaissance of historical events, provide a constrained age‐depth model. Over the last 250 years, five of such debris flow deposits could be related to historical earthquakes of MSK intensities greater than VI over an area of <60 km. One debris flow deposit triggered at the beginning of the last century can be related to an historical landslide possibly triggered by the artificial regulation of the lake level.
Tectono‐sedimentary evolution of the southern branch of the Western Tethys (Maghrebian Flysch Basin and Lucanian Ocean): consequences for Western Mediterranean geodynamics
Authors: Guerrera F. , Martín‐Martín M. , Perrone V. , Tramontana M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe evolution of the oceanic Maghrebian Flysch Basin and its continuation in the Southern Apennines was studied by reconstructing mainly representative stratigraphic successions. In all sectors a common evolution has been identified. Rifting and drifting phases are indicated by remnants of oceanic crust, Jurassic limestones, Cretaceous–Palaeogene turbiditic and pelagic deposits. The pre‐orogenic sedimentation was mainly controlled by extensional tectonics and sea‐level changes. The occurrence of a generalized foredeep stage since the Early Miocene is testified by thick siliciclastic and volcaniclastic syn‐orogenic flysch successions. The deformation of the oceanic areas began in the Burdigalian and the resulting nappes were stacked in the growing chains. During the Middle Miocene, piggy‐back basins developed and the building of the chains was accomplished in the Late Tortonian. Areal distribution and ages of flysch deposits represent an important tool for the study of the diachronous growth of the accretionary wedges.
Mio‐Pliocene magnetostratigraphy in the southern Carpathian foredeep and Mediterranean–Paratethys correlations
Authors: Vasiliev Iuliana , Krijgsman Wout , Stoica Marius , Langereis Cor G. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA full understanding of the Mio‐Pliocene palaeogeographical and palaeoenvironmental changes in the circum‐Mediterranean region during the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) is at present hampered by the lack of reliable chronostratigraphic correlations between the Mediterranean and Paratethys regions. Here, we present magnetostratigraphic ages for the Upper Miocene to Pliocene deposits of the southern Carpathian foredeep in Romania. These ages are in good agreement with those recently obtained from the eastern Carpathian foredeep and define a new chronology for the eastern Paratethys. The Meotian/Pontian boundary is not biostratigraphically constrained in our sections, but according to the geological map of the region arrives at ∼5.8 Ma. The Pontian/Dacian boundary is dated atc.4.8 Ma and the Dacian/Romanian boundary atc.4.1 Ma. The main part of the MSC (5.96–5.33 Ma) is thus represented by the Pontian Stage, but the observed palaeoenvironmental and biostratigraphic changes in our sections of the eastern Paratethys do not indicate any relation with the dramatic desiccation and reflooding events of the Mediterranean.
Radioisotopic dating of the Tortonian Global Stratotype Section and Point: implications for intercalibration of 40Ar/39Ar and astronomical dating methods
Authors: Kuiper Klaudia F. , Wijbrans Jan R. , Hilgen Frederik J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn this paper we present new 40Ar/39Ar data of volcanic ash layers intercalated in the astronomically dated sections of Monte dei Corvi and Monte Gibliscemi (Italy) to obtain better radioisotopic time constraints on the Serravallian/Tortonian boundary and to confirm the intercalibration of radioisotopic and astronomical time proposed by Kuiper et al. [2004; Fish Canyon Tuff (FCT)‐sanidine at 28.21 ± 0.03 Ma]. The latter intercalibration is supported by astronomically calibrated FCT sanidine ages for two ash layers at Monte Gibliscemi (GiF‐1: 28.28 ± 0.04; GiD‐3: 28.16 ± 0.04 Ma; ±1 SE). As a consequence, our results support the astronomically calibrated age of 11.608 Ma for the Tortonian Global Stratotype Section and Point and, hence, the tuning of the Serravallian/Tortonian boundary interval. The Ancona and Respighi levels at Monte dei Corvi give a more diffuse picture, possibly because of contamination with detrital or xenocrystic material and the inferior quality of biotite for intercalibration purposes.
Efficacy and safety of two dosages of cotrimoxazole as preventive treatment for HIV‐infected Malawian adults with new smear‐positive tuberculosis
Authors: Boeree Martin J. , Sauvageot Delphine , Banda Hastings T. , Harries Anthony D. , Zijlstra Eduard E. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryObjective  To assess the efficacy and safety of two different dosages of cotrimoxazole (CTX) in prophylaxis in HIV‐positive new smear‐positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients in Blantyre, Malawi.Method  Randomized, double‐blind trial using 480 and 960 mg of CTX given to new TB patients, who were followed up until the end of the tuberculosis treatment. The primary outcome was survival. The outcome in the two groups was also compared with an unselected cohort of similar patients registered in Zomba, Malawi in 1995 and new smear‐positive patients registered in the National Tuberculosis Programme in 1999. The secondary outcome was the occurrence of (opportunistic) events, especially bacterial pneumonia.Results  There were no statistically significant differences in mortality and bacterial pneumonia between the groups receiving the two different dosages. The case fatality rate at the end of the tuberculosis treatment was 15.4% in the 480 mg group and 14.0% in the 960 mg group. This was lower than the case fatality rate in the Zomba cohort (19.2%, P = 0.10) and lower than the case fatality rate in the national programme (21.0%, P < 0.001). CTX was well tolerated. Compliance was fair.Conclusions  CTX prophylaxis may have a beneficial effect on mortality and morbidity in HIV‐infected smear‐positive tuberculosis patients in Malawi. The efficacy of both dosages is not significantly different. The intervention is cheap and easy to implement. These results would support implementation of CTX in this patient group until better strategies are available or evidence is convincingly presented to suggest that its benefit is marginal.
The epidemiology of animal bite injuries in Uganda and projections of the burden of rabies
Authors: Fèvre E. M. , Kaboyo R. W. , Persson V. , Edelsten M. , Coleman P. G. , Cleaveland S. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryObjectives  Rabies is a global problem, although it is often under‐reported in developing countries. We aimed at describing the profile of patients presenting to health centres with animal bite injuries in Uganda, and use a predictive model to estimate the mortality of rabies at a national level.Methods  We conducted a passive surveillance study in Uganda based in a random sample of health centres supplied with rabies vaccine to determine the characteristics of bite injury patients and establish the age and sex profiles of patients, the site of bites and their severity, wound management techniques and details of the vaccination course given. We also applied a decision tree model to the data to estimate the rabies mortality from the bite injury data using an established protocol.Results  We found that most patients are bitten by dogs, and that a considerable proportion of these are young children, who are at greater risk of developing rabies in the absence of treatment due to the location of the bites they receive. From conservative parameter estimates, we estimate that in the absence of post‐exposure prophylaxis (PET), 592 (95% CI 345–920) deaths would occur, and that if one dose of PET is sufficient for protection following a rabid animal bite, 20 (95% CI 5–50) deaths would occur annually. If a complete course of PET is required for protection following a rabid animal bite, up to 210 (95% CI 115–359) deaths would occur, as 41% of patients did not complete their course of PET.Conclusions  Active animal bite surveillance studies are required to improve our mortality estimates and determine the true burden of rabies in the Ugandan population. We emphasize the need for small‐scale active case detection studies and improved data on the recognition of rabies in dogs as inputs for improving national‐level estimates of rabies mortality.
Effects of vitamin A supplementation on child mortality: evidence from Nepal's 2001 Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Thapa Shyam , Choe Minja Kim , Retherford Robert D. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryObjective To assess the effect of Nepal's vitamin A supplementation programme on child mortality at age 12–59 months.Materials and methods Logistic regression, applied to retrospective data from Nepal's 2001 Demographic and Health Survey.Results After a number of potentially confounding variables are controlled, the effect of 100% community‐level vitamin A coverage since the child's birth, relative to no coverage, is to reduce the odds of dying at age 12–59 months by slightly more than half (OR = 0.47,P = 0.03).Conclusions The estimated beneficial effect of vitamin A supplementation on child mortality is larger than that found in most earlier clinical studies. This larger effect may be due mainly to the other health‐related activities undertaken by the female community health volunteers who distribute vitamin A capsules.
Impact of vector control on a dengue fever outbreak in Trinidad, West Indies, in 1998
Authors: Chadee Dave D. , Williams Fiona L. R. , Kitron Uriel D. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryIn 1998, Trinidad experienced its first major outbreak of dengue haemorrhagic fever. Data from the Trinidad Public Health Laboratory, the National Surveillance Unit and Insect Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, Trinidad and Tobago were analysed to determine the impact of vector control measures on the dengue outbreak. Geographical Information Systems (GIS)/Global Positioning Systems (GPS) were used to map cases and to distinguish epidemiological clusters. The Aedes aegypti population densities were higher than the 5% transmission threshold in all counties. The spatial distribution of dengue fever cases was significantly correlated with the heavily populated east–west corridor in the north and several distinctly separate clusters in the western part of the island. The temporal distribution patterns showed significantly more dengue fever cases occurring during the rainy season than during the dry season. This study documents the importance of vector control in the prevention of dengue transmission since no vaccine is currently available, and emphasizes the urgent need to understand better the environmental factors which contribute to the proliferation of this disease vector Ae. aegypti.