bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ctDNA response after pembrolizumab in non-small cell lung cancer: phase 2 adaptive trial results
Authors: Anagnostou Valsamo , Ho Cheryl , Nicholas Garth , Juergens Rosalyn Anne , Sacher Adrian , Fung Andrea S. , Wheatley-Price Paul , Laurie Scott A. , Levy Benjamin , Brahmer Julie R. , Balan Archana , Niknafs Noushin , Avrutin Egor , Zhu Liting , Sausen Mark , Bradbury Penelope A. , O’Donnell-Tormey Jill , Gaudreau Pierre Olivier , Ding Keyue , Dancey Janet 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCirculating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has shown promise in capturing primary resistance to immunotherapy. BR.36 is a multi-center, randomized, ctDNA-directed, phase 2 trial of molecular response-adaptive immuno-chemotherapy for patients with lung cancer. In the first of two independent stages, 50 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer received pembrolizumab as standard of care. The primary objectives of stage 1 were to ascertain ctDNA response and determine optimal timing and concordance with radiologic Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) response. Secondary endpoints included the evaluation of time to ctDNA response and correlation with progression-free and overall survival. Maximal mutant allele fraction clearance at the third cycle of pembrolizumab signified molecular response (mR). The trial met its primary endpoint, with a sensitivity of ctDNA response for RECIST response of 82% (90% confidence interval (CI): 52–97%) and a specificity of 75% (90% CI: 56.5–88.5%). Median time to ctDNA response was 2.1 months (90% CI: 1.5–2.6), and patients with mR attained longer progression-free survival (5.03 months versus 2.6 months) and overall survival (not reached versus 7.23 months). These findings are incorporated into the ctDNA-driven interventional molecular response-adaptive second stage of the BR.36 trial in which patients at risk of progression are randomized to treatment intensification or continuation of therapy. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04093167.
OPUS-DSD: deep structural disentanglement for cryo-EM single-particle analysis
Authors: Luo Zhenwei , Ni Fengyun , Wang Qinghua , Ma Jianpeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) captures snapshots of dynamic macromolecules, collectively illustrating the involved structural landscapes. This provides an exciting opportunity to explore the structural variations of macromolecules under study. However, traditional cryo-EM single-particle analysis often yields static structures. Here we describe OPUS-DSD, an algorithm capable of efficiently reconstructing the structural landscape embedded in cryo-EM data. OPUS-DSD uses a three-dimensional convolutional encoder–decoder architecture trained with cryo-EM images, thereby encoding structural variations into a smooth and easily analyzable low-dimension space. This space can be traversed to reconstruct continuous dynamics or clustered to identify distinct conformations. OPUS-DSD can offer meaningful insights into the structural variations of macromolecules, filling in the gaps left by traditional cryo-EM structural determination, and potentially improves the reconstruction resolution by reliably clustering similar particles within the dataset. These functionalities are especially relevant to the study of highly dynamic biological systems. OPUS-DSD is available athttps://github.com/alncat/opusDSD.
Record-breaking heat days disproportionately influence heat perceptions
Authors: Hyde Timothy , Albarracín Dolores 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFrom heat waves to hurricanes, tangible weather experiences have been shown to strengthen personal belief in climate change. We ask whether a high temperature day that breaks local heat records—which is a mathematical construct not directly accessible to the senses—has additional impacts on perceptions of worsening heat, above and beyond that of the absolute temperatures. Matching historical heat records to survey data from the United States, we find that each record heat day in a county in 2022 increases perceptions that excessive heat is getting worse, even when controlling for average temperatures, the number of extreme heat days, and demographic factors. Our estimates suggest that exposure to sixteen record heat days predicts roughly the same difference in excessive heat perceptions as between the average Democrat respondent and a political independent. This effect is stronger for populations that are more skeptical of climate science, including Republicans, as well as respondents with weaker beliefs in climate change and more frequent consumption of conservative media. We close with recommendations for media framing of local record-breaking heat events and call for more research on how media outlets cover record-breaking heat.
Role of support bio-templating in Ni/Al2O3 catalysts for hydrogen production via dry reforming of methane
Authors: Roostaei Tayebeh , Rahimpour Mohammad Reza 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBio-templating, a synthetic approach inspired by nature, is an emerging area in material engineering. In this study, waste leaves of Sycamore were utilized as a bio-template for producing alumina support to prepare catalyst. The performance of Ni and Ce impregnated on bio-templated alumina support was investigated in dry reforming of methane for the first time. The effect of process and catalytic variables were examined in detail. The results showed that impregnation of 20% Ni and 3% Ce on the bio-templated alumina led to improved Ni dispersion and achieving the maximum CH4 conversion of 88.7%, CO2 conversion of 78.5%, and H2 yield of 85.3%, compared to 84.4%, 75.6% and 83.4% for the non-templated catalyst at 700 °C, respectively. Detailed characterization of the catalysts revealed that the enhanced performance in the bio-templated catalyst could be attributed to smaller Ni particles, superior dispersion of Ni on the support, the mesoporous structure of alumina, and the larger surface area of support. Furthermore, analysis of the used catalyst showed reduced coke formation on the catalyst surface and high stability of bio-templated catalysts, highlighting the main advantage of bio-templated catalysts over non-templated ones. The findings presented in this study contribute to the potential future applications of bio-templating materials and shed light on the rational design of bio-templating materials.
Development of machine learning models for predicting unfavorable functional outcomes from preoperative data in patients with chronic subdural hematomas
Authors: Fuse Yutaro , Nagashima Yoshitaka , Nishiwaki Hiroshi , Ohka Fumiharu , Muramatsu Yusuke , Araki Yoshio , Nishimura Yusuke , Ienaga Jumpei , Nagatani Tetsuya , Seki Yukio , Watanabe Kazuhiko , Ohno Kinji , Saito Ryuta 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) often causes neurological deterioration and is treated with hematoma evacuation. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of various machine learning models to preoperatively predict the functional outcome of patients with CSDH. Data were retrospectively collected from patients who underwent CSDH surgery at two institutions: one for internal validation and the other for external validation. The poor functional outcome was defined as a modified Rankin scale score of 3–6 upon hospital discharge. The unfavorable outcome was predicted using four machine learning algorithms on an internal held-out cohort (n = 188): logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM), random forest, and light gradient boosting machine. The prediction performance of these models was also validated in an external cohort (n = 99). The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) of each machine learning-based model was found to be high in both validations (internal: 0.906–0.925, external: 0.833–0.860). In external validation, the SVM model demonstrated the highest ROC-AUC of 0.860 and accuracy of 0.919. This study revealed the potential of machine learning algorithms in predicting unfavorable outcomes at discharge among patients with CSDH undergoing burr hole surgery.
Estimating changes of forest carbon storage in China for 70 years (1949–2018)
Authors: Zeng WeiSheng , Chen XinYun , Yang XueYun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the realm of forest resource inventory and monitoring, stand-level biomass carbon models are especially crucial. In China, their importance is underscored as they form the bedrock for estimating national and international forest carbon storage. This study, based on the data from 52,700 permanent plots in the 9th National Forest Inventory (NFI) of China, was directed towards developing these models. After computing biomass and carbon storage per hectare using specific tree models for 34 species groups, we devised robust volume-derived biomass and carbon storage models for 20 forest types. The application of these models and historical data reveals notably a decline in China's forest carbon storage to 4.90Pg by the late 1970s due to aggressive forest exploitation. However, subsequent conservation and afforestation campaigns have affected a recovery, culminating in a storage of 8.69Pg by the 9th NFI. Over the past 40 years, China's forest carbon storage has surged by 3.79Pg, split between natural forests (2.25Pg) and planted forests (1.54Pg). In benchmarking against three pre-existing models, we discerned discernible biases, underscoring the need for larger modeling sample sizes. Overall, our models stand as a monumental stride in accurately gauging forest carbon storage fluctuations in China, both regionally and nationally.
Four new triterpene saponins from Cephalaria speciosa and their potent cytotoxic and immunomodulatory activities
Authors: Oztunc Ozan , Sumer Okkali Gaye , Zeinali Sevda , Nalbantsoy Ayse , Boke Sarikahya Nazli 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFour new triterpene saponins, namely speciosides A-D (1–4) along with six known saponins were isolated from the n-butanol extract of Cephalaria speciosa. In addition to these, three new prosapogenins (2a–4a) were obtained after alkaline hydrolysis. Elucidation of the structures of the isolated compounds was carried out by 1D, 2D NMR, HR-ESI/MS and GC–MS analyses. Cytotoxic activity was investigated on A549, CCD34-Lu, MDA-MB-231, PC-3, U-87MG, HeLa, HepG-2 cells by MTT method. Additionally, the immunomodulatory effect of compounds was evaluated for macrophage polarization with/without inactivated IBV D274 antigen treatment on THP-1 cells originated macrophage cells in terms of M1 or M2. According to the cytotoxicity results, compound 1 and prosapogenin 2a exhibit significant cytotoxicity than doxorubicin by comparison. The results demonstrated that saponin molecules treated THP-1 originated macrophages were induced M1 and/or M2 polarization. Additionally, macrophage cells treated with/without IBV D274 antigen contained saponin compounds were triggered significantly M2 polarization relative to M1. Notably, monodesmosidic saponins (1 and 2a–4a) in comparison with bisdesmosidic ones (2–4) demonstrated the most effect on M2 polarization. In conclusion, the results showed that all the isolated new saponins and their prosapogenins have immunomodulatory potential on macrophage cells increasing immune response without significant cytotoxic effect on THP-1 originated macrophages.
Full publication of preprint articles in prevention research: an analysis of publication proportions and results consistency
Authors: Sommer Isolde , Sunder-Plassmann Vincent , Ratajczak Piotr , Emprechtinger Robert , Dobrescu Andreea , Griebler Ursula , Gartlehner Gerald 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere is concern that preprint articles will lead to an increase in the amount of scientifically invalid work available. The objectives of this study were to determine the proportion of prevention preprints published within 12 months, the consistency of the effect estimates and conclusions between preprint and published articles, and the reasons for the nonpublication of preprints. Of the 329 prevention preprints that met our eligibility criteria, almost half (48.9%) were published in a peer-reviewed journal within 12 months of being posted. While 16.8% published preprints showed some change in the magnitude of the primary outcome effect estimate, 4.4% were classified as having a major change. The style or wording of the conclusion changed in 42.2%, the content in 3.1%. Preprints on chemoprevention, with a cross-sectional design, and with public and noncommercial funding had the highest probabilities of publication. The main reasons for the nonpublication of preprints were journal rejection or lack of time. The reliability of preprint articles for evidence-based decision-making is questionable. Less than half of the preprint articles on prevention research are published in a peer-reviewed journal within 12 months, and significant changes in effect sizes and/or conclusions are still possible during the peer-review process.
Differences in periprosthetic bone mineral density tendencies with Types 1 and 3C stems in bipolar hemiarthroplasty following hip fracture
Authors: Moon Jun-Ki , Yoon Jae Youn , Jeon Jin Woong , Kook Incheol , Kim Chul-Ho 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the periprosthetic bone mineral density (BMD) changes in the patients who underwent bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BPHA) for geriatric femoral neck fracture between two major different types of cementless femoral stems. A total of 93 patients (96 hips) who underwent BPHA for femoral neck fracture were categorized into two groups: Type 1 (42 patients, 44 hips), and Type 3C stem (51 patients, 52 hips). We investigated the annual follow-up trends of periprosthetic BMD at each Gruen zone during minimum postoperative 5-years; moreover, we compared the trends of periprosthetic BMD between both groups. The mean follow-up period was 7.1 years. In both groups, the overall BMD at the last follow-up had decreased compared with the baseline. In those with the Type 1 stem, BMD in the lateral femoral meta-diaphysis significantly decreased at 1-year follow-up after surgery. In those with Type 3C stem, BMD in the lateral femoral metaphysis postoperatively decreased after 3-years, whereas the BMD in the mediolateral femoral diaphysis drastically decreased postoperative 1-year period and plateaued thereafter. Different tendencies according to stem design were observed obviously in the postoperative BMD change of the proximal femur in patients who underwent BPHA for geriatric femoral neck fracture.
COX17 acetylation via MOF–KANSL complex promotes mitochondrial integrity and function
Authors: Guhathakurta Sukanya , Erdogdu Niyazi Umut , Hoffmann Juliane J. , Grzadzielewska Iga , Schendzielorz Alexander , Seyfferth Janine , Mårtensson Christoph U. , Corrado Mauro , Karoutas Adam , Warscheid Bettina , Pfanner Nikolaus , Becker Thomas , Akhtar Asifa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractReversible acetylation of mitochondrial proteins is a regulatory mechanism central to adaptive metabolic responses. Yet, how such functionally relevant protein acetylation is achieved remains unexplored. Here we reveal an unprecedented role of the MYST family lysine acetyltransferase MOF in energy metabolism via mitochondrial protein acetylation. Loss of MOF–KANSL complex members leads to mitochondrial defects including fragmentation, reduced cristae density and impaired mitochondrial electron transport chain complex IV integrity in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. We demonstrate COX17, a complex IV assembly factor, as a bona fide acetylation target of MOF. Loss of COX17 or expression of its non-acetylatable mutant phenocopies the mitochondrial defects observed upon MOF depletion. The acetylation-mimetic COX17 rescues these defects and maintains complex IV activity even in the absence of MOF, suggesting an activatory role of mitochondrial electron transport chain protein acetylation. Fibroblasts from patients with MOF syndrome who have intellectual disability also revealed respiratory defects that could be restored by alternative oxidase, acetylation-mimetic COX17 or mitochondrially targeted MOF. Overall, our findings highlight the critical role of MOF–KANSL complex in mitochondrial physiology and provide new insights into MOF syndrome.
International food trade contributes to dietary risks and mortality at global, regional and national levels
Authors: Springmann M. , Kennard H. , Dalin C. , Freund F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFood trade is generally perceived to increase the availability and diversity of foods available to consumers, but there is little empirical evidence on its implications for human health. Here we show that a substantial proportion of dietary risks and diet-related mortality worldwide is attributable to international food trade and that whether the contributions of food trade are positive or negative depends on the types of food traded. Using bilateral trade data for 2019 and food-specific risk–disease relationships, we estimate that imports of fruits, vegetables, legumes and nuts improved dietary risks in the importing countries and were associated with a reduction in mortality from non-communicable diseases of ~1.4 million deaths globally. By contrast, imports of red meat aggravated dietary risks in the importing countries and were associated with an increase of ~150,000 deaths. The magnitude of our findings suggests that considering impacts on dietary risks will become an important aspect of health-sensitive trade and agriculture policies, and of policy responses to disruptions in food chains.
Amplification Effects on the Acoustic Change Complex in Older Adults With Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Shehorn James , Wong Bryan , Marrone Nicole , Cone Barbara K. 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
This pilot study evaluated the effect of stimulus level and amplification on the acoustic change complex (ACC) in adults with sensorineural hearing loss.

Method:

Ten adults with a
M
age
of 74 years and bilaterally symmetrical mild-to-severe sensorineural hearing loss listened to contrasting vowel pairs, while cortical evoked potentials were recorded. The vowel contrasts (/a/−/i/ and /u/−/o/) were presented in the sound field at 30 and 60 dBA. Participants were tested with and without amplification fit to their audiogram configurations. ACC component P1–N1–P2 latencies and P1–N1, N1–P2, and P2–N2 peak-to-trough amplitudes were measured for eight test conditions ([two vowel contrasts] × [two levels] × [aided vs. unaided]). Paired-sample
t
tests were used to determine the effects of test conditions on ACC component latencies and amplitudes.

Results:
At 60 dBA, nine of 10 listeners had ACCs in the unaided condition, and the ACC amplitudes were significantly increased in the aided condition for the /a/−/i/ contrast. Amplification did not affect ACC amplitudes for the /u/−/o/ contrast at 60 dBA. At 30 dBA, only three of 10 participants had ACCs present in the aided condition, and none had ACCs in the unaided condition. ACC latencies at 60 dBA were unaffected as a function of amplification, but differences were noted as a function of vowel contrast type.

Conclusions:
ACCs were obtained for adults with hearing loss, demonstrating the feasibility of measuring a listener's neural capacity to discriminate vowel contrasts. The data indicate promising efficacy for using the ACC to evaluate those who cannot provide reliable perceptual responses, such as in immaturity (infants) or neurocognitive conditions (dementia). The ACC provides evidence of the sensory and neural capacity to detect and discriminate vowel sound contrasts, a neuro-biological validation that can be coupled with electroacoustic verification.
Internal magnetic fields in 13 red giants detected by asteroseismology
Authors: Li Gang , Deheuvels Sébastien , Li Tanda , Ballot Jérôme , Lignières François 
Published: October 2023

Context. Magnetic fields affect stars at all evolutionary stages. While surface fields have been measured for stars across the Hertzsprung–Russell (HR) diagram, internal magnetic fields remain largely unknown. The recent seismic detection of magnetic fields in the cores of several Kepler red giants has opened a new avenue to better understand the origin of magnetic fields and their impact on stellar structure and evolution.
Aims. The goal of our study is to use asteroseismology to systematically search for internal magnetic fields in red giant stars observed with the Kepler satellite, and to determine the strengths and geometries of these fields.
Methods. Magnetic fields are known to break the symmetry of rotational multiplets. In red giants, oscillation modes are mixed, behaving as pressure modes in the envelope and as gravity modes in the core. Magnetism-induced asymmetries are expected to be stronger for gravity-dominated modes than for pressure-dominated modes, and to decrease with frequency. Among Kepler red giants, we searched for stars that exhibit asymmetries satisfying these properties.
Results. After collecting a sample of ∼2500 Kepler red giant stars with clear mixed-mode patterns, we specifically searched for targets among ∼1200 stars with dipole triplets. We identified 13 stars exhibiting clear asymmetric multiplets and measured their parameters, especially the asymmetry parameter a and the magnetic frequency shift δνg. By combining these estimates with best-fitting stellar models, we measured average core magnetic fields ranging from ∼20 to ∼150 kG, corresponding to ∼5% to ∼30% of the critical field strengths. We showed that the detected core fields have various horizontal geometries, some of which significantly differ from a dipolar configuration. We found that the field strengths decrease with stellar evolution, despite the fact that the cores of these stars are contracting. Additionally, even though these stars have strong internal magnetic fields, they display normal core rotation rates, suggesting no significantly different histories of angular momentum transport compared to other red giant stars. We also discuss the possible origin of the detected fields.