bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the surface: analyzing etomidate and propofol as anesthetic agents in electroconvulsive therapy—A systematic review and meta-analysis of seizure duration outcomes
Authors: Akhtar Syed M. M. , Saleem Syed Z. , Rizvi Syed H. A. , Raja Sandesh , Asghar Muhammad Sohaib 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a widely used treatment for severe psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, and mania. The procedure involves applying brief electrical stimulation to induce a seizure, and anesthesia is used to ensure sedation and muscle relaxation. Finding the right anesthetic agent with minimal side effects, especially on seizure duration, is crucial for optimal outcomes because seizure duration is an important factor in the effectiveness of ECT, but the anesthetic agents used can affect it.ObjectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to pool the results of all relevant studies comparing the two induction agents, etomidate and propofol, for motor and electroencephalogram (EEG) seizure duration outcomes.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases to identify the relevant articles. The primary outcome measures were motor and EEG seizure durations. Statistical power was ensured by performing heterogeneity, publication bias, sensitivity analysis, and subgroup analysis. Standard mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for continuous outcomes, and a random-effects model was used.ResultsA total of 16 studies were included in this meta-analysis, comprising 7 randomized control trials (RCTs), 7 crossover trials, and 2 cohorts. The overall motor seizure duration was statistically significantly longer with etomidate than with propofol. The overall result for EEG seizure duration was also longer with the use of etomidate over propofol and was statistically significant. In addition, subgrouping was performed based on the study design for both outcomes, which showed insignificant results in the cohort's subgroup for both outcomes, while the RCTs and crossover subgroups supported the overall results. Heterogeneity was assessed through subgrouping and sensitivity analysis.ConclusionOur meta-analysis found that etomidate is superior to propofol in terms of motor and EEG seizure duration in ECT, implying potentially better efficacy. Hence, etomidate should be considered the preferred induction agent in ECT, but larger studies are needed to further validate our findings.
A scoring system categorizing risk factors to evaluate the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunt in pediatric patients after brain tumor resection
Authors: Guo Zhong-Yin , Zhong Zi-An , Peng Peng , Liu Yang , Chen Feng 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesTo develop a scoring system based on independent predictors of the need for ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt after brain tumor resection in pediatric patients.MethodsA total of 416 pediatric patients (≤ 14 years old) with brain tumors who underwent surgery were randomly assigned to the training (n = 333) and validation cohorts (n = 83). Based on the implementation of VP shunt, the training cohort was divided into the VP shunt group (n = 35) and the non-VP shunt group (n = 298). Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were performed. A scoring system was developed based on clinical characteristics and operative data, and scores and corresponding risks were calculated.ResultsAge &lt; 3 (p = 0.010, odds ratio [OR] = 3.162), blood loss (BL) (p = 0.005, OR = 1.300), midline tumor location (p &lt; 0.001, OR = 5.750), preoperative hydrocephalus (p = 0.001, OR = 7.044), and total resection (p = 0.025, OR = 0.284) were identified as independent predictors. The area under the curve (AUC) of the scoring system was higher than those of age &lt; 3, BL, midline tumor location, preoperative hydrocephalus, and total resection (0.859 vs. 0.598, 0.717, 0.725, 0.705, and 0.555, respectively; p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, the scoring system showed good performance in the validation cohort (AUC = 0.971). The cutoff value for predictive scores was 5.5 points, which categorized patients into low risk (0-5 points) and high risk (6-14 points) groups.ConclusionsOur scoring system, integrating age &lt; 3, BL, midline tumor location, preoperative hydrocephalus, and total resection, provides a practical evaluation. Scores ranging from 6 to 14 points indicate high risk.
Applied high-intensity interval cardio yoga improves cardiometabolic fitness, energetic contributions, and metabolic flexibility in healthy adults
Authors: Park So-Young , Yang Woo-Hwi 
Published: October 2023

Purpose: Currently, there is no interventional approach to increase the intensity of Surya Namaskar a popular hatha yoga sequence used worldwide. Therefore, this study investigated how tempo-based high-intensity interval cardio yoga (HIICY) and traditional interval hatha yoga (TIHY) affects cardiometabolic fitness in active adults.Methods: Twenty physically active male and female individuals were randomly separated into HIICY (5 males, 5 females, 1.5 s tempo) and TIHY (5 males, 5 females, 3 s tempo) groups. The intervention included twelve exercise sessions for 4 weeks in both groups. Participants conducted a ramp test to determine their maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max), maximal velocity at V˙O2max (vV˙O2max), and maximal heart rate (HRmax). Afterward, they performed a 10-min high-intensity cardio yoga test (HICYT) to determine heart rate (HRpeak and HRmean), oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak and V˙O2mean), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), blood lactate concentrations (La−peak and ∆La−), fat and carbohydrate oxidations (FATox, CHOox), and energetic contributions (oxidative; WOxi, glycolytic; WGly, and phosphagen; WPCr, total energy demand; WTotal).Results:V˙O2max and vV˙O2max showed time and group × time interactions (p &lt; 0.01, p &lt; 0.0001, p &lt; 0.001, respectively). V˙O2max after HIICY was significantly higher than in pre-testing and following TIHY (p &lt; 0.001, p &lt; 0.0001, respectively). V˙O2peak, V˙O2mean, RER, HRpeak, and HRmean during the 10-min HICYT showed significant time effects (p &lt; 0.05). ∆La− indicated a group × time interaction (p &lt; 0.05). Group x time interaction effects for FATox at the fourth and sixth minute were observed (p &lt; 0.05, respectively). Absolute (kJ) and relative (%) WOxi, WGly, and WTotal showed time and group × time interaction effects (p &lt; 0.05, p &lt; 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, %WGly was reduced following HIICY (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, V˙O2max and vV˙O2max were highly correlated with WOxi in kJ (r = 0.91, 0.80, respectively). Moderate to high correlations were observed among CHOox, FATox, and absolute V˙O2max (r = 0.76, 0.62, respectively).Conclusion: A 4-week period of HIICY improved cardiometabolic fitness, oxidative capacity, and metabolic flexibility compared with TIHY, in physically active adults. Therefore, HIICY is suitable as HY-specific HIIT and time-efficient approach for relatively healthy individuals.
Mentalizing in individuals with state and trait risk for psychosis: a systematic review
Authors: De Salve Francesca , Rossi Chiara , Oasi Osmano 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundMentalization is an umbrella concept defined as the ability to interpret one’s and others’ mental states. Previous studies have hypothesized that mentalization may be a crucial resilience factor that significantly moderates the likelihood of developing psychotic disorders in individuals with both state and trait risk factors for the illness.PurposeThe study reviews the role of mentalizing abilities (e.g., reflective functioning, Theory of Mind (ToM), and metacognition) in young adults with At-Risk Mental States (ARMS) and schizotypal traits. Specifically, the objective is to include articles that (a) evaluate the links between low mentalizing and both state (ARMS/CHR) and trait (schizotypy) risk for psychosis (b) compare the differences in mentalizing abilities between individuals with ARMS, schizotypy, full-blown psychosis, and healthy controls.MethodElectronic databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were used to search for articles, while Rayyan was employed to facilitate the screening and selection of studies. Eligible studies are original English-language; peer-reviewed research articles on populations that met validated risk diagnostic criteria for psychosis, ARMS, and healthy controls; empirical studies evaluating the association or differences between psychotic risk and mentalizing abilities. Non-English language studies, the ones not considering state or trait risk for psychosis, and qualitative studies were excluded. After the application of the PRISMA checklist and the inclusion and exclusion criteria previously mentioned, 10 articles were extracted. The systematic review has been registered on Prospero (CRD42023397594).ResultsLow levels of reflective functioning and metacognition may predict a transition to psychosis. In addition, reflective functioning and metacognitive impairments are associated with attenuated psychotic symptoms in both state risk groups and in non-clinical individuals with schizotypal traits. Concerning ToM tasks, mixed results emerged.ConclusionThe results obtained from the review suggest that the application of strategies to attenuate maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and low mentalization may be equally effective in improving psychotic symptoms. The assessment of mentalization and metacognition could potentially provide additional prognostic value over factors predisposing to psychosis. Good mentalization and metacognition functioning should be considered as protective factors able to minimize the transition to psychosis.
Instrument shank-assisted ovariohysterectomy: a randomized clinical trial of surgical and pain alleviation efficiency of a single-person modified technique
Authors: Ziaei Darounkolaei Navid , Mousavi Kiasary Seyed Mohamad Sadegh , Behzadi Amirhoushang , Nabavi Mosavi Niki , Ferdowsi Shima Mahmoodi 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesTo evaluate a modified ovariohysterectomy (OHE) technique performed by a single person and compare it with the conventional method based on time efficiency, trauma, and postoperative pain.MethodsIn a prospective, randomized, experimental study, 18 healthy, large, deep-chested, mixed-breed intact female dogs were randomly allocated to conventional (n = 9) and instrument shank-assisted (n = 9) groups. On the basis of video recordings, the various surgical step durations were analyzed: total surgery time (TST), pedicle intervention time (PIT), suspensory release time (SRT), shanking time (ShT), clamping time (ClpT), ligating time (LigT), and closure time (CT). The Glasgow composite pain scale short-form (GCMPS-SF), university of Melbourne pain scale (UMPS), and Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) were used to measure pain. C-reactive protein (CRP) fluctuation was also investigated. These evaluations were completed before and 6, 24, 48, and 72 h postoperatively.ResultsInstrument shank-assisted OHE was less time-consuming than conventional OHE (p= 0.005), improved PIT by 30.7% (6.44 min for both pedicles,p= 0.014), and correlated strongly with TST (ρ= 0.862,p= 0.003 and ρ = 0.955,p= 0.000, respectively). The two method’s surgical step durations were also TST = 47.40 ± 9.9 vs. 34.70 ± 6.7 min, PIT = 20.96 ± 5.78 vs. 14.52 ± 3.73 min, SRT = 78.97 ± 69.10 vs. ShT = 20.39 ± 8.18 s (p= 0.035), ClpT = 50.66 ± 45.04 vs. 63.55 ± 37.15 s (p= 0.662), LigT = 12.82 ± 3.37 vs. 8.02 ± 3.11 min (p= 0.005), and CT = 16.40 ± 4.5 vs. 11.60 ± 2.5 min (p= 0.013), respectively. While both techniques inflicted pain on the animals, the novel approach resulted in a reduction of pain at T6 (GCMPS-SF,p= 0.015 and VAS,p= 0.002), T24 (UMPS,p= 0.003), and T48 (GCMPS-SF,p= 0.015 and UMPS,p= 0.050). Both methods exhibited a peak in CRP level after 24 h, which subsequently returned to baseline after 48 h. However, the shank-assisted method demonstrated a significantly lower reduction in CRP level at the 48-h compared to the other group (p = 0.032).ConclusionInstrument shank-assisted technique permitted ovarian removal without an assistant, less damage to animals and reducing its time when compared to a conventional technique, and resulting in an alternative that causes less surgical stress and fatigue. Further research with a larger population size is required to determine the serum CRP levels as an alternative pain biomarker.
First Detection of Theileria sinensis-like and Anaplasma capra in Ixodes kashmiricus: With Notes on cox1-Based Phylogenetic Position and New Locality Records
Authors: Numan Muhammad , Alouffi Abdulaziz , Almutairi Mashal M. , Tanaka Tetsuya , Ahmed Haroon , Akbar Haroon , Rashid Muhammad Imran , Tsai Kun-Hsien , Ali Abid 
Published: October 2023

Ixodes ticks transmit Theileria and Anaplasma species to a wide range of animals. The spreading of ticks and tick-borne pathogens has been attributed to transhumant herds, and research on these uninvestigated issues has been neglected in many countries, including Pakistan. Recently, we used internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 16S ribosomal DNA partial sequences to genetically characterize Ixodes kashmiricus ticks and their associated Rickettsia spp. However, the data on its cox1 sequence and associated Theileria spp. and Anaplasma spp. are missing. This study aimed to genetically characterize I. kashmiricus based on the cox1 sequence and their associated Theileria spp. and Anaplasma spp. The I. kashmiricus ticks were collected from small ruminants: sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus) of transhumant herds in district Shangla, Dir Upper and Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Out of 129 examined hosts, 94 (72.87%) (56 sheep and 38 goats) were infested by 352 ticks, including adult females (175; 49.7%) followed by nymphs (115; 32.7%) and males (62; 17.6%). For molecular analyses, 121 ticks were subjected to DNA isolation and PCR for the amplification of the cox1 sequence for I. kashmiricus, 18S rDNA for Theileria spp. and 16S rDNA sequences for Anaplasma spp. The obtained cox1 sequence showed 89.29%, 88.78%, and 88.71% identity with Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes gibbosus, and Ixodes apronophorus, respectively. Phylogenetically, the present cox1 sequence clustered with the Ixodes ricinus complex. Additionally, the 18S rDNA sequence showed 98.11% maximum identity with Theileria cf. sinensis and 97.99% identity with Theileria sinensis. Phylogenetically, Theileria spp. clustered with the T. cf. sinensis and T. sinensis. In the case of Anaplasma spp., the 16S rDNA sequence showed 100% identity with Anaplasma capra and phylogenetically clustered with the A. capra. PCR-based DNA detection targeting the amplification of groEL and flaB sequences of Coxiella spp. and Borrelia spp., respectively, was unsuccessful. This is the first phylogenetic report based on cox1 and new locality records of I. kashmiricus, and the associated T. sinensis-like and A. capra. Significant tick surveillance studies are needed in order to determine the epidemiology of Ixodes ticks and their associated pathogens.
Climate Adaptation and Drift Shape the Genomes of Two Eel-Goby Sister Species Endemic to Contrasting Latitude
Authors: Lü Zhenming , Liu Tianwei , Liu Yantao , Wang Yuzhen , Liu Jing , Liu Bingjian , Gong Li , Liu Liqin 
Published: October 2023

Deciphering the role of climate adaptation in generating genetic divergence and hence speciation is a central question in evolution. Comparisons of genomes of closely related species spanning selective climate gradients are particularly informative in discerning the signatures of selection and thereby providing valuable information concerning the role of climate adaptation in speciation. Here we re-sequenced 99 genomes of the two sister eel-goby species Odontamblyopus lacepedii and O. rebecca, which are endemic to tidal mudflats spanning contrasting latitude gradients, to estimate the influence of divergent climate selection on shaping genome-wide patterns of divergence. The results indicated that genome-wide differentiation between the two species was evident (genome-wide FST = 0.313). Against a background of high baseline genomic divergence, 588 and 1202 elevated divergent loci were detected to be widespread throughout their genomes, as opposed to focused within small islands of genomic regions. These patterns of divergence may arise from divergent climate selection in addition to genetic drift acting through past glacial segregation (1.46 million years ago). We identified several candidate genes that exhibited elevated divergence between the two species, including genes associated with substance metabolism, energy production, and response to environmental cues, all putative candidates closely linked to thermal adaptation expected from the latitude gradient. Interestingly, several candidates related to gamete recognition and time of puberty, and also exhibited elevated divergence, indicating their possible role in pre-zygote isolation and speciation of the two species. Our results would expand our knowledge on the roles of latitude climate adaptation and genetic drift in generating and maintaining biodiversity in marine teleosts.
A note on the quadratic convergence of the inexact Newton methods
Authors: Cătinaş Emil 
Published: October 2023

We show that a new sufficient condition for the convergence with \(q\)-order two of the inexact Newton iterates may be obtained by considering the normwise backward error of the approximate steps and a result on perturbed Newton methods.This condition is in fact equivalent to the characterization given by Dembo, Eisenstat and Steihaug.
Degree of simultaneous approximation by Birkhoff splines
Authors: Gonska Heiner , Kacsó Daniela 
Published: October 2023

In the present note we study the degree of simultaneous approximation by certain Birkhoff spline interpolation operators. Special emphasis is on estimates in terms of higher order moduli of smoothness. This generalizes earlier results of Meir and Sharma, Demko, Howell and Varma, and Buckett and Varma.
Chebyshev's Problem
Authors: Steffens Karl-Georg 
Published: October 2023

The Chebyshev approximation problem is usually described as to find the polynomial (or the element of an Haar subspace) which uniformly best approximates a given continuous function. Most of the theoretical results forming the basis of this theory have not been explored by members of the St Petersburg Mathematical School, founded by P. L. Chebyshev himself.
The present article briefly wants to explain why. We show that the interests of Chebyshev and his most narrow pupil, A. A. Markov sr. focussed on a more algebraic problem, solved only in 1960s by Meyman and required techniques far away from what mathematicians were able to deal with at that time.
On a third order iterative method for solving polynomial operator equations
Authors: Cătinaş Emil , Păvăloiu Ion 
Published: October 2023

We present a semilocal convergence result for a Newton-type method applied to a polynomial operator equation of degree \(2\). The method consists in fact in evaluating the Jacobian at every two steps, and it has the \(r\)-convergence order at least \(3\). We apply the method in order to approximate the eigenpairs of matrices. We perform some numerical examples on some test matrices and compare the method with the Chebyshev method. The norming function we have proposed in a previous paper shows a better convergence of the iterates than the classical norming function for both the methods.
Approximation theory in combinatorial optimization. Application to the generalized minimum spanning tree problem
Authors: Pop Petrică C. , Still G. , Kern W. 
Published: October 2023

We present an overview of the approximation theory in
combinatorial optimization. As an application we consider the
Generalized Minimum Spanning Tree (GMST) problem which is defined on an undirected complete graph with the nodes partitioned into
clusters and non-negative costs are associated to the edges. This
problem is NP-hard and it is known that a
polynomial approximation algorithm cannot exist. We present an
in-approximability result for the GMST problem and under special
assumptions: cost function satisfying the triangle inequality and
with cluster sizes bounded by \(\rho\), we give an approximation
algorithm with ratio \(2 \rho\).
Remarks on interpolation in certain linear spaces (III)
Authors: Diaconu Adrian 
Published: October 2023

In this paper we study a way of extending the model of interpolating the real functions, with simple nodes, to the case of the functions defined between linear spaces, especially between linear normed spaces. In order to keep as many characteristics as possible from the case of the interpolation of real functions, in this paper we present a model of construction of the abstract interpolation polynomials, based on the properties of multilinear mappings. In this case we will define the divided differences and establish interpolation formulas with the rest expressed as a divided difference. We give the example of the type of interpolation polynomial built for non-linear mappings between spaces of functions defined on a certain interval.
Remarks on interpolation in certain linear spaces (IV)
Authors: Diaconu Adrian 
Published: October 2023

In the papers [5], [6], [7] we shall study a way of extending the model of interpolating the real functions, with simple nodes, to the case of the functions defined between linear spaces, especially between linear normed spaces. In order to keep as many characteristics as possible from the case of the interpolation of real functions, in this paper we present a model of construction of the abstract interpolation polynomials and the divided differences based on the properties of multilinear mappings. The aim of the present paper is the study of the conduct of the abstract interpolation polynomial, in the case when the function for interpolation is a abstract polynomial. In the last part we will construct the abstract interpolation polynomial and the divided differences, in the case in which the spaces \(X\) and \(Y\) have finite dimensions.
L’effet de différents types de substrats à base de compost et fumier sur la croissance des plants du cèdre de l’Atlas (Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Manetti ex Carrière) et du chêne vert (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp.)
Authors: Abdedelhamid Guedira , Satrani Badr , El Antry Salwa , Dahmani Jamila , Serrar Mohamed 
Published: October 2023

Reforestation is one of the main axes led by Water and Forests Moroccan Department. The objective of our study is to improve the growing medium, which has a direct effect on the quality of forest plants. The compost-based substrate in organic matter can be an alternative to potting soil. Two series of composts were studied, the first series with goat manure at 5%, and the second without manure. Each series consists of four types of composted forest residual materials : cedar cone residue ; leaves and twigs of Acacia mollissima ; leaves and twigs of holm oak and needles and twigs of Aleppo pine. They were tested on two forest species the cedar Cedrus atlantica
and the oak Quercus ilex subsp. ballota. The physico-chemical analyzes of the various substrates clearly show differences in organic matter and mineral salts compared to the potting soil. The best substitutes for forest soil are compost substrates made from Acacia mollissima ; oak and Alep pine.