bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of use of tiletamine/zolazepam for anesthesia of bullfrogs and leopard frogs
Authors: Letcher James , Durante Ronald 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Use of tiletamine hydrochloride and zolazepam hydrochloride (1:1 fixed ratio combination) as an anesthetic agent in 2 anuran species was studied. A dosage of 5 mg/kg of body weight, administered
im, resulted in variable weak tranquilization. Intramuscular administration at dosages of 10 and 20 mg/kg induced variable states of tranquilization or anesthesia in leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) and bullfrogs (R catesbeiana). The dosages of 50 mg/kg induced anesthesia with greater consistency than lower dosages in bullfrogs, but resulted in mortalities. The same dosage was uniformly fatal in leopard frogs. Neither gross nor histologic lesions were identified in the frogs that died.
Depth and duration of anesthesia was dosage related. At the 20 and 50 mg/kg dosages, leopard frogs attained a greater depth of anesthesia and remained anesthetized for a significantly greater duration than did bullfrogs; however, at the 5 and 10 mg/kg dosages, bullfrogs developed greater tranquilization for longer periods than did leopard frogs. Results of this study revealed profound intraspecies variation in depth and duration of effect of tiletamine/zolazepam; therefore, the drug does not appear to be a suitable injectable anesthetic in anurans.
Diet and exercise patterns in pet dogs
Authors: Slater Margaret R. , Robinson Laura E. , Zoran Debra L. , Wallace Kathleen A. , Scarlett Janet M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A study was conducted to provide baseline data on pet dog diet and exercise patterns. In addition, the repeatability of a telephone questionnaire to determine these patterns was evaluated. Dogs seen at the Texas Veterinary Medical Center that, were less than 3 years old and of medium, large, or giant purebreeds or mixed-breeds were included. Information was collated about background variables, brands, quantities, and types of foods fed, and types and frequency of exercise. Daily intake of metabolizabk energy, calcium, fat, and protein were calculated from the diet. Sixty-nine dog owners completed the study. Most dogs were kept as pels in an urban/suburban environment Most were also fed diy food. About 60% were fed dog biscuits or some other dog snack or treat, and about half of the dogs in the study were Jed twice daily. Meat scraps and bones were the table foods most commonly fed. Most owners considered their dogs to be moderately or very active. Greater than 70% of the dogs were confined to a fenced yard. About 65% of the owners took their dogs for walks, forty percent of dogs in the study exercised with other dogs daily. More than half of the owners reported playing retrieving games with their dogs, including playing with a flying disk. The questionnaire was shown to be repeatable.
Chronic bicipital tenosynovitis in dogs: 29 cases (1985-1992)
Authors: Stobie Daniel , Wallace Larry J. , Lipowitz Alan J. , King Vickie , Lund Elizabeth M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 23 dogs with unilateral and 3 dogs with bilateral chronic bicipital tenosynovitis were reviewed. Mean age of affected dogs was 4.6 years (SD, 2.0 years), and mean body weight was 32.6 kg (SD, 14.5 kg). Neither a breed nor a gender predilection was detected. All dogs had a history of intermittent or progressive weight-bearing lameness that became worse after exercise. Mean duration of lameness prior to medical or surgical treatment was 6.5 months (range, 0.25 to 24 months), in all dogs, signs of pain were evident during palpation of the biceps tendon within the intertubercular groove. Radiography revealed sclerosis or osteophytosis of the intertubercular groove in all 29 shoulder joints. Mild degenerative joint disease was evident rudiographicully in 17. Arthrography was performed in 12 joints, and in 11 there were irregularities of or filling defects along the biceps tendon. Arthrocentesis was performed on 17 joints; 14 synovial fluid samples had cytologic abnormalities consistent with degenerative joint disease.
Medical treatment, consisting of injection of methylprcdnisolone acetate into the biceps tendon and its synovial sheath, was attempted in 21 of the 29 affected shoulder joints. Surgery, which consisted of tenodesis of the biceps tendon, was attempted in 14 joints; S of these had not been treated medically; the remaining 6 had poor results following medical treatment.
Gross and histologic findings consistent with chrome bicipital tenosynovitis were observed in all 14 joints in which surgery was performed. Seventeen of the medically treated shoulders were available for clinical evaluation, and results were excellent or good in 7. Twelve of the surgically treated shoulders were available for clinical re-evaluation, and results were excellent or good in all 12 (mean duration of follow-up, 5.7 months; range, 2 to 13 months). Owners of all dogs were contacted by telephone. Owners reported that results were excellent or good in 1.0 of the 21 medically treated shoulder joints, and in ail 14 of the, surgically treated shoulder joints (mean duration of follow-up, 30.1 months; range, 4 to 82 months).
Complications developed in 3 of the 4 dogs in which an osteotomy of the greater tubercle had been performed (implant migration, 2 dogs; delayed union, 1 dog). A seroma developed in 1 of the 10 dogs in which tenodesis was performed by laterally transposing the biceps tendon through a hole in the greater tubercle. Complications related to medical treatment were not detected.
Yersinia pestis infection in three dogs
Authors: Orloski Kathleen A. , Eidson Millicent 
Published: December 2023

Infection with the gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis is a serious disease in cats, rodents, rabbits, and people.
In dogs, clinical signs of Y pestis infection are rare and have not been well documented. When clinical signs occur, they may be nonspecific, such as fever and lethargy, or may include lesions of the oral cavity or lymph nodes. Infection with Y pestis may be difficult to distinguish from other infectious diseases.
In endemic regions, Y pestis infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis when examining dogs with nonspecific fever and lethargy.
Uterine torsion associated with small intestinal incarceration in a mare at 126 days of gestation
Authors: Ruffin D. C. , Schumacher J. , Comer J. S. 
Published: December 2023

Uterine torsion in pregnant mares generally occurs during the later stages of gestation.
Uterine torsion causes signs of abdominal pain that may be mistaken for gastrointestinal tract obstruction; however, gastrointestinal tract obstruction, such as small intestinal incarceration or large colon torsion, can occur in conjunction with uterine torsion.
Correction of torsion of the uterus may involve a rolling technique, flank laparotomy, or ventral midline celiotomy.
Treatment of cats with ocular disease attributable to herpesvirus infection: 17 cases (1983–1993)
Authors: Stiles Jean 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 17 cats with ocular disease attributable to herpesvirus infection were reviewed. Herpesvirus infection was confirmed by a positive result on an immunofluorescent antibody test or by detection of dendritic corneal ulcers. Cats were 3 months to 23 years old (mean, 4.8 years). Sex or breed predilections were not evident. Vaccination history was available for 13 cats, 9 of which had been adequately vaccinated against feline viral rhinotracheitis, calici, and panleukopenia viruses. Six cats had a history of respiratory tract disease. Twelve cats were tested for FeLV, and 3 had positive results; 7 cats were tested for feline immunodeficiency virus, with 1 positive result. The most common ocular abnormality seen was conjunctivitis (13/17 cats), followed by dendritic corneal ulcers (10/17 cats). Keratitis was detected in 6 of 17 cats, and nondendritic corneal ulcers in 3 of 17 cats. Corneal sequestra were evident on initial examination or developed during the follow-up period in 4 of 17 cats. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca was diagnosed in 2 of 17 cats, and anterior uveitis was evident in 1 of 17 cats. All cats had 2 or more clinical ocular abnormalities associated with herpesvirus infection. Treatment with topically applied antiviral medications was instituted in 14 cats, including idoxuridine in 7, vidarabine in 4, and trifluridine in 3. Antibiotics were used topically in 10 cats, and atropine was used in 3 cats. Topical administration of corticosteroids was used in 2 cats. Recombinant human α-interferon was given orally to 3 cats in conjunction with topical administration of antiviral agents. In addition to medical treatment, 4 cats were treated surgically. The 17 cats were reexamined 1 to 9 times (mean, 3 reexaminations). Follow-up monitoring (reexamination) was performed between 1 week and 3 years after initial treatment. Ocular disease resolved in 3 of 17 cats, 8 had clinical improvement, and 6 did not have improvement or became worse. A specific antiviral treatment regimen that was clinically superior to other treatments could not be identified.
Fracture of the distal sesamoid bone in horses: 17 cases (1982-1992)
Authors: Lillich J. D. , Ruggles A. J. , Gabel A. A. , Bramlage L. R. , Schneider R. K. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 17 horses in which a distal sesamoid bone fracture was diagnosed between 1982 and 1992 were reviewed. There were 8 Standardbreds, 6 Quarter Horses, 2 Thoroughbreds, and 1 Arabian. Mean age was 4.7 years. A forelimb was affected in 15 horses, and a hind limb was affected in 2. All horses were lame, and most were grade III/V lame at the trot. In all horses, the diagnosis was confirmed by means of radiography. Five horses were treated with stall rest alone; 5 underwent neurectomy; 4 were treated with stall rest and corrective shoeing; and 1 was treated with stall rest and external coaptation. The other 2 horses were euthanatized. Two Quarter Horses, 1 treated with stall rest and corrective shoeing and the other treated with stall rest and external coaptation, returned to use as halter horses, and 2 Standardbreds treated with stall rest alone returned to racing, but at a lower level than they had raced prior to injury. One horse that underwent neurectomy could be used for pleasure riding. Long-term rest may be important in achieving a successful outcome. Pleasure horses would appear to have a better prognosis for return to use after a distal sesamoid bone fracture than do performance horses.
Long-term renal and hematologic effects of uninephrectomy in healthy feline kidney donors
Authors: Lirtzman Ross A. , Gregory Clare R. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
To assess long-term hematologic and renal effects associated with a solitary kidney, 16 healthy cats undergoing uninephrectomy for kidney donation between May 1987 and January 1991 were evaluated by use of physical examination, CBC, serum biochemical analysis, urinalysis, and urine protein:creatinine ratio. Results of preoperative CBC, serum biochemical analysis, and urinalysis were within reference limits in all donors. Median age at surgery and at follow-up evaluation was 34 and 72 months, respectively. Mean (± SEM) interval between follow-up and uninephrectomy was 39.3 ± 14.6 months.
Postuninephrectomy hematocrit and RBC indices were within reference limits in 15 donors. One cat with chronic renal insufficiency had normocytic, normochromic, nonregenerative anemia. In 15 clinically normal donor cats, mean (± SEM) serum creatinine concentrations pre- and postuninephrectomy were 1.36 ± 0.20 and 1.71 ± 0.33 mg/ dl, respectively (P = 0.0002); however, the clinical relevance of this statistical difference in serum creatinine is uncertain, because all values were within reference limits. In addition, urine-concentrating ability was maintained in 14 donors, with urine specific gravity > 1.040. Two donors, including the cat with chronic renal insufficiency, produced dilute urine (specific gravity < 1.020) and had substantial proteinuria, with urine protein:creatinine ratios of 2.16 and 3.62, respectively. Mean urine protein:creatinine ratio in donor cats was not significantly different from that in an age- and sex-matched comparison group.
Renal and erythropoetic function was clinically preserved in the group of donor cats within 2 to 5 years after uninephrectomy. Findings from this study were supportive of the use of living donors for renal allograft transplantation in cats.
Comparison of coagulation test results for blood samples obtained by means of direct venipuncture and through a jugular vein catheter in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Millis D. L. , Hawkins E. , Jager Μ. , Boyle C. R. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine whether coagulation test results for blood samples obtained from heparinized jugular vein catheters in dogs are accurate.

Design—
Prospective, controlled study.

Animals—
Fourteen clinically normal dogs.

Procedure—
Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, concentration of fibrin degradation products, and fibrinogen concentration were measured in blood samples obtained by means of direct jugular venipuncture and through an indwelling jugular vein catheter 0, 2, 8, 24, and 48 hours after catheter placement. Blood samples were collected from the catheter by means of a 2-syringe technique, which involved discarding the first volume of blood collected.

Results—
For all sample times, mean values for samples obtained from the jugular vein catheter were not significantly different from mean values for samples obtained by means of venipuncture.

Clinical Implications—
Blood samples for coagulation tests may be obtained from jugular vein catheters up to 48 hours after catheter placement in clinically normal dogs.
Use of epidemiologic principles to identify risk factors associated with the development of diarrhea in calves in five beef herds
Authors: Clement J. C. , King Μ. E. , Salman Μ. D. , Wittum T. E. , Casper H. H. , Odde K. G. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The objective of the study reported here was to identify and measure risk factors associated with the incidence of diarrhea in calves in 5 beef herds in North Dakota. Risk factors associated with calves developing diarrhea during the 1992 calving season were used to develop the following intervention strategies that were implemented during 1993: heifers calved in a separate location, diarrheal calves and their dams were placed in a quarantine area, and pregnant cattle were fed a diet supplemented with protein and copper. The risk of calves developing diarrhea was 5 times higher during the first year, compared with the second year, suggesting that the management changes made during the second year were contributing factors in reducing the percentage of calves with diarrhea. The risk of diarrhea developing in calves born to heifers was 3.9 times greater than that in calves born to cows. Analysis of our data indicated that the use of an epidemiologic approach can identify risk factors, which can lead to the development of intervention procedures that may decrease the incidence of diarrhea in calves in beef herds.
Double-plate fixation of comminuted fractures of the second phalanx in horses: 10 cases (1985-1993)
Authors: Crabill Mark R. , Watkins Jeffrey P. , Schneider Robert K. , Auer Jorg A. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine the technique used, and the outcome for, double-plate fixation of comminuted fractures of the second phalanx of horses

Design—
Retrospective analysis of medical records.

Animals—
l0 horses with comminuted fractures of the second phalanx that were treated by use of double-plate fixation.

Procedure—
Two 4- to 6-hole dynamic compression plates were abaxially placed to achieve arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint and fixation of the fracture of the second phalanx.

Results—
Arthrodesis and fracture healing were detected in all horses.

Clinical Implications—
Horses with comminuted fractures of the second phalanx that are treated with double-plate fixation have an excellent prognosis for survival and use as broodstock, and have an increased potential for return to useful function.
Use of orally administered succimer (meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid) for treatment of lead poisoning in dogs
Authors: Ramsey David T. , Casteel Stan W. , Faggella Alicia M. , Chastain Claude B. , Nunn Josh W. , Schaeffer David J. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine whether succimer (meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid) would be effective in reducing blood lead concentration in dogs with naturally acquired lead poisoning and whether treated dogs would develop clinically important adverse effects.

Design—
Prospective case series.

Animals—
13 dogs with moderate-to-high blood lead concentrations (39 to 120 μg/dl) and clinical signs of lead poisoning.

Procedure—
Dogs were treated with succimer (10 mg/ kg of body weight, PO, q 8 h) for 10 days. Blood and urine samples were analyzed for lead concentration before, during, and after treatment with succimer.

Results—
Mean blood lead concentrations on days 0, 3, 7, and 20 were 70.6, 32.7, 16.8, and 27.6 μg/dl, respectively. Mean blood lead concentrations decreased 53.6, 76.2, and 60.9% from pretreatment value on days 3, 7, and 20, respectively. Mean urine lead concentrations on days 0, 3, 7, and 20 were 70.0, 485.4, 254.3, and 28.3 μg/dl, respectively.

Clinical Implications—
In dogs with naturally acquired lead poisoning, succimer administered orally for 10 days effectively reduced blood lead concentrations and eliminated clinical signs of lead poisoning. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:371-375)
Evaluation of an agar gel immunodiffusion test kit for detection of antibodies to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in sheep
Authors: Dubash Kerman , Shulaw William P. , Bech-Nielsen Steen , Stills Harold F. , Slemons Richard D. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine whether a commercially available agar gel immunodiffusion test approved for detecting antibodies to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in cattle could be used for sheep.

Design—
Experimental trial.

Sample Population—
Serum samples from 27 sheep confirmed to have paratuberculosis by means of acid-fast staining of smears of ileal mucosa, histologic examination of tissues, or bacteriologic culture; 7 sheep with clinical signs of paratuberculosis; and 55 sheep from 5 uninfected flocks.

Procedure—
Serum samples were tested concurrently with the commercially available test and with a previously validated agar gel immunodiffusion test. Multiple samples collected from 13 infected sheep over a period of 6 years were also tested so that each test's ability to detect onset of seropositivity could be compared.

Results—
For both tests, results for samples from all 55 uninfected sheep were negative, results for samples from 32 of the 34 sheep with paratuberculosis were positive, and results for the remaining 2 sheep with paratuberculosis were negative. Results of both tests were in agreement for 50 of 54 samples obtained from 13 infected sheep over time. The 4 samples for which results of the 2 tests disagreed were the fourth, eighth, and ninth of 10 samples from 1 sheep and the first of 6 samples from a second sheep. For all 4 samples, the commercially available assay yielded a weak-positive result, but the previously described test yielded a negative result.

Clinical Implications—
The commercially available agar gel immunodiffusion test approved for use in cattle may be useful in the differential diagnosis of paratuberculosis in sheep. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:401-403)
Risk factors associated with parvovirus enteritis in dogs: 283 cases (1982–1991)
Authors: Houston Doreen M. , Ribble Carl S. , Head Laurie L. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine breed, sex, and seasonal predisposition for development of canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis in dogs.

Design
Retrospective case-control study.

Sample Population
Medical records from 283 dogs with confirmed CPV enteritis and from 834 age-matched control dogs that were healthy or had been admitted with nonenteric illness.

Procedure
Effects of season, breed, sex, and neutering on the risk of developing CPV enteritis were examined by calculation of unadjusted odds ratios and performance of multivariate analysis. Stratified and contingency table analyses were performed to identify interactions and confounding among variables.

Results
Rottweilers, American Pit Bull Terriers, Doberman Pinschers, and German Shepherd Dogs were at increased risk and Toy Poodles and Cocker Spaniels were at decreased risk for developing CPV enteritis, compared with that for mixed-breed dogs. For dogs more than 6 months old, sexually intact males were twice as likely as intact females to develop CPV enteritis. Dogs were 3 times more likely to be admitted with CPV enteritis in July, August, and September, compared with the rest of the year. Dogs were 12.7 times more likely to be admitted with CPV enteritis if they had not been currently vaccinated.

Clinical Implications
Lack of vaccination is a significant risk factor for development of CPV enteritis. Seasonal, sex, and breed predispositions for the development of CPV enteritis also exist. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:542–546)
Behavioral changes associated with suspected complex partial seizures in Bull Terriers
Authors: Dodman Nicholas Howard , Knowles Kim Ellen , Shuster Louis , Moon-Fanelli Alice Ann , Tidwell Amy Sue , Keen Carl L. 
Published: December 2023

Objectives
To identify and treat a range of abnormal behavior, including tail chasing, unprovoked aggression, and extreme irrational fear, in Bull Terriers and to correlate the behavioral signs with electroencephalogram (EEG) or anatomic evidence of abnormal brain geometry or deafness.

Design
Prospective clinical study.

Animals
8 affected and 5 unaffected (control) Bull Terriers.

Procedure
All dogs were examined neurologically, including use of EEG, brainstem auditory-evoked response, and computed tomography or postmortem examination of the brain. In addition, plasma concentrations of zinc, copper, and iron, and the activity of zinc- and copper-dependent enzymes (alkaline phosphatase and ceruplasmin oxidase) were measured in affected and control dogs.

Results
An abnormal EEG was found in 7 of 7 affected dogs and in none of the control dogs subjected to this examination. Seven of 8 affected dogs and 2 of 3 controls had various degrees of hydrocephalus. Metal ion and enzyme concentrations were not different between affected and control dogs. Treatment with phénobarbital was effective in 5 of 7 dogs.

Clinical Implications
Bull Terriers with compulsive tail chasing and extreme affective disorders should be regarded as neurologically disturbed, with partial seizures perhaps underlying their behavior. Treatment with anticonvulsants is a logical first step in treatment. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:688–691)