bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skeptical Method in the Discipline, the Dialogues, and the Antinomy
Authors: Anderson Abraham 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 7 supports Löwisch’s proposal that Hume’s Dialogues triggered the composition of the Antinomy. It does so by demonstrating that the characterizations of skeptical method in the Antinomy were adapted from those in the Discipline of Pure Reason, which was written in defense of the Dialogues. It proposes that one reason the Dialogues had such a powerful effect on Kant was that Dialogues 9 supported his reading of Enquiry 12.29 note (d) as an Antinomy. Second, by showing Kant Hume’s Pyrrhonism stripped of the empiricism of the Enquiry, the Dialogues confirmed that Hume’s Pyrrhonism could be mobilized against his empiricism to demonstrate transcendental idealism.
Songs of Pain and Beauty
Authors: Riley Matthew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In English solo art songs composed between 1900 and the end of World War II, intensive diatonicism was a consistent musical response to the contemporary pastoral poetry that was strongly favoured by musicians. Composers such as George Butterworth, Ralph Vaughan Williams, Ivor Gurney, John Ireland, and, especially, Gerald Finzi, forged a tradition of English song around codes that were both textual and musical, encompassing the poets’ words and the available diatonic conventions. Ironically. they drew on the new diatonic pastoral style only occasionally, preferring the processional diatonicism inherited from Parry and Elgar, now adapted for piano accompaniment, along with hymn and chorale-prelude topics. Intensively diatonic art songs turned away from grand public statements to a private realm of tender thoughts and melancholy reflections. That melancholy fed on the paradox of literary themes of transience expressed through the diatonic musical language, which remained identified with eternity.
Tracts for the Times
Authors: Riley Matthew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the mid-1930s. English diatonic music turned outwards to face immediate crises at home and abroad. The next two decades witnessed industrial unrest, abdication, the worsening European political situation, World War II, the fear of nuclear war, and two British coronations. During these years, music could be disseminated widely through BBC broadcasts and the soundtracks of films for cinema. Composers attempted to meet the crises that confronted their civilization with music that was public, visionary, and at times national, aiming to communicate with a wide audience, spread a message, and advocate for causes. To realize their visions in musical terms, they drew on the idiom that they seem to have regarded as their musical correlate: processional diatonicism. This chapter examines compositions in the genres of unison choral hymn, choral cantata, and orchestral march, along with a single ‘abstract’ composition—Vaughan Williams’s Symphony No. 5.
The New Ecstasy
Authors: Riley Matthew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
From the late 1930s to the mid-1950s, two major personal projects in diatonic composition emerged in the work of Herbert Howells and Michael Tippett. Their work was aesthetically and spiritually conceived, intensifying the ecstatic tendencies of English diatonic music. Howells turned to the Anglican liturgical tradition, giving the evening canticles in particular an intimate, personal touch, whereas Tippett’s imagery was pagan. Nevertheless, in both cases their music was informed by the psychology of religious experience, in Tippett’s case guided by his readings in Jungian theory, and in both cases it is lushly sensual at times, with strong feelings of eroticism at moments of glorious relaxation, abundance and unashamed repetition. Both composers remained deeply concerned with ‘song’ in an ideal as well as a literal sense, just as Parry had been in setting the words of Milton’s ‘At a Solemn Musick’.
Cholera
Authors: Deen Jacqueline , Clemens John D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cholera is a potentially fatal diarrheal disease of global importance. Recently, there have been several large cholera outbreaks occurring during complex humanitarian crises in countries with fragile infrastructure. This chapter reviews cholera epidemiology, transmission, burden, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and the available interventions so as to assess whether the implementation of public health efforts against cholera should aim for control, elimination, or eradication. Cholera control can be achieved through improvements in water and sanitation, aided by mass oral cholera vaccination campaigns to provide protective levels of population immunity in high-risk areas. Factors making the sustained elimination of cholera in many countries, let alone worldwide eradication, extremely challenging include intrinsic biologic and epidemiologic characteristics of the disease, inadequate health systems capacity, limitations of current cholera intervention approaches, and the occurrence of natural catastrophes and political and social instability. Cholera-endemic countries should be encouraged to make informed, evidence-based decisions regarding their public health approach to cholera control, which will require government commitment and rational use of available resources.
Cost-Benefit and Cost-Effectiveness Analyses
Authors: Henderson Leigh A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Disease eradication programs present unique challenges to cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses (CBA and CEA). Both costs and the time horizon are indeterminate, affected by both national and international factors. CBA and CEA are critical tools in setting priorities and managing costs among competing public health programs. However, decision-makers include a diverse array of stakeholders who may be unfamiliar with these tools. This chapter provides a brief introduction to CBA/CEA concepts and terminology, highlighting issues affecting validity and comparability. It reviews recent developments in the ongoing poliomyelitis, malaria, dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease), and yaws eradication programs that have the potential to greatly affect their time horizons, costs, and potential benefits. Finally, recent enhancements of CBA/CEA to facilitate comparison of combinations of program options within the constraints of a national health budget are discussed.
The Offering
Authors: Bhidé Amar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines the notion of uncertainty presented by Frank Knight’s Risk, Uncertainty and Profit (1921). It highlights that uncertainty remains regardless of scientific discoveries and technological innovations. The Scientific and Industrial Revolutions made it easier for people to reduce the impact of bad luck, while the innovations in this millennium have continued to increase predictability rapidly. The management of uncertainty imposes costs, since the techniques for describing or making predictions about large groups and agglomerations often rely on standardized procedures and statistical models that ignore contextual and personal differences. The chapter notes the dogmatic reliance on statistics to resolve all kinds of uncertainties.
John Maynard Keynes: Help to Distraction
Authors: Bhidé Amar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explains John Maynard Keynes’s Depression-era thesis on how severe uncertainties can trigger systemic collapses. It cites that the thesis attracted renewed interest after the 2008 global financial crisis, but ultimately hindered modernization proposals. Keynes’s Treatise on Probability clarified the roles of nonnumerical probabilities and evidence. Moreover, Keynes invoked extreme uncertainty to explain systemic macroeconomic collapses, which attracted broader interest. The chapter also looks into the legacy of the Treatise, showing how skepticism about Keynes’s ideas spurred the development of subjective utility maximization that excluded Knightian uncertainty. It also elaborates on the extreme, intractable uncertainty often associated with Keynes.
The World Shuts Down
Authors: Alden Edward , Trautman Laurie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explains why the Covid border closures were such an unexpected shock. Over the past several decades, global mobility—tourists, migrants, students, and cross-border couples—had grown to unprecedented levels. And little over ten years prior, nations in the World Health Organization had agreed they would avoid border closures as a tool to fight pandemics, believing such measures to be costly and ineffective. Yet almost every country in the world resorted to border restrictions. The chapter shows the knock-on effects in the early months of 2020 as countries began to shut down travel, a precautionary measure that was to last far longer than anyone could have anticipated.
No Man Is an Island (But Some Countries Are)
Authors: Alden Edward , Trautman Laurie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
No region of the world used border closures more aggressively for Covid control than the Asia-Pacific. And no region did a better job reducing Covid infections and deaths. When lessons are learned for future pandemics, this region is where experts and politicians will look. But there are two distinct lessons—in some countries, notably South Korea and Taiwan, travel restrictions were combined with vigorous public health interventions, including effective contact tracing. But in others—most notably Japan, Australia, and New Zealand—border restrictions were the primary tool of pandemic control. The consequence was some of the most discriminatory measures in the world. Japan froze out non-citizens, including longtime Japanese residents. Australia also barred non-citizens, briefly prohibited return by its own citizens, and rationed quarantine hotel space to block thousands of others. New Zealand, a darling of international media, was even more restrictive. The region highlights both the role and the enormous risks of using border restrictions to reduce the spread of diseases.
What Are Better Responses to Forced Migration?
Authors: Motomura Hiroshi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 2 analyzes responses to people forced to migrate. Forced migration can be a consequence of persecution, of civil war or other violence, of drought or flooding caused by climate change, or of other conditions. The chapter starts by exploring the refugee protection system that arose in the European context after World War II. The chapter then discusses that system has become foundational and also come under great pressure in the past several decades. Countries of potential refuge and asylum have tried to manage and limit protection through a variety of strategies that include externalizing borders through interdiction, the concept of a safe third-country, and outsourced border control. In spite of these measures, a large number of migrants continue to reach distant countries of potential asylum. The chapter suggests ways to recognize the humanity claims of forced migrants by expanding government responses beyond the current approaches to refugee protection that have become increasingly inadequate.
What’s the Big Picture?
Authors: Motomura Hiroshi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 10 draws on material from previous chapters to identify and answer some bedrock questions. It starts with an inquiry into the injustices that national borders can conceal by creating lawless zones that make subordination or discrimination seem normal and beyond serious examination. Some of injustices reflect disrespect for humanity claims; other injustices reflect disrespect for belonging claims. The chapter next combines lessons from previous chapters to discuss the best ways of making immigration decisions and identifies pitfalls in some decision-making processes that many people take for granted. The chapter then discusses how and when history should matter in the making of immigration policy. It explains the need to make sure that immigration policy draws on directly pertinent history, geography, and economics. At the same time, immigration policy cannot serve well as a site to correct all of society’s injustices, for which the best responses often lie elsewhere.
Moving Beyond Assessment
Authors: Grady Melissa D. , Dombo Eileen A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
If you are someone who is about to complete or have just completed a graduate program in a helping profession such as social work, psychology, counseling, and/or nursing and you have thought “How do I actually do direct/clinical practice with clients?”, then Moving Beyond Assessment: A Practical Guide for Beginning Helping Professionals is for you. The authors help the readers think through how to think about yourself as a clinician, how to plan for interventions, how to think about your own clinical supervision, and cover many other topics related to direct/clinical practice with clients using user-friendly examples and resources that the readers can apply immediately to their own practice. Drawing on their combined 50-plus years of experience teaching graduate students, providing clinical supervision, and offering psychotherapy services to hundreds of clients, the authors walk readers through the often anxiety-filled world of “What’s next?” Readers of this book will walk away with more confidence in their own work as they gain knowledge, skills, resources, and more tools for their professional toolboxes. This book is a must-read for any new professional who is interested in becoming a skilled clinician working directly with clients in a behavioral or mental health setting.
Introduction
Authors: Grady Melissa D. , Dombo Eileen A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 1 introduces the reader to the book. It provides an overview of the purpose of the book, which includes helping the readers think about becoming a helping professional. In addition, this chapter introduces the reader to the authors and provides their background and the context for this book. The readers will learn about their clinical and teaching backgrounds and how they share this knowledge in the book. Finally, this chapter gives an overview of the chapters that are contained with the book and explains how the book is divided into three primary sections to help new professionals to think about critical professional issues, such as identity, how to get started with clients, and issues for ongoing professional development.
What to Know Before You Start
Authors: Grady Melissa D. , Dombo Eileen A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter addresses the social worker who is beginning an internship or starting a new job in the field of social work. The authors address a number of questions, from what to wear to how to introduce yourself to clients and establish a successful working relationship with them. This chapter helps readers to identify some key principles that should be considered before entering into a helping relationship. These include how to present as a professional; working with interdisciplinary teams; different forms of communication; the use of self, including self-awareness and self-disclosure; and preparing the reader for understanding how working in a helping profession impacts the worker themself.
Role of Theory in Social Work Practice
Authors: Grady Melissa D. , Dombo Eileen A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A crucial area of expertise is social work is a knowledge of different explanatory and practice theories that strongly influence the assessment and change processes. Explanatory theories provide practitioners with the ability to help clients (and themselves) frame or understand “the why” behind their feelings, behaviors, and/or current struggles. Change theories provide practitioners with guidance for how to intervene and create an intervention plan that is cohesive and that builds on the explanation of why the client’s problem exists. This chapter helps the new social worker distinguish the terms associated with theories, and it demonstrates through clinical examples how theories can be used to understand and then address the clinical presentations for which clients are seeking help.
Endings
Authors: Grady Melissa D. , Dombo Eileen A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter focuses on how to navigate the challenging ending phase of treatment. to help prepare the practitioner for both planned and unplanned endings. The end of treatment and of the working relationship carries a sense of finality. Many clients, and some therapists, find this phase emotionally difficult. It is essential that social workers thoughtfully approach termination with clients. Social workers must ensure that this ending is different from other endings by not repeating unhelpful patterns from their past and ends in a way that highlights their accomplishments in the work you have done together. This chapter offers ways to create endings where the client can own and take credit for the important work that they have done. In addition, the authors discuss some of the challenges that arise during this phase of treatment, such as accepting gifts and the desire for ongoing contact.
Final Thoughts
Authors: Grady Melissa D. , Dombo Eileen A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This concluding chapter provides some final thoughts from each of the authors about longevity in the field. The authors pass along advice that they wish they had received as they entered the field of social work. Many issues are discussed. Among them are engaging in self-care, finding change motivation, cultivating peer support, practicing humility and personal honesty, embracing curiosity, continuing with ongoing lifelong learning, setting boundaries, celebrating difference, finding a niche, pursuing postgraduate and doctoral training, specializing in particular aspects of social work, maintaining diverse work roles to avoid burnout, maintaining a work–life balance, celebrating achievements, and showing pride in the profession of social work.
Places, Peoples, Empire
Authors: Andrade Nathanael J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
At the time Pilate killed Jesus, Rome had governed greater Judaea for a century. “Judaea” was the Greek and Latin term for “Israel,” and it was under the sway of the Roman emperor Tiberius for much of Jesus’ life. Beneath him, Jerusalem and surrounding regions of lesser Judaea had been portioned out to equestrian prefects. Jesus’ home region of Galilee and other territories were allotted to Herodian dynasts. Both prefects and Herodian dynasts were figures of Roman authority, and the long arm of Roman imperialism defined the playing field in which Pilate and Jesus would have their fatal encounter. But why was Jesus subject to Roman authority? Why were Jesus and Galileans like him Jews? What was a Roman prefect doing in Jerusalem during Jesus’ final Passover? What was the political situation in Judaea and surrounding regions of the Middle East during Jesus’ lifetime?
Dissenters
Authors: Andrade Nathanael J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
If some of Jesus’ compatriots coordinated with Roman authority, other Jews envisioned its end. Some people acquired charismatic authority by criticizing the established order, including the Romans, Herodians, and chief priests. These could be insurgents, people who sought to free Israel from the Romans and restore autonomous rule by Jews. But some dissenters foresaw a divine reign over Israel. They believed it would reverse the governing order. We can place the Qumran Jews, John the Baptizer, and Jesus of Nazareth within the spectrum of prophetic dissenters. But what did they have in common, and how did they differ? How did their beliefs and actions pit them against governing authority?
Introduction
Authors: Moen Lars J.K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The first chapter introduces the debate over freedom between republicans and liberals. It explains the republican concept of freedom as non-domination and the pure negative view of freedom as non-interference. It then sketches the framework employed throughout the book to analyze and compare these two freedom concepts. The chapter also positions the account of republicanism discussed in the book within the long republican tradition of political thought. The chapter ultimately shows how the book is structured so as to demonstrate how the conceptual dispute over republican and pure negative freedom results in the republican dilemma, which is also introduced in the chapter.
Ideal
Authors: Moen Lars J.K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter considers different ways of defining and using ideals in political philosophy. The ideal of strong republican freedom seems unsuited for guiding political action in a modern society. Moderate republican freedom, on the other hand, is defined exactly for this purpose in the constructivist procedure explained in Chapter 4. A defense of strong republican freedom must involve a rejection of this constructivist approach. This chapter shows how a critique of moderate republican freedom runs parallel to G. A. Cohen’s objection to Rawls’s interpretation of the difference principle, according to which citizens committed to making the worst-off as well off as possible will demand no incentives for helping the worst-off. Similarly, citizens committed to protecting their society against abuse of political power will have no shared interests conflicting with the vigilance involved in such protection. The chapter touches on several issues central in ongoing methodological debates in political philosophy.
Against Mere Qualitative Heterogeneity in Temporal Reality
Authors: Fiocco M. Oreste 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The world in time is ontologically heterogeneous: at least one moment is unique, bearing a temporal property or having some distinction that separates it from any other moment. On some accounts of such structure, this heterogeneity is supposed to be merely qualitative, a difference in the properties that moments or the things that exist at them bear. On others, the heterogeneity is more profound, a difference in what exists simpliciter from one moment to the next. This chapter argues against accounts on which there is merely qualitative heterogeneity in temporal reality. Thus, the traditional passage view and moving spotlight views are both rejected. The chapter argues that one must accept some ontological transience in temporal reality: some things, including moments and other temporal entities, come into being or cease to be simpliciter. There is nothing whatsoever prior to this moment, now. Hence, growing block views are also rejected.
Temporal Reality and Inconstancy
Authors: Fiocco M. Oreste 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This moment, now, exists but for an instant, and is replaced by another moment, which stands in no relation to the former. This is suggestive of presentism, a somewhat notorious view. This chapter elaborates this book’s account of temporal reality by examining it vis-à-vis presentism. Although this account rejects what is standardly the definitive ontological claim of presentism, that only present things exist, regarding it as presentist is nonetheless appropriate. The account, which avoids all the problems usually associated with presentism, is nevertheless open to a conclusive objection, concerning the indubitable constancy in the world. Acknowledging this, however, does not indicate grounds for rejecting the account of the world in time propounded herein; rather, it reveals that an apt account of the metaphysics of time includes more than merely an account of temporal reality. What is also needed is a theory of the world without time, that is, an account of atemporal reality.