bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding, evaluating, and incorporating Internet self‐help resources into psychotherapy practice
Authors: Zuckerman Edward 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe Internet can be a wondrously rich source of information and support for clients. This article offers advice on how to make a practitioner's Web site valuable to potential clients, how to find Web sites of use to clients for self‐help, how to use Web sites in support of therapeutic efforts, how to evaluate the quality of Web sites, and finally, a case example of using the Internet with a multiproblem client. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 59: 217–225, 2003.
Focused expressive writing as self‐help for stress and trauma
Authors: Smyth Joshua , Helm Rebecca 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIn the therapy process, the process of disclosing about stressful or traumatic events is often considered essential. One such manner is through focused expressive writing (FEW) about stressful or traumatic experiences. FEW is related to improvements in health and well‐being, across a wide array of outcomes and participant characteristics. As FEW requires limited involvement of other individuals, is relatively low cost, and portable, it has tremendous potential as self‐help. In particular, FEW may be an effective means to reach populations unwilling or unable to engage in psychotherapy. A case illustration of FEW is presented. Evidence and future directions for FEW as self‐help are reviewed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 59: 227–235, 2003.
The effectiveness of self‐administered treatments: A practice‐friendly review of the research
Authors: Mains Jennifer A. , Scogin Forrest R. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractSelf‐administered treatments are a cost‐effective way to treat a broad spectrum of people. This article focuses on the existing research of self‐administered treatments and their effectiveness when integrated with ongoing practice or when implemented alone. Evidence for their effectiveness is mixed; self‐help has been proven successful in the treatment of depression, mild alcohol abuse, and anxiety disorders. It has proven less successful for smoking cessation and moderate to severe alcohol abuse. When determining whether self‐administered treatment is appropriate, individual characteristics and attitude as well as the nature and severity of the problem should be taken into consideration. In addition, because many self‐help treatments have not been evaluated, caution should be exercised when implementing self‐administered treatment, and progress should be carefully monitored. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 59: 237–246, 2003.
The use of autobiography in psychotherapy
Authors: Sommer Robert 
Published: January 2003

AbstractFirst‐person narratives may have advantages as adjuncts in psychotherapy. They provide an inside view of mental disorders expressed in the person's own words, emphasize issues that the person deems important, are interesting to read with strong story lines, are less didactic than self‐help books, and offer identification with a protagonist. Recent trends in published autobiographies are described. There has been an increase in the number of published autobiographies describing mood disorder relative to schizophrenia, of psychotherapists going public with personal experiences of mental disorder, and of books expressing a positive view of treatment. The article includes case vignettes and a practitioner‐recommended list of autobiographies on addictive disorders, death and grieving, and mood disorders. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 59: 197–205, 2003.
Fast iterative solution of large undrained soil‐structure interaction problems
Authors: Phoon Kok‐Kwang , Chan Swee‐Huat , Toh Kim‐Chuan , Lee Fook‐Hou 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIn view of rapid developments in iterative solvers, it is timely to re‐examine the merits of using mixed formulation for incompressible problems. This paper presents extensive numerical studies to compare the accuracy of undrained solutions resulting from the standard displacement formulation with a penalty term and the two‐field mixed formulation. The standard displacement and two‐field mixed formulations are solved using both direct and iterative approaches to assess if it is cost‐effective to achieve more accurate solutions. Numerical studies of a simple footing problem show that the mixed formulation is able to solve the incompressible problem ‘exactly’, does not create pressure and stress instabilities, and obviate the need for an ad hoc penalty number. In addition, for large‐scale problems where it is not possible to perform direct solutions entirely within available random access memory, it turns out that the larger system of equations from mixed formulation also can be solved much more efficiently than the smaller system of equations arising from standard formulation by using the symmetric quasi‐minimal residual (SQMR) method with the generalized Jacobi (GJ) preconditioner. Iterative solution by SQMR with GJ preconditioning also is more elegant, faster, and more accurate than the popular Uzawa method. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The response of an elastic half‐space under a momentary shear line impulse
Authors: Ziv Moche 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe response of an ideal elastic half‐space to a line‐concentrated impulsive vector shear force applied momentarily is obtained by an analytical–numerical computational method based on the theory of characteristics in conjunction with kinematical relations derived across surfaces of strong discontinuities. The shear force is concentrated along an infinite line, drawn on the surface of the half‐space, while being normal to that line as well as to the axis of symmetry of the half‐space. An exact loading model is introduced and built into the computational method for this shear force. With this model, a compatibility exists among the prescribed applied force, the geometric decay of the shear stress component at the precursor shear wave, and the boundary conditions of the half‐space; in this sense, the source configuration is exact. For the transient boundary‐value problem described above, a wave characteristics formulation is presented, where its differential equations are extended to allow for strong discontinuities which occur in the material motion of the half‐space. A numerical integration of these extended differential equations is then carried out in a three‐dimensional spatiotemporal wavegrid formed by the Cartesian bicharacteristic curves of the wave characteristics formulation. This work is devoted to the construction of the computational method and to the concepts involved therein, whereas the interpretation of the resultant transient deformation of the half‐space is presented in a subsequent paper. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Source signature and elastic waves in a half‐space under a momentary shear line impulse
Authors: Ziv Moche 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe transient deformation of an elastic half‐space under a line‐concentrated impulsive vector shear load applied momentarily is disclosed in this paper. While in an earlier work, the author gave an analytical–numerical method for the solution to this transient boundary‐value problem, here, the resultant response of the half‐space is presented and interpreted. In particular, a probe is set up for the kinematics of the source signature and wave fronts, both explicitly revealed in the strained half‐space by the solution method. The source signature is the imprint of the spatiotemporal configuration of the excitation source in the resultant response. Fourteen wave fronts exist behind the precursor shear wave S: four concentric cylindrical, eight plane, and two relativistic cylindrical initiated at propagating centres that are located on the stationary boundaries of the solution domain. A snapshot of the stressed half‐space reveals that none of the 14 wave fronts fully extend laterally. Instead, each is enclosed within point bounds. These wave arresting points and the two propagating centres of the relativistic waves constitute the source signature. The obtained 14 wave fronts are further combined into 11 disparate wave fronts that are grouped into four categories: an axis of symmetry wave—so named here by reason of being a wave front that is contiguous to the axis of symmetry, three body waves, five surface waves and two inhibitor waves—so named here by reason that beyond them the material motion dies out. Of the three body waves, the first is an unloading shear wave, the second is a diffracted wave and the third is a reflected longitudinal two‐branch wave. Of the two inhibitor waves, the first is a two‐joint relativistic wave, while the second is a two‐branch wave. The wave system, however, is not the same for all the dependent variables; a wave front that appears in the behaviour of one dependent variable may not exist in the behaviour of another. It is evident from this work that Saint–Venant's principle for wave propagation problems cannot be formulated. Therefore, the above results are valid for the particular proposed model for the momentary line‐concentrated shear load. The formulation of the source signature, the wave system, and their role in the half‐space transient deformation are presented here. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of a laboratory‐scale pressure differential (force/decay) system for non‐destructive leak detection of flexible and semi‐rigid packaging
Authors: Pascall M. A. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThis study evaluated the capabilities of a bench‐top non‐destructive pressure differential leak tester using 355 ml polyethylene terephthalate/ethylene vinyl alcohol/polypropylene (PET/EVOH/PP) trays. This evaluation was done by monitoring the equipment's force/decay responses to leaks, changes in the package headspace volume and differences in the seal strength of 986 sample trays. Leak detection evaluation was done using artificially created channel leaks (10–200 µm) in the sealing areas and pinholes (5–50 µm) in the lids of the polymeric trays. Seal strength evaluation included the ability of the equipment to identify non‐leaking but weak seals and the extent to which the pressure differential unit affected good seals during a normal test run. The results showed that the equipment had a detection limit of 40 µm for channel leaks 6 mm in length and 15 µm for pinholes. The results also showed that the pressure differential unit caused a 9% reduction in the seal strength of the tested packages. However, peel strength analysis and distribution testing showed that this reduction in seal strength did not compromise the integrity of 99% of the packages tested. Results showed that the equipment could also detect weak but non‐leaking seals that had potential to lose integrity during transportation and retail handling. The results of this study could be used to determine the capabilities and limitations of a non‐destructive pressure differential bench‐top leak testing device intended for food packaging quality control. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Barrier properties and heat sealability/failure mechanisms of dispersion‐coated paperboard
Authors: Andersson Caisa , Ernstsson Marie , Järnström Lars 
Published: January 2003

AbstractPlate‐like fillers are often added to improve barrier properties and to prevent blocking of dispersion coatings on paper and board. We have studied the effects of clay addition, neutralizing agent and drying conditions on water vapour permeability, water absorption, oxygen permeability and heat sealability of carboxylated styrene/butyl acrylate dispersion coatings on a pilot scale. The barrier dispersions were applied on a pre‐coated side of a three‐ply board, using a pre‐metering roll coater. Coated strips were sealed under specified conditions of temperature, time and pressure and the sealability was assessed by measuring the peak load necessary to break the joints. The surface composition of the barrier‐coated board was analysed and the mode of failure was characterized by ESCA. The occurrence of pinholes in the barrier coatings was assessed by both staining tests and ESEM/EDX analysis of the surface topography. The resulting barrier properties were satisfactory as far as resistance to water transport in both liquid and vapour form is concerned. The oxygen permeability was similar to that of similar amorphous polymers. Heat‐sealing tests showed that the mode of failure was mainly cohesive in nature, as fibre tear occurred when sealed strips were separated. Neutralization with sodium hydroxide gave poor adhesion and had a negative effect on the seal strength. Barrier measurements and ESEM/EDX analysis both showed that the pinholes present extended only through the barrier coating. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Packaging reminiscences: some thoughts on controversial matters
Authors: Paine Frank 
Published: January 2003

AbstractPackaging is necessary in a world dominated by marketing‐based economies, which rely on it for the safe delivery of profitable products. It is different from many other functions because packaging has two faces and each face demands a special marketing approach. Also necessary to appreciate is that in the very marketing of all products packaging plays a vital part, yet it is still often treated as a necessary evil and is often used on an expediency basis by product manufacturers. Even the packaging manufacturers themselves still fall into the trap of providing what is asked for instead of designing what is really needed. To describe packaging as in a world of its own is no pretension, for wherever natural or manufactured products are produced, packaging is needed to contain, preserve and protect them in the journey to the market place. Food, drink, clothing, light engineering goods, china and glass, medicines and household chemicals—in all those industries it is packaging made of paper and board, glass, plastic and metal that serves them. The importance of properly designed packaging lies in the fact that it must meet the need for protection of the product from the hazards of damage and deterioration. At the same time it must also provide identification and attractive presentation and meet the appropriate environmental criteria, Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indanoyl amino acid conjugates: Tunable elicitors of plant secondary metabolism
Authors: Lauchli Ryan , Boland Wilhelm 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe unassuming nature of plants belies their viciously effective defensive strategies in the face of herbivore attack.
Under the direction of, among others, octadecanoid hormones, plants respond by producing phytoalexins, bitter and toxic
alkaloids, protease inhibitors, and even volatile compounds that call predatory insects to the herbivores. A rational
design of 4‐oxoindanoyl amino acid conjugates based on the phytotoxin, coronatine, as a structural guide resulted
in a series of highly active compounds which turn on defensive systems in much the same way as octadecanoid hormones.
The developments in the syntheses of indanoyl amino acid conjugates have created easy access to substantial amounts of a
variety of such compounds. When these compounds were tested in biological systems, they showed abilities to induce defensive
responses that surpassed octadecanoid hormones. In addition, small changes in the structures of these compounds resulted in
large differences in the particular defensive systems that were activated. Indanoyl amino acid conjugates are promising tools
in photoaffinity approaches towards the macromolecular targets of octadecanoids and their subcellular localization. Owing to
the strong activation of plant defense or their efficient induction of fruit abscission which facilitates mechanical harvest,
the compounds are promising candidates for future application in agriculture. © 2003 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum
and Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Chem Rec 3: 12–21; 2003: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com)
DOI 10.1002/tcr.10043
Activation and functionalization of molecular nitrogen by metal complexes
Authors: Fryzuk Michael D. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractMolecular nitrogen is intrinsically unreactive, so much so that it has confounded chemists for decades in attempts to functionalize
this abundant diatomic molecule. While biological systems and industrial processes can fix nitrogen to form ammonia, the challenge is to
discover a process that involves a homogeneous catalyst that can utilize N2 as a feedstock to generate higher value organonitrogen
materials. In this review, the activation of molecular nitrogen by transition metal complexes is reviewed with the view to present new kinds
of transformations for coordinated dinitrogen. Moreover, some reaction types that are as yet unknown are outlined to try and stimulate
further research in this area. © 2003 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Chem Rec 3: 2–11; 2003:
Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.10044
Alkyl chains acting as entropy reservoir in liquid crystalline materials
Authors: Sorai Michio , Saito Kazuya 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe roles played by the conformational disordering of alkyl chains in determining the aggregation states of matter
are reviewed for liquid crystalline materials from a thermodynamic perspective. Entropy, which is one of the most
macroscopic concepts but which has a clear microscopic meaning, provides crucial microscopic information for complex
systems for which a microscopic description is hard to establish. Starting from structural implication by absolute
(third‐law) entropy for crystalline solids, the existence of successive phase transitions caused
by the successive conformational melting of alkyl chains in discotic mesogens is explained. An experimental basis
is given for the “quasi‐binary picture” of thermotropic liquid crystals, i.e., the highly disordered
alkyl chains behave like a second component (solvent). A novel entropy transfer between the
“components” of a molecule and the resulting “alkyl chains as entropy reservoir” mechanism are
explained for cubic mesogens. © 2003 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Chem Rec 3:
29–39; 2003: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com)
DOI 10.1002/tcr.10046
Functional tuning of nucleic acids by chemical modifications: Tailored oligonucleotides as drugs, devices, and diagnostics
Authors: Verma Sandeep , Jäger Stefan , Thum Oliver , Famulok Michael 
Published: January 2003

AbstractChemical modifications of nucleic acids present vast opportunities for extending the functions and properties of these biomolecules.
In general, efforts invested in this direction pertain to the introduction of reactive functional groups for further derivatizations of
oligonucleotides with numerous reporter groups and for equipping nucleic acids with catalytic chemical moieties. This review deals
with representative chemical modifications in the nucleobases, sugars, and the phosphate ester backbone and their application from
novel catalytic RNA selection to nucleic acid‐based biosensors. © 2003 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals,
Inc., Chem Rec 3: 51–60; 2003: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.10047
Seeing what was unseen: New analytical methods for molecular imaging
Authors: Umezawa Yoshio 
Published: January 2003

AbstractFor nondestructive analysis of chemical processes in living cells, we developed novel intracellular fluorescent indicators
for second messengers, protein phosphorylation, and protein/protein interactions that work in single living cells. Key molecules
and steps of cellular signaling pathways were visualized under a confocal laser microscope in target live cells using developed
fluorescent indicators. A second new approach to molecular imaging is also described. When chemically modified tips were used
for STM measurements, contrast enhancements at specific regions in the STM images occurred on the basis of hydrogen bond and
metal‐coordination interactions. This enabled us to detect not only the distribution of specific chemical species and
functional groups but also the orientation of functional groups. The contrast enhancements reflect the increase in a tunneling
current due to the overlap of electronic wave functions induced by the chemical interactions between tip and sample. ©
2003 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Chem Rec 3: 22–28; 2003: Published online in Wiley
InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.10049
Nonaqueous magnesium electrochemistry and its application in secondary batteries
Authors: Aurbach Doron , Weissman Idit , Gofer Yosef , Levi Elena 
Published: January 2003

AbstractA revolution in modern electronics has led to the miniaturization and evolution of many portable devices, such as cellular
telephones and laptop computers, since the 1980s. This has led to an increasing demand for new and compatible energy storage
technologies. Furthermore, a growing awareness of pollution issues has provided a strong impetus for the science and technology
community to develop alternatives with ever‐higher energy densities, with the ultimate goal of being able to propel
electric vehicles. Magnesium's thermodynamic properties make this metal a natural candidate for utilization as an anode
in high‐energy‐density, rechargeable battery systems. We report herein on the results of extensive studies on
magnesium anodes and magnesium insertion electrodes in nonaqueous electrolyte solutions. Novel, rechargeable nonaqueous magnesium
battery systems were developed based on the research. This work had two major challenges: one was to develop electrolyte solutions
with especially high anodic stability in which magnesium anodes can function at a high level of cycling efficiency; the other was
to develop a cathode that can reversibly intercalate Mg ions in these electrolyte systems. The new magnesium batteries consist of
Mg metal anodes, an electrolyte with a general structure of Mg(AlX3−nRnR′)2
(R′,R = alkyl groups, X = halide) in ethereal solutions (e.g.,
tetrahydrofuran, polyethers of the “glyme” family), and Chevrel phases of MgMo3S4 stoichiometry
as highly reversible cathodes. With their practical energy density expected to be >60 Wh/Kg, the battery systems can be
cycled thousands of times with almost no capacity fading. The batteries are an environmentally friendly alternative to
lead‐acid and nickel‐cadmium batteries and are composed of abundant, inexpensive, and nonpoisonous materials. The
batteries are expected to provide superior results in large devices that require high‐energy density, high cycle life, a
high degree of safety, and low‐cost components. Further developments in this field are in active progress. ©
2003 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Chem Rec 3: 61–73; 2003: Published online in Wiley
InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.10051