bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enumeration of antigen‐specific CD8+ T lymphocytes by single‐platform, HLA tetramer‐based flow cytometry: A European multicenter evaluation
Authors: Heijnen Ingmar A. F. M. , Barnett David , Arroz Maria J. , Barry Simon M. , Bonneville Marc , Brando Bruno , D'hautcourt Jean‐Luc , Kern Florian , Tötterman Thomas H. , Marijt Erik W. A. , Bossy David , Preijers Frank W. M. B. , Rothe Gregor , Gratama Jan W. ,   European Working Group on Clinical Cell Analysis
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundHLA class I peptide tetramers represent powerful diagnostic tools for detection and monitoring of antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells. The impetus for the current multicenter study is the critical need to standardize tetramer flow cytometry if it is to be implemented as a routine diagnostic assay. Hence, the European Working Group on Clinical Cell Analysis set out to develop and evaluate a single‐platform tetramer‐based method that used cytomegalovirus (CMV) as the antigenic model.MethodsAbsolute numbers of CMV‐specific CD8+ T cells were obtained by combining the percentage of tetramer‐binding cells with the absolute CD8+ T‐cell count. Six send‐outs of stabilized blood from healthy individuals or CMV‐carrying donors with CMV‐specific CD8+ T‐cell counts of 3 to 10 cells/μl were distributed to 7 to 16 clinical sites. These sites were requested to enumerate CD8+ T cells and, in the case of CMV‐positive donors, CMV‐specific subsets on three separate occasions using the standard method.ResultsBetween‐site coefficients of variation of less than 10% (absolute CD8+ T‐cell counts) and ∼ 30% (percentage and absolute numbers of CMV‐specific CD8+ T cells) were achieved. Within‐site coefficients of variation were ∼ 5% (absolute CD8+ T‐cell counts), ∼ 9% (percentage CMV‐specific CD8+ T cells), and ∼ 17% (absolute CMV‐specific CD8+ T‐cell counts). The degree of variation tended to correlate inversely with the proportion of CMV‐specific CD8+ T‐cell subsets.ConclusionsThe single‐platform MHC tetramer‐based method for antigen‐specific CD8+ T‐cell counting has been evaluated by a European group of laboratories and can be considered a reproducible assay for routine enumeration of antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zur Ermittlung der Tragfähigkeit an zentrisch und exzentrisch gedrückten Mauerwerksquerschnitten
Authors: Pflücke Torsten , Jäger Wolfram 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBei der Bemessung von Tragkonstruktionen aus Mauerwerk ist die Querschnittstragfähigkeit unter vertikaler Beanspruchung nachzuweisen. Dies trifft z.B. für den Wand‐Decken‐Knoten zu.Bisher wurden für die Bestimmung der Querschnittstragfähigkeit einer Wand bzw. eines Pfeilers i. allg. ein Spannungsdreieck oder ein Spannungsrechteck zur Idealisierung des Materialverhaltens verwendet. Es ist bekannt, daß Mauerwerk sich im wesentlichen nichtlinear verhält und der wahre Verlauf der Materialkennlinie zwischen diesen beiden Grenzfällen liegt. In diesem Beitrag soll das reale Materialverhalten beim Nachweis der Querschnittstragfähigkeit einbezogen werden. Die Ergebnisse dienen weiterhin als Grundlage für die Entwicklung einer Näherungslösung. Die vorgestellte Approximation ermöglicht eine durchgehende Bestimmung der Querschnittstragfähigkeit ohne das sonst notwendige Differenzieren zwischen ungerissenem und gerissenem Zustand unter gleichzeitiger Beachtung des tatsächlichen Materialverhaltens. Das war bisher nur bei Anwendung des Spannungsblocks möglich.
OC29 is preferentially expressed in the presumptive sensory organ region of the otocyst
Authors: Nishida Akiko T. , Kobuke Kazuhiro , Kojima Ken , Ito Juichi , Honjo Tasuku , Tashiro Kei 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe mammalian inner ear derives from the otocyst. Molecular mechanisms underlying inner ear development are largely unknown. We have isolated a secreted molecule, OC29, from a rat otocyst cDNA library by the signal sequence trap method. OC29 was revealed to be a rat homologue of human WFIKKN. OC29 is preferentially expressed in the developing inner ear and the dorsal neural tube. In the inner ear, the expression of OC29 is first detectable at embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5), broadly in the dorsolateral region of the otocyst, which gives rise to the vestibular organ. At E12.5, the expression of OC29 becomes restricted to the presumptive sensory region, mainly to the BMP4‐positive presumptive cristae, and expression becomes reduced at later stages. These results suggest that OC29 may have a role in the early development of the inner ear sensory organ, particularly in the formation of the cristae of the semicircular canals. Developmental Dynamics 231:766–774, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aberrant B1 cell migration into the thymus results in activation of CD4 T cells through its potent antigen‐presenting activity in the development of murine lupus
Authors: Sato Taku , Ishikawa Sho , Akadegawa Kenji , Ito Toshihiro , Yurino Hideaki , Kitabatake Masahiro , Yoneyama Hiroyuki , Matsushima Kouji 
Published: October 2004

AbstractB1 cells have different origin and function from conventional B (B2) cells and are considered to be involved in autoantibody production in the development of autoimmune disease. We found that B1 cells preferentially accumulated in the target organs including thymus in aged BWF1 mice, a murine model for systemic lupus erythematosus, and that B lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC/CXCL13) expression was increased in the thymus before the onset of lupus nephritis, while stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1/CXCL12) and secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC/CCL21) expression remained unchanged. Adhesion molecules such as peripheral node addressin (PNAd), ICAM‐1, and VCAM‐1 were also expressed on endothelial cells in the enlarged thymic perivascular space (PVS) in aged BWF1 mice. BLC protein and PNAd were co‐localized on these high‐endothelial‐venules‐like vessels in enlarged PVS. B1 cells expressed higher level of costimulatory molecules and showed a potent antigen‐presenting activity in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction comparable to splenic dendritic cells. Interestingly, B1 cells stimulated proliferation of autologous thymic CD4 T cells in the presence of IL‐2. These results indicate that aberrant B1 cell trafficking into the thymus due to ectopic high expression of BLC may result in an activation of self‐reactive T cells in the development of murine lupus.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Dithionite at a Cobalt(II)tetrasulfonated Phthalocyanine and 5,10,15,20‐Tetrakis‐(4‐sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin Cobalt(II) Modified Gold Electrode in Alkaline Solution
Authors: De Wael Karolien , Westbroek Philippe , Temmerman Eduard 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn this paper it is shown that the charge transfer kinetics of the oxidation of sodium dithionite at a gold electrode in alkaline solution can be increased by modifying this electrode with cobalt(II)tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine, sodium salt (CoTSPc) or 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis‐(4‐sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin cobalt(II), tetrasodium salt (CoTSPor). Electrodeposition of these catalysts is discussed as well as the oxidation of sodium dithionite at these immobilized catalysts. Despite an observed acceleration in the charge transfer kinetics, sodium dithionite is still oxidized irreversibly. However, the improvement in kinetics has beneficial consequences in the field of electroanalysis of sodium dithionite. Comparison of the oxidation at bare gold and modified gold electrodes showed that with improved charge transfer kinetics at the modified electrodes a higher sensitivity and selectivity and a much lower detection limit is obtained.
Voltammetric Behavior of Nitrofurazone at Highly Boron Doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Sérgio da Silva Julião Murilo , Almeida Érica Cristina , Aquiles La Scalea Mauro , Ferreira Neidenêi Gomes , Compton Richard G. , Pires Serrano Sílvia Helena 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of nitrofurazone (NFZ) at a highly boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode was studied in Britton‐Robinson (BR) buffer using cyclic voltammetry. NFZ was directly reduced to the amine derivative (RNH2) in the pH range of 2.0 to 4.0 in a process involving six (6.0±0.4) electrons and six protons. In the range of pH 7.0 to 12 and, predominantly aqueous medium, the reduction step split into its two components: the reduction of NFZ to the radical anion (RNO2.−) and reduction of RNO2.− to hydroxylamine derivative (RNHOH) in processes involving one and three (3.1±0.1) electrons, respectively. On the anodic scan of the voltammograms and at pH 8.0, the oxidation of the hydroxylamine to the nitroso derivative (RNO), was observed in a process involving 2 (1.7±0.2) electrons and 2 protons. In addition and unreported in the literature on any electrode material, was the detection of a new oxidation peak at pH>8.0, which was observed regardless of whether NFZ had been previously reduced or not. The calculation of n, number of electrons, involved in each electrochemical step was satisfactorily accomplished using the Randles‐Ševcik equation.
Comparison of the Electrochemical Reactivity of Electrodes Modified with Carbon Nanotubes from Different Sources
Authors: Lawrence Nathan S. , Deo Randhir P. , Wang Joseph 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe electrochemical activity of five different commercial carbon nanotubes (CNT), prepared by the ARC discharge and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods, has been assessed and compared. The various multi‐walled CNT were immobilized onto a glassy carbon electrode using three different dispersing agents (Nafion, concentrated nitric acid and dimethylformamide (DMF)) and their voltammetric response to ferricyanide, NADH and hydrogen peroxide examined. SEM was used to characterize the surface morphology. The corresponding cyclic voltammetry and amperometric data showed that the electrocatalytic activity, the background current and the electroanalytical performance are strongly depended on the preparation of the CNT and on the dispersing agent used. The most favorable amperometric detection of NADH and hydrogen peroxide is observed at the NanoLab CVD‐produced CNT in connection to a DMF‐surface dispersion. ARC‐produced CNT display a smaller capacitance, particularly in connection to the DMF dispersion. Such differences in the electrochemical reactivity are attributed to the different surface chemistries (primarily defect densities) of the corresponding CNT layers, associated with the different production and dispersion protocols.
Enzymatic Biosensors Based on Carbon Nanotubes Paste Electrodes
Authors: Rubianes María D. , Rivas Gustavo A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe performance of enzymatic biosensors based on the immobilization of different enzymes within a carbon nanotubes paste electrode (CNTPE) prepared by dispersion of multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and mineral oil is reported in this work. The strong electrocatalytic activity of carbon nanotubes towards the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and quinones and the oxidation of NADH have allowed an effective low‐potential amperometric determination of lactate, phenols, catechols and ethanol, in connection with the incorporation of lactate oxidase, polyphenol oxidase and alcohol dehydrogenase/NAD+, respectively, within the composite matrix. Compared to the analogous enzymatic CPEs, a great enhancement in the response is observed at the enzymatic CNTPEs. Therefore, highly sensitive lactate, phenols, catechols and alcohols biosensors without using any metal or redox mediator can be obtained with this new composite material.
Sustainable range management system
Authors: Chiles Gary W. , McLendon Terry 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe U.S. military faces an increasingly diverse array of challenges in meeting its national security objectives in the twenty‐first century. One of the most critical challenges is providing realistic training for our armed forces. To address this challenge, the Department of Defense is pursuing a strategy to achieve range sustainment. This strategy dictates a need for a management structure within which the military can operate and maintain sustainable ranges. Rather than starting with a completely new structure, the Department of Defense should consider management structures currently in use around the world. The management structure described in the international standard for environmental management systems, ISO 14001, provides a very useful framework for addressing the required elements of a sustainable range management system. The ISO 14001 framework helps range managers identify gaps in any proposed management structure and determine the most effective means of integrating existing range management tools into the sustainable range management system. Two examples of existing range management tools that may be used within a sustainable range management system are geographic information systems (GISs) and the ecological model ECOS2T (Ecological Simulations for a Sustainable Tomorrow). ISO 14001 provides a useful road map for the integration of these tools into a sustainable range management system. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessing potential Marine Corps training and operational impacts from new air quality standards for fine particles (PM2.5)
Authors: Ransom Elmer W. , Davis Jeff A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn 1997, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued new air quality standards for fine particles (PM2.5). During the EPA rulemaking, the Department of Defense (DOD) submitted comments that identified several concerns about potential military training and readiness impacts. In the fall of 2004, the EPA plans to propose an implementation rule for the PM2.5 standard. To prepare for the next round of EPA rulemaking, and in coordination with the other military services, the United States Marine Corps (USMC) commissioned a study to further define and evaluate potential impacts of the PM2.5 standards and proposed implementation rule on training and readiness operations, and recommend feasible compliance strategies. This article presents the current status and preliminary results of the study. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Homozygous deletions of CDKN2A caused by alternative mechanisms in various human cancer cell lines
Authors: Raschke Sascha , Balz Vera , Efferth Thomas , Schulz Wolfgang A. , Florl Andrea R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe CDKN2A tumor‐suppressor locus on chromosome band 9p21, which encodes p16INK4A, a negative regulator of cyclin‐dependent kinases, and p14ARF1, an activator of TP53, is inactivated in many human cancers by point mutation, promoter hypermethylation, and, often, deletion. Homozygous deletions are unusually prevalent at this locus in very different human cancers. In the present study, we compared deletions in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) cell lines to those in T‐cell acute lymphatic leukemia (T‐ALL), glioma, and bladder carcinoma (TCC) cell lines. Of 14 SCCHN lines, 10 showed homozygous deletions of CDKN2A, one displayed promoter hypermethylation with gene silencing, and one had a frameshift deletion in exon 2. Many deletion ends were in or proximal to the repetitive sequence clusters flanking the locus. Breakpoint junctions displayed variable microhomologies or insertions characteristic of DNA repair by nonhomologous end‐joining. In general, deletions were much smaller in SCCHN than in TCC and glioma. In T‐ALL, breakpoints were near consensus sites for recombination mediated by RAG (recombination activating genes) enzymes, and the structure of the junctions was consistent with this mechanism. We suggest that different mechanisms of CDKN2A deletion prevail in different human cancers. Aberrant RAG‐mediated recombination may be responsible in T‐ALL, and exuberant DNA repair by nonhomologous end‐joining is the likely prevailing mechanism in SCCHN, but a distinct mechanism in TCC and glioma remains to be elucidated. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using covariates to reduce uncertainty in the economic evaluation of clinical trial data
Authors: Vázquez‐Polo F. J. , Negrín Hernández M. A. , López‐Valcárcel B. González 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAs part of their practice, policymakers have to make economic evaluations using clinical trial data. Recent interest has been expressed in determining how cost‐effectiveness analysis can be undertaken in a regression framework. In this respect, published research basically provides a general method for prognostic factor adjustment in the presence of imbalance, emphasizing sub‐group analysis. In this paper, we present an alternative method from a Bayesian approach. We propose the use of covariates in Bayesian health technology assessment in order to reduce uncertainty about the effect of treatments. We show its advantages by comparison with another published method that do not adjust for covariates using simulated data. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The welfare loss from hospital cost‐shifting behavior: a partial equilibrium analysis
Authors: Santerre Rexford E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractCost shifting occurs when changes in administered prices of one payer lead to compensating changes in prices charged to other payers. Microeconomic theory suggests that cost shifting can take place under limited conditions and some empirical studies indicate that that hospital cost shifting may have actually occurred at various times. This study designs a model to conceptualize and quantify the potential welfare loss caused by hospital cost shifting under idealized yet fairly plausible conditions. The resulting estimate yields only a small efficiency loss of at most, 0.84% of private hospital expenditures in the US for 1992. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relative Electrophilic Fluorinating Power as Assayed by Competitive Catalytic Halogenation Reactions
Authors: Toullec Patrick Y. , Devillers Ingrid , Frantz Richard , Togni Antonio 
Published: October 2004

AbstractCatalytic fluorination/chlorination competition experiments of β‐keto ester 5 were used to assess the relative fluorinating activity of various electrophilic NF reagents (containing an NF bond). Thus, in the halogenation reactions catalyzed by the [Ti(TADDOLato)] complex 1 (=bis(acetonitrile)dichloro[(4R,5R)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐α,α,α′,α′‐tetra(naphthalen‐1‐yl)‐1,3‐dioxolane‐4,5‐dimethanolato(2−)‐κO,κO′]titanium), the activity range of a series of commercially available reagents spans more than two orders of magnitude. SelectfluorTM (=1‐(chloromethyl)‐4‐fluoro‐1,4‐diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(tetrafluoroborate); 9; also called F‐TEDA; TEDA=triethylenediamine) reacts more than 100 times faster than 1‐fluoropyridinium tetrafluoroborate.
Factors associated with complex visual hallucinations during antidepressant treatment
Authors: Cancelli Iacopo , Marcon Gabriella , Balestrieri Matteo 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPublished case reports on complex visual hallucinations (CVH) occurring during antidepressant (AD) treatment were reviewed. Thirteen cases of CVH associated with SSRI treatment, 16 cases during tricyclic drug treatment and seven cases with other AD drug treatments were found.Nine patients were taking concomitant drugs while on therapy with SSRIs and four had a neurological disease in addition to depression. The cholinergic impoverishment occurring in dementia states or during concomitant therapy with anticholinergic drugs could increase the sensitivity to serotonergic agonists, triggering the manifestation of CVH.During tricyclic drug treatment, half of the reports were of hypnopompic or hypnagogic hallucinations and this can be associated with the effects of tricyclics (TCA) on sleep architecture. It is likely that the potent anticholinergic effect of amitriptyline was potentiated in a situation of a rapidly changing state of consciousness.In general, the review supports the view that an imbalance between serotonin and acetylcholine systems is at the root of AD‐induced CVH, with a profile defined by a cholinergic hypoactivity and a serotonergic hyperactivity.Caution is needed when administering a combination of serotonergic and anticholinergic AD in the treatment of the demented population and in other already compromised patients because there is a risk of precipitating CVH. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial measurements of stream baseflow, a relevant method for aquifer characterization and permeability evaluation. Application to a hard‐rock aquifer, the Oman ophiolite
Authors: Dewandel B. , Lachassagne P. , Qatan A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe structure, functioning and hydrodynamic properties of aquifers can be determined from an analysis of the spatial variability of baseflow in the streams with which they are associated. Such analyses are based on simple low‐cost measurements. Through interpreting the hydrological profiles (Q = f(A)) it is possible to locate the aquifer(s) linked to the stream network and to determine the type of interrelated flow, i.e. whether the stream drains or feeds the aquifer. Using an analytical solution developed for situations with a positive linear relationship, i.e. where the baseflow increases linearly with increasing catchment size, it is also possible to estimate the permeability of the aquifer(s) concerned at catchment scale.Applied to the hard‐rock aquifers of the Oman ophiolite, this method shows that the ‘gabbro’ aquifer is more permeable than the ‘peridotite’ aquifer. As a consequence the streams drain the peridotites and ‘leak’ into the gabbro. The hydrological profiles within the peridotite are linear and positive, and indicate homogeneity in the hydrodynamic properties of these formations at the kilometre scale. The permeability of the peridotite is estimated at 5 · 10−7 to 5 · 10−8 m/s. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suspended sediment concentration and the ripple–dune transition
Authors: Schindler Robert J. , Robert André 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFlume experiments were conducted in order to monitor changes in flow turbulence intensity and suspended sediment concentration at seven stages across the ripple–dune transition and at three different positions above the bed surface. Three‐dimensional velocity measurements were obtained using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV). Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) was monitored indirectly using ADV signal amplitude. Although limited to time‐averaged parameters, the analysis reveals that SSC varies significantly with stage across the transition and with sampling height. The statistical analysis also reveals an apparent uniformity of suspended sediment concentration with height above the bed in the lower half of the flow depth at the critical stage in the transition from ripples to dunes. This is also the stage at which turbulence intensity is maximized. Statistically significant correlations were also observed between suspended sediment concentrations and root‐mean‐square values of vertical velocity fluctuations. These correlations reflect the various levels of shear‐layer activity and the distinct turbulent flow regions across the transition. Conversely, time‐averaged values of Reynolds shear stress exhibit a very weak relationship with suspended sediment concentrations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.