bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergism of alcohol, diabetes, and viral hepatitis on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in blacks and whites in the U.S.
Authors: Yuan Jian‐Min , Govindarajan Sugantha , Arakawa Kazuko , Yu Mimi C. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDHeavy alcohol consumption, viral hepatitis, and diabetes are risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, to the authors' knowledge, the information concerning their interaction effect in patients with risk of HCC is sparse.METHODSA population‐based, case–control study of HCC was conducted during 1984–2002. The study involved 295 HCC cases and 435 age‐, gender‐, and race‐matched control subjects among Hispanic and non‐Hispanic whites and blacks in Los Angeles County, California. Lifestyle risk factors were ascertained through in‐person interviews. Infections with the hepatitis B and C (HCV) viruses were determined using their serologic markers.RESULTSFourteen HCC cases but no control subjects tested positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen. Seropositivity for antibodies to HCV was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 125 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 17–909) for HCC, whereas seropositivity for antibodies to the hepatitis B core antigen was related to an OR of 2.9 (95% CI, 1.7–5.0). Heavy alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking were found to be independently associated with a statistically significant two to threefold increase in risk of HCC after adjustment for hepatitis B and C serology. Subjects with a history of diabetes had an OR of 2.7 (95% CI, 1.6–4.3) for HCC compared with nondiabetic subjects. A synergistic interaction on HCC risk was observed between heavy alcohol consumption and diabetes (OR = 4.2; 95% CI, 2.6–5.8), heavy alcohol consumption and viral hepatitis (OR = 5.5; 95% CI, 3.9–7.0), or between diabetes and viral hepatitis (OR = 4.8; 95% CI, 2.7–6.9).CONCLUSIONSHeavy alcohol consumption, diabetes, and viral hepatitis were found to exert independent and synergistic effects on risk of HCC in U.S. blacks and whites. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Prospective validation of serum CYFRA 21‐1, β‐2‐microglobulin, and ferritin levels as prognostic markers in patients with nonmetastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing radiotherapy
Authors: Ma Brigette B. Y. , Leungm Sing F. , Hui Edwin P. , Mo Frankie , Kwan Wing H. , Zee Benny , Yuen Joyce , Chan Anthony T. C. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatients with undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) have elevated serum levels of CYFRA 21‐1 (CYFRA), ferritin, and β‐2‐microglobulin (β2M) compared with healthy control individuals. The prognostic value of these markers has never been validated prospectively.METHODSPaired serum samples from 160 patients with newly diagnosed, nonmetastatic, undifferentiated NPC were collected before radiotherapy (RT) and at 4–6 weeks after the completion of RT. Pre‐RT and post‐RT levels of serum CYFRA, ferritin, and β2M were analyzed and correlated with overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), time to locoregional recurrence, (TLR) and time to distant recurrence (TDR). The results of pre‐RT and post‐RT plasma Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA levels available from a previous study were included in a Cox regression model together with age, tumor (T) classification, and lymph node (N) classification.RESULTSSixty percent of patients had International Union Against Cancer Stage III–IV disease. At a median follow‐up of 116 weeks (range, 37–239 weeks), 38 patients had disease progression. On multivariate analysis, pre‐RT CYFRA and post‐RT EBV DNA levels were independent predictors of poor OS, post‐RT EBV DNA level and N classification predicted poor PFS and TDR; and only T classification predicted TLR. Patients who had pre‐RT CYFRA levels ≥ 1.5 U/mL were more likely to die (hazard ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.10–1.26) compared with patients who had pre‐RT CYFRA levels < 1.5 U/mL. There were no associations between age, post‐RT CYFRA levels and pre‐RT or post‐RT serum ferritin and β2M levels, and the survival and recurrence rates on multivariate analysis.CONCLUSIONSSerum CYFRA levels taken before RT predicted reduced survival in patients with nonmetastatic, undifferentiated NPC who underwent RT. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic impact ofTP53mutation status for adult patients with supratentorial World Health Organization Grade II astrocytoma or oligoastrocytoma
Authors: Ständer Marko , Peraud Aurelia , Leroch Barbara , Kreth Friedrich W. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe goal of the current study was to retrospectively assess the prognostic impact ofTP53mutation status and P53 expression/accumulation on long‐term outcome for adult patients with supratentorial World Health Organization (WHO) Grade II astrocytoma or oligoastrocytoma.METHODSThe authors revisited a previously published short‐term data set containing information on 159 consecutive patients who were treated between 1991 and 1998. Each patient was screened forTP53mutations and P53 overexpression/accumulation. The reference point for all analyses was the date of surgical treatment, and the date of last follow‐up examination was August 2002. Overall survival, progression‐free survival, postrecurrence survival, and time to malignant transformation were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and potential prognostic factors were evaluated using the multivariate proportional hazards model.RESULTSThe median follow‐up duration for survivors was 80.4 months (standard deviation, 33.0 months).TP53mutations, which were present in 49.1% of all tumors, occurred preferentially in gemistocytic tumors (P< 0.05). In addition, theTP53status of the primary tumor was predictive of theTP53status of the recurrent tumor in all cases of disease recurrence. The 5‐year overall and progression‐free survival rates were 77.5% and 43.2%, respectively, and the risk of malignant transformation at 5 years postsurgery was 32.7%. Unfavorable prognostic factors with respect to survival duration included older age (≥ 50 years;P< 0.002), gemistocytic subtype (P< 0.01), and positiveTP53mutation status (P< 0.05), all of which were also negatively associated with progression‐free survival (P< 0.05,P< 0.001, andP< 0.003, respectively). In contrast, positiveTP53mutation status was the only significant predictor of a reduction in time to malignant transformation (P< 0.03). P53 overexpression/accumulation did not exhibit prognostic relevance in any of the multivariate models constructed in the current study.CONCLUSIONSTP53mutations are common early events in the pathogenesis of WHO Grade II astrocytoma or oligoastrocytoma. In the current study, positiveTP53mutation status (but not P53 overexpression/accumulation) was found to be an independent unfavorable predictor of survival, progression‐free survival, and time to malignant transformation. The therapeutic implications of these findings have yet to be determined. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias
Authors: Baz Rachid , Alemany Carlos , Green Ralph , Hussein Mohamad A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo the authors' knowledge, the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among patients with plasma cell dyscrasias (PCD) is largely unknown. Identifying this vitamin deficiency in such patients could help improve their anemia and increase their tolerance to potentially neurotoxic agents.METHODSThe authors retrospectively reviewed the charts and laboratory results of 664 consecutive patients diagnosed with PCD who had their vitamin B12 and folate status evaluated between 1997 and 2001 at the Cleveland Clinic Multiple Myeloma Research Program. The patients were screened for vitamin B12 deficiency using serum vitamin B12 and methylmalonic acid.RESULTSOf the 664 patients whose medical charts were reviewed, information on vitamin B12 status was available for 522 patients (78%). Among these 522 patients, 71 (13.6%) had laboratory‐defined vitamin B12 deficiency and the remaining 451 patients (86.4%) did not. On univariate analysis, vitamin B12 deficiency correlated with immunoglobulin A (IgA) PCD (P = 0.04), higher mean corpuscular volume (P = 0.008), and longer follow‐up (P = 0.048). In a covariate adjusted model, only the presence of IgA PCD was associated with an increased prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency (P = 0.003).CONCLUSIONSVitamin B12 deficiency was prevalent in patients with PCD, especially in patients with the IgA subtype. Serum vitamin B12 measurements should be part of the initial evaluation and subsequent workups for anemia in patients with PCD. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Stroke in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mankovsky Boris N. , Ziegler Dan 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe article's objective is to review the key advances in the scientific literature related to the association of stroke with diabetes mellitus and to summarize the current approaches to stroke prevention in diabetic patients. The key findings from the literature regarding stroke incidence in patients with diabetes, specific and nonspecific risk factors of stroke in the diabetic population, such as arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, diabetes duration, diabetic complications, insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia, course and outcome of stroke in subjects with diabetes and/or hyperglycemia, and the peculiarities of type, site and size of stroke in diabetic patients are discussed. The results of recent clinical trials aimed at correcting hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, to prevent stroke in people with diabetes, are reviewed. The medical database Medline along with original articles from peer‐reviewed journals were used for analysis.There is convincing evidence suggesting that diabetes mellitus represents a strong independent risk factor of stroke. The contribution of hyperglycemia to increased stroke risk is not proven. Data suggest an association of the full cluster of the insulin resistance syndrome and stroke. Diabetes is a risk factor mainly for ischemic stroke, while its association with hemorrhagic stroke remains controversial. Hyperglycemia is common in stroke patients, but it is not known whether it independently influences the course and outcome of stroke or merely reflects stroke severity and location. Aggressive control of arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia allows to decrease the risk of stroke in diabetic patients substantially, while the importance of glucose control for stroke prevention remains unproven. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulatory gamma delta T cells in Heymann nephritis express an invariant Vγ6/Vδ1 with a canonical CDR3 sequence
Authors: Wu Huiling , Knight John F. , Alexander Stephen I 
Published: July 2004

Abstractγδ T cells are expanded in human IgA nephropathy and in a rat model of adriamycin (ADR)‐induced nephropathy. Despite different diseases and species, these renal γδ T cells use a restricted set of γδ T cell receptor (TCR) genes. To explore whether this phenomenon of post injury expansion of γδ T cells occurs in autoimmune‐mediated glomerulonephritis, we studied γδ TCR genes in Heymann nephritis (HN). γδ T cells were increased in HN kidneys (p<0.001). These γδ T cells predominantly expressed Vγ6/Vδ1 genes and used canonical matching sequences previously seen in the other models of renal injury. γδ T cells from the kidneys expressed high levels of TGF‐β, IL‐4 and IL‐5. The γδ T cells from both ADR‐treated and HN kidneys expressed NKG2D, the NK cell‐activating receptor. These results demonstrate that the majority of γδ T cells in the HN kidney use a canonical Vγ6/Vδ1 TCR – the γδ TCR previously described in the rat ADR‐treated kidney. The restriction in γδ TCR seen in two completely different models of kidney injury and the expression of an innate activating molecule NKG2D suggests that the γδ T cells may be responding to tissue stress from injury and producing a regulatory response.
Peritoneal and splenic B‐1 cells are separable by phenotypic, functional, and transcriptomic characteristics
Authors: Tumang Joseph R. , Hastings William D. , Bai Chunyan , Rothstein Thomas L. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractB‐1 cells constitute a distinct B cell population with unique phenotypic and functional characteristics. Although the origin of B‐1 cells remains controversial, B‐1 cells in different locations are generally considered to be part of the same pool. To determine the validity of this assumption, we examined peritoneal and splenic B‐1 cells isolated by flow cytometric cell sorting from normal mice for several features. We found that splenic B‐1 cells differ from peritoneal B‐1 cells in terms of surface antigen expression, viability ex vivo, immunoglobulin secretion in vitro, stimulated cell cycle progression, and expression of Notch family, Notch‐dependent, and Notch‐associated genes. These results indicate that splenic and peritoneal B‐1 cells are not the same and thus dispute the notion that B‐1 cells are uniform, and may suggest that different subpopulations of B‐1 cells arise separately, home individually, and/or are heavily influenced by local environmental factors.
New Multifunctional Complexes [Ru(κ3‐L)(EPh3)2Cl]+ [E = P, As; L = 2,4,6‐Tris(2‐pyridyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine] Containing both Group V and Polypyridyl Ligands
Authors: Sharma Sanjeev , Chandra Manish , Pandey Daya Shankar 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSynthesis, structure, reactivity and enzyme inhibitory activity of the new cationic ruthenium complexes [Ru(κ3‐L)(EPh3)2Cl]BF4 [L = 2,4,6‐tris(2‐pyridyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (tptz); E = P (1), As (2)] and their substitution products [Ru(κ3‐tptz)(PPh3)(dtc)]Cl (3), [Ru(κ3‐tptz)(PPh3)(CN)2] (4), [Ru(κ3‐tptz)(AsPh3)(dtc)]BF4 (5), and [Ru(κ3‐tptz)(AsPh3)(CN)2] (6) are reported. The complexes were characterized by analytical and spectroscopic methods and the structures of the complexes 1, 2 and 3 determined by X‐ray diffraction studies. C−H···X (X = Cl, F and S), C−H···π and π−π interactions were observed in these complexes. Further studies indicated that the complexes [Ru(κ3‐L)(EPh3)2Cl]+ could find application as precursors in the synthesis of other ruthenium complexes or as metallo‐ligands. The complexes also interact with DNA, which was illustrated by absorption titration studies with CT‐DNA and inhibition of topoisomerase II of the filarial parasite Setaria cervi. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
A novel reduction of sodium alkyl thiosulfates with InCl3(cat.)/Sm(0) system in aqueous media: Facile synthesis of disulfides
Authors: Li Pinhua , Wang Lei , Yang Yaner , Sun Xinhua , Wang Min , Yan Jincan 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA novel reduction of sodium alkyl thiosulfates with InCl3(cat.)/Sm(0) system in aqueous media has been developed, which generates the corresponding disulfides in good yields. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:376–379, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20023
Synthesis and reactivity of sulfonamides containing boronate esters
Authors: He Xiao‐Feng , Zhang Haiwen , Vogels Christopher M. , Decken Andreas , Westcott Stephen A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSulfonamides containing pinacol protected boronate ester groups have been prepared by the addition of H2NC6H4Bpin (pin = O2C2Me4) to sulfonyl chlorides p‐RC6H4SO2Cl (R = CH3, NO2). Hydrogenation of the nitro derivatives afford the corresponding sulfanilamides without compromising the aryl‐Bpin bond. The sulfanilamides were further functionalized to afford novel platinum complexes containing boranosulfonamides. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:369–375, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20025
A straightforward synthesis of novel 4H‐thiazolo[3,2‐d][1,5]benzodiazepine derivatives
Authors: Janciene Regina , Vektariene Ausra , Stumbreviciute Zita , Kosychova Lidija , Klimavicius Algirdas , Puodziunaite Benedikta D. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe novel 4H‐thiazolo[3,2‐d][1,5]benzodiazepinium salts have been synthesized in a single step by the reaction of the variously substituted 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1,5‐benzodiazepine‐2(1H)‐thiones and bromoacetaldehyde diethyl acetal. Cyclization is obviously influenced by the nature of the substituents in the benzodiazepine system. Theoretical modeling and B3LYP DFT computational studies are presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:363–368, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20026
N‐ and C‐acyclic thionuleoside analogues of 1,2,3‐triazole
Authors: Al‐Masoudi Najim A. , Al‐Soud Yaseen A. , Abdul‐Zahra Asmehan 
Published: July 2004

AbstractCycloaddition of the azide derivative 5 with 1,4‐dihydroxybutyne afforded the N‐thio‐acyclic nucleoside 6, which prepared alternatively from coupling of the bromo derivative 8 with 2‐acetoxy‐ethylmercaptan. Deblocking of 6 gave the free nucleoside 7. Mesylation of 6 furnished the dimesylate 9, which gave three rearranged products 14–16 on treatment with chloride anion. These compounds might be obtained via the episulfonium ion 10, which is subjected to nucleophilic displacement and further sulfur participation. Deblocking of 14–16 afforded the free nucleoside analogues 17–19, and their structures were confirmed by COSY, ROESY, HMQC, and HMBC NMR techniques. Compound 16 was prepared alternatively from chlorination of alcohol 6 with Ph3P‐CCl4. Carbomoylation of 6 led to the carbamate 20, which gave the free nucleoside analogue 21 on deblocking. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:380–387, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20030
Synthesis, spectroscopic exploration, biocidal activities, and crystal structures of 3‐(3‐fluorophenyl)‐2‐phenylpropenoic acid and trimethyltin(IV) complex
Authors: Sadiq‐ur‐Rehman  , Ali Saqib , Parvez Masood , Mazhar M. , Badshah Amin 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe ligand, 3‐(3‐fluorophenyl)‐2‐phenylpropenoic acid, [C15H11FO2] (I) was prepared by reacting equimolar amount of phenyl acetic acid with 3‐fluorobenzaldehyde (1:1) using Perkin condensation method. The trimethyltin(IV) carboxylate, [Me3SnO2FH10C15] (II) was synthesized by refluxing an equimolar (1:1) mixture of trimethyltin chloride and silver salt of the ligand acid, [C15H10FO2Ag] (Ia). The ligand and complex both were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, mass, 1H NMR, and X‐ray crystallographic data. On the basis of 1H NMR data, (2J[117/119Sn, 1H] and CSnC bond angle), it is concluded that the environment around the tin atom in solution is tetrahedral. The Infrared spectroscopic results showed that trimethyltin(IV) derivative has 5‐coordinated polymeric structure with bridging carboxylate groups in the solid state, which has been confirmed by the X‐ray crystallographic data. The crystal of ligand acid (I) is triclinic with space group Pbar1. However, the crystal of the complex (II) is monoclinic with space group C2/c. The geometry around the tin atom is distorted trigonal bipyramid with O(1) and O(2) atoms in apical positions. The ligand (I) and complex (II) were also tested for their biocidal activities. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:398–406, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20032
Heterocyclizations of hydroxyketones with two‐coordinated (trimethylsilylamino)phosphines, (Me3Si)2NPESiMe3
Authors: Petrov Petar Y. , Angelov Christo M. , Petrov Galin , Alexiev Alexi , Cavell Ronald G. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe reaction of two‐coordinated (trimethylsilylamino)phosphines (Me3Si)2NPESiMe3 1 (E = N) and 2 (E = CH) with hydroxycarbonyl compounds proceeded with four‐ or five‐member heterocyclization to yield derivatives of oxaphosphetane, oxaphospholanes, and oxaphospholes. The reaction rate depends on the structure of hydroxyketones as well as on the type of the two‐coordinated phosphorus compound in accordance with the polarity of the P=N and P=C bonds. Thus, reaction was completed in 30 min in the case of the ortho carbonyl phenoxy derivatives with the phosphine 1, but required 2 h in the case of the alkyl hydroxy carbonyls. All reactions with the phosphine 2 took about 24 h. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:413–417, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20033
SERS‐active Ag/SiO2 colloids: photoreduction mechanism of the silver ions and catalytic activity of the colloidal nanoparticles
Authors: Muniz‐Miranda Maurizio 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe formation of Ag clusters on silica colloidal nanoparticles was achieved by photoreduction of silver ions with visible laser irradiation. A mechanism of this process was proposed by observing the plasmon resonance bands of the silver clusters in UV–visible absorption spectroscopy. These Ag/SiO2 colloids are SERS‐active and can be used to detect products that could be formed by heterogeneous catalytic reactions of ligands adsorbed on the colloidal surface. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reflective learning and on‐line management education: a comparison of traditional and on‐line MBA students
Authors: Hay Amanda , Peltier James W. , Drago William A. 
Published: July 2004

Abstract

In recent years higher education has witnessed dramatic changes brought on by the advent of diversified forms of management education.

Advances in multi‐media and Internet technologies have generated explosive growth in on‐line learning.

The ability to engage in reflective thinking is important for managers, especially during periods of change. An important aim of management education is to develop this ability.

On‐line education has been criticized for its inability to foster critical thinking in students. A case study of an American MBA programme at the University of Wisconsin‐Whitewater is presented which compares reflective learning in on‐line and traditional classes.

Evidence is presented which dispels the myth that on‐line management education is less effective for fostering reflective thinking. The findings do suggest that reflective thinking does take different paths in on‐line versus traditional management education delivery systems.

Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of monolithic columns for HPLC
Authors: Miyabe Kanji , Guiochon Georges 
Published: July 2004

AbstractMonolithic stationary phases and columns have rapidly become highly popular separation media for liquid chromatography, in spite of their recent discovery. However, their most important features have not yet been completely clarified. A complete understanding of their performance and of their intrinsic characteristics will require the systematic acquisition of many series of reliable experimental data and their consistent analysis from different points of view. Progress in their design and production requires now that the chromatographic behavior of monolithic columns be studied in close connection with their physico‐chemical and structural properties. The main goal of this review is to summarize fundamental information on some physico‐chemical and chromatographic characteristics of monolithic stationary phases and columns for RPLC. The material reviewed deals only with silica‐based monolithic columns. First, structural information on the porosities and the size of the pores in monolithic columns is reported. Second, results of chromatographic studies that deal with the characterization of monolithic columns are summarized. Third, results of detailed studies made on the adsorption equilibrium and the surface heterogeneity of monolithic stationary phases are presented. Finally, results on the mass transfer kinetics in monolithic columns derived from the applications of the classical random‐walk model and of the moment theory to a new model of the monolith are discussed.