bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of cancer testis antigens in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines, pancreatic adenocarcinoma and chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Kubuschok Boris , Xie Xiaoxiun , Jesnowski Ralf , Preuss Klaus‐Dieter , Romeike Bernd F.M. , Neumann Frank , Regitz Evi , Pistorius Georg , Schilling Martin , Scheunemann Peter , Izbicki Jakob R. , Löhr J.‐Matthias , Pfreundschuh Michael 
Published: February 2004

AbstractIn order to define antigens that might be suitable as vaccines for pancreatic carcinoma, we investigated the composite expression of 10 cancer testis (CT) antigens (SCP‐1, NY‐ESO‐1, SSX‐1, SSX‐2, SSX‐4, GAGE, MAGE‐3, MAGE‐4, CT‐7 and CT‐8) by Reverse Transcriptase‐PCR (RT‐PCR) in fresh biopsies of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma, chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. While all CT genes were frequently expressed in cell lines derived from pancreatic cancer, no expression of MAGE‐3, SSX‐1, SSX‐2, NY‐ESO‐1 and CT‐7 was detected in fresh tumor biopsies, and MAGE‐4 (1/52), SSX‐4 (1/39) and CT‐8 (2/41) were only rarely expressed. In contrast, HOM‐TES‐14/SCP‐1 was expressed in 48% (29/61) and GAGE in 21% (13/61) of cases, respectively. One CT gene was expressed by 59% (75% in male, 46% in female patients; p = 0.05) and 2 or more CT genes by 15% of the samples. SCP‐1 protein expression correlated well with mRNA expression. While SCP‐1 and GAGE were absent in normal pancreas, they were found in 2/8 (SCP‐1) and 1/8 (GAGE) samples of chronic pancreatitis, respectively, supporting the concept of chronic pancreatitis as a premalignant condition. SCP‐1 and GAGE represent promising candidates for vaccine development in pancreatic carcinoma. Whether SCP‐1 and GAGE expression identify cases of chronic pancreatitis with a high risk of malignant transformation remains to be shown. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic and epigenetic inactivation of tax gene in adult T‐cell leukemia cells
Authors: Takeda Satoshi , Maeda Michiyuki , Morikawa Shigeru , Taniguchi Yuko , Yasunaga Jun‐ichirou , Nosaka Kisato , Tanaka Yuetsu , Matsuoka Masao 
Published: February 2004

AbstractTo clarify the status of tax gene, we analyzed human T‐cell leukemia virus type‐I (HTLV‐I) associated cell lines and fresh adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL) cells. We compared 2 types of HTLV‐I associated cell lines: one was derived from leukemic cells (leukemic cell line) and the other from nonleukemic cells (nonleukemic cell line). Although all nonleukemic cell lines expressed Tax, it could not be detected in 3 of 5 leukemic cell lines, in which nonsense mutation or deletion (60 bp) of tax genes, and DNA methylation in 5′‐LTR were identified as the responsible changes. We found such genetic changes of the tax gene in 5 of 47 fresh ATL cases (11%). The tax gene transcripts could be detected in 14 of 41 fresh ATL cases (34%) by RT‐PCR. In ATL cases with genetic changes that could not produce Tax protein, the tax gene was frequently transcribed, suggesting that such cells do not need the transcriptional silencing. Although DNA methylation of 5′‐LTR was detected in the fresh ATL cases (19 of 28 cases; 68%), the complete methylation associated with transcriptional silencing was observed only in 4 cases. Since partial methylation could not silence the transcription, and the tax gene transcription was not detected in 27 of 41 cases (66%), the epigenetic change(s) other than DNA methylation is considered to play an important role in the silencing. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduction of TSG101 protein has a negative impact on tumor cell growth
Authors: Zhu Gang , Gilchrist Ruth , Borley Nigel , Chng Hsiao Wee , Morgan Mark , Marshall John F. , Camplejohn Richard S. , Muir Gordon H. , Hart Ian R. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractTSG101 was defined originally as a tumor‐suppressor gene, raising the expectation that absence of the encoded protein should lead to increased tumor cell growth and, perhaps, increased tumor cell aggressiveness. We have used the RNA interference (RNAi) technique to downregulate TSG101 in PC3 (prostate cancer) and MDA‐MB‐231 (breast cancer) cells. An approximately 85% selective downregulation at the protein level was achieved in both cell lines over a period of 12 days as detected by Western blotting. This treatment resulted in inhibition of tumor cell growth, with a decreased level of TSG101 causing partial cell cycle arrest at the G1/S boundary and a reduction in the rate at which cells passed from G2 through mitosis and back into G1. In both cell lines, the percentage of cells in S‐phase was reduced significantly at day 4 after the TSG101 siRNA transfection (27% vs. 41% in MDA‐MB‐231 cells; 22% vs. 39% in PC3 cells). Additionally, RNAi‐mediated downregulation of TSG101 reduced the colony formation capacities of both cancer cell lines. Rather more surprisingly, TSG101 downregulation affected the migratory activity of the MDA‐MB‐231 cells, independent of any effect on proliferation. Thus, in a Transwell assay, after 4‐hr incubation, 36.0% of control MDA‐MB‐231 cells had migrated to the lower chamber vs. 7.3% of TSG101‐downregulated cells (p < 0.001; scrambled control, 36.5%). These results show that the TSG101 gene does not comply with the usual characteristics of a tumor‐suppressor gene; rather, its expression may be necessary for activities associated with aspects of tumor progression. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxytocin inhibits the progression of human ovarian carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Morita Takanori , Shibata Kiyosumi , Kikkawa Fumitaka , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Ino Kazuhiko , Mizutani Shigehiko 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe neurohypophyseal nonapeptide oxytocin (OT) is involved in many biologic functions and regulation of cell proliferation under both physiologic and neoplastic conditions. In some cases, OT exhibits an oxytocin receptor (OTR)‐mediated antiproliferative effect on cancer cells. In this study, we examined the effects of OT on ovarian carcinoma progression in vitro and in vivo. We investigated the inhibitory effects of OT on cell growth, invasion and migration in vitro. Furthermore, we examined the OT effects in vivo ovarian carcinoma model. We demonstrated OTR expressions in the large majority of ovarian carcinoma tissues, and OT inhibited not only proliferation but also migration and invasion in ovarian carcinoma cells in vitro. Furthermore, we examined the mechanisms of the antiinvasive ability of OT. Secretion of matrix metalloproteinase 2 was slightly inhibited by 10−7 M OT, while treatment with 10−7 M OT for 24 hr remarkably enhanced the expression of E‐cadherin. In addition, our in vivo study showed that intraperitoneal administration of OT resulted in the reduction of intraperitoneal dissemination of ovarian carcinoma cells. Mean tumor burden in the OT‐treated group (0.2 ± 0.11 g) was significantly (p < 0.05) less than that of physiologic saline‐treated group (0.5 ± 0.54 g). This evidence implies that OT may functionally suppress peritoneal dissemination in ovarian carcinoma. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lung cancer mortality patterns in selected Central, Eastern and Southern European countries
Authors: Tyczynski Jerzy E. , Bray Freddie , Aareleid Tiiu , Dalmas Miriam , Kurtinaitis Juozas , Plesko Ivan , Pompe‐Kirn Vera , Stengrevics Aivars , Parkin D. Maxwell 
Published: February 2004

AbstractSignificant changes in the prevalence of tobacco smoking have been observed in many European countries. EU candidate countries have also experienced major changes with respect to tobacco smoking, which have resulted in changes in the frequency of lung cancer. In men in the majority of these countries, a reduction of mortality rates has been observed recently, while in Hungary and Poland a deceleration of mortality increase was observed in the 1990s. The situation is much less favorable in females, where in the majority of countries a continuous increase of mortality rates has been observed, the only exceptions being Latvia, Lithuania and, to a lesser extent, Estonia. In Hungarian women, an acceleration of the increase rate was observed in the 1980s and 1990s (compared with the 1970s). Patterns of lung cancer mortality in analyzed countries are somewhat similar to those observed in EU member states. Recent analyses of time trends of lung cancer in EU countries showed, in general, a decreasing risk in the majority of male populations and an increase in several countries in women. If the decrease of mortality is to be achieved and maintained in the longer term, efforts have to be focused on young generations (entering adulthood now or in the near future). Despite all the difficulties present in reducing tobacco smoking in youth, it seems that one of the most important ways to reduce the future lung cancer burden in current and new EU member states is to strengthen efforts toward changing smoking attitudes in young generations. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comprehensive analysis of the contribution of germline MYH variation to early‐onset colorectal cancer
Authors: Fleischmann Christina , Peto Julian , Cheadle Jeremy , Shah Bindiya , Sampson Julian , Houlston Richard S. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractMutations in the base excision repair gene MYH have recently been shown to confer recessive susceptibility to colorectal adenomas and carcinomas. To evaluate the contribution of germline MYH mutations to early‐onset colorectal cancer, we screened a series of 358 unselected early‐onset cases for germline changes in the coding sequence of the gene. Two cases harbored biallelic germline mutations (0.6%; 95% CI = 0.06–2.0) and 8 single MYH mutations (2.2%; 95% CI = 0.9–4.4). Both cases harboring biallelic MYH mutations had multiple polyps but not profuse polyposis. All cases had distally sited tumors. No biallelic mutations were detected among 354 controls. These results confirm that biallelic MYH mutations confer susceptibility to colorectal cancer but are unlikely to account for more than 3% of early‐onset colorectal cancer. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of systemic chemotherapy with magnetic liposomal doxorubicin and a dipole external electromagnet
Authors: Nobuto Hiroo , Sugita Takashi , Kubo Tadahiko , Shimose Shoji , Yasunaga Yuji , Murakami Teruo , Ochi Mitsuo 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe development of an active drug delivery system is an attractive approach to increase the targetability of anticancer agents. In the present study, we examined the efficiency of systemic chemotherapy with small magnetic liposomes containing doxorubicin (magnetic DOX liposomes) and an externally applied electromagnetic force in osteosarcoma‐bearing hamsters. Syrian male hamsters inoculated with osteosarcoma, OS515, in the limb were studied 7 days after inoculation. The efficiency of this system was evaluated by measuring the tissue distribution and tumor‐suppressing effects of DOX on primary tumor growth and lung metastases. A DC dipole electromagnet was used, and the hamster's tumor‐bearing limb was placed between 2 poles after the i.v. administration of liposomes. The dose of DOX and the magnetic field strength were fixed at 5 mg/kg and 0.4 T, respectively. Administration of magnetic DOX liposomes followed by 60 min application of magnetic field produced a 3‐ to 4‐fold higher maximum DOX concentration in the tumor. This newly designed systemic chemotherapy significantly suppressed primary tumor growth for at least 2 weeks, though other DOX treatments also suppressed compared to control. Histologic examination confirmed a greater antitumor effect of this systemic chemotherapy compared to standard methods. In addition, this approach significantly suppressed lung metastases measured at 3 weeks posttreatment. These results suggest that this systemic chemotherapy can effectively reduce primary tumor growth and suppress lung metastasis due to increased targeting of DOX. Such targeted drug delivery for anticancer agents would provide clinical advantages compared to current methods. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of bending behavior of native and engineered auricular and costal cartilage
Authors: Roy Rani , Kohles Sean S. , Zaporojan Victor , Peretti Giuseppe M. , Randolph Mark A. , Xu Jianwei , Bonassar Lawrence J. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA large‐deflection elasticity model was used to describe the mechanical behavior of cartilaginous tissues during three‐point bending tests. Force‐deflection curves were measured for 20‐mm long × 4‐mm wide × ≈1‐mm thick strips of porcine auricular and costal cartilage. Using a least‐squares method with elastic modulus in bending as the only adjustable parameter, data were fit to a model based on the von Karman theory for large deflection of plates. This model described the data well, with an average RMS error of 14.8% and an averageR2value of 0.98. Using this method, the bending modulus of auricular cartilage (4.6 MPa) was found to be statistically lower (p< 0.05) than that of costal cartilage (7.1 MPa). Material features of the cartilage samples influenced the mechanical behavior, including the orientation of the perichondrium in auricular cartilage. These methods also were used to determine the elastic moduli of engineered cartilage samples produced by seeding chondrocytes into fibrin glue. The modulus of tissue‐engineered constructs increased statistically with time (p< 0.05), but still were statistically lower than the moduli of the native tissue samples (p> 0.05), reaching only about a third of the values of native samples. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 68A: 597–602, 2004
Cell seeding into calcium phosphate cement
Authors: Simon Carl G. , Guthrie William F. , Wang Francis W. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractTo improve the effectiveness of calcium phosphate cement (CPC), we have developed a method to seed osteoblasts into the cement. CPC powder is mixed with water to form a paste that can be shaped to fit a bone defectin situ. The paste hardens in 30 min, reacts to form hydroxyapatite, and is replaced with new bone. Reacted CPC is biocompatible but unreacted CPC paste was found to have toxic effects when placed on cell monolayers (MC3T3‐E1 cells). In contrast, when cells were indirectly exposed to CPC paste using a porous membrane or by placing a coverslip containing adherent cells onto a bed of CPC paste, the unreacted CPC was nontoxic. These results suggested that gel encapsulation of the cells might protect them from the CPC paste. Thus, cells were encapsulated in alginate beads (3.6‐mm diameter), mixed with CPC paste, and incubated overnight. Both vital staining (calcein‐AM and ethidium homodimer‐1) and the Wst‐1 assay (measures dehydrogenase activity) showed that cell survival in alginate beads that were mixed with CPC was similar to survival in untreated control beads. These results suggest that gel encapsulation could be used as a mechanism to protect cells for seeding into CPC. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 68A: 628–639, 2004
Vascularization of PEG‐grafted macroporous hydrogel sponges: A three‐dimensional in vitro angiogenesis model using human microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Dziubla T. D. , Lowman A. M. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractVascular tissue can penetrate implants that have an interconnected porous structure. The extent of vascularization is heavily dependent on a number of factors, including the nature of the material as well as the size and porosity of the implant's pore morphology. Currently, it is still not clear what mechanisms are controlling this response. In this work, in vitro human microvascular endothelial cell (HMVEC) experiments employed in angiogenesis research have been adapted as a screening technique for biomaterial vascularization. Hydrogels composed of poly(2‐hydroxy ethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) grafts were capable of supporting in vitro tubule formation. The sizes and lengths of tubules were dependent upon the porosity of the polymer network and pore sizes. When compared to the pure PHEMA sponges, PEG‐grafted networks possessed a more lattice‐type structure, with greater pore interconnection. As a result, these polymers were better suited to supporting tubule formation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 68A: 603–614, 2004
Model surfaces engineered with nanoscale roughness and RGD tripeptides promote osteoblast activity
Authors: El‐Ghannam A. R. , Ducheyne P. , Risbud M. , Adams C. S. , Shapiro I. M. , Castner D. , Golledge S. , Composto R. J. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractCell adhesion to biomaterials is a prerequisite for tissue integration with the implant surface. Herein, we show that we can generate a model silica surface that contains a minimal‐length arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid (RGD) peptide that maintains its biological activity. In the first part of this study, attachment of MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast‐like cells was investigated on silicon oxide, amine terminated substrates [i.e., 3‐aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTS)], grafted RGD, and physisorbed RGD control. The APTS layer exhibited nanoscale roughness and presented amine functional groups for grafting a minimal RGD tripeptide devoid of any flanking groups or spacers. Contact angle measurements indicated that the hydrophobicity of the APTS surface was significantly lower than that of the surface with grafted RGD (RGD–APTS). Atomic force microscopy showed that surfaces covered with RGD–APTS were smoother (Ra = 0.71 nm) than those covered with APTS alone (Ra = 1.59 nm). Focusing mainly on cell morphology, experiments showed that the RGD–APTS hybrid provided an optimum surface for cell adhesion, spreading, and cytoskeletal organization. Discrete focal adhesion plaques were also observed consistent with successful cell signaling events. In a second set of experiments, smooth, monolayers of APTS (Ra = 0.1 nm) were used to prepare arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid‐serine (RGDS)–APTS and arginine‐glycine‐glutamic acid‐serine (RGES)–APTS (control) substrates. Focusing mainly on cell function, integrin and gene expression were all enhanced for rate osteosarcoma cells on surfaces containing grafted RGDS. Both sets of studies demonstrated that grafted molecules of RGD(S) enhance both osteoblast‐like cell adhesion and function. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 68A: 615–627, 2004
Effect of excipient composition on the biocompatibility of bupivacaine‐containing microparticles at the sciatic nerve
Authors: Colombo Gaia , Langer Robert , Kohane Daniel S. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractMicroparticulate formulations are often used for experimental prolongation of nerve blockade. Here we examine the effect of excipient composition on the biocompatibility of bupivacaine‐containing microparticles. Lipid–protein–sugar particles (LPSPs) composed of 3% (1.3‐μm diameter) and 60% (4.7‐μm diameter) (w/w) dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) were produced by spray drying, containing 10% (w/w) bupivacaine. Rat sciatic nerve blocks with 75 mg of particles produced statistically similar durations of sensory nerve block [3% (w/w) DPPC particles: 301 min; 60% (w/w) DPPC particles: 321 min]. Examination of tissues 1 day after injection revealed large particle deposits and acute inflammation in animals that received 60% (w/w) DPPC particles. There were no visible deposits in those that received 3% (w/w) DPPC particles, and microscopic inflammation was reduced. The difference between groups was similar 4 days after injection. Two weeks after injection, there was no particulate mass in either group, and inflammation had largely resolved. In both groups, moderately severe myotoxicity was seen 1 and 4 days after injection but had largely resolved by 2 weeks. In summary, reduction in particles' DPPC content greatly improved biocompatibility without compromising duration of nerve blockade; the improvement was probably attributable to the enhanced rate of particle resorption. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 68A: 651–659, 2004
Osteoblast attachment and mineralized nodule formation on rough and smooth 45S5 bioactive glass monoliths
Authors: Gough J.E. , Notingher I. , Hench L.L. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractHuman primary osteoblast responses to smooth and roughened bioactive glass of 45S5 (Bioglass™) composition (46.1% SiO2, 26.9% CaO, 2.6% P2O5, 24.4% Na2O) were analysed in vitro. The smooth and rough surfaces had Ra values and peak to valley distances of 0.04, 4.397, 2.027, and 21.328 μm, respectively. Cell attachment and morphology was observed using phalloidin staining of the actin cytoskeleton and revealed significant differences between smooth and rough surfaces. Cells that were spiky in appearance on the rough compared to the smooth surface formed an organized actin matrix much later on the rough surface. Scanning electron microscopy revealed many cell filipodia extending from more rounded cell bodies on the rough surface. A significantly greater number of nodules on the rough surface was observed, and these were shown to mineralize when supplemented with beta‐glycerophosphate and dexamethasone. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite in the mineralized cultures showing a definite peak at 964 cm−1. FTIR analysis showed hydroxyapatite formation occurred more rapidly on the rough surface. This study demonstrates that although initial cell morphology was less advanced on the roughened surface, the cells were able to form mineralized nodules in greater numbers. This may have implications to bone tissue engineering using bioactive glasses. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 68A: 640–650, 2004
Patterning adhesion of mammalian cells with visible light, tris(bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) chloride, and a digital micromirror array
Authors: Luebke Kevin J. , Carter Duane E. , Garner Harold R. , Brown Kathlynn C. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractPatterns of cellular adhesion were created on a surface using novel photochemistry that is stimulated with visible light. A glass surface coated with polyethylene glycol is nonadhesive to a variety of adherent mammalian cell types. Treatment of that surface with a mixture of tris(bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) chloride, ammonium persulfate, and a tryptophan derivative or tryptophan‐bearing peptide in conjunction with irradiation with visible light (447 nm) made the surface adhesive to several cell types including mouse fibroblasts, human myoblasts, and human lung tumor cells. Immunostaining data suggest that tryptophan‐containing peptides are crosslinked intact to the surface by this chemistry, which enables patterning of peptides containing only naturally occurring amino acids. Microscopic patterns of cellular adhesion were created with this chemistry by projecting microscopic patterns of visible light with a digital micromirror array. Using this method, regions of cellular adhesion were patterned with single‐cell resolution. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 68A: 696–703, 2004