bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated spatial transcriptome and metabolism study reveals metabolic heterogeneity in human bladder cancer
Authors: Lu Yu , Ye Fangdie , Han Xuedan , Wang Zihan , Zhang Wenzhou , Qin Hai , Guo Qianqian , Zheng Lufeng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Bladder cancer (BC) is a malignancy that originates from the cells lining the bladder and is one of the most common cancers of the urinary system, capable of occurring in any part of the bladder. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the malignant transformation of BC have not been systematically studied. This study integrated cutting-edge techniques of spatial transcriptomics (ST) and spatial metabolomics (SM) to capture the transcriptomic and metabolomic landscapes of both BC and adjacent normal tissues. ST results revealed a significant upregulation of genes associated with choline metabolism and glucose metabolism, while genes related to sphingolipid metabolism and tryptophan metabolism were significantly downregulated. Additionally, significant metabolic reprogramming was observed in BC tissues, including the upregulation of choline metabolism and glucose metabolism, as well as the downregulation of sphingolipid metabolism and tryptophan metabolism. These alterations may play a crucial role in promoting tumorigenesis and immune evasion of BC. The interpretation of ST and SM data in this study offers new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying BC progression and provides valuable clues for the prevention and treatment of BC.
Dual Edge of Export Quality: Does it Boost Employment? Insights from OECD and G20 Countries
Authors: Sharma Manish Kumar , Aditya Anwesha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The quality of traded goods is crucial for entering into high-income markets and for the continuously growing and sustained earning of export revenues. However, many countries are constrained by poor quality and often face rejections and are simultaneously battling with the unemployment problem as well. While facing quality-related market entry barriers, they try to improve export quality, and an important question arises that ‘how the export quality improvement will impact their labour market?’ which is largely unexplored in existing literature. Thus, this research investigates how export quality (using three alternate indicators) impacts aggregate employment as well as skill level employment (low, high, semi and unskilled) after taking into account other potential determinants of employment, for 45 countries from G20 and OECD for the period 1990–2019. The GMM dynamic panel estimation reveals that higher export quality significantly boosts both aggregate employment and employment for low-and high-skilled workers but contrasting and more nuanced results are obtained for other skill level workers and developed and developing countries. The findings have valuable policy implications for achieving economic resilience and designing long-term employment friendly trade policies through strategic export quality improvements.
Subject classification codes: F16, F10, F66, J23, J24, O33
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-conditioned Medium Attenuated CoCl2-induced Injury of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells by Inhibiting NCOA1, HIF-1α, and Sox9
Authors: Liu Yiping , Lin Yongda , Wang Ziqiang , Tang Wenzhuang , Liao Chunling , Zhou Tianbiao 
Published: January 2025

Backgrounds:
Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) constitutes the ultimate pathological alteration in
nearly all chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium (MSC-CM) exhibits
an alleviating impact on renal fibrosis; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The objective of
this study was to explore whether MSC-CM regulates the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA),
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), Nuclear receptor coactivators
(NCOA1), and SRY-related high mobility (Sox9).

Methods:
Rat renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs), NRK-52E, were treated with diverse concentrations of
Cobalt chloride (CoCl2) for 24 hours. The survival rate and protein expression of NRK-52E cells exposed to
different concentrations of CoCl2 were determined to identify the final concentration. Three groups of
NRK-52E cells were employed in the experiment: the normal control group, the 400 μM CoCl2 group, and the
MSC-CM + 400 μM CoCl2 group. The cell morphology was observed by an inverted phase contrast microscope
and scanning electron microscope, and the protein expressions of α-SMA, TGF-β1, HIF-1α, NCOA1,
and Sox9 were detected.

Result:
The microscopic findings demonstrated that MSC-CM was able to decrease the degree of cytochemical
hypoxia damage in NRK-52E cells induced by CoCl2. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses also
affirmed a similar tendency. The upregulation of α-SMA, TGF-β1, HIF-1α, NCOA1, and Sox9 triggered by
CoCl2 could be inhibited following MSC-CM intervention.

Conclusion:
Our findings indicate that MSC-CM exerts a protective effect on RTECs by down-regulating α-SMA,
TGF-β1, HIF-1α, NCOA1, and Sox9.
Design of VEGFR2 Inhibitors: Construction and Screening of Virtual
Compound Libraries
Authors: Luo Yixin , Hu Chunqi 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
The current use of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR-2)
inhibitors is often limited by low selectivity and adverse side effects, highlighting the urgent need for
novel, highly selective agents targeting this receptor.

Methods:
Based on existing VEGFR-2 inhibitors, we employed computer-aided drug design
(CADD) techniques to develop a virtual compound library using active docking fragments. Molecular
docking was performed using the configuration of VEGFR-2 as the receptor protein(PDB:4ASD).
Comparative analysis and screening identified the most promising inhibitor, which was subsequently
validated through molecular dynamics simulations.

Results::
From the virtual library, 10 potential highly active inhibitors were identified. In particular,
Compound 9 demonstrated strong binding affinity with the protein configuration, forming four hydrogen
bonds during docking. The calculated CODOCKER energy was 39.7315 kcal/mol, with an
RMSD of 0.4634 nm and RMSF of 0.3234 nm. Compared to Sorafenib, Compound 9 exhibited superior
docking selectivity and activity.

Conclusion:
Computational analyses suggest that Compound 9 is a promising candidate as a highly
selective VEGFR-2 inhibitor. Nonetheless, due to the inherent limitations of in silico docking studies,
further chemical synthesis and experimental biological validation are required to confirm its
potential.
Morphology and Distribution of Fat Globules in Osteomyelitis on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Xie Li-Yuan , Cao Lei , Wu Wen-Juan , Liu Ji-Cun , Zhao Na , Zheng Yong-Li , Zhu Xiao-Na , Gao Bu-Lang , Han Gui-Fen 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphology and distribution characteristics of fat globules in osteomyelitis on magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI).

Materials and Methods:
Patients with pathologically-confirmed osteomyelitis and MRI scans were retrospectively enrolled, and fat globules on the MRI images were
analyzed.

Results:
Among 103 patients with non-traumatic osteomyelitis, 75 were fat globule negative and 28 were positive. There was no statistically significant
difference in age and gender between patients with and without fat globules (p>0.05). The inflammatory indicators (CRP, ESR, WBC, and NEUT)
in the fat globule positive group were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those in the negative group. The lesions were mainly located in the long
bones of the limbs in patients with positive fat globules. Twenty-eight patients (27.2% or 28/103) were detected to have fat globules on MRI
images, including 20 males (71%) and 8 females (29%) aged 5-64 years (mean 16 years). The time from onset to MRI examination was 8 days to 4
months. The location of fat globules was in the tibia in 10 patients (35.7%), femur in 8 (28.6%), humerus in 4 (14.3%), radius in 2 (7.1%), ulna in 1
(3.6%), calcaneus in 1 (3.6%), sacrum in 1 (3.6%), and fibula in 1 patient (3.6%). On MRI imaging, 28 cases (100%) showed widely distributed
patches or tortuous and sinuous abnormal signals in the bone marrow. In 25 cases (89.2%), a grid-like abnormal signal was found in the
subcutaneous soft tissue. In 21 patients (75%), pus was found in the adjacent extraosseous soft tissues. Among 28 patients with fat globules, 17
patients (60.7%) had fat globules only in the adjacent extraosseous soft tissue, 6 patients (21.4%) had only intraosseous fat globules [including 5
cases with halo signs around the fat globules and 1 case (3.6%) with fat globules located at the edge of the pus cavity inside the bone without a
halo sign], and 5 patients (17.8%) had both intraosseous and extraosseous fat globules. Of 6 patients (21.4% or 6/28) with liquid levels, the liquid
level appeared outside the bone.

Conclusion:
The appearance of fat globules on MRI in patients with osteomyelitis indicates severe infection. Fat globules of osteomyelitis may present with
diverse shapes inside and outside the bone marrow as one of the MRI signs of osteomyelitis, with a probability of approximately 27.2%. They have
high specificity in diagnosing osteomyelitis and can be used for diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
Sonographic Features of Juvenile Fibroadenoma in Children-a Retrospective Study
Authors: Shi Jian , Chen Luzeng , Ye Jingming , Zhang Shuang , Zhang Hong , Shao Yuhong , Sun Xiuming 
Published: January 2025

Aims:
Studies specifically examining the sonographic features of juvenile fibroadenoma in the pediatric population have not been documented. We aimed
to analyze sonograms of juvenile fibroadenoma in children.

Subjects and Methods:
Patients aged ≤ 18 years who underwent breast ultrasound examinations at our department and had pathologically proven juvenile fibroadenoma
from September 2002 to January 2022 were included in this study. Demographic data, clinical findings, and sonograms were retrospectively
analyzed. Patients were further divided into the puberty and post-puberty subgroups, and their results were compared.

Results:
A total of 24 girls aged 10-18 years with 27 masses diagnosed as juvenile fibroadenomas were identified. The diameter of the masses averaged 5.8
± 3.3 cm, with a range of 1.5-13.6 cm. Twenty-one (87.5%) patients had a single mass and 3 had double lesions. Over 80% of the lesions were
oval-shaped and encapsulated with circumscribed margins and parallel orientation. All masses showed internal hypoechogenicity, either uniform or
heterogeneous. For masses that had a diameter > 5 cm, screening with high-frequency transducers revealed no posterior acoustic features or
posterior shadowing. However, these features changed to posterior acoustic enhancement when the masses were re-evaluated using low-frequency
transducers. Ultrasonic color Doppler showed blood flow in 24 (88.9%) masses. There were no significant differences in the incidence and
sonographic features between the two subgroups.

Conclusion:
Most juvenile fibroadenomas in children are oval, circumscribed, encapsulated masses with detectable blood flow. All juvenile fibroadenomas
presented in this study exhibit internal hypoechogenicity with no posterior acoustic shadowing detected in any cases. Our findings suggest that
screening with low-frequency transducers should be performed for a mass that has a diameter > 5 cm.
A Comparison of the Diagnostic Value of Multiorgan Point-of-care Ultrasound between High-risk and Medium-to-low-risk Pulmonary Embolism Cases
Authors: Wu Weihua , Yu Zhenfei , Cheng Kang , Xie Manqiong , Fang Shunjin , Zhu Jianfeng 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
This study aimed to explore the diagnostic value of multiorgan (heart, lungs, blood vessels) point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) in patients with
high-risk and medium-to-low-risk pulmonary embolism (PE).

Methods:
Clinical data of 92 patients with suspected PE, admitted to Hangzhou TCM Hospital affiliated with Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from July
2021 to June 2023, were retrospectively analyzed. According to hemodynamic status, patients were divided into the high-risk (n=28) and the
medium-to-low-risk groups (n=64). Using computed tomography (CT) and pulmonary angiography (CTPA) as the gold standard, all patients
underwent multiorgan PoCUS examination. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of different methods for diagnosing PE, as well as the time
difference between multiorgan PoCUS examination and CTPA, were compared. Differences in measurement values of relevant indicators in all
groups were analyzed.

Results:
In the high-risk group of patients, CTPA identified 15 cases of PE. In contrast, the PoCUS examination confirmed PE diagnosis in 14 cases (true
positive), while 10 cases were diagnosed as true negative, one case as false negative, and three cases as false positive. In the medium-to-low-risk
group, CTPA identified 50 patients with PE, while multiorgan PoCUS confirmed PE diagnosis in 33 cases (true positive), and identified 9 true
negative, 17 false negative, and 5 false positive PE cases. Kappa test of the consistency between the results of multiorgan PoCUS and CTPA
showed that multiorgan PoCUS had higher sensitivity, negative predictive value, and accuracy in the high-risk group compared to the medium-tolow-
risk group (p<0.05). Cohen's Kappa value of the high-risk group was 0.710, indicating moderate consistency between PoCUS and CTPA
results, while Cohen's Kappa value of 0.231 for the medium and low-risk group indicated poor consistency. There was a significant difference in
ultrasound parameters between the high-risk and the medium-to-low-risk group (p<0.05). The time required for multiorgan PoCUS in both groups
was significantly shorter than that for the CTPA. There was no significant difference in the time required for PoCUS between the two groups
(p>0.05).

Conclusion:
Multiorgan PoCUS has been found to have higher sensitivity and accuracy in diagnosing patients with high-risk PE compared to those with
medium-to-low-risk PE, and a shorter imaging time compared to CTPA.
Intranasal Sodium Valproate: A New Frontier in Epilepsy Therapy
Authors: Khan Imran , Singh Aditya , Ansari Vaseem Ahamad , Ansari Tarique Mahmood , Ahsan Farogh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
Epilepsy, a prevalent neurological disorder, affects approximately 1% of the Indian
population, presenting a significant challenge in clinical management. Noninvasive treatment options are actively being explored, with nose-to-brain drug delivery emerging as a promising approach for effective epilepsy control. This comprehensive review delves into the potential of intranasal nanotherapy, focusing on its applicability in managing epilepsy. A key component of this
review is an in-depth analysis of sodium valproate (SVS), a widely prescribed antiepileptic drug
known for its effectiveness in treating epilepsy as well as various mental health conditions, such
as bipolar disorder and migraine. The review examines the chemical structure, pharmacological
properties, and diverse therapeutic uses of SVS, highlighting its role as a GABA amplifier. Special attention is given to emerging nanoparticle-based intranasal formulations, which show promise for enhanced brain delivery and improved therapeutic outcomes in epilepsy treatment. Furthermore, it discusses the associated compounds in SVS and their potential impact on its pharmacological profile, including possible side effects, drug interactions, and adverse effects. The importance of precise dosing and rigorous medical monitoring is emphasized to minimize risks. Detailed analyses of the anatomy of the nasal cavity, drug deposition mechanisms, and mucociliary
clearance are carried out to illustrate the challenges in optimizing drug delivery via this route. The
unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of divalproex sodium, a formulation of
valproic acid, are explored, with insights into its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) characteristics. The review also highlights its broad-spectrum antiepileptic effects
and regulation of the GABAergic system, offering a comprehensive understanding of its therapeutic efficacy. The findings underscore the potential of intranasal nanotherapies as an innovative
and effective strategy for epilepsy management.
Transforming Polymers: Innovative Physical and Chemical Modification Techniques for Advanced Functional Applications
Authors: Panda Pratikeswar , Mohapatra Rajaram 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
Polymer modification encompasses a diverse array of techniques aimed at enhancing the
physical and chemical properties of polymers, thereby expanding their applicability across various
fields. Physical modification methods include self-assembled monolayers, radiation-induced surface
modifications, UV irradiation, γ-irradiation, and laser-induced surface modifications. These techniques primarily focus on altering surface properties and enhancing characteristics such as strength,
toughness, and thermal stability through non-chemical means. Chemical modification methods, on
the other hand, involve reactions that change the polymer’s chemical structure. Common chemical
reactions used in polymer modification include PEGylation, conjugation, wet chemical oxidation
treatments, and plasma treatments. These processes introduce new functional groups, improve compatibility with other materials, and tailor properties like solubility, adhesion, and biodegradability.
Despite the significant advancements in polymer modification techniques, challenges such as maintaining polymer integrity, controlling modification precision, and ensuring scalability persist. This
review provides a comprehensive overview of both physical and chemical polymer modification
methods, discussing their mechanisms, applications, and the challenges involved, thereby highlighting their critical role in the development of advanced materials for industrial, biomedical, and environmental applications.
The Involvement of the NEAT1-1/miR-873-5p/GalNAcT-I Axis in the Development of Neuroblastoma
Authors: Hu Zhigang , Wang Huiming , Wang Juan , Fang Yanbin , Sun Chi , Yang Xiaofeng , Xu Weili 
Published: January 2025

Background:
The most prevalent extracranial solid tumor in childhood is neuroblastoma (NB), which arises from undifferentiated neural crest cells. However,
the prognosis of this condition remains unfavorable, and the underlying mechanisms of its origin are still elusive. Therefore, this study aimed to
investigate the specific mechanism underlying NEAT1-1 in NB.

Methods:
In this study, the expressions of NEAT1-1, miR-873-5p, and GalNAcT-I were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR)
and Western blot (WB). Then, CCK-8 assays were conducted to evaluate the proliferation of NB cells. The Transwell assay was then
performed to evaluate the invasion and migration of NB cells. Further, flow cytometry was utilized for the detection of cell apoptosis. Furthermore,
the luciferase reporter gene assay was carried out to investigate the relationship between NEAT1-1 and miR-873-5p, as well as between
miR-873-5p and GalNAcT-I. In contrast, an RNA-pull-down assay was conducted to confirm the regulatory relationship between NEAT1-1 and
miR-873-5p. The effect of NEAT1-1 on tumor growth in vivo was detected in the BALB/c nude mice model.

Results:
The qRT-PCR analysis revealed a significantly upregulated expression of NEAT1-1 in NB tumors compared to adjacent non-tumor tissue specimens. Suppression of NEAT1-1 resulted in the inhibition of tumor characteristics and induction of apoptosis in NB cells through the targeted regulation of miR-873-5p. Moreover, NEAT1-1 exerted its regulatory effect on GalNAcT-I protein levels by acting as a sponge for miR-873-5p in NB cells. Importantly, the downregulation of NEAT1-1 effectively suppressed tumor growth in vivo.

Conclusion:
Collectively, our findings suggest that the down-regulation of NEAT1-1 exerts a suppressive effect on NB progression by modulating the miR-873-5p/GalNAcT-I pathway, thereby providing novel insights into elucidating the underlying mechanisms of NB.
Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Vildagliptin Microspheres Using Pectin and Xanthan Gum as Polymers
Authors: Manubolu Krishnaveni , Peeriga Raveesha 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase 4-related inhibitor that is often utilised in the treatment of type-2 diabetes. It is possible that sustained
therapeutic levels of vildagliptin for a prolonged length of time might be achieved by controlled release of the drug in the gastrointestinal system,
which would result in an improvement in the efficacy of treatment. Due to their high biocompatibility and biodegradability, biopolymers, such as
alginate (sodium), pectin, and xanthan gum, are frequently utilized in drug delivery systems. This is because these biopolymers are good
alternatives for the development of controlled-release formulations.

Aim:
This study aimed to formulate and in vitro evaluate the vildagliptin microsphere using pectin and xanthan gum.

Materials and Methods:
The delivery of vildagliptin was accomplished by the development of beads that were constituted of sodium alginate-pectin and sodium alginatexanthan
gum. Adjusting the proportions of sodium alginate, pectin, and xanthan gum resulted in the production of pH-sensitive beads throughout
the synthesis. This was accomplished through the use of a calcium chloride (CaCl2)-induced ionic gelation approach.

Results:
The FTIR revealed the compatibility of medicines and polymers. The synthesized beads were tested for scanning electron microscopy, differential
scanning calorimetry, drug content, swelling ratio, and in vitro dissolution analysis. The microscopic pictures showed beads of spherical shape and
mostly semi-spherical with a broken and rough surface. Swelling was found to be pH-dependent, indicating that water absorption might be minimal
in an acid medium and high in an alkaline pH condition. The in-vitro dissolving study depicted controlled drug release.

Conclusion:
This study recorded the successful formulation of vildagliptin microspheres using sodium alginate, pectin, and xanthan beads for the controlled
release of vildagliptin.
The Effect of Training on Access Employment of Pre-Employment Card Participants
Authors: Awinda Siti Nur Arliya , Syafitri Wildan 
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine the effect of pre-employment card training at the Cybers Academy Institute in increasing a person's chances of getting access to employment. By using primary data, namely online surveys given to alumni of Cybers Academy training participants. The results of logistic regression analysis show that participants who take training at Cybers Academy have a greater tendency to get access to employment. Furthermore, in the age group, age 26 years and over has an influence on job access. Participants who have previous work experience and attended training at Cybers Academy have a greater chance of gaining access to employment. Meanwhile, participants who live in the city and attend training have a greater chance of finding job access.

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan kartu pra kerja di Cybers Academy Institute dalam meningkatkan peluang seseorang mendapatkan akses pekerjaan. Dengan menggunakan data primer yaitu survei online yang diberikan kepada alumni peserta pelatihan Cybers Academy. Hasil analisis regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa peserta yang mengikuti pelatihan di Cybers Academy memiliki kecenderungan lebih besar untuk mendapatkan akses pekerjaan. Selanjutnya pada kelompok umur, umur 26 tahun ke atas mempunyai pengaruh terhadap akses kerja. Peserta yang memiliki pengalaman kerja sebelumnya dan mengikuti pelatihan di Cybers Academy memiliki peluang lebih besar untuk mendapatkan akses pekerjaan. Sedangkan peserta yang berdomisili di kota dan mengikuti pelatihan mempunyai peluang lebih besar untuk mendapatkan akses pekerjaan.