bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurse assistants' experiences and knowledge of how they create a meaningful daily life for older persons receiving municipal home healthcare
Authors: James Inger , Pejner Margaretha Norell , Kihlgren Annica 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo explore nurse assistants' experiences and knowledge of how they create a meaningful daily life for older people receiving municipal home healthcare.DesignA participatory appreciative action reflection approach.MethodsInterviews, participant observations and informal conversations with 23 nurse assistants in municipal home healthcare generated the data. A thematic analysis was used.ResultsTwo main themes were developed. The first main theme, building a reciprocal relationship, was structured by three subthemes: To strengthen the older person's self‐esteem, to co‐create care and to create equality. The second main theme, creating meaning, was structured by two subthemes: To create closeness and to receive appreciation. The two main themes are each other's prerequisite. Nursing assistants' building reciprocal relationships gives meaning; through the meaning, reciprocal relationships are achieved, and by that, meaningful daily lives for both the older people and the nurse assistants.ConclusionNurse assistants built a reciprocal relationship both for the older people and for the nurse assistant. This contributes to create a meaningful daily life for the older people. The older person was the main character, and it seems that the nurse assistants apply person‐centred care, which can represent a shared common vision that can be used in the encounter.
Locals’ support for integration policies and asylum seekers’ rights: Exploring a normative model of support for Syrians in Turkey
Authors: Duman Yasin , Coşkan Canan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSyrian asylum seekers in Turkey have been trying to adapt to their new life circumstances despite unclear integration and resettlement policies and high levels of discrimination and exclusion. We argue that fostering integration and asylum seekers’ rights requires a bottom‐up normative approach that considers members of the receiving society as active agents of these processes. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the role of normative social context as well as sociopsychological antecedents among citizens of Turkey in facilitating their support for governmental integration policies and Syrian asylum seekers’ rights. A survey study was conducted with 202 residents in three cities, namely Bursa, Mardin, and Hatay, representing different geographical, ethnic, and cultural components in Turkey (i.e., Turkish, Kurdish, Arab, and Kurdish‐Arab). We specifically examined whether the normative context as perceived by residents' pro‐diversity norms in their city and generalized attitudes toward minorities predict their expectations of governmental integration policy for Syrians and support for their rights. Furthermore, we tested the mediating roles of valuing contact with Syrians and acceptance of their presence and stay in these relations. Parallel mediation analyses indicated that residents' perceived pro‐diversity norms in the city predict lower expectations from the government regarding Syrian asylum seekers' integration and lower support for Syrians' rights through lower acceptance of Syrians' stay. Furthermore, positive feelings toward other minority groups predicted higher expectations for governmental policies regarding Syrian asylum seekers' accommodation through both higher importance attributed to contact with Syrians, and higher acceptance of Syrians' stay in Turkey. These findings suggest that considering the attitudes toward existing minority groups among the members of the receiving society can be crucial in designing psychosocial interventions aimed at fostering a supportive environment for the newcomers. However, they also indicate caution regarding the taken‐for‐granted role of pro‐diversity beliefs among the residents, especially in societies with complex intergroup relations.
Associations between physical fitness and cerebellar gray matter volume in adolescents
Authors: Jalanko Petri , Säisänen Laura , Kallioniemi Elisa , Könönen Mervi , Lakka Timo A. , Määttä Sara , Haapala Eero A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite the importance of the developing cerebellum on cognition, the associations between physical fitness and cerebellar volume in adolescents remain unclear. We explored the associations of physical fitness with gray matter (GM) volume of VI, VIIb and Crus I & II, which are cerebellar lobules related to cognition, in 40 (22 females; 17.9 ± 0.8 year‐old) adolescents, and whether the associations were sex‐specific. Peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) and power were assessed by maximal ramp test on a cycle ergometer, muscular strength with standing long jump (SLJ), speed‐agility with the shuttle‐run test (SRT), coordination with the Box and Block Test (BBT) and neuromuscular performance index (NPI) as the sum of SLJ, BBT and SRT z‐scores. Body composition was measured using a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Cerebellar volumes were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. V̇O2peak relative to lean mass was inversely associated with the GM volume of the cerebellum (standardized regression coefficient (β) = −0.038, 95% confidence interval (CI) ‐0.075 to 0.001, p = 0.044). Cumulative NPI was positively associated with the GM volume of Crus I (β = 0.362, 95% CI 0.045 to 0.679, p = 0.027). In females, better performance in SRT was associated with a larger GM volume of Crus I (β = −0.373, 95% CI ‐0.760 to −0.028, p = 0.036). In males, cumulative NPI was inversely associated with the GM volume of Crus II (β = −0.793, 95% CI ‐1.579 to −0.008 p = 0.048). Other associations were nonsignificant. In conclusion, cardiorespiratory fitness, neuromuscular performance and speed‐agility were associated with cerebellar GM volume, and the strength and direction of associations were sex‐specific.
Effects of a 12‐week gait retraining program on the Achilles tendon adaptation of habitually shod runners
Authors: Zhang Xini , Deng Liqin , Xiao Songlin , Fu Weijie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study investigated the effects of a 12‐week gait retraining program on the morphological and mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon (AT) during running on the basis of real‐time dynamic ultrasound imaging.MethodsA total of 30 male recreational runners who were used to wearing cushioned shoes with a rearfoot strike (RFS) pattern were recruited. They were randomized into a retraining group (RG, n = 15) and a control group (CG, n = 15). The RG group was asked to run in five‐fingered minimalist shoes with a forefoot strike (FFS) pattern, and the CG group was asked to keep their strike pattern. Three training sessions were performed per week. All the participants in RG uploaded running tracks obtained through a mobile application (.jpg) after each session for training supervision. The ground reaction force, kinematics, and kinetics of the ankle joint at 10 km/h were collected using an instrumented split‐belt treadmill and a motion capture system. The morphological (length and cross‐sectional area) and mechanical characteristics (force, stress, strain, etc.) of AT in vivo were recorded and calculated with a synchronous ultrasonic imaging instrument before and after the intervention. Repeated two‐way ANOVA was used to compare the aforementioned parameters.ResultsA total of 28 participants completed the training. The strike angle of RG after training was significantly smaller than that before training and significantly smaller than that of CG after training (F (1, 13) = 23.068, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.640). The length (F (1, 13) = 10.086, p = 0.007, partial η2 = 0.437) and CSA (F (1, 13) = 7.475, p = 0.017, partial η2 = 0.365) of AT in RG increased after training. A significant main effect for time was observed for the time‐to‐peak AT force (F (1, 13) = 5.225, p = 0.040, partial η2 = 0.287), average (F (1, 13) = 7.228, p = 0.019, partial η2 = 0.357), and peak AT loading rate (F (1, 13) = 11.687, p = 0.005, partial η2 = 0.473).ConclusionPreliminary evidence indicated that a 12‐week gait retraining program could exert a beneficial effect on AT. 57% (8/14) runners in RG shifted from RFS to FFS pattern. Although not all runners were categorized as FFS pattern after the intervention, their foot strike angle was reduced. Retraining primarily positively promoted AT morphological properties (i.e., CSA and length) to strengthen AT capability for mechanical loading.
Red blood cell alloimmunization in myelodysplastic syndromes: Associations with sex, DAT‐positivity, and increased transfusion needs
Authors: Rydén Jenny , Clements Mark , Wikman Agneta , Hellström‐Lindberg Eva , Edgren Gustaf , Höglund Petter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundMany patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) need repeated red blood cell transfusions which entails a risk of immunization and antibody formation. Associations between alloantibodies, autoantibodies and increased transfusion requirements have been reported, but their relationship remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed factors potentially associated with red blood cell alloimmunization, as well as changes in transfusion intensity and post‐transfusion hemoglobin increments.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study, we linked Swedish MDS patients diagnosed between 2003 and 2017 to transfusion and immunohematology data. Potentially associated factors were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression. The transfusion rate after detected alloimmunization was analyzed using a fixed effects Poisson regression. Post‐transfusion hemoglobin increments before and after alloimmunization were compared using a mixed effects regression.ResultsAlloantibodies following MDS diagnosis were detected in 50 out of 429 patients (11.7%). Female sex and a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) were independently associated with alloimmunization, with hazard ratios of 2.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–3.78) and 9.72 (95% CI, 5.31–17.74), respectively. The transfusion rate following alloimmunization was increased with an incidence rate ratio of 1.33 (95% CI, 0.98–1.80) and the post‐transfusion hemoglobin increment after alloimmunization was 1.40 g/L (95% CI, 0.52–2.28) lower per red blood cell unit (p = .002) compared to before alloimmunization, in multivariable analyses.DiscussionAlloimmunization against blood group antigens was associated with sex, DAT‐positivity, increased transfusion needs, and lower post‐transfusion hemoglobin increments. These findings warrant further investigation to evaluate the clinical significance of up‐front typing and prophylactic antigen matching in patients with MDS.
Risk factors for T‐cell lymphopenia in frequent platelet donors: The BEST collaborative study
Authors: Kaufman Richard M. , Marks Denese C. , Flamand Yael , Acker Jason P. , Brown Bethany L. , Olafson Carly , Marschner Susanne , Pandey Suchitra , Papari Mona , Petraszko Tanya , Serrano Katherine , Ward Dawn , Bazin Renée ,   for the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion Collaborative
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundSevere T‐cell lymphopenia of uncertain clinical significance has been observed in frequent apheresis platelet donors. Two commonly used plateletpheresis instruments are the Trima Accel, which uses a leukoreduction system (LRS) chamber to trap leukocytes and the Fenwal Amicus, which does not use an LRS chamber.Study Design and MethodsWe performed an international, multicenter, observational study comparing T‐cell populations in frequent platelet donors collected exclusively using the Trima instrument (n = 131) or the Amicus instrument (n = 77). Age‐ and sex‐matched whole blood donors (n = 126) served as controls.ResultsCD4+ T‐cell counts <200 cells/μL were found in 9.9% of frequent Trima (LRS+) platelet donors, 4.4% of frequent Amicus (LRS−) platelet donors, and 0 whole blood donors (p < .0001). CD4+ T‐cell counts <200 cells/μL were only seen in platelet donors with ≥200 lifetime donations. In multivariable analysis, age, lifetime donations, and instrument (Trima vs. Amicus) were independent risk factors for lymphopenia. In 40 Trima platelet donors, a plasma rinseback procedure was routinely performed following platelet collections. No Trima platelet donors receiving plasma rinseback had a CD4+ T‐cell count <200 cells/μL versus 13/91 Trima platelet donors not receiving plasma rinseback (p = .01).DiscussionRecurrent bulk lymphocyte removal appears to contribute to the development of T‐cell lymphopenia in frequent, long‐term platelet donors. Lymphopenia is more common when an LRS chamber is used during platelet collection but can occur without an LRS chamber. Blood centers using LRS chambers can mitigate donor lymphopenia by performing plasma rinseback.
Continuous stable regularity
Authors: Chavarria Nicolas , Conant Gabriel , Pillay Anand 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe prove an analytic version of the stable graph regularity lemma by Malliaris and Shelah (Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 366 (2014), no. 3, 1551–1585), which applies to stable functions . Our methods involve continuous model theory and, in particular, results on the structure of local Keisler measures for stable continuous formulas. Along the way, we develop some basic tools around ultraproducts of metric structures and linear functionals on continuous formulas, and we also describe several concrete families of examples of stable functions.
Roles of endothelial prostaglandin I2 in maintaining synchronous spontaneous Ca2+ transients in rectal capillary pericytes
Authors: Mitsui Retsu , Miwa‐Nishimura Kyoko , Hashitani Hikaru 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn hollow visceral organs, capillary pericytes appear to drive spontaneous Ca2+ transients in the upstream arterioles. Here, mechanisms underlying the intercellular synchrony of pericyte Ca2+ transients were explored. Ca2+ dynamics in NG2 chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (NG2)‐expressing capillary pericytes were examined using rectal mucosa–submucosa preparations of NG2‐GCaMP6 mice. Spontaneous Ca2+ transients arising from endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release were synchronously developed amongst capillary pericytes in a gap junction blocker (3 μM carbenoxolone)‐sensitive manner and could spread into upstream vascular segments. Spontaneous Ca2+ transients were suppressed by the Ca2+‐activated Cl− channel (CaCC) blocker niflumic acid and their synchrony was diminished by a TMEM16A inhibitor (3 μM Ani9) in accordance with TMEM16A immunoreactivity in pericytes. In capillaries where cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 immunoreactivity was expressed in endothelium but not pericytes, non‐selective COX inhibitors (1 μM indomethacin or 10 μM diclofenac) or COX‐2 inhibitor (10 μM NS 398) disrupted the synchrony of spontaneous Ca2+ transients and raised the basal Ca2+ level. Subsequent prostaglandin I2 (PGI2; 100 nM) or the KATP channel opener levcromakalim restored the synchrony with a reduction in the Ca2+ level. PGI2 receptor antagonist (1 μM RO1138452) also disrupted the synchrony of spontaneous Ca2+ transients and increased the basal Ca2+ level. Subsequent levcromakalim restored the synchrony and reversed the Ca2+ rise. Thus, the synchrony of spontaneous Ca2+ transients in pericytes appears to be developed by the spread of spontaneous transient depolarisations arising from the opening of TMEM16A CaCCs. Endothelial PGI2 may play a role in maintaining the synchrony, presumably by stabilising the resting membrane potential in pericytes.
imageKey points
Capillary pericytes in the rectal mucosa generate synchronous spontaneous Ca2+ transients that could spread into the upstream vascular segment.
Spontaneous Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) triggers the opening of Ca2+‐activated Cl− channel TMEM16A and resultant depolarisations that spread amongst pericytes via gap junctions, establishing the synchrony of spontaneous Ca2+ transients in pericytes.
Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), which is constitutively produced by the endothelium depending on cyclooxygenase‐2, appears to prevent premature ER Ca2+ releases in the pericytes allowing periodic, regenerative Ca2+ releases.
Endothelial PGI2 may maintain the synchrony of pericyte activity by stabilising pericyte resting membrane potential by opening of KATP channels.
Case Commentary: An espresso, a free puppy, and multidrug-resistant
Campylobacter
Authors: Musick William L. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Campylobacter
species infections in immunocompromised patients have the potential to progress to bacteremia and other extra-intestinal diseases. There is a sparsity of robust data, including antibiotic susceptibility data for contemporary agents, upon which to base treatment decisions. Moreover, intrinsic antimicrobial resistance in
Campylobacter
spp. further limits treatment options. The current publication by Bonilla-Moreno et al. elaborates on this clinical dilemma through the development, treatment, and molecular investigation of the putative mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in an immunocompromised patient with
Campylobacter coli
bacteremia.
4-Octyl itaconate reduces influenza A replication by targeting the nuclear export protein CRM1
Authors: Ribó-Molina Pau , Weiss Hauke J. , Susma Balasubramanian , van Nieuwkoop Stefan , Persoons Leentje , Zheng Yunan , Ruzek Melanie , Daelemans Dirk , Fouchier Ron A. M. , O'Neill Luke A. J. , van den Hoogen Bernadette G. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
In recent years, especially since the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic, the cell-permeable itaconate derivative 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI) has gained traction as a potential antiviral agent. Here, we demonstrate that 4-OI inhibits replication of multiple influenza A viruses (IAV) by restricting nuclear export of viral ribonucleoproteins, a key step in the IAV replication cycle. This nuclear retention is achieved by deactivation and subsequent degradation of chromosomal maintenance 1 protein (CRM1), also known as exportin 1 (XPO1), a host cell protein exploited by IAV during replication. 4-OI-mediated deactivation of CRM1 resulted in the accumulation of the IAV nucleoprotein, the Rev protein of feline immunodeficiency virus, as well as the natural CRM1 cargos p53 and p65, in the nucleus of treated cells. Further mechanism of action studies revealed that, similar to known CRM1 inhibitors, 4-OI modifies a key cysteine in the cargo binding pocket of CRM1 at position 528 through an alkylation reaction called 2,3-dicarboxypropylation. Subsequent studies in a cell line in which the cysteine at position 528 in CRM1 protein was substituted by a serine confirmed that modification of this residue was indeed the cause for the observed inhibitory effect induced by 4-OI on CRM1 function. Overall, this study demonstrated a mechanism through which 4-OI directly interferes with the replication cycle of CRM1-dependent viruses, which contributes to the understanding of the antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties of this multifaceted immuno-metabolite.

IMPORTANCE
Itaconate derivates, as well as the naturally produced metabolite, have been proposed as antivirals against influenza virus. Here, the mechanism behind the antiviral effects of exogenous 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI), a derivative of itaconate, against the influenza A virus replication is demonstrated. The data indicate that 4-OI targets the cysteine at position 528 of the CRM1 protein, resulting in inhibition of the nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes in a similar manner as previously described for other selective inhibitors of nuclear export. These results postulate a mechanism not observed before for this immuno-metabolite derivative. This knowledge is helpful for the development of derivatives of 4-OI as potential antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
Coding-complete genome sequences of rotavirus A reference strains EDIM, Ph158, and CC425
Authors: Casey-Moore Mary C. , Katz Eric , Mijatovic-Rustempasic Slavica , Jaimes Jose , Gautam Rashi , Bowen Michael D. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
This study reports the coding-complete genome sequences of three rotavirus A (RVA) reference strains previously adapted in tissue culture: RVA/Mouse-tc/USA/EDIM/XXXX/G16P[16] with a G16-P[16]-I7-R7-C7-M8-A7-N7-T10-E7-H9 genotype constellation, RVA/Human-tc/USA/Ph158/1998/G9P[6] with a G9-P[6]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2 genotype constellation, and RVA/Human-tc/USA/CC425/1998/G3P[9] with a G3-P[9]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T1-E2-H3 genotype constellation.
Defining microbial community functions in chronic human infection with metatranscriptomics
Authors: Adekoya Aanuoluwa E. , Kargbo Hoody A. , Ibberson Carolyn B. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Chronic polymicrobial infections (cPMIs) harbor complex bacterial communities with diverse metabolic capacities, leading to competitive and cooperative interactions. Although the microbes present in cPMIs have been established through culture-dependent and culture-independent methods, the key functions that drive different cPMIs and the metabolic activities of these complex communities remain unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed 102 published metatranscriptomes collected from cystic fibrosis (CF) sputum and chronic wound infections (CW) to identify key bacterial members and functions in cPMIs. Community composition analysis identified a high prevalence of pathogens, particularly
Staphylococcus
and
Pseudomonas
, and anaerobic members of the microbiota, including
Porphyromonas
,
Anaerococcus
, and
Prevotella
. Functional profiling with HUMANn3 and SAMSA2 revealed that while functions involved in bacterial competition, oxidative stress response, and virulence were conserved across both chronic infection types, >40% of the functions were differentially expressed. Higher expression of antibiotic resistance and biofilm functions was observed in CF, while tissue-destructive enzymes and oxidative stress response functions were highly expressed in CW samples. Of note, strict anaerobes had negative correlations with traditional pathogens in both CW and CF samples, and they significantly contributed to the expression of these functions. Additionally, we show that microbial communities have unique expression patterns, and distinct organisms fulfill the expression of key functions in each site, indicating that the infection environment strongly influences bacterial physiology and that community structure influences function. Collectively, our findings indicate that community composition and function should guide treatment strategies for cPMIs.

IMPORTANCE
The microbial diversity in polymicrobial infections (PMIs) allows for community members to establish interactions with one another, which can result in enhanced disease outcomes such as increased antibiotic tolerance and chronicity. Chronic PMIs result in large burdens on health systems, as they affect a significant proportion of the population and are expensive and difficult to treat. However, investigations into physiology of microbial communities in actual human infection sites are lacking. Here, we highlight that the predominant functions in chronic PMIs differ, and anaerobes, often described as bystanders, may be significant in the progression of chronic infections. Determining the community structure and functions in PMIs is a critical step toward understanding the molecular mechanisms that increase the virulence potential of the microbial community in these environments.