bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quadricyclane—Thermal Cycloaddition to Polyfluorinated Carbonyl Compounds. A Simple Synthesis of Polyfluorinated 3‐Oxatricyclo[4.2.1.02,5]non‐7‐enes.
Authors: Petrov Viacheslav A. , Davidson Frederic , Smart Bruce E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Alkatrienyl Sulfoxides and Sulfones. Part 6. Cheletropic Addition of Sulfur Dioxide to 1‐ and 3‐Vinylallenyl Sulfoxides and Sulfones.
Authors: Christov Valerij Ch. , Ivanov Ivaylo K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pyrrole[2,1‐b]thiazol‐3(2H)‐ones as Precursors of N‐Alkyl‐2‐(1H‐pyrrol‐2‐ylthio)acetamides and N‐Alkyl‐2‐(1H‐pyrrol‐2‐ylthio)propanamides.
Authors: Tverdokhlebov Anton V. , Andrushko Alexander P. , Resnyanska Elizaveta V. , Tolmachev Andrey A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 1,2‐Disubstituted‐3‐alkylidenylpyrrolidines via a One‐Pot Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Huang Wenwei , O'Donnell Mary‐Margaret , Bi Grace , Liu Jifeng , Yu Libing , Baldino Carmen M. , Bell Andrew S. , Underwood Toby J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel and Chemoselective Dehydrogenation of 2‐Substituted Imidazolines with Potassium Permanganate Supported on Silica Gel.
Authors: Mohammadpoor‐Baltork Iraj , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Abdollahi‐Alibeik Mohammad 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 2‐Alkylidene‐4‐(hydroxymethyl)thiazolidines by One‐Pot Cyclization of Dilithiated Arylmethylnitrile with Isothiocyanates and Epibromohydrin.
Authors: Albrecht Uwe , Langer Peter 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reaction of 2‐Aminothiazoles and Their Benzo‐ and Naphtho Derivatives with β‐Sulfonyltrifluoromethylvinyldiols.
Authors: Krasovsky A. L. , Moiseev A. M. , Nenajdenko V. G. , Balenkova E. S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Some Chemical Transformations of 4,5‐Dihydro‐5‐methyl‐3H‐spiro[benz‐2‐azepine‐3,1′‐cyclohexane] N‐Oxide.
Authors: Varlamov A. V. , Grudinin D. G. , Chernyshev A. I. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Convenient Synthesis of 7‐Aryl‐3,4,5,6‐tetrahydro‐2H‐pyrido[4,5‐b]‐ and [2,3‐b]‐1,5‐oxazocine‐6‐ones.
Authors: Seto Shigeki 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxidative Reactions of Azines. Part 11. The Influence of Manganese Dioxide on the Reaction of Tetrahydropyridines with Formaldehyde: Synthesis and Molecular Structures of 3‐Oxa‐7‐azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane and 6‐Oxa‐2‐azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes.
Authors: Soldatenkov A. T. , Polyanskii K. B. , Temesgen A. V. , Sergeeva N. D. , Vysotskaya V. V. , Averkiev B. B. , Antipin M. Yu. , Lobanov N. N. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions to Galanthamine Nitrone: An Entry to 4a,5,9,10‐Tetrahydro‐6H,14aH‐benzofuro[3a,3,2‐ef]isoxazolo[3,2‐a] [2]benzazepines.
Authors: Hemetsberger Margit , Treu Matthias , Hametner Christian , Jordis Ulrich , Mereiter Kurt , Froehlich Johannes 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of (‐)‐Tuliparin B Utilizing 2‐Bromo‐1‐alkenes Conveniently Synthesized from the 3‐O‐Substituted 1,2‐Dibromoalkane System by Regioselective Elimination.
Authors: Ohgiya Tadaaki , Nishiyama Shigeru 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The concept of effective correlation times for describing backbone motions in proteins. Part II. Tentative interpretation of the residue‐specific correlation time in terms of overall rotation‐diffusion
Authors: Bouguet‐Bonnet Sabine , Mutzenhardt Pierre , Roumestand Christian , Canet Daniel 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn part I of this article, it was shown that protein 15N relaxation data at different magnetic fields can be fitted according to a residue‐specific correlation time τeff, which is associated with slow motions sensed by the considered residue. The present article is an attempt to justify the correlation time variations along the backbone by anisotropic overall motion. When an axial rotation‐diffusion tensor is assumed, it is possible to derive simple expressions for relating τeff to τ⟂ and τ// (the two correlation times defining the rotation‐diffusion tensor). A consistent picture is obtained for the most organized parts of the protein C12A‐p8MTCP1 which, as in part I of this article, serves here as an example. By contrast, the model of rotation‐diffusion fails for other less‐organized parts of the protein, suggesting a combination of several slow or intermediate motions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 24A: 10–16, 2005.
Neuronal generation, migration, and differentiation in the mouse hippocampal primoridium as revealed by enhanced green fluorescent protein gene transfer by means of in utero electroporation
Authors: Nakahira Eiko , Yuasa Shigeki 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNeuronal migration defects in the hippocampus during development are thought to be involved in various mental disorders. Studies of neural cell migration in the developing cerebrum have focused mainly on the neocortex, but those that have been performed on the developing hippocampal formation have not been adequately carried out. In the present study, the morphological differentiation of immature neurons that form the laminar structure of the hippocampus was investigated by labeling ventricular surface cells with the expression vector of the enhanced‐green‐fluorescent‐protein (EGFP) gene. Vector DNA was transfected into spatially and temporally restricted neuroepithelium of the hippocampal primordium by in utero electroporation, and the morphology of EGFP‐labeled migratory neurons and their interrelationships with the radial glial arrangement were observed. Pyramidal cells of Ammon's horn began to migrate radially along glial processes from a broad area of neuroepithelium on embryonic day (E)14. Large numbers of multipolar cells were found in the intermediate zone in the initial stage and stratified pyramidal cells appeared later. Dentate granule cells were labeled later than (E)16 and originated from a restricted area of neuroepithelium adjacent to the fimbria. Their initial migration was rapid and independent of radial glial fibers. Subsequent tangential migration in the subpial space and their ultimate settling into the forming dentate gyrus were closely associated with the radial glia. These findings indicate that distinct cellular mechanisms are involved in the development of the cortical layer of Ammon's horn and dentate gyrus. J. Comp. Neurol. 483:329–340, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation and Coordination Chemistry of n‐Allylaminophosphane
Authors: Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Wheatley Joanne , Woollins J. Derek 
Published: January 2005

AbstractReaction of allylamine with 1 equiv. of Ph2PCl in the presence of NEt3, proceeds in THF to give (allylamino)phosphane 1. 1 has been coordinated as a monodentate P ligand with Au, Pd, Pt, Ru, Rh, Ir and as a bidentate P,allyl ligand to Pt. Reaction of KOtBu with [PtCl2{Ph2PNH(C3H5)}2] in methanol gives [Pt{Ph2PNH(C3H8O)}2]. The X‐ray structures of 1.Se and four demonstrative monodentate complexes all reveal intramolecular N–H···Cl hydrogen bonding. The structure of [Pt{Ph2PNH(C3H8O)}2] consists of an N–H···O hydrogen‐bonded dimer in the solid state. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
First Examples of β‐Diketonate Platinum(II) Complexes with Sulfoxide Ligands
Authors: De Pascali Sandra A. , Papadia Paride , Ciccarese Antonella , Pacifico Concetta , Fanizzi Francesco P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNew platinum(II) complexes have been prepared as models for explaining the coordination of multiple β‐diketonate li‐gands to give [Pt(O,O′‐acac)(γ‐acac)L] species. The new com‐pounds containing both an O,O′‐chelated acetylacetonate ligand and a sulfoxide in the platinum coordination sphere, [PtCl(O,O′‐acac)(DMSO)] (1) and [Pt(O,O′‐acac)(γ‐acac)(DMSO)] (2), have been synthesised and characterised by 1H, 13C, 195Pt 1‐D and 2‐D NMR heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy and, in the case of 2, by X‐ray crystal structure analysis also. Moreover, a new synthetic pathway to obtain the previously reported complex K[Pt(O,O′‐acac)(γ‐acac)2] (3) has been developed. The data presented herein are consistent with a reaction mechanism which explains the subsequent steps of the coordination of multiple β‐diketonate li‐gands to platinum(II) complexes, where the first species formed contains one O,O′‐chelated acac group. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Carbon‐Rich Ruthenium Complexes Containing Bis(allenylidene) and Mixed Alkynyl−Allenylidene Bridges (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 3/2005)
Authors: Rigaut Stéphane , Perruchon Johann , Guesmi Salaheddine , Fave Claire , Touchard Daniel , Dixneuf Pierre H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe cover picture shows two examples of stable polynuclear ruthenium systems containing delocalized carbon‐rich bridges with unusual topologies. In this work, the synthesis, the spectroscopic and voltammetric studies of a new family of bis(allenylidene) and mixed allenylidene−acetylide complexes are presented. The nature of the reduced species, which are mainly ligand‐centered, is pointed out by means of ESR and IR spectroscopy. The UV/Vis and electrochemical studies show the large influence of the bridge on the electronic interaction between the redox centers and the fine tuning of this property. These new conjugated molecules appear to be promising alternatives to the classical bis(acetylide) systems for the construction of metal‐containing unsaturated oligomers or polymers to mediate electron‐transfer processes. Details are discussed in the article by S. Rigaut, D. Touchard et al. on p. 447 ff.
Mercury Detection in Seawater Using a Mercaptoacetic Acid Modified Gold Microwire Electrode
Authors: Widmann Antje , van den Berg Constant M. G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIt is demonstrated here that it is possible to determine mercury in chloride containing media like seawater by anodic stripping voltammetry using a modified electrode. A gold microwire electrode is modified using mercaptoacetic acid (MAA) to eliminate the problem of calomel formation, allowing the mercury to become fully removed from the electrode surface after each scan. In a synthetic salt solution of KNO3 the sensitivity for mercury was found to be improved by the surface modification. In seawater the sensitivity was not significantly improved possibly because of complexation of the mercury by the abundant chloride; however, the MAA coating prevented the formation of calomel causing the background scan to be free of mercury. Measurements in seawater at various pH values demonstrated that mercury detection is possible at natural pH (around 8); however, best sensitivity was attained at pH 4.8 with a deposition time of 3 min. A peak for copper occurred at more negative potential but did not interfere at this pH. The calibration was linear between 0 and 37 nM mercury with a limit of detection of 1 nM mercury.
Improved Resolution of Local Metal Deposition by Means of Constant Distance Mode Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
Authors: Turyan Iva , Etienne Mathieu , Mandler Daniel , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe potential assisted ion‐transfer between two immiscible electrolyte solutions has been implemented in scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) for depositing metal microstructures on conducting surfaces. An improved approach for local metal deposition is presented, taking advantage from a recently described non‐optical shear‐force detection system integrated in the SECM, which provided a current‐independent tip‐surface distance positioning. This allowed positioning of the micropipette in very close proximity to the surface without applying a potential during the approach, and hence, resulted in an improved resolution for metal deposition. Moreover, it allowed the use of potential pulses for a discontinuous delivery of metal ions over the liquid‐liquid interface. The advantages of this approach and its applicability for creating micro‐ and nanostructures are discussed.
Efficient preconditioning of the discrete adjoint equations for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Schneider René , Jimack Peter K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPreconditioning of the discrete adjoint equations is closely related to preconditioning the linear systems arising in the Newton linearization of the discretized flow equations. We investigate the use of an optimal preconditioner for both problems on the example of a finite element discretization of the steady state incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. It is demonstrated that complications arising from the use of a zero mean pressure condition in the problem formulation can be overcome by modifying the preconditioner suitably. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adjoint sensitivity analysis for fluid flow with free surface
Authors: Gejadze I. Y. , Copeland G. J. M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper develops the adjoint sensitivities to the free surface incompressible barotropic Euler equations in order to allow for the assimilation of measurements of currents and free surface elevations into an unsteady flow solution by boundary control. To calculate a variation in a surface variable, a mapping is used in the vertical to shift the problem into a fixed domain. Then a variation is evaluated from the Jacobian matrix of the mapping. After calculating a variation in the surface variable and applying the inverse transformation, the tangent linear model is considered in the original space where the adjoint equations are then derived. The method is demonstrated by application to an unsteady flow in an open channel (a 2D vertical section model). A wider application is to the construction of a fully three‐dimensional coastal ocean model that allows assimilation of tidal elevation and current data. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical assessment of thermo‐acoustic instabilities in gas turbines
Authors: Benoit L. , Nicoud F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA new methodology to assess the effect of the flame/acoustics coupling on the stability of the modes without combustion is presented. An asymptotic method is used to account for the acoustic flame transfer function. The efficiency and accuracy of the approach is demonstrated on an academic case similar to a Rijke tube configuration. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A predictor–corrector formulation for rigorous streamline simulation
Authors: King Michael J. , Osako Ichiro , Datta‐Gupta Akhil 
Published: January 2005

AbstractStreamline simulators have received increased attention in the petroleum industry because of their ability to effectively handle multimillion cell detailed geologic models and large simulation models. The efficiency of streamline simulation has relied primarily on their ability to take large time steps with fewer pressure solutions within an IMPES formulation. However, unlike conventional finite difference simulators, no clear guidelines have been available for the choice of time step for pressure and velocity updates. This has remained largely an uncontrolled approximation, either managed by engineering judgment, or by potentially time‐consuming time step size sensitivity studies early in a project. This is clearly related to the lack of theoretical understanding of numerical stability and convergence for this solution method. Our results demonstrate a new ability to predict numerical stability for streamline simulation. The analysis of numerical convergence is beyond our current scope. Clearly, both stability and convergence are required for numerical solutions.We will review the predictor–corrector streamline formulation recently introduced (SPE 79688, presented at the SPE Reservoir Simulation Symposium, Houston, TX, 3–5 February 2003). This formulation includes the treatment of transverse flux between streamlines, and for the first time provides a rigorous foundation for discussions of numerical stability. We extend those discussions to include the treatment of capillarity and of gravity. In all instances, we will recognize the limits of stability of the calculations through the use of a CFL number, or in the instance of capillarity, a diffusion number. Although the worked examples will all utilize explicit numerical techniques, in most instances, the use of implicit techniques will be obvious.We demonstrate the validity and utility of our approach using a series of numerical experiments in homogeneous and heterogeneous ¼ five‐spot patterns at various mobility ratios. For the discussions of capillarity and of gravity we also provide one‐dimensional calculations to better understand our options for their treatment using operator splitting. For these numerical experiments, we pay particular attention to favourable mobility ratio displacements, as they are known to be challenging to streamline simulation. Our results clearly demonstrate the impact of the transverse flux correction on the accuracy of the solution and on the appropriate choice of time step, across a range of mobility ratios. The proposed approach eliminates much of the subjectivity associated with time step selection in streamline simulation, and provides a basis for automatic control of pressure time step within full field streamline applications. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical modelling of solid particle motion using a new penalty method
Authors: Randrianarivelo T. N. , Pianet G. , Vincent S. , Caltagirone J. P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe present article reports on an original implicit tensorial penalty method (ITPM) for modelling solid particle motion in an incompressible flow. The basic idea is to decompose the viscous stress tensor of Navier–Stokes equation into contributions representing elongation, pure shearing and rotation. An artificial viscosity is associated to each stress contribution. The penalty method is used to impose different stress components thanks to a generalized augmented Lagrangian method implemented by introducing four Lagrange multipliers. An iterative Uzawa algorithm is finally used to achieve the numerical solution. The classical problems of Couette's flow between two coaxial cylinders and the settling of a particle in a tank filled with a viscous fluid have been chosen to demonstrate the capability of the new method. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is silence golden? A test of the incorporation of the effects of ill‐health on income and leisure in health state valuations
Authors: Sendi Pedram , Brouwer Werner B. F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to evaluate whether people include the effects of ill‐health on income and leisure in quality of life valuation when the measure is silent on both. A convenience sample of 20 health professionals had to rate a health status on a visual analogue scale (VAS) without being explicitly asked to consider the effects of ill‐health on income and leisure. A majority of respondents (60%) does not consider income effects and 75% does consider the effects on leisure. Explicitly asking respondents to incorporate these effects lowers the valuation. Our results indicate that whatever separation between costs and effects is preferred, using quality of life measures which are silent on income and leisure, leads to either double‐counting or ignoring real costs or effects. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of load cycling and in vitro degradation on resin‐dentin bonds using a self‐etching primer
Authors: Osorio R. , Toledano M. , Osorio E. , Aguilera F. S. , Tay F. R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of in vitro degradation and mechanical loading on microtensile bond strength (MTBS) and microleakage (ML) of a resin composite to dentin using a self‐etching primer adhesive [Clearfil SE Bond (SEB)] under two hydration statuses. Twenty‐four flat dentin surfaces were divided in groups: 1) blot‐dried, 2) air‐dried. SEB was applied and resin buildups were performed with Tetric Ceram. Specimens were divided in four subgroups: a) sectioned into beams, b) load cycled, c) beams were immersed in NaOCl for 5 h, d) load cycled and immersed in NaOCl. Beams were tested in tension. For ML testing, 80 Class V cavities were prepared and molars divided in subgroups as described above (in group c and d, specimens were kept in distilled water for 1 year, instead of the 5‐h NaOCl immersion). ML was assessed by dye penetration. Analysis of variance and multiple comparisons tests were used for MTBS. For ML, Mann‐Whitney U and Wilcoxon matched pairs signed ranked were used (p < 0.05). SEB applied to completely dehydrated dentin produced the highest MTBS, at 24‐h evaluation. In vitro degradation always decreased MTBS, and fatigue loading only diminished MTBS on dehydrated dentin. Load cycling increased dye penetration on dentin margins. Degradation always increased ML in both enamel and dentin margins. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 72A: 399–408, 2005
Adhesiveness of dental resin‐based restorative materials investigated with atomic force microscopy
Authors: Fano L. , Fano V. , Ma W. Y. , Wang X. G. , Zhu F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis study aimed to show that the polymerization contraction of dental methacrylate‐based materials, when used as adhesives on hard substrate, produces voids at the material‐substrate interface. This phenomenology is closely related with the nanoleakage and the sealing ability of these materials. One prime/bond system, three restorative composite resins, and one orthodontic bonding system were cured by using mirror‐like glass slides as a compliance‐free reference substrate. The adhesive surface was analyzed by atomic force microscopy, and the polymerization contraction of bulk material was tested by laser beam‐scanning method. Nanoperiodic structure of three‐dimensional (3D) images, section analysis, and roughness characteristics (Ra and Rz) indicated that polymerization contraction produced voids at the interface. When the adhesive surface was exposed to oral simulating fluids (water, ethanol, and lactic acid solutions), hydrolytic degradation involved some hundreds of nanometers in depth. In visible light‐cured (VLC) materials, the interface porosity decreased when an irradiation pause (∼2 min) was carried out during gelation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 73B: 35–42, 2005