bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women's motivation towards Pap smear screening based on sexual and screening status: A cross-sectional study using protection motivation theory
Authors: Romli Rodziah , Abd Rahman Rahana , Mohd Hashim Syahnaz , Chew Kah Teik , Mohamad Emma Mirza Wati , Mohammed Nawi Azmawati 
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Cervical cancer remains a reproductive health burden. Pap smear (PS) screening can detect cervical cancer early but is underused despite being subsidized. Motivational factors play a role in promoting PS screening. This study aimed to determine the women's motivation toward PS screening based on Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), which mainly focused on sexual and screening status.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The study was conducted electronically throughout Malaysia from January to February 2022 by disseminating Google Form (https://forms.gle/cD7fkUKYR4Cq6kZC8) via multiple WhatsApp groups to reach 526 women aged 21–65 years. The questionnaire consists of 24 items based on seven PMT constructs [perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, self-efficacy, response efficacy, fear (threat appraisal), response costs (coping appraisal), and protection motivation]. The descriptive statistics and independent t-test was used to analyze data using IBM SPSS Statistics software, version 25.

RESULTS:
Most respondents were sexually active [80.6% (n = 424)] and have heard of PS screening [95.8% (n = 504)]. More than half of respondents did not have PS screening in the last three years [59.3% (n = 312)]. Sexually active women have heard and have undergone PS screening feel less threatened with low coping appraisals. Undergoing PS screening made women perceived more response efficacy (P = .011), more self-efficacy (P < .001), and higher protection motivation (P < .001) toward PS screening.

CONCLUSIONS:
Women's motivation related to PS screening needs to be highlighted. Future development of health education strategy should include motivation focused in emphasizing the threat and coping appraisal into educational plan to ensure women come forward for screening.
Interprofessional education in problem-based learning: A frontier form of PBL in medical education
Authors: Chu Ming , Xu Lan , Liu Yuan , Ye Huihui , Zhang Yan , Xue Yintong , Li Yan , Gao Xiang , Hao Jie , Wang Lijun , Guo Qi , Wang Yuedan 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
Interprofessional education (IPE) aims to educate healthcare students to improve collaboration and the quality of care. The delivery of IPE through a problem-based learning (PBL) setting appears to hold good validity. However, there are few studies that show the value of combining these two teaching modes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The research was a longitudinal intervention study. A total of 360 students were randomly divided into three interprofessional PBL (IPBL) groups that mixed nursing, pharmacy, and clinical medical students and three uniprofessional PBL (UPBL) groups that consisted of a single profession. An improved Attitude and Learning Ability Questionnaire (ALAQ) was used to measure the improvement in attitudes toward interprofessional cooperation and learning outcomes. The tutorial session and final examination grades were compared between IPBL and UPBL by Chi-square tests and Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel tests. Cronbach's α analysis was calculated to assess the validity and reliability. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.887, demonstrating high levels of reliability (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.842 0.916).

RESULTS:
According to Chi-square tests and Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel tests, we observed the student's positive attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration and the student's role awareness in the IPBL students was increased compared with UPBL students. In addition, a great majority of IPBL students felt that they had improved their self-learning ability and maintained a high enthusiasm for learning during the course.

CONCLUSION:
Our study found that the IPBL teaching model was more effective than the UPBL teaching model in healthcare student's positive attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration and learning outcomes.
The net atrioventricular compliance in mild to moderate hypertensive patients during the early left ventricle filling: A case series
Authors: Mohammed Nadiya Y. , Ali Mohammed Dalya A. , Al-Qadhi Ramaq G. , Al-Ganmi Ali Hussein Alek 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
The compliance is considered one of the most important parameters which is defined as the change in volume with given change in pressure (dv/dp). It is varying inversely with both diastolic filling and modulus of chamber stiffness.

AIMS:
This study aimed to deduce the net atrioventricular compliance which is affected the trans mitral blood flow.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study focuses on study group of 25 patients (15 males and ten females) with mild to moderate hypertension and mean age (49 ± 5.9) who were investigated for atrioventricular compliance and compared with 18 normal individuals (ten males and eight females) with a mean age of (44.9 ± 14.9) years old. The measurement of mitral valve area and the deceleration flow rate during ventricular early filling were taken from peak E wave to the minimum of the descending E wave. The atrioventricular (net) compliance was calculated according to the theoretical calculation Formula.

RESULTS:
When the atrioventricular compliance is measured during the early filling, a decrease in the net compliance of 50.27% in normal individuals was observed. The isovolumetric relaxation time was lower by 32.9% in normal individuals than in patients with mild to moderate hypertension.

CONCLUSION:
The increase in the atrioventricular net compliance for hypertensive patients is thought to be attributed to the compensatory mechanism of cardiac muscle before fibrosis can take place leading to a consequent increase in compliance measured during the early diastolic filling stage of the cardiac cycle.
Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of three commercially available desensitizing mouthwash on dentinal tubule occlusion: An in vitro scanning electron microscopic study
Authors: Khot Tanvi , Lele Priya , Dodwad Vidya , Bhosale Nishita , Yewale Manasi , Mariam Sarah 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aim:
To compare and evaluate the effectiveness of three commercially available desensitizing mouthwashes on dentinal tubule occlusion in vitro using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-seven premolar maxillary teeth were collected and cleaned to remove debris and tissue using an ultrasonic scaler. Enamel was removed with the help of a high-speed plain cut tungsten carbide fissure bur under continuous water spray. Dentinal discs measuring 5 mm × 5 mm × 3 mm were prepared from the coronal region of the extracted teeth using a double-sided carborundum disc and straight micromotor handpiece. Using carborundum paper, the discs were polished and washed with distilled water. The discs were etched using 37% phosphoric acid to remove any smear layer that was caused by the grinding process and to simulate dentinal hypersensitivity by opening the dentinal tubules. The specimens were again washed and stored in distilled water until use. Samples were then randomly allocated into Group A: calcium sodium phosphosilicate mouthwash, Group B: potassium nitrate mouthwash, and Group C: dipotassium oxalate monohydrate mouthwash. The specimens were immersed in a test tube filled with the respective mouthwash and vigorously shaken for 60 s for simulating the natural mouth rinsing action. This procedure was repeated for 7 days, twice daily. To compare and assess the proportion of dentinal tubule occlusion, all the samples were processed and examined under an SEM.

Results:
The efficacy of the mouthwash on the obliteration of dentinal tubules was compared using the Kruskal–Walis analysis of variance test followed by the post hoc Mann–Whitney U test for pairwise comparison. Group A showed completely occluded tubules in 5 (55.6) and mostly occluded tubules in 4 (44.4). Group B showed mostly occluded in 4 samples (44.4) and partially occluded in 5 samples (55.6) and Group C showed completely occluded tubules in 3 samples (33.3) and mostly occluded tubules in 6 samples (66.7). A P value of 0.05 or less is regarded as statistically significant. *P ≤ 0.05 is statistically significant. Between Group A and Group B as well as between Group B and Group C, there was a statistically significant difference. However, a statistically significant difference between Group A and Group C does not exist.

Conclusion:
The calcium sodium phosphosilicate group was shown to have the most occlusion of the dentinal tubule, followed by dipotassium oxalate monohydrate and potassium nitrate group.
A Study of Psychiatric Comorbidities in Patients of Bipolar Disorder with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder during Euthymic Phase
Authors: Mishra Vikash Chandra , Solanki Gunjan , Singh Dharmdeep , Goyal Manish Kumar 
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
Bipolar disorders (BDs) are comorbid with other psychiatric disorders including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is often associated with a number of psychiatric comorbidities. Many symptoms related to ADHD are frequently misdiagnosed as being caused by other psychiatric disorders, leading to incomplete treatment. Hence, this study was planned to assess psychiatric comorbidities in BD with and without ADHD.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 110 euthymic BD patients were recruited. They were screened for childhood ADHD (cADHD) symptoms and adult ADHD (aADHD) symptoms by the Wender Utah Rating Scale for the ADHD and aADHD Self-Report Screening Scale for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5. These were divided into three groups: Group 1 included BD patients without ADHD, Group 2 included bipolar patients with comorbid BD-aADHD, and Group 3 included bipolar patients who had a diagnosis of BD-cADHD.

Results:
The BD-aADHD group showed significantly higher associated comorbidity than the BD-cADHD and BD-only groups. The presence of generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and alcohol use disorder is significantly higher in the BD-aADHD and BD-cADHD groups than the BD-only group.

Conclusion:
The presence of lifetime ADHD comorbidity is associated with a greater frequency of other comorbid conditions associated with a worse course of BD and a greater burden of other psychiatric comorbid conditions.
Assessment of Antioxidant System Status before and after Operation in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Özlü F , Demiray GA , Güneş D , Yıldızdaş HY , Yıldız ŞM 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background/Aim:
Oxidative stress is considered to have a significant role in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) as well as many other diseases. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to evaluate the antioxidant system status at pre- and post-operative period in newborns with congenital heart disease (CHD) requiring operation.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty CHD patients participated in this research. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were studied in blood samples. RACHS-1 score, blood lactate levels, and hypoxic events were also recorded. Comparisons of antioxidant system parameters were conducted at pre- and post-operative periods and also between exitus and discharged groups.

Results:
GPx activity and TBARS levels were significantly higher in the pre-operative period than post-operative period though the other antioxidant enzymes were not altered. In pre-operative period, GPx activity was low in addition to rarer hypoxic events in the discharged group. Also, a negative correlation was found between SOD and GPx activities in pre-operative period.

Conclusion:
The results provide fundamental data showing the lowered GPx activity and TBARS levels considered as sensitive oxidative biomarkers after the operation. It was assumed that antioxidant system parameters might show changes after the operation, and GPx is prominent for resistance to hypoxic conditions. Post-operative reduction of GPx and TBARS levels is significant for evaluating the antioxidant system alterations after the operation. However, further investigations follow long-term duration for post-operative monitoring to estimate how antioxidant system status changes to improve the treatment of the health condition.
Short-Term Outcomes of Double Omentopexy in One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass Surgery: A Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Abdelsamee KS 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
This study aims to assess the efficacy of implementing a novel technique of reinforcement of gastric pouch and remnant stomach staple line with Double Omentopexy (DO) in patients undergoing One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB) surgery and evaluate its impact in reducing the early postoperative complications.

Materials and Methods:
The 123 patients were allocated into two groups: 61 in the standard OAGB group and 62 in OAGB with DO group. The primary outcomes are postoperative complications (including early postoperative bleeding, leakage, gastric twist, reflux, etc.) and hospital stay. The secondary outcome is excess body weight loss. Follow-up visits were planned after discharge: at two weeks, two months, and three months postoperatively.

Results:
Postoperative complications were significantly lower, 3 (4.84%) in OAGB with DO compared with 10 (16.39%) in standard OAGB (P =0.037). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of early postoperative bleeding, deep vein thrombosis, biliary reflux, and gall bladder stone (P >.05). No patient had leakage in either group. The mean operative time was significantly longer (68.66 ± 6.68 min) in OAGB with the DO group when compared with the standard OAGB group (62.16 ± 7.54 min) (P <.001).

Conclusion:
Applying the DO technique may be a good measure to be added during OAGB to decrease the incidence of potential postoperative complications, especially the rate and severity of bleeding.
Diagnostic Value of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis and Synthetic Images in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Bahadır H 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Different imaging techniques are used in the diagnosis of breast cancer. The low sensitivity of mammography to detect cancer in the dense breast parenchyma and the lack of standard application of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) are some of the problems. Therefore, breast cancer imaging techniques should be compared in terms of conspicuity and characterization of lesions.

Aim:
Full-field digital mammography (DM) and synthetic mammography (SM) which are obtained from the slices of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) give similar results in terms of conspicuity and characterization of the lesions in detecting breast cancer.

Patients and Methods:
In this retrospective study, 47 women diagnosed with breast cancer were included in the study. DM, SM, and DBT images were evaluated by scoring the conspicuity of the index lesion in the parenchyma and its characterization in terms of contour and shape with a 4-point scale. In addition, the conspicuity of the lesions in relation to lesion size and breast density was examined with these three techniques.

Results:
There is no significant difference between DM and SM techniques for index lesion conspicuity and characterization; however, the imaging score of DBT is significantly higher than other techniques for the conspicuity and characterization of the lesions. In terms of the conspicuity of the lesions in relation to lesion size, DM and SM techniques show significant difference according to the size of the lesion, whereas the DBT technique did not show significant difference. While mammography type is a determinant of lesion conspicuity in only DM and SM techniques, conspicuity findings do not differ significantly in the DBT technique.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, it was shown that standard images and SM images obtained from DBT did not differ significantly in terms of conspicuity and characterization of lesions. Thus, DBT is significantly superior to the DM and SM images. While the DM and SM images are more successful in showing large lesions and lesion detection in nondense breasts, DBT images were not affected by lesion size and breast density.
Synthesis and characterization of copper oxide nanoparticles using Moringa Oleifera leaves Extract
Authors: Saleh Mahmood Mohammed Ali , Ali Tawfik Mahmood Mohammed , Ali Rafig Mohamed Qassim 
Published: October 2023

Moringa oleifera leaves extract Yemeni was used for green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO). The obtained copper oxide nanoparticles were characterized using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–VIS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The aqueous suspension of (CuO NPs) showed a UV-Vis. absorption maxima peaks at 236 and 240 nanometers respectivel primarily in its formation. The FTIR analysis to be confirmed functional groups of biosynthesized CuO NPs the absorption band at 608cm-1. The XRD analysis revealed that the biosynthesized NPs appear to be more than crystalline of the copper oxide nanoparticles. The characteristic peaks obtained by EDX analysis icon firmed the presence of the element copper (89.8), and the element oxygen (10.2). SEM images show that the particles are round, granular, and nanosized and the nanoparticle has more aggregation ,and conglomeration. Extraction of moringa leaves serves as a promising agent for the balance of particle size. The result of medical value shows significant antibacterial activity.
Epidemiology of low back pain: frequency, risk factors, and patterns in South-South Nigeria
Authors: Emorinken Airenakho , Erameh Cyril Oshomah , Akpasubi Blessyn Omoye , Dic-Ijiewere Mercy Ofunami , Ugheoke Asuwemhe Johnson 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionLow back pain (LBP) is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition that poses significant public health challenges. However, its epidemiology in Sub-Saharan Africa, especially in rural settings, remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to determine the epidemiology of LBP in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital.Material and methodsThis was a retrospective review of the records of all LBP cases seen at the rheumatology clinic from 2018 to 2022 in a Teaching Hospital in South-South Nigeria. The sociodemographic and clinical data, including disability scores, was extracted from the patients’ medical records. The data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25, and the level of significance was set at <i>p</i> < 0.05.ResultsAmong 1,580 patients, 319 (20.2%) reported LBP. The mean age was 59.51 ±10.21, and the peak age incidence was 51–60 years. Low back pain was more prevalent in females (61.4%). Work-related factors (47.3%) such as heavy lifting (26.3%), prolonged sitting (19.4%), and poor posture (27.9%) were the prominent risk factors. Sedentary behavior (11.5%) and obesity (16.9%) contributed. Common clinical manifestations included difficulty standing or bending (73%), walking difficulties (67.7%), sleep disturbances (51.4%), and radicular pain (45.8%). Common etiologies were spondylosis (66.5%), spondylolisthesis (22.3%), disc prolapse (19.4%), spinal canal stenosis (15.4%), muscle spasm (12.2%), and tuberculous spondylitis (9.7%). Acute and chronic LBP constituted 12.2% and 79.9% of cases, respectively. In terms of disability, 33.5% had minimal, 44.5% had moderate, 15.4% had severe, and 6.6% had crippling disabilities.ConclusionsMechanical causes were the most implicated in LBP. Work-related factors and lifestyle choices contribute to the occurrence of LBP. Adjusting posture and lifestyle modification reduces LBP risk. Understanding its epidemiology is crucial for optimizing care and implementing preventive strategies.
Livre-arbítrio, corpo e alma imortal, em Kant
Authors: Jorge Filho Edgard José 
Published: October 2023

Investiga-se a relação entre o livre-arbítrio e o corpo, em Kant. Procura-se compreender a cadeia de relações do livre arbítrio com as inclinações, o sentimento de prazer e desprazer, as sensações, os sentidos externo e interno e o corpo. Com base em tal compreensão, apresenta-se certa interpretação da concepção kantiana da imortalidade da alma. Argumenta-se que o livre-arbítrio é necessariamente condicionado pelo corpo vivo sensível (humano) e que, portanto, a alma imortal, enquanto existência e persistência infinita da personalidade do mesmo ser racional, que é indissociável do livre-arbítrio, depende da conexão necessária da alma com o corpo vivo sensível (humano). Levantam-se duas dificuldades concernentes à quela interpretaçío da imortalidade de alma e enfrenta-se a primeira delas mediante uma argumentação baseada na doutrina kantiana da comunidade ética e da legislação ética pública.
A115Developing a simulation course for Advanced Clinical Practice-Challenges of designing for a diverse interprofessional group
Authors: Stevens Lisa , John Sini 
Published: October 2023

Background and aim:
There is increased availability and development of the advanced clinical practitioner (ACP) course to upskill allied health professionals in clinical, leadership and supervision areas [1]. Locally, ACPs and ACPs in training have not previously had simulation integrated into their training for this role despite this being considered an effective learning method for communication skills [2]. The simulation department was approached with funding to develop a course to add variation to their development programme and enhance learning in areas better targeted through simulation.
Activity:
A survey was sent to the ACP cohort to ascertain their desired learning objectives from simulation training. Then the team met a focus group of ACP trainees to further explore their varied roles and the expected changes moving to the ACP role. From this research, a 1-day course was developed to include scenarios with themes felt to be widely applicable across the umbrella of ‘advanced clinical practice’. Examples included; managing patient expectations, challenging hierarchy, safeguarding, learning disability, mental capacity assessment, difficult supervision. Two courses have been completed with a mix of ACP roles, and scenarios adapted to apply to the specific participants. The debriefs explored how the scenario theme could be applied cross discipline and gave an opportunity for these senior healthcare professionals to share experiences and their individual management strategies.
Findings:
This was a stimulating but challenging course to develop given the seniority and multidisciplinary background of the target group. This required significant creativity and adaptability from the organizing team and multiple scenarios to be designed for participants. The courses generated valuable discussion and all candidates reported the day to be a useful experience with specific learning and development taken from the day. Limitations included some allocated scenarios were felt to be outside the usual job remit of the allocated participant, which could impact on the authenticity and psychological safety of the scenario for that candidate. Despite this, useful discussion of the intended themes was still possible, and this was reinforced by the experience brought from the candidates present.
Conclusion:
Even though ACPs may have similar more complex learning needs in line with their required capabilities, this is challenging to translate into a transferable and valuable simulation course when targeting multiple disciplines with varying amounts of senior experience. We reflect on ways to approach this in the future and would be open to opinions from our esteemed education colleagues.
Ethics statement:
Authors confirm that all relevant ethical standards for research conduct and dissemination have been met. The submitting author confirms that relevant ethical approval was granted, if applicable.