bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGAWASAN PARTISIPATIF MASYARAKAT UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN PEMILU JUJUR DAN ADIL
Authors: Suryadi Mohammad Anton 
Published: February 2024

Abstrack

Community participatory supervision as an effort to realize honest and fair general elections is urgently needed to ensure transparency, accountability and integrity in the administration of elections. The essence of the people as holders of electoral sovereignty guaranteed by the constitution has the right not only to elect leaders directly, but also the right to supervise that elections are held without fraud, intimidation or unhealthy political influence. The practice of money politics that often occurs in election contests results in the degradation of democracy in selecting leaders. In the context of democracy, elections are important moments whose integrity must be maintained in order to represent the people's voice in a real way, so that elections are able to realize the people's aspirations to have leaders who have integrity, are competent and are not corrupt. Therefore, community participatory supervision is considered as a form of social control that can monitor and ensure the integrity of elections.

Keywords: Monitoring, Community, Election.
Economic Assessment of Specialized Ingredient-treated Feed for Crossbred Dairy Cattle in Subtropical Climates
Authors: Yadava Dhawal Kant , Gaur Parth , Kansal Garima , Chandel Rahul Singh , Bhartib Panch Kishor 
Published: February 2024

This experiment aimed to reduce the cost of feeding dairy cattle that were crossbred using a total of twenty-four crossbred animals. Four groups of six animals each were randomly selected from among the animals. Group 2 (76% treated feed), Group 3 (49% treated feed), Group 4 (100% treated green fodder), and Group 4 (Control) made up Group 1 (Gr-1). The remaining feed A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4, A-5, and A-6 received 1.5% urea+5% molasses+0.5% salt, 1.5% urea+5% molasses+1.5% salt, 1.5% urea+10% molasses+1.5% salt, 5% molasses+0.5% salt, and 10% molasses+0.5% salt were applied, respectively. Each animal at the farm cost 81Rs to feed on average. By contrast, under typical conditions, the feeding expenses for the first group in the A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6 groups were 35, 35, 67, 71, 36, and 70 rupees, respectively. There was a decrease of 43, 42, 11, 11, 44, and 10 rupees as a result. In the second group, the reduction for the A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6 treatment groups was 30Rs, 29Rs, 10Rs, 9Rs, 30Rs, and 10Rs, respectively. In the third group, the reduction was 19Rs, 18Rs, 5Rs, 4Rs, 21Rs, and 7Rs, respectively.
Comparative Effects of Garcinia kola and Garlic Extracts on Some Liver and Haematological Functions in High Salt Diet-Induced Hypertensive Wistar Rats
Authors: Osuji Chigozirim A. , Kalu Achi Ngozi , Obioma Ohaeri Christopher , John Ohiagu Chukwuemeka 
Published: February 2024

Garcinia kola is commonly consumed in Nigeria in social ceremonies, while Garlic is commonly used as a spice in the preparation of certain foods. In this study, the protective effects of extracts of the plants against a high salt diet (8% NaCl) induced hypertension were investigated in rats. Extracts prepared from the plants were subjected to phytochemical screening for acute and sub-acute toxicity studies in rats. In the protective study against salt-induced hypertension thirty-five adult male rats assigned to seven groups of five rats were treated such that, group one served as the normal control group, and group two was the hypertensive control group. Groups three to six were administered graded doses of extracts respectively after induction. While group seven received a combination of the two extracts after induction. Treatment commenced after confirmation of hypertension and lasted for two weeks before animals were sacrificed to collect blood for biochemical and haematological analysis. Results obtained showed that G.kola and Garlic feeding produced in rats following liver and haematological assays as values of these parameters in the test groups did not significantly differ from control values (p<0.05).
Toxic Cyanobacteria in Greek Freshwaters, 1987—2000: Occurrence, Toxicity, and Impacts in the Mediterranean Region
Authors: Cook Catherine M. , Vardaka Elisabeth , Lanaras Tom 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn a survey in Greece from 1987 to 2000 hepatotoxic cyanobacterial blooms were observed in 9 out of 33 freshwaters. Microcystins (MCYSTs) were detected by HPLC in 7 of these lakes, and the total MCYST concentration per scum dry weight ranged from 50.3 to 1638 ± 464 μg g—1. Cyanobacterial genera (Microcystis, Anabaena, Anabaenopsis, Aphanizomenon, Cylindrospermopsis) with known toxin producing taxa were present in 31 freshwaters. From our data and a review of the literature, it would appear that Mediterranean countries are more likely 1) to have toxic cyanobacterial blooms consisting of Microcystis spp. and 2) to have higher intracellular MCYST concentrations. A case study in Lake Kastoria is used to highlight seasonal patterns of cyanobacterial and MCYST‐LR occurrence and to assess cyanotoxin risk. Cyanobacterial biovolume was high (> 11 μL L—1) throughout the year and was in excess of Guidance Level 2 (10 μL L—1) proposed by WHO for recreational waters and Alert Level 2 for drinking water. Further, surface water samples from April to November exceeded Guidance Level 3, with the potential for acute cyanobacterial poisoning. Intracellular MCYST‐LR concentrations (max 3186 μg L—1) exceeded the WHO guideline for drinking water (1 μg L—1) from September to November with a high risk of adverse health effects. Preliminary evidence indicates that in 3 lakes microcystins are accumulated in some aquatic organisms. Generally, a high risk level can be deduced from the data for the Mediterranean region.
Water Quality Monitoring of Tropical Ponds: Location and Depth Effect in Two Case Studies
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Gautam , Mondal Debasis , Biswas Pinaki , Dewanji Anjana 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe variability in water chemistry of samples taken on a monthly basis (March 1999 to February 2000) from two shallow tropical ponds was studied. The effect of location and pond depth on water chemistry was also examined. The study demonstrated that intraannual variability in nutrient concentration is high. Thus, a high annual sampling frequency is required to provide representative annual mean water quality data. Routine monitoring during the monsoons is important for studies on dissolved oxygen and macrophyte growth. Significant differences were found between the topmost and bottommost points for samples of dissolved oxygen collected from the deepest part of both ponds. For nutrient analysis (nitrogen and phosphorus), sample from any location was found to be representative of the whole pond.
Effect of Nickel and Cadmium on Ammonium Uptake Kinetics of Free and Immobilized Cells of Anacystis nidulans
Authors: Awasthi Mamta , Chand Rai Lal 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe stress effect of Ni and Cd on the ammonium uptake varied significantly (ANOVA test) in free and immobilized state of the test organism. The effect due to the interaction between different variables (cell state type, metal type and metal dose) was studied to depict the significant or non‐significant variation in the ammonium uptake by free and immobilized cells in the presence of metal ions. Ammonium uptake exhibited a competitive mode of inhibition in the presence of Ni in both free and immobilized state of the organism. However, Cd exhibited non‐competitive and competitive inhibition in free and immobilized cells, respectively. The study demonstrates that there is a considerable influence of metal ions on the ammonium uptake. Cd was found to be more toxic compared to Ni in both free and immobilized state.
Sorption of Iron on Surfaces: Modelling, Data Evaluation, and Measurement Uncertainty
Authors: Meinrath Günther , Merkel Broder , Ödegaard‐Jensen Arvid , Ekberg Christian 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAssessment of the likely outcome of engineered invention strategies in acid mine drainage often involves complex geochemical modelling activities. Geochemical modelling is based on chemical thermodynamic data. In addition sorption models, kinetical reaction rates and transport tools are included into the modelling codes because the interactions between solution components and surfaces, reaction time and transport are considered important features characterising the site‐specific situation. In the determination of both thermodynamic data and sorption coefficients, speciation calculations play an important role. By applying the probabilistic speciation code Ljungskile to some simplified acid mine drainage scenarios, the strong impact of chemical speciation on the complete measurement uncertainty budget of geochemical modelling predictions is shown. The complete measurement uncertainty budget in combination with other metrological concepts like traceability is an essential element of quality assurance for experimental data. The elements of quality assurance are provided by international agreements and normative documents on national and international levels. The following discussion will focus on some metrological issues of sorption data.
Coagulation Efficiency and Residual Aluminum Content of Polyaluminum Silicate Chloride in Water Treatment
Authors: Gao Baoyu , Yue Qinyan , Wang Bingjian 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA series of polyaluminum silicate chlorides (PASC), which have different OH—/Al and Al/Si molar ratios, has been prepared by a copolymerization technique and a composite technique, after which the coagulation efficiency and the residual aluminum content of PASC for water treatment were compared with polyaluminum chloride (PAC) by jar test. The experimental results show that PASC has better coagulation efficiency and lower residual aluminum content than PAC, and the PASC prepared by the copolymerization technique gives a better coagulating effect than that prepared by the composite technique. In addition, the OH—/Al and Al/Si molar ratios have some effect on the coagulation effect and residual aluminum content of PASC in treated water. With increasing OH—/Al molar ratio and decreasing Al/Si molar ratio, the residual turbidity and residual aluminum content in treated water diminishes. The pH of the water sample also affects the residual aluminum content of the water and there is a lower residual aluminum content in the neutral pH range.
Molecular understanding of oxygen‐tension and patient‐variability effects on ex vivo expanded T cells
Authors: Haddad Hadar , Windgassen Dirk , Ramsborg Christopher G. , Paredes Carlos J. , Papoutsakis Eleftherios T. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractImmunotherapy with ex vivo cultured T cells depends on a large supply of biologically active cells. Understanding the effects of culture parameters is essential for improving the proliferation and efficacy of the expanded cells. Low oxygen tension (5% pO2) was previously reported to improve T‐cell expansion and alter cellular phenotypic characteristics compared to T cells cultured at 20% pO2. Here we report the use of DNA‐array based transcriptional analysis coupled with protein‐level analysis to provide molecular insights into pO2 and patient‐variability effects on expanded primary human T cells. Analysis of seven blood samples showed that reduced pO2 results in higher expression of genes important in lymphocyte biology, immune function, and cell‐cycle progression. 20% pO2 resulted in higher expression of genes involved in stress response, cell death, and cellular repair. Expression of granzyme A (gzmA) was found to be significantly regulated by oxygen tension with cells at 5% pO2 having greater gzmA expression than at 20% pO2. Protein‐level analysis of gzmA was consistent with transcriptional analysis. Granzyme K (gzmK) was coexpressed with gzmA, whereas Granzyme B (gzmB) expression was found to precede the expression of both gzmA and gzmK in 15‐day cultures. Temporal gene expression patterns for seven blood samples demonstrate that most genes are expressed by all patient samples in similar temporal patterns. However, several patient‐specific gene clusters were identified, and one cluster was found to correlate well with cell proliferation and may potentially be used to predict patient‐specific T‐cell expansion. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct injection HPLC micro method for the determination of voriconazole in plasma using an internal surface reversed‐phase column
Authors: Péhourcq F. , Jarry C. , Bannwarth B. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA direct plasma injection liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of a new triazole antifungal agent, voriconazole, using an internal surface reversed phase column. Therapeutic drug monitoring of voriconazole is relevant for patient management, especially in the case of drug–drug interaction. The method is easy to perform and requires 10 µL of a plasma sample. The chromatographic run time is less than 9 min using a mobile phase of 17:83 v/v acetonitrile–potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer, 100 mm, pH 6.0 and UV detection at 255 nm. The ﬂow rate was 1 µL/min. A linear response was observed over the concentration range 0.5–10 µg/mL (r2 = 0.977). A good accuracy (bias ≤ 7.5%) was achieved for all quality controls, with intra‐day and inter‐day variation coefﬁcients inferior to 6.7%. The lower limit of quantitation was 0.2 µg/mL, without interference of endogenous components. The stability of voriconazole in plasma stored at different temperatures was checked. Finally, the possibility of direct injection of plasma samples into the column permits a reduction in reagent consumption and in analytical steps, and hence in analytical error. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening for pyrrolizidine alkaloids in plant materials by electron ionization RP‐HPLC‐MS with thermabeam interface
Authors: Mroczek Tomasz , Baj Stefan , Chrobok Anna , Glowniak Kazimierz 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPlant samples from leaves of Cerinthe minor, Cynoglossum clandestinum, Echium tuberculatum (as well roots), Eritrichium rupestre, Lithospermum purpureo‐coerulem, Nonnea lutea, Nonnea setosa, Onosma stellulatum and Cynoglossum amabile were screened for toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) with a newly elaborated procedure comprising gradient HPLC with diode array (DAD) and thermabeam electron impact mass spectrometry (EI‐MS). Dried plant material was extracted with boiling 1% tartaric acid in methanol for 2 h on an electric basket and crude extracts puriﬁed with cation‐exchange solid phase extraction (CE‐SPE). Puriﬁed extracts containing alkaloids were separated on Zorbax SB RP18 stationary phase in gradient of 0.1% formic acid in methanol. The ﬂow rate was 0.25 mL/min and was suitable both for DAD and EI MS detections. Applied gradient procedure permitted quite sufﬁcient separation of PAs in various plant extracts. On the basis of EI MS spectra, toxic PAs with unsaturated 1,2‐double bond in the necine moiety were found in all plant materials and in nine of them (excluding only Cynoglossum amabile) for the ﬁrst time. They included the following types of structures: 9‐ and 7‐viridiﬂoryl‐retronecine monoesters, 9‐angeloyl‐7‐viridiﬂoryl‐retronecine, 9‐angeloyl‐retronecine diester, 9‐viridiﬂoryl‐retronecine saturated ester, 7‐angeloyl‐9‐viridiﬂoryl‐retronecine, 7‐angeloyl‐9‐echimidinyl‐retronecine, trachelanthamine and others. Selected ion monitoring (SIM) chromatograms at m/z 119, 120 and 136 together with analysis of UV spectra from DAD detector can be applied in rapid screening for toxic PAs in new plant extracts but to obtain detailed structural information (molecular weight and stereochemistry) more expensive hyphenation is required. Consumption of all analysed plants should be avoided as carcinogenic and hepatotoxic properties of the alkaloids detected are expected. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of albiﬂorin and paeoniﬂorin in rat urine by solid‐phase extraction and high‐performance liquid chromatography following oral administration of Si–Wu decoction
Authors: Sheng Yuxin , Li Lie , Zhang Jinlan , Guo Dean 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC), together with solid phase extraction (SPE), was developed for simultaneous determination of albiﬂorin and paeoniﬂorin in rat urine after oral administration of Si–Wu decoction. The samples were pretreated with solid phase extraction using Extract‐Clean™ cartridges. Analysis of the extract was performed on a reversed‐phase C18 column and a mobile phase made up of acetonitrile and 0.03% formic acid (17:83, v/v). UV detection was set at 230 nm. The assay was linear over the range 2.625–52.50 mg/mL for albiﬂorin and 3.875–77.50 µg/mL for paeoniﬂorin. The average percentage recoveries of three spiked urines were 97.01 ± 3.32 and 102.32 ± 6.97 for albiﬂorin and paeoniﬂorin, respectively. The intra‐day precision (RSD) ranged from 0.21 to 1.79% at concentrations of 4.20, 10.50, 26.25 and 39.375 µg/mL of albiﬂorin and 0.12 to 2.92% at concentrations of 3.875, 10.85, 23.25 and 58.125 µg/mL of paeoniﬂorin, and inter‐day precision (RSD) was from 1.02 to 1.86% for albiﬂorin and 0.94 to 3.30% for paeoniﬂorin, at the same four concentrations. This method was applied in order to analyze albiﬂorin and paeoniﬂorin in rat urine following oral administration of traditional Chinese medicinal preparation of Si–Wu decoction. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound for restaging esophageal carcinoma after chemoradiation therapy
Authors: Kalha Ishaan , Kaw Madhukar , Fukami Norio , Patel Mihir , Singh Sandeep , Gagneja Harish , Cohen Deborah , Morris Jeffrey 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDEndoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is an accurate staging modality for esophageal malignancy. Studies have determined that EUS does not retain this accuracy after chemoradiation and that it should not be used as a restaging tool for esophageal carcinoma. In this study, the authors examined their experience with esophageal carcinoma and restaging after neoadjuvant therapy with EUS.METHODSA retrospective chart review was conducted that included 83 patients with locoregional esophageal adenocarcinoma who were treated with chemoradiation under protocol. All patients underwent surgical resection. EUS was performed for restaging, and the results were compared with findings at surgical pathology using the TNM classification system.RESULTSAll 83 patients identified underwent surgery. There were 77 males, and the mean patient age was 59 years. At restaging, the tumor status (T classification) was assessed correctly by EUS in 22 of 83 patients (29%). The sensitivity of EUS for the individual T classifications were 0% for T0 tumors, 19% for T1 tumors, 27% for T2 tumors, 52% for T3 tumors, and 0% for T4 tumors. In 19 of 83 patients, the tumor classification was correct, whereas 42 of 83 patients were over classified, and 15 of 83 patients were under classified when the EUS results were compared with the surgical pathology results. The lymph node status (N classification) was assessed correctly by EUS in 41 of 83 patients. The sensitivity of EUS for N classification was 48% for N0 disease and 52% for N1 disease. Twenty‐two patients were restaged with residual disease according to the EUS results but had no evidence of residual tumor or lymph node involvement according to the surgical pathology results.CONCLUSIONSEUS did not retain its usefulness as a restaging modality after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for esophageal adenocarcinoma when the standard TNM classification system was used. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Tumor lymphangiogenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Franchi Alessandro , Gallo Oreste , Massi Daniela , Baroni Gianna , Santucci Marco 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDTumor metastasis to regional lymph nodes via the lymphatic system represents the first step of dissemination in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and serves as a major prognostic indicator for disease progression and as a guide for therapeutic strategies. In the current study, the authors investigated whether tumor lymphangiogenesis may be related to the risk of lymph node metastasis and to clinical outcome in patients with HNSCC.METHODSImmunostaining for the lymphatic marker D2‐40 was used, and lymphangiogenesis was quantified within the tumor and in the peritumoral area in 52 HNSCC specimens using computer‐assisted morphometric analysis.RESULTSLymphatic vessels were found to be significantly more numerous and larger in the peritumoral area compared with within the tumor, and the number and relative area of intratumoral and peritumoral lymphatics was significantly higher in HNSCC cases with lymph node metastasis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that high peritumoral lymphangiogenesis (above the median value) was associated with an increased risk of developing lymph node metastasis. No correlation was found between tumor lymphangiogenesis and the disease‐free or overall survival in the current series.CONCLUSIONSThe results indicate that peritumoral lymphangiogenesis may be an indicator of the risk of lymph node metastasis in patients with HNSCC. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
The toppler mouse: A novel mutant exhibiting loss of Purkinje cells
Authors: Duchala Cynthia S. , Shick H. Elizabeth , Garcia Jessica , Deweese Dannette M. , Sun Xiaoyan , Stewart Valerie J. , Macklin Wendy B. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe describe the genetic and neurological features of toppler, a spontaneous autosomal mutation that appeared in a colony of FVB/N mice and that manifests as severe ataxia appearing at around 12 days of age, worsening with age. The lifespan of affected mice is 8–12 months, with occasional mice living longer. Both homozygous males and females are fertile, and females are able to nurture litters. Histological examination of brain revealed no striking abnormalities other than the loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells. The toppler mutation was mapped to mouse chromosome 8, and to assess whether it was novel or a recurrence of a previously described chromosome 8 mouse mutant, toppler mice were crossed with the nervous and tottering mouse mutants. These studies demonstrate that toppler is a unique mouse mutation. Purkinje cell abnormalities in toppler mice were obvious around postnatal day (P) 14, i.e., toppler Purkinje cells already exhibited abnormal morphology. Staining for calbindin, a calcium binding protein enriched in Purkinje cells, showed altered dendritic morphology. Between P14 and P30, dramatic Purkinje cell loss occurred, although there were differences in the degree of Purkinje cell loss in each lobule. At P30, the surviving Purkinje cells expressed zebrin II. From P30 through 6 months, many of the remaining Purkinje cells gradually degenerated. Purkinje cell loss was analyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated biotinylated UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and Purkinje cells were TUNEL‐positive most abundantly at P21. In addition, Bergmann glia were TUNEL positive at P21, and they expressed activated caspase‐3 at earlier time points. Interestingly, despite the apparent death of some Bergmann glia, there was up‐regulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein, expressed in astrocytes as well as Bergmann glia. Given the changes in both Purkinje cells and glia in toppler cerebellum, this may be a very useful model in which to investigate the developmental interaction of Purkinje cells and Bergmann glia. J. Comp. Neurol. 476:113–129, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.