bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of dendritic development by neuronal activity
Authors: Chen Yachi , Ghosh Anirvan 
Published: May 2005

AbstractProper development of dendrites is essential for the establishment of neuronal circuitry. The elaboration of the dendritic tree is a highly dynamic and regulated process, which involves the formation of new branches as well as the maintenance or elimination of pre‐existing branches. This review describes recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of activity‐dependent dendritic development. Neuronal activity triggers calcium‐mediated signaling events that affect the structural components of dendrites and adhesion molecules. These calcium‐induced signaling pathways also target nuclear transcription factors thereby controlling expression of genes required for dendritic development. Thus, a coordinated response to calcium‐regulated signaling pathways mediates activity‐dependent dendritic development. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 64: 4–10, 2005
Remodeling dendrites during insect metamorphosis
Authors: Williams D.W. , Truman J.W. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe genesis of dendritic shape during development sets in place key characteristics of a neuron's physiology and connectivity. During this construction, a cell interprets intrinsic cell‐specific developmental programs and cues from the environment to generate its final phenotype. In insects that undergo complete metamorphosis certain neurons function in the larval nervous system and then remodel to generate an adult‐specific arbor. By studying the dendrites of neurons that undergo such a cellular metamorphosis, one can explore the mechanisms that underlie both stereotyped pruning and local remodeling. Live imaging techniques in intact Drosophila have been especially useful in examining the outgrowth of the adult‐specific dendritic arbors in remodeling dendritic arborizing (da) sensory neurons. These neurons show an initial scaffold‐building phase during which the cell establishes the overall shape of the arbor and then switch to an elaboration phase where the arbor is filled out with higher order branches. The cellular machinery employed during these two phases is different, with branch retraction being a prominent feature of the scaffold building phase but absent from the elaboration phase. The transition between these two modes does not appear to be “hard‐wired” but is plastic and under the extrinsic control of developmental hormones. This transition in branch dynamics may also involve changes in calcium signaling in the growing arbor. The potential relationship between hormone‐induced transcriptional change and the calcium dynamics in dendritic morphogenesis is discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 64: 24–33, 2005
Rho GTPases, dendritic structure, and mental retardation
Authors: Newey Sarah E. , Velamoor Vanisree , Govek Eve‐Ellen , Van Aelst Linda 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA consistent feature of neurons in patients with mental retardation is abnormal dendritic structure and/or alterations in dendritic spine morphology. Deficits in the regulation of the dendritic cytoskeleton affect both the structure and function of dendrites and synapses and are believed to underlie mental retardation in some instances. In support of this, there is good evidence that alterations in signaling pathways involving the Rho family of small GTPases, key regulators of the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons, contribute to both syndromic and nonsyndromic mental retardation disorders. Because the Rho GTPases have been shown to play increasingly well‐defined roles in determining dendrite and dendritic spine development and morphology, Rho signaling has been suggested to be important for normal cognition. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent data on the Rho GTPases pertaining to dendrite and dendritic spine morphogenesis, as well as to highlight their involvement in mental retardation resulting from a variety of genetic mutations within regulators and effectors of these molecules. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 64: 58–74, 2005
Computational modeling of dendrites
Authors: Kath William L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractComputational methods have been part of neuroscience for many years. For example, models developed with these methods have provided a theory that helps explain the action potential. More recently, as experimental patch‐electrode techniques have revealed new biophysics related to dendritic function and synaptic integration, computational models of dendrites have been developed to explain and further illuminate these results, and to predict possible additional behavior. Here, a collection of computational models of dendrites is reviewed. The goal is to help explain how such computational techniques work, some of their limitations, and what one can hope to learn about dendrites by modeling them. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 64: 91–99, 2005
Effect of guided participation on feeding competencies of mothers and their premature infants
Authors: Pridham Karen , Brown Roger , Clark Roseanne , Limbo Rana K. , Schroeder Michele , Henriques Jeffrey , Bohne Elisabeth 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe effect of guided participation (GP) on premature infant and maternal feeding competencies was examined, controlling for infant, maternal, and family conditions. Competencies were examined longitudinally and within age (1, 4, 8, and 12 months post‐term age) for 42 mother–infant pairs randomly assigned to either GP or Standard Care (SC) groups. The hypothesized GP effect on competencies across infant age received support for infants (at 1 and 8 months) and for mothers (at 4 months). The hypothesized contribution of conditions was most strongly supported by the negative relationship between family poverty status and the two maternal competency variables. The hypothesized GP moderator effect on the relationship between depressive symptoms and maternal competency variables was supported for regulation of negative affect and behavior at 8 months. Despite study limitations in power and sensitivity to detect effects, findings indicate that further study of the GP intervention is merited. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 28: 252–267, 2005
Clusters of problem behaviors in adolescents
Authors: Bartlett Robin , Holditch‐Davis Diane , Belyea Michael 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis study was designed to examine clusters of problem behaviors in a sample from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health at two time points. The technique employed was a person‐oriented approach, cluster analysis. Three clusters were identified, a normal behaviors cluster, a problem behaviors cluster, and a deviant behaviors cluster. The clusters were tested for stability and for their relationships to the demographic variables gender, race, age, and socioeconomic status. The mean values for most of the problem behaviors in the problem behaviors cluster were higher than for those in the normal behaviors cluster and lower than for those in the deviant behaviors cluster. Selling drugs and weapon use distinguished the deviant behaviors cluster from the other two. Different interventions probably will be required to address the needs of those in each of the different clusters. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 28: 230–239, 2005
Prevalence and characteristics of nursing homes residents requiring light‐care
Authors: Grando Victoria T. , Rantz Marilyn J. , Petroski Gregory F. , Maas Meridean , Popejoy Lori , Conn Vicki , Wipke‐Tevis Deidre 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRising nursing home (NH) costs and the poor quality of NH care make it important to recognize elders for whom NH care may be inappropriate. As a first step in developing a method to identify these elders, we examined the characteristics of NH residents requiring light‐care and changes in their care level from NH admission to 12‐months. Using data from the Missouri Minimal Data Set electronic database, we developed three care‐level categories based on Resource Use Groups, Version III (RUG‐III) and defined light‐care NH residents as those requiring minimal assistance with late‐loss ADLs (bed mobility, transfer, toilet use, or eating) and having no complex clinical problems. Approximately 16% of Missouri NH residents met the criteria for light‐care. They had few functional problems with mobility, personal care, communication, or incontinence; approximately 33% had difficulty maintaining balance without assistance; and 50% of those admitted as light‐care were still light‐care at 12‐months. Findings suggest that many NH residents classified as light‐care by these criteria could be cared for in community settings offering fewer services than NHs. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 28: 210–219, 2005
Wealth transfer estimates for African American households
Authors: Havens John J. , Schervish Paul G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBetween now and 2055, the amount of wealth to be transferred by African American households will be small compared to the aggregate transfer from all households. This relative scarcity places a special emphasis on wise allocation of financial resources and an equal burden on the organizations that receive charitable donations to honor the gifts by using them wisely.
Hydrolysis‐improved thermosensitive polyorganophosphazenes with α‐amino‐ω‐methoxy‐poly(ethylene glycol) and amino acid esters as side groups
Authors: Lee Sang Beom , Song Soo‐Chang 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA series of hydrolysis‐improved thermosensitive polyorganophosphazenes with α‐amino‐ω‐methoxy‐poly(ethylene glycol) (AMPEG) and amino acid esters (AAEs) of ‘N,N‐systems’ was synthesized, and their properties were evaluated in comparison with the thermosensitive polyorganophosphazenes with methoxy‐poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) and AAEs of ‘O,N‐systems’, by means of 31P NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Most of the present polymers showed a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in the range 32.0–79.0 °C, depending on the kinds of AAE, length of AMPEG and the mol ratio of the two substituents. These polymers exhibited higher LCSTs and faster degradation rates than the MPEG‐based polymers. The aqueous solution of poly(ethyl glycinate phosphazene)‐graft‐poly(ethylene glycol) [NP(GlyEt)0.94(AMPEG350)1.06]n did not show an LCST, which is presumed to be due to its high hydrophilicity, in contrast to [NP(GlyEt)1.01(MPEG350)0.99]n which showing an LCST at 77.5 °C. On the other hand, the polymers with a high content of AAE or with hydrophobic amino acids such as L‐aspartic acid and L‐glutamic acid, have shown a similar LCST to those of the MPEG‐based polymers. The half‐lives (t1/2) for hydrolysis of [NP(AMPEG350)1.06(GlyEt)0.94]n at pH 5, 7.4 and 10 were 9, 16, and 5 days, respectively, which are almost 2.5 to 4 times faster than that of the MPEG‐based polymers. The LCST of the present N,N‐polymers has been shown to be more influenced by salts such as NaCl (‘salting‐out’ effect) and tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPAB) (‘salting‐in’ effect) compared with the ‘O,N‐system’. Such differences of the ‘N,N‐systems’ from the ‘O,N‐systems’ in thermosensitivity, hydrolysis behavior and salt effect seem to be due to the higher hydrophilicity of the amino group in AMPEG. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of protein and peptide prefractionation methods for the shotgun proteomic analysis of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Gan Chee Sian , Reardon Kenneth F. , Wright Phillip C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractProteome analysis by gel‐free “shotgun” proteomics relies on the simplification of a peptide mixture before it is analyzed in a mass spectrometer. While separation on a reverse‐phase (RP) liquid chromatographic column is widely employed, a variety of other methods have been used to fractionate both proteins and peptides before this step. We compared six different protein and peptide fractionation workflows, using Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a useful model cyanobacterium for potential exploitation to improve its production of hydrogen and other secondary metabolites. Pre‐digestion protein separation was performed by strip‐based isoelectric focusing, one‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, or weak anion exchange chromatography, while pre‐RP peptide separation was accomplished by isoelectric focusing (IEF) or strong cation exchange chromatography. Peptides were identified using electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight‐tandem mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectra were analyzed using ProID software employing both a single organism database and the entire NCBI non‐redundant database, and a total of 776 proteins were identified using a stringent set of selection criteria. Method comparisons were made on the basis of the results obtained (number and types of proteins identified), as well as ease of use and other practical aspects. IEF‐IEF protein and peptide fractionation prior to RP gave the best overall performance.
Lethal and sub‐lethal effects of spinosad on bumble bees (Bombus impatiens Cresson)
Authors: Morandin Lora A , Winston Mark L , Franklin Michelle T , Abbott Virginia A 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRecent developments of new families of pesticides and growing awareness of the importance of wild pollinators for crop pollination have stimulated interest in potential effects of novel pesticides on wild bees. Yet pesticide toxicity studies on wild bees remain rare, and few studies have included long‐term monitoring of bumble bee colonies or testing of foraging ability after pesticide exposure. Larval bees feeding on exogenous pollen and exposed to pesticides during development may result in lethal or sub‐lethal effects during the adult stage. We tested the effects of a naturally derived biopesticide, spinosad, on bumble bee (Bombus impatiens Cresson) colony health, including adult mortality, brood development, weights of emerging bees and foraging efficiency of adults that underwent larval development during exposure to spinosad. We monitored colonies from an early stage, over a 10‐week period, and fed spinosad to colonies in pollen at four levels: control, 0.2, 0.8 and 8.0 mg kg−1, during weeks 2 through 5 of the experiment. At concentrations that bees would likely encounter in pollen in the wild (0.2–0.8 mg kg−1) we detected minimal negative effects to bumble bee colonies. Brood and adult mortality was high at 8.0 mg kg−1 spinosad, about twice the level that bees would be exposed to in a ‘worst case’ field scenario, resulting in colony death two to four weeks after initial pesticide exposure. At more realistic concentrations there were potentially important sub‐lethal effects. Adult worker bees exposed to spinosad during larval development at 0.8 mg kg−1 were slower foragers on artificial complex flower arrays than bees from low or no spinosad treated colonies. Inclusion of similar sub‐lethal assays to detect effects of pesticides on pollinators would aid in development of environmentally responsible pest management strategies. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
A gauge invariant approach to the Raman scattering in heavily doped crystals
Authors: Klochikhin A. A. , Davydov V. Yu. , Emtsev V. V. , Smirnov A. N. , Baltz R. v. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA gauge invariant approach to the Raman scattering from L––LO–L+ modes in heavily doped n‐type semiconductors is developed. Sum rules expressing the charge conservation of electrons and ions are established for the allowed scattering mechanism (deformation potential and interband Fröhlich interactions), forbidden mechanism (intraband Fröhlich + Coulomb interactions), and the mechanism of charge density fluctuations. Impurity induced Raman processes for all three mechanisms are considered. Our predictions agree well with new experimental data on GaAs, GaN, and InN crystals. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Self‐organization of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles on the macroscopic scale
Authors: Rempel Andrej A. , Kozhevnikova Natalia S. , Van den Berghe Sven , Van Renterghem Wouter , Leenaers Ann J. G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA self‐organization of chemical bath deposited cadmium sulfide colloidal particles into well shaped hexagonal prisms of nearly the same size in a micrometer range is found. The self‐organization phenomenon itself and the size of resulting prisms depend on the chemical affinity of the deposition reaction. In spite of the nearly perfect shape, the inner structure of the CdS colloidal crystals is highly disordered and has at least two hierarchy levels. On the scale of scanning electron microscopy, the loose and disordered microstructure of the colloidal crystals consists of nonuniformly shaped coagulates, with sizes between 150 and 250 nm. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the coagulates are polycrystals with large angle boundaries between nonuniformly shaped grains with an average size of 7 ± 2 nm. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Prediction of a high‐density phase of SiO2 with a high dielectric constant
Authors: Ouyang Lizhi , Ching Wai‐Yim 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have studied a cubic phase of SiO2 with an inverse‐Ag2O‐type structure by first‐principles calculations based on density functional theory. The electronic structure, dielectric, mechanical, and thermodynamic properties of this cubic phase are studied in detail. Our calculations show that this cubic phase composed of corner‐shared SiO4 units has a density of 3.6–3.7 g/cm, higher than any known tetrahedrally‐coordinated SiO2 phases (cf. Devine et al. [1]). It also has high optical and static dielectric constants of 3.34 and 9.73, respectively. Moreover, its lattice constant differs by only 1–2% from Si(100) surfaces, making it a suitable candidate for a defect free Si/SiO2 superlattice. The calculated phonon dispersion demonstrates that the structure is at least locally stable. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Changes in soil C‐isotopic composition in an agroecosystem under Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) treatment during a crop rotation period
Authors: Giesemann Anette 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFACE (Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment) has been used since 1999 to evaluate the effects of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations on an arable crop agroecosystem. The experiment conducted at the Institute of Agroecology at the Federal Research Centre in Braunschweig consists of a typical local crop rotation of winter barley, a cover crop, sugar beet and winter wheat. The atmospheric CO2 concentration of ambient air is about 375 ppm with a δ13C value of −7 to −9‰, and 550 ppm (δ13C value = −20.2‰) during daylight hours in the rings fumigated with additional CO2. Thus, the surplus C can be traced in the agricultural system. Over the course of the first experimental period (3‐year crop rotation period), the C‐isotopic composition and the C concentration in soil were monitored monthly. Plant samples were analysed according to the relevant developmental stages of the crop under cultivation. A 13C depletion was observed in plant parts, as well as in soil samples from the FACE rings under CO2 enrichment, indicating that labelled C has reached both respective ecosystem compartments. Albeit farming management practice (especially ploughing) leads to a mixing of ‘old’ and ‘new’ C compounds throughout all soil horizons down to the end of the ploughing layer and resulted in a heterogeneous distribution of newly formed C compounds in the soil, isotope analysis of soil C reflected where the surplus C went. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post‐photosynthetic fractionation of stable carbon isotopes between plant organs—a widespread phenomenon
Authors: Badeck Franz‐W. , Tcherkez Guillaume , Nogués Salvador , Piel Clément , Ghashghaie Jaleh 
Published: May 2005

AbstractDiscrimination against 13C during photosynthesis is a well‐characterised phenomenon. It leaves behind distinct signatures in organic matter of plants and in the atmosphere. The former is depleted in 13C, the latter is enriched during periods of preponderant photosynthetic activity of terrestrial ecosystems. The intra‐annual cycle and latitudinal gradient in atmospheric 13C resulting from photosynthetic and respiratory activities of terrestrial plants have been exploited for the reconstruction of sources and sinks through deconvolution by inverse modelling. Here, we compile evidence for widespread post‐photosynthetic fractionation that further modifies the isotopic signatures of individual plant organs and consequently leads to consistent differences in δ13C between plant organs. Leaves were on average 0.96‰ and 1.91‰ more depleted than roots and woody stems, respectively. This phenomenon is relevant if the isotopic signature of CO2‐exchange fluxes at the ecosystem level is used for the reconstruction of individual sources and sinks. It may also modify the parameterisation of inverse modelling approaches if it leads to different isotopic signatures of organic matter with different residence times within the ecosystems and to a respiratory contribution to the average difference between the isotopic composition of plant organic matter and the atmosphere. We discuss the main hypotheses that can explain the observed inter‐organ differences in δ13C. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Choice of dietary protein of vegetarians and omnivores is reflected in their hair protein 13C and 15N abundance
Authors: Petzke Klaus J. , Boeing Heiner , Metges Cornelia C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractStable isotopic (15N, 13C) composition of tissues depends on isotopic pattern of food sources. We investigated whether the isotopic compositions of human hair protein and amino acids reflect the habitual dietary protein intake. Hair samples were analyzed from 100 omnivores (selected randomly out of the 1987–1988 German nutrition survey VERA), and from 15 ovo‐lacto‐vegetarians (OLV), and from 6 vegans recruited separately. Hair bulk and amino acid specific isotopic compositions were analyzed by isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry (EA/IRMS and GC/C/IRMS, respectively) and the results were correlated with data of the 7 day dietary records. Hair bulk 15N and 13C abundances clearly reflect the particular eating habits. Vegans can be distinguished from OLV and both are significantly distinct from omnivores in both 15N and 13C abundances. 15N and 13C abundances rose with a higher proportion of animal to total protein intake (PAPI). Individual proportions of animal protein consumption (IPAP) were calculated using isotopic abundances and a linear regression model using animal protein consumption data of vegans (PAPI = 0) and omnivores (mean PAPI = 0.639). IPAP values positively correlated with the intake of protein, meat, meat products, and animal protein. Distinct patterns for hair amino acid specific 15N and 13C abundances were measured but with lower resolution between food preference groups compared with bulk values. In conclusion, hair 13C and 15N values both reflected the extent of animal protein consumption. Bulk isotopic abundance of hair can be tested for future use in the validation of dietary assessment methods. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.