bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doppler study of the fetal circulation during long‐term maternal hyperoxygenation for severe early onset intrauterine growth retardation
Authors: Bilardo C. M. , Snijders R. M. , Campbell S. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn 21 severely growth‐retarded, hypoxemic fetuses at 22–30 weeks' gestation, the effect of long‐term maternal hyperoxygenation on serial Doppler measurements of the fetal descending thoracic aorta mean velocity (Vm), common carotid artery pulsatility index (PI) and umbilical artery PI was investigated. The treatment was continued on average for 4 weeks and delivery, at 26–34 weeks, was decided for fetal or maternal indications. In the subgroup of 12 fetuses that survived, the mean aortic Vm increased within 72 h of maternal hyperoxygenation. This increase continued for 1–8 weeks, after which there was a decrease to pretreatment values. In the subgroup of neonatal deaths (n = 5)) there was a non‐significant increase in mean aortic Vm. In the subgroup of intrauterine deaths (n = 4), there was a non‐significant trend for continuing deterioration in mean aortic Vm throughout the period of maternal hyperoxygenation. The mean carotid PI did not change significantly in any of the subgroups during maternal hyperoxygenation. However, in the subgroup that survived there was a tendency for improvement and in the subgroup of intrauterine deaths a tendency for deterioration. The mean umbilical artery PI did not change significantly in any of the groups or subgroups during maternal hyperoxygenation. Therefore, measurement of aortic Vm is a useful indicator of fetal response to maternal hyperoxygenation and its increase constitutes a favorable prognostic factor. Copyright © 1991 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The role of transvaginal sonography in the early detection of congenital heart disease
Authors: Johnson P. , Sharland G. , Maxwell D. , Allan L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe antenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease by fetal echocardiography is rarely achieved before 18–20 weeks' gestation. Transvaginal sonography allows examination of fetal anatomy at earlier gestations than the transabdominal approach. In a screening study of 270 low‐risk women between 8 and 14 weeks' gestation using a 5 MHz vaginal transducer, it was possible to obtain adequate four‐chamber views in over 70% from 12 weeks. In a second study of 32 women at high risk of congenital heart disease scanned between 14 and 15 weeks' gestation, satisfactory views were obtained transvaginally in 21 women. Seven of the remainder had normal cardiac anatomy confirmed by transabdominal scanning. In three of the four where normal cardiac anatomy could not be demonstrated by either transvaginal or transabdominal scanning, severe congenital heart disease was diagnosed and later confirmed.It is unlikely that transvaginal sonography will replace abdominal scanning for the screening of low‐risk pregnancies, but it is a valuable addition to the early examination of those women identified as being at high risk of congenital heart disease. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal diagnosis of Klippel—Trenaunay—Weber syndrome: a case report
Authors: Heydanus R. , Wladimiroff J. W. , Brandenburg H. , Gaillard J. L. J. , Stewart P. A. , Niermeijer M. F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAt 20 weeks of gestation, a typical combination of a massive enlargement of the right fetal leg and multiple cystic lesions was detected at ultrasound examination. Color‐coded Doppler examination revealed no arteriovenous fistulae.These findings allowed an in utero diagnosis of the Klippel‐Trenaunay‐Weber syndrome, which was confirmed after subsequent termination of the pregnancy. The severe malformation involved the upper and lower right leg. No arteriovenous fistulae were found. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Routine ultrasonography in utero and subsequent growth during childhood
Authors: Salvesen K. Å. , Jacobsen G. , Vatten L. J. , Eik‐Nes S. H. , Bakketeig L. S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe study was performed to investigate any associations between routine ultrasonography during pregnancy and subsequent growth during childhood. A follow‐up was carried out of children born to women who took part in two randomized, controlled trials of ultrasonic screening during pregnancy. From a total of 2428 eligible children, 2140 (88%) were followed up with measurements of growth at Norwegian maternal and child health centers. The body weight and height were recorded at birth and at 3, 6 and 12 months of age; and subsequently at 2, 4 and 7 years of age. A repeated‐measures analysis of growth was carried out, stratified by maternal smoking in a subsample of 1201 children. No significant differences between ultrasound‐screened children, and their controls, were found in mean body weight, or height, at birth and at all the subsequent visits to the health centers. However, the repeated‐measures analysis of variance in the subsample indicated that growth from birth to 7 years of age differed significantly (p = 0.02) between screened and control children of mothers who reported smoking at the first antenatal visit. We conclude that children who were routinely exposed to ultrasonography in utero showed no statistically significant differences in growth during childhood compared to control children. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Miscarriage diagnosis and gestational age estimation in the early first trimester of pregnancy: transabdominal versus transvaginal sonography
Authors: Ferrazzi E. , Garbo S. , Sulpizio P. , Ghisoni L. , Levi Setti P. , Buscaglia M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA comparison is made between 290 patients examined using transabdominal sonography and 308 patients examined using transvaginal sonography. Patients with suboptimal menstrual histories and threatened miscarriages were excluded from these two groups of patients. The transabdominal and transvaginal sonography examinations were carried out while the patient's bladder was empty, so that there was no delay between the clinical and sonographic examinations. In this way there was no patient discomfort from a full bladder. In normal pregnancies after 42 days of amenorrhea, the percentage visualization rates of the chorionic sac, of the embryo with heart activity and of the yolk sac were measured. There were no significant differences between the two groups. The two techniques were able to provide a reliable diagnosis of miscarriage on embryos ≥ 4 mm or with chorionic sacs ≥ 10 mm mean diameter. However, before 42 days of gestation, transvaginal sonography was better than transabdominal sonography at diagnosing miscarriage. The percentage of anembryonic pregnancies was higher in the transabdominal sonography group (21%) than in the transvaginal sonography group (7%), despite similar gestational ages at the time of a positive diagnosis. Thus, a transabdominal scan can be used after 42 days and borderline cases can be referred for transvaginal sonography for confirmation. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fetal endocarditis in left atrial isomerism—a case report
Authors: Respondek M. , Kaluzynski A. , Alwasiak J. , Jaszewski P. , Wilczynski J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe report a case of fetal endocarditis coexisting with a congenital heart defect: a common atrium (left atrial isomerism) with complete congenital heart block. The case was studied by echocardiography from 32 to 39 weeks of gestation. A postmortem examination was carried out a few hours after Cesarean section. The autopsy, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings revealed endocarditis. We think that abnormal turbulent systolic and diastolic flow of the semilunar valve, seen in fetal Doppler echocardiography, may be a sign of fetal endocarditis even though clear evidence of vegetations were not seen. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal diagnosis of cavernous lymphangioma of the arm
Authors: Giacalone P. L. , Boulot P. , Deschamps F. , Hedon B. , Laffargue F. , Viala J. L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe present a case of prenatal diagnosis of a fetal cystic hygroma of the arm diagnosed using ultrasound scanning in the 32nd week of gestation. This represents the first reported case of cystic hygroma in this location. Ultrasonography was useful for the assessment of fetal arm mobility and for monitoring the volume of the mass during the pregnancy. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
First‐trimester fetal biometry using transvaginal sonography
Authors: Lasser D. M. , Peisner D. B. , Vollebergh J. , Timor‐Tritsch I. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFirst‐trimester fetal biometry using transvaginal sonography is now feasible and desirable due to improved imaging and probe maneuverability. A study of 144 early normal pregnancies with precise dates is presented. Regression models were constructed for the crown–rump length, biparietal diameter, head circumference and abdominal circumference. Error analysis of the technique and calculations was performed. First‐trimester fetal biometry may be used for obtaining precise estimates of gestational age and may help to detect early fetal maldevelopment resulting in abnormal growth. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fetal upper respiratory tract function in cases of antenatally diagnosed congenital diaphragmatic hernia: preliminary observations
Authors: Fox H. E. , Badalian S. S. , Timor‐Tritsch I. E. , Marks F. , Stolar C. J. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFetal upper respiratory tract function was studied in five cases of antenatally diagnosed congenital diaphragmatic hernia and in 16 cases of uncomplicated pregnancy at gestational ages ranging from 27 to 38 weeks. The evaluation of fetal upper respiratory tract function was performed using ultrasonography combined with color‐flow and spectral Doppler analysis. In all cases with uncomplicated pregnancy, fetal breathing‐related nasal and oropharyngeal fluid flow was seen at the level of the nose. The five cases with congenital diaphragmatic hernia all demonstrated fetal breathing activity by thoracic wall movement. In four of the fetuses, perinasal fluid flow was seen by the Doppler technique. The fetus with no demonstrated perinasal flow during breathing movements died in the early neonatal period and had pulmonary hypoplasia. Observation of the fetal breathing‐related nasal and oropharyngeal fluid flow in cases of antenatally diagnosed congenital diaphragmatic hernia provides a rationale to hypothesize that the absence of this phenomenon is a useful marker for prenatal prediction of pulmonary hypoplasia. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Correlation of Doppler and placental immunohistochemical features in normal and intrauterine growth‐retarded fetuses
Authors: Locci M. , Nazzaro G. , De Placido G. , Nazzaro A. , Colacurci N. , Montagnani S. , Montemagno U. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe aim of this study was to correlate and compare Doppler and anatomical placental findings obtained from 48 normal and 35 intrauterine growth‐retarded (IUGR) fetuses. The IUGR group consisted of 19 fetuses from pregnancies complicated by pre‐eclampsia and 16 from healthy mothers. Color Doppler evaluation of umbilical, spiral and uterine arteries was performed. Placental specimens from both normal and growth‐retarded fetuses were obtained at the time of delivery. Placental specimens were evaluated using histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. A progressive decrease in the pulsatility index was observed in umbilical, spiral and uterine arteries throughout pregnancy in the normal‐growth fetuses. High umbilical artery pulsatility index values were obtained in 29 out of the 35 growth‐retarded fetuses, six of them showing absent or reversed end‐diastolic umbilical artery flow pattern. A total of 13 IUGR fetuses showed high resistance uterine artery flow velocity waveforms. Increased pulsatility index values were obtained from the spiral arteries of 16 growth‐retarded fetuses. Abnormal histological and histochemical placental patterns were observed in all the growth‐retarded fetuses with umbilical artery Doppler abnormalities. The presence of a peculiar dendritic cell subpopulation, strongly resembling the Langerhans cells, expressing the HLA‐DR+/CD1+ phenotype, was detected in all growth‐retarded fetuses, whether there was maternal pathology or not. Our data show uterine and spiral artery data as being ineffective in the monitoring of IUGR fetuses. The placental extracellular matrix seems to play an important role in the regulation of the umbilical circulation. The presence of CD1+ cells as a sign of a possible immunological mechanism in the pathogenesis of the intrauterine growth retardation is discussed. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fetal hyperechogenic bowel and Down's syndrome
Authors: Nyberg D. A. , Resta R. G. , Mahony B. S. , Dubinsky T. , Luthy D. A. , Hickok D. E. , Luthardt F. W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHyperechogenic bowel was identified among 55 of 6781 (0.81%) fetuses prior to second‐trimester genetic amniocentesis. Trisomy 21 was found in eight of the 55 (14.5%) fetuses identified with hyperechogenic bowel compared to 60 of 6726 (0.89%) fetuses with normal bowel echogenicity (p < 0.001). Hyperechogenic bowel carried a 16‐fold greater risk for Down's syndrome than normal bowel echogenicity (relative risk 16.8, 95% confidence intervals 8.2–32.5). Chromosome abnormalities other than trisomy 21 were found in four additional fetuses with hyperechogenic bowel (two triploid and one each with 47,XXX; 45,X/47,XXX mosaicisim). Combining these four cases with the eight fetuses having trisomy 21, 21.8% (12 of 55) of fetuses with hyperechogenic bowel proved to have a chromosome abnormality. We conclude that hyperechogenic bowel is associated with chromosome abnormalities, particularly Down's syndrome, when detected during the second trimester. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Doppler studies of uterine arteries in spontaneous and artificially induced menopausal women
Authors: Luzi G. , Coata G. , Cucchia G. C. , Cosmi E. V. , Di Renzo G. C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn the postmenopausal period, women's genital organs undergo several changes and female hormones, as well as modification of vascular reactivity to various stimuli, play a major role in this process. We studied the modification of uterine vascularity consequent to spontaneous or artificially induced menopause, with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs. Flow velocity waveforms of the uterine arteries were detected using a color Doppler imaging system with a transvaginal probe; the pulsatility index was calculated. The study group consisted of 15 women observed before and after 6 months of treatment with GnRH analogs (triptorelin 3.75 mg depot every 4 weeks intramuscularly) for uterine fibromyomata; 20 women after 5 years of spontaneous menopause; and 20 healthy and normally menstruating women in the late luteal phase. We found a significant difference among the three groups with a progressive increase of the pulsatility index in spontaneous menopausal women. This phenomenon may be due to a different hormonal pattern which exists in spontaneous and artificially induced menopause (increase of gonadotropin level in the former and decrease in the latter), and to a decrease of vascular compliance caused by progressive sclerosis of the vasal walls. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Methotrexate treatment of unilateral twin ectopic pregnancy: case report and pharmacokinetic considerations
Authors: Fernandez H. , Bourget P. , Lelaidier C. , Doumerc S. , Frydman R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe describe a case of spontaneous twin ectopic pregnancy, managed with the combination of local injection under ultrasound control and intramuscular administration of methotrexate. We describe a difference between the area under the curve of declining plasma concentration of methotrexate after intramuscular and local injection. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The association between an abnormal nuchal skin fold, trisomy 21, and ultrasound abnormalities identified during the second trimester of pregnancy
Authors: DeVore G. R. , Alfi O. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFetal echocardiography and a detailed non‐cardiovascular ultrasound examination were performed prospectively between 14 and 23 weeks of gestation prior to genetic amniocentesis in 2800 consecutive fetuses at increased risk for trisomy 21 due to advanced maternal age or a low maternal serum α‐fetoprotein. An abnormal nuchal skin fold was defined as ≥6 mm. Of 2800 fetuses, 23 (0.82%) had an abnormal nuchal skin fold. Seven of 35 fetuses (20%) with trisomy 21 and one of 12 fetuses (8.3%) with trisomy 18 had an abnormal nuchal skin fold. Of the 23 fetuses with an abnormal nuchal skin fold, seven (30.4%) had trisomy 21, one (4.4%) trisomy 18, one (4.4%), 46,XY,11p+ and 14 (60.8%) had normal karyotypes. The fetuses with trisomy 18 and 46,XY,11p+ had malformations of the cardiovascular and non‐cardiovascular organ systems. Five of seven (71%) fetuses with trisomy 21 and an abnormal nuchal skin fold had abnormalities of both the cardiovascular and non‐cardiovascular organ systems; one of seven (14.5%) had a heart defect only; and one of seven (14.5%) an abnormality of a non‐cardiovascular organ system. Of the 14 fetuses with an abnormal nuchal skin fold and normal karyotype, seven had no additional abnormalities, six an abnormality of the heart, and one a non‐cardiovascular defect. Fetuses with an abnormal nuchal skin fold had a significant increased incidence of trisomy 21 when a combination of cardiovascular and non‐cardiovascular abnormalities were present compared to fetuses with no additional defects or a single defect of the heart or non‐cardiovascular organ system (p = 0.001). In fetuses with an abnormal nuchal skin fold, the incidence of congenital heart disease was 6155, central nervous system defects 17%, hyperechoic bowel 8.7%, and renal abnormalities 17.4%.These findings would suggest that the fetus identified with an abnormal nuchal skin fold with additional cardiovascular and non‐cardiovascular abnormalities has a greater risk for chromosomal aneuploidy compared to the fetus with an isolated abnormal nuchal skin fold or with one additional abnormality of the heart or a non‐cardiovascular organ system. When an abnormal nuchal skin fold is identified, careful evaluation of the fetal cardiovascular system should be made. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Measurements of fetal limb bones in early pregnancy
Authors: Zorzoli A. , Kustermann A. , Caravelli E. , Corso F. E. , Fogliani R. , Aimi G. , Nicolini U. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe fetal humerus, radius/ulna, femur, tibia/fibula and foot were measured in 296 pregnant women at 64–108 days' menstrual age, using vaginal sonography. All limb measurements correlated significantly with gestational age and biparietal diameter independently. Ratios of limb segment lengths did not change with gestation. Reference ranges (mean and 95% data intervals) were constructed for each limb segment. These data may prove useful in prenatal diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias and in the antenatal assessment of patients at risk of chromosomal abnormalities. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Use of intracavity saline instillation and transvaginal ultrasonography to detect tamoxifen‐associated endometrial polyps
Authors: Bourne T. H. , Lawton F. , Leather A. , Granberg S. , Campbell S. , Collins W. P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThere is sometimes a discrepancy between the apparent thickness of postmenopausal endometria, as determined by transvaginal ultrasonography, and the examination of endometrial biopsies. We describe a case which showed that tamoxifen (20 mg/day over 12 months) decreased impedance to blood flow in the uterine arteries and increased the apparent thickness of the endometrium. Conversely, the analysis of biopsies suggested the presence of an atrophic endometrium. The introduction of sterile saline into the uterine cavity during a repeat ultrasound scan revealed the presence of a large, free‐floating endometrial polyp, which was subsequently difficult to see by hysteroscopy. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Epignathus: clinical and sonographic observations of two cases
Authors: Gaucherand P. , Rudigoz R. C. , Chappuis J.‐P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe epignathus or mature pluritissued teratoma of the mid‐line of the palate is a benign tumor for which the neonatal prognosis is related to the obstruction of the superior airway. This paper concerns observations of two cases, which developed in different ways.Echography enables diagnosis of this type of malformation which classically combines a heterogeneous polylobed mass, polyhydramnios and the absence of other morphological anomalies. It enables an accurate differential diagnosis to be made by eliminating the other masses of the cephalic region. Echographic diagnosis also allows a rational management decision to be made, i. e. termination of pregnancy if prognosis is poor, or continuation with multidisciplinary (neonatologist, obstetrician, surgeon) intervention at birth. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Growth of the fetal gall bladder in normal pregnancies
Authors: Goldstein I. , Tamir A. , Weisman A. , Jakobi P. , Copel J. A. 
Published: March 2003

Our objective was to obtain dimensions of the fetal gall bladder as a basis, for further studies and to establish normative data to assess deviations in growth. The study group included 183 normal pregnant women from 13 to 40 weeks' gestation. Routine biometric measurements were obtained on all fetuses, including biparietal diameter, head and abdominal circumferences and measurements of the long bones and the two diameters of the fetal gull bladder. The gall bladder area and circumference were calculated for each gestational age.A linear growth function was observed across the gestational age and a first‐degree correlation was found to exist between gestational age and both the longitudinal (r = 0.77067; p < 0.00001; y = ‐0.41060 + 0.0907 × gestational age) and transverse (r = 0.602; p < 0.00001; y = 0.58567 + 0.01925 × gestational age) diameters of the fetal gall bladder. A significant correlation was also found between gull bladder area and gestational age (r = 0.6878; p < 0.00001), biparietal diameter (r = 0.72768; p < 0.00001), abdominal circumference (r = 0.71363; p < 0.00001) and femoral length (r = 0.72190; p < 0.00001). In addition, a significant correlation was found between gall bladder circumference and gestational age (r = 0.76181; p < 0.00001), biparietal diameter (r = 0.80039; p < 0.00001), abdominal circumference (r = 0.78030; p < 0.00001) and femoral length (r = 0.79694; p < 0.00001).These results provide normative data of the fetal gall bladder in various dimensions and across gestational age. In addition, the data offer the potential for prenatal diagnosis of additional lesions in the extrahepatic biliary duct system.