bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medicinal Cannabis: Extended Stability of Cannabis Extracts Produced Using a New Ethanol-based Extraction Method
Authors: Morano Camillo , Dei Cas Michele , Casagni Eleonora , Pallavicini Marco , Bolchi Cristiano , Penati Sara , Cuomo Arturo , Cascella Marco , Bimonte Sabrina , Spensiero Antonia , Ferrari Andrea , Lombardi Annunziata , Roda Gabriella 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCannabis as a therapeutic agent is increasing in popularity all around the globe, particularly in Western countries, and its potential is now well assessed. On the other hand, each country
has its own regulation for the preparation of cannabis macerated oils; in Italy, there are only a few preparation methods allowed. With this work, we aim to perform a stability study of
cannabis oils produced with a novel method for the extraction of cannabinoids from cannabis inflorescence. Three different varieties of cannabis were used, with and without the adding of
tocopherol acetate as an antioxidant. Cannabinoids were extracted using ethanol at room temperature; then, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the preparations
reconstituted with olive oil. In this work, we assessed the stability of both cannabinoids and terpenes in these formulas over 8 months. Cannabinoid stability was assessed by monitoring the
concentrations of THC and CBD, while terpene stability was assessed by monitoring β-Caryophyllene and α-Humulene concentrations. Stability of the extracts was not influenced by
the presence of tocopherol acetate, though refrigeration seems to be detrimental for a long storage of products, especially regarding THC concentrations. The improvements offered by this
method reside in the flexibility in controlling the concentration of the extract and the ability to produce highly concentrated oils, alongside the possibility to produce standardized oils
despite the variability of the starting plant material.
Regioselective Synthesis of 2,4- and 2,5-Disubstituted 1,3-Thiazoles from 2-Oxo-2-(amino)ethanedithioates via Base-Catalyzed Cyclization
Authors: Sadashiva Maralinganadoddi P. , Singh Krishna Ravi , Santhosh Chikkappaiahnayaka , Sheela Kalleshappa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFacile and efficient methods are reported for the synthesis of 2,4- and 2,5-disubstituted-1,3-thiazoles by the cyclization of 2-oxo-2-(amino)ethanedithioates with TosMIC and α-haloketones in high yields. Key structures were confirmed based on X-ray crystallographic studies. In addition, investigation of ground state geometry, electronic and molecular structural properties, FMOs, global reactivity descriptors, MEP and NCI analyses were predicted to access the information related to the stability, reactivity, and strength of the interactions present in the molecules by quantum chemical calculations. Further, the potency of derivatives was tested against the SARS-Cov2 receptor (PDB ID: 7mc6) via molecular docking approach with binding scores of –6.0 to –8.4 kcal/mol.
Improvement of adenoma detection rate by two computer-aided colonic polyp detection systems in high adenoma detectors: a randomized multicenter trial
Authors: Tiankanon Kasenee , Aniwan Satimai , Kerr Stephen J , Mekritthikrai Krittaya , Kongtab Natanong , Wisedopas Naruemon , Piyachaturawat Panida , Kulpatcharapong Santi , Linlawan Sittikorn , Phromnil Poonrada , Muangpaisarn Puth , Orprayoon Theerapat , Chanyaswad Jaruwan , Sunthornwechapong Panukorn , Vateekul Peerapon , Kullavanijaya Pinit , Rerknimitr Rungsun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of a self-developed computer-aided polyp detection system (SD-CADe) and a commercial system (CM-CADe) for high adenoma detectors compared with white-light endoscopy (WLE) as a control.
Methods Average-risk 50–75-year-old individuals who underwent screening colonoscopy at five referral centers were randomized to SD-CADe, CM-CADe, or WLE groups (1:1:1 ratio). Trainees and staff with an adenoma detection rate (ADR) of ≥35% were recruited. The primary outcome was ADR. Secondary outcomes were the proximal adenoma detection rate (pADR), advanced adenoma detection rate (AADR), and the number of adenomas, proximal adenomas, and advanced adenomas per colonoscopy (APC, pAPC, and AAPC, respectively).
Results The study enrolled 1200 participants. The ADR in the
control, CM-CADe, and SD-CADe groups was 38.3%, 50.0%, and 54.8%, respectively. The pADR was
23.0%, 32.3%, and 38.8%, respectively. AADR was 6.0%, 10.3%, and 9.5%, respectively. After
adjustment, the ADR and pADR in both intervention groups were significantly higher than in
controls (all P<0.05). The APC in the control, CM-CADe, and SD-CADe groups was 0.66, 1.04,
and 1.16, respectively. The pAPC was 0.33, 0.53, and 0.64, respectively, and the AAPC was
0.07, 0.12, and 0.10, respectively. Both CADe systems showed significantly higher APC and pAPC
than WLE. AADR and AAPC were improved in both CADe groups versus control, although the
differences were not statistically significant.
Conclusion Even in high adenoma detectors, CADe significantly improved ADR and APC. The AADR tended to be higher with both systems, and this may enhance colorectal cancer prevention.
Surgical Management and Advances in the Treatment of Glioma
Authors: Hardigan Andrew A. , Jackson Joshua D. , Patel Anoop P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe care of patients with both high-grade glioma and low-grade glioma necessitates an interdisciplinary collaboration between neurosurgeons, neuro-oncologists, neurologists and other practitioners. In this review, we aim to detail the considerations, approaches and advances in the neurosurgical care of gliomas. We describe the impact of extent-of-resection in high-grade and low-grade glioma, with particular focus on primary and recurrent glioblastoma. We address advances in surgical methods and adjunct technologies such as intraoperative imaging and fluorescence guided surgery that maximize extent-of-resection while minimizing the potential for iatrogenic neurological deficits. Finally, we review surgically-mediated therapies other than resection and discuss the role of neurosurgery in emerging paradigm-shifts in inter-disciplinary glioma management such as serial tissue sampling and “window of opportunity trials”.
Ultrathin interferometric hydrophone towed line array based on uwFBG
Authors: Wu Su , Gu Hongcan , Pang Yandong , Liu Wen , Wang Jiabei , Huang Junbin 
Published: November 2023

In order to improve the suitability of the fiber hydrophone towing line array, we propose an interferometric hydrophone towed line array with a diameter of 1.7 mm. The line array is an integration of sensitization and package, embedding grating sensors in the composite materials of Kevlar and polyurethane in an additional pultrusion process. The theory and experiment indicate that polymer cladding of pultrusion is an effective way to improve phase sensitivity, increasing mechanical strength and decreasing cable diameter simultaneously. Then, a hydroacoustic detection system, with a quasi-distributed ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating towed line array, based on unbalanced interference is established and its phase sensitivities are tested experimentally. The result is measured by the vibration liquid column method and compared with a standard piezoelectric underwater acoustic detector. Over the frequency range of 200–2000 Hz, the system has a good amplitude–frequency response. We obtain an average phase sound pressure sensitivity of about −147.96 dB (re 1 rad/μPa) and a relative flatness response of 3 dB. The experimental results show that this system provides the possibility of an integrated hydrophone towed linear array with high adaptability and reliability.
Coherent sub-femtosecond soft x-ray free-electron laser pulses with nonlinear compression
Authors: Prat Eduard , Malyzhenkov Alexander , Arrell Christopher , Craievich Paolo , Reiche Sven , Schietinger Thomas , Wang Guanglei 
Published: November 2023

We demonstrate the generation of coherent soft x-ray free-electron laser (FEL) pulses with a duration below 1 fs using nonlinear compression with a low-charge electron beam (10 pC). The approach is simple, and it does not require any special hardware, so it can be readily implemented at any x-ray FEL facility. We present temporal and spectral diagnostics confirming the production of single-spike sub-femtosecond pulses for photon energies of 642 and 1111 eV. Our work will be important for ultrafast FEL applications requiring soft x-rays.
Electron impact electronic excitation of benzene: Theory and experiment
Authors: Falkowski Alan G. , da Costa Romarly F. , Lima Marco A. P. , de A. Cadena Alexi , Pocoroba Ronald , Jones Regan , Mathur Mahak , Childers J. G. , Khakoo Murtadha A. , Kossoski Fábris 
Published: November 2023

We report experimental differential cross sections (DCSs) for electron impact excitation of bands I to V of benzene at incident energies of 10, 12.5, 15, and 20 eV. They are compared to calculations using the Schwinger multichannel method while accounting for up to 437 open channels. For intermediate scattering angles, the calculations reveal that the most intense band (V) emerges from surprisingly similar contributions from all its underlying states (despite some preference for the dipole-allowed transitions). They further shed light on intricate multichannel couplings between the states of bands I to V and higher-lying Rydberg states. In turn, the measurements support a vibronic coupling mechanism for excitation of bands II and IV and also show an unexpected forward peak in the spin-forbidden transition accounting for band III. Overall, there is decent agreement between theory and experiment at intermediate angles and at lower energies and in terms of the relative DCSs of the five bands. Discrepancies between the present and previous experiment regarding bands IV and V draw attention to the need of additional experimental investigations. We also report measured DCSs for vibrational excitation of combined C–H stretching modes.
Chemically accurate singlet-triplet gaps of organic chromophores and linear acenes by the random phase approximation and σ-functionals
Authors: Dhingra Daniella , Shori Arjun , Förster Arno 
Published: November 2023

Predicting the energy differences between different spin-states is challenging for many widely used ab initio electronic structure methods. We here assess the ability of the direct random phase approximation (dRPA), dRPA plus two different screened second-order exchange (SOX) corrections, and σ-functionals to predict adiabatic singlet-triplet gaps. With mean absolute deviations of below 0.1 eV to experimental reference values, independent of the Kohn–Sham starting point, dRPA and σ-functionals accurately predict singlet-triplet gaps of 18 organic chromophores. The addition of SOX corrections to dRPA considerably worsens agreement with experiment, adding to the mounting evidence that dRPA+SOX methods are not generally applicable beyond-RPA methods. Also for a series of linear acene chains with up to ten fused rings, dRPA, and σ-functionals are in excellent agreement with coupled-cluster single double triple reference data. In agreement with advanced multi-reference methods, dRPA@PBE and σ-functional@PBE predict a singlet ground state for all chain lengths, while dRPA@PBE0 and σ-functional@PBE0 predict a triplet ground state for longer acenes. Our work shows dRPA and σ-functionals to be reliable methods for calculating singlet-triplet gaps in aromatic molecules.
Biosolids amendment effects on nitrogen cycling gene expression by the soil prokaryotic community as revealed by metatranscriptomic analysis
Authors: D’Angelo Elisa Marie 
Published: November 2023

Context Large quantities of treated sewage sludge (biosolids) are produced and beneficially applied to agricultural fields to improve soil fertility in many countries. Biosolids have extremely high concentrations of ammonium and organic matter that can be beneficial but also detrimental to the environment by promoting microbially-mediated reactions that contribute to eutrophication and greenhouse gas emission. Aims The hypothesis of the study was that high concentrations of ammonium and labile organic matter in biosolids would significantly affect nitrogen transformations and nitrogen-cycling gene expression by different members of the prokaryotic community in a biosolids-amended agricultural soil. Methods An organically-managed agricultural soil was amended with biosolids and monitored for changes in carbon dioxide and inorganic nitrogen species for 3 weeks under laboratory conditions. Then, RNA was extracted and compared for nitrogen-cycling gene expression levels in biosolids-amended and unamended soil. Key results Biosolids amendment significantly increased ammonium concentration and decreased oxygen and nitrate concentrations in soil zones near biosolid particles, which coincided with significant changes in expression levels of genes for catabolic glutamate dehydrogenase, nitrification enzymes, denitrifying enzymes, and numerous other enzymes by different members of the prokaryotic community. Conclusions The application of biosolids to soil set in motion a dynamic organic nitrogen mineralisation–nitrification–denitrification cycle between the anaerobic biosolids zone and aerobic soil zone. Implications Biosolids-induced changes in nitrogen transformations by different members of the microbial community have implications on nitrogen availability/toxicity to nitrifying populations and plants, ammonium and nitrate in surface runoff, and nitrous oxide greenhouse gas emission from biosolids-amended soil.
Chiral charge density wave induced by mirror symmetry breaking in kagome metal
Authors: Liu Jing , Wu Wen-Feng , Wang Qing-Wei , Bai Xiao-Cheng , Zeng Zhi , Zou Liang-Jian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Kagome lattice provides a distinctive platform to investigate various correlated electron orders. Recently, an unconventional charge density wave (CDW) with novel chirality is observed in the kagome metal AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs), and the origin of which is still unclear. Here, using a tight-binding model and the mean-field method, we calculate the electron order in the quasi-two-dimensional kagome lattice with 1/3 electron filling, and show that the chiral CDW emerges under a set of parameters with

C
6

rotational symmetry but without mirror symmetry. Physically, the reason why we choose this set of parameters is based on the possible tangential distortion of the kagome lattice. Our results provide a fresh insight to understand the microscopic origin of the unconventional CDW in AV3Sb5.
A multi-layer feature fusion fault diagnosis method for train bearings under noise and variable load working conditions
Authors: He Changfu , He Deqiang , Jin Zhenzhen , Chen Yanjun , Shan Sheng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The working characteristics of noise and variable load conditions make it challenging to extract the feature of train bearing vibration signal. Therefore, a multi-layer feature fusion inverted residual network (MFIRN) is proposed. Firstly, a joint shrinkage denoising module (JSDM) is proposed, and an inverted residual denoising module (IRDM) is designed by combining the JSDM with the inverted residual network. The IRDM is used as the basic unit to improve the anti-noise performance of MFIRN. Then, a global interactive awareness module (GIAM) is designed to perceive the information of different layers, which can effectively extract the fault characteristics of bearing signals under variable load conditions. Finally, the fault diagnosis capabilities of the MFIRN under noisy and variable load conditions are tested using two cases, and the effectiveness of the JSDM, GIAM and IRDM is verified by ablation experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that, compared with seven recent models, the MFIRN can filter out the interference information more effectively under different noise conditions. Furthermore, MFIRN can effectively obtain the correlation characteristics between different load signals with better diagnostic accuracy and domain adaptability, showing potential for practical application.
Lattice thermal conductivity of embedded nanoparticle composites: the role of particle size distribution
Authors: Maranets Theodore , Cui Haoran , Wang Yan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nanoparticles embedded within a crystalline solid serve as impurity phonon scattering centers that reduce lattice thermal conductivity, a desirable result for thermoelectric applications. Most studies of thermal transport in nanoparticle-laden composite materials have assumed the nanoparticles to possess a single size. If there is a distribution of nanoparticle sizes, how is thermal conductivity affected? Moreover, is there a best nanoparticle size distribution to minimize thermal conductivity? In this work, we study the thermal conductivity of nanoparticle-laden composites through a molecular dynamics approach which naturally captures phonon scattering processes more rigorously than previously used analytical theories. From thermal transport simulations of a systematic variety of nanoparticle configurations, we empirically formulate how nanoparticle size distribution, particle number density, and volume fraction affect the lattice thermal conductivity. We find at volume fractions below 10%, the particle number density is by far the most impactful factor on thermal conductivity and at fractions above 10%, the effect of the size distribution and number density is minimal compared to the volume fraction. In fact, upon comparisons of configurations with the same particle number density and volume fractions, the lattice thermal conductivity of a single nanoparticle size can be lower than that of a size distribution which contradicts intuitions that a single size would attenuate phonon transport less than a spectrum of sizes. The random alloy, which can be considered as a single size configuration of maximum particle number density where the nanoparticle size is equal to the lattice constant, is the most performant in thermal conductivity reduction at volume fractions below 10%. We conclude that nanoparticle size distribution only plays a minor role in affecting lattice thermal conductivity with the particle number density and volume fraction being the more significant factors that should be considered in fabrication of nanoparticle-laden composites for potential improved thermoelectric performance.
Quantum interferometric power versus quantum correlations in a graphene layer system with a scattering process under thermal noise
Authors: Bouafia Zakaria , Mansour Mostafa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cutting-edge quantum processing technology is currently exploring the remarkable electronic properties of graphene layers, such as their high mobility and thermal conductivity. Our research is dedicated to investigating the behavior of quantum resources within a graphene layer system with a scattering process, specifically focusing on quantum interferometric power (QIP) and quantum correlations, while taking into account the influence of thermal noise. To quantify these correlations, we employ measures like local quantum uncertainty (LQU) and logarithmic negativity (LN). We examine how factors like temperature, inter-valley scattering processes strength, and other system parameters affect both QIP and quantum correlations. Our results reveal that higher temperatures lead to a reduction in QIP and non-classical correlations within graphene layers. Moreover, it is noteworthy that QIP and LQU respond similarly to changes in temperature, whereas LN is more sensitive to these variations. By optimizing system parameters such as band parameter, wavenumber operators and scattering processes strength, we can mitigate the impact of thermal noise and enhance the quantum advantages of graphene-based quantum processing
Solar side-pumped Nd-doped fiber laser based on a doughnut-shaped hollow reflector
Authors: Zhu Jing , Liu Yan , Lan Lanling , Tang Yulong , Zhang Yuanyuan , Ma Xiuhua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A high-power solar side-pumped Nd-doped fiber laser based on a doughnut-shaped hollow reflector (DHR) is proposed. The primary concentrator consists of twelve off-axis parabolic mirrors. The DHR coupled with an array of three-dimensional compound parabolic concentrators (3D-CPCs) functions as the secondary concentrator, inside which many cycles of Nd-doped fiber is coiled. After being reflected by the off-axis parabolic mirrors, the sunlight is launched into the DHR through the twelve 3D-CPCs, and experiences multiple-times reflection by the DHR, and finally is absorbed by the Nd-doped fiber for laser oscillation. Ray tracing shows that 173-W of solar power can be absorbed by the fiber. By solving the rate equations and power transmission equations, laser output power, slope efficiency and optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 10.3 W, 6.12% and 5.94%, respectively, are realized. This kind of solar-pumped fiber laser thus offers a new route for achieving high-power solar-pumped laser sources.
Precise learning curves and higher-order scaling limits for dot-product kernel regression
*
Authors: Xiao Lechao , Hu Hong , Misiakiewicz Theodor , Lu Yue M , Pennington Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As modern machine learning models continue to advance the computational frontier, it has become increasingly important to develop precise estimates for expected performance improvements under different model and data scaling regimes. Currently, theoretical understanding of the learning curves (LCs) that characterize how the prediction error depends on the number of samples is restricted to either large-sample asymptotics (

m
→
∞

) or, for certain simple data distributions, to the high-dimensional asymptotics in which the number of samples scales linearly with the dimension (

m
∝
d

). There is a wide gulf between these two regimes, including all higher-order scaling relations

m
∝

d
r

, which are the subject of the present paper. We focus on the problem of kernel ridge regression for dot-product kernels and present precise formulas for the mean of the test error, bias and variance, for data drawn uniformly from the sphere with isotropic random labels in the rth-order asymptotic scaling regime

m
→
∞

with

m

/

d
r

held constant. We observe a peak in the LC whenever

m
≈

d
r

/

r
!

for any integer r, leading to multiple sample-wise descent and non-trivial behavior at multiple scales. We include a colab (available at: https://tinyurl.com/2nzym7ym) notebook that reproduces the essential results of the paper.
Multi-layer state evolution under random convolutional design
*
Authors: Daniels Max , Gerbelot Cédric , Krzakala Florent , Zdeborová Lenka 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Signal recovery under generative neural network priors has emerged as a promising direction in statistical inference and computational imaging. Theoretical analysis of reconstruction algorithms under generative priors is, however, challenging. For generative priors with fully connected layers and Gaussian i.i.d. weights, this was achieved by the multi-layer approximate message (ML-AMP) algorithm via a rigorous state evolution. However, practical generative priors are typically convolutional, allowing for computational benefits and inductive biases, and so the Gaussian i.i.d. weight assumption is very limiting. In this paper, we overcome this limitation and establish the state evolution of ML-AMP for random convolutional layers. We prove in particular that random convolutional layers belong to the same universality class as Gaussian matrices. Our proof technique is of an independent interest as it establishes a mapping between convolutional matrices and spatially coupled sensing matrices used in coding theory.