bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Pickering emulsions stabilized with nano‐cellulose and nano‐chitin treated with deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Wu Xinyu , Lian Hailan , Yuan Yang , Hong Shu , Deng Junqian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDeveloping bio‐friendly and degradable Pickering emulsifiers as surfactants to replace traditional surfactants with bio‐toxicity is imperative in the food, coating, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Nanocellulose and chitin can be used directly as an emulsifier to prepare Pickering o/w emulsions. As the concentration of nanoparticles increases, the stability of the emulsion also increases, and an overly large nanoparticle aspect ratio is not conducive to the stabilization of the emulsion. In comparison, nanocellulose‐prepared Pickering emulsion has improved stability. Of these, nanocellulose prepared by DES with a molar ratio of 3:1 to LA:CC has been shown to have the best stability when used to equilibrate the oil/water mass ratio of 2/8. The Zeta potential is −38.4 mV, and the size of the droplets is the most uniform. With a mean droplet diameter of 770 nm. This study had certain research significance and reference value for the development of bio‐friendly surfactants.
Umpolung Reactivity of Diazo Arylidene Succinimides: Distal C−H Functionalization of α‐Thiocarbonyls from the Reactive Carbenoid Center
Authors: Bankar Onkar S. , Laha Debasish , Meher Kajal B. , Bhat Ramakrishna G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHerein, for the first time we have explored the umpolung reactivity of the vinylogous carbon center of diazo arylidene succinimide (DAS) through rhodium catalysis to achieve [2,3]‐Stevens rearrangement of α‐thioether esters. The protocol has successfully demonstrated the distal C−H bond functionalization of the α‐thioether esters. Alongside, the carbenoid reactivity of DAS has also been achieved with Doyle‐Kirmse reaction of allyl/propargyl phenyl sulfides. The protocol proved to be practical to synthesize a wide variety of [2,3]‐Stevens rearrangement products exclusively and the possible side products emanating from Pummerer rearrangement and [1,2]‐Stevens rearrangement were not observed. This catalytic protocol works smoothly in environmentally benign solvent under open air to afford the corresponding desired products with excellent diastereo‐, regio‐ and chemo‐selectivities in good to excellent yields. The protocol also proved to be scalable on gram quantity.
Increased incidence of renal and urinary tract anomalies among individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD)
Authors: Dyląg Katarzyna Anna , Dumnicka Paulina , Kowalska Katarzyna , Migas‐Majoch Agata , Przybyszewska Katarzyna , Drożdż Dorota 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundFetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) in a spectrum of neurodevelopmental conditions resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Animal models have confirmed the toxic effects of PAE on the kidneys and urinary tract, yet the evidence from human studies is contradictory. The purpose of this study was to establish the incidence of renal and urinary tract anomalies (RUTA), impaired kidney function, and hypertension among patients with FASD.MethodsChildren from the FASD Diagnostic Center with FASD diagnosis (FAS, pFAS, or ARND) were offered participation in the study. The control group consisted of patients from the Gastroenterology Department of the same hospital. The patients underwent renal and urinary tract ultrasound examination. The serum creatinine level was also evaluated and the blood pressure was taken twice. Polish OLAF charts were used to determine the percentiles of blood pressure.ResultsThe incidence of kidney and urinary tract defects in the study group was significantly higher than in the control group (OR: 2.64 [1.60–4.34]). The kidney size among FASD patients was significantly lower (73 mm [60–83] vs. 83 mm [70–96]; p < .001) when compared to the control group. No differences were observed in the estimated glomerular filtration rate. In the study group, significantly lower systolic blood, diastolic blood pressure, percentile of systolic pressure, and diastolic pressure were observed.ConclusionsRUTA occurred more frequently among patients with FASD compared to the control group, and decreased kidney size was also demonstrated among patients with FASD. However, impaired kidney function and the risk of hypertension were not observed.
Dendrobium huoshanense Polysaccharide Improves High‐Fat Diet Induced Liver Injury by Regulating the Gut‐Liver Axis
Authors: Ma Meng‐Hua , Gao Lei‐Lei , Chen Chuang‐Bo , Gu Fang‐li , Wu Si‐Qi , Li Fang , Han Bang‐Xing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDendrobium huoshanense is an important Traditional Chinese medicine that thickens the stomach and intestines. Its active ingredient Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide (DHP), was revealed to relieve the symptoms of liver injury. However, its mechanism of action remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of DHP in protecting the liver. The effects of DHP on lipid levels, liver function, and intestinal barrier function were investigated in mice with high‐fat diet‐induced liver damage. Changes in the gut flora and their metabolites were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics. The results showed that DHP reduced lipid levels, liver injury, and intestinal permeability. DHP altered the intestinal flora structure and increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium animalis and Clostridium disporicum. Furthermore, fecal metabolomics revealed that DHP altered fecal metabolites and significantly increased levels of gut‐derived metabolites, spermidine, and indole, which have been reported to inhibit liver injury and improve lipid metabolism and the intestinal barrier. Correlation analysis showed that spermidine and indole levels were significantly negatively correlated with liver injury‐related parameters and positively correlated with the intestinal species B. animalis enriched by DHP. Overall, this study confirmed that DHP prevented liver injury by regulating intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and fecal metabolites.
Harnessing a Biocatalyst to Bioremediate the Purification of Alkylglycosides
Authors: Wahart Alice J. C. , Dolan Jonathan P. , Anderson Simon D. , Cheallaigh Aisling Ní , Staniland Jessica , Lima Marcelo A. , Skidmore Mark A. , Miller Gavin J. , Cosgrove Sebastian C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs the world moves towards net‐zero carbon emissions, the development of sustainable chemical manufacturing processes is essential. Within manufacturing, purification by distillation is often used, however this process is energy intensive and methods that could obviate or reduce its use are desirable. Developed herein is an alternative, oxidative biocatalytic approach that enables purification of alkyl monoglucosides (essential bio‐based surfactant components). Implementing an immobilised engineered alcohol oxidase, a long‐chain alcohol by‐product derived from alkyl monoglucoside synthesis (normally removed by distillation) is selectively oxidised to an aldehyde, conjugated to an amine resin and then removed by simple filtration. This affords recovery of the purified alkyl monoglucoside. The approach lays a blueprint for further development of sustainable alkylglycoside purification using biocatalysis and, importantly, for refining other important chemical feedstocks that currently rely on distillation.
In‐Situ Growth of Cu2S‐MoS2 Bimetallic Electrocatalyst on Carbon Cloth for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Jin Zhongxin , Pang Haijun , Li Kunqi , Yang Mengle , Xin Jianjiao , Ma Huiyuan , Wu Qiong , Wang Xinming , Yang Guixin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is one of prospective methods to produce hydrogen energy, and the key technology of which lies in the preparation of electrocatalysts. Preparations of catalysts with high efficiency, low price and good stability are expected. In this work, a new polyoxometalate‐based copper‐organic framework, [{CuII(C10N6H7)4(H2O)2}H6(PMo12O40)2] ⋅ 12H2O (1) [C10N6H7: 3‐(1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐5‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐1,2,4‐triazole], was synthesized as an electrocatalyst precursor, and confirmed by infrared spectroscopy (IR), single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SXRD) and X‐ray powder diffraction (PXRD). A new electrocatalyst (Cu2S‐MoS2@CC‐1) was synthesized from 1, thiourea (TU) and carbon cloth (CC) by a one‐pot hydrothermal method. Due to the synergistic effects between Cu2S and MoS2, the Cu2S‐MoS2@CC‐1 catalyst exhibits high electrocatalytic HER activity and good stability in 0.5 M H2SO4. Namely, Cu2S‐MoS2@CC‐1 shows low overpotential of 150 mV@10 mA cm−2 vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and small Tafel slope of 61 mV dec−1, and remains good stability at least 94 h and over 1000 catalytic cycles. This method provides a promising strategy for development of non‐noble metal catalysts.
A Dynamic Water Channel Affects O2 Stability in [FeFe]‐Hydrogenases
Authors: Brocks Claudia , Das Chandan K. , Duan Jifu , Yadav Shanika , Apfel Ulf‐Peter , Ghosh Subhasri , Hofmann Eckhard , Winkler Martin , Engelbrecht Vera , Schäfer Lars V. , Happe Thomas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract[FeFe]‐hydrogenases are capable of reducing protons at a high rate. However, molecular oxygen (O2) induces the degradation of their catalytic cofactor, the H‐cluster, which consists of a cubane [4Fe4S] subcluster (4FeH) and a unique diiron moiety (2FeH). Previous attempts to prevent O2‐induced damage have focused on enhancing the protein's sieving effect for O2 by blocking the hydrophobic gas channels that connect the protein surface and the 2FeH. In this study, we aimed to block an O2 diffusion pathway and shield 4FeH instead. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations identified a novel water channel (WH) surrounding the H‐cluster. As this hydrophilic path may be accessible for O2 molecules we applied site‐directed mutagenesis targeting amino acids along WH in proximity to 4FeH to block O2 diffusion. Protein film electrochemistry experiments demonstrate increased O2 stabilities for variants G302S and S357T, and MD simulations based on high‐resolution crystal structures confirmed an enhanced local sieving effect for O2 in the environment of the 4FeH in both cases. The results strongly suggest that, in wild type proteins, O2 diffuses from the 4FeH to the 2FeH. These results reveal new strategies for improving the O2 stability of [FeFe]‐hydrogenases by focusing on the O2 diffusion network near the active site.
Structural analysis of an lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analogue N‐methyl‐N‐isopropyllysergamide (MiPLA): Insights from Rotamers in NMR spectra
Authors: Shoda Takuji , Tsuji Genichiro , Kawamura Maiko , Kurohara Takashi , Misawa Takashi , Kikura‐Hanajiri Ruri , Demizu Yosuke 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a hallucinogenic compound that binds to and activates the serotonin 2A receptor and is classified as a controlled narcotic in Japan. Recently, MiPLA, an N‐methyl‐N‐isopropyl derivative of LSD, has been detected in paper‐sheet products in several countries. This study focuses on the synthesis of MiPLA and includes a comprehensive analysis involving structural and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). Particularly, MiPLA was synthesized in three‐steps starting from ergometrine maleate, which resulted in the formation of (8S)‐isomer, iso‐MiPLA, as a by‐product. The LC‐MS results showed that LSD, MiPLA, and iso‐MiPLA exhibited different retention times. Their chemical structures were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which revealed the presence of rotamers involving the N‐methyl‐N‐isopropyl groups of tertiary amides in MiPLA and iso‐MiPLA.
Enhanced Long‐Term Stability of a Photosensitizer with a Hydroxamic Acid Anchor in Dye‐Sensitized Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Salerno Giorgia , Cecconi Bianca , Bettucci Ottavia , Monai Matteo , Zani Lorenzo , Franchi Daniele , Calamante Massimo , Mordini Alessandro , Montini Tiziano , Fornasiero Paolo , Manfredi Norberto , Abbotto Alessandro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractClimate change mitigation on a global scale will only be possible through the achievement of ambitious decarbonisation goals, requiring an energy transition that involves switching from fossil fuels to clean fuels such as hydrogen. The photocatalytic approach is one of the most studied methods for directly converting sunlight into hydrogen. In this work, we present the synthesis, characterization, and application of the PTZ1‐HA dye, which was obtained by replacing the terminal conventional carboxylic anchoring moieties of a previously studied phenothiazine‐based dye (PTZ1) with hydroxamic acid functionalities. The photoinduced performance of the two dyes as photosensitizers was compared in both dye‐sensitized solar cells and dye‐sensitized photocatalytic systems. PTZ1‐HA‐sensitized photocatalysts showed improved stability in hydrogen generation due to the introduction of the hydroxamic acid as an alternative anchor group, which was shown to slow down hydrolysis in aqueous media. Even though the light harvesting ability of PTZ1‐HA was lower than that of PTZ1, the higher stability of PTZ1‐HA‐sensitized devices allowed for improved photocatalytic generation of H2 over prolonged periods. The superior long‐term efficiency of the hydroxamic acid based dye is important in view of potential practical applications.
Hyperspectral imaging of foodborne pathogens at colony and cellular levels for rapid identification in dairy products
Authors: Sekhon Amninder Singh , Unger Phoebe , Sharma Sonali , Singh Bhupinderjeet , Chen Xiongzhi , Ganjyal Girish M. , Michael Minto 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study evaluated the efficacy of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) for the rapid identification of pathogens in dairy products at the colony and cellular levels. The colony and cellular levels studies were designed as completely randomized with six replications. Three strains of Listeria monocytogenes, four strains of Escherichia coli O157: H7, Big Six Shiga toxin‐producing E. coli, three strains of Staphylococcus aureus, and ten serovars of Salmonella were used in this study. Pure cultures were streaked for isolation on respective selective media, and hyperspectral data (400–1100 nm wavelength) at the colony and cellular levels were collected and stored as reference libraries. Whole milk and whole milk powder were artificially inoculated (<10 CFU/g or mL) with individual pathogenic strains/serovars. All milk and milk powder samples were enriched using brain heart infusion (BHI) broth at 37°C for 24 h, streaked for isolation on the respective selective media, and hyperspectral data for individual pathogenic strains/serovars at the colony and cellular levels were acquired and treated as test samples data. The acquired colony or cellular images were imported into ENVI software and three regions of interest were selected for each image to obtain hyperspectral data for reference libraries and test samples. Using the kNN classifier and cross‐validation technique, overall classification accuracies of 90.38% and 34% were obtained for the colony‐ and cellular‐level identification, respectively. The individual classification accuracies of pathogens in dairy products at the colony level varied between 77.5% to 100%, whereas the accuracy varied between 2.78% and 49.17% for the cellular level.
Unsupervised segmentation and clustering time series approach to Southern Africa rainfall regime changes
Authors: Chipindu Lovemore , Mupangwa Walter , Nyagumbo Isaiah , Zaman‐Allah Mainassara 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAnalysis of hydro‐climatological time series and spatiotemporal dynamics of meteorological variables has become critical in the context of climate change, especially in Southern African countries where rain‐fed agriculture is predominant. In this work, we compared modern unsupervised time series and segmentation approaches and commonly used time series models to analyse rainfall regime changes in the coastal, sub‐humid and semi‐arid regions of Southern Africa. Rainfall regimes change modelling and prediction inform farming strategies especially when choosing measures for mixed crop–livestock farming systems, as farmers can decide to do rainwater harvesting and moisture conservation or supplementary irrigation if water resources are available. The main goal of this study was to predict/identify rainfall cluster trends over time using regression with hidden logistic process (RHLP) or hidden Markov model regression (HMMR) supplemented by autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and Facebook Prophet models. Historical time series rainfall data was sourced from meteorological services departments for selected site over an average period of 55 years. Commonly used approaches forecasted an upward rainfall trend in the coastal and sub‐humid regions and a declining trend in semi‐arid areas with high variability between and within seasons. For all sites, Ljung‐Box Test Statistics suggested the existence of autocorrelation in rainfall time series data. Prediction capabilities were investigated using the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) which indicated not much difference between ARIMA and Facebook Prophet models. RHLP and HMMR offered a unique clustering and segmentation approach examining between and within‐season rainfall variability. A maximum of 20 unique rainfall clusters with similar trend characteristics were determined as going beyond this brought non‐significant difference to regime changes. A clear trend was exhibited from 1980 going backwards as compared to recent years signifying how unpredictable is rainfall in Southern Africa. The unsupervised approaches predicted a clear cluster trend in coastal than in sub‐humid and semi‐arid and the performance was assessed using Akaike information criteria and log‐likelihood which showed improvement in prediction power as the number of segmentation clusters approaches 20.
Optimizing Phosphate Couplings for Dolichyl Diphosphochitobiose to Enable Protein N‐Glycosylation Studies
Authors: Meirelles Matheus A. , Reymond Jean‐Louis 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHerein we report an optimized synthesis for dolichyl diphosphochitobiose (GlcNAc2‐PP‐Dol25), a probe useful for biochemical and structural studies of protein N‐glycosylation in eukaryotic cells. We improved three phosphate coupling steps in terms of yields and reaction times, namely chitobiose phosphorylation, dolichol phosphorylation, and phosphate‐phosphate coupling, by adjusting reagents and conditions. We also developed an efficient preparative reverse‐phase HPLC purification protocol followed by ion exchange step to obtain the pure product as a stable sodium salt. These optimized procedures ensure a reliable supply of GlcNAc2‐PP‐Dol25 for enzymatic studies.
Prevalence and risk factors of elder abuse in survivors of stroke: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Guifen , Chen Minyuan , Xiao Peiyi , Peng Zhibo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe understanding of the prevalence and risk factors associated with elder abuse in stroke survivors is currently lacking. Therefore, the objective of this study is to ascertain the prevalence and potential risk factors of elder abuse in stroke survivors, while also examining its correlation with insomnia.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, a total of 485 stroke survivors aged 65 years and older, who received treatment at the Emergency department of Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, were subjected to face‐to‐face interviews using the questionnaire on elder abuse from the Third Survey on Chinese Women's Social Status. A logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the association between risk factors and elder abuse among stroke survivors.Results62.27% of the participants reported experiencing elder abuse, with 14.85% of them indicating suffering from more than two subtypes of abuse. Factors such as residing in nursing homes, lower income, and smoking were found to increase the likelihood of experiencing elder abuse and all four subtypes of abuse. Additionally, advancing age was associated with a higher risk of experiencing all four subtypes of abuse, although it did not affect the occurrence of overall abuse. It is worth noting that the self‐reported prevalence of the four types of abuse by the elderly themselves was higher compared to the reports provided by caregivers.ConclusionElder abuse is prevalent among stroke survivors, especially those who are residing in nursing homes, with lower income, and smokers. Elder abuse significantly increased the prevalence of insomnia in stroke survivors. Further research is needed to better explore effective measures to reduce the prevalence of elder abuse of stroke survivors.
The CD2–CD58 axis: A novel marker predicting poor prognosis in patients with low‐grade gliomas and potential therapeutic approaches
Authors: Wu Mingwei , Chen Yiyuan , Hua Gao , Chunhui Liu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionLow‐grade gliomas (LGGs) are currently considered a premalignant condition for high‐grade gliomas (HGGs) and are characterized by a relatively intact immune system. Immunotherapeutic modalities may offer a safe and effective treatment option for these patients. However, the CD2–CD58 axis, an important component of the immunological synapse, remains unknown in LGG.MethodsRNA‐seq data from TCGA databases were analyzed. Immune cell infiltration was determined using a single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) based on integrated immune gene sets from published studies. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, univariate and multivariate logistic analysis, and the ESTIMATE algorithm were employed to evaluate the impact of the CD2–CD58 axis on adult LGG patients.ResultsThe expression of the CD2–CD58 axis was found to be elevated with increasing of WHO grade (p < .05). Uni‐ and multi‐variable logistic analysis demonstrated that age, WHO grade, and CD58 levels were associated with poor prognosis in LGG patients with (p < .01). MetaSape pathways analysis revealed the involvement of CD58 in regulating T cell activation, leukocyte‐mediated immunity, and the positive regulation of cell activation in WHO grade II and III. CD58 expression correlated with infiltrations of CD4+ lymphocytes, NK cells, and macrophages cells. The ESTIMATE algorithm indicated that patients with high CD58 expression had significantly higher immune scores compared with low CD58 expression in WHO grade II/III, but no statistical difference was observed in WHO grade IV (p < .05). Furthermore, correlation analysis demonstrated the significant association between CD58 and CD274 (r = 0.581, p < .001), HAVCR2 (r = 0.58i7, p < .001), and LGALS9 (r = 0.566, p < .001). Immunohistochemical staining further confirmed the relationship of CD58, HAVCR2, WHO grade, and prognosis in grade II and III patients.ConclusionOverall, our findings highlight the significant association between the CD2–CD58 axis and poor survival in LGG patients. High CD58 expression is implicated in T cell‐mediated immune responses as an immunosuppressive factor and affect inhibitory immune checkpoint genes.