bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Preterm Antenatal Steroid Use and Infant Outcomes in a Single Center
Authors: Go Mitzi , Wahl Madison , Kruss Tova , McEvoy Cindy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective
To characterize late preterm antenatal steroids (AS) use and associated neonatal outcomes in a single academic center.
Study Design
Retrospective study of 503 singleton, mother-infant dyads delivered between 34 0/7 to 36 6/7 weeks gestation between January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020.
Results
43% did not receive AS (No AS) prior to delivery. Among AS treated, 50% were sub-optimal dosing. No AS had higher preterm premature rupture of membranes and maternal diabetes. AS group had lower mean gestational age and birthweight and longer time from admission to delivery and longer NICU study. There was no difference in neonatal hypoglycemia.
Conclusions
Sub-optimal AS dosing in late preterms remains high in our center. AS did not improve neonatal outcomes. Studies are needed to evaluate the impact of AS in diabetics delivering late preterm, to optimize the timing of AS dosing, and evaluate the longer term impact on late preterm infants.
Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate by transesterification using Mg/Al/La catalyst
Authors: Malyaadri M. , Jagadeeswaraiah K. , murthy T. Narasimha , reddy PRG. Nallappa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A series of Mg/Al/La mixed oxide catalysts were synthesized using an alkali-free coprecipitation method and calcined at a variety of temperature. The catalysts were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and temperature-programmed desorption of CO2. These catalysts are evaluated for transesterification between glycerol and dimethyl carbonates to give the glycerol carbonates. The catalyst with an Mg/Al/La weight ratio 3:1:1 is showing optimum performance toward formation of glycerol carbonates and it exhibits excellent activity even at 75 ºC temperature. The catalyst shows decrees activity during recycling. The effect of various parameters such as reaction temperature, catalyst concentration, and molar ratio of glycerol to dimethyl carbonates are studied to optimise the reaction conditions.
MPTD: Optimizing Multi-Path Transport with Dynamic Target Delay in Datacenters
Authors: Li Mingyan , Wang Shuo , Huang Tao , Liu Yunjie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In contemporary datacenter networks, various applications experience the challenge of incast occurrences. Data-intensive applications, particularly in distributed scenarios such as distributed deep learning, frequently encounter incast. While single-path transport protocols are widely deployed in datacenter networks, the available bandwidth is often severely underutilized. MP-RDMA, as a state-of-the-art multi-path transport protocol, has been implemented; however, it faces performance issues during large-scale incast communications. MP-RDMA employs insufficient congestion feedback and fixed rate adjustment for congestion management, making the scheme hardly scalable. In this paper, we introduce MPTD, an RTT-based multi-path transport protocol. MPTD encompasses two primary aspects: (1) a novel congestion control algorithm based on the setting of target delay; (2) an optimized packet scheduling mechanism. Specifically, the receiver dynamically updates the target delay in real-time based on network conditions, and the sender adjusts the sending rate accordingly. A categorized implementation for paths is added to achieve a more accurate identification of path characteristics. Our evaluation demonstrates that, in comparison to MP-RDMA, MPTD can achieve speedups of 1.35x/1.40x in flow completion time for two traffic patterns.
Propagation properties of partially coherent vortex cosine-hyperbolic-Gaussian beams through oceanic turbulence
Authors: Lazrek M. , Hricha Z. , Belafhal A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we investigated the propagation properties of a partially coherent vortex cosine-hyperbolic-Gaussian beam (PCvChGB) propagating in weak oceanic turbulence. We established the analytical expression of the average intensity of the PCvChGB based on the Huygens-Fresnel integral and Rytov theory. The obtained numerical results indicate that the PCvChGB may propagate within longer distances when the dissipation rate of mean-square temperature or the ratio of temperature to salinity contribution to the refractive index spectrum is increased as well as the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy per unit mass of seawater is increased. The influence of oceanic turbulence on the spreading properties of a PCvChGB is related to the initial beam parameters, such as the decentered parameter b, topological charge M, and coherence length. A comparison of the beam profile evolution in oceanic turbulence and free space is presented in detail for the different parameters involved. The obtained results can be beneficial for applications in optical underwater communication and remote sensing domains.
Trypsin activates PAR2 inhibits the expression of tight junction protein through activation of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Du Mengdie , Wang Luye , Wang Wei , Fu Wenshang , Sun Yongshun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Trypsin activates protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), which mediates the initiation of mucosal inflammation in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is crucial for the activation of pyroptosis, and inflammation becomes more severe. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PAR2 and NLRP3 on the tight junction (TJ) in the pathogenesis of GERD and the therapeutic effects of rabeprazole.
Methods: We constructed a rat GERD model using cardia myotomy and pyloric ligation. Two weeks following rabeprazole administration, we assessed the esophageal mucosal barrier using western blot and immunohistochemistry for Claudin-1 and Claudin-4, while exploring the expression of PAR2, NLRP3, and Caspase-1. Human esophageal epithelial cells (HEECs) were produced with overexpression of PAR2 and treated with PAR2 agonist and inhibitor, respectively, to observe the changes in the NLRP3 pathway and esophageal TJ protein.
RESULTS: The expression of Claudin-1 and Claudin-4 decreased, whereas the expression of PAR2, NLRP3, and Caspase-1 increased in the GERD group compared to the Sham group. PAR2 inhibitor reversed these processes. In HEECs, trypsin activated PAR2 and NLRP3 and disrupted TJ protein. PAR2 agonist played an identical role. PAR2 inhibitor blocked these processes. The effectiveness of rabeprazole was outperformed by the addition of a PAR2 inhibitor.
CONCLUSION: Trypsin in reflux can cause GERD by activating the PAR2 and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, which impairs the esophageal mucosal barrier. Our research will aid in the identification of potential targets for the treatment of GERD.
Resting frontal alpha asymmetry as a biomarker of depression: a meta-analysis
Authors: Luo Yiwen , Tang Mingcong , Fan Xiwang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: Frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) has frequently been reported as a potential discriminator between participants with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy control, with discrepancies across studies. The current study aimed to provide an up-to-date meta-analysis on the diagnostic value of FAA in major depressive disorder (MDD) and explore the potential of FAA as a diagnostic biomarker of MDD.
Methods: Pubmed database was searched through July 2023. Studies were included if the article covered both MDD and controls, used FAA measure involving EEG electrodes (F3/F4, F7/F8, or Fp1/Fp2), and provided data regarding potential covariates. Hedges’ d was calculated from FAA means and standard deviations (SDs). Subgroup analysis was carried out to explore the source of heterogeneity.
Results: 23 studies were included (MDD: n = 1928, controls: n = 2604). A significant Grand Mean effect size (ES) was obtained from FAA(F4−F3) (d = -0.03; CI = [-0.05] – [-0.01]). The subgroup analyses showed no significant differences stratified by the calculation formula, the reference montage, age, and depression severity.
Conclusions: The main result was a small but significant ES that was only present for FAA(F4−F3), indicating insufficient diagnostic value of FAA in MDD. Although subgroup analysis did not reveal potential effects of other moderators, future studies should include comorbidity and medication status in the analysis to eliminate interaction effects.
Analysis of Spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall among the Agro-Climatic Zone of Abiya Watershed, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Meharie Enyew Azene , Taye Mintesinot Azene , Lema Adane Tesfaye , Alemu Melkamu Meseret 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Studies like this have a paramount advantage in area where rain-fed agriculture is dominant. The objective of this study was to analyze the spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall among the agro-climatic zones of Abiya Watershed. The study employed 50 sample grid points from CHIRPS for the period 1981–2019 with a spatial resolution of 5km\(\times\)5km. Coefficient of variation (CV), precipitation concentration index (PCI), and Standardized anomaly index (SAI) were used to analyze rainfall variability. Mann Kendall’s (MK) and Sen’s slop have used to define the trends and magnitude of the changes in rainfall amount. The CV output shows low, moderate, and high variability of monthly and seasonal rainfall and low inter-annual variability. The PCI of the watershed showed uniform seasonal rainfall distribution (summer and spring), strong irregular seasonal rainfall distribution (winter), and irregular annual rainfall distribution, and the SAI perceived the existence of inter-annual and inter-seasonal variability of rainfall with a greater negative anomalies percentage. The MK output presented, most of the months were increased and all increased in the annual and seasonal rainfall. The information obtained from this study was used as input for decision-makers to take appropriate adaptive measures in agricultural sectors.
Modelling and Assessing Complex Networks Using Virtual Reality: A Case Study on Biological Data
Authors: Hisham Ahmed , Mahmood Basim 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The rapid advancement of technology has led to the generation of vast amounts of complex data, making it difficult to understand and analyze. Traditional 2D data visualization methods have limitations, and network models with nodes and edges have emerged as a more efficient way to analyze large-scale data. However, with the emergence of virtual reality (VR) technology and the metaverse concept, there is an opportunity to visualize and analyze data in an interactive 3D way. This paper investigates the integration of VR technology and complex networks to create interactive data visualization models. A 3D VR-based interactive biological network model was designed and implemented for the sex chromosomes' gene-gene interactions, which proved its efficiency in terms of usability when tested by experts. The developed model enables analysts to immerse themselves in the data and interact with its objects, leading to more professional, deep, and accurate analysis.
Microwave-activated Synthetic Route to Various Biologically Important
Heterocycles Involving Transition Metal Catalysts
Authors: Basu Soumyadip , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda 
Published: December 2023

Abstract:
This study incorporates the assembly of development methodologies of microwave-acti-vated protocol involving transition metal catalysts for the synthesis of numerous biologically im-portant heterocycles during the past few years. Herein, it highlights the potential of transition metal salts as catalysts in multicomponent reactions performed under microwave conditions for the for-mation of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur-containing bioactive heterocycle moieties. Microwave-activated organic synthesis has been well-utilized as an alternative to conventional methodology in pharmaceutical companies due to its potential to significantly improve the rate and consequently diminish the time span of the synthetic process. The traditional methods involving transition metal catalysts for synthesizing bioactive heterocyclic molecules are prolonged and, thus, difficult to meet the requirements for the timely supply of these important compounds. In our review, our main focus is on integrating such synthetic strategies involving transition metal catalysis with a microwave-activated multicomponent approach for developing bioactive heterocycles.
Review of Deep Learning Algorithms for Urban Remote Sensing Using
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)
Authors: Datta Souvik , Durairaj Subbulekshmi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract:
This study conducts a comprehensive review of Deep Learning-based approaches
for accurate object segmentation and detection in high-resolution imagery captured by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The methodology employs three different existing algorithms tailored to detect roads, buildings, trees, and water bodies. These algorithms include
Res-UNet for roads and buildings, DeepForest for trees, and WaterDetect for water bodies. To
evaluate the effectiveness of this approach, the performance of each algorithm is compared
with state-of-the-art (SOTA) models for each class. The results of the study demonstrate that
the methodology outperforms SOTA models in all three classes, achieving an accuracy of 93%
for roads and buildings using Res-U-Net, 95% for trees using DeepForest, and an impressive
98% for water bodies using WaterDetect. The paper utilizes a Deep Learning-based approach
for accurate object segmentation and detection in high-resolution UAV imagery, achieving superior performance to SOTA models, with reduced overfitting and faster training by employing
three smaller models for each task
Global, Regional, and National Burden of Myocarditis in 204 Countries and Territories From 1990 to 2019: Updated Systematic Analysis
Authors: Kong Qingyu , Xu Xue , Li Meng , Meng Xiao , Zhao Cuifen , Yang Xiaorong 
Published: December 2023

Background
Myocarditis is characterized by high disability and mortality, and imposes a severe burden on population health globally. However, the latest global magnitude and secular trend of myocarditis burden have not been reported.

Objective
This study aimed to delineate the epidemiological characteristics of myocarditis burden globally for optimizing targeted prevention and research.

Methods
Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, the myocarditis burden from 1990 to 2019 was modeled using the Cause of Death Ensemble tool, DisMod-MR, and spatiotemporal Gaussian regression. We depicted the epidemiology and trends of myocarditis by sex, age, year, region, and sociodemographic index (SDI). R program version 4.2.1 (R Project for Statistical Computing) was applied for all statistical analyses, and a 2-sided P-value of <.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
The number of incident cases (1,268,000) and deaths (32,450) associated with myocarditis in 2019 increased by over 1.6 times compared with the values in 1990 globally. On the other hand, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) decreased slightly from 1990 to 2019. The disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) decreased slightly in the past 3 decades, while the age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) decreased greatly from 18.29 per 100,000 person-years in 1990 to 12.81 per 100,000 person-years in 2019. High SDI regions always showed a more significant ASIR. The ASIR slightly decreased in all SDI regions between 1990 and 2019. Middle SDI regions had the highest ASMR and ASDR in 2019. Low SDI regions had the lowest ASMR and ASDR in 2019. The age-standardized rates (ASRs) of myocarditis were higher among males than among females from 1990 to 2019 globally. All ASRs among both sexes had a downward trend, except for the ASMR among males, which showed a stable trend, and females had a more significant decrease in the ASDR than males. Senior citizens had high incident cases and deaths among both sexes in 2019. The peak numbers of DALYs for both sexes were noted in the under 1 age group in 2019. At the national level, the estimated annual percentage changes in the ASRs had significant negative correlations with the baseline ASRs in 1990.

Conclusions
Globally, the number of incident cases and deaths associated with myocarditis have increased significantly. On the other hand, the ASRs of myocarditis showed decreasing trends from 1990 to 2019. Males consistently showed higher ASRs of myocarditis than females from 1990 to 2019 globally. Senior citizens gradually predominated in terms of myocarditis burden. Policymakers should establish targeted control strategies based on gender, region, age, and SDI; strengthen aging-related health research; and take notice of the changes in the epidemic characteristics of myocarditis.
Medical Student Experiences and Perceptions of ChatGPT and Artificial Intelligence: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alkhaaldi Saif M I , Kassab Carl H , Dimassi Zakia , Oyoun Alsoud Leen , Al Fahim Maha , Al Hageh Cynthia , Ibrahim Halah 
Published: December 2023

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize the way medicine is learned, taught, and practiced, and medical education must prepare learners for these inevitable changes. Academic medicine has, however, been slow to embrace recent AI advances. Since its launch in November 2022, ChatGPT has emerged as a fast and user-friendly large language model that can assist health care professionals, medical educators, students, trainees, and patients. While many studies focus on the technology’s capabilities, potential, and risks, there is a gap in studying the perspective of end users.

Objective
The aim of this study was to gauge the experiences and perspectives of graduating medical students on ChatGPT and AI in their training and future careers.

Methods
A cross-sectional web-based survey of recently graduated medical students was conducted in an international academic medical center between May 5, 2023, and June 13, 2023. Descriptive statistics were used to tabulate variable frequencies.

Results
Of 325 applicants to the residency programs, 265 completed the survey (an 81.5% response rate). The vast majority of respondents denied using ChatGPT in medical school, with 20.4% (n=54) using it to help complete written assessments and only 9.4% using the technology in their clinical work (n=25). More students planned to use it during residency, primarily for exploring new medical topics and research (n=168, 63.4%) and exam preparation (n=151, 57%). Male students were significantly more likely to believe that AI will improve diagnostic accuracy (n=47, 51.7% vs n=69, 39.7%; P=.001), reduce medical error (n=53, 58.2% vs n=71, 40.8%; P=.002), and improve patient care (n=60, 65.9% vs n=95, 54.6%; P=.007). Previous experience with AI was significantly associated with positive AI perception in terms of improving patient care, decreasing medical errors and misdiagnoses, and increasing the accuracy of diagnoses (P=.001, P<.001, P=.008, respectively).

Conclusions
The surveyed medical students had minimal formal and informal experience with AI tools and limited perceptions of the potential uses of AI in health care but had overall positive views of ChatGPT and AI and were optimistic about the future of AI in medical education and health care. Structured curricula and formal policies and guidelines are needed to adequately prepare medical learners for the forthcoming integration of AI in medicine.
Glutaraldehyde Crosslinked Alginate-Chitosan Nanoparticles as Paracetamol Adsorbent
Authors: Nurmala Nurmala , Suratman Adhitasari , Suherman Suherman 
Published: December 2023

Paracetamol contained in wastewater can cause adverse effects on animal ecosystems, such as fish living in waters and cause harmful effects on humans. Adsorption techniques are used to remove these pharmaceutical compounds. Alginate-chitosan nanoparticles are non-toxic and effectively used as adsorbents to remove pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater. Research on glutaraldehyde crosslinked alginate-chitosan nanoparticles as paracetamol adsorbent has been carried out. This research used the ionic gelation method. Nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX) and Fourier transform infra-red spectrophotometer (FTIR). Furthermore, the nanoparticles were used for paracetamol adsorption. The results showed that the form nanoparticles are coarse solid powder and brownish yellow. The TEM image shows an average nanoparticle size of 8.22 nm. Glutaraldehyde crosslinked alginate-chitosan nanoparticles adsorbed paracetamol with adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order or Ho-McKay model, the adsorption rate constant of 0.0324 g mg−1 min−1. The isotherm study of paracetamol adsorption by glutaraldehyde cross-linked alginate-chitosan nanoparticles followed the isotherm Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model with a free energy value of 707.1068 kJ mol−1, and this value indicates the adsorption process by chemically or chemisorption.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Amoxicillin Using New Organic Reagent <i>via</i> Different Analytical Methods
Authors: Mahmood Helen Abd Alhassan , Sabah Rulla , Abood Nisreen Kais 
Published: December 2023

New and simple spectrophotometric method was applied for amoxicillin determination by oxidative coupling with an organic reagent 1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(5-(4-nitrophenyl)-furan-2-yl)-yl)-prop-2-en-1-one (H) to form an orange colored dye with λmax of 490 nm. The molecular structure of the new compound H was characterized using spectral analysis including 1H-NMR, FTIR, Mass spectroscopy, and UV-visible. The concentration range of oxidative coupling obeyed Beer's law was 2–50 μg/mL, the correlation coefficient was 0.9995, molar absorptivity was 0.63 × 104 L/mol cm, and the detection limit was 0.189 μg/mL. The concentration range of flow injection obeyed Beer's law was 1–150 μg/mL, the correlation coefficient was 0.9994, molar absorptivity was 0.295 × 104 L/mol cm, and the detection limit was 0.407 μg/mL. The proposed method was successfully applied in pharmaceutical formulation for amoxicillin determination. The results showed that amoxicillin could be reacted with a new compound H in the alkaline medium in the presence of oxidative agent NaIO4 and automated by flow injection analysis. The proposed methods have the advantage of simple, fast, very sensitive, good precision and accuracy. The suggested technique was effectively used to estimate amoxicillin in both its pure form and pharmaceutical formulations.
Drug-Molecule Adsorption onto Silicon-Doped Fullerene: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Apriati Yosephine Novita , Kristiawan Bambang , Jannah Nikmatul , Nugraheni Ari Dwi , Sholihun Sholihun 
Published: December 2023

Density functional theory calculations were performed to study the interactions between the host material Si-doped fullerene and the drug molecules paracetamol, a pain and fever reducer, and hydroxyurea, a drug for leukemic treatment. All atoms were relaxed so that the atomic force was less than 5.0 × 10−3 eV/Å. Structural and electronic properties, such as adsorption energy, formation energy, and charge transfer, were calculated. Results showed that Si-doped fullerene had more negative adsorption energy and lower formation energy than undoped fullerene, indicating that drug molecules could be chemisorbed in Si-doped fullerene. These results contribute to the future drug delivery application.