bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence of Rod‐Shape 25‐Atom AuAg Nanoclusters through Ligand Engineering
Authors: Kuang Kaiyang , Zhou Chuanjun , Jing Mengmeng , Fang Chunming , Li Zhuoyuan , Chen Shuang , Zhu Manzhou 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe pursuit of highly emissive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) luminophores has long been a goal for both understanding mechanism and advancing detection applications. In this study, we employ ligand engineering to boost the ECL performance of bimetallic Au12Ag13 nanoclusters, substituting the PPh3 ligand with P(Ph‐OMe)3. The results demonstrate a 3.6‐fold enhancement in ECL efficiency following ligand exchange when compared to Au12Ag13‐PPh3, particularly in the presence of 1 mM tri‐n‐propylamine (TPrA) as a coreactant – surpassing the performance of the conventional Ru(bpy)32+ luminophore. Voltammetric analysis reveals the presence of both oxidative and reductive ECL signals under sweeping potentials, with corresponding ECL spectra collected. Proposed ECL mechanisms are rooted in the anodic and cathodic activities of Au12Ag13‐P(Ph‐OMe)3 nanoclusters. Notably, this work captures extremely high and transient ECL signals, sequentially activating LUMO and HOMO states, reminiscent of the behavior observed in Au12Ag13‐PPh3. Our findings present a promising strategy to enhance the ECL of metal nanoclusters, holding potential for further applications in sensing and detection.
Development of an automatic conversion method for the conversion of a CIE‐XYZ color system to a DIN color system
Authors: Yang Hongying , Feng Nuoya , Zhang Jingjing , Zhang Ge , Yang Yubin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe DIN color system is a visually uniform system adopted as the standard by several countries in central Europe. Currently, the conversion method from CIE‐XYZ color system to DIN color system consists of the DIN 6164 method combined with the manual reading method. However, the DIN 6164 method cannot be used for the edges of a chromaticity diagram. The manual reading method can read all areas in a chromaticity diagram; however, it is too inefficient to convert large quantities of data. This study builds on the manual reading method to create a new method entitled the program reading method. Upon comparing the relative error, absolute error and conversion times of all methods, it was determined that the program reading method achieved higher accuracy than that of the manual reading method. The maximum relative error of the program reading method was 3.24%; however, the conversion time for each sample was 0.07 s, which was 3.5 times slower than that of the DIN 6164 method. Based on these findings, this study proposes an automatic conversion method that combines the strengths of both approaches: the DIN 6164 method to be used for interpolable areas and the program reading method to be used for areas that cannot be interpolated. The automatic conversion method outlined in this study provides an efficient, precise and fast way to convert a CIE‐XYZ color system to a DIN color system.
Disseminated thymoma in pleural fluid: An unusual case
Authors: Berry Kate , Cooper Caroline 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThymic epithelial tumours show characteristic cytological features on fine‐needle aspiration cytology, however the cytological features of thymoma in fluid cytology are not well described. We present the case of a 77 year‐old‐woman with known pleural dissemination of type B2/B3 thymoma presenting with shortness of breath and orthopnoea due to a pleural effusion. Cytological evaluation of the pleural fluid showed cellular smears composed of numerous small lymphocytes with small numbers of admixed mesothelial cells. There was no epithelial component. On immunohistochemical (IHC) staining the lymphocytes were T cells which were positive for CD3. CD1a and terminal deoxynucleotide transferase (TdT) were also positive, consistent with immature lymphocytes of thymic origin. Despite the lack of an epithelial component, this case was diagnosed as suspicious for recurrent/ metastatic thymoma. This is only the second published case of thymoma identified on pleural fluid cytology, and to our knowledge the first case describing thymoma in pleural fluid with no epithelial component, a potential pitfall with the more common differential diagnosis of a reactive lymphocytic effusion.
Snowmelt progression drives habitat selection and vegetation disturbance by an Arctic avian herbivore
Authors: Eischeid Isabell , Madsen Jesper , Ims Rolf A. , Nolet Bart A. , Pedersen Åshild Ø. , Schreven Kees H. T. , Soininen Eeva M. , Yoccoz Nigel G. , Ravolainen Virve T. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractArctic tundra vegetation is affected by rapid climatic change and fluctuating herbivore population sizes. Broad‐billed geese, after their arrival in spring, feed intensively on belowground rhizomes, thereby disturbing soil, mosses, and vascular plant vegetation. Understanding of how springtime snowmelt patterns drive goose behavior is thus key to better predict the state of Arctic tundra ecosystems. Here, we analyzed how snowmelt progression affected springtime habitat selection and vegetation disturbance by pink‐footed geese (Anser brachyrhynchus) in Svalbard during 2019. Our analysis, based on GPS telemetry data and field observations of geese, plot‐based assessments of signs of vegetation disturbance, and drone and satellite images, covered two spatial scales (fine scale: extent 0.3 km2, resolution 5 cm; valley scale: extent 30 km2, resolution 10 m). We show that pink‐footed goose habitat selection and signs of vegetation disturbance were correlated during the spring pre‐breeding period; disturbances were most prevalent in the moss tundra vegetation class and areas free from snow early in the season. The results were consistent across the spatial scales and methods (GPS telemetry and field observations). We estimated that 23.4% of moss tundra and 11.2% of dwarf‐shrub heath vegetation in the valley showed signs of disturbance by pink‐footed geese during the study period. This study demonstrates that aerial imagery and telemetry can provide data to detect disturbance hotspots caused by pink‐footed geese. Our study provides empirical evidence to general notions about implications of climate change and snow season changes that include increased variability in precipitation.
Whole blood stimulation as a tool for studying the human immune system
Authors: Müller Sophie , Kröger Charlotte , Schultze Joachim L. , Aschenbrenner Anna C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe human immune system is best accessible via tissues and organs not requiring major surgical intervention, such as blood. In many circumstances, circulating immune cells correlate with an individual's health state and give insight into physiological and pathophysiological processes. Stimulating whole blood ex vivo is a powerful tool to investigate immune responses. In the context of clinical research, the applications of whole blood stimulation include host immunity, disease characterization, diagnosis, treatment, and drug development. Here, we summarize different setups and readouts of whole blood assays and discuss applications for preclinical research and clinical practice. Finally, we propose combining whole blood stimulation with high‐throughput technologies, such as single‐cell RNA‐sequencing, to comprehensively analyze the human immune system for the identification of biomarkers, therapeutic interventions as well as companion diagnostics.
Access to Secondary Amines through Hydrogen Autotransfer Reaction Mediated by KOtBu
Authors: P Hima , Tomasini Michele , M Vageesh , Poater Albert , Dey Raju 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe report herein an N‐alkylation reaction of amines with alcohols through a hydrogen autotransfer reaction. Unlike other catalytic systems containing transition metals or additives, potassium tertiary butoxide was found to be a unique and effective catalyst for synthesizing secondary amines. The role of the K+ ion and the reaction intermediates were studied under control experiments and by theoretical calculations. The reaction was found to be general and tolerates a series of functional groups, providing a convenient method to synthesize N‐alkylated compounds.
Long‐term postoperative opioid use in orthopaedic patients
Authors: Melis Eward J. , Vriezekolk Johanna E. , van der Laan Julian C. C. , Smolders José M. H. , van den Bemt Bart J. F. , Fenten Maaike G. E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of long‐term opioid use after orthopaedic surgery varies from 1.4% to 24% and has mostly been studied with prescription data, making it difficult to estimate the size and impact of the problem. This study aims to assess the prevalence and predictors of long‐term postoperative opioid use in a high volume and tertiary orthopaedic centre by using online patient reported measures.MethodsThis Dutch prospective cohort study was conducted among adult patients who underwent any type of orthopaedic surgery from June to August 2021. Six months after surgery patients were invited to complete an online survey on current opioid use and patients' willingness to taper opioids. The demographics, clinical factors and preoperative opioid use were extracted from the patient file.ResultsIn total, 607 patients (mean age 61.2 years, 63.4% female) completed the survey. Seventy‐six patients (12.5%) used opioids 6 months after surgery of which 20 (3.3%) did not use opioids before surgery. The median (Q1–Q3) postoperative daily dose after 6 months was 29.9 mg (10.0–76.1) morphine equivalents. Most of them (88.2%) wanted to taper opioids. Affected body region (OR's: 6.84–12.75) and pre‐operative opioid use (OR = 35.33) were significant predictors of long‐term opioid use.ConclusionThe prevalence of long‐term postoperative opioid use was 12.5%; one in thirty patients became a new long‐term opioid user. Pre‐operative opioid use and affected body region were predictive for long‐term opioid use. These findings, together with the observation that long‐term opioid users want to taper opioids, emphasize the relevance of prevention, recognition and tapering support in the perioperative setting.Level of EvidenceLevel II.SignificanceShort‐term opioid use can unintentionally progress to long‐term opioid use. The prevalence of long‐term opioid use after orthopaedic surgery varies widely and is mostly prescription‐based, making it difficult to estimate the magnitude of the problem. This study assessed long‐term postoperative opioid use in a full breadth orthopaedic population using patient reported measures, making conclusions much more robust. The prevalence of long‐term postoperative opioid use in this study was 12.5%.
Autonomic nervous system function assessed by heart rate variability and the presence of symptoms affecting activities of daily living in community‐dwelling residents with chronic pain: The Hisayama Study
Authors: Nakamura Yuri , Shibata Mao , Morisaki Yukiko , Hirabayashi Naoki , Higashioka Mayu , Hata Jun , Hosoi Masako , Sudo Nobuyuki , Yamaura Ken , Ninomiya Toshiharu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAutonomic nervous system dysfunction has been reported to be associated with impaired activities of daily living (ADL) among patients with chronic pain, but the association has not been fully addressed in general populations. This study cross‐sectionally investigated the association between autonomic nervous system function and the presence of subjective symptoms affecting ADL in community‐dwelling residents with chronic pain.MethodsA total of 888 residents with chronic pain, aged 40–79 years, who underwent a health examination in 2017–2018 were included. Based on heart rate variability measured by fingertip pulse wave, the standard deviation of normal‐to‐normal intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive RR interval differences (RMSSD), low frequency (LF) power, and high frequency (HF) power were calculated. Symptoms affecting ADL were defined as those scoring ≥1 on the modified Rankin Scale. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for symptoms affecting ADL were estimated using a logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe overall prevalence of symptoms affecting ADL was 39.4%. The ORs for symptoms affecting ADL increased significantly per 1‐standard‐deviation decrement in log‐transformed SDNN (OR 1.23 [95% CI 1.06–1.44]), RMSSD (1.25 [1.08–1.45]), LF power (1.29 [1.11–1.52]), and HF power (1.29 [1.11–1.51]) after adjusting for age, sex, education, hypertension, diabetes, serum total cholesterol level, body mass index, past medical history, current smoking, current drinking, exercise, depressive symptoms, and pain intensity.ConclusionsDecreased heart rate variability was associated with the presence of symptoms affecting ADL among individuals with chronic pain in a Japanese community.SignificanceDecrease in heart rate variability was associated with the presence of symptoms affecting ADL among individuals with chronic pain in a Japanese community. This article could help scientists understand the significance of autonomic nervous system dysfunction in the pathology of chronic pain. Approaches that target autonomic nervous system dysfunction may be an option to relieve or prevent symptoms affecting ADL for chronic pain sufferers.
Carbon leakage or carbon reduction? Carbon emission effect of the production relocation of metal smelting industry in China
Authors: Liu Hongguang , Wang Zhaoya , Guo Yanan , Chen Zhijun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe metal smelting industry (MSI) is one of the major carbon emission sectors in China, and it is of great significance to clarify the mechanism and truth of the carbon effect of production relocation (PR) of MSI for reducing national carbon emissions. Based on this thinking and previous studies, we proposed two concepts of relative carbon emission effect (RCE) and absolute carbon emission effect (ACE) of PR, then developed models to explore the impact of PR of MSI (PRM) on national carbon emission between 30 provincial administrative units in China from 2007 to 2017. The study demonstrates that the PRM and its ACE and RCE is divergent across provinces and regions. Overall, the PRM is beneficial to national carbon reduction under both relative and absolute scenarios. Specifically, the transfer‐in PRM of most provinces in central regions is beneficial to national carbon reduction, while the transfer‐out PRM of many provinces in coastal areas has worst carbon leakage effect.
Views of homecare staff and carers on oral needs and dental care for people living with dementia: A qualitative study
Authors: Soilemezi Dia , Wanyonyi Kristina , Hill Valerie , Manthorpe Jill 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivePeople living with dementia are at risk of mouth and dental problems. Many receive help with this aspect of personal care from family carers or homecare workers. We explored the views of homecare providers and carers on how this aspect of personal care is addressed and implemented.Materials and methodsIn this qualitative study we conducted semi‐structured interviews with carers (all family members), homecare workers and managers providing support to people living with dementia in their own homes. Interview questions focused on daily care practices, exploring barriers and facilitators to oral care. Interviews were recorded online or over the telephone, transcribed, and thematically analysed.ResultsCarers (n = 8), homecare workers (n = 9) and homecare managers (n = 15) were recruited from across England in 2021–2022. Across interviews, two main themes were identified: (i) Missed opportunities to address oral care, which is not always seen as a priority despite the importance and potential risk of neglect. (ii) Challenges in delivering oral care, including factors related to the person living with dementia (such as cognitive and physical decline) and factors related to the care infrastructure and policies such as training, perception of roles, allocated time, and consistency of care.DiscussionMore emphasis could be given to the training and skills of homecare providers to identify and prevent dental problems and to assist carers. Several strategies and tools (oral care checklists, greater detail around oral care in care assessments and care plans) could be used to enhance this aspect of personal care for people living with dementia.
An Investigation in the Comparability of the Exposure and Recommended Dose of Selected Pfizer Drugs in East Asian Countries: Is Mutual Usage of Clinical Data Among East Asian Countries Feasible?
Authors: Wang Diane D. , Yu Yanke , Fukuhara Kei , Liu Yuwang , Park So‐Young , Parivar Kourosh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe current regulatory path for new drug registration in East Asian countries has led to significant delay of the new medicines in these countries. A unified regulatory path and allowance of mutual usage of clinical data in East Asian countries would lead to cost saving in drug development and expedite the new drug registration in these countries. The objectives of the present analysis are to compare the approval dates of a selection of products developed by Pfizer in the United States and East Asian countries (China, Japan, Korea) and compare the pharmacokinetics and recommended doses of these products in East Asian countries. Eighteen products (20 drugs, 2 products with 2 combination drugs) with exposure data available in at least 2 of the 3 East Asian countries across different therapeutic areas were included in the analyses. The results showed that most products had delayed approval in East Asian countries (up to 8 years) after US or EU approval. No distinct differences were observed in the drug exposure and recommended doses for the selected products in East Asian countries. These results together with literature data of genetic similarity of the East Asian populations support the mutual usage of the clinical data in the East Asian countries for expedited regulatory submission and approval.
Cardiovascular effects of weight loss in old adults with overweight/obesity according to change in skeletal muscle mass
Authors: Cai Xiaojie , Liu Menghui , Xu Xingfeng , Zhang Shaozhao , Huang Rihua , Wang Peng , He Lixiang , Chen Zhuohui , Liu Zishan , Zhou Yi , Guo Yue , Zhuang Xiaodong , Liao Xinxue 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes are encouraged to lose weight, but not all losing weight gain better cardiovascular health, especially old adults. The change in skeletal muscle mass (SMM) could be the key that explains the heterogenous cardiovascular effects of weight loss. This study aims to assess whether the cardiovascular effects of weight loss vary for those gaining skeletal muscle along with weight loss.MethodsThe old adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes in the Look AHEAD study having muscle measurement from dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry were included. Based on the weight change (WC) and SMM change (SMMC) between baseline and the 4‐year follow‐up, participants were allocated into three groups—weight gain (WG) group, weight loss with muscle loss (WL‐ML) group and weight loss with muscle gain (WL‐MG) group. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to evaluate the cardiovascular risk of those gaining or losing SMM with weight loss compared with those gaining weight. Among the participants with weight loss, the ratio of SMMC/WC was calculated, and the association of SMMC/WC with primary cardiovascular outcome was assessed.ResultsA total of 491 participants were included in the study with an average age of 64.56 ± 3.81 years old. A total of 47.0% were male and 49.9% were from the intensive lifestyle intervention arm. Based on their WC and SMMC, 43 were assigned to the WG group, 373 to the WL‐ML group and 75 to the WL‐MG group. Over a follow‐up of almost 10 years, 97 participants encountered the primary endpoint. The WG group had the highest incidence of 25.59%, the WL‐MG group had the lowest incidence of 9.33% and the WL‐ML group had 21.18% (P = 0.040). In the fourth adjusted Cox model, the WL‐MG group achieved significantly decreased odds of the primary endpoint compared with the WG group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.12, 0.87], P = 0.026), whilst the WL‐ML group did not (HR 0.91, 95% CI [0.47, 1.78], P = 0.670). Among the participants with weight loss, when SMMC/WC reached around 50%, this HR soared to approximately two‐fold.ConclusionsThe participants gaining SMM along with weight loss achieved the lowest odds of adverse cardiovascular events, whilst those who lost SMM along with weight loss had comparable cardiovascular risk with those gaining weight. The more muscle lost during weight loss, the greater the harm. The cardiovascular effects of weight loss were modulated by whether the participants gained SMM meanwhile losing weight.
Positive correlation between measures of habitual responding and motivated responding in mice
Authors: Bryant Kathleen G. , Barker Jacqueline M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHabit and motivation are thought to be separate processes, with motivated behavior often considered to be goal directed, whereas habits are defined by the absence of goal‐directed control over behavior. However, there has been increasing interrogation of the binary nature of habitual versus goal‐directed behavior. Furthermore, although drug and alcohol exposure can promote the formation of habits, drug seeking itself can also be highly flexible, pointing toward the need for complex consideration of the parallel processes that drive behavior. The goal of the current study was to determine whether there was a relation between motivation—as measured by progressive ratio—and habit—as measured by contingency degradation—and whether this relation was affected by ethanol exposure history and sex. The results showed that these measures were positively correlated such that greater contingency insensitivity was associated with achieving higher break points on the progressive‐ratio task. However, this relation depended on reinforcement schedule history, ethanol exposure history, and sex. These point to potential relations between measures of habit and motivation and stress the importance of carefully parsing behavioral findings and assays. These findings are also expected to inform future substance use research, as drug history may affect these relations.