bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth cones contain myosin II bipolar filament arrays
Authors: Bridgman Paul C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNonmuscle myosin II is among the most abundant forms of myosin in nerve growth cones. At least two isoforms of myosin II (A and B) that have overlapping but distinct distributions are found in growth cones. It appears that both myosin IIA and IIB may be necessary for normal nerve outgrowth and motility, but the molecular interactions responsible for their activity remain unclear. For instance, it is unknown if these myosin II isoforms produce bipolar “minifilaments” in growth cones similar to those observed in other nonmuscle cells. To determine if minifilaments are present in growth cones, we modified the electron microscopy preparative procedures used to detect minifilaments in other cell types. We found structures that appeared very similar to bipolar minifilaments found in noneuronal cells. They also labeled with antibodies to either myosin IIA or IIB. Thus, the activity of myosin II in growth cones is likely to be similar to that in other nonmuscle cells. Bipolar filaments interacting with oppositely oriented actin filaments will produce localized contractions or exert tension on actin networks. This activity will be responsible for the myosin II dependent motility in growth cones. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 52:91–96, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of monomeric dynein activity by ATP and ADP concentrations
Authors: Shiroguchi Katsuyuki , Toyoshima Yoko Y. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAxonemal dyneins are force‐generating ATPases that produce ciliary and flagellar movement. A dynein has large heavy chain(s) in which there are multiple (4–6) ATP‐binding consensus sequences (P‐loops) as well as intermediate and light chains, constituting a very large complex. We purified a monomeric form of dynein (dynein‐a) that has at least three light chains from 14S dyneins of Tetrahymena thermophila and characterized it. In in vitro motility assays, dynein‐a rotated microtubules around their longitudinal axis as well as translocated them with their plus‐ends leading. ATPase activity at 1 mM ATP was doubled in the presence of a low level of ADP (≥ 20 μM). Both ATPase activity and translocational velocities in the presence of ADP (≥ 20 μM) fit the Michaelis‐Menten equation well. However, in the absence of ADP (< 0.1 μM), neither of the activities followed the Michaelis‐Menten‐type kinetics, probably due to the effect of two ATP‐binding sites. Our results also indicate that dynein‐a has an ATP‐binding site that is very sensitive to ADP and affects ATP hydrolysis at the catalytic site. This study shows that a monomeric form of a dynein molecule regulates its activity by direct binding of ATP and ADP to itself, and thus the dynein molecule has an intramolecular regulating system. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 49:189–199, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hyperpolarized3He gas production and MR imaging of the lung
Authors: Leawoods Jason C. , Yablonskiy Dmitriy A. , Saam Brian , Gierada David S. , Conradi Mark S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOptical polarization of3He generates large nuclear spin magnetizations, allowing MR imaging of the gas spaces of human and animal lungs despite the low number density of spins in the gas. The atomic physics of optical pumping and spin exchange is explained; the hardware for polarizing, transporting, and imaging is detailed. Pulse sequences for optimum use of the nonrenewable magnetization require a different imaging strategy than traditional proton MRI. Examples are discussed for static lung images, diffusion images for characterization of the local alveolar structure, and high temporal resolution images. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 13: 277–293, 2001
Primary pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma
Authors: Essary Lydia R. , Vargas Sara O. , Fletcher Christopher D. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrimary pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma (SS) is a rare neoplasm and a recently recognized anatomic subset. Its clinicopathologic attributes are not yet well defined.METHODSIn this study, the clinical and histopathologic features of 12 SS arising in the lung and/ or pleura were analyzed.RESULTSThe neoplasms occurred in 7 men and 5 women, 20–72 years old (median, 31 years), were well circumscribed with a mean size of 7.2 cm, and involved either lung (9 cases), pleura (2 cases), or both (1 case). All the tumors were of monophasic type. Nine showed a classic spindle cell pattern, and three showed predominantly poorly differentiated features. All but one case showed at least focal positivity for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), a finding characteristic of this tumor. The lack of EMA staining in one case, proven by electron microscopy to be SS, was attributed to the scarcity of material available for immunohistochemical stains. The diagnosis was proven cytogenetically in three cases. Within 2 years, local recurrence developed in 8 patients (75%), 3 of whom developed metastasis (25%). Five patients died of their disease within 2.5 years, 4 of them from uncontrolled local disease.CONCLUSIONSThe authors conclude that pleuropulmonary SS, although rare, represents a distinct anatomic subset having pathologic features similar to those of its soft tissue counterpart. Its clinical behavior appears more aggressive, perhaps because of relatively later presentation combined with the difficulty in obtaining a wide surgical margin. Cancer 2002;94:459–69. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
Clinical usefulness of color doppler ultrasound in patients with endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma
Authors: Emoto Makoto , Tamura Riko , Shirota Kyoko , Hachisuga Toru , Kawarabayashi Tatsuhiko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to examine the usefulness of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound (TV‐CDU) in differentiating between endometrial hyperplasia (EH) and endometrial carcinoma (EC) and in predicting tumor spread in patients with EC.METHODSSeventy‐one postmenopausal patients were enrolled with either EH or EC that had been diagnosed by endometrial biopsy. The presence or absence of intratumoral blood flow was assessed by TV‐CDU. The intratumoral blood flow characteristics were analyzed using the resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), and peak systolic velocity (PSV). The endometrial thickness also was measured in all patients by gray‐scale sonography. The correlation of these sonographic findings with histologic type, tumor grade, surgical stage, myometrial invasion, or the presence or absence of pelvic lymph node metastasis was then evaluated in patients with EC.RESULTSAlthough there were no patients with EC with endometrial thickness measuring < 5 mm, no significant difference was found in the mean value of endometrial thickness between patients with EH (n = 18 patients; 16.2 mm ± 15.9 mm) and patients with EC (n = 53 patients; 18.7 mm ± 17.1 mm). Intratumoral blood flow was detected in significant numbers of patients who had EC (71.7%; 38 of 53 patients) compared with patients who had EH (5.6%; 1 of 18 patients; P < 0.0001). Thus, no patients with EH showed any blood flow in the endometrial lesions, except for one patient who had EH complicated by pyometra. In patients with EC, the positive rate of intratumoral blood flow was correlated significantly with myometrial invasion, tumor grade, and pelvic lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05; Cochran–Armitage trend test). No associations were found between RI, PI, or PSV and the clinicopathologic parameters examined, including surgical stage.CONCLUSIONSTV‐CDU may be more useful in differentiating between EH and EC than measuring endometrial thickness by transvaginal gray‐scale sonography. For patients with EC, the detection of intratumoral blood flow may be helpful in distinguishing between low‐grade and high‐grade tumors and predicting myometrial invasion. However, intratumoral blood flow analysis using RI, PI, or PSV may not be useful for predicting tumor spread before surgery. Cancer 2002;94:700–6. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10208
Ten‐year survival with chemotherapy and radiotherapy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus
Authors: Bidoli Paolo , Bajetta Emilio , Stani Simonetta C. , De Candis Daniela , Santoro Armando , Valente Maurizio , Zucali Roberto , Valagussa Pinuccia , Ravasi Gianni , Bonadonna Gianni 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effects of multimodality treatment on the survival of patients with esophageal carcinoma are unclear. The authors performed a prospective, Phase II study to assess the long‐term results of chemotherapy plus radiotherapy (RT) on patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.METHODSOf 106 consecutive patients who were recruited between 1985 and 1992, 101 patients were evaluable. Cisplatin (100 mg/m2per day) on Day 1 and fluorouracil (1000 mg/m2per day) on Days 1–4 were given for two cycles, with concomitant RT (30 grays [Gy] in 15 fractions) over 19 days. Patients with potentially resectable tumors were then assessed for curative surgery; the other patients received two more courses of chemotherapy and further RT (20 Gy in 10 fractions).RESULTSOf 40 patients who were candidates for surgery, 32 patients underwent surgery, and 24 patients had complete resection; 8 patients (25%) had no residual tumor in the specimen, and 12 patients (37%) had microscopic foci only. Surgical mortality was high (22%). Of 61 nonsurgical patients, 37 patients (61%) achieved complete clinical remission, and 14 patients (23%) achieved partial remission. The median survival for the entire series was 15 months (range, 1–136 months). The overall survival rate was 22% at 5 years and 12% at 10 years. At 10 years, freedom from disease progression was similar in the two groups (24%), whereas the median survival (22 months vs. 12 months) and the overall survival rates (17% vs. 9%) were better in nonsurgical patients compared with surgical patients, respectively, probably in relation to high surgical mortality. The larynx was preserved in 28% of 32 patients with cervical disease sites, with a 10‐year disease free survival rate of 31%. Three deaths were attributed to nonsurgical treatments.CONCLUSIONSCareful multidisciplinary pretreatment evaluation can identify patients who are ineligible for surgery without compromising long‐term results. For patients with inoperable disease, chemoradiotherapy can produce relatively good long‐term results. The combined approach without surgery can permit laryngeal preservation in a useful fraction of patients. Cancer 2002;94:352–61. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
Chromosomal imbalances detected by comparative genomic hybridization are associated with outcome of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kusano Noriyoshi , Okita Kiwamu , Shirahashi Hitoshi , Harada Tomohiko , Shiraishi Kei , Oga Atsunori , Kawauchi Shigeto , Furuya Tomoko , Sasaki Kohsuke 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiologic characteristics of tumors are greatly affected by genetic aberrations. However, to the authors' knowledge there is no study that shows that cytogenetic information is useful for estimating prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODSComparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis was performed in 41 HCCs to examine whether the analysis of cytogenetic aberrations allows us to estimate biologic behavior of HCC.RESULTSTumor recurrence was linked to the loss at 13q (P = 0.0027) and to the number of DNA copy number aberrations (DCNAs; P = 0.0003). The decrease in DNA copy number at 8p and 13q and amplification at 11q13 were significantly associated with unfavorable outcome of patients (P = 0.017, P = 0.012, and P = 0.00081, respectively). The number of DCNAs was significantly different between favorable and poor prognosis patients with HCC; 5.78 ± 2.7 versus 11.13 ± 4.8 (P = 0.004), and it was an independent prognostic marker in HCCs.CONCLUSIONSThe current study indicates that cytogenetic information provided by CGH is useful for estimating prognosis of patients with HCC. Cancer 2002;94:746–51. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10254
Relevance of biologic markers in colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Barozzi Chiara , Ravaioli Matteo , D'Errico Antonia , Grazi Gian Luca , Poggioli Gilberto , Cavrini Giulia , Mazziotti Alighieri , Grigioni Walter Franco 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough pathologic stage is currently the main prognostic indicator for patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC), mounting evidence suggests that, in its current form, it is insufficient to predict clinical outcome. To assess biologic markers of primary CRC that may improve clinical staging and provide useful information for the application of novel therapeutic strategies, the authors investigated a panel of markers that included transforming growth factor‐α (TGF‐α), epithelial growth factor receptor (EGF‐R; the protein product of the c‐erb B2/HER‐2 oncogene), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP‐2), insulin‐like growth factor II (IGF‐II), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and angiogenesis, as evaluated by microvessel density (MVD).METHODSTwo groups of CRC were studied: 1) surgical samples from patients who achieved a disease free survival of at least 6 years (CRC‐M0) and 2) surgical specimens of both primary tumors and synchronous or metachronous liver metastases (CRC‐M1).RESULTSChi‐square analysis revealed that expression levels of TGF‐α, c‐erb B2/HER‐2, MMP‐2, IGF‐II, VEGF, and MVD (but not EGF‐R) were significantly higher in CRC‐M1 samples compared with CRC‐M0 samples (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001, respectively). Logistic regression analysis showed that TGF‐α, IGF‐II, and MMP‐2 had significantly greater expression in CRC‐M1 samples independent of the other variables (including tumor classification, histologic grade, and patient age). If all three markers had ≥ 25% expression, then the probability of developing liver metastasis was 99.5%.CONCLUSIONSBased on the evidence of this study, TGF‐α MMP‐2, and IGF‐II seem suitable candidates for a selective panel of markers designed to provide significant additional information with respect to the current pathologic staging system for patients with colorectal carcinoma. Cancer 2002;94:647–57. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10277
Pathologic analysis of tumor size and lymph node status in multifocal/multicentric breast carcinoma
Authors: Andea Aleodor A. , Wallis Tracie , Newman Lisa A. , Bouwman David , Dey Jyotirmoy , Visscher Daniel W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDFor unifocal invasive breast carcinoma, increasing tumor diameter predictably correlates with a greater frequency of lymph node involvement, thereby facilitating treatment decisions. In invasive breast tumors presenting with multiple nodules, however, it is unclear whether tumor size correlates with lymph node dissemination in a similar manner.METHODSThe authors analyzed a series of 101 invasive breast carcinomas presenting with multiple macroscopically apparent lesions (2 foci: n = 77; 3: n = 20; 4: n = 4). Two different assessments of the tumor size (diameter of largest focus and combined diameter of all the foci) were then correlated with the status of axillary lymph nodes. For comparison with unifocal tumors, the authors used both external and internal control series (the latter consisting of 469 patients from their institution). The associations between lymph node status, tumor size, and multifocality were modeled using univariate and multivariate logistic regression, for each modality of tumor size assessment.RESULTSThe logistic curves for multifocal and unifocal tumors were significantly different when the largest diameter was used as a tumor size estimate. Multifocal cases had higher frequencies of lymph node involvement than unifocal lesions of similar size category. In a multivariate logistic regression, the odds ratio of positive lymph node status in multifocal versus unifocal cases was 2.8 using largest diameter as a tumor size estimate (P < 0.0001). When the combined diameter assessment was used, however, the regression curve of multifocal cases was similar to that of unifocal cases, and the frequency of lymph node positivity was not significantly different in multifocal versus unifocal cases of the same size (odds ratio, 1.4; P = 0.13).CONCLUSIONSThe authors' results show that, if aggregate diameters are used, unifocal and multifocal breast carcinomas are similar with respect to frequency of regional lymph node metastasis. Currently used algorithms, which use the diameter of the largest nodule, result in understaging of multifocal breast carcinomas due to underestimation of actual tumor size. Cancer 2002;94:1383–90. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10331
Hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone and highly active antiretroviral therapy for patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome‐related burkitt lymphoma/leukemia
Authors: Cortes Jorge , Thomas Deborah , Rios Adan , Koller Charles , O'Brien Susan , Jeha Sima , Faderl Stefan , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)‐associated lymphoma/leukemia have a poor prognosis and are frequently treated with low‐intensity therapy. The authors investigated the feasibility and efficacy of hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (hyper‐CVAD), a dose‐intensive chemotherapy regimen, in patients with AIDS‐associated Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia, as well as the possible impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in these patients.METHODSThirteen patients with AIDS‐associated Burkitt lymphoma (six patients) or leukemia (acute lymphoblastic leukemia; seven patients) were treated with hyper‐CVAD alternating with high‐dose methotrexate and ara‐C for a total of eight cycles. Nine patients received HAART from the start of induction chemotherapy (seven patients) or later in the course of chemotherapy (two patients). The median patient age was 43 years (range, 32–55). Nine patients were diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at the time of diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia; the other 4 patients had been diagnosed with HIV infection for a median of 37 months (range, 18–137) prior to the diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia. The median absolute CD4 count from the 9 patients with evaluable counts was 77 cells/μL (range, 9–544); only one patient had a count > 200/μL.RESULTSTwelve patients (92%) achieved a complete remission (CR) and one achieved a partial response (PR). Eight patients continued in CR after a median of 31 months (range, 7–45) at the time of writing. Five patients were alive and in CR over two years later. The median survival was 12 months, with 48% of patients alive after 2 years. Six of seven patients who received HAART from the start of chemotherapy were alive and in CR after a median of 29 months (range, 7–45). The four patients who did not receive HAART died. The regimen was universally myelosuppressive, but the toxicity profiles, recoveries from myelosuppression, and incidences of infectious complications were similar to that of non‐HIV patients with Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia treated with the same regimen.CONCLUSIONSHyper‐CVAD is an effective regimen for patients with AIDS‐associated Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia, with acceptable toxicity. The combination of hyper‐CVAD and HAART is associated with long‐term survival in patients with the two diseases, which, until recently, were both considered invariably fatal and almost futile to treat medically. Cancer 2002;94:1492–9. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10365
Expression of UDP‐N‐acetyl‐α‐D‐galactosamine–polypeptide galNAc N‐acetylgalactosaminyl transferase‐3 in relation to differentiation and prognosis in patients with colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Shibao Kazunori , Izumi Hiroto , Nakayama Yoshifumi , Ohta Ryo , Nagata Naoki , Nomoto Minoru , Matsuo Ken‐ichi , Yamada Yuji , Kitazato Kenji , Itoh Hideaki , Kohno Kimitoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDTumor development usually is accompanied by alterations of O‐glycosylation. Initial glycosylation of mucin‐type, O‐linked proteins is catalyzed by one of the UDP‐GalNAc–polypeptide N‐acetyl‐galactosaminyl transferases, such as GalNAc‐T3, which is expressed in adenocarcinoma cells. The authors investigated whether such expression influenced tumor differentiation or prognosis in patients with colorectal carcinoma.METHODSThe expression of GalNAc‐T3 was evaluated immunohistochemically in 106 paraffin embedded samples from surgically resected colorectal carcinomas and was related to patient and tumor characteristics. Western blot analysis was performed on seven samples of frozen tissue.RESULTSStrong tumor expression of GalNAc‐T3 predicted 5‐year survival in patients with colorectal carcinoma (67.2% vs. 43.6% for weak expression;P= 0.017). GalNAc‐T3 expression was not associated with age, gender, tumor size, tumor location, or disease stage but was related to histologic differentiation (P= 0.049) and depth of invasion (P= 0.031). Univariate analysis showed that strong GalNAc‐T3 expression significantly enhanced the likelihood of survival. Multivariate Cox survival analysis identified enzyme expression as an independent prognostic factor that was second only to TNM stage.CONCLUSIONSGalNAc‐T3 expression is a novel and useful indicator of tumor differentiation, disease aggressiveness, and prognosis in patients with colorectal carcinoma. Cancer 2002;94:1939–46. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10423
Fertility‐preserving treatment in young patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Chen‐Bin , Wang Chin‐Jung , Huang Huei‐Jean , Hsueh Swei , Chou Hung‐Hsueh , Soong Yung‐Kuei , Lai Chyong‐Huey 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDHormone therapy alone for early‐stage, low‐grade endometrial carcinoma arising in young women has been reported occasionally in case reports or small series. However, a comprehensive guideline for selection, treatment, and follow‐up is not available as yet.METHODSIn the current study, the authors' evaluated the outcome of a cohort of young women with clinically diagnosed endometrial adenocarcinoma Stage IA, Grade 1 who were selected for fertility‐preserving treatment by stringent staging procedures and treated in a standard protocol using combinations of megestrol acetate, tamoxifen, and gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analog (GnRHa).RESULTSNine eligible patients were treated between 1991 and 1999. The median age of the patients was 32 years (range, 30–39 years). Of the 9 patients, 8 (88.9%) achieved complete remission after hormone therapy. Four patients had ever conceived (two patients had three term pregnancies and underwent consolidation hysterectomy after completion of family planning). Only one patient underwent hysterectomy for failure to respond, whose tumor was estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PgR) positive by immunostaining but negative by ligand‐binding method. Another patient, whose tumor was ER negative/PgR positive, had residual carcinoma on the first assessment and achieved complete remission after replacement of tamoxifen with a GnRHa. Four responders later developed recurrent endometrial carcinoma. One underwent immediate hysterectomy. Two were successfully re‐treated with hormone therapy, but the other did not respond and underwent hysterectomy. All nine patients have been alive without evidence of disease 25–113 (median, 69) months from initial diagnosis.CONCLUSIONSThe treatment strategy described in the current study is feasible. A larger multicenter trial of fertility‐preserving treatment is warranted for nulliparous young patients with well selected Stage I, Grade 1, endometrial adenocarcinoma. Cancer 2002;94:2192–8. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10435