bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The employment relationships of foreign workers versus local employees: a field study of organizational justice, job satisfaction, performance, and OCB
Authors: Ang Soon , Van Dyne Linn , Begley Thomas M. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractForeign workers seek overseas employment without sponsorship from a firm in their home country and hold temporary work visas in the host country. Despite the rising numbers of foreign workers, there is very little research that examines employment relationships and work behaviors of foreign workers. In this study, we draw on social exchange theory and predict differences in work perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors of foreign versus local employees based on differences in their exchange relationships. We then draw on social comparison theories and propose that these differences in perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors will be accentuated for workers in jobs with high task interdependence. We examined these hypotheses in a field study of 466 ethnic Chinese employees (213 foreign workers from the People's Republic of China and 253 local workers in Singapore with ongoing employment status). Results demonstrate lower distributive justice judgments, performance, and organizational citizenship for foreign versus local employees. Furthermore, results demonstrate that differences in distributive and procedural justice, performance, and organizational citizenship were heightened by task interdependence. We discuss findings and the implications of employing foreign workers. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceived organizational membership: an aggregate framework representing the employee–organization relationship
Authors: Masterson Suzanne S. , Stamper Christina L. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractOrganizational scholars have examined the relational ties between employees and organizations, often focusing on specific facets of the relationship. However, this approach has not generated an overall representation of the employee–organization relationship, nor has it facilitated the identification of interrelationships among the concepts. This paper seeks to address these two issues by developing an integrative framework labeled perceived organizational membership. Perceived organizational membership is proposed to be an aggregate multidimensional construct reflecting employees' perceptions of their relationship with their employing organization, and its three underlying dimensions (need fulfillment, mattering, and belonging) offer a framework for categorizing and understanding relational tie concepts, both separately and in combination with one another. Drawing from the community psychology literature (McMillan & Chavis, 1986) as well as Graham's (1991) early work on organizational citizenship, we identify perceived organizational membership's underlying motives and the mechanisms through which they influence the construct, demonstrate how specific relational tie subdimensions fit with the more general construct, and develop propositions regarding relationships among the dimensions and the specific relational tie subdimensions. Finally, we discuss the benefits of the framework, including its ability to allow researchers to better understand both specific relational tie concepts as well as the overall employee–organization relationship. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychological contract development during organizational socialization: adaptation to reality and the role of reciprocity
Authors: De Vos Ans , Buyens Dirk , Schalk René 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBased on the theoretical framework of newcomer sensemaking this study examines factors associated with changes in newcomers' psychological contract perceptions during the socialization process. More specifically, two mechanisms are addressed that could explain changes in newcomers' perceptions of the promises they have exchanged with their employer: (1) unilateral adaptation of perceived promises to reality and (2) adaptation of perceived promises as a function of the reciprocity norm. To test our hypotheses, a four‐wave longitudinal study among 333 new hires has been conducted, covering the first year of their employment relationship. Results show that changes in newcomers' perceptions of the promises they have made to their employer are affected by their perceptions of their own contributions as well as by their perceptions of inducements received from their employer. Changes in newcomers' perceptions of employer promises are affected by their perceptions of employer inducements received, but the impact of perceived employee contributions is less clear. The data provide limited support for the idea that the adaptation of perceived promises to perceived inducements and contributions occurs to a stronger extent during the encounter stage than during the acquisition stage of socialization. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of psychological contract breach and organizational cynicism: not all social exchange violations are created equal
Authors: Johnson Jonathan L. , O'Leary‐Kelly Anne M. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThis research explored the differential effects on employees of two types of social exchange violations: those that generate perceptions of psychological contract breach and of organizational cynicism. We predicted that psychological contract breach and cynicism would result in differential outcomes because of differences in the person specificity of their underlying social exchange relationships. Using a sample of bank employees, we found that cynicism partially mediated the effects of psychological contract breach on work‐related attitudes (organizational commitment, job satisfaction), but that only psychological contract breach (not cynicism) predicted employees' behavioral responses (performance, absenteeism). Further, affective cynicism fully mediated the relationship between psychological contract breach and emotional exhaustion, suggesting that cynical attitudes have negative consequences for the attitude holder. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The dual commitments of contingent workers: an examination of contingents' commitment to the agency and the organization
Authors: Liden Robert C. , Wayne Sandy J. , Kraimer Maria L. , Sparrowe Raymond T. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA model based on social exchange theory was developed to examine antecedents and consequences of contingent workers' commitment to their agencies and their client companies. In terms of antecedents, it was hypothesized that organization (client) procedural justice would be positively related to perceived organizational support (client), which in turn would be positively related to commitment to the client organization. Similarly, we proposed that agency procedural justice would be positively related to perceived agency support, which in turn would be positively related to commitment to the agency. Regarding the consequences, client organization commitment was hypothesized to be positively related to managerial ratings of contingents' altruistic organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) and managers' perceptions of contingents' commitment to the client company. Finally, whether agency commitment ‘spills over’ to influence managers' perceptions of contingents' commitment to the client organization was examined. Using a sample of 98 contingent workers with matched data from their managers at the client organization and structural equation modeling analyses, we found support for all of the hypothesized relationships. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceived organizational support and psychological contracts: a theoretical integration
Authors: Aselage Justin , Eisenberger Robert 
Published: August 2003

AbstractAlthough organizational support theory and psychological contract theory both stress social exchange processes in the establishment and maintenance of the employee–employer relationship, they have focused on different aspects of this relationship. We suggest that, far from being independent, the different parts of the employee–employer association considered by the two theories are mutually interdependent. Further, key processes identified by each theory influence the relationships described by the other theory. To further the understanding of the employee–employer relationship, we provide an integrated account that emphasizes the interdependence of perceived organizational support and the psychological contract. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Empirical study of traffic trunking in Linux‐based MPLS test‐bed
Authors: Rosenbaum G. , Jha S. , Hassan M. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe thrust of this study is to construct an MPLS test‐bed using open hardware and software and later use this test‐bed for experimenting with various traffic engineering options available with MPLS. We have constructed a test‐bed using Pentium PCs and Linux and used this test‐bed to try a well‐known MPLS traffic engineering feature of separating flows into multiple trunks. The purpose of this separation is to experimentally assess the quality of service benefits we can expect from MPLS networks. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &Sons, Ltd.
The neurotoxic effect of iron on pyramidal cell number in rat hippocampus: a stereological study
Authors: Bostanci M. Ömer , Bagirici Faruk , Korkmaz Adnan 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThere have been numerous studies of neuronal hyperactivity and oxidative stress induced by iron. Moreover, it has been found that iron levels in the brain are markedly increased in some neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). We attempted to identify the toxic effect of iron on the hippocampus, a region of the brain known to be involved in learning and memory processes and which lends itself to stereological analysis. Rats were given iron chloride (FeCl35H2O), 200 mM in 2.5 μl) intracortically and were killed 10 days later. The total number of neurons in the hippocampus of control and iron‐treated rats was counted with an optical fractionator. Iron administration caused a significant decrease in the total number of pyramidal neurons in the left (31.6% decrease) and right (32.2% decrease) hippocampi (p<0.001). The findings suggest that excess iron contributes to pyramidal cell death in the rat hippocampus.
L‐arginine potentiates monosynaptic and polysnaptic spinal reflexes
Authors: Tasci Niyazi , Ankarali Seyit , Demir Şerif , Canan Sinan , Marangoz Cafer 
Published: August 2003

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is long been known to play a major role in a wide range of physiological functions as a neural messenger and a neurotransmitter.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of NO precursor L‐arginine on monosynaptic and polysnaptic spinal reflexes in anaesthetized and spinalized cats. A polyethylene cannula was placed into the right carotid artery in order to monitor blood pressure and a blood‐pressure‐clamp was applied between 90–110 mmHg. After a dorsal laminectomy between L5 and S1, monosynaptic and polysnaptic spinal reflexes were evoked by electrical stimulation of gastrocnemius nerves. Following control recordings, administration of NO precursor, L‐arginine in 500 μM, 1, 2, 5 mM (local) and 50, 100, 200, 500 mg/kg (i.v.) does significantly increased the monosynaptic and polysnaptic reflex amplitude in a dose dependent manner. L‐arginine appears to be more effective on polysnaptic reflexes than on monosynaptic reflexes. D‐arginine, an ineffective enantiomer of L‐ariginine was also tested as a control substance against L‐arginine and it has no effects on the monosynaptic and polysnaptic reflexes.These results suggest that L‐arginine may play an excitatory role in modulation of spinal reflexes and this role may be mediated by NO in the cat spinal cord.
Possible involvement of nitric oxide in the modulation of photolytic flash‐induced intercellular calcium waves in cultured astrocytes
Authors: Kawahara Koichi , Iwabuchi Sadahiro 
Published: August 2003

AbstractWaves of elevated intracellular free calcium that propagate between neighboring astrocytes are important for the intercellular communication between astrocytes as well as between neurons and astrocytes. In this study, intercellular calcium waves were evoked by focal photolysis of a caged calcium inophore in cultured astrocytes. The focal photolysis of the caged compound resulted in an increase of intracellular calcium in the flashed cells, and this increase then propagated to neighboring astrocytes. The evoked calcium increase was inhibited by incubating cells with an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase as well as with a scavenger of nitric oxide (NO). In addition, treatment of cultures with an NO donor resulted in the marked enhancement of the photolytic flash‐induced calcium rise in astrocytes. This enhancement was reversed by treatment with inhibitors of soluble guanylyl cyclase as well as of protein kinase G.
Computer‐aided design of new organic transformations: exposition of the ARGENT‐1 program
Authors: Molchanova Marina S. , Tratch Serge S. , Zefirov Nikolai S. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe principles and distinctive features of ARGENT, a new software series aimed at a systematic search for novel types of organic interconversions, are described; its advantages in comparison with other reaction design programs are mentioned. The selection criteria used at different stages of the generation process are considered. Several interesting reactions proposed using ARGENT‐1, the first program of the ARGENT series, are discussed. Prospects for the further development of ARGENT are outlined. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A theoretical study of (old and new) non‐classical carbocations derived from cyclic saturated hydrocarbons
Authors: Alkorta Ibon , Abboud José Luis M. , Quintanilla Esther , Dávalos Juan Z. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractNine non‐classical carbocations derived from cyclic saturated hydrocarbons were studied by means ofab initiocalculation, MP2/6–311G**. The geometry, energetics, orbital interactions within the Natural Bond Orbital formalism, electron density and chemical shieldings were obtained and analyzed. In all cases a similar geometrical distribution (‘non‐classical moiety,’ NCM) was obtained with the carbon atoms located in a triangle with two of their sides of 1.84 Å and the third of 1.40 Å. The energetic stability of the carbocations was rationalized on the basis of the strain in the rings involved. The NBO analysis shows that the charge is largely distributed over the three centers and also the existence of a two‐electron, three‐center orbital with similar contribution of the three atoms. Electron density maps were obtained and analyzed. In all cases, the chemical shieldings of the CH2group of the NCM are in the region of saturated hydrocarbons whereas those for the CH group are similar to those found in double‐bonded systems. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidative N‐debenzylation of N‐benzyl‐N‐substituted benzylamines catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase
Authors: Kim Sung Soo , Jung Hwan Kyu 
Published: August 2003

AbstractN‐Benzyl‐N‐substituted benzylamines and compound I of horseradish peroxidase engender electron transfer yielding the corresponding nitrogen radical cation 1, which is simultaneously converted into 2 and 3. Subsequently, expulsion of proton and hydroxylation yielding α‐hydroxylamines are followed by the formation of benzaldehydes and benzylamines. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiasthmatic activity of the methanol extract of leaves of Passiﬂora incarnata
Authors: Dhawan Kamaldeep , Kumar Suresh , Sharma Anupam 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe methanol extract of the leaves of P. incarnata was evaluated for its antiasthmatic effects against acetylcholine chloride (Ach)‐induced‐bronchospasm in guinea‐pigs at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. Using a 7‐day treatment regimen, signiﬁcant prevention of dyspnoea‐related‐convulsions was noted in the animals treated with a 100 mg/kg dose of this extract. No preventive effect was exhibited by the 50 mg/kg dose and at a higher dose, i.e. 200 mg/kg, the preventive effects against Ach‐chloride‐induced‐dyspnoea were also reduced. This may be due to defective alpha‐adrenoceptor function reported after excessive or continuous administration of an alpha‐receptor agonist. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of sesquiterpene lactone fraction of Saussurea lappa on transudative, exudative and proliferative phases of inﬂammation
Authors: Damre A. A , Damre A. S. , Saraf M. N. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe sesquiterpene lactone fraction of Saussurea lappa roots was evaluated for its effect on the transudative, exudative and proliferative phases of inﬂammation using the cotton pellet granuloma assay in rats. The fraction (25–100 mg/kg, p.o.) showed signiﬁcant dose‐dependent inhibition of the increase in wet weight of the cotton pellet at 3 h (transudative phase), leakage of dye from the bloodstream around granuloma at 24 h (exudative phase) and increase in dry weight of the cotton pellet on day 6 (proliferative phase). It signiﬁcantly lowered the elevated biochemical parameters such as alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase and signiﬁcantly elevated the lowered albumin concentration in serum. The studies suggest that the antiinﬂammatory activity of the sesquiterpene lactone fraction of S. lappa may, in part, be due to stabilization of lysosomal membranes and an antiproliferative effect. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant activity of Cinnamomum cassia
Authors: Lin Chun‐Ching , Wu Sue‐Jing , Chang Cheng‐Hsiung , Ng Lean‐Teik 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe antioxidant activities of hot water extracts (HWECC) and ethanol extracts (EECC) from the dry bark of Cinnamomum cassia Presl were evaluated in this study. Results showed that at 1.0 mg/mL, the ethanol extracts of C. cassia (96.30%) exhibited a greater inhibition than the α‐tocopherol (93.74%) on FeCl2‐ascorbic acid induced lipid peroxidation of rat liver homogenate in vitro. From 0.05 to 1.0 mg/mL, the EECC demonstrated the highest superoxide anions scavenging activity and the strongest anti‐superoxide formation activity (p < 0.05). The same extract also showed an excellent antioxidant activity in enzymatic and nonenzymatic liver tissue oxidative systems. EECC revealed the strongest antioxidant activity followed by α‐tocopherol and HWECC. Compared to α‐tocopherol, the IC50 values of EECC were found to be lower in thiobarbituric acid test (IC50 = 0.24 mg/mL vs 0.37 mg/mL), in cytochrome c test (IC50 = 0.16 mg/mL vs 0.27 mg/mL) and in xanthine oxidase inhibition test (IC50 = 0.09 mg/mL vs 0.19 mg/mL). The present study concludes that EECC could be used as a good source of antioxidant in the dietary supplement. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inﬂuence of ethyl acetate extract and quercetin‐3‐methyl ether from Polygonum amphibium on activation lymphocytes from peripheral blood of healthy donor in vitro
Authors: Smolarz H. D. , Surdacka A. , Roliński J. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe inﬂuence of an ethyl acetate extract from Polygonum amphibium L. and quercetin‐3‐methyl ether isolated from them were examined on the human immune system. The investigations were made on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors. The cells were stimulated by plant extract and quercetin‐3‐methyl ether in 24 h culture and analysed in ﬂow cytometry. The following mice monoclonal antibody anti human activate markers were used: anti HLA‐DR PE, anti CD25 FITC, anti CD69 FITC and anti CD71 FITC. The level of Interleukine‐2 in blood serum and in culture supernatants was measured by ELISA method. Ethyl acetate extract from Polygonum amphibium caused the rise in the number of CD25 and HLA‐DR positive lymphocytes and increased the expression of CD25 and CD71 antigens. The level of IL‐2 was increasing for the duration of the culture, independently from the presence of stimulators. Besides quercetin‐3‐methyl ether, from herb of Polygonum amphibium L., trans‐taxifolin, quercetin and kaempferol were isolated The structure of the isolated compounds was determined by spectroscopic (UV, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and CI‐MS) methods. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antimicrobial activity of terpenoids from Trichodesma amplexicaule Roth.
Authors: Singh B. , Singh S. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractT. amplexicaule Roth. has been investigated phytochemically for biologically active constituents from the benzene extract. This yielded a mixture of terpenoids: β‐sitosterol, α‐amyrin, lupeol, hexacosanoic acid, ceryl alcohol and hexacosane. The sequential extracts, isolated terpenoids and reference antibiotics were screened for their possible bioactivities against selected pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and fungi, Aspergillus ﬂavus and Penicillium chrysogenum etc. Out of the sequential extracts, the benzene extract was more potent against S. aureus (IZ = 10.36) and R. phaseoli (IZ = 10.69). The inhibition zones of isolated terpenoids were also recorded and the activity index was calculated and it was found that hexacosane was more active (IZ = 13.39) against E. coli and hexacosanoic acid had greater activity against A. ﬂavus (IZ = 11.56). The present study deals with antimicrobial screening of sequential extracts and isolated terpenoids. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of some traditional plant extracts on rat oestrous cycle compared with Clomid
Authors: Benie T. , Duval J. , Thieulant M.‐L. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractIt is well known that the plant kingdom contains numerous bioactive substances affecting the regulation of reproduction. The present study was undertaken to examine the putative contraceptive effects of three tradi‐ tional plant extracts from Côte d'Ivoire Pharmacopea. It concerns Afrormosia laxiflora (Papilionacea), Pterocarpus erinaceus (Papilionacea) and Cola nitida (Sterculiacea) stem bark. Data showed that treatment of rats with these plant extracts induced ovulation and oestrous cycle blockade at the dioestrous II stage. The analysis of the principal hormones involved in oestrous cycle regulation showed that the plant extracts decreased gonadotropin release (both LH and FSH). In fact, A. laxiflora, P. erinaceus and C. nitida extracts inhibited gonadotropin release as an antiestrogen‐like substance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.