bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Neural Network Language Models Predict Human Brain Responses to Language Even After a Developmentally Realistic Amount of Training
Authors: Hosseini Eghbal A. , Schrimpf Martin , Zhang Yian , Bowman Samuel , Zaslavsky Noga , Fedorenko Evelina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Artificial neural networks have emerged as computationally plausible models of human language processing. A major criticism of these models is that the amount of training data they receive far exceeds that of humans during language learning. Here, we use two complementary approaches to ask how the models’ ability to capture human fMRI responses to sentences is affected by the amount of training data. First, we evaluate GPT-2 models trained on 1 million, 10 million, 100 million, or 1 billion words against an fMRI benchmark. We consider the 100-million-word model to be developmentally plausible in terms of the amount of training data given that this amount is similar to what children are estimated to be exposed to during the first 10 years of life. Second, we test the performance of a GPT-2 model trained on a 9-billion-token dataset to reach state-of-the-art next-word prediction performance on the human benchmark at different stages during training. Across both approaches, we find that (i) the models trained on a developmentally plausible amount of data already achieve near-maximal performance in capturing fMRI responses to sentences. Further, (ii) lower perplexity—a measure of next-word prediction performance—is associated with stronger alignment with human data, suggesting that models that have received enough training to achieve sufficiently high next-word prediction performance also acquire representations of sentences that are predictive of human fMRI responses. In tandem, these findings establish that although some training is necessary for the models’ predictive ability, a developmentally realistic amount of training (∼100 million words) may suffice.
Does the Operation of a Reservoir Alter Its Interactions with the Atmosphere? Investigating the Role of Advective Fluxes on Energy and Hydrological Balances of the Romaine-2 Subarctic Hydropower Reservoir
Authors: Pierre Adrien , Nadeau Daniel F. , Thiboult Antoine , Rousseau Alain N. , Anctil François , Deblois Charles P. , Demarty Maud , Isabelle Pierre-Erik , Tremblay Alain 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The hydrological processes of cascading hydroelectric reservoirs differ from those of lakes, due to the importance of the inflows and outflows that vary with energy demand. These heat and water advection terms are rarely considered in water body energy balance analyses even though reservoirs are common man-made structures, especially in North America, and thus may affect the regional climate. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the water and energy balance of the 85-km2 Romaine-2 northern reservoir (50.69°N, 63.24°W), mean depth of 44 m, highlighting the significant contribution of the advection heat fluxes. The water balance input was primarily controlled by upstream (turbine) inflows (77.6%), while lateral (natural) inflows and direct precipitation represented 21.2% and 1.2%, respectively. As for the reservoir’s heat budget, the net advection of heat accounted on average for 25.0% of the input, of which net radiation was the largest component (73.3%). After accounting for the absence of energy balance closure, latent heat and sensible heat fluxes represented 73.2% and 25.1% of total energy output from the reservoir, respectively. The thermal regime was influenced by the hydrological flow conditions, which were regulated by reservoir management. This played a major role in the evolution of the thermocline and the temperature of the epilimnion, and ultimately, in the dynamics of the turbulent heat fluxes. This study suggests that the heat advection term represents a large fraction of the heat budget of northern reservoirs and should be properly considered.
Consensus recommendations on the management of toxicity associated with CD3×CD20 bispecific antibody therapy
Authors: Crombie Jennifer L. , Graff Tara , Falchi Lorenzo , Karimi Yasmin H. , Bannerji Rajat , Nastoupil Loretta , Thieblemont Catherine , Ursu Renata , Bartlett Nancy , Nachar Victoria , Weiss Jonathan , Osterson Jane , Patel Krish , Brody Joshua , Abramson Jeremy S. , Lunning Matthew , Shah Nirav N. , Ayed Ayed , Kamdar Manali , Parsons Benjamin , Caimi Paolo , Flinn Ian , Herrera Alex , Sharman Jeffrey , McKenna Marshall , Armand Philippe , Kahl Brad , Smith Sonali , Zelenetz Andrew , Budde Lihua Elizabeth , Hutchings Martin , Phillips Tycel , Dickinson Michael 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (BsAb) that target CD3 and CD20 represent a new milestone in the treatment of patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. These drugs have demonstrated remarkable single-agent activity in patients with heavily pretreated disease, and 3 drugs have so far received regulatory approvals in various countries. However, BsAbs can potentially lead to severe toxicity associated with T-cell activation, particularly cytokine release syndrome (CRS). The anticipated widespread use of these off-the-shelf products poses challenges for implementation and highlights the need for guidance in anticipating, mitigating, and managing adverse events. In clinical trials, guidance for the evaluation and treatment of CRS and neurotoxicity associated with BsAb therapy has been modeled after algorithms originally created for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies and other immune effector therapies, yet notable differences in timing, quality, and severity exist between the toxicities of BsAbs and CAR T-cell therapies. We therefore convened an international panel of academic and community practice physicians, advanced practitioners, registered nurses, and pharmacists with experience using CD3×CD20 BsAbs in clinical trial and off-trial settings to provide comprehensive, consensus-based recommendations specific to the assessment and management of CD3×CD20 BsAb–related toxicities.
Development of prehospital emergency care in Singapore
Authors: Nadarajan Gayathri Devi , Jalil Nurul Asyikin Binte Mohamed , White Alexander Elgin , Hock Marcus Ong Eng , Venkataraman Anantharaman 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis review paper describes the development of the pre-hospital system in Singapore from the pre-war days. Every country’s prehospital community needs a deep understanding of how they developed over the years, factors that played a part, and the aspirations their community and government have set for this. This can guide future evolution of the services to ensure that care provided is relevant, applicable and in keeping with the community’s needs. Countries with similar contextual circumstances, but at a different stage of development of their PECs, may learn from these.
Chromosome-level genome provides insight into the evolution and conservation of the threatened goral (Naemorhedus goral)
Authors: Sun Nan , Ma Xiao-Ying , Shi Guang-Hong , Yang Xiao-Hong , Li Wei , Feng Chen-Guang , Mi Da , Li Guo-Gang , Lu Ji-Qi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Gorals Naemorhedus resemble both goats and antelopes, which prompts much debate about the intragenus species delimitation and phylogenetic status of the genus Naemorhedus within the subfamily Caprinae. Their evolution is believed to be linked to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). To better understand its phylogenetics, the genetic information is worth being resolved.

Results
Based on a sample from the eastern margin of QTP, we constructed the first reference genome for Himalayan goral Naemorhedus goral, using PacBio long-read sequencing and Hi-C technology. The 2.59 Gb assembled genome had a contig N50 of 3.70 Mb and scaffold N50 of 106.66 Mb, which anchored onto 28 pseudo chromosomes. A total of 20,145 protein-coding genes were predicted in the assembled genome, of which 99.93% were functionally annotated. Phylogenetically, the goral was closely related to muskox on the mitochondrial genome level and nested into the takin-muskox clade on the genome tree, rather than other so-called goat-antelopes. The cladogenetic event among muskox, takin and goral occurred sequentially during the late Miocene (~ 11 − 5 Mya), when the QTP experienced a third dramatic uplift with consequent profound changes in climate and environment. Several chromosome fusions and translocations were observed between goral and takin/muskox. The expanded gene families in the goral genome were mainly related to the metabolism of drugs and diseases, so as the positive selected genes. The Ne of goral continued to decrease since ~ 1 Mya during the Pleistocene with active glaciations.

Conclusion
The high-quality goral genome provides insights into the evolution and valuable information for the conservation of this threatened group.
Epidemiology of group A rotavirus in children under five years of age with gastroenteritis in N’Djamena, Chad
Authors: Djikoloum Bertrand , Abakar Mahamat Fayiz , Ndze Valentine Ngum , Nkandi Rahinatou Ghapoutsa , Enjeh Carine Ngah , Kimala Pidou , Assam Jean Paul Assam , BODA Maurice 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Group A Rotaviruses (RVA) is one of the most common causes of severe diarrhoea in infants and children under 5 years of age. Unlike many countries in the world where RVA surveillance/control is active, in Chad , there is currently no applied RVA immunization program and surveillance strategy. The present study aims to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of RVA gastroenteritis among children under five years of age in N’Djamena.

Method
This study comprised two parts: (1) A cross-sectional study carried in four hospitals in N’Djamena between August and November 2019, to determine infection risk factors and evidence of RVA infection among children aged five and below, consulted or hospitalized for diarrhea. An ELISA based RVA VP6 protein detection was used to determine RVA infection prevalence. Infection results and sociodemographic data were statistically analysed to determine RVA infection risk factors. (2) A retrospective study that consisted of analysing the records of stool examinations of the period from January 2016 to December 2018, to determine the prevalence of infectious gastroenteritis among the target population.

Results
For the cross-sectional study, RVA infection prevalence was 12.76% (18/141) with males (61.11%) being more affected (sex ratio: 1.57). Children below 12 months were the most affected age group (44.44%) and 44.4% were malnourished. The mean Vesikari score shows that 38.8% of children have a high severity level and 41.1% have a moderate level. For the retrospective study, 2,592 cases of gastroenteritis hospitalization were analysed; 980 out of 2,592 cases (37.81%) of hospitalization due to diarrhoea were due to diarrhoeagenic pathogens including Emtamoeba hystolitica, Gardia lamblia, Trichomonas hominis, Hymenolepis nana, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella oxytoca. Cases of diarrhoea with negative pathogen search were 1,612 cases (62.19%). The diarrhoea peak was observed during the dry seasons, and the age group under 11 months was the most affected was (57.3%).

Conclusion
This study describes the evidence of RVA infection among diarrhoeic children below five years of age in N’Djamena, thus indicates a serious health burden. Malnourishment younger age was the higher risk factor. Further studies are needed to determine the circulating strains prior to considering introduction of RVA vaccine and setup a routine rotavirus surveillance in Chad.
Trend analysis and prediction of gonorrhea in mainland China based on a hybrid time series model
Authors: Wang Zhende , Wang Yongbin , Zhang Shengkui , Wang Suzhen , Xu Zhen , Feng ZiJian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Gonorrhea has long been a serious public health problem in mainland China that requires attention, modeling to describe and predict its prevalence patterns can help the government to develop more scientific interventions.

Methods
Time series (TS) data of the gonorrhea incidence in China from January 2004 to August 2022 were collected, with the incidence data from September 2021 to August 2022 as the validation. The seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model, long short-term memory network (LSTM) model, and hybrid SARIMA-LSTM model were used to simulate the data respectively, the model performance were evaluated by calculating the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) of the training and validation sets of the models.

Results
The Seasonal components after data decomposition showed an approximate bimodal distribution with a period of 12 months. The three models identified were SARIMA(1,1,1) (2,1,2)12, LSTM with 150 hidden units, and SARIMA-LSTM with 150 hidden units, the SARIMA-LSTM model fitted best in the training and validation sets, for the smallest MAPE, RMSE, and MPE.

Conclusions
The overall incidence trend of gonorrhea in mainland China has been on the decline since 2004, with some periods exhibiting an upward trend. The incidence of gonorrhea displays a seasonal distribution, typically peaking in July and December each year. The SARIMA model, LSTM model, and SARIMA-LSTM model can all fit the monthly incidence time series data of gonorrhea in mainland China. However, in terms of predictive performance, the SARIMA-LSTM model outperforms the SARIMA and LSTM models, with the LSTM model surpassing the SARIMA model. This suggests that the SARIMA-LSTM model can serve as a preferred tool for time series analysis, providing evidence for the government to predict trends in gonorrhea incidence. The model's predictions indicate that the incidence of gonorrhea in mainland China will remain at a high level in 2024, necessitating that policymakers implement public health measures in advance to prevent the spread of the disease.
Rickettsia conorii subsp. israelensis infection in a pediatric patient presenting skin rash and abdominal pain: a case report from Southeast Iran
Authors: Hosseininasab Ali , MoradKasani Safoura , Mostafavi Ehsan , Baseri Neda , Sadeghi Maryam , Esmaeili Saber 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The healthcare system in Iran appears to overlook Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) as an endemic disease, particularly in pediatric cases, indicating the need for greater attention and awareness.

Case presentation
A six-year-old patient with fever, abdominal pain, headache, skin rashes, diarrhea, vomiting, and black eschar (tache noire) from southeast Iran was identified as a rickettsiosis caused by Rickettsia conorii subsp. israelensis through clinical and laboratory assessments, including IFA and real-time PCR. The patient was successfully treated with doxycycline.

Conclusions
Symptoms like rash, edema, eschar, and abdominal pain may indicate the possibility of MSF during the assessment of acute febrile illness, IFA and real-time PCR are the primary diagnostic methods for this disease.
Comparative efficacy of sodium thiosulfate, bisphosphonates, and cinacalcet for the treatment of vascular calcification in patients with haemodialysis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: He Lei , Li Yuzhe , Jin Jingjing , Cheng Meijuan , Bai Yaling , Xu Jinsheng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Up to now, there is no unequivocal intervention to mitigate vascular calcification (VC) in patients with hemodialysis. This network meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of sodium thiosulfate, bisphosphonates, and cinacalcet in treating vascular calcification.

Methods
A comprehensive study search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE and China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of sodium thiosulfate, bisphosphonates, and cinacalcet for vascular calcification among hemodialysis patients. Then, network meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 17.0 software.

Results
In total, eleven RCTs including 1083 patients were qualified for this meta-analysis. We found that cinacalcet (SMD − 0.59; 95% CI [–0.95, -0.24]) had significant benefit on vascular calcification compared with conventional therapy, while sodium thiosulfate or bisphosphonates did not show such efficiency. Furthermore, as for ranking the efficacy assessment, cinacalcet possessed the highest surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value (88.5%) of lessening vascular calcification and was superior to sodium thiosulfate (50.4%) and bisphosphonates (55.4%). Thus, above results suggested that cinacalcet might be the most promising drug for vascular calcification treatment in hemodialysis patients. Mechanistically, our findings illustrated that cinacalcet reduced serum calcium (SMD − 1.20; 95% CI [–2.08, − 0.33]) and showed the tendency in maintaining the balance of intact Parathyroid Hormone (iPTH) level.

Conclusions
This network meta-analysis indicated that cinacalcet appear to be more effective than sodium thiosulfate and bisphosphonates in mitigating vascular calcification through decreasing serum calcium and iPTH. And cinacalcet might be a reasonable option for hemodialysis patients with VC in clinical practice.

Systematic Review Registration
[http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO], identifier [CRD42022379965].
Construction and validation of a prediction model for the risk of citrate accumulation in patients with hepatic insufficiency receiving continuous renal replacement therapy with citrate anticoagulation
Authors: Hong Quxia , Chen Siyu , He Yongchun , Chen Jianghua , Zhang Ping 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
To construct and validate a prediction model of the risk of citrate accumulation in patients with hepatic dysfunction receiving continuous renal replacement therapy with regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA-CRRT), which reduces the risk of citrate accumulation.

Methods
All patients who received RCA-CRRT from 2021 to 2022 and were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University were considered for study participation. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for citrate accumulation, based on which a nomogram model was constructed and validated in the validation group.

Results
Six factors were finally identified, from which a nomogram was created to predict the risk of citrate accumulation. The area under the curve of the prediction model was 0.814 in the training group and 0.819 in the validation group, and the model showed acceptable agreement between the actual and predicted probabilities. Decision curve analysis also demonstrated that the model was clinically useful.

Conclusions
The model constructed from six factors reliably predicted the risk of citrate accumulation in patients with hepatic insufficiency who received RCA-CRRT.
Sequential gene expression analysis of myelodysplastic syndrome transformation identifies HOXB3 and HOXB7 as the novel targets for mesenchymal cells in disease
Authors: Yin Chunlai , Li Yanqi , Zhang Cheng , Zang Shizhu , Wang Zilong , Yan Xue , Ma Tonghui , Li Xia , Li Weiping 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is known to arise through the pathogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) by interacting with hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). However, due to the strong heterogeneity of MDS patients, it is difficult to find common targets in studies with limited sample sizes. This study aimed to describe sequential molecular changes and identify biomarkers in MSC of MDS transformation.

Methods
Multidimensional data from three publicly available microarray and TCGA datasets were analyzed. MDS-MSC was further isolated and cultured in vitro to determine the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of the identified biomarkers.

Results
We demonstrated that normal MSCs presented greater molecular homogeneity than MDS-MSC. Biological process (embryonic skeletal system morphogenesis and angiogenesis) and pathways (p53 and MAPK) were enriched according to the differential gene expression. Furthermore, we identified HOXB3 and HOXB7 as potential causative genes gradually upregulated during the normal-MDS-AML transition. Blocking the HOXB3 and HOXB7 in MSCs could enhance the cell proliferation and differentiation, inhibit cell apoptosis and restore the function that supports hematopoietic differentiation in HSCs.

Conclusion
Our comprehensive study of gene expression profiling has identified dysregulated genes and biological processes in MSCs during MDS. HOXB3 and HOXB7 are proposed as novel surrogate targets for therapeutic and diagnostic applications in MDS.
Childhood glaucoma profile in a Southwestern Ethiopia tertiary care center: a retrospective study
Authors: Mulugeta Tarekegn , Gebremichael Guteta , Adugna Sufa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Childhood glaucoma is a major cause of childhood blindness worldwide. The profile of childhood glaucoma has not been well characterized in sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, this study was designed to describe demographics, clinical features, managements of childhood glaucoma, and improvements in visual acuity (VA) and intraocular pressure (IOP) from baseline to final visit.

Methods
This retrospective study included glaucoma patients below 18 years old who were diagnosed between September 2019 to August 2022. Childhood glaucoma diagnosis and classification was made as per the Childhood Glaucoma Research Network Classification (CGRN).

Results
A total of 105 children (181 eyes) were diagnosed with glaucoma. The most common type of childhood glaucoma was primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) constituting (42%, n = 76 eyes, 95% confidence interval (CI), 34.7–49.5%; P = 0.037), followed by glaucoma suspect (22.1%, n = 40 eyes, 95% CI, 16.3–28.9%; P < 0.001) and juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG) (15.5%, n = 28 eyes, 95% CI, 10.5–21.6%; P < 0.001). While the most common type of secondary glaucoma was steroid-induced glaucoma, followed by glaucoma following cataract surgery. Bilateral glaucoma was found in 72.4% (n = 76 children, 95% CI, 62.8–80.7%; P < 0.001) of children. In both primary and secondary glaucoma, boys were affected more than girls, in ratio of 2:1 and 2.7:1, respectively. The mean age at presentation for patients with PCG was 2.7 years. Close to 93.4% (71) of PCG eyes were managed surgically, of which majority underwent combined trabeculotomy and trabeculectomy (CTT). Most of secondary glaucoma cases were treated medically. Overall, 85.3% (111) of eyes had successful control of IOP ≤ 21 mmHg.

Conclusion
PCG was the most common type of childhood glaucoma. One of a well-recognized challenge in developing countries, late presentation of patients with PCG, was also observed in our study. Which highlights, the need of increasing access to eye-care service and awareness of childhood glaucoma as a major public health issue. Steroid-induced glaucoma was the most common type of secondary glaucoma; appropriate measures should be taken to prevent this preventable glaucoma.