bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zur Struktur von Bakteriophagen aus enzymproduzierenden Bacillus‐Kulturen
Authors: Grunow R. , Schönherr M. , Taubeneck U. , Zimmermann I. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAus Fermentationen mit Bacillus subtilis, die zum Zwecke der Synthese extrazellulä rer Enzyme angesetzt wurden, konnten verschiedentlich Bakteriophagen isoliert werden. Die auf Grund der Wirtsbereiche differierenden Einzelplaqueisolate wurden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die Partikel waren sehr verschieden in der Größe und in der morphologischen Struktur. Sie gehörten damit verschiedenen Gruppen von Bacillus‐Phagen an, die durch die Standardphagen SPO1, Ø29 und PBS1 reprä sentiert werden. Außerdem wurde ein Phage mit einem oktaedrischen Kopf gefunden. Aus einem enzymbildenden Bacillus‐Stamm konnten nach Infektion mit dem PBS1‐ä hnlichen Phagen PZ‐F Ghosts mit oktaedrischen Köpfen sowie nach Induktion mit Mitomycin C komplette und defektive Phagen freigesetzt werden.
Effect of trace elements and vitamins on the growth of Methanosarcina barkeri
Authors: Scherer P. , Sahm H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractGrowth of Methanosarcina barkeri on methanol as energy source was found to be dependent on cobalt and molybdenum. In the presence of 10−6 M Co and 5 × 10−7M Mo optimal growth occurred. Furthermore it could be demonstrated that nickel and selenium each in a concentration of 10−7 M stimulated the growth of this methanogenic bacterium while the following elements tested in the range of 10−7 M to 10−3 had no influence: B, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb. The requirement of Co and Ni for optimal growth are in accordance with the results that the cells contain the Co containing corrinoid Factor III (0.1 – 0.2 mg 5‐hydroxylbenzimidazolylcyanocobamide per g wet cells) and Factor F430, a nickel component. Studies on the vitamin dependency of M. barkeri showed that this strain needs only the vitamin riboflavin for the growth in a defined medium. Under these conditions a cell density of 2.6 g dry cells/l could be obtained in a fed batch culture.
Synthese und Eigenschaften von an DEAE‐Cellulose immobilisierter Aldehydoxydase aus Schweineleber
Authors: Kloossek P. , Kirchberger J. , Kurth J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAldehyde oxidase from pig liver was adsorptively bound to DEAE‐cellulose. The data of immobilization and the properties of the immobilized enzyme are reported. Its maximum half‐life is 36 days. The pH‐optimum is displaced toward lower pH‐values and independent from the substrates proved. Temperature optimum and substrate specifity, however, don't change during immobilization. Contrary to the soluble enzyme the aldehyde oxidase adsorbed to DEAE‐cellulose displays a two‐phase ARRHENIUS plot.
Das Autoselect‐System – ein Automatensystem zur Selektion von Antibiotikaproduzenten. IV. Achtfach‐Verdünnungsautomat
Authors: Schicht G. , Peissker M. , Steininger H. , Knöll H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAs a part of the Autoselect‐system an eightfold diluter is described. Cassettes with 64 tubes are placed on the carriage of the machine and moved automatically in eight steps. One of the cassettes is loaded with separated samples in 64 tubes and the other one with 64 empty tubes. When the carriage stops, a defined volume of samples is exhausted by eight pipettes, mounted on a bridge spanning over the ground unit from left to right, and after beeing moved to the second cassette the pipettes deliver the samples into a row of empty tubes. At the same time by eight syringes mounted on both sides of the machine a defined volume of buffer is delivered through tubes and canules. By this way all samples can be diluted in two minutes.
Erzeugung eines zellwandlytischen Enzymkomplexes aus Arthrobacter GJM‐I zur Herstellung von Protoplasten aus Candia spec. H
Authors: Häaussler O. , Wisniewski H.‐G , Röber B. , Reuter G. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractGrowing conditions have been found out for the bacterium Arthrobacter GJM‐I to produce a lytic enzyme system, which converts cells of the yeast Candida spec. H to protoplasts quickly and in a good yield. Estimating the activities of α‐mannanase and β‐glucanase we found out the optimal culture time to gain the lytic enzyme system from the culture filtrate. It was shown that radioactive labeling of the yeast cells makes it possible to estimate quantitatively the conversion to protoplasts and the simultaneous lysis. The obtained lytic enzyme system can substitute the snail cnzyme system which was used for cell conversion of Candida spec. H to protoplasts till now.
Immobilization of β‐glucosidase on an inorganic carrier
Authors: Lomako O. V. , Menyailova I. I. , Nakhapetian L. A. , Kozlovskaya L. I. , Rodionova N. A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe enzymatic hydrolysis of cellobiose, an important intermediate of the decomposition of cellulose containing materials, with immobilized β‐glucosidase preparations from Geotrichium candidum, Trichoderma lignorum and Aspergillus foetidus was examinedAt first it was the aim to prepare from differently purified samples with different specific cellobiase activities high active preparations on the basis of the inorganic carrier Silochrom S‐80. Characteristics e.g. thermal stability and temperature and pH optimum of immobilized preparations were compared with those of soluble preparationsKinetics of cellobiose hydrolysis by immobilized enzyme preparations were studied.
Extrazelluläre Lipase aus Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
Authors: Haferburg D. , Kleber H.‐P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractCell‐free growth liquor of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 69‐V contains an extracellular lipase. Its activity depends on growth phase and carbon source. During growth on acetate or succinate the activity ist low or zero, respectively. Growth on alkanes causes an increase in the extracellular lipase activity. Activity reaches maximum values during the exponential phase of growth which significantly decrease in the stationary phaseDuring the growth on alkanes some surfactants (Tauroglycocholate, Triton X‐405) stimulate the excretion of the enzyme and some other (Tween, Brij, Triton X‐100) inhibit the lipase and growth of cells, respectivelyAir‐water and alkane‐water interfaces inhibit the lipase activity. During starvation of the bacteria grown on alkanes lipase is excreted in the starvation medium.
Die Wirkung des chemischen Insektizids Fekamatribufon EC‐50 auf Pflanzenschutzpräparate auf basis bacillus thuringiensis
Authors: Iliewa Sw. , Stojanow Iw. , Welonow P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThere is treated the combined apply of chemical and biological plant protection preparations as well as their reciprocal effect. Purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of the chemical preparation Fekamatribufon EC‐50 (butylat‐0,0‐dimethyl‐II‐butyryloxy‐2,2,2‐trichlorethylester of phosphonic acid) on the spores of Bacillus thuringicnsis, var. dendrolimus and var. Berliner. The electronic‐microscopical investigations determine that the chemical insecticid Fekamatribufon EC‐50 accelerates the lysying of the spore structural elements of investigated Bacillus strains. The results of these investigations prove the incompatibility of the preparation Fekamatribufon EC‐50 in concentrations of 0.6–1.2% (Water solution) when it is combined with the microbial preparations Dendrobacillin and Türicid.The above mentioned results present that the combined apply of chemical in ecticids with microbial preparations as plant protection means have obligatory to be preseded bysexact determination of their reciprocal effect.
Gewinnung und Charakterisierung von Proteasen aus Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. VI. Mitt. Zur Herstellung eines Trockenpraparates im Labor‐ und kleintechnischen Mnßstab unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Öleinflusses
Authors: Leuchtenberger A. , Täufel A. , Ruttloff H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA dried proteolytic enzyme preparation “Thermitase” is produced of the cultural solution of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. The procedure comprises concentration, sedimentation, ethanol and sodiumsulfate precipitation and drying in laboratorial and semitechnical scale.The elimination of rape seed oil which impairs the salt sedimentation was specially taken into account. A certain sedimentation procedure using caoline or a aqueous solution of CaCl2 and Na2HPO4 or filtration was elaborated to eliminate the lipid components in the concentrated solution.The method is convenient to get good yields of the thermostable protease.
Möglichkeiten der Gewinnung von Koppelprodukten der mikrobiellen Eiweißsynthese auf der Basis von Kohlenwasserstoffen
Authors: Sattler K. , Wünsche L. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe mass production of SCP on the base of hydrocarbons opens the possibility to get a complex of further substances. It is distinguished between by‐products – belonging to essential nonprotein – structures of the growing cell and the so – called coupled products accumulating intra – or extracellularly by means of regulation. An important principle of SCP‐coupled synthesis of products is the use and the maintenance of proportionality between the growth rate and cell concentration of the producing cells and the accumulation of products. As examples are discussed: fermentation by yeasts and bacteria on the base of n‐alkanes, methane and methanol in connection with products as fatty acids, poly‐β‐hydroxybutyric acid, citric and gluconic acid.
Spezielle Aspekte der nichtsterilen Hefeproduktion auf der Basis von Kohlenwasserstoffen
Authors: Brendler W. , Bauch J. , Lübbert G. A. , Wünsche L. , Hedlich R. , Triems K. , Shdannikowa E. N. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSome aspects of the nonsteril yeast production are shown by a process with the alkane utilizing yeast Lodderomyces elongisporus D EH 15. Thereby an accompanying flora developes besides the yeast culture. The accompanying flora is using a lot of biogenic substances which are lysis products or extracellular metabolites. The dynamics of the development of the accompanying flora are shown, some remarks are made concerning the interactions between production strain and bacteria, the stability of the yeast strain and the recirculation of process water streams after the separation.
Monitoring Growth of Microorganisms using the Methods of Mass‐Energy Balance and Utilization of Computer on Line with Fermenter in Real Time Processing (in Russian)
Authors: Minkevich I. G. , Lysenko I. G. , Kuvshinikov W. D. , Eroshin W. D. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe effective means of microbial culture monitoring is the measurement of low‐inertial parameters (respiration rate, rates of supply of alkali for pH maintenance and the limiting substrate) and utilization of computer on line with fermenter for recalculation of these rates into the instant values of mass and energy cell yields, specific rates of cell growth and substrate and oxygen consumption, using the method of mass‐energy balance. In this paper, the equations of mass‐energy balance are presented both in general form and in the form of numerical algorythms for computer programming.The installation for automation of microbial cultivation experiment is described. Experimental data are presented which indicate the effectiveness of the method of indirect measurement of cell biomass yield and specific rates of physiological processes.
Vergleich von Messungen des kLa‐Wertes nach der stationären und der dynamischen Methode bei der Fermentation von L‐Lysin und Turimycin
Authors: Möckel H‐O. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe calculation and scale‐up of fermentation processes need kLa as one of the most important engineering data. There are two methods to determine kLa depending on power input, aeration rate and the properties of the fermentation broth: static with a balance between air supply and exit, dynamic gassing out with following the changes of dissolved oxygen concentration during periods of air off and a following air on.Within early intervals of fermentation time the data from both methods agree well, while for later time intervals the dynamic method always gives much lower values for kLa than static. The only explanations for this phenomenon are quick changes in the oxygen metabolism or an enzymatic storage of oxygen. For both gassing out and saturation period it is possible to calculate the same absolute amounts of this additional oxygen.
Lysis and “cryptic” growth in wastewater and sludge treatment processes
Authors: Hamer G. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe primary objectives in biological wastewater and sludge treatment processes are to procedure a minimum quantity of solid, stable residues and a maximum quantity of carbon dioxide from the organisms present in the process feeds. As far as minimizing solids production in activated sludge type processes is concerned, endogenous activity in the recycled biomass is usually considered to be the most important mechanism. However, increased understanding of the growth characteristics of mixed microbial cultures suggests that lysis and “cryptic” growth are probably dominant mechanisms. For pathogen destruction in treatment processes, death and subsequent lysis of pathogens are clearly events that must be promoted.Here, the kinetics for death, lysis and “cryptic” growth in aerobic wastewater treatment and aerobic sludge stabilization processes are examined.
Biodegradability of swine effluents I. Oxygen consumption
Authors: Oliveira J. S. , Costa M. L. , Rodrigues A. , Menezes J. G. A. , Pereira A. M. L. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPositive and negative effects of dilution of raw effluents from swine breeding are discussed, as to the treatability of those waste waters. Its effects on oxygen consumption and on the variation of inhibitory actions possibly observed, are studied and quantified. Using BRADENDER and VANDEPUTTE techniques based on peptone degradation, and determining PHELPS'S equation parameters for different consumption curves observed, the advantages of dilution versus treatment of raw effluents is studied.
Stereoselective hydrolysis of optically active isomeric isopulegyl acetates by rhodotorula mucilaginosa and bacillus sp.
Authors: Monkiewicz A. , Góra J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA method for isolation of optically pure l‐isopulegol from a mixture of its optically active isomers using the microorganisms Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Bacillus sp. is described.Microorganisms hydrolyzed l‐isopulegyl acetate (26–40%) and in a small degree d‐isopulegol acetate whereas the d‐neoisopulegol acetate remained non‐hydrolyzed.The optical purity of the chromatographie pure l‐isopulegol was 97.6%.
Wirkung von Ölen und Fettsäuren auf Wachstum und Enzymbildung bei Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. IV. Einfluß von Art und Menge des Öles sowie des Zeitpunktes der Ölzugabe
Authors: Leuchtenberger A. , Ruttloff H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe effect of different quantities and kinds of vegetable and animal oils and the importance of the time of the oil addition on growth and protease synthesis by T. vulgaris was investigated. The used oils stimulate the protease production if they are added in a suitable concentration. However, the stimulation effect of each oil is different. Culture inoculation with spores gives the best results, when oil was added to the medium 1 up to 2 hours after beginning of the fermentation. The enzyme activity is equal to or lower than the control, when the oil addition was carried out before or 3 hours after starting the fermentation.
The influence of carbon catabolism on the auxiliary substrate effect, Paper given at the Reinhardsbrunn Symposium “Phyusiology of Microbial Growth and Differentiation”, May 20–26, 1984
Authors: Babel W. , Müller R. H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAlthough the carbon/energy ratios of heterotrophic substrates for microbial growth are different this is not reflected in biomass. Nevertheless the macromolecular composition of cells may vary in dependence on growth conditions this does hardly influence the elementary composition and the growth yield. The energy requirement for synthesis of biomass starting from a central precursor, e.g. phosphoglycerate, can be assumed to be constant, hence any differences in carbon conversion efficiency must be attributed to carbon catabolism up to this precursor. This sequence determines if and to what extent an auxiliary substrate effect is possible. However, one has also to consider changes of the P/O ratio due to simultaneous utilization of substratesd which may account for the increase in growth yield with Hansenula polymorpha growing on a methanol/glucose mixture.
Zur Kinetik des Wachstums und der Speicherung von Poly‐D(−)‐3‐hydroxybuttersäure bei Alcaligenes latus
Authors: Braunegg G. , Bogensberger B. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAlcaligenes latus strain DSM 1123 has been tested for the production of Poly‐D(−3)‐3‐hydroxybutyric acid using sucrose as the only carton source. The strain is capable of accumulating the polymer associated to the growth very fast and lup to high concentrations in the biomass. Alcaligenes lotus seems to be very interesting for the production of Poly‐D(−)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate in a cheaper and easier way as with other organisms discussed for the biotechnological process in the past.
Biotechnology: Health care, agriculture, industry, environment
Authors: Sikyta B. , Pavlasová E. , Stejskalová E. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractNew developments in different branches of biotechnology are discussed. The production of peptide hormones, new interferons and other lymphokines by the microbial and cell cultures, and new enzyme inhibitors of microbial origin are the most important for health care and pharmacy. The main direction in research in the agriculture represents the development of the new, very effective methods of nitrogen fixation and the production of animal growth hormones by genemanipulated microorganisms. One of the most important field of application of biotechnology is the chemical industry, c.f. microbial production of polymers and biotransformation of compounds previously produced by chemical methods (acrylamide, adipic acid, naphtalen conversion, etc.). Several novel methods of degradation of the cellulosic materials are mentioned and exploitation of biotechnology in environmental protection is also discussed.
Purification and Characterization of two Extracellular β‐Glucosidases from Trichoderma viride ITCC 1433
Authors: Wilhelm M. , Sahm H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractT. viride ITCC 1433 synthesizes a two component system for the hydrolysis of cellobiose and cellooligodextrins. 80% of the total activity are solubilized during growth. The large protein (A), mol. weight 98 000 d, is glycosylated and slightly acidic (pH = 6.1). The smaller protein (B), mol. weight 70 000 d, is unglycosylated and neutral (pH = 7.2). Both proteins form a two‐step system where β‐glucosidase A is active at low substrate concentrations (KM = 2.3 × 10−4 M cellobiose) while β‐glucosidase B covers the range of 10‐fold higher cellobiose concentrations (KM = 1.8 × 10−3 M). The enzymes are fairly stable with a residual activity of 70% at 50°C after 24 h.
Evaluation of nigerian millet (pennisetum typhoideum) as a raw material for beer production
Authors: Iwuagwu Y. O. U. , Izuagbe Y. S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractMillet (Pennisetum typhoideum) its malt and wort were evaluated to ascertain the suitability of the grain for beer production. Thousand grain weight was 8.03 g while foreign material and broken cernels represented 3.23%. Germination energy, germination capacity and moisture content of the grain were 75.67, 92.33 and 10.43%, respectively, while the carbohydrate, total nitrogen and protein contents were 53.88, 1.34 and 8.40%, respectively. Millet malt had a moisture content of 5.03% while its carbohydrate, total nitrogen, protein content and malting loss were 48.47, 1.87, 11.7 and 8.3%. pH and specific gravity of the worth were 5.70 and 1.5927, respectively; its protein content was negligible while % titratable acidity was 1.35. The low nitrogen and protein contents of the grain as well as the low malting loss make millet an attractive alternative cereal for beer production in Nigeria.
Biological leaching of sulfide minerals with the use of shake flask, aerated column, air‐lift reactor, and percolation techniques
Authors: Puhakka J. , Tuovinen O. H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFour different experimental approaches were used to evaluate the microbiological leaching of ore material containing metal sulfides (Fe, Zn, Ni, Cu, Co) and aluminum silicates. A shake flask technique required the shortest contact time for the complete solubilization of the most readily leachable metals (Ni and Zn). Air‐lift reactors and aerated column reactors required longer contact times and complete solubilization of either zinc or nickel was not achieved. The air‐lift reactor approach was somewhat more effective than the aerated slurry technique. A percolation system was the least effective and yielded the lowest recoveries. Shake flasks (easily autoclavable) offered the advantage of comparison of the microbiological and solely chemical leaching. Aseptic conditions could not be maintained with the air‐lift and aerated column reactors because of contamination via aerosol formation. In a relative scale the leaching patterns were similar in that the precipitation of Fe(III) occurred regardless of the technique; zinc and nickel sulfides were solubilized more quantitatively than those of copper and cobalt; aluminum concentrations, although high, indicated low leaching yields relative to aluminum silicates in the ore material; and the pH reached similar final values in the presence of bacteria.
Continuous production of protein hydrolysates in immobilized enzyme reactors
Authors: Lasch J. , Koelsch R. , Kretschmer K. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe digestion of several proteins, casein, α‐lactalbumin, human serum albumin and a mixture of whey proteins by immobilized pronase, thermitase and leucine aminopeptidase was studied on various conditions in five types of enzyme reactors. Reactors and operating conditions were designed to maximize the extent of hydrolysis and to minimize the adverse effects of the macromolecular nature of the substrates. A simple analytical method was developed to follow routinely the extent of hydrolysis. Substrate proteins were subjected to various pretreatments intended to disturb their native structure. The maximum feasible extent of hydrolysis in the reactor effluent, which is an average quantity, clustered around the magic figure of 33% in all systems studied. Protein digestion in bubbled column reactors charged with the polyaminomethylstyrene‐fixed thermostable proteinase “thermitase” and operated at 50 to 60°C turned out to be the most efficient setup to produce continuously amino acid/peptide mixtures.
Wechselwirkungen zwischen Mikroorganismen und Metallionen
Authors: Gehre C. , Iske U. , Glombitza F. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractMicroorganisms are able to interact with metal ions in aqueous solutions and to accumulate considerable amounts of them.The mechanism of the accumulation depends on the physiological state of the cells. In the case of resting cells the binding reaction takes place on the surface of the cell wall as a sorption process. The kinetic of the sorption processes in dependence of the physiological state of the cells, the concentration of Hg2+ and Cd2+‐ions on the solution and the pH and temperature has been investigated.Beyond that possibilities for the desorption of the metals from the biomass have been tested.
Recent progress in developing enzyme and tissue‐based membrane electrodes
Authors: Macholán L. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe article summarizes the work of this laboratory on the design of eleven types of amperometricpenzyme electrodes mainly based on the CLARK oxygen sensor in connection with cross‐linked oxidases. Special attention is paid to the sensors coupled with plant tissue slice for determining L‐ascorbic acid and phenols. A “second generation” bienzyme electrode is reported which enables tow analytes forming a metabolic couple to be determined simultaneously. A principle of the first useful model of conductimetric enzyme electrode for assaying urea and arginase is also presented.