bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Education and Awareness for Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Kandlhofer Martin , Weixelbraun Petra , Menzinger Manuel , Steinbauer-Wagner Gerald , Kemenesi Ágoston 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe increasing digitization and automation processes in daily life through the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) pose great challenges for society and education. These range from building awareness, increasing acceptance, and teaching the foundations of this important and disruptive technology, to fostering a meaningful, creative usage, an assessment of threats, opportunities, and potentials as well as allowing an informed discussion about the technology. This paper presents the 2-year international AI education and awareness project ‘ENARIS’ which addressed these challenges on various levels. On the one hand, the project fostered young people’s interest in AI and facilitated a basic technical understanding. In this context, the integration of teachers, using a train-the-trainer approach and providing ready-to-use, open educational resources based on sound didactic concepts was an essential factor. On the other hand, the project aimed at strengthening awareness regarding social, economic, and technical aspects and potentials of AI among the general public, including school students, children, parents or working persons by conducting open and easily-accessible workshops. In the first project stage, online pre-surveys were conducted to analyze the needs within the target groups. Based on the results, AI ready-to-use prototype learning modules were developed. Following the principles of constructionism, a combination of different teaching methods including unplugged and plugged activities was used. The second project stage dealt with implementing and evaluating pilot workshops using quantitative pre- and post-tests as well as qualitative measures. Results indicate that, a) the ready-to-use teaching material, train-the-trainer workshops and AI topics covered were well received and that, b) a significant positive impact regarding the awareness and general knowledge about AI was achieved.
Reshaping Unplugged Computer Science Workshops for Primary School Education
Authors: Landman Martina , Rain Sophie , Kovács Laura , Futschek Gerald 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThrough meticulous analysis and adaptation, we reshaped unplugged computer science activities to align with the developmental needs and capabilities of primary school children. Our approach focuses on distilling the essence of computer science topics while tailoring their content and delivery methods to suit the younger audience. We describe our efforts and report on our experiences implementing our framework for eight primary school classes, turning our unplugged computer science workshops for secondary school classes into an educational playground for 192 primary school children. Our work contributes to the general societal mission of supporting more and more children to become interested in STEM, ensuring that our technological future is as diverse as possible.
Bridging the Gap: Infusing Natural Science Classes with Computer Science Concepts and Skills
Authors: Yanakieva Elena , Bieniusa Annette , Becka Thomas , Moser Brian B. , Jerger Dominik , Thyssen Christoph 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs we venture further into an ever-evolving digital society, it has become imperative for schools to adapt and equip future generations with the required skills. Computational Thinking (CT), specifically its algorithmic thinking aspect, plays a significant role in computer science and other sciences, such as biology, chemistry, and physics. It encourages students to reason at multiple levels of abstraction. This ability is particularly useful in natural science, as scientific experiments require critical skills like conceptualization, problem decomposition, and solving or designing structured systems. However, due to organizational and curricular restrictions, these concepts and skills are typically taught separately, leaving it to the learners to connect and apply the acquired skills in the respective context.To bridge this gap, we designed a two-day workshop that embeds CT in a physics and sustainability context, namely energy-efficient housing. In this workshop, we employ the Calliope Mini, a micro-controller explicitly designed for educational purposes, to teach essential algorithmic thinking and data processing. We carried out the workshop twice in a primary school in Germany, each with 20 children in 4th grade (ages 9–10). In this experience report, we present the multi-disciplinary workshop idea and discuss the outcome and observations from its execution. Overall, our study demonstrates the potential of such a workshop design as a practical tool for teaching CT concepts to children. Finally, we critically examine the challenges of this approach and highlight the importance of proper technical and educational prerequisites for a successful implementation.
All Green: How Different Age Groups Solved the Same Bebras Task
Authors: Bellettini Carlo , Lonati Violetta , Monga Mattia , Morpurgo Anna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this report we investigate how pupils tackle an interactive problem-solving task recently proposed in the Bebras Challenge. The task comes across as fun and simple and we proposed it to all pupils from fourth grade up. We analyzed the data collected, produced by 18,486 participating teams while interacting with the local Bebras platform. The quantitative data were supplemented by interviews conducted after the challenge, in which students were asked to solve the question while thinking aloud. Regardless of their age, all the participants found a good challenge in the task and they spent a lot of time interacting with it. Almost all teams attempted a naive approach to the solution, misled by the superficial characteristics of the problem, and many insisted on attempting the naive approach without ever abandoning it; this behaviour clearly decreases with increasing age.
The Function of Note-Taking in Problem Solving in the Computer Science Escape Game Room-X
Authors: Hacke Alexander , Dittert Nadine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe competence to solve problems is of fundamental importance in software engineering and the broader field of computer science. The escape game Room-X provides participating students aged between 13 and 19 years with an opportunity to tackle such a problem using computer science knowledge and general problem-solving skills. The problem-solving task presented in the game is representative of those encountered in professional computer science practice, and thus affords a valuable opportunity to examine the problem-solving processes of learners in this domain. This study focuses on the role of note-taking in the problem-solving process of the participants. Following an analysis of the relevant literature, we conduct a structuring content analysis of the notes taken during the game and examine how these notes are integrated into the problem-solving process. The findings suggest that note-taking is often employed as a simple memory aid and sees only limited use as a tool for organizing the problem-solving process. The study underscores the importance of developing effective note-taking strategies in computer science education to address the challenge of effectively organizing the problem-solving process, given the central role of problem solving in this domain. These findings are contextualized within the framework of computer science education and are discussed in relation to their broader implications for general education.
An Exploratory Investigation on High-School Students’ Understanding of Threads
Authors: Scapin Emanuele , Dalla Pozza Nicola , Mirolo Claudio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStudents’ difficulties to learn concurrent programming are well known amongst Computer Science instructors. While in the International Computing Education community it is still up to debate the extent to which such topic should be included in pre-university curricula, based on our country’s Ministerial guidelines for technical high schools with a specialization in Computer Science, students are expected to acquire key concurrent programming skills. With the aim of getting insights about the nature of students’ difficulties, as well as to identify possible pedagogical approaches to be adopted by teachers, we have undertaken an investigation on students’ perception, proficiency and self-confidence when dealing with concurrency and synchronization tasks. We then present the results of a preliminary study carried out by submitting a survey in a couple of representative high schools of our area. The survey includes subjective perception questions as well as small program comprehension tasks addressing students’ understanding of thread synchronization. Moreover, we also analyze students’ self-confidence in connection with their actual performance in such tasks. A total of 68 high school students were engaged in the survey. Our findings indicate that students’ perception of self-confidence tends to weakly correlate to their actual performance, although more in general they express a low self-confidence level in relation to the topic. In particular, the results clearly show that the concept of thread synchronization is especially difficult to master for a large majority of them.
KulturSchule und Fortbildung im Urteil der Fortgebildeten
Authors: Ackermann Heike 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungWenn Lehrkräfte mit ihrem Beruf zufrieden sind und sich an ihrer Schule richtig fühlen, kann dies als günstig für eine Innovationsbereitschaft angesehen werden. Auf ein Untersuchungssample von fünf Kollegien von KulturSchulen scheint dieser Befund zuzutreffen. Eine Befragung zur Akzeptanz des KulturSchul-Profils, der verabredeten Zielsetzungen, zur Wahrnehmung der allgemeinen Unterrichtsentwicklung und den Zielsetzungen der Lehrkräfte im Unterricht ergibt Unterschiede in der Wahrnehmung zwischen Fortgebildeten und den (noch) nicht Fortgebildeten. Diese Unterschiede sind oftmals statistisch relevant, sodass sich die Frage stellt, was dafür ursächlich ist. Vermutet wird, dass Fortgebildete sich in der Fortbildung als selbstwirksam und gestützt durch ihre Gruppe erleben konnten. Dies könnte, wie auch die Fortbildner annehmen, eine günstige Voraussetzung dafür sein, dass die intendierte Unterrichts- und Schulentwicklung eine Bereitschaft findet, sie mitzutragen.
Evaluationsdesign
Authors: Ackermann Heike 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Studie basiert auf einem Auftrag des Hessischen Kultusministeriums zur Evaluation von Fortbildungen, die Lehrkräfte und auch schulische Führungskräfte im und für das KulturSchulprogramm des Landes qualifizieren sollen. Das Interesse lag in der Untersuchung der besonderen Qualität der neu etablierten Fachforen und deren Beitrag zur ästhetischen Praxis an KulturSchulen. Das Kapitel thematisiert die Bereiche der Untersuchung und die Fragestellungen und erläutert die methodischen Entscheidungen im Evaluationsvorgehen.
Fachforen
Authors: Ackermann Heike 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungUnter den vier Fortbildungsformaten zur Lehrkräfte- und Schulleitungsqualifizierung, die rekonstruiert worden sind, sind die Fachforen die zeitlich gesehen jüngste Entwicklung. An der Resonanz, die sie bei den Teilnehmern haben, wird deutlich, inwiefern die didaktischen Zielsetzungen der Programmakteure und Fortbildenden bei den Teilnehmern ankommen. Eine teilnehmende Beobachtung der Fachforen als demzeitlich längsten Fortbildungsformat ermöglicht eine vertiefende Beschreibung und Analyse dieses neuartigen Workshops, der dem pädagogischen Personal an KulturSchulen ästhetische Erfahrung zugänglich macht.
Mutation Induction in Coffea arabica L. Using in Vivo Grafting and Cuttings
Authors: Wu Weihuai , Bai Xuehui , Yi Kexian , Huang Xing , He Chunping , Li Jinhong , Zhang Hongbo , Zhou Hua , Gbokie Thomas , Guo Tieying , Xi Jingen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCoffee leaf rust (CLR) caused by the obligate parasite, the biotrophic Hemileia vastatrix Berk. & Broome (Basidiomycetes: Pucciniales), is the most devastating disease of Coffea arabica L. Breeding resistant varieties is one of the most economic and environment friendly means to control the disease. However, this is challenged by the loss of resistance after a short period in commercial production. Catimor CIFC7963, an elite, leaf rust resistant Coffea arabica L. variety, has been cultivated in China for decades, which has resulted in the breakdown of its disease resistance. Due to the lengthy breeding process of coffee, the development of new resistant varieties is arduous. Physical and chemical mutagenesis offers an alternative means to more rapidly create novel and beneficial genetic variations. Bud grafting is a propagation technique frequently used for woody plants whereby a bud of one plant is attached to the rootstock of another plant. Likewise, cutting is a frequently used propagation technique. In coffee, physical irradiation of the bud followed by grafting or cutting can accelerate the mutation breeding process, as cutting or grafting increases the growth rate without affecting the major traits of the background varieties. Here, we present protocols to induce mutations on buds of the C. arabica variety Catimor CIFC7963 by gamma-ray irradiation and their subsequent propagation through cutting or bud grafting.
Use of Open-Source Tools for Imaging and Recording Phenotypic Traits of a Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Mutant Population
Authors: Nkurunziza Radisras , Jankowicz-Cieslak Joanna , Werbrouck Stefaan P. O. , Ingelbrecht Ivan L. W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMutation breeding in Coffea arabica offers a powerful tool to induce novel genetic variability for breeding and genetic studies. The success of a mutation breeding program depends largely on the ability to screen large populations for target traits. There is also a need to accurately record induced mutant traits at the individual plant level. Comprehensive phenotyping requires measuring and tracking traits of interest during the crop growth cycle and subsequent generations. Therefore, efficient and accurate data collection and recording of traits is essential, both at the individual plant level and populations. In recent years, various high-throughput plant phenotyping platforms have been developed. However, these are typically proprietary, and/or require costly infrastructures. In this chapter we illustrate the use of Field Book and ImageJ, two public domain software tools, for phenotyping and documenting growth and yield traits of a greenhouse-grown Arabica coffee mutant population. Example data of M1 and M2 mutant phenotypes induced through EMS and gamma-ray mutagenesis are presented. We further demonstrate the use of these tools for quantifying the canopy of mutants and non-mutagenized controls. These tools can be more widely applied to other visual phenotypes including plant or tissue responses to biotic or abiotic stresses. The use of free, open-access tools for integrating electronic data recording with image processing can greatly improve the efficiency, precision and speed of data collection for screening large mutant populations and is especially useful in resource-limiting settings.
Screening for Resistance to Coffee Leaf Rust
Authors: Várzea Vítor , Pereira Ana Paula , Silva Maria do Céu Lavado da 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCoffee leaf rust (CLR), caused by Hemileia vastatrix (Hv), is one of the main limiting factors of Arabica coffee production worldwide. Breeding for rust resistance is the most appropriate and sustainable strategy to control CLR. The characterization of coffee resistance to Hv, initiated in the 1930s in India, expanded with the creation of Coffee Rusts Research Center (CIFC) in 1955, in Portugal. Since then, the screening of coffee resistance to Hv races, from different geographical origins, has been carried out assisting breeding programmes of coffee growing countries and originating over 90% of the resistant varieties cultivated worldwide. However, the high adaptability of Hv has resulted in the gradual loss of resistance of some varieties. Thus, the characterization of new sources of resistance is crucial, also to face the recent epidemic resurgence of CLR across Latin America and the Caribbean.Here, we provide a protocol for the screening of coffee resistance to Hv using different methods of inoculation on attached and detached leaves and on leaf disks. Information on environmental and pathogenicity factors that may affect the assessment of coffee resistance is also presented. This protocol allows the characterization of rust resistance on coffee mutants at laboratories, greenhouses, and field conditions.
Inoculation and Evaluation of Hemileia vastatrix Under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Barquero-Miranda Miguel , Cordero-Vega María José , Ureña-Ureña Kimberly 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe coffee leaf rust, a disease caused by the biotrophic fungusHemileia vastatrix, is one of the main limitations in coffee production today as it causes significant economic losses to the coffee production sector. Genetic improvement is an option to solve these problems. The Arabica varieties have a very narrow genetic base therefore the induction of mutations, through e.g. physical methods such as gamma rays, could be an efficient tool to increase the genetic diversity of the crop. This would allow to obtain desirable agronomic characteristics such as resistance to pests and diseases. To determine the effect of irradiation on the plants, protocols enabling evaluation of improved traits must be applied. In the case of the assessment of plant resistance to pests and diseases, screening protocols that take into account their biology should be considered. This chapter provides a detailed protocol for the inoculation and evaluation ofHemileia vastatrixunder laboratory conditions.
Evaluation of Coffee (Coffea arabica L. var. Catuaí) Tolerance to Leaf Rust (Hemileia vastatrix) Using Inoculation of Leaf Discs Under Controlled Conditions
Authors: Rojas-Chacón José Andrés , Echeverría-Beirute Fabián , Gatica-Arias Andrés 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCoffee leaf rust (CLR), caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Hemileia vastatrix, is considered one of the most devastating diseases of Arabica coffee. The use of leaf rust resistant or tolerant coffee varieties is a critical component for effective management of this disease at the farm level. Conventional breeding of Arabica coffee for leaf rust resistance requires many years of breeding and field-testing. Induced mutagenesis is an effective tool to increase genetic variability and generate new alleles with potential benefit for addressing abiotic and biotic stresses such as leaf rust in Arabica coffee. Efficient screening methods are required to evaluate coffee germplasm or mutant populations for resistance to H. vastatrix. Here, we present a screening method that uses inoculation of leaf discs in a controlled environment. The method was evaluated using M1V1 and M2 plants derived from chemically mutagenized Arabica coffee cell suspensions. In this method, the first rust symptoms appear on the leaf discs approximately 29 days after inoculation while the disease severity and incidence can be scored about 47 days after inoculation. Our results show that the methodology is simple, efficient and suitable to rapidly screen large mutant populations in a small area.
Targeted Sequencing in Coffee with the Daicel Arbor Biosciences Exome Capture Kit
Authors: Warthmann Norman 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExome Capture is a molecular biology technique that, in combination with Next Generation DNA sequencing technologies (NGS), allows for selectively sequencing the predicted genes of an organism. Such capture sequencing provides a compromise between genome coverage and sequencing cost. The capture reaction is an additional step in an otherwise standard sequencing protocol and exome capture effectively enriches the sequencing library for DNA molecules that overlap with predicted genes (the exome). This enables genome-wide assessments while focusing on the gene space. Capture sequencing is particularly attractive in species with large genomes, where whole genome sequencing in larger numbers of samples would be cost-prohibitive at present prices. Plant Breeding and Genetics Laboratory (PBGL) developed an Exome Capture Kit for Coffea arabica in collaboration with Daicel Arbor Biosciences (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Use of the kit achieves eightfold enrichment, and hence approx. eightfold reduction in sequencing cost for a whole genome assessment of Coffee arabica plants. The kit is available as a regular product from Daicel Arbor Biosciences and this protocol describes the kit and gives detailed instructions on how to perform the capture reaction.
Coffee Leaf Rust Resistance: An Overview
Authors: Guerra-Guimarães Leonor , Diniz Inês , Azinheira Helena Gil , Loureiro Andreia , Pereira Ana Paula , Tavares Sílvia , Batista Dora , Várzea Vítor , Silva Maria do Céu Lavado da 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCoffee is one of the most important cash crops and beverages. Several diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses can affect coffee plantations and compromise production. Coffee leaf rust (CLR), caused by the biotrophic fungus Hemileia vastatrix is the top fungal disease, representing a permanent threat to sustainable Arabica coffee production for more than a century. This review provides a comprehensive survey of the most common coffee diseases, their importance, and geographic distribution, with an emphasis on coffee leaf rust. Summing up the progress obtained so far from different research fields on the coffee–H. vastatrix interaction, we revisited the pathogen genetic diversity and population dynamics, and the complex mechanisms underlying plant resistance/immunity. We also highlight how new advanced technologies can provide avenues for a deeper understanding of this pathosystem, which is crucial for devising more reliable and long-term strategies for disease control.
Protocols for Chromosome Preparations: Molecular Cytogenetics and Studying Genome Organization in Coffee
Authors: Li Le , Schwarzacher Trude , Tomaszewska Paulina , Liu Qing , Li Xiaoyu Zoe , Yi Kexian , Wu Weihuai , Pat Heslop-Harrison J. S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCytological preparations from cell nuclei are required to count the number of chromosomes (including determining ploidy or aneuploidy), to investigate their morphology and organization. The results are valuable for genetic and evolutionary studies, and in breeding programs to understand species relationships, polyploidy, and potential introgression of chromosomes in hybrids between different species. Preparation of good chromosome spreads with well-separated metaphase chromosomes is the foundation of cytogenetic research including chromosomal mapping based on FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization). FISH combined with specific locus probes correlated with molecular markers to specific chromosomes for integrating physical and linkage maps as well as studying the genetic evolution of allopolyploidization, has rarely been applied in Coffea spp. despite being a global high-value crop. Cytogenetic studies of Coffea are limited by the small size and similar morphology of the chromosomes, but FISH can help to map sequences to chromosome arms and identify individual chromosomes. This chapter presents protocols for germinating seeds and growing coffee plants involving pre-treatment and fixation of root-tips where the meristems of actively growing roots have many divisions. Mitotic metaphase chromosome preparation on microscope slides is described, as well as preparing probes of 5S and 18S rDNA to be used for FISH. The FISH experiments involve a two-step protocol with pre-treatments and setting up the hybridization on day 1 and the detection of probe sites on day 2 after overnight hybridization. A final section gives advice about visualization using a fluorescent microscope and capturing images.