bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fellows’ Forum in Dialysis edited by Mark A. Perazella: Does Uremia Protect against the Demyelination Associated with Correction of Hyponatremia during Hemodialysis? A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Oo Than Naing , Smith Charles L. , Swan Suzanne K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractRapid correction of chronic hyponatremia is known to cause demyelination syndromes, which are attributed to the rapid shift of water out of the brain. In uremic patients with hyponatremia, depending on the dialysate sodium concentration and delivered Kt/V, serum sodium levels may be rapidly corrected inadvertently during the hemodialysis (HD) session. It is not known whether uremic patients are as susceptible to the development of demyelination as patients with normal renal function. Since urea diffuses slowly across the blood–brain barrier, it can act as an effective osmole between plasma and the brain if levels are changed abruptly. During HD, blood urea levels drop suddenly and significantly and cerebral edema may develop (dialysis disequilibrium syndrome). This effect may counteract the fluid shift out of the brain during correction of hyponatremia. Therefore, theoretically, uremic patients may be less prone to develop demyelination. We present a patient with renal failure whose hyponatremia was corrected rapidly during HD to illustrate the potential problem. The patient tolerated rapid correction of hyponatremia without sustaining any neurologic damage. We performed a literature search looking for similar case reports and reviewed the scientific evidence behind the above hypothesis.
Variations in Urethral Warming Temperatures During Cryosurgery: The Impact On Post‐Treatment PSA Levels
Authors: Gould Robert S. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTA comparison of prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels at 1 year after cryosurgery is made for three groups of patients: those who underwent standard cryosurgery with the use of a 37°C urethral warmer, those who underwent cryosurgery with the use of a 22°C warmer, and those who underwent cryosurgery with no warmer used. Those patients who underwent standard cryosurgery were further divided into those who had less aggressive disease (by determination of pretreatment PSA level and tumor grade) and those with more aggressive disease. No significant difference was found in the results of treatment by varying the urethral warming temperature. Aggressive tumors did not respond well to standard cryosurgery. Complete ablation of the prostate by freezing without the use of a warming catheter, however, dramatically improved treatment results. Further studies are thereby felt to be warranted.
Acute Complications after Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy
Authors: Ng Christopher S. , Klein Eric A. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTObjectives: To assess the rate of acute complications after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) using contemporary surgical techniques and perioperative care.Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of 306 consecutive patients who underwent RRP with or without bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection under low‐thoracic epidural anesthesia between October 1996 and April 1999. A standardized postoperative regimen was employed including early ambulation, epidural analgesia, and liquid diet the day after surgery.Results: The median length hospital stay was two nights. Acute complications occurred in 25 (8.2%) of 306 patients and were mostly minor. No thromboembolic or pulmonary events were noted, and there were no deaths. The 30‐day hospital readmission rate was 0.3%.Conclusion: The contemporary regimen of perioperative management employed in this series of men undergoing RRP results in short hospital stay and a low rate of primarily minor complications.
A New Device for Selective Removal of CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Onodera Hirokazu , Abe Yumi , Yoshida Makoto , Yamawaki Naokuni , Yamashita Yasuhiko , Matsuo Hidenori , Ichinose Katsuhiro , Otsuru Izumi , Shibuya Noritoshi 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: Guest Editor's Introduction: As the leukocyte removal has been recognized as an effective means of therapy, efforts were focused on the device development for more specific removal of cellular components, which are related to the cause of the disease. Shibuya and Asahi Medical Co. developed the CD4+T removal column which consists of polystyrene fabrics with immobilized anti‐human CD4+ monoclonal antibodies. This paper describes the basic material design and the in vitro studies in terms of CD4+ removal. This paper was printed in Therapeutic Apheresis, vol. 2, page 37–42 (1998), and reprinted here with permission.To control antigen (Ag)‐specific immune cells is important in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In particular, a direct solution may be obtained by controlling the CD4+ cell function that controls the immune response of autoimmune T cells. Thus, a technique to selectively remove CD4+ cells has been developed, based on the consideration that the immune system may possibly be modified by selectively removing the CD4+ cells by means of extracorporeal circulation. The currently developed device to selectively remove CD4+ cells uses a material made of nonwoven fabric with monoclonal antibodies immobilized on the surface. With this device, removal of only CD4+ cells from human mononuclear cells suspension can be accomplished. Moreover, CD4+ cells can be specifically removed from peripheral whole blood by direct perfusion. This review outlines a series of procedures for selective cell removal and the results of our research.
The Effects of Organic Amendments on the Restoration of a Disturbed Coastal Sage Scrub Habitat
Authors: Ret;Michael F. Allen Thomas A. Zink 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe effectiveness of organic mulch as a simple means of enhancing the restoration of disturbed lands by providing a competitive edge to native perennials, such asArtemisia californica(California sagebrush), over exotic annuals, such asAvena fatua(wild oat), was studied by investigating the effect of organic amendments on microbial activity and nitrogen immobilization through both soil analysis and aboveground plant growth. The addition of organic amendment resulted in an increase in microbial activity, a parallel increase in nitrogen immobilization, and no significant differences in total soil nitrogen. It is likely that nitrogen was gradually being removed from its more available form of nitrate and being immobilized in the tissues of the increasing microbial biomass. The survival rate of planted native perennial seedlings ofA. californicain organic amended plots was almost double that of control‐plot seedlings, and plant volume was significantly higher. When the availability of nitrogen was reduced through increased immobilization, amended plots established an environment more conducive to native perennial shrubs, allowing them to outcompete exotic annuals for water and nutrients. This simple procedure could have major implications for enhancing the restoration of disturbed lands.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae of Leymus arenarius on Coastal Sands and Reclamation Sites in Iceland and Response to Inoculation
Authors: Greipsson S. , El‐Mayas H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) was examined in natural and reclaimed sand dunes in Iceland. On the coastal sand‐plain of Myrdalssandur no spores of AMF were found on barren sand, and very few were found in 1‐ and 5‐year‐old reclamation sites of Leymus arenarius (lymegrass). A significantly higher number of AMF spores and root colonization were found in a 10‐year‐old reclamation site and in a natural old dune system of L. arenarius. AMF spores showed seasonal variation with higher occurrence in the fall than in the spring. On the volcanic island Surtsey, no AMF spores or root colonization were found on L. arenarius in 6‐ and 10‐year‐old dunes. However, AMF spores and root colonization were found in the 22‐year‐old Leymus dune. On Surtsey, a colonization pattern was found where AMF non‐dependent plants were the first colonizers followed by AMF facultative plants, then by AMF‐dependent plants. Today AMF facultative plants have the highest number of species but AMF non‐dependent plants have the largest population size. Three different AMF inocula were tested on L. arenarius; growth of seedlings was improved significantly by an indigenous AMF inoculum compared with commercial inocula. Inoculation of nursery grown seedlings of L. arenarius followed by transplantation into barren sand seeded with L. arenarius is recommended because this method will ensure establishment of the plant and enhance succession.
Barriers to Forest Regeneration in an Abandoned Pasture in Puerto Rico
Authors: Zimmerman Jess K. , Pascarella John B. , Aide T. Mitchell 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSources of forest regeneration (soil seed bank, seed rain) and barriers to seedling establishment were examined in a recently abandoned pasture in eastern Puerto Rico. Few woody species were found in the soil seed bank or in the seed rain. The number of seeds and species in the seed rain and soil seed bank declined with distance from the adjacent secondary forest. Nine species naturally dispersed and colonized plots during the study, with the wind‐dispersed tree Tabebuia heterophylla being the predominant colonizer (91% of all seedlings). Barriers to seedling establishment were determined using a blocked field experiment with eleven woody species representative of a variety of life histories. Each species was planted under the pasture vegetation (control) or in areas where all vegetation was removed (removal). Germination was enhanced for four species in the control treatment, five species were not affected, and two species did not germinate under either treatment. Survival to 6 months was higher in the removal treatment for two species. Seedling biomass was greater in the removal treatment at 12 months for one species. Seed mass was a good predictor of germination success and final shoot biomass, but not survival. This study demonstrates that seeding recently abandoned pastures with a mix of known pioneer species may accelerate the rate of secondary succession, but some species will have to be planted in later successional stages in order to overcome strong barriers to establishment.
Soil Microfungi in Two Post‐Mining Chronosequences with Different Vegetation Types
Authors: Nováková Alena 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSoil microfungi were studied in the Sokolov (Czech Republic) post‐mining dumps afforested withAlnus glutinosaand in the Lusatian (Germany) post‐mining dumps afforested withPinus sylvestrisorP. nigra. Microfungi were isolated using the soil dilution plate method. Soil microfungi communities of two chronosequences were compared by species composition, frequency of species occurrence, and colony forming units of fungi (CFU‐counts). Differences in species occurrence were determined. More species of entomopathogenic microfungi were found from the Sokolov post‐mining area in comparison with the Cottbus post‐mining area.Absidia glauca,A. cylindrospora,Penicillium glabrum, andP. janthinellumwere the most frequently isolated species from the Cottbus post‐mining area, whileA. glauca,Geomyces pannorum, andTrichoderma koningiipredominated at the Sokolov post‐mining area.
Application of Landscape Allometry to Restoration of Tidal Channels
Authors: Hood W. Gregory 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOligohaline tidal channels (sloughs) in the Pacific Northwest were shown to have allometric form with respect to outlet width and depth, channel length, perimeter, and surface area. In contrast, an artificial slough, excavated to mitigate port improvements, did not conform to natural slough allometry, resulting in high retention of allochthonous inputs and sediment accumulation. Additionally, intertidal sedge habitat abundance was related to slough size for smaller sloughs, but larger sloughs did not fit this allometric pattern. This suggests that sedge habitat in large sloughs has been destroyed due to extensive log storage and transportation from the 1890s to the 1970s. Finally, the abundance of salmonid prey of terrestrial origin—aphids and adult flies—in slough surface waters was correlated with slough perimeter and, for aphids, with the amount of intertidal sedge habitat. An allometric perspective on landscape form and function has several implications for habitat restoration and mitigation: (1) Size‐related constraints on replication for landscape‐scale studies are loosened (e.g., rather than requiring reference sites that are similar in size to experimental sites, analysis of covariance can be used to control size effects); (2) physical processes, such as sedimentation and erosion, affect landscape form, whereas landscape form can affect ecological processes, so design of restoration or mitigation projects should conform to allometric patterns to maximize physical and ecological predictability; (3) landscape allometry may provide insight into undocumented human disturbances; and (4) allometric patterns suggest design goals and criteria for success.
Sorbitol Accumulation In Ascorbic Acid Treated Schwann Cells Cultured In High Glucose Medium
Authors: Suzuki T , Yashima S , Taniko K , Mizuno K , Suzuki T , Yabe‐Nishimura C. 
Published: March 2003

Unless the expression of aldose reductase (AR) was upregulated, sorbitol was not accumulated under high glucose conditions in Schwann cells isolated from adult rat sciatic nerves (1). In the peripheral nerve, however, Schwann cells of both myelinated and un‐myelinated fibers are ensheathed by the basement membrane. To evaluate the effect of basement membrane formation on sorbitol accumulation, we examined the sorbitol levels in Schwann cells pre‐cultured for 12 days in the medium containing 50μg/ml ascorbic acid and 20nM progesterone that elicit basement membrane synthesis on the plate coated with extracellular matrix. In the cells cultured in ascorbic acid containing medium, type IV collagen, one of the basement membrane components, was detected. When these cells were incubated with 50mM glucose for 6 days, a significant level of sorbitol accumulation was observed without any change in the activity of AR and SDH. Fidarestat, an inhibitor of AR, decreased the sorbitol levels in a dose‐dependent manner. Increased fructose levels in these cells were simultaneously suppressed by the addition of fidarestat. Our findings therefore suggest that accumulation of sorbitol in Schwann cells takes place under diabetic conditions, only when cells are ensheathed by the basement membrane.(1) Suzuki, T., et al. (1999). J. Neurosci. Res., 57, 495‐503.
Effects of Sampling Scale and Analysis Method on Perceptions of Phytoplankton Species Associations
Authors: Davis B. E. , Interlandi S. J. , Kilham S. S. , Theriot E. C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPhytoplankton associations generally are identified by nonrandom co‐occurrence of phytoplankton species, and are considered to be a result of similar species response to properties of the environment. Because an association is characterized by co‐occurrence of species across samples, or synchrony of the abundance of species over time, we proposed that the perception of phytoplankton association is subject to spatial and temporal sampling scale and analysis method. We investigated this using an intensive phytoplankton dataset from three lakes of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, with particular concentration on Asterionella formosa (AF) and Aulacoseira subarctica (AS). We compared numerical analyses, including Fager analysis of recurrent groups, rank correlation, and other measures of synchrony, for differences in assessment of co‐occurrence. The analyses were conducted on the entire dataset, and then the dataset was reduced to assess the effect of different spatial or temporal sampling regimes on apparent association. While the two diatom species significantly co‐occurred across samples, assessment of synchrony was affected by analysis method and sampling regime. AF and AS abundance were positively correlated across lakes and within each lake, but peaks in abundance of the two species did not significantly coincide over time. In addition, species abundance were negatively correlated across depths, and we argue that this is significant to the autecology of each species. These results indicate that the perception of phytoplankton association may simply be an artifact of the limits of our understanding of the distribution and physiology of the organisms.
A Guide to the Seaweeds of Florida
Authors: Dawes C. J. , Mathieson A. C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA review of Florida seaweeds indicates a highly diverse flora within a large coastal zone (over 700 km) spanning more than 7° of latitude, containing tropical, subtropical, and temperate communities. Surprisingly, there have been relatively few detailed floristic studies of Florida seaweeds, except for the Florida Keys and on the east coast. The patterns are a reflection of the early predominance of winter visitors and lack of resident phycologists. The seaweeds of the west coast of Florida were virtually ignored until the 1950s. We estimate that the state's seaweed flora consists of at least 670 taxa including 219 green, 97 brown, 349 red algae, and at least 3 species of Vaucheria. Such a compilation is significantly higher than the numbers of taxa recorded for Florida by Taylor (1960), as well as those for North Carolina (i.e. Schneider & Searles, 1991), and Caribbean reefs (Littler & Littler, 2000). The majority of Florida seaweeds have tropical/Caribbean affinities, although a significant temperate component also occurs, presumably reflecting the influence of the northern floras of the Gulf of Mexico and south‐eastern coast of the US. The tropical nature of the state's flora is supported by the R/P and R + C/P indices of Feldman (1937) and Cheney (1997) with these ratios being 3.6 and 5.8, respectively. Florida's seaweed diversity is enhanced by the extensive salt marsh and seagrass communities of the west coast, plus the coral reef habitats of the Florida Keys. The present review summarizes several important historical studies, conspicuous geographic patterns, the type of communities, and the structure of a guide to the seaweeds of Florida. The guide will also serve as a historical reference for possible anthropogenic impacts in the future.
Assessing the Biodiversity of Monoraphidium Using 18S rDNA Sequences
Authors: Fawley M. W. , Fawley K. P. , Dean M. L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe taxonomy of the genus Monoraphidium is unclear due in part to the absence of morphological features to clearly distinguish one species from another. Phytoplankton samples collected from lakes in the Arrowwood National Refuge in eastern North Dakota were found to contain several morphological species of Monoraphidium. Eighteen Monoraphidium isolates were examined with light microscopy and six morphological species were identified. PCR–RFLP of the 18S rDNA was used to type the isolates. Following digestion by Hae III and Taq I, the 18S rDNA PCR–RFLP patterns indicated 10 different types. Presently, the 18S rDNA product is being sequenced for each of the 10 types. By examining morphological characters and 18S rDNA sequences, congruence between morphology and sequence data may be compared. Also, because there is a lack of morphological characters defining Monoraphidium species, diversity within the 18S rDNA sequences may aid in the taxonomy of the genus and its place within the Chlorococcales. Supported by National Science Foundation Grants MCB‐0084188 and DBI‐0070387.
The Central American Isthmus: Implications for Intraspecific Phylogeny and Biogeography of a Pantropical Green Alga
Authors: Wysor B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAn intraspecific phylogenetic study was undertaken to resolve the evolutionary relationship of isolates of the green alga Phyllodictyon anastomosans (Harv.) Kraft et Wynne that occur on Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the Central American Isthmus. Patterns of vicariance related to the emergence of the Central American Isthmus were evident, but numerous examples of recent trans‐oceanic and trans‐isthmian dispersal obscured the underlying pattern. This study, one of the first studies to assess the impact of the emergence of the Central American Isthmus in seaweed phylogeography, provided an ideal opportunity to estimate the rate of sequence evolution using a single time point. Using this newly calibrated molecular clock the timing of an historical introduction across the isthmus is shown to be concordant with a shallow water breach of the isthmus dated at approximately 2.3–2.0 million years ago. This work contributes to a growing body of literature that suggests marine algae are fairly successful at dispersing over long distances in recent times.
A Survey of the Offshore Marine Macroalgae From the North‐Western Gulf of Mexico Hard Bank Communities
Authors: Fredericq S. , Cho T. O. , Gavio B. , Gurgel C. F. , Hickerson E. , Lin S. M. , Lopez‐Bautista J. , Phillips N. , Viguerie M. , Wysor B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe upper north‐western Gulf basin is characterized by a relatively shallow but well‐developed continental shelf with an extensive system of mid‐ and outer shelf hard banks formed on unique tectonically created salt diapirs of varying origin and composition. Observations done by our laboratory while participating in monitoring cruises to the National Marine Sanctuaries of the E and W Banks of the Flower Gardens (TX), Stetson Banks (TX), Sonnier Banks (LA) and dredging cruises off Louisiana reveal a surprisingly different floristic composition among the sites. Several range extensions, new macroalgal records for the Gulf of Mexico, and new species imply a much more complex algal community than previously documented. Our ongoing project includes the development of a modern taxonomic, phylogenetic and morphological database essential to informed management for preservation of biological diversity. It also provides a framework of seasonal algal composition against which long‐term trends and anomalies in algal distribution and health of the Gulf of Mexico can be assessed at future dates.
Grateloupia Turuturu (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta): The Correct Identity of the Invasive Species in the Atlantic Known as Grateloupia Doryphora as Inferred From Molecular and Morphological Evidence
Authors: Gavio B. , Fredericq S. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Grateloupia doryphora (Montagne) Howe, originally described from Peru, has repeatedly been reported as an invasive species in Atlantic and Mediterranean waters. Various attempts to explain this species' route of invasion have, so far, been unsatisfying. In the present paper, we provide new evidence on the basis of comparative rbcL sequence analysis and morphology that this invasive species in the NE and NW Atlantic corresponds to G. turuturu Yamada, originally described from Japan. The true origin of this alga follows a well‐recognized trend of invasive marine organisms that have on various occasions colonized the Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea from Pacific NE Asia.