bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nano‐fabrication of azopolymer by scanning near‐field optical microscope
Authors: Mori Wataru , Tawata Masahiro , Shimoyama Hiroshi , Ikawa Taiji , Tsuchimori Masaaki , Watanabe Osamu 
Published: February 2004

AbstractDeformation of an organic photosensitive azopolymer by near‐field light generated by an optical fiber probe with a very small aperture diameter of about 50 nm is studied. The azopolymer is deformed in response to the polarization state of the light incident on the probe. If the probe aperture diameter is made smaller, the mark shape can be made smaller but the probe must be moved closer to the material. However, the mark width is about 6 times the probe aperture diameter. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 87(3): 55–61, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10129
Polarization dependence of four‐wave mixing in dispersion‐shifted fibers and its application to nonlinear refractive index measurements using maximum mixing efficiency
Authors: Kawanami Kimiya , Ishizawa Yoji , Imai Masaaki , Kawabata Keisuke , Namihira Yoshinori 
Published: February 2004

AbstractIf the phase match condition is satisfied in a 1.55‐µm dispersion‐shifted fiber (DSF), four‐wave mixing (FWM) between the signals is generated at a lower optical power level than other nonlinear phenomena. In this paper, the polarization dependence of the FWM generating efficiency is discussed. From the maximum mixing efficiency, the nonlinear refractive index and the zero‐dispersion wavelength are simultaneously measured. Both DSFs of 20 and 4 km are used for studies of the polarization dependence of FWM light with respect to linear polarization from the wavelength variable DFB‐LD. For a 20‐km DSF, a nonlinear refractive index of n2 = 2.50 × 10−20 m2/W and a zero‐dispersion wavelength of λ0 = 1553.0 nm are obtained. For a 4‐km DSF, n2 = 2.42 × 10−20 m2/W and λ0 = 1557.9 nm. For the 4‐km DSF, it is confirmed by the CW‐SPM method that n2 = 2.40 × 10−20 m2/W. The measured results for the two methods are found to be in good agreement. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 87(3): 45–54, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10146
Design of a continuous‐time Gm–C bandpass Delta‐Sigma modulator
Authors: Matsuura Koji , Waho Takao 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA second‐order continuous‐time bandpass ΔΣ modulator using HEMTs (High‐Electron‐Mobility Transistors) is designed and its performance characteristics such as SNR (Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio) are evaluated by SPICE simulation. For high‐speed operation of the modulator, the bandpass ΔΣ scheme, which can reduce the quantization noise at high‐frequency regions, and the continuous‐time scheme using a continuous‐time filter as a loop filter are employed. First, the bandpass filter, quantizer, and D‐A converter are designed. Next, the modulator formed by combination of these is simulated. Excellent performance is obtained with an SNR = 44 dB (corresponding to a resolution of 7.0 bits) with a bandwidth of 32 MHz and with SNR = 52 dB (8.3 bits) at 8 MHz. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 87(3): 39–44, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10168
Fingerprint sensor LSI
Authors: Machida Katsuyuki , Morimura Hiroki , Shigematsu Satoshi , Okazaki Yukio 
Published: February 2004

AbstractRecently, verification systems using biometrics to prevent illegal use of information terminals have attracted attention. We looked at fingerprints as the biometric and developed a semiconductor capacitive fingerprint sensor LSI. In this paper, we describe the sensor structure of the capacitive fingerprint sensor LSI and the sensor process, and explain the reliability evaluation method concerning the electrostatic measures, the mechanical strength, and the long‐term reliability. We also describe the calibration function, a feature of this fingerprint sensor LSI. We implement calibration that adjusts the variable capacitance provided at each pixel to produce the same output signal at each pixel, is able to eliminate the effect of the sensor's surface state, and always obtains a clean image even when used for a long time. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 87(3): 29–38, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10175
Test structure for precise measurement of MOSFET matching properties
Authors: Shimizu Yoshiyuki , Nakamura Mitsuo , Matsuoka Toshimasa , Taniguchi Kenji 
Published: February 2004

AbstractWe designed a new test structure for precise measurement of MOSFET matching properties. This structure consists of a MOSFET array including over 10,000 MOSFETs for measurement, and peripheral decoder circuits to choose an MOSFET in the array. The Kelvin technique was implemented in the structure to cancel parasitic resistances of metal wiring and transmission gates in such a way that any MOSFET in the array can be measured at a precise bias condition. Accurate electrical measurements using the structure make it possible to derive the statistical variations of the threshold voltage and transconductance of MOSFETs placed on a chip. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 87(3): 21–28, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10178
Theoretical study on tunneling phenomena in asymmetrical rectangular double‐barrier structures with acceleration well
Authors: Hamaguchi Hiroki , Yamamoto Hiroaki , Yamada Norifumi 
Published: February 2004

AbstractAs a promising resonant tunneling structure for reduction of tunneling time, the “asymmetric rectangular double‐barrier structure with an acceleration well” is proposed. Analytical expressions are derived for the tunneling transmission coefficient of the electrons and for the resonant condition. Also, the condition for the shortest tunneling time is analytically studied by using the dwell time as the tunneling time. From the resonant condition, the width of each layer can be determined for a given resonant energy. The resultant dwell time is calculated and discussed in terms of both theoretical and numerical analysis. Although the model proposed in this research is an idealized one, the proposed structure and the obtained results are considered useful in the design of tunneling devices in the sense that the tunneling time can be controlled. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 87(3): 1–11, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10197
DNase I behaves as a transcription factor which modulates Fas expression in human cells
Authors: Oliveri Mara , Daga Antonio , Lunardi Claudio , Navone Riccardo , Millo Romano , Puccetti Antonio 
Published: February 2004

AbstractDNase I is the major nuclease present in biological fluids and is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues. It is responsible for the removal of DNA from nuclear antigens, and consistently with this function, DNase I‐deficient mice show features of autoimmunity. The enzyme seems also to be involved in apoptosis (programmed cell death). We demonstrate that DNase I is internalized by human cells upon binding mannose 6‐phosphate receptor and gains access into the cells. Following internalization of the enzyme, the cells show an increased surface expression of Fas molecule, a key regulator of apoptosis. Here we show that DNase I up‐regulates fas transcription upon interaction with the fas gene promoter. Moreover, overexpression of the DNase I gene in human cells results in a similar modulation of the fas gene expression. Our data provide the first evidence that the endonuclease DNase I behaves as a transcription factor which selectively regulates cell surface Fas expression in human cells and point towards a fundamental role of DNase I in the regulation of the apoptotic machinery.
Complement C1q regulates LPS‐induced cytokine production in bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells
Authors: Yamada Masahide , Oritani Kenji , Kaisho Tsuneyasu , Ishikawa Jun , Yoshida Hitoshi , Takahashi Isao , Kawamoto Shinichirou , Ishida Naoko , Ujiie Hidetoshi , Masaie Hiroaki , Botto Marina , Tomiyama Yoshiaki , Matsuzawa Yuji 
Published: February 2004

AbstractWe show here that C1q suppresses IL‐12p40 production in LPS‐stimulated murine bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMDC). Serum IL‐12p40 concentration of C1q‐deficient mice was higher than that of wild‐type mice after intraperitoneal LPS‐injection. Because neither globular head of C1q (gC1q) nor collagen‐like region of C1q (cC1q) failed to suppress LPS‐induced IL‐12p40 production, both gC1q and cC1q, and/or some specialized conformation of native C1q may be required for the inhibition. While C1q did not affect mRNA expression of Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), MD‐2, and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), BMDC treated with C1q showed the reduced activity of NF‐κB and the delayed phosphorylation of p38, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase, and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase after LPS‐stimulation. CpG oligodeoxynucleotide‐induced IL‐12p40 and TNF‐α production, another MyD88‐dependent TLR‐mediated signal, was also suppressed by C1q treatment. Therefore, C1q is likely to suppress MyD88‐dependent pathway in TLR‐mediated signals. In contrast, C1q failed to suppress colony formation of B cells responding to LPS or LPS‐induced CD40 and CD86 expression on BMDC in MyD88‐deficient mice, indicating that inhibitory effects of C1q on MyD88‐independent pathways may be limited. Taken together, C1q may regulate innate and adaptive immune systems via modification of signalsmediated by interactions between invading pathogens and TLR.
Morphological changes during dendritic cell maturation correlate with cofilin activation and translocation to the cell membrane
Authors: Verdijk Pauline , van Veelen Peter A. , de Ru Arnoud H. , Hensbergen Paul J. , Mizuno Kensaku , Koerten Henk K. , Koning Frits , Tensen Cornelis P. , Mommaas A. Mieke 
Published: February 2004

AbstractUpon activation, tissue residing immature dendritic cells (DC) start to migrate towards the draining lymph node and mature into efficient antigen‐presenting cells. During maturation DC loose their capacity to endocytose antigens, change their surface expression of adhesion molecules, chemokine receptors, and costimulatory molecules, and change morphology. We employed 2D‐PAGE and mass spectrometry to identify additional differentially expressed proteins in immature and mature DC. Human monocyte‐derived DC were matured with LPS and protein expression profiles were compared before andafter maturation. One of the proteins differentially expressed between immature and mature DC was identified as the actin‐binding protein cofilin. We show here that cofilin is dephosphorylated in response to several maturation stimuli (i.e. CD40 ligand, LPS or a combination of TNF‐α and prostaglandin E2). Moreover, dephosphorylated cofilin translocated towards the plasmamembrane during maturation. Importantly, this correlated with an increase in filamentous actin and the appearance of veils, suggesting a role for cofilin in cytoskeletal rearrangements during maturation.
An interaction between CD16 and CR3 enhances iC3b binding to CR3 but is lost during differentiation of monocytes into dendritic cells
Authors: Preynat‐Seauve Olivier , Villiers Christian L. , Jourdan Guillaume , Richard Marie‐Jeanne , Plumas Joël , Favier Alain , Marche Patrice N. , Favrot Marie‐Christine 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe receptor for the iC3b fragment of complement, CR3, is involved in monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils phagocytosis. CR3 is known to interact with the low affinity receptor for Ig (CD16) and previous studies have suggested that this cooperation modulates CR3 functions. Herein we have studied the effect of CD16 on the ability of human monocytes CR3 to bind to iC3b. We show that iC3b binding to CR3 is inhibited by several reagents that are known to dissociate the CD16/CR3 complex. In addition, treatment of monocytes with soluble CD16 inhibited iC3b binding to CR3. Together, these data indicate that iC3b binding to monocyte CR3 is up‐regulated by an interaction between membrane CD16 and CR3. The implication of CD16 in CR3 binding to iC3b was also analyzed after monocyte differentiation into dendritic cells (DC). Differentiation of monocytes into DC abrogates the cooperation between CD16 and CR3, due to a loss of CD16/CR3 interaction. In accordance, this phenomenon is associated with a lack of iC3b binding to DC. As a consequence, deposition of iC3b on apoptotic cells does not modify their phagocytosis by DC. In conclusion, we demonstrate a cooperation between CD16 and CR3 that favors iC3b binding to CR3 but is lost on DC.
Intrahepatic B cell clonal expansions and extrahepatic manifestations of chronic HCV infection
Authors: Sansonno Domenico , Lauletta Gianfranco , De Re Valli , Tucci Felicia Anna , Gatti Pietro , Racanelli Vito , Boiocchi Mauro , Dammacco Franco 
Published: February 2004

AbstractB cell repertoire in three biological compartments (liver, bone marrow and peripheral blood) of 30 unselected patients chronically infected with HCV has been characterized. Restriction of humoral immune response defined by enrichment of B cell clonal expansions occurred in the liver of 15 patients (50%), in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of 2 (6.7%) and 8 (26.7%) patients, respectively. An in situ hybridization technique was developed for the detection of dominant B cell clones in patients with monoclonal expansions. It was shown that morphologically distinct B cell expansion contributes to the formation of intraportal follicle‐like structures. Sequence analyses of CDRH3 gene segments revealed a wide range of variations. Clones derived from the same founder were demonstrated simultaneously in the three compartments explored. The occurrence of B cell clonal expansions profoundly influenced the clinical expression of HCV infection, since it was associated with extrahepatic manifestations. In sharp contrast, no extrahepatic signs or disease occurred in patients without evidence of intrahepatic B cell clonalities. These findings emphasize the profound B cell function derangement in at least half of HCV‐infected patients. Thus, the restriction of V gene usage has a direct impact on the clinical spectrum of HCV infection.
Knocking out IL‐6 by vaccination
Authors: Galle Pia , Hougs Lotte , Barington Torben , Svenson Morten , Svejgaard Arne , Thomsen Allan R. , Bendtzen Klaus , Hansen Morten B. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractInappropriate expression of IL‐6 plays a role in various inflammatory conditions, degenerative diseases, and cancers. Several model systems have been developed that can specifically block IL‐6‐receptor interactions. Here we present a simple and highly effective approach based on vaccination with a pool of specifically mutated IL‐6 analogues to induce a neutralizing IL‐6 antibody responsein mice. Judged by the ability of the analogues to bind to heterologous anti‐IL‐6 antibodies and cellular IL‐6 receptors the IL‐6 analogues seemed to have a three‐dimensional structure comparable to that of wild‐type IL‐6. Injection of them broke self‐tolerance and induced an immune response to IL‐6, presumably because of the amino acid differences between the analogues and wild‐type IL‐6. This resulted in a long‐lasting anti‐IL‐6 antibody‐mediated IL‐6 deficiency that blocked experimentally induced IL‐6‐mediated pathology.
The inhibitory NK cell receptor CD94/NKG2A and the activating receptor CD94/NKG2C bind the top of HLA‐E through mostly shared but partly distinct sets of HLA‐E residues
Authors: Wada Haruka , Matsumoto Naoki , Maenaka Katsumi , Suzuki Kazuhiro , Yamamoto Kazuo 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe human non‐classical MHC class I molecule HLA‐E is a ligand for both an inhibitory NK cell receptor (CD94/NKG2A) and an activating receptor (CD94/NKG2C). To identify HLA‐E surface recognized by both receptors, especially to determine if both receptors recognize the same epitope, we made a series of individually Ala‐substituted HLA‐E proteins and analyzed their binding to CD94/NKG2A orCD94/NKG2C. Eight HLA‐E mutations that significantly impaired HLA‐E binding to CD94/NKG2A are all found in the top of α1/α2 domain of HLA‐E. These results suggest that CD94/NKG2A binds a HLA‐E surface equivalent to a NKG2D binding site on MICA. Of the eight mutations that impaired HLA‐E binding to CD94/NKG2A, six significantly impaired HLA‐E binding to CD94/NKG2C suggesting that CD94/NKG2C also binds a similar surface of HLA‐E. Unexpectedly, the two HLA‐E mutations (D69A and H155A) selectively abrogated HLA‐E binding to CD94/NKG2A, not largely affected CD94/NKG2C. These results indicate that a mostly shared, but partly distinct set of HLA‐E residues is discriminated by the two receptors.
Aggregation of MHC class I molecules on a CD8+ α β T cell clone specifically inhibits non‐antigen‐specific lysis of target cells
Authors: Caparrós Esther , de Heredia A. Beltrán , Carpio Emilio , Sancho David , Aguado Enrique , Aparicio Pedro 
Published: February 2004

AbstractMHC class I molecules are target molecules recognized by TCR or NK receptors encoded in the NK gene cluster or leukocyte receptor cluster. We show that aggregation of MHC class I molecules by specific monoclonal antibodies on cytotoxic T cells, inhibits the anti‐CD94 redirected lysis of P815. This inhibition is not the consequence of apoptosis or anergy of the cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Incontrast, aggregation of MHC class I molecules does not inhibit either the anti‐CD3 redirected cytotoxicity or the CD94‐triggered up‐regulation of CD25 molecules of the same T cell clone. MHC classI ligand molecules expressed by antigen presenting cells and/or T lymphocytes could therefore be able to modulate nonspecific cytotoxicity upon interaction with MHC class I molecules expressed by effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Characterization of MHC‐ and TCR‐binding residues of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 38–51 peptide
Authors: Petersen Troels R. , Bettelli Estelle , Sidney John , Sette Alessandro , Kuchroo Vijay , Bäckström B. Thomas 
Published: February 2004

AbstractMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a major experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) antigen in H‐2b mice and a potential autoantigen in multiple sclerosis. How well MOG peptides bind to MHC and how TCR recognize the peptide/MHC complex have important implications for thymic selection as well as T cell activation in the periphery. In this study, we have characterized amino acids in the MOG38–51 peptide important for peptide binding to I‐Ab, and for TCR recognition of the peptide/MHC complex. We found that the amino acids R41, F44, R46 and V47 constituted the major TCR contact residues, as alanine substitution at these positions abrogated T cell responses without decreasing their binding affinity to I‐Ab. In addition, G38 andW39 were found to be minor TCR contact residues. Finally, substituting tyrosine for alanine at position 40 decreased binding to I‐Ab by approximately 50% and prevented induction of T cell responses in C57BL/6J mice upon immunization. Thus, Y40 is the dominant MHC‐binding residue of the MOG38–51 peptide and most likely occupies the p1 pocket of I‐Ab. Our results could be useful to design peptides with altered agretopes and epitopes of the MOG38–51 peptide to study their therapeutic potential in the EAE model.
Non‐parametric–parametric model for random uncertainties in non‐linear structural dynamics: application to earthquake engineering
Authors: Desceliers Christophe , Soize Christian , Cambier Simon 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis paper deals with the transient response of a non‐linear dynamical system with random uncertainties. The non‐parametric probabilistic model of random uncertainties recently published and extended to non‐linear dynamical system analysis is used in order to model random uncertainties related to the linear part of the finite element model. The non‐linearities are due to restoring forces whose parameters are uncertain and are modeled by the parametric approach. Jayne's maximum entropy principle with the constraints defined by the available information allows the probabilistic model of such random variables to be constructed. Therefore, a non‐parametric–parametric formulation is developed in order to model all the sources of uncertainties in such a non‐linear dynamical system. Finally, a numerical application for earthquake engineering analysis is proposed concerning a reactor cooling system under seismic loads. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Earthquake behavior of structures with copper energy dissipators
Authors: De la Llera Juan C. , Esguerra Carlos , Almazán José L. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe earthquake behavior of structures with supplemental copper dampers is evaluated in this study. The investigation is divided into two parts: (i) an experimental work with seven pairs of hourglass copper dampers of different aspect ratios and side profiles; and (ii) a parametric study of 6‐, 12‐, and 25‐story planar structures with elastic as well as inelastic behavior in the primary structure and copper dampers. The copper used in this study is electrolytic tough pitch (ETP) copper C11000; probably the most commonly used of all coppers; ductile, with a low‐yield, and highly resistant to corrosion. Experimental results demonstrate that all copper plates reached stable angular distortions of the order of γ=25%, which implies transverse distortions in the devices larger than 40mm. The behavior of the devices is highly dependent on the aspect ratio of the plate, h/t, and a recommendation is made to use plates in the range 11 h/t≤18. Plates beyond this range exhibit either large stress and strain concentrations in the neck of the device or a strong influence of axial deformations in their cyclic behavior. The inelastic earthquake response of structures with such devices shows that drift reduction factors of the order of 30 to 40% can be achieved with reasonably economic designs. It is also shown that the efficiency of these devices depends on the soil conditions and flexibility of the primary structure. Finally, it is concluded that supplemental copper dampers are a good alternative for drift reduction in a wide range of structural layouts, ranging from coupled shear‐wall systems to moment‐resisting frames, and for impulsive as well as non‐impulsive ground motions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating the seismic displacement of friction pendulum isolators based on non‐linear response history analysis
Authors: Ryan Keri L. , Chopra Anil K. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA procedure for developing equations that estimate the isolator displacement due to strong ground motion is applied to buildings isolated with the friction pendulum system. The resulting design equations, based on rigorous non‐linear analysis, offer an alternative to the iterative equivalent‐linear methods used by current U.S. building codes. The governing equations of the system are reduced to a form such that the median normalized displacement of the system due to an ensemble of ground motions is found to depend on only the isolation period—a function of the curvature of the isolator—and the friction force at incipient slip normalized by peak ground velocity. The normalization is effective in minimizing the dispersion of the normalized displacement for an ensemble of ground motions, implying that the median normalized displacement is a reliable estimate of response. The design equations reflect the significant (20 to 38%) increase in displacement when the excitation includes two lateral components of ground motion instead of just one component. Equivalent‐linear methods are shown to underestimate by up to 30% the exact median displacement determined by non‐linear response history analysis for one component of ground motion, and building codes include at most a 4.4% increase for a second component. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.