bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrient and food group intakes of the Korean preschoolers according to growth status
Authors: Kang Minji , Shim Jae Eun , Paik Hee‐Young 
Published: November 2023

Dietary habits such as nutrient and food intake are one of the most important factors for growth status, especially in early childhood population. This study was conducted to compare the intakes of nutrients and food groups in according to the growth status using data from national survey. The study included 1,665 subjects aged 2–5 years with 24h diet recall and anthropometric data who participated in the 2009–2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Growth status of children was assessed by weight for height (WFH) and height for age (HFA). Children were classified into three groups based on the percentiles of children's WFH and HFA compared to 15th and 85th percentiles of the WHO Child Growth Standard 2 to 5 years. The nutrient and food group intake were compared according to growth status adjusted for potentially confounding variables. In total, 4.2% children were classified as the low WFH group (<15th percentile) and 25.2% children were classified as the high WFH group (≥85th percentile). The low WFH group consumed significantly lower intake of several micronutrients such as sodium, thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin C, compared with the high WFH group. When compared the food group intake according to the WFH status, cereals and fruits intake were lower and nuts & seeds and fishes & shellfishes were higher in the low WFH group than in the high WFH group. In total, 14.0% children were classified as the low HFA group (<15th percentile) and 10.7% children were classified as the high HFA group (≥85th percentile). The low HFA group had a significantly lower intake of energy and iron, compared with the high HFA group. No significant differences in food group intake according to the HFA status. Further studies are needed to assess the effects of eating habits on the growth and health in Korean early childhood population.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning(grant no. 2013R1A1A2057600)
Fatty acid composition in feeds and plasma of Canadian premature infants
Authors: Friel James , Mackay Dylan , Hossain Zakir 
Published: November 2023

The objective of this exploratory study was to investigate how the fatty acid (FA) composition of different food sources for preterm infants including: breast milk (BM), formula (F), human milk fortifiers (HMFs) and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) impacted preterm infant's plasma FA. The associations between FA content of plasma with antioxidant enzyme activity and cognition were also evaluated.MethodsThirty‐two premature infants were included in this study. Five different feeds (BM, F, BM + F, BM + HMF and TPN) were provided. Foods and preterm infant plasma samples were collected at the same time on the same day biweekly where possible. Separation and identification of the plasma and food FA methyl esters were performed by gas‐liquid chromatography. Antioxidant enzymes were measured. The Bayley Scale of Infant Development version III was used to evaluate cognition.ResultsIn food sources, BM contained significantly lower oleic acid (C18:1n9) (p<0.01), linoleic acid (C18:2n6) (p<0.01), a‐linoleic acid (C18:3n3) (p<0.01), arachidonic acid (AA) (C20:4n6) (p<0.05) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (C22:6n3) (p<0.05) compared with the F. Palmitic acid (C16:0) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the BM + HMF compared with the BM. Stearic acid (C18:0) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the BM + F and BM + HMF compared with the BM. In the plasma lauric acid (C12:0) (p<0.05) and myristic acid (C14:0) (p<0.001) were higher in the BM fed babies compared to the F and TPN fed groups. Antioxidant enzymes, activities and cognition scores did not differ by feeding groups, however the study may not have been powered to detect these differences.ConclusionThe type, and therefore quality, of fatty acids that are fed to premature infants is an important consideration as differences in feed fatty acids were seen in some plasma fatty acids in the study.Support or Funding InformationCIHR
PreliminaryData From an Evidence‐Based Nutrition Education and Cooking Family Meals Program for Moderately Low‐Income Families with Children Aged 4–10 Years Old
Authors: Rogers Catherine Ann , Pratt Keeley , Kennel Julie , Gunther Carolyn 
Published: November 2023

Background & ObjectiveFamily meals have become a growing area of research due to the potential positive impact on child diet and weight status. Despite this, relatively few efforts have been made to design and test evidence‐based interventions rooted in theory to equip families – particularly those with school aged children and in economic need – with the necessary resources to overcome barriers to establishing healthy mealtime routines. The objective of this study was to design, implement, and assess the feasibility and limited effectiveness of a 10‐week, evidence‐based nutrition education and cooking family meals intervention (Simple Suppers) aligned with the Social Cognitive Theory and aimed at instilling healthy family meal time routines for improved child diet quality and weight status.MethodsThe SS program includes 10 weekly lessons delivered over the dinner hour and targets moderately low‐income families with children aged 4–10 yrs. The interactive program aims to instill positive eating behaviors through skill building, role modeling, facilitation, and goal‐setting. Lesson components include: parent education on strategies to overcome barriers to family meals; child education that engages children in hands on food preparation; and group family meal. SS, a multiple cohort (3) study, was implemented as a pre‐ and post‐test quasi‐experimental design with waitlist control at a city‐wide faith‐based community center in Columbus, OH. The primary study outcomes included child BMI z‐score and biometrics (systolic and diastolic blood pressure), as well as family meal frequency and related variables (weekly frequency of meals offered at home (dinner and breakfast) and fast food meal purchases), which were assessed at baseline, 10 week post‐test, and 20 week follow‐up through home visits with participants.ResultsBaseline assessments were completed on cohorts 1 and 2 (81 families). Among child participants, 70% were female and 66.3% were African American. Twenty eight percent of child participants were 4–5 yr, 48% 608 yr, and 24% 9–10 yr. Mean (SD) child BMI z‐score was 0.72 (0.12). Mean (SD) baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 1.38 (1.3) and 1.17 (1.3), respectively. Among caretaker participants, 82.7% worked full‐ or part‐time and 56.4% graduated from college. Mean (SD) baseline weekly frequency of family dinners per week was 3.7 (1.08), breakfast was 2.6 (1.29), and fast food was 3.8 (0.84). Post‐test and follow‐up data will be collected in winter 2015 and spring 2016.ConclusionResults from this study will be utilized to determine the limited effectiveness of a community‐based family meals intervention to improve child diet quality and weight status, which may inform the design of future scale‐up studies.Support or Funding InformationCardinal Health FoundationThe Ohio State University, Department of Human Sciences Seed Grant
Effect of Prospera program in nutritional status in its beneficiaries in San Luis Potosi state, Mexico
Authors: Nasu Lucia Cuevas , Shamah‐Levy Teresa , Gaona‐Pineda Elsa Berenice , Mendez‐Gomez Ignacio 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveAssessing the impact in nutritional status on Prospera program beneficiaries versus non‐beneficiaries, in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Fourteen months after its implementation.MethodsA comparative study was done in two follow‐ups with a panel data. The target population was integrated by Prospera beneficiaries (n=390) and a control group (n=354 children non‐beneficiaries). The stunting, low weight and wasting (<‐2 SD of z‐score) prevalence's were obtained according to OMS 2006, and the BMI z‐score was calculated (> plus 2 SD of z‐score). In order to assessing the effect of the intervention the Difference‐in‐Differences method combined with kernel matching and Epanechnikov function were used, the estimation of standard errors was done using Bootstrap method.ResultsProspera shown a weak protector effect (p‐value 0.191) in low weight‐for‐height, this is to say a decrease in wasting prevalence was observed related with control group who has shown an increase by the end of the study. In contrast, a positive impact on obesity prevalence in beneficiaries versus non‐beneficiaries (p‐value 0.077) was found.ConclusionsProspera program has a small but positive effect in the decreasing of current malnutrition and obesity and its containment. It is imperative redouble efforts in Prospera program, given the harmful effects on health and capability development to eradicate malnutrition in San Luis Potosí in years to come.Support or Funding InformationSupported by FOMIX, SLP‐COPOCYTProject: FMSLP‐213‐CO2‐208475
Therapeutic nutritional effect of regular ingestion of non‐caloric sweeteners over regular ingestion of sucrose
Authors: Contreras Irazu , Diaz‐Sanchez Ariel Job , Gonzalez‐Rangel Jessica , Guzman‐Frias Noe , Sanchez‐Delgado Marcela , Estrada Jose Antonio 
Published: November 2023

This study evaluated the nutritional effects of regular ingestion of non‐caloric sweeteners over ingestion of sucrose, since presently these products are used not only as a therapeutic tool for non‐communicable diseases with the purpose to control body weight, but are also consumed in the daily diet without having precise knowledge of their benefits or risks. In order to determine if ingestion of non‐caloric sweeteners provides an increased benefit in reduction of weight and body fat percentage compared to ingestion of sucrose, we applied 240 validated sweetener intake self‐report questionnaires, where we found that non‐caloric sweetener are regularly ingested in beverages and industrialized foods, without consumers knowing it. Subsequently, 48 subjects under nutritional supervision were asked to ingest non‐caloric sweeteners for 4 weeks. Subjects were divided into three groups of 16 individuals each: sucralose, steviol glycosides and sucrose. 27 subjects completed the protocol (11 sucralose, 12 steviol glycosides and 8 sucrose). All subjects had a customized diet, according to individual needs. We concluded that ingestion of the commercial non‐caloric sweeteners stevia and sucralose can lead to a decrease in body weight when individuals are under nutritional supervision, although the individuals who ingested sucrose under nutritional monitoring showed no significant change, neither in their final weight nor in body fat percentage. Our results suggest that sweetener intake, promotes reduction in body weight and body fat under controlled conditions. It would be important to determine the effect of sweetener intake in humans without nutritional supervision.Support or Funding InformationConsejo Mexiquense de Ciencia y Tecnologia
Characterization of Fatty Acid and Mineral Composition of Selected Seeds, Nuts and Oils in Tanzania
Authors: Valentini Kelly , Jumbe Theresia , Pickens Austin , Adjepong Mary , Li Wei , Kinabo Joyce , Fenton Jenifer 
Published: November 2023

Fatty acids (FA) and minerals have crucial roles in growth and development. These nutrients can be found in seeds, nuts and oils. However, Tanzanian diets are mainly starchy and cereal‐based with the intake of fats below recommended levels. Tanzania is the home to several seeds, nuts and oils but the FA profiles and mineral level of these foods are poorly described. Additionally, dietary intake of fats and oils in many Tanzanian meals is typically low due to the cost associated with meat and refined oil. Therefore it is prudent to identify potential low‐cost dietary alternatives that provide similar nutritional benefits. The objective of this study was to identify fatty acid composition of several seeds, nuts, and oils available in Kilosa, Tanzania, which can be incorporated in children's diets based on their nutrient content. Four types of seeds and three oils commonly found in the area were analyzed for their fatty acid composition by gas chromatography (GC‐MS) using selected ion monitoring for enhanced sensitivity. Then, seeds were digested with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in a microwave and mineral levels were detected with atomic absorption spectroscopy. Concentrations of fatty acids and minerals are reported as mg/g food grade oil or amount of freeze‐dried seed material, respectively. A substantial amount of linoleic acid (essential fatty acid) was found in sunflower oil (10.52mg/g) and pumpkin seeds (12.31mg/g). Further, red palm oil (8.95mg/g) and pumpkin seeds (5.30mg/g) had substantial amounts of oleic acid. Higher values of saturated fatty acids were found in coconut (3.52mg/g), red palm oil (7.49mg/g) and a commercial vegetable oil (7.43mg/g). The most abundant mineral was potassium in oyster nut (2.13mg/g), pumpkin seeds (3.40mg/g) and coconut (3.20mg/g). Pumpkin seeds with shells had higher iron levels (0.11mg/g) compared to seeds without shells (0.08mg/g). These seeds and oils are thus good sources of the essential fatty acids as well as other fatty acid and minerals which are important for proper growth and development. Thus recommendations on how they can be incorporated both in the diets and as snacks in this population can be made based on their nutrient content.Support or Funding InformationThis study was funded by iAGRI/USAID.
Front‐of‐Pack Labelling is Positively Associated With Degree of Product Processing and Innovation
Authors: Christoforou Anthea , Tarasuk Valerie 
Published: November 2023

Front‐of‐pack nutritional labelling is pervasive in the North American grocery channel. This labelling is voluntary and existing research has shown nutritional quality to be a weak predictor of its use by manufacturers. Insofar as Front‐of‐pack nutritional references influence consumer purchasing, better understanding of what drives this practice by manufacturers is needed.Our goal was to elucidate the conditions under which manufacturers display nutritional assertions and claims such as ‘natural’ and organic. Specifically, we examined how these Front‐of‐pack references relate to the degree of food processing and to product innovation, considering the labelling on foods designed explicitly as substitutes for traditional counterparts. Front‐of‐pack labelling was recorded from all packaged foods (n=20520 unique products) in 3 major Toronto grocery stores, representing 71% of the total Canadian retail market‐share. All foods were coded for degree of processing using the International Food Information Council's classification system, and further categorized as substitute or traditional counterparts if these had 1) immediate interchangeability within the diet and 2) inherently different formulation (e.g. butter and margarine). Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between the extent and nature of Front‐of‐pack references and product processing. 41% of products had some Front‐of‐pack nutritional labelling, 20% were labelled as ‘natural’, and 7% were labelled as organic. Highly processed, ready‐to‐eat products comprised 37% of our sample and half bore nutritional references. These products were more likely than less processed foods to bear organic (OR=1.12 95%CI:1.02, 1.41), ‘natural’ (OR=1.56 95%CI:1.39, 1.75), and nutritional references (OR=1.86 95%CI: 1.70, 2.05), and to make references to the absence or reduction in negative nutrients (OR= 4.03 95%CI:3.52, 4.62) (e.g. sodium, trans fat). Foods identified as substitutes for traditional foods were much more likely than other products to have Front‐of‐pack labels (OR=2.91 95%CI:2.55, 3.32), and to make reference to vitamin or mineral formulations (OR= 2.20 95%CI:1.91, 2.54). Within substitute pairs, substitutes were 2.2 times more likely than their traditional counterparts to have Front‐of‐pack nutritional labels. Taken together, these findings raise questions about the extent to which Front‐of‐pack labelling serves to complement corresponding public health efforts to improve dietary intakes of whole, fresh foods and lend support to calls for a mandatory, standardized system of Front‐of‐pack labelling across all prepackaged foods.Support or Funding InformationCanadian Institutes of Health Research Operating Grant (MOP ‐102655)
A Qualitative Study of Factors Related to Cardiometabolic Risk in Rural Men
Authors: Graham Meredith L , Morgan Emily H , Seguin Rebecca A 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundRural men are known to have poor health behaviors, which contribute to their elevated burden of cardiometabolic disorders in the United States. Although regular physical activity, healthy eating, and avoiding tobacco can reduce cardiometabolic risk, little is known about how to engage rural men in health promotion programs. To bridge this gap in evidence, we investigate knowledge of modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors among rural men in the western United States, identify their concerns related to heart health and motivation to reduce risk, and explore individual, social, and community‐level influences on heart‐healthy behaviors.MethodsWe conducted seven focus groups with 54 sedentary, overweight/obese men aged 43–88 residing in government‐designated “medically underserved” rural Montana towns in September and October 2014. All sessions were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were coded and analyzed thematically using Nvivo software. Participants also completed a brief questionnaire about personal characteristics and health behaviors. These data were explored descriptively.ResultsDespite their weight and activity status, no participants reported to be in poor health. Many men described health relative to self‐reliance and the ability to participate in outdoor recreation; concern with health appeared to be related to age. Participants were generally knowledgeable of heart‐healthy behaviors, but many felt fatalistic about their own risk. Catalysts for behavior change included a serious medical event in the household and desire to reduce aging‐associated functional decline. Barriers to adopting and maintaining healthy eating and physical activity habits and abstaining from tobacco included normative beliefs around masculinity and individual liberty, the limited social universe of small towns, winter weather, time constraints, and preferences for unhealthy foods. Facilitators included behavioral self‐monitoring, exercising with a partner, and opportunities for preferred activities.ConclusionsThese findings provide important insight about influences on rural men's health behaviors and provide guidance for possible intervention strategies to promote cardiometabolic health.Support or Funding InformationStrong Hearts, Healthy Communities is funded by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Grant Number: R01 HL120702
Food Label Use is associated with Dietary Quality and Dietary Patterns among Latinos with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: SAMUEL GRACE KOLLANNOOR , Segura‐Pérez Sofia , Shebl Fatma M , Hawley Nicola , Damio Grace , Chhabra Jyoti , Vega‐López Sonia , Fernandez Maria Luz , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundDiet management is one of the cornerstones of type 2 diabetes care. Therefore, food label (FL) use is likely to be key in helping individuals with type 2 diabetes in making healthier food choices.ObjectiveThe aims of the study were to identify 1) determinants of FL use, and 2) the association between FL use and diet among Latinos with type 2 diabetes.MethodsSecondary analyses of baseline data from Latino adults (N=203) with type 2 diabetes and a HbA1c ≥7% who participated in the DIALBEST randomized controlled trial were conduted. Dietary quality was measured using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)‐2010 score calculated from a single 24hr recall. Dietary patterns were derived from the past 12 months’ dietary intake assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). FL use was self‐reported. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent determinants associated with FL use. Quantile regressions were conducted between FL use and HEI‐2010 (from 10th to 90th percentiles). Additionally, median regression was carried out to examine the association between FL use and dietary patterns’ factor scores.ResultsRespondent's education level, diabetes‐related knowledge and English speaking were positively associated with FL use. Whereas at lower percentiles (10th to 70th) FL use was not associatied with improved dietary quality, this association was statistically significant in the 80th (p=0.004) and 90th (p<0.001) percentiles. Similarly, FFQ data suggested that FL users were more likely to follow a “healthy dietary pattern” (p=0.003) and less likely to follow a “fried snacks pattern” (p=0.048) compared to non‐FL users.ConclusionFL use was associated with improved dietary intake in participants with type 2 diabetes. FL‐based educational interventions may reduce the prevailing racial/ethnic health disparities among Latinos with type 2 diabetes.Support or Funding InformationThis study was funded by the Connecticut NIH Export Center for Eliminating Health Disparities among Latinos (NIH‐ NCMHD grant # P20MD001765)
Anemia Prevalence and Hemoglobin Concentrations Improve in Young Children After 6 Months of Supplementation with a 21 Micronutrient‐Fortified Cereal and Legume Premix in a Rural Community in Retalhuleu, Guatemala
Authors: Reinhart Gregory A , Palacios Ana M , de Ponce Silvia , Alfonso Victor 
Published: November 2023

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a community‐based nutrition intervention using a fortified corn and soy premix on the reduction of anemia and improvement in hemoglobin concentrations in 6 to 76 month old children that live in Santa Cruz Muluá, a rural community in Retalhuleu, Guatemala. The children were provided a daily serving of an atole, Chispuditos®, fortified with 21 vitamins and minerals containing 12 mg iron via iron glycinate, 0.5 mg pyridoxine, 160 mg folic acid, 0.9 mcg vitamin B12, and 40 mg vitamin C. Children were screened and invited to participate in the nutrition program if they had height‐for‐age Z score (HAZ) <‐1SD and if parents agreed to participate and signed an informed consent. A total of 588 children were identified and received a daily portion of 18.75g of dry product that was mixed with either milk or water and consumed as a beverage. Hemoglobin concentrations were determined prior to and after 6 months of receiving the nutritional intervention. At baseline, close to half of the children suffered from anemia (43.3%), and after 6 months the prevalence of anemia decreased to 36.7%, p<0.001. Furthermore, mean hemoglobin concentrations significantly improved from 10.8 g/dL to 11.4g/dL, p<0.001. A mild but non‐significant improvement was observed in mean HAZ (−2.38 to −2.31SD, p=0.293) and mean weight‐for‐height Z scores (−0.10 to −0.07, p=0.680). Chispuditos, a well‐accepted and culturally appropriate method of providing micronutrients to children at risk of developing micronutrient deficiencies in this community in Retalhuleu, Guatemala, has proven effective in reducing anemia and improving hemoglobin concentrations in this population within 6 months.Support or Funding InformationThis project is sponsored by The Mathile Institute for the Advancement of Human Nutrition