МТС И РАЙОННЫЕ ОРГАНЫ ВЛАСТИ ЗАПАДНО-СИБИРСКОГО КРАЯ В 1930-1937 ГГ.: ПРОБЛЕМЫ ВЗАИМООТНОШЕНИЙ
Authors: ЛАПЕРДИН В.Б. 
Published: January 2025

В статье рассматривается динамика взаимоотношений руководства машинно-тракторных станций и районных органов власти в Западно-Сибирском крае в 1930-1937 гг. Автор в этом процессе выделяет три этапа. Первый этап определяется с момента организации станций до появления в них политотделов в 1933 г., характеризуется встраиванием МТС в систему районного управления сельским хозяйством. Анализируются и обусловленные этим процессом конфликты дирекции станций с руководством районных организаций. Второй этап связан с функционированием политотделов МТС и разделением власти между ними и районной партийно-хозяйственной номенклатурой. Для третьего этапа, начавшегося с 1935 г., характерна подчиненная роль дирекции МТС по отношению к райкомам, выстраивание между ними здоровых рабочих отношений и вместе с тем возникновение конфликтных ситуаций.
The article describes relationship between MTS (machine tractor station) and regional authorities using the example of West Siberian region in 1930s, and points out three main stages of the relationship, with each having its own characteristics. The first stage began with the organization of MTS in 1929 and ended with the creation of political departments within them in 1933. This was the period of formation of the MTS network as a new unique economic structure that did not previously exist in Soviet countryside. Contrary to the directives from above, district authorities did not immediately determine the boundaries of their power in relation to the stations. This is partly due to the local “culture of power” and the desire of the leadership of the region to control all economic and political structures in territory accountable to them. In turn, directors of MTS did not miss an opportunity to declare their rights to power over collective farms included in the zone of activity of their organizations. In such conflicts, state itself is primarily to blame for not clearly delineating boundaries of competences of stations directorate and regional authorities. This omission had to be corrected in the course of building MTS network. The second stage, from the beginning of 1933 to the end of 1934, was determined by the functioning of MTS political departments. Along with directorate, they replaced district authorities, becoming the main conductors of state policy in collective farms served by the stations. Such confrontation was met with hostility by local authorities, which resulted in numerous conflicts between them and political departments representing interests of MTS. The system of dual power could not function effectively and be maintained for a prolonged period of time. Having overcome the crisis in agriculture, the state decided to abolish political departments, ultimately giving its preference to traditional local governments. The last, third stage began in 1935 and was characterized by natural relations between MTS and local authorities, in which MTS had an important economic role, which determined development of the region’s agriculture, while local authorities carried out general political leadership. However, this did not exclude individual conflicts.