bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of PRE‐DELIRIC and E‐PRE‐DELIRIC in a Danish population of intensive care unit patients—A prospective observational multicenter study
Authors: Anton Joseph Neeliya , Poulsen Lone Musaeus , Maagaard Mathias , Tholander Simon , Pedersen Helle Birgitte Scharling , Georgi‐Jensen Charlotte , Mathiesen Ole , Andersen‐Ranberg Nina C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundDelirium is a clinical condition characterized by an acute change in brain function and is frequently observed in critically ill patients. The condition has been associated with negative outcomes, making it crucial to identify patients who are at risk. Two recent prediction models have been developed to estimate the risk of delirium in intensive care unit (ICU) patients; the prediction model for delirium (PRE‐DELIRIC) and the early prediction model for delirium (E‐PRE‐DELIRIC). We aimed to perform an external validation of these models in a Danish cohort of critically ill patients.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, observational multicenter study to validate the PRE‐DELIRIC and E‐PRE‐DELIRIC models in a population of patients admitted to four general ICUs in the Zealand Region of Denmark. From January 2022 to January 2023 all adult patients acutely admitted to the participating ICUs were assessed for eligibility. Patients had to be admitted to the ICU for >24 h to be included in the study. Included patients were screened with E‐PRE‐DELIRIC upon ICU admission and PRE‐DELIRIC after 24 h of admission and followed throughout their ICU stay with CAM‐ICU delirium assessments. Our primary outcomes were the prognostic accuracy measured by Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (AUROC) and the calibration plot for the E‐PRE‐DELIRIC and PRE‐DELIRIC prediction models.ResultsWe included 660 patients, of whom 660 were assessed with E‐PRE‐DELIRIC, and 622 were assessed with PRE‐DELIRIC. PRE‐DELIRIC showed acceptable discrimination with AUROC of 0.70 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.74) and good calibration. E‐PRE‐DELIRIC had inadequate discrimination AUROC of 0.63 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.67) and poor calibration.ConclusionIn a Danish cohort, we found that the PRE‐DELIRIC model demonstrated acceptable performance and E‐PRE‐DELIRIC demonstrated poor performance. In critically ill adult patients PRE‐DELIRIC may be useful in identifying patients at high risk of delirium.
SIRT2 transgenic over‐expression does not impact lifespan in mice
Authors: Wu Lindsay E. , Fiveash Corrine E. , Bentley Nicholas L. , Kang Myung‐Jin , Govindaraju Hemna , Barbour Jayne A. , Wilkins Brendan P. , Hancock Sarah E. , Madawala Romanthi , Das Abhijit , Massudi Hassina , Li Catherine , Kim Lynn‐Jee , Wong Ashley S. A. , Marinova Maria B. , Sultani Ghazal , Das Abhirup , Youngson Neil A. , Le Couteur David G. , Sinclair David A. , Turner Nigel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe NAD+‐dependent deacylase family of sirtuin enzymes have been implicated in biological ageing, late‐life health and overall lifespan, though of these members, a role for sirtuin‐2 (SIRT2) is less clear. Transgenic overexpression of SIRT2 in the BubR1 hypomorph model of progeria can rescue many aspects of health and increase overall lifespan, due to a specific interaction between SIRT2 and BubR1 that improves the stability of this protein. It is less clear whether SIRT2 is relevant to biological ageing outside of a model where BubR1 is under‐expressed. Here, we sought to test whether SIRT2 over‐expression would impact the overall health and lifespan of mice on a nonprogeroid, wild‐type background. While we previously found that SIRT2 transgenic overexpression prolonged female fertility, here, we did not observe any additional impact on health or lifespan, which was measured in both male and female mice on standard chow diets, and in males challenged with a high‐fat diet. At the biochemical level, NMR studies revealed an increase in total levels of a number of metabolites in the brain of SIRT2‐Tg animals, pointing to a potential impact in cell composition; however, this did not translate into functional differences. Overall, we conclude that strategies to enhance SIRT2 protein levels may not lead to increased longevity.
Stock market liquidity during crisis periods: Australian evidence
Authors: Smales Lee A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLiquidity is an important characteristic of financial markets, affecting portfolio decisions and priced risk. During periods of market turmoil, such as occurs during financial crisis, investors have an elevated need for cash and so understanding how liquidity differs during those periods is important. We examine how stock market liquidity was impacted by two crises with distinct origins, the global financial crisis (GFC) and the COVID‐pandemic. Our sample includes the S&P/ASX200 constituents for the period January 2005–December 2020. We find that the Australian stock market is less liquid during both crisis periods; spreads are wider, depth is lower, and price impact is larger (stock prices move a lot in response to small amounts of volume). Although the magnitude of the liquidity change is greater at the onset of COVID, the duration of the impact is longer during the GFC, resulting in a larger average effect. While trading volume declines during the GFC, it increases during COVID. Our results are robust to alternate liquidity proxies, methodologies and crisis period identification, and generally applicable across stock sectors.
Dynamics of food demand during political instability: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Kimsanova Barchynai , Sanaev Golib , Herzfeld Thomas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study assesses the impact of two revolutions—the Tulip Revolution in 2005 and the Melon Revolution in 2010—on household food demand in Kyrgyzstan. Different categories within food products witnessed distinct adjustments in consumer demand. Employing a complete demand system and seemingly unrelated regressions with nationally representative panel data, we find that household food demand fluctuates based on pre‐conflict expectations. Despite declining total food expenditure during the first revolution and increasing in the second, the expenditure shares for staples and luxuries display heterogeneous trajectories. Food preferences shifted toward luxuries during the first revolution and staples during the second. Our findings underscore the necessity of a disaggregated perspective in understanding conflict‐induced shocks on food demand.
A phase 2 open‐label extension study of prekallikrein inhibition with donidalorsen for hereditary angioedema
Authors: Petersen Remy S. , Bordone Laura , Riedl Marc A. , Tachdjian Raffi , Craig Timothy J. , Lumry William R. , Manning Michael E. , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Raasch Jason , Zuraw Bruce L. , Deng Yiwen , Newman Kenneth B. , Alexander Veronica J. , Lui Cindy , Schneider Eugene , Cohn Danny M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundHereditary angioedema (HAE) is a potentially fatal disease characterized by unpredictable, recurrent, often disabling swelling attacks. In a randomized phase 2 study, donidalorsen reduced HAE attack frequency and improved patient quality‐of‐life (ISIS721744‐CS2, NCT04030598). We report the 2‐year interim analysis of the phase 2 open‐label extension (OLE) study (ISIS 721744‐CS3, NCT04307381).MethodsIn the OLE, the on‐treatment study period consisted of fixed (weeks 1–13, donidalorsen 80 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks [Q4W]) and flexible (weeks 17–105, donidalorsen 80 mg Q4W, 80 mg every 8 weeks [Q8W], or 100 mg Q4W) dosing periods. The primary outcome was incidence and severity of treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs). The secondary outcomes included efficacy, pharmacodynamic, and quality‐of‐life assessments.ResultsSeventeen patients continued in the OLE study. No serious TEAEs or TEAEs leading to treatment discontinuation were reported. Mean monthly HAE attack rate was 96% lower than the study run‐in baseline rate (mean, 0.06/month; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02–0.10; median, 0.04 on‐treatment vs. mean, 2.70/month; 95% CI, 1.94–3.46; median, 2.29 at baseline). Mean monthly attack rate for Q8W dosing (n = 8) was 0.29 (range, 0.0–1.7; 95% CI, −0.21 to 0.79; median, 0.00). Mean plasma prekallikrein and D‐dimer concentrations decreased, and Angioedema Quality of Life Questionnaire total score improved from baseline to week 105 with donidalorsen.ConclusionThe 2‐year interim results of this phase 2 OLE study of donidalorsen in patients with HAE demonstrated no new safety signals; donidalorsen was well tolerated. There was durable efficacy with a 96% reduction in HAE attacks.
The ATR inhibitor elimusertib exhibits anti‐lymphoma activity and synergizes with the PI3K inhibitor copanlisib
Authors: Sartori Giulio , Tarantelli Chiara , Spriano Filippo , Gaudio Eugenio , Cascione Luciano , Mascia Michele , Barreca Marilia , Arribas Alberto J. , Licenziato Luca , Golino Gaetanina , Ferragamo Adele , Pileri Stefano , Damia Giovanna , Zucca Emanuele , Stathis Anastasios , Politz Oliver , Wengner Antje M. , Bertoni Francesco 
Published: November 2023

SummaryThe DNA damage response (DDR) is the cellular process of preserving an intact genome and is often deregulated in lymphoma cells. The ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3‐related (ATR) kinase is a crucial factor of DDR in the response to DNA single‐strand breaks. ATR inhibitors are agents that have shown considerable clinical potential in this context. We characterized the activity of the ATR inhibitor elimusertib (BAY 1895344) in a large panel of lymphoma cell lines. Furthermore, we evaluated its activity combined with the clinically approved PI3K inhibitor copanlisib in vitro and in vivo. Elimusertib exhibits potent anti‐tumour activity across various lymphoma subtypes, which is associated with the expression of genes related to replication stress, cell cycle regulation and, as also sustained by CRISPR Cas9 experiments, CDKN2A loss. In several tumour models, elimusertib demonstrated widespread anti‐tumour activity stronger than ceralasertib, another ATR inhibitor. This activity is present in both DDR‐proficient and DDR‐deficient lymphoma models. Furthermore, a combination of ATR and PI3K inhibition by treatment with elimusertib and copanlisib has in vitro and in vivo anti‐tumour activity, providing a potential new treatment option for lymphoma patients.
Incorporating soil knowledge into machine‐learning prediction of soil properties from soil spectra
Authors: Ma Yuxin , Minasny Budiman , Demattê José A. M. , McBratney Alex B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractVarious machine‐learning models have been extensively applied to predict soil properties using infrared spectroscopy. Beyond the interpretability and transparency of these models, there is an ongoing discussion on the reliability of the prediction of soil properties generated from soil spectra. In this review, we contribute to this discussion by advocating for the integration of soil knowledge into machine‐learning models. By doing so, researchers can delve deeper into the underlying soil constituents, ultimately enhancing prediction accuracy. Our review explores the soil information present in spectral data, the fallacy of model interpretability, methods to incorporate soil knowledge into machine‐learning techniques, and the ways in which machine learning and soil spectroscopy can assist soil science. The combination of machine learning and domain knowledge is recommended to develop more meaningful models for predicting soil properties within the field of soil science.
Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1 is active at cell–cell contacts and facilitates cell dissemination during collective migration of melanoma cells
Authors: Koch Alexander , Hofschröer Verena , Schwab Albrecht 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTumour cell detachment from the primary tumour is an early and crucial step of the metastatic cascade. At the single cell level, it was already shown that migrating melanoma cells establish both intra‐ and extracellular pH gradients and that the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1 accumulates at the leading edges to strengthen cell‐matrix interactions. However, less is known about the role of NHE1 in collective cell migration and the specific pH microenvironment at tumour cell–cell contacts. We used MV3 melanoma cells transfected with a NHE1‐expressing vector or a control vector. NHE1 localization at cell–cell contacts was assessed via immunofluorescence imaging. Collective migration was analysed by live‐cell imaging. The NHE1 activity and the perimembranous pH were measured both intra‐ and extracellularly by ratiometric fluorescence microscopy. NHE1 clearly localizes at cell–cell contacts. Its overexpression further increases migratory speed and translocation in multidirectional pathway analyses. NHE1 overexpressing MV3 cells also move further away from their neighbouring cells during wound closure assays. pH measurements revealed that the NHE1 is highly active at cell–cell contacts of melanoma cells. NHE1‐mediated pH dynamics at such contact sites are more prominent in NHE1‐overexpressing melanoma cells. Our findings highlight the contribution of the NHE1 towards modulation and plasticity of melanoma cell–cell contacts. We propose that its localization and functional activity at cell–cell contacts promotes evasion of single melanoma cells from the primary tumour.
The association between Helicobacter pylori and gastrointestinal disorders during pregnancy: A Multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Feng Yun , Huang Qing , Luo Miaosha , Wei Jia , Gao Tiantian , Chu Dake , Jia Ai , Li Yingchao , He Shuixiang , Duan Tianjiao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundSome gastrointestinal disorders may be associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, which not only affect maternal health, but may also lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. We aim to explore the association between H. pylori and gastrointestinal disorders in pregnant women.Materials and MethodsIn total, 503 patients were retrospectively analyzed and divided into the H. pylori‐uninfected group, the H. pylori‐infected group, or the H. pylori‐eradicated group. We analyzed the influence of H. pylori on gastrointestinal diseases during pregnancy among the groups, as well as the severity, symptoms, laboratory tests of the H. pylori‐related diseases.ResultsPregnant women with H. pylori infection had higher risk of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) (p < 0.001), severe NVP(p = 0.012), hyperemesis gravidarum (p = 0.027), hematemesis (p = 0.018), hyponatremia (p = 0.033), as well as functional dyspepsia symptoms including epigastric pain (p = 0.004), bloating (p = 0.024), and feeling full quickly in a meal (p = 0.031) compared with those without H. pylori infection. While the prevalence of NVP (p = 0.024), severe NVP (p = 0.009), epigastric pain (p = 0.037), and bloating (p = 0.032) were lower in H. pylori‐eradicated pregnant women than in H. pylori‐infected women. In addition, pregnant women with H. pylori infection had higher risk of spontaneous preterm birth than whom without H. pylori infection (p = 0.033).ConclusionsHelicobacter pylori infection was associated with higher risks of NVP, severe NVP, hyperemesis gravidarum, functional dyspepsia, and spontaneous preterm birth in pregnant women.
Evaluation of technological, nutritional, and probiotic survival in gluten‐free composite synbiotic vermicelli
Authors: Poshadri A. , Deshpande H.W. 
Published: November 2023

SummaryThe demand to produce non‐dairy, thermostable synbiotic food has been rising dramatically. The food industry is promoting shelf‐stable, non‐dairy and gluten‐free alternatives while providing health products containing synbiotics, probiotics and prebiotics to cater to the vegan, lactose and gluten‐intolerant populations. This study was aimed at investigating the physicochemical and sensory attributes of dry and cooked gluten‐free vermicelli produced from a composite blend of pseudocereals (amaranth, buckwheat and quinoa) compared to wheat vermicelli. Further, B. coagulans IS2 spores were added to sample T2 (a blend of 50% amaranth, 30% buckwheat, and 20% quinoa) to produce synbiotic vermicelli. The order of quality of gluten‐free composite pseudocereal vermicelli samples in terms of technological and functional characteristics was T3 > T2 > T1. Further, T2 and control samples were highly preferred through sensory evaluation. The prebiotic properties of pseudocereals and psyllium husk were successfully utilised in the development of gluten‐free synbiotic vermicelli with potential health benefits to withstand probiotic B. coagulans spores in cooked vermicelli. The probiotic B. coagulans IS2 spores survived during the vermicelli production and cooking processes, and their survival count in cooked pasta was approximately 7.0 log10 CFU g−1 (9.0 log10 CFU/serving size of 50 g), which would be considered adequate to have beneficial effects on consumers.
The perspectives of hospital doctors about end‐of‐life care in people with mental illness: an observational pilot study
Authors: Dunn Magdalen , Peisah Carmelle , Wand Anne P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundNegative attitudes towards people living with mental illness (PLWMI), defined here as mentalism, are a major contribution to health care inequity, which may extend into end‐of‐life care. There is a clear need for investigation of the attitudes of doctors towards PLWMI at the end of life as doctors may lead processes of care that contribute to this inequity.AimsThe aim of this pilot study is to examine the perspectives of hospital‐based doctors regarding end‐of‐life care and medical decision‐making in PLWMI.MethodsA survey was created to explore whether mentalism is present in the perspectives of hospital doctors regarding end‐of‐life care for PLWMI. The survey included demographic characteristics of participants and questions comprising statements and vignettes that required agree/disagree responses. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise responses, and chi‐square tests examined associations with demographic variables.ResultsThe survey was commenced by 48 hospital‐based doctors and completed by 45. Descriptive statistics indicated that mentalism is present in the attitudes of hospital doctors regarding end‐of‐life care of PWLMI, with 47 of 48 participants (98%) endorsing at least one mentalist response. One significant association found that psychiatrists and psychiatry trainees were less likely to endorse a stereotype response in one vignette.ConclusionsThis preliminary study addresses a gap within the literature on the potential contribution of mentalist attitudes in doctors to the poorer end‐of‐life care outcomes for PLWMI. The findings highlight the need for further study of this topic and suggest a role for targeted medical education in the pursuit of health care equality for PLWMI.
The causal effects of atopic dermatitis on the risk of skin cancers: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Luo Min , Zheng Yaxuan , Zhuo Qianwei , Lin Lihang , Han Yue 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundObservational and epidemiological studies show conflicting results on the relationship between atopic dermatitis and skin cancer. Additionally, observational studies are susceptible to the reverse causation and confounders, thus, may not interpret true causal relationships. The causal effects of atopic dermatitis on the risk of skin cancers remains unclear.ObjectivesTo investigate the causal relationship between atopic dermatitis and skin cancer including cutaneous malignant melanoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis.MethodsWe performed a two‐sample Mendelian randomization analysis based on summary datasets of public genome‐wide association studies of European ancestry. The inverse variance‐weighted approach was applied as the main analysis. MR–Egger and weighted median methods were used to complement the inverse variance‐weighted results. A series of sensitivity analyses were used to ensure the robustness of the causality estimates.ResultsInverse variance‐weighted method showed that genetically predicted dermatitis patients were significantly associated with an increased incidence of basal cell carcinoma (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.10–1.31; p = 4.07E‐05) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.10–1.19; p = 1.05E‐11). However, we did not find a significant causality for atopic dermatitis on melanoma neither did we find actinic keratosis. Subsequent sensitive analyses supported these results.ConclusionsOur study identified the causality between atopic dermatitis basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Accordingly, regular skin cancer screening is recommended for patients with atopic dermatitis.
Saint Martin de Porres “The Black Saint of the Afro‐descendant community in Quito‐Ecuador”: Between segregation, racism, and black resistance
Authors: Vera Santos Rocío 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the neighbourhood Caminos a la Libertad, located in the north‐western part of Quito, every November, a group of Afro‐Ecuadorian women called the Community of Saint Martin & The Martinas pay tribute to Saint Martin de Porres “the Black saint of the Afro‐descendant community.” This celebration is relevant in a context in which the Afro‐Ecuadorian inhabitants of the neighbourhood suffer segregation, racism, and discrimination. What happens in the microcosm of Caminos a la Libertad is, in part, a reflection of the experience of the whole Afro‐descendant population in the capital: A city which has historically created an image of itself as white‐mestizo, and where the presence of Afro‐descendants has been systematically rejected. Based on ethnographic work, participant observation and semi‐structured interviews, in this article I analyse how this community uses the image of Saint Martin de Porres and his celebration to combat racism, promote social cohesion and ethnic and gender empowerment in the neighbourhood, by creating “places of enunciation” and “spiritual citizenship.”