bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All polymer PTC devices: Temperature‐conductivity characteristics of polyisothianaphthene and poly(3‐hexylthiophene) blends
Authors: Liu Chuanjun , Oshima Kenji , Shimomura Masato , Miyauchi Shinnosuke 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe present article is concerned with the temperature‐conductivity characteristics of blends consisting of polyisothianaphthene (PITN) particles and a soluble poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT). PITN was synthesized by direct conversion of 1,3‐dihydroisothianaphthene (DHITN) monomer using N‐chlorosuccinimide (NCS) as an oxidation/dehydrogenation reagent. The high conductivity and thermal stability of the doped and dedoped PITN were confirmed. Microscopic investigation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the as‐prepared PITN exhibited diversified shapes and sizes, with large rectangular particles having an average size of 2 ∼ 5μm and fine round particles ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 μm. The PITN particles were blended with the chemically synthesized P3HT as a high conductivity component to improve the conductivity and simultaneously maintain the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect of the original P3HT near its melting point. The temperature‐conductivity characteristics for PITN‐P3HT blends with various PITN contents showed that a blend having both a high conductivity (nearly 3 ∼ 4 orders higher than that of the original P3HT) and a good PTC intensity could be obtained with a PITN content of 20 ∼ 25%. The different temperature‐conductivity behavior of P3HT blends filled with PITN as compared to other conducting particles, for example, carbon black, was explained by its unique dispersion structure due to a relatively higher adhesive interaction of PITN particles with the P3HT matrix during the precipitation process. The results from heating recycles revealed that the PTC effect of PITN‐P3HT blends was not just related to the conductivity decrease of the P3HT matrix, arising from the conformational change of the conjugated backbone during the melting, but also to the dilution effect of the conducting percolation network due to the mobility of PITN particles induced by the viscosity decrease of the P3HT matrix. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1848–1854, 2005
Chick chorioallantoic membrane as an in vivo model to study vasoreactivity: Characterization of development‐dependent hyperemia induced by epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs)
Authors: Dunn Laurel K. , Gruenloh Stephanie K. , Dunn Bruce E. , Reddy D. Sudarshan , Falck John R. , Jacobs Elizabeth R. , Medhora Meetha 
Published: June 2005

AbstractShell‐less culture of chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of developing chicken embryos is a useful model to evaluate the effects of vascular agents. We assessed the response of CAM vessels to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), derivatives of the essential fatty acid arachidonic acid, that have a number of important biological functions, including dilation of microvessels in the coronary, cerebral, renal, and mesenteric circulations. Three of four regioisomers of EETs, 14,15‐, 11,12‐, and 8,9‐EET, induced a characteristic dose‐dependent acute hyperemia within 4 min after application on 10‐day‐old CAMs. This response was marked in early stages of development (between days 8 and 10), but the frequency and intensity of the response were reduced after 11 days of development. Histological examination demonstrated that the hyperemia was not due to extravasation of erythrocytes. However, many capillaries were distended and contained densely packed erythrocytes as compared to uniformly arranged vessels and erythrocytes in untreated CAMs. Transmission electron microscopy showed the basal laminae surrounding capillaries remained intact, similar to those in vehicle‐treated or untreated CAM tissue. The hyperemia was specific to EETs since we did not observe it to be induced by other vasodilators such as nitric oxide or prostacyclin. In conclusion, we report a novel vascular response to EETs using the CAM as an in vivo model. These lipids specifically distend a subset of capillaries in a dose‐ and development‐dependent manner. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐1 promotes migration and invasion in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Wey Jane S. , Fan Fan , Gray Michael J. , Bauer Todd W. , McCarty Marya F. , Somcio Ray , Liu Wenbiao , Evans Douglas B. , Wu Yan , Hicklin Daniel J. , Ellis Lee M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDVascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐1 (VEGFR‐1) is one of three receptor tyrosine kinases for VEGF, a key regulator of angiogenesis in cancer. Although VEGFRs initially were believed to be expressed exclusively on endothelial cells (ECs), recent studies have demonstrated the presence of VEGFR‐1 on non‐EC types. The authors hypothesized that VEGFR‐1 is present and functional in pancreatic carcinoma cells, contributing to the malignant phenotype.METHODSThe authors assessed the expression of VEGFR‐1 and its ligands in 11 pancreatic carcinoma cell lines by reverse‐transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and/or Western blot analysis. The function of VEGFR‐1 was evaluated by treating two representative cell lines with VEGF‐B, a selective ligand for VEGFR‐1, and/or a specific anti‐VEGFR‐1 antibody and assessing the effects on signaling, migration, invasion, and proliferation.RESULTSAll 11 pancreatic carcinoma cell lines expressed VEGFR‐1 mRNA and protein, as well as the VEGFR‐1 ligands VEGF‐A and VEGF‐B. Two representative cell lines (L3.6 and Panc‐1) exhibited VEGF‐B‐induced mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling. A VEGFR‐1 neutralizing antibody abrogated signaling, confirming that the ligand effect was mediated through VEGFR‐1. VEGFR‐1 stimulation by VEGF‐A or VEGF‐B was found to promote migration in both cell lines. Panc‐1 cells also demonstrated enhanced Matrigel invasion after VEGFR‐1 stimulation. VEGFR‐1‐dependent migration and invasion were blocked by the VEGFR‐1 neutralizing antibody. VEGFR‐1 activation did not appear to enhance cell proliferation.CONCLUSIONSVEGFR‐1 appears to be expressed ubiquitously in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines, in which it induces signaling and promotes migration and invasion. Overexpression of VEGF in tumors may activate tumor cells bearing VEGFR‐1 via an autocrine pathway. Agents targeting VEGF or its receptors may have a dual inhibitory effect on tumor growth by suppressing both angiogenesis and tumor cell function. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Addition of an aminopeptidase N‐binding sequence to human endostatin improves inhibition of ovarian carcinoma growth
Authors: Yokoyama Yumi , Ramakrishnan Sundaram 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDBlood vessels in tumors express higher level of aminopeptidase N (APN) compared with normal tissues. It has been reported that peptides that contain asparagine‐glycine‐arginine (NGR) sequence home to APN in tumor vasculature. Increased expression of APN in tumor vascular endothelium, therefore, offers an opportunity to target NGR peptide‐linked therapeutic reagents to tumors.METHODSTo determine whether an additional NGR sequence could improve endothelial homing and biologic activity, human endostatin was modified genetically to introduce an NGR motif (NGR‐endostatin) and was expressed in yeast. In vitro biologic activity of NGR‐endostatin was compared with the native protein in endothelial cell proliferation and migration. NGR‐modified endostatin was used in tumor localization studies. Finally, the effects of endostatin and NGR‐endostatin on tumor growth were determined in two model systems.RESULTSHuman endostatin has an internal NGR sequence, which is not accessible to bind APN. However, the addition of an NGR‐sequence at the amino terminus resulted in strong binding and inhibition of endothelial cell APN. NGR‐endostatin showed increased binding to endothelial cells compared with the native protein. Increased binding of endostatin also coincided with improved antiangiogenic properties of endostatin. NGR modification improved tumor localization and, as a consequence, effectively inhibited ovarian carcinoma growth in athymic nude mice.CONCLUSIONSThese studies demonstrated that human endostatin can be modified genetically to improve its ability to inhibit tumor growth. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Loss of carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule 1 expression is an adverse prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cruz Pauldion V. , Wakai Toshifumi , Shirai Yoshio , Yokoyama Naoyuki , Hatakeyama Katsuyoshi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDCarcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a negative regulator of tumor cell growth, and may function as a tumor suppressor. CEACAM1 expression is down‐regulated with increasing histologic grade in a number of malignancies. The authors hypothesized that loss of CEACAM1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells may function as an adverse prognostic factor.METHODSA retrospective analysis was conducted of 139 consecutive patients who underwent resection for HCC, with a median follow‐up period of 83 months. Immunohistochemistry of the resected specimens was conducted using a monoclonal anti‐CEACAM1 antibody. CEACAM1 expression in HCC was classified into two categories: diffuse expression, characterized by positive staining throughout the tumor specimen, or loss of expression, in which there were distinct areas of negative staining within the tumor specimen.RESULTSOf the 139 patients, 113 were classified as having tumors with diffuse expression and 26 had loss‐of‐expression tumors. Loss of CEACAM1 expression was more frequent in tumor specimens with Edmondson–Steiner Grades III or IV (21 of 32 [66%]) than in tumor specimens with Grades I or II (5 of 107 [5%]; P < 0.001) and was always seen in areas with the highest histologic grade. Loss of CEACAM1 expression was significantly associated with large tumor size, multiplicity of the tumor, portal vein invasion, and satellite nodules and affected survival adversely, according to univariate (P < 0.0001) and multivariate analyses (relative risk, 5.737; P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSLoss of CEACAM1 expression reflects aggressive tumor biology and thus indicates a poor prognosis for patients with HCC. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Microarray versus conventional prediction of lymph node metastasis in colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Croner Roland S. , Peters Andrea , Brueckl Wolfgang M. , Matzel Klaus E. , Klein‐Hitpass Ludger , Brabletz Thomas , Papadopoulos Thomas , Hohenberger Werner , Reingruber Bertram , Lausen Berthold 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors investigated whether microarray‐based gene expression analysis of primary tumor biopsy material could be used to predict lymph node status in patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Lymphatic metastasis strongly determines treatment algorithms in CRC. Currently, postoperative histology results are needed to determine lymph node status. Reliable preoperative information would be useful to advance treatment strategies.METHODSIn specimens from 66 patients with CRC from the Erlangen Registry of Colorectal Cancer, 41 shock‐frozen samples of International Union Against Cancer (UICC) Stage I–II CRC and 25 samples of UICC Stage III CRC were microdissected manually, RNA was isolated, and gene chips (HG‐U133A; Affymetrix) were hybridized. Prediction rates for lymphatic metastasis were calculated using conventional clinicopathologic parameters, gene expression data, and a combination of both. Prediction error, specificity, and sensitivity were analyzed using six different statistical classifiers.RESULTSAnalysis of conventional parameters produced a positive prediction rate that ranged between 53% and 61%, sensitivity of 42%, and specificity of 72%. Microarray prediction rates were between 62% and 67% for lymphatic metastasis. Specificity was between 76% and 83%, and sensitivity was between 38% and 48%, depending on the statistical procedure. The conventional estimates were improved by 9–12% when array data were added.CONCLUSIONSCurrent data show that the prediction of lymphatic metastasis can be improved by gene expression profiling of the primary tumor biopsy, alone or in combination with conventional parameters. Gene expression profiling may become valuable increasingly in planning treatment for patients with CRC. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Periconceptional vitamin use and leukemia risk in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Ross Julie A. , Blair Cindy K. , Olshan Andrew F. , Robison Leslie L. , Smith Franklin O. , Heerema Nyla A. , Roesler Michelle 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDPericonceptional vitamin supplementation reduces the risk of neural tube defects, and possibly may reduce the risk of certain childhood malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Because children with Down syndrome (DS) experience a 20‐fold higher risk of leukemia than the general population, the authors evaluated whether periconceptional vitamin supplementation reduced the risk of leukemia in children with DS.METHODSFrom 1997 to 2002, 158 children ages birth–18 years with DS and acute leukemia (n = 61 children with acute myeloid leukemia [AML] and n = 97 children with ALL) were enrolled through the Children's Oncology Group in North America. Children with DS alone (n = 173) were identified through the cases' pediatric clinics and frequency matched to cases on age. Mothers of cases and controls completed a telephone interview that included questions regarding vitamin supplement use in the periconceptional period and after knowledge of pregnancy.RESULTSA decreased risk of leukemia was observed with vitamin supplementation in the periconceptional period (odds ratio [OR] = 0.63; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.39–1.00). When stratified by leukemia type, the reduced risk was observed for ALL (OR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.30–0.89), but not for AML (OR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.48–1.76). Compared with vitamin use in the periconceptional period, use only after knowledge of pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of leukemia (OR = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.00–2.58). This was observed for both ALL and AML.CONCLUSIONSThese data added to a growing body of evidence that suggests that periconceptional vitamin use may be protective in the development of certain childhood cancers. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Hearing preservation after gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery of vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Paek Sun Ha , Chung Hyun‐Tai , Jeong Sang Soon , Park Chul‐Kee , Kim Chae‐Yong , Kim Jeong Eun , Kim Dong Gyu , Jung Hee‐Won 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo evaluate the hearing preservation rate and to determine its prognostic factors after gamma knife (GK) stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in patients with vestibular schwannoma, the authors used a prospective study design to analyze these patients.METHODSBetween December 1997 and January 2002, 25 patients with vestibular schwannoma with serviceable hearing were enrolled in the current study. The median tumor volume was 3.0 cc (0.16–9.1 cc). The prescription dose was 12.0 ± 0.7 gray at an isodose line of 49.8 ± 1.1%. The tumor control rate and complications were evaluated by focusing on hearing preservation and its prognostic factors.RESULTSBased on radiologic study, the tumor control rate was 92% during the median follow‐up period of 45 months. The trigeminal and facial nerve preservation rates were 95% and 100%, respectively. Thirteen (52%) of the 25 patients preserved serviceable hearing and 9 (36%) patients retained their pre‐GK G‐R grade levels after GK SRS. However, 16 patients showed hearing deterioration > 20 dB within 3–6 months and this trend continued for 24 months after the treatment. The maximum radiotherapy dose delivered to the cochlear nucleus was the single, significant prognostic factor of hearing deterioration.CONCLUSIONSThe authors concluded that a more sophisticated strategy to prevent hearing deterioration during the first 6 months post‐GK SRS is necessary to improve long‐term hearing preservation. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Proliferation and progesterone receptor status in benign meningiomas are not age dependent
Authors: Roser Florian , Nakamura Makoto , Ritz Rainer , Bellinzona Mattia , Dietz Klaus , Samii Madjid , Tatagiba Marcos S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDSome authors have suggested that the biology of meningiomas differs according to a patient's age. Proliferation, vascularity, and hormonal status in meningiomas can be used to describe changes during aging. In the current study, proliferation activity with the Ki‐67/MIB‐1 antibody was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in meningioma tissue specimens from young and elderly patients.METHODSOver the past 25 years, tissue samples from 1766 patients with meningiomas were evaluated. Of these, 588 tumor specimens from 554 patients who underwent surgery between 1990 and 2000 were evaluated immunohistochemically. The proliferation index (LI) and progesterone receptor (PR) in meningiomas were quantitatively estimated in elderly (age ≥ 70 years) and young patients (age < 70 years). Patients' charts including surgical records, discharge letters, pathology reports, and imaging studies were reviewed. Correlations with histologic subtype, disease recurrence‐free survival, resection grade, location, size, vascularity, and tumor calcification were calculated as well. Only patients with a well documented follow‐up were included in the statistical evaluation (n = 385).RESULTSCompared with the young group of 344 patients with meningioma (age < 70 years; mean age, 51.9 years; range, 18–69 years), the elderly population (age ≥ 70 years; n = 41; mean age, 74.9 years; range, 70–88 years) showed a male‐to‐female ratio of 3.2: 1. Both groups had an identical median Ki‐67 LI of 3.0% and a PR status of 56.1% versus 58.4 %. No statistically significant differences in disease recurrence‐free survival could be found in the two groups.CONCLUSIONSProliferation rates and PR status in benign intracranial meningiomas did not appear to be age dependent. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Propagation characteristics in an underground shopping area for 5‐GHz‐band wireless access systems
Authors: Itokawa Kiyohiko , Kita Naoki , Sato Akio , Matsue Hideaki , Mori Daisuke , Watanabe Hironobu 
Published: June 2005

Abstract5‐GHz‐band wireless access systems, such as the RLAN (Radio Local Area Network) system of IEEE 802.11a, HiperLAN/2, HiSWANa, and AWA, are deployed for indoor use at transmission rates over 20 Mbps. These 5‐GHz access systems are expected to extend service areas from the office to the so‐called “hot spots” in public areas. Underground shopping malls are one type of service area where the application of such nomadic wireless access service can be expected. In order to design radio zone configurations, it is necessary to know broadband propagation characteristics of an underground mall environment even if results obtained by previous measurements in the narrow band are available.This paper presents results of an experimental study on the propagation characteristics for broadband wireless access systems in an underground mall environment. First, broadband propagation path losses are measured and formulated considering the shadowing by human body. A ray trace simulation is used to clarify the basic propagation mechanism in such a closed environment. Next, it was determined that values of the delay spread at different distances during rush hour periods did not exceed 65 ns, which is lower than the permitted maximum value of the present 5‐GHz systems. The final conclusion is that the above propagation characteristics corroborate results of transmission tests carried out by using the AWA equipment. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 152(3): 55–64, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20059
A multiagent approach to distribution system restoration
Authors: Nagata Takeshi , Tao Yasuhiro , Sasaki Hiroshi , Fujita Hideki 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper proposes a multiagent approach to decentralized power system restoration for a distribution system network. The proposed method consists of several feeder agents (FAGs) and load agents (LAGs). LAG corresponds to the customer load, while a FAG is developed to act as a manager for the decision process. From the simulation results, the proposed multiagent system was able to reach the right solution by making use of only local information. This means that the proposed multiagent restoration system is a promising approach to more large‐scale distribution networks. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 152(3): 21–28, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20065
Fast magnetic reconnection with the current sheet ejection in the TS‐3 merging experiment
Authors: Hirota Daisuke , Ono Yasushi , Arimoto Katsuyuki 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe current sheet ejection phenomenon, which causes enhancement of the magnetic reconnection rate, was investigated in the TS‐3 merging experiment at the University of Tokyo. The current sheet was ejected when two coaxial torus plasmas were compressed rapidly by the external force under high‐intensity toroidal field (about 500 G). The magnetic reconnection rate γ increased sharply from 0.14/µs to 0.33/µs right after the ejection out of the X‐point region, while the reconnection rate is low in an initial pileup phase. The current sheet was separated and ejected from the diffusion region by the Lorentz force, jt×Bz. We made a new simple current sheet model on the basis of the mass conservation law, and the theoretical curve of the inflow velocity increment u accorded with the experimental one generally. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 152(3): 1–7, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20067
Pulse current regenerative resonant snubber‐assisted two‐switch flyback‐type ZVS PWM DC‐DC converter
Authors: Inaba Claudio Y. , Konishi Yoshihiro , Nakaoka Mutsuo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this paper, a two‐switch high‐frequency flyback transformer‐type zero voltage soft‐switching PWM DC‐DC converter using IGBTs is proposed. Effective applications for this power converter can be found in auxiliary power supplies of rolling stock transportation and electric vehicles. This power converter is basically composed of two active power switches and a flyback high‐frequency transformer. In addition to these, two passive lossless snubbers with power regeneration loops for energy recovery, consisting of a three‐winding auxiliary high‐frequency transformer, auxiliary capacitors and diodes are introduced to achieve zero voltage soft switching from light to full load conditions. Furthermore, this power converter has some advantages such as low cost circuit configuration, simple control scheme, and high efficiency.Its operating principle is described and to determine circuit parameters, some practical design considerations are discussed. The effectiveness of the proposed power converter is evaluated and compared with the hard switching PWM DC‐DC converter from an experimental point of view, and the comparative electromagnetic conduction and radiation noise characteristics of both DC‐DC power converter circuits are also depicted. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 152(3): 74–81, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20081