bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar Kyoto rats differ in delayed matching‐to‐place performance and response to dietary long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Clements Koreen M. , Girard Todd A. , Xing Hua‐Cheng , Wainwright Patricia E. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractSpontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were used as an animal model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study investigated whether, in comparison with its progenitor strain, Wistar‐Kyoto rats (WKY), SHR would show deficits in spatial short‐term memory in the delayed‐matching‐to‐place (DMP) version of the Morris water maze and be more distracted by exposure to a novel stimulus during recall trials. It also addressed whether dietary supplementation with long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) during development would increase brain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and improve SHR behavioral performance. Beginning at weaning (21 days), male SHR and WKY were fed either a control or LCPUFA supplemented diet [0.5% arachidonic acid (AA) and 0.9% DHA], and behavioral testing began at 8 weeks. The first three tasks comprised a series of problems, each consisting of an initial search trial and subsequent recall trials. The intertrial interval (ITI) between the search and recall trial was either 60 s or 60 min. Surprisingly, in contrast to SHR, WKY did not appear to use a spatial short‐term memory strategy to solve the problem. Notwithstanding, the performance of both strains was affected by the delay, such that they showed longer path lengths at the long compared with the short ITI. There was no effect of dietary supplementation on DMP performance. SHR fed the control diet were less responsive to a novel stimulus introduced on the first recall trial than WKY, and this tended to increase with supplementation. Analysis of brain fatty acid composition indicated that supplementation did increase DHA in the phosphatidylethanolamine fraction in WKY; however, in SHR, there was either no change (phosphatidylethanolamine) or paradoxical decreases (phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidyserine/phosphatidylinositol). Further research is needed to determine whether SHR are an appropriate model for studying a possible relationship between dietary LCPUFA and the behavioral symptoms of ADHD. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 43: 57–69, 2003.
Comparative performance evaluations of IGBTs and MCT incorporated into voltage‐source‐type single‐ended quasi‐resonant zero‐voltage soft switching inverter
Authors: Terai Haruo , Hirota Izuo , Miyauchi Takahiro , Omori Hideki , Ogura Koki , Nakaoka Mutsuo 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA cost‐effective high‐efficiency, simple, low‐noise voltage‐source‐type single‐ended quasi‐resonant high‐frequency inverter using a single power semiconductor switching device and its modified circuit topologies are commonly applied to consumer induction‐heated rice cookers with a warmer function, cooking heaters, and microwave ovens. This paper presents some comparative performance evaluations of several generations of IGBTs and MCT (MOS Controlled Thyristor) incorporated into the typical voltage‐source quasi‐resonant inverter operating in zero‐voltage soft switching transition mode. The latest generation of IGBT upgraded by lowering the saturation voltage characteristics was designed for consumer power applications in order to reduce conduction losses. The comparative steady‐state characteristics of some simple power semiconductor switching devices of several generations of IGBTs are examined on the basis of the simplest single‐ended quasi‐resonant inverter circuit operating under the zero‐voltage soft switching commutating principle. In addition, the power losses and temperature performance analysis of the latest IGBT are discussed and evaluated relative to previously developed IGBTs. Finally, the further reduced saturation voltage and conduction loss characteristics of MCT which are more suitable for consumer utilizations are presented in comparison with the conventional IGBT. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(3): 58–68, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10151
A damping of rotor natural vibration in three‐phase hybrid stepping motors
Authors: Ogasawara Satoshi 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis paper proposes a damping method of rotor natural vibration in three‐phase hybrid stepping motors, in which optimal commutation signals are calculated from the period of the natural vibration measured by detecting the motor voltages. Moreover, an acceleration and deceleration pattern is derived from a simple model of the rotor vibration, to suppress undesirable transient oscillation in acceleration, deceleration, and positioning operations. An experimental drive system has been implemented and tested to confirm the effectiveness and versatility of the proposed method. Some experimental results show that the experimental system can damp the rotor natural vibration even if the rotor inertia varies. Compared with the conventional pattern, it is confirmed that the proposed pattern makes a great contribution to damping the undesirable transient oscillations. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(3): 69–77, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10153
High‐efficiency and low‐acoustic‐noise drive system using an open‐winding AC motor and two space vector modulated inverters
Authors: Kawabata Yoshitaka , Nasu Motoshi , Kawabata Takao 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe combining of the outputs of two inverters using interphase reactors is a widely used method for supplying large AC drives rated at more than several thousand kilowatts. Certain drawbacks are associated with this method, such as high acoustic noise and high losses due to the interphase reactors. To overcome this problem, in this paper a new low‐acoustic‐noise and high‐efficiency drive system using an open‐winding AC motor and two space vector modulated inverters is proposed. This configuration consists of a three‐level inverter with switching once per cycle and a two‐level inverter of about 1 kHz switching frequency, connected to the opposite terminals of the open‐winding motor. With the proposed configuration, good current waveforms and high efficiency can be obtained. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(3): 46–57, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10157
Photo‐excited photonic characteristics of ZnO thin films deposited by laser ablation method
Authors: Ohshima Tamiko , Ikegami Tomoaki , Ebihara Kenji , Thareja Raj Kumar 
Published: May 2003

AbstractZinc oxide (ZnO), having a wide direct band gap of 3.37 eV at room temperature, may be a new potential candidate for optoelectronic devices such as ultraviolet (UV) laser, blue light‐emitting diode, and phosphorescent display. We have studied the ZnO thin films deposited by the pulsed laser ablation (PLA) method. In order to prepare high‐quality ZnO thin films, the spectroscopic properties of the plasma plume produced during film deposition were investigated to correlate the properties of the deposited film with plasma characteristics. Furthermore, we have deposited the ZnO thin films at various deposition conditions such as ambient oxygen gas pressure, substrate material, and substrate temperature. We have investigated the effect of deposition conditions on structural and optical properties of the ZnO thin films. X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, UV–visible photometry, and photoluminescence measurements were used to characterize the grown films. The ZnO thin films deposited at ambient oxygen gas pressure of 5 mTorr and substrate temperature of 550 °C showed strong c‐axis (002) orientation. The ZnO thin film deposited on Al2O3 (0001) at these deposition conditions provided the UV‐stimulated emission around 395 nm. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(3): 1–7, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10177
Contributions of generators for power flow and loads in a power system
Authors: Inuzuka Toshiyasu , Uriu Yoshihisa , Koyanagi Fumiko 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBecause of the introduction of deregulation and competition in the electricity supply industry, large numbers of IPPs (Independent Power Producers) will get into the market. It has become much more important to be able to determine which generators are supplying a particular load, which generator is responsible for transmission line congestion, and what is each generator's contribution to the system losses. In this paper, we propose a way to calculate these contributions automatically. The applicability of the proposed technique is demonstrated using the EAST 10 47‐bus power system. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(3): 28–35, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10181
A study of a unit commitment problem with transmission constraints
Authors: Sasaki Hiroshi , Yamamoto Tomoki , Kubokawa Junji , Nagata Takeshi , Fujita Hideki 
Published: May 2003

AbstractUnit commitment problem is an optimization problem to determine the start‐up and shut‐down schedule of thermal units while satisfying various constraints, for example, generation‐demand balance, unit minimum up/down time, system reserve, and so on. Since this problem involves a large number of 0–1 type variables that represent up/down status of the unit and continuous variables expressing generation output, it is a difficult combinatorial optimization problem to solve. The study at present concerns the method for requiring the suboptimum solution efficiently.Unit commitment method widely used solves the problem without consideration of voltage, reactive power, and transmission constraints. In this paper, we will propose a solution of unit commitment with voltage and transmission constraints, based on the unit decommitment procedure (UDP) method, heuristic method, and optimal power flow (OPF). In this method, initial unit status will be determined from random numbers and the feasibility will be checked for minimum start‐up/shut‐down time and demand‐generation balance. If the solution is infeasible, the initial solution will be regenerated until a feasible solution can be found. Next, OPF is applied for each time period with the temporary unit status. Then, the units that have less contribution to the cost are detected and will be shut down based on the unit decommitment rules. This process will be repeated until suboptimal solution is obtained.The proposed method has been applied to the IEEE 118‐bus test system with 36 generating units with successful result. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(3): 36–45, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10187
A model for numerical evaluation of the global stability region in power systems determined by a nonlinear limit cycle
Authors: Watanabe Masayuki , Miao Peiyun , Mitani Yasunori , Tsuji Kiichiro 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA power system is a large dynamic system, which includes many nonlinear elements. According to the nonlinear analyses using Hopf bifurcation theory, it can be detected that a limit cycle exists around an operating point, which may affect the global stability of a power system significantly. The authors have presented a numerical method to analyze the nonlinear characteristics in power systems by observing the power swing after some perturbation where the coefficients of nonlinear terms are determined by the least squares method. In this paper the method is modified for the application to a longitudinally interconnected power system including an excitation system, and the influence of the excitation voltage limiter on the nonlinear phenomena of the whole power system can be detected by some numerical analyses. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(3): 17–27, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10193
Internal voltage gradient and behavior of column on long‐gap DC free arc
Authors: Tanaka Shin‐Ichi , Sunabe Kin‐Ya , Goda Yutaka 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe internal voltage gradient and behavior of column on long‐gap DC free arcs were analyzed quantitatively. In the analysis, an image processing technique developed by us was applied to the images shot from two orthogonal views by two high‐speed video cameras to estimate the three‐dimensional arc column paths. Objective free arcs were ignited between the rod electrodes with the current in the range of 100 to 2000A and the gap in the range of 1.6 to 3.2 m. In addition, some of the objective free arcs were placed in the external magnetic field brought about by a large coil. As a result, macroscopic changes with time in terms of the arc voltage gradient along the column path, the ratio of the arc column length to the gap length, and the distance from the center axis between the electrodes to the farthest point were derived. All average characteristics were shown as the experimental equations. In addition, the effect of the external magnetic field on the macroscopic velocity of the expansion was studied. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(3): 8–16, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10198
The indications and outcomes in the use of osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap
Authors: Villaret Douglas B. , Futran Neal A. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractIntroduction.Whether secondary to cancer surgery ablation or trauma, surgeons are faced with defects of the mandible or maxilla that would be best reconstructed with a thin, pliable soft tissue component and vascularized bone. A subset of these challenging wounds do not require the bicortical bone necessary to reestablish structural integrity or to retain a dental prosthesis, because the soft tissue needs are more critical than the bony needs. It is this niche that the radial forearm osteofaciocutaneous free flap (RFOFF) fulfills well. In the past, potential and real donor site morbidity has precluded the routine use of this flap. New methods to reduce this morbidity have rekindled our use of this flap.Procedures Used.A retrospective review of patients with defects of the mandible or maxilla treated with the RFOFF from July 1, 1997, to December 31, 2000, was performed. After flap harvest, the donor site was rigidly fixated. A skin graft was placed, and a volar splint was applied for 7 days. The arm was then fully mobilized. Parameters examined were defect location, donor site complications, flap survival, fistula occurrence, plate fracture, and/or extrusion.Results.Thirty‐four patients were reconstructed with the RFOFF with a follow‐up of 10–54 months. Seven patients had an anterior maxillectomy defect, and 27 patients had a lateral mandibulectomy defect with associated tongue/tonsillar fossa and/or palate defect. There were no cases of flap failure or donor site radius fracture. During the follow‐up period, there were no plate fractures or intraoral exposures as evidenced by clinical and radiographic evaluation. Fistulas occurred in five patients; all healed without surgical intervention.Conclusion.With rigid fixation of the residual radius, donor site morbidity has been minimized, and indications for this flap have expanded. Specifically the anterior maxillary arch and the ascending ramus, angle, and posterior body of the mandible (nontooth‐bearing areas) are the sites most amenable to the thin bony stock of the harvested radius. The pliable forearm skin is ideal for the soft tissue defects. We believe that the RFOFF with bone has a definite role in the reconstruction of select head and neck defects. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 475–481, 2003
Cervical node metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract: The significance of extracapsular spread and soft tissue deposits
Authors: Jose Jemy , Coatesworth Andrew P. , Johnston Colin , MacLennan Ken 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBackground.Literature regarding the prognostic significance of extracapsular spread and soft tissue deposits in cervical lymph node metastases of squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract shows variable results.Methods.We analyzed 215 prospectively collected neck dissections from 155 patients with upper aerodigestive tract squamous cell carcinoma to assess the prevalence of extracapsular spread and soft tissue deposits and to assess their effect on survival.Results.Both extracapsular spread and soft tissue deposits significantly reduced survival (actuarial and recurrence free) compared with pN0 necks (p < .001) and pN+ve necks without extracapsular spread (p < .0025). There was no statistically significant difference between pN+ve necks without soft tissue deposits or extracapsular spread compared with those with pN0 necks (p = .24). Multivariate analysis revealed comparable results.Conclusions.Microscopic and macroscopic extracapsular spread and soft tissue deposits are of prognostic significance for survival and recurrence‐free survival in patients with upper aerodigestive tract squamous cell carcinoma. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 451–456, 2003
Effect of irradiation on vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in nasopharyngeal carcinoma survivors
Authors: Wu Chen‐Chi , Young Yi‐Ho , Ko Jenq‐Yuh 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBackground.This study aims to investigate the effect of irradiation on vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) survivors, because radiotherapy to NPC covers a column from the basal skull to the clavicle level.Methods.Twenty‐two irradiated NPC survivors and five fresh NPC patients were subjected to VEMP testing, which is evoked by short‐tone burst (95 dBHL, 500 Hz) stimulation. Interactions among VEMPs and radiation effects, such as radiation dosage, postirradiation interval, radiation‐induced otitis media, sensorineural hearing loss, or canal paresis, were then explored.Results.The mean latencies of p13 and n23 in irradiated ears were significantly delayed compared with either pr‐irradiated ears or normal control ears. Delayed VEMPs represented 50% in ears with a mean radiation dosage of 71 Gy, whereas it represented 100% in those with a mean radiation dosage of 123 Gy. Ears with radiation otitis media revealed higher occurrence (65%) of delayed VEMPs than those without radiation otitis media (29%, p < .05), possibly because of radiation sequela affecting the brainstem and neck. However, delayed VEMPs were unrelated to sensorineural hearing loss or canal paresis caused by irradiation.Conclusions.Delayed VEMPs in NPC survivors are possibly due to radiation‐induced otitis media, a brainstem lesion, or neck fibrosis. Hence, VEMP testing may expand the test battery for clinicians to explore balance problems in NPC survivors after irradiation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 482–487, 2003
Identification of NY‐ESO‐1, MAGE‐1, and MAGE‐3 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kienstra Matthew A. , Neel H. Bryan , Strome Scott E. , Roche Patrick 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBackground.Certain tumor antigens have been identified that stimulate an immune response, thus making them targets for immunotherapy. NY‐ESO‐1, MAGE‐1, and MAGE‐3 are such antigens. This study was undertaken to determine their presence or absence in head and neck squamous cell cancers and to correlate this with patient characteristics.Methods.Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IH) were used to identify NY‐ESO‐1, MAGE‐1, and MAGE‐3 in surgical specimens. Patient data (previous treatment, gender, age, primary site, metastasis, tumor grade, tumor stage, smoking history, and alcohol history) were collected by chart review and examined for correlation with presence or absence of antigen.Results.Three tumors were found to be positive for NY‐ESO‐1 by RT‐PCR. All of these tumors were also positive for MAGE‐1 and MAGE‐3. IH was only positive for NY‐ESO‐1 in one patient. Eighteen of the 45 tumors (40%) were positive for MAGE‐1 by RT‐PCR. By IH, only six tumors were positive for MAGE‐1. Five (83.3%) of those that were positive by IH were positive by RT‐PCR. Twenty of the 45 tumors (44.4%) were positive for MAGE‐3 by RT‐PCR. By IH, 12 tumors were positive for MAGE‐3. Nine (75%) of those positive by IH were also positive by RT‐PCR. Overall, of the 45 tumors, 27 (60%) were positive by RT‐PCR for at least one of the antigens. None of the patient characteristics correlated with the presence or absence of antigen.Conclusions.There is high expression of MAGE‐1 and MAGE‐3 antigens in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, whereas NY‐ESO‐1 is not significantly expressed. IH correlates but is not as sensitive as RT‐PCR for detection of these antigens. There is no correlation between antigen expression and patient data. On the basis of the high levels of MAGE‐1 and MAGE‐3 expression, use of these antigens may serve as a potential approach to immunotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma from head and neck sources. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 457–463, 2003
Outpatient weekly 24‐hour infusional adjuvant chemotherapy of cisplatin, 5‐fluorouracil, and leucovorin for high‐risk nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Lin Jin‐Ching , Jan Jian‐Sheng , Chen Kuang Y. , Hsu Chen‐Yi , Liang Wen‐Miin , Wang Wen‐Yi 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBackground.Distant metastasis rather than locoregional recurrence is the major site of failure after adequate radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The aim of this study is to evaluate the toxicity and survival of outpatient weekly 24‐hour infusion adjuvant chemotherapy for NPC patients with high‐risk of distant failure.Methods.Our definition of high‐risk NPC included patients with (1) 1992 AJCC staging system of N3, T4N2, or N2 with one of nodal size > 4 cm; (2) supraclavicular node metastasis; and (3) residual disease after radiotherapy or neck relapse. From August 1994 to August 1997, 41 NPC patients matching the preceding criteria agreed to receive weekly PFL (cisplatin 25 mg/m2, 5‐fluorouracil 1250 mg/m2, and leucovorin 120 mg/m2) adjuvant chemotherapy for a total of 18 weeks. Clinical data of another 88 patients with similar disease status who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy during the same period were collected and analyzed for comparison. Survival analysis was investigated by the Kaplan‐Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model.Results.A total of 700 weekly chemotherapy doses was delivered to 41 patients. The ratio of actual/planned dose delivery was 94.9%. Grade 3–4 toxicity of adjuvant chemotherapy included leucopenia (7.3%), anemia (2.4%), thrombocytopenia (2.4%), and nausea/vomiting (2.4%). After a median follow‐up of 70 months, 26.8% (11 of 41) and 47.7% (42 of 88) of patients in PFL and no adjuvant chemotherapy groups had distant metastasis (p = .0247). The 5‐year metastasis‐free survival rates were 71.9% for the PFL group compared with 48.4% for no adjuvant chemotherapy patients (p = .0187). The 5‐year overall survival rates were 53.7% (PFL group) and 38.3% (no adjuvant chemotherapy group), respectively (p = .0666). Multivariate Cox analysis showed PFL adjuvant chemotherapy was the independent factor that predicted metastasis‐free survival after adjustment for other variables.Conclusions.Outpatient weekly 24‐hour continuous infusion PFL adjuvant chemotherapy is a well‐tolerated regimen with promising results in high‐risk NPC patients and merits investigation in phase III studies. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 438–450, 2003