bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability and Validity of the Japanese Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) Questionnaire
Authors: Iigaya Miho , Sakai Fumihiko , Kolodner Kenneth B. , Lipton Richard B. , Stewart Walter F. 
Published: January 2004

Objective.—This study was designed to assess the test‐retest reliability, internal consistency, and validity of a Japanese translation of the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) Questionnaire in a sample of Japanese patients with headache.Background.—Previous studies have demonstrated that the English‐language version of the MIDAS Questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of migraine‐related disability. Any translations of the MIDAS Questionnaire must also be assessed for reliability and validity.Methods.—Study participants were recruited from the patient population attending either the Neurology Department of Kitasato University or an affiliated clinic. Participants were eligible for study entry if they had 6 or more primary headaches per year. For reliability testing, participants completed the MIDAS Questionnaire on 2 occasions, exactly 2 weeks apart. To assess validity, patients were also invited to participate in a 90‐day daily diary study. Composite measures from the 90‐day diaries were compared to equivalent MIDAS measures (ie, 5 questions on headache‐related disability and 1 question each on average pain intensity and headache frequency in the last 3 months) and to the total MIDAS score obtained from a third MIDAS Questionnaire completed at the end of this 90‐day period.Results.—One hundred one patients between the ages of 21 and 77 years were recruited (81 women and 20 men). Ninety‐nine patients (80 women and 19 men) participated in the diary study. At baseline, 46.5% of patients were MIDAS grade I or II (minimal, mild, or infrequent disability), 22.2% were MIDAS grade III (moderate disability), and 31.3% were MIDAS grade IV (severe disability). Test‐retest Spearman correlations for the 5 disability questions and the questions on average pain intensity and headache frequency ranged from 0.59 to 0.80 (P<.0001). The test‐retest Spearman correlation coefficient for the total MIDAS score was 0.83 (P<.0001). The degree to which individual MIDAS questions correlated with the diary‐based measures ranged from 0.36 to 0.88. The correlation between the total MIDAS score and the equivalent diary‐based measure was 0.66. In general, the mean and median values for the MIDAS items and total MIDAS score were similar to the means and medians for the diary‐based measures. However, the mean MIDAS scores for the number of days on which headache was experienced and the number of missed workdays were significantly different compared to the diary‐based estimates for these items (P<.05). In addition, the mean MIDAS score for the number of days of missed housework was significantly higher than the corresponding diary‐based estimate (P<.01).Conclusions.—The results from this study show that the Japanese translation of the MIDAS Questionnaire is comparable with the English‐language version in terms of reliability and validity.
Migraine Headache Recurrence: Relationship to Clinical, Pharmacological, and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Triptans
Authors: Géraud Gilles , Keywood Charlotte , Senard Jean Michel 
Published: January 2004

Background and Objectives.—Triptan use is associated with headache recurrence, and this has been cited as an important reason for patient dissatisfaction with the treatment. The mechanism by which recurrence occurs is not clear, and the incidence of recurrence varies with the triptan used. In order to explore the pharmacological and physiological interaction of triptans and migraine headache recurrence further, some specific clinical, pharmacological, and pharmacokinetic factors that might influence migraine recurrence were evaluated in a review of the major efficacy data for the drugs in the triptan class. These factors were 5‐HT1B and 5‐HT1D receptor activities, the pharmacokinetic elimination half‐life of each triptan, and the clinical efficacy of each compound, determined by the proportion of patients with headache relief and the therapeutic gain over placebo.Methods.—Clinical data were derived from 31 triptan, placebo‐controlled, major efficacy studies used in a previous meta‐analysis. The mean recurrence rate, mean headache response, and therapeutic gain were calculated using the results from the individual clinical studies. Mean headache response and therapeutic gain were calculated at the time point used to define recurrence in each study. Data for binding affinity and potency were taken from a direct‐comparison in vitro pharmacology study, and the elimination half‐life quoted in the data sheet for each triptan was used. Rank correlation with recurrence rate was performed for each of the test parameters.Results.—Mean headache recurrence rates ranged from 17% for frovatriptan 2.5 mg to 40% for rizatriptan. Elimination half‐life and recurrence were inversely correlated (r  =  −1.0, P  =  .0016). There was also a significant inverse correlation between 5‐HT1B receptor potency and recurrence (r  =  −0.68, P  =  .034), but 5‐HT1D receptor potency was not correlated with recurrence (r  =  −0.20, P  =  .54). In addition, the binding affinities for the 5‐HT1B and 5‐HT1D receptors were not correlated to headache recurrence. Importantly, it also was demonstrated that initial clinical efficacy was not correlated to headache recurrence. The correlation coefficient for headache response was 0.18 (P  =  .53) and for therapeutic gain, −0.11 (P  =  .71).Conclusion.—The incidence of migraine headache recurrence varies between drugs in the triptan class. Migraine recurrence does not appear to be related to initial clinical efficacy, but is influenced by the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of the individual triptans. The triptans with longer half‐lives and greater 5‐HT1B receptor potency had the lowest rates of headache recurrence.
Headache Following Cervical Sympathectomy and Results of a Blood Flow Study in the Cat
Authors: Spierings Egilius L. H. 
Published: January 2004

Background.—A patient developed severe, continuous, unilateral headache that was “vascular” in nature, following cervical sympathectomy.Objective.—To determine the changes in cranial blood flow in the cat following lesioning and stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve.Method.—Carotid blood flow was determined by electromagnetic flowmetry and its tissue distribution by intra‐arterial injection of 15‐μm radioactive microspheres.Results.—Following sympathetic lesioning, an increase in carotid blood flow was observed and reversed with stimulation. The distribution of carotid blood flow changed for the brain only, maintaining relatively constant tissue perfusion.Conclusion.—An increase in cerebral blood flow could not have accounted for the sympathectomy‐induced headache. Dilation of major cerebral arteries and cranial noncerebral vasodilation probably constitutes its mechanism.
Acute migraine headache: possible sensitization of neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus?
Authors: Kaube H , Katsarava Z , Przywara S , Drepper J , Ellrich J , Diener HC 
Published: January 2004

Neurology. 2002;58:1234‐1238.OBJECTIVE: To investigate trigeminal sensory processing in patients with migraine using a novel “nociception‐specific” blink reflex. METHODS: Seventeen patients with unilateral migraine headache were studied within 6 hours of onset. Blink reflexes were elicited with a standard stimulating electrode (standard blink reflex) and concentric stimulating electrode (nociception‐specific blink reflex) during the acute migraine attack, after treatment with IV lysine acetylsalicylate (1,000 mg) or oral zolmitriptan (5 mg) and interictally. RESULTS: After standard stimulation, no differences were detected for the R1 and R2 onset latencies and areas under the curve (AUC) between the different time points and the headache and nonheadache side. Nociception‐specific stimulation revealed a shortening of R2 onset latencies (44.3  ±  5.4 ms for headache side vs 48.9  ±  5.8 ms for nonheadache side) during the acute migraine attack compared with the headache‐free interval (49.8  ±  5.3 vs 49.8  ±  4.5 ms). The AUC of the R2 increased on the headache side by 680% and on the nonheadache side by 230% compared with the headache‐free interval. Drug treatment parallel to pain relief increased the onset latencies (zolmitriptan: 48.0  ±  8.2 ms for headache side vs 52.3  ±  7.6 ms for nonheadache side; lysine acetylsalicylate: 48.0  ±  5.0 ms for headache side vs 51.2  ±  5.6 ms for nonheadache side) and reduced the AUC of R2 (zolmitriptan by 45% and lysine acetylsalicylate by 48%). CONCLUSION: The data suggest temporary sensitization of central trigeminal neurons during acute migraine attacks. Comment: This abstract from Dr. Chris Diener's group reports large changes in the AUC for onset latencies between headache affected and nonaffected sides. Drug treatment effects were small. No statistical comparisons were reported. This noninvasive technique may be useful in further exploring the mechanisms which underlie the temporary sensitization of central trigeminal neurons during acute migraine attacks. DSM
Cortical spreading depression and gene regulation: relevance to migraine.
Authors: Choudhuri R , Cui L , C et al. Yong 
Published: January 2004

Ann Neurol. 2002;51:499‐506.Cortical spreading depression (CSD) may be the underlying mechanism of migraine aura. The role of CSD in initiating a migraine headache remains to be determined, but it might involve specific changes in gene expression in the brain. To examine these changes, four episodes of CSD at 5‐minute intervals were induced in the mouse brain by application of 300 mM KCl, and gene expression was examined 2 hours later using cDNA array and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. Controls consisted of groups that received anesthesia only, attachment of recording electrodes only, and application of 0.9% NaCl. Of the over 1180 genes examined in our experiments, those consistently regulated by CSD included vasoactive peptides; the vasodilator atrial natriuretic peptide was induced by CSD, while the vasoconstrictor neuropeptide Y was downregulated. Other genes specifically regulated by CSD were involved in oxidative stress responses (major prion protein, glutathione‐S‐transferase‐5, and apolipoprotein E). L‐type calcium channel mRNA was upregulated. In summary, CSD regulates genes that are intrinsic to its propagation, that identify accompanying vascular responses as a potential source of pain, and that protect against its potential pathological consequences. We believe these observations have strong relevance to the mechanisms of migraine and its outcomes. Comment: Dr. Welch's group is systematically searching for gene expression targets which may lead to improvement both in understanding migraine at a molecular level and in development of new treatment strategies. SJT
Orbital myositis posing as cluster headache.
Authors: Lee MS , Lessell S 
Published: January 2004

Arch Neurol. 2002;59:635‐636.OBJECTIVE: To describe the case of a patient with recurrent orbital myositis who was thought to have cluster headaches for 6 years. DESIGN AND SETTING: Case report in an outpatient neuro‐ophthalmology clinic. PATIENT: A 24‐year‐old man developed unilateral supraorbital pain, lacrimation, conjunctival hyperemia, nasal congestion, proptosis, and painful eye movements. The pain intensity varied over the course of each day and disappeared after 1 month. He had multiple attacks responsive to prednisone that were separated by months over the ensuing 6 years. Neuroimaging revealed an enlarged extraocular muscle. CONCLUSIONS: Overlap in symptoms between recurrent orbital myositis and cluster headache delayed the diagnosis in this patient. Orbital myositis should be considered in patients with atypical cluster headache characterized by proptosis, painful eye movements, and pain that does not completely resolve after 3 hours. Comment: Cluster has numerous mimics. Because of this, I favor one good imaging study for each patient with presumed cluster. SJT
High‐Energy X‐Rays: A tool for Advanced Bulk Investigations in Materials Science and Physics
Authors: Liss Klaus-Dieter , Bartels Arno , Schreyer Andreas , Clemens Helmut 
Published: January 2004

High‐energy X‐rays between 30 keV and 1MeV, such as provided by modern synchrotron radiation sources as
the ESRF and HASYLAB, bear the advantage of high penetration into most materials. Even heavy element
compositions can be accessed in their volume. The range of applications is huge and spreads from nuclear
spectroscopy to the characterization of metal extrusion under industrial conditions. This article compiles
an overview over the most common instrumental diffraction techniques.Modern two‐dimensional detectors are used to obtain rapid overviews in reciprocal space. For example,
diffuse scattering investigations benefit from the very flat Ewald sphere as compared to low energies,
which allow mapping of several Brillouin zones within one single shot. Diffraction profiles from liquids or
amorphous materials can be recorded easily. For materials science purposes, whole sets of Debye–Scherrer
rings are registered onto the detector, their diameters and eccentricities or their intensity distribution along
the rings relating to anisotropic strain or texture measurements, respectively. At this point we stress the resolution
of this technique which has to be carefully taken into account when working on a second generation
synchrotron source.Energy‐dispersive studies of local residual strain can be studied by a dedicated three‐circle diffractometer
which allows accurately to adjust the scattering angle from a defined gauge volume.Triple axis diffractometry and reciprocal space mapping is introduced and can be employed for highest
resolution purposes on single crystal characterization, even under heavy and dense sample environments.
Thus, the perfection of single crystals can be mapped and strain fields and superstructures as introduced
by the modulation from ultrasonic waves into crystals or epitaxially grown Si/Ge layers can be investigated
in detail. Phase transitions as magnetic ordering can be studied directly or through its coupling to the crystal
lattice. Time resolved studies are performed stroboscopically from a sub‐nanosecond to a second time scale.The combination of these techniques is a strong issue for the construction and development of future
instruments.
Drug/substance reversal effects of a novel tri‐substituted benzoflavone moiety (BZF) isolated from Passiflora incarnata Linn.–a brief perspective
Authors: Dhawan Kamaldeep 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe present work is a mini‐review of the author's original work on the plant Passiflora incarnata Linn., which is used in several parts of the world as a traditional medicine for the management of anxiety, insomnia, epilepsy and morphine addiction. A tri‐substituted benzoflavone moiety (BZF) has been isolated from the bioactive methanol extract of this plant, which has been proposed in the author's earlier work to be responsible for the biological activities of this plant. The BZF moiety has exhibited significantly encouraging results in the reversal of tolerance and dependence of several addiction‐prone psychotropic drugs, including morphine, nicotine, ethanol, diazepam and delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol, during earlier pharmacological studies conducted by the author. In addition to this, the BZF moiety has exhibited aphrodisiac, libido‐enhancing and virility‐enhancing properties in 2‐year‐old male rats. When administered concomitantly with nicotine, ethanol and delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol for 30 days in male rats, the BZF also prevented the drug‐induced decline in sexuality in male rats. Because the BZF moiety isolated from P. incarnata is a tri‐substituted derivative of alpha‐naphthoflavone (7,8‐benzoflavone), a well‐known aromatase‐enzyme inhibitor, the mode of action of BZF has been postulated to be a neurosteroidal mechanism vide in which the BZF moiety prevents the metabolic degradation of testosterone and upregulates blood‐testosterone levels in the body. As several flavonoids (e.g. chrysin, apigenin) and other phytoconstituents also possess aromatase‐inhibiting properties, and the IC 50 value of such phytomoieties is the main factor determining their biochemical efficacy, by altering their chemical structures to attain a desirable IC 50 value new insights in medical therapeutics can be attained, keeping in view the menace of drug abuse worldwide.
Maintenance treatment with depot opioid antagonists in subcutaneous implants: an alternative in the treatment of opioid dependence
Authors: Carreño JE , Alvarez CE , San Narciso GI , Bascarán MT , Díaz M , Bobes J 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA report is presented of treatment of 156 patients (male 98%) with opioid dependence (ICD‐10 criteria) using a maintenance programme with depot opioid antagonists (naltrexone) as subcutaneous implants, started after an outpatient rapid antagonization regimen. The retention index in the treatment was from 80% in the sixth month, and 65% after one year. The patients were followed‐up for 1 year after discharge. For 6 months after discharge 55.4% were still returning for follow‐up visits and 20.8% after 1 year, all of them remaining abstinent to opioids. It is concluded that the programme is safe for the patients and shows a better retention index than programmes using oral antagonists, with an improved compliance (negative urine analysis) compared to the latter.
An audit of the effectiveness of amphetamine isomer ratios as a marker of Dexedrine? compliance in amphetamine abusers
Authors: George S 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe effectiveness of using amphetamine isomer ratios to determine individual compliance with a Dexedrine? (dexamphetamine, Celltech, Slough, UK) treatment regimen for the maintenance and detoxification from amphetamine abuse has been audited. The calculation of l/d‐amphetamine isomer ratios in urine has been shown previously to provide an accurate method for determining the compliance of subjects prescribed dexamphetamine. This audit was performed on the results obtained subsequent to the analysis of 369 urine specimens collected from 87 subjects (26 female, 61 male), all prescribed dexamphetamine collected from January 1999 to December 2002. The analysis was performed using a chiral derivatizing agent in conjunction with a gas chromatograph fitted with a mass spectrometer. It was found that only 245 specimens (66%) were deemed to be from compliant subjects. Of the remainder, 60 (16%) were collected when subjects were apparently supplementing their dexamphetamine prescription with illicit amphetamine, and 66 (18%) were collected when subjects were apparently using primarily illicit amphetamine. In summary, a sensitive and specific technique has been developed and applied to the analysis of urine specimens obtained from those prescribed dexamphetamine to facilitate the monitoring of their compliance. It is hoped that this technique may continue to be used to audit further the treatment in these individuals in the future to optimize their management.
Alcohol beverages and biochemical changes in blood
Authors: Gorinstein Shela , Trakhtenberg Simon 
Published: January 2004

AbstractCoronary atherosclerosis is the major cause of death in western civilization: one of every three in men as well as in women. It was shown that diets supplemented with moderate quantities of alcoholic beverages could lead to positive biochemical changes in blood of the consumers, which are regarded widely as indicators of improved prevention of atherosclerosis. This review summarizes the recent epidemiological, experimental and clinical investigations concerning mainly the plasma biochemical changes in lipid levels, anticoagulant and antioxidant activities.
Sequential studies of sleep disturbance and quality of life in abstaining alcoholics
Authors: Cohn TJ , Foster JH , Peters TJ 
Published: January 2004

AbstractPrevious studies in recently detoxified dependent alcoholics have shown severely disturbed sleep and impaired quality of life. Although this association has been found to predict short‐term relapse to heavy drinking, no sequential studies have been conducted to monitor significant changes in sleep quality and quality of life in abstaining alcoholics. Fifty‐seven inpatients at a voluntary sector 12‐Step alcohol detoxification unit in South London were administered a series of questionnaires assessing sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), Quality of Life (Euro‐Qol) and Depression and Anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales, HADS). Questionnaires were administered at baseline and for 12 weeks at monthly intervals. At baseline, PSQI scores showed that 52 of the 57 participants suffered from impaired sleep. The scores, however, did not correlate significantly with any of the other measurements. All except two participants acknowledged impaired Quality of Life in at least one area. With respect to the follow‐up measurements 23 (40%) participants completed the study. Quality of life and depression scores improved significantly over a 12‐week period but sleep and anxiety scores did not. At 12 weeks the mean PSQI score was still above the cut‐off point for ‘sleep caseness’. Quality of life and depression show a significant improvement over a 3‐month period of abstinence, although at this point the subjects are still experiencing difficulties with sleep and anxiety. This information could help in the planning of future rehabilitation and treatment programmes.
Brain mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase: relation to acetaldehyde aversion in low‐alcohol‐drinking (UChA) and high‐alcohol‐drinking (UChB) rats
Authors: Quintanilla María elena , Tampier Lutske 
Published: January 2004

AbstractPrevious reports indicate that the low‐drinker (UChA) rats, when compared to high‐drinker (UChB) rats, display lower mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) activity due to a mutation of the Aldh2 gene. Because a later study found line differences in sensitivity to the aversive effects of acetaldehyde (AcH) administered intraperitoneally (i.p.), which were not associated with the line difference detected in blood AcH levels, the present study examined the contribution of brain ALDH2 activity to AcH aversion in UChA and UChB rats. In experiment 1, we established the dose‐response curves for AcH aversion (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg i.p.) in rats of both lines by using a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) paradigm. The results confirm our previous finding that UChA and UChB rats presented marked differences in their AcH aversion thresholds, which were not associated with the line differences detected in blood AcH levels. In experiment 2, the possibility that the inhibition of the brain ALDH2 would lower the AcH aversion threshold in both lines was studied by determining the effect of cyanamide (10 mg/kg i.p.) pretreatment, an inhibitor of ALDH, on AcH aversion, blood AcH levels and brain ALDH2 activity. The finding that blocking the brain ALDH2 (52%) by cyanamide can make a non‐aversive dose of AcH (25 mg/kg) aversive to UChA and UChB rats at blood AcH levels comparable to those induced by a non‐aversive dose of AcH (100 mg/kg) in control UChB rats indicates that the line difference in AcH aversion is associated more with brain ALDH2 activity than with liver ALDH2 activity.