bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The epigenetic network regulating muscle development and regeneration
Authors: Palacios Daniela , Puri Pier Lorenzo 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis review focuses on our current knowledge of the epigenetic changes regulating gene expression at the chromatin and DNA level, independently on the primary DNA sequence, to reprogram the nuclei of muscle precursors during developmental myogenesis and muscle regeneration. These epigenetic marks provide the blueprint by which the extra‐cellular cues are interpreted at the nuclear level by the transcription machinery to select the repertoire of tissue‐specific genes to be expressed. The reversibility of some of these changes necessarily reflects the dynamic nature of skeletal myogenesis, which entails the progression through two antagonistic processes—proliferation and differentiation. Other epigenetic modifications are instead associated to events conventionally considered as irreversible—e.g. maintenance of lineage commitment and terminal differentiation. However, recent results support the possibility that these events can be reversed, at least upon certain experimental conditions, thereby revealing a dynamic nature of many of the epigenetic modifications underlying skeletal myogenesis. The elucidation of the epigenetic network that regulates transcription during developmental myogenesis and muscle regeneration might provide the information instrumental to devise pharmacological interventions toward selective manipulation of gene expression to promote regeneration of skeletal muscles and possibly other tissue. J. Cell. Physiol. 207: 1–11, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localization, specific activity, and molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in developmental stages of the cestode Mesocestoides corti
Authors: Kemmerling U. , Cabrera G. , Campos E.O. , Inestrosa N.C. , Galanti N. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe nervous system of flatworms is quite simple although there is increasing evidence indicating that it is chemically complex. Studies of the nervous system in these animals have only been performed in the larval stage or in the adult worms, which are easy to obtain in nature, while the description of the nervous system in developing stages of these organisms is missing. Mesocestoides corti is a parasitic platyhelminth whose larvae can be induced in vitro to develop to adult, sexually mature worms, opening the possibility of studying the nervous system of a flatworm in different stages of development. Here, we describe the presence, activity, location, and molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in different stages of development of M. corti, from the larvae to adult forms of this endoparasite, obtained in in vitro cultures after induction of the larval stage with trypsin. Our results point to AChE as a molecular marker of the nervous system in platyhelminthes. The change in molecular forms of this enzyme and the increase in its activity during development from larvae to adult worm may reflect the presence of a more complex nervous system, necessary to adjust and coordinate the movement of a much bigger structure. A relationship between the development of the reproductive apparatus in segmented and adult worms with a more complex nervous system in these stages is also apparent. Finally, our study opens the possibility of applying anti‐AChE as more effective therapeutic strategies against cestode parasites. J. Cell. Physiol. 206: 503–509, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Embryonic development of Galloisiana yuasai Asahina, with special reference to external morphology (Insecta: Grylloblattodea)
Authors: Uchifune Toshiki , Machida Ryuichiro 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe embryogenesis of Grylloblattodea, one of the most primitive of the polyneopteran orders, is described using Galloisiana yuasai with special reference to external morphology. The egg membranes are characterized by an endochorion crossed by numerous vertical aeropyles and a fairly thin vitelline membrane, features shared by Mantophasmatodea. The inner layer formation is of the fault type. Serosal elements in the amnioserosal fold differentiate into hydropylar cells, to function in water absorption together with specialized amniotic structures, i.e., an amniotic strand and a thickened amnion. The germ band is of the short germ type. The germ band immerses deep into the yolk after its full elongation along the egg surface, and in this respect blastokinesis closely resembles that of Mantophasmatodea. The embryological features, i.e., those on egg membranes and blastokinesis, may suggest a closer affinity of Grylloblattodea and Mantophasmatodea. Appendages, ectodermal invaginations, and sternal and pleural sclerites are discussed in the light of serial homology, to provide a new basis for elucidating the insect body plan. Appendages are divided into the proximal coxopodite and distal telopodite, the former being divided further into the subcoxa and coxa. Subcoxal and coxal elements are identified in the mandible as well as in the abdominal appendages. The subcoxa is divided into the epimeron and episternum by the pleural suture in thoracic segments. Likewise, in the abdominal segments the subcoxa is divided into two, although the homologs of the epimeron and episternum are not sclerotized, and in the labial segment the subcoxal derivative or the postmentum is divided into the submentum and mentum. Two coxal endites bulge out from the medial side of the gnathal appendages. The mandibular molar and incisor, maxillary lacinia and galea, and labial glossa and paraglossa are serially homologous with each other. In the thoracic segments the original embryonic sternum or “protosternum” is largely replaced by subcoxal elements, and merely remains as a small anterior presternum and a posterior spinasternum. A major part of the venter is represented by the derivatives of the episternum such as an extensive basisternum, katepisternum, and trochantin and the medial element of the epimeron. The pleuron is derived from the episternal elements or the anepisternum and preepisternum, which bears a spiracle in the mesothorax and metathorax, and the lateral element of the epimeron. The homolog of the preepisternum in the prothorax is the cervical sclerite, but with no spiracle developed. A median ventral invagination arises in the thoracic segments as a spina, and the homolog of the spina develops into the eversible sac in the first abdominal segment. J. Morphol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination and analysis of guided wave propagation using magnetic resonance elastography
Authors: Romano A. J. , Abraham P. B. , Rossman P. J. , Bucaro J. A. , Ehman R. L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe present a novel extension of standard magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) measurement and analysis methods, which is applicable in cases where the medium is characterized by waveguides or fiber bundles (i.e., muscle) leading to constrained propagation of elastic waves. As a demonstration of this new method, MRI is utilized to identify the pathways of the individual fibers of a stalk of celery, and 3D MRE is then performed throughout the volume containing the celery fibers for a measurement of the displacements. A Helmholtz decomposition is performed permitting a separation of the displacements into longitudinal and transverse components, and an application of a hybrid Radon transform permits a spectral decomposition of wave propagation along the fibers. Dot product projections between these elastic displacements measured in the global coordinate system and three Frenet vectors representing the tangent and two corresponding orthogonal vectors along any particular fiber orientation yield the displacement contributions to wave propagation along the fiber as if it were a waveguide. A sliding window spatial Fourier transform is then performed along the length of each fiber to obtain dispersion images that portray space–wavenumber profiles. Therefore, this method can permit localized tracking and characterization of wave types, velocities, and coupling along arbitrarily oriented fibers. Magn Reson Med, 2005. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantification of renal perfusion and function on a voxel‐by‐voxel basis: A feasibility study
Authors: Dujardin M. , Sourbron S. , Luypaert R. , Verbeelen D. , Stadnik T. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe feasibility of a voxel‐by‐voxel deconvolution analysis of T1‐weighted DCE data in the human kidney and its potential for obtaining quantification of perfusion and filtration was investigated. Measurements were performed on 14 normal humans and 1 transplant at 1.5 T using a Turboflash sequence. Signal time‐courses were converted to tracer concentrations and deconvolved with an aorta AIF. Parametric maps of relative renal blood flow (rRBF), relative renal volume of distribution (rRVD), relative mean transit time (rMTT), and whole cortex extraction fraction (E) were obtained from the impulse response functions. For the normals average cortical rRBF, rRVD, rMTT, and E were 1.6 mL/min/mL (SD 0.8), 0.4 mL/mL (SD 0.1), 17s (SD 7), and 22.6% (SD 6.1), respectively. A gradual voxelwise rRBF increase is found from the center of two infarction zones toward the edges. Voxel IRFs showed more detail on the nefron substructure than ROI IRFs. In conclusion, quantitative voxelwise perfusion mapping based on deconvolved T1‐DCE renal data is feasible, but absolute quantification requires inflow correction. rRBF maps and quantitative values are sufficiently sensitive to detect perfusion abnormality in pathologic areas, but further research is necessary to separate perfusion from extraction and to characterize the different compartments of the nephron on the (sub)voxel level. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Double average parallel steady‐state free precession imaging: Optimized eddy current and transient oscillation compensation
Authors: Markl M. , Leupold J. , Bieri O. , Scheffler K. , Hennig J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBalanced steady‐state free precession (SSFP) imaging is sensitive to off‐resonance effects, which can lead to considerable artifacts during a transient phase following magnetization preparation or steady‐state interruption. In addition, nonlinear k‐space encoding is required if contrast‐relevant k‐space regions need to be acquired at specific delays following magnetization preparation or for transient artifact reduction in cardiac‐gated k‐space segmented CINE imaging. Such trajectories are problematic for balanced SSFP imaging due to nonconstant eddy current effects and resulting disruption of the steady state.In this work, a novel acquisition strategy for balanced SSFP imaging is presented that utilizes scan time reduction by parallel imaging for optimized “double average” eddy current compensation and artifact reduction during the transient phase following steady‐state storage and magnetization preparation. Double average parallel SSFP imaging was applied to k‐space segmented CINE SSFP tagging as well as nongated centrically encoded SSFP imaging. Phantom and human studies exhibit substantial reduction in steady‐state storage and eddy current artifacts while maintaining spatial resolution, signal‐to‐noise ratio, and similar total scan time of a standard SSFP acquisition. The proposed technique can easily be extended to other acquisition schemes that would benefit from nonlinear reordering schemes and/or rely on interruption of the balanced SSFP steady state. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intraluminal high intensity ultrasound treatment in the esophagus under fast MR temperature mapping: In vivo studies
Authors: Melodelima David , Salomir Rares , Chapelon Jean‐Yves , Theillère Yves , Moonen Chrit , Cathignol Dominique 
Published: September 2005

AbstractNew curative and palliative treatments are needed to respond to the poor prognosis of esophageal cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MR thermometry can be used to monitor the thermal ablation induced by an intraluminal high‐intensity ultrasound applicator positioned in the esophagus. Experiments were performed in vivo in 2 pig esophagi (25 thermal lesions per pig). Respiratory gated or cardiac gated MR thermometry was performed with segmented echo‐planar imaging gradient echo sequences. All MR acquisitions were performed without susceptibility artifacts or radiofrequency interference with the ultrasound device. The experimental procedure proposed for accurate measurement of temperature in the esophagus was found to achieve an SD of ± 1.5°C for respiratory gating and ± 3.1°C for cardiac gating. Gd‐enhanced T1‐weighted images were used to depict coagulation necrosis. Autopsy was performed immediately after the treatment. Ultrasound effects were inspected visually, and the dimensions of the lesions in the liver neighboring the esophagus were compared with those determined on the MRI images. The visually assessed thermal lesions showed good correlation with the MRI data (10% mean volume difference). The feasibility of esophageal thermal ablation using intraluminal high‐intensity ultrasound and of on‐line MR temperature monitoring was demonstrated. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New criteria for assessing fit quality in dynamic contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted MRI for perfusion and permeability imaging
Authors: Balvay Daniel , Frouin Frédérique , Calmon Guillaume , Bessoud Bertrand , Kahn Edmond , Siauve Nathalie , Clément Olivier , Cuenod Charles A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractContrast‐enhanced (CE) MRI provides in vivo physiological information that cannot be obtained by conventional imaging methods. This information is generally extracted by using models to represent the circulation of contrast agent in the body. However, the results depend on the quality of the fit obtained with the chosen model. Therefore, one must check the fit quality to avoid working on physiologically irrelevant parameters. In this study two dimensionless criteria—the fraction of modeling information (FMI) and the fraction of residual information (FRI)—are proposed to identify errors caused by poor fit. These are compared with more conventional criteria, namely the quadratic error and the correlation coefficient, both theoretically and with the use of simulated and real CE‐MRI data. The results indicate the superiority of the new criteria. It is also shown that these new criteria can be used to detect oversimplified models. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Axial asymmetry of water diffusion in brain white matter
Authors: Lazar Mariana , Lee Jong Hoon , Alexander Andrew L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe diffusion tensor (DT) is a three‐dimensional (3D) model of diffusivity in biological tissues. In white matter (WM), the major eigenvector, which is the direction of greatest diffusivity, is generally assumed to align with the direction of the fiber bundles. The distribution of major eigenvectors in WM has been investigated using color‐based maps and WM tractography (WMT). However, anatomical patterns in the medium and minor eigenvector directions have largely been ignored in DTI studies of the human brain. In this study, the patterns of medium and minor eigenvectors in the brain were investigated using both color‐based maps and WMT. Specific WM structures, such as the corona radiata, internal and external capsules, sagittal stratum, cingulum, and superior longitudinal fasciculus, demonstrated coherent patterns in the medium and minor eigenvector directions. These patterns were consistent across subjects. The orthogonal or axial diffusion asymmetry may be explained by merging, diverging, or crossing fiber geometries. The effects of orthogonal diffusion asymmetry on WMT were also investigated. This study shows that WM axial asymmetry causes anisotropic dispersion patterns in the estimated tract trajectories. The medium and minor eigenvector patterns may be useful for elucidating the local dispersion distributions of WM tracts. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Matrix description of general motion correction applied to multishot images
Authors: Batchelor P. G. , Atkinson D. , Irarrazaval P. , Hill D. L. G. , Hajnal J. , Larkman D. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractMotion of an object degrades MR images, as the acquisition is time‐dependent, and thus k‐space is inconsistently sampled. This causes ghosts. Current motion correction methods make restrictive assumptions on the type of motions, for example, that it is a translation or rotation, and use special properties of k‐space for these transformations. Such methods, however, cannot be generalized easily to nonrigid types of motions, and even rotations in multiple shots can be a problem. Here, a method is presented that can handle general nonrigid motion models. A general matrix equation gives the corrupted image from the ideal object. Thus, inversion of this system allows us to get the ideal image from the corrupted one. This inversion is possible by efficient methods mixing Fourier transforms with the conjugate gradient method. A faster but empirical inversion is discussed as well as methods to determine the motion. Simulated three‐dimensional affine data and two‐dimensional pulsation data and in vivo nonrigid data are used for demonstration. All examples are multishot images where the object moves between shots. The results indicate that it is now possible to correct for nonrigid types of motion that are representative of many types of patient motion, although computation times remain an issue. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Motor‐induced transcription but sensory‐regulated translation of ZENK in socially interactive songbirds
Authors: Whitney Osceola , Johnson Frank 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe ZENK gene, depending upon singing activity, is transcribed within all the telencephalic nuclei controlling vocal behavior in songbirds. We show here that singing by deafened or completely isolated adult zebra finches induced high levels of ZENK transcription. This mRNA however, was not translated into high levels of ZENK protein. Instead, high levels of singing‐driven ZENK protein translation were found in socially interactive birds. This dissociation between ZENK mRNA and ZENK protein was regionally specific to the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA), a region that is well known for its control of vocal‐motor behavior in birds. Our results suggest cooperation between motor and sensory processes for regulating mRNA induction and subsequent protein synthesis in socially active songbirds. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2005
Distribution and onset of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (zRalDH) expression in zebra finch brain: Lack of sex difference in HVC and RA at early posthatch ages
Authors: Kim Yong‐Hwan , Arnold Arthur P. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractUsing in situ hybridization to detect the expression of the retinoic acid synthesizing enzyme (retinaldehyde dehydrogenase: zRalDH) mRNA, we mapped the distribution of its expression in adult zebra finch brain. In the neural song circuit, strong expression was found in high vocal center (HVC), para‐HVC, and at a very low level in the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA). The expression in HVC and RA was found in both males and females. Outside of the song system, major areas of expression were in medial nidopallium (N), hyperpallium apicale (HA), mesopallium ventrale (MV), taenial amygdala (TnA), cerebellar Purkinje cells, and nucleus isthmo‐opticus (IO). In nestlings, we found zRalDH mRNA expression in HVC and RA as early as posthatch day 4 or 5 (P4–5), although the expression varied among individuals. Thus, retinoic acid synthesis in HVC and RA could participate in song system formation and development. However, we found no sex difference in volume or intensity of zRalDH and androgen receptor (AR) expression in HVC and RA at P11 prior to the development of significant size dimorphisms in these nuclei. The size of HVC in females at P11 defined by zRalDH expression was greater than that in adult females, suggesting that HVC might experience net cell loss between P11 and adulthood. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2005
Intraspinal and intracranial hemorrhage after lumbar puncture
Authors: Lee Anselm C.W. , Lau Yu , Li C.H. , Wong Y.C. , Chiang Alan K.S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTwo cases of spinal epidural hematoma and two cases of intracranial subdural hematoma after lumbar puncture (LP) are reported in children receiving chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. The bleeding was asymptomatic but interfered with treatment in one case, and caused either severe backache or headache but no neurological deficit in the other three patients. The platelet counts were 8 and 46 × 109/L in two patients and were normal in the other patients at the time of LP. All recovered without surgical treatment. There is an inherent, albeit uncommon, risk of bleeding into the central nervous system associated with LP in children with cancer and should be distinguished from postdural puncture headache (PDPH). Thrombocytopenia is not always an accompanying factor. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48:233–237. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteomic analysis of rice embryo: An approach for investigating Gα protein‐regulated proteins
Authors: Komatsu Setsuko , Abbasi Fida , Kobori Eiko , Fujisawa Yukiko , Kato Hisaharu , Iwasaki Yukimoto 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe rice dwarf1 (d1) mutant, which lacks the α subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein (Gα protein), shows abnormal morphology due to shortened internodes, dark green leaves and grains that are small and round. Proteome analysis was used in this study to aid in determining the function of Gα protein in rice embryos. Using 2‐DE, seven seed embryo proteins were shown to be down‐regulated in the d1 mutant as compared with its wild type. These seven proteins included a receptor for activated C‐kinase (RACK) and six rice embryo globulin‐2 proteins (REG2). The six REG2 have similar molecular masses with minor differences in pI. In addition to the reduced accumulation of RACK in the d1 mutant, the increase in QL/d1, in which a constitutively active form of the Gα protein is expressed, was significantly higher as compared with wild type. The level of accumulation of these seven proteins during seed development and maturation did not change significantly until the 2nd wk after pollination. Reduced accumulation of these seven proteins started in the d1 mutant at the 3rd wk after pollination, and continued until seed maturation was complete. All seven proteins were completely absent 24 h after imbibition in both d1 mutant and its wild type. However, the phytohormone abscisic acid promoted the expression level of RACK after imbibition in the wild type as compared with d1 mutant. These results suggest that RACK is regulated by Gα‐protein and plays an important role in a basic cellular process as well as in rice embryogenesis and germination.
In situ superconducting MgB2 films grown by co‐evaporation technique
Authors: Malisa Anayesu 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSuperconducting thin films of MgB2 were grown in situ by co‐evaporation of magnesium and boron on MgO (111), SiC (0001) and Al2O3 (0001) substrates at ∼300 °C. The films showed transitions to the superconducting state in the temperature range of 33–37 K. The widths of the superconducting transitions were less than 1 K. The films exhibited growth in the c‐axis and absence of other phases. Optimization of the growth parameters enabled films with smooth surface morphology and root‐mean‐square (RMS) roughness of 2 nm to be grown. The low RMS roughness value indicates that the technique can be used to grow MgB2 films useful for junctions and multilayer devices. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)