bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atherosclerosis Potential Drug Targets: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives
Authors: Al Qarawani Omar Mohammed Ali Saleh , Kaur Palwinder , Vyas Manish , Sharma Sandeep 
Published: October 2023

Background:
The global burden of atherosclerosis and its implication to cause coronary
heart disease and ischemic cardiac problems is the most prevalent cause of morbidity and
hospitalization. In the US, there has been an increase in the number of patients with cardiac
problems in the last decade, and still remains the primary cause of death in Europe as well as in
the US.

Objectives:
Even though therapeutic interventions and early diagnosis the formation of the fatty
lesion and its subsequent steps are possible, the therapeutic management of the disease remains
questionable when clinical data is observed. There is still scope for proper target identification
and biomarker recognition, which can serve as a baseline to develop efficient pharmacological
agent and delivery systems so that the disease incidence and prevalence can be controlled. The
present article highlights the current pathophysiological state of the disease and emerging strategies
that are applied to manage the disease.

Findings:
This article gives an insight into the limitations of various conventionally used therapeutic
agents for disease treatment. The emerging strategies that could prove efficacious in disease
treatment. This article also gives an insight into current discoveries in the field of cellular
and molecular biology, such as the genetic role in causing dyslipidemia and the role of immune
cells and the role of non-coding small RNA, which can set the future direction to develop therapeutics
interventions for atherosclerosis.
Huangqin-Huanglian Decoction Protects Liver against Non-alcoholic Fatty
Liver Disease in High Fat-diet Mice
Authors: Yang Hongying , Wei Dongyun , Zhang Yao , Jian Wenxuan 
Published: October 2023

Background::
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has the advantage of low toxicity
of natural ingredients, multiple targets and effects, and low medication costs. It has unique advantages
for metabolic and chronic diseases. Huangqin-Huanglian decoction (HQHLD) is composed
of Scutellariae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, Rehmanniae Radix, and Gentianae Radix Et
Rhozima; it has great potential for the treatment of NAFLD with the modern pharmacological
research and TCM theory, but there is still a relative lack of research on the potential targets and
pharmacological effects of HQHLD.

Methods::
In this work, we have used network pharmacology to predict the targets and signaling
pathways of HQHLD, and validated NAFLD-related targets using the HFD model in order to
explore more therapeutic drugs and methods for NAFLD. We collected the HQHLD ingredients
and NAFLD targets through TCMSP, ETCM, DisGeNET, HGMD, MalaCards, OMIM, and
TTD, built ingredients-target networks by Cytoscape, and screened key ingredients in HQHLD.
DAVID and Metascape databases were used for GO functional enrichment analysis and KEGG
pathway enrichment analysis, respectively. Molecular docking of the key ingredients and key
targets was performed by AutoDock. We verified the effect of HQHLD on high-fat diet (HFD)
mice by measuring the weight, liver weight index, and the level of TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDLC.
HE staining and oil-red staining were performed to detect the damage and fat accumulation
in the liver. The changes in INSR, PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, TNF-α, and caspase3 were experimented
with WB.

Results::
With the network pharmacology analysis, we found quercetin, baicalein, sitosterol,
wogonin, oroxylin-A, glycyrrhizin, hydroberberine, berberine, sesamin, and carotene to be the
main ingredients in HQHLD. According to KEGG pathway analysis, INSR, AKT, JNK1,
PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, and the other 16 targets are the main targets of HQHLD in the treatment of
NAFLD. We took HFD mice as the in vivo model of NAFLD. Our results showed that HQHLD
could reduce liver weight, and TG and LDL-C levels, and increase HDL-C level in serum. By
HE and oil red staining, we found that HQHLD could protect the morphology of hepatocytes
and reduce fat in the liver. We also found HQHLD to protect the liver by increasing the expression
of INSR and PPAR-α, and reducing the expression of PPAR-γ, TNF-α, and caspase3 in the
liver.

Conclusion::
In conclusion, our study has firstly studied the main ingredients and key targets of
HQHDL in treating NAFLD by network pharmacology analysis, and preliminarily confirmed
that HQHLD could alleviate NAFLD in a multi-target way by lowering fatty acids, and decreasing
insulin resistance, inflammation, and apoptosis in the liver.
Novel CARMIL2 (RLTPR) Mutation Presenting with Hyper-IgE and
Eosinophilia: A Case Report
Authors: Zamani Raha , Zoghi Samaneh , Shahkarami Sepideh , Seyedpour Simin , Jimenez Heredia Raúl , Boztug Kaan , Rezaei Nima 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Inborn errors of immunity are a growing group of disorders with a wide spectrum of genotypic and phenotypic profiles. CARMIL2 (previously named RLTPR) deficiency is a recently described cause of immune dysregulation, mainly presenting with allergy, mucocutaneous infections, and inflammatory bowel disease. CARMIL2 deficiency is categorized under diseases of immune dysregulation with susceptibility to lymphoproliferative conditions.

Case Presentation:
Here we describe a 29-years-old male from a consanguineous family, with food and sting allergy, allergic rhinitis, facial molluscum contagiosum (viral infection of the skin in the form of umbilicated papules), eosinophilia and highly elevated serum IgE level. Whole exome sequencing revealed numerous homozygous variants, including a CARMIL2 nonsense mutation, a gene regulating actin polymerization, and promoting cell protrusion formation.

Conclusion:
The selective role of CARMIL2 in T cell activation and maturation through cytoskeletal organization is proposed to be the cause of immune dysregulation in individuals with CARMIL2 deficiency. CARMIL2 has an important role in immune pathways regulation, through cell maturation and differentiation, giving rise to a balance between Th1, Th2, and Th17 immune response. This case can improve the understanding of the different impacts of CARMIL2 mutations on immune pathways and further guide the diagnosis of patients with similar phenotypes.
Recent Patents of Thermal Error Modeling and Thermal Error Prediction of CNC Machine Tool Spindle
Authors: Li Zhaolong , Sun Benchao 
Published: October 2023

:
With the development of machine tools to high precision and high automation, thermal
error has become the key reason to hinder the improvement of thermal stability of machine tools.
The spindle electrothermal error is an important factor affecting the machining accuracy of highspeed CNC machine tools. The thermal error model of a high-speed motorized spindle is established to compensate the thermal error, which can effectively improve the influence of thermal error on the machining accuracy of machine tools. The thermal displacement during the operation of
motorized spindle is the main reason that affects the machining stability and precision of motorized spindle. The thermal error compensation of CNC machine tool spindle can improve the machining efficiency, the machining quality of parts and the service life of CNC machine tools. This
paper summarizes the representative patents and papers on thermal error modeling and thermal
error prediction in China. By summarizing a large number of patents and papers on modeling,
prediction and compensation of thermal error of spindle of CNC machine tools, the modeling
method is analyzed and the development trend is discussed. The improvement of thermal error
modeling method of CNC machine tool spindle has an important influence on improving machining accuracy, efficiency, and stability. Therefore, in the future, there will be more and more patents for thermal error modeling of CNC machine tools and spindles.
A Patent Review and Current Status of Ultra-thin Vapour Chamber
Authors: Dong BoXiong , Xie Baocheng 
Published: October 2023

Background:
With the advent and rapid development of 5G technology, many electronic products have been developed in the miniaturized direction. However, excessive operating
temperature generated by these electronic products in a small space results in serious runaway
problems, such as battery failure and dead equipment. To solve the heat dissipation problem of
small electronic products, ultra-thin vapour chambers are widely used in the heat dissipation field
of these electronic products due to the characteristic of rapid heat conduction and thermal expansion. Therefore, optimizing the performance of ultra-thin vapour chambers is critical. Over the
years, optimizing the performance of ultra-thin vapour chambers has piqued the industry's interest.

Objective:
This study aimed at exploring the structural features, optimization method, and development status of the ultra-thin vapour chambers.

Methods:
This study reviews various representative patents related to ultra-thin vapour chambers
and discusses the problems existing in the process of achieving ultra-thinning to provide a reference for designers of ultra-thin vapour chambers in the future.

Results:
Through the investigation of a large number of patents on ultra-thin vapour chamber,
some existing problems are summarized and analyzed. Finally, the future trend of ultra-thin vapour chambers is discussed.

Conclusion:
The optimization of ultra-thin vapour chambers benefits the heat dissipation of
small electronic products and improves product safety. More related patents will be published in
the future.
Research Progress on Intelligent Control Heading Machine
Authors: Yue Lei , Li Wei , Liu Yu , Huang Qiujiao , Zhang Rui , Liu Siyu , Wang Jintao 
Published: October 2023

Background:
With the development of society, the demand for underground works,
such as to control road traffic and enhance the development of mineral resources, is increasing.
Simple human and mechanical resources can no longer meet people's needs. Therefore, the development
of the heading machine has advanced the construction of underground engineering and
the development of mineral resources, leading to a significant change in tunneling efficiency.
However, the increase in the scale of engineering facilities, changes in geological conditions, the
reduction in human resources, and other factors, accompanied by the arrival of the era of big data,
have prompted the heading machine to become more and more efficient, advanced, and intelligent.

Objective:
This article aimed to describe the classification, characteristics, and development of existing
heading machines. It also takes into account the impact of changing engineering facilities,
geological conditions, and limited human resources. The research and development direction of
the equipment in intelligent perception, intelligent construction, and safety management is proposed.

Methods:
In this study, the working principle and related patents of the heading machine have
been summarized. The structural characteristics, differences, and application characteristics of the
heading machines in different fields are introduced, and the limitations of previous methods have
been analyzed.

Results:
By analyzing and comparing the existing heading machines and summarizing their typical
features, the main problems in the development of heading machines have been analyzed and
the development trend of heading machines is predicted. Finally, the current research status and
future development trends of heading machines and their patents are discussed.

Conclusion:
The heading machines are divided into two types based on the operation object: tunnel
boring machine and ordinary heading machine. Among these, the full-face heading machine is
the most widely used, and heading machines with different working faces are the most typical
among ordinary heading machines. Currently, the application of intelligence in heading machines
has gained widespread traction both domestically and internationally. The future development direction
of heading machines must focus on intelligence, ensuring safety and efficiency, lightweight
design, and environmental sustainability.
The Role of Thermal Analysis in Engine Fin Design: Insights and
Perspectives
Authors: Borthakur Barbie , Borthakur Partha Protim 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
The study aims to address the significance of fins in enhancing the heat transfer rate of engine cylinders and highlight their applications and advancements in various fields.

Methods:
Thermal analysis of fins using ANSYS Workbench is an invaluable tool for engineers
and researchers in determining and optimizing the heat transfer characteristics of finned structures. ANSYS Workbench provides a comprehensive platform for evaluating the performance of
fins in various applications using simulations of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite
element analysis (FEA). With ANSYS Workbench, it is possible to assess the thermal behaviour
of fins under a variety of conditions, such as variable boundary conditions and thermal loads.
Some significant recent patents on Engine fin are also discussed in this review article.

Results:
Fins are designed to maximize contact with the surrounding air or coolant, thereby facilitating engine heat transfer to the surrounding environment. Engineers can enhance heat dissipation capabilities by considering parameters such as fin geometry, density, material selection,
and manufacturing techniques while minimizing associated drawbacks.

Conclusion:
The numerous applications of fins highlighted in this review article will encourage
researchers to find novel strategies to improve heat transfer by employing fins for use in a variety
of sectors.
Performance Analysis of Semi-refined Digital Forearm Modeling and
Simplified Forearm Model in Electromagnetic Simulation
Authors: Kuang Jiangming , Qin Yuping , Zhang Shuang 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
The objective of this study is to analyze the performance difference between
simplified and digital models based on medical images.

Methods:
According to the characteristics of human anatomy, the finite element simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5 was employed to construct a simplified arm model using cylinders and a digital arm model based on Chinese digital human regarding electroacupuncture therapy as an example. A comparative analysis was then performed considering three aspects: mesh
number, potential distribution, and resource consumption.

Results:
Through analysis, the digital arm model based on Chinese digital human requires significantly more mesh cells than the simplified arm model in mesh generation. Meanwhile, because
the digital arm model based on the Chinese digital human fully expresses the nonuniformity of the
tissue distribution in a real human body, its signal distribution in its interior is also relatively scattered, and the coupling potential slightly differs at the electrode vertex with the smallest change.
In addition, the digital arm model has much higher resource consumption and computer hardware
resource requirements compared with the simplified arm model.

Conclusion:
As a result, the digital model based on the Chinese digital human can more fully express the tissue distribution and electrical signal characteristics of a real human body. However,
due to its high computational requirements, appropriate simplification can be selected to improve
the computational efficiency of the model in practical applications.
Exposure to Low-Frequency Radiation Changes the Expression of Nestin, VEGF, BCRP and Apoptosis Markers During Glioma Treatment Strategy:
An In Vitro Study
Authors: Amirinejad Maryam , Eftekhar-Vaghefi Seyed Hassan , Nematollahi Mahani Seyed Noureddin , Salari Moein , Yahyapour Rasoul , Ahmadi-Zeidabadi Meysam 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Exposure to physical contamination during chemotherapy, including
non-ionizing electromagnetic fields, raises concerns about the widespread sources of exposure
to this type of radiation. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive central nervous
system tumor that is hard to treat due to resistance to drugs such as temozolomide (TMZ).

Objective:
Electromagnetic fields (EMF) and haloperidol (HLP) may have anticancer effects. In
this study, we investigated the effects of TMZ, HLP, and EMF on GBM cell lines and analyzed
the association between non-ionizing radiation and the risk of change in drug performance.

Methods:
Cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were measured by MTT
and NBT assay, respectively. Then, the expression levels of breast cancer-resistant protein
(BCRP), Bax, Bcl2, Nestin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) genes, and P53, Bax,
and Bcl2 Proteins were evaluated by real-time PCR and western blot.

Results:
Co-treatment of GBM cells by HLP and TMZ enhanced apoptosis in T-98G and A172
cells by increasing the expression of P53 and Bax and decreasing Bcl-2. Interestingly, exposure
of GBM cells to EMF decreased apoptosis in the TMZ+HLP group.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, EMF reduced the synergistic effect of TMZ and HLP. This hypothesis
that patients who are treated for brain tumors and suffer from depression should not be
exposed to EMF is proposed in the present study. There appears to be an urgent need to reconsider
exposure limits for low-frequency magnetic fields, based on experimental and epidemiological
research, the relationship between exposure to non-ionizing radiation and adverse human
health effects.
Distant Supervision-based Relation Extraction for Literature-Related
Biomedical Knowledge Graph Construction
Authors: Hua Rui , Zhou Xuezhong , Shu Zixin , Yan Dengying , Yang Kuo , Wang Xinyan , Cheng Chuang , Zhu Qiang 
Published: October 2023

Background:
The task of relation extraction is a crucial component in the construction
of a knowledge graph. However, it often necessitates a significant amount of manual annotation,
which can be time-consuming and expensive. Distant supervision, as a technique, seeks to mitigate
this challenge by generating a large volume of pseudo-training data at a minimal cost,
achieved by mapping triple facts onto the raw text.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to explore the novelty and potential of the distant supervisionbased
relation extraction approach. By leveraging this innovative method, we aim to enhance
knowledge reliability and facilitate new knowledge discovery, establishing associations between
knowledge from specific biomedical data or existing knowledge graphs and literature.

Methods:
This study presents a methodology to construct a biomedical knowledge graph employing
distant supervision techniques. Through establishing links between knowledge entities and
relevant literature sources, we methodically extract and integrate information, thereby expanding
and enriching the knowledge graph. This study identified five types of biomedical entities (e.g.,
diseases, symptoms and genes) and four kinds of relationships. These were linked to PubMed literature
and divided into training and testing datasets. To mitigate data noise, the training set underwent
preprocessing, while the testing set was manually curated.

Results:
In our research, we successfully associated 230,698 triples from the existing knowledge
graph with relevant literature. Furthermore, we identified additional 205,148 new triples directly
sourced from these studies.

Conclusion:
Our study markedly advances the field of biomedical knowledge graph enrichment,
particularly in the context of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). By validating a substantial
number of triples through literature associations and uncovering over 200,000 new triples, we
have made a significant stride in promoting the development of evidence-based medicine in TCM.
The results underscore the potential of using a distant supervision-based relation extraction approach
to both validate and expand knowledge bases, contributing to the broader progression of
evidence-based practices in the realm of TCM.
Therapeutic Potential of Piperine: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Singh Sonia , Shukla Arpit 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:Piperine, an alkaloid from black pepper, has demonstrated diverse pharmacological properties and potential therapeutic applications. Piperine content varies with the pepper plant and ranges from 2 to 7.4% in black pepper. Piperine possesses remarkable biological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective qualities. Its ability to affect numerous signaling pathways and biological targets implicated in disease development is responsible for these functions. Studies have shown piperine to have high antioxidant activity, which aids in reducing oxidative stress and preventing cellular damage. It has been established that its anti-inflammatory effects suppress the generation of pro-inflammatory mediators, thereby relieving inflammation-related diseases. This review emphasizes and examines piperine's medical and health-promoting benefits and proposed mechanisms of action in health promotion and illness prevention.
Environmental Sustainability Achievement on Diesel Engine Emissions Using Mahua Biodiesel Influenced by Graphite
Authors: Nachippan N. Murugu , Padmanabhan S. , Parthasarathy M. 
Published: October 2023

Aims:
To assess the performance and emission parameters of graphite-included mahua
biodiesel at various proportions such as 10 ppm, 40 ppm, and 70 ppm.

Background:
The fuels derived from petroleum are harmful to the environment and deplete traditional
energy sources. The discovery of alternative fuels has paved the way for various options.
Studies suggest replacing diesel with vegetable oils. Neat vegetable oil has a high viscosity and
low volatility characteristics, making it unsuitable for diesel engines.

Methods:
Transesterification of mahua seed oil produces biodiesel with graphite distributed in
varying concentrations by ultra sonification. Mahua biodiesel shows reduced viscosity compared to
neat vegetable oil, and it will be used as diesel in diesel engines. Graphite nanoparticles contained
in mahua biodiesel mix (B30) indicate improved brake thermal efficiency, reduced brake-specific
fuel consumption, and reduced carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide, and
smoke density.

Conclusion:
The results of this investigation showed that multi-cylinder diesel engines with direct
injection can use optimal blend B30, which incorporates graphite nanoparticles, without requiring
any modifications to the engine.
Organocatalysis for the Chemical Fixation of Carbon Dioxide to Synthesise
N-Heterocycles
Authors: Esteves Henrique , Morais Costa Nathália Evelyn , Tomazett Vinicius Kalil , Milani Jorge Luiz Sônego , das Chagas Rafael Pavão , de Fátima Ângelo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Organocatalysed reactions are becoming powerful tools in the construction of complex
molecular skeletons. It gains extra importance when used as a chemical approach to the chemical
fixation of carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon dioxide is an increasingly dangerous environmental hazard
as the global climate temperature rises through the greenhouse effect. Meanwhile, in the past decades,
significant advances can be noted in the use of organocatalysis for CO2 capture and its conversion
into valuable chemicals. Therefore, herein we review a full set of organocatalysts used in CO2
fixation for the synthesis of N-heterocycles since they are present in several chemical structures with
biological relevance.