bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propagation properties of inertia–gravity waves through a barotropic shear layer and application to the Antarctic polar vortex
Authors: Öllers M. C. , Kamp L. P. J. , Lott F. , Velthoven P. F. J. VAN , Kelder H. M. , Sluijter F. W. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe propagation of inertia–gravity waves (IGWs) through a dynamical transport barrier, such as the Antarctic polar vortex edge is investigated using a linear wave model. The model is based on the linearized, inviscid hydrostatic equations on an f‐plane. Typical values for the parameters that are appropriate to the Antarctic polar vortex are given. The background flow U is assumed to be barotropic and its horizontal shear is represented by a hyperbolic tangent background wind profile. The wave equation that describes the latitudinal structure of a monochromatic disturbance contains two singularities. The first corresponds to the occurrence of a critical level where the intrinsic wave frequency Ω=ω−kU becomes zero. ω is the absolute wave frequency and k its longitudinal wave number in the direction of U. The second is an apparent singularity and does not give rise to singular wave behaviour. It becomes zero whenever the square of the intrinsic wave frequency Ω2=f(f−Uy), f being the Coriolis frequency and Uy the horizontal shear of the flow. The wave equation is solved numerically for different values of the angles of incidence of the wave upon the background flow, of the wave frequency, of the horizontal wave number and of the Rossby number. Reflection (|R|) and transmission (|T|) coefficients are determined as a function of these parameters. The results depend on whether the flow is inertially stable or not. They also depend on the presence and location of the turning levels, where the wave becomes evanescent, with respect to the location of the Ω‐critical levels. For inertially stable flows, the wave totally reflects at the turning level and never reaches the critical level. If the background flow is inertially unstable, turning levels can disappear and the wave can now reach the critical level. Then over‐reflection, over‐transmission and absorption can occur. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society
Our neighborhood: Using entertaining children's television to promote interethnic understanding in Macedonia
Authors: Shochat Lisa 
Published: September 2003

AbstractNashe Maalo (Our Neighborhood in Macedonian) is a television series designed to encourage mutual respect
and understanding among ethnic Albanian, Macedonian, Roma, and Turkish youths ages seven to twelve. Grounded in the belief that entertaining media
programming can play an important role in conflict transformation, Nashe Maalo's research results show that the series is popular,
that children understand what they watch, and that the series holds significant potential to affect children's attitudes and behavior.
System identification on the seismic behavior of an isolated bridge
Authors: Lee Zheng‐Kuan , Wu Tzu‐Hsiu , Loh Chin‐Hsiung 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSeismic isolation devices and technology have been developed in the last two decades and the first seismic‐isolated bridge, Bai‐Ho Bridge, in Taiwan was completed in 1999. This bridge was equipped with a seismic monitoring system under the Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (TSMIP). On 22 October 1999, a moderate earthquake took place and struck the bridge. The seismic monitoring sensors were normally triggered and produced an intact time history for the health monitoring of the bridge system. The data set provided valuable records about the seismic response of the isolation bridge structure. This paper uses this data to explore the vibration mechanism of Bai‐Ho Bridge. The analysis includes (1) the global dynamic behavior identification and (2) the local component mechanism of the bridge such as the LRB and boundary condition between the deck and the abutments. Both the EMD+HHT method and the non‐linear parametric model were used to identify the model of the bridge structure. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Land degradation in Bronze Age Germany: Archaeological, pedological, and chronometrical evidence from a hilltop settlement on the Frauenberg, Niederbayern
Authors: Lang Andreas , Niller Hans‐Peter , Rind Michael M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of early agriculture and land use in the vicinity of a Bronze Age fortress at Weltenburg, Germany. Sediments and soils found below archaeological structures are compared with sediments and soils surrounding these structures. A chronology is established using relative archaeological dating,14C dating of charcoal fragments, TL dating of heated objects, and OSL dating of sediments. Results demonstrate dramatic environmental changes that occurred as early as the Bronze Age. Erosion resulting from agriculture stripped away most Holocene soils and Pleistocene sediments, transforming the natural landscape into a severely degraded cultural landscape. Since the Bronze Age, only minor changes have occurred because agriculture is limited on the degraded soils and the clay‐rich soil remnants are resistant to further erosion. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neurite‐localized estrogen receptor‐α mediates rapid signaling by estrogen
Authors: Xu Yun , Traystman Richard J. , Hurn Patricia D. , Wang Michael M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractClassically, estrogen acts on cells by directly activating gene transcription driven by ligand‐bound nuclear estrogen receptors (ER). Accumulating evidence demonstrates that estrogen acts on neurons by utilizing diverse molecular mechanisms, including rapid signaling by proteins localized to the plasma membrane. Recent studies showing that ERα localizes to axons and dendrites of hippocampal neurons suggest that nonnuclear stores of the receptor may transduce estrogen signaling. Here, we have studied the subcellular localization, dynamic regulation, and function of ERα in mouse cortical neurons. Estrogen‐stimulated mouse cortical neurons activate both estrogen response element (ERE) stimulated transcription and rapid activation of p44/42 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK). We demonstrate that green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐tagged ERα localizes to neurites in cultured cortical neurons and that the expression within neurites can be down‐regulated by estrogen or up‐regulated by antiestrogen administered during synthesis. Neurite ERα appears to be directed to neurites directly from its site of translation and not from nuclear stores. By using confocal microscopy, we show that ERα within neurites stimulates local activation of p44/42 MAP kinases in response to estrogen. We conclude that hormonal status alters subcellular ERα targeting in cortical neurons and that neurite‐expressed ERα is important in the activation of local MAPK signaling. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protective effects of sesamin and sesamolin on hypoxic neuronal and PC12 cells
Authors: Hou Rolis Chien‐Wei , Huang Hsueh‐Meei , Tzen Jason T.C. , Jeng Kee‐Ching G. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) are important mediators of a variety of pathological processes, including inflammation and ischemic injury. The neuroprotective effects of sesame antioxidants, sesamin and sesamolin, against hypoxia or H2O2‐induced cell injury were evaluated by cell viability or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Sesamin and sesamolin reduced LDH release of PC12 cells under hypoxia or H2O2‐stress in a dose‐dependent manner. Dichlorofluorescein (DCF)‐sensitive ROS production was induced in PC12 cells by hypoxia or H2O2‐stress but was diminished in the presence of sesamin and sesamolin. We evaluated further the role of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and caspase‐3 in hypoxia‐induced PC12 cell death. Extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1, c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPKs of signaling pathways were activated during hypoxia. We found that the inhibition of MAPKs and caspase‐3 by sesamin and sesamolin correlated well with the reduction in LDH release under hypoxia. Furthermore, the hypoxia‐induced apoptotic‐like cell death in cultured cortical cells as detected by a fluorescent DNA binding dye was reduced significantly by sesamin and sesamolin. Taken together, these results suggest that the protective effect of sesamin and sesamolin on hypoxic neuronal and PC12 cells might be related to suppression of ROS generation and MAPK activation. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel putative nonprotein‐coding RNA gene from 11q14 displays decreased expression in brains of patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Polesskaya Oxana O. , Haroutunian Vahram , Davis Kenneth L. , Hernandez Ivan , Sokolov Boris P. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA modified method of differential display was employed to identify a novel gene (namedPSZA11q14), the expression of which was reduced in brains from patients with schizophrenia. Decreased expression ofPSZA11q14was identified initially in Brodmann's area (BA) 21 from a small group of patients with schizophrenia (n= 4) and normal controls (n= 6) and was confirmed subsequently using independent RT‐PCR assay in BA 21, 22, and 9, and in hippocampus from a larger group of patients with schizophrenia (n= 36) and controls (n= 35).PSZA11q14is located on chromosome 11q14, an area shown previously to co‐segregate with schizophrenia and related disorders in several families. Decreased expression ofPSZA11q14in patients with schizophrenia and its location on 11q14 provide converging lines of evidence indicating thatPSZA11q14may be involved in at least some cases of schizophrenia.PSZA11q14shows no significant homology with any known gene. It has no introns and produces two RNA transcripts of ∼4.5 and ∼7.0 kb. The largest open reading frame (ORF) in thePSZA11q14transcripts may potentially encode for a short polypeptide of 71 amino acids. High frequency of rare codons, the short size of this ORF, and low homology with mouse sequences, however, indicate thatPSZA11q14may instead represent a novel member of a family of nonprotein‐coding RNA genes that are not translated and that function at the RNA level.PSZA11q14is located within the first intron of theDLG‐2gene and transcribed in the opposite direction toDLG‐2. These results suggest thatPSZA11q14may be considered a candidate gene for schizophrenia acting as an antisense regulator ofDLG‐2, which controls assembling functionalN‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reinterpretation of a metaphor: from stakes to claims
Authors: Waxenberger Bernhard , Spence Laura J. 
Published: September 2003

Abstract

Stakeholder theory is a necessary approach to managing successful firms in today's complex economic, social, ethical and environmental context.
Strategists wishing to apply stakeholder theory need to have a full understanding of the intricacies of this developing concept.
A thorough application of stakeholder management requires a culture of openness and dialogue and awareness of organizational values.
It is proposed that an ethically defensible approach to stakeholder theory is one that identifies key stakeholders by considering those with legitimate claims on the firm rather than just those with significant stakes in it.

Stakeholder theory is a potentially important perspective in the successful management of the firm. This entails acknowledging the importance of groups other than stockholders, to encompass those who have an effect on, or are affected by, the organization. The theory has been adopted by those concerned with business ethics, as a means of leveraging consideration of corporate responsibilities into management discourses. In reviewing the development of stakeholder theory, it is held to be lacking in its normative foundations. Rather than focus on stakeholders, it is argued that managers should seek to engage with claimholders — those who have a legitimate claim on the firm. Key stakeholders need to be identified in line with organizational values. The mechanisms for ensuring an open dialogue need to be established and maintained. The stakeholder model when applied properly is a complex undertaking involving full commitment by participating organizations, coupled with a detailed understanding of the intricacies of the concept. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tourism flows between India and Singapore
Authors: Yahya Faizal 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe tourism industry has become increasingly important as a source of revenue and employment for countries in Southeast Asia. Within the Southeast Asian region, intraregional travel has also seen an upsurge since the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997. More attention is also being paid to attract other Asian tourists from China, India, Japan and South Korea to the region. Competition to be tourism hubs in the region has seen countries such as Singapore developing an array of incentives to entice inbound foreign tourists to its shores. The aim of this paper is to examine the growing importance of India as a source of inbound tourists for countries in Southeast Asia and in particular Singapore. India is an apt case study because of its long historical and cultural links with the region. Another main motivation for examining inbound tourists from India is India's engagement with the Southeast Asian region through its ‘Look East’ policy. Following from its economic reforms and liberalisation of 1991, India has sought to strengthen economic links with ASEAN member states through a range of economic sectors including tourism. The 1991 Indian economic liberalisation has also created an upsurge of Indian business travellers who are exploring investment and business opportunities in the Southeast Asian region. With India's economic liberalisation of 1991, an expanding middle class has come to view foreign travel as a necessity. In turn, ASEAN member states, such as Singapore in particular, which is heavily dependent on its services sector, including tourism, for revenue, have chosen to regionalise its tourism operations by collaborating and investing in projects in India to woo more Indian tourists. Competition in the tourism sector among ASEAN countries has increased the urgency for Singapore to reinvent itself to attract foreign tourists and implement a number of initiatives to maintain its share of the tourism market. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compilation of dictionaries for semantic attribute analysis of television news captions
Authors: Ide Ichiro , Hamada Reiko , Sakai Shuichi , Tanaka Hidehiko 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWith the increase in the amount of video that is broadcast daily, there is an increasing need for storage of video in a systematic way for future reuse and retrieval. In particular, from the viewpoint of importance and usability, it is desirable to index news videos. For adequate automatic indexing based on the text information in the video, it is not sufficient to apply the simple index extraction and annotation methods which have been widely used in conventional methods. It is important to select index candidates with reference to semantic attributes. The purpose of this study is to compile dictionaries which are needed for analyzing the semantic attributes of captions (noun phrases) in TV news videos. We describe the process by which words are extracted from text corpora and a thesaurus for storage on the basis of specified conditions. The quality of the dictionaries is examined by analysis of the semantic attributes of the words appearing in actual news videos, and the results are presented. In evaluation experiments in which an existing proper noun dictionary and temporal noun dictionary were combined and used, a recall of 79 to 93% and a precision of 41 to 71% were obtained. Although the precision is low in this result, it is concluded that the compiled dictionaries are of practical use for indexing since the recall is more important in that case. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(12): 32–44, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10417
An indexing technique using relative approximation for high‐dimensional data
Authors: Sakurai Yasushi , Yoshikawa Masatoshi , Uemura Shunsuke , Kojima Haruhiko 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe present a new index structure, the VR‐tree, for similarity search in high‐dimensional vector space. The motivation of the VR‐tree is based on the comparison and analysis of the two best access methods proposed so far: the SR‐tree and the VA‐File. Since no result on the comparison between the SR‐tree and the VA‐File is available, we have performed experiments comparing these two access methods. The experiments reveal that these methods each have their problems. The SR‐tree offers better performance for nonuniformly distributed data sets. However, as dimensionality increases, large volume of entries in nonleaf nodes causes higher search cost. In contrast, the VA‐File is not fit to search for nonuniformly and practical data sets since data skew weakens the effect of filtering by approximation file, which consequently degrades the search performance of the VA‐File. Based on analysis of the experimental results, we introduce the VR‐tree (Virtual/Real tree), a new index structure which overcomes the problems and achieves higher search performance. The basic idea of the VR‐tree is the introduction ofVirtual Bounding Rectangle (VBR)andrelative cell, which contains and approximates MBR and data object, respectively. We also introduce algorithms based onrelative approximationfor VBRs and relative cells. Since the volume of entries in nodes is extremely small on tree structures which are constructed by the algorithm of relative approximation, it leads to low search cost. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the VR‐tree. For real data sets, the VR‐tree outperforms the SR‐tree and the VA‐File in all ranges of dimensionality up to 64 dimensions, which is the highest dimension in our experiments. The VR‐tree achieves 78.1% (78.6%, resp.) savings in page accesses compared to the SR‐tree (the VA‐File, resp.) for 64‐dimensional real data. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(12): 77–91, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1218
Robust language modeling for a small corpus of target tasks using class‐combined word statistics and selective use of a general corpus
Authors: Wada Yosuke , Kobayashi Norihiko , Kobayashi Tetsunori 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn order to improve the accuracy of language models in speech recognition tasks for which collecting a large text corpus for language model training is difficult, we propose a class‐combined bigram and selective use of general text. In the class‐combined bigram, the word bigram and the class bigram are combined using weights that are expressed as the functions of the preceding word frequency and the succeeding word‐type count. An experiment has shown that the accuracy of the proposed class‐combined bigram is equivalent to that of the word bigram trained with a text corpus that is approximately three times larger. In the selective use of general text, the language model was corrected by automatically selecting sentences that were expected to produce better accuracy from a large volume of text collected without specifying the task and by adding these sentences to a small corpus of target tasks. An experiment has shown that the recognition error rate was reduced by up to 12% compared to a case in which text was not selected. Lastly, when we created a model that uses both the class‐combined bigram and text addition, further improvements were obtained, resulting in improvements of approximately 34% in adjusted perplexity and approximately 31% in the recognition error rate compared to the word bigram created from the target task text only. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(12): 92–102, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1219
Implementation of a tracer for debugging concurrent processes of a multiagent system
Authors: Ozono Tadachika , Shintani Toramatsu 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis paper deals with the implementation of a tracer in a development environment for multiagent systems, where debugging is a major problem. A multiagent system consists of concurrent processes, so that debugging such a system involves difficulties related to the debugging of concurrent processes. We describe a tracer for debugging a multiagent system. A tracer is a program that traces program execution and obtains information on its status. Debugging by a tracer causes a problem called the probe effect, in which the debugger's interference with the program causes changes in its behavior. The probe effect is a major problem in debugging parallel processes. The tracer that we propose can limit the probe effect arising from delay in execution of an agent caused by the tracer. This tracer adjusts the execution speed of non‐debugged agents in accordance with the execution delay of the debugged agent in order to limit the probe effect. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(12): 103–111, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1220
So what's new about complexity?
Authors: Murray Peter J. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis paper addresses the extent to which the insights of what is called the New Sciences (Catastrophe, Chaos and Complexity Theory) for organizational life are novel, and to what extent they do not take managers much further forward than other theories which have questioned a classical or reductionist view of management. The link to the conference theme is provided by a new model which sets out to define four levels of complexity (sic), dependent on the system exclusivity (degree of complexity) and endurance (degree of change).The past ten years have seen a growth of interest in the insights which ‘management complexity’ claims to provide for modern management. This author has felt uncomfortable that many of these insights are in fact little different from insights of previous writers, and that the lack of evidence for their applicability in natural science systems, let alone organizational situations, means that they have little proven value beyond (in some cases powerful) metaphors.The paper takes a number of the characteristics of complex systems (the phrase will include catastrophic and chaotic systems), and the insights which are claimed for management complexity, and will relate these to other (non‐complexity) writings, in some cases going back over decades. It uses a case study relating to the author's own experience in teaching on MBA programmes to demonstrate the value of complexity ideas, but will evaluate these against alternative insights, again demonstrating the relationships between complexity and change. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shape difference visualization for ancient bronze mirrors through 3D range images
Authors: Masuda Tomohito , Imazu Setsuo , Auethavekiat Supatana , Furuya Tsuyoshi , Kawakami Kunihiko , Ikeuchi Katsushi 
Published: September 2003

AbstractJapanese archaeologists have paid special attention to ancient Chinese bronze mirrors because the mirrors may provide a key for the exact location of Yamatai State, which is one of the major archaeological controversies. Currently, archaeologists visually analyse ancient Chinese bronze mirrors for their shape difference. The practice requires a huge amount of time and effort. In this paper, we propose an automatic method for detecting the shape difference between a pair of ancient mirrors. The 3D data of the mirrors are obtained using a laser range scanner. Our algorithm then aligns them into the same coordinate and visualizes their shape differences. Our proposed algorithm provides fast and non‐damaging analysis for shape difference. Further analysis can be evaluated on our data instead of the actual mirror, so it can be performed by more than one group of archaeologists. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.