bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations Between Systemic Status, Periodontal Status, Serum Cytokine Levels, and Delivery Outcomes in Pregnant Women with a Diagnosis of Threatened Premature Labor
Authors: Hasegawa Kozue , Furuichi Yasushi , Shimotsu Akihiro , Nakamura Masahiro , Yoshinaga Mitsuhiro , Kamitomo Masato , Hatae Masayuki , Maruyama Ikuro , Izumi Yuichi 
Published: February 2005

Background: Threatened premature labor (TPL) often results in preterm birth (PB). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the associations of periodontal and general health conditions with TPL and PB in relation to serum cytokine levels and the composition of subgingival plaque.Methods: Eighty‐eight women were enrolled in the study. Systemic conditions were assessed, and subgingival plaque samples obtained for bacterial analysis. Periodontal examinations included assessments of plaque, gingivitis, clinical attachment level, probing depth, and bleeding on probing. Serum cytokine levels also were analyzed. Gestational age at delivery was recorded, and the mothers were divided into a TPL or non‐TPL group, and into a non‐TPL‐TB (term birth), non‐TPL‐PB, TPL‐TB, or TPL‐PB group, accordingly.Results: Forty subjects were classified as TPL and 18 as TPLPB. There were significant differences between the TPL and non‐ TPL subjects in several of the systemic and periodontal parameters and serum cytokine levels. Significant differences were observed between the TPL‐TB and TPL‐PB groups in the percentage of Tannerella forsythensis (Tf, formerly Bacteroides forsythus), and the serum interleukin (IL)‐8 and IL‐1β levels. Significant negative correlations between the gestational age at delivery and several periodontal parameters and serum IL‐8 and IL‐1β levels, and significant positive correlations between periodontal status and serum IL‐8 and IL‐1β levels, were observed.Conclusions: The TPL women revealed worsened periodontal conditions and elevated serum IL‐8 and IL‐1β levels compared to the non‐TPL women. The elevated levels of serum IL‐8 and IL‐1β could have affected the maintenance of the proper uterinefetus relationship, resulting in premature uterine contractions. J Periodontol 2003;74:1764‐1770.
Anabolic Potential of Fibroblasts from Chronically Inflamed Gingivae Grown in a Hyperglycemic Culture Medium in the Presence or Absence of Insulin and Nicotine
Authors: Soory M. , Tilakaratne A. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Impaired fibroblast function due to hyperglycemia shows reversal in response to insulin. The aim of this investigation was to use a hyperglycemic cell‐culture model to study the anabolic products of androgen metabolism in fibroblasts in response to insulin and nicotine.Methods: Human gingival fibroblasts were derived from chronically inflamed gingivae of six nondiabetic periodontal patients with no history of smoking. Six cell lines were established in monolayer culture in 24 well multiwell plates, and duplicate incubations were performed with each cell line for all three experiments. Eagle's minimum essential medium was used in a range of individual experiments, with radiolabeled testosterone as substrate, in the presence or absence of (1) glucose (1 to 4,000 µg/ml); (2) insulin (1 to 100 µg/ml) independently; (3) an effective concentration of glucose (500 µg/ml) with serial concentrations of insulin (1 to 100 µg/ml); and (4) effective concentrations of nicotine (250 µg/ml), glucose, and their combinations in response to insulin (5 µg/ml). The controls contained no agents other than the radiolabeled substrate. At the end of a 24‐hour incubation period, the medium was solvent extracted with ethyl acetate, and androgen metabolites were separated by thinlayer chromatography and were quantified using a radioisotope scanner.Results: The androgen substrate 14C‐testosterone was metabolized mainly to 5α‐dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 4‐androstenedione. (1) Glucose at a concentration of 500 µg/ml reduced yields of DHT by 36% (n = 6; P <0.01). (2) Insulin caused a small but significant inhibition of DHT in normoglycemic cells. (3) Serial concentrations of insulin significantly counteracted the inhibitory effects of glucose on the yields of DHT (n = 6; P <0.01). (4) The independent inhibitory effects of nicotine and glucose on metabolic yields of DHT were marginally more pronounced in combination but significantly overcome in the presence of insulin.Conclusion: Human gingival fibroblasts obtained from chronically inflamed tissue of nondiabetic patients demonstrated that the inhibitory effects of glucose and nicotine on androgen metabolism can be overcome by insulin, in varying degrees. J Periodontol 2003;74:1771‐1777.
Blood Test Values and Community Periodontal Index Scores in Medical Checkup Recipients
Authors: Takami Yuko , Nakagaki Haruo , Morita Ichizo , Tsuboi Shinji , Takami Shuji , Suzuki Noriko , Niwa Hisae , Ogura Yukio 
Published: February 2005

Background: We examined the blood test values of people who received general medical checkups and their Community Periodontal Index (CPI) score.Methods: A total of 7,452 persons (5,742 males and 1,710 females), who had general medical and dental checkups, were the subjects of the study. Many were people who worked for companies in and around Nagoya and their family members, ranging in age from 16 to 80 years. The blood test in our study consisted of 37 items used in general blood tests. Partial‐mouth recordings were used to measure CPI scores. The highest CPI score for each subject was used for analysis. Odds ratios and confidence interval values were obtained using the Mantel‐Haenszel method to analyze the results.Results: CPI scores of 3 and 4 were related to the test values of high‐density‐lipoprotein cholesterol, serum iron, white blood cell count, fasting blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin A1, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, and C‐reactive protein.Conclusion: Blood test values tended to show correlations with CPI scores, more clearly seen in males than in females. J Periodontol 2003;74:1778‐1784.
Vertical Distance from the Crest of Bone to the Height of the Interproximal Papilla Between Adjacent Implants
Authors: Tarnow Dennis , Elian Nicolas , Fletcher Paul , Froum Stuart , Magner Ann , Cho Sang‐Choon , Salama Maurice , Salama Henry , Garber David A. 
Published: February 2005

Background: As patient demand increases for more natural restorations in the esthetic zone, clinicians must have the highest level of skill and knowledge to maintain or reform the interdental papilla between teeth, between implants and teeth, and between adjacent implants. To date, there are no reports that have measured the distance from the contact point to the bony crest between implants. One reason for this may be the fact that, with two adjacent implants, the contact point of the crown can be established at any distance from the gingival margin according to the restorative dentist's specifications. Therefore, in this study, the height of the soft tissue to the crest of bone was measured between two adjacent implants independent of the location of the contact point. The purpose of this study was to determine the range and average height of tissue between two adjacent implants.Methods: A total of 136 interimplant papillary heights were examined in 33 patients by eight different examiners in five private dental offices. After administration of appropriate local anesthesia, a standardized periodontal probe was placed vertically from the height of the papilla to the crest of bone. The measurements were rounded off to the nearest millimeter.Results: The mean height of papillary tissue between two adjacent implants was 3.4 mm, with a range of 1 mm to 7 mm.Conclusions: Clinicians should proceed with great caution when placing two implants adjacent to each other in the esthetic zone. In most cases, only 2, 3, or 4 mm of soft tissue height (average 3.4 mm) can be expected to form over the interimplant crest of bone. These results showed that modification of treatment plans may be necessary when esthetics are critical for success. J Periodontol 2003;74:1785‐1788.
Periodontal Health, Salivary Status, and Metabolic Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Aren Gamze , Sepet Elif , Özdemır Didem , Dınççağ Nevin , Güvener Bora , Firatli Erhan 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether detectable periodontal destruction and alterations in the salivary status were present with duration of diabetes in children with type 1 insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1 DM) as compared to healthy controls.Methods: Sixteen newly diagnosed children with DM (group 1), 16 children with type 1 DM of long duration (group 2), and 16 healthy children (group 3) participated in the study. Periodontal health was assessed by plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, and periodontal probing depths. The flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, and peroxidase activities of stimulated saliva were determined. The data were analyzed by Kruskall‐Wallis, Student t test, and Pearson's correlation analysis.Results: The mean values for fasting blood glucose levels for the diabetic groups were significantly higher than for the controls. The mean values for salivary buffering capacities and salivary pH from the diabetic groups were significantly lower than for the controls. The plaque index values for the diabetic groups were significantly higher than for the controls. The mean gingival index value for group 1 was significantly lower than for group 2. The mean periodontal probing depths for group 1 were similar to those of the non‐DM controls, but the mean periodontal probing depths for group 2 were significantly greater than for both the non‐DM controls and group 1. Group 1 had significantly greater bleeding on probing scores than did the other groups (P <0.05).Conclusion: The glycemic status of the diabetic subjects affects the periodontal probing depths, salivary pH, buffering capacity, and peroxidase activity. J Periodontol 2003;74:1789‐1795.
Distribution of Interleukin‐1β+3954 and IL‐1α–889 Genetic Variations in a Thai Population Group
Authors: Anusaksathien Orasa , Sukboon Angkana , Sitthiphong Piyawan , Teanpaisan Rawee 
Published: February 2005

Background: The severe form of chronic periodontitis (CP) has been reported to be strongly associated with the presence of allele 2 of composite IL‐1β+3954 and IL‐1α–889 genetic polymorphisms (genotype positive). However, other studies have reported conflicting findings, not only on the association between the composite IL‐1 gene polymorphisms and CP, but also the link between IL‐1 gene polymorphisms and aggressive periodontitis (AgP). These might have resulted from differences in ethnic background and disease entities. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of IL‐1β+3954 and IL‐1α–889 genetic polymorphisms in a group of Thai subjects based on their periodontal status, including CP, AgP, and healthy groups.Methods: A total of 123 Thai subjects were clinically and radiographically assessed for their periodontal status. Blood samples were collected by fingerstick and adsorbed onto filter paper. The IL‐1β+3954 and IL‐1α–889 genotypes were performed by polymerase chain reaction, digested with restriction enzymes, and separated by gel electrophoresis.Results: The distribution of allele 1 homozygous genotype was 97.6% and 84.6% for IL‐1β+3954 and IL‐1α–889, respectively. No allele 2 homozygous genotype was detected in either of these two gene loci. Only 1.6% (2 out of 123) of the subjects were genotype positive, which was too low to determine the association between the composite genotype of IL‐1β+3954 and IL‐1α–889 and severe forms of periodontal disease.Conclusion: Genetic polymorphism of IL‐1 genes in these two loci may not be useful in predicting the severity of periodontal disease in the Thai ethnic group. J Periodontol 2003;74:1796‐1802.
Favorable Healing Following Space Creation in rhBMP‐2–Induced Periodontal Regeneration of Horizontal Circumferential Defects in Dogs with Experimental Periodontitis
Authors: Saito Emiko , Saito Akira , Kawanami Masamitsu 
Published: February 2005

Background: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) is believed to be capable of inducing periodontal regeneration. However, the risk of aberrant healing events, such as root resorption and ankylosis, has been reported. We hypothesized that implantation of BMP‐containing carriers directly on the root planed surface may be the cause of unfavorable healing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of a 1 mm spacer membrane, which separated the rhBMP‐2 in polymer‐coated gelatin sponge (PGS) and the root surface, on periodontal regeneration of experimentally induced horizontal defects in dogs.Methods: Horizontal circumferential periodontal defects were surgically created, and experimental periodontitis was induced in 72 maxillary and mandibular premolars of four male beagle dogs. The recipient sites of each quadrant received: 1) rhBMP‐2/PGS (B group) (rhBMP‐2 at 1.0 mg/ml, total implant volume/ site ∼ 7.2 µl) (n = 24); 2) rhBMP‐2/PGS with a spacer membrane (PB group) (n = 24); and 3) physiological saline (PS)/PGS as a control (P group) (n = 24). One quadrant was left untreated. Dogs were sacrificed at 12 weeks post‐surgery, and healing was evaluated histologically.Results: Both groups treated with rhBMP‐2/PGS demonstrated enhanced new bone formation and connective tissue attachment with cementum regeneration when compared to the control group. Sites treated with rhBMP‐2/PGS showed a greater degree of bone formation than sites treated with rhBMP‐2/PGS and spacer membrane, although the latter sites showed no ankylosis.Conclusions: Implantation of rhBMP‐2/PGS enhances bone formation and connective tissue attachment in horizontal circumferential defects. In addition, the use of a spacer membrane reduces the degree of bone formation, but minimizes ankylosis. J Periodontol 2003;74:1808‐1815.
Conversion from Cyclosporin A to Tacrolimus as a Non‐Surgical Alternative to Reduce Gingival Enlargement: A Preliminary Case Series
Authors: Hernández Gonzalo , Arriba Lorenzo , Cruz Frías María , de la Macorra José Carlos , de Vicente Juan Carlos , Jiménez Carlos , de Andrés Amado , Moreno Enrique 
Published: February 2005

Background: Gingival enlargement (GE) is a frequent side effect that occurs in organ transplant recipients (OTR) after the administration of cyclosporin A (CsA). The availability of new drugs used to suppress graft rejection in OTR offers an opportunity to manage GE non‐surgically. This preliminary case series aimed to analyze the effect of CsA withdrawal and its substitution by another immunosuppressant in OTR with severe GE.Methods: Four organ transplant recipients who had received a liver or renal allograft were recruited for this study. All OTR had developed clinically severe CsA‐induced GE. GE scores were assessed for each patient at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 54 following conversion to tacrolimus. Scaling and root planing were initially performed and repeated monthly during the first 6 months. Careful polishing of the teeth was carried out once every 2 weeks until month 6 and then monthly until month 12. Hygiene instructions and reinforcement to optimize oral hygiene were maintained throughout the study.Results: The four patients showed a rapid decrease in their gingival symptoms and in the size of the gingivae. This change was clinically evident 8 weeks after conversion to tacrolimus. One year later, all the patients experienced GE regression, although some anatomic irregularities persisted in the interdental papillae of one of the patients. No adverse effects from tacrolimus were observed during the study except in one patient who presented headaches.Conclusion: It seems that CsA withdrawal and its conversion to tacrolimus in organ transplant recipients who develop severe gingival enlargement, together with an extensive plaque control program, provide an effective means to control/eliminate gingival hyperplasia, hyperplasia, with minimal risk of graft dysfunction. J Periodontol 2003;74:1816‐1823.
Root Coverage: Comparison of Coronally Positioned Flap With and Without Titanium‐Reinforced Barrier Membrane
Authors: Lins Lauro Henrique Souza , de Lima Antonio Fernando Martorelli , Sallum Antonio Wilson 
Published: February 2005

Background: Various surgical procedures have been proposed as effective treatment methods for recession defects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of root coverage comparing the coronally positioned flap (CPF) with and without guided tissue regeneration (GTR) using a titaniumreinforced expanded polytetrafluoroethylene barrier in paired gingival recession defects.Methods: Procedures were performed in 10 patients having bilateral buccal recession defects ≥2.0 mm on maxillary canines and first premolars. Mucoperiosteal flaps were raised and root surfaces were scaled, planed, and conditioned. Randomly assigned sites received either GTR + CPF or CPF treatment. Clinical parameters measured at baseline and at 6 months after the procedure included gingival recession depth (GRD), clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), keratinized gingival width (KGW), and alveolar crest level (ACL).Results: GRD decreased from 3.4 ± 0.6 mm to 1.9 ± 1.2 mm with GTR (45% root coverage) and from 3.3 ± 0.4 mm to 1.3 ± 0.7 mm with CPF (60% root coverage). The difference in GRD decrease between procedures was significant. CAL, KGW, and PD differences between procedures were not significant. ACL mean gain was significant (1.0 ± 0.6 mm in the GTR group and 0.2 ± 0.3 mm in the CPF group; P <0.05).Conclusions: Both GTR and CPF procedures result in root coverage. The amount of root coverage obtained with CPF was greater than that observed with GTR, although GTR resulted in significantly greater ACL gain. J Periodontol 2003;74:168‐174.
Constitutionally Hyperreactive Neutrophils in Periodontitis
Authors: Fredriksson Margareta I. , Gustafsson Anders K. , Bergström Kurt G. , Åsman Björn E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Neutrophils constitute the first line of host defense, but their extracellular release of oxygen radicals and proteases may cause tissue destruction. Conflicting results have been reported on the neutrophilic production of oxygen radicals in periodontal patients. These may vary with different forms of periodontitis, the pathway of neutrophil activation studied, and the influence of smoking.Methods: Venous blood was taken from 15 patients with severe chronic periodontitis, treated with scaling, with or without surgery. They were matched by age and gender to periodontally healthy controls; all participants were non‐smokers. Peripheral neutrophils from the participants were activated with IgGopsonized bacteria, complement‐opsonized zymosan, or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). The total release of oxygen radicals was measured with luminol‐enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) and the extracellular release of oxygen radicals with isoluminol‐enhanced CL. Antibodies to endotoxin and the concentrations of interleukin (IL)‐8 and acute phase proteins in plasma were analyzed to see if these parameters were related to hyperreactivity of the neutrophils.Results: Neutrophils from periodontal patients had significantly higher CL when activated via the FcγR pathway, measured as both total generation of oxygen radicals and extracellular generation. The neutrophil generation of oxygen radicals was also higher in patients when complement‐opsonized zymosan or PMA was used, but these differences were less pronounced. No significant differences in plasma proteins were found.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the increased CL from peripheral neutrophils in periodontitis may be related to a constitutionally greater responsiveness of the Fcγ‐receptor. J Periodontol 2003;74:219‐224.
Healing Is Delayed in Oral Compared to Dermal Excisional Wounds
Authors: Nooh Nasser , Graves Dana T. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Oral wound healing is reported to occur more rapidly than dermal healing due, in part, to factors in saliva that facilitate the repair process. However, the oral environment also presents challenges to healing that include a large commensal flora and trauma from mastication.Methods: Excisional punch biopsies (1.5 mm) were placed in the scalp and hard palate of mice to create similar wounds with an osseous floor and relatively thick connective tissue walls. Histomorphometric analysis of hematoxylin and eosin‐stained sections was performed at the widest part of each lesion.Results: The rate of epithelial and connective tissue coverage and the amount of new connective tissue formed were delayed in the oral compared to dermal wounds. In addition, the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) was significantly higher and more persistent in the oral wounds.Conclusions: Under conditions where a considerable amount of new connective tissue synthesis is required, oral healing is slower than dermal repair. This may be due to a higher degree of inflammatory stimulation induced by conditions present in the oral environment. J Periodontol 2003;74:242‐246.
Bucco‐Lingual Bone Remodeling Around Implants Placed into Immediate Extraction Sockets: A Case Series
Authors: Covani Ugo , Cornelini Roberto , Barone Antonio 
Published: February 2005

Background: Implants placed immediately after tooth extraction have shown high percentages of clinical success. Few studies in the scientific literature have observed the horizontal bone remodeling in the buccallingual direction after immediate placement of implants. The aim of this study was to analyze bone healing and coronal bone remodeling around 15 implants placed immediately after tooth removal without the use of guided bone regeneration (GBR) techniques.Methods: Ten patients received a total of 15 implants placed immediately after removal of 15 single‐rooted teeth. All implants were placed within the alveolar confines, limiting, in most cases, small periimplant bone defects. After implant placement, the distance from the buccal to lingual bone plate was measured. No membranes or filling materials were used. Primary flap closure was performed in all cases.Results: At second‐stage surgery, all peri‐implant defects were completely filled and the distance from buccal to lingual bone was measured again. The pattern of bone healing around the neck of immediate implants showed an absence of peri‐implant defects and a narrowing of bone crest width in a buccal‐lingual direction. The mean distance between buccal bone and lingual bone at the time of implant placement was 10.5 mm (±1.52) and, at second‐stage surgery, 6.8 mm (±1.33).Conclusions: The coronal bone remodeling around immediate implants showed a healing pattern with new bone apposition around the neck of the implants and, at the same time, bone resorption with horizontal width reduction of the bone ridge. The small periimplant bone defects were completely healed without the use of GBR procedures. An absence of complications during the healing period was also observed, probably due to the absence of barrier membranes and grafting materials. J Periodontol 2003;74:268‐273.