bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prosodic structure and syntactic acquisition: the case of the head‐direction parameter
Authors: Christophe Anne , Nespor Marina , Teresa Guasti Maria , Van Ooyen Brit 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe propose that infants may learn about the relative order of heads and complements in their language before they know many words, on the basis of prosodic information (relative prominence within phonological phrases). We present experimental evidence that 6–12‐week‐old infants can discriminate two languages that differ in their head direction and its prosodic correlate, but have otherwise similar phonological properties (i.e. French and Turkish). This result supports the hypothesis that infants may use this kind of prosodic information to bootstrap their acquisition of word order.
Vortex Tracking and Visualisation in a Flow Past a Tapered Cylinder
Authors: Reinders Freek , Sadarjoen I. Ari , Vrolijk Benjamin , Post Frits H. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract In this paper we explore a novel combined application of two of our existing visualisation techniques to thetracking of 3D vortex tubes in an unsteady flow. The applied techniques are the winding‐angle vortex extractiontechnique based on streamline geometry, and the attribute‐based feature tracking technique. We have applied theseto the well‐known case of an unsteady 3D flow past a tapered cylinder. First, 2D vortices are detected in a number of horizontal slices for each time step, by means of the winding‐anglevortex extraction method. For each 2D vortex a number of attributes are calculated and stored. These vorticesare visualised by a special type of ellipse icons, showing the position, shape and rotational direction and speed ineach slice. Next, for each time step, 3D vortex tubes are constructed from the 2D vortices by applying the feature trackingprocedure in a spatial dimension to connect the corresponding vortices in adjacent slices. The result is a graphattribute set with the 2D vortex attributes in the nodes and the spatial correspondences as edges. Finally, the 3D vortex tubes are tracked in time using the same tracking procedure, for finding the correspondingtubes in successive time steps. The result is a description of the evolution of the 3D vortices. An interactive, time‐dependentvisualisation is generated using the temporal correspondences of each vortex tube. This analysis revealsa number of interesting patterns. ACM CSS: I.3.8 Computer Graphics—Applications
SVG Linearization and Accessibility
Authors: Herman Ivan , Dardailler Daniel 
Published: December 2004

Abstract The usage of SVG (Scaleable Vector Graphics) creates new possibilities as well as new challenges for theaccessibility of Web sites. This paper presents a metadata vocabulary to describe the information content ofan SVG file geared towards accessibility. When used with a suitable tool, this metadata description can helpin generating a textual (``linear'') version of the content, which can be used for users with disabilities or withnon‐visual devices. Although this paper concentrates on SVG, i.e. on graphics on the Web, the metadata approach and vocabularypresented below can be applied in relation to other technologies, too. Indeed, accessibility issues have a muchwider significance, and have an effect on areas like CAD, cartography, or information visualization. Hence, theexperiences of the work presented below may also be useful for practitioners in other areas. ACM CSS: I.3.4 Graphics Utilities—Graphics Packages, I.3.6 Methodology and Techniques—Graphics datastructures and data types, Standards, K.4.2 Social Issues—Assistive technologies for persons with disabilities
Adaptive Zooming in Web Cartography
Authors: Cecconi Alesandro , Galanda Martin 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Beyond any doubt much of the current web mapping and web GIS applications lack cartographic quality. Thereasons aren't only the technical limitations related to Internet delivery, but also the neglect of one of the maincartographic principles of digital mapping, namely adaptive zooming. Adaptive zooming describes the adjustmentof a map, its contents and the symbolization to target scale in consequence of a zooming operation. The approachdescribed in this paper proposes the combination of two commonly known concepts: on the one hand levelsof detail (LoD) for those object classes, that require high computational cost for the automated generalizationprocess (e.g. buildings, road network); on the other hand an on‐the‐fly generalization for those object classeswhich can be generalized by less complex methods and algorithms (e.g. rivers, lakes). Realizing such interactiveand dynamic concept for web mapping requires the use of vector based visualization tools. The data format bestmeeting the criteria is the W3C standard Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG). Thus, it has been used to implementthe presented ideas in a prototype application for topographic web mapping based on the landscape modelVECTOR25 of the Swiss Federal Office of Topography.
The Perspective Silhouette of a Canal Surface
Authors: Kim Ku‐Jin , Lee In‐Kwon 
Published: December 2004

Abstract We present an efficient and robust algorithm for parameterizing the perspective silhouette of a canal surface and detecting each connected component of the silhouette. A canal surface is the envelope of a moving sphere with varying radius, defined by the trajectory

C(t)
of its center and a radius function

r(t)
. This moving sphere,

S(t)
, touches the canal surface at a characteristic circle

K(t)
. We decompose the canal surface into a set of characteristic circles, compute the silhouette points on each characteristic circle, and then parameterize the silhouette curve. The perspective silhouette of the sphere

S(t)
from a given viewpoint consists of a circle

Q(t)
; by identifying the values of

t

at which

K(t)
and

Q(t)
touch, we can find all the connected components of the silhouette curve of the canal surface. ACM CSS: I.3.7 Computer Graphics–Three Dimensional Graphics and Realism
Two‐dimensional Potential Fields for Advanced Implicit Modeling Operators
Authors: Barthe L. , Dodgson N. A. , Sabin M. A. , Wyvill B. , Gaildrat V. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Current methods for building models using implicit volume techniques present problems defining accurate and controllable blend shapes between implicit primitives. We present new methods to extend the freedom and controllability of implicit volume modeling. The main idea is to use a free‐form curve to define the profile of the blend region between implicit primitives. The use of a free‐form implicit curve, controlled point‐by‐point in the Euclidean user space, allows us to group boolean composition operators with sharp transitions or smooth free‐form transitions in a single modeling metaphor. This idea is generalized for the creation, sculpting and manipulation of volume objects, while providing the user with simplicity, controllability and freedom in implicit modeling. ACM CSS: I.3.5 Computational Gemoetry and Object Modeling—Curve, surface, solid, and object representations
State of the Art in Global Illumination for Interactive Applications and High‐quality Animations
Authors: Damez Cyrille , Dmitriev Kirill , Myszkowski Karol 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Global illumination algorithms are regarded as computationally intensive. This cost is a practical problem when producing animations or when interactions with complex models are required. Several algorithms have been proposed to address this issue. Roughly, two families of methods can be distinguished. The first one aims at providing interactive feedback for lighting design applications. The second one gives higher priority to the quality of results, and therefore relies on offline computations. Recently, impressive advances have been made in both categories. In this report, we present a survey and classification of the most up‐to‐date of these methods. ACM CSS: I.3.7 Computer Graphics—Three‐Dimensional Graphics and Realism
Employees and second‐job holding in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Authors: Reilly Barry , Krstić Gorana 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis paper explores the second‐job holding (or ‘moonlighting’) behaviour of a sample of employees using data from a unique survey conducted for the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) in January 1998. Both participation in ‘moonlighting’ and the number of hours worked are examined. The participation model performs better in an econometric sense and provides the focus for our discussion. We note a strong regional dimension to ‘moonlighting’ in the FRY with employees in Central Serbia disproportionately represented in this activity. In addition, blue‐collar workers are found to be more likely to engage in ‘moonlighting’ than white‐collar workers. The set of labour supply variables implied by neo‐classical theory exerts a strong influence and explains a significant amount of the phenomenon of interest. Our calculations suggest that if main (or regular) job earnings are restored to levels that prevailed at the time of the ‘break‐up’ of the federation, employee second‐job holding in the FRY would only fall by about one‐seventh.JEL classification: J21, J22, P2, P3.
Worker flows, job flows and firm wage policies
Authors: Haltiwanger John , Vodopivec Milan 
Published: December 2004

AbstractLike many transition economies, Slovenia is undergoing profound changes in the workings of the labour market with potentially greater flexibility in terms of both wage and employment adjustment. To investigate the impact of these changes, we use unique longitudinal matched employer‐employee data that permits measurement of employment transitions and wages for workers and enables links of the workers to the firms in which they are employed. We can thus measure worker flows and job flows in a comprehensive and integrated manner. We find a high pace of job flows in Slovenia especially for young, small, private and foreign‐owned firms and for young, less educated workers. While job flows have approached the rates observed in developed market economies, the excess of worker flows above job flows is lower than that observed in market economies. A key factor in the patterns of the worker and job flows is the determination of wages in Slovenia. A base wage schedule provides strict guidelines for minimum wages for different skill categories. However, firms are permitted to offer higher wages to an individual based upon the success of the worker and/or the firm. Our analysis shows that firms deviate from the base wage schedule significantly and that the idiosyncratic wage policies of firms are closely related to the observed pattern of worker and job flows at the firm. Firms with more flexible wages (measured as less compression of wages within the firm) have less employment instability and are also able to improve the match quality of their workers.JEL Classifications: J23, J31, J41, J61, P23, P31.
Job growth in early transition: Comparing two paths*
Authors: Jurajda Štěpán , Terrell Katherine 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSmall start‐up firms are the engine of job creation in early transition. We ask about differences in their growth across two different transition economies: Estonia, which experienced rapid destruction of pre‐existing firms, and the Czech Republic, which reduced the old sector gradually. We find that the majority of job growth corresponds to within‐industry reallocation. The within‐industry growth of small start‐up firms is similar in the two countries, in line with the convergence to Western industry firm‐size distributions. We also find similar patterns in the evolution of wage differentials between start‐ups and old firms and small differences in the extent of low‐wage employment in start‐ups across the two transition paths.JEL Classifications: J2, J3, J4, L1, O1, P2.
A blackboard system approach to electromagnetic sensor data interpretation
Authors: Peers S.M.C. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract:
A prototype system for automated defect classification and characterisation of automotive or other components involving two separate inspection sensors, vision and electromagnetic, was developed. This paper concentrates on the development work and issues related to the electromagnetic sensor. In particular, the issues relating to knowledge acquisition and knowledge representation are discussed. For instance, one of the problems which arose during the development work was that it appeared that the reasoning carried out unconsciously by a human was more complex than had been realised and not easily encapsulated as high level knowledge. A blackboard architecture was used to integrate the different areas of expertise required for each sensor to interpret the results of the inspections. The main issue here was in the effective use of the blackboard architecture for intelligent data fusion at all levels to improve interpretation.
Civic Socialization in Public and Fundamentalist Schools*
Authors: Godwin R. Kenneth , Godwin Jennifer W. , Martinez‐Ebers Valerie 
Published: December 2004

Objective. Critics of schools governed by fundamentalist religions are concerned that these schools will not socialize students to the attitudes and values appropriate for citizens of a pluralistic liberal democracy. Among these values are support for democratic norms, political tolerance, moral reasoning and autonomy, duty to community, and acceptance of nontraditional lifestyles. This article examines the empirical basis for the critics' concerns.Methods. Using difference‐of‐means tests and multivariate regression, we compare students in the 10th and 12th grades attending regular public and fundamentalist Christian schools.Results. The 10th‐grade comparisons of the two sets of students confirm many of the expectations of critics of fundamentalist schools. By the 12th grade, however, the students in fundamentalist schools have surpassed students in regular public schools on many of the desired attitudes and values, but the fundamentalist school students remain less accepting of nontraditional lifestyles.Conclusion. For the most part, fundamentalist Christian high schools do as well or better than regular public schools in socializing their students to the values appropriate to citizenship in liberal democracies.
The Wise Man Builds His House Upon the Rock: The Effects of Inadequate School Building Infrastructure on Student Attendance*
Authors: Branham David 
Published: December 2004

Objective. This article looks at the effect of school infrastructure on student attendance and drop‐out rates.Methods. Using the school as the unit of analysis, Tobit analysis is performed to analyze 226 Houston Independent School District schools.Results. The quality of school infrastructure has a significant effect on school attendance and drop‐out rates. Students are less likely to attend schools in need of structural repair, schools that use temporary structures, and schools that have understaffed janitorial services.Conclusions. School districts who wish to maximize attendance and minimize drop‐out rates should avoid temporary solutions to school building inadequacies and provide students, teachers, and administrators with quality permanent structure schools, and quality janitorial staffs to maintain those schools.
Kids Voting and Political Knowledge: Narrowing Gaps, Informing Votes*
Authors: Meirick Patrick C. , Wackman Daniel B. 
Published: December 2004

Objectives.Kids Voting USA is a program designed to educate schoolchildren about the democratic process and foster their political socialization. This article set out to explore the consequences of the Kids Voting program for political knowledge, knowledge gaps, and attitude‐behavior consistency.Methods.A sample of seventh and eighth graders in an urban school district were surveyed before (N=385) and shortly after (N=648) the 2000 general election.Results.Kids Voting exposure was positively related to political knowledge at Time 2 even after controlling for demographics, scholastic achievement, and attention to campaign news. There was no evidence that knowledge gaps widened between Time 1 and 2; in fact, African Americans and those with low initial knowledge gained the most. As political knowledge increased, party ID and issue attitudes became more predictive of candidate preference. Kids Voting exposure, too, was positively related to consistency between party ID and candidate preference, a relationship that was partially mediated by political knowledge.Conclusions.Political knowledge among these adolescents appeared to function much the way it does in adults: it equipped them to make political decisions that better reflected their attitudes. Kids Voting seems to contribute to this process, through knowledge and perhaps other avenues, without increasing knowledge gaps.
Immigration from Mexico into the Math/Science Pipeline in American Education*
Authors: Crosnoe Robert , Lopez‐Gonzalez Lorena , Muller Chandra 
Published: December 2004

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to explore generational differences in math/science enrollment and achievement among Mexican‐American students and the role of family and school contexts in these differences.Methods. We applied survey regression techniques to data from 12,020 adolescents in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health.Results. Native‐born Mexican‐American students had lower math/science enrollment than their peers, especially after differences in family and school contexts were taken into account. Mexican‐American immigrants had lower achievement when enrolled in such classes, but this was explained by their greater level of family and school disadvantages.Conclusions. Persistence and success in the math/science pipeline, a mechanism of social mobility in the modern economy, would likely be enhanced in the fast‐growing population of Mexican‐American students by improvements in family resources and school organization.
School Size and the Interpersonal Side of Education: An Examination of Race/Ethnicity and Organizational Context*
Authors: Crosnoe Robert , Johnson Monica Kirkpatrick , Elder Glen H. 
Published: December 2004

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to extend research on the connection between school size and student outcomes by examining how school size was related to interpersonal processes and whether the interpersonal effects of school size varied by race/ethnicity.Methods. We applied multilevel modeling techniques to a sample of 14,966 students in 84 schools from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health.Results. Increasing school size was associated with decreasing student attachment to school and to teachers as well as extracurricular participation. Student attachment and teacher bonding diminished with increasing school size at a decreasing rate (reaching minimums in schools with between 1,700–2,000 students), but extracurricular participation dropped at a steady rate. These patterns did not differ substantially by race/ethnicity.Conclusions. The size of the educational institution influences interpersonal dynamics among actors in the institution and does so similarly across student groups. More generally, this research demonstrates the importance of organizational characteristics for social life.
The Continuing Consequences of Segregation: Family Stress and College Academic Performance*
Authors: Charles Camille Z. , Dinwiddie Gniesha , Massey Douglas S. 
Published: December 2004

Objectives. We seek to determine whether the high levels of African‐American residential segregation experienced have continuing academic consequences. Because segregation works to concentrate poverty and the social problems associated with it, the friends and relatives of African‐American students face an elevated risk of stressful life events, which undermine grade performance.Methods. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Freshmen to measure the frequency with which members of students' social networks experienced stressful events during their freshman and sophomore years of college, comparing whites, Asians, Latinos, and African Americans from integrated neighborhoods with those coming from segregated neighborhoods.Results. African‐American students from segregated neighborhoods experience higher levels of family stress than others. This stress is largely a function of violence and disorder in segregated neighborhoods. Students respond by devoting more time to family issues and their health and grades suffer as a result.Conclusions. Racial segregation is a structural feature of U.S. society that has continuing power to undermine the academic achievement of students long after they have seemingly left segregated living behind.
College Freshmen at Risk—Social Problems at Issue: An Exploratory Study of a Texas/Mexico Border Community College*
Authors: Garza Cecilia , Landeck Michael 
Published: December 2004

Objective. The objective of this article is to explore the factors that place college freshmen at risk of dropping classes in mid‐semester.Methods. Data for this study are from interviews done with 283 male students and 281 female students using a questionnaire that was developed from an initial focus group with 130 students.Results. The findings indicate that many of the explanations for dropping a class are not caused by the performance of the faculty member teaching the course and are also not correlated to the lack of institutional commitment to student development.Conclusion. These results suggest that peer influence is strong at the freshman‐college level and that a multitude of problems, many external to academics, is exerting a significant influence on students' decision to withdraw prematurely from college credit courses.
Progress Toward Title IX Compliance: The Effect of Formal and Informal Enforcement Mechanisms*
Authors: Stafford Sarah L. 
Published: December 2004

Objective. This article examines the factors that determine whether an intercollegiate athletic program is in compliance with Title IX, the statute requiring gender equity in educational programs.Methods. I conduct a series of econometric regressions that examine the compliance status of Division I institutions as well as the progress they have made toward compliance.Results. Large institutions and institutions with a lower percentage of female undergraduates are more likely to be in compliance. Institutions with football programs are less likely to be in compliance as are schools in the south. The effect of football revenues, operating budgets, and NCAA sanctions varies across division as well as compliance area.Conclusions. The results of the analysis indicate that current enforcement mechanisms have been relatively ineffective at increasing compliance and that some change either in enforcement or compliance standards is warranted. Additionally, a one‐size‐fits‐all enforcement approach is unlikely to be effective.