bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physician preferences in diagnostics and treatment of juvenile osteochondritis dissecans are diverse across the knee, ankle and elbow: an ESSKA survey
Authors: Kemmeren Laura A. M. , van Bergen Christiaan J. A. , Reijman Max , Piscaer Tom M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the current preferences regarding the work‐up and treatment choices of juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) of the knee, ankle and elbow among orthopaedic surgeons.MethodsAn international survey was set up for all European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy (ESSKA) members, which assessed various questions on diagnosis and treatment of JOCD of different joints. Respondents answered questions for one or more joints, based on their expertise. Proportions of answers were calculated and compared between joints. Consensus was defined as more than 75% agreement on an item; disagreement was defined as less than 25% agreement.ResultsFifty physicians responded to the survey, of whom forty‐two filled out the questions on the knee, fourteen on the ankle and nine on the elbow. Plain radiography and MRI were the most used imaging modalities for the assessment and follow‐up of JOCD in the knee and ankle, but not for the elbow. MRI was also the preferred method to assess the stability of a lesion in the knee and ankle. There was universal agreement on activity and/or sports restriction as the non‐operative treatment of choice for JOCD. Size, stability and physeal closure were the most important prognostic factors in determining the operative technique for the elbow. For the knee, these factors were size and stability and for the ankle, these were size and location.ConclusionActivity and/or sports restriction was the non‐operative treatment of choice. Furthermore, plain radiography and MRI were the preferred imaging modalities for the knee and ankle, but not for the elbow. For determining the operative technique, physicians agreed that the size of the lesion is an important prognostic factor in all joints. These findings help us understand how juvenile osteochondritis dissecans is treated in current practice and may provide opportunities for improvement.Level of evidenceLevel V.
Hot workability behaviour of two P92 creep resistant steels: Constitutive analysis
Authors: Obiko Japheth , Whitefield David , Bodunrin Micheal 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article reports the flow stress behaviour of two P92 steels at a temperature range of 850–1000°C and a strain rate of 0.1–10 s−1 using the Gleeble® 3500 thermomechanical simulator. A physically-based constitutive model was used to analyse the effects of deformation conditions on the flow stress behaviour during deformation. This model incorporates the influence in the variation of Young’s modulus and the self-diffusion coefficient as affected by temperature. The study developed constitutive equations that predict the flow stress behaviour of the two steels investigated. From the constitutive analysis of the results, the stress exponent n was: 9.8 (steel A) and 10.3 (steel B). The model used the self-diffusion activation energy of steel. The statistical parameters: correlation coefficient of 0.99 (for steel A and B), the absolute average relative error of 2.18% (steel A) and 2.20% (steel B) quantified the applicability of the model. The quantification results show that the constitutive equations developed have high accuracy in predicting the workability of the two P92 steels. The study has shown that this method is applicable in predicting the metal flow pattern of two P92 steels in the metalworking processes.
On the critical points of semi-stable solutions on convex domains of Riemannian surfaces
Authors: Grossi Massimo , Provenzano Luigi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper we consider semilinear equations $$-\Delta u=f(u)$$

-
Δ
u
=
f
(
u
)

with Dirichlet boundary conditions on certain convex domains of the two dimensional model spaces of constant curvature. We prove that a positive, semi-stable solution u has exactly one non-degenerate critical point (a maximum). The proof consists in relating the critical points of the solution with the critical points of a suitable auxiliary function, jointly with a topological degree argument.
The second moment of Dirichlet twists of a $$\text {GL}_{4}$$ automorphic L-function
Authors: Sono Keiju 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we give an asymptotic formula for the second moment of Dirichlet twists of an automorphic L-function $$L(s, \pi )$$

L
(
s
,
π
)

on the critical line averaged over characters and conductors, where $$\pi $$
π
denotes an irreducible tempered cuspidal automorphic representation of $${\textrm{GL}}_{4}({\mathbb {A}}_{\mathbb {Q}})$$

GL
4

(

A
Q

)

with unitary central character. We give some hybrid bound for the error term with respect to the size of conductors of Dirichlet characters and that of the automorphic representation.
Weighted Tree Automata with Constraints
Authors: Maletti Andreas , Nász Andreea-Teodora 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe HOM problem, which asks whether the image of a regular tree language under a given tree homomorphism is again regular, is known to be decidable [Godoy & Giménez: The HOM problem is decidable. JACM 60(4), 2013]. However, the problem remains open for regular weighted tree languages. It is demonstrated that the main notion used in the unweighted setting, the tree automaton with equality and inequality constraints , can straightforwardly be generalized to the weighted setting and can represent the image of any regular weighted tree language under any nondeleting and nonerasing tree homomorphism. Several closure properties as well as decision problems are also investigated for the weighted tree languages generated by weighted tree automata with constraints.
Effect of Thyroidectomy on Tracheal Remodeling and Airway Physiology in Apparently Asymptomatic Patients with Goiter: A Prospective Study
Authors: Enny Loreno , Garg Surabhi , Mouli Sasi , Manjunath Shreyamsa , Singh Kul Ranjan , Ramakant Pooja , Mishra Anand Kumar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundTracheal airflow limitation is frequently reported in patients with goiter but is severely underestimated, and studies on how goiter and its treatment affect trachea are scarce. Moreover, the choice of the optimal treatment for individual patient with asymptomatic goiter is not straightforward. Therefore, in this study we aim to investigate the effect of goiter and subsequent thyroidectomy on tracheal anatomy and change in airflow in asymptomatic patient with goiter.MethodsSeventy patients undergoing total/hemithyroidectomy (TT/HT) from Feb 2020 to Feb 2021 satisfying inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Neck radiograph (NR) and forced spirometry (FS) were performed preoperatively and on postoperative day 10 and 6 weeks and 3 months.ResultsOut of 70 patients, 84.3% patients were female, and mean duration and weight of goiter were 54.7 months and 72.21 gm, respectively. Of 70 patients, 57 were of benign pathology. Significant improvement in tracheal compression with moderate improvement in deviation was observed after surgery. Preoperative spirometry showed significant reduction in almost all parameters. After surgery, a weak improvement was observed at postoperative day 10 and 6 weeks; however, significant improvement in FEV1, PEFR, FEV1/FEV0.5, and FEF50%/FIF50% was observed at postoperative 3 months. Patient with right sided and those with ≥ 8 mm deviation were associated with poorer pulmonary function. Weak correlation was observed between neck NR and spirometry parameters. Weight of the thyroid gland significantly correlated with ratio of MVV/FEV1.ConclusionPatients with asymptomatic goiter can have significant abnormal changes in airflow as evidenced by FS and NR. Thyroidectomy is followed by gradual restoration of tracheal deviation and compression with significant improvement in pulmonary airflow.
Physical activity guidance in the rheumatology clinic—what matters for patients with rheumatoid arthritis? A qualitative study
Authors: Thomsen Tanja , Aadahl Mette , Hetland Merete Lund , Esbensen Bente Appel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHigher proportions of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are physically inactive compared to the general population. A barrier to engaging in physical activity (PA) may be lack of consistent PA guidance from health professionals (HPRs). This qualitative study aimed to explore daily PA levels and the patients’ perspectives on current and future PA guidance from HPRs. We recruited 20 participants from five rheumatology departments in Denmark. The participants differed in socio-demography and clinical characteristics based on results from an earlier cross-sectional study. The interviews were conducted by telephone, online platforms or face-to-face. Data analysis was based on reflexive thematic analysis. Thirteen participants were female and mean age was 55 years. We generated four themes; (1) Acceptance of the arthritis is a process, which attributed to acknowledging RA as part of life before fully engagement in PA and exercise. (2) Daily physical activity—motivation, barriers and benefits, reflecting the participants’ preferred types of activities and motivations and barriers to PA. (3) Physical activity guidance—your own responsibility? This theme reflected how participants missed more comprehensive discussions with HPRs about PA. (4) It is essential how, when and where physical activity guidance is provided, referring to participants’ preferences for future PA guidance in the rheumatology clinic. The study emphasizes that an integrated focus on PA should be part of the rheumatology clinic. However, HPRs may need adequate training in how to guide and motivate patients with RA towards increased PA.
Subtropical coral expansion into SE Australia: a haven for both temperate and expatriating tropical reef fishes
Authors: O’Connell Max J. , Fowler Ashley M. , Allan Sam J. , Beretta Giglia A. , Booth David J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe examined reef fish assemblages in and adjacent to a newly established coral bed (subtropical Pocillopora aliciae) in temperate south-eastern Australia, to understand whether novel coral habitat is facilitating assemblages of range-expanding tropical and local temperate fishes. This is the first comprehensive assessment of fish species associating with this novel coral habitat within a temperate environment. Twenty fish species were observed associating with the coral (8 tropical and 12 temperate). Both temperate and tropical species were observed at greater (up to 48 times higher) densities on the coral than on nearby temperate rocky reef in the area, suggesting that the corals generally concentrate fish and may aid in tropicalisation for species that use subtropical coral as habitat. Future research should investigate the ongoing expansion of this coral, the relative quality of coral habitat for fish in temperate regions and the potential implications for functioning of temperate rocky reef ecosystems.
A Hanbury Brown and Twiss renascence: measurement of photon correlations yields spatio-temporal coherence
Authors: Ruppel Wolfgang , Duerr Peter , Ross Jan , Elsäßer Wolfgang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInvestigations of photon correlations similar to the Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiment are since the advent of quantum optics in the center of both fundamental and application-oriented research. We derive a factorial moment-generating function of the probability distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a source and absorbed by a photodetector from which we calculate an analytical expression for the second-order correlation coefficient $$g^{(2)}$$

g

(
2
)

which reflects spatial coherence properties of the emitted light. The measurement of $$g^{(2)}$$

g

(
2
)

thus allows to retrieve the spatial coherence parameter of the light source in terms of the combination of source area, source-detector distance, wavelength and detector area. The validity of the concept is proven by investigating $$g^{(2)}$$

g

(
2
)

of true thermal light from a Xenon arc lamp and from the sun for various detector areas, in excellent agreement with the theory. Finally, we suggest a novel scheme for determining light source diameters by exploiting the spatially dependent statistics and confirm its validity by exemplary calculations. These results based on radiation thermodynamics and photon statistics give fresh insight into quantum optical properties of classical light sources, photon correlations and photodetection with promising applications perspectives, more than 68 years after the original Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiment.
Clinical and genetic analyses of a Swedish patient series diagnosed with ataxia
Authors: Gorcenco Sorina , Kafantari Efthymia , Wallenius Joel , Karremo Christin , Alinder Erik , Dobloug Sigurd , Landqvist Waldö Maria , Englund Elisabet , Ehrencrona Hans , Wictorin Klas , Karrman Kristina , Puschmann Andreas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHereditary ataxia is a heterogeneous group of complex neurological disorders. Next-generation sequencing methods have become a great help in clinical diagnostics, but it may remain challenging to determine if a genetic variant is the cause of the patient’s disease. We compiled a consecutive single-center series of 87 patients from 76 families with progressive ataxia of known or unknown etiology. We investigated them clinically and genetically using whole exome or whole genome sequencing. Test methods were selected depending on family history, clinical phenotype, and availability. Genetic results were interpreted based on the American College of Medical Genetics criteria. For high-suspicion variants of uncertain significance, renewed bioinformatical and clinical evaluation was performed to assess the level of pathogenicity. Thirty (39.5%) of the 76 families had received a genetic diagnosis at the end of our study. We present the predominant etiologies of hereditary ataxia in a Swedish patient series. In two families, we established a clinical diagnosis, although the genetic variant was classified as “of uncertain significance” only, and in an additional three families, results are pending. We found a pathogenic variant in one family, but we suspect that it does not explain the complete clinical picture. We conclude that correctly interpreting genetic variants in complex neurogenetic diseases requires genetics and clinical expertise. The neurologist’s careful phenotyping remains essential to confirm or reject a diagnosis, also by reassessing clinical findings after a candidate genetic variant is suggested. Collaboration between neurology and clinical genetics and combining clinical and research approaches optimizes diagnostic yield.
Sensor-based behavioral patterns can identify heat-sensitive lactating dairy cows
Authors: Ranzato G. , Lora I. , Aernouts B. , Adriaens I. , Gottardo F. , Cozzi G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHeat stress impairs the health and performance of dairy cows, yet only a few studies have investigated the diversity of cattle behavioral responses to heat waves. This research was conducted on an Italian Holstein dairy farm equipped with precision livestock farming sensors to assess potential different behavioral patterns of the animals. Three heat waves, defined as at least five consecutive days with mean daily temperature-humidity index higher than 72, were recorded in the farm area during the summer of 2021. Individual daily milk yield data of 102 cows were used to identify “heat-sensitive” animals, meaning the cows that, under a given heat wave, experienced a milk yield drop that was not linked with other health events (e.g., mastitis). Milk yield drops were detected as perturbations of the lactation curve estimated by iteratively using Wood’s equation. Individual daily minutes of lying, chewing, and activity were retrieved from ear-tag-based accelerometer sensors. Semi-parametric generalized estimating equations models were used to assess behavioral deviations of heat-sensitive cows from the herd means under heat stress conditions. Heat waves were associated with an overall increase in the herd’s chewing and activity times, along with an overall decrease of lying time. Heat-sensitive cows spent approximately 15 min/days more chewing and performing activities (p < 0.05). The findings of this research suggest that the information provided by high-frequency sensor data could assist farmers in identifying cows for which personalized interventions to alleviate heat stress are needed.
Fundamental methods of electrochemical characterization of Li insertion materials for battery researchers
Authors: Ugata Yosuke , Motoki Chihaya , Dokko Kaoru , Yabuuchi Naoaki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLi-ion batteries have gained intensive attention as a key technology for realizing a sustainable society without dependence on fossil fuels. To further increase the versatility of Li-ion batteries, considerable research efforts have been devoted to developing a new class of Li insertion materials, which can reversibly store Li-ions in host structures and are used for positive/negative electrode materials of Li-ion batteries. Appropriate evaluations of electrochemical properties of Li insertion materials are essential for the research of electrode materials in laboratory. In this article, we describe fundamental methods of electrochemical characterization of Li insertion materials including electrode preparation, cell assembly, and electrochemical measurement in the laboratory-scale research. The importance of selection for battery components such as electrolyte solutions, polymer binders, separators, and current collectors on the electrochemical properties of Li insertion materials, is also discussed. This article offers basic knowledge and techniques for electrochemical characterizations of Li insertion materials to students and beginners for battery research.
Spatio-temporal modeling of groundwater quality deterioration and resource depletion
Authors: Palma Monica , Maggio Sabrina , Cappello Claudia , Congedi Antonella , De Iaco Sandra 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn Hydrogeology, the analysis of groundwater features is based on multiple data related to correlated variables recorded over a spatio-temporal domain. Thus, multivariate geostatistical tools are fundamental for assessment of the data variability in space and time, as well as for parametric and nonparametric modeling. In this work, three key hydrological indicators of the quality of groundwater—sodium adsorption ratio, chloride and electrical conductivity—as well as the phreatic level, in the unconfined aquifer of the central area of Veneto Region (Italy) are investigated and modeled for prediction purposes. By using a new geostatistical approach, probability maps of groundwater resource deterioration are computed, and some areas where the aquifer needs strong attention are identified in the north-east part of the study region. The proposed analytical methodology and the findings can support policy makers in planning actions aimed at sustainable water management, which should enable better monitoring of groundwater used for drinking and also ensure high quality of water for irrigation purposes.
Evaluating the viewer experience of interactive virtual reality movies
Authors: Carpio Rudy , Baumann Oliver , Birt James 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSignificant advances in virtual reality (VR) technology have called into question the traditional methods of cinema storytelling and dissemination. New VR devices, such as the Meta (Oculus) Quest, have expanded the possibilities for viewing movies. The purpose of this study is to compare the emotional and cognitive impacts of VR and traditional 2D movies. In this study, sixty volunteers were divided into two groups and presented a movie (Gala) in 2D or VR format. We employed a multimodal method to assess the cognitive and emotional effects of the film both during and after watching. Our technique combined self-reports, interviews, questionnaires, and objective heart rate and EEG brain activity data. After quantitative and qualitative evaluation, it was discovered, that regardless of media, there was a substantial influence of the movie on the emotional state of the participant’s mood. Moreover, compared to the traditional 2D-movie, the VR movie led to more consistent and robust positive effect on all aspects of self-rated affect. The difference in self-reported mood was corroborated by reduced EEG amplitudes in the beta frequency band, indicating higher levels of positive affectivity, which was only observed for the VR movie. Lastly, the VR movie also leads to overall higher self-rated immersion and engagement than the 2D version. Our results highlight the potential of VR movies to engage and emotionally affect audiences beyond traditional cinema. Moreover, our study highlights the value of using a multidisciplinary method for analysing audience impacts.
On Magnetic Field Screening and Trapping in Hydrogen-Rich High-Temperature Superconductors: Unpulling the Wool Over Readers’ Eyes
Authors: Hirsch J. E. , Marsiglio F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn Minkov et al. (Nat. Commun. 13:3194, 2022), Minkov et al. reported magnetization measurements on hydrides under pressure that claimed to find a diamagnetic signal below a critical temperature demonstrating the existence of superconductivity. Here, we present an analysis of raw data recently released (Minkov et al. Nat. Commun. 14:5322, 2023) by the authors of Minkov et al. (Nat. Commun. 13:3194, 2022) that shows that the measured data do not support their claim that the samples exhibit a diamagnetic response indicative of superconductivity. We also point out that Minkov et al. (Nat. Commun. 13:3194, 2022) in its original form omitted essential information that resulted in presentation of a distorted picture of reality, and that important information on transformations performed on measured data remains undisclosed. Our analysis also calls into question the conclusions of Minkov et al.’s trapped flux experiments reported in Minkov et al. (Nat. Phys. 19:1293–1300, 2023) as supporting superconductivity in these materials. This work together with earlier work implies that there is no magnetic evidence for the existence of high temperature superconductivity in hydrides under pressure.
Identification over quantum broadcast channels
Authors: Rosenberger Johannes , Deppe Christian , Pereg Uzi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIdentification over quantum broadcast channels is considered. As opposed to the information transmission task, the decoder only identifies whether a message of his choosing was sent or not. This relaxation allows for a double-exponential code size. An achievable identification region is derived for a quantum broadcast channel, and a full characterization for the class of classical-quantum broadcast channels. The identification capacity region of the single-mode pure-loss bosonic broadcast channel is obtained as a consequence. Furthermore, the results are demonstrated for the quantum erasure broadcast channel, where our region is suboptimal, but improves on the best previously known bounds.