bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beam Profile Measurement Using the Highly-Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite
Authors: Kitamura R , Hayashi N , Hirano K , Kosaka S , Miyao T , Morishita T , Nemoto Y 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The mitigation of heat loading is one of the important issues for beam instrumentation to measure the high-power proton beam. Recently, the highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) material was used for the target probe of the bunch-shape monitor at the front end in the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). Since the thermal conductivity of the HOPG is high, it is suitable to measure both transverse and longitudinal beam profiles under the condition of high heat loading. As an application of the HOPG, for example, the thin HOPG may be used as a substitutive material of the target wire for the transverse profile monitor such as the wire scanner monitor. The possibility of the HOPG target for both transverse and longitudinal beam profile monitors is discussed from some results of the test experiment using the 3 MeV negative hydrogen ion beam at the test stand.
TLS Fast Orbit Feedback Upgrade
Authors: Chiu P. C. , Huang C. H. , Wu C. Y. , Hsu K. T. , Chen Jenny , Lee Demi , Cheng Y. S. , Liao C. Y. , Hu K. H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Orbit Feedback System (OFB) at the Taiwan Light Source (TLS) was implemented two decades ago and has undergone multiple upgrades to enhance its performance. The loop bandwidth was constrained by the available hardware. The system is unable to eliminate perturbations from a fast source. In order to enhance the performance of orbit feedback, the system underwent an upgrade in 2008. The upgrade involved the replacement of the analog-type BPM electronics with digital BPM electronics, as well as the replacement of the corrector power supply with a high-performance switching-type power supply that has a wide bandwidth. Following the commissioning of the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) in 2015, a decision was made to gradually migrate the control system of the Taiwan Light Source to the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS). This decision was made in order to facilitate resource sharing between the two facilities since EPICS had already been adopted by TPS. The Orbit Feedback System is a revitalized subsystem that now benefits from EPICS support. Additionally, the feedback computation unit has been upgraded to a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), resulting in an increase in the calculating cycle from 2.5 kHz to 10 kHz. This report presents a concise overview of the integration of fast orbit feedback and the outcomes of the orbit stability enhancement following the upgrade.
Development of new synchronized data system for J-PARC RCS
Authors: Takahashi H , Saha P K , Yoshimoto M , Sawabe Y 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In J-PARC 3 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron, the synchronized data system with reflective memory was constructed. However, this system has been operated for more than 10 years, it is essential to take countermeasures against deterioration over time. In addition, this system is difficult to support the large data sizes that have been recently requested. Therefore, we proposed a new synchronized data generation method. The test bench for a new synchronized data system that implements the new method was configured and its performance was verified. This result leads to the development of a new synchronous data system based on data transfer via LAN. In this paper, we describe the outline of the new synchronized data generation method and the results of performance tests.
FAIR SIS100 accelerating RF system - Modeling and analysis of the coupled LLRF control loops
Authors: Wegmann C J , Kronshorst L , Orth S , Groß K , Klingbeil H , Lens D E M , Schmidt J S , Stuhl A , Zipfel B 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The SIS100 heavy ion synchrotron as core part of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) will be equipped with 14 accelerating RF stations in the first stage of realization. Each RF station consists of a tunable ferrite-loaded cavity powered by a tetrode amplifier. Further key components are a solid-state pre-amplifier, a power supply unit, and dedicated Low-Level Radio Frequency (LLRF) feedforward and feedback systems to control amplitude and phase of the cavity gap voltage as well as the resonance frequency. Each cavity has to provide up to 20 kV peak gap voltage in the frequency range from 1.1 to 3.2 MHz. While all components of the system have been successfully tested in the factory acceptance tests and transferred to the FAIR storage, the First-of-Series (FoS) RF station is still persistently operated at GSI to gain experience. For further insight into the LLRF part, especially the stability of the control loops, the inter-coupling of the three local control loops was analyzed with methods from control theory based on simplified but realistic models, which have been developed based on extensive measurements and analysis of the systems’ behavior. In this contribution, the modeling as well as the analysis of the coupling between the LLRF control loops are discussed and the results are presented in comparison with measurements on the FoS system.
Tuner Loop Based on FPGA for Petra Cavity at TPS Booster Ring
Authors: Changf F.Y. , Liu Z. K. , Yeh M.S. , Lo C. H. , Chung F. T , Chen L. J. , Chang M. H. , Lin M. C. , Chang S. W. , Li Y. T. , Wang C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The low-level radio frequency system of the Taiwan Photon Source, TPS, booster ring was replaced by the digital low-level RF system, DLLRF, in 2018. After that, the phase drift compensation loop for energy-saving operation and the tuner loop were also implemented in the DLLRF system sequentially. We used Altera-DE3 to build the core of DLLRF and handle the high-speed ADC/DAC procedure for RF signal sampling. As we con-sider the response time of the tuner, we choose an-other low-cost board, Altera-DE0-Nano, to develop the tuner loop for 5-Cell-Petra-Cavity. It has an eight-channel 12-bits-ADC, 150 ksps, ADC128S022, to detect the positions of two tuners and two transmitted powers sampled from two cells of the 5-Cell-Petra-Cavity for a power balance function. The phase information of for-ward power and cavity gap voltage will come from the Altera-DE3 to tell the tuner loop in the Altera-DE0-Nano whether the cavity is on resonance or not. The tuner loop controls the cavity to work not only at the resonance frequency but also with a balanced electric field distribution. This study presents the tuner loop’s architecture, including the locking resonance frequency and field balance functions. The performance of the field balance function is observed by the archive data of the two tuners positions and two transmit power signals.
Installation and integrated testing of magnets for the ESS Linac
Authors: Trachanas E , Gevorgyan A , McKenzie D , Tabatadze L , Svensson F , Jones B , Martins C , Fereira M J , Nicosia D , Castranovo D , Aden P 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The European Spallation Source (ESS) linear accelerator is designed to accelerate a 62.5 mA, 2.86 ms, 14 Hz proton beam up to 2 GeV at the entrance of a rotating tungsten (W) target. Normal Conducting Linac (NCL) and Superconducting Linac (SCL) parts of the accelerator contain over 200 quadrupole, dipole and corrector magnets of different types and parameters for beam envelope and trajectory control. All magnets have been provided to ESS by in-kind collaborators and research institutes across Europe. Following the delivery of these components and their respective power converters to ESS, this proceeding presents the status of the installation together with the methodology and first obtained results from system local and integrated testing phase.
Damage experiment with superconducting sample coils - experimental setup and observations during beam impact
Authors: Gancarcik D. , Abusaif F. , Bordini B. , Bernhard A. , Bonura M. , Favre M. , Glamann N. , Grau A. , Hernalsteens C. , Saez de Jauregui D. , Müller A.-S. , Senatore C. , Thomsen S. D. , Wiesner C. , Wollmann D. , Zurmuehle D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe damage mechanisms and limits of superconducting accelerator magnets due to the impact of high-intensity particle beams have been subject to extensive studies in the past years at CERN. Recently an experiment with dedicated sample coils made from Nb–Ti and Nb3Sn strands was performed at CERN’s HiRadMat facility. This paper describes the design and construction of the sample coils as well as the results of their qualification before the beam impact. In addition, the experimental setup will be discussed. Finally, measurements during the beam experiment like the beam-based alignment, the observations during the impact of 440GeV protons on the sample coils and the achieved hot-spots and temperature gradients will be presented.
Investigations on NbTi superconducting racetrack coils under pulsed-current excitations
Authors: Abusaif F , Bernhard A , Bründermann E , Gancarcik D , Glamann N , Grau A , Saez de Jauregui D , Müller A-S 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
One of the key issues in the technology of superconductors is the protection against quenches. When designing a superconductor as a magnet, a coil or even current leads, the design should be made such that the superconductor withstands all operational conditions, especially those occurring rapidly, as fast discharges or pulsed loads. A model for a superconducting racetrack coil based on NbTi winding is investigated under pulsed transport current conditions (zero external field) utilizing finite element analysis within the Simulia Opera platform. A pulse duration of a few milliseconds and a peak current exceeding 1 kA is yielded by discharging a capacitor into an RLC circuit that includes the superconductor coil as an element. A quench multi-physics analysis has been performed comprising both thermal and electromagnetic solutions. The transition to normal state and quench occurrence has agreed with the expected critical curve together with the load-line estimated for the existing coil geometry.
A nanosecond pulse power supply for grid-controlled electron gun used in HALF
Authors: Xu C Y , Shang L , Shang F L , Song W B 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) uses a grid-controlled thermionic cathode gun as its electron source of the linear accelerator. The nanosecond grid-controlled power supply is an important part of the electron gun power supply system, and its performance will affect the quality of the beam. To achieve the requirements of the electron gun for nanosecond pulse power supply, we use the series-parallel multi-stage avalanche transistor scheme to achieve nanosecond fast pulse output. The test results show that the power supply not only can meet the requirements of HALF for its electron gun but also have good waveform repeatability and amplitude stability.
Using supervised machine learning in power converters design for particle accelerators – Application to magnetic components design
Authors: Cajander D , Aguglia D , Viarouge I , Viarouge P 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper presents an efficient application of Ma-chine Learning (ML) to derive models for accurately predicting the inductance value and mechanical constraints in widely used air-cored inductors in power electronics systems for accelerators. The ML is trained on Finite Elements Analyses (FEA) obtained data. The obtained Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based models are then used in a numerical optimization environment able to efficiently provide optimal solution in terms of speed and accuracy.
Design and experimental research of UHV flanges for the Hefei Advanced Light Facility
Authors: Bian Baoyuan , Hong Yuanzhi , Wang Sihui , Fan Le , Ge Xiaoqin , Fang Jianwei , Zhang Wenli , Wang Yong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) is a diffrac-tion-limited storage ring (DLSR) light source based on the compact multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattice. There-fore, the gaps between those focusing magnets are small. The commonly used ConFlat® flange, with a large axis dimension, is not suitable for the compact lattice in HALF. In this work, a stainless steel tapered flange fas-tened by a chain clamp has been designed for its smaller axis dimension. Two types of sealing structures are used, which are knife-edge and spring-energized metal C-ring structures, respectively. The copper gaskets with and without silver coating are used for knife-edge flange, respectively. Besides, the spring-energized metal C-ring is manufactured by SUS 304 with a tin layer of 50 μm. These flanges and chain clamps were made of SUS 304, and their vacuum properties were tested. The results indi-cate that these UHV flanges can meet the demands for the vacuum system of HALF.
Operational experience of a low beam coupling impedance injection kicker magnet for the CERN SPS ring
Authors: Barnes M J , Bartmann W , Díaz M , Ducimetière L , Favia G , Feliciano L , Kramer T , Namora V , Standen D , Stadlbauer T , Trubacova P , Velotti F , Zannini C 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The CERN SPS injection kicker magnets (MKP) were developed in the 1970’s, before beam power deposition was considered an issue. There are two types of these magnets in the SPS: MKP-S (small aperture) and MKP-L (large aperture) versions. The MKP-L magnets are very lossy from a beam impedance perspective: this would be an issue during SPS operation with the higher intensity beams needed in the future for HL-LHC. Hence, a beam screen has been developed, which is inserted in the aperture of each MKP-L module. The screen consists of silver fingers applied to alumina U-shaped chambers: the fingers have been optimized to achieve both adequately low beam induced power deposition and good high voltage (HV) behaviour. A surface coating, with a low secondary electron yield, is applied to the inner surface of the alumina chambers to reduce dynamic vacuum. The low-impedance MKP-L has been extensively HV tested in the lab before installation in the SPS. This paper briefly presents the design and focuses on the operational experience in the SPS, including heating and vacuum.
Beam-Impact Validation of HL-LHC Collimator Materials: The “MultiMat-2” Experiment
Authors: Carra F , Accettura C , Bertarelli A , Berthomé E , Bruce R , Charitonidis N , Dalemir M , Farina E , Valenzuela J Guardia , Guinchard M , Lechner A , Nuiry F-X , Marcone A Perillo , Pfeiffer S , Glaude D , Rigutto E , Sacristan de Frutos O , Simon P , Redaelli S , Perez-Fontenla A T , Vollenberg W 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In 2017, a proton-impact test on HL-LHC collimator materials was carried out in the HiRadMat facility at CERN. The experiment, called “MultiMat”, enabled the testing of uncoated and coated material composites and alloys, in most of the cases developed at CERN, for different beam collimation functionalities. Manufacturing of these materials was then passed to industry, leading to a series production for use in the collimators installed in the LHC during Long Shutdown 2 (LS2). The industrial versions of bulk and coating materials were tested in HiRadMat in 2021 in the “MultiMat-2” experiment, that efficiently re-used the same experimental test bench as for “MultiMat”. This new experiment demonstrated the reliability of the absorbers installed in LS2, and confirmed the possible use of alternative materials and coatings for the next LS3 collimator production. This paper describes the preparation and beam parameters of “MultiMat-2”, the experimental setup and the main results of the experiment.
Overview of material choices for HL-LHC collimators
Authors: Accettura C. , Biancacci N. , Bruce R. , Carra F. , Mounet N. , Kurtulus A. , Nuiry F.-X. , Marcone A. Perillo , Redaelli S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In view of the High-Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN, different materials were investigated for the upgrade of the LHC collimation system. A key objective was to determine how the jaws of the new collimators could be manufactured to meet the demanding requirements of HL-LHC, such as thermo-mechanical robustness and stability, beam coupling impedance, Ultra-High Vacuum (UHV), etc. During the Long-Shutdown 2 (LS2), five primary and ten secondary low-impedance collimators were already produced using novel materials. For LS3, in addition to more secondary collimators, the production and installation of other types of devices, including tertiaries and physics-debris collimators, is planned. This paper details the final mate-rial choices and rationale for each collimator family.
Progress Toward TURBO: A Novel Beam Delivery System for Charged Particle Therapy
Authors: Yap J SL , Steinberg A F , Clarke S J , Norman H XQ , Appleby R B , Sheehy S L 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
TURBO – Technology for Ultra Rapid Beam Operation – is a novel beam delivery system (BDS) in development at the University of Melbourne. The BDS determines several aspects of treatment delivery where a key bottleneck is the deadtime associated with beam energy variation. Beamlines at treatment facilities have a ±1% momentum acceptance range, requiring all the magnetic fields to adjust to deliver different energy beams at multiple depths in the tumour volume. A BDS using Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFA) optics could reduce the energy layer switching time (ELST) by enabling the transport of a large range of beam energies within the same fixed fields. We present recent progress and ongoing developments with TURBO, a proof-of-concept demonstrator adapted for low energy protons. Characterisation measurements were performed to determine realistic parameters for beam transport and particle tracking modelling. Simulation and experimental studies are shown for an energy degrader. We mention considerations of canted-cosine-theta magnets and further work to explore the clinical feasibility of a scaled-up BDS for charged particle therapy.
Overview of FLASHlab@PITZ: the new R&D platform for FLASH radiation therapy and radiation biology
Authors: Li X.-K. , Amirkhanyan Z. , Aftab N. , Boonpornprasert P. , Dmytriiev D. , Frohme M. , Georgiev G. , Grebinyk A. , Gross M. , Hoffmann A. , Komar Y. , Krasilnikov M. , Loisch G. , Oppelt A. , Richard C. , Riemer F. , Philipp S. , Schmitz M. , Müller F. , Obier F. , Vashchenko G. , Worm S. , Stephan F. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
An R&D platform for electron FLASH radiation therapy and radiation biology is being prepared at the Photo Injector Test facility at DESY in Zeuthen (FLASHlab@PITZ). This platform is based on the unique beam parameters available at PITZ: ps scale electron bunches of up to 22 MeV with up to 5 nC bunch charge at MHz bunch repetition rate in bunch trains of up to 1 ms in length repeating at 1 to 10 Hz. It works together with the Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau (TH Wildau) as partner in close vicinity for the biological resources.
A startup beamline has been installed to allow dosimetry studies and irradiation experiments on chemical, biochemical and biological samples after a 60-degree dispersive arm. The measured dose and dose rates under different beam conditions and first experimental results will be reported in this paper. In addition, a dedicated beamline for FLASHlab@PITZhas been designed for better control of the high brightness electron beams. This includes a dogleg to translate the beam and a 2D kicker system to scan the tiny beam focused by quadrupoles across the samples within less than 1 ms. Simulation studies will be presented to demonstrate the extremely flexible dose parameters with various irradiation options for electron FLASH radiation therapy and radiation biology studies.
A beam line setup for flash radiation therapy with focused electron beams at the PITZ facility at desy in zeuthen: Basic concept and dosimetry simulations
Authors: Amirkhanyan Z. , Aboulbanine Z. , Grebinyk A. , Gross M. , Krasilnikov M. , Kuhl T. , Li X.-K. , Oppelt A. , Philipp S. , Richard C. , Riemer F. , Stephan F. , Khachatryan V. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study is demonstration of the principal possibility to increase the electron beam dose deposition at the certain depth of the sample for radiation therapy purposes. Electron bunches of 22 MeV within train generated at PITZ are focused inside the sample using a dedicated fast deflector and a solenoid magnet. To explore the capabilities of the proposed setup, dose distributions are calculated for multiple electron bunches focused in a single point inside a water phantom. Electron beam focusing produces dose peaks with a tunable maximal dose depth which is interesting for healthy tissue sparing at the surface and enhancing treatment quality. The duration of the full bunch train is 1 ms. During this time interval, the FLASH effect could be efficiently triggered inside the irradiated target volume. Monte Carlo simulations based on the FLUKA code were performed to evaluate the depth dose curves distributions in a water phantom. Using the PITZ electron beam parameters, simulations have shown the possibility to produce a peak dose in water seven times higher than compared to the dose at the surface. Moreover, the RMS size homogeneous area around the maximal dose is approximately 25 mm.
Conceptual design of the high-power electron beam irradiator using niobium-tin superconducting cavity
Authors: Sakai H , Yamamoto M , Tanaka O , Honda Y , Umemori K , Yamada T , Shimizu H , Morikawa Y , Kamiya Y , Nakamura N , Harada K , Higashi N 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for high-intensity beams in the field of electron beam irradiation. This includes mass production of nuclear medicine examinations using 99Mo and high-efficiency production through material modification via material irradiation. Although superconducting cavities can achieve high-current beam acceleration, a compact accelerator is desirable for general-purpose irradiation beams. In this paper, we designed a practical 10 MeV, 50 mA high-current beam irradiator using a new Nb3Sn superconducting cavity.
Magnetic field simulations and measurements on the mini-ICAL detector
Authors: Khindri Honey , Satyanarayana B. , Indumathi D. , Datar V.M. , Shinde R. , Dalal N. , Prabhakar S. , Ajith S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The ICAL (Iron Calorimeter) is a 51 kton magnetized
detector proposed by the INO collaboration. It is designed to detect
muons with energies in the 1–20 GeV range. A magnetic field of
∼ 1.5 T in the ICAL detector will be generated by passing a DC
current through suitable copper coils. This will enable it to
distinguish between μ- and μ+ that will be generated from
the interaction of atmospheric νμ and νμ
with iron. This will help in resolving the open question of mass
ordering in the neutrino sector. Apart from charge identification,
the magnetic field will be used to reconstruct the muon momentum
(direction and magnitude). Therefore it is important to know the
magnetic field in the detector as accurately as possible. We present
here an (indirect) measurement of the magnetic field in the 85 ton
prototype mini-ICAL detector working in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, for
different coil currents. A detailed 3-D finite element simulation
was done for the mini-ICAL geometry using Infolytica MagNet software
and the magnetic field was computed for different coil
currents. This paper presents, for the first time, a comparison of
the magnetic field measured in the air gaps with the simulated
magnetic field, to validate the simulation using real time
data. Using the simulations the magnetic field inside the iron is
estimated.