bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between aluminum and iron exposure in maternal blood and umbilical cord blood and congenital heart defects in children
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Chunhua , Mao Baohong , Liu Qian , Wang Yanxia , Yi Bin , Liu Qing 
Published: January 2024

Background
Congenital heart disease (CHDs) is the major cause of mortality from birth defects, affecting up to 1% of live births worldwide. However, the relationship between aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) levels and the risk of CHDs has yielded inconsistent results.

Methods
We conducted a pair-matched case–control study that included 97 CHDs and 194 non-CHDs to investigate the association and interaction between Al/Fe exposure and the risk of CHDs in a birth cohort study in Lanzhou, China.

Results
Higher concentrations of cord blood Al were associated with a greater risk of total CHDs (aOR = 2.826, 95% CI [1.009–7.266]) and isolated CHDs (aOR = 10.713, 95% CI [1.017–112.851]) compared to the lowest Al level. Both in maternal blood and cord blood, a significant dose-effect was observed between Al level and total CHDs (Ptrend < 0.05), but a similar pattern was not observed for Fe. High Al in addition to high Fe appeared to elicit a stronger association with CHDs than both lowest tertile of Al and Fe level in umbilical cord blood, particularly for multiple CHDs, septal defects and patent ductus arteriosus.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that exposure to Al during pregnancy (≥2,408 μg/L) is significantly associated with an increased risk of CHDs in offspring, especially septal defects, and that high levels of Al and Fe are strongly correlated with fetal heart development. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms.
COBERTURA POR PLANOS DE SAÚDE DO CONGELAMENTO DE ÓVULOS E A MATERNIDADE TARDIA:
Authors: De Almeida Chamusca Açucena 
Published: January 2024

RESUMO: Artigo destinado à análise da relação entre os direitos reprodutivos e a técnica de congelamento de óvulos como forma de efetivar o direito ao livre planejamento familiar. Tem-se como objetivo evidenciar que o adiamento voluntário da maternidade, através do social egg freezing, é um meio de assegurar o planejamento familiar. Discute-se a (im)possibilidade de cobertura por planos de saúde, tendo em vista as disposições contidas nas Leis nº 9.263/1996, 9.656/1998 e 11.935/2009, bem como os limites do poder regulamentador da ANS na elaboração da RN nº 465, sendo avaliado também o entendimento atual do STJ acerca do tema. Ante o reconhecimento dos direitos reprodutivos como direitos fundamentais, é necessário analisar a ambiguidade existente entre a Lei dos Planos de Saúde e as normas regulamentadoras editadas pela ANS. Quanto aos aspectos metodológicos, o método utilizado foi o hipotético-dedutivo. A construção da pesquisa se deu majoritariamente a partir de levantamento teórico e bibliográfico.
Palavras-chave: Planejamento familiar; Direitos reprodutivos; Congelamento social de óvulos; Maternidade tardia; Planos de saúde.
Drawing out children's false memories
Authors: Strange Deryn , Garry Maryanne , Sutherland Rachel 
Published: June 2003

AbstractSince the early 1980s there has been much research investigating children's susceptibility to memory distortions when interviewed with a range of techniques. Early studies using the ‘Draw and Tell’ interview have shown that drawing, when used as a recall technique, increases the amount of correct information reported during a recall interview, without decreasing accuracy (Butler et al., 1995). We examined whether drawing, as a rehearsal technique, would lead 5‐ and 6‐year‐old children to claim that implausible events that they had previously said didn't happen, had actually happened. Children were asked whether a list of events on a Life Events Inventory (LEI) had occurred. One week later, half the children completed a ‘Draw and Tell’ interview for some target events but not others. All children completed the LEI again. Children who drew were more likely to claim that all events, not just those they drew, really happened. We discuss implications for the use of the ‘Draw and Tell’ procedure in clinical and therapeutic contexts. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting the directionality of probability words from their membership functions
Authors: Budescu David V. , Karelitz Tzur M. , Wallsten Thomas S. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractTeigen and Brun have suggested that distinct from their numerical implications, most probability phrases are either positive or negative, in that they encourage one to think of reasons why the target event will or will not occur. We report two experiments testing our hypotheses that (a) the direction of a phrase can be predicted from properties of its membership function, and (b) this relation is invariant across contexts, and (c) —originally formulated by Teigen and Brun (1999)—that strong modifiers intensify phrase directionality. For each phrase, participants encoded membership functions by judging the degree to which it described the numerical probabilities 0.0, 0.1, …, 1.0, and also completed sentences including the target phrase. The types of reasons given in the sentence completion task were used to determine the phrase's directionality. The results support our hypotheses (a) and (b) regarding the relation between directionality and the membership functions, but we found only limited support for hypothesis (c) regarding the effects of modifiers on directionality. A secondary goal, to validate an efficient method of encoding membership functions, was also achieved. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of denatured proteins by hydrophobic interaction chromatography: A preliminary study
Authors: Bramanti Emilia , Ferri Fabrizio , Sortino Chandra , Onor Massimo , Raspi Giorgio , Venturini Marcella 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn this preliminary study hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is proposed as a good tool in order to detect conformational changes induced by chemical denaturants in two globular proteins, cytochrome C (Cyt C) and myoglobin (MYO). Alterations in protein structure were manifested chromatographically by reproducible changes in peak heights, retention time, and appearance of multiple peaks. The HIC behavior of the two model proteins denatured by guanidinium thyocyanate (GdmSCN) was investigated, keeping constant various concentrations of urea in the mobile phase in a TSK‐Gel Phenyl‐5PW column (TosoBiosep). Suitable elution conditions provide evidence of the simultaneous presence of two denatured forms in the case of MYO, and sequential different denatured states of Cyt C. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 69: 293–300, 2003
Quantitation of oxcarbazepine and its metabolites in human plasma by micellar electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Pucci Vincenzo , Kenndler Ernst , Raggi Maria Augusta 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA reliable micellar electrokinetic chromatographic method for the determination of oxcarbazepine and its two main metabolites, 10‐hydroxycarbamazepine and 10,11‐trans‐dihydroxy‐10,11‐dihydroxycarbamazepine, in human plasma was developed. The separation and determination of the analytes was achieved using a system consisting of 60 mM SDS in phosphate buffer (30 mM, pH 8.0), to which 20% (v/v) methanol was added. Separation was carried out in an uncoated fused‐silica capillary with a separation voltage of 25 kV and currents typically less than 40 µA. Spectrophotometric detection was at 205 nm. Isolation of oxcarbazepine and its metabolites from plasma was accomplished by a solid‐phase extraction procedure. The mean extraction yield of the analytes from plasma was higher than 94%. The linear correlation coefficients were better than 0.994 for all analytes. The limit of detection was 0.05 µg/mL, the limit of quantitation 0.15 µg/mL. The repeatability for the spiked blank plasma samples was lower than 1.9% and the intermediate precision lower than 2.1%, both expressed as RSD%. The results obtained analysing real plasma samples from epileptic patients under therapy with Tolep® were satisfactory in terms of precision, accuracy and detectability. Copyright­© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new efficient method for determining the number of components in PARAFAC models
Authors: Bro Rasmus , Kiers Henk A. L. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA new diagnostic called the core consistency diagnostic (CORCONDIA) is suggested for determining the proper number of components for multiway models. It applies especially to the parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model, but also to other models that can be considered as restricted Tucker3 models. It is based on scrutinizing the ‘appropriateness’ of the structural model based on the data and the estimated parameters of gradually augmented models. A PARAFAC model (employing dimension‐wise combinations of components for all modes) is called appropriate if adding other combinations of the same components does not improve the fit considerably. It is proposed to choose the largest model that is still sufficiently appropriate. Using examples from a range of different types of data, it is shown that the core consistency diagnostic is an effective tool for determining the appropriate number of components in e.g. PARAFAC models. However, it is also shown, using simulated data, that the theoretical understanding of CORCONDIA is not yet complete. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring the Location, Amount, and Nature of Carbonaceous Deposits on Aged Zeolite Ferrierite Crystals by Using STEM‐EELS
Authors: van Donk Sander , de Groot Frank M. F. , Stéphan Odile , Bitter Johannes H. , de Jong Krijn P. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBy the use of electron energy‐loss spectroscopy performed in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM‐EELS), detailed spatial information is obtained concerning the amount and nature of carbonaceous deposits formed inside the crystals of the zeolite ferrierite (FER) during the reaction of n‐butene to isobutene. In all cases, gradients in coke concentration over the crystal have been observed and quantified. An extensive accumulation of coke is observed at the entrance of the eight‐membered‐ring (MR) pores, while less coke is present at the entrances of the ten‐MR channels. At a higher coke content, further filling up of the complete micropore system occurs and the eight‐MR pores become fully blocked. The ten‐MR channels remain partially accessible for n‐butene, with alkyl‐aromatic species deposited near the inlets of these channels. With regard to the selective transformation of n‐butene into isobutene, this supports the view that the catalytic action takes place in the pore mouths of the ten‐MR channels. Overall it is demonstrated that the major benefit of STEM‐EELS is the possibility to simultaneously determine the position‐resolved amount and nature of carbonaceous deposits on intact zeolite crystals.
Global versus Local Aromaticity in Porphyrinoid Macrocycles: Experimental and Theoretical Study of “Imidacene”, an Imidazole‐Containing Analogue of Porphycene
Authors: Sargent Andrew L. , Hawkins Ian C. , Allen William E. , Liu Hong , Sessler Jonathan L. , Fowler Christopher J. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe synthesis, spectroscopic properties, and computational analysis of an imidazole‐based analogue of porphycene are described. The macrocycle, given the trivial name “imidacene”, was prepared by reductive coupling of a diformyl‐substituted 2,2′‐biimidazole using low‐valent titanium, followed by treatment with 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone. Imidacene displays a porphyrin‐like electronic structure, as judged by its 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and UV/Vis spectral characteristics. Despite a cyclic 18 π‐electron pathway, dichloromethane or ethyl acetate solutions of imidacene were found to undergo rapid decomposition, even in the absence of light and air. A series of high‐level theoretical calculations, performed to probe the origin of this instability, revealed that the presence of a delocalized 18 π‐electron pathway in both imidacene and porphycene provides less aromatic stabilization energy than locally aromatic 6 π‐electron heterocycles in their reduced counterparts. That reduction of imidacene occurs on perimeter nitrogen atoms allows it to maintain its planarity and two stabilizing intramolecular hydrogen bonds, thereby distinguishing it from porphycene and, more generally, from porphyrin. Despite the presence of both 18 π‐ and 22 π‐electron pathways in the planar, reduced form of imidacene, aromaticity is evident only in the 6 π‐electron five‐membered rings. Our computational analysis predicts that routine 1H NMR spectroscopy can be used to distinguish between local and global aromaticity in planar porphyrinoid macrocycles; the difference in the chemical shift for the internal NH protons is expected to be on the order of 19 ppm for these two electronically disparate sets of ostensibly similar compounds.
Synthesis, Structure, and Fluxionality of Strained Hypercoordinate Silicon‐Bridged [1]Ferrocenophanes
Authors: Bourke Sara C. , Jäkle Frieder , Vejzovic Emira , Lam Kin‐Chung , Rheingold Arnold L. , Lough Alan J. , Manners Ian 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe first hypercoordinate sila[1]ferrocenophanes [fcSiMe(2‐C6H4CH2NMe2)] (5 a) and [fcSi(CH2Cl)(2‐C6H4CH2NMe2)] (5 b) (fc=(η5‐C5H4)Fe(η5‐C5H4)) were synthesized by low‐temperature (−78 °C) reactions of Li[2‐C6H4CH2NMe2] with the appropriate chlorinated sila[1]ferrocenophanes ([fcSiMeCl] (1 a) and [fcSi(CH2Cl)Cl] (1 d), respectively). Single‐crystal Xray diffraction studies revealed pseudo‐trigonal bipyramidal structures for both 5 a and 5 b, with one of the shortest reported Si⋅⋅⋅N distances for an sp3‐hybridized nitrogen atom interacting with a tetraorganosilane detected for 5 a (2.776(2) Å). Elongated SiCipso bonds trans to the donating NMe2 arms (1.919(2) and 1.909(2) Å for 5 a and 5 b, respectively) were observed relative to both the non‐trans bonds (5 a: 1.891(2); 5 b: 1.879(2) Å) and the SiCipso bonds of the non‐hypercoordinate analogues ([fcSiMePh] (1 b): 1.879(4), 1.880(4) Å; [fcSi(CH2Cl)Ph] (1 e): 1.881(2), 1.884(2)). Solution‐state fluxionality of 5 a and 5 b, suggestive of reversible coordination of the NMe2 group to silicon, was demonstrated by means of variable‐temperature NMR studies. The ΔG≠ of the fluxional processes for 5 a and 5 b in CD2Cl2 were estimated to be 35.0 and 37.6 kJ mol−1, respectively (35.8 and 38.3 kJ mol−1 in [D8]toluene). The quaternization of 5 a and 5 b by MeOTf, to give [fcSiMe(2‐C6H4CH2NMe3)][OTf] (7 a‐OTf) and [fcSi(CH2Cl)(2‐C6H4CH2NMe3)][OTf] (7 b‐OTf), respectively, supported the reversibility of NMe2 coordination at the silicon center as the source of fluxionality for 5 a and 5 b. Surprisingly, low room‐temperature stability was detected for 5 b due to its tendency to intramolecularly cyclize and form the spirocyclic [fcSi(cyclo‐CH2NMe2CH2C6H4)]Cl (9‐Cl). This process was observed in both solution and the solid state, and isolation and Xray characterization of 9‐Cl was achieved. The model compound, [Fc2Si(2‐C6H4CH2NMe2)2] (8), synthesized through reaction of [Fc2SiCl2] with two equivalents of Li[2‐C6H4CH2NMe2] at −78 °C, showed a lack of hypercoordination in both the solid state and in solution (down to −80 °C). This suggests that either the reduced steric hindrance around Si or the unique electronics of the strained sila[1]ferrocenophanes is necessary for hypercoordination to occur.
Chemical Reactivity Controlled by Negative Hyperconjugation: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Nilsson Lill Sten O. , Rauhut Guntram , Anders Ernst 
Published: June 2003

AbstractNegative hyperconjugation is a general phenomenon that can be observed in many areas of chemistry. The knowledge of its impact on structural parameters and conformational issues is well established, but little is known about its importance for chemical reactivity. Here we present a systematic study of different aspects of negative hyperconjugation on the reactivity of complex heterocyclic systems using density functional theory. Intermediates from the reaction of nitrogen‐based nucleophiles with bis(1,3,4‐thiadiazolo)‐1,3,5‐triazinium halides serve as benchmark systems to demonstrate the effects of negative hyperconjugation on bond lengths, on the relative stability of conformational isomers and transition structures and, most importantly, on the different reaction pathways of these species. The computational results provided here are in part supported by experiments reported elsewhere.
Syntheses and Coordination Chemistry of Aminomethylphosphine Derivatives of Adenine
Authors: Zhang Qingzhi , Hua Guoxiong , Bhattacharyya Pravat , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Woollins J. Derek 
Published: June 2003

AbstractTwo aminomethylphosphane derivatives of adenine 9‐(2‐{bis[(diphenylphosphanyl)methyl]amino}ethyl)adenine (La) and 9‐(3‐{bis[(diphenylphosphanyl)methyl]amino}propyl)adenine (Lb) were synthesised. Oxidation of La and Lb with H2O2, elemental sulfur or elemental selenium led to the corresponding oxidized products 4a/b−6a/b. Both La and Lb behave as didentate ligands towards late transition metals. Reaction of La or Lb with [MX2(cod)] (M = Pd, Pt; X = Cl, Me) gave chelate complexes 7a/b−10a/b. Reaction of La or Lb with [AuCl(tht)] or [{RuCl(μ‐Cl)(p‐MeC6H4iPr)}2] gave the didentate bridging complexes 11a/b and 12a. All compounds have been fully characterised by microanalysis, IR, 1H and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy, and EI/CI/FAB mass spectrometry. 1H{31P} NMR and 1H‐13C correlation experiments were used to confirm the spectral assignments where necessary. Two compounds were structurally characterised by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Determination of Se(IV) in On‐Line System by Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry
Authors: Korolczuk Mieczyslaw , Grabarczyk Malgorzata 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA sensitive and selective on‐line voltammetric procedure for determination of traces of Se(IV) is presented. The pulsed potential accumulation was proposed for minimization of interferences of surface active substances and foreign ions. The calibration plot was linear from 1×10−9 mol L−1 to 4×10−8 mol L−1 for accumulation time of 180 s. The relative standard deviation was 6.1% (n=5) for a Se(IV) concentration of 1×10−8 mol L−1. The detection limit estimated from (3 σ) for an accumulation time of 180 s was about 4×10−10 mol L−1. The validation of the procedure proposed was made by a recovery tests for tap and river water samples.
The removal of reactive azo dyes by natural and modified zeolites
Authors: Armaǧan B , Özdemir O , Turan M , Çelik MS 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe adsorption mechanism of three reactive dyes by zeolite has been examined with the aim of identifying the ability of zeolite to remove textile dyes from aqueous solutions. Towards this aim, a series of batch adsorption experiments was carried out, along with determination of the electrokinetic properties of both natural and modified zeolites. The adsorbent in this study is a clinoptilolite from the Gördes region of Turkey. The reactive dyes CI Reactive Black 5, Red 239 and Yellow 176 are typical azo dyes extensively used in textile dyeing. Adsorption tests were carried out as a function of mixing time, solids concentration, dye concentration and pH. The adsorption results indicate that the natural zeolite has a limited adsorption capacity for reactive dyes but is substantially improved upon modifying its surfaces with quaternary amines. An electrostatic adsorption mechanism involving the formation of a bilayer of amine molecules on the clinoptilolite surface onto which anionic dye molecules adsorb, depending on their polarities, is proposed. The results are also supported by electrokinetic measurements. The adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir isotherm and it was found that the modified sepiolite yields adsorption capacities (qe) of 111, 89 and 61 mg g−1 for Red, Yellow and Black, respectively. These results are comparable to a popular adsorbent, activated carbon. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Field investigations of soil hydrological properties of fen soils in North‐East Germany
Authors: Schindler Uwe , Müller Lothar , Behrendt Axel 
Published: June 2003

AbstractTo investigate the changes of hydrological properties of peat soil in course of soil development, field measurements at 84 fen sites (Histosols) in 19 fen regions of North‐East Germany were carried out. Capillary water supply at all the stages of soil development was not limited up to 70 cm of ground water level. Worsening of plant water supply was the result of mud accumulation in the capillary fringe, ground water levels located deeper than 70 cm below soil surface, low hydraulic conductivity in the ground water zone, and hysteresis effects, affected by high dynamics of ground water level during the day.
Longitudinally implanted intrafascicular electrodes for stimulating and recording fascicular physioelectrical signals in the sciatic nerve of rabbits
Authors: Zheng Xiujun , Zhang Jian , Chen Tongyi , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this experiment was to determine the stimulating and recording characters of fascicular physioelectrical signals in the activity of peripheral nerves by longitudinally implanted intrafascicular electrodes (LIFEs) in a rabbit sciatic nerve model, and discuss the future application of LIFEs in functional electrical stimulation (FES) and control of electric arm prosthesis. In methodology, LIFEs were inserted into the fasciculus of the sciatic nerves of rabbits and used as recording electrodes and stimulating electrodes, respectively. Motor‐evoked potentials (MEPs), cortical somatosensory‐evoked potentials (CSEPs), and electromyography (EMG) were recorded by using a transcranial stimulation system (TCS). LIFEs were found to have stable stimulating and recording characters. The interpeak amplitudes (IPAs) of MEPs ranged from 78–156 μV (mean ± SD, 102 ± 23.2 μV). The onset latency (OL) of MEPs ranged from 9.8–11.2 msec (mean ± SD, 10.8 ± 0.6 msec). The interpeak amplitudes (IPAs) of CSEPs ranged from 5.8–7.2 μV (mean ± SD, 6.7 ± 0.5 μV). The onset latency (OL) of CSEPs ranged from 11.4–14.6 msec (mean ± SD, 12.8 ± 1.3 msec). EMGs could be recorded in the gastrocnemius, but could not be recorded in the tibialis anterior muscle. In conclusion, longitudinally implanted intrafascicular electrodes can act as intrafascicular stimulating and recording electrodes with high selective characters. They can provide a new way to study fascicular physioelectrical signals and their function in the activity of peripheral nerves. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:268–273 2003
Experimental model of heterotopic uterus transplantation in the laboratory rat
Authors: Jiga Lucian P. , Lupu Cătălin M. , Zoica Bogdana S. , Ionac Mihai 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe present study describes a standardized experimental model of whole‐uterus‐and‐ovaries heterotopic allotransplantation in the laboratory rat. Fifteen transplantation procedures were done. The anatomy of the pelvic region was studied with an additional 20 dissections, noting the topographical and vascular anatomy of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovarian vessels. Recipients were randomized into three groups. The average operative time was 150 min. The postoperative survival rate was 100%. Postoperative vascular anastomosis patency was 100%, and 26% at 72 hr. Recipients were euthanized at 24 hr (group I), 48 hr (group II), and 72 hr (group III); grafts were harvested and examined macroscopically, and fixed in formaline for histopathological and immunocytochemical analysis. Failure in 74% of the grafts at 72 hr was due to early thrombosis, starting from the capillary bed and progressing towards the main feeding pedicles. More studies must be undertaken to further understand the rejection mechanisms in transplanted reproductive organs. The efficiency, feasibility, and safety for such an operation in humans remain to be proven. We consider the present model a suitable tool to study all the above‐mentioned goals. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:246–250 2003