bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A giant head and neck hemangioma of the fetus: A case report
Authors: Wang Xueying , Zhang Hongwei , Zhang Maochun , Guo Yuanyuan 
Published: December 2023

Rationale:
Hemangioma is a common benign disease in clinical practice, but it is rare to find a giant hemangioma in the fetal period.

Patient concerns:
Here, we report a case of a giant hemangioma of the fetal head and neck measuring approximately 10.1 × 6.5 cm.

Diagnoses:
At first, only ultrasonography was used to diagnose the suspected hemangioma. The pregnant woman refused to undergo further testing and requested induction of labor, after which the tumor was finally sent for pathological examination to confirm hemangioma.

Interventions and outcomes:
Additionally, the fetus developed severe edema (fluid accumulation in the thoracic, abdominal, and pericardial cavities), which can be fatal to the fetus. Finally, the mother refused to continue the pregnancy and underwent induction of labor with rivanol.

Lessons:
Most hemangiomas are small and asymptomatic. Giant hemangiomas are rare and associated with a variety of maternal and fetal complications. Therefore, this article aims to summarize the knowledge related to hemangioma through this case, strengthen doctors’ understanding of this disease, and bring the attention of pregnant women to this disease to ensure early diagnosis and treatment and prevent a poor prognosis.
Effect of probiotic supplementation on cognition and depressive symptoms in patients with depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: He Jiang , Chang Lemei , Zhang Lange , Wu Wenkai , Zhuo Dongyan 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Depression affects millions globally and often coexists with cognitive deficits. This study explored the potential of probiotics in enhancing cognition and ameliorating depressive symptoms in major depressive disorder patients.

Methods:
Utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol and the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, and Study design framework, we systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials examining probiotic effects on cognition and depressive symptoms. Searches spanned 7 databases from January 2010 to May 2022. Risk of bias was assessed using Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0, and meta-analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.4.1. Publication bias was evaluated via Egger test.

Results:
In a systematic review on the effects of probiotic supplementation on cognition and depressive symptoms in depression patients, 635 records were initially identified, with 4 studies ultimately included. These randomized controlled trials were conducted across diverse regions, primarily involving females, with assessment periods ranging from 1 to 2 months. Concerning cognitive outcomes, a statistically significant moderate improvement was found with probiotic supplementation, based on the mean difference and its 95% confidence interval. However, for depressive symptoms, the overall effect was negligible and not statistically significant. A heterogeneity test indicated consistent findings across studies for both cognitive and depressive outcomes (I² = 0% for both). The potential for publication bias was evaluated using the Egger linear regression test, suggesting no significant bias, though caution is advised due to the limited number of studies.

Conclusion:
Probiotics may enhance cognitive domains and mitigate depressive symptoms, emphasizing the gut-brain axis role. However, methodological variations and brief intervention durations call for more standardized, extensive research.
Prolonged misdiagnosis of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes syndrome: A case report
Authors: Wang Yun , Zhang Weimin , Jiang Xuandong 
Published: December 2023

Rationale:
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a subset of rare mitochondrial diseases characterized by diverse clinical manifestations, which often complicates its diagnosis.

Patient concerns:
This report chronicles the experiences of a 14-year-old female patient who underwent multiple misdiagnoses before the eventual identification of MELAS syndrome. Her journey began with symptoms that included growth retardation, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and epilepsy.

Diagnosis:
The definitive diagnosis of MELAS syndrome was established through genetic confirmation, revealing a mutation in the MT-TL1 gene (m.3242A > G).

Interventions:
Upon diagnosis, the patient received targeted symptomatic treatment, which led to pronounced improvements in her symptoms.

Outcomes:
The patient’s condition stabilized with the administered treatments, and she exhibited significant symptom relief, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.

Lessons:
This case underscores the imperative for heightened clinical vigilance and thorough differential diagnosis in the face of complex clinical presentations, such as those seen in MELAS syndrome, to ensure timely and appropriate interventions.
Effectiveness and safety of umbilical cord milking in premature infants: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Tao Ming , Wang Shaojun , Chen Juan , Hu Qiong , Luo Shuju , Tang Zhonglan , Mu Yongfang , Luo Nian , Wang Qing , Wang Mingsheng , Peng Tao 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
Both UCM and DCC are used to treat preterm infants, but there is no uniform standard for the length of UCM. The aim of this work was to explore the effectiveness and safety of different umbilical cord milking (UCM) lengths versus delayed cord clamping (DCC).

Methods:
We enrolled premature infants from the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University between September 2019 and October 2020 with random allocation (1:1:1:1) to the UCM 10 cm, UCM 20 cm, UCM 30 cm, and DCC groups. The primary outcome was hemoglobin at birth.

Results:
Ultimately, 143 participants completed the trial (UCM 10 cm, n = 35; UCM 20 cm, n = 35; UCM 30 cm, n = 38; DCC, n = 35). The hemoglobin levels were significantly lower at birth in the UCM 10 cm group than in the UCM 20 and 30 cm and DCC groups (182.29 ± 22.15 vs 202.83 ± 21.46, 208.82 ± 20.72, and 198.46 ± 24.92, P = .001, .001, and .003, respectively). The systolic blood pressure and diastolic pressures in the UCM 30 cm group were higher than those in the UCM 10 and 20 cm and DCC groups at birth, postnatal day 3 and postnatal day 7 (P < .05). The occurrence rates of anemia were significantly higher in the UCM 10 cm group than in the UCM 20 and 30 cm and DCC groups (42.9% vs 14.3%, 10.5%, and 14.3%, all P < .0083). There were no significant differences in heart rate or complications among the 4 groups.

Conclusions:
A UCM of 20 or 30 cm is a safe, effective operation for preterm infants and could improve blood pressure and hemoglobin levels and reduce anemia.
Effectiveness of low-intensity atorvastatin 5 mg and ezetimibe 10 mg combination therapy compared with moderate-intensity atorvastatin 10 mg monotherapy: A randomized, double-blinded, multi-center, phase III study
Authors: Lee Seung-Ah , Hong Soon Jun , Sung Jung-Hoon , Kim Kyung-Soo , Kim Seong Hwan , Cho Jin Man , Chun Sung Wan , Lee Sang Rok , Kim Chul Sik , Kim Tae Nyun , Kim Dae Hyeok , Park Hwan-Cheol , Kim Byung Jin , Kim Hyun-Sook , Choi Ji-Yong , Hong Young Joon , Chung Joong Wha , Yoon Seong Bo , Lee Sang-Hak , Lee Cheol Whan 
Published: December 2023

Background:
We compared the efficacy and safety of low-intensity atorvastatin and ezetimibe combination therapy with moderate-intensity atorvastatin monotherapy in patients requiring cholesterol-lowering therapy.

Methods:
At 19 centers in Korea, 290 patients were randomized to 4 groups: atorvastatin 5 mg and ezetimibe 10 mg (A5E), ezetimibe 10 mg (E), atorvastatin 5 mg (A5), and atorvastatin 10 mg (A10). Clinical and laboratory examinations were performed at baseline, and at 4-week and 8-week follow-ups. The primary endpoint was percentage change from baseline in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels at the 8-week follow-up. Secondary endpoints included percentage changes from baseline in additional lipid parameters.

Results:
Baseline characteristics were similar among the study groups. At the 8-week follow-up, percentage changes in LDL cholesterol levels were significantly greater in the A5E group (49.2%) than in the E (18.7%), A5 (27.9%), and A10 (36.4%) groups. Similar findings were observed regarding the percentage changes in total cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels. Triglyceride levels were also significantly decreased in the A5E group than in the E group, whereas high-density lipoprotein levels substantially increased in the A5E group than in the E group. In patients with low- and intermediate-cardiovascular risk, 93.3% achieved the target LDL cholesterol levels in the A5E group, 40.0% in the E group, 66.7% in the A5 group, and 92.9% in the A10 group. In addition, 31.4% of patients in the A5E group, 8.1% in E, 9.7% in A5, and 7.3% in the A10 group reached the target levels of both LDL cholesterol < 70 mg/dL and reduction of LDL ≥ 50% from baseline.

Conclusions:
The addition of ezetimibe to low-intensity atorvastatin had a greater effect on lowering LDL cholesterol than moderate-intensity atorvastatin alone, offering an effective treatment option for cholesterol management, especially in patients with low and intermediate risks.
Severe refractory hypotension during induction of general anesthesia in patient after 48 hours of azilsartan discontinuation: A case report
Authors: Lee Ji Hye , Kim Yu Yil , Heo Hyun Joo , Kim Gwanbeom , Oh Changhwan 
Published: December 2023

Rationale:
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are currently considered first-line antihypertensive drugs, effectively inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. However, ARBs have been associated with intraoperative hypotension during general anesthesia. Although it is recommended to discontinue ARBs for 24 hours before surgery, the optimal duration of discontinuation remains unclear. We present a severe refractory hypotension encountered during general anesthesia despite discontinuing ARBs for 48 hours before anesthesia.

Patient concerns:
A severe refractory hypotension occurred during the induction of general anesthesia for cranioplasty in a 66-year-old male patient (170 cm/75 kg). The patient was taking azilsartan, angiotensin receptor blocker, for hypertension, which was discontinued 48 hours before anesthesia induction. Despite repeated administration of ephedrine and continuous infusion of norepinephrine, hemodynamic instability did not improve. Therefore, the surgery was postponed.

Diagnosis:
The patient was diagnosed with angiotensin receptor blocker-induced refractory hypotension.

Interventions:
Before the second surgery, the angiotensin receptor blocker was discontinued 96 hours prior to the surgery. Invasive blood pressure monitoring was performed before anesthesia induction, and vasopressin was prepared. General anesthesia was induced using remimazolam and maintained with desflurane.

Outcomes:
The surgery was completed successfully without occurrence of refractory hypotension.

Lessons:
Refractory hypotension induced by Angiotensin receptor blockers can still occur even after discontinuing the medication for 48 hours before induction of general anesthesia. Despite withholding the medication, caution should be practiced regarding hypotension during general anesthesia in patient taking ARBs.
Primary synovial sarcoma and acinar adenocarcinoma of prostate rarely occur simultaneously: A case report
Authors: Shi Qichong , Zhou Yun , Wang Longmei 
Published: December 2023

Rationale:
Primary synovial sarcoma of the prostate is an extremely rare mesenchymal malignant soft tissue tumor with unique morphological features. Synovial sarcoma often occurs in the pararticular tissues of limbs in young people, but rarely occurs in prostate. Because it is very rare, it is easily misdiagnosed as benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer clinically. A case of synchronous acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate has not been reported. In this article, we report a unique case of primary prostatic synovial sarcoma with acinar adenocarcinoma.

Patient concerns:
A 58-year-old male patient was found to have a prostate mass during physical examination. Prostate ultrasound examination showed an increase in prostate volume of 5.2 × 3.3 × 3.3 cm, mixed echo mass can be seen on the left side of the prostate, with a size of approximately 4.9 × 4.3 cm, left seminal vesicle compressed.

Diagnoses:
Prostatic synovial sarcoma (biphasic type) combined with prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma (Gleason 3 + 3).

Intervention:
The patient received radical prostatectomy, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Outcome:
After 2 months of follow-up, at the time of writing this article, the patient received a comprehensive treatment plan of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for 2 months, and no recurrence or metastasis was found.

Lessons:
Primary prostatic synovial sarcoma (biphasic type) combined with prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma is a very unique and rare case, and effective treatment guidelines are not yet clear, posing new challenges to clinical treatment. Making full use of pathological and imaging examinations, early diagnosis and radical surgery combined with multidisciplinary treatment seem to be still a positive method.
Strategy for dealing with unfamiliar and thick vessels during microvascular decompression: A first case report of hemifacial spasm caused by a persistent primitive trigeminal artery
Authors: Ahn Kanghee , Jin Kim Yeong , Jung Tae-Young , Moon Kyung-Sub , Kim In-Young , Jung Shin 
Published: December 2023

Rationale:
A persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA) is a rare embryonic cerebrovascular anomaly. Hemifacial spasm (HFS) refers to involuntary contractions of facial muscles caused by the compression of blood vessels against the root exit zone of the facial nerve. There have been no reported cases of PPTA causing neurovascular contact and HFS. Microvascular decompression surgery effectively treats HFS, but operating on strong PPTA vessels poses challenges. We aim to introduce a more efficient approach for overcomes these difficulties and facilitates surgery.

Patient concerns:
A 44-year-old male patient without any underlying medical conditions presented to our hospital with involuntary movements of the left side of his face accompanied by numbness in the left maxilla (V2 area).

Diagnosis:
Brain magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography showed that PPTA was in contact with the left facial nerve.

Interventions and outcomes:
Following a retro-sigmoid craniotomy, we attempted to interpose the facial nerve and the PPTA as an offender vessel, but the decompression was not sufficient. However, after transposing the vessel using the proximal Teflon transposition with interposition technique, the strength of the involuntary movements was reduced. Following surgery, there was no more lateral spreading response, and the patient symptoms improved.

Lessions:
In cases where the vessel causing HFS is particularly strong and thick, the proximal Teflon transposition with interposition technique for transposition may be advantageous. This method could simplify and enhance the efficacy of microvascular decompression, without compromising the quality of surgical outcomes.
The therapeutic efficacy of guided therapy for PCI after acute myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Meixia , Ding Yi , Chen Kang , He Yanwen , Zhang Yukun , Zhuo Yue , Zhuang He 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
To systematically evaluate the effects of lead therapies on percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods:
A randomized controlled trial (RCT) in the CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, ProQuest, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was searched until January 2023. Two researchers strictly screened and checked the included literature, extracted relevant data, and used the Cochrane Manual to assess the risk quality of the literature. Using RevMan 5.3 software, Meta-analysis of 4 main outcome measures [cardiac function-related indicators, 6-minute walking distance (6 MWT), quality of life (SF-36), Seattle angina pectoris scale (SAQ)], and 3 secondary outcome measures [adverse event incidence, death incidence, and readmission rate].

Results:
22 studies were finally included with 1754 subjects, but the overall quality of the included studies was not high. The results of the meta-analysis showed that, in the cardiac function-related indicators compared to controls, improved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) index (MD = 1.42, 95%CI [−0.94, 3.79], P < .00001); however, compared with the Baduanjin group, Tai Chi ball + Baduanjin group and control group, there was no significant difference (P > .05); compared with the control group, the guidance therapy group improved the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) index (MD = −4.67, 95%CI [−6.8, −2.71], P < .00001). In comparison, the lead group improved the 6 MWT (MD = 69.44, 95%CI [30.12, 108.76], P < .00001); the SF-36 score (MD = 10.05, 95%CI [8.68, 11.42], P < .00001])and the SAQ score (MD = 6.2, 95%CI [3.97, 8.44], P < .00001). Among the secondary outcome measures, the incidence of adverse events was statistically significant (RR = 0.17, 95%CI [0.1, 0.32], P < .00001); statistically significant (RR = 0.29, 95%CI (0.1, 0.87), P < .00001); readmission (RR = 0.39, 95%CI [0.17, 0.87, 0.89], P < .00001).

Conclusion:
Based on the current study, combining conventional therapy/ exercise or using simple lead therapy after PCI can improve the treatment effect and improve the quality of life.
Pulmonary cryptococcosis masquerading as lung metastasis in gynecologic cancers: Two case reports
Authors: Lee Seul Yi , Song Yong Jung , Lee Geewon , Yoon Hyung Joon , Choi Kyung Un , Suh Dong Soo , Kim Ki Hyung 
Published: December 2023

Rationale:
Pulmonary cryptococcal infections occur mainly in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with malignancies. Preoperative diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) can be challenging for both clinicians and radiologists because of nonspecific clinical manifestations and variable radiologic features, as it is easily misdiagnosed as metastatic lung cancer.

Patient concerns:
In case 1, a 76-year-old woman with a history of cervical cancer presented with lung nodules detected on chest computed tomography (CT) 13 months after completing concurrent chemoradiotherapy. In case 2, a 56-year-old woman with a history of ovarian cancer presented with pulmonary nodules on chest CT 19 months after completing chemotherapy. Both patients were clinically asymptomatic, and tumor markers were not elevated.

Diagnoses:
In case 1, chest CT revealed multiple enhanced nodules with lobulated margins in the left lower lobe, and positron emission tomography (PET)-CT showed uptake in the nodule with a standardized uptake value of 3.7. In case 2, chest CT revealed several nodules in the right upper lobe abutting the right major fissure, and PET-CT revealed fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the nodules. Pathology revealed granulomatous inflammation with cryptococcal infection, and mucicarmine and periodic acid-Schiff staining confirmed cryptococcal infection in both cases.

Interventions:
Presumptive diagnoses of lung metastases were made in both cases and thoracoscopic lobectomy was performed. Postoperatively, the patients received antifungal therapy with fluconazole.

Outcomes:
PC was differentially diagnosed and effectively managed. The patients remained disease-free for both PC and gynecological cancers during subsequent follow-ups.

Lessons:
Recognition that PC can mimic lung metastasis is important for managing gynecological cancers. PC should be considered in the differential diagnosis when single or multiple nodules are detected on chest radiography without elevation of tumor markers in patients with gynecological cancer.
Spontaneous Remission of High-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma After SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Teixeira Ferreira Rita , Cardoso Ferreira Inês , Carmona Susana , Montalvão Ana , Santos Ana Isabel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Despite extensive research into COVID-19 since its emergence in late 2019, there is still much not fully understood about its long-term effects. When infected with SARS-CoV-2, cancer patients have been reported to be at higher risk for unfavorable outcomes. Nevertheless, evidence suggests that viruses may exhibit an antitumor effect in some cases, which has recently been anecdotally reported with SARS-CoV-2. We present the case of a patient with a recent high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosis and without any cancer-specific therapy, in whom a complete metabolic response on 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT was observed after COVID-19.
Imaging of Rotator Cuff Calcific Tendinopathy Using 18F-NaF and 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Park Peter Sang Uk , Werner Thomas J. , Høilund-Carlsen Poul F. , Alavi Abass 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Calcific tendinopathy is a common condition of the shoulder caused by the inflammation and deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals in the rotator cuff tendons. PET tracers capturing the molecular changes associated with the crystal deposition of calcific tendinopathy remain underinvestigated. In this report, we present calcified tendinopathy of the infraspinatus tendon demonstrating both 18F-NaF and 18F-FDG focal uptake in a 61-year-old woman.
Decoding multi-limb movements from low temporal resolution calcium imaging using deep learning
Authors: Park Seungbin , Lipton Megan , Dadarlat Maria C. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryTwo-photon imaging has been a critical tool for dissecting brain circuits and understanding brain function. However, relating slow two-photon calcium imaging data to fast behaviors has been challenging due to relatively low imaging sampling rates, thus limiting potential applications to neural prostheses. Here, we show that a recurrent encoder-decoder network with an output length longer than the input length can accurately decode limb trajectories of a running mouse from two-photon calcium imaging data. The encoder-decoder model could accurately decode information about all four limbs (contralateral and ipsilateral front and hind limbs) from calcium imaging data recorded in a single cortical hemisphere. Furthermore, neurons that were important for decoding were found to be well-tuned to both ipsilateral and contralateral limb movements, showing that artificial neural networks can be used to understand the function of the brain by identifying sub-networks of neurons that correlate with behaviors of interest.