bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of bisindolylmaleimide PKC inhibitors on p90RSK activity in vitro and in adult ventricular myocytes
Authors: Roberts Neil A , Haworth Robert S , Avkiran Metin 
Published: April 2005

Bisindolylmaleimide inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC), such as GF109203X and Ro31‐8220, have been used to investigate the roles of PKC isoforms in many cellular processes in cardiac myocytes, but these agents may also inhibit p90RSK activity.
In in vitro kinase assays utilising 50 μM [ATP], GF109203X and Ro31‐8220 inhibited p90RSK isoforms (IC50 values for inhibition of RSK1, RSK2 and RSK3, respectively, were 610, 310 and 120 nM for GF109203X, and 200, 36 and 5 nM for Ro31‐8220) as well as classical and novel PKC isoforms (IC50 values for inhibition of PKCα and PKCɛ, respectively, were 8 and 12 nM for GF109203X, and 4 and 8 nM for Ro31‐8220).
At physiological [ATP] (5 mM), both GF109203X and Ro31‐8220 exhibited reduced potency as inhibitors of RSK2, PKCα and PKCɛ (IC50 values of 7400, 310 and 170 nM, respectively, for GF109203X, and 930, 150 and 140 nM, respectively, for Ro31‐8220), with the latter agent retaining its relatively greater potency.
To determine the effects of GF109203X and Ro31‐8220 on p90RSK activity in cultured adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVM), phosphorylation of the eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) at Ser366, a known p90RSK target, was used as the index of such activity. Adenoviral expression of a constitutively active form of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) or extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) kinase 1 (MEK1) was used to induce PKC‐independent p90RSK activation and downstream phosphorylation of eEF2K.
eEF2K phosphorylation was abolished by U0126 (1 μM), a selective inhibitor of MEK1, and was significantly reduced by GF109203X at 3 μM and by Ro31‐8220 at 1 μM. At 1 μM, both agents inhibited PMA‐induced PKC activity in ARVM.
These data show that GF109203X and Ro31‐8220 inhibit various isoforms of PKC and p90RSK in vitro and in intact ARVM, with the former agent exhibiting relatively greater selectivity for PKC.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 145, 477–489. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706210
Prostaglandin E2‐induced modification of tetrodotoxin‐resistant Na+ currents involves activation of both EP2 and EP4 receptors in neonatal rat nodose ganglion neurones
Authors: Matsumoto Shigeji , Ikeda Mizuho , Yoshida Shinki , Tanimoto Takeshi , Takeda Mamoru , Nasu Masanori 
Published: April 2005

The aim of the present study was to investigate which EP receptor subtypes (EP1–EP4) act predominantly on the modification of the tetrodotoxin‐resistant Na+ current (INaR) in acutely isolated neonatal rat nodose ganglion (NG) neurones.
Of the four EP receptor agonists ranging from 0.01 to 10 μM, the EP2 receptor agonist (ONO‐AE1‐259, 0.1–10 μM) and the EP4 receptor agonist (ONO‐AE1‐329, 1 μM) significantly increased peak INaR. The responses were associated with a hyperpolarizing shift in the activation curve.
Neither the EP1 receptor agonist ONO‐DI‐004 nor the EP3 receptor agonist ONO‐AE‐248 significantly modified the properties of INaR.
In PGE2 applications ranging from 0.01 to 10 μM, 1 μM PGE2 produced a maximal increase in the peak INaR amplitude. The PGE2 (1 μM)‐induced increase in the GV1/2 baseline (% change in G at baseline V1/2) was significantly attenuated by either intracellular application of the PKA inhibitor PKI or extracellular application of the protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine (1 μM). However, the slope factor k was not significantly altered by PGE2 applications at 0.01–10 μM. In addition, the hyperpolarizing shift of V1/2 by PGE2 was not significantly altered by either PKI or staurosporine.
In other series of experiments, reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) of mRNA from nodose ganglia indicated that all four EP receptors were present.
The NG contained many neuronal cell bodies (diameter <30 μm) with intense or moderate EP2, EP3, and EP4 receptor‐immunoreactivities.
These results suggest that the PGE2‐induced modification of INaR is mainly mediated by activation of both EP2 and EP4 receptors.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 145, 503–513. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706212
Sequence characterized amplified region markers for the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea
Authors: Soubabere O. , Jorge V. , Notteghem J. L. , Lebrun M. H. , Tharreau D. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe developed sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers to monitor recombination and migration within Magnaporthe grisea populations. Twenty‐two primer pairs were designed from random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers or available gene sequences. Sixteen of these SCARs were polymorphic in M. grisea when tested on 232 isolates collected from worldwide origins.
Isolation of nine novel tetranucleotide microsatellites in Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus)
Authors: McPherson A. A. , O'Reilly P. T. , McParland T. L. , Jones M. W. , Bentzen P. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractNine tetranucleotide microsatellite loci developed for Atlantic herring are presented. Loci were isolated using a magnetic bead hybridization selection protocol that yielded an 80% enrichment for tetranucleotide microsatellites. Fifty Atlantic herring from each of a North‐west and North‐east Atlantic spawning group were screened at each locus. Loci were polymorphic (12–56 alleles per locus) and exhibited high levels of observed heterozygosity (0.66–0.98). These loci are therefore suitable for population studies and the analysis of mating systems.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in black grouse (Tetrao tetrix)
Authors: Caizergues Alain , Dubois Sophie , Loiseau Anne , Mondor Guenaelle , Rasplus Jean‐Yves 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe isolated eight microsatellite loci in the black grouse (Tetraonidae). Polymorphism ranged from 2 to 15 alleles (48 individuals from the same locality examined). Cross‐specific amplifications suggests that some of these microsatellites may be used in other tetraonids and, to a lesser extent, in some other phylogenetically more distant galliforms.
Isolation of microsatellite markers in the hermaphroditic land snail Arianta arbustorum (Gastropoda)
Authors: Locher R. , Baur B. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFive novel polymorphic microsatellite loci are presented for the simultaneously hermaphroditic land snail Arianta arbustorum. The isolation protocol was adapted from Estoup & Turgeon (see below). Because wild multiple mating with different partners has been observed in this gastropod, the microsatellite loci presented will be an efficient tool for paternity analysis.
Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci from the two endemic genera of Madagascan Boids, Acrantophis and Sanzinia
Authors: Matson Cole W. , Williamson Janet E. , Huebinger Ryan M. , Louis Edward E. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThere are three Boid species endemic to Madagascar, which represent two genera (Acrantophis, Sanzinia). We have characterized 10 microsatellite loci that are polymorphic in all three species. These markers will provide a system to study population segregation, population diversity, gene flow, and many other parameters. This data will be useful in planning and implementing conservation plans for all three of these endangered Boid species.
Polymorphic microsatellites for the study of adults, egg‐masses and hatchlings of five Cerithium species (Gastropoda) from the Mediterranean sea
Authors: Samadi S. , Lambourdière J. , Hébert P. , Boisselier‐Dubayle M. C. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe genus Cerithium is represented in the Mediterranean Sea by several common species that have either planktotrophic or nonplanktotrophic larvae. Planktotrophic taxa are expected to disperse more than nonplanktotrophic taxa. Larval development is thus supposed to affect population structure. A set of six microsatellites was characterized for five Mediterranean Cerithium species. Loci were generally highly polymorphic (up to 30 alleles per locus and observed heterozygosity up to 0.938). These markers were used to genotype adults but also egg‐masses and hatchlings. We now have the opportunity to precisely study the consequences of each stage of the life cycle on population structure.
Dinucleotide microsatellites isolated from the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis
Authors: Sobolewska H. , Beaumont A. R. , Hamilton A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractApproximately 5000 clones from a partial genomic library of Ostrea edulis DNA were screened with (CA)15 and (GA)15 probes. Fifty‐six positive clones were sequenced, with 24 containing a microsatellite sequence. Primers were designed for 14 loci, and the five most reliably amplifying were developed further. Four of these showed high levels of variability and only one locus (HA21) showed a significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg expectations, with an excess of homozygotes. These microsatellite DNA markers will be powerful tools for the study of wild and hatchery stocks of this commercially important species.
Microsatellite loci in Gymnadenia conopsea, the fragrant orchid
Authors: Gustafsson Susanne , Thorén Peter A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSix polymorphic microsatellite loci were found in two genomic libraries (one unenriched and one enriched) constructed using DNA originating from the fragrant orchid, Gymnadenia conopsea. These six microsatellite loci (Gc 17, 29, 42, 49, 51 and 77) showed high levels of variation (HO= 0.65, 0.90, 0.85, 0.75, 0.90 and 0.40, respectively) when 20 individuals from one population of G. conopsea were PCR amplified and separated in 6% PAA gels.
geneloss: a computer program for simulating the effects of population bottlenecks on genetic diversity
Authors: England P. R. , Osler G. H. R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn the absence of tractable theory for predicting how population bottlenecks of longer than one generation reduce allelic diversity, we wrote the program geneloss to simulate the effects of population bottlenecks on genetic variation at highly polymorphic loci such as microsatellites. geneloss describes the heterozygosity and allelic diversity remaining after each iteration and averages the results of up to 3000 iterations. Thirty loci with 30 alleles each can be specified. Bottlenecks of up to 1000 pairs can run for an unlimited number of generations. geneloss will be a useful tool for the study of bottleneck effects and conservation biology.
Characterization of microsatellite loci in the stone loach, Barbatula barbatula L.
Authors: Taylor Martin I. , Blust Ronny , Verheyen Erik 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe report the isolation and characterization of five polymorphic microsatellite loci in the stone loach, Barbatula barbatula (synonyms: Nemacheilus barbatularus, Noemacheilus barbatularus, Orthrias barbatularus), which is widely distributed over Europe excluding most parts of Scandinavia, Italy, Spain, and Scotland, and is threatened in Flanders, Belgium. Two loci are perfect dinucleotide repeats (Bbar4 and Bbar8), two loci are imperfect dinucleotide repeats (Bbar3 and Bbar7) and one locus is a dinucleotide compound repeat (Bbar11). The number of alleles per locus in 19 individuals screened range from five in Bbar3 to 15 in Bbar8.
A set of highly polymorphic microsatellite markers developed for the eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus)
Authors: Zenger K. R. , Cooper D. W. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) has increased in numbers leading to over‐abundant populations in areas of eastern Australia. We have developed nine highly polymorphic microsatellite loci to investigate their population structure and mating systems to manage this species more effectively. These loci show high levels of allelic diversity with the numbers of alleles ranging from 8 to 19 and with observed heterozygosities of 0.750–0.958. Null alleles or allelic dropouts were not detected when comparing animals of known pedigree.
Isolation and variability of polymorphic microsatellite loci in Aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue viruses
Authors: Huber K. , Mousson L. , Rodhain F. , Failloux A.‐B. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe isolated five microsatellite sequences from an enriched‐(CAA)n library of 5000 recombinant clones in Aedes aegypti. Two polymorphic microsatellites from our library and four from other sequence databases were tested: we investigated their polymorphism and Mendelian inheritance in mosquito populations. Our results indicate that trinucleotide repeat markers could be used to differentiate Ae. aegypti populations, making them valuable tools for the study of population genetic structure.
Single‐cell sequencing of dinoflagellate (Dinophyceae) nuclear ribosomal genes
Authors: Ruiz Sebastián C. , O’Ryan C. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractGenetic sequences from dinoflagellates offer valuable information regarding taxonomies, phylogenies and population genetics that generally require the growth of these organisms in culture. We have developed a quick and simple method to obtain small and large subunit ribosomal gene sequences from dinoflagellates using single cells. This method, based on freeze–thaw cell lysis and a simple two‐step polymerase chain reaction, provides template for sequencing in 6–8 h. We have sequenced five dinoflagellate species, including unculturable Dinophysis and Ceratium species, using fresh and frozen samples.
A new primer set for sex identification in the genus Sorex (Soricidae, Insectivora)
Authors: Matsubara K. , Ishibashi Y. , Ohdachi S. , Matsuda Y. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn order to develop a new accurate method for sexing in Sorex species (Soricidae, Insectivora), we synthesized a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer set to amplify a part of Sry HMG box in the long‐clawed shrew, Sorex unguiculatus. When the primers were applied to the samples of known sex, PCR products were successfully obtained for males as a clear, single band on 3% agarose gels after electrophoresis in Sorex unguiculatus and five other Sorex species, but not for females of these six species. Thus, PCR amplification using the primer set may be applicable to discern sex in the six Sorex species.
Characterization of microsatellite loci in village indigobirds Vidua chalybeata and cross‐species amplification in estrildid and ploceid finches
Authors: Sefc K. M. , Payne R. B. , Sorenson M. D. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe characterized 11 microsatellite primer pairs for the village indigobird Vidua chalybeata. The loci were highly polymorphic, with 7–13 alleles per locus. Gene diversity, estimated as expected heterozygosity, ranged from 0.52 to 0.86, and was generally matched by levels of observed heterozygosity (0.49–0.91). Many of these primer pairs amplified polymorphic loci in cross‐species amplification trials with a variety of estrildid and ploceid finches and a sparrow, Passer griseus. These primers will be valuable for genetic analyses of the brood parasitic indigobirds and whydahs (genus Vidua) as well as other Old World finches.
Polymorphic microsatellite markers in the spider Pholcus phalangioides isolated from a library enriched for CA repeats
Authors: Rütten K. B. , Schulz I. , Olek K. , Uhl G. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractUnravelling the factors that determine mating success in natural populations is highly important to the understanding of evolution of mating systems. To this aim, microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from Pholcus phalangioides, a cosmopolitan spider. We modified a highly efficient enrichment procedure (Fischer & Bachman see below) which has several advantages compared to conventional methods. Fourteen polymorphic microsatellite loci are presented. The number of alleles per locus in 11–27 individuals screened range from 3 to 11. These are the first microsatellite loci reported from a spider.
lea (likelihood‐based estimation of admixture): a program to estimate simultaneously admixture and time since the admixture event
Authors: Langella O. , Chikhi L. , Beaumont M.A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe consider an admixture event, T generations in the past, where two ‘parental’ populations, P1 and P2, of size N1 and N2, contribute different proportions into the gene pool of an admixed population, H of size Nh. lea (likelihood‐based estimator of admixture) is a program which allows the user to obtain the posterior distribution of the parameters of the model. This includes p1, the contribution of P1, and t1, t2 and th, the time since the admixture event (scaled by the population size) for the three populations. lea allows the user to stop and restart the analyses at any time.
Characterization of microsatellites in the fungal plant pathogen, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Sirjusingh Caroline , Kohn Linda M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractTwenty‐five primers produced unambiguous amplification products of 23 microsatellite‐containing loci and two microsatellite‐like polymorphic loci, with 2–10 alleles at each locus in the plant pathogenic fungus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Haplotypes are polymorphic among individuals sharing the same DNA fingerprint and DNA sequence haplotype, facilitating epidemiological monitoring worldwide. Fourteen of these primers also successfully amplified the closely related S. trifoliorum and S. minor.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the marine gastropod Nucella lapillus
Authors: Kawai K. , Hughes R. N. , Takenaka O. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractOur paper deals the cloning and characterization of microsatellites from Nucella lapillus, and tests cross‐species amplification in a congener and in two species of the confamilial genus Thais. Fourteen of 31 microsatellite loci tested were polymorphic, with 4–9 (mean 5.93) alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosity per locus varied from 0.10 to 0.85 (mean 0.37) and expected heterozygosity from 0.48 to 0.85 (mean 0.65). Most primer pairs were successfully amplified in N. freycineti, although only one primer pair was successfully amplified in both species of Thais. The markers are potentially useful for other species of Nucella.
Isolation of microsatellite loci from spotted gum (Corymbia variegata), and cross‐species amplification in Corymbia and Eucalyptus
Authors: Jones M. E. , Stokoe R. L. , Cross M. J. , Scott L. J. , Maguire T. L. , Shepherd M. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract Corymbia variegata (spotted gum) is an important commercial hardwood timber species in Australia. Fourteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from C. variegata, with 3–5 alleles amplified in three individuals examined. Cross‐species amplification in Corymbia was successful for all primer pairs, while 10 loci (71%) were successfully transferred to at least one species in the closely related genus Eucalyptus.
Trinucleotide microsatellite loci for the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha, an invasive species in Europe and North America
Authors: Naish Kerry A. , Boulding Elizabeth G. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe high mutation rate at microsatellite loci can supply important demographic information on founder events and range expansion in an invasive species such as the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha, following its initial introduction. In order to facilitate studies into the colonization patterns of this species in new habitats in Europe and North America, five trinucleotide microsatellite loci were isolated from a partial DNA library. Allelic diversity at all described loci was high, ranging from 20 to 35 alleles per locus. Homologous loci were not amplified in a second related invasive species, Dreisenna bugensis, using the primers developed here.
Isolation and characterization of trinucleotide microsatellites in African malaria mosquito Anopheles funestus
Authors: Sharakhov Igor V. , Braginets Olga , Mbogo Charles N. , Yan Guiyun 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe developed microsatellite markers for an important African malaria mosquito Anopheles funestus Giles. The microsatellite‐enriched genomic library was constructed and screened with single‐strand oligonucleotides [(CCT)17, (AAT)17, (CAG)17 and (GA)25] as probes. Among the 47 pairs of polymerase chain reaction primers screened, 31 produced successful and consistent amplification. Although only a few A. funestus individuals from one geographical location were used to screen microsatellite marker polymorphism, 27 markers were found polymorphic and four markers monomorphic. Most polymorphic markers are trinucleotide markers. Isolation of polymorphic microsatellite markers provide useful tools for A. funestus population genetic studies and genome mapping.
Genetic variation in two populations of the rough‐skinned newt (Taricha granulosa) assessed using novel tetranucleotide microsatellite loci
Authors: Jones Adam G. , Blouin Michael S. , Arnold Stevan J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSeven novel tetranucleotide microsatellite loci were identified from a partial genomic DNA library, enriched for GATA‐motif microsatellites, from the rough‐skinned newt (Taricha granulosa). All loci were polymorphic, and one displayed a high frequency null allele. A related species, T. rivularis, displays strong site fidelity and detectable population structure over small spatial scales, so we assessed genetic variation in two samples of T. granulosa separated by 16 km. Distributions of allele frequencies differ significantly between our two sites, but small values of FST and RhoST suggest that the populations are linked by a large amount of gene flow.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic simple sequence repeat loci in Armillaria ostoyae
Authors: Langrell S. R. H. , Lung‐Escarmant B. , Decroocq S. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA modified hybridization strategy was used to construct a microsatellite enriched library from DNA of Armillaria ostoyae, a serious root pathogen on pine. Sequence characterization of 19 random clones revealed 12 distinct loci harbouring a repetitive motif. Primer design from the flanking regions allowed for their development as polymerase chain reaction based markers. Polymorphic assessment at both the population and global levels revealed levels of variation useful for genetic studies. The level of cross‐species amplification observed with closely related Armillaria species was high, raising the possible exploitation of these primers across the genus.
Development of microsatellite loci in pinto abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana)
Authors: Miller K. M. , Laberee K. , Kaukinen K. H. , Li S. , Withler R. E. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractTwelve novel di‐, tri‐ and tetranucleotide microsatellite loci to the pinto abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) are described. Over 400 individuals were analysed at each microsatellite locus. Observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.44 to 0.93, and numbers of alleles from 20 to 63. Six of the loci contained excesses in homozygosity indicative of inbreeding, nonrandom mating, population admixture, or null alleles.