bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Premarital Sexual Practice and Its Associated Factors Among Dire Dawa University Students, 2022
Authors: Mulgeta Natnael , Hailu Mickiale , Tadesse Daniel , Solomon Milkiyas , Hassen Mawerdi Adem , Umer Abdurezak Adem , Atle Anteneh , Melkamu Netsanet , Yigezu Muluken , Tefera Bereket , Tariku Zerihun , Weldeamaniel Tadesse 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background;In Africa, about 14 % of girls and young women aged 15–24 and 10 % of boys and young men aged 15–24 had sex before the age of 15. Sub- Saharan Africa revealed high and escalating level of premarital sexual activities among adolescents. In Ethiopia, studies showed that the proportion of higher institution students engaging in pre-marital sexual practice reached with range of 42.7% -54.3%. Even though a few academic studies were conducted, there are significant inter- and intra-regional variations on the result and the availability and role of youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services within higher institution has not studied yet.
Objectives: To assess the prevalence of premarital sexual practice and associated factors among Dire Dawa University students, Eastern Ethiopia, 2023.
Methods: Cross-sectional study design was employed and systematic random sampling method was used to select study participants. The total sample size was 632. The data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire then entered into Epi Data version 4.1 and exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were done to identify factors associated with premarital sexual practice and the degree of association were measured by using odds ratio with 95% confidence and significance was be declared at the p-value of< 0.05. The results will be presented in the form of narration, tables and, graphs
Result: A total of 626 participants were included, with a response rate of 99.05%. The prevalence of premarital sexual practice was 216 (34.5%). Staying more than three years [AOR 1.89, 95% CI, (1.3-2.76)], being male [AOR = 2.21, 95% CI (1.53–3.20)], rural residence [AOR = 3.67, 95% CI (2.37–5.75)], and using the internet for non-academic purposes [AOR = 3.21, 95% CI = 1.84, 5.61] never use youth sexual and reproductive health services were seven [AOR = 7.06, 95% CI = 3.74, 13.32] were found to have associations with premarital sexual practice.
Conclusion and recommendation: A significant number of students had started pre-marital sexual activity that might predispose them to varied sexual and reproductive health problems. Hence, sex education & targeted behavioral change interventions are recommended.
PILRA regulates microglial neuroinflammation and lipid metabolism as a candidate therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Monroe Kathryn , Weerakkody Tanya , Sabelström Hanna , Tatarakis David , Suh Jung , Chin Marcus , Andrews Shan , Propson Nicholas , Balasundar Srijana , Davis Sonnet , Yazd Hoda , Kim Do Jin , Theolis Richard , Colmenares Yaneth , Misker Hiwot , Parico Carlo , Guo Jing , Braun Dylan , Ha Connie , Raju Karthik , Sarrafha Lily , Tao Arnold , Chadarevian Jean Paul , Capocchi Joia , Hasselmann Jonathan , Lahian Alina , Tu Christina , Davtyan Hayk , Lewcock Joseph , Paolo Gilbert Di , Blurton-Jones Mathew 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The Alzheimer’s disease (AD) human genetic landscape indicates microglia are an important cell type in the brain that modifies disease risk. A common loss-of-functon(LOF) coding variant in paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor alpha (PILRA) is associated with reduced risk of AD, however the mechanisms underlying this protective effect are poorly defined. Here we identify biological functions of PILRA, an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-containing receptor, in human iPSC-derived microglia and chimeric mice. CRISPR-mediated PILRA knockout (KO) microglia increase ApoE uptake and lipid droplet formation concomitant with reduced proinflammatory lipids and metabolites and increased antioxidant lipids. Despite increased lipid droplets, PILRA KO microglia exhibit improved mitochondrial function, increased lysosomal degradation, enhanced migration, reduced reactive oxygen species, and significantly attenuated cytokine responses to proinflammatory stimuli. In addition, we found PILRA mediates downstream effects via STAT1/3 signaling. Single cell RNA-sequencing of human PILRA KO microglia isolated from AD chimeric mice showed similar biological pathways were regulated in a disease context. Finally, we identify an antagonist PILRA antibody that phenocopies PILRA LOF. Together, these findings define PILRA inhibition as a therapeutic approach to modulate microglial immunometabolism, thus identifying this receptor as a pharmacologically tractable therapeutic target for AD.
Real-world efficiency of combining local interventions with tyrosine kinase inhibitors plus anti- PD-1 blockades in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Xue Zhao-song , Yao Ming , Chen Kang , Huang Tai-yun , Li Jian-jun , Chen Ji-an , Huang Fei , Huang Yu-bin , Cai Xiaoyong , Yan Yihe 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background Combining local interventions with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) plus anti-PD-1 antibodies in a triple therapy has demonstrated remarkable anti-tumor efficacy and facilitated conversion resection in patients with initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the long-term survival outcomes remain largely unexplored.
Methods
This study focused on a cohort of consecutive patients who underwent triple therapy for initially unresectable HCC at the authors' hospital between January 2020 and December 2022. Specifically, patients who exhibited a positive response to triple therapy and fulfilled the criteria for hepatectomy were selected for liver resection. Additionally, investigation assessed association between clinical factors and successful achievement of conversion resection, as well as postoperative recurrence.
Results
The study cohort comprised 79 patients, among whom 20 individuals (25.3%) underwent R0 resection subsequent to the initiation of triple therapy. Notably, patients without extrahepatic disease and those who exhibited a radiographic response to triple therapy were more likely to be eligible for curative resection. Importantly, hepatectomy independently correlated with a favorable overall survival (HR, 0.050; 95% CI, 0.007-0.365; P = 0.003). Other independent risk factors related to overall survival contained extrahepatic metastasis (HR, 2.152; 95% CI, 1.076-4.302; P = 0.030), tumor number ≥4 (HR, 2.058; 95% CI, 1.001-4.234; P = 0.049) and radiological remission (HR, 0.233; 95% CI, 0.071-0.768; P = 0.017). For the 20 patients who underwent surgery, 12-month recurrence-free survival and overall survival rates were respectively 43.3% and 66.6%.
Conclusions
The triple therapy demonstrated favorable prognostic outcomes and manageable safety profiles in patients with initially unresectable HCC.
Recent developments in agar-based optical devices
Authors: Fujiwara Eric , Oku Hiromasa , Cordeiro Cristiano Monteiro de Barros 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Biocompatible optical devices are breakthrough illumination, imaging, and biomedical sensing technologies. Despite the noteworthy developments in silk, cellulose, and hydrogel-based optics, such approaches rely on expensive precursors and intricate fabrication. Therefore, agar extracted from red algae emerges as a promising biodegradable alternative as an edible, low-cost, and renewable material. This paper overviews the state-of-the-art of agar-based optical devices. Firstly, we revisit this phycocolloid’s fundamentals and highlight its appealing mechanical, optical, and electrical characteristics. Subsequently, we summarize the available agar elements, slab waveguides, and optical fibers. Lastly, we discuss their advantages and challenges by envisaging opportunities for future developments and applications.
Web-Based Machine Learning Framework for Authenticating News: A Fake News Detection System
Authors: Rahman Md. Abdur , Rahman Md. Mahbubur , Sumon Md. Hafizur Rahman , Islam Shanta , Hasan Md. Mahamudul , Sakib Md. Shahriar Alam , Ahmmed Md. Moudud , Hasan Hafiz Md. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Today fake news is curse for the society. Fake news has a bad impact on every human life. Disinformation is being spread more and more via fake news, which manipulates people's perceptions and knowledge to affect their awareness and judgment. Social media are mainly responsible for propagating fake news. Misinformation disseminated through digital platforms creates not only confusion but also cultivates biased perspectives among individuals. To prevent the problematic effects of falsified information we have to identify it first more quickly. This paper suggests the implementation of a supervised machine learning system designed to identify fake news through website analysis in this research, TF-IDF Vectorizer model is utilized for features extraction and thirteen models such as Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), Bernoulli Naïve Bayes (BNB), Multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Linear Support Vector Classifier (LSVC), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), XGBoost (XB), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Extra Trees (ET), AdaBoost (AB), Gradient Boosting (GB) classifier are used to classifier fake news. The proposed approach used about 20,800 groups of data to test the suggested framework on a significant number of articles published through Kaggle. The recommended Linear Support Vector Classifier model outperforms the other twelve techniques, according to numerous approaches on this dataset. LSVC algorithm gives the highest 99.38% accuracy to classifier the fake news from monolingual text dataset.
Temporal dynamics of water level and water sources analyses of karst tidal springs in Guilin, China
Authors: Ma Jie , Zhu Shilong , Wei Xiaomei , Guo Yongli , Cao Jianhua , Huang Fen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The hydrological dynamics and sources of karst tidal springs are difficult to capture and quantify due to fluctuations in their flow velocity. In this study, the Laolongshui (LLS) karst tidal spring in the Maocun underground river basin of Guilin City was taken as an example, with a 2-year continuous monitoring of the electrical conductivity, and water level, as well as water chemical analysis. The results showed the following: (1) discovered the variation pattern of LLS water level in different seasons, the water level fluctuates regularly on a daily scale, with a rise and fall time of 43.6 min after heavy rainfall in the rainy season, while in the dry season, it lasts for about 74–80 h. (2) Four peaks were extracted from the frequency distribution of electrical conductivity, representing the response of springwater under different rainfall conditions. (3) The annual average frequencies of the occurrence of P1, P2, P3, and P4 in terms of time are 53.82, 39.29, 6.18, and 0.72%, respectively. The results provide a new method for analyzing groundwater's source and dynamic changes in karst areas.
Daily lake-level time series spectral analysis using EMD, VMD, EWT, and EFD
Authors: Alizadeh Farhad , Roushangar Kiyoumars 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the dynamics of daily Urmia Lake level (ULL) changes using spectral analysis tools to discover fluctuating patterns in the ULL series. Therefore, in the present research, the empirical mode decomposition (EMD), variational mode decomposition (VMD), empirical wavelet transform (EWT), and empirical Fourier decomposition (EFD) were used to analyze the ULL signal. ULL series were decomposed into subseries, and the optimized outcome was used. All methods concluded that the ULL series has a steep downward trend. Signal reconstruction was performed, and it was inferred that EFD could not estimate the ULL series appropriately and had root-mean-square error (RMSE) = 12.26. Different from EFD, other methods performed better signal construction according to RMSE and error analysis. The mode-mixing issue was the last step in verifying the capabilities of signal-analyzing methods. Based on the power spectral density (PSD), it was seen that EMDs had mode-mixing problems and limitations in signal decomposition, whereas VMD and EWT did not have these issues. Results demonstrated that the present study has some limitations. Overall, it was concluded that VMD performed better in terms of RMSE, error analysis, reconstruction, mode-mixing problems, and PSD analysis while decomposing and extracting features from the ULL signal.
Beachgoers' responses to beach health advisories
Authors: Jones Jeffery , Aslan Asli , Nazaruk Dziyana , Zeki Sibel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Drawing on responses from 238 beachgoers who have visited a Georgia (U.S. state) beach in the past three years, this study asks respondents about their knowledge of beach water quality monitoring, awareness of beach health advisories, perception of water quality, and expected responses upon learning of a beach's water pollution advisory. Binomial logistic regression finds that the only demographic predictor of respondents who would completely stop visiting a beach with an advisory is whether the respondent is a visitor or resident (year-round or part-time). Nearly 40% of visitors would not come to a beach with an advisory compared to 13.4% of residents. Most respondents report they would continue to visit a beach but would stay out of the water and stop harvesting seafood from the beach's waters. More than a third (36.1%), however, are unaware Georgia regularly monitors beach water for water quality, and 41.2% have never read a beach sign warning of contaminated water or seafood. Alarmingly, just over half view aesthetic factors such as no litter, no odor, and clear water as criteria for defining whether beach water is safe.
Assessing the water quality of River Ganga in Varanasi, India, through WQI, NPI, and multivariate techniques: a comprehensive study
Authors: Singh Gurudatta , Chaudhary Supriya , Gupta Deepak , Kumar Mishra Virendra 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

In the present research water quality from nine different sampling points (S1–S9) from the River Ganga at Varanasi was examined for different water quality parameters, and multivariate statistical analyses were carried out. Subsequently, several indices, such as water quality index and Nemerow pollution index (NPI), were calculated. The results indicated that the Ganga River at Varanasi had high levels of coliform concentrations, altered pH, and elevated dissolved oxygen/biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand values. The weighted arithmetic water quality index values revealed that sites S8, S9, and S2 were the most polluted and unfit for bathing and drinking. Most of the sampling sites have NPI values greater than 1 for several parameters, indicating high levels of pollution. The study revealed that the water quality is poor for bathing and drinking at most of the sites throughout the year. In addition, the upstream water quality assessment revealed that water quality was good compared with the heavily contaminated downstream region. This knowledge can be useful for environmentalists, policymakers, and water resource managers to develop strategic plans to preserve the cultural and aesthetic worth of the Ganga River in the future.
Preoperative and Intraoperative Factors as Predictors for Urological Injuries in Patients with Placenta Accreta Spectrum
Authors: Djusad Suskhan , Dilmy Mohammad Adya Firmansha , Pratama Rendy Adhitya , Purwosunu Yuditiya , Saroyo Yudianto Budi , Fadhly Raden Muhammad Ali 
Published: February 2024

Introduction/Background:
Placenta accreta is an abnormal total or partial invasion of
the trophoblast to the myometrium of the uterus, with a prevalence of 1 in 1000 births globally in
2018. Surgical treatment of PAS is known to have a high risk of urological injury. No study reports
preoperative and intraoperative factors related to urological injury, especially in Indonesia.

Method:
A case-control study was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Indonesia.
Data were obtained through medical records dated from January 2012 to December 2020. Pregnant
women with PAS treated with surgical management were recruited. The selection of the case group
consists of participants with urological injuries, while the control group involves participants with
no urological injuries. The case and control groups were matched according to the general characteristics with a ratio of 1:1.

Results:
Significant differences between groups were found in preoperative factors (history of urological symptoms, USG examination) and intraoperative factors (blood loss, multidisciplinary team,
percreta placental invasion). Multivariate analysis showed an association between the history of
urological symptoms and intraoperative bleeding to urological injury.

Conclusion:
Preoperative factors such as ultrasonography examination and history of urological
symptoms, along with intraoperative factors such as blood loss, multidisciplinary team, and degree
of the placental invasion, were associated with urological injury in surgically treated PAS
The Assessment of the Influence of Soil Type on the Nonlinear Seismic Response of a Corroded Reinforced Concrete Portal Frame
Authors: Idhamou Lahoucine , Mansouri Mohamed , Lakhouili Abdallah 
Published: February 2024

Background
Most researchers have focused on the effect of rebar corrosion on the seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) columns. On the other hand, the influence of chloride corrosion of reinforced concrete in combination with soil type on the seismic behaviour of RC columns has not been investigated.

Objective
This paper investigates the influence of soil characteristics on the seismic vulnerability of reinforced concrete structures. The case study in focus is a reinforced concrete portal frame with columns exhibiting corrosion at ground level.

Methods
Chloride ingress initiates corrosion and reduces the cross-sectional area of the corroded concrete steel. In addition, this research considers two different soil types, namely rocky and loose, as relevant factors in the analysis. Firstly, the seismic loads are determined according to the Moroccan seismic building code RPS2011. Then, the evaluation of the evolution of the diameter of corroded bars due to chloride induced corrosion is investigated. Finally, pushover analysis is used to determine the location of the performance point on the capacity curve.

Results
The study also includes an investigation of the ductility characteristics of corroded reinforced concrete structures and the inter-storey displacement in different soil conditions. The results show that the inter-storey displacement decreases with increasing age of the structure. In addition, it is observed that the base shear force and roof displacement at the point of failure are more sensitive in loose soils compared to rocky soils.

Conclusion
The results indicate that consideration of soil type can significantly alter the expected seismic performance, resulting in higher vulnerability values.
People's Knowledge and Opinions about getting Dental Implants with other Conventional Treatment Modalities in Herat City Habitats, Afghanistan
Authors: Efan Ozair , Mahmoody Hakima 
Published: February 2024

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the people's understanding, expectations, and knowledge of dental implants compared with other treatment modalities as a treatment option for replacing missing teeth among a selected sample of Herat urban habitats in Herat City, Afghanistan.

Materials and Methods
This descriptive cross-sectional study was done on a randomly selected 420 Heart City habitats from all 15 districts over one month, from May to June 2022, to assess the knowledge and opinion of Herat City habitats toward dental implants as an option for replacing missing teeth. An organized questionnaire collected the data with open questions, a direct interview, and the introduction and demonstration of a short animation about the dental implant procedure. The data were categorized by similar answers, interred, and analyzed with IBM-SPSS version 25.

Results
Among the 420 participants in this study, 67.9% of respondents had heard about dental implants, and 28.6% had information about dental implant and surgical procedure. Among all participants, 59% preferred dental implants for their missing teeth replacement, and 3.8% had received dental implants before. Education significantly influenced the information about surgical procedures of dental implants (p < 0.05), knowledge about dental implants (p < 0.05), and priority of dental implants for missing teeth replacement (p < 0.05). According to the source of information, most of them got information from medical staff and their family and friends. Other sources of information are dedicated to television, cyberspace, and advertisements.

Conclusion
The survey concluded that there was an unacceptable level of awareness regarding using dental implants as a treatment option for replacing missing teeth. Medical staff, family, and friends are the main sources of information. The level of education has an essential role in knowledge and awareness about dental implants.
Factors Influencing the Decision Process within Seeking Orthodontic Care among the Saudi Population: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Alharbi Raghad , Taju Waleed 
Published: February 2024

Aims & Background
Orthodontic treatment is the first choice for the treatment of many different types of malocclusions, and patients’ decision processes while seeking orthodontic treatment are multifactorial. The aim of the present study is to assess these factors influencing the decision process regarding the public and orthodontic treatment for themselves or for their children, as well as the factors influencing the selection of an orthodontist versus a general dentist in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods
A survey-based questionnaire was distributed through social media accounts that included questions about demographic data, reasons for seeking orthodontic care, barriers to care, and sources of information that may influence the decisions regarding the choice of orthodontic treatment for the participants and their children.

Results
The final sample included 320 responses from eligible participants (181 men & 139 women with a mean age of 39.98). ‘Family dentist recommendation’ was the most important reason for participants to seek out orthodontic treatment for themselves or a child while finding a caregiver who can handle complications and the availability of appointments were the most important barriers in seeking orthodontic treatment. Participants also assumed an orthodontist would be more reliable in finishing the treatment in the expected duration, yet they expected that treatment with a general dentist would be less costly and more convenient.

Conclusion
A referral from the family dentist has the most impactful influence on seeking orthodontic care. People are keen to have their treatment done by an orthodontist, but the major barrier in seeking orthodontic care is finding a suitable candidate. Parents prioritize orthodontic treatment for their children more than for themselves.