bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors regulating brown trout populations in two French rivers: application of a dynamic population model
Authors: Gouraud V. , Baglinière J.L. , Baran P. , Sabaton C. , Lim P. , Ombredane D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA dynamic population model was developed to study the impact of biotic and abiotic environmental factors on changes in trout populations. The model is based on the Leslie Matrix and simulates population change by age class in terms of biological parameters (i.e. fish survival, fertility, growth rates), which are dependent on environmental conditions. Changes in physical habitat, expressed as Weighted Usable Area, cause displacement of fish and increased mortality. Calculations were made at 1‐month intervals to account for the effect of climatic variations on the population.The model was used to analyze the dynamics of two trout populations, quite different in terms of their biological characteristics: one in Lower Normandy in the Oir watershed and the other in the Pyrenees Mountains in the Neste d'Oueil watershed. Application of the model to those populations revealed two types of stabilizing mechanisms. The first was a capacity for population restoration, which is well‐represented by the model through the phenomenon of density‐dependent mortality in the first months of life. The second was adjustment of the adult population to the carrying capacity of the environment.The two applications demonstrate the utility of this type of model for understanding and simulating the dynamics of different cohorts of a population. Coupling habitat models and dynamic population models facilitates the identification of key periods during which carrying capacity—related to the hydrology—becomes a limiting factor for fish. This brings new perspectives to water management and may facilitate analysis of instream flow requirements related to water development projects, such as hydropower plants. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The importance of different scale processes for the restoration of floodplain woodlands
Authors: Hughes F.M.R. , Adams W.M. , Muller E. , Nilsson C. , Richards K.S. , Barsoum N. , Decamps H. , Foussadier R. , Girel J. , Guilloy H. , Hayes A. , Johansson M. , Lambs L. , Pautou G. , Peiry J.‐L. , Perrow M. , Vautier F. , Winfield M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe restoration of floodplain woodlands demands an understanding of the linkages between process, form and past management history at both a local and catchment scale. Site and reach scale processes that influence the species composition of floodplain woodland species are described with a particular focus on the relationships between hydrological and sediment inputs to floodplains and the regeneration response by tree species. The importance of integrating natural science knowledge gained at the site reach scale with decisions taken at the catchment scale on water allocation priorities is then discussed.Research was carried out on the River Öre in Sweden, The River Ouse in the United Kingdom and the River Isère and River Garonne in France. Research results at the site and reach scale allow broad definition of ideal conditions for the regeneration and growth of floodplain tree species and the flows that provide them: (1) channel movement has to occur for the creation of sedimentation sites required for the regeneration of early successional species and the flows that provide them; (2) flooding events should occur periodically to cause both channel movement and recharge floodplain water tables; (3) water table decline rates following a flood event must be slow enough that seedling roots can maintain contact with the retreating water front; (4) unseasonal flood events can cause high mortality of seedlings and prevent successful regeneration in any season. Some of the requirements for the restoration of floodplain woodlands can be delivered through site and reach scale restoration projects with reasonably predictable ecological outcomes. A more holistic approach to the provision of regeneration sites for floodplain woodlands would also include water allocation decisions targeted at providing flow conditions which could restore geomorphological processes. However, it is difficult to predict ecosystem responses to catchment scale flow allocation measures and, therefore, in the intensively managed river corridors of Western Europe, river restoration initiatives tend to be restricted to the site and reach scale. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scales of hydroecological variability within a groundwater‐dominated stream
Authors: Wood P.J. , Hannah D.M. , Agnew M.D. , Petts G.E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper aims to show how hydrological, ecological and climatological data may be analysed to assess the temporal and spatial scales at which hydroclimatological variables influence instream ecology. A groundwater‐dominated chalk stream (Little Stour River, Kent, UK), for which ecological data are available over 6 years (1992–1997), provides the focus for the testing and application of these techniques. Correlation and regression analyses are undertaken to highlight the dominant hydroclimatological factors influencing community abundance at a range of spatial scales encompassing: the entire river, upstream and downstream sectors, habitat type (riffle) and individual riffle sites. To set these results in a longer‐term context, temporal sequencing of annual air temperature and discharge regimes is undertaken (based upon 30 years of data, 1969–1999). A classification of annual discharge hydrograph ‘shape’ and ‘magnitude’ identifies years with early, intermediate or late peaks, which may be assigned into three magnitude groups. Four annual air temperature ‘magnitude’ classes are apparent. The regime analysis clearly reveals inter‐annual variability in both these key physical habitat parameters. Analysis of variance indicates a significant difference in macroinvertebrate community abundance for the hydrograph ‘shape’, ‘magnitude’ and combined classes identified at all scales of analysis, although the influence of air temperature only varied significantly between riffle sites. The techniques used may be easily adapted to water resource management. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Revisiting the serial discontinuity concept
Authors: Stanford Jack A. , Ward J.V. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe revisit the serial discontinuity concept (SDC), which predicts river ecosystem responses to stream regulation in the context of recovery with distance downstream from the dam (discontinuity distance). Many studies have described pervasive interruptions of natural biophysical gradients of dams by comparing conditions in tailwaters to reference or pre‐impoundment conditions. But only a few studies provide data or interpretations that explicitly test the SDC within entire stream corridors or along specifically defined reaches where recovery was expected in view of the predictions of the SDC. We present discontinuity distance measures for nine rivers around the world where the predictions of the SDC were substantiated. In two cases, recovery trajectories were overwhelmed by other human sources of disturbance. In one case, the SDC did not hold up, but only biotic measures were made. We conclude that, in general, the SDC is a sound construct that in most cases can be used to predict, or at least clearly articulate, the consequences of new regulation. The next step is to develop better empirical models of the SDC and to validate them experimentally through re‐regulation of entire river corridors. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Annual dynamics of the fish stock in a backwater of the River Dyje
Authors: Lusk Stanislav , Halačka Karel , Lusková Vĕra , Horák Václav 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCanalization of the lower reaches of the River Dyje included the isolation of its meanders. One of these meander lakes remained connected at its downstream end with the River Dyje at river kilometre (r. km) 4.44. The meander lake was 500 m long, with a width varying from 30 to 50 m, and a surface area of 1.2–2.0 ha depending on the water level in the river. In 1997–1999 we studied the temporal changes in the species composition of the fish stock, using gill nets and electrofishing. We found 38 fish species in the backwater under study. Cyprinid fishes were most common, especially Rutilus rutilus, Alburnus alburnus, Abramis brama, A. ballerus, Blicca bjoerkna, Carassius auratus. We also caught rare species such as Abramis sapa, Pelecus cultratus and Gymnocephalus schraetser, or species new to the Czech Republic, Sander volgense, Gymnocephalus baloni and Proterorhinus marmoratus. In addition to the cyprinid species mentioned above, we also found Esox lucius, Sander lucioperca, Perca fluviatilis and Gymnocephalus cernuus spawning in the backwater. There was also a permanent population of Cobitis elongatoides. The fish stock in the backwater was highly variable. Species diversity, size structure and abundance varied over the course of the year. It was markedly affected by the water discharge in the River Dyje. The results obtained document the importance of river backwaters for the fish communities inhabiting the river channel. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Man‐made secondary channels along the River Rhine (The Netherlands); results of post‐project monitoring
Authors: Simons Jennie H.E.J. , Bakker Corian , Schropp Max H.I. , Jans Luc H. , Kok Frank R. , Grift Rob E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractOwing to river regulations in the past and intensive farming, the ecological value of the floodplains of the River Rhine in The Netherlands has decreased dramatically. One way to restore riverine biotopes is to create permanently flowing channels in the floodplain. Along the River Waal, the main branch of the Lower River Rhine, two such secondary channels have been created since 1994. A post‐project monitoring programme of 5 years was set up, which included hydrological, morphological and ecological parameters. This article focuses on the monitoring of aquatic macrophytes, aquatic macroinvertebrates, fish and wading‐birds.The results show that man‐made, excavated secondary channels function as a biotope for riverine species including the more demanding rheophilic species. The demands for shipping and protection against flooding on the River Waal cause constraints on secondary channels. Despite these constraints there is still enough space for hydromorphological processes to create new habitats in secondary channel 1, near Opijnen. The space for hydromorphological processes is less in secondary channel 2, near Beneden‐Leeuwen. The density and the number of (rheophilic) species are for a large part influenced by the water level and frequent inundation caused by the high hydrological connectivity. Man‐made secondary channels seem to provide suitable habitat that is currently lacking for a broad range of rheophilic macroinvertebrate and fish species in the Lower River Rhine in The Netherlands. Owing to the lack of suitable habitats for rheophilic macroinvertebrate and fish species before the creation of the secondary channels, the importance of longitudinal and transversal migration could be illustrated by the drift of macroinvertebrates during floods and the seasonal migration of Age‐0 and Age‐1+ fish species. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concentration of vertex degrees in a scale‐free random graph process
Authors: Szymański Jerzy 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe web may be viewed as a directed graph each of whose vertices is a static HTML Web page, and each of whose edges corresponds to a hyperlink from one Web page to another. In this paper we study the model of random graph (i.e., scale‐free random graph process) introduced by Barabási and Albert and formalized by Bollobás, Riordan, Spencer, and Tusnády, which obey two properties known as power laws for vertex degrees and “small‐world phenomenon.” In the paper we give some exact formulas and fair estimations for expectations of the number of vertices of given degree and the degree of given vertex. Moreover, based on Hájek‐Rényi inequality we give the rate of concentration of the number of vertices of given degree. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2005
Municipalities and industrial ecology: reconsidering municipal environmental management
Authors: Burström Fredrik , Korhonen Jouni 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn order for society to secure a healthy environment and reach sustainability, there is a need for reconsideration of municipal environmental management (MEM). Among other things, the potential roles of a municipality in regionally oriented environmental management and development planning have to be further analysed. In this paper, MEM is confronted with the concept of industrial ecology (IE). In particular, the role of a municipality in developing regional industrial ecology, and, vice versa, the role of regional industrial ecology in developing MEM, will be reflected upon. It is argued that a municipality, serving as aninstitutional anchor tenant, may provide the regional IE effort with the needed institutional support. In return, regional IE seems to have the potential to provide a basis for increased co‐operation between public and private actors of a region as well as integration of regional environmental and development issues. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Phenytoin differentially modulates the affinity of agonist and antagonist ligands for σ1 receptors of guinea pig brain
Authors: Cobos Enrique J. , Baeyens José M. , Del Pozo Esperanza 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of phenytoin (DPH) on the affinity for sigma‐1 (σ1) receptors of agonist or antagonist σ1 ligands in guinea pig brain. Heterologous competition experiments showed that DPH (250 μM and 1 mM) concentration‐dependently increased the affinity of the σ1 agonists dextromethorphan, (+)‐SKF‐10,047, (+)‐3‐PPP, and PRE‐084. However, neither DPH 250 μM nor 1 mM increased (in fact, they slightly decreased) the affinity of the σ1 receptor antagonists haloperidol, BD 1063, NE‐100, progesterone, and BD 1047. These findings suggest that allosteric modulation by DPH of the affinity of σ1 receptor ligands depends on the agonist or antagonist characteristics of the ligand. Therefore, determining in vitro the differential modulation by DPH of σ1 ligand affinity appears to constitute a procedure that can predict the pharmacological profile of different σ1 ligands. Synapse 55:192–195, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nicotine stimulates dendritic arborization in motor cortex and improves concurrent motor skill but impairs subsequent motor learning
Authors: Gonzalez Claudia L.R. , Gharbawie Omar A. , Whishaw Ian Q. , Kolb Bryan 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe effect of the premature commitment of neurons to exuberant growth by nicotine on concurrent and subsequent learning is unknown and was the focus of the present study. Animals were trained on a tray reaching for food task (where lots of pieces of chicken feed were available) for 3 weeks before they received two daily injections of nicotine (0.3 mg/kg) or 0.9% saline for 12 days. Measures of tray‐reaching performance were obtained before the administration of nicotine and every other week for a total of 7 weeks. Starting on week 8, animals were given a novel motor skill problem that required them to learn to use a forepaw to reach through a slot in a cage for single food pellets located on an external shelf. Pyramidal cells in the forelimb area of both hemispheres were then examined for dendritic length and branching using a Golgi‐Cox procedure. Animals treated with saline displayed excellent performance in both reaching tasks and an increase in neuronal branching in Layer V pyramidal cells in the motor cortex contralateral to the reaching paw. In contrast, animals treated with nicotine showed bilateral increases in neuronal branching. Behavioral results showed that nicotine improved forelimb use in the concurrently administered tray‐reaching task, but severely degraded quantitative and qualitative scores of skilled forelimb use in the subsequently administered single‐pellet reaching task. The results suggest that plasticity coincidence with skilled training is essential to skilled motor learning, but this expenditure can impair subsequent learning. Synapse 55:183–191, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance‐driven muscle‐based facial animation
Authors: Choe Byoungwon , Lee Hanook , Ko Hyeong‐Seok 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe describe a system to synthesize facial expressions by editing captured performances. For this purpose, we use the actuation of expression muscles to control facial expressions. We note that there have been numerous algorithms already developed for editing gross body motion. While the joint angle has direct effect on the configuration of the gross body, the muscle actuation has to go through a complicated mechanism to produce facial expressions. Therefore,we devote a significant part of this paper to establishing the relationship between muscle actuation and facial surface deformation. We model the skin surface using the finite element method to simulate the deformation caused by expression muscles. Then, we implement the inverse relationship, muscle actuation parameter estimation, to find the muscle actuation values from the trajectories of the markers on the performer's face. Once the forward and inverse relationships are established, retargeting or editing a performance becomes an easy job. We apply the original performance data to different facial models with equivalent muscle structures, to produce similar expressions. We also produce novel expressions by deforming the original data curves of muscle actuation to satisfy the key‐frame constraints imposed by animators.Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Animating radiosity environments through the Multi‐Frame Lighting Method
Authors: Besuievsky Gonzalo , Pueyo Xavier 
Published: January 2005

AbstractRealistic rendering animation is known to be an expensive processing task when physically based global illumination methods are used in order to improve illumination details. This paper presents the Multi‐Frame Lighting Method, an efficient algorithm to compute animations in radiosity environments. The method, based on global Monte Carlo techniques, performs the lighting simulation of groups of consecutive frames in a single process. All frames computed have the same accuracy as if they were computed independently while a significant high speed‐up is achieved. Results show that the method it is an interesting alternative for computing non‐interactive radiosity animations for moderately complex scenarios. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &Sons, Ltd.
Multilayer garments using isosurfaces and physics
Authors: Rudomín Isaac , Pérez‐Urbiola Roberto , Elena Melón Maria , Luis Castillo Jose 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis article extends our previously published technique that allows several layers of clothing to be placed and animated over an articulated character by using implicit ellipsoidal muscles to generate a scalar field and placing each layer of clothing on a separate isosurface, thereby avoiding the use of any collision detection calculations between the different layers. The method is first extended to a class of characters that include a surface skin generated by a commercial animation package. A second extension combines isosurface placement with physically based methods. These extensions afford increased realism while retaining the performance obtained by using isosurfaces. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulations of photon transport inside a beam guide
Authors: Sánchez Héctor Jorge , Valentinuzzi María Cecilia 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper presents a mathematical model based on actual experimental parameters to study the behavior of beam guides for TXRF under different conditions. The model is based on numerical simulation of photon transport inside beam guides. A brief description of these devices is given and the mathematical model for simulation is explained. Different kinds of beam guides in several configurations are analyzed and the intensity of the transmitted photons is studied as a function of several experimental parameters. By means of this model, the working principles of beam guides and their range of application could be studied, showing that they are suitable tools for XRF experiments. The calculations show a uniform distribution of photons on the sample area, a wide range of incident angles for operation, a good level of excitation in total reflection conditions and other relevant results. Finally, a comparison of the calculated values with preliminary experimental results is presented. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How do deer affect tree seedlings on a dwarf bamboo‐dominated forest floor?
Authors: Itô Hiroki , Hino Teruaki 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA field experiment was conducted in Mt. Ôdaigahara, west‐central Japan, to reveal the effects of two herbivores, Sika deer (Cervus nippon) and mice (Apodemus spp.), on the seedlings of five cohorts of three tree species, Abies homolepis, Fraxinus lanuginosa f. serrata and Fagus crenata. The forest floor of the study site was covered with dwarf bamboo, Sasa nipponica, which would also affect the seedlings. Eight combinations of three treatments were set: exclusion of deer, exclusion of mice and removal of dwarf bamboo. Deer were expected to affect the seedlings not only negatively by foraging but also positively by browsing dwarf bamboo that overshadows seedlings. The survival of these cohorts was analyzed by survival analysis and the differences in their survival between the treatments were investigated. The results of the experiment showed that: (1) exclusion of deer increased the aboveground biomass of dwarf bamboo and made it more difficult for seedlings to survive under the regenerated dwarf bamboo stand, and (2) deer negatively affected the seedlings, but they had positive, indirect effects in some cohorts by decreasing the aboveground biomass of dwarf bamboo. However, such effects were not detected in some cohorts which were affected excessively by deer or dwarf bamboo. No clear results on the effect of mice on seedlings were obtained. We conclude that a positive, indirect effect of deer on seedling survivorship would be observable when the magnitude of a positive, indirect effect caused by decreasing dwarf bamboo is larger than that of a negative, direct effect of deer.
Isolation and the stress of being bullied
Authors: Newman Matthew L. , Holden George W. , Delville Yvon 
Published: January 2005

AbstractApproximately one‐third of children report being victims of bullying, and this victimization has been linked to a number of negative psychological outcomes. In the present study, we examined the effects of perceived isolation on the link between victimization before and during high school and stress symptoms during college. Consistent with our predictions, victimization appears to do the most damage to those who felt isolated during high school. These results suggest that schools should reframe their approach to the bullying problem, and devote more resources to helping students feel less isolated.
Effects of a small‐scale, very short‐term service‐learning experience on college students
Authors: Reed Virginia A. , Christian Jernstedt G. , Hawley Jill K. , Reber Emily S. , DuBois Courtney A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis study examined the effects of a small‐scale, very short‐term (8–10 h) service‐learning experience on college undergraduates. Repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that students participating in this experience reported maintenance of their sense of social responsibility, an increased sense of the meaningfulness of college, and an increased likelihood of choosing a service‐related occupation, when compared to non‐participating matched counterparts. These findings provide support for the notion that minimally resource‐intensive service‐learning programs can provide students with some of the benefits of service‐learning that have been identified in longer, more intensive experiences.