bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexing river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis L.), sheep (Ovis aries L.), goat (Capra hircus L.), and cattle spermatozoa by double color FISH using bovine (Bos taurus L.) X‐ and Y‐painting probes
Authors: Di Berardino Dino , Vozdova Miluse , Kubickova Svatava , Cernohorska Halina , Coppola Giuseppe , Coppola Gianfranco , Enne Giuseppe , Rubes Jiri 
Published: December 2003

AbstractRiver buffalo, sheep, and goat spermatozoa were cross‐hybridized using double color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with bovine Xcen‐ and Y‐chromosome painting probes, prepared by DOP‐PCR of laser‐microdissected‐catapulted chromosomes, to investigate the possibility of using bovine probes for sexing sperm of other members of the family Bovidae. Before sperm analysis, the probes were hybridized on metaphase chromosomes of each species, as control. Frozen‐thawed spermatozoa of cattle, river buffalo, sheep, and goat were decondensed in suspension with 5 mM DTT. Sperm samples obtained from three individuals of each species were investigated, more than 1,000 spermatozoa were scored in each animal. FISH analysis of more than 12,000 sperm revealed high level of sperm with X‐ or Y‐signals in all of the species investigated, indicating FISH efficiency over 99%. Significant interspecific differences were detected in the frequency of aberrant spermatozoa (aneuploid and diploid) between goat (0.393%) and sheep (0.033%) (P < 0.01), goat and cattle (0.096%) (P < 0.5), as well as between river buffalo (0.224%) and sheep (P < 0.5). There was no significant difference between river buffalo and cattle. The present study demonstrated that it is possible to use bovine X‐Y painting probes for sexing and analyzing sperm of other species of the family, thus facilitating future studies on the incidence of chromosome abnormalities in sperm as well as on sex predetermination of embryos for the livestock industry. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 67: 108–115, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic testing for hearing loss in infants and young children
Authors: Widen Judith E. , Keener Sandra K. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAn early, reliable diagnosis and description of hearing loss is essential in determining appropriate treatment to minimize potential developmental delays attributed to the loss. Objective assessment of auditory function is possible shortly after birth. Both objective and subjective measures of auditory status are used in a test battery approach to determine the type, degree, and configuration of the hearing loss. This paper reviews the diagnostic test procedures used to define the hearing capability of infants and young children. For the youngest infants electrophysiologic tests, primarily auditory evoked potentials, are used to estimate hearing sensitivity. Later behavioral audiometric measures based on operant conditioning techniques become the primary component of the test battery. Diagnostic audiologic assessment is an ongoing process that requires special equipment and expertise when directed to infants and young children. MRDD Research Reviews 2003;9:220–224. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Communication options for children with hearing loss
Authors: Gravel Judith S. , O'Gara Jessica 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis article examines the communication options that are available for use within families of infants and young children who are hard‐of‐hearing or deaf. The need for language development, regardless of the specific communication mode, is stressed. The demands of the current environment of early identification and intervention often put families in a position of needing to decide among communication methods before they are fully knowledgeable and/or emotionally ready. Specific communication options are delineated and considered within a continuum of spoken and visual language. Available research related to early acquisition of language by infants and young children who are hard‐of‐hearing and deaf is reviewed; outcomes, when available, are presented for specific methods from reports of older children. Factors that influence families' decisions regarding the selection of a communication option are highlighted in the context of the existing literature. An ongoing evaluative process that respects the choices of families is advocated; a context in which change(s) in communication mode through childhood is viewed as a positive circumstance. The ultimate goal in the selection of any communication approach is to ensure that infants and young children who are hard of hearing or deaf and their families are language proficient and fluent communicators. MRDD Research Reviews 2003;9:243–251. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automated segmentation and analysis of vascular structures in magnetic resonance angiographic images
Authors: de Koning P.J.H. , Schaap J.A. , Janssen J.P. , Westenberg J.J.M. , van der Geest R.J. , Reiber J.H.C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe accurate assessment of the presence and extent of vascular disease, and planning of vascular interventions based on MRA requires the determination of vessel dimensions. The current standard is based on measuring vessel diameters on maximum intensity projections (MIPs) using calipers. In order to increase the accuracy and reproducibility of the method, automated analysis of the 3D MR data is required. A novel method for automatically determining the trajectory of the vessel of interest, the luminal boundaries, and subsequent the vessel dimensions is presented. The automated segmentation in 3D uses deformable models, combined with knowledge of the acquisition protocol. The trajectory determination was tested on 20 in vivo studies of the abdomen and legs. In 93% the detected trajectory followed the vessel. The luminal boundary detection was validated on contrast‐enhanced (CE) MRA images of five stenotic phantoms. The results from the automated analysis correlated very well with the true diameters of the phantoms used in the in vitro study (r = 0.999, P < 0.001). MRA and x‐ray angiography (XA) of the phantoms also correlated well (r = 0.895, P < 0.001). The average unsigned difference between the MRA and XA measurements was 0.08 ± 0.05 mm. In conclusion, the automated approach allows the accurate assessment of vessel dimensions in MRA images. Magn Reson Med 50:1189–1198, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Out‐and‐in spiral spectroscopic imaging in rat brain at 7 T
Authors: Hiba Bassem , Faure Bérengère , Lamalle Laurent , Décorps Michel , Ziegler Anne 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWith standard spectroscopic imaging, high spatial resolution is achieved at the price of a large number of phase‐encoding steps, leading to long acquisition times. Fast spatial encoding methods reduce the minimum total acquisition time. In this article, a k‐space scanning scheme using a continuous series of growing and shrinking, or “out‐and‐in,” spiral trajectories is implemented and the feasibility of spiral spectroscopic imaging for animal models at high B0 field is demonstrated. This method was applied to rat brain at 7 T. With a voxel size of about 8.7 μl (as calculated from the point‐spread function), a 30 × 30 matrix, and a spectral bandwidth of 11 kHz, the minimum scan time was 9 min 20 sec for a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 7.1 measured on the N‐acetylaspartate peak. Magn Reson Med 50:1127–1133, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contribution of mitochondria to cardiac muscle water/macromolecule proton magnetization transfer
Authors: Ward Kathleen , Schussheim Adam E. , Balaban Robert S. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe contribution of mitochondria to water‐macromolecule proton magnetization transfer (MT) was evaluated in porcine heart tissue. An examination of isolated mitochondria in suspension, at the same concentration as found in heart tissue, revealed MT effects very similar in magnitude and bandwidth to those in intact heart tissue. Disruption of the gross structure of the mitochondria by freeze‐thawing or with detergent resulted in only ∼25% decreases in MT, which suggests that the structure of the mitochondria is not critical for these effects. The current data indicate that mitochondria macromolecules contribute significantly to MT in the intact heart. Magn Reson Med 50:1312–1316, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimized detection of changes in glucose‐6‐phosphate levels in human skeletal muscle by 31P MR spectroscopy
Authors: de Haan Jacco H. , Klomp D.W.J. , Tack C.J. , Heerschap A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAs glucose‐6‐phosphate (G6P) plays a central role in muscle energy metabolism, the possibility to observe changes in the tissue level of this compound in vivo is very relevant. G6P can be detected noninvasively by 31P MR spectroscopy, but its visibility in vivo is severely hampered due to low tissue levels and spectral overlap with other, stronger phosphomonoester signals. To optimize the observation of changes in G6P levels in human calf muscle by 31P MR spectroscopy at 1.5 T, we implemented an approach involving a new RF probe and a postacquisition correction method. An anatomically shaped circularly polarized 31P coil was designed for high intrinsic sensitivity. Together with an additional 1H coil and 1H blocking circuits this allowed the application of NOE and 1H decoupling to further enhance sensitivity. A hyperglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp was used to increase G6P levels. The spectra were corrected for frequency and phase drift due to scanner instability and leg movements using an automated phase and frequency correction method. Difference 31P spectroscopy was applied to detect changes of the G6P signal. The result, in five healthy subjects, demonstrated that the combination of sensitivity optimization with automated drift correction enabled a robust detection of G6P changes in time series experiments down to a resolution of 10 min. Magn Reson Med 50:1302–1306, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of magnetically‐induced E‐fields on cardiac electric activity during MRI: A modeling study
Authors: Liu Feng , Xia Ling , Crozier Stuart 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn modern magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), patients are exposed to strong, time‐varying gradient magnetic fields that may be able to induce electric fields (E‐fields)/currents in tissues approaching the level of physiological significance. In this work we present theoretical investigations into induced E‐fields in the thorax, and evaluate their potential influence on cardiac electric activity under the assumption that the sites of maximum E‐field correspond to the myocardial stimulation threshold (an abnormal circumstance). Whole‐body cylindrical and planar gradient coils were included in the model. The calculations of the induced fields are based on an efficient, quasi‐static, finite‐difference scheme and an anatomically realistic, whole‐body model. The potential for cardiac stimulation was evaluated using an electrical model of the heart. Twelve‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) signals were simulated and inspected for arrhythmias caused by the applied fields for both healthy and diseased hearts. The simulations show that the shape of the thorax and the conductive paths significantly influence induced E‐fields. In healthy patients, these fields are not sufficient to elicit serious arrhythmias with the use of contemporary gradient sets. However, raising the strength and number of repeated switching episodes of gradients, as is certainly possible in local chest gradient sets, could expose patients to increased risk. For patients with cardiac disease, the risk factors are elevated. By the use of this model, the sensitivity of cardiac pathologies, such as abnormal conductive pathways, to the induced fields generated by an MRI sequence can be investigated. Magn Reson Med 50:1180–1188, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantification of bolus‐tracking MRI: Improved characterization of the tissue residue function using Tikhonov regularization
Authors: Calamante Fernando , Gadian David G. , Connelly Alan 
Published: December 2003

AbstractQuantification of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the tissue residue function (R) using bolus‐tracking MRI requires deconvolution of the arterial input function (AIF). Currently, the most commonly used deconvolution method is singular value decomposition (SVD), which has been shown to produce accurate estimations of CBF. However, this method introduces unwanted oscillations in the time course of R, and there are situations in which the actual shape is of interest (e.g., in calculating flow heterogeneity and assessing bolus dispersion). In such cases, the conventional SVD method may no longer be suitable, and an alternative approach may be required. This work describes the implementation of Tikhonov regularization with the L‐curve criterion to quantify CBF and obtain a better characterization of R. The methodology is tested on simulated and patient data, and the results are compared to those found using the conventional SVD approach. Although both methods produce similar CBF values, the deconvolved R shape obtained using SVD is dominated by oscillations and fails to characterize the shape in the presence of dispersion. On the other hand, the use of the proposed regularization method improves the characterization of the tissue residue function. Magn Reson Med 50:1237–1247, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fast 3D imaging using variable‐density spiral trajectories with applications to limb perfusion
Authors: Lee Jin Hyung , Hargreaves Brian A. , Hu Bob S. , Nishimura Dwight G. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractVariable‐density k‐space sampling using a stack‐of‐spirals trajectory is proposed for ultra fast 3D imaging. Since most of the energy of an image is concentrated near the k‐space origin, a variable‐density k‐space sampling method can be used to reduce the sampling density in the outer portion of k‐space. This significantly reduces scan time while introducing only minor aliasing artifacts from the low‐energy, high‐spatial‐frequency components. A stack‐of‐spirals trajectory allows control over the density variations in both the kx–ky plane and the kz direction while fast k‐space coverage is provided by spiral trajectories in the kx–ky plane. A variable‐density stack‐of‐spirals trajectory consists of variable‐density spirals in each kx–ky plane that are located in varying density in the kz direction. Phantom experiments demonstrate that reasonable image quality is preserved with approximately half the scan time. This technique was then applied to first‐pass perfusion imaging of the lower extremities which demands very rapid volume coverage. Using a variable‐density stack‐of‐spirals trajectory, 3D images were acquired at a temporal resolution of 2.8 sec over a large volume with a 2.5 × 2.5 × 8 mm3 spatial resolution. These images were used to resolve the time‐course of muscle intensity following contrast injection. Magn Reson Med 50:1276–1285, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multishot partial‐k‐space EPI for high‐resolution fMRI demonstrated in a rat whisker barrel stimulation model at 3t
Authors: Lu Hanbing , Mazaheri Yousef , Zhang Rongyan , Jesmanowicz Andrzej , Hyde James S. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA multishot partial‐k‐space EPI technique is presented and validated by fMRI at high spatial resolution. High‐resolution phase maps corrected by phase‐encoded reference scans have less off‐resonance effects. Phantom studies demonstrate that this method can substantially improve partial‐k‐space EPI image formation. BOLD fMRI at submillimeter spatial resolution (156 × 156 × 2000 μm3, 0.049 μl) was achieved in a rat whisker barrel stimulation model using this technique. The study included eight rats, five of which were administered an intravascular contrast agent (monocrystalline iron oxide nanocolloid (MION)) after the BOLD experiments. In two rats the highest BOLD responses were in the deep layers (IV–VI), and in six rats the highest responses were on the surface and in the deep cortical layers. Most of the pixels that exhibited high BOLD responses had high blood volume weightings. The benefits of this technique are expected to increase for high‐resolution fMRI at higher magnetic fields, where T is shorter. Magn Reson Med 50:1215–1222, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The second order characteristic condition for plastic flow
Authors: Weir Graham , Young Roger 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn this paper the second order characteristic (discontinuous bifurcation) condition is derived for the granular flow (fully plastic) equations. This second order bifurcation equation is shown to be formally identical to the first order localization requirement during steady elastoplastic deformation provided the elastic compliance tensor is substituted for the product of the plastic multiplier with the flow Hessian. For isotropic yield and flow functions the invariant form of the characteristic condition is given in detail, as well as an alternative expression in adapted co‐ordinates. The characteristic condition can be regarded as defining a hardening function which is maximized to identify the critical angles. When the method is applied to 3D Coulomb flow, Mohr's 3D fracture plane conditions are obtained uniquely. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Baseline physiological state and the fMRI‐BOLD signal response to apnea in anesthetized rats
Authors: Kannurpatti Sridhar S. , Biswal Bharat B. , Hudetz A. G. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractTo decipher the biophysical mechanism behind the fMRI‐BOLD response to apnea and its dependence on the baseline cerebral blood flow and oxygenation, fMRI and laser Doppler flow (LDF) studies were carried out in anesthetized rats. Baseline cerebral blood flow (CBF) and PaO2 were modulated by ventilating with different gas mixtures namely, room air (21% O2), 100% O2, carbogen (95% O2+5% CO2), 2% CO2 in air or 5% CO2 in air, respectively. A decrease in BOLD signal intensity was observed after the onset of apnea with either room air, 2% CO2 or 5% CO2 ventilation. PaO2 and cerebral tissue PO2 decreased during apnea under these conditions. However, the apnea‐induced BOLD signal intensity was unaffected with carbogen ventilation and increased with 100% O2 ventilation, during which PaO2 remained constant and cerebral tissue PO2 increased. When baseline CBF was high during hypercapnia, a faster decrease occurred in the apnea‐induced BOLD signal. Apnea induced the largest increase in CBF of 85±25% when ventilated with 2% CO2 while a 44±8% increase was observed with room air. During the other ventilatory conditions, minimal or no significant change in CBF was observed during apnea. These results show a significant correlation between the BOLD signal change and tissue PO2 in response to apnea under different physiological conditions. Apnea‐induced increase in CBF affects the magnitude of the BOLD signal response when PaO2 remains constant or changes minimally. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absolute eigenvalue diffusion tensor analysis for human brain maturation
Authors: Suzuki Yuji , Matsuzawa Hitoshi , Kwee Ingrid L. , Nakada Tsutomu 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe absolute eigenvalues of the diffusion tensor of white matter in sixteen normal subjects in two groups representing the early developmental stage (ages 1–10 years, n = 8) and young adult stage (ages 18–34 years, n = 8) were assessed using a high‐field (3.0 T) magnetic resonance (MR) system. All three eigenvalues, including the largest eigenvalue, decreased significantly with brain maturation. The rate of the decline in the two small eigenvalues was, however, much higher than that of the largest eigenvalue, resulting in an actual increase in fractional anisotropy, a commonly measured relative index. The data demonstrate that an increase in anisotropy associated with brain maturation represents a significant decline in the small eigenvalue components, rather than an increase in the largest eigenvalue. The observed pattern of eigenvalue changes is best explained by the simultaneous occurrence of two of several independent phenomena within the axonal microenvironment during the myelination process, namely, (1) decline in unrestricted water content in extra‐axonal space, and (2) increase in apparent diffusivity within the axon. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of management on the cost of fire protection
Authors: Donahue Amy K. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAn important and unresolved issue central to the study of government performance is how the actions of managers
and the nature of organizations affect the cost of public services. This paper presents an empirical analysis of
fire departments that estimates the influence of managerial choices on per capita spending within a simultaneous
public production system. It does so by refining a theoretical cost model from the field of public management to
include fundamental dimensions of government organizations and administration. Two‐stage least squares
regression analysis is then employed to examine the fire protection case. The results of the analysis substantiate
the intuition that managerial practices and decisions influence the cost of a public service. They show that the
cost of fire protection depends significantly on the outcomes of a department's fire prevention and suppression
activities, some key aspects of a department's management practices, the configuration of its workforce and
equipment, its legal structure, and factors in its external environment. © 2004 by the Association for Public
Policy Analysis and Management.
Erratum: Integrins in regulation of tissue development and function. J Pathol; 200: 471–480
Authors: Danen Erik HJ , Sonnenberg Arnoud 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Journal of Pathology; 200(4): 471–480.It has been brought to the attention of the publishers that there were errors on pages 476, 477 and 480 of the orginally published manuscript. These errors have now been rectified, and to facilitate greater legibility for our readers, the corrected article has been reproduced in its entirety.Cell adhesion is indispensable for embryonic development and for proper tissue function. In metazoans, integrins are the major adhesion receptors that connect cells to components of the extracellular matrix. Integrins are implicated in assembly of extracellular matrices, cell adhesion and migration on extracellular matrices, and in vertebrates (in which the integrin family has expanded) they can also mediate cell–cell adhesion. Furthermore, integrin‐mediated adhesion can modulate many different signal transduction cascades and support cell survival, proliferation, and influence the expression of differentiation‐related genes. In this review we briefly explain how integrins can affect so many different aspects of cell behavior and discuss evidence for roles of integrins in tissue development, function, and disease. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.