bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanospray analysis of the venom of the tarantula Theraphosa leblondi: a powerful method for direct venom mass fingerprinting and toxin sequencing
Authors: Legros Christian , Célérier Marie‐Louise , Henry Maud , Guette Catherine 
Published: April 2004

AbstractMass spectrometric methods, including matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS), on‐line liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS), and nanospray ionisation/hybrid quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (nanoESI‐QqTOFMS), were applied to characterize by mass fingerprinting the venom of the French Guyanese tarantula Theraphosa leblondi. Of these techniques direct nanoESI‐QqTOFMS, which allowed the detection of 65 protonated molecules with high mass accuracy, appeared to give the best results. Three major peptides, TlTx1, TlTx2 and TlTx3, were sequenced using a combination of nanoESI‐MS/MS and enzyme digestion/MS and MS/MS experiments. Each sequence was confirmed by automated Edman sequencing. In patch‐clamp experiments these peptides were found to have a specific inhibitory effect on the voltage‐dependent potassium channel, Kv4.2. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adolescent lottery and scratchcard players: do their attitudes influence their gambling behaviour?
Authors: Wood Richard T.A , Griffiths Mark D 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis paper examines the link between attitudes and behaviour in relation to adolescent participation on the National Lottery and scratchcards by applying the theory of planned behaviour. A questionnaire constructed by the authors was administered to a sample of 1195 adolescents between the ages of 11 and 15 years (550 male, 641 female, 4 unspecified). In this paper, all data relating to factors associated with adolescent attitudes toward the National Lottery and scratchcards, and the links with any subsequent gambling behaviour, were analysed. Results revealed that young people's attitudes are an accurate predictor of their gambling behaviour on these activities, and that social cognitive theory provides an explanation of how these attitudes may develop. In light of these findings, a number of suggestions are given on how to discourage young people from gambling.
Weapon‐carrying at Swiss schools? A gender‐specific typology in context of victim and offender related violence
Authors: Kuntsche Emmanuel N , Klingemann Harald K.‐H 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAfter reviewing prevalence rates, this work tries to identify gender specific groups in which weapon‐carrying occurs in the context of victim and offender related violent behaviours. k‐Means cluster and logistic regression analyses were calculated, based on a cross‐sectional survey of a national representative sample of 1549 15‐year‐olds as part of the Health Behaviour in School‐Aged Children (HBSC) international collaborative study. The victims and offenders of violence concern mainly female bullies and physically violent boys. In the male victim–offender group, 17% had already taken a weapon to school. Another male group emerged in which 95% had already taken a weapon to school. Members of this group revealed an elevated level of acting violently but a low level of being the victim. Among the minority girls who were offenders and victims of physical violence, everyone has already taken a weapon to school. Based on these results, homogenous risk groups can be targeted for violence prevention.
Deep-ocean predation by a high Arctic cetacean
Authors: Laidre K.L. , Heide-Jørgensen M.P. , Jørgensen O.A. , Treble M.A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA bioenergetic model for two narwhal (Monodon monoceros) sub-populations was developed to quantify daily gross energy requirements and estimate the biomass of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) needed to sustain the sub-populations for their 5-month stay on wintering grounds in Baffin Bay. Whales in two separate wintering grounds were estimated to require 700 tonnes (s.e. 300) and 90 tonnes (s.e. 40) of Greenland halibut per day, assuming a diet of 50% Greenland halibut. Mean densities and length distributions of Greenland halibut inside and outside of the narwhal wintering grounds were correlated with predicted whale predation levels based on diving behavior. The difference in Greenland halibut biomass between an area with high predation and a comparable area without whales, approximately 19 000 tonnes, corresponded well with the predicted biomass removed by the narwhal sub-population on a diet of 50–75% Greenland halibut.
Small-scale distribution of juvenile gadoids in shallow inshore waters; what role does maerl play?
Authors: Kamenos Nicholas A. , Moore P.Geoffrey , Hall-Spencer Jason M. 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
The indirect effects of demersal fisheries, such as habitat degradation, are currently thought to be impacting gadoid stocks. Maerl fulfils nursery area prerequisites for several invertebrate species, so its role in similar ecosystem service provision for gadoids has been addressed. Juvenile cod (Gadus morhua), saithe (Pollachius virens), and pollack (Pollachius pollachius) in shallow (<7 m) inshore waters were surveyed with fykenets and scuba off western Scotland over a period of 12 months. Juvenile densities were highest from September to November, and at that time, significantly more were present during the day and associated with maerl (that lacked macroalgal cover) than with heavily vegetated rocky and gravel substrata. Juvenile cod were present throughout the year, whereas saithe appeared in July, and pollack from September to January. With its abundance of food, maerl probably has a high holding capacity for juvenile gadoids, and thus is an important part of the inshore nursery system.
Matrix metalloproteinase‐9 expression, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase activity, and DNA fragmentation in vascular and cellular invasion into cartilage preceding primary endochondral ossification in long bones
Authors: Takahara Masatoshi , Naruse Takuji , Takagi Michiaki , Orui Hiroshi , Ogino Toshihiko 
Published: April 2004

AbstractVascular and cellular invasion into cartilage are essential for endochondral ossification. Recently it has been shown that matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9)/gelatinase B is a key regulator of growth plate angiogenesis and apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes. To study vascular and cellular invasion into cartilage preceding primary endochondral ossification in long bones, precursor femurs from 13‐ to 16‐day‐old murine embryos were sectioned. Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, in situ hybridization for matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9), immunostaining for CD31, and in situ detection of apoptosis (TUNEL) were studied. TRAP activity, MMP‐9 mRNA, and CD31 expression were initially detected in the intertrabecular spaces of the perichondral collar, and then in cells migrating into the cartilage. The first cells involved in the primary invasion into cartilage were CD31‐positive vascular endothelial cells and MMP‐9‐positive cells, followed by TRAP‐positive cells. At the cartilage‐marrow interface, CD31‐positive vascular endothelial cells and MMP‐9‐positive cells were predominant. These results suggest that MMP‐9‐positive cells cooperate with vascular endothelial cells in cartilage angiogenesis. TUNEL‐positive staining was detected on chondrocytes attached to the inner surface of the perichondral collar, and also detected in the area where cartilage was removed. These results suggest that chondrocytes separated from the cartilage matrix may undergo apoptosis. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Coating of titanium implants with type‐I collagen
Authors: Rammelt Stefan , Schulze Eva , Bernhardt Ricardo , Hanisch Uwe , Scharnweber Dieter , Worch Hartmut , Zwipp Hans , Biewener Achim 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPurpose: Type‐I collagen, the major structural protein in bone, has beneficial properties regarding bone regeneration. Little is known about the potential effects of collagen coating on orthopedic implants.Methods: 3 to 6 μg/cm2 of lyophilized type‐I collagen was absorbed on titanium rods. Six coated and uncoated pins of 0.9 mm diameter were inserted into the tibia of adult male Wistar rats for 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, and 28 days. Specimens were embedded in methacrylate‐based Technovit 9100N resin. From one portion cutting and grinding sections were obtained. The implant was removed from the other half that was depolymerized, sectioned, and mounted for immunohistochemistry.Results: At day 4, the interface around the collagen‐coated implants displayed a granulation tissue with higher numbers of cathepsin D‐positive mononucleated cells compared to the uncoated implants (p <0.05). Active osteoblasts, reactive for osteopontin, were increased around the collagen‐coated pins at day 4 and 7 (p < 0.01). After 28 days of implantation, direct bone contact averaged 74.9% around the collagen‐coated implants and 62.1% around uncoated implants (NS). The amount of newly formed bone averaged 76.3% around the collagen‐coated pins and 67.8% around the uncoated pins (NS). The histomorphometric findings were confirmed by SRμCT in two specimens.Conclusions: The earlier observation of mononuclear phagocytozing cells and the earlier and higher expression of bone‐specific matrix proteins suggest an increased early bone remodeling around titanium pins through collagen coating. A tendency towards increased bone formation was observed around the coated implants. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mental status and pain perception during stressor tests in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Falcone C. , Auguadro C. , Pistorio A. , Catalano O. , Angoli L. , Specchia G. 
Published: April 2004

Asymptomatic myocardial ischaemia is frequently observed in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), both during daily life and during stressor tests. Psychological mechanisms seem to be involved in the lack of pain during myocardial ischaemia. The aim of this study was to verify in a selected population of CAD patients whether mental status might influence the pain perception during different stressor tests.The study population contained 73 male patients (mean age 52±8 years) with stable angina during daily life, reproducible exercise‐induced myocardial ischaemia during ergometric stress test (EST) and angiographically documented CAD. All patients underwent cold pressor test (CPT), mental arithmetic stress test (MST), hyperventilation test (HT) and mental stress in association with cold pressor test (combined test, MST + CPT).During the stressor tests, myocardial ischaemia was induced in 15/73 (21%) patients by CPT, in 18/73 (25%) by MST, in 15/73 (21%) by HT and in 19/73 (26%) by MST + CPT.Out of the patients with stressor test‐induced myocardial ischaemia, silent ischaemia was observed in 43/73 (59%) during EST, in 10/15 (67%) during CPT, in 16/18 (89%) during MST, in 7/15 (47%) during HT and in all patients during MST + CPT (100%).Among the ischaemic symptomatic patients during stressor tests, the lowest anginal pain intensity was experienced during MST (4.0±2.2) and the highest during EST, both at peak exercise and at the ischaemia threshold (6.6±2.9 and 5.9±2.7, respectively, p<0.05).During MST, the prevalence of silent ischaemia was higher than was observed during the other tests. All study patients remained asymptomatic when myocardial ischaemia was induced by MST + CPT. Even the intensity of CPT induced hand pain was significantly higher during CPT alone than during MST + CPT. These results confirm that mental status may influence pain modulation.
Does dysphoric mood really predict the outcome of lumbar surgery? Methodological pitfalls in psychological research
Authors: Basler H.‐D. , Zimmer C. 
Published: April 2004

This study investigates the relationship between depression and continuous pain after lumbar surgery by means of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). To assess the possibility that some somatic symptoms are confounded with pain, the items of the inventory were divided into a cognitive‐affective and somatic subscale. Data analysis is based on two assumptions: (1) continuous pain after surgery is more closely related to the somatic subscale than to the cognitive‐affective subscale of the BDI; and (2) postsurgical pain can be better predicted by the somatic than by the cognitive‐affective subscale presurgery.The sample consisted of 61 patients with lumbar nucleotomy and 107 patients with lumbar spondylodesis. Treatment outcome was evaluated 6 months after surgery in the nucleotomy patients and 9 months after surgery in the spondylodesis patients. At follow‐up, subjects conducted a pain diary over a period of 2 weeks. Correlational methodology was applied.Data analysis of both samples confirms the first assumption, whereas the second assumption is only partly confirmed. Only in the spondylodesis sample was pain intensity at follow‐up predicted by the total BDI score. Regarding the subscales, the cognitive‐affective scale, but not the somatic scale, was related to surgical outcome in this sample. The relationship between presurgical depression and pain at follow‐up failed to reach statistical significance in the nucleotomy sample. It is concluded that lack of awareness of the confounding effects of somatic items in questionnaires for the assessment of mood may contribute to erroneous conclusions drawn from studies reported in the literature.
The impact of parental problem drug use on children: what is the problem and what can be done to help?
Authors: Barnard Marina , McKeganey Neil 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTAim  To review the literature on the impact of parental problem drug use on children, and indicate the efficacy of key evaluated interventions to reduce the impact of parental drug use on children.Methods  Comprehensive narrative review of English language published research and intervention spanning the last three decades identified through searching library databases and citation.Findings  Problem drug use can impede parenting and the provision of a nurturing environment. Although small‐scale, localized and resource‐intensive these key evaluated interventions show cautious optimism that problem drug‐using parents can reduce drug use and achieve better family management. Children have rarely been directly the focus of intervention.Conclusions  Wider application and more rigorous evaluation of interventions in this area are needed. Given the scale of the problem it is important to establish how statutory services can apply the lessons of these more localized interventions.
Hair testing and self‐report of cocaine use by heroin users
Authors: Tassiopoulos Katherine , Bernstein Judith , Heeren Timothy , Levenson Suzette , Hingson Ralph , Bernstein Edward 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTAim  Failure to disclose cocaine use can have a negative impact on medical care and research validity. This study was performed to identify predictors of cocaine non‐disclosure among individuals who self‐reported heroin use during a medical care encounter.Design  A prospective comparison of self‐report of cocaine use among heroin users and hair analysis for cocaine.Setting  Four health‐care clinics at an academic, inner‐city hospital.Participants  Patients presenting for a health‐care visit who were willing to self‐report use of heroin and were not engaged in any form of drug treatment.Measurements  (1) Self‐report using standardized instruments: the Drug Addiction Severity Test (DAST), the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and quantity/frequency questions for heroin and cocaine use. (2) Biochemical evidence: analysis of hair by radioimmunoassay (RIA) for cocaine and opiate levels.Findings  Among 336 heroin users who tested positive for cocaine in hair, 34.2% did not report their recent cocaine use. The mean cocaine level for discordant individuals was significantly lower than for concordant individuals (109.6 ng/10 mg versus 470.57 ng/10 mg; P < 0.0001). Multivariate predictors of disclosure included opiate and cocaine levels in hair and the ASI drug severity subscore.Conclusions  Although self‐report has been validated for treatment system patients, almost a third of the out‐of‐treatment heroin users in this medical clinic study failed to disclose concomitant cocaine use. The likelihood of non‐disclosure was greatest for heavy users of heroin and light users of cocaine. Confirmation of self‐report with biochemical analysis in the medical setting may be necessary to improve both clinical care and research validity.
Does moderate alcohol use affect health‐care costs? A propensity analysis of female health‐care workers
Authors: McMillan Garnett P. , Lapham Sandra C. 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTAims  To determine differences in health‐care costs associated with moderate alcohol consumption among female health‐care workers while controlling for other risk factors that may be correlated with alcohol use.Design and setting  Non‐randomized, prospective, observational study of health‐care costs by female health‐care workers in a large managed care organization recruited between 1 January 1998 and 1 July 2000.Participants  Six hundred and eighty‐five female employees, continuously and stably employed by the managed care organization, who received health‐care through the affiliated managed care organization. All women completed a health risk appraisal as part of the company's Employee Wellness Plan; 218 women were categorized as moderate drinkers and 467 as abstainers/light drinkers.Measurements  Total costs of in‐plan and out‐of‐plan health‐care utilization, by type of service, during the 6 month period after completing the health risk survey were calculated.Findings  Using 218 one‐to‐one matched pairs of moderate drinkers and abstainers/light drinkers, no significant differences in total, outpatient or inpatient costs were observed during the 6 month observation period. Pharmacy costs were significantly lower for moderate drinkers (–$43, 95% CI = –$88.82 to –$2.41), primarily due to differences in costs from anxiolytic (including barbiturates and benzodiazepines), hypnotic and sedative drug fills.Conclusions  Findings demonstrate the value of risk factor matching when studying the relationship between alcohol use and health‐care utilization. The discovery of differential pharmacy utilization raises the possibility that alcohol consumption may reduce the use of prescribed central nervous system depressants.
New Mexico's 1998 drive‐up liquor window closure. Study II: economic impact on owners
Authors: Lapham Sandra C. , Skipper Betty J. 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTAims  This study examined the economic impact of the New Mexico legislative action closing drive‐up liquor windows on the retail establishments that operated them.Design  A telephone survey was conducted 20 months after the closure seeking information and owners’ opinions about how their outlets had changed since the closure and how this affected their business. In addition, 2 years of aggregated pre‐ and post‐closure total gross receipts revenues were obtained from the New Mexico Taxation and Revenue Department, with convenience stores as a comparison group.Findings  Interviews were completed for 149 of 220 establishments. Over one‐quarter of former drive‐up liquor windows (28%) had been converted to ‘step‐in’ sales, defined as an outside door where customers can stop and enter the premises while their car is running. Almost two‐thirds (61%) of owners reported decreased annual gross revenues following closure, with a reported average 15% reduction in alcohol sales. This is consistent with findings of decreased gross receipts for operators of non‐urban, but not urban, drive‐up liquor windows compared to convenience store gross receipts. Almost three‐quarters (72%) of those surveyed would re‐open the drive‐up window if the law were rescinded.Conclusion  Over one‐quarter of the drive‐up owners converted to step‐in alcohol sales that still allow a form of drive‐up liquor sales. Despite this, the forced closure of New Mexico's drive‐up liquor windows negatively impacted total sales and liquor sales revenues of establishments that operated them.
Recent trends in diagnosis and treatment of faecal incontinence
Authors: Tuteja A. K. , Rao S. S. C. 
Published: April 2004

SummaryThe inability to control bowel discharge is not only common but extremely distressing. It has a negative impact on a patient's lifestyle, leads to a loss of self‐esteem, social isolation and a diminished quality of life. Faecal incontinence is often due to multiple pathogenic mechanisms and rarely due to a single factor. Normal continence to stool is maintained by the structural and functional integrity of the anorectal unit. Consequently, disruption of the normal anatomy or physiology of the anorectal unit leads to faecal incontinence. Currently, several diagnostic tests are available that can provide an insight regarding the pathophysiology of faecal incontinence and thereby guide management. The treatment of faecal incontinence includes medical, surgical or behavioural approaches. Today, by using logical approach to management, it is possible to improve symptoms and bowel function in many of these patients.
Evaluation of three different tests for the detection of stool antigens to diagnose Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Gisbert J. P. , Trapero M. , Calvet X. , Mendoza J. , Quesada M. , Güell M. , Pajares J. M. 
Published: April 2004

SummaryAim : To evaluate the accuracy of several methods aimed to detect Helicobacter pylori stool antigens in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Methods : Thirty‐four patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding because of peptic ulcer were included. The first stool sample during hospitalization was collected, and stool antigens were determined with: polyclonal enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (Premier‐Platinum‐HpSA); monoclonal enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (Amplified‐IDEIA‐HpStAR); and rapid monoclonal immunochromatographic test (ImmunoCard‐STAT HpSA). A patient was considered infected when H. pylori was diagnosed with invasive tests (rapid urease test or histology) or with 13C‐urea breath test. When all tests were negative, a new breath test was repeated after stopping proton pump inhibitors.Results : All patients were infected and, therefore, only sensitivity of the tests could be calculated: polyclonal enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (74%), monoclonal enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (94%), and rapid monoclonal immunochromatographic test (60%; concordance between the two observers was high, kappa = 0.9). Neither the presence of maelena nor the delay in obtaining stool samples explained false negatives.Conclusions : Neither the polyclonal enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay stool antigen test nor the rapid immunochromatographic stool antigen test can be recommended to diagnose H. pylori infection in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. However, the monoclonal enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay stool antigen test is highly sensitive for detecting the infection in patients with this complication, although more studies are necessary to evaluate the specificity of the method.