bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Brazilian Physicians about Immediate Postpartum and Postabortion Intrauterine Device Insertion
Authors: Aguemi Adalberto Kiochi , Torloni Maria Regina , Okamura Mirna Namie , Guazzelli Cristina Aparecida Falbo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Brazilian physicians about immediate postpartum and postabortion intrauterine device insertion.
Methods Cross-sectional online survey involving physicians on duty in public Brazilian hospitals. Participants answered an anonymous questionnaire with close-ended questions to assess their knowledge, attitude, and experience on the immediate postpartum and postabortion insertion of copper intrauterine devices.
Results One hundred twenty-seven physicians working in 23 hospitals in the 5 geographic regions of Brazil completed the questionnaire. Most were female (68.5%) and worked in teaching hospitals (95.3%). The mean (standard deviation) knowledge score (0–10 scale) was 5.3 (1.3); only 27.6% of the participants had overall scores ≥ 7.0. Most physicians (73.2%) would insert a postpartum intrauterine device in themselves/family members. About 42% of respondents stated that they had not received any training on postpartum or postabortion intrauterine device insertion. In the past 12 months, 19.7%, 22.8%, and 53.5% of respondents stated they had not inserted any intrauterine device during a cesarean section, immediately after a vaginal delivery, or after an abortion, respectively.
Conclusion Most study participants have a positive attitude toward the insertion of intrauterine devices in the immediate postpartum period, but they have limited knowledge about the use of this contraceptive method. A large percentage of respondents did not have previous training on postpartum and postabortion intrauterine device insertion and had not performed any such insertions in the last 12 months. Strategies are needed to improve the knowledge, training, and experience of Brazilian physicians on immediate postpartum and postabortion intrauterine device insertion.
Relationship Involving Sexual Function, Distress Symptoms of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction, and Female Genital Self-Image
Authors: Arruda Guilherme Tavares de , Paines Gabrielle Peres , Silva Bianca Rangel da , Pairé Lauren Xavier , Pivetta Hedioneia Maria Foletto , Braz Melissa Medeiros , Virtuoso Janeisa Franck 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective To assess the relationship involving sexual function (SF), the distress symptoms caused by pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD), and female genital self-image (GSI).
Materials and Methods We assessed the GSI, SF and PFD distress symptoms by the Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS), the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) respectively. Data were analyzed by multiple linear regression.
Results Among the 216 women (age: 50.92 ± 16.31 years) who participated in the study, 114 were sexually active in the previous 4 weeks. In the total sample (p < 0.001; adjusted R2 = 0.097) and among sexually active women (p = 0.010; adjusted R2 = 0.162), the distress symptoms caused by pelvic organ prolapse (POP) were related to the GSI. Among sexually active women, sexual desire also was related to the GSI (p < 0.001; adjusted R2 = 0.126).
Conclusion The findings of the present study provide additional knowledge about female GSI and suggest that SF and POP distress symptoms should be investigated together with the GSI in the clinical practice.
Worsening psychological wellbeing of Australian hospital clinical staff during three waves of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Holton Sara , Rasmussen Bodil , Crowe Shane , Trueman Melody , Dabscheck Adrian , Booth Sarah , Hitch Danielle , Said Catherine M. , Haines Kimberley J. , Wynter Karen 
Published: October 2023

Objective This study aimed to assess and compare the psychological wellbeing of Australian hospital clinical staff at three timepoints during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods An anonymous, online, cross-sectional survey was conducted at three timepoints during the COVID-19 pandemic (T1: May–June 2020; T2: October–December 2020; T3: November 2021–January 2022). The surveys were completed by nurses, midwives, doctors and allied health staff employed at a large metropolitan tertiary health service located in Melbourne, Australia. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) assessed respondents’ psychological wellbeing in the past week. General linear models were used to measure the effects of survey timepoint on DASS-21 subscale scores, adjusting for selected sociodemographic and health characteristics. Results A total of 1470 hospital clinical staff completed at least one survey (T1: 668 (14.7%), T2: 358 (7.9%) and T3: 444 (9.8%)). Respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics were similar across the three timepoints and within professional discipline groups. Respondents’ psychological wellbeing was worse at T3 compared to the earlier survey timepoints. Adjusting for respondent characteristics, depression, anxiety and stress scores were significantly higher for respondents of the third survey compared to the first (P < 0.001). Conclusions There was a significant and persistent negative impact on the psychological wellbeing of hospital clinical staff in Australia across waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hospital clinical staff would benefit from ongoing and continued wellbeing support during and after pandemic waves.
What can attitudes reveal about prejudices?
Authors: Hinner Michael B. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The chapter takes a conceptual approach to prejudices in that it
reviews and applies the relevant research and literature on the subject and
related issues. That is why it first examines the interrelationship of
ethnocentrism, stereotypes, and prejudices in order to show how and why
prejudices arise. It becomes clear from this discussion that the social
environment can have an important and early impact on a person’s
predisposition. Another aspect to consider is identity because a person’s
self-image and self-esteem can determine whether a person is more
susceptible to prejudices or not. Next, the paper examines attitutes and
persusion to explain how prejudices can be overcome. Here as well, it
becomes clear why some individuals are swayed by messages designed to
overcome prejudices and others are not. Taking these factors into
consideration, the paper ends with a brief description of what measures need
to be undertaken in oder to overcome prejudices.
Resistive switching behaviour of nickel nanoparticle-embedded naphthalene sulphonic acid-doped polyaniline nanocomposites
Authors: Bhaumik Madhumita , Maity Arjun , Brink Hendrik G , Dlamini Zolile Wiseman , Vallabhapurapu SrinivasuVijaya 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Hybrid nanocomposite (NC) materials comprising organic polymers and inorganic metal nanoparticles (NPs) with unique properties are popular for their advanced technological applications including resistive switching memory devices. Herein, NCs of 2-naphthalene sulphonic acid-doped polyaniline nanotubes (PANI-NSA NTs) and nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) were synthesized via a facile chemical synthesis procedure where metallic Ni NPs were embedded in/deposited onto the surface of PANI-NSA NTs by a simple reduction method. Different characterization methods revealed successful deposition of weak ferromagnetic Ni NPs onto the PANI-NSA matrix. The bipolar resistive switching behaviour of the as-synthesized PANI-NSA + Ni NCs was investigated under the application of voltage stress in a two-terminal sandwiched device configuration. The fabricated indium tin oxide/PANI-NSA + Ni/silver (ITO/PANI-NSA + Ni/Ag) device displays bipolar resistive switching properties having a memory window of ∼1.5 × 103, and switches effectively over 200 cycles. Ohmic conduction in the lower-voltage regime and the space-charge-limited Mott–Gurney current conduction model in the higher-voltage region were identified as major charge conduction mechanisms in the high resistive state of the device. On the other hand, in the entire low resistive state region the experimental data followed the Mott–Gurney conduction model.
Perspectives of the generation and measurement of small electric currents
Authors: Kaneko Nobu-Hisa , Tanaka Takahiro , Okazaki Yuma 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the historical background, current status, and future prospects related to the generation and measurement of small electric currents. It specifically caters to nonprofessional readers, with the aim of making the information comprehensible. A range of technologies are introduced, applicable in both basic research and industrial context. Quantum-mechanical approaches have been the focus of extensive efforts in this field, encompassing various types of single-electron pumps and combinations of two other quantum standards: the Josephson voltage standard and the quantized Hall resistance standard. These methods offer a reliable and precise means of generating and measuring small electric currents, minimizing uncertainties. However, operating complex cryogenic systems requires specialized expertise. Alternatively, conventional room-temperature systems are comparatively easier to handle. They employ low-noise amplifiers in conjunction with stable high-value resistors or capacitors charged with voltage ramps. This paper not only examines the characteristics of the both quantum and classical approaches from multiple perspectives but also outlines current and future applications for the generation and measurement of small electric currents.
Influence of the reference surface and AFM tip on the radius and roundness measurement of micro spheres
Authors: Oertel Erik , Manske Eberhard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The performance of tactile and optical surface sensors for nano and micro coordinate measuring machines is currently limited by the lack of precisely characterised micro spheres, since established strategies have mainly been developed for spheres in the range of millimetres or above. We have, therefore, recently focused our research efforts towards a novel strategy for the characterisation of spheres in the sub-millimetre range. It is based on a set of atomic force microscope (AFM) surface scans in conjunction with a stitching algorithm. To obtain an uncertainty statement, the uncertainty about the shape of the reference surface needs to be propagated via the shape of the AFM tip to the actual measurement object. However, the sampling process of an AFM is non-linear and the processing of AFM scans requires complex algorithms. We have, therefore, recently begun to model the characterisation of micro spheres through simulations. In this contribution, this model is extended by the influence of the tip and reference surface. The influence of the tip’s shape and reference surface is investigated through virtual and real experiments. The shape of the tip is varied by using tips with mean radii of 200 nm and 2 μm while sampling the same ruby sphere with a mean radius of 150 μm. In general, the simulation results imply that an uncertainty of less then 10 nm is achievable. However, an experimental validation of the model is still pending. The experimental investigations were limited by the lack of a suitable cleaning strategy for micro parts, which demonstrates the need for further investigations in this area. Although the characterisation of a full sphere has already been demonstrated, the investigations in this contribution are limited to equator measurements.
Bipartite dielectric Huygens’ metasurface for anomalous refraction
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Wong Alex M H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Huygens’ metasurfaces—fundamentally based on Schelkunoff's equivalence principle, Huygens’ metasurfaces consist of a two-dimensional array of Huygens’ sources formed by co-located orthogonal electric and magnetic dipoles. Such metasurfaces provide electric and magnetic responses to an incoming electromagnetic (EM) wave, leading to unidirectional scattering and 2π phase coverage. We herein report a near-reflectionless coarsely discretized dielectric Huygens’ metasurface that performs anomalous refraction, offering a low-loss platform for wave manipulation at high frequencies as compared to their lossy metallic analogue. The coarse discretization dramatically simplifies the design, resulting in a metasurface that is highly efficient, cost-effective and robust. In this paper, the proposed metasurface comprises two meta-atoms per period, and is hence named the bipartite dielectric Huygens’ metasurface. Through full-wave simulations at 28 GHz, we show that the proposed metasurface can reroute an incident EM wave from θ

i
= 15° to θ

t
= − 44.5° with a very high efficiency: 87% of the scattered power is anomalously transmitted to θ

t
. Based on our observations, a coarsely discretized dielectric Huygens’ metasurface platform can be efficacious to design meta-devices with multifaceted functionalities in different frequency regimes.
2D-smoothing of laser beam fluctuations in optical compressor
Authors: Khazanov Efim 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We propose a modification of the four diffraction gratings Treacy compressor (TC)—a double-smoothing grating compressor (DSGC)—which enables smoothing of spatial fluctuations of a laser beam in two directions. Smoothing along the groves is due to oblique incidence on the gratings or tilted grooves. Smoothing in the direction normal to the grooves is achieved due to the use of nonidentical pairs of gratings. It is shown that the far-field fluence and the focal beam intensity after the DSGC are like those after the TC. Smoothing is a consequence of spatial harmonics lagging behind or overtaking the main pulse in proportion to the transverse wave vector. Analytical expressions are obtained for the spectrum of fluence fluctuations and fluence rms at the DSGC output. The efficiency of suppressing small-scale self-focusing in transmissive optical elements after the DSGC, for example, in the case of post-pulse compression is assessed.
From monkeys to humans: observation-based EMG brain–computer interface decoders for humans with paralysis
Authors: Rizzoglio Fabio , Altan Ege , Ma Xuan , Bodkin Kevin L , Dekleva Brian M , Solla Sara A , Kennedy Ann , Miller Lee E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective. Intracortical brain–computer interfaces (iBCIs) aim to enable individuals with paralysis to control the movement of virtual limbs and robotic arms. Because patients’ paralysis prevents training a direct neural activity to limb movement decoder, most iBCIs rely on ‘observation-based’ decoding in which the patient watches a moving cursor while mentally envisioning making the movement. However, this reliance on observed target motion for decoder development precludes its application to the prediction of unobservable motor output like muscle activity. Here, we ask whether recordings of muscle activity from a surrogate individual performing the same movement as the iBCI patient can be used as target for an iBCI decoder. Approach. We test two possible approaches, each using data from a human iBCI user and a monkey, both performing similar motor actions. In one approach, we trained a decoder to predict the electromyographic (EMG) activity of a monkey from neural signals recorded from a human. We then contrast this to a second approach, based on the hypothesis that the low-dimensional ‘latent’ neural representations of motor behavior, known to be preserved across time for a given behavior, might also be preserved across individuals. We ‘transferred’ an EMG decoder trained solely on monkey data to the human iBCI user after using Canonical Correlation Analysis to align the human latent signals to those of the monkey. Main results. We found that both direct and transfer decoding approaches allowed accurate EMG predictions between two monkeys and from a monkey to a human. Significance. Our findings suggest that these latent representations of behavior are consistent across animals and even primate species. These methods are an important initial step in the development of iBCI decoders that generate EMG predictions that could serve as signals for a biomimetic decoder controlling motion and impedance of a prosthetic arm, or even muscle force directly through functional electrical stimulation.
Development of dual-path multi-pass Thomson scattering system in GAMMA 10/PDX
Authors: Yoshikawa M. , Kohagura J. , Shima Y. , Nakashima Y. , Ezumi N. , Minami R. , Yasuhara R. , Yamada I. , Funaba H. , Kenmochi N. , Minami T. , van der Meiden H. , Sakamoto M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A dual-path Thomson scattering (DPTS) system was developed to measure electron temperature and density in a GAMMA 10/PDX central cell (CC) and an end cell (EC). The DPTS comprises CC Thomson scattering system (CC-TS) and an EC Thomson scattering system (EC-TS). In the CC-TS, we developed a multipass system to improve the signal intensities and time resolution. In the EC-TS, a double-pass system was developed as a preliminary step in developing a multipass system. In a previous EC-TS, the optical components for the double-pass configuration were placed in a vacuum vessel. To reduce the influence of stray light and facilitate alignment, a hole for the double-pass laser path was made on the partition wall in the vacuum chamber such that the probe laser could be extracted into the atmosphere and the double-path configuration could be easily adjusted. We applied DPTS to detached plasma experiments and successfully measured the core and edge electron temperatures and densities with the detached plasma experiments with the additional application of supersonic molecular beam injection and central electron cyclotron heating in the core plasma to simultaneously introduce intermittent particle flux.
Development of a dual HCN laser interferometer on a small tokamak device
Authors: Zhang N. , Liu H.Q. , Xie J.X. , Wei X.C. , Jie Y.X. , Yao Y. , Yao D.M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A dual hydrogen cyanide (HCN) laser interferometer system was designed and developed to measure the electron density of plasma with high temporal resolution. The system comprises two terahertz continuous wave (CW) discharge-pumped HCN lasers, each emitting at a frequency of 0.89 THz and with an output power of up to 100 mW. The intermediate frequency (IF) signal is obtained by adjusting the length of the resonant cavity. The temporal resolution of the interferometer can reach 1 μs when the intermediate frequency is at 1 MHz. The feasibility of the dual HCN laser interferometer system was verified by simulating the plasma using a wedge. Preliminary experimental results were obtained on a small tokamak device, a root mean square error of the dual HCN laser interferometer is approximately 1.5×1017 m-3 when the line-integrated electron density obtained by the dual HCN laser interferometer is about 1.5×1019 m-3.
Histomorphometric evaluation, SEM, and synchrotron analysis of the biological response of biodegradable and ceramic hydroxyapatite-based grafts: from the synthesis to the bed application
Authors: Gasperini Flávio Marcos , Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira , Mitri Fabio Franceschini , Calasans-Maia Mônica Diuana , Mavropoulos Elena , Malta Rossi Alexandre , Granjeiro José Mauro 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the physicochemical and histological properties of nanostructured hydroxyapatite and alginate composites produced at different temperatures with and without sintering and implanted in rabbit tibiae. Hydroxyapatite-alginate (HA) microspheres (425–600 µm) produced at 90 and 5 °C without (HA90 and HA5) or with sintering at 1000 °C (HA90S and HA5S) were characterized and applied to evaluate the in vitro degradation; also were implanted in bone defects on rabbit’s tibiae (n = 12). The animals were randomly divided into five groups (blood clot, HA90S, HA5S, HA90, and HA5) and euthanized after 7 and 28 d. X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared analysis of the non-sintered biomaterials showed a lower crystallinity than sintered materials, being more degradable in vitro and in vivo. However, the sinterization of HA5 led to the apatite phase’s decomposition into tricalcium phosphate. Histomorphometric analysis showed the highest (p < 0.01) bone density in the blood clot group, similar bone levels among HA90S, HA90, and HA5, and significantly less bone in the HA5S. HA90 and HA5 groups presented higher degradation and homogeneous distribution of the new bone formation onto the surface of biomaterial fragments, compared to HA90S, presenting bone only around intact microspheres (p < 0.01). The elemental distribution (scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy and μXRF-SR analysis) of Ca, P, and Zn in the newly formed bone is similar to the cortical bone, indicating bone maturity at 28 d. The synthesized biomaterials are biocompatible and osteoconductive. The heat treatment directly influenced the material’s behavior, where non-sintered HA90 and HA5 showed higher degradation, allowing a better distribution of the new bone onto the surface of the biomaterial fragments compared to HA90S presenting the same level of new bone, but only on the surface of the intact microspheres, potentially reducing the bone-biomaterial interface.
Transport and localization properties of excitations in one-dimensional lattices with diagonal disordered mosaic modulations
Authors: Nguyen Ba Phi , Kim Kihong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We present a numerical study of the transport and localization properties of excitations in one-dimensional lattices with diagonal disordered mosaic modulations. The model is characterized by the modulation period κ and the disorder strength W. We calculate the disorder averages

⟨
T
⟩

,

〈
ln
T
〉

, and

⟨
P
⟩

, where T is the transmittance and P is the participation ratio, as a function of energy E and system size L, for different values of κ and W. For excitations at quasiresonance energies determined by κ, we find power-law scaling behaviors of the form

⟨
T
⟩
∝

L

−

γ

a

,

⟨
ln
T
⟩
≈
−

γ
g

ln
L

, and

⟨
P
⟩
∝

L

β

, as L increases to a large value. In the strong disorder limit, the exponents are seen to saturate at the values

γ
a

∼
0.5

,

γ
g

∼
1

, and

β
∼
0.3

, regardless of the quasiresonance energy value. This behavior is in contrast to the exponential localization behavior occurring at all other energies. The appearance of sharp peaks in the participation ratio spectrum at quasiresonance energies provides additional evidence for the existence of an anomalous power-law localization phenomenon. The corresponding eigenstates demonstrate multifractal behavior and exhibit unique node structures. In addition, we investigate the time-dependent wave packet dynamics and calculate the mean square displacement

⟨

m
2

(
t
)
⟩

, spatial probability distribution, participation number, and return probability. When the wave packet’s initial momentum satisfies the quasiresonance condition, we observe a subdiffusive spreading of the wave packet, characterized by

⟨

m
2

(
t
)
⟩
∝

t

η

where η is always less than 1. We also note the occurrence of partial localization at quasiresonance energies, as indicated by the saturation of the participation number and a nonzero value for the return probability at long times.