bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Awareness and Attitude on Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease among non health care workers: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Roy Sandeep Kumar , Pai Radhika R. , Chandrababu Ramesh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Coronary artery disease (CAD) has become a significant health problem that affects the health of people worldwide. In this study, we assessed the awareness and attitude toward the prevention of CAD among nonhealth-care workers.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 292 nonhealth-care workers at the institutions of a multidisciplinary university. Participants were asked to complete the awareness and attitude questionnaire on the prevention of CAD.

Results:
Among the nonhealth-care workers, most of the participants had good knowledge 43 (14.7%), and a positive attitude 290 (99.3%) toward preventive measures of CAD. There was a moderate positive correlation between knowledge and attitude, which was statically significant (r = 0.540, significant at P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
Even though most of the participants demonstrated good awareness of factors contributing to CAD among nonhealth-care workers, rest of the vast majority of the participants reported having limited awareness. This warrants a well-designed awareness program for nonhealth-care workers, which can help reduce the incidence or the development of CAD among the general population.
Glass that Heals: Exploring the Wonders of Bioactive Glass
Authors: Raut Sayali , Ikhar Anuja , Bhopatkar Jay 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In today’s world, dental and bone defect incidences have become very common, and regenerative treatment has shown very effective results. As such, it might affect the whole quality of life of an individual. Moreover, the present studies show that now, it is possible to heal or treat certain dental diseases by use of some regenerative material and bioactive glass (BAG) is one of them and also is proved to be helpful in various dermatological conditions. Its safety and effectiveness are more as compared to other biomaterials. This review focuses on one of the versatile materials which act as a regenerative therapy as the BAG releases possess antimicrobial properties which release ions and act as a regenerative material. It has many uses in dentistry as such and other fields of medicine and is proven to be very helpful in providing or lessening infections to initiate the remineralization of such structures which might become impossible with the use of others.
Viral Carcinogenesis: A Concise Review
Authors: Pasupuleti Swetha , Vanguru Raviteja , Manyam Ravikanth , Siripurapu Swathi , Alapati Naga Supriya , Salwaji Supraja 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
As per the International Classification of Diseases, oral cancer is a subtype of head-and-neck cancer which develops in the tongue, lips, salivary glands, floor of the mouth, gingiva, buccal surfaces, oropharynx, and other intraoral areas. It is commonly presumed at least 5 to 10 mutations in different genes cause the transformation of normal cells to malignant. They may be triggered on by exposure to a single agent or a combination of agents, random errors in genetic replication, or errors in DNA repair procedures. Oncogenic viruses are a serious threat to humans, farm animals, and pets. These viruses cause cell transformation, uncontrollable cell growth, and the formation of malignant tumors. This review summarizes on the role of such viruses in carcinogenesis, antiviral therapy, and therapeutic vaccines.
Naloxone-induced Septal Neuromodulation of Hoarding Behavior in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Patil Krishnakant Balasaheb , Patil Ashwini Namdeorao , Singh Chandralekha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Advances have been made in recognizing the neural mechanisms controlling ingestive behavior and maintaining energy balance. The interlinkage between opiate pathways, hoarding behavior, and body weight homeostasis suggests that a malfunction of the opioidergic brain may well have a role in the pathophysiology of obesity. The potential of opioid antagonists to influence food hoarding, a type of appetitive ingestive behavior, needs to be explored. Hence, this study was undertaken with the aim of assessing the effect of naloxone as a septal neuromodulator in the hoarding behavior of laboratory rats.

Materials and Methods:
Stereotaxic techniques were implemented on 20 adult male Wistar rats. For the experimental group (n = 10), naloxone was injected into the septal area. For the control group (n = 10), 0.9% of normal saline was injected into the septal region. Hoarding scores before and after the administration of the drugs were noted and statistically analyzed.

Results:
Naloxone showed a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in the food-hoarding scores (6.6 ± 4.2) as compared to baseline-hoarding scores (41.5 ± 14.39). However, the hoarding scores in the control group did not depict any significant change when measured before and after instillation of 0.9% normal saline.

Conclusion:
Intraseptal naloxone has modulatory activity in the septal network with inhibitory influence upon hoarding behavior.
A Rare Case of Isolated Hydatid Cyst in Right Lung in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Wazurkar Ajinkya Shrikant , Lohiya Sham , Vagha Keta Jayant , Vagha Jayant 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The parasite Echinococcus granulosus is the source of the disease hydatid cyst, which primarily affects the liver but can also affect other parts of the body. This case involves a seven-year-old boy who had fever and cough for 15 days which was identified as a case of isolated hydatid cyst of the right lung following examination and further testing. The child received albendazole preoperatively, then had the hydatid cyst removed with enucleation. After receiving advice to continue taking Praziquantel and Albendazole for another three months, the boy was discharged. If untreated, hydatid cysts of the lung can lead to serious problems like cyst rupture, pneumothorax, and infection and could pose a life-threatening risk. In order to identify hydatid cyst as early as possible, a comprehensive history and examination are crucial, and treatment should begin.
Prosthodontic Rejuvenation of Oral Esthetics
Authors: Jaiswal Tanvi , Kambala Seema Sathe , Borle Anjali Bhoyar , Dhamande Mithilesh , Kambala Rajanikanth 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A system of esthetic predictions that has been used since antiquity is described. The system’s naturalness is emphasized by displaying nature’s examples of how artists and designers used it. The smile’s esthetics are greatly improved by framing the teeth within the confines of gingival architecture. An uneven gingival contour height can have a dramatic effect on the beauty of a smile. Although the position of the gingival tissue zenith may appear insignificant, it can significantly impact the axial inclination and emergence profile of the teeth. The present article describes a case report that deals with replacing unsatisfactory and extensive metal-ceramic restorations with all ceramic restoration to improve esthetics in the form and shape of the tooth, color, and alignment of the tooth; consequently, the patient’s smile’s esthetics and harmony are established.
A Brief Review on Monkeypox Virus – A Reemerging Epidemic
Authors: Kumar Anurag , D’silva Vismaya , Madake Bhushan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease that was initially discovered in northern Africa during the 1970s. The monkeypox virus (MPXV) belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus, and it shares a strong connection to the now-eradicated smallpox virus, which was caused by the variola virus. The MPXV is a type of double-stranded DNA virus found in the Orthopoxvirus genus within the Poxviridae family. It is categorized into two genetic clades: West African and Central African. Along with three other orthopoxvirus species dangerous to humans, such as variola major virus, which caused smallpox and is now eradicated, variola minor virus, and cowpox virus (CPXV), MPXV poses a threat to human health. In addition, some animal poxviruses can be zoonotic, such as vaccinia virus, CPXV, buffalopox virus, and, in rare cases, camelpox virus. While monkeypox infects a wide range of animals, its natural host reservoir is still not known.
Impact of Physical Activity on Epilepsy
Authors: Bhatt Geeta , Gupta Nalina , Manwadkar Shweta , Mehendale Priti , Kothary Khyati 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Epilepsy has neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social effects that make individuals more secluded and suffer from increased social stigma. In order to increase quality of life in epilepsy, efforts should not only target seizure control but also consider all facets of life, such as physical and mental wellness. It is noteworthy that neither epilepsy patients nor medical doctors typically involve physical exercise programs. This resistance could be brought on by concern that exercise will trigger seizures, stigma, or misinformation. With the rise in data on the advantageous effects of physical activity (PA) on management of epilepsy and enhancing life quality, it makes sense to incorporate exercise programs as an additional non-pharmacological treatment for epilepsy. The major point is to support the potential application of an exercise regimen to either prevent or treat epilepsy. As a result, future studies are essential to study the advantages and impact of PA on epileptic patients. The current review of the literature includes 12 articles from the years 2017 to 2022 that were found by searching the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using keywords like “exercise,” “epilepsy,” “physical activity,” “human treated for epilepsy,” and “seizure physical training.” These articles examine the most recent research on the risks and advantages of PA in epilepsy patients and indicate that being active has positive psychological effects on both social and mental health. However, in light of the information that is currently available, it is recommended that PA should be considered in epilepsy patients in order to boost life quality and overall well-being.
Publication trends and collaborative patterns in periodontics research from Saudi Arabia: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Alqahtani Hussam M , Haq Ikram U 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aim:
To perform a comprehensive bibliometric analysis encompassing all articles published on periodontics from Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:
Using the Scopus database on June 8, 2023, the search term “Periodontic*” was entered in the primary search bar to extract all documents published on periodontics. Following, the year filter was applied to include articles published from the earliest available date until the date of data collection, excluding 2023. Next, we used the country/region filter to limit our documents to Saudi Arabia (n = 1929). We used Microsoft Excel (v.16) to examine periodical growth, collaboration patterns, influential institutions, frequently used sources, international research collaboration, and most-cited papers.

Results:
Saudi Arabia ranked 11th in periodontics research, contributing 3.43% to the global research output, reaching a peak of 7.63% in 2022. Notably, there was significant growth observed during the last 5 years of the study, with an average of 232.8 documents per year. The analysis of citations revealed that the selected documents received an average of 13.39 citations per document. Indigenous literature received less citation on average compared to internationally collaborated documents. King Saud University ranked first among the most productive institutions in Saudi Arabia, accounting 40.74% of the total output. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice published the highest number of documents, followed by the Saudi Dental Journal and the Journal of Periodontology. In terms of citation impact, the Journal of Periodontology emerged as the most influential, with an average of 32.83 citations per document. Research collaboration was most prevalent with researchers from the United States (22.03%), although Germany ranked first in terms of citation impact.

Conclusion:
Saudi Arabia’s contribution to periodontics research has shown significant growth in recent years. The collaborative efforts with international researchers, particularly those from the United States, have played a crucial role in fostering advancements within the field.
Prevalence and risk factors of periodontal disease among rural and urban residents of a south Indian city: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Dain Chacko Pearl , Ganapathi Sanjay , Ranjithkumar Ambili , Geevar Zachariah , Harikrishnan Sivadasanpillai , Ammu Jayanthi Viswanathan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
The prevalence of oral diseases has been increasing alarmingly in the state of Kerala. Screening for periodontal disease (PD) is crucial due to its negative impact on oral and overall health. Since the occurrence and severity of PD depend on its risk factors, a structured survey in randomly selected districts in the state can be a valuable tool for policymakers to envisage strategies to enhance oral health care and control shared systemic illnesses. Data on the prevalence and risk factors of PD among the residents of the Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala is not currently available in the public domain. This data could also be representative of the other 13 districts with more or less similar topographical, cultural, and lifestyle characteristics.

Aim:
To study the prevalence of PD and its risk factors among the residents of the Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala and to compare the urban–rural differences.

Materials and Methods:
In this community-based cross-sectional study, a multistage cluster random sampling method was used to select the participants. Among the 1285 participants, 560 were from urban areas, and 725 were from rural areas. A modification of the Ramfjord PD index was used to assess periodontal health. The epidemiological risk factors were evaluated using sociodemographic data, personal histories, and physical and biochemical parameters. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the relationship of PD with independent variables. Mediation analysis was performed to examine the mediating effects of independent factors.

Results:
The rural population (61.4%) had a higher frequency of PD than the urban (35.5%) and an overall prevalence of 50%. Aging, poor oral hygiene, and low educational level (EL) were significant risk factors for PD in urban and rural settings, with hypertension only being significant in the latter. A higher odds ratio (9.07–29.68) with a confidence interval of (5.45–48.94) for poor oral hygiene was noted. Poor oral hygiene and tobacco use had mediating effects between low EL and PD.

Conclusions:
In this study, the overall prevalence of PD was 50%, with the rural population being more afflicted. Poor oral hygiene has been identified as a modifiable risk factor for PD in urban and rural populations. Poor oral hygiene and tobacco use have been demonstrated to be mediators of the strong link between low EL and PD. Therefore, this study reiterates the need for better oral health awareness and treatment facilities to minimize the impact of the above risk factors on the periodontium. A shared risk relationship between PD and hypertension in the rural population emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to public health by including oral health as part of noncommunicable disease prevention and intervention programs.
Intraepithelial Inclusions on Urinalysis Screening among COVID-19 Cases: Are they Covicytes?—A Hospital-Based Cohort Study with Narrative Review
Authors: Ojha Pushpanjali R. , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Title:
“Intraepithelial inclusions on urinalysis screening among COVID-19 cases: Are they
Covicytes?—A hospital-based cohort study with narrative review.”

Context:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated delayed acute kidney injury (AKI) is often reported in subsequent waves of the pandemic. Early intervention and regular follow-up influence the outcome and inhibit progression into chronic kidney disease (CKD). This is the first study to identify urinary cytomorphological abnormalities (
Covicytes
) and predict COVID-19-associated delayed AKI with a narrative review of the possible etiologies for intraepithelial inclusions.

Settings and Design:
A hospital-based cohort study with a narrative review.

Material and Methods:
Screening urinalysis to assess the cytomorphology of epithelial cells (ECs) and inclusions in Leishman and periodic acid–Schiff (PAS)-stained smears by two independent pathologists was performed in reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 cases at a tertiary care center.

Statistical Analysis:
Basic statistical tools were used for descriptive statistical analysis, and data were expressed in mean, proportion, and frequency.

Results:
Cytomorphological abnormalities (48/188) were predominant among adult males. Leukocyturia (39/48) with positive nitrite test (28/39), high ECs (27/48) and squamous cell-to-tubular EC (SC:TEC) ratio, intraepithelial intracytoplasmic inclusions predominantly in TECs (Covicytes), and multiple well-visualized, perinuclear PAS-negative neutrophilic vacuoles (17/39) were found. The association with preexisting diabetes (31/48), hypertension (10/48), and disease severity was noted.

Conclusions:
This study reported COVID-19-associated urinary cytomorphological abnormalities and interesting unique inclusions (Covicytes) that may be a result of underlying inflammatory changes, reactive hyperplasia, degenerative changes, or defective endocytosed vacuoles. The possible etiologies for renal inclusions were reviewed. We recommend compulsory baseline and follow-up urinary cytology screening for all COVID-19-suspected patients to detect and predict delayed AKI before clinical and biochemical manifestation during disease endemicity.
Environment Friendly Rehydrants for Air-Dried Oral Buccal Smears – A Comparative Study with Conventional Method
Authors: Handa Tanvi , Gupta Shally , Gulati Anubha , Singh Simranjit 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Cytopathology is defined as a branch of pathology which involves studying diseases and their diagnosis. The conventional method involves fixing the cells in alcohol, but its poor availability in ill-equipped areas can pose problems. One solution to this problem is air-drying of smears followed by rehydration. In this study, we intend to assess the cytomorphologic changes in air-dried smears rehydrated using various agents and to correlate them with the smears prepared using conventional wet technique. Also, we attempt to find the alternative to alcohol which can be used in less equipped areas.

Materials and Methods:
Three smears each were prepared from 24 patients (12 healthy and 12 with habits). A total of 72 smears were prepared. One smear from each patient was used as control group (alcohol fixation - total number: 24 smears). The remaining two smears were air-dried and rehydrated and were taken as the test group (test group A - rehydrated with aq. glycerine; total number: 24 smears, test group B - rehydrated with coconut oil; total number: 24 smears) for 5–10 minutes. Then, all 72 slides were stained by standard Papanicolaou stain. The slides were examined for cytomorphologic changes and a score was assigned from 0 to 3.

Conclusion:
Our study proved aq. glycerine to be a superior rehydrant in comparison to conventional wet fixed smears or coconut oil. Also, in studies where cytoplasmic evaluation is required, coconut oil can be used due to its superior quality.
Serum vitamin D status and its relationship with insulin resistance amongst a cohort of Nigerian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Adeleye Jokotade O , Emuze Martins E , Esan Arinola , Bamidele Olabisi T 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Insulin resistance (IR) is a cardinal pathophysiological mechanism for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Vitamin D has been proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of T2DM. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum levels of vitamin D and IR among persons with T2DM in a tertiary health facility in Southern Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
The study was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted at the medical outpatient clinic of a hospital in Nigeria. Participants included 120 patients with T2DM and 60 healthy controls. Levels of serum vitamin D, fasting insulin, and fasting plasma glucose were determined. IR was determined using the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR). Data obtained were analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 22.

Results:
The mean serum vitamin D of the subjects with T2DM was significantly lower than the controls (35.84 ± 11.65 ng/mL vs. 44.71 ± 20.12 ng/mL; P < 0.001). The median HOMA-IR of the T2DM subjects was significantly higher than that of controls (2.26 [2.57] vs. 1.59 [1.53]; P = 0.002). The mean serum vitamin D was significantly higher among T2DM participants with HOMA-IR of less than 2 compared with participants who had HOMA-IR of greater than or equal to 2 (39.80 ± 13.22 ng/mL vs. 33.91 ± 9.75 ng/mL; P < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between serum vitamin D and HOMA-IR among patients with T2DM (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The finding of this study could signify that vitamin D levels may be used as a surrogate marker of IR.
Effects of supervised structured exercise program on postural control and gait in subjects with type-2 diabetes
Authors: Popaliya Aarti , Shah Chaitali 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Type-2 diabetes mellitus, one of the most common metabolic diseases in the world, is brought on by the interaction of two critical factors: reduced insulin secretion by pancreatic beta-cells and impaired insulin sensitivity of tissues. The objective of the study was to see the effects of supervised structured exercise program on postural control and gait in subjects with type-2 diabetes. The study recruited 44 type-2 diabetic subjects who were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group (n = 22) and control group (n = 22). Functional reach test and dynamic gait index were used as outcome measures for pre- and postevaluations of postural control and gait, respectively. The study identified a mean improvement of 2.54 ± 11.31 and 3 ± 14.31 in the experimental and control groups, respectively. Both groups showed significant improvements in postural control and gait after the intervention (P < 0.05). The level of improvement in the experimental group was significantly higher in improving postural control compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The results of the study demonstrated that structured exercise program is effective in improving postural control and gait in subjects with type-2 diabetes.