bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frailty and outcomes in adults undergoing systemic anti-cancer treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pearce Jessica , Martin Sally , Heritage Sophie , Khoury Emma G , Kucharczak Joanna , Nuamek Thitikorn , Cairns David A , Velikova Galina , Richards Suzanne H , Clegg Andrew , Gilbert Alexandra 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
It is increasingly recognised that frailty should be assessed and considered in treatment decision-making in patients with cancer. This review and meta-analysis synthesises existing evidence evaluating the association between baseline frailty and Systemic Anti-Cancer Treatment (SACT) outcomes in adults with cancer.

Methods
Five databases were systematically searched from database inception to January 2023 to identify prognostic factor studies (cohort/case-control design) reporting the associations between validated frailty assessments (pre-treatment) and follow-up outcomes in adults with solid-organ malignancy undergoing SACT. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed via Quality of Prognosis Studies in Systematic Reviews tool. Where appropriate, associations between frailty and outcomes (survival, toxicity, treatment tolerance, functional decline/quality of life and hospitalisation) were synthesised in meta-analysis and presented as forest plots.

Results
58 studies met inclusion criteria. They were undertaken in a range of tumour sites and mainly in older patients and advanced disease/palliative settings. Most had low/moderate RoB. Nine frailty assessment tools were evaluated. Four outcomes were synthesised in meta-analysis, which demonstrated the prognostic value of two tools: Geriatric-8 (G8; survival, treatment tolerance, hospitalisation) and Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES13; survival, toxicity, treatment tolerance). Overall pooled estimates indicate that frailty conveys an increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio (HR) 1.68, 95% confidence interval 1.41-2.00), toxicity (odds ratio (OR) 1.83, 1.24-2.68), treatment intolerance (OR 1.68, 1.32-2.12) and hospitalisation (OR 1.94, 1.32-2.83).

Conclusion
Simple, brief frailty assessments including G8 and VES13 are prognostic for a range of important outcomes in patients undergoing SACT. Risk estimates should be used to support shared decision-making.
Building a Culture of Health Through Leader-Inspired Nutrition
Authors: Currie Tanisha L , Crawford Cindy C , Scott Jonathan M , Troncoso Melissa R , McCarthy Mary S , Lindsey Andrea T , Deuster Patricia A 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
The balance of operational readiness and maintaining a healthy recruitment force presents increasing challenges within the DoD. Chronic preventable diseases, such as overweight and obesity, along with musculoskeletal injuries, are threats to recruitment and retention. Novel approaches are needed and leaders are in a unique position to serve a key role in influencing nutrition readiness. Leader-Inspired Nutrition (LIN) is a proposed framework that equips leaders with strategies for building a culture of health. Leader-Inspired Nutrition provides an approach leaders can leverage within units to improve health and performance. The LIN framework was developed from relevant and evidence-based information through collaboration with key nutrition subject matter experts and leaders. The 7 core pillars of LIN are to integrate nutrition basics, model top-down nutrition behaviors, promote a performance-focused food environment, integrate dietary supplements knowledge, consider economic factors that affect nutrition choices, evaluate Total Force Fitness impact, and promote utilization of DoD wellness resources. Each pillar provides leaders with a practical approach to engaging service members while encouraging nutrition readiness. As leaders engender trust and serve as role models, the adoption of the LIN framework in their units can guide and foster a culture of health within the DoD. Leader-Inspired Nutrition will assist leaders in building shared communities through healthful nutrition and mealtime experiences and serve to shape military nutrition policies that affect readiness within the DoD. This commentary describes the concept of LIN, the elements and principles of LIN, and how leaders can inspire service members to maximize performance to support nutrition readiness.
The Association Between Disordered Eating and Musculoskeletal Injury Among Marine Officers Upon Entry to the Basic School
Authors: Exley Lt Shannon L , Schvey Natasha A , Ricker Emily , Raiciulescu Sorana , Barrett Amelia S , de la Motte Sarah J 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Active duty service members (ADSMs) may be at heightened risk for eating disorders (EDs) and sub-clinical disordered eating (DE). ADSMs are also at a high risk for musculoskeletal injury (MSK-I). Given the risk for EDs/DE among ADSMs as well as robust physical requirements of military training, additional research is needed to elucidate links between DE and risk for MSK-I among ADSMs. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of DE and associations with MSK-I among Marine Corps officers entering a 6 month leadership course.

Materials and Methods
The current cross-sectional study is part of a large, prospective study, the Initiation of Marine Physiological Assessment of Combat Training (IMPACT) study. Participants completed the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire Short (EDE-QS) and self-reported the presence of a recent (≤6 months) MSK-I upon entry to an officer training course. A logistic regression was used to assess the association between elevated DE (EDE-QS ≥15) and recent MSK-I, adjusting for age, race, sex, and commissioning source.

Results
N = 1,382 officers (11.6% female, MAge: 24.8 ± 2.9 years, 26.6% racial/ethnic minority) completed the questionnaires. Seven percent had elevated DE (EDE-QS score ≥15) (female: 10.6%, male: 6.9%, P = .10); 18.3% self-reported recent MSK-I (female: 26.3%, male: 17.3%; P = .009). Females had 17% greater odds of MSK-I compared to males (aOR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.03-1.33, P = .02). Moreover, females with elevated DE had greater odds of MSK-I than males with elevated DE (aOR= 1.38); among females, odds of MSK-I were greatest among those with elevated DE (aOR= 1.35).

Conclusions
In this sample of Marine officers, DE was associated with greater odds of a recent MSK-I among women only. Results align with previously reported relationships between DE and skeletal health in female athletes. Prospective research is needed to elucidate the temporal nature of these relationships.
scHiGex: predicting single-cell gene expression based on single-cell Hi-C data
Authors: Shrestha Bishal , Siciliano Andrew Jordan , Zhu Hao , Liu Tong , Wang Zheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A novel biochemistry experiment named HiRES has been developed to capture both the chromosomal conformations and gene expression levels of individual single cells simultaneously. Nevertheless, when compared to the extensive volume of single-cell Hi-C data generated from individual cells, the number of datasets produced from this experiment remains limited in the scientific community. Hence, there is a requirement for a computational tool that can forecast the levels of gene expression in individual cells using single-cell Hi-C data from the same cells. We trained a graph transformer called scHiGex that accurately and effectively predicts gene expression levels based on single-cell Hi-C data. We conducted a benchmark of scHiGex that demonstrated notable performance on the predictions with an average absolute error of 0.07. Furthermore, the predicted levels of gene expression led to precise categorizations (adjusted Rand index score 1) of cells into distinct cell types, demonstrating that our model effectively captured the heterogeneity between individual cell types. scHiGex is freely available at https://github.com/zwang-bioinformatics/scHiGex.
Chatbot Democracy
Authors: Croce Nicholas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
What will be the role of chatbots in 21st century democratic processes? Considering the potential implementations of artificial intelligence (AI) “chatbots” or large language models (LLMs) with a natural language processing (NLP) interface for use in public administration, policy-making, and deliberative democratic processes, this essay explores representative and access-boosting roles for such chatbots: how they could supplement constituent services, increase access to government programs, facilitate deliberation, and perhaps even act as posthuman representatives within a deliberative democratic process. The essay reviews the burgeoning, multi-disciplinary academic literature dealing with the use of chatbots in both government and deliberative contexts—literature that probes questions of utility, representational ethics, equity and access. The essay concludes with an itinerary for further thinking and research, emphasizing the importance of both impact and formative evaluation.
Invalid exercises of powers and defective changes of trustees: what can go wrong and how to put it right
Authors: Pursall Tony 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The first part of this article outlines some of the reasons why the exercise of powers can be invalid, with a focus on the failure to comply with formal requirements. The second part considers possible remedies, including the implied exercise of powers doctrine and the defective exercise of powers doctrine, as well as those available to the court where there has been a defective change of trustees. It argues that there will often be an available remedy that enables the invalid exercise of dispositive powers to be retrospectively validated even where the court does not have that jurisdiction.
Longitudinal Reliability of Milestones Learning Trajectories during Anesthesiology Residency
Authors: Sun Ting , Park Yoon Soo , Chen Fei , Hogan Sean O. , Tanaka Pedro 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Longitudinal Milestones data reported to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) provide a structured framework for assessing the developmental progression of residents in key competencies and subcompetencies. This study aims to investigate the previously underexplored longitudinal reliability of Milestones data, with the goal of identifying patterns in learning trajectories that can inform targeted interventions for residents and programs.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study with national anesthesiology Milestones data collected from 2014 to 2020. Mixed-effects growth curve models were fit to model residents’ growth trajectories. Longitudinal reliability was assessed using the indices of growth rate reliability (GRR) and growth curve reliability (GCR). We also examined variance components attributable to the factors at both the learner and program levels. Latent class growth analyses (LCGA) were performed to identify latent groups of learners with different learning trajectories.

Results:
The study included a total of 682,475 ratings for 4976 learners in 140 programs. Growth curve model results indicated that the mean baseline Milestone rating across the 25 subcompetencies was 2.05 (95% CI: 1.96-2.14), with an average increase of 0.49 (95% CI: 0.48-0.51) units per reporting period. The GRR (mean ± SD, 0.58 ± 0.03) suggested a moderate capability of anesthesiology Milestones to detect individual differences in the growth of latent competency. GCR estimates (mean ± SD, 0.76 ± 0.02) suggested acceptable overall reliability of Milestones across all the six assessment points. Significant variability was observed at both the program and learner levels (P < 0.001). LCGA identified 3-4 latent groups of learners with distinct learning trajectories across the 25 subcompetencies.

Conclusions:
Our study indicated that the anesthesiology Milestones provides moderately reliable information for tracking individual progress over time. The findings underscore the importance of using a multi-faceted approach to assessment and providing individualized learning plans to support resident development.
Conservative Reconstruction of the Lower Limb with a Bilayer Porous Collagen Matrix after a Spider Bite
Authors: Palmesano Marco , Bottini Davide Johan , Storti Gabriele , Secondi Lorenzo , Cossi Carlo , Calicchia Alessio , Giacalone Martina , Nunziata Irene , Basile Emanuela , Cervelli Valerio 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Brown recluse spider bites may cause symptoms ranging from local cutaneous reactions to systemic visceral loxoscelism. Most bites are self-limiting, but some can lead to necrotic ulcerations with severe complications and soft tissue defects. Necrotizing ulcers are uncommon and have various clinical presentations, so no standard treatment exists. A 68-year-old man required medical attention after getting a spider bite while traveling in Tanzania. After returning to Italy, the patient presented with a posterior lower limb black papule, local edema, and fever. The lesion quickly ulcerated with an eschar. Medical history and symptoms suggested a brown recluse spider bite. Ulcer management was conservative, with careful surgical debridement and a two-step reconstruction using a split-thickness skin graft and a bilayer porous collagen matrix. Treatment resulted in functional recovery and acceptable aesthetics.
Evaluating a Hearing Loop Implementation for Live Orchestral Music
Authors: McWeeny Sean , Trainor Laurel J. , Armstrong Steve , Bosnyak Dan , Tawfik Hany , Bruce Ian C. 
Published: January 2025

Objectives:
Live music creates a sense of connectedness in older adults, which can help alleviate the social isolation frequently associated with hearing loss and aging. However, most hearing-aid (HA) users are dissatisfied with the sound quality of live music and rate sound quality as important to them. Assistive listening systems are frequently independent of a user’s HAs and fall short in tailoring to each individual’s hearing loss. The present study thus tested whether the use of a hearing loop would improve sound quality during an orchestral concert.

Design:
Participants with symmetrical moderate-to-severe hearing loss were assigned to use Sonova-provided HAs with a telecoil (n = 20) or their own HAs (n = 8) without a telecoil during a performance by the Hamilton Philharmonic Orchestra. We changed loop input to use one of three feeds every 5 minutes: a mix of microphones from the hall’s standard assistive feed on the first balcony (house condition), a mix of microphones located on the stage (stage condition), or no input to the loop (no feed). After each 5-minute interval, we collected sound quality and naturalness ratings for the previous 5 minutes.

Results:
Sound quality and naturalness ratings were highly related (rRM = 0.81), though each provided unique insight. Repeated measures analysis of variance found significant differences among the loop feed conditions for sound quality and naturalness, with the no feed condition significantly outperforming the house condition on sound quality [t(18) = −3.73, adj. p = 0.005] and naturalness [t(18) = −4.15, adj. p = 0.002]. Mixed effects models allowed us to retain the richness of a repeated observation dataset and provided point estimates of the overall quality and naturalness among conditions; however, assumption violations of normality and homoskedasticity prevented further interpretation.

Conclusions:
Though HA-integrated assistive listening systems are a promising option for improving live music for people with hearing loss, a hearing loop does not seem to be crucial for orchestral music. Future directions include improving lyric understanding for music with vocals and customizing user experience via Bluetooth Low Energy Audio systems.
Recent advances in pharmacological treatments of proliferative vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Sanchez-Suarez Jeysson , Kim Yoon Jeon , Miller William P. , Kim Leo A. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose of review
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a severe complication of retinal detachment and trauma, posing significant challenges to surgical success and visual prognosis. Despite advancements in vitreoretinal surgery, PVR incidence remains unchanged, this review presents a synthesis of the principal clinical and preclinical research findings from recent years.

Recent findings
Recent research has focused on anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antifibrotic agents. Corticosteroids, such as triamcinolone and dexamethasone, show promise in reducing inflammation but have inconsistent results. Methotrexate and mitomycin C demonstrate efficacy in preclinical and select clinical scenarios. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents and immunotherapies, like infliximab, have shown limited clinical benefits despite promising preclinical data. Novel approaches, including CB2 receptor agonists, exosome-based drug delivery, and nuclear factor kappa B pathway inhibitors, are gaining traction. Additionally, RNA-based and multitargeted therapies highlight the importance of addressing inflammation, fibrosis, and proliferation simultaneously.

Summary
Effective management of PVR requires multifaceted therapies targeting its complex pathogenesis. While current treatments are limited, ongoing research in precision drug delivery and combination therapies offers hope for improved outcomes. Future strategies should focus on translating promising preclinical findings into robust clinical applications.
Real‑world therapeutic strategies and survival outcomes in advanced HER2-mutant non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Sun Ruei-Lin , Liao Pei-Ya , Liao Ying-Ting , Yeh Yi-Chen , Chiang Chi-Lu , Chen Yuh-Min , Hsu Kuo-Hsuan , Tseng Jeng-Sen , Huang Hsu-Ching , Shen Chia-I , Tseng Yen-Han , Huang Yen-Hsiang , Luo Yung-Hung , Yang Tsung-Ying 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Limited information is available regarding the clinical features and outcomes of advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Taiwan, despite expanding treatment options for this distinct subtype. The present study explored the clinical features and outcomes of HER2-mutant NSCLC in a real-world setting.

Methods:
Relevant data were collected from patients with advanced or recurrent HER2-mutant NSCLC who received systemic therapy between 2011 and 2021 and were followed up until 2022 at two medical centers in Taiwan. Clinical features, treatment responses, and survival-associated factors were analyzed.

Results:
This study included 45 patients (median age: 59.7 [range: 41.3–78.7] years). A775_G776insYVMA was the most common NSCLC subtype (57.8%), followed by G778_P780dup (11.1%). Approximately 53.3% of the patients received first-line platinum-based chemotherapy (PC) alone, whereas 13.3% received PC combined with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI). The median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) after first-line therapy were 25.8 and 4.4 months, respectively. The objective response rate was generally higher in patients receiving first-line PC + ICI than in those receiving PC alone (33.3% vs. 12.5%; p = 0.269). Furthermore, patients receiving PC + ICI had longer PFS than did those receiving PC alone (9.5 vs. 4.4 months; p = 0.131) and those receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitor/ICI monotherapy (9.5 vs. 0.5 months; p = 0.015). Compared with patients having other NSCLC subtypes, those carrying HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations had shorter median PFS (17.3 vs. 2.9 months; p = 0.043) and OS (not reached vs. 19 months; p = 0.031).

Conclusion:
This study highlights the clinical features and outcomes of advanced HER2-mutant NSCLC in Taiwan. PC + ICI may be more effective than other regimens as first-line therapy. The prognostic role of HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations warrants further investigation.
Frailty in kidney transplant candidates: new therapeutic strategies to intervene
Authors: Kirkman Danielle L. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose of review
Patients that present with a physical frail phenotype have a higher risk of poor kidney transplant outcomes and are therefore less likely to be wait listed for a transplant. The physical frailty phonotype is more prevalent in older adults >65years with chronic and end stage kidney disease, thus partly contributing to inequitable access to transplant. Frailty can potentially be reversed by prehabilitation.

Recent findings
Small studies of prehabilitation in kidney transplant candidates have demonstrated feasibility and safety. These pilot studies have shown efficacy for improving functional surrogates of frailty. Encouraging findings from one small pilot study reported a 50% reduction in postoperative length of hospital stay in patients that participated in prehabilitation. Exercise intervention should be supported with nutrition intervention aimed at increasing energy intake. Lifestyle behavior change coaching and case-by-case clinical psychology support are a key for successful uptake of prehabilitation and sustainable lifestyle change.

Summary
There is consensus from the American Society of Transplantation, the European Society of Transplantation, and healthcare providers that prehabilitation is a valuable peri-operative intervention. Robust, multicenter randomized controlled trials will facilitate the establishment of evidence-based guidelines and widespread implementation of prehabilitation into clinical care.
Competency Gaps Among Governmental Public Health Employees With and Without a Formal Public Health Degree: Where Are We Now?
Authors: Gee MaKenzie , Taylor Heather , Yeager Valerie A. 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to examine whether differences in self-reported core competency skill gaps among U.S. governmental public health workers with and without a formal degree in public health have changed since the last assessment in 2017.

Design:
This cross-sectional study utilizes data from the 2021 Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey (PH WINS). Bivariate relationships were analyzed by conducting chi-square tests of respondents’ supervisory level and reported skill gaps. Multivariate logistic regressions of reported skill gaps were performed holding gender, age, race/ethnicity, public health certificate attainment, role type, current employer, and tenure in public health practice constant.

Setting:
A nationally representative sample of U.S. government public health employees.

Participants:
36,752 U.S. governmental public health employees across local and state health agencies representing 47 states.

Main Outcome Measures:
Self-reported competency skills gaps.

Results:
In 2021, among both nonsupervisors and supervisors, having a formal public health degree (bachelors, masters, or doctorate) was significantly associated with reduced odds of reporting a skill gap across more than half of the competency skills assessed (14 of 23 skills and 17 of 24 skills, respectively). Nonsupervisors and supervisors with a formal public health degree had fewer skill gaps in 2021 than in 2017. Furthermore, whereas in 2017, when having a public health degree had no effect on executives reporting a skill gap, in 2021, having a public health degree was significantly associated with reduced odds of reporting 2 skill gaps.

Conclusions:
Overall, across all position levels (ie, nonsupervisory, supervisor, executive), public health workers with a public health degree experienced fewer competency skill gaps in 2021 than in 2017. These findings from PHWINS 2021 illustrate that formal public health education generally decreases competency gaps across numerous competency domains. However, the variability in reported gaps across supervisory levels shows the need for ongoing evaluation and adaptation of formal public health degree programs.