bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ILLEGAL ENROACHMENT IN THE COMMUNITY OF WATU ATA NATURAL RESERVE AREA, BAJAWA DISTRICT, NGADA DISTRICT
Authors: Ule Roswina Junianti , Rahmawati Arfita , Pamungkas Bella Theo Tomi 
Published: February 2025

The large number of people who occupy, control, and cultivate areas in conservation forest areas illegally, for subsistence or commercial purposes without paying attention to statutory regulations, is a problem in the Watu Ata Nature Reserve. Even though the government already has a social forestry program that collaborates with communities regarding forest management. This research aims to determine the location, and factors that influence the occurrence of illegal land use in the Watu Ata nature reserve area, Bajawa District, Ngada Regency. The sample used a spatial sample, namely locations of illegal land use and 60 squatter communities. This research method uses multiple regression analysis and spatial interpolation. The results of this research show that economic factors, social factors, and environmental factors influence the impact of encroachment. The low level of illegal occupation is in Langagedha Village and the high level is in Wawowae Village and Jawameze Village. Recommendations from this research are that Wawowae Village, with an area of 132.77 hectares in Wawowae Village can be used as a location for social forestry.
IMPROVING STUDENTS LEARNING OUTCOMES USING GROUP INVESTIGATION METHOD
Authors: Veriansyah Ivan , Nurhakim Ihsan , Mawardi Pitalis 
Published: February 2025

This research is Classroom Action Research which aims to improve student learning outcomes using the Group Investigation method. This research was carried out in 1 cycle consisting of four stages, namely planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. Because the expected results have been achieved, only 1 cycle is carried out without a second cycle. The results of the research show a significant increase in student learning outcomes in oceanography courses for semester 2 students in Geography study program at PGRI University of Pontianak. In pre-action it was found that there were still 89% of students who could not achieve the minimum score with an average score 44.2. After implementing the group investigation method in the class, it was found that the student's score increased to 77 with the student completion rate reaching 82%. This shows that the group investigation method is very effective in improving student learning outcomes because this model guide students to get involve in internalizing and reshaping information actively. Beside that, students build understanding from within, not from external sources which encourages a better understanding of the topics.
A Novel Approach to Cexp Average Assignments on Chain Graphs
Authors: Kannan A. Rajesh 
Published: February 2025

بشكل عام، ليس من الضروري أن يكون المتوسط ​​الأسي لعددين موجبين عددًا صحيحًا. ولهذا السبب، يجب أن يكون المتوسط ​​الأسي عددًا صحيحًا يأخذ في الاعتبار دالة الأرضية أو السقف. لقد تم تعريفها بحيث يمكن تسمية الرسوم البيانية بمتوسط ​​أسي، حيث يمكن لدالة الأرضية أو دالة السقف تطبيقها على تسميات الحواف. لتأسيس تعيين المتوسط ​​الأسي على الرسوم البيانية، سوف يتم وضع تسميات الحواف التي تنشأ من دالة السقف وحدها في الاعتبار. تُسمى دالة تعيين قمة الرأس δ ودالة تعيين الحافة بتخصيص متوسط ​​Cexp للرسم البياني G مع رؤوس p وحواف q إذا كانت δ شاملة و متباينة وتكون العلاقات المكافئة
ويتم تعريفه بواسطة تسمية الحافة δ* كما يلي:
, حيث وN هي مجموعة جميع الأعداد الطبيعية. إذا كان الرسم البياني يقبل تعيين متوسط ​​Cexp، فإنه يطلق عليه رسم بياني لمتوسط ​​تخصيصCexp. يُقترح في هذه الورقة متوسط ​​تخصيص الرسوم البيانية لـCexp ، ويتم استكشاف خصائصه في الدورة، واتحاد المسار والدورة، واتحاد الرسم البياني T والدورة، والرسم البياني G*، والرسم البياني G'، والرسم البياني Ĝ والشرغوف.
Primordial Rotating Disk Composed of ≥15 Star Forming Clumps at Cosmic Dawn
Authors: Fujimoto Seiji , Ouchi Masami , Kohno Kotaro , Valentino Francesco , Giménez-Arteaga Clara , Brammer Gabriel , Furtak Lukas , Kohandel Mahsa , Oguri Masamune , Pallottini Andrea , Richard Johan , Zitrin Adi , Bauer Franz , Boylan-Kolchin Michael , Dessauges-Zavadsky Miroslava , Egami Eiichi , Finkelstein Steven , Ma Zheng , Smail Ian , Watson Darach , Hutchison Taylor , Rigby Jane , Welch Brian , Ao Yping , Bradley Larry , Caminha Gabriel , Caputi Karina , Espada Daniel , Endsley Ryan , Fudamoto Yoshinobu , González-López Jorge , Hatsukade Bunyo , Koekemoer Anton , Kokorev Vasily , Laporte Nicolas , Lee Minju , Magdis Georgios , Ono Yoshiaki , Rizzo Francesca , Shibuya Takatoshi , Shimasaku Kazuhiro , Sun Fengwu , Toft Sune , Umehata Hideki , Wang Tao , Yajima Hidenobu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Early galaxy formation, initiated by the dark matter and gas assembly, evolves through frequent mergers and feedback processes into dynamically hot, chaotic structures1. In contrast, dynamically cold, smooth rotating disks have been observed in massive evolved galaxies merely 1.4 billion years after the Big~Bang2, suggesting rapid morphological and dynamical evolution in the early Universe. Probing this evolution mechanism necessitates studies of young galaxies, yet efforts have been hindered by observational limitations in both sensitivity and spatial resolution. Here we report high-resolution observations of a strongly lensed and quintuply imaged, low-luminosity, young galaxy at z=6.072 (dubbed the Cosmic Grapes), 930~million years after the Big Bang. Magnified by gravitational lensing, the galaxy is resolved into at least 15 individual star-forming clumps with effective radii of re≃ 10-60 parsec (pc), which dominate ≃ 70% of the galaxy's total flux in rest-frame ultraviolet (UV). The cool gas emission unveils a smooth, underlying rotating disk (rotational-to-random motion ratio of 3.58 ± 0.74) characterized by a gravitationally unstable state (Toomre Q ≃ 0.2-0.3), with high surface gas densities comparable to local dusty starbursts with ≃ 103-5 solar mass (M⊙) per pc2. These gas properties suggest that the numerous star-forming clumps are formed through disk instabilities with weak feedback effects. The clumpiness of the Cosmic Grapes significantly exceeds that of galaxies at later epochs and the predictions from current simulations for early galaxies. Our findings have unveiled the connection between the host galaxy's internal small substructures and the underlying dynamics along with feedback effects for the first time at cosmic dawn, potentially explaining the high abundance of bright galaxies observed in the early Universe3.
The role of centromeric transposable elements in shaping chromosome evolution
Authors: Parisod Christian , Poretti Manuel , Mandáková Terezie , Choudhury Rimjhim , Lysak Martin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Transposable elements (TEs) play pivotal roles in genome evolution, yet their impact on pericentromeric regions of chromosomes, characterized by high sequence turnover and TE abundance, remains largely unclear. This gap in knowledge limits our understanding of TEs biology and their role within host genomes. In this study, we address this gap by analysing chromosome-scale assemblies to explore the content and dynamics of pericentromeric regions in four closely related Biscutella species. Although they share substantial synteny, we observe significant variability in the non-coding genome, especially within pericentromeric regions of the species affected by strongest genetic drift due to smallest population size. By comparing TEs from the CRM clade, which specifically target centromeric regions, with those from the Athila clade, we identify specialized CRMs that follow centromeres after recent repositioning, alongside an invasion by Athila copies that exhibit less insertion bias. Additionally, we find that TEs migration from pericentromeric towards distal nucleolus organizer regions correlates with increased DNA methylation and decreased gene expression. These results highlight how rapid pericentromeric evolution driven by bursts of TE activity can significantly impact genome functionality and stability. Our findings offer new insights into the evolutionary mechanisms shaping genome organization and underscore the broader implications for understanding genome dynamics and adaptation.
Highly Efficient Removal of Cadmium from Wastewater Using Eco-Friendly and Cost-Effective Amorphous Silicoaluminophosphates as Adsorbent Particles
Authors: Annath Hamza , Jaiyeola Oluwafikayo , Mangwandi Chirangano 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

This study highlights the promising use of amorphous eco-friendly aluminophosphate (Am-AlP) and silicoaluminophosphates (Am-SiAlP) as effective adsorbents for cadmium removal from wastewater. Incorporating silicon into Am-AlP significantly enhanced its surface and porous characteristics, optimizing its adsorptive capacity. The ideal composition identified was 7.5 mol% Si and 92.5 mol% Al, which demonstrated excellent decontamination efficiency. Kinetic studies revealed that over 90% of cadmium was removed within the first 30 minutes, indicating rapid adsorption capabilities. Overall, these findings suggest that Am-AlP and Am-SiAlP are not only cost-effective and environmentally friendly but also highly efficient materials for addressing cadmium contamination in wastewater.
Identifying high risk seafloor areas to bottom trawling in Aotearoa New Zealand to support marine spatial management
Authors: Hall Benjamin , Bennion Matthew , Lam-Gordillo Orlando , Fitzsimmons Clare , Stephenson Fabrice 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Seafloor species play important ecological roles within marine ecosystems, yet many are vulnerable to the impacts of bottom fishing. Despite the known vulnerability of many seafloor taxa, destructive bottom fishing remains prevalent in many parts of the world given demand for wild-caught seafood. Species Distribution Models (SDMs) are increasingly used to estimate the distribution of vulnerable taxa and estimate possible risk of interactions with fishing gears, but most approaches have used a limited number of taxa. In this study, spatial predictions of species distributions for 207 seafloor invertebrate taxa in New Zealand waters were combined with a comprehensive database of functional traits related to bottom trawling to predict areas of high vulnerability. In addition, spatial estimates of functional redundancy were calculated and combined, these elucidated areas of ‘high combined risk’ that covered 182,087 km2 (9.5%) of the study area. The interactions of these areas with current Marine Management Areas (MMAs) and highly fished zones revealed that current MMAs protect 50% of the ‘high combined risk’ areas (91,000 km2), and less than 1% is within fished areas. This leaves a predicted 90,937 km2 (49%) outside current protection, some are close to current MMAs and are potentially of high priority for future marine spatial management. Identifying areas most vulnerable to bottom trawling showcases interactions within previously fished areas, as well as highlighting areas for management action. Using different sets of functional traits as a combined approach could also be used to assess other anthropogenic impacts, improving ecosystem-based spatial management by ensuring protection of functions at globally significant scales.
Estimating socioeconomic status for health equity surveillance in Cameroon: an expert opinion survey
Authors: NkumBuh Collins , Emalio Yannick Niamsi , Ngoufack Marie Nicole , Dongmo Gilles Protais Lekelem , Tamfon Brian Bongwong , Nanfak Aude , Kodjo Jerome Sedowo Eyi , Chichom-Mefire Alain , Juillard Catherine , Hubbard Alan , Nguefack-Tsague Georges 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Despite increasing awareness of socioeconomic status’s (SES) association with health outcomes, there is no widely accepted and rapidly implementable estimation of SES measures in resource-limited settings. An exception is the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS)’s wealth quintile index constructed from household ownership assets. To facilitate health equity surveillance, method of individual SES estimation requiring fewer number of household assets is needed. The objective of this study was to identify the DHS assets most relevant for measuring SES in Cameroon.
Methods
Participants interviewed with a structured questionnaire included stakeholders involved in the design and implementation of DHS in Cameroon for many years. Using a 5-point Likert scale, experts graded DHS assets’ likelihood to measure SES. The questionnaire was strongly reliable (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.943, 95% CI: 0.920–0.961, p < 0.001) for using the 29 items retained to measure SES.
Results
The probabilities of agreeing that an asset can be a useful measure of SES varied from 0.016 to 0.047. The 12 DHS assets most likely to measure SES included having Refrigerator(85.3%), Television(83.8%), Laptop(79.4%), Mixer(77.9%), Computer(77.9%), Agricultural land(77.9%), Cable/Satellite(76.5%), Cell phone(76.5%), Modem/Internet key(73.5%), Water pump(72.1%), Car/truck(72.1%) and Gas stove(72.1%) with a respective probability (prior) of 0.047, 0.046, 0.044, 0.043, 0.043, 0.043, 0.042, 0.042, 0.041, 0.040, 0.040 and 0.040.
Conclusions
This research underscores the importance of integrating local expert insights to refine the measurement of SES, promoting improved health outcomes in populations, particularly in Cameroon. Future research should explore the application of this expert-opinion-driven framework in various contexts to create more comprehensive, robust, and reliable SES indicators.
Proximity-Induced Nodal Metal in an Extremely Underdoped CuO2 Plane in Triple-Layer Cuprates
Authors: Ideta Shinichiro , Adachi Shintaro , Noji Takashi , Yamaguchi Shunpei , Sasaki Nae , Ishida Shigeyuki , Uchida Shin-ichi , Fujii Takenori , Watanabe Takao , Wang Wen , Moritz Brian , Devereaux Thomas , Arita Masashi , Mou Chung-Yu , Yoshida Teppei , Tanaka Kiyohisa , Lee Ting-Kuo , Fujimori Atsushi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

ARPES studies have established that the high-Tc cuprates with single and double CuO2 layers evolve from the Mott insulator to the pseudogap state with a Fermi arc, on which the superconducting (SC) gap opens. In four- to six-layer cuprates, on the other hand, small hole Fermi pockets are formed in the innermost CuO2 planes, indicating antiferromagnetism. Here, we performed ARPES studies on the triple-layer Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ over a wide doping range, and found that, although the doping level of the inner CuO2 plane was extremely low in underdoped samples, the d-wave SC gap was enhanced to the unprecedentedly large value of Δ0～100 meV at the antinode and persisted well above Tc without the appearance of a Fermi arc, indicating a robust ″nodal metal″. We attribute the nodal metallic behavior to the unique local environment of the inner clean CuO2 plane in the triple-layer cuprates, sandwiched by nearly optimally-doped two outer CuO2 planes and hence subject to strong proximity effect from both sides. In the nodal metal, quasiparticle peaks showed electron-hole symmetry, suggesting d-wave pairing fluctuations. Thus the proximity effect on the innermost CuO2 plane is the strongest in the triple-layer cuprates, which explains why the Tc reaches the maximum at the layer number of three in every multi-layer cuprate family.
A new method for analyzing trihalomethanes using a GC-FID device
Authors: Karimi M. , Shayesteh Keyvan , Sepehri Nabiollah , Mozafari Zohreh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

In water chlorination for removing pathogens, trihalomethanes (THMs) become among the significant carcinogenic by-products of drinking water chlorination. The conventional measurement means for these compounds is a GC device with an ECD detector (GC-ECD) or GC/MS. A GC-ECD or a GC/MS is utilized for analyzing trihalomethanes at the microgram per liter scale. Due to international sanctions, purchasing an ECD detector is not easy or cost-effective. This article introduces a new concentration method using the Head Space technique in a GC-FID device for measuring the concentration of trihalomethanes. In this method, four compounds, chloroform (CHCl3), di-bromochloromethane (CHClBr2), bromodichloromethane (CHCl2Br) and bromoform (CHBr3), are plotted on a 5-point calibration chart after being measured on a microgram per liter scale. This method, designed at laboratory, can be used to measure concentrations and analyze data in the laboratories of water and wastewater, environment, petroleum and petrochemistry, etc. High accuracy of the method (µg/L) is the main feature of this method. Here, the design method and advantages of this method are presented with diagrams and tables.
The Long-Term Impacts of Breastfeeding on Educational Attainment of Adults
Authors: Khudri Md Mohsan , Hussey Andrew 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we examine the impact of breastfeeding on the likelihood of obtaining a college degree and attending graduate school. Using a doubly robust estimation technique, we find that having been breastfed is linked to an increased probability of obtaining a college degree, but its association with graduate school attendance is largely insignificant. The effect on college degree attainment is primarily concentrated among males, blacks, and whites. Investigating potential mechanisms, we find evidence that these effects are operating through the impact of breastfeeding on adolescents’ cognitive ability.
JEL classification: I12, I23, J15, I18, C21
Periodically-Modulated Unipolar and Bipolar Orders in Nematic Fluids: Towards Miniaturized Microscopic Nonlinear Photonics
Authors: Lu Yan-qing , Zhang Guang-Yang , Lin Enjun , Wang Ze-Yu , Pan Jin-Tao , Yang Jidan , Deng Minghui , Wei Yang , Ye Yong , Wang Ning , Ma Ling-Ling , Wang Yu , AYA Satoshi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Complex polar topological configurations are the foundation for exploring exotic phases and nontrivial emergent phenomena in condensed-matter physics. While numerous topological configurations like skyrmions and merons are known to occur spontaneously in various materials, achieving the designability of magnetically- and electrically-polar textures in a controlled manner is a long-standing challenge in domain engineering. Here, we discover an unprecedented mesophase that exhibits unipolar and bipolar orders, where both the apolar and polar orientational order parameters are modulated. The polar state enables defect-free polar patterning with designability and controllability at large scales. We succeed in scaling down the volume of the nonlinear vectorial beam generation devices by a factor over 10-6, providing a foundation for the microscopic nonlinear optical apparatuses.
Ketoanalogs supplementation not only retarded kidney function deterioration but also reversed adverse outcomes in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease in a nationwide study
Authors: Lee I Hsueh , Lin Cheng-Jui , Kuo Feng-Chi , Sun Fang-Ju , Chiang Shu-O 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and aims: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most burdensome health conditions worldwide and necessitates the preservation of kidney function. In recent years, ketoanalogs (KAs) and low-protein diets have been used to treat end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In this study, we used theNational Health Insurance Research Database(NHIRD) of Taiwan to explore the benefits of KAs in clinical practice.
Methods: Data on patients with CKD were extracted from the NHIRD for the period 2000–2013. After the data of 7,883 patients were extracted, 1:3 case‒control matching was performed to minimize the differences between KA users and nonusers. A time-dependent Cox regression model and a generalized estimating equation method wereused to examine the clinical effects of KAs in patients with advanced CKD.
Results: After 1:3 case‒control matching, the patients were divided into a KA group (n = 369) and a non-KA group (control, n = 1,107). The patients in the KA group had a longer duration from the time point of CKD diagnosis to ESRD compared with those in the control group (30.9 versus 16.8 months, p < 0.0001). In addition, the patients in the KA group had a lower mortality rate, fewer blood transfusions, and fewer erythropoietin prescriptions per month (mortality rate: 14.6% versus 32.8%, p < 0.01; blood transfusions: 18.9% versus 33.8%, p < 0.01; erythropoietin prescriptions per month: 0.8 versus 1.1, p < 0.01). These results indicated that KAs had a positive effect on patients withCKD.
Conclusion: KAs have a major effect on patients with advanced CKD, enabling them to defer dialysis, thereby mitigating their anemia and reducing their mortality risk. Our real-world clinical data demonstrate that low-protein diets and KAs can mitigate the adverse effects of CKD in patients with advanced CKD.
Comparative analysis of co-occurrence patterns of macrobenthic communities in intertidal and offshore zones of the Yellow River Delta, China
Authors: Wang Jiao , Jiang Shaoyu , Sun Debin , Chen Jing , Li Baoquan , Chen Linlin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Species co-occurrence is crucial for understanding ecological processes, species interactions, and predicting community responses, supporting biodiversity conservation and ecosystem health. In this study, we explored co-occurrence patterns of macrobenthos in the intertidal and offshore two different habitat types of the Yellow River Delta (YRD) based on both the matrix level and the species-pair level methods. Results showed the intertidal zone displayed lower species diversity, primarily featuring mollusks, crustaceans, and polychaetes, while the offshore zone consistently exhibited higher crustacean abundance, particularly shrimps and crabs, along with an increased fish species count across multiple months. Matrix-level results using a null model indicated that macrobenthic species with low mobility predominantly exhibited a random pattern across the intertidal zone; on the other hand, these species with high mobility showed a significant segregated pattern within offshore regions. The pairwise-level analysis showed that the species pairs of the macrobenthic communities were mainly randomly associated and fewer species pairs demonstrated both the significant aggregation/separation existing within the intertidal zone and its various subdivisions. Furthermore, species pairs displaying significant aggregation were more numerous than those showing separation among the overall pairs. These findings further support the notion that macrobenthic species within the intertidal zone tend to lack a distinct structure, likely due to the diminished impact of interspecific competition and also the increased impact of environment factors in this unique habitat of the YRD. This study improves understanding of species co-occurrence across different ecological types in estuarine wetlands, supporting biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management.