bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Temperature and High‐Electron Mobility Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor Field‐Effect Transistors Based on N‐Type Diamond
Authors: Liao Meiyong , Sun Huanying , Koizumi Satoshi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDiamond holds the highest figure‐of‐merits among all the known semiconductors for next‐generation electronic devices far beyond the performance of conventional semiconductor silicon. To realize diamond integrated circuits, both n‐ and p‐channel conductivity are required for the development of diamond complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) devices, as those established for semiconductor silicon. However, diamond CMOS has never been achieved due to the challenge in n‐type channel MOS field‐effect transistors (MOSFETs). Here, electronic‐grade phosphorus‐doped n‐type diamond epilayer with an atomically flat surface based on step‐flow nucleation mode is fabricated. Consequently, n‐channel diamond MOSFETs are demonstrated. The n‐type diamond MOSFETs exhibit a high field‐effect mobility around 150 cm2 V−1s−1at 573 K, which is the highest among all the n‐channel MOSFETs based on wide‐bandgap semiconductors. This work enables the development of energy‐efficient and high‐reliability CMOS integrated circuits for high‐power electronics, integrated spintronics, and extreme sensors under harsh environments.
Breaking the scaling relationship via lattice expansion of Ag for CO2 electroreduction over a wide potential window
Authors: Tuo Yongxiao , Liu Wanli , Lu Qing , Zhang Xinling , Zhou Xin , Zhou Yan , Feng Xiang , Wu Mingbo , Wang Zhihua , Chen De , Zhang Jun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe achievement of excellent catalytic activity for electricity‐driven CO2 reduction over a wide potential window is significant for the mature applications. However, the efficient potential range is always limited by the dilemma in CO2 activation and product desorption at different potentials, due to the scaling relationships of adsorption energy. Herein, we developed a nanostructured Ag‐CO3 electrocatalyst featuring metallic Ag with Ag(220) orientation on the surface and Ag2CO3 beneath. The interactions between Ag and Ag2CO3 lead to lattice expansion on the surface of Ag, resulting in electron localization and accordingly enhanced CO2 activation to *COOH on Ag. Furthermore, this lattice expansion induces a change in the *CO adsorption geometry from a bridge mode to a linear mode, which compensates the promotion effect of electron localization on *CO adsorption energy. As a result, the scaling relationship between *COOH and *CO adsorption energy was disrupted, leading to enhanced *COOH adsorption and inferior *CO adsorption. Consequently, the Ag‐CO3 catalyst exhibited a high FECO (>80%) over a robust potential window of −0.8 to −1.8 V (vs. RHE), with a maximum FECO of 95% at −1.2 V (vs. RHE). The mechanism described herein offers a universal design principle for the development of high‐efficiency CO2 electroreduction catalysts that operate effectively within a broad potential range.
Cubic Iodide LixYI3+x Superionic Conductors through Defect Manipulation for All‐Solid‐State Li Batteries
Authors: Zhang Shumin , Zhao Feipeng , Su Han , Zhong Yu , Liang Jianwen , Chen Jiatang , Zheng Matthew Liu , Liu Jue , Chang Lo‐Yueh , Fu Jiamin , Alahakoon Sandamini H. , Hu Yang , Liu Yu , Huang Yining , Tu Jiangping , Sham Tsun‐Kong , Sun Xueliang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHalide solid electrolytes (SEs) have attracted significant attention due to their competitive ionic conductivity and good electrochemical stability. Among typical halide SEs (chlorides, bromides, and iodides), substantial efforts have been dedicated to chlorides or bromides, with iodide SEs receiving less attention. Nevertheless, compared with chlorides or bromides, iodides have both a softer Li sublattice and lower reduction limit, which enable iodides to possess potentially high ionic conductivity and intrinsic anti‐reduction stability, respectively. Herein, we report a new series of iodide SEs: LixYI3+x (x=2, 3, 4, or 9). Through synchrotron X‐ray/neutron diffraction characterizations and theoretical calculations, we revealed that the LixYI3+x SEs belong to the high‐symmetry cubic structure, and can accommodate abundant vacancies. By manipulating the defects in the iodide structure, balanced Li‐ion concentration and generated vacancies enables an optimized ionic conductivity of 1.04 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C for Li4YI7. Additionally, the promising Li‐metal compatibility of Li4YI7 is demonstrated via electrochemical characterizations (particularly all‐solid‐state Li‐S batteries) combined with interface molecular dynamics simulations. Our study on iodide SEs provides deep insights into the relation between high‐symmetry halide structures and ionic conduction, which can inspire future efforts to revitalize halide SEs.
Tailoring the Position of Ester Group on N‐Alkyl Chains of Benzotriazole‐based Small Molecule Acceptors for High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhou Liuyang , Yu Han , Zhang Jinyuan , Qiu Dingding , Fu Yuang , Yi Jicheng , Xie Lan , Li Xiaojun , Meng Lei , Zhang Jianqi , Lu Xinhui , Wei Zhixiang , Li Yongfang , Yan He 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSide chain engineering plays a vital role in exploring high‐performance small molecule acceptors (SMAs) for organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, we designed and synthesized a series of A‐DA'D‐A type SMAs by introducing different N‐substituted alkyl and ester alkyl side chains on benzotriazole (BZ) central unit and aimed to investigate the effect of different ester substitution positions on photovoltaic performances. All the new SMAs with ester groups exhibit lower the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels and more blue‐shifted absorption, but relatively higher absorption coefficients than alkyl chain counterpart. After blending with the donor PM6, the ester side chain‐based devices demonstrate enhanced charge mobility, reduced amorphous intermixing domain size and long‐lived charge transfer state compared to the alkyl chain counterpart, which are beneficial to achieve higher short‐circuit current density (Jsc) and fill factor (FF), simultaneously. Thereinto, the PM6 : BZ‐E31 based device achieves a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.33 %, which is the highest PCE among the OSCs based on the SMAs with BZ‐core. Our work demonstrated the strategy of ester substituted side chain is a feasible and effective approach to develop more efficient SMAs for OSCs.
Post‐synthetic Rhodium (III) Complexes in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photothermal Heterogeneous C−H Activation
Authors: Li Teng , Zhang Pei‐Lin , Dong Long‐Zhang , Lan Ya‐Qian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough photocatalytic C−H activation has been realized by using heterogeneous catalysts, most of them require high‐temperature conditions to provide the energy required for C−H bond breakage. The catalysts with photothermal conversion properties can catalyze this reaction efficiently at room temperature, but so far, these catalysts have been rarely developed. Here, we construct bifunctional catalysts Rh‐COF‐316 and ‐318 to combine photosensitive covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and transition‐metal catalytic moiety using a post‐synthetic approach. The Rh‐COF enable the heterogeneous C−H activation reaction by photothermal conversion for the first time, and exhibit excellent yields (up to 98 %) and broad scope of substrates in [4+2] annulation at room temperature, while maintaining the high stability and recyclability. Significantly, this work is the highest yield reported so far in porous materials catalyzing C(sp2)−C(sp2) formation at room temperature. The excellent performances can be attributed to the COF‐316, which enhances the photothermal effect (ΔT=50.9 °C), thus accelerating C−H bond activation and the exchange of catalyst with substrates.
Design of compostable toughened PLA/PBAT blend with algae via reactive compatibilization: The effect of algae content on mechanical and thermal properties of bio‐composites
Authors: Letwaba John , Muniyasamy Sudhakar , Lekalakala Rakgoshi , Mavhungu Lucey , Mbaya Richard 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA binary blend of polylactic acid (PLA) and poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT), along with algae in their respective composites, were successfully produced using a melt extrusion process. The produced in‐house coupling agent was used to enhance interfacial adhesion and algae dispersion. The influence of algae content incorporated into the compatibilized binary blend was thoroughly investigated, focusing on the bio‐composites morphology, mechanical, and thermal properties. The addition of PLA‐g‐MA to the binary blend led to notable improvements in the storage modulus, mechanical strength, and thermal properties of the binary blend. Subsequently, the introduction of algae into the compatibilized binary blend further augmented the storage modulus, with an optimum algae concentration of 10 wt%. However, higher algae content led to decreased tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact resilience. The optimal balance of these properties was achieved at an optimal loading of 5–10 wt% of algae into the compatibilized binary blend. The thermal stability of the bio‐composites was notably impacted by algae concentration, with the 10 wt% algae bio‐composite exhibiting increased thermal stability. Increasing algae content correlated with decreased bio‐composite crystallinity. These findings underscore the potential of optimized biobased algae composites for achieving desired mechanical and thermal properties, contributing to the development of sustainable and eco‐friendly polymer bio‐composites.
Effect of trimethylene carbonate segments on the structure and properties of poly(L‐lactide‐glycolide‐trimethylene carbonate) terpolymers for biodegradable vascular stents
Authors: Xia Qi , Liu Dongyang , Jin Qiuming , Zhang Shinuo , Yu Wenjie , Fan Zhongyong , Liu Qing , Cao Lu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe total biodegradable vascular stent made of poly(L‐lactide‐glycolide‐trimethylene carbonate) terpolymers with excellent performances has the potential to be used in a new generation of medical implant devices. In this work, the properties and structure of terpolymers were investigated, which were found to be controlled by the composition of the copolymer chain. The amorphous trimethylene carbonate segments not only disturbed the sequence regularity of the L‐lactide segment, but also reduced the crystallization ability of the material. Furthermore, it is the flexible segments in the terpolymer chains that improve the plastic flow capacity, increase the flexibility of chains as well as reduce the apparent activation energy of thermal degradation of materials. Such a chain structured terpolymer exhibited good extrudability and buildability in 3D printing and formed a vascular stent with a cohesion entanglement characteristic microstructure during the process. The crush resistance with radially applied load and crush resistance with parallel plates of stent were 2561.4 mm Hg and 0.24 N/mm, respectively.
Coupling effect of non‐relaxing and high temperature on fatigue properties of carbon‐black filled isoprene rubber
Authors: Luo Ganfang , Song Ziwei , Guo Jialin , Zhang Chi , Yang Xiaoniu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper presents an extensive experimental investigation on fatigue properties of carbon‐black filled isoprene rubber under complex loadings. A basic life prediction model taking strain energy density as fatigue parameter is first proposed based on fatigue crack growth tests and uniaxial tension fatigue tests under relaxing loads at room temperature. A database of fatigue life including relaxing and non‐relaxing is established through a great number of fatigue tests under five temperatures. Based on the database, two empirical parameters, that is, temperature factor (NRT/NHT) and life reinforcement factor (Re), are introduced to quantitatively characterize the coupling effects of high temperature and non‐relaxing loads on fatigue life. The fatigue mechanisms under different conditions are compared via wide‐angle x‐ray diffraction tests and postmortem analysis. It reveals that the weakening of life reinforcement at high temperatures is closely related to the strain induced crystallization behavior of rubber.
Symptomatic creatine phosphokinase elevation in a Crohn's disease patient caused by upadacitinib
Authors: Schuitema Anna , Anjie Suzanne I. , van Eeghen Agnies M. , Tas Sander W. , Löwenberg Mark 
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical MessageWe present a Crohn's disease patient receiving high dose upadacitinib treatment with elevated CPK levels and myopathy, and provide the reader with practical tips on stopping and restarting upadacitinib, emphasizing the need for adequate monitoring.
Mediastinal hematoma due to traumatic injury to the azygous vein
Authors: Kase Shiori , Shikino Kiyoshi , Katahira Tatsuro , Higuchi Kazuki , Aoki Shinya 
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical MessageRupture of the azygous vein may result from abrupt deceleration applied to the mobile azygous arch, which can initiate shearing forces within the thorax.
Proteome‐wide assessment of human interactome as a source of capturing domain–motif and domain‐domain interactions
Authors: Idrees Sobia , Paudel Keshav Raj 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProtein–protein interactions (PPIs) play a crucial role in various biological processes by establishing domain–motif (DMI) and domain–domain interactions (DDIs). While the existence of real DMIs/DDIs is generally assumed, it is rarely tested; therefore, this study extensively compared high‐throughput methods and public PPI repositories as sources for DMI and DDI prediction based on the assumption that the human interactome provides sufficient data for the reliable identification of DMIs and DDIs. Different datasets from leading high‐throughput methods (Yeast two‐hybrid [Y2H], Affinity Purification coupled Mass Spectrometry [AP‐MS], and Co‐fractionation‐coupled Mass Spectrometry) were assessed for their ability to capture DMIs and DDIs using known DMI/DDI information. High‐throughput methods were not notably worse than PPI databases and, in some cases, appeared better. In conclusion, all PPI datasets demonstrated significant enrichment in DMIs and DDIs (p‐value <0.001), establishing Y2H and AP‐MS as reliable methods for predicting these interactions. This study provides valuable insights for biologists in selecting appropriate methods for predicting DMIs, ultimately aiding in SLiM discovery.
Electrochemical Water Splitting for Scale Hydrogen Production: From the Laboratory to Industrial Applications
Authors: Deng Rongrong , Zhang Bo , Zhang Qibo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHydrogen energy is an important carrier for global energy transformation and development due to its advantages of rich sources, green and carbon‐free, and wide application. The generation of clean hydrogen can be achieved through electrochemical water splitting driven by renewable energy, which has gained wide attention, but its large‐scale industrial application still faces challenges. This review summarizes the research status and bottleneck of industrial hydrogen production via electrolysis in developing electrocatalysts and optimizing electrolytic systems. It highlights that the deviation of electrocatalysts developed in the laboratory and their industrial application in the working environment and evaluation indicators should be corrected. Combining material recycling from solid waste with the recyclable design of electrocatalysts is necessary to achieve low‐cost and sustainable production of high‐performance electrocatalysts. In addition, the future design of hybrid water electrolysis with low energy consumption and the ecological cycle issues that should be addressed in the industrial water electrolysis system are discussed.
Exploring Electrophilic Hydrophosphination via Metal Phosphenium Intermediates
Authors: Belli Roman G. , Muir Vanessa , Dyck Nicholas B. , Pantazis Dimitrios A. , Sousa Tânia P. A. , Slusar Carly R. , Parkin Hayley C. , Rosenberg Lisa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTwo Mo(0) phosphenium complexes containing ancillary secondary phosphine ligands have been investigated with respect to their ability to participate in electrophilic addition at unsaturated substrates and subsequent P−H hydride transfer to “quench” the resulting carbocations. These studies provide stoichiometric “proof of concept” for a proposed new metal‐catalyzed electrophilic hydrophosphination mechanism. The more strongly Lewis acidic phosphenium complex, [Mo(CO)4(PR2H)(PR2)]+ (R=Ph, Tolp), cleanly hydrophosphinates 1,1‐diphenylethylene, benzophenone, and ethylene, while other substrates react rapidly to give products resulting from competing electrophilic processes. A less Lewis acidic complex, [Mo(CO)3(PR2H)2(PR2)]+, generally reacts more slowly but participates in clean hydrophosphination of a wider range of unsaturated substrates, including styrene, indene, 1‐hexene, and cyclohexanone, in addition to 1,1‐diphenylethylene, benzophenone, and ethylene. Mechanistic studies are described, including stoichiometric control reactions and computational and kinetic analyses, which probe whether the observed P−H addition actually does occur by the proposed electrophilic mechanism, and whether hydridic P−H transfer in this system is intra‐ or intermolecular. Preliminary reactivity studies indicate challenges that must be addressed to exploit these promising results in catalysis.
Key Insights on the Classification and Theranostic Applications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents
Authors: Kaur Jasleen , Sridharr Manasvini 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non‐invasive molecular imaging tool being extensively employed in clinical and biomedical research for the detection of a broad spectrum of diseases. This technique offers remarkable spatial resolution, good tissue penetration and a high soft tissue contrast. Contrast agents (CAs) have been regularly used in MRI tests to enhance the resolution of MR images and to visualize the diseased sites in the body. In the past years, considerable efforts have been devoted towards developing new theranostic MRI agents that can be tailored to integrate the targeting and therapeutic functions in a single agent. In this review, we have underlined the role of the MRI CAs in the developing field of ‘theranostics’ and their recent applications in the combined imaging and therapy of different types of tumors. In addition, this review also outlines the different categories of MRI CAs and their comprehensive classification based on different criteria such as chemical composition, relaxation mechanism and biodistribution with clinically relevant examples.
Making progress against rare cancers: A case study on neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: O’Rorke Michael , Chrischilles Elizabeth ,   the NET‐PRO Study Investigators
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn April 2023, the National Cancer Institute offered a roadmap for cancer research to achieve Cancer Moonshot goals. To reach these goals requires making progress for all cancers, not just those that are most common. Achieving progress against rare cancers, as well as common cancers, requires involvement of large clinical research networks. In 2020, the Patient‐Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) launched an initiative on Conducting Rare Disease Research using PCORnet, the National Patient‐Centered Clinical Research Network. The purpose of this commentary is to introduce the broader community of cancer researchers to the PCORnet NET‐PRO study (comparing the effects of different treatment approaches for neuroendocrine tumors on patient‐reported outcomes) thereby demonstrating how researchers can use the PCORnet infrastructure to conduct large‐scale patient‐centered studies of rare cancers.
Survival difference between secondary and de novo acute myeloid leukemia by age, antecedent cancer types, and chemotherapy receipt
Authors: Sedeta Ephrem , Jemal Ahmedin , Nisotel Lauren , Sung Hyuna 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study compared the survival of persons with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) to those with de novo AML (dnAML) by age at AML diagnosis, chemotherapy receipt, and cancer type preceding sAML diagnosis.MethodsData from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 17 Registries were used, which included 47,704 individuals diagnosed with AML between 2001 and 2018. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compare AML‐specific survival between sAML and dnAML. Trends in 5‐year age‐standardized relative survival were examined via the Joinpoint survival model.ResultsOverall, individuals with sAML had an 8% higher risk of dying from AML (hazard ratio [HR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–1.11) compared to those with dnAML. Disparities widened with younger age at diagnosis, particularly in those who received chemotherapy for AML (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.10–1.19). In persons aged 20–64 years and who received chemotherapy, HRs were greatest for those with antecedent myelodysplastic syndrome (HR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.83–2.28), ovarian cancer (HR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.19–3.08), head and neck cancer (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.02–2.36), leukemia (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.12–1.89), and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.20–1.69). Among those aged ≥65 years and who received chemotherapy, HRs were highest for those with antecedent cervical cancer (HR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.15–5.10) and myelodysplastic syndrome (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.19–1.38). The 5‐year relative survival improved 0.3% per year for sAML slower than 0.86% per year for dnAML. Consequently, the survival gap widened from 7.2% (95% CI, 5.4%–9.0%) during the period 2001–2003 to 14.3% (95% CI, 12.8%–15.8%) during the period 2012–2014.ConclusionsSignificant survival disparities exist between sAML and dnAML on the basis of age at diagnosis, chemotherapy receipt, and antecedent cancer, which highlights opportunities to improve outcomes among those diagnosed with sAML.
Deciphering stage 0 hematogones by flow cytometry in follow‐up bone marrow samples of pediatric B—Acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases: A potential mimicker of residual disease after anti CD19 therapy
Authors: Ramalingam Thulasi Raman , Vaidhyanathan Lakshman , Muthu Anurekha , Swaminathan Venkateswaran Vellaichamy , Uppuluri Ramya , Raj Revathi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCD19 is frequently targeted for immunotherapy in B cell malignancies, which may result in loss of CD19 expression in leukemic cells as an escape mechanism. Stage 0 hematogones (Hgs) are normal CD19‐negative very early B cell precursors that can be potentially mistaken for CD19 negative residual leukemic cells by flow cytometry (FCM) in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP‐ALL) cases treated with anti CD19 therapy. Our main objective was to characterize and study the incidence of stage 0 hematogones in follow‐up bone marrow samples of pediatric BCP‐ALL cases. We analyzed the flow cytometry standard files of 61 pediatric BCP‐ALL cases treated with conventional chemotherapy and targeted anti‐CD19 therapy, for identifying the residual disease and normal B cell precursors including stage 0 Hgs. A non‐CD19 alternate gating strategy was used to isolate the B cells for detecting the residual disease and stage 0 Hgs. The stage 0 Hgs were seen in 95% of marrow samples containing CD19+ Hgs. When compared with controls and posttransplant marrow samples, the fraction of stage 0 Hgs was higher in patients receiving anti CD19 therapy (p = 0.0048), but it was not significant when compared with patients receiving chemotherapy (p = 0.1788). Isolated stage 0 Hgs are found in samples treated with anti‐CD19 therapy simulating CD19 negative residual illness. Our findings aid in understanding the stage 0 Hgs and its association with CD19+ Hgs in anti CD19 therapy and conventional chemotherapy. This is crucial as it can be potentially mistaken for residual disease in patients treated with anti CD19 therapy.