bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flutter instability characteristics and mechanisms of Ziegler double pendulum with arbitrary mass, stiffness and damping
Authors: Wang Xiaochen , Fan Chenguang , Yang Shuo , Yang Zhichun , Yang Yiren , Sinapius Michael 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

In this paper, the flutter instability characteristics and mechanisms of the weakly damped Ziegler double pendulum subjected to the follower type circular loading are investigated. The double pendulum is assumed to be with arbitrary masse, stiffness and damping. Different with the existed mathematical analysis methods, the pendulum flutter instability conditions and the corresponding critical parameters are theoretically deduced and evaluated based on an energy method with clear physical meanings. By introducing the ratio parameters of the structural mass, stiffness and damping coefficients, the complex influences of the structural mass, stiffness and damping are discussed in details. In addition to the counter-intuitive “damping Ziegler Paradox” influence, the stabilizing and destabilizing influences of the pendulum’s mass and stiffness are observed and investigated. To clarify these complex influences, the power flow characteristics on the pendulum flutter instability occurrence are investigated. The results indicate that the mass or stiffness related powers on each coordinate constitute the two “power exchange twins”, and can affect the related destabilizing or stabilizing influences of the pendulum mass and stiffness, while the “damping Ziegler Paradox” influence can be affected by the energy transmission efficiency between the stiffness related powers on each coordinate. Correspondingly the flutter instability physical mechanisms are clarified for the first time from the energy perspectives.
The Effect of Advanced Age on Peri- and Post-operative Complications Following Pelvic Floor Repair Surgeries
Authors: Shelef Goni , Rotchild Matan , Sade Shanny , Shoham Ilana Vardi , Weintraub Adi Y. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To assess whether advanced age is a risk factor for complications following pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair surgeries using the Clavien-Dindo classification system.
Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, 260 women who had undergone POP repair surgery at the Soroka University Medical Center (SUMC) between the years 2017–2019 were included. A univariate analysis was conducted to compare the demographical, clinical, obstetrical and operative characteristics of patients by age group (younger or older than 70 years). We performed a similar analysis to assess for the possible association between several variables and post-operative complications. Variables that were found to be associated with post-operative complications (P < 0.2) were included in a multivariate analysis along with advanced age.
Results
During the 12 months follow-up period, more than half of the women had experienced at least one post-operative complication. Minor complications (grades 1–2 according to the Clavian-Dindo classification system) were the most common. One woman had died during the follow-up period, and none had experienced organ failure (grade 4). Hysterectomy, as part of POP surgery, was found to be significantly associated with post-operative complications. Additionally, grandmultiparity (> 5 births) showed a tendency towards an increased risk for post-operative complications, however this reached only borderline significance. We found no association between advanced age and post-operative complications.
Conclusions
POP repair surgeries are safe for women of all ages. Major complications (grades 3–5) are rare in all age groups. Although advanced age was associated with a higher prevalence of comorbidity and a higher grade of prolapse, no significant difference in the post-operative complications was found between age groups. Concomitant hysterectomy at the time of POP repair surgery is a risk factor for post-operative complications.
Effects of external magnetic field on flow separation, control and reattachment
Authors: Shenoy Vinayak Vinod , S AJITH KUMAR 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The paper attempts to analyze the effect of transverse magnetic field on flow over a backward-facing inclined step using the open-source CFD solver OpenFOAM. The equations governing the twodimensional, incompressible, laminar, electrically conducting flow are discretized and solved using the PISO algorithm. The simulations are conducted for various backward step angles (10◦ ≤ α ≤90◦) and Hartmann Numbers (0≤ M ≤30) at fixed kinematic (Re) and magnetic (Rem) Reynolds Numbers of 100 and 0.04 respectively. The influence of step angle and Hartmann number on the reattachment length is explored with the help of streamlines, streamwise pressure gradient, and velocity profiles.
Spatiotemporal transcriptome analysis reveals that conversion of IKFZ1-mediated microglia underlies a therapy for intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: qiu wenqiao , mei jie , tian jie , Gao Mou , guo Lili , xu tao , liu wei , Zhu Jianwei , zhang yi , hou xiaolin , xie yao , Xiong Huan , li xinda , wang yangyang , gao mingjun , wu anguo , chen longyi , Huang Lulin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a type of stroke with high morbidity and mortality. Activation of microglia in response to ICH can lead to neuroinflammation, which can further exacerbate brain damage and neuronal death. By integration of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptome (ST) technologies in rat ICH model, we demonstrated that a microglia subtype (MIkzf1) with strong expression of Ikzf1 exhibits a stage-specific response to ICH around the damaged region. MIkzf1 expressed neuroinflammatory factors and markedly drove neuronal damage by accelerated pyroptosis. By downregulation of Ikzf1, MIkzf1 can be converted to promoting neuronal remodeling microglia subtype MPtn (high expression of Ptn), a neurite growth-promoting subtype, accompanied by the improved ICH outcome. Thus, Ikzf1 is an important promoter of pathogenic microglia MIkzf1 in ICH and suppressing Ikzf1 can reverse MIkzf1 to the repair subtype MPtn. These findings underscore the potential role of Ikzf1 as a new therapeutic target for ICH.
Demonstration of molecular chirality discrimination by resonance Raman scattering
Authors: Eginligil Mustafa , Zhao Shengkai , Baltabayeva Balzhan , Zhang Mingrui , Wang Jianmin , Hao Yufeng , Huang Wei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The pseudo-Jahn-Teller (PJT) effect, a direct indicator of molecular instability, can be the reason of sub-meV split degenerate electronic states that can be used to discriminate enantiomers. In the exemplar chiral molecule of camphor (C10H16O), the nondegenerate vibrational states were previously identified, but there has been no evidence of PJT states. Here, linearly polarized Raman measurements were employed to demonstrate the PJT states, with splitting of 1.8 ± 0.2 cm-1, for scattering by chiral centers on carbon ring of camphor. This observation is attributed to the symmetry reduction and chirality-dependent C3 symmetry becoming intact by placing camphor on a SiO2/Si substrate. The depolarization ratio, the noncoincidence effect, and the molecular chirality-dependent polarization rotation of the PJT states manifested a clear distinction between enantiomers. More importantly, quantification of chirality was possible based on the occupancy of the PJT states at the depolarized state, which is applicable to similar chiral molecules.
TGEV non-structural protein ORF3b up-regulates the expression of SLA-DR at transcriptional level in monocyte-derived porcine dendritic cells
Authors: Ma Mengyao , Jia Xinhao , Liu hang , Qian Mengwei , Pang Bo , Zhang Honglei , Ma Shijie , zheng lanlan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is a porcine intestinal pathogenic coronavirus that can cause acute intestinal diseases in pigs, especially in suckling pigletsunder two weeks with the mortality rate of 100%. Dendritic cell (DC) is an important antigen-presenting cell (APC), which plays vital roles in the initiation and regulation of immune responses in animals. In this study, we have used monocyte-derived porcine DCs as the in vitro model of APC to further study the pathogenic mechanism of TGEV. Our results revealed that TGEV could replicate in the monocyte-derived porcine DCs, while UV-inactivated TGEV failed to infect the cells. Notably, we found that TGEV infection of DCs resulted in a significant increase of the expression of swine leukocyte antigen II DR (SLA-DR), a vital molecule of the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) family. And we further demonstrated that TGEV non-structural protein ORF3b significantly promoted the expression of SLA-DR at the transcriptional level in porcine DCs. The results of this study help us better clarify the pathogenic mechanism of TGEV.
Test-Retest Repeatability of Patlak Slopes versus Standardized Uptake Values for Hypermetabolic Lesions and Normal Organs in an Oncologic PET/CT Population
Authors: Ince Semra , Laforest Richard , Ashrafinia Saeed , Smith Anne M. , Fraum Tyler J. , Wahl Richard L. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to determine the test-retest repeatability of quantitative metrics based on the Patlak slope (PS) versus the standardized uptake value (SUV) among lesions and normal organs on oncologic [18F]FDG-PET/CT.
Procedures: This prospective, single-center study enrolled adults undergoing standard-of-care oncologic [18F]FDG-PET/CTs. Early (35-50 min post-injection) and late (75-90 min post-injection) SUV and PS images were reconstructed from dynamic whole-body PET data. Repeat imaging occurred within 7 days. Relevant quantitative metrics were extracted from lesions and normal organs. Repeatability was assessed via mean test-retest percent changes [T-RT %Δ], within-subject coefficients of variation (wCVs), and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs).
Results: Nine subjects (mean age, 61.7 ± 6.2 years; 6 females) completed the test-retest protocol. Four subjects collectively had 17 [18F]FDG-avid lesions. Lesion wCVs were higher (i.e., worse repeatability) for PS-early-max (16.2%) and PS-early-peak (15.6%) than for SUV-early-max (8.9%) and SUV-early-peak (8.1%), with similar early metric ICCs (0.95-0.98). Lesion wCVs were similar for PS-late-max (8.5%) and PS-late-peak (6.4%) relative to SUV-late-max (9.7%) and SUV-late-peak (7.2%), with similar late metric ICCs (0.93-0.98). There was a significant bias toward higher retest SUV and PS values in the lesion analysis (T-RT %Δ [95% CI]: SUV-late-max, 10.0% [2.6%, 17.0%]; PS-late-max, 20.4% [14.3%, 26.4%]) but not in the normal organ analysis.
Conclusion: Among [18F]FDG-avid lesions, the repeatability of PS-based metrics is similar to equivalent SUV-based metrics at late post-injection time points, making PS-based metrics suitable for tracking response to oncologic therapies. However, evaluation was somewhat limited by a bias toward higher retest values.
Diversity of Desmids in the Thattekkad Bird Sanctuary, Kerala, India: A Comprehensive Exploration
Authors: Bibina Puthuvalnikarthil Babu , Praseetha Ambazhathodi Prabhakaran , Ammini Chenathuparmbil Jose , Sreeku Vadakkethil Balakrishnan , Paul Parapully Tessy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Desmids are a group of exclusively freshwater green algae known for their remarkably diverse and captivating forms. Desmids are valued organisms due to their exceptional sensitivity to environmental changes, so they are considered to be potential tools for effective aquatic conservation management. The present study tries to account for the diversity of desmids in Thattekkad Bird Sanctuary, situated in Ernakulam District, the first Bird Sanctuary in Kerala and lies within the geographical limits of 10°08′ N 76°41′ E and 10.13° N 76.68° E. The study was carried out over a period of one year, from March 2022 to April 2023, and identified a total of seventy-four taxa, which are distributed under four families and 18 genera. Predominant genera included were Cosmarium (21), Euastrum (12), and Staurastrum (8). Notably Heimansia pusilla (L. Hilse) Coesel, Euastrum praemorsum (Nordstedt) Schmidle, Euastrum jenneri W. Archer, Staurastrum saltans Joshua var. javanicum Scott and Prescott, Cosmarium clepsydra Nordstedt var. bicardia (Reinsch) Croasdale are new reports to India, five species are new reports to Kerala and all species being novel to Thattekkad Bird sanctuary.
Characterization of Rice Accessions using Info-chemical and Visual Cues Emitted to Biologically Control Diopsis apicalis Dalman
Authors: Bocco Roland , Pegalepo Esther , Tamò Manuele , Togola Abou , Gandonou Christophe Bernard , Ndjiondjop Marie Noelle , Nwilene Francis , Sow Mounirou 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study assessed the host plant selection behavior of female stalk-eyed flies (SEF) or Diopsis apicalis, where a Y-tube olfactometer was used to compare the attractiveness of SEF to the odor of leaves from four rice varieties (ITA306, WAB56-104, CG14, and RAM55). Another step of the evaluation consisted of pairing leaf odors from two rice varieties. Also, potted plants of the tested varieties were displayed in a screened cage and submitted to SEF female selection. Results showed that the odor produced by leaves from rice varieties CG14, WAB56-104, and ITA306 significantly attracted SEF with 81%, 70%, and 97%, respectively, while SEF females were rarely attracted by the odor of leaves from the resistant rice variety RAM55 with 35%. Results suggested that the use of a Y-tube olfactometer was similar to that obtained in the case of a screened cage. Resistance exhibited by rice variety CG14 against SEF is related to an antibiosis mechanism, while that in RAM55 is an antixenosis one. The authors recommend CG14 and RAM55 as candidates for breeding to create resistant lines against SEF.
Ensemble-based design of tau to inhibit aggregation while preserving biological activity
Authors: Joachimiak Lukasz , Bali Sofia , Singh Ruhar , Wydorski Pawel , Wosztyl Aleksandra , Perez Valerie , Chen Dailu , Rizo Josep 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The microtubule-associated protein tau is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases characterized by amyloid formation. Mutations associated with frontotemporal dementia increase tau aggregation propensity and disrupt its endogenous microtubule-binding activity. The structural relationship between aggregation propensity and biological activity remains unclear. We employed a multi-disciplinary approach, including computational modeling, NMR, cross-linking mass spectrometry, and cell models to design tau sequences that stabilize its structural ensemble. Our findings reveal that substitutions near the conserved ‘PGGG’ beta-turn motif can modulate local conformation, more stably engaging in interactions with the 306VQIVYK311 amyloid motif to decrease aggregation in vitro and in cells. Designed tau sequences maintain microtubule binding and explain why 3R isoforms of tau exhibit reduced pathogenesis over 4R isoforms. We propose a simple mechanism to reduce the formation of pathogenic species while preserving biological function, offering insights for therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing protein misfolding in neurodegenerative diseases.
Development of a parametric design and optimization platform for a helicopter tail-rotor driveline
Authors: Huang Zhonghe , Dong Jianxiong , Sang Yanwei , Liu Chuliang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

A helicopter tail-rotor driveline incorporates multiple shafts, couplings, and dampers to transmit power from the middle gear to the tail propeller. Designers face a challenge in adjusting parameters for these components due to a lack of reference information on parameter design and optimization. To address this gap, this study presents a parametric design software platform for facilitating parameter analysis and optimization. A mathematical model is developed to capture the system behavior and precise boundary conditions, considering all relevant components and their interactions. The software design issues, basic modules, architecture, and interfaces are developed using MATLAB App Designer. Generative design is employed to create a damper's parameters optimization function, combining a design-driven process with analytical calculations and expandable multi-objective algorithms. A numerical calculation module and a response analysis module are designed to present comprehensive dynamic responses. The software is utilized to simulate a helicopter tail-rotor driveline, providing insights into multi-stage damping characteristics and the combined effects of rub impact and misalignment. A multi-objective optimization case is conducted by generative design module to enhance damping and durability of the damper. The simulation results of the software are validated using test results from a test rig designed to mimic an actual helicopter tail-rotor driveline. This study serves as a valuable reference for software development in shaft/damper systems and similar rotor machinery.
Prediction Model for Lateral Lymph Node Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Children and Adolescents Based on Ultrasound Imaging and Clinical Features: a retrospective study
Authors: Lin Shiyang , Zhong Yuan , Lin Yidi , Liu Guangjian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Lateral lymph node metastases (LNM) for pediatric patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is an independent risk factor for recurrence. We aimed to identify risk factors and establish a prediction model for lateral LNM before surgery in children and adolescents with PTC.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted with data obtained from 63 minors with PTC between 2014 and 2023. The clinical factors, ultrasound (US) features of primary tumor, and pathology records of patients were collected and analyzed. Categorical variables were analyzed using the χ2 test. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent predictors. The prediction model is established from the regression coefficient. The area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive performance of risk factors and the combined predictor.
Results
21 minors with PTC had lateral LNM (33.3%). Logistic regression revealed that independent risk factors of lateral LNM were multifocality, tumor size, sex, and age. The prediction model is: 6.48–2.87 × Tumor size- 1.57 × Multifocality- 2.43 × Sex- 4.06 × Age. Compared to single risk factor, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the combined predictors was significantly higher (0.842) with a sensitivity of 71.4% and a specificity of 81.0%.
Conclusions
The independent risk factors for lateral LNM were multifocality and tumor size of primary tumor on US imaging, sex and age. Our model provides better performance than US imaging and clinical features along in predicting the status of lateral LNM for minors PTC patients.
Assessment of Watershed Governance from an Ecological-Socioeconomic Perspective: A Case Study of the Liaohe River, China
Authors: Guo Manman , Lu Xu , Ma Qing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Watersheds encompass not only ecological spaces but also socio-economic domains. Watershed governance constitutes a distinct form of ecological restoration, and the efficacy of assessing its ecological benefits contributes to the harmonious development of ecosystems and social systems. Utilizing the Liaohe River Basin in China as a case study, this research explores a novel methodology for ecological benefit assessment. Firstly, we assessed the ecological benefits of watershed governance by using the uint-value transfer method corrected by the ecological, economic and socio-political indicators: the total ESV of Liaohe River Basin increased from 82.99 billion yuan in 2010 to 93.57 billion yuan in 2015, and then to 105.59 billion yuan in 2020, with the growth space of ESV had spread from lines to ribbons along rivers, from mainstreams to tributaries, and from scattered points to contiguous patches in watersheds. Secondly, the new assessment units were redefined by the way of “Watershed + District”, which combining ecological integrity and governance feasibility. Finally, by calculating coupling coordination degree of land use-cover change (LUCC) and ecosystem services values (ESV), we identified the more efficient types of LUCC and the methods of ecological restoration. By comprehensively considering the ecological attributes and socio-economic attributes of watershed governance, our study not only assessed the ecological benefits of watershed governance but, more importantly, provided a method for applying the assessment results to the organization and implementation of watershed governance.
Capillary Electrophoresis-Based Immobilized Enzyme Microreactor Utilizing Pepsin for Bottom-Up Proteomics
Authors: Ghafourifar Golfam , Frey Connor , Arad Maor , Ku Kenneth , Hare Rhien 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, we introduced a novel method for pepsin immobilization through investigation into three different coupling reactions, aiming to simplify peptide mapping. We initially determined the optimal enzyme-to-substrate ratio to be 1:0.1 (mass:mass) for highest peptidic peak count via UV-detection. The study began with three coupling strategies, the triethoxysilylbutyraldehyde derivative, 4-triethoxysilylbutanoic acid (4-TESBA) approach proving most effective. The resultant coupled enzyme particles (CEPs) showcased robustness and fast digestion at varying temperatures. We streamlined the CEP wash procedure from our previous work, while maintaining the quality of digestions. The physical size of CEPs did not correlate to digestion efficiency, providing insights for potential cost-saving in enzyme utilization. Further optimization led to an immobilization efficiency of 50.8 ± 7.7% (SEM) as validated by Bradford’s assay. Adapting this method for in-situ immobilized enzyme microreactor (IMER) fabrication, we discovered that 4-TESBA could dual-serve by functionalizing the silica capillary’s inner wall while simultaneously acting as an enzyme coupler, plus being a safer alternative to 3-(Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES). A dipeptide was successfully fully cleaved, and a variety of proteins were digested with the IMER. The bovine serum albumin (BSA) digestion through the IMER, mirroring CEP digestion conditions, yielded a 33-40% primary sequence coverage per LC-MS/MS analysis in as short as 15 minutes. Our findings underscore the potential of our method in both CEP and IMER fabrication scenarios, paving the way for enhanced analysis and a reduction in enzyme usage, thereby contributing to more cost-effective and timely proteomic investigations.