bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-Talk between Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/AKT and c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase Mediates Survival of Isolated Human Islets
Authors: Aikin Reid , Maysinger Dusica , Rosenberg Lawrence 
Published: July 2004

AbstractTherapeutic strategies aimed at the inhibition of specific cell death mechanisms may increase islet yield and improve cell viability and function after routine isolation. The aim of the current study was to explore the possibility of AKT-JNK cross-talk in islets after isolation and the relevance of c-jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK) suppression on islet survival. After routine isolation, increased AKT activity correlated with suppression of JNK activation, suggesting that they may be related events. Indeed, the increase in AKT activation after isolation correlated with suppression of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), a kinase acting upstream of JNK, by phosphorylation at Ser83. We therefore examined whether modulators of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling affected JNK activation. PI3K inhibition led to increased JNK phosphorylation and islet cell death, which could be reversed by the specific JNK inhibitor SP600125. In addition, IGF-I suppressed cytokine-mediated JNK activation in a PI3K-dependent manner. We also demonstrate that inhibition of PI3K rendered islets more susceptible to cytokine-mediated cell death. SP600125 transiently protected islets from cytokine-mediated cell death, suggesting that JNK may not be necessary for cytokine-induced cell death. When administered immediately after isolation, SP600125 improved islet survival and function, even 48 h after removal of SP600125, suggesting that JNK inhibition by SP600125 may be a viable strategy for improving isolated islet survival. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PI3K/AKT suppresses the JNK pathway in islets, and this cross-talk represents an important antiapoptotic consequence of PI3K/AKT activation.
Role of Growth Hormone (GH) in Liver Regeneration
Authors: Pennisi Patricia A. , Kopchick John J. , Thorgeirsson Snorri , LeRoith Derek , Yakar Shoshana 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Liver regeneration is a fundamental mechanism by which the liver responds to injury. This process is regulated by endogenous growth factors and cytokines, and it involves proliferation of all mature cells that exist within the intact organ. To understand the role of the GH/IGF-I axis in liver regeneration, we performed partial hepatectomies in three groups of mice: GH antagonist (GHa) transgenic mice, in which the action of GH is blocked; liver IGF-I-deficient mice that lack IGF-I specifically in the liver and also lack the acid-labile subunit (ALS; LID+ALSKO mice), in which IGF-I levels are very low and GH secretion is increased; and control mice. Interestingly, the survival rate of GHa transgenic mice was dramatically reduced after partial hepatectomy (57%) compared with the survival rate of controls (100%) or LID+ALSKO mice (88%). In control mice, the liver was completely regenerated after 4 d, whereas liver regeneration required 7 d in LID+ALSKO mice. In contrast, in GHa mice, liver regeneration reached only 70% of the original liver mass after 4 d and did not improve thereafter. Strikingly, 36 and 48 h after hepatectomy, the livers of control and LID+ALSKO mice, respectively, exhibited intense 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) staining, whereas BrdU staining was dramatically decreased in the livers of GHa-treated mice. These results suggest that GH plays a critical role in liver regeneration, although whether it acts directly or indirectly remains to be determined.
Reexpression of p8 Contributes to Tumorigenic Properties of Pituitary Cells and Appears in a Subset of Prolactinomas in Transgenic Mice that Hypersecrete Luteinizing Hormone
Authors: Mohammad Helai P. , Seachrist Darcie D. , Quirk Christine C. , Nilson John H. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractTargeted overexpression of LH in transgenic mice causes hyperproliferation of Pit-1-positive pituitary cells and development of functional adenomas. To characterize gene expression changes associated with pituitary tumorigenesis, we performed microarray studies using Affymetrix GeneChips comparing expression profiles from pituitary tumors in LH-overexpressing mice to wild-type control pituitaries. We identified a number of candidate genes with altered expression in pituitary tumors. One of these, p8 (candidate of metastasis-1), encodes a native high-mobility group-like transcription factor previously shown to be necessary for ras-mediated transformation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts and also implicated in breast cancer progression. Herein, we show that expression of p8, normally quiescent in adult pituitary, localizes to tumor foci containing lactotropes, suggesting a linkage with their transformation. To further establish the functional significance of p8 in pituitary tumorigenesis, we constructed several clonal cell lines with reduced expression of p8 from a parent GH3 somatolactotrope cell line. These clonal derivates, along with the parent cell line, were tested for tumorigenicity by injection into athymic mice. When compared with wild-type GH3 with higher levels of p8, GH3 cells with reduced expression of p8 displayed attenuated tumor development or failed to develop tumors at all. Similar results were obtained with gonadotrope-derived cell lines that displayed reduced expression of p8. Together, these data suggest that maintenance of the transformed phenotype of pituitary GH3 cells requires expression of p8 and that it may play a similar role when reexpressed in a subset of lactotropes that form prolactinomas in vivo.
Ab Initio Extended Density Functional Theory for Strongly Correlated Electron Systems: Fundamental Aspects of the Broken-Symmetry Approach and Possible Applications for Molecular Material Design
Authors: Yamanaka Shusuke , Yamaguchi Kizashi 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
We review the extended density functional theory (DFT), in which we make full use of the broken-symmetry feature of the Kohn–Sham (KS) DFT. The theory is based on the classification of broken-symmetry solutions of the Hartree–Fock theory, which has been developed by some precursors in the field “broken-symmetry quantum chemistry”. We describe the fundamental characteristics of the DFT based on generalized spin orbitals (GSOs) in relation to the extension of the constrained search region of DFT. In addition, some important applications, such as noncollinear magnetism of multicenter radicals and radical dissociation followed by spin rotations that are firstly enabled by the use of the GSO-DFT, are presented. Furthermore, future directions covering quantum fluctuations between several collective modes, ab initio molecular dynamics, and relativistic phenomena are also described from the viewpoint of search regions of the extended DFT.
Insertion of Phenylacetylene into [Pt(GeMe3)(SnMe3)(PMe2Ph)2]
Authors: Sagawa Takashi , Tanaka Rika , Ozawa Fumiyuki 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
The reaction of Me3GeSnMe3 with a platinum(0) complex, in situ generated from [Pt(cod)2] (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) and 2 molar quantity of PMe2Ph in Et2O, formed a cis–trans mixture of [Pt(GeMe3)(SnMe3)(PMe2Ph)2] (1). Recrystallization of crude 1 from CH2Cl2–pentane gave pure cis-1, while the isolated cis isomer was again converted to an equilibrium mixture (cis:trans = 8:2) in solution. The cis–trans mixture of 1 underwent competitive insertion of phenylacetylene into Pt–Sn and Pt–Ge bonds to give cis-[Pt(GeMe3){C(Ph)=CH(SnMe3)}(PMe2Ph)2] (2a) and cis-[Pt{C(Ph)=CH(GeMe3)}(SnMe3)(PMe2Ph)2] (3a), respectively, in a ratio of 80:20, while 2a was thermodynamically less stable, and converted to 3a in solution. The insertion mechanism was examined by kinetic investigations.
Selective Detection of Human Serum Albumin Using a Fused-Silica Capillary Modified with Anti-Human Serum Albumin
Authors: Tsukagoshi Kazuhiko , Indou Hirofumi , Sawanoi Kaori , Oguni Takako , Nakajima Riichiro 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
A fused-silica capillary modified with anti-human serum albumin was prepared using the glutaraldehyde method after activating the inner wall with a silane coupling reagent. The antibody selectively interacted via an immune reaction with the human serum albumin, which acted as an antigen. The analytical performance of the modified capillary was examined by capillary affinity chromatography using either absorption or chemiluminescence detection. The capillary affinity chromatography required only minimal reagents and samples due to the extremely small diameter of the capillary. For chemiluminescence detection, a peroxyoxalate reagent was used and human serum albumin was labeled with fluorescamine for competitive immunoassay. After optimization of the analytical conditions, chemiluminescence detection showed a higher sensitivity than absorption detection. Furthermore, a modified capillary was also used in capillary electrophoresis with the absorption detector to allow affinity capillary electrophoresis.
The Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Perovskites Ba3Ln2MO9 (Ln = Lanthanides; M = Mo, W)
Authors: Oyama Shigeaki , Doi Yoshihiro , Hinatsu Yukio , Ishii Yoshinobu 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
The synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of quaternary oxides Ba3Ln2MO9 (Ln = Y, Sm–Gd, Dy–Lu for M = Mo; Ln = Y, Sm–Lu for M = W) are reported. Their powder X-ray diffraction measurements and Rietveld analysis showed that they have a “disordered” perovskite structure, i.e., BaLn2/3M1/3O3 except for Ba3Tb2WO9, and that their structures are monoclinic with space group I2/c (Ln = Y, Sm–Gd, Dy–Yb for M = Mo; Ln = Y, Sm–Lu for M = W) or cubic with space group Pmm (Ln = Lu for M = Mo). Powder neutron diffraction measurements showed that Ba3Tb2WO9 has an ordered perovskite structure and is monoclinic with space group P21/n. Magnetic susceptibility measurements showed that all the Ba3Ln2MO9 compounds are paramagnetic down to 1.8 K. The Tb ions of Ba3Tb2WO9 are in the mixed valence state (+3, +4). Through 151Eu Mössbauer measurements on Ba3Eu2MoO9 and Ba3Eu2WO9, it was found that the Eu ion is in the trivalent state, and that the symmetry of the Eu site is distorted from the octahedral symmetry.
Prebiotic Inhibitory Activity of Protein-Like Molecules to the Template-Directed Formation of Oligoguanylate from Guanosine 5′-Monophosphate 2-Methylimidazolide on a Polycytidylic Acid Template
Authors: Kawamura Kunio , Kuranoue Kazuhiro , Nagahama Minoru 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
The influence of thermal copolymers of amino acids (TCAA) as a primitive protein enzyme model has been investigated to detect catalytic and/or inhibitory activities on the template-directed formation of oligoguanylate (oligo(G)) from guanosine 5′-monophosphate 2-methylimidazolide (2-MeImpG) on a polycytidylic acid template (poly(C)) (TD reaction). Different amino acids and compositions were used to prepare TCAAs. These TCAAs were characterized by gel filtration HPLC and the composition analysis of amino acids using phenyl isothiocyanate. It was found that TCAA including His (TCAA-His) has inhibitory activity to the TD reaction, in which TCAA-His accelerates the hydrolysis of 2-MeImpG. Other types of TCAAs, including Gly, Ala, Val, Glu, and Asp, also accelerate the formation of P1,P2-bis(5′-guanosyl) diphosphate (G5′ppG) and G5′ppG incorporated oligo(G)s during the TD reaction at high concentrations of TCAAs. These reactions are considered as primitive enzyme models for the hydrolysis of nucleotide monomer and the formation of pyrophosphate-containing oligo(G).
The Synthesis of Metal-Free Phthalocyanines from Phthalonitriles with Hexamethyldisilazane
Authors: Uchida Hitoshi , Yoshiyama Hideyuki , Reddy Paidi Yella , Nakamura Shuichi , Toru Takeshi 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Metal-free phthalocyanines were prepared in good yields by heating phthalonitriles with hexamethyldisilazane, (NH4)2SO4, and DMF. Good yields of metal-free phthalocyanines involving peripherally substituted phthalocyanines were attained with a catalytic amount of hexamethyldisilazane. Naphthalocyanine was also prepared. Additional additives were examined to accelerate the formation of the phthalocyanine framework.
Unique and Convenient Use of Raney Nickel for the Reduction of Aryl Bromides, Benzyl Alcohols, Benzyl Ethers, and Benzylamines in an Acidic Medium
Authors: Okimoto Mitsuhiro , Takahashi Yukio , Nagata Yuji , Satoh Masanori , Sueda Satoru , Yamashina Tsunaki 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
A simple and convenient method for laboratory-scale reduction using Raney nickel is described. The reaction was achieved by the inclusion of sulfuric acid to a mixture of a substrate and Raney nickel. Using this method, several aryl bromides, benzyl alcohols, benzyl ethers, and benzylamines were cleaved at the carbon–bromine bond or at the benzylic position to afford corresponding hydrogenated products in good yields without the use of compressed hydrogen gas and without requiring any special apparatus.
Zinc-Induced Deoximation of α,α′-Dioxo-Type Oximes and Oxime Ethers Leading to α,β-Diketo Esters
Authors: Ryu Ilhyong , Kuriyama Hiroki , Miyazato Hironari , Minakata Satoshi , Komatsu Mitsuo , Yoon Joo-Yong , Kim Sunggak 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
The deoximation of a variety of α,α′-dioxo-type oximes and oxime ethers was achieved under mild conditions using zinc/AcOH, which gave good yields of α,β-diketo esters.
The Basicity and Catalytic Activity of Ordered Mesoporous Silicon Nitride Oxide
Authors: Wan Keshu , Liu Qian , Zhang Cunman , Wang Jiacheng 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
The basicity and base catalytic properties of ordered mesoporous silicon nitride oxide (MSON) were investigated in our present contribution. It was found that the basic strength of MSON was stronger and comparable to the strength of MgO. In addition, MSON had a much higher base catalytic activity than not only amorphous silicon nitride oxide but also crystallized nitrogen-containing microporous molecular sieves used in the Knoevenagel condensation reaction of benzaldehyde and malononitrile. Furthermore, the catalysts were stable both in structure and in composition below 1123 K in an inert atmosphere. These stable, solid base catalysts may find their use in some important base catalyzed reactions.
New Large Refractive-Index Change Materials: Synthesis and Photochemical Valence Isomerization of the Calixarene Derivatives Containing Norbornadiene Moieties
Authors: Kudo Hiroto , Ueda Wataru , Sejimo Kiyomitsu , Mitani Kouji , Nishikubo Tadatomi , Anada Tetsuo 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
We have examined the synthesis of cyclic oligomers with pendant norbornadiene (NBD) moieties based on the calixarenes [p-tert-butylcalix[8]arene (BCA), p-methylcalix[6]arene (MCA), calix[4]resorcinarene (CRA), 2,8,14,20-tetradecylcalix[4]resorcinarene (CRA10), and 2,8,14,20-tetrakis(p-hydroxyphenyl)calix[4]resorcinarene (CRAph)]. The photochemical valence isomerization of the obtained calixarene derivatives containing NBD moieties proceeded very smoothly to afford the corresponding quadricyclane (QC) moieties, and it was found that the large refractive-index changes (Δn’s = 0.028–0.061) before and after photo-isomerization.
Low-Temperature Synthesis of Nanocrystalline ZrB2 via Co-reduction of ZrCl4 and BBr3
Authors: Chen Luyang , Gu Yunle , Shi Liang , Ma Jianhua , Yang Zeheng , Qian Yitai 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Nanocrystalline zirconium diboride (ZrB2) has been synthesized via a sodium co-reduction of ZrCl4 and BBr3 at 400 °C. The XRD patterns can be indexed as hexagonal ZrB2 with the lattice constants a = 3.167 and c = 3.527 Å. The TEM image indicates the product has particle morphology, with size of about 20 nm.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Layered Li[Ni0.5Mn0.5]O2 as Lithium Intercalation Material
Authors: Myung Seung-Taek , Lee Myung-Hoon , Park Sang-Ho , Sun Yang-Kook 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
In attempt to synthesize layered Li[Ni0.5Mn0.5]O2, a hydrothermal method has been employed. First, the spherical powder precursor, [Ni0.5Mn0.5](OH)2, was prepared via a coprecipitation. Then, the precursor was hydrothermally reacted with an excess amount of LiOH aqueous solution at 170 °C for 4 days. From X-ray diffraction investigation, it was found that the hydrothermally prepared powders showed the layered Li[Ni0.5Mn0.5]O2 having α-NaFeO2 structure (space group: ). The as-prepared powders delivered the initial discharge of about 104 mAh g−1. Further calcination of the hydrothermally prepared powders at 800 °C resulted in the well-ordered layered structure, indicating increase in the crystallinity. Subsequently, the resulting discharge capacity was also improved, 142 mAh g−1 by applying a current density of 20 mA g−1 (1/8C) and the capacity retention was relatively good during cycling.
Thermo-responsive Manipulation of a Water Plug in a Poly(N-isopropylamide)-modified Glass Capillary
Authors: Saitoh Tohru , Sekino Ayahito , Hiraide Masataka 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
A thermo-responsive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), was used for the modification of the inner surface of a glass capillary. The modification was performed by the coupling Bind-SilaneTM (3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane) on glass surfaces and a subsequent radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide and methylenebis(acrylamide) with ammonium persulfate—N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine. A water plug placed in the capillary was successfully manipulated by warming the portion of the capillary. The movement was attributed to the wettability gradient of the inner surfaces of the polymer-modified capillary.
Diastereoselectivity in (2π + 2π) Photocycloaddition of Cholesteryl Cinnamate to Methyl 9-Phenanthrenecarboxylate: Control of the Stereoselectivity in Liquid Crystalline Phase
Authors: Maeda Hajime , Horiuchi Akemi , Koshio Norihiro , Mizuno Kazuhiko 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Photocycloaddition of cholesteryl cinnamate with methyl 9-phenanthrenecarboxylate in benzene at ambient temperature gave a (2π + 2π) photocycloadduct in 8% diastereomeric excess (de). When the reaction was carried out in neat conditions at 150–170 °C, the major product was reversed to another diastereomer, in which de was given in 14%.
Convenient Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Tetrabenzopentakisdehydro[12]annuleno[12]annulene
Authors: Sonoda Motohiro , Sakai Yu , Yoshimura Takashi , Tobe Yoshito , Kamada Kenji 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
A convenient synthesis of tetrabenzopentakisdehydro[12]annuleno[12]annulene 2c with substantial solubility was achieved by double cyclization of tetrabromotolan 3 with o-diethynylbenzene 4.
Design of FAD-binding Peptide Using a Combinatorial α-Helix Peptide Library
Authors: Sakamoto Seiji , Okano Ippei , Kudo Kazuaki 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
We constructed a resin-bound peptide library in which the peptide was designed to take an α-helix structure, and p-boronobenzoic acid was conjugated on the ε-amino group of the Lys side-chain placed at the middle of the helix. Screening this library allowed selection of a peptide that can bind flavin adenine dinucleotide with high affinity and selectivity.
Monolayer Formation of Cationic Polymer Particles on Hydrophobic Solid Substrates in Aqueous System
Authors: Watanabe Masaru , Kawaguchi Seigou , Nagai Katsutoshi 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Monodispersed cationic polymer particles bearing quaternary ammonium groups on their surfaces were well self-organized through hydrophobic interaction on hydrophobically modified glass plates in aqueous system. We could fabricate the particle monolayer of close-packed structure with a relatively regular interval by tuning hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance of particles and temperature.
Rapid, Long-Range Molecular Haplotyping of Thiopurine S-Methyltransferase (TPMT*) *3A, *3B, and *3C
Authors: von Ahsen Nicolas , Armstrong Victor W , Oellerich Michael 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Background: Haplotyping is an important technique in molecular diagnostics because haplotypes are often more predictive for individual phenotypes than are the underlying single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Until recently, methods for haplotyping SNPs separated by kilobase distances were laborious and not applicable to high-throughput screening. In the case of thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT*), differentiating among TPMT*3A, *3B, and *3C alleles is sometimes necessary for predictive genotyping.
Methods: The genomic region including the two SNPs that define TPMT*3A, *3B, and *3C alleles was amplified by long-range PCR. The resulting PCR product was circularized by ligation and haplotyped by allele-specific amplification PCR followed by product identification with hybridization probes.
Results: Critical points were the long-range PCR conditions, including choice of buffer and primers, optimization of the ligation reaction, and selection of primers that allowed for strict allele-specific amplification in the second-round PCR. Different underlying TPMT haplotypes could then be differentiated. Results from the haplotyping method were in full agreement with those from our standard real-time PCR method: TPMT*1/*3A (n = 20); TPMT*1/*3C (n = 4); TPMT*1/*1 (n = 6); and TPMT*3A/*3A (n = 6). One TPMT*1/*3A sample failed to amplify, and no whole blood was available for repeat DNA isolation.
Conclusions: This method for rapid-cycle real-time, allele-specific amplification PCR-assisted long-range haplotyping has general application for the haplotyping of distant SNPs. The procedure is simpler and more rapid than previous methods. With respect to TPMT, haplotyping has the potential to discriminate the genotypes TPMT*1/*3A (intermediate metabolizer) and TPMT*3B/*3C (poor metabolizer).
A no-carrier-added 72Se/72As radionuclide generator based on distillation
Authors: Jennewein M. , Schmidt A. , Novgorodov A. F. , Qaim Syed M. , Rösch Frank 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Arsenic-72 is a positron emitting isotope with promising properties for syntheses of 72As-labelled radiopharmaceuticals for future application in positron emission tomography. This work describes the radiochemical separation of no-carrier-added 72Se from cyclotron irradiated germanium targets and the development of a 72Se/72As radionuclide generator, avoiding the addition of any selenium carrier. Using a vertical quartz tube device, no-carrier-added 72As is nearly quantitatively released from various chloride salt solutions containing 72Se within 10 min at a temperature of 100 °C in an HCl gas flow. The kinetics of the 72Se/72As isotope generator has been studied in relation to temperature, salt charge, and redox-stability. Under optimised conditions, 72Se remains almost quantitatively (>99.7%) in solution.
Structure of [N,N´-bis(3,5-di-t-butyl-salicylidene)-2-benzyl-1,3-propanediaminato]nitridotechnetium(V) complex, TcN(bzdbsalpn), and nitrido-bridged linear polymeric chains in crystalline syn-isomer
Authors: Takayama Tsutomu , Abe Yuko , Sekine Tsutomu , Kudo Hiroshi 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
A novel nitridotechnetium(V) complex with a tetradentate Schiff base ligand, TcN(bzdbsalpn), was synthesized by the reaction of TcNCl2(PPh3)2 and N , N´-bis(3,5-di- t-butyl-salicylidene)-2-benzyl-1,3-propanediamine (H2bzdbsalpn). Both the syn- and anti-isomers of TcN(bzdbsalpn) were formed in the solution, but recrystallization of a mixture of syn- and anti-TcN(bzdbsalpn) gave a single crystal only for the syn-isomer. X-ray crystallography showed that the syn-TcN(bzdbsalpn) was in a distorted octahedral structure. The planar tetradentate bzdbsalpn ligand coordinates to the technetium atom in an O-N-N-O equatorial plane and the six-membered Nimine-Nimine chelate ring that includes the propylene group adopts a chair conformation. The nitrido ligand (Tc≡N) is at an apical position and the Tc≡N triple bond length is 1.6 Å. Interestingly, the crystal of syn-TcN(bzdbsalpn) has a nitrido-bridged linear polymeric structure (···Tc≡N···Tc≡N···) running along the 21 screw axes parallel to the b axis. The intermolecular N···Tc distance in the syn-TcN(bzdbsalpn) crystal (∼2.8 Å) is fairly long compared with that reported for Cr(V) and Mn(V) nitrido complexes with analogous Schiff base ligands (∼2.5 Å).