bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvent Geometry Regulated J‐ and H‐Type Aggregates of Photoswitchable Organogelator: Phase‐Selective Thixotropic Gelation and Oil Spill Recovery
Authors: Sk Sujauddin , Mursed Ali Sk , Aash Asmita , Kolay Soumya , Mondal Arun , Mondal Sahabaj , Hossain Khan Ali , Sepay Nayim , Rahaman Molla Mijanur 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe demonstrate supramolecular polymerization and formation of 1D nanofiber of azobenzene based organogelator (AZO‐4) in cyclic hydrocarbon solvents (toluene and methylcyclohexane). The AZO‐4 exhibits J‐ and H‐type aggregates in toluene: MCH (9 : 1) and MCH: toluene (9 : 1) respectively. The type of aggregate was governed by the geometry of the solvents used in the self‐assembly process. The J‐type aggregates with high thermal stability in toluene is due to the enhanced interaction of AZO‐4 π‐ surface with the toluene π‐surface, whereas H‐aggregate with moderate thermal stability in MCH was due to the interruption of the cyclic hydrocarbon in van der Waals interactions of peripheral chains of AZO‐4 molecule. The light induced reversible photoisomerization is observed for both J‐ and H‐aggregates. The macroscopic property revealed spontaneous and strong gelation in toluene preferably due to the strong interactions of the AZO‐4 nanofibers with the toluene solvent molecules compared to the MCH. The rheological measurements revealed thixotropic nature of the gels by step‐strain experiments at room temperature. The thermodynamic parameter (ΔHm) of gel‐to‐sol transition was determined for all the gels to get more insight into the gelation property. Furthermore, the phase selective gelation property was extended to the oil spill recovery application using diesel/water and petrol/water mixture.
Tryptophan‐Doped Poly(vinyl alcohol) Films with Ultralong‐Lifetime Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence and Color‐Tunable Afterglow Under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Zhen Jingshuang , Long Jiangqin , Guo Xin , Wang Qiusheng , Zeng Xu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe development of a persistent luminescence system with long‐lived phosphorescence and color‐tunable afterglow at room temperature represents a challenge, largely due to the intensive non‐radiative deactivation pathway. In this study, an ultralong‐lived room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) system has been achieved using a hydrogen‐bonding strategy where poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrices were doped with tryptophan (Trp) derivatives. The PVA film doped with N‐α‐(9‐Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)‐L‐tryptophan (Fmoc‐L‐Trp) exhibited a long‐lived phosphorescence emission of up to 3859.70 ms, and a blue afterglow for a duration greater than 34 s, under ambient conditions. The introduction of two other fluorescent dyes (i. e., Rhodamine B and Basicred14) to the PVA film facilitates adjustment to the color of the afterglow from blue to orange, and pink, by a triplet‐to‐singlet Förster‐resonance energy transfer (TS‐FRET) process. These films have been successfully applied in silk‐screen printing and in multicolor afterglow light‐emitting diode (LED) arrays.
Imino‐BODIPY‐Based, Highly Sensitive, Fluorescent Dosimeter for Low‐Dose Gamma Radiation**
Authors: Choudhary Manoj K. , Gorai Sudip , Patro Birija S. , Mula Soumyaditya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Front Cover image is provided by Dr. Soumyaditya Mula of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India. The image shows quick and efficient sensing of gamma (g) radiation via conversion of non‐fluorescent imino‐BODIPY dye to green fluorescent formyl BODIPY after interaction with g‐rays. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cptc.202300245.
An artificial intelligence‐based 4‐to‐10‐bit variable resolution Flash ADC with 3.6 to 1.04 GS/s sampling rate
Authors: Kandpal Naveen , Singh Anil , Agarwal Alpana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper presents an artificially intelligent Flash ADC with enhanced resolution from 4 to 10 bits. Unlike conventional approaches, this artificial intelligence (AI)‐based architecture avoids the use of many number of comparators in the Flash ADC when the ADC's resolution changes from 4 to 10 bits. This work initially gets the digital output of a 4‐bit existing Flash ADC as a training data set and then uses these 4‐bit output bits and sends to resolution enhancement logic (REL) block to vary its resolution without increasing the hardware complexities. After simulation, it is observed that the proposed ADC is of SNR of 24.13 dB for 4‐bit Flash ADC designed in SCL 180 nm CMOS technology and increases from 36.89 to 60.70 dB for 6 to 10‐bit resolution, respectively. The sampling frequency of the proposed architecture ranges from 3.6 to 1.04 GHz for a change in resolution from 4 to 10 bits. The FoM of 235 fJ/conv‐step in the training phase is obtained, and it varies from 56 to 20.3 fJ/conv‐step in the next phase of the testing and the prediction. The estimated area of the proposed 4‐to‐10‐bit variable resolution Flash ADC is
μm2.
Base‐Induced Annulation of Glycal‐Derived α‐iodopyranone with 2‐Aminopyrimidinones: Access to Chiral Imidazopyrimidinones
Authors: Mishra Vinay Kumar , Tiwari Ghanshyam , Khanna Ashish , Yadav Yogesh , Sagar Ram 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA simple, environmentally benign and catalyst‐free method for the synthesis of chirally enriched imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidinone glycohybrids has been successfully developed. The protocol is based on a base‐induced annulation of α‐iodo‐pyranone with Michael addition of 2‐aminopyrimidinones followed by intramolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction. The privilege of this method includes mild reaction conditions, eco‐friendly solvent and a transition‐metal‐free approach. Moreover, using straightforward simple methods, this reaction method exhibits a broad range of substrate scope and remarkable tolerance toward various functional groups.
Unveiling the resilience of smallholder farmers in Senegal amidst extreme climate conditions
Authors: Moller Kieron , Nejadhashemi A. Pouyan , Talha Muhammad , Chikafa Mervis , Eeswaran Rasu , Junior Nilson Vieira , Carcedo Ana Julia Paula , Ciampitti Ignacio , Bizimana Jean‐Claude , Diallo Amadiane , Prasad P. V. Vara 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn Senegal, agriculture is an important sector underpinning the socioeconomic fabric of the populace. Notably, the agricultural production in this region exhibits heightened sensitivity to climatic perturbations, particularly droughts and heat waves. This study aims to determine the resilience of different agronomic interventions for farmers practicing mixed farming that produce both crops (i.e., groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.)) and raise animals in the Groundnut Basin in Senegal, which holds historical and socioeconomic significance. To understand the current situation regarding demographics, economics, consumption behavior, and farm operations for smallholder farmers, data were comprehensively collected from government and nongovernment organizations (NGO) reports, scientific papers, organization databases, and surveys. Additionally, the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) was used to understand how combinations of three planting dates, three plant densities, and six urea nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates affected the yield of pearl millet, which were used as the alternative scenarios to the baseline in the farm modeling and analyses. All the collected and generated data were used as inputs into the Farm Simulation Model (FARMSIM) to generate economic, nutritional, and risk data associated with mixed farming systems. The generated data were then used to determine the resilience of the alternative scenarios against the baseline. Initially, a multi‐objective optimization was employed to meet nutritional needs while maintaining a healthy diet at the lowest cost. Then, the scenarios that met the population's nutritional requirements were evaluated based on four economic indicators: net cash farm income (NCFI), ending cash reserves (EC), net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR). Lastly, those that passed the economic feasibility test were ranked based on risk criteria certainty equivalent (CE) and risk premium (RP). The analyses found N fertilizer rates of 0, 20, and 100 kg N ha−1 were generally economically not feasible. Additionally, medium (early‐July to late‐August) and late (late‐July to mid‐September) planting dates generally performed better than early (early‐June to late‐July) planting dates, while plant densities of 3.3 and 6.6 pL m−2 performed better than 1.1. The robust resilience approach introduced in this study is easily transferable to other regions.
Effect of ultrasound technique to improve quality of Iranian industrial honey by controlling crystallization process
Authors: Rabbani Safa , Anvar Seyed Amir Ali , Allahyaribeik Sara , Jannat Behrooz , Ahari Hamed 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis experiment aimed to assess the effects of ultrasound techniques on the quality of Iranian industrial honey. Honey samples were subjected to ultrasound waves at different frequencies and various parameters. The results showed that both ultrasound treatments (30 or 42 kHz) changed the physical, biochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial characteristics of honey. Ultrasound treatments at 20 or 45°C for 1, 5, or 10 min reduced moisture, acidity, sugars, ABTS levels, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural content, clostridium, aerobic mesophilic bacteria count, and osmophile count while increasing diastase, phenol, and proline levels. Ultrasound treatment of honey samples at 30 and 42 kHz and different temperatures for varying durations led to a decrease in acidity after 90 and 180 days. Treating honey samples with 42 kHz ultrasound at 45°C for 10 min led to a significant reduction in the amount of reducing sugar. Ultrasonication at different frequencies and temperatures led to higher levels of phenol, ABTS, and proline production, along with a considerable decrease in the total count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria. Our study unveils the potential of ultrasonication to enhance honey quality through multifaceted improvements. Treatment significantly augmented phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, opening avenues for novel honey preservation and quality enhancement strategies. Additionally, ultrasonication effectively controlled honey crystallization while simultaneously improving biochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. This demonstrates its potential as a comprehensive strategy for honey quality improvement.
Research on quantitative detection technology of raccoon‐derived ingredient adulteration in sausage products
Authors: Wang Hui , Chen Chen , Xie Mengying , Zhang Yan , Chen Boxu , Li Yongyan , Jia Wenshen , Chen Jia , Zhou Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis project presents a quantitative detection method to identify raccoon‐derived ingredient adulteration in sausage products. The specific copy gene of the raccoon was selected as the target gene. According to the specificity of its primer and probe, the quantitative detection method of raccoon microdrops by droplet digital PCR was established. In addition, the accuracy of the proposed method was verified by artificially mixed samples, and the applicability of this method was tested based on the commercially available products. The experimental results indicate that the raccoon mass (M) and raccoon‐extracted DNA concentration have a good linear relationship when the sample content is 5–100 mg, and there is also a significant linear relationship between DNA content and DNA copy number (C) with R2 = .9982. Therefore, using DNA concentration as the median signal, the conversion equation between raw raccoon mass (M) and DNA copy number (C) could be obtained as follows: M = (C + 177.403)/16.954. The detection of artificially mixed samples and commercial samples shows that the method is accurate and suitable for quantitative adulteration detection of various sausage products in the market.
Technical and allocative efficiency of crop production using different storage and water‐lifting technologies in Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia
Authors: Degefa Hana , Tenaye Anbes , Hagos Fitsum , Haileslassie Amare 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAssessing the efficiency gains, in terms of crop production and productivity, of using agricultural water management is critical to understanding the comparative advantage of using different storage and water‐lifting technologies in irrigation development. This study aims to compare the efficiency differences among irrigation farmers using various water‐lifting technologies and among users of various technology suites in the Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia. Cross‐sectional data collected from 320 randomly selected smallholder farmers, considering the 2019/2020 production season, were used to analyse a one‐step Cobb–Douglas stochastic frontier function. The results of the study revealed the existence of technical and allocative efficiency differences between gravity and fuel pump users. Factors that positively determine the level of technical efficiency scores are gender, age, education status, technology type and extension contact. Irrigation experience, access to credit, training and technology type positively affected allocative efficiency, while the distance to the irrigation water source had a negative effect. The findings have important implications for agricultural policy and practice as improving efficiency through the adoption of fuel‐powered water‐lifting technology could further improve overall agricultural productivity. Designing small‐scale friendly business models and promoting irrigation extension services, among others, is critical for scaling successful water management technologies.
Periodontal disease in down syndrome: Predisposing factors and potential non‐surgical therapeutic approaches
Authors: Ghaffarpour Mahdie , Karami‐Zarandi Morteza , Rahdar Hossein Ali , Feyisa Seifu Gizaw , Taki Elahe 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontal diseases (PDs) have been documented to be significantly more prevalent and severe in patients with Down syndrome (DS). Different immunological and microbiological factors contributed to predisposing these patients to progressive and recurrent PDs.AimThe aim of this review was to investigate the altered immunological responses and oral microbiota disorders as well as focus on adjunctive non‐surgical methods for the treatment of PDs and its applicability in patients with DS.Material and MethodsA literature review was conducted addressing the following topics: (1) the altered immunological responses, (2) orofacial disorders related to DS patients, (3) oral microbiota changing, and (4) adjunctive non‐surgical treatment and its efficacy in patients with DS.ResultsDue to the early onset of PDs in children with DS, the need for prompt and effective treatment in these patients is essential.Discussion and ConclusionSo, investigating underlying factors may open a new window to better understand the pathology of PDs in DS people and thus, find better strategies for treatment in such group. Although non‐surgical treatments such as photodynamic therapy and probiotic consumption represented acceptable outcomes in different examined patients without DS, data about the application of these convenience and no need for local anesthesia methods in patients with DS is limited.
Train the paediatric colonoscopy trainer course: Assessment of perceived value in improving colonoscopy teaching practice
Authors: Mirzaali Rachel , Anderson John , Thomson Mike , Narula Priya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesEndoscopy teaching practice is variable, which inevitably affects the training provided. There is only one Train the Paediatric Colonoscopy Trainer (TPCT) course in the UK. Informal feedback has been positive, but its practical value has never been formally assessed. We aim to assess the practical value of the TPCT course and how attendees perceive their teaching practice compared to nonattendees.MethodsA questionnaire based on the TPCT course learning aims and objectives was distributed to two groups of consultant paediatric gastroenterologists who teach colonoscopy in the UK; those who had attended the course (participants) and those who had not (controls).ResultsThe 41 completed responses were received. Overall, responses indicated participants of the TPCT course rated their confidence and knowledge in teaching practices as higher than controls (4.27 vs. 3.56 p = < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in all areas: set (4.21 vs. 3.71 p = 0.011), dialogue (4.29 vs. 3.55 p = < 0.001) and closure (4.37 vs. 3.6 p = < 0.001) with those who attended the TPCT course giving higher ratings. There was evidence of increased understanding of key concepts such as using standardised language, conscious competence, dual task interference and performance enhancing feedback.ConclusionAttending a TPCT course results in a higher perceived level of knowledge in fundamental teaching principles and confidence in colonoscopy teaching skills.
Relapse following withdrawal of D‐penicillamine from combination (D‐penicillamine + zinc) therapy in hepatic Wilson disease
Authors: Panda Kalpana , Lal Bikrant B. , Sood Vikrant , Khanna Rajeev , Alam Seema 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesLong‐term D‐penicillamine (D‐pen) therapy in Wilson disease (WD) has numerous adverse effects which advocates its withdrawal, but with an inherent risk of relapse. This prospective observational study was conducted with the objective of evaluating incidence of relapse following withdrawal of D‐pen from combination (D‐pen + zinc) therapy in maintenance phase of previously symptomatic hepatic WD.MethodsHepatic WD patients <18 years of age and on combination therapy for >2 years with 6 months of biochemical remission were included. Biochemical remission was defined as achievement of (i) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤1.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN), (ii) serum albumin >3.5 g/dL, international normalized ratio (INR) <1.5 and (iii) 24‐h urinary copper excretion (UCE) <500 mcg/day, nonceruloplasmin‐bound‐copper (NCC) <15 mcg/dL. After D‐pen withdrawal, monthly liver function test (LFT) and INR and 3 monthly UCE and NCC were done till 1 year or relapse (elevation of AST/ALT/both >2 times ULN or total bilirubin >2 mg/dL), whichever occurred earlier.ResultsForty‐five patients enrolled with median combination therapy duration of 36 months. Sixty percent of them had their index presentation as decompensated cirrhosis. Fourteen patients (31.8%) relapsed (cumulative incidence: 4 at 3 months, 11 at 6 months, and 14 at 12 months after D‐pen discontinuation). All relapsers had index presentation as decompensated cirrhosis. On Cox‐regression, ALT at D‐pen withdrawal was an independent predictor of relapse (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.077, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.014–1.145, p = 0.017) with area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of 0.860. ALT ≥40 U/L predicted risk of relapse with 85.7% sensitivity, 70.9% specificity.ConclusionIncidence of relapse after withdrawal of D‐pen from combination therapy is 31.8% in hepatic WD. ALT ≥40 U/L, at the time of D‐pen stoppage, predicts future relapse.
Circulating basophils in patients with type IIb autoimmune chronic spontaneous urticaria have a lower histamine content
Authors: Baumann Katrine , Sørensen Jennifer Astrup , Zhang Ditte G. , Ghazanfar Misbah N. , Skov Per Stahl , Woetmann Anders , Thomsen Simon Francis 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients suffering from chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) are typically classified as type I or type IIb autoimmune CSU, but further patient stratification is hindered by the lack of biomarkers.ObjectivesWe investigated whether the histamine content of individual basophils differ between patient subtypes in CSU to evaluate its potential as a biomarker.MethodsA total of 101 patients diagnosed with CSU were included in the study. The histamine content per circulating basophil was derived from the basophil count in peripheral blood and levels of total cellular blood histamine. These measures, together with results from the serum‐induced basophil histamine release assay (s‐BHRA), were correlated to information on demographics, clinical characteristics, patient reported outcomes and laboratory analyses.ResultsThe histamine content per basophil was significantly different between s‐BHRA positive and ‐negative patients (0.175 vs. 1.40 pg/cell, p < 0.001) and showed a significant negative correlation to the degree of basophil activation in s‐BHRA (ρ = −0.209, p = 0.036). Furthermore, the amount of histamine in individual basophils was found to be significantly correlated with levels of total cellular blood histamine (ρ = 0.376, p < 0.001), eosinophil counts (ρ = 0.205, p = 0.040), levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (ρ = −0.246, p = 0.014) and titre of antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (ρ = −0.216, p = 0.031) and thyroglobulin (ρ = −0.203, p = 0.044).ConclusionsLow content of intracellular histamine in circulating basophils is associated with known markers of type IIb autoimmune CSU. Further studies are required to assess whether the amount of histamine in basophils can be used to monitor or predict response to treatment in patients.
Community initiatives for well‐being in the United Kingdom and their role in developing social capital and addressing loneliness: A scoping review
Authors: Tierney Stephanie , Rowe Rosie , Connally Emily L , Roberts Nia W , Mahtani Kamal R , Gorenberg Jordan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionLoneliness can have a negative impact on people's physical and psychological well‐being; building social capital is a potential means of addressing this connection. Community initiatives (e.g. groups, clubs, neighbourhood activities) may be a route that enables people to build social capital to tackle loneliness. Understanding what is known, and where gaps in knowledge exist, is important for advancing research on this topic.MethodsA scoping review was undertaken to explore the question – What community initiatives, with a focus on well‐being, have been evaluated in the United Kingdom that include information about social capital and loneliness? Four databases (Medline, CINAHL, ASSIA and Embase) were searched for relevant research papers. References were screened by two researchers to identify if they met the review's inclusion criteria. Data were summarised as a narrative and in tables.ResultsFive papers met the review's inclusion criteria. They all used qualitative methods. Findings suggested that social capital could be developed through creating a sense of trust, group cohesion and reciprocity among participants in the community initiatives. This connection enabled people to experience a sense of belonging and to feel they had a meaningful relationship with others, which appeared to alleviate feelings of loneliness.ConclusionMore research is warranted on the review topic, including studies that have employed quantitative or mixed methods. Clarity around definitions of social capital and loneliness in future research is required. Engagement with community initiatives can provide a formalised route to help people develop connections and counteract limitations in their social networks. However, individuals may be wary about attending community initiatives, needing support and encouragement to do so. Social prescribing link workers are one means of motivating people to access groups, events or organisations that could improve their well‐being.