bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic and transport properties of the Co‐doped manganite La0.7Sr0.3Mn1–xCoxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5)
Authors: Zhao B. C. , Song W. H. , Ma Y. Q. , Zhang R. L. , Yang J. , Sheng Z. G. , Lu W. J. , Dai J. M. , Sun Y. P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe effect of Co doping on the magnetic and transport properties of La0.7Sr0.3Mn1–xCoxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) is investigated. The Co doping at Mn sites dilutes the double‐exchange interaction between Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions and changes the long‐range ferromagnetic (FM) order of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) to the spin glass (SG) or cluster glass (CG) state for samples with x ≥ 0.1. For x ≥ 0.3, the paramagnetic (PM) metal to FM metal transition of LSMO disappears and the temperature dependence of resistivity ρ(T) follows semiconducting behavior in the whole measured temperature region with the resistivity increasing by orders of magnitude. An interesting result is that ρ(T) exhibits an obvious anomaly at T* ∼ 100 K, which is ascribed to the spin‐state transition of Co ions. For samples with x = 0.1 and 0.3, magnetoresistance (MR) effects are markedly enhanced in the low‐temperature region compared with undoped LSMO, which is suggested to originate from the appearance of spin‐dependent tunneling magnetoresistance. However, for samples with x = 0.5, the MR effect is suppressed over the entire temperature region measured and an obvious exchange anisotropy phenomenon, characterized by the shift of the hysteresis loop, is also observed, which is ascribed to the marked increase of the antiferromagnetic insulating phase. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Out‐of‐equilibrium nanocrystalline R1–s(Fe, M)5+2s alloys (R = Sm, Pr; M = Co, Si, Ga)
Authors: Bessais L. , Djéga‐Mariadassou C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe out‐of‐equilibrium hexagonal P6/mmm R1–s(Fe, M)5+2s (R = Sm, Pr and M = Co, Si or Ga) intermetallics are obtained by controlled nanocrystallization. A model is presented to explain the structure of the hexagonal phases, which stoichiometry is consistent with Sm(Fe, M)9 and R(Fe, Ti, Co)10. The Curie temperatures increase versus Ga, Si, Co content. The analysis of the Mössbauer spectra leads to monotonous variation of the hyperfine parameters. The refinement of the Mössbauer spectra was performed on the basis of the correlation between Wigner–Seitz cell volumes obtained from X‐ray diffraction results and isomer shifts. The abundance of each magnetic site was calculated by the multinomial distribution law. For a given substituting Co, Si, Ga content, the sequence for the isomer shift in the hexagonal cell is 2e > 3g > 6l. With increasing M content, the isomer shift of the 3g site remains quasi‐constant. Those approaches lead to the location of Si, Ga, Co in 3g site, Ti in 6l site. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of temperature and in‐plane fields on vertical Bloch lines in the walls of the first kind of dumbbell domain
Authors: Liu Suping , Xu Jianping , Guo Gexin , Zhen Congmian , Nie Xiangfu 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe stability of vertical Bloch lines (VBLs) in the domain walls of the first kind of dumbbell domains (IDs) in garnet bubble films as regards both temperature and in‐plane field is investigated experimentally. It is found that there exists a critical in‐plane field range [Hip(1)(T), Hip(2)(T)] for the VBLs' annihilation in the walls of IDs at various temperatures from room temperature to T0. When Hip ≤ Hip(1)(T), the number of VBLs in the domain walls of IDs is constant; when Hip(1)(T) < Hip < Hip(2)(T), the VBLs in the domain walls of IDs will annihilate gradually and the number of annihilations increases with increasing Hip; when Hip ≥ Hip(2)(T), the VBLs in the domain walls of IDs annihilate completely. Moreover, the range [Hip(1)(T), Hip(2)(T)] decreases with increasing temperature, while the values of Hip(1)(T) and Hip(2)(T) also decrease, and reach zero at T0′ and T0, respectively. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Some thoughts on quality
Authors: Constant Paul C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA view of quality is given from inside an independent contract research organization (CRO) that undertakes regulated studies as well as unregulated studies and has as its primary focus on ‘the project’. Focusing on the project brings into play dependency, which means that the success of the project is dependent on the company's Board, its management, and its technical and support staffs. Dependency is a factor that needs to be considered when talking quality. Some project, company, and client dependencies are given. Quality assurance and quality control play important roles in quality operations, but there is more.Quality needs to be a built‐in aspect, which here is termed ‘quality inherency’, and not an add‐on. Quality should be seen as a quality permeation system powered from the top management position; and as a quality operational system that comprises all technical and business processes, their sub‐processes and interfaces, or linkages. Quality needs to be functional and regularly improved and maintained. Eight major activities are discussed that are needed to achieve quality inherency. Ten processes, their sub‐processes and linkages are presented in a systems diagram as well as summarized in words. The article describes what success means to the client, the research organization's management, the project team member, and the project leader and ends with conclusions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How to set up and manage quality control and quality assurance
Authors: Visschedijk Myriam , Hendriks Rik , Nuyts Katrien 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis document provides a general introduction to clarify the differences between quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA). In addition it serves as a starting point for implementing a quality system approach within an organization. The paper offers practical guidance to the implementation of quality and the importance of QC in its relationship to QA. It can be used in conjunction with the various quality regulations or guidelines. Appendix A provides a table of examples of various activities, which will help guide the user to apply a quality system with both QC and QA aspects. It is important to note, however, that the items listed in the table are only examples and should not be regarded as the only way to set up a QC/QA system. Appendix A is based on the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) quality system. In conclusion, QC is part of effective project management while QA assesses the effectiveness of the quality systems associated with the overall process. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Who said training in computerized systems validation is boring?
Authors: Brooks Marc , Wetlesen Kjeld 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis case study describes how ALTANA Pharma provides modular and role‐based training in computerized systems validation. The training is fun while providing all necessary information with hands‐on experience. This is achieved by using many different kinds of exercises to support the learning experience of the presentations in a creative way. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comments on computational chemistry: From diatomic molecules to large biochemical systems
Authors: Clementi Enrico , Corongiu Giorgina 
Published: June 2005

AbstractComments are presented on a few aspects of computational chemistry, considering its evolution and eventual future developments. We also discuss in some detail two topics: first, a new quantum chemical approach that proposes the combination of Hartree–Fock and Heitler–London approximations at the ab initio and at the semi‐empirical level and, second, a sketch for a computational approach aimed at simulations of biological systems with cellular complexity, following an introductory excursion through Newton and Langevin molecular dynamics, microdynamics, and cellular automata. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Experimental investigation of decoherence in maximally entangled mixed states
Authors: Kawamura Minaru , Morimoto Takuji , Kumaya Takashi , Sawae Ryuichi , Takarabe Kenichi , Manmoto Yoshinori 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDecoherence of the bipartite entangled mixed state in a five‐qubit system has been studied experimentally with liquid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The experimental results indicate that when only two qubits of the five qubits are partially initialized, the decoherence process of the bipartite entangled mixed state is not quantized, as the entanglability is weak. In contrast, when all five qubits are initialized, the decoherence process is quantized, which is understood to indicate that the entanglability is actually strong. From these results, it is conceivable that the entropy of the deviation density matrix is a crucial factor in measuring the entanglement in the liquid‐state NMR quantum computer. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Simulations of metal nanowires
Authors: Elizondo S. L. , Mintmire J. W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFirst‐principles calculations of the electronic structure of silver infinite nanotubes, chains, and nanowires are reported. For the purpose of this study, the focus is on two specific types of silver nanostructure. We have calculated the electronic structures for the silver (2,3) and the silver (3,4) extended nanostructures. For the (2,3) structure, we modeled the single‐walled tube, and for the (3,4) structure, we modeled the hollow single‐walled tube, as well as the tube with a linear chain inserted along the tube axis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Convergence radii of five intermolecular perturbation theories applied to the interaction between two hydrogen atoms
Authors: Adams William H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor H2 at infinite separation R we show that the convergence radii can be calculated exactly for two perturbation theories and to high precision for three others. The key in each case is to calculate the lowest energy wave functions belonging to the two possible localizations of the electrons. By focusing on the localization of the electrons the two‐electron eigenproblems are reduced to the solution of 2 one‐electron problems. The wave functions and energies calculated at R = ∞ are used to calculate approximately radii at finite separations. For two theories the dependence of the approximate radii on R is consistent with accurate published results. For two of the perturbation theories a very simple extrapolation procedure is shown to give radii with useful accuracy at R as small as 8 bohr. For the fifth case there are no accurate values known to which our approximate ones may be compared. Why the extrapolation procedure work is explained by a formal analysis based on the assumption of sufficiently large R. Understanding why our method works suggests how radii may be calculated for symmetry‐adapted perturbation theories applied to systems more complex than H2. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Nonlinear response of a deformed oscillator
Authors: Récamier J. , Mochán W. L. , Maytorena J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe analyze the response of a single anharmonic diatomic molecule to a monochromatic time dependent electric field ω(t) and evaluate the temporal evolution of the dipole moment, phase space trajectories, and several transition probabilities as a function of the intensity of the field. We define deformed boson operators A† = f()a†, A = af() in terms of the usual harmonic oscillator creation and annihilation operators a, a†, = a†a and choose the number operator function f() such that the energy spectrum of a harmonic oscillator‐type Hamiltonian written in terms of the deformed operators yields an energy spectrum similar to that of a Morse potential. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Many‐body projector orbitals for electronic structure theory of strongly correlated electrons
Authors: Eriksson O. , Wills J. M. , Colarieti‐Tosti M. , Lebègue S. , Grechnev A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe describe a technique to evaluate projector functions to be used, e.g., in self‐interaction corrected versions of the Kohn–Sham equation (or in the LSDA+U method). The projector functions reproduce by construction the expectation values of spin and orbital moments (or any other property one is interested in) for the atomic many‐body state. We therefore refer to these projector functions as many‐body projector orbitals (MBPO). We describe how, once these projector states have been calculated, one can use them in any electronic structure method for a solid or molecule, to calculate ground‐state properties of materials with strongly correlated states. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Teratogenic compounds of Veratrum californicum (Durand). V. Comparison of cyclopian effects of steroidal alkaloids from the plant and structurally related compounds from other sources
Authors: Keeler Richard F. , Binns Wayne 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCyclopamine, and its glycoside alkaloid X, along with jervine and veratrosine, induced cyclopian malformations in offspring born to ewes ingesting these compounds on the fourteenth day of gestation. Other steroidal alkaloids with somewhat similar structures and various other steroidal compounds including certain hormones and steroidal sapogenins did not induce the malformation.
The effect of carbon monoxide on glucose metabolism and growth of rat embryos
Authors: Robkin M. A. , Cockroft D. L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRat embryos at days 11–12 of gestation cultured for 18 hours in vitro respond to reduced oxygen or to elevated levels of CO. Glucose consumption and lactate production increase while the growth rate decreases. The ratio of lactate produced to glucose consumed increases to values characteristic of earlier, more anaerobic, embryos. It is suggested that most of the energy consumed by the embryo goes to support growth and that the change in glucose metabolism results in a decrease in available energy which decreases the growth rate. The response to reduced oxygen levels is more marked than the response to elevated levels of carbon monoxide and we interpret the result to imply that oxygen transport in these embryos is primarily via solution rather than via combination with hemoglobin.
Campomelic syndrome–possible role of intrauterine viral infection
Authors: Krous Henry F. , Turbeville David F. , Altshuler Geoffrey P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwo infants whose malformations fulfilled the clinical, radiographic and pathologic criteria of campomelic syndrome, were additionally found to have features suggestive of intrauterine viral infection. The presence of hydrocephalus and hydromyelia in both neonates and focal proliferative villitis in the placenta of one suggests that intrauterine viral infection may play a role in the pathogenesis of campomelic syndrome.
Prenatal ethanol exposure in mice: Teratogenic effects
Authors: Randall Carrie L. , Taylor W. Jape 
Published: June 2005

AbstractC57BL/6J mice were fed a liquid diet in which 17, 25, or 30% of the calories were derived from ethanol from the fifth through the tenth day of gestation. Control mice were fed lab chow or pair‐fed identical diets, except that sucrose substituted isocalorically for ethanol. At term the fetuses were removed and. following fixation, examined by microdissection. The incidence of fetal resorptions and congenital malformations increased in a dose‐related manner. Anomalies included skeletal, neurological, urogenital, and cardiovascular systems. These data indicate that in mice, an alcohol diet which is adequate in vitamins and protein results in increased fetal wastage and birth defects.
The failure of glutamic acid to protect the rat embryo against the action of trypan blue
Authors: Beaudoin Allan R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe effect of L‐glutamic acid on the embryolethal and terato‐genic action of trypan blue was investigated in Wistar albino rats. L‐glutamic acid was either incorporated into the diet, from gestation day 2 to day 20, or suspended in sesame oil and administered by gavage, from gestation day 6 to day 10. The day of finding sperm in the vaginal smear was designated day 0 of pregnancy. A teratogenic dose of trypan blue was injected at day 8 of pregnancy, either intraperitoneally (14 mg/kg maternal body weight) or subcutaneously (160 mg/kg). The amount of glutamic acid consumed, after the injection of trypan blue, ranged from 600 to 1,500 mg/rat/day. Pregnancy was terminated at day 20, and the fetuses were recovered and examined. Glutamic acid failed consistently to protect the rat embryo against the lethal and teratogenic action of trypan blue. These results are in contrast to those obtained in mice. The administration of sesame oil alone was found to cause embryonic death, but not malformations.
The effect of 6‐Aminonicotinamide on energy metabolism in rat embryo neural tube
Authors: McCandless David W. , Scott William J. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract6‐Aminonicotinamide (6‐AN) is a potent metabolic inhibitor which produces central nervous system malformations when administered to pregnant rats. Since the antimetabolite interferes with energy yielding pathways, the present study was undertaken to determine the effect of maternally administered 6‐AN on energy metabolism of the neural tube in developing embryos. On day 9 of gestation, pregnant rats were injected with 2 mg/kg 6‐AN, and embryos removed 12 or 24 hours later. Glucose, glycogen, lactate, ATP, PCr, and GABA were measured in neural tube sections using fluorometric techniques. Only ATP and PCr showed changes as compared to appropriate controls. These two metabolites were increased 29% and 37%, respectively, by 6‐AN administration. The mechanism of these alterations in metabolites is unclear, but may be related to decreased metabolic demand.
Comparative studies on acetazolamide teratogenesis in pregnant rats, rabbits, and rhesus monkeys
Authors: Scott W. J. , Hirsch K. S. , DeSesso J. M. , Wilson J. G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAcetazolamide produces a characteristic forelimb reduction deformity when administered to pregnant rodents. Past studies indicated that non‐rodent species (rabbit and monkey) are resistant to this effect. The present studies confirmed this fact and demonstrated that transport of acetazolamide into the rabbit embryo was similar to that in sensitive rat embryos. In monkeys, however, the concentrations of acetazolamide within maternal plasma and embryo were much lower than in rats. Carbonic anhydrase activity was also measured since inhibition of this enzyme is the primary pharmacologic effect of acetazolamide. Again the rabbit embryo had carbonic anhydrase specific activity levels similar to that of the rat. Monkey embryos, on the other hand, contained negligible levels of enzyme activity during the presumed sensitive period of development. Thus the resistance of monkey embryos to acetazolamide teratogenesis may be due to low carbonic anhydrase activity and/or the small amount of drug reaching the embryo. No basis for the resistance of rabbit embryos to acetazolamide teratogenesis was uncovered.
Splayleg: A spontaneous limb defect in rabbits. Genetics, gross anatomy, and microscopy
Authors: Joosten Harrie F. P. , Wirtz Peter , Verbeek Herman O. F. , Hoekstra Arend 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA limb defect in rabbits known as splayleg arose in a closed breeding colony of Dutch rabbits. Since the causes of this postural deformity are not fully understood, an effort was made to clarify the mode of inheritance and the etiology of the disease.Pedigree analysis and genetic mating tests showed that, in contrast to published reports, the disease is not determined by a single recessive gene with complete expressivity. The underlying genetic system is composed of one recessive gene with reduced expressivity or of more genes with the probable involvement of environmental factors.Femurs of abnormal limbs displayed endotorsion of the shaft and anteversion of the neck as the main features. Endotorsion of the femur was associated with exotorsion of the tibia. Dislocation of the hip was not observed. There was no abnormal laxity of the joint capsule or the ligamentum teres. Only minor differences in the acetabulum between control and splayleg rabbits were observed.Enzyme histochemistry and electron microscopy of the gluteus medius, adductor longus‐ and magnus, sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscles and the femoral, peroneal, and tibial nerves did not reveal any qualitative differences between splayleg and control rabbits. A study on muscle fiber diameter showed that fibers of splayleg animals were in general smaller, pa ticularly in the semitendinosus. Atypical mitochondria of muscles were observed in all rabbits, but more frequently in splayleg animals.A hypothesis is presented in which imbalanced development of the neural, muscular and skeletal systems of the limb is the primary defect. This results in torsion of the femur. It depends on the degree of femoral torsion and the capacity of the young rabbit for compensation by exorotation of the limb in the hip whether a persistant splayleg posture will develop.
Pathogenicity of influenza A virus in ependymal organ culture
Authors: Kohn D. F. , Chinookoswong N. , Magill L. S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractEpendymal organ culture was used as a model to study the effect of influenza A virus on the ciliated ependyma of the rat. One‐square‐millimeter portions of cerebellum from newborn rats were harvested in roller tubes containing Ham's F‐12 medium, calf serum, and glutamine. Ciliary activity was monitored by stereomicroscopy and, after vigorous ciliary motion was established, tubes were inoculated with 0.1 ml of an inoculum containing 35 plaque‐forming units (PFU) of neurotropic influenza A virus (WSN strain). Explants were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 2 and 7 days and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at 7 days. When compared to noninfected controls, SEM showed that at 2 days the density of microvilli and cilia was decreased in influenza A virus‐infected explants. At 7 days the ependymal cells were nearly denuded of cilia and microvilli, and macrophagelike cells were frequently resting upon the ependymal surface. TEM showed numerous viral particles, both budding from the cell surface and located extracellularly near the cell surface.
A genetic factor controlling morphogenesis of the laryngotracheo‐esophageal complex in the mouse
Authors: Essien Francine B. , Maderious Alan 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA new autosomal, recessive lethal mutation in the mouse causes failure of division of the embryonic foregut into totally separate digestive and respiratory ducts. The newborn homozygote has a cleft that extends between the laryngotracheal and esophageal tubes, allowing excessive air to pass into the stomach and subsequently into the peritoneal cavity. This mutation has been designated lec (laryngotracheo‐esophageal cleft). The common region shared by the respiratory and digestive tubes has features characteristic of both structures. Development of cartilage around the laryngotracheo‐esophageal complex is also affected in the mutant.
Unusual cardiac malformations in splenogonadal fusion‐peromelia syndrome: Relationship to normal development
Authors: Loomis Karl F. , Moore G. William , Hutchins Grover M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA male newborn infant, studied at autopsy, showed continuous splenogonadal fusion and severe peromelia associated with an unusual, possibly unique, cardiac malformation complex. The cardiac lesions included multiple right ventricular diverticula, tricuspid atresia, mitral to semilunar valve discontinuity, and absent muscular outflow tract septum. Tabulation of the time of appearance of relevant anatomic features in 351 normal human embryos of Carnegie stages 9 through 23 showed that the teratogenic influence in the present case probably occurred by stages 16–17. The nature and distribution of lesions observed suggest that proliferating undifferentiated mesenchme was the target of the unknown injury.