bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giant proximal left anterior descending aneurysm causing multi-vessel myocardial ischaemia: the pressure is on—a case report
Authors: Rutherford Alexander , Chandrasekaran Badrinathan , Petrou Mario , Ramcharitar Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Giant coronary artery aneurysms are a rare cause of myocardial ischaemia. Due to the rarity and variety of presentation of these cases, no standardized investigation or treatment has been established for management. We report a case study of a giant proximal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary aneurysm causing myocardial ischaemia due to the pressure effect from the weight of the aneurysm as well as from a change in rheology from a ‘steal effect’ on both the LAD and left circumflex (LCx) arteries.

Case summary
A 55-year-old patient presents initially with a history of angina. Initial investigation with computed tomography (CT) was suboptimal, requiring invasive diagnostic angiography, which detects a giant proximal LAD aneurysm. Subsequent investigations, with CT-fractional flow reserve (FFR) and stress echocardiography (ECHO), correlated to identify multi-vessel ischaemia resulting from the aneurysm. The patient was managed with multi-disciplinary team–led surgical resection and triple coronary artery bypass grafts with good results.

Discussion
This case highlights the complexity of coronary anomalies and importance of additional functional three-dimensional imaging on top of the static computational tomography coronary angiography analysis. Together, these two complimentary investigations qualitatively enabled the assessment of anomaly with surrounding structures such that the possibility of a mass effect on the LCx artery results in a positive stress test. Furthermore, this is a novel use of CT-FFR for coronary anomalies and it demonstrated good correlation of LAD territory ischaemia between CT-FFR and the stress ECHO.
Severe mitral stenosis masquerading as cardiogenic shock successfully managed with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and percutaneous mitral commissurotomy: a case report
Authors: Jalil Syed , Ahmed Ashraf , Abdalla Mahmoud , Al-Hijji Mohammed 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Rheumatic fever is still a major cause of mitral valve (MV) stenosis in the developing world. Few patients with critical rheumatic MV stenosis can present with acute cardiogenic shock (CS) that requires urgent treatment with circulatory support and definitive valvular repair or replacement.

Case summary
A 37-year-old gentleman was admitted with heart failure, CS Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions D, and atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response. He had no prior medical history. He had multiple organ failures and required intubation, two DC shocks of 200 joules without haemodynamic improvement, continuous renal replacement therapy, and medical and mechanical circulatory support using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). His echocardiography showed severe rheumatic mitral stenosis (mitral valve area 2D of 0.7 cm2, mean diastolic gradient of 17 mmHg, Wilkins score 7). His Society of Thoracic Surgery score and EuroScore were 50.1% and 12.1%, respectively. Thus, a percutaneous transcatheter mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) was decided as the definitive treatment in a multidisciplinary team meeting. Following the procedure, the patient’s circulatory support was gradually weaned off, and he was successfully extubated with a marked improvement in his renal functions. The patient achieved a complete recovery without any long-term sequelae.

Discussion
Cardiogenic shock related to severe rheumatic MV stenosis requires multidisciplinary team management with prompt diagnosis, initiation of the most appropriate mechanical support device (e.g. ECMO or tandem heart), and relief of the MV obstruction. Percutaneous transcatheter mitral commissurotomy can be the preferred option in this setting if the valve is pliable.
Endpoint adjudication in cardiovascular clinical trials
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Usman Muhammad Shariq , Van Spall Harriette G C , Greene Stephen J , Baqal Omar , Felker Gary Michael , Bhatt Deepak L , Januzzi James L , Butler Javed 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Endpoint adjudication (EA) is a common feature of contemporary randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in cardiovascular medicine. Endpoint adjudication refers to a process wherein a group of expert reviewers, known as the clinical endpoint committee (CEC), verify potential endpoints identified by site investigators. Events that are determined by the CEC to meet pre-specified trial definitions are then utilized for analysis. The rationale behind the use of EA is that it may lessen the potential misclassification of clinical events, thereby reducing statistical noise and bias. However, it has been questioned whether this is universally true, especially given that EA significantly increases the time, effort, and resources required to conduct a trial. Herein, we compare the summary estimates obtained using adjudicated vs. non-adjudicated site designated endpoints in major cardiovascular RCTs in which both were reported. Based on these data, we lay out a framework to determine which trials may warrant EA and where it may be redundant. The value of EA is likely greater when cardiovascular trials have nuanced primary endpoints, endpoint definitions that align poorly with practice, sub-optimal data completeness, greater operator variability, and lack of blinding. EA may not be needed if the primary endpoint is all-cause death or all-cause hospitalization. In contrast, EA is likely merited for more nuanced endpoints such as myocardial infarction, bleeding, worsening heart failure as an outpatient, unstable angina, or transient ischaemic attack. A risk-based approach to adjudication can potentially allow compromise between costs and accuracy. This would involve adjudication of a small proportion of events, with further adjudication done if inconsistencies are detected.
Reliable Contributors? Leadership Turnover, Regime Type, and Commitments to Peacekeeping
Authors: Oestman Jared , Passmore Timothy J A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While studies have investigated why states contribute personnel to peacekeeping operations, little consideration has been given to how domestic political factors influence state contributions. We argue that changes in executive power that involve a shift in the domestic source of leadership support cause fluctuations in troop deployments, leading to inconsistent contribution behavior. However, we argue that this effect is attenuated in more democratic states since greater overlaps in the preferences of domestic groups are present and political institutions exist to constrain major policy shifts. Analysis of state troop commitments to UN peacekeeping from 1991 to 2018 supports this argument. This research highlights the often overlooked role of domestic policy processes in peacekeeping contributions while moving beyond considering why some states contribute relatively more personnel to address variation within countries. The findings indicate that while democracies typically contribute fewer peacekeepers, they tend to be more consistent contributors in the face of leadership turnover.
Needs for Aging in Place: Views of Older Moroccan Adults in the Netherlands
Authors: Hussein Hager , Cramm Jane Murray , Nieboer Anna Petra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Due to health and/or financial limitations, older migrants may become especially dependent on their neighborhoods, highlighting the importance of investigating their experiences. We explored older Moroccan adults’ views on the relative importance of neighborhood resources for aging in place.

Research Design and Methods
Thirty Moroccans aged ≥65 years residing in Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, and Utrecht were interviewed and asked to perform a ranking task developed with the combined quantitative and qualitative Q methodology. They ranked the relative importance of 38 statements representing the World Health Organization’s 8 global age-friendly cities domains, with explanation of their reasoning. By-person factor analysis was performed to identify factors representing distinct viewpoints, which were interpreted with reference to the interviewees’ comments.

Results
Four viewpoints were identified: “home sweet home”; “connected, well-informed, and engaged”; “suitable and affordable living”; and “a lively neighborhood.” The perceived importance of neighborhood resources for aging in place differed among viewpoints.

Discussion and Implications
Older Moroccan adults prioritize different neighborhood resources for aging in place. Our findings suggest that their diverse needs can be satisfied by enabling family to live in close proximity, providing diverse, inclusive neighborhoods with affordable, suitable housing, understandable information, social/cultural activities, and care services for vulnerable groups. Future studies may build on our findings to explore older (migrant) adults’ views on needs for aging in place in the Netherlands and other western countries.
Perceptions of Hospital Care for Persons With Dementia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Social Media Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Ménard Alixe , O’Sullivan Tracey , Mulvey Michael , Belanger Christopher , Fraser Sarah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to many hospital service disruptions and strict visitor restrictions that affected care of older adult populations. This study investigates perceptions of hospital care for persons with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic as shared on Reddit’s social media platform.

Research Design and Methods
This study combined an Opinion Mining Framework with linguistic processing to conduct a sentiment analysis of word clusters and care-based content in a sample of 1,205 posts shared between February 2020 and March 2023 in Reddit’s English-language corpus. Data were classified based on reoccurring contiguous sequences of 2 words from our text sample.

Results
Hospital dementia care discourse on Reddit advanced 4 negative sentiment themes: (1) fear of poor medication management, hydration, and hygiene, (2) loss of patient advocacy, (3) precipitation of advance directive discussions, and (4) delayed discharge and loss of nursing home bed. One positive sentiment theme also emerged: gratitude toward hospital staff.

Discussion and Implications
Negative sentiment Reddit posts constituted a larger share of the posts than positive posts regarding hospital care for persons with dementia. People who posted about their experiences shared their concerns about hospital care deficiencies and the importance of including informal caregivers in hospital settings, particularly in the context of a pandemic. Implications exist for dementia training, improved quality of care, advance care planning, and transitions in care policies.
GM1 ganglioside protects against LPS-induced neuroinflammatory and oxidative responses by inhibiting the activation of Akt, TAK1 and NADPH oxidase in MG6 microglial cells
Authors: Yeh Ting-Yin , Chu Wen-Jui , Huang Yuahn-Sieh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
GM1 is a major brain ganglioside that exerts neurotrophic, neuroprotective and antineuroinflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to obtain insights into the antineuroinflammatory mechanisms of exogenous GM1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated MG6 mouse transformed microglial cell line. First, we found that GM1 prevented the LPS-induced transformation of microglia into an amoeboid-like shape. GM1 treatment inhibited LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in MG6 cells. In LPS-treated mice, GM1 also reduced striatal microglia activation and attenuated COX-2 expression. Subsequent mechanistic studies showed that GM1 suppressed LPS-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), two critical transcription factors responsible for the production of proinflammatory mediators. GM1 exhibited antineuroinflammatory properties by suppressing Akt/NF-κB signaling and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including p38 MAPK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Furthermore, GM1 suppressed LPS-induced activation of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), upstream regulators of the IκBα/NF-κB and MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathways. GM1 also inhibited NOX-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and protected against LPS-induced MG6 cell death, suggesting an antioxidant role of GM1. In conclusion, GM1 exerts both antineuroinflammatory and antioxidative effects by inhibiting Akt, TAK1 and NOX2 activation.
Maternal self-reported polycystic ovary syndrome with offspring and maternal cardiometabolic outcomes
Authors: Polinski K J , Robinson S L , Putnick D L , Sundaram R , Ghassabian A , Joseph P , Gomez-Lobo V , Bell E M , Yeung E H 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSTUDY QUESTIONDo children born to mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an adverse cardiometabolic profile including arterial stiffness at 9 years of age compared to other children?SUMMARY ANSWERChildren of mothers with PCOS did not have differing cardiometabolic outcomes than children without exposure.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADYWhile women with PCOS themselves have higher risk of cardiometabolic conditions such as obesity and diabetes, the evidence on intergenerational impact is unclear. Given in utero sequalae of PCOS (e.g. hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance), the increased risk could be to both boys and girls.STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATIONThe Upstate KIDS cohort is a population-based birth cohort established in 2008–2010 to prospectively study the impact of infertility treatment on children’s health. After ∼10 years of follow-up, 446 mothers and their 556 children attended clinical visits to measure blood pressure (BP), heart rate, arterial stiffness by pulse wave velocity (PWV), mean arterial pressure, lipids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and anthropometrics.PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODSWomen self-reported ever diagnoses of PCOS ∼4 months after delivery of their children in 2008–2010. Linear regression models applying generalized estimating equations to account for correlation within twins were used to examine associations with each childhood cardiometabolic outcome.MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCEIn this cohort with women oversampled on infertility treatment, ∼14% of women reported a PCOS diagnosis (n = 61). We observed similarities in BP, heart rate, PWV, lipids, hsCRP, HbA1c, and anthropometry (P-values &gt;0.05) among children born to mothers with and without PCOS. Associations did not differ by child sex.LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTIONThe sample size of women with PCOS precluded further separation of subgroups (e.g. by hirsutism). The population-based approach relied on self-reported diagnosis of maternal PCOS even though self-report has been found to be valid. Participants were predominantly non-Hispanic White and a high proportion were using fertility treatment due to the original design. Differences in cardiometabolic health may be apparent later in age, such as after puberty.WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGSOur results provide some reassurance that cardiometabolic factors do not differ in children of women with and without self-reported PCOS during pregnancy.STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)Supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, United States (contracts #HHSN275201200005C, #HHSN267200700019C, #HHSN275201400013C, #HHSN275201300026I/27500004, #HHSN275201300023I/27500017). The authors have no conflicts of interest.REGISTRATION NUMBERNCT03106493
Relative Fontaine–Messing Theory Over Power Series Rings
Authors: Liu Tong , Moon Yong Suk , Patel Deepam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Let $k$ be a perfect field of characteristic $p&gt;2$, $R := W(k)[\![t_{1}, \dots , t_{d}]\!]$ be the power series ring over the Witt vectors, and $X$ be a smooth proper scheme over $R$. The main goal of this article is to extend classical Fontaine–Messing theory [ 13] to the setting where the base ring is $R$. In particular, we obtain comparison theorems between torsion crystalline cohomology of $X/R$ and torsion étale cohomology in this setting.
Smart container port development: recent technologies and research advances
Authors: Wang Wenyuan , Peng Yun , Xu Xinglu , Li Xiangda , Liu Huakun , Liu Suri , Yan Xinru 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Smart port construction projects have gradually emerged across the world in recent years, owing to the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Cloud, and the Internet of Things (IoT). However, for the advantages and limitations of smart port project construction technology and construction methods, people temporarily lack a systematic understanding and summary. In this article, by checking the number of publications, geographical distribution and keyword cluster distribution, the research status and technical progress of the development of smart container ports are comprehensively reviewed from three aspects: port data acquisition technology, facilities and equipment, and intelligent decision-making. The research conclusions can provide references for the development of smart container ports and guide the future development of smart container ports.
Structural characteristics and functional properties of a fucose containing prebiotic exopolysaccharide from Bifidobacterium breve NCIM 5671
Authors: Baruah Rwivoo , Kumar P Pramod , Gangani Surabhi , Prashanth K V Harish , Halami Prakash M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aim
To evaluate the structure and functions of capsular exopolysaccharide (CPS) from Bifidobacterium breve NCIM 5671.

Methods and results
A CPS produced by the probiotic bacteria B. breve NCIM 5671 was isolated and subjected to characterization through GC analysis, which indicated the presence of rhamnose, fucose, galactose, and glucose in a molar ratio of 3:1:5:3. The average molecular weight of the CPS was determined to be ∼8.5 × 105 Da. Further, NMR analysis revealed the probable CPS structure to be composed of major branched tetra- and penta-saccharide units alternately repeating and having both α- and β-configuration sugar residues. CPS displayed an encouraging prebiotic score for some of the studied probiotic bacteria. Compared to standard inulin, CPS showed better resistance to digestibility against human GI tract in vitro. DPPH, total antioxidant, and ferric reducing assays carried out for CPS displayed decent antioxidant activity too.

Conclusion
This study indicates that the CPS from B. breve NCIM 5671 has the potential to be utilized as a prebiotic food supplement. It is a high-molecular-weight (∼8.5 × 105 Da) capsular heteropolysaccharide containing rhamnose, fucose, galactose, and glucose.
47 Navigating the Biotechnology Landscape in Animal Agriculture: Consumer and Producer Acceptance of Gene Editing to Improve Farm Animal Welfare
Authors: Ortega David L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Consumer demand for production process traits in food and agricultural products is rapidly increasing. Recent legal measures reflect the demand for high animal welfare standards. At the same time, consumers are wary of biotechnology applications in food and agriculture, with calls for natural or organic production across the industry. However, when biotechnologies are applied for the benefit of the consumer or address a consumer concern, they become more acceptable. Producers, however, may be hesitant to adopt biotechnologies, given concerns about market acceptance. This presentation will explore the economic foundations, challenges, and opportunities for consumer and producer acceptance of biotechnology applications in animal welfare, especially gene editing techniques. Using the pork and diary industries as case studies, this talk will discuss the emerging opportunities for future improvements through gene editing. Understanding the economic foundations of biotechnology used to improve animal welfare aids agricultural producers, scientists, and policymakers to make optimal decisions regarding how these important aspects of animal agriculture progress.
129 The Relationship Between Pulmonary Arterial Pressure Expected Progeny Differences and Methane Emissions
Authors: Zuvich Miranda L , Speidel Scott E , Torres-Quijada Isaac F , Raynor Edward J , Carvalho Pedro H V , Place Sara E , Stackhouse-Lawson Kim R , Enns R Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) expected progeny differences (EPD) and methane emissions. Pulmonary arterial pressure is an indicator of pulmonary arterial hypertension in cattle and is especially relevant at high altitudes, with increasing importance in moderate elevation feedlot and finishing systems. Enteric methane emissions from cattle are increasingly emphasized due to their contribution of greenhouse gases in the agricultural sector. As pulmonary arterial hypertension continues to be an issue in high altitudes and feedlots, understanding relationships with methane emission rates will be useful for both concomitant selection with the goal of improving environmental sustainability. The PAP EPD data were collected on 123 total heifers (n = 37) and steers (n = 86) located on a ranch in southern Wyoming at an elevation of 2,194.56 meters. Gas emissions were collected using a GreenFeed system (C-Lock, Rapid City, South Dakota), which measures the gas fluxes of individual animals at the CSU ARDEC facility at an elevation of 1,557.53 meters. Individual animal methane emissions were measured as grams/day. A generalized linear regression model was used to regress average daily methane emissions (mean = 163.08, SD = 38.74, min = 87.72, max = 247.03) on PAP EPD (mean = -0.464, SD = 1.565, min = -6.382, max = 4.286), pen, and age in days (mean = 258.2, SD = 20.009, min = 200, max = 298). The PAP EPD (P = 0.484) did not account for a significant amount of variation in methane emissions. Additionally, the effect of pen (P &lt; 0.05) and age (P &lt; 0.05) were significant sources of variation for methane production. The effects of pen had a range of 60.916 units of methane emission/day (P &lt; 0.05). Age of the individual was evaluated as a linear covariate and had a solution of 0.678 units of methane emission/day (P &lt; 0.05), suggesting that older individuals had increased methane emissions. These results show no statistical relationship between PAP EPD and methane in these data. While preliminary results suggest that selection for low PAP EPD individuals will have no adverse effects on sustainability metrics, future research is needed to fully understand the relationship between beef cattle production traits and sustainability metrics.