bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of the Constrained Formulation to the Nonlinear Sloshing Problem Based on the Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian Method
Authors: Hara Kensuke 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study deals with an application of constrained formulation to a nonlinear sloshing problem based on the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian finite element method (ALE). The ALE method incorporates a discretized form of equations of motion with mesh updating algorithms in order to prevent a problem of mesh distortion. This paper focuses on an analytical aspect of such treatments as constrained systems in the formulation of the ALE method. Since the mesh updating algorithms give algebraic relations for nodal coordinates, this study treats these relations as constraints. Then, we introduce formulation for constrained systems based on the method of Lagrange multipliers. As a result of this formulation, equations of motion are given by differential algebraic equations (DAEs) consisting of differential equations for time evolution of physical quantities and algebraic equations (constraints). The present method can be classified into a kind of augmented formulation. Moreover, we present a size-reduction technique used in the Newton–Raphson method in order to remove a part of the redundant degrees-of-freedom in the iterative procedures, because the resulting set of DAEs involves a larger number of unknowns than the minimal number of degrees-of-freedom due to the introduction of the constrained formulation. The derived reduced system still holds the physically essential part of equations of motion for the sloshing problem. Even though it is not reduced to the minimal degrees-of-freedom, it does not involve algebraically complicated and inefficient procedures in computation. In addition, this study presents a method to introduce damping effects defined in the modal space into the FEM models. The proposed approach is validated by comparisons with experimental data in the time domain analysis.
Privacy-Preserving Neural Networks for Smart Manufacturing
Authors: Lee Hankang , Finke Daniel , Yang Hui 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The rapid advance in sensing technology has expedited data-driven innovation in manufacturing by enabling the collection of large amounts of data from factories. Big data provides an unprecedented opportunity for smart decision-making in the manufacturing process. However, big data also attracts cyberattacks and makes manufacturing systems vulnerable due to the inherent value of sensitive information. The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) within smart factories also exposes manufacturing equipment susceptible to cyber threats, posing a critical risk to the integrity of smart manufacturing systems. Cyberattacks targeting manufacturing data can result in considerable financial losses and severe business disruption. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop AI models that incorporate privacy-preserving methods to protect sensitive information implicit in the models against model inversion attacks. Hence, this paper presents the development of a new approach called mosaic neuron perturbation (MNP) to preserve latent information in the framework of the AI model, ensuring differential privacy requirements while mitigating the risk of model inversion attacks. MNP is flexible to implement into AI models, balancing the trade-off between model performance and robustness against cyberattacks while being highly scalable for large-scale computing. Experimental results, based on real-world manufacturing data collected from the computer numerical control (CNC) turning process, demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves the ability to prevent inversion attacks while maintaining high prediction performance. The MNP method shows strong potential for making manufacturing systems both smart and secure by addressing the risk of data breaches while preserving the quality of AI models.
Test–Retest Reliability of 3 Specific Strength Tests in Professional Handball Players
Authors: Morenas-Aguilar Maria Dolores , Chirosa Rios Luis J. , Rodriguez-Perea Angela , Vázquez Diz Juan Antonio , Chirosa Rios Ignacio J. , Vera Vera José Fernando , Ruiz-Orellana Lorenzo , Jerez-Mayorga Daniel 
Published: October 2023

Context: Current devices to assess strength performance in handball may not be sufficiently sports-specific and reliable methods. Functional electromechanical dynamometry is a new technology that allows the development of accurate strength tests in athletes. Purpose: To determine the absolute and relative reliability and to compare the reliability of the right and left side, and mean and peak force of 3 specific strength tests in handball players with a functional electromechanical dynamometer: unilateral pullover, standing lift, and step forward. Methods: Fourteen male handball players of the first Spanish division (28.79 [4.81] y; 10.38 [4.63] y of professional experience) performed a repeated-measurement design. Three testing sessions were performed (one per week). The first measurement consisted of 4 isometric tests (right and left unilateral pullover, and right and left standing lift) to obtain isometric peak force, and in the second and third sessions, 6 incremental tests until failure (right and left unilateral pullover, and right and left standing lift, right and left step forward) were performed. Results: The tests provided high reliability or acceptable reliability for mean and peak strength of unilateral pullover, standing lift and step forward (intraclass correlation coefficient = .83–.97; coefficient of variation = 3.90–11.57). Effect side was negligible in any of the parameters, except for a small effect side in the left peak force for unilateral pullover and a small effect side on the left side for a step forward. Significant differences in reliability (coefficient of variation ratio > 1.15) were found between the right and left sides and peak and mean force in all exercises except peak force in unilateral pullover and step forward. Conclusion: These results confirm that the tests could be applied to assess physical performance in handball at the same time as regular gym training. Moreover, this is an excellent opportunity to individualize the player’s weekly load.
Temporal and geographic distribution of gut microbial enterotypes associated with host thermogenesis characteristics in plateau pikas
Authors: Tang Xianjiang , Zhang Liangzhi , Ren Shi'en , Zhao Yaqi , Zhang Yanming 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Differentiation of the gut microbiota between individuals within a species can be identified by enterotypes. However, whether different enterotypes are associated with host-related physiological status and adaptation to specific habitats is still poorly understood. In this study, we collected 308 cecal samples from plateau pikas during varying seasons and altitudes. We identified three bacterial and two fungal enterotypes. The proportion of
Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group
- and
Prevotella
-predominated enterotype 3 was higher than that of the other two enterotypes in all samples. Enterotype 1, distinguished by norank
Muribaculaceae
, was mainly detected during the warm season and at high altitudes, whereas enterotype 2, which is unclassified
Lachnospiraceae
, was mainly detected during the cold season. Plateau pikas with bacterial enterotypes 2 and 3 showed significantly higher alpha diversity than those with enterotype 1, while pikas with fungal enterotype 1 displayed higher diversity than those with enterotype 2. Functional pathways of lipid metabolism were enriched in bacterial enterotype 1, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism were enriched in enterotype 2, and energy metabolism was enriched in enterotype 3. The neutral process was more important in bacterial enterotype 3 than in enterotypes 1 and 2. The body temperature and resting metabolic rate of pikas with bacterial enterotypes 1 and 3 were significantly higher than those with enterotype 2. Pikas with unclassified
Sporormiaceae
- and
Sporormiella
-dominated fungal enterotypes may engage more frequently in coprophagy. Overall, this study revealed that both gut bacterial and fungal communities in pikas can be clustered into enterotypes, and individuals with different enterotypes showed significant differences in thermogenesis.

IMPORTANCE
The gut microbiotas of small mammals play an important role in host energy homeostasis. However, it is still unknown whether small mammals with different enterotypes show differences in thermogenesis characteristics. Our study confirmed that plateau pikas with different bacterial enterotypes harbored distinct thermogenesis capabilities and employed various strategies against cold environments. Additionally, we also found that pikas with different fungal enterotypes may display differences in coprophagy.
L-glutamine protects against enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli
infection by inhibiting bacterial virulence and enhancing host defense concurrently
Authors: Fang Fang , Xue Yunxin , Xu Xuefang , Fang Dingli , Liu Weijia , Zhong Ying , Han Jinping , Li Yunhe , Tao Qian , Lu Rong , Ma Cong , Kumar Arvind , Wang Dai 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli
(EHEC) can colonize the gastrointestinal tract and cause bloody diarrhea in children. Previous studies showed that its pathogenesis could be mediated by metabolites from both the host and microbiota. L-Glutamine (Gln) was found to be depleted in intestinal tissues as the main energy source according to previous studies. Hence, we aimed to determine the effects of Gln on EHEC infection and its underlying mode of action. In this study, a Gln-limited signal was found to activate the type 3 secretion system (T3SS), which is crucial for EHEC infection
via
perturbation of central metabolism. By shifting the phosphorylation of NtrC, a key regulator in bacterial nitrogen metabolism, Gln stimulates
ler
transcripts in a σ
S
-PchA-dependent manner. Our
in vivo
experiments further demonstrated that Gln supplementation can reduce EHEC colonization in the gastrointestinal tract by repressing T3SS. Moreover, Gln could further attenuate bacterial infection by boosting host defense, which might be dependent on multiple pathways. Besides, our experiments demonstrated that Gln did not induce Shiga-like toxin (Stx) production or cause impairment of gut flora. In conclusion, our study presented evidence that Gln could act against EHEC infection by reducing bacterial virulence and strengthening host defense. Therefore, Gln serves as a promising therapeutic agent for EHEC infection.

IMPORTANCE

The type 3 secretion system (T3SS) was obtained in many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, and it is crucial for their pathogenesis. Environmental signals were found to be involved in the expression regulation of T3SS, which was vital for successful bacterial infection in the host. Here, we discovered that L-glutamine (Gln), the most abundant amino acid in the human body, could repress enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli
(EHEC) T3SS expression
via
nitrogen metabolism and therefore had potential as an antivirulence agent. Our
in vitro
and
in vivo
evidence demonstrated that Gln could decline EHEC infection by attenuating bacterial virulence and enhancing host defense simultaneously. We repurpose Gln as a potential treatment for EHEC infection accordingly.
Characterization of T-cell subsets in response to foot-and-mouth disease bivalent inactivated vaccine in Chinese Holstein cows
Authors: Zhang Zhipeng , Wang Dasheng , Yao Yiyang , Yang Jiayu , Yang Zhangping , Yang Yi 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Traditional vaccine efficacy evaluation predominantly relies on antibody levels, while the assessment of T-cell responses remains underexplored. In this study, we employed multi-parameter flow cytometry to comprehensively analyze T-cell responses in cows vaccinated against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). We categorized the cows into high and low vaccine potency groups based on antibody levels and investigated differences in T-cell responses between these groups. Phenotypic analysis revealed a significant reduction in CD4, CD8, and γδ T cells in peripheral blood following FMD vaccine inoculation, concomitant with altered CD44 expression. Intriguingly, FMD vaccination induced a marked increase in the percentage of CD4
+
CD8
+
double-positive (DP) T cells in cow peripheral blood. Notably, cows with high vaccine potency exhibited a significantly higher proportion of CD4
+
CD8
+
DP T cells compared to those with low potency post-vaccination, suggesting their potential involvement in FMD vaccine-induced immune protection, possibly through the regulation of B-cell antibody secretion. Additionally, FMD vaccination led to the generation of central memory CD4 and CD8 T cells but not γδ T cells. Our groundbreaking findings shed light on the latent function of CD4
+
CD8
+
DP T cells in FMD vaccine-induced immune protection and established a novel method for evaluating FMD vaccine efficacy based on T-cell responses.

IMPORTANCE

Vaccination plays a crucial role in the prevention and control of FMD; however, outbreaks persist occurring worldwide. Assessing the immune response to FMD vaccines is essential for effective prevention of FMD. In this study, a seven-color flow cytometry protocol was developed to systematically evaluate the T-cell response of Chinese Holstein cows vaccinated with FMD bivalent inactivated vaccine. Our findings showed that while most T-cell subsets (%) decreased post-vaccination, a significant increase was observed in CD4
+
CD8
+
DP T cells, which was consistent with the levels of specific foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) antibodies. These findings suggested that CD4
+
CD8
+
DP T cells could serve as a potential biomarker for the evaluation of cellular and humoral responses to FMDV vaccination. Additionally, we should be aware of the potential decline in cellular immunity among cattle during FMD vaccination, as this may increase the risk of other pathogen-related issues.
Comprehensive proteomic analysis of JC polyomavirus-infected human astrocytes and their extracellular vesicles
Authors: Oberholster Larise , Mathias Amandine , Perriot Sylvain , Blaser Emma , Canales Mathieu , Jones Samuel , Culebras Lucas , Gimenez Marie , Kaynor G. Campbell , Sapozhnik Alexey , Richetin Kevin , Goelz Susan , Du Pasquier Renaud 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is an opportunistic virus that remains in a latent state in the kidneys and lymphoid organs of more than half of the human adult population. In rare cases of severe immune suppression, the virus is able to establish a lytic infection of glial cells in the brain, resulting in a debilitating, demyelinating disease known as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Because of the exceptional species and tissue specificity of the virus, appropriate models of JCPyV infection in the brain are lacking, thus hampering progress toward the development of novel antiviral strategies and biomarkers of disease activity. While PML has traditionally been characterized as a lytic infection of oligodendrocytes, more recent findings suggest an important role for astrocytes during the initial stages of disease. Here, using human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived astrocytes coupled with a multiparametric approach, we show that (i) JCPyV readily infects and replicates in astrocytes, (ii) JCPyV strongly dysregulates the cell biology, and (iii) these results adequately reflect
ex vivo
findings. We perform an in-depth characterization of the effect of JCPyV on the cell proteome over time, demonstrating a strong dysregulation of the cell cycle and activation of the DNA damage response. Furthermore, we show that the proteomic signature observed for infected astrocytes is extended to extracellular vesicles, underlining their potential as a resource to gain valuable insights into JCPyV infection in the brain.

IMPORTANCE
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a crimpling demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by JC polyomavirus (JCPyV). Much about JCPyV propagation in the brain remains obscure because of a lack of proper animal models to study the virus in the context of the disease, thus hampering efforts toward the development of new antiviral strategies. Here, having established a robust and representative model of JCPyV infection in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes, we are able to fully characterize the effect of JCPyV on the biology of the cells and show that the proteomic signature observed for JCPyV-infected astrocytes is extended to extracellular vesicles (EVs). These data suggest that astrocyte-derived EVs found in body fluids might serve as a rich source of information relevant to JCPyV infection in the brain, opening avenues toward better understanding the pathogenesis of the virus and, ultimately, the identification of new antiviral targets.
Predictors of and healthcare utilisation of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in Thailand: a national cross-sectional community-based study in 2015
Authors: Kengganpanich Mondha , Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveThe prevalence of depressive symptoms and healthcare utilisation among the ageing population in Thailand is unclear. The study assessed the predictors of and healthcare utilisation of depressive symptoms among an ageing population in Thailand.DesignCross-sectional, population-based study.SettingNational sample of people aged 45 years and older in Thailand from the 2015 Health, Ageing and Retirement in Thailand (HART) study.ParticipantsThe sample included 5135 individuals (≥45 years) with complete depressive symptoms data from the 2015 HART study.Outcome measuresDepressive symptoms were measured with the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between sociodemographic factors, health factors and depressive symptoms, and the associations between depressive symptoms and different types of healthcare utilisation.ResultsThe study population included 5135 participants with a median age of 66 years. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 13.9%. The proportion of past 2 year hospital admission was 12.8%, hospital outpatient 49.7%, health centre outpatient 26.2%, private clinic 8.4%, traditional medical practitioner 2.8%, medical home visit 4.9% and past-year medical check-up 50.3%. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, low income, residing in the Southern region, history of a cardiovascular disease, brain diseases and/or psychiatric problems and functional disability were positively associated with depressive symptoms. Male sex, being a Buddhist, urban residence, high religious involvement, moderate and high physical activity were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. In fully adjusted logistic regression models, depressive symptoms were positively associated with hospital inpatient utilisation, hospital outpatient utilisation, health centre utilisation and utilisation of a traditional medicine practitioner.ConclusionsMore than one in 10 participants had depressive symptoms. Chronic conditions, sociodemographic factors, physical inactivity and low religious involvement increased the odds of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, depressive symptoms increased the odds of conventional and traditional healthcare utilisation.
Equity in health service utilisation among middle-aged and elderly people with multiple chronic conditions in China: evidence from longitudinal data of 2011–2018 CHARLS
Authors: Zhang Tianjiao , Su Min , Li Dongxu , Zhang Weile , Yang Fan , Li Wenhui 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesEquity in health service utilisation is a central objective for health systems. Middle-aged and elderly patients with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) are particularly vulnerable to healthcare inequity. This study aimed to update the information on the trends in the incidence and equity of outpatient health service utilisation (OHSU) and inpatient health service utilisation (IHSU) for middle-aged and elderly MCCs patients in China, identify socioeconomic determinants that may contribute to inequity, and suggest optimisation strategies to mitigate this disparity.MethodsPanel data obtained from four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were used to determine the trends in OHSU and IHSU. The inequity in OHSU and IHSU was measured by the Concentration Index (CI) and Horizontal Inequity Index (HI), which is a valid measure of health service utilisation equity. The decomposition model of the CI was set up to explore the contribution of various determinants of overall equity.ResultsThe annual rate of OHSU gradually decreased from 29.32% in 2011 to 27.27% in 2018. The HI remained positive and decreased from 0.0803 in 2011 to 0.0662 in 2018, indicating the existence of pro-rich inequity. The annual rate of IHSU gradually increased from 13.31% in 2011 to 19.89% in 2018. The HI remained positive and showed a declining trend from 0.2363 in 2011 to 0.0574 in 2018, evidencing pro-rich inequity; however, a trend towards the easing of inequity was observed.ConclusionsPro-rich inequity was present in both OHSU and IHSU among middle-aged and elderly MCCs patients in China. Economic status, area, education and age were the main contributors to pro-rich inequity. Concerted efforts are needed to allocate resources for mitigating health service utilisation inequity in middle-aged and elderly people with MCCs.
Evaluating interactive weekly mobile phone text messaging plus motivational interviewing for breastfeeding promotion among women living with HIV, giving normal birth at a primary healthcare facility in South Africa: a feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zunza Moleen , Young Taryn , Cotton Mark , Slogrove Amy , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Kuhn Louise , Thabane Lehana 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesWe assessed the feasibility of an appropriately powered randomised trial by evaluating whether participants could be recruited and retained, and sought preliminary information on exclusive breastfeeding rates.SettingPrimary healthcare facility, serving a rural community.ParticipantsWomen initiating breast feeding within 24 hours of giving birth, on antiretroviral treatment and aged ≥18 years.InterventionsWe randomised mother–infant pairs to receive weekly text messaging encouraging exclusive breast feeding plus in-person individual motivational interviews post partum at weeks 2, 6 and 10, or standard infant feeding counselling.Outcome measuresThe feasibility endpoints included number of participants who consented to participate and number with complete evaluation of infant feeding practices at study visits. Exploratory endpoints included number of participants who exclusively breast fed at 24 weeks post partum and number of participants adhering to study protocol.ResultsOf 123 mothers screened, 52 participants consented for participation. We recruited an average of five participants per month over 11 months. Most participants were unemployed (75%), had some high school education (84%) and had disclosed their HIV status to someone close (88%). About 65% participants completed outcome evaluation at week 10, decreasing to 35% at week 24. Twenty participants had the week 24 visit planned between 20 March and August 2020, during COVID-19 lockdown. Of these, 4 completed the visit telephonically, 16 were lost to follow-up. Exclusive breastfeeding rate remained relatively high across both groups through week 24. The difference in exclusive breastfeeding rates between the intervention and control groups was minimal: rate difference 22.2% (95% CI −20.1% to 64.5%).ConclusionsWith a large eligible target population, recruitment targets could be achieved for a large trial. Strategies to retain participants, such as remote monitoring and in-person follow-up visits, will be essential.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT02949713) and Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR201611001855404).