bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial Distributions of Diarrheal Cases in Relation to Housing Conditions in Informal Settlements: A Cross-Sectional Study in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Pessoa Colombo Vitor , Chenal Jérôme , Koné Brama , Koffi Jeanne d’Arc , Utzinger Jürg 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn addition to individual practices and access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities, housing conditions may also be associated with the risk of diarrhea. Our study embraced a broad approach to health determinants by looking at housing deprivation characteristics as exposures of interest and confronting the latter’s spatial distribution to that of diarrheal cases. We tested the hypothesis that the risk of diarrhea in informal settlements is not only associated with WASH services, but also with inadequate dwelling characteristics, and that their spatial distributions follow similar patterns. We designed a cross-sectional study and collected primary data through georeferenced household surveys in two informal settlements in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. We used local join count statistics to assess the spatial distribution of events and multiple logistic regressions to calculate adjusted odds ratios between diarrhea and exposures. A total of 567 households were enrolled. We found that constant access to basic WASH services, non-durable building materials, cooking outdoors, and water service discontinuity were associated with higher risks of diarrhea in the general population. The spatial distribution of diarrheal cases coincided with that of dwelling deprivation characteristics. We observed significant heterogeneity within the study sites regarding the spatial distribution of diarrheal cases and deprived dwellings. Along with WASH infrastructure, communities also need dignified housing to effectively prevent diarrhea. We recommend that decision-makers acknowledge a “spectrum” of deprivation within the heterogeneous universe of informal settlements, adopting a site-specific approach based on high-resolution data to address diarrhea and improve people’s well-being.
Social Risk Factors That Increase Cardiovascular and Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Obeidat Omar , Charles Kipson R. , Akhter Nausheen , Tong Ann 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and breast cancer (BC) are significant causes of mortality globally, imposing a substantial health burden. This review article aims to examine the shared risk factors and social determinants that contribute to the high prevalence of both diseases, with a focus on social risk factors.

Recent Findings
The common risk factors for CVD and BC, such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, aging, and physical inactivity, are discussed, emphasizing their modifiability. Adhering to ideal cardiovascular health behaviors has shown a trend toward lower BC incidence. Increased risk of CVD-related mortality is significantly impacted by age and race in BC patients, especially those over 45 years old. Additionally, racial disparities in both diseases highlight the need for targeted interventions. Social determinants of health, including socioeconomic status, education, employment, and neighborhood context, significantly impact outcomes for both CVD and BC.

Summary
Addressing social factors is vital in reducing the burden of both CVD and BC and improving overall health equity.
Restringing some coral beads — nomenclatural notes on Nertera (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Turner I. M. 
Published: October 2023

SummaryGeophila humifusa is reduced to the synonymy of Nertera granadensis. A new combination, Nertera major, is proposed to replace Nertera assurgens, as the name for a species endemic to Tristan da Cunha. Nine lectotypes are designated.
Performance Benefits of Pre- and Per-cooling on Self-paced Versus Constant Workload Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: van de Kerkhof Tessa M. , Bongers Coen C. W. G. , Périard Julien D. , Eijsvogels Thijs M. H. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background and Objective
Exercise in hot environments impairs endurance performance. Cooling interventions can attenuate the impact of heat stress on performance, but the influence of an exercise protocol on the magnitude of performance benefit remains unknown. This meta-analytical review compared the effects of pre- and per-cooling interventions on performance during self-paced and constant workload exercise in the heat.

Methods
The study protocol was preregistered at the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/wqjb3). A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE from inception to 9 June, 2023. We included studies that examined the effects of pre- or per-cooling on exercise performance in male individuals under heat stress (> 30 °C) during self-paced or constant workload exercise in cross-over design studies. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for randomized trials.

Results
Fifty-nine studies (n = 563 athletes) were identified from 3300 records, of which 40 (n = 370 athletes) used a self-paced protocol and 19 (n = 193 athletes) used a constant workload protocol. Eighteen studies compared multiple cooling interventions and were included more than once (total n = 86 experiments and n = 832 paired measurements). Sixty-seven experiments used a pre-cooling intervention and 19 used a per-cooling intervention. Average ambient conditions were 34.0 °C [32.3–35.0 °C] and 50.0% [40.0–55.3%] relative humidity. Cooling interventions attenuated the performance decline in hot conditions and were more effective during a constant workload (effect size [ES] = 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44–0.81) compared with self-paced exercise (ES = 0.30, 95% CI 0.18–0.42, p = 0.004). A difference in performance outcomes between protocols was only observed with pre-cooling (ES = 0.74, 95% CI 0.50–0.98 vs ES = 0.29, 95% CI 0.17–0.42, p = 0.001), but not per-cooling (ES = 0.45, 95% CI 0.16–0.74 vs ES = 0.35, 95% CI 0.01–0.70, p = 0.68).

Conclusions
Cooling interventions attenuated the decline in performance during exercise in the heat, but the magnitude of the effect is dependent on exercise protocol (self-paced vs constant workload) and cooling type (pre- vs per-cooling). Pre-cooling appears to be more effective in attenuating the decline in exercise performance during a constant workload compared with self-paced exercise protocols, whereas no differences were found in the effectiveness of per-cooling.
Academic mobility from a big data perspective
Authors: Pollacci Laura , Milli Letizia , Bircan Tuba , Rossetti Giulio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the careers and movements of highly skilled people plays an ever-increasing role in today’s global knowledge-based economy. Researchers and academics are sources of innovation and development for governments and institutions. Our study uses scientific-related data to track careers evolution and Researchers’ movements over time. To this end, we define the Yearly Degree of Collaborations Index, which measures the annual tendency of researchers to collaborate intra-nationally, and two scores to measure the mobility in and out of countries, as well as their balance.
Methods and perceptions of success for patient recruitment in decentralized clinical studies
Authors: Miyata Brian L. , Tafuto Barbara , Jose Nadina 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Patient recruitment, diversity, and retention continue to impede successful and representative clinical studies. This systematic review aims to assess the impact of decentralized methods on recruitment, retention, and diversity in recent clinical studies. A systematic search of literature reporting on recruitment in decentralized clinical studies was performed. Studies were reviewed for those reporting the primary outcome of recruitment in decentralized clinical trials, observational studies, or those covering the topic of clinical trials. Secondary outcomes included retention, participant diversity, and participant satisfaction. This systematic search returned 13 studies highlighting the role of decentralized methods impacting participant recruitment, retention, and diversity in clinical studies. Eleven reported improved recruitment using decentralized methods. Seven of these reported improvements directly compared to traditional methods. Seven studies reported positive retention outcomes, with four directly comparing decentralized methods with traditional methods. Six studies were reported to have trended toward increased diversity in the demographics of the sample population, including race or geographic location. Related reviews have stated a lack of published comparable data to determine if decentralized clinical methods improved recruitment and retention. Results suggest this review addresses such a gap, providing data on how decentralized methods such as virtual visits can positively impact recruitment and retention.
By what measure? A signpost theory of the truth of doctrine
Authors: DeLaquil Edward 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article proposes a novel theory of the truth of doctrine. A signpost theory of the truth of doctrine is informed by practice-based philosophy of science. I argue that a theory of the truth of doctrine needs to explain the construction, use, and judgement of doctrine. So, I raise questions about the truth of doctrine in reference to the relation between a theory of the truth of doctrine and the role of doctrine in the religious practice of believers. I argue that a signpost theory of the truth of doctrine learns from an empirical understanding of measurement and modelling in scientific practice. The examples of entropy and time provide insights into the construction, use, and judgement of measurements and modelling in scientific practice. An empirical understanding of measurement in scientific practice provides resources for linking representations with reality without ignoring the contextual construction, use, and judgement of representations. I conclude with a brief articulation of how a signpost theory of the truth of doctrine learns from an empirical understanding of measurements and models in scientific practice by highlighting the similarities and differences between the construction, use, and judgement of doctrine and of scientific representations.
Approach to red blood cell transfusions in post-operative congenital heart disease surgery patients: when to stop?
Authors: Tanyildiz Murat , Gungormus Asiye , Erden Selin Ece , Ozden Omer , Bicer Mehmet , Akcevin Atif , Odemis Ender 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground:The best transfusion approach for CHD surgery is controversial. Studies suggest two strategies: liberal (haemoglobin ≤ 9.5 g/dL) and restrictive (waiting for transfusion until haemoglobin ≤ 7.0 g/dL if the patient is stable). Here we compare liberal and restrictive transfusion in post-operative CHD patients in a cardiac intensive care unit.Methods:Retrospective analysis was conducted on CHD patients who received liberal transfusion (2019–2021, n=53) and restrictive transfusion (2021–2022, n=43).Results:The two groups were similar in terms of age, gender, Paediatric Risk of Mortality-3 score, Paediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score, Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery-1 score, cardiopulmonary bypass time, vasoactive inotropic score, total fluid balance, mechanical ventilation duration, length of cardiac intensive care unit stay, and mortality. The liberal transfusion group had a higher pre-operative haemoglobin level than the restrictive group (p < 0.05), with no differences in pre-operative anaemia. Regarding the minimum and maximum post-operative haemoglobin levels during a cardiac intensive care unit stay, the liberal group had higher haemoglobin levels in both cases (p<0.01 and p=0.019, respectively). The number of red blood cell transfusions received by the liberal group was higher than that of the restrictive group (p < 0.001). There were no differences between the two groups regarding lactate levels at the time of and after red blood cell transfusion. The incidence of bleeding, re-operation, acute kidney injury, dialysis, sepsis, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome was similar.Conclusions:Restrictive transfusion may be preferable over liberal transfusion. Achieving similar outcomes with restrictive transfusions may provide promising evidence for future studies.
The advantages of naming rather than numbering the arteries of the pharyngeal arches
Authors: Anderson Robert H. , Graham Anthony , Hikspoors Jill P.J.M. , Lamers Wouter H. , Bamforth Simon D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractControversies continue as to how many pharyngeal arches, with their contained arteries, are to be found in the developing human. Resolving these controversies is of significance to paediatric cardiologists since many investigating abnormalities of the extrapericardial arterial pathways interpret their findings on the basis of persistence of a fifth set of such arteries within an overall complement of six sets. The evidence supporting such an interpretation is open to question. In this review, we present the history of the existence of six such arteries, emphasising that the initial accounts of human development had provided evidence for the existence of only five sets. We summarise the current evidence that substantiates these initial findings. We then show that the lesions interpreted on the basis of persistence of the non-existing fifth arch arteries are well described on the basis of the persistence of collateral channels, known to exist during normal development, or alternatively due to remodelling of the aortic sac.
MagNet—A Data‐Science Competition to Predict Disturbance Storm‐Time Index (Dst) From Solar Wind Data
Authors: Nair Manoj , Redmon Rob , Young Li‐Yin , Chulliat Arnaud , Trotta Belinda , Chung Christine , Lipstein Greg , Slavitt Isaac 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEnhanced interaction between solar‐wind and Earth's magnetosphere can cause space weather and geomagnetic storms that have the potential to damage critical technologies, such as magnetic navigation, radio communications, and power grids. The severity of a geomagnetic storm is measured using the disturbance‐storm‐time (Dst) index. The Dst index is calculated by averaging the horizontal component of the magnetic field observed at four near‐equatorial observatories and is used to drive geomagnetic disturbance models. As a key specification of the magnetospheric dynamics, the Dst index is used to drive geomagnetic disturbance models such as the High Definition Geomagnetic Model—Real Time. Since 1975, forecasting models have been proposed to forecast Dst solely from solar wind observations at the Lagrangian‐1 position. However, while the recent Machine‐Learning (ML) models generally perform better than other approaches, many are unsuitable for operational use. Recent exponential growth in data‐science research and the democratization of ML tools have opened up the possibility of crowd‐sourcing specific problem‐solving tasks with clear constraints and evaluation metrics. To this end, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s National Centers for Environmental Information and the University of Colorado's Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences conducted an open data‐science challenge called “MagNet: Model the Geomagnetic Field.” The challenge attracted 622 participants, resulting in 1,197 model submissions that used various ML approaches. The top models that met the evaluation criteria are operationally viable and retrainable and suitable for NOAA's operational needs. The paper summarizes the competition results and lessons learned.
Distribution and Evolution of Chorus Waves Modeled by a Neural Network: The Importance of Imbalanced Regression
Authors: Chu Xiangning , Bortnik Jacob , Li Wen , Shen Xiao‐Chen , Ma Qianli , Ma Donglai , Malaspina David , Huang Sheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhistler‐mode chorus waves play an essential role in the acceleration and loss of energetic electrons in the Earth’s inner magnetosphere, with the more intense waves producing the most dramatic effects. However, it is challenging to predict the amplitude of strong chorus waves due to the imbalanced nature of the data set, that is, there are many more non‐chorus data points than strong chorus waves. Thus, traditional models usually underestimate chorus wave amplitudes significantly during active times. Using an imbalanced regressive (IR) method, we develop a neural network model of lower‐band (LB) chorus waves using 7‐year observations from the EMFISIS instrument onboard Van Allen Probes. The feature selection process suggests that the auroral electrojet index alone captures most of the variations of chorus waves. The large amplitude of strong chorus waves can be predicted for the first time. Furthermore, our model shows that the equatorial LB chorus’s spatiotemporal evolution is similar to the drift path of substorm‐injected electrons. We also show that the chorus waves have a peak amplitude at the equator in the source MLT near midnight, but toward noon, there is a local minimum in amplitude at the equator with two off‐equator amplitude peaks in both hemispheres, likely caused by the bifurcated drift paths of substorm injections on the dayside. The IR‐based chorus model will improve radiation belt prediction by providing chorus wave distributions, especially storm‐time strong chorus. Since data imbalance is ubiquitous and inherent in space physics and other physical systems, imbalanced regressive methods deserve more attention in space physics.
The Short‐Time Prediction of Thermospheric Mass Density Based on Ensemble‐Transfer Learning
Authors: Wang Peian , Chen Zhou , Deng Xiaohua , Wang Jing‐Song , Tang Rongxing , Li Haimeng , Hong Sheng , Wu Zhiping 
Published: October 2023

AbstractReliable short‐time prediction of thermospheric mass density along the satellite orbit is always essential but challenging for the operation of Low‐Earth orbit satellites. In this paper, three machine‐learning prediction algorithms are investigated, including the Bidirectional Long Short‐Term Memory, the Transformer, and the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) ensemble model of the above models. We use satellite data from CHAMP, GOCE, and SWARM‐C to evaluate the robustness and accuracy of different density variations. The comparison demonstrates that all models achieve compelling predictions and are much better than NRLMSISE‐00. The LightGBM ensemble model (LE‐model) consistently outperforms others in accuracy and stability. Furthermore, when the obtained density data from the newly launched satellites are limited, the trained LE‐model can provide a valid prediction for the new satellite orbit by transfer learning. This study offers a promising insight into the short‐time prediction of thermospheric mass density using ensemble‐transfer learning and may be advantageous to future research on space whether.
First validation of a model-based hepatic percutaneous microwave ablation planning on a clinical dataset
Authors: Frackowiak Bruno , Van den Bosch Vincent , Tokoutsi Zoi , Baragona Marco , de Greef Martijn , Elevelt Aaldert , Isfort Peter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA model-based planning tool, integrated in an imaging system, is envisioned for CT-guided percutaneous microwave ablation. This study aims to evaluate the biophysical model performance, by comparing its prediction retrospectively with the actual ablation ground truth from a clinical dataset in liver. The biophysical model uses a simplified formulation of heat deposition on the applicator and a heat sink related to vasculature to solve the bioheat equation. A performance metric is defined to assess how the planned ablation overlaps the actual ground truth. Results demonstrate superiority of this model prediction compared to manufacturer tabulated data and a significant influence of the vasculature cooling effect. Nevertheless, vasculature shortage due to branches occlusion and applicator misalignment due to registration error between scans affects the thermal prediction. With a more accurate vasculature segmentation, occlusion risk can be estimated, whereas branches can be used as liver landmarks to improve the registration accuracy. Overall, this study emphasizes the benefit of a model-based thermal ablation solution in better planning the ablation procedures. Contrast and registration protocols must be adapted to facilitate its integration into the clinical workflow.
The difference in the elderly’s visual impact assessment of pocket park landscape
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Li Guanjun , Pan Jingyin , Shen Jiamin , Han Chenping 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs an important part of urban public open space, pocket parks have become an important activity place for the elderly in the context of the aging society in China. With the pocket parks in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China as research object, this paper set six landscape features to be studied, namely, Height of trees, Green color richness, Stratification of green landscapes, Green space ratio, Leisure facilities, and Water landscape. The elderly respondents with different demographic characteristics, such as age, gender, education level and residential type, were subjected to the picture stimulation experiment whose results were then statistically analyzed. The results indicate that gender and residential type exert certain influence on the elderly’s visual impact assessment of pocket park landscape. To be specific, the male elderly prefer the pocket park landscape with 3-6 m high trees, medium green space ratio, and more leisure facilities; the female elderly are in greater favor of pocket park landscapes with 0-3 m high trees, five or more colors, three or more layers; the elderly who live with their families prefer pocket park landscapes with medium green space ratio and more leisure facilities; to the elderly who live alone, pocket park landscapes with trees which are 0–3 m high, five or more colors, and medium leisure facilities are more attractive. This study can provide valuable reference for pocket park design in China.