bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resources and use of the intensive care unit in patients who undergo surgery for ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Brooks Sandra E. , Ahn Jeonghoon , Mullins C. Daniel , Baquet Claudia R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of the current study was to determine the association of age, comorbid illness, and length of stay (LOS) in the intensive care unit (ICU) in women who underwent oophorectomy for ovarian carcinoma.METHODSThe authors conducted a population‐based analysis of all women with a primary or secondary diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma who underwent oophorectomy between 1994–1999. Chi‐square tests and Student t tests were used to determined differences in means or proportions. Multivariate regression methods were used to build predictive models.RESULTSOf 8109 women who were admitted, 1412 women underwent oophorectomy, 1045 of 1412 women (74%) underwent hysterectomy, 325 of 1412 women (23%) underwent intestinal surgery, and 296 of 1412 women (21%) were admitted to the ICU. Overall (± standard deviation) LOS was 8.3 days ± 6.90 days, and the total charges were $16,675 ± $15,590 (1999 dollars). Patients who underwent intestinal surgery were older (62.5 years vs. 57.1 years; P = 0.01), had a longer LOS (11.62 days vs. 7.33 days; P = 0.01), had a longer ICU stay (1.15 days vs. 0.58 days; P = 0.01), and had a higher mean Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) (16.01 vs. 8.73; P = 0.01) compared with patients who did not undergo intestinal surgery. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that age, intestinal surgery, CCI, ICU stay, and African‐American race were associated with LOS and contributed indirectly to total charges, whereas age and ICU say were the two most important direct determinants of total charges.CONCLUSIONSAdvancing age, ICU stay, intestinal surgery, African‐American race, and comorbid illness were the most prominent predictors of LOS, whereas age and ICU stay were the most important factors predicting total charges in women who underwent oophorectomy for ovarian carcinoma. Cancer 2002;95:1457–62. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10872
A Phase I/II trial of concurrent docetaxel and radiation after induction chemotherapy in patients with poor prognosis squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Tishler Roy B. , Norris Charles M. , Colevas A. Dimitrios , Lamb Carolyn C. , Karp Daniel , Busse Paul M. , Nixon Asa , Frankenthaler Robert , Lake‐Willcutt Bernadette , Costello Rosemary , Case Maryann , Posner Marshall R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors conducted a Phase I/II study in patients with a poor prognosis who had locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and who were treated initially with induction chemotherapy. Patients were treated with weekly docetaxel and concurrent daily fractionated radiation therapy to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of docetaxel and the efficacy of the regimen.METHODSTwenty‐two patients were enrolled, and 21 patients were treated. Eight patients had Stage III SCCHN, and 13 patients had Stage IV SCCHN without distant metastases and were treated first with 2‐3 cycles of induction chemotherapy, which consisted of cisplatin plus 5‐fluorouracil with or without leucovorin. Patients with a poor prognosis were identified as those who achieved a partial response to induction treatment, achieved a complete response with a positive biopsy, or were at high risk for developing recurrent disease. Patients were treated subsequently with concurrent, escalating doses of docetaxel (given weekly × 6) and once daily 200‐centigray radiation fractions.RESULTSThree patients were treated with a weekly docetaxel dose of 20 mg/m2 without dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT). Both patients who were treated at the next dose level of 30 mg/m2 experienced DLT. A dose of 25 mg/m2 was studied without DLT in the 16 patients who were treated, establishing this as the MTD. Sixty‐seven percent of the patients are alive without disease at a median follow‐up of 35 months (range, 12–59 months) after the initiation of chemoradiotherapy.CONCLUSIONSThe MTD of weekly docetaxel with concurrent daily radiation therapy in the postinduction setting was 25 mg/m2. Disease free survival data from this study were good and indicated that this regimen was effective in the treatment of patients with SCCHN who had a poor prognosis. Cancer 2002;95:1472–81. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10873
The ultrastructural organization of the patch matrix compartments in the human striatum
Authors: Roberts Rosalinda C. , Knickman Joy K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe mammalian striatum is a heterogeneous structure characterized by striosomes and matrix. The synaptic organization of the striatum has been described previously in various mammalian species including human; however, potential ultrastructural differences in striosomal organization have not been well studied. Samples (n = 7) of striatal tissue were obtained from the Maryland Brain Collection (mean age, 37.7 ± 9.4 years; and mean PMI, 5.3 ± 1.4 hours). Tissue was prepared for calbindin immunocytochemistry to identify striosomal (patch) and extrastriosomal matrix (matrix) compartments and subsequently prepared for electron microscopy. Synaptic density was determined, using stereologic methods, for all synapses combined and for various subsets of synapses such as asymmetric, symmetric, axospinous, axodendritic, and perforated in the patch and matrix of the caudate (CP, CM) and putamen (PP, PM). An ANOVA revealed significant between‐group (CP, CM, PP, PM) differences (P < 0.05) for the following types of synapses: total combined, asymmetric, axospinous, and asymmetric axospinous. Each of these four types was significantly increased in density in the CP vs the PP, whereas the matrix (CM vs PM) showed no significant differences in density in these or other synapses. In the caudate (CP vs CM), the synaptic density of the types of synapses studied did not vary significantly between the patch and the matrix. In the putamen, the matrix (PM) had higher synaptic densities than that of the patches (PP) for total synapses, symmetric dendritic, and perforated. These data show that the patch and matrix compartments are heterogeneous at the ultrastructural level, imparting another level of complexity to the striatum—a fact that should be taken into consideration when studying diseases of this brain region at the electron microscopic level. J. Comp. Neurol. 452:128–138, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laminar distribution of synaptopodin in normal and reeler mouse brain depends on the position of spine‐bearing neurons
Authors: Deller Thomas , Haas Carola A. , Deissenrieder Kathrin , Del Turco Domenico , Coulin Carola , Gebhardt Carl , Drakew Alexander , Schwarz Karin , Mundel Peter , Frotscher Michael 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSynaptopodin is the first member of a novel class of proline‐rich actin‐associated proteins. In brain, it is present in the neck of a subset of mature telencephalic spines and is associated closely with the spine apparatus, a Ca2+ storing organelle within the spine compartment. The characteristic region‐ and lamina‐specific distribution of synaptopodin in rat brain suggested that the distribution pattern of synaptopodin depends on the cytoarchitectonic arrangement of spine‐bearing neurons. To test this hypothesis, synaptopodin was studied in the cortex, striatum, and hippocampus of normal and reeler mice, in which developmental cell migration defects have disrupted the normal array of cells. In situ hybridization histochemistry as well as light‐ and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry were used. In brain of normal mice, the pattern of synaptopodin mRNA‐expressing cells corresponds to that of spine‐bearing neurons and synaptopodin protein is found in a region‐ and lamina‐specific distribution pattern. It is specifically sorted to the spine neck where it is associated closely with the spine apparatus. In brain of reeler mice, the pattern of synaptopodin mRNA‐expressing cells corresponds to that of the abnormally positioned spine‐bearing neurons and the region‐ and lamina‐specific distribution pattern is absent or altered. Nevertheless, synaptopodin was specifically sorted to the spine neck, as in controls. These data demonstrate that the light microscopic distribution pattern of synaptopodin protein depends on the position and orientation of the spine‐bearing neurons. The intracellular sorting process, however, is independent of positional cues. J. Comp. Neurol. 453:33–44, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Direct projections from the cardiovascular nucleus tractus solitarii to pontine preganglionic parasympathetic neurons: A link to cerebrovascular regulation
Authors: Agassandian Khristofor , Fazan Valeria P.S. , Adanina Valentina , Talman William T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPeripheral or central interruption of the baroreflex or the parasympathetic innervation of cerebral vessels leads to similar changes in regulation of cerebral blood flow. Therefore, we sought to test the hypothesis that the cardiovascular nucleus tractus solitarii, the site of termination of arterial baroreceptor nerves, projects to pontine preganglionic neurons whose stimulation elicits cerebral vasodilatation. The current study utilized both light and electron microscopic techniques to analyze anterograde tracing from the cardiovascular nucleus tractus solitarii to preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in the pons. We further used retrograde tracing from that same pontine region to the cardiovascular nucleus tractus solitarii and evaluated the confluence of tracing from the cardiovascular nucleus tractus solitarii to pontine preganglionic neurons labeled retrogradely from the pterygopalatine ganglia. The cardiovascular nucleus tractus solitarii projected to pontine preganglionic parasympathetic neurons, but more rostral and caudal regions of nucleus tractus solitarii did not. In contrast, all three regions of nucleus tractus solitarii projected to the nucleus ambiguus and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Although not projecting to pontine preganglionic parasympathetic neurons, regions lateral, rostral, and caudal to cardiovascular nucleus tractus solitarii sent projections through the pons medial to the preganglionics. The study establishes the presence of a direct monosynaptic pathway from neurons in the cardiovascular nucleus tractus solitarii to pontine preganglionic parasympathetic neurons that project to the pterygopalatine ganglia, the source of nitroxidergic vasodilatory innervation of cerebral blood vessels. It provides evidence that activation of those preganglionic neurons can cause cerebral vasodilatation and increased cerebral blood flow. Finally, it demonstrates differential innervation of medullary and pontine preganglionic parasympathetic neurons by different regions of the nucleus tractus solitarii. J. Comp. Neurol. 452:242–254, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibitory amino acid transmitters associated with axons in presynaptic apposition to cutaneous primary afferent axons in the cat spinal cord
Authors: Sutherland Fiona I. , Bannatyne B. Anne , Kerr Robert , Riddell John S. , Maxwell David J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to characterize the transmitter content of structures in presynaptic apposition to the central terminals of cutaneous afferent fibers in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Axons in the Aαβ conduction velocity range were identified in adult cats, stained intra‐axonally with horseradish peroxidase, and prepared for combined light and electron microscopy. In total, we labeled two slowly adapting (Type 1) axons, two hair‐follicle afferents, and one rapidly adapting (Krause) afferent. Ninety‐nine labeled boutons were examined through complete series of serial sections. Approximately 80% of boutons originating from rapidly adapting and hair‐follicle afferents were postsynaptic to other axons, but only 50% of boutons from slowly adapting axons were associated with this type of arrangement. Postembedding immunogold reactions revealed that between 80% (for slowly adapting axons) and 100% (for rapidly adapting axons) of boutons presynaptic to primary afferents were immunoreactive for γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA). The vast majority of these terminals (in excess of 80%) were also enriched with glycine. Therefore, presynaptic inhibition of these three functional classes of Aαβ cutaneous primary afferents is mediated principally by the subgroup of GABAergic interneuron that also contains glycine. J. Comp. Neurol. 452:154–162, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identical cellular distribution of all abundant neuropeptides in the major abdominal neurohemal system of an insect (Periplaneta Americana)
Authors: Eckert Manfred , Herbert Zsófia , Pollák Edit , Molnár László , Predel Reinhard 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe median neurosecretory cells in abdominal ganglia of insects synthesize a number of putative hormones, which are abundant in the abdominal perisympathetic organs (PSOs). The peptide inventory of these prominent neurohemal release sites is best investigated in the American cockroach and strongly differs from that of head/thoracic neurohemal organs. In this study, we found a complete colocalization of all abundant neuropeptides in this hormonal system, including periviscerokinin‐1 and ‐2, pyrokinin‐5, YLSamide, VEAacid, and SKNacid. The first immunoreactive cells were detected on day 18 of embryonic development and already contained the complete set of peptides. By using antisera against the above‐mentioned peptides, the development of this neurohormonal system could be studied and is described in detail. Subsequent electron microscopic immunogold stainings in PSO preparations revealed the costorage of PSO peptides in a single vesicle species. Surprisingly, all these peptides were found in axons containing clear vesicles, whereas all axons with dense core vesicles were totally devoid of immunoreactivity. Unlike the axons with dense core vesicles, immunostained axons ramify in the center of the PSO but exhibit only rare morphological signs of exocytosis. Instead, putative release sites of the clear vesicle‐containing axons were detected peripherally to the PSOs, namely, on the hyperneural muscle. J. Comp. Neurol. 452:264–275, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Systemic administration of interleukin‐1β activates select populations of central amygdala afferents
Authors: Buller Kathryn M. , Day Trevor A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is activated robustly by an immune challenge such as the systemic administration of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). Because IL‐1β is not believed to cross the blood‐brain barrier in any significant amount, it is likely that IL‐1β elicits CeA cell recruitment by means of activation of afferents to the CeA. However, although many studies have investigated the origins of afferent inputs to the CeA, we do not know which of these also respond to IL‐1β. Therefore, to identify candidate neurons responsible for the recruitment of CeA cells by an immune challenge, we iontophoretically deposited a retrograde tracer, cholera toxin b‐subunit (CTb), into the CeA of rats 7 days before systemic delivery of IL‐1β (1 μg/kg, i.a.). By using combined immunohistochemistry, we then quantified the number of Fos‐positive CTb cells in six major regions known to innervate the CeA. These included the medial prefrontal cortex, paraventricular thalamus (PVT), ventral tegmental area, parabrachial nucleus (PB), nucleus tractus solitarius, and ventrolateral medulla. Our results show that after deposit of CTb into the CeA, the majority of double‐labeled cells were located in the PB and the PVT, suggesting that CeA cell activation by systemic IL‐1β is likely to arise predominantly from cell bodies located in these regions. These findings may have significant implications in determining the central pathways involved in generating acute central responses to a systemic immune challenge. J. Comp. Neurol. 452:288–296, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of visual projections follows an avian/mammalian‐like sequence in the lizard Ctenophorus ornatus
Authors: Dunlop Sarah A. , Tee Lisa B.G. , Rodger Jenny , Harvey Alan R. , Roberts J. Dale , Beazley Lynda D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDevelopment of primary visual projections was examined in a lizard Ctenophorus ornatus by anterograde and retrograde tracing with DiI and by GAP‐43 immunohistochemistry. Visual pathway development was essentially similar to that in birds and mammals and thus differed from patterns in fish or amphibians. A number of features characterised the development as mammalian‐like. Three phases occurred in rapid succession after laying: outgrowth (2–3 weeks, early), exuberance (4–5 weeks, intermediate), and retraction to the adult pattern (6–8 weeks, late) at about the time of hatching and eye opening. Furthermore, ipsilateral projections developed with only a slight lag relative to the contralateral ones. The dorsally located fovea could be identified from early stages. Optic axons formed transient exuberant projections to the ipsilateral optic tectum, to the opposite optic nerve, and to nonvisual regions. The pattern resembled that formed in the long term by regenerating optic axons in C. ornatus (Dunlop et al. [2000b] J. Comp. Neurol. 416:188–200), suggesting that axons recognise molecular signals associated with the initial exuberant innervation but not those associated with subsequent refinement. J. Comp. Neurol. 453:71–84, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamically adapting to system load and program behavior in multiprogrammed multiprocessor systems
Authors: Kazi Iffat H. , Lilja David J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractParallel execution of application programs on a multiprocessor system may lead to performance degradation if the workload of a parallel region is not large enough to amortize the overheads associated with the parallel execution. Furthermore, if too many processes are running on the system in a multiprogrammed environment, the performance of the parallel application may degrade due to resource contention. This work proposes a comprehensive dynamic processor allocation scheme that takes both program behavior and system load into consideration when dynamically allocating processors. This mechanism was implemented on the Solaris operating system to dynamically control the execution of parallel C and Java application programs. Performance results show the effectiveness of this scheme in dynamically adapting to the current execution environment and program behavior, and that it outperforms a conventional time‐shared system. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CD2 is expressed by a subpopulation of normal B cells and is frequently present in mature B‐cell neoplasms
Authors: Kingma Douglas W. , Imus Paula , Xie Xiu Y. , Jasper Gregory , Sorbara Lynn , Stewart Carleton , Stetler‐Stevenson Maryalice 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundCD2 is expressed by T and natural killer (NK) cells and has been reported in T/NK cell lineage neoplasms as well as in immature B‐lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemias. Although CD2+ B‐cells have been identified in normal fetal and postnatal thymus, they have not been reported in adults.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed flow cytometric immunophenotypic data on consecutive low‐grade B‐cell leukemias and lymphomas to investigate the frequency of CD2 expression. We also reviewed samples from normal healthy donors to determine whether there is a normal CD2+ B‐cell population.ResultsCD2 expression (partial or complete) was observed in 13 of 83 (16%) chronic lymphocytic leukemias (CLL), 16 of 29 (55%) follicle center lymphomas (FCL), 3 of 12 (25%) hairy cell leukemias (HCL), 0 of 6 mantle cell lymphomas (MCL), 8 of 28 (29%) large cell lymphomas (LCL), and in 0 of 5 marginal zone/mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas (MZL/MALT). We determined that 5.74 ± 2.46% (mean ± SD) of normal peripheral blood B cells and 6.48 ± 1.62 % (mean ± SD) of normal bone marrow B cells coexpress CD2.ConclusionsCD2 expression in B‐cell neoplasia is a more prevalent phenomenon than previously appreciated. Normal CD2+ B‐cell populations are observed in adults and may represent the nonmalignant counterpart of CD2+ B‐cell neoplasms. Cytometry (Clin. Cytometry) 50:243–248, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary squamous‐cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland: New evidence in support of follicular epithelial cell origin
Authors: Sahoo Maheswar , Bal C.S. , Bhatnagar Dinesh 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPrimary squamous‐cell carcinoma (SCC) of the thyroid gland is extremely rare. We had an opportunity to treat two such cases recently. Two elderly females presented with left lobe thyroid swelling that had a history of long‐standing goiter. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of the thyroid nodule was done in both cases. FNA cytology showed an thyroid abscess in the first, and a Hürthle‐cell neoplasm in the second case. Histopathologic diagnosis was a well‐differentiated squamous‐cell carcinoma with an adjacent area of lymphocytic thyroiditis in the first case, and a moderately differentiated squamous‐cell carcinoma in association with a Hürthle‐cell adenoma in the second case. Serial sections of the excised gland ruled out any other associated thyroid malignancy. Immunostaining for pan‐cytokeratin, thyroglobulin, and calcitonin were performed. The tumor, comprising polygonal and spindle cells, showed positive staining for cytokeratin and thyroglobulin; however, calcitonin did not stain any structures. Exhaustive clinical, endoscopic, and radiological examinations, i.e., X‐ray of the chest, contrast‐enhanced computer tomography (CECT) of the neck and chest, and ENT checkup in both cases did not reveal any primary site of squamous‐cell carcinoma as the likely source of the metastases, or any contiguous spread from neighboring structures. Both patients had ipsilateral nodal metastases, and both succumbed to the disease within 6 mo of histological diagnosis. The interesting observation in both cases was thyroglobulin positivity, indicating a follicular epithelial cell origin of the SCC. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:227–231. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Orally active and selective benzylidene ketal M2 muscarinic receptor antagonists for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Boyle Craig D. , Lachowicz Jean E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNumerous studies have implicated the cholinergic system as a target for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy. The currently marketed drugs for treatment of AD are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, which increase levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) by blocking its metabolic degradation. However, this mechanism results in a non‐selective enhancement of cholinergic activity in peripheral organs as well as brain, which could lead to detrimental side effects. Cholinergic enhancement in brain can also be achieved by blocking presynaptic release‐regulating autoreceptors. M2 muscarinic receptor activation inhibits ACh release in brain regions that are critical for learning and memory processes. Thus, M2 antagonists may prove beneficial for relief of cognitive deficits in AD. In this review, early discoveries of M2 muscarinic antagonists based on dibenzodiazepinones, natural products, piperazines, and piperidines are described. More specifically, the development of a benzylidene ketal class of M2 muscarinic antagonists is reviewed. Characterization and optimization of these agents have led to the identification of compounds with high M2 receptor affinity and subtype selectivity. These M2 antagonists also facilitate ACh release and enhance cognition in preclinical experimental paradigms. While clinical efficacy of these compounds has not been evaluated, M2 antagonists represent a promising treatment for AD. Drug Dev. Res. 56:310–320, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.