bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing quantum features and teleportation fidelity of two-mode non-Gaussian states using conditional measurements
Authors: Truong Minh Duc , Tran Quang Dat 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The family of two-mode non-Gaussian entangled states, including the pair coherent states (PCSs) and their genealogies, has been extensively investigated regarding their quantum properties and their practical applications in quantum information. Specifically, certain states, such as the multiphoton catalytic pair coherent states (MCPCSs), have been newly introduced under specific experimental conditions. For a more feasible approach, in this paper, we introduce novel nonclassical states obtained by subtracting photons through conditional measurements using beam splitters applied to the two modes of the PCSs. These states are called pair coherent states with conditional measurements (PCSCMs). Our purpose is to demonstrate that the quantum features, such as entanglement, Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) correlation, EPR steering, and the average fidelity in teleportation can be enhanced in comparison with both the original PCSs and the MCPCSs. In specific cases, several characteristics are observed in PCSCMs but not inspected in both PCSs and MCPCSs. In our findings, we prove that the quantum characteristics within the PCSCMs are influenced not just by the number of detected photons, denoted by variables k and l, but also by the discrepancy in photon numbers, especially by the difference of k − l.
From kesterite 2D nanosheets to wurtzite 1D nanorods: controllable synthesis of Cu−Zn−Sn−S and their application in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Li Yu , Wang Shuaibing , Chen Jie , Lin Ouyang , Yin Zhe , Yang Chunhe , Tang Aiwei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
As typical quarternary copper-based chalcogenides, Cu–Zn–Sn–S nanocrystals (CZTS NCs) have emerged as a new-fashioned electrocatalyst in hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs). Oleylamine (OM), a reducing surfactant and solvent, plays a significant role in the assisting synthesis of CZTS NCs due to the ligand effect. Herein, we adopted a facile one-pot colloidal method for achieving the structure evolution of CZTS NCs from 2D nanosheets to 1D nanorods assisted through the continuous addition of OM. During the process, the mechanism of OM-induced morphology evolution was further discussed. When merely adding pure 1-dodecanethiol (DDT) as the solvent, the CZTS nanosheets were obtained. As OM was gradually added to the reaction, the CZTS NCs began to grow along the sides of the nanosheets and gradually shrink at the top, followed by the formation of stable nanorods. In acidic electrolytic conditions, the CZTS NCs with 1.0 OM addition display the optimal HER activity with a low overpotential of 561 mV at 10 mA/cm2 and a small Tafel slope of 157.6 mV/dec compared with other CZTS samples. The enhancement of HER activity could be attributed to the contribution of the synergistic effect of the diverse crystal facets to the reaction.
Green synthesis of three-dimensional magnesium ferrite/titanium dioxide/reduced graphene from Garcinia mangostana extract for crystal violet photodegradation and antibacterial activity
Authors: Lin Tong Hoang , Cong Che Quang , Nam Nguyen Thanh Hoai , An Hoang , Hai Nguyen Duy , Buu Ton That , Binh Thoi Le Nhat , Minh Hoang Le , Ngan Lam Thanh , Ngan Hoang Thuy Kim , Vi Du Chi , Khoa Ta Dang , Hieu Nguyen Huu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, three-dimensional porous magnesium ferrite/titanium dioxide/reduced graphene oxide (MgFe2O4-GM/TiO2/rGO (MGTG)) was successfully synthesized via green and hydrothermal-supported co-precipitation methods using the extract of Garcinia mangostana (G. mangostana) as a reducing agent. The characterization results indicate the successful formation of the nano/micro MgFe2O4 (MFO) and TiO2 on the structure of the reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which can also act as efficient support, alleviating the agglomeration of the nano/micro MFO and TiO2. The synergic effects of the adsorption and photodegradation activity of the material were investigated according to the removal of crystal violet (CV) under ultraviolet light. The effects of catalyst dosage, CV concentration, and pH on the CV removal efficiency of the MGTG were also investigated. According to the results, the CV photodegradation of the MGTG-200 corresponded to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The reusability of the material after 10 cycles also showed a removal efficiency of 92%. This happened because the materials can easily be recollected using external magnets. In addition, according to the effects of different free radicals ·O2
−, h+, and ·OH on the photodegradation process, the photocatalysis mechanism of the MGTG was also thoroughly suggested. The antibacterial efficiency of the MGTG was also evaluated according to the inhibition of the Gram-positive bacteria strain Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Concurrently, the antibacterial mechanism of the fabricated material was also proposed. These results confirm that the prepared material can be potentially employed in a wide range of applications, including wastewater treatment and antibacterial activity.
Assessing the effective settling of mineral particles in the ocean with application to ocean-based carbon-dioxide removal
Authors: Yang Adam J K , Timmermans Mary-Louise 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE), a potential approach for atmospheric carbon dioxide removal (CDR), can involve introducing milled mineral particles into the ocean to promote carbon dioxide uptake. The effectiveness of this method relies on particles remaining in the ocean mixed layer while dissolution takes place, which depends on particle settling rates. Conventionally, particle settling rates are assessed using the Stokes settling velocity in stagnant conditions. However, recent numerical modeling reveals that in dynamic, stratified ocean environments, sediment vertical transport can be up to an order of magnitude faster than Stokes settling because of two types of fluid instabilities that can take place at the mixed layer base. Here, we estimate effective settling velocities in the presence of these instabilities and assess the implications for the efficacy of this particular OAE approach for CDR. The new effective settling rate estimates are sufficiently rapid that there is negligible particle dissolution before particles settle out of the mixed layer. This result is independent of initial particle size for the range of sizes considered here. Findings underscore the importance of considering ocean dynamics and stratification in assessing particle settling rates and provide valuable insights for optimizing OAE applications in diverse marine settings.
The spindle index from localization
Authors: Inglese Matteo , Martelli Dario , Pittelli Antonio 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We present a new supersymmetric index for three-dimensional

N

=
2

gauge theories defined on

Σ

×

S
1

, where

Σ

is a spindle, with twist or anti-twist for the R-symmetry background gauge field. We start examining general supersymmetric backgrounds of Euclidean new minimal supergravity admitting two Killing spinors of opposite R-charges. We then focus on

Σ

×

S
1

and demostrate how to realise twist and anti-twist. We compute the supersymmetric partition functions on such backgrounds via localization and show that these are captured by a general formula, depending on the type of twist, which unifies and generalises the superconformal and topologically twisted indices.
Cancer-mediated axonal guidance of sensory neurons in a microelectrode-based innervation MPS
Authors: van der Moolen Matthijs , Lovera Andrea , Ersoy Fulya , Mommo Sacha , Loskill Peter , Cesare Paolo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Despite recent advances in the field of microphysiological systems (MPSs), availability of models capable of mimicking the interactions between the nervous system and innervated tissues is still limited. This represents a significant challenge in identifying the underlying processes of various pathological conditions, including neuropathic, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. In this novel study, we introduce a compartmentalized three-dimensional (3D) coculture system that enables physiologically relevant tissue innervation while recording neuronal excitability. By integrating custom microelectrode arrays into tailored glass chips microfabricated via selective laser-etching, we developed an entirely novel class of innervation MPSs (INV-MPS). This INV-MPS allows for manipulation, visualization, and electrophysiological analysis of individual axons innervating complex 3D tissues. Here, we focused on sensory innervation of 3D tumor tissue as a model case study since cancer-induced pain represents a major unmet medical need. The system was compared with existing nociception models and successfully replicated axonal chemoattraction mediated by nerve growth factor (NGF). Remarkably, in the absence of NGF, 3D cancer spheroids cocultured in the adjacent compartment induced sensory neurons to consistently cross the separating barrier and establish fine innervation. Moreover, we observed that crossing sensory fibers could be chemically excited by distal application of known pain-inducing agonists only when cocultured with cancer cells. To our knowledge, this is the first system showcasing morphological and electrophysiological analysis of 3D-innervated tumor tissue in vitro, paving the way for a plethora of studies into innervation-related diseases and improving our understanding of underlying pathophysiology.
Fast generation of spin squeezing via resonant spin-boson coupling
Authors: Barberena Diego , Muleady Sean R , Bollinger John J , Lewis-Swan Robert J , Rey Ana Maria 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We propose protocols for the creation of useful entangled states in a system of spins collectively coupled to a bosonic mode, directly applicable to trapped-ion and cavity QED setups. The protocols use coherent manipulations of the resonant spin-boson interactions naturally arising in these systems to prepare spin squeezed states exponentially fast in time. The resonance condition harnesses the full spin-boson coupling and thus avoids the slower timescales when operating in the off-resonance regime. We demonstrate the robustness of the protocols by analyzing the effects of natural sources of decoherence in these systems and show their advantage compared to more standard slower approaches where entanglement is generated with off-resonant spin-boson interactions.
Theoretical, numerical, and experimental investigation on second-order Bezier curve flexure hinges
Authors: Wang Qiliang , Hong Yongfeng , Xu Meijuan , Xia Shitian , Li Yongqi , Liu Tong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes the second-order Bezier curve flexure hinge. The flexure hinge can obtain different notch profiles by changing the position of the control points. Firstly, the compliance and precision of the flexure hinge are modeled based on the force deformation formula of the cantilever beam in material mechanics. Compared with the simulation data of ANSYS Workbench, the modeling error is less than 7%. Secondly, the influence of geometric parameters on compliance and precision is analyzed. The flexure hinge is compared with circular, elliptical, and parabolic hinges. The results show that the second-order Bezier curve flexure hinges have a higher compliance precision ratio. In addition, the use of second-order Bezier curve flexure hinges provides better performance than the use of traditional circular and elliptical flexure hinges in bridge amplification mechanisms. Finally, a flexure hinge was manufactured and measured. The experimental results show that the error between the experimental and modeling values is 8.76%. Both the simulation and experimental results verified the effectiveness of the model.
Risk of bleeding with concomitant use of oral anticoagulants and aspirin: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ghule Priyanka , Panic Jennifer , Malone Daniel C 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Oral anticoagulants (OACs) and aspirin can trigger bleeding events when used alone or in combination. The purpose of this study was to compare the risk of any type of bleeding in individuals exposed to a combination of OAC and aspirin with the risk in those taking an OAC or aspirin alone.

Methods
MEDLINE and Web of Science were queried in January 2021 for eligible articles. Studies were included if they were either randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or observational studies and evaluated the number of any bleeding events in two groups, one with exposure to both OAC and aspirin and one with exposure to OAC alone or aspirin alone. Pooled odds ratios were calculated using a random-effects model.

Results
Forty-two studies were included. In an analysis of 15 RCTs and 19 observational studies evaluating OAC plus aspirin versus OAC alone, a significant difference in the risk of bleeding was observed in the combination groups, with an odds ratio [OR] of, 1.36 (95% CI, 1.15-1.59) for RCTs and an OR of 1.42 (95% CI-, 1.09-1.87) for observational studies. When OAC plus aspirin was compared to aspirin alone, a higher rate of bleeding was found in the combination group (OR, 2.36; 95%CI, 1.91-2.92) in the analysis of 15 RCTs, but no significant difference was found among 10 observational studies (OR, 1.93; 95% Cl, 0.99-3.75).

Conclusion
The risk of any type of bleeding was significantly increased among patients taking aspirin plus OAC compared to those taking OAC alone in both RCTs and observational studies. Evaluation of RCTs comparing OAC plus aspirin to aspirin alone suggests increased bleeding risk as well.
Text mining for contexts and relationships in cancer genomics literature
Authors: Collins Charlotte , Baker Simon , Brown Jason , Zheng Huiyuan , Chan Adelyne , Stenius Ulla , Narita Masashi , Korhonen Anna 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Scientific advances build on the findings of existing research. The 2001 publication of the human genome has led to the production of huge volumes of literature exploring the context-specific functions and interactions of genes. Technology is needed to perform large-scale text mining of research papers to extract the reported actions of genes in specific experimental contexts and cell states, such as cancer, thereby facilitating the design of new therapeutic strategies.

Results
We present a new corpus and Text Mining methodology that can accurately identify and extract the most important details of cancer genomics experiments from biomedical texts. We build a Named Entity Recognition model that accurately extracts relevant experiment details from PubMed abstract text, and a second model that identifies the relationships between them. This system outperforms earlier models and enables the analysis of gene function in diverse and dynamically evolving experimental contexts.

Availability and implementation
Code and data are available here: https://github.com/cambridgeltl/functional-genomics-ie.
Sixty-four-fold data reduction of chest radiographs using a super-resolution convolutional neural network
Authors: Nam Ju Gang , Kang Seung Kwan , Choi Hyewon , Hong Wonju , Park Jongsoo , Goo Jin Mo , Lee Jae Sung , Park Chang Min 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To develop and validate a super-resolution (SR) algorithm generating clinically feasible chest radiographs from 64-fold reduced data.

Methods
An SR convolutional neural network was trained to produce original-resolution images (output) from 64-fold reduced images (input) using 128 × 128 patches (n = 127 030). For validation, 112 radiographs—including those with pneumothorax (n = 17), nodules (n = 20), consolidations (n = 18), and ground-glass opacity (GGO; n = 16)—were collected. Three image sets were prepared: the original images and those reconstructed using SR and conventional linear interpolation (LI) using 64-fold reduced data. The mean-squared error (MSE) was calculated to measure similarity between the reconstructed and original images, and image noise was quantified. Three thoracic radiologists evaluated the quality of each image and decided whether any abnormalities were present.

Results
The SR-images were more similar to the original images than the LI-reconstructed images (MSE: 9269 ± 1015 vs. 9429 ± 1057; P = .02). The SR-images showed lower measured noise and scored better noise level by three radiologists than both original and LI-reconstructed images (Ps &lt; .01). The radiologists’ pooled sensitivity with the SR-reconstructed images was not significantly different compared with the original images for detecting pneumothorax (SR vs. original, 90.2% [46/51] vs. 96.1% [49/51]; P = .19), nodule (90.0% [54/60] vs. 85.0% [51/60]; P = .26), consolidation (100% [54/54] vs. 96.3% [52/54]; P = .50), and GGO (91.7% [44/48] vs. 95.8% [46/48]; P = .69).

Conclusions
SR-reconstructed chest radiographs using 64-fold reduced data showed a lower noise level than the original images, with equivalent sensitivity for detecting major abnormalities.

Advances in knowledge
This is the first study applying super-resolution in data reduction of chest radiographs.
OP38 Should all patients with newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel diseases be screened for metabolic bone disease? Results from a Danish population-based inception cohort study
Authors: Attauabi M , Roager Madsen G , Bendtsen F , Seidelin J , Burisch J 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), encompassing ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are associated with an increased risk of metabolic bone diseases (MBD). The aim of the current study was to evaluate for the occurrence of MBD in which all patients with newly diagnosed IBD are offered a Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. Secondly, we aimed to identify risk factors for development of MBD.

Methods
All adult patients with newly diagnosed IBD within a catchment area corresponding to ~20% of the Danish population have since May 2021 been enrolled in an ongoing prospective population-based inception cohort, IBD Prognosis Study. Herein, all participants were, as part of the initial work-up, invited to a DXA scan at IBD diagnosis. A T-score&lt; −2.5 standard deviations (SD) was diagnostic for osteoporosis, while a T-score between –1 and –2.5 defined osteopenia. Multivariate analyses adjusted findings for age, gender, and medication differences.

Results
A total of 316 patients with newly diagnosed IBD (UC: 178, CD: 117, unclassified IBD (IBDU): 21) received a DXA scan within 90 days (interquartile range (IQR) 51-139 days). Baseline characteristics of the population were similar to those previously described for newly diagnosed IBD.
In total, 48 (27%, females (F): 26%, males (M): 28%) and 17 (10%, F: 14%, M: 5%) patients with UC were found to have osteopenia and osteoporosis, resp. The corresponding numbers for CD were 23 (20%, F: 15%, M: 24%) and nine (8%, F: 7%, M: 9%).
Subgroup analysis showed a high occurrence of osteopenia in both UC and CD regardless of age group (Table 1). No difference between UC and CD was observed in terms of the risk of osteopenia (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.86 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99-3.60) or osteoporosis (OR=1.42 (95% CI 0.53-4.08)).
Low albumin level (&lt;36 g/L) was the only factor associated with osteopenia in patients with UC (aOR=2.57 (95% CI 1.05-6.53). In patients with CD, no risk factors were identified. However, the risk of osteoporosis was independently associated with age higher than 65 years in both UC (aOR=13.4 (95% CI 3.78-51.36)) and CD (aOR=6.39 (95% CI 1.09-35.47)), while female gender was not relevant (UC: aOR=2.63 (95% CI 0.75-10.98), CD: (aOR=0.47 (95% CI 0.08-2.20)).
Finally, the risk of MBD was not associated with IBD phenotype, medications, or patient-reported or endoscopic severity.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, the current study is the first evaluation of DXA scans as a screening tool for patients with newly diagnosed IBD in a population-based setting. We found a high incidence of osteopenia affecting every fourth patient at IBD diagnosis. These findings are concerning given the high risk of repeated need for systemic steroids in this patient population.
DOP01 Definitions of histological abnormalities in inflammatory bowel disease: an ECCO position paper
Authors: Rosini F , Feakins R M , Borralho Nunes P , Driessen A , Gordon I O , Zidar N , Baldin P , Christensen B , Danese S , Herlihy N , Iacucci M , Loughrey M B , Magro F , Mookhoek A , Svrcek M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
High quality histological examination of ileocolonic biopsies in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) plays a critical role in optimising clinical management, investigative studies, and clinical trials. The correct assessment of histological features can confirm the diagnosis of IBD, assist with its subclassification (as ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease), facilitate the estimation of disease activity and disease extent, and aid the detection of mimics and complication.
However, there are surprisingly few universal definitions of each histological abnormalities and the existing definitions are often inconsistent. The main practical concern is that histological scoring schemes, or guidelines on histological diagnosis, include detailed features, and many of these features have, paradoxically, no, or vague definitions. Furthermore, interobserver variability for many histological features in IBD is significantly high, possibly reflecting lack of precision.
The aim of this paper is to review and assess any existing histologcal definitions and criteria, selecting the most appropriate where possible, and modifying them or writing new definitions where necessary.

Methods
The European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) and the project leaders formed a panel of experts in the IBD field, composed of pathologists and gastroenterologists to explore inconsistencies in the definitions of histological abnormalities using the best resources and evidence available. The panel examined existing definitions, peer reviews publications, scoring schemes, guidelines and textbooks. An important contribution was also given by their professional experience and knowledge.

Results
The literature review process confirmed that most current existing definitions often have no evidence base and vary between sources.
The panel of experts developed 40 statements on histological definitions in IBD with accompanying supporting text for each statement.

Conclusion
The statements represent expert consensus with the support of evidence where available. Further possible development of this process will include attempts to grade histological changes, aiming to improve the consistency of pathological diagnosis, a reduction in currently high rates of interobserver variability, more precision in clinical trial work and research, and to facilitate development of new guidelines and scoring schemes for IBD.