bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between vitamin D binding protein levels and periodontal status: A systematic review
Authors: Dhaif Y. G. , Garcia‐Sanchez R. , Albuquerque R. , Lu E. M. C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesVitamin D binding protein (DBP) is biosynthesised in the liver and is predominantly expressed in serum. Its primary role centres on facilitating the systemic transportation of vitamin D and its metabolites, notably 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, to specific target tissues where vitamin D exerts its biological functions. Due to the paucity of studies, it is unclear whether there is an association between DBP and periodontal status and thus its potential use as a diagnostic biomarker. Therefore, the aim of the systematic review is to investigate the association between DBP in periodontal disease.MethodsTwo independent reviewers (YD and RG) performed a systematic literature search of English publications using several databases including MEDLINE (OVID interface, 1946 onwards), EMBASE (OVID interface, 1974 onwards), and Global Health (OVID interface, 1973 onwards). This search strategy enabled the identification of relevant publications and the development of a comprehensive library of studies. Studies were included based on previously agreed eligibility criteria. Of the eight studies included as part of this systematic review, seven were case–control studies and one was a cross‐sectional study. The quality assessment was based on the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) for case–control studies and the modified NOS for the cross‐sectional study.ResultsThe NOS quality assessment was ‘favorable’ for 6 included case control studies; and ‘fair’ for one study. The modified NOS quality assessment for the single cross‐sectional study demonstrated a medium risk of bias. The results of the majority of the included studies indicated a statistically significant higher concentration of DBP levels in individuals with periodontitis in comparison to those who were periodontally healthy. This trend held true irrespective of the sampling method employed for the assessment of DBP concentration.ConclusionThe results summarised in this systematic review indicate a positive association between DBP and periodontitis. Nonetheless, there is a need for longitudinal, prospective trials, to confirm the use of DBP as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of periodontitis.
Can institutions explain mass violence? Amhara ‘settler’ discourse and Ethiopia's ethnic federalism
Authors: Demerew Kaleb 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper begins by reviewing rational choice institutionalism's explanation of how political institutions incentivise patronage networks emphasising ethnic cleavage. Acknowledging the limits of rationalist institutionalism in explaining societal norm constructions and mass behaviour, the paper then adopts discursive institutionalism to analyse the social affects of institutional design. The case study of violence against Amharas deemed ‘settlers’ in Ethiopia's contemporary ethnic federation highlights how new cleavages create new norms and new historical narratives, influencing group dynamics. These dynamics result in group‐based mass violence when rents‐based orders and patronage networks collapse during times of institutional instability or change. Thus, precipitated by the discursive effects of hyper‐ethnicised institutional design, mass violence against Amhara in different ethnic regions in Ethiopia emerges as an unexpected outcome of regime change and democratic transition in the country. These incidents of targeted violence are not simply explained by institutions, but rather by the socio‐political climate effected by the interaction between institutions and discourse under ethnic federalism. In short, this study demonstrates how institutions go beyond incentivising or constraining elite behaviour, producing discursive markers that normalise violence during periods of institutional ‘lapse’, when formal provisions of social order temporarily collapse.
Multiplexed effector screening for recognition by endogenous resistance genes using positive defense reporters in wheat protoplasts
Authors: Wilson Salome , Dagvadorj Bayantes , Tam Rita , Murphy Lydia , Schulz‐Kroenert Sven , Heng Nigel , Crean Emma , Greenwood Julian , Rathjen John P. , Schwessinger Benjamin 
Published: January 2024

Summary

Plant resistance (R) and pathogen avirulence (Avr) gene interactions play a vital role in pathogen resistance. Efficient molecular screening tools for crops lack far behind their model organism counterparts, yet they are essential to rapidly identify agriculturally important molecular interactions that trigger host resistance.

Here, we have developed a novel wheat protoplast assay that enables efficient screening of Avr/R interactions at scale. Our assay allows access to the extensive gene pool of phenotypically described R genes because it does not require the overexpression of cloned R genes. It is suitable for multiplexed Avr screening, with interactions tested in pools of up to 50 Avr candidates.

We identified Avr/R‐induced defense genes to create a promoter‐luciferase reporter. Then, we combined this with a dual‐color ratiometric reporter system that normalizes read‐outs accounting for experimental variability and Avr/R‐induced cell death. Moreover, we introduced a self‐replicative plasmid reducing the amount of plasmid used in the assay.

Our assay increases the throughput of Avr candidate screening, accelerating the study of cellular defense signaling and resistance gene identification in wheat. We anticipate that our assay will significantly accelerate Avr identification for many wheat pathogens, leading to improved genome‐guided pathogen surveillance and breeding of disease‐resistant crops.
Defining dignity in higher education as an alternative to requiring ‘Trigger Warnings’
Authors: MacLaren Gordon 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article examines trigger warnings, particularly the call for trigger warnings on university campuses, and from a Levinasian and Kantian ethical perspective, and addresses the question: When, if ever, are trigger warnings helpful to student's learning? The nursing curriculum is developed with key stakeholders and regulatory bodies to ensure graduate nurses are competent to deliver a high standard of care to patients and clients. Practical teaching practice and published research has uncovered an increasing use of ‘Trigger Warnings’ before a topic is discussed, or used as warnings on core module texts. It is appreciated that some students have personal experience of psychological or physical trauma. However, apart from identifying these students through Mitigating Circumstances committees, or when the student feels confident to share this information with a personal tutor, this information remains strictly confidential. There is the potential for covert skills such as critical analysis and skilful discussion not being attained by the student. With the assistance of Kants moral theory, an argument will develop that the insidious use of Trigger warnings and the embargo of recommended reading, requires critical discussion with the public. This would involve the rationale and pedagogical justification for the use of texts, and the necessity within nursing education to address challenging clinical topics. To support students with PTSD this may involve the research discussed on personal educational needs analysis.
Initial observations into the viability of remote preoperative assessment in secondary and tertiary oral surgery services
Authors: Gagliardi‐Lugo Antonio , Thomas Monica , Mela Rosario , Elrasheed Adel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic triggered an increased need in a method of delivering healthcare that simultaneously do not put patients at an increased risk of transmission. A remote consultation service (Telemed) for patients referred for dentoalveolar procedures was trialled.ObjectiveTo investigate the outcome of the Telemeds and if treatment booked as a result of the Telemeds was successful, and could be made common practice.Materials and MethodsData was collected from Telemeds between 04 August 2020 and 30 November 2020. Data collected included whether treatment was booked as a result of the Telemed, if the treatment was successfully completed at the resulting appointment (one‐stop treatment), if an additional face‐to‐face (F2F) consultation was required and any related reasons as to why this was the case.ResultsAfter 499 Telemeds, 46.3% (N = 231) of patients required a F2F appointment being booked, 43.0% (N = 215) resulted in treatment being booked, 6.6% (N = 33) were discharged and 4% (N = 20) of patients did not answer when contact was attempted. Of the 215 patients who had a Telemed that led to booking of treatment, 110 had attended their follow up appointment and 95.4% (N = 105) successfully had their treatment carried out in one visit.ConclusionRemote consultations are a feasible, successful and useful tool in assessing and booking dentoalveolar cases suitable for one‐stop treatment under local anaesthesia, as long as there is a specific and organized triage process, regardless of the number of teeth to be extracted or the patient's medical history. Patients requiring general anaesthesia, sedation or further radiographic imaging did not benefit from Telemeds as they needed to attend F2F anyway for pre‐operative assessment or to have their further imaging taken in the department.
The multiple roles of trichomes in two Croton species
Authors: Araújo Karina Crisóstomo , Souza Bruno Cruz , Carvalho Ellen Cristina Dantas , Freire Rosemeyre Souza , Teixeira Adunias Santos , Muniz Celli Rodrigues , Martins Fernando Roberto , Oliveira Rafael Silva , Eller Cleiton Breder , Soares Arlete Aparecida 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTrichomes are common in plants from dry environments, and despite their recognized role in protection and defense, little is known about their role as absorptive structures and in other aspects of leaf ecophysiology. We combine anatomical and ecophysiological data to evaluate how trichomes affect leaf gas exchange and water balance during drought. We studied two congeneric species with pubescent leaves which co‐occur in Brazilian Caatinga: Croton blanchetianus (dense trichomes) and Croton adenocalyx (sparse trichomes). We found a novel foliar water uptake (FWU) pathway in C. blanchetianus composed of stellate trichomes and underlying epidermal cells and sclereids that interconnect the trichomes from both leaf surfaces. The water absorbed by these trichomes is redistributed laterally by pectin protuberances on mesophyll cell walls. This mechanism enables C. blanchetianus leaves to absorb water more efficiently than C. adenocalyx. Consequently, the exposure of C. blanchetianus to dew during drought improved its leaf gas exchange and water status more than C. adenocalyx. C. blanchetianus trichomes also increase their leaf capacity to reflect light and maintain lower temperatures during drought. Our results emphasize the multiple roles that trichomes might have on plant functioning and the importance of FWU for the ecophysiology of Caatinga plants during drought.
Floral‐promoting GmFT homologs trigger photoperiodic after‐effects: An important mechanism for early‐maturing soybean varieties to regulate reproductive development and adapt to high latitudes
Authors: Wang Junya , Xu Xin , Wang Peiguo , Zhang Lixin , Liu Lifeng , Liu Luping , Wu Tingting , Song Wenwen , Yuan Shan , Jiang Bingjun , Hou Wensheng , Wu Cunxiang , Sun Shi , Yu Lijie , Han Tianfu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSoybean (Glycine max) is a typical short‐day plant, but has been widely cultivated in high‐latitude long‐day (LD) regions because of the development of early‐maturing genotypes which are photoperiod‐insensitive. However, some early‐maturing varieties exhibit significant responses to maturity under different daylengths but not for flowering, depicting an evident photoperiodic after‐effect, a poorly understood mechanism. In this study, we investigated the postflowering responses of 11 early‐maturing soybean varieties to various preflowering photoperiodic treatments. We confirmed that preflowering SD conditions greatly promoted maturity and other postflowering developmental stages. Soybean homologs of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), including GmFT2a, GmFT3a, GmFT3b and GmFT5a, were highly accumulated in leaves under preflowering SD treatment. More importantly, they maintained a high expression level after flowering even under LD conditions. E1 RNAi and GmFT2a overexpression lines showed extremely early maturity regardless of preflowering SD and LD treatments due to constitutively high levels of floral‐promoting GmFT homolog expression throughout their life cycle. Collectively, our data indicate that high and stable expression of floral‐promoting GmFT homologs play key roles in the maintenance of photoperiodic induction to promote postflowering reproductive development, which confers early‐maturing varieties with appropriate vegetative growth and shortened reproductive growth periods for adaptation to high latitudes.
The AP2/ERF transcription factor MdDREB2A regulates nitrogen utilisation and sucrose transport under drought stress
Authors: Zhang Ting‐Ting , Lin Yu‐Jing , Liu Hao‐Feng , Liu Ya‐Qi , Zeng Zhi‐Feng , Lu Xiao‐Yan , Li Xue‐Wei , Zhang Zhen‐Lu , Zhang Shuai , You Chun‐Xiang , Guan Qing‐Mei , Lang Zhao‐Bo , Wang Xiao‐Fei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDrought stress is one of the main environmental factors limiting plant growth and development. Plants adapt to changing soil moisture by modifying root architecture, inducing stomatal closure, and inhibiting shoot growth. The AP2/ERF transcription factor DREB2A plays a key role in maintaining plant growth in response to drought stress, but the molecular mechanism underlying this process remains to be elucidated. Here, it was found that overexpression of MdDREB2A positively regulated nitrogen utilisation by interacting with DRE cis‐elements of the MdNIR1 promoter. Meanwhile, MdDREB2A could also directly bind to the promoter of MdSWEET12, which may enhance root development and nitrogen assimilation, ultimately promoting plant growth. Overall, this regulatory mechanism provides an idea for plants in coordinating with drought tolerance and nitrogen assimilation to maintain optimal plant growth and development under drought stress.
Like mother like son: Transgenerational memory and cross‐tolerance from drought to heat stress are identified in chloroplast proteome and seed provisioning in Pinus radiata
Authors: Lamelas Laura , López‐Hidalgo Cristina , Valledor Luis , Meijón Mónica , Cañal María Jesús 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHow different stressors impact plant health and memory when they are imposed in different generations in wild ecosystems is still scarce. Here, we address how different environments shape heritable memory for the next generation in seeds and seedlings of Pinus radiata, a long‐lived species with economic interest. The performance of the seedlings belonging to two wild clonal subpopulations (optimal fertirrigation vs. slightly stressful conditions) was tested under heat stress through physiological profiling and comparative time‐series chloroplast proteomics. In addition, we explored the seeds conducting a physiological characterization and targeted transcriptomic profiling in both subpopulations. Our results showed differential responses between them, evidencing a cross‐stress transgenerational memory. Seedlings belonging to the stressed subpopulation retained key proteins related to Photosystem II, chloroplast‐to‐nucleus signalling and osmoprotection which helped to overcome the applied heat stress. The seeds also showed a differential gene expression profile for targeted genes and microRNAs, as well as an increased content of starch and secondary metabolites, molecules which showed potential interest as biomarkers for early selection of primed plants. Thus, these finds not only delve into transgenerational cross‐stress memory in trees, but also provide a new biotechnological tool for forest design.
A systematic review of the use of the concept family resilience in interventions with families with children and young people
Authors: Tetlow Sion , Wallace Carolyn , Thomas Michelle , Filipponi Teresa , Pontin David , Livingstone Anitha 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo review the evidence on using family resilience as a concept in interventions by public health nurses/health visitors with families with children and young people as part of an evaluation of the evidence base for the Family Resilience Assessment Instrument and Tool (FRAIT). FRAIT was developed by University faculty with Health Visitors and a Community of Practice in Wales, and is used by Health Visitors in Wales with families with children under 5 years to assess family resilience.MethodA standard Cochrane Systematic Review methodology was used to review published literature. A protocol (crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID = 230845) was submitted to Prospero in September 2021, and reviewing began in January 2022. Title and abstract searching were undertaken 12 databases and results were captured using PRISMA and Excel spreadsheet. Second reviewers reviewed title and abstract screening, and full‐text extraction.ResultsInitial title screening brought back 1350 papers across 12 databases. Titles and abstract screening reduced these to 106, 44 papers were considered for full‐text extraction, with 25 papers included for review.DiscussionResults demonstrated a focus on specific demographics, and use of family resilience with families living with specific health problems. Existing family resilience scales showed improved results in selected specific demographic groups, albeit in a reactive way. FRAIT has originality within the literature as it is used in a universal, preventative way with all families regardless of demographic or health issues. There is evidence to show that using a family resilience program in this way has originality and implications for the physical and mental health of children and young people.No patient or public contributionThis was a systematic review of existing literature so public or patient contribution would not have been appropriate.
Ethnic‐racial socialization in mono‐racial Asian American and Pacific Islander families: A 21‐year systematic literature review
Authors: Nieri Tanya , Yoo Min , Tam Corinne 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study systematically reviewed the literature on ethnic‐racial socialization (ERS) in mono‐racial Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) families in the United States. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we examined what is known about (1) ERS strategies used, (2) child and parent factors related to ERS, and (3) the relation of ERS to child outcomes in mono‐racial AAPI families. We included peer‐reviewed, original studies published between January 2002 and August 2023, abstracted in Sociological Abstracts, PubMed, and/or PsychINFO, and focused on ERS in AAPI families. Fifty‐eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The reviewed studies show that mono‐racial AAPI families engage in ERS, but parents' messages tend to focus on positive aspects of ethnicity‐race (e.g., ethnic pride) and avoid negative aspects (e.g., discrimination). However, due to the COVID‐19 pandemic and Black Lives Matter, parents are increasingly willing to address the negative aspects of ethnicity‐race, including racism and anti‐racism, to prepare their children for a racialized society. ERS is related to AAPI child identity, psycho‐social outcomes, ethnic‐racial attitudes and experiences, and other outcomes but in a variety of contingent ways. We identify gaps in the literature and recommend future research on ERS in AAPI families.
Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination at the intersection of race and gender: An intersectional theory primer
Authors: Hudson Sa‐kiera Tiarra Jolynn , Myer Annalisa , Berney Elyssa Christine 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe incorporation of intersectionality within social psychology is becoming an increasingly common practice. From the hypotheses we generate to the methods we employ, as well as the analyses we run and the theories we use, researchers are moving away from studying social identities in isolation. By studying the interactional and emergent properties of multiple identities that go beyond the sum of identities, as well as understanding the complex nature of power and privilege, social psychologists can better understand processes such as stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. Yet it can be difficult for researchers to know exactly where to begin. This review serves as a primer for conducting intersectionally‐informed research within social psychology, using the intersection of race and gender within the United States as a case study. We first describe the history of intersectional research in psychology, noting its barriers to implementation. Next, we review three classes of intersectionally‐informed models — intersectional perception, experience, and treatment — and offer suggestions for future research as well as ways researchers can incorporate the model within their work.
Resilience in rural health system
Authors: Lasky Tiffany , Samanta Damayanti , Sebastian Will , Calderwood Lisa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionCurrent literature emphasises the importance of resilience in health care. Studies have shown that lack of resilience not only leads to adverse clinical outcomes but is also associated with burnout and long‐term stress in clinicians. Resource‐limited rural settings in the United States often impose unique stressors, and thus, it is critical to examine resilience of health care providers practicing rural medicine.MethodsAn anonymous REDCap survey was completed by medical students, residents and attending physicians between 7 April 2021 and 18 May 2022. The primary outcome of resilience was measured by the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale 10 (CD‐RISC‐10©).ResultsSurvey takers scored moderately on the resilience scale (30.64 on a 40‐point scale). The first quartile of respondents scored between 0 and 28; the second quartile scored between 29 and 30; the third quartile scored between 31 and 35; the fourth quartile scored between 36 and 40. Age and years of service were not correlated with resilience. However, survey takers who had been exposed to trauma informed care scored significantly higher on the resilience scale (32.37 vs. 28.85, p = 0.021). The level of resilience when compared by profession was found to be comparable among medical students, residents and attending physicians.ConclusionIndividuals scoring in the first two quartiles of the CD‐RISC‐10© perhaps indicate need for support as they are having difficulty coping with stress. Health care organisations should provide resilience training to support the wellness and mental health of their staff. Moreover, dedicated efforts should be made toward creating trauma‐informed health care organisations as exposure to the topic of trauma informed care had a significant positive impact on resilience.