bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating agreement between evidence from randomised controlled trials and cohort studies in nutrition: a meta-research replication study
Authors: Stadelmaier Julia , Beyerbach Jessica , Roux Isabelle , Harms Louisa , Eble Julian , Nikolakopoulou Adriani , Schwingshackl Lukas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis meta-research study aims to evaluate the agreement of effect estimates between bodies of evidence (BoE) from RCTs and cohort studies included in the same nutrition evidence synthesis, to identify factors associated with disagreement, and to replicate the findings of a previous study. We searched Medline, Epistemonikos and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for nutrition systematic reviews that included both RCTs and cohort studies for the same patient-relevant outcome or intermediate-disease marker. We rated similarity of PI/ECO (population, intervention/exposure, comparison, outcome) between BoE from RCTs and cohort studies. Agreement of effect estimates across BoE was analysed by pooling ratio of risk ratios (RRR) for binary outcomes and difference of standardised mean differences (DSMD) for continuous outcomes. We performed subgroup and sensitivity analyses to explore determinants associated with disagreements. We included 82 BoE-pairs from 51 systematic reviews. For binary outcomes, the RRR was 1.04 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99 to 1.10, I2 = 59%, τ2 = 0.02, prediction interval (PI) 0.77 to 1.41). For continuous outcomes, the pooled DSMD was  − 0.09 (95% CI  − 0.26 to 0.09, PI  − 0.55 to 0.38). Subgroup analyses yielded that differences in type of intake/exposure were drivers towards disagreement. We replicated the findings of a previous study, where on average RCTs and cohort studies had similar effect estimates. Disagreement and wide prediction intervals were mainly driven by PI/ECO-dissimilarities. More research is needed to explore other potentially influencing factors (e.g. risk of bias) on the disagreement between effect estimates of both BoE.Trial registration: CRD42021278908
Enhancing the bioconversion rate and end products of black soldier fly (BSF) treatment – A comprehensive review
Authors: Siddiqui Shahida Anusha , Süfer Özge , Çalışkan Koç Gülşah , Lutuf Hanif , Rahayu Teguh , Castro-Muñoz Roberto , Fernando Ito 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFood security remains a pressing concern in the face of an increasing world population and environmental challenges. As climate change, biodiversity loss, and water scarcity continue to impact agricultural productivity, traditional livestock farming faces limitations in meeting the growing global demand for meat and dairy products. In this context, black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have emerged as a promising alternative for sustainable food production. BSFL possess several advantages over conventional livestock, including their rapid growth, adaptability to various organic waste substrates, and low environmental impact. Their bioconversion rate, the ability to transform organic waste into valuable products, and final product optimization are key factors that enhance their potential as a nutrient-rich protein source, fertilizer, and biofuel. This review explores strategies to enhance the bioconversion rate and improve the end products derived from BSF treatment. It highlights the benefits of using BSFL over other interventions and underscores the significance of optimizing their bioconversion rate to meet the challenges of global food security sustainably. Despite the promising prospects of BSF-derived products, consumer acceptance and regulatory hurdles remain critical aspects to address in realizing their full market potential. The utilization of BSFL as a sustainable source of food and feed can contribute to waste management, reduce environmental pollution, and address the pressing issue of food security in an environmentally responsible manner. However, there is a need for further research and innovation to ensure the safety, quality, and economic viability of BSF-based products for both animal and human consumption.
Determinants of the Innovation Behaviour of Teachers in Higher Education
Authors: Kottmann Andrea , Schildkamp Kim , van der Meulen Barend 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe study examined what factors determine the use of educational innovations by teachers in higher education. Three sort of factors were compared: teachers’ motivation for the enhancement of education, their contact with or exposure to dissemination of educational innovations and institutional factors, that is, support provided by higher education institutions. Further, teachers were classified regarding their use of educational innovations. The study used survey data collected among academic staff at public Norwegian higher education institutions. Results of the multinominal logistic regression models showed that intrinsic motivation was an important factor for teachers' innovation behaviour in this context. Dissemination and institutional factors exerted little or no significant impact. The assumptions currently underlying research on educational innovations and the design of national and institutional support programmes are discussed against the background of these results.
Heisenberg versus the Covariant String
Authors: Dragon Norbert , Oppermann Florian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA Poincaré multiplet of mass eigenstates $$\bigl (P^2 - m^2\bigr )\Psi = 0$$

(

P
2

-

m
2

)

Ψ
=
0

cannot be a subspace of a space with a D-vector position operator $$X=(X_0,\dots X_{D-1})$$

X
=
(

X
0

,
⋯

X

D
-
1

)

: the Heisenberg algebra $$[P^m, X_n] = \textrm{i}\delta ^m{}_n$$

[

P
m

,

X
n

]

=
i

δ
m

n

implies by a simple argument that each Poincaré multiplet of definite mass vanishes. The same conclusion follows from the Stone-von Neumann theorem. In a quantum theory the constraint of an absolutely continuous spectrum to a lower dimensional submanifold yields zero even if Dirac’s treatment of the corresponding classical constraint defines a symplectic submanifold with a consistent corresponding quantum model. Its Hilbert space is not a subspace of the unconstrained theory. Hence the operator relations of the unconstrained model need not carry over to the constrained model. Our argument excludes quantized worldline models of relativistic particles and the physical states of the covariant quantum string. We correct misconceptions about the generators of Lorentz transformations acting on particles.
Shallow vs. Deep Geoethics: Moving Beyond Anthropocentric Views
Authors: Frigo Giovanni , Ifanger Luiz Anselmo , Greco Roberto , Kopnina Helen , Hillerbrand Rafaela 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAt its inception, geoethics was envisioned as a type of professional ethics concerned with the moral implications of geoscientific research, applications, and practices. More recently, however, some scholars have proposed versions of geoethics as public and global ethics. To better understand these developments, this article considers the relationship between geoethics and environmental ethics by exploring different aspects of the human-nature relation (i.e., the moral status and role of humans in relation to the non-human world). We start by noting that the main strains of geoethical thought elaborated so far represent examples of environmental virtue ethics and defend moral weak anthropocentric positions (e.g., “ethical”, “responsible” or “enlightened” anthropocentrism). Some scholars propose that such weak anthropocentric geoethics can synthesize the different positions in environmental ethics and move beyond them toward a novel and distinct approach. We compare the meaning and the use of the term “anthropocentrism” in both environmental ethics and geoethics, stressing that although geoethics is inevitably epistemically anthropocentric (i.e., anthropogenic), it does not need to be morally anthropocentric. We consider the compatibility of non-anthropocentric stances with current geoethical theory and argue for the integration of normative non-anthropocentric accounts (e.g., ecocentric) into geoethical debates and geoscience education.
The Effect of a Quality Improvement Project on Improving Patients’ Willingness to Receive an Influenza Vaccination in the Emergency Department
Authors: German Paola H. , Lazenby Mark , Phillips Susanne , Jun Angela 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe aim of this project was to increase willingness to receive the influenza vaccine to the optimal rate of ≥ 70%. Low acuity adult patients who visited an Emergency Department (ED) were assessed regarding their willingness to receive the influenza vaccine before and after an educational intervention that included a provider recommendation and an educational handout. A total of seventy-six patients (n = 76) were assessed. Patients’ willingness to receive the influenza vaccine rose from 29% pre-intervention to 72% post-intervention without disrupting the clinical flow in a busy ED. Similar vaccine educational strategies can be applied to influenza and other vaccines in EDs to increase vaccination willingness in patients, including those who use the ED as a primary point of contact for healthcare, decreasing the burden of influenza illness in the community.
Andreev Hidden Spinor Coordinates: Standard Model, Gravity and $$^3$$He
Authors: Volovik G. E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper is prepared for a special memorial issue of J. Low Temp. Phys. dedicated to the Memory of Alexander Andreev. I discuss his ideas devoted to the fundamental problem in modern physics—the origin and validity of the superselection rule, which forbids the superposition of a fermion and a boson state. Andreev suggested extra spin degrees of freedom, due to which the $$2\pi$$

2
π

rotation does not change the sign of the fermionic wave function, and as a result the fermion-boson transmutation becomes possible. Although his approach looks somewhat contradictory from the point of view of the present physics, in principle his ideas can be realized on the more fundamental trans-Planckian level leading to new physics. Different scenarios of the extension of the internal spinor space are considered.
Privacy-Aware Anomaly Detection in IoT Environments using FedGroup: A Group-Based Federated Learning Approach
Authors: Zhang Yixuan , Suleiman Basem , Alibasa Muhammad Johan , Farid Farnaz 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe popularity of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in smart homes has raised significant concerns regarding data security and privacy. Traditional machine learning (ML) methods for anomaly detection often require sharing sensitive IoT data with a central server, posing security and efficiency challenges. In response, this paper introduces FedGroup, a novel Federated Learning (FL) method inspired by FedAvg. FedGroup revolutionizes the central model’s learning process by updating it based on the learning patterns of distinct groups of IoT devices. Our experimental results demonstrate that FedGroup consistently achieves comparable or superior accuracy in anomaly detection when compared to both federated and non-federated learning methods. Additionally, Ensemble Learning (EL) collects intelligence from numerous contributing models, leading to enhanced prediction performance. Furthermore, FedGroup significantly improves the detection of attack types and their details, contributing to a more robust security framework for smart homes. Our approach demonstrates exceptional performance, achieving an accuracy rate of 99.64% with a minimal false positive rate (FPR) of 0.02% in attack type detection, and an impressive 99.89% accuracy in attack type detail detection.
Radiochemical isolation of 45Ti using ion chromatography
Authors: Strecker J. , Wachten T. , Neumaier B. , Spahn I. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract45Ti exhibits favorable decay properties for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and can be easily produced by the bombardment of natural scandium (Sc) by protons using the 45Sc(p,n)45Ti nuclear reaction. However, separation of 45Ti from irradiated Sc targets is arduous due to the hydrolytic instability of Ti(IV) complexes, making it a significant bottleneck for routine application of this radionuclide. In the present work, we describe the development and optimization of an ion chromatographic separation method based on trapping of 45Ti on a hydroxamate-functionalized chelating resin and subsequent elution with oxalic acid at pH = 2.8. Under optimized conditions, this method enabled 45Ti-recovery of 61 ± 8% within 7 min. Sc contamination in scaled-up experiments was found to be only 3.0 ± 1.8 µg/mL. The resulting 45Ti-solution was directly used for complexation with CDTA as a model chelator, affording the corresponding [45Ti]Ti(cdta) complex with a radiochemical conversion of 73 ± 3%. Conclusively, this promising method could be transferred to automated synthesis modules and should enable the preparation of 45Ti-labeled compounds for PET imaging.
Liquid–liquid extraction of strontium from acidic solutions into ionic liquids using crown ethers
Authors: Houzar Jan , Cubova Katerina , Semelova Miroslava , Nemec Mojmir 
Published: January 2024

Abstract90Sr is one of the most monitored fission products. New efficient methods for strontium separation are therefore sought. Over the past 20 years, crown ethers solutions in ionic liquids (ILs) have been confirmed to efficiently extract strontium from acidic solutions. Despite all the work done in this field, the extraction mechanism is still not completely clear. Depending on experimental conditions, the extraction is believed to proceed either in the form of an ion-association complex [Sr·CE·(NO3)2] or via exchange between [Sr·CE]2+ and two IL cations. This work aims to study the influence of several extraction parameters and compare them with the presumed mechanisms.
Physiological roles of propolis and red ginseng nanoplatforms in alleviating dexamethasone-induced male reproductive challenges in a rat model
Authors: Aziz Rabie L. Abdel , Abdel-Wahab Ahmed , Abdel-Razik Abdel-Razik H. , Kamel Shaimaa , Farghali Ahmed A. , Saleh Romaissaa , Mahmoud Rehab , Ibrahim Marwa A. , Nabil Taghred M. , El-Ela Fatma I. Abo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Red ginseng and propolis are well-known antioxidants that have been related to a reduction in oxidative stress.

Objective
This study evaluated the efficiency of red ginseng and propolis, either in powder or as nano-forms against dexamethasone—induced testicular oxidative challenges in adult male albino rats.

Methods
Forty rats were divided into 8 equal groups including control negative group that was given vehicle (DMSO), control positive group that was administered dexamethasone in addition to the nano-propolis, nano-ginseng, nano-propolis + dexamethasone, nano ginseng+dexamethasone, propolis+dexamethasone and ginseng + dexamethasone groups. Serum, semen and tissue samples were obtained.

Results
Lower testosterone levels, higher levels of MDA, and lower levels of total antioxidant capacity in serum, as well as impaired semen quality and a disturbed histopathological picture of both the testis and seminal glands, were all observed as significant negative effects of dexamethasone. These findings were confirmed by lower gene expression profiles of CYP11A1, StAR, HSD-3b, Nrf-2 and ACTB-3b in testicular and seminal gland tissues. The most powerful anti-dexamethasone effects were obtained with either propolis in nanoform or conventional ginseng.

Conclusion
Propolis nano-formulation and ginseng in conventional form could be considered excellent candidates to ameliorate the oxidative stress provoked by dexamethasone, however, neither nano-ginseng nor conventional propolis showed such effects.
Long-term exposure to lead nitrate and zinc sulfate Nile tilapia impact the Aeromonas hydrophila treatment
Authors: Sherif Ahmed H. , Okasha Lamiaa A. , Kassab Amina S , Abass Mona E. , Kasem Enas A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Pollution with heavy metals (HMs) is time- and concentration-dependent. Lead and zinc pollute the aquatic environment, causing severe health issues in aquatic animals.

Materials and methods
Nile tilapia, the predominant cultured fish in Egypt, were experimentally exposed to 10% of LC50 of lead nitrate (PbNO3) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4). Samples were collected in three different periods, 4, 6, and 8 weeks, in addition to a trial to treat the experimental fish infected with Aeromonas hydrophila, with an antibiotic (florfenicol).

Results
Liver enzymes were linearly upsurged in a time-dependent manner in response to HMs exposure. ALT was 92.1 IU/l and AST was 82.53 IU/l after eight weeks. In the eighth week of the HMs exposure, in the hepatic tissue, the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and metallothionein (MT) were increased to 117.8 U/mg prot, 72.2 U/mg prot, and 154.5 U/mg prot, respectively. On exposure to HMs, gene expressions of some cytokines were linearly downregulated in a time-dependent manner compared to the control. After four weeks of exposure to the HMs, the oxidative burst activity (OBA) of immune cells was decreased compared to the control 9.33 and 10.3 cells, respectively. Meanwhile, the serum bactericidal activity (SBA) significantly declined to 18.5% compared to the control 32.6% after eight weeks of exposure. Clinical signs of A. hydrophila infection were exaggerated in polluted fish, with a mortality rate (MR) of 100%. The re-isolation rate of A. hydrophila was decreased in fish treated with florfenicol regardless of the pollution impacts after eight weeks of HMs exposure.

Conclusion
It could be concluded that the immune suppression and oxidative stress resulting from exposure to HMs are time-dependent. Clinical signs and post-mortem lesions in polluted fish infected with A. hydrophila were prominent. Infected-Nile tilapia had weak responses to florfenicol treatment due to HMs exposure.
Methodological approach for mapping the flood physical vulnerability index with geographical open-source data: an example in a small-middle city (Ponferrada, Spain)
Authors: Tascón-González Laura , Ferrer-Julià Montserrat , García-Meléndez Eduardo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo increase the resilience of communities against floods, it is necessary to develop methodologies to estimate the vulnerability. The concept of vulnerability is multidimensional, but most flood vulnerability studies have focused only on the social approach. Nevertheless, in recent years, following seismic analysis, the physical point of view has increased its relevance. Therefore, the present study proposes a methodology to map the flood physical vulnerability and applies it using an index at urban parcel scale for a medium-sized town (Ponferrada, Spain). This index is based on multiple indicators fed by geographical open-source data, once they have been normalized and combined with different weights extracted from an Analytic Hierarchic Process. The results show a raster map of the physical vulnerability index that facilitates future emergency and flood risk management to diminish potential damages. A total of 22.7% of the urban parcels in the studied town present an index value higher than 0.4, which is considered highly vulnerable. The location of these urban parcels would have passed unnoticed without the use of open governmental datasets, when an average value would have been calculated for the overall municipality. Moreover, the building percentage covered by water was the most influential indicator in the study area, where the simulated flood was generated by an alleged dam break. The study exceeds the spatial constraints of collecting this type of data by direct interviews with inhabitants and allows for working with larger areas, identifying the physical buildings and infrastructure differences among the urban parcels.
Dating in captivity: creativity, digital affordance, and the organization of interaction in online dating during quarantine
Authors: Zhou Kaiting 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUnprecedented times compel new ways to explore relationships. Using interviews with dating app users quarantined in American cities at the height of the Covid-19 pandemic, I show the impacts of digital mediation on the highly scripted interactional patterns in dating. Drawing from the literature on creative action, temporality, digital affordance, and the materiality of cultural objects, I examine how actors access the creative opportunities in digitally mediated interaction. I find that dating partners creatively mobilized the affordances of digital technologies to approximate a dating script in organizing online interactions, which simultaneously allowed them to formulate relational narratives with varying deviation from the scripted temporal structure. I identify three aspects of digital affordances offering creative opportunities: the dissolution of spatial-temporal boundaries, the production and circulation of digital objects, and the connection between contexts. Taking advantage of an extraordinary moment of cultural and interactional rupture that necessitated digital solutions to connect, this article demonstrates how digital technologies unsettle culturally institutionalized interactional patterns and the formation of meaningful relationships.
Sacred Foe: About the Face of Exemplary Evil
Authors: Leone Massimo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis essay aims to summarize and explore two issues that, in the exegetical and representational traditions of the biblical text, have triggered a myriad of semiotic intelligences. First, the nature of Cain’s face at the moment of the sacrifice refused him by the Lord, a face variously interpreted as angry, sad, dejected, depressed, dark. Second, the nature of the sign imposed by God on Cain following Abel’s fratricide. After exploring Jewish and Christian exegesis, ancient and modern, with some reference to contemporary narrative versions (and especially to Saramago’s Cain), the reflection will turn to the question of whether this kind of exegetical questioning can be part of the objects of a discipline like semiotics, the modern science of signs.