bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐operative functions between nuclear factors NFκB and CCAT/enhancer‐binding protein‐β (C/EBP‐β) regulate the IL‐6 promoter in autocrine human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Xiao Weihua , Hodge David R. , Wang Lihua , Yang Xiaoyi , Zhang Xiaohu , Farrar William L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDIL‐6 is a growth and survival factor for prostate cancer cells through autocrine pathways. Here, we have systematically examined the transcriptional regulation mechanisms of IL‐6 in autocrine prostate cancer cells.METHODSRT‐PCR and immunohistochemical staining were used to determine IL‐6 production in the cells. Serial mutant IL‐6 promoter luciferase reporters were generated and their transcriptional activities were examined. The transcription factors involved in IL‐6 regulation were identified with super‐shift EMSA. Overexpression of NFκB p65 and C/EBP‐β, and blockade of NFκB with IκBα or CAPE were performed to demonstrate the cooperation between NFκB p65 and C/EBP‐β in activation of IL‐6.RESULTSTranscription factor regulatory sites IL6‐NFκB, IL6‐C/EBP, IL6‐CREB, and IL6‐AP1, are responsive to constitutively activated IL‐6 production in autocrine prostate cancer cell lines. Among these sites, IL6‐AP1 and IL6‐C/EBP appear most important, while IL6‐NFκB shows the least effect for IL‐6 promoter activity as determined by mutant IL‐6 promoter luciferase reporter assay. Nevertheless, nuclear factor NFκB is activated and required. Such activation is minimally dependent upon the IL6‐NFκB site, occurring through cooperation with other transcription factors that bind the IL‐6 promoter. Cooperation between NFκB p65 and C/EBP‐β did not require a functional IL6‐NFκB binding site.CONCLUSIONSThese data support a unique role for NFκB p65 as the primary trigger in autocrine production of IL‐6 in prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, we describe a novel transcriptional activation mechanism for NFκB that is independent of its regulatory binding site, occurring through cooperation with other transcription factors that facilitate the neighboring regulatory site. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amyloid β‐peptide interactions with neuronal and glial cell plasma membrane: binding sites and implications for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Verdier Yann , Zarándi Márta , Penke Botond 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe extracellular accumulation of amyloid‐beta (Aβ) in neuritic plaques is one of the characteristic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive dementing neurodegenerative disorder of the elderly. By virtue of its structure, Aβ is able to bind to a variety of biomolecules, including lipids, proteins and proteoglycans. The binding of the various forms of Aβ (soluble or fibrillar) to plasma membranes has been studied with regard to the direct toxicity of Aβ to neurons, and the activation of a local inflammation phase involving microglia.The binding of Aβ to membrane lipids facilitates Aβ fibrillation, which in turn disturbs the structure and function of the membranes, such as membrane fluidity or the formation of ion channels.A subset of membrane proteins binds Aβ. The serpin‐enzyme complex receptor (SEC‐R) and the insulin receptor can bind the monomeric form of Aβ. The α7nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), integrins, RAGE (receptor for advanced glycosylation end‐products) and FPRL1 (formyl peptide receptor‐like 1) are able to bind the monomeric and fibrillar forms of Aβ. In addition, APP (amyloid precursor protein), the NMDA‐R (N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor), the P75 neurotrophin receptor (P75NTR), the CLAC‐P/collagen type XXV (collagen‐like Alzheimer amyloid plaque component precursor/collagen XXV), the scavenger receptors A, BI (SR‐A, SR‐BI) and CD36, a complex involving CD36, α6β1–integrin and CD47 have been reported to bind the fibrillar form of Aβ.Heparan sulfate proteoglycans have also been described as cell‐surface binding sites for Aβ. The various effects of Aβ binding to these membrane molecules are discussed. Copyright © 2004 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suicidal ideation and attempts in adolescents: associations with depression and six domains of self‐esteem
Authors: Wild Lauren G. , Flisher Alan J. , Lombard Carl 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis study aimed to disentangle the influence of depression and self‐esteem on suicidal behaviour in adolescence. Grades 8 and 11 students in Cape Town, South Africa (n=939) completed questionnaires assessing suicidal ideation and behaviour, depression, and self‐esteem with respect to family, peers, school, sports/athletics, body image and global self‐worth. Data were analysed using a series of multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for gender, grade, race and the sampling strategy. Results indicated that depression and low self‐esteem in the family context were independently associated with suicide ideation and attempts. Moreover, low family self‐esteem significantly differentiated suicide attempters from ideators. Screening for depression and low self‐esteem in the family context is discussed as a possible strategy for helping to identify adolescents at risk for suicide attempts.
Generic manufacturing strategies and plant performance
Authors: Devaraj Sarv , Hollingworth David G , Schroeder Roger G 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis study examines the effects of the fit between generic manufacturing strategies (GMS) and manufacturing objectives upon strategically relevant plant level performance outcomes (e.g. cost‐efficiency, quality, delivery, flexibility, and innovation). The proposition that plants with generic manufacturing strategies that are consistent (fit) with operational objectives will experience relatively higher levels of performance than others is tested using data from multiple countries and industries. A simultaneous estimation analysis revealed significant relationships between generic manufacturing strategies and plant performance, when accounting for operational objectives and while controlling for country, industry, and size effects.
Nonrhinologic Headache in a Tertiary Rhinology Practice
Authors: Perry Brian F. , Login Ivan S. , Kountakis Stilianos E. 
Published: April 2004

OBJECTIVEOur goal was to determine the etiology of headache in patients who were referred for sinus evaluation but were found to have no evidence of rhinosinusitis on computed tomography (CT) of the sinuses and on endoscopic examination.METHODSData were collected prospectively from 100 patients with headache but with normal sinus CT and endoscopic examination. Headache and 20‐Item Sino‐Nasal Outcomes Test (SNOT‐20) scores of patients with the chief complaint of headache and who requested further neurologic evaluation (group I) were compared with the scores of patients who did not list headache as a significant symptom (group II) and with the scores of patients without headache (group III).RESULTSThe most common neurologic diagnosis for group I patients (n = 36) was migraine headaches (58%). These patients also had higher mean SNOT‐20 scores (24 ± 3.3) compared to group II patients with mild headache (14.6 ± 2.3) or group III patients without headache (12.4 ± 2.1).CONCLUSIONMigraine was the most common type of headache in patients with normal sinus CT treated for presumed rhinosinusitis as the cause of the headache. Patients with headache as their chief complaint that required further neurologic evaluation had overall higher SNOT‐20 scores than nonheadache patients, indicating greater disability of their overall quality of life index. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;130:449‐52.)
Radiologic and Histological Evaluation of Otogenic Sliced Cartilage Grafts at the Tip of the Chin of Rabbits: An Experimental Study
Authors: Akbas Hayati , Karacaoglan Naci , Eroglu Lutfi , Uysal Ata , Incesu Lutfi , Kandemir Bedri 
Published: April 2004

OBJECTIVESCartilage grafts have been commonly used in plastic and reconstructive surgery applications for many different goals, such as auricular reconstruction and rhinoplasty. The use of autologous cartilage is ideal for many reasons. An attempt was made to produce an experimental animal model to test the efficacy of otogenic Surgicel‐wrapped sliced cartilage.METHODSIn this experimental study, cartilage grafts were harvested from rabbits' ears. These grafts were cut in pieces of 0.5 mm to 1 mm using a no. 11 blade. This cartilage mass was wrapped in one layer of Surgicel (oxidized regenerated cellulose) and inserted in the chin of the rabbits. MR analyses were made at 1 week and 6 months and histological analyses were made at 6 months.RESULTSCartilage grafts maintained approximately 80% of their dimensions in MRI. The proportion of necrosis was between 30% and 50% and the proportion of resorption was approximately 20% in the histological studies.
On Diophantine definability and decidability in some infinite totally real extensions of ℚ
Authors: Shlapentokh Alexandra 
Published: April 2004

LetMMbe a number field, andWMW_Ma set of its non-Archimedean primes. Then letOM,WM={x∈M|ordt⁡x≥0,∀t∉WM}O_{M,W_M} = \{x \in M| \operatorname {ord}_{\mathfrak {t}}x \geq 0, \, \forall \mathfrak {t} \, \not \in W_M\}. Let{p1,…,pr}\{p_1,\ldots ,p_r\}be a finite set of prime numbers. LetFinfF_{inf}be the field generated by all thepijp_i^{j}-th roots of unity asj→∞j \rightarrow \inftyandi=1,…,ri=1,\ldots ,r. LetKinfK_{inf}be the largest totally real subfield ofFinfF_{inf}. Then for anyε>0\varepsilon > 0, there exist a number fieldM⊂KinfM \subset K_{inf}, and a setWMW_Mof non-Archimedean primes ofMMsuch thatWMW_Mhas density greater than1−ε1-\varepsilon, andZ\mathbb {Z}has a Diophantine definition over the integral closure ofOM,WMO_{M,W_M}inKinfK_{inf}.
Probing plasma membrane microdomains in cowpea protoplasts using lipidated GFP‐fusion proteins and multimode FRET microscopy
Authors: Vermeer J. E. M. , Van Munster E. B. , Vischer N. O. , Gadella T. W. J. 
Published: April 2004

SummaryMultimode fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy was applied to study the plasma membrane organization using different lipidated green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐fusion proteins co‐expressed in cowpea protoplasts. Cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) was fused to the hyper variable region of a small maize GTPase (ROP7) and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) was fused to the N‐myristoylation motif of the calcium‐dependent protein kinase 1 (LeCPK1) of tomato. Upon co‐expressing in cowpea protoplasts a perfect co‐localization at the plasma membrane of the constructs was observed. Acceptor‐photobleaching FRET microscopy indicated a FRET efficiency of 58% in protoplasts co‐expressing CFP‐Zm7hvr and myrLeCPK1‐YFP, whereas no FRET was apparent in protoplasts co‐expressing CFP‐Zm7hvr and YFP. Fluorescence spectral imaging microscopy (FSPIM) revealed, upon excitation at 435 nm, strong YFP emission in the fluorescence spectra of the protoplasts expressing CFP‐Zm7hvr and myrLeCPK1‐YFP. Also, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) analysis indicated FRET because the CFP fluorescence lifetime of CFP‐Zm7hvr was reduced in the presence of myrLeCPK1‐YFP. A FRET fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis on a partially acceptor‐bleached protoplast co‐expressing CFP‐Zm7hvr and myrLeCPK1‐YFP revealed slow requenching of the CFP fluorescence in the acceptor‐bleached area upon diffusion of unbleached acceptors into this area. The slow exchange of myrLeCPK1‐YFP in the complex with CFP‐Zm7hvr reflects a relatively high stability of the complex. Together, the FRET data suggest the existence of plasma membrane lipid microdomains in cowpea protoplasts.
GFP is the way to glow: bioimaging of the plant endomembrane system
Authors: Brandizzi F. , Irons S. L. , Johansen J. , Kotzer A. , Neumann U. 
Published: April 2004

SummaryIt is less than a decade that the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its spectral variants have changed the approach to studying the dynamics of the plant secretory pathway. GFP technology has in fact shed new light on secretory events by allowing bioimaging in vivo right to the heart of a plant cell. This review highlights exciting discoveries and the most recent developments in the understanding of morphology and dynamics of the plant secretory pathway achieved with the application of fluorescent proteins.
FM‐dyes as experimental probes for dissecting vesicle trafficking in living plant cells
Authors: Bolte S. , Talbot C. , Boutte Y. , Catrice O. , Read N. D. , Satiat‐Jeunemaitre B. 
Published: April 2004

SummaryFM‐dyes are widely used to study endocytosis, vesicle trafficking and organelle organization in living eukaryotic cells. The increasing use of FM‐dyes in plant cells has provoked much debate with regard to their suitability as endocytosis markers, which organelles they stain and the precise pathways they follow through the vesicle trafficking network. A primary aim of this article is to assess critically the current status of this debate in plant cells. For this purpose, background information on the important characteristics of the FM‐dyes, and of optimal dye concentrations, conditions of dye storage, and staining and imaging protocols, are provided. Particular emphasis is placed on using the FM‐dyes in double labelling experiments to identity specific organelles. In this way, staining of the Golgi with FM4‐64 has been demonstrated for the first time.
Increased oxidative stress and apoptosis in acute puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis
Authors: Rincon Jaimar , Romero Maritza , Viera Ninoska , Pedrean˜ez Adriana , Mosquera Jesus 
Published: April 2004

SummaryAccumulating evidence demonstrates that oxidative stress is one of the underlying mechanisms to induce apoptosis in different biological systems. The aim of this study was to examine the simultaneous presence and correlation between oxidative stress events, apoptosis, apoptosis‐associated proteins and monocyte/macrophage infiltration during the course of acute puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis (PAN). To induce nephrosis, Sprague‐Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with puromycin aminonucleoside and killed at weeks 1 and 2 of nephrosis. Controls represent animals injected with 0.9% saline solution. Kidney sections were homogenized to measure nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities by appropriate enzymatic and biochemical methods. Renal frozen sections were studied for superoxide anion (O2–) by a histochemical method, for apoptosis by TUNEL (terminal‐deoxynucleotidyl‐transferase‐mediated dUTP– digoxigenin nick end labelling) and for apoptosis‐associated protein expression and monocyte/macrophage infiltration by monoclonal antibodies. Increased renal apoptosis, p53, Bax, Bcl‐2 accompanied by increased O2– and NO generation, lipid peroxidation (MDA) and monocyte/macrophage infiltration were found in nephrotic animals. Renal oxidative stress (O2–, NO and MDA) was correlated with apoptosis, p53 expression, monocyte/macrophage cells and proteinuria. Anti‐oxidant molecules (SOD and GSH) remained unchanged apart from a decreased activity of catalase which correlated with glomerular apoptosis. In conclusion, the close correlation between the presence of apoptosis and oxidative events confirms the role of oxidative stress in the apoptosis observed during PAN.
Osteoporosis and inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Bernstein C. N. , Leslie W. D. 
Published: April 2004

SummaryStudies using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry have suggested a high prevalence of osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease. However, population‐based data on fracture incidence suggest only a small increased risk of fracture amongst patients with inflammatory bowel disease compared with the general population. Therefore, it would be helpful to identify patients with inflammatory bowel disease at particularly high risk for fracture so that these risks might be modified or interventions might be undertaken. The data on calcium intake as a predictor of bone mineral density are conflicting. Although there are data suggesting that a one‐time survey to determine current calcium intake will not help to predict bone mineral density in inflammatory bowel disease, persistently reduced calcium intake does appear to lead to lower bone mineral density. In the general population, body mass is strongly correlated with bone mineral density, which also appears to be true in Crohn's disease. Hence, subjects with inflammatory bowel disease and considerable weight loss, or who are obviously malnourished, could be considered for bone mineral density testing, and the finding of a low bone mineral density would suggest the need for more aggressive nutritional support. Although vitamin D is undoubtedly important in bone health, vitamin D intake and serum vitamin D levels do not correlate well with bone mineral density. Sex hormone deficiency can also adversely affect bone health, although a well‐developed strategy for sex hormone measurements in patients with inflammatory bowel disease remains to be established. Ultimately, the determination of genetic mutations that accurately predict fracture susceptibility may be the best hope for developing a simplified strategy for managing bone health in inflammatory bowel disease.The therapy of osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease has been adapted from other osteoporosis settings, such as post‐menopausal or corticosteroid‐induced osteoporosis. To date, there remains no therapy proven to be efficacious in inflammatory bowel disease‐related osteoporosis; however, calcium and vitamin D supplementation and bisphosphonates have their roles.
Even population differentiation for maternal and biparental gene markers in Eugenia uniflora, a widely distributed species from the Brazilian coastal Atlantic rain forest
Authors: Salgueiro Fabiano , Felix Durvalina , Caldas José Fernando , Margis‐Pinheiro Márcia , Margis Rogério 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTBrazilian cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) occurs in the Brazilian Atlantic Coastal Tropical Forest from the north‐eastern state of Ceara, to the southernmost state of Rio Grande do Sul. E. uniflora plays an important role in the maintenance of ‘Restinga’ ecosystems, at the interface between forest and strand vegetation. Here, we characterize the genetic diversity, its allocation within and between populations and the possible components of nuclear and cytoplasmic gene flow that determine the spatial distribution of the genetic variability. Five E. uniflora populations encompassing distinct biogeographical components were sampled: populations at extremes of latitudinal distribution, at an oceanic island and close to the major urban centre of Rio de Janeiro. AFLP markers showed that genetic variance among studied populations was moderate (Fst = 0.211) with 78.9% of variability residing within populations. The estimated seed and pollen components of gene flow among populations were approximately equal, with a ratio between 1.003 and 0.713 in function of the cpDNA marker used. The five populations present a considerable genetic structure, as assigned by both nuclear and chloroplastic DNA markers. Our data suggest the existence of different glacial refugia and a limited pollen and seed gene flow, mainly between the southern and the other regions enclosed in the Atlantic rain forest. Therefore, any strategy of conservation and management has to assure the preservation of several populations along the Atlantic coast, to maintain the majority of the intra specific level of diversity.
Modelling distribution patterns in a species‐rich plant genus, Anthurium (Araceae), in Ecuador
Authors: Vargas J. H. , Consiglio T. , Jørgensen P. M. , Croat T. B. 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTModelling potential species distributions has become a powerful tool for botanists in recent years. Using herbarium specimen data and GIS desktop software, we modelled the potential distribution of 36 endemic and 47 non‐endemic species of Anthurium (Araceae) in Ecuador based on mean annual temperature and humidity. Our results indicate the most important region for endemics in western Ecuador lies between the Andes and Coastal mountain ranges between 200 and 700 m, while for eastern Ecuador a belt of potential high diversity occurs directly along the foothills of the Andes under 1000 m. A very interesting result of this study highlights a site of predicted high species diversity at the borders of Guyas, Cañar, Bolivar, and Chimborazo, as well as sites within the Cordillera del Condor along the border with Peru. Potential richness for non‐endemic Anthurium species was similar to that of endemics with the inclusion of a large area of Amazonian lowlands in the east of the country. Over 40% of the protected areas in Ecuador occur in the eastern Amazonian lowlands, an area of low diversity for Anthurium endemics. Overall, for areas with potential high concentrations of endemic species identified in this study, only 3.1% are within Ecuador's protected areas.
Management strategies for plant invasions: manipulating productivity, disturbance, and competition
Authors: Huston Michael A. 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTThe traditional approach to understanding invasions has focused on properties of the invasive species and of the communities that are invaded. A well‐established concept is that communities with higher species diversity should be more resistant to invaders. However, most recently published field data contradict this theory, finding instead that areas with high native plant diversity also have high exotic plant diversity. An alternative environment‐based approach to understanding patterns of invasions assumes that native and exotic species respond similarly to environmental conditions, and thus predicts that they should have similar patterns of abundance and diversity. Establishment and growth of native and exotic species are predicted to vary in response to the interaction of plant growth rates with the frequency and intensity of mortality‐causing disturbances. This theory distinguishes between the probability of establishment and the probability of dominance, predicting that establishment should be highest under unproductive and undisturbed conditions and also disturbed productive conditions. However, the probability of dominance by exotic species, and thus of potential negative impacts on diversity, is highest under productive conditions. The theory predicts that a change in disturbance regime can have opposite effects in environments with contrasting levels of productivity. Manipulation of productivity and disturbance provides opportunities for resource managers to influence the interactions among species, offering the potential to reduce or eliminate some types of invasive species.
Biological invasions at the gene level
Authors: Petit Rémy J. 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTDespite several recent contributions of population and evolutionary biology to the rapidly developing field of invasion biology, integration is far from perfect. I argue here that invasion and native status are sometimes best discussed at the level of the gene rather than at the level of the species. This, and the need to consider both natural (e.g. postglacial) and human‐induced invasions, suggests that a more integrative view of invasion biology is required.