bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Military Vaccine Mandates: Thirty-Five Navy SEALs Believe Fighting for Religious Exemptions is A Shot Worth Taking
Authors: Greene Madeleine 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Americans take great pride in their constitutional freedoms, especially the renowned First Amendment, which states that “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.” (U.S. Const. amend. I) The free exercise of religion is safeguarded by the First Amendment’s Free Exercise Clause; yet, in the face of a public health crisis – how far does this protection extend? Moreover, does the Free Exercise Clause cover all Americans equally? In 2020, the Corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic began testing the limits of the First Amendment. President Joseph Biden and Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin mandated that all active and reserve military members take the newly developed COVID-19 vaccinations. Failing to comply would leave service members with no other option than to be dishonorably discharged from military service. This paper seeks to analyze the current case of thirty-five Navy SEALs who were denied religious exemptions from the COVID-19 vaccines, and examines the implications this has on First Amendment protections for military servicemembers.
Establishment of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I reference interval for a hospitalized paediatric population under improved selection criteria in the Shandong area
Authors: Chen Lei , Wang Wei-Hua , Wang Li-Peng , Wang Na , Dong Sheng-Jie , Ding Yan-Jie , Chen Guo-Zhen , Jiang Hui-Hui , Xin Yu , Sun Cheng-Ming 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of plasma troponin I concentration and establish the 99th percentile reference for hs-cTnI in a hospitalized population without a cardiovascular discharge diagnosis from the Shandong area.

Methods
The hs-cTnI data of anonymous paediatric patients were collected from Qingdao University-Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital from 2016 to 2020. Indirect methods were used to calculate the hs-cTnI 99th percentile reference of the whole population and different age groups. Fitting curves and corresponding equations were displayed to determine the relationship between age and hs-cTnI level using the analysis of covariate variance.

Results
Hs-cTnI plasma levels were highest in the first week of life and declined with age in days. This study found significant differences in the troponin reference intervals for children in different age stratification. The serum hs-cTnI concentration decreased with age in days. In some subgroups, hs-cTnI levels between genders showed a significant difference after the analysis of covariance showed that age was the only predictor of hs-cTnI plasma levels. A non-linear relationship was observed between age and hs-cTnI levels. Thus, curvilinear fitting curve equations for each group were constructed to evaluate the possible relationship between age and hs-cTnI concentration.

Conclusions
During paediatric period, the highest hs-cTnI concentrations were observed in children aged <1 year, especially those under 7 days. This study presented the 99th percentile cut-offs for different age groups in children aged 0–14 years, which can provide a certain reference value for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of myocardial injury in children.
Health Consequences Among COVID-19 Convalescent Patients 30 Months Post-Infection in China
Authors: Yin Yu , Guo Yi , Xiao Mingzhong , Chen Qinlin , Long Pinpin , Wang Xi , Wang Jingzhi , Shao Zuoyu , Qiu Yutong , Lu Yixuan , Yang Yuchan , Shi Xueqin , Ni Wei , Cheng Shanshan , Wang Qi , Liu Li , Wu Tangchun , Li Xiaodong , Wang Hao , Yuan Yu 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
The health consequences among COVID-19 convalescent patients 30 months post-infection were described and the potential risk factors were determined.

Methods:
In August 2022 we recruited 217 COVID-19 convalescent patients who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 in February 2020. These convalescent patients were residents of multiple districts in Wuhan, China. All convalescent patients completed a detailed questionnaire, laboratory testing, a 6-min walk test, a Borg dyspnea scale assessment, lung function testing, and had a chest CT. The potential risk factors for health consequences among COVID-19 convalescent patients 30 months post-infection were identified using a multivariate logistic regression model.

Results:
The majority of convalescent patients were in good overall health and returned to work 30 months post-infection; however, 62.2% of the convalescent patients had long COVID symptoms. The most common symptoms were chest pain, fatigue, and dizziness or headaches. The convalescent patients with severe symptoms had a significantly higher proportion of depression disorder (P = 0.044) and lower health-related quality of life (P = 0.034) compared to the convalescent patients with mild symptoms. Compared to convalescent patients who were not vaccinated, convalescent patients who received three vaccines had significantly less fatigue, lower anxiety and depression scores, and had a better health-related quality of life (all P < 0.05). Older age was associated with a higher risk of long COVID (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.16–2.02) and chest CT abnormalities (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.33–2.36). Female gender was associated with a higher risk of anxiety (OR = 3.20, 95% CI = 1.24–9.16) and depression disorders (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.11–5.92). Exercise was associated with a lower risk of anxiety (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.18–0.93). Notably, vaccination protected convalescent patients from developing long COVID symptoms (OR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.06–0.50), anxiety disorders (OR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.07–0.71), and depression disorders (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.12–0.92).

Conclusions:
The majority of COVID-19 convalescent patients were in good overall health 30 months post-infection and returned to work. More attention should be paid to convalescent patients who are older, female, physically inactive, and not vaccinated.
A Call for Early Detection of Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Kim Faith , Maitre Nathalie ,   Cerebral Palsy Foundation
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common physical disability across the lifespan, but historically, CP has not been diagnosed before the age of 2 years. Barriers to early diagnosis ranged from lack of available biomarkers, absence of curative treatments, perceived stigma associated with a lifelong diagnosis, and a desire to rule out other diagnoses first. Most importantly, the fundamental question that remained was whether children would benefit from earlier detection and intervention given the paucity of research. However, evidence-based guidelines published in 2017 demonstrated that the General Movements Assessment, the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination, and neuroimaging can be combined with other elements such as a clinical history and standardized motor assessments to provide the highest predictive value for diagnosing CP as early as age 3 months in high-risk newborns. Implementation of these guidelines has been successful in decreasing the age at CP diagnosis, particularly in high-risk infant follow-up clinics with expertise in performing these assessments. Early detection of CP allows for clinical and research opportunities investigating earlier interventions during a critical period of neuroplasticity, with the goal of improving developmental trajectories for children and their families. New guidelines and research are now being developed with a focus on early, targeted interventions that continue to be studied, along with global detection initiatives.
Beyond Coding: Regulations and Policies for Telephone/Audio-only Services
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: December 2023

This article reviews some of the regulations that practices should consider in developing policies and procedures for delivery, documentation, and reporting of telephone or other audio-only evaluation and management (E/M) services. Topics to consider include the following:
Considerations for policy and procedures Securing the privacy of patient health information Preservice preparations for delivery and documentation of telephone services
Strategi Penanganan Hambatan Perilaku serta Emosi pada Anak Hiperaktif dan Tunalaras
Authors: Anggraeni Dini , Putro Khamim Zarkasih 
Published: December 2023

Tunalaras dan hiperaktif memiliki makna yang berbeda yaitu anak hiperaktif adalah anak memiliki hasrat untuk meakukan sesuatu dengan intensitas yang berlebih yang biasanya anak hiperaktif tidak bisa diam dan selalu bergerak. Sedangkan anak tunalaras adalah anak yang memiliki kelainan prilaku dan sosial yang berda pada tahap kelaianan yang kronis. Untuk itu diperlukan strategi dalam penanganan anak hiperaktif dan tunalaras. Berdasarkan hal tersebut penulis melakukan penelitian ini dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui strategi penanganan hambatan prilaku serta emosi pada anak hiperaktif dan tunalaras. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode library research atau yang lebih dikenal studi pustaka. Teknik pengumpulan data dilaksanakan dengan cara menelaah jurnal, buku, sumber-sumber data dan informasi lainnya yang relavan dengan kajian. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan anlisis data deskriptif dengan metode reduksi data dan analisis data serta penarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa strategi penanganan anak hiperaktif dengan menggunakan pendekatan konvensional dan pendekatan trapis ilmiah menjadi salah satu strategi mengurangi atau mengatasi hiperaktif pada anak usia ini. Untuk penangan anak dengan tunalaras terdiri dari pendekatan biomedis, pendekatan psikodinamik, pendekatan perilaku, pendekatan pendidikan, dan pendekatan perilaku
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Mengenal Huruf Vokal melalui Media Papan Flanel Pintar Anak Usia 3-4 Tahun
Authors: Chaerani Alipah , Darmiyanti Astuti , Putri Feronica Eka 
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mengenal huruf vokal anak melalui media papan flanel pintar pada usia 3-4 tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan di PAUD Plamboyan 3 Karawang dengan jumlah subjek sebanyak delapan orang anak. Hasil observasi awal menunjukkan sebanyak 16,4% atau lima anak belum dapat mengenal huruf vokal. Sisanya 35,5% atau tiga orang anak telah mulai berkembang dalam menunjukkan kemampuan mengenal huruf vokal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas dengan observasi serta dokumentasi untuk mengumpulkan informasi. Analisa informasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif serta kualitatif. Hasil riset menunjukkan terdapat kenaikan kemampuan mengenal huruf vokal pada siklus I sebesar 56,6% serta siklus II sebesar 82,3% dengan indikator berikut: 1) Mengenal huruf vokal a, i, dan u; 2) Mengenal huruf vokal e dan o; 3) Mengenal jenis bunyi; 4) Mengenal bentuk huruf; 5) mencocokkan huruf vokal; 6) Mengelompokkan huruf vokal; 7) Mengidentifikasi nama; dan 8) Mengidentifikasi urutan huruf vokal.
Predictors of Language Proficiency among Medical and Paramedical Students: Vygotskian Sociocultural Theory
Authors: Moslehi Shadab , Kafipour Reza 
Published: December 2023

Background: There are many factors in determining language proficiency among university students. Identifying these factors can help the teaching and learning process to move forward more quickly and effectively.
Purpose: This study aimed to explore the relationship between social, cultural, and linguistic factors and the language proficiency of 221 medical and paramedical students at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences to identify if these factors contribute to language proficiency as an effective variable in students’ communication, academic performance, and quality patient care.
Method: The authors administered a questionnaire on these factors' role and a proficiency test. Then, they ran Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyses to determine the relationship and effects of such factors concerning language proficiency.
Results: The t-test revealed a statistically meaningful difference between medical and paramedical students concerning both mean scores of proficiency and cultural factors. The results indicated only social and cultural factors statistically correlated with paramedical students’ proficiency. Furthermore, none of these factors built any relationship or exerted any effects on the proficiency of medical students.
Conclusion: The results implied that educational policymakers should consider the existing differences between university students of different fields since they come from different sociocultural and linguistic backgrounds that have affected the academic stance in which they are studying. Moreover, the findings necessitate encouraging the policymakers and university lecturers to enhance their sociocultural competencies to adapt and fulfill the needs of such students and highlighting the roles of the family's socioeconomic positions through some workshops since the role of the family is an important variable in determining the extent to which a learner has acquired a specific cultural competence.
Exploring Academic Culture: Unpacking its Definition and Structure (A Systematic Scoping Review)
Authors: Tikhonova Elena , Kosycheva Marina , Kasatkin Petr 
Published: December 2023

Background: The concept of academic culture lacks a standardised definition, and its structural components have not been clearly outlined or universally agreed upon.
Purpose: This systematic scoping review aims to synthesise literature on academic culture, delineate its demographic characteristics, and extract definitions of academic culture and the components of its structure.
Method: A search was conducted in the bibliographic database Scopus on August 2nd, 2023. Additionally, a search for related grey literature was carried out on August 3rd, 2023. We included studies published in English post-2018 that discuss academic culture. Titles and abstracts from the retrieved records were screened for relevance. Demographic characteristics related to academic culture were extracted from all search records. We then extracted statements from research articles, book chapters, editorials and reviews defining academic culture and describing components of its structure. These identified structural components were categorised and thematically grouped, and then distributed according to the obtained components of academic culture. This review followed the guidelines of PRISMA-ScR to perform the study search and selection.
Results: The search yielded 961 records, of which 94 met our inclusion criteria. Predominantly consisting of journal articles, book chapters, or reviews (78.44%), only 23 of these records provided definitions of academic culture and its structure. Notably, different definitions frequently conflated academic and organisational culture. The structure of academic culture was delineated into three primary components and their subcomponents. This review also analysed the main focuses of academic culture during the specified period highlighting the importance of sustainable development across the three primary components of academic culture and shedding light on the diversity of academic culture models.
Conclusion: This study successfully identified the key structural components and summarised the existing definitions of academic culture. It also highlighted principal research directions for studying academic culture. A significant aspect of this review is the investigation of various levels of academic culture, emphasising a meta-level of academic culture as a global, conventionally-determined dimension. This meta-level serves as a universal hallmark or the development of both national and local academic cultures.
“MADEM BİLİYORSUN, NEDEN ÖĞRETMİYORSUN?” MOTTOSUNDAN HAREKETLE TIP FAKÜLTELERİNDE UYGULANABİLECEK ÖZGÜN BİR AKRAN DESTEKLİ EĞİTİM PROGRAMININ GELİŞTİRİLEBİLMESİ
Authors: DİLEK Burak , BAŞER KOLCU Mukadder İnci , KOLCU Giray 
Published: December 2023

Amaç
Akran destekli öğrenme (Peer-assisted learning-PAL),
benzer sosyal gruplardan gelen ve profesyonel öğretmen
olmayan bireylerin birbirlerine öğrenme konusunda
yardımcı oldukları ve böylece kendi öğrenme
deneyimlerini geliştirdikleri bir eğitim yaklaşımıdır.
Alan yazında belirtilmiş olumlu özelliklerinden dolayı
dünyada ve ülkemizde tercih nedenidir. Süleyman
Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi mezuniyet öncesi
eğitim programı incelendiğinde öğrencilerin katılabilecekleri
PAL temelinde geliştirilmiş bir eğitim programı
olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmamızın amacı
eğitim programımızı destekleyecek bir PAL programı
geliştirmek ve bu program içerisinde öğrenenlerin tıp
müfredatına dair konularda ya da tıp alanındaki bilimsel/
teknolojik gelişmelere dair derinlemesine öğrenmek,
bilimsel araştırma yapmak ve akranları ile
bu araştırma, öğrenme sürecini paylaşırken akran
öğretmenlerin bireysel gelişmelerine olası desteğini
belirlemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Çalışma bir program geliştirme çalışmasıdır. Program
geliştirilirken Kern altı basamak yaklaşımı tercih
edilmiştir. Programın değerlendirilmesinde katılımcılardan
geribildirim formu ile elde edilen verileri ve
program öncesi ve sonrasındaki genel not ortalamaları
kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular
Çalışmamıza 86 öğrenci katılmış ve 54’ü geribildirim
vermiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre öğrencilerin programdan
memnun oldukları belirlenmiş ve genel not
ortalamalarında artış gözlenmiştir.
Sonuç
Bu sonuçlar ışığın fakültemizde yer alan mezuniyet
öncesi eğitim programının PAL destekli bir programla
geliştirilmesinin öğrencilerin sosyal ve akademik becerilerine
katkı sağlayabileceği kanaatindeyiz.
Analisis Faktor Keberhasilan Inseminasi Buatan pada Sapi Program Optimalisasi Reproduksi di Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara
Authors: Desiona Nella , Umar Sayed , Elieser Simon 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT. Inseminasi buatan merupakan salah satu bioteknologi dalam bidang reproduksi ternak yang memungkinkan manusia mengawinkan ternak betina tanpa perlu seekor pejantan. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keberhasilan inseminasi buatan pada sapi yang dipelihara secara semi intensif telah dilakukan mulai bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2022 di Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survey, menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara langsung kepada peternak menggunakan kuesioner yang terstruktur, data sekunder diperoleh dari dinas terkait. Varibel yang diamati meliputi : angka kebuntingan, jumlah sapi betina, pengetahuan peternak dalam mendeteksi berahi, skor kondisi tubuh, jarak lokasi dan ketepatan waktu IB. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa R2 =65,3 yang artinya sebesar 65,3% variabel yang diamati memengaruhi angka kebuntingan sedangkan 34,7% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain. Jumlah sapi betina di tiap lokasi penelitian secara signifikan (P0,05) memengaruhi keberhasilan inseminasi buatan. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara nyata jumlah sapi betina memengaruhi keberhasilan IB dan secara simultan bersama variabel pengetahuan peternak dalam mendeteksi berahi, ketepatan waktu IB, jarak lokasi peternak dengan petugas IB serta BCS sebesar 65,3% memengaruhi keberhasilan IB di Kabupaten Deli Serdang. (Analysis of successful factors for artificial insemination cattle in the reproduction optimization program in Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatera) ABSTRAK. Artificial Insemination is one of the biotechnology in field of livestock reproduction that allows humans to inbreed female livestock without needed of male cattle. The method of this research was survey method, using primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained by distributing questionnaires and interviews directly to farmers as additional information, while secondary data obtained from inseminators related to the results of artificial insemination in the Deli Serdang District. The questionnaire used included questions about cattle characteristics such as pregnancy status, knowledge of breeders in detecting heat, body condition scores, number of cows, location distance and breeder profiles with 95 respondent breeders from three districts. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression tests. The results showed that as many as 5 variables were observed simultaneously only 65.3% affected the pregnancy rate while 34.7% were influenced by other factors. The conclusion of the study is that the factors that influence the success of artificial insemination in cattle in Deli Serdang Regency are the number of cows in the sub-districts studied.
The status of research on malnutrition among children under 5 years in Southern Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Shipanga Victoria , Kappas Martin , Wyss Daniel 
Published: December 2023

Malnutrition rates remain alarming with stunting declining too slowly while wasting still impacts the lives of many young children. Globally, 5.6 million children die before their fifth birthday annually, with 80% of these deaths occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. A total of 29 most relevant articles were included, which followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses for protocols (PRISMA-P). The literature search was conducted in multiple electronic databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Research Gate. A large proportion of the literature focused on determining factors associated with malnutrition. Similarities were found amongst various articles with findings highlighting household food insecurity as a major threat that leads to inadequate feeding practices and consequently resulting in undernutrition. This review assessed the state of knowledge on malnutrition in Southern Africa. The authors identified knowledge gaps that should be considered for future research. We did not come across any evaluation studies assessing food security interventions in response to malnutrition. Moreover, sanitation in relation to malnutrition is not broadly researched. We recommend future studies to apply a cross-sectional analytic design with mixed methods, combining survey data, geographical data, household and key informant interviews. There is a need to map the prevalence of malnutrition in children under five years and providing more knowledge on vulnerability and contexts that influence malnutrition including socio-economic, environmental and infrastructural conditions. We further recommend the use of GIS databases to generate information on spatio-temporal patterns of malnutrition.