bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A useful low temperature method for post‐embedding electron immunocytochemistry in routine histopathology
Authors: McPhail Graham D. , Finn Teresa , Isaacson Peter G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractUsing a low temperature resin, we have developed a reliable technique for post‐embedding electron immuno‐cytochemistry which is rapid enough to be used in a routine histopathology laboratory.Glutaraldehyde fixed human tissues were dehydrated and embedded at −25°C in a new acrylic resin called LR‐Gold. Using the immunogold technique, ultra‐thin sections of the tissues were labelled with monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratin, human milk fat globule and HLA‐D region antigen; and with polyclonal antisera to lysozyme, kappa and lambda light chains and immunoglobulin M. The resin was easy to section and the preservation of fine structure was excellent. Immunolabelling procedures gave clean and consistent results, and electron micrographs of examples of this are included. It was felt that the preservation of ultrastructure and antigenicity compared well with the results of other workers using low temperature resins such as Lowicryl K4M, but LR‐Gold was superior to Lowicryl K4M because sectioning was considerably easier and the sections were more stable in the electron beam.
The effect of cimetidine on parathyroid function and histopathology in primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Sotsiou F. C. , Singhellakis P. N. , Nikou A. D. , Pappas A. D. , Vambouka Ch. , Sklivagou N. G. , Ikkos D. G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that cimetidine given pre‐operatively in primary hyperparathyroidism (1°HPT) might cause structural changes in parathyroid glands, while its suppressive effects on the disease are disputable.To determine these possible changes we studied 38 patients with 1°HPT who underwent parathyroidectomy. In 14 of these (group I) cimetidine was given pre‐operatively (1000 mg orally daily for 4 weeks). The remaining 24 patients (group II) did not take any drug. Parathyroid function was estimated by nephrogenous cAMP (NcAMP) and serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) measurements. Histological examination of the parathyroids was made by conventional techniques.In group I at the end of cimetidine treatment, the only change observed was a small but significant (p<0·05) decrease of plasma calcium (−0·77 mg/dl). Histologically, the glands of group I—compared with those of group II—showed the following findings: (1) increased gland mass: mean increase 1050 mg (adenomas) and 700 mg (hyperplasias); (2) central oedema in all the cases of group I only; (3) increased (about 50 per cent) cellular size and (4) intranuclear ‘inclusions’ in 10 out of 14 cases of group I only.It is concluded that treatment with cimetidine in 1°HPT is followed by histopathologic alterations leading to increased size of the diseased parathyroids.
Prognostic significance of DNA aneuploidy and cell proliferation in rectal adenocarcinomas
Authors: Quirke Philip , Dixon Michael F. , Clayden Andrew D. , Durdey Paul , Dyson John E. D. , Williams Norman S. , Bird Colin C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDNA content and cell proliferation were studied retrospectively in 125 patients presenting from 1974–1981 with rectal adenocarcinoma. The presence of DNA aneuploidy or a high level of cell proliferation were associated with a poor prognosis and when combined were the best predictor of survival after Dukes's stage excluding all other pathological assessments investigated. High cell turnover was significantly associated with an infiltrative pattern of growth, an observation that might explain the poorer prognosis of this pattern in rectal adenocarcinomas.
Immunopathological studies on thyroid immunity. IX. Thyroid and renal amyloidosis in thyroglobulin immunized rabbits
Authors: Blumenthal H. T. , Premachandra B. N. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn serial studies of immunopathologic changes in an animal model of thyroiditis 52 rabbits were immunized with either bovine, porcine or human thyroglobulin (Tg) in Freund's complete adjuvant, while another 47 animals served as noninjected or adjuvant injected controls. The immunized animals were divided into two groups, one receiving an initial series of only three Tg injections while the other received, in addition, challenging injections over an 8‐week period. The immunized animals were killed over a period of 6–34 months after the last Tg injection, and untreated controls were killed at comparable ages. In Tg immunized animals, lymphocytic thyroiditis was encountered in 25 per cent and thyroid amyloid in 17 per cent; glomerular amyloid was encountered in 44 per cent with diffuse lesions in 8 per cent, nodular lesions in 17 per cent and a mixture of the two in 19 per cent. That the thyroid and glomerular hyaline deposits contained amyloid was shown by various histochemical criteria, as well as by the presence of typical fibrils on electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical studies indicated that the amyloid was predominantly of the AA type. Rabbits receiving challenging Tg injections, in addition to the initial series, showed only thyroiditis and nodular glomerular lesions most of which were amyloid. Whilst the vast majority of rabbits with lymphocytic or amyloidotic responses showed both thyroid and renal lesions, a small percentage of animals showed only a lesion of one or the other of these two organs. It is of interest that the thyroid and renal amyloid lesions, described for the first time with induced thyroglobulin immunity, were not detected in other earlier short term investigations.
Endotoxin induced hepatic necrosis in rats on an alcohol diet
Authors: Bhagwandeen Bramdutt S. , Apte Minoti , Manwarring Lynette , Dickeson John 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe role of endotoxin in the pathogenesis of progressive liver disease is receiving increasing attention, but remains controversial. Similarly, although alcoholic hepatitis is now recognized as the transitional link between alcoholic fatty liver and advanced alcoholic liver disease, the aetiology of liver cell necrosis in alcoholic hepatitis is not known.Rats fed a nutritionally adequate liquid alcohol diet according to the formula of Lieber and DeCarli developed fatty livers. Littermates fed an identical diet and challenged with small IV doses (1μg/g body weight) of E. coli lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (LPS) developed focal necrotizing hepatitis. Control littermates fed an identical calorie balanced but alcohol free diet and challenged with identical doses of LPS did not develop any liver lesions.The hepatocyte necrosis with associated inflammatory changes induced by LPS in fatty livers has some features of early human alcoholic hepatitis and suggests that progressive alcohol induced damage may be multifactorial in origin.
Demonstration of human papilloma virus types in paraffin processed tissue from human anogenital lesions by in‐situ DNA hybridisation
Authors: Wells Michael , Griffiths Sharon , Lewis Fraser , Bird Colin C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA sensitive in situ hybridization technique for the demonstration of human papillomavirus (HPV) employing a biotin‐streptavidin polyalkaline phosphatase complex has been successfully applied to formalin‐fixed, paraffin processed tissue obtained from a selected series of patients with ano‐genital lesions. Benign condylomata from males and females showed the presence of HPV 6 and 11. Two cases of vulval intraepithelial neoplasia showed HPV 16. Four cases of squamous carcinoma of the anal canal also showed HPV 16 in the tumour or in the adjacent pre‐invasive neoplastic epithelium. A case of malignant transformation in a cervical condyloma was associated with HPV 6 and 11. This technique permits the retrospective evaluation of routinely processed material thus widening the investigative spectrum for HPV.
Gastric dysplasia: A stereological and morphometrical assessment
Authors: Tosi Piero , Luzi P. , Baak J. P. A. , Miracco C. , Vindigni C. , Lio R. , Barbini P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe grading systems of gastric dysplasia suffer from the lack of criteria that separate the changes with an acceptable reproducibility. Repeatable and objective grading of the lesion can be obtained by morphometrically measuring histological criteria normally employed in qualitative grading.In 54 consecutive antrum biopsy specimens in which a blind, independent agreement on the grade of dysplasia had been reached between four independent pathologists, stereological and nuclear morphometrical features have been studied. Single variate, bivariate and multivariate analyses have been performed. Architectural parameters, such as volume and surface densities of glands and epithelium, are especially good discriminators both between mild and moderate, and between moderate and severe dysplasia. Features describing arrangement and shape of nuclei, and nucleolar size are of additional help in improving the objective distinction between moderate and severe dysplasia.
Response of mouse lung to crocidolite asbestos. 1. Minimal fibrotic reaction to short fibres
Authors: Adamson Ian Y. R. , Bowden Drummond H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTo determine the relationship between the development of pulmonary fibrosis and the size of deposited asbestos, we prepared a pure sample of short crocidolite fibres and instilled 0.5 mg of 0.1 mg to the lungs of mice. Animals were killed up to 20 weeks later with 3H thymidine injected 1 h before death. By bronchoalveolar lavage, there was a rapid transient increase in polymorph neutrophils (PMN) and in glucosaminidase levels; alveolar macrophage (AM) numbers were elevated in the 0.5 mg group for eight weeks. Most fibres were phagocytized by AM, many of which were heavily laden and cleared from the lung over the 20 week period. Some fibres were seen in type 1 epithelial cells, frequently associated with cell injury. From cell kinetic studies, a very brief proliferative response was seen in bronchiolar epithelial and Type 2 alveolar epithelial cells. A greater response was seen in interstitial fibroblasts which showed increased labelling up to two weeks after 0.5 mg asbestos. However no granulomas were seen and very little fibrosis was found by morphology or by biochemistry at any time after 0.5 mg; no fibrosis was seen after instilling 0.1 mg. The results show that a high dose of exclusively short asbestos fibres produces minimal lung injury and fibrosis in spite of long standing macrophage‐fibre interaction in the alveoli.
Response of mouse lung to crocidolite asbestos. 2. Pulmonary fibrosis after long fibres
Authors: Adamson Ian Y. R. , Bowden Drummond H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTo determine the cellular and fibrogenic responses of the lung to long asbestos fibres, mice were instilled intratracheally with 0.1 mg of a sample of long crocidolite fibres. Animals were killed at intervals to 20 weeks with 3H thymidine injected one h before death. Following bronchoalveolar lavage, an increase in polymorph neutrophils (PMN) and alveolar macrophages (AM) was found during the first week, accompanied by elevated glucosaminidase and alveolar protein levels. Although the PMN number dropped, some were always recovered by lavage to 20 weeks. Early multifocal necrosis of bronchiolar epithelium was followed by a large increase in labelling of epithelial cells and underlying fibroblasts. Epithelial overgrowth of luminal long fibres and inflammatory exudates was followed by giant cell and granuloma formation in the interstitium. After four weeks collagen levels were significantly increased and fibrosis was seen in these peribronchiolar locations. A few small fibres were observed in AM but no evidence of fibrosis was seen in alveolar walls. These findings suggest that injury to bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium allows long fibres to reach the interstitium where subsequent macrophage‐fibroblast interactions result in a severe fibrotic reaction that resembles the bronchiolar component of human asbestosis.
Epithelial‐cell architecture during involution of the human thymus
Authors: Henry L. , Anderson G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractOne hundred thymus glands were assessed histologically as to their degree of involution. Epithelial cells were demonstrated by an immunoperoxidase method using a monoclonal antibody against cytokeratin. The distribution of these cells was studied in the medulla, the cortico‐medullary junction, the cortical parenchyma and the subcapsular cortex. As involution proceeds, the loss of cells from the thymus is almost totally confined to the lymphoid‐cell elements. The architecture of the epithelial‐cell network remains largely intact although there is extensive collapse of the structure due to the loss of the intervening lymphocytes. Even when involution is apparently complete; sheets of epithelial cells can be demonstrated in the thymic remnant.
Pulmonary vascular disease in ventricular septal defect: Structural and functional correlations in lung biopsies from 85 patients, with outcome of intra‐cardiac repair
Authors: Haworth Sheila G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPulmonary vascular structure was analysed using morphometric techniques, and arterial wall abnormalities in lung biopsy specimens taken from 85 cases of ventricular septal defect, aged 3 weeks to 30 years were described. The defect was closed in 53 patients, 12 died at operation and 11 survivors were recatheterized. Structural examination revealed a characteristic pathological picture which appeared to precede classical grade IV pulmonary vascular disease. This predilatation phase was identified by finding pre‐acinar obstructive intimal proliferation or fibrosis, associated with only a slight increase in intra‐acinar arterial muscularity, in the absence of stigmata of grade IV disease in patients with a pulmonary resistance greater than 6 units m2. Predilatation features occurred in 62 per cent of patients who either died at repair or who had post‐operative pulmonary hypertension. These findings help identify a high risk group in whom resistance is higher than expected in the absence of classical grade IV changes. In addition, a marked increase in muscularity without intimal obstruction can also be associated with a pre‐operative resistance of more than 6 units m2. The presence of medial hypertrophy only does not ensure either survival or a normal postoperative pulmonary arterial pressure. Early intra‐cardiac repair is recommended before obstructive intimal fibrosis develops during the second year.
Pancreatic venous stasis and endotoxaemia as aetiologic factors in acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis
Authors: Shibayama Yuro 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to assess the possible significance of endotoxaemia and venous stasis of the pancreas in the pathogenesis of acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis. Complete obstruction of the venous drainage of the pancreas in rats induced acute haemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis. Partial venous obstruction caused only oedema and haemorrhage in the interstitium. Systemic endotoxaemia produced slight superficial pancreatic necrosis and fat necrosis, but not oedema or haemorrhage. The administration of endotoxin to the rats with partial obstruction of pancreatic venous outflow caused severe haemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis and a large number of fibrin thrombi in the capillaries and venules in and around the necrotic areas, although the severity of the lesions was less severe when compared with those induced by complete obstruction of pancreatic venous drainage. These findings suggest that acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis can be induced by the coexistence of endotoxaemia and partial venous obstruction of the pancreas. The mechanism may be that the endotoxin‐induced capillary and venous fibrin thrombi superimposed upon the venous stasis lead to obstruction of venous drainage of the pancreas severe enough to produce haemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis.
Intermediate filaments cytokeratin and vimentin in ovarian sex cord–stromal tumours with correlative studies in adult and fetal ovaries
Authors: Benjamin Elizabeth , Law Sharon , Bobrow Lynda G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe expression of the intermediate filaments cytokeratin and vimentin were studied immunohistochemically in a series of ovarian sex cord–stromal tumours (26 adult and juvenile granulosa cell tumours, 11 thecomas, six fibromas, three Sertoli‐Leydig cell tumours and 1 sex cord tumour with annular tubules). Contrary to previous reports, granulosa cell tumours expressed cytokeratins as well as vimentin. Thecomas and fibromas expressed vimentin only. In Sertoli‐Leydig cell tumours and the sex cord tumour with annular tubules, both cytokeratins and vimentin were detected. Correlative studies in adult ovaries showed that patterns of expression in non‐neoplastic granulosa, thecal and stromal cells correspond to their neoplastic counterparts. Investigation of fetal ovaries demonstrated that these patterns of intermediate filament expression exist from relatively early stages of development. Ovarian surface epithelium and rete ovarii, like granulosa cells, co‐expressed cytokeratin and vimentin. The demonstration of cytokeratins in granulosa cells and the reported presence of desmosomes and tonofilaments, suggests the epithelial nature of these cells although not clarifying their histogenesis. The presence of both these intermediate filaments in granulosa and Sertoli‐Leydig cell tumours as well as in some ovarian carcinomas which may mimic them, limits their value in differential diagnosis between these tumour groups.
Identification of cells of the human mononuclear phagocyte system with rat monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Aqel N. M. , Clark M. , Jones D. B. , Arno J. , Waldmann H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFive rat monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) to human macrophages are described: YTH 8.18, YTH 25.7, YTH 51.1, YTH 85.12.1, and YHB 65.5. These McAbs are divided into three groups, since YTH 8.18, YTH 51.1, and YHB 65.5 are thought to identify the same antigen.These McAbs react with some bone marrow blast cells, granulocytes, and different percentages of peripheral blood monocytes. When studied on different body tissues, they were found to identify all members of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), except Langerhans cells of skin and epithelium and in the case of one group (YTH 8.18/YTH 51.1/YHB 65.5) osteoclasts. In nine reactive lymph nodes the anti macrophage McAbs identified germinal centre macrophages sinus macrophages, and interdigitating cells, but not dendritic reticulum cells. They also identified epithelioid macrophages and Langhans‐type multi‐nucleated giant cells in lymph nodes involved in granulomatous lesions (sarcoidosis and toxoplasmosis). In 24 cases of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, the antimacrophage McAbs identified reactive macrophages in cases of B‐ or T‐lymphocyte origin, whereas in three selected cases of true histiocytic lymphoma all the McAbs were found to be reactive with the vast majority of neoplastic macrophages as they were with the cells of a neoplastic macrophage line (U937). The possible use of these McAbs in the identification of benign and malignant macrophages in different systems is discussed.
Proliferative index in breast carcinoma determined in situ by Ki67 immunostaining and its relationship to clinical and pathological variables
Authors: Barnard Nicola J. , Hall P. A. , Lemoine N. R. , Kadar N. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSixty cases of primary breast carcinoma have been studied using a monoclonal antibody, Ki67, which recognizes an antigen expressed by cells in G1, S, G2, and M phases of the cell cycle but not Go. A Ki67 score (positive cells/total tumour cells) was determined, and possible relationships between this index of cellular proliferation and a number of clinical and pathological parameters were investigated. There was a strong positive correlation between the Ki67 score and mitotic index (p < 0.001), a weak negative correlation with age (p < 0.02), and weak positive correlations with histological tumour grade (p < 0.03), tumour necrosis (p < 0.01), and cellular reaction (p < 0.01). No relationship was noted between the Ki67 score and tumour size, nodal status, tumour oestrogen receptor levels, or menopausal status. The Ki67 score may prove to be an objective indicator of biological behaviour and thus be of clinical significance, particularly since it is not strongly related to other clinical and pathological parameters used in predicting outcome in breast carcinoma.
Hepatocellular carcinoma: Expression of basement membrane glycoproteins. An immunohistochemical approach
Authors: Grigioni Walter F. , D'Errico Antonia , Mancini Antonio M. , Biagini Graziella , Gozzetti Giuseppe , Mazziotti Alighieri , Garbisa Spiridione 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe identification and characterization of collagenous and non‐collagenous glycoproteins have made it possible to use specific antibodies as tools for the topographical localization of the various connective tissue components, and thus to follow the progression of parenchymal–stromal interactions. This investigation is an approach to the study of in vivo relationships between basement membrane components (type IV collagen, laminin) and neoplastic cells of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ten cases of hepatic carcinomas were analysed and paraffin–embedded sections were immunostained with anti‐laminin and anti‐type IV collagen antibodies. The avidin–biotin–peroxidase complex technique was used. In well differentiated neoplasms with hepatic tumour cells organized in a trabecular pattern lined by sinusoid structures, type IV collagen was always detected at the sinusoidal level. Laminin was evident only in two cases with a prominent intraparenchymal vascular bed. In less differentiated neoplasms, sinusoids were almost absent and only large tumour vessels were positive for both laminin and type IV collagen. At the interface between tumour tissue and the surrounding stroma, some carcinomatous elements were surrounded by laminin and type IV collagen. Our data further support the hypothesis that basement membrane phenotypic expression may be influenced both by the degree of tumour differentiation and by the characteristics of the micro‐environment.
Electron microscopic identification of aberrant melanosomes using a combined DOPA/Warthin–Starry technique
Authors: Rennison Alexander , Duff Carol , McPhie James L 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA method combining the DOPA and Warthin–Starry techniques is described in order to positively establish the nature of pleomorphic granules observed in the cytoplasm of cells of putative amelanotic melanoma. The technique identifies these granules as aberrant melanosomes by discretely depositing electron dense silver on suitably prepared sections of DOPA‐treated tissue blocks.