bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Perceptions of Cancer Fatalism among African American Patients and Their Providers
Authors: Powe Barbara D , Daniels Elvan C , Finnie Ramona 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo describe perceptions of cancer fatalism and identify demographic correlates; to explore whether providers believe their patients are fatalistic about cancer and compare these views to the patients’ views.Data sourcesBoth patients (n= 52) and providers (n= 35) were recruited at federally funded, community primary care centers. Data were collected using the Powe Fatalism Inventory, the Perceived Patient Fatalism Inventory, and a demographic data questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and t‐test.ConclusionsThe majority of patients were African American women. The majority of providers were physicians and nurses. Patients indicated low perceptions of cancer fatalism, but providers believed patients were highly fatalistic. As the patients’ educational level increased, perceptions of cancer fatalism decreased.Implications for practiceThe providers’ belief that patients are fatalistic about cancer may influence patient–provider communication. They may be less likely to recommend screening, and patients may be less likely to initiate a discussion about cancer. Strategies are needed that target providers and their patients to address actual and/or perceived perceptions and their influence on cancer screening.
Asperger Syndrome in Children
Authors: Schnur Julie 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo review Asperger syndrome characteristics, assessment tools, interventions, outcomes, and the role of the nurse practitioner in diagnosing and caring for children with Asperger syndrome.Data sourcesReview of published literature on and diagnostic criteria of the condition.ConclusionsAsperger syndrome is a pervasive developmental disorder or an autism spectrum disorder that is thought to have an incidence higher than that of autism. Asperger syndrome is different from autism, with a lack of delayed language as the most distinct difference between Asperger syndrome and autism.Implications for practiceBecause of the importance of early diagnosis of Asperger syndrome for outcome improvement, screening at all well‐child visits from infancy on is of utmost importance to primary care pediatric nurse practitioners. With early diagnosis, timely intervention is possible, which is proven to show improvement in outcomes.
The Collaborative Healthcare Team: Tensive Issues Warranting Ongoing Consideration
Authors: Martin Donald R. , O'Brien Jill L. , Heyworth Judith A. , Meyer Nancy R. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo provide a qualitative assessment of those tensive issues that warrant ongoing consideration by physicians (MDs) and advanced practice nurses (APNs) currently working in professional pairings on an interdisciplinary healthcare team.Data sourcesVerbatim transcripts of semistructured interviews from five MDs and eight APNs. Questions related to what MDs and APNs should expect from others in the practice; what characteristics were valued in the colleagues with whom they were paired; and what improvements might enhance their association.ConclusionsTensive issues were identified in five categories including autonomy and interdependence, professional role expectations, flexible role enactment, proactive problem solving, and action learning.Implications for practiceBy understanding the tensive issues that could potentially influence the quality of collaboration, MDs and APNs can consider communication measures geared toward strengthening their partnerships.
An uncommonly serious case of an uncommon sport injury
Authors: Abedin A , Chen H-C 
Published: July 2005

Background:A 55 year old man sustained a severe ocular injury when hit by a cricket ball even though he was wearing a helmet.Methods:A suprachoroidal haemorrhage was drained and dense intravitreal blood was removed. An inferior buckle was applied with the use of intraocular gas. A macular haemorrhage resolved slowly.Results:Despite several surgical procedures over 1.5 years, the final visual acuity of the patient was only 6/60 because of a dense macular scar.Conclusions:Helmets worn as protection when playing cricket need to be designed better and be of better material. Eye protection should be worn at all levels of play.
Injuries in elite motorcycle racing in Japan
Authors: Tomida Y , Hirata H , Fukuda A , Tsujii M , Kato K , Fujisawa K , Uchida A 
Published: July 2005

Objectives:To investigate the incidence and pattern of injuries, relative risks, and factors affecting incidence among elite motorcycle competitors in Japan.Methods:A total of 117 elite motorcycle competitors including 36 road racers, 60 motocross racers, and 21 trial bike riders completed a questionnaire about injuries.Results:Sixty major injuries (25 in road racing, 32 in motocross, and three in trial bike riding) were reported. The most common injuries were fractures (45), followed by ligament injuries (8), dislocations (5), and soft tissue injuries (2). The overall injury rate was 22.4 per 1000 hours, and the death rate was zero. There was no significant correlation between risk of injury and age, experience, or accumulated competition points.Conclusions:Injury rates in competitions such as road racing and motocross are high, and therefore additional safety measures are needed to protect competitors from injury.
Accidental breaches of the doping regulations in sport: is there a need to improve the education of sportspeople?
Authors: Somerville S J , Lewis M 
Published: July 2005

Objectives:To identify educational needs of elite sportspeople with respect to the doping laws.Methods:A questionnaire survey of 196 Olympic level sportspeople from the fields of athletics, cycling, rowing, and sailing. The questionnaire addressed the date and source of the last doping educational update, the usefulness of current resources, sources of help, and possible ways of improving the system. The questionnaire also sought to estimate the use of nutritional supplements in these sports.Results:Seventy four (38%) athletes responded to the questionnaire. Over 90% of responders had received a doping educational update in the last six months, and most agreed with the statement “I have received the information I need to avoid getting into trouble with the doping laws”. Despite this, more than half of responders agreed with the statements “I should receive reminders more often” and “The authorities should do more to educate sportspeople”. In addition, there were four people who admitted taking a banned substance by accident. Forty one (55%) reported taking supplements. The team doctor was the most popular source if information on a substance or product was required, with 62% and 66% of subjects stating that they would contact their team doctor when based in the United Kingdom and abroad respectively. The UK Sports website was often suggested in relation to ways of improving knowledge.Conclusions:There is a need to alter the educational process, particularly with respect to contingency planning for minor illness. The use of internet based resources for up to date information about banned substances needs to be promoted, and access to the internet improved. The educational needs of team doctors with respect to the doping laws need to be assessed.
Effect of aerobic exercise training on mtDNA deletion in soleus muscle of trained and untrained Wistar rats
Authors: Jafari A , Hosseinpourfaizi M A , Houshmand M , Ravasi A A 
Published: July 2005

Background:According to the theory of mitochondrial aging, oxidative stress plays a major role in aging and age related degenerative diseases. Since oxygen consumption and reactive oxygen species rate increase during aerobic exercise, we hypothesised that heavy aerobic training could lead to enhanced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion in postmitotic tissues, leading in turn to premature aging and degenerative diseases.Methods:Sixty adult male 2 month old Wistar14848rats were divided into six equal groups. Two groups were trained for 3 months by running on a treadmill (5 days/week, incline 6°; group 1: 40 m/min, 20 min/day; group 2: 20 m/min, 40 min/day), while two sedentary groups participated in aerobic exercise only at the end of the study (incline 6°; group 3: 40 m/min; group 4: 20 m/min). To control for physical and physiological parameters, two groups of untrained animals were killed at the beginning (group 6) and end (group 5) of the study. Expand long PCR was used to investigate mtDNA deletion in soleus muscle and a sequencing method was used to confirm the mtDNA deletion break point.Results:Our results did not show any mtDNA deletion in untrained rats or in those that underwent moderate training (group 2) We only found mtDNA deletion (4.6 kb) in the soleus muscle of heavily trained rats (group 1).Conclusions:These results demonstrate that one session of aerobic exercise does not cause mtDNA deletion in skeletal muscle. The difference in results between heavy and moderate aerobic training may be due to low work rate or up-regulation of inducible antioxidant systems in moderate training.
Effect of incremental exercise on initiation and movement times in a choice response, whole body psychomotor task
Authors: McMorris T , Delves S , Sproule J , Lauder M , Hale B 
Published: July 2005

Objectives:To examine how exercise at moderate and maximal intensities affects performance on a choice response time, whole body psychomotor task.Methods:Subjects (n  =  12) were tested on a three-choice response time task, after rest and after exercise at 70% and 100% maximum power output (W˙max). The dependent variables were time to begin forward momentum (initiation time) and time to complete the movement (movement time). Stride time for the first and second strides and number of strides to cover first 1.1 m were also measured. Blood lactate concentrations and heart rate were recorded before and after completion of each psychomotor test. The subjects subjectively assessed the amount of effort that they used to complete the task.Results:Repeated measures analysis of variance showed a significant effect for initiation (F2,22 =  11.47, p<0.001) and movement times (F2,22 = 14.61, p<0.001). Post hoc least significant difference (LSD) tests showed that initiation time after exercise at 70% W˙maxwas significantly faster than that in the other two conditions. Speed of initiation after rest was significantly quicker than that after exercise at W˙max. For movement time, LSD tests showed that time after maximal exercise was significantly slower than that in the other two conditions. Stride time for the second stride showed a significant effect (F2,22 =  6.20, p<0.01). LSD tests found that time after exercise at W˙maxwas significantly slower in the other two conditions. Stepwise multiple regression analyses found that the increment of change, from rest, of lactate concentrations could significantly predict the increment of change in initiation (R2 =  0.40) and movement (R2 =  0.50) times.Conclusions:Exercise affects a whole body task differently from purely cognitive tasks. Central factors are probably more important than peripheral factors.
UEFA Champions League study: a prospective study of injuries in professional football during the 2001–2002 season
Authors: Waldén M , Hägglund M , Ekstrand J 
Published: July 2005

Background:No previous study on adult football involving several different countries has investigated the incidence and pattern of injuries at the highest club competitive level.Objective:To investigate the risk exposure, risk of injury, and injury pattern of footballers involved in UEFA Champions League and international matches during a full football season.Method:Eleven top clubs (266 players) in five European countries were followed prospectively throughout the season of 2001–2002. Time-lost injuries and individual exposure times were recorded during all club and national team training sessions and matches.Results:A total of 658 injuries were recorded. The mean (SD) injury incidence was 9.4 (3.2) injuries per 1000 hours (30.5 (11.0) injuries per 1000 match hours and 5.8 (2.1) injuries per 1000 training hours). The risk of match injury was significantly higher in the English and Dutch teams than in the teams from France, Italy, and Spain (41.8 (3.3)v24.0 (7.9) injuries per 1000 hours; p  =  0.008). Major injuries (absence >4 weeks) constituted 15% of all injuries, and the risk of major injury was also significantly higher among the English and Dutch teams (p  =  0.04). National team players had a higher match exposure, with a tendency towards a lower training injury incidence than the rest of the players (p  =  0.051). Thigh strain was the most common injury (16%), with posterior strains being significantly more common than anterior ones (67v36; p<0.0001).Conclusions:The risk of injury in European professional football is high. The most common injury is the thigh strain typically involving the hamstrings. The results suggest that regional differences may influence injury epidemiology and traumatology, but the factors involved are unclear. National team players have a higher match exposure, but no higher risk of injury than other top level players.
Open label study of intranasal sumatriptan (Imigran) for footballer’s headache
Authors: McCrory P , Heywood J , Ugoni A 
Published: July 2005

Objective:To study the efficacy and practicality of treating headache in professional footballers with intranasal sumatriptan.Methods:An open label drug trial was performed in elite Australian footballers using intranasal sumatriptan (20 mg) treatment for acute headache. The main outcome measures were treatment response at 30 minutes, two hours, and 24 hours using two criteria: (a) initial severity moderate or severe to nil or mild; (b) stricter criteria of initial severity moderate to severe to subsequent nil headache.Results:Thirty eight attacks were analysed. The two hour response showed that 86% of attacks of migraine with aura and all of the attacks of migraine without aura responded to treatment with sumatriptan nasal spray. Complete relief of headache at two hours was reported by 71% of players with migraine with aura and 90% of those without aura. Recurrence rates were generally low, with 0% of migraine headaches and 25% non-migraine attacks recurring at 24 hours. Minor side effects were reported in 28 attacks.Conclusions:This pilot open label trial suggests that sumatriptan nasal spray may be a valuable, effective, and convenient treatment of headache in professional sport. There are potential risks of this drug that need to be considered.
Effects of six weeks of detraining on retention of functional fitness of old people after nine weeks of multicomponent training
Authors: Toraman N F , Ayceman N 
Published: July 2005

Objectives:To examine the effects of age on functional fitness after six weeks of detraining.Methods:Elderly subjects, aged 60–86 years, completed a nine week multicomponent exercise training programme. They performed the senior fitness test every two weeks during the six week detraining period, and the responses of 12 young-old subjects (YO, aged 60–73 years) and nine older subjects (O, aged 74–86 years) were compared.Results:Functional fitness improved during the exercise training period. Performances in the chair stand and six minute walk for the O group had significantly declined compared with post-training values after two weeks of detraining (p<0.01), whereas there were no significant changes in the YO group. Scores on the functional fitness tests declined further between two and four weeks of detraining in both of the groups (p<0.01). In the YO group, there were significant losses in performance on the chair stand, chair sit and reach, and six minute walk tests, and in the O group on the chair stand and up and go tests after six weeks of detraining compared with after four weeks of detraining (p<0.01). The components of functional fitness most affected by detraining were lower extremity flexibility after two and four weeks of detraining, and agility/dynamic balance after six weeks of detraining.Conclusion:Changes in lower extremity flexibility, up and go, and six minute walk performances in response to six weeks of detraining are affected by age in elderly adults.
Surgical repair of complete proximal hamstring tendon ruptures in water skiers and bull riders: a report of four cases and review of the literature
Authors: Chakravarthy J , Ramisetty N , Pimpalnerkar A , Mohtadi N 
Published: July 2005

Objective:Hamstring strains are one of the most common muscle strains in athletes; however, complete rupture of the proximal hamstring origin is rare and results from significant trauma. The objective of this paper is to present our experience of management of complete ruptures where surgical repair resulted in good results in both acute and delayed cases.Methods:Two water skiers and two bull riders sustained complete rupture of the proximal origin of the hamstring muscles. All underwent repair of the hamstring origin and sciatic nerve neurolysis. A post operative hamstring rehabilitation programme was instituted. Regular follow up was performed at 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.Results:At a minimum final follow up of 12 months all patients had regained functional knee flexion strength with no pain and a near normal range of knee flexion. All four individuals were able to return to their previous line of work and three were able to return to their pre-injury level of sport.Conclusion:Complete rupture of the hamstring origin is a potentially devastating sports injury that has implications affecting the individual’s activities of daily living as well as potential as a sportsperson. Surgical repair restores the distorted anatomy, allows early functional rehabilitation, and avoids the potential debilitating neurological problem of gluteal sciatica.
Incidence of serious injury and death during sport and recreation activities in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Gabbe B J , Finch C F , Cameron P A , Williamson O D 
Published: July 2005

Background:Participation in sport and recreation is widely encouraged for general good health and the prevention of some non-communicable diseases. However, injury is a significant barrier to participation, and safety concerns are a factor in the decision to participate. An understanding of the sport/recreation activities associated with serious injury is useful for informing physical activity choices and for setting priorities for the targeting of injury prevention efforts.Objectives:To describe the epidemiology of serious injuries sustained in sport/recreation activities by adults in Victoria, Australia.Methods:The Victorian State Trauma Registry and the National Coroner’s Information Service were used to identify and describe sport/recreation related serious injuries, including deaths, occurring during the period July 2001 to June 2003. Age adjusted rates of serious injury and death were calculated using participation figures for each sport and general population data.Results:There were 150 cases of serious injury and 48 deaths. The rates of serious injury and death were 1.8 and 0.6 per 100 000 participants per year respectively. Motor, power boat, and equestrian sports had the highest rates of serious injury. Most deaths were due to drowning.Conclusion:Although the risk of serious injury through sport/recreation participation is low, motor, power boat, and equestrian sports should be priorities for further research into injury prevention. Most sport/recreation related deaths are due to drowning, highlighting this area for prevention efforts.
A six year prospective study of the incidence and causes of head and neck injuries in international football
Authors: Fuller C W , Junge A , Dvorak J 
Published: July 2005

Objective:To identify those risk factors that have the greatest impact on the incidence of head and neck injuries in international football.Method:A case–control study of players sustaining head and neck injuries during 20 FIFA tournaments (men and women) from 1998 to 2004. Video recordings of incidents were used to identify a range of parameters associated with the incidents. Team physicians provided medical reports describing the nature of each injury. χ2tests (p⩽0.01) and 95% confidence intervals were used to assess differences in distribution and incidence of injury, respectively.Results:In total, 248 head and neck injuries were recorded of which 163 were identified and analysed on video sequences. The commonest injuries were contusions (53%), lacerations (20%), and concussions (11%). The incidence of all head and neck injuries was 12.5/1000 player hours (men 12.8, women 11.5) and 3.7 for lost-time injuries (men 3.5, women 4.1). The commonest causes of injury involved aerial challenges (55%) and the use of the upper extremity (33%) or head (30%). The unfair use of the upper extremity was significantly more likely to cause an injury than any other player action. Only one injury (a neck muscle strain) occurred as a result of heading the ball throughout the 20 tournaments equivalent to 0.05 injuries/1000 player hours.Conclusions:Players’ actions most likely to cause a head or neck injury were the use of the upper extremity or the head but in the majority of cases these challenges were deemed to be fair and within the laws of the game.
Heading in football. Part 1: Development of biomechanical methods to investigate head response
Authors: Shewchenko N , Withnall C , Keown M , Gittens R , Dvorak J 
Published: July 2005

Objectives:There has been growing controversy regarding long term effects of repeated low severity head impacts such as when heading a football. However, there are few scientific data substantiating these concerns in terms of the biomechanical head response to impact. The present study aimed to develop a research methodology to investigate the biomechanical response of human subjects during intentional heading and identify strategies for reducing head impact severity.Methods:A controlled laboratory study was carried out with seven active football players, aged 20–23 and of average stature and weight. The subjects were fitted with photographic targets for kinematic analysis and instrumented to measure head linear/angular accelerations and neck muscle activity. Balls were delivered at two speeds (6 m/s and 8 m/s) as the subjects executed several specific forward heading manoeuvres in the standing position. Heading speeds up to 11 m/s were seen when the head closing speed was considered. One subject demonstrating averaged flexion–extension muscle activity phased with head acceleration data and upper torso kinematics was used to validate a biofidelic 50th percentile human model with a detailed head and neck. The model was exercised under ball incoming speeds of 6–7 m/s with parameter variations including torso/head alignment, neck muscle tensing, and follow through. The model output was subsequently compared with additional laboratory tests with football players (n = 3). Additional heading scenarios were investigated including follow through, non-active ball impact, and non-contact events. Subject and model head responses were evaluated with peak linear and rotational accelerations and maximum incremental head impact power.Results:Modelling of neck muscle tensing predicted lower head accelerations and higher neck loads whereas volunteer head acceleration reductions were not consistent. Modelling of head–torso alignment predicted a modest reduction in volunteer head accelerations. Exaggerated follow through while heading reduced volunteer head accelerations modestly.Conclusion:Biomechanical methods were developed to measure head impact response. Changing the biomechanics of currently accepted heading techniques will have inconsistent benefits towards the reduction of head loading. Furthermore, mathematical modelling suggested an increased risk of neck loads with one alternative technique. No consistent recommendations can be made on the basis of the current study for altering heading techniques to reduce impact severity.