bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Silent Film Criticism of Siegfried Kracauer
Authors: von Moltke Johannes 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Best-known in the English-speaking world as the author of two standard works of film theory, Siegfried Kracauer got his start reviewing countless films in the Frankfurter Zeitung during the 1920s. Across the arc of his career as a film critic through the coming of sound, Kracauer developed a clear set of themes and interests in the masses, media, and modernity. Reading his film reviews synoptically affords new insights into the film culture of the Weimar Republic as well as into the genesis of Kracauer’s later theories. Analyzing reviews of lost and forgotten popular fare as well as of films that the critic would deem paradigmatic of broader trends allows us to reassess generic developments and canon formation alike. Penned by an author who considered film criticism inseparable from social criticism, these reviews also provide insight into the politics of film and mass culture during Germany’s first experiment with democracy.
Organizational Metaphors of the Future
Authors: Örtenblad Anders 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter suggests a handful of types of studies within the area of organization studies in which metaphor and metaphors could play a central role: first, to construct a reflective overview of previously and presently used metaphors of organization; second, to construct sets of metaphors for organization for particular cultures, which would therefore make better sense to the cultural inhabitants than any existing set of metaphors; third, to create overviews of existing and/or alternative metaphors for certain aspects of organization, in terms of “metaphors we X by,” where X could stand for “recruit” or “work,” for example; fourth, to explore any metaphor for organization, or any aspect thereof, as a “root metaphor,” in which everything would be colored by the chosen metaphor; fifth, to consider how the use of metaphor could be reflected upon through the use of metaphors itself—that is, metaphors we metaphorize by, or “meta-metaphors.”
Gender Differences in Negotiations
Authors: Kugler Katharina G. , Reif Julia A. M. , Mazei Jens 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Would you consider initiating a negotiation with your boss about a salary increase after having successfully completed a large-scale project? Do you actually feel pressure to do so? On average, more men than women answer “yes” to both questions. Not only do men initiate more negotiations than women, they are also—again on average—more competitive and more successful in negotiations than women. Whereas women feel personal and social pressure to not negotiate (assertively) in order to avoid violating their female gender role, men may feel pressured to do exactly that in order to maintain their manhood. These gender differences in negotiations are viewed as one cause of politically charged phenomena like the “gender wage gap” or “labyrinth,” which reflects the myriad obstacles that women face throughout their careers. This chapter outlines theoretical foundations explaining gender differences in negotiations. In addition, it reviews empirical evidence for gender differences, focusing on recent meta-analyses that summarize the empirical studies available about that topic. Thereby, the chapter attends to the different phases of the negotiation process, including the initiation, the actual negotiation episode, the outcome, and the aftermath. Last but not least, the chapter highlights conditions under which gender differences are altered or even disappear. Such conditions point to starting points for organizational interventions to foster equal opportunities by reducing gender differences.
Public Opinion and Legitimacy
Authors: Smyth Russell 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the current state of the literature on public opinion and legitimacy of the courts. It begins by outlining the competing theoretical perspectives and giving an overview of the state of the empirical literature for different courts and countries. It then proceeds to examine the main data and methodological issues that have occupied the literature, outlines the main findings, and provides a discussion of the challenges facing the literature. A major theme that emerges is that the competing theoretical perspectives have produced conflicting results, leaving the literature in a state of flux on key issues such as the stability of legitimacy over time, the importance of policy disagreement, and the relationship between diffuse and specific support. The chapter concludes by mapping a potential path forward with a plea for researchers on both sides of the theoretical divide to iron out their methodological differences, including agreeing on an appropriate measure of legitimacy that can inform future research.
“Side by Side with the Profoundest Thinkers”
Authors: Bensick Carol M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers the significance of post-bellum city philosophical societies to women’s philosophical lecturing by exploring Amalie J. Hathaway’s lectures to the Chicago Philosophical Society on Kant, Hegel, automatism, and pessimism between 1875-1881. Hathaway took courses as a special student at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, which had just opened to women. Her knowledge of philosophy and of German earned her an invitation to lecture to the Chicago Society. She also lectured at the Concord Summer School of Philosophy. Her lecture, on Schopenhauer, at Concord was published in a new Boston journal titled Education: An International Magazine. This chapter reflects upon the American context of Hathaway’s choice to speak on Schopenhauer at Concord and on her approach to him given his contemporary academic reception. It also considers where Hathaway’s career might have gone had she not died, at the age of forty-one, four months after her Concord appearance.
Abolitionism, Antiracism, Feminism, and Rights by Analogy: From Mary Wollstonecraft to Anna Julia Cooper
Authors: Deutscher Penelope 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Analogies are sometimes assumed to be an inconsequential element of philosophical argumentation: mere ornament or figure of speech. But this is to undercalculate their historical importance within many domains, such as feminist rights vindications formulated by nineteenth-century and late eighteenth-century political and philosophical thinkers. In this context, the use of analogies is not trivial, but organized significant (albeit problematic) aspects of these systems of thought. The chapter opens with a critical review of the role within white abolitionist feminisms of figurative references to slavery, their implicit philosophical commitments, and their critical evaluation, particularly by Black feminist traditions of thought. The chapter gives attention to the connected role of analogization and capacity-based arguments within rights vindications. Figures discussed include Mary Wollstonecraft, the Grimké sisters, Maria Stewart, Harriet Taylor Mill, Lydia Maria Child, Margaret Fuller, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Anna Julia Cooper. The chapter argues that by differentiating their use of analogies, including their role and their range, we can better recognize an additional collective critical dialogue concerning both the content and the means of argumentation in which late eighteenth-century and nineteenth-century women philosophers contributed, innovated, and debated—even where they did not address each other directly.
Twelver Shi‘a in Turkey
Authors: Williamson Fa Stefan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Despite their historical and sizable presence in parts of the country, Twelver Shi‘a Muslims, or Caferis, are practically absent from the scholarly literature on religion in Turkey. As a predominantly Turkish-speaking Muslim community, albeit a denominational minority, Shi‘a are not officially recognized by the Turkish state. They have therefore faced barriers to the construction and management of their own mosques and public expressions of religious difference. This chapter provides an overview of Twelver Shi‘a in Turkey over the last century, tracing the ways the community has navigated its position in the Turkish public sphere vis-à-vis the state and other religious groups. It also provides insight into Shi‘i piety and religious life by ethnographically highlighting sensory-aesthetics forms and practices of devotion to the Family of the Prophet (Ehl-i Beyt), a distinguishing feature of Twelver Shi‘i religiosity.
Rethinking Transitional Justice with the Insights of Political Sociology
Authors: Rowen Jamie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter tackles the rethinking of transitional justice with the insights of political sociologyto deepen understanding of the processes of social change occurring outside established political structures. In Colombia, similar to other countries that have decided to create truth commissions or tribunals under the banner of transitional justice, most of the push for a transitional justice intervention was locally. Thus, domestic actors were critical in ensuring the government did not ignore their calls for truth, justice, and reparation. The chapter argues that an actor-focused approach in studying transitional justice in Colombia reveals the vertical and horizontal dimensions of political power.
Performance Matters in Transitional Times
Authors: Cole Catherine M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter highlights the importance of performance in legal performance and transitional justice. According to Alexander Laban Hinton, transitional justice forms as assemblages of discourses, institutions, capital flows, technologies, practices and people devoted to providing redress for mass human rights violations and enabling a transformation of a society from its violent past to a better future. Thus, time-based activities that involve bodies assembled in specific spaces and times are central to any consideration of performance in transitional times. The chapter references the Korean survivors of military sexual slavery to demonstrate how performance can serve as a corrective to the failings of the state transitional justice processes. It elaborates on the benefits and limitations of performance as it can either be an asset or undermine human rights.
Transitional Justice in African Contexts through the Institutionalization of Emotional Affects
Authors: Clarke Kamari Maxine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores transitional justice in African contexts through the institutionalization of emotional affects. Over time, the development of the rule of law has led to an increased demand for global justice involving the expansion of judicial institutions. The term transitional justice correlates to a constellation of legalistic modalities ranging from criminal trials to amnesties. The chapter elaborates on the key concepts concerning the African Transitional Justice framework, which focuses on African governance concerned over injustice and inequality in the global order and the use of Pan-Africanist emotional affects. It considers how consistent patterns of controversy and conflict within justice narratives forced the re-examination of the making of international justice frameworks.
Cambodia
Authors: McCarthy Stephen , Un Kheang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cambodia’s constitution reflects the efforts of Western governments, international organizations, and negotiators to reach a lasting solution to decades of civil war and foreign occupation. Although it was drafted along the lines of Western liberal democratic principles and the rule of law, the government’s adherence to the constitution has been problematic due to the country severely lacking in legal capacity, experience with democratic governance, and conception of substantive rule of law principles. Constitutional amendments have been undertaken with the aims of resolving conflicts among elites and supporting the ruling Cambodian People’s Party. While Cambodian leaders argue that concepts like rule of law should be defined in ways that reflect the country’s cultural values and level of development, legal development has been challenged by decades of social, political, and economic turmoil, patronage-based politics, and an increasingly dominant executive power as liberalizing foreign influences on the legal system have dwindled.
The Catholic Church and the Irish State, 1916–1973
Authors: Corráin Daithí Ó 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Three broad phases can be discerned in the Catholic Church’s relations with the state. During the Irish Revolution (1916–21), it faced the conundrum of obeying the legally constituted government while supporting nationalist political aspirations to supplant the imperial state. In independent Ireland, the church played a significant role in the state-building project. In return, its predominance in education, health, and welfare remained undisturbed until the 1960s. A combination of domestic socio-economic transformation and the impact of the Second Vatican Council altered the context of church-state relations from the mid 1960s and led to the dismantling of legislative and constitutional support for a Catholic ethos. One manifestation of this was the symbolic removal of the special position accorded to the Catholic Church in the constitution in 1972. Another was the acknowledgement by the hierarchy in 1973, for the first time, that the state should not be the guardian of private morality.
Sectarianism and Conflict
Authors: Morrow Duncan , Ganiel Gladys 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyses the structure and legacy of sectarianism on the island, especially in Northern Ireland after partition. It is situated within wider conceptual discussions of sectarianism, which push definitions beyond prejudiced attitudes towards understanding it as an all-encompassing system that structures society, politics, and economics. It also considers the role of the churches in contributing to and addressing sectarianism. While it could be argued that churches served as ‘chaplains to the tribe’ in some instances, others within the churches developed sophisticated analyses of sectarianism and advocated for reconciliation. Early in the twenty-first century, inter-church relationships are at a historic high and some aspects of Northern Ireland’s sectarian structures have been transformed. But sectarianism persists, threatening the island’s fragile peace.
The Adaptive Landscape of Human Migration
Authors: Bell Adrian V. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
One of the central problems addressed by cultural evolution is understanding how individuals or groups successfully adapt to socio-ecological variation. The earliest models asked what types of learning would be expected if environments shifted or when encountering new environments. These efforts predicted timely use of both imitation and individual learning, a mixed learning strategy with its general disposition dependent on the rate of environmental change. Today more individuals encounter ever-more diverse environments and changing climates at highly variable rates. As these and more recent models suggest, individuals may use a variety of learning mechanisms to acquire beneficial behaviours, though not entirely free of errors. While today’s situation presents a sense of urgency, confronting environmental variation is a problem encountered throughout the history of Homo sapiens. In fact, it is possible that any cultural species has been shaped by the migration process because being adept movers would require mixed learning strategies and cultural norms that respond to the details of movement. The author explores this possibility by reviewing the general products of the migration process and what cultural evolutionary mechanisms may be at play.
Functional Recovery of Adults Following Acute COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Middleton Sophie , Chalitsios Christos V , Mungale Tanvi , Hassanein Zeinab M , Jenkins Alex R , Bolton Charlotte E , McKeever Tricia M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the objective, functional recovery of patients more than 3 months after acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.

Methods
Comprehensive database searches of EMBASE, PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, CINAHL, and Google Scholar in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement were carried out until October 19, 2022. Data were extracted and agreed in duplicate. Data were narratively synthesized, and a series of meta-analyses were performed using the random-effects inverse variance method.

Results
One-hundred six papers covering 20,063 patients, who were either hospitalized or not hospitalized with acute COVID-19 and were followed-up between 3 and 24 months, were included. Percentage predicted 6-minute walk distance at 3 months to &lt;5 months was 84.3% (95% CI = 79.2–89.3; n = 21; I2 = 98.3%) and 92.5% (95% CI = 89.8–95.3; n = 9; I2 = 94.5%) at ≥11 months. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing revealed the percentage predicted peak oxygen consumption rate ($peak\dot{\mathsf{V}}{\mathsf{o}}_{\mathsf{2}}$) at 3 months to &lt;5 months was 77.3% (95% CI = 71.0–83.7; n = 6; I2 = 92.3%) and 95.4% (95% CI = 87.1–103.6; n = 2; I2 = 77.3%) at ≥11 months. Mean handgrip strength was greatest at ≥11 months at 31.16 kg (95% CI = 19.89–42.43; n = 2; I2 = 98.3%) of all time points. All analyses showed marked heterogeneity.

Conclusion
Patients have reduced physical function more than 3 months after COVID-19 infection. Better physical function in multiple physical domains is found after a longer recovery time.

Impact
Physical function as measured by the 6-minute walk test, hand grip strength, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing is reduced at 3 months after COVID-19 infection and can remain over 11 months of follow-up. This protracted recovery following acute COVID-19 infection supports the need to assess physical function at any clinical follow-up, and further research into rehabilitation programs and intervention for patients who have not recovered.
A practical guide to the trauma-informed physical examination
Authors: Soran Diana 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
About two-thirds of patients have a trauma history, such as experiencing abuse or community violence. Clinicians must be knowledgeable about trauma because of its high prevalence and long-lasting effect on patients. The medical encounter can be triggering for patients with a history of trauma, especially when power differentials are intensified, such as during the physical examination. Clinicians can improve the interaction by incorporating simple trauma-informed techniques, such as adjusting communication, positioning, and contact during the physical examination. These modifications foster a sense of patient safety and collaborative decision-making. This article describes the background of trauma-informed care and outlines trauma-informed techniques for physical examinations.
Original Research: Nurses' Attitudes Toward Brain Drain and the Associated Factors
Authors: Ulupinar Sevim , Şen Yağmur , Eycan Özgül 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Brain drain refers to the emigration of scientists and other educated professionals from a low- or middle-income country to a high-income country for work. In recent years, this trend has increased, particularly in the health care arena. Prior studies among nurses and nursing students indicate that migration mainly occurs from low- and lower middle-income countries to high-income countries. This study aimed to explore the attitudes of Turkish nurses, nurse academics, and nursing students toward brain drain and the factors associated with these attitudes.

Methods:
The study used a mixed-methods research design. The quantitative part of the study was conducted with 1,018 participants. The qualitative part was conducted with 26 participants from the larger sample who volunteered for focus group interviews. Data were collected from June through August 2022 using an online survey, the Attitude Scale for Brain Drain, and a semistructured interview guide.

Results:
Of all participants, 84.3% indicated that they wanted to work and live abroad. Nearly 95% stated that there was a risk of brain drain in the nursing profession, with economic factors given as the most significant reason. As age and years of professional experience increased, brain drain tendency decreased. Nurses and nursing students had higher brain drain tendencies than nurse academics. In focus group interviews, participants reported concern that the brain drain might lead to losses in the qualified nursing workforce and increase the workload for the remaining nurses in the migrant-sending country, while cultural adaptation issues can be difficult for nurses in the migrant-receiving country.

Conclusions:
Brain drain in the nursing profession continues to be a current, crucial problem. This study showed that among Turkish nurses, nursing students, and nurse academics, the desire to work abroad was quite high, and all three groups had high brain drain tendency scores. Brain drain has serious consequences for both migrant-receiving and migrant-sending countries. These findings can help inform the development of initiatives aimed at preventing or mitigating nursing brain drain.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Alternating Pressure Overlay in Patients Undergoing Cardiothoracic Surgery
Authors: White Kristen , Fonseca Maria Alcina , Petzoldt Olivia , Cooper Lise 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Local problem:
In 2019 and the first half of 2020, our facility experienced an increase in the number and severity of hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs) among our cardiothoracic surgery population. Fifty percent of these HAPIs occurred within 72 hours of surgery. A review of the literature revealed that alternating pressure overlays (APOs) have been successfully used to prevent HAPIs in surgical patients.

Purpose:
The primary purpose of our quality improvement (QI) project was to measure perioperative HAPI rates in cardiothoracic surgery patients after the addition of APOs to our HAPI prevention protocol. Our secondary purpose was to identify common factors among those patients who developed HAPIs.

Methods:
This QI project collected both pre- and postintervention data and compared the findings. A nurse-led team was responsible for measuring HAPI rates during the intervention—from July through October 2020—which involved placing an APO under cardiothoracic surgery patients during the 72-hour perioperative period. APOs were placed on all operating room (OR) tables and remained with the patients following surgery. Bed linens and skin care products were standardized for consistency. Lifts were used to reduce friction during repositioning.

Results:
During preintervention data collection, we identified 10 patients who developed HAPIs (seven out of 1,174 cardiothoracic surgery patients in 2019, for a HAPI rate of 0.6%, and three out of 333 patients in the first half of 2020, for a HAPI rate of 0.9%). During the four-month intervention period, in which APOs were used in 331 patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery, no HAPIs developed.

Conclusion:
Use of an APO in cardiothoracic ORs and critical care units may help reduce HAPI rates.
Impact of staffing shortage on patient safety sitters
Authors: Thomas Anna L. , Giuffrida Patricia , Giannini Robert C. , Graham Kelly C. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Patient safety sitters play a crucial role in observing patients at risk for self-harm or harm to others. This article explores the impact of staffing shortages on patient safety sitters, discussing a review of 163 patient safety events. The findings underscore the need for adequate staffing levels and propose solutions, including alternative measures like tele-sitters and increased family involvement, to mitigate the challenges posed by these shortages and improve overall patient safety and care quality.