bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The perils of producing revolutionary moderation: entertainment, style, and the ‘Islamic Che’ in Iran
Authors: Bajoghli Narges 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhat makes revolutionary media ‘moderate’, and why would a revolutionary state produce moderation? Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with pro‐regime media producers in Iran, this article examines the attempted creation of a new revolutionary hero, an ‘Islamic Che’, who appeals to younger audiences by creating a moderate style. Iran's regime media makers seek to attract not just youth who protest against the Islamic Republic, but their own children: those they imagined would be their automatic base of support. How do revolutionary states cultivate a base among a new generation willing to defend the existing political structure? This article examines how state media makers imagine ‘moderate style’ as that which can both stay true to the founding principles and be entertaining enough for younger generations. Beyond the example of post‐revolutionary Iran, this article also allows us to think more about the predicament of all states: namely how do they attempt to attract the attention of citizens in a world inundated with easy‐to‐access digital content?
Zainab's traffic: spatial lives of an Islamic ritual across Southwest Asia
Authors: Yıldız Emrah 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSince the 1979 Revolution, Iranian pilgrims have engaged in saint visitation (ziyarat) to sites in Syria. By travelling via Turkey on buses, and venerating Sayyida Zainab at their destination, these pilgrims disrupt conventional conceptions of not only Islamic ritual, but also Iranian mobility under sanctions. Their experiences venerating Sayyida Zainab – emerging out of a self‐described ‘poverty of mobility’ – demonstrate the utility of a more expansive conceptualization of ritual in anthropology. Instead of taking ritual for a scripturally canonized ‘manual for’ pious self‐cultivation, here I approachziyaratas a traffic of pilgrims, goods, and ideas across Iran, Turkey, and Syria. This approach produces a dynamic and spatial conception ofziyaratas a ritual of mobility. Ethnographic attention to these pilgrims’ politically conditioned and regionally networked spatial practices reveals that their movements are irreducible to ethical projects of cultivating piety alone. What is at stake in Iranian pilgrims’ movements is nothing short of the extra‐religious conditions of religion – those of the economy and the polity. These stakes illuminate how religious practices interarticulate with political and social institutions – including bazaars, borders, and shrines – that remain understudied in recent anthropological scholarship on Islamic piety.
‘I will never forgive him’: blame, precarious kinship, and illness in low‐income urban India
Authors: Branagan Lesley 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article examines the constitutive role of blame in kinship as a practice in a low‐income neighbourhood in India's capital city, Delhi. Using ethnographic data, I show how women with serious or chronic illness express blame towards kin for their failures in critical moments: for not providing care during illness, not fulfilling kinship obligations, and even for causing or exacerbating illness. As relationships rupture to reveal the underlying precariousness of kinship, women use blaming statements, accusations, and critique to leverage toeholds of power and take matters into their hands against their families’ wishes. Yet even as women forge a degree of agency through blaming practices, I show that these practices can lead, paradoxically, to the repair and reconstitution of kinship. This article builds upon existing scholarship that addresses both the failure of kinship as a system of mutual support and the work of kinship repair in similar marginal contexts in north India characterized by neglect, which render women vulnerable to negative effects. My focus on blaming acts offers a new angle on this intimate terrain, illustrating how women enact the social practice of blame to reshape the dynamics and terms of kinship relations, rather than reconciling themselves to kinship failings.
Exploring attitudes towards health preparedness in the Middle East and North Africa against chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats: A qualitative study
Authors: Farhat Hassan , Alinier Guillaume , Helou Mariana , Galatas Ioannis , Josse Denis , Campbell Craig , Olim Nelson , Handan Dökmeci Ayşe , Heriza Mohammed , Chebbi Henda , El‐Aifa Kawther , Jaafar Amira , Souissi Sami , Amor Asma Ben , Castle Nicholas , Al‐Shaikh Loua , Abougalala Walid , Dhiab Mohamed Ben , Laughton James 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSince 1970, Middle East and North African (MENA) countries have witnessed evolutionary industrial development and long‐running terrorist and inter‐country conflicts. Additionally, the risk of accidental, deliberate or natural chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) threats has also increased, requiring a collaborative review of the health sectors’ preparedness for potential CBRN risks within the region. This study aimed to explore the opinion of multidisciplinary experts interested in disaster management research in MENA about perspectives and challenges on readiness for potential CBRN incidents.A modified interview online link was sent to the participants. A qualitative thematic analysis was performed on the responses using Nvivo®12 software, following semi‐structured modified interviews using the Phonic® application.A total of 29 participants were sufficient to reach the data saturation. Through an inductive coding approach, five themes were identified: ‘CBRN‐Related Incidents are a Threat’, ‘Inadequate National Practice and Policy’, ‘Need for International Cooperation’, ‘Importance of Better Mass Gathering Management’, and ‘Ineffective Hospital Preparedness’.With the assistance of the World Health Organization, there is a consensus on the need for cooperation between the MENA countries to ensure adequate healthcare preparedness for CBRN threats. Suggested measures should be considered, such as creating a unified database and liaison officer designation.
Heat stress and adverse pregnancy outcome: Prospective cohort study
Authors: Rekha Shanmugam , Nalini Sirala Jagadeesh , Bhuvana Srinivasan , Kanmani Sellappa , Hirst Jane Elizabeth , Venugopal Vidhya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the relationship between occupational heat exposure, physiological heat strain indicators and adverse outcomes in pregnant women.DesignProspective cohort.SettingWorkplaces in Tamil Nadu, India.SampleA cohort of 800 pregnant women engaged in moderate to heavy physical work in 2017–2019 and 2021–2022.MethodsParticipants were recruited at between 8 and 14 weeks of gestation. Occupational heat exposure and heat strain indicators were captured each trimester. ‘Heat exposed’ was defined as heat stress exceeding the threshold limit value (TLV) for safe manual work (with maximum wet‐bulb globe temperatures of 27.5°C for a heavy workload and 28.0°C for a moderate workload). Physiological heat strain indicators (HSIs) such as core body temperature (CBT) and urine specific gravity (USG) were measured before and after each shift. Heat‐related health symptoms were captured using the modified HOTHAPS questionnaire.Main outcome measuresThe main outcome measures included (1) a composite measure of any adverse pregnancy outcome (APO) during pregnancy (including miscarriage, preterm birth, low birthweight, stillbirth, intrauterine growth restriction and birth defects), (2) a composite measure of adverse outcomes at birth (3) and miscarriage.ResultsOf the 800 participants, 47.3% had high occupational heat exposure. A rise in CBT was recorded in 17.4% of exposed workers, and 29.6% of workers experienced moderate dehydration (USG ≥ 1.020). Heat‐exposed women had a doubled risk of miscarriage (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 1.0–5.7). High occupational heat exposure was associated with an increased risk of any adverse pregnancy and foetal outcome (aOR 2.3; 95% CI 1.4–3.8) and adverse outcome at birth (aOR 2.0; 95% CI 1.2–3.3).ConclusionsHigh occupational heat exposure is associated with HSIs and adverse pregnancy outcomes in India.
Pollution and endometriosis: A deep dive into the environmental impacts on women's health
Authors: Vallée Alexandre , Ceccaldi Pierre‐François , Carbonnel Marie , Feki Anis , Ayoubi Jean‐Marc 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe interaction between pollution and endometriosis is a pressing issue that demands immediate attention. The impact of pollution, particularly air and water pollution, or occupational hazards, on hormonal disruption and the initiation of endometriosis remains a major issue.ObjectivesThis narrative review aims to delve into the intricate connection between pollution and endometriosis, shedding light on how environmental factors contribute to the onset and severity of this disease and, thus, the possible public health policy implications.DiscussionEndocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in pollutants dysregulate the hormonal balance, contributing to the progression of this major gynaecological disorder. Air pollution, specifically PM2.5 and PAHs, has been associated with an increased risk of endometriosis by enhancing chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and hormonal imbalances. Chemical contaminants in water and work exposures, including heavy metals, dioxins, and PCBs, disrupt the hormonal regulation and potentially contribute to endometriosis. Mitigating the environmental impact of pollution is required to safeguard women’s reproductive health. This requires a comprehensive approach involving stringent environmental regulations, sustainable practices, responsible waste management, research and innovation, public awareness, and collaboration among stakeholders.ConclusionPublic health policies have a major role in addressing the interaction between pollution and endometriosis in a long‐term commitment.
Legal situation and consumer acceptance of insects being eaten as human food in different nations across the world–A comprehensive review
Authors: Siddiqui Shahida Anusha , Tettey Elizabeth , Yunusa Bello Mohammed , Ngah Norhayati , Debrah Shadrack Kwaku , Yang Xi , Fernando Ito , Povetkin Sergey Nikolaevich , Shah Mohd Asif 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInsect consumption is a traditional practice in many countries. Currently, the urgent need for ensuring food sustainability and the high pressure from degrading environment are urging food scientists to rethink the possibility of introducing edible insects as a promising food type. However, due to the lack of the standardized legislative rules and the adequate scientific data that demonstrate the safety of edible insects, many countries still consider it a grey area to introduce edible insects into food supply chains. In this review, we comprehensively reviewed the legal situation, consumer willingness, acceptance, and the knowledge on edible insect harvesting, processing as well as their safety concerns. We found that, despite the great advantage of introducing edible insects in food supply chains, the legal situation and consumer acceptance for edible insects are still unsatisfactory and vary considerably in different countries, which mostly depend on geographical locations and cultural backgrounds involving psychological, social, religious, and anthropological factors. Besides, the safety concern of edible insect consumption is still a major issue hurdling the promotion of edible insects, which is particularly concerning for countries with no practice in consuming insects. Fortunately, the situation is improving. So far, some commercial insect products like energy bars, burgers, and snack foods have emerged in the market. Furthermore, the European Union has also recently issued a specific item for regulating new foods, which is believed to establish an authorized procedure to promote insect‐based foods and should be an important step for marketizing edible insects in the near future.
Microbial inoculants with higher capacity to colonize soils improved wheat drought tolerance
Authors: Li Jiayu , Wang Juntao , Liu Hongwei , Macdonald Catriona A. , Singh Brajesh K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMicrobial inoculants have gained increasing attention worldwide as an eco‐friendly solution for improving agriculture productivity. Several studies have demonstrated their potential benefits, such as enhanced resistance to drought, salinity, and pathogens. However, the beneficial impacts of inoculants remain inconsistent. This variability is attributed to limited knowledge of the mechanisms by which microbial inoculants affect crop growth and a lack of ecological characteristics of these inoculants that limit our ability to predict their beneficial effects. The first important step is believed to be the evaluation of the inoculant's ability to colonize new habitats (soils and plant roots), which could provide crops with beneficial functions and improve the consistency and efficiency of the inoculants. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of three microbial inoculants (two bacterial: P1 and P2, and one fungal: P3) on the growth and stress responses of three wheat varieties in two different soil types under drought conditions. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of microbial inoculants on soil microbial communities. Plant biomass and traits were measured, and high‐throughput sequencing was used to characterize bulk and rhizosphere soil microbiomes after exposure to drought stress. Under drought conditions, plant shoot weight significantly increased (11.37%) under P1 treatments compared to uninoculated controls. In addition, total nitrogen enzyme activity increased significantly under P1 in sandy soil but not in clay soil. Importantly, network analyses revealed that P1, consisting of Bacillus paralicheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, emerged as the keystone taxa in sandy soil. Conversely, P2 and P3 failed to establish as keystone taxa, which may explain their insignificant impact on wheat performance under drought conditions. In conclusion, our study emphasizes the importance of effective colonization by microbial inoculants in promoting crop growth under drought conditions. Our findings support the development of microbial inoculants that robustly colonize plant roots for improved agricultural productivity.
The “telomereless” erythrocytes and telomere‐length dependent erythropoiesis
Authors: Aviv Abraham 
Published: October 2023

AbstractApproximately 25 trillion erythrocytes (red blood cells) circulate in the bloodstream of an adult human, surpassing the number of circulating leukocytes (white blood cells) by a factor of about 1000. Moreover, the erythrocyte turnover rate accounts for approximately 76% of the turnover rate of all circulating blood cells. This simple math shows that the hematopoietic system principally spends its telomere length‐dependent replicative capacity on building and maintaining the erythrocyte blood pool. Erythropoiesis (red blood cell production) is thus the principal cause of telomere shortening with age in hematopoietic cells (HCs), a conclusion that holds significant implications for linking telomere length dynamics in HCs to health and lifespan of modern humans.
Trends and projection in the proportion of (heavy) cannabis use in Germany from 1995 to 2021
Authors: Olderbak Sally , Möckl Justin , Manthey Jakob , Lee Sara , Rehm Jürgen , Hoch Eva , Kraus Ludwig 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsTo measure the current trends of cannabis use in Germany, measure trends in the proportion of heavy cannabis users and estimate future cannabis use rates.DesignRepeated waves of the Epidemiological Survey on Substance Abuse, a cross‐sectional survey conducted between 1995 and 2021 with a two‐stage participant selection strategy where respondents completed a survey on substance use delivered through the post, over the telephone or on‐line.SettingGermany.Participants/casesGerman‐speaking participants aged between 18 and 59 years living in Germany who self‐reported on their cannabis use in the past 12 months (n = 78 678). With the application of a weighting scheme, the data are nationally representative.MeasurementsQuestions on the frequency of cannabis use in the past 12 months and self‐reported changes in frequency of use due to the COVID‐19 pandemic.FindingsThe prevalence of past 12‐month cannabis users increased from 4.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.7, 5.1] in 1995 to 10.0% (95% CI = 8.9, 11.3) in 2021. Modeling these trends revealed a significant increase that accelerated over the past decade. The proportion of heavy cannabis users [cannabis use (almost) daily or at least 200 times per year] among past‐year users has remained steady from 1995 (11.4%, 95% CI = 7.7, 16.5) to 2018 (9.5%, 95% CI = 7.6, 11.9), but significantly increased to 15.7% (95% CI = 13.1, 18.8) in 2021 during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Extrapolating from these models, the prevalence of 12‐month cannabis users in 2024 is expected to range between 10.4 and 15.0%, while the proportion of heavy cannabis users is unclear.ConclusionsTrends from 1995 to 2021 suggest that the prevalence of past 12‐month cannabis users in Germany will continue to increase, with expected rates between 10.4 and 15.0% for the German‐speaking adult population, and that at least one in 10 cannabis users will continue to use cannabis heavily (almost daily or 200 + times in the past year).
Opioid‐related ambulance attendances during the first 2 years of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Victoria, Australia
Authors: McGrath Michael , Stare Mark , Chua Phyllis , Ogeil Rowan , Nehme Ziad , Scott Debbie , Lubman Dan I. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsPublic health measures introduced to contain the spread of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus likely affected opioid supply and demand, as well as the patterns and contexts of opioid use. We measured opioid‐related harms during the first 2 years of COVID‐19 restrictions in Victoria, Australia.DesignWe adopted an interrupted time series analysis design using interventional autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. Opioid‐related ambulance attendance data between January 2015 and March 2022 were extracted from the National Ambulance Surveillance System.SettingVictoria, Australia.ParticipantsPatients (≥15 years) attended to by an ambulance for opioid‐related harms.MeasurementsMonthly opioid‐related ambulance attendances for three drug types: heroin, prescription opioids and opioid agonist therapy (OAT) medications.FindingsThe monthly rate of heroin‐related attendances fell by 26% immediately after the introduction of COVID‐19 restrictions. A reduced rate of heroin‐related attendances was observed during COVID‐19 restrictions, resulting in 2578 averted heroin‐related attendances. There was no change in the rate of attendances for extra‐medical OAT medications or prescription opioids.ConclusionsStrict COVID‐19 restrictions in Victoria, Australia appear to have resulted in a substantial reduction in heroin‐related ambulance attendances, perhaps because of border closures and restrictions on movement affecting supply, changing patterns of drug consumption, and efforts to improve access to OAT. Despite policy changes allowing longer OAT prescriptions and an increased number of unsupervised doses, we found no evidence of increased harms related to the extra‐medical use of these medications.
Does a local Alcohol Health Champion programme have a measurable impact on health and crime outcomes? A natural experiment evaluation of Communities in Charge of Alcohol (CICA) based on triangulation of methods
Authors: Scott Lauren J. , Hidajat Mira , Burns Elizabeth J. , Ure Cathy , Hargreaves Suzy C. , Audrey Suzanne , Coffey Margaret , Hare Susan , Siqueira Noemia , Parrott Steve , Cook Penny A. , de Vocht Frank 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and AimDrinking alcohol may cause harm to an individual's health and social relationships, while a drinking culture may harm societies as it may increase crime rates and make an area feel less safe. Local councils in Greater Manchester, UK, developed the Communities in Charge of Alcohol (CICA) intervention, in which volunteers were trained to give alcohol‐related advice to the public and taught how to influence policies to restrict when, where and how alcohol is sold. As part of a larger study, the aim of the current project is to measure the impact of CICA on health and crime outcomes at the lower super output (LSOA) geographical aggregation.DesignQuantitative evaluation using four time series analytic methods (stepped‐wedge design, and comparisons to local controls, national controls and synthetic controls) with findings triangulated across these methods. A cost–benefit analysis was carried out alongside the effectiveness analysis.Setting and ParticipantsThe general public in Greater Manchester, UK, between 2010 and 2020.MeasurementsThe primary outcome of interest was alcohol‐related hospital admissions. Secondary outcomes were accident and emergency (A&E) attendances, ambulance callouts, recorded crimes and anti‐social behaviour incidents.FindingsTriangulation of the results did not indicate any consistent effect on area‐level alcohol‐related hospital admissions, A&E attendances, ambulance callouts, reported crimes or anti‐social behaviour associated with the implementation of CICA. The primary stepped‐wedge analysis indicated an increase in alcohol‐related hospital admissions following the implementation of CICA of 13.4% (95% confidence interval −3.3%, +30.1%), which was consistent with analyses based on other methods with point estimates ranging from +3.4% to 16.4%.ConclusionThere is no evidence of a measurable impact of the Communities in Charge of Alcohol (CICA) programme on area‐level health and crime outcomes in Greater Manchester, UK, within 3 years of the programme start. The increase in alcohol‐related hospital admissions was likely the result of other temporal trends rather than the CICA programme. Possible explanations include insufficient follow‐up time, too few volunteers trained, volunteers being unwilling to get involved in licensing decisions or that the intervention has no direct impact on the selected outcomes.
Seasonal adaptation of Mangalica pigs in terms of muscle morphology and metabolism
Authors: Kim Sangwoo , Nakayama Chisato , Kondoh Daisuke , Okazaki Tatsuki , Yoneda Erina , Tomita Kisaki , Sasaki Motoki , Muranishi Yuki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe skeletal muscle plays an important role in maintaining body temperature, which is mediated by thermogenesis and glucose or lipid metabolism. Mangalica is a native Hungarian pig that has cold tolerance and can live in grazing environments throughout the year. We evaluated the morphological and genetic aspects of Mangalica using muscle tissues to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the tolerance to seasonal effects in grazing environments. The muscle tissues in each season were analysed using morphological evaluation and electron microscopy. The cross‐sectional area of skeletal muscle cells in summer was significantly larger than that in winter. The thickness of myofibrils in summer was significantly higher than in winter. The thickness of the Z‐line in winter was significantly higher than in summer. The expression of MYH4 and GLUT4 was significantly lower in winter than in summer. The result of ATPase staining indicated significantly increase the muscle fibre ratio of type 1 in winter than that in summer. These findings indicate that the muscle fibre in Mangalica shifts from fast‐twitch to slow‐twitch fibre, and the metabolic physiology of the muscle was adapted to the cold environment. This study demonstrates that Mangalica gained tolerance to both seasonal heat and cold stresses that are caused by significant changes in ambient temperature in a year because of changes in their muscle fibre type and metabolic function. This study may contribute to elucidating the mechanism of thermogenetic adaptation in cold and heat environments among mammals.