bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New semidominant mutations that affect mouse development
Authors: Bogani Debora , Warr Nick , Elms Paul , Davies Jennifer , Tymowska‐Lalanne Zuzanna , Goldsworthy Michelle , Cox Roger D. , Keays David A. , Flint Jonathan , Wilson Valerie , Nolan Pat , Arkell Ruth 
Published: September 2004

AbstractDominantly acting mutations that produce visible phenotypes are frequently recovered, either during routine maintenance of colonies or from mutagenesis experiments. We have studied 12 dominant mouse mutations that cause a tail dysmorphology, a coat spotting phenotype, or a combination of these. The majority of these mutations act in a semidominant manner with the homozygous state associated with embryonic lethality and a visible phenotype at or before midgestation. The homozygous phenotypes include axis truncation and neural crest cell defects, as may be expected from the heterozygous phenotypes. The majority of mutations, however, also produced other phenotypes that include neural tube closure defects and aberrant heart looping. In one coat spotting mutant the homozygous condition is lethal before neural crest cell production commences. The mutated genes often function in processes additional to those alluded to by the heterozygous phenotype. genesis 40:109–117, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intraoral sensation before and after radiotherapy and surgery for oral and pharyngeal cancer
Authors: Bodin Ingrid , Jäghagen Eva Levring , Isberg Annika 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBackground.Patients with unilateral oral or pharyngeal cancer often receive bilateral radiotherapy because of the potential for metastases. Because postoperative sequelae are evident on the tumor side, to date little attention has been paid to sensory alterations after radiotherapy on the healthy, nontumor side. The objective of this study was to investigate possible sensory alterations.Methods.Intraoral sensation was tested bilaterally at standardized sites in 27 patients and 20 controls. Preoperative radiotherapy was bilateral in 19 patients and unilateral in eight patients. Patients were tested before treatment, after radiotherapy, and after surgery at 6 months and 1 year. Comparisons were performed interindividually and intraindividually and between groups.Results.A delayed deterioration of sensation was revealed on the nontumor side 6 months after radiotherapy. There was no recovery 1 year after treatment.Conclusions.Intraoral sensation cannot be evaluated directly after radiotherapy. It is plausible that sensory deterioration after radiotherapy has an impact on functional rehabilitation after tumor treatment. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 923–929, 2004
Diagnostic value of galectin‐3 as a marker for malignancy in follicular patterned thyroid lesions
Authors: Oestreicher‐Kedem Yael , Halpern Marisa , Roizman Pepi , Hardy Britta , Sulkes Jaqueline , Feinmesser Raphael , Stern Yoram 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBackground.The determination of malignancy in follicular patterned thyroid lesions is based on postoperative histologic findings. Therefore, affected patients are referred for surgery, although only 20% will have a final diagnosis of malignancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of galectin‐3 as a marker of malignancy in these lesions.Methods.Fifty‐four tissue specimens of follicular patterned thyroid lesions were immunohistochemically stained for galectin‐3. Area and intensity scores were recorded.Results.Significant differences were found between the benign and malignant lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values of galectin‐3 staining were 82%, 68%, 75%, and 77%, respectively (p = .0002). Significant differences were also found between the subgroups of benign and malignant lesions (p ≤ .05).Conclusions.Galectin‐3 staining is highly sensitive for malignancy in follicular patterned thyroid lesions. Diagnostic problems may arise in the presence of Hürthle cell proliferation or minimally invasive follicular carcinoma. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 960–966, 2004
Role of class 3 semaphorins in the development and maturation of the septohippocampal pathway
Authors: Pascual Marta , Pozas Esther , Soriano Eduardo 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn examining the role of Class 3 secreted semaphorins in the prenatal and postnatal development of the septohippocampal pathway, we found that embryonic (E14–E16) septal axons were repelled by the cingulate cortex and the striatum. We also found that the hippocampus exerts chemorepulsion on dorsolateral septal fibers, but not on fibers arising in the medial septum/diagonal band complex, which is the source of septohippocampal axons. These data indicate that endogenous chemorepellents prevent the growth of septal axons in nonappropriate brain areas and direct septohippocampal fibers to the target hippocampus. The embryonic septum expressed np‐1 and np‐2 mRNAs, and the striatum and cerebral cortex expressed sema 3A and sema 3F. Experiments with recombinant semaphorins showed that Sema 3A and 3F, but not Sema 3C or 3E, induce chemorepulsion of septal axons. Sema 3A and 3F also induce growth cone collapse of septal axons. This indicates that these factors are endogenous cues for the early guidance of septohippocampal fibers, including cholinergic and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic axons, during the embryonic stages. During postnatal stages, when target cell selection and synaptogenesis take place, np‐1 and np‐2 were expressed by septohippocampal neurons at all ages tested. In the target hippocampus, pyramidal and granule cells expressed sema 3E and sema 3A, whereas most interneurons expressed sema 3C, but few expressed sema 3E or 3A. Combined tracing and expression studies showed that GABAergic septohippocampal fibers terminated preferentially onto sema 3C‐positive interneurons. In contrast, cholinergic septohippocampal fibers terminated onto sema 3E and sema 3A‐expressing pyramidal and granule cells. The data suggest that Class 3 secreted semaphorins are involved in postnatal development. Moreover, because GABAergic and cholinergic axons terminate onto neurons expressing distinct, but overlapping, patterns of semaphorin expression, semaphorin functions may be regulated by different signaling mechanisms at postnatal stages. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Egocentric conditional associative learning: Effects of restricted lesions to the hippocampo‐mammillo‐thalamic pathway
Authors: Sziklas V. , Petrides M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractRats with lesions of the hippocampus, the mammillary region, the anterior thalamic nuclei, and normal control animals were trained on a conditional associative learning task in which they had to learn to make one of two motor responses (i.e., turn left or right), depending on which one of two visual cues was presented. Damage to the hippocampus severely impaired performance of this task. By contrast, rats with lesions of the mammillary region or the anterior thalamic nuclei were able to acquire the task at a rate comparable to that of the normal animals. These findings demonstrate that hippocampal lesions impair the ability to form arbitrary associations between visual cues and kinesthetic responses (body turns) and, furthermore, suggest that the hippocampus does not rely on input from its major subcortical targets for learning such visual‐kinesthetic associations. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Uses and misuses of habituation and related preference paradigms
Authors: Cohen Leslie B. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractHouston‐Price and Nakai raise an important problem researchers face when attempting to interpret infant visual preference data. This problem stems from paradigms in which infants are only partially familiarized to a stimulus, and it is unclear whether they should show a novelty or familiarity preference to that stimulus in a subsequent test. As Hunter and Ames' (1988) noted in their important chapter, infants will sometimes show a familiarity preference rather than a novelty preference, particularly when the infants are relatively young and the stimuli are relatively complex. In this commentary, I shall make three points regarding this issue: first, that the familiarity preference problem is real; second, that in most cases there is a simple solution to the problem; and third that certain popular infant paradigms can exacerbate the problem. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novelty, familiarity, and infant reasoning
Authors: Slater Alan 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWhere stimuli are possibly discriminable but do not elicit spontaneous differential looking it is customary to use one or other variation of the habituation–dishabituation method in order to investigate their discriminability, and the literature abounds with such studies. However, there are many variations on habituation–dishabituation procedures, varying both within and between the sensory modalities investigated. Additionally, infant attention is a dynamic process which is likely to change over time, and given the great variations in procedures it can often be difficult to know whether infants are giving a familiarity or a novelty preference at test, which can make interpretation of results a difficult, and often controversial problem. Houston‐Price and Nakai give some clear examples of the changing nature of infant preferences, and relate them particularly to the amount of familiarisation prior to testing. The model they favour (and which receives a good deal of support) is that put forward by (among others) Hunter and Ames (1988) in which preferences change over the course of familiarisation time, from preference for neither familiarity or novelty, to familiarity, to no preference, to a novelty preference. They suggest that ‘If an attentional shift from what is familiar to what is novel is always found as the encoding of a familiar stimulus… is completed… then the pattern of change in preference over time should provide crucial information regarding the identity of the obtained effect’. I will argue that this attentional shift is not always found, and that in many instances we need converging evidence in order to clarify experimental findings. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distinguishing novelty and familiarity effects in infant preference procedures
Authors: Houston‐Price Carmel , Nakai Satsuki 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis paper considers possible problems researchers might face when interpreting the results of studies that employ variants of the preference procedure. Infants show a tendency to shift their preference from familiar to novel stimuli with increasing exposure to the familiar stimulus, a behaviour that is exploited by the habituation paradigm. This change in attentional preference with exposure leads us to suggest that researchers interested in infants' pre‐experimental or spontaneous preferences should beware of the potentially confounding effects of exposing infants to familiarization trials prior to employing the preference procedure. The notion that infant attentional preference is dynamic also calls into question the use of the direction of post‐familiarization preference per se when interpreting the knowledge or strategies available to infants. We look into the results of a cross‐modal word learning study to show how the interpretation of results may be difficult when infants exhibit a significant preference in an unexpected direction. As a possible solution to this problem we propose that significant preferences in both directions should be sought at multiple intervals over time. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell separation of hepatocytes and fibroblasts through surface‐modified polyurethane membranes
Authors: Higuchi Akon , Tsukamoto Yasuhisa 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe separation of fibroblast cells (L929 cells) and hepatocytes was investigated by using unmodified and surface‐modified polyurethane (PU) foaming membranes (pore size of 12 μm) by the incorporation of various functional groups. L929 cells permeated more readily than hepatocytes, and very few populations of hepatocytes (<5%) permeated through the membranes. This result was thought to be due to the smaller cell size of the L929 cells (5–10 μm) relative to the hepatocytes (15–30 μm). The larger hepatocytes were thought to plug the pores of the membranes. A good cell separation between L929 cells and hepatocytes was achieved when the cell mixture permeated through the negatively charged PU membranes. The negatively charged membranes were thought to enhance the permeation of L929 cells because of the electrostatic repulsion between the membranes and negatively charged cells. On the other hand, the hepatocytes were unable to permeate through the membranes because of the sieve effect caused by their large cell size. The separation of hepatocytes isolated from mice at different ages was also accomplished by permeating the cell mixture through unmodified and surface‐modified PU membranes. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 71A: 470–479, 2004
Chemoenzymatic synthesis of sugar‐containing biocompatible hydrogels: Crosslinked poly(β‐methylglucoside acrylate) and poly(β‐methylglucoside methacrylate)
Authors: Park Dae Won , Haam Seungjoo , Lee Tai Gyu , Kim Hae‐Sung , Kim Woo‐Sik 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSugar‐containing biocompatible hydrogels were synthesized chemoenzymatically by the following two steps: 1. lipase‐catalyzed esterification of β‐methylglucoside with acrylic acid/methacrylic acid/vinyl acrylate/vinyl methacrylate in solvent as well as solvent‐free process for the formation of sugar‐containing monomers; and 2. polymerization process by free‐radical polymerization with and without a crosslinker, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). The solvent‐free process resulted in an initial reaction rate approximately 1.5–2 times faster than that of the solvent process along with a complete consumption of β‐methylglucoside during the alcoholysis. The presence of pendant vinyl groups in β‐methylglucoside acrylate (MGAA) and β‐methylglucoside methacrylate (MGMAA) was confirmed by 1H/13C NMR analysis, whereas the successful polymerization with the consumption of the vinyl groups was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 13C NMR spectra. The surfaces of both poly(MGAA) and poly(MGMAA) were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The increased contents of EGDMA resulted in a higher tensile strength as well as a reduced swelling ratio of poly(MGAA) and poly(MGMAA). The swelling exponents were within the range of 0.53 and 0.98. In vitro cytotoxicity tests by MTT assay exhibited >90% cell viability in the poly(MGAA) and poly(MGMAA) without EGDMA, whereas a significantly decreased cell viability was observed for those with EGDMA. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 71A: 497–507, 2004
Analysis of poly(ethylene glycol)‐diacrylate macromer polymerization within a multicomponent semi‐interpenetrating polymer network system
Authors: Witte Richard P. , Blake Alexander J. , Palmer Christine , Kao Weiyuan John 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSemi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs) containing poly(ethylene glycol)‐diacrylate (PEGdA) and modified gelatin were prepared with 2,2‐dimethoxy‐2‐phenylacetophenone (DMPA) as a photoinitiator. The effect of (i) initiator and PEGdA concentration, and (ii) weight ratio and type of modified gelatin on the conversion of PEGdA functional end groups was monitored in situ using attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR). Reaction induction time was dependent on DMPA concentration and increased with decreasing DMPA concentration. Relative reaction rate was strongly dependent on both DMPA and PEGdA concentrations. Gelatin weight ratio and modification did not significantly affect reaction induction time, relative reaction rate, or reaction end time. Swelling/degradation kinetics at various aqueous conditions sought to establish relationships between diacrylate conversion and the resulting semi‐IPN physical properties. Semi‐IPN swelling weight ratio was strongly dependent on solvent conditions and semi‐IPN exposure to γ‐irradiation. Gelatin backbone modification and UV exposure time exhibited no effect on semi‐IPN swelling weight ratio. In conclusion, ATR‐FTIR presents a viable means of monitoring the conversion of PEGdA functional end groups within a complex mixture. UV exposure >10 s did not significantly affect the weight swelling ratio, and supports our ATR‐FTIR results that network formation reached completion before 3 min of UV exposure. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 71A: 508–518, 2004
Usefulness of photocrosslinkable chitosan for endoscopic cancer treatment in alimentary tract
Authors: Hayashi Takuya , Matsuyama Tomokazu , Hanada Kenji , Nakanishi Kuniaki , Uenoyama Maki , Fujita Masanori , Ishihara Masayuki , Kikuchi Makoto , Ikeda Tomosumi , Tajiri Hisao 
Published: September 2004

AbstractEndoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), an established treatment for superficial cancer in the stomach, colon, and esophagus, involves extracting the lesion with the aid of high‐frequency current (as in snare polypectomy), following saline injection into the submucosal layer. Of interest in this study was the ability of photocrosslinkable chitosan, which is converted to a hydrogel (like a soft rubber) by 30‐s ultraviolet irradiation, to expand the submucosal layer when used as an injection material. Photocrosslinkable‐chitosan solution or normal saline (0.3 mL) was injected into the submucosal layer of the rat stomach, and the thickness of this layer was measured at various time points thereafter. In these two groups, the values obtained were 3.8 and 2.0 mm, respectively (means; n = 5 each group; p < 0.005), at 30 min after the injection. The cumulative blood loss measured at 20 min after mucosal incision was 113 mg (photocrosslinkable‐chitosan solution), versus 1682 mg (saline) (means, n = 10 each group; p < 0.001). Histologic observation revealed that chitosan, which was retained within the submucosal layer, filled the ulcer base and completely surrounded the bleeding focus. Thus, the photocrosslinkable chitosan developed holds promise for use in EMR as a submucosal injection agent that avoids complications. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 71B: 367–372, 2004
Evaluating systems of care: Missing links in children's mental health research
Authors: Cook James R. , Kilmer Ryan P. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSystems of care (SOCs) have been developed throughout the country to meet the needs of children with severe emotional disturbances (SED) and their families. In these SOCs, multiple agencies and disciplines are expected to work together with informal community supports to address families' needs (Stroul & Friedman, 1986a). A review of the literature on the impact of SOCs suggests: (a) communities' service delivery systems change; and (b) children experience modest improvements in symptomatology and functioning. At the same time, little is known about (a) which components of the SOC approach, at what levels, are necessary to impact child and family outcomes; (b) the degree to which SOCs affect other family members, beyond the target child; and (c) the impact of community contexts and supports in SOCs. Future research should improve measurement of key SOC constructs, examine the relation between specific levels of implementation and outcomes for the entire family, and investigate the impact of broader community systems and supports on families within SOCs. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 32: 655–674, 2004.
Religiosity, spirituality, and help‐seeking among Filipino Americans: Religious clergy or mental health professionals?
Authors: Abe‐Kim Jennifer , Gong Fang , Takeuchi David 
Published: September 2004

AbstractData from structured interviews with 2,285 respondents for the Filipino American Community Epidemiological Survey (FACES) were used to examine help‐seeking for emotional distress among Filipino Americans. The influence of religious affiliation, religiosity, and spirituality upon help‐seeking from religious clergy and mental health professionals was assessed after controlling for need (e.g., negative life events, SCL‐90R scores, and somatic symptoms), demographic (e.g., age, gender, marital status, education, county of residence, generational status, and insurance coverage), and cultural variables (e.g., loss of face and language abilities). Rates of help‐seeking from religious clergy versus mental health professionals were comparable (2.5% vs. 2.9%). High religiosity was associated with more help‐seeking from religious clergy but not less help‐seeking from mental health professionals, whereas high spirituality was associated with less mental health help‐seeking. Implications for understanding how religious variables affect help‐seeking were explored. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 32: 675–689, 2004.
Libbie Henrietta Hyman (1888–1969): From developmental mechanics to the evolution of animal body plans
Authors: Jenner Ronald A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractLibbie Hyman is the most influential comparative invertebrate zoologist of the 20th century in the English‐speaking world. During the first part of her career Hyman conducted experimental research on the metabolic and developmental physiology of a host of invertebrates and vertebrate embryos. One important aim of these studies was to elucidate the hidden processes of morphogenesis. Some of the papers from this early phase of Hyman's career already contain the seeds for her subsequent occupation with comparative embryology and morphology to address questions about animal body plan evolution and metazoan phylogeny. Hyman's views on invertebrate evolution and phylogeny have become widely incorporated into textbooks, and until very recently Hyman's ideas have been equated with ‘traditional’ or ‘classical’ views on animal evolution. Hyman's enduring fame and significance for modern evo‐devo is primarily based upon her magisterial six‐volume series The Invertebrates, which is the most encompassing single‐author synthesis of invertebrate structure and development of the 20th century. In The Invertebrates Hyman addressed numerous questions about the evolution of animal body plans and metazoan phylogeny that are nowadays core items on the research agenda of evo‐devo. In addition, Hyman had a lasting influence on teaching with the publication of her widely used laboratory manuals for elementary zoology, and especially comparative vertebrate anatomy. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 302B:413–423, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A survey of the year 2003 literature on applications of isothermal titration calorimetry
Authors: Cliff Matthew J. , Gutierrez Aldo , Ladbury John E. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractOver the last decade isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) has developed from a specialist method which was largely restricted in its use to dedicated experts, to a major, commercially available tool in the arsenal directed at understanding molecular interactions. The number of those proficient in this field has multiplied dramatically, as has the range of experiments to which this method has been applied. This has led to an overwhelming amount of new data and novel applications to be assessed. With the increasing number of publications in this field comes a need to highlight works of interest and impact. In this overview of the literature we have attempted to draw attention to papers and issues for which both the experienced calorimetrist and the interested dilettante hopefully will share our enthusiasm. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.