bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailored Polypyrrole Nanofibers as Ion‐to‐Electron Transduction Membranes for Wearable K+ Sensors
Authors: Yang Yaqiong , Lv Tian‐Run , Zhang Wen‐Hai , Zhang Jia‐Yue , Yin Ming‐Jie , An Quan‐Fu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractConductive polymers are recognized as ideal candidates for the development of noninvasive and wearable sensors for real‐time monitoring of potassium ions (K+) in sweat to ensure the health of life. However, the low ion‐to‐electron transduction efficiency and limited active surface area hamper the development of high‐performance sensors for low‐concentration K+ detection in the sweat. Herein, a wearable K+ sensor is developed by tailoring the nanostructure of polypyrrole (PPy), serving as an ion‐to‐electron transduction layer, for accurately and stably tracing the K+ fluctuation in human sweat. The PPy nanostructures can be tailored from nanospheres to nanofibers by controlling the supramolecular assembly process during PPy polymerization. Resultantly, the ion‐to‐electron transduction efficiency (17‐fold increase in conductivity) and active surface area (1.3‐fold enhancement) are significantly enhanced, accompanied by minimized water layer formation. The optimal PPy nanofibers‐based K+ sensor achieved a high sensitivity of 62 mV decade−1, good selectivity, and solid stability. After being integrated with a temperature sensor, the manufactured wearable sensor realized accurate monitoring of K+ fluctuation in the human sweat.
Archaeichnium haughtoni: a robust burrow lining from the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition of Namibia
Authors: Turk Katherine A. , Pulsipher Mikaela A. , Bergh Eugene , Laflamme Marc , Darroch Simon A. F. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFollowing various assignments to Archaeocyatha, worm tubes, and finally incertae sedis, the enigmatic Ediacaran–Cambrian taxon Archaeichnium haughtoni has in recent years come to represent somewhat of a wastebasket taxon to which the indeterminate tapering tubular forms common across this interval are assigned. This ‘catch‐all’ status has been aided in part by both suboptimal specimen photography and the temporary loss of the holotype after its second redescription in 1978. Recent rediscovery of the A. haughtoni holotype in the collections of the Iziko South African Museum in Cape Town has enabled a much‐needed re‐assessment of this critical and cryptic taxon, with results suggesting that this material from the latest Ediacaran or earliest Cambrian of Namibia is among the earliest fossil record examples of marine worm burrow linings, and the oldest examples of linings robust enough to withstand exhumation and current transport. These traces indicate the emergence of this important animalian ecosystem engineering behaviour closer to the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary than previously thought.
Prognostic factors for liver metastasis in patients with small intestinal stromal tumor: A retrospective analysis of surveillance, epidemiology, and end results
Authors: Liu Luojie , Zhang Rufa , Qiao Zhenguo , Ye Ye , Xia Kaijian , Feng Yunfu , Xu Xiaodan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundLiver metastasis (LIM) is the most common distant site of metastasis in small intestinal stromal tumors (SISTs). The aim of this study was to determine the risk and prognostic factors associated with LIM in patients with SISTs.MethodsPatients diagnosed with gastrointestinal stromal tumors between 2010 and 2019 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models, as well as a Cox regression model were used to explore the risk factors associated with the development and prognosis of LIM. Additionally, the overall survival (OS) of patients with LIM was analyzed using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Furthermore, a predictive nomogram was constructed, and the model's performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsA total of 1582 eligible patients with SISTs were included, among whom 146 (9.2%) were diagnosed with LIM. Poor tumor grade, absence of surgery, later T‐stage, and no chemotherapy were associated with an increased risk of developing LIM. The nomogram prediction model achieved an AUC of 0.810, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.773–0.846, indicating good performance, and the calibration curve showed excellent accuracy in predicting LIM. The OS rate of patients with LIM was significantly lower than that of patients without LIM (p < 0.001).ConclusionsPatients with SISTs who are at high risk of developing LIM deserve more attention during follow‐up, as LIM can significantly affect patient prognosis. The nomogram demonstrated good calibration and discrimination for predicting LIM.
Opening up the ‘black-box’: what strategies do community mental health workers use to address the social dimensions of mental health?
Authors: Jain Sumeet , Pillai Pooja , Mathias Kaaren 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Community-based workers promote mental health in communities. Recent literature has called for more attention to the ways they operate and the strategies used. For example, how do they translate biomedical concepts into frameworks that are acceptable and accessible to communities? How do micro-innovations lead to positive mental health outcomes, including social inclusion and recovery? The aim of this study was to examine the types of skills and strategies to address social dimensions of mental health used by community health workers (CHWs) working together with people with psychosocial disability (PPSD) in urban north India.

Methods
We interviewed CHWs (n = 46) about their registered PPSD who were randomly selected from 1000 people registered with a local non-profit community mental health provider. Notes taken during interviews were cross-checked with audio recordings and coded and analyzed thematically.

Results
CHWs displayed social, cultural, and psychological skills in forming trusting relationships and in-depth knowledge of the context of their client's lives and family dynamics. They used this information to analyze political, social, and economic factors influencing mental health for the client and their family members. The diverse range of analysis and intervention skills of community health workers built on contextual knowledge to implement micro-innovations in a be-spoke way, applying these to the local ecology of people with psychosocial disabilities (PPSD). These approaches contributed to addressing the social and structural determinants that shaped the mental health of PPSD.

Conclusion
Community health workers (CHWs) in this study addressed social aspects of mental health, individually, and by engaging with wider structural factors. The micro-innovations of CHWs are dependent on non-linear elements, including local knowledge, time, and relationships. Global mental health requires further attentive qualitative research to consider how these, and other factors shape the work of CHWs in different locales to inform locally appropriate mental health care.
Fabrication and characterization of aluminum foam reinforced with nanostructured γ-Al2O3 via friction stir process for enhanced mechanical performance
Authors: Papantoniou Ioannis G. , Manolakos Dimitrios E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the fabrication and characterization of aluminum foam reinforced with nanostructured γ-Al2O3, utilizing AA5083 plates. The fabrication process involved the integration of TiH2 foaming agent particles and reinforcing nanoparticles via the friction stir process (FSP), resulting in the creation of precursor specimens. Subsequently, a separate foaming stage was conducted within a laboratory furnace. The integration of these particles was achieved through the machining of parallel grooves in a single aluminum plate. The initial phase of the experimental study focused on investigating the effect of varying amounts of the foaming agent. Large-scale foams were then produced, achieving a medium porosity of 70%. Electro-discharge machining was employed to prepare specimens for compression testing to analyze their stress–strain response. The results revealed a plateau stress of 27 MPa, a relative Young’s modulus of 4.44 × 10−3, and an energy absorption close to 17 MJ/m3 at 50% strain. Significantly enhanced plateau stress was observed in the manufactured reinforced aluminum foam compared to similar foams produced through conventional methods.
Weak Solutions of Mullins–Sekerka Flow as a Hilbert Space Gradient Flow
Authors: Hensel Sebastian , Stinson Kerrek 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe propose a novel weak solution theory for the Mullins–Sekerka equation in dimensions $$d=2$$

d
=
2

and 3, primarily motivated from a gradient flow perspective. Previous existence results on weak solutions due to Luckhaus and Sturzenhecker (Calc. Var. PDE 3, 1995) or Röger (SIAM J. Math. Anal. 37, 2005) left open the inclusion of both a sharp energy dissipation principle and a weak formulation of the contact angle at the intersection of the interface and the domain boundary. To incorporate these, we introduce a functional framework encoding a weak solution concept for Mullins–Sekerka flow essentially relying only on (i) a single sharp energy dissipation inequality in the spirit of De Giorgi, and (ii) a weak formulation for an arbitrary fixed contact angle through a distributional representation of the first variation of the underlying capillary energy. Both ingredients are intrinsic to the interface of the evolving phase indicator and an explicit distributional PDE formulation with potentials can be derived from them. The existence of weak solutions is established via subsequential limit points of the naturally associated minimizing movements scheme. Smooth solutions are consistent with the classical Mullins–Sekerka flow, and even further, we expect our solution concept to be amenable, at least in principle, to the recently developed relative entropy approach for curvature driven interface evolution.
Optimal Boundary Control of the Isothermal Semilinear Euler Equation for Gas Dynamics on a Network
Authors: Bongarti Marcelo , Hintermüller Michael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe analysis and boundary optimal control of the nonlinear transport of gas on a network of pipelines is considered. The evolution of the gas distribution on a given pipe is modeled by an isothermal semilinear compressible Euler system in one space dimension. On the network, solutions satisfying (at nodes) the Kirchhoff flux continuity conditions are shown to exist in a neighborhood of an equilibrium state. The associated nonlinear optimization problem then aims at steering such dynamics to a given target distribution by means of suitable (network) boundary controls while keeping the distribution within given (state) constraints. The existence of local optimal controls is established and a corresponding Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) stationarity system with an almost surely non-singular Lagrange multiplier is derived.
Cognitive Functioning and Psychosocial Outcomes in Adults with Complex Congenital Heart Disease: A Cross-sectional Pilot Study
Authors: Verrall Charlotte E. , Tran Derek L. , Kasparian Nadine A. , Williams Tracey , Oxenham Vincent , Ayer Julian , Celermajer David S. , Cordina Rachael L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAdults with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for cognitive dysfunction. However, associations between cognitive dysfunction and psychosocial outcomes are poorly defined. Between June and November 2022, we prospectively recruited 39 adults with complex CHD who completed a computerized cognitive assessment (Cogstate) and validated psychosocial scales measuring psychological distress, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and resilience. Participants had a mean age of 36.4 ± 11.2 years. Over half (62%) were women, most (79%) had complex biventricular CHD, and 21% had Fontan physiology. Prevalence of cognitive dysfunction was greatest in the domains of attention (29%), working memory (25%), and psychomotor speed (21%). Adjusting for age and sex, Pearson partial correlations between Cogstate z-scores and self-reported cognitive problems were small. Participants who lived in the most disadvantaged areas and those with a below-average annual household income had lower global cognitive z-scores (p = 0.02 and p = 0.03, respectively). Two-thirds (64%) reported elevated symptoms of depression, anxiety, and/or stress. Small correlations were observed between psychological distress and cognitive performance. Greater resilience was associated with lower psychological distress (r ≥ −0.5, p < 0.001) and higher HRQOL (r = 0.33, p = 0.02). Our findings demonstrate that adults with complex CHD have a high risk of cognitive dysfunction, though may not recognize or report their cognitive challenges. Lower socioeconomic status may be an indicator for those at risk of poorer cognitive functioning. Psychological distress is common though may not be a strong correlate of performance-based cognitive functioning. Formal cognitive evaluation in this patient population is essential. Optimizing resilience may be a protective strategy to minimize psychological distress and bolster HRQOL.
Diversity and ecological function of urease-producing bacteria in the cultivation environment of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis
Authors: Pei Pengbing , Aslam Muhammad , Wang Hui , Ye Peilin , Li Tangcheng , Liang Honghao , Lin Qi , Chen Weizhou , Du Hong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUrease-producing bacteria (UPB) provide inorganic nitrogen for primary producers by hydrolyzing urea, and play an important role in marine nitrogen cycle. However, there is still an incomplete understanding of UPB and their ecological functions in the cultivation environment of the red macroalgae Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. This study comprehensively analyzed the diversity of culturable UPB and explored their effects on urea uptake by G. lemaneiformis. A total of 34 isolates belonging to four main bacterial phyla i.e. (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria) were identified through 16S rRNA sequencing and were screened for UPB by urea agar chromogenic medium assay and ureC gene cloning. Our data revealed that only 8 strains contained urease. All of these UPB exhibited different urease activities, which were determined by the Berthelot reaction colorimetry assay. Additionally, the UPB strain (G13) isolated from G. lemaneiformis with higher urease activity was selected for co-culture with G. lemaneiformis to explore its role in promoting or inhibiting nitrogen uptake by macroalgae. The results showed a significant increase in urea consumption in the culture medium and the total cellular nitrogen in G. lemaneiformis in the UPB-co culture group compared to the sterile group. This suggests that the selected UPB strain positively influences nitrogen uptake by G. lemaneiformis. Similarly, isotopic assays revealed that the δ15N content of G. lemaneiformis was significantly higher in the UPB-co culture than in the control group, where δ15N-urea was the only nitrogen source in the culture medium. This indicates that the UPB helped G. lemaneiformis to absorb more nitrogen from urea. Moreover, the highest content of δ15N was found in G. lemaneiformis with epiphytic bacteria compared to sterilized (i.e. control), showing that epiphytic bacteria, along with UPB, have a compound effect in helping G. lemaneiformis absorb more nitrogen from urea. Taken together, these results provide unique insight into the ecological role of UPB and suggest that urease from macroalgae environment-associated bacteria might be an important player in marine nitrogen cycling.
Discussion of hemodynamic optimization strategies and the canonical understanding of hemodynamics during biventricular mechanical support in cardiogenic shock: does the flow balance make the difference?
Authors: Patsalis Nikolaos , Kreutz Julian , Chatzis Giorgos , Fichera Carlo-Federico , Syntila Styliani , Choukeir Maryana , Griewing Sebastian , Schieffer Bernhard , Markus Birgit 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices may stabilize patients with severe cardiogenic shock (CS) following myocardial infarction (MI). However, the canonical understanding of hemodynamics related to the determination of the native cardiac output (CO) does not explain or support the understanding of combined left and right MCS. To ensure the most optimal therapy control, the current principles of hemodynamic measurements during biventricular support should be re-evaluated.

Methods
Here we report a protocol of hemodynamic optimization strategy during biventricular MCS (VA-ECMO and left ventricular Impella) in a case series of 10 consecutive patients with severe cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction. During the protocol, the flow rates of both devices were switched in opposing directions (+ / − 0.7 l/min) for specified times. To address the limitations of existing hemodynamic measurement strategies during biventricular support, different measurement techniques (thermodilution, Fick principle, mixed venous oxygen saturation) were performed by pulmonary artery catheterization. Additionally, Doppler ultrasound was performed to determine the renal resistive index (RRI) as an indicator of renal perfusion.

Results
The comparison between condition 1 (ECMO flow > Impella flow) and condition 2 (Impella flow > VA-ECMO flow) revealed significant changes in hemodynamics. In detail, compared to condition 1, condition 2 results in a significant increase in cardiac output (3.86 ± 1.11 vs. 5.44 ± 1.13 l/min, p = 0.005) and cardiac index (2.04 ± 0.64 vs. 2.85 ± 0.69, p = 0.013), and mixed venous oxygen saturation (56.44 ± 6.97% vs. 62.02 ± 5.64% p = 0.049), whereas systemic vascular resistance decreased from 1618 ± 337 to 1086 ± 306 s*cm−5 (p = 0.002). Similarly, RRI decreased in condition 2 (0.662 ± 0.05 vs. 0.578 ± 0.06, p = 0.003).

Conclusions
To monitor and optimize MCS in CS, PA catheterization for hemodynamic measurement is applicable. Higher Impella flow is superior to higher VA-ECMO flow resulting in a more profound increase in CO with subsequent improvement of organ perfusion.

Graphical Abstract
Fluctuation–response relations for integrate-and-fire models with an absolute refractory period
Authors: Puttkammer Friedrich , Lindner Benjamin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe study the problem of relating the spontaneous fluctuations of a stochastic integrate-and-fire (IF) model to the response of the instantaneous firing rate to time-dependent stimulation if the IF model is endowed with a non-vanishing refractory period and a finite (stereotypical) spike shape. This seemingly harmless addition to the model is shown to complicate the analysis put forward by Lindner Phys. Rev. Lett. (2022), i.e., the incorporation of the reset into the model equation, the Rice-like averaging of the stochastic differential equation, and the application of the Furutsu–Novikov theorem. We derive a still exact (although more complicated) fluctuation–response relation (FRR) for an IF model with refractory state and a white Gaussian background noise. We also briefly discuss an approximation for the case of a colored Gaussian noise and conclude with a summary and outlook on open problems.
Risk of gastric adenoma and adenocarcinoma in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis in Japan: a nationwide multicenter study
Authors: Sasaki Kazuhito , Kawai Kazushige , Nozawa Hiroaki , Ishihara Soichiro , Ishida Hideyuki , Ishibashi Keiichiro , Mori Yoshiko , Shichijo Satoki , Tani Yasuhiro , Takeuchi Yoji , Chino Akiko , Takao Misato , Fujiyoshi Kenji , Matsubara Takaaki , Miyakura Yasuyuki , Taniguchi Fumitaka , Yamaguchi Tatsuro , Tanakaya Kohji , Tomita Naohiro , Ajioka Yoichi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) have an increased risk of developing gastric neoplasms. However, the clinical course of FAP with these gastric lesions has not yet been fully clarified. The present study aimed to clarify the changes in the incidence risk of developing gastric adenoma or gastric cancer during the lifespan of patients with FAP.

Methods
Four hundred forty-three patients with data regarding gastric adenoma and gastric cancer retrospectively registered in a nationwide Japanese multicenter study were enrolled. The cumulative incidences and hazard rates (HRs) of gastric neoplasms were evaluated.

Results
The cumulative incidence rates in 50-year-old patients with FAP were 22.8% for gastric adenoma and 7.6% for gastric cancer, respectively. No significant association was found between gastric neoplasms and the colonic phenotype. The peak age for the HR of gastric adenoma was 65 years, with the highest HR (0.043). Regarding the incidence of gastric cancer, the HR increased moderately up to the age of 40 years, but the increase accelerated from the age of 50 years (HR = 0.0067).

Conclusion
Careful surveillance of the upper gastrointestinal tract in elderly patients with FAP, such as shortening the interval of follow-up according to age, may be helpful for early diagnosis of gastric cancer.
Functional AGXT2 SNP rs180749 variant and depressive symptoms: Baseline data from the Aidai Cohort Study in Japan
Authors: Kumon Hiroshi , Miyake Yoshihiro , Yoshino Yuta , Iga Jun-ichi , Tanaka Keiko , Senba Hidenori , Kimura Eizen , Higaki Takashi , Matsuura Bunzo , Kawamoto Ryuichi , Ueno Shu-ichi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNo study has shown the relationship between alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and depressive symptoms. The present case–control study examined this relationship in Japanese adults. Cases and control participants were selected from those who participated in the baseline survey of the Aidai Cohort Study, which is an ongoing cohort study. Cases comprised 280 participants with depressive symptoms based on a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score ≥ 16. Control participants comprised 2034 participants without depressive symptoms based on the CES-D who had not been diagnosed by a physician as having depression or who had not been currently taking medication for depression. Adjustment was made for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, leisure time physical activity, education, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. Compared with the GG genotype of rs180749, both the GA and AA genotypes were significantly positively associated with the risk of depressive symptoms assessed by the CES-D: the adjusted odds ratios for the GA and AA genotypes were 2.83 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–8.24) and 3.10 (95% CI 1.37–8.92), respectively. The TGC haplotype of rs37370, rs180749, and rs16899974 was significantly inversely related to depressive symptoms (crude OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.49–0.90), whereas the TAC haplotype was significantly positively associated with depressive symptoms (crude OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.01–1.52). This is the first study to show significant associations between AGXT2 SNP rs180749, the TGC haplotype, and the TAC haplotype and depressive symptoms.