bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between sourcing skills and intertextual integration in lower secondary school students
Authors: Incognito Oriana , Tarchi Christian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSourcing and intertextual integration skills are critical to the development of young students’ digital literacy skills. Sourcing skills include identifying source parameters (e.g., recognizing the author, publication date, publisher) and analyzing the author’s expertise. The objective of this study is to investigate which sourcing skills used by students in document selection are most associated with intertextual integration skills. A total of 165 students attending lower secondary school participated in the research. Students completed a sourcing inventory, an intertextual integration task (after reading multiple texts), and control variables measures (prior knowledge, prior beliefs, and text comprehension). The results of exploratory factor analysis showed three dimensions for sourcing, namely source identification, author’s competence, and judgment on website choice. Furthermore, hierarchical regressions showed that author competence was the only sourcing factor associated with intertextual integration skills, after controlling for the effect of control variables. These results suggest that even younger students pay attention to author expertise when choosing texts to use for their assignments, and doing so enhances their competence in integrating information across sources.
A review to frame the utilization of Eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) cultivars in alley cropping systems
Authors: Bishop Benjamin , Meier Nicholas A. , Coggeshall Mark V. , Lovell Sarah T. , Revord Ronald S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAgroforestry adoptition is gaining considerable traction in the temperate US with growing popularity and government incentives (e.g., the Partnerships for Climate-Smart Commodities Project) for systems with greenhouse gas mitigation potential. The identification of complementary species combinations will accelerate the expansion of temperate agroforestry. Since the mid-19th century, European timber plantations have taken advantage of the late-leafing habit of walnut (Juglans spp.) to grow a spring grain crop between the tree rows. Such alley cropping systems increase land-use efficiency and provide extensive environmental benefits. A parallel but underutilized opportunity in North American involves incorporating eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) cultivars into alley cropping systems (ACS). Eastern black walnut, henceforth referred to as black walnut, is native to North America and exhibits architectural and phenological characters for reduced competition with winter cereal crops grown in alleys. Black walnut also produces nutritious nuts, and cultivars with improved kernel percentage and mass offer potential to cultivate the species as a domesticated orchard crop, as opposed to just the high-quality timber for which it is well-known. However, field observations suggest significant variation in tree architecture and phenology amongst cultivars, which is likely to influence complementarity with winter grains. Comprehensive characterization of trait genetic diversity is needed to best leverage germplasm into productive systems. Here, we review literature related to implementing ACS with consideration of cultivar-dependent traits that may reduce interspecific competition. While the focus is directed toward black walnut, broad characterization of other underutilized fruit/nut species will allow for robust diversification of ACS.
Metrics on space of closed orbits for near-Earth objects identification
Authors: Vananti A. , Meyer zu Westram Moritz , Schildknecht T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the characterization of the space debris environment, the computation of the orbit of the debris objects is usually conducted by considering the association of short sequences of observations called tracklets. In case the orbits can be already determined with sufficient accuracy from single tracklets, it is necessary to define a criterion to decide if two calculated orbits correspond to the same object. One possibility is to introduce a definition of distance between orbits and to consider a threshold below which the two orbits are considered to be originating from the same object. The concept of distance is quite general and leaves room to different definitions. There are different ways to describe and to parameterize the space of the possible orbits. In this article, new metrics are proposed which extend distance definitions suggested in previous works. In these metrics in addition to orbital plane and orbital shape, also the position of the object along the orbit is taken into account. The obtained distances are scaled according to the orbit covariance. This has the advantage that the distance between orbits with different accuracy can be evaluated. The proposed metrics are then compared with existing common metrics to assess their applicability.
The Many Forms of Co-kriging: A Diversity of Multivariate Spatial Estimators
Authors: Dowd Peter A. , Pardo-Igúzquiza Eulogio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this expository review paper, we show that co-kriging, a widely used geostatistical multivariate optimal linear estimator, has a diverse range of extensions that we have collected and illustrated to show the potential of this spatial interpolator. In the context of spatial stochastic processes, this paper covers scenarios including increasing the spatial resolution of a spatial variable (downscaling), solving inverse problems, estimating directional derivatives, and spatial interpolation taking boundary conditions into account. All these spatial interpolators are optimal linear estimators in the sense of being unbiased and minimising the variance of the estimation error.
Greedy optimization of resistance-based graph robustness with global and local edge insertions
Authors: Predari Maria , Berner Lukas , Kooij Robert , Meyerhenke Henning 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe total effective resistance, also called the Kirchhoff index, provides a robustness measure for a graphG. We consider two optimization problems of addingknew edges toGsuch that the resulting graph has minimal total effective resistance (i.e., is most robust)—one where the new edges can be anywhere in the graph and one where the new edges need to be incident to a specified focus node. The total effective resistance and effective resistances between nodes can be computed using the pseudoinverse of the graph Laplacian. The pseudoinverse may be computed explicitly via pseudoinversion, yet this takes cubic time in practice and quadratic space. We instead exploit combinatorial and algebraic connections to speed up gain computations in an established generic greedy heuristic. Moreover, we leverage existing randomized techniques to boost the performance of our approaches by introducing a sub-sampling step. Our different graph- and matrix-based approaches are indeed significantly faster than the state-of-the-art greedy algorithm, while their quality remains reasonably high and is often quite close. Our experiments show that we can now process larger graphs for which the application of the state-of-the-art greedy approach was impractical before.
Pyrazole-vaniline Schiff base disperse azo dyes for UV protective clothing: synthesis, characterization, comparative study of UPF, dyeing properties and potent antimicrobial activity
Authors: Noser Ahmed A. , Ibrahim Saham A. , Abd El Salam Hayam A. , El-Ebiary Nora M. A. , Mandour Hamada S. A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFrom 5-amino pyrazole, azo disperse pyrazole dyes containing o-vanillin have been synthesized and characterized using elemental analyses and Spectroscopic techniques. All synthesized dyes have been effectively used on polyester fabrics as disperse dyes, and the performances of dyeing have been studied and evaluated. The dyes have good depth, brightness and good leveling properties. The fastness properties of the dyed samples have been thoroughly examined and assessed with regard to washing, perspiration, rubbing, and light fastness. Color representation, colorimetric data (L*, a*, b, C*, h, and K/S), and other multifunctional features have also been studied. The degree of exhaustion and fixation were attained. Additionally, the dyed fabrics were put through an ultraviolet protection factor test, with the findings demonstrating that these dyes provided superior UV protection. The synthetic dyes were tested in- vitro against different bacteria and fungi, all of the dyes shown a significant activity compared with the standard drug.
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Benotungspraxis im Sportunterricht an Grundschulen und in der Sekundarstufe II – Eine qualitative Untersuchung zu Benotungskriterien und deren Gewichtung
Authors: Gehrmann Sebastian , Kastrup Valerie 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Beschränkung auf die sportmotorische Leistung als Indikator für die Sportnote ist nicht mit den Zielen des kompetenzorientierten Sportunterrichts vereinbar, in welchem sich Leistungen und entsprechend auch die Noten aus weiteren Dimensionen wie dem Leistungsfortschritt, der Leistungsbereitschaft sowie kognitiven und sozialen Kompetenzen zusammensetzen. In der vorliegenden Studie werden jeweils zehn Sportlehrkräfte der Primar- sowie der Sekundarstufe II in leitfadengestützten Interviews gefragt, welche Dimensionen sie für die Benotung der Schüler*innen heranziehen und wie stark sie diese jeweils gewichten. Mit Hilfe der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse werden die Daten ausgewertet und die Aussagen verglichen.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die sportmotorische Dimension von beiden Gruppen jeweils als die bedeutsamste für die Gesamtnote angesehen wird, wobei die Lehrkräfte der Sekundarstufe II dieser Dimension eine noch größere Bedeutung beimessen. In der Sekundarstufe II können alle anderen Dimensionen kumuliert die Note im Fach Sport maximal um eine ganze Stufe ändern, während die soziale Dimension und die Leistungsbereitschaft die Note in der Grundschule stark beeinflussen und bis zu 50 % dieser ausmachen können.
Review and prospect of soil compound erosion
Authors: Yang Wenqian , Zhang Gangfeng , Yang Huimin , Lin Degen , Shi Peijun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSoil erosion is one of the most serious environmental issues constraining the sustainable development of human society and economies. Soil compound erosion is the result of the alternation or interaction between two or more erosion forces. In recent years, fluctuations and extreme changes in climatic factors (air temperature, precipitation, wind speed, etc.) have led to an increase in the intensity and extent of compound erosion, which is increasingly considered in soil erosion research. First, depending on the involvement of gravity, compound erosion process can be divided into compound erosion with and without gravity. We systematically summarized the research on the mechanisms and processes of alternating or interacting soil erosion forces (wind, water, and freeze-thaw) considering different combinations, combed the characteristics of compound erosion in three typical regions, namely, high-elevation areas, high-latitude areas, and dry and wet transition regions, and reviewed soil compound erosion research methods, such as station observations, simulation experiments, prediction models, and artificial neural networks. The soil erosion model of wind, water, and freeze-thaw interaction is the most significant method for quantifying and predicting compound erosion. Furthermore, it is proposed that there are several issues such as unclear internal mechanisms, lack of comprehensive prediction models, and insufficient scale conversion methods in soil compound erosion research. It is also suggested that future soil compound erosion mechanism research should prioritize the coupling of compound erosion forces and climate change.
Social Assistance as a Livelihood Strategy Among the Working Poor: A Case Study from Türkiye
Authors: Ortakaya Ülkü İstiklal 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe present qualitative study attempted to elicit the working poor’s views on the social assistance system in Türkiye. We held in-depth interviews with 30 conveniently selected participants between March and June 2022 in Ankara and analyzed the findings descriptively. Accordingly, the results highlighted the working poor’s experiences with the social assistance system, the role of this system in their employment, and their expectations of the system. In a nutshell, our findings implied that the working poor should be granted minimum income support to improve the efficiency of the Turkish social assistance system further in combating in-work poverty.
Seismic response of granites with different grain sizes after thermal treatment: an experimental study
Authors: Zhou Erkang , Zhai Tianqi , Zhu Jianbo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the wave propagation behaviour in rock masses with different temperatures and geological conditions is of great significance for the stability and safety evaluation of deep rock engineering, e.g., enhanced geothermal system, nuclear waste disposal. However, the response and mechanism of ultrasonic waves through granites after thermal treatment are still poorly understood. In order to determine the combined effects of heating temperature and grain size on wave propagation across granites, a series of laboratory ultrasonic tests were performed with the pulse transmission method, combined with scanning electron microscopy observation. The testing results indicate that heating temperature and grain size have a combined impact on wave propagation across the tested granites. The wave velocity, transmitted coefficient, peak power spectral density and accumulative energy are generally negatively correlated with heating temperature regardless of grain size. The effect of grain size on wave propagation is more pronounced at low temperatures. Basically, the crack evolution is the main reason for the seismic response of granite after thermal treatment. A damage factor defined by the change of microcrack area in this paper is proposed and adopted to consider the combined effect of heating temperature and grain size. The peak power spectral density of the low-frequency wave and the transmission coefficient of the high-frequency wave are appropriate as the optimal wave indicators for evaluating the deterioration of granites at high- and low-damage stages, respectively. The findings in this study are of great importance for site selection and stability assessment in rock engineering activities under high temperatures, especially for the development of deep-seated hot dry rock.
Numerical analysis of the effect of ventilation door on the propagation characteristics of gas explosion shock waves
Authors: Zhang Xue-bo , Han Lin-xiu , Ren Jing-zhang , Liu Jia-jia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVentilation door are commonly found in tunnels and other underground engineering ventilation structures, disaster periods using its explosion isolation, explosion relief, wind regulation characteristics for disaster prevention and mitigation is of great significance. This paper numerically simulates the propagation characteristics of the gas explosion shock wave in the nearby tunnel when the ventilation door are opened at different degrees, and analyzes the influence mechanism of the opening degree on the change law of the shock wave overpressure distribution in the nearby tunnel. The results show that the shock wave forms a strong turbulence area (high pressure area) on both sides in front of the ventilation door, and the area range and the overpressure value decrease with the increase of the opening degree; the ventilation door reduce the intensity of the shock wave, so that the overpressure behind the ventilation door decreases, and the smaller the opening degree, the lower the overpressure behind the ventilation door. The secondary explosion formed shock wave and the ventilation door reflected shock wave meet to form a stronger shock wave, which leads to different opening degrees of ventilation door, its before, after the roadway and after the bifurcation of the main roadway in the measured points of the overpressure change curve is different, the main difference is that the peak overpressure for the first wave or the second wave peak. The peak overpressure in the tunnel before and after the ventilation door decreases and increases respectively with the increase of the opening length, and the overall decay of the peak overpressure at 5 m and 10 m before the ventilation door is 49.56% and 4.04% respectively and only has an effect on the peak overpressure in main tunnel within 20 m from the bifurcation.
Influences of 3D printing parameters on the mechanical properties of wood PLA filament: an experimental analysis by Taguchi method
Authors: Sultana Jakiya , Rahman Md Mazedur , Wang Yanen , Ahmed Ammar , Xiaohu Chen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of 3D printing parameters on the mechanical properties (predominantly tensile properties) of a commercial polylactic acid-based wood fiber composite material known as wood filament. The influence of printing parameters, including layer thickness, infill density, printing speed, and nozzle temperature on the mechanical properties, is studied, and the design of the experiment (DOE) is made through Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. The specimens for the tensile test are fabricated by the material extrusion (MEX) 3D printer, which is also known as fused deposition modeling (FDM) or fused filament fabrication (FFF). After conducting the tensile test, this research considers four significant outcomes: tensile strength, maximum load, elastic modulus, and elongation at break. Further analysis of the obtained results from mechanical testing is performed through analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the significance of each parameter on the mechanical properties. Moreover, prediction and optimization are conducted to verify the obtained results from the DOE. Furthermore, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) is used to analyze the fracture zones, cracks, voids, and fiber/matrix adhesion of the FDM fabricated parts which demonstrates that the lower layer thickness provides better adhesion and fewer voids between successive layers and thus exhibits better mechanical performance.
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Postplagiarism: transdisciplinary ethics and integrity in the age of artificial intelligence and neurotechnology
Authors: Eaton Sarah Elaine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this article I explore the concept of postplagiarism, loosely defined as an era in human society and culture in which advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and neurotechnology, including brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), become a normal part of life, including how we teach, learn, communicate, and interact on a daily basis. Ethics and integrity are intensely important in the postplagiarism era when technology cannot be decoupled from everyday life. I argue that it might be reasonable to assume that when commercialized neuro-educational technology is readily available in a form that is implantable/ingestible/embeddable and invisible then academic integrity arms race will be over, as detection will be an exercise in futility.In a postplagiarism era, humans are compelled to grapple with questions about ethics and integrity for a socially just world at a time when advanced technology cannot be unbundled from education or everyday life. I conclude with a call to action for transdisciplinary research to better understand ethical implications of advanced technologies in education, emphasizing that such research can be considered pre-emptive, rather than speculative. The ethical implications of ubiquitous artificial intelligence and neurotechnology (e.g., BCIs) in education are important at a global scale as we prepare today’s students for academic and lifelong success.
Enterprise Informality in India: The Blind Spots in Public Policy
Authors: Mehrotra Santosh , Giri Tuhinsubhra 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn essential characteristic of firm size distribution patterns in developing countries including India, is a bimodal distribution with a “missing middle”, which is widely accepted in development economics. We analyse data from the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI), National Sample Survey (NSS) and Economic Census to assess the firm size structure of the whole non-farm sector. The contribution of the paper is that for the first time a comprehensive database is constructed to enable analysis of the size structure of India’s non-farm enterprises. The second contribution is that we find a deep distortion in India, with even a “small”-scale sector being very small, relatively. We examine briefly the policy-related causes that make India an outlier even among Asian economies in respect of size structure of enterprises. Finally, we argue that the historically policy-induced informality of enterprises is being entrenched by the current hiatus in state policy in even recognising the true nature of the problem of micro, small & medium enterprises (MSMEs), which holds back both their growth and employment.
The flexural response of RC beams strengthened by EB/NSM techniques using FRP and metal materials: a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Megahed F. A. , Seleem M. H. , Badawy A. A. M. , Sharaky I. A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractReinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened in flexure using externally bonded (EB) or near-surface mounted (NSM) fiber-Reinforced Polymers (FRP) and metals have gained considerable interest over the last few decades. As few of the previous review papers concerned with NSM elements or both EB and NSM methods so this paper aimed to review the previous research that handled the behavior of RC beams strengthened by NSM and EB techniques, compared their advantages and disadvantages and reported the future recommendations. Moreover, the review focused on the effect of strengthening materials (metallic and FRP materials), strengthening method, strengthening elements characteristics (shape and area), and any other factors affecting the performance of the strengthened RC beams in each technique. The review demonstrated that the strengthening element’s failure mode significantly affects the RC beams’ load-carrying capacity strengthened by EB or NSM. Moreover, the type of FRP materials and the end anchorage significantly affect the load efficiency of the strengthened RC beams depending on the type of failure mode.
Revealing enhanced X-Ray radiation shielding of 2D layered materials and their laminar heterostructures
Authors: Yu Le , Nine Md J. , Tung Tran T. , Pereira Ana L. C. , Hassan Kamrul , Tran Diana , Santos Alexandre , Losic Dusan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper demonstrates a new concept of using two-dimensional (2D) layered materials and their heterostructures for enhanced X-ray radiation shielding. This phenomenon is revealed by characterization on the X-ray shielding performances of several 2D materials with high atomic numbers (Z), including MoS2, antimonene (Sb), and MXene prepared as multi-layered and heterostructure films by assembly their few-layer sheets. Results showed considerable X-ray shielding enhancement of (40–50%) at 30 kVp for individual 2D multi-layered films compared with their bulk structures of these materials. Furthermore, when these multi-layered films were combined into laminar heterostructures structures (e.g., MoS2 + MXene), further enhancement of 60% was achieved. The mechanism of the observed X-ray shielding enhancement by these multi-layered 2D structures is not clear at this stage. It is postulated to be the result of an additional multiple scattering and reflections of photons between multiple layers of 2D crystals inside the film, which does not occur in their uniform bulk materials. The presented results suggest that multi-layered 2D materials with high atomic numbers (Z) and their laminar heterostructures could offer a new and promising strategy for designing of a new generation of Pb-free radiation-shielding materials, which is urgently needed across broad sectors.
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