bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Augmenting Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Social and Intergroup Anxiety With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
Authors: McDonald Mollie A. , Meckes Samantha J. , Shires Jorja , Berryhill Marian E. , Lancaster Cynthia L. 
Published: November 2023

Objectives
Exposure therapy is a cornerstone of social anxiety treatment, yet not all patients respond. Symptoms in certain social situations, including intergroup (ie, out-group) contexts, may be particularly resistant to treatment. Exposure therapy outcomes may be improved by stimulating neural areas associated with safety learning, such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The mPFC also plays an important role in identifying others as similar to oneself. We hypothesized that targeting the mPFC during exposure therapy would reduce intergroup anxiety and social anxiety.

Methods
Participants (N = 31) with the public speaking subtype of social anxiety received active (anodal) or sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the mPFC during exposure therapy. Exposure therapy consisted of giving speeches to audiences in virtual reality. To target intergroup anxiety, half of the public speaking exposure trials were conducted with out-group audiences, defined in this study as audiences of a different ethnicity.

Results
Contrary to hypotheses, tDCS did not facilitate symptom reduction. Some evidence even suggested that tDCS temporarily increased in-group favoritism, although these effects dissipated at 1-month follow-up. In addition, collapsing across all participants, we found reductions across time for public speaking anxiety and intergroup anxiety.

Conclusions
The data provide evidence that standard exposure therapy techniques for social anxiety can be adapted to target intergroup anxiety. Transcranial direct current stimulation targeting the mPFC may boost safety signaling, but only in contexts previously conditioned to signal safety, such as an in-group context.
SARS-CoV-2 reinfection with Omicron BA.2.75 subvariants in Thai Adults in Thailand
Authors: Assawakosri Suvichada , Sudhinaraset Natthinee , Chansaenroj Jira , Suntronwong Nungruthai , Kanokudom Sitthichai , Nalinpakorn Natach , Tantipraphat Napat , Sethabutra Amica , Honsawek Sittisak , Poovorawan Yong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOmicron subvariants of SARS-CoV-2 may resist vaccine- or infection-induced immunity thereby increasing the risk of reinfections in previously infected persons. This study aimed to investigate the clinical severity and the average time to the onset of Omicron reinfection. This survey study collected clinical data on Omicron reinfection. Information on time of infection, reinfection interval, overall clinical presentation, and severity of infection was reported. The total prevalence of symptoms among 201 participants was significantly higher in the first infection (risk difference (RD), 9.86%; 95% CI, 7.54–12.19]) compared to the second infection, and the hospitalization rate among all participants was significantly lower for the second infection than the primary infection (odds ratio (OR), 6.25; 95% CI, 2.158−24.71). The prevalence of symptoms compared with the first infection with pre-Omicron variants was similar to that of the first infection with the Omicron variant (RD, 2.56%; 95% CI, -6.14–1.01). However, the hospitalization rate for pre-Omicron primary infection was significantly higher (OR, 6.76; 95% CI, 2.87–15.87]) than that observed with Omicron variants. The severity of the primary infection and of a pre-Omicron variant was greater than that of a secondary infection or with an Omicron variant.
ChatGPT Influence on Medical Decision-Making, Bias, and Equity: A Randomized Study of Clinicians Evaluating Clinical Vignettes
Authors: Goh Ethan , Bunning Bryan , Khoong Elaine , Gallo Robert , Milstein Arnold , Centola Damon , Chen Jonathan H 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTIn a randomized, pre-post intervention study, we evaluated the influence of a large language model (LLM) generative AI system on accuracy of physician decision-making and bias in healthcare. 50 US-licensed physicians reviewed a video clinical vignette, featuring actors representing different demographics (a White male or a Black female) with chest pain. Participants were asked to answer clinical questions around triage, risk, and treatment based on these vignettes, then asked to reconsider after receiving advice generated by ChatGPT+ (GPT4). The primary outcome was the accuracy of clinical decisions based on pre-established evidence-based guidelines. Results showed that physicians are willing to change their initial clinical impressions given AI assistance, and that this led to a significant improvement in clinical decision-making accuracy in a chest pain evaluation scenario without introducing or exacerbating existing race or gender biases. A survey of physician participants indicates that the majority expect LLM tools to play a significant role in clinical decision making.
Convergent functional effects of antidepressants in major depressive disorder: a neuroimaging meta-analysis
Authors: Saberi Amin , Ebneabbasi Amir , Rahimi Sama , Sarebannejad Sara , Sen Zumrut Duygu , Graf Heiko , Walter Martin , Sorg Christian , Camilleri Julia A. , Laird Angela R. , Fox Peter T. , Valk Sofie L. , Eickhoff Simon B. , Tahmasian Masoud 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeuroimaging studies have provided valuable insights into the macroscale impacts of antidepressants on brain functions in patients with major depressive disorder. However, the findings of individual studies are inconsistent. Here, we aimed to provide a quantitative synthesis of the literature to identify convergence of the reported findings at both regional and network levels and to examine their associations with neurotransmitter systems.MethodsThrough a comprehensive search in PubMed and Scopus databases, we reviewed 5,258 abstracts and identified 36 eligible functional neuroimaging studies on antidepressant effects in major depressive disorder. Activation likelihood estimation was used to investigate regional convergence of the reported foci of consistent antidepressant effects, followed by functional decoding and connectivity mapping of the convergent clusters. Additionally, utilizing group-averaged data from the Human Connectome Project, we assessed convergent resting-state functional connectivity patterns of the reported foci. Next, we compared the convergent circuit with the circuits targeted by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) therapy. Last, we studied the association of regional and network-level convergence maps with selected neurotransmitter receptors/transporters maps.ResultsNo regional convergence was found across foci of treatment-associated alterations in functional imaging. Subgroup analysis across the Treated > Untreated contrast revealed a convergent cluster in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which was associated with working memory and attention behavioral domains. Moreover, we found network-level convergence of the treatment-associated alterations in a circuit more prominent in the frontoparietal areas. This circuit was co-aligned with circuits targeted by “anti-subgenual” and “Beam F3” TMS therapy. We observed no significant correlations between our meta-analytic findings with the maps of neurotransmitter receptors/transporters.ConclusionOur findings highlight the importance of the frontoparietal network and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the therapeutic effects of antidepressants, which may relate to their role in improving executive functions and emotional processing.
Cell–cell adhesion drives patterning in stratified epithelia
Authors: Mai Yosuke , Kobayashi Yasuaki , Kitahata Hiroyuki , Seo Takashi , Nohara Takuma , Itamoto Sota , Mai Shoko , Kumamoto Junichi , Nagayama Masaharu , Nishie Wataru , Ujiie Hideyuki , Natsuga Ken 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEpithelia consist of proliferating and differentiating cells that often display patterned arrangements. However, the mechanism regulating these spatial arrangements remains unclear. Here, we show that cell–cell adhesion dictates multicellular patterning in stratified epithelia. When cultured keratinocytes, a type of epithelial cell in the skin, are subjected to starvation, they spontaneously develop a pattern characterized by areas of high and low cell density. Pharmacological and knockout experiments show that adherens junctions are essential for patterning, whereas mathematical modeling indicates that cell–cell adhesion alone is sufficient to form regions with high/low cell density. This phenomenon, called cell–cell adhesion-induced patterning (CAIP), influences cell differentiation and proliferation through Yes-associated protein modulation. Starvation, which induces CAIP, enhances the stratification of the epithelia. These findings highlight the intrinsic self-organizing property of epithelial cells and indicate that CAIP modulation might promote wound healing in clinical settings.
A coordinated switch in sucrose and callose metabolism enables enhanced symplastic unloading in potato tubers
Authors: van den Herik Bas , Bergonzi Sara , Li Yingji , Bachem Christian W. , ten Tusscher Kirsten H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOne of the early changes upon tuber induction is the switch from apoplastic to symplastic unloading. Whether and how this change in unloading mode contributes to sink-strength has remained unclear. In addition, developing tubers also change from energy to storage-based sucrose metabolism. Here we investigated the coordination between changes in unloading mode and sucrose metabolism and their relative role in tuber sink strength by looking into callose and sucrose metabolism gene expression combined with a model of apoplastic and symplastic unloading. Decreased callose deposition in tubers is driven by decreased callose synthase activity. Furthermore, changes in callose metabolism and sucrose metabolism are strongly correlated, indicating a well-coordinated developmental switch. Modelling indicates that symplastic unloading is not the most efficient unloading mode per se. Instead, it is the concurrent metabolic switch that provides the physiological conditions necessary to potentiate symplastic transport and thereby enhance tuber sink strength.
Next-Gen Profiling of Tumor-resident Stem Cells using Machine Learning
Authors: Chowdhury Debojyoti , Neekhra Bhavesh , Priyadarshi Shreyansh , Mukherjee Swapnanil , Maity Debashruti , Gupta Debayan , Haldar Shubhasis 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTumor-resident stem cells, also known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), constitute a subgroup within tumors, play a crucial role in fostering resistance to treatment and the recurrence of tumors, and pose significant challenges for conventional therapeutic methods. Existing approaches for identifying CSCs face notable hurdles related to scalability, reproducibility, and technical consistency across different cancer types due to the adaptable nature of CSCs. In this context, we introduce OSCORP, an innovative machine-learning-driven approach. This methodology quantifies and identifies CSCs, achieving almost 99% accuracy using biopsy bulk RNAseq data. OSCORP leverages genetic similarities between normal and cancer stem cells. By categorizing CSCs into four distinct yet dynamic potency states, this approach provides insights into the differentiation landscape of CSCs, unveiling previously undisclosed facets of tumor heterogeneity. In evaluations conducted on patient samples across 22 cancer types, OSCORP revealed clinical, transcriptomic, and immunological signatures associated with each CSC state. It has emerged as a comprehensive tool for understanding and addressing the complexities of cancer stem cells. Ultimately, OSCORP opens up new possibilities for more effective personalized cancer therapies and holds the potential to serve as a clinical tool for monitoring patient-specific CSC changes during treatment or follow-up care.
Spatial characterization and stratification of colorectal adenomas by Deep Visual Proteomics
Authors: Kabatnik Sonja , Post Frederik , Drici Lylia , Snejbjerg Bartels Annette , Strauss Maximilian T , Zheng Xiang , Madsen Gunvor Iben , Mund Andreas , Rosenberger Florian A , Moreira José MA , Mann Matthias 
Published: November 2023

AbstractColorectal adenomas (CRA) are precursor lesions of the colon that may progress to adenocarcinomas, with patients currently categorized into risk groups by morphological features. We aimed to establish a molecular feature-based risk allocation framework towards improved patient stratification. Deep Visual Proteomics (DVP) is a novel approach that combines image-based artificial intelligence with automated microdissection and ultra-high sensitive mass spectrometry. Here we used DVP on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) CRA tissues from nine patients, immunohistologically stained for Caudal-type homeobox 2 (CDX2), a protein implicated in colorectal cancer, enabling the characterization of cellular heterogeneity within distinct tissue regions and across patients. DVP seamlessly integrated with current pathology workflows and equipment, identifying DMBT1, MARCKS and CD99 as correlated with disease recurrence history, making them potential markers of risk stratification. DVP uncovered a metabolic switch towards anaerobic glycolysis in areas of high dysplasia, which was specific for cells with high CDX2 expression. Our findings underscore the potential of spatial proteomics to refine early-stage detection and contribute to personalized patient management strategies and provided novel insights into metabolic reprogramming.
Genetic determinants of blood gene expression and splicing and their contribution to molecular phenotypes and health outcomes
Authors: Tokolyi Alex , Persyn Elodie , Nath Artika P. , Burnham Katie L. , Marten Jonathan , Vanderstichele Thomas , Tardaguila Manuel , Stacey David , Farr Ben , Iyer Vivek , Jiang Xilin , Lambert Samuel A. , Noell Guillaume , Quail Michael A. , Rajan Diana , Ritchie Scott C. , Sun Benjamin B. , Thurston Scott A.J. , Xu Yu , Whelan Christopher D. , Runz Heiko , Petrovski Slavé , Gaffney Daniel J. , Roberts David J. , Angelantonio Emanuele Di , Peters James E. , Soranzo Nicole , Danesh John , Butterworth Adam S. , Inouye Michael , Davenport Emma E. , Paul Dirk S. 
Published: November 2023

SummaryThe biological mechanisms through which most non-protein-coding genetic variants affect disease risk are unknown. To investigate the gene-regulatory cascades that ensue from these variants, we mapped blood gene expression and splicing quantitative trait loci (QTLs) through bulk RNA-sequencing in 4,732 participants, and integrated these data with protein, metabolite and lipid QTLs in the same individuals. We identifiedcis-QTLs for the expression of 17,233 genes and 29,514 splicing events (in 6,853 genes). Using colocalization analysis, we identified 3,430 proteomic and metabolomic traits with a shared association signal with either gene expression or splicing. We quantified the relative contribution of the genetic effects at loci with shared etiology through statistical mediation, observing 222 molecular phenotypes significantly mediated by gene expression or splicing. We uncovered gene-regulatory mechanisms at GWAS disease loci with therapeutic implications, such asWARS1in hypertension,IL7Rin dermatitis andIFNAR2in COVID-19. Our study provides an open-access and interactive resource of the shared genetic etiology across transcriptional phenotypes, molecular traits and health outcomes in humans (https://IntervalRNA.org.uk).
Climate change introduces threatened killer whale populations and conservation challenges to the Arctic
Authors: Garroway Colin J. , de Greef Evelien , Lefort Kyle J. , Thorstensen Matt J. , Foote Andrew D. , Matthews Cory J. D. , Higdon Jeff W. , Kucheravy Caila E. , Petersen Stephen D. , Rosing-Asvid Aqqalu , Ugarte Fernando , Dietz Rune , Ferguson Steven H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Arctic is the fastest-warming region on the planet, and sea ice loss has opened new habitat for sub-Arctic species such as the killer whale (Orcinus orca). As apex predators, killer whales can cause significant ecosystem-scale changes, however, we know very little about killer whales in the Arctic. Setting conservation priorities for killer whales and their Arctic prey species requires knowledge of their evolutionary history and demography. We found that there are two highly genetically distinct, non-interbreeding populations of killer whales using the eastern Canadian Arctic—one population is newly identified as globally distinct. The effective sizes of both populations recently declined, and both are vulnerable to inbreeding and reduced adaptive potential. Furthermore, we present evidence that human-caused mortalities, particularly ongoing harvest, pose an ongoing threat to these populations. The certainty of substantial environmental change in the Arctic complicates conservation and management significantly. Killer whales bring top-down pressure to Arctic food webs, however, they also merit conservation concern. The opening of the Arctic to killer whales exemplifies the magnitude of complex decisions surrounding local peoples, wildlife conservation, and resource management as the effects of climate change are realized.
RAD-seq unravels local adaptation along a latitudinal gradient for the wild riceZizania latifolia
Authors: Wagutu Godfrey Kinyori , Fan Xiangrong , Tengwer Miriam Chepkwemoi , Njeri Henry Kariuki , Li Wei , Chen Yuanyuan 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTThe rapid climate change poses considerable threat to biodiversity by constantly alter-ing species distribution, phenotypic variation and allele frequencies. Understanding the interplay between the climate and species phenotypic and genetic variation is thus cru-cial to inform conservation strategies. In this study, we investigated local adaptation of a widespread aquatic species in China,Zizania latifolia.We performed restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) for 66 wild samples composed of 10 populations, two populations in each of the five major eco-geographical regions of China and 6 cultivated samples derived from three culti-vars found in central China. We assessed genetic diversity and structure, genetic-envi-ronmental association, and genome-wide association studies for the 60 wild samples.Low levels of genetic variability were found in theZ. latifoliapopulations rang-ing fromHE= 0.08 toHE= 1.52. Population structure showed that samples belonged to two major groups, north and south clades, split along a temperature boundary. It was estimated that the two groups diverged during the 8.2kiloyear event and later experi-enced severe genetic bottlenecks with advancement of agriculture and increase in hu-man population some 2k years later.Landscape analysis using SNP and trait data showed that environment was more important in shaping the genetic structure than geography, but the combined effect of environment and geography explained >90% of both genetic and morphological varia-tion. Several loci were found to be correlated with environmental variables as well as morphological traits, most of which were annotated as retrotransposons. Considering the abundance of transposable elements in theZ. latifoliagenome, differentiation and local adaptation was inferred to be partly driven by temperature-induced transposable elements activity.
Architectonic Principles of Polyproline II Helix Bundle Protein Domains
Authors: Rodríguez Cristian Segura , Laurents Douglas V. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGlycine rich polyproline II helix assemblies are an emerging class of natural domains found in several proteins with different functions and diverse origins. The distinct properties of these domains relative to those composed of α-helices and β-sheets could make glycine-rich polyproline II helix assemblies a useful building block for protein design. Whereas the high population of polyproline II conformers in disordered state ensembles could facilitate glycine-rich polyproline II helix folding, the architectonic bases of these structures are not well known. Here, we compare and analyze their structures to uncover common features. These protein domains are found to be highly tolerant of distinct flanking sequences. This speaks to the robustness of this fold and strongly suggests that glycine rich polyproline II assemblies could be grafted with other protein domains to engineer new structures and functions. These domains are also well packed with few or no cavities. Moreover, a significant trend towards antiparallel helix configuration is observed in all these domains and could provide stabilizing interactions among macrodipoles. Finally, extensive networks of Cα-H···O=C hydrogen bonds are detected in these domains. Despite their diverse evolutionary origins and activities, glycine-rich polyproline II helix assemblies share architectonic features which could help design novel proteins.
Overground walking slip perturbations induce frontal plane motion of the trunk – slips are not just a backwards but also a sideways loss of balance
Authors: Lee-Confer Jonathan S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSlip and fall incidents are a serious health care concern globally. Previous research describes a backwards loss of balance during a slip incident, however hip fractures only occur if individuals fall on their side. Therefore, this study is investigating and quantifying the trunk motion in the sagittal and frontal plane. 13 healthy young participants’ trunk kinematics were analyzed during a slip incident. Peak trunk angle of the trunk in the sagittal and frontal plane were calculated. There was no significant difference between sagittal and frontal plane peak trunk angles suggesting that there is frontal plane motion during an overground slip incident. Our findings suggest research should investigate frontal plane mechanics during a slip incident as there is trunk frontal plane motion which if uncontrolled can result in falling on the femoral neck. Understanding and preventing falls based upon frontal plane mechanics may be more useful for preventing hip fractures from a slip incident.Lastly, the findings of this study are confirmatory results as the frontal plane trunk motion was quantified and reported in 2008.