bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical importance of molecular determinations in gynecologic patients with multiple tumors
Authors: Dinjens Winand N. M. , van der Burg Maria E. L. , Chadha Savi , Sleddens Hein F. B. M. , Burger Curt W. , Ewing Patricia C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe prognosis and treatment of patients with multiple tumors may depend on the correlation between tumors: multiple primary tumors, or recurrent tumors, and metastatic disease. The authors investigated whether the detection of molecular aberrations in multiple gynecologic tumors in individual patients provided clinically useful information on the correlation between the tumors.METHODSBetween 1999 and 2001, molecular analyses were performed on tissue from 15 gynecologic patients, all with multiple tumors. The molecular analyses included loss of heterozygosity determinations at eight DNA loci and mutation analyses of p53 exons 5–8 using the single‐strand conformation polymorphism method. Previously, it was not possible to use routine diagnostic histopathology to determine accurately the correlation between multiple lesions in patients with gynecologic malignancies, information that may have an impact on clinical decision‐making and prognosis.RESULTSMolecular results were obtained from all tumors from each of the 15 patients. The DNA alterations detected provided evidence that two patients had second primary tumors, nine patients had a single tumor with metastases, and four patients had two independent primary tumors as well as metastatic disease. The results provided additional diagnostic information and contributed to clinical decision‐making.CONCLUSIONSThe authors demonstrated that, by comparing DNA alterations in multiple tumors within an individual patient, evidence about correlations between the tumors can be obtained. These investigations can be performed on routinely processed tissues, and the results may be of clinical importance in helping to determine the management or prognosis of patients with gynecologic malignancies. Cancer 2003;97:1766–74. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11249
Diagnostic value and prognostic significance of protein S‐100β, melanoma‐inhibitory activity, and tyrosinase/MART‐1 reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction in the follow‐up of high‐risk melanoma patients
Authors: Garbe Claus , Leiter Ulrike , Ellwanger Ulf , Blaheta Hans‐Juergen , Meier Friedegund , Rassner Gernot , Schittek Birgit 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDCutaneous melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin carcinoma in humans, frequently with a rapid progression of disease. To detect early developing metastasis, laboratory tests to determine levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) form part of the regular follow‐up, but often cannot discover recurrent disease at a sufficiently early stage.METHODSTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of protein S‐100β (S‐100β), melanoma‐inhibitory activity (MIA), LDH, AP, and tyrosinase/MART‐1 reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), the authors included 296 consecutive AJCC Stage II or III clinically disease‐free melanoma patients. Follow‐up examinations were performed every 3 months and blood samples were drawn to determine the levels of these tumor markers.RESULTSMetastasis occurred in 41 of the 296 patients during a median follow‐up period of 19 months (range, 1–33 months). The sensitivity to detect new metastases was 29% for protein S‐100β, 22% for MIA, 2% for LDH, 17% for AP, and 24% for RT‐PCR. The diagnostic accuracy was best for MIA (86%) and S‐100β (84%), whereas AP (79%), LDH (77%), and RT‐PCR (72%) demonstrated lower values. Elevated values of S‐100β and MIA during follow‐up examinations were associated with decreased survival rates in the further course of the disease, but pathologic findings of the other tumor markers showed no prognostic impact.CONCLUSIONSTo the authors' knowledge, the current study is the first comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of currently available tumor markers in the follow‐up of high‐risk melanoma patients. Protein S‐100β and MIA demonstrated a higher sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of newly occurring metastasis compared with to the tumor markers AP, LDH, and RT‐PCR diagnostics. Therefore, the tumor markers S‐100β and MIA may be useful in the follow‐up of disease‐free Stage II and III melanoma patients. Cancer 2003;97:1737–45. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11250
Outpatient, sequential, parenteral‐oral antibiotic therapy for lower risk febrile neutropenia in children with malignant disease
Authors: Paganini Hugo , Gómez Sandra , Ruvinsky Silvina , Zubizarreta Pedro , Latella Antonio , Fraquelli Lidia , Iturres Alejandro Santillán , Casimir Lidia , Debbag Roberto 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecent reports and previous randomized trials conducted at the authors' institution suggested that children with lower risk febrile neutropenic (LRFN) may benefit from substitution of oral antibiotic therapy for parenteral therapy. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of parenteral‐oral outpatient therapy in the management of children with LRFN who were receiving treatment for malignant disease.METHODSFrom August 2000 to April 2002, 135 children with a median age of 7.5 years (range, 1.6–15.8 years) who had a total of 177 episodes of LRFN were included in a prospective, randomized, single‐institution trial. Children with LRFN received a single dose of ceftriaxone and amikacin and completed a risk‐assessment work‐up. All patients were discharged immediately and, at 24 hours, were allocated randomly to two groups: Group A (89 episodes) received oral ciprofloxacin, and Group B (88 episodes) received intravenous ceftriaxone.RESULTSMost patients (61% in Group A and 51% in Group B) were receiving treatment for leukemia (P value not significant [NS]). Twenty‐eight children (31%) in Group A and 22 children (25%) in Group B displayed unexplained fever (P value NS). No significant differences in sites of initial infection were found between the two groups. The median duration of neutropenia was 4.2 days and 4.7 days for Group A and Group B, respectively (P value NS); the median duration of fever was 2.3 days and 2.6 days, respectively (P value NS); and the median duration of antibiotic treatment was 4.5 days and 4.8 days, respectively (P value NS). The overall results of the study were excellent. Only four treatment failures in Group A (5%) and 6 treatment failures in Group B (7%) were observed. These patients were readmitted to the hospital and did well with appropriate treatment.CONCLUSIONSIn children with LRFN who are receiving treatment for malignant disease, outpatient oral ciprofloxacin after 24 hours of a single dose of intravenous ceftriaxone and amikacin was as safe and efficacious as parenteral ceftriaxone. Outpatient management and early antibiotic withdrawal were safe for both groups. Cancer 2003;97:1775–80. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11251
Spectroscopic detection and evaluation of morphologic and biochemical changes in early human oral carcinoma
Authors: Müller Markus G. , Valdez Tulio A. , Georgakoudi Irene , Backman Vadim , Fuentes Cesar , Kabani Sadru , Laver Nora , Wang Zimmern , Boone Charles W. , Dasari Ramachandra R. , Shapshay Stanley M. , Feld Michael S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnderstanding the development and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is key in the quest for the early diagnosis and prevention of this type of malignancy. The current study correlated early biochemical and histologic changes in oral tissue with spectral features in fluorescence, reflectance, and light scattering spectra acquired in vivo to diagnose early stages of oral malignancies.METHODSA total of 91 tissue sites from 15 patients with varying degrees of malignancy (normal, dysplastic, and cancerous sites) and 8 healthy volunteers were analyzed with 3 spectroscopic techniques. Direct biochemical information regarding oral tissue native fluorophores was obtained with intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy by fitting a linear combination of collagen and the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) fluorescence spectra to the intrinsic tissue fluorescence spectra excited with 337 nanometer (nm) and 358‐nm laser light. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was used to provide information regarding tissue absorption and structure, such as hemoglobin concentration and stroma density, by measuring the wavelength‐dependent absorption and scattering coefficients. By subtracting the diffusely reflected component from the measured reflectance, light scattering spectroscopy (LSS) information resulting from single backscattering from epithelial cell nuclei was obtained. LSS provides information concerning the size distribution of cell nuclei.RESULTSThese optically extracted tissue parameters provide biochemical or structural information in vivo without the need for tissue excision, and can be used to diagnose tissue abnormalities. By combining the information provided by the three techniques, a method known as trimodal spectroscopy, a sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 96%, respectively, in distinguishing cancerous/dysplastic (mild, moderate, and severe) from normal tissue was achieved. In addition, the authors were able to distinguish dysplastic from cancerous tissue with a sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 90%.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study demonstrated that Trimodal spectroscopy is a highly sensitive and specific technique with which to diagnose tissue abnormalities. Cancer 2003;97:1681–92. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11255
Odorant receptor expression as a function of neuronal maturity in the adult rodent olfactory system
Authors: Iwema Carrie L. , Schwob James E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOdorant receptors (ORs) are expressed in a spatially restricted manner in the mammalian olfactory epithelium (OE), and this patterning probably contributes to innervation specificity within the olfactory bulb (OB). Furthermore, glomerular targeting appears to be contingent on receptor choice. Central to the mechanism by which ORs influence axonal specificity is the timing of OR expression during the life cycle of the olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Data indicate that OSNs express ORs in the absence of the OB but do not address whether OR expression is an early event in OSN differentiation. Accordingly, we evaluated whether ORs are expressed in mature [olfactory marker protein (OMP+)] and/or immature [growth‐associated protein of 43 kDa m.w. (GAP‐43+)] OSNs by assessing the expression of the P2 OR subtype via immunostaining for β‐gal and concurrent OMP or GAP‐43 expression in P2‐IRES‐tauLacZ mice. Nearly 90% of P2+ OSNs expressed OMP, whereas approximately 10% expressed GAP‐43. One month after unilateral bulb ablation, the number of P2+ OSNs decreased on the lesioned side; however, the percent of P2+/GAP‐43+ OSNs dramatically increased. We also determined that onset of P2 OR expression is slightly delayed when evaluated in the context of neuronal differentiation. Additionally, we defined the expression of OR+ OSNs in the OE of rats via in situ hybridization with a panel of eight ORs followed by OMP immunostaining. All eight ORs were found in neurons situated throughout the height of the OE, including those OSNs deep to OMP staining, thus demonstrating definitively that ORs are expressed prior to the maturational state defined by OMP expression. J. Comp. Neurol. 459:209–222, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional organization of vasodilator neurons in pelvic ganglia of female guinea pigs: Comparison with uterine motor neurons
Authors: Jobling Phillip , Gibbins Ian L. , Morris Judy L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNeurons producing vasodilation during reproductive activity constitute a large population of neurons in pelvic autonomic ganglia. We used intracellular recording, dye‐filling and multiple‐labeling immunohistochemistry to determine the morphology and electrophysiological properties of, and number of synaptic inputs to, vasodilator pelvic neurons in female guinea pigs. Vasodilator neurons, identified by their immunoreactivity for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and their location in paracervical ganglia, had simple dendritic arbors (1 primary dendrite) compared with nonvasodilator neurons (3 dendrites). Vasodilator neurons had more depolarized resting membrane potentials (−47 mV) than other paracervical neurons (−55 mV) and had smaller apparent cell capacitances (65 pF vs. 110 pF). Vasodilator and nonvasodilator neurons could not be distinguished on the basis of their action potential discharge characteristics or current voltage relationships. Most pelvic neurons (∼70%) had tonic (slowly adapting) discharges. Fifty‐five percent of vasodilator and 60% of nonvasodilator neurons showed inward rectification when hyperpolarized below −90 mV. Around 65% of neurons showed evidence of M‐current. Both vasodilator and nonvasodilator neurons (∼80%) expressed an A‐like current. Vasodilator neurons and nonvasodilator neurons received 1–2 fast synaptic inputs following stimulation of pelvic or hypogastric nerve trunks. Most neurons received a least one strong synaptic input. These results indicate that vasodilator neurons and neighboring neurons projecting to other pelvic targets, primarily in the myometrium, express a similar range of ionic conductances and integrate few synaptic inputs. The similarities between these two populations of neurons may be related to their coactivation as part of spinal somato‐pelvic reflexes. Vasodilation and uterine contraction during reproductive behavior in female guinea pigs are likely to involve input from preganglionic neurons at both lumbar and sacral spinal levels. J. Comp. Neurol. 459:223–241, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurogranin expression by cerebellar neurons in rodents and non‐human primates
Authors: Singec Ilyas , Knoth Rolf , Ditter Margarethe , Frotscher Michael , Volk Benedikt 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNeurogranin (NG) is a brain‐specific protein kinase C substrate involved in the regulation of calcium signaling and neuronal plasticity. A rostrocaudal expression profile, with large amounts in telencephalic brain regions and low expression levels in phylogenetically older brain structures, was reported previously. In the cerebellum, expression of NG has not been described. By using immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization, we found that NG is expressed in the mouse (C57Bl/6), rat (Wistar), and monkey (Cercopithecus aetiops) cerebella. In the mouse cerebellum, Golgi cells were strongly immunoreactive for NG, whereas other cerebellar neurons were devoid of this protein. Cell counts showed 1.6‐fold more immunopositive Golgi cells in the hemispheres (61.1 ± 8.0 cells/mm2) than in the vermis (37.5 ± 3.3 cells/mm2). Developmental studies showed detectable NG in the mouse cerebellum as early as on postnatal day 10 (P10). In contrast to the mouse, in the rat cerebellum we found only a few Golgi cells containing NG (hemispheres, 2.4 ± 0.5 cells/mm2; vermis, 1.5 ± 0.3 cells/mm2). In the monkey cerebellum, unipolar brush cells, localized in the granular layer, were heavily labeled, whereas Golgi cells were devoid of NG. This study demonstrated that NG is strongly expressed in specific γ‐aminobutyric acidergic neurons in the rodent cerebellum. In addition, NG expression in the primate cerebellum by brush cells, which are excitatory, showed remarkable cell type‐specific and species‐specific expression patterns of a postsynaptic protein mediating calcium signaling mechanisms. J. Comp. Neurol. 459:278–289, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GABA and glutamate in mating‐activated cells in the preoptic area and medial amygdala of male gerbils
Authors: Simmons Danielle A. , Yahr Pauline 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe posterodorsal medial amygdala (MeApd), the posterodorsal preoptic nucleus (PdPN), and the medial cell group of the sexually dimorphic preoptic area (mSDA) contain cells that are activated specifically at ejaculation as assessed by Fos expression. The mSDA also expresses Fos early in the mating context. Because little is known about the neurotransmitters of these activated cells, the possibility that they use γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) or glutamate was assessed. Putative glutamatergic cells were visualized with immunocytochemistry (ICC) for glutamate and its neuron‐specific transporter. Their distributions were compared with those of GABAergic cells visualized with ICC for the 67‐kDa form of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67) and in situ hybridization for GAD67 messenger RNA (mRNA). Colocalization of Fos and GAD67 mRNA in recently mated males indicated that half of the activated cells in the PdPN, mSDA, and lateral MeApd are GABAergic. Colocalization of Fos and glutamate suggested that a quarter of the activated mSDA and lateral MeApd cells are glutamatergic. The PdPN does not appear to have glutamatergic cells. In the lateral MeApd, the percentage of activated cells that are GABAergic (45%) matches the percentage that project to the principal part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST; 43%), and the percentage likely to be glutamatergic (27%) matches the percentage projecting to the mSDA (27%). The latter could help to trigger ejaculation. The distribution of GABAergic and putative glutamatergic cells in the caudal preoptic area, caudal BST, and medial amygdala of male gerbils is also described. J. Comp. Neurol. 459:290–300, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunohistochemical localization of citrullinated proteins in adult rat brain
Authors: Nicholas Anthony P. , King Jeffrey L. , Sambandam Thiagarajan , Echols Joshua D. , Gupta Kiran B. , McInnis Carey , Whitaker John N. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBy using hybridoma technology, an IgM monoclonal antibody (F95) against multiple citrullinated synthetic and natural peptides was recently developed and used to stain immunohistochemically subsets of astrocytes and myelin basic protein (MBP) from selected regions of human brain (Nicholas and Whitaker [2002] Glia 37:328–336). With this antibody, the present study provides a more detailed localization of citrullinated epitopes in the central nervous system (CNS) by examining immunohistochemical staining patterns for F95 in the normal adult rat brain. Thus, immunohistochemical labeling for citrullinated epitopes was seen in white matter areas consistent with myelin staining; however, in general, it was more prominent and uniform in the caudal CNS (spinal cord, medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum) than in more rostral areas. F95 staining was also seen in cells and fibers often intimately associated with blood vessels and/or ventricular surfaces. By using dual‐color immunofluorescence, the vast majority of this latter staining was colocalized within a subset of astrocytes also immunoreactive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). By using Western blot analysis of rat brain proteins, multiple GFAP‐ and MBP‐immunoreactive proteins and peptide fragments were seen, and many of them were also reactive with the F95 antibody. Thus, the present study not only demonstrates that citrullinated epitopes in normal rat brain are most concentrated in subsets of myelin and astrocytes but also provides evidence that GFAP, like MBP, may be present as multiple citrullinated isoforms. J. Comp. Neurol. 459:251–266, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efferent connections of the dorsomedial thalamic nuclei of the domestic chick (Gallus domesticus)
Authors: Montagnese Catherine M. , Mezey Szilvia E. , Csillag András 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSmall iontophoretic injections of the anterograde tracerPhaseolus vulgarisleucoagglutinin were placed in the thalamic anterior dorsomedial nucleus (DMA) of domestic chicks. The projections of the DMA covered the rostrobasal forebrain, ventral paleostriatum, nucleus accumbens, septal nuclei, Wulst, hyperstriatum ventrale, neostriatal areas, archistriatal subdivisions, dorsolateral corticoid area, numerous hypothalamic nuclei, and dorsal thalamic nuclei. The rostral DMA projects preferentially on the hypothalamus, whereas the caudal part is connected mainly to the dorsal thalamus. The DMA is also connected to the periaqueductal gray, deep tectum opticum, intercollicular nucleus, ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra, locus coeruleus, dorsal lateral mesencephalic nucleus, lateral reticular formation, nucleus papillioformis, and vestibular and cranial nerve nuclei. This pattern of connectivity is likely to reflect an important role of the avian DMA in the regulation of attention and arousal, memory formation, fear responses, affective components of pain, and hormonally mediated behaviors. J. Comp. Neurol. 459:301–326, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No further loss of dorsal root ganglion cells after axotomy in p75 neurotrophin receptor knockout mice
Authors: Sørensen Bodil , Tandrup Trine , Koltzenburg Martin , Jakobsen Johannes 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe role of the p75 neurotrophin receptor for neuronal survival after nerve crush was studied in L5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of knockout mice and controls with assumption‐free stereological methods. Numbers of neuronal A‐ and B‐cells were obtained using the optical fractionator and optical disector techniques. At birth, the total number of DRG neurons was 10,000 ± 2,600 in control mice compared with 5,100 ± 1,300 in p75 knockout mice. During postnatal development, 1,400 neuronal B‐cell bodies were lost in p75 knockouts (2P < 0.05) and 1,100 in controls (NS), whereas the A‐cell population remained stable. After a sciatic nerve crush, the total neuron loss in controls was 15.4% ± 3.5% (2P < 0.05) and 22.7% ± 5.1% (2P < 0.05) at days 14 and 42, respectively. In contrast, there was no loss in total number of neurons after crush in p75 knockout mice. Neuronal A‐cell number was unchanged after the crush in p75 knockouts as well as in controls at both times. At 14 days, the population of B‐cells was reduced by 24.8% ± 3.6% in controls and by 6.1% ± 3.5% in p75 knockouts, this difference being significant (2P < 0.001). At 42 days, the B‐cell loss was 29.6% ± 5.5% in controls and 4.2% ± 6.4% in p75 knockouts (2P < 0.001). In conclusion, the lack of the p75 receptor results in neuronal DRG cells that are resistant to nerve injury, pointing to a role for the receptor in apoptosis. J. Comp. Neurol. 459:242–250, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of an Added Iodine Source (C2H5I) on Ru Metal–Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Kim J.J. , Kim M.S. , Yoon D.Y. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe effects of an iodine source (C2H5I) on ruthenium (Ru) films grown on TiN/Ti/Si wafers by metal–organic (MO)CVD using Ru(EtCp)2 as a precursor were investigated. When an additional step of adsorbing iodine source was inserted during the Ru MOCVD process, the films became smoother and the root mean square (rms) surface roughness of the 30 nm thick Ru film became less than 10 % of the film thickness, as low as 1.71 nm. Moreover, the surface reaction‐limited regime was extended to 400 °C, causing a wide process window.
Chemical Vapor Infiltration of Rhenium
Authors: King H.C. , Renier M.C. , Ellzey K.E. , Lackey W.J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractRhenium is of interest as a matrix material and fiber coating for high‐temperature structural composites. Despite prior success in the CVD of rhenium, there have been no studies on the chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) of this metal. The current work investigates the CVI of rhenium via the pyrolytic decomposition of ReCl5, prepared both by chlorination of rhenium metal and the sublimation of ReCl5. The feasibility of the CVI of rhenium was demonstrated for both methods. Statistical analyses showed that the amount of rhenium deposited increased for higher chlorine flow rates and lower preform temperatures, 750 °C vs. 900 °C, for the chlorination and sublimation processes, respectively.