bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supervised machine learning for exploratory analysis in family research
Authors: Sun Xiaoran 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis article introduces supervised machine learning (ML) for conducting exploratory, discovery‐oriented family research in a transparent and systematic way.BackgroundSupervised ML can examine large numbers of variable simultaneously, identify key predictors, and explore patterns among predictors—an approach that may help address concerns in family research about lack of theoretical specificity and prevalence of unguided exploratory analysis.MethodFollowing an overview of supervised ML, example analyses drew on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) dataset across Waves I–IV (N = 5114 adolescents, 50.53% female, Mage = 15.94, SD = 1.77 at Wave I). From 143 articles using Add Health data Waves I through IV, 62 adolescent family variables from eight domains (e.g., socioeconomics, parenting, health) were identified as predictors of young adult (ages 24–32) educational attainment. Following benchmark regression models, ML models were trained using Lasso regression, decision tree, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting; these were tested separately from training data and interpreted through SHapley Additive exPlanations.ResultsThe random forest model performed best (R2 = .382 for the model with all the predictors): 14 variables were identified to be the key predictors of educational attainment. Patterns among these predictors, including directionality, nonlinearity and interactions emerged.ConclusionsSupervised ML research can be used to inform further confirmatory analyses and advance theory.
Implementing Comprehensive Sex and Sexuality Education in Kindergarten—Grade 12 Schools: Guiding Practices and Examples
Authors: Moore Mikaela , Balascio Phoebe , Bonner‐Johnson Tausha , Garth José , Brinkman Britney , Hill Ashley V. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundComprehensive sex and sexuality education (CSE) is an evidence‐based intervention associated with improved sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Currently, there are no standardized requirements for sex and sexuality education in the United States, despite expert recommendations.Contributions to TheoryIn the United States, a Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child theoretical model proposed by the Centers for Disease Control, and current examples of school sex education policy is used to make recommendations for the standardization of comprehensive sexual health education in K‐12 schools. This article describes the necessary components to adopt CSE equitably, and provides an example of the process implemented to improve CSE in 1 school district in Pittsburgh, PA.Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and EquityUnderstanding the key components of legislation that align with recommended standards, and the process of advocating for school policy change, allows local advocacy groups and education policymakers to create and pass feasible legislation that will ensure appropriate instruction. There is additional room for improvement in states and local districts that have current CSE legislation, to adopt approaches grounded in frameworks that critically evaluate social determinants of health and amend legislation to further improve health equity.ConclusionsSeveral states and local districts have passed CSE regulations, and are implementing and evaluating their efficacy, providing support and examples for other regions interested in adopting similar policies and processes. Pittsburgh Public Schools can be used as an example adapting current legislation and adopting more comprehensive language.
Efficacy and tolerance of oral versus parenteral cyanocobalamin supplement in hypocobalaminaemic dogs with chronic enteropathy: a controlled randomised open‐label trial
Authors: Dor C. , Nixon S. , Salavati Schmitz S. , Bazelle J. , Černá P. , Kilpatrick S. , Harvey N. D. , Dunning M. 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesDetermine comparative tolerance of daily oral and weekly parenteral cobalamin supplementation, in hypocobalaminaemic dogs with chronic enteropathy. Determine whether oral is as effective as parenteral supplementation at achieving eucobalaminaemia, in hypocobalaminaemic dogs with protein‐losing enteropathy, severe hypocobalaminaemia or high canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index at inclusion.Materials and MethodsThirty‐seven client‐owned dogs with hypocobalaminaemia and clinical signs of chronic enteropathy were prospectively enrolled in three UK referral centres. Dogs were randomly allocated to daily oral for 12 weeks or weekly parenteral cobalamin supplementation for 6 weeks and one additional dose 4 weeks later. Serum cobalamin, body condition score, canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index and bodyweight were assessed at inclusion, weeks 7 and 13. Serum methylmalonic acid concentration was evaluated at inclusion and at week 13. Owners completed treatment adherence, palatability, tolerance and satisfaction questionnaires at week 13.ResultsNineteen dogs completed the study. All dogs orally supplemented achieved normal or increased cobalaminaemia at weeks 7 and 13. There was no statistical difference in cobalamin concentration at week 13 in dogs treated with oral or parenteral supplementation, regardless of presence of protein‐losing enteropathy, severity of hypocobalaminaemia or canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index at inclusion. Serum methylmalonic acid concentration was not significantly different between oral and parenteral groups, neither were treatment adherence, satisfaction, and tolerance scores at week 13.Clinical SignificanceOral is as effective and as well‐tolerated as parenteral cobalamin supplementation in hypocobalaminaemic dogs with chronic enteropathy and severe clinical or biochemical phenotypes, and should be considered as a suitable treatment option regardless of disease severity.
Eating disorders in narcolepsy type 1: Evidence from a cross‐sectional Italian study
Authors: Baldini Valentina , Venezia Noemi , Iriti Anna , Quattrocchi Silvia , Zenesini Corrado , Biscarini Francesco , Atti Anna Rita , Menchetti Marco , Franceschini Christian , Varallo Giorgia , De Ronchi Diana , Plazzi Giuseppe , Pizza Fabio 
Published: February 2024

SummaryNarcolepsy type 1 is a chronic central disorder of hypersomnolence, and it is frequently accompanied by overweight, but the association between narcolepsy type 1 and eating disorders is controversial. Our study aims to compare patients with narcolepsy type 1 and controls on the symptomatology of eating disorders and to evaluate the association between clinical factors. This is a cross‐sectional study, with consecutive recruitment of patients with narcolepsy type 1 attending the Outpatient Clinic for Narcolepsy at the IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (Italy) for routine follow‐up visits. Healthy subjects from general populations were recruited as controls. Patients underwent a questionnaire‐based assessment using the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q), Binge Eating Scale (BES), Italian Night Eating Questionnaire (I‐NEQ), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Narcolepsy Severity Scale (NSS). One hundred and thirty‐eight patients with narcolepsy type 1 and 162 controls were enrolled. This study showed that individuals with narcolepsy type 1 reported higher scores on the EDE‐Q, I‐NEQ, and a higher body mass index (BMI) than the controls. The logistic regression analysis results, with EDE‐Q positivity as a dependent variable, demonstrate a significant association with antidepressant drugs, female sex, and the use of sodium oxybate. We found an association between antidepressant drug consumption, the NSS total score, and female sex with BES positivity as the dependent variable. The logistic regression analysis for I‐NEQ positivity found an association with antidepressant drug use. This study shows that patients with narcolepsy type 1 frequently present with comorbid eating disorder symptomatology, mainly night eating syndrome. Investigating the possible presence of eating disorders symptomatology through questionnaires is fundamental during the assessment of patients with narcolepsy type 1.
Effects of obstructive sleep apnea treatment on neurodegenerative biomarker neurofilament light chain and cognitive performance
Authors: Sehr Tony , Akgün Katja , Benkert Pascal , Kuhle Jens , Ziemssen Tjalf , Brandt Moritz D. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea is associated with cognitive impairment and increased risk for neurodegenerative diseases. Obstructive sleep apnea treatment with positive airway pressure therapy helps to improve cognitive symptoms and reduces long‐term dementia risk. To test whether these treatment effects are due to a reduction in neuronal damage, we examined longitudinal changes in the neurodegenerative serum neurofilament light chain and cognitive performance of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. In this study, 17 patients with obstructive sleep apnea completed baseline and follow‐up (9 month after starting PAP treatment) investigation of sleep, daytime symptoms, cognitive testing and serum neurofilament light chain measurements. Depending on treatment adherence and efficacy, participants were assigned either to the effective treatment (n = 10) or non‐effective treatment group (n = 7). As results at baseline lower mean oxygen saturation during sleep was associated with higher serum neurofilament light chain. Patients in the non‐effective treatment group showed a significant increase of age‐adjusted percentile of serum neurofilament light chain levels at follow‐up, whereas serum neurofilament light chain values remained constant in the effective treatment group. At a functional level, effective treatment leads to an improvement in processing speed, which was not the case in the non‐effective treatment group. Longitudinal changes of age‐adjusted serum neurofilament light chain levels were associated with changes in cognitive performance. To conclude, this longitudinal observational study showed that effective obstructive sleep apnea treatment positively affects the amount of neuronal damage as well as working memory performance. As cognitive symptoms might not only be attributed to obstructive sleep apnea‐related sleep deficiency, but also neurodegeneration, our results underline the importance of treatment adherence and efficacy for the prevention of neuronal damage and cognitive consequences.
On the Uses of Phenomenology in Sociological Research: A Typology, some Criticisms and a Plea
Authors: Raza Sebastian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to discern, clarify, criticise, and advocate some uses of phenomenology in sociological research. Phenomenology is increasingly evoked or implicitly employed in sociological endeavours. Little attention, however, is paid to what is entailed in taking a phenomenological approach, and whether it is employed to advance empirical or theoretical knowledge. I build an analytic typology of different empirical and theoretical uses of phenomenology, criticise a range of these uses, and argue that other uses bear significant potential for the advancement of theoretical and empirical knowledge. The paper's main contribution lies in comparing and contrasting the many invocations of phenomenology in contemporary social scientific research to discern their benefits and shortcomings.
Candidate circulating microRNA biomarkers in dogs with chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Armstrong Susan K. , Hunter Robert W. , Oosthyuzen Wilna , Parys Maciej , Gow Adam G. , Schmitz Silke Salavati , Dear James W. , Mellanby Richard J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPancreatitis is an important cause of disease and death in dogs. Available circulating biomarkers are not sufficiently sensitive and specific for a definitive diagnosis.HypothesisCirculating microRNAs would be differentially expressed in dogs with chronic pancreatitis and could have potential as diagnostic biomarkers.AnimalsHealthy controls (n = 19) and dogs with naturally occurring pancreatitis (n = 17).MethodsA retrospective case‐control study. Dogs with pancreatitis were included if they satisfied diagnostic criteria for pancreatitis as adjudicated by 3 experts. MicroRNA was extracted from stored serum samples and sequenced. Reads were mapped to mature microRNA sequences in the canine, mouse, and human genomes. Differentially expressed microRNAs were identified and the potential mechanistic relevance explored using Qiagen Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA).ResultsReads mapping to 196 mature microRNA sequences were detected. Eight circulating microRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in dogs with pancreatitis (≥2‐fold change and false discovery rate <0.05). Four of these mapped to the canine genome (cfa‐miR‐221, cfa‐miR‐222, cfa‐miR‐23a, and cfa‐miR‐205). Three mapped to the murine genome (mmu‐miR‐484, mmu‐miR‐6240, mmu‐miR‐101a‐3p) and 1 to the human genome (hsa‐miR‐1290). Expression in dogs with pancreatitis was higher for 7 microRNAs and lower for mmu‐miR‐101a‐3p. Qiagen IPA demonstrated a number of the differently expressed microRNAs are involved in a common pancreatic inflammatory pathway.ConclusionsThe significantly differentially expressed microRNAs represent promising candidates for further validation as diagnostic biomarkers for canine pancreatitis.
Effects of microalgae diets on growth, proximate, and fatty acid composition of black mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis
Authors: Eryalçın Kamil Mert , Pınarbaşı Zeynep Sena , Turk Sare Sena , Tınkır Merve 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study evaluates the growth, proximate, and fatty acid composition of black mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis fed four marine microalgae (Pavlova lutheri, Nannochloropsis oculata, Diacronema vlkianum and Rhinomonas reticulata) diets for 21 days. Black mussel is a common bivalve species that has been recognized as important for marine aquaculture with increasing production in the last two decades. The mussel group fed N. oculata showed a significantly lower survival rate than the other groups (p < 0.05). Shell height, length, and width of mussels were measured. The height and length of the mussel group fed N. oculata were statistically higher than other experimental groups (p < 0.05). Shell width did not show any significant differences among groups (p > 0.05). The microalgae N. oculata showed the highest protein content whereas P. lutheri had the highest crude lipid content among dietary treatments. The group fed P. lutheri showed significantly higher protein, lipid, and ash contents among experimental groups (p < 0.05). The D. vlkianum diet enhanced the highest docosahexaenoic acid level in black mussels. Black mussel fed P. lutheri showed the highest eicosapentaenoic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid levels. Arachidonic acid was found to be similar among experimental groups. In our study, P. lutheri and D. vlkianum had outstanding results on survival, growth, and essential fatty acid accumulation in mussel culture.
Firm heterogeneity and the aggregate labour share
Authors: Richiardi Matteo G. , Valenzuela Luis 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe propose a model‐based decomposition method for the aggregate labour share in terms of the first moments of the joint distribution of total factor productivity, market power, wages and prices, and apply it to UK manufacturing using firm‐level data for 1998–2014. Contrary to a narrative focussing on increasing disparities between firms, the observed decline in the aggregate labour share over the period is driven entirely by the decline in the labour share of the representative firm, mostly due to an increasing disconnect between average productivity and real wages. Changes in the dispersion of firm‐level variables have contributed to slightly contain this decline.
Iran's Strategies in Response To Changes in US‐China Relations
Authors: Bazoobandi Sara 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe dynamics of the relationship between the United States and China have been shifting. This has prompted changes in strategic calculus and policy adoption by the friends and foes of each side. Iran, given its decades‐long links with China, has made several. First, it has deepened its ties with the Asian power beyond collaboration in business and trade. Second, it has revised its policies in the Gulf region to be a part of what it sees as China's network of influence, hoping to better position itself in a multilateral global order. Third, it has been seeking opportunities to project power through showing off its military capabilities in Ukraine. This article examines these strategic responses and concludes that Iran has been pursuing an agenda in line with the world vision of its senior leaders. The end goal for Tehran is to gain more power and relevance in the global strategic calculus. This analysis is part of a special issue examining the responses of Gulf countries to rising Sino‐American competition, edited by Andrea Ghiselli, Anoushiravan Ehteshami, and Enrico Fardella.
Academic hoaxes
Authors: Sneddon Andrew 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhat are academic hoaxes, and what should we make of them? This paper argues that academic hoaxes are exercises in pretense, with a complex structure involving both a focal item and a self‐revealing dimension, all governed by attitudes about the relevant sort of academic work, that are derivative yet different from the attitudes found in normal participation in publication. Hoaxes done primarily for humorous purposes are unproblematic. Serious academic hoaxes are both inherently risky and poorly suited to accomplish their ends, making them an undesirable feature of the contemporary academic landscape.
Modeling cerebrovascular responses to assess the impact of the collateral circulation following middle cerebral artery occlusion
Authors: Zhao Erin , Barber Jared , Mathew‐Steiner Shomita S. , Khanna Savita , Sen Chandan K. , Arciero Julia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveAn improved understanding of the role of the leptomeningeal collateral circulation in blood flow compensation following middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion can contribute to more effective treatment development for ischemic stroke. The present study introduces a model of the cerebral circulation to predict cerebral blood flow and tissue oxygenation following MCA occlusion.MethodsThe model incorporates flow regulation mechanisms based on changes in pressure, shear stress, and metabolic demand. Oxygen saturation in cerebral vessels and tissue is calculated using a Krogh cylinder model. The model is used to assess the effects of changes in oxygen demand and arterial pressure on cerebral blood flow and oxygenation after MCA occlusion.ResultsAn increase from five to 11 leptomeningeal collateral vessels was shown to increase the oxygen saturation in the region distal to the occlusion by nearly 100%. Post‐occlusion, the model also predicted a loss of autoregulation and a decrease in flow to the ischemic territory as oxygen demand was increased; these results were consistent with data from experiments that induced cerebral ischemia.ConclusionsThis study highlights the importance of leptomeningeal collaterals following MCA occlusion and reinforces the idea that lower oxygen demand and higher arterial pressure improve conditions of flow and oxygenation.
Nurses' attitudes towards factors determining the safety of patients treated in intensive care units: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Malinowska‐Lipień Iwona , Sasak Paulina , Gabryś Teresa , Kózka Maria , Gniadek Agnieszka , Lompart Łukasz , Brzostek Tomasz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe goal of health care systems is to ensure high quality of medical services provided, including patient safety. The intensive care unit (ICU) is an environment conducive to the occurrence of adverse events and medical errors because of the complexity of the care provided, the severity of the conditions of patients treated in these units and work often performed under stressful conditions.AimAssessment of attitudes of nurses working in ICUs towards patient safety.Study DesignA cross‐sectional, descriptive study was conducted in a group of 214 nurses employed in ICUs in hospitals located in the southern part of Poland. The study used the Polish version of the Attitudes towards safety: (SAQ‐SF PL) questionnaire and an original questionnaire consisting of questions on socio‐demographic and professional data.ResultsThe overall SAQ score for the whole group was 61.89, 57.29 for adult ICU nurses and 68.20 for children's ICU. The surveyed nurses in general obtained the highest average results in terms of teamwork climate (TC)—66.92, while the lowest scores were given to the management—hospital management (PM)—45.08 and working conditions (WC)—57.56. job satisfaction (JS) positively correlated with the assessment of the TC, the assessment of the safety climate (SC), the assessment of the management staff (Head of Department) (PM), the assessment of the management staff (hospital management) (PM) and the assessment of work conditions (WC). A statistically significant, negative correlation was found between the assessment of JS and the assessment of stress recognition (SR) (r = −.20; p < .01).ConclusionsIn the surveyed ICU branches, there is a low SC, and it is related, among others, to the perception of WC and the role of the management staff. The level of JS among nursing staff mainly depends on the SC, the TC, WC and the support of the management staff.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe results of the research presented here provide valuable assistance in identifying areas related to patient safety in ICUs. Managers' awareness of the importance of coping with occupational stress, WC or effective teamwork can help to improve staff attitudes and attitudes towards patient safety. When shaping a safe culture in a health care organization, it is important to remember that ensuring safe patient care is not only about programmes, standards or procedures, but safety is primarily about human resources—the staff involved in the treatment process—doctors, nurses, paramedics and physiotherapists. High awareness of safety at work, cooperation in an interdisciplinary team, assessment of safety culture at work and analysis and drawing conclusions may result in a real increase in quality and safety, and the patient will feel safer in ‘XX’ hospitals.