bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substitution of Nitrogen and Phosphorous by Bio-Inoculants and Their Effect on Growth Parameters, Yield Attributes and Yield of Barley
Authors: Tiwari Abhishek Kumar , Mishra Ashutosh , Mishra U. S. , Sirothia Pawan , Singh Opendra Kumar , Jendre Anisha 
Published: October 2023

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2022-2023 at Rajoula Agriculture farm, of Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya Chitrakoot, Satna (M.P.). The present experiment having 13 treatment combinations replicated thrice in randomized block design. Barley variety HUV-113 was grown with recommended agronomic practices. On the basis of the results emanated from present investigation, it could be concluded that application of T11 [100 % N & P + PSB + Azotobacter + 100 % K] significantly recorded maximum growth parameters of barley such as plant population plot-1 (41.56 m-2), plant height (91.78 cm), and number of tillers (87.74) and maximum yield attributing characters such as no. of spike (73.38 m-2), spike weight plant-1 (51.20), number of spikelet (256.19) and test weight (45.76 g). Similarly highest grain yield (40.19 q ha-1) and straw yield (62.71 q ha-1), with application of treatment T11 [100 % N & P + PSB + Azotobacter + 100 % K] in comparison to all the treatments. While minimum value of all the growth parameters, yield components and yield were associated with the treatment T1 [Control].
Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Aquatic Macroinvertebrates in Relation to Selected Environmental Parameters along Nairobi River, Kenya
Authors: Ndichu Naomi Nyambura , Tela Samuel Abuyeka , Fred Okeyo , Makokha Mary , Kweyu Raphael 
Published: October 2023

Aquatic diversity in riverine ecosystems is threatened by the intensification of unsustainable human actions in the river catchment areas. Nairobi River is one of the global wetlands that is experiencing high levels of degradation and this has a detrimental effect on the community's livelihood. The study aimed to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of aquatic macro invertebrates in relation to some environmental parameters in the Nairobi River watershed in Kenya. The study objectives were: to find out macroinvertebrates' diversity in the Nairobi River; to investigate selected water quality parameters in rainy and dry periods along the river; and to analyze the spatial distribution of macroinvertebrates in relation to selected water quality parameters. During the dry days, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, turbidity nitrates, and phosphates had significant differences (P ˂0.05 and F˃1). In the same period, macroinvertebrates were higher in the middle course 1 section of the river (mean 657.00) and in the middle course 2 section (mean 588.00) to upper and lower sections. However, there was no significant difference (P > .05) in the sites. Similarly, during the wet days, macroinvertebrates were noted to be higher in the middle course 2 areas (mean 168) and middle course 1 (mean 155). However, the number of macroinvertebrates was not significantly different (P > .05). Animals such as midge larvae and pupa, aquatic earthworms and mosquito larvae were highly tolerant to pollution due to adaptations to survival while others such as water penny, gilled snails, fingernail clam were sensitive to pollution thus they survived in very few sections of the river and in small numbers. The study recommends the need to conserve the river watershed as well as restore degraded river sections to guarantee the continued future provision of ecosystem services to the adjacent urban river communities and improve the river's biological integrity.
Barriers to access to psychiatric medications in Missouri county jails
Authors: Burval Jessica K. , Iuppa Courtney A. , Kriz Carrie R. , Lang Shelby E. , Nelson Leigh Anne , Gramlich Nicole A. , Elliott Ellie S. R. , Sommi Roger W. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Objectives of this study were to characterize barriers to receiving psychiatric medications for people who are incarcerated, to compare barriers before competency restoration to those after competency restoration, and to characterize psychiatric medication formularies.

Methods
A survey of county jails in Missouri was completed between October 2021 and February 2022. Survey questions were answered by medical department personnel, nurses, or a person responsible for medication oversight. Formularies were requested.

Results
Of 97 jails contacted, 51 completed the survey (53%). Most jails allowed patients to supply their own medications and reported they were “often” or “always” able to continue home medications. Inability to provide home medications was frequently attributed to cost. Notably, only 57% of jails were able to provide long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIA), 22% charged a fee for administration of medications, and 31% would not adjust medication times based on food requirements. No major differences existed precompetency and postcompetency for any question.

Discussion
Jail policies varied; thus, medication access for patients should be approached at the individual level. Potential areas to target to improve access are medication administration times, LAIA access, and removal of medication administration fees.
Efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy in chronic insomnia: A review of clinical guidelines and case reports
Authors: Del Rio Verduzco Alejandro , Salari Ahva , Haghparast Parna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Chronic insomnia affects 5% to 10% of the US population, increasing the demand for treatment options and the corresponding research to prove their validity.1 This review compares recommendations from 3 clinical guidelines and summarizes hypnotic medications, including their newly reported side effects not mentioned in the guidelines. In addition, we aim to provide an overview of what pharmacotherapies are available for prescribers and patients.

Methods
A literature search was conducted for articles published prior to January 10, 2022, and case reports and clinical studies were retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar.

Results
Definitive conclusions cannot be drawn regarding the safety and efficacy of medications reviewed; however, trends are apparent. All 3 guidelines included in this review remarked most treatment recommendations as weak except for cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, which is effective but not readily available. Furthermore, based on the 15 case reports and 13 clinical studies presented in this review, many of the medications used for treatment of insomnia present safety concerns.

Discussion
Benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine receptor agonists are commonly used hypnotic agents with the “Z-drugs” having robust data establishing their efficacy for the short-term treatment of chronic insomnia. However, significant adverse effects related to the central nervous system (CNS), including developing tolerance, addiction, CNS depression, and amnesia, remain barriers to their long-term use. In comparison, newer agents present more favorable side-effect profiles although with less established efficacy. Additionally, off-label agents, including antidepressants, antihistamines, and natural supplements, are discussed due to their prominent use.
Patients’ Perspectives on Axial Pain in Relation to Inflammation and Structural Damage in a Large Cohort of Axial Spondyloarthritis Patients
Authors: Kampman Anne , Wink Freke , Paap Davy , Carbo Marlies , Siderius Mark , Kieskamp Stan , Maas Fiona , Spoorenberg Anneke , Arends Suzanne 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore to what extent patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) link experienced pain in the neck, back, and hips to inflammation and/or structural damage.MethodsPatients from the Groningen Leeuwarden Axial Spondyloarthritis (GLAS) cohort visiting the outpatient clinic between 2016 and 2019 filled out two additional questions in relation to the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) question 2: (1) “To what extent do you think the pain you experience in your neck, back, and hips is related to inflammation caused by axSpA?” and (2) “To what extent do you think the pain you experience in your neck, back, and hips is related to damage of the spine and joints caused by axSpA?” Answers had to be depicted on a numeric rating scale from 0 (none) to 10 (very much); a difference of ≥2 points between the scores of these questions was considered clinically relevant in favor of the highest scoring question.ResultsA total of 688 patients with axSpA (24% with nonradiographic axSpA [nr‐axSpA]) were included (62% male, mean ± SD age 48 ± 14 years, and mean ± SD Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score [ASDAS] 2.3 ± 1.0). Seventy‐five percent of patients could not link the origin of their pain, 15% linked axial pain predominantly to inflammation, and 10% linked axial pain predominantly to damage. Patients in the inflammation group were younger, had shorter symptom duration, were more frequently diagnosed with nr‐axSpA, had higher ASDASCRP, had more often elevated CRP levels, had fewer comorbidities, had better spinal mobility, and had less spinal radiographic damage.ConclusionIn our large observational cohort, the majority of patients with axSpA could not differentiate the origin of experienced axial pain. If patients were able to link axial pain to clinical inflammation or damage, it was in concordance with clinical assessments and radiographic outcome, which may be helpful in establishing the origin of pain and supporting better patient‐centered treatment decisions.
Luspatercept stimulates erythropoiesis, increases iron utilization, and redistributes body iron in transfusion‐dependent thalassemia
Authors: Garbowski Maciej W. , Ugidos Manuel , Risueño Alberto , Shetty Jeevan K. , Schwickart Martin , Hermine Olivier , Porter John B. , Thakurta Anjan , Vodala Sadanand 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLuspatercept, a ligand‐trapping fusion protein, binds select TGF‐β superfamily ligands implicated in thalassemic erythropoiesis, promoting late‐stage erythroid maturation. Luspatercept reduced transfusion burden in the BELIEVE trial (NCT02604433) of 336 adults with transfusion‐dependent thalassemia (TDT). Analysis of biomarkers in BELIEVE offers novel physiological and clinical insights into benefits offered by luspatercept. Transfusion iron loading rates decreased 20% by 1.4 g (~7 blood units; median iron loading rate difference: −0.05 ± 0.07 mg Fe/kg/day, p< .0001) and serum ferritin (s‐ferritin) decreased 19.2% by 269.3 ± 963.7 μg/L (p < .0001), indicating reduced macrophage iron. However, liver iron content (LIC) did not decrease but showed statistically nonsignificant increases from 5.3 to 6.7 mg/g dw. Erythropoietin, growth differentiation factor 15, soluble transferrin receptor 1 (sTfR1), and reticulocytes rose by 93%, 59%, 66%, and 112%, respectively; accordingly, erythroferrone increased by 51% and hepcidin decreased by 53% (all p < .0001). Decreased transfusion with luspatercept in patients with TDT was associated with increased erythropoietic markers and decreasing hepcidin. Furthermore, s‐ferritin reduction associated with increased erythroid iron incorporation (marked by sTfR1) allowed increased erythrocyte marrow output, consequently reducing transfusion needs and enhancing rerouting of hemolysis (heme) iron and non‐transferrin‐bound iron to the liver. LIC increased in patients with intact spleens, consistent with iron redistribution given the hepcidin reduction. Thus, erythropoietic and hepcidin changes with luspatercept in TDT lower transfusion dependency and may redistribute iron from macrophages to hepatocytes, necessitating the use of concomitant chelator cover for effective iron management.
Tandem Photooxidation/Acetalization of Alcohols to Acetals/Ketals with Sulfur‐doped Carbon Nitride
Authors: Khan Muhammad Abdullah , Hussain Atarad , Teixeira Ivo F. , Al‐Humaidi Jehan Y. , Hafeez Muhammad , Liaqat Faroha 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSelective chemical synthesis using visible light is challenging. Herein we present photooxidation and subsequent acetalization of alcohols in tandem with high selectivity employing sulfur‐doped polymeric carbon nitride (CNS) under mild conditions. Distinctive electronic structure of CNS allows it to efficiently catalyze the oxidation of alcohols and subsequent acetalization of the obtained products with primary alcohols introduced at the outset. The process is green, utilizes visible light and air, and has a broad substrate scope with good activity and selectivity. Catalytic system works without any significant loss in activity after multiple reaction cycles, offers a sustainable way to produce a variety of acetals/ketals for green synthesis applications.
Exploring the role of university education in reducing the appeal of right‐wing populism
Authors: Manning Nathan , Stefanovic Djordje 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhy are university‐educated ethnic majority men less likely to support right‐wing populism (RWP) than those without university education? To investigate this under‐researched question, we conducted an exploratory study using semistructured interviews and thematic analysis with white Australian men from different socioeconomic backgrounds. While some with university education supported RWP, their views aligned with a moderate version of the ideology. Student/graduate supporters of RWP were opposed to hiring practices designed to support gender and ethnic equity. Students/graduates who experienced contact with Others were generally more positive about diversity, but this was not always the case for non‐university participants. While students/graduates with RWP leanings tended to see university as a politically biased institution, concerns about political correctness were widespread across the sample. Significantly, numerous students/graduates experienced university education as promoting a pluralist outlook, and this outlook appears fundamentally incompatible with the monist tendencies of RWP ideology. However, findings also suggest that university education is not the only route to a pluralist outlook, nor does it always lead to a rejection of RWP. Hence, developing a pluralist outlook may be more important than university education in reducing the appeal of RWP. The implications of these exploratory findings for future research are discussed.
Understanding the heterogeneous immune repertoire of brain metastases for designing next‐gen therapeutics
Authors: Wang Zongjie , Chen Kangfu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractApproximately 20% of cancer patients experience brain metastases in the advanced stages as circulating tumor cells migrate to and colonize the brain microvasculature. Due to the challenges associated with biopsies, our understanding of the tumor microenvironment and heterogeneity in brain metastases remains limited, hindering the development of systemic approaches for detection and treatment. Emerging evidence suggests that specific brain metastases induce a substantial level of immune activation and infiltration, which provides an opportunity to design specific immunotherapies targeting brain metastases. This perspective aims to summarize recent advancements in molecular profiling of the immune repertoires of brain metastases using biopsy‐based approaches, with an emphasis on tumor‐reactive T cells. Additionally, we discuss the potential of alternative tissues and technologies that offer improved temporal resolution, throughput, and fidelity for tracking tumor dynamics.
A Multi‐Pyridine‐Anchored and ‐Linked Bilayer Photocathode for Water Reduction
Authors: Tang Kun , Shao Jiang‐Yang , Zhong Yu‐Wu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe development of efficient photocathodes is of critical importance for the constructions of promising tandem photo‐electrochemical cells. Most known dye‐sensitized photocathodes are prepared with the conventional carboxylic or phosphonic acid anchors and require the presence of other terminal linking groups to connect catalysts; they suffer from high synthetic difficulty and low adsorption stability in aqueous media. Here, a compact bilayer photocathode has been prepared by using a pyrene‐based photosensitizer with multiple terminal pyridine moieties as both the anchoring and linking groups to connect a Co hydrogen‐evolution catalyst to the NiO substrate. The catalyst and dye molecule are assembled in a layer‐by‐layer manner on NiO through the metal‐pyridine coordination. This photocathode exhibits good dye adsorption stability in aqueous media. A stable cathodic photocurrent of 70 μA cm−2 was achieved, with H2 being generated at the photocathode under the visible‐light irradiation. The Faraday efficiency of H2 evolution was estimated to be 9.1 %. Transient absorption spectral studies suggest that the interfacial hole transfer occurs within a few picoseconds. The integration of the organic photosensitizer with pyridine anchoring and linking groups is expected to provide a simple method for the fabrication of stable and efficient photocathodes.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Switchable [4 + 1] and [4 + 1 + 1] Spirocyclization of Aromatic Amides with 2‐Diazo‐1H‐indene‐1,3(2H)‐dione: Access to Spiro Indene‐2,1'‐isoindolinones and Spiro Isochroman‐3,1'‐isoindolinones
Authors: Li Bin , Xie Mengmeng , Li Jingyu , Shen Nana , Zhang Xinying , Fan Xuesen 
Published: October 2023

Comprehensive SummaryHerein, we report a condition‐controlled divergent synthesis of spiro indene‐2,1'‐isoindolinones and spiro isochroman‐3,1'‐isoindolinones through cobalt‐catalyzed formal [4 + 1] and [4 + 1 + 1] spirocyclization of aromatic amides with 2‐diazo‐1H‐indene‐1,3(2H)‐ dione. When the reaction is carried out under air in ethyl acetate, spiro indene‐2,1'‐isoindolinones are formed through Co(II)‐catalyzed C—H/N—H [4 + 1] spirocyclization. When the reaction is run under O2 in CH3CN, on the other hand, spiro isochroman‐3,1'‐isoindolinones are generated through Baeyer‐Villiger oxidation of the in situ formed spiro indene‐2,1'‐isoindolinones with O2 as a cheaper and environmental‐friendly oxygen source. In general, these protocols have advantages such as using non‐precious and earth‐abundant metal catalyst, no extra additive, high efficiency and regioselectivity. A gram‐scale synthesis and the removal of the directing group further highlight its utility.
Elevated PLAUR is observed in the airway epithelium of asthma patients and blocking improves barrier integrity
Authors: Portelli Michael A. , Bhaker Sangita , Pang Vincent , Bates David O. , Johnson Simon R. , Mazar Andrew P. , Shaw Dominick , Brightling Christopher , Sayers Ian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundExpression of the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is elevated in the airway epithelium in asthma; however, the contribution of uPAR to asthma pathogenesis and scope for therapeutic targeting remains unknown.ObjectivesTo determine (i) the expression profile of uPAR in cultured human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) from asthma patients, (ii) the relationship between uPAR and the epithelial barrier, including blocking uPAR functions and (iii) the function of different uPAR isoforms.MethodsuPAR levels in HBECs isolated from asthma patients and cells at air liquid interface (ALI) during differentiation were quantified. Transepithelial electrical resistance or electrical cell impedance sensing was used to relate uPAR levels to barrier properties, including effects of uPAR blocking antibodies. The functional effects of gain of function was determined using transcriptomics, in cells over‐expressing membrane (muPAR), soluble cleaved (scuPAR) or soluble spliced (ssuPAR) isoforms.ResultsElevated expression of uPAR was a feature of cultured HBECs from asthma patients, suggesting intrinsic alterations in asthma patient cells. Soluble uPAR levels inversely correlated with barrier properties of the HBEC layer in 2D and ALI. Blocking uPAR‐integrin interactions enhanced barrier formation. The gain of function cells showed limited transcriptomic changes.ConclusionThis study provides a significant advance in our understanding of the relationship between asthma, uPAR and the epithelial barrier, where elevated circulating uPAR results in a reduced cell barrier, a phenotype prevalent in asthma.
Visualization and analysis of the transformation and development of thermal power plants under the low‐carbon policy
Authors: Liu Yikang , Wang Haiyan , Chen Yuqi , Chen Zhiwen , Wang Tao , Huang Ting , Ni Mingqi , Qi Qingjie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo better grasp the dynamic trend of the transformation and development of thermal power enterprises in the context of low carbon worldwide; the background of the transformation development of thermal power enterprises, the low carbon economic model, and the basic situation of the thermal power industry are reviewed and analyzed. Yearly quantitative distribution of literature, country (region) distribution, main source journal distribution, organization distribution, research hotspots, and frontiers are all analyzed, CiteSpace and Vosviewer are used to plot expertise area maps. The results show that the number of studies on the transformation and development of thermal power plants under the background of low carbon is on the rise in general, among which the contribution of China is the largest. Research articles have been published in 77 publications worldwide, mainly in the fields of chemistry, materials, and fuels. The framework of simple theories and research strategies has been completed. However, the research community is too targeted and there are few frontier branches. Based on technology development, process updating and process development, environmental remediation, electrochemical CO2 reduction, organic contaminants, active sites, and bifunctional electrocatalysts have become the leading research topics of thermal power plant transformation development.
Nickel ferrite doped polyaniline composites: Synthesis and analysis for a high‐performance symmetric pseudo‐supercapacitor
Authors: Singh Gyan , Kumar Yogesh , Husain Samina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis work is conducted to improve the electrochemical performance of PANI with the incorporation of spinel‐type transition metal oxide, that is, 1 wt.% of nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) (NF). The addition of NiFe2O4 into the PANI matrix is accomplished via in situ oxidative polymerization approach at a very low temperature (0‐5°C). It is observed that the various valence states of NiFe2O4 in the electrolytic ions considerably increase due to formation of a well‐interconnected conducting network with PANI. The requisite interaction of PANI/NiFe2O4 is verified by Raman analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). PANI1:1/NF1 ratio of the composite facilitates strong conducting route improving delocalization of the electrons in the polymeric chain resulting in extra stability of the system. It is observed that NF nanoparticles fills the gaps in the polymeric matrix rendering to attain highest specific capacitance of 758 F g−1 of the PANI 1:1/NF1 electrode cell as compared to bare PANI1:1 (677 F g−1), PANI1:2 (500 F g−1), NF (253 F g−1) and other PANI1:2/NF2 (686 F g−1) samples at 10mV/s. The PANI1:1 device also shows energy density ~ 54 W kg−1 at 0.3 mA/cm2 with corresponding power density at ~1705 W kg−1, and the cyclic stability ~97% after 10,000 GCD cycles. The said device also exhibits a lower charge transfer resistance (Rct) 0.35 Ω as compared to other fabricated devices. NiFe2O4 acts as a ‘superhighway’ for charge transportation between PANI, which is beneficial for supercapacitors.