bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An extremely energetic cosmic ray observed by a surface detector array
Authors:   Telescope Array Collaboration* †, Abbasi R. U. , Allen M. G. , Arimura R. , Belz J. W. , Bergman D. R. , Blake S. A. , Shin B. K. , Buckland I. J. , Cheon B. G. , Fujii T. , Fujisue K. , Fujita K. , Fukushima M. , Furlich G. D. , Gerber Z. R. , Globus N. , Hibino K. , Higuchi R. , Honda K. , Ikeda D. , Ito H. , Iwasaki A. , Jeong S. , Jeong H. M. , Jui C. H. , Kadota K. , Kakimoto F. , Kalashev O. E. , Kasahara K. , Kawata K. , Kharuk I. , Kido E. , Kim S. W. , Kim H. B. , Kim J. H. , Kim J. H. , Komae I. , Kubota Y. , Kuznetsov M. Y. , Lee K. H. , Lubsandorzhiev B. K. , Lundquist J. P. , Matthews J. N. , Nagataki S. , Nakamura T. , Nakazawa A. , Nonaka T. , Ogio S. , Ono M. , Oshima H. , Park I. H. , Potts M. , Pshirkov S. , Remington J. R. , Rodriguez D. C. , Rott C. , Rubtsov G. I. , Ryu D. , Sagawa H. , Sakaki N. , Sako T. , Sakurai N. , Shin H. , Smith J. D. , Sokolsky P. , Stokes B. T. , Stroman T. S. , Takahashi K. , Takeda M. , Taketa A. , Tameda Y. , Thomas S. , Thomson G. B. , Tinyakov P. G. , Tkachev I. , Tomida T. , Troitsky S. V. , Tsunesada Y. , Udo S. , Urban F. R. , Wong T. , Yamazaki K. , Yuma Y. , Zhezher Y. V. , Zundel Z. 
Published: November 2023

Cosmic rays are energetic charged particles from extraterrestrial sources, with the highest-energy events thought to come from extragalactic sources. Their arrival is infrequent, so detection requires instruments with large collecting areas. In this work, we report the detection of an extremely energetic particle recorded by the surface detector array of the Telescope Array experiment. We calculate the particle’s energy as

244
±
29

stat
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−
76

+
51

syst
.

exa–electron volts

(~40 joules). Its arrival direction points back to a void in the large-scale structure of the Universe. Possible explanations include a large deflection by the foreground magnetic field, an unidentified source in the local extragalactic neighborhood, or an incomplete knowledge of particle physics.
Perspectives of adult offspring of participants recruited to a randomised trial in pregnancy: a qualitative study
Authors: Franke Nike , Wouldes Trecia Ann , Brown Gavin Thomas Lumsden , Ward Kim , Rogers Jenny , Harding Jane E 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundRoutinely assessed outcomes in paediatric health studies may not reflect families’ priorities. Increasing our understanding of childhood experiences of research participation may contribute to improving the quality of consent and better align study aims with the concerns of relevant communities.ObjectiveTo explore young adults’ views on their participation in medical research during their childhood, specifically around the acceptability of consent and their priorities regarding health, development and well-being as potential trial outcomes.MethodsA qualitative descriptive 20-year follow-up study of a medical trial which aimed to improve outcomes after preterm birth. Semistructured dialogue transcripts were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.Setting and participantsSeventeen young adults whose parents consented to their participation in a clinical trial when they were fetuses, and in follow-up studies as preschoolers and school-age children.ResultsOverall, participants expressed comfort with their parents consenting to medical research on their behalf. However, autonomous child assent may not be attainable due to children’s susceptibility to suggestions. Participants generally expressed satisfaction with the outcomes investigated in the follow-up studies, although some suggested other outcomes of interest such as mental health and learning disabilities.ConclusionsCurrent consent procedures were deemed acceptable as parents hold responsibility for making decisions on behalf of their children, and their commitment to their child’s well-being ensures that they make appropriate choices. The outcomes assessed in this trial and health and developmental outcomes in the follow-up assessments aligned well with outcomes of interest to the young adult participants.
Genetic variant rs9939609 inFTOis associated with body composition and obesity risk in Korean females
Authors: Park Hyeon-Gyo , Choi Jeong-Hwa 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThe fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is a significant locus in obesity. However, the association betweenFTOgenetic variants and body composition has not been fully elucidated.Research design and methodsThis observational study examined the associations ofFTOrs9939609 T>A with obesity and body composition markers in Koreans. A total of 6474 participants from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were analyzed for their general characteristics, body composition andFTOgenotype with a sex-stratified approach.ResultsFemales with the obesity risk A allele showed significantly greater body weight, hip circumference, and body mass index and were at a 1.28-fold higher risk of obesity (95% CI=1.088 to 1.507) than those with the TT genotype. Analyses of body composition also showed that females with the A allele had a greater body fat mass and percentage, abdominal fat percentage, and degree of obesity, and this association andFTOgenetic variation and adiposity was observed in females, especially aged under 50 years. However, the effect of the variant allele on non-fat tissue markers was not evident in females and was not associated with any parameters examined in males.ConclusionsTheFTOrs9939609 variant is associated with body composition in Koreans, especially body fat markers in females. These results support that theFTOrs9939609 variant is a genetic risk factor in the etiology of obesity.
Nebulised furosemide for the treatment of patients with obstructive lung disease: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Veldhoen Richard , Muscedere John 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionObstructive lung diseases (OLDs) such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are major global sources of morbidity and mortality. Current treatments broadly include bronchodilators such as beta agonists/antimuscarinics and anti-inflammatory agents such as steroids. Despite therapy patients still experience exacerbations of their diseases and overall decline over time. Nebulised furosemide may have a novel use in the treatment of OLD. Multiple small studies have shown improvement in pulmonary function as well as dyspnoea. This systematic review will aim to summarise and analyse the existing literature on nebulised furosemide use in OLD to guide treatment and future studies.Methods and analysisWe will identify all experimental studies using nebulised/inhaled furosemide in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that report any outcome. Databases will include EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, ACP Journal Club, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Clinical Answers, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Methodology Register, Health Technology Assessment and the NHS Economic Evaluation Database (1995–2015). We will also search ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO-International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Two reviewers will independently determine trial eligibility. For each included trial, we will perform duplicate independent data extraction, risk of bias assessment and evaluation of the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval will not be applicable to this systematic review. The results of the study will be communicated through publication in peer-reviewed journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021284680.
Efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal dexamethasone on postoperative nausea and vomiting following laparoscopy: study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Ning , Jiang Kailian , Liu Lulu , Chen Linmu 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionIntraperitoneal dexamethasone has been reported to be effective to reduce the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Therefore, this meta-analysis will analyse the efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal dexamethasone on PONV following laparoscopy.Methods and analysisElectronic databases (eg, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database, Web of Science, National Institute of Informatics, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and clinical trial registries will be systematically searched from their inception to 1 October 2022. After the study and data collection processes, we will identify randomised controlled trials that reported details of intraperitoneal dexamethasone on PONV following laparoscopy to conduct a meta-analysis. We will perform the study process and data collection separately. The collected data will be statistically analysed using Review Manager 5.4 software. The risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool 2. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation certainty assessment, and a trial sequential analysis will be conducted to ensure the accuracy of this meta-analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval and patient consent are not required since this study is a systematic review and meta-analysis. The findings of this meta-analysis will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022362924.
Cost-effectiveness of providing university students with a mindfulness-based intervention to reduce psychological distress: economic evaluation of a pragmatic randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wagner Adam P , Galante Julieta , Dufour Géraldine , Barton Garry , Stochl Jan , Vainre Maris , Jones Peter B 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveIncreasing numbers of young people attending university has raised concerns about the capacity of student mental health services to support them. We conducted a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to explore whether provision of an 8 week mindfulness course adapted for university students (Mindfulness Skills for Students—MSS), compared with university mental health support as usual (SAU), reduced psychological distress during the examination period. Here, we conduct an economic evaluation of MSS+SAU compared with SAU.Design and settingEconomic evaluation conducted alongside a pragmatic, parallel, single-blinded RCT comparing provision of MSS+SAU to SAU.Participants616 university students randomised.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary economic evaluation assessed the cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained from the perspective of the university counselling service. Costs relate to staff time required to deliver counselling service offerings. QALYs were derived from the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Dimension 6 Dimension (CORE-6D) preference based tool, which uses responses to six items of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure (CORE-OM; primary clinical outcome measure). Primary follow-up duration was 5 and 7 months for the two recruitment cohorts.ResultsIt was estimated to cost £1584 (2022 prices) to deliver an MSS course to 30 students, £52.82 per student. Both costs (adjusted mean difference: £48, 95% CI £40–£56) and QALYs (adjusted mean difference: 0.014, 95% CI 0.008 to 0.021) were significantly higher in the MSS arm compared with SAU. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was £3355, with a very high (99.99%) probability of being cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of £20 000 per QALY.ConclusionsMSS leads to significantly improved outcomes at a moderate additional cost. The ICER of £3355 per QALY suggests that MSS is cost-effective when compared with the UK’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence thresholds of £20 000 per QALY.Trial registration numberAustralian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12615001160527.
Factors associated with uptake of human papillomavirus vaccination among adolescent girls in Mettu town, southwest Ethiopia: a school-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Dawud Amin , Kera Abeza Mitiku , Bekele Desta , Hiko Desta , Zewdie Asrat 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThis study was designed to assess the level of uptake of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and its associated factors among school-age adolescent girls.DesignSchool-based cross-sectional study.SettingHigh schools in Mettu town, southwest Ethiopia, from 5 February to 10 March 2022.ParticipantsData were collected using a pretested and structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews with 667 adolescent girls selected via multistage random sampling. Data were entered into EpiData V.3.1 and exported to SPSS V.26 for analysis. Simple binary logistic regression was done, and variables with a p value less than 0.25 were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model; variables with a p value <0.05 were considered significant.ResultsAbout half (48.6%) of adolescent girls aged 14–18 years had received the HPV vaccine. Being in the 16–18 years age group (adjusted OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.50 to 4.80), having good knowledge (2.14, 95% CI 1.29 to 3.52), having a positive attitude (5.86, 95% CI 3.51 to 9.76), and getting encouragement from healthcare workers (3.04, 95% CI 1.36 to 6.79), teachers (2.14, 95% CI 1.05 to 4.34) and parents (2.39, 95% CI 1.02 to 5.64) were significantly associated with vaccine uptake.ConclusionThe uptake of HPV vaccination was low. Having good knowledge and positive attitude as well as encouragement from parents, healthcare workers and teachers were identified as factors associated with HPV vaccine uptake. Improving knowledge about HPV and involving teachers and parents in the immunisation campaign might help promote HPV vaccine uptake.
Effectiveness of a midwife-led continuity of care model on birth outcomes and maternal mental health in vulnerable women: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial with an internal pilot, process evaluation and economic analysis
Authors: Willan Kathryn , Moss Rachael H , Santorelli Gillian , Ahern Sara , Bryant Maria , Bywater Tracey , Blower Sarah Louise , Richardson Gerry , Hinde Sebastian , Huo Dacheng , Wright John , Dickerson Josie , Innovation Hub Better Start Bradford 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionWomen from social disadvantage are at greater risk of poor birth outcomes. The midwife-led continuity of care (MCC) model, which offers flexible and relational care from a small team of midwives, has demonstrated improved birth outcomes. In the general population, the impact of MCC on socially disadvantaged women and on birth outcomes is still unclear. This protocol describes a pragmatic evaluation of the MCC model in a socially disadvantaged population.Methods and analysisAn open-labelled individual prospective randomised controlled trial with an internal pilot, process evaluation and economic analysis, from 1 April 2022 to 31 March 2024.Women will be randomly allocated to MCC or standard care as part of usual midwifery practice. Participants and midwives will not be blinded, but researchers will be. An internal pilot will test the feasibility of this process.Participants are those randomised into MCC or standard care, who consent to participate in one of two Born in Bradford (BiB) birth cohort studies. Outcomes are taken from routinely linked health data, supplemented by additional data capture. The sample size is fixed by the capacity of MCC teams, commissioning duration and numbers recruited into the cohort. The estimated maximum fixed sample size is 1,410 pregnancies (minimum 734).Intention to treat (ITT) analysis will be undertaken to assess the impact of MCC on two independent primary outcomes. An economic evaluation will explore the impact on health resource use and a process evaluation will explore fidelity to the MCC model, and barriers/facilitators to implementation from midwives’ and women’s perspectives.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained for the randomisation in midwifery practice, use of the cohort data for evaluation and for the process evaluation. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at conferences and translated into policy briefings.Trial registration numberIsRCTNhttps://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN31836167
OCT and OCTA in dysthyroid optic neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Nan , Zhu Hui , Ma Junxin , Shao Qing 
Published: November 2023

PurposeTo explore the current research about the role of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON).MethodsStudies in the literature that focused on OCT, OCTA and DON were retrieved by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane databases and Clinical Trial before 20 June 2023. The methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The quantitative calculation was performed using Review Manager V.5.3.ResultsTwelve studies met the eligibility criteria and were included. DON group presented lower macular ganglion cell complex in the overall, superior and inferior hemifields compared with the non-DON group. Furthermore, the ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer in DON group was thinner in contrast to the non-DON group. The optic nerve head vessel density was lower in the DON group than that in the non-DON group. A reduction of radial peripapillary capillary vessel density could be seen in the DON group than the non-DON group in overall, inside disc, peripapillary, superior-hemifield, temporal and nasal. Besides, the macular superficial retinal capillary layer of non-DON and DON is lower than the healthy control group.ConclusionsThis study supported the potential value of OCT and OCTA metrics as novel biomarkers of DON. Ophthalmologists should comprehensively consider the retinal structure and microvasculature in dealing with DON.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review included data from published literature and was exempt from ethics approval. Results would be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and presented at academic conferences engaging clinicians.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023414907.
If it walks like a duck…: Monitored Emergency Use of Unregistered and Experimental Interventions (MEURI) is research
Authors: Schaefer G Owen 
Published: November 2023

Monitored Emergency Use of Unregistered and Experimental Interventions (MEURI) is an ethical framework developed by the WHO for using unproven interventions in public health emergencies outside the context of medical research. It is mainly intended for use when medical research would be impracticable, but there is still a need to systematically gather data about unproven interventions. As such, it is designed as something of a middle ground between clinical and research ethical frameworks.
However, I argue that MEURI does not truly lie at the intersection of clinical care and research. Due to its intent, structure and oversight requirements, it takes on most of the crucial features of research, to the point that it is best understood as a form of research. As a result, cases where MEURI could practicably be applied should instead make use of existing research frameworks. For those circumstances where research is truly impracticable, a more straightforward oversight system than MEURI is needed. While existing practices of compassionate use have some applicability, proposals to make use of clinical ethics committees to oversee unproven interventions may help achieve the right balance in acting in a patient’s best interests when the relevant evidence base is weak.
Association between trauma triage and time-to-vaso-occlusive events in patients with sickle cell disease after traumatic injury: a retrospective study
Authors: Parchuri Ektha , Pacella-LaBarbara Maria , O’Brien Julia , Gruen Danielle S , Guyette Frances , Brown Joshua B , De Castro Laura , Jonassaint Charles R 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionSickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with vaso-occlusive events (VOEs) that can lead to disease complications, including early mortality. Given that similar inflammatory responses characterize VOE and traumatic injury, injured patients with SCD may be vulnerable to acute complications. This study is the first to examine whether traumatic injury is associated with increased severity of future VOEs.MethodsThis cohort study was conducted using electronic health record data from an SCD clinic in Western Pennsylvania; 356 patients with SCD from January 2000 to July 2021 were identified via retrospective chart review. 55 patients were eligible based on continuous medical record data spanning 1 year preinjury and postinjury. Patients were sorted into three treatment groups based on injury management: (1) Neither triage to trauma team activation (TTA) nor inpatient admission (Early Discharge), (2) Triage but no inpatient admission (Triage Only), and (3)Triage and In-patient. Outcomes included time from injury to first VOE, annual VOE counts requiring an emergency department (ED) visit, and ED length of stay (LOS) for the first VOE after injury.ResultsEarly Dischargeindividuals experienced a VOE event within 2.93 days of injury, significantly shorter time to event thanTriage and In-patientindividuals at 52.375 days andTriage Onlyindividuals at 100.16 days (p=0.0058). No difference in annual VOE counts was noted postinjury across all groups. However, a significant increase in VOE LOS preinjury (16.1 hours) to postinjury (77.4 hours) was noted only for theTriage Onlygroup (p=0.038). Cox regression model showed that shortened time to VOE events was marginally associated with TTA status (p=0.06).ConclusionDespite minimal changes in long-term VOE outcomes after injury, traumatic injuries may accelerate the time-to-VOE among theEarly Dischargegroup. Therefore, future research is warranted to analyze whether the absence of postinjury triage assessment and intervention may cause unforeseen physiologic stressors contributing to VOE outcomes.Level of evidenceLevel IV: retrospective case-control study with three negative criteria.
$$Z_{cs}$$, $$Z_c$$ and $$Z_b$$ states under the complex scaling method
Authors: Cheng Jian-Bo , Huang Bo-Lin , Lin Zi-Yang , Zhu Shi-Lin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe investigate the$$Z_b$$Zb,$$Z_c$$Zcand$$Z_{cs}$$Zcsstates within the chiral effective field theory framework and theS-wave single channel molecule picture. With the complex scaling method, we accurately solve the Schrödinger equation in momentum space. Our analysis reveals that the$$Z_b(10610)$$Zb(10610),$$Z_b(10650)$$Zb(10650),$$Z_c(3900)$$Zc(3900)and$$Z_c(4020)$$Zc(4020)states are the resonances composed of theS-wave$$(B\bar{B}^{*}+B^{*}\bar{B})/\sqrt{2}$$(BB¯∗+B∗B¯)/2,$$B^{*}\bar{B}^*$$B∗B¯∗,$$(D\bar{D}^{*}+D^{*}\bar{D})/\sqrt{2}$$(DD¯∗+D∗D¯)/2and$$D^{*}\bar{D}^*$$D∗D¯∗, respectively. Furthermore, although the$$Z_{cs}(3985)$$Zcs(3985)and$$Z_{cs}(4000)$$Zcs(4000)states exhibit a significant difference in width, these two resonances may originate from the same channel, theS-wave$$(D_{s}\bar{D}^{*}+D_{s}^{*}\bar{D})/\sqrt{2}$$(DsD¯∗+Ds∗D¯)/2. Additionally, we find two resonances in theS-wave$$D_s^*\bar{D}^*$$Ds∗D¯∗channel, corresponding to the$$Z_{cs}(4123)$$Zcs(4123)and$$Z_{cs}(4220)$$Zcs(4220)states that await experimental confirmation.
On some specific results of rings with prime nilradical
Authors: Alhazmy Khaled , Almahdi Fuad Ali Ahmed , Haddaoui Younes El , Mahdou Najib 
Published: November 2023

The authors of A. Benhissi and S. Hizem [Nonnil-Noetherian rings and SFT property, Rocky Mountain J. Math. 41 (2011) 1483–1500] proved that the primary decomposition of a nonnil-ideal of a nonnil-Noetherian ring always exists. We will show in this paper that this primary decomposition is minimal. We next prove that over any nonnil-Noetherian ring, a sub-class of modules admit a primary decomposition. In the second part of this paper, we give some properties related to [Formula: see text]-chained and [Formula: see text]-Prüfer rings.