bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excited states of transition metal compounds: Quantum chemistry of relaxation effects
Authors: Baranovski V. I. , Lubimova O. O. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe electronic excitation of coordination compounds is followed by a number of relaxation effects (geometry changes, emission, nonradiative transitions, electron transfer). This article concerns the possible ways to use the standard methods of modern quantum chemistry in conjunction with the time‐dependent formalism (wave packets dynamics) to study these effects in the metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states. The first example concerns the estimation of the geometry changes in organic ligands due to the electronic excitation. The second example concerns the prediction of the trends in the constants of nonradiative transitions. The results of the calculations for several sets of Ru(II) and Os(II) complexes with 2,2′‐bipyridine and its derivatives are in good agreement with experiment. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Competing after radical technological change: the significance of product line management strategy
Authors: Jones Neil 
Published: November 2003

AbstractResearch on firm performance after the introduction of a radical technological change has primarily concerned itself with differences between incumbents and entrants. This paper explores other factors that may influence firm performance over the longer term after a radical change—specifically, those related to product line management strategy. Following a radical change, a period of incremental technological change typically creates the opportunity for rapid development of new products. In such settings, strategies to manage multiple products, including families of related products that can be derived from a common platform, may be expected to impact competitive performance, especially over the longer term. The data for the study are from the telecommunications switching sector, specifically the private branch exchange (PBX) industry. Fifty‐six firms and over 240 new products were analyzed over 22 years. This study shows that incumbent–entrant‐based explanations of firm performance are incomplete. In particular, the results demonstrate that product line strategy explains significant additional variation in firm performance. The paper tests hypotheses linking both overall product line strategy and product platform strategy to firm performance. It finds that overall product introduction rates and product longevity can be linked to performance. It also shows that decomposing overall strategy into product platform strategy—rates of platform and derivative introduction, and platform longevity—can further increase explanatory power. In total, the results indicate that strategic prescriptions in the literature that emphasize development speed alone are oversimplified. They also suggest that differences in how relationships among products derived from a common platform are managed can contribute to competitive advantage and demand complex trade‐offs. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reversible pulmonary hypertension in heart transplant candidates—pretransplant evaluation and outcome after orthotopic heart transplantation
Authors: Klotz Stefan , Deng Mario C. , Hanafy Dudy , Schmid Christof , Stypmann Jörg , Schmidt Christoph , Hammel Dieter , Scheld Hans H. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBackground:Heart transplantation is the most effective treatment for well‐selected patients with endstage heart failure. Unfortunately, transplant candidates with pulmonary hypertension (PHT) are often not considered for heart transplantation. This study was performed to assess the value of prostaglandin E1 (PG‐E1) for reduction of PHT and to predict the postoperative outcome, compared to patients without PHT.Patients and methods:We studied a group of 151 consecutive heart transplant candidates using right heart catheterization. In patients with PHT (pulmonary vascular resistance, PVR≥2.5 Wood‐Units (WU) and/or transpulmonary gradient (TPG)≥12 mmHg) a short‐term treatment protocol with PG‐E1 was performed, to achieve PVR<2.5 WU and TPG<12 mmHg.Results:61 patients (40%) had PHT according to our criteria. Reduction of PHT was successful in 71% of patients (n=43), of these, 18 patients underwent cardiac transplantation and the 1‐year mortality rate was 22% (n=4). The 1‐year mortality rate in transplanted patients without PHT was 14% (n=3). There was no statistical difference in survival between the PHT and the non‐PHT group. Outcome in patients without heart transplantation was similar in both groups, except for patients with non‐reducible PHT (1‐year mortality 50%).Conclusions:Our study demonstrates the efficacy and safety of PG‐E1 in lowering PHT in heart transplant candidates, as well as the need for aggressive evaluation and treatment in these patients. Patients with reversible PHT have comparable post‐transplant outcomes and no tendency to higher acute right ventricular failure.
Nitric oxide exhalation correlates with ventilatory response to exercise in patients with heart disease
Authors: Adachi Hitoshi , Oshima Shigeru , Sakurai Shigeki , Toyama Takuji , Hoshizaki Hiroshi , Taniguchi Koichi , Ito Haruki 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAims:It is controversial whether or not pulmonary nitric oxide (NO) production, reflected in the end‐tidal alveolar NO concentration, is diminished in patients with heart failure. Since pulmonary perfusion is regulated by NO production, decreased NO production in the pulmonary vasculature is assumed to result in diminished lung perfusion and further increases in ventilation–perfusion mismatch. The aim of this study is to investigate whether exhaled NO correlates with both exercise‐induced hyperpnea and exercise tolerance in patients with heart disease.Methods and Results:Forty‐two patients with heart disease were enrolled (history of prior myocardial infarction (n=19), dilated cardiomyopathy (n=2), hypertensive heart disease (n=5) and prior open‐heart surgery (n=16)). During cardiopulmonary exercise testing, exhaled air was collected and end‐tidal NO (ETNO) was measured using a chemiluminescent method. Peak ETNO was found to correlate positively with both ventilatory anaerobic threshold (r=0.468) and peak VO2 (r=0.562). The VE‐CO2 slope, which reflects the ventilatory response to exercise, correlated negatively with peak ETNO (r=−0.588).Conclusion:These data indicate that NO exhalation correlates, inversely, with the ventilatory response to exercise and directly with exercise intolerance, although the weakness of the correlation coefficient suggests there may be other possible mechanisms.
A systematic review of telemonitoring for the management of heart failure
Authors: Louis Amala A. , Turner Tracy , Gretton Marcia , Baksh Angela , Cleland John G.F. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBackground:Telemonitoring allows a clinician to monitor, on a daily basis, physiological variables measured by patients at home. This provides a means to keep patients with heart failure under close supervision, which could reduce the rate of admission to hospital and accelerate discharge.Objective:To review the literature on the application of telemedicine in the management of heart failure.Methods:A literature search was conducted on studies involving telemonitoring and heart failure between 1966 and 2002 using Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare.Results:Eighteen observational studies and six randomised controlled trials involving telemonitoring and heart failure were identified. Observational studies suggest that telemonitoring; used either alone or as part of a multidisciplinary care program, reduce hospital bed‐days occupancy. Patient acceptance of and compliance with telemonitoring was high. Two randomised controlled trials suggest that telemonitoring of vital signs and symptoms facilitate early detection of deterioration and reduce readmission rates and length of hospital stay in patients with heart failure. One study also showed a reduction in readmission charges. One substantial randomised controlled study showed a significant reduction in mortality at 6 months by monitoring weight and symptoms in patients with heart failure; however, no difference was observed in readmission rates. Another randomised study comparing video‐consultation performed as part of a home health care programme for patients with a variety of diagnoses, suggested a reduction in the costs of hospital care, which offset the cost of video‐consultation. Patients with heart failure were not reported separately. One randomised study showed no difference in outcomes between the telemonitoring group and the standard care group.Conclusion:Telemonitoring might have an important role as part of a strategy for the delivery of effective health care for patients with heart failure. Adequately powered multicentre, randomised controlled trials are required to further evaluate the potential benefits and cost‐effectiveness of this intervention.
Evolution of a Neoproterozoic to Palaeozoic intracratonic setting, Officer Basin, South Australia
Authors: Lindsay John F. , Leven James H. 
Published: November 2003

The Neoproterozoic basins of central Australia share many features of architecture and sedimentary fill, suggesting common large‐scale extrinsic causal mechanisms. In an attempt to improve understanding of these mechanisms we have gathered and analysed new deep seismic reflection data and re‐evaluated existing seismic and well‐log data from the eastern Officer Basin, the largest and most poorly known of Australia's intracratonic basins.The Officer Basin is asymmetric and has a steep thrust‐controlled northern margin paralleled by sub‐basins as much as 10 km in depth. Further south the basin shallows gradually onto a broad platform. The basin rests on a thick crust (≈42 km) that is pervaded by a complex of northward‐dipping surfaces most of which terminate erosionally against the sediments of the Officer Basin and are interpreted as prebasinal features, possibly faults. Some appear to have been zones of crustal weakness which were reactivated as thrust complexes and played a major role in basin evolution.The sedimentary succession can be subdivided into six megasequences separated by major tectonically and erosionally enhanced sequence boundaries. The megasequences have distinctive sequence stacking patterns suggesting that they were deposited in response to episodic subsidence induced by a major extrinsic tectonic event. The basin initially formed as part of a giant sag basin which incorporated all the present‐day intracratonic basins (Amadeus, Georgina, Ngalia, Officer and Savory Basins) in a single large ‘superbasin’ perhaps as a response to mantle processes. Subsidence then ceased for ≈100 Myr producing a regional erosion surface. Beginning in the Torrensian or Sturtian five more major events of varying regional significance influenced the basin's evolution. Four were compressional events, the first of which activated major thrust complexes along the present basin margins, forming deep foreland sub‐basins with elevated intervening basement blocks. Once activated, the thrust complexes and sub‐basins persisted throughout the life of the intracratonic basins. From this epoch the intracratonic basins of central Australia were decoupled from the giant sag basin and became interrelated but independent features.Available information suggests that the Officer, Amadeus, Georgina, Ngalia and Savory Basins are related and are perhaps products of major tectonic events associated with the assembly and ultimate dispersal of the Proterozoic supercontinent. The closing phases of these basins were strongly influenced by events occurring along the newly created active eastern margin of the Australian continent in the Palaeozoic.
New palaeogeographic and lake‐level reconstructions of Lake Tanganyika: implications for tectonic, climatic and biological evolution in a rift lake
Authors: Cohen A. S. , Lezzar K.‐E. , Tiercelin J.‐J. , Soreghan M. 
Published: November 2003

Palaeogeographic and lake‐level reconstructions provide powerful tools for evaluating competing scenarios of biotic, climatic and geological evolution within a lake basin. Here we present new reconstructions for the northern Lake Tanganyika subbasins, based on reflection seismic, core and outcrop data. Reflection seismic radiocarbon method (RSRM) age estimates provide a chronological model for these reconstructions, against which yet to be obtained age dates based on core samples can be compared. A complex history of hydrological connections and changes in shoreline configuration in northern Lake Tanganyika has resulted from a combination of volcanic doming, border fault evolution and climatically induced lake‐level fluctuations. The stratigraphic expression of lake‐level highstands and lowstands in Lake Tanganyika is predictable and cyclic (referred to here as Capart Cycles), but in a pattern that differs profoundly from the classic Van Houten cycles of some Newark Supergroup rift basins. This difference results from the extraordinary topographic relief of the Western Rift lakes, coupled with the rapidity of large‐scale lake‐level fluctuations. Major unconformity surfaces associated with Lake Tanganyika lowstands may have corresponded with high‐latitude glacial maxima throughout much of the mid‐ to late Pleistocene.Rocky shorelines along the eastern side of the present‐day Ubwari Peninsula (Zaire) appear to have had a much more continuous existence as littoral rock habitats than similar areas along the north‐western coastline of the lake (adjacent to the Uvira Border Fault System), which in turn are older than the rocky shorelines of the north‐east coast of Burundi. This model of palaeogeographic history will be of great help to biologists trying to clarify the evolution of endemic invertebrates and fish in the northern basin of Lake Tanganyika.
Tectonic and thermal evolution of Queen Charlotte Basin: lithospheric deformation and subsidence models
Authors: Dehler S. A. , Keen C. E. , Rohr K. M. M. 
Published: November 2003

A two‐layer lithospheric stretching model that includes the effects of decompression melting was used to estimate the deformation and thermal evolution of the Queen Charlotte Basin, British Columbia. The basin contains up to 6 km of Tertiary fill and is postulated to have been formed during a transtensional stage of Cenozoic plate motion between the Pacific and North American plates. Several models of basin formation have been proposed to explain the sediment distribution, contemporaneous volcanism and high present‐day heat flow.We used bathymetry, Tertiary sediment thickness and crustal thickness to calculate the amount of stretching in the crust and lower lithosphere, and the volume of melt generated during advection of mantle rocks. A second set of calculations traced the thermal evolution of the sediments and lithosphere, and we show maps of estimated present‐day heat flow and sediment maturity. This study differs significantly from previous work in the use of gridded data that provide coverage over a large region and permit lateral variations in lithospheric deformation and thermal properties to be clearly defined, a difficult quest in studies based on single‐point or profile data. In addition, the use of crustal thickness, derived from a regional interpretation of gravity data and constrained by seismic refraction results, as an input allows reliable estimates of extension to be made despite recent deformation of sedimentary strata in Hecate Strait.We present results for a model which used a prerift crustal thickness of ≈34 km and a short rifting period from 25 to 20 Ma. This model infers that significant thinning occurred beneath south‐western Hecate Strait and southern Queen Charlotte Sound, and several kilometres of igneous crust were added at these sites, without requiring elevated asthenospheric temperatures prior to extension. Net lithospheric extension is surprisingly uniform within the basin and averages 76%, or ≈50 km, across the margin. This amount is consistent with other estimates of extension and may provide information useful in refining models of plate motion along this margin.
Headless submarine canyons and fluid flow on the toe of the Cascadia accretionary complex
Authors: Orange Daniel L. , McAdoo Brian G. , Casey Moore J. , Tobin Harold , Screaton Elizabeth , Chezar Hank , Lee Homa , Reid Mark , Vail Rick 
Published: November 2003

Headless submarine canyons with steep headwalls and shallowly sloping floors occur on both the second and third landward vergent anticlines on the toe of the Cascadia accretionary complex off central Oregon (45 °N, 125° 30′W). In September 1993, we carried out a series of nine deep tow camera sled runs and nine ALVIN dives to examine the relationship between fluid venting, structure and canyon formation. We studied four canyons on the second and third landward vergent anticlines, as well as the apparently unfailed intercanyon regions along strike. All evidence of fluid expulsion is associated with the canyons; we found no evidence of fluid flow between canyons. Even though all fluid seeps are related to canyons, we did not find seeps in all canyons, and the location of the seeps within the canyons differed.On the landward facing limb of the second landward vergent anticline a robust cold seep community occurs at the canyon’s inflection point. This seep is characterized by chemosynthetic vent clams, tube worms and extensive authigenic carbonate. Fluids for this seep may utilize high‐permeability flow paths either parallel to bedding within the second thrust ridge or along the underlying thrust fault before leaking into the overriding section. Two seaward facing canyons on the third anticlinal ridge have vent clam communities near the canyon mouths at approximately the intersection between the anticlinal ridge and the adjacent forearc basin. No seeps were found along strike at the intersection of the slope basin and anticlinal ridge. We infer that the lack of seepage along strike and the presence of seeps in canyons may be related to fluid flow below the forearc basin/slope unconformity (overpressured by the impinging thrust fault to the west?) directed toward canyons at the surface.
Regular spacing of drainage outlets from linear fault blocks
Authors: Talling Peter J. , Stewart Michael D. , Stark Colin P. , Gupta Sanjeev , Vincent Stephen J. 
Published: November 2003

Outlets of river basins located on fault blocks often show a regular spacing. This regularity is most pronounced for fault blocks with linear ridge crests and a constant half‐width, measured perpendicular to the ridge crest. The ratio of the half‐width of the fault block and the outlet spacing is used in this study to characterize the average shape (or spacing ratio) of 31 sets of drainage basins. These fault‐block spacing ratios are compared with similar data from small‐scale flume experiments and large‐scale mountain belts. Fault‐block spacing ratios are much more variable than those measured for mountain belts. Differences between fault‐block spacing ratios are attributed to variability in factors influencing the initial spacing of channel heads and subsequent rates of channel incision during the early stages of channel network growth (e.g. initial slope and uplift rate, precipitation, runoff efficiency and substrate erodibility). Widening or narrowing of fault blocks during ongoing faulting will also make spacing ratios more variable. It is enigmatic that some of these factors do not produce similar variability in mountain belt spacing ratios. Flume experiments in which drainage networks were grown on static topography show a strong correlation between spacing ratios and surface gradient. Spacing ratios on fault blocks are unaffected by variations in present‐day gradients. Drainage basins on the Wheeler Ridge anticline in central California, which have formed on surfaces progressively uplifted by thrust faulting during the last 14 kyr, demonstrate that outlet spacing is likely to be determined during the early stages of drainage growth. This dependency on initial conditions may explain the lack of correlation between spacing ratios of fault blocks and slopes measured at the present day.Spacing ratios determine the location of sediment supply points to adjacent areas of deposition, and hence strongly influence the spatial scale of lateral facies variations in the proximal parts of sedimentary basins. Spacing ratios may be used to estimate this length scale in ancient sedimentary basins if the width of adjacent topography is known. Spacing ratio variability makes these estimates much less precise for fault blocks than for mountain belts.
Immunologic quantification of fibrin deposition in thrombi formed in flowing native human blood
Authors: ØRvim Una , Barstad R. Marius , Stormorken Helge , Brosstad Frank , Sakariassen Kjell S. 
Published: November 2003

We describe a new method for quantification of fibrin in thrombi formed in native human blood at venous and arterial shear conditions in a parallel‐plate perfusion chamber device. Thrombi consisting of various proportions of fibrin and platelets were digested by plasmin. Fibrin deposition (μg/cm2) was calculated from the measured D‐dimer levels.Fibrin deposition in thrombi formed on a tissue factor (TF)‐rich surface increased with increasing shear rate from 37 μg/cm2 at 100/s to 77 μg/cm2 at 2600/s (significant at 95%, ANOVA). The plasma levels of thrombin–antithrombin III complexes (TAT) increased in concert. In contrast, fibrin deposition in thrombi formed on collagen fibrils and the corresponding TAT plasma levels were independent of the shear rate and much lower than those elicited by the TF‐rich surface (significant at 95%, ANOVA). The intra‐individual variation in fibrin deposition was on average 10%, whereas the inter‐individual differences were >500%. Such a large inter‐individual difference has not been detected by morphometry which usually is employed in similar studies.The present method is more accurate and less time‐consuming than the morphometric approach. The novel method measures fibrin on the surface and in and around the thrombi, thus total deposited fibrin. In contrast, the morphometry approach quantifies surface coverage with fibrin only, thus being semiquantitative at best.