bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Media F81OBGYN.net and internet
Authors: Banović S. 
Published: March 2003

The web site is the largest specialized women's health care suite in the world, diversified by more than 50% of its visitors being women and patients looking for medical information and over 40% being physician and other medical professionals.Every month, the web site is recording over 7000 forum entries which are read more than 350 000 times monthly. Thus each posted comment or question is read on average of 50 times, confirming the popularity and relevance of the content being addressed. Some of OBGYN.net's most popular forums deal with topics like endometriosis, pregnancy and birth and ultrasound.The average time visitors spend on the OBGYN.net web site is 11.5 min. OBGYN.net also welcomes over 12 000 visitors every day, a number that is growing every week. OBGYN.net creates original content with cooperation of staff employees and over 200 medical professionals who contribute on a world‐wide basis located at http://www.obgyn.net on the web. OBGYN.net is a physician‐reviewed service providing women physicians and industry professionals a place to publish articles, participate in discussion groups, access information and communicate online. OBGYN.net web site operates on a global level and offers three main sections, each focusing on different segments of the woman's health community; Medical Professionals, the Medical Industry and women and Patients.
The cervix as a predictor of preterm delivery in ‘at‐risk’ women
Authors: Cook C.‐M. , Ellwood D.A. 
Published: March 2003

Objective To examine the relationship between ultrasound‐determined cervical status and pregnancy outcome in women ‘at‐risk’ of spontaneous preterm delivery.
Design A prospective cohort study of 120 pregnant women considered to be ‘at‐risk’ of spontaneous preterm delivery by their clinician. Transvaginal ultrasound of the cervix was used to assess overall cervical length, closed endocervical canal length, diameter and internal os dilatation in the second trimester. The main outcome measure was occurrence of spontaneous preterm birth (< 34 and < 37 weeks of gestation).
Results The overall preterm delivery rate (< 37 weeks gestation) in these women was 35% (n = 42) with 20% (n = 24) delivering < 34 weeks gestation. Of the 71 women with a normal cervix, 8 (11%) delivered < 34 weeks, whereas of the 49 women with an abnormal cervix, 16 (33%) delivered < 34 weeks (RR 2.90; 95% CI 1.35–6.24). Using linear regression, closed endocervical canal length of < 21 mm before 20 weeks is associated with delivery < 34 weeks in 95% of women, and with delivery < 37 weeks in 95% of women if the canal length is < 33 mm. Logistic regression showed closed endocervical canal length to be the only significant factor in those women who delivered < 34 weeks after controlling for possible confounders.
Conclusions A strong relationship is demonstrated between cervical status and pregnancy outcome, particularly the cervical findings before 20 and 24 weeks of gestation. The length of the closed portion of the endocervical canal is the best predictor. A beneficial effect of this approach to ‘at‐risk’ women is the reduction in unnecessary interventions in those with normal cervical findings.
Middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity in the prediction of fetal anemia
Authors: Teixeira J.M.A. , Duncan K. , Letsky E. , Fisk N.M. 
Published: March 2003

Objective The fetal middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA PSV) has been suggested as a potential test to predict the fetal hematocrit level. We tested the hypothesis that a low fetal hematocrit is associated with an increase in MCA PSV in a prospective study of normal and alloimmunized pregnancies.Methods Fetal hematocrit and MCA PSV were obtained in 26 alloimmunized fetuses, immediately before their first fetal blood transfusions between 15 and 35 weeks. Results were compared with the MCA PSVs from 170 control fetuses not at risk of alloimmune anemia between 13 and 37 weeks.Results In control fetuses, PSV varied with gestation (PSV = 0.56 − 0.032 GA + 0.00086 GA2, where GA is gestational age; R2 = 0.41). The correlation between PSV and hematocrit Z scores (Pearson correlation coefficient r = − 0.69) was highly significant (P = 0.0001). Using a PSV > 1 SD, the sensitivity of the test in predicting a fetal hematocrit < 2 SD below the mean was only 64% but the specificity was 100%. However, the sensitivity of the test in predicting a fetal hematocrit < 3 SD and < 4 SD rose to 73% and 83%, while the specificity was still good (93% and 80% respectively).Conclusions MCA PSV and fetal hematocrit are highly significantly correlated. The sensitivity of the test was good and the high positive predictive value indicates that the presence of a raised PSV (defined as > 1 SD) is a strong indicator of fetal anemia. In conclusion, MCA PSV is a useful test in clinical practice for the detection of fetal anemia.
Favorable pregnancy outcome in a woman with osseous metaplasia of the uterus
Authors: Van den Bosch T. , Dubin Marleen , Cornelis Ann 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe present an asymptomatic case of osseous metaplasia of the uterus, diagnosed 20 days after a spontaneous delivery, in a 25‐year‐old woman (para 1, gravida 2). Her first pregnancy ended in a mid trimester termination. The short interval between delivery and diagnosis, and the histological features of the lesion suggested that the intrauterine bone was already present before the second pregnancy was conceived. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal diagnosis of campomelic dysplasia
Authors: Tongsong T. , Wanapirak C. , Pongsatha S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA pregnant woman of 24 weeks' gestation underwent ultrasound examination for fetal anomaly screening. The ultrasound findings revealed a single fetus with biparietal diameter of 61 mm, which was consistent with menstrual dates. The thoracic cage was small compared to the abdomen with hypoplastic scapulae and normally ossified unfractured ribs. All bony structures demonstrated normal echogenicity. The upper long bones were normal length and shape. Both femurs and tibiae were obviously bowed anteriorly, and slightly shortened. Bilateral talipes equinovarus were clearly demonstrated. A prenatal diagnosis of campomelic dysplasia was made and was confirmed by postnatal radiography and autopsy. The sonographic diagnosis in this case was based on the findings of small thorax, hypoplastic scapulae and bowed tibiae and femurs. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Diagnosis of conjoined twins at 10 weeks using three‐dimensional ultrasound: a case report
Authors: Bega G. , Wapner R. , Lev‐Toaff A. , Kuhlman K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA case report is presented of the prenatal diagnosis of conjoined twins at 10 weeks and 2 days' gestation using three‐dimensional ultrasound (3D US). The multiplanar display coupled with 3D US surface rendering clearly confirmed the presence of craniopagus. The twins were facing in opposite directions with the left occipital region of one embryo fused with the left parietal‐temporal region of the other. Additional multiplanar analysis above the level of the biparietal diameter demonstrated brain sharing. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Identification of arterio–venous anastomoses in vivo in monochorionic twin pregnancies: preliminary report
Authors: Taylor M. J. O. , Farquharson D. , Cox P. M. , Fisk N. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether it is possible to identify in vivo placental arterio–venous anastomoses (AVAs) by color Doppler flow mapping.MethodsThree monochorionic twin pregnancies (one with and two without twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome) underwent placental mapping by color Doppler ultrasound. Placental vessels along the chorionic plate were recorded together with the direction of blood flow and their location in relation to the cord insertions and to superficial arterio–arterial anastomoses. Suggestive AVAs were mapped topographically and results were compared with the findings of formal postnatal placental injection studies.ResultsAn AVA was identified in each of the three cases. Injection studies showed multiple AVAs. Each antenatally identified AVA was confirmed at placental injection study. Their placental location correlated to other landmarks as predicted by ultrasound.ConclusionsThis preliminary report demonstrates that AVAs can be identified using color Doppler ultrasound. This may facilitate planning for highly selective ablation of AVAs, and shorter procedure times. Formal studies are now indicated to determine the accuracy of this technique. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Sonographic characteristics of massive ovarian edema
Authors: Umesaki N. , Tanaka T. , Miyama M. , Kawamura N. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMassive ovarian edema (MOE) is a very rare disease characterized by a tumor‐like enlargement of the ovary. The ultrasound findings have been reported as a solid tumor‐like mass or as a solid mass containing a cystic component. Recent reports using magnetic resonance imaging of MOE have demonstrated that multiple ovarian follicles situated around the periphery of the cortex of the enlarged ovary is the most important diagnostic indicator of MOE. This finding was first demonstrated by ultrasound in the case we present here. Thus we suggest that the ultrasound detection of multiple peripheral ovarian follicles in a solid ovarian tumor‐like mass may make the preoperative diagnosis of MOE possible by ultrasound alone. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Pena–Shokeir phenotype with variable onset in three consecutive pregnancies
Authors: Paladini D. , Tartaglione A. , Agangi A. , Foglia S. , Martinelli P. , Nappi C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe Pena–Shokeir phenotype represents an autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by neurogenic arthrogryposis, facial anomalies and pulmonary hypoplasia. Prenatal diagnosis of this disease has been reported prospectively and in cases with positive family history. We describe here a patient who has had three consecutive pregnancies affected by the Pena–Shokeir syndrome. In these pregnancies, the onset of the arthrogryposis varied between the 12th and the 18th week of gestation. Therefore, the possibility of a variable chronological development of the main diagnostic feature of the syndrome, arthrogryposis, has to be taken into proper consideration while counseling families with a positive history for the Pena–Shokeir phenotype. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The variability in the interpretation of prenatal diagnostic ultrasound
Authors: Smith‐Bindman R. , Hosmer W. D. , Caponigro M. , Cunningham G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesAlthough prenatal ultrasound is broadly used to detect abnormal fetuses, the variability in the interpretation of second‐trimester prenatal ultrasound examinations is unknown. We sought to evaluate the consistency of the interpretation of prenatal ultrasound examinations.DesignPhysicians who perform prenatal ultrasound and who participate in the California Maternal Serum Expanded AFP program were asked to interpret a series of test ultrasound examinations. The series of cases was selected to include a random sample of fetal structural abnormalities, ultrasound markers that have been associated with chromosomal abnormalities, and normal cases. Interobserver agreement was evaluated using a κ statistic for each organ system. The sensitivity and false‐positive rate were calculated for detecting specific anatomic abnormalities within each organ system.ResultsOf the 210 sonologists eligible for inclusion in the study, completed responses were received from 148 (70%). There was moderate to substantial agreement between physicians in reporting the presence of fetal abnormalities for all organ systems (κ range 0.40–0.88, P < 0.001). The consistency was highest for the central nervous system (CNS), neck, and face. Within each organ system, the consistency was similar for major structural abnormalities and ultrasound markers of chromosomal abnormalities. The sensitivity ranged from 62% (95% confidence interval (CI) 58–66%) for major renal abnormalities to 91% (95% CI 88–94%) for CNS abnormalities, with corresponding false‐positive rates of 7% (95% CI 6–9%) for renal abnormalities and 9% (95% CI 7–11%) for CNS abnormalities. For most organ systems, the sensitivity for detecting ultrasound markers of chromosomal abnormalities was similar to the sensitivity for detecting structural abnormalities.ConclusionThere is moderate to substantial agreement in the interpretation of second‐trimester prenatal ultrasound examinations. Whether the identification of specific ultrasound abnormalities and markers is overall beneficial to patients remains to be determined. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The role of ultrasound in the expectant management of early pregnancy loss
Authors: Sairam S. , Khare M. , Michailidis G. , Thilaganathan B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo define the sonographic criteria which best determine the likelihood of successful expectant management of early pregnancy failure (EPF).MethodsWomen with an ultrasound diagnosis of EPF at 7–14 weeks' gestation were offered the option of expectant management or surgical evacuation.ResultsFive hundred and forty‐five women had a diagnosis of EPF; 298 with incomplete miscarriage and 247 with missed miscarriage or anembryonic pregnancy. A total of 305 women opted for expectant management, with an overall success rate of 86%. The success rate for incomplete miscarriage (96%) was significantly better than that for missed miscarriage (62%).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that EPF can be safely managed expectantly. Ultrasound has an invaluable role in predicting the likelihood of successful expectant management enabling patients to make an informed choice about their medical care. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Ultrasound diagnosis and Doppler monitoring of a pelvic spleen in pregnancy
Authors: Cobellis L. , Di Pietto F. , Di Pietto L. , Stradella L. , Reis F. M. , Severi F. M. , Petraglia F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe describe a patient with a pelvic spleen diagnosed during pregnancy and monitored through gestation which we believe to be the first reported case. A 40‐year‐old woman was referred at 8 weeks of gestation because of a chronic intense pain in the left iliac cavity which had spread to her lower back. Clinical examination revealed a poorly defined pelvic mass. Pelvic ultrasound demonstrated a gestational sac containing a viable embryo whose size was consistent with the period of amenorrhea. While the splenic area in the left hypocondrium was found to be empty, a homogeneous and elongate mass measuring 152 × 123 mm with a maximum thickness of 53.4 mm was observed in the left iliac cavity above the uterus. This mass, the ectopic spleen, was monitored by Doppler velocimetry at monthly intervals until delivery and no variation throughout gestation was observed; therefore, despite the occasional occurrence of heavy pain, it was possible to exclude circulatory complications such as thrombosis or torsion. Doppler ultrasound proved to be a useful tool for the differential diagnosis of this rare anatomical variation. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Middle cerebral artery Doppler in severe intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Johnson P. , Stojilkovic T. , Sarkar P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo examine longitudinal changes in middle cerebral artery blood flow assessed by Doppler in severely growth restricted fetuses.MethodsEighteen structurally normal singleton pregnancies complicated by suspected intrauterine growth restriction were monitored by serial measurement of the pulsatility index of the middle cerebral artery over 7 to 72 days. Outcome measures included indication for delivery, umbilical venous pH and admission to and length of stay in neonatal intensive care.ResultsThirteen fetuses demonstrated severe intrauterine growth restriction based on subsequent birth weights being below the 2.5th centile, two had intrauterine growth restriction (birth weights between the 2.5th and 5th centiles), and three had birth weights between the 5th and 50th centiles. The middle cerebral artery pulsatility index showed rapid and sharp changes between examinations in those severely growth restricted fetuses which required delivery before 34 weeks. This pattern was not obvious in severely growth restricted fetuses delivered after 34 weeks, or in those less severely growth restricted, regardless of the gestation at delivery. Changes in middle cerebral artery pulsatility index contributed to the decision to deliver in three cases. The middle cerebral artery pulsatility index demonstrated greater variation in those fetuses with cord pHs of less than 7.25. The length of stay in neonatal intensive care decreased with increasing gestational age and birth weight.ConclusionsThe difference in the pattern of change in middle cerebral artery pulsatility index in intrauterine growth restricted fetuses may be a reflection of maturity in addition to the degree of fetal compromise. The decision to deliver was multifactorial. The middle cerebral artery pulsatility index only influenced the decision to deliver when changes in other parameters were evident. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Sonographic early fetal gender assignment: a longitudinal study in pregnancies after in vitro fertilization
Authors: Mazza V. , Falcinelli C. , Paganelli S. , Contu G. , Mantuano S. M. , Battafarano S. D. , Forabosco A. , Volpe A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesA longitudinal evaluation by sonography of external genitalia in human embryos/early fetuses with a known time from fertilization is lacking. Our aim was to assign by sonographic evaluation of external genitalia the early fetal gender in a cohort of pregnancies after in vitro fertilization. Sonographic examinations were performed in each case in three subsequent sessions over a period of time early in gestation in order to establish a temporal threshold, expressed in terms of days from fertilization, at which absolute accuracy in gender prediction is achievable.MethodsThirty‐two fetuses were included in this prospective longitudinal study. Each was examined three times for gender assignment. The first observation was performed between 65 and 69 days from fertilization, the second between 70 and 74 days and the third between 75 and 79 days. Transvaginal and/or transabdominal sonography was used to detect the ‘sagittal sign’ as a marker of fetal gender. The results of ultrasound examinations were compared with gender at birth or with karyotype obtained from amniotic fluid cells or chorionic villus sampling.ResultsFetal gender assignment was feasible in 29 out of 32 fetuses (90%) at the first examination and in all cases at the second and third examinations. Fetal gender prediction was correct in 76% of cases in which fetal gender was assigned (22/29) at the first examination; accuracy for males was 46% (6/13) and for females 100% (16/16). At the second and third examinations, accuracy for gender prediction achieved 100% for both genders. Concerning the temporal threshold, absolute accuracy in gender prediction was achieved at 69 days from fertilization, corresponding to 11+6 weeks based on the last menstrual period.ConclusionThis study provides important information about the earliest stage, expressed in terms of days from fertilization, at which it is possible to make a certain diagnosis of fetal gender by sonography. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal diagnosis of type A1 brachydactyly
Authors: Den Hollander N. S. , Hoogeboom A. J. M. , Niermeijer M. F. , Wladimiroff J. W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBrachydactyly can occur as an isolated malformation or as part of numerous syndromes. Prenatal assessment of brachydactyly may be especially helpful in multiple anomaly syndromes associated with hand and/or finger anomalies. In isolated type A1 brachydactyly, which is an autosomal dominant disorder, all middle phalanges of the fingers and toes are affected. We present a fetus with type A1 brachydactyly inherited from the mother and grandmother. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Three‐dimensional hysterosalpingocontrast sonography (3D‐HyCoSy) as an outpatient procedure to assess infertile women
Authors: Kiyokawa K. , Uchida N. , Amemiya K. , Shouka K. , Suzuki K. , Kiyokawa K. 
Published: March 2003

Objectives:  This study was aimed to assess the use of three‐dimensional hysterosalpingocontrast sonography (3D‐HyCoSy) as a routine tool for evaluating infertile women in the office.Methods:  In 25 non‐selected infertile patients, tubal patency and uterine cavity were investigated by 3D‐HyCoSy with saline as a contrast medium. The efficacy of the procedure was evaluated with X‐ray hysterosalpingography (XHSG) as reference.Results:  The positive predictive value, negative predictive value, sensitivity and specificity of predicting tubal patency by 3D‐HyCoSy were 100, 33.3, 84.4 and 100%, respectively. The full contour of uterine cavity was depicted in 96% of cases by 3D‐HyCoSy and 64% by XHSG (P < 0.005). The uterine cavity area measured on 3D‐HyCoSy correlated well with the volume of contrast media required on XHSG (R2 = 0.8166).Conclusion:  3D‐HyCoSy provided advantages of better assessment of uterine cavity over XHSG. Compared with conventional XHSG, the efficacy of 3D‐HyCoSy to assess tubal patency was acceptable. In addition, the procedure of 3D‐HyCoSy appears to be better tolerated, requiring no sedation or anesthesia and a reduced examination time. Thus, 3D‐HyCoSy with saline as a contrast medium is feasible and could comprise a routine outpatient procedure in the initial evaluation of infertile women.
Chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis in Zagreb: experience with 3250 cases
Authors: Podobnik M. , Podgajski M. , Duic Z. , Ciglar S. 
Published: March 2003

Background:  This study comprises data from 3250 women allocated to transcervical CVS (TC‐CVS), transabdominal CVS (TA‐CVS) and transvaginal CVS (TV‐CVS). We have assessed the efficacy of transabdominal CVS compared with transcervical CVS and transvaginal CVS, and examined factors that have been implicated in causing spontaneous abortion.Methods:  Over an 11‐year period, 3250 women underwent chorionic villus sampling at 9–12 weeks of gestation, by transcervical (500 patients) transabdominal (2650 patients) and transvaginal technique (100 patients). Transvaginal color Doppler was used to investigate the uteroplacental and fetal vessels in 500 pregnancies between 11 and 12 weeks of gestation (400 TA‐CVS and 100 TC‐CVS) before and after CVS procedures.Results:  Five hundred (15.4%) patients underwent TC‐CVS and spontaneous abortion after TC‐CVS occurred in five cases (1.0%). 2650 (81.5%) patients underwent TA‐CVS using a 20 gauge spinal needle and abortion after TA‐CVS occurred in 11 cases (0.4%). One hundred (3.1%) patients underwent TV‐CVS using a 20‐gage needle and abortion after TV‐CVS occurred in three cases (3.0%). The spontaneous abortion rate after CVS procedures was 0.7%. Some 121 (4.6%) cases showed chromosomal aberration. The spontaneous abortion rate was lower among cases allocated to TA‐CVS after 11 weeks of gestation. There were no significant differences in mean pulsatility indices (PI) between maternal, fetal and intraplacental circulation, before and after CVS procedures.Conclusions:  Transabdominal CVS has lower fetal loss rate than transcervical and transvaginal CVS.