bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal Structure of [(C2H5)2(CH3)2N][Pd(dmit)2]2 at High Pressure
Authors: Okano Yoshinori , Adachi Takafumi , Narymbetov Bakhyt , Kobayashi Hayao , Zhou Biau , Kobayashi Akiko 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
The high-pressure crystal structure determination was performed on [(C2H5)2(CH3)2N][Pd(dmit)2]2, which is a unique molecular superconductor with pressure-induced insulating phase above about 7 kbar. The structure analysis at 10 kbar revealed the pressure-induced cation ordering coupled with the doubling of the unit cell.
An Efficient Lutidine-assisted Etherification of Phenols with Alkyl Chloride in Water
Authors: Aki Shinji , Nishi Takao , Minamikawa Jun-ichi 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
An efficient etherification of phenol derivatives with alkyl chloride in water was achieved. The reactivity of the ether bond forming reaction was activated by addition of 2,6-lutidine.
Synthesis of (±)-Sordaricin
Authors: Kitamura Mitsuru , Chiba Shunsuke , Narasaka Koichi 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
(±)-Sordaricin, the aglycon of antifungal sordarin, was synthesized starting from bicyclo[5.3.0]decan-3-one derivative. The strained bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene framework of sordaricin was constructed by the palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Tsuji–Trost reaction.
Synthesis of Manganese Oxide Nanofibers by Selfassembling Hydrothermal Process
Authors: Tian Zhibin , Feng Qi , Sumida Naoto , Makita Yoji , Ooi Kenta 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
Manganese oxide nanofibers with layered structure and γ-MnOOH structure have been prepared from a layered manganese oxide by using a self-assembling hydrothermal process. This process includes preparation of manganese oxide nanosheets by exfoliating the layered manganese oxide, self-assembling the nanosheets with a cationic surfactant into a nanocomposite, and transforming the nanocomposite into the nanofibers under hydrothermal conditions.
Photocatalytic Water Splitting into H2 and O2 over R2Ti2O7 (R = Y, Rare Earth) with Pyrochlore Structure
Authors: Abe Ryu , Higashi Masanobu , Zou Zhigang , Sayama Kazuhiro , Abe Yoshimoto 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
Titanate pyrochlores R2Ti2O7 (R = Y, rare earth) were synthesized by a polymerized complex (PC) technique and used as photocatalysts for the splitting of water into H2 and O2. NiOx-loaded Y2Ti2O7, the first example of an active photocatalyst with a pyrochlore structure, demonstrated efficient evolution of H2 and O2 in a stoichiometric ratio from pure water under UV-light irradiation, whereas R2Ti2O7 compounds with partly filled 4f orbitals showed quite low activity.
A Novel Process Utilizing Subcritical Water to Remove Lead from Wasted Lead Silicate Glass
Authors: Miyoshi Hiroshi , Chen Danping , Akai Tomoko 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
Lead was removed from lead silicate glass 7.3Na2O–6.4K2O–3.7MgO–5.4CaO–66.4SiO2–7.8PbO–3Al2O3 (mol %), used in color television CRT funnel, utilizing a subcritical hydrothermal treatment at 628 K and 24 MPa followed by acid leaching at 373 K. This process may be used to prevent disposal of lead containing waste glass wares to landfills, reduce environmental risks in future.
A Remarkable Effect of Alkali Addition in the Oxidative Carbonylation of Methanol to Dimethyl Carbonate Catalyzed by a Polymer-complexed Cu(II) Catalyst System
Authors: Feng Wei-Liang , Cao Yong , Yi Nan , Dai Wei-Lin , Fan Kang-Nian 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
The presence of a small amount of alkali additive in the polymer-complexed copper catalysts can lead to a remarkable increase in the reaction efficiency for the oxidative carbonylation of methanol to dimethyl carbonate.
Silica-supported Sodium Hydrogen Sulfate and Amberlyst-15 : Two Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysts for Single-step Synthesis of 4(3H)-Quinazolinones from Anthranilic Acid, Ortho Esters, and Amines under Solvent Free Conditions
Authors: Das Biswanath , Banerjee Joydeep 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
The single step synthesis of 4(3H)-quinazolinones has been carried out efficiently by coupling of the three components, anthranilic acid, ortho esters, and amines in the presence of silica-supported sodium hydrogen sulfate (NaHSO4·SiO2) or Amberlyst-15 as a heterogeneous catalyst. The reaction occurred within a few minutes under solvent free conditions to afford the products in excellent yields. One of the catalysts, Amberlyst-15 can be recovered and recycled.
Copper(II) Triflate-mediated Addition Reaction of α-Sulfurated Alkylstannanes to Imines: Facile Synthesis of Vicinal-amino Sulfides
Authors: Kagoshima Hirotaka , Takahashi Naoshi 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
In the presence of copper(II) triflate, the addition reaction of α-sulfurated alkylstannanes to imines proceeded smoothly to give the corresponding vicinal-amino sulfides in good yields.
Novel π-Extended Donors Containing a 2,2,5,5-Tetramethylpyrrolin-1-yloxyl Radical Designed for Magnetic Molecular Conductors
Authors: Fujiwara Emiko , Kobayashi Akiko , Fujiwara Hideki , Sugimoto Toyonari , Kobayashi Hayao 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
We synthesized π-extended donors for magnetic conductors that contain a stable 2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolin-1-yloxyl radical, and cleared their structure and physical properties. We also discussed the conducting and magnetic properties of cation radical salts of the synthesized donor.
Transforming Growth Factor-β Isoform Expression in the Perisutural Tissues of Craniosynostotic Rabbits
Authors: Poisson Elyane , Sciote James J. , Koepsel Richard , Cooper Gregory M. , Opperman Lynne A. , Mooney Mark P. 
Published: June 2004

Objective To describe the expression patterns of the various transforming growth factor-β (Tgf-β) isoforms, known to be involved in suture development, in the perisutural tissues of rabbits with naturally occurring craniosynostosis and relate such differential expression to the pathogenesis of premature suture fusion. Method Twenty-one coronal sutures were harvested from six wild-type control New Zealand White rabbits and five rabbits with familial coronal suture synostosis at 25 days of age for histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. Tgf-β isoform immunoreactivity was assessed using indirect immunoperoxidase procedures with specific antibodies. Results Synostosed sutures had significantly (p < .01) greater bone area and relatively more osteoblasts and osteocytes in the osteogenic fronts, compared with wild-type sutures. Tgf-β isoform immunoreactivity showed differential staining patterns between wild-type and synostosed perisutural tissues. In wild-type sutures, Tgf-β1 and Tgf-β3 immunoreactivity was significantly (p < .001) greater than Tgf-β2 staining in all perisutural tissues. In synostosed sutures, the opposite pattern was observed, with Tgf-β2 immunoreactivity significantly (p < .001) greater than Tgf-β1 and Tgf-β3 in the osteogenic fronts, dura mater, and periosteum. Conclusions Findings from this study suggest that an overexpression of Tgf-β2, either in isolation or in association with an underexpression of Tgf-β1 and Tgf-β3, may be related to premature suture fusion (craniosynostosis) in this pathological rabbit model. These abnormal expression patterns may be involved in premature suture fusion either through increased cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis of the osteoblasts or both at the osteogenic fronts.
Smoking and Orofacial Clefts: A United Kingdom–Based Case-Control Study
Authors: Little J. , Cardy A. , Arslan M. T. , Gilmour M. , Mossey P. A. ,   The ITS MAGIC collaboration includes, Clayton-Smith Jill , Connor Mike , Crampin Lisa , FitzPatrick David , Fryer Alan , Gilmour Mhairi , Hill Alison , Little Julian , Mossey Peter , Nevin Norman , Russell Joyce , Whiteford Margo 
Published: June 2004

Objective To investigate the association between smoking and orofacial clefts in the United Kingdom. Design Case-control study in which the mother's exposure to tobacco smoke was assessed by a structured interview. Setting Scotland and the Manchester and Merseyside regions of England. Participants One hundred ninety children born with oral cleft between September 1, 1997, and January 31, 2000, and 248 population controls, matched with the cases on sex, date of birth, and region. Main Outcome Measure Cleft lip with or without cleft palate and cleft palate. Results There was a positive association between maternal smoking during the first trimester of pregnancy and both cleft lip with or without cleft palate (odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 3.1) and cleft palate (odds ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 4.1). There was evidence of a dose-response relationship for both types of cleft. An effect of passive smoking could not be excluded in mothers who did not smoke themselves. Conclusion The small increased risk for cleft lip with or without cleft palate in the offspring of women who smoke during pregnancy observed in this study is in line with previous evidence. In contrast to some previous studies, an increased risk was also apparent for cleft palate. In these U.K. data, there was evidence of a dose-response effect of maternal smoking for both types of cleft. The data were compatible with a modest effect of maternal passive smoking, but the study lacked statistical power to detect or exclude such an effect with confidence. It may be useful to incorporate information on the effects of maternal smoking on oral clefts into public health campaigns on the consequences of maternal smoking.
Morphological Evaluation of Changes in Velopharyngeal Function following Maxillary Distraction in Patients with Repaired Cleft Palate during Mixed Dentition
Authors: Satoh Koichi , Nagata Junko , Shomura Kenji , Wada Takeshi , Tachimura Takashi , Fukuda Jinichi , Shiba Ryosuke 
Published: June 2004

Objective To describe the morphological changes of nasopharyngeal components after maxillary distraction and clarify whether the morphological characteristics are related to velopharyngeal function (VPF). Design Perceptual judgments of hypernasality and nasendoscopy were performed before and after treatment. Lateral cephalograms were obtained to describe the morphological changes. Setting Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Miyazaki Medical College, Miyazaki, Japan. Participants Nine patients with repaired cleft palate in the mixed dentition stage underwent maxillary distraction using a face mask and an intraoral fixed appliance system. Outcome Measures The severity of hypernasality, velopharyngeal insufficiency, and measurements such as pharyngeal depth, velar length, and the rotation of the palatal plane were evaluated. Results Increase in pharyngeal depth was not always proportional to the amount of advancement. It depended on the posture of the posterior pharyngeal wall and the rotation of palatal plane. Conclusion Cephalometric measurements of the nasopharynx before and after surgery confirmed subsequent changes in VPF. These were suggested to be useful in predicting future VPF. When performing maxillary distraction in patients with cleft palate in the mixed dentition stage, and when velopharyngeal closure is found to occur by velar contact against the hypertrophied adenoid, patients should be counseled about risks of subsequent deterioration in their speech before surgery.
Adolescents’ Perspectives on Living and Growing up with Treacher Collins Syndrome: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Beaune Laura , Forrest Christopher R. , Keith Tracy 
Published: June 2004

Objective This study explored the experiences and essences of growing up and living with Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) from an adolescent perspective. Design A qualitative approach using the long interview method was used to explore the adolescents’ experiences. Semistructured interviews and peer debriefing techniques were used to gather and verify data with each participant. Participants A purposive sampling technique was used to recruit a sample of six adolescents with TCS, ranging in age from 12 to 18 years, who received care from a craniofacial center in a large pediatric hospital. Results The themes central to the adolescents’ experiences were balancing sameness and difference and the journey toward social and self-acceptance. Five subthemes further described this experience: reconstructing perceptions of others; making meaning of the difference; forming friendships and fitting in; handling staring and teasing; and excelling. Conclusions The study group described good psychosocial adjustment, experienced an increasing acceptance of self, TCS, and social acceptance over time and demonstrated resilient adaptive strategies (optimism, motivation, and positive meaning making). They were, however, also challenged by the social stigma associated with difference and by the challenges of finding a good fit in their school environments in meeting unique needs, particularly in their early grades. This study highlights the value of using a qualitative research approach in furthering our understanding of the experiences of children and youth with facial differences.
Mandibular Morphology in Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Swennen Gwen , Berten Johannes-Ludwig , Kramer Franz-Josef , Malevez Chantal , De Mey Albert , Schwestka-Polly Rainer , Hausamen Jarg-Erich 
Published: June 2004

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare mandibular morphology and spatial position in children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) treated at two different cleft centers (Hannover and Brussels) following different surgical treatment protocols. Patients A total of 62 Caucasian children (40 boys, 22 girls) with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) were evaluated by means of conventional cephalometric analysis at approximately the age of 10 years. Data of both cleft groups were compared with a control, noncleft group (n = 40) matched according to age and sex. Interventions The Hannover children with cleft (n = 36) underwent lip repair at a mean age of 5.83 ± 1.16 months. The hard and soft palates were closed at a mean age of 29.08 ± 4.68 and 32.25 ± 4.29 months, respectively. The Brussels children with cleft (n = 26) were treated according to the Malek surgical protocol with soft palate repair at a mean age of 3.04 ± 0.20 months and simultaneous lip and hard palate repair at a mean age of 6.15 ± 0.68 months. Results Statistical analysis (analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey's test) showed a significant (p = .001) smaller mandibular ramus length (Co-Go) in the Brussels cleft group, compared with the control group. The Hannover-Brussels comparison data revealed that the S-N-B angle was significantly (p = .047) less in the Brussels cleft group. Conclusions The influence of surgical procedures in patients with UCLP might not be restricted to the maxilla but could influence mandibular spatial position to the cranial base. Because of these positional changes of the mandible, both cleft groups showed facial balance.
Craniofacial Morphology in Children with Complete Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: Does Infantile Size of the Premaxilla Predetermine Outcome?
Authors: Liao Yu-Fang , Huang Chiung-Shing , Tsai Ya-Yu , Noordhoff M. Samuel 
Published: June 2004

Objective To evaluate the possible association between the size of the premaxilla in infants and craniofacial morphology in children with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (CBCLP) and identify the characteristics of craniofacial morphology in children with CBCLP with median facial dysplasia (MFD). Design Retrospective study. Setting A university hospital craniofacial center. Subjects Thirty-four patients with nonsyndromic CBCLP, 24 boys and 10 girls, had large premaxilla (LP group). Thirty-six patients with nonsyndromic CBCLP, 16 boys and 20 girls, had small premaxilla (SP group). Thirteen CBCLP patients with MFD, five boys and eight girls (MFD group). Main Outcome Measures Infant maxillary dental cast at the age of 1 year was used to measure the size of the premaxilla. Cephalometric analysis was used to determine craniofacial morphology in children at the age of 5 years. Results The size of the premaxilla in infants with CBCLP varied greatly. The LP group tended to have a longer maxilla and a more protruded maxilla, producing a better interjaw relation. The opposite phenomena were observed in the MFD group; the SP group yielded results between those of the LP and the MFD groups. Conclusion The size of the premaxilla in infants with CBCLP can be used to predetermine subsequent craniofacial morphology at the age of 5 years. Children with nonsyndromic CBCLP had craniofacial characteristics that differed significantly from those of children with CBCLP with median facial dysplasia.
Combined Surgical/Orthodontic Treatment and Autotransplantation of a Premolar in a Patient with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: De Muynck Stijn , Verdonck Anna , Schoenaers Joseph , Carels Carine 
Published: June 2004

Objective The treatment of a patient with a complete unilateral left cleft lip and palate, agenesis of the left upper second premolar, and a severely malformed left upper lateral incisor is reported. Treatment included placement of an autologous bone graft from the left iliac crest into the alveolar cleft at 8 years of age and transplantation of a lower premolar into the reconstructed alveolar process at 10 years of age. During the succeeding orthodontic treatment, the dental arches were aligned and corrected toward a Class I molar occlusion. One year after the end of treatment, the status of the transplanted premolar was good.
Prepubertal Midface Growth in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate following Alveolar Molding and Gingivoperiosteoplasty
Authors: Lee Catherine T. H. , Grayson Barry H. , Cutting Court B. , Brecht Lawrence E. , Lin Wen Yuan 
Published: June 2004

Objectives To examine the long-term effect of nasoalveolar molding and gingivoperiosteoplasty (modified Millard type) on midface growth at prepuberty. Procedures In this retrospective study, 20 consecutive patients with a history of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate were evaluated. Ten patients had nasoalveolar molding and gingivoperiosteoplasty performed at lip closure; 10 control patients had nasoalveolar molding but no gingivoperiosteoplasty because of late start in treatment or poor compliance. A single surgeon (C.B.C.) performed all surgical procedures. Standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs were evaluated at two time periods: T1 at pre–bone-grafting age and T2 at prepuberty age. Superimposition and cephalometric analysis were undertaken to investigate the two groups. Two cephalometric reference planes, sella-nasion and basion-nasion, were used to assess the vertical and sagittal relations of the midface (ANS-PNS). The reference landmarks were procrustes fitted. The mean location and variance of ANS and PNS landmarks were computed. All results were analyzed by permutation test. Results No significant difference in mean location or variance of ANS-PNS in both vertical and sagittal planes at both T1 and T2 periods were found between the two groups (p > .05). Conclusions The results suggested that midface growth in sagittal or vertical planes (up to the age of 9 to 13 years) were not affected by presurgical alveolar molding and gingivoperiosteoplasty (Millard type).
Overdiagnosis and Medication for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children with Cleft: Diagnostic Examination and Follow-Up
Authors: Richman Lynn C. , Ryan Susan , Wilgenbusch Tammy , Millard Tom 
Published: June 2004

Objective To examine the diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with cleft to determine whether language-learning characteristics are taken into account when making this diagnosis. Design Prospective examination of 177 consecutive patients. Objective behavioral ratings, cognitive assessments, and attention/impulsivity testing of 32 of the 177 children with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (CLP) who had previously been diagnosed as ADHD and were receiving medication were performed. the prospective 6- to 9-month follow-up examination was examined to determine the accuracy of prior and posttest diagnoses. Setting University hospital-based cleft palate clinic. Main Outcome Measures Pretest/posttest design to determine accuracy of DSM-IV psychiatric diagnosis. Results and Conclusions The results show that the proportion of children originally diagnosed with ADHD (18%) was significantly higher than posttest diagnosis of ADHD (6% p < .001). Also, the frequency of pretest diagnosis of learning disorder (LD; 31%) was significantly different from posttest diagnosis (66% p < .01). The overdiagnosis of ADHD and underdiagnosis of LD in this sample of children with nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate appears to be due to lack of language-learning assessment.
Early Craniofacial Morphology and Growth in Children with Bilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Hermann N. V. , Darvann T. A. , Jensen B. L. , Dahl E. , Bolund S. , Kreiborg S. 
Published: June 2004

Purpose Analysis of craniofacial morphology and growth in children with bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCCLP), compared with a control group with unilateral incomplete cleft lip (UICL), before any treatment as well as 20 months after lip closure. Material The children were drawn from a group representing all Danish children with cleft born 1976 to 1981. Sixty-four children were included in the study (19 BCCLP and 45 UICL). The ages were 2 and 22 months at examinations 1 and 2, respectively. Method The method of investigation was infant cephalometry in three projections. The craniofacial morphology was analyzed using linear, angular, and area variables. Growth was defined as the displacement vector from the coordinate of the corresponding landmark in the x-ray at examination 1 to its coordinate at examination 2, corrected for x-ray magnification. The growth of an anatomical region in a patient was assessed by investigating the growth pattern formed by a collection of individual growth vectors in that region. Results The BCCLP group differed significantly from the UICL group. The most striking findings in BCCLP were an extremely protruding premaxilla; markedly increased posterior maxillary width; increased width of the nasal cavity; short maxilla with reduced posterior height; short mandible; bimaxillary retrognathia; severe reduction in the size of the pharyngeal airway; and a more vertical facial growth pattern. Conclusion Our findings indicate that a facial type including a wide and posterior short maxilla, short mandible, and bimaxillary retrognathia might be a liability factor that increases the probability of developing cleft lip and palate.