bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
M1 Cholinergic Signaling Modulates Cytokine Levels and Splenocyte Sub-Phenotypes Following Cecal Ligation and Puncture
Authors: Abraham Mabel N , Nedeljkovic-Kurepa Ana , Fernandes Tiago , Yaipen Omar , Brewer Mariana R , Taylor Matthew D , Deutschman Clifford 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: The contribution of the central nervous system to sepsis pathobiology is incompletely understood. In previous studies, administration of endotoxin to mice decreased activity of the vagus anti-inflammatory reflex. Treatment with the centrally-acting M1/M4 muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor (M1/M4AChR) attenuated this endotoxin-mediated change. We hypothesize that decreased M1/M4AChR-mediated activity contributes to inflammation following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), a mouse model of sepsis.
Methods: Basal forebrain cholinergic activity (immunostaining), serum cytokine/chemokine levels (ELISA) and splenocyte subtypes (flow cytometry) were examined at baseline and following CLP in male C57BL/6 male mice.
Rersults: At 48hrs. post-CLP, activity in basal forebrain cells expressing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was half of that observed at baseline. Lower activity was also noted in the hippocampus, which contains projections from ChAT-expressing basal forebrain neurons. Serum levels of TNFα, IL-1β, MIP-1α, IL-6, KC and G-CSF were higher post-CLP than at baseline. Post-CLP numbers of splenic macrophages and inflammatory monocytes, TNFa+ and ILb+ neutrophils and ILb+ monocytes were higher than baseline while numbers of central Dendritic Cells (cDCs), CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were lower. When, following CLP, mice were treated with xanomeline, a central-acting M1AChR agonist, activity in basal forebrain ChAT-expressing neurons and in the hippocampus was significantly higher than in untreated animals. Post-CLP serum concentrations of TNFα, IL-1β, and MIP-1α, but not of IL-6, KC and G-CSF, were significantly lower in xanomline-treated mice than in untreated mice. Post-CLP numbers of splenic neutrophils, macrophages, inflammatory monocytes and TNFα+ neutrophils also were lower in xanomeline-treated mice than in untreated animals. The effects of CLP on percentages of IL-1β+ neutrophils, IL-1β+ monocytes, cDCs, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells were similar in xanomeline - treated and untreated post-CLP mice.
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that M1/M4AChR-mediated responses modulate CLP-induced alterations in the distribution of some, but not all, leukocyte phenotypes and certain cytokines and chemokines.
Correlation of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1RA) gene polymorphisms in various cancers
Authors: Muthaiah Duraipandian , G Neethirajan , S Karuthapandian , G Shiyamala , M Abdul kapur , M Yuvarani , V Rama , K Kavitha 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Cancer is the widely distributed deadly disease to plants and animals including humans. There are many genes or proteins involved cancer development specifically the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes or mutant proteins. The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist cytokine genes are to modulate the interleukin-1 genes immune and inflammatory responses. The interleukin gene families also involved in the progression of tumorigenesis and angiogenesis of certain cancers development.
Methods
In this study, there are three kinds of cancers such as breast cancer, cervical cancer and lung cancers blood DNA isolated by salting out method and molecular identification of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphisms by using polymerase chain reaction and analysis in the agarose gel electrophoresis and finally the statistical analysis also performed to find the significance.
Results
The blood was collected from different cancer patients and done the DNA quantification and get the different sizes of DNA bands in 2% agarose gel. Further done the polymerase chain reaction method with of Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTR) of IL-1RA gene, from the result different sizes of DNA bands identified for confirmation of the IL-1RA genes responsible for against the cancer will increased significantly due to decrease in among all cancer types. The p-values of breast cancer, cervical cancer and lung cancer were p = 0.329, 0.190 and 0.346 respectively. The statistical analysis of genotype frequency of cervical cancer showed the greater significance.
Conclusions
In conclusion this is the novel and first report on IL-1RA in various cancers among south india. IL-1RA variable tandem repeat polymorphic profile might have served as the biomarker for the diagnosis purpose of the breast cancer and lung and may have the function in the host immune responses in the local and general environments of gynaecological cancers. IL-1RA decreases tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis.
Altered Gut Microbiota as a Potential Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease in Diabetes: A Two-Sample Bi-Directional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Zeng Zhaopei , Liang Diefei , Chen Yu , Wei Feng , Fu Yuan , Zhang Jiarui , Zhang Xinyi , Qiu Junxiong , Lin Liling , Zheng Junmeng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Alterations in the gut microbiota are closely associated with type 2 diabetes(T2D) and its complications, specifically coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the causal relationship between gut microbiota and diabetic coronary artery disease (DCAD) remains unknown.
Methods
We conducted two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) causality analyses using data from the DIAGRAM, GERA, UKB, FHS, and mibioGen cohorts. By filtering the genome-wide association study (GWAS) databases for type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, gut microbiota, and metabolites, we explored potential connections between the gut microbiota and DCAD.
Results
Oxalobacter formigenes was found to be causally correlated with both T2D and CAD. Every 10-unit increase in host genetic-dependent T2D risk increases the risk of increased family Oxalobacteraceae (Beta = 0.061, 95% CI = 0.002, 0.119) abundance by 6.1%. Each 10-unit increase in the abundance of genus Oxalobacter (Beta = 0.082, 95% CI = 0.026, 0.137) increased the risk of host genetic CAD in the host by 8.2%. This is potentially an important pathway by which T2D increases the risk of CAD by influencing the gut microbiota. The risk of CAD associated with Methanobacteria, providing direction for research on mechanisms underlying trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and the causal role of carnitine in preventing the development of CAD. In addition, provided evidence for a causal relationship between elevated proline, lysophosphatidylcholine, asparagine and salicylurate and T2D as well as CAD.
Conclusions
The sensitivity analysis of study offers compelling evidence that alterations in the Oxalobacter formigenes are probably a risk for DCAD, and that DCAD also affects the abundance of parts of the gut microbiota. Increased blood TMAO concentrations in patients with CAD are potentially associated decreased abundance of methanogens.
Understanding energy limiting behavior in different climate zones: case studies of three utility service regions
Authors: Cong Shuchen , Nock Destenie , Laasme Häly , Qiu Yueming (Lucy) , Xing Bo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Energy limiting behavior varies based on regional temperature, leading to different types and levels of energy poverty. We investigate annual household-level electricity consumption patterns of utility customers in three utility regions, one in each a cold, moderate, and hot climate zone, and quantify the proportion of each sample population that would fall into the different categories of energy poverty and insecurity, including those waiting till it's too hot into the summer to turn on their cooling systems, those with higher energy burden, and those likely lacking a working air conditioner or barely using their air conditioner during the cooling season. The ComEd utility region in northern Illinois had roughly equal populations that fall into each category, whereas, in the Utility X region in the Mid-Atlantic, we observe more households turning on their cooling systems when it’s past 78°F than those who do not have an AC or those with energy burden above 6%. In the SRP region in central Arizona, high energy burden and high cooling turn-on points dominate, while very few households have no working AC. Despite the small number of homes without a working AC, this finding is significant as we commonly assume all households in hot climates have ACs. Policy implications of these findings point to a need to establish localized strategies to mitigate different forms of energy poverty and the potential scope impact of these strategies.
Social accountability of medical school, is it sufficient? A regional medical school curriculum and approaches to equip graduates for rural and remote medical services
Authors: Noya Farah , Carr Sandra , Thompson Sandra 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background Faculty of Medicine Universitas Pattimura (FMUP) aims to provide skills and preparedness for rural and remote (RR) medical workforce beyond the national curriculum. However, how the curriculum has influenced graduates’ preparedness has yet to be evaluated in a real work setting. This study aimed to capture the perspective of medical graduates of FMUP regarding the rural focus of the curriculum based on the teaching and learning opportunities provided for them during medical school. The findings will be important for assessing regional medical schools’ accountability in providing quality service, especially in underserved areas.Methods Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with nine FMUP graduates working in the RR areas of Maluku Province. A phenomenological qualitative analysis was utilised to explore their perspective of graduates.Results The FMUP curriculum, based on its social accountability, has prepared graduates to some extent for work in Maluku RR conditions. However, the participants felt that their skills and preparedness are often inadequate for the substandard working environments they encounter.Conclusions With its social responsibility, the regional medical school has assisted the government in preparing medical workforce to work in the RR areas. However, the social accountability demonstrated and the benefit of the rural-focused curriculum for medical graduates RR preparedness cannot sufficiently address community health needs when low standard conditions for practise overshadows their efforts. Addressing the RR working situations requires political action to invest in standard medical/healthcare facilities and equipment. In doing so, medical graduates could work more effectively and better serve their RR communities to improve their health status.
Soil water repellency in the Brazilian neotropical savanna: first detection, seasonal effect, and influence on infiltrability
Authors: Oliveira Juliana Farias de Lima , Filho Sérgio Fernandes Mendonça , Salemi Luiz Felippe 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Soil water repellency (SWR) has been detected worldwide in various biomes and climates. However, this phenomenon has not been shown yet in the Brazilian neotropical savanna. The present study addresses the following questions: a) Does SWR occur in the Brazilian neotropical savanna? If so, b) does it exhibit seasonality? c) Does it influence infiltration? To do that, we selected two similar study areas covered by the same soil and vegetation types. We performed water repellency and infiltration tests in both areas during the transition from dry to wet season. Our results indicate that SWR occurs in soils of the Brazilian neotropical savanna only during the dry season and does not influence soil water infiltration. The likely cause of SWR might be related to the chemical composition of soil organic matter since neotropical savanna plants produce hydrophobic substances as a survival strategy, especially during the dry season.
The efficacy and safety of PD-1 inhibitor combined with TACE in the first-line treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Qing-Qing , Wang Xiang-Xu , Ji Hong-Chen , Dou Qiong-Yi , Zhang Hong-Mei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has changed the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a first-line treatment for intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma. serving as a local inducer of immunogenic cell death, the efficacy and safety of combined use with ICI have not been evaluated. Although there have been prospective studies aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of ICI combined with TACE in BCLC stage B HCC patients, there are few reports on the evaluation of BCLC stage C patients with distant metastasis or portal vein cancer thrombus.
Method: Data of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma patients received PD-1 inhibitor and TACE were collected in Xijing Hospital from June 2019 to December 2022. The tumor response was evaluated according to the Solid Tumor Modified Response Evaluation Standard (mRECIST), including complete response (CR), partial response (PR), disease stability (SD), disease progression (PD)，objective response rate (ORR) ,and disease control rate (DCR).The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were used to estimate therapy efficacy. The treatment-related adverse events were evaluated based on National Cancer Institute Common Adverse Event Evaluation Criteria (CTCAE) version 5.0.
Result:A total of 42 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma were included in this study, including 34 males (80.5%) and 8 females (19.5%); The average age is 55 years, ranging from (34 - 72); The median follow-up time was 12.3 months, with an ORR of 42.9% and a DCR of 90.5% as of the follow-up time; The median PFS is 7.5 months (95% CI: 5.76-9.23), and the median OS has not yet been reached; 6-months PFS was 62.2%. Safety analysis showed that 41 (97.6%) patients experienced treatment-related adverse reactions, mainly including elevated AST and ALT, fever, elevated bilirubin, hypothyroidism, nausea, abdominal pain, and rash. 40 patients had grade 1/2 adverse reactions, and only 1 patient had grade 3 adverse reactions, manifested as intolerable rash, nausea, and vomiting. Treatment was terminated due to symptomatic treatment and discontinuation of medication. In this study, 3patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma were treated with PD-1 inhibitor combined with TACE to achieve good tumor reduction effect, and underwent liver cancer resection surgery.
Conclusion: For patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, whether in BCLC stage B or stage C, effective systemic therapy (PD-1 inhibitor) combined with local therapy (TACE) can achieve a high rate of tumor regression and objective response. Some patients may even pursue surgical treatment opportunities, and the treatment related adverse reactions are controllable, which is expected to provide new options for extending survival of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
Impact of User’s Background Knowledge and Characteristics of Colonic Polyps on Lesion Recognition during Colonoscopy with Computer-aided Detection
Authors: Lee Jooyoung , Cho Woo Sang , Kim Byeong Soo , Yoon Dan , Kim Jeong , Song Ji Hyun , Yang Sun Young , Lim Seon Hee , Chung Goh Eun , Choi Ji Min , Han Yoo Min , Kong Hyoun-Joong , Lee Jung Chan , Kim Sungwan , Bae Jung Ho 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Interaction between endoscopists and computer-aided detection (CADe) could be crucial in determining the effectiveness of CADe-assisted colonoscopy. This study investigated the effects of CADe on the recognition of diverse colorectal polyps by the endoscopy department staffs with varying experience levels. A computerized test module with 300 colonoscopy images was developed to measure changes in the polyp recognition performance with or without CADe assistance. The effect sizes of CADe for the nurse, fellow, and expert groups were evaluated based on polyp features including histopathology and detection difficulty. The CADe system demonstrated the following standalone performance rates during polyp detection: 79.0% accuracy, 78.5% sensitivity, and 80.3% specificity. Detection accuracy among participants was significantly improved with CADe assistance (odd ratio, 1.88; p < 0.001). Furthermore, it was observed that when the CADe system was precise, the likelihood of participants accurately identifying lesions increased by an average of 2.87fold (odd ratio, nurse group: 6.78; fellow group: 2.15; expert group: 2.18). However, synergistic effect that exceeded the standalone performance of CADe was only observed for the detection of adenomas and easily detectable lesions. The effect size and synergism of CADe and humans for polyp recognition could vary based on the user’s experience level and polyp characteristics.
Ultrabroadband Visible to Mid-wave Infrared PbS/HgTe Colloidal Quantum Dot Imagers
Authors: Tang Xin , Tan Yimei , Bi Cheng , Mu Ge , Zhao Pengfei , Chen Menglu , Liu Yanfei , Hao Qun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Photodetection over a broad spectral range is invaluable for multispectral sensing and imaging. Despite that single-element detectors with high performance and wide spectral detection ranges have been achieved with various low-dimension materials, broadband focal plane array imagers have been rarely reported. Here, we propose a stacked PbS/HgTe colloidal quantum dot photodetector configuration with graded energy gaps, which leads to an ultrabroadband spectral response from visible to mid-wave infrared (MWIR) with excellent sensitivity and detection performance. More importantly, an ultrabroadband focal plane array imager with a resolution of 640 × 512 has been fabricated and the results show low photoresponse non-uniformity (PRNU) down to 6%. The noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) of the broadband imager is as low as 34 mK, and high-resolution thermal images have been demonstrated. With a set of optical filters, red, green, blue, short-wave infrared, MWIR, and multispectral merged images have been captured.
Quantitative analysis of myocardial blood flow in surgically revascularized and not revascularized myocardial segments. A pilot PET study
Authors: Grandinetti Maria , Locorotondo Gabriella , Leccisotti Lucia , Guarneri Andrea , Bruno Piergiorgio , Marcolini Alberta , Farina Piero , Gaudino Mario F. , Lanza Gaetano A. , Crea Filippo , Giordano Alessandro , Massetti Massimo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
to prospectively compare changes in myocardial blood flow (MBF) and myocardial flow reserve (MFR) in multivessel coronary artery disease (MVCAD) patients undergoing incomplete revascularization (IR) versus complete revascularization (CR) by coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
Methods
Seven male patients (age 68 ± 9 years) with MVCAD, underwent myocardial perfusion PET/CT with [13N]ammonia before and at least 4 months after CABG. Segmental resting and stress MBF as well as MFR were measured. Resting and during stress left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) were also calculated.
Results
Three patients (43%) underwent CR and 4 (57%) IR. Among 119 myocardial segments, 101 (85%) were revascularized, and 18 (15%) were not. After CABG, stress MBF (mL/min/gr) and MFR significantly increased in all myocardial segments, with a greater increase in the revascularized segments (p = 0.013). In both groups, LVEF significantly decreased during stress at baseline PET (p = 0.04), but not after CABG.
Conclusion
Stress MBF and MFR significantly improve after CABG in both revascularized and not directly revascularized myocardial segments. IR strategy may be considered in patients with high surgical risk for CR.
Common Data Element for Disorders of Consciousness: Recommendations from the Working Group on Therapeutic Interventions
Authors: Monti Martin M , Beekman Rachel , Spivak Norman M , Thibaut Aurore , Schnakers Caroline , Whyte John , Molteni Erika 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background. Over the past thirty years, there have been significant advances in the understanding of the mechanisms associated with loss and recovery of consciousness following severe brain injury. This work has provided a strong grounding for the development of novel restorative therapeutic interventions. While all interventions are aimed at modulating, and thereby restoring, brain function, the landscape of existing interventions encompasses a very wide scope of techniques and protocols. Despite vigorous research efforts, few approaches have been assessed with rigorous, high-quality, randomized controlled trials. As a growing number of exploratory interventions emerge, it is paramount to develop standardized approaches to reporting results. The successful evaluation of novel interventions depends on implementation of shared nomenclature and infrastructure. To address this gap, the Neurocritical Care Society’s Curing Coma Campaign convened nine working groups and charged them with developing Common Data Elements (CDEs). Here, we report the work of the Therapeutic Interventions Working Group.
Methods. The Working Group reviewed existing CDEs relevant to therapeutic interventions within the NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) database and reviewed the literature for assessing key areas of research in the intervention space. CDEs were then proposed, iteratively discussed and reviewed, classified, and organized in a Case Report Form.
Results. We developed a unified CRF, including CDEs and key design elements (KDE; i.e., methodological or protocol parameters), divided into five sections: (i) patient information; (ii) general study information; (iii) behavioral interventions; (iv) pharmacological interventions; and (v) device interventions.
Conclusion. The newly created CRF enhances systematization of future work by proposing a portfolio of measures that should be collected in the development and implementation of studies assessing novel interventions intended to increase the level of consciousness or rate of recovery of consciousness in patients with DoC