bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between the introduction of a national targeted intervention program and the incidence of surgical site infections in Swiss acute care hospitals
Authors: Eder Marcus , Sommerstein Rami , Szelecsenyi Arlette , Schweiger Alexander , Schlegel Matthias , Atkinson Andrew , Kuster Stefan P. , Vuichard-Gysin Danielle , Troillet Nicolas , Widmer Andreas F. ,   for Swissnoso, Balmelli Carlo , Berthod Delphine , Buetti Niccolò , Harbarth Stephan , Jent Philipp , Marschall Jonas , Sax Hugo , Senn Laurence , Sutter Sarah Tschudin , Wolfensberger Aline , Zingg Walter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
In Switzerland, the national surgical site infection (SSI) surveillance program showed a modest decrease in SSI rates for different procedures over the last decade. The study aimed to determine whether a multimodal, targeted intervention program in addition to existing SSI surveillance is associated with decreased SSI rates in the participating hospitals.

Methods
Prospective multicenter pre- and postintervention study conducted in eight Swiss acute care hospitals between 2013 and 2020. All consecutive patients > 18 years undergoing cardiac, colon, or hip/knee replacement surgery were included. The follow-up period was 30 days and one year for implant-related surgery. Patients with at least one follow-up were included. The intervention was to optimize three elements of preoperative management: (i) hair removal; (ii) skin disinfection; and (iii) perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis. We compared SSI incidence rates (main outcome measure) pre- and postintervention (three years each) adjusted for potential confounders. Poisson generalized linear mixed models fitted to quarter-yearly confirmed SSIs and adjusted for baseline differences between hospitals and procedures. Adherence was routinely monitored through on-site visits.

Results
A total of 10 151 patients were included, with a similar median age pre- and postintervention (69.6 and IQR 60.9, 76.8 years, vs 69.5 and IQR 60.4, 76.8 years, respectively; P = 0.55) and similar proportions of females (44.8% vs. 46.1%, respectively; P = 0.227). Preintervention, 309 SSIs occurred in 5 489 patients (5.6%), compared to 226 infections in 4 662 cases (4.8%, P = 0.09) postintervention. The adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) for overall SSI after intervention implementation was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.96, P = 0.02). For cardiac surgery (n = 2 927), the aIRR of SSI was 0.48 (95% CI, 0.32 to 0.72, P < 0.001). For hip/knee replacement surgery (n = 4 522), the aIRR was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.52 to 1.48, P = 0.63), and for colon surgery (n = 2 702), the aIRR was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.75 to 1.14, P = 0.49).

Conclusions
The SSI intervention bundle was associated with a statistically significant decrease in SSI cases. A significant association was observed for cardiac surgery. Adding a specific intervention program can add value compared to routine surveillance only. Further prevention modules might be necessary for colon and orthopedic surgery.
How do COVID-19 re-hiring subsidies affect unemployment duration and incomes in Morocco? An instrumental variable approach
Authors: Abdellatif Chatri , Najia Tahir 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper attempts to estimate the impact of a rehiring subsidy implemented as part of the COVID-19 crisis impact response in Morocco. Using administrative data from the National Social Security Fund, it develops the instrumental variable method to estimate the causal effect of this scheme on unemployment duration and on beneficiaries’ wages. Intended for employees who have previously received unemployment benefits, this subsidy seems to have produced contrasting effects on the beneficiaries. On one hand, it had a “disincentive” effect on their job search efforts, increasing their unemployment duration, compared to non-beneficiaries. On the other hand, it strengthened their power of bargaining and selection, leading them to choose higher paying jobs, compared to those of non-beneficiaries.
Phenome-wide association study on miRNA-related sequence variants: the UK Biobank
Authors: Mustafa Rima , Ghanbari Mohsen , Karhunen Ville , Evangelou Marina , Dehghan Abbas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundGenetic variants in the coding region could directly affect the structure and expression levels of genes and proteins. However, the importance of variants in the non-coding region, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), remain to be elucidated. Genetic variants in miRNA-related sequences could affect their biogenesis or functionality and ultimately affect disease risk. Yet, their implications and pleiotropic effects on many clinical conditions remain unknown.MethodsHere, we utilised genotyping and hospital records data in the UK Biobank (N = 423,419) to investigate associations between 346 genetic variants in miRNA-related sequences and a wide range of clinical diagnoses through phenome-wide association studies. Further, we tested whether changes in blood miRNA expression levels could affect disease risk through colocalisation and Mendelian randomisation analysis.ResultsWe identified 122 associations for six variants in the seed region of miRNAs, nine variants in the mature region of miRNAs, and 27 variants in the precursor miRNAs. These included associations with hypertension, dyslipidaemia, immune-related disorders, and others. Nineteen miRNAs were associated with multiple diagnoses, with six of them associated with multiple disease categories. The strongest association was reported between rs4285314 in the precursor of miR-3135b and celiac disease risk (odds ratio (OR) per effect allele increase = 0.37,P = 1.8 × 10–162). Colocalisation and Mendelian randomisation analysis highlighted potential causal role of miR-6891-3p in dyslipidaemia.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates the pleiotropic effect of miRNAs and offers insights to their possible clinical importance.
Loperamide cases reported to United States poison centers, 2010–2022
Authors: Patel Aaditya , Rine Natalie I. , Spiller Henry A. , Hays Hannah , Badeti Jaahnavi , Zhu Motao , Ding Kele , Smith Gary A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Intentional use of high doses of loperamide has been linked to serious cardiac toxicity. The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristics and trends of loperamide cases reported to United States (US) poison centers and to evaluate the changes in reported loperamide cases following US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warnings, labeling requirements, and packaging restrictions for loperamide starting in 2016, with an emphasis on intentional exposures.

Methods
Data from the National Poison Data System were analyzed.

Results
There were 12,987 cases reported to US poison centers from 2010 to 2022, for which, loperamide was the most likely substance responsible for observed clinical effects. Although 46.1% of these cases were associated with minor or no effect, 13.4% resulted in a serious medical outcome, including 59 deaths (0.5%). Eight percent (8.1%) of cases were admitted to a critical care unit and 5.0% were admitted to a non-critical care unit. Among cases with a serious medical outcome, most were associated with loperamide abuse (38.0%), intentional-misuse (15.7%), or suspected suicide (27.5%). The majority (60.0%; n = 33) of fatalities were related to abuse, followed by suspected suicide (20.0%; n = 11) and intentional-misuse (5.5%, n = 3). The rate of loperamide cases per 100,000 US population reported to US PCs decreased from 0.44 in 2010 to 0.36 in 2015 (p = 0.0290), followed by an increase to 0.46 in 2017 (p = 0.0013), and then a trend reversal with a decrease to 0.28 in 2022 (p < 0.0001). The rate of serious medical outcomes related to loperamide increased from 0.03 in 2010 to 0.05 in 2015 (p = 0.0109), which subsequently increased rapidly to 0.11 in 2017 (p < 0.0001), and then demonstrated a trend reversal and decreased to 0.04 in 2022 (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
FDA warnings, labeling requirements, and packaging restrictions may have contributed to the observed trend reversal and decrease in reports to US poison centers of loperamide cases related to intentional misuse, abuse, and suspected suicide. This demonstrates the potential positive effect that regulatory actions may have on public health. These findings contribute to the evidence supporting the application of similar prevention efforts to reduce poisoning from other medications associated with intentional misuse, abuse, and suicide.
A case of Barrett’s esophageal adenocarcinoma and severe scoliosis with successful salvage esophagectomy after definitive chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Taguchi Daisuke , Yamashita Kotaro , Momose Kota , Tanaka Koji , Makino Tomoki , Saito Takuro , Yamamoto Kazuyoshi , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Severe scoliosis can cause reflux esophagitis, and is a risk factor for Barrett's adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Severe scoliosis is associated with respiratory dysfunction, impaired operative tolerance, and anatomical difficulty in surgical manipulation, and is, therefore, considered a high surgical risk. In this report, we describe the case of a young patient with Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma with severe scoliosis who underwent salvage surgery after radical chemoradiotherapy.

Case presentation
The patient was a 39-year-old male. Although he had severe scoliosis and paraplegia of both lower limbs since childhood, he was independent in activities of daily living. His previous doctor, who diagnosed the esophageal cancer, determined that surgery was not indicated due to the coexistence of severe scoliosis, so he underwent chemoradiotherapy with curative intent. After chemoradiotherapy, the patient was referred to our hospital for a second opinion because of a tumor remnant. After various additional examinations, thoracoscopic and laparoscopic subtotal esophagectomy for esophageal cancer was performed, along with ante-thoracic route reconstruction using a narrow gastric tube. Although the patient had symptoms associated with postoperative reflux, he recovered well overall and was discharged home about 4 weeks after surgery.

Conclusions
We report the case of an esophageal cancer patient with severe scoliosis at high surgical risk who underwent successful minimally invasive esophagectomy.
The effects of saline water preheating and heat recovery in a vapour-based multistage solar still
Authors: Mkhize Mfanafuthi Mthandeni , Msomi Velaphi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe current study complements a broader body of research on solar distillation, including research on heat recycling capabilities and other related factors in multistage solar distillation systems. Solar stills can be used in various applications to provide safe and clean water from natural sources. This study is based on field data collected, analysed, and interpreted over ten (10) months. The solar still operated at atmospheric pressure and produced a distillate by evaporating saline water (SW) at ~ 100 °C. The maximum SW preheating was 75.5 °C with 30,821.04 kJ/m2 day collected by the solar collectors. The corresponding overall thermal efficiency of the test rig was 33.83%. The overall thermal efficiency decreased with increasing wind speed, averaging at 3.12 m/s to 28.31% due to increased heat loss to the environment when 30,780 kJ/m2day was collected. It further declined to 5.89% with low meteorological conditions of 209.81 W/m2, 15.66 °C and 2.66 m/s, respectively, on average. However, the benefits of increased wind speed were enhanced condensation and productivity. The study also found that the ideal thermal energy delivery rate was $$\sim$$
∼
600 W/m2 or an impulsive mode at higher solar insolation. A balanced condensation rate, SW preheating, heat recovery and overall thermal efficiency can be achieved at this delivery rate. A significant correlation was observed, indicating that the simultaneous increase in the average heat input rate and wind velocities positively impacted distillate output. Conversely, low average wind velocity improved overall thermal efficiency, resulting in a distillate output of 6730 ml for the five stacked stages, despite a slight discrepancy of 3.2 W/m2 in the heat input rate.
Impact of tramadol and heroin abuse on electroencephalography structure and cognitive functions
Authors: Badr Marwa Y. , Gad Elsayed A. E. , Mubarak Ahmed A. E. , El-Heneedy Yasser A. A. , Ibrahim Ahmed M. , Belal Asmaa A. E. , Deep Fatma A. El 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Opioids, defined as medicines that stimulate opioid receptors, are primarily used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. They induce central nervous system (CNS) adverse effects. This study aimed to assess the effect of opioids on brain electrical activity, the effect of opioids on cognitive functions, and corroborate whether there was any correlation between changes in brain electrical activity and cognitive functions that may do in opioid addicts.

Methods
This cross-sectional case–control study was performed on 80 cases (divided into two groups 40 cases with tramadol use disorders and 40 cases with heroin use disorders) and 40 age-/sex-matched healthy control. All subjects were subordinated to neuropsychiatric evaluation, assessment of opioid use complaint through history from the case and his relatives, substance monitoring in urine, medicine abuse screening test (DAST), electroencephalography (EEG), and cognitive assessment by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA).

Results
Opioid dependence convinced global cognitive function impairment, specific cognitive disciplines impairment that included visual-conceptual, visual-motor tracking, visual-constructional skills, language function, attention, memory, and orientation. Additionally, affection of the brain’s electrical activities with significant changes compared with control. Comparison of cognitive impairment substantiated by lower cognitive scores in relation to abnormal EEG changes among studied case groups revealed significant differences.

Conclusions
Opioid abusers had a significant impairment of cognitive functions and EEG changes with a significant correlation between changes in brain electrical activity and impairment of cognitive functions.
Population knowledge and commitment regarding a child’s car safety seat after implementation of the new traffic regulations in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alsaeigh A. , Heji ES. , Alamer W. , Alsubhi MY. , Alqurashi A. , Alsulimani LK. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the understanding and adherence to child car safety seat (CSS) guidelines among the general population in the Makkah region of Saudi Arabia following the implementation of new traffic regulations.

Method
A four-section questionnaire addressing knowledge and attitudes regarding CSSs was distributed among the general population of Makkah city in light of new traffic regulations. Data were collected from 487 respondents, and the chi-square test was utilized for statistical analysis.

Results
A total of 144 (29.6%) respondents reported using seat belts before the implementation of new regulations, while 101 (20.7%) started using them afterward. Only 31 (6.4%) stated that they would not use them. A total of 318 (65.3%) reported that their behavior towards using child car safety seats abroad will not change. Additionally, 452 (92.8%) believed that government financial support for car seat costs would increase usage and compliance. The knowledge level among those using CSSs (40.3%) was significantly higher than among those who do not (11.3%) (p = .001).

Conclusions
Most of the respondents believed that governmental financial support for CSS costs will lead to increased compliance. Furthermore, there is a direct correlation between knowledge levels and compliance. Therefore, further investment should be focused on raising awareness and enforcing strict regulations.
The application of implementation science methods in correctional health intervention research: a systematic review
Authors: Van Deinse Tonya B. , Zielinski Melissa J. , Holliday Stephanie Brooks , Rudd Brittany N. , Crable Erika L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Improving access to high-quality healthcare for individuals in correctional settings is critical to advancing health equity in the United States. Compared to the general population, criminal-legal involved individuals experience higher rates of chronic health conditions and poorer health outcomes. Implementation science frameworks and strategies offer useful tools to integrate health interventions into criminal-legal settings and to improve care. A review of implementation science in criminal-legal settings to date is necessary to advance future applications. This systematic review summarizes research that has harnessed implementation science to promote the uptake of effective health interventions in adult criminal-legal settings.

Methods
A systematic review of seven databases (Academic Search Premier, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, Social Work Abstracts, ProQuest Criminal Justice Database, ProQuest Sociological Abstracts, MEDLINE/PubMed) was conducted. Eligible studies used an implementation science framework to assess implementation outcomes, determinants, and/or implementation strategies in adult criminal-legal settings. Qualitative synthesis was used to extract and summarize settings, study designs, sample characteristics, methods, and application of implementation science methods. Implementation strategies were further analyzed using the Pragmatic Implementation Reporting Tool.

Results
Twenty-four studies met inclusion criteria. Studies implemented interventions to address infectious diseases (n=9), substance use (n=6), mental health (n=5), co-occurring substance use and mental health (n=2), or other health conditions (n=2). Studies varied in their operationalization and description of guiding implementation frameworks/taxonomies. Sixteen studies reported implementation determinants and 12 studies measured implementation outcomes, with acceptability (n=5), feasibility (n=3), and reach (n=2) commonly assessed. Six studies tested implementation strategies. Systematic review results were used to generate recommendations for improving implementation success in criminal-legal contexts.

Conclusions
The focus on implementation determinants in correctional health studies reflects the need to tailor implementation efforts to complex organizational and inter-agency contexts. Future studies should investigate policy factors that influence implementation success, design, and test implementation strategies tailored to determinants, and investigate a wider array of implementation outcomes relevant to criminal-legal settings, health interventions relevant to adult and juvenile populations, and health equity outcomes.

Trial registration
A study protocol (CRD42020114111) was registered with Prospero.
Lemierre syndrome: the forgotten disease—a case series
Authors: Salami Arnaud , Assouan Camille , Nasser Dorian , Garba Idrissa , Mourtada Wardatou Dine , Yapo Assi Romaric Evrard , Konan Emmanuel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The aim of this work is to share the authors’ experience and assist therapeutic decision-making in the management of Lemierre syndrome (LS). This is a retrospective descriptive study carried out in the stomatology, maxillofacial surgery, and ENT departments of the teaching hospital of Treichville (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire). LS cases managed from 2013 to 2023 were included in the study.

Results
Eight patients were enrolled (six men and two women). Internal jugular vein thrombosis was unilateral in 7 cases and bilateral in one. No germs were found in four patients. In one patient, a bacterial co-infection was responsible for the thrombosis. Surgical debridement was systematically performed in cases of necrosis. Anticoagulation was justified in three patients. No deaths were observed.

Conclusion
This work describes the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and evolutionary aspects of LS. The management of LS should not be improvised. The choice of surgical debridement and anticoagulation depends on specific situations.
A systematic review of the efficacy of cochlear implantation in adults with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorders
Authors: Aryal Sajana , Sharma Yoshita , Prabhu Prashanth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is characterized by normal outer hair cell functioning alongside compromised auditory nerve activity. Our study is designed with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of cochlear implantation in addressing this disorder among adult individuals.

Methods
The systematic review was carried out using PRISMA guidelines. The review resulted in 288 articles related to the topic. Among these, 11 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria that were included for the study. The studies were evaluated using the Revised Tool for the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies.

Results
We conducted a comprehensive review by examining articles sourced from various databases to investigate the effectiveness of cochlear implantation in individuals diagnosed with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD). The majority of the studies indicate positive outcomes associated with cochlear implantation, resulting in improved audibility and enhanced speech perception abilities. Nonetheless, the prognosis is influenced by a range of factors including the specific location of the auditory lesion, the underlying cause of ANSD, and the nature of postoperative training. The evaluation of article quality revealed a minimal risk of bias, indicating a robust foundation for the conclusions drawn.

Conclusion
The review substantiates the effectiveness of cochlear implantation in addressing the needs of adult individuals dealing with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD). Notably, the review emphasizes that the decision to recommend a cochlear implant should be made in light of the insights derived from genetic testing. However, it is important to highlight that the existing literature lacks a sufficient number of experimental studies featuring appropriately sized samples, underscoring the necessity for future research endeavors to bridge this gap and enhance our understanding of this intervention’s potential.