bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of ultrasound estimation of fetal weight in multiple pregnancies
Authors: Lynch L. , Lapinski R. , Alvarez M. , Lockwood C. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOur objective was to assess the accuracy of ultrasonographic estimation of fetal weight in twins and triplets as compared to singleton pregnancies. Retrospective analysis was undertaken of ultrasound data of all fetuses who underwent an examination within 1 week of delivery (singletons 1832, twins 518, triplets 51).At birth weights below 2500 g, there was a significant overestimation of fetal weight in twins as compared to singletons, but the accuracy of the estimate was the same, except in twins between 1500 and 2499 g, when the weight was based on abdominal circumference and femur length alone. At birth weights of more than 2500 g, no difference was detected between twins and singletons. At all birth weights below 2500 g, the accuracy of weight estimation in triplets was equal to that in singletons and there were no triplets above this weight. We conclude that ultrasonographic estimation of fetal weight is as accurate in twins and triplets as it is in singletons. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Screening for fetal trisomy 21 in the first trimester of pregnancy: maternal serum free β‐hCG and fetal nuchal translucency thickness
Authors: Noble P. L. , Abraha H. D. , Snijders R. J. M. , Sherwood R. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe aim of this prospective study was to measure the contribution of maternal serum free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) in a screening program for fetal trisomy 21 based on fetal nuchal translucency in the first trimester of pregnancy. The maternal serum was collected at the time of the ultrasound scan and assayed without knowledge of the nuchal translucency measurement or karyotype. A total of 2529 pregnancies were examined (normal group, n = 2427: trisomy 21 group, n = 102). Maternal serum free β‐hCG was significantly associated with gestational age and maternal weight. In the trisomy 21 group the free β‐hCG was significantly higher than in the normals, being above the 95th centile in 29% of the cases. There was no significant association between the deviation from the mean for free β‐hCG and nuchal translucency thickness in either the normal or the trisomy 21 groups. When maternal serum free β‐hCG was added to a model based on maternal age and fetal nuchal translucency thickness, the detection rate for trisomy 21 was increased from 80% to 85%. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Longitudinal evaluation of uteroplacental and umbilical blood flow changes in normal early pregnancy
Authors: Coppens M. , Loquet Ph. , Kollen M. , De Neubourg F. , Buytaert Ph. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe hemodynamic changes in the uteroplacental circulation and the umbilical artery were evaluated in normal pregnancy from 8 to 14 weeks' gestation. A 6–9‐MHZ broad‐band transvaginal sonographic transducer combined with pulsed color Doppler was used to scan 37 healthy volunteer pregnant women at weekly intervals. Vascular impedance to blood flow in all examined vessels decreased significantly throughout the first gestational trimester. Resistance to flow was highest in the main uterine artery and decreased towards the spiral artery. When the flow velocity waveform patterns of the arteries under investigation were analyzed, specific changes were observed. The diastolic notch was present in the spiral artery flow velocity waveform in all cases until 10 weeks' gestation. From then, the diastolic notch disappeared progressively and was absent in 100% of cases at 13 weeks. The diastolic notch in the arcuate artery disappeared within 2 weeks of its disappearance in the spiral artery. We could not detect intervillous blood flow during the first 12 weeks. From then on, intervillous flow was observed in most pregnancies, reaching 100% at 14 weeks' gestation. These changes reflect the growth and development of the uteroplacental circulation. The absence of detectable intervillous flow during most of the first trimester confirms the concept that, during the first 3 months of gestation, blood flow to the intervillous space is inhibited by trophoblastic plugs. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fetal heart rate in trisomy 21 and other chromosomal abnormalities at 10–14 weeks of gestation
Authors: Hyett J. A. , Noble P. L. , Snijders R. J. M. , Montenegro N. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFetal heart rate was measured routinely as part of a prospective study examining the efficacy of screening for trisomy 21 by fetal nuchal translucency thickness and maternal age. In 6903 normal singleton pregnancies the fetal heart rate decreased from a mean of 171 bpm at 10 weeks of gestation to 156 bpm at 14 weeks (r = 0.413, p < 0.0001). In 85 trisomy 22 pregnancies, the mean heart rate was significantly higher than in the normal group (mean difference 0.67 SD, 95% confidence interval 0.42–0.92, t = 5.3, p < 0.00l). The fetal heart rate in trisomy 18 and triploid fetuses was significantly lower and in trisomy 13 and Turner syndrome was higher than normal. There was no significant association between delta fetal heart rate and delta nuchal translucency thickness in either the normal (r = −0.018) or the trisomy 21,(r = −0.031) pregnancies. Consequently, the risk for chromosomal defects can be derived by combining data from maternal age, fetal nuchal translucency and fetal heart rate. The effectiveness of screening by this method was examined in a self‐selected population with completed pregnancies that had undergone first‐trimester scanning. This population contained 6903 normal and 29 trisomy 21 fetuses. For a false‐positive rate of about 5%, the sensitivity for trisomy 21 was 48% by maternal age, 26% by fetal heart rate, 72% by nuchal translucency thickness, 59% by maternal age and fetal heart rate, 76% by maternal age and nuchal translucency thickness and 8.3% by a combination of maternal age, nuchal translucency thickness and fetal heart rate. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Abnormalities of the heart and great arteries in chromosomally normal fetuses with increased nuchal translucency thickness at 1l–13 weeks of gestation
Authors: Hyett J. , Moscoso G. , Papapanagiotou G. , Perdu M. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPathological examination of trisomic fetuses with increased nuchal translucency thickness at 1l–13 weeks of gestation demonstrated a high prevalence of cardiac defects and abnormalities of the great arteries. This study reports the pathological findings observed from the examination of the heart and great arteries of 21 chromosomally normal fetuses with increased nuchal translucency. In 19 of the 21 cases there were abnormalities the commonest was narrowing of the aorta at the level of the isthmus and immediately above the aortic valve. This finding is different from that in case of trisomy 21, where narrowing of the isthmus is associated with an increased diameter of the aortic valve. These findings suggest that abnormarlities of the heart and great arteries may be implicated in the pathogenesis of increased nuchal translucency not only in trisomic fetuses but also in chromosomally normal fetuses. It can be implied that increased nuchal translucency thickness at 10–14 weeks of gestation may prove to be a useful marker for the identification of fetal cardiac abnormalities. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Perineal ultrasound: determination of reliable examination procedures
Authors: Schaer G. N. , Koechli O. R. , Schuessler B. , Halley U. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis is a report on the fundamentals of perineal ultrasound examination for female incontinenze. The measurement method described here enabled us to determine the position of the bladder neck, the size of the retrovesical angle β and the occurrence of funnelling. In four different investigations, each involving at least 30 patients, we investigated the influence of examination position, bladder filling volume and pressure of the ultrasound probe against the perineum on these measurements and analyzed the difference between coughing and the Valsalva maneuver. The results showed that when the patient is standing, the bladder neck is lower than when the patient is supine. We also observed that excessive pressure on the ultrasound probe displaces the bladder neck cranially and can squeeze the urethra. Increasing the bladder filling volume does not affect the measurement values, but funnelling can be seen better with higher bladder volumes. The best overall image quality was obtained at 300 ml. A comparison between coughing and the Valsalva maneuver showed that during coughing, the bladder neck descends less and remains closer to the symphysis than with the Valsalva maneuver. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Laryngeal atresia: antenatal diagnosis in a twin pregnancy
Authors: Tang P. T. M. , Meagher S. E. , Khan A. A. , Woodward C. S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCongenital laryngeal atresia is a rare malformation almost always incompatiblle with life. Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of this condition has been described on five occasions and all occurred in singleton pregnancies. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of prenatal diagnosis of laryngeal atresia in a twin pregnancy. A monochorionic diamniotic twin gestation was noted at a routine ultrasound examination at 18 weeks' gestation. One twin was found to have changes consistent with laryngeal atresia with bilateral enlarged hyperechogenic lungs and hydrops fetalis. The other twin appeared normal. A Cesarean section was performed for worsening pre‐eclampsia at 29 weeks' gestation. The abnormal twin died, despite resuscitative measures and autopsy confirmed the diagnosis of laryngeal atresia. The presence of the anomaly in only one twin of a monozygotic gestation supports the theory of a developmental anomaly within the branchial arches. Prenatal diagnosis of laryngeal atresia allows prenatal planning for resuscitation at birth, but its presence in one twin of a twin gestation poses several management dilemmas. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Sonographic diagnosis of fetal upper extremity dysmorphology: significance and outcome
Authors: Zelop C. , Benacerraf B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the etiology, associated anomalies and outcome of fetuses with postural deformities and contractures of the upper extremities detected sonographically. Fifty‐four fetuses with sonographically detected postural anomalies of the upper extremities were identified from our database. Sonographic findings and associated anomalies were tabulated on the basis of the original sonogram. Perinatal follow‐up and/or karyotype were available in 52 cases from a review of the maternal and newborn medical records and pathology reports. Of the 52 fetuses with sonographically detected anomalies of the upper extremities, 44 (85%) were non‐survivors and eight (15%) were survivors. Forty‐three fetuses had associated sonographic abnormalities. Karyotyping performed in 44 cases revealed 26 cases (59%) of aneuploidy, with trisomy 18 accounting for 23/26 (88%). In the setting of a normal karyotype, a variety of genetic disorders were found, including syndromes involving the fetal dyskinesialakinesia sequence. Disturbances in amniotic fluid occurred in 48% of the cases (24 fetuses with polyhydramnios and one with oligohydramnios). In conclusion, the sonographic detection of postural abnormalities of the upper extremities carries a guarded prognosis, with survival in 15% of fetuses and a high incidence of chromosomal defects. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Development of fetal gyri, sulci and fissures: a transvaginal sonographic study
Authors: Monteagudo A. , Timor‐Tritsch I. E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe aimed to determine the feasibility of imaging specific sulci, gyri and fissures using transvaginal sonography and to correlate their first sonographic recognition with gestational age. Retrospectively, 262 fetal brain scans were analyzed from a total of 337 scans. Scans were selected if any of the following structures were seen: in the coronal plane the lateral, callosal and cingulate sulcus and gyrus; in the median plane the parieto‐occipital and calcarine fissures, and the cingulate gyrus and sulcus; and, in an oblique section, the lateral sulcus. The gestational age at which the fissures, sulci and gyri were first imaged was recorded and subsequently compared with similar anatomical studies from the literature.It was possible to identify all the targeted structures. The gestational ages at which the structures were first imaged were: the callosal sulcus, from 14 weeks; the lateral sulcus, from 18 weeks; the parieto‐occipital sulcus and calcarine fissure, from 18 weeks; and the cingulate gyrus, from 26 weeks.We concluded that the developmental maturation of the normal fetal brain follows a predictable timetable, and that this maturation can be grossly followed with sonography. The sonographic recognition of the fissures, gyri and sulci lagged behind the observations by anatomical studies. The greatest discrepancy was the first appearance of the cingulate gyrus which, in the anatomical studies, could be seen by 18 postmenstrual weeks and, in our study, was seen after 26 postmenstrual weeks. The one exception was the callosal sulcus, which was first seen at 14 postmenstrual (weeks in both the sonographic and anatomical studies. In conclusion, the recognition of specific structures of the cortical map is possible. Sonography may be used to image the developing cortical surface. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Saline contrast sonohysterography as first‐line investigation for women with uterine bleeding
Authors: Bernard J. P. , Lécuru F. , Darles C. , Robin F. , de Bievre P. , Taurelle R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of saline contrast sonohysterography (SCSH) as a first‐line investigation for perimenopausal women with uterine bleeding.A total of 162 women were enrolled in a prospective study. They underwent SCSH indicated for abnormal uterine bleeding. Patients with normal or atrophic endometrium were scheduled for diagnostic hysteroscopy or hormone therapy. Patients with uterine cavity abnormalities were scheduled for surgery (operative hysteroscopy or hysterectomy). A clinical follow‐up was obtained for all the patients after SCSH. Sonohysterographic findings were compared with pathological results.SCSH was carried out in 159 patients. In all but one case, the procedure was well tolerated by the patients. There were no complications either during or after the examination. Surgical and pathological results were available in 109 cases. SCSH was highly sensitive and specific in the differentiation between women with intrauterine lesions and those with normal or atrophic endometrium (98.9% and 76.4%, respectively). SCSH was also accurate in the diagnosis of polyps and submucosal myomas (sensitivity 87.8 and 89.6%, specificity 90.7 and 95%). SCSH and surgery displayed the same reliability in the measurement and the localization of the lesions. SCSH recognized endometrial cancer in only 40% of cases. However, all these patients had abnormalities at sonohysterography which indicated a surgical exploration, leading to a zero false‐negative rate.Saline contrast sonohysterography appears to be a reliable tool for the investigation of abnormal uterine bleeding in perimenopausal women. It can distinguish women who only require medical therapy from those who require surgery. The method is easy to learn, and is well tolerated by the patients. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal diagnosis of ectopia cordis at 10 weeks of gestation using two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional ultrasonography
Authors: Liang R.‐I. , Huang S.‐E. , Chang F.‐M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe report here the earliest prenatal diagnosis to date of a case of ectopia cordis using both two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional ultrasound at 10 weeks of gestation. Both two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional ultrasound clearly revealed a thoracoabdominal ectopia cordis and an omphalocele. Histopathological examination confirmed the prenatal ultrasonic findings. In addition to an ectopia cordis, a supraumbilical hepato‐omphalocele, absence of a pericardium and an anterior diaphragmatic defect were seen, although there was a normal sternum. These pathological findings, suggested that our case was a variant of pentalogy of Cantrell. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Cervical funneling: sonographic criteria predictive of preterm delivery
Authors: Berghella V. , Kuhlman K. , Weiner S. , Texeira L. , Wapner R. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOur objective was to establish sonographic criteria that are predictive of preterm delivery in patients with internal os dilatation (funneling). The study population consisted of patients with cervical funneling identified on translabial or transvaginal ultrasound examination. Funnel length, functional length, percentage funneling and funnel width were evaluated for their predictive values for preterm delivery.In the 43 patients who met the study criteria, funneling was detected at a mean gestational age of 21.4 weeks (range M‐28). Twenty‐three of 31 patients (74%), manually examined immediately following the ultrasound examination, had a closed cervix. Preterm delivery occurred in 42% of patients. Funnel length of ≥ 16 mm, functional length of ≤ 20 mm, funneling of ≥ 40% and funnel width of ≥ 14 mm correlated significantly with preterm delivery. Patients with funneling of < 25%, 25–50% and > 50% had preterm delivery rates of 17%, 29% and 79%, respectively. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Ovarian steroid cell tumors: sonographic characteristics
Authors: Monteagudo A. , Heller D. , Husami N. , Levine R. U. , McCaffrey R. , Timor‐Tritsch I. E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe goal of the gynecologist is to detect ovarian tumors in their earliest stages. Small virilizing tumors, which barely affect the size of the ovaries, are such lesions. Since the introduction of transvaginal sonography it is technically possible to detect small intraovarian neoplasms. Three cases of virilizing steroid cell tumors in postmenopausal women with ovarian volumes just exceeding the normal sizes for age are presented. High‐frequency transvaginal ultrasound and color Doppler studies to measure flow parameters were used. These small tumors had different echogenicity from the surrounding ovarian tissue and two had low impedance‐to‐flow values. Gray‐scale transvaginal sonography combined with co/or Doppler studies can make the diagnosis of small steroid cell tumors easier and, at times, better than other, more costly imaging modalities. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Sonographic localization of abdominal vessels in Chinese women: its role in laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Pun T.C. , Chau M.T. , Lam C. , Tang G. , Leong L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTrauma to abdominal wall blood vessels occurs following 0.2–2% of laparoscopic operations. This prospective observational study assessed the possible role of sonographic localization of abdominal blood vessels prior to laparoscopic surgery in Chinese women and compared the findings reported in a Western group.The inferior epigastric and superficial circumflex iliac vessels were located by color Doppler imaging. Ultrasonography was 100% and 80% successful in locating the inferior epigastric and the superficial circumflex iliac vessels, respectively. The positions of the inferior epigastric vessels were similar to those reported in the Western population whilst the superficial circumflex iliac vessels were found to be situated 1 cm more medially.In our study population, a safe area for entry of lateral ports appeared to be 7 cm from the midline and 5 cm above the pubic symphysis.Sonographic localization of abdominal blood vessels is a potentially useful clinical tool in the prevention of blood vessel trauma. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Assessment of first‐trimester nuchal translucency by daily reference intervals
Authors: Yagel S. , Anteby E. Y. , Rosen L. , Yaffe E. , Rabinowitz R. , Tadmor O. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIncreased fetal nuchal translucency measured in the first trimester is associated with an elevated frequency of chromosomal abnormalities, yet no reference intervals for transvaginal sonographic measurements of fetal nuchal translucency in that period of development have been established. The aim of the present cross‐sectional study was to construct appropriate gestational age‐specific reference intervals for nuchal translucency. Transvaginal ultrasound was used in 180 normal pregnant women between 9 and 14 weeks of gestation. Reference intervals were constructed by the parametric method.These reference intervals were then compared to the traditional threshold value of 3 mm, when applied to 287 women scheduled for amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Both methods had the same sensitivity, 85.7%, and negative predictive value, 99.6%, in predicting fetal chromosomal abnormalities. However, the specificity of the gestational age‐related reference intervals tended to be higher than that of the 3‐mm threshold: 94.6% vs. 87.9%. The positive predictive value of the former method was higher than that of the 3‐mm threshold: 28.6% vs. 15%.The increased specificity and positive predictive value of these reference intervals are of particular importance when applied to women under the age of 35 years. In those women, the finding of an abnormally thick nuchal translucency can lead to the performance of amniocentesis or CVS. Therefore, using these reference intervals instead of the traditional 3‐mm threshold may save a significant number of unnecessary invasive procedures. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology