bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canadian approaches to research impact and its assessment
Authors: Phipps David , Graham Kathryn , Nason Eddy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Canada does not have a national system wide assessment of the socioeconomic impacts of academic research. We do not have a Research Excellence Framework such as in the United Kingdom. Yet Canadian researchers, funders and institutions are interested in research impact, particularly the methods and processes for generating impacts to complement methods for assessing impact. At its heart, Canada is moving to combine its expertise in ‘how do we get to impact?’ with international expertise in ‘did we get to impact?’.
Corticosteroid use in PFAPA syndrome: clinical practice data from the JIR-CliPS Survey Study and a comprehensive literature review
Authors: Batu Ezgi Deniz , Sener Seher , Rodrigues Mariana , Vinit Caroline , Hofer Francois , Laskari Katerina , Craveiro Costa Ricardo , Santos Faria Margarida , Ozomay Baykal Gulcan , Boyarchuk Oksana , Gilliaux Olivier , Pateras Konstantinos , Sonmez Hafize Emine , Toplak Natasa , Gattorno Marco , Hofer Michaël 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
CS are used to abort disease flares in periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome. We aimed to obtain a global overview of physicians’ CS usage strategies and analyse the data in the literature regarding CS use in PFAPA syndrome.

Methods
The Juvenile Inflammatory Rheumatism Clinical Practice Strategies (JIR-CliPS) PFAPA questionnaire included nine questions on CS use in addition to the demographic data questions. The survey was distributed via e-mail to potential respondents. The MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus databases were searched systematically to extract the data regarding CS use in PFAPA syndrome.

Results
From 47 countries, 144 physicians (female/male = 2.6; 67.4% paediatric rheumatologists) answered the survey. Most respondents (n = 133; 92.4%) prescribe CS in PFAPA flares. The most frequently prescribed CS was prednisolone (63.2%). The definition of response to CS was indicated as ‘response within 12 h’ by the highest number of respondents (n = 61; 42.4%). When CS cause an increase in attack frequency, most (57.9%) consider another treatment if this causes a decrease in quality of life. Forty-four (30.6%) respondents were ‘routinely’ prescribing CS to PFAPA patients, and this practice was more frequent among more experienced physicians (P &lt; 0.001). We identified 46 articles in the literature describing 4564 PFAPA patients treated with CS. Prednisone was the most frequently preferred CS (48.2%). Response to CS was around 95%, although an increase in attack frequency was noted in almost 35% of the patients.

Conclusion
Physicians frequently use CS for PFAPA in their routine clinical practice. Regarding treatment modification, the quality of life was a prominent consideration for physicians.
Plasma proteomics for risk prediction and identification of novel drug targets in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Yang Sisi , Zhang Yuanyuan , Ye Ziliang , Zhang Yanjun , Gan Xiaoqin , Huang Yu , Xiang Hao , Wu Yiting , Zhang Yiwei , Qin Xianhui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The relationship between proteomic profiles and incident systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unclear. We aimed to identify candidate plasma proteins for SLE risk in women, discover potential treatment targets for SLE and develop and validate a protein-based prediction model for SLE risk.

Methods
A total of 28 220 women from the UK Biobank were randomly split into training (70%) and testing (30%) sets.

Results
During a median follow-up of 13.3 years, 90 and 38 SLE events occurred in the training and testing set, with an average onset age of 63 years. In the training set, a protein risk score for new-onset SLE was constructed using 22 out of 2911 proteins. Of the 22 proteins, ITGAV, TNFRSF4, CXCL10 and CD207 were causally associated with SLE, and TNFRSF4 and CXCL10 have been developed as drug targets for cancer and autoimmune diabetes. The 22 proteins enriched in cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, inflammatory and immune response. TNF, CD80 and LGALS9 were key proteins within the protein network. In the testing set, the SLE protein risk score has a better predictive capability for new-onset SLE (C-index, 0.801; 95%CI, 0.715, 0.887) than clinical risk factors of SLE (C-index, 0.706; 95%CI, 0.612, 0.800) and polygenic risk score for SLE (C-index, 0.638; 95%CI, 0.555, 0.721). Adding SLE protein risk score to clinical risk factors of SLE (C-index from 0.706–0.827) improved the predictive performance.

Conclusion
The SLE protein risk score had a good predictive performance for new-onset SLE in women. ITGAV, TNFRSF4, CXCL10 and CD207 were potential treatment targets for SLE.
Disaster Relief, Inc.: When Is Corporate Philanthropy Good or Bad for Shareholders?
Authors: Liang Hao , Vansteenkiste Cara 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A long–standing question in finance is why companies donate to charity, often attributing it to either managerial agency problems or strategic behavior. Based on a global sample of donation announcements by firms providing relief to disaster–affected communities, we test the relative importance of these two motives and the conditions under which each dominates. We exploit disaster–specific factors in an event study setting around corporate donation announcement dates to show that, on average, relief donations decrease returns. However, the strategic benefits of donating around salient events can mitigate these negative effects. To account for firms’ donation decisions, we rely on exogenous variation in the availability of corporate charitable funds due to the timing of disasters relative to firms’ financial years. We show that donations provide new information to the market, and that negative returns are primarily driven by cash donations made via corporate foundations.
Accuracy of two-compartment modelling of gas exchange with ventilation-perfusion mismatch in inhalational anesthesia
Authors: Peyton Philip J 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Multi-compartment computer models of heterogeneity in alveolar ventilation-perfusion ratios (VA/Q scatter) across the lung explain the significant alveolar-arterial (A-a) partial pressure gradients and associated alveolar dead-space fractions (VDA/VA) seen in anesthetized patients for both carbon dioxide and for anesthetic gases of different blood solubilities. However, the accuracy of a simpler two-compartment model of VA/Q scatter to do this has not been tested or compared to calculations from the traditional Riley model with “ideal”, unventilated (shunt) and unperfused (deadspace) compartments.

Methods:
Measurements of gas partial pressures in inspired and expired gas and arterial and mixed venous blood from 29 patients undergoing inhalational general anesthesia for cardiac surgery was used to compare the accuracy of two simple models of VA/Q scatter and lung gas exchange in predicting measured alveolar and arterial partial pressure differences, and associated alveolar dead-space calculations for the modern anesthetic gases isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane. These models were the Riley model, and a two-compartment model with reciprocal proportions of allocation of VA and Q, with and without additional true-shunt. A multi-compartment “log-normal” model was also tested.

Results:
Mean (95% confidence interval) of the measured alveolar dead-space fraction for the three anesthetic gases G combined (VDA/VAG) was 0.557 (0.523, 0.592). Mean VDA/VAG from the two-compartment model incorporating an additional true-shunt lung compartment (0.539 (0.498, 0.580) was similar to the measured value (p = 0.347), and was 0.501 (0.457, 0.546) without a true-shunt compartment. The log-normal model outputs were 0.491 (0.453, 0.529)). The Riley model outputs for VDA/VAG severely underestimated this (0.327 (0.294, 0.361)).

Conclusion:
Satisfactory prediction of the A-a partial pressure gradients and alveolar dead-space for the modern volatile anesthetic gases measured in vivo requires a model with more than one gas-exchanging lung compartments, which the traditional Riley model lacks. A simple “reciprocal” two-compartment model achieves this.
Leading value-based health care: The role of leadership in integrated practice units
Authors: van Staalduinen Dorine J. , van den Bekerom Petra E. A. , Groeneveld Sandra M. , Stiggelbout Anne M. , van den Akker-van Marle M. Elske 
Published: January 2025

Background
An important aspect of value-based health care is providing care in an integrated practice unit (IPU). In an IPU, the full cycle of care for a specific medical condition is delivered through collaboration among professionals with diverse functional backgrounds. Although the proposed functioning of an IPU in the literature on value-based health care is based on assumptions about leadership, the role of leadership in the context of IPUs is overlooked in empirical studies.

Purpose
Drawing on previous studies on shared leadership in other organizational contexts, this paper explores the role of formal leadership in the emergence of shared leadership in IPUs.

Methodology/Approach
To this end, we carried out a qualitative study in four IPUs in the Netherlands with differing formal leadership structures.

Results/Conclusion
We found that, in an IPU, leadership is mainly exhibited by those in formal leadership positions. It also appeared that having one versus multiple formal leaders can influence the opportunities for other IPU members to demonstrate leadership and the extent to which IPU members feel the need to exercise leadership in IPUs.

Practice Implications
We encourage staff managers and IPU members to define clear roles for leaders and establish a structured strategy for sharing information and resources, such as communication channels and regular feedback loops.
Costimulation blockade: the next generation
Authors: Yakubu Idris , Moinuddin Irfan , Brown Andrew , Sterling Sara , Sinhmar Pawan , Kumar Dhiren 
Published: January 2025

Purpose of the review
Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are central to immunosuppression in kidney transplantation (KT), improving short-term outcomes but falling short in enhancing long-term outcomes due to cardiovascular, metabolic, and renal complications. Belatacept, an FDA-approved costimulation blocker, offers a less toxic alternative to CNIs but is limited by its intravenous administration and reduced efficacy in high-immunological-risk patients.

Recent findings
Emerging therapies target more specific pathways to improve efficacy and accessibility. Abatacept, a first-generation cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) immunoglobulin, has shown favorable outcomes in small studies. VEL-101 and Lulizumab selectively block CD28 while preserving CTLA-4 signaling, showing promise in early trials. In the CD40/CD40L pathway, results have been mixed. Iscalimab (CD40 antibody) was inferior to tacrolimus in Phase 2 trials, and Bleselumab (CD40 antibody) showed variable rejection rates despite being noninferior to tacrolimus. CD40L-targeting agents such as TNX-1500, Tegoprubart, and Dazodalibep have demonstrated promising efficacy and safety in rejection prophylaxis.

Summary
The focus in transplantation is shifting toward safer, long-term therapies with greater accessibility. Investigational agents with subcutaneous delivery methods could overcome logistical challenges, improve adherence, and redefine posttransplant care. These advancements in costimulation blockade may enhance long-term graft survival and transform the management of KT recipients.
Unmasking Villaret’s syndrome: a diagnostic challenge of glomus jugulare mimicking mastoiditis
Authors: Shah Abhishek Kumar , Barnawal Prince , Kafle Aayushma , Gajurel Bikram Prasad 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Villaret’s syndrome involves unilateral palsy of cranial nerves IX to XII, often with Horner’s sign, commonly caused by benign neoplasms or vascular issues. This report highlights glomus jugulare-induced Villaret syndrome, stressing careful evaluation for persistent otologic symptoms.

Case presentation:
A 43-year-old woman with a history of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) presented with recurrent ear discharge, pain, and severe mixed hearing loss. Despite a left tympanoplasty, symptoms persisted, leading to a canal wall down mastoidectomy. Six months later, she developed facial numbness, hoarseness, and dysphagia. Physical exam showed unilateral cranial nerve palsies with Horner’s syndrome, consistent with Villaret’s syndrome. Imaging confirmed a glomus jugulare tumor. After digital subtraction angiography and balloon occlusion test, surgical resection was performed. Postoperatively, she showed gradual cranial nerve recovery and remains under follow-up.

Discussion:
Jugular foramen syndrome involves unilateral cranial nerve palsies, including Villaret’s syndrome, where cranial nerves IX–XII and cervical sympathetic fibers are affected. Most often linked to benign neoplasms like paragangliomas, glomus jugulare tumors are slow-growing, often benign, and predominantly affect middle-aged females. Diagnosis relies on MRI’s “salt-and-pepper” imaging, with high-resolution CT for bony involvement. Treatment, including surgery with embolization, aims to reduce cranial nerve deficits. Radiotherapy and radiosurgery are options for non-surgical candidates or recurrence cases.

Conclusion:
This case underscores the diagnostic challenges of Villaret’s syndrome caused by glomus jugulare. Initially masked by symptoms of chronic otitis media and mastoiditis, cranial nerve deficits eventually revealed the underlying tumor, highlighting the importance of vigilant assessment and imaging in persistent otologic cases.
Fungal skull base lesion masquerading as malignancy: a diagnostic dilemma. Illustrative case report
Authors: M Kodeeswaran , Muthuchitra S. , Hidhaya S Noorul , P Vishaal , Janakiraman P.B. , P Tamilarasan , Priyadharshan K.P. , Alagarsamy Jamila , Dhoka Gaurav R. , Chaurasia Bipin 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
The clivus is an uncommon site for fungal infections and is typically associated with tumors or metastases. Invasive fungal sinusitis extending to the skull base is exceptionally rare and often mimics clival malignancies such as chordomas or metastases. This overlap in clinical and radiological features can lead to diagnostic delays.

Case presentation:
The authors present a case of a 36-year-old immunocompetent male who presented with symptoms and imaging findings suggestive of a malignant skull base tumor, particularly clival chordoma. However, histopathological analysis revealed invasive fungal sinusitis with clival involvement.

Discussion:
In skull base lesions, particularly those involving the clivus, fungal infections should remain a differential diagnosis, even in patients without immunocompromising conditions. Early diagnosis using biopsy and microbiological analysis is essential for appropriate surgical management and antifungal therapy.

Conclusion:
This case highlights the importance of considering the fungal etiology in clival lesions, especially in high-risk patients. Prompt diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach can significantly improve the outcomes in rare and complex presentations.
Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer in a Patient With Isolated Uterine Leiomyomas
Authors: Ardestani Shakiba , McGrattan Meghan , Gillies Brittany , Kim Raymond H. , Sobel Mara 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome that is characterized by renal cell carcinoma, cutaneous leiomyomas, and uterine leiomyomas. Although HLRCC is usually identified in individuals with multiple cutaneous leiomyomas or a personal or family history of renal cell carcinoma, advances in histopathology have allowed detection of HLRCC in myomectomy and hysterectomy specimens.

CASE:
A 36-year-old patient with a large leiomyoma was referred to gynecology for heavy menstrual bleeding. After no response to medical management, she proceeded with elective myomectomy. Fumarate hydratase (FH) immunohistochemical staining of the myomectomy specimen and subsequent molecular genetic analysis of the FH gene confirmed a diagnosis of HLRCC.

CONCLUSION:
As more patients with HLRCC are identified with a primary presentation of leiomyomas, it is essential that gynecologists are familiar with this diagnosis. Health care professionals should inquire about skin lesions and family history of renal cell carcinoma in patients with symptomatic leiomyomas and refer patients with risk factors or pathology findings suggestive of HLRCC for genetic counseling.
Hip fracture surgery in resource-limited environments: a systematic literature review
Authors: Kiani Sara N. , Oberlohr Verena , Elsevier Hannah , Cordero Daniella M. , Tahir Peggy M. , Miclau Theodore 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose:
With life expectancies increasing worldwide, there is a concomitant rise in the incidence of fragility fractures. As such, low-income and lower-middle-income countries (LICs and LMICs) will be faced with increased incidences of hip fractures. The care of these fractures is adversely affected by various factors that include under-resourced healthcare systems and large socioeconomic disparities, which disproportionately affect patient care in these regions relative to high-income countries. The purpose of this study was to determine treatment trends and outcomes of hip fracture care in lesser resourced regions as reported in primary literature sources through a systematic review.

Data Sources:
The article search was conducted on December 16, 2020, and April 14, 2022, in 3 databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. A search strategy unique to each database was developed with a research librarian using English search terms.

Study Selection:
Studies were selected using DistillerSR systematic review software. Two rounds of screening were performed for inclusion: 1) title and abstract screening and 2) full-text screening. Two researchers independently reviewed all articles. No articles were excluded based on language.

Data Extraction:
The extracted information included country, study demographics and design, hip fracture location, treatment, and outcomes.

Data Synthesis:
Of the 2533 initially identified abstracts, a total of 24 articles met the criteria for inclusion and were selected for final data extraction after full-text screening.

Conclusion:
This systematic review demonstrates a paucity of research evaluating geriatric hip fractures in LICs and LMICs. Additional research is needed to better characterize the preferred treatment by fracture type and associated complications in resource-limited environments.
Current Evidence on the Care of Young Infants With Hypothermia in the Emergency Department
Authors: Ramgopal Sriram , Lo Yu Hsiang J. , Potisek Nicholas M. , Money Nathan M. , Halvorson Elizabeth E. , Cruz Andrea T. , Rogers Alexander J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The presence of hypothermia among young infants in the emergency department may be a sign of serious or invasive bacterial infections, or invasive herpes simplex viral infection. However, hypothermia may also occur due to a variety of other infectious and noninfectious conditions or environmental exposure. In some settings, hypothermia may represent a protective, energy-conserving response to illness. Recent efforts have enhanced our understanding of the prevalence of serious infections among infants with hypothermia, although challenges remain due to lack of standardized definitions and comprehensive guidelines. There exists extensive variation in the care of young infants with hypothermia. Risk factors for serious bacterial infections in infants with hypothermia, as identified in single-center and multicenter retrospective studies, include lower temperatures, older age, and abnormalities in blood and urine testing. Given the absence of clear guidelines, management of infants with hypothermia relies heavily on clinician judgment and shared decision making, guided by individual patient assessments and risk factors. This review article summarizes existing evidence and identifies gaps in the management of infants (<90 days) with hypothermia in the emergency department.
Recurrence of skin and soft tissue infections: identifying risk factors and treatment strategies
Authors: Toschi Alice , Giannella Maddalena , Viale Pierluigi 
Published: January 2025

Purpose of review
Recurrent skin and soft tissue infections (RSSTIs) are challenging for the clinicians due to morbidity and healthcare-related costs. Here, we review updates on risk factors and management.

Recent findings
RSSTIs rates range between 7 and 45%. Local and systemic conditions can favour RSSTIs, with comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, cancer and immunosuppressive disease becoming increasingly relevant. Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aures (including methicillin resistant, MRSA) are the leading causative pathogens of RSSTIs, but also Gram-negative bacteria and polymicrobial infection should be considered. To prevent recurrences, treatment of underlying predisposing factor, complete source control and appropriate antibiotic therapy are crucial. Antibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent erysipelas and decolonization for MRSA carriers demonstrated some advantages, but also long-term loss of efficacy and possible adverse effects. Clinical score and patients risk stratification could be useful tools to target prophylaxis and decolonization strategies. To reduce hospitalization rates and costs, outpatient oral and parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) and long-acting antibiotics are being implemented.

Summary
Management of RSSTIs requires both preventive interventions on modifiable risk factors and pharmacological strategies, with a patient tailored approach.
Quantum computing for swarm robotics: a local-to-global approach
Authors: Mannone Maria , Seidita Valeria , Chella Antonio 
Published: January 2025

Quantum computing is a branch of computer science derived from the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics, such as state superposition, multi-value logic and destructive measure. An open challenge in itself is to re-think in quantum terms classic problems and solving techniques. Another nature-inspired field is the development of swarm-based robotic applications, where the challenge is catching the fundamental laws governing swarm dynamics, such as pattern formation and target reaching. Here, we review some recent approaches on swarm dynamics, the organizational rules of which are formalized according to quantum computing. In this way, the shades of probability in decision-making for multiple-robot systems can be expressed according to the multi-value logic underlying quantum computing. In our review, specific quantum circuits are sketched to give an idea of how these problems have been faced in computational terms. The article is enriched by references to sonification, a strategy adding one more sensory dimension to data representation, a human-friendly tool to navigate the complexity of swarm-robotic movements in a given arena.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘The road forward with swarm systems’.