bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some Catholic Notions
Authors: Fort Timothy L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Richard Attenborough’s film Gandhi, the title character is on his way to negotiate with Muslim leaders in conjunction with India’s freedom from Great Britain. That freedom lifted the lid off the simmering hatreds between Muslims and Hindus. Gandhi was preparing to negotiate a power-sharing arrangement to prevent Muslim secession (which eventually became Pakistan). As Gandhi began to drive past Hindus protesting these negotiations, he scolded the protesters claiming that he (Gandhi) was a Muslim and a Christian and a Jew: all this from a devout Hindu. His example is a model for a commitment to a particular identity and simultaneously profound openness to others. His commitment is not simply one of tolerance but of integration and openness. This is the orientation produced by a nonnative mediating institution.
The Right Hemisphere, lnterhemispheric Communication, and Consciousness
Authors: Devinsky Orrin , D’esposito Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
7 believe it then to be entirely unphilosophical, and tending to important errors, to speak of the cerebrum as one organ . . . The two hemispheres of the brain are really . . . two distinct and entire organs . . . os fully perfect in all its parts . . . 05 the two eyes. The corpus callosum, and the other commissures between them, can with no more justice be said to constitute the two hemispheres into one organ than the optic commissure can be called an union of the two eyes into one organ.
Executive Function and the Frontal Lobes
Authors: Devinsky Orrin , D’esposito Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At one time, the most anterior portion of the frontal lobes, the prefrontal cortex, was considered “silent” because moderate-sized lesions of this region produced few or no abnormalities on the neurological examination and electrical stimulation rarely altered behavior. Moreover, following prefrontal resections of the dominant hemisphere, patients had normal memory and an intelligence quotient (IQ) of 150 or more. Although behavioral and cognitive changes challenge clinical measurement at the bedside, most families of patients with bilateral frontal lobe damage recognize them as “very different.” For example, these patients may drive past stop signs, fail to show concern when a kettle is boiling over, become slovenly and unkempt, joke about someone’s physical deformity in front of him or her, become violent after a minor provocation and quickly return to their previous calm state, urinate on the street, or leave a baby unattended to watch television.
Functional Pulmonary Anatomy
Authors: Hlastala Michael P , Berger Albert J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The major function of the lung is to exchange gas between the outside environment and blood. This requires an intricate structure that provides for optimal matching of blood flow and ventilation to allow efficient gas exchange with minimal energy cost. The study of respiratory physiology elucidates the many mechanisms that optimize gas exchange during health and that deteriorate in lung disease. In the lungs, gas exchange occurs via passive diffusion along a partial pressure gradient. The barrier between gas and blood is extremely thin and large in area so that this diffusive gas exchange can take place even under severe demands such as heavy exercise. Inhaled air passes along a branching network of progressively narrower, shorter, and more numerous airways that end in small air sacs called alveoli. Blood flows through an intricate network of blood vessels that eventually perfuse the very small alveolar capillaries lying on the opposite side of the alveolar wall from the air. The relative thinness (about 0.1 to 0.5 µm) of the alveolocapillary “barrier” allows for easy gas exchange.
Chemical Control of Breathing
Authors: Hlastala Michael P , Berger Albert J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hypoxia, hypercapnia, and acidosis are important stimulants to breathing. In this chapter sensory mechanisms that enable the body to detect each of these stimuli are described, and the overall ventilatory response to each stimulus is discussed. The respiratory control system responds with increased ventilation following the challenge of decreased P1O2 and the consequent fall in PaO2 The ventilatory response to hypoxia is due to the sensing of a reduction in PaO2 by sensory organs located on the arterial side of the circulation. Increased sensory nerve activity is transmitted to the brain stem where, following neural processing, this leads to an increase in discharge activity in nerves to the respiratory muscles. Ultimately, this increased discharge causes an increase in the output from respiratory muscles, thereby stimulating ventilation (Fig. 9.1). In this section we discuss this homeostatic feedback control system.
Promising: Stits, claims, and strategies
Authors: Belnap Nuel , Perloff Michael , Xu Ming 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To promise is generally to speak; certainly all promisors are speakers, and one supposes that all fully competent speakers are promisors. The work on “speech acts” dating back to Austin’s work in the 1940s and 1950s (Austin 1961, 1975) and deepened especially by Searle and Vanderveken (see, e.g., Searle and Vanderveken 1985, Vanderveken 1990, and Vanderveken 1991) has exploited the fact that promising can be located among the many things one can do with words. But promises are not always made by means of speech (they are not always “speech acts”), nor is speaking words such as “I promise” always to promise. What are we to conclude from this combination of “generally but not always”? We suggest that while the truth of the “generally” warrants the extended consideration of promising as a “speech act” such as one finds in the work of Searle and Vanderveken, the double failure of the “always” also warrants looking for a complementary “speech-independent” account.
Indexical semantics under indeterminism
Authors: Belnap Nuel , Perloff Michael , Xu Ming 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Prior chapters of this book have offered bits and pieces of a description of agency in our indeterministic world. This chapter brings us to the topic of the semantics of a language taken to be used by those (ourselves) who live in such a world. Just to have a label, we sometimes call this topic either “the semantics of indeterminism” or “indeterministic semantics.”
Conditional obligation, deontic paradoxes, and stit
Authors: Belnap Nuel , Perloff Michael , Xu Ming 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Consider the following argument, which is adapted from Castaneda 1981.* Alchourr6n is obligated to do the following: If Bulygin sends him the draft of their latest joint paper, revise it. Bulygin has sent Alchourrón the draft of their latest joint paper.
Decidability of many-agent deliberative-stit theories
Authors: Belnap Nuel , Perloff Michael , Xu Ming 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter we give an axiomatization, Ldm, for the basic dstit logic, and prove its completeness and decidability by way of the finite model property. It is surely very natural to combine dstit theory with indeterminist tense logics, especially when we consider deliberative seeing to something to be connected with what the future will be like. In carrying out some basic technical work in dstit theory, however, we will use a formal language without tense operators, though we will use the historical necessity operator Sett:, §8F.4, as a primitive. In our formal language, we will introduce Chellas’s cstit operator, §8G.2, as an abbreviation, just as in §llA. The reader familiar with modal logic can easily see that the Chellas 1992 theory of cstit is decidable, since Chellas did not propose any condition concerning the relation among different agents.
Authenticity and Musical Ensembles
Authors: Romero Raul R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The relationship between the assimilation of the clarinet and the saxophone and the impact of modernity in the lives of the people of the Mantaro Valley can be noticed in the many legends about how the saxophone was introduced in the valley. The following story was told to me in 1985 by the widow of Teodoro Rojas Chucas, a well-known musician from the valley. This narrative tells about a North American man who accidentally hit a child with his car. He was carrying a saxophone with its case and wanted to sell it to pay for the damages. Then Teodoro Chucas, who happened to be nearby, bought the instrument for 300 soles (Peruvian currency). He brought the instrument to Acolla, where nobody had heard about the saxophone, and began to play it on June 24 at the Festival of the Tu nantada. From then on, many orchestras were founded that featured the saxophone. This is similar to other stories told around the region but with different names and other variations. However, the common ground among all of them seems to be the sudden, abrupt introduction of the saxophone into the region and the responsibility for its appearance almost always attributed to a particular musician who acquired it through trade, barter, or sale from a foreign, in this case North American, source.
Conquering New Spaces
Authors: Romero Raul R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When the people of the Mantaro Valley established a “presence” in Lima the search for “cultural authenticity” confronted new challenges. In a first stage (1900-1950), the migrants from the Mantaro Valley, constrained in term of its meager demographics, joined forces with other Andean com munities in Lima. In a second phase (1950-present), they rediscovered their regional sovereignty and adopted new vehicles for cultural reproduction, such as the modern media.1 Still, their quest is mediated by forces that, however concealed in the valley itself, in the nation’s capital assume relevance, such as state policies and an extended interregional market. Within the processes that I will describe in this chapter, two facts are of special relevance. The first one is that music arises as the primary weapon for cultural resistance, since no other Andean artistic expression had retained the ability to propose an alternative cultural sensibility to that of the elite of Lima’s coastal population, among whom were and are the dominant, wealthier, and most powerful segments of the country (see chapter 5). Andean handicrafts made by Indian and mestizo artisans were “discovered” around the 1940s by urban art collectors and since then have been ubiquitous “ornamental” pieces, some of them highly expensive, in urban homes (Arguedas 1977:27).
Official, Popular, and Musical Memories
Authors: Romero Raul R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In previous chapters I have explored the realm of ritual, festival, and dance-dramas (chapter 2), the emergence of the orquesta tipica in the con text of the festival (chapter 3), and the Wanka presence in Lima (chapter 4). Throughout all of these spheres I have explained how the search for authenticity, the dispute over the past, and the role of modernity have been instrumental in shaping and building the regional culture of the Man taro Valley. In this last chapter, I will reflect on the ways in which the inhabitants of the Mantaro Valley-especially those of the younger generations-see themselves moving into the future in relation to the nation state and its hegemonic ideologies. In doing so I intend to first survey how the nation-state has rationalized Andean culture and identity. The distinct relation that Andean regional cultures have to the nation-state suggests an interesting example of how an alternative “nationalism” (understood as a “project of collective identity”; see Mallon 1995:3) to that of the established national elites may develop and how musical practices may play an influential part within this process.
Introduction
Authors: Rody Caroline 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a climactic moment of Julie Dash’s 1991 film Daughters of the Dust, the notyet-born girl who narrates this ancestral story runs in slow motion across the screen, amidst a shiny aura, straight into the big belly of her pregnant mother, who stands with arms outstretched to receive her daughter. In Toni Morrison’s Beloved (1987) a murdered baby girl returns from death in passionate longing for the ex-slave mother who killed her, and in the ensuing drama nearly strangles her to death; when Morrison’s heroine discovers the identity of this “devil-child,” she says, “You came right on back. like a good girl, like a daughter” (261,203). These two instances of daughterly return, one of desire blissfully fulfilled and the other of grief turned lethal, both can be seen to allegorize the imaginative return of a late twentieth-century woman writer to her traumatic ancestral past.
Burning Down the House
Authors: Rody Caroline 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Alive, in motion, torch in hand, nightmare-wakened, and steeled to the fiery purpose of her dream—thus we remember the figure of Antoinette/Bertha Cosway Mason Rochester at the end of Jean Rhys’s 1966 Wide Sargasso Sea. A short, stunning novel of spare, lyrical prose, Wide Sargasso Sea enacts a radical intertextual design, an “unprecedented and aggressive’; revision (Ellen Friedman 117) of Charlotte Brontë’s 1847 novel Jane Eyre from the standpoint of Rhys’s own West Indian Creole culture. In the past two decades Rhys’s reimagining of the life of Brontë’s Creole madwoman has received extensive critical attention, buoyed especially by Bertha Mason’s sudden feminist stardom in the title of Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar’s influential work The Madwoman in the Attic. Indeed, the intertextual pairing of Rhys’s revision and its canonical mother text has itself become canonical, has come to typify the late-century feminist relationship of legacy and resistance to traditions of women’s writing, as well as the postcolonial appropriation of canonical European texts.
The Challenge of Environmental Responsibility
Authors: Pierce Jessica , Jameton Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The foundation of human health rests on healthy, stable ecosystems. Our biotic environment provides us with the fundamentals necessary for healthy lives-food, water, oxygen, warmth, light, and fuel. Earth’s ecosystems also supply the raw materials for our health-care services. The global fraying of ecosystems has grave implications for our health and our ability to treat illnesses, now and in the future. Although health around the world improved on average over the last half century, it is likely that these gains will be lost if the environmental foundation for health continues to deteriorate.
Linking Health and Environmental Change
Authors: Pierce Jessica , Jameton Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the condition of the natural environment deteriorates, humankind faces an increasingly intractable public health crisis. At present, up to one-third of the global burden of disease, measured in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), is related to environmental factors such as poor nutrition, contaminated water, indoor smoke, vector-borne disease, and unhygienic living conditions (Murray and Lopez 1996; United Nations Environment Programme 2002, 306). Children suffer a disproportionate share of the disease and death associated with the environment, and account for two-thirds of the total environmental disease burden (United Nations Environment Programme 2002, 307). The World Health Organization estimates that environmental hazards kill some three million children under the age of five each year (United Nations Environment Programme 2002, 307). Global public health will probably get worse before it gets better: advancing at a rapid pace, environmental decline is adding to the difficulties of dealing with preventable environmental health problems related to nutrition, water, and hygiene. More unsettling still is the emergence, over the past several decades, of a host of “modem” environmental problems--climate change, ozone depletion, acid rain, toxic pollution, loss of biodiversity-that exacerbate existing environmental health problems and add unique health threats.
Population and Consumption
Authors: Pierce Jessica , Jameton Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The various stresses on earth’s ecosystems described in Chapter 2 result from the combined effects of global levels of population and consumption. Population growth has been widely discussed and debated, and institutionalized approaches to limiting population growth, albeit imperfect, are in place around the globe. The moral dimensions of population growth and limitation have also been considered, though bioethics itself has remained relatively quiet on the subject in recent years. The problems of consumption, on the other hand, have not been as widely recognized in the United States. Although many people are committing their time and ingenuity to the problems of overconsumption, institutions for change are not in place. Indeed, many of the dominant cultural institutions appear to be fundamentally committed to growth. At every level of public discourse, growth proponents attack alternative viewpoints with confidence, ideology, and propaganda (Proctor 1994). Similarly, little has been said about the ethics of consumption as it relates to human health, to health care, and to health-care ethics. In order to draw conclusions about this realm in health care, we need first to provide some background on why ethics should take very seriously the issue of limiting consumption in the First World.
Environmental Aspects of Health Care
Authors: Pierce Jessica , Jameton Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A collection of fine early nineteenth-century prints by the German artist Karl Bodemer hangs along the brightly lit hallways of the Nebraska Health System’s eight-story north campus hospital. These images of Native Americans, elk, and Nebraska’s prairies not far in space or time from where the hospital now stands are an evocative contrast to the white coats, industrial glass and tile, and sharp fluorescent lights of the surrounding hospital. The people and animals depicted in the prints are mostly gone now, and the transformation of the Great Plains invites us to ask how long the seemingly sturdy structures of the medical center will continue to thrive. Our brief reflection in this chapter suggests that in its current form health-care is environmentally damaging and that its long-term viability is therefore uncertain.
September 10 The Scarlet Pimpernel
Authors: Suskin Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Scarlet Pimpernel originally opened to a scathing critical reception on November 9, 1997. “If it’s pulse-racing suspense and derring-do you’re after,” advised Ben Brantley in the New York Times, “you would be better off watching tourists crossing against the lights in Times Square.”
October 17 Dame Edna: The Royal Tour
Authors: Suskin Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The big question, I suppose, was whether mainstream Broadway audiences were ready to flock to see a middle-aged man in a dress. This isn’t England, after all. That sort of thing is quite popular across the sea; there’s a whole tradition of men in gowns over there. Broadway audiences have become more and more accepting of attractions that blur the gender line over the last fifteen years or so. But Dame Edna: The Royal Tour wasn’t a serious problem play, wasn’t about an important social issue, and only briefly touched on sexual matters. It was simply a man playing a woman, in a dress. (And what a dress!)
October 29 Wise Guys
Authors: Suskin Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is against all rules of civilized society to review Wise Guys, which was presented as a “special workshop” at the New York Theatre Workshop for three weeks in November 1999. This was a work in progress, presented with no scenery, no costumes, and a minimal band of three pieces. The full show was only barely presented; audiences attending the first week saw the first act; half of the second act was added sometime later; and the whole show — at least as much as was finished, in the preliminary sense of the word — was presented to the final audiences. Tickets were impossible to buy; that is, they were free. But they were offered solely to NYTW subscribers and were not available to the theatregoing public at large. Friends of the performers, friends of the staff, and a certain amount of press also managed to get in. I attended two performances, the first night— with only the first act— and a later showing that included some but not all of the second.
December 8 Minnelli On Minnelli
Authors: Suskin Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The question in cases of this kind, I suppose, is does one encourage something that is not half bad? Or does one regret that it is only half good?Liza Minnelli has had her ups and she’s had her downs, and done so again and again to the point where I don’t suppose anyone could say, at any given moment, in which direction she’s heading. It’s no wonder, perhaps. She was born with an exceptional singing voice, clearly related to but distinctive from that of her mother. Her mother, one of the most famous performers of her time, began a self-destructive slide when Minnelli was about three. Liza saw Judy go through broken marriages; numerous career crises; devastating addictions and binges; suicide attempts; and who knows what else. Mom finally died at the age of forty-seven, when Minnelli was twenty-three and still a few years shy of superstardom. Minnelli has mirrored her mother’s life in such a way that it can be seen as a distinct victory that she has made it past her fifty-third birthday. “Gin and rum and destiny play funny tricks,” family friend Ira Gershwin wrote back in 1941 about a fictional gal called Jenny, but that in some ways pretty much describes the fate of both Judy and Liza.
December 16 Waiting In The Wings
Authors: Suskin Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Broadway debut of Noël Coward’s forty-year-old Waiting in the Wings was based on two assumptions. First, that there was a large and clamorous audience breathlessly awaiting a centennial celebration of Sir Noël; and second, that any tattered old Coward script would do as long as it had room for an “all-star” cast.
January 13 Wrong Mountain
Authors: Suskin Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
David Hirson’s first play, the very strange La Bête, was a Molière-esque satirical comedy written entirely in rhymed couplets and— well, very strange. It opened on Broadway in January 1991, attracted howlingly negative reviews, and closed after twenty-four performances. The loss was $2 million, a record for a nonmusical in a day when you could comfortably produce a play for far less than half of that. (As I write this in the year 2000, a small play can still squeeze by on a million. Wrong Mountain, ultimately, dropped about $1,500,000.)
February 17 Saturday Night
Authors: Suskin Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The vast majority of plays and musicals written for Broadway, it goes without saying, never make it from page to stage. Although this has surely resulted in shattered hopes and blasted careers for numerous talented people, it is nevertheless safe to generalize that most of these scripts are— at the least— nonstageable. So are some of the shows that actually make it to Broadway, but that’s another discussion.
Very few of these scripts have any chance whatsoever. A vast minority make it into a producer’s office; a fraction of these are actually read; and a mere fraction of a fraction attract attention. An infinitesimal number are officially optioned, which is to say that the authors grant a producer the exclusive production rights in exchange for a few bucks. And then the producers have to raise the money, which more often than not ends in futile frustration.