bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypofractionated versus standard chemoradiotherapy in the definitive treatment of uterine cervix cancer: interim results of a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Maddah Safaei Afsane , Esmati Ebrahim , Gomar Marzieh , Akhavan Setareh , Sheikh Hasani Shahrzad , Malekzadeh Moghani Mona , Zamani Narges , Moshtaghi Maryam , Malek Mahrooz , Jafari Fatemeh , Sharifian Azadeh , Kolahdouzan Kasra 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Concurrent chemoradiation has been the mainstay of treatment for cervix cancer. We aimed to evaluate the non-inferiority of hypofractionated chemoradiation.

Methods
This study was designed as a phase 2, 1:1 randomized, investigator-blinded, controlled, non-inferiority trial and we report the interim results after 50% accrual. Cervical cancer patients with FIGO stages IIA–IIIC were recruited from April 2021 to September 2022. The intervention consisted of 40 Gy of 3D-conformal radiation therapy (RT) in 15 fractions over 3 weeks. In the control group, patients received standard chemoradiation of 45 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks. Both groups received concurrent weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m2). Intravaginal brachytherapy of 28 Gy in 4 weekly fractions was delivered starting 1 week after the end of chemoradiation. The primary outcome was complete clinical response(CCR) at 3 months. Secondary outcomes included acute gastrointestinal (GI), genitourinary(GU), skin, and hematologic toxicities. A p value less than 0.05 was considered significant for analyses.

Results
59 patients were randomized; 30 in the control group and 29 in the intervention group. 20/30 (66.7%) of the patients in the control group and 19/29 (65.5%) in the intervention group achieved a CCR (absolute difference of 0.011, 95% CI − 0.23 to 0.25, p value: 0.13). There was a significantly higher rate of acute grade ≥ 3 GI toxicity in the intervention group (27.6%) compared with the control group (6.7%) (p value 0.032).

Conclusions
Despite an absolute difference of 1.1% in the 3-month CCR, our interim analysis failed to show the non-inferiority of the hypofractionated chemoradiation. Due to the higher GI toxicities, we will continue this trial using intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

Registration number and date
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04831437, 2021.4.1.
Avian responses to climate extremes: insights into abundance curves and species sensitivity using the UK Breeding Bird Survey
Authors: Tirozzi Pietro , Massimino Dario , Bani Luciano 
Published: January 2024

AbstractClimate change remains one of the most urgent challenges for biodiversity conservation. Recent studies have highlighted that climate extremes (CLEXs) can lead to widespread and negative effects across all taxa and ecological levels, but most of these studies are based on short-term periods and small spatial scales and lack a multi-species approach. Here, using generalised additive models (GAMs) and the UK Breeding Bird Survey (BBS), we described response curves for the abundance of 100 resident bird species over large spatial and temporal scales and identified the species showing a greater sensitivity to CLEXs. We used five climatic indices computed at 1-km spatial resolution as proxies of CLEXs during the winter or breeding season and considered both 1- and 2-year lagged effects. The results demonstrated widespread and significant effects of CLEXs on bird abundances at both time lags and in both seasons. Winter frost days (FD0), summer days (SU25) during the breeding season and simple precipitation intensity index (SDII) during the breeding season mainly showed negative effects. Daily temperature range (DTR) in both winter and breeding season and dry days (DD) during the breeding season led to diversified responses across the species, with a prevalence of positive effects. A large proportion of species showed a high sensitivity to CLEXs, highlighting that these species may deserve attention in future studies aimed at biodiversity conservation. We demonstrated that CLEXs can represent a significant driver affecting population abundances over large spatial and temporal scales, emphasising the need for understanding mechanistic processes at the basis of the observed effects.
Federated learning model for credit card fraud detection with data balancing techniques
Authors: Abdul Salam Mustafa , Fouad Khaled M. , Elbably Doaa L. , Elsayed Salah M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn recent years, credit card transaction fraud has resulted in massive losses for both consumers and banks. Subsequently, both cardholders and banks need a strong fraud detection system to reduce cardholder losses. Credit card fraud detection (CCFD) is an important method of fraud prevention. However, there are many challenges in developing an ideal fraud detection system for banks. First off, due to data security and privacy concerns, various banks and other financial institutions are typically not permitted to exchange their transaction datasets. These issues make traditional systems find it difficult to learn and detect fraud depictions. Therefore, this paper proposes federated learning for CCFD over different frameworks (TensorFlow federated, PyTorch). Second, there is a significant imbalance in credit card transactions across all banks, with a small percentage of fraudulent transactions outweighing the majority of valid ones. In order to demonstrate the urgent need for a comprehensive investigation of class imbalance management techniques to develop a powerful model to identify fraudulent transactions, the dataset must be balanced. In order to address the issue of class imbalance, this study also seeks to give a comparative analysis of several individual and hybrid resampling techniques. In several experimental studies, the effectiveness of various resampling techniques in combination with classification approaches has been compared. In this study, it is found that the hybrid resampling methods perform well for machine learning classification models compared to deep learning classification models. The experimental results show that the best accuracy for the Random Forest (RF); Logistic Regression; K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN); Decision Tree (DT), and Gaussian Naive Bayes (NB) classifiers are 99,99%; 94,61%; 99.96%; 99,98%, and 91,47%, respectively. The comparative results show that the RF outperforms with high performance parameters (accuracy, recall, precision and f score) better than NB; RF; DT and KNN. RF achieve the minimum loss values with all resampling techniques, and the results, when utilizing the proposed models on the entire skewed dataset, achieved preferable outcomes to the unbalanced dataset. Furthermore, the PyTorch framework achieves higher prediction accuracy for the federated learning model than the TensorFlow federated framework but with more computational time.
The natural course of idiopathic cervical dystonia
Authors: Dressler Dirk , Kopp Bruno , Pan Lizhen , Saberi Fereshte Adib 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIdiopathic cervical dystonia (ICD) is by far the largest subgroup of dystonia. Still, its natural course is largely unknown. We studied the natural course of 100 ICD patients from our botulinum toxin clinics (age at ICD onset 45.8 ± 13.5 years, female/male ratio 2.0) over a period of 17.5 ± 11.5 years with follow-ups during botulinum toxin therapy and with semi-structured interviews. Two courses of ICD could be distinguished by symptom development of more or less than 6 months. ICD-type 2 was less frequent (19% vs 81%, p < 0.001), had a more rapid onset (8.7 ± 8.0 weeks vs 3.8 ± 3.5 years), a higher remission rate (92% vs 5%, p < 0.001) and a higher prevalence of excessive psychological stress preceding ICD (63% vs 1%, p < 0.001). In both ICD-types, the plateau phase was non-progressive. Significant differences in patient age at ICD onset, latency and extent of remission, female/male ratio and prevalence of family history of dystonia could not be detected. ICD is a non-progressive disorder. ICD-type 1 represents the standard course. ICD-type 2 features rapid onset, preceding excessive psychological stress and a high remission rate. These findings will improve prognosis, treatment strategies and understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. They contradict the widespread fear of patients of a constant and continued decline of their condition. Excessive psychological stress may be an epigenetic factor triggering the manifestation of genetically predetermined dystonia.
Sex differences in social cognition among individuals with schizophrenia and in healthy control participants: a secondary analysis of published data
Authors: Vaskinn Anja , Ueland Torill , Melle Ingrid , Sundet Kjetil 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Sex differences are present among individuals experiencing schizophrenia. Whether these differences extend to social cognition is unclear. In this study, we investigated sex differences in emotion perception, social perception and theory of mind (ToM).

Methods
We examined sex differences between males and females with schizophrenia on five social cognitive tests. Healthy male and female control participants were included to examine if any sex difference was illness-specific. Emotion perception was measured with Pictures of Facial Affect (PFA) and Emotion in Biological Motion (EmoBio); social perception with the Relationships Across Domains Test (RAD); and ToM with the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC) and Hinting Task.

Results
Two-way analyses of variance revealed overall group differences for all tests, with healthy controls outperforming individuals with schizophrenia. Significant sex effects were present for PFA and Hinting Task. There were no significant interaction effects. Within-group independent samples t-tests yielded one significant sex difference, i.e., among healthy controls for PFA.

Conclusions
Females had better facial emotion perception than males. This sex difference was statistically significant among healthy controls and medium-large among individuals experiencing schizophrenia. There were no significant sex differences for other social cognitive domains. The study did not find evidence for a general female advantage in social cognition.
Idiopathic erythrocytosis: a germline disease?
Authors: Elli E. M. , Mauri M. , D’Aliberti D. , Crespiatico I. , Fontana D. , Redaelli S. , Pelucchi S. , Spinelli S. , Manghisi B. , Cavalca F. , Aroldi A. , Ripamonti A. , Ferrari S. , Palamini S. , Mottadelli F. , Massimino L. , Ramazzotti D. , Cazzaniga G. , Piperno A. , Gambacorti-Passerini C. , Piazza R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPolycythemia Vera (PV) is typically caused by V617F or exon 12 JAK2 mutations. Little is known about Polycythemia cases where no JAK2 variants can be detected, and no other causes identified. This condition is defined as idiopathic erythrocytosis (IE). We evaluated clinical-laboratory parameters of a cohort of 56 IE patients and we determined their molecular profile at diagnosis with paired blood/buccal-DNA exome-sequencing coupled with a high-depth targeted OncoPanel to identify a possible underling germline or somatic cause. We demonstrated that most of our cohort (40/56: 71.4%) showed no evidence of clonal hematopoiesis, suggesting that IE is, in large part, a germline disorder. We identified 20 low mutation burden somatic variants (Variant allelic fraction, VAF, < 10%) in only 14 (25%) patients, principally involving DNMT3A and TET2. Only 2 patients presented high mutation burden somatic variants, involving DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1 and WT1. We identified recurrent germline variants in 42 (75%) patients occurring mainly in JAK/STAT, Hypoxia and Iron metabolism pathways, among them: JAK3-V722I and HIF1A-P582S; a high fraction of patients (48.2%) resulted also mutated in homeostatic iron regulatory gene HFE-H63D or C282Y. By generating cellular models, we showed that JAK3-V722I causes activation of the JAK-STAT5 axis and upregulation of EPAS1/HIF2A, while HIF1A-P582S causes suppression of hepcidin mRNA synthesis, suggesting a major role for these variants in the onset of IE.
Graphical abstract
Synthesis of green nanoparticles for energy, biomedical, environmental, agricultural, and food applications: A review
Authors: Osman Ahmed I. , Zhang Yubing , Farghali Mohamed , Rashwan Ahmed K. , Eltaweil Abdelazeem S. , Abd El-Monaem Eman M. , Mohamed Israa M. A. , Badr Mai M. , Ihara Ikko , Rooney David W. , Yap Pow-Seng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNanomaterials have been rapidly developed during the last decades, yet many nanoparticles synthesized by classical methods are toxic and their synthesis procedure is not sustainable. Here we review the green synthesis of nanoparticles from biomass and waste with a focus on synthetic mechanisms and applications in energy production and storage, medicine, environmental remediation, and agriculture and food. Biomass use for synthesis include microorganisms, fungi, plants, and agro-industrial bio-waste. Compared to conventional synthesis, green synthesis allows a 30% reduction in energy consumption, cost savings of up to 40%, and a 50% increase in production output. Biomedical applications comprise antibacterials, anticancers, antioxidants, and drug delivery mechanisms. Carbon quantum dots and photovoltaics are discussed in the energy section. Agricultural and food applications focus on nanofertilization, pest control, and food quality. Environmental remediation includes water and soil purification.
Exploring aspect-based sentiment quadruple extraction with implicit aspects, opinions, and ChatGPT: a comprehensive survey
Authors: Zhang Hao , Cheah Yu-N , Alyasiri Osamah Mohammed , An Jieyu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn contrast to earlier ABSA studies primarily concentrating on individual sentiment components, recent research has ventured into more complex ABSA tasks encompassing multiple elements, including pair, triplet, and quadruple sentiment analysis. Quadruple sentiment analysis, also called aspect-category-opinion-sentiment quadruple Extraction (ACOSQE), aims to dissect aspect terms, aspect categories, opinion terms, and sentiment polarities while considering implicit sentiment within sentences. Nonetheless, a comprehensive overview of ACOSQE and its corresponding solutions is currently lacking. This is the precise gap that our survey seeks to address. To be more precise, we systematically reclassify all subtasks of ABSA, reorganizing existing research from the perspective of the involved sentiment elements, with a primary focus on the latest advancements in the ACOSQE task. Regarding solutions, our survey offers a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art utilization of language models within the ACOSQE task. Additionally, we explore the application of ChatGPT in sentiment analysis. Finally, we review emerging trends and discuss the challenges, providing insights into potential future directions for ACOSQE within the broader context of ABSA.
A Quantization of the Loday-Ronco Hopf Algebra
Authors: Esteves João N. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe propose a quantization algebra of the Loday-Ronco Hopf algebra $$k[Y^\infty ]$$

k
[

Y
∞

]

, based on the Topological Recursion formula of Eynard and Orantin. We have shown in previous works that the Loday-Ronco Hopf algebra of planar binary trees is a space of solutions for the genus 0 version of Topological Recursion, and that an extension of the Loday Ronco Hopf algebra as to include some new graphs with loops is the correct setting to find a solution space for arbitrary genus. Here we show that this new algebra $$k[Y^\infty ]_h$$

k

[

Y
∞

]

h

is still a Hopf algebra that can be seen in some sense to be made precise in the text as a quantization of the Hopf algebra of planar binary trees, and that the solution space of Topological Recursion $$\mathcal {A}^h_{\text {TopRec}}$$

A

TopRec
h

is a subalgebra of a quotient algebra $$\mathcal {A}_{\text {Reg}}^h$$

A

Reg

h

obtained from $$k[Y^\infty ]_h$$

k

[

Y
∞

]

h

that nevertheless doesn’t inherit the Hopf algebra structure. We end the paper with a discussion on the cohomology of $$\mathcal {A}^h_{\text {TopRec}}$$

A

TopRec
h

in low degree.
Physiological Responses to Organizational Stressors Among Police Managers
Authors: Di Nota Paula M. , Scott Sarah C. , Huhta Juha-Matti , Gustafsberg Harri , Andersen Judith P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPolice officers demonstrate increased risk of physical and mental health conditions due to repeated and prolonged exposure to stressful occupational conditions. Occupational stress is broken into two types: operational stress, related to the content of field duties (e.g., physical demands); and organizational stress, related to cultural and structural contexts (e.g., interpersonal relationships). Applied police research focuses on physiological activation in operational tasks as a mechanism explaining health risk and non-optimal performance outcomes. However, recent survey-based studies indicate numerous organizational stressors associated with self-reported mental health symptoms. The question of whether organizational stressors elicit significant physiological activity remains unknown. The current proof-of-concept field study tests the hypothesis that police managers will display significant physiological reactivity before, during, and after engaging in reality-based scenarios representative of stressful police management tasks developed from evidence-based pedagogical approaches. A sample of 25 training police managers (7 female, M = 16 +/- 5.3 years of experience) completed 5 reality-based scenarios, including resolving a heated conflict between colleagues, delivering negative feedback to a subordinate, and critical incident command. Significant increases in heart rate relative to rest were observed during all tasks, and in anticipation of several tasks. Greater increases in reactive heart rate were associated with longer recovery times. Sex differences and relationships between objective biological and subjective psychological measures of stress are discussed. The current findings demonstrate significant physiological responses to organizational stressors similar to levels observed during operational tasks, despite the absence of physical or aerobic exertion. Implications for police health and training are discussed.
Performance of a novel spectroscopy-based tool for adjuvant therapy decision-making in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: a validation study
Authors: Coombes R Charles , Angelou Christina , Al-Khalili Zamzam , Hart William , Francescatti Darius , Wright Nicholas , Ellis Ian , Green Andrew , Rakha Emad , Shousha Sami , Amrania Hemmel , Phillips Chris C. , Palmieri Carlo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Digistain Index (DI), measured using an inexpensive mid-infrared spectrometer, reflects the level of aneuploidy in unstained tissue sections and correlates with tumor grade. We investigated whether incorporating DI with other clinicopathological variables could predict outcomes in patients with early breast cancer.

Methods
DI was calculated in 801 patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative primary breast cancer and ≤ 3 positive lymph nodes. All patients were treated with systemic endocrine therapy and no chemotherapy. Multivariable proportional hazards modeling was used to incorporate DI with clinicopathological variables to generate the Digistain Prognostic Score (DPS). DPS was assessed for prediction of 5- and 10-year outcomes (recurrence, recurrence-free survival [RFS] and overall survival [OS]) using receiver operating characteristics and Cox proportional hazards regression models. Kaplan–Meier analysis evaluated the ability of DPS to stratify risk.

Results
DPS was consistently highly accurate and had negative predictive values for all three outcomes, ranging from 0.96 to 0.99 at 5 years and 0.84 to 0.95 at 10 years. DPS demonstrated statistically significant prognostic ability with significant hazard ratios (95% CI) for low- versus high-risk classification for RFS, recurrence and OS (1.80 [CI 1.31–2.48], 1.83 [1.32–2.52] and 1.77 [1.28–2.43], respectively; all P < 0.001).

Conclusion
DPS showed high accuracy and predictive performance, was able to stratify patients into low or high-risk, and considering its cost and rapidity, has the potential to offer clinical utility.
Logistic regression versus XGBoost for detecting burned areas using satellite images
Authors: Militino A. F. , Goyena H. , Pérez-Goya U. , Ugarte M. D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractClassical statistical methods prove advantageous for small datasets, whereas machine learning algorithms can excel with larger datasets. Our paper challenges this conventional wisdom by addressing a highly significant problem: the identification of burned areas through satellite imagery, that is a clear example of imbalanced data. The methods are illustrated in the North-Central Portugal and the North-West of Spain in October 2017 within a multi-temporal setting of satellite imagery. Daily satellite images are taken from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products. Our analysis shows that a classical Logistic regression (LR) model competes on par, if not surpasses, a widely employed machine learning algorithm called the extreme gradient boosting algorithm (XGBoost) within this particular domain.
On the Fire Hose Kickback Force in Solid Water Streams
Authors: Nguyen Dac , Kesler Richard M. , Cheng Shyuan , Chamorro Leonardo P. , Vega Samuel , Fields Aaron , LeGear Dennis , Masoud Farzaneh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the kickback force (FK) experienced by firefighters during fire suppression using hoses of varying diameters and different nozzle sizes. Rigorous ground tests were conducted, where a fire engine was employed to propel water through a 200 ft hose line, simulating real-life firefighting scenarios while using the hip grip and clamp techniques for hose advancement. Two distinct hose sizes, 13/4 and 21/2 in., were employed with solid stream nozzles of varying diameters, facilitating the examination of kickback forces at different attacking angles. The findings substantiate that the FK exhibits variability in response to changes in the attacking angle when utilizing the clamp technique, which encompasses angles of 45°, 30°, and 15°. The 45° angle exhibits the lowest force, while the 30° angle manifests the highest force, demonstrating a notable discrepancy of up to 25% compared to the 45° scenario. The FK observed at the 15° angle for the clamp technique closely approximates the corresponding values derived from the hip grip hose advancement method. The results also underscore the necessity of regarding the NFPA nozzle reaction force as an integral component of the all-encompassing FK experienced by firefighters during hose line operations. The NFPA nozzle reaction force resulted significantly below the actual FK observed in all tested experiments, displaying the most substantial difference of 50% in the case of the 30° angle utilizing the clamp technique.