bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating levels of insulin‐like growth factor‐I and risk of ovarian cancer
Authors: Lukanova Annekatrin , Lundin Eva , Toniolo Paolo , Micheli Andrea , Akhmedkhanov Arslan , Rinaldi Sabina , Muti Paola , Lenner Per , Biessy Carine , Krogh Vittorio , Zeleniuch‐Jacquotte Anne , Berrino Franco , Hallmans Göran , Riboli Elio , Kaaks Rudolf 
Published: October 2002

AbstractInsulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐I, a mitogenic and anti‐apoptotic peptide, has been implicated in the development of several cancers. We hypothesized that high circulating IGF‐I concentrations may be associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer. A case–control study was nested within 3 prospective cohorts in New York (USA), Umeå (Sweden) and Milan (Italy). One hundred thirty‐two women with primary invasive epithelial ovarian cancer diagnosed at least 1 year after blood donation were case subjects. For each case, 2 control subjects were selected, matching the case subject on cohort, menopausal status, age and date of recruitment (n = 263). Only women who did not use exogenous hormones at blood donation were included in the study. There was no association between IGF‐I concentrations and ovarian cancer risk in the study group as a whole. In analyses restricted to subjects who had developed ovarian cancer at a young age (<55), circulating IGF‐I was directly and strongly associated with ovarian cancer risk (OR = 4.97; 95% CI = 1.22–20.2 for the top vs. the bottom IGF‐I tertile after adjustment for parity, BMI categories and smoking). There was no significant association of IGF binding protein‐3 with ovarian cancer risk. We found a strong direct relationship between circulating IGF‐I levels and risk of developing ovarian cancer before age 55. Additional, larger studies of this association are needed to provide more precise estimates of effect. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increasing endogenous ceramide using inhibitors of sphingolipid metabolism maximizes ionizing radiation‐induced mitochondrial injury and apoptotic cell killing
Authors: Rodriguez‐Lafrasse Claire , Alphonse Gersende , Aloy Marie‐Thérèse , Ardail Dominique , Gérard Jean‐Pierre , Louisot Pierre , Rousson Robert 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTo enhance the killing effects of ionizing radiation, we amplified the endogenous ceramide signal in Jurkat cell cultures using 3 different inhibitors of sphingolipid metabolism: DL‐PDMP, D‐MAPP and imipramine. Of the various possible drug combinations, only DL‐PDMP (20 μM) + imipramine (20 μM) and DL‐PDMP (20 μM) + imipramine (20 μM) + D‐MAPP (5 μM) induced a major increase in ceramide levels, reaching 240% and 340% of control values, respectively, after incubation for 48 hr. With these models, we demonstrate that endogenously formed ceramide triggers time‐ and concentration‐dependent apoptosis through induction of mitochondrial injury and activation of the caspase pathway. Cellular dysfunction includes alterations to the cellular redox potential, as assessed by the generation of ROS and total glutathione depletion, and a drop in ΔΨm. A parallel elevation of mitochondrial ceramide levels was also observed. The combination of DL‐PDMP + imipramine ± D‐MAPP with 10 Gy irradiation produced cumulative effects leading to apoptosis via mitochondrial collapse and activation of the caspase cascade. The association efficiency was confirmed in normal and acid sphingomyelinase‐deficient lymphoid cell lines. Taken together, these results suggest that increasing endogenous ceramide levels may potentially be very valuable when combined with ionizing radiation in tumor therapy. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trends in cancer patient survival in Estonia before and after the transition from a Soviet republic to an open‐market economy
Authors: Aareleid Tiiu , Brenner Hermann 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCancer patients' survival is strongly dependent on socioeconomic factors, including access to and quality of medical care. During the past decade, Estonia has undergone a major political and economic change from a Soviet republic to an open‐market economy country, and the health care system was transformed from a centralised state‐controlled system into a decentralised health insurance‐based one. Using data from the population‐based Estonian Cancer Registry, we assessed trends in cancer patient survival before and after this transition by application of period analysis, a new method of survival analysis, which allows more timely disclosure of time trends than traditional survival analysis. Our study included 83,138 patients diagnosed with 1 of the 11 most frequent malignancies in Estonia from 1969–1998. Patients were followed up to the end of 1998. Despite a moderate increase in 5‐ and 10‐year relative survival over time, prognosis for many common forms of cancer, such as stomach, colorectal, breast and ovarian cancer, remained considerably worse than the survival rates achieved in more affluent European countries many years ago. By contrast, a very steep increase in survival rates was observed for common urologic cancers, including prostate, kidney and bladder cancer, which went along with a rise in incidence rates of these cancers over time. For prostate cancer, similar survival rates as in other European countries have now been achieved. The most likely explanation for these trends is enhanced availability and utilization of laboratory and technical diagnostic equipment. Despite recent improvement, major efforts in delivering modern cancer care to the population of Estonia will be required to close the gap that continues to exist between prognosis of cancer patients in this country and other European countries. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Host genetic control of HPV 16 titer in carcinoma in situ of the cervix uteri
Authors: Beskow Anna H. , Gyllensten Ulf B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCervical cancer is strongly associated with infection by oncogenic forms of human papillomavirus (HPV). Although most women are able to clear an HPV infection, some develop persistent infections that may lead to cancer. The determinants of persistent infection are largely unknown. We have previously shown that women developing carcinoma in situ of the cervix uteri have higher titers of HPV 16 long before development of cervical neoplasia, indicating that the immune response to HPV is important in determining the outcome of an infection. The HLA class II alleles DRB1*1501 and DQB1*0602 have previously been associated with an increased risk of HPV infection, and carriers of these alleles also tend to have more long‐term infections. Together these results indicate that certain HLA alleles may affect the ability to control the HPV copy number. To evaluate this possibility, we studied the HLA class II DRB1*1501‐DQB1*0602 haplotype, as well as the alleles individually, and the HPV 16 titer in 928 women from a retrospective case‐control study (441 cases and 487 controls). Carriers of the haplotype DRB1*1501‐DQB1*0602 allele have a significantly higher HPV 16 titer compared to noncarriers (t‐test with unequal variance, p = 0.017). An association was found between the HLA haplotype carrier frequency and HPV 16 titer (Mantel‐Haenszel statistics p = 0.005). To study whether titer is related to the persistency of infection, women were divided into groups with long‐term and short‐term infection. A strong correlation is seen between long‐term infection and high viral load and between short‐term infection and low viral load. These results show that host genetic factors, e.g., variation at the HLA class II loci studied, may affect the immune reaction to the virus and thereby indirectly increase the susceptibility to carcinoma in situ of the cervix uteri. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Very young foster children and foster families: Clinical challenges and interventions
Authors: Heller Sherryl Scott , Smyke Anna T. , Boris Neil W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRecent federal reviews of the foster care system in the United States have concluded that the system is “in crisis.” Clinicians familiar with the foster care system are undoubtedly aware of significant stress points directly impacting foster families. In July of 1997, an innovative program was developed to assess and treat young foster children (under 48 months of age). A significant focus of this program's clinical work is supporting foster parents. This article begins with a brief review of the status of foster parenting in the United States. A description of challenges and obstacles faced by foster parents participating in this program and the service providers who work with them follows. Finally, a review of the various intervention strategies used by our program to address clinical challenges inherent in work with foster families is provided. ©2002 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Evaluating maltreated infants, toddlers, and preschoolers in dependency court
Authors: Malik Neena M. , Lederman Cindy S. , Crowson Mary M. , Osofsky Joy D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWork in the child welfare system is rarely informed by research, particularly in the court system. Resources are limited, despite the fact that it is in juvenile dependency courts that the most serious cases of maltreatment are heard and decisions made about the safety and treatment of maltreated children. Although a disproportionate number of dependent or foster children are infants and toddlers, courts rarely have access to specialized expertise in understanding the needs of young children. In this article, a court‐based evaluation program called PREVENT (Prevention and Evaluation of Early Neglect and Trauma) is presented. The PREVENT protocol is described and the intervention implications for the program are discussed. ©2002 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Interim impairment reviews: What are the consequences?
Authors: Urbancic Frank R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGoodwill purchased in business combinations must now be reviewed for impairment, rather than amortized. The

author takes a critical look at a controversial issue: the timing and frequency for recognizing an impairment

loss. What are the implications on strategic planning for M&As? © 2002 Wiley Periodicals,

Inc.
On c‐Bhaskar Rao designs with block size 4
Authors: Greig Malcolm , Hurd Spencer P. , McCranie Judson S. , Sarvate Dinesh G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSeveral new families of c‐Bhaskar Rao designs with block size 4 are constructed. The necessary conditions for the existence of a c‐BRD (υ,4,λ) are that: (1)λmin=−λ/3 ≤ c ≤ λ and (2a) c≡λ (mod 2), if υ > 4 or (2b) c≡ λ (mod 4), if υ = 4 or (2c) c≠ λ − 2, if υ = 5. It is proved that these conditions are necessary, and are sufficient for most pairs of c and λ; in particular, they are sufficient whenever λ−c ≠ 2 for c > 0 and whenever c − λmin≠ 2 for c < 0. For c < 0, the necessary conditions are sufficient for υ> 101; for the classic Bhaskar Rao designs, i.e., c = 0, we show the necessary conditions are sufficient with the possible exception of 0‐BRD (υ,4,2)'s for υ≡ 4 (mod 6). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 10: 361–386, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jcd.10009
Correlation of p21 gene codon 31 polymorphism and TNF‐α gene polymorphism with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Tsai Ming‐Hsui , Chen Wen‐Chi , Tsai Fuu‐Jen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackground p21 (WAF1/CIP1) is a downstream protein from p53 and can arrest the cell cycle at the G1/S phase in response to signal from p53. The most frequently seen polymorphic site is at codon 31, where a base change from AGC to AGA causes an amino acid change from serine to arginine. Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) is a cytokine that is secreted from macrophages, and is related to a sequence of events in the response to inflammation and cancer formation. The TNF‐α gene promoter –308 G/A polymorphism has been reported to be associated with some cancers. In this study, these polymorphisms were proposed to be a candidate genetic marker of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The distribution was analyzed in 47 NPC patients and a control group of 119 healthy people. The association of the p21 codon 31 polymorphism with NPC was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction analysis byBlpI endonuclease, and calculated by the chi‐square test. The TNF‐α gene promoter –308 G/A polymorphism was identified byNcoI endonuclease. The distribution of the gene p21 codon 31 polymorphisms showed no significant difference between the two groups. The serine form of p21 codon 31 was more prominent in smokers than nonsmokers among the NPC patients (P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in the distribution of TNF‐α gene promoter –308 G/A polymorphism between control and cancer patients. The results indicate that the gene p21 codon 31 polymorphism and TNF‐α promoter –308 polymorphism are not correlated with NPC. However, the difference between smokers and nonsmokers suggests that an environmental factor may be involved in association with the p21 gene in the formation of NPC. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:146–150, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reflections on practice: Ethics, race, and worldviews
Authors: Bishop Brian J. , Higgins David , Casella Francis , Contos Natalie 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTwo case studies involving Indigenous Australians are described, which pose ethical and conceptual problems. Over two decades ago Sarason (1972) gave the warning that we are socialized into a culture so well that our interventions can be ineffective or misguided unless we attempt to come to grips with history and the broader social context. Understanding worldviews of both the targeted community and ourselves is imperative if we are going to do more good than harm. The two case studies involve White practitioners working with Indigenous people, and as such, bring into sharp relief the ethical issues and worldviews of those involved. Reflection on the process of intervention provides a mechanism for insight into informed practice and the development of professional knowledge and theory. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modeling and experimental verification of radiative transfer of a flat‐plate photoreactor with immobilized photocatalyst
Authors: Dal Zhiming , Gu Mingyuan , Chen Aiping , Gu Hongchen , Zhu Zhongnan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA cost‐effective design of photocatalytic reactor needs efficient contact of the polluted substance with the solid catalyst while uniformly irradiating the solid catalyst with light. In the present paper, an immobilized photocatalyst comprising TiO2 coated on Pyrex‐glass‐coils (abbreviated hereafter as TGC) was developed, and a flat‐plate photocatalytic reactor packed with TGC was designed. The reactor has some advantages such as low pressure drop, intensification of mass transfer; relatively uniform distribution of light radiation; high ratio of illuminated catalyst surface area to volume, and is flexible enough for large‐scale application. The radiation intensity distribution and the two‐flux model parameters were measured, and the two‐flux model was solved numerically. The experimental values were compared with the theoretical predictions. Good agreement was obtained with a maximum deviation about 10%. Finally, the two‐flux model described the radiation intensity distribution and local volumetric rate of energy absorption in the flat‐plate reactor packed with TGC.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Sonographic demonstration of a pancreatopleural fistula
Authors: Kumar Atin , Upreti Lalendra , Bhargava Satish K. , Gupta Shefali 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPancreatopleural fistula is an uncommon complication of pancreatitis. The presence of a fistulous tract, although not mandatory for diagnosis of pancreatopleural fistula, has been documented previously with contrast‐enhanced radiography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. We report the case of a pancreatopleural fistula with right pleural effusion demonstrated sonographically in a 13‐year‐old girl with a history of chronic pancreatitis and upper abdominal pain. Sonography also showed a pseudocyst of the pancreas with pleural effusion. The patient was treated conservatively with nutritional support and intercostal drainage of the pleural fluid. Her symptoms resolved and the pleural effusion gradually disappeared. Sonography is useful in confirming the presence of a suggested pancreatopleural fistula and can avoid the need for other, more technically challenging imaging modalities. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:503–505, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www. interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10103
Detection of air microbubbles in the internal jugular vein after intravenous injection of contrast agent for the diagnosis of patent foramen ovale
Authors: Ratanakorn Disya , Myers Lawrence G. , Tegeler Charles H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe use of agitated air and saline, injected intravenously, combined with monitoring of the middle cerebral artery using transcranial Doppler sonography, is an effective method for detecting paradoxic cerebral embolism caused by right‐to‐left intracardiac shunting. This technique is particularly useful in patients with a patent foramen ovale. In patients without temporal acoustic windows, the method can be modified by using sonographic monitoring of the common carotid artery. Observation of saline‐contrast microbubbles in the internal jugular vein during this procedure suggests incompetence of the ipsilateral internal jugular valve. This noninvasive method may thus be useful for studying the competence of the internal jugular valve. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:506–509, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10105
Mechanism by which an elevation of extracellular glucide concentration induces pigment aggregation in medaka melanophores
Authors: Fujii Ryozo , Goda Makoto , Oshima Noriko 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn increase in glucide concentration induces pigment aggregation in melanophores in the skin on scales isolated from the medaka, Oryzias latipes. In this study, hexoses (including the common D‐isomers of glucose, galactose, fructose, and mannitol) were examined. Denervated melanophores were refractory to such stimuli. An α‐adrenolytic agent, phentolamine, effectively blocked the responses of normally innervated melanophores. The pigment‐aggregating action of glucide was inhibited by withdrawal of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions from the medium. A specific blocker of voltage‐dependent N‐type Ca2+ channels, the ω‐conotoxin GVIA, also inhibited the glucide action. The conclusion derived is that an elevation of glucide levels acts to open Ca2+ channels of presynaptic membranes of sympathetic postganglionic fibers, and the consequently released adrenergic transmitter acts on the effector cells to induce the aggregation of their pigmentary organelles. Microsc. Res. Tech. 58:514–522, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular markers and therapeutic targets in ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Boland Gary P. , Knox W. Fiona , Bundred Nigel J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDuctal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is a premalignant condition which accounts for approximately 20% of all new breast cancers and up to 40% of neoplastic lesions detected by mammographic screening. Since recurrence is common after DCIS treated with breast conservation surgery, there is a need to determine molecular factors that predict recurrence. In parallel with this and with the finding that oestrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer can be prevented with anti‐oestrogens, there have been recent advances in the understanding of the molecular biology of DCIS. Receptor coexpression in DCIS has been determined largely by immunohistochemistry. Animal models have provided evidence for the signalling pathways involved in the regulation and dysregulation of proliferation and apoptosis in both normal breast and in situ cancer. ER‐negative DCIS has been shown to be hormone‐independent. Blockade of the pathways involved in cell proliferation in ER‐negative DCIS is possible and will be necessary to prevent ER‐negative breast cancers if the goal of breast cancer chemoprevention is to be realistically achieved. Microsc. Res. Tech. 59:3–11, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retinoids and retinoic acid receptors regulate growth arrest and apoptosis in human mammary epithelial cells and modulate expression of CBP/p300
Authors: Dietze Eric C. , Caldwell L. Elizabeth , Marcom Kelly , Collins Steven J. , Yee Lisa , Swisshelm Karen , Hobbs Katherine B. , Bean Gregory R. , Seewaldt Victoria L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRetinoids and retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are important mediators of normal epithelial cell homeostasis. To assess the role of retinoids and RARs in regulating growth arrest and apoptosis in benign and malignant mammary epithelial cells, two model systems were developed: 1) RAR function was suppressed in retinoid‐sensitive normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) by the dominant‐negative retinoic acid receptor, RARα403 (DNRAR), and 2) retinoid‐resistant MCF‐7 breast cancer cells were transduced with a functional RARβ2. Inhibition of RAR function by the DNRAR in HMECs resulted in retinoid‐resistance, increased proliferation, and dysregulated growth when cells were cultured in reconstituted extracellular matrix (rECM). Expression of RARβ2 in MCF‐7 cells resulted in sensitivity to retinoid‐induced growth arrest and apoptosis. The CREB‐binding protein (CBP) and the homologous protein p300 are tightly regulated, rate‐limiting integrators of diverse signaling pathways and are recruited during retinoid‐mediated transcriptional activation. The relationship between retinoid receptor expression, growth regulation, and transcriptional regulation of CBP/p300 is poorly understood. Inhibition of RAR function in HMECs by DNRAR suppressed expression of CBP/p300 and expression of RARβ2 in MCF‐7 cells promoted induction of CBP/p300 when cells were treated with 1.0 μM all‐trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA). These results suggest that ATRA and RARs regulate growth arrest of HMECs and modulate CBP/p300 protein expression. Since CBP and p300 are normally present in limiting amounts, their regulation by ATRA and RARs may be an important element in the control of transcriptional activation of genes regulating growth arrest and apoptosis. Microsc. Res. Tech. 59:23–40, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pathological examination of sentinel lymph node in breast cancer: Potential problems and possible solutions
Authors: Hoda Syed A. , Chiu April , Resetkova Erika , Harigopal Malini , Hoda Rana S. , Osborne Michael P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has emerged during the last few years as a viable option for staging the axilla in the treatment of breast carcinoma. This procedure can potentially identify patients who would be helped by full axillary lymph node dissection (the SLN‐positive cases), and those who would not (the SLN‐negative cases). Review of the literature confirms the promise of SLN; however, the possible problems in the pathological handling of SLN, including the microscopic misinterpretation of benign structures and “spurious” immunohistochemical staining, need wider recognition. Microsc. Res. Tech. 59:85–91, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.