bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infections among adolescent men who have sex with men and transgender women in Salvador, Northeast Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Caio Marcellus , Marques Lucas Miranda , Medeiros Danielle Souto de , Salgado Valdiele de Jesus , Soares Fabiane , Magno Laio , Dourado Inês , da Silva Ághata Morgana Bertoti , Brito Henrique Inácio Lima de , Figueiredo Tiana Baqueiro , Campos Guilherme Barreto 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) and transgender women (ATGW) enrolled as part of the PrEP1519 study between April 2019 and February 2021 in Salvador were tested for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections.We performed real-time polymerase chain reaction using oropharyngeal, anal, and urethral swabs; assessed factors associated with NG and CT infections using multivariable Poisson regression analysis with robust variance; and estimated the prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). In total, 246 participants were included in the analyses (median age: 18.8; IQR: 18.2–19.4 years). The overall oropharyngeal, anal, and urethral prevalence rates of NG were 17.9%, 9.4%, 7.6%, and 1.9%, respectively. For CT, the overall, oropharyngeal, anal, and urethral prevalence rates were 5.9%, 1.2%, 2.4%, and 1.9%, respectively. A low level of education, clinical suspicion of STI (and coinfection with Mycoplasma hominis were associated with NG infection. The prevalence of NG and CT, especially extragenital infections, was high in AMSM and ATGW. These findings highlight the need for testing samples from multiple anatomical sites among adolescents at a higher risk of STI acquisition, implementation of school-based strategies, provision of sexual health education, and reduction in barriers to care.
Long-term effects of physical training on cardiopulmonary exercise parameters in young patients with congenital heart diseases
Authors: Ferrero Paolo , Piazza Isabelle , Poggioli Giacomo , Chessa Massimo , Lorenzelli Fabio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroduction:Physical activity is recognised as an important intervention in patients with CHD. However, more data on the actual magnitude of physical training impact on functional capacity in this group of patients are still warranted. We aim to assess effort tolerance in a contemporary cohort of patients with congenital heart disease, regularly following a training programme, in comparison with a matched control group.Methods:Patients with CHD followed at the sports medicine department, who had undergone cardiopulmonary exercise test between 2011 and 2019, were included. Variables recorded were maximum workload, absolute and indexed maximum oxygen consumption, maximum heart rate, absolute and indexed maximum O2 pulse, ventilatory equivalent of CO2 and oxygen consumption/Work. Trend of cardiopulmonary parameters was analysed over time. Maximal workload, maximum oxygen consumption and ventilatory equivalent of CO2 were compared with a control group of patients with a more sedentary lifestyle, matched for diagnosis, gender, age, and body mass index.Results:Among one hundred and eleven patients, 73 males (66%) were analysed. Median age was 14 (12–17) years. Twenty-nine patients (27%) were practising sports at competitive level. Maximum oxygen consumption and oxygen consumption % of maximum predicted were not significantly different at follow-up as compared with baseline. Follow-up of maximum oxygen consumption was 38.2 ± 9 ml/kg/min versus 38.6 ± 9.2 ml/kg/min (p = NS) and follow-up of %oxygen consumption was 88 ± 20 versus 87 ± 15 (p = NS). Ventilatory equivalent of CO2 significantly improved in the last test as compared with the baseline: 30 ± 4 versus 33 ± 5 (p = 0.002). As compared with the control group, trained patients displayed a significantly higher maximum workload and oxygen consumption, while ventilatory equivalent of CO2 was not significantly different.Conclusions:In our cohort, patients following a regular training programme displayed a significantly higher functional capacity as compared with not trained control group, irrespective of NYHA class. Objective functional capacity was stable over a median follow-up of 3 years.
Herbicide effects on dormant and postdormant hybrid bermudagrass putting green turf
Authors: Peppers John M. , Askew Shawn D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHerbicide resistance coupled with a dearth of selective herbicide options has increased the complexity of annual bluegrass control in hybrid bermudagrass putting greens. Cumyluron, endothall, and methiozolin are herbicides that control annual bluegrass by inhibiting novel sites of action compared with the herbicides currently used for turfgrass management in the United States. However, peer-reviewed literature contains no information on hybrid bermudagrass putting green tolerance to these herbicides. Sixteen field studies were established on eight golf greens in Midlothian, VA, in 2021 and 2022 to evaluate effects of cumyluron, endothall, methiozolin, pronamide, and trifloxysulfuron on bermudagrass spring transition. The 16 studies were split equally between initiation during full dormancy versus mid-spring transition. Methiozolin applied at 500 and 1,000 g ai ha−1 typically increased the heat units (growing degree days with a base temperature of 15 C) required for hybrid bermudagrass to visibly achieve 90% green coverage (T90) when applied to fully dormant hybrid bermudagrass. This delay in green coverage was more pronounced at sites where hybrid bermudagrass vigor was seemingly reduced via abiotic stressors. Endothall was generally more injurious than all other treatments when applied to hybrid bermudagrass during mid-transition. Endothall applied at 840 g ai ha−1 injured hybrid bermudagrass for 0 to 9 d over a threshold of 30% (DOT30), depending on location. In two site-years characterized by increased abiotic stress, methiozolin applied at 1,000 g ai ha−1 caused 44 DOT30. Cumyluron never injured hybrid bermudagrass by more than 30% or delayed T90 regardless of application timing. These results indicate that methiozolin should be applied only within labeled rates to actively growing hybrid bermudagrass putting greens, cumyluron can be safely applied at 6,450 g ai ha−1 to dormant or actively growing bermudagrass greens, and endothall applications should be limited to dormant bermudagrass greens unless transient phytotoxicity is acceptable.
Spatio‐Temporal Variations in Sediment Delivery as a Response to Rapid Quaternary Climate Change in the Lake Malawi Rift, East Africa
Authors: Wright Lachlan J. M. , Scholz Christopher A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe interplay of rapid climate change and tectonics drives landscape development, sediment routing, and deposition in early‐stage continental rift systems. The Lake Malawi Rift, in the Western Branch of the East African Rift, is an archetype of a juvenile rift and an ideal natural laboratory for evaluating lacustrine source‐to‐sink systems on orbital or shorter timescales. We examine the interplay of these processes over the past 140 kyr using observations from nested seismic reflection data sets tied to scientific drill cores, which calibrate numerical forward models of this closed sedimentary system. Fault slip rates measured from seismic data drive tectonic displacements in the model. Satellite‐derived precipitation maps constrain modern precipitation and are scaled to previous hydrologic balance studies to reconstruct past climates. Our model reproduces known sediment thicknesses across the rift and accounts for 96% of the estimated siliciclastic sediment deposited over the past 140 kyr. The results demonstrate that the onset of arid climate conditions (140–95 kyr BP) causes extreme drainage adjustments downstream and the formation of mega‐catchments that flow axially into a shallow restricted paleo‐lake. Sedimentation rates during this time are twice the present values due to increased sediment focusing via these axial systems into a much smaller, hydrologically closed lake. As the climate became wetter (95–50 kyr BP), the lake rapidly expanded, decreasing both erosion and sedimentation rates across the rift. This closed‐loop approach allows us to evaluate the role of high‐frequency climate change in modulating basin physiography as well as sediment fluxes in juvenile rift systems.
Secondary Gravity Waves From the Tonga Volcano Eruption: Observation and Modeling Over New Zealand and Australia
Authors: Figueiredo C. A. O. B. , Vadas S. L. , Becker E. , Wrasse C. M. , Takahashi H. , Nyassor P. K. , Barros D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe biggest volcanic eruption since 1991 happened on 15 January 2022 on the island of Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Haʻapai (20.6°S; 175.4°W) in the South Pacific between 4:00 and 4:16 UT. The updrafts from the eruption reached 58 km height. In order to observe its ionospheric effects, approximately 750 GNSS receivers in New Zealand and Australia were used to calculate the detrended total electron content (dTEC). Traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) were observed over New Zealand 1.0–1.5 hr after the volcano eruption, with a horizontal wavelength () of 1,525 km, horizontal phase velocity () of 635 m/s, period (τ) of 40 min, and azimuth (α) of 214°. On the other hand, TIDs were observed 2–3 hr after the eruption in Australia with , , τ, and α of 922 km, 375 m/s, 41 min, and 266°, respectively. Using reverse ray tracing, we found that these GWs originated at z > 100 km at a location ∼500 km south of Tonga, in agreement with model results for the location of a large amplitude body force created from the breaking of primary GWs from the eruption. Thus, we found that these fast GWs were secondary, not primary GWs from the Tonga eruption.
Postseismic Deformation in the Northern Antarctic Peninsula Following the 2003 and 2013 Scotia Sea Earthquakes
Authors: Nield Grace A. , King Matt A. , Koulali Achraf , Samrat Nahidul 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLarge earthquakes in the vicinity of Antarctica have the potential to cause postseismic viscoelastic deformation affecting measurements of displacement that are used to constrain models of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). In November 2013, a Mw 7.7 strike‐slip earthquake occurred in the Scotia Sea, 650 km from the Antarctic Peninsula. GPS time series from the northern Peninsula show a change in rate after this event, indicating a far‐field postseismic deformation signal is present. In this study, we use a finite element model with a suite of 1D and 3D Earth structures to investigate the extent of postseismic deformation in the Antarctic Peninsula. Model output is compared with GPS time series to place constraints on the Earth structure in this region. The preferred Earth structure has a thin lithosphere combined with a Burgers rheology with steady‐state viscosity of 4 × 1018 Pa s and transient viscosity one order of magnitude lower. Our study shows that including 3D Earth structure does not improve the fit. Using the best fitting Earth structure, we run a forward model of the nearby 2003 Mw 7.6 strike‐slip earthquake and combine the predictions for both earthquakes. We show that postseismic deformation is widespread across the northern Peninsula with rates of horizontal deformation up to 1.65 mm/yr for the period 2015–2020, a signal that persists for decades. These results suggest that much of Antarctica may be deforming due to recent postseismic deformation and this signal needs to be accounted for when using GPS observations to constrain geophysical models.
Uncertainty Quantification for the Noah‐MP Land Surface Model: A Case Study in a Grassland and Sandy Soil Region
Authors: Wang Heng , Huo Xueli , Duan Qingyun , Liu Rui , Luo Shiwei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLand surface models rely on a multitude of parameters to simulate land‐atmosphere interactions, but the parameter uncertainty can limit the reliability of model predictions. This study utilizes a parameter uncertainty quantification (UQ) framework to quantify and reduce the parameter uncertainty of the Noah‐MP land surface model in a grassland and sandy soil region in the Midwest of the USA. First, the sparse polynomial chaos expansion method which can quantify the interaction effect of parameters, is employed. A relatively small parameter sample size (i.e., 20 times of the number of parameters) was sufficient to identify the sensitive parameters; an additional sensitive parameter, the saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, was screened out compared to previous study. Then, based on the selected sensitive parameters, the weighted multi‐objective adaptive surrogate modeling‐based optimization algorithm is used as the parameter optimization method. The optimization results showed that the root mean square error of flux of latent heat (FLH) on about 82% of the total grids was reduced, and the number was about 57% for gross primary production (GPP) compared to the results using the original parameter settings, indicating that the Pareto parameter set by the UQ framework improved the Noah‐MP model in simulating FLH and GPP in a grassland and sandy soil region in the Midwest of the USA.
Modeling Slope Microclimates in the Mars Planetary Climate Model
Authors: Lange L. , Forget F. , Dupont E. , Vandemeulebrouck R. , Spiga A. , Millour E. , Vincendon M. , Bierjon A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA large number of surface features (e.g., frost, gullies, slope streaks, recurring slope lineae) are observed on Martian slopes. Their activity is often associated with the specific microclimates on these slopes, which have been mostly studied with one‐dimensional radiative balance models to date. We develop here a parameterization to simulate these microclimates in 3D Global Climate Models. We first demonstrate that any Martian slope can be thermally represented by a poleward or equatorward slope, that is, the daily average, minimum, and maximum surface temperatures depend on the North‐South component of the slope. Based on this observation, we implement here a subgrid‐scale parameterization to represent slope microclimates (radiative fluxes, volatile condensation, ignoring slope winds for now) in the Mars Planetary Climate Model and validate it through comparisons with surface temperature measurements and frost detections on sloped terrains. With this new model, we show that slope microclimates do not have a significant impact on the seasonal CO2 and H2O cycles on a global scale. Furthermore, short‐scale slopes (i.e., less than ∼1 km in length) do not significantly impact the thermal state of the atmosphere. Ninety‐one percent of the active gullies are found where our model predicts CO2 frost, suggesting that their activity is related to processes involving CO2 ice. However, the low thicknesses (≤tens of cm) predicted at mid‐latitudes rule out mechanisms involving large amounts (∼meters) of ice. This model opens the way to new studies on surface‐atmosphere interactions in present and past climates.
Establishing safe high hydrostatic pressure devitalization thresholds for autologous head and neck cancer vaccination and reconstruction
Authors: Maletzki Claudia , Freiin Grote Vivica , Kalle Friederike , Kleitke Thoralf , Zimpfer Annette , Becker Anne-Sophie , Bergmann-Ewert Wendy , Jonitz-Heincke Anika , Bader Rainer , Vollmar Brigitte , Hackenberg Stephan , Scherzad Agmal , Mlynski Robert , Strüder Daniel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHigh hydrostatic pressure specifically devitalizes cells and tissues without major changes in their molecular structure. Hence, high hydrostatic pressure may enhance the development of whole-cell anti-tumor vaccines, representing tumor heterogeneity and thus (neo-) antigen diversity. Moreover, safe devitalization of tumor-infiltrated supporting tissue may facilitate reimplantation for functional reconstruction. However, precise high hydrostatic pressure thresholds for safe cancer cell killing are unknown. Here, we show that high hydrostatic pressure of at least 315 MPa is necessary to safely devitalize head and neck squamous cell cancer. A pressure of 210 MPa, which has been used frequently in cancer vaccine preparation, resulted in partial devitalization with 27% live cells in flow cytometry and 4% remaining autofluorescence in cell culture after one week. The remaining cells could form vital tumors in the chorioallantoic membrane assay. In contrast, 315 MPa killed all cells in vitro and prevented tumor outgrowth in ovo. The effectiveness of 315 MPa was attributed to the induction of DNA double-strand breaks, independent of apoptosis, autophagy, or methuosis. Furthermore, 315 MPa continued to induce immunogenic cell death. Our results demonstrate that 315 MPa of high hydrostatic pressure induces safe and sustained devitalization of head and neck cancer cells and tissues. Because of the heterogeneity in pressure resistance, we propose our approach as a starting point for determining the precise thresholds for other cancer entities. Further studies on head and neck cancer should focus on immunological co-cultures, combinations of immune checkpoint inhibition, and accurate anatomical reconstruction with pressure-treated autografts.
C-type lectin receptor 2d forms homodimers and heterodimers with TLR2 to negatively regulate IRF5-mediated antifungal immunity
Authors: Li Fan , Wang Hui , Li Yan-Qi , Gu Yebo , Jia Xin-Ming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDimerization of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) or Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can alter their ligand binding ability, thereby modulating immune responses. However, the possibilities and roles of dimerization between CLRs and TLRs remain unclear. Here we show that C-type lectin receptor-2d (CLEC2D) forms homodimers, as well as heterodimers with TLR2. Quantitative ligand binding assays reveal that both CLEC2D homodimers and CLEC2D/TLR2 heterodimers have a higher binding ability to fungi-derived β-glucans than TLR2 homodimers. Moreover, homo- or hetero-dimeric CLEC2D mediates β-glucan-induced ubiquitination and degradation of MyD88 to inhibit the activation of transcription factor IRF5 and subsequent IL-12 production. Clec2d-deficient female mice are resistant to infection with Candida albicans, a human fungal pathogen, owing to the increase of IL-12 production and subsequent generation of IFN-γ-producing NK cells. Together, these data indicate that CLEC2D forms homodimers or heterodimers with TLR2, which negatively regulate antifungal immunity through suppression of IRF5-mediated IL-12 production. These homo- and hetero-dimers of CLEC2D and TLR2 provide an example of receptor dimerization to regulate host innate immunity against microbial infections.
Broad-spectrum kinome profiling identifies CDK6 upregulation as a driver of lenvatinib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Leung Carmen Oi Ning , Yang Yang , Leung Rainbow Wing Hei , So Karl Kam Hei , Guo Hai Jun , Lei Martina Mang Leng , Muliawan Gregory Kenneth , Gao Yuan , Yu Qian Qian , Yun Jing Ping , Ma Stephanie , Zhao Qian , Lee Terence Kin Wah 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIncreasing evidence has demonstrated that drug resistance can be acquired in cancer cells by kinase rewiring, which is an obstacle for efficient cancer therapy. However, it is technically challenging to measure the expression of protein kinases on large scale due to their dynamic range in human proteome. We employ a lysine-targeted sulfonyl fluoride probe, named XO44, which binds to 133 endogenous kinases in intact lenvatinib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. This analysis reveals cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) upregulation, which is mediated by ERK/YAP1 signaling cascade. Functional analyses show that CDK6 is crucial in regulation of acquired lenvatinib resistance in HCC via augmentation of liver cancer stem cells with clinical significance. We identify a noncanonical pathway of CDK6 in which it binds and regulates the activity of GSK3β, leading to activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Consistently, CDK6 inhibition by palbociclib or degradation by proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) is highly synergistic with lenvatinib in vitro. Interestingly, palbociclib not only exerts maximal growth suppressive effect with lenvatinib in lenvatinib-resistant HCC models but also reshapes the tumor immune microenvironment. Together, we unveil CDK6 as a druggable target in lenvatinib-resistant HCC and highlight the use of a chemical biology approach to understand nongenetic resistance mechanisms in cancer.
Dissolved organic matter thiol concentrations determine methylmercury bioavailability across the terrestrial-marine aquatic continuum
Authors: Seelen Emily , Liem-Nguyen Van , Wünsch Urban , Baumann Zofia , Mason Robert , Skyllberg Ulf , Björn Erik 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe most critical step for methylmercury (MeHg) bioaccumulation in aquatic food webs is phytoplankton uptake of dissolved MeHg. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been known to influence MeHg uptake, but the mechanisms have remained unclear. Here we show that the concentration of DOM-associated thiol functional groups (DOM-RSH) varies substantially across contrasting aquatic systems and dictates MeHg speciation and bioavailability to phytoplankton. Across our 20 study sites, DOM-RSH concentrations decrease 40-fold from terrestrial to marine environments whereas dissolved organic carbon (DOC), the typical proxy for MeHg binding sites in DOM, only has a 5-fold decrease. MeHg accumulation into phytoplankton is shown to be directly linked to the concentration of specific MeHg binding sites (DOM-RSH), rather than DOC. Therefore, MeHg bioavailability increases systematically across the terrestrial-marine aquatic continuum as the DOM-RSH concentration decreases. Our results strongly suggest that measuring DOM-RSH concentrations will improve empirical models in phytoplankton uptake studies and will form a refined basis for modeling MeHg incorporation in aquatic food webs under various environmental conditions.
SIgA structures bound to Streptococcus pyogenes M4 and human CD89 provide insights into host-pathogen interactions
Authors: Liu Qianqiao , Stadtmueller Beth M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractImmunoglobulin (Ig) A functions as monomeric IgA in the serum and Secretory (S) IgA in mucosal secretions. Host IgA Fc receptors (FcαRs), including human FcαR1/CD89, mediate IgA effector functions; however, human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes has evolved surface-protein virulence factors, including M4, that also engage the CD89-binding site on IgA. Despite human mucosa serving as a reservoir for pathogens, SIgA interactions with CD89 and M4 remain poorly understood. Here we report cryo-EM structures of M4-SIgA and CD89-SIgA complexes, which unexpectedly reveal different SIgA-binding stoichiometry for M4 and CD89. Structural data, supporting experiments, and modeling indicate that copies of SIgA bound to S. pyogenes M4 will adopt similar orientations on the bacterium surface and leave one host FcαR binding site open. Results suggest unappreciated functional consequences associated with SIgA binding to host and bacterial FcαRs relevant to understanding host-microbe co-evolution, IgA effector functions and improving the outcomes of group A Streptococcus infection.