bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Note on the Demographic and Economic Structure of the Jewish Community in Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Darvish Tikva , Don Yehuda 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The chief obstacle to most studies about Latin American Jewry, particularly of the smaller communities, is the absence of reliable information. Obtaining data on small Jewish minorities in Latin America is an almost impossible mission. For instance, the Jewish community in Quito, Ecuador, is not even mentioned in the important recent survey on Jews in Latin America as presented in the American Jewish Year Book (1985).Our purpose is to present and interpret recent information on the demographic and economic structure of the Jewish households in Quito.The community of Quito was selected for two reasons: first, it is small and relatively accessible for investigation; second, it is still, to a large extent, a homogeneous community in which many of the methodological hazards of misinterpretation can be avoided.
The Gezerd Down Under
Authors: Rechter David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The disproportionate Jewish involvement in nineteenth- and twentieth-century leftwing politics in Europe, Russia and America has been well documented. Differing approaches to questions of Jewish identity-its individual, collective and political meanings-have led to a diversity of opinion regarding the relationship of this political involvement to Jewish tradition.Some have downplayed the Jewishness of at least the most notable of these radical Jews, a view that finds its most succinct expression in Isaac Deutscher’s phrase “the non-Jewish Jew.”2 Jews defining themselves as international socialists, it is argued, rejected their Jewish identity as meaningless and, worse, an obstruction to revolutionary progress. Finding themselves at the margins of both their host society and their own Jewish community, they substituted political radicalism for a lost or unwanted Jewish identity.3 An alternative approach (the “veryJewish Jew”?) attempts to find in Jewish tradition and culture an explanation of Jewish radicalism, while a middle course is steered by those who see the Jewish attachment to the Left as primarily rooted in self-interest and sociopolitical circumstances, neither deeply embedded in, nor irretrievably alienated from, Jewish tradition.
London: A Metropolitan University?
Authors: Rothblatt Sheldon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The London University began life as a solitary college. In a decade it was a federation, and it has never ceased to be a federation, if different now from then. Its past and present, although a logical extrapolation from its history, could not be predicted and becomes, therefore, yet another instance of the wise assumption that no institution, least of all a university, exists apart from a much larger social and cultural whole.
Professor At The University Of Basel (1870-1878)
Authors: Gilman Sander L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
I met Nietzsche in Maderanertal in 1870, quite by chance and fleetingly. He gave the impression of a very introverted, somewhat ailing man. He tended to avoid encounters and conversations; but if they took place, then he was striking for the cordiality and earnestness he developed and seemed to direct to his counterpart. One immediately felt challenged to tell him something that one felt to be important. During a music session we played him Brahms’ fourhanded love-waltz and Beethoven’s Opus 26. He listened attentively, then replied with Wagner’s “Eulogy” from Die Meistersinger. He played it freely and seemed to reproduce it according to a performance he had heard rather than a studied extract of sheet music. In later years I heard it played again by him in exactly the same manner. He had no virtuosity, played almost hard and squarely, seeking the tones in memory, then on the keyboard. Near Nietzsche I had the feeling of a riddle, a mystery. He responded to something like a girlish naturalness with a certain solemnity against a background of modest humor and high spirits.
Introduction: Politics, Society, and the Individual in the Jacksonian Era
Authors: Kohl Lawrence Frederick 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
When Rip Van Winkle returned home after his long sleep in the mountains he found his world transformed. The drowsy village he remembered had about it a “busy, bustling, disputatious tone.” It seemed to Rip that the very character of the people had changed. He found himself lost and alone in this new world: “Strange names were over the doors—strange faces at the windows—every thing was strange.” Cut off from the familiar ties of family and friends he began to doubt his own identity.
The Idea of Composition as a Discipline
Authors: Phelps Louise Wetherbee 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the first chapter I tried to show how a great transformation in our view of reality forms a background for the effort of composition to constitute itself reflectively as a unified discipline. The two decades in which we have striven toward that goal coincide with movements in many spheres of inquiry toward a contextualist understanding of knowledge, thought, and communication. The patterns of change vary locally and unfold at different rates in different fields, but they have a synergistic effect as interdisciplinary thinkers begin to perceive, formulate, and argue their coherence in philosophical terms.
Dialectics of Coherence
Authors: Phelps Louise Wetherbee 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In Philosophy in a New KeySusanne Langer writes of the great generative ideas that periodically arise to transform our intellectual enterprises by changing the very terms in which we frame our questions and conceive our purposes. When one of these concepts bursts into consciousness, we cannot at first view it critically, because it is the nature of a key change to possess us with its compelling new vision of the world. For some time afterward we are absorbed in exploiting the energizing, fertilizing power of the new idea, which seems limitless in its implications and applications. Only later, as a paradigm matures, can we begin to refine and correct its key concept and to achieve the critical distance necessary to recognize its bounds.
Toward a Human Science Disciplined by Practical Wisdom
Authors: Phelps Louise Wetherbee 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As I interpret the line quoted (which is not elaborated in his letter), Gadamer claims that science, in the form of general laws, cannot tell us precisely how to make practical-moral decisions in everyday life, while he suggests-somewhat mysteriously-that perhaps the wisdom of experience should “discipline” science itself. To translate this language into that of composition debates, Gadamer is saying that theory, at least theory as defined by the natural sciences, cannot govern daily teaching practices, but that conceivably it might work the other way around.
Dien Bien Phu: A Critique
Authors: Davidson Phillip B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In their books on the battle of Dien Bien Phu, both Giap and Navarre listed their reasons for Giap’s victory and Navarre’s defeat. They agreed that the sudden and massive increase in Chinese aid following the suspension of the Korean War fueled Giap’s victory. Giap listed two additional basic factors in his success: correct strategy and high Vietminh morale.1 While this is an oversimplified explanation for a complex success, Giap accurately put his finger on three fundamental factors which brought him victory.
The Best of Years and the Worst of Years 1967
Authors: Davidson Phillip B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
For both sides, 1967 was the “best of years and the worst of years.” The United States would take long strides toward winning the shooting war in South Vietnam and over North Vietnam, and both sides would realize it. Yes, in 1967, militarily speaking, there really was a “light at the end of the tunnel” On the other hand, neither side would recognize that the United States would begin to lose the political and psychological war at home. On the other side, Ho, Giap, and Pham Van Dong would come to the stark realization in 1967 that they were losing the war militarily in both North and South Vietnam. As a result they would decide on a course of action which would hand a military victory to the United States and the South Vietnamese in 1968.
Nixon’s War: Peace With Honor 1969
Authors: Davidson Phillip B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
On 20 January 1969, Richard Milhous Nixon took the oath of the office as president of the United States. “Johnson’s War” had now become “Nixon’s War,” and it became his task, aided by his national security adviser, Dr. Henry Kissinger, to lead the country out of the war which he had inherited. During his presidential campaign, Nixon had repeatedly stated that he had a plan to end the war. This was political hyperbole, for Nixon had only a vague, generalized approach to getting out of the war which combined the ideas of weakening the enemy, strengthening the RVNAF, and beginning United States troop withdrawals. The first concrete plan for the conduct of the war was devised after the Nixon administration had been in office some four months.
Culture
Authors: Briggs Asa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The concept of culture has an agricultural ongm: it first referred to the tending or “cultivation” of crops. In the later stages of its history the concept has retained within it the sense of process. The “culture of the mind” is not acquired at once, nor does a person become “cultivated” at once. Many attempted definitions of the word culture have been inspired by the sense that it was being misused. One reason is that during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries it acquired new meanings far removed from its humble origins. For some people it became a thing in itself, a state rather than a process, or perhaps an achievement or veneer, something that persons or societies either had or did not have. Pride in a specific national culture was a buttress of nationalism, and both developing educational and communications systems were geared to enhancing it. For Matthew Arnold (1822-1888), self-proclaimed bearer of “sweetness and light” to mid-Victorian Britain, culture was “the pursuit of our total perfection by means of getting to know, on all the matters which most concern us, the best which has been thought and said in the world.” In referring to the world and not to the nation, Arnold was insisting that the best was universal.
Ethnopoetics
Authors: Tedfock Dennis 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Study of the verbal arts in a worldwide range of languages and cultures. Primary attention is given to the vocal-auditory channel of communication in which speaking, chanting, or singing voices give shape to proverbs, riddles, curses, laments, praises, prayers, prophecies, public announcements, and narratives (see Folktale; Proverb; Riddle). The aim is not only to analyze and interpret oral performances but also to make them directly accessible through transcriptions and translations that display their qualities as works of art. Ethnopoetics originated in the United States among poets such as David Antin, Jerome Rothenberg, and Gary Snyder, all of whom had training in anthropology or linguistics; Nathaniel Tarn, whose poetic career was preceded by an anthropological career under the name E. Michael Mendelson; and anthropologists and linguists with experience in writing poetry, including Stanley Diamond, Dell Hymes, and Dennis Tedlock.
Speech Play
Authors: McDowell John Holmes 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The creative disposition of language resources; the manipulation of formal features and processes of language to achieve a striking restructuring of familiar discourse alignments. A great deal of conversational speech play is essentially frivolous, yet it serves vital communicative needs, such as establishing a proper social bonding among participants in a speech event. More over, when it is used in connection with certain social and RIT UAL enactments, speech play may acquire a profound or even exalted stature. Speech play is a species of what Roman Jakobson refers to as “introversive semiosis,” that is, language turned in on itself. Speech play highlights relationships among linguistic elements that tend to remain latent in the more reference-oriented uses of linguistic codes. It fastens on the “wrinkles” in the linguistic code, its points of overlap, inconsistency, ambiguity, and anomaly. It draws attention to inconvenient linguistic facts, such as the piling up of lexemes on a single phonetic unit, the dose phonetic resemblance of contrasting lexical items (the French poisson, meaning “fish” and poison, meaning “poison”), or the ambiguity produced by optional deletions in a syntactic structure (“the shooting of the hunters was terrible”).
Program Management
Authors: Schwartz Samuel M , Friedman Mischa E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
One of the most striking changes in the extramural programs began in the early 1970s. A high-level staff committee chaired by Dr. Theodore Cooper, then Director of the NHLBI, completed its study of the organization and management of the extramural programs. The resulting recommendations were implemented and the structure of the extramural programs was totally revamped. In the context of this chapter, the most relevant recommendations of the Cooper Committee were: (1) The extramural programs in each institute should be organized according to scientific program areas, and (2) the grant and contract mechanisms should be combined under single management within a program area.
Decision Points and Communications and Appeals
Authors: Schwartz Samuel M , Friedman Mischa E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
While it is important for a PI to know what to do, and when and how to do it in applying for grant support, it is also valuable to know where the critical decision points are in the process. This will avoid time-consuming delays in the processing and review of applications.
Because so much depends on the award of a grant, useful advice from experienced researchers and administrators should be sought. Where appropriate, the completed draft of the application should be discussed with knowledgeable senior faculty members of the department. There may be a departmental publications committee organized to approve the submission of applications as well as research papers for publication.
The CIA in the Groves of Academe
Authors: Johnson Loch K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The diction comes straight out of the Operations Directorate: “We exploit our territory [the campuses] as effectively as possible.”1 “He has excellent penetration into the student body.” 2 “We have 200 assets in approximately 100 academic institutions.”3 “Exploit,” “penetration,” “assets”-terms that normally are associated with the dark arts of espionage have slipped easily into the vernacular of CIA officials responsible for intelligence activities on American college and university campuses.
Controlling the CIA: A Critique of Current Safeguards
Authors: Johnson Loch K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Is it possible to have an effective secret service in an open society? That is the central question of this book. The weight of the evidence suggests a positive answer-indeed, democracies in this perilous world must have a secret service. The United States could well perish at the hands of foreign enemies without the protection afforded its citizens by the eyes and ears of the intelligence community. But an important caveat has to be added immediately: democracies must also maintain strong safeguards to shield their citizens against the possible misuse of secret power at home or abroad.
Introduction
Authors: Sloan Frank A , Bovbjerg Randall R , Githens Penny B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
If aging Doctor Kildare were to return to medical practice today, having been in suspended animation since the early 1960s (Brand 1941), he would find enormous changes in his malpractice insurance coverage. The first surprise is that the physician’s malpractice coverage has become so important. No longer can he practice at his hospital without it. And much higher limits are needed to protect his practice and other assets against the financial risks of lawsuits. The annual bill takes up to 5 percent of his gross revenues from practice, compared with a fraction of 1 percent while he was building his practice. He also encounters much more variation in rates across many more risk categories than he was accustomed to, with a major distinction being whether he wants to continue delivering babies or not. And he is astonished to learn that his standard coverage no longer protects him from all lawsuits arising out of this year’s practice, no matter when the claim comes in, but instead covers only claims filed this year—and then only claims arising from prior years when he was covered with the same company.
Regulation and Its Effects
Authors: Sloan Frank A , Bovbjerg Randall R , Githens Penny B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Among insurers, it is an article of faith that theirs is a heavily regulated (and taxed) industry. And so it is, in many ways. Among consumer advocates, it is an article of faith that most regulations codify industry preferences and that most regulators barely scratch the surface of insurers’ behavior, so that much stronger regulation is needed. And so they do, in other ways.
The practical result is an evolving mix of competition and regulation across different spheres of operation . and over time, as different influences wax and wane. An unusual feature of the malpractice marketplace is the recent rise to dominance of provider-sponsored insurers (Chapters I, 2). Along with self-insurance, this leading role for the insureds themselves creates a kind of private regulation in the interests of dominant professionab. Primary insurers must also answer to their reinsurers (Chapter 5), who have a strong interest in many aspects of primary insurers’ practices. Market competition and the duty to shareholders (especially in physician•’-ponsorcd com¬ panies) are also strong forces. To what extent regulatory versus other factors affect insurance practice is a major policy issue.
Profitability in Malpractice Coverage: Excessive or Normal?
Authors: Sloan Frank A , Bovbjerg Randall R , Githens Penny B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Perhaps the single most innammatory accusation raised against malpractice and other property-liability insurers is that they have made excessive profits at the expense of consumers. Such charges have frequently surfaced in times of stress-notably after requests for substantial premium increases or withdrawal of insurers from some geo¬ graphic areas or lines of coverage. Critics have insisted that crises of availability are trumped up by an industry seeking excessive profits and have often demanded inves¬ tigations, pressured regulators to reject price rises, and even voted rate rollbacb, as under California’s Proposition 103 in 1988. The belief in insurance “ripoffs” is wide¬ spread. but systematic, long-term evidence has been sparse. Policymakers and other interested observers need more.
The Enchantment and the Leech: Cherokee Memory
Authors: Hatley Tom 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
LATE in the seventeenth century, when the people who had only recently begun to call themselves Cherokee came into first contact with the Carolina colonists, these mountain-dwellers were already recovering from an earlier, troubled time. The dreams told by the Cherokee priests to their white visitors remembered a long period of shortage and depopulation. Especially vivid is the story of “enchantment” surviving in the record of an English trader named Alexander Longe who lived among the Cherokees from 1714 to 1724. At a town called Agustoghe, Longe was told, a “beloved man,” or village elder, had through fasting discovered a hidden village disguised as a “tum pool,” or whirlpool, in a river. The enchanted town was a place where “all things comes naturally without any trouble. The people never dies there nor never grows old … the light never fails. In the midst of winter there is green com … and [the town] speaks Cherokee as we do.” The elder added that he could lead the people to this village of refuge from the present only if they would undertake a fast. After the prescribed time the fast was suddenly broken by a mysterious entrance: in a darkened townhouse, with everyone present, “a troop of women [came] with all sorts of victuals as green com, pumpkin, water and muskmelons and turkey, deer, bear and buffalo meat.” The people of Agustoghe disappeared into this better place in the whirlpool.
Precious Freight: The Freedom Train
Authors: Fried Richard M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Attorney General Tom Clark was a worried man. The nation’s chief law enforcement officer from 1945 to 1949, he confronted the problems of war’s aftermath. Similar concerns had eroded the patience and tweaked, then mocked, the political ambitions of A. Mitchell Palmer, Wilson’s attorney general. Like Palmer, Clark served in a time of tumult that included labor militancy, a perceived decline in law and order, consumer shortages and inflation, and Communist agitation given poignancy by threats emergent in the Soviet Union-all in a context of clamorous interest-group politics and a plummeting civic consciousness.
Housework Made Easy
Authors: Nolan Mary 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Those who tirelessly preached the gospel of rationalization sought to trans, form not only machines, factories, and vast business enterprises, but also the households and family lives of middle,class and, especially, working,class Germans. Women were central to this project. Bourgeois feminists, educa, tors, and social workers orchestrated a vast propaganda campaign to ratio, nalize the working,class home and the proletarian housewife. Working,class women were both the intended audience and the designated agents of the desired changes. The anticipated benefits from household rationalization, however, were to go first and foremost to others-husbands and children, industry and the national economy, political parties and the state. The impetus to rationalize housework came from diverse groups who shared a commitment to modern technology and productivist ideologies. There were of course Weimar Germany’s famous modern architects of the Bauhaus and the Neues Bauen movement, such as Bruno Taut and Martin Wagner, who regarded functional modern architecture as the key to trans, forming working-class housing and the lives led within it.1 Their partners in this campaign were industrialists, Social Democrats, and bourgeois femi, nists. All accepted aid from the same social workers, engineers, industrial sociologists, and vocational education teachers and coordinated their efforts through the Home Economics Group of the RKW.2 Each believed that whether or not modern public housing was built, the working-class house, wife could be Taylorized, the proletarian home rationalized. Each shared a vision of a “new person” who would be “modern, clean, rational, disciplined, as well as family oriented.”
Santa Clara Revisited: The Development of Corporate Theory
Authors: Horwitz Morton J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The gradual acceptance of the reality of multiple causation was one measure of recognition that a more complex and interdependent society had emerged by the turn of the century. During the quarter century after 1873, Americans had been forced to come to terms with an accelerating sense of loss of control over their destinies, as those familiar “island communities” that had structured an earlier way of life were seen to be rapidly fading away. It was a period marked by three deep economic downturns. As the Panic of 1873 was followed by depressions in 1885 and 1893-1897, Americans discovered the seemingly harsh inexorability of the business cycle. If the Paris Commune of 1871 introduced fear of socialism into American culture, the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 triggered a pervasive fear that, by succumbing to the disease of European class struggle, America had finally been drawn into the bitter cycles of European history.