bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyphal Growth in the Fission Yeast
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Amoah-Buahin Evelyn , Bone Neil , Armstrong John 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACT

The fission yeast
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
grows in a single-celled form or can mate and undergo meiosis and sporulation. Here we show that wild-type
S. pombe
can also differentiate to form elaborately branched hyphae which invade deep into solid medium. Branches appear in the hyphae adjacent to unseparated septa. Electron microscopy reveals unusual multivesicular structures within the hyphae. Nitrogen deprivation appears to be the main stimulus for hyphal growth. No mitogen-activated protein kinase is necessary for the response. Inhibition of cyclic AMP (cAMP) production or signaling prevents the response, and exogenous cAMP promotes it, suggesting that detection of a good carbon source is required for hyphal growth but not for mating.
FIELD PROGRAMMABLE ANALOG ARRAY TO IMPLEMENT A PROGRAMMABLE CHUA'S CIRCUIT
Authors: CAPONETTO RICCARDO , DI MAURO ANDREA , FORTUNA LUIGI , FRASCA MATTIA 
Published: July 2005

This paper introduces a new application of the Field Programmable Analog Array. Ease of design and reprogrammability are the advantages offered by this class of analog circuits, making them an ideal environment for the implementation of chaotic circuits and their experimental characterization. Chua's circuit, a well-known paradigm of nonlinear circuits, has been used as an example of application. Experimental results show the suitability of the approach, highlighting the features of the new implementation: a fully on the fly programmable Chua's circuit has been obtained.
LARGE DEFLECTION STATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THIN CIRCULAR PLATES RESTING ON TWO-PARAMETER ELASTIC FOUNDATION: HDQ/FD COUPLED METHODOLOGY APPROACHES
Authors: CİVALEK ÖMER 
Published: July 2005

An analysis of the geometrically nonlinear dynamics of thin circular plates on a two parameter elastic foundation is presented in this paper. The nonlinear partial differential equations obtained from von Karman's large deflection plate theory have been solved by using the harmonic differential quadrature method in the space domain and the finite difference numerical integration method in the time domain. Winkler-Pasternak foundation model is considered and the influence of stiffness of Winkler (K) and Pasternak (G) foundation on the geometrically nonlinear analysis of the circular plates has been investigated.Numerical examples demonstrate the satisfactory accuracy, efficiency and versatility of the presented approach. From the numerical computation, it can be concluded that the present coupled methodology is an efficient method for the nonlinear static and dynamic analysis of circular plates with or without an elastic medium.
Exilic and post-exilic prophecy and the orality/literacy problem
Authors: Schaper Joachim 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThis paper explores the uses of writing as documented in late pre-exilic and especially in exilic and post-exilic Judaean prophetic texts in the context of the orality/literacy debate. It delineates the impact the rising importance of writing had on Judaean prophecy and attempts to show that writing as a new "technology of the intellect" (J. Goody) irreversibly altered the character of Judaean prophecy. The paper also demonstrates that the concept of an orality/literacy continuum is likely to distort our view of the significance of writing in Israelite prophecy—and, indeed, of Israelite history as a whole. Against this background, it makes sense to reconsider the relationship between prophecy and scribalism. The passages from exilic and post-exilic prophetic texts discussed in the present paper indicate that, from the late pre-exilic period onwards, the contacts between prophets and priests/scribes became closer and closer.
Peroneus Longus Muscle Activation Pattern during Gait Cycle in Athletes Affected by Functional Ankle Instability
Authors: Santilli Valter , Frascarelli Massimo A. , Paoloni Marco , Frascarelli Flaminia , Camerota Filippo , De Natale Luisa , De Santis Fabio 
Published: July 2005

Background Functional ankle instability is a clinical syndrome that may develop after acute lateral ankle sprain. Although several causes of this functional instability have been suggested, it is still unclear what the activation pattern of the peroneus longus muscle is in patients with functional ankle instability. Hypothesis Peroneus longus activation patterns differ in the injured side and the uninjured side in subjects with functional ankle instability. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods The authors examined 14 subjects with functional ankle instability by using surface electromyography during walking. Activation time of the peroneus longus muscle was expressed as a percentage of the stance phase of the gait cycle. Results A statistically significant decrease in peroneus longus muscle activity was found in the injured side compared with the uninjured side (22.8% ± 4.25% vs 37.6% ± 3.5%, respectively). Conclusions Results obtained in this study show a change in peroneus longus muscle activation time after injury. Independent of the origin of this change, which could only be surmised, the decrease in peroneus longus muscle activity may result in reduced protection against lateral sprains. Clinical Relevance The assessment of peroneus longus activation pattern during gait is useful to design an appropriate rehabilitation program in athletes suffering from functional ankle instability.
Increased copy number at 3p14 in breast cancer
Authors: Ljuslinder Ingrid , Malmer Beatrice , Golovleva Irina , Thomasson Marcus , Grankvist Kjell , Höckenström Thomas , Emdin Stefan , Jonsson Yvonne , Hedman Håkan , Henriksson Roger 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Introduction
The present study was conducted to investigate if chromosome band 3p14 is of any pathogenic significance in the malignant process of breast cancer. Genetic studies have implicated a tumour suppressor gene on chromosome arm 3p and we have proposed LRIG1 at 3p14 as a candidate tumour suppressor. The LRIG1 gene encodes an integral membrane protein that counteracts signalling by receptor tyrosine kinases belonging to the ERBB family. LRIG1 mRNA and protein are expressed in many tissues, including breast tissue.

Methods
In the present report we analysed the LRIG1 gene by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), LRIG1 mRNA by quantitative RT-PCR, and LRIG1 protein by western blot analysis. Two tumour series were analysed; one series consisted of 19 tumour samples collected between 1987 and 1995 and the other series consisted of 9 tumour samples with corresponding non-neoplastic breast tissues collected consecutively.

Results
The LRIG1 gene showed increased copy number in 11 out of 28 tumours (39%) and only one tumour showed a deletion at this locus. Increased LRIG1 copy number was associated with increased levels of LRIG1 mRNA (two of three tumours) and protein (four of four tumours) in the tumours compared to matched non-neoplastic breast tissue, as assessed by RT-PCR and western blot analysis.

Conclusion
The molecular function of LRIG1 as a negative regulator of ERBB receptors questions the biological significance of increased LRIG1 copy number in breast cancer. We propose that a common, but hitherto unrecognised, breast cancer linked gene is located within an amplicon containing the LRIG1 locus at 3p14.3.
Psychometric evaluation of the Energy Conservation Strategies Survey
Authors: Mallik Priyanka S , Finlayson Marcia , Mathiowetz Virgil , Fogg Louis 
Published: July 2005

Objective: To examine the internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the Energy Conservation Strategies Survey (ECSS), a tool that was specifically designed to determine if people with multiple sclerosis who attended the six-week energy conservation course actually implemented the strategies taught to them. Design: The instrument ECSS was administered at six weeks and seven weeks post intervention to evaluate the test-retest reliability, while data from six weeks post intervention were utilized to assess the internal consistency of the ECSS. Setting: Community locations in Illinois and Minnesota, USA. Subjects: Data from 53 participants with multiple sclerosis living in the community were utilized for the psychometric study. Measures: Energy Conservation Strategies Survey. Results: The internal consistency of 0.92 reveals that all the items are consistent with each other and measure a single construct. Inferential analyses using intraclass correlation coefficient indicates good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.79). Conclusion: Findings of the study suggest that the ECSS exhibits high internal consistency and good test-retest reliability. The study implies that the ECSS could be valuable in measuring changes in behavior over time among people with multiple sclerosis after the completion of the six-week energy conservation course provided by occupational therapists.
Role of Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Staging and Follow-Up of Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Lightdale Charles J. , Kulkarni Ketan G. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo evaluate the role of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in the initial staging and follow-up of esophageal cancer on the basis of a review of the published literature.MethodsArticles published from 1985 to 2005 were searched and reviewed using the following keywords: “esophageal cancer staging,” “endoscopic ultrasound,” and “endoscopic ultrasonography.”ResultsFor initial anatomic staging, EUS results have consistently shown more than 80% accuracy compared with surgical pathology for depth of tumor invasion (T). Accuracy increased with higher stage, and was >90% for T3 cancer. EUS results have shown accuracy in the range of 75% for initial staging of regional lymph nodes (N). EUS has been invariably more accurate than computed tomography for T and N staging. EUS is limited for staging distant metastases (M), and therefore EUS is usually performed after a body imaging modality such as computed tomography or positron emission tomography. Pathologic staging can be achieved at EUS using fine-needle aspiration (FNA) to obtain cytology from suspect Ns. FNA has had greatest efficacy in confirming celiac axis lymph node metastases with more than 90% accuracy. EUS is inaccurate for staging after radiation and chemotherapy because of inability to distinguish inflammation and fibrosis from residual cancer, but a more than 50% decrease in tumor cross-sectional area or diameter has been found to correlate with treatment response.ConclusionEUS has a central role in the initial anatomic staging of esophageal cancer because of its high accuracy in determining the extent of locoregional disease. EUS is inaccurate for staging after radiation therapy and chemotherapy, but can be useful in assessing treatment response.
Differential Effects of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)-I and GnRH-II on Prostate Cancer Cell Signaling and Death
Authors: Maiti Kaushik , Oh Da Young , Moon Jung Sun , Acharjee Sujata , Li Jian Hua , Bai Dong Gyu , Park Hee-Sae , Lee Keesook , Lee Young Chul , Jung Neon Chul , Kim Kyungjin , Vaudry Hubert , Kwon Hyuk Bang , Seong Jae Young 
Published: July 2005

AbstractContext: GnRH is known to directly regulate prostate cancer cell proliferation, but the precise mechanism of action of the peptide is still under investigation.Objective: This study demonstrates differential effects of GnRH-I and GnRH-II on androgen-independent human prostate cancer cells.Results: Both GnRH-I and GnRH-II increased the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) either through Ca2+ influx from external Ca2+ source or via mobilization of Ca2+ from internal Ca2+ stores. Interestingly, the [Ca2+]i increase was mediated by activation of the ryanodine receptor but not the inositol trisphosphate receptor. Trptorelix-1, a novel GnRH-II antagonist but not cetrorelix, a classical GnRH-I antagonist, completely inhibited the GnRH-II-induced [Ca2+]i increase. Concurrently at high concentrations, trptorelix-1 and cetrorelix inhibited GnRH-I-induced [Ca2+]i increase, whereas at low concentrations they exerted an agonistic action, inducing Ca2+ influx. High concentrations of trptorelix-1 but not cetrorelix-induced prostate cancer cell death, probably through an apoptotic process. Using photoaffinity labeling with 125I-[azidobenzoyl-d-Lys6]GnRH-II, we observed that an 80-kDa protein specifically bound to GnRH-II.Conclusions: This study suggests the existence of a novel GnRH-II binding protein, in addition to a conventional GnRH-I receptor, in prostate cancer cells. These data may facilitate the development of innovatory therapeutic drugs for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Long-Term Follow-Up of 106 Multiple Sclerosis Patients Undergoing Interferon-β 1a or 1b Therapy: Predictive Factors of Thyroid Disease Development and Duration
Authors: Caraccio N. , Dardano A. , Manfredonia F. , Manca L. , Pasquali L. , Iudice A. , Murri L. , Ferrannini E. , Monzani F. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBackground: Conflicting data have been reported on the association between interferon (IFN)-β therapy of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and thyroid disease development.Aims: The goals of this study are as follows: to assess the actual occurrence of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity during long-term IFN-β therapy; to establish the possible presence of predictive factors for thyroid dysfunction development and duration; and to suggest an effective follow-up protocol for patients receiving long-term IFN-β therapy.Study Protocol: A total of 106 MS patients (76 women) underwent IFN-β 1a or 1b therapy for up to 84 months (median, 42 months). Thyroid function and autoimmunity were assessed at baseline and every 3–6 months throughout the treatment course.Results: Baseline thyroid autoimmunity was detected in 8.5% of patients and hypothyroidism in 2.8%. Thyroid dysfunction (80% hypothyroidism, 92% subclinical, 56% transient) developed in 24% (68% with autoimmunity) of patients and autoimmunity in 22.7% (45.5% with dysfunction), without significant differences between the two cytokines; 68% of dysfunctions occurred within the first year. Autoimmunity emerged as the only predictive factor for dysfunction development (relative risk, 8.9), whereas sustained disease was significantly associated with male gender (P &lt; 0.003).Conclusions: Both incident thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction frequently occur in MS patients during IFN-β therapy, particularly within the first year of treatment. Thyroid dysfunction is generally subclinical and transient in over than half of cases; preexisting or incident autoimmunity emerged as the only significant predictive factor for thyroid dysfunction development. Thyroid function and autoimmunity assessment is mandatory within the first year of IFN-β therapy; thereafter, serum TSH measurement only in patients with thyroid disease could be sufficient.
Gold-nanoparticle-dispersed Boron-doped Diamond Electrodes for Electrochemical Oxidation of Oxalic Acid
Authors: Ivandini Tribidasari A , Naono Yasutomo , Nakajima Atsushi , Einaga Yasuaki 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Electrochemical behavior of gold-nanoparticle-dispersed diamond electrodes have been studied for the oxidation of oxalic acid in phosphate buffer solution. Comparison is made with gold, as-deposited diamond and gold-implanted diamond. The electrodes combine the high catalytic activity of gold and the low background current of diamond electrodes. Moreover, the electrodes can overcome the problem of stability as it is found when using other electrodes.
Recycled Catalysis of a Hydrophobic Vitamin B12 in an Ionic Liquid
Authors: Shimakoshi Hisashi , Kudo Sei , Hisaeda Yoshio 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Recycled use of a hydrophobic vitamin B12, heptamethyl cobyrinate perchlorate, in the dechlorination of 1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (DDT) with a visible light irradiation system containing a [Ru(II)(bpy)3]Cl2 photosensitizer was achieved using an ionic liquid as reaction medium.
Synergy Effect of Graphite Silica and TiO2 on Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Ikeda Miyuki , Kusumoto Yoshihumi 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
The photocatalytic production of hydrogen gas from water–methanol mixtures was performed in contact with a suspended mixture of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and graphite silica (GS), one of natural minerals. A drastic synergy effect for hydrogen production was found for GS in collaboration with TiO2. It is suggested that the clay fraction in GS is one of the key components for the synergy effect.
Ion-based Organic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Optical Properties of Pseudoisocyanine Dye Nanoparticles
Authors: Yao Hiroshi , Ou Zhongmin , Kimura Keisaku 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
We demonstrate a simple and versatile method for preparing ion-based organic nanoparticles in aqueous solution. Ion association between a cationic pseudoisocyanine dye and a tetraphenylborate anion in water produced the dye nanoparticles from several tens to hundreds of nanometers. Particle size could be controlled by changing the molar ratio of the loaded anions to the dye cations.
Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in Warthin's tumour
Authors: Loy A H C , Putti T C , Tan L K S 
Published: July 2005

Objectives: To determine whether cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is overexpressed in Warthin's tumours, and to characterize its pattern of expression.Methods: Twenty-one paraffin-embedded Warthin's tumour specimens were analysed by immunohistochemical staining for expression of human COX-2. Semi-quantitative analysis of the staining was performed.Results: In all of the specimens, we found that there was overexpression of COX-2 within the epithelial component of the tumours, with no expression in the lymphoid components. There was also overexpression of COX-2 in the salivary duct system of normal parotid tissue.Conclusions: Our results suggest that COX-2 is up-regulated in the epithelial component of Warthin's tumours. Our findings support the hypothesis that Warthin's tumours originate from heterotopic ductal epithelial cells of the parotid gland. The role of COX-2 expression in the pathogenesis of Warthin's tumours remains to be determined.
Post-operative Herpes simplex virus encephalitis after surgical resection of acoustic neuroma: a case report
Authors: Filipo Roberto , Attanasio Giuseppe , De Seta Elio , Viccaro Marika 
Published: July 2005

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis is a life-threatening consequence of HSV infection of the central nervous system. Although HSV encephalitis is rare, mortality rates reach 70 per cent in the absence of therapy and only a minority of individuals return to normal function. Antiviral therapy is most effective when started early, necessitating prompt diagnosis.A case of atypical HSV encephalitis is reported. The appearance of a strong headache followed by impairment of consciousness and hypertone of arms and legs complicated the post-operative course in a 33-year-old patient who underwent surgical removal of an acoustic neuroma. Several brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography scans performed in the first week after onset of symptoms of infection did not establish a proper diagnosis. Diffusion-weighted MRI detected brain abnormalities on the fourth day after onset of symptoms, and polymerase chain reaction identification of HSV 1 DNA confirmed the diagnosis. A positive prognosis was achieved due to the decision to start specific, high-dose antiviral therapy based on clinical suspicion, before a firm diagnosis was established.
Do English NHS waiting time targets distort treatment priorities in orthopaedic surgery?
Authors: Appleby John , Boyle Seán , Devlin Nancy , Harley Mike , Harrison Anthony , Thorlby Ruth 
Published: July 2005

Objectives: To assess and quantify the impact of guarantees on maximum waiting times on clinical decisions to admit patients from waiting lists for orthopaedic surgery. Methods: Before and after comparative study, analysing changes in waiting times distributions between 1997/8 and 2001/2 for waiting list and booked inpatients and day cases admitted for elective treatments in trauma and orthopaedics in English hospitals. Results: The 2001/2 maximum waiting time target of 15 months did change the pattern of admissions for trauma and orthopaedic elective inpatients, with a net increase in admissions in that year, compared with 1997/8 (and over and above the 30,259 (7.6%) overall increase in all admissions) of patients who had waited around 15 months, of 9333. There was little indication that these additional admissions displaced shorter wait patients. In absolute and proportional terms, admissions increased for all waiting time categories except very short waiters – one to two weeks (an absolute fall of 2901 and a relative fall of 6591), and those waiting 40–41 weeks. The latter fall was only 111 patients in absolute terms (or 577 relative to the expected increase), however. The former much larger reduction may be an indication of clinical distortions, but it is unclear why very short wait (presumably more urgent) patients should disproportionately suffer compared with longer wait (presumably less urgent) cases. In addition, there was little indication that more minor cases usurped more major cases: 57% of the increase consisted of knee and hip replacement procedures, for example. Conclusions: While the 2001/2 waiting times target demonstrably changed admission patterns (and was a major contribution to the reduction in long waits), the extent to which this represented significant and clinically relevant distortions is questionable given the lack of widely accepted admission criteria. However, as targets become progressively tougher, there is a need to monitor consultants' concerns more closely.
An economic analysis of implementing the SIGN third molar guideline: implications for the design and analysis of implementation studies
Authors: Tilley Colin , McIntosh Emma , Bahrami Maryam , Clarkson Jan , Deery Chris , Pitts Nigel 
Published: July 2005

Objectives: To compare the cost-effectiveness of four third molar guideline implementation strategies. Methods: Fifty-one dental practices in Scotland were randomized to one of four implementation strategies. The effectiveness of the strategies was measured by general dental practitioners' compliance with the guideline. Results: The effectiveness of the guideline depended crucially upon the type of patient treated. In particular, for a minority of patients (14%) with no clinical signals of their 'type', the implementation strategies generate potentially large gains in evidence-based practice. However, the cost per patient of achieving these gains is large given that the costs are incurred for all patients, but benefits accrue only to a minority. Discussion: The results show that the type of patient presenting for treatment can influence the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and therefore policy conclusions. Consequently, the design and analysis of studies need to be sufficiently sensitive to detect subtle interaction effects. This may explain the dearth of guideline implementation trials with significant findings. The results also suggest that a more cost-effective implementation method in primary care dentistry may be to subsidize treatment conditional upon patient type.