bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polarization insensitive passive loaded wideband metamaterial absorber
Authors: Naik K. H. Murali , Singh Amit K. , Rama Krishna D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a lightweight frequency selective surface polarization-insensitive wideband metamaterial absorber in C band and X band that employs only a few resistive elements. The proposed absorber is embodied with four quadrature slotted inner circular patch, which is horizontally and vertically bisected, and outer concentric copper rings of 0.035 mm thickness are attached with four lumped resistors placed at 90° apart. A slotted inner circular patch provides significant inductive and capacitive loading. The absorption bandwidth of 8.02 GHz with more than 90% absorption is observed from 5.69 to 13.71 GHz under normal incidence and maintains almost same absorptivity range under oblique incidence up to 45° in both transverse electric mode and transverse magnetic mode. The designed metamaterial absorber is fabricated and measured using free space measurement technique. The actual experiments and the simulated ones are in good agreement.
Maternal prenatal and postnatal psychological distress trajectories and impact on cognitive development in 4-year-old children: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Nishigori Hidekazu , Nishigori Toshie , Suzuki Taeko , Mori Miyuki , Yamada Mika , Isogami Hirotaka , Murata Tsuyoshi , Kyozuka Hyo , Ogata Yuka , Sato Akiko , Metoki Hirohito , Shinoki Kosei , Yasumura Seiji , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Hashimoto Koichi , Fujimori Keiya ,   the Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group
Published: February 2024

AbstractMaternal prenatal and postnatal psychological distress, including depression and anxiety, may affect children’s cognitive development. However, the findings have been inconsistent. We aimed to use the dataset from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, a nationwide prospective birth cohort study, to examine this association. We evaluated the relationship between the maternal six-item version of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) scores and cognitive development among children aged 4 years. K6 was administered twice during pregnancy (M-T1; first half of pregnancy, M-T2; second half of pregnancy) and 1 year postpartum (C-1y). Cognitive development was assessed by trained testers, using the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development 2001. Multiple regression analysis was performed with the group with a K6 score ≤ 4 for both M-T1 and M-T2 and C-1y as a reference. Records from 1,630 boys and 1,657 girls were analyzed. In the group with K6 scores ≥ 5 in both M-T1 and M-T2 and C-1Y groups, boys had significantly lower developmental quotients (DQ) in the language-social developmental (L-S) area (partial regression coefficient: −4.09, 95% confidence interval: −6.88 – −1.31), while girls did not differ significantly in DQ for the L-S area. Among boys and girls, those with K6 scores ≤ 4 at any one or two periods during M-T1, M-T2, or C-1y did not have significantly lower DQ for the L-S area. Persistent maternal psychological distress from the first half of pregnancy to 1 year postpartum had a disadvantageous association with verbal cognitive development in boys, but not in girls aged 4 years.
Southern Ocean High‐Resolution (SOhi) Modeling Along the Antarctic Ice Sheet Periphery
Authors: Dinh Andy , Rignot Eric , Mazloff Matthew , Fenty Ian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Southern Ocean plays a major role in controlling the evolution of Antarctic glaciers and in turn their impact on sea level rise. We present the Southern Ocean high‐resolution (SOhi) simulation of the MITgcm ocean model to reproduce ice‐ocean interaction at 1/24° around Antarctica, including all ice shelf cavities and oceanic tides. We evaluate the model accuracy on the continental shelf using Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole data and compare the results with three other MITgcm ocean models (ECCO4, SOSE, and LLC4320) and the ISMIP6 temperature reconstruction. Below 400 m, all the models exhibit a warm bias on the continental shelf, but the bias is reduced in the high‐resolution simulations. We hypothesize some of the bias is due to an overestimation of sea ice cover, which reduces heat loss to the atmosphere. Both high‐resolution and accurate bathymetry are required to improve model accuracy around Antarctica.
Dayside Pc2 Waves Associated With Flux Transfer Events in a 3D Hybrid‐Vlasov Simulation
Authors: Tesema F. , Palmroth M. , Turc L. , Zhou H. , Cozzani G. , Alho M. , Pfau‐Kempf Y. , Horaites K. , Zaitsev I. , Grandin M. , Battarbee M. , Ganse U. , Workayehu A. , Suni J. , Papadakis K. , Dubart M. , Tarvus V. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFlux transfer events (FTEs) are transient magnetic flux ropes at Earth's dayside magnetopause formed due to magnetic reconnection. As they move across the magnetopause surface, they can generate disturbances in the ultralow frequency (ULF) range, which then propagate into the magnetosphere. This study provides evidence of ULF waves in the Pc2 wave frequency range (>0.1 Hz) caused by FTEs during dayside reconnection using a global 3D hybrid‐Vlasov simulation (Vlasiator). These waves resulted from FTE formation and propagation at the magnetopause are particularly associated with large, rapidly moving FTEs. The wave power is stronger in the morning than afternoon, showing local time asymmetry. In the pre and postnoon equatorial regions, significant poloidal and toroidal components are present alongside the compressional component. The noon sector, with fewer FTEs, has lower wave power and limited magnetospheric propagation.
The Impact of the South Atlantic Anomaly on the Aurora System
Authors: Liu Z.‐Y. , Zong Q.‐G. , Li L. , Feng Z.‐J. , Sun Y.‐X. , Yu X.‐Q. , Wang Y.‐F. , Liu J.‐J. , Hu Z.‐J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) refers to a region where the strength of the magnetic field is notably weaker compared to a dipole field. While previous studies have primarily focused on its effects on the inner radiation belt, this study investigates its impact on the aurora system. By analyzing 2 years' worth of data obtained by the Fengyun‐3E/ACMag instrument, we discover that magnetic fluctuations within the auroral oval are significantly weaker in the longitude sector corresponding to the SAA, as compared to those outside this area. This characteristic remains permanent and independent of seasons and geomagnetic activities. Additional investigation using Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager (DMSP/SSUSI) observations reveals a similar phenomenon in the auroral intensity. Therefore, our results demonstrate that the SAA substantially weakens the aurora system, shedding new light on the effects of magnetic anomalies on planetary auroras and magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere coupling.
Earth's “Missing” Chlorine May Be in the Core
Authors: Yuan Liang , Steinle‐Neumann Gerd 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe budget of volatile halogens in the bulk silicate Earth, fluorine and chlorine, differs distinctly from that of chondritic meteorites. Arguably, the bulk silicate Earth shows a low abundance of Cl, while the F budget is in line with the expected volatility trend. One hypothesis for the missing Cl is its sequestration into Earth's core during planetary segregation, but experimental data on partitioning between silicate and metallic melts are limited in pressure and remain inconclusive. Here we use computational quantum mechanical methods to study F and Cl geochemistry during core–mantle differentiation over a wide pressure and temperature range. Our calculations reveal that with increasing pressure and temperature, chlorine shows an enhanced affinity for iron metal. The Cl metal–silicate partition coefficient increase from −1.89 ± 0.84 at 10 GPa and 3000 K to 1.62 ± 0.80 at 130 GPa and 5000 K, while corresponding calculations for F show minimal variations in metal–silicate partitioning across the pressure–temperature conditions investigated, yielding values between −3.61 ± 0.81 and −3.37 ± 0.80. The shift in shows a transition from lithophile to siderophile behavior. Further calculations on isotopic partitioning show negligible fractionation of Cl isotopes (37Cl/35Cl) between the mantle and core. Our results suggest that metallic iron within Earth's mantle and core may serve as an important Cl reservoir, potentially accounting for up to 40% of Earth's overall Cl inventory.
Fate of an Earth‐Like Water Inventory on Mars
Authors: Jakosky Bruce M. , Hallis Lydia J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe have determined the global inventory of surface and near‐surface water on Mars by tracking the amounts of water lost to each of the significant sinks for water. The sinks include loss to space, formation of hydrated minerals, possible remnants of an ancient ocean, water present within the crust, and the present‐day polar caps and near‐surface ice deposits; we utilize both previous analyses and new analyses of the amount of water in the sinks. Summed up, they total 380–970 m H2O (as a global equivalent layer), and possibly up to 685–1,970 m if possible crustal liquid water or ice is included. For comparison, the Earth's surface and near‐surface inventory, scaled to Mars, would be 1,400 m. This value for an Earth‐like Mars falls within the range of possible values for Mars, suggesting that Mars had a similar surface inventory of surface and near‐surface water. This abundance of water on early Mars is able to produce the observed water‐related geological features and suggests the presence of an early habitable environment capable of supporting life.
Cell type-specific expression, regulation and compensation of CDKL5 activity in mouse brain
Authors: Silvestre Margaux , Dempster Kelvin , Mihaylov Simeon R. , Claxton Suzanne , Ultanir Sila K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCDKL5 is a brain-enriched serine/threonine kinase, associated with a profound developmental and epileptic encephalopathy called CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD). To design targeted therapies for CDD, it is essential to determine where CDKL5 is expressed and is active in the brain and test if compensatory mechanisms exist at cellular level. We generated conditional Cdkl5 knockout mice in excitatory neurons, inhibitory neurons and astrocytes. To assess CDKL5 activity, we utilized a phosphospecific antibody for phosphorylated EB2, a well-known substrate of CDKL5. We found that CDKL5 and EB2 pS222 were prominent in excitatory and inhibitory neurons but were not detected in astrocytes. We observed that approximately 15–20% of EB2 pS222 remained in Cdkl5 knockout brains and primary neurons. Surprisingly, the remaining phosphorylation was modulated by NMDA and PP1/PP2A in neuronal CDKL5 knockout cultures, indicating the presence of a compensating kinase. Using a screen of candidate kinases with highest homology to the CDKL5 kinase domain, we found that CDKL2 and ICK can phosphorylate EB2 S222 in HEK293T cells and in primary neurons. We then generated Cdkl5/Cdkl2 dual knockout mice to directly test if CDKL2 phosphorylates EB2 in vivo and found that CDKL2 phosphorylates CDKL5 substrates in the brain. This study is the first indication that CDKL2 could potentially replace CDKL5 functions in the brain, alluding to novel therapeutic possibilities.
Enhancing osteoporosis treatment with engineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: mechanisms and advances
Authors: Chen Yiman , Huang Yuling , Li Jia , Jiao Taiwei , Yang Lina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs societal aging intensifies, the incidence of osteoporosis (OP) continually rises. OP is a skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone mass, deteriorated bone tissue microstructure, and consequently increased bone fragility and fracture susceptibility, typically evaluated using bone mineral density (BMD) and T-score. Not only does OP diminish patients’ quality of life, but it also imposes a substantial economic burden on society. Conventional pharmacological treatments yield limited efficacy and severe adverse reactions. In contemporary academic discourse, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have surfaced as auspicious novel therapeutic modalities for OP. EVs can convey information through the cargo they carry and have been demonstrated to be a crucial medium for intercellular communication, playing a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of the bone microenvironment. Furthermore, various research findings provide evidence that engineered strategies can enhance the therapeutic effects of EVs in OP treatment. While numerous reviews have explored the progress and potential of EVs in treating degenerative bone diseases, research on using EVs to address OP remains in the early stages of basic experimentation. This paper reviews advancements in utilizing MSCs and their derived EVs for OP treatment. It systematically examines the most extensively researched MSC-derived EVs for treating OP, delving not only into the molecular mechanisms of EV-based OP therapy but also conducting a comparative analysis of the strengths and limitations of EVs sourced from various cell origins. Additionally, the paper emphasizes the technical and engineering strategies necessary for leveraging EVs in OP treatment, offering insights and recommendations for future research endeavors.
Parallel developmental changes in children’s production and recognition of line drawings of visual concepts
Authors: Long Bria , Fan Judith E. , Huey Holly , Chai Zixian , Frank Michael C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChildhood is marked by the rapid accumulation of knowledge and the prolific production of drawings. We conducted a systematic study of how children create and recognize line drawings of visual concepts. We recruited 2-10-year-olds to draw 48 categories via a kiosk at a children’s museum, resulting in >37K drawings. We analyze changes in the category-diagnostic information in these drawings using vision algorithms and annotations of object parts. We find developmental gains in children’s inclusion of category-diagnostic information that are not reducible to variation in visuomotor control or effort. Moreover, even unrecognizable drawings contain information about the animacy and size of the category children tried to draw. Using guessing games at the same kiosk, we find that children improve across childhood at recognizing each other’s line drawings. This work leverages vision algorithms to characterize developmental changes in children’s drawings and suggests that these changes reflect refinements in children’s internal representations.
Compromised transcription-mRNA export factor THOC2 causes R-loop accumulation, DNA damage and adverse neurodevelopment
Authors: Bhattacharjee Rudrarup , Jolly Lachlan A. , Corbett Mark A. , Wee Ing Chee , Rao Sushma R. , Gardner Alison E. , Ritchie Tarin , van Hugte Eline J. H. , Ciptasari Ummi , Piltz Sandra , Noll Jacqueline E. , Nazri Nazzmer , van Eyk Clare L. , White Melissa , Fornarino Dani , Poulton Cathryn , Baynam Gareth , Collins-Praino Lyndsey E. , Snel Marten F. , Nadif Kasri Nael , Hemsley Kim M. , Thomas Paul Q. , Kumar Raman , Gecz Jozef 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe implicated the X-chromosome THOC2 gene, which encodes the largest subunit of the highly-conserved TREX (Transcription-Export) complex, in a clinically complex neurodevelopmental disorder with intellectual disability as the core phenotype. To study the molecular pathology of this essential eukaryotic gene, we generated a mouse model based on a hypomorphic Thoc2 exon 37–38 deletion variant of a patient with ID, speech delay, hypotonia, and microcephaly. The Thoc2 exon 37–38 deletion male (Thoc2Δ/Y) mice recapitulate the core phenotypes of THOC2 syndrome including smaller size and weight, and significant deficits in spatial learning, working memory and sensorimotor functions. The Thoc2Δ/Y mouse brain development is significantly impacted by compromised THOC2/TREX function resulting in R-loop accumulation, DNA damage and consequent cell death. Overall, we suggest that perturbed R-loop homeostasis, in stem cells and/or differentiated cells in mice and the patient, and DNA damage-associated functional alterations are at the root of THOC2 syndrome.
UPP1 promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression through the induction of an immunosuppressive microenvironment
Authors: Li Yin , Jiang Manling , Aye Ling , Luo Li , Zhang Yong , Xu Fengkai , Wei Yongqi , Peng Dan , He Xiang , Gu Jie , Yu Xiaofang , Li Guoping , Ge Di , Lu Chunlai 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a crucial factor in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression. To gain deeper insights into molecular mechanisms of LUAD, we perform an integrative single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data analysis of 377,574 cells from 117 LUAD patient samples. By linking scRNA-seq data with bulk gene expression data, we identify a cluster of prognostic-related UPP1high tumor cells. These cells, primarily situated at the invasive front of tumors, display a stronger association with the immunosuppressive components in the TME. Our cytokine array analysis reveals that the upregulation of UPP1 in tumor cells leads to the increased release of various immunosuppressive cytokines, with TGF-β1 being particularly prominent. Furthermore, this UPP1 upregulation also elevates the expression of PD-L1 through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which contributes to the suppression of CD8 + T cells. Cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) analysis provides additional evidence of the role of UPP1 in shaping the immunosuppressive nature of the TME. Using patient-derived organoids (PDOs), we discover that UPP1high tumors exhibit relatively increased sensitivity to Bosutinib and Dasatinib. Collectively, our study highlights the immunosuppressive role of UPP1 in LUAD, and these findings may provide insights into the molecular features of LUAD and facilitate the development of personalized treatment strategies.
Unraveling the role of the mitochondrial one-carbon pathway in undifferentiated thyroid cancer by multi-omics analyses
Authors: Lee Seong Eun , Park Seongyeol , Yi Shinae , Choi Na Rae , Lim Mi Ae , Chang Jae Won , Won Ho-Ryun , Kim Je Ryong , Ko Hye Mi , Chung Eun-Jae , Park Young Joo , Cho Sun Wook , Yu Hyeong Won , Choi June Young , Yeo Min-Kyung , Yi Boram , Yi Kijong , Lim Joonoh , Koh Jun-Young , Lee Min Jeong , Heo Jun Young , Yoon Sang Jun , Kwon Sung Won , Park Jong-Lyul , Chu In Sun , Kim Jin Man , Kim Seon-Young , Shan Yujuan , Liu Lihua , Hong Sung-A , Choi Dong Wook , Park Junyoung O. , Ju Young Seok , Shong Minho , Kim Seon-Kyu , Koo Bon Seok , Kang Yea Eun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe role of the serine/glycine metabolic pathway (SGP) has recently been demonstrated in tumors; however, the pathological relevance of the SGP in thyroid cancer remains unexplored. Here, we perform metabolomic profiling of 17 tumor-normal pairs; bulk transcriptomics of 263 normal thyroid, 348 papillary, and 21 undifferentiated thyroid cancer samples; and single-cell transcriptomes from 15 cases, showing the impact of mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism in thyroid tumors. High expression of serine hydroxymethyltransferase-2 (SHMT2) and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) is associated with low thyroid differentiation scores and poor clinical features. A subpopulation of tumor cells with high mitochondrial one-carbon pathway activity is observed in the single-cell dataset. SHMT2 inhibition significantly compromises mitochondrial respiration and decreases cell proliferation and tumor size in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our results highlight the importance of the mitochondrial one-carbon pathway in undifferentiated thyroid cancer and suggest that SHMT2 is a potent therapeutic target.
Therapeutic mitigation of measles-like immune amnesia and exacerbated disease after prior respiratory virus infections in ferrets
Authors: Cox Robert M. , Wolf Josef D. , Lieberman Nicole A. , Lieber Carolin M. , Kang Hae-Ji , Sticher Zachary M. , Yoon Jeong-Joong , Andrews Meghan K. , Govindarajan Mugunthan , Krueger Rebecca E. , Sobolik Elizabeth B. , Natchus Michael G. , Gewirtz Andrew T. , deSwart Rik L. , Kolykhalov Alexander A. , Hekmatyar Khan , Sakamoto Kaori , Greninger Alexander L. , Plemper Richard K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMeasles cases have surged pre-COVID-19 and the pandemic has aggravated the problem. Most measles-associated morbidity and mortality arises from destruction of pre-existing immune memory by measles virus (MeV), a paramyxovirus of the morbillivirus genus. Therapeutic measles vaccination lacks efficacy, but little is known about preserving immune memory through antivirals and the effect of respiratory disease history on measles severity. We use a canine distemper virus (CDV)-ferret model as surrogate for measles and employ an orally efficacious paramyxovirus polymerase inhibitor to address these questions. A receptor tropism-intact recombinant CDV with low lethality reveals an 8-day advantage of antiviral treatment versus therapeutic vaccination in maintaining immune memory. Infection of female ferrets with influenza A virus (IAV) A/CA/07/2009 (H1N1) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) four weeks pre-CDV causes fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia with lung onslaught by commensal bacteria. RNAseq identifies CDV-induced overexpression of trefoil factor (TFF) peptides in the respiratory tract, which is absent in animals pre-infected with IAV. Severe outcomes of consecutive IAV/CDV infections are mitigated by oral antivirals even when initiated late. These findings validate the morbillivirus immune amnesia hypothesis, define measles treatment paradigms, and identify priming of the TFF axis through prior respiratory infections as risk factor for exacerbated morbillivirus disease.
Disease clusters subsequent to anxiety and stress-related disorders and their genetic determinants
Authors: Han Xin , Shen Qing , Hou Can , Yang Huazhen , Chen Wenwen , Zeng Yu , Qu Yuanyuan , Suo Chen , Ye Weimin , Fang Fang , Valdimarsdóttir Unnur A. , Song Huan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAnxiety/stress-related disorders have been associated with multiple diseases, whereas a comprehensive assessment of the structure and interplay of subsequent associated diseases and their genetic underpinnings is lacking. Here, we first identify 136, out of 454 tested, medical conditions associated with incident anxiety/stress-related disorders attended in specialized care using a population-based cohort from the nationwide Swedish Patient Register, comprising 70,026 patients with anxiety/stress-related disorders and 1:10 birth year- and sex-matched unaffected individuals. By combining findings from the comorbidity network and disease trajectory analyses, we identify five robust disease clusters to be associated with a prior diagnosis of anxiety/stress-related disorders, featured by predominance of psychiatric disorders, eye diseases, ear diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and skin and genitourinary diseases. These five clusters and their featured diseases are largely validated in the UK Biobank. GWAS analyses based on the UK Biobank identify 3, 33, 40, 4, and 16 significantly independent single nucleotide polymorphisms for the link to the five disease clusters, respectively, which are mapped to several distinct risk genes and biological pathways. These findings motivate further mechanistic explorations and aid early risk assessment for cluster-based disease prevention among patients with newly diagnosed anxiety/stress-related disorders in specialized care.