bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Snack Choice on Pre‐Meal Hunger and Post‐Meal Satiety in College Freshmen
Authors: Eastep Ashley C , Kern Shelby E , Schmitz Sophie A , Sebranek Phoebe L , Hoppe Megan B , Scott Hattie J , Horwath Irina E , Wilson Ted 
Published: November 2023

Post adolescent weight gain is a concern among college freshman, especially those enrolled in cafeteria meal plans. Snack consumption prior to a meal could alter feeding behavior during the meal. Healthy college students (n=57; 18.3 ± 0.05 years old) received one of three treatments 60 minutes before choosing and eating a cafeteria dinner meal: no snack (NS; control), 190 Cal of gummi bear candy (GB) or a 190 Cal of California walnuts(CW) 60 minutes prior to dinner in single cross‐over fashion on 3 of 5 semi‐consecutive nights. Hunger, fullness, desire to eat, and future eating plans were evaluated using a survey consisting of a visual analog scale 0 (low)‐10 cm (high) immediately before choosing their cafeteria meal (PRE) and immediately after meal ingestion (POST). Data expressed as mean ± SEM with statistical significance between treatments and parameters indicated by different letters (A or B). Desire to eat PRE for NS, GB, CW was 7.8 ± 0.3, 6.7 ± 0.3, and 6.5 ± 0.3, and desire to eat POST for NS, GB, CW was 0.9 ± 0.2, 0.8 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.3, with no significant differences within PRE or POST. Desire to eat PRE‐POST difference was significant for NS (A), GB (B), CW(B). Hunger PRE for NS, GB, CW was 7.5 ± 0.3, 6.5 ± 0.3, and 6.7 ± 0.3, and hunger POST for NS, GB, CW was 1.2 ± 0.3, 0.9 ± 0.2, and 0.8 ± 0.2, with no significant differences within PRE or POST. Fullness PRE for NS, GB, CW was 1.4 ± 0.3, 2.4 ± 0.3, and 2.2 ± 0.2, and fullness POST for NS, GB, CW was 7.9 ± 0.3, 8.3 ± 0.2, and 0.8 ± 0.2, with no significant differences within PRE or POST. Future eating plans PRE for NS, GB, CW was 6.8 ± 0.3, 6.4 ± 0.3, and 1.7 ± 0.2, and future eating plans POST for NS, GB, CW was 0.6 ± 0.1, 1.0 ± 0.2, and 0.7 ± 0.2, with no significant differences within PRE or POST. In conclusion snack choice does not appear to greatly influence feelings of a desire to eat, hunger, fullness, or future eating plans before or after a cafeteria dinner. Future studies may wish to complete the study on three consecutive days.Support or Funding InformationSupported by California Walnut Commission
New insights into the Mayer Hypothesis derived from a dynamic energy balance model
Authors: Thomas Diana , Starner John , Vaidya Ashwin , Silva Analiza , Heymsfield S B , Allison David B 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundIn 1956 Jean Mayer and his colleagues proposed a provocative relationship between energy intake (EI), body weight and physical activity (PA) by examining the intake of over 200 sedentary to highly active individuals in West Bengal, India. The investigators found that high levels of EI were associated with high levels of PA. Surprisingly, sedentary individuals were also associated with high EI, resulting in a hyperbolic shaped curve of EI versus PA referred to as the Mayer curve or Mayer hypothesis. Challenges arising from objectively measuring EI and PA in free living humans have made experimentally testing the Mayer hypothesis difficult.MethodsA mathematical relationship between EI and PA levels (PAL) was derived from a newly formulated one parameter (α) dynamic energy balance equation. To test the validity of the lower end of the Mayer curve, the relationship between the parameter α and PAL was analyzed in subjects having Class 1, 2, and 3 obesity from the Institute of Medicine doubly‐labeled water (DLW) database (N=133, BMI=34.9±5.6 kg/m2). Similarly, the relationship between EI calculated by summing changed body energy stores with DLW measured energy expenditures versus PAL in elite athletes were applied to test the validity of the higher end of the Mayer curve (N=60, 21.7±2.0).ResultsThe steady state formulation from the model yielded the algebraic relationship, EI α×PAL×Weight confirming EI was an increasing function of higher values of PAL as hypothesized on the right side portion of the Mayer curve. The theoretical finding was confirmed in the elite athlete database (EI=39.5PAL+1057.6 kcal/d, R2=0.2). On the other hand, the steady state model did not yield the Mayer curve for lower PAL values unless the parameter, α, was inversely proportional to PAL. The inverse proportionality between α and PAL was nearly statistically significant in Institute of Medicine database.ConclusionsThe Mayer hypothesis is theoretically and experimentally validated in individuals with higher PAL. There is some evidence that certain subpopulations of sedentary individuals may be reflected in the Mayer curve, however, additional data needs to be analyzed to determine which subpopulations follow the Mayer curve and which deviate from the Mayer curve.
BMI and Body Fat Mass Are Differentially Associated with fMRI Food‐cue Reactivity in Individuals with Obesity
Authors: Quarles William R , Kahathuduwa Chanaka Nadeeshan , Davis Tyler , O'Boyle Michael , Binks Martin 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundBody Mass Index (BMI) is commonly used to categorize obesity in fMRI research. However, BMI fails to fully account for variability of body composition among individuals (e.g. body fat mass; BFM). Given that adipose tissue produces several hormones received by the brain to affect ingestive behavior, it is important to understand how BMI and BFM may be differentially associated with food‐cue reactivity in the brain.ObjectiveTo examine the association between both BMI and BFM with brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) food‐cue reactivity (FCR).MethodsBaseline data of 32 subjects (age 19–65 yrs.; BMI 30–39.9kg/m2) was used from a larger study. BMI was calculated from measured height and weight and BFM was measured using bio‐electrical impedance. During the fMRI scan, subjects were shown 240 images (120 food and 120 objects) in an event‐related paradigm. Using the median BMI and BFM as the cut score, subjects were categorized into 2 groups (high and low), for both BMI and BFM. FMRI analyses were conducted on 3 levels in FSL to compare FCR: high BMI vs. low BMI and high BFM vs. low BFM.ResultsFMRI analysis revealed increased FCR in the high BMI compared to low BMI group in the bi‐lateral insular cortices. Increased FCR was seen in high BFM compared to low BFM group in the bilateral precuneus, left angular gyrus, left supramarginal gyrus, right orbitofrontal cortex, right nucleus accumbens, and the right temporal pole.ConclusionFCR was greater in both high BMI and high BFM groups compared with low BMI and low BFM groups. However the brain regions involved were different in each. These differences in FCR between BMI and BFM suggest a lack of concordance among these methods for delineating degree of obesity that may influence interpretation of fMRI FCR data. Given that BFM is more closely aligned physiologically with ingestion, it may be prudent to use BFM, not BMI, in fMRI FCR studies of obesity and ingestive behavior.Support or Funding InformationFunding: Nestle Health Science.
Daily walnut consumption effects lipid profile and body protein in Korean subjects with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Song Eun‐Kyung , Park Hyunjin , Liu Yanan , Kim Hyun‐Sook 
Published: November 2023

The objective of current study was to assess the gender differences on the lipid profiles, apoprotein B, and body composition among the subjects with metabolic syndrome after daily walnut intake (45 g) for 16 weeks. 89 participants (44 men, 40±6.2yr) with metabolic syndrome were screened if they meet at least three metabolic syndrome components out of five diagnosis criteria (i.e., waist circumstance ≥90cm for men and ≥85cm for women, blood pressure 130/85mmHg or higher, HDL‐cholesterol ≤40mg/dL for men and ≤50mg/dL for women, triglyceride level ≥150mg/dL, and fasting blood glucose ≥100mg/dL). Blood lipid profiles (consisting of triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL‐cholesterol, and LDL‐cholesterol), apoprotein B, fasting blood sugar, anthropometric measurement, bioimpedance analysis, and blood pressure were measured at baseline and week 16. The significance of the differences between baseline and week 16 were analyzed using the paired t‐test or Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, as appropriate (p<0.05). Body protein of male and all subjects at week 16 was significantly higher compared to the baseline (p=0.026, p=0.039, respectively), whereas no significance among female subjects (p=0.876). Male showed significantly increased basal metabolic rate at week 16 (p=0.017), but not significant among female subjects (p=0.581) and all subjects (p=0.12). Waist circumstance among female and all subjects were significantly lower compared to baseline (p=0.036 and 0.026, respectively), and marginally significant among male subjects (p=0.050). LDL‐cholesterol and total cholesterol levels were significantly decreased among male subjects (p=0.011 and 0.003, respectively), whereas those among female subjects were not significantly different (p=0.307, and 0.072, respectively). Triglyceride level was significantly decreased among female subjects compared with baseline (p=0.007) by Wilcoxon test. The positive change of apoprotein B among male and all subjects were significant compared with the baseline (p=0.001 and 0.003, respectively), whereas those among female subjects were not significant (p=0.282). The results suggest that daily walnut consumption for 16 weeks may increase body protein and basal metabolic rate, and decrease the levels of LDL‐cholesterol, cholesterol and apoprotein B among male subjects with metabolic syndrome. Also, daily walnut intake may decrease waist circumstance and triglyceride level among female subjects with metabolic syndrome.IRB(SMWU‐1508‐BR‐051‐01)Support or Funding InformationCalifornia Walnut Commission
Deficiency of β, β‐Carotene‐9′, 10′‐Oxygenase 2 Links to Systemic Inflammation, Dyslipidemia and Glucose Intolerance
Authors: Wu Lei , Guo Xin , Lyu Yi , Clarke Stephen L. , Lucas Edralin A. , Smith Brenda J. , Wang Weiqun , Medeiros Denis M. , Shen Xinchun , Lin Dingbo 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThe β,β‐carotene‐9′,10′‐oxygenase2 (BCO2) is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein broadly presented in mammals. It was initially discovered as an enzyme that catalyzes the asymmetric cleavage of carotenoids. Recently we have found that BCO2 knockout (KO) mice are more prone to obesity and diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which BCO2 regulates lipid and glucose metabolism in human primary hepatocytes in culture and in BCO2 KO mice.MethodsHuman primary hepatocytes, HepG2 cells, and BCO2 knockout mice were used as experimental models. Quantitative real time PCR and Western blot were used for gene expression analysis. Untargeted metabolomics, the tolerance tests of glucose, insulin and pyruvate, and blood metabolic profiling were also performed.ResultsThe results showed the declined expression of BCO2 protein in primary hepatocyte cultures exposed to high palmitate and/or glucose challenges. BCO2 protein expression was significantly suppressed in HepG2 cells, compared to the human primary hepatocytes. Over‐expression of human BCO2 attenuated lipid accumulation and intracellular oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Deficiency of BCO2 caused higher mitochondrial respiratory activities, mitochondrial stress, systemic inflammation, elevation of non‐esterified fatty acids and fasting blood glucose, and glucose intolerance in young adult mice. Moreover, depletion of BCO2 resulted in enhanced de novo lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis, and accumulation of diacylglycerol in the liver tissues. However, the whole body fat content and the uptake of circulating lipids and glucose by muscles and/or white adipose tissues were not changed or even decreased in KO mice.ConclusionsCollectively, the functional and metabolic data suggested that BCO2 contributes to normal mitochondrial function. Loss of BCO2 leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and subsequent metabolic disorders in mice.
Daily Walnut Consumption Improves Metabolic Syndrome Status in Korean Adults
Authors: Park Hyunjin , Song Eunkyung , Liu Yanan , Song Yeonju , Hwang Hyojung , Kim Hyun‐Sook 
Published: November 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of daily walnut intake on changes of metabolic syndrome components. It is 38 weeks long cross‐over study with 16 weeks of interventions (45g of walnuts and iso‐caloric white bread) and 6 weeks of wash‐out period in between. 71 Korean adults with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned one of two sequences: (1) walnut‐control sequence (WCS) and (2) control‐walnut sequence (CWS). At each visit (at 0, 16, 22, and 38 weeks), along with five components of metabolic syndrome (waist circumference, blood pressure, levels of HDL‐C, triglycerides, and fasting blood glucose), the participants' anthropometric and bioimpedance analysis measurement, HbA1c, CRP, serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL‐C were measured. Changes from baseline to each visit were determined by using paired t‐test. The mean age was 39.2 years old and 46.5% (n=33) of the participants were women. 47 subjects out of 71 had three metabolic syndrome components, 20 subjects had four, and four subjects had five at baseline. After 16 weeks of walnut consumption, one subject had no risk factors, four subjects had only one metabolic syndrome component, and 19 subjects had two, thus 24 subjects (33%) were reversed back to normal status from metabolic syndrome after walnut consumption. Additional eight subjects also showed decrease of number of metabolic syndrome components compared to baseline (i.e., five components at baseline to three or four after walnut consumption) even though they were still categorized having metabolic syndrome. For each metabolic syndrome component, fasting blood glucose level was decreased after walnut consumption compared to control bread intake (p=0.0001). Subjects in WCS group particularly showed significantly lower fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels after walnut consumption compared to control bread intake. Participants in CWS group, however showed increment in basal metabolic rate, fat free mass and body protein and reduction of body mass index and body fat percentages after walnut consumption compared to control bread intake. The results suggest that daily walnut consumption for 16 weeks may improve metabolic syndrome status and affect bioimpedance analysis parameters as well.IRB: SMWU‐1508‐BR‐051Support or Funding InformationGrant Funding Source: California Walnut Commission
Antidiabetic Effects of Water Extract and Fraction of Mori cortex
Authors: Kim Kyoung Kon , Choe Myeon 
Published: November 2023

Previous studies have shown that treatment with Mori cortex extract (MCE) produces antidiabetic effects due to α‐glucosidase inhibition. In this study, we examined the Water Extract and Fraction these antidiabetic effects by glucose uptake, GK activity, PDH activity in HepG2 cells cultured with MCE.The present study verified the antidiabetic effects of water extract and fraction of Mori cortex and confirmed glucose uptake, glucokinase (GK) activity, and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity within the concentration range that does not exhibit cytotoxicity. The experimental results confirmed that no toxicity was shown up to the concentration of 1 mg/mL and glucose uptake was increased up to 125.6 %. It was also confirmed that GK activity was 96.6 % and PDH activity was increased to 123.3 %. As for fractions, it was confirmed that glucose uptake and GK, PDH activity was shown in fraction number 3.
Effect of carbohydrate plus branched‐chain amino acids supplementation on hormonal and inflammatory responses during normobaric hypoxic exercise
Authors: Yang Yan‐Ting , Chen Ching‐Han , Wu Chia‐Ying , Chen Chung‐Yu , Chou Chun‐Chung , Bernard Jeffrey R. , Liao Yi‐Hung 
Published: November 2023

PurposeProvision of carbohydrate (CHO) and branched‐chain amino acids (BCAA) have been both reported to enhance exercise performance and endurance. However, it is still little known whether the combination of CHO and BCAA on the hormonal and immune cell responses to prolonged exercise under hypoxic environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of CHO plus BCAA supplementation on hormonal changes and immune cell responses during exercise under normobaric hypoxic condition.MethodsUsing a double‐blind and crossover design, 8 healthy males (22.0 ± 0.5 yr, VO2max = 50.0 ± 1.8 ml·kg–1·min–1, maximal power [Wmax] = 248.0 ± 5.4) were assigned to two trials in randomized orders, including carbohydrate (CHO) and carbohydrate plus BCAA (CHO/BCAA). Participants rested in hypoxic chamber (13.5% O2) for 30 minutes, and then conducted a 50 min moderate‐intensity cycling exercise (5 min warm‐up, 65% Wmax) in the chamber. Heart rate (HR) and oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) were measured every 10 min during exercise. Venous blood samples were collected at baseline, 30 min rest under hypoxia, every 15 min during exercise, and immediately after exercise for the measurements of blood leukocyte subpopulations, blood glucose/lactate, insulin, and cortisol. The two‐way ANOVA with repeated measure was used to compare the differences for all measurements.ResultsHR and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) began to show a significant increase at 15 min of exercise until the end, and SpO2 started to decrease at 30 min of exercise until the end. However, there were no differences between CHO and CHO/BCAA trails. The blood glucose concentrations did not differ between trails throughout the exercise period. When exercising under hypoxic condition, the blood lactate showed significant increase at 15 min after exercise until the end of exercise (rest: 0.98 mM; end of Ex: 7.6–7.8 mM; p<0.05), but no difference existed between trails. Cortisol but not insulin had significantly increase immediately after exercise (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed on these two hormones during exercise between two trials. Among leukocyte subpopulations, only total white blood cells counts showed significantly increase at 15 min after exercise, whereas no significant differences in these hematological parameters (i.e. white blood cell, neutrophils, lymphocyte, and monocyte) during exercise between these two trials.ConclusionsThis investigation demonstrates that despite increases in HR, RPE, cortisol, and white blood cells when providing CHO during prolonged exercise under normobaric hypoxia, these parameters were not affected by addition of BCAA to CHO. Thus, these results suggest that the supplementation consisting of CHO and BCAA has no effect on further changing inflammatory response when exercising under hypoxia.
Vitamin B‐6 is Negatively Associated with Oxidative Stress Independently of Homocysteine in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Yeh En‐Ling , Huang Yi‐Chia , Chen Cheng‐Hsu 
Published: November 2023

Hemodialysis treatment may increase the excretion of vitamin B‐6 (pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate, PLP). Decreased PLP concentration has been shown to be associated with increased levels of homocysteine and oxidative stress. However, very few studies on the association of PLP concentration with homocysteine concentration and oxidative stress status at pre‐ and post‐hemodialysis have been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the associations among PLP, homocysteine and oxidative stress indicator (malondialdehyde, MDA) in hemodialysis patients. A cross‐sectional design was carried out. 66 patients who had received hemodialysis treatment for 4 hours three times per week were recruited. Anthropometric data and biochemical measurements were collected or analyzed at pre‐ and post‐hemodialysis session. The pre‐hemodialysis levels of plasma PLP and homocysteine were significantly decreased after the completion of hemodialysis; while MDA level maintained stable before and after the hemodialysis. The pre‐hemodialysis plasma MDA level was negatively correlated with post‐hemodialysis plasma PLP after adjusting for age, sex, Kt/V, homocysteine values and diabetes. No association of MDA with plasma homocysteine level at pre‐ or post‐hemodialysis. Vitamin B‐6 is negatively associated with oxidative stress independently of homocysteine in hemodialysis patients.Support or Funding InformationThis study was partially supported by Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Chiayi Branch (RVHCY105001), Taiwan.
The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glucolipid Metabolism and Pancreas and Muscle Histological Characteristic in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Wang Qiuzhen , Ma Aiguo , Chi Jinghua , Dou Xiaojuan , Liu Yufeng , Zhao Yanxu 
Published: November 2023

In recent years, the effect of vitamin D (VD) on DM has attracted more and more attention. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of VD3 supplementation on glucolipid metabolism and the pathological characteristic of pancreas and muscles in DM. We established diabetic rat model by intraperitoneally injection streptozocin based on high‐fat diet. The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups and supplemented with different doses of VD (normal control, diabetes model; 180, 900, 4500 and 7200 IU/kg IU/kg VD supplementation groups, respectively). Glucolipid metabolism and liver function were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer. HE staining was used to detect the histological feature in pancreas and muscles. The results showed that HDL‐C in the VD supplementation groups were higher than N group (P<0.05), while there are no differences in TC and LDL‐C. Liver function test showed that ALT in 900 IU/kg VD group were reduced significantly. Pancreas and muscle biopsy showed that the supplement of VD could significantly improve the morphology of islet cell and muscle and make them close to normal. In conclusion, VD supplementation may ameliorate the histological damage in pancreas and muscle in DM, and the glucolipid metabolism could be improved to certain extent.Support or Funding InformationSupported by NSFC‐81472983
Parathyroid Hormone in Relation to Various Vitamin D Metabolites in Adult Females
Authors: Al‐Daghri Nasser , Yakout Sobhy , Al‐Saleh Yousef , Aljohani Naji , Al‐Attas Omar , Alokail Majed 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundVitamin D binding protein (DBP) and albumin are the important determinants of circulatory 25(OH)D in adults. Physiological function of vitamin D is particularly regulated by vitamin D binding proteins. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) is considered as the biological activity reader of circulating 25(OH)D. We therefore examined the relationships between serum total, free and bioavailable 25(OH)D versus PTH in apparently healthy Saudi female adults.MethodsA total of 350 apparently healthy Saudi female adults [(Mean ± standard deviation) Age (years) 52.9±9.2; Body Mass Index (kg/m2) 32.9±5.4)] were included in this observational study. Anthropometrics was measured as well as fasting glucose, lipid profile, calcium and phosphorous using routine methods. Serum 25(OH)D was measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Serum DBP was determined by ELISA. Free and bioavailable 25(OH)D were calculated by comparing concentrations of total 25(OH)D, DBP, and albumin.ResultsData revealed that circulating total 25(OH)D had weak but significant inverse association with DBP (R=−0.24; p<0.01), and strong inverse associations with free 25(OH)D (R=−0.87; p<0.001), albumin bound 25(OH)D (R=−0.88; p<0.001) and bioavailable 25(OH)D (R=−0.89; p<0.001). None of the vitamin D metabolites, including 25(OH)D, correlated with serum PTH.ConclusionVarious metabolites of 25(OH)D are not correlated with serum PTH in Saudi adult females. Bioavailable, albumin‐bound and free 25(OH)D cannot be surrogate measures for vitamin D status, at least in this population.Support or Funding InformationThe study was funded by the Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Deanship of Research Chairs in King Saud University