bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new method for non‐stationary random critical excitation
Authors: Takewaki Izuru 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSince earthquake ground motions are very uncertain even with the present knowledge, it is desirable to develop a robust structural design method taking into account these uncertainties. Critical excitation approaches are promising and a new non‐stationary random critical excitation method is proposed. In contrast to the conventional critical excitation methods, a stochastic response index is treated as the objective function to be maximized. The power (area of power spectral density (PSD) function) and the intensity (magnitude of PSD function) are fixed and the critical excitation is found under these restrictions. It is shown that the original idea for stationary random inputs can be utilized effectively in the procedure for finding a critical excitation for non‐stationary random inputs. The key for finding the new non‐stationary random critical excitation is the exchange of the order of the double maximization procedures with respect to time and to the power spectral density function. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of spatial variations in source areas upon dust concentration profiles during three wind erosion events in Australia
Authors: Butler H. J. , Hogarth W. L. , McTainsh G. H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDust storms are a major contributor to soil erosion in inland Australia, and the Simpson Desert–Channel Country region is one of the most active wind erosion regions. While information is available on wind erosion rates at the land‐type level, little is known about the influence that spatial variations in the erodibility within a land type have on the resulting dust concentration profile. A Gaussian plume model, DSIS, is presented along with tower‐based dust data, to describe the influence of different spatial combinations of dust source areas, during three dust events on the Diamantina River floodplain in Western Queensland, Australia. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reliable component identification in atmospheric open‐path FTIR spectroscopy by a cross‐correlation method
Authors: Müller Uwe , Heise H. Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractContinuous environmental air monitoring is possible with open‐path FTIR spectroscopy. Efficient chemometric tools are needed for the identification of unknown compounds that are observable in remote sensing of volatile emissions into the atmosphere. A qualitative analysis using spectra recorded at a resolution of 0.2 cm−1is proposed, based on the cross‐correlation function and calculated with data from component‐specific intervals from library absorbance spectra. The characteristic wave‐number intervals were selected on the grounds of the most intense component absorption bands for which negligible overlap was present with atmospheric absorption lines. The algorithm has been implemented for 36 different gaseous substances into an expert system for the evaluation of atmospheric FTIR spectra, recorded for routine work in active open‐path monitoring. Detection limits for substance identification from mixture spectra are discussed. The influence from overlapping spectral features of co‐existing atmospheric compounds can be reduced by preprocessing, including such techniques as scaled absorbance subtraction with appropriate spectra of the known gases. A discussion of identification strategies previously presented in the literature is included. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 5: 50–59, 2001
Backhousia citriodora F. Muell.—Rediscovery and chemical characterization of the L‐citronellal form and aspects of its breeding system
Authors: Doran J. C. , Brophy J. J. , Lassak E. V. , House A. P. N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe rare L‐citronellal form of Backhousia citriodora F. Muell. was first reported in 1950 but attempts to relocate it were unsuccessful until 1996. The quest to relocate trees of this type has been driven by interest in L‐citronellal for perfumery. The common, citral form of the species is already under cultivation for oil production in Australia. This paper reports on the rediscovery of the L‐citronellal form, first in 1996 in a year‐old provenance/progeny trial of B. citriodora in south‐eastern Queensland, and then in a natural population on Queensland's Sunshine Coast in 1998. The three L‐citronellal trees in the trial gave foliar oil concentrations (g/100 g dry weight) of 3.2, 2.2 and 1.8, respectively, when sampled in November 1996. The same trees sampled in March 1999 gave pale yellow oils consisting of 85–89% citronellal, 6–9% isopulegol isomers with small quantities of citronellol (approx. 3%) and several other compounds. Data on the physicochemical properties of these oils are given in the paper. Seed from a single mature L‐citronellal tree gave progeny of both the L‐citronellal and citral form in a ratio of approximately 1 : 1. Propagation material from many more plants of the L‐citronellal form needs to be collected and assembled in breeding populations. This would form the basis of a selection and breeding programme, should this chemotype show economic potential. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of an Italian biotype of clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) grown in a semi‐arid Mediterranean environment
Authors: Carrubba A. , la Torre R. , Piccaglia R. , Marotti M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn Italian spontaneous biotype of clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) was evaluated for its suitability to be cultivated in a semi‐arid area and for the influence of these growth conditions on the essential oil composition. Seeds gathered from a spontaneous biotype were sown directly in the field, using a seeding density calculated to achieve a plant population of 7 plants/m2. Essential oils from the inflorescences and leaves of plants harvested at full flowering and early seed ripeness stages were obtained by steam distillation and characterized by GC and GC–MS. The plants showed a good tolerance to the semi‐arid growth conditions, yielding more than 700 flowers/plant and about 21 g seeds/plant. Relevant qualitative and quantitative differences were detected between the essential oils from the inflorescences and leaves, the former being characterized by a high content of linalool (26–29%) and linalyl acetate (35–53%) and the latter only by sesquiterpenes, with germacrene D as the main compound (68–69%). Inflorescences at full flowering stage were richer in linalool, α‐terpineol and germacrene D, showing a lower content in linalyl acetate in comparison with those collected at early seed ripeness. The development stage did not influence the oil composition of leaves. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Choosing among competing econometric forecasts: Regression‐based forecast combination using model selection
Authors: Swanson Norman R. , Zeng Tian 
Published: August 2002

AbstractForecast combination based on a model selection approach is discussed and evaluated. In addition, a combination approach based on ex ante predictive ability is outlined. The model selection approach which we examine is based on the use of Schwarz (SIC) or the Akaike (AIC) Information Criteria. Monte Carlo experiments based on combination forecasts constructed using possibly (misspecified) models suggest that the SIC offers a potentially useful combination approach, and that further investigation is warranted. For example, combination forecasts from a simple averaging approach MSE‐dominate SIC combination forecasts less than 25% of the time in most cases, while other ‘standard’ combination approaches fare even worse. Alternative combination approaches are also compared by conducting forecasting experiments using nine US macroeconomic variables. In particular, artificial neural networks (ANN), linear models, and professional forecasts are used to form real‐time forecasts of the variables, and it is shown via a series of experiments that SIC, t‐statistic, and averaging combination approaches dominate various other combination approaches. An additional finding is that while ANN models may not MSE‐dominate simpler linear models, combinations of forecasts from these two models outperform either individual forecast, for a subset of the economic variables examined. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Duplication or amplification of chromosome band 11q23, including the unrearranged MLL gene, is a recurrent abnormality in therapy‐related MDS and AML, and is closely related to mutation of the TP53 gene and to previous therapy with alkylating agents
Authors: Andersen Mette K. , Christiansen Debes H. , Kirchhoff Maria , Pedersen‐Bjergaard Jens 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGene amplification is a rare phenomenon in acute leukemia, but recently amplification of specific chromosome bands containing genes rearranged in leukemia‐specific balanced chromosome translocations has been reported in a few cases. We detected duplication or amplification of chromosome band 11q23 with 3–7 copies of the MLL gene by fluorescence in situ hybridization in 12 out of 70 unselected patients with therapy‐related myelodysplasia or acute myeloid leukemia (17%). In all but one case, the supernumerary copies of MLL were located to previously unidentified marker chromosomes or unbalanced translocations. In 4 of the 12 patients, 2–6 copies were located together on the same chromosome arm representing amplification, 7 patients had single, extra duplicated copies of MLL, whereas both amplification and duplication were observed in the same cell in 1 patient. Comparative genomic hybridization demonstrated gain of varying, often large parts of 11q in five patients. The MLL gene was shown to be unrearranged in all 12 patients. Seven out of eight patients with duplication or amplification of MLL had mutations of TP53. Patients with supernumerary copies of MLL were in general older (P = 0.007) and had a shorter survival (P < 0.001) compared to other patients. Duplication or amplification of MLL was significantly associated with a complex karyotype (P = 0.002), with deletion or loss of 5q (P = 0.001), and with prior therapy with alkylating agents. These results support the existence of a specific genetic pathway in t‐MDS and t‐AML with many previously unidentified chromosome aberrations demonstrated to represent extra copies of parts of 11q, including the unrearranged MLL gene. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gain of 1q and loss of 9q21.3‐q32 are associated with a less favorable prognosis in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Kjellman Petra , Lagercrantz Svetlana , Höög Anders , Wallin Göran , Larsson Catharina , Zedenius Jan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn order to approach the genetic mechanisms behind initiation and progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tumorigenesis, we characterized numerical chromosomal imbalances in a panel of 25 PTCs with varying histopathological and clinical features using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The most frequently detected imbalance was gain of 9q33‐qter, which was seen in close to 30% of the cases. The commonly occurring regions of loss were assigned to 22q (12%) and 9q21.3‐q32 (12%), while gains preferentially involved the entire X chromosome (20%), 1q (16%), 17q (16%), and 22q (12%). The distribution of CGH alterations supports the idea of a progression of genetic events in the development of PTC, where gain of 9q33‐qter would represent a relatively early event that is followed by loss of 22q and gain of X, 1q, 17q, and 22q. When the detected CGH alterations were compared with the clinical outcome and the histopathological features of the 25 PTC cases, several statistically significant correlations were revealed. The total number of genetic alterations was higher in tumors from patients with aggressive disease as compared to those without signs of aggressiveness. Gain of 1q and loss of 9q21.3‐q32 were exclusively seen in tumors from patients with aggressive disease, and the presence of distant metastases was associated with gain of 1q. A sex‐dependent distribution was also evident for one of the common alterations, with gain of X exclusively seen in male cases. Taken together, the findings identify several candidate locations for tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes that are potentially involved in the establishment and progression of papillary thyroid carcinogenesis. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retinoid signaling and cardiac anteroposterior segmentation
Authors: Xavier‐Neto José , Rosenthal Nadia , Silva Fábio Alex , Matos Tatiana Guimarães Freitas , Hochgreb Tatiana , Linhares Vania Lucia Ferreira 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSummary: Establishment of anterior–posterior polarity is one of the earliest decisions in cardiogenesis. Specification of anterior (outflow) and posterior (inflow) structures ensures proper connections between venous system and inflow tract and between arterial tree and outflow tract. The last few years have witnessed remarkable progress in our understanding of cardiac anteroposterior patterning. Molecular cloning and subsequent studies on RALDH2, the key embryonic retinaldehyde dehydrogenase in retinoic acid (RA) synthesis, provided the missing link between teratogenic studies on RA deficiency and excess and normal chamber morphogenesis. We discuss work establishing the foundations of our current understanding of the mechanisms of cardiac anteroposterior segmentation, the reasons why early evidence pointing to the role of RA in anteroposterior segmentation was overlooked, and the key experiments unraveling the role of RA in cardiac anteroposterior segmentation. We have also integrated recent experiments in a model of cardiac anteroposterior patterning in which RALDH2 expression determines anteroposterior boundaries in the heart field. genesis 31:97–104, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased transgene expression by the mouse tyrosinase enhancer is restricted to neural crest‐derived pigment cells
Authors: Camacho‐Hübner Agnès , Beermann Friedrich 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSummary: In this study, we have addressed the impact of the mouse tyrosinase enhancer on regulated expression from the mouse tyrosinase promoter during embryonic development. Stable and transient transgenic experiments using the reporter gene lacZ reveal that (1) expression is detected in neural crest‐derived melanoblasts from E11.5 onward, (2) the enhancer does not increase transgenic expression in optic cup‐derived pigment cells of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and (3) expression in the telencephalon is not any longer detected. The importance of the enhancer for expression in pigment cells of the eye was further investigated in adult mice using an attenuated diphtheria toxin A gene. This demonstrated that in presence of the enhancer the transgene expression is specifically targeted to neural crest‐derived melanocytes of the choroid and not, or slightly, to the RPE. This suggests that tyrosinase is differentially regulated in the two pigment cell lineages, and that this promoter can be used to target expression preferentially to the neural crest‐derived melanocyte lineage. genesis 29:180–187, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variegated expression and delayed retinal pigmentation during development in transgenic mice with a deletion in the locus control region of the tyrosinase gene
Authors: Giménez Estela , Giraldo Patricia , Jeffery Glen , Montoliu Lluís 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSummary: Deletion of the tyrosinase locus control region (LCR) in transgenic mice results in variegated expression in the skin. Here we investigate the pigmentation pattern of other tissues that express tyrosinase: iris, choroid, and retina in the same animals. A mosaic distribution of pigmentation appears in the iris and choroid. Interestingly, a markedly different mosaic pattern is found in the retina, where central areas contain little or no melanin while pigmentation rises to normal levels towards periphery. Further, there is a temporal delay in the initiation and accumulation of pigment in retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) cells during development, and patterns of adult retinal melanisation in these mice appear arrested at a stage found in early embryogenesis in wild‐type mice. These results demonstrate that the tyrosinase LCR is needed for the correct establishment and maintenance of this expression domain throughout development, but particularly during the later stages of retinal melanisation. genesis 30:21–25, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A CamKIIα iCre BAC allows brain‐specific gene inactivation
Authors: Casanova E. , Fehsenfeld S. , Mantamadiotis T. , Lemberger T. , Greiner E. , Stewart A. F. , Schütz G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSummary: We describe the generation of transgenic mouse lines expressing the Cre recombinase enzyme in brain under control of the CamKIIα gene present in a BAC expression vector. The CamKIIα BAC transgene gave a faithful expression pattern resembling the pattern of the endogenous CamKIIα gene. Specifically, high levels of CamKIIα Cre were detected in hippocampus, cortex, and amygdala, and lower levels were detected in striatum, thalamus, and hypothalamus. As expected, no expression was detected in the cerebellum or outside of the brain. The expression level of the BAC CamKIIα driven Cre was shown to be copy number dependent. To test the activity of the Cre recombinase, the transgenic mice were crossed with mice harbouring the CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) allele with the 10th exon flanked by two loxP sites, and recombination was monitored by the disappearance of the CREB protein. Finally, evaluation of the developmental postnatal expression of the CamKIIα Cre BAC revealed the expression of the Cre recombinase as early as P3. genesis 31:37–42, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐silicate inclusions in garnet from an ultra‐deep orogenic peridotite
Authors: Van Roermund H. L. M. , Drury M. R. , Barnhoorn A. , De Ronde A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNon‐silicate solid inclusions in garnet from ultra‐deep garnet peridotites, Otrøy, Western Gneiss Region, Norway, have been studied using light‐optical, scanning and analytical electron microscopic techniques. Texturally, the investigated garnets reveal protogranular, porphyroclastic and equigranular microstructures. Protogranular and porphyroclastic garnets contain microstructural evidence of the former existence of ‘super‐titanic’ garnet. The microstructural evidence consists of exsolution textures involving rutile and ilmenite needles //<111>Grt as well as interstitial rutile grains. This exsolution microstructure is similar to the relict majoritic garnet microstructures found in the same peridotite. Some garnets contain both pyroxene and rutile exsolution.Other non‐silicate mineral inclusions in protogranular and porphyroclastic garnet consist of nickel‐iron alloys (Ni99Fe01) and Cr‐rich spinel. In addition, some protogranular, porphyroclastic and equigranular garnets contain composite Ni‐Fe‐Cu sulphide inclusions. The latter represent immiscible sulphide melt trapped within cracks that have healed.The original melting temperature of Ni‐Fe‐Cu sulphides was determined as being ≥ 1000°C and contrasts with temperatures derived from garnet–olivine–pyroxene mineral compositions using conventional geothermobarometry (c. 800°C/3 GPa). This contradiction is explained by the decoupling of microstructures and mineral chemistry; the microstructures were formed at higher temperatures than indicated by the current mineral chemistry. The decoupling of microstructures and current mineral chemistry has important applications for geodynamic models. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of functional NK‐1 receptors in murine microglia
Authors: Rasley Amy , Bost Kenneth L. , Olson Julie K. , Miller Stephen D. , Marriott Ian 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCells of myeloid origin such as microglia have the potential to contribute significantly to the development of inflammatory responses in the CNS. The ability of the neuropeptide substance P to augment proinflammatory responses by other myeloid cell types such as macrophages and dendritic cells is well recognized. In the present study, we demonstrate the presence of mRNA encoding NK‐1 (substance P) receptors in murine microglia cell lines. Importantly, we have utilized specific antibodies developed by our laboratory to detect the expression of the NK‐1 receptor protein in murine microglia cell lines by Western blot analysis and flow cytometry. Furthermore, we have investigated the presence of this receptor on primary murine microglia and report the presence of authentic NK‐1 receptors as determined by Western blot analysis and flow cytometry. In addition, we demonstrate that NK‐1 receptors expressed on microglia are functional as demonstrated by the ability of nanomolar concentrations of substance P to initiate activation of the transcriptional activator, NF‐κB. Given the weight of evidence supporting the role of substance P–substance P receptor interactions in the initiation of optimal proinflammatory responses by myeloid cells, the demonstration of authentic and functional NK‐1 receptors in microglia identifies this neuropeptide as a potentially important contributor to CNS inflammatory responses during disease states. GLIA 37:258–267, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Progesterone and the oligodendroglial lineage: Stage‐dependent biosynthesis and metabolism
Authors: Gago Nathalie , Akwa Yvette , Sananès Nicole , Guennoun Rachida , Baulieu Etienne Emile , El‐Etr Martine , Schumacher Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEvidence has been accumulated showing that neurosteroids, particularly progesterone (PROG) and its metabolites, may participate in myelination and remyelination in the peripheral nervous system, but very few studies have been undertaken in the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of this work was to investigate the capacities of synthesis and metabolism of PROG at three important stages of the oligodendroglial lineage: oligodendrocyte pre‐progenitors (OPP), oligodendrocyte progenitors (OP), and fully differentiated oligodendrocytes (OL). Experiments have been conducted in vitro using highly purified primary cell cultures from rat brain. Cells were incubated with 3H‐pregnenolone (3H‐PREG), the immediate precursor of PROG, or with 3H‐PROG, and steroids metabolites were then identified by thin layer chromatography and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). mRNA expression of key steroidogenic enzymes was evaluated by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The results showed that only OPP and OP, but not OL, expressed 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5‐Δ4 isomerase mRNA and were able to synthesize PROG from PREG. In the three cell types studied, PROG was metabolized by the type 1 isoform of 5α‐reductase into 5α‐dihydroprogesterone (5α‐DHPROG). This enzyme exhibited a 5‐fold higher activity in OL than in OPP and OP. 5α‐DHPROG was further transformed either into 3α,5α‐tetrahydroprogesterone (3α,5α‐THPROG), known as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor, or into the 3β‐isomer. The 3α,5α‐THPROG synthesis was 10 times higher in OPP than in the other cell studied, while the 3β,5α‐THPROG production did not change with cell differentiation. PROG synthesis and metabolism and the dramatic changes in neurosteroidogenesis observed during the oligodendroglial differentiation may contribute to oligodendrocyte development or the myelination process. GLIA 36:295–308, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.