bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutron stars in the Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model
Authors: Bartolini Lorenzo , Gudnason Sven Bjarke 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We utilize the top-down holographic QCD model, the Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model, in a hybrid setting with the SLy4, soft chiral EFT and stiff chiral EFT equations of state to describe neutron stars with high precision. In particular, we employ a calibration that bootstraps the nuclear matter by fitting the Kaluza-Klein scale and the ’t Hooft coupling such that the physical saturation density and physical symmetry energy are achieved. We obtain static stable neutron star mass-radius data via the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov equations that yield sufficiently large maximal masses of neutron stars to be compatible with the recently observed PSR-J0952-0607 data as well as all other known radius and tidal deformation constraints.
Fine Properties of Geodesics and Geodesic $$\lambda $$-Convexity for the Hellinger–Kantorovich Distance
Authors: Liero Matthias , Mielke Alexander , Savaré Giuseppe 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe study the fine regularity properties of optimal potentials for the dual formulation of the Hellinger–Kantorovich problem ($$\textsf{H}\!\!\textsf{K}$$

H

K

), providing sufficient conditions for the solvability of the primal Monge formulation. We also establish new regularity properties for the solution of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation arising in the dual dynamic formulation of $$\textsf{H}\!\!\textsf{K}$$

H

K

, which are sufficiently strong to construct a characteristic transport-growth flow driving the geodesic interpolation between two arbitrary positive measures. These results are applied to study relevant geometric properties of $$\textsf{H}\!\!\textsf{K}$$

H

K

geodesics and to derive the convex behaviour of their Lebesgue density along the transport flow. Finally, exact conditions for functionals defined on the space of measures are derived that guarantee the geodesic $$\lambda $$
λ
-convexity with respect to the Hellinger–Kantorovich distance. Examples of geodesically convex functionals are provided.
Diaphragm Ultrasonography: Reference Values and Influencing Factors for Thickness, Thickening Fraction, and Excursion in the Seated Position
Authors: Yamada Toru , Minami Taro , Yoshino Syumpei , Emoto Ken , Mabuchi Suguru , Hanazawa Ryoichi , Hirakawa Akihiro , Hashimoto Masayoshi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Measurements of diaphragm function by ultrasonography are affected by body position, but reference values in the seated position have not been established for an Asian population. This study aimed to determine reference values for diaphragm thickness, thickening fraction, and dome excursion by ultrasonography and to investigate the effects of sex, height, and body mass index.

Methods
Diaphragm ultrasonography was performed on 109 seated Japanese volunteers with normal respiratory function who were enrolled between March 2022 and January 2023. Thickness, thickening fraction, and excursion were measured. Reference values and the measurement success rate were calculated. Multivariate analysis adjusted for sex, height, and body mass index was performed.

Results
The measurement success rate was better for thickness than for excursion. The mean (lower limit of normal) values on the right/left sides were as follows. During quiet breathing, thickness at end expiration(mm) was 1.7 (0.9)/1.6 (0.80), thickening fraction(%) was 50 (0.0)/52 (0.0), and excursion(cm) was 1.7 (0.5)/1.9 (0.5). During deep breathing, the thickening fraction was 111 (24)/107 (22), and the excursion was 4.4 (1.7)/4.1 (2.0). In multivariate analysis, body mass index was positively associated with thickness but not with the thickening fraction.

Conclusion
The reference values in this study were smaller than those in previous reports from Europe. Considering that thickness is influenced by body mass index, using Western reference values in Asia, where the average body mass index is lower, might not be appropriate. The thickening fraction in deep breathing is unaffected by other items and can be used more universally.
Frequency and severity of malocclusions in patients with statutory health insurance in a German orthodontic practice in North Rhine Westphalia – a multi-part cross-sectional study over a 20-year period
Authors: Kinzinger Gero Stefan Michael , Hourfar Jan , Maletic Andrijana , Lisson Jörg Alexander 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective
Since 2002, patients with statutory health insurance in Germany must undergo an assessment of orthodontic treatment need using the "Kieferorthopädische Indikationsguppen" (KIG; orthodontic indication groups) classification system. According to this system, tooth and jaw misalignment are divided into 11 subgroups and five grades. The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution of KIG classifications in patients with statutory insurance of a German orthodontic practice (North Rhine, Germany) and to analyze changes over a 20-year period.

Materials and Methods
Since the introduction of the KIG index in 2002, 4940 statutorily insured patients over a 20-year period (2330 m, 2610 f, min 3.2, max 49.5 years, peak between 10 and 12 years) were classified at their first appointment. According to the valid guidelines of the statutory health insurance (GKV), the division was made into the highest possible KIG classification. Multiple entries were thus not made. In accordance with the operating cycles of the practice, the progression was divided into four 5-year periods.

Results
Over a 20-year period, 24.98% of the patients were assigned to the classification "D". 86.52% of the patients were among the 6 most frequently ("D", "E", "K", "S", "P" and "M", > 10% each) and only 13.49% among the 5 least frequently recorded classifications ("U", "B", "T", "O" and "A", < 5% each).

Conclusion
The distribution of the 6 most frequent and the 5 least frequent KIG classifications was constant over a 20-year-period. Among all possible tooth and jaw misalignment variants, the sagittal classifications "D" and "M" represent the most frequent malocclusions.

Clinical relevance
The results and their comparison with historical data show that both frequency and severity of tooth and jaw misalignment with orthodontic treatment need appear identical for patients with statutory health insurance over a 20-year period.
Analyse zum Umgang mit digitalen Übersetzungsprogrammen
Authors: Zehnder Philipp , Heberer Jörg , Schwarz Markus , Greve Frederik , Biberthaler Peter , Kirchhoff Chlodwig , Zyskowski Michael 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Durch Zunahme der Globalisierung und verstärkte globale Migrationstendenzen kommt es zu einer Zunahme von Mehrsprachigkeit. Dies hat Verständigungsprobleme zwischen Ärzt*innen und Patient*innen zur Folge. Digitale Übersetzungsprogramme können hier eine kostengünstige und zeitsparende Alternative sein. Anwendungshäufigkeit, Risiken und die juristischen Rahmenbedingungen gilt es zu beleuchten.

Methoden
Das TraumaNetzwerk der DGU umfasst deutschlandweit 478 Notaufnahmen. Diese wurden angeschrieben und gebeten, mittels Fragebogen ihren Umgang mit digitalen Übersetzungsprogrammen darzulegen. Die Ergebnisse wurden statistisch ausgewertet und mit der gegenwärtigen Rechtsprechung korreliert.

Ergebnisse
Von 478 Kliniken haben 103 (21,5 %) teilgenommen. Digitale Übersetzungsprogramme werden im klinischen Alltag bereits von mehr als 70 % der befragten Kolleg*innen genutzt. Etwa 50 % haben digitale Übersetzungsprogramme bereits zur Aufklärung für eine nichtlebensbedrohliche Operation genutzt. Die Mehrheit der befragten Kolleg*innen (87,4 %) sieht sich bei der Aufklärung einer nicht Deutsch sprechenden Patient*in rechtlich nicht ausreichend abgesichert.

Schlussfolgerung
Bei zunehmend knappen personellen Ressourcen hat die Nutzung digitaler Übersetzungsprogramme im klinischen Alltag zur Kommunikation mit fremdsprachigen Patienten*innen Einzug gehalten. Die Vorteile dieser Übersetzungsprogramme sind durch ihre niederschwellige und tageszeitunabhängige Verfügbarkeit evident. Klare gesetzliche Rahmenbedingungen für die Nutzung sind jedoch bis dato nicht existent. Aufgrund der möglichen Fehleranfälligkeit bezüglich der medizinischen Nomenklatur dieser Übersetzungsprogramme und nicht bestehender rechtlicher Rahmenbedingungen ist deren Verwendung im klinischen Alltag risikobehaftet und kann derzeit nicht empfohlen werden.
Physical Activity and Mental Health in Children and Youth: Clinician Perspectives and Practices
Authors: Crichton Madeline , Bigelow Hannah , Fenesi Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Rates of mental health challenges among children and youth are on the rise. Physical activity has been identified as a promising intervention to improve mental health outcomes for youth.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate how mental health clinicians perceive and utilize physical activity as a mental health intervention for children and adolescents.

Methods
Seventy-four Ontario mental health clinicians (psychologists, psychotherapists, and social workers) were surveyed about their perspectives and practices related to physical activity as part of mental health care for children and adolescents using a mixed-methods approach. Survey respondents were also asked about barriers to including physical activity in care.

Results
Although 100% of clinicians agreed that physical activity was beneficial to their own and to their clients’ mental health, only 61% reported prescribing physical activity to their clients. Barriers to prescribing physical activity as a treatment option included lack of training, time, and resources. Clinicians who were more physically active themselves were more likely to view physical activity as beneficial for mental health and were less likely to view time as a barrier to discussing and prescribing physical activity in their practice. Many clinicians expressed a need for more training, knowledge, and resources.

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that with improved access to training and resources, clinicians will be well-positioned to leverage the benefits of physical activity for mental health in their practice.
Probabilistic characterization of Brazilian tensile strength of rock from both direct and indirect measurements
Authors: Aladejare Adeyemi Emman 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe determination of Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) is an essential step in the analysis and design of mining structures at a particular site. The estimated design parameters are affected by the inherent variability of BTS, measurement errors arising from laboratory testing, and transformation uncertainty associated with the empirical model linking BTS to other rock properties when it is indirectly estimated. These uncertainties are usually lumped together as the total variability of BTS. However, it is the inherent variability resulting from natural geological factors, not the total variability, that directly affects the actual response of rock structures. Hence, there is a need for proper characterization of the inherent variability of BTS while the measurement errors and transformation uncertainty are explicitly incorporated. This paper develops a Bayesian approach which uses sequential updating, that is multi-input oriented for probabilistic characterization of the inherent variability of BTS of rock. The proposed approach systematically combines previous engineering experience and site information from both direct BTS data and data from indirect tests like point load test to inversely infer the inherent variability of BTS. The proposed approach quantitatively accounts for the effects of measurement errors and transformation uncertainty on the characterization of the inherent variability of BTS. The proposed approach is illustrated and validated using real-life data and simulated data. The result shows that the proposed approach provides a proper characterization of the inherent variability of BTS based on available information from multiple sources. Sensitivity studies are also performed to explore the effects of measurement errors on the performance of the proposed approach.
Lung cancer mortality trends among women across Spain: the role of birth cohorts in diverging regional patterns
Authors: Bramajo Octavio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSmoking among Spanish women has increased during the last 50 years and is considered by some authors a modern epidemic. However, mortality risk by cohorts may differ at a regional level, given that health inequalities (and the determinants of smoking and its consequences) are regionally patterned. We applied an Age-Period-Cohort model to identify birth cohort effects on female lung cancer mortality in Spain. We found a strong linear increase in lung cancer mortality during the 1980–2019 period in all regions. Cohorts born between 1935 and 1955 presented a higher relative risk of death at a national and subnational level. However, we found diverging cohort patterns across regions afterward, with some regions presenting a slight mortality improvement (or stagnation) in their youngest cohorts, while in other regions mortality kept increasing. This suggests that inequalities in lung cancer mortality in Spain among women are not only generationally based, but that generational risks also vary across space. Some of the regions that presented improvements in mortality among its younger cohorts are Madrid, Navarra, and the Basque Country, which are some of the wealthiest in the Country. While speculative, this could imply that improvements at a regional level might be associated with factors related to structural conditions that result in the adoption of healthy behaviors.
The status of transgender and intersex athletes in international sports federations
Authors: Bydzovsky Pierre 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis contribution is the fruit of numerous discussions with several practitioners and legal advisors within sports organisations in Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States, and aims to guide sports federations in the internal rules they must put in place following the recommendations of the International Olympic Committee in November 2021, with a reminder of the various regulations adopted in this area over the last 60 years.
Development of wet adhesion of honeybee arolium incorporated polygonal structure with three-phase composite interfaces
Authors: Liang Lulu , Zhao Jieliang , Niu Qun , Yu Li , Wu Xiangbing , Wang Wenzhong , Yan Shaoze , Yu Zhenglei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInspired by the dynamic wet adhesive systems in nature, various artificial adhesive surfaces have been developed but still face different challenges. Crucially, the theoretical mechanics of wet adhesives has never been sufficiently revealed. Here, we develop a novel adhesive mechanism for governing wet adhesion and investigate the biological models of honeybee arolium for reproducing the natural wet adhesive systems. Micro-nano structures of honeybee arolium and arolium-prints were observed by Cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM), and the air pockets were found in the contact interface notably. Subsequently, the adhesive models with a three-phase composite interface (including air pockets, liquid secretion, and hexagonal frames of arolium), were formed to analyze the wet adhesion of honeybee arolium. The results of theoretical calculations and experiments indicated an enhanced adhesive mechanism of the honeybee by liquid self-sucking effects and air-embolism effects. Under these effects, normal and shear adhesion can be adjusted by controlling the proportion of liquid secretion and air pockets in the contact zone. Notably, the air-embolism effects contribute to the optimal coupling of smaller normal adhesion with greater shear adhesion, which is beneficial for the high stride frequency of honeybees. These works can provide a fresh perspective on the development of bio-inspired wet adhesive surfaces.
A numerical model to simulate the transient frictional viscoelastic sliding contact
Authors: Wang Dongze , de Boer Gregory , Neville Anne , Ghanbarzadeh Ali 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSliding motion has always been one of the major concerns when it comes to the analysis of viscoelastic contact problems. A new model simulating the transient sliding contact of smooth viscoelastic surfaces is developed in this paper. By taking the dry contact friction and the coupling between shear tractions and normal pressure into account, the effect of the early partial slip period, which is often neglected in the study of viscoelastic sliding contact problems, is investigated numerically. Compared with solutions based on the frictionless assumption, the steady-state pressure profile is found to be slightly different under the effect of the partial slip regime, including a lower peak pressure and the shift of the contacting region in the direction opposite to the sliding motion. Furthermore, the time required for the viscoelastic contact to reach its steady state is delayed owing to the partial slip period preceding the global sliding motion.
Influence of contact curvature on frictional energy dissipation under varying tangential loads
Authors: Baek Sumin , Baek Seunghun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of contact surface curvatures on the friction response under varying tangential loadings using a finite element (FE) model. The results showed that the geometry of the surface influences the contact force at the interface and reduces the friction effect through an unsteady distribution of the contact force. The relationship between the friction effect, excitation, and contact surface shape was also examined, revealing a linear inverse relationship between the friction and curvature. The findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the frictional interactions between elastic bodies and highlight the role of curvature as a design parameter for regulating the friction effect.
Gelatin-Based Metamaterial Hydrogel Films with High Conformality for Ultra-Soft Tissue Monitoring
Authors: Chen Yuewei , Zhou Yanyan , Hu Zihe , Lu Weiying , Li Zhuang , Gao Ning , Liu Nian , Li Yuanrong , He Jing , Gao Qing , Xie Zhijian , Li Jiachun , He Yong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractImplantable hydrogel-based bioelectronics (IHB) can precisely monitor human health and diagnose diseases. However, achieving biodegradability, biocompatibility, and high conformality with soft tissues poses significant challenges for IHB. Gelatin is the most suitable candidate for IHB since it is a collagen hydrolysate and a substantial part of the extracellular matrix found naturally in most tissues. This study used 3D printing ultrafine fiber networks with metamaterial design to embed into ultra-low elastic modulus hydrogel to create a novel gelatin-based conductive film (GCF) with mechanical programmability. The regulation of GCF nearly covers soft tissue mechanics, an elastic modulus from 20 to 420 kPa, and a Poisson's ratio from − 0.25 to 0.52. The negative Poisson's ratio promotes conformality with soft tissues to improve the efficiency of biological interfaces. The GCF can monitor heartbeat signals and respiratory rate by determining cardiac deformation due to its high conformability. Notably, the gelatin characteristics of the biodegradable GCF enable the sensor to monitor and support tissue restoration. The GCF metamaterial design offers a unique idea for bioelectronics to develop implantable sensors that integrate monitoring and tissue repair and a customized method for endowing implanted sensors to be highly conformal with soft tissues.
The text is dead! Long live the text!
Authors: Helgesson Stefan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhither literature in an age of semiotic overload? In a discussion of J.M. Coetzee’s El Polaco, Mohamed Mbougar Sarr’s La plus secrète mémoire des hommes and Zoë Wicomb’s Still Life, this essay suggests that a dialectic between textual evasion and the intertextual productivity of commentary, translation and generative AI might show the way forward.
A Civil War Surgeon’s Pit at Manassas National Battlefield Park, Virginia
Authors: Bruwelheide Karin S. , Owsley Douglas W. , Barca Kathryn G. , Schlachtmeyer Sandra S. , France Christine A. M. , Burgess James M. , Bies Brandon S. , Orrence Karen L. , Creveling Marian C. , Potter Stephen R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHuman bone fragments were discovered during archaeological monitoring of earth moving on Manassas National Battlefield Park in Virginia. Later mitigation recovered bones in situ—two skeletons and seven amputated limbs. Interdisciplinary research affords an unusually detailed level of interpretation, including identification of the remains as Union soldiers wounded during the Battle of Second Manassas (28–30 August 1862). The reconstructed narrative includes military and personal markers of identity, as well as causes of death and injury, and establishes a window from 1 to 6 September 1862 when the pit was dug. Records of Union surgeons make future personal identification of the amputated limbs possible and confirm the pit’s location as a key treatment center after Second Manassas, a battle that marked an inflection point for combat military medicine by highlighting the urgent need for improved systematic recovery and treatment of the wounded.
Coping with disasters: changing patterns of disaster risk reduction activities in the southwestern coastal areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Sony M. M. Abdullah Al Mamun , Hasan Md Kamrul , Roy Tuhin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBangladesh is exposed to frequent natural disasters such as floods, cyclones, tidal surges, and earthquakes. To improve resilience, the country has implemented multisectoral and muti-level national interventions based on international guidelines over the past few years. As a result, local people have become more knowledgeable about and adept at coping with disasters. While previous studies have focused on the causes and consequences of this development, this study examines the trend of successful disaster risk reduction (DRR) interventions through qualitative research in the southwest coastal area of Bangladesh. The authors performed 10 in-depth interviews, four focus group discussions, non-participatory observatory notes, and gathered 36 photographs of the surrounding landscapes in two selected villages of Dacope Upazila and Mongla Upazila, Khulna Division of Bangladesh. This study has suggested that coastal residents have changed their actions through DRR due to a range of awareness programs led by governmental and non-governmental organizations. While a top-down approach has improved early warning, disaster preparedness, and safer environments, a bottom-up approach should be considered to incorporate effective local DRR activities such as kinship network support. These findings suggest that both new and traditional disaster-coping activities should be integrated into more effective DRR strategies.
Corrosion and isothermal interdiffusion properties of Ni–Al coatings under simulated biomass combustion conditions
Authors: Xu Yi , Wu Zhenhua , Hu Hongyu , Wang Yuefei , Wu Duoli 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe main issue with using biomass fuels in power plants is fireside corrosion. Applying corrosion-resistant coatings is one potential choice. The current study examines how a Ni–Al diffusion coating on austenitic stainless steel reacts to corrosion and interdiffusion (TP347H). Nickel was electrolytically deposited to create Ni–Al coatings, which were then pack aluminized at 650 °C. With an internal layer of Ni and a Ni2Al3 outer layer, a homogenous and dense Ni–Al coating was created. Samples were heated to 560 °C for 168 h in an environment designed to simulate the combustion of biomass. A localized corrosion attack was the result. By using isothermal heat treatment in static air at 650 °C or 700 °C for up to 3000 h, interdiffusion was examined. In the course of the interdiffusion process, the Ni2Al3 eventually changed into NiAl and Ni3Al. At both temperatures, porosity formed at the intersection of the Ni–Al coating and the Ni layer and grew with time.