bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five‐year maintenance follow‐up of early‐onset periodontitis patients
Authors: Kamma Joanna J. , Baehni Pierre C. 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological status of patients with early‐onset or aggressive periodontitis (EOP) who had received supportive periodontal care (SPC) every 3–6 months for a period of 5 years, following active periodontal treatment.Material & Methods: The study population consisted of 25 individuals with early‐onset periodontitis. Clinical examination and recordings of probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were performed at baseline prior to treatment (T0), 3 months following the termination of active periodontal treatment (T1) and annually at the SPC appointments (T2,T3,T4,T5). Microbiological samples were obtained at the 5‐year SPC (T5). Subgingival plaque samples for each individual were collected from one deep pocket (>5 mm), based on pretreatment measurements, randomly selected in each quadrant. The levels of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides forsythus, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola were determined using oligonucleotide probe hybridization.Results: During the 5‐year period, the mean of SPC/patient was 12.7 sessions. A significant improvement was observed in PPD, CAL, gingival bleeding index and suppuration following treatment. However, between T1 and T5, 134 sites in 20 patients deteriorated with a CAL loss of≥2 mm. Out of these 134 sites showing disease progression, microbial samples were randomly obtained in 13 sites (9.7%) from 8 patients. Among other factors, smoking and stress were found to have significant predictive value on the future attachment loss. P. gingivalis, T. denticola and total bacterial load were statistically significantly higher in patients who experienced disease progression during the 5‐year maintenance period.Conclusions: For most EOP patients, regular SPC was effective in maintaining clinical and microbiological improvements attained after active periodontal therapy. However, a small percentage of sites was identified as progressive in 20 patients. Variables found to be related to periodontal progression were the presence of as well as the high bacterial counts of P. gingivalis, T. denticola and total bacterial load, number of acute episodes, number of teeth lost, smoking and stress.
Acquisition and loss of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Prevotella intermedia over a 5‐year period: effect of a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice
Authors: Cullinan M. P. , Hamlet S. M. , Westerman B. , Palmer J. E. , Faddy M. J. , Seymour G. J. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractObjectives: The present study describes the natural history of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Prevotella intermedia over a 5‐year period and the effect of a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice on these organisms in a normal adult population.Material and Methods: Subgingival plaque samples were collected from 504 adult volunteers. Probing pocket depths (PPD) and relative attachment levels were measured using an automated probe. Participants were matched for disease status (CPI), plaque index, age and gender, and allocated to receive either a triclosan/copolymer or placebo dentifrice. Re‐examination and subgingival plaque sampling was repeated after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years. P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. intermedia were detected and quantitated using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Logistic regression and generalised linear modelling were used to analyse the data.Results: This 5‐year longitudinal study showed considerable volatility in acquisition and loss (below the level of detection) of all three organisms in this population. Relatively few subjects had these organisms on multiple occasions. While P. gingivalis was related to loss of attachment and to PPD ≥3.5 mm, there was no relationship between A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. intermedia and disease progression over the 5 years of the study. Smokers with P. gingivalis had more PPD ≥3.5 mm than smokers without this organism. There was no significant effect of the triclosan dentifrice on P. gingivalis or A. actinomycetemcomitans. Subjects using triclosan were more likely to have P. intermedia than those not using the dentifrice; however this did not translate into these subjects having higher levels of P. intermedia and its presence was uniform showing no signs of increasing over the course of the study.Conclusion: The present 5‐year longitudinal study has shown the transient nature of colonisation with P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. intermedia in a normal adult population. The use of a triclosan‐containing dentifrice did not lead to an overgrowth of these organisms. The clinical effect of the dentifrice would appear to be independent of its antimicrobial properties.
Safety and efficiency of novel sonic scaler tips in vitro
Authors: Petersilka Gregor J. , Draenert Miriam , Mehl Albert , Hickel Reinhard , Flemmig Thomas F. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackground: The aim of the study was to evaluate a novel sonic scaler tip for subgingival root surface instrumentation combining high efficiency in calculus removal with minimized risk of root damage through subgingival debridement.Methods: A metal sonic scaler tip with a paddle‐like working end covered with spheroid convexities of 0.8 mm diameter and 0.3 mm height was designed from the aspect of optimized adaptation to the root anatomy (tip‐end dimension: 3.0×1.5×0.6 mm). Using a customary sonic scaler tip as control, instrument efficiency was quantified by measuring the time needed to completely remove calculus on extracted teeth (n=52) under standardized conditions. To quantify the amount of calculus removed, the mean calculus area per tooth was measured on photographs taken before instrumentation. The tips safety was evaluated instrumenting calculus‐free root surfaces in vitro (n=18, lateral forces 0.5, 1, 2 N, 20 s instrumentation time, tip angulation 0°) with subsequent laser‐optical determination of resulting root substance loss.Results: Debridement efficiency was significantly higher for the novel tip (0.78±0.81 mm2/s completely debrided) than for the conventional tip (0.42±0.33 mm2) (Mann–Whitney test, p<0.05). Concerning instrument safety, the novel tip caused significantly less root substance loss than the conventional tip.Conclusion: The novel scaler tip appears to be significantly more efficient in calculus removal and less damaging to the root surface than the assessed conventional tip.
Activation of human matrix metalloproteinase 2 by gingival crevicular fluid and Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Grayson R. , Douglas C.W.I. , Heath J. , Rawlinson A. , Evans G.S. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractAim: To assess the potential of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from adult periodontitis patients and Porphyromonas gingivalis proteases to activate matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP‐2) in vitro.Material and Methods: GCF samples were collected from each of 15 adult periodontitis patients, from a clinically healthy site, a deep (>6 mm) bleeding site, and a deep nonbleeding site. The GCF samples were examined for general proteolytic activity, gelatinolytic activity and ability to activate pro‐MMP‐2 by zymography. Ultrasonic extracts of a range of clinical isolates of P. gingivalis cells and purified arg‐ and lys‐gingipains were also assessed for their ability to activate pro‐MMP‐2.Results: GCF from deep nonbleeding sites showed higher general proteolytic activity than samples from deep bleeding and healthy sites but this did not reach statistical significance. Pefabloc, a general serine protease inhibitor, inhibited the majority (92%) of the proteolytic activity. GCF samples contained neutrophil MMP‐9 in its latent form in 93% of the samples, and in its activated form in 40% of the samples. In contrast, MMP‐2 was present in only trace amounts in 9% of the samples. When latent MMP‐2 was added to these GCF samples, it was converted to the activated form (59 kDa) in 68% of the samples. Lower molecular weight (55 and 45 kDa) activated forms also appeared in 53% of the samples, particularly those from deep sites. Activation to the 55 and 45 kDa forms was inhibited by MSAAPket (a neutrophil elastase inhibitor), whereas Pefabloc completely inhibited the activation of latent MMP‐2. All ultrasonic extracts of P. gingivalis activated latent MMP‐2 in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. Also, latent MMP‐2 was activated by purified arg‐gingipain but less efficiently by lys‐gingipain.Conclusion: These findings suggest that P. gingivalis arg‐gingipain and neutrophil elastase present in GCF can activate latent MMP‐2, which may contribute in vivo to local periodontal tissue destruction.
Analysis of the TGF‐β1 promoter polymorphism (C−509T) in patients with chronic periodontitis
Authors: De Souza A. P. , Trevilatto P. C. , Scarel‐Caminaga R. M. , De Brito R. B. , Line S. R. P. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackground: A polymorphism in the promoter region of the transforming growth factor beta‐1 (TGF‐β1) gene was described at position −509. This polymorphism represents a C‐to‐T base exchange, which creates a YY1 consensus sequence in an area involved with down transcription regulation. This polymorphism has been associated with risk for asthma and allergies. In this study we investigated the association between this polymorphism and chronic periodontitis severity.Methods: Genomic DNA from oral mucosa of 87 Caucasian subjects was amplified by PCR, and digested with Eco81I restriction endonuclease. The alleles were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The differences in genotype distribution from those expected by Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and the significance of the differences in observed frequencies of the polymorphism in moderate and severe disease and healthy groups were assessed by the χ2 test.Results: There was a difference in the presence of the different alleles and genotypes among the healthy, moderate and severe periodontitis groups. The allele T was seen at 57.7% in the group with severe periodontitis and 37.8% and 35.4% in the healthy group and moderate periodontitis group, respectively (p=0.0387). The genotype T/T was found at 38.5% in the group with severe periodontitis, and at a frequency of 8% in the healthy group (p=0.0258).Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the polymorphism at bp −509 in the TGF‐β1 promoter may have a small effect on the modulation of the inflammatory process during periodontitis.
Post‐transfusion purpura (PTP) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Authors: Welling Karen‐Lise , Taaning Ellen , Lund Birgit V. , Rosenkvist Jørgen , Heslet Lars 
Published: June 2003

Abstract:A 47‐yr‐old female with acute pancreatitis received four units of fresh frozen plasma because of subtle signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Seven days later, she developed severe thrombocytopenia. Serological studies demonstrated antibodies against HPA‐1a together with pan‐reactive antibodies against platelet glycoproteins (GPIIb‐IIIa, GPIb‐IX and GPIa‐IIa), which was consistent with the diagnosis of PTP. The patient was treated with platelet transfusions, corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) without permanent beneficial effect. After treatment with plasma exchange the platelet count increased to normal values.
Variation in resistance and virulence among demes of a plant host–pathogen metapopulation
Authors: Thrall Peter H. , Burdon Jeremy J. , Young Andrew 
Published: June 2003

Summary Despite the recognition that spatial structure can have major consequences for the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of host–pathogen interactions, few empirical studies have examined how regional processes affect within‐population co‐evolutionary patterns. Considerable variation was detected within and among demes of a metapopulation in the resistance ofLinum marginaleto a range of local isolates of the rustMelampsora lini.Only four resistance phenotypes were common (occurring at an overall frequency of > 5%) and pathogen populations were similarly variable, with five out of 44 virulence phenotypes classified as common. Resistance and virulence structure were related to the occurrence of two distinct ecotypes of the host. Hill populations were consistently more resistant than those in bogs and their pathogen populations more virulent. Allozyme analysis showed a high degree of genetic differentiation between host ecotypes, with fixed allelic differences. Host and pathogen phenotypes were non‐randomly distributed between bog and hill sites. When ecotypic differences were factored out, there was clear evidence of a non‐random spatial distribution of resistance, with nearby populations being more likely to share resistance phenotypes, suggesting at least weak isolation by distance. While still apparent, this effect was much less noticeable in the pathogen populations, indicating significant differences in the spatial scale of dispersal of host and pathogen.
Ozone‐induced bronchial epithelial cytokine expression differs between healthy and asthmatic subjects
Authors: Bosson J. , Stenfors N. , Bucht A. , Helleday R. , Pourazar J. , Holgate S. T. , Kelly F. J. , Sandström T. , Wilson S. , Frew A. J. , Blomberg A. 
Published: June 2003

SummaryBackground Ozone (O3) is a common air pollutant associated with adverse health effects. Asthmatics have been suggested to be a particularly sensitive group.Objective This study evaluated whether bronchial epithelial cytokine expression would differ between healthy and allergic asthmatics after ozone exposure, representing an explanatory model for differences in susceptibility.Methods Healthy and mild allergic asthmatic subjects (using only inhaled β2‐agonists prn) were exposed for 2 h in blinded and randomized sequence to 0.2 ppm of O3 and filtered air. Bronchoscopy with bronchial mucosal biopsies was performed 6 h after exposure. Biopsies were embedded in GMA and stained with mAbs for epithelial expression of IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, TNF‐α, GRO‐α, granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM–CSF), fractalkine and ENA‐78.Results When comparing the two groups at baseline, the asthmatic subjects showed a significantly higher expression of IL‐4 and IL‐5. After O3 exposure the epithelial expression of IL‐5, GM–CSF, ENA‐78 and IL‐8 increased significantly in asthmatics, as compared to healthy subjects.Conclusion The present study confirms a difference in epithelial cytokine expression between mild atopic asthmatics and healthy controls, as well as a differential epithelial cytokine response to O3. This O3‐induced upregulation of T helper type 2 (Th2)‐related cytokines and neutrophil chemoattractants shown in the asthmatic group may contribute to a subsequent worsening of the airway inflammation, and help to explain their differential sensitivity to O3 pollution episodes.
Early endotoxin exposure and atopy development in infants: results of a birth cohort study
Authors: Bolte G. , Bischof W. , Borte M. , Lehmann I. , Wichmann H.‐E. , Heinrich J. ,   for the LISA Study Group
Published: June 2003

SummaryBackground Exposure to endotoxin in childhood is currently discussed to protect from the development of allergic diseases.Objective To study the effect of early endotoxin exposure on incidence of atopic sensitization, atopic dermatitis and wheezing until the age of 2 years in infants with different risk status in terms of parental atopy.Methods Data of 1942 infants of an ongoing birth cohort study were analysed by logistic regression. Endotoxin was measured in settled dust of the mothers' mattresses at infants' age of 3 months. Data on allergic symptoms and physicians' diagnoses were gathered by questionnaire. Sensitization to common food and inhalant allergens was assessed by specific serum IgE.Results High endotoxin levels increased the risk of repeated wheeze [adjusted odds ratio (OR) for 4th exposure quartile (Q4) 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–2.14], but were associated with neither sensitization to food allergens nor atopic dermatitis. Stratification by parental atopy showed that there was an association of endotoxin exposure with incidence of repeated wheeze as well as with sensitization to inhalant allergens (P for trend = 0.008 and 0.044, respectively) only in infants with parental atopy, with the highest risk in the 4th exposure quartile (repeated wheeze: ORQ4 1.77, 95% CI 1.14–2.73; sensitization to inhalant allergens: ORQ4 1.69, 95% CI 0.70–4.11).Conclusion Early endotoxin exposure in terms of mattress dust endotoxin levels seemed to increase the risk of atopic reactions to inhalant allergens at the age of 2 years, especially in infants at risk due to parental atopy. Our data disagree with an early protective effect of endotoxin on atopy development until the age of 2 years.
Normative data for total serum immunoglobulin E measurements in children of three ethnicities
Authors: Chan E. Y. , McKenzie S. A. 
Published: June 2003

SummaryBackground It is about 20 years since IgE measurements were published for children without atopic disease. It is possible that the recent increase in atopic disease is reflected in altered measurements in subjects who have no clinical expression of atopy. If the measurement of IgE is to be used as a marker for atopy to characterize disease categories, contemporary normative data must be available.Objective To measure total serum IgE in healthy children of three ethnicities born and living in an inner city environment.Methods Subjects were aged 1 to ≤ 12 years, of Afro‐Caribbean, Bangladeshi and white British ethnicities, with no personal history of current atopic disease. An extra 1 mL of blood for the measurement of total serum IgE was collected when blood was taken for other purposes or when a surgical procedure was being undertaken.Results Measurements were taken from 151 boys (median age 5.4 years) and 106 girls (median age 6.0 years), who included 127 Bangladeshis, 58 Afro‐Caribbeans and 72 white British children. Measurements increased with age but were not related to gender or ethnicity. The data were significantly higher than previous measurements by sixfold.Conclusion These contemporary normative data allow the generation of z scores for total IgE measurements for clinical or epidemiological use.
Relationships of allergic sensitization, total immunoglobulin E and blood eosinophils to asthma severity in children of the EGEA Study
Authors: Siroux V. , Oryszczyn M.‐P. , Paty E. , Kauffmann F. , Pison C. , Vervloet D. , Pin I. 
Published: June 2003

SummaryBackground Although allergy is highly associated with childhood asthma, it is not well known if there is a relationship between the intensity of allergic sensitization and asthma severity.Objective The objectives of the study were to examine the relationships between several markers of allergy and asthma severity in asthmatic children included in the Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma, bronchial hyper‐responsiveness and atopy (EGEA).Methods The population comprised 216 asthmatic children below 16 years of age. Total IgE and blood eosinophil counts were measured and skin prick tests to 11 aeroallergens were performed. The intensity of the allergic sensitization was assessed by the number of positive skin prick tests and by skin weal sizes. Asthma severity was measured with four criteria: a clinical severity score, history of hospitalization for asthma, FEV1% predicted and inhaled steroid use in the last 12 months.Results Most of the children were sensitized to at least one aeroallergen (88.2%). Atopy was not related to the severity of asthma, except for a tendency for a more severe clinical score in non‐atopic children. The type and intensity of the allergic sensitization were not associated with any criteria of asthma severity. Total IgE was significantly increased in children treated with inhaled corticosteroids and in children ever hospitalized for asthma (P‐values 0.009 and 0.04, respectively). Eosinophil counts were not related to asthma severity.Conclusion Our results suggest that severe childhood asthma may be related to a high level of total IgE but not to blood eosinophil counts. The lack of positive relationships between both atopy and the intensity of allergic sensitization with asthma severity supports the hypothesis of different risk factors being associated with asthma and with the severity of asthma.
Bronchial responsiveness to adenosine‐5′‐monophosphate and methacholine as predictors for nasal symptoms due to newly introduced allergens. A follow‐up study among laboratory animal workers and bakery apprentices
Authors: De Meer G. , Postma D. S. , Heederik D. 
Published: June 2003

SummaryBackground In asthma patients, bronchial hyper‐responsiveness (BHR) to adenosine‐5′‐monophosphate (AMP) reflects bronchial inflammation more closely than BHR to methacholine. In this follow‐up study we studied bronchial responsiveness to both stimuli as predictors of new‐onset airway symptoms.Methods We included 118 laboratory animal workers and bakery apprentices with a work experience of maximally 1 year. The baseline survey comprised a questionnaire, skin prick tests (SPTs) to common and work allergens, blood eosinophil counting, and bronchial challenge with methacholine and AMP. At follow‐up, questionnaire and SPTs to work allergens were repeated. Airway symptoms to common allergens and work allergens were defined as nasal symptoms, chest tightness or asthma attack during or after contact with either common or work allergen. Bronchial challenge tests were analysed by BHR at a 15% fall in forced expiratory volume of 1 s (FEV1), and by dose–response‐slope (DRS).Results Fourteen subjects (12%) developed airway symptoms to work allergens, of whom 12 had nasal symptoms. A positive SPT to work allergens occurred in 64%, and was the strongest predictor of airway symptoms [relative risk (RR) 7.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0–28.6]. Other predictors were airway symptoms to common allergens (RR 4.3, 95% CI 1.4–12.8), blood hypereosinophilia (RR 4.4, 95% CI 1.2–15.4) and BHR, with a slightly higher risk estimate for AMP than for methacholine (RRAMP 3.7, 95% CI 1.1–12.5 and RRmeth 2.8, 95% CI 1.0–8.5). The difference was more distinct analysing airway responsiveness by DRS, for which AMP predicted symptoms better than methacholine (P < 0.05).Conclusions Pre‐existent bronchial inflammation or a preinflammatory state marked by AMP (hyper)responsiveness increases the vulnerability to develop nasal symptoms.