bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Linezolid against Methicillin-Resistant or Vancomycin-Insensitive
Staphylococcus aureus
in a Model of Hematogenous Pulmonary Infection
Authors: Yanagihara Katsunori , Kaneko Yukihiro , Sawai Toyomitsu , Miyazaki Yoshitsugu , Tsukamoto Kazuhiro , Hirakata Yoichi , Tomono Kazunori , Kadota Jun-Ichi , Tashiro Takayoshi , Murata Ikuo , Kohno Shigeru 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT

We investigated the activities of linezolid, vancomycin, and teicoplanin in a murine model of hematogenous pulmonary infection with
Staphylococcus aureus
. Our results demonstrate that linezolid clearly reduced bacterial numbers in the methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
hematogenous infection model and significantly improved the survival rate of immunocompromised mice infected with vancomycin-insensitive
S. aureus
compared with vancomycin and teicoplanin. The pharmacokinetic profiles also reflected the effectiveness of linezolid.
In Vitro Activities of Investigational Triazoles againstFusariumSpecies: Effects of Inoculum Size and Incubation Time on Broth Microdilution Susceptibility Test Results
Authors: Paphitou Niki I. , Ostrosky-Zeichner Luis , Paetznick Victor L. , Rodriguez Jose R. , Chen Enuo , Rex John H. 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACTWe studied the effects of inoculum size and incubation time on the susceptibility testing results for various antifungal agents against 22Fusariumisolates by the NCCLS microdilution method. Increased inoculum size and extended incubation time resulted in elevated MICs. Posaconazole and voriconazole exhibited promising antifungal activities.
Antimicrobial Properties of Milk: Dependence on Presence of Xanthine Oxidase and Nitrite
Authors: Hancock John T. , Salisbury Vyv , Ovejero-Boglione Maria Cristina , Cherry Robert , Hoare Catherine , Eisenthal Robert , Harrison Roger 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT

Human and bovine milk inhibited the metabolic activity of
Escherichia coli
, as shown by luminescence monitoring of constructs expressing the
luxCDABE
genes. Inhibition was dependent on both xanthine oxidase (XO) activity and on the presence of nitrite, implying that XO-generated nitric oxide functions as an antibacterial agent.
Inhibition of Secretion of Interleukin-1α and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha by the Ketolide Antibiotic Telithromycin
Authors: Araujo Fausto G. , Slifer Teri L. , Remington Jack S. 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT
The antibiotic telithromycin was examined for its effect on secretion of interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocytes of eight human donors. Secretion of each cytokine was significantly increased by LPS alone, whereas treatment with telithromycin significantly inhibited secretion of IL-1α and TNF-α but not secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10. Telithromycin had immunomodulatory effects as a result of alteration of secretion of IL-1α and TNF-α by monocytes.
Effects of Clarithromycin and Amoxicillin on Gastric Emptying in Rats
Authors: Endo Hiromi , Yoshida Hideo , Kohno Yoshiro , Suga Tetsuya 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT

The effects of oral administration of clarithromycin (CLR), amoxicillin (AMX), and lansoprazole (LPZ) on gastric emptying in rats were investigated by a glass powder method and a phenol red method. By both test methods, no significant effects on gastric emptying were observed when CLR, AMX, or LPZ was administered alone or when the three drugs were administered concomitantly. The levels of gastrointestinal absorption of [
14
C]CLR and [
14
C]AMX were measured. Four hours after injection of [
14
C]CLR or [
14
C]AMX into the stomach and duodenum loops of rats, 86.63 and 1.27% of the original amount of [
14
C]CLR administered were recovered in the contents of the stomach and duodenum loops, respectively, and 80.01 and 55.88% of the original amount of [
14
C]AMX administered were recovered in the contents of the stomach and duodenum loops, respectively.
Ultralogics and probability models
Authors: Herrmann Robert A. 
Published: September 2002

We show how nonstandard consequence operators, ultralogics, can generate the general informational content displayed by probability models. In particular, a probability
model that predicts that a specific single event will occur and those models that predict that a specific distribution of events will occur.Erratum to “Ultralogics and probability models”dx.doi.org/10.1155/IJMMS/2006/37407
Some remarks on the stability analysis in Robe′s three body problem
Authors: Meire R. 
Published: September 2002

An improved technique is presented for the stability analysis of Robe′s 3‐body problem which gives more accurate results for the transition curves in the parameter plane than does Robe′s paper.A novel property of the system of differential equations describing the motion is used, which reduces the computer time by more than 50%.
On a variation of Sands′ method
Authors: Obaid Evelyn E. 
Published: September 2002

A subset of a finite additive abelian group G is a Z‐set if for all a ∈ G, na ∈ G for all n ∈ Z. The group G is called “Z‐good” if in every factorization G = A ⊕ B, where A and B are Z‐sets at least one factor is periodic. Otherwise G is called “Z‐bad.”The purpose of this paper is to investigate factorizations of finite ablian groups which arise from a variation of Sands′ method. A necessary condition is given for a factorization G = A ⊕ B, where A and B are Z‐sets, to be obtained by this variation. An example is provided to show that this condition is not sufficient. It is also shown that in general all factorizations G = A ⊕ B, where A and B are Z‐sets, of a “Z‐good” group do not arise from this variation of Sands′ method.
On the Affine Weyl group of type
Authors: Albar Muhammad A. 
Published: September 2002

We study in this paper the affine Weyl group of type , [1]. Coxeter [1] showed that this group is infinite. We see in Bourbaki [2] that is a split extension of Sn, the symmetric group of degree n, by a group of translations and of lattice of weights. is one of the crystallographic Coxeter groups considered by Maxwell [3], [4].We prove the following:THEOREM 1. is a split extension of Sn by the direct product of (n − 1) copies of Z.THEOREM 2. The group is soluble of derived length 3, is soluble of derived length 4. For n > 4, the second derived group coincides with the first and so is not soluble for n > 4.THEOREM 3. The center of is trivial for n ≥ 3.
Vieta′s triangular array and a related family of polynomials
Authors: Robbins Neville 
Published: September 2002

If n ≥ 1, let the nth row of an infinite triangular array consist of entries
, where .We develop some properties of this array, which was discovered by Vieta. In addition, we prove
some irreducibility properties of the family of polynomials .These polynomials, which we call Vieta polynomials, are related to Chebychev polynomials of the
first kind.
An SIRS epidemic model of Japanese Encephalitis
Authors: Mukhopadhyay B. B. , Tapaswi P. K. 
Published: September 2002

An epidemiological model of the dynamics of Japanese Encephalitis (J.E.) spread coupling the SIRS (Susceptible/Infected/Removal/Susceptible) models of J.E. spread in the reservoir population and in the human population has been proposed. The basic reproductive rate R(0) in the coupled system has been worked out. Using Aron′s results (cf. [1] and [2]), it has been observed that the disease‐free system is stable in this coupled system also, if R(0) is less than unity, and if R(0) is greater than unity, the disease‐free system is unstable and there exists a unique stable endemic equilibrium.The model also shows that in contrast to Aron′s observations, loss of immunity is independent of the rate of exposure to the disease. This observation sheds light on the control measure of J.E. by vaccination. Passive immunization, i.e., administration of antibody at recurrent intervals is the correct method of vaccination to eradicate the disease.
Solutions to Lyapunov stability problems: nonlinear systems with continuous motions
Authors: Grujić Ljubomir T. 
Published: September 2002

The necessary and sufficient conditions for accurate construction of a Lyapunov function and the necessary and sufficient conditions for a set to be the asymptotic stability domain are algorithmically solved for a nonlinear dynamical system with continuous motions. The conditions are established by utilizing properties of o‐uniquely bounded sets, which are explained in the paper. They allow arbitrary selection of an o‐uniquely bounded set to generate a Lyapunov function.Simple examples illustrate the theory and its applications.
Some fixed points of expansion mappings
Authors: Pathak H. K. , Kang S. M. , Ryu J. W. 
Published: September 2002

Wang et al. [11] proved some fixed point theorems on expansion mappings, which correspond some contractive mappings. Recently, several authors generalized their results by some ways.In this paper, we give some fixed point theorems for expansion mappings, which improve the results of some authors.
Prediction of lobe growth and decay in centreless grinding based on geometric considerations
Authors: Harrison A J L , Pearce T R A 
Published: September 2002

The growth and decay of lobes during centreless grinding have been studied by previous researchers using physical tests, time-domain simulation and identification of the roots of the Laplace transform of the characteristic equation. In this paper, the authors have extended these latter two methods to generate complete stability diagrams encompassing the entire practical range of machine set-up angles. These diagrams indicate that by varying the set-up angles in a prescribed manner during grinding, rapid rounding of arbitrarily lobed components can be achieved. This is verified via time-domain simulation. Secondly, a novel and arguably more intuitive method of predicting the lobe growth and decay during centreless grinding is presented. The method considers the locations of the three points of contact between a lobed workpiece and the regulating wheel, the support plate and the grinding wheel. Axial symmetry is assumed. A unique circle can be drawn through these three points. The centre and radius of this circle vary continually as the workpiece rotates, in a manner dependent upon the workpiece's profile and the set-up angles. An above-average instantaneous radius leads, via machine stiffness, to a correspondingly larger grinding force and so to an increased instantaneous depth of cut. If this occurs when the trough of a lobe is being ground, the trough will become deeper and lobe growth will result. By contrast, if the instantaneous radius is below average when the trough is being ground, the lobe will decay. From this simple geometric consideration, the authors have calculated the rates of decay and growth of a range of numbers of lobes, across a wide range of set-up angles. The results are shown to agree well with those given using the previous methods.
Modifying therapeutic homework for patients with personality disorders
Authors: Freeman Arthur , Rosenfield Brad 
Published: September 2002

AbstractGeneralizing therapeutic gains made during therapy sessions to patients' daily lives is the most fundamental goal of psychotherapy. Assigning between‐session homework is an efficient method to teach new skills and to generalize those skills to the patient's natural environment. Given the persistent, chronic, and pervasive nature of the problems presented by the individual with a personality disorder, homework is not merely recommended but is an important and essential part of the therapeutic work. This article discusses modifying homework for personality‐disordered patients in the context of a literature review and case examples from the various Personality Disorder Clusters. Also offered are a number of techniques to overcome patient “resistance.” © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 58: 513–524, 2002.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe spPABP, a homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pab1p, is a non‐essential, shuttling protein that facilitates mRNA export
Authors: Thakurta Anjan G. , Ho Yoon Jin , Dhar Ravi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPoly(A)‐binding proteins play important roles in mRNA metabolism in eukaryotic cells. We examined the role of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae poly(A)‐binding protein, Pab1p, in cellular growth and mRNA export. In contrast to PAB1, the sppabp gene is not essential for cellular viability. Like the human hPABP1 protein, spPABP is cytoplasmically localized and can shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. We found that a spPABP–GFP fusion protein expressed from a multicopy plasmid could suppress the growth and mRNA export defect of rae1‐16 7 nup184‐1 synthetic lethal mutations. However, about 20–25% of cells in the population exhibited a pronounced nuclear accumulation of poly(A)+ RNA. The same cells also localized the spPABP–GFP fusion to the nucleus, suggesting that the shuttling ability of spPABP is related to its function in mRNA export. When a heterologous nuclear export activity from spMex67p was fused to spPABP–GFP fusion protein, it overcame the nuclear retention but did not increase nuclear mRNA export. We discuss the implications of these observations in relation to how spPABP could function in mRNA export. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interdecadal variability in north‐east Australian tropical cyclone formation
Authors: Grant Andrew P. , Walsh Kevin J. E. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractInterdecadal variability in north‐east Australian regional tropical cyclone formation is investigated. It is found that mean tropical cyclone formation is significantly higher during positive phases of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) than during negative phases. This is related to changes in vertical wind shear in the north‐east Australian region. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society.
Immunoelectron microscopic localization of cytochrome P‐450 isoenzyme CYP4A1 in liver, ileum and kidney of nafenopin treated male rats.
Authors: Persohn Elke , Thomas Helmut , Waechter Felix 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA monoclonal antibody raised against and specific for cytochrome P‐450 isoenzyme CYP4A1 was used to investigate the subcellular distribution of this enzyme in the liver, kidney and ileum of nafenopin treated rats by means of immunoelectron microscopy. In the liver and kidney, labelling was restricted to peroxisomes and mitochondria of hepatocytes and proximal tubular epithelial cells whereas in ileum, immunolabelling was exclusively detected in mitochondria of absorptive cells.
Inward‐directed current generated by the Na+,K+ pump in Na+‐ and K+‐free medium
Authors: Efthymiadis Athina , Rettinger Jürgen , Schwarz Wolfgang 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn Na+‐ and K+‐free solution, an inward‐directed current can be detected in Xenopus oocytes, which is inhibited by cardic glycosides and activated by ATP. Therefore, it is assumed to be generated by the Na+, K+ pump. At negative membrane potentials, the pump current increases with more negative potentials and with increasing [H+] in the external medium. This current is not observed when Mg2+ instead of Ba2+ is the only divalent cation present in the bath medium, and it does not depend on whether Na+ or K+ is present internally. At 5 to 10 mM Na+ externally, maximum pump‐generated current is obtained while no current can be detected in presence of physiological [Na+]. It is suggested that in low‐Na+ and K+‐free medium the Na+, K+ pump molecule can either form a conductive pathway that is permeable to Ba2+ or protons or operate in its conventional transport mode accepting Ba2+ as a K+ congener. A reversed pump mode or an electrogenic uncoupled Na+‐efflux mode is excluded.
Inhibition of an endogenous growth‐related proteinase enhances the recovery of a negative growth regulator from cultured human cells.
Authors: Manilal Sushila , Scott G. Kenneth , Tse Cynthia A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe possibility that a growth‐related proteinase may act by degrading a negative growth regulatory protein has been investigated. Proteinase inhibitors which inhibit the enzyme also enhance the accumulation of the growth regulator by human fibroblasts. The negative growth regulator shows a similar specificity of inhibition of cellular growth to inhibitors of the growth‐related proteinase.
Induction of cell expansion of goldfish melanocytoma cells (GMM‐1) by epinephrine and dexamethasone requires external calcium.
Authors: Shih Yung‐Luen , Lo Szecheng J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTreatment of GMM‐1 (a goldfish melanocytoma cell line) cells with epinephrine induced a rapid cell expansion (flattening of cells, extension and broadening of cellular processes) similar to the effect of dexamethasone reported previously (Shih et al., 1990). Studies on the possible involvement of secondary messengers in cell expansion indicated that (i) both 8‐bromo‐CAMP and forskolin caused cell shrinking (the opposite of cell expansion); (ii) TPA also caused cell shrinking; (iii) phospholipid derivatives, such as 1,2‐dioctanoyl‐sn‐glycerol, lysophosphatidic acid, and arachidonic acid caused cell expansion; and (iv) EGTA (calcium chelator) and nifedipine (calcium channel blocker) inhibited the effect of epinephrine. Together with the previous findings, these observations indicate that epinephrine and dexamethasone may share a common pathway in triggering an external calcium influx to cause cell expansion. The results of the effects of epinephrine agonists and antagonists, together with those of other workers, also show that there are multiple isoforms of adrenoceptor in the goldfish.
Studies on bcl‐2 protein in cultured lymphoid cells.
Authors: Filip Agata , Rożynkowa Danuta 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACTBc1‐2 protein was analysed in cell cultures derived from non‐Hodgkin lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients. The presence of bc1‐2 proto‐oncogene protein product has been demonstrated on cytospin preparations utilising immunochemical methods. The correlation between the expression of the bc1‐2 protein and the appearance of proliferation‐ or differentiation related figures was studied. The reported bc1‐2 up regulation in malignant lymphoid cells was confirmed in haemo‐ and lymphopoietic progenitor cells as well as in TPA/PHA activated peripheral blood lymphocytes. In comparison to neoplastic cells lower intensity of bc1‐2 positive staining in freshly isolated cells from non‐leukaemic tissue was observed.
Macronuclear DNA demethylation is involved in the encystment process of the ciliate Colpoda inflata.
Authors: Palacios Gemma , Martin‐Gonzalez A. , Gutierrez Juan C. 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACTCiliate encystment is an eukaryotic cell differentiation process which involves a specific gene expression, to form the resting stage. In this study, we investigate, for first time, the DNA methylation pattern changes during encystment in the ciliate Colpoda inflata, and the 5‐azacytidine effect on growing cells and encystment. Results indicate that 5‐methylcytosine is present in macronuclear DNA of this ciliate and the 5‐azacytidine treatment induces encystment in growth conditions. From restriction enzyme digestion and 5‐azacytidine experiments, we conclude that a specific DNA demethylation is probably involved in the encystment gene expression of this ciliate.
Adhesion molecule expression and infiltrating maternal leucocyte phenotypes during blastocyst implantation in the pig
Authors: Whyte Anthony , Binns Richard M. 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACTDuring the implantation period (days 14 to 30 post coitum) in Large White pigs substantial numbers of endometrial sub‐epithelial leucocytes were observed from about day 18 p.c. These were predominantly MHC Class II+, CD45+ and reactive for an accessory cell determinant carried by polymorphs and macrophages. Maternal lymphocytes of the CD2+, CD4−, CD8−, and a γδTcR+ subtype identified by the mAb 86D, were also present. Few CD4+, CD8+, or double‐positive lymphocytes were seen. CD2−CD4−CD8− γδTcR+ "Null" cells were seen in stroma adjacent to endometrial glands, as were CD2+ lymphocytes. There was no apparent upregulation of CD18, VLA‐4 or CD25. E‐selectin could not be detected on endothelium within uterine tissues or on trophectoderm, nor was a ligand for L‐selectin detectable. The luminal aspect of the uterine epithelium was strongly reactive with anti‐CD15 mAb, which was specifically blocked by lacto‐N‐fucopentaose III, indicating the presence of the LewisX determinant.
Polyamines and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase expression In KM 3 pre‐B cell line during phorbol ester induced differentiation.
Authors: Stabellini Giordano , Rapino Monica , Di Primio Roberto , Trubiani Oriana 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe aliphatic polyamines, putrescine, spermine and spermidine belong to a category of molecules implicated in DNA replication. Their synthesis is strongly activated during the G1 period and they have been implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. Terminal transferase is a DNA polymerase present in pre‐T and pre‐B cells and its expression can be modulated by phorbol ester treatment. In this study we have monitored the relationship of intracellular polyamine levels with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase down‐regulation induced by 12‐0‐tetradecanoyl phorbol myristate 13‐acetate treatment in the human pre‐B KM‐3 cell line. Phorbol myristate acetate can cause an increase, at 4 and 8 hours of differentiation, of intracellular levels of putrescine as well as a decrease in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase synthesis showing the probable involvement that polyamines have in the differentiation process.
Differences in the motility of Amoeba proteus isolated fragments are determined by F‐actin arrangement and cell nucleus presence
Authors: Greȩbecka Lucyna , Pomorski Pawel , Łopatowska Anna 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIsolated fragments produced by bisection of Amoeba proteus differ by their position in the original cell and by the presence or absence of the cell nucleus. Immediately after the operation, both types of anterior fragments preserve the former motory polarity, and do not interrupt locomotion. In the same time, all posterior fragments stop, round up and fail to react stimuli. In the second phase of experiment, these anterior fragments, which had no nucleus ceased to move, whereas the nucleated posterior ones resumed locomotion.It was demonstrated, that the behaviour of a fragment is primarily determined by the peripheral F‐actin distribution, which is different depending on the origin of the fragment either from the anterior or from the posterior cell region. Later, the "inherited" F‐actin distribution may be stabilized or reorganized in the presence of the nucleus, or desorganized in its absence.
Leucocyte involvement in lectin‐induced deciduomata formation
Authors: Shaw Timothy J. , Murphy Christopher R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIntra‐uterine injection of the lectin Concanavalin A (ConA) on day 5 of PSP induced a rapid and persistent infiltration of leucocytes into the rat uterine stroma. Although the infiltration of leucocytes was witnessed along the entire length of the uterine horn, areas of stromal oedema, indicative of decidualisation (as indicated by the positive Pontamine Sky Blue reaction), were only associated with regions in which the movement of leucocytes across the uterine epithelium was evident. Epithelial disruption and trauma was frequently noted within these regions. We believe that ConA may initiate decidualisation through indirectly causing epithelial trauma.