bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating a non-gridded space representation into a graph neural networks model for citywide short-term crash risk prediction
Authors: Jurado Martins de Oliveira Gabriel , Lavieri Patricia Sauri , Cunha Andre Luiz 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCurrent applications of Graph Neural Networks in citywide short-term crash risk prediction have been limited by a gridded representation of space, which restricts the network’s capability to effectively capture the spatial and temporal dependency of crash occurrences. In addition, a grided representation does not match most geographic units used for administrative purposes, limiting the use of crash risk predictions by practitioners. This paper applies a gated localised diffusion graph neural network (GLDNet) model to compare the use of two alternative geographic units, Mesh Block (MB) and grid, to forecast locations where crashes are likely to occur in a future time window. The GLDNet relies on a graph-based representation of geographic units and a weighted loss function to address the sparsity of crash occurrences. The tests are performed using crash data from the City of Melbourne, Australia, over a period of one year. The predictions are made at six-hour intervals, and the results show that the GLDNet consistently outperforms baseline methods, with differences in prediction accuracy from 10% to 21% in relation to historical average and benchmark deep learning models. In terms of geographic units, the MB-based GLDNet performed better than its grid counterpart, with differences in prediction accuracy of up to 12.3%. The better performance stems from the underlying information attached to the MB units (i.e., land use) and the network properties (i.e., degree of centrality), which enhance the GLDNet capability to identify crash risk in both central and peripherical areas. Regarding its applicability, the MB-based GLDNet directly integrates with other data sources, which provides contextual information about crash hotspots that helps decision-makers develop police patrolling and rescuing strategies.
Perspective: nanoscale electric sensing and imaging based on quantum sensors
Authors: Zhang Shichen , Bian Ke , Jiang Ying 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere is a rich of electric phenomena ubiquitously existing in novel quantum materials and advanced electronic devices. Microscopic understanding of the underlying physics relies on the sensitive and quantitative measurements of the electric field, electric current, electric potential, and other related physical quantities with a spatial resolution down to nanometers. Combined with a scanning probe microscope (SPM), the emergent quantum sensors of atomic/nanometer size provide promising platforms for imaging various electric parameters with a sensitivity beyond a single electron/charge. In this perspective, we introduce the working principle of such newly developed technologies, which are based on the strong sensitivity of quantum systems to external disturbances. Then we review the recent applications of those quantum sensors in nanoscale electric sensing and imaging, including a discussion of their privileges over conventional SPM techniques. Finally, we propose some promising directions for the future developments and optimizations of quantum sensors in nanoscale electric sensing and imaging.
Experimental 3D super-localization with Laguerre–Gaussian modes
Authors: Hu Chenyu , Xu Liang , Wang Ben , Li Zhiwen , Zhang Yipeng , Zhang Yong , Zhang Lijian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractImproving three-dimensional (3D) localization precision is of paramount importance for super-resolution imaging. By properly engineering the point spread function (PSF), such as utilizing Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes and their superposition, the ultimate limits of 3D localization precision can be enhanced. However, achieving these limits is challenging, as it often involves complicated detection strategies and practical limitations. In this work, we rigorously derive the ultimate 3D localization limits of LG modes and their superposition, specifically rotation modes, in the multi-parameter estimation framework. Our findings reveal that a significant portion of the information required for achieving 3D super-localization of LG modes can be obtained through feasible intensity detection. Moreover, the 3D ultimate precision can be achieved when the azimuthal index l is zero. To provide a proof-of-principle demonstration, we develop an iterative maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) algorithm that converges to the 3D position of a point source, considering the pixelation and detector noise. The experimental implementation exhibits an improvement of up to two-fold in lateral localization precision and up to twenty-fold in axial localization precision when using LG modes compared to Gaussian mode. We also showcase the superior axial localization capability of the rotation mode within the near-focus region, effectively overcoming the limitations encountered by single LG modes. Notably, in the presence of realistic aberration, the algorithm robustly achieves the Cramér-Rao lower bound. Our findings provide valuable insights for evaluating and optimizing the achievable 3D localization precision, which will facilitate the advancements in super-resolution microscopy.
Recycling alkali activated slag into artificial aggregate: Influence of particle size distribution of the starting material on granulation
Authors: Kursula Kalle , Illikainen Mirja , Perumal Priyadharshini 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWet granulation is a potential method to develop artificial aggregates. In this paper, the granulation of recycled alkali-activated slag powders with different particle size (d50 ranging between 12.9–127.7 μm) distributions were investigated in order to find how these affect on the engineering properties of the artificial aggregates. Blast furnace slag was added as co-binder in 10–30 wt. % during the granulation process and to enhance the properties, especially mechanical strength. The results show that the particle size of the raw material significantly affects the engineering properties of the produced aggregates, such as the crushing force (19–131.8 N), bulk density, water absorption, porosity and microstructure of the granules. The results show that granulation is a promising method to recycle alkali-activated materials as lightweight aggregates to replace natural aggregates.
Graphical Abstract
Development of a design space for dissimilar materials joining in aerospace applications
Authors: Ahmad Khan S. , Liaqat H. , Akram F. , Ali Khan H. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This research paper presents an application of the integrated process and product design (IPPD) approach for selecting the best joint configuration for dissimilar material joining in the early product design phase. The proposed methodology integrates the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach with quality function deployment (QFD) to identify the key criteria for joint selection, including load-carrying capacity, size, cost per joint, ease of manufacturing, time consumption and deformation. Three types of joints (rivet, weld and adhesive) and two hybrid joints (adhesive-weld and adhesive-rivet) are considered for three dissimilar material configurations: carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) aluminum, CFRP steel, and aluminum-steel. QFD is utilised to transform job requirements into design criteria, and in the second phase, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is employed to choose the optimal joint configuration based on the weighted criteria acquired in the previous phase. The selected joint configuration is then validated through experimental study. The findings demonstrate that the proposed IPPD approach with QFD-TOPSIS techniques is highly effective for selecting mechanical joints for dissimilar material joining in the early design phase. The study concludes that the adhesive-rivet hybrid joint is the optimal solution among all alternatives. The proposed methodology can ultimately lead to improved product reliability and performance, as well as reduced development time and cost.
Adapting to a Pandemic: Web-Based Residency Training and Script Concordance Testing in Emergency Medicine During COVID-19
Authors: Naylor Katarzyna , Chrzanowska-Wąsik Maja , Okońska Patrycja , Kucmin Tomasz , Al-Wathinani Ahmed M. , Goniewicz Krzysztof 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective:
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic necessitated alternative methods to ensure the continuity of medical education. Our study explores the efficacy and acceptability of a digital continuous medical education initiative for medical residents during this challenging period.

Methods:
From September to December 2020, 47 out of 60 enrolled trainee doctors participated in this innovative digital Continuous Medical Education (CME) approach. We utilized the Script Concordance Test to bolster clinical reasoning skills. Three simulation scenarios, namely Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS), Advanced Life Support (ALS), and European Paediatric Life Support (EPLS), were transformed into interactive online sessions via Zoom™. Participant feedback was also collected through a survey.

Results:
Consistent Script Concordance Testing (SCT) scores among participants indicated the effectiveness of the online training module. Feedback suggested a broad acceptance of this novel training approach. However, discrepancies observed between formative SCT scores, and summative Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQ) assessments highlighted areas for potential refinement.

Conclusions:
Our findings showcase the resilience and adaptability of medical education amidst challenges like the global pandemic. The success of methodologies such as SCT, endorsed by prestigious bodies like the European Resuscitation Council and the American Heart Association, suggests their potential in preparing health care professionals for emergent situations. This research offers valuable insights for shaping future online CME strategies.
Modelled frontal ablation and velocities at Kronebreen, Svalbard, are sensitive to the choice of submarine melt rate scenario
Authors: Holmes Felicity Alice , van Dongen Eef , Kirchner Nina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Both submarine melt and calving are important for the overall mass balance of marine-terminating glaciers, but uncertainty is rife with regards to the magnitude of the processes. Modelling allows for these processes to be investigated without the need to visit inaccessible ice marginal zones. This study looks at the impact of different submarine melt and sea-ice back pressure scenarios on modelled calving activity and dynamics at Kronebreen, Svalbard, by running separate summer and winter simulations with various submarine melt parameterisations and sea-ice characteristics. It is found that submarine melt is an important driver of seasonal variation in modelled glacier dynamics and calving activity, with the choice of sliding law also exerting a significant influence on results.
On -unramified extensions over imaginary quadratic fields
Authors: Kim Kwang-Seob , König Joachim 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLet
$n$
be an integer congruent to
$0$
or
$3$
modulo
$4$
. Under the assumption of the ABC conjecture, we prove that, given any integer
$m$
fulfilling only a certain coprimeness condition, there exist infinitely many imaginary quadratic fields having an everywhere unramified Galois extension of group
$A_n \times C_m$
. The same result is obtained unconditionally in special cases.
The Young Marx on Feudalism as the Democracy of Unfreedom
Authors: Halikias Dimitrios 
Published: November 2023

AbstractKarl Marx consistently contrasts the alienation and egoism of bourgeois, capitalist society with the holism and intimacy of medieval feudalism. In his critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of right, he cryptically terms medievalism the ‘democracy of unfreedom’, arguing that feudalism embodied an integration of political and economic life that the fragmented modern constitutional state abandons. Focusing on writings from the early 1840s, this article examines Marx’s account of feudalism to better understand his early democratic theory and its relationship to his account of human emancipation. While Marx rejects feudal nostalgia and insists on the revolutionary progress brought by capitalism and liberal constitutionalism, he nonetheless believes that medievalism models a partial unity of political and economic life that ‘true democracy’ will restore and radicalize.
The effect of spring grass availability and silage supplementation on dairy cow performance and dry matter intake during early lactation
Authors: Walsh Sarah , Delaby Luc , Kennedy Michael , McKay Zoe , O'Donovan Michael , Fleming Christina , Egan Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of level and timing of silage supplementation during early lactation on animal performance and dry matter intake (DMI). Two farm-lets were established with a high (1253 kg DM/ha) and low (862 kg DM/ha) grass availability at turnout. In spring, cows were assigned to one of two treatments as they calved over 2 years; high grass (HG) and low grass (LG). During period 1 (week 1–6), cows on the HG treatment were offered a high daily herbage allowance (DHA) with low silage and the LG treatment were offered a low DHA with high silage. In period 2 (week 7–12), half of the cows from the HG treatment in P1 switched to the LG treatment in P2 and vice versa as 20 LG cows in P1 switched to the HG treatment in P2. Cows on the HG treatment in P2 received a high DHA with no silage and the LG treatment received a low DHA with 3 kg DM/cow silage. Grass DMI was significantly higher for the HG treatment during both periods (+1.6 and +3.4 kg DM/cow/day, respectively). The HG treatment produced +0.9 kg milk/cow/day and had a higher protein concentration (+1.1 g/kg milk) compared to cows on the LG treatment during period 2. Differences in animal performance observed in period 2 were maintained throughout the 8-week carryover period.
Breeding in an agricultural landscape: conservation actions increase nest survival in a ground-nesting bird
Authors: Kiss Ádám , Végvári Zsolt , Kubelka Vojtěch , Monoki Ákos , Kapocsi István , Gőri Szilvia , Székely Tamás 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAgricultural intensification has affected wildlife across Europe, triggering steep declines and regional extinctions of farmland birds. Effective conservation activities are essential for the preservation of biodiversity in an agricultural landscape, but current efforts have not succeeded in halting these declines. Here we investigate a ground-nesting shorebird, the collared pratincole Glareola pratincola, which has shifted its habitat use in Central Europe over the last 20 years from alkaline grasslands to intensively managed agricultural fields. We show that nesting success was different between three agricultural habitat types, with the highest nesting success in fallow lands and the lowest in row crops. Nesting success was also associated with the timing of breeding and breeding density, as nests produced early in the breeding season and those in high-breeding-density areas hatched more successfully than those produced later in the season and at low density. We implemented direct conservation measures including marking nests and negotiating with farmers to avoid cultivating the field between nest markers, controlling nest predators and, most recently, creating suitable nesting sites and foraging areas for pratincoles. As a result of these conservation actions, nest survival increased from 11.2% to 83.5% and the size of the breeding population increased from 13 to 56 pairs during 2012–2021. Thus, we show that agricultural landscapes can continue to provide suitable habitats, and targeted conservation actions have the potential to reverse the declines of farmland species.
Revisiting jīng 椋 on the ancient Korean Peninsula
Authors: Xu Ye , Kwon In-han 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article presents relevant data on the usage of the sinograph jīng 椋 and revisits its origin and lexical form on the basis of textual examination, using primary sources from China, Korea and Japan. The authors conclude that jīng 椋, and its variants jīng, jīng 稤 and the miscopied form lǜe 掠, originated from its radical character jīng 京, meaning “warehouse, granary”, and that jīng 椋 was widely used in Koguryŏ, Paekche, Silla and Japan. Historical documents during the Koryŏ period also attest to the use of jīng 椋. The authors have reconstructed the lexical form of jīng 椋 as the disyllabic pre-Old Korean **kuL.raH in Paekche and **koL.raH in Silla, and the monosyllabic Old Korean *kolR as a Sillaic substratum that underwent the syllabic contraction and liquid change **-r- > *-l, that is **koL.raH > *kolR. The Western Old Japanese kun'yomi of jīng 椋, kura, is a loan from pre-Old Korean **kuL/koL.raH that took place before the eighth century.
Impact of unconditional cash transfers on household livelihood outcomes in Nigeria
Authors: Eluwa Titilope F. , Eluwa George I. E. , Iorwa Apera , Daini Babajide O. , Abdullahi Kabir , Balogun Modasola , Yaya Sanni , Ahinkorah Bright O. , Lawal Abdullahi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 2018, Nigeria began the implementation of a cash transfer programme (CCT) for poor and vulnerable people. We evaluated the impact of cash transfer on household livelihood outcomes in Nigeria. Using multistage cluster sampling methodology, beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries within the same locality were randomly selected to participate in a survey to assess the impact of cash transfer on food security and food diversity.
When gender, marital status, educational status, and age were controlled, beneficiaries were about three times more likely than non-beneficiaries to report experiencing little or no hunger. Children 0–59 months of beneficiaries were twice likely to have at least three meals a day compared to children of non-beneficiaries. Difference in differences regression analysis showed that on the average, beneficiaries of the cash transfer significantly consumed more diverse food than non-beneficiaries. Beneficiaries of the CCT experienced fewer episodes of severe hunger, have more meal frequency, and higher household dietary diversity than non-beneficiaries. This shows that the CCT programme is effective and can directly mitigate adverse effects of malnutrition with its long-term negative impact on children and thus must be expanded to more vulnerable people across all states in Nigeria.
Obstacle avoidance path planning of 6-DOF robotic arm based on improved A* algorithm and artificial potential field method
Authors: Tang Xianxing , Zhou Haibo , Xu Tianying 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMost studies on path planning of robotic arm focus on obstacle avoidance at the end position of robotic arm, while ignoring the obstacle avoidance of robotic arm joint linkage, and the obstacle avoidance method has low flexibility and adaptability. This paper proposes a path obstacle avoidance algorithm for the overall 6-DOF robotic arm that is based on the improved A* algorithm and the artificial potential field method. In the first place, an improved A* algorithm is proposed to address the deficiencies of the conventional A* algorithm, such as a large number of search nodes and low computational efficiency, in robotic arm end path planning. The enhanced A* algorithm proposes a new node search strategy and local path optimization method, which significantly reduces the number of search nodes and enhances search efficiency. To achieve the manipulator joint rod avoiding obstacles, a method of robotic arm posture adjustment based on the artificial potential field method is proposed. The efficiency and environmental adaptability of the robotic arm path planning algorithm proposed in this paper are validated through three types of simulation analysis conducted in different environments. Finally, the AUBO-i10 robotic arm is used to conduct path avoidance tests. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can make the manipulator move smoothly and effectively plan an obstacle-free path, proving the method’s viability.
Inhibitory and facilitative effects of lexical neighbors in spoken word recognition: The role of language experience
Authors: Botezatu Mona Roxana , Garcia Dalia L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe study evaluated whether the direction (inhibitory or facilitative) of the phonological neighborhood density effect in English spoken word recognition was modulated by the relative strength of competitor activation (neighborhood type) in two groups of English-dominant learners of Spanish who differed in language experience. Classroom learners and heritage learners of Spanish identified spoken English words from dense (e.g., BEAR) and sparse (e.g., BOAT) phonological neighborhoods presented in moderate noise. The phonological neighborhood was separately manipulated at word onset (cohort) and word offset (rhyme). Classroom learners were overall slower in recognizing spoken words from denser neighborhoods. Strongly active (onset) neighbors exerted inhibitory effects in both classroom and heritage learners. Critically, weakly active (offset) neighbors exerted inhibitory effects in classroom learners but facilitative effects in heritage learners. The results suggest that the activation of both within and cross-language neighbors should be considered in determining the direction of neighbor effects in bilingual lexical processing.
Paternal high-fat diet altered H3K36me3 pattern of pre-implantation embryos
Authors: Meng Bin , He Jiahui , Cao Wenbin , Zhang Yanru , Qi Jia , Luo Shiwei , Shen Chong , Zhao Juan , Xue Ying , Qu Pengxiang , Liu Enqi 
Published: November 2023

SummaryThe global transition towards diets high in calories has contributed to 2.1 billion people becoming overweight, or obese, which damages male reproduction and harms offspring. Recently, more and more studies have shown that paternal exposure to stress closely affects the health of offspring in an intergenerational and transgenerational way. SET Domain Containing 2 (SETD2), a key epigenetic gene, is highly conserved among species, is a crucial methyltransferase for converting histone 3 lysine 36 dimethylation (H3K36me2) into histone 3 lysine 36 trimethylation (H3K36me3), and plays an important regulator in the response to stress. In this study, we compared patterns of SETD2 expression and the H3K36me3 pattern in pre-implantation embryos derived from normal or obese mice induced by high diet. The results showed that SETD2 mRNA was significantly higher in the high-fat diet (HFD) group than the control diet (CD) group at the 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, and 16-cell stages, and at the morula and blastocyst stages. The relative levels of H3K36me3 in the HFD group at the 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, 16-cell, morula stage, and blastocyst stage were significantly higher than in the CD group. These results indicated that dietary changes in parental generation (F0) male mice fed a HFD were traceable in SETD2/H3K36me3 in embryos, and that a paternal high-fat diet brings about adverse effects for offspring that might be related to SETD2/H3K36me3, which throws new light on the effect of paternal obesity on offspring from an epigenetic perspective.