bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations on adapted interpolation orders for a mixed isogeometric plate formulation
Authors: Stammen Lisa , Dornisch Wolfgang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn order to overcome locking effects that especially occur for lower order finite element formulations, different methods can be employed. This can be conducted using mixed formulations or adapted approximation orders, for instance. Hence, in order to tackle shear locking that is caused by non‐matching interpolation degrees in the shear strain equation, an irreducible and a mixed Reissner‐Mindlin plate formulation with accordingly adapted conforming discretizations are derived within the scope of this contribution. In addition, non‐uniform rational B‐splines (NURBS) are employed therefore, in order to benefit from the properties and refinement strategies offered by isogeometric analysis (IGA) and to achieve more accurate results. The effect of various combinations of interpolation orders on the convergence behavior and the ability to alleviate locking is investigated for both the irreducible and the mixed isogeometric plate formulation and examined for a benchmark example. This is also supplemented by investigations on the stability of the considered variants, tested by the existence of the correct number of zero‐energy modes.
Fast contact detection for ellipsoids using optimization approaches
Authors: Rebel Ricardo , Fröhlich Jochen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe paper is concerned with fast and robust contact detection methods for arbitrary ellipsoids. An iterative procedure, namely the Levenberg‐Marquardt method, based on the common normal concept for parametric ellipsoids, is employed together with an implementation of the widely used GJK algorithm for comparison. The performance and accuracy of both are analysed and compared to each other on the basis of two test sets, each containing a total of 70 000 pairs of prolates or oblates. Emphasis is placed on the specific error measure relating the iterative solution to the exact one, which was chosen to be the maximum angle between the normal vector and the distance vector between two ellipsoids. The results indicate increased performance when using the Levenberg‐Marquardt method over the GJK algorithm with no loss of accuracy.
Development and characterization of 3D bioprintable and mechanically reinforced hydrogel based on gellan gum/methylcellulose/cellulose nanocrystals
Authors: Ouiyangkul Passaporn , Hirun Namon , Suknuntha Krit , Tantishaiyakul Vimon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract3D bioprinting has appeared as a promising technology in the area of tissue engineering. Here, bioinks composed of various concentrations of gellan gum (GG), methylcellulose (MC) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) were developed for extrusion‐based bioprinting. Among the binary mixtures of GG/MC, the blend of 1% w/w GG and 4% w/w MC (1GG/4MC) provides the best property to further tailoring as bioink. For the ternary mixtures of GG/MC/CNC, 1GG/4MC/4% w/w CNC (1GG/4MC/4CNC) provide the best printability characteristic but not sufficient mechanical performance. Ionic crosslinking using various concentrations of salts including CaCl2, KCl and NaCl were applied to improve the mechanical strength. Both 1GG/4MC/4CNC/0.022% w/w CaCl2 (1GG/4MC/4CNC/0.022CaCl2) and 1GG/4MC/4CNC/0.075% w/w KCl (1GG/4MC/4CNC/0.075KCl) exhibit mechanical stability with good printability. Both provide higher compressive modulus than 1GG/4MC/4CNC and 1GG/4MC, and show great shear‐thinning and thixotropic behaviors. They show porous microstructure and sufficient swelling ratio to maintain high cell viability. Excellent biocompatibility of 1GG/4MC/4CNC/0.022CaCl2 and 1GG/4MC/4CNC/0.075KCl is demonstrated with cell viability of 119.55% and 100.77%, respectively, based on MTT assay. A good cell viability of 97%–98% up to 14 days was attained for both bioprinted constructs. Taken together, these novel 1GG/4MC/4CNC/0.022CaCl2 and 1GG/4MC/4CNC/0.075KCl hydrogels exhibit good attributes for a promising 3D bioprinting material.
Feasibility of using the NewGait assistive device for correcting gait deviations in individuals with various neurological disorders: Case study
Authors: Ustinova Ksenia I. , Langenderfer Joseph E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeImpaired gait is one of the earliest, most devastating, and long‐lasting symptoms associated with neurological disorders. This study tested the feasibility of wearing the NewGait rehabilitative device in individuals with gait impairments due to the most common neurological disorders.MethodsSeven participants with gait impairments due to strokes, Multiple Sclerosis, peripheral neuropathies, Cerebral Palsy (CP) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) were included in the study. Their walking with and without wearing the NewGait was analyzed and compared using the Vicon T160 system for motion analysis. Gait velocity, step length, foot clearance, lateral displacement of the Center of Mass, gait deviation and symmetry indexes were compared using two standard deviation band method for each participant.ResultsParticipants subjectively assessed the NewGait as a comfortable device to wear and showed immediate gait improvements to varying degrees. Most improvements were observed in participants with muscle weakness due to peripheral neuropathies, stroke, MS, and CP. These participants improved their foot clearance, gait velocity, and step length. Participants with cerebellar stroke and PD increased their gait stability. All participants demonstrated a reduction in composite gait deviation indexes. Not all gait parameters, though, showed immediate changes.ConclusionThe results suggest that the NewGait rehabilitative device is feasible and useful for correcting gait impairments caused by neurological deficits. Participants may need to wear this device for longer periods of time in order to achieve long lasting changes in the gait pattern, rather than an immediate correction.
A Quantum Moving Target Segmentation Algorithm for Grayscale Video
Authors: Liu Wenjie , Wang Lu , Wu Qingshan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe moving target segmentation (MTS) aims to segment out moving targets in the video, however, the classical algorithm faces the huge challenge of real‐time processing in the current video era. Some scholars have successfully demonstrated the quantum advantages in some video processing tasks, but not concerning moving target segmentation. In this paper, a quantum moving target segmentation algorithm for grayscale video is proposed, which can use quantum mechanism to simultaneously calculate the difference of all pixels in all adjacent frames and then quickly segment out the moving target. In addition, a feasible quantum comparator is designed to distinguish the grayscale values with the threshold. Then several quantum circuit units are designed in detail to construct the complete quantum circuits for segmenting the moving target. For a quantum video with 2mframes (every frame is a image withqgrayscale levels), the complexity of our algorithm can be reduced to O. Compared with the classic counterpart, it is an exponential speedup, while its complexity is also superior to the existing quantum algorithms. Finally, the experiment is conducted on IBM Quantum Experience (IBM Q) to show the feasibility of our algorithm in the noisy intermediate‐scale quantum era.
The Stokes–Einstein–Sutherland Equation at the Nanoscale Revisited
Authors: Baer Andreas , Wawra Simon E. , Bielmeier Kristina , Uttinger Maximilian J. , Smith David M. , Peukert Wolfgang , Walter Johannes , Smith Ana‐Sunčana 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Stokes–Einstein–Sutherland (SES) equation is at the foundation of statistical physics, relating a particle's diffusion coefficient and size with the fluid viscosity, temperature, and the boundary condition for the particle‐solvent interface. It is assumed that it relies on the separation of scales between the particle and the solvent, hence it is expected to break down for diffusive transport on the molecular scale. This assumption is however challenged by a number of experimental studies showing a remarkably small, if any, violation, while simulations systematically report the opposite. To understand these discrepancies, analytical ultracentrifugation experiments are combined with molecular simulations, both performed at unprecedented accuracies, to study the transport of buckminsterfullerene C60 in toluene at infinite dilution. This system is demonstrated to clearly violate the conditions of slow momentum relaxation. Yet, through a linear response to a constant force, the SES equation can be recovered in the long time limit with no more than 4% uncertainty both in experiments and in simulations. This nonetheless requires partial slip on the particle interface, extracted consistently from all the data. These results, thus, resolve a long‐standing discussion on the validity and limits of the SES equation at the molecular scale.
Effect of Potential on the Nanostructure Dynamics of Ethylammonium Nitrate at a Graphite Electrode
Authors: Li Hua , Wang Jianan , Warr Gregory G. , Atkin Rob 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVideo‐rate atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to study the near‐surface nanostructure dynamics of the ionic liquid ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) at a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) electrode as a function of potential in real‐time for the first time. The effects of varying the surface potential and adding 10 wt% water on the nanostructure diffusion coefficient are probed. For both EAN and the 90 wt% EAN‐water mixture, disk‐like features ≈9 nm in diameter and 1 nm in height form above the Stern layer at all potentials. The nanostructure diffusion coefficient increases with potential (from OCP −0.5 V to OCP +0.5 V) and with added water. Nanostructure dynamics depends on both the magnitude and direction of the potential change. Upon switching the potential from OCP −0.5 V to OCP +0.5 V, a substantial increase in the diffusion coefficients is observed, likely due to the absence of solvophobic interactions between the nitrate (NO3−) anions and the ethylammonium (EA+) cations in the near‐surface region. When the potential is reversed, EA+ is attracted to the Stern layer to replace NO3−, but its movement is hindered by solvophobic attractions. The outcomes will aid applications, including electrochemical devices, catalysts, and lubricants.
3D Oxide‐Derived Ru Catalyst for Ultra‐Efficient Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid to γ‐Valerolactone
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Zhuang Zewen , Chen Xin , Wang Yu , Li Xiaoxian , Yang Mingde , Wu Yulong , Peng Qing , Chen Chen , Li Yadong 
Published: October 2023

Abstractγ‐valerolactone (GVL) is a key value‐added chemical catalytically produced from levulinic acid (LA), an important biomass derivative platform chemical. Here an ultra‐efficient 3D Ru catalyst generated by in situ reduction of RuZnOx nanoboxes is reported; the catalyst features a well‐defined structure of highly dispersed in situ oxide‐derived Ru (IOD‐Ru) clusters (≈1 nm in size) spatially confined within the 3D nanocages with rich mesopores, which guarantees a maximized atom utilization with a high exposure of Ru active sites as well as a 3D accessibility for substrate molecules. The IOD‐Ru exhibits ultrahigh performance for the hydrogenation of LA into GVL with a record‐breaking turnover frequency (TOF) up to 59400 h−1, 14 times higher than that of the ex situ reduction of RuZnOx nanoboxes catalyst. Structural characterizations and theoretical calculations collectively indicate that the defect‐rich and coordination‐unsaturated IOD‐Ru sites can boost the activation of the carbonyl group in LA with a significantly lowered energy barrier of hydrogenation.
Promoting OH− Adsorption and Diffusion Enables Ultrahigh Capacity and Rate Capability of Nickel Sulfide Cathode for Aqueous Alkaline Zn‐Based Batteries
Authors: He Jinjun , Shi Xin , Liu Qiyu , Wu Haibo , Yu Yanxia , Lu Xihong , Yang Zujin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAqueous alkaline Zn‐based batteries (AAZBs) possess great promise for large‐scale applications thanks to their higher discharging plateau and unique reaction mechanism. However, the capacity and rate capability of Ni‐based cathodes are still unsatisfactory due to their insufficient OH− adsorption and diffusion ability. Herein, heterostructured Ni3S2/Ni(OH)2 nanosheets with outstanding electrochemical performance are synthesized via a facile chemical etching strategy. The heterostructured Ni3S2/Ni(OH)2 nanosheet cathode shows significantly increased capacity and rate capability due to its boosted OH− adsorption and diffusion ability compared to Ni3S2. Consequently, the assembled Zn//Ni3S2/Ni(OH)2 cell can deliver an ultrahigh capacity of 2.26 mAh cm−2, an excellent rate performance (0.91 mAh cm−2 at 100 mA cm−2) and a satisfying cycling stability (1.01 mAh cm−2 at 20 mA cm−2 after 500 cycles). Moreover, a prominent energy density of 3.86 mWh cm−2 is obtained, which exceeds the majority of recently reported AAZBs. This work is expected to provide a new modification direction for developing high‐performance nickel sulfide cathode for AAZBs.
Ligand Mediation for Tunable and Oxide Suppressed Surface Gold‐Decorated Liquid Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Huang Ziyang , Guan Mingyang , Bao Ziting , Dong Fengyi , Cui Xiaolin , Liu Guozhen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGallium‐based liquid metal systems hold vast potential in materials science. However, maximizing their possibilities is hindered by gallium's native oxide and interfacial functionalization. In this study, small‐molecule ligands are adopted as surfactants to modify the surface of eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) nanoparticles and suppress oxidation. Different p‐aniline derivatives are explored. Next, the reduction of chloroanric acid (HAuCl4) onto these p‐aniline ligand modified EGaIn nanoparticles is investigated to produce gold‐decorated EGaIn nanosystems. It is found that by altering the concentrations of HAuCl4 or the p‐aniline ligand, the formation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on EGaIn can be manipulated. The reduction of interfacial oxidation and presence of AuNPs enhances electrical conductivity, plasmonic performance, wettability, stability, and photothermal performance of all the p‐aniline derivative modified EGaIn. Of these, EGaIn nanoparticles covered with the ligand of p‐aminobenzoic acid offer the most evenly distributed AuNPs decoration and perfect elimination of gallium oxides, resulting in the augmented electrical conductivity, and highest wettability suitable for patterning, enhanced aqueous stability, and favorable photothermal properties. The proof‐of‐concept application in photothermal therapy of cancer cells demonstrates significantly enhanced photothermal conversion performance along with good biocompatibility. Due to such unique characteristics, the developed gold‐decorated EGaIn nanodroplets are expected to offer significant potential in precise medicine.
Atomically‐Thin Holey 2D Nanosheets of Defect‐Engineered MoN–Mo5N6 Composites as Effective Hybridization Matrices
Authors: Lee Jihyeong , Lee Junsoo , Jin Xiaoyan , Kim Hyungjun , Hwang Seong‐Ju 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe defect engineering of inorganic solids has received significant attention because of its high efficacy in optimizing energy‐related functionalities. Consequently, this approach is effectively leveraged in the present study to synthesize atomically‐thin holey 2D nanosheets of a MoN–Mo5N6 composite. This is achieved by controlled nitridation of assembled MoS2 monolayers, which induced sequential cation/anion migration and a gradual decrease in the Mo valency. Precise control of the interlayer distance of the MoS2 monolayers via assembly with various tetraalkylammonium ions is found to be crucial for synthesizing sub‐nanometer–thick holey MoN–Mo5N6 nanosheets with a tunable anion/cation vacancy content. The holey MoN–Mo5N6 nanosheets are employed as efficient immobilization matrices for Pt single atoms to achieve high electrocatalytic mass activity, decent durability, and low overpotential for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In situ/ex situ spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the presence of cation‐deficient Mo5N6 domain is crucial for enhancing the interfacial interactions between the conductive molybdenum nitride substrate and Pt single atoms, leading to enhanced electron injection efficiency and electrochemical stability. The beneficial effects of the Pt‐immobilizing holey MoN–Mo5N6 nanosheets are associated with enhanced electronic coupling, resulting in improvements in HER kinetics and interfacial charge transfer.
Engineered Extracellular Vesicles in Wound Healing: Design, Paradigms, and Clinical Application
Authors: Liao Yuheng , Zhang Zhenhe , Ouyang Lizhi , Mi Bobin , Liu Guohui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe severe quality of life and economic burden imposed by non‐healing skin wounds, infection risks, and treatment costs are affecting millions of patients worldwide. To mitigate these challenges, scientists are relentlessly seeking effective treatment measures. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising cell‐free therapy strategy, attracting extensive attention from researchers. EVs mediate intercellular communication, possessing excellent biocompatibility and stability. These features make EVs a potential tool for treating a plethora of diseases, including those related to wound repair. However, there is a growing focus on the engineering of EVs to overcome inherent limitations such as low production, relatively fixed content, and targeting capabilities of natural EVs. This engineering could improve both the effectiveness and specificity of EVs in wound repair treatments. In light of this, the present review will introduce the latest progress in the design methods and experimental paradigms of engineered EVs applied in wound repair. Furthermore, it will comprehensively analyze the current clinical research status and prospects of engineered EVs within this field.
Facilitating Proton Coupled Electron Transfer Reaction through the Interfacial Micro Electric Field with Fe─N4─C in FeMOFs Glass
Authors: Zuo Shiyu , Wang Yan , Wan Jinquan , Ma Yongwen , Yan Zhicheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe proton‐coupled electron transfer(PCET) reaction plays a crucial role in the chemical transformation process andhas become one of the most concerned elementary reactions. However, the complex kinetics of PCET reaction, which requires the simultaneous transfer of protons and electrons, leads to the dilemma that thermodynamics and kinetics cannot bebalanced and restricts its further development. In this, an interface micro‐electric field (IMEF) basedon Fe─N4 in FeMOFs (Fe‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks) glass is designed tosynchronize proton/electron interface behavior for the first time to realizeefficient PCET reaction and optimize reaction thermodynamics and kinetics. The IMEF facilitates the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, and accelerates Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle. Driven by near‐surface electric field force, the protons near surfacemigrate to Fe sites and participate in Fe(IV)═O formation and reaction, lowering the reaction energy barrier. Based on the interface regulation ofIMEF, a high‐efficiency PCET reaction is realized, and kinetic reactionrate constant of photocatalytic oxidation of emerging contaminants is increasedby 3.7 times. This study highlights a strategy for IMEFs to modulate PEC Treactions for a wide range of potential applications, including environmental and ecological applications.
Recent Progress in Phage‐Based Nanoplatforms for Tumor Therapy
Authors: Li Xiao‐Tong , Peng Shu‐Yi , Feng Shao‐Mei , Bao Ting‐Yu , Li Sheng‐Zhang , Li Shi‐Ying 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNanodrug delivery systems have demonstrated a great potential for tumor therapy with the development of nanotechnology. Nonetheless, traditional drug delivery systems are faced with issues such as complex synthetic procedures, low reproducibility, nonspecific distribution, impenetrability of biological barrier, systemic toxicity, etc. In recent years, phage‐based nanoplatforms have attracted increasing attention in tumor treatment for their regular structure, fantastic carrying property, high transduction efficiency and biosafety. Notably, therapeutic or targeting peptides can be expressed on the surface of the phages through phage display technology, enabling the phage vectors to possess multifunctions. As a result, the drug delivery efficiency on tumor will be vastly improved, thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy while reducing the side effects on normal tissues. Moreover, phages can overcome the hindrance of biofilm barrier to elicit antitumor effects, which exhibit great advantages compared with traditional synthetic drug delivery systems. Herein, this review not only summarizes the structure and biology of the phages, but also presents their potential as prominent nanoplatforms against tumor in different pathways to inspire the development of effective nanomedicine.
Regulating Deposition Pressures During Rapid Thermal Evaporation Processes to Enable Efficient Sb2Se3 Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Xinsheng , Liu Yongjun , Zhang Shiqi , Sun Xiaoman , Zhuang Yujun , Liu Jingling , Wang Gang , cheng Ke , Du Zuliang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSb2Se3 solar cells deposited by rapid thermal evaporation (RTE) have drawn extensive attention owing to their compatibility with the commercial production line of CdTe solar cells and can be used to fabricate high‐quality Sb2Se3 films with high reproducibility. However, the deposition pressure during the RTE process has not been clearly explored, although it has a significant effect on the Sb2Se3 film quality. A novel two‐step deposition strategy is proposed that finely regulates the deposition pressure to improve the quality of Sb2Se3 absorber layers, thereby improving the device performance of Sb2Se3 solar cells. This novel method includes a rapid deposition process under a low pressure (5 mTorr) and an in situ annealing process under a relatively high pressure (200 Torr). The maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of Sb2Se3 solar cells fabricated by two‐step deposited approach is up to 8.12%. The PCE enhancement is attributed to the increased grain size, reduced grain boundaries, modified surface Fermi level gradient of the absorber layer, and improved defect performance. This innovative deposition technique is expected to benefit other low‐melting‐point metal sulfoselenides for solar cell applications.
Computed tomography findings in poxvirus pneumonia in a cat
Authors: Molera Ros Angela , Darcy Hannah , Covey Heather , Muñiz Moris Laura 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA 2‐year‐old, domestic shorthair cat was presented to a referral hospital with a 4‐day history of inappetence and lethargy, which had progressed to dyspnoea and tachypnoea. Investigations performed included full haematology and biochemistry and computed tomography of the thorax. A large, heterogeneously contrast enhancing and poorly marginated mass lesion was noted in the left caudal lung lobe, along with areas of ground‐glass attenuation throughout the left lung field. Fine‐needle aspirates of the pulmonary mass revealed neutrophilic and macrophagic inflammation, with moderate numbers of mildly atypical epithelial cells. The cat was treated with broad‐spectrum antibiotics and returned with multifocal crusted cutaneous lesions 5 days later. Poxvirus polymerase chain reaction was performed on the skin lesion smears and subsequently on the pulmonary mass aspirates, both proving positive for poxvirus. Repeat computed tomography was performed 5 weeks later, revealing complete resolution of the pulmonary changes.