bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-(in)effective public good provision: an experimental exploration
Authors: Chan Nathan W. , Knowles Stephen , Peeters Ronald , Wolk Leonard 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the determinants of cost-(in)effective giving to public goods. We conduct a pre-registered experiment to elucidate how factors at the institutional and individual levels shape individual contributions and the cost-effectiveness of those contributions in a novel public good game. In particular, we examine the role of consequential uncertainty over the value of public good contributions (institutional level) as well as individual characteristics like risk and ambiguity attitudes, giving type, and demographics (individual level). We find cost-ineffective contributions in all institutions, but total contribution levels and the degree of cost-ineffectiveness are similar across institutions. Meanwhile, cost-effectiveness varies by giving type—which is a novel result that is consistent with hypotheses we generate from theory—but other individual characteristics have little influence on the cost-effectiveness of contributions. Our work has important positive and normative implications for charitable giving and public good provision in the real world, and it is particularly germane to emerging online crowdfunding and patronage platforms that confront users with a multitude of competing opportunities for giving.
Examining the Ethics of Spying: A Practitioner’s View
Authors: Omand David 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper examines from the point of view of an intelligence practicioner the utility of the philosophical method that Professor Cecile Fabre has applied to intelligence ethics. Her emphasis on the duty that lies on governments to be sufficiently well informed about those who pose a real risk of serious violations of fundamental human rights is seen as a valuable addition to discourse on the ethics of intelligence activity. The just war tradition is put forward as an alternative framing of key ethical issues that can be translated into a practical code for intelligence officers that can be adapted to changing levels of threat in a way that is difficult to derive from a timeless philosophical analysis.
Niederfrequente Magnetfelder und das Risiko für das Auftreten von Alzheimer-Demenz
Authors: Sauter Cornelia , Dorn Hans , Hellmann-Regen Julian , Bueno-Lopez Ana , Danker-Hopfe Heidi 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ein Teil der Bevölkerung befürchtet negative Auswirkungen niederfrequenter Magnetfelder (NF-MF), die z. B. von Hochspannungsleitungen und anderen Anlagen und Geräten mit der Frequenz 50 Hz bzw. 16 2/3 Hz ausgehen. Manche Studien zeigen einen Zusammenhang zwischen einer NF-MF-Exposition und einem erhöhten Risiko für neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, u. a. für die Alzheimer-Demenz (AD).

Ziel der Arbeit und Methode
In dem vorliegenden narrativen Review wird der aktuelle Stand der Forschung zu NF-MF und möglichen Auswirkungen auf das AD-Risiko und den Schlaf anhand epidemiologischer und experimenteller Studien zusammengefasst und methodenkritisch diskutiert.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
In epidemiologischen Studien konnte sowohl in Untersuchungen zur beruflichen Exposition gegenüber niederfrequenten Magnetfeldern als auch in Untersuchungen zur häuslichen Exposition durch Hochspannungsleitungen ein geringfügig erhöhtes Risiko für Alzheimer-Demenz beobachtet werden. Als signifikant erwies sich dieses Risiko allerdings nur in den Metaanalysen zur beruflichen Exposition. Die Studien zeichnen sich durch eine große Heterogenität aus, weshalb offen bleibt, ob den Beobachtungen ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang zugrunde liegt. Während ein Wirkmechanismus noch nicht bekannt ist, könnte der Schlaf bei der Suche nach einem solchen eine Schlüsselrolle spielen. Da ein gestörter Schlaf nachweislich zu einer erhöhten Konzentration der Biomarker der Alzheimer-Demenz (Amyloid und Tau und deren Ablagerungen) führt, ist eine Störung durch externe Faktoren als Auslöser oder Verstärker denkbar. In epidemiologischen Studien kann der Schlaf nur sehr ungenau gemessen werden und ist anfällig für Confounder, die im Rahmen von experimentellen Studien besser kontrolliert werden können.
Einige experimentelle Studien zeigen eine negative Auswirkung von NF-MF auf den Schlaf von Menschen. Dabei ist allerdings zu berücksichtigen, dass die Aussagekraft der meisten dieser Studien aufgrund einer schlechten Studienqualität nur sehr beschränkt ist, weshalb hier ein deutlicher Bedarf an Studien mit guter Qualität besteht.
Assignment of the disordered, proline-rich N-terminal domain of the tumour suppressor p53 protein using 1HN and 1Hα-detected NMR measurements
Authors: Sebák Fanni , Ecsédi Péter , Nyitray László , Bodor Andrea 
Published: October 2023

AbstractProtein p53 is mostly known for playing a key role in tumour suppression, and mutations in the p53 gene are amongst the most frequent genomic events accompanying oncogenic transformation. Continuous research is conducted to target disordered proteins/protein regions for cancer therapy, for which atomic level information is also necessary. The disordered N-terminal part of p53 contains the transactivation and the proline-rich domains—which besides being abundant in proline residues—contains repetitive Pro-Ala motifs. NMR assignment of such repetitive, proline-rich regions is challenging due to the lack of amide protons in the 1HN-detected approaches, as well as due to the small chemical shift dispersion. In the present study we perform the full assignment of the p531–100 region by applying a combination of 1HN- and 1Hα-detected NMR experiments. We also show the increased information content when using real-time homo- and heteronuclear decoupled acquisition schemes. On the other hand, we highlight the presence of minor proline species, and using Pro-selective experiments we determine the corresponding cis or trans conformation. Secondary chemical shifts for (Cα–Cβ) atoms indicate the disordered nature of this region, with expected helical tendency for the TAD1 region. As the role of the proline-rich domain is yet not well understood our results can contribute to further successful investigations.
Exploring Migration Determinants: a Meta-Analysis of Migration Drivers and Estimates
Authors: Soto Nishimura Akira , Czaika Mathias 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis comprehensive study delves into over 100 empirical articles, examining the influence of structural drivers on both internal and international migration. Employing a meta-analysis approach, we dissect these studies to pinpoint the prevalent migration drivers frequently subjected to quantitative scrutiny. Our investigation extends to scrutinizing major migration drivers in terms of their statistical impact, directional tendencies, and statistical significance. Our findings underscore that indicators such as income or GDP, education, migrant networks, gender, age, and family characteristics are the most commonly scrutinized factors shaping migration patterns. Notably, geographical distance, gender, and migrant networks emerge as highly consistent drivers, exhibiting a remarkable uniformity in both effect direction and statistical significance across the most frequently studied factors. Numerous migration drivers exhibit statistical significance roughly around 50% of the time, while several others fall considerably below this threshold. Intriguingly, we delve into the complex variations characterizing the impact of destination country GDP per capita. Our exploration reveals that articles reporting a negative effect for destination country GDP per capita are more likely to focus on irregular or asylum migration flows. However, an intriguing subset of articles that also explore asylum migration flows finds a positive effect. These nuanced disparities are further influenced by variations in sample composition, control variables, statistical models, and the operationalization of GDP per capita. In sum, our in-depth analysis sheds light on the multifaceted landscape of migration drivers, offering critical insights into both the consensus and divergence within migration research.
Student-led replication studies in comparative politics: new findings by fresh eyes?
Authors: Korell Daniel , Reinecke Niklas , Lott Lars 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis research note presents two replication studies that were conducted during a research-oriented course at Heidelberg University in summer 2022. The first study, initially conducted by Korell, replicates the findings from Albert’s original contribution on rebel governance. Albert conducted an explorative study in analyzing the associations between rebel governance and rebel military capacity. Our replication study indicates support for Albert’s argument of the relevance of disaggregating rebel governance, while we also show that the original findings are mainly driven by Albert’s explorative model specifications. The second study, initially conducted by Reinecke, tests the robustness of Levin et al.’s study on the democratic peacekeeping hypothesis and expands upon the original study by directly testing the “selectorate-theoretic causal mechanism” for the democratic peacekeeping hypothesis. Overall, the replication studies presented in this research note provide interesting findings regarding empirical conflict studies and contribute to ongoing efforts to promote replication initiatives in the education of future political scientists.
Stellenwert der Insemination in der modernen Kinderwunschbehandlung
Authors: Zajc-Mauersberger Anna Maria 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungWeltweit ist es für mehr als 70 Mio. Paare nicht möglich, über den Zeitraum von einem Jahr ihren Kinderwunsch zu realisieren, sie gelten somit als infertil. Die intrauterine Insemination stellt für jene Paare eine essenzielle Therapieoption dar. Bei Paaren mit idiopathischer Sterilität, mild eingeschränkter Samenqualität sowie bei stimulierten, primär anovulatorischen Zyklen sind 3–4 intrauterine Inseminationszyklen als First-Line-Therapie von internationalen Gesellschaften wie der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Humane Reproduktion und Embryologie (ESHRE) sowie der Amerikanischen Gesellschaft für Reproduktionsmedizin (ASRM) empfohlen. Neben der donogenen Anwendung bei gleichgeschlechtlichen Paaren gibt es noch eine große Menge weiterer Indikationen zur Durchführung einer Insemination als erste reproduktionsmedizinische Maßnahme. Im Wissen der erwartbaren natürlichen Fertilität ist es essenziell, PatientInnen zeitgerecht an ein Kompetenzzentrum zur reproduktionsmedizinischen Abklärung zu überweisen. Wichtig ist es, neben dem Alter der Patientin auch die Kinderwunschdauer, vor allem auch bei jüngeren Patientinnen, miteinzubeziehen. Die Insemination ist bei korrekter Indikationsstellung eine kosteneffektive Alternative zur In-vitro-Fertilisation und sollte in jeder reproduktionsmedizinischen Praxis mitangeboten werden.
Solidarity Typologies in Dynamics Between Portuguese Emigrants and Their Parents
Authors: Barros Carlos , McGarrigle Jennifer , Santos Ana Sofia , Albert Isabelle , Murdock Elke 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMotivations for migratory movements tend to be contextualised at an individual level and refer to opportunities related to the country of destination. In the Portuguese context, this view is increasingly limited when we analyse the emigration of young adults since this process directly involves family figures in the country of origin, as they tend to be the first source of support. This paper aims to explore the dimensions of intergenerational solidarity, analysing conflict as transversal dimension and the presence of ambivalence, for a proposal of behaviour typologies in Portuguese transnational families. Using a qualitative approach, young Portuguese adults who emigrated in the European space and Schengen area (N = 22) were interviewed addressing questions about their migratory projects, as well as their dynamics with their parents in Portugal. A thematic analysis was carried out with the support of the NVivo software. The results indicate four behaviour typologies: (1) high cohesion and dependence, (2) full solidarity tested with resilience, (3) affective and functional solidarities, with normative and value divergences, and (4) no solidarity and irreconcilable differences. The findings suggest the impact of intergenerational norms and values, as they may be at the origin of communicational patterns that increase well-being and resilience in migration projects.
Makers, Not Users: Inscriptions of Design in the Development of Postdigital Technology Education
Authors: Gahoonia Simy Kaur 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper directs attention to a recent government-led school development initiative in Denmark, where a broad concept and practice of design became central to imagining and reworking technology education for the postdigital condition, in which schoolchildren were imagined to become makers, not users of technological society. Using an analytical apparatus inspired by Science and Technology Studies (STS), the paper examines how and what understandings of design were propagated in the trial of technology comprehension in the public school. The paper examines two design models as didactic-pedagogical translation of design into the epistemic practices of the public school, articulated in the intellectual traditions of Bildung and Didaktik. Examining the knowledges that make knowledges, the paper contributes an elucidation of the features, capacities, and limitations of the concept and practice of design, as it is mobilised to make knowledge and subjectivities about agency and change for schooling in the postdigital educational future.
A low power varactor based digitally controlled oscillator design in 180 nm CMOS technology
Authors: Dabas Shweta , Kumar Manoj 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper reports two distinct architectures for digitally-controlled oscillators (DCOs) utilizing MOS varactor, designed in TSMC 180 nm CMOS technology. The first DCO design employs a CMOS inverter, while the second design features a Three-Transistors (3T) NAND gate as a delay stage inverter. Using these delay stages, three-bit, five-bit, and seven-bit controlled DCO circuits have been designed. For the inverter-based DCO circuit, the frequency spans from 4.844 to 2.708 GHz, 2.523 to 0.853 GHz, and 1.364 to 0.253 GHz, with a power consumption of 0.958 mW, 1.597 mW, and 2.236 mW for three-bit, five-bit, and seven-bit DCO variants, respectively. Further, the 3T-NAND gate-based DCO circuit exhibits oscillation frequencies ranging from 2.024 to 0.517 GHz, 0.867 to 0.131 GHz, and 0.341 to 0.033 GHz, with the resulting power consumption of 0.335 mW, 0.559 mW, and 0.782 mW. Equally significant, the proposed inverter-based DCO attains phase noise of − 102.61 dBc/Hz@1MHz, − 99.65 dBc/Hz@1MHz, and − 117.54 dBc/Hz@1MHz, accompanied by corresponding figures of merit (FoM) 174.94 dBc/Hz, 161.27 dBc/Hz, and 165.10 dBc/Hz for three-bit, five-bit, and seven-bit control words, respectively. For the 3T-NAND gate-based DCO, phase noise levels register at − 93.51 dBc/Hz@1MHz, − 113.07 dBc/Hz@1MHz, and − 106.96 dBc/Hz@1MHz, with FoM values of 160.23 dBc/Hz, 166.70 dBc/Hz, and 150.30 dBc/Hz for three-bit, five-bit, and seven-bit DCO variants, respectively. The comprehensive analysis of the proposed DCOs demonstrates the power supply variations, phase noise deviations, and frequency variations. The reported DCOs perform better with regard to output frequency range, power consumption, and overall FoM.
Longitudinal Changes in Physical Fitness Attributes of Male Police Officers During a 12-Week Physical Training Program
Authors: Massuça Luís Miguel , Rasteiro André 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect of a 12-week physical training program on police officers’ physical fitness attributes. Thirty male police officers (age, 31.03 ± 3.15 years) participated in this experimental study, having carried out a 12-week physical training program (01−04/2023), 3 times/week with an average duration of 1 h/session (through circuit work, body weight exercises, and exercises with additional weight). The physical fitness evaluations were performed at three time points (weeks: 0, T0; 8, T1; 12, T2), and consisted of morphological (height, weight, waist circumference, fat and muscle mass, body mass index, and waist-to-height ratio) and fitness (push-ups; sit-ups; pull-ups; handgrip; horizontal jump; shuttle-run test; t-test; sit-reach test) evaluations. Were observed significant improvements at (i) 8 week (T1), in waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and all fitness tests (except in flexibility, handgrip right/left sum, and VO2max); and (ii) 12 weeks (T2), in relative fat mass, relative muscle mass, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and all the fitness tests. Although 8 weeks of training allowed us to observe improvements in most of the physical fitness attributes, all of them improved significantly in the 12-week physical training program. In accordance, prolonging the duration of the training program from, 8 to 12 weeks, results in strong improvement in the physical fitness of police officers.
Semiotics in architecture of public spaces: contemporary city-centers; case of Bangalore, India
Authors: Raj Mamatha P. , Patil Dakshayini R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the public space architecture in urban centers of contemporary cities. Through time cities evolve with a certain traditional profile either spontaneous or planned; correspondingly, urban spaces emerge responding to the current developments, community aspirations, and architectural influences of the era. The study adopts a research methodology of triangulation involving review of theoretical derivatives, legislations for urban aesthetics, and conducting visual surveys of urbanscapes. Three fundamental theories are explored-‘Semiotics/Semiology’ by Saussure (1916) and Peirce (1902), ‘Duck and decorated shed’ by Robert Venturi (1972) and ‘Urban semiotics’ by Kevin Lynch (1960). The premise is investigated with the case of Bangalore (also, Bengaluru) in India; a city which has a rich historical profile while also being one of the progressive cities, resulting in transitions in its urbanscapes profile and existence of two distinct city cores, old and the new. This analysis is ensued by adopting comparative analysis of façades investigated in these two Central Business Districts, with a ‘Façade grid’ assessment methodology leading to interpretation of varying semiotics in both scenarios. The surveys conducted reveal an interesting semiology in the older and newer nodes reflecting intense objectives of commercial architecture and leads to formulation of a strategic proposal framework for façade architecture and management to reconnect to the use-experiential factors in urban centers.
Surface deformation induced by the 2016 Meinong earthquake and its implications to active folds
Authors: Yi De-Cheng , Chuang Ray Y. , Chung Ling-Ho , Lin Ching-Weei , Rau Ruey-Juin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe present 230 field observations on the location, trending, and displacement vectors of the coseismic surface cracks induced by the 2016 Meinong earthquake in the Guanmiao area, SW Taiwan. Coseismic surface cracks trends from the north to northeast. The coseismic deformed region moved toward the W-WNW. In Guanmiao town, surface cracks were mainly distributed on both limbs of the Guanmiao syncline. The preseismic deformation was also observed along the axial trace of the Guanmiao syncline. These results give clues to high structural activities in SW Taiwan. We argue that Guanmiao syncline is an active fold with both coseismic activity and interseismic creeping, which induced nonnegligible micro-geohazards because of the continual loss. We report a new case of the normal bending-moment fault, the Luosianliao fault, which locates between the Guanmiao syncline and Chungchou anticline. However, the linkage between the shallow Luosianliao fault and the deep-seated causative fault of Guanmiao aftershocks are not known yet. We demonstrate the kinematic process of coseismic surface deformation and argue that the bending-moment fault could provide an opportunity to understand the recurrence interval of folding. The mechanism of earthquake-induced folding amplification through high fluid-pressure rocks may play a critical role in assessing earthquake hazard risks in regions with similar geology to SW Taiwan.
Advances and applications of machine learning in underwater acoustics
Authors: Niu Haiqiang , Li Xiaolei , Zhang Yonglin , Xu Ji 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecent advancements in machine learning (ML) techniques applied to underwater acoustics have significantly impacted various aspects of this field, such as source localization, target recognition, communication, and geoacoustic inversion. This review provides a comprehensive summary and evaluation of these developments. As a data-driven approach, ML played a pivotal role in discerning intricate relationships between input features and desired labels based on the provided training dataset. They are achieving success in ocean acoustic applications through ML hinges on several critical factors, including well-designed input feature preprocessing, appropriate labels, choice of ML models, effective training strategy, and availability of ample training and validation datasets. This review highlights noteworthy results from published studies to illustrate the effectiveness of ML methods in diverse application scenarios. In addition, it delves into the essential techniques employed within these applications. To understand the utility of ML in underwater acoustics, one must analyze its advantages and limitations. This assessment will aid in identifying scenarios where ML excels and those where it may face challenges. In addition, it provides insights into promising avenues for future research, shedding light on potential research directions that warrant exploration.
Social Determinants Predicting the Community Pharmacists’ Workforce Preparedness for, and Response to, the Public Health Emergencies
Authors: Venkataraman Rajesh , Rajiah Kingston , Anand Meghana , Surendran Gopika 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives:
To identify the predicting factors that contribute to preparedness for public health emergencies among community pharmacists in India.

Methods:
Multistage cluster sampling was done. The geographic breakdown was done based on villages and areas and used as clusters. A simple random method was done in the first stage to select the villages as clusters. From each selected village, a simple random method was done in the second stage to select the areas. From each selected area, all the community pharmacies were selected. The survey questionnaire had 3 sections with 43 items: (A) demographic information, (B) preparedness, (C) response toward infectious diseases. The participants chose “Yes/No”, in sections B and C. A score of 1 was given for “Yes”, and a score of zero was given for “No”.

Results:
Multiple correlation analyses were conducted between participants’ preparedness and response (PR) scores and independent variables. The independent variables such as “More than one Pharmacist working in a pharmacy”, “Pharmacists who are trained more than once on disaster management”, and encountered more than 1 patient with the infectious disease were positively and significantly correlated with the dependent variable (PR scores).

Conclusions:
Community pharmacists were aware of the issues they may face in their community concerning public health emergencies. They believed that the medications available in their pharmacy are sufficient to face any emergency. They could identify the clinical manifestations of public health emergency conditions and provide counselling to the customers toward them. Community pharmacists who were trained more than once in disaster management were the strongest predicting factor.