bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing uncertainty in low flows for bench‐top wind tunnels
Authors: Hardy J.E. , McKnight T.E. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeBench‐top wind tunnels are used extensively by the US Air Force for calibrating anemometers. As anemometers have improved, the need for reduced uncertainties in the bench‐top wind tunnels was required. A three‐pronged approach was used to reduce low velocity uncertainties by a factor of 2‐3.Design/methodology/approach – The reduction in velocity uncertainties was achieved by upgrading the wind tunnel instrumentation that measured the pressure and differential pressure and by improving the velocity calibration of the bench‐top wind tunnel. A detailed uncertainty analysis was performed to determine how much the instrumentation needed to improve. A laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) was used to calibrate each wind tunnel at low velocities.Findings – The uncertainty analysis indicated that the main contributors to the velocity uncertainty were the differential pressure and the pressure measurements. These two process instruments were upgraded to reduce their individual uncertainties by a factor of 2. Additionally each bench‐top wind tunnel was calibrated using the LDV with special emphasis on flows from 0.15‐3.0 m/s. In all, nine wind tunnels were calibrated and the upgraded systems exhibited a reduction in uncertainties in the low flow region of a factor of 2‐3.Originality/value – A need to reduce velocity uncertainties in bench‐top wind tunnels was a requirement for the US Air Force calibration program. Upgraded instrumentation and individual calibration with an LDV provided the needed reduction. In the low flow region of 0.15 to 3.0 m/s, uncertainties were reduced by a factor of 2‐3.
Leadership: interpreting life patterns and their managerial significance
Authors: Muldoon Shane Douglas , Miller Stephanie 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo illuminate the managerial significance of life patterns and to assist development of qualitative methodology.Design/methodology/approach – The theoretical proposition of a Manager Quad is empirically examined. Interview data from 16 managers are analysed using an interpretive frame. Methods of meaning generation are illustrated and this provides greater transparency and credibility of findings.Findings – Managers' characteristics are found to form thematic distinctions corresponding with outcomes of leader effectiveness and individual success. Research limitations/implications – The evidence suggests the worth of future qualitative research using explicit interpretive methods.Practical implications – Managers as mentors for leader development should be chosen according to the category in which they are assigned by research evidence.Originality/value – The paper has value for researchers, management educators and practitioners. The importance of life patterns in the leader/manager debate is suggested with inferences drawn regarding management education.
Company “doctors”: do higher academic qualifications make for “better” managers?
Authors: Merrette Edwin J. (Ted) 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo determine any differences between the level of academic qualification of German senior managers and their British equivalents and to offer explanations for any such differences identified.Design/methodology/approach – Two questions were posed: First were German senior managers generally “better” qualified academically than their British counterparts? Examines data published by governmental and non‐governmental sources in both Germany and the UK. Second why? Following a comprehensive review of the literature published in both German and English a variety of potential causal factors were identified and for analysis placed in three main categories. These were then discussed in the course of a series of semi structured interviews and informal interviews with both British and German senior executives.Findings – The overwhelming majority of German senior managers are qualified to a Doctoral level. Nearly 70 percent of the directors of Germany's top 100 companies have doctorates as compared to certainly less than 3 percent and probably less than 1 percent of their British counterparts. The main causal factors are of a cultural nature which are long standing and deep seated.Research limitations/implications – In practice it proved difficult to persuade companies to provide data relating directly to their employees or information regarding their management development, recruitment, or promotion policies.Practical implications – The validity of the Anglo/American mindset as opposed to the German “Knowing what you manage”. It is suggested that a compromise might prove a sensible alternative approach for both societies.Originality/value – Draws upon new data not previously published (in English) to reach plausible conclusions.
Innovation through networked strategic communities: case study on NTT DoCoMo
Authors: Kodama Mitsuru 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify key factors for generating new knowledge creation in the fields of high tech requiring the integration of a variety of technologies and business models.Design/methodology/approach – The case study will center on NTT DoCoMo, Japan's largest mobile communications carrier, where the author has had extensive experience in service development. The author has collected rich data related to development processes and uses the grounded theory‐based approach to analyze seven concepts and the cause and effect relationships among them.Findings – In a short period of time, a strategic team at DoCoMo formed strategic communities (SCs) outside the company including customers, and then formed a network that transcended the SCs' boundaries.Orginality/value – The synthesizing capability of the leadership‐based SCs comprising community leaders inside the networked SCs enabled DoCoMo to build new business models aimed at customers and achieve successful new product and service development ahead of its competitors.
Existing use value for social housing
Authors: Andrew Anthony , Pitt Michael 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThe paper aims to consider Red Book matters that have not previously been examined.Design/methodology/approachThis paper examines the provisions in the RICS Appraisal and Valuation Standards (the Red Book) for property professionals involved in the use of the definition of “Existing use value for social housing”, and the “Tenanted market value” basis set out in guidelines for Scottish local authorities.FindingsUsing the experience in Scotland the paper considers some of the problems that can develop in practice and examines some of these problems.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is intended to influence members of the profession in dealing with these problems and to contribute to the debate generally in terms of ensuring that these matters are considered by the RICS in reviewing its procedures.Originality/valueThe paper is specifically relevant to valuers required to use the Red Book provisions for valuing social housing and for those involved in existing use valuations.
A paradigm of Islamic money and banking
Authors: Alam Choudhury Masudul , Hussain Mostaque 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTheological perspectives in ethics, values and their functional application in the real world are vividly covered by the theory and practice of Islamic banking in recent times. This paper seeks to formalize the theological paradigm of the unity of God (Tawhid) and to make the groundwork of unity of knowledge in the context of the money, finance and real economy linkages.Design/methodology/approach – The paper combines narrative with argument and analysis.Findings – On the basis of this the structure of the balance sheet of Islamic banks with no interest rate as an ethical condition of Islamic financing is delineated. This topic is followed by a discussion on the experience of Islamic banks in recent times in the area of mobilizing resources and gaining profitability, popularity and stability by the Islamic financing methods and the direct mobilizing of financial resources into the real economy. In this way, the Islamic banks are shown to attain the much‐needed complementary relations between social well‐being for clients and financial efficiency for the banks.Originality/value – Adds insights to the theory and practice of Islamic banking.
Are political principles stable?
Authors: Machan Tibor R. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeAims to question whether political principles, for example, those of socialism or libertarianism, have lasting significance.Design/methodology/approach – Lays out a case for the stability of at least one variety of political principle, namely that of libertarianism or classical liberalism and argues that the normative version of these positions does manage to have lasting stability and significance.Findings – There is much that is true that people do not necessarily attend to – including certain principles of political life. It may well be true that everybody has the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, yet many of us reject this fact. Even judges and Supreme Court justices often fail to rule in a manner consistent with these principles.Originality/value – Provides insights concerning the nature of political and ethical principles.
Predicting leadership
Authors: Brownell Judi 
Published: February 2005

PurposePredicting leadership demonstrates how assessment centers can be designed to meet the extended goals of assessing three broad‐based and particularly critical indicators of hospitality leadership effectiveness: the ability to respond to change, the ability to foster trust, and the ability to create inclusive work environments.Design/methodology/approachA literature review reveals the most critical hospitality leadership needs in times of rapid and continuous change, and supports the assessment center approach as a means of judging key leadership competencies. The steps involved in developing a center to assess three particularly critical leadership competencies are outlined and challenges noted.FindingsThe assessment center is shown to be a valuable means of both assessing and predicting leadership talent beyond the scope normally associated with this method.Practical implicationsAssessment center methods can be extended to accomplish the organization's most important goal – preparing for, and responding to, future leadership requirements.Originality/valueThe paper is of value to both academic and practitioner readers interested in leadership development. It provides a rationale and practical guide for assessment center design and implementation.
Qualifications: a fast‐track to hotel general manager?
Authors: Harper Sarah , Brown Caroline , Irvine Wilson 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo examine the role of formal qualifications in the career development of contemporary hotel general managers in Scotland.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire was used which provided a sound basis for comparing the opinions, performance and career paths of both formally qualified and unqualified general managers.FindingsKey findings identified that formal qualifications were an integral part of career development. They facilitated career moves between companies and allowed prospective managers to “fast‐track” to general management status. Formal qualifications were considered particularly beneficial in developing those functional managerial skills required to succeed.Practical implicationsAt this present time of change within the industry, the existing move towards a more business perspective in the role of hotel general manager may in fact be influencing the development of managers’ mid‐career. The actual importance today of food and beverage positions may be far less than it has been during the career development of those managers within the sample. If this proves to be the case, there may be a developing trend of managers entering from outside the industry, directly to general management positions. This poses implications for the seemingly “established” career path of hotel general manager through food and beverage functions and deputy/assistant managerial positions.Originality/valueThe conclusions may also present implications for educationists trying to meet the needs of the industry in developing effective managers and for individuals in the development of their careers.
Corporate identity in Slovenia
Authors: Podnar Klement 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to find out about: significance and understanding of corporate identity, its elements and CI management in Slovenian companies/Slovenian and international companies with exemplary and successful corporate identity and their characteristics.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted among the most successful Slovenian companies (by income and by profit). A total of 44 people, from 36 companies, who are responsible for managing corporate identity were interviewed.FindingsThe main finding is that managing corporate identity is of great importance for company success. Although there is no general definition of corporate identity at theoretical level, the understanding of corporate identity is quite homogeneous – the most common definition according to the research is: corporate identity is a mix of characteristics that organization possesses as a subject. Successful managing of corporate identity, has many positive effects on company's acceptation in a role of subject in the society.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research in determining the influence of the chairman and his personality as well as the board and employees' personality on corporate identity would be important. It is recommended that in future, in similar studies, an even larger sample is included and the thought of comparing future studies with the present study should not be excluded.Practical implicationsThe main practical implication of this paper is to raise the awareness of how important the local culture is when dealing with corporate identity management.Originality/valueA brief literature review of Slovenian authors from the corporate identity field has been made and presented on an international level for the first time. Also, the empirical research on the question of how managers in Slovenian companies understand and manage corporate identity in their organizations is new. The main contribution is that results acquired in Slovenia can be partly compared with other similar researches in the EU.
Integration of information about corporate social performance
Authors: Arpan Laura M. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThe aim of this research was to examine psychological processes that may mediate effects of corporate social performance on evaluations of and behavior toward organizations.Design/methodology/approachAn experimental design examined how previously formed, summary attitudes versus consideration of specific information about CSP affected intended behaviors toward fictitious organizations. Theories of attitude structure and attitude change form the theoretical basis for the paper.FindingsIn general, participants relied on summary attitudes toward stimulus organizations. However, when fear of making an invalid decision was stimulated, participants were more likely to consider specific attributes of organizations (such as CSP) when making decisions about them.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited by its use of fictitious organizations in an experimental situation. The study suggests that organizational managers as well as those who study crisis management and CSP should consider the influence of existing attitudes toward an organization on reactions to both positive and negative new information about the organization. Suggests that negative information might not be damaging, as previously thought, to organizations with strong reputations.Originality/valueThis paper is one of few studies that examine psychological processes that can occur when people learn about organizations and consider their behaviors toward those organizations. The paper should be of value to those who study effects of CSP and organizational crises as well as crisis managers and community relations or public affairs managers.
APPRENTICES AND YOUNG WORKERS: A STUDY OF THE NORWEGIAN YOUTH LABOUR MARKET
Authors: Askilden Jan Erik , Nilsen Øivind Anti 
Published: February 2005

AbstractApprenticeship programmes are in many countries important stepping stones into the labour market. However, recruitment of apprentices seems to follow the business cycle. This pattern may be caused by firms' contemporaneous demand for labour, but may also be consistent with an investment hypothesis. A model, in which the tightness in the labour market is taken into account, is tested on a sample of Norwegian quarterly firm‐specific data. The empirical findings give moderate support to an investment hypothesis. The apprentices substitute to some degree for skilled labour but are recruited primarily based on the labour market situation. The wage level plays a minor role for recruitment of apprentices.
WHAT CAN CHANGES IN STRUCTURAL FACTORS TELL US ABOUT UNEMPLOYMENT IN EUROPE?
Authors: Morgan Julian , Mourougane Annabelle 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of temporal variation in labour market institutions and other structural factors on unemployment in Europe. A system comprising a labour demand and a wage equation is estimated on pooled time‐series data for the six largest EU countries for the 1980s and 1990s. The results suggest that changes in regional mismatch, trade union density and the ratio between consumer and producer prices are positively associated with structural unemployment. This result is robust to a wide variety of different specifications. No consistent role is found for other institutional factors (such as social security benefits, employment security and minimum wage).
Immunostimulating activities of the novel peptidomimetic L-glutamyl-histamine
Authors: Babizhayev M A , Semiletov Y A , Lul’kin Y A , Sakina N L , Savel’yeva E L , Alimbarova L M , Barinskii I P 
Published: February 2005

Summary
An original representative of histamine-containing peptidomimetics L-glutamyl-histamine (L-Glu-Hist) was synthesized and characterized as a cytokine mimic leading to cellular responses of improved specificity. The energy-minimized 3-D conformations of L-Glu-Hist derived from its chemical structure resulted in stabilization for Fe2+ chelating complexes. L-Glu-Hist accelerated the decrease of ferrous iron in the ferrous sulphate solution in a concentration-dependent mode and showed the ferroxidase-like activity at concentrations less than 3 mm in the phenanthroline assay, whereas in the concentration range 3–20 mm L-Glu-Hist restricted the availability of Fe2+ to phenanthroline due to binding of ferrous ions in chelating complexes. L-Glu-Hist showed a stimulatory effect on phosphatidylcholine liposomal peroxidation (LPO) catalysed by the superoxide anion radical (O2•)-generating system (Fe2++ ascorbate) at low (less or about 1 mm) L-Glu-Hist concentrations and both  revealed  the  inhibitory  effect  on  LPO  in  this  system  of  high  (∼ 10 mm)  L-Glu-Hist concentration. L-Glu-Hist released O2• in concentrations which stimulated [3H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA and proliferation of mouse spleen lymphocytes and mononuclear cells from human blood. The structural peptide-like analogues of L-Glu-Hist such as L-Glu-Trp, carcinine (β-alanylhistamine), but not L-Pro-Glu-Trp were active in stimulating thymidine incorporation and in inducing proliferation of mononuclear cells compared to mitogen concanavalin A at doses 2·5–25·0 µg/ml. Our data provide evidence that L-Glu-Hist may act as a very fast and sensitive trigger for lymphocyte proliferation and immunoregulation.
Low dose chronicSchistosoma mansoniinfection increases susceptibility toMycobacterium bovisBCG infection in mice
Authors: Elias D , Akuffo H , Thors C , Pawlowski A , Britton S 
Published: February 2005

SummaryThe incidence of mycobacterial diseases is high and the efficacy of Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) is low in most areas of the world where chronic worm infections are common. However, if and how concurrent worm infections could affect immunity to mycobacterial infections has not been elucidated. In this study we investigated whether infection of mice with Schistosoma mansoni could affect the ability of the animals to control Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection and the immune response to mycobacterial antigens. BALB/c mice subclinically infected with S. mansoni were challenged with M. bovis BCG via the intravenous route. The ability of the animals to contain the replication of M. bovis BCG in their organs, lung pathology as well as the in vitro mycobacterial and worm antigen induced immune responses were evaluated. The results showed that S. mansoni coinfected mice had significantly higher levels of BCG bacilli in their organs and sustained greater lung pathology compared to Schistosoma uninfected controls. Moreover, Schistosoma infected mice show depressed mycobacterial antigen specific Th1 type responses. This is an indication that chronic worm infection could affect resistance/susceptibility to mycobacterial infections by impairing mycobacteria antigen specific Th1 type responses. This finding is potentially important in the control of TB in helminth endemic parts of the world.
Altered expression of type I insulin-like growth factor receptor in Crohn's disease
Authors: El Yafi F , Winkler R , Delvenne P , Boussif N , Belaiche J , Louis E 
Published: February 2005

SummaryThe fibrotic and antiapoptotic effects of insulin-like growth factors (IGF) are mediated by type I IGF receptor (IGF-1R). IGFs could play a role in intestinal stricturing and in the maintenance of inflammation in Crohn's disease (CD). We aimed to describe IGF-1R expression in CD intestinal lesions, to compare it to other intestinal inflammatory diseases and to correlate it with fibrosis and apoptosis. IGF-1R expression and apoptosis (active caspase-3) were studied by immunohistochemistry. Surgical intestinal specimens [17 CD, nine controls, six diverticulitis and four ulcerative colitis (UC)] were used. IGF-1R was expressed transmurally mainly by inflammatory cells (IC) and smooth muscle cells, both in diseased intestine and controls. IGF-1R positive IC were increased in the mucosa and the submucosa of CD (P &lt; 0·007), and in involved areas compared to uninvolved areas (P = 0·03). In UC, the number of IGF-1R positive IC was only increased in the mucosa, and was not different from controls in the submucosa. In diverticulitis, the number of IGF-1R positive IC did not differ from controls. In CD submucosa, IGF-1R expression in IC was inversely correlated with apoptosis in uninvolved areas (P = 0·01). Expression of IGF-1R in submucosal fibroblast-like cells, subserosal adipocytes and hypertrophic nervous plexi was specific for CD. We have shown a transmural altered expression of IGF-1R in CD. This may suggest a role for IGF-1R in the maintenance of chronic inflammation and stricture formation in CD.