bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional oceanography affects humpback whale entanglements in set fishing gear
Authors: Schilling Hayden T. , Dedden Adelaide V. , Crocetti Susan , Liggins Geoff , Lorigan Shona , Marshall Andrew , Rogers Tracey L. , Schaeffer Amandine , Suthers Iain M. , Johnson Daniel D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHumpback whales Megaptera novaengliae undertake annual migrations along eastern Australia, where they can be susceptible to entanglement in set fishing gear. This can potentially result in both sublethal and fatal outcomes for the whales, and financial losses for the fishing industry, including loss of gear and catch. Interannual fluctuations in entanglement records suggest that dynamic oceanographic features may be associated with the whales' migration path, and therefore, risk of entanglement. Using records of demersal fish traps off the coast of New South Wales (NSW), we identify two areas of high fishing pressure and entanglement risk overlap. Within each area, we combine entanglement observations with metrics associated with the East Australian Current (EAC) and climate (i.e., southern oscillation index). We show that the strength and position of the EAC was associated with the likelihood of entanglement in set fishing gear. In northern NSW (30.3° S), entanglement risk was highest between July and October when the EAC is relatively close to the coast. In contrast, there was no evidence suggesting that oceanography further south in the separation zone of the EAC (33.8° S) was associated with risk of entanglement. In the years following a strongly negative SOI (i.e., El Niño events), entanglement risk was also reduced. While we provide clear linkages with regional oceanographic dynamics and entanglement risk off NSW, if a dynamic ocean management approach to reducing entanglements is to be realized, further research into the fine‐scale movements of humpback whales is needed.
The utilization of molecular microscope in management of heart transplant recipients in the era of noninvasive monitoring
Authors: Mehlman Yonatan , Valledor Andrea Fernandez , Moeller Cathrine , Rubinstein Gal , Lotan Dor , Rahman Salwa , Oh Kyung T. , Bae David , DeFilippis Ersilia M. , Lin Edward F. , Lee Sun Hi , Raikhelkar Jayant K. , Fried Justin , Theodoropoulos Kleanthis , Colombo Paolo C. , Yuzefpolskaya Melana , Latif Farhana , Clerkin Kevin J. , Sayer Gabriel T. , Uriel Nir 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionMonitoring for graft rejection is a fundamental tenet of post‐transplant follow‐up. In heart transplantation (HT) in particular, rejection has been traditionally assessed with endomyocardial biopsy (EMB). EMB has potential complications and noted limitations, including interobserver variability in interpretation. Additional tests, such as basic cardiac biomarkers, cardiac imaging, gene expression profiling (GEP) scores, donor‐derived cell‐free DNA (dd‐cfDNA) and the novel molecular microscope diagnostic system (MMDx) have become critical tools in rejection surveillance beyond standard EMB.MethodsThis paper describes an illustrative case followed by a review of MMDx within the context of other noninvasive screening modalities for rejection.ConclusionsWe suggest MMDx be used to assist with early detection of rejection in cases of discordance between EMB and other noninvasive studies.
A report of a prospective randomized trial of extended‐release tacrolimus versus immediate release tacrolimus after liver transplantation with anti‐thymocyte induction in a steroid free protocol
Authors: Helmick Ryan A. , Eymard Corey M. , Naik Surabhi , Eason James D. , Nezakatgoo Nosratollah , Nair Satheesh , Vanatta Jason M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeOur study hypothesis was that once daily dosing of extended‐release tacrolimus (XRT) would be a safe and effective immunosuppression (IS) with the potential to decrease adverse events (AEs) associated with immediate release tacrolimus (IRT) after liver transplantation (LT).MethodsAll patients receiving LT at our center received rabbit anti‐thymocyte globulin (RATG) induction therapy. Eligible patients were randomized in a 1:1 fashion to receive either XRT or IRT. Antimicrobial prophylaxis was the same between arms, and both groups received an antimetabolite for the first 6 months following LT. Patients were then followed at pre‐determined study intervals for the following year after LT. We administered the RAND‐36SF survey to assess patient's health‐related quality of life at pre‐determined intervals. All analysis was performed with an intention to treat basis.ResultsWe screened 194 consecutive patients and enrolled 110. Our control and study arms were well matched. Transplant characteristics were similar between groups. At all timepoints, both arms had similar serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), calculated by MDRD6 equation, with post‐transplant GFRs between 60 and 70 mL/min/1.73 m2. Tacrolimus trough levels were similar between arms. The XRT arm had fewer AEs (166) and fewer serious AEs (70) compared to IRT (201 and 99, respectively). AEs most commonly were renal, infectious, or gastrointestinal in nature. While not statistically significant, XRT was held temporarily (25 vs. 35 cases) or discontinued (3 vs. 11 cases) less frequently than IRT and had fewer instances of rejection (7 vs. 12 cases).ConclusionThis analysis showed that XRT is safe and effective as de novo maintenance IS in a steroid‐free protocol with RATG.
Time preference and economic growth: The case for China and international comparisons
Authors: Sun Lixin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, first, we measure Chinese time preferences as a whole and by region based on the Euler equation under an assumption of rational expectation. The calculating results show that the rates of Chinese time preference are markedly low for most hypothetical risk attitudes over the concerning period, and there exists heterogeneity in time preferences across regions in China. Second, compared with the estimates for other advanced and emerging countries under the same assumptions and same methodology, the rates of Chinese time preference are the lowest for any given risk preference, suggesting that Chinese are more patient during the time of our examinations. Third, our measured time preferences are powerful in predicting China's high saving rates and rapid growth rates of gross domestic product. In addition, the differences in economic growth rates between China and other sample countries can be partially explained by the differences of estimated cross‐countries time preferences within our sample period. Fourth, we investigate the additional factors that affect the Chinese time preferences. Our study provides insights on the regional and international differences in economic growth rates and other economic outcomes.
Comparative study of solid‐state fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum versus Saccharomycopsis fibuligera on anti‐nutritional factors, nutritional values and antioxidant activity of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) meal
Authors: Xu Ruiping , Han Jinquan , Tian Tie , Zhu Nengbin , Chen Yiling , Wangkahart Eakapol , Zhang Zhiqi , Liu Jun , Yu Denghang , Wei Jin , Xu Hongsen 
Published: October 2023

SummarySolid‐state fermentation (SSF) is widely used to improve the utility value in the food and feed industries. In the present research, Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomycopsis fibuligera were used for SSF, and then, the nutritional values, anti‐nutritional factors (ANFs) and antioxidant activities of faba bean meal (FBM) were comparatively analysed. The results revealed that SSF with S. fibuligera and L. plantarum effectively reduce the tannin and phytic acid contents and improve the nutritional quality and antioxidant capacity in FBM. Meanwhile, the effects of SSF with L. plantarum on degrading tannin and increasing titratable acidity, trichloroacetic acid‐soluble protein and in vitro protein digestibility were better treated with S. fibuligera. However, antioxidant activities and the amount of phenol and flavonoid were improved more in FBM treated with S. fibuligera than those fermented with L. plantarum. Taken together, the results indicated that both L. plantarum and S. fibuligera could be used for SSF of FBM, and SSF with those two microorganisms has great potential in improving the nutritional values, antioxidant capacities and decreasing ANFs contents of FBM.
Divide and conquer: Relating patent quality and value in a conceptual framework based on a systematic review
Authors: Ananthraman Srinivasan , Cambré Bart , Kittler Markus , Delcamp Henry 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPatents as intangible assets are subjects of burgeoning empirical research. However, there is limited knowledge of how patent quality and patent value can be conceptualized, distinguished, and related. Distinguishing these concepts and relating them in a theoretical framework would enable the assessment and improvement of patent quality, which has implications for all the stakeholders in patents. We ground this study in the emergent ex‐ante theory of patent value and conduct a systematic review of 340 papers that investigate patent quality or value. Based on a comparative analysis of the patentability standards adopted by the patent offices in the United States, Europe, and Japan, we delineate four dimensions of patent quality—subject matter, utility, non‐obviousness or inventive step, and sufficiency of disclosure. Our study contributes to theory by providing an elaborated conceptual model that relates the different dimensions of patent quality and patent value and mapping the different types of indicators of patent quality and value onto the corresponding patent quality or value dimensions. Our study suggests that patent policymakers can incentivize innovators to file patent applications of high quality, which would reduce the incidence of poor‐quality patents in the system and improve the efficiency and reputation of the patent office.
Visual audience gatekeeping on social media platforms: A critical investigation on visual information diffusion before and during the Russo–Ukrainian War
Authors: Durani Khalid , Eckhardt Andreas , Durani Walid , Kollmer Tim , Augustin Nils 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGatekeepers, including prerogative elites and institutions, possess multifaceted tools for controlling information. Historically, these gatekeepers have systematically instrumentalized visual information to shape audience perceptions in alignment with specific agendas. However, the advent of social media platforms has disrupted these power dynamics, empowering audiences through user‐driven visual information exchanges. This has led to visual audience gatekeeping whereby users act as audience gatekeepers by selectively disseminating visual content, thus shaping information diffusion. While this democratisation of gatekeeping holds considerable promise for user empowerment, it also presents risks. These risks stem from the inherently persuasive yet manipulative qualities of visual content, compounded by users' susceptibility to unconscious biases, especially during polarising events. Therefore, we critically investigated visual audience gatekeeping in the context of the Russo–Ukrainian War, specifically focusing on a Reddit subforum devoted to Russia‐related discussions. We find that visual audience gatekeeping operates within a paradigm that reflects the social reality the audience embraces. Audience gatekeepers disseminate visual information both to reproduce and defend an idealised conception of this social reality. Collectively, they produce a visual echo chamber characterised by low information diversity, which, in turn, reinforces and perpetuates the incumbent paradigm. However, heightened social tensions can trigger a paradigm shift and amplify the reproduction and defence processes, increasing the potential for the diffusion of more radical and extreme visual narratives. Based on our findings, we propose a theoretical model of visual audience gatekeeping, which has important implications for research on visuals, gatekeeping and social media platforms.
Epithelioid Leiomyosarcoma of the Skin
Authors: Suh Kee‐Suk , Jang Min‐Soo , Chae Young‐Soo , Kim Sang‐Tae 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe report a case of epithelioid leiomyosarcoma that developed on the nose of a 55‐year‐old Korean male over a one year period. The lesion was a pea sized, firm, erythematous, painless nodule with erosion in the center. Histologic examination revealed short spindled cells with blunt‐ended nuclei and pleomorphic round to oval epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm that were perivascular and densely packed in the dermis. Immunostaining for desmin was negative, although stains for vimentin and smooth muscle actin were both strongly positive.
Erythrocyte engineering for drug delivery and targeting
Authors: Magnani Mauro , Rossi Luigia , D'ascenzo Marcello , Panzani Ivo , Bigi Leonardo , Zanella Andrea 
Published: October 2023

A new procedure for the encapsulation of non‐diffusible drugs into human erythrocytes was developed. With as little as 50 ml of blood and by using a new apparatus, it was possible to encapsulate a variety of biologically active compounds into erythrocytes in 2 h at room temperature and under blood‐banking conditions. The process, which is based on two sequential hypotonic dilutions of washed red cells followed by concentration with a haemofilter and resealing of red cells, allows a 35–50% cell recovery and approx. 30% encapsulation of added drugs. The resulting processed erythrocytes have a normal survival in vivo and can be modified further, with the same apparatus, to increase their recognition by tissue macrophages to perform as a drug‐targeting system. The new equipment designed and built for this procedure was named ‘Red Cell Loader’.
Investigation of biosynthesis of human lymphotoxin in cells of recombinant Escherichia coli strain
Authors: Denisov Alexander A. , Nikolaeva Olga G. 
Published: October 2023

The effect of cultivation conditions on the biosynthesis of human lymphotoxin in recombinant Escherichia coli SG20050/pLT21 strain was studied. Cells of the producing strain were grown in Luria broth containing chloramphenicol. The highest biomass yield of the recombinant strain and plasmid DNA stability were observed under these conditions. To enhance the level of lymphotoxin production an inoculate containing freshly obtained or frozen with glycerol transformants of the producing strain were used, and the cultivation process was performed at 32 °C. As a result, lymphotoxin was synthesized in a soluble form without the formation of inclusion bodies. A study of the protein synthesis dynamics during the cultivation of E. coli at 32 °C showed that the highest lymphotoxin activity was observed during the exponential growth phase, being maximal at the end of the exponential phase and at the beginning of the stationary phase. The set of indicated methods allowed us to maximize and stabilize the production of lymphotoxin in a biologically active form with a final yield of 18–20% from cell protein.
Peroxidase production in vitro by Armoracia lapathifolia (horseradish)‐transformed root cultures: effect of elicitation on level and profile of isoenzymes
Authors: Flocco Cecilia Gabriela , Alvarez María Alejandra , María Ana 
Published: October 2023

Transformed roots of Armoracia lapathifolia (horseradish) were established by infection with Agrobacterium rhizogenes LBA 9402. They were used as a culture system in vitro for peroxidase production in vitro, to avoid many of the problems that affect the traditional production from field‐grown species of Armoracia sp. The time course of growth of these cultures showed that total peroxidase attained maximum levels at the end of the exponential growth phase. At this stage of culture, elicitation assays were performed with AgNO3 and CuSO4 as abiotic elicitors and with fungal extracts of Verticillum sp., Monodyctis cataneae and Aspergillus niger as biotic elicitors. The best results were obtained with Verticillum sp., 24 h after elicitation, with an increase of approx. 100% in peroxidase activity. The isoenzyme pattern analysed by isoelectric focusing revealed predominantly basic and acidic isoenzymes in both plant roots and transformed root cultures. Elicited samples showed a similar isoenzyme pattern with a slight increase in basic isoenzymes.
Characterization of soybean lipoxygenase immobilized in cross‐ linked phyllosilicates
Authors: Hsu An‐Fei , Shen Siyuan , Wu Emily , Foglia Thomas A. 
Published: October 2023

Lipoxygenase (LOX) is an enzyme that regioselectively introduces the hydroperoxide functionality into polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid (LA). Hydroperoxide derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids are of interest because they can serve as important intermediates in the synthesis of chemical and pharmaceutical compounds. In this study, LOX was immobilized in dispersed phyllosilicate layers that were cross‐linked with silicate polymers formed by the hydrolysis of tetramethyl orthosilicates. The effects of substrate concentration, reaction temperature and solvent participation were studied on the oxidation of LA by LOX. The temperature optimum for the oxidation of LA by immobilized LOX was 25 °C and values of Km and Vmax for this reaction were 1.7 mM and 0.023 μmol/min respectively. Enzymic activity was stimulated by the addition of 10% (v/v) iso‐octane to the reaction mixture. The immobilized LOX preparation showed a degree of substrate preference that demonstrated that 1,3‐dilinolein was a better substrate than LA in the oxidation reaction, followed in order by 1‐ monolinolein, methyl oleate and trilinolein. In general, LOX immobilized in cross‐linked phyllosilicates retained the physical and chemical characteristics of free LOX.
Chromatographic removal and heat inactivation of hepatitis A virus during manufacture of human albumin
Authors: Adcock Wayne L. , MacGregor Andrew , Davies Jeff R. , Hattarki Meghan , Anderson David A. , Goss Neil H. 
Published: October 2023

CSL Limited, an Australian biopharmaceutical company, has recently converted its method of manufacture for human albumin from a traditional Cohn‐ethanol fractionation method to a method employing chromatographic techniques. Studies were undertaken to determine the efficiency of the chromatographic and pasteurization steps used in the manufacture of Albumex® (CSL's trade name for albumin) in removing and inactivating the potential viral contaminant, hepatitis A virus (HAV). The manufacturing process for Albumex® includes three chromatographic steps, two of which are ion‐exchange steps (DEAE‐ Sepharose® Fast Flow and CM‐Sepharose® Fast Flow) and the third is a gel‐filtration step (Sephacryl® S200 HR). The final stage of the Albumex® process involves a bulk pasteurization step where product is held at 60 °C for 10 h. HAV partitioning experiments on the DEAE‐Sepharose® FF and CM‐Sepharose® FF ion‐ exchange and Sephacryl® S200 HR gel‐filtration columns were performed with scaled‐down models of the production‐scale chromatographic Albumex® process. Production samples collected before each of the chromatographic steps were spiked with HAV and processed through each of the scaled‐down chromatographic columns. Samples collected during processing were assayed and the log10 reduction factors calculated. Inactivation kinetics of HAV were examined during the pasteurization of Albumex® 5 and 20 [5% and 20% (w/v) albumin solutions] held at 60 °C for 10 h. Log10 reductions for HAV through the DEAE‐Sepharose® FF, CM‐ Sepharose® FF and Sephacryl® S200 HR chromatographic columns were 5.3, 1.5 and 4.2 respectively, whereas a 4.4 and a greater than 3.9 log10 reduction in HAV in Albumex® 5 and 20 respectively were achieved during pasteurization.
THE SECURITY PRICE EFFECTS OF PUBLIC DEBT DEFAULTS
Authors: Betker Brian L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA debt default requires a restructuring that may take place in or out of court. By examining security returns around a sample of public debt defaults, only some of which end in bankruptcy, I provide new evidence on the costs and benefits of bankruptcy compared with workouts. Evidence from security returns implies that bankruptcy is more costly than a workout, but that the cost differential is reduced for firms with large net operating loss carryforwards. The evidence is also consistent with the argument that equity has greater option value in a workout relative to bankruptcy.
THE CAUSES OF VOLATILITY IN A SMALL, INTERNATIONALLY INTEGRATED STOCK MARKET: IRELAND, JULY 1975–JUNE 1994
Authors: Kearney Colm 
Published: October 2023

AbstractI examine the causes of conditional volatility in a small, internationally integrated stock market using the Irish stock market as an example. I relate Irish stock market conditional volatility to British stock market conditional volatility and business cycle variables from July 1975 to May 1994. Exchange rate volatility is a more significant determinant of volatility in a small, internationally integrated stock market than is interest rate volatility. It follows that a potential benefit of membership in the European Monetary System may be reduced stock market volatility in the smaller member countries.
THE DYNAMICS OF QUOTED LIQUIDITY AROUND LARGE TRADES ON THE NYSE
Authors: Moulton Jonathan S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLarge trades have potentially disruptive effects on the continuation of subsequent trade. If the large trade executes against volume from limit orders or specialist quotations, continued trade may be unavailable until new liquidity enters the market. Evidence presented in this paper indicates that large trades on the NYSE are followed by decreases in quoted liquidity, which last for an average of fifteen minutes. Both the decreases in quoted liquidity and the time to its subsequent return are related to trade‐specific factors. This evidence suggests that not all large trades have the same effect on the continuation of trade.
The incorporation of peer learning into MosoTeach‐supported flipped language class: Effects on student motivation, participation, feedback and test performance
Authors: Li Ling , Huang Chang‐Qin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground StudyAs flipped learning is a flexible pedagogical methodology to tailor students' needs and maximize the learning effects, this study integrated peer learning with MosoTeach‐supported flipped mode in an undergraduate blended EFL course. MosoTeach is a popular online learning platform in China with a variety of learning resources.ObjectivesThe study aimed to test the impact of MosoTeach flipped learning (MTFL) mode on undergraduate EFL students' perceived motivation, participation, feedback, and test performance.MethodsA quasi‐experimental design was carried out in Z university during the spring semester of 2020, with the experimental group (n = 34) adopting the MTFL model and a control group (n = 33) the non‐flipped mode.Results and ConclusionsThe independent t‐test results showed that the experimental MTFL group outperformed the control group in post‐test scores, and a positive correlation was found in the relationship between the experimental MTFL group's post‐test scores and MosoTeach learning experience points (LEPs). Moreover, the course perception questionnaire survey indicated a higher level of students' perceived motivation, participation, and feedback in the experimental MTFL group, which corresponded to the results of the content analysis of students' responses to open‐ended questions and reflective reports. But students in both groups experienced challenges such as isolation, procrastination and technological anxiety.