bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanding Research on Contextual Factors in Autism Research: What Took Us So Long?
Authors: Mailick Marsha , Bennett Teresa , DaWalt Leann Smith , Durkin Maureen S. , Forbes Gordon , Howlin Patricia , Lord Catherine , Zaidman‐Zait Anat , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Bal Vanessa , Bishop Somer , Chiang Chung‐Hsin , DiMartino Adriana , Freitag Christine M. , Georgiades Stelios , Hollocks Matthew , Lai Meng‐Chuan , Maenner Matthew J. , Powell Patrick S. , Taylor Julie Lounds , Halladay Alycia 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAlthough autism is a childhood‐onset neurodevelopmental disorder, its features change across the life course due to a combination of individual and contextual influences. However, the influence of contextual factors on development during childhood and beyond is less frequently studied than individual factors such as genetic variants that increase autism risk, IQ, language, and autistic features. Potentially important contexts include the family environment and socioeconomic status, social networks, school, work, services, neighborhood characteristics, environmental events, and sociocultural factors. Here, we articulate the benefit of studying contextual factors, and we offer selected examples of published longitudinal autism studies that have focused on how individuals develop within context. Expanding the autism research agenda to include the broader context in which autism emerges and changes across the life course can enhance understanding of how contexts influence the heterogeneity of autism, support strengths and resilience, or amplify disabilities. We describe challenges and opportunities for future research on contextual influences and provide a list of digital resources that can be integrated into autism data sets. It is important to conceptualize contextual influences on autism development as main exposures, not only as descriptive variables or factors needing statistical control.
Comparative Analysis of SCM Muscle Fatigue in Office Workers with Hunched Posture: A Study on Chronic Lower Back Pain versus Non‐Affected Individuals
Authors: Guduru Rama Krishna Reddy , Ramineni Joshna , M. M. Ramakrishna , D. Sridhar , Bharathi Hema 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study examines the disparities between people suffering from chronic lower back pain (LBP) and those who do not, with a particular focus on how extended periods of sitting with poor posture affect fatigue and discomfort in the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles among office employees. Eighty university staff and students were enrolled in the study by matching age, BMI, and type of job. They were split into two groups later: a control group (n = 40) with no back pain and a pain group (n = 40) with a history of lower back pain (LBP). Pain intensity was measured using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), while SCM muscle activity was measured via surface electromyography (sEMG) during both normal and hunched postures. Participants maintained each posture for a specified duration of 30 min. The study revealed that Pain_Hunched group exhibited significantly reduced SCM muscle activity compared to the Control_Hunched group (mean difference = −9.728, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the SCM muscle activity in the Pain_Hunched group was significantly lower than that of the Pain_Normal group (mean difference = −2.769, p = 0.041). These results highlight the heightened SCM muscle activity during hunched postures, particularly in individuals with LBP. The results emphasize the crucial role posture plays in influencing SCM muscle activation and pain perception among individuals with LBP. These results imply that correcting one's posture could be a useful pain management intervention technique for this population. The long‐term impacts of postural adjustments and their possible advantages in clinical contexts, such as incorporating ergonomic interventions or specific exercise regimens, should be investigated in future studies.
Advancing PLP Biosynthesis: Enhanced Stability and Activity of EcPdxK via LXTE‐600 Immobilization
Authors: Ye Yunhui , Zhang Heng , Fan Xinyu , Yao Qilong , Lu Chenhong , Liu Junzhong , Jiao Qingcai 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPyridoxal 5ʹ‐phosphate (PLP) plays an essential role in a multitude of cellular processes due to its function as a critical coenzyme. This study introduces a significant advancement in PLP biosynthesis by enhancing the stability and activity of Escherichia coli–derived pyridoxal kinase (EcPdxK) through immobilization on an innovative epoxy resin, LXTE‐600. Our approach involved the systematic optimization of enzyme loading, coupling duration, and temperature, which resulted in improved immobilization efficiency and a high loading capacity of 80 mg/g. The characterization of immobilized EcPdxK@LXTE‐600 was conducted using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), confirming successful immobilization. This process notably enhanced the enzyme's performance, increasing its tolerance to pH and temperature fluctuations, thereby improving its thermal stability. The immobilized EcPdxK@LXTE‐600 retained over 80% of its initial activity after 4 weeks of storage at 4°C and could be reused up to eight cycles while maintaining more than 70% of its initial activity. These findings not only demonstrate the efficacy of the LXTE‐600‐based immobilization method but also suggest promising industrial applications for the sustainable production of PLP, potentially revolutionizing approaches in biotechnological and pharmaceutical sectors.
The GCSE attainment gap: Assessing the influence of permanent school exclusion
Authors: Hills Stephen , Walker Matthew , Guinn James , Kent Aubrey 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPermanent school exclusions continue to be a topic of keen interest to UK schools and policymakers. The debate over the practice has recently intensified owing to the perceived negative outcomes directly resulting from the exclusion event. Research has indeed shown that pupils who have been permanently excluded are at a greater risk for a variety of negative life outcomes when compared with their non‐excluded peers. However, that disadvantaged groups are disproportionately represented among those excluded has not been accounted for in empirical testing. Accordingly, previous measures of the influence of permanent exclusion may have over‐estimated its negative consequences because they have not controlled for disadvantageous pupil characteristics. This is a critical limitation of the research owing to the influence of confounding variables and sample selection bias. Using the National Pupil Database and a full cohort of UK pupils (N = 590,092), our analysis tracked a sample of 1490 pupils permanently excluded in year 11 of the English education system in 2018/2019. Using capped GCSE points as the academic attainment variable, we find that permanently excluded pupil scores were nearly 25 points lower than their non‐permanently excluded peers. However, when controlling for disadvantageous pupil characteristics, this difference was cut roughly in half. As such, we conclude that permanent exclusion is neither the catalyst of disadvantage nor a continuation of disadvantage on the same trajectory, but rather an accentuation of existing disadvantage. In other words, the existing trajectory of disadvantage gets steeper following the permanent exclusion event. Therefore, considering that the GCSE attainment gap found is equally attributable to both permanent exclusion and disadvantageous pupil characteristics, policymakers should both limit permanent exclusion to being a last resort and provide additional support for pupils at risk of being permanently excluded. Including a permanently excluded pupil's GCSE attainment in their former school's academic league table data incentivises schools to act in the best interests of these highly disadvantaged and vulnerable pupils.
Machine learning‐assisted point‐of‐care diagnostics for cardiovascular healthcare
Authors: Wang Kaidong , Tan Bing , Wang Xinfei , Qiu Shicheng , Zhang Qiuping , Wang Shaolei , Yen Ying‐Tzu , Jing Nan , Liu Changming , Chen Xuxu , Liu Shichang , Yu Yan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to drive global mortality rates, underscoring an urgent need for advancements in healthcare solutions. The development of point‐of‐care (POC) devices that provide rapid diagnostic services near patients has garnered substantial attention, especially as traditional healthcare systems face challenges such as delayed diagnoses, inadequate care, and rising medical costs. The advancement of machine learning techniques has sparked considerable interest in medical research and engineering, offering ways to enhance diagnostic accuracy and relevance. Improved data interoperability and seamless connectivity could enable real‐time, continuous monitoring of cardiovascular health. Recent breakthroughs in computing power and algorithmic design, particularly deep learning frameworks that emulate neural processes, have revolutionized POC devices for CVDs, enabling more frequent detection of abnormalities and automated, expert‐level diagnosis. However, challenges such as data privacy concerns and biases in dataset representation continue to hinder clinical integration. Despite these barriers, the translational potential of machine learning‐assisted POC devices presents significant opportunities for advancement in CVDs healthcare.
The Reductive Addition–Oxidative Elimination Mechanism
Authors: Lerma–Berlanga Belén , Leyva–Pérez. Antonio 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe oxidative addition–reductive elimination (OARE) mechanism of reactive molecules on metal atoms is a cornerstone of modern chemistry. However, the complementary reductive addition–oxidative elimination (RAOE) mechanism is barely considered, despite a first reduction reaction between metal atoms and the incoming organic reactant makes chemical sense in a plethora of processes. Here we show, in a chronological order, early precedents in the literature which indicated the possibility of a general RAOE mechanism, the few systems explicitly reported so far (including a catalytic system) and some other reactions where a RAOE mechanism would satisfactorily explain the mechanistic evidences found. These examples, together, strongly suggest that researchers should consider the RAOE mechanism during their investigations, and not simply adjust their conclusions to the omnipresent OARE mechanism. This new line of thinking might open new avenues in the design of chemical reactions, particularly catalytic ones.
Anticipating Natural Phenolics Through Visible Light‐Induced Photorearrangement of Quinones
Authors: Fadeev Alexander A. , Kotora Martin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA general protocol for the photorearrangement of substituted benzo‐ and naphthoquinones using monochromatic blue light irradiation in solution was developed. During this process, the quinone ring is transformed into the hydroquinone, while the substituent undergoes desaturation or annulation onto the proximal oxygen of the formed hydroquinone. We found that desaturation was preferred for acyclic saturated substituents, such as alkyl groups, and the tendency for annulation was observed for both cyclic and acyclic unsaturated substituents (allyl, alkenyl, aryl). The diversity of the participating substituents and the functional group tolerance of this transformation allowed us to prepare 10 natural phenolic compounds, suggesting that visible light may likewise induce their formation from the respective quinones in natural sources.
Principles for Stereoselective Separation of Chiral Drug Compounds Enantiomers and Diastereomers in Pharmaceuticals and Biopharmaceuticals Using Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Vadagam Niroja , Haridasyam Sharath Babu , Lakka Narasimha S. , Kuppan Chandrasekar , Ravinathan Poornima , Chinnakadoori Sanjeeva R. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn the fields of pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals, chiral liquid chromatography techniques including high‐performance liquid chromatography and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography are frequently used to isolate, identify, separate, and quantify chiral isomers, including enantiomers and diastereomers (stereoisomers), due to the significant differences in biological activity and therapeutic effects of stereoisomers. The authors have provided a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles necessary for using liquid chromatography to separate and accurately estimate chiral compounds that exhibit stereoisomerism (both enantiomers and diastereomers). The development strategies outlined include the selection of chromatographic conditions, optimization of sample preparation, evaluation of degradation pathways, establishment of system suitability criteria, and execution of method validation studies. Additionally, this article supports the development of robust and stability‐indicating methods by applying one factor at a time and design of experiments concepts for chiral drugs and their chiral impurities in pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals. The method validation attributes essential to evaluate the characteristics of the developed method were discussed in this write‐up. The validation parameters include specificity, linearity, detection limit, quantitation limit, accuracy, precision, solution stability.
Physicochemical vs Electrochemical Technologies for Metal Recovery – Main Insights, Comparison, Complementarity and Challenges
Authors: Mourdikoudis Stefanos , Dominguez‐Benetton Xochitl 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe quest toward the development of new, more eco‐friendly removal/recycling/recovery methods for a range of valuable elements is intense nowadays. In this Review we present and discuss in a critical way the best available physicochemical processes versus modern electrochemical approaches for metal recovery of elements which form part of spent catalysts or other sources such as wastewater, mining waste and spent batteries. These techniques include coagulation/flocculation, precipitation, electrocoagulation/electroflotation, membrane electrolysis, electrodeposition/electrowinning and gas‐diffusion electrocrystallization (GDEx). Several key performance indicators (KPIs) are utilized to facilitate the critical analysis of the different recovery methods. Such indicators have to do, for example, with the efficiency, the cost, the complexity, and the environmental friendliness of the methods used. In some cases, the recovered metals can be further used for specific applications, including the fabrication of electrocatalysts for reactions of interest. When possible, the more novel electrified technologies are benchmarked versus the state‐of‐the art approaches. This manuscript helps to summarize all types of approaches in a comparative manner. When the targeted metal cannot be recovered by any of the technologies explored, its removal can also be considered as satisfactory in some extent, especially if the element under discussion poses a risk of toxicity for the environment or for human health. Recovery technologies are sometimes combined for an optimum effect, exploiting the advantages of each approach and mitigating their drawbacks. Our review provides also some examples for ‘removal‐only’ possibilities of the studied methods, though its primary focus is the metal recovery aiming for metal reuse in the best possible scenarios.
An Efficient Solid‐Phase Synthetic Approach to Prepare TACN‐Functionalized Peptides
Authors: Yeung Yik‐Hoi , Lam Pak‐Lun , Thor Waygen , Kai Hei‐Yui , Cheung Tsz‐Lam , Wu Yue , Law Ga‐Lai , Long Nicholas J. , Wong Ka‐Leung 
Published: February 2025

Abstract1,4,7‐triazacyclononane (TACN) derivatives play important roles in various metal‐based biomedical applications. However, the unmanageable functionalization of TACN remains a long‐standing challenge to yield useful partially substituted building blocks. Herein, by utilizing nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) as a thiol‐liable protecting group for secondary amines, a bis‐NBD‐substituted TACN was obtained as the first example in the preparation of partially substituted TACN without strict stoichiometric control and column chromatography. Upon facile deprotection of NBD using solid‐phase synthesis, a series of TACN‐peptide conjugates with different bioactive peptides and chelating units were derivatized from the TACN building block, demonstrating the potential widespread application of this work.
Automated Investigation of Metal‐Ligand Interactions by a Newly Established Robotic Workflow for Titrations
Authors: Ringleb Michael , Klähn Lukas , Zechel Stefan , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this work, we present a new workflow to set up an automated platform for the investigation of metal complex formation in solutions. With the utilization of this robot titration platform, the generation of an abundancy of solvated metal complexes in differing coordination number is possible in a simple manner. The generated complexes can subsequently be sampled into differing vessels to examine them in detail. We present sampling for UV/Vis and NMR spectroscopy at chosen model systems, however, the platform can easily be adapted to provide samples for other techniques, e. g., for infrared spectroscopy.
Team Affective Climate Toward Disability as a Facilitator of Job Inclusion of Employees With Disabilities: Examining Mediational Paths
Authors: Gamero Nuria , Sanclemente Francisco J. , Medina Francisco J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe integration of employees with disabilities in the workplace is a critical issue for organizations aiming to foster inclusivity and diversity. The purpose of this study was to examine how team affective climate toward disability influences the job inclusion of employees with disabilities. Three indicators of job inclusion were considered: job satisfaction, affective commitment, and the desire to stay in the organization. We examined three mediating mechanisms. First, the mediating role of team‐shared stigma. Second, the mediating role of the quality of within‐team relationships. Third, a mixed meditational path, where team affective climate→team‐shared stigma→relationships quality→job inclusion. The sample was composed of 258 employees from 66 teams included in 15 organizations. Each team included an employee with disabilities. We used PROCESS to test our mediation hypotheses. Our results indicated that the indirect effect of the teams' affective climate toward disability in job inclusion followed a causal chain through the teams' shared stigma and the quality of within‐team relationships. Implications for theory, research, and practice based on our findings are discussed.
Cu‐catalyzed Bilateral Linkage of Sulfenamides for the Construction of Benzothiophene‐based Cyclic Sulfilimines
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Sun Rutian , Zeng Daming , Wang Ming , Jiang Xuefeng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA CuI‐catalyzed bilateral linkage of S‐phenethyl‐sulfenamides with cyclic diaryliodonium salts was developed for the one‐step construction of benzothiophene‐based cyclic sulfilimines. The challenging cyclic sulfoximines can be efficiently obtained via subsequent oxidation. Photophysical properties and DFT calculations reveal that cyclic sulfoximines, compared to cyclic sulfilimines and sulfones, exhibit larger Stokes shifts and reduced HOMO‐LUMO orbital overlap.
Experimental and computational fluid dynamics analysis on the influence of fuel injection pressure on engine's behavior of a gasohol based gasoline direct injection engine
Authors: Murugan Muniyappan , Masimalai Senthilkumar , Subramanian Arulselvan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis work examines the impact of fuel injection pressure (FIP) on engine's behavior of a multi cylinder gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine using gasohol (85% gasoline+15% ethanol by mass) as fuel. The FIP was varied from 90r to 120 bar at 10 bar intervals with the fuel injection timing 320° before top dead center (BTDC). experiments were performed at variable power at a constant speed of 2500 rpm. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were carried out for the above said conditions to understand engine's behavior. Considering the conventional FIP (i.e.90 bar), increasing the FIP showed improvement in engine's brake thermal efficiency (BTE) up to110 bar. The maximum BTE was observed as 33.5% at the engine power output of 21 kW (where as it was 27.2% with the FIP of 90 bar). CFD results confirmed the improvement in the air‐fuel mixing rate and swirl motion due to the increased FIP. The hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emission were reduced with increased FIPs. CFD results on the HC and CO emissions indicated well agreement with the experiments. With the higher injection pressures, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions showed an increase at all loads. The in cylinder pressure was observed to be higher with higher FIPs. It is concluded that increasing the FIP might improve performance and lower HC and CO emissions of a Gasohol based fuel in GDI engine. The optimized FIP of 110 bar could be recommended for the aforementioned engine's greatest performance without any modifications in the engine design while injecting the fuel at 320° BTDC. Increase in NOx emissions at higher injection pressure needs attention. The present study restricted the amount of ethanol as 15% by mass. Higher proportions of ethanol admissions require major modifications in the engine design.
Categorization of Food Consumption Patterns in Indigenous Communities of the Quilotoa in Ecuador
Authors: Rojas Edgar Wilson , Benítez Sofía , Andrade Myriam Jicela , Castillo Luis , Ochsner Rosmerie , Sarmiento Nelly 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPreliminary evidence suggests that rural areas have poor nutritional indicators despite their self‐sufficient local production. Thus, this study aimed to categorize the food consumption patterns of the rural Indigenous population next to the Quilotoa Lagoon in Ecuador based on the frequency of food intake. Data were obtained from 258 Indigenous farmers using structured and validated consumption frequency questionnaires. The consumption of 91 foods classified into eight groups was evaluated using concordance indicators, correlation analysis, and multivariate techniques such as principal component analysis and correspondence factor analysis. Consumption levels were categorized by stratifying the proportion of families that consumed each food item. Four consumption pattern types were identified. The category with “high consumption” foods, greater than 66.8%, was based on foods rich in carbohydrates, such as rice (89.3%), potatoes (88.9%), oats (74.1%), and morocho (74%). Protein intake was limited to eggs (82%) and fish (73.5%). Vegetables, such as carrots (90.4%) and onions (96.1%), were highly consumed but classified as condiments in meal preparation. Chicken (66.5%) and milk (61%) were categorized as “moderate consumption.” Local foods such as melloco (37.1%) and oca (28.2%) were classified as “low consumption”. Lastly, the most produced local food, chocho, had a consumption rate of 14.3%, which was considered “very low consumption”. When analyzing consumption patterns by area, the Chugchilan parish with High Center or Quilotoa‐Paved Road zones showed very good concordance (0.81 and 0.79, respectively), while the Subtropical zone had less concordance (0.73). Foods rich in high‐calorie carbohydrates were the most commonly consumed across all four consumption patterns.