bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The links between physical activity and prosocial behavior: an fNIRS hyperscanning study
Authors: Ishihara Toru , Hashimoto Shinnosuke , Tamba Natsuki , Hyodo Kazuki , Matsuda Tetsuya , Takagishi Haruto 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The prevalence of physically inactive lifestyles in modern society raises concerns about the potential association with poor brain health, particularly in the lateral prefrontal cortex, which is crucial for human prosocial behavior. Here, we explored the relationship between physical activity and prosocial behavior, focusing on potential neural markers, including intra-brain functional connectivity and inter-brain synchrony in the lateral prefrontal cortex. Forty participants, each paired with a stranger, completed two experimental conditions in a randomized order: (i) face-to-face and (ii) face stimulus (eye-to-eye contact with a face stimulus of a fictitious person displayed on the screen). Following each condition, participants played economic games with either their partner or an assumed person displayed on the screen. Neural activity in the lateral prefrontal cortex was recorded by functional near-infrared spectroscopy hyperscanning. Sparse multiset canonical correlation analysis showed that a physically inactive lifestyle was covaried with poorer reciprocity, greater trust, shorter decision-making time, and weaker intra-brain connectivity in the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex and poorer inter-brain synchrony in the ventral lateral prefrontal cortex. These associations were observed exclusively in the face-to-face condition. Our findings suggest that a physically inactive lifestyle may alter human prosocial behavior by impairing adaptable prosocial decision-making in response to social factors through altered intra-brain functional connectivity and inter-brain synchrony.
Menger-Type Connectivity of Line Graphs of Generalized Hypercubes With Faulty Edges
Authors: Jia Huanshen , Qian Jianguo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A connected graph $G$ is called strongly Menger edge connected if $G$ has min{deg$_{G}(x)$, deg$_{G}(y)$} edge-disjoint paths between any two distinct vertices $x$ and $y$ in $G$. In this paper, we consider two types of the strongly Menger edge connectivity of the line graphs of generalized $n$-dimensional hypercubes with faulty edges, namely the $m$-edge-fault-tolerant and $m$-conditional edge-fault-tolerant strongly Menger edge connectivity. We show that the line graphs of all generalized $n$-dimensional hypercubes are $(2n-4)$-edge-fault-tolerant strongly Menger edge connected for $n\geq 3$ and $(4n-10)$-conditional edge-fault-tolerant strongly Menger edge connected for $n\geq 4$. The two bounds for the maximum numbers of faulty edges are best possible.
Association of Bowel Urgency With Quality-of-Life Measures in Patients With Moderately-to-Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis: Results From Phase 3 LUCENT-1 (Induction) and LUCENT-2 (Maintenance) Studies
Authors: Long Millie D , Schreiber Stefan , Hibi Toshifumi , Gibble Theresa Hunter , Fisher Deborah A , Park Gina , Moses Richard E , Higgins Peter D R , Lindsay James O , Lee Scott D , Escobar Rodrigo , Jairath Vipul 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Improvement in bowel urgency (BU) was associated with better clinical outcomes in phase 3 LUCENT-1 (induction) and LUCENT-2 (maintenance) studies in moderately-to-severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). We assessed association of BU with quality-of-life (QoL) outcomes.

Methods
LUCENT-1: 1162 patients randomized 3:1 to intravenous mirikizumab 300 mg or placebo every 4 weeks (Q4W) for 12 weeks. LUCENT-2: 544 mirikizumab induction responders re-randomized 2:1 to subcutaneous mirikizumab 200 mg or placebo Q4W through Week (W) 40 (W52 of continuous treatment). Patients reported BU severity in the past 24 hours using a validated Urgency Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). In patients with baseline Urgency NRS ≥3, the association between BU Clinically Meaningful Improvement (CMI; ≥3-point decrease) and remission (score 0 or 1) with patient-reported outcomes was assessed at W12 and W52.

Results
A significantly greater proportion of patients with versus without BU Remission achieved IBDQ remission (W12: 87.3% vs 42.7%, P &lt; .0001; W52: 91.4% vs 45.5%, p &lt; .0001). Similarly, BU Remission was associated with more patients achieving CMI in SF-36 Physical Component Summary (W12: 69.0% vs 44.4%, P &lt; .0001; W52: 77.5% vs 42.1%, P &lt; .0001) and Mental Component Summary (W12: 53.5% vs 41.0%, P = .0019; W52: 62.0% vs 38.3%, P &lt; .0001) scores. At W12 and W52, patients with BU CMI or Remission showed significant improvements in EQ-5D-5L and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment:UC scores. Significant improvements were also seen in fatigue, abdominal pain, and nocturnal stool.

Conclusions
In patients with moderately-to-severely active UC, improvement in BU was associated with improved QoL in phase 3 LUCENT-1 and LUCENT-2 studies.

Clinical Studies
LUCENT-1: NCT03518086; LUCENT-2: NCT03524092
Preoperative predictors of successful tumour localization by intraoperative molecular imaging with pafolacianine in lung cancer to create predictive nomogram
Authors: Bou-Samra Patrick , Joffe Jonah , Chang Austin , Guo Emily , Segil Alix , Azari Feredun , Kennedy Gregory , Din Azra , Hwang Wei-Ting , Singhal Sunil 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Intraoperative molecular imaging (IMI) uses cancer-targeted fluorescent probe to locate nodules. Pafolacianine is a Food and Drug Administration-approved fluorescent probe for lung cancer. However, it has a 8–12% false negative rate for localization. Our goal is to define preoperative predictors of tumour localization by IMI.

METHODS
We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent IMI using pafolacianine for lung lesions from June 2015 to August 2019. Candidate predictors including sex, age, body mass index, smoking history, tumour size, distance of tumour from surface, use of neoadjuvant therapy and positron emission tomography avidity were included. The outcome was fluorescence in vivo and comprehensively included those who were true or false positives negatives. Multiple imputation was used to handle the missing data. The final model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.

RESULTS
Three hundred nine patients were included in our study. The mean age was 64 (standard deviation 13) and 68% had a smoking history. The mean distance of the tumours from the pleural surface was 0.4 cm (standard deviation 0.6). Smoking in pack-years and distance from pleura had an odds ratio of 0.99 [95% confidence interval: 0.98–0.99; P = 0.03] and 0.46 [95% confidence interval: 0.27–0.78; P = 0.004], respectively. The final model had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.68 and was used to create a nomogram that gives a probability of fluorescence in vivo.

CONCLUSIONS
Primary tumours that are deeper from the pleural surface, especially in patients with a higher pack-years, are associated with a decreased likelihood of intraoperative localization. We identified a nomogram to predict the likelihood of tumour localization with IMI with pafolacianine.
Characterization of heterogeneities in the sandy facies of the Opalinus Clay (Mont Terri underground rock laboratory, Switzerland)
Authors: Lüth Stefan , Steegborn Florian , Heberling Frank , Beilecke Thies , Bosbach Dirk , Deissmann Guido , Geckeis Horst , Joseph Claudia , Liebscher Axel , Metz Volker , Rebscher Dorothee , Rink Karsten , Ryberg Trond , Schennen Stephan 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
This contribution is presenting a multidisciplinary investigation of heterogeneities in a clay rock formation, based on seismic tomography, logging and core analysis, as a reconnaissance study for a diffusion experiment. Diffusion experiments in clay rock formations provide crucial experimental data on diffusive transport of radionuclides (RN) in extremely low hydraulic conductivity media. Previous diffusion experiments, conducted, for example, in the Mont Terri underground rock laboratory within the relatively homogeneous shaly facies of Opalinus Clay, and modelling studies of these experiments have demonstrated that the clay rock could sufficiently well be described as a homogeneous anisotropic medium. For other lithofacies, characterized by larger heterogeneity, such simplification may be unsuitable, and the description of heterogeneity over a range of scales will be important. The sandy facies of the Opalinus Clay exhibits a significantly more pronounced heterogeneity compared to the shaly facies, and a combined characterization and RN diffusion study has been initiated to investigate various approaches of heterogeneity characterization and subsequent diffusion in a heterogeneous environment. As an initial step, two inclined exploratory boreholes have been drilled to access the margins of the experiment location. These boreholes have been used to acquire a cross-hole tomographic seismic data set. Optical, natural gamma and backscattering logging were applied and rock cores were analysed. The integrated results of these investigations allowed the identification of an anomalous brighter layer within the investigated area of the sandy facies of approximately 1 m thickness and with its upper bound at roughly 10 m depth within the inclined exploratory wells. Mineralogical analyses revealed only slight variations throughout the rock cores and indicated that the anomalous layer exhibited a slightly higher quartz content, and locally significantly higher calcite contents, accompanied by a lower content of clay minerals. The anomalous layer was characterized by reduced natural gamma emissions, due to the lower clay content, and increased neutron backscattering likely indicating an increased porosity. Seismic P-wave velocities, derived from anisotropic tomography, exhibited a maximal gradient near the top of this layer. The transition from the overlaying darker rock matrix into this layer has been identified as an appropriate location for the setup of a tracer diffusion experiment in a heterogeneous environment.
Aftershock forecasts based on incomplete earthquake catalogues: ETASI model application to the 2023 SE Türkiye earthquake sequence
Authors: Hainzl Sebastian , Kumazawa Takao , Ogata Yosihiko 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model is the state-of-the-art approach for modelling short-term earthquake clustering and is preferable for short-term aftershock forecasting. However, due to the large variability of different earthquake sequences, the model parameters must be adjusted to the local seismicity for accurate forecasting. Such an adjustment based on the first aftershocks is hampered by the incompleteness of earthquake catalogues after a mainshock, which can be explained by a blind period of the seismic networks after each earthquake, during which smaller events with lower magnitudes cannot be detected. Assuming a constant blind time, direct relationships based only on this additional parameter can be established between the actual seismicity rate and magnitude distributions and those that can be detected. The ETAS-incomplete (ETASI) model uses these relationships to estimate the true ETAS parameters and the catalogue incompleteness jointly. In this study, we apply the ETASI model to the SE Türkiye earthquake sequence, consisting of a doublet of M 7.7 and M 7.6 earthquakes that occurred within less than half a day of each other on 6 February 2023. We show that the ETASI model can explain the catalogue incompleteness and fits the observed earthquake numbers and magnitudes well. A pseudo-prospective forecasting experiment shows that the daily number of detectable m ≥ 2 can be well predicted based on minimal and incomplete information from early aftershocks. However, the maximum magnitude (Mmax ) of the next day’s aftershocks would have been overestimated due to the highly variable b value within the sequence. Instead, using the regional b value estimated for 2000–2022 would have well predicted the observed Mmax  values.
The lemon genome and DNA methylome unveil epigenetic regulation of citric acid biosynthesis during fruit development
Authors: Yu Hang , Zhang Chao , Lu Chuang , Wang Yana , Ge Congcong , Huang Guixiang , Wang Haifeng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Citric acid gives lemons their unique flavor, which impacts their sensory traits and market value. However, the intricate process of citric acid accumulation during lemon fruit growth remains incompletely understood. Here, we achieved a chromosomal-level genome assembly for the ‘Xiangshui’ lemon variety, spanning 364.85 Mb across nine chromosomes. This assembly revealed 27 945 genes and 51.37% repetitive sequences, tracing the divergence from citron 2.85 million years ago. DNA methylome analysis of lemon fruits across different developmental stages revealed significant variations in DNA methylation. We observed decreased CG and CHG methylation but increased CHH methylation. Notably, the expression of RdDM pathway-related genes increased with fruit development, suggesting a connection with elevated CHH methylation, which is potentially influenced by the canonical RdDM pathway. Furthermore, we observed that elevated CHH DNA methylation within promoters significantly influenced the expression of key genes, critically contributing to vital biological processes, such as citric acid accumulation. In particular, the pivotal gene phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ClPEPCK), which regulates the tricarboxylic acid cycle, was strikingly upregulated during fruit development, concomitant with increased CHH methylation in its promoter region. Other essential genes associated with citric acid accumulation, such as the MYB transcription factor (ClPH1/4/5) and ANTHOCYANIN 1 (ClAN1), were strongly correlated with DNA methylation levels. These results strongly indicate that DNA methylation crucially orchestrates the metabolic synthesis of citric acid. In conclusion, our study revealed dynamic changes in DNA methylation during lemon fruit development, underscoring the significant role of DNA methylation in controlling the citric acid metabolic pathway.
The Compatibility of the Substance over Form Doctrine with Tax and Investment Treaties: A Case Study of Lone Star v the Republic of Korea
Authors: Kuźniacki Błażej 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In late August 2022, the Lone Star tribunal concluded one of the latest awards in tax-related investment treaty disputes (the tax-related claims account for almost USD 1.5 billion of the total of almost USD 4.7 billion claimed in compensation). It also is the first award in which the tribunal dealt with the application of the substance over form doctrine (SOFD) by tax authorities and courts of the host state to prevent the abuse of a double tax treaty (DTT), and the impact of the refusal to accord the claimants the benefits under the DTT via a domestic (Korean) SOFD on the investment protection standards under the bilateral investment treaty (BIT). The Lone Star tribunal implicitly considered the Korean SOFD to be a suitable rule to prevent abuses of the Korea-Belgium DTT and thus compatible with the BLEU-Korea BIT. This article critically analyses the tribunal’s methodology and reasoning in reaching that conclusion. Notably, the article highlights the need to consider the principle of an abuse of rights while examining the compatibility of a SOFD with a BIT and a DTT. Such an approach could enhance the rule of law in the interpretation of tax and investment treaties in other similar cases. It is also in accordance with the principle of systemic integration. The article argues that it is increasingly more important to properly understand the concept of economic substance insofar as denial of benefits (DoB) clauses in investment treaties and principal purposes test (PPT) in tax treaties appear to specifically prevent abuses of those treaties by arrangements with no or insufficient economic substance. Global and regional tax developments, including the implementation of anti-base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) rules, as well as Pillar Two rules (global minimum tax of 15%), strengthen the need for a comparative research on economic substance under tax and investment treaties. Such research may reveal that a convergence in denying benefits under DTTs and BITs will enhance the rule of law and increase legal certainty in tax and investment domains.
Cross-Border Disaster Displacement and Non-Refoulement under Article 3 of the ECHR: An Analysis of the European Union and Austria
Authors: Ammer Margit , Mayrhofer Monika 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Academic literature and policy papers have suggested that the principle of non-refoulement can address the protection gap that exists for people displaced across international borders in the context of disasters and climate change. This article analyses whether non-refoulement under article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and subsidiary protection under article 15(b) of the European Union (EU) Qualification Directive could meet this expectation. It assesses their applicability to the cases of individuals who would face difficult living conditions due to the impacts of disasters upon return to their State of origin. This analysis lays the groundwork for a case study focusing on Austria, which as a Council of Europe and an EU Member State has obligations under the ECHR and the Qualification Directive. The case study discusses whether the principle of non-refoulement under article 3 ECHR and the eligibility criteria of subsidiary protection – as incorporated in Austrian law and as interpreted by Austrian courts – address the protection gap at the national level. To this end, the results of a qualitative analysis of 646 decisions on international protection decided by the Austrian appellate court are presented. The article concludes that the ‘livelihood’ approach used by the Austrian courts opens up the possibility of taking disasters and their impacts into account when conducting a real risk assessment under article 3 ECHR. However, the European Court of Human Rights’ suggestion of applying the ‘medical cases’ approach in cases relating to ‘naturally occurring phenomena’ is not adequate to address the protection gap. Against this backdrop, the article reflects on a possible way forward.
The global, regional, and national burden and quality of care index of kidney cancer; a global burden of disease systematic analysis 1990–2019
Authors: Khadembashiri Mohamad Mehdi , Ghasemi Erfan , Khadembashiri Mohammad Amin , Azadnajafabad Sina , Moghaddam Sahar Saeedi , Eslami Mohamad , Rashidi Mohammad-Mahdi , Naderian Mohammadreza , Esfahani Zahra , Ahmadi Naser , Rezaei Nazila , Fateh Sahar Mohammadi , Kompani Farzad , Larijani Bagher , Farzadfar Farshad 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Kidney cancer (KC) is a prevalent cancer worldwide. The incidence and mortality rates of KC have risen in recent decades. The quality of care provided to KC patients is a concern for public health. Considering the importance of KC, in this study, we aim to assess the burden of the disease, gender and age disparities globally, regionally, and nationally to evaluate the quality and inequities of KC care. The 2019 Global Burden of Disease study provides data on the burden of the KC. The secondary indices, including mortality-to-incidence ratio, disability-adjusted life years -to-prevalence ratio, prevalence-to-incidence ratio, and years of life lost-to-years lived with disability ratio, were utilized. These four newly merged indices were converted to the quality-of-care index (QCI) as a summary measure using principal component analysis. QCI ranged between 0 and 100, and higher amounts of QCI indicate higher quality of care. Gender disparity ratio was calculated by dividing QCI for females by males to show gender inequity. The global age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of KC increased by 29.1% (95% uncertainty interval 18.7–40.7) and 11.6% (4.6–20.0) between 1990 and 2019, respectively. Globally, the QCI score for KC increased by 14.6% during 30 years, from 71.3 to 81.6. From 1990 to 2019, the QCI score has increased in all socio-demographic index (SDI) quintiles. By 2019, the highest QCI score was in regions with a high SDI (93.0), and the lowest was in low SDI quintiles (38.2). Based on the World Health Organization regions, the QCI score was highest in the region of America, with Canada having the highest score (99.6) and the lowest in the African Region, where the Central African Republic scored the lowest (17.2). In 1990, the gender disparity ratio was 0.98, and in 2019, it was 0.97 showing an almost similar QCI score for females and males. Although the quality of care for KC has improved from 1990 to 2019, there is a significant gap between nations and different socioeconomic levels. This study provides clinicians and health authorities with a global perspective on the quality of care for KC and identifies the existing disparities.
Pronounced differentiation on the Z chromosome and parts of the autosomes in crowned sparrows contrasts with mitochondrial paraphyly: implications for speciation
Authors: McCallum Quinn , Askelson Kenneth , Fogarty Finola F , Natola Libby , Nikelski Ellen , Huang Andrew , Irwin Darren 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
When a single species evolves into multiple descendent species, some parts of the genome can play a key role in the evolution of reproductive isolation while other parts flow between the evolving species via interbreeding. Genomic evolution during the speciation process is particularly interesting when major components of the genome—for instance, sex chromosomes vs. autosomes vs. mitochondrial DNA—show widely differing patterns of relationships between three diverging populations. The golden-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia atricapilla) and the white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys) are phenotypically differentiated sister species that are largely reproductively isolated despite possessing similar mitochondrial genomes, likely due to recent introgression. We assessed variation in more than 45,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms to determine the structure of nuclear genomic differentiation between these species and between two hybridizing subspecies of Z. leucophrys. The two Z. leucophrys subspecies show moderate levels of relative differentiation and patterns consistent with a history of recurrent selection in both ancestral and daughter populations, with much of the sex chromosome Z and a large region on the autosome 1A showing increased differentiation compared to the rest of the genome. The two species Z. leucophrys and Z. atricapilla show high relative differentiation and strong heterogeneity in the level of differentiation among various chromosomal regions, with a large portion of the sex chromosome (Z) showing highly divergent haplotypes between these species. Studies of speciation often emphasize mitochondrial DNA differentiation, but speciation between Z. atricapilla and Z. leucophrys appears primarily associated with Z chromosome divergence and more moderately associated with autosomal differentiation, whereas mitochondria are highly similar due apparently to recent introgression. These results add to the growing body of evidence for highly heterogeneous patterns of genomic differentiation during speciation, with some genomic regions showing a lack of gene flow between populations many hundreds of thousands of years before other genomic regions.