bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of automated counting to determine absolute neutrophil counts and absolute phagocyte counts for pediatric cancer treatment protocols
Authors: Hijiya Nobuko , Onciu Mihaela , Howard Scott C. , Zhang Zhe , Cheng Cheng , Sandlund John T. , Kyzer Emily P. , Behm Fred G. , Pui Ching‐Hon 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDAbsolute neutrophil counts (ANCs) and absolute phagocyte counts (APCs) are used to guide cancer treatment. Although automated counting could replace manual counting, data showing correlations are lacking. By analyzing blood samples from children undergoing cancer treatment, the authors determined whether ANCs and APCs obtained by automated methods correlated positively with ANCs and APCs obtained manually.METHODSThe authors analyzed 3640 consecutive peripheral blood samples. Leukocyte counts determined by Beckman‐Coulter Gen‐S or HmX analyzers (Beckman‐Coulter, Miami, FL) were used to calculate counts obtained by automated or manual methods. Automated differential counts were obtained by automated analyzers and manual differential counts were performed by medical technologists. Counts underwent linear regression analysis. The authors evaluated 5 cutoff values for ANCs and APCs commonly used in decision‐making related to cancer treatment: 300/μL, 500/μL, 750/μL, 1000/μL, and 1500/μL. Manually determined ANCs and APCs served as standards to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and kappa coefficient for automated counting.RESULTSR2 values were 0.81 for ANCs determined by manual and automated methods and 0.84 for APCs determined by both methods. The specificity of the automated method was > 90% for all ranges of ANCs and APCs, except one (APCs < 300/μL). There was excellent agreement (κ > 0.9) between ANCs determined by manual and automated methods and APCs calculated by both methods.CONCLUSIONSAutomated methods of determining ANCs and APCs for children undergoing cancer treatment were reliable and can replace manual counting. Blood smear examination to validate ANCs and APCs determined by automated methods was needed only in selected cases. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
The role of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in cervical lymph node metastases from an unknown primary tumor
Authors: Rusthoven Kyle E. , Koshy Mary , Paulino Arnold C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors performed a comprehensive review of the efficacy of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) in the detection of primary tumors in patients with cervical metastases from unknown primary tumors.METHODSSixteen studies (involving a total of 302 patients) published between 1994 and 2003 were reviewed. These studies evaluated the role of FDG‐PET in the detection of unknown primary tumors after conventional workup. In all studies, conventional workup included either panendoscopy or computed tomographic/magnetic resonance imaging, and in 10 of 16 studies, both of these diagnostic techniques were performed before diagnosis.RESULTSThe overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates of FDG‐PET in detecting unknown primary tumors were 88.3%, 74.9%, and 78.8%, respectively. Furthermore, FDG‐PET detected 24.5% of tumors that were not apparent after conventional workup. FDG‐PET imaging also led to the detection of previously unrecognized metastases in 27.1% of patients (regional, 15.9%; distant, 11.2%). FDG‐PET had notably low specificity and a high false‐positive rate (39.3%) in the tonsils. In contrast, the false‐positive rates for FDG‐PET of the base of tongue and hypopharynx were only 21.4% and 8.3%, respectively. FDG‐PET exhibited decreased sensitivity to tumors in the base of tongue (81.5%). The sensitivity of this technique at other sites was 90.5%.CONCLUSIONSFDG‐PET detected primary tumors that went undetected by other modalities in approximately 25% of cases and was sensitive in the detection of previously unrecognized regional or distant metastases in 27% of cases. FDG‐PET had low specificity for tonsillar tumors and low sensitivity for base‐of‐tongue malignancies. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Patient expectation is a strong predictor of severe nausea after chemotherapy
Authors: Roscoe Joseph A. , Bushunow Peter , Morrow Gary R. , Hickok Jane T. , Kuebler Philip J. , Jacobs Andrew , Banerjee Tarit K. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatients may use their past experiences with nausea, as well as information about the incidence of nausea from chemotherapy that other patients have experienced, to form a prediction, or response expectancy, of nausea from their own upcoming chemotherapy. Mounting evidence suggests that these expectancies relating to nausea are significant predictors, and, likely, contributing factors to the development of treatment‐related nausea.METHODSThe patients in the current study were participants in the control arm of a multicenter clinical trial conducted between November 1999 and July 2001 by the University of Rochester Community Clinical Oncology Program. All patients in the current report were age ≥ 18 years and were about to begin a first cancer treatment regimen containing doxorubicin.RESULTSExpectancy of nausea assessed before patients received their first doxorubicin‐based chemotherapy treatment was found to be a strong predictor of subsequent nausea and in fact was stronger than previously reported predictive factors, including age, nausea during pregnancy, and susceptibility to motion sickness. Women who believed it was “very likely” that they would have severe nausea from chemotherapy were five times more likely to experience severe nausea than fellow patients who thought its occurrence would be “very unlikely.”CONCLUSIONSFurther studies confirming an expectancy of nausea as a risk factor are warranted as are studies examining the benefit to a patient's quality of life from modifying antiemetic treatment guidelines to take into account symptom expectancies. Finally, ethically acceptable interventions that are designed to reduce patients' nausea expectancies or increase their expectancies of nausea control should be developed and studied. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Diagnostic procedures after a positive spiral computed tomography lung carcinoma screen
Authors: Pinsky Paul F. , Marcus Pamela M. , Kramer Barnett S. , Freedman Matthew , Nath Hrudaya , Kvale Paul , Reding Douglas 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDLow‐radiation dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) currently is being evaluated as a screening modality for lung carcinoma in a randomized trial. Although several diagnostic algorithms for the workup of positive LDCT screens have been proposed, to the authors' knowledge there is no widely accepted standard to date and there are few nationwide data concerning how such diagnostic workups are actually being performed outside a research protocol setting.METHODSThe Lung Screening Study (LSS) was a multicenter feasibility trial that randomized 1660 subjects to undergo LDCT and an equivalent number to undergo chest X‐ray. Subjects with positive screens were referred to their own health care providers for diagnostic follow‐up; LSS did not specify a diagnostic algorithm. LSS collected and abstracted medical records regarding procedures employed in the diagnostic workup of positive screens.RESULTSOf the 522 subjects with a positive LDCT screen at baseline or at Year One, 12% underwent biopsy. Biopsy was less likely to be performed in subjects with 4–9‐mm nodules (5%) than in subjects with nodules measuring 10+ mm (25%) or in subjects with no nodules but other suspicious findings (15%). Among 63% of the subjects who underwent chest CT on follow‐up, the median time between screening and first follow‐up chest CT was 82 days. Only a minority of subjects received diagnostic workups that were consistent with published algorithms.CONCLUSIONSThe data from the current study represent the experience of subjects followed by their health care providers in five different U.S. metropolitan areas and one rural area. As such, they provide some indication of practices in the U.S. with regard to the diagnostic workup of patients with positive spiral CT screens. Cancer 2005. Published 2004 by the American Cancer Society.
Projections of the oval nucleus of the hyperstriatum ventrale in the budgerigar: Relationships with the auditory system
Authors: Brauth Steven E. , Liang Wenru , Roberts Todd F. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe afferent and efferent projections of a vocal control nucleus, the oval nucleus of the hyperstriatum ventrale (HVo), were mapped out in a parrot, the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) to determine the relationships of this nucleus to the auditory system. In budgerigars, HVo is connected to both the anterior forebrain pathway as well as to nuclei forming the descending projection system to the brainstem (Durand et al. [1997] J. Comp. Neurol. 377:179–206). Previous studies (Brauth et al. [1997] Proc. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 807:368–385; Durand and Brauth [1998] Neurosci Abstr 24:78.9) indicate that HVo lesions disrupt vocal performance and that HVo neurons show long latency electrophysiologic auditory responses. HVo has also been shown to receive input from neurons in the immediately adjacent HV (Durand et al. [1997] J. Comp. Neurol. 377:179–206). Thus, the focus of the present study was to elucidate relationships between HVo, its immediately adjacent surround and telencephalic auditory nuclei. The results show that, although the lateral and medial portions of HVo are interconnected with one another, inputs to these areas and their surrounds are distinctively different. The most substantial auditory system inputs are derived from the frontal lateral neostriatum (NFl) and supracentral nucleus of the lateral neostriatum (NLs); these project primarily to the lateral HVo and lateral HVo surround. The medial HVo and surround receive only sparse or modest input from auditory nuclei, including the caudomedial neostriatum (NCM), neostriatum intermedium pars lateralis (NIL), Fields L1 and L3, and the neostriatum intermedium pars ventrolateralis (NIVL). Other sources of input to the HVo surround include the hyperstriatum accessorium (HA), the supralaminar area of the frontal neostriatum (NAs), the ventral anterior archistriatum (AAv), the medial archistriatum (Am) and the medial HV. Neurons in the HV immediately medial to HVo project to a shell region around the entire nucleus. Both the ventral paleostriatum (VP) and ventral part of the central nucleus of the lateral neostriatum (NLc) project to HVo but not to the surround. Previously described projections (Durand et al., 1997) from HVo to the NAom, NLc, and the magnicellular nucleus of the lobus parolfactorius (LPOm) were confirmed. J. Comp. Neurol. 432:481–511, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High Level Architecture Data Distribution Management migration from DoD 1.3 to IEEE 1516
Authors: Morse Katherine L. , Petty Mikel D. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe High Level Architecture (HLA) is an infrastructure for assembling federations of distributed simulations, or federates, that interoperate by exchanging simulation data at run time. HLA's Data Distribution Management (DDM) services control the amount of simulation data delivered to an HLA federate by establishing dynamic data communications connections based on the federates' run‐time declarations of data production and requirements. In September 2000 the Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) approved a new standard for HLA, the IEEE 1516 standard. Most parts of the IEEE 1516 standard are generally similar to the U.S. Department of Defense HLA standard upon which it was based, the DoD 1.3 standard. However, the DDM services were significantly changed in the IEEE 1516 standard. The changes to DDM included the removal of routing spaces and the introduction of default dimension ranges. These changes simplified the implementation of some approaches to using DDM, but they did not affect the fundamental functionality of DDM. With some care, HLA users can develop DDM usage approaches that can be migrated smoothly from DoD 1.3 to IEEE 1516. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mathematical models for explaining the emergence of specialization in performing tasks
Authors: Solow Daniel , Szmerekovsky Joesph 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn an evolving community consisting of many individuals, it is often the case that the individuals tend, over time, to become more specialized in performing the tasks necessary for survival and growth of the community as a whole. The contribution in this work is a collection of linear and nonlinear mathematical models that provide insights as to when and why functional specialization emerges in general, rather than specific, settings. The results from these models, which are based on an evolutionary approach, apply to communities in which individuals allocate their time in the best interest of the community as a whole. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 10:37–48, 2004
PIC Model of the Ion Collection by a Langmuir Probe
Authors: Taccogna F. , Longo S. , Capitelli M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA numerical study is made of the dynamics of Ar+ ions collected by a cylindrical Langmuir probe at medium He buffer gas pressure. The numerical model is based on a combination of PIC simulation for the ion component and fluid description for the electrons using the Boltzmann relation. The electric field is self‐consistently computed via the Poisson equation. The neutrals are modeled directly by an analytical method. The elastic collisions between Ar+ ions and He atoms are accounted for using a TPMC method based on the polarization potential theory. The results of the present simulation show the ion current peak observed experimentally at medium pressure regimes. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Innovative Approaches to Oxide Nanosystems: CeO2‐ZrO2 Nanocomposites by a Combined PE‐CVD/Sol–Gel Route
Authors: Armelao L. , Barreca D. , Bottaro G. , Gasparotto A. , Tondello E. , Ferroni M. , Polizzi S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA novel combined PE‐CVD/sol–gel approach to oxide‐based nanosystems is proposed and employed for the synthesis of CeO2–ZrO2 nanocomposites. The method consists of the plasma‐enhanced (PE) CVD of ceria (guest) on a zirconia xerogel ZrOx(OH)y(OR)z (host) prepared by sol–gel (SG) at a temperature of 200 °C. The system evolution under annealing in air (600 °C and 900 °C, 1 h) and its mutual relationships with the synthesis conditions were investigated in detail by a multi‐technique characterization. The proposed synthetic pathway enables the synthesis of CeO2–ZrO2 nanostructured systems ranging from composites to solid solutions, as a function of thermal treatment and Ce/Zr ratio as well. In this framework, particular attention is devoted to achieving an intimate Ce/Zr intermixing by exploiting the synergy between the SG xerogel properties (porosity, –OH content) and the peculiar actions exerted by plasma (ablation/deposition, infiltration power). Such features enable an in‐depth penetration of ceria into the inner zirconia xerogel layers already in the as‐grown systems.
Growth of Hafnium Aluminate Thin Films by Liquid Injection MOCVD Using Alkoxide Precursors
Authors: Marshall P.A. , Potter R.J. , Jones A.C. , Chalker P.R. , Taylor S. , Critchlow G.W. , Rushworth S.A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThin films of Hf aluminate, (HfO2)x(Al2O3)1–x (Al = 8.4–38.5 at.‐%) have been deposited by liquid injection MOCVD using the metal alkoxide precursors [Hf(mmp)4] (mmp = OCMe2CH2OMe) and [Al(OiPr)3]. (HfO2)x(Al2O3)1–x thin films deposited at 500 °C had a thickness range of 7–13 nm and were high purity, with no carbon detected by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) at the estimated detection limit of 0.5 at.‐%. Thick films of (HfO2)x(Al2O3)1–x containing more than ∼7 at.‐% Al were found by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) to be amorphous. High frequency capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements indicate strong electron trapping and a high density of interface states.
Flow cytometry–based approach to ABCG2 function suggests that the transporter differentially handles the influx and efflux of drugs
Authors: García‐Escarp Marta , Martínez‐Muñoz Vanessa , Sales‐Pardo Irene , Barquinero Jordi , Domingo Joan Carles , Marin Pedro , Petriz Jordi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackgroundTo better characterize the function of the ABCG2 transporter in vitro, we generated three cell lines (MXRA, MXRG, and MXRT) stably expressing ABCG2 after transfection of wild‐type ABCG2 and two mutants (R482G and R482T), respectively.MethodsABCG2 expression and function were analyzed by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies, a variety of fluorescent substrates, and a series of potential inhibitors of the transporter.ResultsABCG2 expression was detected in all cell lines. The cell lines effluxed mitoxantrone (MXR), but only the mutants effluxed rhodamine 123 (Rho123), SYTO13, doxorubicin, and daunorubicin. After incubation with MXR, intracellular accumulations were 9‐ and 22‐fold higher in MXRA than in MXRT and MXRG cells, respectively, suggesting that ABCG2 also modulates the influx rate of the drug. Flow cytometry kinetic studies of MXR efflux showed that MXRG cells effluxed 50% of the drug at a faster rate than MXRA and MXRT cells (t50: 15.3 min vs. 27.8 and 44.5 min, respectively). MXRG cells also extruded Rho123 and SYTO13 at a faster rate than MXRT cells. ABCG2‐mediated transport was inhibited by fumitremorgin C, cyclosporine A, and PSC‐833, but not by verapamil or probenecid. MXRG cells displayed the highest level of resistance to MXR, doxorubicin, and daunorubicin in the cytotoxicity assays.ConclusionsGlycine mutations at position 482 have a significant impact on ABCG2 function by modifying its substrate specificity and its influx/efflux rates. This study also demonstrates that flow cytometry constitutes a powerful tool for the kinetic analysis of ABC transporters. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A on nuclear texture and c‐jun gene expression in drug‐sensitive and drug‐resistant human H69 lung carcinoma cells
Authors: El‐Khoury Victoria , Gomez Dennis , Liautaud‐Roger Françoise , Trussardi‐Régnier Aurélie , Dufer Jean 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackgroundTexture analysis of chromatin patterns by image cytometry can be used in the development and refinement of diagnosis and prognosis of cancers and in the follow‐up of therapies. However, little is known about the biological mechanisms underlying these patterns. Epigenetic mechanisms as histone posttranslational modifications and particularly histone acetylation could play a major role in the determination of these chromatin patterns and then influence nuclear texture measurements.MethodsThis study examined the consequences of treatment by the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) on the nuclear texture in human cell lines sensitive and resistant to chemotherapy. Small cell lung carcinoma H69 cells and their variant H69‐VP, which is resistant to etoposide, were incubated with 100 ng/ml of TSA for 0 to 24 h. Nuclear texture was evaluated by image cytometry and compared with the histone H4 acetylation level measured by western blotting and expression of c‐jun gene evaluated by reverse transcription and real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsTSA treatment induced an increase in histone H4 acetylation level in both cell lines. However, at the level of chromatin texture, sensitive H69 cells displayed a progressive chromatin decondensation up to 24 h, whereas resistant H69‐VP showed rapid (8 h) but transient changes. Similarly, expression of c‐jun increased regularly in TSA‐treated H69 cells. In H69‐VP cells, an increase was also observed up to 12 h followed by a decrease after 24 h of treatment.ConclusionsAnalysis of nuclear texture appeared to be a sensitive technique to detect chromatin pattern alterations induced by the histone deacetylase inhibitor TSA in the H69 cell line and enabled the observation of chromatin pattern discrepancies between chemotherapeutic drug‐sensitive and drug‐resistant cells during this treatment. When c‐jun gene expression was analyzed as gene sensitive to epigenetic control, these textural differences seemed to be correlated to gene expression. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of rats' maternally directed orienting behaviors from birth to day 2
Authors: Polan H. J. , Milano D. , Eljuga L. , Hofer M. A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe previously observed 2‐ to 3‐day‐old (P2–3) rats perform maternally directed orienting behaviors (MDOBs)—locomotion, torso flexion, rotation to the supine orientation, and snout probing, accompanied by audible vocalizations (barking)—under surfaces having properties of the dam's ventrum, which result in close contact between the pup's ventrum and the surface. We now report on the development of MDOBs from birth through P2. Wistar rats (24 litters) were tested at one of four times: 1 hr after birth before the first nursing bout (P0pre), on the day of birth after the first nursing bout (P0post), on postnatal Day 1 (P1), or on postnatal Day 2 (P2). Pups were placed prone on a warmed platform inside a corral where, for 4 min, they encountered one of two motherlike surfaces at head height: (a) a soft cotton roof or (b) a patch of the pup's own anesthetized dam's ventrum. Control pups received no overhead stimulus. The behaviors we had identified as MDOBs and others, including limb behaviors, are easily recognized at P0pre, and, in aggregate, are more frequent then than at any later age. The differential responsiveness of most of the behaviors to the dam's ventrum compared to the cotton roof or open condition is relatively low at P0pre, but rises rapidly through P2. Behavioral structure develops quickly from a rudimentary principal component with two behaviors at P0pre to two principal components incorporating seven behavior classes by P2. MDOBs are discussed in relation to late‐term fetal behaviors, early postnatal righting responses, and the oral nipple grasp, and as a model of the development of filial attachment in an altricial mammal. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 40: 81–103, 2002. DOI 10.1002/dev.10015