bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical application of attachment theory in permanency planning for children in foster care: The importance of continuity of care
Authors: Gauthier Yvon , Fortin Gilles , Jéliu Gloria 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPermanency planning is a critical issue facing all children in foster care. Foster children frequently suffer from developmental delays and severe behavior problems, often leading to repeated displacements that in turn increase the risk for attachment disorders. To prevent the emergence of such disturbances, an Attachment Clinic was developed in Montreal to offer consultation to Youth Protection workers. A specific problem has frequently been identified in this Clinic: Should a child who has developed a significant attachment to his or her foster parents return to the biological parents or stay in the foster family? The choice between the two families is even more difficult when the parenting competencies of the biological parents seem to have progressed while the child has developed secure attachments in the foster family. Clinical cases will be presented to illustrate such dilemmas. Concepts rooted in attachment theory have been very useful to understand such problems, and have led us to believe that children's best interests lie in the preservation of their attachment ties and that repeated ruptures of such ties constitute a severe trauma. Resistances of the milieu to our position will be discussed as well as the Court's decisions in light of Canadian jurisprudence.
Creating a Learning Vision for the Knowledge Age: The University of Texas at San Antonio
Authors: Norris Donald M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) used the opportunities provided by a new, downtown campus and other new facilities to redirect its campus master planning, create a learning vision for UTSA in the Knowledge Age, reshape its IT infrastructure and IT culture on campus, and launch an ongoing dialogue on change for the Knowledge Age.
Fracture toughness of steel‐fiber‐reinforced bone cement
Authors: Kotha S. P. , Li C. , Schmid S. R. , Mason J. J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFractures in the bone‐cement mantle (polymethyl methacrylate) have been linked to the failure of cemented total joint prostheses. The heat generated by the curing bone cement has also been implicated in the necrosis of surrounding bone tissue, leading to loosening of the implants. The addition of reinforcements may improve the fracture properties of bone cement and decrease the peak temperatures during curing. This study investigates the changes in the fracture properties and the temperatures generated in the ASTM F451 tests by the addition of 316L stainless steel fibers to bone cement. The influence of filler volume fraction (5–15% by volume) and aspect ratios (19, 46, 57) on the fracture toughness of the acrylic bone cement was assessed. Increasing the volume fraction of the steel fibers resulted in significant increases in the fracture toughness of the steel‐fiber‐reinforced composite. Fracture‐toughness increases of up to 2.63 times the control values were obtained with the use of steel‐fiber reinforcements. No clear trend in the fracture toughness was discerned for increasing aspect ratios of the reinforcements. There is a decrease in the peak temperatures reached during the curing of the steel‐fiber‐reinforced bone cement, though the decrease is too small to be clinically relevant. Large increases in the fatigue life of acrylic bone cement were also obtained by the addition of steel fibers. These results indicate that the use of steel fibers may enhance the durability of cemented joint prostheses. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 70A: 514–521, 2004
UCSF Chimera—A visualization system for exploratory research and analysis
Authors: Pettersen Eric F. , Goddard Thomas D. , Huang Conrad C. , Couch Gregory S. , Greenblatt Daniel M. , Meng Elaine C. , Ferrin Thomas E. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe design, implementation, and capabilities of an extensible visualization system, UCSF Chimera, are discussed. Chimera is segmented into a core that provides basic services and visualization, and extensions that provide most higher level functionality. This architecture ensures that the extension mechanism satisfies the demands of outside developers who wish to incorporate new features. Two unusual extensions are presented: Multiscale, which adds the ability to visualize large‐scale molecular assemblies such as viral coats, and Collaboratory, which allows researchers to share a Chimera session interactively despite being at separate locales. Other extensions include Multalign Viewer, for showing multiple sequence alignments and associated structures; ViewDock, for screening docked ligand orientations; Movie, for replaying molecular dynamics trajectories; and Volume Viewer, for display and analysis of volumetric data. A discussion of the usage of Chimera in real‐world situations is given, along with anticipated future directions. Chimera includes full user documentation, is free to academic and nonprofit users, and is available for Microsoft Windows, Linux, Apple Mac OS X, SGI IRIX, and HP Tru64 Unix from http://www.cgl.ucsf.edu/chimera/. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 25: 1605–1612, 2004
Structure and dynamics of the Cr(III) ion in aqueous solution: Ab initio QM/MM molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Kritayakornupong Chinapong , Plankensteiner Kristof , Rode Bernd M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractStructural and dynamical properties of the Cr(III) ion in aqueous solution have been investigated using a combined ab initio quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) molecular dynamics simulation. The hydration structure of Cr(III) was determined in terms of radial distribution functions, coordination numbers, and angular distributions. The QM/MM simulation gives coordination numbers of 6 and 15.4 for the first and second hydration shell, respectively. The first hydration shell is kinetically very inert but by no means rigid and variations of the first hydration shell geometry lead to distinct splitting in the vibrational spectra of Cr(H2O). A mean residence time of 22 ps was obtained for water ligands residing in the second hydration shell, which is remarkably shorter than the experimentally estimated value. The hydration energy of −1108 ± 7 kcal/mol, obtained from the QM/MM simulation, corresponds well to the experimental hydration enthalpy value. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 25: 1576–1583, 2004
High glucose inhibits fructose uptake in renal proximal tubule cells: Involvement of cAMP, PLC/PKC, p44/42 MAPK, and cPLA2
Authors: Park Su Hyung , Lee Yun Jung , Lim Min Jin , Kim Eun Jung , Lee Jang Hern , Han Ho Jae 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe precise signal that regulates fructose transport in renal proximal tubule cells (PTCs) under high glucose conditions is not yet known although fructose has been recommended as a substitute for glucose in the diets of diabetic people. Thus, we investigated that effect of high glucose on fructose uptake and its signaling pathways in primary cultured rabbit renal PTCs. Glucose inhibited the fructose uptake in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. A maximal inhibitory effect of glucose on fructose uptake was observed at 25 mM glucose after 48 h, while 25 mM mannitol and l‐glucose did not affect fructose uptake. Indeed, 25 mM glucose for 48 h decreased GLUT5 protein level. Thus, the treatment of 25 mM glucose for 48 h was used for this study. Glucose‐induced (25 mM) inhibition of fructose uptake was blocked by pertussis toxin (PTX), SQ‐22536 (an adenylate cyclase inhibitor), and myristoylated amide 14–22 (a protein kinase A inhibitor). Indeed, 25 mM glucose increased the intracellular cAMP content. Furthermore, 25 mM glucose‐induced inhibition of fructose uptake was prevented by neomycin or U‐73122 (phospholipase C inhibitors) and staurosporine or bisindolylmaleimide I (protein kinase C inhibitors). In fact, 25 mM glucose increased the total PKC activity and translocation of PKC from the cytosolic to membrane fraction. In addition, PD 98059 (a p44/42 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor) but not SB 203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) and mepacrine or AACOCF3 (phospholipase A2 inhibitors) blocked 25 mM glucose‐induced inhibition of fructose uptake. Results of Western blotting using the p44/42 MAPK and GLUT5 antibodies were consistent with the results of uptake experiments. In conclusion, high glucose inhibits the fructose uptake through cAMP, PLC/PKC, p44/42 MAPK, and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) pathways in the PTCs. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 expression by endogenous prostaglandin E2 in human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Arikawa Toshitaka , Omura Ken , Morita Ikuo 
Published: July 2004

AbstractCyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 is generally known as an inducible enzyme, and it produces arachidonic acid to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which modulates bone metabolism. Here, we investigated the expression and role of COX isomers in human mesenchymal stem cells. Human mesenchymal stem cells constitutively expressed COX‐2 as well as COX‐1, and secretion of PGE2 was completely inhibited by NS‐398, a specific inhibitor of COX‐2. Levels of secreted PGE2 were strikingly higher in human mesenchymal stem cells than in osteoblastic cells differentiated from the mesenchymal cells. This higher production of PGE2 in mesenchymal stem cells was due to higher expression of membrane‐associated PGE synthase (mPGES) regulated by early growth response factor‐1 (Egr‐1). Treatment of human mesenchymal stem cells with NS‐398 suppressed expression of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2). The suppression of BMP‐2 by NS‐398 was abrogated by an EP4 receptor agonist as well as by PGE2. Moreover, BMP‐2 expression was suppressed by an EP4 receptor antagonist. These data indicate that PGE2 produced by COX‐2 increases BMP‐2 expression via binding the EP4 receptor. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interval coloring of (3,4)‐biregular bipartite graphs having large cubic subgraphs
Authors: Pyatkin A. V. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAn interval coloring of a graph is a proper edge coloring such that the set of used colors at every vertex is an interval of integers. Generally, it is an NP‐hard problem to decide whether a graph has an interval coloring or not. A bipartite graph G = (A,B;E) is (α, β)‐biregular if each vertex in A has degree α and each vertex in B has degree β. In this paper we prove that if the (3,4)‐biregular graph G has a cubic subgraph covering the set B then G has an interval coloring. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 47: 122–128, 2004
Pigment analysis of a wallpaper from the early 19th century: Les Monuments de Paris
Authors: Castro K. , Pérez‐Alonso M. , Rodríguez‐Laso M. D. , Madariaga J. M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn this work the analysis of a wallpaper from 1812 that was found in a palace in the Basque Country (Spain) is presented. The wallpaper represents a beautiful view of Paris and it is considered one of the most important wallpapers ever manufactured. The determination of the pigments present in the work was achieved using a Raman microprobe spectrometer, resulting in a completely non‐destructive analysis. All the colour shades observed in the wallpaper were manufactured with the pigments red, iron oxide yellow, iron oxide Prussian blue, Scheele's green, minium (Pb3O4), CaCO3, lead white, carbon black, vermilion (HgS), raw sienna and burnt sienna. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Examination of a Spanish medieval processional crucifix substantially reworked in the 20th century
Authors: Centeno Silvia A. , Mahon Dorothy , Wypyski Mark T. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe authenticity of a double‐sided painted processional crucifix acquired as Spanish 13th century from a private collection in Barcelona was questioned shortly after the piece entered The Cloisters (Metropolitan Museum of Art) collection in 1955. At the time, a combination of connoisseurship and limited technical analysis was employed to conclude that the crucifix was a forgery. In this work, a re‐examination was carried out in order to support or deny earlier conclusions. Pigments and ground layers were analyzed in paint samples by Raman microscopy, complemented by scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopic elemental analysis. The results showed that the piece is a re‐fabrication of a Spanish medieval cross, perhaps dating from the 14th century. Significant alterations were made in order to present the work as a rare example of its type. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micro‐Raman spectroscopy for the study of corrosion products on copper alloys: setting up of a reference database and studying works of art
Authors: Hayez V. , Guillaume J. , Hubin A. , Terryn H. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractMicro‐Raman spectroscopic analysis of different species of copper sulfates was carried out. Products such as antlerite, brochantite, posnjakite, langite and chalcanthite were investigated. These products are most likely to be formed as the result of atmospheric corrosion of copper alloys, e.g. bronze in sulfur‐bearing environments. A database containing the characteristic Raman spectra was set up. This database was then used to investigate some specimens of copper alloy artefacts, that had been exposed to the atmosphere. It was shown to be possible to identify the nature of the corrosion products formed, using micro‐Raman spectroscopy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ Raman spectroscopic investigations of the adorning gemstones on the reliquary Heinrich's Cross from the treasury of Basel Cathedral
Authors: Reiche Ina , Pages‐Camagna Sandrine , Lambacher Lothar 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAn in situ non‐destructive study of the reliquary cross called Heinrich's cross dating from the late Middle Ages (first quarter of the 11th century) was performed using a mobile Raman microspectrometer in order to identify the adorning gemstones. Heinrich's cross, today kept in the Museum of Applied Arts (Kunstgewerbemuseum, KGM), Berlin, is considered to be one of the most precious sanctuaries of the treasury of Basel Cathedral. It bears 68 gemstones that are mounted at the both sides of the cross. Silver pearls alternate with gemstones. Analyses were made with a fibre‐optic System‐100 Raman‐analyser (Renishaw), directly in the museum, without the need to remove the object. Strengths and weaknesses of the use of a mobile Raman microspectrometer for the investigation of art and archaeological objects within the museum are discussed since only relatively few analyses using mobile spectrometers have so far been performed in situ. In this study, the determination of the nature of the gems generally confirms the identification based on previous optical observations. Most of the mounted materials were found to be glass paste or quartz varieties. Some garnets, sapphires and interestingly rubies were also identified. The use of rubies is rare in the Middle Ages. Generally, green, blue and dark‐coloured stones were difficult to identify using this Raman set‐up (λ = 785 nm) because of fluorescence phenomena, and 11 gems could not be identified unambiguously. This study shows the importance of coupling optical observations with Raman spectroscopy for gemstone identification. These results together with those of other fine objects originating from the same treasury show that mainly quartz and glass paste were used on very valuable and outstanding religious items from the Middle Ages to the Gothic period. However, it could not be determined if they represent gems replaced during later times or original ones that were mainly chosen for their colour and not necessarily for their value. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micro‐PIXE and micro‐Raman spectrometry applied to a polychrome wooden altarpiece from the 16th century
Authors: Pagès‐Camagna Sandrine , Calligaro Thomas 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe aim of this work was to identify the materials used for the colours and the metallic parts of a polychrome wooden altarpiece from the 16th century. Since restoration work on the object was almost completed, no sampling was allowed and the analysis had to be performed in a fully non‐destructive manner. Micro‐Raman spectrometry was employed to identify the pigments and the ground layer. Taking advantage of micro‐cracks, it was possible to show that the ground layer was made of calcite and the blue decorations were made of an azurite layer on top of a carbon black underlayer. Lead white was employed for the white areas and for the carnation. Elemental analysis directly performed in air by PIXE with the external nuclear microprobe of the AGLAE accelerator confirmed the results obtained by Raman spectrometry for the pigments and the preparation. It allows the determination of the composition and thickness of the metallic foils and the nature of the underlying support (bolus), two cases where Raman spectrometry is inefficient. The two techniques proved to be fully complementary for the characterization of the materials used for the decoration of this precious altarpiece. Raman spectrometry permits the identification of all pigments including those containing carbon (soot, azurite or lead white), not accessible to PIXE. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology
Authors: Vandenabeele P. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractRaman spectroscopy is becoming increasingly important as an analytical and diagnostic tool for the investigation of precious and brittle objects of art and antiquities. In addition to this introductory paper, this special issue of the Journal of Raman Spectroscopy contains 31 papers dedicated to this subject. This introduction gives an overview and paints a picture of the different approaches in this field. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability of native starch quality parameters, starch extraction and root dry matter of cassava genotypes in different environments
Authors: Benesi Ibrahim RM , Labuschagne Maryke T , Dixon Alfred GO , Mahungu Nzola M 
Published: July 2004

AbstractCassava is an important food and cash crop in Malawi. It is also becoming increasingly important for industrial use. The aim of this study was to investigate the native starch quality of different Malawi cassava genotypes. Trials were conducted at Chitedze and Makoka in Malawi in the 2000/01 season. Apart from root dry matter and starch extraction, starch quality parameters considered included protein, moisture and ash contents, pH and whiteness. Various stability measures were used to deal with the problem of genotype × environment interaction. The results showed that all the cassava genotypes produced starch with no protein and with colour as white as required by the industry. Moisture and ash contents and pH fell within the industry‐recommended ranges. This suggests that native cassava starch is suitable for use in various industries. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) was strongly correlated with other measured stability parameters and is therefore recommended for stability analysis of starch quality parameters. Genotype had a larger influence than environment on root dry matter. This agrees with the hypothesis that one or a few major genes control root dry matter in cassava. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Bioactive compounds and antioxidant potential in fresh and dried Jaffa® sweeties, a new kind of citrus fruit
Authors: Gorinstein Shela , Haruenkit Ratiporn , Park Yong‐Seo , Jung Soon‐Teck , Zachwieja Zofia , Jastrzebski Zenon , Katrich Elena , Trakhtenberg Simon , Belloso Olga Martin 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBioactive compounds in the edible parts of fresh and dried Jaffa® sweeties, a new kind of citrus fruit, were analysed and their antioxidant capacities were assessed. Antioxidant‐rich fractions were extracted from fresh and dried sweeties with 1.2 M HCl in methanol/water (1:1 v/v), and the antioxidant activities of these extracts were evaluated. Using the β‐carotene/linoleate model system, the extracts from equivalent quantities of fresh and dried sweeties showed 89 and 87% antioxidant activity respectively. Similarly, using the DPPH radical‐scavenging method, the extracts showed 87 and 85% antioxidant activity respectively. The best correlations were between caffeic acid content and β‐carotene and DPPH antioxidant activity values (r = 0.9849 and 0.9798 respectively, p = 0.005). Both fresh and dried sweeties are bioactive natural products; when fresh fruits are not available, properly dried sweeties could be used as a substitute. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Reaction of halogenated hydrocarbon solvents with tertiary amines: Spectrophotometric and conductimetric study
Authors: Gainza Alberto Hernandez 
Published: July 2004

AbstractHalogenated hydrocarbon solvents, SolvCl, (dichloromethane, chloroform, and 1,2‐dichloroethane) react with various types of tertiary amines, A, such as tri‐n‐buthylamine, tropane derivatives (tropine and atropine) and quinine generating a quaternary ammonium salt, N‐halogenalkylammonium chloride (SolvA+Cl−). Some tertiary amines, as well as secondary and primary amines, cannot react with these solvents. This reaction has been detected and studied by both conductivity and visible spectrophotometry measures—the latter after adding a small quantity of a dye, such as bromocresol green (BCGH2), bromophenol blue (BPBH2), or tetrabromophenolphthaleinethyl ester (TBPEH). Both study methods permit the determination of the kinetic parameters, and they are in good agreement. The monoprotic TBPEH is the dye of the simplest mechanism, useful to study kinetics of amines of uncertain behavior as quinine, while BPBH2 is the best dye for quantitative determinations. Kinetics for this reaction are of first order for both amine, A, and solvent, SolvCl; activation energy, Ea, and frequency factor are also determined. Rate constants increase with the amine basicity and with a reduction in the number of the halogen atoms present in the solvent. This reaction is slow but not negligible and must be considered a side reaction of these universally used solvents. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 36:500–509, 2004
The role of electron capture dissociation in biomolecular analysis
Authors: Cooper Helen J. , Håkansson Kristina , Marshall Alan G. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe introduction of electron capture dissociation (ECD) to electrospray (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR MS) constitutes a significant advance in the structural analysis of biomolecules. The fundamental features and benefits of ECD are discussed in this review. ECD is currently unique to FT‐ICR MS and the fundamentals of that technique are outlined. The advantages and complementarity of ECD in relation to other tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) techniques, such as infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) and sustained off‐resonance collision‐induced dissociation (SORI‐CID), are discussed. The instrumental considerations associated with implementation of ECD, including activated ion techniques and coupling to on‐line separation techniques, are covered, as are the allied processes electronic excitation dissociation (EED), electron detachment dissociation (EDD), and hot electron capture (HECD). A major theme of this review is the role of ECD in proteomics, particularly for characterization of post‐translational modifications (phosphorylation, glycosylation, carboxyglutamic acid, sulfation, acylation, and methionine oxidation) and the top‐down approach to protein identification. The application of ECD to the analysis of polymers, peptide nucleic acids, and oligonucleotides is also discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 24:201–222, 2005