bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DFT Analyses of Arsylsemicarbazone Group as Functional compound for application as excellent fluorescent probes and medicament: Study on virtual Screening through Molecular Docking
Authors: Bose Debosreeta , Sil Akash , Chakraborty Parna , Dasgupta Saumya , Mukhopadhyay Jayanta , Mukhopadhyay Madhumita 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The present invention reports two novel functional compounds, 2-hydroxy-3-naphthaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (2H3NTS) and 2-hydroxy-3-naphthaldehyde semi carbazone (2H3NS) as an excellent fluorescent probe which possess anticancer features and are not yet synthesized by any research group. The DFT study reveals significantly higher stokes shift (315 nm) for 2H3NS indicating swift relaxation from initial to the emissive state and reduces self-quenching from self-molecular absorption which favours its practical application. Consequently, successive in-vitro activity of 2H3NTS and /2H3NS is studied using molecular docking towards the inhibition capacity of target kinase protein like CDK, primarily responsible for cell growth. As expected, 2H3NS is capable of binding both competitive ATP binding SITE I and non-competitive SITE II which lies below the T-loop, thereby inhibiting the cell growth and differentiation. However, 2H3NTS with polarizable sulphur is incapable of binding at SITE I with selective inhibition posing the ATP site to be well conserved.
Prevalence and associated factors of maternal depression among mothers of children with undernutrition at comprehensive specialized hospitals in northwest, Ethiopia, 2023: a cross‑sectional study
Authors: Yenealem Biazin , Nenko Goshu , Nakie Girum , Getnet Berhanie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Malnutrition remains one of the most significant child health problems in developing countries, accounting for an estimated 53% of child deaths per year. Depression is the leading cause of disease-related disability in women and adversely affects the health and well-being of mothers and their children. Studies have shown that maternal depression has an impact on infant growth and nutritional status. Evidence is scarce regarding the relationship between maternal depression and child malnutrition.
Objectives
To assess the prevalence and associated factors of maternal depression among mothers of children with undernutrition in Comprehensive Specialized hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia, 2023.
Methods
An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 465 mothers in the hospital. Data were collected by reviewing the patient chart and using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Outcome variables were assessed by using a patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9). Then it was entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 25 computer software. Bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with maternal depression. The presence of an association was presented by an adjusted odds ratio considering a 95% confidence interval and a p-value < 0.05.
Result
The prevalence of maternal depression among mothers of children with undernutrition was found to be 36.4% (95% CI: 32–41%). In the multivariable analysis, Lack of maternal education (AOR = 2.872, 95% CI = 1.502–5.492), being unemployed (AOR = 2.581, 95% CI = 1.497–4.451), poor social support (AOR = 2.209, 95% = 1.314–3.713), perceived stigma (AOR = 2.243, 95% CI = 1.414–3.560), and stunting (AOR = 1.913, 95% CI = 1.129–3.241) were factors significantly associated with maternal depression.
Conclusion
The overall prevalence of maternal depression among mothers of children with undernutrition was high which was associated with a lack of education, being unemployed, having poor social support, high perceived stigma, and stunting physical growth in children with undernutrition. Therefore, to control the high magnitude of maternal depression among mothers of children with undernutration interventions like increasing the level of maternal education and employment status, strengthening social support, and reduction of stigma are required.
Study of plastic deformation and quality of flexible medium forming of bionic egg-shaped shell
Authors: sun zhiying , Shi Zhengxian , Shen Mingting , Cheng Huiming 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aiming at the problems of large deviation of plastic machining accuracy and different buckling instability loads of bionic egg-shaped shells under different flexible medium forming technologies, it is proposed to adopt unidirectional loading rubber bulging and granular medium bulging technologies of bionic egg-shaped shells. By comparing the plastic machining accuracy, geometric accuracy, and strength of bionic egg-shaped shells with different flexible mediums, the machining accuracy and overall quality of bionic egg-shaped shells can be improved. To explore the stress and strain conditions in different stages and regions of egg-shaped shell flexible medium forming technologies under the ideal condition of considering the thickness stress, the mechanical analysis of egg-shaped shell flexible medium forming technologies is carried out. The simulation analysis and experimental verification methods are used to analyze the forming process of egg-shaped shells with different flexible mediums and verify the accuracy of the numerical analysis model. Then, in order to master the influence of flexible medium forming technologies on the plastic deformation and quality of egg-shaped shells, the influence of different flexible medium forming technologies on the plastic machining accuracy, geometric accuracy, and strength of egg-shaped shells is researched. The study shows that the results of the numerical analysis of the egg-shaped shell flexible medium forming technology have an average error of no more than 11% with the test, and the numerical analysis model can be considered accurate. Moreover, the plastic machining accuracy of egg-shaped shell process parts and egg-shaped parts with granular medium is better than that of rubber medium. The maximum strain of the egg-shaped part is 4% higher than that of the rubber medium, and the maximum thinning rate is 13.9% smaller than that of the rubber medium. The geometric accuracy deviation of the egg-shaped part of the egg-shaped shell with the granular medium is 10% smaller than that of the rubber medium, and the process parts are also superior to the rubber medium. The buckling loads of the egg-shaped shell process parts with the granular medium are all higher than that of the rubber medium, and the buckling loads of the egg-shaped parts are slightly smaller than that of the rubber medium. However, taking into account the error of the egg-shaped shell flexible medium forming test, hydrostatic pressure test, and the overall buckling load distribution of the egg-shaped shell flexible medium forming process parts, it is considered that the overall strength of the egg-shaped shell with the granular medium is higher than that of the rubber medium.
Efficacy and Safety of Artemether-lumefantrine for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Mainland Tanzania, 2019
Authors: Ngasala Billy E. , Chiduo Mercy G. , Mmbando Bruno P. , Francis Filbert T. , Bushukatale Samwel , Makene Twilumba , Mandara Celine I. , Ishengoma Deus S. , Kamugisha Erasmus , Ahmed Maimuna , Mahende Muhidin K. , Kavishe Reginald A. , Muro Florida , Molteni Fabrizio , Reaves Erik , Kitojo Chonge , Greer George , Nyinondi Ssanyu , Kabula Bilal , Lalji Shabbir , Chacky Frank , Njau Ritha , Warsame Marian , Mohamed Ally 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) have been a major contributor to the substantial reductions in global malaria morbidity and mortality over the last decade. In Tanzania, artemether-lumefantrine (AL) was introduced as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in 2006. The WHO recommends regular assessment and monitoring of the efficacy of the first-line treatment, specifically considering that artemisinin resistance has been confirmed in the Greater Mekong sub-region. This study's main aim was to assess AL's efficacy and safety for treating uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in Tanzania.
Methods
This was a single-arm prospective antimalarial drug efficacy trial conducted in four of the eight National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) sentinel sites in 2019. The trial was carried out in outpatient health facilities in Karume-Mwanza region, Ipinda-Mbeya region, Simbo-Tabora region, and Nagaga-Mtwara region. Children aged six months to 10 years with microscopy confirmed uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria who met the inclusion criteria were recruited based on the WHO protocol. The children received AL (a 6-dose regimen of AL twice daily for three days). Clinical and parasitological parameters were monitored during follow-up over 28 days to evaluate drug efficacy.
Results
A total of 628 children were screened for uncomplicated malaria, and 349 (55.6%) were enrolled between May and September 2019. Of the enrolled children, 343 (98.3%) completed the 28-day follow-up or attained the treatment outcomes. There were no early treatment failures; recurrent infections during follow-up were common at two sites (Karume 29.5%; Simbo 18.2%). PCR-corrected adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) by survival analysis to AL on day 28 of follow-up varied from 97.7% at Karume to 100% at Ipinda and Nagaga sites. The commonly reported adverse events were cough, skin pallor, and abdominal pain. The drug was well tolerated, and no serious adverse event was reported.
Conclusion
This study showed that AL had adequate efficacy and safety for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Tanzania in 2019. The high recurrent infections were mainly due to new infections, highlighting the potential role of introducing alternative ACTs that offer improved post-treatment prophylaxis, such as artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ).
Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Characteristics in Patients with Craniopharyngioma
Authors: Liu Chunhui , Liu Fangzheng , Nie Ding , Xiao Youchao , Wu Wentao , Jia Yanfei , Jin Lu , Qiao Ning , Cai Kefan , Ru Siming , Liu Xin , Song Yifan , Xu Jintian , Cao Lei , Gui Songbai 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is associated with various intracranial neoplastic diseases. It has been observed that alterations in the gut microbiota are present in gliomas, meningiomas, and pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (Pit-NETs). However, the correlation between gut microbiota and craniopharyngioma (CP), a rare embryonic malformation tumor in the sellar region, has not been previously mentioned. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the gut microbiota composition and metabolic patterns in CP patients, with the goal of identifying potential therapeutic approaches.
Methods
We enrolled 15 medication-free and non-operated patients with CP and 15 healthy controls (HCs), conducting sequential metagenomic and metabolomic analyses on fecal samples to investigate changes in the gut microbiota of CP patients. Subsequently, a metabolome-microbe correlation analysis was also performed.
Results
The composition of gut microbiota and metabolic patterns of patients with CP compared to HCs show significant differences; these metabolic changes are significantly associated with altered gut microbiota.
Conclusions
The gut microbiota composition and metabolic patterns in patients with CP differ significantly from the healthy population, presenting potential new therapeutic opportunities.
Targeting BRD4 Ameliorates Experimental Emphysema by Disrupting Super-Enhancer in Polarized Alveolar Macrophage
Authors: Li Difei , Shi Xing , Yang Yuqiong , Deng Yao , Chen Dandan , Chen Shuyu , Meng Qianfang , Wang Jinyong , Wen Guanxi , Liang Zhenyu , Wang Fengyan , Gao Jiaqi , Liu Yuanyuan , Wang Danna , Hu Jieying , Liang Ruifang , Xu Haizhao , Rao Lang , Wang Lingwei , Chen Rongchang , Chen Shanze 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive chronic lung disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation and emphysema. Macrophage polarization plays an important role in COPD pathogenesis by secreting inflammatory mediators. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), an epigenetic reader that specifically binds to histones, plays a crucial role in inflammatory diseases by regulating macrophage polarization. Herein, we attempted to examine the hypothesis that modulating alveolar macrophage polarization via BRD4 inhibitors might has a potential for COPD treatment.
Methods
We firstly investigated the BRD4 expression and its association with clinical parameters and macrophage polarization markers by reanalyzing the clinical cohort of sputum transcriptomes from 94 patients with COPD and 36 healthy individuals in China. In vivo, we further verified its expression in the lipopolysaccharides (LPS)/elastase-induced emphysema model. Subsequently, BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 and degrader ARV-825 were intraperitoneally administrated into emphysema mice in order to investigate their effects on lung emphysema and inflammation. In vitro, RNA-seq and CUT&Tag assay of BRD4 and acetylated histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27ac), were applied for elucidating the underlying molecular mechanism of how BRD4 regulates macrophage polarization.
Results
We found an increased expression of BRD4 in the induced sputum from patients with COPD and unveiled a strong correlation between BRD4 expression and clinical parameters as well as macrophage polarization. Subsequently, the upregulation of BRD4 in macrophage was verified in the experimental emphysema model. BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 and degrader ARV-825 significantly mitigated emphysema and airway inflammation along with better protection of lung function in mice. BRD4 inhibition also suppressed both M1 and M2 alveolar macrophage polarization. The CUT&Tag assay of BRD4 and H3K27ac, revealed that BRD4 inhibition disrupted the super-enhancers (SEs) of IRF4 (a crucial transcription factor for M2 macrophage), and subsequently affected the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12) which is vital for emphysema development.
Conclusion
This study suggested that downregulation of BRD4 might suppress airway inflammation and emphysema through disrupting the SEs of IRF4 and alveolar macrophages polarization, which might be a potential target of therapeutic intervention in COPD.
Comparison of different methods for extraction of phycocyanin from cyanobacterium Arthrospira maxima (Spirulina)
Authors: Kuhnholz Jan , Glockow Till , Siebecke Verena , Anh Thu Le , Tran Long-Dinh , Noke Anja 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Phycocyanin is an interesting alternative for synthetic food colorants. For extraction of phycocyanin from representatives of cyanobacterial genus Arthrospira various methods have been described in literature including ultrasonication, glass bead extraction and freeze-thawing. In this work, three optimized methods for the extraction of phycocyanin from A. maxima were applied in order compare the effectiveness of the different processes. After harvesting the biomass, he extractions were carried out using ultrasonication followed by flocculation with chitosan in different organic acid solutions, glass bead extraction and freeze-thawing, both followed by centrifugation. The obtained extracts were analysed using spectrophotometry in the wavelength spectrum of 280 to 800 nm. The highest C-PC contents of 17.03 ± 0.53 % and 15.21 ± 0.41 % were achieved with the freeze-thawing and the ultrasonication method, respectively. The highest purity value of 2.02 ± 0.01 was achieved with ultrasonication and flocculation with chitosan in acetic acid. Using citric or lactic acid for flocculation with chitosan resulted in greenish extracts containing high amounts of chlorophyll. In conclusion, flocculation with chitosan in acetic acid can be an interesting alternative for centrifugation providing highly purified phycocyanin extracts.
Feasibility of Remote Robot Empowered Teleultrasound Scanning for Radioactive Patients
Authors: Liang Ying , Amores Manuel Escobar , Jiang Zirui , Yu Bo , Lu Man , Wang Lu , Li Jiami 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the feasibility of robot-assisted teleultrasound diagnosis for radioactive patients compared with conventional ultrasound diagnosis.
Methods
In this prospective study (ChineseClinicalTrials.gov identifier, ChiCTR2200057253), 32 radioactive patients were examined by conventional ultrasound and MGIUS-R3 robot-assisted ultrasound from March 2022 to June 2022. After two scans, patients completed a satisfaction survey, including comfort score, fear score, tension score and pain score. The durations of both scans were recorded, and sonographers wore lead apron to prevent the radiation during the conventional examination. Subsequently, the ultrasonic images saved by sonographers were diagnosed and scored. Finally, we evaluated the feasibility of the robot-assisted teleultrasound diagnosis system regarding patients’ satisfaction, examination duration, image quality and diagnostic consistency via χ2 test, Kappa consistency test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Results
Among 32 patients (mean age, 54.9 ± 9.8 [SD]; 16 women), 29 had consistent diagnoses and 3 had inconsistent diagnoses between two scans, but the diagnostic consistency was good (Kappa = 0.818, P < 0.001). In addition, there was no statistical difference between two scans with regard to image quality score (29.28 ± 0.47vs29.31 ± 0.44, P = 0.97), comfort score (10vs10, P > 0.99), tension score (0vs0, P > 0.99) and fear score (0.09vs0, P = 0.32). Although 7 patients felt slightly painful during teleultrasound scan, the pain intensity was acceptable (0.31vs0, P = 0.02). The mean duration of teleultrasound examinations was 11.1 minutes (6–24 minutes), which was longer than 5.9 minutes (2–17 minutes) of conventional examinations (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Comparing robot-assisted teleultrasound and conventional ultrasound, there was no evidence of differences regarding patients’ satisfaction and image quality, and the diagnostic consistency was remarkable.
Two-center study of Volume-OXygenation index in predicting the efficacy of early non-invasive ventilation in patients with hypoxemic Respiratory failure
Authors: Liu Xiaoyi , Chen Lijuan , Liu Hui , Duan Jun , Ran Hui , Chen Lili , Zhou Rui , Zheng Xiangde 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The Volume OXygeneration (VOX) index was initially designed to predict treatment failure of high-flow nasal cannula therapy. However, its predictive power for treatment failure in patients receiving non-invasive ventilation (NIV) remains uncertain.
Methods
This retrospective study was conducted across two centers from September 2017 to September 2021. Patients who underwent early NIV treatment were grouped based on their 2-hour NIV VOX Youden index. The low-risk group consisted of patients with a VOX index > 20.45 (n = 188), while the high-risk group included those with a VOX index ≤ 20.45 (n = 200). Baseline data and arterial blood gas values were collected at 2, 12, and 24 hours after NIV initiation.
Results
Compared to the low-risk group, the high-risk group exhibited higher SOFA scores, respiratory rates, and heart rates, along with a lower oxygenation index (P/F) (all P < 0.05). Following NIV treatment, the low-risk group showed a more significant increase in P/F values at 2 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours after NIV initiation. Moreover, the low-risk group had a lower intubation rate (3.19% vs. 60%, P < 0.05) and mortality rate (4.79% vs. 17.5%, P < 0.05). At 2 hours of NIV, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting NIV failure using the VOX index was 0.843 (95% CI 0.805–0.882). Using a VOX index threshold of 20.45 to predict NIV failure, the sensitivity was 69.1%, and the specificity was 94.4%. Furthermore, a VOX index ≤ 20.45 was identified as an independent risk factor for tracheal intubation and death.
Conclusions
In early NIV treatment for hypoxemic acute respiratory failure, the VOX index obtained after 2 hours of NIV demonstrates a strong predictive power for NIV failure. Patients with a VOX index > 20.45 have a low probability of NIV failure, suggesting that it can be used as an evaluation index to assess the efficacy of NIV.
Subspace Blind Channel Estimation Methods in OFDM Systems under Multi-path Channels
Authors: Al-Qadhi Osamah , Abdul-Rahaim Laith , Sahib Dheyaaldeen , Obaid Ali , Alwan Falah 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we compare two methods of subspace blind channel estimation in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems using different guard intervals under a multi-path channel with an exponentially decaying power profile. In both methods, we propose the same solution to solve the scalar ambiguity problem, which is a common problem in subspace blind estimation methods, by using a single pilot signal. The bit error rate (BER) and the normalized mean square error (NMSE) of the estimated channel vector were compared under various signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and different numbers of transmitted OFDM symbols. The impact of using different positions of the pilot signal is also demonstrated. The results of channel estimation, data detection, and system complexity show that the zero padding (ZP) model is superior to the model with a cyclic prefix (CP).
Robot-assisted thoracoscopic excision of a giant leiomyoma of the upper esophagus: A technical report
Authors: Wu Wenqiang , Wang Zhigang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background: Esophageal leiomyoma is a relatively rare disease that can occur in any part of the esophagus. In the past, open thoracic surgery or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) were commonly used to remove esophageal leiomyomas.
Case presentation: A 21-year-old male patient presented with progressive dysphagia for more than 3 years. Esophageal radiography showed a narrowed chest esophageal lumen. Esophagoscopy revealed a large tumor located 24 cm-31 cm from the incisor teeth. Robot-assisted esophageal tumor removal was performed under general anesthesia.On the third day after surgery, the patient resumed a fully liquid diet. A follow-up upper gastrointestinal contrast radiography after surgery showed no esophageal perforation, and the contrast agent passed through the esophagus smoothly.
Conclusions: In this patient, the esophageal mass was large and located at the upper and middle esophagus; it was deep and had a complex anatomical structure. Robotic surgery, however, results in less trauma and precise manipulation than open surgery and is a more suitable surgical approach for deep and complex tumors in the chest cavity.