bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biosafety Management Practices Among Clinical Laboratory Professionals in Debre Berhan Town Governmental Hospitals, Ethiopia: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Tadesse Mahlet Tewodros , Ayalke Libse Lemma , Tedla Beza Fitiwi , Weldemeskel Fikrite Adefris , Yirdaw Ahmed Seid , Abebe Tsegahun Asfaw 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground and AimsClinical laboratories play a vital role in modern healthcare, where laboratory test results significantly influence medical decisions. However, laboratory professionals are often exposed to hazardous biological materials, underscoring the importance of biosafety management. This study aimed to assess biosafety practices among clinical laboratory professionals in Debre Berhan town, Ethiopia.MethodsA cross‐sectional study involving 81 participants was conducted using a standard questionnaire covering work habits, protective barriers, safety equipment, and biosafety policy perception. Descriptive data was summarized using a table and graph. Logistic regression was employed to determine factors affecting adherence to biosafety protocols. Statistically significant value was identified using p value ≤ 0.05, 95% CI, and OR.ResultsThe results revealed high compliance with essential work habits, such as the use of mechanical pipettes 77 (95.1%) and proper handwashing after handling biohazardous material 78 (96.3%) and after removing gloves 80 (98.8%). However, adherence to the use of protective barriers 50 (61.7%), biosafety training 15 (18.5%), and emergency preparedness 28 (34.6%) were notably low. Only 35 (43.2%) of participants received appropriate immunizations, and access to biosafety equipment like biological safety cabinets was limited 15 (18.5%). Experience and training were significant predictors of biosafety compliance, highlighting the need for continuous education and institutional support.ConclusionThe findings underscore the importance of enhancing training programs, improving access to safety equipment, and ensuring the consistent application of biosafety protocols to protect laboratory personnel from hazardous biological materials and maintain public health.
Gastrointestinal Parasites With Their Risk Factors in Tharu Indigenous People in Southern Nepal: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Chaudhary Pinki Kumari , Ghimire Tirth Raj 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundGlobally, gastrointestinal (GI) infections are common, particularly in populations with low socioeconomic levels, including high illiteracy rates, ignorance, poor housing and lifestyles, and unfavorable environmental conditions. These risk factors are the underlying cause of GI parasitic infections in many developing nations, including Nepal.AimThis study aimed to assess the prevalence and diversity of GI parasites and their association with a few risk factors within the marginalized indigenous Tharu people of the southern region of Nepal.MethodsA purposive sampling method was used to collect stool samples from Tharu indigenous people (N = 179) in Thaskaul, Kolhabi, Bara, Nepal. The samples were preserved in a 2.5% potassium dichromate solution. The samples were analyzed by direct wet mount and acid‐fast staining techniques and examined at 40×, 100×, 400×, and 1000× magnifications.ResultsOut of 179 stool samples, the prevalence rate of the GI parasites was 42.46% (n = 76), out of which females (43.00%, 43/100) had a slightly higher prevalence rate than males (41.77%, 33/79) (p > 0.05, chi‐square tests at 95% confidence level). Out of nine species of GI parasites, the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was highest among protozoa (30.17%, n = 54), whereas that of Ascaris lumbricoides was highest among helminths (5.59%, n = 10). Occupation, animal husbandry, parasitologic knowledge, drinking water sources, pork‐feeding habit, diarrheal or stomachache symptoms, and drug‐consuming history were associated with one or more GI parasitosis (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe moderate prevalence and diversity of GI parasitism in the Tharu population suggests the need for effective, efficient, and timely preventative and control measures in the study area. Further One Health Approach, by conducting studies that involve the examination of samples from the local populations, livestock, food, water, and soil, would be important.
Assessing Willingness to Pay for IVF Among Infertile Women in Greece: A Single‐Center Case Study
Authors: Ntais Christos , Artsita Mary , Talias Michael A. , Fanourgiakis John , Kontodimopoulos Nikolaos 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsIn recent years, In Vitro fertilization (IVF) science has grown by leaps and bounds in the field of assisted reproduction, helping millions of couples worldwide. The aim of this study is to examine the extent to which infertile women are willing to pay for IVF services in Greece.MethodsThrough the distribution of questionnaires, willingness to pay (WTP) is recorded according to IVF success rates, and the relationship between WTP and the respondents' demographic characteristics is analyzed. Subjects were divided into two groups according to age and were given a hypothetical scenario, according to the contingent valuation approach.ResultsThe majority of women were reluctant to pay the amount of money corresponding to the average cost of an IVF cycle in Greece. In particular, participants replied that the amount they would be willing to pay is only one‐third of the indicative amount of €6000. Moreover, WTP is not influenced by the professional status or educational level of the participating women.ConclusionThis study highlights the financial barriers many couples face when pursuing assisted reproduction. If the average cost of IVF were lower, infertile women would be willing to undergo more IVF cycles if necessary. This finding has important implications for the valuation of IVF services and the development of pricing policies to enhance affordability and accessibility. Policymakers must consider reforms that balance the cost of IVF with its societal benefits. By incorporating this aspect into pricing and policy decisions, Greece can improve the accessibility of IVF services and ensure equitable treatment opportunities for all concerned individuals.
A Perceptual Model of Drivers and Limiters of Coastal Groundwater Dynamics
Authors: Kretschmer Daniel V. , Michael Holly A. , Moosdorf Nils , Oude Essink Gualbert H. P. , Bierkens Marc F. P. , Wagener Thorsten , Reinecke Robert 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCoastal groundwater is a vital resource for coastal communities around the globe, and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) delivers nutrients to coastal marine ecosystems. Climatic changes and anthropogenic actions alter coastal hydrology, causing seawater intrusion (SWI) globally. However, the selection of SWI and SGD study sites may be highly biased, limiting our process knowledge. Here, we analyse hydroenvironmental characteristics of coastal basins studied in 1298 publications on SGD and SWI to understand these potential biases. We find that studies are biased towards basins with gross domestic product per capita below (SWI) and above (SGD) the median of all global coastal basins. Urban coastal basins are strongly overrepresented compared to rural coastal basins, limiting our progress in understanding undisturbed natural processes. Despite the connection between anthropogenic activity and coastal groundwater issues, and the consequential overrepresentation of urban basins in coastal groundwater studies, perceptual (or conceptual) models of coastal groundwater rarely include anthropogenic influences aside from pumping (e.g., subsidence, land use change). Taking a holistic view on coastal groundwater flows, we have developed an editable perceptual model illustrating the current understanding, including both natural and anthropogenic drivers. As SGD and SWI in new areas of the globe are studied, we advocate for researchers to utilise and further edit this perceptual model to openly communicate our process understanding and study assumptions.
Optimizing Breast Cancer Detection: Integrating Few‐Shot and Transfer Learning for Enhanced Accuracy and Efficiency
Authors: Sarwar Nadeem , Al‐Otaibi Shaha , Irshad Asma 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBreast cancer (BC) detection based on mammogram images is still an open issue, particularly when there is little annotated data. Combining few‐shot learning (FSL) with transfer learning (TL) has been identified as a potential solution to overcome this problem due to its ability to learn from a few examples while producing robust features for classification. The objective of this study is to use and analyze FSL integrated with TL to enhance the classification accuracy and generalization ability in a limited dataset. The proposed approach integrates the FSL models (prototypical networks, matching networks, and relation networks) with the TL procedures. The models are trained using a small set of samples with annotation and can be assessed using various performance metrics. The models were trained and compared to the TL and the state‐of‐the‐art methods regarding accuracy, precision, recall, F1‐score, and area under the ROC curve (AUC). The models proved to be effective when integrated, and the relation networks model was the most accurate, with an accuracy of 95.6% and an AUC of 0.970. The models provided higher accuracy, recall, and F1‐scores, especially in the case of discerning between normal, benign, and malignant cases, as compared to TL traditional techniques and the various recent state‐of‐the‐art techniques. This integrated approach gives high efficiency, accuracy, and scalability to the whole BC detection process, and it has potential for further medical imaging domains. Future research will explore hyperparameter tuning and incorporating electronic health record systems to enhance diagnostic precision and individualized care.
Polycyclization decorated organoboron emitters with hetero[8]helicenes electronic structure for highly‐efficient and stable narrowband circularly polarized electroluminescence
Authors: Li Chenglong , Zhou Jianping , Dai Hengyi , Li Meng , Zhang Dongdong , Duan Lian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMultiresonance organoboron helicenes are promising narrowband circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) emitters, which, however, still face formidable challenges to balance a large luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) and a high luminescence efficiency. Here, two pairs of organoboron enantiomers (P/M‐BN[8]H‐ICz and P/M‐BN[8]H‐BO) with the same hetero[8]helicene geometric structures are developed through polycyclization decoration. We find that it is the helicity of helicene electronic structures rather than the geometrical one that determines the molecular dissymmetry property as a larger electronic helicity could enhance the electron‐orbital coupling of the helicene structure. Therefore, P/M‐BN[8]H‐BO who possesses a hetero[8]helicene electronic structure realizes a nearly one‐order‐of‐magnitude higher glum (+2.75/−2.52 × 10−3) and a higher photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 99% compared with P/M‐BN[8]H‐ICz bearing only a hetero[6]helicene electronic distribution structure (glum of only +2.41/−2.37 × 10−4 and PLQY of 95%). Moreover, BN[8]H‐BO exhibits a narrowband green emission peaking at 538 nm with a full‐width at half‐maxima of merely 34 nm, narrower than most multiresonance CPL helicenes. The corresponding organic light‐emitting diodes simultaneously realize a high external quantum efficiency of 31.7%, an electroluminescence dissymmetry factors (gEL) of +5.23/−5.07 × 10−3, and an extremely long LT95 (time to 95% of the initial luminance) of over 731 h at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m–2.image
Resilience Assessment of Tomato Crop Chlorophyll Fluorescence Against Water Stress Under Elevated CO2 and Protective Cultivation
Authors: Akhlaq Muhammad , Miao Henglu , Zhang Chuan , Yan Haofang , Run Xue , Chauhdary Junaid Nawaz , Rehman Muhammad Mahmood ur , Li Jun , Ren Jiangtao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWater scarcity is a crucial issue that reduces plant growth and yield worldwide. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, which are associated with plant growth and yield under water stress, are the most sensitive plant parameters. The mitigation of water stress by elevated CO2 (e[CO2]) by chlorophyll fluorescence for tomato growth is rare. Tomato plants were grown in a controlled environment chambers (CECs) under eight treatments under controlled environmental conditions for two growing seasons: autumn–winter (AW) 2021 and spring–summer (SS) 2022. The four irrigation regimes included 40%–50% soil water holding capacity (WHC) (I1), 60%–70% WHC (I2), 80%–90% WHC (I3) and 100% WHC (I4). Eight treatments of four irrigation regimes coupled with e[CO2] (700 μmol·mol−1) and ambient CO2 (a[CO2], 500 μmol·mol−1) were designed, respectively: I1e[CO2], I2e[CO2], I3e[CO2], I4e[CO2], I1a[CO2], I2a[CO2], I3a[CO2] and I4a[CO2], where I4a[CO2] was considered the control treatment (CK). The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), photochemical efficiency of PSII (ФPSII), electron transport rate (ETR) and photochemical quenching (qP) significantly decreased, whereas nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) significantly increased under drought stress. Compared with that under CK, the maximum reduction in Fv/Fm under I1a[CO2] was 14% in AW 2021, whereas it was 19% in SS 2022. The ФPSII was reduced by 13%–3% and 13%–6% under I1a[CO2] in AW 2021 and SS 2022, respectively (under the fixed photosynthetically active radiation range of 125–625 μmol·m−2·s−1) compared with that in the CK. The ETR and qP decreased under I1a[CO2] at their maximum level in AW 2021 and SS 2022 with respect to those in the CK. The results showed that e[CO2] mitigated water stress as the Fv/Fm, ФPSII, ETR and qP were increased under water stress coupled with e[CO2]. I1e[CO2] was the most influential treatment for chlorophyll fluorescence parameters assessed via principal component analysis (PCA) in AW 2021 and SS 2022. This study explained the approach to develop crop resilience against water stress by inducing e[CO2], which will play a vital role in sustainable agriculture under drought stress.
Protective Effect of Fisetin on Subacute and Chronic Arsenic and Fluoride Co‐Exposure Induced Hepatic, Renal and Cardiac Toxicities in Mice
Authors: Nayak Sudipta , Rakshit Debarati , Yadav Vikas , Kundu Snehashis , Nema Mohit , Saharia Nilotpal , Mishra Awanish 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTArsenic and fluoride are potent toxicants frequently present in drinking water and food, posing severe health risks through toxic impacts on key organs, primarily by inducing oxidative stress. Combined exposure to these elements exacerbates oxidative damage, yet effective strategies for preventing and managing their toxicities remain elusive. Fisetin, a bioflavonoid known for its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, has demonstrated protective effects in multiple toxicity studies. However, its effect on arsenic‐ and fluoride‐induced toxicity in vital organs (particularly the liver, kidneys, and heart) remains unexplored. This study investigates the protective potential of fisetin against subacute and chronic co‐exposure to arsenic and fluoride‐induced organ toxicity in a murine model. Male mice were administered arsenic and fluoride through drinking water, while fisetin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/day, orally) was co‐administered simultaneously. Animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks (subacute) and 24 weeks (chronic) for liver, kidney, and heart tissue analysis, assessing biochemical markers and arsenic accumulation. Spectrophotometry study revealed some degree of arsenic chelation with fisetin. The results of In Vivo studies showed that both subacute and chronic exposure led to significant increases in pro‐oxidant levels (ROS, TBARS, and nitrite) and arsenic accumulation, along with reduced GSH content in these organs compared to control. Fisetin treatment dose‐dependently reduced oxidative stress and arsenic content in vital organs of exposed animals. The findings highlight fisetin's antioxidant activity and its capacity to reduce arsenic burden as potential protective mechanisms. These results support fisetin or fisetin‐rich fruit consumption as a therapeutic strategy to mitigate organ toxicity from arsenic and fluoride co‐exposure.
Atomistic Insights Into Interaction of Doxorubicin With DNA: From Duplex to Nucleosome
Authors: Nedělníková Andrea , Stadlbauer Petr , Otyepka Michal , Kührová Petra , Paloncýová Markéta 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDoxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent known for intercalating into DNA. However, the exact modes of DOX interactions with various DNA structures remain unclear. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we explored DOX interactions with DNA duplexes (dsDNA), G‐quadruplex, and nucleosome. DOX predominantly stacks on terminal bases of dsDNA and occasionally binds into its minor groove. In the G‐quadruplex, DOX stacks on planar tetrads but does not spontaneously intercalate into these structures. Potential of mean force calculations indicate that while intercalation is the most energetically favorable interaction mode for DOX in dsDNA, the process requires overcoming a significant energy barrier. In contrast, DOX spontaneously intercalates into bent nucleosomal DNA, due to the increased torsional stress. This preferential intercalation of DOX into regions with higher torsional stress provides new insights into its mechanism of action and underscores the importance of DNA tertiary and quaternary structures in therapies utilizing DNA intercalation.
Dose Evaluation and Optimization of Amoxicillin in Children Treated for Lyme Disease
Authors: Ravix Anne , Gotta Verena , Pfister Marc , Berger Christoph , Glauser Antonia , Paioni Paolo , Csajka Chantal , Guidi Monia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAmoxicillin is commonly used to treat erythema migrans in the first stage of Lyme disease in children, with a recommended dose of 50 mg/kg/day, administered three times a day (q8h). This model‐based simulation study aimed to determine whether splitting the same daily dose into two administrations (q12h) would provide comparable drug exposure. A pharmacokinetic model suitable for a pediatric population (age: 1 month to 18 years, weight: 4–80 kg) was selected through a literature review. Simulations were performed with 15,000 virtual patients receiving 16.67 mg/kg/dose q8h, 25 mg/kg/dose q12h, or other q12h dosing variations. The target therapeutic level was defined by the percentage of time that the unbound drug concentration remained above the minimum inhibitory concentration (% fT > MIC) specific to Borrelia burgdorferi, with MICs of 0.06, 0.25, 1, 2, and 4 mg/L, requiring at least 40% and 50% of time for effective treatment. Probability of target attainment (PTA) was considered acceptable if it exceeded 50%, allowing for comparison of dosing schedules. Results indicated that the 50 mg/kg/day divided q12h regimen provided similar drug exposure to the q8h regimen for MICs below 2 mg/L (PTAs >50%). For a MIC of 2 mg/L, PTA was achieved with a higher dose of 30 mg/kg/dose q12h. However, for a MIC of 4 mg/L, the PTA criterion was not met. These findings suggest that a twice‐daily dosing of 25 mg/kg/dose provides comparable bactericidal activity to the thrice‐daily regimen for MICs between 0.06 and 1 mg/L. This simplified regimen may improve adherence and treatment implementation in children.
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy in Monozygotic Twins—A Case Report
Authors: Xie Lijuan , Zhang Nan , Lv Yonglai 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTArrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is the classic phenotype of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. ARVC in twins have been reported rarely. Herein, we report an unusual case of young monozygotic twins with early disease onset presenting different course of disease progression and clinical manifestations. Echocardiography with multiparameters was used for the diagnosis, screening, and follow‐up of the disease for the family. Cardiac magnetic resonance revealed the fibrosis distribution in the right ventricular with late gadolinium enhancement. DSG2 mutation was found in the family members, which confirmed the final diagnosis of ARVC.
Breast Cancer‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modulate the Cytoplasmic and Cytoskeletal Dynamics of Blood‐Brain Barrier Endothelial Cells
Authors: Busatto Sara , Song Tzu‐Hsi , Kim Hyung Joon , Hallinan Caleb , Lombardo Michael N. , Stemmer‐Rachamimov Anat O. , Lee Kwonmoo , Moses Marsha A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles (EVs) from brain‐seeking breast cancer cells (Br‐EVs) breach the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) via transcytosis and promote brain metastasis. Here, we defined the mechanisms by which Br‐EVs modulate brain endothelial cell (BEC) dynamics to facilitate their BBB transcytosis. BEC treated with Br‐EVs show significant downregulation of Rab11fip2, known to promote vesicle recycling to the plasma membrane and significant upregulation of Rab11fip3 and Rab11fip5, which support structural stability of the endosomal compartment and facilitate vesicle recycling and transcytosis, respectively. Using machine learning and quantitative global proteomic, we identified novel Br‐EV‐induced changes in BECs morphology, motility, and proteome that correlate with decreased BEC cytoplasm and cytoskeletal organization and dynamics. These results define early steps leading to breast‐to‐brain metastasis and identify molecules that could serve as targets for therapeutic strategies for brain metastasis.
Fish Evo‐Devo: Moving Toward Species‐Specific and Knowledge‐Based Interactome
Authors: Ahi Ehsan Pashay 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA knowledge‐based interactome maps interactions among proteins and molecules within a cell using experimental data, computational predictions, and literature mining. These interactomes are vital for understanding cellular functions, pathways, and the evolutionary conservation of protein interactions. They reveal how interactions regulate growth, differentiation, and development. Transitioning to functionally validated interactomes is crucial in evolutionary developmental biology (Evo‐Devo), especially for non‐model species, to uncover unique regulatory networks, evolutionary novelties, and reliable gene interaction models. This enhances our understanding of complex trait evolution across species. The European Evo‐Devo 2024 conference in Helsinki hosted the first fish‐specific Evo‐Devo symposium, highlighting the growing interest in fish models. Advances in genome annotation, genome editing, imaging, and molecular screening are expanding fish Evo‐Devo research. High‐throughput molecular data have enabled the deduction of gene regulatory networks. The next steps involve creating species‐specific interactomes, validating them functionally, and integrating additional molecular data to deepen the understanding of complex regulatory interactions in fish Evo‐Devo. This short review aims to address the logical steps for this transition, as well as the necessities and limitations of this journey.