bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation into the reliability of speaker recognition schemes: analysing the impact of environmental factors utilising deep learning techniques
Authors: Khazaleh Omar Ratib , Khrais Leen Ahmed 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper studies the performance and reliability of deep learning-based speaker recognition schemes under various recording situations and background noise presence. The study uses the Speaker Recognition Dataset offered in the Kaggle website, involving audio recordings from different speakers, and four scenarios with various combinations of speakers. In the first scenario, the scheme achieves discriminating capability and high accuracy in identifying speakers without taking into account outside noise, having roughly one area under the ROC curve. Nevertheless, in the second scenario, with background noise added to the recording, accuracy decreases, and misclassifications increase. However, the scheme still reveals good discriminating power, with ROC areas ranging from 0.77 to 1.
Automated and Optimized Neurosurgery Scheduling System Improves Resident Satisfaction
Authors: Porche Ken , Mohan Arvind , Dow Jamie , Melnick Kaitlyn , Laurent Dimitri , Hoh Brian , Murad Gregory 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Neurosurgery residency involves a complex structure with multiple hospitals, services, and clinic days, leading to challenges in creating equitable call schedules. Manually prepared scheduling systems are prone to biases, error, and perceived unfairness. To address these issues, we developed an automated scheduling system (Automated Optimization of Neurosurgery Scheduling System [AONSS]) to reduce biases, accommodate resident requests, and optimize call variation, ultimately enhancing the educational experience by promoting diverse junior-senior-attending relationships.

METHODS:
AONSS was developed and tailored to the University of Florida program, with inaugural use in 2021–2022 and mandatory implementation in the 2022–2023 academic year. 2019–2021 academic years were used as control. Residents were surveyed using Google Forms before and after implementation to assess its impact. Outcome measures included call and pairing variations, duty hours, as well as subjective factors such as satisfaction, fairness, and perceived biases.

RESULTS:
Twenty-six residents (28%-39% female/year) were included in the study. AONSS was used for 6/13 blocks during the 2021–2022 academic year and 13/13 blocks for the 2022–2023 academic year. Overall call variation reduced by 70%. All other objective secondary measures have improved with AONSS. Weekly and monthly duty hours were reduced and less varied. Satisfaction scores improved from 21% reporting being somewhat satisfied or very satisfied to 90%. Fairness scores improved from 43% reporting being somewhat fair or very fair to 95%. Perception of gender bias decreased from 29% to 0%. No resident felt there was racial bias in either system.

CONCLUSION:
Our newly developed automated scheduling system effectively reduces variation among calls in a complex neurosurgery residency, which, in return, was found to increase residents' satisfaction with their schedule, improve their perception of fairness with the schedule, and has completely removed the perception of sexual bias in a program that has a large percentage of females. In addition, it was found to be associated with decreased duty hours.
Forecasting influenza incidence as an ordinal variable using machine learning
Authors: Wang Haowei , Kwok Kin On , Riley Steven 
Published: January 2024

Background: Many mechanisms contribute to the variation in the incidence of influenza disease, such as strain evolution, the waning of immunity and changes in social mixing. Although machine learning methods have been developed for forecasting, these methods are used less commonly in influenza forecasts than statistical and mechanistic models. In this study, we applied a relatively new machine learning method, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), to ordinal country-level influenza disease data. Methods: We developed a machine learning forecasting framework by adopting the XGBoost algorithm and training it with surveillance data for over 32 countries between 2010 and 2018 from the World Health Organisation’s FluID platform. We then used the model to predict incidence 1- to 4-week ahead. We evaluated the performance of XGBoost forecast models by comparing them with a null model and a historical average model using mean-zero error (MZE) and macro-averaged mean absolute error (mMAE). Results: The XGBoost models were consistently more accurate than the null and historical models for all forecast time horizons. For 1-week ahead predictions across test sets, the mMAE of the XGBoost model with an extending training window was reduced by 78% on average compared to the null model. Although the mMAE increased with longer prediction horizons, XGBoost models showed a 62% reduction in mMAE compared to the null model for 4-week ahead predictions. Our results highlight the potential utility of machine learning methods in forecasting infectious disease incidence when that incidence is defined as an ordinal variable. In particular, the XGBoost model can be easily extended to include more features, thus capturing complex patterns and improving forecast accuracy. Conclusion: Given that many natural extreme phenomena are often described on an ordinal scale when informing planning and response, these results motivate further investigation of using similar scales for communicating risk from infectious diseases.
Speckle wavemeter based on a multi-core fiber and compressive imaging
Authors: Liu Huan , Kong Haole , He Jiajun , Qiu Yanqing , Mao Bangning , Meng Yanlong , Li Yanghui , Kang Juan , Wang Le , Li Yi 
Published: January 2024

Random speckle patterns contain valuable information about the incident light. Researchers have successfully constructed spectrometers and wavemeters by utilizing the speckles generated by inter-mode interferences of a multimode fiber (MMF). However, cameras were often employed to record the speckle data in previous reports. The camera's high cost (especially in the near-infrared range), large size, and low response speed limit the applications in optical communications, metrology, and optical sensing. A seven-core fiber (SCF) was fused with an MMF to capture the speckle pattern, where each core coupled part of the speckle field. Furthermore, we take advantage of the space division multiplexing capability of the SCF by incorporating an optical switch. This allows the variety of speckles generated by the incidence of different cores into the MMF. A convolutional neural network (CNN) regression algorithm was designed to analyze the complicated speckle data. The experimental results show that the proposed wavemeter can resolve adjacent wavelengths of 1 pm with an error of about 0.2 pm. We also discussed how different lengths of MMF influence the wavelength resolution. In conclusion, our research presents a robust and cost-effective approach to a wavelength measurement device by use of a seven-core optical fiber.
Single-double-band switchable optical circular polarizers based on surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Zhang Mingdi , Zhang Zhili , Yang Zhiyong , Cai Wei , Zhong Qiyuan , Luo Lina , Chen Enqing 
Published: January 2024

A single-double-band
switchable circular polarization filter based on surface plasmon
resonance exhibits significant potential for applications in fields
such as communication and sensing due to its adjustable, low-cost, and
easy integration features. In this study, we propose a bi-layer rod
nanostructure and use FEM simulation to study the transmission spectra
of the structure. The results demonstrate that the structure exhibits
both single- and double-band circular polarization filtering effects,
which can be switched by varying geometric parameters such as the
distance between the two layers and the width of nanorods.
Furthermore, the filtering effects of both single- and double-band are
highly dependent on the length of the nanorods, with average
extinction rates reaching 486 and 2020/129, respectively; the
operating bandwidths (defined as extinction ratio >10) can reach 170 nm and
35 nm/70 nm, respectively. The underlying physical
mechanisms are clarified by analyzing the electric dipole, magnetic
dipole resonance modes, and induced chiral fields on
nanostructures.
Gone to Guts: Osteosarcoma With Metastasis to Small and Large Intestines Presenting as Recurrent Bleeding
Authors: Harne Prateek S. , Salooja Ishita , Thomas Percy , Rivera Arturo Suplee , Cardenas Carlos , Zamir Asif 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Gastrointestinal involvement in osteosarcoma is uncommon, with colonic spread being particularly rare. Symptoms range from abdominal pain and obstruction to anemia and melena. Chemotherapy for metastatic lesions has not been standardized, and surgery remains the treatment for selective candidates. We describe a rare occurrence of osteosarcoma metastasizing simultaneously to the small and large intestines in a 43-year-old man who presented with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding causing symptomatic anemia. Endoscopic examination revealed multiple nodules in the jejunum and colon consistent with metastatic osteosarcoma.
Effect of ozone gas on viral kinetics and liver histopathology in hepatitis C patients
Authors: Sadek Ahmed , Abd El Hady Ahmed M. , Olfat Hammam , Abd El Hady Afaf A. , Wafy Wafaa , Zaki Moushira , Youness Eman R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We examine how well ozone/oxygen gas therapy treats chronic hepatitis C patients with varying degrees of liver fibrosis. Also to study the effect of giving multiple anti-oxidants with the ozone/oxygen gas mixture, to see if this addition would have any additive or synergistic effect.

Methods
Two hundred and twenty three patients with chronic hepatitis C. Liver biopsies were carried out at after 12 weeks of administering an ozone/oxygen gas mixture.

Results
The mean stage of fibrosis decreased from 1.98 to 1.41 and the mean grade of inflammation decreased from 10.08 to 7.94, both with a p value less than 0.001. After 12 weeks of treatment, mean PCR values increased. No single significant complication was recorded in a total of >9,000 settings of ozone therapy.

Conclusions
Ozone oxygen gas mixture is safe and effective in treatment of hepatic fibrosis due to chronic viral hepatitis C.
Gettin’ sociolinguistic data remotely: comparing vernacularity during online remote versus in-person sociolinguistic interviews
Authors: Gardner Matt Hunt , Kostadinova Viktorija 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The following paper examines the use of the stable sociolinguistic variable (-ing) across two different interview modalities: “classic” in-person sociolinguistic interviews and identical interviews conducted remotely over online video chat. The goal of this research was to test whether a change in modality results in style-shifting, as quantified by different rates of formal/standard [-ɪŋ] versus informal/non-standard [-ɪn]. Results show that when the internal linguistic constraints governing (-ing) variation are taken into account, there is not a significant difference between modalities, suggesting both modalities are equally formal (or informal). This suggests that remote online video chats are a viable method for collecting sociolinguistic data.
A quasi-boundary value regularization method for the spherically symmetric backward heat conduction problem
Authors: Cheng Wei , Liu Yi-Liang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this article, we investigate a spherically symmetric backward heat conduction problem, starting from the final temperature. This problem is severely ill posed: the solution (if it exists) does not depend continuously on the final data. A conditional stability result of its solution is given. Further, we propose a quasi-boundary value regularization method to solve this ill-posed problem. Two Hölder type error estimates between the approximate solution and its exact solution are obtained under an a priori and an a posteriori regularization parameter choice rule, respectively.
A digital Jordan surface theorem with respect to a graph connectedness
Authors: Šlapal Josef 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
After introducing a graph connectedness induced by a given set of paths of the same length, we focus on the 2-adjacency graph on the digital line

Z

{\mathbb{Z}}

with a certain set of paths of length

n

n

for every positive integer

n

n

. The connectedness in the strong product of three copies of the graph is used to define digital Jordan surfaces. These are obtained as polyhedral surfaces bounding the polyhedra that can be face-to-face tiled with digital tetrahedra.
Nonlinear thermal radiation and the slip effect on a 3D bioconvection flow of the Casson nanofluid in a rotating frame via a homotopy analysis mechanism
Authors: Li Yijie , Imtiaz Mariam , Jamshed Wasim , Rehman Sadique , Eid Mohamed R. , Nasir Nor Ain Azeany Mohd , Aminuddin Nur Aisyah , Abd-Elmonem Assmaa , Abdalla Nesreen Sirelkhitam Elmki , Ibrahim Rabha W. , Amjad Ayesha , El Din Sayed M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This theoretical work suggests a novel nonlinear thermal radiation and an applied magnetic feature-based three-dimensional Casson nanomaterial flow. This flow is assumed in the rotating frame design. Gyrotactic microorganisms (GMs) are utilized in the Casson nanofluid to investigate bioconvection applications. The altered Buongiorno thermal nano-model is used to understand the thermophoretic and Brownian mechanisms. Convective boundary conditions must be overcome to solve the flow problem. With suitable variables, the dimensionless pattern of equations is obtained. The solutions to the nonlinear formulations are then obtained using semi-analytical simulations using a homotopy analysis mechanism. It was found that the velocity outline is enhanced with the enhancing estimations of the buoyancy ratio, rotation factor, and Casson parameter while it is reduced with mixed convection, porosity, slippery parameters, and Rayleigh number. The temperature profile is increased with radiation, the temperature ratio, the thermophoretic parameter, the Brownian parameter, and the Biot number. The Brownian parameter reasons an improvement in the concentration outline contrary to the thermophoretic parameter. The concentration of GMs is decreased with the Peclet number inversely to the Lewis number effect, which causes an increase in the microorganisms’ concentration.
Zwischen Erinnerungskultur und Geschichtspolitik
Authors: Loch Thorsten 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Ausgehend von der Entwicklung im 19. Jahrhundert wendet sich der Autor dem Phänomen der Benennung von Kasernen zu. Erst im ideologischen Zeitalter des 20. Jahrhunderts erhielten sie die Namen von Personen, Orten oder Gemarkungen. In der Bundesrepublik Deutschland war die Benennung von Kasernen immer auch eine Auseinandersetzung um die Erinnerungskultur in der Bundeswehr. Kritiker störten sich vor allem an den nach Wehrmachtsoffizieren benannten Kasernen, schienen sie doch für innenpolitisch motivierte Kontinuität und vordemokratische Gesinnung zu stehen. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser in der Öffentlichkeit wie in der Zeitgeschichtsschreibung bis heute virulenten Debatte spannt der Aufsatz einen Bogen vom 19. Jahrhundert bis in das Jahr 1995 und zeigt erstmals, dass Kasernenbenennungen auch im Zusammenhang mit staatspolitischen Zielsetzungen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland zu verstehen sind.
Schadet Umweltpolitik der Wirtschaft?
Authors: Oberloskamp Eva 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
1975 versammelte Bundeskanzler Helmut Schmidt Vertreter der Wirtschaft, der Bundesregierung und der Ministerialbürokratie zu einer Umweltklausur auf Schloss Gymnich. Fünf Jahre nach dem Start eines ambitionierten umweltpolitischen Reformprogramms sollte auf dem Höhepunkt der Ölpreiskrise diskutiert werden, inwieweit die Umweltpolitik der Wirtschaft schade. Der Aufsatz deutet das Treffen als Kristallisationspunkt der umweltpolitischen Debatte in der Bundesrepublik. Die Vorstellung eines positiven Zusammenhangs von Umweltschutz und Konjunktur wurde hier prominent formuliert und in den politischen Diskurs eingebracht. Auf dieser Grundlage konnte sich in der Folge das wirkungsmächtige Konzept einer ökologischen Modernisierung etablieren.
Wider das Establishment
Authors: Fischer Moritz , Schlemmer Thomas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Die Zeitgeschichtliche Forschungsstelle Ingolstadt (ZFI) ist weitgehend vergessen, auch wenn ihr nach wie vor die Rolle einer wichtigen Stichwortgeberin auf dem Feld des apologetischen Geschichtsrevisionismus zukommt. 1981 unter Federführung von Alfred Schickel und Hellmut Diwald gegründet, verstand sich die ZFI als Gegenentwurf zum Münchner Institut für Zeitgeschichte (IfZ), das als Bastion einer angeblich politisch motivierten Historiografie einer von den Schatten der NS-Vergangenheit unbelasteten deutschen Identität im Weg stand. Moritz Fischer und Thomas Schlemmer geben auf der Basis neu erschlossener Quellen Einblick in das Innenleben der ZFI, sie zeichnen ihre Konflikte mit etablierten Institutionen wie dem IfZ oder dem Bundesarchiv nach, und sie erklären, warum die ZFI in den 1980er Jahren zu einem auch öffentlich beachteten Eckpfeiler im „Brückenspektrum zwischen Konservativismus und Rechtsextremismus“ (Armin Pfahl-Traughber) avancieren konnte.
O papel pivotal dos ODS para reconfigurar os sistemas alimentares no século XXI
Authors: Schneider Sergio , Donini de Lemos Marcela 
Published: January 2024

Os desafios colocados na contemporaneidade são diversos e multifacetados. As mudanças climáticas estão em curso, não sendo mais um futuro possível, mas uma realidade vivenciada por todos de diferentes maneiras. Assim, foi articulado, a nível global, os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, pautados nas dimensões ambiental, social e econômica, de forma integrada e indivisível, sendo responsabilidade de todos os países membros da Organização das Nações Unidas engajar-se em seus 17 objetivos para que possamos, em conjunto, alcançar o desenvolvimento sustentável. São as Instituições de Ensino Superior também importantes atores sociais para implementar a educação para o desenvolvimento sustentável em sua articulação estrutural com ensino, pesquisa e extensão, para modificação das práticas degradantes da natureza, principalmente no que diz respeito aos sistemas alimentares. Nesse sentido, evidencia-se o papel pivotal dos ODS para a reconfiguração dos sistemas alimentares, devida sua importância como principais causadores e afetados pela degradação e uso de recursos naturais em todo seu processo.
Palavras-chaves: Objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável; sistemas alimentares; instituições de ensino superior; educação para o desenvolvimento sustentável.
Abordagem integral institucional da sustentabilidade nas instituições de ensino superior: como incorporar a sustentabilidade em suas funções e estabelecer parcerias para o fomento aos objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável
Authors: C. Moura-Leite Rosamaria 
Published: January 2024

Este texto apresenta a relação das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) com a sustentabilidade enfatizando a mútua contribuição entre as IES e os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). Ele também introduz o conceito de Abordagem Integral Institucional da Sustentabilidade, destacando sua importância para capacitar as IES a desempenhar um papel crucial como motores na transformação social em direção à sustentabilidade. Além disso, o texto aborda ferramentas de gestão e avaliação que podem ser adotadas pelas IES e apresenta as barreiras comuns à implementação dos ODS nas IES. E encerra com uma reflexão sobre a importância de as IES atuarem como faróis, iluminando e orientando a sociedade em direção a um desenvolvimento sustentável.
Palavras-chaves: Desenvolvimento Sustentável; Gestão; Avaliação.
Gestão para a sustentabilidade: a implementação do ODS 11 em evidência
Authors: Da Fonseca Holz Raquel , Natalia Steigleder Clara , Pinto da Silva Maurício , Mascarenhas de Souza Pinheiro Pedro 
Published: January 2024

Este artigo explora as possibilidades advindas do Curso de Especialização Lato Sensu em Gestão para a Sustentabilidade do Centro de Integração do Mercosul (CIM), destacando a importância que adquire o ODS 11 para pensar a gestão na área. Enfatizando sua base sólida na interação entre a universidade e a sociedade, na integração dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) e da ênfase na aplicação prática dos princípios da sustentabilidade, o curso reconhece a interligação e a indivisibilidade dos ODS. A partir de uma abordagem holística, envolvendo as áreas que compõem o curso (Hospitalidade urbana, Gestão Sustentável e Mobilidade Urbana Sustentável), o que permite uma análise abrangente da questão da sustentabilidade, neste artigo nos deteremos nas possibilidades de elaborar estudos e propostas visando a implementação do ODS 11.

Palavras-chave: Sustentabilidade; Pós-graduação; ODS 11
Educación para la sustentabilidad en las instituciones de educación superior de América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Sáenz Zapata Orlando 
Published: January 2024

Nesta comunicação que agora se apresenta em forma de texto, o coordenador do Observatório de Sustentabilidade na Educação Superior da América Latina e do Caribe (OSES-ALC) procurou elencar questões referente ao programa interinstitucional de pesquisa, extensão e educação. Os principais temas abordados foram: a aAliança de Redes Ibero-Americanas de Universidades para a Sustentabilidade e o Meio Ambiente. A incorporação da dimensão ambiental no ensino superior na ALC. Os avanços no compromisso ambiental das instituições de ensino superior na ALC. Os avanços no Compromisso e Contribuições das IES da ALC à Agenda 2030 e aos ODS
Os desafios para continuar avançando nas contribuições das IES da ALC para os ODS.
Insights into the Constitutional Status of the Judicial Council in the Context of the Issues of Judicial Funding and Dismissal of Judges
Authors: Šileikis Egidijus 
Published: January 2024

The constitutional consolidation and formal doctrinal development of the framework for the status of the Judicial Council in Lithuania is a reflection of the phenomena of the constitutional legal technique and the doctrinal activism of the Constitutional Court. No other institution referred to in the 1992 Constitution of Lithuania is so constitutionally abstract and so detailed in the doctrine of the Constitutional Court as the Judicial Council. The detail of the official concept of its composition, i.e. constitutionally justifiable (possible) and non-justifiable (impossible) members, which rejects the concept of a broader (politically inclusive) composition of the analogous institution referred to in Poland’s Constitution of 1997, can be viewed in a controversial way. This is important in relation to the aspects of a much more efficient coordination and consideration of the financing of the judiciary for the next year than is currently the case, as envisaged in the draft State budget law prepared by the Ministry of Finance and submitted by the Government to the Parliament (the Seimas). Such a draft, with the participation of the democratically empowered judges who guarantee the self-governance of the judiciary, could and should be more effectively coordinated and debated, and not in the Ministry of Finance or in the Government, but rather in the new Judicial Funding Council (or a differently named additional institution for the financial self-regulation of the judiciary) whose members would include not only judges, but also the relevant State politicians and civil servants (in particular, the Minister of Finance along with the Vice-Minister, and the chairpersons of at least two relevant committees of the Seimas), who, unfortunately, are constitutionally not allowed to be members of the Judicial Council under the Constitutional Court’s controversial strict (hard) jurisprudence in any situation.