bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entrapment of the lingual nerve due to an ossified pterygospinous ligament
Authors: Peuker Elmar T. , Fischer Gerhard , Filler Timm J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDuring a routine dissection course at the University of Muenster (Germany) an unusual course of the lingual nerve was found with entrapment of the nerve between a widely ossified pterygospinous ligament and the medial pterygoid muscle. Furthermore, the nerve‘s mobility was restricted by a more distal anastomosis with the inferior alveolar nerve. Although incomplete or complete ossification of the pterygospinous ligament is not uncommon, the combination with a medial course of the lingual nerve has not been described before. Besides practical importance for surgeons and anesthetists, the entrapment of the lingual nerve may lead to lingual numbness and pain associated with speech impairment. Clin. Anat. 14:282–284, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The natural substrate for nitric oxide synthase activity
Authors: Alaghband‐Zadeh Jamshid , Mehdizadeh Siroos , Khan Nusrat S , Farrell Anne O' , Bitensky Lucille , Chayen Joseph 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThere has been little evidence to indicate that arginine is the natural substrate for generating nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. It is now shown that carnosine, which is widely distributed in tissues, is likely to be the true substrate. In tissue sections it gives a stronger NOS reaction than does arginine. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chirality and the origin of life: In situ enantiomeric separation for future space missions
Authors: Rodier C. , Laurent C. , Szopa C. , Sternberg R. , Raulin F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo different methods of derivatization were studied in order to select and optimize one for the in situ enantiomeric separation of amino acids present in Martian samples. The method, using DMF‐DMA [N,N‐dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal], is simple and easily automated. However, byproducts of the reaction interfere in the gas chromatograms and mass spectrometry detection is needed for in situ analysis. The chloroformate derivatization has several advantages, including the use of achiral robust capillary column, room temperature reaction, and short analysis. The choice of the definitive derivatization method will depend on the energy and time devoted to the analysis of amino acids in the next Mars exploration missions. Chirality 14:527–532, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chiral asymmetry in spiral galaxies?
Authors: Kondepudi Dilip K. , Durand Daniel J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSpiral galaxies are chiral entities when coupled with the direction of their recession velocity. As viewed from the Earth, the S‐shaped and Z‐shaped spiral galaxies are two chiral forms. What is the nature of chiral symmetry in spiral galaxies? In the Carnegie Atlas of Galaxies that lists photographs of a total of 1,168 galaxies, we found 540 galaxies, classified as normal or barred spirals, that are clearly identifiable as S‐ or Z‐ type. The recession velocities for 538 of these galaxies could be obtained from this atlas and other sources. A statistical analysis of this sample reveals no overall asymmetry but there is a significant asymmetry in certain subclasses: dominance of S‐type galaxies in the Sb class of normal spiral galaxies and a dominance of Z‐type in the SBb class of barred spiral galaxies. Both S‐ and Z‐type galaxies seem to have similar velocity distribution, indicating no spatial segregation of the two chiral forms. Chirality 13:351–356, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tetranuclear titanium 7,7′‐modified binaphtholate cluster as a novel chiral Lewis acid catalyst
Authors: Mikami Koichi , Ueki Makoto , Matsumoto Yousuke , Terada Masahiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChiral tetranuclear Ti cluster, a cubic structure constituted of four Ti atoms and OHs, and six (R)‐binaphthols (BINOL) bridged two Ti atoms as ligands, is shown to be a novel chiral Lewis acid catalyst for the [2+3] cycloaddition reaction with nitrones. The chiral Ti clusters with 7,7′‐substituted (R)‐BINOL ligands was synthesized to give enhanced enantiomeric excesses up to 78% ee. Chirality 13:541–544, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hair‐forming activity of human lymphocyte specific protein 1 requires cooperation between its caldesmon‐like domains and the villin headpiece‐like domains
Authors: Zhang Qihong , Li Yao , Howard Thomas H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLSP1 is an F‐actin binding with multiple F‐actin binding domains. Overexpression of LSP1 in NAD 47/89 patient's neutrophils created hair‐like projections on the patient's neutrophil cell surfaces and inhibited neutrophil cell motility and transfection of LSP1 in serial cell lines recreate the NAD 47/89 phenotype and produce branching hair‐like surface projections. Although LSP1 contains hair‐forming ability and LSP1 F‐actin binding domains have been defined, the LSP1 domains responsible for its hair‐forming activity, the relationship to the F‐actin binding domains, and the required domain interactions, if any, for hair formation are not well understood. To define the hair‐forming domains of LSP1, the relationship to the known F‐actin binding domains, and binding domain interactions, LSP1 truncates, which include or exclude the different F‐actin binding domains, were created by PCR. LSP1 mutants were created by site‐directed mutagenesis to define the amino acids important for hair formation. Sf9 cells were infected with recombinant baculovirus expressing the cDNA of LSP1 truncates and mutants, and the morphology of infected Sf9 cells was documented by DIC optics. Results show that (1) the hair‐forming activity of LSP1 is localized to the basic C‐terminal half of the molecule, which contains all of the F‐actin binding domains; (2) both the caldesmon‐like domains and the villin headpiece‐like domains are required for the hair‐forming activity of LSP1; (3) basic amino acids in the villin headpiece regions are crucial for the hair‐forming activity of LSP1 molecule. The results suggest cooperation between the caldesmon‐like domains and the villin headpiece‐like domains are required for the hair‐forming activity of human LSP1 in cells. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 49:179–188, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The World Health Organization histologic classification system reflects the oncologic behavior of thymoma
Authors: Okumura Meinoshin , Ohta Mitsunori , Tateyama Hisashi , Nakagawa Katsuhiro , Matsumura Akihide , Maeda Hajime , Tada Hiroto , Eimoto Tadaaki , Matsuda Hikaru , Masaoka Akira 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough the histologic classification of thymic epithelial tumors has been confusing and controversial, an agreement on the universal classification system for thymic epithelial tumors was achieved by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1999. The authors previously reported that the WHO histologic classification system reflects invasiveness and immunologic function of thymic epithelial tumors. In this subsequent study, they examined the prognostic significance of this classification system.METHODSClinical features as well as postoperative survival of patients with thymoma, but not thymic carcinoma, were examined with reference to WHO histologic classification based on an experience with 273 patients over a 44‐year period.RESULTSThere were 18 type A tumors, 77 type AB tumors, 55 type B1 tumors, 97 type B2 tumors, and 26 type B3 tumors. In patients with type A, AB, B1, B2, and B3 tumors, the respective proportions of invasive tumor were 11.1%, 41.6%, 47.3%, 69.1%, and 84.6%; the respective proportions of tumors with involvement of the great vessels were 0%, 3.9%, 7.3%, 17.5%, and 19.2%; and the respective 20‐year survival rates were 100%, 87%, 91%, 59%, and 36%. According to the Masaoka staging system, the 20‐year survival rates were 89%, 91%, 49%, 0%, and 0% in patients with Stage I, II, III, IVa, and IVb disease, respectively. By multivariate analysis, the Masaoka staging system and the WHO histologic classification system were significant independent prognostic factors, whereas age, gender, association with myasthenia gravis, completeness of resection, or involvement of the great vessels were not significant independent prognostic factors.CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that histologic appearance reflects the oncologic behavior of thymoma when the WHO classification system is adopted. The WHO classification system may be helpful in clinical practice for the assessment and treatment of patients with thymoma. Cancer 2002;94:624–32. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10225
National Cancer Data Base report on malignant paragangliomas of the head and neck
Authors: Lee John H. , Barich Frank , Karnell Lucy Hynds , Robinson Robert A. , Zhen Weining K. , Gantz Bruce J. , Hoffman Henry T. ,   American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer and the American Cancer Society
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDMalignant paragangliomas of the head and neck are rare, with previous reports limited to nine or fewer patients. The current review included 59 cases extracted from the National Cancer Data Base that were diagnosed between 1985–1996.METHODS The primary criterion for inclusion in the current study was verified metastatic spread from a paraganglioma of the head and neck. Patterns of presentation and treatment as well as clinically relevant associations were demonstrated in contingency tables. Relative survival was used for analysis of outcome.RESULTSThe average patient age at presentation was 44 years, and gender distribution was equivalent. Metastases were confined to regional lymph nodes in the majority of cases (68.6%), with carotid body tumors found to have an even higher rate of regional confinement (93.8%). Surgery was the most common treatment (76.3%). The use of adjuvant irradiation for regionally confined disease increased across time, from 27% (1985–1990) to 46% (1991–1996). The 5‐year relative survival rate was 59.5% (76.8% for regionally confined carcinoma and 11.8% for distant metastasis). Among patients who were followed until death, those treated with adjuvant irradiation had a longer median survival (45 months) compared with those patients who were treated with surgery alone (12 months).CONCLUSIONS Malignant paraganglioma represents metastatic spread of a tumor type that, when restricted to the site of origin, is considered benign. Metastases from malignant paragangliomas of the head and neck usually are regionally confined. The primary management of a recognized malignancy should be directed toward complete surgical removal of the primary tumor and regional lymph nodes. Postoperative irradiation may be beneficial in slowing the progression of residual disease. Cancer 2002;94:730–7. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10252
CD3‐ζchain expression of intratumoral lymphocytes is closely related to survival in gastric carcinoma patients
Authors: Ishigami Sumiya , Natsugoe Shoji , Tokuda Koki , Nakajo Akihiro , Higashi Hiroshi , Iwashige Hirohumi , Aridome Kuniaki , Hokita Shuichi , Aikou Takashi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDImpaired or reduced CD3 zeta chain (CD3‐ζ) expression in T cells has been identified in various cancers and may be associated with an ineffective immune response. The clinical significance of CD3‐ζ chain expression in tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in gastric carcinoma remains unclear.METHODSThe authors immunohistochemically investigated CD3‐ζ expression in TILs in 185 patients who had undergone curative gastrectomy. CD3‐ζ/CD3 epsilon (CD3‐ϵ) ratios were calculated. Patients were divided into two groups: a normal CD3‐ζ group (n = 121) and a reduced CD3‐ζ group (n = 64). Patients with a zeta per epsilon ratio of greater than 66% were placed in the normal CD3‐ζ group.RESULTSPatients in the normal CD3‐ζ group had fewer lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01) and a shallower depth of invasion (P < 0.05) than those in the reduced CD3‐ζ group. The 5‐year survival rate was 72% in the normal CD3‐ζ group, which was significantly better than that in the reduced CD3‐ζ group (55%; P < 0.01). When stratified according to clinical stage, the prognostic value was significantly different only in Stage IV patients. Multivariate analysis showed that CD3‐ζ expression was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.03) next to depth of invasion and lymph node involvement.CONCLUSIONSReduced CD3‐ζ expression in TILs was strongly correlated with progressive disease in gastric carcinomas. CD3‐ζ expression in TILs is considered an immunologic, independent prognostic marker in gastric carcinoma patients. CD3‐ζ normalization with cytokine treatment may lead to prolonged survival in advanced gastric carcinoma patients. Cancer 2002;94:1437–42. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10346
Efficacy and toxicity of adjuvant chemotherapy in elderly patients with colon carcinoma
Authors: Fata Farid , Mirza Ayoub , Craig Wood G. , Nair Suresh , Law Amy , Gallagher James , Ellison Neil , Bernath Albert 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough the benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy has been established clearly in patients with Stage III colon carcinoma, the degree to which elderly patients with colon carcinoma can tolerate such therapy generally has remained unknown.METHODSThe authors reviewed all patients in their Tumor Registry with Stage II and Stage III adenocarcinoma of the colon who underwent potentially curative resection for their disease at the Geisinger Medical Center between January 1990 and September 2000. One hundred twenty patients underwent complete resection of their colon carcinoma and received 5‐fluorouracil‐based (5‐FU) adjuvant chemotherapy.RESULTSThe 5‐year disease free survival rate for patients age ≥ 65 years (Group A) was 70% compared with 56% for patients age < 65 years (Group B) (P = 0.085). The 5‐year overall survival rate for patients in Group B was 77% compared with 62% for the patients in Group A (P = 0.143). In a Cox regression model, age was not a predictor of disease free survival (P = 0.633) or overall survival (P = 0.900) when it was analyzed as a continuous variable. Only 19 patients were age > 75 years, and the disease free and overall survival rates for this group were similar but were underpowered compared with the rates for the patients ages between 65–75 years. When gender and disease stage were included in the model, age remained a nonsignificant variable (P = 0.400 for disease free survival; P = 0.615 for overall survival). Nine of 56 patients in Group A (16%) experienced Grade 3–4 toxicity compared with 14 of 64 patients in Group B (22%) (P = 0.420). The lack of a correlation between toxicity and age was maintained after controlling for disease stage and patient gender (P = 0.343). There were no correlations between preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level, tumor grade, or lymph node involvement and patient age (P = 0.258, P = 0.256, and P = 0.519, respectively).CONCLUSIONSElderly patients with Stage II and Stage III colon carcinoma benefit from 5‐FU‐based adjuvant therapy without a significant increase in toxicity compared with their younger counterparts. Adjuvant chemotherapy should be presented to elderly patients with high‐risk, resected colon carcinoma. The data regarding age cannot be generalized to patients age > 75 years. Cancer 2002;94:1931–8. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10430
Correlation between MIB‐1 and other proliferation markers
Authors: Spyratos Frédérique , Ferrero‐Poüs Magali , Trassard Martine , Hacène Kamel , Phillips Edelmira , Tubiana‐Hulin Michèle , Le Doussal Viviane 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDCell proliferation is a major determinant of the biologic behavior of breast carcinoma. MIB‐1 monoclonal antibody is a promising tool for determining cell proliferation on routine histologic material. The objectives of this study were to compare MIB‐1 evaluation to other methods of measuring cell proliferation, with a view to refining the cutoff used to classify tumors with low and high proliferation rates in therapeutic trials.METHODSOne hundred eighty‐five invasive breast carcinomas were evaluated for cell proliferation by determining monoclonal antibody MIB‐1 staining, histologic parameters (Scarff–Bloom–Richardson grade and mitotic index) on paraffin sections, S‐phase fraction (SPF) by flow cytometry, and thymidine‐kinase (TK) content of frozen samples.RESULTSThere was a high correlation (P = 0.0001) between the percentage of MIB‐1 positive tumor cells and SPF, TK, histologic grade, and the mitotic index. Multivariate analyses including MIB‐1 at 5 different cutoffs (10%, 15%, 17% [median], 20%, 25%) and the other proliferative markers showed that the optimal MIB‐1 cutoff was 25% and that the mitotic index was the proliferative variable that best discriminated between low and high MIB‐1 samples. A MIB‐1 cutoff of 25% adequately identified highly proliferative tumors. Conversely, with a MIB‐1 cutoff of 10%, few tumors with low proliferation were misclassified.CONCLUSIONSThe choice of MIB‐1 cutoff depends on the following clinical objective: if MIB‐1 is used to exclude patients with slowly proliferating tumors from chemotherapeutic protocols, a cutoff of 10% will help to avoid overtreatment. In contrast, if MIB‐1 is used to identify patients sensitive to chemotherapy protocols, it is preferable to set the cutoff at 25%. The MIB‐1 index should be combined with some other routinely used proliferative markers, such as the mitotic index. Cancer 2002;94:2151–9. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10458
The value of breast lumpectomy margin assessment as a predictor of residual tumor burden in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast
Authors: Neuschatz Andrew C. , DiPetrillo Thomas , Steinhoff Margaret , Safaii Homa , Yunes Michael , Landa Marcia , Chung Maureen , Cady Blake , Wazer David E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDMargin width is considered the most important risk factor for local recurrence in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast. The purpose of this report is to assess the predictive utility of lumpectomy specimen margin assessment for the presence and extent of residual DCIS.METHODSSpecimens from 253 DCIS cases with lumpectomy and reexcision were studied to determine to the probability of residual DCIS on reexcision. The probability of residual tumor was evaluated with respect to tumor size, margin status, nuclear grade, presence of necrosis, patient age, and the extent of specimen processing (number of sections/volume tissue). Lesions were grouped by size: less than or equal to 2 mm, greater than 2–15 mm, greater than 15–40 mm, or greater than 40 mm. Margin width was recorded as the distance of DCIS to the closest specimen edge or, for positive margins, scored as: extensive (margin involvement in ≥8 sections or >4 low‐power fields [LPFs]), moderate (5–7 sections or 2–4 LPFs), minimal (2–4 sections or 1 LPF), or focal (1 section, single focus). The amount of residual tumor was graded by maximum dimension on a semiquantitative basis.RESULTSInitial excision margin significantly predicted for the presence of residual tumor on reexcision. Residual tumor was found on reexcision in 85% of extensively positive, 68% of moderately positive, 46% of minimally positive, 30% of focally positive, 41% of greater than 0–1 mm, 31% of greater than 1–2 mm, and 0% of greater than 2 mm margins (P < 0.0001). On univariate analysis, margin width and lesion size of initial excision specimens significantly predicted for the presence of residual DCIS on reexcision. Age, grade, necrosis, and extent of specimen processing were not significant prognostic factors. On multivariate analysis, both initial margin width (P < 0.0001) and lesion size (P = 0.02) significantly predicted for residual DCIS. As for amount of residual tumor, margin width and initial lesion dimension both significantly predicted for medium to large residuum, whereas age 45 years or younger was of borderline significance on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, margin width and lesion size on initial excision both remained significant predictors of larger volume residual tumor.CONCLUSIONSThe margin status of a DCIS lumpectomy specimen is the most important predictive factor for both the presence and amount of residual disease. Cancer 2002;94:1917–24. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10460
Clinical and screening implications of the I1307K adenomatous polyposis coli gene variant in Israeli Ashkenazi Jews with familial colorectal neoplasia
Authors: Rozen Paul , Naiman Tova , Strul Hana , Taussky Philipp , Karminsky Nataly , Shomrat Ruth , Samuel Ziona , Yaron Yuval , Orr‐Urtreger Avi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors previously found the I1307K adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene variant in 5% of Ashkenazi control participants, in 15.4% of those who had familial colorectal neoplasia, but also in 1.6% of non‐Ashkenazi control participants. In this study, they evaluated its use in a screening program for familial colorectal neoplasia and examined for a founder effect.METHODSConsecutive Ashkenazim with a personal and/or family history of colorectal neoplasia had the DNA test. Markers flanking the APC gene were examined in Ashkenazi and non‐Ashkenazi I1307K carriers and noncarriers.RESULTSAmong 718 persons, I1307K occurred in 6.2% of Ashkenazi participants, in 1.5% of non‐Ashkenazi control participants (P = 0.02), and in 10.7% of Ashkenazim with familial neoplasia (relative risk, 1.73 [not significant compared with controls]; 95% confidence interval, 0.7–3.2). Colorectal neoplasia was detected in carriers at a younger age (P < 0.05) without excess risk for multiple colorectal neoplasia or noncolorectal neoplasia. I1307K attributable risk for colorectal neoplasia was 0.5–0.6%. Compared with noncarriers, both Ashkenazi and non‐Ashkenazi I1307K carriers had similar flanking polymorphic alleles (P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONSI1307K is a low‐penetrance genetic variant that indicates a 1.7 relative risk for neoplasia in carriers who have familial carcinoma, clinically equivalent to obtaining a family history of sporadic colorectal neoplasia and promoting early screening. I1307K is a founder genetic variant in Jews of different ethnic origin, mainly Ashkenazim, but it explains only partially their higher incidence of colorectal carcinoma. Cancer 2002;94:2561–8. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10529