bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of hypolimnetic discharge on the faster deprivation of phosphorus from lake sediment (Lake Jabel, north‐east Germany)
Authors: Kleeberg Andreas , Hämmerling Ronny , Nixdorf Brigitte 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAfter the reduction in external phosphorus‐load (P‐load), in‐lake measures became practicable for eutrophic Lake Jabel. The benthic release of phosphorus (P) was efficiently suppressed by a significant nitrate supply via its main tributary. The in‐situ stimulation of P‐release as a result of the temporary decrease in this nitrate load, and the simultaneous P‐removal by deep‐water siphoning and external P‐elimination was primarily designed for the faster deprivation of P from lake sediment. This new strategy was aimed at exhausting the ‘P‐surplus’, that is, the mobile redox‐sensitive iron‐bound P‐portions of the uppermost sediment layers, where a re‐supply from deeper layers is needed within the stratification period of 2 consecutive years of operation of the P‐elimination system. By studying early benthic P‐diagenesis it remains to be demonstrated whether this procedure can contribute to a re‐availability of P‐binding sites to guarantee the long‐term effect of the measure.
Lake Baikal: Model for sustainable development of the territory
Authors: Garmaeva Tatiana 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCreated 20–30 million years ago, Lake Baikal is one of approximately 13 ancient lakes in the world. Lake Baikal is also the deepest lake in the world with 365 rivers flowing into it and holding a full 20% of the liquid fresh water on the surface of the Earth. The lake stretches from the south‐eastern section of Siberia to portions of northern Mongolia. Administratively, it is divided between three members of the Russian Federation: the Republic of Buryatia, Irkutsk Oblast and Chita Oblast. Lake Baikal and its catchment area are characterized by considerable biodiversity and by a vast richness of natural resources. Well over half of the 2615 plant and animal species found in the Baikal region are endemic. Lake Baikal’s unusual biota includes the Baikal seal (Phoca sibirica) which lives nowhere else on Earth and is separated by 3220 km from its nearest relative. These freshwater seals give birth to their young in snow dens on the lake’s ice. The Baikal region is a spectacular example of coexistence among different cultures and faiths over centuries. Over 1000 archaeological remains of past cultures have been found near Lake Baikal shores. Preserving the unique lake culture, values and ecological, ethnic and cultural traditions of the local people is one of the key elements in developing a model for sustainable development in the Baikal region. Lake Baikal is currently still considered clear and healthy overall, however the number and type of pollution sources are growing, and local pollution can be severe. The main sources of pollution in Lake Baikal are industrial wastes and atmospheric emissions from the Baikalsk pulp and paper mill, atmospheric emissions from nearby industrial facilities, excessive nutrient loads from farming and sediment and wastes that flow into Lake Baikal through the Selenga River. In May 1999, protection of Lake Baikal was codified in federal law for the first time. Progress is being made on a number of fronts despite the turbulent political transformations in Russia in the last 10 years. For instance, in the Irkutsk region, stakeholders have worked together to reduce the flow of unpurified drainage into the lake by 10 million m3 year–1.
Causes of animal extinction in small irrigation reservoirs in Japan and requirements for future re‐establishment
Authors: Nakasone Hideo , Kuroda Hisao , Kato Tasuku 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn the past, small irrigation reservoirs were constructed only for rice paddy irrigation in Japan. Many of the watersheds for these irrigation reservoirs were forests. These watersheds have been gradually developed into farmland or housing areas. After World War II, the use of chemical fertilizers, such as ammonium sulphate, became popular in upland fields in Japan. As a result, there are high concentrations of nitrates in groundwater and spring water under upland fields. Hence, irrigation reservoirs that collect water from these watersheds have been polluted by nitrates. High nitrates concentrations in irrigation reservoirs have been found where the watershed is located close to tea yards. However, there has been minimal research into these reservoirs in the fields of limnology and agricultural engineering. We have therefore tried to verify the water‐quality characteristics in irrigation reservoirs from the point of view of water‐quality conservation. In the process of the investigation, we encountered a quite significant reservoir called the Tanno Reservoir that has not seen any forms of life. We examined the causes of this lack of life, as well as measures that could be taken for the remediation of such a reservoir. This paper discusses and clarifies the results of these studies.
Assessing environmental change through chemical‐sediment chronologies from inland lakes
Authors: Yohn Sharon S. , Long David T. , Fett Joel D. , Patino Lina , Giesy John P. , Kannan Kurunthachalam 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper examines the hypothesis that the spatial pattern of metal accumulation rates in inland lake sediments provides insight into the causes of the historical and continued loadings of contaminants to the environment. To address this, copper and lead accumulation rates in the Great Lakes' watershed were studied. A multi‐element approach was used, in which many non‐toxic chemicals were measured along with the toxic chemicals of interest, rather than a target‐specific approach. The multi‐element approach also allowed for assessing the environmental state of the lake with respect to its surrounding watershed. Sediment cores were collected from the deepest portion of five Michigan inland lakes, sectioned, metals extracted by nitric acid, microwave digestion and leachates analysed for 26 metals using an inductively coupled, plasma, mass spectrometer with hexapole technology. Sedimentation rates, ages and focusing factors were calculated via 210Pb. Dasymetric mapping was used to estimate population distributions in lake watersheds. Watershed area was estimated from digital elevation data using Arc/INFO (ESRI, Redlands, California). The data show that as loadings from dominant (regional) sources decrease (e.g. atmospheric deposition in the case of lead), new patterns provide insight into causes for continued contaminant loadings (e.g. population density). The data also show the universal response of the watersheds to the onset of the anthropogenic loadings of lead but not that of copper. Individual watersheds had different onset times for anthropogenic copper loadings. Recent lead loadings to the environment can be related to population density, and those of copper reflect, in part, a spatial pattern that is similar to the regional pattern for lead during the mid‐1970s. As this pattern for lead could be related to a regional gradient of lead concentrations in atmospheric deposition, the same relation cannot be made for copper. The cause for this spatial pattern for copper is not clear.
Compassionate care: a moral dimension of nursing *
Authors: Von Dietze Erich , Orb Angelica 
Published: March 2003

Compassionate care: a moral dimension of nursingThis paper focuses on the concept of compassion and its meaning for nursing practice. Compassion is often considered to be an essential component of nursing care; however, it is difficult to identify what exactly comprises compassionate care. To begin with, there is a general discussion of the meaning of compassion and an examination of its common usage. An argument then is presented that compassion is more than just a natural response to suffering, rather that it is a moral choice. The paper outlines the extent to which this concept has implications for nursing care, highlighting some of the obstacles that nurses need to overcome in order to maintain this essential moral value of the caring role.
Repeating history? Public and community health nursing in Australia
Authors: Helen Keleher 
Published: March 2003

Repeating history? Public and community health nursing in AustraliaDespite the long history in Australia of public and community health nursing, it has never been regarded as important as hospital‐based nursing. Notwithstanding the establishment of nursing organisations in the very early years of the 20th century and subsequent efforts to develop the nursing workforce, public and community health nursing has been neglected in terms of policy, research into public health nursing practice and workforce development. Even in the present day, public and community health nurses are marginalised from mainstream nursing interests and there is a lack of conceptualisation about the value of nursing’s contribution to the primary health sector. This sector is experiencing a new wave of reforms driven by a combination of managerialism and systems change for improved responses to address health inequalities. Because there is not a strong institutionalised professional policy and support base for public and community health nurses, they are vulnerable in these reforms to increased domination and appropriation of their practice by stronger professional interests. There is an urgent need for professionally organised support from mainstream nursing to ensure that public and community health nurses are positioned as a unified force in efforts to advance the health of the community.
Embodied largeness: a significant women’s health issue
Authors: Carryer Jenny 
Published: March 2003

Embodied largeness: a significant women’s health issueThis paper describes a three‐year long research project in which nine large‐bodied women have engaged in a prolonged dialogue with the researcher about the experience of being ‘obese’. The study involved an extensive review of the multidisciplinary literature that informs our understandings of body size. The literature review was shared with participants in order to support their critical understanding of their experience.An examination of a wide range of literature pertinent to the area of study reveals widespread acceptance of the notion that to be thin is to be healthy and virtuous, and to be fat is to be unhealthy and morally deficient. The experience of participants raised questions as to how nursing could best provide health‐care for large women. According to the literature review, nurses have perpetuated an unhelpful and reductionist approach to their care of large women, in direct contradiction to nursing’s supposed allegiance to a holistic approach to health‐care. This paper suggests strategies for an improved response to women who are concerned about their large body size.
Nursing migration: global treasure hunt or disaster‐in‐the‐making?
Authors: Kingma Mireille 
Published: March 2003

Nursing migration: global treasure hunt or disaster‐in‐the‐making?International nurse migration — moving from one country to another in the search of employment — is the focus of this article. The majority of member states of the World Health Organization report a shortage, maldistribution and misutilisation of nurses. International recruitment has been seen as a solution. The negative effects of international migration on the ‘supplier’ countries may be recognised today but are not effectively addressed.Nurse migration is motivated by the search for professional development, better quality of life and personal safety. Pay and learning opportunities continue to be the most frequently reported incentives for nurse migration, especially by nurses from less‐developed countries. Career opportunities were considered key incentives for nurses emigrating from high‐income countries. Language was reported to be a significant barrier. The positive global economic/social/professional development resulting from international migration needs to be weighed against a substantial ‘brain and skills drain’ experienced by supplier countries. The vulnerable status of migrant nurses is also of concern in certain cases. The focus on short‐term solutions as opposed to resolving the problem of a worldwide shortage of nurses causes great concern. Recent initiatives attempt to curb or channel international recruitment. The delicate balance between recognising the right of individual nurses to migrate and a collective concern for the health of a nation’s population must be achieved.
Agonizing care: care ethics, agonistic feminism and a political theory of care
Authors: Cloyes Kristin G. 
Published: March 2003

Agonizing care: care ethics, agonistic feminism and a political theory of care‘Care’ is central to nursing theory and practice, and has been described in a variety of ways. Intense conversations about care have been developing in other fields of study as well, from the social sciences to the humanities. Care ethics has grown out of intellectual exchange between feminist thought, moral theory and the critique of traditional western political philosophy. However, care ethics is not without its critics, as these accounts of care have also sparked vigorous challenges. This paper traces the construct of care through nursing theory, care ethics, feminist critiques of moral and political theory and agonistic feminism to outline a set of problematics that a political theory of care should engage. It discusses how care is conventionally posited in more or less essentialist, universalizing and naturalizing terms. It introduces the ideas of feminist theorists who resist dichotomizing care and the political, and situate care in the context of power and politics. The tensions between care feminism and agonistic feminism are highlighted in order to explore the potential of theorizing both care and nursing in political terms.
Recognising relationships: reflections on evidence‐based practice
Authors: Kitson Alison 
Published: March 2003

Recognising relationships: reflections on evidence‐based practice This paper argues for a broadening of the way evidence is developed and used in health‐care. It contends that the current political and policy imperatives and the evidence‐based practice movement are in direct tension with the other major ideological movements that promote patient‐centred healthcare services. Nursing is affected by this tension because it is more naturally focused on relationships with clients to achieve health outcomes. The unresolved and mounting tension could be alleviated by embracing a broader definition of what counts as evidence and by focusing more on patient‐centred healthcare methodologies and acknowledging the interdependency of distinct ways of generating new knowledge. A number of case studies are used to illustrate how research focusing on patient perspectives and nurses’ response to patient experiences can improve the evidence base for nursing.
Breastfeeding policies and the production of motherhood: a historical–cultural approach
Authors: Meyer Dagmar Estermann , De Oliveira Dora Lúcia 
Published: March 2003

Breastfeeding policies and the production of motherhood: a historical–cultural approach This paper revisits some of the aspects that allow us to situate historically the process that has been called the ‘politicization of women's breasts’. It is part of a broader research project being undertaken in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, which is studying information from the educational material used in the National Campaign for the Incentive of Breastfeeding. The methodological approach used is cultural analysis, and its theoretical basis is informed by feminist studies and cultural studies, from a poststructuralist perspective. Knowledges and practices that produce notions of maternity are problematized to argue that current political and economic arrangements have necessitated a redefinition of motherhood. This re‐signification of motherhood has transferred to women the duty of solving an array of problems that were previously considered government's responsibility, in particular those related to the physical and emotional development of infants.
A search for a mutation in the tumour necrosis factor‐alpha gene in narcolepsy
Authors: Kato Tadafumi , Honda Makoto , Kuwata Shouji , Juji Takeo , Fukuda Masato , Honda Yutaka , Kato Nobumasa 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe discovery of almost 100% association of narcolepsy with human leukocyte antigens (HLA) DR2 antigen prompted molecular biological research of this disorder. In the HLA class II gene cluster, the gene for tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), which plays a role in the regulation of normal human sleep, is located. The present study searched for a mutation in the TNF‐α gene by single‐strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) in patients with narcolepsy. No mutation was detected in exons and introns of the TNF‐α gene by SSCP and sequencing.
Adult‐type metachromatic leukodystrophy with a compound heterozygote mutation showing character change and dementia
Authors: Fukutani Yuken , Noriki Yoko , Sasaki Kazuo , Isaki Kiminori , Kuriyama Masaru , Kurosawa Kenji , Ida Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA 26‐year‐old Japanese woman slowly developed a change of character such as hypospontaneity and blunted affect, followed by obvious mental deterioration. She was diagnosed as having a disorganized type of schizophrenia at the first examination. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated diffuse high intensity in the cerebral white matter, particularly in the frontal lobes. The single photon emission computed tomography images using 123I‐IMP disclosed diffuse cerebral hypofusion, especially in the frontal lobes. Electroencephalogram showed a moderate amount of 5–6 Hz θ waves on the background of α activity. Nerve conduction velocities in the extremities were delayed. The level of leucocyte arylsulphatase was low. In the arylsulphatase A gene analysis, a compound heterozygote having the 99Gly→Asp and 409Thr→Ile mutations was confirmed. The patient was diagnosed as having metachromatic leukodystrophy. She gradually showed obvious dementing symptoms such as memory disturbance and disorientation. The characteristics of the psychiatric symptoms in the leukodystrophy are discussed.
Dipole source localization of interictal epileptiform activity in temporal lobe epilepsy with medial temporal lesion
Authors: Mine Seiichiro , Iwasa Hiroto , Nakajima Yoshio , Yamaura Akira 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDipole sources of interictal epileptiform activities recorded by conventional electroencephalogram (EEG) were estimated using the dipole tracing method. Four cases of temporal lobe epilepsy with medial temporal lesions were studied. Two patients with hippocampal sclerosis, one patient with granulation in the hippocampus and one patient with cavernous angioma were involved in the study. Interictal epileptiform activities were classified into two patterns according to the topography of spikes. They were widespread spikes over the parasagittal electrodes (parasagittal spikes) and restricted spikes at the temporal electrodes (temporal spikes). Dipole sources of parasagittal spikes were localized in the medio‐basal temporal lobe with vertically orientated vector moment. Dipole sources of temporal spikes were localized in the medio‐basal temporal lobe with horizontally orientated vector moment. Locations of dipoles and directions of vector moments were consistent with topography and polarity of spikes. The difference in the two patterns of interictal epileptiform activities was derived from the difference in the direction of the vector moment of dipole sources. There was no difference in the location of dipole sources. Both the dipole sources and the lesions were localized in the same medio‐basal temporal lobe. Dipole tracing was very useful in localizing the dipole sources of interictal epileptiform activities and in understanding the neurophysiological background.
Chronological progression of a language deficit appearing to be postictally reversible in a patient with symptomatic localization‐related epilepsy
Authors: Kudo Tatsuya , Yagi Kazuichi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA language deficit occurring interictally, with chronological progression, and postictally in a patient with symptomatic localization‐related epilepsy, which began at 1.6 years of age, is reported. The patient was a 30‐year‐old right‐handed man whose seizures seemed to originate from the left frontal lobe and to involve the left temporal lobe. The deficit in oral language consisted mainly of features of motor aphasia, including delayed initiation of speech with great effort, echolalic and palilalic tendencies, and word‐finding difficulty, but he also showed features of sensory aphasia. Written language had agraphia observed in sensory aphasia, including well‐formed letters, paraphasias, neologisms, and paragrammatism. Postictally, the language deficit appeared to be superficially reversible, and evolved from mutism through non‐fluent jargon to the interictal level of language. Analysis of the patient’s diaries from 10 to 26 years of age disclosed chronologically progressive deterioration of language with paragrammatism, showing an increase of grammatical errors, neologismus, literal and verbal paraphasias and misconstruction of sentences. The results suggest that localization‐related epilepsy of presumably left frontal lobe origin causes not only a postictal language deficit but also a slowly progressive deficit of language function.
Changes in fractal structure of heart rate variability during a nap in one case
Authors: Shono Hideaki , Shono Mayumi , Takasaki Mitsuhiro , Iwasaka Tsuyoshi , Sugimori Hajime 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to analyze fractal structures of adult heart rate (HR) variability during a nap. Fractal analysis was carried out in one case over consecutive 10‐min time series of HR, which were simultaneously recorded with electroencephalogram. Scaling relationships showed cross‐over patterns characterized by αs and αl (i.e. slopes above and below a cross‐over point). The αs and αl were black and white noise at Stage 4 of NREM sleep, and black and 1/f noise in REM sleep. Cross‐over points changed from the first to second sleep cycle. We demonstrate the multifractal structures of HR variability during a nap in the present case.
Light conditions during sleep period and sleep‐related lifestyle in Japanese students
Authors: Takeuchi Hitomi , Hino Natsumi , Iwanaga Akira , Matsuoka Aya , Harada Tetsuo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe effects of light conditions during night sleep on sleep habits and morning–evening preference were studied in Japanese students (18–28 years old). Students who usually used fluorescent or non‐fluorescent light on the room ceiling, wall or desk preferred to have a daytime nap significantly later (Mean: 14:50 h) than those who used no light (13:34 h). Students who used no curtain or a half‐transparent lace‐curtain showed shorter sleep latency (duration from going‐to‐bed to sleep‐onset) than those who used a curtain which shuts off lights from outside. Light conditions during the middle of night and early in the morning may affect the timing of sleep in Japanese students based on the circadian system.