bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The therapeutic effect and safety profile of extracorporeal shockwave therapy in treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: mikha Mikha , Ardianson Deswanto Isaac 
Published: October 2023

Background: Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (ESWT) has been indicated to relieve local perineal symptoms caused by Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS). Current research has examined the efficacy of ESWT in CPPS patients. Different types of energy generators for ESWT lead to development of different clinical protocols for treatment of CP/CPPS. Therefore in this review, we aimed to compare the clinical protocol, efficacy and safety profile of all these different ESWT machines in CP/CPPS treatment. Methods: A systematic literature search of 3 search engines (PubMed, Scielo, and Science Directs) was undertaken using the following keywords: Chronic Prostatitis, Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome, and Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. This review included original studies that evaluated the efficacy and clinical protocol of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy and Chronic prostatitis or Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome that are fully written in English with full-text articles readily available. This article excluded letters to the editor, reviews, and editorials about prostatitis other than CPPS. Results: The search strategy yielded 8 journals that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria from all 3 search engines. These 8 studies included 3 different types of energy generators (Piezoelectric, Electropneumatic, and Electromagnetic) with different protocols applied. All 3 types of energy generators of ESWT can effectively decrease all domains of CPSI score within 12 months of follow-up (P-value 0,05). The limitations of this systematic review include the restricted variety of energy generators with the lack of openly registered protocols. Conclusions: In Conclusion, ESWT provides significant improvement in clinical symptoms as compared to oral medications alone. These therapeutic effects are also observed in all different types of energy generators with different clinical protocols with similar safety profiles.
Spatial variability of urban forest topsoil properties: towards representative and robust sampling design
Authors: Galle Nadina , Brinton William , Vos Robin , Duarte Fábio , Collier Marcus , Ratti Carlo , Pilla Francesco 
Published: October 2023

Background:Soil spatial variability is a major concern when deciding how to collect a representative topsoil sample for laboratory analysis. Sampling design to capture site-specific variability is documented in the agricultural literature, but poorly understood for urban forest soils where soils may be characterized by strong horizontal and vertical variability and large temporal anthropogenic disturbances.Methods:This paper evaluates the spatial variability of selected topsoil properties under urban trees to define a statistically robust sampling design that optimizes the number of samples to reliably characterize basal soil respiration (BSR), a property associated with soil health. To provide a reference on variability, two additional soil properties were measured, unrelated to BSR: electrical conductivity (EC) and bulk density (BD). Thirteen sampling sites comprising both park and street trees (Acer rubrum) were selected in Cambridge, MA, USA.Results:Results indicate street tree topsoil had approximately twice as much variation, requiring more intensive sampling, as did park tree topsoil, even though street trees had smaller soil sampling zones, constricted by tree pits. The variability of BSR was nearly identical to that of EC, and BD results varied least. A large number of samples would be required for acceptable levels of statistical reliability (90% CI - 10% ER) of 44.4, 41.7, and 6.4 for BSR, EC, and BD, respectively, whereas by accepting a lower level of certainty (80% CI - 20% ER) the number of required soil samples was calculated as 6.8, 6.4, and 0.4 for BSR, EC, and BD, respectively.Conclusions:The use of EC testing as a baseline measure to determine spatial variation in the topsoil is proposed, to alleviate the financial implications of more expensive BSR testing. Factors of topsoil disturbance and soil access restrictions at sites with severe root-sidewalk conflicts and the overall generalizability of the results are also discussed.
Relationships between the parameters of uric acid exchange and electroencephalograms in humans
Authors: Bombushkar Igor , Popovych Igor , Zukow Walery 
Published: October 2023

Background. During the implementation of the project "Physiological activity of uric acid", our group discovered four variants of the combination of levels of uricemia and uricosuria both in healthy rats and in people with chronic pyelonephritis and cholecystitis in the remission phase, which are accompanied by characteristic constellations of parameters of the autonomic nervous, endocrine, and immune systems, as well as the exchange of nitrogenous metabolites and electrolytes, the levels of which correlate with uricemia and/or uricosuria. The aim of this study is to clarify the relationship between parameters of uric acid metabolism and electroencephalogram (EEG) in humans. Materials and methods. Under an observations were 34 males and 10 females by age 24-76 years with chronic pyelonephritis and cholecystitis in the phase of remission. The object of the study was serum and urine levels of uric acid (uricase method) as well as EEG. Results. It was identified 12 parameters as characteristic of uric acid metabolism clusters. Another 42 EEG parameters were found to be out of the discriminant model, despite the clear recognition ability. A strong canonical correlation between EEG parameters and uricemia (R=0,729) and a moderate correlation with uricosuria (R=0,553) were revealed. Even stronger connections were found between changes in parameters of uric acid metabolism and EEG under the influence of balneotherapy: R=0,901 and 0,681 respectively. Conclusion. Uric acid has both activating and inhibitory effects on EEG parameters. The neurotropic effect of uric acid as a structural analogue of methylxanthines and adenosine is realized, apparently, through various adenosine receptors.
New Insights into the Nature of the 5q- Deletion Syndrome Based on Quantitative Measurement of BAALC- Expressing Stem Cell Burdens
Authors: Mamaev Nikolay N. , Shakirova Alena I. , Gindina Tatiana L. , Latypova Maria V. , Barkhatov Ildar M. , Sadykov Airat M. , Riumin Sergey S. , Kuznetsov Yurii N. , Kulagin Alexander D. 
Published: October 2023

A discovery of nonrandom recurrent interstitial aberration at the long arm of chromosome 5 was made by Van den Berghe et al. in 1974. For a long time, this entity was classified as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Meanwhile, its definition as well as classification criteria were repeatedly changed due to both clinical studies and advances in new techniques. In particular an insufficiency of ribosome-forming protein (RPS14) gene was found soon after similar gene RPS19 discovery in patients with severe inherited Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA). It cannot be excluded that basic pathogenetic mechanisms, including participation of activated gene TP53, seem to be similar in both entities.
This article for the first time presents the quantitative data on the BAALC expression in the majority (25/31) of patients tested with 5q- deletions to be under the cut-off values. It concerns a group of 14/16 patients with isolated 5q- anomaly, and 11 other cases in whom 5q- deletion was combined with additional non-identical chromosomal aberrations. On the contrary, this molecular parameter exceeded the cut-off levels in all (n=10) MDS patients without 5q- abnormality. Hence, these data might effectively support an assumption of a ribosomopathy in cases of isolated 5q- deletion. Since about 8-10 % of these patients are transformed into MDS and/or secondary AML, a possible exclusion of isolated 5q- deletion syndrome from MDS category should be discussed carefully and this assumption is needed an additional support in larger studies.
Compact dual-parameter sensor design based on a photonic crystal nanobeam cavity with chirped slotted annular holes
Authors: Hu Xiang , Hu Yanchao , Zhang Wenhao , Hu Jing , Li Feng , Su Wei , Wu Hong 
Published: October 2023

A compact photonic crystal nanobeam cavity with a 20µm×0.8µm footprint supporting simultaneous air and dielectric resonant modes is proposed for dual-parameter sensing of refractive index and temperature. The structure consists of a row of chirped annular holes and an air-slot etched in an asymmetrical silicon slab. By tapering the lattice period and hole radius, the bands for air and dielectric modes shift in opposite directions, enabling confinement in a single cavity. Numerical simulations determine refractive index sensitivities of 173.59 nm/RIU for the air mode and 286.82 nm/RIU for the dielectric mode. Temperature sensitivities are 69.6 pm/°C and 78.7 pm/°C for the two modes, respectively. The structure demonstrates strong resistance to external interference with refractive index and temperature disturbance resistance coefficients of 2.3×10−5 and 0.07. The high sensitivities in an ultracompact footprint with resistance to crosstalk make this dual-mode nanocavity promising for on-chip biochemical sensing applications.
Mesoscopic oblique plane microscopy via light-sheet mirroring
Authors: Daetwyler Stephan , Chang Bo-Jui , Chen Bingying , Voigt Fabian F. , Rajendran Divya , Zhou Felix , Fiolka Reto 
Published: October 2023

Understanding the intricate interplay and inter-connectivity of biological processes across an entire organism is important in various fields of biology, including cardiovascular research, neuroscience, and developmental biology. Here, we present a mesoscopic oblique plane microscope (OPM) that enables whole organism imaging with high speed while revealing fine details such as endothelial nuclei. A microprism underneath the sample enhances the axial resolution and optical sectioning through total internal reflection of the light sheet. Through rapid refocusing of the light sheet, the imaging depth is extended up to threefold while keeping the axial resolution constant. Using low magnification objectives with a large field of view, we realize mesoscopic imaging over a volume of 3.7mm×1.5mm×1mm with ∼2.3µm lateral and ∼9.2µm axial resolution. Applying the mesoscopic OPM, we demonstrate in vivo and in toto whole organism imaging of the zebrafish vasculature and its endothelial nuclei, and blood flow dynamics at 12 Hz acquisition rate, resulting in a quantitative map of blood flow across the entire organism.
103  GHz germanium-on-silicon photodiode enabled by an optimized U-shaped electrode
Authors: Shi Yang , Li Xiang , Zou Mingjie , Yu Yu , Zhang Xinliang 
Published: October 2023

High-performance germanium photodiodes are crucial components in silicon photonic integrated circuits for large-capacity data communication. However, the bandwidths of most germanium photodiodes are limited by the intractable resistance–capacitance parasitic effect. Here, we introduce a unique U-shaped electrode to alleviate this issue, reducing the parasitic effect by 36% without compromising any other performance. Experimentally, a large bandwidth of 103 GHz, an optical responsivity of 0.95 A/W at 1550 nm, and a dark current as low as 1.3 nA are achieved, leading to a record high specific detectivity. This is the first breakthrough to 100 GHz bandwidth among all vertical germanium photodiodes, to the best of our knowledge. Open eye diagrams of 120 Gb/s on-off keying and 200 Gb/s four-level pulse amplitude signals are well received. This work provides a promising solution for chip-based ultra-fast photodetection.
Time interval measurement with linear optical sampling at the femtosecond level
Authors: Yu Dongrui , Chen Ziyang , Yang Xuan , Xu Yunlong , Jin Ziyi , Ma Panxue , Zhang Yufei , Yu Song , Luo Bin , Guo Hong 
Published: October 2023

High-precision time interval measurement is a fundamental technique in many advanced applications, including time and distance metrology, particle physics, and ultra-precision machining. However, many of these applications are confined by the imprecise time interval measurement of electrical signals, restricting the performance of the ultimate system to a few picoseconds, which limits ultrahigh precision applications. Here, we demonstrate an optical means for the time interval measurement of electrical signals that can successfully achieve femtosecond (fs) level precision. The setup is established using the optical frequency comb (OFC) based linear optical sampling (LOS) technique to realize timescale-stretched measurement. We achieve a measurement precision of 82 fs for a single LOS scan measurement and 3.05 fs for the 100-times average with post-processing, which is three orders of magnitude higher than the results of older electrical methods. The high-precision time interval measurement of electrical signals can substantially improve precision measurement technologies.
Clinical picture of ankylosing spondylitis in HLA-B27 positive and negative patients
Authors: Erdes Sh. F. , Sakharova K. V. 
Published: October 2023

The link between the HLA-B27 gene and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has been known for almost 50 years. During this time, it has been discovered that some of the clinical manifestations of the disease are uniformly associated with the disease in almost all populations, while the other part depends on the ethnicity of the patients. Unique associations characteristic only of certain ethnic groups are also periodically described. Objective: to analyze the clinical features of the inpatient population with AS in relation to their HLA-B27 status. Material and methods. Cross sectional study of 200 consecutive AS patients admitted to the rheumatology department of the V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology. All patients underwent standard clinical examination recommended for assessment of AS activity and functional status. The levels of transaminases, uric acid, urea, creatinine, interleukin (IL) 6 and IL17 in blood serum were also examined. Results and discussion. HLA-B27 was detected in 166 (83 %) of 200 patients with AS (in 89.8 % of men and in 73.2 % of women; p = 0.003). Among HLA-B27 positive patients with AS, 63.9 % were men, and among HLA-B27 negative patients, 35.3 % were men (p = 0.002). The mean age of AS onset was 5 years higher in HLA-B27-negative patients, and the disease was about 2 times less likely to occur in childhood in them. Syndesmophytes were detected in 25 % of HLA-B27 positive patients and in 15 % of patients who did not have this antigen (p > 0.05). Syndesmophytes were found in 31.1 % of HLA-B27 positive and 25 % of HLA-B27 negative men. 15 % of women with HLA-B27 and 9 % of women without this antigen had syndesmophytes (p = 0.022). Inflammatory bowel disease was more common in HLA-B27-negative patients, whereas uveitis and psoriasis were less common. Activity rates and incidence of arthritis and enthesitis were similar in HLA-B27 positive and negative patients. Serum concentration of IL17 was six times higher in HLA-B27 negative patients than in HLA-B27 positive patients (p = 0.012). Conclusion. In the Russia’s AS patient population there are associations with HLA-B27, characteristic for most ethnic groups (e. g., earlier onset of the disease) and associations not found in all ethnic groups (e. g., a more severe course, a higher incidence of arthritis and enthesitis). In addition, the concentration of IL17 in the blood serum of HLA-B27 negative patients was six times higher than that of HLA-B27 positive patients. This may indicate non-canonical mechanisms of pathogenesis of AS that develop in the absence of the HLA-B27 gene, which requires further research.
A Critical Care Echocardiography—Driven Approach to Undifferentiated Shock
Authors: Salinas Pedro , Sohn Jacqueline , Díaz-Gómez José L. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The clinical approach to undifferentiated shock in critically ill patients should be revised to use modern, point-of-care tools that are readily available. With the increasing availability of 2-dimensional ultrasonography and advanced Doppler capabilities, a quick, simplified, and integrated stepwise approach to shock using critical care echocardiography is proposed. Evidence supports the feasibility and usefulness of critical care echo-cardiography in enhancing diagnostic accuracy for shock, but there is a lack of systematic application of the technology in patients with undifferentiated shock. The proposed approach begins with the use of noninvasive ultrasonography with pulsed-wave Doppler capability to determine the flow state by measuring the velocity time integral of the left ventricular outflow tract. This narrative review explores the use left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral, velocity time integral variation, limited visceral organ Doppler, and lung ultrasonography as a systematic approach for patients with undifferentiated shock.
German Chinese Economic Relations: Necessary Reassessment
Authors: Hüther Michael 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Since the globalization of China has not been accompanied by an opening of its political system and society, political conditions for the economic development must be viewed in a global context. In addition to the economic slowdown, China faces a demographic challenge that has been ignored for a long time, and social upheavals have also been overlooked in the West in the euphoria over the market potential in the People’s Republic. The economic dependencies between the German and Chinese economies are two-sided. German companies should assess the risks of their China engagement, while corporates strategies are no substitute for a courageous foreign trade policy.
Worship (dīn), Monotheism (islām), and the Qurʾān’s Cultic Decalogue
Authors: Goudarzi Mohsen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe first part of this study presents evidence from the Qurʾān and early Arabic writings to argue thatdīnin the Qurʾān often means “worship” instead of “religion” and thatislāmmeans exclusive worship of the One God rather than “submission” to Him. Specifically, I show that the noundīnand the verbdānafrequently convey the ideas of “service” and “servitude” in early Arabic texts, a usage that underlies the qurʾānic meaning ofdīnas “service” or “worship” offered to God. Moreover, in line with strong indications from the Qur’an, several early works of exegesis and lexicography understandislāmas exclusive devotion to and monotheistic worship of God instead of submission to His will. In the second part, the study reinterprets the three verses that use the termsdīnandislām(Q 3:19, 3:85, and 5:3). It focuses on Q 5:3, which prohibits ten animal food items, announces the completion of the Believers’dīn, and identifies thisdīnasislām. As I argue, the new food restrictions of this verse are not simply dietary but also cultic, as their goal is to distinguish the Believers’ way of worship from that of themushrikūn(“pagans”). In particular, the “cultic decalogue” of Q 5:3 bans the meat of animals that die violently (during hunting or otherwise), in order to ensure that the Believers eat meat only from animals that are slaughtered properly. Such slaughter involves the explicit and exclusive invocation of Allāh’s name, an act that showcases and safeguards the Believers’ adherence to monotheistic worship, namely,islām.
A comprehensive survey of free-space optical communication – modulation schemes, advantages, challenges and mitigations
Authors: Bibi Sannia , Baig Muhammad Iram , Qamar Farhan , Shahzadi Romana 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The demand for large bandwidth and high data rates in communication systems has become the main cause of the upgrade of traditional networks into free space optical (FSO) technology. FSO technology has gained significant popularity due to its easy deployment, high data rates, abundant bandwidth, enhanced security, and license-free spectrum utilization. However, the performance of FSO communication systems can be affected by certain limiting factors, such as changes in weather conditions during data transmission. To overcome these challenges and improve FSO performance, various modulation techniques are employed. This article presents a concise overview of the FSO communication system, highlighting different modulation techniques used to enhance its performance, as well as discussing its advantages, applications, and existing challenges. Some advanced modulation formats which are recently introduced in the field of FSO communication such as QPSK, DP-QPSK, QAM, and OFDM are also made part of this paper.
“To boldly go where no man has gone before”: how iconic is the Star Trek split infinitive?
Authors: Ronan Patricia , Schneider Gerold 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
“To boldly go where no man has gone before”, popularized by the science fiction series Star Trek, has provided an iconic example for the use of split infinitives. From its introduction, the series may have paved the way for the broader use of split infinitives in contemporary, informal English in spite of prescriptive grammars shunning the structure. The current qualitative and quantitative study is based on the general diachronic Corpus of Historical American English (COHA) and a specific telecinematic corpus (TV Corpus). It aims to trace genre influence in the use of split infinitives in sci-fi and television discourses. It asks whether the use of split infinitives in informal genres can be correlated with its prominent use in the Star Trek series. The current study finds that both raw and relative frequencies increase in the wake of Star Trek, as well as the probability of choice. Yet the clearest influence from Star Trek stems from the spread of the iconic to boldly go phrase.
Nambu Jona-Lasinio model of relativistic superconductivity
Authors: Bruce Stanley A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We propose a Nambu Jona-Lasinio (NJL) effective model of relativistic superconductivity. In this framework, we discuss possible electromagnetic (EM) behaviors of (specifically) type-II superconductivity in line with the nonrelativistic Ginzburg–Landau (GL) theory. We comment on possible solitonic solutions of this model. Our investigation could be of relevance to describe type-II proton superconductivity in neutron-star crusts.
Eco-conscious nanofluids: exploring heat transfer performance with graphitic carbon nitride nanoparticles
Authors: Gokul Vijayakumar , Swapna Mohanachandran Nair Sindhu , Sankararaman Sankaranarayana Iyer 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The work explores the heat transfer capabilities of semiconducting graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanofluids. Also, it presents a sustainable and eco-friendly method for synthesizing g-C3N4 nanoparticles using commercially available rice flour as a natural carbon precursor through hydrothermal treatment. The synthesized sample subjected to various characterizations, including analysis of their structure, morphology, thermal properties, and optical properties. The optical bandgap (2.66 eV) is deduced through Tauc plot analysis and reveals the semiconducting nature of the sample. The formation of g-C3N4 is confirmed by various spectroscopic techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrates the nanoparticles’ excellent thermal stability up to 550 °C, indicating potential applications in heat transfer fluids. The investigation of concentration-dependent thermal diffusivity variation using the sensitive mode mismatched dual beam thermal lens technique highlights the potential of g-C3N4 semiconductor nanofluid as an organic and metal-free additive in industry-demanding coolant applications.