bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating NADP+‐Specific Formate Dehydrogenases from Komagataella phaffii by Enzymatic Engineering
Authors: Hu Liyuan , Liu Luyao , Zhan Chunjun , Liu Xiuxia , Liu Chunli , Li Ye , Bai Zhonghu , Yang Yankun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMost natural formate dehydrogenases (FDHs) exhibit NAD+ specificity, making it imperative to explore the engineering of FDH cofactor specificity for NADPH regeneration systems. The endogenous FDH of Komagataella phaffii (K. phaffii), termed KphFDH, is a typical NAD+‐specific FDH. However, investigations into engineering the cofactor specificity of KphFDH have yet to be conducted. To develop an NADP+‐specific variant of KphFDH, we selected D195, Y196, and Q197 as mutation sites and generated twenty site‐directed variants. Through kinetic characterization, KphFDH/V19 (D195Q/Y196R/Q197H) was identified as the variant with the highest specificity towards NADP+, with a ratio of catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM)NADP+/(kcat/KM)NAD+ of 129.226. Studies of enzymatic properties revealed that the optimal temperature and pH for the reduction reaction of NADP+ catalyzed by KphFDH/V19 were 45 °C and 7.5, respectively. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed to elucidate the mechanism of high catalytic activity of KphFDH/V19 towards NADP+. Finally, KphFDH/V19 was applied to an in vitro NADPH regeneration system with Meso‐diaminopimelate dehydrogenase from Symbiobacterium thermophilum (StDAPDH/H227V). This study successfully created a KphFDH variant with high NADP+ specificity and demonstrated its practical applicability in an in vitro NADPH regeneration system.
Effects of Heteroatom Doping and Physicochemical Character on the Electrochemical Properties of Graphene Sheets
Authors: Doğan Muhammed Zahid , Gökcen Dinçer , Bayram Cem 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGraphene attracted great interest in the electrochemical applications due to its stability and extremely high surface area‐to‐mass ratio. Wet chemical and electrochemical synthesis allow affordable and single to multilayer graphenes with functional groups that contribute to surface accessibility, and electrolyte diffusion. These materials also have faradaic and pseudocapacitive reaction sites which enhance the electrochemical performance while altering their capacitive nature based on reaction type and density of these sites. Therefore, heteroatom doping of graphene has been studied widely, and various outcomes, some of which have been controversial, were reported. In this study, we investigated the doping modification with multiple samples and also conduct a detailed physicochemical characterization. Oxidation‐reduction and electrochemical exfoliation methods were utilized to synthesize pristine, nitrogen‐doped, and phosphorus‐doped reduced graphene oxide as well as the phosphorus‐doped and pristine electrochemically exfoliated graphene materials. Samples have been characterized in terms of doping level, particle size, number of layers, defect density, and exfoliation homogeneity. Electrochemical measurements showed that surface wrinkling property among similarly large rGO particles (~9x) and small lateral particle size (~2x) of graphenes are effective in determination of specific capacitance (Cspecific) and capacitive characteristic of samples while heteroatom doping doesn't produce any significant change on these properties.
The forbidden region for random zeros: Appearance of quadrature domains
Authors: Nishry Alon , Wennman Aron 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOur main discovery is a surprising interplay between quadrature domains on the one hand, and the zeros of the Gaussian Entire Function (GEF) on the other. Specifically, consider the GEF conditioned on the rarehole eventthat there are no zeros in a given large Jordan domain. We show that in the natural scaling limit, a quadrature domain enclosing the hole emerges as aforbidden region, where the zero density vanishes. Moreover, we give a description of the class of holes for which the forbidden region is a disk. The connecting link between random zeros and potential theory is supplied by a constrained extremal problem for the Zeitouni‐Zelditch functional. To solve this problem, we recast it in terms of a seemingly novel obstacle problem, where the solution is forced to be harmonic inside the hole.
Regulation of Calcite Morphology by Low‐Molecular‐Weight Organic Acids: Alcohol Hydroxyl and Carboxyl Matters
Authors: Lu Qiaoli , Li Meng , Zhang Lin , Gan Chunfang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractReplicating the key structural feature of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) by biomolecules provides unique inspiration for synthesis of CaCO3 suitable for industry application. The biomolecule‐based morphological strategies generally contain the strong interaction between crystal and functional groups, such as carboxyl group and alcohol hydroxyl group. Here, a comparative study of low‐molecular‐weight organic acids (OAs) with structural similarity on calcite crystallization is presented. The morphological evolution of calcite from rhombohedron to ellipsoid is observed, needle‐like or dumbbell‐like in the presence of monohydroxy OAs of lactic acid, malic acid, or citric acid, suggesting carboxyl group shows more remarkable effect on the morphologies of calcite than that of Li+. The strong adsorption behavior of carboxyl group on calcite can decrease the crystallinity with increased number of carboxyl groups. In contrast, the dicarboxylic OA of tartaric acid showed stronger effects on the phase transition process from vaterite to calcite than that of succinic acid and monohydroxy OAs. These findings will aid in synthesizing CaCO3 with specific morphology and polymorph by biochemical methods and are of great significance to the industrial application of CaCO3.
Unravelling the role of immune cells and FN1 in the recurrence and therapeutic process of skull base chordoma
Authors: Huo Xulei , Ma Sihan , Wang Can , Song Lairong , Yao Bohan , Zhu Sipeng , Li Peiran , Wang Liang , Wu Zhen , Wang Ke 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundSkull base chordoma is a rare and aggressive tumour of the bone that has a high likelihood of recurrence. The fundamental differences in single cells between primary and recurrent lesions remain poorly understood, impeding development of effective treatment approaches.MethodsTo obtain an understanding of the differences in single cells between primary and recurrent chordomas, we performed single‐cell RNA sequencing and T‐cell/B‐cell receptor (BCR) sequencing. This allowed us to delineate the differences between the two types of tumour cells, tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes, myeloid cells, fibroblasts and B cells. Copy number variants (CNVs) were detected and compared between the tumour types to assess heterogeneity. Selected samples were subjected to immunohistochemistry to validate protein expression. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation experiments, Transwell assays and xenograft mouse models helped verify the role of fibronectin 1 (FN1) in chordoma.ResultsPromoting natural killer (NK) cell and CD8_GZMK T‐cell function or inhibiting the transformation of CD8_GZMK T cells to CD8_ZNF683 T cells and promoting the transformation of natural killer T (NKT) cells to NK cells are promising strategies for preventing chordoma recurrence. Additionally, inhibiting the M2‐like activity of tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs) could be an effective approach. Antigen‐presenting cancer‐associated fibroblasts (apCAFs) and dendritic cells (DCs) with high enrichment of the antigen‐presenting signature were enriched in primary chordomas. There were fewer plasma cells and BCR clonotypes in recurrent chordomas. Remarkably, FN1 was upregulated, had more CNVs, and was more highly secreted by tumours, macrophages, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells and fibroblasts in recurrent chordoma than in primary chordoma. Finally, FN1 enhanced the invasion and proliferation of chordomas in vivo and in vitro.ConclusionOur comprehensive picture of the microenvironment of primary and recurrent chordomas provides deep insights into the mechanisms of chordoma recurrence. FN1 is an important target for chordoma therapy.
Stakeholder Reflections on Implementing the National Institutes of Health's Policy on Single Institutional Review Boards
Authors: Corneli Amy , McKenna Kevin , Hanlen‐Rosado Emily , Calvert Sara B. , Mah Eric , Rosenfeld Stephen J. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThe National Institutes of Health (NIH) requires use of a single institutional review board (sIRB) for multisite, nonexempt, NIH‐funded research with human participants. The Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative (CTTI) conducted in‐depth interviews with 34 stakeholders at two universities and in research administration leadership positions at multiple institutions about their experiences implementing the sIRB model, focusing on the NIH policy's goals soon after the policy was enacted. While some stakeholders suggested that using an sIRB has streamlined and reduced inefficiencies associated with the local IRB model, more stakeholders indicated that the sIRB model has not simplified the ethics review process and instead created new inefficiencies due to unclear roles and responsibilities for staff and institutions; a lack of systems and processes for implementing the sIRB model, including communication systems; and increased workloads. CTTI used these findings to propose a new framework for evaluating the NIH sIRB policy.
Top‐down versus bottom‐up: Grazing and upwelling regime alter patterns of primary productivity in a warm‐temperate system
Authors: Gilson Abby R. , McQuaid Christopher 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCommunity structure is driven by the interaction of physical processes and biological interactions that can vary across environmental gradients and the strength of top‐down control is expected to vary along gradients of primary productivity. In coastal marine systems, upwelling drives regional resource availability through the bottom‐up effect of nutrient subsidies. This alters rates of primary production and is expected to alter algae–herbivore interactions in rocky intertidal habitats. Despite the potential for upwelling to alter these interactions, the interaction of upwelling and grazing pressure is poorly understood, particularly for warm‐temperate systems. Using in situ herbivore exclusion experiments replicated across multiple upwelling regimes, we investigated the effects of both grazing pressure, upwelling, and their interactions on the sessile invertebrate community and biomass of macroalgal communities in a warm‐temperate system. The sessile invertebrate cover showed indirect effects of grazing, being consistently low where algal biomass was high at upwelling sites and at nonupwelling sites when grazers were excluded. The macroalgal cover was greater at upwelling sites when grazers were excluded and there was a strong effect of succession throughout the experimental period. Grazing effects were greater at upwelling sites, particularly during winter months. There was a nonsignificant trend toward greater grazing pressure on early than later successional stages. Our results show that the positive bottom‐up effects of nutrient supply on algal production do not overwhelm top‐down control in this warm‐temperate system but do have knock‐on consequences for invertebrates that compete with macroalgae for space. We speculate that global increases in air and sea surface temperatures in warm‐temperate systems will promote top‐down effects in upwelling regions by increasing herbivore metabolic and growth rates.
Pharmacological, nutraceutical, and nutritional properties of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum): An insight into its functionality and disease mitigation
Authors: Noreen Sana , Tufail Tabussam , Ul Ain Huma Bader , Awuchi Chinaza Godswill 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFlaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is derived from the flax plant, an annual herb. The primary relevance of flaxseed is in the human nutrition sector, where it is emerging as a significant functional food component due to its high level of active chemicals, which have been linked to health benefits. Flaxseed may be consumed in numerous forms, including milled, oil, and bakery items. The phytochemicals that are present in flaxseed have greatly drawn interest as bioactive molecules beneficial for health. It is naturally enriched with alpha‐linolenic acid, omega‐3 fatty acid, lignin, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, and fiber which are physiologically active in the protection of some chronic illnesses such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular stroke. Furthermore, the benefits of flaxseed eating have been demonstrated in the animal nutrition industry, resulting in healthier food from animal origin. In reality, the fatty acid profile of meat and fat in swine and poultry is directly impacted by the source of fat in the diet. Feeding omega‐3‐enriched diets with flaxseed will improve the omega‐3 content in eggs and meat, enriching the products. The current study focuses on the latest evidence on the chemical makeup of flaxseed and its positive benefits.
Association of dietary patterns of pregnant women with pregnancy outcomes: A hospital‐based study
Authors: Ghorbani‐Kafteroodi Sahar , Ghiasvand Maryam , Saghafi‐Asl Maryam , Kazemi Aski Soudabeh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDiet is one of the main factors influencing pregnancy outcomes. Maternal and child health both seem to be related to dietary patterns. So far, no study on dietary pattern has been performed on pregnant women and its association with pregnancy outcomes in Rasht. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and pregnancy outcomes in Rasht. In this cross‐sectional study, 300 healthy pregnant women were included from three public hospitals in Rasht. Data on demographic, dietary intake, physical activity (PA), and anthropometric measurements of mothers were recorded. Outcomes of newborns were also gathered. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. General linear model was used for data analysis. Prior to pregnancy, only 40% of women had a normal body mass index (BMI). More than half of them (52.3%) had a gestational weight gain in excess of the guidelines. The dominant dietary patterns among pregnant women were traditional, Western, and healthy, respectively. High adherence to the Western pattern had a direct association with gestational weight gain (B = 1.48, p = .046) and inverse association with birth length (B = −0.71, p = .043). However, the results did not remain significant after adjusting for covariates. The present study indicated that several factors can affect the association of the Western diet with pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, making policies for interventional programs to improve maternal lifestyle factors along with their diet quality is recommended.
Work conditions of interstate migrant workers in India: A critical realist exploration
Authors: Hirudayaraj Malar , Barhate Bhagyashree , McLean Gary N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic and the consequent lockdowns were flashpoints that exposed the vulnerabilities of low‐skilled interstate migrants that have persisted for years across the globe and demanded a critical examination of their work experiences and conditions. Unlike migrants who cross national borders for employment and economic reasons, internal migrants migrate within the country in search of better livelihood options. However, while the problems of low‐skilled immigrants who cross national borders attract research attention, the experiences of internal migrants have not been adequately researched. Using critical realism as a framework, we investigated the precarious working conditions of one of India's most vulnerable groups of workers—interstate migrant workers. Our findings showed that, despite short‐term positive outcomes, interstate migration does not guarantee freedom from poverty, precarity, or powerlessness. The conspicuous absence of formal opportunities to develop their potential reiterates their status as a marginalized, forgotten, and exploited group of workers, also neglected by human resource development (HRD) researchers. HRD has a critical role to play in the short term by providing skill training and in the long term by advocating for policy changes to ensure the well‐being and empowerment of migrant workers.
Inhibition of voltage‐dependent K+ channels in rabbit coronary arterial smooth muscle cells by the atypical antipsychotic agent sertindole
Authors: Zhuang Wenwen , Mun Seo‐Yeong , Park Minju , Jeong Junsu , Kim Hye Ryung , Na Sunghun , Lee Se Jin , Park Hongzoo , Park Won Sun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe regulation of membrane potential and the contractility of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by voltage‐dependent K+ (Kv) potassium channels are well‐established. In this study, native VSMCs from rabbit coronary arteries were used to investigate the inhibitory effect of sertindole, an atypical antipsychotic agent, on Kv channels. Sertindole induced dose‐dependent inhibition of Kv channels, with an IC50 of 3.13 ± 0.72 μM. Although sertindole did not cause a change in the steady‐state activation curve, it did lead to a negative shift in the steady‐state inactivation curve. The application of 1‐ or 2‐Hz train pulses failed to alter the sertindole‐induced inhibition of Kv channels, suggesting use‐independent effects of the drug. The inhibitory response to sertindole was significantly diminished by pretreatment with a Kv1.5 inhibitor but not by Kv2.1 and Kv7 subtype inhibitors. These findings demonstrate the sertindole dose‐dependent and use‐independent inhibition of vascular Kv channels (mainly the Kv1.5 subtype) through a mechanism that involves altering steady‐state inactivation curves. Therefore, the use of sertindole as an antipsychotic drug may have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system.
Determinants of appointment nonattendance among outpatients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Nilausen Britt , Gerber Anne‐Liv , Holgersen Nikolaj , Nielsen Valdemar W. , Ring Hans C. , Thomsen Simon F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is associated with several comorbidities and significant impairment of quality of life. Moderate to severe HS patients have often prolonged treatment courses at various hospitals. We investigated various factors that may be related to missed follow‐up visits during prolonged treatment courses among HS outpatients.ObjectivesTo highlight potential predictors for appointment absenteeism among HS patients.MethodsDuring a 12‐month period at a university hospital dermatology outpatient clinic, absenteeism and related factors were obtained for each visit at the hospital.ResultsOut of 161 unique follow‐up visits during a 12‐month period at a university hospital dermatology outpatient clinic, 37 patients (23.0%) were absentees. Patients with non‐attendance were more likely to be males (p = 0.02). Patients who were on biologic treatment for HS were less likely to miss appointments (p = 0.06).ConclusionsOur study showed that almost one in four hospital outpatients with HS fail to show up for their scheduled appointments. The data suggest an increased awareness of high risk of missed follow‐up visits during treatment of HS patients.
High‐Efficiency Electro‐Optic Modulator on Thin‐Film Lithium Niobate with High‐Permittivity Cladding
Authors: Chen Nuo , Lou Kangping , Yu Yalong , He Xuanjian , Chu Tao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThin‐film lithium niobate is a promising platform owing to its large electro‐optic (EO) coefficients and low propagation loss. However, the large footprints of devices limit their application in large‐scale integrated optical systems. A crucial challenge is how to maintain the performance advantage given the design space restrictions in this situation. This work proposes and demonstrates a high‐efficiency lithium niobate EO modulator with high‐permittivity cladding to improve the electric field strength in waveguides and its overlap with optical fields while maintaining low optical loss and broad bandwidth. The proposed modulator exhibits considerable improvement, featuring a low half‐wave voltage–length product of 1.41 V∙cm, a low excess loss of ≈0.5 dB, and a broad 3 dB EO bandwidth of >67 GHz. Among all the Mach‐Zehnder interferometer modulators reported thus far, the proposed modulator demonstrates notably high modulation efficiency while maintaining excellent high‐frequency performance. The design scheme of using high‐permittivity cladding may provide a promising solution for improving the integration of photonic devices on the thin‐film lithium niobate platform, and these devices may serve as fundamental components in large‐scale photonic integrated circuits in the future.
Crystalline–Amorphous Heterojunction for a Metal Halides Single Crystals X‐Ray Detector with Substantially Increased Sensitivity
Authors: Xu Youkui , Li ZhenHua , Yu Tengfei , Peng Guoqiang , Lei Yutian , Chen Huanyu , Wu Yujiang , Wang Haoxu , Jin Zhiwen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIon migration‐induced noise is the main limiting factor for metal halides (MHs) single crystals (SCs) X‐ray detectors, and heterostructure design is the most efficient method to overcome this puzzle. However, the conventional stepwise solution method or heteroepitaxial method is greatly limited by the SCs secondary dissolution and the lattice parameters matching. Here, simple and universal crystalline–amorphous heterojunction is developed that proves to be extremely effective in suppressing noise. MAPbBr3 SCs are first chosen as representatives to form heterojunctions with amorphous MTP2MnBr4 by the melting method, and the related device shows an enhanced X‐ray response with significant noise suppression. Computational and experimental results demonstrate that the gradient energy levels formation and improved ion migration energy are responsible for this. Finally, the optimized device shows a low dark current (reduced from ≈1000 to ≈0.12 nA), ultra‐high sensitivity (10 569 µC Gyair−1 cm−2), lower detection limit (82.64 nGyair s−1), and negligible performance deterioration at a total radiation dose of ≈17 000 mGyair. Moreover, six other SCs are selected to verify the universal effect of the heterojunctions, all of which show excellent improved sensitivity, proving its versatility. Hence, it is believed that this work will give a strong impetus to develop sensitive MHs SCs X‐ray detectors.