bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Significance of p21 Expression in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Shoji Tsuyoshi , Tanaka Fumihiro , Takata Tetsuya , Yanagihara Kazuhiro , Otake Yosuke , Hanaoka Nobuharu , Miyahara Ryo , Nakagawa Tatsuo , Kawano Yozo , Ishikawa Shinya , Katakura Hiromichi , Wada Hiromi 
Published: September 2002

PURPOSE: The clinical significance of p21 expression remains unclear, whereas many experimental studies have demonstrated that p21, the product of the WAF1/CIP1/SDI1 gene, plays an important role in regulation of the cell cycle as an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical significance in resected non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 233 consecutive patients with completely resected pathologic stage I to IIIA NSCLC were retrospectively reviewed. Expression of p21 and the status of p53 were examined immunohistochemically. Proliferative activity was also evaluated immunohistochemically. The incidence of apoptotic cell death was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling staining. RESULTS: Expression of p21 was positive in 120 patients (51.5%). The 5-year survival rate of p21-positive patients was 73.8%, significantly higher than that of p21-negative patients (60.7%; P = .006). Aberrant expression of p53 was positive in 98 patients (42.1%). When combined with p53 status, the prognostic value of p21 status was enhanced: the 5-year survival rate of p21-positive and p53-negative patients was 80.7%, markedly higher than that of p21-negative and p53-positive patients (50.0% for both; P = .001). Multivariate analysis confirmed that positive expression of p21 was a significant factor for predicting a favorable prognosis. There was no significant correlation between p21 expression and p53 status, proliferative activity, or incidence of apoptosis. CONCLUSION: p21 expression was shown to be an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC.
Subsequent Chemotherapy Regimens Are Well Tolerated After Radioimmunotherapy With Yttrium-90 Ibritumomab Tiuxetan for Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors: Ansell Stephen M. , Ristow Kay M. , Habermann Thomas M. , Wiseman Gregory A. , Witzig Thomas E. 
Published: September 2002

PURPOSE: Yttrium-90 (90Y) ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin; IDEC Pharmaceutical, San Diego, CA) is an effective therapy for patients with relapsed B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The predominant toxicity of90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan has been myelosuppression, and concern has been expressed about the tolerability of further treatment after this therapy. The goal of this analysis was to evaluate the therapy given to patients who relapsed after90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan.PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 58 patients treated at a single institution on five separate protocols that used90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan 0.4 mCi/kg. All patients had experienced disease progression after90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan treatment and received subsequent therapy. The toxicity seen in this cohort of patients with subsequent treatment regimens was analyzed and compared with that of control groups who did not receive90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan.RESULTS: The median number of subsequent therapies was two (range, one to seven). Sixteen (28%) of the 58 patients received growth factor support with subsequent chemotherapy, and two patients were treated with reduced doses because of persistent pancytopenia. Eight patients subsequently had an autologous stem-cell transplantation with stem cells collected after90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan therapy. Excluding patients hospitalized at the time of transplantation, 13 patients were hospitalized for neutropenic fever, thrombocytopenia, or both. When compared to patients who did not receive90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan, there was no significant difference in toxicity.CONCLUSION: We conclude that chemotherapy or autologous stem-cell transplantation after prior therapy with90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan is feasible and reasonably well tolerated. The toxicity with subsequent therapy seems similar to that in patients not treated with90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan.
Phase I Study of Recombinant Human Endostatin in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Herbst Roy S. , Hess Kenneth R. , Tran Hai T. , Tseng Jennifer E. , Mullani Nizar A. , Charnsangavej Chusilp , Madden Timothy , Davis Darren W. , McConkey David J. , O’Reilly Michael S. , Ellis Lee M. , Pluda James , Hong Waun K. , Abbruzzese James L. 
Published: September 2002

PURPOSE: Endostatin, a 20-kd fragment of collagen XVIII, is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. We evaluated recombinant human endostatin (rh-Endo) in a phase I trial designed to assess safety, pharmacokinetics, and serum markers of angiogenesis in patients with solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-six patients were enrolled onto a dose-finding trial of rh-Endo administered as an intravenous bolus over a 20-minute period once daily. Three patients each were treated at dose levels of 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 600 mg/m2/d, and seven patients were treated at 300 mg/m2/d. Treatment consisted of a minimum of two 28-day cycles. Evaluations included noninvasive imaging, pharmacokinetics, and serum biomarkers. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients were treated with rh-Endo. Treatment was well tolerated; there were no dose-limiting toxic effects. Bacteremia from frequent central line access was the most common problem. The pharmacokinetic disposition of rh-Endo was linear and best described using a two-compartmental open model. The overall mean half-life was 10.7 ± 4.1 hours. A dose of 300 mg/m2 achieved an area under the concentration-time curve associated with activity in preclinical models. In two patients, there was evidence of antitumor activity, but no responses were seen. Serum markers of angiogenic activity did not provide insight into rh-Endo’s activity. Serum antibodies were observed against both rh-Endo and the Pichia pastoris vector, but no allergic reactions were observed. CONCLUSION: rh-Endo was safe and well tolerated. rh-Endo pharmacokinetic profiles achieved area under the concentration-time curves associated with activity in preclinical models. Evidence of minor antitumor activity was observed and further studies are indicated.
Randomized Comparison of Low-Dose Involved-Field Radiotherapy and No Radiotherapy for Children With Hodgkin’s Disease Who Achieve a Complete Response to Chemotherapy
Authors: Nachman James B. , Sposto Richard , Herzog Philip , Gilchrist Gerald S. , Wolden Suzanne L. , Thomson John , Kadin Marshall E. , Pattengale Paul , Davis P. Charlton , Hutchinson Raymond J. , White Keith 
Published: September 2002

PURPOSE: Current standard therapy for children and adolescents with Hodgkin’s disease includes combination chemotherapy and low-dose involved-field radiation (LD-IFRT). Because radiation may be associated with adverse late effects, the Children’s Cancer Group (CCG) investigated whether radiation could be omitted in patients achieving a complete response to initial chemotherapy without jeopardizing the excellent outcome obtained with combined-modality therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 1995 and December 1998, 829 eligible patients were enrolled onto CCG 5942. A total of 501 patients who achieved an initial complete response after risk-adapted combination chemotherapy were randomized to receive LD-IFRT or no further treatment. Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival were assessed from the date of study entry or the date of randomization, as appropriate. RESULTS: The projected 3-year EFS from study entry for the entire cohort was 87% ± 1.2%. Among patients who achieved a complete response to initial chemotherapy, 92% ± 1.9% of those randomized to receive LD-IFRT were alive and disease free 3 years after randomization, versus 87% ± 2.2% for patients randomized to receive no further therapy (stratified log-rank test; P = .057). With an “as-treated” analysis, 3-year EFS after randomization for the radiation cohort was 93% ± 1.7% versus 85% ± 2.3% for patients receiving no further therapy (stratified log-rank test; P = .0024). Three-year survival estimates for patients treated with and without LD-IFRT were 98% ± 1.1% for patients who received radiation and 99% ± 0.5% for patients who did not receive radiation. CONCLUSION: LD-IFRT after an initial complete response to risk-adapted chemotherapy improved EFS. At this time, there is no survival advantage for LD-IFRT, but follow-up remains short.
Solvation Structures and Solvent Exchange Reactions of Metal Ions in Various Coordinating Solvents
Authors: Funahashi Shigenobu , Inada Yasuhiro 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
The solvation structures and the reaction mechanisms of the solvent exchange reactions of metal ions are essential aspects of the interactions of the metal ions with the solvent molecules and information about them is necessary to understand the reactivities of the metal ions in solution. The solvation structures in various coordinating solvents were discussed on the basis of the structure parameters determined by the extended X-ray absorption fine structure technique, referring to the ionic size, ionic charge, and electronic configuration of the metal ions and the bulkiness and electron donating ability of the solvent molecules. It was shown that the deficient bulkiness of 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea leads to a unique variation in the solvation number for a series of 3d-block metal ions and that the strong electron donating ability of propylamine reduces the solvation number. The solvent exchange mechanisms of various metal ions were discussed on the basis of the activation parameters determined by the nuclear magnetic resonance technique, and the effects of the ionic charge, ionic size, and electronic configuration of the metal ions were regularized. The kinetic results for the solvent exchange of the Ni2+ and Mn2+ ions in a series of nitriles revealed the effect of the solvent bulkiness on the variation in the mechanism. The kinetic chelate effect was pointed out on the basis of the activation parameters for the solvent exchange of the divalent first-row transition metal ions in bidentate solvents such as ethylenediamine and trimethylenediamine.
Intercalation of 2-Aminoethanethiol into Layered Titanium Phosphate and Its Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions
Authors: Hayashi Aki , Nakayama Hirokazu , Tsuhako Mitsutomo 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
In order to develop a new type of adsorbent of toxic heavy metal ions, 2-aminoethanethiol-intercalated layered phosphates were synthesized. 2-Aminoethanethiol was intercalated into titanium(IV) dihydrogenphosphate phosphate dihydrate (γ -titanium phosphate), Ti(H2PO4)(PO4)·2H2O, with a monolayer structure. The intercalation compound could adsorb heavy metal ions, such as Ag+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cr3+, by interacting with a mercapto group (–SH). Also, it could completely adsorb Ag+ and Hg2+, even from any concentration of aqueous solutions. The adsorption amounts increased with an increase of the 2-aminoethanethiol content in the intercalation compound. The adsorption mechanism was investigated by using powder X-ray diffraction and solid-state NMR. For a comparison, propylamine-intercalated γ -titanium phosphate was also examined.
“Syn-Effect” in the Isomerization of (E)-α-Fluorovinylic Sulfones to the Corresponding Allylic Sulfones under Basic Conditions
Authors: Nakamura Tetsuya , Guha Samar Kumar , Ohta Yoshihiro , Abe Daisuke , Ukaji Yutaka , Inomata Katsuhiko 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Toward the elucidation of the origin of the “syn-effect,” the stereochemistry of the isomerization of (E)-α-fluorovinylic sulfones to the corresponding allylic sulfones under mild basic conditions was investigated. The ratio of (Z)-isomers of the resulting allylic sulfones decreased in the following order for the γ-substituents of the starting vinylic sulfones: F- &gt; EtO- &gt; CH3- &gt; BnS- &gt; CH3CH2- &gt; (CH3)2CH- &gt; (CH3)3C-, C6H5-. The fluorine atom showed the highest “syn-effect,” which is herein defined as an effect that stabilizes the syn-conformation in the transition state against a steric or nonbonded repulsion; the rest of the series was in accord with previous results found in the conversion of α-unsubstituted (E)-vinylic sulfones to the corresponding allylic sulfones under similar conditions. These results were rationalized based on the σ→π* interaction.
The effect of environmental conditions on the distribution of eggs and larvae of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L.) in the Black Sea
Authors: Kideys Ahmet E. , Gordina Anna D. , Bingel Ferit , Niermann Ulrich 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Recent events in the Black Sea have had a severe impact on all compartments of the ecosystem, including ichthyoplankton. The distribution of eggs and larvae of the anchovy, the major commercial fish species, was investigated in relation to ambient conditions in the southern Black Sea during July 1992, August 1993, and June–July 1996. Average highest egg and larva numbers were observed in June–July 1996. Ichthyoplankton distribution was closely connected with the hydrography. Besides surface temperature and salinity, among the numerous biotic parameters tested, abundance of fodder zooplankton and of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi showed significant correlations with the distribution of either eggs or larvae of the anchovy. The results help in explaining the shift observed in the spawning grounds.
Cost‐effectiveness of the treatment of heart failure with ramipril: a Spanish analysis of the AIRE study
Authors: Hart Warren Mark , Rubio‐Terres Carlos , Pajuelo Francisco , Juanatey Jose R. González 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAimsTo estimate the cost‐effectiveness of adding ramipril to conventional treatment in patients with heart failure after myocardial infarction from the perspective of the Spanish National Health System.Methods and resultsA retrospective analysis of the AIRE study was made, using previously published data from the clinical trial combined with local Spanish resource and cost data. A typical rehospitalisation for a heart failure episode would last an average of 11.6 days with an average cost of €350.80 per day. The incremental cost of ramipril per life‐year gained in the baseline case was €1550.10 after 3.8 years of follow‐up. Sensitivity analysis showed that the basic conclusions were robust in spite of extreme variations in the values of the key parameters of the model.ConclusionThe use of ramipril in addition to conventional treatment in heart failure patients after myocardial infarction is cost‐effective both according to currently accepted international standards of what constitutes a cost‐effective intervention and also indirectly by comparing the results with similar pharmaceutical products financed under the Spanish National Health System.
Bradyrhizobium japonicum mutants allowing improved nodulation and nitrogen fixation of field-grown soybean in a short season area
Authors: ZHANG H. , DAOUST F. , CHARLES T. C. , DRISCOLL B. T. , PRITHIVIRAJ B. , SMITH D. L. 
Published: September 2002

In short-season soybean production areas, low soil temperature is potentially a major factor limiting plant growth and yield. Although Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain 532 C is widely used in inoculants in Canadian soybean production, and USDA 110 is widely used in American soybean production, they are both inhibited by low temperatures. Genistein is an important plant-to-bacteria signal compound secreted by soybean roots. The addition of genistein has proven to be an effective means of generating increases in nitrogen fixation and yield but genistein is expensive. We used UV mutagenesis to make 10 mutants from USDA 110 that express nod genes without the addition of plant-to-bacteria signal compounds such as genistein. A field experiment was conducted at the Lods Agronomy Research Centre in southwestern Quebec in 1998 and 1999. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of inoculant type (no inoculant (control) and inoculants containing the mutants Bj 30050, Bj 30051, Bj 30052, Bj 30053, Bj 30054, Bj 30055, Bj 30056, Bj 30057, Bj 30058, Bj 30059 and the wild type USDA110 or 532 C) and soybean cultivar (Bayfield and Maple Glen). The experiment was structured following a randomized complete block design with four blocks. Data were collected on nodule number, nodule dry weight, shoot nitrogen yield and total nitrogen fixation at five development stages. Averaged over the 2 years of the study, when pods were 2 cm long at one of the four uppermost nodes on the main stem (R4), inoculation with Bj 30055 and Bj 30058 resulted in greater nodule number (23 and 14%, respectively), nodule dry weight (16 and 13%, respectively), shoot nitrogen yield (19 and 21%, respectively) and total nitrogen fixation (10·9 and 12·7%, respectively) than 532 C, which is currently used in Canadian inoculants. The cultivar Bayfield produced more nodules, and higher nodule weight than Maple Glen, but there were no differences between the cultivars for shoot nitrogen yield and total nitrogen fixation.
Standardly stratified algebras and cellular algebras
Authors: XI CHANGCHANG 
Published: September 2002

Let A be an Artin algebra. Then there are finitely many non-isomorphic simple
A-modules. Suppose S1, S2, …, Sn form a complete list of all non-isomorphic simple
A-modules and we fix this ordering of simple modules. Let Pi and Qi be the projective
cover and the injective envelope of Si respectively. With this order of simple modules
we define for each i the standard module Δ(i) to be the maximal quotient of Pi with
composition factors Sj with j [les ] i. Let Δ be the set of all these standard modules
Δ(i). We denote by [Fscr ](Δ) the subcategory of A-mod whose objects are the modules
M which have a Δ-filtration, namely there is a finite chain0 = M0 ⊂ M1 ⊂ M2 ⊂ … ⊂ Mt = Mof submodules of M such that Mi/Mi−1 is isomorphic to a module in Δ for all i.
The modules in [Fscr ](Δ) are called Δ-good modules. Dually, we define the costandard
module ∇(i) to be the maximal submodule of Qi with composition factors Sj with
j [les ] i and denote by ∇ the collection of all costandard modules. In this way, we have
also the subcategory [Fscr ](∇) of A-mod whose objects are these modules which have
a ∇-filtration. Of course, we have the notion of ∇-good modules. Note that Δ(n) is
always projective and ∇(n) is always injective.
Ranging behaviour and activity of the Malay civet (Viverra tangalunga) in a logged and an unlogged forest in Danum Valley, East Malaysia
Authors: Colón Christina Paulette 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe Malay civet Viverra tangalunga is a relatively little known member of Borneo's carnivore community found throughout Peninsular Malaysia, Palawan, Sumatra and adjacent islands and Sulawesi. To investigate the basic ecology of this species and examine the potential impact of selective logging, a radiotelemetry study was carried out in the Ulu Segama Forest Reserve in Sabah, East Malaysia. From December 1995 to June 1997, home range, movement and activity data were collected on 12 study animals in a dipterocarp rain forest, and comparisons made between civets in a selectively logged and an unlogged site. Mean home‐range size was 110 ha and did not differ between sites or gender. In areas of range overlap, radio‐collared civets tended to avoid one another. Day beds were located on the ground and were associated with dense cover. Activity levels averaged 55% and were similar between forest types and gender. Most activity occurred from 18:00 to 07:00 during which mean activity was 81%. In a single day, males travelled further and covered a larger part of their home range than females. Roads and trails were used by both sexes, and roads were the only observed source of mortality resulting from vehicles. While density was higher in the unlogged forest, this species persists in both areas. The ability to survive in disturbed habitats might be influenced by the proximity of undisturbed habitat that served as a biological reservoir, or source of individuals to immigrate into the disturbed habitat.
The role of the male's cerci in copulation and mate guarding in decorated crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus)
Authors: Ritz Markus S. , Sakaluk Scott K. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractCerci are paired, sensory appendages extending from the terminal abdominal segment of crickets. While the cerci are acutely sensitive to air currents and thereby function in the detection of potential predators, they are also known to play a role in co‐ordinating movements of males and females during copulation. The role of the male's cerci at four stages of the mating sequence (courtship, copulation, mate guarding and spermatophore removal) was examined by experimentally removing the cerci of male decorated crickets Gryllodes sigillatus and comparing their mating success with that of control males. The mating success of cercectomized males was significantly reduced relative to control males, primarily because of their greater inability to induce females to mount. Even when they succeeded in securing an initial mount, cercectomized males took significantly longer to transfer a spermatophore than did control males. Cercectomy had no influence on the efficacy of post‐copulatory mate guarding by males, nor did females discriminate against cercectomized males by removing their spermatophores sooner than those of control males. We conclude that the primary function of the male's cerci in sexual interactions in G. sigillatus is to provide tactile stimuli to females that either elicit or guide their mounting response.
Types, type locality and subspecies of the gerenuk Litocranius walleri (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)
Authors: Grubb P. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFrom what is known about the discovery of the gerenuk Litocranius walleri, the type locality is here restricted to the vicinity of Chisimaio, Somalia. Two discrete subspecies can be recognized. The smaller L. w. walleri occurs in north‐east Tanzania, Kenya, southern Somalia and southern Ethiopia. The larger L. w. sclateri is restricted to Djibouti, northern Somalia and adjacent parts of northern Ethiopia and is present in very few protected areas.
Cooperative and Competitive Binding in Synergistic Mixtures of Thermobifida fuscaCellulases Cel5A, Cel6B, and Cel9A
Authors: Jeoh Tina , Wilson David B. , Walker Larry P. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSynergism between cellulases facilitates efficient hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose. We hypothesize that the effects of synergism, observed as enhanced extents of hydrolysis, are related to cellulase binding to the substrate in mixtures. In this study, direct measurements of bound concentrations of fluorescence‐labeled T. fuscaCel5A, Cel6B, and Cel9A on bacterial microcrystalline cellulose were used to study binding behaviors of cellulases in binary component reactions. The accuracy of the determination of fluorescence‐labeled cellulase concentrations in binary component mixtures was in the range of 7–9%. Data at 5 °C show that binding levels of cellulases in mixture reactions are only 22–70% of the binding levels in single component reactions. At 50 °C, however, most of the cellulase components in the same mixtures bound to extents of 40–126% higher than in the corresponding single component reactions. The degrees of synergistic effect (DSE) observed for the reactions at 50 °C were greater than 1, indicating that the components in the mixture acted synergistically, whereas DSE < 1 was generally observed for the reactions at 5 °C indicating anti‐synergistic behavior. Degrees of synergistic binding (DSB) were also calculated, where anti‐synergistic mixtures had DSB < 1 and synergistic mixtures had DSB>1. We conclude that the lower extents of binding at 5 °C are due to competition for binding sites by the cellulase components in the mixtures and the enhanced binding extents at 50 °C are due to increased availability of binding sites on the substrates brought about by the higher extents of hydrolysis.