bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in adults aged 60 years and older: A case-control study in south India
Authors: Thomas Shilpa Babu , Nujum Zinia T , Ramakrishnan Devraj , Paul Lipsy , Divya Somasekharan Nair 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
To evaluate the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing symptomatic and severe diseases among the adults aged 60 years and older, identify key risk factors that influence infection and severity, and explore strategies to enhance the protection for this high-risk group.

Methods:
A test-negative case-control study was conducted among individuals aged 60 years and older, comprising 300 COVID- 19-positive cases and 300 COVID-19-negative controls. Data on vaccination status and other variables were collected via telephone interviews using a pre-tested questionnaire. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as 1 minus the crude odds ratio (OR), with 95% confidence interval (CI). Additionally, univariate logistic regression and multivariable logistic regression were employed to identify factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity.

Results:
Among 600 participants, 13.7% (82/600) were identified as unvaccinated individuals. Multivariable analysis revealed that vaccinated status was the only factor determining both the infection of SARS-CoV-2 (adjusted OR 2.63; 95% CI: 1.57-4.41) and severity of COVID-19 (adjusted OR 1.85; 95% CI: 1.00-3.62). The estimated vaccine effectiveness was 68.0% (95% CI: 0.45-0.82) for fully vaccinated individuals and 59.0% (95% CI: 0.30-0.76) for partially vaccinated individuals. Of the cases, 22.0% (66/300) were identified as severe. The vaccine demonstrated an effectiveness of 73.0% (95% CI: 0.47-0.86) against severe COVID-19 among fully vaccinated individuals and 68.0% (95% CI: 0.44-0.83) for partially vaccinated individuals.

Conclusions:
The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines among the adults aged 60 years and older is lower than anticipated. In addition to the administration of booster doses, other interventions such as using higher doses, adjuvants, and intradermal routes should be evaluated to protect this highly vulnerable group that is at the greatest risk of adverse outcomes.
Molecular Mechanisms of Ligusticum wallichii and Its Components in Attenuating Acute Cerebral Vasospasm
Authors: Wu Bo-Wen , Yan Pei-Yu , Wu Mi-Shan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective:
Acute cerebral vasospasm (aCVS) is a severe complication commonly occurring after subarachnoid hemorrhage, leading to significant morbidity and mortality despite current therapeutic interventions. This study aims to elucidate the potential therapeutic mechanisms of Ligusticum wallichii against aCVS through an integrated approach of bioinformatics, meta-analysis, and network pharmacology.

Materials and Methods:
Studies related to L. wallichii and aCVS were systematically retrieved from public databases, followed by a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of L. wallichii extracts in treating or preventing aCVS. Major components were identified through the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Systems Pharmacology database, with their three-dimensional structures obtained from PubChem. Target predictions on human proteins were performed using PharmMapper, and these were complemented by ribonucleic acid sequencing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis of the dataset GSE37924. An intersection analysis was performed to explore the overlap between predicted targets. Protein–protein interaction, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were conducted, followed by the construction of a pharmacological network using Cytoscape. The key components and their predicted targets were further analyzed and validated through molecular docking simulations.

Results:
The meta-analysis revealed that tetramethylpyrazine, a key component of L. wallichii extracts, showed significant potential in alleviating and preventing symptoms of aCVS. Key components, such as beta-sitosterol, folic acid, mandenol, myricanone, perlolyrine, senkyunone, and wallichilide, were linked to 414 potential target proteins. From the GSE37924 dataset, 22 candidate target proteins were identified, with folic acid, myricanone, and perlolyrine playing central roles in the network, potentially targeting Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase 1, Adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation factor 1, Casein Kinase 1 Gamma 2, among others, to mitigate aCVS.

Conclusions:

L. wallichii and its key components demonstrate potential therapeutic effects in treating aCVS. These findings provide scientific support for the potential therapeutic application of L. wallichii in aCVS treatment, demonstrating the direct value of TCM in modern medical applications.
Caracterización del compostaje de residuos de palma canaria en la Ciudad de México
Authors: Alvarado D. , Saavedra L.L. , Mares S. , Mares O. , Rodríguez O. , Maldonado J. 
Published: January 2025

El mayor problema que enfrenta la Ciudad de México, es la enorme cantidad de residuos orgánicos que produce diariamente, y que se ha incrementado recientemente con la declinación y muerte de cientos de palmas canarias. Como alternativa para disminuirlos, está el compostaje, un proceso cuyo producto final, la composta, debe garantizar inocuidad para plantas y humanos. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la madurez de la composta de palma canaria (Phoenix canariensis L.) mediante pruebas de fitotoxicidad y otros parámetros físicos y químicos. Durante el proceso de compostaje se realizaron cinco muestreos y bioensayos de fitotoxicidad con semillas de lechuga en extractos acuosos de la composta y se determinó el Índice de Germinación (IG). Al inicio y al final del proceso se realizaron los análisis físicos y químicos que indica la Norma Mexicana de Compostaje 2018 (NMC). Hubo un incremento en la germinación de 39% en mayo a 96% en septiembre, lo mismo ocurrió con el valor del IG. Después de 124 días de compostaje, el producto alcanzó madurez y estabilidad, es decir, libre de fitotoxicidad, alcanzando un IG de 135.1 y propiedades organolépticas adecuadas. El 89.27 % del volumen de composta tuvo calidad Tipo 1 (tamaño de partícula ≤10 mm), libre de impurezas, metales pesados y patógenos. A excepción de la relación C/N, y porcentaje de P y K, el resto de los parámetros se encontraron dentro de los límites reportados en la NMC. Esta investigación explora por primera vez el compostaje de residuos de P. canariensis en México.
Assessment of knowledge, practice, and barriers regarding neonatal pain care among pediatrics and pediatric surgical residents at a Tertiary Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Mechal Desalegn , Demtse Asrat 
Published: January 2025

Background: The growing knowledge in medicine has shown newborns can feel pain and that treating pain has benefits for the neonates in the short- and long-term. Despite the presence of expert consensus on neonatal pain scoring methods, neonatal pain remains unnoticed and under treated. Among others, effective pain management requires that the physicians caring for neonates be well informed, keen-eyed and amenable to ensure that neonatal pain care is multi-tiered and multifaceted.
Objective: To assess the knowledge, practice and barriers regarding neonatal pain management among pediatric and pediatric surgical residents at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital.
Methods: Institution based cross sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was employed from June 01- July 15, 2020 among all pediatrics and pediatric surgical residents. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 software. One way ANOVA was used to determine differences in means. Statistical, significance was set at p≤0.05.
Results: Response rate was 96 % (104 out of 108 participants). The maximum and minimum score for the knowledge questions were 10 and 4 out of 10 respectively. The mean (SD) knowledge score was 8.5 (±1.4). Only 15.8% of residents reported using neonatal pain assessment tools on daily practice. The frequency of analgesia and non-pharmacologic measures for common neonatal procedures were sub-optimal and varied with the procedure. One-way ANOVA found no significant difference in neonatal pain care by specialty, knowledge status, experience, and residency year (P>0.05). Most residents cited inadequate staff training (88.4%), absence of local neonatal pain guidelines (87.4%), and lack of pain assessment (63.2%) as barriers to optimal neonatal pain care.
Conclusion: Despite the high knowledge score achieved by most of the residents, the use of analgesia and comfort measures for common neonatal procedures were not optimal, indicating a need for supervised practical application.
Delay in treatment for childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Kassa Eyuel , Ayalew Mulugeta , Birhan Mastewal , Gelaw Aschalew , Gelaw Aschalew , Gidey Abdulkader Mohammedsaid , Tilahun Degalem , Abebe Heyaw , Mekonnen Awol , Mekonnen Awol , Teklehaimanot Ermias , Berhane Nega 
Published: January 2025

Background: Despite the critical importance of early blood cancer diagnosis in children for timely treatment, late presentation, delayed diagnosis, and delayed treatment initiation remain significant issues in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Addressing these delays requires improving healthcare infrastructure, public awareness, provider training, and reducing financial barriers. This study aimed to assess referral delays, diagnostic delays, and overall treatment delays among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.
Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients under 18 years. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to primary caregivers from December 29, 2022, to January 30, 2024. During the study, 90 ALL cases were included using a consecutive sampling technique. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 25 software, with results presented through descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, graphs, and tables. Binary logistic regression examined associations between sociodemographic factors and treatment delays among childhood ALL patients.
Results: A total of 90 children participated, 63 (70.0%) male. Median time from first symptoms to medical consultation was 9.7 days, referral delay 51.3 days, diagnosis delay 3.2 days, and treatment initiation delay 4.6 days. Total delay to treatment was 69 days, with induction mortality at 22%. High-risk ALL, malaria, and delays of 30–90 days increased induction mortality risk.
Conclusion: The study revealed significant delays in childhood ALL treatment, contributing to high mortality rates. Timely diagnosis and treatment initiation are critical, particularly for high-risk patients and those with malaria. Strengthening healthcare infrastructure, awareness, and provider training is vital to improve outcomes.
Prevalence and associated risk factors of malaria among under-five years children in Ilugalan district, Oromia Region, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Kedida Lelisa Fikadu , Zenebe Mengistu Hailemariam , Lemma Solomon Asnake 
Published: January 2025

Background: Under-five children are at high risk of malaria-associated morbidity and mortality, however studies on community-based malaria in under-five children in Ethiopia are limited. Hence this study was conducted to investigate prevalence and associated risk factors among under-five children in the Ilu Galan district.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2023. Among five Kebeles selected by random sampling, 557 under-five children were chosen using systematic sampling. Malaria presence was assessed by microscopic examination and rapid diagnostic tests. Data on sociodemographic and risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression identified predictors with adjusted odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and P < 0.05 as statistically significant.
Results: The prevalence of malaria among under-five children was 5.2% (95% CI = 3.5-7.4). The majority (71.4%) were infected with P. falciparum, followed by P. vivax (25%), and mixed infection (3.6%). Staying outdoors at night (AOR=3.09; 95% CI=1.01-9.48), ITN utilization (AOR=0.26; 95% CI=0.07-0.94), presence of eaves (AOR=4.08; 95% CI=1.20-13.44), less than 1 km distance from the river (AOR=4.32; 95% CI=1.19-15.62), and stagnant water nearby (AOR=11.40; 95% CI=3.71-35.02) increased malaria odds.
Conclusion: This study found a 5.2% malaria prevalence among under-five children, mainly caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Key risks included outdoor exposure, proximity to rivers, stagnant water, and poor housing. Promoting ITN use and addressing environmental risks are essential for pre
Childhood pulmonary paragonimiasis - a diagnostic conundrum: a case series from a tertiary care hospital in Kohima District of Northeast India
Authors: Das Prarthana 
Published: January 2025

Infestation by Paragonimus westermani is an emerging health concern in Northeast India. The infection is acquired by consuming raw or semi-raw freshwater crabs and crayfish contaminated with Paragonimus. Human pulmonary paragonimiasis often mimics pulmonary tuberculosis due to similar clinical and radiological features and may lead to diagnostic dilemmas. Though it is a common condition in this part of the country, a lack of awareness among the medical fraternity occasionally leads to misdiagnosis and mismanagement. Moreover, there is a dearth of research on this topic. Therefore, we present 3 cases of pulmonary paragonimiasis from the paediatric age group treated in a tertiary care hospital that masqueraded as pulmonary tuberculosis. This might be the one of the very few reported case series on this condition from Northeast India.
Characterization of 20 Mung bean (<i>Vigna radiata</i> L.) genotypes in Owerri, South Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Ibellow S. C. , Agbim J. U. 
Published: January 2025

The problem of protein deficit in the diets of individuals in South-eastern Nigeria led to exploring affordable plant-based protein sources, hence, the introduction of Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) to curb this issue. Mung bean seeds were sown on ridges and the experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design replicated thrice. Data generated on agronomical and morphological characters were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) which revealed significant differences (p<0•05) amongst characters and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was utilized for the separation of means. Results showed higher variations existed in agronomic characters like: days to 50% seedling emergence, seedling vigour, number of pod cluster, plant height at maturity, 10 pod weight(g), 100 seed weight(g), seed yield/plant(g), yield/plant(g) and yield in kg/ha. Considerable variations subsisted for characters including: number of primary branches, plant height at maturity, pod length, and number of seeds per pod. However, low to no variation was present in days to 50% seedling emergence, days to 50% flowering, days to first pod maturity, primary leaflet length and width and terminal leaflet length and width. Euclidean Distance Cluster Analysis grouped the genotypes in six clusters; Cluster IV had maximum genotypes (six), while Clusters V and VI possessed only one genotype in each. The closest intra-cluster distance was observed between Tvr1172 and Tvr125 and the maximum inter-cluster distance existed between Tvr10 and Tvr161. We recommend that more research should be done in other agricultural areas to give more universally acceptable findings.
Athari za Kinyarwanda katika Ufundishaji na Ujifunzaji wa Kiswahili katika Shule Teule za Sekondari Wilayani Gakenke, Rwanda
Authors: Ikuramutse Martin H. , Niyotugira Vivens , Sebazungu Pascal 
Published: January 2025

Makala hii inachunguza jinsi Kinyawanda kinavyoathiri ufundishaji na ujifunzaji wa Kiswahili. Watoataarifa 24 ambao ni wanafunzi 18, walimu 3 pamoja na wakuu wa masomo 3, walitumiwa kuwa vyanzo vya taarifa. Data hizo zilikusanywa kupitia mahojiano, ushuhudiaji pamoja na udurusu wa nyaraka. Nadharia ya Utabia iliyoasisiwa na Skinner mwaka 1950 ndiyo iliyoongoza utafiti huu. Matokeo yanaonesha kwamba wanafunzi wanachanganya Kinyarwanda na Kiswahili kwa kuwa lugha hizi zina mfanano wa karibu kimatamshi, kiotografia na kisemantiki. Hivyo basi, makala hii inapendekeza yafuatayo: mosi, kuwe na vitabu vya ziada na kiada shuleni. Pili, ufundishaji wa Kiswahili uwe wa lazima kuanzia shule za chekechea hadi vyuoni. Tatu, Kiswahili kifundishwe katika michepuo yote kama ilivyo kwa lugha ya Kiingereza. Mwisho, kuwe na mijadala na midahalo shuleni ili kuboresha kiwango cha lugha ya Kiswahili miongoni mwa wanafunzi.
The Interface between Intellectual Property Rights and Linguistics under the Laws of Tanzania
Authors: Mwakaje Saudin J. 
Published: January 2025

The intellectual property rights (IPR) system transcends many socioeconomic aspects ranging from human creative processes and themanner they are expressed, and thereby, new words are formed for newly created products. Nevertheless, the operational intersections of IPR and linguistics have not been fully explored and elaborated on in the national laws. Under the patent law, generating new technical ideas and products necessitates creating new words or expressions. The contexts for using certain words to indicate the source of products and services have a regulatory effect on trademark law. Equally important are the translation rights under copyright law, which contribute to the development of new terminologies. This article explores the linkages of IPR and language development using a qualitative assessment model to examine the interplay of IPR and language development in the context of the laws of Tanzania. It addresses the inherent linguistic mischiefs and controversies arising from a misalignment of the etymological conception of words as they are perceived under the lens of IPR and linguistics. Consequently, it establishes that there is a significant contribution of IPR in language growth and that the operational and regulatory proximity of the two seemingly distant fields requires a reexamination. Ultimately, this article underscores the necessity of including IPR modules in language studies and engaging language experts during the IPR registration process and dispute settlement.
Uchambuzi wa Mashartizuizi katika Muundo wa Silabi za Kichasu
Authors: Fadhili Rabiel , Mwendamseke Faraja 
Published: January 2025

Makala hii imechunguza muundo wa silabi za lugha ya Kichasu kwa kuzingatia uchambuzi wa mashartizuizi ya Kichasu. Lengo la makala hii ni kubainisha miundo ya silabi za lugha hiyo. Utofauti wa udhihirikaji wa miundo ya silabi katika lugha mbalimbali za Kibantu ndio umechagiza kufanyika kwa utafiti huu. Kutokana na tafiti mbalimbali, kila lugha huwa na mpangilio tofauti wa mashartizuizi na ujitokezaji wa miundo yake huweka mipaka katika miundo ya silabi zake katika maneno. Data zilikusanywa kwa kutumia upitiaji maandiko pamoja na masimulizi kutoka kwa watoataarifa. Data zilichanganuliwa kwa mkabala wa kitaamuli ambapo mbinu ya uchanganuzi kimada imetumika. Uchanganuzi wa data uliongozwa na misingi ya Nadharia ya Umbo Upeo (1993). Matokeo yanaonesha kwamba Kichasu kina jumla ya miundo kumi na mmoja ya silabi inayokubalika kisarufi. Miundo hiyo ni ya silabi nyepesi na ya silabi nzito.
Matumizi ya Fantasia katika Fasihi ya Kiswahili Yanavyoibua, Kujenga na Kuwasilisha Dhamira
Authors: Mwangosi Gerephace 
Published: January 2025

Makala hii imechunguza namna kipengele cha fantasia katika fasihi ya Kiswahili kinavyoibua, kujenga na kuwasilisha dhamira. Lengo la makala hii ni kuchunguza namna kipengele cha fantasia kinavyotumika kuibua, kujenga na kuwasilisha dhamira katika riwaya ya Kiswahili. Data za msingi zilipatikana katika riwaya teule ya Kusadikika kwa mbinu ya usomaji makini. Nyaraka zilizotumika kufafanua na kuthibitisha data za msingi zilipatikana kwa mbinu ya kielektroniki na kimaktaba. Uchambuzi na mjadala wa data uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Semiotiki. Msingi mkuu wa nadharia hii ni kushughulika na ishara pamoja na uashiriaji katika kazi za fasihi. Matokeo ya utafiti yamewasilishwa kwa mbinu ya kimaelezo. Matokeo yameonesha namna msuko wa fantasia katika kitabu teule unaivyoibua dhamira zinazolenga kuifunza, kuiimarisha na kuiweka jamii pamoja katika misingi imara ya utamaduni, siasa na uchumi. Dhamira zilizoibuliwa zinawasilisha matendo ya msingi ya binadamu yanayojidhihirisha katika nyanja zote za maisha na maendeleo yake. Kwa hiyo, makala hii inapendekeza kuwa utafiti ufanyike zaidi katika tanzu za fasihi simulizi ya Kiswahili kuhusu matumizi ya fantasia yanavyofumbata masuala ya uchumi, siasa, utamaduni, falsafa na itikadi za jamii.
Biyoloji Öğretmen Adaylarının Derslerde Bilim Tarihi Kullanımına Yönelik Algıları
Authors: Bakanay Çiçek Dilek , Güney Burcu Gülay 
Published: January 2025

2007 yılından itibaren biyoloji öğretim programında da etkin bir şekilde yer almaya başlayan bilim tarihi; bireyler ve olayların kronolojik sıralamasını içeren bir ek kaynaktan çok kavramsal, prosedürel ve bağlamsal anlamda pek çok kazanım için kolaylaştırıcı ve etkin bir öğretim yöntemidir. Tüm bu gelişmelere karşın öğretmenler için bilim tarihi oldukça yeni bir alandır. Eğitimde, öğretim programlarında yer alan hedeflerin hayata geçirilmesinde önemli bir öneme sahip olan öğretmenlerin, bilim tarihine olan algıları bu nedenle önem taşımaktadır. Geleceğin biyoloji öğretmenleri olacak öğretmen adaylarının bilim tarihinin derslerde kullanımına yönelik algılarını incelemeyi amaçlayan bu çalışmada, biyoloji öğretmenliği son sınıfında öğretimine devam eden 25 öğretmen adayı ile çalışılmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarının bilim tarihine yönelik algılarını belirlemek için Wang ve Marsh (2002) tarafından geliştirilmiş olan Eğitimde Bilimin Tarihi anketi uygulanmıştır. 13 sorudan oluşan anket 5’li Likert ölçeği kullanmaktadır. Anketten elde edilen veriler SPSS 15 programı ile betimsel analizleri gerçekleştirilmesinin ardından öğretmen adayları ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler ile bilim tarihine yönelik algıları derinlemesine analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler ışığında; biyoloji öğretmen adaylarının bilim tarihini sıklıkla kavramsal amaçlara yönelik kullanım algıları olduğu görülürken öğretimi zenginleştirici ve destekleyici bir kaynak olarak ele aldıkları görülmüştür.
Українська історична наука радянського часу
Authors: Таран Л.В. 
Published: January 2025

У статті-рецензії на книгу О. Яся розглядаються теоретико-методологічні засади функціонування вчених Інституту історії з 1936 по 1986 рр., особливості функціонування установи і принципів її діяльності, розробка радянської концепції історії України, такої, яка б влаштовувала Москву, це історія істориків, їх нелегкі людські долі, складання нової професійної й людської етики в їхньому середовищі.
Інститут історії, його вчені, повинні були після першого з’їзду істориків-марксистів (1929 р.) визнавати єдино науковою методологією історії спрощений вульгаризований марксизм, який зімкнувся із позитивізмом. Це привело до втрати людини як суб’єкта історії і предмета дослідження, так і до спрощеного розуміння проблем епістемології.
Радянська версія марксизму насаджувалася як директивними методами – діяльність Інституту контролювалася ЦК КП(б)У, так і терористичними – шляхом кривавих репресій проти гуманітаріїв України. Доробок дореволюційних істориків був ошельмований, контакти з вченими світу практично були відсутніми. Радянська українська наука історії та інші гуманітарні науки були в стадії застою.
Другою важливою проблемою Інституту історії радянських часів було створення такої концепції історії України, яка б влаштовувала Москву. І ця вульгаризована і спрощена історична концепція була створена і насаджувалася українському народові.
З часів «перебудови» концептуально історія України переглянута. Що стосується її методологічної перебудови проблема залишається, зокрема нагальним є питання розробки цивілізаційної історії України. Нам також необхідна перебудова системи освіти і якісні зрушення у підготовці істориків-дослідників.