bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repair of Orbital Blow‐out Fractures With Nasoseptal Cartilage
Authors: Lai Amy , Gliklich Richard E. , Rubin Peter A.D. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe goals of reconstruction in orbital blow‐out fractures are to restore floor continuity, provide support of orbital contents, and prevent fibrosis of soft tissues. Although ease of use has popularized alloplasts, autogenous material provides greater biocompatibility and results in low rates of infection, extrusion, and migration. Nasoseptal cartilage is an easily accessible, abundant, autogenous source that provides support to the orbital floor and minimal donor site morbidity. Thirteen patients who presented with orbital blow‐out fractures underwent reconstruction with nasoseptal cartilage. Follow‐up at 3 months to 4 years shows one patient with persistent manifest enophthalmos requiring further augmentation. There were no recipient or donor site complications. Nasoseptal cartilage is an underutilized and superior material for reconstruction of orbital blow‐out fractures.
Influence of the Gas Exchange Function Through the Middle Ear Mucosa on the Development of Sniff‐Induced Middle Ear Diseases
Authors: Miura Makoto , Takahashi Haruo , Honjo Iwao , Hasebe Seishi , Tanabe Makito 
Published: November 2003

AbstractTo investigate the influence of gas exchange function through the middle ear mucosa on the development of sniff‐induced middle ear diseases, the authors examined the mastoid pneumatization among patients with sniffing habit using computed tomography, and also examined the change of negative middle ear pressure induced by sniffing using tympanogram. In 20 ears with cholesteatoma or adhesive otitis media, the areas of mastoid cavity measured at the level of the lateral semicircular canal were significantly smaller than those in 26 ears with otitis media with effusion (OME) or attic retraction and in eight normal ears with sniffing habit (P < .01 and P < .0001, respectively). In 26 ears with OME or attic retraction, the areas of mastoid cavity were significantly smaller than those in eight normal ears with sniffing habit (P < .0001). By contrast, in the four ears with sniff‐induced middle ear disease, the recovery of negative middle ear pressure in 5 minutes without swallowing was less than 10 mm H2O, whereas in all seven ears with normal eardrum, negative middle ear pressure recovered by more than 20 mm H2O in 5 minutes. These findings suggested that impairment of gas exchange function through the middle ear mucosa, as well as eustachian tube dysfunction, might be closely related to the development of sniff‐induced middle ear diseases.
Immunotherapy Decreases Seasonal Rise in Serum‐Soluble CD23 in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Ohashi Yoshihiro , Nakai Yoshiaki , Tanaka Ayaki , Kakinoki Yasushi , Ohno Yoshiharu , Masamoto Tateo , Sakamoto Hirokazu , Kato Akifumi , Washio Yushi , Hayashi Motoyo 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThere is increasing in vitro evidence that soluble CD23 (sCD23) is capable of potentiating IgE synthesis, but the in vivo physiologic significance remains to be established. This study investigated the seasonal changes in sCD23 in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. It included 112 adult patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis due to Japanese cedar pollens and 20 nonatopic healthy volunteers. The 64 patients of the pharmacotherapy group were treated with nonsedating antihistamine tablets alone throughout the pollen season and the remaining 48 patients of the immunotherapy group continued to be treated with immunotherapy. Serum concentrations of sCD23 were measured in each patient, before and during the pollen season of 1996, by a sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The serum levels of sCD23 in the pharmacotherapy group before the pollen season were significantly higher than those in the nonatopic group (P = .0130) and those in the immunotherapy group (P = .0316). Seasonal increase in sCD23 was significant in the pharmacotherapy group, irrespective of the clinical response (P < .0001). By contrast, sCD23 was not significantly increased in the good responders to immunotherapy (P = .1826), but was significantly increased in the poor responders to immunotherapy (P = .0052). A significant correlation between seasonal increase in rate in specific IgE and seasonal increase in rate in sCD23 was confirmed in both the pharmacotherapy group (r

s
= 0.321, P = .0107) and the immunotherapy group (r

s
= 0.474, P = .0012). In conclusion, seasonal rise in sCD23 is associated with and is probably involved in seasonal rise in specific IgE in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis, and successful immunotherapy is capable of blunting seasonal increase in sCD23, thus resulting in attenuation of seasonal increase in specific IgE and clinical benefits during the pollen season.
New Laryngeal Muscle Weakness in Post‐Polio Syndrome
Authors: Robinson Lawrence R. , Hillel Allen D. , Waugh Patricia F. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe authors describe the clinical presentations of post‐polio laryngeal muscle weakness in three patients with prior polio infection who presented with new complaints including slowly progressive dyspnea, dysphagia, and/or hoarseness. Evaluations by laryngeal videostroboscopy and electromyography revealed vocal cord abductor and/or adductor weakness, recurrent posterior glottic web in one case, and, in the two patients who agreed to electromyography, evidence of prior denervation and reinnervation in laryngeal muscles. Treatment was directed at attempting to maintain an airway and optimize vocal quality. One patient benefitted from tracheostomy, one benefitted from vocal cord medialization, and one benefitted from resection of interarytenoid scarring. The authors conclude that diagnosis of laryngeal post‐polio syndrome is facilitated by laryngeal electromyography. Interventions directed at maintaining an appropriate airway and optimizing vocal quality may be helpful.
Prognostic Significance of Depth of Invasion in Cancer of the Larynx
Authors: Ylmaz Taner , Hoşal A. Şefik , Gedikoglu Gökhan , Turan Ergin , Ayas Kivanç 
Published: November 2003

AbstractTo determine the prognostic significance of depth of invasion in laryngeal cancer, the depth of invasion of tumor was measured with an ocular micrometer on the laryngectomy specimens of 94 surgically treated patients with T1, T2, and T3 laryngeal cancer and was expressed in millimeters. There was a significant negative correlation between the depth of invasion and disease‐free survival. The tumors with no clinical involvement of regional lymph nodes in neck (N0 neck) had significantly less depth of invasion than those with involvement (N+ neck). The tumors with pathologically confirmed cervical lymph node metastasis had significantly more depth of invasion than those without metastasis. For tumors with a depth of invasion equal to or greater than 3.25 mm, the rate of cervical metastasis in this study has always been significantly higher than for those with a depth of invasion less than 3.25 mm (P< .05). The mean depths of invasion for cases with and without recurrence were not significantly different. According to the multivariate analysis, depth of invasion (P= .047) and patient age (P= .113) significantly affected the disease‐free survival independently. The depth of invasion did not significantly affect the recurrence and the interval between surgery and the development of recurrence (P> .15). The depth of invasion should be measured in every laryngectomy specimen. The depth of invasion influences the cervical metastasis and disease‐free survival significantly but does not affect the recurrence rate. The depth of invasion plays an independent role in determining the disease‐free survival.
Pediatric Temporal Bone Fractures
Authors: Lee Dennis , Honrado Carlo , Har‐El Gady , Goldsmith Ari 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective: To examine the etiology, presentation, and management of temporal bone fractures in children.Study Design: Case control.Method: Retrospective review of a level I pediatric trauma center from July 1, 1990 to November 1, 1996 identified 680 patients. Inclusion criteria of age less than 14 years and only blunt temporal bone trauma identified 122 patients, with 97 charts available for review. The criteria for temporal bone fracture consisted of both clinical and radiologic information. Only patients with temporal bone fractures confirmed by computed tomography, a complete otolaryngology examination, and audiometric evaluations were included in the study. The data were analyzed with the Kruskal‐Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA) for examining the three separate age groups of fractures. Chi‐squared analysis was used to compare these data with previously published adult and pediatric temporal bone fracture series and to examine the three separate age groups of fractures.Results: The review identified 72 children with 79 temporal bone fractures: 47 boys and 25 girls. The patients ranged from 6 months to 14 years of age, with a bimodal distribution of patients with peaks at 3 years and 12 years of age. The most common causes of fractures were motor vehicle accidents (47%), falls (40%), biking accidents (8%), and blows to the head (7%). Common presenting signs and symptoms included hearing loss (82%), hemotympanum (81%), loss of consciousness (63%), intracranial injuries (58%), bloody otorrhea (58%), extremity fractures (8%), and facial nerve weakness (3%). The most common causes of temporal bone fractures were falls and motor vehicle accidents. Forty‐two patients were noted to have bloody otorrhea and possible cerebrospinal fluid leak. Twenty‐four received intravenous antibiotics. No patient developed prolonged otorrhea or meningitis during hospitalization and the follow‐up period. The classification of fracture patterns was longitudinal, 54%; transverse, 6%; oblique, 10%; squamous, 27%; and other, 3%. Hearing loss was found in 59 patients, with conductive hearing loss being the most common finding in 56% of the patients, followed by sensorineural hearing loss in 17% and mixed hearing loss in 10%.Conclusions: Pediatric temporal bone fractures are associated with falls and motor vehicle accidents. There is a high incidence of associated intracranial injuries and hearing loss, but facial nerve injuries are uncommon. Timely management minimizes complications.
Distortion‐Product Otoacoustic Emission Monitoring of Cochlear Blood Flow
Authors: Telischi Fred F. , Stagner Barden , Widick Michael P. , Balkany Thomas J. , Lonsbury‐Martin Brenda L. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractDistortion‐product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) have been shown to be ideally sensitive to interruptions of the cochlear blood flow. However, a 15‐ to 30‐ second latency typically occurs between cessation of circulation and measurable DPOAE level changes. DPOAEs can also be characterized by phase measures. The aim of the present study was to determine in 10 rabbits the effects on DPOAE phase of repetitively compressing the internal auditory artery. In contrast to the delays measured by DPOAE level, phase changes were detected 1 to 5 seconds after internal auditory artery compression. These data suggest that the essentially “real time” monitoring of cochlear function with DPOAE phase can be used to ensure hearing preservation during surgery involving the porus acousticus and skull base.
Supraselective Embolization in Intractable Epistaxis: Review of 45 Cases
Authors: Moreau Sylvain , De Rugy Marc Goullet , Babin Emmanuel , Courtheoux Patrick , Valdazo André 
Published: November 2003

AbstractEpistaxis is a common and in most cases benign event. Severe or recurrent epistaxis, however, can present therapeutic problems. Forty‐five cases of supraselective embolization in intractable epistaxis are reported. The authors' success rate of 97%, similar to the success rates reported in the literature, confirms the effectiveness of this technique. Complications occurred in only 8% of the cases. One serious complication was neurologic. Percutaneous embolization is an effective option for managing intractable posterior nasal bleeding but is not recommended as an early form of treatment.
Postinflammatory Acquired Atresia of the External Auditory Canal: Treatment and Results of Surgery Over 27 Years
Authors: Becker Birgit C. , Tos Mirko 
Published: November 2003

AbstractPostinflammatory, acquired atresia of the external auditory meatus is a relatively rare consequence of chronic otitis media or recurrent external otitis with an annual incidence of 0.6 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Primary and late results after operative treatment of this condition in 53 ears over 27 years are presented. Perioperative findings are described, and an outline of applied surgical technique is given. Six patients had bilateral involvement. The male‐to‐female ratio was 1:2, median age at surgery was 46 years, and the median follow‐up period was 5 years (range, 4 mo to 13 y). In 11% of the cases, recurrent atresia developed. Early operation is recommended, because cholesteatoma behind the atresia was found in 9%. Hearing improvement has been considerable after removal of the atresia with primary closure of airbone gap within 20 dB in 90% of the cases.
Frequent Mutation of p16 in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Lang Jas C. , Tobin Evan J. , Knobloch Tom J. , Schuller David E. , Bartynski Kevin J. , Mountain Rodney E. , Nicholson Roy , DeYoung Barry R. , Weghorst Christopher M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractRNA was isolated from 22 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) obtained from diverse sites within the head and neck and from matched normal tissue where available. Tissue samples were then screened for expression of RNA from tumor suppressor gene p16 by utilizing semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis. p16‐Specific PCR amplification products generated from tumor samples were subject to further analysis by direct DNA sequencing to determine if any tumor sample harbored a p16 mutation. The results show the presence of mutations in 10 of 22 (45%) of the tumor samples. Mutations comprise two identical point mutations, two small deletions (1 bp and 2 bp), one single‐nucleotide insertion, four larger deletions, and an insertion/deletion. No mutations in p16 have been identified by analysis of PCR products generated from normal matched tissue, suggesting that p16 alterations are generated by somatic mutation and are not germline in origin. All 22 samples were analyzed additionally by immunohistochemistry for nuclear expression of the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor gene product. Results show lack of RB nuclear expression in only one sample, suggesting that mutation of RB is an infrequent event in the development of SCC of the head and neck (SCCHN).
Efficacy of DHE photodynamic therapy for respiratory papillomatosis: immediate and long‐term results
Authors: Shikowitz Mark J. , Abramson Allan L. , Freeman Katherine , Steinberg Bettie M. , Nouri May 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a potentially life‐threatening disease that affects both children and adults and can result in complete respiratory obstruction. Conventional therapies cannot prevent multiple recurrences. The authors have been evaluating photodynamic therapy (PDT) to treat this disease since 1988. This study compared the efficacy of PDT with dihematoporphyrinether (DHE) with traditional therapy. Study Design: This was a randomized prospective trial of DHE‐PDT. Patients were randomly assigned to receive one of two doses of DHE—3.25 mg/kg or 4.25 mg/kg body weight. They were compared with a concurrent control group. Disease extent was evaluated by direct laryngoscopy before treatment and over a 1‐year period following treatment. Results were also compared with two historical cohorts of patients treated with lower doses of DHE. Methods: Eighty‐one patients, ages 4 to 74 years, with moderate to severe recurrent disease were enrolled. Forty‐eight received PDT and 33 in the control group were treated with conventional therapy. Both PDT groups received 50 J laser light to activate the drug. Patients received an intravenous infusion of DHE as outpatients 48 to 72 hours before treatment. During direct laryngoscopy, light (630 nm) was delivered by an argon‐pumped dye laser. Tissue biopsies were analyzed for presence of human papillomavirus (HPV). Results: There was notable improvement with either drug dose over the first year. Those receiving 4.25 mg/kg DHE experienced a significantly larger decrease in papilloma growth rate. Three‐year follow‐up of a subset of patients confirmed that improvement was maintained. There was no impact of DHE‐PDT on persistence of HPV DNA. Conclusion: This therapy holds promise for the treatment of laryngeal papillomas.
Mastoid size and otitis media with effusion: Question of correlation
Authors: Ng Matthew , Linthicum Fred H. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: To determine the incidence of otitis media (OME) with effusion on histologic examination in temporal bones with mastoid cavities reduced by the fenestration procedure for otosclerosis. Study Design: Temporal bone histologic study. Methods: Light‐microscopic examination of serially sectioned temporal bones. Results: The incidence of otitis media with effusion in temporal bones with prior fenestration operation was not any more frequent than the control group of temporal bones with surgically unaltered mastoid cavity. Conclusions: There is no increased incidence of otitis media with effusion in temporal bones with prior fenestration operation.
Anatomy and vascular perfusion territories of the superior thyroid artery in macaca mulatta
Authors: Pearl Adam W. , Gannon Patrick J. , Urken Mark L. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective: Currently, methods used to repair long segment tracheal stenosis are unreliable. Here, a new nonhuman primate model of tracheal transplantation is used based on its evolutionary proximity to humans. Study Design: Prospective dye perfusion study in Macaca mulatta. Methods: After anatomical characterization, Evan's blue solution was injected into the right superior thyroid artery unilaterally (n = 5). Staining of the tracheal vasculature was then examined. Results: In M mulatta, the superior thyroid artery branched from the lingual‐facial trunk and was 0.64 ± 0.18 mm in diameter. Dye staining was bilateral, with the ipsilateral side extending to 2.98 ± 0.58 cm and the contralateral to 2.88 ± 0.88 cm, 12.9 ± 3.45 rings (47% of trachea). Conclusions: The tracheal vasculature has extensive bilateral collateral vascular channels that may provide a graft survival advantage. Macaques may serve as a good model of tracheal transplantation because of the collateral vascularization of the trachea and the extensive tracheal segment supplied by the superior thyroid artery, and because the superior thyroid artery and vein are anastomosable.
Human papillomavirus and risk of oral cancer
Authors: Smith Elaine M. , Hoffman Henry T. , Summersgill Kurt S. , Kirchner H. Lester , Turek Lubomir P. , Haugen Thomas H. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAlthough human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted virus, is established as a necessary cause for more than 95% of cervical carcinomas, the association with oral squamous cell carcinoma is less well delineated. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and types of HPV in squamous cells of a group of patients with newly diagnosed oral or pharyngeal cancer (n = 93) compared with an age‐and gender‐frequency‐matched control group of patients with no history of oral cancer (n = 205). HPV was evaluated from a mouth rinse collection of cells in the oral cavity and tested by 32P‐labeled HPV generic probes and DNA sequencing for HPV types. HPV was identified in 15% of the oral cancer cases but in fewer than 5% of the controls (P < .05). The risk of cancer associated with HPV infection was independent of tobacco and alcohol use (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 3.70; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47–9.32; P < .05). HPV types included similar and other types not identified previously in the genital tract. There was no statistically significant increased risk of cancer among former tobacco users (former vs. never users: adjusted OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.31–1.44, P < .05), but the risk was significantly increased for current users (current vs. never: adjusted OR = 2.63; 95% CI: 1.22–5.71; P < .05). Likewise, former alcohol users were not at increased risk of disease (former vs. never: adjusted OR = 1.78; 95% CI: 0.87–3.67), whereas current alcohol users were (current vs. never: adjusted OR = 2.57; 95% CI: 1.22–5.42; P < .05). HPV‐related genital lesions (14.3% vs. 10.6%), oral‐genital sexual behavior (42.4% vs. 45.2%), and number (11 or more) of sexual partners (23% v. 17%) were not significantly different between cases and controls. These data suggest that in addition to tobacco and alcohol, HPV plays a role in the development of oral cancer.
Stability of the cochlear implant array in children
Authors: Roland J. Thomas , Fishman Andrew J. , Waltzman Susan B. , Alexiades George , Hoffman Ronald A. , Cohen Noel L. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective: To determine cochlear implant electrode stability in the young patient. Electrode migration due to future skull growth was a concern that led to prohibiting implantation in children less than 2 years of age. Recently, the high level of performance achieved by young implantees has led to a re‐evaluation of this lower age limit, requiring an assessment of the effects of skull growth over time. Study Design: Prospective radiographic analysis of electrode position of cochlear implants in young children. Methods: Twenty‐seven children implanted with the Nucleus (Cochlear Corp., Denver, CO) or Clarion (Advanced Bionics Inc., Sylmar, CA) multichannel cochlear prostheses were subjects for this study. Follow‐up radiographic studies were obtained for a period of 1 month to 5 years after implantation. The age at time of implantation ranged from 14 months to 5 years. An intraoperative modified Stenver's view plain radiograph was obtained as a baseline. After implantation, on a yearly basis transorbital Stenver's and base views were obtained for comparative purposes. Additional radiographs were obtained whenever a change in performance or electrode map caused suspicion for extrusion. Electrode position was determined using a computer graphics enhancement technique whereby image contrast filters enhanced the visibility of the electrode array and surrounding bony structures. Results: An analysis of the data revealed no migration of the electrode array over time. Conclusions: The confirmation of the stability of the electrode array alleviates the concern of the effects of skull growth on cochlear implantation in young children.