bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photodynamic Effects of Novel XF Porphyrin Derivatives on Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Authors: Maisch T. , Bosl C. , Szeimies R.-M. , Lehn N. , Abels C. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

The worldwide rise in the rates of antibiotic resistance of bacteria underlines the need for alternative antibacterial agents. A promising approach to the killing of gram-positive antibiotic-resistant bacteria of the skin uses light in combination with a photosensitizer to induce a phototoxic reaction. Different concentrations (0 to 100 μM) of porphyrin-based photosensitizers (CTP1, XF70, and XF73) and different incubation times (5 min, 1 h, and 4 h) were used to determine phototoxicity against two methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
strains, one methicillin-sensitive
S. aureus
strain, one methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus epidermidis
strain, one
Escherichia coli
strain, and human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Incubation with 0.005 μM XF70 or XF73, followed by illumination, yielded a 3-log
10
(≥99.9%) decrease in the viable cell numbers of all staphylococcal strains, indicating that the XF drugs have high degrees of potency against gram-positive bacteria and also that the activities of these novel drugs are independent of the antibiotic resistance pattern of the staphylococci examined. CTP1 was less potent against the staphylococci under the same conditions. At 0.005 μM, XF70 and XF73 demonstrated no toxicity toward fibroblasts or keratinocytes. No inactivation of
E. coli
was detected at this concentration. XF73 was confirmed to act via a reactive oxygen species from the results of studies with sodium azide (a quencher of singlet oxygen), which reduced the killing of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. When a quencher of superoxide anion and the hydroxyl radical was used, cell killing was not inhibited. These results demonstrate that the porphyrin-based photosensitizers had concentration-dependent differences in their efficacies of killing of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal strains via reactive oxygen species without harming eukaryotic cells at the same concentrations.
Penicillin-Binding Proteins in the Pathogenic Intestinal Spirochete
Brachyspira pilosicoli
Authors: Dassanayake Rohana P. , Sarath Gautam , Duhamel Gerald E. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of slightly different molecular masses (94, 62 or 68, 42 or 50, 25, and 22 kDa) were identified in one human and two porcine
Brachyspira pilosicoli
strains. Identification of PBPs of
B. pilosicoli
provides a basis for characterization of the genes encoding these proteins among pathogenic intestinal spirochetes of humans and animals.
Early Selection of a New UL97 Mutant with a Severe Defect of Ganciclovir Phosphorylation after Valaciclovir Prophylaxis and Short-Term Ganciclovir Therapy in a Renal Transplant Recipient
Authors: Hantz Sébastien , Michel Detlef , Fillet Anne-Marie , Guigonis Vincent , Champier Gaël , Mazeron Marie-Christine , Bensman Albert , Denis François , Mertens Thomas , Dehee Axelle , Alain Sophie 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

We describe the emergence of a new ganciclovir resistance mutation in the
UL97
gene of human cytomegalovirus, deletion of codon 601, after valaciclovir and short-term ganciclovir therapy following kidney transplantation. Its role in ganciclovir resistance was supported by decreased ganciclovir phosphorylation in a recombinant vaccinia virus system.
Different Rifampin Sensitivities of
Escherichia coli
and
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
RNA Polymerases Are Not Explained by the Difference in the β-Subunit Rifampin Regions I and II
Authors: Zenkin N. , Kulbachinskiy A. , Bass I. , Nikiforov V. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
RNA polymerase is 1,000-fold more sensitive to rifampin than
Escherichia coli
RNA polymerase. Chimeric
E. coli
RNA polymerase in which the β-subunit segment encompassing rifampin regions I and II (amino acids [aa] 463 through 590) was replaced with the corresponding region from
M. tuberculosis
(aa 382 through 509) did not show an increased sensitivity to the antibiotic. Thus, the difference in amino acid sequence between the rifampin regions I and II of the two species does not account for the difference in rifampin sensitivity of the two polymerases.
Synergistic Activities of Fluconazole and Voriconazole with Terbinafine against Four
Candida
Species Determined by Checkerboard, Time-Kill, and Etest Methods
Authors: Cantón Emilia , Pemán Javier , Gobernado Miguel , Viudes Angel , Espinel-Ingroff Ana 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

The in vitro activities of fluconazole or voriconazole plus terbinafine were evaluated against 20
Candida
isolates by the checkerboard, time-kill, and Etest methods. Synergism (
C. albicans
,
C. glabrata
, and
C. tropicalis
) and indifference (
C. krusei
) were observed. Correlation among methods was good. The Etest is a suitable method to determine drug interactions.
Antifungal Activity of Flocculosin, a Novel Glycolipid Isolated from
Pseudozyma flocculosa
Authors: Mimee Benjamin , Labbé Caroline , Pelletier René , Bélanger Richard R. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

Flocculosin, a glycolipid isolated from the yeast-like fungus
Pseudozyma flocculosa
, was investigated for in vitro antifungal activity. The compound displayed antifungal properties against several pathogenic yeasts. Synergistic activity was observed between flocculosin and amphotericin B, and no significant cytotoxicity was demonstrated when tested against human cell lines.
Impact of Clarithromycin Resistance on Eradication of
Helicobacter pylori
in Infected Adults
Authors: Lee Jong Hwa , Shin Ji-Hyun , Roe Im Hwan , Sohn Seung Ghyu , Lee Jung Hun , Kang Geun Ho , Lee Han-Ki , Jeong Byeong Chul , Lee Sang Hee 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

The outcome of
Helicobacter pylori
infection was analyzed in 114 dyspeptic patients treated with triple-drug therapy including clarithromycin. Clarithromycin resistance (in 20.2% of our isolates) was mainly caused by an A2142G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene of
H
.
pylori
.
H
.
pylori
eradication was obtained in all patients with clarithromycin-susceptible isolates but not in any patients with clarithromycin-resistant isolates (
P
= 0.0001). Therefore, it would be useful to conduct
H
.
pylori
antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the first gastric biopsy culture before choosing the first three drugs for therapy of infected patients.
Secretion of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines during Amphotericin B Exposure Is Mediated by Coactivation of Toll-Like Receptors 1 and 2
Authors: Razonable Raymund R. , Henault Martin , Lee Linda N. , Laethem Carmen , Johnston Paul A. , Watson Harold L. , Paya Carlos V. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT
Amphotericin B (AmB) is a ligand of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Here, we demonstrate the participation of TLR1 in AmB-induced cell activation that led to the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-8. Hence, TLR2-TLR1 coactivation serves as the underlying mechanism for the proinflammatory toxicities associated with AmB.
Pharmacokinetics of Oral Doxycycline during Combination Treatment of Severe Falciparum Malaria
Authors: Newton Paul N. , Chaulet Jean-François , Brockman Alan , Chierakul Wirongrong , Dondorp Arjen , Ruangveerayuth Ronatrai , Looareesuwan Sornchai , Mounier Cyril , White Nicholas J. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

The pharmacokinetics of oral doxycycline administered at 200 mg every 24 h were investigated in 17 patients recovering from severe
Plasmodium falciparum
malaria. The data suggest that the doses of doxycycline currently recommended (circa 3.5 mg/kg of body weight daily) may not be optimal.
Pharmacokinetic Profile of Tigecycline in Serum and Skin Blister Fluid of Healthy Subjects after Multiple Intravenous Administrations
Authors: Sun Heather K. , Ong Christine T. , Umer Ambreen , Harper Dawn , Troy Steven , Nightingale Charles H. , Nicolau David P. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT
The pharmacokinetics of tigecycline, when given as a 100-mg loading dose followed by 50 mg every 12 h, were determined in serum and blister fluid. The peak tigecycline concentration and half-life in serum were greater than those in blister fluid. Tigecycline penetrates into blister fluid well, with a mean penetration rate of 74%.
Mutant Prevention Concentrations of ABT-492, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, and Gatifloxacin against Three Common Respiratory Pathogens
Authors: Hermsen Elizabeth D. , Hovde Laurie B. , Konstantinides George N. , Rotschafer John C. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to compare the mutant prevention concentration (MPC) of ABT-492 to those of levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin against
Streptococcus pneumoniae
,
Haemophilus influenzae
, and
Moraxella catarrhalis
. The fluoroquinolones had comparable mutation selection windows, which is the ratio of MPC/MIC, for all isolates.
Levofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin Decrease Procainamide andN-Acetylprocainamide Renal Clearances
Authors: Bauer Larry A. , Black Douglas J. , Lill Jennifer S. , Garrison Julie , Raisys Vidmantas A. , Hooton Thomas M. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTTen healthy adults participated in a randomized, crossover drug interaction study testing procainamide only, procainamide plus levofloxacin, and procainamide plus ciprofloxacin. During levofloxacin therapy, most procainamide andN-acetylprocainamide (NAPA) pharmacokinetic parameters, including decreased renal clearances and renal clearance/creatinine clearance ratios, changed (P< 0.05). During ciprofloxacin treatment, only procainamide and NAPA renal clearances decreased significantly.
In Vitro and In Vivo Cytotoxicities and Antileishmanial Activities of Thymol and Hemisynthetic Derivatives
Authors: Robledo Sara , Osorio Edison , Muñoz Diana , Jaramillo Luz Marina , Restrepo Adriana , Arango Gabriel , Vélez Iván 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT
The in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities of thymol and structural derivatives in comparison to those of Glucantime were studied. The results showed here suggest that thymol and hemisynthetic derivatives have promising antileishmanial potential and could be considered as new lead structures in the search for novel antileishmanial drugs.
Injuries in women’s professional soccer
Authors: Giza E , Mithöfer K , Farrell L , Zarins B , Gill T 
Published: March 2005

Objective:The injury data from the first two seasons of the Women’s United Soccer Association (WUSA) were analysed to determine the injury incidence, anatomic location of injuries, and relation of player position.Methods:Injury data on 202 players from eight teams during the first two seasons of the WUSA were prospectively collected and analysed.Results:A total of 173 injuries occurred in 110 players with an overall injury incidence rate of 1.93 injuries per 1000 player hours. The incidence of injury during practice and games was 1.17 and 12.63 per 1000 player hours, respectively. Of the injuries 82% were acute and 16% were chronic. Most of the injuries (60%) were located in the lower extremities. Strains (30.7%), sprains (19.1%), contusions (16.2%), and fractures (11.6%) were the most common diagnoses and the knee (31.8%) and head (10.9%) were the most common sites of injury. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries accounted for 4.6% of all injuries and the incidence of ACL tears was 0.09 per 1000 player hours (practice 0.04, game 0.90). Midfielders suffered the most injuries (p<0.007).Conclusion:We conclude that the injury incidence in the WUSA is lower than the 6.2 injuries per 1000 player hours found in the corresponding male professional league (Major League Soccer); however, knee injuries predominate even in these elite female athletes.
Educational inequalities in smoking among men and women aged 16 years and older in 11 European countries
Authors: Huisman M , Kunst A E , Mackenbach J P 
Published: March 2005

Objective:To determine those groups who are at increased risk of smoking related diseases, we assessed in which male and female generations smoking was more prevalent among lower educated groups than among the higher educated, in 11 European countries.Design:Cross sectional analysis of data on smoking, covering the year 1998, from a social survey designed for all member states of the European Union.Subjects:Higher and lower educated men and women aged 16 years and older from 11 member states of the European Union.Outcome measures:Age standardised prevalence rates by education and prevalence odds ratios of current and ever daily smoking comparing lower educated groups with higher educated groups.Results:A north–south gradient in educational inequalities in current and ever daily smoking was observed for women older than 24 years, showing larger inequalities in the northern countries. Such a gradient was not observed for men. A disadvantage for the lower educated in terms of smoking generally occurred later among women than among men. Indications of inequalities in smoking in the age group 16–24 years were observed for all countries, with the exception of women from Greece and Portugal.Conclusions:Preventing and reducing smoking among lower educated subgroups should be a priority of policies aiming to reduce inequalities in health in Europe. If steps are not taken to control tobacco use among the lower educated groups specifically, inequalities in lung cancer and other smoking related diseases should be anticipated in all populations of the European Union, and both sexes.
Higher cigarette prices influence cigarette purchase patterns
Authors: Hyland A , Bauer J E , Li Q , Abrams S M , Higbee C , Peppone L , Cummings K M 
Published: March 2005

Objective:To examine cigarette purchasing patterns of current smokers and to determine the effects of cigarette price on use of cheaper sources, discount/generic cigarettes, and coupons.Background:Higher cigarette prices result in decreased cigarette consumption, but price sensitive smokers may seek lower priced or tax-free cigarette sources, especially if they are readily available. This price avoidance behaviour costs states excise tax money and dampens the health impact of higher cigarette prices.Methods:Telephone survey data from 3602 US smokers who were originally in the COMMIT (community intervention trial for smoking cessation) study were analysed to assess cigarette purchase patterns, use of discount/generic cigarettes, and use of coupons.Results:59% reported engaging in a high price avoidance strategy, including 34% who regularly purchase from a low or untaxed venue, 28% who smoke a discount/generic cigarette brand, and 18% who report using cigarette coupons more frequently that they did five years ago. The report of engaging in a price avoidance strategy was associated with living within 40 miles of a state or Indian reservation with lower cigarette excise taxes, higher average cigarette consumption, white, non-Hispanic race/ethnicity, and female sex.Conclusion:Data from this study indicate that most smokers are price sensitive and seek out measures to purchase less expensive cigarettes, which may decrease future cessation efforts.
Emotions for sale: cigarette advertising and women’s psychosocial needs
Authors: Anderson S J , Glantz S A , Ling P M 
Published: March 2005

Objective:To explore messages of psychosocial needs satisfaction in cigarette advertising targeting women and implications for tobacco control policy.Methods:Analysis of internal tobacco industry documents and public advertising collections.Results:Tobacco industry market research attempted to identify the psychosocial needs of different groups of women, and cigarette advertising campaigns for brands that women smoke explicitly aimed to position cigarettes as capable of satisfying these needs. Such positioning can be accomplished with advertising that downplays or excludes smoking imagery. As women’s needs change with age and over time, advertisements were developed to reflect the needs encountered at different stages in women’s lives. Cigarette brands for younger women stressed female camaraderie, self confidence, freedom, and independence; cigarette brands for older women addressed needs for pleasure, relaxation, social acceptability, and escape from daily stresses.Conclusions:Psychosocial needs satisfaction can be communicated without reference to cigarettes or smoking. This may explain why partial advertising bans are ineffective and comprehensive bans on all forms of tobacco marketing are effective. Counter-advertising should attempt to expose and undermine the needs satisfaction messages of cigarette advertising campaigns directed at women.
Interaction between clay minerals and hydrocarbon-utilizing indigenous microorganisms in high concentrations of heavy oil: implications for bioremediation
Authors: Khodijah Chaerun Siti , Tazaki Kazue , Asada Ryuji , Kogure Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis study focused on whether the presence of clay minerals (montmorillonite and kaolinite) in marine or coastal environments contaminated with high concentrations of heavy-oil spills were able to support the growth of hydrocarbon degraders to enable bioremediation. The bacterial growth experiment utilizing ~150 g/l of heavy oil (from theNakhodkaoil spill) was conducted with 1500 mg/l of montmorillonite or kaolinite. Bacterial strainPseudomonas aeruginosa(isolated from Atake seashore, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan), capable of degrading heavy oil, was employed in combination with other hydrocarbon degraders inhabiting the heavy oil and seawater (collected from the Sea of Japan). The interactions among microbial cells, clay minerals and heavy oil were studied. Both clays were capable of promoting microbial growth and allowed microorganisms to proliferate (to a greater degree than in a control sample which contained no clay) in an extremely high concentration of heavy oil. Observation by transmission electron microscopy of the clay-oil-cell complexes showed that microbial cells tended to be bound primarily on the edges of the clays. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the clay-oil and clay-oil-cell complexes involved the adsorption of microbial cells and/or heavy oil on the external surfaces of the clays. How do the interactions among clay minerals, microbial cells and heavy oil contribute to environmental factors influencing the bioremediation process? To our knowledge, there are no previous reports on the use of clay minerals in the bioremediation of theNakhodkaoil spill in combination with biofilm formation.
Activation mutations of human c-KIT resistant to imatinib mesylate are sensitive to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor PKC412
Authors: Growney Joseph D. , Clark Jennifer J. , Adelsperger Jennifer , Stone Richard , Fabbro Doriano , Griffin James D. , Gilliland D. Gary 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Constitutively activated forms of the transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase c-KIT have been associated with systemic mast cell disease, acute myeloid leukemia, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Reports of the resistance of the kinase domain mutation D816V to the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-competitive kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate prompted us to characterize 14 c-KIT mutations reported in association with human hematologic malignancies for transforming activity in the murine hematopoietic cell line Ba/F3 and for sensitivity to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor PKC412. Ten of 14 c-KIT mutations conferred interleukin 3 (IL-3)-independent growth. c-KIT D816Y and D816V transformed cells were sensitive to PKC412 despite resistance to imatinib mesylate. In these cells, PKC412, but not imatinib mesylate, inhibited autophosphorylation of c-KIT and activation of downstream effectors signal transducer and transcriptional activator 5 (Stat5) and Stat3. Variable sensitivities to PKC412 or imatinib mesylate were observed among other mutants. These findings suggest that PKC412 may be a useful therapeutic agent for c-KIT-positive malignancies harboring the imatinib mesylate-resistant D816V or D816Y activation mutations. (Blood. 2005;106:721-724)
Hyperosmotic stimulus induces reversible angiogenesis within the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei of the adult rat: a potential role for neuronal vascular endothelial growth factor
Authors: Alonso Gérard , Galibert Evelyne , Duvoid-Guillou Anne , Vincent Anne 
Published: March 2005

Abstract

Background
In mammals, the CNS vasculature is established during the postnatal period via active angiogenesis, providing different brain regions with capillary networks of various densities that locally supply adapted metabolic support to neurons. Thereafter this vasculature remains essentially quiescent excepted for specific pathologies. In the adult rat hypothalamus, a particularly dense network of capillary vessels is associated with the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei containing the magnocellular neurons secreting vasopressin and oxytocin, two neurohormones involved in the control of the body fluid homoeostasis. In the seventies, it was reported that proliferation of astrocytes and endothelial cells occurs within these hypothalamic nuclei when strong metabolic activation of the vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurons was induced by prolonged hyperosmotic stimulation. The aim of the present study was to determine whether such proliferative response to osmotic stimulus is related to local angiogenesis and to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved.

Results
Our results provide evidence that cell proliferation occurring within the SON of osmotically stimulated adult rats corresponds to local angiogenesis. We show that 1) a large majority of the SON proliferative cells is associated with capillary vessels, 2) this proliferative response correlates with a progressive increase in density of the capillary network within the nucleus, and 3) SON capillary vessels exhibit an increased expression of nestin and vimentin, two markers of newly formed vessels. Contrasting with most adult CNS neurons, hypothalamic magnocellular neurons were found to express vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic factor whose production was increased by osmotic stimulus. When VEGF was inhibited by dexamethasone treatment or by the local application of a blocking antibody, the angiogenic response was strongly inhibited within the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei of hyperosmotically stimulated rats.

Conclusion
This study shows that the functional stimulation of hypothalamic magnocellular neurons of adult rats induces reversible angiogenesis via the local secretion of neuronal VEGF. Since many diseases are driven by unregulated angiogenesis, the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei should provide an interesting model to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of angiogenesis processes within the adult CNS.