bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Tillage Systems and Herbicide Type on the Growth and Yield of Wheat and the Growth Parameters of Associated Weeds
Authors: Safi Hussain A. , Ramadhan Marwan N. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The investigation was placed in the Al-Ghamij region, which is located north of Basrah in Iraq, in silty-clay soil. Three tillage systems were used in the study: conventional tillage with a moldboard plow, reduced-tillage with a disc harrow, and the no-till system. Additionally, three herbicides were used: Chevalier (300 g ha-1), Granstar (15-20 g ha-1), and Topic (0.75 l ha-1) to control weed growth. According to the RCBD design, using split plots, with the main plots devoted to tillage techniques and the split plots to herbicide. The results showed the significant superiority of the reduced-tillage system by the disc harrow, with the fewest weeds per square meter, the fewest weeds dry weight per square meter, the tallest plants, the most tillers per square meter, the most spikes per square meter, the most grain yield, and the most biological yield totaling (48.7 plants m-2, 3.82g m-2, 81.67 cm, 370.78 tiller m-2, 344.4 spike m-2,4519.00 kg ha-1, and 10340.00 kg ha-1), compared to no-till and reduced-tillage methods, conventional tillage using a moldboard plow resulted in the highest number of weeds, the highest dry weight of the weeds, the shortest plant, the fewest tillers per square meter, the fewest spikes per square meter, the smallest grain and biological yield (105.3 plants m-2, 10.20 g m-2, 78.33 cm, 310.22 tiller m-2, 264.9 spike m-2, 3296.00 kg ha-1, and 9985.00 kg ha-1). The results of the study demonstrated the significant superiority of the Chevalier herbicide as it exhibited lower dry weight of weeds per square meter, the highest plant, more tillers and spikes per square meter, and the highest biological yield (4.49 g m-2, 82.33 cm, 347.89 tiller m-2, 309.7 spike m-2 and 10301.00 kg ha-1) respectively,. On the other hand, the Topic herbicide displayed the highest weeds dry weight, shortest plants, the lowest number of tillers and spikes, and the lowest biological yield (8.87 g m-2, 78.00 cm, 326.11 tiller m-2, 297.7 spike m-2 and 10023.00 kg ha-1).
Effect of Water Stress and Selenium Spraying on Vegetative and Yield Indicators of Garlic Allium sativum L.
Authors: Al-Salami Muhammad Obaid Ghazai , Alhasnawi Nasser Jubair Radhi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field trial was carried out at the research station of the Faculty of Agriculture - University of Kufa, Iraq, during the growing season in September 2022 to evaluate the effect of water stress and spraying with selenium on the growth and yield of garlic. Three irrigation levels (100%, 80%, and 60%) of the water required for garlic and three concentrations of selenium (0, 10, and 20) mg.L-1. A strip-plot system was set up within a randomized complete block design with three replicates, where irrigation levels were placed in the main plots and selenium concentrations were designated in the subplots. Plant height, number of leaves, total chlorophyll content, shoot dry weight, number of cloves, bulb weight, and bulb yield were recorded as the agro-physiological traits. Furthermore, analysis of variance exhibited significant differences between both factors and their interactions for all traits measured. The results showed significant differences in all the aforementioned traits when irrigation levels were reduced from 100% to 60% of the water requirement. Spraying selenium at 20 mg.L-1 achieved the highest values in most of the above-mentioned characteristics in comparison with the absolute control, which gave the lowest values. The interaction treatment (100% watering + 20 mg.L-1 selenium) provided the highest mean for plant height, number of leaves, number of cloves, bulb weight, and yield compared with the other treatments.
Response of Bread Wheat Cultivars to Deficient Irrigation: a Morphological and Molecular Study
Authors: Al-Ghizzi Shams Yousif Ali , Al-Burki Fouad Razzaq 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
During the agricultural season of 2022-2023, a field experiment was conducted at the second agricultural experiment station of the College of Agriculture - Al-Muthanna University in the Al-Bandar area (3 km from the city center) to study the molecular and phenotypic response of bread wheat cultivars to the effect of incomplete irrigation. An experiment was conducted using the Randomised Complete Block Design with split plots and three replications, the primary plots included the deficient irrigation factor, coded: D1 control, D2 tillering stage, D3 elongation stage, and D4 booting stage, while the secondary plots included cultivars and were coded V1 Mawada, V2 Bohuth22, V3 Baraka, and V4 IBAA99. The statistical analysis revealed that there were significant differences between the water stress stages. The D1 treatment produced superior spike length (13.17) cm. Regarding cultivars, the cultivar Baraka excelled in the majority of field characteristics, including spike length (17.09) cm, leaf area (42.33) cm2, number of grains per spike (67.78) grains spike-1 and grain weight (61.02) g. While the cultivar Mawadah excelled in the number of days up to 50% flowering (88.50), plant height (93.17), and spike m-2 yield (364.4), the cultivar IPA99 excelled in the number of spikes (364.4). Regarding the interpenetrate, it had a significant effect on the majority of the traits, as treatment D1V2 excelled in the number of spikes (396.7) spike m-2, while treatment D1V3 excelled in the number of grains per spike (76.11) grains spike-1 and treatment D1V4 excelled in grain yield (7.30) ton ha-1. The combination D4V1 was also superior in terms of the number of spikes m-2 (408.3). The D4V4 treatment produced a superior grain yield (8.54) ton ha-1. The results of the molecular analysis by ISSR-PCR technique indicated that the primer (HB13) had 33 bands, and the primer (HB14) had 40 bands. Electrophoresis on agarose gel revealed that the primer (HB15) recorded the highest number of bands with 57 bands, 41 differentiated and 16 common, representing the main binding sites.
Analysis of Genetic Architecture for Ten Genotypes of Bread Wheat Using Half Diallel Crosses Under Nitrogen Stress
Authors: Hassan Muhammed K. , Al-Jubouri Jasim M. Aziz 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study included 10 genotypes of bread wheat are M45, Yakora, Giza168, Sids 12, SK95, Misr2, Giemiza 9, Sahel 1, Sids14, and Silano. The genotypes (parents and F1 crosses) were cultivated at the research station of the Department of Field Crops of the College of Agriculture at the University of Kirkuk, during the season (2021-2022) in two separate experiments on sufficiency and insufficiency of the nitrogen element using a Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) and with three replications, to estimate the general and specific combining ability, gene action and some genetic parameters. The results of the statistical and genetic analysis showed that there are highly significant differences for the general and specific combining ability values and that the ratio of the combining ability variance components to the specific combining ability variance components was less than the one for nitrogen sufficiency and insufficiency for all the studied traits. Sids14 variety excelled in its desirable effects of general combining ability, followed by Sr. (Sids12). The hybrid (M45 × Sids14) had the highest desired values for the effects of the special combining ability at nitrogen levels for all the traits studied, followed by the cross (Sahel 1 × Sids 12) also for all the traits studied except for The number of spikes plant-1 when there was insufficient nitrogen. The heritability broad sense was high with sufficient and insufficient nitrogen, while heritability narrow sense was high with sufficient nitrogen in the number of grains spike-1 and grains yield plant-1 (gm) and medium in The number of spikes plant-1 and the weight 1000 grains (gm) and the biological yield in the insufficient amount of the nitrogen element, the heritability narrow sense was medium in all studied traits. The average degree of dominance was greater than one when nitrogen was sufficient and insufficient, which indicates the existence of Over dominance, and the expected genetic advance as a percentage was low except for the number of grains spike-1 when nitrogen was sufficient and the grains yield plant-1 (gm) when nitrogen was insufficient, as it was medium. (11.908 and 12.250), respectively, these parents that are superior in the general combining ability with high phenotypic significance can be included in wheat breeding programs to produce hybrids that are superior in the specific combining ability that can be invested in the following generations with in the breeding programs to reach the best promising varieties with future nitrogen insufficiency.
Genotype × Environment Interaction for Genotype Cotton Upland Gossypium hirsutum L.
Authors: Sarteb Mahasty Mlko , Mohammed Mohammed Ibrahim 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in the summer of 2022 at the Agricultural Research Station / Daquq site, using six upland cotton genotypes (Lachata, Coker 310, pack coat, Spiro, Montana, and IK259), three levels of potassium sulfate fertilizer (0, 100, and 200) kg.h-1, and two distances between the lines (40 and 60) cm, to study growth, yield, its components, and qualitative traits. We conclude that the genotype Spiro was stable in terms of the number of fruiting branches, while the genotype Coker 310 was more stable in terms of plant height and span length at 2.5%, and the genotypes IK259 were more stable in terms of the number of bolls per plant, the index lint, and the index of uniformity, and the two genotypes Lachata and Coker 310 in terms of boll weight. Cocker 310 and Spiro genotypes were more stable in seed cotton yield per plant and uniformity index, Spiro and Montana genotypes in ginning outturn, and Lachata and Spiro genotypes in seed index, while Lachata genotype was more stable in staple length at 50% and staple strength.
Response of Yield Traits and its Components to Nano-Fertilization in Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Hussein Saeed Ismail , Ahmed Khalid Khalil 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in the Bani Magan area belonging to the Directorate of Agriculture of Chamchamal and affiliated to the General Directorate of Agriculture of Sulaymaniyah, to study the effect of spraying three levels of nano-fertilizer NPK on the growth, yield and quality traits of seven genotypes of yellow corn during autumn season 2022, Using a split-plot design according to a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates, the main plots included the levels of NPK nanofertilizer (0, 2, and 4 g.L-1), foliar spray, While the sub-plots included the genotypes of corn (SAGUNTO, Erbil 215481, Jameson, BAHIA, Yugoslavia, Babylon, and DKC 6664), the following results were obtained:The concentration of 4g L-1 of the NPK nano-compound fertilizer was significantly excelled in the traits of cob length (cm) and the number of grains per cob (grain.cob-1), The total grain yield was (ton.ha-1), and the two genotypes (Sangunto and Erbil 215481) were superior in cob length (cm) and the two genotypes (Erbil 215481 and DKC6664) in the number of grains per cob (grain.cob-1) and the genotype (Yugoslavian) in weight 100 grain (g)and the two genotypes (Erbil 215481 and DKC6664) in total grain yield (ton.ha-1). The effect of the interaction between the level of fertilizer 4g.l-1 with the genotype (Sangunto) on cob length (cm) and the level of fertilizer 4g.l-1 with the genotypes (Sangunto and Erbil 215481 and DKC6664)In the number of grains per cob and the level of fertilizer 2 and 4 g.l-1 with the genotype (Yugoslavian) in the trait weight of 100 grains (g), and the level of fertilizer 4g.l-1 with the genotype (Erbil 215481) in the total grain yield (ton.ha-1).
Effect of Spraying with Magnesium and Manganese on Yield and its Components of Faba Bean Crop (Vicia Faba L.)
Authors: Alsultan Zainab H. Mutaeb , Alhasany Ali R. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The field experiment was conducted in Al-Majd district, which is 7 km north of Al-Muthanna governorate, during the winter of 2022–2023. The purpose was to study the effect of spraying with magnesium and manganese on the yield and components of the Luz De Otono lentil crop variety. Magnesium was sprayed at four concentrations (0, 40, 80, and 120 mg Mg per liter), and manganese was sprayed at three concentrations (0, 20, and 40 mg Mn per liter). The study employed a split-plot design with three replications and a randomised complete block design (RCBD). The outcomes demonstrated that spraying magnesium at a concentration of 80 mg Mg l-1 increased the amount of pods, seeds per pod, and overall seed production significantly, with rates of growth of 16.11%, 11.43%, and 28.05% for the traits, respectively, compared to the comparison treatment. The results also showed that increasing the manganese concentration to 40 mg Mn l-1 led to a considerable rise in seed output and pod production gave averages of 10.42 pods of plant-1 and 2.62 t ha-1 for traits, respectively, compared to the no-spray treatment. The interaction between magnesium and manganese significantly affected most of the studied features. The combination (Mg2 × Mn2) outperformed and gave the highest average in total seed yield, reaching 3.24 tons per hectare. Meanwhile, the combination (Mg1 × Mn2) showed the highest seed number and protein percentage average, reaching 5.23 seeds per pod and 24.62%, respectively.
Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Sudangrass (Sorghum Vulgare var. Sudanense) as Influenced by Phosphorus and Zinc Application
Authors: Alshummary Anhar M. , Al-Freeh Lamiaa M. , Alabdulla Sundus A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted at the Basrah University / Karmat Ali, Iraq during the fall season 2020, to investigate the effects of four rates of phosphorus,(P0 =0, P1=40, P2=80 and P4=120 kg P ha-1) and spraying four concentrations of zinc (Zn0-control, Zn1= 25, Zn2=50, Zn=75mgL-1 on growth and forage yield of Sudangrass. The randomized complete block design (RCBD) was carried out in three replicates using a split plot experiment, zinc concentrations were put in the main plots while, rates of phosphorus in subplots. Application with P120 resulted to a significantly greater stem diameter (14.61mm) number of leaves (20.00 leaf plant-1), leaf area (7420cm2), number of branches (14.967 branch plant-1) green and dry forage yield (29.25,12.69 t ha-1). Foliar application of Zn75 resulted in greater plant height (251.2cm), stem diameter (14.21mm), number of leaves (19.42 leaf plant-1), leaf area (6163cm2) and number of branches (13.450 branch plant-1). The combination of P× Zn had no significant effect on green and forage yield. Both P and Zn application had significant effect on N and P percentage of forage Sudangrass, on the other hand, no significant effect of their application on K percentage.
Study of the Antioxidant Activity of Lycopene and Lycopene Nanoparticles Extracted from Tomato Waste Powder
Authors: Rasheed Abd Al-Hussain Attia Ali , Al-Anbari Iman Hameed 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study aimed to extract lycopene from tomato waste powder and convert it into a nanoformula using high-energy mechanical grinding technology, and its dimensions were 78nm as estimated by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). of natural lycopene and the industrial antioxidant Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The results of the study showed a significant superiority (p≤0.05).) for nanoscale lycopene, as the percentage of inhibition for the three methods reached 80.9%, 80.2%, and 74.1%, respectively, superior to natural lycopene and BHT. The study showed the importance of using nano-lycopene as a substitute for BHT with low concentrations and high efficiency to improve the quality of the food product.
Physiological Effects of Nano-Magnesium Against Bisphenol A-induced Toxicity in Male Albino Rats
Authors: Jameel Ali H. , Al-Sulaivany Maeda M. T. , Oleiwi Saad D. , Mohammed Mohammed J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of oral administration with two concentrations of 30% and 40% of nano-magnesium on Bisphenol-A in liver enzyme parameters (ALT, AST, ALP), kidney function and lipid profile of male white rats Bisphenol-The concentrations of triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and very low-density lipoproteins (vLDL) were all increased by A, whereas the concentration of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) was decreased. while liver enzyme parameters decreased noticeably. Nano-magnesium treatment led to decreases in levels of uric acid, creatinine, triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, and an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) values.
Determining the Efficacy of Selenium Nanoparticles (Se-NPs) Conjugated with Zinc and Synthesized Using Aspergillus niger on some Immunological Parameters of Induced Immunosuppressed Rats
Authors: Abd Al-Aziz Saif E. , Thalij Karkaz M. , Zakaria Mohamed Gh. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This research was aimed to isolation and identification of Aspergillus niger from different location of garden in Tikrit university, to used in Se-NPs synthesis alone and conjugated with Zn, then its characterizes by detected the spectroscopy, shape and size of the nanoparticles, also determine the efficacy each of Se-NPs or Zn alone or after conjugated when orally dosage to laboratory rats that’s induced immunosuppressed by sandimmune on IgA, IgG and IL-6. The results were found that ability to isolated and identified the Aspergillus niger from different sites in the gardens of the Tikrit University. The synthesis of Se-NPs were obtained by converting sodium selenite (Na2SeO4) used the Aspergillus niger extract, also they obtained the Se-NPs conjugated with Zn. The confirm of synthesis were inferred through the color was changed to oranges. The value of these particles alone or their genera appeared at a wavelength of 262 and 269 nm, respectively. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed spherical particle shapes and sizes at 52.90 nm which were confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The orally dosage of Se-NPs for male laboratory rats alone or in combination induced immunusupressed affected the renormalization of IgA, IgG, and IL-6 t. Their normal levels of IgA at 205, 215 and 242 (mg/dL) and the IgG at 1019, 1046 and 1346 (mg/dL) while of IL-6 at 3.60, 4.13 and 6.63 (pmol/mL) respectively. These effect were refered the parameters to became equalized with their values in the group of control animals and returned to normal.
Effect of Organic Matter Application to the Soil and Spray its Extracts to Shoot on the Elements Availability and Yield of Pumpkin Squash (Cucurbita pepo L.)
Authors: Al-Fahdawy Harith Sadaa Madhan , Mnagd Mahmoud Howeidi , Al-Fahdawy Mohammed Ismail Khalaf 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in autumn season of 2012 in a private farm in Anbar state/city of Ramadi, in the soil of sedimentary soil (silty loam alluvial ) categorized as Typic Torrifluvent to study the effect of added organic sources of different fertilizers Peat moss and reeds and straw fermented aerobically level (10 tons H-1) and spray extracts of fertilizer after fermentation mentioned with four concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 g liter -1) on the total vegetative plant pumpkin squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) cv. Amjid. The factorial experiment was used according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The total yield and early yield and NPK concentration was estimated in the shoot and the soil after planting. The Peat moss fertilizer showed a normally superior level of probability of 0.05 in the rate of overall early yield and yield of (4.23 tons h-1, 3546 kg Plant-1), respectively compared with other fertilizers. The Peat moss treatment give the highest concentration of N (1.60%), while Peat moss and straw gave the highest concentration of P in the shoot plant (0.53%), and reeds fertilizer gave the highest rate of concentration of K (1.28%). Peat moss gave the highest concentration of NPK in the soil after harvest(122.17 mlg kg-1, 12.40 mlg kg-1, 212.72 mlg kg−1) compared with other fertilizers. The (15 g L-1) concentration a significant superiority in the rate of overall and early yield of (3.35 tons h-1, 2.627 kg plant-1) respectively, compared with other concentrations, the same concentration had the highest concentration of NPK in shoot vegetation of ( 1.60, 0.54, 1.28 %). As well as, the concentration (15 g L−1) gave the highest rate in NPK concentration in the soil after planting at a rate of ( 112.91 mlg kg−1, 11.37 mlg.kg−1, 197.51 mlg.kg−1), respectively, compared to other treatments. The interaction between the (Peat moss and concentration 15 g. L−1) treatments, gave a significant superiority on the interaction of fertilizers and levels of other additions in the rate of overall yield and the concentration of NPK in the shoot of the plant and inside the soil after planting (4.92 tons h−1, 1.64 %,0.56%, 1.31 %, 130.00 mg kg−1,13.64 mlg kg−1, 223.29 ml kg−1), respectively. While the early yield characters excelled in the interaction treatment of (Peat moss and 10 g L−1 concentration) at a rate of (3.893 kg plant−1).
The Effect of the Combining Ability using the Second Generation According to Factorial Mating System in Durum Wheat
Authors: Mahmood Ibtisam Abdullah , Al-Hamdani Zakariya Bader 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was carried out by evaluating the second generation of ten genotypes of coarse wheat, six (male parents) of which were obtained by ICARDA (Maggy, Zeina2, Joudille, Gigamar Lcarasha2, Adnham) and three adopted category (female parents) (Svevo, Grecale, Duma-1). In addition to a additive genotype * (Sardar), which was previously cultivated within the environmental conditions of the region and proved its distinction, these genotypes were planted with second generation hybrids, which numbered (24 hybrids) in the season (2021-2022) in the Bashiqa region of the city of Mosul, using the randomized complete block design. (R.C.B.D) with three replications. The study included the qualities : number of days to flowering at 50%, plant height (cm), spike length (cm), high leaf area (cm2), number of grains in a spike, number of spikes/m2, biological yield (kg/h), yield Cereals (kg/h), harvest guideline %, weight of 1000 grains, and protein percentage %. The data of the hybrids were analyzed according to the factorial panmixis method. analysis table showed variance for the mean squares of the hybrids that they were significant at the level of probability (1%) for all the studied qualities except for the characteristic of the biological yield. Significantly, at the probability level (5%), the male father (Duma-1) was superior in the effect of its general ability to joint the characteristics of plant height, spike length, high leaf area, number of spikes / m2, biological yield, grain yield, harvest guideline, weight of 1000 grains, and protein percentage. Showed Hybrid (Maggy x Sardar) specific effects to the desired direction for most of the qualities studied.