bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slow emergence of the giant component in the growing m‐out graph
Authors: Bollobás Béla , Riordan Oliver 
Published: March 2005

AbstractLet H be a random graph on n vertices, grown by adding vertices one at a time, joining each new vertex to a uniformly chosen set of m earlier vertices. If edges of H are deleted independently, each being retained with probability p, then there is a “phase transition”. There is a certain critical value pc of p such that, with high probability, a component of order Θ(n) remains as n → ∞ if and only if p > pc. Among other results, we obtain the exact value of pc, which depends on m in a nontrivial way, and show that the phase transition has “infinite order”; in fact, for p = pc + ϵ, the largest component has order exp(−Θ(1/$\sqrt{\varepsilon}$))n with high probability. Analogous results were proved recently in by Bollobás, Janson, and Riordan [Random Structures Algorithms 26 (2005), 1–36] for a related model in which edges are present independently. The model we study is considerably more difficult to analyze, since the dependence between the edges is very important, affecting the value of pc, so many new complications arise. In overcoming these complications we make use of the techniques developed by the authors [Internet Math 1 (2003), 1–35] to analyze a very different model. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2005
Application of the parameter‐free genetic algorithm to the fixed channel assignment problem
Authors: Matsui Shouichi , Watanabe Isamu , Tokoro Ken‐Ichi 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the application of the parameter‐free genetic algorithm (PfGA) proposed by Sawai and colleagues and the parallel distributed PfGA, to the fixed channel assignment problem. The results of the investigation are presented. The PfGA does not include parameters such as the population size, the crossover rate, and the mutation rate, which have been indispensable in the conventional genetic algorithm (GA). This eliminates parameter tuning for each problem, which is a very useful property in practice. Although the applications of PfGA to function optimization in 5 to 10 dimensions have been reported, there has been no report on the performance when it is applied to combinatorial optimization with a larger search space, and it remains a practically important problem to examine the performance in such a case. This paper considers the application of the PfGA to the fixed channel assignment problem, which is a combinatorial optimization problem. The sequence representation by the random keys is investigated, and it is shown that the PfGA and the parallel distributed PfGA have as high a performance in the fixed channel assignment problem as in the function optimization problem. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(4): 71–81, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10328
Parallel matrix‐multiplication algorithm for distributed parallel computers
Authors: Hattori Masamitsu , Ito Nobuhiro , Chen Wei , Wada Koichi 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis paper proposes a matrix‐multiplication algorithm suited to the distributed computer environment. The system is implemented using PVM and the execution time is evaluated. One of the conventional methods implemented using PVM is the systolic method. However, this method is limited with respect to the matrix size that can be calculated and the number of computers that can be used in the calculation. This paper first extends the algorithm so that these limitations are lifted. Then, an algorithm is proposed which can reduce the communication complexity, although the computational complexity is slightly increased. These two algorithms are implemented using PVM, and the execution time is measured. In either algorithm, an acceleration rate exceeding the number of computers is obtained. The effectiveness is found to be due to the effect of the cache memory, and the speed improvement obtained by using cache memory is investigated. The optimal number of matrix divisions from the viewpoint of cache memory size is also discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(4): 48–59, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10551
Design of decision trees using class‐dependent feature subsets
Authors: Aoki Kazuaki , Watanabe Toshiharu , Kudo Mineichi 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn pattern recognition, feature selection is effective for improving the performance of classifiers and reducing the measurement cost of features. In particular, by removing features with no discriminative information, an improvement can be expected in the estimation precision of classifier parameters, and as a result, higher performance classifiers can be constructed than when all of the features are used. Many of the feature selection techniques that have been proposed so far have attempted to select a feature subset that is common to all classes. However, it seems reasonable to assume that the optimum feature subset for classification differs for each set of classes to be discriminated. In this paper, the authors investigate the effectiveness of feature subsets that depend on sets of classes and use the extracted class‐dependent feature subsets to construct a decision tree. In addition, they show the effectiveness of this method through character recognition experiments. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(4): 37–47, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10666
Improving text categorization by resolving semantic ambiguity
Authors: Uejima Hiroshi , Miura Takao , Shioya Isamu 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn this investigation, we propose a new method for text categorization (TC) based on a Bayesian approach with resolution of ambiguity. TC assigns weights to words whose meanings are ambiguous in the sense of synonymy and polysemy. We give weights to articles by examining dictionaries of thesaurus type and use dimensionality reduction to improve the quality of TC. We also utilize WordNet as a lexical reference tool and present some experiments to illustrate the effectiveness of our approach. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(4): 1–8, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20191
Impact of 1994 Northridge earthquake on masonry: design and build tall reinforced masonry buildings
Authors: Hart Gary C. , Ekwueme Chukwuma G. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe 1994 Northridge earthquake confirmed the fact that it is now possible to design tall masonry buildings that have excellent and predictable earthquake performance. In general, masonry buildings performed well during the Northridge earthquake, and when construction practice was good the structural performance of masonry buildings was excellent. However, since most masonry buildings are stiff, low‐rise structures, the amount of non‐structural damage was significant. This is because the high floor accelerations that occur in low‐rise buildings during earthquakes usually results in increased damage to non‐structural components. Tall masonry buildings are more flexible and respond to earthquake shaking with longer periods of vibration than low‐rise buildings. This result is lower floor accelerations and consequently less non‐structural damage. In addition, tall masonry walls can be designed to respond in flexural limit states that are inherently more ductile and predictable than the behavior of short, squat walls. This means that the structural performance of tall masonry buildings in future earthquakes will be better than that observed in low‐rise buildings during the 1994 Northridge earthquake. It is thus clear that tall masonry buildings will provide an improvement to the proven earthquake response of masonry structures. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Elusive Meaning of the Debate over Ratification
Authors: Edling Max. M 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The first two sections of this chapter discuss the two main approaches to the analysis of the ratification debate over the US Constitution. Until the late 1960s, the predominant interpretation described the debate over ratification as a conflict between “aristocratic” and “democratic” ideals and interests, but at about that time, scholars began to shift to a second approach that used the terms “liberalism” and “classical republicanism” to account for ideological differences during the revolutionary era; this shift was also accompanied by a change in the interpreters’ concerns away from social struggle toward the study of the development of political ideas. The argument presented here is that the terminology so far favored by historians and political scientists has obscured important aspects of the ideological differences between the Federalists and their opponents because it has drawn attention away from the actual issues debated during the ratification struggle. This claim can be supported in different ways, but the approach used here is to look closely at what prominent interpreters say about the limits of their own interpretation, even though this it risks being unfair to the perspectives reviewed. The last two sections of the chapter present an approach that promises better to capture the essence of the ideological disagreement between the Federalists and the Antifederalists as presented in the debate over ratification, and suggest that the debate is best seen as neither about democracy nor about liberalism, but about state formation.
The Ideological Response to State Expansion
Authors: Edling Max. M 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
It would be a fundamental mistake to assume a priori a complete correspondence between the historical sociology of state formation and the conceptual history of the “state,” or, in more general terms, between institutional and intellectual development, and between political reality and political rhetoric. Equally, it would be a mistake to assume that there is no relation whatsoever, and it would have been remarkable if the great expansion of the fiscal and military capacity of central government in Britain in the early modern period had gone unnoticed by contemporaries, so as to leave no mark on historical, political, and social reflection. Shows that the European process of state formation had indeed influenced political commentary in giving rise to arguments analyzing and criticizing the growth of the state, and that these arguments found their way across the Atlantic from Britain to the American colonies in the form of “Country” thought, which gave rise to a complete vocabulary with which to respond to the growth of the British fiscal‐military state in the Anglo‐American world of political discourse. In fact, Antifederalism can be described as an expression of Country thought, although it cannot at the same time be claimed that Federalism was a repetition of the contrasting central Court defense of state expansion.
Government by Consent
Authors: Edling Max. M 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Chapter 8 and the corresponding Ch. 13 in Part Three of the book show how the Federalists responded to the Antifederalist objections to a stronger national government in the “fiscal‐military” sphere, thereby creating an understanding of the kind of state that was proper to American conditions. In their defense of the military clauses of the US Constitution, the Federalists argued for the need to maintain a peace establishment of regulars, also arguing that the national government had to possess an unrestricted power over mobilization; in Federalist minds, both military professionalism and the unlimited power over mobilization were necessary to preserve the independence, liberties, and interests of the American nation. The Antifederalists, by contrast, raised objections to the right of Congress to create and maintain a standing army in time of peace, and were also concerned about the unrestricted nature of Congress's military powers. Their objections can be subsumed under three headings: first, they believed that the new system of government would change the administration of the laws from an administration based on the consent of the governed to an administration based on coercion or the threat of force; second, they believed that the national government would create a large army while neglecting the state militia, so that as a consequence, the national government would become independent of the people and be able to establish tyrannical rule; and third, the critics of the Constitution believed that Congress had been granted too much power to interfere in the private lives of the citizens through its command over the militia. In the debate over ratification, the Federalists answered these objections, and in doing so, they argued that it was possible to create a strong state without abandoning traditional Anglo‐American ideals about free government; their answers are the subject of this chapter.
The psychosocial functioning of children and spouses of adults with ADHD
Authors: Minde Klaus , Eakin Laurel , Hechtman Lily , Ochs Eric , Bouffard Rachelle , Greenfield Brian , Looper Karl 
Published: March 2005

Background:  It is unclear what the impact of parental ADHD is on the day‐to‐day life of the rest of the family and how it contributes to the intergenerational transmission of this disorder.Method:  The psychosocial functioning of 23 spouses and 63 children of 33 families with an ADHD parent and 20 spouses and 40 children of 26 comparison families was examined. Both adults and their spouses were assessed for lifetime and current Axis I and Axis II diagnoses, present general psychiatric symptoms and their marital relationships. Children were screened for ADHD and other problems, using the C‐DISC, CBLC, TRF and the Social Adjustment Inventory.Results:  Children with an ADHD parent had higher rates of psychopathology than those from comparison families. Children with ADHD had more co‐morbidities than non‐ADHD children. Family and marital functions were impaired in ADHD families regardless of the gender of the affected parent. Children without ADHD from families with one psychiatrically healthy parent did well while the behaviour of children with ADHD was always poor and not associated with parental mental health.Conclusion:  The results underscore the strong genetic contribution to ADHD and the need to carefully assess the non‐ADHD parent as they seem to influence the well‐being of non‐ADHD children in families with an ADHD parent.
Conservation ecology ofPrimula sieboldii: Synthesis of information toward the prediction of the genetic/demographic fate of a population
Authors: WASHITANI IZUMI , ISHIHAMA FUMIKO , MATSUMURA CHIZURU , NAGAI MIHOKO , NISHIHIRO JUN , AJIMA NISHIHIRO MIHO 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn an age of deepening biodiversity crisis, plant species biological studies integrating ecological and genetic approaches, especially exhaustive studies with a model plant species, are urgently needed for both assessing the present status and implementing effective conservation measures, as a comprehensive understanding of demographic/genetic interactions involved in the vicious cycle of plant population extinction is a prerequisite for any precise prediction regarding plant conservation. In this article, we summarize the major contributions to conservation ecological studies on a heterostylous clonal herbPrimula sieboldii,focusing on gene flow and reproductive success, which are dependent on the life‐history traits of the species and biological interactions with its effective pollinators, long‐tongued bumblebees.
Clinicopathologic analysis of the prognostic factors in women with coexistence of endometrioid adenocarcinoma in the endometrium and ovary
Authors: Nishimura Noriko , Hachisuga Toru , Yokoyama Masatoshi , Iwasaka Tsuyoshi , Kawarabayashi Tatsuhiko 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAim: To compare the survival and prognostic factors of patients with dual primary ovarian and endometrial cancers (primary group), and endometrial cancers metastatic to the ovaries (metastatic group).Methods: Thirty‐six patients with gross tumors confined to the pelvis and of endometrioid adenocarcinoma subtype in both the endometrium and ovary were selected from our file of 546 Japanese women with endometrial carcinoma. The patients were divided into two groups. Eleven were classified into the primary group. Twenty‐five were classified into the metastatic group. Both univariate and multivariate regression analyses were carried out.Results: The mean age of the primary group was significantly younger than that of the metastatic group (45.2 years vs 51.2 years; P < 0.01). The cumulative 10‐year survival of the primary group was significantly better than that of the metastatic group (90.9%vs 46.6%; P < 0.05). Univariate analyses showed that older age (P < 0.05) and the presence of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI; P < 0.004) of the tumor of the uterus were significantly associated with a poor prognosis in the metastatic group. Multivariate analysis including the above variables showed no independent prognostic factor (older age, P < 0.60 and LVSI, P < 0.06).Conclusion: When encountering women with coexisting endometrioid carcinoma in the endometrium and ovary with gross tumor limited to the pelvis, more attention should be paid to LVSI of the tumor of the uterus as a poor prognostic indicator.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities and Perceptions of Health Care: Does Health Plan Type Matter?
Authors: Hunt Kelly A. , Gaba Ayorkor , Lavizzo‐Mourey Risa 
Published: March 2005

Objective. To examine whether racial and ethnic differences in the distribution of individuals across types of health plans explain differences in satisfaction and trust with their physicians.Data Sources. Data were derived from the 1998–1999 Community Tracking Household and Followback Studies and consisted of a nationwide sample of adults (18 years and older).Data Collection. The data were collected by telephone survey. Surveys were administered in English and Spanish. The response rate for the Household Survey was 63 percent, and the match rate for the Followback Survey was 59 percent.Study Design. Multivariate analyses used regression methods to detect independent effects of respondent race and ethnicity on satisfaction and trust with physician, while controlling for enrollment in different types of health plans.Principal Findings. Racial and ethnic minorities are more likely than whites to have lower levels of trust and satisfaction with their physician. The most prominent differences occurred within the Latino and Native American/Asian American/Pacific Islander/Other (“Other”) populations. Plan type does not mitigate the relationship between race/ethnicity and trust and satisfaction for the overall adult population.Conclusions. Disparate levels of trust and satisfaction exist within ethnic and minority populations, even when controlling for the distribution of individuals across types of health plans. The results demonstrate a need to better understand the health care‐related factors that drive disparate trust and satisfaction.
PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: The Psychiatric Landscape of Withdrawal
Authors: Cohen Lewis M. , Germain Michael J. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTWithdrawal from dialysis is an appropriate decision for situations in which the burdens of treatment outweigh the benefits. Alternately, it can be viewed as a public health problem and suicide equivalent that contributes to the high mortality of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). More than one in five deaths of patients with ESRD are preceded by dialysis cessation, and approximately 15,000 Americans died last year following a determination to stop this life‐support treatment. This article discusses what is known about the psychosocial aspects of the patients who terminate dialysis, the role of depression and other psychiatric disorders, the family perspective, and the relationship of these decisions to suicide.
Isolation, purification and physicochemical characterization of water‐soluble Bacillus thuringiensis melanin
Authors: Aghajanyan Armen E. , Hambardzumyan Artur A. , Hovsepyan Anichka S. , Asaturian Rafael A. , Vardanyan Andranik A. , Saghiyan Ashot A. 
Published: March 2005

SummaryMelanins are widely used in medicine, pharmacology, cosmetics and other fields. Although several technologies for the purification of water‐insoluble dioxyphenylalanine (DOPA) melanins have been described, a source of water‐soluble melanin is highly desirable. Here we describe an effective procedure for the isolation and purification of water‐soluble melanin using the culture medium of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae strain K1. Water‐soluble melanin from this organism has an isoelectric point (pI = 3.0–3.2) and was purified optimally by adsorbtion using the IA‐1r resin and elution as a concentrated solution. The purified melanin obtained exhibited a similar infra‐red absorbtion spectrum to synthetic melanin and contained quinolic and phenolic structures and an amino acid content of around 20% after acid hydrolysis. The molecular weight of the purified melanin determined by SDS‐PAGE was 4 kDa and the electromagnetic spin resonance spectrum of the purified microbial melanin was a slightly asymmetric singlet without hyperfine structure with about 7 Gauss width of the line between points of the maximum incline and g = 2.006. The concentration of paramagnetic centers in melanin is 0.21 × 1018 spin/g. The results obtained provide a rapid, simple and inexpensive method for the large scale purification of water soluble melanin that may have widespread applications.
A Tyrosinase missense mutation causes albinism in the Wistar rat
Authors: Blaszczyk Wanda M. , Arning Larissa , Hoffmann Klaus‐Peter , Epplen Joerg T. 
Published: March 2005

SummaryTyrosinase serves as a key enzyme in the synthesis of melanin. In humans mutations in the TYR gene are associated with type 1 oculocutaneous albinism (OCA1) that leads to reduced or absent pigmentation of skin, hair and eye. Various mutations causing OCA in man, mouse, rabbit and cattle have been identified throughout the Tyrosinase gene including nonsense, missense, frameshift and splice site alterations. Here we report a missense substitution at codon R299H in exon 2 of the Tyr gene in the albino Wistar rat. As this very exchange has already been described in OCA patients, our findings reinforce the significance of this region for normal catalytic activity of tyrosinase protein.
Identification of Cupric and Cuprous Copper in Copper Naphthenate-Treated Wood by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Kamdem P. , Zhang J. , Adnot A. 
Published: March 2005

Summary
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to monitor the modification on copper naphthenate
(Cu-N) treated Southern pine and the effect of a post treatment steaming on Cu-N treated samples. The
atomic ratio of oxygen to carbon (O1s/C1s) decreases with Cu-N treatment, confirming the coverage of
the sample surface with Cu-N, which is rich in -CH2- groups. XPS spectra and Auger parameters were
successively used to identify and quantify Cu (I) and Cu (II) on the surface of Cu-N treated samples. The
peak at 935 eV and the presence of shake up satellites are a good indication of the presence of cupric
copper, while the peak at 933 eV and the disappearance of shake-up satellites are attributed to the presence
of cuprous copper. The post-treatment steaming of Cu-N treated Southern pine cubes results in the
conversion of 52 percent of the cupric copper into cuprous copper on the wood surface.
Benefits of a 2,4-D Acid Herbicide Formulation
Authors: Volgas GC , Mack RE , Roberts JR 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Research was conducted on a new formulation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D). Unlike many of today's commercial products that contain ester or amine forms of 2,4-D, this new formulation contains the acid form of 2,4-D. Comparisons of this new formulation with amine and ester formulations include herbicide efficacy data, surfactant properties, and fertilizer compatibility.