bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta‐analysis of social science research: A practitioner's guide
Authors: Irsova Zuzana , Doucouliagos Hristos , Havranek Tomas , Stanley T. D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article provides concise, nontechnical, step‐by‐step guidelines on how to conduct a modern meta‐analysis, especially in social sciences. We treat publication bias, p‐hacking, and systematic heterogeneity as phenomena meta‐analysts must always confront. To this end, we provide concrete methodological recommendations. Meta‐analysis methods have advanced notably over the last few years. Yet many meta‐analyses still rely on outdated approaches, some ignoring publication bias and systematic heterogeneity. While limitations persist, recently developed techniques allow robust inference even in the face of formidable problems in the underlying empirical literature. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the state of the art in a way accessible to aspiring meta‐analysts in any field. We also discuss how meta‐analysts can use advances in artificial intelligence to work more efficiently.
The influence of radical trachelectomy on endometrial thickness in in vitro fertilization‐embryo transfer
Authors: Yabuki Atsushi , Muraoka Ayako , Tamauchi Satoshi , Seki Tomomi , Takeda Takehiko , Sonehara Reina , Miyake Natsuki , Nakamura Tomoko , Osuka Satoko , Kajiyama Hiroaki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimBoth morbidity and mortality rates of cervical cancer are increasing, especially in reproductive‐aged women. Radical trachelectomy (RT) is an effective fertility‐preserving surgery for early‐stage cervical cancer. This study aimed to determine the influence of RT on endometrial thickness during in vitro fertilization‐embryo transfer (IVF‐ET).MethodsForty‐four patients had undergone RT, and 23 women undergoing IVF‐ET treatment (105 ET cycles) were included. Endometrial thickness during hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was retrospectively evaluated and compared between patients with and without RT.ResultsEleven patients (50 ET cycles) in the RT group and 12 (52 ET cycles) in the control group were investigated. Compared with the control group, higher ET cancellation rates were observed in patients in the RT group (1 of 52 cycles [control group] vs. 8 of 50 cycles [RT group], p < 0.01). Endometrial thinning was not affected by patient age at first IVF‐ET treatment, history of artificial abortion, preservation of uterine arteries during RT, or postoperative chemotherapy (p = 0.27, 1, 1, and 1, respectively).ConclusionsOur data revealed that RT influenced endometrial thickness in IVF‐ET. This was not affected by the background of the patients or perioperative management in this study. We could not reveal the underlying mechanism, but it is postulated that the transient postoperative uterine blood flow status and postoperative infections may have some effect on the endometrium. To resolve these issues, accumulation of evidences are required. We recommend informing patients about the impact of RT on IVF‐ET before starting assisted reproductive technology (ART).
Healthy School Meals for All in Utah
Authors: Spruance Lori A. , Guenther Patricia M. , Callaway Sarah , Giles Lahela , Varas Sebasthian , Metos Julie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe National School Lunch and School Breakfast programs reduce food insecurity and improve dietary intake. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, school meals were provided to all children at no cost, regardless of income. This policy is known as Healthy School Meals For All (HSMFA). The purpose of the study was to examine the feasibility of a HSMFA policy in Utah.MethodsA mixed‐methods approach was used, including qualitative interviews for policymakers, surveys for school foodservice directors, and financial modeling of Utah Child Nutrition Programs data. Analysis included a phenomenological analytic approach for qualitative data, descriptive statistics for surveys, and development of a cost model with 6 scenarios.ResultsQualitative data revealed themes of (1) awareness; (2) responsibility; (3) perspectives on school meals; and (4) new opportunities. Most (81%) foodservice directors believed HSMFA should continue post‐pandemic. HSMFA would cost $51,341,436 to $82,358,375 per year.Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and EquityHSMFA would result in the equitable treatment of all children regarding access to healthy school meals.ConclusionsGiven the support of foodservice directors but the lack of political consensus, considering stepwise implementation and providing cost estimates may increase feasibility of a HSMFA policy in Utah.
Microscopic image recognition of diatoms based on deep learning
Authors: Pu Siyue , Zhang Fan , Shu Yuexuan , Fu Weiqi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDiatoms are a crucial component in the study of aquatic ecosystems and ancient environmental records. However, traditional methods for identifying diatoms, such as morphological taxonomy and molecular detection, are costly, are time consuming, and have limitations. To address these issues, we developed an extensive collection of diatom images, consisting of 7983 images from 160 genera and 1042 species, which we expanded to 49,843 through preprocessing, segmentation, and data augmentation. Our study compared the performance of different algorithms, including backbones, batch sizes, dynamic data augmentation, and static data augmentation on experimental results. We determined that the ResNet152 network outperformed other networks, producing the most accurate results with top‐1 and top‐5 accuracies of 85.97% and 95.26%, respectively, in identifying 1042 diatom species. Additionally, we propose a method that combines model prediction and cosine similarity to enhance the model's performance in low‐probability predictions, achieving an 86.07% accuracy rate in diatom identification. Our research contributes significantly to the recognition and classification of diatom images and has potential applications in water quality assessment, ecological monitoring, and detecting changes in aquatic biodiversity.
Characterization of clinical presentation, histological features, ultrasonographic findings, and survival in 29 dogs with granulomatous hepatitis
Authors: Prentice Kayla D. , Callahan‐Clark Julie E. , Parry Nicola M. , Schwarz Leslie A. , Webster Cynthia R. L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundGranulomatous hepatitis (GH) is a form of chronic hepatitis (CH) in dogs for which limited information is published.HypothesisDescribe the clinical presentation, clinical pathology, ultrasound, and hepatic histopathology findings and to report survival times in dogs with GH.AnimalsTwenty‐nine client‐owned dogs with GH.MethodsRetrospective observational study. Pathology records were searched. Inclusion criteria included a histopathologic diagnosis of GH, absence of an identified etiology or evidence of extrahepatic granulomatous disease, and a medical record available for review. Clinical presentation, clinical pathologic findings, treatment protocols, and survival times were recorded. Available hepatic biopsy material was graded and scored, and ultrasound evaluations reviewed.ResultsThe median age was 7 years (range, 0.66‐12 years). Nineteen breeds were represented. Decreased appetite (19/29), lethargy (16/29), and fever (13/29) were seen most commonly. All dogs had increased serum transaminase activities, whereas 21/29 and 12/24 had hyperbilirubinemia and neutrophilia, respectively. Ultrasonographic findings included hepatomegaly (12/22), nodular parenchymal lesions (9/22), and hyperechoic parenchymal bands (8/22). Histopathologic necroinflammatory scores were moderate to severe in 16/19 dogs, and fibrosis scores were mild in 14/19 dogs. Treatments varied and included antibiotics, immunosuppressive drugs, and hepatoprotectants. Overall median survival was 635 days (range, 1‐2482 days).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceGranulomatous hepatitis in dogs is associated with high histopathologic grade, fever, neutrophilia, and a high incidence of hepatomegaly and focal parenchymal lesions on ultrasound examination. Despite disease severity on presentation, dogs with GH can have a good outcome with prolonged survival.
Uncovering Sampling Biases, Advancing Inclusivity, and Rethinking Theoretical Accounts in Second Language Acquisition: Introduction to the Special Issue SLA for All?
Authors: Godfroid Aline , Andringa Sible 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe social sciences have grappled with sampling biases, perhaps most notably the prevalent reliance on convenience samples drawn from university student populations. Researchers in second language acquisition (SLA) have likewise taken steps to assess and address the scope of these biases and their effects on theory construction. This special issue presents a collection of replications and registered replication reports comprising one such initiative, titled SLA for All? The replications aimed to evaluate the generalizability of findings from foundational SLA studies, which were obtained with university‐educated participants, to nonuniversity participant groups. In this introduction to the special issue, we review and discuss the general failure to replicate the initial results, the complex notion of replication, and questions of research ethics. We offer an in‐depth reflection on how our perspectives, practices, and future plans have evolved and conclude with a vision for a more inclusive, diverse, and informative approach to SLA research going forward.
Comparing the effect of larval dispersal strategies on morphological versus genetic differentiation in two neotropical fiddler crabs
Authors: Martins Salise Brandt , Marochi Murilo Zanetti , Masunari Setuko , Schubart Christoph D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe dispersal mode of estuarine invertebrates has a strong effect on genetic variability and phenotypic expression, potentially maintaining gene flow among widely separated populations or limiting connectivity among close ones. Understanding the dispersal strategies effects can support adequate strategies for environment management and understand the evolutionary history of the studied species. A comparative study on the effect of larval dispersal strategies (export vs retention) along the overall geographic distribution ranges of adult populations of two co‐distributed fiddler crab species was performed. Geometric morphometric techniques were used to evaluate morphological differentiation in the shape of the carapace and major cheliped propodus in 10 populations of Minuca mordax and five populations of Leptuca leptodactyla. Potential genetic differentiation was assessed using DNA sequence data from up to 170 fiddler crab specimens, corresponding to the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1). Patterns of genetic and morphological characteristics diverged among populations of both species. In terms of morphology, populations of both species showed intraspecific variation in the shape of the carapace and, to a lesser extent, in the major cheliped propodus. This observed intraspecific variation followed a clear geographic pattern of morphometric differentiation, in which the geographic origin is associated with a phenotypic response to the environmental diversity along the extended Brazilian coast. In contrast, there are shared haplotypes in populations separated by more than 4000 km, but with significant ΦST values among most populations of L. leptodactyla and M. mordax, suggesting a moderate to high level of gene flow. Therefore, it can be concluded that the split of the Central South Equatorial Current has not acted as an efficient long‐term barrier to the dispersal of larvae in both species. In M. mordax, a slight limitation of genetic exchange can be observed between the southernmost populations and the remaining ones. This first evidence of genetic structuring within this widely distributed species is consistent with its documented strategy to retain larvae in the estuarine environments. However, occasional transport of larvae to more open coastal waters seems to maintain stepwise gene flow between neighboring populations. Overall, our results still provide evidence of more pronounced genetic homogeneity in a species with a larval export strategy (L. leptodactyla) compared to a species with a larval retention strategy (M. mordax). This suggests that larval dispersal strategies, coupled with the microhabitat in which the respective species occur, have a noticeable effect on the degree of gene flow. Most likely, these biological aspects are further influenced by the estuarine and coastline geomorphology.
The effects of wild ungulates on small mammals: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Afonso Beatriz C. , Rosalino Luís Miguel , Henriques Jorge , Tinoco Torres Rita , Wauters Jella , Carvalho João 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Wild ungulates are increasing in several regions of the world, recolonizing the empty niche left by previous livestock systems. Due to their important role as ecosystem engineers, wild ungulates can modify and change vegetation structure, as well as modulate soil ecological processes, affecting the remaining components of communities and posing new management challenges. Several studies have evaluated the effects of wild ungulates on other guilds, but the results are taxonomically biased. Thus, our goal is to synthesise the overall effects of wild ungulates on smaller mammals on a broad scale.

Due to the complexity of assessing these impacts throughout the ecological network, we focused on mammals since they occupy different trophic levels and are key taxa in food webs. We conducted a review of the documented effects of wild ungulates on the guild's abundance of mammals with less than 10 kg, which revealed a gap in the literature regarding how higher trophic levels respond to wild ungulate disturbances. Using a hierarchical meta‐analytic approach, we assessed, on a subset of articles, whether the presence of wild ungulates affects the guild of small mammals and whether these effects were associated with biome, wild ungulates' body mass and foraging strategy, and small mammals' body mass.

A quantitative meta‐analysis was possible only for small mammals (Rodentia/Soricomorpha/Macroscelidea <1 kg) and revealed that their abundance tended to decrease with increasing abundance of wild ungulates. The magnitude of this impact, however, was modulated by body mass, being greater for larger small mammals than for smaller ones.

The impacts of wild ungulates might result in changes in the abundance of small mammals through direct and indirect pathways. Our results motivate a more holistic evaluation of rewilding projects and the correct assessment of the effects concerning wild ungulates' reintroductions.
Comparative population genomics of manta rays has global implications for management
Authors: Humble Emily , Hosegood Jane , Carvalho Gary , de Bruyn Mark , Creer Simon , Stevens Guy M. W. , Armstrong Amelia , Bonfil Ramon , Deakos Mark , Fernando Daniel , Froman Niv , Peel Lauren R. , Pollett Stephen , Ponzo Alessandro , Stewart Joshua D. , Wintner Sabine , Ogden Rob 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnderstanding population connectivity and genetic diversity is of fundamental importance to conservation. However, in globally threatened marine megafauna, challenges remain due to their elusive nature and wide‐ranging distributions. As overexploitation continues to threaten biodiversity across the globe, such knowledge gaps compromise both the suitability and effectiveness of management actions. Here, we use a comparative framework to investigate genetic differentiation and diversity of manta rays, one of the most iconic yet vulnerable groups of elasmobranchs on the planet. Despite their recent divergence, we show how oceanic manta rays (Mobula birostris) display significantly higher heterozygosity than reef manta rays (Mobula alfredi) and that M. birostris populations display higher connectivity worldwide. Through inferring modes of colonization, we reveal how both contemporary and historical forces have likely influenced these patterns, with important implications for population management. Our findings highlight the potential for fisheries to disrupt population dynamics at both local and global scales and therefore have direct relevance for international conservation of marine species.
How to repel a killer; chemical identification and effective repellent activity of commercial essential oils against kissing bugs
Authors: Rito‐Rueda Azhary , Flores‐Jiménez Juan Eduardo , Gutiérrez‐Cabrera Ana Erika , Cruz‐Esteban Samuel , Córdoba‐Aguilar Alex , Cruz‐López Leopoldo , Alavez‐Rosas David 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTriatomines are haematophagous insects, some species are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the aetiological agent of Chagas disease. The main strategy for interrupting T. cruzi transmission is to avoid contact of the vector populations with humans. Volatiles from commercial essential oils are excellent candidates to serve as repellents of kissing bugs. We used an exposure device to assess the repellence effect of eight commercial essential oils on Triatoma pallidipennis. The most effective oils were blended and evaluated against T. infestans, T. pallidipennis and Rhodnius prolixus. The blend was also evaluated on parasitised T. pallidipennis. Data were compared with the commercial repellent NN‐diethyl‐3‐methylbenzamide. We recorded the time the insects spent in the proximity of the host and determined if any of the evaluated oils served as kissing bug repellent. We found commercial essential oils and a blend that significantly reduced the time spent in the proximity of the host. The blend was effective for use by human males and females, repelling infected and non‐infected insects. The study of essential oils as repellents of blood‐sucking disease‐vector insects could shed light on the development of new control strategies.
Early processed electroencephalography for the monitoring of deeply sedated mechanically ventilated critically ill patients
Authors: Favre Eva , Bernini Adriano , Miroz John‐Paul , Abed‐Maillard Samia , Ramelet Anne‐Sylvie , Oddo Mauro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundDeep sedation may be indicated in the intensive care unit (ICU) for the management of acute organ failure, but leads to sedative‐induced delirium. Whether processed electroencephalography (p‐EEG) is useful in this setting is unclear.AimTo describe the PSI index in deeply sedated critically ill patients with acute organ failure, and to examine a potential association between low PSI values and ICU delirium. [Correction added on 16 October 2024, after first online publication: Aim subsection in Abstract has been added on this version.]MethodsWe conducted a single‐centre observational study of non‐neurological ICU patients sedated according to a standardized guideline of deep sedation (Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale [RASS] between −5 and −4) during the acute phase of respiratory and/or cardio‐circulatory failure. The SedLine (Masimo Incorporated, Irvine, California) was used to monitor the Patient State Index (PSI) (ranging from 0 to 100, <25 = very deep sedation and >50 = light sedation to full awareness) during the first 72 h of care. Delirium was assessed with the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM‐ICU).ResultsThe median duration of PSI monitoring was 43 h. Patients spent 49% in median of the total PSI monitoring duration with a PSI <25. Patients with delirium (n = 41/97, 42%) spent a higher percentage of total monitored time with PSI <25 (median 67% [19–91] vs. 47% [12.2–78.9]) in non‐delirious patients (p .047). After adjusting for the cumulative dose of analgesia and sedation, increased time spent with PSI <25 was associated with higher delirium (odds ratio 1.014; 95% CI 1.001–1.027, p = .036).ConclusionsA clinical protocol of deep sedation targeted to RASS at the acute ICU phase may be associated with prolonged EEG suppression and increased delirium. Whether PSI‐targeted sedation may help reducing sedative dose and delirium deserves further clinical investigation.Relevance to Clinical PracticePatients requiring deep sedation are at high risk of being over‐sedated and developing delirium despite the application of an evidence‐based sedation guideline. Development of early objective measures are essential to improve sedation management in these critically ill patients.
Stimulus characteristics of a novel air‐based multiple stimulus aesthesiometer
Authors: Mungalsingh Melanie A. , Thompson Benjamin , Peterson Sean D. , Murphy Paul J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeTo identify the stimulus airflow characteristics and confirm the consistency of a novel air jet‐based aesthesiometer capable of producing and applying multiple stimuli separated either by time and/or by space.MethodsA novel aesthesiometer (Dolphin Aesthesiometer) was designed around a micro‐blower under software management. Two nozzle attachments assisted in airflow control (flexible tube 1.6 mm diameter; brass tube 0.5 mm diameter). Four studies that tested the characteristics of the airflow and stimulus consistency were completed: (i) airflow pattern/trajectory, (ii) airflow surface dispersion, (iii) force of airflow across a range of stimulus strengths and (iv) thermal effects on the ocular surface.ResultsStimulus characteristic studies revealed: (i) airflow is coherent within the expected test distance range for the instrument, and spread rate is constant irrespective of stimulus strength; (ii) airflow dispersion occurs upon encountering a surface and dispersion increases with increasing airflow rate; (iii) a consistent and small force (10−4 N) is applied by the airflow and (iv) repeatable thermal effects occur in relation to the airflow, and the mode of stimulation of the Dolphin aesthesiometer is predominantly thermal in nature.ConclusionsThese studies confirm the repeatability and consistency of the novel instrument. The device is suitable for measuring corneal sensitivity. The availability of additional air jets allows the application of multiple stimuli to facilitate corneal summation investigations.
Efficacy and safety of supraclavicular and pectoralis nerve blocks as primary peri‐procedural analgesia for cardiac electronic device implantation: A pilot study
Authors: Antiperovitch Pavel , Mokhtar Ahmed T. , Yee Raymond , Manlucu Jaimie , Gula Lorne J. , Leong‐Sit Peter , Skanes Allan C. , Tang Anthony S. L. , Khan Habib Rehman 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundCardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are routinely implanted using intravenous drugs for sedation. However, some patients are poor candidates for intravenous sedation.ObjectiveWe present a case series demonstrating the safety and efficacy of a novel, ultrasound‐guided nerve block technique that allows for pre‐pectoral CIED implantation. The targets are the supraclavicular nerve (SCN) and pectoral nerve (PECS1).MethodsWe enrolled 20 patients who were planned for new CIED implantation. Following US‐localization of the SCN and PECS1, local anesthetic (LA) was instilled at least 30–60 min pre‐procedure. Successful nerve block was determined if < 5 mL of intraprocedural LA was used, along with lack of sensation with skin and deep tissue pinprick. Optional sedation was offered to patients’ pre‐procedure if discomfort was reported.ResultsSeventeen patients (85%) had a successful periprocedural nerve block, with only three patients exceeding 5 mL of LA. SCN and PECS1 success occurred in 19 (95%) and 18 (90%) patients, respectively. The overall success of nerve block by fulfilling all the criteria was demonstrated in 17 out of 20 patients (85%). Patients who reported no pain (VAS score = 0) were distributed as follows: 13 patients (65%) in the immediate post‐procedure interval, 18 patients (90%) at the 1 h post‐implant interval, and 14 patients (70%) at the 24 h post‐ implant interval. The median cumulative VAS score was 0 (IQR = 0 ‐ 1). There were no reported significant adverse effects.ConclusionSCN and PECS1 nerve blocks are safe and effective for patients undergoing CIED implantation to minimize or eliminate the use of intravenous sedation.