bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflections on Bian Que in Religious and Medical Traditions in Early China
Authors: Ochs Shelley 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Initial analysis of the contents of the Laoguanshan manuscripts shows there is an emphasis on a number of healing principles and techniques that have been associated with Bian Que: puncturing the mai-channels to heal disease; diagnosis based on examining the appearance and palpating multiple sites on the body; reverence for the mantic arts, and the superior physician who can correctly “determine whether [the patient] will live or die.” These characteristics have been ascribed to Bian Que across a number of domains: through non-medical texts that describe cases or anecdotes, passages in the received medical literature ascribed to a person or lineage with this name, and material evidence from Han dynasty mortuary art. Widespread references to Bian Que in medical and non-medical works indicate that citing the name constituted a recognizable and potent mode of establishing authority. Although we cannot completely reconstruct the medical practices of a person, clan, or mode of authority called “Bian Que,” the traces that remain substantiate claims that a set of ideas and practices associated with Bian Que was revered as efficacious healing worthy of study and transmission.
Techniques for Piercing the Mai Recorded in the Laoguanshan Han Tomb Bamboo Slips
Authors: Gu Man , Zhou Qi , Liu Changhua , Ochs Shelley 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The text discussed in this paper is part of the collection of bamboo slip medical manuscripts excavated from the Laoguanshan Han tomb outside of Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, in 2012. We have given it the title Piercing Methods based on its contents. This text provides invaluable new material for understanding the historical development of Chinese medicine and acupuncture over the course of the Han dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE). We combine analyses of excavated manuscripts, received texts, and excavated artifacts to reconstruct the piercing methods from the early Han presented in this text. Three primary sets of techniques and associated piercing tools have been identified: mai piercing, division piercing, and piercing water (swelling), although only the first technique that concerns treating the mai is dealt with comprehensively in this article.
A Brief Introduction to the Horse Medical Manuscript from the Tianhui Laoguanshan Han Tomb
Authors: Yang Dolly 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
One of the most important archaeological finds excavated from the Tianhui Laoguanshan Han tombs in 2012–13 was a manuscript on horse medicine, dated around the third century BCE. Prior to the discovery of this highly specialized veterinary text, only a handful of horse recipes from the Qin and Han periods had been found, and a sixth-century CE agricultural treatise, Essential Techniques for the Common People, was generally regarded as the earliest surviving source of extensive veterinary material, including various medical treatments for horses. Although the Laoguanshan manuscript – given the modern title Book of Treating Horses by the Team for Collating the Medical Bamboo Slips Excavated from the Han Tombs in Tianhui Town, Chengdu – has suffered significant damage, it nevertheless gives us an insight into the knowledge and treatments for horses during the Qin and early Han periods. A variety of ways of treating horses are recorded in Treating Horses, including herbal remedies, piercing, cauterization, hot packs, bandages, massage, and bathing. The use of gold needles is also mentioned in this text, echoing the gold and silver sewing needles excavated from Liu Sheng’s (d. 113 BCE) tomb in Mancheng, Hebei Province. This paper offers a short introduction to this valuable text on horse medicine by examining the content of its fragments, including names of ailments, symptoms of certain diseases, etiologies, and treatment methods. The discovery of Treating Horses challenges the established view that horse treatment methods in ancient China were predominantly herbal and that techniques of bleeding and cauterization recorded in Essential Techniques were brought to China from elsewhere, together with the introduction of Buddhism. The paper argues that the “foreign influence” had already occurred at a much earlier date, in the form of interactions with nomadic tribes such as the Scythians, the horsemen par excellence of classical antiquity.
An Analysis of the Lagged Relationship between Anomalies of Precipitation and Soil Moisture and Its Potential Role in Agricultural Drought Early Warning
Authors: Cammalleri C. , McCormick N. , Spinoni J. , Nielsen-Gammon J. W. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The standardized precipitation index (SPI) is the most commonly used index for detecting and characterizing meteorological droughts, and it is also extensively used as a proxy variable for soil moisture anomalies (SMA) for the purpose of monitoring agricultural drought in absence of long-term soil moisture observations. However, the potential capability of SPI to warn of the time-lagged soil water deficit—following the well-known “drought cascade” effect—is often overlooked in agricultural drought studies. In this research, a time-lagged correlation analysis is used to evaluate the relationship between the SMA dataset, generated as part of the Global Drought Observatory of the European Union’s Copernicus Emergency Management Service, and a set of SPIs derived from the ERA5 reanalysis produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. The possibility to achieve an optimal agreement between SPI and SMA that also preserves the early warning skills of SPI is evaluated. The results suggest that if only the correlation between SPI and SMA is considered, the maximum agreement is usually obtained with a zero lead time (almost 80% of the cases), with SPI-3 representing the best option in about 40% of the grid cells at global scale. By also accounting for the benefits of a positive lead time, short accumulation periods tend to be favored, with SPI-1 being the optimal choice in about one-half of the cases, and 10–20 days of lead time in more than 90% of the grid cells is achieved without any significant reduction in either correlation or skill in drought extreme detection.
An Improved Ensemble of Land Surface Air Temperatures Since 1880 Using Revised Pair-Wise Homogenization Algorithms Accounting for Autocorrelation
Authors: Chan Duo , Gebbie Geoffrey , Huybers Peter 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Land surface air temperatures (LSAT) inferred from weather station data differ among major research groups. The estimate by NOAA’s monthly Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCNm) averages 0.02°C cooler between 1880 and 1940 than Berkeley Earth’s and 0.14°C cooler than the Climate Research Unit estimates. Such systematic offsets can arise from differences in how poorly documented changes in measurement characteristics are detected and adjusted. Building upon an existing pairwise homogenization algorithm used in generating the fourth version of NOAA’s GHCNm(V4), PHA0, we propose two revisions to account for autocorrelation in climate variables. One version, PHA1, makes minimal modification to PHA0 by extending the threshold used in breakpoint detection to be a function of LSAT autocorrelation. The other version, PHA2, uses penalized likelihood to detect breakpoints through optimizing a model-selection problem globally. To facilitate efficient optimization for series with more than 1000 time steps, a multiparent genetic algorithm is proposed for PHA2. Tests on synthetic data generated by adding breakpoints to CMIP6 simulations and realizations from a Gaussian process indicate that PHA1 and PHA2 both similarly outperform PHA0 in recovering accurate climatic trends. Applied to unhomogenized GHCNmV4, both revised algorithms detect breakpoints that correspond with available station metadata. Uncertainties are estimated by perturbing algorithmic parameters, and an ensemble is constructed by pooling 50 PHA1- and 50 PHA2-based members. The continental-mean warming in this new ensemble is consistent with that of Berkeley Earth, despite using different homogenization approaches. Relative to unhomogenized data, our homogenization increases the 1880–2022 trend by 0.16 [0.12, 0.19]°C century−1 (95% confidence interval), leading to continental-mean warming of 1.65 [1.62, 1.69]°C over 2010–22 relative to 1880–1900.

Significance Statement
Accurately correcting for systematic errors in observational records of land surface air temperature (LSAT) is critical for quantifying historical warming. Existing LSAT estimates are subject to systematic offsets associated with processes including changes in instrumentation and station movement. This study improves a pairwise homogenization algorithm by accounting for the fact that climate signals are correlated over time. The revised algorithms outperform the original in identifying discontinuities and recovering accurate warming trends. Applied to monthly station temperatures, the revised algorithms adjust trends in continental mean LSAT since the 1880s to be 0.16°C century−1 greater relative to raw data. Our estimate is most consistent with that from Berkeley Earth and indicates lesser and greater warming than estimates from NOAA and the Met Office, respectively.
The Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Study: Methods and Initial Outcomes From an 18-Month Study of Patients in Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Dever Jill A. , Hertz Marci F. , Dunlap Laura J. , Richardson John S. , Wolicki Sara Beth , Biggers Bradley B. , Edlund Mark J. , Bohm Michele K. , Turcios Didier , Jiang Xinyi , Zhou Hong , Evans Mary E. , Guy Gery P. 
Published: January 2024

Objective: Opioid use disorder (OUD) affects approximately 5.6 million people in the United States annually, yet rates of the use of effective medication for OUD (MOUD) treatment are low. We conducted an observational cohort study from August 2017 through May 2021, the MOUD Study, to better understand treatment engagement and factors that may influence treatment experiences and outcomes. In this article, we describe the study design, data collected, and treatment outcomes. Methods: We recruited adult patients receiving OUD treatment at US outpatient facilities for the MOUD Study. We collected patient-level data at 5 time points (baseline to 18 months) via self-administered questionnaires and health record data. We collected facility-level data via questionnaires administered to facility directors at 2 time points. Across 16 states, 62 OUD treatment facilities participated, and 1974 patients enrolled in the study. We summarized descriptive data on the characteristics of patients and OUD treatment facilities and selected treatment outcomes. Results: Approximately half of the 62 facilities were private, nonprofit organizations; 62% focused primarily on substance use treatment; and 20% also offered mental health services. Most participants were receiving methadone (61%) or buprenorphine (32%) and were predominately non-Hispanic White (68%), aged 25-44 years (62%), and female (54%). Compared with patient-reported estimates at baseline, 18-month estimates suggested that rates of abstinence increased (55% to 77%), and rates of opioid-related overdoses (7% to 2%), emergency department visits (9% to 4%), and arrests (15% to 7%) decreased. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated the benefits of treatment retention not only on abstinence from opioid use but also on other quality-of-life metrics, with data collected during an extended period. The MOUD Study produced rich, multilevel data that can lay the foundation for an evidence base to inform OUD treatment and support improvement of care and patient outcomes.
Factors Influencing Medication Administration Errors as Perceived by Nurses in Pediatric Units in a Jordanian Tertiary Hospital: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Alshyyab Muhammad Ahmed , Ebbini Muna A. L. , Alslewi Asma’a , Hughes James , Borkoles Erika , FitzGerald Gerard , Albsoul Rania Ali 
Published: January 2024

Background: The World Health Organization declared that medication errors are the third largest global patient safety challenge. The medication administration stage is a common and susceptible stage for medical errors to occur. Objective: To explore the factors contributing to medication administration errors specifically in pediatric care units as perceived by nurses in a Jordanian hospital. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted involving face-to-face audio-recorded interviews with 9 nurses in a tertiary hospital located in the north of Jordan. A convenience sampling technique was used to select the participants of our study. Data were collected between October 2022 and November 2022. The data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: Four themes emerged affecting medication administration errors in pediatric care units. These were environmental, staff, parents and patient, and medication-related factors. Conclusion: The findings of this study raise awareness of the most frequent sources of medication errors in a Jordanian hospital. Holding training and supervision to raise awareness among nurses and the availability of equipment and supplies could improve medication safety practices.
Does a novel community-based outpatient palliative care intervention for Parkinson’s disease and related disorders improve care? Qualitative results from patients and care partners
Authors: Bock Meredith A , Macchi Zachary A , Harrison Krista L , Katz Maya , Dini Megan , Jones Jacqueline , Ayele Roman , Kutner Jean S , Pantilat Steven Z , Martin Christine , Sillau Stefan , Kluger Benzi 
Published: January 2024

Background: Palliative care has the potential to address significant unmet needs in people with Parkinson’s disease and related disorders, but models that rely on in-person specialty palliative care teams have limited scalability. Aim: To describe patient and care partner experiences with a novel, community-based palliative care intervention for Parkinson’s disease. Design: Qualitative study embedded in a randomized clinical trial to document participant experiences with a novel palliative care intervention (community neurologist training and remote team-based specialist palliative care). Transcripts were coded and thematically analyzed through a combination of team-based inductive and deductive coding. Setting/Participants: Twenty-eight patients and 33 care partners purposively sampled from participants in a randomized clinical trial of a palliative care intervention for Parkinson’s disease and related disorders conducted at nine sites. Results: Benefits of the intervention included management of a wider range of non-motor symptoms, facilitation of conversations about the future, greater engagement with the health care team, and increased referrals to resources. Participants identified areas of improvement, including uptake of palliative care training by community neurologists, additional prognostic counseling, and clarity and timeliness of communication with the multidisciplinary team. Conclusions: Clinicians caring for people with Parkinson’s disease and related disorders should screen for non-motor symptoms, provide regular prognostic counseling, and refer to specialty palliative care services earlier in the course of illness. Future interventions should be designed to promote uptake of palliative care training by community neurologists and further optimize referral to and coordination with in-person or remote specialty palliative teams.
Understanding the extent to which PROMs and PREMs used with older people with severe frailty capture their multidimensional needs: A scoping review
Authors: Howard Faith D , Green Richard , Harris Jenny , Ross Joy , Nicholson Caroline 
Published: January 2024

Background: Older people with severe frailty are nearing the end of life but their needs are often unknown and unmet. Systematic ways to capture and measure the needs of this group are required. Patient reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) & Patient reported Experience Measures (PREMs) are possible tools to assist this. Aim: To establish whether, and in what ways, the needs of older people living with severe frailty are represented within existing PROMs and PREMs and to examine the extent to which the measures have been validated with this patient group. Design: The scoping review follows the method of Arksey and O’Malley. Results: Seventeen papers from 9 countries meeting the inclusion criteria and 18 multi-dimensional measures were identified: 17 PROMs, and 1 PROM with PREM elements. Seven out of the 18 measures had evidence of being tested for validity with those with frailty. No measure was developed specifically for a frail population. Using the adapted framework of palliative need, five measures covered all five domains of palliative need (IPOS, ICECAP-SCM, PDI, WHOQOL-BREF, WHOQOL-OLD). The coverage of items within the domains varied between the measures. Conclusion: Existing PROMs and PREMs are not well designed for what we know about the needs of older people with severe frailty. Future research should firstly focus on adapting and validating the existing measures to ensure they are fit for purpose, and secondly on developing a better understanding of how measures are used to deliver/better person-centred care.
RAS Mutations Predict Recurrence-Free Survival and Recurrence Patterns in Colon Cancer: A Unicenter Study in Morocco
Authors: El Agy Fatima , El Bardai Sanae , Boukansa Sara , Bouguenouch Laila , Benbrahim Zineb , Mazaz Khalid , Benjelloun El Bachir , Ousadden Abdelmalek , Ouldim Karim , Ibrahimi Sidi Adil , Chbani Laila 
Published: January 2024

Purpose To date, only a few studies have investigated the role of molecular alterations in cancer recurrence. This exploratory study aimed to evaluate the impact of molecular alterations on the time and site of recurrence in patients with stage I–IV CRC and to identify the risk factors predicting recurrence-free survival in colon cancer. Methods A total of 270 patients were retrospectively included. We assessed the full RAS status using Sanger and pyrosequencing. MSI status was determined by immunohistochemical analysis. Molecular alterations were correlated with recurrence timing (early or late), recurrence patterns, and recurrence-free survival. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and the log-rank test. Results Of the 270 patients, 85 (31%) experienced recurrence, among whom 53% had mutant full RAS status, 48% had KRAS mutations, and 31.4% had KRAS p. G12V mutation subtype. Compared with those with late recurrence, patients with early recurrence were significantly older ( P = 0.02) and more likely to have poorly differentiated tumors, a higher rate of positive lymph nodes, KRAS mutations, and especially KRAS p. G12V mutation variant. RAS mutation status, KRAS mutations, and rare mutations are more common in patients with lung cancer recurrence. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that differentiation, perineural invasion, full RAS mutation status, and KRAS codon 13 mutations were independent factors for recurrence-free survival in colon cancer. Conclusion In this cohort, the timing and patterns of recurrence appeared to be associated with the patient’s molecular profile. KRAS codon 12 mutations were the worst predictors of recurrence-free survival at all stages in our population.
Theoretical and experimental investigation on the sound absorption performance of ultra-thin curled acoustic metasurface
Authors: Cheng Baozhu , Zhang Jiesen , Liu Yang , Sun Jiaqi , Li Bin , Hou Hong 
Published: January 2024

A simplified model of the absorption coefficient of traditional Helmholtz resonators (THR) was established, and the influence of different geometric parameters on the absorption coefficient of THR was analyzed. To realize the low-frequency broadband acoustic structure design, an accurate theoretical model for the sound absorption coefficient of the curled acoustic metasurface (CAM) unit was established. Based on the complex frequency plane method (CFPM), the CAM units with perfect sound absorption at four discrete frequencies were designed. The low-frequency broadband acoustic metasurfaces in parallel under decoupled and coupled conditions were studied, and the thickness is only 12 mm. The high efficiency of sound absorption above 0.8 was achieved in the frequency range of 758 Hz–940 Hz. The experiment verifies the efficient sound absorption effect of the CAM unit and the broadband sound absorption effect under coupled conditions. The research in this paper has a certain potential applications for low-frequency broadband noise control technology.
Patient Outcomes After Peripheral Nerve Injury Depend on Bimanual Dexterity and Preserved Use of the Affected Hand
Authors: Kim Taewon , Lohse Keith R. , Mackinnon Susan E. , Philip Benjamin A. 
Published: January 2024

Background Little is known about how peripheral nerve injury affects human performance, behavior, and life. Hand use choices are important for rehabilitation after unilateral impairment, but rarely measured, and are not changed by the normal course of rehabilitation and daily life. Objective To identify the relationship between hand use (L/R choices), motor performance, and patient-centered outcomes. Methods Participants (n = 48) with unilateral peripheral nerve injury were assessed for hand use via Block Building Task, Motor Activity Log, and Edinburgh Handedness Inventory; dexterity (separately for each hand) via Nine-Hole Peg Test, Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test, and a precision drawing task; patient-centered outcomes via surveys of disability, activity participation, and health-related quality of life; and injury-related factors including injury cause and affected nerve. Factor Analysis of Mixed Data was used to explore relationships between these variables. The data were analyzed under 2 approaches: comparing dominant hand (DH) versus non-dominant hand (NH), or affected versus unaffected hand. Results The data were best explained by 5 dimensions. Good patient outcomes were associated with NH performance, DH performance (separately and secondarily to NH performance), and preserved function and use of the affected hand; whereas poor patient outcomes were associated with preserved but unused function of the affected hand. Conclusion After unilateral peripheral nerve injury, hand function, hand usage, and patient life arise from a complex interaction of many factors. To optimize rehabilitation after unilateral impairment, new rehabilitation methods are needed to promote performance and use with the NH, as well as the injured hand.