bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiproxy bioarchaeological data reveals interplay between growth, diet and population dynamics across the transition to farming in the central Mediterranean
Authors: Parkinson E. W. , Stoddart S. , Sparacello V. , Bertoldi F. , Fonzo O. , Malone C. , Marini E. , Martinet F. , Moggi-Cecchi J. , Pacciani E. , Raiteri L. , Stock J. T. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe transition to farming brought on a series of important changes in human society, lifestyle, diet and health. The human bioarchaeology of the agricultural transition has received much attention, however, relatively few studies have directly tested the interrelationship between individual lifestyle factors and their implications for understanding life history changes among the first farmers. We investigate the interplay between skeletal growth, diet, physical activity and population size across 30,000 years in the central Mediterranean through a ‘big data’ cross-analysis of osteological data related to stature (n = 361), body mass (n = 334) and long bone biomechanics (n = 481), carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotopes (n = 1986 human,n = 475 animal) and radiocarbon dates (n = 5263). We present the observed trends on a continuous timescale in order to avoid grouping our data into assigned ‘time periods’, thus achieving greater resolution and chronological control over our analysis. The results identify important changes in human life history strategies associated with the first farmers, but also highlight the long-term nature of these trends in the millennia either side of the agricultural transition. The integration of these different data is an important step towards disentangling the complex relationship between demography, diet and health, and reconstruct life history changes within a southern European context. We believe the methodological approach adopted here has broader global implications for bioarchaeological studies of human adaptation more generally.
Slip considered path planning of a novel angled-spoke based robot in a terrain mixture of granular media and rigid support
Authors: Lee Kyungwook , Kim Chaewon , Ryu Sijun , Seo TaeWon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNavigation in terrains mixture of rigid support and granular media is associated with slippage. It is important to find the optimal path because slippage implies the possibility of a mobile robot being stuck in the sand. This research introduce concept of effective distance which consider effect of slippage to present a path planning algorithm. Effective distance is a conceptual distance that the mobile robot traverse to reach next node, and it is calculated based on traversable difficulty. Traversable difficulty varies with the slope angle, and the revolution speed of the angled spoke-based wheel (ASW) is estimated using meta-model. The meta-model is achieved empirically. Experiments have done in testbench which can implement slope angle and terrain types. Effectiveness of this algorithm was verified through simulation. For the simulations three cost determination methods, namely, the effective distance with varying revolution speed of the ASW, the effective distance with fixed revolution speed of the ASW, and actual distance were examined in four different scenarios. The effective distance with varying revolution speed of the ASW has maximum $$135.94\%$$

135.94
%

longer total actual distance. However, it results minimum $$44.72\%$$

44.72
%

shorter total effective distance.
The burden of psychological distress and unhealthy dietary behaviours among 222,401 school-going adolescents from 61 countries
Authors: Shawon Md Shajedur Rahman , Rouf Rashawan Raziur , Jahan Esrat , Hossain Fariha Binte , Mahmood Sultan , Gupta Rajat Das , Islam Md Irteja , Al Kibria Gulam Muhammed , Islam Shariful 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe aimed to calculate the sex-specific prevalence of psychological distress and unhealthy eating habits among adolescents across countries and regions, and to explore their potential associations. We used data from the Global School-Based Health Survey (GSHS) for 61 countries. Psychological distress was defined based on the existence of ≥ 2 factors from the following: loneliness, anxiety, suicide ideation, suicide planning, and suicide attempt. Four unhealthy dietary behaviours were examined: inadequate fruit intake, inadequate vegetable intake, daily consumption of soft drinks, and weekly fast-food consumption. We used random-effects meta-analysis to estimate the overall and regional pooled prevalence. Mixed-effect multilevel logistic regressions were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of unhealthy dietary behaviours in relation to psychological distress. Among 222,401 school-going adolescents (53.3% girls), the prevalence of psychological distress was 17.9%, with girls reporting higher than boys (20.8% vs. 14.9%). Adolescents in the African region reported the highest prevalence (22.5%), while those in the South-East Asia region reported the lowest (11.3%). The prevalence of inadequate fruit intake, inadequate vegetable intake, daily soft drink consumption, and weekly fast-food consumption was 37.0%, 28.5%, 50.0%, and 57.4% respectively. Psychological distress was associated with inadequate fruit intake (pooled aOR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.17–1.23), inadequate vegetable intake (pooled OR = 1.19, 1.16–1.22), daily consumption of soft drinks (pooled aOR = 1.14, 1.12–1.17), and weekly consumption of fast food (pooled aOR = 1.12, 1.09–1.15). Our findings indicate a substantial variance in the burden of psychological distress and unhealthy dietary behaviours across different regions. Adolescents experiencing psychological distress were more likely to have unhealthy dietary habits.
SARS-COV-2 Omicron variants conformationally escape a rare quaternary antibody binding mode
Authors: Goike Jule , Hsieh Ching-Lin , Horton Andrew P. , Gardner Elizabeth C. , Zhou Ling , Bartzoka Foteini , Wang Nianshuang , Javanmardi Kamyab , Herbert Andrew , Abbassi Shawn , Xie Xuping , Xia Hongjie , Shi Pei-Yong , Renberg Rebecca , Segall-Shapiro Thomas H. , Terrace Cynthia I. , Wu Wesley , Shroff Raghav , Byrom Michelle , Ellington Andrew D. , Marcotte Edward M. , Musser James M. , Kuchipudi Suresh V. , Kapur Vivek , Georgiou George , Weaver Scott C. , Dye John M. , Boutz Daniel R. , McLellan Jason S. , Gollihar Jimmy D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 into more easily transmissible and infectious variants has provided unprecedented insight into mutations enabling immune escape. Understanding how these mutations affect the dynamics of antibody-antigen interactions is crucial to the development of broadly protective antibodies and vaccines. Here we report the characterization of a potent neutralizing antibody (N3-1) identified from a COVID-19 patient during the first disease wave. Cryogenic electron microscopy revealed a quaternary binding mode that enables direct interactions with all three receptor-binding domains of the spike protein trimer, resulting in extraordinary avidity and potent neutralization of all major variants of concern until the emergence of Omicron. Structure-based rational design of N3-1 mutants improved binding to all Omicron variants but only partially restored neutralization of the conformationally distinct Omicron BA.1. This study provides new insights into immune evasion through changes in spike protein dynamics and highlights considerations for future conformationally biased multivalent vaccine designs.
Inverse design of nonlinear mechanical metamaterials via video denoising diffusion models
Authors: Bastek Jan-Hendrik , Kochmann Dennis M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe accelerated inverse design of complex material properties—such as identifying a material with a given stress–strain response over a nonlinear deformation path—holds great potential for addressing challenges from soft robotics to biomedical implants and impact mitigation. Although machine learning models have provided such inverse mappings, they are typically restricted to linear target properties such as stiffness. Here, to tailor the nonlinear response, we show that video diffusion generative models trained on full-field data of periodic stochastic cellular structures can successfully predict and tune their nonlinear deformation and stress response under compression in the large-strain regime, including buckling and contact. Key to success is to break from the common strategy of directly learning a map from property to design and to extend the framework to intrinsically estimate the expected deformation path and the full-field internal stress distribution, which closely agree with finite element simulations. This work thus has the potential to simplify and accelerate the identification of materials with complex target performance.
Hostility has a trivial effect on persuasiveness of rebutting science denialism on social media
Authors: Schmid Philipp , Werner Benedikt 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPolarised social media debates between science deniers and advocates for science frequently devolve into hostilities. We conducted four preregistered experiments (N = 3226; U.S. Americans) to assess how hostility influences the impact of misinformation from science deniers and rebuttals from advocates in social media discussions about vaccination (Experiment 1–3) and genetically modified food (Experiment 4). Results revealed only trivial to small effects of hostility on the persuasiveness of discussants: most internal meta-analyses revealed that the effects of hostility were smaller than the smallest effect size of interest (SESOI: d = 0.2). Thus, rebuttal is effective in mitigating the impact of misinformation on attitudes towards behaviours dismissed by deniers (for example, vaccination) and intentions to perform these behaviours, even if advocates for science lose their temper. Not responding had negative effects. Likewise, misinformation was impactful even if presented in a hostile tone. Hostility, however, consistently reduced the perceived competence of messages.
Discovery of new dibenzodiazepine derivatives as antibacterials against intracellular bacteria
Authors: Chen Ling-Han , Lin Man-Yi , Lin Hsueh-Chun , Yang Fan-Wei , Liao Hsiao-Wei , Shiau Chung-Wai , Chiu Hao-Chieh , Su Jung-Chen 
Published: December 2023

A tricyclic core derivative, SW33, showed potency against intracellular drug-resistant strains of S. typhimurium and other intracellular pathogens with no toxicity, indicating a broad-spectrum activity against intracellular bacteria.
Neural mechanisms of dopamine function in learning and memory in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: McMillen Anna , Chew Yee Lian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Research into learning and memory over the past decades has revealed key neurotransmitters that regulate these processes, many of which are evolutionarily conserved across diverse species. The monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine is one example of this, with countless studies demonstrating its importance in regulating behavioural plasticity. However, dopaminergic neural networks in the mammalian brain consist of hundreds or thousands of neurons, and thus cannot be studied at the level of single neurons acting within defined neural circuits. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has an experimentally tractable nervous system with a completely characterized synaptic connectome. This makes it an advantageous system to undertake mechanistic studies into how dopamine encodes lasting yet flexible behavioural plasticity in the nervous system. In this review, we synthesize the research to date exploring the importance of dopaminergic signalling in learning, memory formation, and forgetting, focusing on research in C. elegans. We also explore the potential for dopamine-specific fluorescent biosensors in C. elegans to visualize dopaminergic neural circuits during learning and memory formation in real-time. We propose that the use of these sensors in C. elegans, in combination with optogenetic and other light-based approaches, will further illuminate the detailed spatiotemporal requirements for encoding behavioural plasticity in an accessible experimental system. Understanding the key molecules and circuit mechanisms that regulate learning and forgetting in more compact invertebrate nervous systems may reveal new druggable targets for enhancing memory storage and delaying memory loss in bigger brains.
Improved scheme based on memory voltage for transformer differential protection considering the effects of PLL
Authors: Zheng Tao , Zhang Ruozhu , Chen Ying , Ai Jingwen , Sun Yilin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe phase‐locked loop (PLL) is a critical control module applied in the control system of renewable energy sources (RESs) to synchronize with the grid voltage. When a fault occurs, the dynamic response process of the PLL will generate a phase locking error, resulting in a mass of harmonic components in the fault current of the PV inverter, which further poses challenges to transformer differential protection. To address the challenges posed by the phase locking error in practical engineering applications, this paper proposes an improved scheme that uses a digital computer algorithm to record and store the pre‐fault voltage and introduces the limiting coefficient. Firstly, the memory voltage is used to eliminate the phase locking error of the PLL, thereby mitigating harmonic distortion in the fault current of the RESs and ensuring the reliability of the transformer differential protection. In addition, the limiting coefficient is introduced to eliminate the effect of the increased amplitude of the fault current caused by the memory voltage. The voltage reference value of the inverter is multiplied by an appropriate limiting coefficient k and then output to the physical system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation.
Detecting active latitudes of Sun-like stars using asteroseismic a-coefficients
Authors: Benomar Othman , Takata Masao , Bazot Michael , Sekii Takashi , Gizon Laurent , Lu Yuting 
Published: December 2023

Aims. We introduce a framework to measure the asphericity of Sun-like stars using a1, a2, and a4 coefficients and constrain their latitudes of magnetic activity.
Methods. We evaluated systematic errors on the inferred coefficients in function of key physical and seismic parameters (inclination of rotation axis, average rotation, height-to-noise ratio of peaks in power spectrum). The measured a-coefficients account for rotational oblateness and the effect of surface magnetic activity. We used a simple model that assumes a single latitudinal band of activity.
Results. Using solar SOHO, VIRGO, and SPM data, we demonstrate the capability of the method to detect the mean active latitude and its intensity changes between 1999 and 2002 (maximum of activity) and 2006 and 2009 (minimum of activity). We further applied the method to study the solar-analogue stars 16 Cyg A and B using Kepler observations. In 16 Cyg A, we detected an equatorial band of activity exhibiting an intensity that could be comparable to that of the Sun. However, 16 Cyg B exhibits a bimodality in a4 that is challenging to explain. We suggest that this could be a manifestation of the transition between a quiet and an active phase of activity. Validating or invalidating this hypothesis may require new observations.
Insights from super-metal-rich stars: Is the Milky Way bar young?
Authors: Nepal S. , Chiappini C. , Guiglion G. , Steinmetz M. , Pérez-Villegas A. , Queiroz A. B. , Miglio A. , Dohme P. , Khalatyan A. 
Published: December 2023

Context. Bar formation and merger events can contribute to the rearrangement of stars within the Galaxy in addition to triggering star formation (SF) epochs. Super-metal-rich (SMR) stars found in the solar neighbourhood (SNd) can be used as tracers of such events as they are expected to originate only in the inner Galaxy and to have definitely migrated.Aims. We study a homogeneous and large sample of SMR stars in the SNd to provide tighter constraints on the epoch of the bar formation and its impact on the Milky Way (MW) disc stellar populations.Methods. We investigated a sample of 169 701 main sequence turnoff (MSTO) and subgiant branch (SGB) stars with 6D phase space information and high-quality stellar parameters coming from thehybrid-CNNanalysis of theGaia-DR3 RVS stars. We computed distances and ages using theStarHorsecode with a mean precision of 1% and 11%, respectively. Of these stars, 11 848 have metallicity ([Fe/H]) above 0.15 dex.Results. We report a metallicity dependence of spatial distribution of stellar orbits shown by the bimodal distribution in the guiding radius (Rg) at 6.9 and 7.9 kpc, first appearing at [Fe/H] ~ 0.1 dex, becoming very pronounced at higher [Fe/H]. In addition, we observe a trend where the most metal-rich stars, with [Fe/H] ~ 0.4 dex, are predominantly old (9–12 Gyr), but show a gradual decline in [Fe/H] with age, reaching approximately 0.25 dex about 4 Gyr ago, followed by a sharp drop around 3 Gyr ago. Furthermore, our full dataset reveals a clear peak in the age–metallicity relationship during the same period, indicating a SF burst around 3–4 Gyr ago with slightly sub-solar [Fe/H] and enhanced [α/Fe].Conclusions. We show that the SMR stars are good tracers of bar activity.We interpret the steep decrease in the number of SMR stars at around 3 Gyr as the end of the bar formation epoch. In this scenario the peak of bar activity also coincides with a peak in the SF activity in the disc. Although the SF burst around 3 Gyr ago has been reported previously, its origin was unclear. Here we suggest that the SF burst was triggered by the high bar activity, 3–4 Gyr ago. According to these results and interpretation, the MW bar could be young.
Association between SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity and Severity of Out-of-Hospital Acute Ischemic Stroke Following Asymptomatic/Mild COVID-19 in Children
Authors: Abdelkreem Elsayed , Mahmoud Ekram A. , Mohamed Nesma A. , Abd-Elrehim Ghada A. B. , Fahmy Eman M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective This article investigates the frequency of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seropositivity and its association with the severity of new-onset acute ischemic stroke (AIS) among previously healthy children with asymptomatic/mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Methods A case–control study that included children < 18 years with out-of-hospital AIS of undetermined etiology and a control group of healthy children. Exclusion criteria were current respiratory symptoms, previous COVID-19 diagnosis, prior COVID-19 vaccination, active SARS-CoV-2 infection, history of hospital admission in the last 6 months, and having a stroke predisposition. We screened children for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The severity of stroke was evaluated using the Pediatric National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (PedNIHSS).
Results The current study included 25 children (15 males and 10 females; median age 24 months) with out-of-hospital AIS and 25 healthy controls (11 males and 14 females; median age 24 months). SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was detected in 15 (60%) of AIS children and 11 (44%) among controls (p = 0.258). Compared with seronegative AIS children, those seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 had higher PedNIHSS scores (median 19 vs. 8.5; p = 0.001), pediatric intensive care unit admission (93.3% vs. 40%; p = 0.007), need for mechanical ventilation (53.3% vs. 10%; p = 0.040), and D-dimer levels (median 3.5 vs. 1.75 μg/mL; p < 0.001).
Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity may be associated with more severe AIS affecting previously healthy children during the postacute phase of asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic COVID-19.
Identification of a Novel lncRNA in Diagnosis of Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy Using a Comprehensive Analysis of lncRNA-mRNA Network
Authors: Li Yue , Liu Zhongqiang , Tang Ruixiang , Deng Maoyun , Wu Jinlin , Lu Guoyan , Li Yifei , Fan Zhenxin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in various biological processes, particularly in the regulation of inflammatory responses and myocardial injuries. Notably, the role of lncRNAs in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) has been highlighted. However, a comprehensive analysis investigating the specific circulating lncRNAs associated with SIC has yet to be conducted. Therefore, we conducted a study involving samples from healthy controls, sepsis patients without myocardial injuries, individuals with cardiac dysfunction following heart surgery, and those with SIC, aiming to identify the distinct lncRNAs involved in SIC.
Methods A total of 12 blood samples were collected, including healthy controls, sepsis patients without myocardial injuries, patients with cardiac surgery-related myocardial injuries, and patients with SIC, who were aged from 10 to 22 months. Transcriptome sequencing was conducted to identify differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and mRNAs. Venn plots were employed to identify the DE RNAs specific to SIC. Subsequently, enrichment analyses were performed using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes terms. A coexpression network between lncRNAs and mRNAs was constructed, focusing on protein–protein interaction features. Then, further validation had been done in a consecutive larger cohort.
Results We identified independent DE mRNAs and lncRNAs specific to SIC patients. The analysis of DE mRNAs revealed that immune activation, particularly innate immune activity, was the primary distinction between sepsis with or without myocardial injuries. Furthermore, cytokine production, particularly interleukin-1 secretion, played a significant role in inducing SIC. The expression profiles of DE lncRNAs showed considerable enrichment in shared topics with mRNAs. Subsequently, we identified lncRNAs targeting the DE mRNAs, many of which were involved in immune responses and cytokine production. We established a coexpression network between lncRNAs and mRNAs, leading to the discovery of a novel lncRNA (TCONS_00136255). Finally, we successfully validated TCONS_00136255, demonstrating its acceptable diagnostic accuracy and its role in regulating major molecular processes involved in SIC.
Conclusion lncRNAs actively participate in the significant biological changes associated with immune responses in sepsis-induced myocardial injuries. These lncRNAs interact with mRNAs to modulate inflammation activity and cytokine production. Notably, the identification of the novel lncRNA (TCONS_00136255) highlights its crucial regulatory role in SIC.
Reframing Zhuangzi through recontextualization
Authors: Huang Guangzhe 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Within a multimodal framework, this study investigates the images of Zhuangzi (author of the Chinese Classic

莊子
Zhuangzi) represented by
the front covers of both the comic adaptation
莊子説 Zhuangzi Shuo and its three translations. It is found these covers represent
different images of Zhuangzi through processes of recontextualization. In the Chinese adaptation Zhuangzi Shuo,
Zhuangzi, while being emphasized as a revered ancient Chinese philosopher, is remolded from an author into a funny speaker
absorbed in expressing his thoughts regardless of whether there is any audience. In Zhuangzi Speaks, an English
translation published in America, Zhuangzi is repackaged as a friendly interlocutor sharing with readers his thoughts. In
The Sayings of Zhuang Zi, another English translation published in Singapore, Zhuangzi is reshaped as a
historical figure for detached observation, one frustrated by chaos in reality and investing his thought into his writing. In
Lehrsprüche des Dschuang Dsi, a German translation translated indirectly from the Singaporean one, Zhuangzi,
while being a historical figure for detached observation as well, is re-reshaped as a reputable Chinese sage, who is old-fashioned
but accessible. Differences in these images can be ascribed to diverse perceptions of comics and Zhuangzi in the countries
concerned.