bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partners’ experiences of breastfeeding: a qualitative evaluation of a breastfeeding support intervention in Sweden
Authors: Blixt Ingrid , Axelsson Ove , Funkquist Eva-Lotta 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The World Health Organization states that women and their families need breastfeeding support from the healthcare system. However, knowledge about the most effective way to involve the partner in breastfeeding is lacking. A qualitative evaluation can provide insight and knowledge about the partner’s experiences towards a breastfeeding support intervention and thus contribute to how forthcoming breastfeeding support policies are designed. The aim of this study was to explore partners’ experiences regarding breastfeeding while participating in The Breastfeeding Study.

Methods
An exploratory, longitudinal and qualitative design was used. This study was part of The Breastfeeding Study, which took place in Sweden. The intervention was performed in line with the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. Partners in the in the intervention group (IG) were part of a structured breastfeeding support programme. An individual breastfeeding plan was established in cooperation with the parents-to-be during pregnancy, and the plan was followed up at the child healthcare centre. A purposive sample was recruited from March to December 2021. Interviews and diary entries from IG (n = 8) and control group (CG) (n = 8) during pregnancy and 2 months after birth were analysed by content analysis, in accordance with the COREQ guidelines.

Results
Partners’ experiences can be summarised under the main category of ‘Striving to be part of the family and important that the family’s everyday life was well-functioning’. IG partners experienced that both parents were involved and cooperated in the breastfeeding process and that guidance from healthcare professionals (HCPs) helped them to feel secure. CG partners experienced feeling excluded and not receiving support from HCPs.

Conclusion
Both parents need to be targeted in breastfeeding support policies to meet the support needs. Midwives at antenatal care and child healthcare nurses at the child healthcare centre have important roles to play in providing structured breastfeeding support and a breastfeeding plan. Both IG and CG partners strived to become a part of the infant’s life and to make family life work. Midwives should involve both parents in a reflective dialogue on how the partner can be involved, apart from just feeding the infant.

Trial registration
Retrospectively registered in ACTRN12623000648628.
The SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway mediates the anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect of liquiritigenin
Authors: Hua Qingzhong , Ren Lu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
At present, the treatment options available for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are both limited and often come with severe side effects, emphasizing the pressing requirement for innovative therapeutic alternatives. Myofibroblasts, which hold a central role in pulmonary fibrosis, have a close association with the Smad signaling pathway induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and the transformation of myofibroblasts driven by oxidative stress. Liquiritigenin, an active compound extracted from the traditional Chinese herb licorice, boasts a wide array of biomedical properties, such as anti-fibrosis and anti-oxidation. The primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of liquiritigenin on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice and the underlying mechanisms.

Methods
The anti-pulmonary fibrosis and anti-oxidant effects of liquiritigenin in vivo were tested by HE staining, Masson staining, DHE staining and bio-chemical methods. In vitro, primary mouse lung fibroblasts were treated with TGF-β1 with or without liquiritigenin, the effects of liquiritigenin in inhibiting differentiation of myofibroblasts and facilitating the translocation of Nrf2 were valued using Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR), western blotting and immunofluorescence. Nrf2 siRNA and SIRT1 siRNA were used to investigate the mechanism underlies liquiritigenin’s effect in inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation.

Results
Liquiritigenin displayed a dose-dependent reduction effect in bleomycin-induced fibrosis. In laboratory experiments, it was evident that liquiritigenin possessed the ability to enhance and activate sirtuin1 (SIRT1), thereby facilitating the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and mitigating the oxidative stress-induced differentiation of primary mouse myofibroblasts. Moreover, our investigation unveiled that SIRT1 not only regulated myofibroblast differentiation via Nrf2-mediated antioxidant responses against oxidative stress but also revealed liquiritigenin's activation of SIRT1, enabling direct binding to Smad. This led to decreased phosphorylation of the Smad complex, constrained nuclear translocation, and suppressed acetylation of the Smad complex, ultimately curtailing the transcription of fibrotic factors. Validation in live subjects provided substantial evidence for the anti-fibrotic efficacy of liquiritigenin through the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Conclusions
Our findings imply that targeting myofibroblast differentiation via the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway may constitute a pivotal strategy for liquiritigenin-based therapy against pulmonary fibrosis.
Knowledge mapping of spastic cerebral palsy. A bibliometric analysis of global research (2000–2022)
Authors: Wang Xing , Teh Siew Hoon , Wang Xing-hua 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Cerebral palsy (CP) is characterized by abnormal pronunciation, posture, and movement. Spastic CP accounts for more than 70% of all CP. To date, there has been no bibliometric analysis to summarize study on spastic CP. Here, we aim to conduct a bibliometric analysis of spastic CP to summarize this field's knowledge structure, research hotspots, and frontiers.

Method
Publications about spastic CP were searched utilizing the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database from 1 January 2000 to 30 November 2022, the WoSCC literature analysis wire, VOSviewer 1.6.18, CiteSpace 6.1.R4 and Online analysis platform for bibliometrics were used to conduct the analysis.

Results
A total of 3988 publications, consisting of 3699 articles and 289 reviews, were included in our study. The United States emerged as the most productive country, while Kathleen Univ Leuven was the most productive institution. The leading author was Desloovere K. A total of 238 journals contributed to this field, with Developmental medicine and child neurology being the leading journal. Important keywords and keyword clusters included Spastic cerebral palsy, Reliability, and Gross motor function. Keywords identified through burst detection indicated that hotspots in this field were management, randomized controlled trials, and definition.

Conclusion
Based on the analysis of bibliometric on spastic CP over the past 20 years, the trends and the knowledge graph of the countries, institutions, authors, references, and the keywords have been identified, providing accurate and expedited insights into critical information and potentially new directions in the study of spastic CP.
Digital image analysis and machine learning-assisted prediction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Fisher Timothy B. , Saini Geetanjali , Rekha T. S. , Krishnamurthy Jayashree , Bhattarai Shristi , Callagy Grace , Webber Mark , Janssen Emiel A. M. , Kong Jun , Aneja Ritu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Pathological complete response (pCR) is associated with favorable prognosis in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, only 30–40% of TNBC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) show pCR, while the remaining 60–70% show residual disease (RD). The role of the tumor microenvironment in NAC response in patients with TNBC remains unclear. In this study, we developed a machine learning-based two-step pipeline to distinguish between various histological components in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained whole slide images (WSIs) of TNBC tissue biopsies and to identify histological features that can predict NAC response.

Methods
H&E-stained WSIs of treatment-naïve biopsies from 85 patients (51 with pCR and 34 with RD) of the model development cohort and 79 patients (41 with pCR and 38 with RD) of the validation cohort were separated through a stratified eightfold cross-validation strategy for the first step and leave-one-out cross-validation strategy for the second step. A tile-level histology label prediction pipeline and four machine-learning classifiers were used to analyze 468,043 tiles of WSIs. The best-trained classifier used 55 texture features from each tile to produce a probability profile during testing. The predicted histology classes were used to generate a histology classification map of the spatial distributions of different tissue regions. A patient-level NAC response prediction pipeline was trained with features derived from paired histology classification maps. The top graph-based features capturing the relevant spatial information across the different histological classes were provided to the radial basis function kernel support vector machine (rbfSVM) classifier for NAC treatment response prediction.

Results
The tile-level prediction pipeline achieved 86.72% accuracy for histology class classification, while the patient-level pipeline achieved 83.53% NAC response (pCR vs. RD) prediction accuracy of the model development cohort. The model was validated with an independent cohort with tile histology validation accuracy of 83.59% and NAC prediction accuracy of 81.01%. The histological class pairs with the strongest NAC response predictive ability were tumor and tumor tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for pCR and microvessel density and polyploid giant cancer cells for RD.

Conclusion
Our machine learning pipeline can robustly identify clinically relevant histological classes that predict NAC response in TNBC patients and may help guide patient selection for NAC treatment.
Effects of small-dose S-ketamine on anesthesia-induced atelectasis in patients undergoing general anesthesia accessed by lung ultrasound: study protocol for a randomized, double-blinded controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Di , Liang Yi , Bao Di , Xiong Wei , Li Lu , Wang Yaxin , Liu Bin , Jin Xu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Atelectasis after anesthesia induction in most patients undergoing general anesthesia may lead to postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) and affect postoperative outcomes. However, there is still no existing effective method used for the prevention of perioperative atelectasis. S-ketamine may prevent atelectasis due to airway smooth muscle relaxation and anti-inflammatory effects. Lung ultrasound is a portable and reliable bedside imaging technology for diagnosing anesthesia-induced atelectasis. The primary objective of this study is to assess whether a small dose of S-ketamine can reduce the incidence of atelectasis after intubation, and further investigate the effects of preventing the early formation of perioperative atelectasis and PPCs.

Methods
This is a single-institution, prospective, randomized controlled, parallel grouping, and double-blind study. From October 2020 to March 2022, 100 patients (18–60 years old) scheduled for elective surgery will be recruited from Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, and randomly assigned to the S-ketamine group (group 1) and the normal saline group (group 2) at a ratio of 1:1. The label-masked agents will be administered 5 min before induction, and all patients will undergo a standardized general anesthesia protocol. Related data will be collected at three time points: after radial artery puncture (T1), 15 min after tracheal intubation (T2), and before extubation (T3). The primary outcome will be the total lung ultrasound scores (LUS) at T2. Secondary outcomes will include LUS in six chest regions at T2, total LUS at T3, arterial blood gas analysis results (PaCO2, PaO2) and PaO2/FiO2 at T2 and T3, and plateau pressure (Pplat) and dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) at T2 and T3. The incidence of postoperative complications associated with S-ketamine and PPCs at 2 h and 24 h after surgery will be recorded.

Discussion
This trial aims to explore whether a simple and feasible application of S-ketamine before the induction of general anesthesia can prevent atelectasis. The results of this study may provide new ideas and direct clinical evidence for the prevention and treatment of perioperative pulmonary complications during anesthesia.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04745286. Registered on February 9, 2021.
Vector competence of Ixodes ricinus instars for the transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in different small mammalian hosts
Authors: Lindsø Lars K. , Viljugrein Hildegunn , Mysterud Atle 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Many pathogens and parasites can infect multiple host species, and the competence of different hosts as pathogen reservoirs is key to understanding their epidemiology. Small mammals are important hosts for the instar stages of Ixodes ricinus ticks, the principal vector of Lyme disease in Europe. Small mammals also act as reservoirs of Borrelia afzelii, the most common genospecies of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) spirochetes causing Lyme disease in Europe. However, we lack quantitative estimates on whether different small mammal species are equally suitable hosts for feeding I. ricinus and whether they show differences in pathogen transmission from host to tick.

Methods
Here, we analysed the feeding success and prevalence of B. burgdorferi s.l. infections in 12,987 instar I. ricinus found on captured small mammals with known infection status in Norway (2018–2022).

Results
We found that larvae were more likely to acquire a blood meal from common shrews (Sorex araneus, 46%) compared to bank voles (Myodes glareolus, 31%) and wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus, 36%). Nymphs tended to be more likely to acquire a blood meal from wood mice (66%) compared to bank voles (54%). Common shrews harboured few nymphs (n=19). Furthermore, we found that larvae feeding on infected bank voles (11%) were more likely to be infected with B. burgdorferi s.l. than larvae on infected common shrews (7%) or wood mice (4%).

Conclusions
Our study provides quantitative evidence of differences in suitability for the instar stages of I. ricinus across taxa of small mammals and highlights how even known small mammal host species can differ in their ability to feed ticks and infect larval ticks with the pathogen causing Lyme disease.

Graphical Abstract
Detecting GNSS spoofing using deep learning
Authors: Borhani-Darian Parisa , Li Haoqing , Wu Peng , Closas Pau 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGlobal Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is pervasively used in position, navigation, and timing (PNT) applications. As a consequence, important assets have become vulnerable to intentional attacks on GNSS, where of particular relevance is spoofing transmissions that aim at superseding legitimate signals with forged ones in order to control a receiver’s PNT computations. Detecting such attacks is therefore crucial, and this article proposes to employ an algorithm based on deep learning to achieve the task. A data-driven classifier is considered that has two components: a deep learning model that leverages parallelization to reduce its computational complexity and a clustering algorithm that estimates the number and parameters of the spoofing signals. Based on the experimental results, it can be concluded that the proposed scheme exhibits superior performance compared to the existing solutions, especially under moderate-to-high signal-to-noise ratios.
Advanced series decomposition with a gated recurrent unit and graph convolutional neural network for non-stationary data patterns
Authors: Han Huimin , Neira-Molina Harold , Khan Asad , Fang Meie , Mahmoud Haitham A. , Awwad Emad Mahrous , Ahmed Bilal , Ghadi Yazeed Yasin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, we present the EEG-GCN, a novel hybrid model for the prediction of time series data, adept at addressing the inherent challenges posed by the data's complex, non-linear, and periodic nature, as well as the noise that frequently accompanies it. This model synergizes signal decomposition techniques with a graph convolutional neural network (GCN) for enhanced analytical precision. The EEG-GCN approaches time series data as a one-dimensional temporal signal, applying a dual-layered signal decomposition using both Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) and GRU. This two-pronged decomposition process effectively eliminates noise interference and distills the complex signal into more tractable sub-signals. These sub-signals facilitate a more straightforward feature analysis and learning process. To capitalize on the decomposed data, a graph convolutional neural network (GCN) is employed to discern the intricate feature interplay within the sub-signals and to map the interdependencies among the data points. The predictive model then synthesizes the weighted outputs of the GCN to yield the final forecast. A key component of our approach is the integration of a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) with EEMD within the GCN framework, referred to as EEMD-GRU-GCN. This combination leverages the strengths of GRU in capturing temporal dependencies and the EEMD's capability in handling non-stationary data, thereby enriching the feature set available for the GCN and enhancing the overall predictive accuracy and stability of the model. Empirical evaluations demonstrate that the EEG-GCN model achieves superior performance metrics. Compared to the baseline GCN model, EEG-GCN shows an average R2 improvement of 60% to 90%, outperforming the other methods. These results substantiate the advanced predictive capability of our proposed model, underscoring its potential for robust and accurate time series forecasting.
Renewable energy as a connecting spot between China and Central and Eastern European countries: status, directions and perspectives
Authors: Šekarić Stojanović Nevena , Zakić Katarina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Considering energy- and climate-related policies adopted, the European Union and the People’s Republic of China are expected to be on the same trajectory of reducing pollution, aiming for carbon neutrality in 2050 and 2060, respectively. However, although they share a common goal of more sustainable development, their targets and means often collide. The main objective of the study is to identify the main similarities and differences in approaches to energy and climate policies in the European Union and the People’s Republic of China, with special attention given to the scope, past, present, and future of Chinese investments in renewable energy projects in the countries of the Central and Eastern European region, and to reveal the prevailing factors of the (un)successful renewable energy projects in those countries eventually. The methods used are literature review and qualitative content analysis of the European Union’s and the People’s Republic of China’s energy- and climate-related policies according to the prescribed indicators (from 2005 onwards) and in-depth exploratory desk research of cooperation in renewable energy projects between the People’s Republic of China and 14 Central and Eastern European Countries (from 2014 onwards).

Results
The study showed that despite the significant alignment of the European Union’s and the People’s Republic of China’s energy- and climate-related policies on a normative level, renewable energy cooperation between the People’s Republic of China and Central and Eastern European countries on a practical level is moderate. This state of play mainly results from political factors, such as rising levels of Sino-scepticism and the overall deterioration of the European Union–People’s Republic of China relations.

Conclusions
The study showed that political rather than economic or legal factors had a great impact on the Chinese presence in the domain of renewable energy in the countries of the Central and Eastern European region. However, the significant alignment of the European Union’s and the People’s Republic of China’s energy- and climate-related policies and dedication to common energy transition targets offer room for improving renewable energy cooperation. Overcoming political and economic divergences imposes a condition for achieving better cooperation in the renewable energy domain.
One step closer: Laypeople’s perception of production steps for manufacturing CO2-based jet fuel
Authors: Engelmann Linda , Arning Katrin , Ziefle Martina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The need for greenhouse gas abatement measures grows as climate change threatens life on earth. Negative emission technologies, such as carbon capture and utilization (CCU), can reduce emissions from the transport sector, particularly aviation. However, the lack of support and low public acceptance can impact the successful introduction of new technologies. This study analyzes the factors that influence acceptance of the single production steps (capture, purification, conversion, and transport of CO2) of production of CO2-based jet fuels to identify acceptance hot spots and potential roll-out barriers.

Results
In a quantitative survey with n = 543 German respondents, we find that transport of CO2 in comparison with capture, purification, and conversion of CO2 into hydrocarbons is perceived as less acceptable, efficient, and useful, more expensive as well as damaging for the environment and health. Furthermore, product-step specific risk perceptions, as well as benefit and barrier perceptions for CCU mainly predict people’s attitude towards the four production steps. A cluster-analysis revealed two groups, “Approvers” and “Sceptics”, which were characterized by distinctive perception profiles. Further analysis showed that sustainability (e.g., use of renewable energy) and efficiency (e.g., carbon removal and resource use) were of greater importance to Approvers.

Conclusions
The study’s results suggest the need for further research and information provision to enhance public understanding of the technology and its role as a part of circular economy approaches. Risk perceptions play a central role in determining attitudes towards CCU, which should be considered in future studies and communication strategies. The findings can inform policymakers, industry stakeholders, and communication experts working to promote sustainable aviation fuel technologies.