bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaia DR3 data consistent with a short bar connected to a spiral arm
Authors: Vislosky E , Minchev I , Khoperskov S , Martig M , Buck T , Hilmi T , Ratcliffe B , Bland-Hawthorn J , Quillen A C , Steinmetz M , de Jong R 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
We use numerical simulations to model Gaia  DR3 data with the aim of constraining the Milky Way (MW) bar and spiral structure parameters. We show that both the morphology and the velocity field in MW-like galactic disc models are strong functions of time, changing dramatically over a few tens of Myr. This suggests that by finding a good match to the observed radial velocity field, vR(x, y), we can constrain the bar-spiral orientation. Incorporating uncertainties into our models is necessary to match the data; most importantly, a heliocentric distance uncertainty above 10–15 per cent distorts the bar’s shape and vR quadrupole pattern morphology, and decreases its apparent angle with respect to the Sun-Galactocentric line. An excellent match to the Gaia  DR3 vR(x, y) field is found for a simulation with a bar length Rb ≈ 3.6 kpc. We argue that the data are consistent with an MW bar as short as ∼3 kpc, for moderate strength inner disc spiral structure (A2/A0 ≈ 0.25) or, alternatively, with a bar length up to ∼5.2 kpc, provided that spiral arms are quite weak (A2/A0 ≈ 0.1), and is most likely in the process of disconnecting from a spiral arm. We demonstrate that the bar angle and distance uncertainty can similarly affect the match between our models and the data – a smaller bar angle (20° instead of 30°) requires smaller distance uncertainty (20 per cent instead of 30 per cent) to explain the observations. Fourier components of the face-on density distribution of our models suggest that the MW does not have strong m = 1 and/or m = 3 spirals near the solar radius.
Long-term fluctuations and recent decline of mussel populations in an Irish sea lough
Authors: Little Colin , Trowbridge Cynthia D , Pilling Graham M , Williams Gray A , Morritt David , Stirling Penny 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Intertidal mussels (Mytilus spp.) and their benthic invertebrate predators were monitored annually for 25 years at 10 sites within Lough Hyne Marine Reserve in southwest Ireland. Mussel abundance was relatively low in the early 1990s but increased substantially after the cold winter of 1995/1996. High mussel abundance was maintained until 2014 after which there was an abrupt decline leading to low levels in 2015–2019, when populations were dominated by older size-classes. Recruitment on benthic rock surfaces in 2018 and 2019 was low in contrast to that on an isolated mooring rope in deep water, suggesting mortality of recruits (e.g. from predation or benthic hypoxia). The generalist predatory starfish, Marthasterias glacialis, increased substantially during the study, with population peaks in 2005 and 2009 that mirrored the peaks of mussel populations. Predatory dogwhelks were not abundant at the monitoring sites and were never seen associated with mussels. Predators or other physical factors may have reduced recruitment, but the decline of the mussel population probably reflected increasing age and removal by wave action combined with consistently sparse recruitment.
Pain suffering and the self. An active allostatic inference explanation
Authors: Gerrans Philip 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Distributed processing that gives rise to pain experience is anchored by a multidimensional self-model. I show how the phenomenon of pain asymbolia and other atypical pain-related conditions (Insensitivity to Pain, Chronic Pain, ‘Social’ Pain, Insensitivity to Pain, Chronic Pain, ‘Social’ Pain, empathy for pain and suffering) can be explained by this idea. It also explains the patterns of association and dissociation among neural correlates without importing strong modular assumptions. It treats pain processing as a species of allostatic active inference in which the mind co-ordinates its processing resources to optimize basic bodily functioning at different time scales. The self is inferred to be source and target of regulation in this process. The self-modelling account reconciles conflicting deaffectualization and depersonalization accounts of pain asymbolia by showing how depersonalization and pain asymbolia arise at different levels of hierarchical self modelling.
A novel model of divergent predictive perception
Authors: Reeder Reshanne R , Sala Giovanni , van Leeuwen Tessa M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Predictive processing theories state that our subjective experience of reality is shaped by a balance of expectations based on previous knowledge about the world (i.e. priors) and confidence in sensory input from the environment. Divergent experiences (e.g. hallucinations and synaesthesia) are likely to occur when there is an imbalance between one’s reliance on priors and sensory input. In a novel theoretical model, inspired by both predictive processing and psychological principles, we propose that predictable divergent experiences are associated with natural or environmentally induced prior/sensory imbalances: inappropriately strong or inflexible (i.e. maladaptive) high-level priors (beliefs) combined with low sensory confidence can result in reality discrimination issues, a characteristic of psychosis; maladaptive low-level priors (sensory expectations) combined with high sensory confidence can result in atypical sensory sensitivities and persistent divergent percepts, a characteristic of synaesthesia. Crucially, we propose that whether different divergent experiences manifest with dominantly sensory (e.g. hallucinations) or nonsensory characteristics (e.g. delusions) depends on mental imagery ability, which is a spectrum from aphantasia (absent or weak imagery) to hyperphantasia (extremely vivid imagery). We theorize that imagery is critically involved in shaping the sensory richness of divergent perceptual experience. In sum, to predict a range of divergent perceptual experiences in both clinical and general populations, three factors must be accounted for: a maladaptive use of priors, individual level of confidence in sensory input, and mental imagery ability. These ideas can be expressed formally using nonparametric regression modeling. We provide evidence for our theory from previous work and deliver predictions for future research.
Brassinosteroid regulates stomatal development in etiolated Arabidopsis cotyledons via transcription factors BZR1 and BES1
Authors: Li Shuo , Yan Jin , Chen Lian-Ge , Meng Guanghua , Zhou Yuling , Wang Chun-Ming , Jiang Lei , Luo Juan , Jiang Yueming , Li Qian-Feng , Tang Wenqiang , He Jun-Xian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are phytohormones that regulate stomatal development. In this study, we report that BR represses stomatal development in etiolated Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cotyledons via transcription factors BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) and bri1-EMS SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1), which directly target MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASE 9 (MKK9) and FAMA, 2 important genes for stomatal development. BZR1/BES1 bind MKK9 and FAMA promoters in vitro and in vivo, and mutation of the BZR1/BES1 binding motif in MKK9/FAMA promoters abolishes their transcription regulation by BZR1/BES1 in plants. Expression of a constitutively active MKK9 (MKK9DD) suppressed overproduction of stomata induced by BR deficiency, while expression of a constitutively inactive MKK9 (MKK9KR) induced high-density stomata in bzr1-1D. In addition, bzr-h, a sextuple mutant of the BZR1 family of proteins, produced overabundant stomata, and the dominant bzr1-1D and bes1-D mutants effectively suppressed the stomata-overproducing phenotype of brassinosteroid insensitive 1-116 (bri1-116) and brassinosteroid insensitive 2-1 (bin2-1). In conclusion, our results revealed important roles of BZR1/BES1 in stomatal development, and their transcriptional regulation of MKK9 and FAMA expression may contribute to BR-regulated stomatal development in etiolated Arabidopsis cotyledons.
Comparative analysis of trust taxation: a deep dive into Australian and Canadian regimes
Authors: Mak Charles Ho Wang , Chippin Matthew 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article examines trust taxation in Australia and Canada, focusing on the Australian Income Tax Assessment Act 1936's Section 97(1) and the Canadian Income Tax Act’s Section 94.1. It explores the Australian Carter and the Canadian Fundy Settlement cases, highlighting their implications for tax avoidance strategies. The article employs a comparative methodology to provide insights into the policy and legislative nuances shaping trust distribution taxation in these jurisdictions. The goal is to bridge traditional legal frameworks with modern fiscal challenges and inform future reforms in common-law countries.
Improved detection of low-frequency within-host variants from deep sequencing: A case study with human papillomavirus
Authors: Mishra Sambit K , Nelson Chase W , Zhu Bin , Pinheiro Maisa , Lee Hyo Jung , Dean Michael , Burdett Laurie , Yeager Meredith , Mirabello Lisa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
High-coverage sequencing allows the study of variants occurring at low frequencies within samples, but is susceptible to false-positives caused by sequencing error. Ion Torrent has a very low single nucleotide variant (SNV) error rate and has been employed for the majority of human papillomavirus (HPV) whole genome sequences. However, benchmarking of intrahost SNVs (iSNVs) has been challenging, partly due to limitations imposed by the HPV life cycle. We address this problem by deep sequencing three replicates for each of 31 samples of HPV type 18 (HPV18). Errors, defined as iSNVs observed in only one of three replicates, are dominated by C→T (G→A) changes, independently of trinucleotide context. True iSNVs, defined as those observed in all three replicates, instead show a more diverse SNV type distribution, with particularly elevated C→T rates in CCG context (CCG→CTG; CGG→CAG) and C→A rates in ACG context (ACG→AAG; CGT→CTT). Characterization of true iSNVs allowed us to develop two methods for detecting true variants: (1) VCFgenie, a dynamic binomial filtering tool which uses each variant’s allele count and coverage instead of fixed frequency cut-offs; and (2) a machine learning binary classifier which trains eXtreme Gradient Boosting models on variant features such as quality and trinucleotide context. Each approach outperforms fixed-cut-off filtering of iSNVs, and performance is enhanced when both are used together. Our results provide improved methods for identifying true iSNVs in within-host applications across sequencing platforms, specifically using HPV18 as a case study.
Survey of Defects and Diseases, Including Virulent Fusarium Species, Associated with Chipping Potatoes at Harvest and Post-Storage
Authors: Schlachter Emma , Ruth Sarah , Satoh-Cruz Mio , Willbur Jaime F. 
Published: February 2024

The U.S. consumption of potatoes spans fresh, frozen, chipping, dehydrated, and canned potato sectors. However, more than 50% of potato products are consumed after processing. Michigan produces potatoes for chip production, which are in demand year-round, as well as seed tubers that must be stored over the winter for the following season. To minimize damage and preserve tuber quality, pathogens present in storage must be properly identified so management strategies can be implemented to prevent economically damaging disease development. In this study, defects and diseases entering and persisting in Michigan chipping potato storages were evaluated via sampling of 12 fields across five counties. Tubers were visually assessed for symptoms and signs of disease, and putative pathogens were isolated from internal and external tuber tissues. Representative Fusarium species were further characterized, and significant variability ( P < 0.0001) was detected in virulence assessed on ‘Lamoka’ tuber slices. Overall, Fusarium dry rot, Pythium leak, and pink rot were prevalent postharvest diseases in Michigan. Despite low frequencies of isolation, incidence observations also suggest that tuber soft rot should be considered in potato storage disease management. Differing from previous surveys, F. graminearum was characterized as a highly virulent species associated with potato tubers in Michigan and warrants further investigation. Future dry rot research, such as potato breeding screening or management studies, should consider using representatively virulent Fusarium spp. or F. graminearum isolates. Potential shifts in pathogen species compositions over time further warrant continued monitoring and reassessment of screening protocols.
Mapping Buprenorphine Access at Philadelphia Pharmacies
Authors: Aronowitz Shoshana V. , French Rachel , Schachter Allison , Seeburger Emily , O'Donnell Nicole , Perrone Jeanmarie , Lowenstein Margaret 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesBuprenorphine is not reliably stocked in many pharmacies, and pharmacy-level barriers may deter patients from opioid use disorder care. We surveyed all outpatient pharmacies in Philadelphia to describe variation in buprenorphine access and developed a map application to aid in identifying pharmacies that stock the medication.MethodsUsing a dataset from the Bureau of Professional and Occupational Affairs, we conducted a telephone survey of operating outpatient pharmacies (N = 422) about their buprenorphine stocking and dispensing practices. We used ArcGIS Pro 3.0.3 to join US Census Bureau ZIP code-level race and ethnicity data, conduct descriptive analyses, and create a map application.ResultsWe collected data from 351 pharmacies (83% response rate). Two hundred thirty-eight pharmacies (68%) indicated that they regularly stock buprenorphine; 6 (2%) would order it when a prescription is sent. Ninety-one (26%) said that they do not stock or order buprenorphine, and 16 (5%) were unsure. We identified 137 “easier access” pharmacies (39%), meaning they regularly stock buprenorphine, dispense to new patients, and have no dosage maximums. Zip codes with predominantly White residents had a median (interquartile range) of 3 (2–4) “easier access” pharmacies, and those with predominantly Black residents a median (interquartile range) of 2 (1–4.5). Nine zip codes had no “easier access” pharmacies, and 3 had only one; these 3 zip codes are areas with predominantly Black residents.ConclusionsBuprenorphine access is not equitable across Philadelphia and a quarter of pharmacies choose not to carry the medication. Our map application may be used to identify pharmacies in Philadelphia that stock buprenorphine.
Perceived Injustice and Anger in Fibromyalgia with and without Comorbid Mental Health Conditions
Authors: Gilam Gadi , Silvert Jemma , Raev Sheer , Malka Din , Gluzman Inbar , Rush Melissa , Elkana Odelia , Aloush Valerie 
Published: February 2024

Objectives:
Perceived injustice (PI), assessed by the Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ), is an important trigger of anger. Both PI and anger are associated with adverse chronic pain outcomes, and with comorbid mental health severity. We aimed to examine the roles of PI and anger in mediating pain across Fibromyalgia patients, with and without comorbid anxiety/depression (FM+A/D, FM-A/D respectively), as well as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), and healthy controls (HC). We hypothesized the highest levels of PI, anger, and pain in FM+A/D patients, followed by FM-A/D, RA, and HC, thus also validating a Hebrew version of the IEQ.

Methods:
We translated the IEQ using the forward-backward method, and collected data online. Based on self-reported anxiety/depression, the sample comprised 66 FM+A/D patients, 64 FM-A/D, 34 RA, and 32 HC. Assessments included the IEQ, state and trait anger, pain intensity, anxiety, depression, and pain catastrophizing. Structure and reliability of the Hebrew IEQ were examined using factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha. Bootstrapped-based modelling was used to test the roles of state and trait anger in mediating and moderating the relationship between PI and pain intensity.

Results:
We confirmed a one-factor structure of the IEQ, with excellent reliability. FM+A/D patients demonstrated the highest scores in all measures. Within this group, trait anger moderated the mediating effect of state anger in the relationship between PI and pain intensity.

Discussion:
Our findings validate a Hebrew IEQ, and highlight the importance of PI and state and trait anger in the differential manifestation of mental health comorbidity in FM.
Momentary Emotion Regulation Strategies and Pain Experience among Adults with Chronic Pain
Authors: Rogers Andrew H. , Smit Tanya , Bakhshaie Jafar , Zvolensky Michael J. 
Published: February 2024

Objectives:
Chronic pain is a significant public health concern. Psychological treatments are effective for treating chronic pain, but long term follow up studies are limited, and treatment effects sizes are small. Identifying modifiable treatment targets, such as emotion regulation, is critical to improve interventions. Emotion regulation (ER; i.e., cognitive and attentional strategies to modulate or maintain emotional experience) has been linked to psychopathology and pain experience in adults. Yet, the existing work is limited and has largely focused on the relationship between emotional experience, not ER, and pain.

Methods:
The current study utilized ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to characterize real time, momentary relationships between ER strategies and pain experience (intensity, interference, and negative affect) among 53 (77.4% female; M

age
=27.10 y, SD=5.16 y) adults with chronic pain. Participants completed EMA assessments of pain experience and ER strategies five times a day for seven days.

Results:
Results of the current study provide evidence for the association between within-person maladaptive ER strategies and pain intensity (b=2.11, se=0.37, P<0.001), pain interference (b=1.25, se=0.40, P=0.002), and pain-related negative affect (b=2.20, se=0.41, P<0.001). Associations by specific strategy type were also examined, highlighting the importance of worry, experiential avoidance, rumination, and expressive suppression in pain experience.

Discussion:
Given that emotion regulation is readily targeted in psychological treatments for chronic pain, the results from the current study provide initial evidence to target these ER strategies in treatment.
Oncoplastic Breast Reconstruction in Morbidly Obese Patients: An Acceptable Practice
Authors: Fortenbery Grey W. , Todd Lauren , Nazir Niaman , Dalla Shreeya , Collins Meredith 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Breast cancer is the most common noncutaneous malignancy amongst women. Lumpectomy with adjuvant radiation is a mainstay of surgical treatment. Oncoplastic breast reconstruction reduces the resultant breast deformity. Obesity is a risk factor for the development of complications after breast reconstruction. This study’s purpose was to determine if oncoplastic breast reconstruction is a safe procedure in obese patients.

Methods:
A single institution retrospective chart review was performed on women undergoing oncoplastic breast reduction from 2009 to 2021. Patients were then divided into groups based on body mass index (BMI). A statistical analysis was performed comparing rates of complications and time to adjuvant therapy.

Results:
An estimated 340 patients were identified with an average age of 56.2 years (140 with BMI <30 kg/m2, 87 with BMI 30–34.9 kg/m2, 62 with BMI 35–39.9 kg/m2, and 51 with BMI >40 kg/m2). There was a significant difference between the BMI greater than 40 kg per m2 and BMI less than 30 kg per m2 group in the number of returns to the operating room (P = 0.0096), major complications (P = 0.0002), and minor complications (P = 0.0051). Average time to adjuvant treatment was 47 days and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (P = 0.1691).

Conclusions:
There was a significant difference in major and minor complications between the BMI groups; however, there was no delay in the time to adjuvant therapy. Therefore, we conclude that with appropriate counseling on surgical risks, oncoplastic breast reduction is an acceptable option for breast cancer patients after lumpectomy, regardless of BMI.
Anatomical Relations of the Perforators from the Descending Lateral Femoral Circumflex Artery and Vastus Lateralis Motor Nerve Branches
Authors: Okada Hiroshi , Kawamura Kenji , Hasegawa Hideo , Omokawa Shohei , Mahakkanukrauh Pasuk , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: February 2024

Background:
The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap, which is nourished by perforators from the descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery (P), is one of the most commonly used flaps in soft tissue reconstruction. With the growing use of ALT flaps, attention toward donor-site morbidity has increased in recent years. Damage to the motor nerve branches of the vastus lateralis muscle (N) is one of the causes of donor-site morbidity, particularly muscle weakness. This study investigated the anatomical locations of the P and N in fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens.

Methods:
This study included 43 cadaver limbs. A silicone rubber compound (30 mL) was injected into the femoral artery to visualize the vessel. The locations of the P and motor points of N were measured to assess the risk of N injury during ALT flap harvesting.

Results:
There were one to six (mean, 2.7) P and two to seven (mean, 4) N. When the two most proximal perforators were used for flap harvesting, an average of 1.5 motor nerve branches (42%) was damaged because transection of the motor nerve branches was required for flap harvesting. In 33% of the limbs, only one motor nerve branch remained after the flap harvest. However, there were no cases where all motor nerve branches were severed.

Conclusion:
When an ALT flap with two perforators is harvested, weakness of the vastus lateralis muscle may occur in cases with a small number of motor nerve branches.
Outcome of eyes treated for Retinopathy of Prematurity in Posterior Zone I: An Eastern India study.
Authors: Padhi Tapas R , Bhunia Souvik , Shah Miloni , Sahu Suman , Das Taraprasad , Bhusal Utpal , Singh Aveenash , Samantaray Balakrushna , Patro Krishna , Devi Sabita , Routray Dipanweeta , Mohamed Ashik , Pradhan Lingaraj , Jalali Subhadra 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
To analyze the outcomes of eyes treated for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in posterior Zone I.

Methods:
In a part retrospective (nine years) and part prospective (one year) interventional study, we analyzed eyes treated for ROP in posterior Zone I with a minimum follow-up for 6 months.

Results:
The study included 109 eyes of 56 infants; mean gestational age and birth weights were 29.3 (±2.1) weeks and 1112.5 (±381.9) grams, respectively. The treatment included intravitreal anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (anti-VEGF) as the initial treatment modality in 101 eyes (92.6%), either alone (27 eyes) or combined with laser or vitreous surgery (73 eyes). Laser was the initial treatment modality in 8 eyes, either alone-(n=3) or in combination with surgery (n=5). With anti-VEGF alone, 30.68% (n=27 eyes) responded favorably, and the remaining 69.32% (n=59) eyes needed re-treatment (laser in the majority). At the final follow-up, 89.9 % (out of 109) of eyes did well anatomically. Good outcome was significantly linked to no detachment at presentation (p<0.0001) and the presence of well-defined central vascular trunks (p=0.001).

Conclusions:
Treating the eyes before retinal detachment with bevacizumab followed by laser (and surgery, if needed) results in a favorable outcome in babies with posterior zone 1 ROP.