bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodic Integration
Authors: Franses Philip Hans 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The focus in this chapter is on unit roots in periodic autoregressions. Tests for such unit roots are proposed and evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations and several sample series. Since a periodic autoregression allows the AR para meters to take different values in different seasons, it seems natural to allow for the possibility of a periodically varying differencing filter which can be used to remove the stochastic trend. A specific periodic differencing filter corresponds to the notion of periodic integration (PI). In the empirical analysis in this chapter, I find that all 11 of the sample series appear to be somehow periodically integrated. The implication of periodic integration is that the stochastic trend and the seasonal fluctuations are not independent, in the sense that accumulations of shocks can change the seasonal pattern and that the time series cannot be decomposed in two strictly separate trend and seasonal components. The empirical analysis in Chapter 6, for example, indicated the need for models that allow for correspondence between seasonal and nonseasonal fluctuations. The conjecture to be made in this chapter is that a periodically integrated model for a univariate time series can yield a useful description of some economic time series, and that it allows for this correspondence.
GMM Estimation in Correctly Specified Models
Authors: Hall Alastair R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The previous chapter has provided an introduction to the GMM framework and the types of inference issues which arise within it. Although many of the details reﬂected the static, linear nature of the model, the underlying intuition did not. The essential feature of the estimation is the minimization of a quadratic form in the sample analog to a population moment condition are postponed until Chapter 5 when a variety of hypothesis testing procedures are reviewed. The level of the discussion is more rigorous than the previous chapter, and the main results are formally
Moment Selection in Theory and in Practice
Authors: Hall Alastair R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A researcher is typically faced with a large set of alternatives from which to choose the q elements of the population moment condition. This choice can be made in an ad hoc fashion, condition is the score vector because the resulting GMM estimator is the MLE and the latter is known to be to the literature on moment selection within the GMM framework. From the mid-1980s until the mid-1990s, attention focused on the use of theoretical arguments to characterize the optimal choice of moment condition within the class of GMM estimators known as Generalized Instrumental Variables. More recently, attention has focused on data-based methods for moment selection using information criteria. Both phases of the literature are reviewed in this chapter.
Empirical Examples
Authors: Hall Alastair R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Section 9.1 implements the mutual fund evaluation measure proposed by Chen and Knez (1996). This discussion illustrates the potential sensitivity of inferences based on the overidentifying restrictions test to choice of the restrictions on the derivative imposed by Assumption 3.5 because the derivative of the minimand is not defined at all values of the parameter space. This non-existence causes problems for gradient methods of optimization and so necessitates the use of an alternative algorithm. inference is based on the Wald, LM or D tests discussed in Section 5.4. One possible explanation is that the LM and D tests use the full sample GMM estimator instead of the restricted GMM
Introduction
Authors: Hansen Peter Reinhard , Johansen Søren 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The exercises presented with solutions in this Workbook treat the theory of cointegration in the framework of the vector autoregressive model. As an introduction we give a brief summary of the most important results from the theory as presented in SJ. The vector autoregressive model is a simple and useful econometric model for analyzing the stochastic variation of economic time series. We use the model in the error correction form where the error term et is i.i.d. and the deterministic terms Dt can be a constant, a linear term, seasonal dummies or other deterministic terms; see (4.1).
Basic Definitions and Concepts
Authors: Hansen Peter Reinhard , Johansen Søren 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A multivariate linear process is defined by where the coefficient matrices Ci decrease to zero exponentially fast, so that the function i is convergent for the complex argument satisfying Jzl &lt; 1 + 6 for some 6 &gt; O; see SJ, Definition 3.1. The basic idea is to define an J(O) process as a multivariate linear process where the sum of the matrix coefficients is non-zero, that is, class of J(l) processes is defined as those that become J(O) after taking the difference, and similarly a process is 1(2) if the difference is J(l).
Cointegration and Representation of Integrated Variables
Authors: Hansen Peter Reinhard , Johansen Søren 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This is the most substantial chapter devoted to understanding the behaviour of the type of non-stationary processes that are discussed here, namely J{l) and 1(2). The equations are formulated in the error correction form The main result is Granger’s representation theorem, Theorem 4.2, which gives the probability properties of the solution of the autoregressive equations (1) provided Assumption 1 (SJ, p. 14) is satisfied.
Hypothesis Testing for a
Authors: Hansen Peter Reinhard , Johansen Søren 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In Chapter 8 a partial system is defined and a result is proved which gives conditions for the conditioning variable to be weakly exogenous for the parameter of interest β, such that inference can be conducted in the partial system; see Theorem 8.1. The situation is the following. We decompose the process into X1t and X2t-The equations are then given by and it is seen that if 0.2 = 0, then the parameter β can be estimated efficiently from this partial model as long as no further restrictions are imposed on the parameters. The test for weak exogeneity, 0.2 = 0, is thus a linear restriction on the adjustment coefficients It is shown in Theorem 8.2 that a suitable reduced rank regression again provides the maximum likelihood estimator such that the test statistic can be calculated. Theorem 8.4 gives the results for hypotheses where some a are known.
The I(2) Model and a Test for 1(2)
Authors: Hansen Peter Reinhard , Johansen Søren 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Chapter 9 is a brief introduction to the analysis of the /(2) model. The chapter contains the definition of the !{2) model as a submode! of the error correction model. We reformulate the error correction model as where and r, are (p-r) x s; see Definition 9.1. By deriving a marginal model for a Ll2 Xt and a conditional model for a’ Ll 2 Xt given a Ll2 Xt and the past, we can construct a test statistic for the hypothesis that the process is /(2) against the hypothesis that it is /(1). We give two exercises. The first suggests a different parametrization of the /(2) model, which leads to an iterative algorithm for estimating the model by maximum likelihood.
Probability Properties of I (1) Processes
Authors: Hansen Peter Reinhard , Johansen Søren 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In Chapter 10 we discuss properties of J(l) processes given by the auto regressive equations allowing for a constant term. The basic limit results we need are discussed in Appendix B: where W (u) is a Brownian motion and denotes weak convergence of the processes. The process Xt is given by Granger’s representation theorem as the sum of a trend, a random walk and a stationary process: where C = .B1.(a rth)-1a , and where A depends on initial conditions and ,8’ A = 0. We give in Lemma 10.1 some finite sample results on the variances and covariances of the stationary processes ll.Xt and ,8’ Xti see also exercises 4.10, 4.11 and 4.12.
Itô Calculus
Authors: Nielsen Lars Tyce 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Most processes used in continuous-time finance to represent prices or portfolio values are Itô processes, essentially for three reasons. First, the class Itô processes is sufficiently rich to describe a large number of interesting and important phenomena. Secondly, a smooth transformation of an Ito process is again an Itô process, according to Itô’s lemma. Thirdly, when securities prices follow Ito processes, markets will often be dynamically complete, which implies that virtually every derivative security can be priced by replication.
Moving the Mountains, Making the Links
Authors: -Leslie Molara Ogundipe 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
I theorize that African women have six mountains on their back, over and above the four mountains proposed by Chairman Mao for Chinese women. From this concept of mountains, I have drawn the title of my introduction which proposes to show which mountains African women need to move and are moving. I also attempt to link their struggles in the various topographies where the mountains are being assailed.
Bold Omissions and Minute Depictions
Authors: Minh-ha Trinh T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Recently, in a casual conversation, two visiting writers from Martinique and Guadeloupe remarked with a certain bewilderment that the question of migration was again enjoying a great vogue in the States and that ‘they all talk about identity and marginality’. Finding myself deeply implied in this ‘they’ despite the fact that my friends tacitly included me on their side while talking, I was suddenly hit by a brief but sharp feeling of confusion as to where my identity lay. Since they, in this context, pointed both to the trendy Euro-American intellectuals eager to recycle strands of subversion and to those for whom the migrant’s condition continued to be an everyday reality and an ongoing border struggle, it was difficult to react quickly without speaking simply for or against.
‘Race’, identity and cultural criticism
Authors: Young Lola 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Here, I will elucidate the potential of black feminist cultural analyses and examine the absence of black women and the ways in which they may be considered as Other for both black men and white people. I go on to summarize why I have felt it necessary to embark on this project through an examination of how ‘whiteness’ is under elaborated in cultural analysis. I then argue that white film-makers have continually constructed black women and men as Other and attempt to account for this using psychoanalytic theory.
Women, Migration and the State
Authors: Phizacklea Annie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Over the last fifteen years or so there has been an increased recognition, amongst women researchers at least, of the need to provide a gendered account of migratory processes. Nevertheless, despite a recognition of the importance of women’s role in migration, many accounts of contemporary migratory processes continue to fail to take on board what this means at an analytical level. [⃛ ]
People or Population: Towards a New Ecology of Reproduction
Authors: Mies Maria , Shiva Vandana 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Some years ago the continuing and increasing poverty in the countries of the South was attributed to the population explosion and population growth is seen increasingly as the main cause of environmental deterioration on a global scale. This assumed causal connection between the rising numbers of people and the destruction of the earth’s ecological foundations was strongly emphasized in the political discourse around the June 1992 Earth Summit (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro. Arguments supporting this view were propagated worldwide by the media, and more and more outright cynical and inhuman population control policies were proposed, including coercive contraceptive technologies for women and denial of basic health care for children, for example in a proposal by Maurice King in 1990.
I’m a Feminist But ⃛‘Other’ Women and Postnational Feminism
Authors: Ang Ien 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
For some time now, the problematic of race and ethnicity has thrown feminism into crisis. I am implicated in this crisis. As a woman of Chinese descent, I suddenly find myself in a position in which I can turn my ‘difference’ into intellectual and political capital, where ‘white’ feminists invite me to raise my ‘voice’, qua a non-white woman, and make myself heard. Anna Yeatman suggests that voices such as mine are needed to contest and correct the old exclusions of the established feminist order, and that they will win non-white women authorship and authority within a renewed, less exclusionary feminism.
The Notion of Woman in Medicine, Anatomy, and Physiology
Authors: Maclean Ian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
3.0.l What fol1ows is extracted from an interdisciplinary study of the notion of woman in scholarly texts of the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. The various disciplines-theology, law, medicine, practical philosophy-all possess authoritative texts which attract commentary; the fact that nearly all of these are written in Latin and widely diffused through the mechanism of the book fairs makes them a coherent and accessible body of doctrine not only to scholars working within the individual disciplines but also those beyond them.
The ‘Cruel Mother’: Maternity, Widowhood, and Dowry in Florence in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries
Authors: Klapisch-Zuber Christiane 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In Florence, men were and made the”houses:’The word casa designates, in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the material house, the lodging of a domestic unit, and it is in this sense that many documents of a fiscal, legal, or private nature use the term. But it also stands for an entire agnatic kinship group. The casa in this case designates all ancestors and living members of a lineage, all those in whose veins the same blood ran, who bore the same name, and who claimed a common ancestor-aneponymic hero whose identity the group had inherited.
Diana Described: Scattered Woman and Scattered Rhyme
Authors: Vickers Nancy J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The import of Petrarch’s description of Laura extends well beyond the confines of his own poetic age; in subsequent times, his portrayal of feminine beauty became authoritative. As a primary canonical text, the Rime sparse consolidated and disseminated a Renaissance mode. Petrarch absorbed a complex network of descriptive strategies and then presented a single, transformed model.
Literary Fat Ladies and the Generation of the Text
Authors: Parker Patricia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Much of this essay will have to do with walls or partitions; so we begin with a rhetorical partition, a division of the subject into parts. The first, which might be called (‘The Body in Question;’ comes in several sections and is perhaps appropriately by far the largest. The concluding will be a kind of appendage under the rubric of “The Genitive, or Jinny’s Case” and ‘(The Vocative, or the Story of O.,, The Postscript—which goes beyond the Renaissance instances primarily foregrounded here—takes this story into the subsequent history of linkages between female copia, of body and of word, and the copiousness of texts.
Margaret Cavendish and the Romance of Contract
Authors: Kahn Victoria 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In histories of early modern political thought, the rise of theories of contractual obligation has always played an important role; and yet the usual histories construe contract in an overly narrow way, focusing on the canonical works of writers such as Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau in which contract is imagined as a social and political agreement between equal parties to set up a sovereign.
Surprising Fame: Renaissance Gender Ideologies and Women’s Lyric
Authors: Jones Ann Rosalind 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In Renaissance iconography, fame is a woman: a winged figure heralding present and future reknown. Ronsard, in his 1555 Hymne to Henri II, writes of «La Fame qui vole et parle librement,/ et qui sujette n’est à nul commandement” (11. 341-42). But in Renaissance gender ideology, fame was not for women. Ronsard’s figure of free-speaking liberty is diametrically opposed to the social ideal of woman as it was constructed by early modern writers on feminine conduct. In the discourses of humanism and bourgeois family theory, the proper woman is an absence: legally, she vanishes under the name and authority of her father and her husband; as daughter and wife, she is enclosed in the private household. She is silent and invisible: she does not speak, and she is not spoken about.
La Donnesca Mano
Authors: Jacobs Fredrika 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Is an image reflective of its maker and does it reveal something about the individual who produced it? Leonard da Vinci’s well-known aphorism, “Every artist paints himself [ ogni dipintore dipinge se] ,, suggests it does. In fact, examples of the reflexivity of art are not hard to find in early critical writings. Giorgio Vasari’s description of frescoes in the church of Santa Maria Nuovo, Florence, illustrates the point. Accepting as fact the story of Andrea del Castagnds purported murder of a rival painter, Vasari claims the “malignant”
Guilds, Male Bonding and Women’s Work in Early Modern Germany
Authors: Wiesner Merry 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Though they are featured prominently in studies of medieval urban life, craft guilds have received less attention from early modern historians, who often view them as institutions in decline which were trying unsuccessfully to prevent economic change. This view of the guilds’ decay has been successfully challenged in the case of Germany by Mack Walker, who demonstrates that in most medium-sized German cities the time after the Thirty Years War was ‘the period probably of their greatest power to impress their values and goals upon the society of which they were components’.
Selection from The Red Tent
Authors: Diamant Anita 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A central task of feminist Bible scholars is to raise the profile of biblical women, but few can compete in this regard with Anita Diamant. The Red Tent, Genesis according to Jacob’s silent daughter Dinah, has been translated into dozens of languages and has inspired hundreds of websites. As my mother-in-law dis covered when she read her copy in a New York City hospital waiting room, to read The Red Tent is to join a community whose membership, though primarily female, spans all ages and backgrounds. It is no surprise that this community played a major role in the book’s commercial success. Faced with a pile of remainders, Diamant, by then a well-known author of books on conversion to Judaism and Jewish lifecyde events, sent free copies of her novel to every Reform rabbi in the USA Word of mouth and the internet did the rest. The eponymous red tent is a menstrual tent, and the excerpt reproduced here is an account of Dinah’s first period. DL
Judges, or Disasters of War
Authors: Ostriker Alicia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This powerful modern midrash (interpretation) on war in the book of Judges touches on several important themes in feminist literature, most obviously the subject of violence against women. The scene is a crisis centre for abused women run by a descendant of the judge and warrior Deborah. As we shall see, however, some victims are less equal than others. Just as liberation theology has been criticized for its failure to address feminist concerns, so feminism here is warned against creating its own insiders and outsiders. To avoid anticipating the chilling denouement of this short story, I shall observe merely that Ostriker, a distinguished poet and author of works of feminist Bible criticism, brings psycho logical depth and complexity to a figure who, in the Hebrew Bible itself, is little more than a cartoon.
Female Martyrs
Authors: Castelli Elizabeth A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
While enjoining women to ‘become male’ seems, at this historical distance, a supreme example of bad faith, Elizabeth Castelli in this excerpt directs us to its subversive possibilities, especially when deployed by early Christian women. The lives of early Christian women, she says, were shaped by ‘paradoxical ideological conditions’. Christianity offered new freedoms, but women had access to holiness ‘only through the manipulation of conventional gender categories’. Castelli analyses here an astonishing document, the martyr diary of Perpetua. This account of the imprisonment of a group of North African Christians.
Life on the Fringes
Authors: Ner-David Haviva 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
I first put on tefillin ten years after my bat mitzvah. I was married and living in Washington, DC, worlds away from the close-knit Orthodox community in which I had grown up. One evening on the phone, I told my mother that I planned to have a second bat mitzvah at Fabrangen, an informal and completely egalitarian prayer community, the havurah in which I had become active. It would be on Shabbat, and I would read from the Torah. I had not yet confessed to my mother that I had been regularly participating in egalitarian services. The geographic distance between us made me brave.
The Hebrew God and His Female Complements
Authors: Brenner Athalya 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
What do feminist Bible exegetes and archaeologists have in common? Both uncover remains and reconstruct whole worlds from fragments. Jewish and Christian commentators have spent two thousand years burying biblical women. Through her own scholarship and the widely read Feminist Bible commentaries she edits, Athalya Brenner has been a pioneer in the tasks of recovery and reconstruction. Here she takes on the challenging subject of God’s gender.
The Secret of Redemption
Authors: Zomberg Avivah Gottlieb 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
An announcement for a lecture by Avivah Zomberg (standing room only, as all her talks are) billed her as possibly the greatest living female Torah scholar. I felt mildly irritated: which male Torah scholar is greater? And what is distinctively female about Zornberg’s creative way with biblical and rabbinic texts? With regard to the second point. though not the first. I have reconsidered. On the one hand, Zornberg’s appeal to rabbinic commentaries to elucidate biblical texts is highly traditional which, in her Orthodox Jewish circles, usually means male.
Women in the Pauline Churches
Authors: Fiorenza Elisabeth Schussler 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In his letter to the Corinthian church, Paul explicitly refers twice to the behavior of women in the worship service of the community. However both references, l Cor 11:2-16 and 14:33-36, present for the exegete and historian great difficulties of interpretation. It is very doubtful whether we will be able to reconstruct the correct meaning of these passages at all. Not only is the logic of the argument in l Cor 11:2-16 difficult to trace, but it is also debated whether Paul demands the veiling of women or pleads for a special form of hairstyle. Since both passages seem to contradict Gal 3:28 and Paul’s own theology of free dom from the Law, some scholars attribute l Cor 11:2-16 and most scholars 14:33b-36 to the early catholic theology of the post-Pauline school.
Jesus and Mary Magdalene
Authors: Okure Teresa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The appearance of the risen Jesus to Mary Magdalene in John 20:11- 18 constitutes his first recorded appearance in John’s gospel. It would seem that Jesus interrupted his journey of ascent to the Father (cf. 20:17a) in order to make this appearance before her. On this proto resurrection appearance, Jesus gave Mary a special commission: “Go and tell my brethren: I am ascending to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God” (v. 17b).