bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial neuronal networks are revolutionizing entomological research
Authors: Hartbauer Manfred 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe application of artificial intelligence (AI) in entomological research has gained significant attention in recent years. This review summarizes the current state of research on the potential of AI methods in various subfields of entomology, such as behavioural biology, biodiversity research, climate change research, pest management, and disease vector control. In some cases, AI‐based species identification methods based on deep learning neuronal network models have been shown to outperform traditional morphological identification methods in terms of accuracy and speed. Behavioural biology research has been enhanced through the use of AI‐based tracking systems that can classify insect behaviour and movement patterns. Habitat modelling has also been improved with the use of AI, allowing for the creation of more accurate models that can predict insect distribution and abundance. Climate change and biodiversity research have benefited from AI‐driven tools that can analyse large datasets and predict the impact of environmental changes on insect populations. In agriculture, pest management has been revolutionized by AI methods, with the development of smart traps and monitoring systems that can detect and identify pest species in real‐time, enabling targeted control measures. Disease vector control has also been improved through the use of AI‐based predictive models, which can identify areas at risk of disease transmission and aid in the development of effective control strategies. In conclusion, AI methods have the potential to revolutionize many aspects of entomological research. Future research should focus on developing more sophisticated AI tools and integrating them into entomological research to address even more complex ecological questions.
The habitat preferences of Idiosepius pygmaeus and their use of conspecific cues
Authors: Jenkins Tess L. , Strugnell Jan M. , Spady Blake L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe two‐toned pygmy squid (Idiosepius pygmaeus, Steenstrup, 1881) is a small, tropical cephalopod that inhabits seagrass meadows and is known to attach to blades of seagrass using a specialised adhesive organ. A global decline in seagrass habitat due to anthropogenic disturbances may threaten the species that rely on seagrass meadows for shelter, foraging and other crucial activities. It is unclear if I. pygmaeus can utilise alternative habitats in the absence of seagrass. Here, we test the effect of habitat type, material and composition type, and the presence of conspecifics on the settlement preferences of I. pygmaeus. Individuals each underwent three separate experiments: (1) testing the preference between their known habitat, Zostera muelleri subsp. Capricorni and potential substitute, Sargassum, (2) testing the preference to attach to a natural or artificial structure of similar shape and size, and (3) testing the preference of identical habitats, one with a conspecific adhered to and one without. We found that I. pygmaeus did not have a strong preference for either Zostera or Sargassum. However, a strong preference was found for attachment to the natural structure over the artificial one. There was also strong evidence for the use of conspecific cues in habitat choice, with 75% of individuals selecting the habitat that contained a conspecific. As habitat loss is the leading cause of species extinction, the knowledge of habitat preferences for I. pygmaeus is vital in order to assess their risk of population decline. The findings of this study suggest that I. pygmaeus could utilise an alternative habitat in the presence of seagrass meadow reduction, which is under threat from human activity.
Rapid diversification of grey mangroves (Avicennia marina) driven by geographic isolation and extreme environmental conditions in the Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Friis Guillermo , Smith Edward G. , Lovelock Catherine E. , Ortega Alejandra , Marshell Alyssa , Duarte Carlos M. , Burt John A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBiological systems occurring in ecologically heterogeneous and spatially discontinuous habitats provide an ideal opportunity to investigate the relative roles of neutral and selective factors in driving lineage diversification. The grey mangroves (Avicennia marina) of Arabia occur at the northern edge of the species' range and are subject to variable, often extreme, environmental conditions, as well as historic large fluctuations in habitat availability and connectivity resulting from Quaternary glacial cycles. Here, we analyse fully sequenced genomes sampled from 19 locations across the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea and the Persian/Arabian Gulf (PAG) to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the species in the region and to identify adaptive mechanisms of lineage diversification. Population structure and phylogenetic analyses revealed marked genetic structure correlating with geographic distance and highly supported clades among and within the seas surrounding the Arabian Peninsula. Demographic modelling showed times of divergence consistent with recent periods of geographic isolation and low marine connectivity during glaciations, suggesting the presence of (cryptic) glacial refugia in the Red Sea and the PAG. Significant migration was detected within the Red Sea and the PAG, and across the Strait of Hormuz to the Arabian Sea, suggesting gene flow upon secondary contact among populations. Genetic‐environment association analyses revealed high levels of adaptive divergence and detected signs of multi‐loci local adaptation driven by temperature extremes and hypersalinity. These results support a process of rapid diversification resulting from the combined effects of historical factors and ecological selection and reveal mangrove peripheral environments as relevant drivers of lineage diversity.
An E3 ubiquitin ligase CSIT2 controls critical sterility‐inducing temperature of thermo‐sensitive genic male sterile rice
Authors: Peng Guoqing , Liu Minglong , Luo Ziliang , Deng Shuangfan , Wang Qinghua , Wang Mumei , Chen Huiqiong , Xiao Yueping , Zhang Yongjie , Hong Haona , Zhu Liya , Liu Zhenlan , Zhou Lingyan , Wang Yingxiang , Zhuang Chuxiong , Zhou Hai 
Published: January 2024

Summary

Thermo‐sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines are the core of two‐line hybrid rice (Oryza sativa). However, elevated or unstable critical sterility‐inducing temperatures (CSITs) of TGMS lines are bottlenecks that restrict the development of two‐line hybrid rice. However, the genes and molecular mechanisms controlling CSIT remain unknown.

Here, we report the CRITICAL STERILITY‐INDUCING TEMPERATURE 2 (CSIT2) that encodes a really interesting new gene (RING) type E3 ligase, controlling the CSIT of thermo‐sensitive male sterility 5 (tms5)‐based TGMS lines through ribosome‐associated protein quality control (RQC).

CSIT2 binds to the large and small ribosomal subunits and ubiquitinates 80S ribosomes for dissociation, and may also ubiquitinate misfolded proteins for degradation. Mutation of CSIT2 inhibits the possible damage to ubiquitin system and protein translation, which allows more proteins such as catalases to accumulate for anther development and inhibits abnormal accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and premature programmed cell death (PCD) in anthers, partly rescuing male sterility and raised the CSIT of tms5‐based TGMS lines.

These findings reveal a mechanism controlling CSIT and provide a strategy for solving the elevated or unstable CSITs of tms5‐based TGMS lines in two‐line hybrid rice.
The diversity and coevolution of Rubisco and CO2 concentrating mechanisms in marine macrophytes
Authors: Capó‐Bauçà Sebastià , Iñiguez Concepción , Galmés Jeroni 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe kinetic properties of Rubisco, the most important carbon‐fixing enzyme, have been assessed in a small fraction of the estimated existing biodiversity of photosynthetic organisms. Until recently, one of the most significant gaps of knowledge in Rubisco kinetics was marine macrophytes, an ecologically relevant group including brown (Ochrophyta), red (Rhodophyta) and green (Chlorophyta) macroalgae and seagrasses (Streptophyta). These organisms express various Rubisco types and predominantly possess CO2‐concentrating mechanisms (CCMs), which facilitate the use of bicarbonate for photosynthesis. Since bicarbonate is the most abundant form of dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater, CCMs allow marine macrophytes to overcome the slow gas diffusion and low CO2 availability in this environment. The present review aims to compile and integrate recent findings on the biochemical diversity of Rubisco and CCMs in the main groups of marine macrophytes. The Rubisco kinetic data provided demonstrate a more relaxed relationship among catalytic parameters than previously reported, uncovering a variability in Rubisco catalysis that has been hidden by a bias in the literature towards terrestrial vascular plants. The compiled data indicate the existence of convergent evolution between Rubisco and biophysical CCMs across the polyphyletic groups of marine macrophytes and suggest a potential role for oxygen in shaping such relationship.
Digital mindfulness training and cognitive functions: A preregistered systematic review of neuropsychological findings
Authors: Liebherr Magnus , Brandtner Annika , Brand Matthias , Tang Yi‐Yuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTraditional mindfulness interventions have been frequently reported to be effective in improving cognitive functions. In recent years, however, traditional programs are being increasingly replaced by technology‐enabled mindfulness training programs. The aim of the present systematic review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021289480) is to evaluate the research evidence on their effects on cognitive functions. Empirical training studies in the realm of digital mindfulness training that fulfilled the inclusion criteria led to 19 studies and 1654 participants being included in this review from among the papers searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge. Results support previous assumptions on the potential of digital mindfulness training, with the most robust effect on attention control, followed by executive regulation, memory, cognitive flexibility, and other cognitive functions. However, the number of studies that did not find significant changes at least equaled, if not exceeded, the number of studies that found increases. The heterogeneity of identified studies prompted us to discuss several aspects in order to help the future development of digital applications.
Comparative evaluation of efficacy of 2% lidocaine containing adrenaline with and without hyaluronidase in inferior alveolar nerve blocks for patients requiring bilateral mandibular extractions
Authors: Lunkad Piyush , Shah Sonal , Rudagi Bhimappa , Mehta Mili , Bhagat Bhushan , Ticku Smriti 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate and compare the efficacy of 2% lidocaine containing adrenaline with and without hyaluronidase in inferior alveolar nerve blocks for patients requiring bilateral mandibular extractions.Patients and MethodsThis was the split‐mouth study conducted on 26 patients requiring bilateral mandibular teeth extraction. All the patients were assigned randomly to one of the two groups: (i) 2% lignocaine HCl + 1:2,00,000 adrenaline + hyaluronidase (75 IU) solution will be administered on one side which is the experimental side and (ii) 2% lignocaine HCl + 1:2,00,000 adrenaline solution on the other side is control side. In the first session, the patients randomly received the inferior alveolar nerve block with or without hyaluronidase in one side of the oral cavity. One week later, the same patient received the other technique which was not received in the first session. We also evaluated the onset, duration and need of any supplementary anaesthesia in both the groups.ResultsComparison of VAS score in the control group (2.73 ± 0.724) and experimental group (3 ± 0.693) showed statistically insignificant results (p = 0.177). Whereas the onset of local anaesthesia showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.001) mean of control group (2.73 ± 0.47) and experimental group (1.15 ± 0.23). Comparison of duration of anaesthesia showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) with the mean duration of the experimental group being higher (106 ± 7.94) than the control group (86.27 ± 3.90). Comparison for the need for supplementary anaesthesia showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionWe conclude that if hyaluronidase is used, better blocks with smaller volumes are produced. LAs with hyaluronidase have been shown to improve the quality and effectiveness of anaesthetic blocks and shorten the time it takes for anaesthesia to begin, accelerate the onset of akinesia and lessen the need for additional anaesthesia. It also increases the duration of anaesthesia.
Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis due to novel CYP4F22 mutation presenting with a collodion membrane and ocular manifestations
Authors: Swink Shane M. , Hurley Margaret , Haynes Dylan , Larijani Mary 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAutosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses (ARCI) are a range of genetic disorders of keratinization. The rare CYP4F22 gene mutation can present with or without collodion membrane at birth and leads to the development of mild ichthyosis phenotype. We report a case of a novel pathogenic CYP4F22 genetic mutation presenting with collodion membrane and ocular manifestations. Ocular manifestations have recently been reported in a patient with ARCI with known CYP4F22 mutation, which further supports a possible correlation between the CYP4F22 mutation and this distinct phenotype.
The first intron of EIJ1 confers a specific response to wounding and herbivore stresses
Authors: Yin M. , Li Y. , Liu H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Plants are constantly exposed to different kinds of biotic stress, such as herbivore attack and wounding. To deal with these stresses, plants have evolved sophisticated defence mechanisms to protect themselves.

Previously, we found that EIJ1 (EDS1‐interacting J protein 1) plays a negative regulatory role in plant disease resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Follow‐up studies revealed that EIJ1 specifically responds to wounding and herbivore stresses. The expression of EIJ1 was specifically induced by wounding or herbivore stress, as demonstrated by similar results in EIJ1 protein assay.

Interestingly, GUS staining found that the promoter of EIJ1 is not involved in the induction of expression under wounding stress. Instead, we identified the first intron of EIJ1 as a key factor in response to wounding stress. Deleting the first intron of EIJ1 resulted in a loss of response to wounding stress in plants.

Our results broaden the role of EIJ1 in plant resistance to biotic stress and provide new insights into plant responses to biotic stress.
Antioxidant and Secondary Metabolite Responses in Wheat under Cereal Leaf Beetle (Oulema melanopus L.) Infestation
Authors: Parthiban Manikannan , Jan Farkhandah , Mantoo Mohammad Ayuob , Kaur Satinder , Rustgi Sachin , Wani Fehim Jeelani , Varshney Rajeev Kumar , Mir Reyazul Rouf 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWheat is one of the most important cereal crops grown in the Western Himalayas of India but its production is challenged by the insect “cereal leaf beetle (CLB)”. This study explores the impact of domestication and modern crop improvement on wheat's defense mechanisms against the CLB, a global threat to wheat cultivation. Sixteen diverse wheat genotypes having different ploidy levels were investigated, including wild wheat, landraces, mutants, advanced breeding lines, commercial varieties, and a Rye grass genotype. Genotypes with resistance genes, landraces, and wild wheat exhibited the lowest CLB infestation and oxidative damage. These genotypes displayed enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, such as peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and increased plant secondary metabolite (phenol and tannin) production upon CLB infestation. Resistant durum wheat demonstrated moderate responses and exhibited higher levels of flavonoid production. On the other hand, susceptible durum wheat genotypes, commercial variety Shalimar Wheat‐02 (SW‐2), showed high CLB infestation, ROS production, reduced antioxidant enzyme and secondary metabolite production. This may be because modern varieties like SW‐2 were not selected for insect resistance. These findings emphasize the significance of preserving genetic diversity from wild wheat and landraces to bolster wheat breeding programs against pests such as CLB. This study underscores the need to harness ancestral wheat lines to enhance insect pest resistance in modern wheat cultivars.
Insurance and the public–private management of risk at US commercial nuclear power plants
Authors: Gudgel John E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article examines the public–private partnership between the federal government, private insurers, and power companies that enabled the development of commercial nuclear power generation during the 1950s and its evolution to the present day. The public–private process of nuclear insurance development and its impact on nuclear safety is examined through the lens of the Price–Anderson Act enactment and subsequent renewals. The purpose is to show how commercial nuclear insurance evolved over time, and how the indemnification of potentially catastrophic losses influenced the safety behavior of operators, regulators, and other institutions. Evidence is presented demonstrating the relationship between nuclear insurance and safety, using insurance liability and property premiums, and key measures of nuclear safety.
“Following Our Own Path”: Pavel Katenin’s Political Theater
Authors: New Katherine 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe present article focuses on the tension arising from Pavel Katenin’s aesthetic and literary vision for the reception of Antiquity in Russian mythological drama: his avid support of Classical purism and his denunciation of dramatists, for whom ancient myths served merely as a resource of historical parallels, is challenging to reconcile with the revolutionary conception of his play Andromache. The paper argues that Katenin regarded antiquity as an idealized universe from which numerous motifs could be drawn for inspiration. Semantic and structural means employed in the tragedy are analyzed as shedding light on the extent of Katenin’s transformation of the ancient myth to reflect the ideology of his time. The paper suggests that Classical antiquity served as a “mask,” allowing contemporary Decembrist circles to apply ancient models and situational resolutions to their own political crises. The dramatist’s conflation of masked political ideology with extreme innovation and intricate intertextual allusion is put forward as a cause of the brevity of the stage life that Katenin’s Andromache was allowed in St. Petersburg’s Bolshoi Theater.
Differentiation and risk stratification of basal cell carcinoma with deep learning on histopathologic images and measuring nuclei and tumor microenvironment features
Authors: Lan Xuemei , Guo Guanchen , Wang Xiaopo , Yan Qiao , Xue Ruzeng , Li Yufen , Zhu Jiaping , Dong Zhengbang , Wang Fei , Li Guomin , Wang Xiangxue , Xu Jun , Jiang Yiqun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundNuclear pleomorphism and tumor microenvironment (TME) play a critical role in cancer development and progression. Identifying most predictive nuclei and TME features of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) may provide insights into which characteristics pathologists can use to distinguish and stratify this entity.ObjectivesTo develop an automated workflow based on nuclei and TME features from basaloid cell tumor regions to differentiate BCC from trichoepithelioma (TE) and stratify BCC into high‐risk (HR) and low‐risk (LR) subtypes, and to identify the nuclear and TME characteristics profile of different basaloid cell tumors.MethodsThe deep learning systems were trained on 161 H&E ‐stained sections which contained 51 sections of HR‐BCC, 50 sections of LR‐BCC and 60 sections of TE from one institution (D1), and externally and independently validated on D2 (46 sections) and D3 (76 sections), from 2015 to 2022. 60%, 20% and 20% of D1 data were randomly splitted for training, validation and testing, respectively. The framework comprised four stages: tumor regions identification by multi‐head self‐attention (MSA) U‐Net, nuclei segmentation by HoVer‐Net, quantitative feature by handcrafted extraction, and differentiation and risk stratification classifier construction. Pixel accuracy, precision, recall, dice score, intersection over union (IoU) and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the performance of tumor segmentation model and classifiers.ResultsMSA‐U‐Net model detected tumor regions with 0.910 precision, 0.869 recall, 0.889 dice score and 0.800 IoU. The differentiation classifier achieved 0.977 ± 0.0159, 0.955 ± 0.0181, 0.885 ± 0.0237 AUC in D1, D2 and D3, respectively. The most discriminative features between BCC and TE contained Homogeneity, Elongation, T‐T_meanEdgeLength, T‐T_Nsubgraph, S‐T_HarmonicCentrality, S‐S_Degrees. The risk stratification model can well predict HR‐BCC and LR‐BCC with 0.920 ± 0.0579, 0.839 ± 0.0176, 0.825 ± 0.0153 AUC in D1, D2 and D3, respectively. The most discriminative features between HR‐BCC and LR‐BCC comprised IntensityMin, Solidity, T‐T_minEdgeLength, T‐T_Coreness, T‐T_Degrees, T‐T_Betweenness, S‐T_Degrees.ConclusionsThis framework hold potential for future use as a second opinion helping inform diagnosis of BCC, and identify nuclei and TME features related with malignancy and tumor risk stratification.
Wemap‐based direction model for individuals with limited spatial orientation skills
Authors: Wang Xiaolong , Yan Haowen , Wang Zhuo , Gao Xiaorong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSpatial direction relationships act as links between visually perceived data and natural language in cartography and geographic information systems. Although the existing direction models are able to compute spatial direction relationships, their adaptability to unique users of Wemap, such as individuals with limited spatial orientation skills (ILSOS), is minimal. In particular, the ability to identify locations and directions on maps can pose serious challenges for ILSOS. As such, a Wemap‐based direction model was developed in this study to address this deficiency, specifically targeting ILSOS. To address these challenges, a model for calculating spatial direction relationships was constructed. Subsequently, a questionnaire was administered to verify the consistency of the proposed model with the spatial perceptions of ILSOS. The experimental results demonstrate that (1) the proposed model can calculate the spatial direction relationships between a reference object and source target based on absolute reference frames; (2) ILSOS account for a certain proportion of the population and have a superior ability to distinguish spatial over geographic directions; and (3) the calculation results of the proposed model are consistent with the spatial cognition of ILSOS.