bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dams facilitate predation during Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolt migration
Authors: Mensinger Matthew A. , Hawkes James P. , Goulette Graham S. , Mortelliti Alessio , Blomberg Erik J. , Zydlewski Joseph D. 
Published: November 2023

Diadromous fish populations have incurred precipitous declines across the globe. Among many stressors, these species are threatened by anthropogenic barriers that impede movement, alter riverine habitat, and augment predator communities. In this study, we used acoustic transmitters ( n = 220) with predation and temperature sensors to characterize Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) smolt predation risk in the Penobscot River, Maine, USA. Across two seasons, we documented 79 predation events through a 170 km migratory pathway, which included three hydropower projects and a large estuary. We detected tagged smolts that were predated by fish ( n = 42), marine mammals ( n = 28), and birds ( n = 9). Using a multistate mark-recapture framework, we estimated that 46% of smolts were predated during downstream migration, which accounted for at least 55% of all mortality. Relative predation risk was greatest through impoundments and the lower estuary, where on average, predation rates were 4.8-fold and 9.0-fold greater than free-flowing reaches, respectively. These results suggest that predation pressure on Atlantic salmon smolts is exacerbated by hydropower projects and that predation in the lower estuary may be greater than expected.
Effects of cutting speed and feed per knife on energy requirements for processing black spruce logs with a chipper-canter
Authors: Bourscheid Cleide Beatriz , Hernández Roger E. , Cáceres Claudia B. , Blais Carl 
Published: November 2023

The effects of cutting speed (CS), feed per knife (FK), and temperature condition on energy requirements for processing black spruce logs by a chipper-canter were assessed. Nine groups of 15 logs were tested at three CS (20, 25, and 30 m/s) and three FK (19, 25, and 32 mm). Each log was processed under frozen (−13 °C) and unfrozen (19 °C) conditions. Mean power increased as CS and FK increased. This behavior is explained by the mechanical relationships between the parameters and the rotation and feed speeds, as well as by the increase in the volume of wood cut. The energy consumption and the specific energy consumption increased as CS increased and FK decreased. For the three electrical criteria, more energy was consumed when processing frozen logs, which is due to the greater mechanical properties of wood. A positive relationship was identified between sapwood and heartwood moisture content, basic density, grain angle, and wood volume transformed into chips, as covariates, and the three energy criteria. These results give useful information on energy requirements to adjust cutting parameters of chipper-canters for a better energy management in sawmills.
Response to side-banded phosphorus and zinc fertilizer for corn grown after canola or soybean in southern Manitoba
Authors: Rogalsky Magdalena , Tiessen Kevin H.D. , Flaten Don , Lawley Yvonne , Tenuta Mario , Heard John 
Published: November 2023

A 2-year crop rotation study in southern Manitoba assessed the effects of starter fertilizer on grain corn ( Zea mays L.) production when corn followed canola ( Brassica napus L.) versus soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.). Treatments included a control (no starter) and two rates of phosphorus (P) (30 and 60 kg P2O5 ha−1) as monoammonium phosphate (MAP, 11–52–0) or MicroEssentials® SZ (MESZn, 12–40–0–10–1) side-banded at planting. The preceding crop did not have any influence on mycorrhizal colonization of corn roots at the V4 corn growth stage. However, side-banded fertilizer increased early-season biomass by as much as 111% compared to the unfertilized control, averaged across all site-years, with the largest increases occurring where corn followed canola. P concentration and uptake in early-season biomass increased as the P rate increased. Zinc (Zn) concentrations in early-season biomass were the greatest for the unfertilized control and MESZn treatments, while Zn uptake was significantly greater with the application of starter fertilizer compared to the unfertilized control. Starter P advanced silking date by 2–7 days relative to the unfertilized control. At maturity, starter P reduced grain moisture by 21–27 g kg−1 in corn only after canola. The high rate of MAP increased grain yield by an average of 770 kg ha−1 compared to the unfertilized control, regardless of the preceding crop. The negative influence of the preceding canola crop on early-season growth and mid-season development of corn can be managed with starter fertilization to provide adequate P and Zn to the corn crop and maintain successful production in Manitoba.
Gpu-based optical photon simulation for the LHCb RICH 1 detector
Authors: Li Yunlong , Davis Adam , Easo Sajan , Evans Keith , Gersabeck Evelina Mihova , Gersabeck Marco , Girardey Lucas George , Nandakumar Raja , Pointer Annabelle Jane 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe present the investigation of the use of Opticks, a GPU-accelerated optical photon interface with the LHCb detector simulation, to improve computation time of optical photon propagation. The hybrid workflow, combining the particle simulation package Geant4 and Opticks, offloads optical photon propagation to GPUs, thereby accelerating the overall simulation process. The consistency of the results obtained from Geant4 and Opticks simulations is verified with a simplified LHCb RICH1 detector geometry, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed approach. In addition, the ongoing transition to the NVIDIA OptiX 7 API and re-structuring of Opticks code is discussed within the context of HEP simulation workflows, with caveats explored.
Oxygen Requirement and Associated Risk Factors in Post-COVID-19 Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Care Center: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Pathak Bishnu Deep , Upadhaya Regmi Binit , Joshi Sushil , Dhakal Bishal , Sapkota Suhail , Bishwakarma Kanchan , Bhandari Ashim , Pathak Seejan , Sharma Shriya , Adhikari Aakriti , Simkhada Nabin , Shrestha Dhan 
Published: November 2023

Background. COVID-19 commonly affects the lungs and may lead to mild to severe hypoxemia. The supplemental oxygen requirement gradually reduces with the improvement in lung pathology. However, a few patients may have exertional desaturation, and ongoing oxygen needs at the time of hospital discharge. The objective of this research was to study the requirement of oxygen therapy in the immediate post-COVID-19 period and its associated risk factors. Materials and Methods. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on the admitted post-COVID-19 patients who had recently tested real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) negative in a tertiary care center from August 2021 to mid of October 2021. Nonprobability consecutive sampling was used, and the sample size was 108. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM-SPSS), version 23. The mode of oxygen therapy (nasal cannula, face mask, reservoir mask, or mechanical ventilation) in the first two weeks of the study was presented appropriately in a table. The nonparametric statistical tests were applied to determine the association between the duration of post-COVID-19 oxygen therapy and several other risk factors such as age, gender, comorbidities, smoking status, exposure to firewood, COVID-19 vaccination, and severity of COVID-19. Results. 95 (87.96%) cases required oxygen therapy in their immediate post-COVID-19 period. The overall median duration of oxygen therapy was 6.00 (4.00–10.00) days. The nasal cannula was the most commonly used mode of oxygen supplement. The duration of oxygen therapy was significantly higher in patients aged more than 60 years (6.00 [5.00–11.00],

p

= 0.013), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (10.00 [6.00–12.75],

p

= 0.006), history of chronic smoking (9.00 [5.50–13.00],

p

= 0.044), and severe COVID-19 infection (7.00 [5.00–10.50],

p

= 0.042). Conclusions. The proportion of patients requiring oxygen therapy in the immediate post-COVID-19 period was higher than that reported in other studies. In addition, old age (>60 years), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic smoking, and severe COVID-19 infection significantly increased the duration of oxygen therapy. So, these factors should be assessed while discharging patients from COVID-19 facilities, and oxygen supplementation should be planned for needy patients.
Development of energy conversion and lightning strike protection simulation for photovoltaic-wind turbine on grid
Authors: Satria Habib , Mungkin Moranain , Dayana Indri , Ramdan Dadan , Maizana Dina , Syafii Syafii 
Published: November 2023

Photovoltaic (PV) installations and wind turbines that are installed on the rooftops of buildings need to be protected because the layout is in a high position and there is a risk of being struck by lightning. Therefore, a more effective protection system is designed to anticipate electronic damage and fire on all materials in the distribution network, especially the addition of PV and wind turbine installations on building roofs. The purpose of this study is to simulate a lightning protection system on the distribution network and the results of on-grid PV energy conversion using electrical transient analyzer program (ETAP) software. Feeder relay delay times and cascade coordination patterns between outgoing and incoming relays do not overlap. the delay time of the relay working on the feeder is 0.31 s and the coordination pattern of the outgoing relay and incoming relay does not touch each other, so the delay time for the incoming relay is 2.73 s. Then testing the results of PV energy conversion connected to the grid using MATLAB Simulink monitoring obtained data reaching 1.600 Wp at peak power with sun conditions parallel to the PV installation layout.
Generate fuzzy string-matching to build self attention on Indonesian medical-chatbot
Authors: Suwarningsih Wiwin , Nuryani Nuryani 
Published: November 2023

Chatbot is a form of interactive conversation that requires quick and precise answers. The process of identifying answers to users’ questions involves string matching and handling incorrect spelling. Therefore, a system that can independently predict and correct letters is highly necessary. The approach used to address this issue is to enhance the fuzzy string-matching method by incorporating several features for self-attention. The combination of fuzzy string-matching methods employed includes Jaro Winkler distance + Levenshtein Damerau distance and Damerau Levenshtein + Rabin Carp. The reason for using this combination is their ability not only to match strings but also to correct word typing errors. This research contributes by developing a self-attention mechanism through a modified fuzzy string-matching model with enhanced word feature structures. The goal is to utilize this self-attention mechanism in constructing the Indonesian medical bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (IM-BERT). This will serve as a foundation for additional features to provide accurate answers in the Indonesian medical question and answer system, achieving an exact match of 85.7% and an F1-score of 87.6%.
Colloquium 4 Plato’s Statesman and the Nature of Philosophical Writing
Authors: Sanday Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Visitor’s inquiry into the expertise of statesmanship in Plato’s Statesman consistently privileges knowledge as the sole source from which to derive legitimate authority to command. And yet the section of the dialogue to which he refers as a “play” (δρᾶμα, 303c8) of satyrs and centaurs (291a–303d) complicates matters significantly by spelling out the difficulty of identifying a true statesman and the dangers of thinking ourselves able to do so. Reading the account of human community provided in the myth of the cosmos together with the “good imitation” of knowledge in the satyr play, a limited notion of properly human wisdom comes into view as the horizon within which to interpret knowledge and dialectical division in the dialogue. I conclude that the education of the dialectician is connected to the problem of the absence of the true statesman, and that the Statesman is prescribing ways in which members of the philosophical community ought to understand themselves in dialogue with the written word.
Including the Horizontal Observation Error Correlation in the Ensemble Kalman Filter: Idealized Experiments with NICAM-LETKF
Authors: Terasaki Koji , Miyoshi Takemasa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Densely observed remote sensing data such as radars and satellites generally contain significant spatial error correlations. In data assimilation, the observation error covariance matrix is usually assumed to be diagonal, and the dense data are thinned or spatially averaged to compensate for neglecting the spatial observation error correlation. However, in theory, including the spatial observation error correlation in data assimilation can make better use of the dense data. This study performs perfect model observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) using the nonhydrostatic icosahedral atmospheric model (NICAM) and the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) to assess the impact of assimilating horizontally dense and error-correlated observations. The condition number of the observation error covariance matrix, defined as the ratio of the largest to smallest eigenvalues, is important for the numerical stability of the LETKF computation. A large condition number makes it difficult to compute the ensemble transform matrix correctly. Reducing the condition number by reconditioning is found effective for stable computation. The results show that including the horizontal observation error correlation with reconditioning makes the analysis more accurate but requires 6 times more computations than the case with the diagonal observation error covariance matrix.

Significance Statement
It is important to effectively utilize observations in data assimilation for more accurate weather prediction. Spatially dense observations are known to have an error correlation that is ignored in the data assimilation. This study explores assimilating dense observations by explicitly including observation error correlations with an idealized experiment. The results shows that the analysis is improved by including the observation error correlations. Also, the condition number of the observation error covariance matrix is essential for stable computations.
Visual Style Elements in Human–System Interface Design for Nuclear Power Operations: Does Style Affect Performance and Preference?
Authors: Hall Anna , Alivisatos Clara , Ulrich Thomas A. , Lew Roger , Boring Ronald L. , Poresky Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Objective As the world increasingly adopts renewable and sustainable energy systems, transitionary solutions include nuclear power, which currently provides 20% of the United States’ electricity and is the largest single source of carbon-free electricity generation. Advanced reactors are a critical component of a carbon-free mixed energy portfolio that require careful design of first-of-a-kind control rooms. Background The application of Human Factors Engineering (HFE) is essential for scientific and iterative testing of novel human–system interface (HSI) concepts to ensure effective, efficient, and safe plant operations. Microworlds are simulators that use simplified physics models and control systems to distill nuclear power operations into essential functions. Method HFE scientists used the Rancor Microworld Simulator to obtain preference and performance metrics for novel and traditional static HSI design styles. Participants comprised advanced reactor company employees and nuclear industry consultants. A mixture of quantitative and qualitative data was captured. Results There was a preference for the basic graphical style that included high contrast and traditional color scheme elements. No single HSI design outperformed the others, and the participants did not perform better using their preferred HSI style. Conclusion This experiment is the first in a series of HFE testing for HSIs in advanced reactor control room development. Clear user preferences emerged for elements within static displays. The cutting-edge neumorphic style was the least preferred. Future directions include tests of dynamic displays. Application HFE is used in evaluating and designing HSI devices that will improve the efficiency and safety of advanced nuclear power operations.
A possible mechanism and predictors of forming looped guidewire between the right subclavian and brachiocephalic artery during coronary angiography with right radial artery access: An original paper
Authors: Nakajima Hiroyuki , Momose Tomoyasu , Misawa Takuo 
Published: November 2023

Objectives Guidewire occasionally creates a loop-like appearance between the right subclavian artery and brachiocephalic artery when performing coronary angiography (CAG) with right radial artery (RtRA) access. We called this occurrence a looped guidewire at the brachiocephalic artery (looped GW at BA). It is associated with difficulties in catheter manipulation. This study aimed to assess the predictors of forming a looped GW at the BA. Methods We examined 175 (mean age, 71.3 ± 9.5 years; 74.9% men) consecutive patients who underwent elective CAG with the RtRA access. Looped GW at the BA was defined as a loop-like appearance of the 0.035-inch GW between the right subclavian and brachiocephalic artery on a frontal view or left anterior oblique. To identify the predictors of looped GW at BA, patient characteristics and examination data obtained before CAG were compared between patients with and without looped GW at the BA. Results The prevalence of looped GW at BA was 10.9%. The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), which reflects arterial stiffness, was significantly different in patients with or without looped GW at BA (9.8 ± 1.0 vs. 8.9 ± 1.5, p  = 0.0092). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of CAVI to predict looped GW at BA was 0.745, with 0.94 sensitivity and 0.57 specificity in a cutoff point of CAVI ≥9.0. Conclusions Looped GW at BA can be ruled out by CAVI and is associated with high arterial stiffness.
The Prevalence of Destigmatization of Mental Health in Undergraduate Psychopathology Courses
Authors: Becker Jeremy R. , Stiles Dana , Bruce Madeline J. 
Published: November 2023

Objective This study examines psychopathology class syllabi to assess if instructors are explicitly referencing destigmatization in their courses. Method We surveyed N = 31 instructors about their opinions on psychopathology classes being an avenue for redressing mental health stigma and qualitatively analyzed N = 29 syllabi to identify these explicit goals. Results Instructors generally believe these courses should redress stigma, that destigmatization should be a main course objective, and that they personally facilitate these discussions in their class. However, only 17% of syllabi had direct references to reducing stigma in their learning outcomes or course description. Conclusion Principles of undergraduate education implore instructors to thoughtfully integrate diversity, equity, and inclusion into their courses, including sensitive discussion of mental health and illness. We discuss possible reasons for the discrepancy between instructors’ voiced objectives and what is listed in their syllabi and offer ideas to make redressing stigma a more salient goal. Teaching Implications Given the themes of psychopathology courses, these instructors are in a unique position to redress stigma regarding mental health. To make an instructor's goal of destigmatization salient, we implore them to list such goals in their syllabi, which our research found was not common.
Perioperative changes in coagulation and platelet contribution to clot strength after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: A study using thromboelastography and conventional markers
Authors: Sajima Takeyuki , Harada Mae , Onimaru Taichi , Honjo Takahiro , Mizuguchi Taisuke , Yasuda Atsushi , Swamura Shigehito , Hioki Hirofumi , Watanabe Yusuke 
Published: November 2023

Introduction Thrombotic and haemorrhagic complications have been reported following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). However, few reports have studied perioperative changes in coagulation and platelet function after TAVI. Furthermore, there are no clear guidelines for antithrombotic therapy. This study aimed to examine the perioperative changes in coagulation and platelet contribution to clot strength after TAVI using thromboelastography (TEG 6s; Hemonetics). Methods This prospective observational study included 15 patients scheduled to undergo TAVI for severe aortic stenosis. TEG 6s global haemostasis was used to record three measurements: on the day of surgery (immediately before the operation) and postoperative days 1 and 3. The reaction time R to thrombosis; K and α, which represent the rate of thrombosis; and the maximum amplitude (MA) were measured from the kaolin thromboelastography (TEG) curves. The coagulation index (CI) was calculated from the measurement results to assess thrombotic tendency. In addition, MA was converted to elastic clot strength, and platelet function was assessed by the difference, Gp, in elastic strength depending on platelet activation. Results R and K decreased, and α tended to increase in kaolin TEG on days 1 and 3 after TAVI, indicating elevated coagulation function compared with the preoperative period, but MA and CI did not show significant changes. Gp decreased significantly on days 1 and 3, suggesting a decrease in the platelet contribution to clot strength. Conclusions Compared with the preoperative period, coagulation tended to increase, and platelet contribution to clot strength decreased from days 1 to 3 after TAVI.
Simple and biodegradable mesoporous silica nanocarriers for enhancing antitumor therapy through photochemical synergism
Authors: Yang Yiping , Qin Yuchang , Yang Shengchao , Liu Tianyu , Benassi Enrico , Cui Lin , Liu Zhiyong , Guo Xuhong , Li Yongsheng 
Published: November 2023

The biosafety and degradability of nanocarriers have always been an important factor restricting their entry into the clinic. In this work, a new nano-system was prepared by coating the photothermal effect of dopamine-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles with carboxymethyl chitin through electrostatic interaction, and is further anchored with folic acid on the surface for targeted delivery of anti-cancer the drug doxorubicin (DOX). The nano-system (DOX@PDA/MSN-CMCS-FA) is simply modified CMCS after being loaded with DOX and has good dispersibility, and the drug loading is 10.6%. In vitro release studies have shown that the release rate of PDA/MSN-CMCS-FA is 40% in pH 5.5. Effective degradation is debris in 14 d acidic environments. Due to the anti-infrared photothermal effects of PDA doping and DOX chemotherapy, the semi-lethal concentration (IC50) of nanoparticles (NPS) was 14.95 μg/mL, which can inhibit tumor cell growth by photochemical synergistic treatment, and have certain degradation performance.