bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early-onset pharyngeal airway collapse in infants: a retrospective single-center study
Authors: Qing Wei , Xun Chen , Guangmin Nong , Yan Li , Min Jiang , Ruimin Yang , Chunyan Li , Xiaobo Zhang , Xiang Yi , Jing Liu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Early-onset pharyngeal airway collapse (PAC) in infants, which presents with onset within 6-months old is relatively rare. This disease has not been given enough attention in clinic. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical features, endoscopic findings and outcomes of early-onset PAC in infants.

Methods
The children of PAC with onset within 6-months old were included. A retrospective study was conducted.

Results
(1) Total 26 cases were included. The age of onset was neonatal period in 20 cases, 1 to 3-months old in 5 cases, and 4 to 6-months old in 1 case. (2) The main clinical manifestations were noisy breathing (26/26), suprasternal retraction (18/26), snoring (14/26) and hypoxic episode (13/26). (3) Based on the endoscopic findings, collapse at the retropalatal level was most common (24/26). (4) Twelve cases underwent pharyngolaryngeal CT examination, which revealed abnormal findings in 7 cases. (5) Fifteen cases were accompanied with the other airway malformations. (6) In the group with comorbidities of cerebral impairment or craniofacial abnormalities, 1 case was lost to follow up, 4 cases died, and 10 cases survived, in which 9 cases had neurodevelopmental disorders. In the group without comorbidities, 2 cases were lost to follow up, 9 cases survived, in which 1 case had neurodevelopmental disorders. The incidence of poor prognosis including death and neurodevelopmental disorders was significantly higher in the group with comorbidities than that without comorbidities (P<0.01). (7) An symptomatic improvement of PAC was found in the majority of the survived cases (18/19) with age.

Conclusions
Early-onset PAC in infants usually exhibits varying degrees of relief with age, whereas the cases with comorbidities had a poor prognosis.
Patterns of use, perceptions, and cardiopulmonary health risks of cigar products: a systematic review
Authors: Vargees Comreen , Stroup Andrea M. , Niznik Taylor , Dunn Delaney , Wyatt Riley , Hoetger Cosima , Taleb Ziyad Ben , Cohn Amy M. , Cobb Caroline O. , Fetterman Jessica L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective
A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the use patterns, health perceptions, and cardiopulmonary health effects of cigars.

Data sources
PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for peer-reviewed articles published between June 2014 and February 2021. Search keywords included cigars, cigarillos, little cigars, and cardiopulmonary health outcomes.

Study selection
Of 782 papers identified, we excluded non-English articles, review articles, commentaries, and those without empirical data on cigars. Three coders independently reviewed all articles and compared codes to resolve discrepancies. 93 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included.

Data synthesis
Cigars have evolved from premium cigars to encompass little cigars and cigarillos (LCCs). LCCs are available in an array of flavors and at a price advantage, and as a result, are used by different groups compared to premium cigars. LCCs are more frequently used by youth, young adults, and those who identify as Black/African American. LCCs are often used in combination with other tobacco products, alcohol, and cannabis. Despite limited regulation, cigars generate smoke of a similar composition as cigarettes. Among the studies identified, evidence suggests that cigar use is associated with cardiovascular and pulmonary toxicity. Higher all-cause and cancer-related mortalities are associated with cigar use, particularly with more frequent and deeper inhalation, compared to non-tobacco users.

Conclusions
LCCs are used more frequently by at-risk groups compared to premium cigars. Recent studies evaluating cigar cardiopulmonary health effects are limited but suggest cigars have similar health risks as conferred by cigarette smoking. With the use of LCCs and targeted marketing on the rise among high-risk groups, there is a critical need for continued research in this area.
Lipid bilayer properties potentially contributed to the evolutionary disappearance of betaine lipids in seed plants
Authors: Bolik Stéphanie , Schlaich Alexander , Mukhina Tetiana , Amato Alberto , Bastien Olivier , Schneck Emanuel , Demé Bruno , Jouhet Juliette 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Many organisms rely on mineral nutrients taken directly from the soil or aquatic environment, and therefore, developed mechanisms to cope with the limitation of a given essential nutrient. For example, photosynthetic cells have well-defined responses to phosphate limitation, including the replacement of cellular membrane phospholipids with non-phosphorous lipids. Under phosphate starvation, phospholipids in extraplastidial membranes are replaced by betaine lipids in microalgae. In higher plants, the synthesis of betaine lipid is lost, driving plants to other strategies to cope with phosphate starvation where they replace their phospholipids by glycolipids.

Results
The aim of this work was to evaluate to what extent betaine lipids and PC lipids share physicochemical properties and could substitute for each other. By neutron diffraction experiments and dynamic molecular simulation of two synthetic lipids, the dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and the dipalmitoyl-diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine (DP-DGTS), we found that DP-DGTS bilayers are thicker than DPPC bilayers and therefore are more rigid. Furthermore, DP-DGTS bilayers are more repulsive, especially at long range, maybe due to unexpected unscreened electrostatic contribution. Finally, DP-DGTS bilayers could coexist in the gel and fluid phases.

Conclusion
The different properties and hydration responses of PC and DGTS provide an explanation for the diversity of betaine lipids observed in marine organisms and for their disappearance in seed plants.
Genetically predicted plasma levels of amino acids and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease risk: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhao Jian , Zeng Jing , Zhu Cairong , Li Xuechao , Liu Dong , Zhang Jun , Li Fei , Targher Giovanni , Fan Jian-Gao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Emerging metabolomics-based studies suggested links between amino acid metabolism and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) risk; however, whether there exists an aetiological role of amino acid metabolism in MAFLD development remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to assess the causal relationship between circulating levels of amino acids and MAFLD risk.

Methods
We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to evaluate the causal relationship between genetically predicted circulating levels of amino acids and the risk of MAFLD. In the discovery MR analysis, we used data from the largest MAFLD GWAS (8434 cases and 770,180 controls), while in the replication MR analysis, we used data from a GWAS on MAFLD (1483 cases and 17,781 controls) where MAFLD cases were diagnosed using liver biopsy. We used Wald ratios or inverse variance-weighted (IVW) methods in the MR main analysis and weighted median and MR-Egger regression analyses in sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, we performed a conservative MR analysis by restricting genetic instruments to those directly involved in amino acid metabolism pathways.

Results
We found that genetically predicted higher alanine (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.13–1.81) and lower glutamine (OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.73–0.96) levels were associated with a higher risk of developing MAFLD based on the results from the MR main and conservative analysis. The results from MR sensitivity analyses and complementary analysis using liver proton density fat fraction as a continuous outcome proxying for MAFLD supported the main findings.

Conclusions
Novel causal metabolites related to MAFLD development were uncovered through MR analysis, suggesting future potential for evaluating these metabolites as targets for MAFLD prevention or treatment.
Association of body mass index and long-term mortality in patients from nationwide LIPIDOGRAM 2004–2015 cohort studies: no obesity paradox?
Authors: Osadnik Tadeusz , Nowak Dariusz , Osadnik Kamila , Gierlotka Marek , Windak Adam , Tomasik Tomasz , Mastej Mirosław , Łabuz-Roszak Beata , Jóźwiak Kacper , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Mikhailidis Dimitri P. , Toth Peter P. , Sattar Naveed , Goławski Marcin , Jóźwiak Jacek , Banach Maciej ,   the LIPIDOGRAM Investigators
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
An obesity paradox has been described in relation to adverse clinical outcomes (e.g., mortality) with lower body mass index (BMI).

Aims
We sought to evaluate the association between BMI and weight loss with long-term all-cause mortality in adult populations under the care of family physicians.

Methods
LIPIDOGRAM studies were conducted in primary care in Poland in 2004, 2006, and 2015 and enrolled a total of 45,615 patients. The LIPIDOGRAM Plus study included 1627 patients recruited in the LIPIDOGRAM 2004 and repeated measurements in 2006 edition. Patients were classified by BMI categories as underweight, normal weight, overweight and class I, II, or III (obesity). Follow-up data up to December 2021 were obtained from the Central Statistical Office. Differences in all-cause mortality were analyzed using Kaplan‒Meier and Cox regression analyses.

Results
Of 45,615 patients, 10,987 (24.1%) were normal weight, 320 (0.7%) were underweight, 19,134 (41.9%) were overweight, and 15,174 (33.2%) lived with obesity. Follow-up was available for 44,620 patients (97.8%, median duration 15.3 years, 61.7% females). In the crude analysis, long-term all-cause mortality was lowest for the normal-weight group (14%) compared with other categories. After adjusting for comorbidities, the highest risk of death was observed for the class III obesity and underweight categories (hazard ratio, HR 1.79, 95% CI [1.55–2.05] and HR 1.57, 95% CI [1.22–2.04]), respectively. The LIPIDOGRAM Plus analysis revealed that a decrease in body weight (by 5 and 10%) over 2 years was associated with a significantly increased risk of death during long-term follow-up—HR 1.45 (95% CI 1.05–2.02, p = 0.03) and HR 1.67 (95% CI 1.02–2.74, p < 0.001). Patients who experienced weight loss were older and more burdened with comorbidities.

Conclusions
Being underweight, overweight or obese is associated with a higher mortality risk in a population of patients in primary care. Patients who lost weight were older and more burdened with cardiometabolic diseases, which may suggest unintentional weight loss, and were at higher risk of death in the long-term follow-up. In nonsmoking patients without comorbidities, the lowest mortality was observed in those with a BMI < 25 kg/m2, and no U-curve relationship was observed.
A novel complement-fixing IgM antibody targeting GPC1 as a useful immunotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Busato Davide , Capolla Sara , Durigutto Paolo , Mossenta Monica , Bozzer Sara , Sblattero Daniele , Macor Paolo , Dal Bo Michele , Toffoli Giuseppe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive cancers with a very low survival rate at 5 years. The use of chemotherapeutic agents results in only modest prolongation of survival and is generally associated with the occurrence of toxicity effects. Antibody-based immunotherapy has been proposed for the treatment of PDAC, but its efficacy has so far proved limited. The proteoglycan glypican-1 (GPC1) may be a useful immunotherapeutic target because it is highly expressed on the surface of PDAC cells, whereas it is not expressed or is expressed at very low levels in benign neoplastic lesions, chronic pancreatitis, and normal adult tissues. Here, we developed and characterized a specific mouse IgM antibody (AT101) targeting GPC1.

Methods
We developed a mouse monoclonal antibody of the IgM class directed against an epitope of GPC1 in close proximity to the cell membrane. For this purpose, a 46 amino acid long peptide of the C-terminal region was used to immunize mice by an in-vivo electroporation protocol followed by serum titer and hybridoma formation.

Results
The ability of AT101 to bind the GPC1 protein was demonstrated by ELISA, and by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis in the GPC1-expressing "PDAC-like" BXPC3 cell line. In-vivo experiments in the BXPC3 xenograft model showed that AT101 was able to bind GPC1 on the cell surface and accumulate in the BXPC3 tumor masses. Ex-vivo analyses of BXPC3 tumor masses showed that AT101 was able to recruit immunological effectors (complement system components, NK cells, macrophages) to the tumor site and damage PDAC tumor tissue. In-vivo treatment with AT101 reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival of mice with BXPC3 tumor (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
These results indicate that AT101, an IgM specific for an epitope of GPC1 close to PDAC cell surface, is a promising immunotherapeutic agent for GPC1-expressing PDAC, being able to selectively activate the complement system and recruit effector cells in the tumor microenvironment, thus allowing to reduce tumor mass growth and improve survival in treated mice.
Enhancing cranial defect repair in rats: investigating the effect of combining Total Flavonoids from Rhizoma Drynariae with calcium phosphate/collagen scaffolds
Authors: Yu Lan , Shen Yiyang , Yang Jun , Feng Xiaoyan , Zhou Changlong , Lin Jun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae (TFRD) in conjunction with a calcium phosphate/collagen scaffold for the repair of cranial defects in rats.

Methods
The subjects, rats, were segregated into four groups: Control, TFRD, Scaffold, and TFRD + Scaffold. Cranial critical bone defects, 5 mm in diameter, were artificially induced through precise drilling. Post-surgery, at intervals of 2, 4, and 8 weeks, micro-CT scans were conducted to evaluate the progress of skull repair. Hematoxylin–eosin and Masson staining techniques were applied to discern morphological disparities, and immunohistochemical staining was utilized to ascertain the expression levels of local osteogenic active factors, such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and osteocalcin (OCN).

Results
Upon examination at the 8-week mark, cranial defects in the Scaffold and TFRD + Scaffold cohorts manifested significant repair, with the latter group displaying only negligible foramina. Micro-CT examination unveiled relative to its counterparts, and the TFRD + Scaffold groups exhibited marked bone regeneration at the 4- and 8-week intervals. Notably, the TFRD + Scaffold group exhibited substantial bone defect repair compared to the TFRD and Scaffold groups throughout the entire observation period, while histomorphological assessment demonstrated a significantly higher collagen fiber content than the other groups after 2 weeks. Immunohistochemical analysis further substantiated that the TFRD + Scaffold had augmented expression of BMP-2 at 2, 4 weeks and OCN at 2 weeks relative to other groups.

Conclusions
The synergistic application of TFRD and calcium phosphate/collagen scaffold has been shown to enhance bone mineralization, bone plasticity, and bone histomorphology especially during initial osteogenesis phases.
Do parental attachment and prosocial behavior moderate the impairment from depression symptoms in adolescents who seek mental health care?
Authors: Hysaj Marsida , Crone Mathilde R. , Kiefte-de Jong Jessica C. , Vermeiren Robert R.J.M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe investigated parental attachment and prosocial behavior as social protective indicators in adolescents (age 11–17) with symptoms of depression in a clinical setting. Specifically, we tested the moderating effect of these factors on the relation between symptoms of depression and their impairment on daily life. The Development and Well-Being Assessment, as completed by children, mothers, and fathers, was used, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted for these three perspectives. From the adolescents’ reports, we only found a significant effect of symptoms on impairment, indicating that a higher number of symptoms were related to higher impairment. For the mothers and fathers, a higher score on the adolescents’ prosocial behavior was related to a lower impairment from depression symptoms on the daily life of the adolescent and the family. Only for the mothers did a higher score on prosocial behavior buffer the effect of symptoms on impairment, while a higher parental attachment score was associated with a lower impairment. Further, when examining maternal and paternal attachment separately, only the mothers reported less impairment when perceiving that the adolescent was attached to the father. Paternal attachment even buffered the effect of symptoms on impairment. To conclude, our results indicate that social protective factors, from the parent’s perspective, are likely to have a beneficial effect in clinical practice and should be taken into account when examining impairment scores. Future studies should investigate whether additional protective indicators from the adolescents’ perspective, such as quality of parental attachment or family climate, may have a positive impact on their daily functioning.
Reducing Stress after Trauma (ReSeT): study protocol for a randomized, controlled trial of an online psychoeducational program and video therapy sessions for children hospitalized after trauma
Authors: Keenan Heather T. , Wade Shari L. , Miron Devi , Presson Angela P. , Clark Amy E. , Ewing-Cobbs Linda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Post-traumatic stress symptoms develop in a quarter to half of injured children affecting their longer-term psychologic and physical health. Evidence-based care exists for post-traumatic stress; however, it is not readily available in some communities. We have developed an eHealth program consisting of online, interactive educational modules and telehealth therapist support based in trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy, the Reducing Stress after Trauma (ReSeT) program. We hypothesize that children with post-traumatic stress who participate in ReSeT will have fewer symptoms compared to the usual care control group.

Methods
This is a randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness of the ReSeT intervention in reducing symptoms of post-traumatic stress compared to a usual care control group. One hundred and six children ages 8–17 years, who were admitted to hospital following an injury, with post-traumatic stress symptoms at 4 weeks post-injury, will be recruited and randomized from the four participating trauma centers. The outcomes compared across groups will be post-traumatic stress symptoms at 10 weeks (primary outcome) controlling for baseline symptoms and at 6 months post-randomization (secondary outcome).

Discussion
ReSeT is an evidence-based program designed to reduce post-traumatic stress symptoms among injured children using an eHealth platform. Currently, the American College of Surgeons standards suggest that trauma programs identify and treat patients at high risk for mental health needs in the trauma system. If effectiveness is demonstrated, ReSeT could help increase access to evidence-based care for children with post-traumatic stress within the trauma system.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04838977. 8 April 2021.
Network pharmacology‑based investigation of potential targets of triptonodiol acting on non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Jin Feng , Ni Xiaochen , Yu Shilong , Jiang Xiaomin , Zhou Jun , Mao Defang , Liu Yanqing , Wu Feng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Triptonodiol is a very promising antitumor drug candidate extracted from the Chinese herbal remedy Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F., and related studies are underway.

Methods
To explore the mechanism of triptonodiol for lung cancer treatment, we used network pharmacology, molecular docking, and ultimately protein validation. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed through the David database. Molecular docking was performed using PyMoL2.3.0 and AutoDock Vina software. After screening, the major targets of triptonodiol were identified for the treatment of lung cancer. Target networks were established, Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network topology was analyzed, then KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed. Useful proteins were screened by survival analysis, and Western blot analysis was performed.

Results
Triptonodiol may regulate cell proliferation, drug resistance, metastasis, anti-apoptosis, etc., by acting on glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3B), protein kinase C (PKC), p21-activated kinase (PAK), and other processes. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that these targets were associated with tumor, erythroblastic oncogene B (ErbB) signaling, protein phosphorylation, kinase activity, etc. Molecular docking showed that the target protein GSK has good binding activity to the main active component of triptonodiol. The protein abundance of GSK3B was significantly downregulated in non-small-cell lung cancer cells H1299 and A549 treated with triptonodiol for 24 h.

Conclusion
The cellular-level studies combined with network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches provide new ideas for the development and therapeutic application of triptonodiol, and identify it as a potential GSK inhibitor.
Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of medullary thyroid microcarcinoma: a tumor with a similar prognosis to macrocarcinoma
Authors: Wu Xin , Li Binglu , Zheng Chaoji 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Tumor size plays an important role in the staging and treatment of thyroid carcinoma. A tumor with a maximum diameter of 1 cm or less is referred to as microcarcinoma. It is unclear if the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of medullary thyroid microcarcinoma (≤ 1 cm; MTMC) and macrocarcinoma (> 1 cm) differ. The present study aims to clarify the clinical features and prognosis of patients with MTMC.

Methods
The patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma underwent radical operation at our hospital between December 2000 and January 2022 were retrospectively studied. A database was established for this study. Patients with MTMC and macrocarcinoma were grouped for comparison. The clinicopathological characteristics of the two groups were compared by χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test, t-test, and Mann–Whitney U test. Cumulative survival rates were presented by the Kaplan–Meier curves and compared using the log-rank test.

Results
A total of 198 patients were included. Of them, 56 and 142 with MTMC and macrocarcinoma, respectively. Few patients in the MTMC group had lateral lymph node metastasis. One hundred and seventy-eight (89.9%) patients were followed up, with a median follow-up period of 61 (35, 105) months. The disease-free survival rate was significantly higher in the MTMC group (log-rank test, p = 0.032); however, there was no significant difference in the overall survival rate between the two groups (log-rank test, p = 0.083).

Conclusions
Patients with MTMC have a lower risk of lateral lymph node metastasis and better disease-free survival than those with macrocarcinoma. However, there was no significant difference in the overall survival rate of both groups. MTMC should be treated in the same manner as macrocarcinoma.