bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decay estimates for quasilinear elliptic equations and a Brezis–Nirenberg result in $$D^{1,p}({\mathbb R}^N)$$
Authors: Carl Siegfried , Tehrani Hossein 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe prove decay estimates for solutions of quasilinear elliptic equations in the whole $${\mathbb R}^N$$

R

N

of the form $$\begin{aligned} u\in X: -\text{ div }\,A(x,\nabla u)=a(x) f(x,u), \end{aligned}$$

u
∈
X
:
-

div

A
(
x
,
∇
u
)
=
a
(
x
)
f
(
x
,
u
)
,

where $$X=D^{1,p}({\mathbb R}^N)$$

X
=

D

1
,
p

(

R

N

)

is the Beppo-Levi space (also called homogeneous Sobolev space). Based on these decay estimates we are able to prove a Brezis–Nirenberg type result for the energy functional $$\Phi : X\rightarrow {\mathbb R}$$

Φ
:
X
→
R

related to the p-Laplacian equation in $${\mathbb R}^N$$

R

N

in the form $$\begin{aligned} u\in X: -\Delta _p u=a(x) g(u), \end{aligned}$$

u
∈
X
:
-

Δ
p

u
=
a

(
x
)

g

(
u
)

,

saying that for the subspace V of bounded continuous functions with weight $$1+|x|^{\frac{N-p}{p}},$$

1
+

|
x
|

N
-
p

p

,

a local minimizer of $$\Phi $$
Φ
in the finer V topology is also a local minimizer in the X-topology. Global $$L^\infty $$

L
∞

-estimates on the one hand and pointwise estimates for solutions of quasilinear elliptic equations in terms of nonlinear Wolff potentials on the other hand play a crucial role in the proofs.
Soil amendments for management of Phytophthora root rot in avocado and their impact on the soil microbiome
Authors: Farooq Qurrat Ul Ain , McComb Jen , Hardy Giles E. St. J. , Burgess Treena I. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhytophthora root rot is a major problem for avocado growers around the world. This review summarises the current control measures and their impact on the soil microbiome. The fungicide phosphite is widely used in the avocado industry, and reports from several countries indicate that Phytophthora cinnamomi is developing resistance. For this reason, alternative control measures have been investigated. Applying organic mulches and soil dressings of calcium or silicon provides a level of control. Biological control through the application of suppressive microbes has been actively investigated over many years, but reports of successful field deployment are rare. This review examines the effects on the soil microbiome of these control measures and assesses the future directions for research.
Effect of Municipal Mulch and Poultry Litter Amendments on Soil and Tree Parameters of a Mature Peach Orchard in a Humid Subtropical Climate
Authors: Lawrence Brian T. , Melgar Juan Carlos 
Published: February 2024

AbstractApplying organic matter (OM) amendments in mature peach orchards with low organic matter content (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.) may improve tree nutrient and water status during the growing season and enable growers to reduce synthetic fertilizer inputs. Three treatments were applied to “Juneprince” and “Scarletprince” peach trees: (1) grower standard of bare soil (GS), (2) municipal mulch (M), and (3) poultry litter with municipal mulch (PLM). Synthetic fertilizer was reduced within the M and PLM treatments each year. Soil samples were taken from under the amendments, and the nutrient and water status of the soil and trees were monitored over 3 years. Fruit yield and tree growth measurements were also recorded. Soil OM did not increase, but soil P increased in all three treatments over time. Soil Cu was reduced by adding OM amendments, while PLM increased soil Na and increased leaf K in “Scarletprince” trees. The PLM and M treatments buffered soil water compared to GS, but tree water status between treatments was largely similar. The elevated N status over time from the PLM and M treatments delayed fruit maturity and reduced cumulative yield in “Juneprince” trees. The PLM treatment increased “Scarletprince” fruit size and mass over 3 years, as well as tree size compared to GS. Covering the soil with mulch allowed for reduced synthetic fertilizer use, but further reduction of supplemental synthetic fertilizer or adjustment of amendment rates is needed to limit N and ensure desired fruit harvest windows and long-term production.
Adjunctive efficacy of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis XLTG11 for functional constipation in children
Authors: Chen Ke , Zhou Zengyuan , Nie Yang , Cao Yanmei , Yang Ping , Zhang Ying , Xu Ping , Yu Qinghua , Shen Yang , Ma Weiwei , Jin Shanshan , Liu Changqi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFunctional constipation (FC) can seriously affect the physical and mental health of children. The goal of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis XLTG11 in treating FC in children through a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled approach. Eligible children were randomized into either the intervention group (IG, n = 65, receiving conventional treatment with probiotics) or the control group (CG, n = 66, receiving conventional treatment without probiotics). The primary outcome measure was fecal frequency. Fecal gut microbiota analysis and PICRUSt (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States) were used to predict gene family abundances based on 16S information. Over the course of treatment, the weekly frequency of feces within each group increased significantly (F = 41.97, p < 0.001). The frequency of feces (times/week (t/w)) in the IG was significantly higher than that in the CG (3.69 ± 2.62 t/w vs.3.18 ± 1.43 t/w, 4.03 ± 2.54 t/w vs. 2.89 ± 1.39 t/w and 3.74 ± 2.36 t/w vs. 2.94 ± 1.18 t/w and 3.45 ± 1.98 vs. 3.17 ± 1.41 t/w for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th week after intervention, respectively) (F = 7.60, p = 0.0067). After the intervention, dominate species shifted to Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve, and Escherichia coli in the IG. Additionally, genes related to short-chain fatty acid (SCF) metabolism were upregulated, while methane metabolism was downregulated. Administration of XLTG11 at a dose of 1 × 1010 CFU/day to children increased fecal frequency, induced beneficial changes in gut microbiota, and regulated SCFs and methane metabolism–related genes.
Graph Convolutional Network with Syntactic Dependency for Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Zhang Fan , Zheng Wenbin , Yang Yujie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) aims to mine the sentiment tendencies expressed by specific aspect terms. The studies of ABSA mainly focus on the attention-based approaches and the graph neural network approaches based on dependency trees. However, the attention-based methods usually face difficulties in capturing long-distance syntactic dependencies. Additionally, existing approaches using graph neural networks have not made sufficient exploit the syntactic dependencies among aspects and opinions. In this paper, we propose a novel Syntactic Dependency Graph Convolutional Network (SD-GCN) model for ABSA. We employ the Biaffine Attention to model the sentence syntactic dependencies and build syntactic dependency graphs from aspects and emotional words. This allows our SD-GCN to learn both the semantic relationships of aspects and the overall semantic meaning. According to these graphs, the long-distance syntactic dependency relationships are captured by GCNs, which facilitates SD-GCN to capture the syntactic dependencies between aspects and viewpoints more comprehensively, and consequently yields enhanced aspect features. We conduct extensive experiments on four aspect-level sentiment datasets. The experimental results show that our SD-GCN outperforms other methodologies. Moreover, ablation experiments and visualization of attention further substantiate the effectiveness of SD-GCN.
Enhanced indoor positioning through human-robot collaboration
Authors: Tang Mengyuan , Zhou Baoding , Zhong Xuanke , Liu Xu , Li Qingquan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIndoor positioning is a critical component for numerous applications and services. However, GNSS systems face challenges in delivering accurate positioning information in indoor environments. Current indoor positioning research primarily concentrates on enhancing the positioning performance of individual terminals through various techniques. As we transition into the Internet of Things (IoT) era, former indoor positioning methods need refinement. In this paper, we propose a novel indoor positioning method that leverages robots as mobile base stations to mitigate the problem of inadequate fixed base stations and aims to enhance positioning accuracy by incorporating pedestrian inertial navigation data. The process involves several steps. First, the mobile robots accurately determine their positions and performing coordinate transformations to ensure consistency with pedestrian coordinate systems. Then, pedestrians use the ranging information from these robots along with their smartphones’ sensors for multi-source fusion positioning. Finally, an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is applied to fuse the multiple sources of data, considering various sources of errors, to provide enhanced positioning performance. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in addressing indoor positioning challenges. This method could benefit numerous scenarios involving robots, enhancing pedestrian positioning accuracy and overall system robustness. The paper provides a comprehensive exploration of this proposed method, its implications, and potential directions for future advancements.
Height best predicts the optimal insertion length of orotracheal tubes in children
Authors: Ross Patrick A. , Abou-Zamzam Ashraf , Newth Christopher J. L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Accurate formulae to predict the optimal insertion length of endotracheal tubes (ETT) are necessary for safe care and have been based on height, weight, age, and ETT size. We believe height best reflects the somatic growth of the trachea. Our goal is to compare a formula generated using height for optimal initial insertion length of ETT to previously published formulae based on height, weight, age, and ETT size.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed chest radiographs over a two-year period where the head was assured in midline and midposition. We excluded children with conditions altering tracheal dimensions or stature, and scoliosis. We chose 2 cm above the carina to be the optimal insertion length of the ETT which was then correlated to height. We created linear regression equations and Bland-Altman plots.

Results
Two hundred three orotracheally intubated children were included. The optimal ETT insertion length using the formula Height (cm)/8 + 3.4 had a high association with linear regression and Bland-Altman plots had the narrowest 95% limits of agreement as compared to previously published formulae.

Conclusions
We found optimal insertion length = Height (cm)/8 + 3.4 is more accurate as compared to commonly used formulae that are based on weight, age, or ETT size. This formula places the ETT 2 cm above the carina which should be safe until a chest radiograph is obtained. We find that the use of formulae that divide the height by 10 overestimates the depth of insertion in younger, smaller children and underestimates the depth of insertion in older children.
Public Health, Internal Borders, and the Ends of Federalism
Authors: Da Silva Michael 
Published: February 2024

AbstractQuestions concerning border closures during pandemics often focus on international borders or rights-based considerations. Closures of internal borders in federal countries, such as Canada, raise independent concerns regarding who can close internal borders when. Those questions are not exhausted by rights-based considerations and cannot be resolved using brute empirical measures. They instead implicate the nature and ends of federalism. This text uses the case of internal border restrictions in Canada during COVID-19 to explore whether the kinds of closures that took place there can be justified on federalism grounds. It argues that the case for provinces being able to unilaterally enact interprovincial border closures in federal countries, as observed in Canada during COVID-19, do not withstand scrutiny. It attends to possible justifications for federalism to demonstrate that the best arguments for federalism do not support provincial control over borders that justify provinces possessing, let alone exercising, unilateral authority to close interprovincial borders to persons residing in other provinces.
Gouvernance et démocratie fédérale en temps de crise : quelques leçons tirées de la pandémie de COVID-19 au Canada
Authors: Guénette Dave , Mathieu Félix 
Published: February 2024

RésuméCet article porte sur les effets et les contraintes posés par la pandémie de COVID-19 sur les mécanismes de la gouvernance dans le système fédéral canadien. Pour ce faire, nous empruntons un cadre analytique bien spécifique, que nous faisons découler expressément des réflexions de la Cour suprême du Canada dans sonRenvoi relatif à la sécession du Québec.Nous nous intéressons ainsi aux quatre principes sous-jacents à la Constitution canadienne identifiés par la Cour – soit le fédéralisme, la démocratie, le constitutionnalisme et la primauté du droit, de même que la protection des minorités – et à leur respect (ou non-respect) en temps de crise. Nous posons la question suivante : dans quelle mesure l’esprit de ces quatre principes constitutionnels fondamentaux a-t-il été respecté par les acteurs clés du système de gouvernance au Canada alors qu’ils étaient confrontés à la pandémie de COVID-19?
Feminist foreign policy in Israel and Germany? The Women, Peace, and Security agenda, development policy, and female representation
Authors: Aran Amnon , Brummer Klaus 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the relationship between feminist foreign policy (FFP) and a country’s national role conception (NRC). Specifically, it asks whether countries with ‘masculine’ NRCs are opposed to the pursuit of FFP while countries with a more ‘feminine’ national role conception are advocates of FFP. To this end, the paper conducts a comparative analysis of ‘masculine’ Israel and ‘feminine’ Germany along three domains: normative (with a focus on the Women, Peace, and Security [WPS] agenda), material (in relation to development policy), and institutional (with reference to female representation). Generally speaking, Germany has indeed undertaken broader and more substantive activities in pursuit of FFP goals than Israel. At the same time, Israel has clearly been more active than its ‘masculine’ role would suggest, and Germany less active and vocal than its ‘civilian power’ role would imply. Overall, the discussion suggests that whether countries pursue FFP goals is strongly influenced by the latter’s compatibility with the countries’ overarching NRCs, with party ideology, institutional autonomy, and intersection between gender policy and state interests playing a greater role regarding the specific levels of commitment and intensity shown in the pursuit of those goals.
Reynolds-number scaling of wall-pressure–velocity correlations in wall-bounded turbulence
Authors: Baars Woutijn J. , Dacome Giulio , Lee Myoungkyu 
Published: February 2024

Wall-pressure fluctuations are a practically robust input for real-time control systems aimed at modifying wall-bounded turbulence. The scaling behaviour of the wall-pressure–velocity coupling requires investigation to properly design a controller with such input data so that it can actuate upon the desired turbulent structures. A comprehensive database from direct numerical simulations (DNS) of turbulent channel flow is used for this purpose, spanning a Reynolds-number range$Re_\tau \approx 550\unicode{x2013}5200$. Spectral analysis reveals that the streamwise velocity is most strongly coupled to the linear term of the wall pressure, at a Reynolds-number invariant distance-from-the-wall scaling of$\lambda _x/y \approx 14$(and$\lambda _x/y \approx 8$for the wall-normal velocity). When extending the analysis to both homogeneous directions in$x$and$y$, the peak coherence is centred at$\lambda _x/\lambda _z \approx 2$and$\lambda _x/\lambda _z \approx 1$for$p_w$and$u$, and$p_w$and$v$, respectively. A stronger coherence is retrieved when the quadratic term of the wall pressure is concerned, but there is only little evidence for a wall-attached-eddy type of scaling. An experimental dataset comprising simultaneous measurements of wall pressure and velocity complements the DNS-based findings at one value of$Re_\tau \approx 2$k, with ample evidence that the DNS-inferred correlations can be replicated with experimental pressure data subject to significant levels of (acoustic) facility noise. It is furthermore shown that velocity-state estimations can be achieved with good accuracy by including both the linear and quadratic terms of the wall pressure. An accuracy of up to 72 % in the binary state of the streamwise velocity fluctuations in the logarithmic region is achieved; this corresponds to a correlation coefficient of$\approx$0.6. This thus demonstrates that wall-pressure sensing for velocity-state estimation – e.g. for use in real-time control of wall-bounded turbulence – has merit in terms of its realization at a range of Reynolds numbers.
Sovereign Collateral
Authors: Flandreau Marc , Pietrosanti Stefano , Schuster Carlotta E. 
Published: February 2024

Due to a dearth of data, nineteenth century lending to sovereign borrowers was a blind date. We argue this is the reason for collateral pledges found in contemporary lending covenants, which enabled not execution, but the production of reliable fiscal data. Lawyers injected collateral clauses in sovereign debt covenants to permit credible disclosure of hard-to-access tax data. The study foregrounds the importance of big law firms as financial intermediaries and information producers. It also contributes a new view on the role played by contracts in sovereign debt.
“No [underwriting] firm can take precautions against the repudiation of a [sovereign] hypothecation.”—Thomas Baring, 1865
Basin‐Wide Shift in Bowhead Whale Migration in the Pacific Arctic
Authors: Szesciorka Angela R. , Stafford Kathleen M. , Berchok Catherine L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn a rapidly changing Arctic, multiple lines of evidence suggest that bowhead whale migration is changing. To explore these changes further, we used passive acoustic data to examine bowhead whale presence in the western Beaufort Sea (12 years) and Chukchi Plateau (11 years) spanning 2008 to 2022. Departure from the western Beaufort Sea shifted 45 days later over the 12‐year period. Summer presence increased at both sites, suggesting feeding areas within the Chukchi Sea are becoming more favorable. Likewise, findings from the Bering Strait suggest that some whales are remaining north of the Bering Strait for the winter instead of in the Bering Sea. These Pacific Arctic‐wide changes to migration have occurred over only one decade. Questions remain about prey availability in the Chukchi Sea, implications of migratory changes, such as a northward shift in the core overwintering area, and impact to communities south of the Bering Strait.
The Current Tension Electric Field in the Generalized Ohm's Law
Authors: Luo Lei , Xu Xiaojun , Song Liangjin , Zhou Meng , Zhou Zilu , Man Hengyan , Wang Xing , Zhang Yu , He Peishan , Yi Siqi , Li Hui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the prevailing form of the generalized Ohm's law (GOL), is often neglected. Because of the resemblance to the magnetic tension, we refer to this term as the current tension electric field (ECT). Our theoretical analysis reveals that ECT with a characteristic length of dominates the electron inertia terms in the electron diffusion region (EDR) and is comparable to the electron pressure term in low‐βe conditions. Using particle‐in‐cell simulations, we demonstrate that ECT can contribute significantly to the reconnection electric field and energy dissipation at the boundaries of the inner EDR and in the outer EDR. Positive and negative J ⋅ ECT can be used to identify inner and outer electron diffusion regions, respectively.
Interannual Variability of Winds in the Antarctic Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Over Rothera (67°S, 68°W) During 2005–2021 in Meteor Radar Observations and WACCM‐X
Authors: Noble Phoebe E. , Hindley Neil P. , Wright Corwin J. , Cullens Chihoko , England Scott , Pedatella Nicholas , Mitchell Nicholas J. , Moffat‐Griffin Tracy 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) plays a critical role in linking the middle and upper atmosphere. However, many General Circulation Models do not model the MLT and those that do remain poorly constrained. We use long‐term meteor radar observations (2005–2021) from Rothera (67°S, 68°W) on the Antarctic Peninsula to evaluate the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere‐ionosphere eXtension (WACCM‐X) and investigate interannual variability. We find some significant differences between WACCM‐X and observations. In particular, at upper heights, observations reveal eastwards wintertime (April–September) winds, whereas the model predicts westwards winds. In summer (October–March), the observed winds are northwards but predictions are southwards. Both the model and observations reveal significant interannual variability. We characterize the trend and the correlation between the winds and key phenomena: (a) the 11‐year solar cycle, (b) El Niño Southern Oscillation, (c) Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation and (d) Southern Annular Mode using a linear regression method. Observations of the zonal wind show significant changes with time. The summertime westwards wind near 80 km is weakening by up to 4–5 ms−1 per decade, whilst the eastward wintertime winds around 85–95 km are strengthening at by around 7 ms−1 per decade. We find that at some times of year there are significant correlations between the phenomena and the observed/modeled winds. The significance of this work lies in quantifying the biases in a leading General Circulation Model and demonstrating notable interannual variability in both modeled and observed winds.
Retaining Short‐Term Variability Reduces Mean State Biases in Wind Stress Overriding Simulations
Authors: Luongo Matthew T. , Brizuela Noel G. , Eisenman Ian , Xie Shang‐Ping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPositive feedbacks in climate processes can make it difficult to identify the primary drivers of climate phenomena. Some recent global climate model (GCM) studies address this issue by controlling the wind stress felt by the surface ocean such that the atmosphere and ocean become mechanically decoupled. Most mechanical decoupling studies have chosen to override wind stress with an annual climatology. In this study we introduce an alternative method of interannually varying overriding which maintains higher frequency momentum forcing of the surface ocean. Using a GCM (NCAR CESM1), we then assess the size of the biases associated with these two methods of overriding by comparing with a freely evolving control integration. We find that overriding with a climatology creates sea surface temperature (SST) biases throughout the global oceans on the order of ±1°C. This is substantially larger than the biases introduced by interannually varying overriding, especially in the tropical Pacific. We attribute the climatological overriding SST biases to a lack of synoptic and subseasonal variability, which causes the mixed layer to be too shallow throughout the global surface ocean. This shoaling of the mixed layer reduces the effective heat capacity of the surface ocean such that SST biases excite atmospheric feedbacks. These results have implications for the reinterpretation of past climatological wind stress overriding studies: past climate signals attributed to momentum coupling may in fact be spurious responses to SST biases.