bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vesicles in Salt: Formation of Bilayer Membranes from Dialkyldimethylammonium Bromides in Ether-containing Ionic Liquids
Authors: Nakashima Takuya , Kimizuka Nobuo 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
Dialkyldimethylammonium amphiphiles form stable bilayer membranes in the ether-containing ionic liquids. Dark field optical microscopy indicates the formation of vesicles above the phase transition temperature.
Cage-Type Hexacopper(II) Complex Formed by Chloride Template
Authors: Kamiyama Asako , Kajiwara Takashi , Ito Tasuku 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
A novel cage complex [Cu6Cl(MeO)2(pz)9] (1) was synthesized via a chloride ion template reaction and structurally characterized. In 1, two trinuclear units, {Cu3(MeO)(pz)3}2+, are linked by three pyrazolate ligands, six copper(II) ions form a trigonal prism, and a chloride ion is located at the center of the cage. 1 shows rather strong antiferromagnetic coupling between the copper(II) ions through the MeO− and pyrazolate ligands.
Niemann–Pick type C disease: Accelerated neurofibrillary tangle formation and amyloid β deposition associated with apolipoprotein E ε4 homozygosity
Authors: Saito Yuko , Suzuki Kinuko , Nanba Eiji , Yamamoto Toshiyuki , Ohno Kousaku , Murayama Shigeo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNiemann–Pick type C disease is a neurovisceral storage disorder. Neurofibrillary tangles similar to those in Alzheimer's disease have been reported in most juvenile/adult patients without amyloid β protein (Aβ) deposits. Recently, we found deposits of Aβ in the form of diffuse plaques in three (31‐ and 32‐year‐old sisters and a 37‐year‐old man) of nine Niemann–Pick type C disease patients, who presented with most severe tauopathy and with numerous neurofibrillary tangles. Aβ deposits were not detected in any of the control brains of patients younger than age 42 years. These three patients with Aβ deposit all were homozygotes of apolipoprotein E ε4. Our study suggested that NPC1 gene mutations combined with homozygosity of apolipoprotein E ε4 alleles could manifest neuropathology similar to that of Alzheimer's disease. Investigation of these patients may provide an important clue for understanding the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Status epilepticus in a population‐based cohort with childhood‐onset epilepsy in Finland
Authors: Sillanpää Matti , Shinnar Shlomo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLittle is known about the time course over which status epilepticus occurs in childhood‐onset epilepsy and its impact on long‐term prognosis. A population‐based cohort of 150 children younger than age 16 years with new onset epilepsy between 1961 and 1964 residing in the catchment area of Turku University Hospital was observed prospectively until 1997. The occurrence of status epilepticus and recurrent status epilepticus, risk factors for status epilepticus, and the impact of status epilepticus on prognosis were examined. Of the 150 cases, 41 patients (27%) experienced an episode of status epilepticus of whom 22 patients (56%) had two or more episodes. The risk of status epilepticus was highest at the onset of the disorder with 30 (73%) cases occurring before (n = 12) or at (n = 18) onset and 37 (90%) cases within 2 years of onset. On multivariable analysis, risk factors for status epilepticus included remote symptomatic cause, age of onset 6 years or younger, and partial seizures. Specific epilepsy syndromes also were associated with a differential risk of status epilepticus. The occurrence of status epilepticus did not alter the mortality rates and had only a modest impact on the probability of attaining remission. In subjects with no other neurological handicap, social and educational outcomes were similar in those with status epilepticus and those with no history of status epilepticus. We conclude that status epilepticus is a common occurrence in childhood‐onset epilepsy. When it does occur, it occurs early in the course of the disorder. The occurrence of status epilepticus does not appear to have significant adverse impact on long‐term prognosis of childhood‐onset epilepsy.
Increased urine phenylethylamine after methylphenidate treatment in children with ADHD
Authors: Kusaga Akira , Yamashita Yushiro , Koeda Tastuya , Hiratani Michio , Kaneko Mika , Yamada Shigeto , Matsuishi Toyojiro 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe urine levels of β‐phenylethylamine, 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenyl glycol, homovanillic acid, and 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid were measured to clarify the neurochemical mechanism in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. β‐Phenylethylamine levels were significantly lower in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder individuals (n = 37) than in controls (n = 21). The 22 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were treated with methylphenidate, and they were further divided into methylphenidate responders (n = 18) and nonresponders (n = 4). β‐Phenylethylamine levels significantly increased after methylphenidate therapy in responders, whereas they did not increase in nonresponders.
Clasmatodendrosis correlating with periventricular hyperintensity in mixed dementia
Authors: Sahlas Demetrios J. , Bilbao Juan M. , Swartz Richard H. , Black Sandra E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report a 79‐year‐old woman with possible Alzheimer's disease and confluent periventricular white matter hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging in whom postmortem analysis unexpectedly demonstrated no periventricular demyelination or cerebral arteriosclerosis. However, astrocytes in the periventricular white matter exhibited clasmatodendrosis, defined as cytoplasmic swelling and vacuolation of astroglia, with beading of their dendrites. This finding represents a previously unrecognized correlate of periventricular white matter hyperintensities. Ann Neurol 2002;52:378–381
Fibrillar morphology of elastomer‐modified polypropylene: Effect of interface adhesion and processing conditions
Authors: Zhang Ling , Huang Rui , Wang Gang , Li Liangbin , Ni Haiying , Zhang Xinyuan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effect of interface interaction and processing conditions combined with the viscosity ratio of elastomer domains to the polypropylene (PP) matrix (ηd/ηm, subscript d and m designate the dispersed phase and the matrix, respectively) on fibril formation was investigated. A close to unity viscosity ratio, high interface interaction between the two phases, and a high shear rate in molding were found to result in fibril dispersion. A low‐viscosity elastomer tended to form fibrils also. A high extrusion shear rate seems to have no effect on fibrillar formation, but the dispersion size (Dn) decreased from 0.25 to 0.19 μm with an increasing screw speed from 120 to 160 rpm. The Izod impact strength of blends appears to be optimum when a fine and uniform and nonfibril morphology of the elastomer in PP is formed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2085–2092, 2002
Aquaporin‐1 expression in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane
Authors: Ribatti Domenico , Frigeri Antonio , Nico Beatrice , Nicchia Grazia Paola , De Giorgis Michela , Roncali Luisa , Svelto Maria 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is commonly used in vivo to study both angiogenesis and anti‐angiogenesis. Rapid membrane water transport is mediated by a family of molecular water channels, called aquaporins (AQPs), which have been identified in the epithelial and endothelial cells of higher vertebrates. AQP1, expressed in adsorptive and secretory epithelia, is also expressed in endothelial cells of capillaries and arteries. Its mRNA has been found in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of arteries and capillaries, as well as in a subset of VSMCs of human atherosclerotic plaques. This study investigated the developmental expression of AQP1 in the chick CAM by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Western blot results show that a major nonglycosylated band was observed with electrophoretic mobility of approximately 28 kDa in the three developmental stages examined. Immunohistochemistry data demonstrate that AQP1 was clearly expressed in the ectodermal and endodermal epithelia, the vascular endothelium, and the VSMCs. Because little information is available on the behavior of microvessel AQP1 during angiogenesis in normal and pathological conditions, our data relative to the pattern of expression of AQP1 in CAM blood vessels in normal conditions may be considered a useful tool to further investigate its modifications in several experimental conditions implying a stimulation or an inhibition of angiogenesis in the CAM assay. Anat Rec 268:85–89, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Craniosynostosis in Twist heterozygous mice: A model for Saethre‐Chotzen syndrome
Authors: Carver Ethan A. , Oram Kathleen F. , Gridley Thomas 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSaethre‐Chotzen syndrome is a common autosomal dominant form of craniosynostosis, the premature fusion of the sutures of the calvarial bones of the skull. Most Saethre‐Chotzen syndrome cases are caused by haploinsufficiency for the TWIST gene. Mice heterozygous for a null mutation of the Twist gene replicate certain features of Saethre‐Chotzen syndrome, but have not been reported to exhibit craniosynostosis. We demonstrate that Twist heterozygous mice exhibit fusions of the coronal suture and other cranial suture abnormalities, indicating that Twist heterozygous mice constitute a better animal model for Saethre‐Chotzen syndrome than was previously appreciated. Anat Rec 268:90–92, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brain expansion in the chick embryo initiated by experimentally produced occlusion of the spinal neurocoel
Authors: Desmond Mary E. , Levitan Michael L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe brain expands in the early chick embryo from pressure generated by accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a closed neural tube. The sealing of the neural tube occurs as the result of occlusion of the spinal neurocoel rostral to and before closure of the posterior neuropore. We have previously demonstrated the dependence of normal brain expansion upon intraluminal pressure. We had yet to demonstrate, however, that brain expansion actually depends upon natural occlusion of the spinal neurocoel. To demonstrate such dependence, we experimentally occluded the spinal neurocoels of embryos 5 hr younger than stage 11 embryos (in which occlusion of the neurocoel occurs naturally). The stage 10 chick embryos were cultured ex ovo and critically staged, and their spinal neurocoels were occluded using microcautery. All embryos were photographed immediately and at 5, 12, and 24 hr after cautery. Serial sections were made of selected embryos, in which the areas of both the brain and the head were measured. Wilcoxon‐Mann‐Whitney rank‐sum nonparametric tests, Hodges‐Lehmann estimators, bootstrapping techniques, and resampling randomization tests were used to determine whether the increases in the brain and head areas for the experimental embryos were significantly different from those of the control embryos during three distinct intervals of expansion: 0–5, 5–12, and 0–12 hr. From 0 to 5 hr, the brains of the precociously occluded embryos expanded significantly more than the brains of the non‐occluded controls. From 5 to 12 hr, the brains of the embryos with naturally occluded neurocoels grew significantly larger than the brains of the embryos with precociously occluded neurocoels. At 12 hr, there appeared to be no difference in brain size for these two groups. We conclude that the data support the hypothesis that brain expansion is directly dependent upon occlusion of the spinal neurocoel. Anat Rec 268:147–159, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The nymphal‐adult molt of the silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii): Timing, regulation, and progress
Authors: Gelman Dale B. , Blackburn Michael B. , Hu Jing S. , Gerling Dan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe developmental progress of silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii) 3rd instars and 4th instar/pharate adults was monitored using a tracking system that had been designed to identify synchronous individuals in another species of whitefly, the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum. When reared on greenbean under conditions of LD 16:8 and a temperature of 26 ± 2°C, the body depth of 3rd instar SLWFs increased from approximately 0.04 mm (Stage 2) to 0.175–0.2 mm (Stage 7–8) and the body depth of the 4th instar increased from approximately 0.1 mm (Stage 1) to 0.25–0.30 mm (Stage 4–5). The durations of the 3rd instar and the 4th instar/pharate adult were approximately 3 and 7 days, respectively. Examination of coronal sections of 4th instars revealed that adult eye and wing development are initiated during Stage 6, the stage in which an external examination showed that the eye has begun to undergo pigment diffusion. Ecdysteroid titers peaked at approximately 400 fg/µg protein during stages 4 through 6A of the 4th instar, i.e., just prior to and upon the initiation of the pharate adult stage. Although adult development is initiated later in the SLWF than in the GHWF (adult eye and wing development begin in Stages 4 and 5, respectively, in GHWFs), the same rapidity of metamorphosis is observed in both species. Within approximately 24 h, the simple bi‐layered wing bud developed into a deeply folded wing of nearly adult proportions and within an additional 12–24 h, the nymphal eye and wing bud had been replaced by the well‐differentiated eye and wing of the adult whitefly. Our study is the first to describe the regulation, timing, and progress of the nymphal‐adult molt and of the structural changes that accompany nymphal‐adult metamorphosis in the SLWF. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 51:67–79, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Knowledge management and the dynamic nature of knowledge
Authors: McInerney Claire 
Published: October 2002

AbstractKnowledge management (KM) or knowledge sharing in organizations is based on an understanding of knowledge creation and knowledge transfer. In implementation, KM is an effort to benefit from the knowledge that resides in an organization by using it to achieve the organization's mission. The transfer of tacit or implicit knowledge to explicit and accessible formats, the goal of many KM projects, is challenging, controversial, and endowed with ongoing management issues. This article argues that effective knowledge management in many disciplinary contexts must be based on understanding the dynamic nature of knowledge itself. The article critiques some current thinking in the KM literature and concludes with a view towards knowledge management programs built around knowledge as a dynamic process.
Design of experiments with unknown parameters in variance
Authors: Fedorov Valerii V. , Gagnon Robert C. , Leonov Sergei L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractModel fitting when the variance function depends on unknown parameters is a popular problem in many areas of research. Iterated estimators which are asymptotically equivalent to maximum likelihood estimators are proposed and their convergence is discussed. From a computational point of view, these estimators are very close to the iteratively reweighted least‐squares methods. The additive structure of the corresponding information matrices allows us to apply convex design theory which leads to optimal design algorithms. We conclude with examples which illustrate how to bridge our general results with specific applied needs. In particular, a model with experimental costs is introduced and is studied within the normalized design paradigm. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The synthesis and study of side‐chain lactam‐bridged peptides
Authors: Taylor John W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSide‐chain lactam bridges linking amino acid residues that are spaced several residues apart in the linear sequence offer a convenient and flexible method for introducing conformational constraints into a peptide structure. The availability of a variety of selectively cleavable protecting groups for amines and carboxylic acids allows for several approaches to the synthesis of monocyclic, dicyclic, and bicyclic lactam‐bridged peptides by solid‐phase methods. Multicyclic structures are also accessible, but segment‐condensation syntheses with solution‐phase cyclizations are most likely to provide the best synthetic approach to these more complex constrained peptides. Lactam bridges linking (i, i + 3)‐, (i, i + 4), and (i, i + 7)‐spaced residue pairs have all proven useful for stabilization of α helices, and (i, i + 3)‐linked residues have also been demonstrated to stabilize β‐turns. These structures are finding an increasing number of applications in protein biology, including studies of protein folding, protein aggregation, peptide ligand–receptor recognition, and the development of more potent peptide therapeutics. Defining the functional roles of the amphiphilic α‐helices in medium‐sized peptide hormones, and studying helix propagation from rigid, α‐helix initiating bicyclic peptides are among the most exciting developments currently underway in this field. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 66: 49–75, 2002
Effect of cationic charge localization on DNA structure
Authors: Gold Barry 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDNA is normally considered to be a stiff rod‐like molecule, but proteins and small molecules, which either equilibrium bind to, or covalent bond with, DNA, can overcome the barrier(s) to non‐linearity by changing the local hydrophobic and electrostatic environment at specific DNA sequences. The deformation of DNA by proteins has been shown to be a critical event in transcriptional regulation. In this review, we have focused on how the introduction of cationic charge, and its location, can affect DNA structure. To study the effect of charge, we have used DNA modified with 3‐aminopropyl substitutions at the 5‐position of deoxyuracil that mimic basic lysine‐like sidechains, and which place the cationic charge in the major groove. Previous gel mobility studies with these sidechains have shown that they bend DNA. The location of the cationic sidechains and how they bend DNA is discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Nucleic Acid Sci) 65: 173–179, 2002
Characteristics of environmental reporters on the OM Stockholm exchange
Authors: Cerin Pontus 
Published: October 2002

AbstractExternal validation of company environmental performance is normally based on corporate environmental reports, due to the lack of other information. Critics of these reports, however, claim that these are no more than public relations exercises, consisting mainly of wordy descriptions and glossy pictures. It is therefore important to turn the spotlight on the real character of the companies behind the reports. Fewer than 10% of the companies listed on the OM Stockholm Exchange, however, provide documented environmental reports on the Internet (DERI) annually. The highest DERI percentages are found among those industry sectors that began reporting some ten years ago. Data from the Dow Jones Country Index Sweden shows that DERI producers have an average market capitalization some six times greater than non‐producers. Moreover, the DERI producers emitted twice as much CO2 per turnover as the non‐DERI producers. The fact that less than half of the companies on the OM Stockholm Exchange presented CO2 emission data somewhat weakens the conclusions on emissions. The fact that 60% of the DERI producers could not provide complete CO2 emission data for their companies does say something concrete about the usefulness of current DERIs as a tool for externally determining company environmental performance characteristics. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The expression pattern of Ku correlates with tumor radiosensitivity and disease free survival in patients with rectal carcinoma
Authors: Komuro Yasuhiro , Watanabe Toshiaki , Hosoi Yoshio , Matsumoto Yoshihisa , Nakagawa Keiichi , Tsuno Nelson , Kazama Shinsuke , Kitayama Joji , Suzuki Norio , Nagawa Hirokazu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDPreoperative radiotherapy reduces the rate of local recurrence and improves the chance of survival in patients with resectable, advanced rectal carcinoma. However, because not all tumors respond similarly to radiation, sorting out suitable patients is required to irradiate tumors rationally. The authors examined the possible role of Ku protein in determining tumor radiosensitivity and disease free survival in patients with rectal carcinoma.METHODSThe authors studied 96 patients with advanced rectal carcinoma. In preradiation biopsy specimens of tumor samples, the number of cells that were stained positive for Ku protein was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The expression pattern of Ku protein was examined for an association between tumor radiosensitivity (which was determined according to T classification downstaging, complete pathologic response, or Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) and disease free survival.RESULTSThere was a high degree of correlation between the percentage of cells that expressed the 70‐kDa Ku protein (Ku70) and the 86‐kDa Ku protein (Ku86) in the tumor sections (correlation coefficient = 0.85; P < 0.001). The expression pattern of Ku protein was correlated not only with tumor radiosensitivity but also with disease free survival. Pathologic TMN classification, histopathologic grade, and Ku70 expression were significant prognostic variables for disease free survival in a multivariate analysis (P = 0.0031, P = 0.030, and P = 0.023, respectively).CONCLUSIONSKu70 and Ku86 raise the predictive possibility of tumor radiosensitivity. Ku may be a useful parameter for selecting patients with rectal carcinoma for preoperative radiotherapy. Cancer 2002;95:1199–205. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10807