bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Inhibitors in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Crouch Michael A , Nappi Jean M , Cheang Kai I 
Published: May 2003

OBJECTIVE: To review the contemporary role of the glycoprotein (GYP) IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors abciximab, eptifibatide, and tirofiban in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and those with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and to provide an algorithm based on currently available evidence for specific agents. DATA SOURCES: Primary articles were identified by a MEDLINE search (1966–January 2003); references cited in these articles provided additional resources. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All of the articles identified from data sources were considered for relevant information; this article primarily addresses large, controlled or comparative studies, and meta-analyses. DATA SYNTHESIS: The role of GYP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients undergoing PCI and those with ACS has progressed markedly. To date, abciximab has the most robust data in patients undergoing PCI, particularly high-risk individuals. In PCI patients with lower risk (e.g., elective stenting), eptifibatide is a reasonable first-line option. Data do not support tirofiban for routine use in patients undergoing PCI. For individuals with signs and symptoms of ACS, specifically unstable angina or non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI), eptifibatide or tirofiban is recommended in high-risk patients when a conservative approach is used (PCI is not planned). Abciximab is not recommended in this situation. In patients with ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI), abciximab is the only GYP IIb/IIIa inhibitor evaluated in large, well-designed investigations. For medical management in combination with a fibrinolytic agent, the role of abciximab remains unclear. For patients undergoing primary PCI for the management of STEMI, the available evidence supports the use of abciximab, albeit further investigation is warranted. CONCLUSIONS: The role of GYP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in clinical cardiology continues to evolve. Choice of the agent depends on situation of use, patient-specific characteristics and risk stratification, and, in the case of ACS, chosen management strategy (medical management or intervention).
Enoxaparin-Induced Retroperitoneal Hematoma
Authors: Melde Stephen L 
Published: May 2003

OBJECTIVE: To report 2 cases of retroperitoneal hematoma in elderly patients receiving enoxaparin. CASE SUMMARIES: Two white men, aged 70 and 71 years, received enoxaparin 80 mg subcutaneously twice a day for 8 and 4 days, respectively. Baseline hemoglobin and hematocrit values were 9.5 g/dL and 28.9% and 11.2 g/dL and 32.8%, respectively. In both cases, after the hemoglobin and hematocrit values decreased to 6.6 g/dL and 20.4% and 5.1 g/dL and 15.2%, respectively, a computed tomography scan revealed a retroperitoneal hematoma. DISCUSSION: Enoxaparin is a frequently used anticoagulant. Major bleeding episodes are reported to occur at a rate of up to 5.2%. Factors that increase the risk of bleeding in patients receiving enoxaparin are the use of high doses of enoxaparin, advanced age, renal impairment, and the concomitant use of drugs affecting hemostasis. Both of these patients received relatively high doses of 0.80 and 0.94 mg/kg subcutaneously twice a day, were elderly, and had mild renal impairment; 1 received aspirin concomitantly, while the other received aspirin 4 days prior and warfarin 1 day prior to bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: There are very few published reports implicating enoxaparin as a factor in retroperitoneal hematoma. It is hoped that the addition of these 2 cases to the medical literature creates more awareness that retroperitoneal hematoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients receiving enoxaparin and experiencing unexplained decreases in hemoglobin and hematocrit.
Lateral facial soft‐tissue prediction model: Analysis using Fourier shape descriptors and traditional cephalometric methods
Authors: Rose Adam D. , Woods Michael G. , Clement John G. , Thomas C. David L. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the relationship between traditional skeletal cephalometric measurement and Fourier analysis of the lateral soft‐tissue profile. A random sample of 121 untreated subjects of European descent, with wide ranges of malocclusions and underlying facial patterns, was selected in the Orthodontic Unit at the University of Melbourne. Lateral cephalograms were available for all subjects. Both traditional lateral cephalometric analysis and Fourier soft‐tissue profile analysis were carried out. Multivariate statistical analysis among 11 hard‐tissue cephalometric measurements and the first 50 Fourier harmonics was then performed. This analysis formed the basis for a subsequently proposed soft‐tissue prediction model. From this model, 50 predicted x‐ and y‐harmonics were generated for each subject in the total sample. Calculation of Pearson's correlation coefficients between the actual and predicted harmonics revealed strong relationships for many of the lower‐order harmonics. To further test the model, the prediction‐coefficients derived from all 121 subjects were then used to make predictions for the first 50 x‐ and y‐harmonics for a subgroup of 10 independent test subjects. Once again, Pearson's correlations between the actual and predicted harmonics of the test model in the lower‐order harmonics revealed strong associations. Superimposition of the actual and predicted soft‐tissue outlines, however, revealed that much actual detail in the region between the nose and the chin was still lost using the predicted Fourier harmonics. This suggests that soft‐tissue prediction based on this Fourier test model, while already useful in Forensic facial reconstruction, may not yet be appropriate for useful diagnosis and planning in clinical disciplines. Am J Phys Anthropol 121:000–000, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hopi Indians, “cultural” selection, and albinism
Authors: Hedrick Philip W. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe incidence of albinism in Hopi Indians has been estimated as approximately 1 in 200 individuals. It has been suggested that “cultural” selection as the result of a mating advantage of males with albinism has been important in the maintenance of this high incidence. To examine this hypothesis quantitatively, a model that includes male‐mating advantage, mutation, and viability selection is analyzed. In order to play an important role in the maintenance of the high incidence of albinism, the necessary mating advantage of males with albinism appears unrealistically high. However, if the extent of viability selection against individuals with albinism is not as large as previously assumed, the necessary amount of mating advantage is not as high. Other related aspects are also discussed here, such as the type of albinism in Hopi Indians and its impact, the conditions for a polymorphism with male‐mating advantage and viability selection, and the time necessary to change the incidence of albinism either by the relaxation or institution of male‐mating advantage. Am J Phys Anthropol 121:000–000, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic structure of Mediterranean populations revealed by Y‐chromosome haplotype analysis
Authors: Quintana‐Murci Lluís , Veitia Reiner , Fellous Marc , Semino Ornella , Poloni Estella S. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe allelic variability at six Y‐chromosome‐specific polymorphisms (YAP, DYS19, DYS389‐I, DYS390, DYS391, and DYS392) was used to generate male‐specific haplotypes in 333 males representing 12 population samples from the region around the Mediterranean sea. Extreme interindividual variation was observed, as more than 160 distinct Y‐chromosome variants could be defined as six‐locus haplotypes. Concomitant with this high variability, low levels of population genetic structure were observed. In particular, a “core” of populations directly facing the north and the east of the Mediterranean basin, from the Middle East to the Italian Peninsula, was found to be genetically undifferentiated. This observation, supported by a reanalysis of Y‐specific binary polymorphisms in the same populations, suggests that at least part of the male‐specific gene pools of these populations has either a very recent common origin (that could be related with the Neolithic demic diffusion hypothesis), and/or that gene flow has played a significant role in shaping the patterns of genetic variability in this region. In agreement with both hypotheses, we found that the spatial distribution of DYS392 alleles revealed a marked differentiation between the East and the West of the Mediterranean area. Through the analysis of microsatellite variation, the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of the YAP+ sublineage 4 has been estimated. The estimations, based on two different data sets, turn out to be quite recent (7,000–11,000 YBP), suggesting that this lineage may have been first introduced into Southern Europe through Neolithic migrations from the Middle East. Am J Phys Anthropol 121:000–000, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pre‐Columbian treponemal disease from 14th century AD Safed, Israel, and implications for the medieval eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Mitchell Piers D. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractIn 1912, 68 medieval crania were excavated from a cave at Safed in the eastern Mediterranean and brought to the United Kingdom. It is only recently that these skulls have been studied for evidence of disease. One adult individual demonstrates multiple lesions of the cranial vault, compatible with treponematosis. Radiocarbon dating suggests the year of death to be between 1290–1420 AD. This range equates to the mamluk period, just after the crusades. This is the oldest dated case of treponematosis in the Middle East, and the first to confirm its presence there before the epidemiologically important transatlantic voyage of Christopher Columbus. The finding has significant implications for our understanding of the introduction of the disease to the Middle East and of the medieval diagnosis of ulcerating skin conditions by medical practitioners in the Mediterranean world. Am J Phys Anthropol 121:000–000, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Food procurement and tooth use in two sympatric lemur species
Authors: Yamashita Nayuta 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis study of two lemur species (Lemur catta and Propithecus v. verreauxi) in Madagascar combines observations of food procurement and initial food placement in the mouth with comparisons to food toughness and external properties. Food toughness was hypothesized to play a decisive role in determining food placement during ingestion. It was found that tougher foods are generally ingested on the postcanines for all foods eaten. However, when leaves and fruits are analyzed separately, food size and shape, represented here by mass and food type, are more reliable predictors of initial food placement. Larger leaves and bulkier fruits and stalks are ingested posteriorly. Leaf toughness is not related to leaf size, though the toughness and size of the most commonly eaten fruits are correlated. Furthermore, ingestive food toughness, which is the maximum toughness, and “average” food toughness may make different mechanical demands on the masticatory apparatus that have consequences for jaw morphology. Am J Phys Anthropol 121:000–000, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief communication: Ancient DNA prospects from Sri Lankan highland dry caves support an emerging global pattern
Authors: Reed Floyd A. , Kontanis Elias J. , Kennedy Kenneth A.R. , Aquadro Charles F. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractRecovery of ancient DNA has become an increasingly important tool in elucidating the origins of past populations and their relationships. Unfortunately, many human skeletal remains do not contain original DNA amplifiable by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amino‐acid racemization has proven to be a useful predictor of ancient DNA results. We analyzed the relative levels of amino‐acid preservation and racemization of human samples from two highland dry‐cave sites in Sri Lanka, and found that amino‐acid enantiomer ratios were inconsistent with successful authentic DNA recovery. A review of the literature reveals that these results are consistent with a global pattern of poor DNA preservation in the tropics. Am J Phys Anthropol 121:000–000, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Longitudinal study of tuberculosis outcomes among immunologically naive Aché natives of Paraguay
Authors: Hurtado A. Magdalena , Hill Kim R. , Rosenblatt Wilhelm , Bender Jacquelyn , Scharmen Tom 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis study documents the course of a tuberculosis epidemic in an immunologically naive group of South American Indians within fewer than 20 years after first sustained contact with outsiders. Groups of Northern Aché (ah‐CHAY) of eastern Paraguay were contacted and settled on reservations between 1971–1979. Not surprisingly, the Aché are very susceptible to tuberculosis, and the epidemiological characteristics of the disease are quite different from those of populations that have had tuberculosis for centuries. Within 6 years of the first detected case of tuberculosis among the Aché, the prevalence rate of active tuberculosis cases reached 18.2%, and of infected cases among adults, 64.6%, some of the highest rates ever reported for any human group. Remarkably, males and females are equally likely to have been diagnosed with active tuberculosis, Aché children between birth and 5 years of age are least vulnerable to tuberculosis, high nutritional and socioeconomic status do not decrease the risk of disease or infection, and children immunized with BCG are less responsive to tuberculin challenge than are other children. Moreover, similar to the Yanomamö, but unlike populations of European or African descent, a high percentage of Aché with active disease test negative on tuberculin challenge tests (purified protein derivative; PPD). These differences may be due to a high prevalence of diminished cell‐mediated immunity, and T‐helper 2 dominance. We also hypothesize that these immunological characteristics, low genetic diversity, hostile intergroup interactions, and behavioral noncompliance to treatment protocols together contribute to the high rates of active disease observed. Existing tuberculosis control programs are poorly equipped to handle the impact of these causal complexities on the course of recent tuberculosis epidemics that have quickly spread throughout native communities of Latin America during the last decade. Am J Phys Anthropol 121:000–000, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitochondrial DNA from pre‐Columbian Ciboneys from Cuba and the prehistoric colonization of the Caribbean
Authors: Lalueza‐Fox C. , Gilbert M.T.P. , Martínez‐Fuentes A.J. , Calafell F. , Bertranpetit J. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractTo assess the genetic affinities of extinct Ciboneys (also called Guanajuatabeys) from Cuba, 47 pre‐Columbian skeletal samples belonging to this group were analyzed using ancient DNA techniques. At the time of European contact, the center and east of Cuba were occupied by agriculturalist Taino groups, while the west was mainly inhabited by Ciboneys, hunter‐gatherers who have traditionally been considered a relic population descending from the initial colonization of the Caribbean. The mtDNA hypervariable region I (HVR‐I) and haplogroup‐specific markers were amplified and sequenced in 15 specimens using overlapping fragments; amplification from second extractions from the same sample, independent replication in different laboratories, and cloning of some PCR products support the authenticity of the sequences. Three of the five major mtDNA Amerindian lineages (A, C, and D) are present in the sample analyzed, in frequencies of 0.07, 0.60, and 0.33, respectively. Different phylogenetic analyses seem to suggest that the Caribbean most likely was populated from South America, although the data are still inconclusive, and Central American influences cannot be discarded. Our hypothesis is that the colonization of the Caribbean mainly took place in successive migration movements that emanated from the same area in South America, around the Lower Orinoco Valley: the first wave consisted of hunter‐gatherer groups (ancestors of the Ciboneys), a subsequent wave of agriculturalists (ancestors of the Tainos), and a latter one of nomadic Carib warriors. However, further genetic studies are needed to confirm this scenario. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Boiling water aging of polycarbonate and polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene resin and polycarbonate/low‐density polyester blends
Authors: Li Chaoqin , Zhang Yong , Zhang Yinxi 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe effects of boiling water on the mechanical and thermal properties and morphologies of polycarbonate (PC), PC/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene resin (PC/ABS), and PC/low‐density polyester (PC/LDPE) blends (compositions of PC/ABS and PC/LDPE blends were 80/20) were studied. PC and the PC/ABS blend had a transition from ductile to brittle materials after boiling water aging. The PC/LDPE blend was more resistant to boiling water aging than PC and the PC/ABS blend. The thermal properties of glass‐transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) in PC and the blends were measured by DSC. The Tg of PC and PC in the PC/ABS and PC/LDPE blends decreased after aging. The Tg of the ABS component in the PC/ABS blend did not change after aging. The supersaturated water in PC clustered around impurities or air bubbles leading to the formation of microcracks, which was the primary reason for the ductile–brittle transition in PC, and the microcracks could not recover after PC was treated at 160°C for 6 h. The PC/ABS blend showed slightly higher resistance to boiling water than did PC. The highest resistance to boiling water of the PC/LDPE blend may be attributed to its special structural morphology. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 589–595, 2003
Preparation of metal‐containing protein fibers and their antimicrobial properties
Authors: Tsukada M. , Arai T. , Colonna G. M. , Boschi A. , Freddi G. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBombyx mori silk, Antheraea pernyi silk, and wool fibers were chemically modified by treatment with tannic acid (TA) or by acylation with ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA) dianhydride. Kinetics of TA loading or acylation with EDTA‐dianhydride varied from fiber to fiber. B. mori silk and wool displayed the highest weight gains with TA and EDTA‐dianhydride, respectively. The uptake of different metal ions (Ag+, Cu2+, Co2+) by protein fibers, either untreated or chemically modified, was studied as a function of weight gain and pH of the aqueous metal solution. Below pH 7, absorption of metal ions by untreated and TA‐treated fibers was negligible. Acylation with EDTA‐dianhydride enabled protein fibers to absorb and bind significant amounts of metal ions in the acidic and neutral pH range. The levels of metal desorption at acidic pH depended on the fiber‐metal combination. Untreated protein fibers usually displayed the lowest stability of the metal complex. Metal complexes with protein fibers exhibited prominent antimicrobial activity against the plant pathogen Cornebacterium. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 638–644, 2003
Using an electronic microbalance technique to study the stick–slip behavior of lubricated polypropylene fibers
Authors: Behary N. , Campagne C. , Caze C. , Perwuelz A. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBy use of an electronic microbalance, fiber/fiber friction measurements were made on cleaned and lubricated polypropylene (PP) filaments. The filaments were coated with a 0.14‐μm‐thick layer of one of the five lubricants: two different hydroxylated oils (hydroxylated oleate and hydroxylated stearate) and three different ethoxylated surfactants [(i) ethoxylated 10 OE dioleate; (ii) ethoxylated 15 OE dioleate; and (iii) ethoxylated 20 OE trioleate]. Despite the thick layer of lubricant applied, stick–slip persisted. Theoretical considerations of experimental conditions (load, speed, and viscosity) show that the pressure is very high at the contact point, and this would induce film thinning and thus stick–slips arising from phase transitions. Statistical evaluations and atomic force microscopy images show that contacts between PP surfaces take place in presence of lubricants because surface asperity heights are larger than the lubricant film thickness. Oils or surfactants having similar surface tensions give different interfiber cohesion. Some explanations correlating the lubricant chemical structure and its spatial conformation, as well as its capacity to form intermolecular bonds and associative organization, to interfiber friction are given. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 645–654, 2003
Synthesis of a well‐defined chitosan graft poly(methoxy polyethyleneglycol methacrylate) by atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: El Tahlawy K. , Hudson S. M. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractGraft copolymerization of vinyl monomers onto chitosan and other natural polymers using atom transfer radical polymerization has only recently attracted interest. This technique could potentially provide new ways to utilize this abundant natural polymer. It would enable a wide variety of molecular designs to afford novel types of tailored hybrid materials composed of natural polysaccharides and synthetic polymers. In this work, a chitosan macroinitiator was prepared by the reaction of chitosan with 2‐bromo‐isobutyryl bromide, after the chitosan amino group had been protected as the imine. The aqueous grafting of methoxy capped (PEG 350) methacrylate onto chitosan is described. The kinetic study revealed a first order polymerization reaction. Polydispersities of about 1.25 were obtained. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 901–912, 2003
Oxygen barrier properties of PET copolymers containing bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)hydroquinones
Authors: Andrade Genara S. , Collard David M. , Schiraldi David A. , Hu Yushan , Baer Eric , Hiltner Anne 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA series of poly[ethylene‐co‐bis(2‐ethoxy)hydroquinone terephthalate], PET‐co‐BEHQ copolymers were prepared by polymerization of various substituted bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)hydroquinones (BEHQs), dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), and ethylene glycol (EG). In addition to copolymers containing 6–16.5 mol % BEHQ, the homopolymer of BEHQ with dimethyl terephthalate, p(BEHQ‐T), was also prepared. The thermal and barrier properties of amorphous materials were studied. As the amount of comonomer was increased, the Tg and Tm of the materials decreased relative to those of PET. Oxygen permeability also decreased with increasing comonomer content. This improvement in barrier‐to‐oxygen permeability was primarily due to a decrease in solubility of oxygen in the polymer. All of the copolymers tested displayed similar oxygen diffusion coefficients. The decrease in solubility correlates with the decrease in Tg. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 934–942, 2003
Thermal behaviors of flame‐retardant polycarbonates containing diphenyl sulfonate and poly(sulfonyl phenylene phosphonate)
Authors: Wang Yu‐Zhong , Yi Bing , Wu Bo , Yang Bing , Liu Ya 
Published: May 2003

AbstractPotassium diphenyl sulfonate (SSK), poly(sulfonyl phenylene phosphonate) (PSPPP), and their mixtures are proved to be effective flame‐retardants for polycarbonates (PCs) by measuring the limited oxygen index values and UL‐94 of blends. The flame‐retardant systems are characterized by thermogravimetric analysis under dynamic conditions. The resulting data, together with the analysis of the activation energies, demonstrates that the additives accelerate thermodegradation, especially in the early stage, and different additives cause a different process in the final stage. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 882–889, 2003