bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The NS2 Proteins of Parvovirus Minute Virus of Mice Are Required for Efficient Nuclear Egress of Progeny Virions in Mouse Cells
Authors: Eichwald Virginie , Daeffler Laurent , Klein Michèle , Rommelaere Jean , Salomé Nathalie 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT
The small nonstructural NS2 proteins of parvovirus minute virus of mice (MVMp) were previously shown to interact with the nuclear export receptor Crm1. We report here the analysis of two MVM mutant genomic clones generating NS2 proteins that are unable to interact with Crm1 as a result of amino acid substitutions within their nuclear export signal (NES) sequences. Upon transfection of human and mouse cells, the MVM-NES21 and MVM-NES22 mutant genomic clones were proficient in synthesis of the four virus-encoded proteins. While the MVM-NES22 clone was further able to produce infectious mutant virions, no virus could be recovered from cells transfected with the MVM-NES21 clone. Whereas the defect of MVM-NES21 appeared to be complex, the phenotype of MVM-NES22 could be traced back to a novel distinct NS2 function. Infection of mouse cells with the MVM-NES22 mutant led to stronger nuclear retention not only of the NS2 proteins but also of infectious progeny MVM particles. This nuclear sequestration correlated with a severe delay in the release of mutant virions in the medium and with prolonged survival of the infected cell populations compared with wild-type virus-treated cultures. This defect could explain, at least in part, the small size of the plaques generated by the MVM-NES22 mutant when assayed on mouse indicator cells. Altogether, our data indicate that the interaction of MVMp NS2 proteins with the nuclear export receptor Crm1 plays a critical role at a late stage of the parvovirus life cycle involved in release of progeny viruses.
Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth/Permeability Factor by Endometrial Glandular Epithelial and Stromal Cells in Baboons during the Menstrual Cycle and after Ovariectomy
Authors: Niklaus Andrea L. , Babischkin Jeffery S. , Aberdeen Graham W. , Pepe Gerald J. , Albrecht Eugene D. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractVascular endothelial growth/permeability factor (VEG/PF) has a crucial role in angiogenesis, and neovascularization is essential in preparing the uterine endometrium for implantation. However, the regulation of VEG/PF synthesis by particular cell types of the endometrium during the human menstrual cycle is not well understood. Therefore, in the present study the baboon was used as a nonhuman primate to determine the role of the ovary in vivo in endometrial VEG/PF expression. VEG/PF mRNA levels were quantified by competitive RT-PCR in whole uterine endometrium and in glandular epithelial and stromal cells isolated from the endometrium by laser capture microdissection of baboons during the normal menstrual cycle and after ovariectomy, which decreased serum estradiol and progesterone to undetectable levels. Mean (±se) levels (attomoles per micrograms of total RNA) of the 323-bp VEG/PF mRNA product, which reflected collective expression of all VEG/PF isoforms, in whole endometrium were 785 and 727 ± 158 during the mid and late follicular phases, respectively, and 1108 ± 320 during the midcycle surge in serum estradiol. VEG/PF mRNA levels then declined briefly before increasing to 1029 ± 365 attomoles/μg RNA during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. VEG/PF mRNA levels (attomoles per femtomole of 18S rRNA) were similar in glandular epithelial (2.27 ± 1.11) and stromal (2.54 ± 0.70) cells at the midcycle estradiol peak and the midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle (2.34 ± 1.30 and 1.49 ± 0.53, respectively). Immunocytochemical expression of VEG/PF protein was abundant in glandular and luminal epithelium, stroma, and vascular endothelium. Endometrial vessel density and percent vascularized area, determined by morphometric image analysis, were similar during the various stages of the baboon menstrual cycle. After ovariectomy, VEG/PF mRNA levels (attomoles per femtomole of 18S rRNA) in the endometrial glands (0.52 ± 0.21) and stroma (0.22 ± 0.11) were decreased to values that were approximately 20% and 10% (P &lt; 0.05), respectively, of those in intact baboons during the midcycle estrogen surge. Moreover, there was relatively little VEG/PF protein immunostaining in the endometrial glands, stroma, and vascular endothelium after ovariectomy.In summary, VEG/PF mRNA and protein expression in glandular epithelial and stromal cells were markedly suppressed after ovariectomy, indicating that synthesis of this angiogenic factor in these endometrial cells is dependent upon a product(s) secreted by the ovary. Moreover, endometrial VEG/PF expression remained relatively constant and thus was available as a component of the angiogenic system throughout the menstrual cycle, presumably to progressively promote vascular reconstruction of the endometrium.
Lecanora Vacillans H. Magn., a Remarkable Species and its Taxonomic Significance
Authors: Lumbsch H. Thorsten , Guderley Roland 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe anatomy and chemistry of Lecanora vacillans H. Magn. has been studied. This saxicolous species combines key characters of both the L. subfusca and L. subcarnea groups and indicates that the representative groups should not be segregated at generic level. More particularly L. vacillans resembles the L. subfusca group in its apothecial anatomy but contains chemical substances typical of the L. subcamea group, whereas the morphology is reminiscent of both groups. Lecanora vacillans f. infuscate is reduced to synonymy with L. vacillans.
Inhibition of Fungal Growth by Water Extracts from the Lichen Nephroma Arcticum
Authors: Land Carl Johan , Lundström Hans 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWater extracts from Nephroma arcticum were prepared and tested for inhibitory effects against various yeast, mould, blue-stain and rot fungi. A water extract from Peltigera aphthosa was used as a reference. Two different diffusion assays were used, wells (cupplate method) and droplets (drop-plate method). For the majority of fungi studied using the former method there were clear zones with a sharp boundary (fungicidal effect), whereas the latter method yielded more or less hazy zones with inhibition or reduction in growth (fungistatic effect). No clear or hazy zones were seen with the extract from P. aphthosa. For Candida glabrata E, Saccharomyces cerevisiae K and Hormonema dematioides S there were clear zones for both methods. The MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) values were determined in liquid medium for S. cerevisiae K and C. glabrata E and were, respectively, 1 and 10 mg ml−1 of a crude extract from N. arcticum. The MFC (Minimum Fungicidal Concentration) values were found to be identical to the MIC values.
The Genus Fulgensia A. Massal. & De Not., a Diverse Group in the Teloschistaceae
Authors: Westberg Martin , Kärnefelt Ingvar 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe morphology and the anatomy of the 13 species presently included in the genus Fulgensia were surveyed. Caloplaca aurea and C. paulii, two speciesregarded as closely related to Fulgensia by earlier authors, were also included in the study. Fulgensia was found to exhibit a great variation in both morphology and anatomy. The differences in size, shape and septation of the spores, in the anatomy of cortex and exciple, and in the gross morphology, will presumably motivate a different taxonomic treatment in the future. A tentative separation of the species into four different groups is proposed here. Group A comprises F. australis and F. chanousiae, which appear close to species in Caloplaca sect. Gasparrinia. Groups B and C, each comprises one species, F. schistidii and F. canariensis respectively and group D comprises the remaining nine species, including the type species F. fulgens. The last group may be further split by a more detailed investigation. The present separation of Fulgensia into two subgenera cannot be regarded as taxonomically sound. The genus is probably polyphyletic and the different groups are probably related to different groups within the large genus Caloplaca.
Peltigera Phyllidiosa (Peltigeraceae, Ascomycotina), A New Species from the Southern Appalachians Corroborated by its Sequences
Authors: Goffinet B. , Miadlikowska J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe new species Peltigera phyllidiosa Goffinet & Miadlikowska from the Southern Appalachians, eastern U.S.A., is closely related to P. collina and P. neckeri. Like these species it has a glabrous upper cortex and black fingernail- or saddleshaped apothecial discs, but differs in its laminal phyllidia. Variation in nucleotide sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) of the nrDNA repeat region correlates with the presence or absence of phyllidia, supporting the distinction of P. phyllidiosa from P. collina and P. neckeri.
Alternative Methods of extracting and Amplifying Dna from lichens
Authors: Martín Maria P. , Winka Katarina 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe have investigated whether DNA extraction protocols designed specifically for fungi and/or lichens perform better on lichens than do corresponding protocols designed for plants and insects. Two different PCR-amplification protocols were used to evaluate the quality of the DNA extracted with each method. The DNA extractions with highest quality were obtained with the protocols designed for insects and plants, and the most successful amplifications were obtained with Ready-To-Go PCR Beads. This indicates that fungal or lichen specific protocols might not be necessary for successful extraction of high quality DNA from lichens.
The Sorediate Punctelia Species With lecanoric Acid in Europe
Authors: van Herk Kok , Aptroot André 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA revision is presented of the sorediate, lecanoric acid-containing Punctelia species occurring in Europe. Two species are common in western andcentral Europe, viz. Punctelia subrudecta s. str. and Punctelia ulophylla comb. nov.They differ in several morphological characters, most notably in the colour andpruinosity of the margin. Both species occur sympatrically, often together on onetree. A third species, Punctelia perreticulata, is known in Europe only from the Mediterranean.
Lichenochora Mediterraneae (phyllacorales, Ascomycota) a new Lichenicolous Fungus from Spain
Authors: Calatayud Vicent , Navarro-Rosinés Pere , Calvo Esperanza 
Published: September 2002

AbstractLichenochora mediterraneae Calatayud, Nav.-Ros & E. Calvo (Phyllachorales)a new species of non-lichenized lichenicolous fungi, is described from the provinces of Cádiz and León (Spain)growing on Fuscopannaria mediterranea. is mainly characterised by having bispored asci, and 3–4-septate, narrowly cylindrical or bacilliform spores. The new species is compared with L. clauzadei and L. bellemerei, the two previously known species with pluriseptate spores.
The Identity of Buellia Ericina (Nyl.) Jatta and Its Generic Position
Authors: Giralt Mireia 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe study of the type material of Buellia ericina (Nyl.) Jatta has revealed that this species is characterized by the same diagnostic characters as Rinodina madeirensis Kalb & Hafellner, and both taxa are here considered to be conspecific. The generic position of Buellia ericina is discussed and it is concluded that the species is better placed within the genus Rinodina (Ach.) Gray. New chemical data on this taxon are provided, and its sorediate variety, R. ericina var. boomii, is described as new from Portugal. Its closest affinities are shown to be with Rinodina kalbii Giralt & Matzer and probably also R. insularis (Arnold) Hafellner.This group stands apart in the family Physciaceae. It shows affinities with Diploicia A. Massal. and is included provisionally in Rinodina.
Verrucaria Elaeina, A Misunderstood European Lichen
Authors: Orange Alan 
Published: September 2002

AbstractVerrucaria elaeina Borrer is a misunderstood species of shaded which is widespread in the British Isles. It resembles the freshwater species V. praetermissa, but differs in the more prominent perithecia, the lack of a layer, the slightly smaller ascospores, and the lack of a perispore.
Fellhanera Ochracea, a New Corticolous Lichen Species From Sheltered Habitats in Western Europe
Authors: Sparrius Laurens , Aptroot André 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFellhanera ochracea Sparrius & Aptroot is described from material found in sheltered habitats in Great Britain, Switzerland and The Netherlands, where it grows on acidic and neutral bark of, for example Pinus, Pseudotsuga, Ulmus, Quercus, Acer, Hedera and Sambucus. The species is close to Fellhanera subtilis and Fellhaneropsis myrtillicola, but distinguished by the abundant tiny, pale or orange-brown pigmented frequently discolouring to bluish green conidiomata with paler centrum, containing small, pyriform conidia, and by the 3-septate ascospores and the absence of lichen products in the thallus. A key to Fellhanera and Fellhaneropsis species known from western Europe is provided.
Thyrea Porphyrella, a new Species of the Lichinaceae from inselbergs in tropical South America
Authors: Schultz M. , Büdel B. , Porembski S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe new species Thyrea porphyrella Schultz, Büdel & Porembski, in the Lichinaceae, is described from tropical South America. It grows on granite inselbergs in SE Brazil and in southern Guyana. Diagnostic characters are the very thin, superficially smooth but conspicuously uneven to folded thallus lobes of reddish-brown to crimson colour.
Two New Sorediate Species of Lichens in the Catillariaceae from the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: van den Boom P. P. G. , J. Etayo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTwo new species of lichens are described from the Iberian Peninsula. Halecania giraltiae is the first sorediate saxicolous species known in the genus and has been collected growing on lichens and sometimes directly on rock in localities from northern Portugal to central Spain. Catillaria fungoides, a sorediate, corticolous representative of the C. nigroclavata group, is known from southern Portugal and northern Spain.
The Lichen Flora of Coastal Saline Lagoons in England
Authors: Gilbert Oliver 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe lichen flora associated with twenty saline lagoons in England is described. Though often scarce, lichens were present on shingle, miscellaneous stones, half-submerged concrete structures, retaining walls, salt marsh vegetation, wooden posts, and strand-line materials. Sites that had been modified by the activity of man often held richer assemblages than ones in a more natural condition. The lichen flora is a mixture of common-place species and maritime specialists. The large lagoon behind Chesil Beach, known as ‘The Fleet’, was the most important site surveyed. Many of the marine lichens present are typical of very sheltered coastlines. Caloplaca suaedae, found at two sites, is described as new to science.
Lepraria atlantica, a new species from the British Isles
Authors: Orange Alan 
Published: September 2002

AbstractLepraria atlantica is described as new from acidic rocks in the British Isles; it contains porphyrilic acid, cf. rangiformic acid or rarely cf. roccellic acid, and atranorin. It differs from L. cacumimim in the diffuse, powdery thallus. It is morphologically similar to L. jackii, but differs in the possession of porphyrilic acid.
Aminostratigraphic Relations and Age of Quaternary Deposits, Northern Española Basin, New Mexico
Authors: Dethier David P. , McCoy William D. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAmino acid ratios of gastropods provide a useful basis for correlation and approximate dating of middle to late Quaternary fluvial deposits from the northern Española basin, New Mexico. Sparsely fossiliferous slackwater deposits in the Rio Chama-Rio Grande floodplain were buried episodically by piedmont alluvium during periods of climatic change as the axial river system cut down 120 m during the past 620,000 yr. Alloisoleucine/isoleucine (alle/Ile) ratios in the total hydrolysate and free fraction of amino acids in Succinea and Vallonia are strongly correlated with elevation. Ratios in Succinea range from 0.01 to 0.79 in the total hydrolysate and from 0.00 to 1.15 in the free fraction for deposits that range in age from modern to ⩾620,000 yr old. Amino acid ratios are tightly clustered for deposits that contain the 620,000-yr-old Lava Creek B tephra layer, demonstrating their utility for correlation and providing a calibration point for a local dating curve. Two 14C ages from younger deposits and limiting ages for erosion surfaces that lie above gastropod-bearing units tend to support the validity of much of the curve. Combining the dating curve with the geologic constraints suggests that aggradation events, separated by episodes of net incision, occurred at about 620,000, 310,000 ± 70,000, 170,000 ± 40,000, 95,000 ± 15,000 yr ago, after 19,000 yr ago, and during two minor periods between 80,000 and 25,000 yr ago.
Delayed Postglacial Uplift and Synglacial Sea Levels in Coastal Central New England
Authors: Koteff Carl , Robinson Gilpin R. , Goldsmith Richard , Thompson Woodrow B. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe postglacial uplift pattern indicated by elevations of ice-marginal glaciomarine deltas in coastal New England, deposited between approximately 15,000 and 14,000 yr B.P. during ice retreat from northeastern Massachusetts into southwestern Maine, is very similar to that previously recorded for glaciolacustrine deltas of similar age from inland areas of New England. Multiple regression analyses of elevations from both sets of deltas show an extremely close fit to tilted flat surfaces that rise 0.852 m/km to the N 28.5°W along the coast and 0.889 m/km to the N 20.5°W in western New England. The close similarity of uplift pattern in areas where elevation data are from different base-level media, along with additional shore-line evidence, indicates (1) that both areas are part of the same crustal postglacial uplift block, (2) that postglacial uplift was delayed until after 14,000 yr B.P., and (3) that little or no eustatic sea-level change occurred between 15,000 and 14,000 yr B.P., during which time the margin of the late Wisconsinan Laurentide ice sheet retreated about 100 km from Boston, Massachusetts, into southwestern Maine. Elevation data from even younger glaciomarine deltas in the coastal area indicate that soon after the ice margin reached southwestern Maine and adjacent New Hampshire (ca, 14,000 yr B.P.), eustatic sea level rose rapidly 7-10 m during the time that the ice margin retreated 5-10 km, which may have occurred during an interval of only 50-100 yr, Our new data not only confirm the delayed postglacial uplift model previously described for western New England, but also indicate that little or no eustatic sea-level change occurred during a substantial period of early deglaciation. However, at about 14,000 yr B.P., sea level rose rapidly. Postglacial uplift in the region apparently began between 14,000 and 13,300 yr B.P., before the retreating ice margin reached eastern Maine.
Pollen-Derived Rainfall and Temperature Estimates from Lake Tanganyika and Their Implication for Late Pleistocene Water Levels
Authors: Vincens Annie , Chalié Françoise , Bonnefille Raymonde , Guiot Joel , Tiercelin Jean-Jacques 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPalaeoclimatic estimates of mean annual temperature and rainfall in the southern Tanganyika basin between 25,000 and 9000 yr B.P. have been established from two pollen sequences based on the best-analogue method. The results give evidence of a mean temperature decrease of about 4.2°C during the last glaciation, a value consistent with that previously obtained in the catchment area on the Burundi Highlands. This cooling was synchronous with a decrease of mean annual precipitation of about 180 mm/yr. Postglacial climatic conditions were established by 12,700 yr B.P., with warming and wetness continuing to increase from this date onward. These new palaeoclimatic data will be useful for hydrological reconstructions of Lake Tanganyika, particularly during the last glacial age for which the magnitude of water-level fall has been a controversial issue; our rainfall estimates are more consistent with low values (-250 to -300 m fall) than with high ones (-600 m) previously proposed.
Paleoclimatic Inferences from a 120,000-Yr Calcite Record of Water-Table Fluctuation in Browns Room of Devils Hole, Nevada
Authors: Szabo Barney J. , Kolesar Peter T. , Riggs Alan C. , Winograd Issac J. , Ludwig Kenneth R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe petrographic and morphologic differences between calcite precipitated below, at, or above the present water table and uranium-series dating were used to reconstruct a chronology of water-table fluctuation for the past 120,000 yr in Browns Room, a subterranean air-filled chamber of Devils Hole fissure adjacent to the discharge area of the large Ash Meadows groundwater flow system in southern Nevada. The water table was more than 5 m above present level between about 116,000 and 53,000 yr ago, fluctuated between about +5 and +9 m during the period between about 44,000 and 20,000 yr ago, and declined rapidly from +9 to its present level during the past 20,000 yr. Because the Ash Meadows groundwater basin is greater than 12,000 km2in extent, these documented water-table fluctuations are likely to be of regional significance. Although different in detail, water-level fluctuation recorded by Browns Room calcites generally correlate with other Great Basin proxy palcoclimatic data.
Holocene Paleoecology of an Estuary on Santa Rosa Island, California
Authors: Cole Kenneth L. , Liu Geng-Wu 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe middle to late Holocene history and early Anglo-European settlement impacts on Santa Rosa Island, California, were studied through the analysis of sediments in a small estuarine marsh. A 5.4-m-long sediment core produced a stratigraphic and pollen record spanning the last 5200 yr. Three major zones are distinguishable in the core. The lowermost zone (5200 to 3250 yr B.P.) represents a time of arid climate with predominantly marine sediment input and high Chenopodiaceae andAmbrosiapollen values. The intermediate zone (3250 yr B.P. to 1800 A.D.) is characterized by greater fresh water input and high values for Asteraceae and Cyperaceae pollen and charcoal particles. The uppermost zone (1800 A.D. to present) documents the unprecedented erosion, sedimentation, and vegetation change that resulted from the introduction of large exotic herbivores and exotic plants to the island during Anglo-European settlement. The identification of pollen grains of Torrey Pine (Pinus torreyana) documents the persistence of this endemic species on the island throughout the middle to late Holocene.
Extent and Timing of the Last Glacial Maximum in Southwestern Alaska
Authors: Mann Daniel H. , Peteet Dorothy M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA glacier complex composed of confluent alpine glaciers, island ice caps, and piedmont lobes covered much of the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak Island during the last glacial maximum (LGM). Because this glacier complex formed the southeastern border of Beringia, its dynamics may have been important in the timing and feasibility of the northwest coast route for human migration into lower-latitude North America. Radiocarbon dates from stratigraphic sections on Kodiak Island and in the Bristol Bay lowlands bracket the LGM in southwestern Alaska between 23,000 and 14,700 yr B.P. Reconstruction of ice thickness based on glacier trimlines, moraines, and calculations of basal-shear stress depict the Alaska Peninsula Glacier Complex flowing to the outer edge of the continental shelf in the Gulf of Alaska. Equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) were 300 to 700 m lower than today and approached sea level on the southwestern Alaska Peninsula. In northeastern areas where ELAs were higher, bedrock topography largely controlled ice flow except where ice saddles bridged straits and inlets.