bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of liquid crystal methyl methacrylic monomers
Authors: Amos Olusegun , Mehl Georg H. , Pashameah Rami Adel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThree liquid crystalline monomers were systematically designed, synthesised and characterised. Methyl methacrylic unit was linked to the mesogenic compound, 4′-Undecycloxybiphenyl-4-yl 4-octyloxy-2-(pent-4-en-1-yloxy) benzoate, (Me), using disiloxane, ester and siloxane units respectively. In the first compound, 4′-(undecyloxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl 2-((5-(3-(4-(methacryloyloxy)butyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxanyl)pentyl)oxy)-4-(octyloxy)benzoate, (M1), the methyl methacrylic unit was linked to the mesogen by disiloxane group, (Si–O–Si), while ester group, (COOC), was used in the second compound, 4′-(undecyloxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl 2-((5-(methacryloyloxy)pentyl)oxy)-4-(octyloxy)benzoate, (M2), and siloxane unit, (Si–O), in the third compound, 4′-(undecyloxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl 2-((5-((4-(methacryloyloxy)butyl)dimethylsilyl)pentyl)oxy)-4-(octyloxy)benzoate, (M3). The introduction of the methyl methacrylic unit caused the melting point of the compounds to reduce with Me melting at 53.3 °C, M1 at −8.1 °C and M2 at −12.5 °C. The three compounds showed characteristic nematic textures when observed under POM and when compared to the mesogenic compound (Me, 71.7 °C), there were remarkable reduction in the clearing points of the compounds, with M1 clearing at 18.6 °C, M2 at 68.8 °C and M3 at 10.3 °C. Finally, there was appreciable increment in the nematic phase range for the compounds when compared to the mesogen, Me, 18.4 °C. The range was 26.7 °C for M1, 81.3 °C for M2 and since there was no observable crystallization point for M3, the range was not determined.
Designing an online educational program to improve immunisation service delivery for migrants and refugees in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Mahimbo Abela , Tiwari Preeti , Abdi Ikram , Seale Holly , Charania Nadia , Heywood Anita E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMigrants and refugees are likely to be under-immunised according to the host country's national immunisation schedule and may remain under-immunised post-resettlement for various reasons. In Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand, primary health care professionals including general practitioners and nurses provide the majority of routine and catch-up immunisations for migrants and refugees. However, immunisation service delivery for migrants and refugees is complex, with evidence that unmet training needs for immunisation providers, particularly in the development of catch-up plans, is a significant barrier to immunisation service delivery for this group. Targeted professional development opportunities for immunisation providers are essential to improve their awareness, confidence, and capability to improve immunisation service delivery for migrants and refugees. We developed an educational program to support learning for immunisation providers and equip them with the requisite knowledge and confidence to improve immunisation service delivery for refugees and migrants. The development of the multi-module online educational program drew on evidence-based web design principles, adult learning theories, and its content aimed to complement general immunisation training and align with the continuing professional development standards of Australian and New Zealand general practice and nursing colleges. Input from experts and feedback from a few selected providers in Australia and New Zealand added to the robustness of the program. This program has the potential to improve the understanding and capacity of immunisation providers, to improve vaccination experiences and increase overall vaccine uptake among migrants and refugees.
Experimental study of propeller and ducted propeller’s wake inducted scour
Authors: Zhang Qin , Liang Bingchen , Qin Yingfan , Ji Shuai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the scour profile, scour hole depth, deposition mound height, and the positions produced by the propeller and the ducted propeller that vary over time. The terrains produced by the Ka4-70 propeller and the Ka4-70 propeller + No. 19A duct are obtained using a linear laser three-dimensional terrain scanning system. Compared with the Acoustic Doppler velocimetry (ADV) and other approaches, the system presented here could efficiently and precisely capture the terrain. The principle and system layout are elaborated in this work. Notably, the system can perform underwater scanning. Moreover, compared with the ADV, our system is more efficient and has a smaller data interval. The scour profile, max scour depth and height, and their positions over time are analyzed. The development of the ducted propeller scour is faster than that of the propeller. The ducted propeller scour has a longer, narrower, and shallower influence range compared to the propeller scour. The scour hole range is bigger than that of the scour deposition mound. The general trends of the propeller and ducted propeller development are similar. In each development, the terrain is also morphologically similar at different phases. In addition, the relationship between the max deposition mound position and the max scour hole depth is analyzed, and a scour classic formula is used to fit the scour data on a time scale.
‘Money looks for money’: managing financialization in eastern Uganda
Authors: Jones Ben , Amongin Sarah 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSavings groups are an important feature of life in rural Uganda and elsewhere. They have been celebrated as an ‘alternative’, community-based approach to economic development with a particular focus on empowering women. In this article we offer a more critical perspective, showing how a savings group in a village in eastern Uganda informs more general experiences of financialization. Joining the group was not really an ‘alternative’ to other forms of finance and was often a first step to securing loans from moneylenders, microfinance institutions and commercial banks. We show how poorer members of the group, typically women, ‘rented out’ their membership to wealthier villagers. Members also used the Friday meetings to socialize and to build political careers, and to reflect critically on experiences of financialization. ‘Money looks for money’, a phrase new to the area, interrogates these socialities and inequalities, as part of the seemingly inexorable pull of loans, interest and financialized debt.
Neural Arabic singular-to-plural conversion using a pretrained Character-BERT and a fused transformer
Authors: Radman Azzam , Atros Mohammed , Duwairi Rehab 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMorphological re-inflection generation is one of the most challenging tasks in the natural language processing (NLP) domain, especially with morphologically rich, low-resource languages like Arabic. In this research, we investigate the ability of transformer-based models in the singular-to-plural Arabic noun conversion task. We start with pretraining a Character-BERT model on a masked language modeling task using 1,134,950 Arabic words and then adopting the fusion technique to transfer the knowledge gained by the pretrained model to a full encoder–decoder transformer model, in one of the proposed settings. The second proposed setting directly fuses the output Character-BERT embeddings into the decoder. We then analyze and compare the performance of the two architectures and provide an interpretability section in which we track the features of attention with respect to the model. We perform the interpretation on both the macro and micro levels, providing some individual examples. Moreover, we provide a thorough error analysis showing the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed framework. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort in the Arabic NLP domain that adopts the development of an end-to-end fused-transformer deep learning model to address the problem of singular-to-plural conversion.
TrackAnalyzer: A Fiji/ImageJ toolbox for a holistic analysis of tracks
Authors: Cayuela López Ana , García-Cuesta Eva M. , Gardeta Sofía R. , Rodríguez-Frade José Miguel , Mellado Mario , Gómez-Pedrero José Antonio , S. Sorzano Carlos Oscar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Current live-cell imaging techniques make possible the observation of live events and the acquisition of large datasets to characterize the different parameters of the visualized events. They provide new insights into the dynamics of biological processes with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. Here we describe the implementation and application of a new tool called TrackAnalyzer, accessible from Fiji and ImageJ. Our tool allows running semi-automated single-particle tracking (SPT) and subsequent motion classification, as well as quantitative analysis of diffusion and intensity for selected tracks relying on the graphical user interface (GUI) for large sets of temporal images (X–Y–T or X–Y–C–T dimensions). TrackAnalyzer also allows 3D visualization of the results as overlays of either spots, cells or end-tracks over time, along with corresponding feature extraction and further classification according to user criteria. Our analysis workflow automates the following steps: (1) spot or cell detection and filtering, (2) construction of tracks, (3) track classification and analysis (diffusion and chemotaxis), and (4) detailed analysis and visualization of all the outputs along the pipeline. All these analyses are automated and can be run in batch mode for a set of similar acquisitions.
Acoustic metamaterials based on polymer sheets: from material design to applications as sound insulators and vibration dampers
Authors: Nakayama Masanari 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFlat and uniform plate-like materials made of rubber, glass, and metal can be utilized as sound insulators. The weights of these materials need to be increased to increase the sound insulation effects according to the mass law. In contrast, acoustic metamaterials with periodic structures composed of numerous resonators can break the mass law limit at certain frequencies. However, their feasible applications are still limited because of the time-consuming processes for assembling and integrating resonators. Recently, our group reported an acoustic metamaterial based on a polymer sheet that mutually connects spring-mass local resonators. The integrated structure enables high-throughput fabrication through a polymer molding method and single-step implementation on target objects. It is expected that acoustic metamaterial sheets and the customization of the sheet designs according to individual requirements will offer practical and innovative solutions for various problems related to noise and vibration. In this Focus Review, the polymer-based material design, functional control based on the physical properties of polymers, and applications to sound insulators and vibration dampers are described. Moreover, useful insights of new acoustic materials that are developed by combining polymers and metamaterials are provided.
Prevalence and course of pregnancy symptoms using self-reported pregnancy app symptom tracker data
Authors: Nissen Michael , Barrios Campo Nuria , Flaucher Madeleine , Jaeger Katharina M. , Titzmann Adriana , Blunck Dominik , Fasching Peter A. , Engelhardt Victoria , Eskofier Bjoern M. , Leutheuser Heike 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDuring pregnancy, almost all women experience pregnancy-related symptoms. The relationship between symptoms and their association with pregnancy outcomes is not well understood. Many pregnancy apps allow pregnant women to track their symptoms. To date, the resulting data are primarily used from a commercial rather than a scientific perspective. In this work, we aim to examine symptom occurrence, course, and their correlation throughout pregnancy. Self-reported app data of a pregnancy symptom tracker is used. In this context, we present methods to handle noisy real-world app data from commercial applications to understand the trajectory of user and patient-reported data. We report real-world evidence from patient-reported outcomes that exceeds previous works: 1,549,186 tracked symptoms from 183,732 users of a smartphone pregnancy app symptom tracker are analyzed. The majority of users track symptoms on a single day. These data are generalizable to those users who use the tracker for at least 5 months. Week-by-week symptom report data are presented for each symptom. There are few or conflicting reports in the literature on the course of diarrhea, fatigue, headache, heartburn, and sleep problems. A peak in fatigue in the first trimester, a peak in headache reports around gestation week 15, and a steady increase in the reports of sleeping difficulty throughout pregnancy are found. Our work highlights the potential of secondary use of industry data. It reveals and clarifies several previously unknown or disputed symptom trajectories and relationships. Collaboration between academia and industry can help generate new scientific knowledge.
Design and evaluation of multi-core raspberry-like platinum nanoparticles for enhanced photothermal treatment
Authors: Guénin Erwann , Fromain Alexandre , Serrano Aida , Gropplero Giacomo , Lalatonne Yoann , Espinosa Ana , Wilhelm Claire 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhile gold-based nanoparticles are now commonly used in nanomedicine due to their stability and high plasmonic resonance, platinum nanoparticles are recently emerging as promising candidates for enhancing radiotherapy sensitivity due to their high atomic number. Here, we demonstrate that platinum-based nanomaterials with a multi-core structure also possess efficient near-infrared photothermal properties, despite platinum’s maximum absorption being primarily in the ultraviolet region. The photothermal efficacy of these platinum multi-core raspberry-like nanoparticles is compared with single-core ultra-small platinum nanoseeds, within glioblastoma cancer spheroids, showcasing the potential of platinum nanocore aggregation for photothermal therapy in cancer treatment. Additionally, we used a microfabrication technique for high-throughput growth of spheroids in microwells to evaluate photothermal treatment on glioblastoma spheroids. Finally, X-ray absorption spectroscopy was conducted to analyze the stability and behavior of both nanoparticles in the cellular environment, indicating their excellent biostability. Moreover, even after laser application, none of the nanoparticles degraded but instead underwent reshaping into a more crystalline structure.
Deploying solar photovoltaic energy first in carbon-intensive regions brings gigatons more carbon mitigations to 2060
Authors: Chen Shi , Lu Xi , Nielsen Chris P. , McElroy Michael B. , He Gang , Zhang Shaohui , He Kebin , Yang Xiu , Zhang Fang , Hao Jiming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe global surge in solar photovoltaic (PV) power has featured spatial specialization from manufacturing to installation along its industrial chain. Yet how to improve PV climate benefits are under-investigated. Here we explore the evolution of net greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation of PV industry from 2009–2060 with a spatialized-dynamic life-cycle-analysis. Results suggest a net GHG mitigation of 1.29 Gt CO2-equivalent from 2009–2019, achieved by 1.97 Gt of mitigation from installation minus 0.68 Gt of emissions from manufacturing. The highest net GHG mitigation among future manufacturing-installation-scenarios to meet 40% global power demand in 2060 is as high as 204.7 Gt from 2020–2060, featuring manufacturing concentrated in Europe and North America and prioritized PV installations in carbon-intensive nations. This represents 97.5 Gt more net mitigation than the worst-case scenario, equivalent to 1.9 times 2020 global GHG emissions. The results call for strategic international coordination of PV industrial chain to increase GHG net mitigation.
Northeast Pacific marine heatwaves linked to Kuroshio Extension variability
Authors: Silva E. Nishchitha S. , Anderson Bruce T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMarine heatwave events in the Northeast Pacific Ocean from 2013-2015 and 2019-2020 have had significant impacts on ocean life and livelihoods in the region. Numerous studies have linked these marine heatwaves to known modes of climate variability. Here we show that the observed evolution of the 2013-2015 Northeast Pacific marine heatwave best correlates with the evolution of historical sea surface temperatures in response to variations in the Kuroshio Extension. By using ocean and atmospheric reanalysis data from 1981-2020 and ocean nutrient data from 1993-2020 from an ocean biogeochemistry model, we further report the physical and biogeochemical changes during this heat event and their relation to these same Kuroshio variations. Using these results, we propose an atmospheric teleconnection between Kuroshio Extension variations and Marine Heatwaves in the Northeast Pacific. This teleconnection’s influence further extends to the marine biogeochemistry and productivity in the Northeast Pacific region via Kuroshio-influenced modifications to mixed layer thickness.
Profile and resistance levels of 136 integron resistance genes
Authors: Hipólito Alberto , García-Pastor Lucía , Vergara Ester , Jové Thomas , Escudero José Antonio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntegrons have played a major role in the rise and spread of multidrug resistance in Gram-negative pathogens and are nowadays commonplace among clinical isolates. These platforms capture, stockpile, and modulate the expression of more than 170 antimicrobial resistance cassettes (ARCs) against most clinically-relevant antibiotics. Despite their importance, our knowledge on their profile and resistance levels is patchy, because data is scattered in the literature, often reported in different genetic backgrounds and sometimes extrapolated from sequence similarity alone. Here we have generated a collection of 136 ARCs against 8 antibiotic families and disinfectants. Cassettes are cloned in a vector designed to mimic the genetic environment of a class 1 integron, and transformed in Escherichia coli. We have measured the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) to the most relevant molecules from each antibiotic family. With more than 500 MIC values, we provide an exhaustive and comparable quantitation of resistance conferred by ARCs. Our data confirm known resistance trends and profiles while revealing important differences among closely related genes. We have also detected genes that do not confer the expected resistance, to the point of challenging the role of the whole family of qac genes in resistance against disinfectants. Our work provides a detailed characterization of integron resistance genes at-a-glance.
3D stellar motion in the axisymmetric Galactic potential and the e–z resonances
Authors: Michtchenko Tatiana A. , Barros Douglas A. 
Published: October 2023

Context. The full phase-space information on the kinematics of a huge number of stars provided by Gaia Data Release 3 increases the demand for a better understanding of the 3D stellar dynamics.
Aims. In this paper, we investigate the possible regimes of motion of stars in the axisymmetric approximation of the Galactic potential, applying a 3D observation-based model developed elsewhere. The model consists of three components: the axisymmetric disc, the central spheroidal bulge, and the spherical halo of dark matter. The axisymmetric disc model is divided into thin and thick stellar discs and H I and H2 gaseous disc subcomponents, by combining three Miyamoto-Nagai disc profiles of any model order (1, 2, or 3) for each disc subcomponent, to reproduce a radially exponential mass distribution. The physical and structural parameters of the Galaxy components are adjusted by observational kinematic constraints.
Methods. The phase space of the two-degrees-of-freedom model was studied by means of the Poincaré and dynamical mapping, the dynamical spectrum method, and the direct numerical integrations of the Hamiltonian equations of motion.
Results. For the chosen physical parameters, the nearly circular (close to the rotation curve) and low-altitude stellar behaviour is composed of two weakly coupled simple oscillations, radial and vertical motions. The amplitudes of the vertical oscillations of these orbits gradually increase with the growing Galactocentric distances, in concordance with the exponential mass decay assumed. However, for increasing planar eccentricities, e, and the altitudes over the equatorial disc, z, new regimes of stellar motion emerge as a result of the beating between the radial and vertical oscillation frequencies, which we refer to as e–z resonances. The corresponding resonant motion produces the characteristic sudden increase or decrease in the amplitude of the vertical oscillation, bifurcations in the dynamical spectra, and the chains of islands of stable motion in the phase space.
Conclusions. The results obtained can be useful in understanding and interpreting the features observed in the stellar 3D distribution around the Sun.
Phase locking among Saturn radio emissions revealed byCassiniobservations
Authors: Wu Siyuan , Ye Shengyi , Fischer Georg , Wang Jian , Kurth William S. , Yao Zhonghua , Guo Ruilong , Menietti Johns D. , Long Minyi , Xu Yan 
Published: October 2023

Context.Rotational modulation has been observed in different magnetospheric phenomena at Saturn, including radio emissions, which reflect the fundamental plasma processes in key regions. Though previous studies have shown Saturn’s kilometric radiation, 5 kHz narrowband emissions, and auroral hiss to be rotationally modulated, the modulation features of its 20 kHz narrowband emissions are still unknown.Aims.This work complements previous modulation analysis of Saturn radio emissions by undertaking the analysis of 20 kHz narrowband emissions and comprehensively comparing the phases among the regularly observed radio components.Methods.We carried out a least-squares analysis using the time series of narrowband emissions, which we derived from an event list based on a previous statistical study on Saturn narrowband emissions.Results.We reveal a “phase-lock” relation between the 5 and 20 kHz narrowband emissions and Saturn’s kilometric radiation, which suggests these strongly clock-like modulated emissions are connected to the rotating field-aligned current system, with local time preferences for the generation of the radio emissions. This local time preference cannot be well explained by existing theoretical frameworks. Although the phase-lock relation is relatively stable, it may be disrupted during solar wind compression. Therefore, the phase lock between these radio emissions may become a fundamental phenomenon that could help in establishing a global picture of the large-scale dynamics of Saturn’s magnetosphere.