bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Under The Cope of Heaven
Authors: Bonomi Patricia U 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this path breaking study, Patricia Bonomi argues that religion was as instrumental as either politics or the economy in shaping early American life and values. Looking at the middle and southern colonies as well as at Puritan New England, Bonomi finds an abundance of religious vitality through the colonial years among clergy and churchgoers of diverse religious background. The book also explores the tightening relationship between religion and politics and illuminates the vital role religion played in the American Revolution. A perennial backlist title first published in 1986, this updated edition includes a new preface on research in the field on African Americans, Indians, women, the Great Awakening, and Atlantic history and how these impact her interpretations.
Dancing with Broken Bones
Authors: Moller David Wendell 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Dancing with Broken Bones provides a chilling portrait of what it is like to die while living in urban poverty. Via interviews with patients and their families as well as powerful photographs, the author demonstrates that a complex array of factors shape the experience of dying poor in the inner city: mistrust of physicians; inadequate communication among providers, patients, and families; a sense of alienation within the bureaucratic maze of the public hospital system; and indignities in care. By demystifying the stereotypes surrounding poverty, the book illumiates how faith and an unassailiable spirit provide strength and courage throughout the end of life experience. Dancing with Broken Bones is a rallying call for compassionate individuals everywhere to understand and respond to the needs of the especially vulnerable people who comprise the world of inner-city dying poor.
Who Are the Asset Poor? Levels, Trends, and Composition, 1983–1998
Authors: Haveman Robert , Wolff Edward N 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The booming U.S. economy of the 1990s, particularly the big run-up in the stock market, created the impression that American households have done well, particularly in terms of wealth acquisition. As we shall show, this is decidedly not the case for many households. In this chapter, we introduce the concept of “asset poverty” as a measure of economic hardship, distinct from and complementary to the more commonly used concept of “income poverty.” We develop several measures of asset poverty and use them to document changes from 1983 to 1998 in the extent to which American households are unable to rely on an asset cushion to sustain themselves during temporary hard times. These measures indicate that in the face of the massive growth in overall assets in the United States, the level of asset poverty has actually been rising. In addition to showing the trends in overall asset poverty in the United States, we describe the patterns of asset poverty rates for various socioeconomic (e.g., race, age, schooling, family structure) groups over the 1983–1998 period.
Reaching Out to the Unbanked
Authors: Caskey John P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents a strategy for helping the “unbanked”—those who do not have deposit accounts of any type—to join the financial mainstream. The purpose is to help these individuals build savings and improve their credit-risk profiles, in order to lower their cost of payment services, eliminate a common source of stress, and gain access to lower-cost mainstream credit. The proposed strategy has five elements. First, participating banks should open special branch offices, called “outlets,” that are conveniently located for lower-income households and that provide fee-based, check-cashing services in addition to traditional consumer banking services. Second, these outlets should offer “starter” bank accounts that have low minimum-balance requirements, cannot be overdrawn, and include access to low-cost money orders for making long-distance payments. Third, the outlets should offer accounts, similar to traditional “Christmas Club” accounts, designed to help people accumulate savings. Fourth, the outlets should offer deposit-secured loans to individuals whose credit histories would make them ineligible for mainstream credit. Fifth, banks should form partnerships with nonprofit community-based organizations to help promote the outlets and to offer budget-management and credit-repair seminars to interested clients of the outlets.
The EITC and USAs/IDAs: Maybe a Marriage Made in Heaven?
Authors: Smeeding Timothy M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses the possibility of linking the savings desires of the low-income population to two or more policy instruments: the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) and a set of proposed policy instruments that subsidize savings behavior for low-income households through the tax code and other mechanisms, which we call universal savings accounts/ individual development accounts (USAs/IDAs). The evidence presented here suggests both motive and desire for low-income families to save. The EITC offers low-income families a clear-cut opportunity to accumulate assets and to build positive net worth. The USA/IDA legislation hopes to build on this motivation and to assist financially and logistically to meet these goals. We call this interaction “asset-based transfer policy.” However, a number of important questions need to be addressed before we can determine if this marriage of policies between the EITC and USAs/IDAs is indeed a heavenly one. In particular, further consideration of the design of USA/ IDA-type asset accumulation policies and their congruency with the savings desires of low-income beneficiaries, particularly those who benefit from the EITC, seems a good next step. The potential is there, but the case is not yet strong for such a linkage.
Regulating Specialists in the British Manner
Authors: Weisz George 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In Germany, France, and the United States, organized medical professions orchestrated the regulation of specialties while navigating among a host of external forces and pressures. Doctors justified specialty regulation on the grounds that it was (1) needed to protect the public from untrained specialists and (2) imperative to restrict competition within the profession. These requirements seemed so overwhelming that little thought was given to the larger context of population health needs. In Great Britain, however, the pattern of development was different.
Infotopia How Many Minds Produce Knowledge
Authors: Sunstein Cass R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The rise of the "information society" offers not only considerable peril but also great promise. Beset from all sides by a never-ending barrage of media, how can we ensure that the most accurate information emerges and is heeded? In this book, Cass R. Sunstein develops a deeply optimistic understanding of the human potential to pool information, and to use that knowledge to improve our lives. In an age of information overload, it is easy to fall back on our own prejudices and insulate ourselves with comforting opinions that reaffirm our core beliefs. Crowds quickly become mobs. The justification for the Iraq war, the collapse of Enron, the explosion of the space shuttle Columbia--all of these resulted from decisions made by leaders and groups trapped in "information cocoons," shielded from information at odds with their preconceptions. How can leaders and ordinary people challenge insular decision making and gain access to the sum of human knowledge? Stunning new ways to share and aggregate information, many Internet-based, are helping companies, schools, governments, and individuals not only to acquire, but also to create, ever-growing bodies of accurate knowledge. Through a ceaseless flurry of self-correcting exchanges, wikis, covering everything from politics and business plans to sports and science fiction subcultures, amass--and refine--information. Open-source software enables large numbers of people to participate in technological development. Prediction markets aggregate information in a way that allows companies, ranging from computer manufacturers to Hollywood studios, to make better decisions about product launches and office openings. Sunstein shows how people can assimilate aggregated information without succumbing to the dangers of the herd mentality--and when and why the new aggregation techniques are so astoundingly accurate. In a world where opinion and anecdote increasingly compete on equal footing with hard evidence, the on-line effort of many minds coming together might well provide the best path to infotopia.
The Undercover economist
Authors: Harford Tim 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
An economist's version of The Way Things Work, this engaging volume is part field guide to economics and part expose of the economic principles lurking behind daily events, explaining everything from traffic jams to high coffee prices. The Undercover Economist is for anyone who's wondered why the gap between rich and poor nations is so great, or why they can't seem to find a decent second-hand car, or how to outwit Starbucks. This book offers the hidden story behind these and other questions, as economist Tim Harford ranges from Africa, Asia, Europe, and of course the United States to reveal how supermarkets, airlines, and coffee chains--to name just a few--are vacuuming money from our wallets. Harford punctures the myths surrounding some of today's biggest controversies, including the high cost of health-care; he reveals why certain environmental laws can put a smile on a landlord's face; and he explains why some industries can have high profits for innocent reasons, while in other industries something sinister is going on. Covering an array of economic concepts including scarce resources, market power, efficiency, price gouging, market failure, inside information, and game theory, Harford sheds light on how these forces shape our day-to-day lives, often without our knowing it. Showing us the world through the eyes of an economist, Tim Harford reveals that everyday events are intricate games of negotiations, contests of strength, and battles of wits. Written with a light touch and sly wit, The Undercover Economist turns "the dismal science" into a true delight.
Classical Mythology
Authors: Hansen William 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The birth of Aphrodite, the Trojan Horse, Zeus disguised as a swan. These and other classical myths and legends are usually encountered separately, but together they make up a coherent, multigenerational saga of epic battles, bizarre metamorphoses, immortal heroes, and all-too-human gods-a fantastic world recognizably real to its audience. Classical Mythology offers newcomers and long-time enthusiasts new ways to navigate the world of Greek and Roman myths, beginning by exploring the landscapes where the myths are set. It then provides a richly detailed timeline of mythic episodes from the origin of the cosmos to the end of the Heroic Age-plus an illustrated mythological dictionary listing significant characters, places, events, objects, and concepts. Whether you wish to explore the world that gave rise to ancient mythology or research a specific piece of the whole, this handbook is the best introduction available to an extraordinary cast of characters (gods, nymphs, satyrs, monsters, heroes) and the natural and supernatural stages upon which their fates are played out. Features. A detailed timeline serves as a convenient “episode guide” chronicling events described in classical mythology. A comprehensive A-Z section offers a quick way to identify the gods, mortals, events, and objects that are key to specific myths and legends
Introduction
Authors: Yekelchyk Serhy 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In late 2004, hundreds of thousands of orange-clad protesters occupied the Ukrainian capital’s city centre to protest electoral fraud and the poisoning of an opposition candidate. A very modern revolt, the Orange Revolution featured slogans text-messaged to cellular phones, protest songs set to rap, and big television screens on the streets showing larger-than-life opposition leaders. The events in Kyiv were one of the most televised revolutions in history. Although the Ukrainian media at first obeyed the outgoing regime in minimizing the protests, Western television crews worked freely, and viewers all around the world received daily updates from Ukraine. The images of Kyiv’s Independence Square filled with demonstrators and the tents set up on Khreshchatyk Boulevard became familiar to a large international audience. Almost a “reality show” of a popular rebellion against corrupt authorities, the reports from Kyiv remained the top news until January 2005, when foreign viewers cheered the bad guys being voted off the new island of democracy. The winners of the Orange Revolution, meanwhile, faced the much less photogenic struggle to reform their country-an effort that would rarely be featured in international headlines.
Inheritance, Dowry, and Dower
Authors: Hanawalt Barbara A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The “Good Wife” poem advised that a mother should busy herself as soon as her daughters were born and “gather fast for their marriage, and give them spousing, as soon as they be of age.” Early marriage guarded against unacceptable romantic dalliances, but marriage usually required material wealth on the part of both the bride and groom. The training of young women, as we have seen, was more for marriage than for a craft, although not all young women married. As in most of northwestern Europe, London marriage contracts retained the dowry (the bridal gift at marriage) and dower (the husband’s provision for his widow should he predecease her). Dowry and dower in London could be in the form of freehold real estate, leased property, money, and goods. London women could, as we have seen, inherit property and wealth in their own names and pass it on to heirs or heiresses. Even among the poor, the presumption was that a girl should contribute a dowry Inheritance, Dowry, and Dower to the economic partnership of marriage with some money and chattels or perhaps some supplemental trade.
The Formation of Marriage
Authors: Hanawalt Barbara A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Marriage was both a contractual agreement and an emotional investment. For women, it was a defining moment in their lives. A woman ceased to be identified in the records and in daily life as “daughter of ” and became the “wife of ” her husband. On her husband’s death, she was called “widow of ” or “relict of.” In a subsequent marriage, she would take the identity of her new husband, but if she had property from her first husband, she would be the relict of the former husband and the wife of the current husband. Marriage usually meant a change of domicile for the woman. Unlike the Italian pattern, in which the bride moved into the husband’s family household, she and her husband would usually have their own establishment. The English seemed to have a strong preference for conjugal family residences.
Standard of Living and Women as Consumers
Authors: Hanawalt Barbara A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The standard of living of women in various status groups in urban centers and the consumer products they bought were essential to all urban economies, including that of London. From the high end of the economy to the low, women were major participants in the day-to-day commerce of London. While not major producers of wealth in terms of crafts or large entrepreneurial activities, they were among the important consumers. They owned, bought, and rented houses, rooms, and shops, and they were often in charge of the upkeep on these establishments. They received as dowry and gifts clothing, jewelry, and household goods. They bought food for themselves and their households, and they purchased clothing and such luxury items as they could afford. To understand women’s standard of living, we must look at the spaces women frequented, the housing they occupied, the goods they possessed, and the things—both material and spiritual—they bought. The living conditions of women from the highest status to the lowest offer an intimate understanding of their lives.
Servants, Casual Labor, and Vendors
Authors: Hanawalt Barbara A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The number of women who held prestigious entrepreneurial roles, either in trade or real estate, was limited, but those in small businesses, service jobs, wage labor, and illegal activities for economic gain was much larger. Women in medieval cities did much of the day-to-day retail trade. The numbers and the marital status of these women are impossible to determine statistically in London. Those historians who have seen the demographic slump of the late Middle Ages as a “golden age” permitting women to enter entrepreneurial activities extend the glow to working women, seeing new opportunities for women in wage labor. But others have taken a more reserved view, seeing their position as marginal or little changed from the past. London evidence for these women is mostly anecdotal, as is much of the evidence in other studies. The historian Marjorie Keniston McIntosh has produced the best study of women and work in England from the thirteenth through the early seventeenth centuries. Women were most numerous as servants with few skills, but some women found more skilled trades and made a living at them, particularly in the luxury items. Other women made their way as hucksters, selling beer, wine, and prepared foods in the streets. Women did not generally enjoy continuity of work but changed their occupations and work as the needs arose. These women’s lives tended to be determined by opportunities that came and went and were combined with domestic responsibilities for family, their own health, and their old age. When all else failed, women sold their bodies, not as a glamorized “sex workers” but in casual encounters to tide them over. One cannot romanticize the lives of the working women, most of whom lacked stable employment situations.
India
Authors: Panagariya Arvind 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
India is not only the world’s largest and fiercely independent democracy, but also an emerging economic giant. But to date there has been no comprehensive account of India’s remarkable growth or the role policy has played in fueling this expansion. India: The Emerging Giant fills this gap, shedding light on one of the most successful experiments in economic development in modern history. Why did the early promise of the Indian economy not materialize and what led to its eventual turnaround? What policy initiatives have been undertaken in the last twenty years and how do they relate to the upward shift in the growth rate? What must be done to push the growth rate to double-digit levels? To answer these crucial questions, Arvind Panagariya offers a brilliant analysis of India’s economy over the last fifty years--from the promising start in the 1950s, to the near debacle of the 1970s (when India came to be regarded as a “basket case”), to the phenomenal about face of the last two decades. The author illuminates the ways that government policies have promoted economic growth (or, in the case of Indira Ghandi’s policies, economic stagnation), and offers insightful discussions of such key topics as poverty and inequality, tax reform, telecommunications (perhaps the single most important success story), agriculture and transportation, and the government’s role in health, education, and sanitation. The dramatic change in the fortunes of 1.1 billion people has, not surprisingly, generated tremendous interest in the economy of India. Arvind Paragariya offers the first major account of how this has come about and what more India must do to sustain its rapid growth and alleviate poverty. It will be must reading for everyone interested in modern India, foreign affairs, or the world economy.
Tackling Subsidies And Reforming The Civil Service
Authors: Panagariya Arvind 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In considering government expenditures and their reform, the conceptual question we must ask is why the government should either influence the market outcome through subsidies or itself become the provider of certain goods and services. The broad rationale economists give for such involvement is the underprovision of certain goods and services by the market relative to their optimal level. In the Indian context, four factors accounting for the underprovision may be distinguished.
The Lithic Assemblages of Qafzeh Cave
Authors: Hovers Erella 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This book presents the first comprehensive description of the lithic assemblages from Qafzeh Cave, one of only two Middle Paleolithic sites in the Levant that has yielded multiple burials of early anatomically modern Homo sapiens (AMHs). The record from this region raises the question of possible long-term temporal overlap between early AMHs and Neanderthals. For this reason, Qafzeh has long been one of the pivotal sites in debates on the origins of AMHs and in attempts to compare and contrast the two species' adaptations and behavior. Although the hominin fossils from the site were published years ago, until now the associated archaeological assemblages were incompletely described, often leading to conflicting interpretations. This monograph includes a thorough technological analysis of the lithic assemblages, incorporated in their geological and sedimentological contexts. This description serves as a springboard for regional comparisons as well as a more general discussion about Middle Paleolithic behavior, which is relevant to important and as yet unresolved questions on the origins of "modern" behavior patterns. The volume includes a wide-ranging and up-to-date bibliography that provides the middle-range for discussing the ecological context and behavioral complexity of the Middle Paleolithic period, and ends with some thought-provoking conclusions about the dynamic human interactions that existed in the region during this time.
Epilepsy in Our Lives
Authors: Schachter Steven C , Krishnamurthy Kaarkuzhali Babu , Cantrell Deborah T Combs 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Epilepsy in our Lives presents accounts of seizures by women with epilepsy, and their experiences living with the problem and how this disorder has changed their lives. They discuss the impact of epilepsy on their roles as mothers, wives and individuals, and express their concerns about how epilepsy will affect pregnancy outcome, the health of their babies, and parenting. They share candidly how epilepsy impacts family planning, fertility and sexuality. ABOUT THE SERIES: With the Brainstorms series, one of the world’s leading authorities on epilepsy, Dr Steven C. Schachter, has gathered together the personal testimonies of patients, family members, and caregivers to create a poignant and gripping series of books on this misunderstood and often devastating disorder.
Epilepsy in Our Words
Authors: Schachter Steven C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Epilepsy in our Words features 68 personal accounts of seizure activity from people with epilepsy that illustrate the wide range of experiences associated with seizures and living with epilepsy. Many have had epilepsy for years, and their accounts are heartfelt and realistic. An introductory section explains epilepsy and different seizure types from a medical perspective. An index helps readers focus on particular symptoms and other specific aspects of seizures, such as seizure warnings and triggers. ABOUT THE SERIES: With the Brainstorms series, one of the world's leading authorities on epilepsy, Dr Steven C. Schachter, has gathered together the personal testimonies of patients, family members, and caregivers to create a poignant and gripping series of books on this misunderstood and often devastating disorder.