bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ARE YOU A REAL PARTICIPANT? EXPERIENCES WITH FRAUDULENT PARTICIPATION ACROSS TWO FUNDED STUDIES
Authors: Wallace Cara 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
While offering financial incentives for participation in research studies is common, less discussed is the potential impact of fraudulent participation for financial gain. Survey and data management software provide safeguards for fraud detection but enabling detection does not automatically weed out fraudulent responses. Few resources provide guidelines for identifying or managing fraudulent participation. Thoughtful processes are important, while also being mindful of normal research behaviors which might get flagged as suspicious, for example due to low literacy skills. This presentation discusses experiences across two studies with adults living with serious illness and/or their family members and two different types of fraudulent participation: online surveys and studies requiring personal interaction. Study one is a pilot instrument validation study collecting online survey data. Recruitment occurred locally through listservs and a research participation database from a large university hospital. Study two is a mixed-methods longitudinal design where survey and interview data are collected via phone or video calls. Participants for this study were recruited nationwide using multiple strategies, including social media. Both offer time-saving insights for dealing with fraudulent participation in research. For example, study one provides tips for planning how to manage spam/bots prior to data collection, including setting up filters to automatically weed out identified spam, creating automatic messaging included in the survey in the event it needs to be paused, and identifying potential problematic patterns in data that bypasses fraud detection. Study 2 emphasizes the importance of creating strong verification procedures for study eligibility when relying on participant reporting.
THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF PAID CAREGIVERS IN HOME-BASED DEMENTIA CARE
Authors: Reckrey Jennifer , Spetz Joanne 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Paid caregivers (e.g., home health aides, other home care workers) provide essential support to the rapidly growing number of people with dementia living in the community. This symposium presents innovative findings on the role of paid caregivers in home-based dementia care though exploration of the clinical, family, and care-delivery contexts in which paid caregivers work. First, Reckrey et al describe the scope of paid caregiving in dementia using nationally representative data examining factors associated with receipt of paid care among older adults with overlapping dementia and non-dementia serious illness. Next, we examine mechanisms of delivering paid care: Osakwe et al explore paid caregiver perceptions about the use of telehealth in home health and identify paid caregivers concerns about routine use of this technology in care of people with dementia, and Gordon-Wexler et al explore family caregiver perspectives on navigating Medicare and Medicaid insurance for people with advanced dementia and the challenges they experience coordinating paid care. Finally, we explore how paid caregivers work with other care team members. Quach et al discuss multidisciplinary perspectives about how paid caregivers support person-centered and relationship-centered care to family dementia caregivers, while Fabius et al examine information sharing practices within home care agencies and describe differences and similarities in information sharing needs for people with and without dementia. Taken together, these presentations highlight the important ways that paid caregivers work with providers and families within the care delivery system and identify ways to better support and integrate these essential workers into dementia care teams. This is a Paid Caregiving Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.
“CAREGIVING IS TEAMWORK...” INFORMATION SHARING IN HOME CARE FOR OLDER ADULTS WITH DISABILITIES IN THE COMMUNITY
Authors: Fabius Chanee , Wec Aleksandra , Saylor Martha Abshire , Smith Jamie , Gallo Joseph , Wolff Jennifer 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Direct care workers provide assistance with daily activities to persons with disabilities. Direct care workers are well positioned to recognize and share information about care gaps and changes in function and behaviors but are often viewed as unskilled and excluded from interdisciplinary care team interactions. We conducted 11 semi-structured interviews with administrators (n=5), nurses (n=3), and direct care workers (n=3) from home care agencies (“residential service agencies” in Maryland) to understand information sharing between direct care workers, family caregivers, and clinicians in home care delivery for older adults with disabilities, including those living with dementia. Thematic analysis was completed by the research team. Leveraging Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) 2.0 model, a human factors framework, respondents highlighted aspects of information sharing across (1) work systems, (2) processes, and (3) dementia-related adaptations. Work system characteristics relevant to information sharing included the utilization of electronic management systems and patient portals to communicate within agencies and with clinicians and using multiple methods to gather information about client goals and preferences (e.g., assessments, client profiles). Process characteristics include collaborations between families and residential service agency staff to deliver optimal care. Direct care workers did not report differences in coordinating care for persons living with dementia, however they reported dementia-related adaptations like an increased need to establishing and sustaining strong relationships with family members and communicating with clinicians during medical visits. Findings highlight the care demands experienced by direct care workers and support calls to better coordinate information sharing between interdisciplinary care teams.
INFRASTRUCTURES OF CAREGIVING: RECONSTITUTING HOMELINESS AND FAMILY IN SINGAPORE
Authors: Chia Arthur , Malhotra Rahul 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Caregiving comprises concrete everyday tasks that are built-on and revolve around the home, yet few studies have looked at caregiving as practice(s) that shape the home as a place of/for care. We examined the socio-material arrangements of people, activities, and things that enable caregiving at home, asking how caregiving is orchestrated, sustained, and delivered at home, and how the home is in turn re-constituted by caregiving. In-depth interviews were conducted with 40 family caregivers, aged 55-85 years, caring for their spouse and/or parent(s). Relations, activities, and things that enabled caregiving were analyzed through the theoretical lens of “care infrastructure”. Caregiving is enacted through a network of people and things – including family members, live-in hired helpers, medical and social workers; technologies like surveillance cameras and strategically placed mirrors at home to monitor care recipients; televisions turned-on 24/7; assistive devices such as wheelchairs and ramps, and placement of hospital beds at home, etc. – that change living arrangements and routines. Care tasks, responsibilities, and decisions are marked by negotiations, tensions, and compromises between people and with things. Caregivers appropriate, adapt, and improvise in situations of uncertainty, conflict, and impossible demand. We conclude that new socio-material arrangements of people, activities, and things that emerge because of caregiving change/disrupt the notion of home as a place of safety, familiarity, and comfort for caregivers. Understanding the emplacement/displacement and interconnection of things, activities, and people sheds light on how the home shapes the effects of caregiving and vice versa.
FIVE REALITIES: A TYPOLOGY OF CAREGIVERS OF PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA AND THEIR INTERVENTION OUTCOMES
Authors: Ashida Sato , Lynn Freda , Thompson Lena , Donohoe Maria , Schneider Haley , Williams Kristine 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Caregivers of persons living with dementia report wide-ranging lived experiences, including feelings of burden and frustration but also positive outcomes. This study uses novel survey data to describe distinct types of caregiving experiences from a holistic perspective. We then explore the extent to which responses to a caregiver intervention are contingent on experience type. Using baseline data from a randomized trial, we use the k-means clustering algorithm on eight caregiver perceptions (adversity: burden, anxiety, network unmet-expectations, and network stress; positivity: positive aspects of caregiving, self-efficacy accessing services, caregiving preparedness, and network support) to identify experience types. Differential responses to intervention at 3-months by typology were assessed using OLS regression methods. Eighty-one caregivers were partitioned into five latent classes: Thriving (low adversity, high positivity); Deeply Struggling (high adversity, low positivity); Struggling but feeling prepared; Struggling and unprepared; No Plans (unprepared but not anxious). Attrition was highest among struggling groups and lowest among thrivers. Caregivers who are “Struggling but feeling prepared” (p=0.01) or “Struggling and unprepared” (p=0.03) showed significant increase in self-efficacy to use community services at 3-months. The latter group also showed a significant increase in knowledge about community services (p=0.03). Network stress at 3-months increased significantly more for the control than intervention group (p=0.03); by cluster, group differences were most pronounced among “Deeply struggling” (p=0.04) and “No Plans” (p=0.05). Types of caregiving experiences may determine caregiver participation in programs and their response to programs intended to support caregivers. Research and practice should focus on identifying strategies that fit caregiver experiences.
ADRD CAREGIVERS’ ROLE PERCEPTION AND MENTAL HEALTH AFTER LTC-PLACEMENT OF FAMILY MEMBERS
Authors: Kim Hyejin , Paun Olimpia , Bishop-Royse Jessica , Inventor Ben , Mayahara Masako , Ailey Sarah , Fogg Louis 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Chronic Grief Management Intervention-Video (CGMI-V) clinical trial tested the effects of an 8-week live online intervention for caregivers who placed their family members with ADRD in LTC on caregivers’ mental health outcomes (grief, depression and anxiety symptoms, positive states of mind). This cross-sectional study used baseline data (n=95) from the CGMI-V. We performed hierarchical linear regression to examine the main effects of caregiving role perceptions on caregivers’ levels of grief, depression, anxiety symptoms, and positive states of mind, controlling for potential covariates. At baseline, perceived caregiver role captivity was the most significant factor of outcome variables, followed by feelings of guilt and loss. Increased feelings of role captivity were linked to sum scores of grief as measured with the Marwit-Meuser Caregiver Grief Inventory. These findings indicate that increased feelings of role captivity were associated with increased feelings of loss and loss of interpersonal connections. Higher levels of perceived role captivity were associated with more depressive and anxiety symptoms. Caregivers with lower levels of perceived role captivity had higher levels of positive states of mind. The findings confirmed the need for interventions targeting caregivers’ feelings of role captivity, loss, and guilt related to caregiving obligations post-LTC placement of family members with ADRD to reduce caregivers’ grief, depression, and anxiety and to increase their positive states of mind. These baseline findings are preliminary. Future presentations will report the effects of the CGMI-V intervention on caregivers’ grief and mental health, including weeks 8 and 24 follow-up data.
BUILDING SCIENTIFIC COLLABORATIONS IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE RESEARCH: THE ADRD SPECIAL INTEREST GROUP
Authors: Gaugler Joseph , Urbanski Dana , Yam Hawking , Baker Zachary , Merkel Emily , Waring Stephen , Sheets Kerry 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Since the advent of the National Alzheimer’s Project Act, an unprecedented increase in federal funding to advance the science of dementia and dementia care has occurred. The Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementia (ADRD) Special Interest Group (SIG) of the University of Minnesota’s Center for Healthy Aging and Innovation aims to build and enhance scholarly collaborations in ADRD research between faculty, post-doctoral fellows, and graduate students across the University of Minnesota and beyond. Given the challenges of identifying mutual areas of scientific interest across disciplines, the ADRD has utilized several strategies to identify potential points of engagement, including a crosswalk procedure to create a matrix of members’ interests, methodological expertise, and available data resources; a member-led journal club; and a dashboard to track collaborative process. Although early in its development, the ADRD SIG aims to facilitate these initial partnerships to result in peer-reviewed publications and, eventually, team science-based project in ADRD.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN INFORMANT REPORTS OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN MEXICO AND THE US
Authors: Cantu Phillip 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Increasingly, researchers are attempting to measure cognitive functioning in large population-based surveys using both direct measurement and informant reports, but little work examines how gender affects measurements. For example, the role of gender in the division of labor is different in the U.S. and Mexico so questions relating to household chores will overestimate functional impairment in Mexico relative to the U.S. Method: Data from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) will be used to examine disparities in how informants report cognitive change, measured by the total Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSI′D’) score, are related to gender of participants and informants. Result: Female participants in Mexico have higher CSID scores than men but not in the U.S. Conversely, female informants report higher CSID scores than male informants in the U.S. but not in Mexico.

Conclusion
Further analysis is needed to determine if national differences in the association of gender and reports of cognitive impairment are due to differences in how informants report impairment.
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING FOR OLDER ADULTS: A CASE STUDY OF SINGAPORE
Authors: Liu Yuezhong , Wong Chek Hooi , Ho Ringo , Theng Yin-Leng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study aims to examine the interplay between the intrinsic capacity of older adults and built environmental characteristics, and how these factors influence their outside daily life gait speed (DGS) in neighbourhoods. We collected and analyzed 33 participants who travelled a total of 2,428 kilometres and took a combined 1,428,793 steps outside of their homes over a period of 220 days in Singapore. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) cut-offs (accounting for education attainment) were used to distinguish between those with cognitive impairment (CI) and those without cognitive impairment (Non-CI). The mean (SD) age of the participants was 69.2 (7.14), and 21 (64%) of them were female. 14 (42%) participants were identified as having cognitive impairment. A high Gross Plot Ratio was found to be associated with a lower DGS for both CI (b=-0.03, t = 0.19, p &lt; .01) and Non-CI (b=-0.03, t = 0.16, p &lt; .01). The DGS of individuals with CI was generally slower compared to Non-CI, with the greatest difference observed in business areas where the Non-CI group walked at a speed twice as fast. Individuals with CI had a slower DGS and required more adaptation to the environment. They also experienced lower quality of life-space interaction and relied more on vehicular travel from the density and frequency of activity points. Creating an environment that requires less attention and reduces cognitive load may help promote safe walking among individuals with CI and compensate for their reduced ability to perceive environmental risk.
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT, FALLS, AND DEMENTIA: NOVEL APPROACHES FOR EARLIER DETECTION AND MORE EFFECTIVE INTERVENTION
Authors: Reid Kieran , Blumen Helena , Verghese Joe 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This symposium will discuss novel digital approaches for the remote assessment of cognitive status and detection of fall risk in older adults. We will then describe several emerging digital exercise, ballroom dancing, and other non-invasive intervention strategies targeted for vulnerable older populations at increased risk for falling, or developing cognitive impairment and dementia. Collectively, we posit that these innovative detection and intervention strategies hold significant potential as more effective and scalable approaches for identifying cognitive impairment, preventing falls, and mitigating cognitive decline in high-risk older adults. In presentation 1, Roque et al. examines the utility of ecological momentary cognitive assessment and its potential as a digital biomarker of cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults. In presentation 2, Mahoney et al. discusses the development and clinical potential of a novel digital health app, CatchU®, that remotely captures visual-somatosensory integration performance to detect fall propensity in older adults. In presentation 3, Bajdek et al. describes the feasibility of a 12-week digitally delivered home-based fall prevention exercise program for older adults with elevated fall risk. In presentation 4, Blumen et al. report preliminary efficacy and mechanistic findings from a randomized trial of social ballroom dancing in older adults at increased risk for dementia. In presentation 5, Reid et al. describes the feasibility of a real-world community-level physical activity intervention for older adults with motoric cognitive risk syndrome. The discussant, Dr. Verghese, will integrate the key findings from these studies, discuss their theoretical and methodological contributions, and consider future research directions.
RELIGIOUS ATTENDANCE AND SLEEP QUALITY IN US OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Britt Katherine , Dong Fanghong , Hodgson Nancy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Sleep is an important proponent of memory, learning, and cognitive processing with changing patterns throughout the life course; poor sleep contributes to cognitive decline and dementia risk. Spiritual and religious activities are associated with better cognitive health, yet the biological mechanism is not well understood. This study aims to investigate whether religious and spiritual activity is associated with sleep quality in U.S. adults. Data were drawn from a U.S. longitudinal survey of a national probability sample, Midlife in the United States (MIDUS), from MIDUS Wave 2 (2004-2006), and MIDUS refresher (2011-2014). We examined cross-sectional associations between self-reported religious service attendance measured with 1 item (high, low religious attendance) and sleep quality measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (n=1,168) across three adult age groups (early, middle, late). We adjusted for sex, education, marital status, BMI, and smoking. Higher religious service attendance was significantly associated with better sleep quality among older adults (aged 60 – 80 years) (B=-1.02, p=0.011), while associations in young (aged 20-40 years) (B=-0.76, p=0.087) and middle-aged adults (aged 40-60 years) (B=-0.54, p=0.061) were marginal. Religious service attendance may contribute to better sleep quality amongst older adults by providing a sense of purpose and reducing feelings of helplessness and a sense of loss of control associated with aging. In addition, religious attendance is associated with decreased depressive symptoms and anxiety, possibly contributing to greater spiritual well-being and promoting better sleep. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine these associations over time.
THE MINI-MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION IN A CHINESE POPULATION: RELIABILITY, VALIDITY, AND MEASUREMENT INVARIANCE
Authors: Andersson Bjoern , Luo Hao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a widely used screening tool for cognitive impairment and dementia in many cultures and regions. However, the properties of the MMSE in the Chinese context have not been evaluated with large population-representative samples. It is also unclear whether item properties of the MMSE differ across age and education subgroups. We study the psychometric properties of the MMSE using data from 8974 respondents aged 60 years or older in the 2018 Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Using item response theory (IRT) for the ordinal data, we confirm a three-dimensional factor structure for the MMSE in CHARLS in accordance with the underlying theoretical framework and establish acceptable model-data fit (SRMSR = 0.036). Total scores and subscale scores of the MMSE correlated positively with each other and correlated negatively with ADL (r = -0.19), IADL (-0.30), and CESD scores (-0.25). The reliability of the total MMSE scores was estimated at 0.78, indicating moderate measurement precision in the study population. Multiple group IRT analysis found that item characteristics and item functioning of 5 items differed by age group and 14 items differed by educational level. This analysis provided evidence on violations to measurement invariance of MMSE items, pointing to a need to account for item-level differences in measurement properties primarily with respect to education level when using the MMSE in CHARLS and, more generally, in Chinese populations. In addition, revised cognitive measures are advised to be used in CHARLS to improve the precision of measurement.
EMERGING MR IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY APPLICATIONS FOR AGING RESEARCH IN MODEL ORGANISMS
Authors: de Cabo Rafael , Bouhrara Mustapha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Advances in quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) methodology have enabled probing tissue microstructure and function with exquisite specificity and sensitivity in human and model systems. Using this technology to examine changes in tissue microstructure and function in aging or pathology has the potential to provide a window into the underlying age-related diseases’ mechanisms, and to nominate MR biomarkers for longitudinal assessment and intervention. Water molecules within biological tissues undergo interactions with their environment through nuclear relaxation, magnetization transfer, chemical exchange, and diffusion. These processes are sensitive to underlying local tissue properties such as density, microstructure, temperature, acidity, composition, and geometry. Through use of combinations of magnetic fields and radiofrequency pulse formalisms, MRI/MRS provides unique sensitivity and specificity to probe these mechanisms in all biological tissues. Advances in acquisition strategies, hardware designs, computational analyses, and signal modeling have positioned MRI/MRS as powerful emerging noninvasive modalities to studying biological tissue to differentiate normal from abnormal cell-level processes. These techniques are based on multicomponent relaxometry or diffusion, magnetization transfer, high-dimensional imaging or spectroscopy, susceptibility imaging, cerebral functioning, etc. However, their integration in clinical trials and investigations is still limited. This session will provide an overview about these emerging MRI/MRS techniques, their value and application in studying aging. The overarching goal is to generate further interest within the scientific community, disseminate and integrate these mature and unique noninvasive approaches in research settings and routine clinical protocols to advance our understanding of aging processes.