bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A space–time model for seasonal hurricane prediction
Authors: Jagger Thomas H. , Niu Xufeng , Elsner James B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA space–time count process model is explained and applied to annual North Atlantic hurricane activity. The model uses the best‐track data set of historical hurricane positions and intensities, together with climate variables, to determine local space–time coefficients of a right‐truncated Poisson process. The truncated Poisson space–time autoregressive (TPSTAR) model is motivated by first examining a time‐series model for the entire domain. Then a Poisson generalized linear model is considered that uses grid boxes within the domain and adds offset factors for latitude and longitude. A natural extension is then made that includes instantaneous local and autoregressive coupling between the grids. A final version of the model is found by backward selection of the predictors based on values of Bayesian and Akiake information criteria. The final model has five nearest neighbours and statistically significant couplings. Hindcasts are performed on the hurricane seasons from 1994 to 1997. Results show that, on average, model forecast probabilities are larger in regions in which hurricanes occurred. Quantitative skill assessment indicates some useful skill above climatology—currently the default leading candidate. The TPSTAR model could be a valuable guidance product when issuing seasonal hurricane forecasts. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society.
Attitudes in the Danish tourism industry to the roles of business and government in sustainable tourism
Authors: Bramwell Bill , Alletorp Lone 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe introduction of more sustainable forms of tourism in a country is likely to be the result of a combination of government regulations and other interventions and businesses making their own decisions in response to the market. This paper examines attitudes among senior managers in the Danish tourism industry to where prime responsibility lies for promoting sustainable tourism practices. The opinions of these senior industry managers are also reported on incentives and obstacles to the adoption of sustainable tourism practices, on external assistance that may encourage the introduction of these practices, and whether there should be more government regulations to encourage their adoption. Industry attitudes in Denmark to these issues are of particular interest because of the relative prominence of environmental issues in the country. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soil chemical quality changes and implications for fertilizer management after 11 years of no‐tillage wheat production systems in semiarid Morocco
Authors: Mrabet R. , Ibno‐Namr K. , Bessam F. , Saber N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA long‐term experiment comparing no‐till with conventional tillage systems across five rotations was evaluated 11 years after initiation. The objectives of the present paper are (1) to report differences in soil chemical properties (namely soil organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and pH) that have resulted by converting from conventional to no‐till under contrasting cropping systems and (2) to draw tentative conclusions and recommendations on fertility status and fertilizer use and management. Soil in the no‐till system had increased surface soil organic C levels relative to conventional tillage regardless of rotation. In addition, depending on the rotation, the N and P content of the soil improved with no‐till compared with conventional tillage. In other words, no‐till has helped to retain soil organic matter (SOM), conserved more N, and resulted in increased extractable P and exchangeable K concentrations in the upper root‐zone. Hence, wheat produced in a no‐till system may receive more nutrients from decomposition of SOM and acidification of the seed zone. It is possible that lesser amounts of fertilizer nutrients will be needed because of the greater efficiency of nutrient cycling in no‐till systems relative to conventional systems. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐power helium: Neon laser irradiation enhances production of vascular endothelial growth factor and promotes growth of endothelial cells in vitro
Authors: Kipshidze Nicholas , Nikolaychik Victor , Keelan Michael H. , Shankar Latha Raja , Khanna Ashwani , Kornowski Ran , Leon Martin , Moses Jeffrey 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveNumerous reports suggest that low‐power laser irradiation (LPLI) is capable of affecting cellular processes in the absence of significant thermal effect. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of LPLI on secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferation of human endothelial cells (EC) in vitro.Study Design/Materials and MethodsCell cultures were irradiated with single different doses of LPLI (Laser irradiance from 0.10 to 6.3 J/cm2) by using a He:Ne continuous wave laser (632 nm). VEGF secretion by smooth muscle cells (SMC) and fibroblasts was quantified by sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. The endothelial cell proliferation was measured by Alamar Blue assay. VEGF and transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) expression by cardiomyocytes was studied by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).ResultsWe observed that (1) LPLI of vascular and cardiac cells results in a statistically significant increase of VEGF secretion in culture (1.6‐fold for SMC and fibroblasts and 7‐fold for cardiomyocytes) and is dose dependent (maximal effect was observed with LPLI irradiance of 0.5 J/cm2 for SMC, 2.1 J/cm2 for fibroblasts and 1.05 J/cm2 for cardiomyocytes). (2) Significant stimulation of endothelial cell growth was obtained with LPLI‐treated conditioned medium of SMC (maximal increase was observed with LPLI conditioned medium with irradiance of 1.05 J/cm2 for SMC and 2.1 J/cm2 for fibroblasts.ConclusionsOur studies demonstrate that low‐power laser irradiation increases production of VEGF by SMC, fibroblasts, and cardiac myocytes and stimulates EC growth in culture. These data may have significant importance leading to the establishment of new methods for endoluminal postangioplasty vascular repair and myocardial photoangiogenesis. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:355–364, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk reduction and real estate portfolio size
Authors: Byrne Peter J. , Lee Stephen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThere is remarkably little empirical evidence of the advantages of increased size on risk levels in real estate portfolios based on actual portfolios. This paper improves this by examining the portfolio risk of a large sample of actual real estate data in the UK over the period from 1981 to 1996. The results show that real estate portfolios of larger sizes tend, on average, to have lower risks than smaller sized portfolios and, more importantly, that portfolios with only a few assets can have very high or very low risk. For fund managers to be confident that their portfolio will have a risk level like the average, they need to hold portfolios of a considerably greater size than they might expect, or can sensibly acquire. Previous studies suggesting that only 20–40 properties are needed to reduce the risk of a property portfolio down to the market level are a significant underestimate. The actual figure is likely to be 400–500 properties, well above that of even the largest fund in the UK. Size alone does not necessarily lead to a reduction in portfolio risk. Other factors are of greater importance. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Latent demand and the browsing shopper
Authors: Earl Peter E , Potts Jason 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article explores ways of making sense of unplanned purchases on shopping expeditions without seeing shopping as lacking any systematic foundations or reflecting some kind of pathology. The analysis employs both introspection and inputs from cognitive science and focuses on shifts from planned search to browsing in response to promotional cues encountered whilst navigating malls that are designed to promote browsing behaviour. Browsing is examined both in terms of its socio‐psychological foundations and with respect to a variety of kinds of latent demand. The economic psychology of attention is examined as are a variety of factors that bring browsing processes to a close. The paper concludes with a discussion of the significance of the analysis in terms of the path dependence of economic systems. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The political economy of gambling regulation
Authors: Sauer Raymond D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents an interest group model of gambling regulation and applies it to major changes in the regulation of US gambling markets. Gambling markets are among the most restricted and politicized markets in the American economy, yet economists interested in the economics of regulation have paid them little attention. Applying the economic theory of regulation to gambling markets can lead to greater understanding of current public policy. In addition, this application may shed light on the discipline itself, as to its ability to explain recurrent fluctuations in the extent of regulatory intervention over long periods of time. Broadly speaking, the interest group model is consistent with changes in the extent of regulation, including the recent period of liberalization and consequent growth in gambling. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Latah in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Tanner Caroline M. , Chamberland Jerry 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics of latah in modern Indonesia; to determine whether contemporary latah resembles the syndrome described in the nineteenth century; to compare the syndrome of latah to other disorders featuring tics or exaggerated startle responses.BACKGROUND:Latah, described centuries ago in Malay people, is characterized by an exaggerated motor startle response, often with associated involuntary vocalizations, echolalia, echopraxia, and forced obedience. Modern latah has not been systematically studied.DESIGN AND METHODS:Persons with latah living in Jakarta, Indonesia, were investigated using a standardized, videotaped protocol.RESULTS:Fifteen women were studied. All had exaggerated startle to touch, and 10 to frightening words. Echolalia was seen in 10, echopraxia in 11, and forced obedience in 13. The startle response did not habituate, but instead worsened in response to repeated stimuli. Startle and associated symptoms were only partially suppressible in fewer than half.CONCLUSION:Modern latah resembles that described over a century ago. Latah resembles other disorders with exaggerated startle response, but is clinically distinct from Tourette's Syndrome. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Co‐Occurrence of infantile epileptic seizures and childhood paroxysmal choreoathetosis in one family: Clinical, EEG, and SPECT characterization of episodic events
Authors: Thiriaux Anne , de St Martin Anne , Vercueil Laurent , Battaglia Fabrice , Armspach Jean‐Paul , Hirsch Edouard , Marescaux Christian , Namer Izzie J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe co‐occurrence of infantile convulsions and childhood paroxysmal choreoathetosis (ICCA syndrome) has recently been reported in several families. The pattern of familial clustering observed is consistent with a single locus mutation which has been mapped onto the pericentromeric region of chromosome 16. We studied the main clinical, electroencephalogram (EEG), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) characteristics of episodic events in a new family presenting clinical features similar to that described in the ICCA syndrome. In the first year of life, a mother and her two daughters suffered from rare afebrile seizures lasting from 30 seconds to 15 minutes. Ictal EEG recording in one daughter at 7 months of age showed bilateral polyspikes with a posterior predominance. In the three patients, epileptic seizures regressed within a few weeks, and never reoccurred. At the age of 7 and 12 years, respectively, the two daughters presented daily brief (20 seconds to 1 minute) involuntary choreoathetotic episodes. In 10 of these attacks, EEG did not show any epileptiform abnormalities. In both sisters, an ictal SPECT was performed during a choreoathetotic episode. Subtracting the ictal SPECT from the interictal SPECT coregistered to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed significant modifications in the local cerebral perfusion in the sensorimotor cortex, the supplementary motor areas, and pallidum. Carbamazepine completely suppressed paroxysmal dyskinesias. These observations, together with literature data, suggest that in this syndrome, depending on brain maturation, the same genetic abnormality may result in different paroxysmal neurological symptoms. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Irresistible onset of sleep during acute levodopa challenge in a patient with multiple system atrophy (MSA): Placebo‐controlled, polysomnographic case report
Authors: Högl Birgit , Seppi Klaus , Brandauer Elisabeth , Wenning Gregor , Poewe Werner 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA 67‐year‐old male patient with clinically probable multiple system atrophy developed severe reproducible sleepiness and irresistible onset of sleep during an acute levodopa (L‐dopa) challenge. In a placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study of acuteL‐dopa challenge, videopolysomnography revealed multiple episodes of non‐rapid eye movement sleep 60 minutes afterL‐dopa and none following placebo. These observations suggest the irresistible sleep can also be induced byL‐dopa and also in patients with atypical parkinsonism. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Recent strategies in the development of new human cytomegalovirus inhibitors
Authors: Martinez Ana , Castro Ana , Gil Carmen , Perez Concepcion 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is one of the most common opportunistic infections in immunucompromised individuals, such as AIDS patients and organ transplant recipients, and is the most frequent congenital viral infection in humans. Despite a reduction of the incidence of AIDS‐related opportunistic infections in patients under highly active antiretroviral treatment, attention should be paid to the HCMV risk factor in these individuals. Furthermore, HCMV may have an important role in atherosclerosis. Existing antiviral treatments for the HCMV infection suffer from poor bioavailability, toxicity, and limited effectiveness, mainly due to the development of drug resistance. Fortunately there are novel and potentially very effective new compounds undergoing pre‐clinical and clinical evaluation. This review provides an overview in the last five years of new HCMV inhibitors (chemical structures, SAR, and new mechanisms of action) with the aim to provide new clues for the development of future drugs against this opportunistic virus. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 21, No. 3, 227–244, 2001
Economic impact of a specialist outreach team in residential and nursing home settings
Authors: Richardson Gerald , Davies Linda , South Belinda , Proctor Rebekah , Burns Prof Alistair , Powell Hilary Stratton , Tarrier Prof Nicholas , Faragher Brian 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground: The results of a randomized controlled trial have indicated that a training and educational programme for staff in nursing or residential homes may result in reductions in levels of depression and levels of cognitive impairment for residents presenting with an active management problem. The training and educational intervention consisted of members of a hospital outreach team who presented a series of 1 hour seminars on topics which staff had indicated would improve their knowledge and skills.Aims of the study: The aim of this study was to present an exploratory analysis of the impact on costs associated with providing an old age psychiatry outreach team giving training and education for staff in nursing and residential homes.Method: For the economic study, a societal perspective was employed. Measures of resource use and costs to the health service, social and community services and the nursing and residential homes were analysed for 120 residents from 12 nursing or residential homes, as part of a randomized controlled trial to assess a training package provided in residential and nursing homes. Cost estimates were based on estimates from generalized estimated equations. To allow for clustering effects within homes, the unit of randomization was the home as opposed to the individual. To ensure models were correctly specified, several tests including the Ramsey RESET test were employed.Results: There were no significant differences in the total cost per person in the homes that received the intervention and the control homes. This study has shown that the additional cost of providing the specialist outreach team was likely to be covered by reductions in the use of other resources such as GP visits to nursing and residential homes. Therefore, though the study had limitations, it appeared that improved care could be provided at little or no extra cost.Implications for Health Care Provision and Use: The evidence presented suggests that the specialist outreach team was unlikely to add to the total cost of caring for residents in nursing and residential homes. This finding combined with the benefits in terms of lower levels of depression and cognitive impairment suggested that the intervention was good value for money. The intervention should be considered for use in other nursing and residential homes. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surgery for ischemic pain and Raynaud's' phenomenon in scleroderma: A description of treatment protocol and evaluation of results
Authors: Tomaino Matthew M. , Goitz Robert J. , Medsger Thomas A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough the literature suggests that palmar sympathectomy (PS) with or without vascular reconstruction may improve ischemic digital pain, fingertip ulceration, and cold intolerance in patients with scleroderma, the question regarding long‐term efficacy still remains. This retrospective study of six patients (eight hands) operated on between 1995 and 1997 evaluates both early (6 months) and long‐term (average, 2.5 years) outcome after PS in combination with decompression arteriolysis of the radial and ulnar arteries proximal to the wrist. When preoperative digital blood flow was inadequate based on noninvasive vascular studies and major inflow occlusion was present, vascular reconstruction was also performed when feasible. At early review, significant improvement in ischemic digital pain and moderate improvement in cold intolerance resulted in eight hands, and at final follow‐up, this was sustained in seven hands. Preoperatively, digital ulcerations were present in six hands. After digital debridement and/or amputation, all wounds healed, but in one patient with bilateral disease who continued to smoke, ulcerations recurred without the need for subsequent surgery. Five of six patients were no longer dependent on narcotic analgesics, but use of vasodilator medication did not change. Five of six patients claimed significant improvement in the quality of life after surgery and reported that they would undergo the surgery again. PS in combination with radial and ulnar arteriolysis appears to be efficacious at both early and long‐term review. When major inflow occlusion exists and digital blood flow is compromised, vascular reconstruction is recommended if possible. We review our treatment protocol in this complex population of patients. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 21:75–79 2001
An osteomyocutaneous transplantation model on the rat
Authors: Liao Tai‐Ching , Yeh Lih‐Seng , Chu Rea‐Min , Hou Sheng‐Mou 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo replace the complex and time‐consuming procedure of limb transplantation, we developed a new osteomyocutaneous model that excluded the function but retained all the tissue components of the limb. Ten vascularized grafts from five donor hindlimbs were contralaterally transplanted to 10 syngeneic recipients' inguinal region. The graft of this model is composed of complete tibia and fibula and partial muscle and skin of the crus. The operative time was 145.3 ± 9.1 minutes with the harvesting time of 49.7 ± 5.8 minutes and the warm ischemia time of 65.4 ± 6.0 minutes. The transplantation procedure of this model takes significantly less time and is less stressful to the animals than the previous whole limb transplantation model. This model is suitable for the studies of limb or composite tissue transplantation if functional recovery is not the main concern. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 21:329–332 2001
Junctions of waveguides with capacitance gap
Authors: Komarov Vyacheslav V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe finite‐difference time‐domain method and approximate analytical algorithm are applied for the analysis of junctions of a rectangular T‐septum waveguide and microwave devices on a single‐ridge waveguide. Both approaches demonstrate good agreement at ISM frequencies of 915 MHz and 2.45 GHz when simple junctions of two waveguides with different cross sections are analyzed. Junctions of various waveguides with a capacitance gap may be successfully employed for the design of transitions between such structures and conventional transmission lines. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 368–371, 2001.
A broadband microstrip antenna array for LMDS applications
Authors: Oh Soonsoo , Seo Seongho , Yoon Mikyoung , Oh Changyoul , Kim Eungbae , Kim Youngsik 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, a broadband 20×20 microstrip antenna array is presented. Once a rectangular microstrip patch antenna with parasitic patches as an element antenna has been optimized at 24.2–26.7 GHz, a parallel‐series feed network with minimum feed lengths can be utilized to combine element antennas. From simulation and measurement, the array antenna yields relatively high gains of 26.0–30 dB and narrow 3 dB beamwidths of 4.5–5.1° in theH‐plane and 4.1–7.1° in theE‐plane, respectively, in an LMDS band. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 35–37, 2002.
Investigation of ground bounce effect on PCBs
Authors: Fung L. C. , Leung S. W. , Wan Lixi , Siu Y. M. , Chan K. H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, a “local wave” concept using the generalized 2‐D transmission‐line equation (GTLE) to model the ground bounce (GB) effect in PCBs is described. The model is then used to characterize the GB effect in PCBs for both the power/ground and the trace/ground configuration. Simulation results for both configurations are presented. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 259–264, 2002.
A dual‐band planar inverted‐F patch antenna with a branch‐line slit
Authors: Hsiao Fu‐Ren , Chen Hong‐Twu , Chiou Tzung‐Wern , Lee Gwo‐Yun , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBy embedding a branch‐line slit in the radiating patch of a planar inverted‐F patch antenna, novel 900 and 1800 MHz dual‐band operation is obtained. The embedded branch‐line slit has two branch slits (one long folded slit and one short bent slit) protruding from the main slit which has an open end at the patch boundary. The main slit and the long folded branch slit together strongly meander the excited patch surface currents starting from the feed to the portion of the patch encircled by the folded branch slit, which leads to a significant reduction in the required dimensions for the proposed antenna. In addition, the two operating frequencies have wavelengths corresponding to about 4.0 and 2.0 times the length of the above‐mentioned meandered patch surface current path. The short bent branch slit, on the other hand, mainly serves as a tuning slit for achieving good impedance matching of the two operating frequencies. The proposed antenna and experimental results are described in detail in this paper. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 310–312, 2002.