bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between TEC Perturbations and Rayleigh Waves Associated With 2023 Turkey Earthquake Doublet
Authors: Rao Huan , Chen Chieh‐Hung , Meng Guojie , Liu Jing , Sun Yang‐Yi , Lin Kai , Gao Yongxin , Rapoport Yuriy , Wang Fei , Yisimayili Aisa , Zhang Shengjia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAn earthquake doublet occurred in Turkey on 6 February 2023, with propagating Rayleigh waves triggering perturbations in the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) for both the M 7.8 earthquake (EQ7.8) and the M 7.5 earthquake (EQ7.5). A discrepancy between the velocities of TEC perturbations and Rayleigh waves has been noted, but its causes remain unresolved in previous studies. In this study, we calculated the velocities of TEC perturbations and the frequency‐dependent velocities of Rayleigh waves, considering their intrinsic dispersive characteristics. To retrieve TEC, we utilized ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data from geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellites to mitigate the effects of moving ionospheric pierce points (IPPs) from orbiting satellites. The results reveal that the velocities of TEC perturbations (2.60 km/s for EQ7.8 and 2.77 km/s for EQ7.5) do not align with the velocities of Rayleigh waves across the entire frequency band (2.4–3.0 km/s for EQ7.8 and 2.6–3.5 km/s for EQ7.5). However, they are comparable within specific periods of 10–30 s due to dispersion effects for both EQ7.8 and EQ7.5. The dispersive Rayleigh waves, which exhibit significant amplification in the 10–30 s period range, are identified as the primary source of the pronounced coseismic TEC perturbations, particularly for EQ7.5.
An 800‐Km‐Long Erosional Channel System as a Pathway for Antarctic Bottom Water Abyssal Flow Into the Northwest Atlantic
Authors: Frey D. I. , Zuev O. A. , Mekhova O. S. , Fomin V. V. , Morozov E. G. , Krechik V. A. , Borisov D. G. , Salyuk P. A. , Smirnova D. A. , Ostroumova S. A. , Diansky N. A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Antarctic Bottom Water flow through abyssal channels, fracture zones and troughs contributes to the lower limb of the global ocean meridional overturning circulation. These abyssal flows also control sedimentation processes and form channels, furrows, contourite drifts, and other erosional and depositional seafloor features. Here, we present new measurements that provide observational evidence of an abyssal flow along a more than 800‐km‐long erosional channel in the tropical Atlantic. Our measurements show that the discovered flow provides transport of the coldest abyssal waters into the Northwest Atlantic; the existence of the flow is also shown by a numerical model. The agreement between the observed and simulated flow structures provides a reliable estimate of the coldest water transport to the Northwest Atlantic, confirms the influence of erosional channels on bottom circulation, and increases our confidence in the ability of numerical models to simulate three‐dimensional ocean circulation including its deepest layers.
Contrasting the Intraseasonal Precipitation in the Western and Eastern North Pacific During Boreal Winter
Authors: Huang Jing , Zhang Yang , Wang Xin , Wang Mengling 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe wintertime North Pacific exhibits two types of intraseasonal periodicity in daily precipitation, with a period of 10–20 and 30–90 days in the western and eastern North Pacific. This study aims to identify and compare characteristics and mechanisms of intraseasonal precipitation in these two regions using daily observational data. Our results indicate their notable differences in atmospheric circulations and dynamical processes, despite similarities in moisture sources. A wave train associated with the intraseasonal precipitation in the western North Pacific characterized by anomalous cyclones and anticyclones from West Siberia into the North Pacific is observed, accompanied by anomalous wave activity. By diagnosing local finite‐amplitude wave activity (LWA) budget, we demonstrate that the baroclinic eddy generation initiates the upstream growth of wave activity, whereas its downstream development is primarily attributed to the zonal advection of wave train. The upstream wave train induces barotropic and baroclinic instabilities in Kuroshio‐Oyashio extension (KOE). In contrast, the anomalous atmospheric circulations related to intraseasonal precipitation in the eastern North Pacific feature a tripolar structure, with downstream propagation of wave activity from the eastern North Pacific to the North American continent. Diabatic heating, along with local eddy generation, contributes to the upstream growth of wave activity. Residual term, possibly linked to the wave activity dissipation associated with wave breaking, extends the wave activity downstream. Thermal and baroclinic instabilities, associated with the diabatic heating and local eddy generation, create favorable conditions for the precipitation. This study may contribute to the improvement of intraseasonal precipitation prediction over the pan‐North Pacific region.
ENSO and QBO Controls the Favorableness of the MJO Realization Cooperatively
Authors: Takasuka Daisuke , Kohyama Tsubasa , Suematsu Tamaki , Miura Hiroaki 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe examine a mechanism of the interannual variability of the realization frequency of the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO). The activity of boreal‐winter MJO realization is quantified by the number of MJO active days during the tracking of the real‐time multivariate MJO index. In active years of MJO realization (MJO‐A), multiple MJOs are initiated in the Indian Ocean (IO) and they propagate into the western Pacific (WP), but not so in inactive years (MJO‐IA). This contrast is explained by whether vertical moisture advection over the WP is disrupted or not. It is related to differences in boreal‐winter mean convection and circulations: MJO‐A (MJO‐IA) years are characterized by enhanced and suppressed (suppressed and enhanced) convection over the WP/IO and Maritime Continent (MC), respectively. This modulation results from combined effects of the El Niño‐Southern oscillation (ENSO) and quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO). During moderate‐to‐strong El Niño, MJO is realized actively irrespective of QBO, if no additional convective suppression over the eastern IO and/or MC due to other forcing such as a positive Indian Ocean Dipole mode. During other ENSO phases, stronger QBO‐easterly phases favor MJO realization irrespective of ENSO. This QBO–MJO connection except for El Niño conditions is due to zonally heterogeneous QBO impacts that the seasonal mean static stability change near the tropopause over the WP alters the mean convective activity there. This zonal heterogeneity and ENSO phase‐dependency of QBO impacts is interpreted with a focus on vertical propagation of Kelvin wave structure over the MC, affected by both QBO winds and background Walker circulations.
Control of Groundwater‐Lake Interaction Zone Structure on Spatial Variability of Lacustrine Groundwater Discharge in Oxbow Lake
Authors: Sun Xiaoliang , Du Yao , Xu Jiawen , Tian Hao , Deng Yamin , Gan Yiqun , Wang Yanxin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) is an important water and nutrient source for lakes. Despite its importance, high‐resolution quantifying the spatial variability of LGD remains challenging. Particularly, little studies have explored the impact of the interaction zone structure between lakes and aquifers on this variability. Present study presents a high‐resolution quantitative estimation of LGD spatial patterns in an oxbow lake by combining thermal remote sensing with a 222Rn mass balance model. The vertical distribution characteristics of various parameters including lake water temperature, 222Rn concentration, electrical conductivity, and δ18O were examined to elucidate the influence of groundwater on the distribution pattern of lake surface temperature (LST). Regression equations were formulated to correlate LST with lake water 222Rn concentration across different water depth zones, enabling the inverse calculation of the 222Rn concentration in the water of the entire lake. Utilizing a 222Rn mass balance model across all grid points, the LGD rate was determined to vary from 0 to 330.96 mm/d, with an average of 55.02 ± 19.61 mm/d. In shallow water zones, the accumulation of lacustrine sediments has resulted in isolation from confined aquifers, causing LGD to primarily occur as springs in nearshore lake areas. Conversely, the direct connection between the deepwater zone of the lake and the water‐rich confined aquifer has resulted in a higher LGD rate in the lake interior. Present study not only offers a novel approach for quantifying the spatial patterns of LGD but also provides valuable insights for LGD studies conducted in lakes globally.
Capillary condensation-driven growth of perovskite nanowire arrays for multi-functional photodetector
Authors: Hu Gangjian , Guo Jiajun , Jiang Jizhong , Wang Lei , Zhang Jiaqi , Chen Hongxu , Lou Gangning , Wei Wei , Shen Liang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Metal-halide perovskite nanowire array photodetectors based on the solution method are valuable in the field of polarized light detection because of their unique one-dimensional array structure and excellent photoelectric performance. However, the limited wettability of liquids poses challenges for achieving large-scale and high-quality perovskite nanowire arrays. To address this issue, we develop a facile method utilizing capillary condensation to grow high-quality centimeter-scale perovskite nanowire arrays. Based on these nanowires, the fabricated photodetector showcases specific detectivities of 1.95 × 1013 jones, surpassing commercially available silicon detectors in weak-light detection capabilities. The weak-light imaging capability of our nanowire photodetectors has been successfully demonstrated at intensities below 54 nW/cm2. Moreover, the nanowire arrays also display excellent polarization absorption characteristics, promising applications in polarized light detection. Notably, the perovskite nanowire arrays can be grown on flexible substrates by employing capillary condensation, which retains 83% of their properties after 2000 bending cycles. This research enhances the potential of perovskite nanowire arrays photodetector in practical applications.
The TLR7/9 adaptors TASL and TASL2 mediate IRF5-dependent antiviral responses and autoimmunity in mouse
Authors: Drobek Ales , Bernaleau Léa , Delacrétaz Maeva , Calderon Copete Sandra , Royer-Chardon Claire , Longepierre Mélissa , Monguió-Tortajada Marta , Korzeniowski Jakub , Rotman Samuel , Marquis Julien , Rebsamen Manuele 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Endosomal nucleic acid sensing by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is central to antimicrobial immunity and several autoimmune conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The innate immune adaptor TASL mediates, via the interaction with SLC15A4, the activation of IRF5 downstream of human TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9, but the pathophysiological functions of this axis remain unexplored. Here we show that SLC15A4 deficiency results in a selective block of TLR7/9-induced IRF5 activation, while loss of TASL leads to a strong but incomplete impairment, which depends on the cell type and TLR engaged. This residual IRF5 activity is ascribed to a previously uncharacterized paralogue, Gm6377, named here TASL2. Double knockout of TASL and TASL2 (TASLDKO) phenocopies SLC15A4-deficient feeble mice showing comparable impairment of innate and humoral responses. Consequently, TASLDKO mice fail to control chronic LCMV infection, while being protected in a pristane-induced SLE disease model. Our study thus demonstrates the critical pathophysiological role of SLC15A4 and TASL/TASL2 for TLR7/9-driven inflammatory responses, further supporting the therapeutic potential of targeting this complex in SLE and related diseases.
In-situ probing of the Fischer-Tropsch reaction on Co single crystal surfaces up to 1 bar
Authors: Lömker Patrick , Degerman David , Goodwin Christopher M. , Shipilin Mikhail , Amann Peter , Rodrigues Gabriel L. S. , Garcia-Martinez Fernando , Rameshan Raffael , Gladh Jörgen , Wang Hsin-Yi , Soldemo Markus , Holm Alexander , Tober Steffen , Schober Jan-Christian , Jacobse Leon , Vonk Vedran , Gleißner Robert , Noei Heshmat , Hegedues Zoltan , Stierle Andreas , Schlueter Christoph , Nilsson Anders 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The surface chemistry of the Fischer-Tropsch catalytic reaction over Co has still several unknows. Here, we report an in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of Co

$$\left(0001\right)$$

0001

and Co(

$$10\bar{1}4$$

10

1

¯

4

), and in-situ high energy surface X-ray diffraction of Co

$$\left(0001\right),$$

0001

,

during the Fischer-Tropsch reaction at 0.15 bar - 1 bar and 406 K - 548 K in a H2/CO gas mixture. We find that these Co surfaces remain metallic under all conditions and that the coverage of chemisorbed species ranges from 0.4–1.7 monolayers depending on pressure and temperature. The adsorbates include CO on-top, C/-CxHy and various longer hydrocarbon molecules, indicating a rate-limiting direct CO dissociation pathway and that only hydrocarbon species participate in the chain growth. The accumulation of hydrocarbon species points to the termination step being rate-limiting also. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the intermediate surface species are highly dynamic, appearing and disappearing with time delays after rapid changes in the reactants’ composition.
Tradeoffs in automated financial regulation of decentralized finance due to limits on mutable turing machines
Authors: Charoenwong Ben , Kirby Robert M. , Reiter Jonathan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We examine which decentralized finance architectures enable meaningful regulation by combining financial and computational theory. We show via deduction that a decentralized and permissionless Turing-complete system cannot provably comply with regulations concerning anti-money laundering, know-your-client obligations, some securities restrictions and forms of exchange control. Any system that claims to follow regulations must choose either a form of permission or a less-than-Turing-complete update facility. Compliant decentralized systems can be constructed only by compromising on the richness of permissible changes. Regulatory authorities must accept new tradeoffs that limit their enforcement powers if they want to approve permissionless platforms formally. Our analysis demonstrates that the fundamental constraints of computation theory have direct implications for financial regulation. By mapping regulatory requirements onto computational models, we characterize which types of automated compliance are achievable and which are provably impossible. This framework allows us to move beyond traditional debates about regulatory effectiveness to establish concrete boundaries for automated enforcement.
Thermoelectric properties of a quantum dot attached to normal metal and topological superconductor
Authors: Trocha Piotr , Jonckheere Thibaut , Rech Jérôme , Martin Thierry 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The thermoelectric properties of hybrid systems based on a single-level quantum dot coupled to a normal-metal/half-metallic lead and attached to a topological superconductor wire are investigated. The topological superconductor wire is modeled by a spinless p-wave superconductor which hosts both a Majorana bound state at its extremity and above gap quasiparticle excitations. The main interest of our investigation is to study the interplay of sub-gap and single-particle tunneling processes and their contributions to the thermoelectric response of the considered system. The above gap tunneling driven by a temperature gradient is responsible for relatively large thermopower, whereas sub-gap processes only indirectly influence the thermoelectric response. The thermoelectric coefficients, including electric conductance, Seebeck coefficient (thermopower), heat conductance, and figure of merit, are calculated by means of the non-equilibrium Green’s function technique and the temperature dependence of the superconducting gap is considered within the BCS theory. We also consider the system out of equilibrium working as a heat engine. The output power and the corresponding efficiency are presented. Interestingly, under certain conditions, it is possible to extract more power in the superconducting phase than in the normal phase, with comparable efficiency.
A study on the overall variance and void architecture on MEX-PLA tensile properties through printing parameter optimisation
Authors: Faizaan Mirza , Shenoy Baloor Satish , Nunna Srinivas , Mallya Ravindra , Rao Udupi Sathish , Ramanath Kini Chandrakant , Kada Sitarama Raju , Creighton Claudia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the influence of printing parameters on the tensile properties and void architecture of poly(lactic) acid (PLA) parts fabricated using the fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique. Two Taguchi optimisation methods were employed to identify the optimal parameter combinations for maximising tensile performance. The results revealed a positive correlation between tensile performance and nozzle diameter (ND). Notably, the analysis of the coefficient of variance (COV) studies revealed that both tensile strength and modulus exhibited minimal variation within a tight range of 5.5%, suggesting a high degree of process consistency in achieving desired mechanical properties regardless of the chosen parameters within the investigated range. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis was used to quantify void characteristics within the as-printed samples. Micro-CT analysis confirmed the influence of ND and layer thickness (LT) on void architecture. By establishing structure–property relationships, the study revealed that larger NDs paired with finer LTs yielded superior tensile properties due to reduced void content. This work highlights the interplay between printing parameters, void architecture, and the resulting mechanical behaviour of MEX-based PLA parts.
Critical raw material-free multi-principal alloy design for a net-zero future
Authors: Singh Swati , Bai Mingwen , Matthews Allan , Goel Saurav , Joshi Shrikrishna N. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Refractory High-Entropy Alloys (RHEAs), such as NbMoTaW, MoNbTaVW, HfNbTaZr, Re0.1Hf0.25NbTaW0.4, Nb40Ti25Al15V10Ta5Hf3W2, Ti

x

NbMoTaW (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1), and 3d transition metal HEAs such as Al10.3Co17Cr7.5Fe9Ni48.6Ti5.8Ta0.6Mo0.8W0.4 have demonstrated superior performance compared to traditional superalloys, particularly in high-temperature applications for engine components. However, the development of these alloys often depends on critical raw materials (CRMs) such as Ta, W, Nb, Hf, and others. The reliance on critical raw materials (CRMs) not only generates substantial emissions during recycling processes but also imposes considerable risks across global supply chains, hindering the pursuit of Net-zero ambitions. In this pioneering work, we unveil an inventive approach to inversely predict novel multicomponent alloy compositions, meticulously crafted to eliminate CRMs while achieving hardness levels comparable to those of CRM-containing multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs). A robust machine learning (ML) model was developed using a computational database of 3,608 entries, covering unary and binary materials from the Thermo-Calc 2024a software. Among various ML models, the Extra Trees Regressor (ETR) exhibited superior performance and was integrated with metaheuristic optimization techniques to identify novel MPEA compositions. The Cuckoo Search Optimization (CSO) method produced reduced-CRM MPEAs that closely matched Thermo-Calc predictions, with an error margin below ± 20%. To assess the efficacy of these reduced-CRM MPEAs, we compared the hardness of newly synthesized MPEA with CRM-containing counterparts reported in the literature, particularly those with high-risk critical raw materials like Niobium (Nb) and Tantalum (Ta). For example, the CoCrFeNb0.309Ni alloy, which includes CRMs Nb and Co exhibits a Vickers hardness of 480 HV. In contrast, our proposed composition, Ti0.01111NiFe0.4Cu0.4 achieves a comparable hardness of 488 HV without using a CRM. Our objective was not to develop high hardness alloy but to facilitate the development of reduced-CRM multi-principal element alloys (R-CRM-MPEAs). We validated our computational approach through the experimental synthesis of an FCC-phase alloy, Al6.25Cu18.75Fe25Co25Ni25. Thermo-Calc evaluation and ML model predictions of the Vickers hardness showed excellent agreement with the experimental hardness values, which lends credence to our approach. In conclusion, this study provides a robust framework for accelerating the discovery of novel R-CRM-MPEAs, effectively addressing challenges related to supply chain vulnerabilities, import dependence, and related environmental concerns.
Acoustic lattice resonances and generalised Rayleigh–Bloch waves
Authors: Chaplain G. J. , Hawkins S. C. , Peter M. A. , Bennetts L. G. , Starkey T. A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The intrigue of waves on periodic lattices and gratings has resonated with physicists and mathematicians alike for decades. In-depth analysis has been devoted to the seemingly simplest array system: a one-dimensionally periodic lattice of two-dimensional scatterers embedded in a dispersionless medium governed by the Helmholtz equation. We investigate such a system and experimentally confirm the existence of a new class of generalised Rayleigh–Bloch waves that have been recently theorised to exist in classical wave regimes, without the need for resonant scatterers. Airborne acoustics serves as such a regime and we experimentally observe the first generalised Rayleigh–Bloch waves above the first cut-off, i.e., in the radiative regime. We consider radiative acoustic lattice resonances along a diffraction grating and connect them to generalised Rayleigh–Bloch waves by considering both short and long arrays of non-resonant 2D cylindrical Neumann scatterers embedded in air. On short arrays, we observe finite lattice resonances under continuous wave excitation, and on long arrays, we observe propagating Rayleigh–Bloch waves under pulsed excitation. We interpret their existence by considering multiple wave scattering theory and, in doing so, unify differing nomenclatures used to describe waves on infinite periodic and finite arrays and the interpretation of their dispersive properties.
Astrocyte-to-neuron H2O2 signalling supports long-term memory formation in Drosophila and is impaired in an Alzheimer’s disease model
Authors: Rabah Yasmine , Berwick Jean-Paul , Sagar Nisrine , Pasquer Laure , Plaçais Pierre-Yves , Preat Thomas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Astrocytes help protect neurons from potential damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). While ROS can also exert beneficial effects, it remains unknown how neuronal ROS signalling is activated during memory formation, and whether astrocytes play a role in this process. Here we discover an astrocyte-to-neuron H2O2 signalling cascade in Drosophila that is essential for long-term memory formation. Stimulation of astrocytes by acetylcholine induces an increase in intracellular calcium ions, which triggers the generation of extracellular superoxide (O2•–) by astrocytic NADPH oxidase. Astrocyte-secreted superoxide dismutase 3 (Sod3) converts O2•– to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is imported into neurons of the olfactory memory centre, the mushroom body, as revealed by in vivo H2O2 imaging. Notably, Sod3 activity requires copper ions, which are supplied by neuronal amyloid precursor protein. We also find that human amyloid-β peptide, implicated in Alzheimer’s disease, inhibits the nAChRα7 astrocytic cholinergic receptor and impairs memory formation by preventing H2O2 synthesis. These findings may have important implications for understanding the aetiology of Alzheimer’s disease.