bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions and feelings of a French sample regarding lung cancer screening
Authors: Darnaud Nicolas , Mory Jean-Eudes , Romy Pascal , Berger Jacques , Eve Karine , Lantheaume Sophie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
This study investigated the perceptions and feelings of a French sample about the possible introduction of lung cancer screening.

Methods
A total of 146 individuals, aged between 19- and 64-years, participated in this study conducted between November 2020 and January 2021. Participants were divided into three groups according to their smoking status: (i) active smokers (G1); former smokers (G2); and non-smokers (G3). Each individual completed an online questionnaire evaluating their perceptions and feelings about lung cancer, screening and scans.

Results
Overall, a higher percentage of former smokers (47%) indicated a greater willingness to participate in lung cancer screening compared to active smokers (19%) and non-smokers (32%). Active smokers and former smokers reported anxiety about the development of lung cancer. Active smokers who wished to participate in screening reported a greater motivation to reduce their tobacco consumption. The perception of lung cancer risk had less influence than age and socio-economic category on the participation in screening. Finally, stigma did not appear to be a barrier to undergoing screening.

Conclusion
Active and former smokers were generally optimistic about screening; however, active smokers showed less inclination to participate in screening compared to former smokers and non-smokers. Three main factors appeared to influence this participation: the perception of the risk of developing cancer, age and socio-economic category.
The short-term impact of terrorism on public mental health: an emergency primary care approach
Authors: Nilsen Lisa Govasli , Wentzel-Larsen Tore , Stene Lise Eilin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Terrorist attacks commonly have mental health consequences for those directly affected. Existing research is, however, divided when it comes to how and whether terrorist attacks affect the general population’s mental health. There is a need for studies investigating a broader range of mental health reactions to understand more about how different groups of the population are affected by terrorist attacks, while also illuminating important systemic factors.

Methods
In this study we investigated whether there was any change in the number of consultations with out-of-hours emergency primary care for psychological reactions in association with the 2011 terrorist attacks in Norway. Data covering the entire Norwegian population’s primary care contacts in 2008–2013, where the reason for encounter was coded as psychological concerns or psychiatric disorders, were studied. A time series intervention analysis, using ARIMA modelling, was used to estimate whether there was indeed a change in healthcare utilisation associated with the terrorist attacks.

Results
The analysis uncovered an increase in contacts with emergency primary care by the overall population for mental health concerns associated with the terrorist attacks. When divided into groups according to geographical proximity to attacks, no significant change was found in the area closest to the attack in Oslo, whereas an increase was found for the rest of the country. There was also heterogeneity across different age groups. An increase was found among youths, young adults, and middle-aged people, but not the other age groups, and an increase was found for both men and women.

Conclusions
These findings highlight the need for primary care services to be prepared to meet mental health reactions in the general population when planning for healthcare provision in the aftermath of terrorism. Simultaneously, it should be noted that needs may vary across different groups of the population.
Association between number of children and incident heart disease and stroke in parents – results from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)
Authors: Girschik Carolin , Stolpe Susanne , Kowall Bernd 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
In former studies, parity was associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in parents. This study aims to extend the limited existing data regarding the association between the number of children and heart disease and/or stroke in a large longitudinal study in different European countries in both men and women.

Methods
For 42 075 subjects (18 080 men, 23 995 women; median age 58 years (interquartile range: 53 to 65)) from 19 European countries and Israel in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), odds ratios (OR) for the association between number of children and incident self-reported heart disease and/or stroke (HDS) were estimated using logistic regression analyses. Persons with one or two children were used as reference. The final model was adjusted for baseline age, sex, education, region, and marital status. All analyses were stratified by sex.

Results
Women with seven or more children had the highest OR for the association between the number of children and incident HDS (OR = 2.12 [95% CI: 1.51 to 2.98]), while men with six children showed the highest OR (OR = 1.62 [1.13 to 2.33]). Stratified by education, across all education levels, men and women with five or more children had the highest ORs for this association. The highest OR was observed in both women and men in the group with primary education (OR = 1.66 [1.29 to 2.15] and OR = 1.60 [1.19 to 2.14], respectively). Stratified by region, both men and women with five or more children showed the highest ORs in Southern Europe (OR = 2.07 [1.52 to 2.82] and OR = 1.75 [1.25 to 2.44], respectively).

Conclusion
In this long-term follow-up study in various countries in Europe and Israel we found a positive association between number of children and incident HDS. This association was more pronounced in lower educated subjects and showed regional variations.
The health and wellbeing of Australian social housing tenants compared to people living in other types of housing
Authors: Freund Megan , Clapham Matthew , Ooi Jia Ying , Adamson David , Boyes Allison , Sanson-Fisher Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Although social housing provides access to safe and affordable housing, recent studies have found that social housing tenants consistently have lower levels of health and well-being compared to other people. Given this, there is a need to examine multimorbidity for social housing tenants.

Methods
Secondary data analysis of the 2017-18 Australian National Health Survey (n = 14,327) compared the health of adults residing in social housing compared to people in other housing types (private rentals, homeowners, and homeowners/mortgagees).

Results
Most health factors examined were more prevalent in social housing tenants compared to those living in other housing types. Individual health problems identified as more highly prevalent in social housing tenants compared to all other housing types included mental health issues (43%), arthritis (36%), back problems (32%), hypertension (25%), asthma (22%) and COPD (11%). 24% of social housing tenants reported five or more health factors compared to 3–6% of people in other housing types.

Conclusions
Although these findings are not unexpected, they provide more detailed evidence that social housing providers and policy makers should consider when planning future initiatives.
Seminal papers in urology: maintenance Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy for recurrent Ta, T1 and carcinoma in situ transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a randomized southwest oncology group study (SWOG-8507)
Authors: Tempo Jake , Bolton Damien , O’Callaghan Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe South West Oncology Group’s 2000 randomised-control trial investigated the addition of maintenance intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) to non-muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma (NMIUC) treatment. The results were published when the efficacy of BCG immunotherapy maintenance was unclear.Randomisation produced two arms, each containing 192 patients assessed to be at high risk of recurrence following induction BCG therapy for NMIUC. The treatment arm went on to receive three successive weekly intravesical and percutaneous BCG administrations at three months, six months and then six monthly for three years from the start of induction therapy.Recurrence free-survival (RFS), was higher in the maintenance arm with 41% (95%CI 35–49) RFS at five years in the control arm and 60% RFS (53–67 95% CI) in the maintenance arm (p < 0.0001). Only 16% of patients in the treatment arm received all of the scheduled maintenance courses of BCG.The study’s seminal results correlate with contemporary systematic review and have guided international guidelines.
Long-term effects on healthcare utilisation among spouses of persons with stroke
Authors: Labori Frida , Bonander Carl , Svensson Mikael , Persson Josefine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Stroke is a common and costly disease affecting the person with stroke and their relatives. If the negative effect on the health of informal caregivers to a person with stroke translates into an increased healthcare consumption has not yet been studied. Further, the importance of including costs and health consequences of informal caregiving in health economic evaluation supporting decision-making is an ongoing discussion. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the long-term effect on healthcare utilisation among spouses of persons with a first-ever stroke.

Method
The study population consists of spouses of persons with first-ever stroke events in 2010–2011 and a reference population matched on age, sex and municipality of residence. We have access to information on healthcare utilisation five years before and five years after the stroke event for the whole study population. Using a difference-in-difference approach, the main analysis estimates the effects on primary and specialist outpatient care visits and days with inpatient care per year. Further, we analyse the healthcare utilisation among spouses depending on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of the person with stroke.

Results
Our main analysis indicates that spouses have slightly more days with inpatient care five years after the stroke event than the reference population (p = 0.03). In contrast, spouses have fewer primary and specialist outpatient care visits than the reference population following the stroke event. In the analysis where spouses’ healthcare utilisation is analysed according to the mRS status of the person with stroke, we identify the most notable change in the number of visits to specialist outpatient and days with inpatient care among spouses of persons with mRS 3 (dependency in daily activities).

Conclusion
Our study suggests that being the spouse of a person with stroke has minor effects on healthcare utilisation. Further, healthcare utilisation is most affected among the spouses of persons with stroke and dependency in daily activities (mRS 3). According to our results, it does not seem vital to include spouses of persons with stroke healthcare utilisation in health economic evaluations.
Addressing complexity when developing an education program for the implementation of a stroke Electronic Medical Record (EMR) enhancement
Authors: Robertson Samantha T. , Rosbergen Ingrid C. M. , Brauer Sandra G. , Grimley Rohan S. , Burton-Jones Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Digital interventions in health services often fail due to an underappreciation of the complexity of the implementation. This study develops an approach to address complexity through an evidenced-based, theory-driven education and implementation program for an Electronic Medical Record (EMR) digital enhancement for acute stroke care.

Methods
An action research approach was used to design, develop, and execute the education and implementation program over several phases, with iterative changes over time. The study involved collaboration with multiple statewide and local key stakeholders and was conducted across two tertiary teaching hospitals and a regional hospital in Australia.

Results
Insights were gained over five phases. Phase 1 involved a review of evidence that supported blended learning strategies for the education and training of staff end-users. In Phase 2, contextual assessment was conducted via observation of study sites, providing awareness of local context variability and insight into key implementation considerations. The Non-adoption, Abandonment, Scale-Up, Spread and Sustainability (NASSS) framework assisted in Phase 3 to identify and manage the key domains of complexity. Phase 4 involved the design of the program which included group-based training and an e-learning package, endorsed and evaluated by key leaders. Throughout implementation in Phase 5, further barriers were identified, and iterative changes were tailored to each context.

Conclusions
The NASSS framework, combined with a multi-phased approach employing blended learning techniques, context evaluations, and iterative modifications, can serve as a model for generating theory-driven and evidence-based education strategies that adresss the complexity of the implementation process and context.
Evidence for widespread existence of functional novel and non-canonical human transcripts
Authors: Xu Dongyang , Tang Lu , Zhou Junjun , Wang Fang , Cao Huifen , Huang Yu , Kapranov Philipp 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundFraction of functional sequence in the human genome remains a key unresolved question in Biology and the subject of vigorous debate. While a plethora of studies have connected a significant fraction of human DNA to various biochemical processes, the classical definition of function requires evidence of effects on cellular or organismal fitness that such studies do not provide. Although multiple high-throughput reverse genetics screens have been developed to address this issue, they are limited to annotated genomic elements and suffer from non-specific effects, arguing for a strong need to develop additional functional genomics approaches.ResultsIn this work, we established a high-throughput lentivirus-based insertional mutagenesis strategy as a forward genetics screen tool in aneuploid cells. Application of this approach to human cell lines in multiple phenotypic screens suggested the presence of many yet uncharacterized functional elements in the human genome, represented at least in part by novel exons of known and novel genes. The novel transcripts containing these exons can be massively, up to thousands-fold, induced by specific stresses, and at least some can represent bi-cistronic protein-coding mRNAs.ConclusionsAltogether, these results argue that many unannotated and non-canonical human transcripts, including those that appear as aberrant splice products, have biological relevance under specific biological conditions.
Exploring the hypolipidemic effects of bergenin from Saxifraga melanocentra Franch: mechanistic insights and potential for hyperlipidemia treatment
Authors: Zhang Li , Tong Yingying , Fang Yan , Pei Jinjin , Wang Qilan , Li Gang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective
The goal of this study was to explore the hypolipidemic effects of bergenin extracted from Saxifraga melanocentra Franch (S. melanocentra), which is a frequently utilized Tibetan medicinal plant known for its diverse bioactivities. Establishing a quality control system for black stem saxifrage is crucial to ensure the rational utilization of its medicinal resources.

Methods
A one-step polyamide medium-pressure liquid chromatography technique was applied to isolate and prepare bergenin from a methanol extract of S. melanocentra. A zebrafish model of hyperlipidemia was used to investigate the potential hypolipidemic effects of bergenin.

Results
The results revealed that bergenin exhibited substantial hypo efficacy in vivo. Specifically, bergenin significantly reduced the levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) while simultaneously increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels. At the molecular level, bergenin exerted its effects by inhibiting the expression of FASN, SREBF1, HMGCRα, RORα, LDLRα, IL-1β, and TNF while promoting the expression of IL-4 at the transcriptional level. Molecular docking analysis further demonstrated the strong binding affinity of bergenin to proteins such as FASN, SREBF1, HMGCRα, RORα, LDLRα, IL-4, IL-1β, and TNF.

Conclusions
Findings indicate that bergenin modulates lipid metabolism by regulating lipid and cholesterol synthesis as well as inflammatory responses through signaling pathways associated with FASN, SREBF1, and RORα. These results position bergenin as a potential candidate for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
Plant-derived nanovesicles: harnessing nature's power for tissue protection and repair
Authors: Chen Xiaohang , Xing Xiaojie , Lin Shuoqi , Huang Liyu , He Lianghang , Zou Yuchun , Zhang Xuyang , Su Bohua , Lu Youguang , Zheng Dali 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTissue damage and aging lead to dysfunction, disfigurement, and trauma, posing significant global challenges. Creating a regenerative microenvironment to resist external stimuli and induce stem cell differentiation is essential. Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) are naturally bioactive lipid bilayer nanovesicles that contain proteins, lipids, ribonucleic acid, and metabolites. They have shown potential in promoting cell growth, migration, and differentiation into various types of tissues. With immunomodulatory, microbiota regulatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging bioactivities, PDNVs are valuable in resisting external stimuli and facilitating tissue repair. The unique structure of PDNVs provides an optimal platform for drug encapsulation, and surface modifications enhance their stability and specificity. Moreover, by employing synergistic administration strategies, PDNVs can maximize their therapeutic potential. This review summarized the progress and prospects of PDNVs as regenerative tools, provided insights into their selection for repair activities based on existing studies, considered the key challenge for clinical application, and anticipated their continued prominent role in the field of biomedicine.
Graphical Abstract
Device-measured movement behaviours in over 20,000 China Kadoorie Biobank participants
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Chan Shing , Bennett Derrick , Chen Xiaofang , Wu Xianping , Ke Yalei , Lv Jun , Sun Dianjianyi , Pan Lang , Pei Pei , Yang Ling , Chen Yiping , Chen Junshi , Chen Zhengming , Li Liming , Du Huaidong , Yu Canqing , Doherty Aiden ,   on behalf of the China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Movement behaviours, including physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep have been shown to be associated with several chronic diseases. However, they have not been objectively measured in large-scale prospective cohort studies in low-and middle-income countries. We aim to describe the patterns of device-measured movement behaviours collected in the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study.

Methods
During 2020 and 2021, a random subset of 25,087 surviving CKB individuals participated in the 3rd resurvey of the CKB. Among them, 22,511 (89.7%) agreed to wear an Axivity AX3 wrist-worn triaxial accelerometer for seven consecutive days to assess their habitual movement behaviours. We developed a machine-learning model to infer time spent in four movement behaviours [i.e. sleep, sedentary behaviour, light intensity physical activity (LIPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)]. Descriptive analyses were performed for wear-time compliance and patterns of movement behaviours by different participant characteristics.

Results
Data from 21,897 participants (aged 65.4 ± 9.1 years; 35.4% men) were received for demographic and wear-time analysis, with a median wear-time of 6.9 days (IQR: 6.1–7.0). Among them, 20,370 eligible participants were included in movement behavior analyses. On average, they had 31.1 mg/day (total acceleration) overall activity level, accumulated 7.7 h/day (32.3%) of sleep time, 8.8 h/day (36.6%) sedentary, 5.7 h/day (23.9%) in light physical activity, and 104.4 min/day (7.2%) in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. There was an inverse relationship between age and overall acceleration with an observed decline of 5.4 mg/day (17.4%) per additional decade. Women showed a higher activity level than men (32.3 vs 28.8 mg/day) and there was a marked geographical disparity in the overall activity level and time allocation.

Conclusions
This is the first large-scale accelerometer data collected among Chinese adults, which provides rich and comprehensive information about device-measured movement behaviour patterns. This resource will enhance our knowledge about the potential relevance of different movement behaviours for chronic disease in Chinese adults.
TIE1 and TEK signalling, intraocular pressure, and primary open-angle glaucoma: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Rajasundaram Skanda , Zebardast Nazlee , Mehta Puja , Khawaja Anthony P. , Warwick Alasdair , Duchinski Katherine , Burgess Stephen , Gill Dipender , Segrè Ayellet V. , Wiggs Janey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
In primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only proven way of slowing vision loss. Schlemm’s canal (SC) is a hybrid vascular and lymphatic vessel that mediates aqueous humour drainage from the anterior ocular chamber. Animal studies support the importance of SC endothelial angiopoietin-TEK signalling, and more recently TIE1 signalling, in maintaining normal IOP. However, human genetic support for a causal role of TIE1 and TEK signalling in lowering IOP is currently lacking.

Methods
GWAS summary statistics were obtained for plasma soluble TIE1 (sTIE1) protein levels (N = 35,559), soluble TEK (sTEK) protein levels (N = 35,559), IOP (N = 139,555) and POAG (Ncases = 16,677, Ncontrols = 199,580). Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed to estimate the association of genetically proxied TIE1 and TEK protein levels with IOP and POAG liability. Where significant MR estimates were obtained, genetic colocalization was performed to assess the probability of a shared causal variant (PPshared) versus distinct (PPdistinct) causal variants underlying TIE1/TEK signalling and the outcome. Publicly available single-nucleus RNA-sequencing data were leveraged to investigate differential expression of TIE1 and TEK in the human ocular anterior segment.

Results
Increased genetically proxied TIE1 signalling and TEK signalling associated with a reduction in IOP (− 0.21 mmHg per SD increase in sTIE1, 95% CI = − 0.09 to − 0.33 mmHg, P = 6.57 × 10–4, and − 0.14 mmHg per SD decrease in sTEK, 95% CI = − 0.03 to − 0.25 mmHg, P = 0.011), but not with POAG liability. Colocalization analysis found that the probability of a shared causal variant was greater for TIE1 and IOP than for TEK and IOP (PPshared/(PPdistinct + PPshared) = 0.98 for TIE1 and 0.30 for TEK). In the anterior segment, TIE1 and TEK were preferentially expressed in SC, lymphatic, and vascular endothelium.

Conclusions
This study provides novel human genetic support for a causal role of both TIE1 and TEK signalling in regulating IOP. Here, combined evidence from cis-MR and colocalization analyses provide stronger support for TIE1 than TEK as a potential IOP-lowering therapeutic target.