bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leptospirosis Associated Digital Gangrene of Lower Extremities: Two
Cases and Review of Literature
Authors: Dinkar Anju , Singh Jitendra , Yadav Mahima 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Leptospirosis is the most common zoonotic illness worldwide, caused by
pathogenic spirochete bacteria called Leptospira. It is clinically presented with mild to moderate in
most cases. However, sometimes, the course may be severe with multiorgan dysfunction.

Case Presentation:
We present two rare cases of leptospirosis with peripheral dry gangrene of the
lower extremities. A 25-year-old male, farmer by occupation without any significant past medical
history had been diagnosed with a case of leptospirosis that complicated to digital gangrene on 15
days of illness during hospitalization. Another 21-year-old male student was admitted for leptospirosis
and developed digital gangrene on 19 days of illness. All clinical findings were resolved on the
steroid.

Conclusion:
Apart from a high index of suspicion and awareness of unusual manifestations, serology
plays a vital role in making an accurate and quick diagnosis to initiate appropriate therapy.
Biological Activities and Nanoparticle Synthesis of Dioscorea bulbifera and
its Mechanistic Action - An Extensive Review
Authors: Yadav Sangilimuthu Alagar , Hasan Shiek , Gnanaselvan Suvathika , Baskaran Santhoshraman , Danaraj Jayapragash 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Dioscorea bulbifera is commonly known as air potato present in the tropical
and subtropical regions. It is a perennial climber traditionally used for various therapeutic purposes
by traditional healers. This review explores various medicinal uses of D. bulbifera and its active
ingredients, as well as describes its nanoparticle synthesis for medical applications.

Methods:
The Google Scholar search engine was used to conduct this comprehensive review along
with the databases of the following publishers: Elsevier, Springer, Taylor and Francis, Bentham, and
PubMed.

Discussion:
D. bulbifera contains several bioactive compounds that are responsible for its pharmacological
properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anticancer, and antidiabetic
properties. It is also used as a nutritive functional food. D. bulbifera-mediated nanoparticle
synthesis has been established by the scientific communities for various medicinal applications.

Conclusion:
D. bulbifera contains numerous active ingredients, including diosbulbins, bafoudiosbulbin,
β-sitosterol, diosgenin, dioscin, pennogenin, myricetin, quercetin, and stigmasterols with
numerous biological activities. In addition, it has a vital role in synthesizing nanoparticles with good
pharmacological applications, especially in drug delivery systems. However, its potential characteristic
features and functional properties of the active molecules present in this tuber need to be further
explored in clinical trials. We suggest that using this edible tuber, we may formulate the valueadded
food with good medicinal applications.
Spatial Cluster of Air Pollutants and its Association with Health Disparities: A County-level Ecological Study across the USA
Authors: Wang Jing , Rong Rong , Qu Bingjie , Shi Xiang , Hu Bin , Zhao Peng , Ling Chengxiu , Chen Ying 
Published: January 2024

Background: The study aimed to determine latent patterns of geographical
distribution of health-related air pollutants across the USA, and to
evaluate real-world cumulative effects of these patterns on public
health metrics.
Methods: It was an ecological study using county-level data on the
concentrations of 12 air pollutants (i.e., ozone, CO, NO2 and SO2, PM2.5
mass, and speciation, PM10 mass and speciation, HAPs, VOCs, NONOxNOy and
lead) over 20 years, and the rigid measurements of population health
including life expectancy at birth, age-specific mortality risks and
cause-specific mortality rates (21 mutually exclusive disease groups).
Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify the common clusters of
life expectancy-associated air pollutants based on their concentration
characteristics in the final studied counties (n=699). Multivariate
linear regression analyses were then applied to assess the relationship
between the LCA-derived clusters and health measurements with
confounding adjustment.
Results: PM2.5 mass, PM10 speciation, and NONOxNOy were associated with
life expectancy and thus were included in LCA. Five clusters were
identified: the ‘all low’ cluster (n=115, 16.5%), ‘all medium’ cluster
(n=285, 40.8%), ‘high particulates’ cluster (n=152, 21.8%), ‘all high’
cluster (n=136, 19.5%) and ‘mixed profile’ cluster (n=11, 1.6%).
Cluster with a more severe pollutant profile was associated with a
decreasing life expectancy, an increasing mortality risk among the
middle-aged and elderly populations (≥45 years), and an increasing
mortality rate caused by chronic respiratory conditions, cardiovascular
diseases, and neoplasms.
Conclusions: Our study brings new perspectives of real-world
geographical patterns of air pollution to explain health disparities
across the USA.
The Dynamics of Platelet Content in Patients with Diffuse Peritonitis as a Predictor of Disease Outcome
Authors: Sigua B. V. , Kotkov P. A. , Petrov S. V. , Zemlyanoy V. P. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND. Absolute numbers of platelets are of key importance for determining the severity of multiple organ failure in sepsis, while their fluctuations within normal values are not taken into account. At the same time, early detection of a downward trend in this parameter may have greater predictive value in predicting disease outcomes. AIM OF STUDY. To identify trends in changes in platelet levels in patients with widespread peritonitis and determine the possible relationship of these changes with the outcome of the disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The basis of the work was an analysis of the results of treatment of 220 patients with diffuse secondary peritonitis who were treated at the Elizavetinskaya Hospital in 2013–2019. A correlation analysis was conducted to identify relationships between disease outcomes, assessed according to the severity of postoperative complications, and the degree of platelet reduction, expressed in platelet ratio. The further ROC analysis allowed us to identify a threshold value of the platelet ratio, which excess indicated a high risk of an unfavorable outcome. RESULTS. Based on the data obtained, the threshold value of the platelet ratio in the first two days has no clinical significance. At the same time, starting from the third 3rd day of the postoperative period, the quality of the resulting classifier increased, which confirms the prognostic significance of the threshold value of the platelet ratio, which was 1.72 on the third 3rd day after surgery. In other words, a decrease in platelet levels more than 1.72-fold on the 3rd day indicates a high risk of an unfavorable outcome, which may be associated primarily with intra-abdominal complications. This provision also indirectly confirms the fact that among patients with platelet ratio (PR) values exceeding 1.72 on the 3rd day, 68.7 % ultimately underwent repeated surgical interventions (33 patients out of 48 with high PR values, and the overall mortality rate was 72.1 %.Similar indicators in the subgroup with low PR values were 27.6 % of reoperated patients (29 of 105) and 26.7 % of unfavorable outcomes. CONCLUSION. The results obtained indicate that the degree of platelet reduction, rather than their absolute levels, has greater predictive value in patients operated on for diffuse peritonitis.
Intestinal Lavage in the Complex Treatment for Corrosive Poisoning
Authors: Matkevich V. A. , Stolbova N. E. , Potskhveriya M. M. , Makarov A. V. , Simonova A. Yu. , Gasimova Z. M. , Elkov A. N. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND. The high incidence of various complications and the persistent mortality remain relevant to the search for new approaches in the treatment of victims with poisoning by corrosive substances. OBJECTIVE. To increase the effectiveness of the therapeutic complex in case of corrosive poisoning by adding intestinal lavage. MATERIAL AND METHODS. We examined 73 patients (34.3 % of women and 65.7 % of men) with acute oral poisoning by acetic acid (35.6 % of the total number of patients) and alkali — NaOH (64.4 %) aged from 27 to 65 years (43 (33.0; 56.0) years). Endoscopic examination before the start of treatment in all the patients revealed 2–3rd degree chemical burns of the mucous membrane of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus and stomach. The treatment of 38 patients (study group) included intestinal lavage using an enteral solution in a volume of 4.5 liters in the first 6 hours after taking the poison. The comparison group consisted of 35 patients who received standard therapy. The groups were identical in age, sex, type and severity of poisoning. RESULTS. Patients who received intestinal lavage showed a clear positive dynamics of the process of cleansing the affected areas of the mucous membrane of the esophagus and stomach from necrotic masses and the appearance of granulations already on the 5th day. In the comparison group, by this time there were no signs of healing of local defects in the mucous membrane of the esophagus and stomach. CONCLUSION. The inclusion of intestinal lavage in the treatment complex helps reduce the regeneration time of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract in case of damage and inflammation caused by poisoning by corrosive substances, a decrease in the incidence of extraintestinal complications, in particular pneumonia (by 17.1 %), which is reflected in a decrease in mortality (by 5.7%) and a decrease in the duration of hospitalization by 2.1 times.
Compression Hemostasis in Refractory Esophageal Bleeding
Authors: Anisimov A. Yu. , Ibragimov R. A. , Mansurova G. Sh. , Zalyalov R. K. 
Published: January 2024

RELEVANCE. Efficiency and safety of compression hemostasis with esophageal self-expanding nitinol stents Danis compared to the Sengstaken–Blakemore tube in the treatment program of refractory esophageal bleeding still remains a controversial issue. AIM OF THE STUDY. To conduct a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of Danis self-expanding compression hemostasis nitinol stent and the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube for variceal esophageal bleeding refractory to drug and endoscopic treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The first comparison group included 44 patients, in whose complex treatment program tamponade with a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube was used to save lives. The second main group of the study consisted of 15 patients in whom compression hemostasis was performed using Danis self-expanding nitinol stent. Statistical processing was carried out using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Student, χ2 and Fisher exact tests. Differences were considered statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS. In the comparison group, complications occurred in 44 (100 %), in the main group complications were observed in 8 patients (53.3 %). Accordingly, reliable mechanical hemostasis was achieved in 33 (75.0 %) and 13 clinical observations (86.7 %); trophic changes in the esophageal mucosa were detected in 12 (27.2 %) and 8 patients (53.3 %). When assessing the function of external respiration, 5th and 2nd degrees of decrease in the ventilation capacity of the lungs, as well as 3rd and 1st degrees of decrease in the vital capacity of the lungs were established. The overall mortality was 56.8 % in the comparison group and 26.7 % in the main group. CONCLUSION. Self-expanding compression hemostasis nitinol stent Danis as a bridge to the choice of definitive therapy compared to tamponade with the Sengstaken–Blakemore tube is a promising alternative first-line treatment for patients with refractory esophageal bleeding. At the same time, it is necessary to conduct randomized controlled studies to confirm the safety and effectiveness of self-expanding nitinol stents.
Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Severe Polytrauma
Authors: Vlasov P. A. , Kudryashova E. A. , Melnichenko P. I. , Nikiforov I. S. , Petrushin M. A. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND. Road transport injuries (RTI) are the leading cause of death among the working-age population at present. Often, severe combined trauma is accompanied by significant damage to the chest with the development of severe respiratory disorders. Standard methods of intensive therapy for respiratory failure are often ineffective. The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be an effective method of reducing mortality in this category of patients, evenin conditions where it is impossible to use systemic anticoagulation. AIM OF THE STUDY. Consider the use of ECMO in patients with serious polytrauma trauma and a high risk of hemorrhagic complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Patient R., 43 years old, got a severe combined injury in a traffic accident; due to progressive acute respiratory failure, veno-venous ECMO (VV-ECMO) was performed for 11 days. RESULTS. This report reviews a clinical observation of the successful use of VV-ECMO in a patient with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome as a result of polytrauma in a road accident. Due to the high risk of hemorrhagic complications, the procedure was performed without the use of systemic anticoagulation, which is a rather rare case in modern intensive care. On the 11th day, the VV-ECMO procedure was stopped. On the 7th day of VV-ECMO, an intense hemorrhagic syndrome developed as a complication, which was successfully treated. On the 13th day after weaning, the patient was transferred from the intensive care unit to the rehabilitation center. CONCLUSIONS. The venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation method can be considered as part of the treatment of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome as a result of severe chest trauma when standard methods of respiratory support are ineffective. With a high risk of hemorrhagic complications, which is often observed in patients in this category, it is possible to use venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation without systemic anticoagulation.
Effect of body posture on cardiopulmonary function in horses during five hours of constant-dose halothane anesthesia
Authors: Steffey E. P. , Kelly A. B. , Hodgson D. S. , Grandy J. L. , Woliner M. J. , Willits N. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Cardiovascular and respiratory functions were serially characterized in 7 healthy, spontaneously breathing, adult horses (from which food had been withheld) during 5 hours of constant 1.06% alveolar halothane (end-expired halothane concentration of 1.06%; equivalent to 1.2 times the minimal alveolar anesthetic concentration for horses). To enable comparison of temporal results in relation to 2 body postures, horses were studied in lateral recumbency (lr) and dorsal recumbency (dr) on separate occasions. Temporal changes in results of measures of circulation previously reported from this laboratory for horses in lr were confirmed (ie, a time-related increase in systemic arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, and pcv). During dr, systemic arterial blood pressure was initially significantly (P < 0.05) greater and pulmonary artery pressure less than results at comparable periods during lr. Differences ceased to exist with duration of anesthesia. Except for a greater heart rate at hour 5 of dr, no other significant differences in circulation were found between lr and dr. In general, except for PaO2 measures of ventilation did not change with time in either lr or dr. The PaO2 was significantly greater during lr, compared with dr, but the average did not change significantly with time in either body posture.
Naturally acquired enteric adenovirus infection in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)
Authors: Gibson S. V. , Rottinghaus A. A. , Wagner J. E. , Stills H. F. , Stogsdill P. L. , Kinden D. A. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Intranuclear inclusions indicative of adenovirus infection were detected microscopically in formalin-fixed intestinal tissues from preweanling Syrian hamsters. The amphophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in ileal enterocytes from 16-to 24-day-old hamsters. Electron microscopy revealed large numbers of 72 ± 3-nm viral particles typical of adenoviridae in enterocytic nuclei. Serum antibodies reacted with mouse adenovirus strains K87 and, to a lesser extent, FL, by indirect fluorescent antibody testing. Clinical disease was not associated with the adenoviral infections. Hamsters from 10 production colonies, including all major commercial Syrian hamster suppliers in the United States, were surveyed and all had serologic or histopathologic evidence of adenovirus infection.
Humoral and cellular immune responses of pigs inoculated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Authors: Messier Serge , Ross Richard F. , Paul Prem S. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Cellular and humoral immune responses of pigs inoculated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae were investigated at postinoculation weeks (piw) 2, 4, and 6. The response of blood lymphocytes (bl) and bronchial lymph node lymphocytes (lnl) to stimulation by M hyopneumoniae antigens was evaluated by a lymphocyte-stimulation test. Specific antibodies in serum and lung washing samples were assayed by elisa. Immunoglobulin-positive cells in lungs and bronchial lymph nodes were identified by indirect fluorescent antibody test, using isotype-specific monoclonal antibodies.
At piw 0 to 6, bl from control and M hyopneumoniae-inoculated pigs were stimulated by M hyopneumoniae cells; however, bl from inoculated pigs generally had higher stimulation indices, especially at piw 6. The response of lnl was influenced by previous exposure to M hyopneumoniae, as indicated by higher stimulation indices (P < 0.01) of lnl from inoculated pigs killed at piw 2 and 6. Specific elisa antibodies to M hyopneumoniae in lung washings from inoculated pigs consisted mainly of IgG and IgA isotypes.
Examination of lung sections by indirect immunofluorescence revealed that cells producing IgM and IgA were in controls as well as M hyopneumoniae-inoculated pigs, but IgG-positive cells were only in lungs of inoculated pigs. Resolution of pneumonia appeared to correlate with development of increased sensitization of bl, as well as development of marked increases in immunoglobulins, particularly IgG in lung washings at piw 6.
Outer membrane protein profiles of Ediwardsiella ictaluri from fish
Authors: Newton Joseph C. , Blevins Willard T. , Wilt Gerald R. , Wolfe Lauren G. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Outer membrane proteins (omp) prepared with sodium N-lauroyl sarcocinate (sls) from 33 Edwardsiella ictaluri isolates from fish were examined by electrophoresis. Twenty-eight isolates from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) had similar OMP profiles. Ten bands (71 kilodaltons [kD] to 19.5 kD) were identified in all isolates from channel catfish. One major 35-kD protein comprised most of the protein content of the outer membrane of isolates from channel catfish. Differences existed among isolates in the amount of protein within minor omp bands. Edwardsiella ictaluri ATCC 33202 contained larger quantities of the 38.5- and 37-kD proteins than did the other isolates.
Effects of collection methods and storage on the in vitro stability of canine plasma catecholamines
Authors: D'Alesandro Michele M. , Gruber Dale F. , Reed H. Lester , O'Halloran Kevin P. , Robertson Robert 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Norepinephrine (ne) and epinephrine (epi) collected from dogs were sequentially and temporally measured in blood and plasma at 24 C. Heparin and edta anticoagulants, in combination with reduced glutathione and edta as a preservative, were also compared. Norepinephrine and epi concentrations were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. In heparinized plasma, ne and epi concentrations were relatively stable in the absence or presence of preservative after 24 hours at 24 C. In edta plasma, ne and epi values were less stable when compared with those in heparinized samples. Norepinephrine concentrations in EDTA plasma without preservative decreased by 163.2 ± 8.88 pg over 24 hours, compared with an 86.6 ± 7.92 pg loss of NE in heparinized plasma. The degradation of epi in edta plasma without preservative was also twofold greater, compared with that in heparinized plasma. Addition of preservative had no stabilizing effect on ne or epi in heparinized or edta plasma. During long-term storage at −70 C, plasma ne and epi values decreased < 0.6 and <0.1 pg/d, respectively. Norepinephrine and epi values were stable in heparinized blood for 6 hours but decreased to < 25% and < 6% of initial base line values, respectively, when plasma separation was delayed 24 hours.
Pharmacokinetics of etomidate in cats
Authors: Wertz E. M. , Benson G. J. , Thurmon J. C. , Tranquilli W. J. , Davis L. E. , Koritz G. D. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Pharmacokinetic variables of etomidate were determined after iv administration of etomidate (3.0 mg/kg of body weight). Blood samples were collected for 6 hours. Disposition of this carboxylated imidazole best conformed to a 2- (n = 2) and a 3- compartment (n = 4) open pharmacokinetic model. The pharmacokinetic values were calculated for the overall best-fitted model, characterized as a mixed 2- and 3-compartmental model. The first and most rapid distribution half-life was 0.05 hour and a second distribution half-life was 0.35 hour. Elimination half-life was 2.89 hours, apparent volume of distribution was 11.87 ± 4.64 L/kg, apparent volume of distribution at steady state was 4.88 ± 2.25 L/kg, apparent volume of the central compartment was 1.17 ± 0.70 L/kg, and total clearance was 2.47 ± 0.78 L/kg/h.
Survival of pseudorabies virus in aerosol
Authors: Schoenbaum Mark A. , Zimmerman Jeff J. , Beran George W. , Murphy Dorothy P. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The survival of pseudorabies virus in an aerosol was studied under different environmental conditions of temperature and relative humidity. Pseudorabies virus decayed logarithmically with mean half-lives of 17.4 (85% relative humidity, 22 C), 18.8 (25% relative humidity, 22 C), 27.3 (85% relative humidity, 4 C), 36.1 (55% relative humidity, 22 C), and 43.6 (55% relative humidity, 4 C) minutes. Virus survival was significantly improved in environments at 55% relative humidity, compared with those at 85% relative humidity (P = 0.017). Rates of survival were improved in environment at 4 C in comparison with those at 22 C. Results suggest that, under the best conditions of this study, the infectivity of pseudorabies virus in an aerosol decreases by 50% in < 1 hour.
Adverse effects of gentamicin in scarlet macaws and galahs
Authors: Flammer Keven , Clark Carl H. , Drewes Lynne A. , Wilson Robert C. , Fiorello-Barrett Joan 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The adverse effects of administration of gentamicin (5 mg/kg of body weight, im, q 12 h) for 7 days were studied in healthy scarlet macaws (Ara macao) and galahs (Eolophus roseicapillus; cockatoos). Polydipsia and polyuria developed in each species, but were greater and persisted longer in the cockatoos. Peak water intake in the cockatoos more than quadrupled, and remained increased for 23 days after cessation of gentamicin administration. Plasma aspartate transaminase activity increased significantly (P < 0.05) after treatment in the macaws, and plasma aspartate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase activities increased in the cockatoos.
Single im administration of gentamicin (5 mg/kg) resulted in mean (± sem) plasma concentration of 20.6 (± 1.85) μg/ml at 0.5 hour for either species of birds. There were no significant differences between mean plasma gentamicin concentrations for cockatoos and macaws at any time after drug administration, except at 12 hours, when values for cockatoos were significantly (P < 0.05) greater than those for macaws. The elimination half-life for gentamicin after im administration of 5 and 10 mg/kg was 1.17 and 1.07 hours, respectively, for macaws and 1.23 and 1.44 hours, respectively, for cockatoos. Correlation between drug disposition and adverse side effects could not be detected.