bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of microsatellite loci in four fruit fly species of the genus Ceratitis (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Baliraine F.N. , Bonizzoni M. , Osir E.O. , Lux S.A. , Mulaa F.J. , Zheng L. , Gomulski L.M. , Gasperi G. , Malacrida A.R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe possibility to cross-species amplify microsatellites in fruit flies of the genus Ceratitis was tested with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by analysing 23 Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) microsatellite markers on the genomic DNA of three other economically important, congeneric species: C. rosa (Karsch), C. fasciventris (Bezzi) and C. cosyra (Walker). Twenty-two primer pairs produced amplification products in at least one of the three species tested. The majority of the products were similar, if not identical in size to those expected in C. capitata. The structures of the repeat motifs and their flanking sequences were examined for a total of 79 alleles from the three species. Sequence analysis revealed the same repeat type as the homologous C. capitata microsatellites in the majority of the loci, suggesting their utility for population analysis across the species range. A total of seven loci were differentially present/absent in C. capitata, C. rosa, C. fasciventris and C. cosyra, suggesting that it may be possible to differentiate these four species using a simple sequence repeat-based PCR assay. It is proposed that medfly-based microsatellite markers could be utilized in the identification and tracing of the geographical origins of colonist pest populations of the four tested species and in the assessment of their risk and invasive potentials; thereby assisting regulatory authorities in implementing quarantine restrictions and other pest control measures.
Constitutive Expression of a Bacterial Pattern Recognition Receptor, CD14, in Human Salivary Glands and Secretion as a Soluble Form in Saliva
Authors: Uehara Akiko , Sugawara Shunji , Watanabe Kouichi , Echigo Seishi , Sato Mitsunobu , Yamaguchi Takahiro , Takada Haruhiko 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTSaliva contains a number of proteins and glycoproteins that protect oral tissues, but little is known about the role of human saliva in innate immunity. Here we showed that human major salivary gland cells constitutively expressed a bacterial pattern recognition receptor, CD14, by immunohistochemistry. Human salivary gland cells in culture express CD14 mRNA and a 55-kDa CD14 protein in, but not on the cells, and secrete a soluble form with the same molecular mass. Human whole saliva contains a 55-kDa CD14, and the concentration of parotid saliva was 10-fold higher than whole saliva, which is comparable to that of serum CD14. Levels of CD14 in unstimulated whole and parotid saliva were unchanged before and after a meal and between unstimulated and stimulated saliva, indicating that saliva CD14 is constitutively secreted into the oral cavity. In contrast, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein was below the detectable level. The saliva CD14 is functionally active in that it mediated the activation of CD14-lacking intestinal epithelial cells by LPS in a Toll-like receptor 4-dependent manner. These results suggested that saliva CD14 is important for the maintenance of oral health and possibly intestinal homeostasis.
Elevated Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 1 during the Acute Phase of Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Chua Pong Kian , Melish Marian E. , Yu Qigui , Yanagihara Richard , Yamamoto Kara S. , Nerurkar Vivek R. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTKawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, self-limiting, multisystem vasculitis of unknown etiology affecting infants and young children. Unless treated promptly with high-dose intravenous gamma globulin and aspirin, patients frequently develop coronary aneurysms. Previously, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), which is secreted complexed to tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), has been implicated in abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. Since the clinical and pathological features of KD include inflammation and weakening of blood vessels, we analyzed acute- and convalescent-phase paired plasma or serum samples from 31 KD patients, 7 patients who did not completely meet the criteria for KD, and 26 non-KD controls (9 febrile and 17 afebrile patients) for pro-MMP-9 (92 kDa) enzyme activity by gelatin zymography and for active MMP-9 (83 kDa), pro-MMP-9, and TIMP-1 protein levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed by using Studentttests, linear regression, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Markedly elevated pro-MMP-9 enzymatic activity, pro-MMP-9 protein levels, and TIMP-1 protein levels were found during the acute phase of illness in patients with clinically established KD and in patients who were suspected of having KD but did not meet all of the criteria. There was no significant difference in active MMP-9 levels. Furthermore, pro-MMP-9 and TIMP-1 protein levels were significantly elevated among KD patients, compared to those of febrile and afebrile non-KD controls. The significantly elevated pro-MMP-9 enzyme and protein levels during the acute phase of KD may reflect vascular remodeling or an inflammatory response to a microbial agent, suggesting a pathophysiological role for MMP-9 in coronary aneurysm formation.
Interleukin 12 in Part Regulates Gamma Interferon Release in Human Whole Blood Stimulated withLeptospira interrogans
Authors: de Fost Maaike , Hartskeerl Rudy A. , Groenendijk Martijn R. , van der Poll Tom 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTHeat-killed pathogenicLeptospira interrogansserovar rachmati induced the production of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and the IFN-γ-inducing cytokines interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40) and tumor necrosis factor alpha in human whole blood in vitro. The production of IFN-γ was largely dependent on IL-12. These data establish that pathogenic leptospires can stimulate the production of type I cytokines involved in cellular immunity.
Leucine Biosynthesis in Fungi: Entering Metabolism through the Back Door
Authors: Kohlhaw Gunter B. 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY
After exploring evolutionary aspects of branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis, the review focuses on the extended leucine biosynthetic pathway as it operates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. First, the genes and enzymes specific for the leucine pathway are considered: LEU4 and LEU9 (encoding the α-isopropylmalate synthase isoenzymes), LEU1 (isopropylmalate isomerase), and LEU2 (β-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase). Emphasis is given to the unusual distribution of the branched-chain amino acid pathway enzymes between mitochondrial matrix and cytosol, on the newly defined role of Leu5p, and on regulatory mechanisms governing gene expression and enzyme activity, including new evidence for the metabolic importance of the regulation of α-isopropylmalate synthase by coenzyme A. Next, structure-function relationships of the transcriptional regulator Leu3p are addressed, defining its dual role as activator and repressor and discussing evidence in support of the self-masking model. Recent data pointing at a more extended Leu3p regulon are discussed. An overview of the layered controls of the extended leucine pathway is provided that includes a description of the newly recognized roles of Ilv5p and Bat1p in maintaining mitochondrial integrity. Finally, branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis and its regulation in other fungi are summarized, the question of leucine as metabolic signal is addressed, and possible directions of future research in this area are outlined.
ADVANCED IMAGING METHODS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF HIP DYSPLASIA
Authors: Frick Steven L. , Kim Hui Taek , Wenger Dennis R. 
Published: March 2003

Developmental dislocation of the hip is an important orthopedic condition whose early diagnosis and treatment greatly improves the life of a patient with the condition. Despite a worldwide focus on early diagnosis and treatment, many children and adolescents present with residual hip dysplasia. This group includes those that have not had prior diagnosis or treatment and often present in adolescence, as well as those who have been treated nonoperatively and yet continue to have residual dysplasia.Decisions determining when hip dysplasia should be surgically corrected have traditionally been dependent upon two-dimensional images (plain radiographs) to analyze the nature and degree of residual deformity. To better understand residual hip dysplasia in children, we have utilized three-dimensional computerized tomographic (3-D CT) methods to evaluate the pathoanatomy of hip dysplasia in children. Careful analysis of these images has allowed us to more fully understand the nature of residual hip dysplasia and to better plan corrective hip osteotomies designed to improve the longevity and function of the hip joint.
STABILIZATION EFFECTS OF GRAF LIGAMENTOPLASTY
Authors: Hasegawa Kazuhiro , Hirata Yasuharu , Morita Tetsuro , Kobayashi Hiroto 
Published: March 2003

Graf ligamentoplasty with or without decompression was performed consecutively in 22 patients of lumbar degenerative diseases with segmental instability. The clinical course of the patients was evaluated using the criteria of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) for assessing treatment of low back pain (29 points in total), and radiological alteration in angular and translational displacements were measured in flexion, extension, or neutral position. The change of an intervertebral vacuum phenomenon (Knutsson's sign), as a sign of segmental instability, was observed before and after the surgery.A preoperative JOA score of 13.7 points was significantly improved to 25.0 points with an improvement rate of 75.7% on average by Graf ligamentoplasty. Radiological measurements revealed that the operation reduced the range of motion of the involved segment in both angular and translational modes with the segment realigned in extension. The short-term results of Graf ligamentoplasty was acceptable for lumbar degenerative diseases. The patients in whom Knutsson's sign was reduced or disappeared after Graf ligamentoplasty had a better outcome than those with the sign unchanged or increased in size. This suggests that Knutsson's sign can be a predictive indicator of the outcome of the surgery.
First Columnar Monolayer Structure of Bile Acids Inclusion Crystal. Inclusion Compounds of 23-Nordeoxycholic Acid
Authors: Sada Kazuki , Sugahara Michihiro , Nakahata Yoshihiro , Yasuda Yoshitaka , Nishio Akinori , Miyata Mikiji 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
A new host, 23-nordeoxycholic acid, which forms inclusion compounds with many organic compounds, have a novel monolayer columnar structure in spite of a facially amphiphilic molecular structure.
Synthesis of MnMoO4 as High Capacity Anode Material for Li Secondary Battery
Authors: Kim Sung-Soo , Ogura Seiichiro , Ikuta Hiromasa , Uchimoto Yoshiharu , Wakihara Masataka 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
MnMoO4(C2/m) as a new anode material for Li secondary battery has been synthesized by a conventional solid state reaction method and its electrochemical properties have been investigated. Mn L-edge XANES indicates that the energy of the main peak of MnMoO4 is close to that of MnCO3 (Mn2+). Mo L-edge XANES shows that the oxidation state of Mo in MnMoO4 is +6. The reversible amount of Li insertion/removal in MnMoO4 anode during the first cycle was about 1000 Ah/kg. Capacity variation with the current density shows that the rate capability of MnMoO4 is better than that of graphite.
Novel Absorption and Fluorescence Characteristics of l-Lysine
Authors: Homchaudhuri L , Swaminathan R 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
l-Lysine displays new absorption and fluorescence features at high concentrations (∼ 0.5 M) in aqueous medium. A new absorption peak was detected around ∼ 270 nm (ε = 0.34 M−1 cm−1). Blue fluorescence (∼ 435 nm) was visible on excitation at 355 nm. The above features which were concentration dependent are attributed to likely aggregates of l-lysine.
Ordered Mesoporous Materials. Novel Catalyst for Degradation of N′-Nitrosonornicotine
Authors: Zhu Jian Hua , Zhou Shi-Lu , Xu Yang , Cao Yi , Wei Yi-Lun 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Temperature-programmed surface reaction (TPSR) of N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) was firstly reported on zeolite and ordered mesoporous materials. Among the catalysts SBA-15 and MCM-48 exhibited an activity much higher than zeolite NaY. They could also adsorb nitrosamines without interference of organic solvent, which will be helpful for environmental protection.
A nonlinear system of Euler–Lagrange equations. Reduction to the Korteweg–de Vries equation and periodic solutions
Authors: Zielke Walter 
Published: March 2003

The Euler–Lagrange equations, which correspond to a variational
The Euler–Lagrange equations, which correspond to a variational principle with a Lagrange function depending on arbitrary functions and their first order derivatives, are shown to be reducible to the and their first order derivatives, are shown to be reducible to the Korteweg–de Vries equation under a small—but finite—amplitude approximation. Closed form approximation. Closed form periodic solutions to the Euler–Lagrange equations are found for a particular case, and the modulational stability of these solutions is discussed. Equations for waves in cold plasma are discussed as examples.
Applications of a cell culture system for studying the interaction ofAnaplasmamarginale with tick cells
Authors: Blouin Edmour F. , de la Fuente José , Garcia-Garcia Jose C. , Sauer John R. , Saliki Jeremiah T. , Kocan Katherine M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA cell culture system for the tick-borne rickettsiaAnaplasma marginaleoffers new opportunities for research on this economically important pathogen of cattle.A. marginalemultiplies in membrane-bound inclusions in host cells. Whereas erythrocytes appear to be the only site of infection in cattle,A. marginaleundergoes a complex developmental cycle in ticks and transmission occurs via the salivary glands during feeding. We recently developed a cell culture system forA. marginaleusing a cell line derived from embryos ofIxodes scapularis. Here we review the use of this cell culture system for studying the interaction ofA. marginalewith tick cells. Several assays were developed using theA. marginale/tick cell system. An adhesion assay was developed for the identification of proteins required byA. marginalefor adhesion to tick cells. The effect of antibodies against selected major surface proteins in inhibitingA. marginaleinfection was tested in an assay that allowed further confirmation of the role of surface proteins in the infection of tick cells. A drug screening assay forA. marginalewas developed and provides a method of initial drug selection without the use of cattle. The culture system was used to test for enhancing effects of tick saliva and saliva components onA. marginaleinfection. The tick cell culture system has proved to be a good model for studyingA. marginale–tick interactions. Information gained from these studies may be applicable to other closely related tick-borne pathogens that have been propagated in the same tick cell line.
Campylobactercolonization in poultry: sources of infection and modes of transmission
Authors: Sahin Orhan , Morishita Teresa Y. , Zhang Qijing 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSince its recognition as a human pathogen in the early 1970s,Campylobacter jejunihas now emerged as the leading bacterial cause of food-borne gastroenteritis in developed countries. Poultry, particularly chickens, account for the majority of human infections caused byCampylobacter. Reduction or elimination of this pathogen in the poultry reservoir is an essential step in minimizing the public health problem; however, farm-based intervention measures are still not available because of the lack of understanding of the ecological aspects ofC. jejunion poultry farms. AlthoughCampylobacteris highly prevalent in poultry production systems, how poultry flocks become infected with this organism is still unknown. Many investigations indicate that horizontal transmission from environmental sources is the primary route of flock infections byCampylobacter. However, some recent studies also suggest the possibility of vertical transmission from breeder to progeny flocks. The transmission of the organism is not well understood, but it is likely to be through both vertical and horizontal transmission and may be affected by the immune status of the poultry host and the environmental conditions in the production system. Intervention strategies forCampylobacterinfection in poultry should consider the complex nature of its transmission and may require the use of multiple approaches that target different segments of the poultry production system.
Nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase and inflammation in veterinary medicine
Authors: Hunter Robert P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractInflammation is a process consisting of a complex of cytological and chemical reactions which occur in and around affected blood vessels and adjacent tissues in response to an injury caused by a physical, chemical or biological insult. Much work has been performed in the past several years investigating inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS, EC 1.14.13.39) and nitric oxide in inflammation. This has resulted in a rapid increase in knowledge about iNOS and nitric oxide. Nitric oxide formation from inducible NOS is regulated by numerous inflammatory mediators, often with contradictory effects, depending upon the type and duration of the inflammatory insult. Equine medicine appears to have benefited the most from the increased interest in this small, inflammatory mediator. Most of the information on nitric oxide in traditional veterinary species has been produced using models or naturally occurring inflammatory diseases of this species.
Oviposition by introduced Ophelimus eucalypti (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and morphogenesis of female-induced galls on Eucalyptus saligna (Myrtaceae) in New Zealand
Authors: Raman A. , Withers T.M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAn Australian gall-inducing eulophid, Ophelimus eucalypti (Gahan) was first recorded on the foliage of Eucalyptus botryoides after it invaded New Zealand in 1987. It has spread throughout the eucalypt plantations in the North Island and in the northern parts of the South Island affecting several species of Eucalyptus in the section Transversaria (subgenus Symphyomyrtus). Because gall-inducing insects usually have extremely narrow host ranges, O. eucalypti that induces galls on E. saligna and E. botryoides is currently recognized as a biotype, O. eucalypti (Transversaria). Heavily galled leaves abscise from the plant. Repeated defoliation led to widespread die-back of susceptible eucalypt species in the 1990s. Female larvae of O. eucalypti induce circular, protruding galls on the leaves of E. botryoides and E. saligna, whereas the males induce pit galls on the same species. The biology of O. eucalypti females and the development of their galls are described. Adult female O. eucalypti antennate the leaf surface before inserting the ovipositor (otherwise concealed within the metasomal apex) into the young host leaf. The egg is inserted at approximately 45° and discharged between differentiating palisade cells. Callus-type cells surround the egg chamber, but cytologically specialized nutritive cells appear once the egg hatches and the larva begins to feed. The gall also differentiates a multi-layered sclerenchymatous tissue around the nutritive tissue. After feeding for many months, the larva pupates and the active nutritive tissue degenerates. The adult wasp emerges after cutting an exit hole through to the outside of the gall. Abscission of heavily galled leaves results in widespread defoliation and loss of growth and vigour in susceptible trees in New Zealand.
Description of the soybean pod gall midge, Asphondylia yushimai sp. n. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a major pest of soybean and findings of host alternation
Authors: Yukawa J. , Uechi N. , Horikiri M. , Tuda M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe soybean pod gall midge is an important pest of soybean in Japan and is known to occur also in Indonesia and China. This gall midge is described from Japan as Asphondylia yushimaisp. n. and is clearly distinguished from its congeners by the arrangement of the lower frontal horns of the pupa and the sequence of the mtDNA COI region. It is concluded that Prunus zippeliana Miquel is a winter host of the soybean pod gall midge since haplotypes of the soybean pod gall midge coincide with those of the Prunus fruit gall midge that produces fruit galls on P. zippeliana. In addition, phenological and distributional information on the two gall midges and on their host plants supports the identification of the winter host. In Japan, the soybean pod gall midge overwinters as a first instar in the fruit galls on P. zippeliana and emerges as an adult from the galls in May. In summer and autumn, the soybean pod gall midge has two or more generations in the pods of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill or wild fabaceous and caesalpiniaceous plants. Thus host alternation by A. yushimai is confirmed. This is the second finding of host alternation by a species of Asphondylia, the first instance being that of Asphondylia gennadii (Marchal) in Cyprus.
Total C4B Deficiency Due to Gene Deletion and Gene Conversion in a Patient with Severe Infections
Authors: Jaatinen Taina , Lahti Meri , Ruuskanen Olli , Kinos Riikka , Truedsson Lennart , Lahesmaa Riitta , Lokki Marja-Liisa 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTDeficiencies of the early components of the classical complement pathway impair the actions of innate and humoral immunity and may lead to increased susceptibility to infections. We have studied the genetic basis of total C4B deficiency in a Finnish patient with recurrent meningitis, chronic fistulas and abscesses. The maternal chromosome carried a four-gene deletion including the C4B gene, and a conversion from C4B to C4A gene was found on the paternal chromosome resulting in complete deficiency of C4B. In the converted C4A gene, mutation screening did not reveal any amino acid changes or prominent mutations, yet a large number of nucleotide variations were found. Further, the patient was heterozygous for structural deficiency of mannan binding lectin (MBL) associating with medium levels of serum MBL. Our data provides new information on the genetic instability of the C4 gene region, and on the association of homozygous C4B deficiency and variant MBL genotype with increased susceptibility to recurrent and chronic infections. Importantly, plasma therapy induced a prompt clinical cure with long-term effects.