bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth defect in Grg5 null mice is associated with reduced Ihh signaling in growth plates
Authors: Wang Wen‐Fang , Wang You‐Gan , Reginato Anthony M. , Plotkina Sofiya , Gridley Thomas , Olsen Bjorn R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGene‐targeted disruption of Grg5, a mouse homologue of Drosophila groucho (gro), results in postnatal growth retardation in mice. The growth defect, most striking in approximately half of the Grg5 null mice, occurs during the first 4–5 weeks of age, but most mice recover retarded growth later. We used the nonlinear mixed‐effects model to fit the growth data of wild‐type, heterozygous, and Grg5 null mice. On the basis of preliminary evidence suggesting an interaction between Grg5 and the transcription factor Cbfa1/Runx2, critical for skeletal development, we further investigated the skeleton in the mice. A long bone growth plate defect was identified, which included shorter zones of proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocytes and decreased trabecular bone formation. This decreased trabecular bone formation is likely caused by a reduced recruitment of osteoblasts into the growth plate region of Grg5 null mice. Like the growth defect, the growth plate and trabecular bone abnormality improved as the mice grew older. The growth plate defect was associated with reduced Indian hedgehog expression and signaling. We suggest that Grg5, a transcriptional coregulator, modulates the activities of transcription factors, such as Cbfa1/Runx2 in vivo to affect Ihh expression and the function of long bone growth plates. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spatially dynamic expression of Sry in mouse genital ridges
Authors: Bullejos Monica , Koopman Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have studied the spatial dynamics of Sry transcription in the genital ridges of mouse embryos. We find that Sry is expressed in a dynamic wave that emanates from the central and/or anterior regions, extends subsequently to both poles, and ends in the caudal pole. This dynamism may explain the relative positioning of ovarian and testicular tissue seen in ovotestes in mice. Since direct regulatory targets of SRY ought to be expressed in a corresponding or complimentary wave, our observations pave the way for identification of target genes. Sry is expressed in internal cells but not in coelomic surface epithelial cells, indicating that its effect on proliferation of surface cells is achieved non‐cell‐autonomously. The cellular dynamism of Sry expression revealed in this study thus provides important insights into both the cellular and molecular mode of action of SRY, and how perturbations in Sry expression can lead to anomalies of sexual development. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic expression of chicken cMeso2 in segmental plate and somites
Authors: Buchberger Astrid , Bonneick Sonja , Klein Christian , Arnold Hans‐Henning 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAbstractSomitogenesis in vertebrates involves prepatterning of paraxial mesoderm into somitomeres, establishing of anteroposterior polarity within somite primordia, and boundary formation between individual somites. cMeso2 is a newly identified chicken gene encoding a bHLH transcription factor, which is expressed in a transient stripe pattern in anterior presomitic mesoderm before segmentation of somites. The expression pattern overlaps with that of cMeso1 and correlates in time with the formation cycle of somites, suggesting that it may have a role in this process. Unlike its homologues in other organisms cMeso2 transcripts in chicken locate to the posterior aspects of somitomeres and constitute a marker for the caudal half of somites. Initiation of cMeso2 expression in presomitic mesoderm as well as its maintenance appears to be independent from influences by surrounding tissues, suggesting that it is part of the intrinsic program underlying segmentation. Although cMeso1 contains a C‐terminal activator domain that can be transferred onto an independent DNA‐binding domain, no evidence for such a transactivator domain can be found in cMeso2. In contrast, cMeso2 exerts transcriptional inhibition when coexpressed with the cMeso1 transactivator and seems to contain a repressor domain. Thus, cMeso1 and cMeso2 may function in an antagonistic manner during somitogenesis. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of acculturative stress and body dissatisfaction in predicting bulimic symptomatology across ethnic groups
Authors: Perez Marisol , Voelz Zachary R. , Pettit Jeremy W. , Joiner Thomas E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the interactive effects of acculturative stress and body dissatisfaction in prediction of bulimic symptoms, particularly in non‐White females.MethodWe administered questionnaires to White, Black, and Hispanic females on acculturative stress, body dissatisfaction, and bulimic symptoms.ResultsOur results show that among minority women who report low levels of acculturative stress, body dissatisfaction and bulimia were not correlated. However, among minority women who reported high levels of acculturative stress, body dissatisfaction and bulimia were highly and significantly correlated.DiscussionThe combination of acculturative stress and body dissatisfaction may render minority women more vulnerable to bulimic symptoms; the absence of acculturative stress among minority women may buffer them against bulimic symptoms, even in the presence of body dissatisfaction. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 31: 442–454, 2002.
Central pontine myelinolysis in a patient with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Amann Benedikt , Schäfer Martin , Sterr Andrea , Arnold Stephan , Grunze Heinz 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMyelinolysis may occur as a severe complication of eating disorders, especially anorexia nervosa (AN). One of the most important reasons can be a rapid correction of hyponatremia caused by tubulopathy, water intoxication (WI), or abuse of diuretics in individuals with AN.Method and ResultsWe report on a 24‐year‐old female patient with an 8‐year history of AN. A rapid correction of severe hyponatremia and hypokalemia induced by WI led to central pontine myelinolysis, which was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. Besides affective lability, incoherence, and an acute confusional state, surprisingly, no severe neurological symptoms emerged.ConclusionThus, physicians should be aware of the risk of pontine myelinolysis with new psychiatric symptoms emerging in the absence of obvious neurological deficits. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 462–466, 2001.
Tracking a three‐dimensional moving target with distributed passive sensors using extended Kalman filter
Authors: Ito Masayoshi , Tsujimichi Shingo , Kosuge Yoshio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA method is proposed for combining the acquired information of several passive sensors in order to obtain two‐dimensional information on the elevation and azimuth angles of the target and to estimate the location and velocity of the moving target in a three‐dimensional space. In the case of a moving target, several sensors are required to observe the target at the same time if the so‐called triangulation measurement is used. Hence, if each sensor carries out measurement asynchronously, the target position cannot be accurately computed. In the proposed system, angular tracking is carried out first at each sensor level of two sensors. After a certain time, the time alignment is carried out for the results of angular tracking. Then, the initial value of the three‐dimensional trajectory is computed by combining the angular tracking results. Further, once the initial value is computed, a three‐dimensional tracking maintenance process by an extended Kalman filter is initiated at the central level. Every time a new observed value from one of N sensors is obtained, this is used for updating the three‐dimensional trajectory. In the present system, a moving target can be tracked even if several sensors carry out observation asynchronously. The effectiveness of the present method is verified by simulation. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 84(7): 74–85, 2001
Problems of the application of N2/SF6 mixtures to gas‐insulated bus
Authors: Inami Kiyoshi , Maeda Yasuhiro , Habuchi Yoshitaka , Yoshimura Manabu , Hamano Suenobu , Hama Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn designing a gas‐insulated bus (GIB) using N2/SF6 mixtures, there are many application problems, such as the mixture pressure needed in order to maintain the required dielectric and heat transfer performance. Problems of recycling SF6 are also essential in applying N2/SF6 mixtures. This paper presents the minimum breakdown field strength at lightning impulse and the temperature rise of the conductor and enclosure as measured for N2/SF6 mixtures. Considering the dielectric and heat transfer properties, we clarify the problems of application of mixtures to a GIB and discuss the appropriate mixture ratio of SF6 in designing a GIB comparable to the present dimensions. In addition, the lowest limit of SF6 content in a liquefied recovering method is theoretically estimated for reference in practical SF6 recovery from mixtures. It is important for design to consider both breakdown phenomena, including the area effect of electrode, and the heat transfer properties of mixtures. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 137(4): 25–31, 2001
Further characterization and validation of gpt delta transgenic mice for quantifying somatic mutations in vivo
Authors: Swiger Roy R. , Cosentino Lidia , Masumura Ken‐Ichi , Nohmi Takehiko , Heddle John A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe utility of any mutation assay depends on its characteristics, which are best discovered using model mutagens. To this end, we report further on the characteristics of the lambda‐based gpt delta transgenic assay first described by Nohmi et al. ([1996]: Environ Mol Mutagen 28:465–470). Our studies show that the gpt transgene responds similarly to other transgenic loci, specifically lacZ and cII, after treatment with acute doses of N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea (ENU). Because genetic neutrality is an important factor in the design of treatment protocols for mutagenicity testing, as well as for valid comparisons between different tissues and treatments, a time‐course study was conducted. The results indicate that the gpt transgene, like cII and lacZ, is genetically neutral in vivo. The sensitivities of the loci are also equivalent, as evidenced by spontaneous mutant frequency data and dose– response curves after acute treatment with 50, 150, or 250 mg/kg ENU. The results are interesting in light of transgenic target size and location and of host genetic background differences. Based on these studies, protocols developed for other transgenic assays should be suitable for the gpt delta. Additionally, a comparison of the gpt and an endogenous locus, Dlb‐1, within the small intestine of chronically treated animals (94 μg/mL ENU in drinking water daily) shows differential accumulation of mutations at the loci during chronic exposure. The results further support the existence of preferential repair at endogenous, expressed genes relative to transgenes. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 37:297–303, 2001 © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of a shared tuned mass damper (STMD) to reduce vibration and pounding in adjacent structures
Authors: Abdullah Makola M. , Hanif Jameel H. , Richardson Andy , Sobanjo John 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe dynamic response of tall civil structures due to earthquakes is very important to civil engineers. Structures exposed to earthquakes experience vibrations that are detrimental to their structural components. Structural pounding is an additional problem that occurs when buildings experience earthquake excitation. This phenomena occurs when adjacent structures collide from their out‐of‐phase vibrations. Many energy dissipation devices are presently being used to reduce the system response. Tuned mass dampers (TMD) are commonly used to improve the response of structures. The stiffness and damping properties of the TMD are designed to be a function of the natural frequency of the building to which it is connected. This research involves attaching adjacent structures with a shared tuned mass damper (STMD) to reduce both the structures vibration and probability of pounding. Because the STMD is connected to both buildings, the problem of tuning the STMD stiffness and damping parameters becomes an issue. A design procedure utilizing a performance function is used to obtain the STMD parameters to result in the best overall system response. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding and predicting effects of supplemental viscous damping on seismic response of asymmetric one‐storey systems
Authors: Lin Wen‐Hsiung , Chopra Anil K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSupplemental damping could mitigate the earthquake‐induced damage in buildings with asymmetric plan, known to be more vulnerable to damage than comparable symmetric‐plan buildings. This investigation aims to improve the understanding of how and why planwise distribution of fluid viscous dampers (FVDs) influences the response of linearly elastic, one‐storey, asymmetric‐plan systems. Starting with vibration mode shapes, we predict this influence on the modal damping ratios, and in turn on the individual modal responses and the total response. These predictions are confirmed by the computed responses, which demonstrated that the reduction in earthquake response of the system achieved by supplemental damping is strongly influenced by its planwise distribution, which is characterized by four parameters. Identified are asymmetric distributions of supplemental damping that are more effective in reducing the response compared to symmetric distribution. The percentage reduction achieved by a judiciously selected asymmetric distribution can be twice or even larger compared to symmetric distribution. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical study of flows with multiple free surfaces
Authors: Mohapatra P. K. , Murty Bhallamudi S. , Eswaran V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper demonstrates that a numerical method based on the generalized simplified marker and cell (GENSMAC) flow solver and Youngs' volume of fluid (Y‐VOF) surface‐tracking technique is an effective tool for studying the basic mechanics of hydraulic engineering problems with multiple free surfaces and non‐hydrostatic pressure distributions. Two‐dimensional flow equations in a vertical plane are solved numerically for this purpose. The numerical results are compared with experimental data and earlier numerical results based on a higher‐order depth‐averaged flow model available in the literature. Two classical problems, (i) flow in a free overfall and (ii) flow past a floor slot, are considered. The numerical results correspond very well with the experimental data for both sub‐critical and supercritical flows. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐order Cartesian grid method for calculation of incompressible turbulent flows
Authors: Gullbrand J. , Bai X. S. , Fuchs L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA high‐order wall treatment is proposed and implemented into a Cartesian grid method and the wall treatment is evaluated for incompressible turbulent flows. The Cartesian grid method employs a sequence of locally refined, uniformly spaced, Cartesian grids. In order to achieve a high‐order accuracy, a wall treatment procedure has been developed for arbitrarily shaped geometries. The procedure consists of high‐order Lagrangian polynomial interpolations and extrapolations for determining the dependent variables around the wall boundaries. The wall treatment procedure and the Cartesian grid method are used together with a highly efficient multi‐grid acceleration method and a local grid refinement strategy for optimal distribution of the grid points. The high‐order Cartesian grid method is evaluated using test functions as well as for laminar and turbulent flows. The proposed approach maintains the high‐order discretization and yields high‐order accuracy of the numerical results. Large eddy simulation of a turbulent swirling flow indicates that the high‐order wall treatment leads to significantly different results from those calculated using a low‐order piecewise constant wall description. The differences in the results are smaller at a low level of turbulence near the inlet region, but become significant in the region far away from the inlet where the turbulence is more intense. In the latter situation the effect of the wall treatment is as important as the choice of the subgrid scale stress model. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient construction of high‐resolution TVD conservative schemes for equations with source terms: application to shallow water flows
Authors: Burguete J. , García‐Navarro P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHigh‐resolution total variation diminishing (TVD) schemes are widely used for the numerical approximation of hyperbolic conservation laws. Their extension to equations with source terms involving spatial derivatives is not obvious. In this work, efficient ways of constructing conservative schemes from the conservative, non‐conservative or characteristic form of the equations are described in detail. An upwind, as opposed to a pointwise, treatment of the source terms is adopted here, and a new technique is proposed in which source terms are included in the flux limiter functions to get a complete second‐order compact scheme. A new correction to fix the entropy problem is also presented and a robust treatment of the boundary conditions according to the discretization used is stated. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suppression of vortex shedding for flow around a circular cylinder using optimal control
Authors: Homescu C. , Navon I. M. , Li Z. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAdjoint formulation is employed for the optimal control of flow around a rotating cylinder, governed by the unsteady Navier–Stokes equations. The main objective consists of suppressing Karman vortex shedding in the wake of the cylinder by controlling the angular velocity of the rotating body, which can be constant in time or time‐dependent. Since the numerical control problem is ill‐posed, regularization is employed. An empirical logarithmic law relating the regularization coefficient to the Reynolds number was derived for 60⩽Re⩽140. Optimal values of the angular velocity of the cylinder are obtained for Reynolds numbers ranging from Re=60 to Re=1000. The results obtained by the computational optimal control method agree with previously obtained experimental and numerical observations. A significant reduction of the amplitude of the variation of the drag coefficient is obtained for the optimized values of the rotation rate. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Information Role of U.S. Futures Trading in a Global Financial Market
Authors: Fung Hung‐Gay , Leung Wai K. , Xu Xiaoqing Eleanor 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUsing a bivariate, asymmetric generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model, we examine the
patterns of information flows for three financial futures contracts that are dual‐listed on U.S. and
Asian markets (i.e., Nikkei 225 Index, Eurodollar, and dollar–yen currency futures). The results
indicate that the U.S. market plays a leading role in terms of pricing‐information transmission across
markets. In terms of volatility spillover across markets, however, foreign markets seem to play a similar role
(e.g., Nikkei Index futures) or even a more significant role than the United States (e.g.,
Eurodollar futures in Singapore and dollar–yen currency futures in Japan). © 2001 John Wiley
& Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 21:1071–1090, 2001
Cyclin D1 gene contains a cryptic promoter that is functional in human cancer cells
Authors: Terrinoni Alessandro , Dell'Arciprete Roberta , Fornaro Mara , Stella Manuela , Alberti Saverio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel cyclin D1 (CCND1)–TROP2 fusion oncogene has been isolated from human cancer cells. Unexpectedly, the chimeric cDNA was found to express TROP2 in the absence of exogenous promoters. Mutagenesis of the TROP2 and CCND1 sequences and in vitro transcription/translation show that a cryptic promoter is present in the 3′ coding region of CCND1. The CCND1 cryptic promoter is functional in luciferase assays, where it augments the basal expression levels by eightfold and efficiently cooperates with an SV‐40 enhancer. The transcription start sites of the cryptic promoter map at bases 797 and 935 of CCND1, as determined by RNase protection assays. The cryptic promoter possesses canonical binding sites for ubiquitous transcription factors and W/S, X1, and CAAT/Y boxes that are characteristic of major histocompatibility complex class II gene promoters. Remarkably, the cryptic CCND1 promoter is active in human cancer cells and generates a truncated transcript that contains CCND1 instability sequences. Thus, this novel CCND1 transcription unit may play a role in the regulation of the expression of cyclin D1 and in tumor cell growth. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shape‐selective stereo processing in human object‐related visual areas
Authors: Gilaie‐Dotan Sharon , Ullman Shimon , Kushnir Tammar , Malach Rafael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObject related areas in the human ventral stream were previously shown to be activated, in a shape‐selective manner, by luminance, motion, and texture cues. We report on the preferential activation of these areas by stereo cues defining shape. To assess the relationship of this activation to object recognition, we employed a perceptual stereo effect, which profoundly affects object recognition. The stimuli consisted of stereo‐defined line drawings of objects that either protruded in front of a flat background (“front”), or were sunk into the background (“back”). Despite the similarity in the local feature structure of the two conditions, object recognition was superior in the “front” compared to the “back” configuration. We measured both recognition rates and fMRI signal from the human visual cortex while subjects viewed these stimuli. The results reveal shape selective activation from images of objects defined purely by stereoscopic cues in the human ventral stream. Furthermore, they show a significant correlation between recognition and fMRI signal in the object‐related occipito‐temporal cortex (lateral occipital complex). Hum. Brain Mapping 15:67–79, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterizing instantaneous phase relationships in whole‐brain fMRI activation data
Authors: Laird Angela R. , Rogers Baxter P. , Carew John D. , Arfanakis Konstantinos , Moritz Chad H. , Meyerand M. Elizabeth 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTypically, fMRI data is processed in the time domain with linear methods such as regression and correlation analysis. We propose that the theory of phase synchronization may be used to more completely understand the dynamics of interacting systems, and can be applied to fMRI data as a novel method of detecting activation. Generalized synchronization is a phenomenon that occurs when there is a nonlinear functional relationship present between two or more coupled, oscillatory systems, whereas phase synchronization is defined as the locking of the phases while the amplitudes may vary. In this study, we developed an application of phase synchronization analysis that is appropriate for fMRI data, in which the phase locking condition is investigated between a voxel time series and the reference function of the task performed. A synchronization index is calculated to quantify the level of phase locking, and a nonparametric permutation test is used to determine the statistical significance of the results. We performed the phase synchronization analysis on the data from five volunteers for an event‐related finger‐tapping task. Functional maps were created that provide information on the interrelations between the instantaneous phases of the reference function and the voxel time series in a whole‐brain fMRI activation data set. We conclude that this method of analysis is useful for revealing additional information on the complex nature of the fMRI time series. Hum. Brain Mapping 16:71–80, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.