bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Never cross the red line? Analysing employment relations practices and the behaviour of front‐line managers in Chinese McDonald's stores
Authors: Wei Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBased on a qualitative case study of McDonald's stores in China, this article examines the behaviour of front‐line managers (FLMs) in employment relations practices. The findings first identify different types of FLMs' behaviours, taking into account the degree of role conflict in their managerial work and the varying pressure to respond to corporate human resource management/employment relations (HRM/ERs) policies. Second, the findings illustrate that the behaviours of FLMs are also shaped by the external ER regulatory context, which is related to regulatory constraints (or voids) and their implementation (or not) and third, that FLMs tend to exert their own agency in responding to HRM/ER policies when facing increased role conflict.
RETRACTED: Influence of continuous nursing on surgical site wound infection and postoperative complication for colorectal cancer patients with stoma: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Xin‐Ju , Han Jing , Su Xia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe systematically evaluated the effect of continuous nursing on surgical site wound infections and postoperative complications in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with stomas. Computerised searches of Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases were conducted to collect clinical studies on CRC patients receiving continuous nursing interventions after colorectal stoma surgery; the search period was from the establishment of each database to August 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data and completed a literature quality assessment. The meta‐analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 and included 20 studies with 1759 patients. The meta‐analysis showed that continuous nursing significantly lowered the rates of surgical site wound infection (risk ratio [RR] = 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.14–0.43, p < 0.001) and postoperative complications (RR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.23–0.39, p < 0.001) for CRC stoma patients compared with the control group. Therefore, continuous nursing intervention should be promoted for use in clinical care.
Impact of surgical site infection after open and laparoscopic surgery among paediatric appendicitis patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Jun , Wang Qian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOperative site wound infection is one of the most frequent infections in surgery. A variety of studies have shown that the results of laparoscopy might be superior to those of an open procedure. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of clarity as to whether there is a difference between open and laparoscopy with respect to the occurrence of wound infections in different paediatric operations. In this review, we looked at randomized, controlled studies that directly measured the rate of wound infection following an appendectomy with a laparoscope. We looked up four main databases for randomized, controlled studies that compare the treatment of paediatric appendicitis with laparoscopy. The surgeries included appendectomy. Through our search, we have determined 323 related papers and selected five qualified ones to be analysed according to the eligibility criteria. Five trials were also assessed for the quality of the documents. In the 5 trials, there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of post‐operative wound infection among the paediatric appendectomy and the open‐access group (odds ratio [OR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34–1.15, p = 0.13). The four trials did not show any statistically significant difference in abdominal abscesses among the laparoscopic and open‐access treatment groups (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 0.90–3.01, p = 0.11). The four trials did not reveal any statistically significant difference in operating time (mean difference, −4.36; 95% CI, −17.31 to 8.59, p = 0.51). In light of these findings, the use of laparoscopy as compared with the open‐approach approach in paediatric appendectomies is not associated with a reduction in the risk of wound infection.
Barriers and facilitators to opioid deprescribing among Advanced Nurse Practitioners: A qualitative interview study
Authors: McCann Claire , McCauley Claire Odile , Harkin Deirdre 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the experiences primary care Advanced Nurse Practitioners have had in relation to deprescribing opioids in chronic non‐malignant pain.DesignA qualitative interview study.MethodsPrimary care Advanced Nurse Practitioners were recruited from across the Northern Ireland GP Federations. Data collection for this study took place between April and June 2022. In total, 10 semi‐structured online interviews were conducted. Interviews were audio and visually recorded, transcribed verbatim and interpreted using a thematic analysis framework. The COREQ criteria were used to guide the reporting of this study.ResultsThe Advanced Nurse Practitioners experienced several challenges associated with opioid deprescribing and the implementation of current chronic pain guidelines. The main barriers identified were difficulties engaging patients in deprescribing discussions, a lack of availability of supportive therapies and poor access to secondary care services. The barriers identified directly impacted on their ability to deliver best practice which resulted in a sense of professional powerlessness.ConclusionThe experiences of the Advanced Nurse Practitioners demonstrate that opioid deprescribing in patients with chronic pain is challenging, and implementation of current chronic pain guidelines is difficult.ImpactThis study contributes to existing literature on the topic of reducing opioid prescribing and as far as the authors are aware, is the first study to examine the experiences of primary care advanced nurse practitioners in this context. These findings will be of interest to other primary care practitioners, and prescribers involved in the management of chronic non‐malignant pain.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Debt capacity, cash holdings and financial constraints
Authors: Lu Chien‐Lin , Chen Hsuan‐Chi , Chou Robin K. , Lin Chih‐Yung 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this study, we explore the relationship among debt capacity, cash holdings and financial constraints by using the deviation in leverage as a proxy for debt capacity. Our findings show a positive relationship between cash holdings and debt capacity. Furthermore, financially constrained firms benefit more from holding cash that leads to larger increases in debt capacity and easier access to bank loans and credit lines by reducing the heterogeneous beliefs of creditors. Our results indicate that cash holdings complement debt capacity for financially constrained firms.
Experimenting with computational thinking for knowledge transfer in engineering robotics
Authors: Chichekian Tanya , Trudeau Joel , Jawhar Tawfiq , Corliss Dylan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite its obvious relevance to computer science, computational thinking (CT) is transdisciplinary with the potential of impacting one's analytical ability. Although countless efforts have been invested across K‐12 education, there is a paucity of research at the postsecondary level about the extent to which CT can contribute to sustainable learning outcomes.ObjectivesThe current study examines how a series of Arduino‐based robotics learning activities capture the fuller essence of concepts related to CT.MethodsCollege students (n = 50) completed a series of six robotics learning activities. Think‐alouds, student reflections and performance scores were used to assess students' CT through a robotics challenge in virtual and physical learning environments.Results and ConclusionsStudents verbalized CT concepts related to algorithmic thinking much more than abstraction, problem decomposition and testing and debugging. Students exposed to active learning performed better in a virtual robotics challenge compared to their peers in a traditional‐oriented classroom. Students' scores on the physical robotics challenge increased as a function of the number of references they made to CT concepts during the think‐alouds. It is possible to design pedagogical experiences that tap into various dimensions of CT at incremental levels of complexity through a series of Arduino‐based robotics activities. With the integration of an online simulation, students can visualize and transfer their CT skills between a virtual and physical learning environment, thus leading to more sustainable learning outcomes.
The perception of lip aesthetics in the context of facial proportions—An eye‐tracking‐based analysis
Authors: Kempa Joanna , Alfertshofer Michael , Swift Arthur , Green Jeremy B. , Antoszewski Boguslaw , Timler Wojciech , Cotofana Sebastian , Kasielska‐Trojan Anna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive lip volumizing and contouring soft tissue filler procedures are frequently requested by both female and male aesthetic patients. Guidance on how to achieve the most beautiful outcome is inconsistent.ObjectiveTo investigate what the most beautiful proportions are in relation to vermillion thickness, the distance of the upper and lower lip in relation to nose and chin, and relation to the bigonial distance.MethodsThis study included a total of n = 101 volunteers (52 females, 49 males, 100% Caucasian) who inspected frontal images of modified facial proportions and answered a related questionnaire showcasing the same images. Image presentation followed a randomized sequence both for the eye tracking and for the survey component of this study but was equal for all observers.ResultsThe most attractive vertical position of lips was the 1:2 ratio in which the distance between lips and chin is double the length as the distance between lips and nose. For the ratio between the width of the lips and the bigonial distance, it was the 1:2.5 ratio, whereas for the thickness of the upper lip vermilion in relation to the upper lip ergotrid it was the 1:3/1:2 (male/female) ratio and for the lower lip vermilion and lower lip ergotrid it was the 1:4 ratio for both genders.ConclusionThe results of this eye tracking and survey‐based investigation revealed that instead of one single universal ratio, multiple facial proportions exist that are perceived as most attractive/masculine/feminine. Regarding the perception of facial aesthetics, it appears there is a distinction between attractiveness and masculinity/femininity: the most attractive male/female face is not necessarily the most masculine or feminine.
Prevalence of the endoparasitoid Verrallia aucta in Central Scotland: A potential biocontrol for Philaenus spumarius (Hemiptera, Aphrophoridae), an important vector of Xylella fastidiosa
Authors: McCaw Beth A. , Cairns Rebecca , Rogerson Samuel P. , Lester Katherine 
Published: December 2023

AbstractXylella fastidiosa is a bacterial plant pathogen transmitted by xylem‐feeding insect vectors such as the meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (Hemiptera, suborder Auchenorrhyncha, family Aphrophoridae). Although X. fastidiosa is not currently found in the UK, methods for reducing vector populations will play an important role in controlling the spread of disease in the event X. fastidiosa is introduced. The endoparasitoid big‐headed fly, Verrallia aucta Fallén 1817 (Diptera, Pipunculidae), is a parasite specific to Aphrophoridae and has the potential to be used as a biological control agent; however, there is limited information available on its current presence and prevalence in Scotland. This study used Sanger sequencing and morphology to identify V. aucta within Central Scotland. Additionally, four species of adult Auchenorrhyncha collected during Summer 2021 from sites across Central Scotland were molecularly screened for presence of V. aucta parasitism. Sex and habitat prevalence in V. aucta parasitism in P. spumarius was also examined. Findings from this study demonstrate V. aucta is present in Scotland and specifically parasitizes Aphrophoridae. Parasitism rates of P. spumarius ranged between 17% and 57%, with both male and female adult P. spumarius parasitized equally and rates differing according to habitat. Together, this study improved our knowledge and understanding of the parasitism rate, distribution and nature of V. aucta parasitism in Scotland. Further work is required to strengthen our understanding of the host–parasite relationship and take the first steps towards using V. aucta as a natural biocontrol agent to protect plants against transmission of X. fastidiosa.
Recent advances in cholinergic mechanisms: A preface for the ISCM2022 special issue
Authors: Kovarik Zrinka , Soreq Hermona 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis preface introduces the Journal of Neurochemistry special issue on Cholinergic Mechanisms that highlights the progress in the molecular, structural, neurochemical, pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical studies of the cholinergic system which underline its complexity and impact on health and disease. This issue comprises of (systematic) reviews and original articles, the majority of which have been presented at the 17th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms (ISCM2022) held in Dubrovnik, Croatia in May 2022. The symposium brought together leading “Cholinergikers” to shed new light on cholinergic transmission, ranging from the molecular to the clinical and cognitive mechanisms.image
The empirics of technology, employment and occupations: Lessons learned and challenges ahead
Authors: Montobbio Fabio , Staccioli Jacopo , Virgillito Maria Enrica , Vivarelli Marco 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper is a critical review of the empirical literature resulting from recent years of debate and analysis regarding technology and employment and the future of work as threatened by technology, outlining both lessons learned and challenges ahead. We distinguish three waves of studies and relate their heterogeneous findings to the choice of technological proxies, the level of aggregation, the adopted research methodology and to the relative focus on robots, automation and AI. The challenges ahead include the need for awareness of possible ex‐ante biases associated with the adopted proxies for innovation; the recognition of the trade‐off between microeconometric precision and a more holistic macroeconomic approach; the need for granular analysis of the reallocation and transformation of occupations and tasks brought about by different types of new technologies; the call for a closer focus on impacts on labor quality, in terms of types of jobs and working conditions.
Artificial Intelligence, Education, and Entrepreneurship
Authors: GOFMAN MICHAEL , JIN ZHAO 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTWe document an unprecedented brain drain of Artificial Intelligence (AI) professors from universities from 2004 to 2018. We find that students from the affected universities establish fewer AI startups and raise less funding. The brain‐drain effect is significant for tenured professors, professors from top universities, and deep‐learning professors. Additional evidence suggests that unobserved city‐ and university‐level shocks are unlikely to drive our results. We consider several economic channels for the findings. The most consistent explanation is that professors' departures reduce startup founders' AI knowledge, which we find is an important factor for successful startup formation and fundraising.
Calibration improves the agreement in grading oral epithelial dysplasia—Findings from a National Workshop in Malaysia
Authors: Kallarakkal Thomas George , Zaini Zuraiza Mohamad , Ghani Wan Maria Nabillah , Karen‐Ng Lee Peng , Siriwardena B. S. M. S. , Cheong Sok Ching , Tilakaratne Wanninayake Mudiyanselage 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionA major pitfall of many of the established oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) grading criteria is their lack of reproducibility and accuracy to predict malignant transformation. The main objective of this study was to determine whether calibration of practicing oral pathologists on OED grading could improve the reproducibility of the WHO 2017 and the binary OED grading systems.MethodsA nationwide online exercise was carried out to determine the influence of calibration on the reproducibility of the WHO 2017 and the binary OED grading systems.ResultsA significant improvement was observed in the inter‐observer agreement for the WHO 2017 OED grading system (K0.196 vs. 0.448;Kw0.357 vs. 0.562) after the calibration exercise. The significant difference (p = 0.027) in the level of agreement between those with five or more years and less than 5 years of experience was no more observed (p = 0.426) after the calibration exercise. The percent agreement for binary grading was significantly higher (91.8%) for buccal mucosal lesions as compared to lesions on the tongue after the calibration exercise.ConclusionThis study validates the significance of calibration in improving the reproducibility of OED grading. The nationwide exercise resulted in a statistically significant improvement in the inter‐observer agreement for the WHO 2017 OED grading system among a large number of oral pathologists. It is highly recommended that similar exercises should be organized periodically by professional bodies responsible for continuing education among oral pathologists to improve the reliability of OED grading for optimal treatment of oral potentially malignant disorders.
Persistent pruritus associated with worse quality of life in patients with chronic hepatitis
Authors: Lu Mei , Rupp Loralee B. , Melkonian Christina , Trudeau Sheri , Daida Yihe G. , Schmidt Mark A. , Gordon Stuart C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionPrevalence and severity of pruritus among US patients with chronic hepatitis B and C (HBV, HCV) are not well‐documented. Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study (CHeCS) patients were surveyed to examine pruritus prevalence and impact on quality of life (QoL).MethodsPatients who reported experiencing pruritus ≥3 on a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) within the past 30 days were invited to participate in a 6‐month study using the SF‐36 questionnaire. General regression (univariate followed by multivariable modelling) was used to analyse pruritus intensity and eight QoL dimensions.ResultsAmong 1654 patients (HBV = 358, HCV = 1296, HBV/HCV = 6), pruritus prevalence was significantly higher among patients with HCV than those with HBV (44% vs. 35%; p < .05). One hundred and twenty‐three patients (21 HBV and 102 HCV) participated in the QoL study (72% ≥60 years; 50% men; 25% Black; 37% with cirrhosis; 66% had BMI > 25). Mean NRS was 4.9–5.3. QoL responses for social functioning and emotional well‐being were higher (70–72 points) than responses for energy/fatigue (50–51). Antiviral treatment rates were higher in HCV (92%, SVR 99%) than HBV (71% ever, 43% ongoing). Multivariable analyses showed no significant effect of hepatitis type or antiviral treatments on itch. Antihistamines were associated with severe itch. Higher NRS was associated with significantly reduced QoL. Each unit increase in NRS was associated with a 2–3 unit decline in emotional well‐being, general health, physical function, energy/fatigue, social functioning and emotional health.ConclusionPruritus negatively affects many viral hepatitis patients, regardless of antiviral treatment status. Improved treatment options are needed to address its impact on QoL.
Habitat suitability as an indicator of urbanisation potential in four UK mammals
Authors: Fung Uva Yu Yan , Carbone Chris , Scott‐Gatty Kate , Freeman Robin , Ewers Robert M. , Turner Jessica 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Urban environments provide opportunities for some species but are inhospitable for others. However, those which thrive can be found at higher densities in human‐dominated landscapes than in more rural habitats. This highlights the importance of understanding species responses to human environments. It is not only important for the conservation of urban wildlife but also may provide fundamental insights into human‐wildlife coexistence globally.

Here, we use citizen science data to predict the habitat suitability of Greater London for the West European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus), the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), the European badger (Meles meles) and the Eastern grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis).

Results indicate that the four target species prefer different urban habitats, indicating different levels of urbanisation potential. Foxes and grey squirrels are able to thrive in inner urban areas, with the highest values of habitat suitability for these species found in central London, whereas for hedgehogs and badgers, the highest habitat suitability occurs in suburban and more rural habitats in outer London, respectively.

These results highlight a gradient in urban tolerance, from squirrels and foxes to hedgehogs and badgers. This work also shows the importance of urban green spaces as habitats for wildlife.
Compassion in action: Exploring the relationship between nurse conscientious intelligence and palliative care
Authors: Özden Gürkan , Parlar Kılıç Serap 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgorundConscience is a concept that is the foundation of nursing, guiding nurses to ethical practices, and helping them to provide the best professional care possible. Conscience enables nurses to be understanding and careful in patient care.AimThe study had three aims: (1) to determine the level of conscientious intelligence and palliative care practice of intensive care nurses; (2) to determine the effect of sociodemographic and occupational variables on conscientious intelligence and palliative care practices; and (3) to examine the relationship between conscientious intelligence and palliative care practice.MethodsThis study was designed as a descriptive–correlative study. The sample consisted of 157 nurses from a university hospital. The data were collected using questionnaire form, Conscientious Intelligence Scale and the Palliative Care Self‐Reported Practices Scale between February and March 2021.ResultsBy the general multivariate linear model, while age, educational level, professional experience, total term of employment in the clinic, and training in palliative care were important predictors of palliative care practices, age and gender were significant predictors of conscientious intelligence. It was concluded that the level of palliative care practice of intensive care nurses with a high level of conscientiousness was also higher.ConclusionThe conscientious intelligence levels of intensive care nurses positively affected palliative care practices. It can be said that it is important for nurses to combine their conscience with their professional knowledge and skills while providing care services.Relevance to Clinical PracticeIn the realm of nursing, it is imperative for professionals to not only possess knowledge and competence, but also to act with conscience when caring for patients. This study demonstrated that nurses with heightened conscientious awareness are more adept at providing palliative care. Consequently, it is vital to support practices and training that foster conscientiousness among nurses, who must exercise patience and diligence in their careers.