bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gas‐liquid mass transfer in bubble columns with a T‐junction nozzle for gas dispersion
Authors: Laari Arto , Kallas Juha , Palosaari Seppo 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBubble break‐up, gas holdup, and the gas‐liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient are studied in a bubble column reactor with simultaneous injection of a gas and liquid through a T‐junction nozzle. The theoretical dependence of bubble break‐up and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient on liquid velocity in the nozzle is developed on the basis of isotropic turbulence theory. It is shown that correlations which are developed based on liquid jet kinetic power per nozzle volume explain average gas holdup and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient within an error of 15% for all gas and liquid flow rates and nozzle diameters used. Experiments with a larger scale column, height 4.64 m and diameter 0.98 m, show a transition from homogeneous to heterogeneous flow at a certain liquid flow rate through the nozzle. Liquid composition was found to have a significant effect on gas‐liquid mass transfer. A phenol concentration of 10–30 mg/l in water increases the volumetric mass transfer coefficient of oxygen by 100%. This phenomenon may have significance in the chemical oxidation of wastewater.
Transalkylation of biphenyl over zeolites: Optimizing the reaction conditions and kinetic modeling
Authors: Brechtelsbauer Clemens , Emig Gerhard 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe shape‐selective transalkylation of biphenyl with pentamethylbenzene over ultrastable Y‐faujasites to produce para‐methylated biphenyls was studied in the liquid slurry phase. The reaction was carried out in a discontinuously operated stainless steel autoclave using n‐heptane as the solvent with a temperature range of 513 to 533 K and a pressure of 3 MPa. As for the progress of the reaction the presence of strong Brønsted acid sites was essential, an ultrastable faujasite treated with aqueous hydrochloric acid having a high content of those sites was used as the catalyst. Thus, a yield of the target product 4,4′‐dimethylbiphenyl of above 11% referring to biphenyl could be achieved. The effect of the operating conditions on the formation of the target product was investigated. The decisive influence was acted out by the molar ratio of biphenyl to alkylating agent, in so far as a surplus of pentamethylbenzene of 7:1 referring to biphenyl enhanced the yield of the target product to 14%. The kinetics of the reaction could be successfully descibed with a lumped reaction scheme, introducing pseudo components, summarizing structural isomers, and pseudo reactions, such as the formation of coke.
The characteristics of wave propagation in a vibrating fluidized bed
Authors: Wang Tingjie , Jin Yong , Wang Zhanwen , Yu Zhiqing 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBased on experiments, this paper describes that the vibration energy imported to a packed bed is through the collision between the vibration plate and the bed, and the vibration energy imported to a fluidized bed is through continuous wave propagation. A new type sensor was used to measure the wave signals in VFB. The wave characteristics are affected by bed properties. By analyzing the wave frequency spectrum, the bubble's behavior in the bed can be followed.
Secondary nucleation of sodium chlorate studied with the aid of asymmetric crystallization
Authors: Mayer Christoph , Lacmann Rolf 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe size‐dependent breeding of sodium chlorate crystals can be determined by carrying out experiments with seed crystals of optical antipodes of different sizes that undergo absolutely identical experimental conditions. Small portions of right‐ and left‐handed seed crystals of different sizes were used. The number density distributions of the two opposite forms led to the total numbers of D‐ and L‐crystals. The nucleation from different seed sizes under identical experimental conditions was found to be proportional to L4 in agreement with Clontz et al. [1] and Bennett et al. [2]. A computer program for the modelling of batch crystallization was used to calculate the development of the nucleation process. The data for the supersaturation course and for the development of the population of the right‐ and left‐handed crystals are in good agreement with the experimental results. Only few generations (one or two) of secondary nucleation are being built during the process because of the strong influence of the size of crystals on the nucleation rate. The formation of two generations of secondary nuclei could be observed during three‐hour batch crystallization runs.
Systematic Study on Crystal Structure and Properties of FeSr2LnCu2O7+δ (Ln: La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, and Yb).
Authors: Yang L. T. , Liang J. K. , Liu Q. L. , Fan H. M. , Song G. B. , Feng X. M. , Yang H. F. , Rao G. H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Systematic Synthesis and Characterization of Single‐Crystal Lanthanide Orthophosphate Nanowires.
Authors: Fang Yue‐Ping , Xu An‐Wu , Song Rui‐Qi , Zhang Hua‐Xin , You Li‐Ping , Yu Jimmy C. , Liu Han‐Qin 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Magnetic Properties of Tb1‐xYxMn6Sn6 Compounds.
Authors: Zajkov N. K. , Mushnikov N. V. , Gerasimov E. G. , Gavikov V. S. , Bartashevich M. I. , Goto T. , Khrabrov V. I. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
(C6H14N2) {Zn[ZnB2P4O15(OH)2] ×(C6H13N2)Cl}: A New Templated Zincoborophosphate.
Authors: Huang Ya‐Xi , Schaefer Gerd , Carrillo‐Cabrera Wilder , Borrmann Horst , Gil Raul Cardoso , Kniep Ruediger 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel and Efficient Organic Liquid Electrolytes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Based on a Ru(II) Terpyridyl Complex Photosensitizer.
Authors: Hara Kohjiro , Nishikawa Takeshi , Sayama Kazuhiro , Aika Kenichi , Arakawa Hironori 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Novel P‐Ketimine Bidentate Ferrocenyl Ligands with Central and Planar Chirality and Comparison in the Catalytic Activity Between P‐Ketimine and P‐Aldimine.
Authors: Hu Xiangping , Chen Huilin , Dai Huicong , Zheng Zhuo 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of 2,6‐Disubstituted 2H‐Dihydropyrans via a Catalytic Hetero‐Diels—Alder/Allylboration Sequence.
Authors: Deligny Michael , Carreaux Francois , Toupet Loic , Carboni Bertrand 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Multicenter Strategy for the Development of Catalytic Enantioselective Nucleophilic Alkylation of Ketones: Me2Zn Addition to α‐Ketoesters.
Authors: Funabashi Ken , Jachmann Markus , Kanai Motomu , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Applications of Camphor‐Derived P,N‐Ligands for Asymmetric Pd‐ and Ir‐Catalyzed Reactions.
Authors: Bunlaksananusorn Tanasri , Perez Luna Alejandro , Bonin Martine , Micouin Laurent , Knochel Paul 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Addition of Diazoalkanes to Enynes Promoted by a Ruthenium Catalyst: Simple Synthesis of Alkenyl Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane Derivatives.
Authors: Monnier Florian , Castillo Dante , Derien Sylvie , Toupet Loic , Dixneuf Pierre H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Studies on the Reaction of Unsymmetrical Trifluoromethyl 1,2‐Phenylenediamine with Various Ketones Leading to Novel Fluorinated Heterocycles.
Authors: Reddy G. Venkat , Rao V. V. V. N. S. Rama , Maitraie D. , Ravikanth S. , Yadla R. , Reddy S. N. , Narsaiah B. , Rao P. Shanthan 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Comments on a Conversion of Epoxides to Halohydrins with Elemental Halogen Catalyzed by Phenylhydrazine: Tandem Electrophilic Halogenation of Aromatic Compounds and Epoxide Ring Opening to Halohydrins.
Authors: Soroka Miroslaw , Goldeman Waldemar , Malysa Piotr , Stochaj Monika 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1‐Fluoro‐2,4,6‐trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazinium Tetrafluoroborate: Synthesis, Characterization, and Ability to Effect Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution.
Authors: Banks R. Eric , Besheesh Mohamed K. , Fraenk Wolfgang , Klapoetke Thomas M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Convenient N‐Formylation of Secondary Amines: KF—Al2O3‐Promoted Synthesis of Formamide Derivatives via Dichlorocarbene Generated from Chloroform.
Authors: Mihara Masatoshi , Ishino Yoshio , Minakata Satoshi , Komatsu Mitsuo 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Heterodimerization of Olefins. Part 1. Hydrovinylation Reactions of Olefins that Are Amenable to Asymmetric Catalysis.
Authors: RajanBabu T. V. , Nomura Nobuyoshi , Jin Jian , Nandi Malay , Park Haengsoon , Sun Xiufeng 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Simple, Mild, and Practical Esterification, Thioesterification, and Amide Formation Utilizing p‐Toluenesulfonyl Chloride and N‐Methylimidazole.
Authors: Wakasugi Kazunori , Iida Akira , Misaki Tomonori , Nishii Yoshinori , Tanabe Yoo 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mild and Efficient Hydrolysis of Aromatic Thioacetals/Thioketals Using o‐Iodoxybenzoic Acid (IBX) in Presence of β‐Cyclodextrin in Water.
Authors: Krishnaveni N. Srilakshmi , Surendra K. , Nageswar Y. V. D. , Rao K. Rama 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Facile Method for Deprotection of O‐Allylphenols.
Authors: Yamada Makoto , Watanabe Shin‐ichi , Hoshino Osamu , Ishizaki Miyuki , Hayashida Maiko , Tanaka Atsuko , Hara Hiroshi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1,1,1‐Trichloro‐4,4‐diethoxy‐3‐buten‐2‐one and Its Trichloroacetylacetate Derivatives: Synthesis and Applications in Regiospecific Preparation of Azoles.
Authors: Martins Marcos A. P. , Pereira Claudio M. P. , Zimmermann Nilo E. K. , Moura Sidnei , Sinhorin Adilson P. , Cunico Wilson , Zanatta Nilo , Bonacorso Helio G. , Flores Alex C. F. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Addition Reaction of Vinylic Reagents, Derived from α‐Chloroenones, to Carbonyl Compounds Promoted by Samarium Diiodide.
Authors: Concellon Jose M. , Bernad Pablo L. , Huerta Monica , Garcia‐Granda Santiago , Diaz M. Rosario 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Diastereoselective Conjugate Addition to Alkylidene Bis(sulfoxides): Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)‐erythro‐Roccellic Acid.
Authors: Brebion Franck , Delouvrie Benedicte , Najera Francisco , Fensterbank Louis , Malacria Max , Vaissermann Jacqueline 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chiral Aziridine‐trans‐2,3‐dicarboxylic Acid Derivatives: Exciting History, Re‐examination and Structures.
Authors: Kostyanovsky Remir G. , Krutius Oleg N. , Stankevich Andrey A. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of NH‐3‐Phenylsulfanyl‐ and NH‐3‐Benzylsulfanyl‐azetidinones from 1‐Phenylsulfanyl‐ of 1‐Benzylsulfanyl‐3‐aza‐1,3‐dienes.
Authors: Panunzio Mauro , Bongini Alessandro , Tamanini Emiliano , Campana Eileen , Martelli Giorgio , Vicennati Paola , Zanardi Ilaria 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Unexpected Transformation of 3,4‐Diacylfuroxans into 3‐Acyl‐4‐acylaminofurazans in the Reaction with Nitriles.
Authors: Seregin Ilya V. , Ovchinnikov Igor V. , Makhova Nina N. , Lyubetsky Denis V. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Alkyl/Arylamino‐4‐oxo‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐3‐carboxaldehyde from 4‐Oxo‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐3‐carboxaldehyde.
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Chandrakanta , Sur Kumar Ranabir , Patra Ranjan , Banerjee Subhabrata 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New trans/cis Tetrahydroisoquinolines. Part 2. trans‐ and cis‐3‐(1‐Methyl‐1H‐pyrrol‐2‐yl)‐1‐ (2H)‐oxo‐2‐phenethyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolin‐4‐carboxylic Acids and Subsequent Transformations.
Authors: Stoyanova M. P. , Kozekov I. D. , Palamareva M. D. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
InBr3‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Glycals with Aryl Amines.
Authors: Yadav Jhillu S. , Reddy Basi V. S. , Rao Katta V. , Raj Kavuda Saritha , Prasad Atlaluri R. , Kumar Singarapu Kiran , Kunwar Ajit C. , Jayaprakash Panjula , Jagannath Bulusu 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Facile One‐Pot Microwave Induced Solvent‐Free Synthesis and Antifungal Antitubercular Screening of Spiro [1,5]‐Benzothiazepin‐2,3′[3′H]indol‐2[1′H]‐ones.
Authors: Dandia Anshu , Sati Meha , Arya Kapil , Sharma Rekha , Loupy Andre 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Synthesis of Natural Carotene Isorenieratene (Φ,Φ‐Carotene) and Its 3,3′‐Dimethoxy Analogue.
Authors: Valla Alain R. , Cartier Dominique L. , Valla Benoist G. , Le Guillou Regis Y. , Andriamialisoa Zo R. , Labia Roger , Breithaupt Dietmar E. , Savy Stephanie M. , Binet Adrien , Dufosse Laurent H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The 3,4‐O‐Carbonate Protecting Group as a β‐Directing Group in Rhamnopyranosylation in Both Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Glycosylations as Compared to the Chameleon‐Like 2,3‐O‐Carbonates.
Authors: Crich David , Vinod A. U. , Picione John 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Isolation of Abikoviromycin and Dihydroabikoviromycin as Inhibitors of Polyketide Synthase Involved in Melanin Biosynthesis by Colletotrichum lagenarium.
Authors: Maruyama Hiroki , Okamoto Susumu , Kubo Yasuyuki , Tsuji Gento , Fujii Isao , Ebizuka Yutaka , Furihata Keiko , Hayakawa Yoichi , Nagasawa Hiromichi , Sakuda Shohei 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Isolation, Structure, and HIV‐1 Integrase Inhibitory Activity of Xanthoviridicatin E and F, Two Novel Fungal Metabolites Produced by Penicillium chrysogenum.
Authors: Singh Sheo B. , Zink Deborah L. , Guan Ziqiang , Collado Javier , Pelaez Fernando , Felock Peter J. , Hazuda Daria J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Nitrogen and Sulfur Heterocycles via 5‐Arylimino‐4‐chloro‐5H‐1,2,3‐dithiazoles Arising from the Condensation of Aromatic Amines with Appel Salt
Authors: Thiery Valerie , Besson Thierry 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The effect of changes in tumor size on breast carcinoma survival in the U.S.: 1975–1999
Authors: Elkin Elena B. , Hudis Clifford , Begg Colin B. , Schrag Deborah 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDTemporal comparisons of case survival are commonly used to assess improvement in cancer treatment at the population level. However, such comparisons may be confounded by secular trends in disease prognosis, even within conventional stage categories. The objective of the current study was to characterize within‐stage migration of tumor size in breast carcinoma, and to estimate the effect of this shift on reported breast carcinoma survival.METHODSPopulation‐based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry data were used to evaluate secular trends in tumor size at the time of diagnosis and relative survival among localized and regional invasive breast carcinoma patients diagnosed between 1975–1999. Outcomes were stage‐specific tumor size distribution, 5‐year relative survival, relative survival standardized to the tumor size distribution of the cohort diagnosed between 1975–1979, and the percentage of improvement in relative survival attributable to shifts in tumor size distribution.RESULTSWithin each stage category, the proportion of smaller tumors increased significantly over time. Comparing patients diagnosed between 1995–1999 with those diagnosed between 1975–1979, within‐stage migration of tumor size accounted for 61% and 28%, respectively, of the relative survival increases noted in localized and regional breast carcinoma.CONCLUSIONSThe tumor size distribution of incident breast carcinomas in SEER has shifted toward smaller tumors. A substantial fraction of the improvement in breast carcinoma survival noted since 1975 may be attributable to within‐stage migration of tumor size. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Vital exhaustion and risk for cancer
Authors: Bergelt Corinna , Christensen Jane , Prescott Eva , Grønbæk Morten , Koch Uwe , Johansen Christoffer 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDVital exhaustion, defined as feelings of depression and fatigue, has previously been investigated mainly as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The authors investigated the association between depressive feelings and fatigue as covered by the concept of vital exhaustion and the risk for cancer.METHODSThe sample consisted of 8527 persons aged 21–94 who had been examined in 1991–1994 within the Copenhagen City Heart Study. For the analysis, the sample was divided into quartiles on the basis of vital exhaustion scores. Cancer cases were ascertained by linkage to the Danish Cancer Registry. The mean length of follow‐up was 8.6 years. Regression analyses for etiology‐based groups of cancer sites were conducted on the basis of the Cox proportional hazards model, with adjustment for a number of confounding variables.RESULTSCancer was diagnosed in 976 persons (12%) during follow‐up. In comparison to those with the lowest scores, persons with the highest vital exhaustion scores had a significantly decreased risk for developing cancer at all sites (hazard ratio [HR], 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI}, 0.66–0.96), smoking‐related cancers (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.46–0.90), and virus and immune‐related cancers (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.26–0.99). No significant change in risk was found for cancers related to alcohol consumption or hormones.CONCLUSIONSThe results did not support the hypothesis that symptoms of fatigue and depression, as ascertained in the vital exhaustion index, increased the risk for cancer. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Anorexia/cachexia‐related quality of life for children with cancer
Authors: Lai Jin‐Shei , Cella David , Peterman Amy , Barocas Joshua , Goldman Stewart 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnorexia is a common symptom in patients with cancer, which can lead to poor tolerance of treatment and can contribute to cachexia in extreme cases. Children with advanced‐stage cancer are especially vulnerable to malnutrition resulting from anorexia and cachexia. Currently, there are no instruments that measure common concerns specifically associated with anorexia and cachexia in children with cancer. The purpose of the current article was to test the psychometric properties of a newly developed pediatric Functional Assessment of Anorexia and Cachexia Therapy (peds‐FAACT) for children with cancer.METHODSNinety‐six patients (ages 7–17 yrs) receiving cancer treatment and their parents were asked to complete the 12‐item peds‐FAACT. The authors implemented both classical test theory and item response theory to evaluate the agreement between parents and patients, internal consistency and unidimensionality of the scale, and stability of items across subgroups.RESULTSAs a result, a patient‐reported six‐item scale was recommended as the core measure for all pediatric patients with cancer and four additional peripheral items were recommended for adolescent patients.CONCLUSIONSThe peds‐FAACT demonstrated good psychometric properties, differentiated patients with different functional performance status, and was determined to be a useful tool for future clinical trials. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Ritz finite element approach to nonlinear vibrations of a Timoshenko beam
Authors: Sarma B. S. , Varadan T. K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe Ritz finite element approach is used to study the nonlinear free vibrations of a beam considering shear deformation and rotary inertia effects. The governing nonlinear equations are derived using Lagrange equations at the point of reversal of motion. The nonlinear strain‐displacement relations include the curvature terms based on three‐dimensional incremental deformations, as used in Trefftz theory. A simple and efficient beam element, with three independent degrees‐of‐freedom at each node, and with linear polynomial distributions within the element, is made use of. The reduced integration technique is adopted on the shear related matrix to eliminate spurious constraints occurring when exact integration is used for the same in the case of slender beams. The governing equations are solved using a direct iteration scheme. Numerical results are presented in the form of tables for hinged‐hinged immovable beam. When the present results are compared with the available ones wherever possible, good agreement is in general, found.
Cubic B‐spline product integration formulae which only require values of the product function at the spline knots
Authors: Lewis B. A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis paper presents integration formulae for the product of a cubic spline with a non‐singular function, f(x). The formulae only employ the values of f(x) at the spline knots. A simple error analysis demonstrates the inefficiency of using all possible values of f(x) and alternative formulae are described.
An accurate explicit finite diference technique for solving the one‐dimensional wave equation
Authors: Noye B. J. , Rankovic M. J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA highly accurate finite difference method is developed for the classical wave equation in one spatial dimension. The derivation uses the ‘modified equaiton’ approach, whereby the partial differential equation actually solved by the finite difference equation is determined. By investigating the largest error terms, the new method is compared with the standard explicit method and a method developed by Twizell.2 Theoretical conclusions have been verified by using the methods to solve a simple problem for which an exact solution is available.
MacCormack's scheme applied to plane wave propagation in a linear viscoelastic solid
Authors: Lorimer S. A. , Haddow J. B. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA modification of MacCormack's finite difference scheme is applied to a one‐dimensional problem of plane wave propagation resulting from the sudden application of stress to the surface of a linear viscoelastic solid half‐space. A further modification is proposed which uses results from a wavefront expansion. Numerical results are presented which indicate the effect of the Courant number on numerical instability and numerical dispersion with, and without, the modification based on the wavefront expansion results.