bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Source of acquisition as a risk factor for disease and death in pups
Authors: Scarlett Janet M. , Saidla John E. , Pollock Roy V. H. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Data were obtained and analyzed for 2,144 pups examined at 65 veterinary hospitals in the northeastern United States to determine whether there were significant differences in the frequency of disease and death among pups acquired from private owners, Societies for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals/ pounds, breeders, or pet stores. All health problems reported by owners and veterinarians in the first 2 weeks of ownership were tabulated.
The prevalence of serious disease among pups (resulting in death, euthanasia, return, or extensive treatment) was < 4% for all sources and did not differ significantly between pet stores and other sources. Pups from pet stores had more respiratory tract disease, but fewer fleas and parasites of the intestinal tract. Data supplied by the veterinarians indicated that the risk of intestinal tract diseases was significantly (P ≤ 0.01) higher among pups from pet stores and Societies for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals/pounds, compared with those from private owners. The prevalence of reported behavioral and congenital problems did not differ among the 4 sources.
Developing an information resources management strategy for regulatory veterinary medicine: A national imperative
Authors: Miller Lawrence E. , Honeycutt Thomas L. , Cowen Peter , Morrow W. E. Morgan , Hueston William D. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Lack of a standardized information technology management strategy has resulted in state and federal information systems evolving separately, rather than in tandem. Absence of an information management strategy will eventually affect regulatory program management, epidemiologic research, and domestic and international livestock trade. Producers will ultimately pay the price for the lack of regulatory coordination of US animal health and disease information. The longer the development of state and federal information technology management strategies is postponed, the more cost-, labor-, and time-intensive correcting the deficiency will be. Development of a national information resources management environment is the first step in constructing state and federal information technology strategies.
Comparison of clinical signs, diagnostic findings, organisms isolated, and clinical outcome in dogs with bacterial pneumonia: 93 cases (1986-1991)
Authors: Jameson Perry H. , King L. A. , Lappin Michael R. , Jones Robert L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records were reviewed for 93 dogs with bacterial pneumonia from which transtracheal aspiration samples were obtained for culturing of Mycoplasma spp and aerobic bacteria. On the basis of culture results, there were 65 Mycoplasma-positive dogs, including 7 dogs for which only Mycoplasma spp were isolated, and 28 Mycoplasma-negative dogs. Most dogs were > 5 years old, and differences in breed or gender distribution among the 3 groups of dogs were not detected. Hematologic and serum biochemical analysis results did not differ significantly between Mycoplasma-positive and Mycoplasma-negative dogs. Fifty-three of 93 (57%) dogs had a concurrent medical problem that may have predisposed them to developing bacterial pneumonia as a sequelae to aspiration or immunosuppression. Mycoplasma-positive dogs were significantly (P < 0.005) more likely to have > 1 species of bacteria isolated from their transtracheal aspiration samples. Clinical outcome was favorable when antimicrobials were selected on the basis of antimicrobial susceptibility results for the other bacterial isolates and not on results of the antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma spp. It could not be determined whether Mycoplasma spp were primary pathogens or only opportunists.
Lipid metabolism in horses with hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: van der Kolk J. H. , Wensing Th. , Kalsbeek H. C. , Breukink H. J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Lipid metabolism was studied in 21 horses with hyperadrenocorticism. To be included in the study, horses had to have histologic evidence of a pars intermedia adenoma found at necropsy (n = 9), a baseline ACTH concentration greater than 400 pg/ml (n = 6), or a plasma cortisol concentration 2 hours after iv administration of 25 IU of acth greater than 413 nmol/Lin = 16).
Mean ± sd baseline plasma cortisol concentration was 338 ± 261 nmol/L (n = 20), mean ± sd plasma insulin concentration was 97 ± 54 μU/ml (n = 15), mean ± sd plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentration was 1.8 ± 1.2 mg/dl (n = 21), and mean ± sd plasma nonesterified fatty acids concentration was 6.2 ± 6.4 mg/dl (n = 21). None of the horses had hyperlipemia.
Compared with clinically normal horses, horses with hyperadrenocorticism had increased lipolysis and increased ketogenesis. It was concluded that cortisol cannot be the sole factor contributing to insulin resistance in horses with hyperadrenocorticism.
Intrahepatic and extrahepatic portal venous anomalies in dogs: 52 cases (1982-1992)
Authors: Bostwick David R. , Twedt David C. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 52 dogs born with portal venous anomalies (PVA) were reviewed and separated into 2 groups, based on anatomic location of the shunt (intrahepatic vs extrahepatic). Statistical analysis was used to compare the groups with respect to presurgical clinicopathologic data, as well as to compare presurgical clinicopathologic data with postoperative mortality.
Three presurgical predictors of location were identified. Mean body weight at admission was statistically different (P = 0.0001) between dogs with an intrahepatic PVA (mean, 15 kg) and those with an extrahepatic PVA (mean, 4.8 kg). Blood glucose concentration was significantly (P = 0.028) higher in dogs with an intrahepatic PVA (mean, 99.8 mg/dl) than in dogs with an extrahepatic PVA (mean, 85.1 mg/dl). The third significant (P = 0.036) predictor of location was degree of elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase concentration. The intrahepatic location resulted in a concentration 3.2 times that of the reference value, whereas an extrahepatic location resulted in a 1.7 times increase.
Two predictors of early postoperative mortality were identified. In comparing the 2 groups, significant differences in PCV before surgery (P = 0.04) and in rectal temperature after surgery (P = 0.002) were found. Dogs that survived had a mean presurgical PCV of 36% and a mean postoperative rectal temperature of 35.7 C, whereas nonsurvivors had a mean presurgical PCV of 40.6% and a mean temperature of 34.3 C. There was no significant difference between nonsurvivors and survivors with respect to postligation portal pressure or change in portal pressure after ligation. Overall mortality was 15%.
Racing performance after hemicircumferential periosteal transection for angular limb deformities in Thoroughbreds: 199 cases (1987–1989)
Authors: Mitten L. A. , Bramlage L. R. , Embertson R. M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Racing records of 199 Thoroughbred foals with angular limb deformities surgically treated by hemicircumferential periosteal transection and elevation (hcpt) from 1987 through 1989 (principals) were compared with records of their 1,017 siblings (controls) for starting status; 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old starts; earnings and earnings per start; and starts percentile ranking number (spr). Principals had a slightly lower percentage of horses starting a race (45 vs 55%), fewer 2-year-old starts (1.06 vs 1.72), and lower spr (33.49 vs 49.18), compared with those of controls (P < 0.05). Starting status was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by surgery and the horse's sex, but not by anatomic site treated. Fillies were 1.74 times less likely to start than were colts, regardless of surgery, whereas principal fillies were 2.63 times less likely to start than were control colts. Difference was not detected between principals and controls in 3- or 4-year-old starts; 2-, 3-, or 4-year-old earnings, or earnings per start. Horses treated with distal metacarpal/metatarsal hcpt had fewer 2-year-old starts (1.09 vs 2.19), but did not have a significantly different spr or lower starting percentage, compared with values for controls. Horses treated with distal radial hcpt had lower starting percentage (48 vs 55%), fewer 2-year-old starts (1.22 vs 1.70), and lower spr (32.53 vs 53.32), compared with those of controls. Horses treated with hcpt in 2 or more anatomic sites (ie, distal part of radius and metacarpal bones) had a lower starting percentage (33 vs 53%), fewer 2-year-old (0.65 vs 2.74) and 3-year-old starts (2.93 vs 4.76), and lower spr (23.20 vs 37.25) than had controls. Performance in horses treated with hcpt at 2 or more anatomic sites thus was worse (ie, more performance measures differed from those of their siblings), compared with that in horses treated at the distal part of the metacarpal/metatarsal bone III or radius.
Photocoagulation of limbal melanoma in dogs and cats: 15 cases (1989–1993)
Authors: Sullivan T. C. , Nasisse M. P. , Davidson M. G. , Glover T. L. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate immediate clinical effects and long-term results of neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser treatment of limbal melanoma in dogs and cats.

Design
Retrospective case series.

Animals
13 dogs and 2 cats.

Results
At the time of treatment, 9 tumors were progressively enlarging and 4 were static. Recent growth characteristics of 2 tumors were not reported. Total energy applied ranged from 7.5 to 572 J. In all eyes, pigmented tissue shrank after treatment; however, 3 tumors recurred, 1 at 3 months and 2 at 1 year after treatment.

Clinical Implications
Photocoagulation may be an effective means of treating limbal melanoma in dogs and cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:891–894)
Analysis of spatial and temporal clustering of horses with Salmonella krefeld in an intensive care unit of a veterinary hospital
Authors: Paré Julie , Carpenter Tim E. , Thurmond Mark C. 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveTo determine whether clustering existed in the spatial or temporal distribution of horses that shed Salmonella krefeld in their feces during hospitalization.
Design
Retrospective analysis of medical records.
Animals219 horses housed in the intensive care unit of a veterinary medical teaching hospital from October 1991 through May 1992.
ProcedureBacteriologic culturing of fecal samples was used to identify horses shedding S krefeld. For affected horses, the scan statistic was used to analyze temporal clustering, and Knox's method was used to analyze temporal-spatial clustering.
Results20 horses were identified as shedding S krefeld in their feces. Significant temporal clustering of affected horses was observed for periods of 5, 6, 7, and 8 days. Temporal-spatial analysis did not detect a significant distribution for any combination of time and distance among affected horses.
Clinical ImplicationsDetection of temporal clustering and concurrent random temporal-spatial distribution of affected horses suggested that affected horses were grouped in time, but means of transmission was not related to proximity between horses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:626-628)
Measurement of urinary urea nitrogen content as an estimate of the amount of total urinary nitrogen loss in dogs in intensive care units
Authors: Michel Kathryn E. , King Lesley G. , Ostro Ernest 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To investigate whether urinary urea nitrogen (UUN) content can be used to accurately estimate total urinary nitrogen content in hospitalized dogs.

Design
Prospective, cohort study.

Animals
24 client-owned dogs admitted to an intensive care unit of a veterinary teaching hospital.

Procedure
Indwelling urinary catheters and closed collection systems were placed for the purpose of monitoring urine output. Urine was collected during a 24-hour period from each dog. For each collection, the total volume was measured. Urine was analyzed for urea nitrogen content at an in-house laboratory, using standard methods for determination of BUN content. Total urinary nitrogen content was determined by another laboratory, using Kjeldahl's method. Correlation between UUN content and total urinary nitrogen content was evaluated by use of linear regression analysis.

Results
Total urinary nitrogen content adjusted for metabolic body weight ranged from 0.21 to 2.21 g/ kg0.75/d (mean ± SD, 0.81 ± 0.46 g/kg0.75/d). Adjusted UUN content ranged from 0.05 to 1.50 g/kg0.75/d (0.54 ± 0.38 g/kg0.75/d). Total urinary nitrogen content was highly correlated with UUN content (R2, 0.88; P < 0.001).

Clinical Implications
Measurement of UUN content can be used to estimate total urinary nitrogen content in a clinical setting. Furthermore, critical illness in dogs is associated with substantial catabolism of endogenous proteins. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 210:356–359
Seroprevalence of antibodies to Sarcocystis neurona in horses residing in Oregon
Authors: Blythe Linda L. , Granstrom David E. , Hansen Donald E. , Walker Lori L. , Bartlett Jill , Stamper Shelby 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine seroprevalence of antibodies to Sarcocystis neurona in neurologically normal horses residing in 4 regions of Oregon and to describe the effects of age, gender, breed, and housing on seroprevalence within each region.

Design
Prevalence survey.

Sample Population
Serum samples from 334 horses systematically selected by practicing veterinarians.

Procedure
Antibodies to S neurona were measured in sera, using a western blot. Information including age, gender, breed, housing, geographic location, and duration of residence was obtained for each horse. Data were analyzed, using descriptive statistics.

Results
45% (149/334) of horses evaluated were seropositive for antibodies to S neurona with significant differences in the percentage of seropositive horses from different regions of the state. Seroprevalances of antibodies to S neurona in horses in regions I and II, west of the Cascade Range, were 65 and 60%, respectively; whereas seroprevalances in central and eastern Oregon, regions III and IV, were 43 and 22%, respectively. Seroprevalence consistently increased with age of horse for each region.
Gender, breed, and housing were not associated with significant differences in seroprevalence of antibodies to S neurona in the overall sample population, or in comparisons of samples obtained from horses within a particular region, or among samples obtained from horses residing in different regions.

Clinical Implications
The high seroprevalence of antibodies to S neurona in neurologically normal horses indicates that analysis of serum alone would not be useful for definitive diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis in horses in Oregon. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:525–527)
Randomized controlled trial of cyclosporine for treatment of perianal fistulas in dogs
Authors: Mathews Karol A. , Sukhiani Hanif R. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate efficacy of cyclosporine for treatment of perianal fistulas in dogs.

Design
Randomized, controlled trial.

Animals
20 German Shepherd Dogs with naturally developing perianal fistulas.

Procedure
10 dogs were treated with cyclosporine; the other 10 dogs were given a placebo. Overall improvement and change in total surface area of involvement and depth of the deepest fistula were determined after 4 weeks. Thereafter, cyclosporine-group dogs were treated for an additional 12 weeks and control-group dogs were treated with cyclosporine for 16 weeks.

Results
All cyclosporine-group dogs, but none of the control-group dogs, were subjectively improved after 4 weeks. Mean total surface area and mean fistula depth decreased 78 and 62%, respectively, in the cyclosporine-group dogs but increased 29 and 11%, respectively, in the control-group dogs. After 16 weeks of cyclosporine treatment, fistulas had healed in 17 (85%) dogs. However, fistulas recurred in 7 of 17 dogs, and additional cyclosporine treatment or anal sacculectomy and surgical excision of fistulas was necessary.

Clinical Implications
Cyclosporine appeared to be effective in dogs with perianal fistulas. Even in dogs in which fistulas were not completely healed, cyclosporine administration appeared to be beneficial, because the surgical procedures that were required were less extensive than those that would have been necessary if cyclosporine had not been given. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:1249–1253)
Prevalence of and risk factors for fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in horses
Authors: Cole Dana J. , Cohen Noah D. , Snowden Karen , Smith Roger 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine prevalence of and risk factors for fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts among 3 populations of horses.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Animals
152 horses participating in the 1996 Texas State 4-H Horse Show, 144 horses examined by the veterinary teaching hospital, and 70 broodmares and their 10- to 21-day-old foals.

Procedure
Information on signalment and potential risk factors for fecal shedding of oocysts was obtained. Fecal samples were evaluated for oocysts by means of acid-fast (AF) staining, immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and, for selected samples, flow cytometry (FC).

Results
Results of the 3 diagnostic tests were significantly different. The best agreement was between results of the IFA and FC; AF staining and FC were more sensitive than the IFA, but AF staining was less specific. Fecal samples from 13 horses were classified as positive for oocysts. Risk factors for fecal shedding of oocysts included residence on 2 of 4 breeding farms involved in the study, age < 6 months, and history of diarrhea during the preceding 30 days. A municipal water source was implicated as a risk but could not be verified because of insufficient data.

Clinical Implications
Mature horses and exposure to cattle did not appear to be important sources of cryptosporidial infection for foals. Overall prevalence of C parvum infection among these horses was low, and C parvum infection appeared to be associated with particular farms, rather than an endemic opportunistic infection in horses.
Viability of an inguinal testis after laparoscopic cauterization and transection of its blood supply
Authors: Bergeron Jeffrey A. , Hendrickson Dean A. , McCue Patrick M. 
Published: December 2023

Laparoscopic castration of cryptorchid or hemicastrated horses is a viable surgical technique; however, transection of the spermatic chord to induce avascular necrosis of testicular tissue that is left in place can result in revascularization with subsequent production of testosterone and stallion-like behavior.
Endocrine tests, such as determination of testosterone concentration and the human chorionic gonadotropin response test, can be used to identify horses that presumably have been castrated but have viable testicular tissue.
Change in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration in response to administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone to healthy dogs, hypothyroid dogs, and euthyroid dogs with concurrent disease
Authors: Scott-Moncrieff J. Catharine R. , Nelson Richard W. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether measuring change in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) administration can be used as a test of thyroid function in dogs suspected of having hypothyroidism.

Design
Case-cohort study.

Animals
13 healthy dogs, 20 hypothyroid dogs, and 18 euthyroid dogs with concurrent diseases.

Procedure
Blood samples were collected before and 30 minutes after TRH administration, and serum TSH concentration was measured. The 13 healthy dogs were used to establish a reference range for change in TSH concentration after TRH administration. The remaining 38 dogs were categorized as hypothyroid or euthyroid on the basis of baseline total thyroxine (T4) and TSH concentrations, T4 concentration 4 hours after TRH administration, and clinical response to administration of sodium levothyroxine.

Results
Median baseline TSH concentration was 0.25 ng/ml (range, 0.03 to 0.44 ng/ml) in healthy dogs, 0.93 ng/ml (0.21 to 3.5 ng/ml) in hypothyroid dogs, and 0.21 ng/ml (0.03 to 0.63 ng/ml) in euthyroid dogs with concurrent diseases. Median percentage change in TSH concentration after TRH administration was 207% (range, 25 to 2,200%) in healthy dogs, 24% (-21 to 134%) in hypothyroid dogs, and 167% (69 to 1,800%) in euthyroid dogs with concurrent diseases. Overall accuracy of using the TRH-induced change in TSH concentration to identify hypothyroid dogs was 90%.

Clinical Implications
Although percentage change in TSH concentration in response to TRH administration can be used to differentiate euthyroid from hypothyroid dogs, the test has little advantage over measurement of baseline TSH and total or free T4concentration. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:1435-1438)
Management of rupture of the gastrocnemius and superficial digital flexor muscles with a modified Thomas splint-cast combination in a horse
Authors: Lescun Timothy B. , Hawkins Jan F. , Siems Jeffrey J. 
Published: December 2023

Rupture of the caudal reciprocal apparatus in horses can be managed successfully with placement of a modified Thomas splint-cast combination.
Osteochondrosis of the stifle joint can develop secondarily to trauma.
Prevalence of morphologic defects in spermatozoa from beef bulls
Authors: Johnson K. R. , Dewey C. E. , Bobo J. K. , Kelling C. L. , Lunstra D. D. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the overall prevalence of morphologic defects in spermatozoa from beef bulls and to determine whether prevalence varies with the age of the bull.

Design
Cross-sectional observational study.

Animals
2,497 beef bulls that were evaluated for breeding soundness in 1994 by 29 practicing veterinarians in a 5-state geographic region.

Procedure
Slides of spermatozoa from each bull were made and submitted by practicing veterinarians for morphologic evaluation. One hundred spermatozoa per slide were examined, and each was classified as having 1 of 9 morphologic defects or as normal.

Results
63% of bulls evaluated were 10 to 12 months old, and 20% were 13 to 18 months old. A mean of 70.6% of spermatozoa was classified as normal. Most common defects were proximal droplets (8.4%), distal midpiece reflexes (6.7%), separated heads (5.5%), and distal droplets (3.8%). Other defects were seen < 2% of the time. Bulls 10 to 12 months of age had a higher prevalence of proximal and distal droplet defects than older bulls.

Clinical Implications
Practitioners conducting breeding soundness evaluations in beef bulls must be aware of common spermatozoal defects. Bulls that are evaluated at a young age will have more defects than older bulls and should be reevaluated, particularly for those defects for which prevalence decreases with age. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:1468-1471)