bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global communications and expert systems in thermodynamics: Connecting property measurement and chemical process design
Authors: Frenkel Michael 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Unprecedented growth in the number of custom-designed software tools for engineering applications has created an interoperability problem between the formats and structures of thermodynamic data files and required input/output structures designed for application software products. Various approaches for standardization of thermophysical and thermochemical property data storage and exchange are analyzed in this paper. Emphasis is made on the development of the XML-based IUPAC standard for thermodynamic data communications: ThermoML. A new process for global data submission and dissemination in the field of thermodynamics based on ThermoML and Guided Data Capture software is described.
Establishment of the global submission and dissemination process for thermodynamic data lays the foundation for implementation of the new concept of dynamic data evaluation formulated at NIST/TRC, which requires the development of large electronic databases capable of storing essentially all “raw” experimental data known to date with detailed descriptions of relevant metadata and uncertainties. The combination of these databases with expert software designed primarily to generate recommended data based on available “raw” experimental data and their uncertainties leads to the possibility of producing data compilations automatically “to order”, forming a dynamic data infrastructure. Implementation of the dynamic data evaluation concept for pure compounds in the new NIST/TRC ThermoData Engine software is discussed.
Nuclear magnetic resonance as a quantitative tool to study interactions in biomacromolecules
Authors: Grzesiek S. , Allan M. , Cordier F. , Häussinger D. , Jensen P. , Kahmann J. , Meier S. , Sass H. J. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has emerged as one of the most versatile tools for the quantitative study of structure, kinetics, and thermodynamics of biomolecules and their interactions at atomic resolution. Traditionally, nuclear Overhauser enhancements (NOEs) and chemical shift perturbation methods are used to determine molecular geometries and to identify contact surfaces, but more recently, weak anisotropic orientation, anisotropic diffusion, and scalar couplings across hydrogen bonds provide additional information.
Examples of such technologies are shown as applied to the quantitative characterization of function and thermodynamics of several biomacromolecules. In particular, (1) the structural and dynamical changes of the TipA multidrug resistance protein are followed upon antibiotic binding, (2) the trimer-monomer equilibrium and thermal unfolding of foldon, a small and very efficient trimerization domain of the T4 phagehead, is described in atomic detail, and (3) the changes of individual protein hydrogen bonds during thermal unfolding are quantitatively followed by scalar couplings across hydrogen bonds.
Thermodynamic law for adaptation of plants to environmental temperatures
Authors: Criddle Richard S. , Hansen L. D. , Smith B. N. , Macfarlane C. , Church J. N. , Thygerson T. , Jovanovic T. , Booth T. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
A thermodynamic law of adaptation of plants to temperature is developed. Plant growth rate is proportional to the product of the metabolic rate and the metabolic efficiency for production of anabolic products. Over much of the growth temperature range, metabolic rate is proportional to mean temperature and efficiency is proportional to the reciprocal of temperature variability. The mean temperature and short-term (hours to weeks) variability of temperature during the growth season at a particular location thus determine the optimum energy and growth strategy for plants. Because they can grow and reproduce most vigorously, plants with a growth rate vs. temperature curve that matches the time-at-temperature vs. temperature curve during the growth season are favored by natural selection. The law of temperature adaptation explains many recent and long-standing observations of plant growth and survival, including latitudinal gradients of plant diversity and species range.
Differential accumulation of plastid preprotein translocon components during spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) needle development
Authors: Fulgosi Hrvoje , Lepeduš Hrvoje , Cesar Vera , Ljubešić Nikola 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
We demonstrate that basic components of the plastid protein-import apparatus originally found in pea, Toc34, Toc159, and Tic110, are also conserved in evolutionarily younger gymnosperms. We show that multiple isoforms of the preprotein receptor Toc34 differentially accumulate in various stages of needle development, while the amounts of Toc159 drastically decrease during chloroplast morphogenesis. Spruce Toc34 and Toc159 receptors are able to recognise and interact with the angiosperm precursor of the Rubisco small subunit. Young proplastids found in closed buds contain a highly elevated number of protein translocation complexes equipped with only two types of outer envelope receptors, Toc159 and a 30-kDa Toc34-related protein. Photosystem II (PSII) can already be assembled in a fully functional complex at this very early stage of needle development, suggesting that no additional receptor isoforms are needed for translocation of all necessary PSII components. We conclude that the accumulation of evolutionarily conserved plastid preprotein translocation components is differentially regulated during spruce needle development.
Effects of Temperature on the Growth, Food Consumption, and Thermal Tolerance of Age-0 Nimbus-Strain Steelhead
Authors: Myrick Christopher A , Cech Joseph J. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Although steelhead (anadromous rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss) have the widest natural distribution among Pacific Coast salmonids, their populations have declined because of habitat loss, habitat alteration, and overexploitation. Because juvenile steelhead can be exposed to high summer water temperatures in streams and in California hatcheries that rely on surface water sources, we compared the food consumption, growth, and temperature tolerance of Nimbus-strain steelhead (an introgressed breeding stock in the American River) held at 11, 15, and 19°C in replicated laboratory experiments. Although food consumption rate showed no statistically distinguishable difference among temperatures, the growth rate was higher at 19°C than at 11°C or 15°C, providing evidence that food conversion efficiency in juvenile steelhead is higher at the warmer temperature. Age-0 steelhead showed a clear thermal acclimation effect, as their critical thermal maximum increased from 27.5°C for 11°C-acclimated fish to 29.6°C for fish acclimated to 19°C. We conclude that fish culturists could use the higher growth rate and food conversion efficiency at 19°C to increase the size of their age-0 steelhead. We also suggest that it may be possible to confer greater thermal tolerance on age-0 steelhead by rearing them at elevated temperatures for a short while, but we caution that it would still be necessary to ultimately rear the fish in cooler water to ensure successful smoltification.
Evaluation of Short-Term Exposure to High Temperature as a Tool to Suppress the Reproductive Development of Channel Catfish for Aquaculture
Authors: Byerly M Todd , Fat-Halla Said I , Betsill Robert K , Patiño Reynaldo 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Short-term exposures to elevated temperatures reduce germ cell numbers in the gonads of some fishes, suggesting that heat treatment may be a viable method for delaying or suppressing reproductive development in cultured fishes. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of high temperatures on early gonadal development in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Twenty-three-day-old (after hatching) channel catfish were exposed to temperatures of 27°C (control), 34°C, and 36°C for 4 weeks. Groups of 250 fry were placed in individual 152-L glass aquaria with external biofilters, and four replicated aquaria were used per temperature treatment. Water temperature was regulated with submersible heaters. At the end of treatment, body weight and standard length were measured in 30 individuals per aquarium and gonads were examined histologically in 10 individuals of each sex per aquarium. For statistical analysis, the unit of replication was the aquarium, and differences between treatments were considered significant at α &lt; 0.05 by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's multiple-range test. Exposure to 34°C reduced oocyte size in ovaries and testicular size (cross-sectional area) and slightly decreased body weight but not standard length. Exposure to 36°C significantly reduced ovarian and testicular size, and 52% of females seemed to lack germ cells and may have been sterilized. However, exposure to 36°C also greatly reduced body growth and caused spinal curvatures and kidney abnormalities, suggesting that 36°C impairs the general health and growth of catfish fry. The results of this study are consistent with the concept that heat treatment can be used to manipulate reproductive development in channel catfish. Further research is needed to establish the appropriate combination of temperature level and treatment duration so as to reduce or eliminate germ cells without adversely affecting somatic growth during the period of treatment.
An Investigation of the Pathology Associated with Mass Mortality Events in the Cultured Japanese Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata martensii at Four Farms in Western Japan
Authors: Hirano Mizuki , Sugishita Yoshiyuki , Mobin S. M. A. , Kanai Kinya , Yoshikoshi Kazuma 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The epidemiological and histopathological characteristics of the mass mortality of cultured Japanese pearl oysters Pinctada fucata martensii were investigated. Rearing experiments with Japanese pearl oysters in farms revealed that the mass mortality occurs as a regular annual event in particular farms in western Japan. Diseased oysters had marked atrophy and red-brown discoloration of the soft parts of the body. Light microscopy revealed that the epithelia of the stomach, the ducts of the digestive diverticula (DD), and the DD themselves showed marked blebbing and necrosis to varying degrees during earlier stages of the disease. At advanced stages, muscle fibers of the adductor muscle, heart, mantle, and other parts of the body and the connective tissues of various organs involving the vascular system also exhibited considerable atrophy and necrosis. There were no remarkable changes in the branchial and pallial epithelia. No viral, bacterial, mycotic, or parasitic causative organisms were found in diseased oysters. The results of a case study of mass mortality at one farm suggested that there is some causal relationship between outbreaks of this disease and the existence of neighboring fish farms. These findings suggest that the mass mortality is not due to an infectious disease. We discuss pathological features and possible causes of this disease.
Evidence for Size‐Selective Mortality after the First Summer of Ocean Growth by Pink Salmon
Authors: Moss Jamal H. , Beauchamp David A. , Cross Alison D. , Myers Katherine W. , Farley Edward V. , Murphy James M. , Helle John H. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPink salmon Onchorhynchus gorbuscha with identifiable thermal otolith marks from Prince William Sound hatchery release groups during 2001 were used to test the hypothesis that faster‐growing fish during their first summer in the ocean had higher survival rates than slower‐growing fish. Marked juvenile pink salmon were sampled monthly in Prince William Sound and the Gulf of Alaska, and adults that survived to maturity were recovered at hatchery release sites the following year. Surviving fish exhibited significantly wider circuli spacing on the region of the scale formed during early marine residence than did juveniles collected at sea during their first ocean summer, indicating that marine survival after the first growing season was related to increases in early marine growth. At the same circuli, a significantly larger average scale radius for returning adults than for juveniles from the same hatchery would suggest that larger, faster‐growing juveniles had a higher survival rate and that significant size‐selective mortality occurred after the juveniles were sampled. Growth patterns inferred from intercirculi spacing on scales varied among hatchery release groups, suggesting that density‐dependent processes differed among release groups and occurred across Prince William Sound and the coastal Gulf of Alaska. These observations support other studies that have found that larger, faster‐growing fish are more likely to survive until maturity.
Thermodynamic modeling of hydrotrope solutions
Authors: Akia Mandana , Feyzi Farzaneh 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA new model for the excess Gibbs energy of hydrotrope solutions is presented. This model is based on the local composition model by Chen et al. Hydrotropes are usually organic salts that can increase the solubility of organic and inorganic compounds in water. The proposed model has five adjustable parameters; one of them is related to long‐range forces, and four of them are related to short‐range forces. Long‐range forces are modeled by the Pitzer‐Debye‐Huckel equation. However, in our model, the effect of the molecular solute on the dielectric constant of water has also been considered. Modeling of short‐range forces is based on local composition concepts. The model parameters are obtained using experimental data for six hydrotropes with four solutes at different temperatures. The water solubility of molecular solutes in the presence of hydrotropes has been calculated for different systems. Accurate results are obtained. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Effect of partial flocculation and adsorption as pretreatment to ultrafiltration
Authors: Shon H. K. , Vigneswaran S. , Ngo H. H. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn this study, the sufficiency of flocculation and adsorption with reduced doses of ferric chloride and powdered activated carbon (PAC) as pretreatment to ultrafiltration (UF) was investigated. A 50 mg/L dose of FeCl3 and 0.5 g/L of PAC removed a majority of organic matter (OM; 88%), thus reducing the organic loading on UF that was used as posttreatment. Although flocculation with lower doses of FeCl3 (10 mg/L) followed by PAC adsorption of 0.5 g/L and UF removed the same amount of organics (∼88% OM), the majority of the OM removal was by the posttreatment of UF rather than by pretreatment, resulting in a significant decline of flux in UF. A detailed relative molecular mass (RMM) distribution analysis was made with flocculation, adsorption, and UF permeates. PAC adsorption decreased the majority of the relative intensity of smaller RMM of OM from the preflocculated water. Flocculation with <40 mg/L FeCl3 was not sufficient to remove the relative intensity of the large RMM even after a postadsorption. The detailed analysis on weight‐averaged RMM (Mw) indicated that the Mw values of OM in the wastewater and in the flocculated effluent were 29,800 daltons (initial), >25,000 (after flocculation with ≤40 mg/L FeCl3), and <1000 (after flocculation with ≥50 mg/L FeCl3). © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
The syndrome of retinal pigmentary degeneration, microcephaly, and severe mental retardation (Mirhosseini‐Holmes‐Walton syndrome): Report of two patients
Authors: Mendez Heirie M. M. , Paskulin Giorgio A. , Vallandro Claudia , Opitz John M. , Reynolds James F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe report on two daughters, born to consanguineous parents, who had severe mental retardation, microcephaly, retinal pigmentary degeneration, and spastic cerebral palsy. We think that this syndrome is the same as that described by Mirhosseini et al [1972] (McK‐26805). The presence of consanguinity favors the hypothesis of autosomal recessive inheritance.
Partial duplicaton of distal 17q
Authors: Bridge Julie , Sanger Warren , Mosher Gayle , Buehler Bruce , Hearty Christine , Olney Ann , Fordyce Renee , Opitz John M. , Reynolds James F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA male propositus and an older sister had a similar pattern of congenital anomalies, including facial asymmetry with hypertelorism, frontal bossing and temporal narrowness, a broad nasal bridge, epicanthal folds, a wide mouth with a thin upper lip, micrognathia, webbed neck, low‐set posteriorly angulated ears, and an abnormal hairline. There was also postaxial polydactyly, flexion contractures of the digits, hypotonia, and a congenital heart anomaly. The propositus also had renal anomalies whereas the sister did not, and the sister had a cleft lip and palate not present in her brother. The propositus and a subsequent fetus identified through genetic amniocentesis were determined to have a 46,XY, − 18,+der(18),t(17;18)(q25.1;q23)mat chromosome constitution. Clinical findings are compared to those of other reported cases of dup(17q).
Lethal neonatal chondrodysplasias in the west of scotland 1970–1983 with a description of a thanatophoric, dysplasialike, autosomal recessive disorder, glasgow variant
Authors: Connor J. M. , Connor R. A. C. , Sweet E. M. , Gibson A. A. M. , Patrick W. J. A. , McNay M. B. , Redford D. H. A. , Opitz John M. , Reynolds James F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractComplete ascertainment of lethal neonatal short‐limb chondrodysplasias was attempted in the West of Scotland for the period 1970–1983. Forty‐three cases were identified, representing a minimum incidence of 1 in 8,900. The differential diagnosis included 11 well‐delineated skeletal dysplasias, one case of warfarin embryopathy, and one apparently new condition with presumed autosomal recessive inheritance that has radiographic similarities to those of thanatophoric dysplasia (TD). In this series TD had an incidence of 1 in 42,221, which is consistent with new dominant mutation at a rate of 11.8 ± 4.1 × 10−6 mutations per gene per generation. Ultrasonic measurement of fetal long bone length was performed in eight subsequent pregnancies at risk. Five unaffected fetuses were predicted correctly and three affected fetuses were detected during the second trimester (one with rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata—second trimester prenatal diagnosis not previously reported; one with achondrogenesis type II; and one with the new lethal condition).
Identity‐by‐descent analysis of sibship configurations
Authors: Ethier S. N. , Hodge Susan E. , Opitz John M. , Reynolds James F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis study considers configurations of identity‐by‐descent sharing in sibships as an alternative to breaking the sibship into sib pairs. A general method is presented for specifying all distinct configurations and deriving their probabilities. The method works for sibships of arbitrary size and can be implemented with paper and pencil. Specific results are given for sibships up to size six. Applications for disease‐marker studies are discussed.
Cystic hygroma and hydrops fetalis in dup(11p) syndrome
Authors: Fryns J. P. , Kleczkowska A. , Vandenberghe K. , Moerman F. , Van den Berghe H. , Opitz John M. , Reynolds James F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractCystic hygroma and hydrops fetalis are reported in a male fetus with dup(11p) syndrome.
Smith‐Fineman‐Myers syndrome: Report of a third case
Authors: Stephenson Lorena D. , Johnson John P. , Opitz John M. , Reynolds James F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSmith et al [1980] described two brothers with mental retardation, short stature, and unusual facial appearance. Here we describe an unrelated male who resides in the same institution and who appears to have the same condition. This syndrome is probably inherited in an autosomal or X‐linked recessive manner.
Significance of acquired nonrandom 7/14 translocations
Authors: Reddy Kavita S. , Thomas Irene M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe have detected eight patients with a single metaphase having a 7/14 translocation. In all cases, the breakpoint on chromosome 14 was 14q12, while the breakpoint on chromosome 7 was 7q35 in three cases and 7p13 in five cases. The factors that may be involved in these nonrandom translocations are discussed.
Report of a case and further delineation of the SHORT syndrome
Authors: Toriello Helga V. , Wakefield Susan , Komar Karl , Higgins James V. , Waterman Donald F. , Opitz John M. , Reynolds James F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe describe a boy with the manifestations of the SHORT syndrome: lipoatrophy, delayed speech development, minor facial anomalies, clinodactyly, and short stature. In addition, this boy had deafness, which was not previously reported in the SHORT syndrome.
Familial aggregation of small congenital nevomelanocytic nevi
Authors: Rhodes Arthur R. , Slifman Nancy R. , Korf Bruce R. , Opitz John M. , Reynolds James F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe investigated the genetic aspects of congenital nevomelanocytic nevi (CNN) by comparing the prevalence rate of CNN in sibs of probands to that of CNN in newborn infants. Probands included all individuals with small (< 40 mm) CNN registered photographically during 1982 in a children's hospital dermatology service. A CNN was defined on the basis of gross appearance and presence (according to parents) within the first 2 weeks of life. The 39 probands with small CNN had a total of 65 sibs. Eight of the 65 (12.3%) also had one or more small CNN. This prevalence rate in sibs is 11 times the population‐based prevalence rate of CNN in newborn infants (1.1%) based on a published report surveying newborn infants in the same city within the past decade. In five of our 39 study families we also detected an affected parent with CNN. We conclude that small CNN may aggregate in families. Autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance or multifactorial determination could account for this observation.
Trisomy 14 mosaicism with t(14;15)(q11;p11) in offspring of a balanced translocation carrier mother
Authors: Fujimoto Atsuko , Lin Ming S. , Korula Shirley R. , Wilson Miriam G. , Opitz John M. , Reynolds James F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA 2‐year‐old girl with growth and developmental retardation, minor facial anomalies, asymmetry of face and body, tetralogy of Fallot, and reticular hyperpigmentation of the skin was found to have mosaic trisomy 14 involving a t(14;15)(q11;p11). The patient showed mosaicism for 46,XX cell line, apparently resulting from a break of the translocation chromosome and a subsequent loss of 14q. The mother has a balanced translocation t(14;15)(q11;p11). Inherited trisomy 14 has not been reported previously.
Autosomal recessive syndrome of sacral and conotruncal developmental field defects (Kousseff syndrome)
Authors: Toriello Helga V. , Sharda Joan K. , Beaumont Edgar J. , Opitz John M. , Reynolds James F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractKousseff [1984] reported on three sibs with an autosomal recessive syndrome of sacral meningocele, conotruncal heart defects, and minor anomalies of head and neck. We report on a fourth case and discuss the findings from a developmental field perspective and the ramifications for genetic counseling.