bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of recombinant cytokines in human body fluids by immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Phillips Terry M. , Dickens Benjamin F. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAn immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis (ICE) system for rapidly quantifying recombinant cytokines in human body fluids has been developed. Cytokines within biological fluids were labeled with a red light emitting fluorochrome and injected into the capillary. Selected cytokines were captured by immobilized antibodies on the internal surface of the capillary, and held while unbound materials were purged. The cytokines were then eluted electrophoretically in acidic buffer. Individual cytokine peaks were detected by on‐line laser‐induced fluorescence detection coupled to a computerized fiber‐optic spectrometer, and analyzed by integration of the eluted peaks. The comparison of the results of ICE to routine assays used for these cytokines demonstrates that ICE provides a fast and accurate procedure for defining these cytokines in complex biological samples. Immunoaffinity separations can be used for any material to which a specific antibody can be raised, making this procedure applicable to a wide range of molecules of biomedical interest.
Analysis of isoquinoline alkaloids in medicinal plants by capillary electrophoresis—mass spectrometry
Authors: Sturm Sonja , Stuppner Hermann 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe technique of capillary electrophoresis – mass spectrometry (CE‐MS) was applied for determination of isoquinoline alkaloids in crude methanolic extracts of medicinal plants. For the CE separations ammonium formate buffer solutions (70 or 100 mM, pH 3.0 or 4.0) containing 10% methanol or 20–60% acetonitrile as additives were used. The applied voltage was 25 kV, the thermostating temperature was kept constant at 25°C. Coupling with the mass spectrometer was performed via an atmospherical pressure ionization (API) interface and the electrospray ionization technique (ESI). As sheath liquid 5 mM formic acid in acetonitrile at a flow rate of 3 μL/min was used. The spray voltage was 4.5 kV and the temperature of the heated capillary was chosen to be 200°C. Detection in the positive ionization mode resulted in mass spectra showing either the molecular ions [M]+ or the protonated molecular ions [M+H]+. The presented method allows detection and identification of isoquinoline alkaloids in crude methanolic extracts of medicinal plants as Eschscholzia californica CHAM. (Papaveraceae), Hydrastis canadensis L. (Ranunculaceae), Berberis vulgaris L. (Berberidaceae), Jateorhiza palmata (LAM.) MIERS (Menispermaceae) and Chelidonium majus L. (Papaveraceae).
Optimized determination of carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin isoforms in serum by capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Tagliaro Franco , Crivellente Federica , Manetto Giulia , Puppi Ivana , Deyl Zdenek , Marigo Mario 
Published: May 2005

AbstractCarbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) is one of the most reliable markers of chronic alcohol abuse. It consists of a group of minor isoforms of human transferrin (the main iron transport serum protein) deficient in sialic acid groups (asialo, monosialo and disialo) with a pI >5.7, while the main isotransferrin (tetrasialo) has a pI of 5.4. The aim of the present work was to develop a capillary electrophoretic method to determine CDT in serum, suitable for routine use as a confirmatory technique of the current screening methods based on immunoassays. Serum samples (0.5 mL) were saturated with iron by incubation with 10 mM FeCl3 (9 μL) and 500 mM NaHCO3 (12 μL) for 30 min, then diluted 1/10 in water and injected by positive pressure (0.5 psi for 10 s). Separation was performed with a capillary zone electrophoretic method using bare fused‐silica capillaries (20 μm ID, 37 cm in length) and a buffer composed of 100 mM sodium tetraborate adjusted with boric acid to pH 8.3. Applied voltage was 10 kV and temperature 25°C. Detection was by UV absorption at 200 nm wavelength. Under the described conditions, asialo‐, monosialo‐, disialo‐, trisialo‐ and tetrasialo‐transferrin were separated in human serum. The limit of detection (signal‐to‐noise ratio of 2) was about 0.3% for disialo‐transferrin, and 0.4% of trisialo‐transferrin, expressed as percentages of the terasialo‐transferrin peak area. Relative standard deviations (RSD) of absolute migration times were < 1%, while RSD of relative migration times (on the basis of tetrasialo‐transferrin) were < 0.1%. Intra‐day and day‐to‐day peak quantitation precision studies showed RDS ranging from 4 to 9% and from 13 to 24% for disialo‐ and trisialo‐transferrin, respectively. The results from 30 control subjects, including social drinkers, and 13 alcoholics showed disialo‐ and trisialo‐transferrin significantly increased in patients by a factor of about 4.5 (P < 0.0001).
Basal sediment evacuation by subglacial meltwater: suspended sediment transport from Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland
Authors: Swift Darrel A. , Nienow Peter W. , Hoey Trevor B. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractProglacial suspended sediment transport was monitored at Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland, during the 1998 melt season to investigate the mechanisms of basal sediment evacuation by subglacial meltwater. Sub‐seasonal changes in relationships between suspended sediment transport and discharge demonstrate that the structure and hydraulics of the subglacial drainage system critically influenced how basal sediment was accessed and entrained. Under hydraulically inefficient subglacial drainage at the start of the melt season, sediment availability was generally high but sediment transport increased relatively slowly with discharge. Later in the melt season, sediment transport increased more rapidly with discharge as subglacial meltwater became confined to a spatially limited network of channels following removal of the seasonal snowpack from the ablation area. Flow capacity is inferred to have increased more rapidly with discharge within subglacial channels because rapid changes in discharge during highly peaked diurnal runoff cycles are likely to have been accommodated largely by changes in flow velocity. Basal sediment availability declined during channelization but increased throughout the remainder of the monitored period, resulting in very efficient basal sediment evacuation over the peak of the melt season. Increased basal sediment availability during the summer appears to have been linked to high diurnal water pressure variation within subglacial channels inferred from the strong increase in flow velocity with discharge. Basal sediment availability therefore appears likely to have been increased by (1) enhanced local ice‐bed separation leading to extra‐channel flow excursions and[sol ]or (2) the deformation of basal sediment towards low‐pressure channels due to a strong diurnally reversing hydraulic gradient between channels and areas of hydraulically less‐efficient drainage. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methods of calculating the physical acation of flame retardants
Authors: Sellman L.‐G. , Östaman B. A.‐L. , Back E. L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe chemical mechanisms for the action of flame retardants are often mentioned in the literature but the physical modes of action are seldom. Discussed. This article presents one way to quantify their efficiency. The technique is based on literature data for the physical and thermal properties of flams retardants for temperatures from 25°C up to 1000°C. The prolongation of the time to ignition by heat absorption by the retardant and the amount of inert gas evolved by the retardant are calculated at a given radiation for a material flame‐proofed with a given amount of the flame retardant. The ability to form an insulating surface layer is considered but not quantified. It is assumed that a medium density wood fibre building boards is treated with 2 kg of flame retardant per m2. The flame retardants included are borates, boric acid, phosphates and silicates. The board is assumed to be irradiated with an intensity of 15 k W m−2. Under these conditions an untreated board ignites after 6–7 min. The time to ignition is prolonged by 1–5 min through heat absorption by the different retardants, and the amount of inert gases evolved may be as high as 2.6 m3 per m2 board. The formation of an insulating surface layer is more difficult to quantify. The results confirm the importance of the physical modes of action of flame retardants and the technique could form the basis for evaluating materials in simulated fire situations.
Some measurements of fire turbulence
Authors: Cox G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIt is important to be able to predict the rate of smoke and fire spread in buildings in order to optimize the design of escape routes and the siting of detectors and sprinklers. The available mathermatical procedures based on turbulence models require experimental guidance. This paper describes the measurement of some turbulence parameters in smoke and flame plumes moving under a ceiling. Time correlation techniques are applied to signals obtained from thermocouple and Langmuir probes. Space‐time correlations in the hot layer show similar trends to those in decaying isotropic turulence from wind tunnels but superimposed upon a coherent sine wave produced by vortex shedding at the fire. Data are also presented of the probability of chemical reaction at several locations in the hot layer.
Histological and electron microscopic analysis of tissue response to synthetic composite bone graft in the canine
Authors: John Kenneth R. St. , Zardiackas Lyle D. , Terry Roy C. , Teasdall Robert D. , Cooke Shannon E. , Mitias Hanna M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA Synthetic composite bone graft material, composed of fibrillar collagen, hydroxyapatite, and tricalcium phosphate, was evaluated in canine femoral shaft defects and compared to ungrafted defects and defects grafted with autogenous bone. The results of mechanical testing of the grafted femora in torsion at 1 year postoperatively were previously reported. This report details the histological and microscopic features of the graft sites. The results of this study suggest that the healing of the graft site is not yet complete at 1 year and that healing may be more complete in defects that received the synthetic graft as compared to ungrafted sites and autogenous bone graft. The bone tissue appears to respond to the graft particles as if they were bone particles. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Biologic properties and possible uses of polymer‐like sponges
Authors: Barvicč M. , Kliment K. , Zavadil M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe biologic properties of the sponge‐like polymers of ethylene glycol methacrylate gels and their host compatibility have been verified in subcutaneous and intraperitoneal application in rats. All three sample types tested, with different porosities, have been tolerated very well with the receptor and have caused no pathologic reaction. Subcutaneous implants are directly integrated in teh organism, cellular immigration taking place with vascularization of the surface layer of the implantate to a depth of some 500 μ during the second week after implantation, causing the sponge to become an integral component of the surrounding tissues. More substantial differences in the reaction to the presence of implantates of different porosity ahve not been observed. These properties directly predetermine the sponge‐like polymers for wider application in plastic and reconstructive surgery. In addition, there is the possibility of utilizing them as an auxiliary surgical material, e.g., for drying and cleaning the operative field, or as operation towels. Good results have been achieved also in mechanically stopping bleeding from parenchymatose organs by application of the sponge foil.
Gel‐fabric prostheses of the ureter
Authors: Kočvara S. , Kliment Ch. , Kubat J. , Štol M. , Ott Z. , Dvořak J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn 14 canines the ureter was substituted with a new type of ureteral gel‐fabric prosthesis. The prosthesis is a tube of knitted fabric of polyester fiber case in a layer of hydrophilous glycol methacrylate gel. Anastomoses were carried out by inserting the prosthesis ends into the ureter lumen and by suturing the stump of the ureter to a special fixing ring on the prosthesis. Preliminary results of short‐term obsevations (4 months) are quite promising. The prosthesis is non‐irritating and conducts the urine satisfactorily.
Antithrombogenic effect of a graphite, benzalkonium chloride, and heparin coating on a flexible polyvinyl chloride plastic implant in the rabbit
Authors: Farb Richard B. , Kaplan Harold M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn vivo and in vitro experiments described herein have demonstrated that the GBH coating is antithrombogenic when placed on PVC, as tested in the blood system of rabbits for periods up to 2 weeks. In vitro clotting times cannot be correlated with the in vivo thrombogenicity of the same implants. For example, dog and man have very similar in vitro clotting times, but very dissimilar in vivo prosthetic thrombosis problems. In vivo and in vitro tests are for the most part not comparable in that they do not measure the same things. However, both in vivo and in vitro tests proved the GBH‐treated vinyl to be antithrombogenic. It may be concluded from the available data that a flexible plastic can be treated with GBH and become antithrombogenic for a practicable period of time.
Toxicologic aspects of implants
Authors: Autian John 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMan‐made polymeric materials are being utilized in a number of devices which will be implanted into animals and humans for various periods of time. The diversity of materials and the introduction of new materials into the medical and paramedical professions appear to be increasing at an accelerated rate each year. Even though great advancements have been made by the biomedical engineer and the surgeon in designing and implanting a prosthetic device in the body, less emphasis apparently has been given to the possible or potential hazardous aspects of the material. An implantable material may initiate a body response in two general ways: (1) release of an ingredient from the material to the biological environment and (2) alteration of the material by the biological environment, leading to degradation of the material with its various consequences. If serious future hazards are to be kept to a minimum, greater emphasis must be placed on well‐designed toxicity studies of materials which, in turn, could lead to standardized materials for implants.
Change in zeta potential of polar plastics by electrical polarization
Authors: Offner Franklin , Breger Lance 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTubing made of a polar plastic, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, was electrically polarized while heated. The zeta potential of tubes polarized negatively inside was consistently higher than that of unpolarized tubes. Tubes polarized positively had a much smaller and variable change in zeta potential. The change is apparently not related to the formation of electrets, but may be due to the orientation of pre‐existing dipoles.
The search for correlation between electrokinetic phenomena and blood thrombus formation on implant materials
Authors: Milligan H. L. , Davis J. , Edmark K. W. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBioelectric charge transfer at the blood–wall interface may be a crucial factor affecting thrombosis on implant materials. A program of studies was conducted to determine the electrokinetic and other physical properties of a wide spectrum of materials including organic polymers, metals, inorganics, heterogeneous compounds, and animal tissue. From these tests, materials were selected for in‐vivo cannulation experiments. In this manner, a search was made to find a correlation between surface charge characteristics and thrombosis on cardiovascular implant materials. It was found that materials exhibiting a substantial positive charge were prone to rapid thrombosis. No clear correlation can be stated, as yet, regarding the thrombogenecity of highly charged negative surfaces or slightly charged surfaces. However, many heterogeneous materials have exhibited prolonged in‐vivo patency. It appears necessary to isolate surface effects from volumetric effects to seek the role of bioelectric charge transfer in blood thrombus formation.
The electrochemical properties of dental amalgam
Authors: Mueller H. J. , Greener E. H. , Crimmins D. S. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe effects of variations in composition and processing on the open‐circuit electrode potentials measured as a function of time of amalgams made from silver–tin, silver–tin–copper, silver–tin–zinc, and silver–tin–copper–zinc alloys have been determined at 37°C in distilled water, in saline solution, as well as in acetate and citrate solutions buffered to pH values of 3, 7, and 10. The electrochemical potentials of the alloys measured as a function of time in neutral acetate solutions show anodic polarization from an initial cathodic potential value of approximately 0.1 v with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode to a constant potential level depending upon alloy composition. In neutral acetate solution the potential–time curves of silver–tin amalgams with 7:5 mercury to alloy ratio show a rapid anodic polarization from an initial anodic potential value of 0.28 v to a minimum value of 0.05 v at approximately 1 hr followed by a potential reversal to a plateau value of 0.40 v. For 7:5 amalgams in neutral acetate solutions increases in both the trituration time and in the severity of processing deformation cause a small increase in initial potential, with a decrease in anodic polarization, while an increase in amalgam age lowers both the initial potential value and the longer‐time potential plateau. Increasing the mercury content of the amalgam to a 2:1 ratio decreases the rate of potential reversal from the minimum, whereas decreasing the ratio to 4:5 decreases the amount of depolarization from the minimum value. The effects of copper and zinc additions to silver–tin alloys are mixed. In neutral acetate solution the 7:5 ratio amalgams from silver–tin–copper alloys show anodic polarization from the same initial value as the silver–tin amalgams, followed by a region of decreased polarization. Both silver–tin–zinc and silver–tin–copper–zinc alloys exhibit a much higher initial anodic potential (0.78 v), and following the achievement of the potential plateau have a slow anodic polarization to the long‐time potential value shown by silver–tin amalgam. Three commercial alloy amalgams were studied in neutral acetate solution. The two amalgams containing zinc have a potential behavior similar to that of the experimental zinc‐containing amalgam; the non‐zinc amalgam shows a rapid anodic polarization from an initial anodic potential value of 0.24 v, a minimum at 1 hr, and a reversal to the long‐time potential values of 0.40 v shown by the zinc‐containing amalgam.
Cutaneous absorption of N‐alkyl α‐cyanoacrylate
Authors: Ousterhout Cpt. D. K. , Gladieux G. V. , Leonard F. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThree monomers, β‐14C‐tagged methyl, n butyl, and n‐heptyl α‐cyanoacrylate, have been applied to intact skin and split‐thickness skin‐graft donor sites on rats. The data indicate that the urinary 14C activity is in the order: methyl > n‐butyl or n heptyl. Also, the urinary activity, when the monomers are applied to the split thickness skin graft donor sites, is approximately threefold greater than when the monomers are applied to intact skin. The conclusion is that the application of cyanoacrylate monomer to the skin is not only topical in nature, but may involve the internal milieu as well.
Purchase specifications for biomedical materials. I. Sheet or film of polytetrafluoroethylene plastic
Authors: Homsy Charles A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe critical need for purchase specifications for implantable biomedical materials is the focus of this contribution. The elements in development of such specifications are presented with specific reference to a widely used high polymer, polytetrafluoroethylene. A specification for sheet or film of this plastic, as instituted by a major urban hospital, is presented in detail.
Toxicity profiles of vinyl and polyolefinic plastics and their additives
Authors: Guess Wallace L. , Haberman Sol 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis paper reports on three investigations into the toxic potential of plastics, resins and addivtives, with emphasis on those having medical, dental, or pharmaceutical application. The following points were noted: (1) two different lots of PVC resin contained toxic material which was leachable into a biological system and an extreme eosinophilic response was noted; (2) a large group of chemical agents currently being used or having potential for use in various plastics formulations were investigated for toxic potential. As a group, the stabilizers showed the greatest degree of toxicity and if these are used in conjunction with a plasticizer in a plastic formulation, the toxic potential is greatly increased due to an increased opportunity to migrate from the plastic. It may be concluded from this work that safe plastics for medical, dental, and pharmaceutical applications can technically be manufactured. In order to protect the patient who ultimately comes in contact with the plastic device in one way or another, it behooves the concerned manufacturer to be certain his product is not responsible for injury to the user. This certianty can only be gained by an adequate and diverse evaluation program.
The effect of materials on the later stages of the in vitro clotting of human plasma in relation to the development of vascular prostheses
Authors: Matthews Dennis B. , Reger Stephen I. , Catlin Avery 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe photometric method of clot detection has been used to measure the effect of surface contact on the later, or polymerization, stage of in vitro blood coagulation. Preliminary evidence has been obtained for the existence of such an effect and the importance of protein adsorption and mass transfer to the interpretation of clotting rates has been underlined.
Synthetic aortas for systemic simulators
Authors: Krokosky E. M. , Krouskop T. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe in vitro viscoelastic properties of the human aorta were characterized by subjecting excised aortas of different ages to various mechanical testing procedures. A complete characterization of the properties of the human aorta was necessary in order to find a comparable synthetic material for use in a systemic simulator. Several synthetic materials were tested. One silicone rubber system had properties closely approximating those of the human aorta.
Über ionotrope proteinsymplexe
Authors: Schütt Hans‐Werner 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSymplexes of proteins were taken for comparison with biological structures like the skin of mammals. Particles of these symplexes were set into regular order by diffusing and fixing polyvalent metal ions of protons, yielding anisotropic membranes with some properties of extracellular strucutres. Determination of the symplex optimum allowed a comparison of the properties with different acid partners. Four fifths of the amino groups of the scleroproteins that could be titrated by monomeric acids could be bounded by the polyacids. In a neutral medium, all symplexes behave like coherent polyamphiions with the behavior of long chain molecules. Swelling and dissolving of mammalian skin desintegrates the scleroproteins, partly down to the primary helix. These proteins with polyuronic acids such as alginic acid in form of a symplex did not give individual or specific reactions when implanted into the living organism but were slowly decomposed by unspecific proteases.