bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of powered vs. manual toothbrushes in periodontal cause‐related therapy
Authors: Sicilia A. , Arregui I. , Gallego M. , Cabezas B. , Cuesta S. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBackground:  Power‐driven toothbrushes (PDT) have been designed to improve the efficacy of oral hygiene. It is not clear how they compare in efficacy with manual toothbrushes in cause‐related periodontal therapy.Objectives:  To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of a PDT as compared with a manual toothbrush (MT), in terms of gingival bleeding or inflammation resolution, in cause‐related periodontal therapy.Material and methods:  An electronic (MEDLINE and Cochrane Oral Health Group Specialised Trials Register) and a manual search were made to detect studies which permitted the evaluation of the efficacy of PDT in the reduction of gingival bleeding or inflammation, and their effect on other secondary variables. Only randomized studies in adults, published in English up to June 2001, which compared a PDT with an MT, and evaluated the evolution of gingival bleeding or inflammation were included. The selection of articles, extraction of data and assessment of validity were made independently by several reviewers.Results:  Twenty‐one studies were finally selected. The heterogeneity of the data prevented a quantitative analysis. A higher efficacy in the reduction of gingival bleeding or inflammation in the PDT patients was detected in 10 studies. This effect appears to be related to the capacity to reduce plaque, and is more evident in counter‐rotational and oscillating‐rotating brushes. No solid evidence was found for a higher efficacy of sonic brushes. In short‐term studies with prophylaxis after initial examination, independently of the type of PDT tested, no significant differences were found.Conclusion:  The use of PDT, especially counter‐rotational and oscillating‐rotating brushes, can be beneficial in reducing the levels of gingival bleeding or inflammation. There is a need for methodological homogeneity in future studies in this field to enable quantitative analysis of their results.
A systematic review on the use of residual probing depth, bleeding on probing and furcation status following initial periodontal therapy to predict further attachment and tooth loss
Authors: Renvert S. , Persson G. R. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBackground:  Chronic periodontitis affects many adults. Initial cause related therapy (ICRT) is aimed at elimination of factors causing disease progression.Objectives:  To use a systematic review process of peer reviewed publications to assess the predictive value of residual probing depths (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and furcation involvement (FI) in determining further loss of attachment and tooth loss following ICRT.Material and Methods:  An electronic search of the Cochrane Oral Health Group specialized register, MEDLINE and EMBASE, was performed using specific search terms to identify studies assessing the predictive value of residual probing depths (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and furcation involvement (FI) in determining further loss of attachment and tooth loss following ICRT.Results:  The searches resulted in 941 uniquely identified studies. Titles and abstracts were then independently screened by two reviewers (S.R. and G.R.P.) to identify publications that met specific inclusion criteria. The agreement between the reviewers was assessed and statistical analysis failed to demonstrate a difference between the two reviewers (κ‐value: 0.94, P = 0.003). Detailed review of 47 included publications resulted in acceptance of one publication which utilized data based on patient as unit of observation. This study included 16 subjects over 42 months demonstrating that residual probing depths are predictive of further disease progression whereas persisting bleeding on probing are not.Conclusions:  Data based on one study suggest that residual probing depths are predictive of further disease progression. The implications for carefully designed multicentre randomized clinical control trials are many.
A systematic review of the prevalence of root sensitivity following periodontal therapy
Authors: Von Troil Birgitta , Needleman Ian , Sanz Mariano 
Published: May 2003

AbstractObjectives:  To systematically review the evidence on the prevalence of root sensitivity following periodontal therapy.Material and Methods:  Cross‐sectional and longitudinal clinical studies were searched for in electronic databases, hand searched journals and through contact with authors directly. The screening and data extraction were conducted by several reviewers independently. The main outcome measure was prevalence of root sensitivity following periodontal therapy.Results:  The prevalence of root sensitivity was 9–23% before and 54–55% after periodontal therapy. An increase in the intensity of root sensitivity occurred 1–3 weeks following therapy, after which it decreased.Conclusions:  It is concluded that there are insufficient randomized controlled trials to adequately address the stipulated question. However, based on the scarce evidence from only two studies, root sensitivity occurs in approximately half of the patients following subgingival scaling and root planing. The intensity of root sensitivity increases for a few weeks after therapy, after which it decreases. In clinical practice, it may be recommended that patients should be made aware of the potential for root sensitivity prior to treatment. In research, it may be recommended to conduct randomized controlled and prospective studies with both short and long follow‐up periods. Furthermore, to investigate the effects and the relationship of root instrumentation with the aetiology of root sensitivity, the efficacy of preventive and therapeutic regimes for root sensitivity, and the incidence and severity of root sensitivity by subjective patient‐reporting, and the response to different modes of stimuli. Protocols should follow the criteria used in dentine hypersensitivity studies.
Periodontal plastic surgery for treatment of localized gingival recessions: a systematic review
Authors: Roccuzzo Mario , Bunino Marco , Needleman Ian , Sanz Mariano 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBackground:  The evidence for the efficacy of periodontal plastic surgery (PPS) in the treatment of recession defects has not yet been systematically evaluated. The objective of this review was to systematically review the efficacy of PPS in achieving root coverage in the treatment of localized gingival recession. The following surgical procedures have been considered in this review: guided tissue regeneration (GTR), free gingival graft (FGG), connective tissue graft (CTG), and coronally advanced flap (CAF).Methods:  Randomized and controlled trials, as well as case series of at least 6 months' follow‐up, were searched. Data sources included electronic databases and hand‐searched journals. Screening, data abstraction and quality assessment were conducted independently and in duplicate.Results:  Regarding recession reduction, a limited but statistically significant greater benefit was found for CTG compared with GTR (weighted mean difference: 0.43 mm, 95% CI: 0.62–0.23). No differences were found comparing either GTR with CAF or resorbable versus non‐resorbable GTR barriers. Gain in attachment was also similar for each of the three comparisons. Analysis of single arms of trials and case series demonstrated that PPS can have a marked improvement on clinical parameters but heterogeneity was often high and only partly explained by initial defect depth.Conclusions:  Overall, PPS was effective in reducing gingival recessions with a concomitant improvement in attachment levels. Even though no single treatment can be considered superior to all the others, CTG was statistically significantly more effective than GTR in recession reduction. Further research is needed to identify the factors most associated with successful outcomes.
A systematic review of the incidence of biological and technical complications in implant dentistry reported in prospective longitudinal studies of at least 5 years
Authors: Berglundh Tord , Persson Leif , Klinge Björn 
Published: May 2003

AbstractObjective:  To systematically review the incidence of biological and technical complications in implant therapy reported in prospective longitudinal studies of at least 5 years.Methods:  A MEDLINE search was conducted for prospective longitudinal studies with follow‐up periods of at least 5 years. Screening and data abstraction were performed independently by multiple reviewers. The types of complications assessed were as follows: implant loss, sensory disturbance, soft tissue complications, peri‐implantitis, bone loss ≥2.5 mm, implant fracture and technical complications related to implant components and suprastructures.Results:  The search provided 1310 titles and abstracts, out of which 159 were selected for full‐text analysis. Finally, 51 studies were included. Meta analysis of these studies indicated that implant loss prior to functional loading is to be expected to occur in about 2.5% of all implants placed in implant therapy including more than one implant and when routine procedures are used. Implant loss during function occurs in about 2–3% of implants supporting fixed reconstructions, while in overdenture therapy >5% of the implants can be expected to be lost during a 5‐year period. Few studies (41% of those included) reported data on the incidence of persisting sensory disturbance >1 year following implant surgery. Most of the studies that provided such data reported on the absence or a low incidence (1–2%) of this complication beyond this interval. A higher incidence of soft tissue complications was reported for patients treated with implants supporting overdentures. There is limited information regarding the occurrence of peri‐implantitis and implants exhibiting bone loss ≥2.5 mm. Implant fracture is a rare complication and occurs in <1% of all implants during a 5‐year period. The incidence of technical complications related to implant components and suprastructures was higher in overdentures than in fixed reconstructions.Conclusion:  Implant loss was most frequently described (reported in about 100% of studies), while biological complications were considered in only 40–60% and technical complications in only 60–80% of the studies. This observation indicates that data on the incidence of biological and technical complications may be underestimated and should be interpreted with caution.
A systematic review on the clinical efficacy of subgingival debridement in the treatment of chronic periodontitis
Authors: Van der Weijden G. A. , Timmerman M. F. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractObjective:  The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature and to evaluate, in patients with chronic periodontitis, what the effect is of subgingival debridement (SGD), in terms of bleeding on probing, pocket depth and probing attachment level.Material and methods:  An electronic search of the Cochrane Oral Health Group specialized register and MEDLINE were performed using specific search terms to identify studies assessing in patients with chronic periodontitis the effect of subgingival debridement with regard to clinical outcomes. This was performed on titles registered up to 2001. The only papers included were those which utilized data based on the patient as unit of observation.Results:  The searches identified 702 abstracts. Titles and abstracts were independently screened by two reviewers (G.A.W. & M.F.T.) to identify publications that met specific inclusion criteria. The agreement between the two reviewers was assessed. The kappa score for agreement was 0.80. Review of these abstracts resulted in 114 publications for detailed review. Finally, 26 papers which met the criteria of eligibility were independently selected by the two reviewers. The kappa score for agreement on this decision was 0.92. Disagreement regarding inclusion of both abstracts and full papers was resolved by discussion between the reviewers. No randomized controlled trials (RCT) could be retrieved that were specifically designed to answer the question formulated at the outset of this systematic review. From the 10 controlled studies, four provide a definitive ‘yes’ that SGD is effective with regard to clinical outcomes. In the one study where subgingival debridement was not supported by oral hygiene instruction, the paper provided a definitive ‘no’. The weighted mean of attachment gain of SGD in pockets initially ≥5 mm was 0.64 mm as compared with 0.37 mm for supragingival plaque control only (SPC). The reduction of pocket depth was 0.59 mm and 1.18 mm for SPC and SGD, respectively. Of the 18 papers that provided only information on the effect of treatment as compared with the baseline values, eight showed SGD to be beneficial with regard to clinical attachment level change while the remaining 10 provided no such an analysis. The weighted mean of this effect was a 0.74‐mm gain of attachment as a result of treatment in pockets initially ≥ 4 mm.Conclusions:  In patients with chronic periodontitis, subgingival debridement (in conjunction with supragingival plaque control) is an effective treatment in reducing probing pocket depth and improving the clinical attachment level. In fact it is more effective than supragingival plaque control alone.
A systematic review of graft materials and biological agents for periodontal intraosseous defects
Authors: Trombelli Leonardo , Heitz‐Mayfield Lisa J.A. , Needleman Ian , Moles David , Scabbia Alessandro 
Published: May 2003

AbstractObjectives: To determine the adjunctive effect of grafting biomaterials/biological agents with open flap debridement (OFD) in the treatment of deep intraosseous defects.Background: No systematic review of treatment outcomes in patients who received graft biomaterials or biological agents have been published.Methods: A rigorous systematic review of randomized controlled trials of at least 6‐month duration was conducted comparing grafting biomaterials/biological agents (alone or in combination) + OFD (test group) to OFD alone or in combination with a placebo (control group).Results: The difference in CAL change between test and control groups varied from −1.45 mm to 1.40 mm with respect to different biomaterials/biological agents. Meta‐analysis showed that CAL change significantly improved after treatment for coralline calcium carbonate (weighted mean difference 0.90 mm; 95% CI: 0.53–1.27), bioactive glass (weighted mean difference 1.04 mm; 95% CI: 0.31–1.76), hydroxyapatite (weighted mean difference 1.40 mm, 95% CI 0.64–2.16), and enamel matrix proteins (weighted mean difference 1.33 mm, 95% CI 0.78–1.88). However, heterogeneity in results between studies was highly statistically significant for most of biomaterials/biologicals and could not be fully explained.Conclusions: Overall, the use of specific biomaterials/biologicals was more effective than OFD in improving attachment levels in intraosseous defects. Difference in CAL gain varied greatly with respect to different biomaterial/biological agent. Due to a significant heterogeneity in results between studies in most treatment groups, general conclusions about the expected clinical benefit of graft biomaterials/biologicals need to be interpreted with caution. Further research should focus on understanding this variability.
Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in Ireland, AFLP‐fingerprinting and boat traffic both indicate an origin from Britain
Authors: Pollux Bart , Minchin Dan , Van Der Velde Gerard , Van Alen Theo , Moon‐Van Der Staay Seung YeO , Hackstein Johannes 
Published: May 2003

SUMMARY1. The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) is an aquatic nuisance species that invaded Ireland around 1994. We studied the invasion of the zebra mussel combining field surveys and genetic studies, to determine the origin of invasion and the vector of introduction.2. Field surveys showed that live zebra mussels, attached to the hulls of pleasure boats, were transported from Britain to Ireland. These boats were lifted from British waters onto trailers, transported to Ireland by ferry and lifted into Irish waters within a day. Length‐frequency distributions of dead and living mussels on one vessel imported 3 months earlier revealed a traumatic occurrence caused by the overland, air‐exposed transportation. Results show that a large number of individuals survived after re‐immersion in Irish waters and continued to grow.3. Zebra mussels from populations in Ireland, Great Britain, the Netherlands, France and North America, were analysed using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP)‐fingerprinting to determine the origin of the Irish invasion. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Irish and British mussels clustered closely together, suggesting an introduction from Britain.4. Ireland remained un‐invaded by the zebra mussel for more than 150 year. The introduction of the zebra mussel to Ireland occurred following the abolition of value added tax in January 1993 on imported second‐hand boats from the European Union (UK and continental Europe). This, together with a favourable monetary exchange rate at that time, may have increased the risk of invasion of the zebra mussel.
Phytoplankton, light and nutrients along a gradient of mixing depth: a field test of producer‐resource theory
Authors: Kunz Thomas J. , Diehl Sebastian 
Published: May 2003

SUMMARY1. Variation in depth of the mixed surface layer of temperate lakes should affect phytoplankton dynamics because, with increasing mixing depth, average light intensity in and specific sedimentation losses out of the mixed layer both decrease.2. Our aim was to test a recent dynamic model which relates phytoplankton biomass and the availability of production‐limiting resources (light and dissolved mineral nutrients) to mixing depth and nutrient supply from external sources.3. During summer stratification we sampled the mixed layers of 30 dimictic, phosphorus‐limited, oligo‐ to mesotrophic, mostly non‐humic lakes north of the Alps.4. The results agree well qualitatively with model expectations. Algal concentration in the mixed layer was negatively related to mixing depth or its surrogate log‐transformed lake area. Light intensity at the bottom of the mixed layer decreased whereas the concentration of available, inorganic phosphorus increased with increasing mixing depth. Across all depths, higher total phosphorus content was accompanied by higher phytoplankton biomass, lower light availability, and higher inorganic phosphorus concentration.5. Our data match the predicted shift with increasing mixing depth from predominantly nutrient limitation towards increased light limitation of algal biomass.
Reproduction of interspecific hybrids of Atlantic salmon and brown trout in a stream environment
Authors: Garcia‐Vazquez Eva , Ayllon Fernando , Martinez Jose Luis , Perez Juliana , Beall Edward 
Published: May 2003

SUMMARY1. Reproduction between Atlantic salmon males and interspecific hybrid Salmo salar × Salmo trutta females was monitored in a controlled flow channel diverted from a south European river located at the edge of Atlantic salmon natural geographic distribution in Europe.2. Post‐F1 hybrids were viable and survived in the wild, at least until dispersal from redds. After transfer to hatchery conditions, 67% survived into the second year.3. The hybrids possessed 98 chromosomes: two sets of Atlantic salmon(2n = 58) and one set of brown trout (n = 40) chromosomes.4. The existence of a low proportion of allotriploid individuals can be expected in rivers where Atlantic salmon and brown trout populations coexist.
Impacts of freshwater invaders at different levels of ecological organisation, with emphasis on salmonids and ecosystem consequences
Authors: Simon Kevin S. , Townsend Colin R. 
Published: May 2003

SUMMARY1. Invaders can influence freshwater systems at the individual, population, community and ecosystem levels. Some of these impacts may be subtle or not easily predicted but they may be critical to understanding more obvious changes. Despite this, studies of impacts of freshwater invaders at several levels of ecological organisation are rare. Most commonly reported are changes in the distribution or abundance of populations after invasion, whereas documentation of impacts on ecosystem functioning, such as energy and nutrient flux, is rare.2. Unlike most invaders, salmonids have been studied at multiple ecological levels. These fish can cause trophic cascades that result in increased algal biomass and production and are responsible for changes to energy and nutrient flux in both streams and lakes. The mechanisms behind these changes are different in the two systems and only become evident when information at the individual and population levels are considered. In streams, salmonids can alter invertebrate behaviour that suppresses grazing of periphyton. In lakes, salmonid feeding behaviour can stimulate phytoplankton by shunting nutrients from the littoral to the pelagic zone.3. Simultaneous study at several ecological levels should yield a fuller understanding of the mechanisms underlying impacts of invading animals and plants, providing a sounder basis for predicting the impacts of freshwater invasive species. Species traits of the invaders that may be associated with particularly profound impacts include: a method of resource acquisition formerly lacking in the invaded system, a broad feeding niche that links previously unlinked ecosystem compartments, a feeding relationship with negative consequences for native strong interactors, physiological traits that enhance resource transformation and lead to high biomass, and behavioural or demographic traits that provide high resistance or resilience in the face of natural disturbances.
Distribution of an alien aquatic snail in relation to flow variability, human activities and water quality
Authors: Schreiber E. S. G. , Quinn G. P. , Lake P. S. 
Published: May 2003

SUMMARY 1. Disturbance and anthropogenic land use changes are usually considered to be key factors facilitating biological invasions. However, specific comparisons of invasion success between sites affected to different degrees by these factors are rare. 2. In this study we related the large‐scale distribution of the invading New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) in southern Victorian streams, Australia, to anthropogenic land use, flow variability, water quality and distance from the site to the sea along the stream channel. 3. The presence of P. antipodarum was positively related to an index of flow‐driven disturbance, the coefficient of variability of mean daily flows for the year prior to the study. 4. Furthermore, we found that the invader was more likely to occur at sites with multiple land uses in the catchment, in the forms of grazing, forestry and anthropogenic developments (e.g. towns and dams), compared with sites with low‐impact activities in the catchment. However, this relationship was confounded by a higher likelihood of finding this snail in lowland sites close to the sea. 5. We conclude that P. antipodarum could potentially be found worldwide at sites with similar ecological characteristics. We hypothesise that its success as an invader may be related to an ability to quickly re‐colonise denuded areas and that population abundances may respond to increased food resources. Disturbances could facilitate this invader by creating spaces for colonisation (e.g. a possible consequence of floods) or changing resource levels (e.g. increased nutrient levels in streams with intense human land use in their catchments).