bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refined mapping of allele loss at chromosome 10q23‐26 in prostate cancer
Authors: Leube Barbara , Drechsler Matthias , Mühlmann Kristina , Schäfer Reinhold , Schulz Wolfgang A. , Santourlidis Simon , Anastasiadis Aristoteles , Ackermann Rolf , Visakorpi Tapio , Müller Wolfram , Royer‐Pokora Brigitte 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDAllele loss of at least two segments in 10q, one mapping to the PTEN gene and one more distal were described in prostate cancer, with loss more frequent in advanced prostate cancer.METHODSA 63 cM region from 10q23 to q26 was studied for allele loss (LOH) in 59 prostate cancer samples using a dense map of microsatellite markers.RESULTSLOH of at least one marker in 10q was observed in 13/59 tumors. LOH increased with grade and stage. Detailed deletion mapping identified three regions of allele loss. The first region mapped to the site of the PTEN gene, the second is defined by loss of one marker, D10S1692, in one tumor, and the third is defined between markers D10S1757 and D10S587, including DMBT, with a subregion of approximately 1.2 Mb mapping between markers D10S209 and D10S1679, lost in one tumor.CONCLUSIONSLOH at the PTEN gene is frequent but mutations in the remaining allele were not detected by SSCP‐screening. There may be more than two tumor suppressor (TS) genes mapping more distal of PTEN. The site for these putative TS genes can now be mapped with a dense set of precisely localized markers in a larger series of advanced tumors. Prostate 50: 135–144, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human prostatic carcinoma cells produce an increase in the synthesis of interleukin‐6 by human osteoblasts
Authors: García‐Moreno Carmen , Méndez‐Dávila Cioly , de la Piedra Concepción , Castro‐Errecaborde Nilda Adriana , Traba Maria Luisa 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this work was to evaluate the effect produced by conditioned medium from human prostatic carcinoma cell (PC‐3) culture on human osteoblast (HOB) interleukin 6 (IL‐6) synthesis.METHODSPC‐3 cells were cultured in Ham's F12K medium with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) up to confluence. Medium was changed by Dulbecco modified Eagle medium (DMEM)/F12K (1:1) with 0.1% bovine serum albumin. Cells were cultured for 24 hr, and medium (PC‐3‐CM) was collected. HOBs were cultured up to confluence, and after 48 hr without FCS, medium was removed and PC‐3‐CM was added to the wells. After 24 hr, supernatant was collected for the determination of IL‐6. In another experiment, HOBs were cultured up to confluence in Petri dishes, and after 48 hr without FCS, PC‐3‐CM or DMEM/F12K (1:1) was added. After different periods of time, medium was removed, and total RNA was extracted. IL‐6 mRNA was quantified using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.RESULTSPC‐3‐CM significantly enhanced IL‐6 secretion into HOB culture supernatants (between 1,812% and 372%, depending on the osteoblastic line) with respect to HOBs cultured in DMEM/F12K. PC‐3‐CM also produced an increase in IL‐6 mRNA levels in HOBs.CONCLUSIONSProstate carcinoma cells (PC‐3) produce a factor or factors that enhance the synthesis and release of IL‐6, a known activator of bone resorption. Prostate 50: 241–246, 2002. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Establishment and characterization of androgen‐independent human prostate cancer LNCaP cell model
Authors: Igawa Tsukasa , Lin Fen‐Fen , Lee Ming‐Shyue , Karan Dev , Batra Surinder K. , Lin Ming‐Fong 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe acquisition of an androgen‐independent phenotype is the most serious issue of prostate cancer treatment. Although several experimental cell models have been reported for studying androgen independence, they have limited applications related to hormone‐refractory prostate cancer. To investigate the molecular mechanism of androgen‐independent growth of prostate cancer, we established a useful LNCaP cell model that resembles the clinical scenario of hormone‐refractory prostate cancer.METHODSAndrogen‐sensitive LNCaP parental cells were continuously maintained in a regular cell‐culture medium, that is, phenol red–positive RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum and 1% glutamine. Upon passage, the androgen responsiveness of those cells decreased, to a level lower than that of parental cells. We examined the growth properties and androgen responsiveness of these different LNCaP cells in vitro and in vivo. Cytogenetic characteristics and expression of androgen receptors (ARs) and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) were determined.RESULTSUpon continuous passage, the biological behavior of parental C‐33 cells (passage number less than 33) was altered. C‐81 cells (passage number higher than 81) clearly exhibited more aggressive growth and lower androgen responsiveness than C‐33 and C‐51 cells (passage number between 35 and 80) in vitro and in vivo. Nevertheless, all these cells expressed a similar level of functional AR protein as well as a similar genetic profile. Moreover, in a steroid‐reduced culture condition, C‐81 cells secreted a higher level of PSA than C‐33 cells.CONCLUSIONSOur LNCaP cell model closely recapitulates the progression of human prostate cancer from the androgen‐responsive to the hormone‐refractory state under the androgen nondeprived condition. This cell model may provide the opportunity to understand the molecular mechanisms associated with the acquisition of androgen independence during human prostate cancer progression. Prostate 50: 222–235, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical stage T1c prostate cancer: Pathologic outcomes following radical prostatectomy in black and white men
Authors: Eastham James A. , Carver Brett , Katz Jared , Kattan Michael W. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe incidence of prostate cancer in black men is 50% to 70% higher than among age‐matched white men. Black men have a twofold higher mortality rate and overall tend to have higher serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels than white men. To determine whether racial differences exist in men whose prostate cancer was diagnosed based solely on an elevated serum PSA level, we compared clinical and pathologic features in black and white men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) for clinical stage T1c prostate cancer.METHODSWe used a prospectively collected database to identify all men undergoing RP for clinical T1c prostate cancer between July 1995 and October 2000. A total of 129 consecutive men (56 black men and 73 white men) were compared for age at diagnosis, serum PSA level, biopsy Gleason score, pathologic stage, RP specimen Gleason score, incidence of lymph node metastasis, and incidence of positive surgical margins.RESULTSStatistically significant differences were not found by race in patients' ages, serum PSA levels, biopsy Gleason score, pathologic stage, incidence of lymph node metastases, or incidence of positive surgical margins. The RP specimen Gleason score was more heterogeneous in black men than white men (P = 0.02).CONCLUSIONSRacial differences in the incidence and mortality rate of prostate cancer are well known, but differences in the clinical and pathologic features between black and white men with prostate cancer identified solely based on an elevated serum PSA level with negative results on digital rectal examination (clinical stage T1c ) have been poorly studied. Our results suggest that men with clinical stage T1c prostate cancer have similar clinical and pathologic findings regardless of race. These results suggest that early‐detection programs using serum PSA testing for prostate cancer in black men potentially can result in improvements in prostate cancer outcomes in this high‐risk group. Prostate 50: 236–240, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Similar rates of exponential decrease in serum concentrations of free prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), PSA complexed to alpha‐1‐antichymotrypsin, and human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) in prostate cancer patients treated with GnRH‐analogues
Authors: Björk Thomas , Schalken Jack , Wittjes Wim , Ljungberg Bengt , Lilja Hans 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDOur recently reported finding of rapid bi‐exponential elimination of free prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) after radical retropubic prostatectomy in patients with moderately elevated PSA levels, which contrasted a very slow, linear elimination of PSA complexed to alpha‐1‐antichymotrypsin (ACT), prompted us to study whether these elimination rates were applicable for patients selected for castration treatment with very high pretreatment concentrations of PSA in serum. In addition, serum concentrations of hK2, the activator of proPSA, were measured.METHODSPretreatment serum was obtained from 21 previously untreated prostate cancer patients due for hormonal treatment with a GnRH‐analog. Samples were also collected during treatment up to a minimum of 24 weeks at 2‐week intervals and analyzed with immunofluorometric assays for free PSA (PSA‐F), PSA complexed to alpha‐1‐antichymotrypsin (PSA‐ACT), total PSA (PSA‐T), and human kallikrein 2 (hK2). For pharmaco‐kinetic analysis the serum concentrations of hK2 and PSA forms for each patient were plotted against time both before and after logarithmic transformation and the half‐lives were calculated as ln2/k.RESULTSMedian pretreatment serum concentrations were 322 ng/ml (range, 1.9‐2210) for PSA‐T, 27.8 ng/ml (range, 1.14–259) for PSA‐F, and 207 ng/ml (range, 0.8–2080) for PSA‐ACT. All patients had castrate levels of serum testosterone (<2.5 nmol/l) in less than 21 days after initiation of GnRH‐analog treatment. It was possible to evaluate data from 19/21 patients which showed an exponential decrease of all PSA concentrations in serum, with mean half‐lives of 12.9 days (range, 7.3–30) for PSA‐T, 15.5 days (range, 7.7–37.5) for PSA‐F, and 12.3 days (range, 6.6–30) for PSA‐ACT. Median pretreatment percent free PSA (PSA‐F/PSA‐T) was 12% compared to 18% at nadir. The median pretreatment level of hK2 was 3.5 ng/ml (range, 0.29–30.3). There was an exponential decrease in hK2 concentrations in serum after initiation of hormonal treatment with a mean half‐life of 18.7 days (range, 7.5–37.5).CONCLUSIONSFor the majority of patients with hormonally treated prostate cancer the serum concentrations of PSA‐T, PSA‐F, PSA‐ACT, and hK2 decreased slowly in parallel and mono‐exponentially after initiation of treatment. Mean half‐lives were between 12 and 19 days. Prostate 47:14–20, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Widely used prostate carcinoma cell lines share common origins
Authors: van Bokhoven Adrie , Varella‐Garcia Marileila , Korch Christopher , Hessels Daphne , Miller Gary J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDCross‐contamination is a persistent problem in the establishment and maintenance of mammalian cell lines. The observation that the cell lines PC‐3, ALVA‐31, and PPC‐1 all have a homozygous deletion of the α‐catenin gene prompted us to investigate the uniqueness of these and several other widely used prostate carcinoma cell lines.METHODSThe genetic backgrounds of the putative human prostate cell lines (ALVA‐31, ALVA‐41, BPH‐1, DU 145, JCA‐1, LAPC‐4, LNCaP, NCI‐H660, ND‐1, PC‐3, PC‐3MM2, PC‐346C, PPC‐1, and TSU‐Pr1) were analyzed by cytogenetics, mutation analysis, and DNA profiling.RESULTSSimilarities between several groups of cell lines were found. ALVA‐31, ALVA‐41, PC‐3, PC‐3MM2, and PPC‐1 all have a deletion of a C in codon 138 of the p53 gene and show almost identical DNA profiles. The ND‐1 cell line has two p53 mutations that are identical to the mutations found in DU 145. These two cell lines also share a high number of structural chromosomal abnormalities and nearly identical DNA profiles. The cell lines TSU‐Pr1 and JCA‐1 share an identical p53 mutation in exon 5 and identical DNA profiles.CONCLUSIONSSeveral widely used prostate carcinoma cell lines apparently have identities in common. The knowledge that some of these cell lines are derivatives of one another prompts re‐evaluation of previously obtained results. Prostate 47:36–51, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐grade prostate cancer is associated with low serum testosterone levels
Authors: Schatzl Georg , Madersbacher Stephan , Thurridl Thomas , Waldmüller Julia , Kramer Gero , Haitel Andrea , Marberger Michael 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to assess whether low serum testosterone levels in men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer have an association to the endocrine status, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels, Gleason score, and androgen receptor expression.METHODSBesides a full clinical work‐up, the following hormones were quantified in men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer by serum analysis: total testosterone, human luteinising hormone (hLH), human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH), estradiol, and dehydroepiandrostendione (DHEA). In a subgroup of men, androgen receptor expression was determined immunohistochemically.RESULTSOne hundred and fifty six patients (65.7 ± 8.5 yrs) with a mean PSA of 29.8 ng/ml (median: 7.4 ng/ml) were analysed. Fifty‐two patients (33%) had a partial androgen deficiency (serum testosterone <3.0 ng/ml). These men had lower hLH (3.3 vs. 5.9 mIU/ml), hFSH (6.2 vs. 8.4 mIU/ml), and estradiol (18.8 vs. 29.1 pg/ml) serum levels. Mean Gleason score was higher (7.4 vs. 6.2) in men with a low serum testosterone, PSA‐levels were lower (25.3 vs. 31.9 ng/ml). Mean testosterone levels decreased from 4.1 ± 1.7 ng/ml in patients with Gleason scores ≤ 5 to 2.8 ± 2.7 ng/ml with Gleason scores ≥ 8. Androgen receptor expression was higher in patients with low serum testosterone.CONCLUSIONSPatients with high Gleason score prostate cancer have lower testosterone and estradiol serum levels. The fact that gonadotropins were lower in parallel suggests a tumor‐mediated suppression of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal hormone axis particularly in men with high Gleason score tumours. Prostate 47:52–58, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Why phase III trials of maximal androgen blockade versus castration in M1 prostate cancer rarely show statistically significant differences*
Authors: Collette Laurence , Studer Urs E. , Schröder Fritz H. , Denis Louis J. , Sylvester Richard J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe meta‐analysis of maximal androgen blockade (MAB) concluded that there is no survival advantage of MAB over castration alone. However, the results from the largest trials yield conflicting results.METHODSThe design and results of three trials were examined.RESULTSMost studies were planned to detect an over‐optimistic difference in survival and immature data were published. The survival curves show that statistical assumptions are not fulfilled. Excluding from the meta‐analysis all trials where a negative impact of disease flare on survival could not be excluded resulted in no difference in survival between MAB and castration.CONCLUSIONSTrials of MAB should be planned to detect differences of no more than 5–10% in median survival. The analyses should only be carried out on mature data and should take into account the possibility of a negative impact on survival due to disease flare if no anti‐androgen has been given initially with an LH‐RH agonist. Prostate 48:29–39, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endogenous nitric oxide‐mediated relaxation and nitrinergic innervation in the rabbit prostate: The changes with aging
Authors: Aikawa Ken , Yokota Takashi , Okamura Hiro‐oki , Yamaguchi Osamu 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDNitric oxide (NO) plays the key role in the non‐adrenergic non‐cholinergic (NANC) nerve‐mediated relaxation of prostate. We tried to determine whether nitrinergic innervation of the prostate is reduced with aging, and whether a reduction of this innervation alters the relaxant properties of prostatic tissue.METHODSThe prostate isolated from young rabbits at the age of 3 months and aged rabbits at the age of 24 months was used. Pharmacologic experiments using electrical field stimulation (EFS) were performed on strips of prostate. Nitrinergic nerves were identified histochemically by the presence of NADPH diaphorase reactivity.RESULTSThe prostate weighed 0.34 ± 0.06 g in the young and 0.78 ± 0.13 g in the aged (P < 0.01). Electrical stimulation caused frequency‐dependent relaxation that was inhibited by N‐nitro‐L‐arginine and increased by L‐arginine. Maximum relaxant rates of noradrenaline‐induced tone were 41.3 ± 1.8% and 22.7 ± 0.6% in the young and the aged (P < 0.01), respectively. Exogenous NO caused concentration‐dependent relaxation of the prostate. Both relaxation induced by electrical stimulation and exogenous NO were inhibited by LY83583 (a guanylate cyclase inhibitor). In all specimens, NADPH diaphorase activity was observed in the smooth muscle layer of the prostatic stroma and capsule. However, NADPH diaphorase positive nerves were significantly less in the aged than in the young (P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONSAs a result of these findings, it is suggested that both NO‐mediated relaxation and nitrinergic innervation are reduced with aging in this animal model. Prostate 48:40–46, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief communication: Uniform ultimate boundedness of a fuzzy logic controlled industrial robot
Authors: Chen Wuwei , Mills James K. , Chu Jiaxin , Sun Dong 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis article addresses the proof of uniform ultimate boundedness of a fuzzy logic controller plus a computed torque control scheme applied to trajectory tracking control of robotic manipulators. Further improvement of the performance of this fuzzy logic control scheme is achieved through automatic tuning of a weight parameter α leading to a self‐tuning fuzzy logic compensator. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the computed torque and fuzzy compensation scheme, as well as the self‐tuning fuzzy logic controller, applied to an industrial CRS Robotics Corporation A460 robot during a trajectory tracking task. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Development of a large parallel‐cable manipulator for the feed‐supporting system of a next‐generation large radio telescope
Authors: Su Y. X. , Duan B. Y. , Nan R. D. , Peng B. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA large parallel‐cable manipulator for the feed‐supporting system of a next‐generation large radio telescope is presented in this paper. The approximate kinematics model of the system is developed to improve real‐time controllability, and the rationality of this approximation is validated by a kinematics accuracy analysis. In order to guarantee the effectiveness of control, the singularity of the large parallel‐cable manipulator is analyzed (including kinematics and force singularities). The control strategy of the parallel‐cable feed‐supporting system is also proposed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An immune network with interactions between B cells for pattern recognition
Authors: Tashima Koichi , Tang Zheng , Ishizuka Okihiko , Tanno Koichi 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn this paper the authors propose an immune network which considers B cell interactions based on the immune response network of an organism. The authors modeled a network based on an immune mechanism which uses B cell interactions for an immune response network with interactions between B cells and T cells in an organism. They then created an immune network. Finally, the authors describe the validity of pattern recognition using their immune network by performing simulations on the proposed network. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 32(10): 31–41, 2001
A slice reduction method using function activation information
Authors: Nishimatsu Akira , Jihira Minoru , Kusumoto Shinji , Inoue Katsuro 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDuring debugging or maintenance of large‐scale software, it is useful to be able to restrict the reference range to a part of the program rather than reference the entire program. Program slicing has been proposed as a method to restrict the reference range. A static slice extracts the set of statements that can affect the values of the variables being watched. In many cases, however, the slices include parts that are in fact unrelated, and so the reference range cannot be sufficiently restricted. On the other hand, a dynamic slice can sufficiently restrict the reference range by actually executing the program and then using the dynamic information thus obtained to extract the set of statements which, when executed, may have an effect on the value of the variables being watched. However, considerable time and space are required in order to obtain the dynamic information during program execution. In this paper the authors propose a program slice extraction method which combines the small amount of dynamic information obtained by executing the program with static analysis. Slices extracted using this method are referred to as Call‐Mark slices. When calculating a Call‐Mark slice, first the data dependence relationship and the control dependence relationship in the program are analyzed in a static manner, then the procedures and function call memory during program execution are stored. Then, by clarifying the dynamic dependence relationship in the variables from the above information, slices can be collected more efficiently than in conventional approaches. In addition, the authors use the Call‐Mark slice in a slicing system that was previously developed, and then evaluate its validity. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 32(10): 59–68, 2001
Role of endoscopy in staging colorectal cancer
Authors: Frascio Flavio , Giacosa Attilio 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe treatment of colorectal cancer depends in large measure on the depth of tumor invasion and the extent of lymph node involvement. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has added a new dimension to the evaluation of tumor invasion and lymph node involvement in gastrointestinal cancer. The overall EUS accuracy for colorectal cancer T‐staging is 78%, specificity is 73%, and sensitivity is 94%. In determining the nodal involvement by tumor, EUS has an accuracy of 75%, specificity of 73%, and sensitivity of 74%. Comparison with computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and MRI with endorectal coil (MRIEC) shows that EUS is an effective single modality for assessing tumor penetration of the rectal wall. It does not, however, allow the assessment of distant metastatic disease. For assessing lymph node involvement, MRIEC offers the most comprehensive information. Semin. Surg. Oncol. 20:82–85, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of video‐laparoscopy in the staging of intra‐abdominal lymphomas and gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Cuschieri Alfred 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThere is good category II/III evidence that video‐laparoscopic staging is valuable in certain gastrointestinal (gastric, esophageal, pancreatic, and hepatobiliary) and intra‐abdominal lymphomas, but no category I evidence (based on prospective randomized trials). The evidence available is all retrospective, but of sufficient consistency to indicate that laparoscopic staging adds to the primary (imaging) staging and often alters the clinical stage of the disease and hence the management of the individual patient. The advent of laparoscopic contact ultrasound (LCU) scanning has improved the staging accuracy for pancreatic and hepatobiliary neoplasms. The laparoscopic approach also offers a means of surgical palliation in certain patient groups. However, there are a number of unresolved issues concerning the use of video‐laparoscopy. The most important concerns whether staging laparoscopy should be performed immediately before scheduled surgery or as a separate intervention. The cost‐efficacy of these two management options needs to be evaluated in prospective studies. In some centres, laparoscopic staging is being conducted by gastroenterologists and hepatologists. This raises issues of safety and ability to undertake certain procedures that may be necessary during the laparoscopic staging. Semin. Surg. Oncol. 20:167–172, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.