bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical evaluation of dielectric absorption of microwave energy at the scale of nucleic acids
Authors: Vanderstraeten Jacques , Vander Vorst André 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA theoretical model is proposed for the evaluation of dielectric properties of the cell nucleus between 0.3 and 3 GHz, as a function of its nucleic acids (NA) concentration (CNA). It is based on literature data on dielectric properties of DNA solutions and nucleoplasm. In skeletal muscle cells, the specific absorption rate (SAR) ratio between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm is found to be larger than one for CNA above 30 mg/ml. A nearly linear relationship is found between CNA and this nucleocytoplasmic SAR ratio. Considering the nanoscale of the layer of condensed counterions and bound water molecules at the NA‐solution interface, the power absorption per unit volume is evaluated at this precise location. It is found to be between one and two orders of magnitude above that in muscle tissue as a whole. Under realistic microwave (MW) exposure conditions, however, these SAR inhomogeneities do not generate any significant thermal gradient at the scale considered here. Nevertheless, the question arises of a possible biological relevance of nonnegligible and preferential heat production at the location of the cell nucleus and of the NA molecules. Bioelectromagnetics 25:380–389, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
4 Hz EMF treated physiological solution depresses Ach‐induced neuromembrane current
Authors: Ayrapetyan S.N. , Hunanyan A.Sh. , Hakobyan S.N. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe effect of 4 Hz EMF treated physiological solution (PS) on acetylcholine (Ach) sensitivity of the snail neuron was studied. The 4 Hz EMF treated normal PS at room temperature (23 °C) has a depressing effect on Ach induced current, while in cold medium (12 °C) this effect disappeared. EMF treated, ouabain containing, K‐free PS elevates the Ach‐induced current at room temperature. It is suggested that the metabotropic effect of EMF treated PS is due to the activation of cGMP‐dependent Na:Ca exchange, leading to the decrease of the number of functional active receptors in the membrane, through Na–K pump‐induced cell shrinkage, and to increase the receptors affinity to Ach, as the result of decrease of intracellular Ca concentration. Bioelectromagnetics 25:397–399, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hollow Boron Nitride (BN) Nanocages and BN‐Nanocage‐Encapsulated Nanocrystals
Authors: Zhu Ying‐Chun , Bando Yoshio , Yin Long‐Wei , Golberg Dmitri 
Published: June 2004

AbstractHollow boron nitride (BN) nanocages (nanospheres, image on the left) and BN‐nanocage‐encapsulated GaN nanocrystals (right) have been synthesized by using a homemade BNO precursors. The as‐prepared BN hollow nanocages have typically spherical morphologies with diameters ranging from 30 to 200 nm. The nanocages have crystalline structures. Peanutlike nanocages with double walls have also been observed; their internal space is divided into seperated compartments by the internal walls. The method is extended to sheathe nanocrystals with BN nanocages; BN‐shell/GaN‐core nanostructures have been successfully fabriacted. The method may be generally applicable to the fabrication BN‐sheathed nanocrystals.
Negative Current Pulses in Atmospheric Pressure DC ElectricalDischarge
Authors: Aubrecht L. , Koller J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractDC atmospheric pressure glow discharge with needle‐to‐plate electrode configuration stabilized by a gas flow can be used for a wide range of ecological applications, such as cleaning of polluted gases, destructing complex hydrocarbons from industrial gases, controlling acid gases etc. However, this type of positive discharge is a source of very intense radiation of electromagnetic waves in wideband region up to 300 MHz. Electromagnetic radiation is given by a strong current pulsation with the amplitude up to ten amperes and a frequency of about tens kHz. The influence of electric current and internal gas flow rate is studied. The possible electromagnetic disturbance and compatibility with computers and other electronic instruments is discussed. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Laser plasma plume kinetic spectroscopy of the nitrogen and carbon species (Contributions to Plasma Physics 43 No. 7, 426 (2003))
Authors: Zelinger Z. , Novotný M. , Bulíř J. , Lančok J. , Kubát P. , Jelínek M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSee original Contributions to Plasma Physics, 43, No. 7, 426 (2003)
A model‐based approach for automated in vitro cell tracking and chemotaxis analyses
Authors: Debeir Olivier , Camby Isabelle , Kiss Robert , Van Ham Philippe , Decaestecker Christine 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBackgroundChemotaxis may be studied in two main ways: 1) counting cells passing through an insert (e.g., using Boyden chambers), and 2) directly observing cell cultures (e.g., using Dunn chambers), both in response to stationary concentration gradients. This article promotes the use of Dunn chambers and in vitro cell‐tracking, achieved by video microscopy coupled with automatic image analysis software, in order to extract quantitative and qualitative measurements characterizing the response of cells to a diffusible chemical agent.MethodsPreviously, we set up a videomicroscopy system coupled with image analysis software that was able to compute cell trajectories from in vitro cell cultures. In the present study, we are introducing a new software increasing the application field of this system to chemotaxis studies. This software is based on an adapted version of the active contour methodology, enabling each cell to be efficiently tracked for hours and resulting in detailed descriptions of individual cell trajectories. The major advantages of this method come from an improved robustness with respect to variability in cell morphologies between different cell lines and dynamical changes in cell shape during cell migration. Moreover, the software includes a very small number of parameters which do not require overly
sensitive tuning. Finally, the running time of the software is very short, allowing improved possibilities in acquisition frequency and, consequently, improved descriptions of complex cell trajectories, i.e. trajectories including cell division and cell crossing.ResultsWe validated this software on several artificial and real cell culture experiments in Dunn chambers also including comparisons with manual (human‐controlled) analyses.ConclusionsWe developed new software and data analysis tools for automated cell tracking which enable cell chemotaxis to be efficiently analyzed. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymptotic performance comparison of concatenated (turbo) codes overGF(4)
Authors: Ghrayeb Ali , Abualrub Taher 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate and compare the asymptotic performance of concatenated convolutional coding schemes overGF(4) over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. Both parallel concatenated codes (PCC) and serial concatenated codes (SCC) are considered. We construct such codes using optimal non‐binary convolutional codes where optimality is in the sense of achieving the largest minimum distance for a fixed number of encoder states. Code rates of the formk0/(k0+ 1) fork0=1, 8, and 64 are considered, which suite a wide spectrum of communications applications. For all of these code rates, we find the minimum distance and the corresponding multiplicity for both concatenated code systems. This is accomplished by feeding the encoder with all possible weight‐two and weight‐three input information patterns and monitoring, at the output of the encoder, the weight of the corresponding codewords and their multiplicity. Our analytical results indicate that the SCC codes considerably outperform their counterpart PCC codes at a much lower complexity. Inspired by the superiority of SCC codes, we also discuss a mathematical approach for analysing such codes, leading to a more comprehensive analysis and allowing for further improvement in performance by giving insights on designing a proper interleaver that is capable of eliminating the dominant error patterns. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organization of fibroblasts in the heart
Authors: Goldsmith Edie C. , Hoffman Adam , Morales Mary O. , Potts Jay D. , Price Robert L. , McFadden Alex , Rice Michael , Borg Thomas K. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractCardiac fibroblasts are organized into a three‐dimensional network in the heart. This organization follows the endomysial weave network that surrounds groups of myocytes. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction, Western blots, and immunohistochemistry were used to show that discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) was specific for cardiac fibroblasts and not expressed on endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, or cardiac myocytes. DDR2 is expressed early in development and in the adult heart. High voltage electron microscopy (HVEM), scanning electron microscopy, and laser scanning confocal microscopy document the three‐dimensional organization of fibroblasts in the heart. Antibodies against connexin 43 and 45 showed different patterns but confirmed, along with HVEM, that fibroblasts are connected to each other as well as cardiac myocytes. The implications of this arrangement of fibroblasts can be important to cardiac function. The signaling of DDR2 and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 in relation to collagen turnover and remodeling is discussed. Developmental Dynamics 230:787–794, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Robust matching with form model for faxed general form understanding
Authors: Hirano Takashi , Okada Yasuhiro , Yoda Fumio 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFAXOCR is a device that reads handwritten characters on a faxed form. However, it is difficult to extract fields for character recognition when the form image includes deformation or noise. In order to cope with such a problem, special forms have been used with constraints on the format structure. This paper proposes a method of field extraction in which a general form can be read without constraints on the form structure. In the method, the feature points extracted from the form image and the feature points of the form model are matched. The deformation of the form image is estimated, and the position of the field is determined. Since the feature points can be extracted from the tables, character sequences, and illustrations which are contained in ordinary forms, the method can be applied to general forms with diversified structures. The estimation of deformation is robust to disappearance of feature points or to new appearance of excessive feature points, and the method is robust to degradation of the form image due to noise and other disturbances. The proposed method was applied to 650 general form images of 50 different kinds with deformations inherent to fax, and its effectiveness was demonstrated. The method has also been applied to field data, and performance at a practical level (form rejection rate of 3.5%) has been obtained. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(12): 60–72, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20130
Synthesis, Structure and Binding Properties of Nickel and Copper [14]Cyclidene Complexes with Appended Aza Crown Ethers
Authors: Korybut‐Daszkiewicz Bohdan , Taraszewska Joanna , Zięba Katarzyna , Makal Anna , Woźniak Krzysztof 
Published: June 2004

AbstractCopper(II) and nickel(II) cyclidenes linked with one or two 15‐azacrown‐5 ethers (3Ni, 4Ni and 4Cu) as well as similar model morpholine‐substituted derivatives (2Cu, 2Ni) have been synthesized and characterized using ESI mass‐spectrometry, X‐ray diffraction, spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis. Cyclic voltammetry of the copper complexes exhibits two reversible redox couples CuII/III and CuII/I, whereas the nickel complexes show reversible NiII/III and irreversible NiII/I redox processes. Cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry have been used to study interactions of metal cations and amino acids with the above complexes. Na+ and Li+ interact weakly with the 3Ni complex. In the presence of Mg2+, the ligand isomerizes from aldehyde to enolate ion, which interacts strongly with Mg2+. The presence of lysine caused a more pronounced shift of the CuII/III potential in 4Cu than did leucyne. This suggests that there are interactions between the NH3+ group and the crown ether moiety and between the carboxylic group and the CuIII center of the former guest. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Cover Picture: Subsequent Hydride Substitution in (Arene)trihydridodiruthenium Complexes: Synthesis and Structure of Thiolato‐Bridged Diruthenium Cations of the Type [H2(arene)2Ru2(p‐X−C6H4−S)]+ and [H(arene)2Ru2(p‐X−C6H4−S)2]+ (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 12/2004)
Authors: Tschan Mathieu J.‐L. , Chérioux Frédéric , Therrien Bruno , Süss‐Fink Georg 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe cover picture shows the half‐open way from well‐known (arene)ruthenium complexes to π‐conjugated materials. This work illustrates the transition from molecular catalysts to molecular building blocks for conducting polymers and nonlinear optics. Details are discussed in the Short Communication by F. Chérioux et al. on p. 2405 ff. The authors are grateful to the Swiss National Science Foundation for financial support.
Landslide inventories and their statistical properties
Authors: Malamud Bruce D. , Turcotte Donald L. , Guzzetti Fausto , Reichenbach Paola 
Published: June 2004

AbstractLandslides are generally associated with a trigger, such as an earthquake, a rapid snowmelt or a large storm. The landslide event can include a single landslide or many thousands. The frequency–area (or volume) distribution of a landslide event quantiﬁes the number of landslides that occur at different sizes. We examine three well‐documented landslide events, from Italy, Guatemala and the USA, each with a different triggering mechanism, and ﬁnd that the landslide areas for all three are well approximated by the same three‐parameter inverse‐gamma distribution. For small landslide areas this distribution has an exponential ‘roll‐over’ and for medium and large landslide areas decays as a power‐law with exponent ‐2·40. One implication of this landslide distribution is that the mean area of landslides in the distribution is independent of the size of the event. We also introduce a landslide‐event magnitude scale mL = log(NLT), with NLT the total number of landslides associated with a trigger. If a landslide‐event inventory is incomplete (i.e. smaller landslides are not included), the partial inventory can be compared with our landslide probability distribution, and the corresponding landslide‐event magnitude inferred. This technique can be applied to inventories of historical landslides, inferring the total number of landslides that occurred over geologic time, and how many of these have been erased by erosion, vegetation, and human activity. We have also considered three rockfall‐dominated inventories, and ﬁnd that the frequency–size distributions differ substantially from those associated with other landslide types. We suggest that our proposed frequency–size distribution for landslides (excluding rockfalls) will be useful in quantifying the severity of landslide events and the contribution of landslides to erosion. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling transverse dunes
Authors: Schwämmle Veit , Herrmann Hans 
Published: June 2004

AbstractTransverse dunes appear in regions of mainly unidirectional wind and high sand availability. A dune model is extended to two‐dimensional calculation of the shear stress. It is applied to simulate dynamics and morphology of three‐dimensional transverse dunes. In the simulations they seem to reach translational invariance and do not stop growing. Hence, simulations of two‐dimensional dune ﬁelds have been performed. Characteristic laws were found for the time evolution of transverse dunes. Bagnold's law of the dune velocity is modiﬁed and reproduced. The interaction between transverse dunes led to the interesting conclusion that small dunes can travel over bigger ones. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Information and Noise in U.K. Futures Markets
Authors: Holmes Phil , Tomsett Mark 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis paper examines the extent to which futures price changes are driven by noise and information for three U.K. futures contracts by utilizing T. Andersen's (1996) specification of the mixture of distributions hypothesis. Use of the generalized method of moments approach demonstrates that the link between futures volume and volatility can be attributed to the flow of information. More importantly, it is shown that price movements are dominated by informed rather than noise trading for the FTSE‐100, the Long Gilt, and the Brent Oil futures contracts. The results suggest that further regulation based on the notion that noise traders dominate futures trading is unwarranted. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:711–731, 2004
Price Discovery in the Pits: The Role of Market Makers on the CBOT and the Sydney Futures Exchange
Authors: Frino Alex , Harris Frederick H. deB. , McInish Thomas H. , Tomas III Michael J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis paper uses the methods of error correction and common factor analysis to estimate the contribution of locals (market makers who may participate directly by trading for their own account) and non‐local traders to price discovery on the floor of the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) and the Sydney Futures Exchange (SFE) during a period when open outcry trading was used on both exchanges. We examine these two execution channels for the CBOT's U.S. Treasury bond contract and the SFE's three‐year bonds, ten‐year bonds, ninety‐day bankers' accepted bills, and stock index contracts. For each of the futures contracts, the trade price series of local and non‐local traders are cointegrated. VAR analysis reveals lag structures eight to fifteen trades long in the dynamic adjustment of equilibrium prices in these markets, but time spans of only one to three seconds within synchronous trades. We find evidence of multilateral price discovery by the two execution channels for each of the five contracts. Locals account for 44 to 73% of the price discovery in the four SFE contracts and for 58% of the price discovery in the CBOT's T‐bond contract. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:785–804, 2004
Disease control, survival, and functional outcome after multimodal treatment for advanced‐stage tongue base cancer
Authors: Malone James P. , Stephens Julie A. , Grecula John C. , Rhoades Chris A. , Ghaheri Bobak A. , Schuller David E. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBackground.Surgical resection and postoperative radiation for advanced‐stage malignancies of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and hypopharynx result in a dismal overall survival of 38%. Patients with carcinoma of the tongue base frequently have advanced disease at the time of presentation, and combined‐modality therapy is usually required to achieve cure. Because of the poor survival rates with advanced malignancies with standard therapy, new and innovative approaches continue to be developed in an attempt to have a greater impact on disease control, patient survival, and functional outcome after therapy. This study examines functional outcome, survival, and disease control in patients receiving an intensified treatment regimen with concomitant chemoradiotherapy, surgery, and intraoperative radiotherapy for previously untreated, resectable, stage III and IV squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue base.Methods.Forty patients with previously untreated, resectable, stage III and IV squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue base were treated in one of three sequential phase II intensification regimens (IRs). Treatment consisted of perioperative, hyperfractionated radiotherapy (9.1 Gy) with concurrent cisplatin followed by surgical resection with intraoperative radiotherapy boost (7.5 Gy). Postoperative treatment involved concurrent chemoradiotherapy (40 Gy to the primary site and upper neck and 45 Gy to the supraclavicular areas) with cisplatin with or without paclitaxel. Locoregional and distant disease control, 2‐year overall, and disease‐specific survival rates were calculated. The Performance Status Scale (PSS) for Head and Neck Cancer Patients was administered to 25 of the surviving patients. The effects of the method of surgical reconstruction, surgery involving the mandible and/or larynx, and early versus advanced T stage on PSS score were evaluated with the Wilcoxon rank‐sum test.Results.Median follow‐up in months for IR1, IR2, and IR3 were 83.6, 75.2, and 26.8. The locoregional control rate was 100%, and the rate of distant metastases was 7.5% for all patients. Two‐year overall and disease‐specific survival rates for the entire study population were 74.7% and 93.6%, respectively. Mean PSS scores by subscales Eating in Public, Understandability of Speech, and Normalcy of Diet were 55 (range, 0–100), 73 (range, 25–100), and 49 (range, 0–100), respectively. PSS scores were significantly higher in patients with primary closure of the surgical defect, no mandibular surgery, and early T‐stage lesions.Conclusions.Although functional outcome may be decreased by certain surgical interventions and advanced T stage, the high rate of locoregional and distant disease control and excellent 2‐year disease‐specific survival supports an aggressive treatment regimen for advanced tongue base cancer. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 561–572, 2004
Bovine serum albumin conformational changes upon adsorption on titania and on hydroxyapatite and their relation with biomineralization
Authors: Serro A. P. , Bastos M. , Pessoa J. Costa , Saramago B. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe biocompatibility of implant materials used for substitution of bone tissue depends on its ability to induce the deposition of a hydroxyapatite layer when in contact with body fluids. In previous work, some of the authors found that bovine serum albumin (BSA) promotes calcium phosphate deposition if preadsorbed on hydroxyapatite and retards precipitation if preadsorbed on titania. In the present study, we investigated the adsorption of BSA upon particles of titania and hydroxyapatite in order to understand the different role played by the protein on the mineralization of both biomaterials. The adsorption isotherms were determined and the structural changes induced by adsorption at different surface coverages were investigated by circular dichroism spectroscopy and differential scanning microcalorimetry. At low surface coverages, the adsorbed BSA molecules lost part of their α‐helix content. However, at high surface coverages, corresponding to the plateau values of the adsorption isotherms, the BSA molecules did not undergo structural rearrangements upon adsorption. In the latter circumstances, the availability of BSA calcium binding sites, which should be responsible for inducing mineralization, depends on the electrostatic interactions between BSA and the sorbent surface. A possible explanation for the different mineralization behavior of hydroxyapatite and titania is advanced. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 70A: 420–427, 2004