bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studying Affecting Factors in Geothermal Energy Production from Depleted Oil Fields of Onshore Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Bataee M. , Tan S. W. J. , Ashena R. , Carter R. , Bennour Z. , Hamdi Z. , Rostamian A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The main focus of this project was to study the feasibility of extracting geothermal energy from existing onshore oil fields located in the Baram basin, in northern Sarawak, Malaysia. This basin has a rich history of over 110 years of oil and gas exploration and production. The idea of repurposing depleted hydrocarbon fields for geothermal energy production is more interesting than conventional geothermal cases is owing to elimination of huge drilling and completion costs. Geothermal energy is clean, continuous, reliable, has low carbon emissions, requires minimal land use, and has lower material costs compared to other renewable sources. Additionally, it has minimal reliance on critical minerals. Recent published data demonstrate that the global levelized cost of electricity (LCoE) for geothermal is competitive with other forms of renewables at around US$100 / MWh. At the time of writing, there are no operational geothermal power plants in Malaysia, but plans are in place to investigate its potential further in Sabah and West Malaysia after 2025. Our study utilized simulation methods to calculate enthalpy production under certain assumptions. Numerical simulation modeling was conducted to perform sensitivity analysis on selected parameters, aiming to understand the effect of subsurface uncertainties on the range of geothermal energy production. These parameters include permeability, porosity, rock thermal conductivity, rock heat capacity, injection flow rate, injection temperature, and well spacing. The value of each parameter was calibrated based on existing published literature, and they were varied from maximum to minimum values against a base case scenario. The sensitivity analysis demonstrated that well spacing was the most significant parameter affecting the amount of geothermal energy production for the selected realizations and scenarios, which were based on analogue studies of the Baram Basin fields.
Hyamine Method Applied to Brazilian Campos Basin
Authors: Rizzo P. , Santos I. , Brant V. , de Barros L. , Fidalgo Neto A. , da Silva M. , Fontes R. , Sacorague L. , Carvalho R. , Freitas T. C. , Silva J. , Silva G. M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe residual level analysis related to scale inhibitors in produced water using offshore methodology is the key challenge in inorganic scale management, therefore proposal of simple and fast analytical techniques is mandatory. The objective of this work is to quantify residual polymeric scale inhibitors in produced water from a Brazilian post-salt well A using the solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by reaction with a precipitating agent and subsequent turbidimetric evaluation.Major obstacle in this development topic regarding residual scale inhibitor detection methodologies relay on the matrix interference due to contaminants and the usual high salinity in samples. In fact, SPE allowed the removal of these interferents and, also, made feasible the analyte pre-concentration. The reagent Hyamine 1622 was employed due to its ability to effectively precipitate anionic surfactants, generating detectable turbidity. For this, the methodology was optimized considering sample percolation and desorption volumes, pH, time and temperature related to the complexation between the inhibitor and Hyamine 1622, being then successful in quantifying the polymeric scale inhibitor (usually employed in squeeze treatment) in residual levels with adequate linearity. In addition, it was found that the possible presence of iron (due to corrosive processes) does not compromise the analy sis, which is highly desirable. Further evaluation was also carried out with synthetic brine samples (representative of the field conditions), showing similar behavior that is found for produced water, indicating that the procedure is efficient in removing interferents.Each brazilian scenario offers physicochemical particularities due to the inherent well characteristics, which are based both on the matrix and the active polymeric compounds from the squeeze treatment. Therefore, each development and optimization method will depend on these variables, but the present initiative demonstrates not only the viability of the analytical and operational approach, but also the potential to standardize analyzes in an offshore environment.
Ensemble-Based Assisted History Match Using Machine Learning and Optimization Model
Authors: Victoria D. , Mendoza L. , Gonzalez C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
History matching is a key task during reservoir modeling for making feasible operational decisions in field development. However, classic approaches for history matching are expensive in terms of time and computational requirements. The main objective of this project is to accelerate the HM process using an innovative approach that includes an additional step that allows the integration of machine learning with a numerical simulation to deliver efficient and superior-quality results for the history match.
This solution comprises an ML model and an optimization process that uses as input the first simulation results coming from sampling with a Monte Carlo algorithm to train the model. This allows for finding the optimized distribution and ranges of the variables that help the most in mismatch reduction. The second stage runs a set of numerical simulations based on the Monte Carlo method with the recommended ranges and distribution; the new simulations results feed back into the ML algorithm, which returns more narrow ranges and distribution; this process continues until an acceptable solution is found.
As an application example, three iterations and 475 simulation runs were needed to achieve a desirable solution. This result was compared with the traditional calibration technology using the same number of simulation runs, and the new approach showed better overall results for the mismatch error. Comparing the total time used in both cases, the solution with ML is more efficient, taking 2.5 hours over 10 hours with the classic approach (four times faster), and it is delivering better results than the traditional solution in terms of accuracy. The main output of this solution is an ensemble of matched models providing a robust description of subsurface uncertainty, which means a high degree of predictability in the forecast scenarios for quantifying the associated risk for the field development plan (FDP). This offers the capability to estimate the chance of meeting production volumes above the threshold for economic success after established years of forecasting and making a high-fidelity decision in future development plans. Another important characteristic is the efficiency in the number of runs needed to find a solution and the time invested, and finally, the API developed is created with a user-friendly interface with well-defined steps.
The implementation of new methodologies and the way of integrating numerical simulations with digital solutions such as machine learning on a scalable compute environment demonstrate to have effectiveness due to the framework for continuous improvement reducing the error of the reservoir model when new data comes in. An ensemble-based approach for reservoir modeling and history matching helps to ensure success in making high-fidelity decisions in future development plans.
Establishment of a Robust Digital Transformation Framework to Increase Production and Perpetuate Operational Efficiency Gains
Authors: Moreira P. C. M. , Ferreira L. E. L. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The goal of this study is to illustrate the main findings, drivers, and challenges of operational processes digitalization in offshore oil platforms. Some studies show low rates of successful digital initiatives even in an environment where businesses from all industries are concentrating on boost their digital transformation to quickly respond to market changes, increase their competitiveness, and provide value to their clients. Therefore, it is vital to create a clear digital process stream, define the digital pillars, and establish the principles of the digital culture in an ongoing quest for the sustainability and scalability of digital tools, along with the dedication to perpetuating benefits to enhance productivity and improve efficiency. It became clear that Digital Transformation is less about training data scientists and programmers and more about training individuals capable of driving technologies with values and purpose. In a competitive environment, who prevails is the one that can successfully implement and perpetuate ideas. Additionally, technology can succeed or fail depending on people and processes. In this context, a comprehensive examination of digital transformation frameworks was conducted, and the People-Process-Technology (PPT) framework was selected. Some of the agile traps were detailed, exposing risks of agile methods. Then, an analysis of cultural change considering people training was also performed, where different strategies are exhibited together with its results. Finally, a discussion about sharing data and values among corporations is presented, showing that companies that are engaged in disseminating data are more likely to survive and contribute to their clients, suppliers, and the whole society. Only after starting a journey of creating a new culture, it was possible to implement more than 200 digital solutions since 2020 with almost zero capital expenditure and generated more than 2.5 million oil barrels of value. In conclusion, it was found that there is no "Digital Transformation", but rather a "Cultural Transformation Using Digital Solutions".
Correlating Shrinkage Behavior and Transit Time Development in Well Cement for Offshore Wells
Authors: Costa Carvalho Carlos Pessanha , Melo da Silva Emilio Cesar Cavalcante , Telles Jose Claudio De Faria , Simao Cristina Aiex , Tavares Pedro Rocha , Blanco Ana Luiza Pessanha , Toledo Filho Romildo Dias , de Siqueira lolanda Scheibe , Mello e Alvim Thiago Monteiro 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Understanding cement shrinkage behavior in offshore well cement sheaths is crucial for assessing integrity and preventing potential issues. This study investigates the correlation between early strength development and shrinkage to assist in cement paste design. In this research, one cement paste was formulated with water-to-cement ratio of 0.36 and cured under different conditions, including temperatures of 40 °C, 60 °C and 80 °C, and a pressure of 1.0 kpsi. The development of the cement pastes was analyzed using ultrasonic pulse velocity and volumetric shrinkage tests over a period of 90 hours. By employing specific markers of percolation in each test, the results were synchronized, enabling the correlation of data to better understand the evolution of shrinkage and its relationship to transit time.
The results obtained from the experimental testing showed a clear correlation between the normalized evolutions of transit time and cement shrinkage for the 3 testing conditions. The findings of this study allow the practitioner to understand when and how shrinkage will occur, with respect to a routine test, the ultrasonic pulse velocity. The results can feed numerical models of early cement behavior. This will support better decisions about well operations to be performed during the wait-on-cement time and in the following days, improving its performance as a well barrier.
Elimination of Sheen in the Ocean Generated by Overboard Water from Offshore Crude Oil Production Facilities
Authors: Franca Leonardo , Silva Danilo da , Fakunle Daniel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The objective for the technical proposal, related to the Offshore water clarification Bottle test, is to propose a list of clarifiers alternatives for organic solids and oil removal that cause eventual discoloration (Sheen), observed at several offshore production facilities at sea water. Due the impact of overboard produced water quality, one of the causes is the type of clarifier implemented (di-thiocarbamate molecule - DTC), which will be replaced with a non-DTC molecule and improve some overboard water issues. After this new chemical application, crude oil Producers will re-evaluate the overboard produced water parameters, to understand if there is the need to improve the water quality. The test must follow several requirements as a visual water aspect (ocean surface - Sheen) improvement. New technic of investigation and a successful field trial. White and milky aspect can be caused by insoluble water clarifier in the produced water. The sheen aspect in the ocean can be evaluated with actual lab tests, using the Turbidity scan equipment and incumbent product, that is showing poor transmission and poor back scattering. Solids and iron detected by Flow Camera and XRF instruments are proving the accumulation of solids and iron in the top of the ocean, causing a long sheen length in the ocean.
According to the procedure stablished for field trial, after all chemical studies, bottle test, organic solids investigation and analysis of Sea Water surface visual aspect during the trial, to validate the Clarifier and Sheen removal treatment, observing if the discoloration issue would be solved after the injection in the system. Also, the following parameters were measured during the trial: Oil in Water (OIW, ppm), Turbidity (NTU – Nephelometric Turbidity Unit), Iron content (Iron II, Iron III and Total Iron) and Total Suspended Solids - TSS (onshore). A combination of coagulant and flocculant products pre-selected with a severe and deep produced water and Floating Production Storage and Offloading - FPSO production studies, demonstrated an excellent performance during the field trial, and any discoloration in the ocean surface was observed on the overboard point, as we could observe before the field trial. The analysis quickly reached the expected values established in the procedure, and this was a great quality demonstrated by the efficiency of the product in the field application.
Development and Implementation of an IA-Based System to Automate Textual Classification on Daily Drilling Reports
Authors: Perrout S. , Riente A. F. , Vanni G. , Anjos J. , Mendes D. H. , Guilherme I. , Pedronette D. C. , Rodrigues R. B. , Privatto P. I. , Murari R. P. , Penteado B. , Afonso L. C. Sugi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Structured daily drilling reports (DDRs) are a rich source of information that allows better planning, more accurate risk analysis, improved key performance indicators (KPIs), and contracts. However, such information is originally stored in a free-text and unstructured format, which becomes difficult for efficient data mining. With the advances of artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies, particularly AI language models, applying such techniques over unstructured data became key in the digital transformation phenomenon. This paper presents an approach for automatic DDR classification, incorporating new techniques of artificial intelligence. The proposed classifier is already in use in Petrobras for offshore DDR classification.
Influence of Academic Support Program on the Academic Performance of Low-achiever Students of First-phase MBBS
Authors: Bose Sukhwant , Siddiqui Nazeem Ishrat 
Published: October 2023

Background and Aim:
The rigorous medical curriculum and stressful environment of medical college for the newer entrants make their transition from school to medical college difficult. Their academic performances get affected adversely due to difficulties in conceptual thinking, language, communication, fear of failing, parental and peer pressure, misguided friendships, and difficult interaction with seniors and faculty members. Keeping this in mind the present study is aimed to identify and address students’ difficulties in the medical college, provide remedial support, and record students’ perceptions about the academic support program.

Materials and Methods:
The newly entered first phase MBBS students were grouped as high achiever (HA) (>50% marks) and low achiever (LA) (<50% marks) based on their marks in internal examinations. They were further divided into small groups and allocated a mentor. Mentor is a senior faculty member who acts as counselor and facilitator to support students for their academic and nonacademic problems. Mean, standard deviation, and percentage were calculated for the marks scored in the internal examinations. Unpaired t-test was applied and learning gain (g) was calculated.

Results:
The average scores of LA and HA groups in the first internal examination were 23.87% and 53.15% which rose to 48.90% and 68.34%, respectively, in university examinations; learning gains in these groups were 33% and 32%, respectively, indicating a positive impact of the program. Majority of the students were strongly agreed that their academic performances improved, and they developed self-confidence to perform better in the subsequent parts of the curriculum.

Conclusions:
Academic performance improves when students are provided with a conducive environment along with academic and emotional support and feedback about their learning.
Morphometry of Human Ear Ossicles
Authors: Kumar B. Senthil , Anjum Asra , Vallinayagam R. , Selvi G. Panneer , Vendhan K. Ezhil 
Published: October 2023

Background and Aim:
Congenital anomalies and malformations of ear ossicles will cause hearing problems. Most commonly they will be either the absence of long process of incus or capitulum of stapes. The basic knowledge on variations of the ear ossicles and its morphometric data will help the otologist for performing reconstructive surgery and it also provides necessary information for the prosthesis designers. This study aimed to study and analyze the morphometric and morphological features of ear ossicles with correlation on both sides from wet and dry specimens.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 15 sets of human ear ossicles were collected from both cadavers and as well from dry skulls in the Department of Anatomy, VMKV Medical College and Hospital, Salem. A good-quality photograph was taken, and the image was transferred to the computer and magnified. The measuring tool was used, and all the morphometry parameters were recorded and analyzed.

Results:
The ear ossicles morphometry of the right and left were analyzed and compared. Morphological variations were noted, and morphometric variations (length and width) were also analyzed.

Conclusion:
The knowledge of variations of these ossicles and its morphometric data will help the otologist during reconstructive surgery and provide necessary information for the prosthesis designer.
Effect of Fetal Movement Count on Prenatal Attachment among Primi- and Multigravida Women
Authors: Senapati Velentina , Xavier Shoba P. , D’Silva Precilla 
Published: October 2023

Background and Aim:
Fetal Movement counting is an important measure helps in early identification of fetal wellbeing. This study aimed to determine the maternal and fetal attachment among primi and multigravida women and find their association with baseline variables.

Materials and Methods:
Study was conducted in a selected Hospital of Mangaluru in the antental OPD from february to march 2020. The study included 80 women in the age group of 20-40 years and 32-38 weeks of gestation. Study group was divided as primigravida and multigravida women. Paired and unpaired t test was used to assess the difference between the prenatal attachment score.

Results:
No significant difference observed among primi and multgravida women. Also no association was found with baseline variables.

Conclusion:
There is no difference with prenatal attachment observed between primigravida and multigravida women which concludes that attachment towards the growing fetus is not dependent on gravida status.
Correlation between Joint Hypermobility and Balance in Indian Elite Gymnasts
Authors: Kocheta Rashmi , Musale Rima , Andhare Nilesh 
Published: October 2023

Background and Aim:
As gymnast required good flexibility, therefore they are trained accordingly by overstretching and creating overstressed on joints, muscles and tendons which eventually end up in loss of control on joint motion and lead to excessive range of motion. The purpose of this study is to find out the correlation between flexibility of the muscles and balance in young gymnast.

Materials and Methods:
Total 123 elite gymnast, age group (10-18) years, females and males. Selected using convenient sampling method. Permission was taken from institutional ethical committee for the cross-sectional study design. Demographic data was collected followed by assessment. Stork balance test it is used for static balance and Lower quarter “Y” balance test used for dynamic balance. As well Joint hypermobility was assessed using Beighton 9-point scoring system. Data was processed using the excel (version 16) basic parameters were calculated: arithmetic mean and statistical analysis (Pearson correlation) was used to correlate.

Results:
74 gymnasts were selected according to inclusive criteria out of which 75% female (n = 56) and 24% male (n = 18). The data was divided according to gender, and type of sports. Result derived that correlation coefficient between Beighton and stork test and between Beighton and Y balance in females playing rhythmic gymnastics is (r = 0.1) and (r = 0.05), and for males playing artistic gymnastics is (r = -0.23) for both tests.

Conclusion:
In present study, positive correlation coefficient was found in females playing rhythmic gymnast while negative correlation was found in male playing artistic gymnasts related to hypermobility and balance.
Perception toward Wearing White Coat among Clinical Students of a Dental College in South India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shekhawat Kuldeep Singh , Sakthidevi S. , Gupta Juhi , Jain Deepika 
Published: October 2023

Background and Aim:
Wearing white coat is a recognizable symbol among dental students. It is associated with dignity and respect. However, students are often spotted wearing white coat/apron in public places, a trait that needs to be explored/rectified. Therefore, the aim was to determine student’s perception regarding the usage of white coat/aprons.

Materials and Methods:
A 10-item closed-ended questionnaire was distributed among clinical students of a dental institute. The questionnaire elicited their understanding of wearing white coat in hospital/college premises, reasons for wearing it after college hours/outside premises, maintenance of white apron, and their willingness to substitute with scrubs. The data were analyzed for frequency distribution.

Results:
About 65% wore white coat as personal protective equipment within college premises. About 40% commuted to college wearing white coat. More than 91% wore white coat outside college premises during and immediately after college hours. More than 71% kept their belongings in apron pockets. Reasons such as “To lazy to remove white coat” and “For a different feeling” were common responses for wearing white coat outside premises. Eleven percent cited “ease of clothing” as another reason. Majority of study participants preferred white coat over scrubs during college hours.

Conclusion:
The study provides insight of students understanding of white coat. There is a clear lack of awareness regarding when, where, and how to use a white coat. Institutions have an important role in promoting and disseminating the importance of using white coat. In addition, there is a need for standard white coat handling and maintenance policy to be drafted and implemented.