bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrazolylamidino‐ and Bis(pyrazole)manganese(I) Complexes
Authors: Arroyo Marta , López‐Sanvicente Álvaro , Miguel Daniel , Villafañe Fernando 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe pyrazolylamidino complexes fac‐[MnBr(CO)3{NH=C(R)pz‐κ2N,N}] or fac‐[MnBr(CO)3{NH=C(R)dmpz‐κ2N,N}] (R = CH3, C6H5) are obtained by reaction of fac‐[MnBr(CO)3(NCR)2] and equimolar amounts of pzH or dmpzH (dmpz = 3,5‐Me2pz), although these reactions also afford the bis(pyrazole) complexes as by‐products. The bispyrazole complexes fac‐[MnBr(CO)3(pzH)2] or fac‐[MnBr(CO)3(dmpzH)2] are selectively obtained from [MnBr(CO)5] and two equivalents of pzH or dmpzH. Their solid‐state structures, determined by X‐ray diffraction methods, show the N‐bound hydrogens of the pyrazoles pointing towards the bromine atom. The pyrazolylamidino complexes can also be prepared by reactions of equimolar amounts of the bispyrazole and the bisnitrile complexes. The solid‐state structures of the pyrazolylamidino complexes containing the dmpz fragment were determined by X‐ray diffraction methods. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Influence of Na Content on the Chemical Stability of Nanometric Layered NaxRhO2 (0.7 ≤ x ≤ 1.0)
Authors: Varela Aúrea , Parras Marina , González‐Calbet José M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA new NaxRhO2 solid solution composed of nanometric particles of the α‐NaFeO2 structural type has been stabilised in the 0.7 ≤ x ≤ 1 range. Its rhombohedral structure is built from close packed layers of edge‐sharing [RhO6] octahedra separated by intercalant layers consisting of octahedrally coordinated Na. Electron microscopy shows that compositional variations are indeed accommodated by means of stacking faults leading to a local change in the Na oxygen environment. Samples are air‐sensitive, and the aged materials partially decompose, segregating sodium carbonate. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Determination of Labile Iron at Low nmol L−1 Levels in Estuarine and Coastal Waters by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry
Authors: Mikkelsen Øyvind , van den Berg Constant M. G. , Schrøder Knut H. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA new method is presented for the determination of electrochemically labile iron in estuarine and coastal seawater. The method is based on differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) at a rotating silver‐alloy disk electrode. The voltammetric parameters include a plating potential of −1.5 V and an activation potential of −5 V for 10s; the seawater is at the original sample pH. The main finding is the presence of a peak for low nmol L−1 levels of iron at −0.55 V ascribed to elemental iron deposited on the bare silver alloy electrode. The peak increased linearly with the iron concentration between <1 and 14 nmol L−1 using a 900 s plating time. At higher concentrations an additional iron peak appeared at −0.7 V which was also found to increase linearly with the iron concentration but at a higher concentration range from ca. 15 to 90 nmol L−1 using a 300 s plating time. The second peak was ascribed to iron deposited on iron. Additions of chelating agents (EDTA and a siderophore) to seawater caused the iron peak to be masked indicating that this method is suitable for iron speciation as only the electrochemically labile fraction is determined. The detection limit was 0.3 nmol L−1 using a 900 s plating time. The method was used to determine iron in the range of 5 to 50 nmol L−1 in samples from the Mersey estuary near Liverpool and its potential use for in situ monitoring was demonstrated by using it to monitor labile iron (at 2–3 nmol L−1) over a period of 4 days at 1 h intervals in coastal waters in the Trondheim fjord, Norway.
Multidimensional positive definite advection transport algorithm: an overview
Authors: Smolarkiewicz Piotr K. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractMultidimensional positive definite advection transport algorithm (MPDATA) was proposed in the early eighties as a simple positive‐definite advection scheme with small implicit diffusion, for evaluating the advection of water‐substance constituents in atmospheric cloud models. Over the two decades, MPDATA evolved from an advection scheme into a class of generalized transport algorithms that expand beyond advective transport to alternate PDEs and complete fluid models with a wide range of underlying governing equations. Recently, MPDATA has attracted attention in the context of several mutually‐beneficial developments such as (i) quantification of MPDATA implicit turbulence modelling capability in the spirit of monotonically integrated large eddy simulations (MILES), (ii) extensions to flow solvers cast in generalized time‐dependent curvilinear coordinates, and (iii) unstructured‐grid formulations. The aim of this paper is to assist the special issue on MPDATA methods for fluids by providing an up to date comprehensive review of the approach, including the underlying concepts, principles of implementation, and guidance to the accumulated literature. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced anti‐angiogenic effect of a deletion mutant of plasminogen kringle 5 on neovascularization
Authors: Cai Weibin , Ma Jianfang , Li Chaoyang , Yang Zhonghan , Yang Xia , Liu Wei , Liu Zuguo , Li Mintao , Gao Guoquan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractKringle 5 (K5), a proteolytic fragment of plasminogen, has been proved to be an angiogenic inhibitor. Previously, we have evaluated the effect of K5 on the vascular leakage and neovascularization in a rat model of oxygen‐induced retinopathy. In this study, we expressed K5 and a deletion mutant of K5 (K5 mutant) in a prokaryocyte expression system and purified them by affinity chromatography. K5 mutant was generated by deleting 11 amino acids from K5 while retaining the three disulfide bonds. The anti‐angiogenic activity of intact K5 and K5 mutant were compared in endothelial cells and retinal neovascularization rat model. K5 mutant inhibited the proliferation of primary human retinal capillary endothelial cells (HRCEC) in a concentration‐dependent manner, with an apparent EC50of approximate 35 nmol/L, which is twofold more potent than intact K5. In the even higher concentration range, K5 mutant did not inhibit pericytes from the same origin of HRCEC, which suggested an endothelial cell‐specific inhibition. K5 mutant had no effect on normal liver cells and Bel7402 hepatoma cells even at high concentration range either. Intravitreal injection of the K5 and mutant in the oxygen‐induced retinopathy rat model both resulted in significantly fewer neovascular tufts and nonperfusion area than controls with PBS injection, as shown by fluorescein angiography. Furthermore, K5 mutant exhibited more strong inhibition effect on neovascularization than intact K5 by quantification of vascular cells. These results suggest that this K5 deletion mutant is a more potent angiogenic inhibitor than intact K5 and may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of those disorders with neovascularization, such as solid tumor, diabetic retinopathy, age‐related macular degeneration, rheumatoid arthritis, and hyperplasia of prostate. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nuclear matrix support of DNA replication
Authors: Anachkova Boyka , Djeliova V. , Russev G. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn higher eukaryotic cells, DNA is tandemly arranged into 104 replicons that are replicated once per cell cycle during the S phase. To achieve this, DNA is organized into loops attached to the nuclear matrix. Each loop represents one individual replicon with the origin of replication localized within the loop and the ends of the replicon attached to the nuclear matrix at the bases of the loop. During late G1 phase, the replication origins are associated with the nuclear matrix and dissociated after initiation of replication in S phase. Clusters of several replicons are operated together by replication factories, assembled at the nuclear matrix. During replication, DNA of each replicon is spooled through these factories, and after completion of DNA synthesis of any cluster of replicons, the respective replication factories are dismantled and assembled at the next cluster to be replicated. Upon completion of replication of any replicon cluster, the resulting entangled loops of the newly synthesized DNA are resolved by topoisomerases present in the nuclear matrix at the sites of attachment of the loops. Thus, the nuclear matrix plays a dual role in the process of DNA replication: on one hand, it represents structural support for the replication machinery and on the other, provides key protein factors for initiation, elongation, and termination of the replication of eukaryotic DNA. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Systematic formulations for electronegativity and hardness and their atomic scales within density functional softness theory
Authors: Putz Mihai V. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA unified Mulliken valence with Parr ground‐state electronegativity picture is presented. It provides a useful analytical tool on which the absolute hardness as well ionization potential and electron affinity functionals are based. For all these chemical reactivity indices, systematic approximate density functionals are formulated within density functional softness theory and are applied to atomic systems. For the absolute hardness, a special relationship with the new electronegativity ansatz and a particular atomic trend paralleling the absolute electron affinity are established that should complement and augment the earlier finite‐difference energetic approach. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Stochastic models for chemically reacting systems using polynomial stochastic hybrid systems
Authors: Hespanha João Pedro , Singh Abhyudai 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA stochastic model for chemical reactions is presented, which represents the population of various species involved in a chemical reaction as the continuous state of a polynomial stochastic hybrid system (pSHS). pSHSs correspond to stochastic hybrid systems with polynomial continuous vector fields, reset maps, and transition intensities. We show that for pSHSs, the dynamics of the statistical moments of its continuous states, evolves according to infinite‐dimensional linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which can be approximated by finite‐dimensional nonlinear ODEs with arbitrary precision. Based on this result, a procedure to build this types of approximation is provided.This procedure is used to construct approximate stochastic models for a variety of chemical reactions that have appeared in literature. These reactions include a simple bimolecular reaction, for which one can solve the Master equation; a decaying–dimerizing reaction set which exhibits two distinct time scales; a reaction for which the chemical rate equations have a continuum of equilibrium points; and the bistable Schögl reaction. The accuracy of the approximate models is investigated by comparing with Monte Carlo simulations or the solution to the Master equation, when available. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Customizing the swarm storage system using agents
Authors: Hartman John H. , Baker Scott , Murdock Ian 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSwarm is a scalable, modular storage system that uses agents to customize low‐level storage functions to meet the needs of high‐level services. Agents influence low‐level storage functions such as data layout, metadata management, and crash recovery. An agent is a program that is attached to data in the storage system and invoked when events occur during the data's lifetime. For example, before Swarm writes data to disk, agents attached to the data are invoked to determine a layout policy. Agents are typically persistent, remaining attached to the data they manage until the data are deleted; this allows agents to continue to affect how the data are handled long after the application or storage service that created the data has terminated. In this paper, we present Swarm's agent architecture, describe the types of agents that Swarm supports and the infrastructure used to support them, and discuss their performance overhead and security implications. We describe how several storage services and applications use agents, and the benefits they derive from doing so. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast dynamic casting
Authors: Gibbs Michael , Stroustrup Bjarne 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe describe a scheme for implementing dynamic casts suitable for systems where the performance and predictability of performance is essential. A dynamic cast from a base class to a derived class in an object‐oriented language can be performed quickly by having the linker assign an integer type ID to each class. A simple integer arithmetic operation verifies whether the cast is legal at run time. The type ID scheme presented uses the modulo function to check that one class derives from another. A 64‐bit type ID is sufficient to handle class hierarchies of large size at least nine levels of derivation deep. We also discuss the pointer adjustments required for a C++ dynamic_cast. All examples will be drawn from the C++ language. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative demographic analysis of threeNeobuxbaumiaspecies (Cactaceae) with differing degree of rarity
Authors: Esparza‐Olguín Ligia , Valverde Teresa , Mandujano María C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn this study we use a demographic approach to analyse the differing abundance of three congeneric columnar cacti:Neobuxbaumia macrocephala(the rarest),Neobuxbaumia tetetzo(intermediate), andNeobuxbaumia mezcalaensis(the most common). Populations of these species were studied in the Tehuacan Valley (Central Mexico) over a 3‐year period. We employed traditional models and life table response experiments (LTRE) to explore the association between particular demographic traits and the degree of rarity of each species. Most matrices showed population growth rate (λ) values close to unity; the only exception wasN. mezcalaensisin 2001–2002 (λ=1.091±0.088). In the three species the highest elasticity values corresponded to entries referring to the stasis of pre‐reproductive plant and small adults. However, the LTRE indicated that most important differences in the λ values between years and species were associated with variation in fruit production and seedling recruitment.N. mezcalaensisyielded the highest mean λ due to its high fecundity in 2001–2002. This result suggests that the variation in demographic behaviour observed between species is sufficient to explain the higher abundance ofN. mezcalaensiscompared to the rareN. macrocephala. The high fecundity values and recruitment success observed in the former, even if they occur only seldom, may result in higher average λ values accounting for its high population densities.
Self‐image and parental attachment among late adolescents in Belize
Authors: Kenny Maureen E. , Griffiths Joann , Grossman Jennifer 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the relationship of ethnicity, parental education, gender, and parental attachment to multiple dimensions of self‐image among 285 (161 female and 124 male) late adolescent Belizean students. Student ratings of self‐image were unrelated to paternal education and student ethnicity. For maternal education, ethnic identity was higher for students whose mothers were high school graduates than for those whose mothers had completed college or a graduate degree. Female students reported more positive self‐images than males in vocational attitudes. Favourable self‐images were associated with secure ratings of parental attachment.
Applying operations management logic and tools to save lives: A case study of the World Health Organization's Global Drug Facility
Authors: de Treville Suzanne , Smith Ian , Rölli Adrian , Arnold Virginia 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn the field of operations management, theory concerning lead‐time reduction is well developed. The application of lead‐time reduction theory to the not‐for‐profit operations context, however, has been limited. We present an illustrative case study of a not‐for‐profit operation in which long lead times cause a substantial increase in unnecessary deaths from tuberculosis and hinder the efforts of the World Health Organization to eradicate tuberculosis globally. The case study suggests that lead‐time reduction theory may be as effective in not‐for‐profit (service) operations as it has been in manufacturing operations. Our results also illustrate how use of sophisticated but “user‐friendly” queuing theory‐based modeling tools can facilitate the acceptance and transfer of operations logic to a not‐for‐profit intergovernmental organization setting.
UNIVERSAL LAURENT SERIES
Authors: Costakis G. , Nestoridis V. , Papadoperakis I. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractUniversal Taylor series are defined on simply connected domains, but they do not exist on an annulus. Instead we introduce universal Laurent or Laurent–Faber series on finitely connected domains in $\mathbb{C}$. These are generic universalities. Furthermore, we study some properties of universal Laurent series on an annulus.
Measurement of dietary nutrient intake in free-ranging mammalian herbivores
Authors: Mayes Robert W. , Dove Hugh 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe nutrient intakes of mammalian herbivores depend on the amount and the nutrient content of the plant species and plant parts which they eat. We review the merits of oesophageal-fistulated (OF) animals, microhistological procedures, stable C-isotope discrimination and plant cuticular-wax markers as methods for estimating diet composition and intake in both ruminant and non-ruminant herbivores. We also briefly discuss methods based on grazing behaviour measurements or on H2O or Na turnover, and methods for estimating supplement or soil intake. Estimates of intake in ruminants are often based on separate measurements of faecal output and herbage digestibility. We review this approach and emphasize that, under some circumstances, the applicability ofin vitrodigestibility estimates based on OF extrusa is questionable. We discuss how plant-wax marker patterns can be used to check whether OF and test animals are consuming similar diets, but also emphasize that a major advantage of the use of plant-wax markers is that this approach may obviate altogether the need for OF animals. Estimates of total herbage intake can be partitioned into the intakes coming from different plant species and/or parts, provided diet composition can be measured. Diet composition estimates based on C-isotope discrimination have the major disadvantage that they cannot be taken to species level. By contrast, microhistological methods can identify many plant species in extrusa, digesta or faeces, but often a large proportion of plant fragments remains unidentifiable. Plant-wax hydrocarbons show great promise as markers for estimating diet composition and intake. However, we suggest that to be applicable in complex plant communities there is a need with this method either to recruit a wider range of wax markers (e.g. alcohols, sterols, fatty acids) or to use it in combination with other methods. We suggest that, in turn, this generates an urgent need for research on statistical aspects of the combined use of markers or methods, in relation to the error structures of the data or methods being combined and the standard errors of the resultant estimates of diet composition and intake. We conclude by discussing the extension of intake and/or diet composition measurements to the measurement of nutrient transactions within the gut, particularly in relation to the supply of absorbable nutrients.
Antibiotic use in animal feed and its impact on human healt
Authors: Barton Mary D. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAntibiotic resistance in bacteria that cause disease in man is an issue of major concern. Although misuse of antibiotics in human medicine is the principal cause of the problem, antibiotic-resistant bacteria originating in animals are contributory factors, with some types of resistance in some species of bacteria. Antibiotics are added to animal feeds to treat and prevent infections and to improve growth and production. Until recently, the major concerns about incorporation of antibiotics in animal feeds related to antibiotic residues in products from treated animals. Although, in 1969, the Swann (1969) report drew attention to the potential for antibiotic-resistant bacteria to spread from treated animals via the food chain, there was little response until the detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in animals fed a related glycopeptide, avoparcin. Subsequently, attention started to focus on the issue and other examples of transfer of resistant bacteria through the food chain, such as enterococci resistant to quinupristin–dalfopristin or to everninomicin, fluoroquinolone-resistant campylobacters and multiresistantEscherichia coli, and salmonella such asSalmonella typhimuriumDT104. Reviews and committees in many countries have highlighted the need for better control of licensing of antibiotics, and codes for prudent use of antibiotics by veterinary practitioners and farmers. The continued use of antibiotic growth promoters has been questioned and there is a need to ensure that antibiotics important in human medicine are not used therapeutically or prophylactically in animals.
Cryopreservation of poultry semen: a review
Authors: Bellagamba F. , Cerolini S. , Cavalchini L.G. 
Published: September 2005

Although still in the experimental phase, the technique of freezing domestic fowl semen may prove of interest and value to the industry. Various stages of the application of this method of preservation still need to be improved. One of the most critical aspects is the choice of cryoprotectant and its use during the process of freezing and thawing. While glycerol has a better cryopreservative action than other cryoprotectants in domestic fowl semen, it exerts a widely demonstrated contraceptive action, the mechanism of which has not yet been clarified. Thus the use of glycerol as a cryoprotectant must be accompanied by its complete removal before insemination.The fertilizing capacity of semen preserved by freezing is notably less than that of fresh (non-preserved) material and has been evaluated as 1.6% and 19.7%. Genetic influences appear to affect spermatozoan response and tolerance to thermal treatments resulting in differences in subsequent fertility. Most studies using fowl semen report final freezing temperatures between –79°C and –196°C, a cooling rate of 1–10°C/minute and a thawing rate of 50–70°C/minute.Straws have been found to be more satisfactory containers than glass vials or ampoules for preserving semen from domestic fowl.