bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporalidade e beleza: exaiphnês no Banquete de Platão
Authors: Tordesillas Alonso , P. de Resende Edson 
Published: January 2024

O advérbio exaiphnês significa “subitamente”, “de repente”, “de improviso” e “instantaneamente”. Embora só apareça no corpus platônico em um pequeno número de ocorrências, muitas vezes, surge em contextos que envolvem, mais ou menos, explicitamente, uma reflexão sobre o conhecimento. Isolado de seu contexto dialógico, esse momento de tempo que parece/é fora do tempo, pois foi frequentemente reproduzido pelos comentadores como proveniente de uma intuição subtraída de qualquer temporalidade, significando, assim, uma quase revelação, e, por isso, o indicador da extratemporalidade das Ideias. Reavaliando essa interpretação, o artigo propõe analisar as ocorrências dessa noção no Banquete, examinando o contexto do diálogo e também do que é conhecido sobre este conceito nos outros diálogos platônicos, o momento aparentemente descrito no Banquete como suprarracional ocorre em um elo de um processo racional, e que, consequentemente, um conhecimento extático se articula com sua determinação temporal. Apenas um método que prossiga em ordem e corretamente permitirá aproveitar o inesperadamente, o de repente, “uma beleza de tal natureza maravilhosa”. O momento que determina a mudança é um evento pontual, mas está ligado a uma longa e progressiva preparação, portanto, nós não podemos chegar a um conhecimento eidético imediatamente. Mesmo se Platão parece considerar a possibilidade de tal conhecimento extra temporal, o que o Banquete mostra, é a impossibilidade de alcançá-lo diretamente através de uma intuição noética pura, pois ele requer um processo pontuado por uma série de etapas específicas que não são separáveis do final do processo, de modo que, longe da intuição imediata, o conhecimento que estamos discutindo neste diálogo, como na República, no Crátilo, no Parmênides ou na Carta VII é, pelo contrário, dianoético e racional. Se a intuição noética existe, ela não tem uma conotação extática e suprarracional, mas é precedida pela pesquisa metódica e rigorosa, que é a base de toda pesquisa filosófica e que caracteriza o modo de proceder que Platão denomina de dialética.
Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar PAI Melalui Pembelajaran Mastery Learning Dengan Metode Drill
Authors: Nafsiah Nafsiah 
Published: January 2024

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini berfokus pada peningkatan prestasi belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah penerapan model pembelajaran Mastery Learning dengan metode Drill (Latihan) dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa untuk mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di kelas II SD. Untuk menjawab persoalan tersebut, maka diadakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan metode analisis datanya adalah deskriptif kualitatif.
Hasil dari analisis data menunjukkan bahwa siswa mengalami peningkatan prestasi belajarnya setelah diterapkan pembelajaran Mastery Learning dengan metode Drill. Hal ini terjadi karena selama proses pembelajara siswa menjadi lebih aktif, antusias dan dapat memahami materi yang diajarkan secara keseluruhan sehingga prestasi belajar siswa menjadi meningkat. Penelitian ini sudah dapat membuktikan efek utama dari model pembelajaran Mastery Learning dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajar, sudah pasti dalam penelitian ini masih ada hal-hal yang belum sempurna dilakukan, oleh karenanya menjadi saran bagi peneliti lain yang berminat meneliti topik yang sama untuk penelitian di masa yang akan datang.
Hospital Waste Management and Disposal Methods: A Case Study of Federal Medical Center (FMC), Owo, Nigeria
Authors: Adekemi Olusa , Michael Oladele 
Published: January 2024

Waste has been defined as any product or material that is not useful to the owner. Hospital waste has been categorized by (WHO) as infectious and non-infectious. Improper waste management can deface the physical environment also another prominent issues that cannot be overlooked is the exposure of cleaners, health workers and patients to health risk such as hospital acquired infection, transfusion transmitted diseases, rising incidences of hepatitis B, and HIV, respiratory tract infection among others. Inadequate funding has led to shortage of facilities and human resources, poor land use planning and developmental control. This paper therefore assesses the hospital waste management and the disposal methods in the Federal Medical Centre, Owo with a view to suggesting measures to improve effective waste management that will promote safety and conducive physical environment. This study adopted survey research design, primary and secondary data were sourced, a total of 269 sets of questionnaires was distributed, while 260 were retrieved. The study revealed that the waste management practices in the study area were not satisfactory, as indiscriminate dumping of infectious wastes and poor handling were found in the study area Also findings reveals that average hospital waste generated for FMC Owo was 1.4-1.8kg waste per bed/day. Hazardous waste accounted for 21.7% waste generated in the study area. Most of the wastes generated in the study area are not properly segregated. This study recommends urgent need for raising awareness and education on hospital waste issues. Also, environmental health department are advised to make plans and introduce necessary policies for the proper collection and safe disposal of hospital waste.
Oral Hygiene Index in Children with Stainless Steel Crowns in the Permanent Molars
Authors: Karthik V. , Subramanian E. M. G 
Published: January 2024

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the oral hygiene index in children with stainless steel crowns in the permanent molars.
Introduction: Dental caries is a common disease, especially in children. Stainless steel crowns are used for the rehabilitation of carious molars to restore form and function either after root canal treatment or when caries is multi surface. Plaque and debris accumulates around these crowns if children fail to maintain it properly. Oral Hygiene Index shows patient’s oral hygiene and the presence of plaque on the surface of the teeth.
Materials and Method: This was a retrospective study conducted in a private dental institution in Chennai. The data was collected from the digital archives information system. 100 patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. The data analysis was performed using SPSS software .The chi square test and pearson correlation was done. p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Result: 24 patients had the OHIS score of 1.5, 18 patients had the OHIS score of 2, 24 patients had the OHIS score of 2.5,18 patients had the OHIS score of 3, 16 patients had the OHIS score of 1. Boys had higher OHI scores compared to girls.
Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that 40% children had good oral hygiene scores. Girls had better oral hygiene scores compared to boys. Oral hygiene instructions should be given to children with stainless steel crowns to prevent the spread of caries and gingival diseases to adjacent teeth.
Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in Assessing Land Use Land Cover Changes in Morshi Taluk, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Sunil B. H.  , Dash Benukantha , Haokip Immanuel C. , Tiwari Gopal , Sudhakara N. R.  
Published: January 2024

The rapid growth of the population and human activities on Earth is significantly altering the natural environment. Consequently, this paper endeavours to assess and delineate changes in Land Use/Land Cover in Morshi Taluk, Amravati District. The research was focused on application of remote sensing and GIS in assessing LULC changes in Morshi Taluk from the years 2014 to 2022. The LULC maps for these years were generated through supervised classification, employing both the maximum likelihood algorithm and a multi-sectoral supervised classification algorithm tailored to Landsat sensor data. The Extract by Mask tool was employed to isolate the desired location, followed by the application of image classification tools using various band combinations, such as false-colour composite (5,4,3). The classification scheme for LULC was executed based on Landsat 8 TM satellite images. Research found that major changes happened in urban area, water body, agriculture area and waste land. Here, in 2014, the built-up area constituted 1.67% of the total land, experiencing an increase of approximately 0.7% by 2022. Over the decade, the agricultural (crop land) area decreased by 2.98%, while waste land, representing 4.96% of the total area in 2014, increased by nearly 0.34% by 2022. The water body, constituting 3.94% of the total area, increased by almost 1.94% over the same period. Analysis of LULC trend of Morshi will help to understand and take necessary action to the line department to reduce the impacts of LULC changes as well as provide change scenario and which will be help to appropriate land use planning and management of Morshi Taluk.
Theoretical and Practical Approaches to Evaluate Suitable Primer Sets for the Analysis of Soil Fungal Communities
Authors: Hagn A. , Pritsch K. , Ludwig W. , Schloter M. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractSix published fungal specific primer sets (NS1/NS2, SSU‐0817/SSU11‐96, SSU‐0817/SSU‐1536, EF4/EF3, EF4/fung5 and FR1/FF390) were examined for their applicability to the analysis of soil fungal communities using bioinformatic tools as well as real PCR systems. Virtual primer matching for EF4/EF3 and EF4/fung5 revealed good matching with zygomycetous, ascomycetous and basidiomycetous 18S rDNA database entries. Whereas primer EF4/EF3 had no cross matches in the rDNA databases for plant and invertebrate, primer EF4/fung5 gave one signal with the corresponding database. Similar results were obtained for the primer set SSU‐0817/SSU‐1536. Two matches with plant rDNAs and 22 or 12 matches with the invertebrate database could be identified for the primer sets SSU‐0817/SSU‐1196 and FR1/FF390, respectively. Primer pair NS1/NS2 showed only a 70% match with fungal 18S rDNA sequences, but a 75% to 90% match with non‐fungal sequences. Alignments of 2000 eukaryotic sequences using “ARB” confirmed that PCR fragments obtained by the primer sets EF4/EF3, EF4/fung5, SSU‐0817/SSU‐1536 and FR1/FF390 were supposed to include hypervariable regions (V4, V7, V9), whereas the others included regions which were more phylogenetically conserved. Practical PCR approaches affirmed fungal specificity as predicted by virtual primer matching for EF4/EF3, EF4/fung5 and FR1/FF390. However FR1/FF390 amplified only 60% of the fungal samples under investigation. All other primer sets amplified fungal as well as non‐fungal samples.
Optimal filtering, fault detection and isolation for linear discrete‐time systems in a noisy environment
Authors: Parlangeli Gianfranco , Elena Valcher Maria 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn this paper the state observer design and the fault detection and isolation problems are investigated in the context of linear discrete‐time state‐space models whose state equations are affected by (actuator) faults and disturbances. Model as well as measurement errors, described as zero‐mean white Gaussian noise, are also assumed to act additively on the state and on the output equations, respectively. Upon introducing several deterministic and stochastic goals, that constitute the mathematical formalization of very natural and practical requirements, necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of an asymptotic state observer and an observer‐based fault detector and isolator, that achieve the above goals, are finally derived and a constructive procedure is described. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exponential convergence of the Kalman filter based parameter estimation algorithm
Authors: Cao Liyu , M. Schwartz Howard 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn this paper we shall present a new method to analyse the convergence property of the Kalman filter based parameter estimation algorithms. This method for convergence analysis is mainly based on some matrix inequalities and is more simple than some of the existing approaches in the literature. This method can simultaneously provide both lower and upper bounds on the exponential convergence rate as the functions of bounds of the related matrices, such as the covariance matrices. A simulation example is provided to illustrate the convergence property of the Kalman filter based algorithms. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Convergence and synthesis issues in extremum seeking control
Authors: Banavar R. N. , Chichka D. F. , Speyer J. L. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractConvergence and synthesis issues in an extremum seeking control scheme are addressed. The goal of an extremum seeking controller is to operate at a setpoint that represents the optimal value of a function being optimized in the feedback loop. The results presented here are basedsolelyon assumptions on the curvature of the function being optimized in the loop. We present a class ofgeneralizedPI compensators and a set of strictly proper and stable compensators. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organotin(IV) complexes with various donor ligands and their cytotoxicity against tumour cell lines. Part(I): R2SnCl2 with Schiff bases; unusual CN bond cleavage of the bases and X‐ray structures of the ionic products formed
Authors: Al‐Allaf Talal A. K. , Rashan Luay J. , Stelzner Axel , Powell Douglas R. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractSeveral Schiff bases derived from salicylaldehyde and aminopyridines were found to coordinate with Me2SnCl2 in 1:1 or 1:2 (tin:base) molar ratio in diethylether, depending on the nature of the Schiff base used, to form complexes of the general formula Me2SnCl2·L or Me2SnCl2·2L respectively. These Schiff bases coordinate with Ph2SnCl2 in a similar manner, but if the reaction is carried out in chloroform or if the product formed in ether is dissolved in chloroform then colourless to pale yellow crystals precipitated. The latter were analysed and found to be due to the ionic compounds [H2NpyN–H+]2 [Ph2SnCl4]2− which were formed as a result of an unusual cleavage of the CN bond of the Schiff bases. The Schiff bases, their Me2SnCl2 complexes and the ionic compounds were analyzed physicochemically and spectroscopically. The crystal structures of two of the ionic compounds showed that the cation [H2NpyN–H+] binds with the anion [Ph2SnCl4]2− via hydrogen bonds. The Schiff bases, their Me2SnCl2 complexes and the ionic compounds were screened against the three tumour cell lines, L929, K562 and HeLa, and the results were compared with those of the anticancer drugs, cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic and regioselective synthesis of gem‐ or trans‐α,β‐unsaturated amides by carbonylation of alkyl alkynes with aniline derivatives by palladium(II) and phosphine
Authors: El Ali Bassam , Tijani Jimoh 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe reaction of carbonylative addition of alkyl alkynes to aniline derivatives has been successfully achieved by a catalytic system formed of Pd(OAc)2 and a suitable bidentate phosphine ligand. The reaction led mainly to gem‐α,β‐unsaturated amides (3) with Pd(OAc)2/1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphino)propane/p‐toluenesulfonic acid/CO as the catalytic system. However, the reaction catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2/1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphino)butane/H2/CO in CH2Cl2 as a solvent affords trans‐α,β‐unsaturated amides (4) as the major product. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, crystal structures and spectroscopic properties of dichloroethylphenyltin(IV) and its phenanthroline adduct
Authors: Casas José S. , Castellano Eduardo E. , Ellena Javier , García‐Tasende María S. , Sánchez Agustín , Sordo José , Taboada Carmen , Vidarte María J. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe reaction of dichloroethylphenyltin(IV), Ph(Et)SnCl2, with phenanthroline monohydrate (phen·H2O) in chloroform, in 1:1 mole ratio, afforded [Ph(Et)SnCl2(phen)]. The crystal structures of dichloroethylphenyltin(IV) and its phenanthroline adduct were studied by X‐ray diffraction. In Ph(Et)SnCl2 the tin atom is in a distorted tetrahedral environment, the distortion probably being imposed by weak intermolecular Sn· · ·Cl interactions. In [Ph(Et)SnCl2(phen)] the tin atom is in an octahedral trans‐C2, cis‐Cl2, N2 environment and weak intermolecular C–H· · ·Cl interactions connect the molecules throughout the lattice. Spectroscopic studies in solution (1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR) were also carried out; the 1H and 13C NMR data in dimethylsulfoxide suggest that [Ph(Et)SnCl2(phen)] remains at least partially undissociated in this solvent. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystallographic report: Dicyclopentyltin(IV) bis(2‐quinaldinate) methanol solvate
Authors: Dakternieks Dainis , Duthie Andrew , Smyth Douglas R. , Stapleton Clynton P. D. , Tiekink Edward R. T. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe tin atom in the title compound is in a skew‐trapezoidal bipyramidal geometry defined by two sets of nitrogen and oxygen donors derived from the carboxylate ligands and two carbon atoms from the tin‐bound cyclopentyl substituents; CSnC 153.38(16)°. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystallographic report: a double chain coordination polymer: {[Zn(H2O)6][Zn(3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenonetetracarboxylate)H2O]·4H2O}n
Authors: Yang Yang‐Yi , Szeto Lap , Wong Wing‐Tak 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe double‐chain coordination polymer, {[Zn(H2O)6][Zn(bbtc)H2O]·4H2O}n (bbtc = 3,3′, 4,4′‐benzophenonetetracarboxylate), features two kinds of zinc center. One is octahedrally coordinated by six aqua ligands and the other is coordinated by four carboxylate oxygen atoms, derived from three bbtc ligands, and a water molecule, forming a geometry intermediate between square‐pyramidal and trigonal bipyramidal. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, psychotropic and anticancer activity of 2,2‐dimethyl‐5‐[5′‐trialkylgermyl(silyl)‐2′‐hetarylidene]‐1,3‐dioxane‐4,6‐diones and their analogues
Authors: Lukevics Edmunds , Ignatovich Luba , Shestakova Irina 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA series of 2,2‐dimethyl‐5‐(5′‐R‐hetarylidene)‐1,3‐dioxane‐4,6‐diones has been synthesized for examing a structure–activity relationship. Furyl and thienyl derivatives of Meldrum's acid possess neurotropic activity comprising both depriming and activating components. Comparison of acute toxicity of carbon, silicon and germanium analogues in the furan series of the compounds has demonstrated that the germanium derivative is 11.5 times less toxic than the carbon analogue and four times less toxic than the silicon derivative. 2,2‐Dimethyl‐5‐(5′‐triethylsilyl‐2′‐thenylidene)‐1,3‐dioxane‐4,6‐dione has moderate toxicity with the highest neurotropic and cytotoxic activity Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regional Bell Operating Company entry into long‐distance and non‐price discrimination against rival interexchange carriers: empirical evidence from panel data
Authors: Zimmerman Paul R. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe incentive of the Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs) to degrade the quality of interstate access services, an essential input provided to rival long‐distance carriers, once they begin offering long‐distance services has been a controversial issue in the academic literature. Using a panel of state‐level data over the years 1996–2001, this paper investigates whether the RBOCs engage in such ‘non‐price discrimination’ upon entering the long‐distance market. The results suggest the RBOCs improve the quality of some of their interstate access service offerings before entering the interexchange market, but begin degrading the quality of these services immediately afterward. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficiency measure, modelling and estimation in combined array designs
Authors: Mak Tak , Nebebe Fassil 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn off‐line quality control, the settings that minimize the variance of a quality characteristic are unknown and must be determined based on an estimated dual response model of mean and variance. The present paper proposes a direct measure of the efficiency of any given design‐estimation procedure for variance minimization. This not only facilitates the comparison of different design‐estimation procedures, but may also provide a guideline for choosing a better solution when the estimated dual response model suggests multiple solutions. Motivated by the analysis of an industrial experiment on spray painting, the present paper also applies a class of link functions to model process variances in off‐line quality control. For model fitting, a parametric distribution is employed in updating the variance estimates used in an iteratively weighted least squares procedure for mean estimation. In analysing combined array experiments, Engel and Huele (Technometrics, 1996; 39:365) used log‐link to model process variances and considered an iteratively weighted least squares leading to the pseudo‐likelihood estimates of variances as discussed in Carroll and Ruppert (Transformation and Weighting in Regression, Chapman & Hall: New York). Their method is a special case of the approach considered in this paper. It is seen for the spray paint data that the log‐link may not be satisfactory and the class of link functions considered here improves substantially the fit to process variances. This conclusion is reached with a suggested method of comparing ‘empirical variances’ with the ‘theoretical variances’ based on the assumed model. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Focusing failures in competitive environments: explaining decision errors in the Monty Hall game, the Acquiring a Company problem, and multiparty ultimatums
Authors: Tor Avishalom , Bazerman Max H. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis paper offers a unifying conceptual explanation for failures in competitive decision making across three seemingly unrelated tasks: the Monty Hall game (Nalebuff, 1987), the Acquiring a Company problem (Samuelson & Bazerman, 1985), and multiparty ultimatums (Messick, Moore, & Bazerman, 1997). We argue that the failures observed in these three tasks have a common root. Specifically, due to a limited focus of attention, competitive decision makers fail properly to consider all of the information needed to solve the problem correctly. Using protocol analyses, we show that competitive decision makers tend to focus on their own goals, often to the exclusion of the decisions of the other parties, the rules of the game, and the interaction among the parties in light of these rules. In addition, we show that the failure to consider these effects explains common decision failures across all three games. Finally, we suggest that this systematic focusing error in competitive contexts can serve to explain and improve our understanding of many additional, seemingly disparate, competitive decision‐making failures. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.