bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substantial Burden of Nonmedically Attended RSV Infection in Healthy-Term Infants: An International Prospective Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Hak Sarah F , Venekamp Roderick P , Billard Marie-Noëlle , van Houten Marlies A , Pollard Andrew J , Heikkinen Terho , Cunningham Steve , Millar Margaret , Martinón-Torres Federico , Dacosta-Urbieta Ana , Bont Louis J , Wildenbeest Joanne G ,   PROMISE Investigators, Hak Sarah , Venekamp Roderick , Wildenbeest Joanne , Billard Marie-Noëlle , van Houten Marlies , Bont Louis , Pollard Andrew , Dacosta-Urbieta Ana , Martinón-Torres Federico , Heikkinen Terho , Cunningham Steve , Nair Harish , Miller Margaret , Openshaw Peter , Beutels Philippe , Nohynek Hannah , Teirlinck Anne , Paget John , Kragten Leyla , Giaquinto Carlo , Diez-Domingo Javier , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Dos Santos Gael , Htar Tin Tin , Aerssens Jeroen , Vernhes Charlotte , Kramer Rolf , Kumar Veena , Ahani Bahar , Molero Eva 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
During the first year of life, 1 in 4 infants develops a symptomatic respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, yet only half seek medical attention. The current focus on medically attended RSV therefore underrepresents the true societal burden of RSV. We assessed the burden of nonmedically attended RSV infections and compared with medically attended RSV.

Methods
We performed active RSV surveillance until the age of 1 year in a cohort (n = 993) nested within the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Consortium in EUrope (RESCEU) prospective birth cohort study enrolling healthy term-born infants in 5 European countries. Symptoms, medication use, wheezing, and impact on family life were analyzed.

Results
For 97 of 120 (80.1%) nonmedically attended RSV episodes, sufficient data were available for analysis. In 50.5% (49/97), symptoms lasted ≥15 days. Parents reported impairment in usual daily activities in 59.8% (58/97) of episodes; worries, 75.3% (73/97); anxiety, 34.0% (33/97); and work absenteeism, 10.8% (10/93). Compared with medically attended RSV (n = 102, 9 hospital admissions), Respiratory Syncytial Virus NETwork (ReSViNET) severity scores were lower (3.5 vs 4.6, P &lt; .001), whereas duration of respiratory symptoms and was comparable.

Conclusions
Even when medical attendance is not required, RSV infection poses a substantial burden to infants, families, and society. These findings are important for policy makers when considering the implementation of RSV immunization.
Clinical Trials Registration. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03627572).
Composition, functional, and niche differentiation of fungal communities in the rhizosphere and root endosphere of Cinnamomum migao in southwestern China
Authors: Zhang Lan , Huang Xiaolong , Tong Bingli , Chen Meng , Huang Luting , Liu Jiming 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
Roots are key parts of plant material circulation and energy flow, creating two distinct niches for the plant microbiome, such as the rhizosphere and root endosphere, which interact to maintain plant growth and health. In this study, two niches of plant rhizosphere and root endosphere were selected to study the composition and differences of fungi communities in order to better understand how differences in the structure and function of plant fungi communities affect plant health.

Methods and results
The community structure, diversity, and ecological function of fungi in the rhizosphere and root endosphere of Cinnamomum migao were studied using high-throughput sequencing techniques, traditional culture methods, and the FUNGuild database. The results of the analysis of alpha diversity showed that the diversity of rhizosphere fungal communities in C. migao was much higher than that of root endosphere communities. Some similarities and differences were noted between the two niche fungal communities, and some fungi had niche preferences. Functional prediction results demonstrated that fungi in the rhizosphere and root endosphere adopt multiple trophic modes, mostly saprophytic fungi.

Conclusions
This study provided a basis for an in-depth understanding of the structural variation, niche differentiation, and function of plant root-related fungal microbiota. We believe that it could provide guidance on the subsequent development of beneficial fungi.
Recent progress in unraveling the biosynthesis of natural sunscreens mycosporine-like amino acids
Authors: Chen Manyun , Jiang Yujia , Ding Yousong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays is a known risk factor for skin cancer, which can be notably mitigated through the application of sun care products. However, escalating concerns regarding the adverse health and environmental impacts of synthetic anti-UV chemicals underscore a pressing need for the development of biodegradable and eco-friendly sunscreen ingredients. Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) represent a family of water-soluble anti-UV natural products synthesized by various organisms. These compounds can provide a two-pronged strategy for sun protection as they not only exhibit a superior UV absorption profile but also possess the potential to alleviate UV-induced oxidative stresses. Nevertheless, the widespread incorporation of MAAs in sun protection products is hindered by supply constraints. Delving into the biosynthetic pathways of MAAs can offer innovative strategies to overcome this limitation. Here, we review recent progress in MAA biosynthesis, with an emphasis on key biosynthetic enzymes, including the dehydroquinate synthase homolog MysA, the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-grasp ligases MysC and MysD, and the nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)-like enzyme MysE. Additionally, we discuss recently discovered MAA tailoring enzymes. The enhanced understanding of the MAA biosynthesis paves the way for not only facilitating the supply of MAA analogs but also for exploring the evolution of this unique family of natural sunscreens.

One-Sentence Summary
This review discusses the role of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) as potent natural sunscreens and delves into recent progress in their biosynthesis.
Chemodynamical models of our Galaxy
Authors: Binney James , Vasiliev Eugene 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
A chemodynamical model of our Galaxy is fitted to data from DR17 of the APOGEE survey supplemented with data from the StarHorse catalogue and Gaia DR3. Dynamically, the model is defined by action-based distribution functions for dark matter and six stellar components plus a gas disc. The gravitational potential jointly generated by the model’s components is used to examine the Galaxy’s chemical composition within action space. The observational data probably cover all parts of action space that are populated by stars. The overwhelming majority of stars have angular momentum Jϕ &gt; 0 implying that they were born in the Galactic disc. High-α stars dominate in a region that is sharply bounded by $J_\phi \lesssim J_\phi (\hbox{solar})$. Chemically the model is defined by giving each stellar component a Gaussian distribution in ([Fe/H],[Mg/Fe]) space about a mean that is a linear function of the actions. The model’s 47 dynamical parameters are chosen to maximize the likelihood of the data given the model in 72 three-dimensional velocity spaces while its 70 chemical parameters are similarly chosen in five-dimensional chemodynamical space. The circular speed falls steadily from $237\, \mathrm{km\, s}^{-1}$ at $R=4\, \mathrm{kpc}$ to $218\, \mathrm{km\, s}^{-1}$ at $R=20\, \mathrm{kpc}$. Dark matter contributes half the radial force on the Sun and has local density $0.011\, {\rm M}_\odot \, \mathrm{pc}^{-3}$, there being $24.5\, {\rm M}_\odot \, \mathrm{pc}^{-2}$ in dark matter and $26.5\, {\rm M}_\odot \, \mathrm{pc}^{-2}$ in stars within $1.1\, \mathrm{kpc}$ of the plane.
Modelling a hot horizon in global 21-cm experimental foregrounds
Authors: Pattison Joe H N , Anstey Dominic J , de Lera Acedo Eloy 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The 21-cm signal from cosmic hydrogen is one of the most propitious probes of the early Universe. The detection of this signal would reveal key information about the first stars, dark matter, and early structure formation. We explore the impact of an emissive and reflective, or ‘hot’, horizon on the recovery of this signal for global 21-cm experiments. It is demonstrated that when using physically motivated foreground models to recover the sky-averaged 21-cm signal one must accurately describe the horizon around the radiometer. Not accounting for the horizon will lead to a signal recovery with residuals an order of magnitude larger than the injected signal, with a log Bayesian evidence of 1600 lower than when one does account for it. Signal recovery is sensitive to incorrect values of soil temperature and reflection coefficient in describing the horizon, with a 10 per cent error in reflectance causing twofold increases in the root mean square error (RMSE) of a given fit. These parameters may be fitted using Bayesian inference to mitigate these issues without overfitting and mischaracterizing a non-detection. Signal recovery is sensitive to errors in measurements of the horizon projection onto the sky, but fitting for soil temperature and reflection coefficients with priors that extend beyond physical expectation can resolve these problems. We show that using an expanded prior range can reliably recover the signal even when the height of the horizon is mismeasured by up to 20 per cent, decreasing the RMSE from the model that does not perform this fitting by a factor of 9.
A general Bayesian framework to account for foreground map errors in global 21-cm experiments
Authors: Pagano Michael , Sims Peter , Liu Adrian , Anstey Dominic , Handley Will , de Lera Acedo Eloy 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Measurement of the global 21-cm signal during Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization is made difficult by bright foreground emission which is 2–5 orders of magnitude larger than the expected signal. Fitting for a physics-motivated parametric forward model of the data within a Bayesian framework provides a robust means to separate the signal from the foregrounds, given sufficient information about the instrument and sky. It has previously been demonstrated that, within such a modelling framework, a foreground model of sufficient fidelity can be generated by dividing the sky into N regions and scaling a base map assuming a distinct uniform spectral index in each region. Using the Radio Experiment for the Analysis of Cosmic Hydrogen as our fiducial instrument, we show that, if unaccounted-for, amplitude errors in low-frequency radio maps used for our base map model will prevent recovery of the 21-cm signal within this framework, and that the level of bias in the recovered 21-cm signal is proportional to the amplitude and the correlation length of the base-map errors in the region. We introduce an updated foreground model that is capable of accounting for these measurement errors by fitting for a monopole offset and a set of spatially dependent scale factors describing the ratio of the true and model sky temperatures, with the size of the set determined by Bayesian evidence-based model comparison. We show that our model is flexible enough to account for multiple foreground error scenarios allowing the 21-cm sky-averaged signal to be detected without bias from simulated observations with a smooth conical log spiral antenna.
Strong constraints on the gravitational law from Gaia DR3 wide binaries
Authors: Banik Indranil , Pittordis Charalambos , Sutherland Will , Famaey Benoit , Ibata Rodrigo , Mieske Steffen , Zhao Hongsheng 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We test Milgromian dynamics (MOND) using wide binary stars (WBs) with separations of 2–30 kAU. Locally, the WB orbital velocity in MOND should exceed the Newtonian prediction by $\approx 20~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at asymptotically large separations given the Galactic external field effect (EFE). We investigate this with a detailed statistical analysis of Gaia DR3 data on 8611 WBs within 250 pc of the Sun. Orbits are integrated in a rigorously calculated gravitational field that directly includes the EFE. We also allow line-of-sight contamination and undetected close binary companions to the stars in each WB. We interpolate between the Newtonian and Milgromian predictions using the parameter αgrav, with 0 indicating Newtonian gravity and 1 indicating MOND. Directly comparing the best Newtonian and Milgromian models reveals that Newtonian dynamics is preferred at 19σ confidence. Using a complementary Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis, we find that $\alpha _{\rm {grav}} = -0.021^{+0.065}_{-0.045}$, which is fully consistent with Newtonian gravity but excludes MOND at 16σ confidence. This is in line with the similar result of Pittordis and Sutherland using a somewhat different sample selection and less thoroughly explored population model. We show that although our best-fitting model does not fully reproduce the observations, an overwhelmingly strong preference for Newtonian gravity remains in a considerable range of variations to our analysis. Adapting the MOND interpolating function to explain this result would cause tension with rotation curve constraints. We discuss the broader implications of our results in light of other works, concluding that MOND must be substantially modified on small scales to account for local WBs.
Cross-correlation of cosmic voids with thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich data
Authors: Li Gang , Ma Yin-Zhe , Tramonte Denis , Li Guo-Liang 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We provide a measurement of the deficit in the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Compton-y signal towards cosmic voids, by stacking a catalogue of 97 090 voids constructed with BOSS-DR12 data, on the y-maps built on data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) DR4 and the Planck satellite. We detect the void signal with a significance of $7.3 \sigma$ with ACT and $9.7\sigma$ with Planck, obtaining agreements in the associated void radial y-profiles extracted from both maps. The inner-void profile (for angular separations within the void angular radius) is reconstructed with significances of 4.7σ and 6.1σ with ACT and Planck, respectively; we model such profile using a simple model that assumes uniform gas (under)density and temperature, which enables us to place constraints on the product (−δvTe) of the void density contrast (negative) and the electron temperature. The best-fitting values from the two data sets are $(-\delta _{\rm v}T_{\rm e})=(6.5\pm 2.3)\times 10^{5}\, \text{K}$ for ACT and $(8.6 \pm 2.1)\times 10^{5}\, \text{K}$ for Planck [68 per cent confidence level (CL)], which are in good agreement under uncertainty. The data allow us to place lower limits on the expected void electron temperature at $2.7\times 10^5\, \text{K}$ with ACT and $5.1\times 10^5\, \text{K}$ with Planck (95 per cent CL); these results can transform into upper limits for the ratio between the void electron density and the cosmic mean as $n^{\rm v}_{\rm e}/\bar{n}_{\rm e}\leqslant 0.73$ and 0.49 (95 per cent CL), respectively. Our findings prove the feasibility of using thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich observations to constrain the gas properties inside cosmic voids, and confirm that voids are under-pressured regions compared to their surroundings.
Haemoglobin trajectories in chronic kidney disease and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events
Authors: Le Gall Lisa , Harambat Jérôme , Combe Christian , Philipps Viviane , Proust-Lima Cécile , Dussartre Maris , Drüeke Tilman , Choukroun Gabriel , Fouque Denis , Frimat Luc , Jacquelinet Christian , Laville Maurice , Liabeuf Sophie , Pecoits-Filho Roberto , Massy Ziad A , Stengel Bénédicte , Alencar de Pinho Natalia , Leffondré Karen , Prezelin-Reydit Mathilde ,   the CKD-REIN study group, De Pinho Natalia Alencar , Combe Christian , Fouque Denis , Frimat Luc , Hamroun Aghilès , Jacquelinet Christian , Laville Maurice , Liabeuf Sophie , Massy Ziad A , Pascal Christophe , Pecoits-Filho Roberto , Stengel Bénédicte , Lange Céline , Lambert Oriane , Metzger Marie , Hannedouche T , Moulin B , Klein A , Combe C , Bourdenx J P , Keller A , Delclaux C , Vendrely B , Deroure B , Lacraz A , Lobbedez T , Landru I , Massy Z , Lang P , Belenfant X , Thervet E , Urena P , Delahousse M , Vela C , Essig M , Clément D , Sekhri H , Smati M , Jamali M , Hacq B , Panescu V , Bellou M , Frimat Luc , Kamar N , Noël C , Glowacki F , Maisonneuve N , Azar R , Hoffmann M , Hourmant M , Testa A , Besnier D , Choukroun G , Lambrey G , Burtey S , Lebrun G , Magnant E , Laville M , Fouque D , Juillard L , Chazot C , Zaoui P , Kuentz F 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
The trajectories of haemoglobin in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been poorly described. In such patients, we aimed to identify typical haemoglobin trajectory profiles and estimate their risks of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).

Methods
We used 5-year longitudinal data from the CKD-REIN cohort patients with moderate to severe CKD enrolled from 40 nationally representative nephrology clinics in France. A joint latent class model was used to estimate, in different classes of haemoglobin trajectory, the competing risks of (i) MACE + defined as the first event among cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke or hospitalization for acute heart failure, (ii) initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) and (iii) non-cardiovascular death.

Results
During the follow-up, we gathered 33 874 haemoglobin measurements from 3011 subjects (median, 10 per patient). We identified five distinct haemoglobin trajectory profiles. The predominant profile (n = 1885, 62.6%) showed an overall stable trajectory and low risks of events. The four other profiles had nonlinear declining trajectories: early strong decline (n = 257, 8.5%), late strong decline (n = 75, 2.5%), early moderate decline (n = 356, 11.8%) and late moderate decline (n = 438, 14.6%). The four profiles had different risks of MACE, while the risks of KRT and non-cardiovascular death consistently increased from the haemoglobin decline.

Conclusion
In this study, we observed that two-thirds of patients had a stable haemoglobin trajectory and low risks of adverse events. The other third had a nonlinear trajectory declining at different rates, with increased risks of events. Better attention should be paid to dynamic changes of haemoglobin in CKD.
Regulation of L-aspartate oxidase contributes to NADP+ biosynthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Ito Shoki , Watanabe Atsuko , Osanai Takashi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cyanobacteria have been promoted as a biomass resource that can contribute to carbon neutrality. Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is a model cyanobacterium that is widely used in various studies. NADP+ and NAD+ are electron receptors involved in energy metabolism. The NADP+/NAD+ ratio in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is markedly higher than that in the heterotrophic bacterium Escherichia coli. In Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, NADP+ primarily functions as an electron receptor during the light reaction of photosynthesis, and NADP+ biosynthesis is essential for photoautotrophic growth. Generally, the regulatory enzyme of NADP+ biosynthesis is NAD kinase, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of NAD+. However, a previous study suggested that the regulation of another enzyme contributes to NADP+ biosynthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under photoautotrophic conditions. L-Aspartate oxidase is the first enzyme in NAD(P)+ biosynthesis. In this study, we biochemically characterized Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 L-aspartate oxidase and determined the phenotype of a Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 mutant overexpressing L-aspartate oxidase. The catalytic efficiency of L-aspartate oxidase from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was lower than that of L-aspartate oxidases and NAD kinases from other organisms. L-Aspartate oxidase activity was affected by different metabolites such as NADP+ and ATP. The L-aspartate oxidase–overexpressing strain grew faster than the wild-type strain under photoautotrophic conditions. The L-aspartate oxidase–overexpressing strain accumulated NADP+ under photoautotrophic conditions. These results indicate that the regulation of L-aspartate oxidase contributes to NADP+ biosynthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under photoautotrophic conditions. These findings provide insight into the regulatory mechanism of cyanobacterial NADP+ biosynthesis.
DOMAIN OF UNKNOWN FUNCTION581-9 negatively regulates SnRK1 kinase activity
Authors: Bortlik Jennifer , Lühle Jost , Alseekh Saleh , Weiste Christoph , Fernie Alisdair R , Dröge-Laser Wolfgang , Börnke Frederik 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In plants, sucrose nonfermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) is a key energy sensor that orchestrates large-scale transcriptional reprograming to maintain cellular homeostasis under energy deficit. SnRK1 activity is under tight negative control, although the exact mechanisms leading to its activation are not well understood. We show that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) DOMAIN OF UNKNOWN FUNCTION (DUF581) protein DUF581-9/FCS-like zinc finger 3 binds to the catalytic SnRK1.1 α subunit (KIN10) to inhibit its activation by geminivirus rep-interacting kinase (GRIK)–dependent T-loop phosphorylation. Overexpression of DUF581-9 in Arabidopsis dampens SnRK1 signaling and interferes with adaptation to dark-induced starvation. The presence of DUF581-9 significantly reduced SnRK1 activity in protoplasts and in vitro. This was accompanied by a reduction in T175 T-loop phosphorylation and also diminished KIN10 auto-phosphorylation. Furthermore, DUF581-9 reduced binding of the upstream activating kinase GRIK2 to KIN10, explaining the reduced KIN10 T-loop phosphorylation. Ectopically expressed DUF581-9 protein was rapidly turned over by the proteasome when Arabidopsis plants were subjected to starvation treatment, likely releasing its inhibitory activity on the SnRK1 complex. Taken together, our results support a model in which DUF581-9 negatively regulates SnRK1 activity under energy sufficient conditions. Turnover of the protein provides a rapid way for SnRK1 activation under energy deficit without the need of de novo protein synthesis.