bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐temperature poly‐Si TFT transferred onto plastic substrates by using surface free technology by laser ablation/annealing (SUFTLA®)
Authors: Utsunomiya Sumio , Inoue Satoshi , Shimoda Tatsuya 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—A novel technology that makes it possible to transfer electronic devices from an original substrate to another substrate is introduced. Because laser irradiation is utilized during the transfer process, this technology was named SUFTLA® (surface free technology by laser ablation/annealing). Low‐temperature poly‐Si TFTs first manufactured on a quartz substrate were transferred onto a PES substrate without any damage or characteristic degradation. A trial TFT‐LCD device with peripheral integrated driver circuits was also transferred onto the PES substrate and their operation was observed under typical conditions. These results indicate that the SUFTLA technology is one of the leading candidates for fine‐patterned high‐performance electronic‐device manufacturing on flexible substrate.
Analysis of drain ac stress‐induced hot‐carrier degradation in low‐temperature poly‐Si TFTs
Authors: Inoue Satoshi , Kimura Mutsumi , Shimoda Tatsuya 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—We investigated hot‐carrier degradation in low‐temperature (≤425° C) polycrystalline‐silicon thin‐film transistors (poly‐Si TFTs). When the appropriate stress is applied to the TFTs, a decrease in on‐current and an increase in off‐current are induced by the drain avalanche hot carriers (DAHC). The extent of the degradation is quite large, however, when the ac stress is applied to the drain (drain ac stress). Moreover, the degradation is accelerated by an increase in the frequency of the drain ac stress. We found that the pulse number of the drain ac stress dominated this degradation. It is well known that hot carriers are generated by impact ionization, and the impact ionization rate increases with an increase in the carrier density and the electric field in the channel. When the dc stress is supplied to the drain (drain dc stress), the electric field near the drain is high, while the electron density near the drain is low because of the formation of a pinch‐off region. On the other hand, for the case of drain AC stress, both the electric field and electron density near the drain become high during the transition when the voltage of the stress pulse changes from low to high. The impact ionization rate increases at this point. As this cycle is repeated, it is thought that the degradation of TFTs is accelerated.
Sequential‐color LCD based on OCB with an LED backlight
Authors: Yamada Fumiaki , Nakamura Hajime , Sakaguchi Yoshitami , Taira Yoichi 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—We have fabricated a 13.3‐in. XGA (1024 × 768) TFT sequential‐color liquid‐crystal display using optically compensated birefringency (OCB), illuminated by an LED backlight. We fabricated the sequential‐color display feasible process technology, and examined the performance and potential of a field‐sequential‐color scheme. The display was connected to a laptop computer and examined for flicker.
Advanced liquid‐crystal materials for TFT monitor and TV applications
Authors: Tarumi Kazuaki , Heckmeier Michael , Klasen‐Memmer Melanie 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—Notebook applications have been one of the most important driving forces behind the remarkable growth of liquid‐crystal displays (LCDs). LCDs have recently been well accepted in the monitor market and large growth is forecasted because of the replacement of CRTs. The next challenge for LCDs is the TV market. These new application areas are supported by advanced LC technologies such as film‐compensated twisted nematic (TN), in‐plane switching (IPS), and vertically aligned (VA) modes. Each TFT technology requires a corresponding LC material improvement. We will review the recent liquid‐crystal material development for these advanced LC technologies.
Organic EL materials based on styryl and amine derivatives
Authors: Sakai Toshio , Hosokawa Chishio , Fukuoka Kenichi , Tokailin Hiroshi , Hironaka Yoshio , Ikeda Hidetsugu , Funahashi Masakazu , Kusumoto Tadashi 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—Excellent organic electroluminescent materials are needed in order to obtain color EL devices with high performance. We have succeeded in realizing bright and efficient devices with long lifetime in various color regions, based on styryl and amine derivatives.
A 100,000‐cd/m2 capacity‐coupled electrodeless discharge backlight with high efficacy for LC TVs
Authors: Baba Y. , Izuka M. , Shiga T. , Mikoshiba S. , Nishiyama S. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—A capacity‐coupled electrodeless Hg discharge lamp has been developed for LC TV backlightings. By applying sinusoidal voltages which are 180° out of phase with a pair of external electrodes, a luminous uniformity of over 84% is attained in two types of lamps whose lengths are 190 and 390 mm. Luminance, efficacy, and input power to the lamp are 114,000 cd/m2, 35 lm/W, and 21.5 W when the 390‐mm lamp is driven at 5 MHz. With a frequency below 1.1 MHz, eight 390‐mm lamps, connected in parallel to one another without external ballast impedance, can be driven by using a single inverter.
Mercury‐free 18‐in. flat fluorescent lamp with good uniformity
Authors: Kwak M. G. , Han J. I. , Kim W. K. , Park S. K. , Hong S. J. , Kim Y. H. , Choi J. Y. , Jeong K. S. , Sohn S. H. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—We have developed an 18‐in. 287 × 359‐mm flat fluorescent lamp (FFL) that uses a xenon dielectric barrier discharge and analyzed its electro‐optical characteristics. The surface luminance of the lamp having a diffuser sheet thickness of 3 mm was 5600 cd/m2 and the luminance uniformity was 92% at an applied voltage of 950 Vrms. The luminous efficacy of the FFL was 24.5 lm/W for a luminance of 4200 cd/m2 when driven by a sine‐wave voltage.
A flexible ferroelectric liquid‐crystal display with improved mechanical stability for smart‐card applications
Authors: Brill J. , Lueder E. , Randler M. , Voegele S. , Frey V. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—A bistable ferroelectric liquid‐crystal display (FLCD) for application in a smart card has been developed together with Infineon Technologies Business Unit Security and Chip Card ICs. The manufacturing process of the display will be explained. To further improve the functionality and reliability of the display, its layout has been modified. Barrier layers to reduce water permeation have been introduced. Defects in the FLC have been observed around the spacers. A change in the process order can help to avoid them. To reduce the sensitivity of the smectic layers of the FLC to shear forces, a special display layout with enlarged spacers has been developed together with an appropriate vacuum‐free filling process.
Low‐temperature poly‐Si TFT‐LCD with an integrated analog circuit
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Karube Masao , Hayashi Hirotaka , Nakamura Kazuo , Tada Norio , Fujiwara Hisao , Tsutsumi Junsei , Motai Tomonobu 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—We have developed a 6‐bit D/A converter and amplifier integrated low‐temperature poly‐Si TFT‐LCD in which an integrated signal‐line driver is driven by a 5‐V power supply. We have employed a D/A converter including a new capacitor array and an original amplifier comprised of serially connected comparators to achieve high accuracy. The D/A converter performs gamma correction using upper significant bits of input data. Control signals for these circuits were generated by the integrated timing circuit. These advances in integration have been achieved for the first time using 3‐μm design rule and improved LTPS TFT technologies and provide an advanced display system with lower power consumption, smaller module size, and higher durability.
Towards a polarized light‐emitting backlight: micro‐structured anisotropic layers
Authors: Blom S. M. P. , Huck H. P. M. , Cornelissen H. J. , Greiner H. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—A backlight for liquid‐crystal‐display illumination is presented, in which s‐polarized light is preferentially coupled out by micro‐optical structures in a birefringent layer. In the experiments, contrasts higher than 15 have been obtained. A polarization dependent ray‐tracing model has been developed. Important guidelines for finding an optimal backlight configuration have been derived from the calculations.
New high‐luminance 50‐ and 43‐in. ACPDPs with an improved panel structure
Authors: Koshio C. , Taniguchi H. , Amemiya K. , Saegusa N. , Komaki T. , Sato Y. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—New 50‐ and 43‐in. ACPDPs, which have been developed and commercialized in 2001, show high luminance with improved cell structure and higher Xe‐content gas. The specific features of the cell structure are “T”‐shaped electrodes and waffle‐structured ribs, which are same as those of the previous model. Both the cell structure and gas conditions have been optimized. New green and blue phosphors have also been adopted. As a result, the luminous efficacy has been improved up to 1.8 lm/W by using a black stripe. The peak luminance of the 50‐ and 43‐in. PDPs have reached 900 and 1000 cd/m2, respectively, while the power consumption of the 50‐in. PDP has been decreased to 380 W, which is 20% lower than that of our previous 50‐in. PDP.
Analysis of gamut mapping algorithms from the viewpoint of color name matching
Authors: Motomura Hideto 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—The validity of color name matching in analyzing gamut mapping algorithms is described in this paper. The performances of three types of gamut mapping algorithms (cusp scaling, clipping, and categorical weighting) are evaluated in a psychophysical experiment from the viewpoint of color name matching. Based on this evaluation, we have found that cusp‐scaling algorithm is capable of controlling lightness reasonably well, compensating for a decrease in chroma caused by the difference in the size of device gamut between a source and a destination device. Ranking of reproducible performance by the three gamut mapping algorithms in the psychophysical experiment is arrived at on the basis of color name matching.
Photoluminescent ZnS:Cu phosphor films made with atomic‐layer chemical vapor deposition and thermal evaporation
Authors: Hikavyy A. , Neyts K. , Stuyven G. , Poelman D. , De Visschere P. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—Photoluminescent (PL) ZnS:Cu thin films were prepared by atomic‐layer chemical vapor deposition (ALCVD) and by thermal evaporation. The deposition, structure, and PL properties of the films were investigated, as well as the effect of heat treatment on photoluminescence.
Electrophoretic deposition of phosphor in a thermoreversible gel
Authors: Choi Yohan , Albot Jan B. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—A method to electrophoretically deposit phosphors utilizing a thermoreversible gel was examined. The polymer poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) was mixed with the solvent, isopropanol, in concentrations ranging from 10 to 45 wt.%. Various deposition conditions were investigated, including temperature, polymer concentration, deposit time, and applied voltage. Although electrophoretic deposition of phosphor in a thermoreversible gel has been demonstrated, it does not appear likely that this PBMA system will allow for an adequate amount of phosphor to deposit due to the high viscosity at the required concentration of PBMA for gelation.
The study of the low‐field behavior of optically generated charges in thin‐film electroluminescent devices
Authors: Stuyven G. , Neyts K. , De Visschere P. , Soenen B. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—The measurement of photo‐stimulated currents (PSC) or thermally stimulated currents (TSC) in ACTFEL devices is sometimes used as a method to identify energy levels of trap centers in the phosphor layer. These methods are based on the fact that optically or thermally generated charges are able to move in the polarization field in the phosphor layer of an EL device, which remains after charging the device with a voltage pulse. Similar information about space charge can be obtained by the measurement of loss factor and capacitance of uncharged EL devices under illumination during a low ac‐voltage excitation. This new method avoids one of the major disadvantages of the other methods, namely, the continuous change of the field situation throughout the measurement. The measurement of low‐voltage photo‐stimulated currents (LVPSC) creates an identical and reproducible field situation at each wavelength, which makes interpretation more reliable. Moreover, this new method allows the extraction of information about the low‐field conduction behavior of EL thin films.
Subthreshold voltage‐induced transferred charge measurements of evaporated ZnS:Mn alternating‐current thin‐film electroluminescent devices
Authors: Cleary B. A. , Keir P. D. , Hitt J. C. , Plant T. K. , Wager J. F. , Aitchison B. , Tuenge R. T. , Sun S. S. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—Subthreshold voltage‐induced transferred charge (VIQ) analysis is proposed as a novel method for assessing the nature of aging in alternating‐current thin‐film electroluminescent (ACTFEL) devices. VIQ analysis involves the application of 20,000 bipolar voltage pulses of variable amplitude and measurement of the subthreshold charge transferred in the phosphor for voltage amplitudes from 0 V to threshold. VIQ experiments provide information related to the physical location, density, energy depth, and capture cross‐section of phosphor traps responsible for ACTFEL device aging. VIQ aging experiments were performed on ZnS:Mn ACTFEL devices whose phosphor layers were deposited by thermal evaporation, atomic layer epitaxy using chlorine as a constituent of the precursor gas [ALE (Cl)], and atomic layer epitaxy with diethyl zinc as a precursor gas [ALE (DEZ)]. The depth of the traps responsible for VIQ in evaporated, ALE (Cl), and ALE (DEZ) ZnS:Mn are estimated to be ∼1.0–1.2, ∼0.3, and ∼0.7–0.9 eV, respectively. It is speculated that the traps responsible for VIQ are due to sulfur vacancies, chlorine, and oxygen, for evaporated, ALE (Cl), and ALE (DEZ), respectively.
Computer display control and interaction using eye‐gaze
Authors: Farid M. , Murtagh F. , Starck J. L. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—Innovative systems for user‐computer interaction based on the user's eye‐gaze behavior have important implications for various applications. Examples include user navigation in large images, typical of astronomy or medicine, and user selection and viewing of multiple video streams. Typically, a web environment is used for these applications. System latency must be negligible, while system obtrusiveness must be small. This paper describes the implementation and initial experimentation on such an innovative system.
A highly integrated AMLCD with low‐voltage operation
Authors: Ayres J. R. , Edwards M. J. , Trainor M. J. , Young N. D. , Pook R. , Pearson A. D. , Henzen A. V. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—A highly integrated low‐temperature polysilicon AMLCD has been designed that operates from a 3‐V power supply and has a low‐voltage digital interface. This has been achieved by reducing the threshold voltage of the TFTs and integrating digital column drive circuits and charge‐pump circuits onto the display substrate. In standby mode, the display is capable of retaining an image without the need for external signals through the integration of dynamic‐memory circuits within the pixels of the display.
The manufacture of a thin‐film LCD
Authors: Bobrov Y. , Fennell L. , Lazarev P. , Paukshto M. , Remizov S. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—LCDs with internal polarizers were designed and fabricated as production prototype TN‐LCDs. Optiva™ Thin Crystalline Films (TCFs) were used as the polarizers for these displays. The design and processes for fabrication of a TN‐LCD with Optiva internal polarizers will be discussed.
Advanced photospacers with elastic recovery
Authors: Pae Youlee , Lee Keun‐Joo , Lee Jaehwan , Choi Sook‐Young , Hong Seong‐Jae , Ryu Mi‐Sun , Kim Young‐Keun , Kim Tae Yong , Choi Bum‐Young , Yoo Chun‐Woo , Jung Yong‐Man , Cha Hyuk‐Jin , Kim Young Jun , Hahn Jun‐Hee 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—A new series of photospacers has been prepared with different types of crosslinkers to improve elastic recovery. Afunctional crosslinker with six reactive groups demonstrates the best elastic recovery. As the quantity of crosslinker is increased, the elastic recovery also increases, probably due to an increase in the crosslinking density. The use of ADMS EPS® results in high resolution, good uniformity, and high production yield in the liquid‐crystal‐display (LCD) process. Especially, EPS® improves and solves problems such as viewing angle, crosstalk, and dark spots.
Development of a 14.1‐in. UXGA TFT‐LCD using LTPS technology
Authors: Kim Byeong‐Koo , Kim Kee‐Jong , Ahn Kook‐Chan , Choi Hong‐Seok , Ha Yong‐Min 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—A 14.1‐in. UXGA low‐temperature poly‐Si TFT‐LCD has been developed using p‐MOS technology. Both the peripheral driving circuits and the pixel switches are implemented using only p‐channel TFTs. The device performance for the driving circuits and the panel design issues, such as crosstalk and flicker, were investigated. The image quality required for the notebook‐PC display has been achieved by optimizing the panel design and by improving the device performance. In addition, the redundant gate driving structure has been developed to minimize the degradation of the panel yield.
Power savings with resonant PMLCD driving
Authors: Stiens Johan , Devisch Frédéric , Kuijk Maarten 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—A possible solution for decreasing the ac power dissipation in PMLCD driving is to use an RLC resonant‐drive approach. The achievable power savings depends on several parameters: the LCD material properties, the display size, the frame refresh rate, the driver‐IC technology, etc. A good knowledge of the different parameters is crucial to determining how much power can potentially be saved with resonant driving. In this paper, the influence of these parameters is theoretically derived. Using the essential formulas, a resonant‐driver IC for a 48 × 100 TN‐PMLCD was designed and experimentally verified: a power savings of 45% was obtained.
An optical design for reflective color STN‐LCDs
Authors: Komura S. , Kuwabara K. , Itou O. , Abe M. , Funahata K. , Kondo K. , Hoshino N. , Iwakabe Y. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—In reflective color STN‐LCDs, it is necessary to achieve achromatic representation in single‐polarizer STN‐LCD modes. We propose an optimization method for the optical components of single‐polarizer STN‐LCD modes in order to achieve achromatic representation. By applying this method, it is shown that a contrast ratio of more than 20 can be achieved in the normally black (NB) mode. Furthermore, we prove that the normally white (NW) mode can be realized as well as an NB mode which is usually used in current reflective color STN‐LCDs. Comparing the viewing‐angle characteristics of the NW and NB modes, it was found that those of the NW mode are better than those of the NB mode. Particularly, high reflectance can be realized even at larger viewing angles in the NW mode.
Gray‐scale addressing method by multi‐order paraunitary/orthogonal building blocks
Authors: Yeung Steve , Lee James , Lam Berry , Ng Jonathan , Tsoi Ivan 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—A new driving scheme for liquid‐crystal displays has been proposed, which uses paraunitary matrices as the diagonal building blocks. The new driving scheme has the advantages of lower hardware complexity than the well‐known MLA. In this paper, a new method is proposed for the implementation of gray scale in the recently proposed paraunitary driving scheme and the MLA. The method is based on multi‐order paraunitary/orthogonal building blocks, which strikes a balance between frame size and number of voltage levels.
New projection tubes using spherical phosphors and an electron gun having an impregnated cathode
Authors: Hattori H. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—Today, demand for flat and large displays are increasing dramatically. One of the solutions is a projection CRT system, which has significant advantages of low cost and high picture quality.1 We have newly developed projection tubes that combine spherical phosphors and a new electron gun that uses an impregnated cathode, resulting in a 40% improvement in resolution as well as a 5% increase in brightness compared with conventional tubes. The new projection tubes are suitable for high‐resolution displays for DTV and HDTV applications.
Luminous efficacy evaluation of XeI excimer for ACPDP
Authors: Hatanaka H. , Kim Y. M. , Lee W. T. , Lee Y. J. , Kim G. Y. , Park H. B. , Hong J. H. , Im S. J. , Kim J. M. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—We demonstrate for the first time a luminous efficacy of a XeI excimer PDP comparable to that of a conventional Xe/Ne‐mixture PDP using 6‐in. ACPDPs. For the conventional PDP as a reference, a mixture of Xe: Ne = 4:96(%) with a total gas pressure of 60.0 kPa (450 torr) was used. For the XeI PDP, Ne‐buffered mixtures with the same total gas pressure were tried, and a mixture of I2:Xe: Ne = 0.02:7.1:92.88 (%) showed an efficacy as high as that of the conventional Xe PDP.
Space and time evolution of the plasma in a PDP cell: Comparisons between simulations and experiments
Authors: Ganter R. , Callegari Th. , Boeuf J. P. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—We have used a macroscopic discharge cell to study the space and time evolution of the plasma in geometry similar to real matrix and coplanar PDP cells with a scaling factor of around 100 (dimensions 100 times larger, pressure 100 times smaller, i.e., 1‐cm gap length, 5‐torr pressure). Discharges in pure neon and in a xenon‐neon mixture with 10% xenon have been investigated. The measurements have been compared with results from a two‐dimensional fluid model of the discharge.
PDP picture‐quality enhancement based on human‐visual‐system relevant features
Authors: Weitbruch S. , Zwing R. , Correa C. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—The success of a new display technology such as plasma is strongly related to the final picture quality assessed by the customer's eyes. The human visual system (HVS) characteristics enable the definition of new cost‐efficient methods to significantly reduce the visibility of all plasma‐specific artifacts. Simple optimized encoding methods based on the luminance perception will be presented as well as more‐complicated algorithms based on motion perception.
Liquid‐crystal mixtures having tolane substances for field‐sequential‐color TN‐LCDs
Authors: Ichinose H. , Nakajima S. , Sugiyama Y. , Numata H. , Naemura S. , Manabe A. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—Novel liquid‐crystal (LC) mixtures featuring high optical anisotropy Δn) and small rotational viscosity (γ1) were developed for field‐sequential‐color TN‐LCD applications. The dynamic behavior of the TN cells in a narrow‐gap range was studied and new tolane LC substances were introduced. The newly developed LC mixtures, having a narrow‐gap cell, enable a TN‐LCD to switch fast enough to be applied to field‐sequential‐color displays not only at a room temperature but also at low temperatures. It was also confirmed that the voltage‐holding ratio (VHR) is sufficiently high in field‐sequential addressing conditions and, therefore, the LC mixtures can be used in active‐matrix LCDs. For practical use, a storage test of the TN cells under light irradiation was performed to evaluate their voltage‐holding property. It was also confirmed that their high VHR can be maintained for over 10,000 hours under practical conditions.