bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum algorithms to compute the neighbour list of N-body simulations
Authors: Combarro E. F. , Rúa I. F. , Orts F. , Ortega G. , Puertas A. M. , Garzón E. M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOne of the strategies to reduce the complexity of N-body simulations is the computation of the neighbour list. However, this list needs to be updated from time to time, with a high computational cost. This paper focuses on the use of quantum computing to accelerate such a computation. Our proposal is based on a well-known oracular quantum algorithm (Grover). We introduce an efficient quantum circuit to build the oracle that marks pairs of closed bodies, and we provide three novel algorithms to calculate the neighbour list under several hypotheses which take into account a-priori information of the system. We also describe a decision methodology for the actual use of the proposed quantum algorithms. The performance of the algorithms is tested with a statistical simulation of the oracle, where a fixed number of pairs of bodies are set as neighbours. A statistical analysis of the number of oracle queries is carried out. The results obtained with our simulations indicate that when the density of bodies is low, our algorithms clearly outperform the best classical algorithm in terms of oracle queries.
Unlocking the value from car data: A taxonomy and archetypes of connected car business models
Authors: Sterk Felix , Stocker Alexander , Heinz Daniel , Weinhardt Christof 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe automotive industry is relocating from viewing cars as standalone products to an all-encompassing ecosystem built around connected cars enabling data-driven business models. The vastly increasing amount of data collected by connected cars grants a unique driving experience for its users while providing companies operating in the automotive industry access to valuable information and, ultimately, cost and revenue benefits. In this article, we develop an empirically and theoretically grounded taxonomy of data-driven business models in the connected car domain to explore the impact of car connectivity and data availability on business models. Building on this, we conduct a cluster analysis revealing seven business model archetypes for the connected car domain: data platforms, location-based services, fleet management, diagnostics and maintenance, driving analytics, cyber-physical protection, and connected infotainment. Our findings advance the theoretical knowledge of data-driven business models, provide researchers with a systematic analysis of connected car-enabled business models, and enable decision-makers to identify strategic opportunities for leveraging connected car technology to enrich their business portfolios.
Validation of an in-house developed therapeutic dosimetric software tool for the treatment of 177Lutetium-DOTATATE peptide receptor radionuclide therapy
Authors: Van Wyk Bronwin , Hasford Francis , Nyakale Nozipho , Vangu Mboyo-Di-Tamba 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Computer software for absorbed dose quantification has been used widely in nuclear medicine. Different software tools have been written to improve the dose assessment, especially in therapeutic nuclear medicine. Some software tools focusing on computational phantom models from the international commission of radiation protection and units (ICRP) whilst others on Monte Carlo simulated models. While many studies have investigated therapeutic nuclear medicine dosimetry. The authors have noticed that very few papers compare the therapeutic software tools to each other, hence a doctor of philosophy study was embarked on. The aim of our study was therefore to validate our in-house developed software tool Masterdose using the commercial software OLINDA/EXM 1.0 that was available in our department.

Methods
Methodology was based on clinical patient data treated for neuroendocrine tumours with 177Lutetium (Lu)-DOTATATE at a South African hospital. All patients underwent the same SPECT acquisition protocol and were corrected for scatter, partial volume, collimator-detector response, gamma camera calibration and attenuation. Correction factors were applied to images to convert counts to activity. The first cycle of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) for 11 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) patients were compared on the Masterdose and OLINDA/EXM 1.0 software tools at 1, 24, 72 and 168 h. Cumulated activity and the absorbed dose were compared for the two software tools. The absorbed dose difference was then compared using statistical Bland-Altman analysis.

Results
Masterdose and OLINDA/EXM 1.0 had different peptide receptor radionuclide therapy methodologies. This led to different results obtained for the software tools. Cumulated activities of Masterdose and DTK was 10.5% and 10.9% for the kidneys and tumours respectively. On average tumour absorbed doses were nine-times that of the kidneys. Bland–Altman analysis show a non-systematic difference between the two software.

Conclusion
On average the relative percentage difference between the cumulated activities and absorbed dose of the two software were 10.7%.
Development of a culturally targeted chatbot to inform living kidney donor candidates of African ancestry about APOL1 genetic testing: a mixed methods study
Authors: Gordon Elisa J. , Gacki-Smith Jessica , Gooden Matthew J. , Waite Preeya , Yacat Rochell , Abubakari Zenab R. , Duquette Debra , Agrawal Akansha , Friedewald John , Savage Sarah K. , Cooper Matthew , Gilbert Alexander , Muhammad Lutfiyya N. , Wicklund Catherine 
Published: February 2024

AbstractClinical chatbots are increasingly used to help integrate genetic testing into clinical contexts, but no chatbot exists for Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) genetic testing of living kidney donor (LKD) candidates of African ancestry. Our study aimed to culturally adapt and assess perceptions of the Gia® chatbot to help integrate APOL1 testing into LKD evaluation. Ten focus groups and post-focus group surveys were conducted with 54 LKDs, community members, and kidney transplant recipients of African ancestry. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis and descriptive statistics. Key themes about making Gia culturally targeted included ensuring: (1) transparency by providing Black LKDs’ testimonials, explaining patient privacy and confidentiality protections, and explaining how genetic testing can help LKD evaluation; (2) content is informative by educating Black LKDs about APOL1 testing instead of aiming to convince them to undergo testing, presenting statistics, and describing how genetic discrimination is legally prevented; and (3) content avoids stigma about living donation in the Black community. Most agreed Gia was neutral and unbiased (82%), trustworthy (82%), and words, phrases, and expressions were familiar to the intended audience (85%). Our culturally adapted APOL1 Gia chatbot was well regarded. Future research should assess how this chatbot could supplement provider discussion prior to genetic testing to scale APOL1 counseling and testing for LKD candidate clinical evaluation.
Coronary events in elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a prespecified sub-analysis of the ANAFIE registry
Authors: Nakamura Masato , Inoue Hiroshi , Yamashita Takeshi , Akao Masaharu , Atarashi Hirotsugu , Ikeda Takanori , Koretsune Yukihiro , Okumura Ken , Shimizu Wataru , Suzuki Shinya , Tsutsui Hiroyuki , Toyoda Kazunori , Yasaka Masahiro , Yamaguchi Takenori , Teramukai Satoshi , Morishima Yoshiyuki , Fukuzawa Masayuki , Takita Atsushi , Hirayama Atsushi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractReal-world data on coronary events (CE) in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are lacking in the direct oral anticoagulant era. This prespecified sub-analysis of the ANAFIE Registry, a prospective observational study in > 30,000 Japanese patients aged ≥ 75 years with non-valvular AF (NVAF), investigated CE incidence and risk factors. The incidence and risk factors for new-onset CE (a composite of myocardial infarction [MI] and cardiac intervention for coronary heart diseases other than MI), MI, and cardiac intervention for coronary heart diseases other than MI during the 2-year follow-up were assessed. Bleeding events in CE patients were also examined. Among 32,275 patients, the incidence rate per 100 patient-years was 0.48 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.42–0.53) for CE during the 2-year follow-up, 0.20 (0.16–0.23) for MI, and 0.29 (0.25–0.33) for cardiac intervention for coronary heart diseases other than MI; that of stroke/systemic embolism was 1.62 (1.52–1.73). Patients with CE (n = 287) likely had lower creatinine clearance (CrCL) and higher CHADS2 and HAS-BLED scores than patients without CE (n = 31,988). Significant risk factors associated with new-onset CE were male sex, systolic blood pressure of ≥ 130 mmHg, diabetes mellitus (glycated hemoglobin ≥ 6.0%), CE history, antiplatelet agent use, and CrCL < 50 mL/min. Major bleeding incidence was significantly higher in patients with new-onset CE vs without CE (odds ratio [95% CI], 3.35 [2.06–5.43]). In elderly patients with NVAF, CE incidence was lower than stroke/systemic embolism incidence. New-onset CE (vs no CE) was associated with a higher incidence of major bleeding.Trial registration: UMIN000024006.
Graphical Abstract
Performance of multistage-fractured horizontal wells with secondary discrete fractures in heterogeneous tight reservoirs
Authors: Deng Qi , Qu Jianhua , Mi Zhongrong , Xu Bing , Lv Xindong , Huang Kai , Zhang Boning , Nie Ren-Shi , Chen Shengnan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA significant portion of tight sandstone reservoirs commonly displays intricate fluvial channels or fault systems. Despite various attempts at analytical/semi-analytical modeling of multistage-fractured horizontal wells (MFHWs) in unconventional reservoirs, the majority of studies have focused on scenarios with homogeneous original physical properties, neglecting cases where MFHWs traverse multiple regions in channelized heterogeneous reservoirs. Comprehending the influence of heterogeneous and leaky faults on the performance of MFHWs is essential for efficient development. This study presents an innovative semi-analytical model to analyze the pressure transient behavior of MFHWs with secondary fractures as they traverse multiple regions in banded channel heterogeneous reservoirs, particularly considering the presence of partially-communicating faults. The approach combines the source method and Green’s function method to obtain solutions, introducing a novel technique for discretizing fractures without discretizing interfaces. The effects of the reservoir heterogeneity, partially-communicating faults and fractures system on pressure behavior are analyzed. The results indicate that the pressure behavior of MFHWs passing through regions with different physical properties exhibits distinctive characteristics, differing from both the homogeneous case and the heterogeneous cases where the well does not traverse distinct regions. Permeability heterogeneity influences the curves of all other flow regimes, except the early and late flow regimes. Faults affect transient pressure behavior only when not positioned in the middle of each two primary fractures. Region area heterogeneity primarily influences the medium flow regimes. This work provides valuable insights into the performance of MFHWs in channelized heterogeneous reservoirs, offering technical support for well testing in these reservoirs.
Helping and not Harming Animals with AI
Authors: Coghlan Simon , Parker Christine 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEthical discussions about Artificial Intelligence (AI) often overlook its potentially large impact on nonhuman animals. In a recent commentary on our paper about AI’s possible harms, Leonie Bossert argues for a focus not just on the possible negative impacts but also the possible beneficial outcomes of AI for animals. We welcome this call to increase awareness of AI that helps animals: developing and using AI to improve animal wellbeing and promote positive dimensions in animal lives should be a vital ethical goal. Nonetheless, we argue that there is some value in focusing on technology-based harms in the context of AI ethics and policy discourses. A harms framework for AI can inform some of our strongest duties to animals and inform regulation and risk assessment impacts designed to prevent serious harms to humans, the environment, and animals.
A Study on the Optimization of Nano-B4C Content for the Best Wear and Corrosion Properties of the Al-Based Hybrid Nanocomposites
Authors: Çanakçı Aykut , Karabacak Abdullah Hasan , Çelebi Müslim , Özkaya Serdar , Arpacı Kürşat Alp 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis investigation is dedicated to producing hybrid nanocomposites based on AA2024, achieved through the utilization of powder metallurgy methods encompassing mechanical milling and hot pressing. The research focused on studying how changes in B4C content influence the mechanical, wear, and corrosion behavior of AA2024/h-BN/B4C hybrid nanocomposites. The findings revealed that as the B4C content increased, the relative density values decreased, and higher porosity values were observed in the hybrid nanocomposite samples. Among the tested samples, the hybrid nanocomposite with 4 wt% B4C exhibited the most favorable properties. It demonstrated significantly higher hardness and ultimate tensile strength compared to AA2024 matrix alloy, with values of 161 HB and 372 MPa, respectively. In contrast, the matrix alloy showed hardness and ultimate tensile strength values of 105 HB and 237 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, the wear resistance of hybrid nanocomposite with 4 wt% B4C displayed approximately 14 times greater wear resistance under 40 N load compared to the unreinforced AA2024 matrix alloy. The corrosion test results have revealed that the corrosion resistance of the hybrid nanocomposite reinforced with 4wt% B4C is nearly 47% higher compared to the corrosion resistance of the unreinforced AA2024 alloy. This nanocomposite exhibits the highest polarization resistance of 5.21 Ω.cm2.
Decolorization of Congo Red and Reactive Black 5 Dyes with Horseradish Peroxidase-Immobilized Cross-Linked Polymeric Microbeads
Authors: Zhumabekova Altynay , Noma Samir Abbas Ali , Tümay Özer Elif , Osman Bilgen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, the efficiency of poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-N-methacryloyl-amido-l-tryptophan methyl ester) [PEDMT] microbeads (in the diameter range of 106–180 µm) as a support material for HRP immobilization was evaluated and the immobilized-HRP enzyme was used for decolorization of Congo Red (CR) and Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dyes. The specific surface area of the PEDMT microbeads was 1103 m2 g−1, which is very high. The PEDMT microbeads had a pore volume and pore size of 1.94 cm3 g−1 and 9.99–55.3 Å, respectively. The chemical compositions of the PEDMT and PEDMT–HRP microbead surfaces were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Immobilization yield, activity yield, and immobilization efficiency were 84.9 ± 2.1, 73.8 ± 5.9%, and 86.9 ± 6.9%, respectively. Optimum pH (6.0), temperature (45 °C and 50 °C for free and immobilized enzyme), H2O2 concentration (3% v/v) were investigated in detail. Thermal and storage stability was increased after immobilization and immobilized enzyme preserved more than 55% of its initial activity even after 10 consecutive uses. Decolorization studies were also performed by investigating the effects of pH, CR, and RB5 concentration, enzyme amount, H2O2 concentration, contact time on decolorization efficiency. The decolorization efficiency for CR and RB5 by PEDMT–HRP was 98.20% and 47.99% after 30 min at pH 6.0 and 45 °C. The immobilized-HRP retained 89% and 27% of its initial activity after three repeated cycles with CR and RB5, respectively. The PEDMT microbeads with high surface area, porosity, durability, and reusability exactly met the requirements for HRP immobilization and dye decolorization.
On direct sums and quotient spaces of near-vector spaces
Authors: Howell K. -T. , Cara P. , Wessels L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper we study the direct sums of subspaces and some constructions of quotient spaces of near-vector spaces, as defined by André. In particular, for near-vector spaces constructed by taking copies of finite fields, we characterise the quasi-kernels of their quotient spaces, find their cardinality and determine when they are regular. In the case of non-regular quotient spaces, we show how they decompose into maximal regular subspaces. We show how the theory of finite-dimensional near-vector spaces constructed from finite fields allows us to reconstruct near-vector spaces with certain quotient spaces.
A longitudinal prospective study of active tuberculosis in a Western Europe setting: insights and findings
Authors: Romero-Tamarit Arantxa , Vallès Xavier , Munar-García María , Espinosa-Pereiro Juan , Saborit Núria , Tortola Ma. Teresa , Stojanovic Zoran , Roure Sílvia , Antuori Adrián , Cardona Pere-Joan , Soriano-Arandes Antoni , Martin-Nalda Andrea , Espiau María , de Souza-Galvão Maria Luiza , Jiménez Ma. Ángeles , Noguera-Julian Antoni , Molina Israel , Casas Xavier , Domínguez-Álvarez Marisol , Jové Neus , Gogichadze Nino , L. Fonseca Kaori , Arias Lilibeth , Millet Joan-Pau , Sánchez-Montalvá Adrián , Vilaplana Cristina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study investigates the potential of inflammatory parameters (IP), symptoms, and patient-related outcome measurements as biomarkers of severity and their ability to predict tuberculosis (TB) evolution.

Methods
People with TB were included prospectively in the Stage-TB study conducted at five clinical sites in Barcelona (Spain) between April 2018 and December 2021. Data on demographics, epidemiology, clinical features, microbiology, and Sanit George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and Kessler-10 as Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) were collected at three time points during treatment. C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), neutrophil/lymphocyte, and monocyte/lymphocyte ratios (NLR and MLR), complement factors C3, C4, and cH50, clinical and microbiological data, and HRQoL questionnaires were assessed at baseline, 2 months, and 6 months. Their ability to predict sputum culture conversion (SCC) and symptom presence after 2 months of treatment was also analysed.

Results
The study included 81 adults and 13 children with TB. The CRP, ESR, NLR, and MLR values, as well as the presence of symptoms, decreased significantly over time in both groups. Higher IP levels at baseline were associated with greater bacillary load and persistent symptoms. Clinical severity at baseline predicted a delayed SCC. Kessler-10 improved during follow-up, but self-reported lung impairment (SGRQ) persisted in all individuals after 6 months.

Conclusions
IP levels may indicate disease severity, and sustained high levels are linked to lower treatment efficacy. Baseline clinical severity is the best predictor of SCC. Implementing health strategies to evaluate lung function and mental health throughout the disease process may be crucial for individuals with TB.
A GIS-Based Flood Risk Assessment Using the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory Approach at a Regional Scale
Authors: Efraimidou Eirini , Spiliotis Mike 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces an integrated methodology that exploits both GIS and the Decision-making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) methods for assessing flood risk in the Kosynthos River basin in northeastern Greece. The study aims to address challenges arising from data limitations and provide decision-makers with effective flood risk management strategies. The integration of DEMATEL is crucial, providing a robust framework that considers interdependencies among factors, particularly in regions where conventional numerical modeling faces difficulties. DEMATEL is preferred over other methods due to its proficiency in handling qualitative data and its ability to account for interactions among the studied factors. The proposed method is based on two developed causality diagrams. The first diagram is crucial for assessing flood hazard in the absence of data. The second causality diagram offers a multidimensional analysis, considering interactions among the criteria. Notably, the causality diagram referring to flood vulnerability can adapt to local (or national) conditions, considering the ill-defined nature of vulnerability. Given that the proposed methodology identifies highly hazardous and vulnerable areas, the study not only provides essential insights but also supports decision-makers in formulating effective approaches to mitigate flood impacts on communities and infrastructure. Validation includes sensitivity analysis and comparison with historical flood data. Effective weights derived from sensitivity analysis enhance the precision of the Flood Hazard Index (FHI) and Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI).
Preliminary Study of Dental Caries Detection by Deep Neural Network Applying Domain-Specific Transfer Learning
Authors: Kawazu Toshiyuki , Takeshita Yohei , Fujikura Mamiko , Okada Shunsuke , Hisatomi Miki , Asaumi Junichi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to confirm whether it is possible to acquire a certain degree of diagnostic ability even with a small dataset using domain-specific transfer learning. In this study, we constructed a simulated caries detection model on panoramic tomography using transfer learning.

Methods
A simulated caries model was trained and validated using 1094 trimmed intraoral images. A convolutional neural network (CNN) with three convolution and three max pooling layers was developed. We applied this caries detection model to 50 panoramic images and evaluated its diagnostic performance.

Results
The diagnostic performance of the CNN model on the intraoral film was as follows: C0 84.6%; C1 90.6%; C2 88.6%. Finally, we tested 50 panoramic images with simulated caries insertion. The diagnostic performance of the CNN model on the panoramic image was as follows: C0 75.0%, C1 80.0%, C2 80.0%, and overall diagnostic accuracy was 78.0%. The diagnostic performance of the caries detection model constructed only with panoramic images was much lower than that of the intraoral film.

Conclusion
Domain-specific transfer learning methods may be useful for saving datasets and training time (179/250).
A novel smart disinfection system using 3D-printed and electrically conductive composite hydrogel
Authors: Khan Shaheryar A. , Malik Anjum Naeem , Velioglu Basak , Gul Seref , Kavakli Ibrahim Halil , Lazoglu Ismail 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSmart materials are ushering in the era of smart and adaptable products. Hydrogels are a distinct class of smart materials that can be 3D-printed to produce smart and active structures that can be used as sensors and actuators. The development and characterization of a 3D-printable and electrically conductive composite hydrogel, as well as its application in the development of a smart disinfection system, are discussed in this article. The developed composite hydrogel has a maximum electrical conductivity of 145 S.m−1, is stable up to 200 °C, and has a 3D printable rheology. Virtuous of its electrical conductivity, the composite hydrogel was used to create a smart disinfection system. Various disinfection systems have been adopted for the disinfection of contaminated surfaces; however, most of these systems require human evacuation from the surroundings due to the hazardous nature of the virucide. The proposed system is designed to disinfect contaminated surfaces on common-use equipment and is capable of real-time activation through user interaction. It employs a thermal disinfection process at 60 °C for 5 min and becomes ready for the next user once its temperature drops below 55 °C. This system consumes 1.64 Wh of energy per disinfection cycle and is suitable for scenarios with fewer than 60 user interactions in an 8-h work shift.