bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cockroach homologs of praying mantis peripheral auditory system components
Authors: Yager David D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis study identifies the cuticular metathoracic structures in earless cockroaches that are the homologs to the peripheral auditory components in their sister taxon, praying mantids, and defines the nature of the cuticular transition from earless to eared in the Dictyoptera. The single, midline ear of mantids comprises an auditory chamber with complex walls that contain the tympana and chordotonal transduction elements. The corresponding area in cockroaches, between the furcasternum and coxae, has many socketed hairs arranged in discrete fields and the Nerve 7 chordotonal organ, the homolog of the mantis tympanal organ. The Nerve 7 chordotonal organ attaches at the apex of the lateral ventropleurite (LVp), which has the same shape and general structure as an auditory chamber wall. High‐speed video shows that when the coxa moves toward the midline, the LVp rotates medially to stimulate socketed hairs, and also moves like a triangular hinge giving the chordotonal organ maximal in–out stimulation. Formation of the mantis auditory chamber from the LVp and adjacent structures would involve only enlargement, a shift toward the midline, and a mild rotation. Almost all proprioceptive function would be lost, which may constitute the major cost of building and maintaining the mantis ear. Isolation from leg movement dictates the position of the mantis ear in the midline and the rigid frame, formed by the cuticular knobs, which protects the chordotonal organs. J. Morphol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perioperative adjunctive treatment in the management of operable gastric cancer
Authors: Silberman Howard 
Published: May 2005

AbstractOutcome in the management of clinically resectable gastric carcinoma has been disappointing, at least in Western populations, despite increasingly radical surgery and extensive experience with adjunctive perioperative treatment with innumerable single and combined modality regimens. The United States Intergroup Study, a prospective, randomized, controlled trial of adjuvant chemoradiation, demonstrated significant improvement in disease‐free and overall survival. Consequently, this regimen of postoperative fluoruracil plus leucovorin and locoregional radiation has been incorporated into current clinical practice. In hopes of further improving cure rates, many other regimens are under investigation, including the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy alone, combined neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy, and adjuvant therapy alone. In these clinical trials, therapeutic agents are prescribed alone or in multimodal regimens and include systemic chemotherapy, intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy with or without hyperthermia, intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT), and postoperative external beam irradiation. Several molecular markers have been identified, which seem to predict that a given tumor may be effective or resistant to a drug, raising the possibility of customized chemotherapy regimens. Preclinical studies suggest potential efficacy of angiogenesis inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and antisense agents. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;90:174–186. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Block Copolymers Under Shear Flow
Authors: Rychkov Igor 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSummary:Microphase separation transition in block copolymer melts and solutions in equilibrium and under shear flow is reviewed. The non‐equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) computer simulation methodology is presented in detail including the derivation of the SLLOD equations of motion, Gaussian thermostat, and operator‐splitting symplectic integrators. Results of our recent NEMD computer simulation studies of diblock copolymers in a selective solvent under shear flow are presented. Shear‐dependent structural, rheological, and microscopical properties are described. New phase transitions are discovered. The parallel‐perpendicular orientational transition in a weak‐strong flow is revealed. Theoretical approaches are reviewed including the Edwards Hamiltonian, Landau‐Ginzburg model, self‐consistent mean field theory, field‐theoretic simulation, as well as the time‐dependent Landau‐Ginzburg framework and its application to the studies of complex fluids.magnified image
Efficient Simulations of Charged Colloidal Dispersions: A Density Functional Approach
Authors: Kim Kang , Yamamoto Ryoichi 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSummary: A numerical method is presented for simulating charged colloidal dispersions in electrolyte solutions. Utilizing a smoothed profile for colloid‐solvent boundaries, efficient mesoscopic simulations are enabled for modeling dispersions of many colloidal particles exhibiting many‐body electrostatic interactions. The validity of the method was examined for simple colloid geometries, and the efficiency was demonstrated by calculating stable structures of two‐dimensional dispersions, which resulted in the formation of colloidal crystals.Formation of a charged colloidal crystal.magnified imageFormation of a charged colloidal crystal.
Transient Behavior and Gelation of Free Radical Polymerizations in Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors
Authors: Dias Rolando C. S. , Costa Mário Rui P. F. N. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSummary: Using the authors' previously developed method for the general kinetic analysis of non‐linear irreversible polymerizations, the simulation of free radical homogeneous polymerization systems with terminal branching and chain transfer to polymer has been carried out for continuous stirred tank reactors. Its improved accuracy on the numerical evaluation of generating functions has been exploited in order to perform their numerical inversion and chain length distributions could also be estimated with or without the presence of gel. A comparison with alternative techniques emphasizing the effect of their simplifying assumptions on the accuracy of calculations is also presented.Predicted CLD before gelation (t = 1 h), after gelation (t = 15 h, steady state), and close to gel point for a free radical polymerization with transfer to polymer in a CSTR with τ = 60 min.magnified imagePredicted CLD before gelation (t = 1 h), after gelation (t = 15 h, steady state), and close to gel point for a free radical polymerization with transfer to polymer in a CSTR with τ = 60 min.
Morphology of ABCD Tetrablock Copolymers Predicted by Self‐Consistent Field Theory
Authors: Wang Rong , Hu Jinglei , Jiang Zhibin , Zhou Dongshan 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSummary: We studied the two‐dimensional (2D) microphase‐separated morphology of linear ABCD tetrablock copolymers by self‐consistent field theory. By varying the interaction parameters and the compositions, we found at least twelve structures, two of which – “four‐color” lamellae and “three‐color” core‐shell hexagonal phase – prove the existing experimental observations. These morphologies were discussed in correlation with the volume fraction of the components and the interaction parameters. A specific behavior of symmetrical tetrablock copolymers, i.e., fA = fD and fB = fC, is that the stable phases are lamellae, which is different from symmetrical ABC triblock copolymer having order‐to‐order transition. These results are helpful for the design of new block copolymer‐based nanomaterials.
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Kinetic Modeling of Thiol‐Ene Reactions with Both Step and Chain Growth Aspects
Authors: Okay Oguz , Bowman Christopher N. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSummary: A kinetic model is presented for thiol‐ene cross‐linking photopolymerizations including the allowance for chain growth reaction of the ene, i.e., homopolymerization. The kinetic model is based on a description of the average chain lengths derived from differential equations of the type of Smoluchowski coagulation equations. The method of moments was applied to obtain average properties of thiol‐ene reaction systems. The model predicts the molecular weight distribution of active and inactive species in the pre‐gel regime of thiol‐enes, as well as the gel points depending on the synthesis parameters. It is shown that, when no homopolymerization is allowed, the average molecular weights and the gel point conversion are given by the typical equations valid for the step‐growth polymerization. Increasing the extent of homopolymerization also increases the average molecular weights and shifts the gel point toward lower conversions and shorter reaction times. It is also shown that the ratio of thiyl radical propagation to the chain transfer kinetic parameter (kp1/ktr) affects the gelation time, tcr. Gelation occurs earlier as the kp1/ktr ratio is increased due to the predominant attack of thiyl radicals on the vinyl groups and formation of more stable carbon radicals. The gel point in thiol‐ene reactions is also found to be very sensitive to the extent of cyclization, particularly, if the monomer functionalities are low.Number‐average chain length of carbon radicals $\bar X_1 \bullet$ (solid curves) and thiyl radicals $\bar X'_1 \bullet$ (dashed curves) plotted against the vinyl group conversion, xM, during thiol‐ene polymerization. Calculations were for six different kp/ktr ratios.magnified imageNumber‐average chain length of carbon radicals $\bar X_1 \bullet$ (solid curves) and thiyl radicals $\bar X'_1 \bullet$ (dashed curves) plotted against the vinyl group conversion, xM, during thiol‐ene polymerization. Calculations were for six different kp/ktr ratios.
Alpha‐synuclein and Parkinson's disease: Implications from the screening of more than 1,900 patients
Authors: Berg Daniela , Niwar Marc , Maass Sylvia , Zimprich Alexander , Möller J. Carsten , Wuellner Ullrich , Schmitz‐Hübsch Tanja , Klein Christine , Tan Eng‐King , Schöls Ludger , Marsh Laura , Dawson Ted M. , Janetzky Bernd , Müller Thomas , Woitalla Dirk , Kostic Vladimir , Pramstaller Peter P. , Oertel Wolfgang H. , Bauer Peter , Krueger Rejko , Gasser Thomas , Riess Olaf 
Published: May 2005

AbstractData on the frequency of α‐synuclein mutations in Parkinson's disease (PD) are limited. Screening the entire coding region in 1,921 PD patients with denaturing high performance liquid chromatography and subsequent sequencing we only detected silent mutations (g.2654A>G, g.10151G>A, and g.15986A>T) and the c.209G>A substitution corresponding to the p.A53T mutation. These results demonstrate that mutations in the α‐synuclein gene are rare and suggest that other factors contribute to α‐synuclein aggregation in the majority of PD patients. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Effect of repetitive TMS and fluoxetine on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease and concurrent depression
Authors: Boggio Paulo S. , Fregni Felipe , Bermpohl Felix , Mansur Carlos G. , Rosa Moacyr , Rumi Demetrio O. , Barbosa Egberto R. , Odebrecht Rosa Marina , Pascual‐Leone Alvaro , Rigonatti Sérgio Paulo , Marcolin Marco A. , Araujo Silva Maria Teresa 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPrevious studies show that cognitive functions are more impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and depression than in nondepressed PD patients. We compared the cognitive effects of two types of antidepressant treatments in PD patients: fluoxetine (20 mg/day) versus repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS, 15 Hz, 110% above motor threshold, 10 daily sessions) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Twenty‐five patients with PD and depression were randomly assigned either to Group 1 (active rTMS and placebo medication) or to Group 2 (sham rTMS and fluoxetine). A neuropsychological battery was assessed by a rater blind to treatment arm at baseline and 2 and 8 weeks after treatment. Patients in both groups had a significant improvement of Stroop (colored words and interference card) and Hooper and Wisconsin (perseverative errors) test performances after both treatments. Furthermore, there were no adverse effects after either rTMS or fluoxetine in any neuropsychological test of the cognitive test battery. The results show that rTMS could improve some aspects of cognition in PD patients similar to that of fluoxetine. The mechanisms for this cognitive improvement are unclear, but it is in the context of mood improvement. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Simultaneous determination of 1H–1H and 1H–13C residual dipolar couplings in a chiral liquid crystal solvent using a natural abundance HSQC experiment
Authors: Marathias Vasilios M. , Goljer Igor , Bach II Alvin C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA high‐resolution, phase‐sensitive, natural abundance F2‐coupled 1H–13C HSQC (F2HSQC) NMR experiment was developed to measure simultaneously both nDHH and 1DCH residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) of small molecules present in a chiral polypeptide liquid crystal solvent system composed of poly‐γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate (PBLG) in CDCl3. Because this is an indirect‐detection NMR experiment, the relatively small amount of sample (7.5 mg in this study) and short acquisition times (5 h) that are required make this HSQC experiment well suited for samples that are either limited in solubility or in quantity or require short analysis times. The F2HSQC experiment can be performed without any specialized equipment or sample modification and can enhance our ability to measure RDCs accurately and rapidly in polypeptide liquid crystal solvents. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence for a role for anti‐Müllerian hormone in the suppression of follicle activation in mouse ovaries and bovine ovarian cortex grafted beneath the chick chorioallantoic membrane
Authors: Gigli I. , Cushman R.A. , Wahl C.M. , Fortune J.E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe first critical transition in follicular development, the activation of primordial follicles to leave the pool of resting follicles and begin growth, is poorly understood, but it appears that the balance between inhibitory and stimulatory factors is important in regulating the exodus of follicles from the resting pool. There is evidence that anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH; also known as MIS) inhibits follicle activation in mice, but whether it plays a similar role in non rodent species is not known. When pieces of bovine ovarian cortex, rich in primordial follicles, are cultured in serum‐free medium, most follicles initiate growth, but when cortical pieces are grafted beneath the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chick embryos, follicle activation does not occur. Since embryonic chick gonads of both sexes produce and secrete high levels of AMH, the hypothesis that the AMH in the chick circulation inhibits follicle activation was tested. In Experiment 1, whole newborn mouse ovaries were grafted beneath the CAM (placed “in ovo”) or cultured in vitro for 8 days. In vitro (or after 8 days in vivo) follicles activated and proceeded to the primary or secondary stage, but activation was suppressed in ovo. This inhibition was reversed if ovaries were removed from beneath the CAM and cultured in vitro. In contrast, when ovaries from mice null mutant for the AMH type II receptor were CAM‐grafted in Experiment 2, follicle activation occurred in a similar fashion to activation in vitro. This finding strongly implicates AMH as the inhibitor of follicle activation in ovo. Since chick embryonic gonads are the source of circulating AMH, chicks were gonadectomized in Experiment 3, prior to grafting of pieces of bovine ovarian cortex beneath their CAMs. Bovine primordial follicles activated in the gonadectomized chicks, similar to the results for mice lacking the AMH type II receptor. Taken together these experiments provide strong evidence that AMH is the inhibitor of mouse follicle activation present in the circulation of embryonic chicks and provide indirect, and hence more tentative, evidence for AMH as an inhibitor of bovine follicle activation. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
c‐Kit immunophenotyping and metalloproteinase expression profiles of mast cells in interstitial lung diseases
Authors: Edwards Samuel T , Cruz Anthony C , Donnelly Samantha , Dazin Paul F , Schulman Edward S , Jones Kirk D , Wolters Paul J , Hoopes Charles , Dolganov Gregory M , Fang Kenneth C 
Published: May 2005

AbstractDiverse interstitial lung diseases (ILD) demonstrate mesenchymal infiltration by an abundance of activated mast cells whose role in parenchymal fibrogenesis remains unclear. Since mast cells differentiate in a dynamic, tissue‐specific manner via signals transduced by c‐Kit receptor, we examined the effect of ILD microenvironments on c‐Kit expression and metalloproteinase phenotypes of mesenchymal mast cell populations. Immunohistochemical and flow cytometric analyses characterized surface expression of c‐Kit on mast cells in tissues obtained from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, systemic sclerosis, sarcoidosis, and lymphangioleiomyomatosis, thus identifying a unique immunophenotype not shared by normal lung mast cells. Isolation of c‐Kit+/FcεRI+/CD34− mast cells via immunocytometric sorting of heterogeneous cell populations from mechanically disaggregated lung tissues permitted analysis of gene expression patterns by two‐step real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Transcriptional profiling identified expression of c‐Kit and the neutral serine proteases, tryptase and chymase, establishing the identity of sorted populations as mature mast cells. Mast cells harvested from ILD tissues demonstrated characteristic metalloproteinase phenotypes which included expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1 and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)‐9, ‐10, and ‐17. Immunohistochemical co‐localization guided by gene profiling data confirmed expression of chymase, MMP‐1, and ADAM‐17 protein in subpopulations of mast cells in remodelling interstitium. Gene profiling of harvested mast cells also showed increased transcript copy numbers for TNFα and CC chemokine receptor 2, which play critical roles in lung injury. We conclude that ILD microenvironments induce unique c‐Kit receptor and metalloproteinase mast cell phenotypes. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IgVH mutations in blastoid mantle cell lymphoma characterize a subgroup with a tendency to more favourable clinical outcome
Authors: Cogliatti Sergio B , Bertoni Francesco , Zimmermann Dieter R , Henz Samuel , Diss Tim C , Ghielmini Michele , Schmid Ulrico 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is associated with a very unfavourable clinical course. This is particularly true for mantle cell lymphoma of the blastoid subtype (MCL‐b). In order to define prognostic factors, we analysed the impact of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (IgVH) gene somatic hypermutations on clinical outcome in a series of 21 cases of morphologically, phenotypically, and genotypically well‐characterized MCL‐b. Testing and estimation were performed using log‐rank statistics and displayed on Kaplan–Meier graphs. Thirteen of 21 cases of MCL‐b revealed a homology rate of ≥99% compared to IgVH germ‐line sequences in the databases and were scored as non‐mutated. Eight of 21 cases (38%) of MCL‐b were mutated. In MCL‐b the mutation frequency was usually low and the mutation pattern was only rarely antigen‐selected, in contrast to a control group of 11 cases with morphologically almost identical, but phenotypically and genotypically clearly distinguishable, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, derived, most likely, from germinal centre B cells. In our series of 21 MCL‐b, positive IgVH mutational status, irrespective of varying homology thresholds, had no statistically significant prognostic impact on event‐free or overall survival. However, mutated MCL‐b tended to present more frequently at an earlier stage and without bone marrow involvement and to show lower rates of relapse and death, resulting in a more favourable clinical outcome. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High numbers of tumour‐infiltrating activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and frequent loss of HLA class I and II expression, are features of aggressive B cell lymphomas of the brain and testis
Authors: Riemersma Sietske A , Oudejans Joost J , Vonk Marcel J , Dreef Enno J , Prins Frans A , Jansen Patty M , Vermeer Maarten H , Blok Paul , Kibbelaar Robbie E , Muris Jettie JF , Schuuring Ed MD , Kluin Philip M 
Published: May 2005

AbstractLoss of both HLA class I and class II expression in B cell lymphomas is a mechanism of escape from a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immune response and will therefore give a strong selective survival advantage in tumours expressing strong immunogenic antigens. We investigated loss of HLA expression using specific antibodies on tissue sections from 254 B cell lymphomas originating from nodal and different extranodal sites in relation to numbers of tumour‐infiltrating T cells. Complete loss of HLA class I and II was observed in a minority of the nodal, stomach, and skin lymphomas but in the majority of the lymphomas originating from the testis and the CNS. Interestingly, relatively high percentages of activated CTLs were detected in both primary testicular and CNS lymphomas compared to lymphomas at other sites, with highest percentages in the testis (p < 0.0001). We conclude that loss of both HLA class I and II expression occurs very frequently in lymphomas originating from the testis and the CNS as compared to nodal and some other extranodal sites. The presence of high percentages of activated CTLs in the testicular and CNS lymphomas suggests that loss of HLA expression provides a strong growth advantage for lymphoma cells in these immune‐privileged sites. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The transactivating isoforms of p63 are overexpressed in high‐grade follicular lymphomas independent of the occurrence of p63 gene amplification
Authors: Pruneri Giancarlo , Fabris Sonia , Dell'Orto Patrizia , Biasi Maria Olivia , Valentini Stefano , Del Curto Barbara , Laszlo Daniele , Cattaneo Laura , Fasani Roberta , Rossini Laura , Manzotti Michela , Bertolini Francesco , Martinelli Giovanni , Neri Antonino , Viale Giuseppe 
Published: May 2005

Abstractp63 is a p53‐related gene mapping to 3q28 that codes for multiple mRNA transcripts with (TA‐p63) or without (ΔN‐p63) transactivating effects on genes that promote cell differentiation and apoptosis. We analysed p63 alterations by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR and FISH in a series of 45 follicular lymphomas (FL). None of the tumours showed immunoreactivity for the p40 antibody, which recognizes only the truncated isoforms of p63, or ΔN‐p63 mRNA expression. Immunoreactivity for the 4A4 antibody, which recognizes both the transactivating and the truncated p63 isoforms, was found in 5 ± 5.5%, 6.85 ± 4.88% and 33.2 ± 22.31% of grade I, II and III FL cells, respectively (p < 0.0001). Quantitative RT‐PCR analysis showed that all cases but one had TA‐p63 mRNA levels higher than non‐neoplastic lymphocytes, and that TA‐p63 mRNA expression correlated significantly (r = 0.9194, p < 0.0001) with the prevalence of p63 immunoreactivity. FISH extra signals for the p63 gene were found in seven (23.3%) of the 30 cases analysed (0/6 grade I, 2/15 grade II and 5/9 grade III; p = 0.01937). Further hybridizations showed a pattern highly suggestive of chromosome 3 polysomy in six cases. One of these cases also bore extra copies of the p63 and bcl‐6 genes. Co‐localization of p63 and IgH signals was found in one case. No association between the prevalence of p63 immunoreactivity and extra p63 gene signals was detectable when the cases were dichotomized according to a p63 immunoreactivity threshold of 10%. Our data suggest that TA‐p63 is overexpressed in high‐grade FL, possibly independent of the occurrence of gene abnormalities, and that it may be involved in the highly complex mechanism of regulation of apoptosis of FL cells. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.