bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nature or nurture? Agency life‐cycles as a function of institutional legacy, political environment, and organizational hardwiring
Authors: Kleizen Bjorn , MacCarthaigh Muiris 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA growing body of literature attempts to explain the life‐cycles of public sector organizations. Of particular interest have been the form and incidence of their birth and termination, and connecting these events to such variables as legal status and political ideology. Less attention has been given to the effect of intermediary life‐cycle events, the tasks performed by agencies, and their policy domains. This study builds on existing fixed characteristics (nature) and dynamic environmental (nurture) approaches and uniquely supplements them with a new institutional legacy paradigm that examines how previous organizational reforms influence future reform. Moreover, we advance existing studies by providing more comprehensive tests of the role that task type and policy domain play. Finally, we retest “classic” nature and nurture variables, namely, political turnover and legal form. Results suggest that nature and nurture provide important pieces of the organizational life‐cycle puzzle and that nurture comprises both external and intra‐organizational dynamics.
In search of the silver‐lining: Police officers' attributions and responses to stakeholder critique
Authors: Horton Kate E. , Jacobs Gabriele , Bayerl P. Saskia , Gascó‐Hernández Mila , Rothengatter Marloes , Elliott Karen , Giljohann Stefanie , Rus Claudia Lenuţa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTensions between police organizations and (community) stakeholders have taken center stage in recent years, with an escalation in protests and divisive rhetoric observed in many countries. Using attribution theory, this study examines how police officers interpret negative stakeholder feedback and how these interpretations shape their behavioral responses. Qualitative analysis based on 148 interviews with European police officers shows that officers make six different attributions about the causes of stakeholder critique, and that these have direct implications for their behavioral responses. In particular, these different attribution patterns are found to play a critical and hitherto unrecognized role in shaping police‐stakeholder relations and organizational learning among police forces.
Exploring the market risk profiles of US and European stock insurers
Authors: Grochola Nicolaus , Browne Mark J. , Gründl Helmut , Schlütter Sebastian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMarket risks account for an integral part of insurers' risk profiles. We explore market risk sensitivities of insurers in the United States and Europe. Based on panel regression models and daily market data from 2012 to 2018, we find that sensitivities are particularly driven by insurers' product portfolio. The influence of interest rate movements on stock returns is 60% larger for US than for European life insurers. For the former, interest rate risk is a dominant market risk with an effect that is five times larger than through corporate credit risk. For European life insurers, the sensitivity to interest rate changes is only 44% larger than toward credit default swap of government bonds, underlining the relevance of sovereign credit risk.
“Why would we take men? This is an OB/GYN”: Gender, hysterectomy, and the patriarchal dividend
Authors: Becker Andréa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHysterectomy experiences among transmasculine individuals represent a powerful case to examine gendered dynamics in healthcare, especially given the continued cultural association between the uterus and womanhood. In this paper, I draw on theories from feminist science and technology studies and medical sociology to examine in‐depth interviews with 46 trans or nonbinary individuals who have had, want, or are considering an elective premenopausal hysterectomy. I find that trans men and nonbinary patients must negotiate what I call the structural feminization of gynecology which often leads to poor healthcare experiences. This paper also extends theories of a “patriarchal dividend” in medicine by examining reported differences in medical experiences when patients are perceived as cisgender women versus as trans men or nonbinary. I find a double bind inherent in the patriarchal divided in healthcare: masculinity often leads to better care, but the patriarchal dividend is constrained by the stigma introduced by being a trans patient. In the process, I extend social scientific knowledge of a highly common yet understudied procedure while expanding scholarship on medicine, gender, and embodiment.
Infections after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T‐cell therapy for hematologic malignancies
Authors: Kampouri Eleftheria , Little Jessica S. , Rejeski Kai , Manuel Oriol , Hammond Sarah P. , Hill Joshua A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundChimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T‐cell therapies have revolutionized the management of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, and multiple myeloma but come at the price of unique toxicities, including cytokine release syndrome, immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome, and long‐term “on‐target off‐tumor” effects.MethodsAll of these factors increase infection risk in an already highly immunocompromised patient population. Indeed, infectious complications represent the key determinant of non‐relapse mortality after CAR‐T cells. The temporal distribution of these risk factors shapes different infection patterns early versus late post‐CAR‐T‐cell infusion. Furthermore, due to the expression of their targets on B lineage cells at different stages of differentiation, CD19, and B‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA) CAR‐T cells induce distinct immune deficits that could require different prevention strategies. Infection incidence is the highest during the first month post‐infusion and subsequently decreases thereafter. However, infections remain relatively common even a year after infusion.ResultsBacterial infections predominate early after CD19, while a more equal distribution between bacterial and viral causes is seen after BCMA CAR‐T‐cell therapy, and fungal infections are universally rare. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and other herpesviruses are increasingly breported, but whether routine monitoring is warranted for all, or a subgroup of patients, remains to be determined. Clinical practices vary substantially between centers, and many areas of uncertainty remain, including CMV monitoring, antibacterial and antifungal prophylaxis and duration, use of immunoglobulin replacement therapy, and timing of vaccination.ConclusionRisk stratification tools are available and may help distinguish between infectious and non‐infectious causes of fever post‐infusion and predict severe infections. These tools need prospective validation, and their integration in clinical practice needs to be systematically studied.
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MINI‐AC: inference of plant gene regulatory networks using bulk or single‐cell accessible chromatin profiles
Authors: Manosalva Pérez Nicolás , Ferrari Camilla , Engelhorn Julia , Depuydt Thomas , Nelissen Hilde , Hartwig Thomas , Vandepoele Klaas 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARYGene regulatory networks (GRNs) represent the interactions between transcription factors (TF) and their target genes. Plant GRNs control transcriptional programs involved in growth, development, and stress responses, ultimately affecting diverse agricultural traits. While recent developments in accessible chromatin (AC) profiling technologies make it possible to identify context‐specific regulatory DNA, learning the underlying GRNs remains a major challenge. We developed MINI‐AC (Motif‐Informed Network Inference based on Accessible Chromatin), a method that combines AC data from bulk or single‐cell experiments with TF binding site (TFBS) information to learn GRNs in plants. We benchmarked MINI‐AC using bulk AC datasets from different Arabidopsis thaliana tissues and showed that it outperforms other methods to identify correct TFBS. In maize, a crop with a complex genome and abundant distal AC regions, MINI‐AC successfully inferred leaf GRNs with experimentally confirmed, both proximal and distal, TF–target gene interactions. Furthermore, we showed that both AC regions and footprints are valid alternatives to infer AC‐based GRNs with MINI‐AC. Finally, we combined MINI‐AC predictions from bulk and single‐cell AC datasets to identify general and cell‐type specific maize leaf regulators. Focusing on C4 metabolism, we identified diverse regulatory interactions in specialized cell types for this photosynthetic pathway. MINI‐AC represents a powerful tool for inferring accurate AC‐derived GRNs in plants and identifying known and novel candidate regulators, improving our understanding of gene regulation in plants.
Population genetic structure and implication for adaptive differentiation of the snail (Gastropoda, Provannidae) in deep‐sea chemosynthetic ecosystems
Authors: Zhang Yu , Cheng Jiao , Sha Zhongli , Hui Min 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe snail Provanna glabra is a dominant species inhabiting both hydrothermal vents and cold seeps of the Northwest Pacific Ocean. The genetic diversity and population structure of the snail from the hydrothermal vents of Okinawa Trough and a methane seep in the South China Sea were investigated using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A total of 28,805 SNPs were screened based on 2b‐RAD sequencing. Substantial genetic differences between vent and seep populations were identified based on the two datasets with FST = 0.753 (COI) and FST = 0.109 (SNPs), respectively. The results of phylogenetic tree, ADMIXTURE and principal component analysis jointly supported the population differentiation. Outlier detection confirmed the local adaptation of P. glabras populations, and the annotation of these outliers revealed that they were closely associated with processes of signal transduction, immunity, DNA repair, transposable elements and biological development. The genetic divergence observed between hydrothermal vent and methane seep P. glabra populations might be induced by the geographic barrier, limited dispersal ability and natural selection imposed by local environmental pressures from different deep‐sea habitats, e.g. chemical composition, temperature and microbes. These results provide a genetic basis for the microevolution of snails inhabiting deep‐sea chemosynthetic ecosystems.
L‐theory of C∗$C^*$‐algebras
Authors: Land Markus , Nikolaus Thomas , Schlichting Marco 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe establish a formula for the L‐theory spectrum of real ‐algebras from which we deduce a presentation of the L‐groups in terms of the topological K‐groups, extending all previously known results of this kind. Along the way, we extend the integral comparison map obtained in previous work by the first two authors to real ‐algebras and interpret it using topological Grothendieck–Witt theory. Finally, we use our results to give an integral comparison between the Baum–Connes conjecture and the L‐theoretic Farrell–Jones conjecture, and discuss our comparison map in terms of the signature operator on oriented manifolds.
Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes Simulations of a Ducted Wind Turbine
Authors: Safford Drew A. , Wang Junfeng , Liang Chunlei , Visser Kenneth 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
An unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes model on body-fitted meshes in a commercial package (SimericsMP+) with a mismatched grid interface is used to study fluid dynamics around a ducted wind turbine. The model is validated by studying turbulent flow past a marine propeller. The nondimensional thrust and torque coefficients are compared against experimental data and results from a large eddy simulation model. Both coefficients are found to be within 3% of experimental results. Following this validation, the impact of different tip speed ratios on the ducted wind turbine's fluid dynamics is assessed. The optimal tip speed ratio is found to be the design value of 3.93 with a maximum power coefficient of 0.465 based on the duct exit area. The corresponding thrust coefficient is found to be 1.02 based on the rotor area. Lower tip speed ratios experience larger flow separation on the duct interior. Higher tip speed ratios decrease the size of the low-velocity region behind the hub. The ducted wind turbine's performance at design conditions is compared to an open rotor. The ducted wind turbine increases the power coefficient by 96% over the open rotor. The impact of hub size on the ducted wind turbine is also studied by simulating a smaller hub with 77% diameter. At the design tip speed ratio, the smaller hub has a power coefficient of 0.417. The maximum power coefficient is found to be 0.446 at a higher tip speed ratio of 4.5.
Comparison of Subspace Identification Methods for Modal Estimation of Bladed Disks
Authors: Jorajuria Corentin , Esteves Cécile , Gibert Claude , Thouverez Fabrice 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Bladed disks are critical parts of aeronautic turbojet engines requiring numerous dynamic analysis tests to fully achieve their design process. This work presents subspace state-space identification techniques for estimation of modal parameters of bladed disks using realistic although numerically generated test case data. Indeed, modal testing of bladed disks can exhibit high modal density leading to modal estimation issues. This study focuses on subspace state-space identification framework as it is an efficient way to process vector valued time series and thus to estimate modal parameters in a context of high modal density. In order to evaluate the techniques of interest, a versatile modal model has been specifically implemented to simulate data representative of full scale rotating aeronautic fan modal tests. This model is easily adjustable allowing to evaluate the identification methods in a more or less severe estimation context. The performance of the investigated methods is discussed and compared with the prescribed parameters of the model. Moreover, different techniques to estimate the order of the associated state-space model are reviewed and tested over several simulated configurations. Finally, a method to evaluate the uncertainties over the model parameters using covariance of estimator results and pseudospectrum computation is proposed and discussed over the investigated test cases.
Intermittency of Flame Structure and Thermo-Acoustic Behavior in a Staged Multipoint Injector Using Liquid Fuel
Authors: Truffot Marie , Renaud Antoine , Zimmer Laurent , Richecoeur Franck , Cayre Alain , Méry Yoann 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of the staging factor, the ratio between the fuel injected through the pilot stage and the multipoint injection, on the flame dynamic. The BIMER combustor is an atmospheric pressure rig equipped with two corotating swirling air injections (a fixed amount of around 87% of the air goes inside the multipoint stage) and two fuel injection paths for staged combustion. Liquid dodecane is injected with air preheated at 437 K with a global equivalence ratio of 0.6 and a thermal power of around 72 kW. The change of the staging factor from 100% (pilot-only injection) toward 0% (multipoint-only injection) generates changes in the flame-shape which bifurcates from an anchored V-flame into a lifted flame. This flame shape bifurcation appears at a staging of factor around 25%. Around this staging factor, one can witness multistable flames where the flame structure transits randomly between five different states. Processing microphone signals recorded in the chamber provides an understanding of the flame dynamics. The attached flame presents limited pressure fluctuations level at 270 Hz, while the lifted flame features high-pressure fluctuations at 323 Hz. The intermittency between the five states (including the two stable states) is investigated.
Automated Identification of Differential-Variational Equations for Static Systems
Authors: Li Chunjiang , Huang Zhanchao , Huang Zhilong , Wang Yong , Jiang Hanqing 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Data-driven equation identification for dynamical systems has achieved great progress, which for static systems, however, has not kept pace. Unlike dynamical systems, static systems are time invariant, so we cannot capture discrete data along the time stream, which requires identifying governing equations only from scarce data. This work is devoted to this topic, building a data-driven method for extracting the differential-variational equations that govern static behaviors only from scarce, noisy data of responses, loads, as well as the values of system attributes if available. Compared to the differential framework typically adopted in equation identification, the differential-variational framework, due to its spatial integration and variation arbitrariness, brings some advantages, such as high robustness to data noise and low requirements on data amounts. The application, efficacy, and all the aforementioned advantages of this method are demonstrated by four numerical examples, including three continuous systems and one discrete system.
Unsupervised Anomaly Detection via Nonlinear Manifold Learning
Authors: Yousefpour Amin , Shishehbor Mehdi , Zanjani Foumani Zahra , Bostanabad Ramin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Anomalies are samples that significantly deviate from the rest of the data and their detection plays a major role in building machine learning models that can be reliably used in applications such as data-driven design and novelty detection. The majority of existing anomaly detection methods either are exclusively developed for (semi) supervised settings, or provide poor performance in unsupervised applications where there are no training data with labeled anomalous samples. To bridge this research gap, we introduce a robust, efficient, and interpretable methodology based on nonlinear manifold learning to detect anomalies in unsupervised settings. The essence of our approach is to learn a low-dimensional and interpretable latent representation (aka manifold) for all the data points such that normal samples are automatically clustered together and hence can be easily and robustly identified. We learn this low-dimensional manifold by designing a learning algorithm that leverages either a latent map Gaussian process (LMGP) or a deep autoencoder (AE). Our LMGP-based approach, in particular, provides a probabilistic perspective on the learning task and is ideal for high-dimensional applications with scarce data. We demonstrate the superior performance of our approach over existing technologies via multiple analytic examples and real-world datasets.
A Systematic Review of Digital Interventions to Promote Physical Activity in People With Intellectual Disabilities and/or Autism
Authors: Van Biesen Debbie , Van Damme Tine , Morgulec-Adamowicz Natalia , Buchholz Aleksandra , Anjum Momna , Healy Séan 
Published: October 2023

This systematic review synthesized the literature on digital health interventions for the promotion of physical activity (PA) among people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism. From an initial screening of 553 records, 10 studies underwent full-text review. Data were extracted relating to study, intervention, and sample characteristics and PA-related findings. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool. There were mixed findings pertaining to the effectiveness of digital health interventions for promoting PA among these populations. Positive results were reported for three of five active-video-game interventions, two of three social-media-based interventions, and one of two e-learning/multicomponent interventions. Digital health interventions can potentially be effective for promoting PA among people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism. However, the large variation in the samples and intervention types and a reliance on pre- and quasi-experimental research designs suggest that inferences should be made with caution and additional research is needed.
Expression of RcrB confers resistance to hypochlorous acid in uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
Authors: Crompton Mary E. , Gaessler Luca F. , Tawiah Patrick O. , Polzer Lisa , Camfield Sydney K. , Jacobson Grady D. , Naudszus Maren K. , Johnson Colton , Meurer Kennadi , Bennis Mehdi , Roseberry Brendan , Sultana Sadia , Dahl Jan-Ulrik 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

To eradicate bacterial pathogens, neutrophils are recruited to the sites of infection, where they engulf and kill microbes through the production of reactive oxygen and chlorine species (ROS/RCS). The most prominent RCS is the antimicrobial oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which rapidly reacts with various amino acid side chains, including those containing sulfur and primary/tertiary amines, causing significant macromolecular damage. Pathogens like uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(UPEC), the primary causative agent of urinary tract infections, have developed sophisticated defense systems to protect themselves from HOCl. We recently identified the RcrR regulon as a novel HOCl defense strategy in UPEC. Expression of the
rcrARB
operon is controlled by the HOCl-sensing transcriptional repressor RcrR, which is oxidatively inactivated by HOCl resulting in the expression of its target genes, including
rcrB
. The
rcrB
gene encodes a hypothetical membrane protein, deletion of which substantially increases UPEC’s susceptibility to HOCl. However, the mechanism behind protection by RcrB is unclear. In this study, we investigated whether (i) its mode of action requires additional help, (ii)
rcrARB
expression is induced by physiologically relevant oxidants other than HOCl, and (iii) expression of this defense system is limited to specific media and/or cultivation conditions. We provide evidence that RcrB expression is sufficient to protect
E. coli
from HOCl. Furthermore, RcrB expression is induced by and protects from several RCS but not from ROS. RcrB plays a protective role for RCS-stressed planktonic cells under various growth and cultivation conditions but appears to be irrelevant for UPEC’s biofilm formation.

IMPORTANCE

Bacterial infections pose an increasing threat to human health, exacerbating the demand for alternative treatments. Uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(UPEC), the most common etiological agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs), are confronted by neutrophilic attacks in the bladder, and must therefore be equipped with powerful defense systems to fend off the toxic effects of reactive chlorine species. How UPEC deal with the negative consequences of the oxidative burst in the neutrophil phagosome remains unclear. Our study sheds light on the requirements for the expression and protective effects of RcrB, which we recently identified as UPEC’s most potent defense system toward hypochlorous acid (HOCl) stress and phagocytosis. Thus, this novel HOCl stress defense system could potentially serve as an attractive drug target to increase the body’s own capacity to fight UTIs.