bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spreading Cerebral Oligemia in Classical‐ and Normal Cerebral Blood Flow in Common Migraine
Authors: Olesen Jes , Lauritzen Martin , Tfelt‐Hansen Peer , Henriksen Leif , Larsen Bo 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISRegional cerebral blood flow was studied with intra‐arterial 133Xenon technique in 254 areas of a hemisphere during the development of classical migraine attacks in seven patients. We describe a gradual spread of reduced cerebral blood flow starting at the posterior pole of the hemisphere and advancing in a mode quite similar to the spreading depression phenomenon of Leao. In three patients the oligemia was preceeded by focal or perifocal hyperemia. Functional activation by speech etc. was usually impaired or abolished during prodromes or accompaniments. Headache was found concommitantly with cerebral blood flow reduction and cannot be caused by reactive hyperemia in these patients. Similar findings were made in two patients studied with tomographic 133Xenon technique. During induced common migraine attacks repeated cerebral blood flow studies with stationary detectors (N =3) and with tomographic technique (N =4) revealed no alterations of global or cerebral blood flow. Also tomographic determination of spontaneous common migraine attacks in four patients was normal. It is concluded that the two forms of migraine are different with respect to cerebral blood flow abnormalities and that they should be studied separately in the future. Greater interest should be directed towards the phenomenon of spreading depression as a possible model of the classical migraine attack.
Platelet Membrane Lipid Composition and the Frequency of Migraine
Authors: Oxman Thomas E. , Hitzemann Robert J. , Smith Robert 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSIS A variety of evidence associates abnormalities in platelet function with the development of migraine. Given the pivotal role of platelet membranes in these functions, it was proposed that migraine patients have abnormalities in their platelet membrane composition. To examine this hypothesis, platelet membrane lipid composition was analyzed in 16 migraine patients and 10 control subjects. The content of phosphatidylcholine, the amount of arachidonic acid in phosphatidylcholine, and the amount of unsaturated fatty acids in most phospholipids were significantly increased in patients with infrequent migraine as compared to controls or patients with frequent migraine. These results suggest that membrane lipid composition may play a role in the frequency and severity of migraine attacks.
Long‐term Study of Propranolol in the Treatment of Migraine
Authors: Diamond Seymour , Kudrow Lee , Stevens John , Shapiro David B. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISOut of 245 patients admitted to a two‐month single‐blind phase in a study with propranolol vs. placebo, 148 (72%) were propranolol responders. These responders were randomly assigned to propranolol or placebo for the following double‐blind phase. After four weeks, they opted to either (1) remain on the assigned drug for 6 to 12 months or (2) to switch to the other drug for 6 to 12 months. In either case, they then switched drugs for a final one or two months of the study.No tolerance was found in 80 patients who remained on propranolol for at least six months.Resurgence of migraine was analyzed in 75 patients who took propranolol for at least six months and crossed over to placebo. Thirty‐five patients (46%) continued to show the improvement achieved during propranolol therapy when it was discontinued and only 8 patients (11%) had rebound headaches. No serious complications were noted.
Single‐dose Pizotifen, 1.5 mg Nocte: A New Approach in the Prophylaxis of Migraine
Authors: Capildeo Rudy , Rose F. Clifford 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISSeventeen patients have taken part in a double‐blind, controlled, randomized, cross‐over trial, completing four months, two months on each arm of the trial, in which pizotifen 0.5 mg t.d.s. has been compared with 1.5 pizotifen at night. Sixteen patients improved significantly. No significant difference was noted between patients on 0.5 mg t.d.s. compared with 1.5 mg nocte but there was a trend to suggest that initially patients may respond better to the t.d.s. dosage but then maintenance would be more easily carried out on a once nightly regime of pizotifen 1.5 mg nocte. Weight gain appeared to be related to the t.d.s. dosage regime and if this finding is confirmed in subsequent studies then the single dosage at night would certainly be preferable to a t.d.s. dosage regime. We confirm previous studies which show that pizotifen is extremely useful in the prophylaxis of migraine.
Migraine Patients Exhibit Abnormalities in the Visual Evoked Potential
Authors: Gawel M. , Connolly J.F. , Rose F. Clifford 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISAn experiment is described which compared visual evoked potential (VEP) amplitudes and latencies in normal subjects and migraine patients. Several VEP abnormalities were found: at vertex and to a lesser extent at temporal sites, P100‐N120 amplitudes were larger in patients; at vertex and temporal sites N120 amplitudes were larger in patients; at temporal sites patients had larger N120‐P200 amplitudes but smaller P100 amplitudes. Peak latencies of the VEP were also found to be abnormal in patients. At vertex, patients had delayed N120 peak latencies while at temporal sites delays were found in the P200 latencies. Patients were subdivided according to side of headache. Right‐sided headache patients showed larger temporal P100 amplitudes and larger left temporal P100‐N120 amplitudes than bilateral headache patients.
Biochemical Predisposition to Dietary Migraine: the Role of Phenolsulphotransferase
Authors: Glover Vivette , Littlewood Julia , Sandler Merton , Peatfield R. , Petty R. , Rose F. Clifford 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISChocolate, cheese and citrus fruit are the most frequently cited provoking factors to which patients ascribe their dietary migraine. We review here the evidence that the monoamines they contain, particularly tyramine, might be causative and conclude that the case remains open. There is no evidence that patients classifiable within this particular subgroup of the disease have a deficiency of the monoamine metabolizing enzyme, monoamine oxidase.We report the new finding that dietary migraine patients have a relative deficiency of the enzyme, phenolsulphotransferase P, compared with non‐dietary migraine patients or controls. Phenolsulphotransferase is particularly active in the intestine where it probably serves to detoxify phenols by adding to them a sulphate group. The enzyme exists in two forms, which we have designated M and P. The M enzyme acts on monoamine phenols such as noradrenaline and tyramine. It is also somewhat reduced in dietary migraine but less significantly so than the P form. No endogenous substrate for the P enzyme has yet been identified but it acts on phenol itself and presumably also on a range of unknown phenols in chocolate, cheese and citrus fruit which are important "triggers" for dietary migraine.
Medical Evaluation of Migraineurs: Review of the Value of Laboratory and Radiologic Tests
Authors: Sargent Joseph D. , Solbach Patricia 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA total of 193 migraineurs underwent a medical screening for entry into a controlled, experimental migraine study. An isotope brain scan or a CT‐Scan, EEG, skull X‐ray, and laboratory tests, as well as a complete physical examination, were routinely done on each subject. Tests results were examined as to clinical usefulness in the screening for headache. It is the authors' conclusion that a CT‐Scan is the most effective screening test and, in most cases, the isotope brain scan, EEG, and skull X‐ray can be eliminated.
Acupuncture Treatment of Chronic Facial Pain ‐‐ a Controlled Cross‐over Trial
Authors: Hansen Per E. , Hansen John H. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISIn a controlled trial the effect of traditional Chinese acupuncture versus placebo acupuncture was evaluated in 16 patients with chronic facial pain (13 atypical facial pain, 2 atypical and I typical trigeminal neuralgia). All patients suffered from daily pain, the intensity of which was recorded by the patients over a period of 16 weeks. Each patient was treated by traditional Chinese acupuncture as well as placebo acupuncture in a cross‐over design following randomization. Each period of treatment comprised 10 treatments during two weeks of hospitalization.Traditional Chinese acupuncture was found to be significantly more pain‐relieving than placebo acupuncture according to the pain registration of the patients themselves and to their subjective preferences.
A Comparison of MMPI Personality Data and Frontalis Electromyographic Readings in Two Groups of Daily Headache Sufferers
Authors: Weeks Randall , Baskin Steven , Sheftell Fred , Rapoport Alan , Arrowsmith Fran 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISForty, daily headache patients were divided into two diagnostic categories ‐ chronic scalp muscle contraction headache alone and chronic scalp muscle contraction headache associated with analgesic rebound. Electromyographic readings from the frontalis muscle and personality data from selected scales of the MMPI served as comparison variables between the two groups.A second part of the study divided these headache patients into a high muscle tension group (the ten patients with the highest frontalis muscle readings) and a low muscle tension group (the ten patients with the lowest frontalis reading). This division was made regardless of the original group membership. Personality data in these two groups were compared.Results provided information regarding the relationship between the amount of medication taken by the patient, their degree of psychopathology as measured by the MMPI, and the amount of muscle tension recorded. Suggestions for future research projects were made.
Neck Musculature and EMG Biofeedback in Treatment of Muscle Contraction Headache
Authors: Hudzinski Leonard G. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISMuscle contraction headache is believed to result from sustained contraction of muscles involving the neck, scalp, and frontalis musculature. This study stresses the clinical importance of examining neck muscle activity in 16 subjects. Two questions are addressed: (1) Do subjects who in the process of treatment for headaches originating from the neck and who received EMG feedback from frontalis and neck musculature select the neck feedback site as more useful in the control of headache? (2) Is frontalis activity as measured by the EMG a measure of the level of activity in other portions of the skeletal system, namely neck musculature? Results indicate that neck involvement varies significantly among patients complaining of chronic muscle contraction headaches, and that a substantial number of subjects experience far more neck than frontalis activity and benefit from behavioral techniques applied to that area. Our findings indicate that attending specifically to neck tissue is a useful therapeutic goal. Consequently, post‐treatment results show significant reductions in neck tissue muscle activity, especially for patients reporting significant neck symptomatology and/or those with high levels of EMG neck activity who reported that behavioral techniques applied to the neck area were helpful for controlling the muscle activity related to their headaches.
The Pharmacology of Calcium Channel Antagonists: a Novel Class of Anti‐migraine Agents?
Authors: Peroutka Stephen J. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSIS,The calcium channel antagonists are a recently developed class of vasodilators that prevent the influx of calcium into vascular smooth muscle. The unique pharmacologic effects of these agents provide a theoretical basis for their use in the treatment of migraine. First, the calcium channel antagonists inhibit the actions of all vasoactive substances on intracerebral smooth muscle via a blockade of the "final common pathway" of cellular contraction. Secondly, the vascular effects of the calcium channel antagonists are selective for intracerebral versus peripheral vessels. Clinically, two specific calcium antagonists (flunarizine, cinnarizine) and two non‐specific antagonists (cyproheptadine, amitriptyline) are effective in the treatment of migraine. Further studies will determine whether the calcium channel antagonists, as a class of agents, are effective in the treatment of migraine and other forms of vascular headache. This novel class of vasodilators also provides a powerful tool for the critical evaluation of the vascular theory of migraine.
The Surgical Treatment of Chronic Cluster Headache
Authors: Watson C.P. , Morley T.P. , Richardson J.C. , Schutz H. , Tasker R.R. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThis article reports the results of 61 procedures performed on 20 patients and reviews the literature. The procedures consisted of 27 radiofrequency lesions, nine V root sections, five injections of local anaesthetic into the Gasserian ganglion, four greater superficial petrosal neurectomies, seven superficial temporal artery sections, six nerve avulsions and three alcohol injections. The authors conclude that:1) No one procedure gives consistent longlasting relief.2) Patients must have a full trial of medical therapy before considered for surgery.3) Radiofrequency lesions and nerve avulsion are reasonable first stage procedures.4) Both V root section and petrosal neurectomy appear to be useful as second stage procedures.
Symptoms of Vascular Headache Triggered by Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Solomon Seymour , Wisoff Hugh , Thorpy Michael 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA 23‐year‐old male presented with features of vascular headache (unilateral throbbing pain of brief duration and ocular site). Ipsilateral tingling and hypalgesia were noted over part of the face during the headache. Papilledema was prominent. Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and hydrocephalus were caused by aqueductal stenosis as noted in the computerized tomograms. Asymmetrical herniation of a cerebellar tonsil was noted in the angiograms. The patient's symptoms were relieved by a ventriculo‐peritoneal shunt. Although intraventricular pressure was not monitored, the brief duration of the headache and its associated symptoms are best explained by the effect of plateau waves of extreme intracranial hypertension. Asymmetrical tonsillar herniation causing traction of nociceptive vascular structures of the tentorium cerebelli and on cervical nerve roots can account for the focal nature of the headache and associated symptoms. The clinical features and theories of mechanisms of plateau waves are discussed.
Psychophysiological Reactivity in Migraine Following Biofeedback
Authors: Reading Clive 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISBiofeedback training is assumed to attenuate the psychophysiological effects of cognitive stressors. This study compared the effects of four varieties of biofeedback, namely, frontalis EMG, finger temperature, skin conductance, and false EMG feedback, in the treatment of severe migraine headache. Before and after treatment there was a psychophysiological assessment during attempted relaxation and during exposure to a variety of cognitive stressors. There was a statistically and clinically significant reduction in headache activity after treatment, with the four procedures being equally effective. Frontalis EMG biofeedback was superior to finger temperature, skin conductance, and false EMG biofeedback as a means of reducing scalp muscle tension, and showed some generalization to other physiological measures. There was no evidence that the physiological effects of the cognitive stressors were modified by any of the biofeedback procedures.
Menstrual Migraine Headache: Results of a Controlled, Experimental, Outcome Study of Non‐drug Treatments
Authors: Solbach Patricia , Sargent Joseph , Coyne Lolafaye 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISFemale migraineurs frequently report a severe migraine headache a few days prior to, during, or immediately following a menstrual period. Menstrual migraines were identified in a study of 193 migraineurs who participatedin a controlled, experimental, outcome study of non‐drug treatments for the control of migraine headaches. Participants were required to monitor their daily headache activity and drug usage for 36 weeks and were assigned to one of four groups: (1) No Treatment; (2) Autogenic Phrases; (3) Electromyographic Feedback, and (4) Thermal Feedback. Data were reduced and analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and covariance. There was a tendency for all groups to improve over the 36 weeks. No significant difference was found among the four groups in headache improvement.
Effect of Movement and Position in the Evaluation of Tension Headache and Nonheadache Control Subjects
Authors: Sturgis Ellie T. , Schaefer Carol A. , Ahles Tim A. , Sikora Thomas L. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThis study evaluated the effects of three positions (reclining, standing, sitting) and four movements (leftand right cervical rotation; left and right lateral tilt) on the frontalis, sternocleidomastoid, and trapeziuselectromyographic (EMG) responses of 12 muscle contraction headache and 12 non‐headache controls.While the headache group tended to show higher levels of muscle activity, position and movement effectswere much greater than headache group effects. Knowledge of kinesiology is required if one is tomeaningfully interpret muscular activity in the nonresting condition. The frontalis muscle was the musclewhich best discriminated headache and nonheadache groups. The reclining position was the position thatbest differentiated headache groups, suggesting an inability of headache subjects to relax even whenmuscle tension was not needed to maintain position. Results of the study have implications forassessments of muscular activity which deviate from the standard laboratory assessment which measuresonly frontalis EMG while the subject closes his eyes and rests in a recliner.
A Rapid Hypnotic Technique in a Case of Atypical Facial Neuralgia
Authors: Swerdlow Bernard 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA case report of a patient with a diagnosis of atypical facial neuralgia which was successfully treated with a rapid hypnotic technique is presented. After six months of intensive work up and treatment, the patient was seen and treated in one session and no longer requires any medication and reports 90% relief.The trance capacity is measured with the Hypnotic Induction Profile (HIP). A restructuring strategy for treatment and the ramifications of this technique will be discussed.Because the HIP rapidly predicts trance capacity, the physician is able to screen patients which may benefit from this modality in the treatment of pain.Hypnosis may be utilized in treatment as an adjunct or independently for organic disease and therefore should be seriously considered in the armamentarium of physicians treating headaches.
The Significance of Muscle Discrimination Training in the Treatment of Chronic Muscle Contraction Headache
Authors: Hudzinski Leonard G. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe present study was undertaken to determine if chronic muscle contraction headache subjects who received training in muscle discrimination during a headache treatment program that included the standard application of behavioral procedures would be able to relieve muscle activity more effectively than those subjects who received only the conventional program. Thirty‐eight subjects medically diagnosed as having muscle contraction headache were randomly assigned to one of the above treatment conditions or groups. Thirty subjects completed the ten‐week study and treatment program. Stimulus discrimination training, consisting of exercises involving muscles of facial expression, EMG biofeedback and differential reinforcement, was employed. Results indicated that both groups markedly improved. Although the amount of change between the two groups was not statistically significant, the direction of change improved for the experimental group who received the increased, intensified muscle discrimination training. The findings suggest that clinicians who emphasize muscle discrimination training with this type of headache will most likely achieve better results in the way of treatment outcome than without that emphasis.
Differential Efficacy of Biofeedback in Headache
Authors: Billings R.F. , Thomas M.R. , Rapp M.S. , Reyes E. , Leith M. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThis paper presents a retrospective study of 84 headache patients seen in the Behavioural Medicine Unit of Sunnybrook Medical Centre, of whom 53 were treated with biofeedback.Of the 84 patients assessed, half were tension headache and half were migraine. Both groups were treated in one of three ways:1. Frontal EMG FB only.2. Hand skin temperature (HST) only.3. EMG FB followed by HST FB.Assessment results showed the migraine group to have longer headache histories and more severe headaches than the tension group. The tension group had significantly higher frontal muscle tension than the migraine group, while the migraine group had significantly colder peripheral hand temperature. No differences were found in psychometric assessment data.EMG feedback results showed significant decreases in frontal EMG for both headache groups. Both groups showed a moderate improvement in headache at the end of treatment.HST feedback treatment results showed significant increases in peripheral temperature and a significant improvement in headache for those migraine patients who achieved a pre‐determined criterion level of performance. Non‐significant increases in skin temperature occurred for the tension headache group. HST feedback after EMG feedback did not provide further improvement for the tension group. The results are discussed in the context of the differential effects of treatment and highlight the importance of a “trials to criterion” training paradigm.
A Screening Procedure for Differentiating Temporomandibular Joint Related Headache
Authors: Ahlin Jeffrey H. , Atkins George 
Published: June 2005

SynopsisHeadache and facial pain are common complaints of patients seeking medical advice. Recurrent headache and temporomandibular joint related muscle spasms are frequent sources of patient cranial pain. This study suggests a procedure for differentiating temporomandibular joint related head pain from other forms of head pain and a mode of treatment that may be effective for TMJ related head pain.The results of a two year investigation indicate both vascular and muscle tension headache may be improved by orthopedic repositioning of the mandible. Although the study was not able to demonstrate a clear‐cut method for differentiating vascular from muscle tension head pain, differentiation from more serious organic pathology and/or underlying structural lesion may be effective.Forty‐two consecutive patients that complained of hemicrania were given a soft flexible plastic mouthguard to wear while sleeping. Those patients that reported fewer or less severe headaches after one to two weeks (40 out of 42) were then given an orthopedic appliance to reposition the mandible forward and increase the vertical interocclusal dimension.
Atypical Odontalgia: a Localized Form of Atypical Facial Pain
Authors: Reik Louis 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISEight patients with atypical odontalgia, a condition which causes long‐lasting throbbing pain localized to clinically and radiologically normal teeth and unrelieved by extensive dental treatment, are described. Atypical odontalgia is often accompanied by depression, appears to be related to both atypical facial neuralgia and migraine, and responds in most cases to antidepressant drug therapy and in others to treatment with vasoconstrictors. The importance of recognizing the condition in avoiding unnecessary dental treatment is stressed.