bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Levels of NfL, GFAP, TAU, and UCH-L1 as Potential Predictor Biomarkers of Severity and Lethality in Acute COVID-19
Authors: Salvio Andreza Lemos , Fernandes Renan Amphilophio , Ferreira Helena França Alcaraz , Duarte Larissa Araujo , Gutman Elisa Gouvea , Raposo-Vedovi Jessica Vasques , Filho Carlos Henrique Ferreira Ramos , da Costa Nunes Pimentel Coelho Wagner Luis , Passos Giselle Fazzioni , Andraus Maria Emília Cosenza , da Costa Gonçalves João Paulo , Cavalcanti Marta Guimarães , Amaro Marisa Pimentel , Kader Rafael , de Andrade Medronho Roberto , Figueiredo Cláudia Pinto , Amado-Leon Luciane Almeida , Alves-Leon Soniza Vieira 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFew studies showed that neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), total tubulin-associated unit (TAU), and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) may be related to neurological manifestations and severity during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The objective of this work was to investigate the relationship among nervous system biomarkers (NfL, TAU, GFAP, and UCH-L1), biochemical parameters, and viral loads with heterogeneous outcomes in a cohort of severe COVID-19 patients admitted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a university hospital. For that, 108 subjects were recruited within the first 5 days at ICU. In parallel, 16 mild COVID-19 patients were enrolled. Severe COVID-19 group was divided between “deceased” and “survivor.” All subjects were positive for SARS-CoV-2 detection. NfL, total TAU, GFAP, and UCH-L1 quantification in plasma was performed using SIMOA SR-X platform. Of 108 severe patients, 36 (33.33%) presented neurological manifestation and 41 (37.96%) died. All four biomarkers — GFAP, NfL, TAU, and UCH-L1 — were significantly higher among deceased patients in comparison to survivors (p < 0.05). Analyzing biochemical biomarkers, higher Peak Serum Ferritin, D-Dimer Peak, Gamma-glutamyltransferase, and C-Reactive Protein levels were related to death (p < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, GFAP, NfL, TAU, UCH-L1, and Peak Serum Ferritin levels were correlated to death. Regarding SARS-CoV-2 viral load, no statistical difference was observed for any group. Thus, Ferritin, NFL, GFAP, TAU, and UCH-L1 are early biomarkers of severity and lethality of SARS-COV-2 infection and may be important tools for therapeutic decision-making in the acute phase of disease.
Mapping the immunological battlefield in gastric cancer: prognostic implications of an immune gene expression signature
Authors: Meng Xianhong , Wang Daxiu , Sun Xueying , Yuan Jiangfeng , Han Jiwu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Gastric cancer (GC) is a heterogeneous malignancy with variable clinical outcomes. The immune system has been implicated in GC development and progression, highlighting the importance of immune-related gene expression patterns and their prognostic significance.

Objective
This study aimed to identify differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs) and establish a prognostic index for GC patients using comprehensive bioinformatic analyses.

Methods
We integrated RNA sequencing data from multiple databases and identified DEIRGs by overlapping differentially expressed genes with immune-related genes. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to uncover the biological processes and signaling pathways associated with DEIRGs. We conducted a Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to identify key gene modules related to with GC. Cox regression analysis was conducted to determine independent prognostic DEIRGs for overall survival prediction. Based on these findings, we developed an immune-related gene prognostic index (IRGPI) based on these findings. The prognostic value of the IRGPI was validated using survival analysis and an independent validation cohort. Functional enrichment analysis, gene mutation analysis, and immune cell profiling were performed to gain insights into the biological functions and immune characteristics associated with the IRGPI-based subgroups.

Results
We identified 493 DEIRGs significantly enriched in immune-related biological processes and signaling pathways associated with GC. WGCNA analysis revealed a significant module (turquoise module) associated with GC, revealing potential therapeutic targets. Cox regression analysis identified RNASE2, CGB5, CTLA4, and DUSP1 as independent prognostic DEIRGs. The IRGPI, incorporating the expression levels of these genes, demonstrated significant prognostic value in predicting overall survival. The IRGPI-based subgroups exhibited distinct biological functions, genetic alterations, and immune cell compositions.

Conclusion
Our study identified DEIRGs and established a prognostic index (IRGPI) for GC patients. The IRGPI exhibited promising prognostic potential and provided insights into GC tumor biology and immune characteristics. These findings have implications for guiding therapeutic strategies.
Isoliquiritigenin in combination with visceral adipose tissue and related markers as a predictive tool for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Mogna-Peláez Paola , Romo-Hualde Ana , Riezu-Boj José I. , Milagro Fermin I. , Muñoz-Prieto David , Herrero José I. , Elorz Mariana , Benito-Boillos Alberto , Monreal J. Ignacio , Tur Josep A. , Martínez Alfredo , Abete Itziar , Zulet M. Angeles 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent form of chronic liver disease in the world. New non-invasive diagnostic tools are needed to promptly treat this disease and avoid its complications. This study aimed to find key metabolites and related variables that could be used to predict and diagnose NAFLD. Ninety-eight subjects with NAFLD and 45 controls from the Fatty Liver in Obesity (FLiO) Study (NCT03183193) were analyzed. NAFLD was diagnosed and graded by ultrasound and classified into two groups: 0 (controls) and ≥ 1 (NAFLD). Hepatic status was additionally assessed through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), elastography, and determination of transaminases. Anthropometry, body composition (DXA), biochemical parameters, and lifestyle factors were evaluated as well. Non-targeted metabolomics of serum was performed with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF-MS). Isoliquiritigenin (ISO) had the strongest association with NAFLD out of the determinant metabolites. Individuals with higher concentrations of ISO had healthier metabolic and hepatic status and were less likely to have NAFLD (OR 0.13). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated the predictive power of ISO in panel combination with other NAFLD and IR-related variables, such as visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (AUROC 0.972), adiponectin (AUROC 0.917), plasmatic glucose (AUROC 0.817), and CK18-M30 (AUROC 0.810). Individuals with lower levels of ISO have from 71 to 82% more risk of presenting NAFLD compared to individuals with higher levels. Metabolites such as ISO, in combination with visceral adipose tissue, IR, and related markers, constitute a potential non-invasive tool to predict and diagnose NAFLD.
Synthesis of a nanocomposite with holocellulose extracted from barley straw and montmorillonite, and optimization of the removal of methylene blue dye using the synthesized adsorbent
Authors: Farzi Ali , Soltani Milad , Ostadrahimi Alireza , Soleimanzadeh Hamid , Namjoufar Mehran 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, holocellulose was extracted from milled barley straw with different mesh sizes using Laccase enzyme. After extraction, a dual composite was made using montmorillonite clay to remove methylene blue dye from synthetic effluent. Results of different analysis methods including scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and BET revealed that prepared nanocomposite presented desired specifications, and for smaller mesh sizes, derived holocellulose had higher quality due to high specific surface area. Response surface methodology was employed to reduce the number of experiments for methylene blue adsorption experiments and to achieve an empirical model for prediction of adsorption efficiency at different operating conditions. The effect of different factors including solution temperature, pH, initial dye concentration, and mesh size of milled barley straw on dye adsorption performance by prepared composite was examined. Maximum removal efficiency was obtained about 95% at temperature of 32 °C, pH of 8, initial dye concentration of 4 mg L−1, and mesh size of 70. Also, isotherm studies were performed on experimental data using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models and results revealed that the adsorption process follows Langmuir model with maximum predicted adsorption capacity of 159 mg g−1, which implies monolayer adsorption. Moreover, thermodynamic study revealed that adsorption of methylene blue is endothermic and spontaneous while enthalpy and Gibbs free energy of adsorption are positive and negative, respectively. Finally, adsorption kinetic study determined that the pseudo-second-order kinetics model with correlation coefficient of about 1 best fitted the experimental results which is the characteristic of chemisorption process.
Pathways and determinants of changing nutrient management in lowland rice-based systems of Southeast Asia
Authors: Becker Mathias , Clavero Richelyn , Maung Zar Ni , Khin Ohnmar Min , Kong Sichantha , Men Punlork , Regalado Manuel José C. , Ro Sophoanrith , Win Kyaw Kyaw , Pariyar Shyam 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProduction increases in lowland rice-based systems of Southeast Asia will not be possible without the addition of nutrients. Recent productivity gains were largely based on increasing the use efficiency of the applied nutrients through integrated and site-specific approaches. The adoption of such strategies has evolved differentially in the various country. We need to understand such recent trends, their driving forces, and their effectiveness to harness or leverage them for regional food security and sustainable development. To gain this understanding, we analyzed changes in fertility-related agronomic practices in six representative rice-based production systems of Southeast Asia (three favorable and three marginal sites). We implemented a diachronic survey (comparing the years 2000 and 2018) combined with field sampling and measurements in 1024 rice-producing households and, where applicable, in both dry and wet seasons (3638 complete data sets). We observed that soil fertility management followed similar trends across sites. However, the timing and the extent of changes were location specific, and differed primarily by the favorability/marginality of the site, and farmers’ capability to adopt technological innovations. The irrigated rice double cropping benefitted most from recent technology innovations (hybrid seeds, farm machinery), accelerating the adoption of improved fertility management practices to an aggregated level of up to 75% (mean across the six soil fertility-related management practices) at favorable sites. Most prominent were multiple splitting of mineral N and the application of mineral fertilizers other than N (P, K, Zn). At marginal sites, aggregate changes toward intensification were rather low with 35–55%, and farmers tended to intensify the non-rice component in the system by applying mineral fertilizers and organic amendments to dry season upland crops. A balanced use of nutrients will require the targeting of options to specific extrapolation domains (social-ecological target environments) based on site attributes and farmers’ resource endowment.
Barriers and Facilitators for the Donation and Acceptance of Human Breast milk: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mathias Edlin Glane , Patil Divya Sussana , Kolakemar Ashwija , Krishnan Jisha B. , Renjith Vishnu , Gudi Nachiket , Swamy Ravi Shankar , Brand Angela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Human milk is the best source of nutrients for all infants. When a mother’s own milk is unavailable, the World Health Organization suggests using donor human milk for premature neonates with or without medical complications. Exploring the barriers and facilitators for breast milk donation and its acceptability is essential for developing this intervention. A scoping review was conducted based on a methodological framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley (Int J Soc Res Methodol 8:19–32, 2005). A search was conducted in PubMed (NCBI), CINAHL (EBSCO), and Web of Science (Elsevier). A two-stage sequential screening process was adopted. Data extraction was done using a piloted data extraction form.

Recent Findings
We included 20 articles for narrative synthesis. Barriers and facilitators for donating and accepting breast milk were categorized under six themes: individual, family, community, workplace, health system, and policy-related. The common individual barriers were time requirements for BMD, personal dislike of the process, lack of knowledge, insufficient milk, negative opinions, and lack of information. Family stigma, negative rumors, less educated family members, and illness of a family member were identified as family-related barriers. Community-related barriers include cultural or religious unacceptable practices, societal taboos, and distance to milk banks. The major barriers identified in relation to the health system were lack of practical and psychological support, lack of information, storing and transportation issues, lack of knowledge among HCWs, and logistical challenges of creating a milk lab. The common work-related barriers were the lack of adequate time, philosophical objections, and incomprehension at returning to work. Policy-related barriers identified include the need for hygiene requirements, donation costs, and lack of standardized guidelines.

Summary
Making the donation process faster, providing pick-up services for donors, and community education and male partner engagement regarding breast milk donation could help to boost the acceptability of breast milk donation.
Frontal pyrometric snapshot measurements of the keyhole wall temperature in laser welding of pure aluminium
Authors: Pordzik R. , Mattulat T. , Woizeschke P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn deep penetration laser welding, the quality of the weld seam is strongly correlated with the process dynamics. Pronounced dynamics of the melt pool and the keyhole cause defects like pores and blow-outs which negatively affect the mechanical properties of the seam. The process dynamics are primarily governed by the fluctuations of the keyhole shape. Therefore, in order to avoid the occurrence of defects in the weld seam, it is necessary to gain control over the keyhole stability by understanding the underlying physical processes that contribute to its dynamics. Besides the intensity distribution of the laser beam on the keyhole walls, the keyhole wall temperature is a crucial influencing factor when it comes to the assessment of the local metal evaporation rate and the induced local recoil pressure acting on the keyhole wall. Using small high-melting tantalum probes as measuring channels, temperatures in the vicinity of the Knudsen layer at the keyhole front wall were measured at different depths below the sample surface by means of high-speed pyrometry. For this purpose, bead on plate welding was conducted at low process velocities in the Rosenthal regime using pure aluminium (EN AW-1050A) as substrate material. It is shown for different laser powers and process velocities that the melt temperature in the vicinity of the keyhole wall lies in the range of 3000 K ± 400 K, therefore intermittently exceeding the vaporisation temperature of the substrate material. Significant correlations between the keyhole wall temperature and the laser power as well as the measuring depth could not be identified.
Current role of perioperative intravenous ketamine: a narrative review
Authors: Khan Zohair , Hameed Malika , Khan Fauzia Anis 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to report on the perioperative uses of intravenous (IV) ketamine based on literature from the last five years (2018–2022). We searched MEDLINE, Embase and PubMed databases from 1st January 2018 till 15th September 2022. We primarily reviewed randomized control trials and systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses where IV ketamine was used as part of an anesthetic regimen perioperatively for general or regional anesthesia. We included studies with both pediatric and/or adult participants. We did not examine the quality of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) included in our review. Perioperative IV ketamine consistently reduced postoperative opioid requirement especially in the early postoperative period, however, the duration of this effect was variable in different surgeries and patient populations. This effect was seen in breast, obstetric, bariatric, and orthopedic surgeries. The effect was minimal in pediatric and thoracic surgeries. It has a valuable role in multi-modal analgesic regimen, especially in orthopedic and spine procedures. Considerable heterogeneity was noted with regards to the dosage of IV ketamine. Bolus doses ranged from 0.15 to 1 mg·kg−1 and infusion doses ranged from 2 to 5 ug·kg−1·min−1. Its role in prevention of chronic post-surgical pain is still under investigation. Intravenous ketamine also reduced postoperative depressive symptoms in specific patient populations. It also reduced shivering associated with spinal anesthesia. It has a potential role in prevention of emergence agitation and postoperative delirium. In conclusion, IV ketamine has a versatile range of beneficial clinical effects in perioperative practice. The most widely studied are its analgesic effects which are of variable intensity amongst different surgical specialties and subset of patients. Despite its long history of use, fresh uses of IV ketamine continue to be reported. More trials are needed to better understand ideal dosing and patient subsets that will benefit most from these effects.
Development of a context-specific trauma scale among a Palestinian adult population living amidst military violence
Authors: Mahamid Fayez , Veronese Guido , Bdier Dana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The current study aimed to develop a context-specific trauma scale in the Palestinian context. The sample of our study consisted of 490 Palestinian adults – 230 males and 260 females. Our scale ended up with 32 items to measure traumatic symptoms in the Palestinian context. Results of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis revealed a stable construct of a five-factor structure of the Palestinian specific-context trauma: (1) re-experiencing trauma, (2) avoidance and numbing, (3) hyperarousal, (4) somatic symptoms and (5) psychological symptoms. Reliability of the scale was further established by assessing the test–retest and internal consistency of all subscales. Convergent validity for the context-specific trauma scale was conducted by testing the association between the scale and two existing measures – the WHOQOL-BREF and the Impact of the Event Scale (IES-R). We recommend using our scale in empirical studies incorporating spoken or written disclosure about traumatic experiences. The scale should also be considered when working with clinical and non-clinical groups who have experienced politics-related trauma.
A two-phase pure slurry model for planetary cores: one-dimensional solutions and implications for Earth's F-layer
Authors: Wilczyński Fryderyk , Davies Christopher J. , Jones Christopher A. 
Published: November 2023

We develop and analyse a continuum model of two-phase slurry dynamics for planetary cores. Mixed solid–liquid slurry regions may be ubiquitous in the upper cores of small terrestrial bodies and have also been invoked to explain anomalous seismic structure in the F-layer at the base of Earth's liquid iron core. These layers are expected to influence the dynamics and evolution of planetary cores, including their capacity to generate global magnetic fields; however, to date, models of two-phase regions in planetary cores have largely ignored the complex fluid dynamics that arises from interactions between phases. As an initial application of our model, and to focus on fundamental fluid dynamical processes, we consider a non-rotating and non-magnetic slurry comprised of a single chemical component with a temperature that is tied to the liquidus. We study one-dimensional solutions in a configuration set up to mimic Earth's F-layer, varying gravitational strength$R$, the solid/liquid viscosity ratio$\lambda _{\mu }$and the interaction parameter$K$, which measures friction between the phases. We develop scalings describing behaviour in the limit$R \gg 1$and$\lambda _{\mu } \gg 1$, which are in excellent agreement with our numerical results. Application to Earth's core, where$R \sim 10^{28}$and$\lambda _{\mu } \sim 10^{22}$, suggests that a pure iron slurry F-layer would contain a mean solid fraction of at most 5 %.
The association between dietary intake of macro- and micronutrients and multimorbidity: a cross-sectional study in Cyprus
Authors: Kyprianidou Maria , Chrysostomou Stavri , Andreou Kosmia , Alexandrou Agni , Panagiotou Rafaella , Christophi Costas A. , Giannakou Konstantinos 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Research on the link between diet and multimorbidity is scarce, despite significant studies investigating the relationship between diet and individual chronic conditions. This study examines the association of dietary intake of macro- and micronutrients with multimorbidity in Cyprus's adult population. It was conducted as a cross-sectional study, with data collected using a standardised questionnaire between May 2018 and June 2019. The questionnaire included sociodemographic information, anthropometrics, medical history, dietary habits, sleep quality, smoking habits, and physical activity. The participants were selected using a stratified sampling method from adults residing in the five government-controlled municipalities of the Republic of Cyprus. The study included 1137 adults with a mean age of 40⋅8 years, of whom 26 % had multimorbidity. Individuals with multimorbidity consumed higher levels of sodium (P = 0⋅009) and vitamin A (P = 0⋅010) compared to those without multimorbidity. Additionally, higher fibre and sodium intake were also observed in individuals with at least one chronic disease of the circulatory system or endocrine system, compared to those with no chronic diseases in these systems (P < 0⋅05). Logistic regression models revealed that individuals with ≥2 chronic diseases compared to 0 or 1 chronic disease had higher fat intake (OR = 1⋅06, 95 % CI: 1⋅02, 1⋅10), higher iron intake (OR = 1⋅05, 95 % CI: 1⋅01, 1⋅09), lower mono-unsaturated fat intake (OR = 0⋅91, 95 % CI: 0⋅86, 0⋅96), and lower zinc intake (OR = 0⋅98, 95 % CI: 0⋅96, 0⋅99). Future research should replicate these results to further explore the intricate relationships between nutrient intake and multimorbidity. Our study's findings suggest that specific dietary components may contribute to preventing and managing multimorbidity.