bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep Apnea due to Kimura’s Disease of the Larynx
Authors: Okami Kenji , Onuki Junichi , Sakai Akihiro , Tanaka Rica , Hagino Hitoshi , Takahashi Masahiro 
Published: October 2003

Kimura’s disease is a benign chronic granulomatous disease which presents as a subcutaneous swelling in the head and neck area. The histopathological feature consists of granuloma-forming lymphoid follicles with eosinophil infiltration. Kimura’s disease of the larynx is very rare, and only a few cases have been reported. We report a 14-year-old boy who presented with sleep apnea. Laryngological study revealed a submucosal swelling of the bilateral false vocal cord. Histopathological examination showed lymphoid hyperplasia with marked infiltration of eosinophils, which was diagnosed as Kimura’s disease. After laser surgery, he had recurrent swelling of the false cord. The patient was given 30 mg of prednisolone, which was gradually tapered. The laryngeal swelling resolved, and the sleep apnea immediately improved after the treatment. However, a low dose of prednisolone was necessary to maintain the remission. Oral administration of pranlukast successfully supported the tapering of prednisolone.
Doing business on the Internet: advertising
Authors:   Tradewinds Harvard University
Published: October 2003

Business in cyberspace has become a global reality. This is fuelled by intelligent technology and ever-expanding electronic networks and business processes. One area of business on the Internet that is growing exponentially is marketing of products and services. Below are some selected excerpts of marketing ventures on the Internet taken from TRADEWINDS: a monthly round-up of Internet coverage in trade and industry magazines, published by Baker Library, Harvard Business School.
Absence of the left inferior thyroid artery: Clinical implications
Authors: Sherman Jonathan H. , Colborn Gene L. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractDissection of an adult male cadaver revealed an absence of the left inferior thyroid artery; its usual area of distribution to the thyroid gland was supplied by the right inferior thyroid artery. Absence of the left inferior thyroid artery occurs in 1–6% of cases. The inferior thyroid artery arises commonly from the thyrocervical trunk, passes posterior to the carotid sheath and supplies the inferior pole of the corresponding lobe of the thyroid gland; its branches can course anterior or posterior to or between branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. During thyroid surgery it is imperative to identify the relationship of the inferior thyroid artery to the recurrent laryngeal nerve or to establish its absence because injury to the nerve can be a major complication; awareness of significant variations of the surgical anatomy of the thyroid gland is vital for preserving the integrity of important structures. Clin. Anat. 16:534–537, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Benzotriazole: An Ideal Synthetic Auxiliary
Authors: Katritzky Alan R. , Rogovoy Boris V. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBenzotriazole is a synthetic auxiliary that offers many advantages. It is inexpensive, odorless, and stable. A benzotriazole group is easily introduced, activates molecules towards numerous transformations, and can be removed easily at the end of the reaction sequence. This Concept provides some recent examples of the synthetic application of benzotriazole methodology and is intended to draw attention to the versatile applications of benzotriazole in organic chemistry.
Theoretical Investigation of the Photochemical C2–C6 Cyclisation of Enyne–Heteroallenes
Authors: Spöler Carsten , Engels Bernd 
Published: October 2003

AbstractHerein we discuss computations that explain experimental results regarding a highly efficient triplet analogue of the C2–C6 cyclisation of enyne–heteroallenes recently discovered by Schmittel and co‐workers.1 To shed some light on the reasons for the differences found between enyne–carbodiimides, enyne–ketenimines and enyne–allenes, we have computed the reaction profiles of the C2–C6 and of the C2–C7 cyclisations for various model compounds, assuming that the reactions take place on the lowest‐lying triplet surfaces. Our results nicely explain the differences and the unexpected high efficiency found for the enyne–carbodiimides. The differences between enyne–carbodiimides and enyne–ketenimines prove to be due to differences in the shapes of the corresponding triplet surfaces. In contrast to the enyne–carbodiimides, for which our calculations predict that a direct cyclisation to the biradical intermediates should occur after the vertical excitation, the enyne–ketenimines relax into a local minimum on the triplet surface. As a consequence, further reaction channels are opened. Our computations indicate that enyne–allene compounds do not react because the necessary excitation energy lies outside the range of the employed triplet photosensitizer. Finally, the close agreement between our results and the experimental findings indicates that the underlying reasons for the differences in the photochemical behaviour of enyne–carbodiimides, enyne–ketenimines and enyne–allenes are related to differences in the electronic structures of the parent systems, while substituent effects are less important.
Radicaloid‐Type Oxidative Decomposition Of Beer Bittering Agents Revealed
Authors: Huvaere Kevin , Andersen Mogens L. , Olsen Karsten , Skibsted Leif H. , Heyerick Arne , De Keukeleire Denis 
Published: October 2003

Abstracttrans‐Isohumulones, dihydroisohumulones, tetrahydroisohumulones, and humulinones, which are important hop‐derived flavor components of beer, were found, by using electrolysis of organic solutions, to be stable against oxidation, like weak acids; however, they are readily oxidized in their anionic forms as present in beer. Oxygen‐ and carbon‐centered radicals were formed by oxidation and identified by using spin trapping under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, followed by EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) spectroscopy. Generated radicals were reactive, most likely degrading into products lacking the tricarbonyl chromophore; this is typical of five‐membered‐ring hop derivatives. Thus, flavor‐active beer constituents may degrade oxidatively in the absence of oxygen, thereby leading to reaction products that escape UV detection.
Cover Picture: Unusual Iron(III) Ate Complexes Stabilized By Li–π Interactions (Chem. Eur. J. 19/2003)
Authors: Mund Garry , Vidovic Dragoslav , Batchelor Raymond J. , Britten James F. , Sharma Rajendra D. , Jones Colin H. W. , Leznoff Daniel B. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe cover picture shows a representation of a bimetallic iron complex which contains an unusual salt bridge that is supported by Li–π interactions. This molecule, containing dianionic diamido ether ligands, is referred to as an “ate” complex, due to the incorporation of the lithium halide salt from the metathesis reaction—engraved in the iron‐rich earth below the bridge. “Ate” complexes are rare in late‐transition‐metal chemistry. The tetrahedral, high‐spin iron(III) centres are not magnetically coupled and are compared with related spin‐admixed diamido ether iron(III) halide dimers that do not form “ate” complexes. The iron(III) systems are reduced by LiR, LiPPh2 and LiNPh2 reagents to yield a variety of iron(III) products. The synthesis, structure, and spectroscopic investigations of the iron(III) ate complex and its reactivity is presented by D. B. Leznoff et al. on p. 4757 ff. The cover picture was created by Christopher A. Shorrock.
Density Functional Study of the Complexation Reaction of Sn(CH3)3X (X = F, Cl, Br and I) with Halide Anions
Authors: De Proft Frank , Vivas‐Reyes Ricardo , Biesemans Monique , Willem Rudolph , Martin Jan M. L. , Geerlings Paul 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe Lewis acid‐base reaction between Sn(CH3)3X and Y− (with X, Y = F, Cl, Br and I) has been studied using quantum chemical calculations. Complexation energies were calculated at the Density Functional Theory (DFT) level and rationalized on the basis of a local application of the hard and soft acids and bases principle. It was observed that smaller differences in the local softness of the interacting sites in the Lewis acid and base correspond to stronger interactions. Moreover, the calculated sequences in complexation energies can be reproduced using equations containing chemical concepts introduced within the framework of conceptual density functional theory and rooted in the hard and soft acids and bases principle and referring only to the reactants. A method of treating the electronegativity and softness of the halide anions is presented based on a Taylor expansion of the electronegativity of the neutral halogens and the softness‐polarizability proportionality. Experimental evidence for the calculated sequences was gathered from measured 117Sn chemical shifts and 1J (13C‐119/117Sn) coupling constant changes upon complexation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Cyclotetrapeptide Complexes of Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) by Template Synthesis from Dipeptide Esters with Functionalized Side Chains − Crystal Structure of [(cyclo‐Gly‐β‐Ala‐Gly‐β‐Ala‐4H+)Cu](PPN)2
Authors: Schapp Jan , Haas Katharina , Sünkel Karlheinz , Beck Wolfgang 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe cyclocondensations of dipeptide esters [Gly‐L‐Asp(OMe)2, Gly‐L‐Glu(OMe)2, L‐AspOMe‐β‐AlaOMe, β‐Ala‐L‐Lys(ψ‐N‐Boc,OMe), β‐Ala‐L‐Orn(ψ‐N‐Boc,OMe)] at nickel(II), palladium(II), and copper(II) templates give dianionic square‐planar complexes of deprotonated cyclotetrapeptides that contain functional groups in the side chains. The complexes with 14‐ or 16‐membered rings were isolated as [Ph3PNPPh3]+ salts. Hydrolysis of {[cyclo‐Gly‐Asp(OMe)‐Gly‐Asp(OMe)‐4H+]Pd}2− affords the tetraanionic complex [{cyclo‐Gly‐Asp(O−)‐Gly‐Asp(O−)‐4H+}Pd]4−(Li+)2(PNP+)2. The crystal structure of [(cyclo‐Gly‐β‐Ala‐Gly‐β‐Ala‐4H+)Cu](PPN)2 is also reported. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Pyrazolylboratozinc Complexes of Nucleosides and Nucleoside Analogues
Authors: Badura Dirk , Vahrenkamp Heinrich 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAttachment of deprotonated nucleosides or of alkylated nucleobases, as their analogues, to zinc was achieved by condensation reactions between TpZn‐OH complexes and nucleobase derivatives. Pyrazolylboratozinc complexes with derivatives of uracil, thymine, guanine, xanthine and hypoxanthine were obtained and characterized by structure determination. In the uracil, thymine, guanine and hypoxanthine derivatives, zinc is bound to the nitrogen atom which bears the proton in the nucleoside. In the xanthine derivatives all three possible bonding modes are realized. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Cover Picture: Chain‐Like Tetra‐, Penta‐ and Heptanuclear Cyanide‐Bridged Complexes by Attachment of Organometallic Cyanides to M2, M3 and M5 Units (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 20/2003)
Authors: Sheng Tianlu , Appelt Ralf , Comte Virginie , Vahrenkamp Heinrich 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe cover picture shows a chain of seven metal atoms parallel to a chain of Chinese friendship symbols (locks which people like to fix at high lookout points and then throw the keys down). The background photo was taken in the Chinese Huangshan mountains, but it relates to friendship grown in Fraiburg, Germany, and symbolizes a truly international scientific collaboration. As a result, the Chinese author of this paper has prepared the chainlike Fe−C−N−Ni−Ni−Ni−Ni−Ni−N−C−Fe complex, while the senior author is the godfather of his daughter, the energetic baby with the name Freia, pregnant with meaning. Details are discussed in the article by H. Vahrenkamp et al. on p. 3731 ff.
Intermolecular interaction in liquid dimethylformamide and its manifestation in Raman spectra
Authors: Tukhvatullin F. H. , Pogorelov V. E. , Tashkenbaev U. N. , Jumaboev A. , Hushvaktov H. , Seit‐Enon M. , Osmanov S. A. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe wavenumbers of peaks of parallel and perpendicular polarized components of the CO vibration band for dimethylformamide in the Raman spectra differ by 14.5 cm−1. The difference in wavenumber values decreases and falls to zero on strong dilution with CCl4 and dimethyl sulfoxide. A doublet structure of the band is observed in solutions with CCl4 in the 0.2 mole fraction concentration region. The above‐mentioned non‐coincidence of CO vibration band wavenumbers in pure liquid is explained by the complexity of the band, i.e. the presence within the band of two close and overlapped lines with different magnitudes of depolarization ratio belonging to monomeric molecules (high wavenumber) and aggregate formation. In a mixture at strong dilution there remains only one type of formation, and the band acquires a simple shape of a separate line, and the above‐mentioned wavenumber difference falls to zero. The experimental results are supplemented by ab initio calculations of normal vibrational wavenumbers and of some parameters for monomeric and dimeric dimethylformamide molecules. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of natural rubber latex on the conducting state of polyaniline blends determined by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Job A. E. , Constantino C. J. L. , Mendes T. S. G. , Teruya M. Y. , Alves N. , Mattoso L. H. C. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBlends possessing the elastomeric properties of natural rubber (NR) and the conducting properties of conducting polymer (polyaniline, PANI) were obtained, which are promising for further application in deformation sensors. Blends containing 20% (v/v) of PANI in 80% of NR latex were fabricated by casting in the form of free‐standing films and treated either with HCl or with corona discharge, which lead PANI to its conducting state (doping process). Characterization was carried out by Raman spectroscopy, d.c. conductivity and thermogravimetric analysis. Evidence for chemical interaction between PANI and NR was observed, which allowed the conclusion that the NR latex itself is able partially to induce both the primary doping of PANI (by protonation) and the secondary doping of PANI (by changing the chain conformation). Further improvement in the primary doping could be obtained for the blends either by corona discharge or by exposing them to HCl. The electrical conductivity reached in the blends was dependent on the doping conditions used, as observed by Raman scattering. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy of drugs: quantitative analysis of 1‐phenyl‐2,3‐dimethyl‐5‐pyrazolone‐4‐methylaminomethane sodium sulfonate: (dipyrone)
Authors: Izolani Antônio O. , de Moraes Milena T. , Téllez S. Claudio A. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractSeveral drugs provided by the pharmaceutical industry and containing dipyrone as the active principle have different mass percentages of the letter. We describe a procedure for the quantitative analysis of several tablets containing dipyrone (or other solid active principles). The results of Fourier transform Raman band analysis (band area and band height) agree well with the stated contents of dipyrone in the tablets. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and absorption/emission properties of novel poly(silylenearylenevinylene)s
Authors: Kwak Giseop , Sumiya Ken‐Ichi , Sanda Fumio , Masuda Toshio 
Published: October 2003

AbstractPolymerization of p‐(dimethylsilyl)phenylacetylene in toluene at 25 and 80 °C with RhI(PPh3)3 catalyst afforded highly regio‐ and stereoregular poly(dimethylsilylene‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene)s [cis‐ and trans‐poly(1a)s] containing 98% cis‐ and 99% trans‐vinylene moieties, respectively. The trans‐type polymers exhibited redshifts and hyperchromic effects in the ultraviolet–visible spectrum as compared with the cis‐type counterparts. Photoirradiation of cis‐ and trans‐poly(1a)s gave cis‐rich mixtures at equilibrium states. The trans and cis polymers exhibited different emission properties, for example—trans polymer, emissn λmax = 400 nm, quantum yield: 3.4 × 10−3 and cis polymer, emissn λmax = 380 nm, quantum yield: 1.5 × 10−3. Besides poly(1a), poly(dimethylsilylenearylenevinylene)s containing biphenylene and phenylenesilylenephenylene units [poly(3)] were prepared. The extent of conjugation in these polymers decreased in the orders of biphenylene > phenylene > phenylenesilylenephenylene as well as trans‐vinylene > cis‐vinylene. The quantum yield of the trans‐rich polymer with biphenylene moiety was fairly large and 0.15. Polyaddition of 1,4‐bis(dimethylsilyl)benzene and three types of diethynylarenes (4,4′‐diethynylbiphenyl, 2,7‐diethynylfluorene, and 2,6‐diethynylnaphthalene) catalyzed by RhI(PPh3)3 provided novel regio‐ and stereoregular polymers [poly(6)]. These polymers displayed blue light emission with high quantum yields (4–81%). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3615–3624, 2003
Simple anti-swing feedback control for a gantry crane
Authors: Aoustin Yannick , Formal'sky Alexander 
Published: October 2003

We propose a simple quasi time optimal control law for a gantry crane with a payload. The force applied to the trolley is a controlling parameter. The control law consists of two parts: a feedforward term and a trolley position and velocity feedback term.Initially, we synthesize the feedforward term and the corresponding reference trajectory by computing the time optimal control for the system mass center. The computed optimal control is a discontinuous function of time with several switching time instants. Undesirable large vibrations due to the payload sway appear under this control. Therefore, we transform this control, replacing its jumps by the piecewise linear continuous functions.
The computed feedforward term and the reference trajectory are used as input signals of the PD-controller.
Effect of captopril on prostacyclin and nitric oxide formation in healthy human subjects: Interaction with low dose acetylsalicylic acid
Authors: BÖGER RAINER H. , BODE‐BÖGER STEFANIE M. , KRAMME PETRA , TSIKAS DIMITRIOS , GUTZKI FRANK‐M. , FRÖLICH JÜRGEN C. 
Published: October 2003

1Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors have been suggested to act in part by potentiating the stimulatory effect of bradykinin on endothelial prostacyclin and/or nitric oxide (NO) formation. This may give rise to interaction with cyclo‐oxygenase inhibiting drugs like acetylsalicylic acid, which is most often used in low doses in patients with cardiovascular diseases. 2We investigated the effects of captopril (2×25 mg day−1), or ASA (1×100 mg day−1), or the combination of both drugs for 7 days, on blood pressure, prostanoid and NO formation rates in a double‐blind, double dummy, randomized crossover study in 13 healthy female subjects. The urinary metabolites of thromboxane A2 (2,3‐dinor‐TXB2) and prostacyclin (2,3‐dinor‐6‐keto‐PGF1α), and PGE2 were measured by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in urine on days 1, 6 and 7 of each medication. NO formation was assessed using urinary NO3− and cyclic GMP as indicators. 3Urinary 2,3‐dinor‐6‐keto‐PGF1α excretion was not significantly changed by either captopril, ASA, or their combination. Urinary 2,3‐dinor‐TXB2 excretion was inhibited by >80% by ASA alone or in combination with captopril (each P<0.05), but was not affected by captopril alone. Urinary PGE2 excretion was not significantly changed by either of the treatments. Urinary NO3− and cyclic GMP excretion rates were not significantly changed by captopril, ASA, or their combination. 4Blood pressure was slightly reduced by captopril. ASA had no effect on blood pressure when given alone, nor did it modulate the effect of captopril on blood pressure during co‐administration. Angiotensin II/angiotensin I ratio (index of ACE activity) was significantly decreased by captopril alone or in combination with ASA, but was unaffected by ASA alone. 5Captopril does not stimulate prostacyclin formation in healthy human subjects in a dose sufficient to substantially inhibit ACE activity. Co‐administration of ASA significantly inhibits 2,3‐dinor‐TXB2 excretion, but does not interfere with the blood pressure lowering effect of captopril in healthy human subjects.
The treatment of hypertension
Authors: CHALMERS JOHN 
Published: October 2003

1A ‘retrospective’ of the development of the drug treatment of hypertension is presented from the early days of ganglion blockers to the present time together with a review of the evidence of benefit from treatment. 2Current issues and debates are summarised including shortfalls in the control of hypertension in populations, difficulties surrounding the measurement of blood pressure, disagreement on the levels of blood pressure to treat, the goal blood pressures to aim at, issues surrounding lifestyle measures such as the low salt diet and low intensity exercise, and treatment with diuretics and with calcium antagonists. 3A ‘perspective’ is presented on some avenues for progress in the years ahead. These will include the identification of genetic markers to determine the hypertensive individuals with the greatest risk of death and of cardiovascular complications.
The pathophysiological mechanism of fluid retention in advanced cancer patients treated with docetaxel, but not receiving corticosteroid comedication
Authors: Béhar A. , Pujade‐Lauraine E. , Maurel A. , Brun M. D. , Lagrue G. , Feuilhade De Chauvin F. , Oulid‐Aissa D. , Hille D. 
Published: October 2003

Aims Fluid retention is a phenomenon associated with taxoids. The principal objective of this study was to investigate the pathophysiological mechanism of docetaxel‐induced fluid retention in advanced cancer patients.Methods Docetaxel was administered as a 1 h intravenous infusion every 3 weeks, for at least 4–6 consecutive cycles, to patients with advanced breast (n=21) or ovarian (n=3) carcinoma, who had received previous chemotherapy, 21 for advanced disease. Phase II clinical trials have shown that 5 day corticosteroid comedication, starting 1 day before docetaxel infusion, significantly reduces the incidence and severity of fluid retention. This prophylactic corticosteroid regimen is currently recommended for patients receiving docetaxel but was not permitted in this study because of its possible interference with the underlying pathophysiology of the fluid retention.Results Fluid retention occurred in 21 of the 24 patients but was mainly mild to moderate, with only five patients experiencing severe fluid retention. Eighteen patients received symptomatic flavonoid treatment, commonly prescribed after the last cycle. Specific investigations for fluid retention confirmed a relationship between cumulative docetaxel dose and development of fluid retention. Capillary filtration test analysis showed a two‐step process for fluid retention generation, with progressive congestion of the interstitial space by proteins and water starting between the second and the fourth cycle, followed by insufficient lymphatic drainage.Conclusions A vascular protector such as micronized diosmine hesperidine with recommended corticosteroid premedication and benzopyrones may be useful in preventing and treating docetaxel‐induced fluid retention.