bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth and competition between seedlings of an invasive plantation tree, Acacia mangium, and those of a native Borneo heath‐forest species, Melastoma beccarianum
Authors: Osunkoya Olusegun O. , Othman Farah E. , Kahar Rafhiah S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAn introduced plantation tree species, Acacia mangium Willd., is becoming invasive in the Brunei region of Borneo. To examine its invasive potential, a greenhouse, additive series experiment (target–neighbour) involving seedlings of A. mangium and those of a common native heath‐forest (kerangas), Melastoma beccarianum Cogn. was carried out under low and high light regimes in intra‐ and interspecific combinations over a 6‐month period. Significant variations in growth parameters (other than biomass allocation patterns) existed amongst seedlings from different treatments. A major part of this variation in growth could be attributed to the main factors of target species, neighbour species, and competition (seedling density). For the growth variables examined, the target–species response was not consistent across light regimes. Under high light conditions, Acacia was the better competitor; the Lotka‐Volterra competition coefficient effect of Melastoma on Acacia was lower (α=0.30) than the effect of Acacia on Melastoma (β=0.54). However, the reverse occurred under low light conditions with Melastoma gaining the upper hand (α=1.45 and β=0.44). These results show that light (and hence disturbance) can strongly influence the pattern and intensity of both intra‐ and interspecific competition between invasive and local flora species. Relatively intact forest is unlikely to be invaded by Acacia trees (as they are poor competitors under this scenario). On the other hand, the Acacia trees can easily invade disturbed forests, especially those prone to recurring drought and fire, and over time convert the habitats to nearly monospecific stands, as is presently being observed in Brunei.
Coping style and psychological health among adolescent prisoners: a study of young and juvenile offenders
Authors: Ireland Jane L. , Boustead Rebecca , Ireland Carol A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe current study explores the role of coping styles as a predictor of poor psychological health among adolescent offenders. It presents the first study to compare young and juvenile offenders. Two hundred and three male offenders took part: 108 young (18–21 years) and 95 juvenile (15–17 years) offenders. All completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐28) and a revised version of the Coping Styles Questionnaire (CSQ‐3). Young offenders reported using emotional, avoidant and detached coping styles more than juveniles. They also reported more overall psychological distress than juveniles, with a trend to report increased depression, anxiety and insomnia. For both young and juvenile offenders, emotional coping predicted increased psychological distress. This was consistent across different symptoms (i.e. somatic, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and severe depression). For young offenders, rational coping predicted a decrease in overall distress and was found across all symptoms. For juveniles, although detached coping predicted a decrease in overall psychological distress, across symptoms it only predicted social dysfunction. Increased rational coping was also found to predict decreased depression for juveniles. The study highlights differences between young and juvenile offenders regarding coping styles and how this relates to psychological distress. It highlights the complexities of trying to understand the coping‐health relationship in a prison setting and asks if such settings are increasing the potential for adolescents to over‐use coping styles that may not be the most effective.
Brief report: Acceptance of physical violence (APV) among adolescents in a Norwegian normal sample; statistical description of the assessment
Authors: Naevdal F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe article presents a psychometric description of 11 statements related to use of physical violence. The items were tested in a normal sample (, age: 15–16) from urban and rural areas in Western Norway. The internal reliability was , and the factor analysis resulted in two factors. Boys had higher mean scores than girls. Self‐reported violence was predicted by acceptance of physical violence.
Infection resistance of unreamed solid, hollow slotted and cannulated intramedullary nails: An in‐vivo experimental comparison
Authors: Horn J. , Schlegel U. , Krettek C. , Ito K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractInfection continues to be a problematic complication of fracture treatment, particularly in severe open fractures. The implant design and material as well as implantation technique play an important role in the pathogenesis of local infection. The aim of our study was to determine if the local resistance to infection of a cannulated IM nail is less than that of a solid nail and more similar to that of a hollow nail. In 65 female White Zealand rabbits, the intramedullary cavity was inoculated with matching concentrations of Staphylococcus aureus, and one of the three nails was inserted. The solid nail had a greater than twofold higher resistance to infection (23%) compared to that of the other two nails (hollow, 65%; cannulated, 61%) which was statistically significant (p < 0.2). No difference in infection resistance was detected between the hollow slotted and cannulated nail designs (p = 1). Although these experimental results may be clinically considered, direct extrapolation to clinical infection rates is ill advised. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Spectrally bounded 𝜙–derivations on Banach algebras
Authors: Lee Tsiu-Kwen , Liu Cheng-Kai 
Published: January 2005

Applying the density theorem on algebras with

ϕ
\phi

–derivations, we show that if a

ϕ
\phi

–derivation

δ
\delta

of a unital Banach algebra

A
A

is spectrally bounded, then

[
δ
(
A
)
,
A
]
⊆
rad
(
A
)

[\delta (A), A]\subseteq \text {rad}(A)

. Also,

δ
(
A
)
⊆
rad
(
A
)

\delta (A)\subseteq \text {rad}(A)

if and only if

sup
{
r
(

z

−
1

δ
(
z
)
)
∣
z
∈
A

is invertible
}
>
∞

\text {sup}\{r(z^{-1}\delta (z))\mid z\in A\ \text {is invertible}\}>\infty

, where

r
(
a
)

r(a)

denotes the spectral radius of

a
∈
A

a\in A

.
Fourier transforms having only real zeros
Authors: Cardon David 
Published: January 2005

Let

G
(
z
)

G(z)

be a real entire function of order less than

2
2

with only real zeros. Then we classify certain distribution functions

F
F

such that the Fourier transform

H
(
z
)
=

∫

−
∞

∞

G
(
i
t
)

e

i
z
t

d
F
(
t
)

H(z)=\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }G(it)e^{izt}\,dF(t)

has only real zeros.
A vectorial inverse nodal problem
Authors: Cheng Yan-Hsiou , Shieh Chung-Tsun , Law C. 
Published: January 2005

Consider the vectorial Sturm-Liouville problem:
\[

{

−

y

(
x
)
+
P
(
x
)

y

(
x
)
=
λ

I

d

y

(
x
)
A

y

(
0
)
+

I

d

y

′

(
0
)
=

0

B

y

(
1
)
+

I

d

y

′

(
1
)
=

0

\left \{\begin {array}{l} -{\mathbf y}(x)+P(x){\mathbf y}(x) = \lambda I_{d}{\mathbf y}(x) A{\mathbf y}(0)+I_{d}{\mathbf y}’(0)={\mathbf 0} B{\mathbf y}(1)+I_{d}{\mathbf y}’(1)={\mathbf 0} \end {array}\right .

\]
where

P
(
x
)
=
[

p

i
j

(
x
)

]

i
,
j
=
1

d

P(x)=[p_{ij}(x)]_{i,j=1}^{d}

is a continuous symmetric matrix-valued function defined on

[
0
,
1
]

[0,1]

, and

A
A

and

B
B

are

d
×
d

d\times d

real symmetric matrices. An eigenfunction

y

(
x
)

{\mathbf y}(x)

of the above problem is said to be of type (CZ) if any isolated zero of its component is a nodal point of

y

(
x
)

{\mathbf y}(x)

. We show that when

d
=
2

d=2

, there are infinitely many eigenfunctions of type (CZ) if and only if

(
P
(
x
)
,
A
,
B
)

(P(x), A, B)

are simultaneously diagonalizable. This indicates that

(
P
(
x
)
,
A
,
B
)

(P(x), A, B)

can be reconstructed when all except a finite number of eigenfunctions are of type (CZ). The results supplement a theorem proved by Shen-Shieh (the second author) for Dirichlet boundary conditions. The proof depends on an eigenvalue estimate, which seems to be of independent interest.
A counterexample to the existence of a local plurisubharmonic peak function at infinity
Authors: Park Sung-Hee 
Published: January 2005

We give an example of an unbounded pseudoconvex Reinhardt domain in

C

n

,

n
≥
4

\mathbb {C}^n,\ n\ge 4

, which is Kobayashi complete but admits no local plurisubharmonic peak function at infinity.
Some estimates of norms of random matrices
Authors: Latała Rafał 
Published: January 2005

We show that for any random matrix

(

X

i
j

)

(X_{ij})

with independent mean zero entries
\[

E

‖
(

X

i
j

)
‖
≤
C

(

max

i

∑

j

E

X

i
j

2

+

max

j

∑

i

E

X

i
j

2

+

∑

i
j

E

X

i
j

4

4

)

,

\mathbf {E}\|(X_{ij})\|\leq C \Big (\max _{i}\sqrt {\sum _{j}\mathbf {E} X_{ij}^{2}}+ \max _{j}\sqrt {\sum _{i}\mathbf {E} X_{ij}^{2}}+ \sqrt [4]{\sum _{ij} \mathbf {E} X_{ij}^{4}} \Big ),

\]
where

C
C

is some universal constant.
Impact of Anesthesia Management Characteristics on Severe Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: Arbous M Sesmu , Meursing Anneke E. E. , van Kleef Jack W. , de Lange Jaap J. , Spoormans Huub H. A. J. M. , Touw Paul , Werner Frans M. , Grobbee Diederick E. 
Published: January 2005

Background
Quantitative estimates of how anesthesia management impacts perioperative morbidity and mortality are limited. The authors performed a study to identify risk factors related to anesthesia management for 24-h postoperative severe morbidity and mortality.

Methods
A case-control study was performed of all patients undergoing anesthesia (1995-1997). Cases were patients who either remained comatose or died during or within 24 h of undergoing anesthesia. Controls were patients who neither remained comatose nor died during or within 24 hours of undergoing anesthesia. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire, the anesthesia and recovery form. Odds ratios were calculated for risk factors, adjusted for confounders.

Results
The cohort comprised 869,483 patients; 807 cases and 883 controls were analyzed. The incidence of 24-h postoperative death was 8.8 (95% confidence interval, 8.2-9.5) per 10,000 anesthetics. The incidence of coma was 0.5 (95% confidence interval, 0.3-0.6). Anesthesia management factors that were statistically significantly associated with a decreased risk were: equipment check with protocol and checklist (odds ratio, 0.64), documentation of the equipment check (odds ratio, 0.61), a directly available anesthesiologist (odds ratio, 0.46), no change of anesthesiologist during anesthesia (odds ratio, 0.44), presence of a full-time working anesthetic nurse (odds ratio, 0.41), two persons present at emergence (odds ratio, 0.69), reversal of anesthesia (for muscle relaxants and the combination of muscle relaxants and opiates; odds ratios, 0.10 and 0.29, respectively), and postoperative pain medication as opposed to no pain medication, particularly if administered epidurally or intramuscularly as opposed to intravenously.

Conclusions
Mortality after surgery is substantial and an association was established between perioperative coma and death and anesthesia management factors like intraoperative presence of anesthesia personnel, administration of drugs intraoperatively and postoperatively, and characteristics of delivered intraoperative and postoperative anesthetic care.
Effects of Epidural Saline Injection on Cerebrospinal Fluid Volume and Velocity Waveform
Authors: Higuchi Hideyuki , Adachi Yushi , Kazama Tomiei 
Published: January 2005

Background
The phenomenon of epidural "top-up" (increased spread of local anesthetic due to epidural fluid injection) is explained partly by an epidural volume effect. This study was designed to investigate the change in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume and velocity waveform induced by epidural saline injection.

Methods
(1) Lumbar epidural catheters were placed in 28 patients. Magnetic resonance images were obtained for measurements of lumbosacral CSF volume and velocity waveform. Saline was injected into the epidural space through the catheter to three groups of randomly assigned patients: 5-ml saline (n = 10), 10-ml saline (n = 9), and 15-ml saline (n = 9) groups. A repeat image series was performed after epidural injection to compare CSF volume and velocity waveform before and after epidural injection. (2) We also examined the time course of dural sac compression after epidural saline injection in a separate series. Seven axial images at disk levels from T11-T12 to L5-S1 were obtained before injection and 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min after 10-ml saline injection to compare each dural area before and after injection.

Results
(1) Saline injected through the epidural catheter compressed the dural sac with variability of the extent of compression, resulting in a significantly decreased CSF volume in all patients (P <== 0.001). The mean reductions in CSF volume were 2.0 +/- 1.0 ml in the 5-ml group, 4.4 +/- 1.4 in the 10-ml group, and 7.2 +/- 2.6 in the 15-ml group. There were significant differences among the three groups (P < 0.05 approximately 0.001). After the saline injection, the synchronization between the CSF velocity waveform and the cardiac cycle disappeared in significantly more patients in the 10-ml group (7 of 9 patients) than in the other groups (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant relation between measures of CSF velocity waveform and dural area in any patient. (2) The maximum reduction of the sum of the total of seven disk areas occurred 5 min after epidural saline injection; thereafter, dural compression was gradually restored but did not return to the value before injection for 30 min.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that the reduction in CSF volume was injection-volume dependent, dural compression lasted at least 30 min after saline injection, and the changes of the CSF flow dynamics did not correlate with the degree of dural sac compression.
Effects of Intraoperative Blood Salvage on Leukocyte Recruitment to the Endothelium
Authors: Nohé Boris , Ries Reiner , Ploppa Annette , Zanke Christof , Eichner Martin , Unertl Klaus , Dieterich Hans-Jürgen 
Published: January 2005

Background
The contamination of salvaged wound blood with activated leukocytes has been suspected to play a role in leukocyte-mediated tissue injury by increased adhesion to the endothelium. To verify this hypothesis, the authors performed a clinical study to examine the effects of blood salvage on leukocyte-endothelial interactions.

Methods
Expression of L-selectin, CD18, and CD11b and leukocyte adhesion to activated endothelium from human umbilical veins were measured in 25 patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery. Adhesion of fluorescently labeled leukocytes was examined in a flow chamber at shear rates of 50-1,600 s. Comparisons were made between samples from venous blood and from processed salvaged wound blood (SWB).

Results
At 30% hematocrit, SWB contained 2,162 +/- 147 leukocytes/microl. In comparison with venous blood, CD11b was up-regulated in SWB 1.3- to 3.6-fold on monocytes and neutrophils, whereas L-selectin and CD18 decreased on monocytes by 53% and 15%, respectively (P < 0.05). Despite up-regulation of CD11b, firm adhesion was significantly reduced by 74-76% in SWB. Rolling fractions and rolling velocities were significantly higher in SWB, and their relation to shear rate was markedly altered (P < 0.01). In addition, adherent leukocytes from SWB were significantly less resistant to increments of shear rate than leukocytes from venous blood (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
Despite up-regulated CD11b, integrin-mediated adhesion is markedly impaired in salvaged blood. Therefore, the effect of blood salvage cannot be predicted from cell surface expression but rather from functional assays. The former hypothesis, that leukocytes from SWB aggravate leukocyte-mediated tissue injury by increased adhesion, may not be as great a concern as previously suggested.
Hemodynamic Changes after Protamine Administration
Authors: Welsby Ian J. , Newman Mark F. , Phillips-Bute Barbara , Messier Robert H. , Kakkis Emil D. , Stafford-Smith Mark 
Published: January 2005

Background
Protamine sulfate is standard therapy to reverse heparin anticoagulation. Hemodynamic responses to protamine are common, ranging from minor perturbations to cardiovascular collapse. Although severe fatal reactions occur, the relation of less extreme responses with postoperative mortality is unknown. Therefore, the authors tested the hypothesis that hemodynamic "protamine reactions" (systemic hypotension and pulmonary hypertension) are associated with mortality after cardiac surgery.

Methods
In a university hospital setting, the authors studied 6,921 coronary bypass patients using automated anesthesia record-keeping data and quality assurance databases. Degree/duration integrals of systemic hypotension (< 100 mmHg) and pulmonary hypertension (> 30 mmHg) for the 30-min after protamine administration were assessed for linear associations with mortality using multiple logistic regression models adjusting for risk factors.

Results
Overall mortality was 2%; greater hemodynamic responses were associated with increased mortality by odds ratios of 1.28 (systemic hypotension: 95% confidence interval, 1.14-1.43; P < 0.001) and 1.27 (pulmonary hypertension: 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.48; P < 0.001) per 150-mmHg . min increment. Proximity of the response to protamine administration strengthened the relation, which persisted after exclusion of major hemodynamic disturbances. Tests for linearity confirmed an association even at the lowest range of values for both pressure effects.

Conclusions
Hemodynamic perturbations after protamine administration are independently related to in-hospital mortality after primary coronary artery bypass surgery; the relation is present even in the lowest observed range of values for both systemic hypotension and pulmonary hypertension. Although randomized trials are necessary to address causality, this evidence suggests that strategies that avoid or attenuate these reactions may improve patient care.
Mechanical Ventilation Affects Lung Function and Cytokine Production in an Experimental Model of Endotoxemia
Authors: Brégeon Fabienne , Delpierre Stéphane , Chetaille Bruno , Kajikawa Osamu , Martin Thomas R , Autillo-Touati Amapola , Jammes Yves , Pugin Jérôme 
Published: January 2005

Background
Mechanical ventilation using tidal volumes around 10 ml/kg and zero positive end-expiratory pressure is still commonly used in anesthesia. This strategy has been shown to aggravate lung injury and inflammation in preinjured lungs but not in healthy lungs. In this study, the authors investigated whether this strategy would result in lung injury during transient endotoxemia in the lungs of healthy animals.

Methods
Volume-controlled ventilation with a tidal volume of 10 ml/kg and zero positive end-expiratory pressure was applied in two groups of anesthetized-paralyzed rabbits receiving either intravenous injection of 5 mug/kg Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (n = 10) or saline (n = 10) 2 h after the start of mechanical ventilation. The third group consisted of 10 spontaneously breathing anesthetized animals receiving lipopolysaccharide. Anesthesia was then continued for 4 h in the three groups while the ventilatory modes were maintained unchanged. Lung injury was studied using blood gases, respiratory physiologic variables, analysis of the bronchoalveolar lavage cell counts, and cytokine concentrations and lung pathologic examination.

Results
Significant histologic lung alterations, hypoxemia, and altered lung mechanics were observed in rabbits treated with mechanical ventilation and intravenous lipopolysaccharide but not in the mechanically ventilated animals injected with saline or in spontaneously breathing animals treated with lipopolysaccharide. Endotoxemic ventilated animals also had significantly more lung inflammation as assessed by the alveolar concentration of neutrophils, and the concentrations of the chemokines interleukin 8 and growth-related oncogen alpha.

Conclusions
These results showed that positive-pressure mechanical ventilation using a tidal volume of 10 ml/kg and zero positive end-expiratory pressure was harmful in the setting of endotoxemia, suggesting that the use of this ventilator strategy in the operating room may predispose to lung injury when endotoxemia occurs.
Continuous Monitoring of Cerebrospinal Fluid Oxygen Tension in Relation to Motor Evoked Potentials during Spinal Cord Ischemia in Pigs
Authors: Lips Jeroen , de Haan Peter , Bouma Gert Joan , Holman Rebecca , van Dongen Eric , Kalkman Cor J. 
Published: January 2005

Background
Perioperative assessment of spinal cord oxygenation might guide measures to prevent neurologic deficits secondary to ischemic or traumatic damage of the spinal cord. Although cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) partial pressure of oxygen (Po2) measurement has been used to detect spinal cord ischemia (SCI), the diagnostic value and the temporal resolution of CSF Po2 measurement compared with functional assessment of the spinal cord is unknown. This study compared CSF Po2 with transcranial motor evoked potentials (tcMEPs) for detection of experimental SCI.

Methods
The aorta and segmental arteries were exposed in 10 sufentanil-ketamine-anesthetized pigs (weight, 40-50 kg). Myogenic tcMEPs were recorded from the upper and lower limbs, and continuous assessment of CSF Po2 was provided by two Clark-type microcatheters inserted in the lumbar and thoracic intrathecal space. Graded lumbar SCI was produced by sequential clamping of segmental arteries. The relation between CSF Po2 and tcMEP during graded SCI was determined using linear regression. Diagnostic characteristics of CSF Po2 values for clinical SCI were determined using different cutoff points of CSF Po2.

Results
Lumbar CSF Po2 (baseline, 44 [interquartile range, 38-54] mmHg) decreased below 50% in all animals and was linearly related to loss of tcMEP amplitude in all animals. The median lumbar CSF Po2 during reduction of tcMEP to less than 25% of baseline was 11 (4-29) mmHg, whereas thoracic CSF Po2 remained constant (40 [28-50] mmHg). During absence of the tcMEP signal, lumbar CSF Po2 was less than 20 mmHg in 80% of the animals. Optimal sensitivity and predictive values of CSF Po2 measurement for SCI were in the range of 40-60% of baseline.

Conclusions
The data indicate that intrathecal Po2 measurement is a sensitive monitoring technique to track real-time changes in local spinal cord oxygenation. Continuous monitoring of CSF Po2 might be applied for evaluation of patients who are at risk for direct or secondary SCI.