bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subclinical Upper Eyelid Ptosis in Asian Patients: The Role of Levator Advancement in Optimizing Outcomes in “Cosmetic” Upper Blepharoplasty
Authors: Wong Chin-Ho , Hsieh Michael Ku Hung , Mendelson Bryan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Subclinical ptosis is prevalent in Asian patients presenting for aesthetic upper blepharoplasty. To achieve predictable and satisfactory results in these patients, addressing the ptosis component is critical. In this paper, we present a precision levator advancement technique that enabled us to predictably incorporate the levator advancement into our upper blepharoplasty to deliver more predictable results in these patients.

Materials and Methods
Asian patients with normal or near normal margin to reflex distance 1 (MRD 1 of ≥ 3.5 mm) and symptoms and signs of straining of the frontalis with eyelid opening were diagnosed with subclinical upper eyelid ptosis and included in this prospective study. The advancement required was estimated pre-operatively using a formula that we developed. Our surgical technique is presented in detail here, and our long-term results were analysed.

Results
From December 2019 to August 2022, 97 patients were included in this study. Sixty-five patients were primary cases and 32 were revision cases. The mean follow-up was 15 months. Of the 192 eyelids analysed, our formula was able to correctly identify the required fixation location in 69% of eyelids. In majority of the eyelids (94%), the correct location of fixation location within +/− 1 mm of the estimated location. All patients (100%) were satisfied with their long-term results. Our revision rate was 3%.

Conclusions
Incorporating a precisely done levator advancement into the upper blepharoplasty in patients with subclinical ptosis is critical for optimizing the aesthetic and functional outcomes. This approach has enabled us to perform this procedure greater predictably in this group of patients.

Level of Evidence III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
The spectrum of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in Western Australia: epidemiological characteristics and mortality over time
Authors: Nossent Johannes , Keen Helen , Preen David B. , Inderjeeth Charles A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo determine long term overall and subgroup specific incidence rates and associated mortality for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) in a population wide study. We included patients hospitalised between 1980 and 2015 with incident IIM as defined by relevant diagnostic codes for dermatomyositis (DM) polymyositis (PM), inclusion body myositis (IBM), other IIM and overlap myositis (OM) in the Western Australia Health Hospital Morbidity Data Collection (n = 846). Trends over time for annual incidence rate per million population (AIR) were analysed by least square regression and Kaplan–Meier survival and mortality rates (MR)/100 person years compared with a matched control group (n = 3681). The averaged AIR for all IIM was 19 (CI 10.4–27.5) and stable over time with point prevalence reaching 205.3 (CI 185.6–226.6) per million in 2015. Over time, the AIR for DM 5.0 (CI 0.6–9.4) and IBM 3.3 (CI 0.7–9.6) was stable, while AIR decreased for PM (p < 0.01) and increased for other IIM (p < 0.01) and OM (p < 0.01). IBM patients were eldest at diagnosis (68 years, CI 59–77) with male preponderance in IBM (53.4%) and other IIM (55.8%) groups. Crude mortality (54.5 vs 41.3%), MR ratio (6.65 vs 5.91) and 5 (65.8% vs 71.6%) and 10-year (52.5% vs 58.7%) survival were all worse for IIM patients (all p < 0.05). IBM patients had highest MR (10.1; CI 8.38–12.14) and lowest 10-year survival (39.2%). While cardiovascular disease and cancer were predominant causes of death, they were proportionally lower in IIM patients, where respiratory and rheumatic disease were more frequent causes of death. While the overall incidence of IIM in WA was stable over 35 years, the spectrum of IIM has changed significantly with increases especially in other IIM and OM. The overall prognosis with IIM remains guarded with 10-year survival just over 50%.
Effect of a resistance exercise at acute moderate altitude on muscle health biomarkers
Authors: Pérez-Regalado Sergio , León Josefa , Padial Paulino , Benavente Cristina , Puentes-Pardo Jose D. , Almeida Filipa , Feriche Belén 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe intensification of the stress response during resistance training (RT) under hypoxia conditions could trigger unwanted effects that compromise muscle health and, therefore, the ability of the muscle to adapt to longer training periods. We examined the effect of acute moderate terrestrial hypoxia on metabolic, inflammation, antioxidant capacity and muscle atrophy biomarkers after a single RT session in a young male population. Twenty healthy volunteers allocated to the normoxia (N < 700 m asl) or moderate altitude (HH = 2320 m asl) group participated in this study. Before and throughout the 30 min following the RT session (3 × 10 reps, 90 s rest, 70% 1RM), venous blood samples were taken and analysed for circulating calcium, inorganic phosphate, cytokines (IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and myostatin. Main results displayed a marked metabolic stress response after the RT in both conditions. A large to very large proportional increase in the adjusted to pre-exercise change of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers favoured HH (serum TNF-α [ES = 1.10; p = 0.024] and IL-10 [ES = 1.31; p = 0.009]). The exercise produced a similar moderate increment of myostatin in both groups, followed by a moderate non-significant reduction in HH throughout the recovery (ES =  − 0.72; p = 0.21). The RT slightly increased the antioxidant response regardless of the environmental condition. These results revealed no clear impact of RT under acute hypoxia on the metabolic, TAC and muscle atrophy biomarkers. However, a coordinated pro/anti-inflammatory response balances the potentiated effect of RT on systemic inflammation.
Postoperatives Management
Authors: Parzer Verena , Resl Michael , Stechemesser Lars , Wakolbinger Maria , Itariu Bianca , Brix Johanna Maria 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDie bariatrische Chirurgie führt zu einem signifikanten Gewichtsverlust, einer Reduktion oder gar Remission einer Vielzahl an Adipositas-assoziierten Begleiterkrankungen, einer Reduktion der Mortalität und einer Verbesserung der Lebensqualität vieler PatientInnen. Dennoch ist Adipositas eine chronische Erkrankung, die auch nach bariatrischer Operation eine Weiterbetreuung erforderlich macht. Zudem können kurz- oder langfristig spezifische Probleme auftreten, wie beispielsweise Mangelzustände verschiedener Mikronährstoffe und damit assoziierte Komplikationen. Bauchschmerzen sind ein immer ernst zu nehmendes Symptom nach bariatrischen Operationen. Ein weiteres Augenmerk sollte auf der Diagnose und Behandlung des Dumping-Syndroms liegen. Personen mit Typ-2-Diabetes sollen auch bei substanziell verbesserter bzw. normalisierter Glykämie regelmäßig auf wiederkehrende Hyperglykämie und spezifische Folgeerkrankungen gescreent werden. Neben spezialisierten Zentren mit multidisziplinären Teams wird der Primärversorgung und hier insbesondere ÄrztInnen für Allgemeinmedizin eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle in der Nachsorge nach bariatrischen Operationen zukommen.
The Significance and Complexity of Conscience
Authors: Coady C.A.J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe concept of conscience continues to play a central role in our ethical reasoning as well as in public and philosophical debate over medical ethics, religious freedom, and conscientious objection in many fields, including war. Despite this continued relevance the nature of conscience itself has remained a relatively neglected topic in recent philosophical literature. In this paper I discuss some historical background to the concept and outline the essential features required for any satisfactory account of conscience and its significance for a coherent moral psychology. It will become clear that conscience is a complex concept resisting reduction to any one of its component features. In doing so I critique recent accounts of conscience which have been insufficiently attentive to these complexities and as a consequence have drawn mistaken conclusions about the legitimate role of conscience in moral reasoning. I also discuss the significance of various distortions of conscience such what I call “the fanaticised conscience”. Clarifying our concept of conscience helps us avoid both conceptual confusion in moral psychology and misapplications of the concept in our understanding of conscientious objection both theoretically and in practice.
A modular idealizer chain and unrefinability of partitions with repeated parts
Authors: Aragona Riccardo , Civino Roberto , Gavioli Norberto 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecently Aragona et al. have introduced a chain of normalizers in a Sylow 2-subgroup of Sym(2n), starting from an elementary abelian regular subgroup. They have shown that the indices of consecutive groups in the chain depend on the number of partitions into distinct parts and have given a description, by means of rigid commutators, of the first n − 2 terms in the chain. Moreover, they proved that the (n − 1)-th term of the chain is described by means of rigid commutators corresponding to unrefinable partitions into distinct parts. Although the mentioned chain can be defined in a Sylow p-subgroup of Sym(pn), for p > 2 computing the chain of normalizers becomes a challenging task, in the absence of a suitable notion of rigid commutators. This problem is addressed here from an alternative point of view. We propose a more general framework for the normalizer chain, defining a chain of idealizers in a Lie ring over ℤm whose elements are represented by integer partitions. We show how the corresponding idealizers are generated by subsets of partitions into at most m − 1 parts and we conjecture that the idealizer chain grows as the normalizer chain in the symmetric group. As evidence of this, we establish a correspondence between the two constructions in the case m = 2.
Understanding freight drivers' behavior and the impact on vehicles' fuel consumption and CO2e emissions
Authors: Zhang Zhuowu , Demir Emrah , Mason Robert , Di Cairano-Gilfedder Carla 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite the significant impact of driver behavior on fuel consumption and carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions, this phenomenon is often overlooked in road freight transportation research. We review the relevant literature and seek to provide a deeper understanding of the relationship between freight drivers’ behavior and fuel consumption. This study utilizes a real-life dataset of over 4000 driving records from the freight logistics sector to examine the effects of specific behaviors on fuel consumption. Analyzed behaviors include harsh acceleration/deceleration/cornering, over-revving, excessive revolutions per minute (RPM), and non-adherence to legal speed limits ranging from 20 to 70 miles per hour (mph). Our findings confirm existing literature by demonstrating the significant impact of certain driving characteristics, particularly harsh acceleration/cornering, on fuel consumption. Moreover, our research contributes new insights into the field, notably highlighting the substantial influence of non-adherence to the legal speed limits of 20 and 30 mph on fuel consumption, an aspect not extensively studied in previous research. We subsequently introduce an advanced fuel consumption model that takes into account these identified driver behaviors. This model not only advances academic understanding of fuel consumption determinants in road freight transportation, but also equips practitioners with practical insights to optimize fuel efficiency and reduce environmental impacts.
User circularity practices: Adopting a user stewardship perspective for a circular economy
Authors: Conduit Jodie , Karpen Ingo Oswald , Willmott Taylor 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHumanity is depleting the planet’s natural resources at an unsustainable rate. The pursuit of a circular economy is a strong, viable means of reversing this trend; however, it will require users to take responsibility for the proper application and protection of resources for future generations. While the daily practices of users play a significant role in enabling a circular economy, this role has largely been overlooked in current literature. Our research synthesizes knowledge from the circular economy and marketing literatures, and draws on stewardship theory to better understand the user’s role in the circular economy. Specifically, we introduce a resource stewardship framework from a user perspective. This framework specifies a set of user circularity practices to minimize the extraction of finite resources, while conserving and regenerating resources already in circulation for future use. These practices occur at various stages in the resource life cycle and include minimizing the sourcing and use of finite resources, (re)designing products and services to use less resources, and optimizing the value potential from resources through extending their life cycle and recovering resources for future use. With this framework, we redefine the role of users as resource stewards and advance the rather narrow and fragmented considerations of user contributions to the circular economy, laying the foundation for more caring and responsible users and a future research agenda.
Practical examples for the flight data compatibility check
Authors: Raab Christian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAccurate information about aircraft speed, altitude, and aerodynamic flow angles is essential for evaluating aircraft performance and handling qualities. These quantities are determined from air data measurements taken by sensors normally located near the aircraft cockpit. Since these sensors are affected by the distorted flow field around the fuselage, a correction must be applied. Before the first flight, a set of calibration parameters is usually determined from wind tunnel experiments or CFD calculations. However, the Data Compatibility Check (DCC) method allows a more accurate air data sensor calibration during the certification flight test. This method reconstructs air data quantities from inertial acceleration, angular rate measurements and the flight path. By comparing the reconstructed quantities with the measured ones, the structure and parameters of air data sensor models can be identified. In this paper, an introduction to the data compatibility check method and the setup used in a flight test for system identification is given. The DCC is applied on data gathered from a test campaign with the new DLR research aircraft Dassault Falcon 2000LX ISTAR. Use cases for the calibration of the nose boom airflow vanes and the correction of sensors during large sideslip maneuvers will be presented in this paper.
Where economic parity meets ecology: Neither biodiversity nor ecosystem integrity values relate to wealth in the context of a medium-sized Finnish city
Authors: Rautjärvi Sini , MacGregor-Fors Ian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEcological conditions are heavily influenced by human–environment interactions, which is why understanding the relationships between people and nature is crucial. While earlier studies have indicated a pattern of positive correlations between economic wealth and biodiversity in urban areas, there are some examples that suggest that such associations are more intricate than initially presumed. In this study, we aimed to assess whether such a relation holds in Lahti, a medium-sized city in southern Finland, considering two biodiversity proxies (i.e., bird and woody plant species richness) and the Urban Ecosystem Integrity Index (UEII) of the city. Our results show no clear relationship between economic wealth (average annual income per statistical area) reported for 2019 and the two assessed biodiversity proxies and the UEII. These findings shed new light on the “luxury effect” in urban areas and reveal the nature of such relationship in highly green cities embedded in economic parity scenarios.
Genetics and Epigenetics in Obesity: What Do We Know so Far?
Authors: Keller Maria , Svensson Stina Ingrid Alice , Rohde-Zimmermann Kerstin , Kovacs Peter , Böttcher Yvonne 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Enormous progress has been made in understanding the genetic architecture of obesity and the correlation of epigenetic marks with obesity and related traits. This review highlights current research and its challenges in genetics and epigenetics of obesity.

Recent Findings
Recent progress in genetics of polygenic traits, particularly represented by genome-wide association studies, led to the discovery of hundreds of genetic variants associated with obesity, which allows constructing polygenic risk scores (PGS). In addition, epigenome-wide association studies helped identifying novel targets and methylation sites being important in the pathophysiology of obesity and which are essential for the generation of methylation risk scores (MRS). Despite their great potential for predicting the individual risk for obesity, the use of PGS and MRS remains challenging.

Summary
Future research will likely discover more loci being involved in obesity, which will contribute to better understanding of the complex etiology of human obesity. The ultimate goal from a clinical perspective will be generating highly robust and accurate prediction scores allowing clinicians to predict obesity as well as individual responses to body weight loss-specific life-style interventions.
On subdirect products of type FPn of limit groups over Droms RAAGs
Authors: KOCHLOUKOVA DESSISLAVA H. , LOPEZ DE GAMIZ ZEARRA JONE 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe generalise some known results for limit groups over free groups and residually free groups to limit groups over Droms RAAGs and residually Droms RAAGs, respectively. We show that limit groups over Droms RAAGs are free-by-(torsion-free nilpotent). We prove that if S is a full subdirect product of type
$FP_s(\mathbb{Q})$
of limit groups over Droms RAAGs with trivial center, then the projection of S to the direct product of any s of the limit groups over Droms RAAGs has finite index. Moreover, we compute the growth of homology groups and the volume gradients for limit groups over Droms RAAGs in any dimension and for finitely presented residually Droms RAAGs of type
$FP_m$
in dimensions up to m. In particular, this gives the values of the analytic
$L^2$
-Betti numbers of these groups in the respective dimensions.
Future precipitation increase constrained by climatological pattern of cloud effect
Authors: Zhou Wenyu , Leung L. Ruby , Siler Nicholas , Lu Jian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe fractional increase in global mean precipitation ($$\triangle \bar{P}/\bar{P}$$
△

P

¯

/

P

¯

) is a first-order measure of the hydrological cycle intensification under anthropogenic warming. However, $$\triangle \bar{P}/\bar{P}$$
△

P

¯

/

P

¯

varies by a factor of more than three among model projections, hindering credible assessments of the associated climate impacts. The uncertainty in $$\triangle \bar{P}/\bar{P}$$
△

P

¯

/

P

¯

stems from uncertainty in both hydrological sensitivity (global mean precipitation increase per unit warming) and climate sensitivity (global mean temperature increase per forcing). Here, by investigating hydrological and climate sensitivities in a unified surface-energy-balance perspective, we find that both sensitivities are significantly correlated with surface shortwave cloud feedback, which is further linked to the climatological pattern of cloud shortwave effect. The observed pattern of cloud effect thus constrains both sensitivities and consequently constrains $$\triangle \bar{P}/\bar{P}$$
△

P

¯

/

P

¯

. The 5%-95% uncertainty range of $$\triangle \bar{P}/\bar{P}$$
△

P

¯

/

P

¯

from 1979-2005 to 2080-2100 under the high-emission (moderate-emission) scenario is constrained from 6.34$$\pm$$
±
3.53% (4.19$$\pm$$
±
2.28%) in the raw ensemble-model projection to 7.03$$\pm$$
±
2.59% (4.63$$\pm$$
±
1.71%). The constraint thus suggests a higher most-likely $$\triangle \bar{P}/\bar{P}$$
△

P

¯

/

P

¯

and reduces the uncertainty by ~25%, providing valuable information for impact assessments.
Expression analysis of ABCA1 in type 2 diabetic Pakistani patients with and without dyslipidemia and correlation with glycemic index and lipid profile
Authors: Zaidi Amber , Rashid Amir , Majeed Asifa , Naeem Ayesha , Akram Wajeeha , Baig Zunaira Ali 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDiabetes Mellitus type II, earlier considered as an endocrinological disorder is now more regarded as an inflammatory disorder along with lipid aberrations. It demands for regular monitoring, healthy dietary habits and lifestyle modification. This study was focused on gene expression of ATP binding cassette protein 1 (ABCA1) in diabetic dyslipidemia patients in comparison with control groups of only diabetics and healthy individuals. Blood samples and data were collected from recruited 390 patients who were further divided into three groups (130 each). Glycemic index and lipid profile was assessed. Delta Delta Ct method was used that revealed downregulation of the studied gene more in diabetic dyslipidemia patients as compared to only diabetics and healthy controls. The Ct values of ABCA1 were associated with glycemic index and lipid profile using Pearson’s correlation. A negative correlation with fasting blood sugar and a positive correlation with HbA1cwas observed in only diabetics group. While in diabetic dyslipidemia and normal healthy controls, a negative correlation was found with both. As far as the lipid profile is concerned a positive correlation was observed among only diabetics with whole lipid profile. In diabetics with dyslipidemia, a negative correlation with all parameters except the TAGs was observed. A positive correlation with all except HDL was observed in healthy controls. The Ct values and fold change were compared among diseased and healthy individuals by applying independent t test. The cycle threshold in only diabetics was p = 0.000018 and in diabetic dyslipdemia individuals was p = 0.00251 while fold change in only diabetics (p = 0.000230) and in diabetics with dyslipidemia (p = 0.001137) was observed to be as statistically significant.