bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current evidence on the association of tongue strength with cognitive decline in older adults and the known risk factors of frailty, sarcopenia and nutritional health: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Yitbarek Getachew Yideg , Alty Jane , Lawler Katherine , Goldberg Lynette Ruth 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionEvidence suggests that the pathology underlying cognitive decline leading to dementia begins 15–20 years before cognitive symptoms emerge. Thus, identifying biomarkers in this preclinical phase is critically important. Age-related decrease in muscle mass and strength, a known risk factor for sarcopenia, frailty and cognitive decline, also affects the tongue. This paper describes an a priori protocol by a multidisciplinary team to address the following questions relating to adults ≥50 years of age: (1) What is the current evidence on the association of tongue strength with cognitive decline? (2) How does tongue strength associate with frailty and sarcopenia? (3) What is the association of tongue strength with nutritional health?Methods and analysisSearch terms will be identified then multiple electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO (Ovid), Scopus, Embase (Ovid), CINAHL and Web of Science) searched systematically for peer-reviewed articles published in English that address the following inclusion criteria: (1) human studies, (2) participants ≥50 years of age and (3) studies with tongue pressure values measured in relation to at least one of the following: frailty, sarcopenia, nutritional health, cognitive function and dementia (Alzheimer’s, vascular, frontotemporal and Lewy body). Grey literature also will be searched to identify additional studies, clinical trials and policy papers appropriate for inclusion. The search will be from database inception. After removing duplicates, two research team members will independently screen abstracts and identify articles for full-text review. The team will use a data charting tool for data extraction. Data will be analysed quantitatively and qualitatively.Ethics and disseminationThe scoping review does not require ethics approval as data will be from publicly available sources. Results will be disseminated in workshops and conferences and a peer-reviewed journal paper.
Nitrous oxide for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome: a randomized blinded trial
Authors: Hale Jason , Xu Jijun , Wang Dong , Rodriguez-Patarroyo Fabio , Bakal Omer , Kopac Orkun , Yamak Altinpulluk Ece , Onal Ozkan , Brooker Jack E , Cruz Miguel , Maurtua Marco , Agudelo-Jimenez Ruben , Sessler Daniel I , Turan Alparslan 
Published: October 2023

Introduction
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating neuropathic condition often refractory to conventional treatments. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists have a well-established role in the development and modulation of chronic neuropathic pain. Nitrous oxide is widely used and generally safe anesthetic gas with NMDA receptor antagonist activity. We therefore tested the hypothesis that brief periods of nitrous oxide exposure reduce pain in patients with CRPS.

Methods
Patients with a diagnosis of CRPS were randomized to either 2 hours of nitrous oxide exposure on three alternating days (Nitrous Oxide) versus a placebo air/oxygen mixture (Air-Oxygen). Our primary outcome was patient-reported pain scores at 1 week and 1 month. Secondary and exploratory outcomes were physical and mental health (PRMOIS-29 v2 survey), specific neuropathic pain symptoms (McGill short-form questionnaire), and opioid consumption.

Results
44 patients participated in the study; 20 were randomized to Nitrous Oxide and 24 were assigned to Air-Oxygen. Pain scores did not differ significantly, with the estimated difference in means (Nitrous Oxide−Air-Oxygen) of −0.57 (95% CI: −1.42 to 0.28) points, p=0.19. There were also no differences detected in secondary outcomes, with the estimated difference in mean Z-scores for physical health (Nitrous Oxide−Air-Oxygen) of 0.13 (95% CI: −0.16 to 0.43), mental health 0.087 (95% CI: −0.31 to 0.48), and Patient Global Impression of Change score −0.7 (95% CI: −1.85 to 0.46).

Conclusions
Compared with air/oxygen, 2 hours of nitrous oxide/oxygen exposure for three sessions did not provide meaningful therapeutic potential for patients with chronic CRPS. Our results do not support using nitrous oxide for the treatment of CRPS.
Intraoperative landmark-based genicular nerve block versus periarticular infiltration for postoperative analgesia in total knee arthroplasty: a randomized non-inferiority trial
Authors: Kertkiatkachorn Wannida , Ngarmukos Srihatach , Tanavalee Aree , Tanavalee Chottawan , Kampitak Wirinaree 
Published: October 2023

Introduction
Genicular nerve blocks (GNBs) are an emerging technique that have been used as a part of multimodal analgesia for total knee arthroplasty. The efficacy of intraoperative landmark-based GNBs, a recently introduced technique, has been established. We hypothesized that it would provide non-inferior postoperative analgesia compared with periarticular infiltration (PAI) when combined with continuous adductor canal block.

Methods
This study randomized 140 patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty to receive either intraoperative landmark-based GNB (GNB group) or PAI (PAI group), with 139 completing the study. The primary outcomes were the pain scores at rest and during movement at 12 hours postoperatively on an 11-point Numerical Rating Scale; the non-inferiority margin was 1. Pain scores at additional time points, intravenous morphine consumption, time to first rescue analgesia, functional performance and muscle strength tests, and sleep disturbance were also assessed.

Results
At 12 hours postoperatively, the PAI and GNB groups had median resting pain scores of 0 (0–2) and 0 (0–2), respectively. The median difference was 0 (95% CI −0.4 to 0.4, p=1), with the 95% CI upper limit below the prespecified non-inferiority margin. The median pain score during movement was 1.5 (0–2.3) and 2 (1–3.1) in the PAI and GNB groups, respectively. The median difference was 0.9 (95% CI 0.3 to 1.6, p=0.004), failing to demonstrate non-inferiority. The GNB group had higher intravenous morphine consumption at 12 hours postoperatively and a shorter time to first rescue analgesia.

Conclusions
GNB compared with PAI provides non-inferior resting pain relief. Non-inferiority was not established for pain during movement.

Trial registration number
TCTR20220406001 (www.thaiclinicaltrials.org).
Stimulating Collaborations: Evidence from a Research Cluster Policy
Authors: Carayol Nicolas , Henry Emeric , Lanoë Marianne 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The production of knowledge relies on collaborations between researchers. However, we do not know to what extent policies may stimulate these interactions. In this paper we show how a large scale public “research cluster” policy in France, which funds local communities of researchers working on a common theme, affects the organization of research. Relying on an identification strategy based on grades awarded by reviewers, we show that members of financed clusters increase their collaborations with other cluster members by up to 30%. Paradoxically, researchers not at the core of the cluster topic benefit the most from the policy.
The Effect of Police Oversight on Crime and Misconduct Allegations: Evidence from Chicago
Authors: Rivera Roman G. , Ba Bocar A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Does police oversight increase crime? Studies examining this relationship often rely on major scandals as shocks, but the simultaneous effect of public outrage on officer behavior and crime contaminates the results. Using a framework distinguishing oversight and outrage, we identify two events that increased oversight but elicited no public reaction. We find that despite a subsequent decline in reported misconduct, these oversight increases likely did not significantly impact crime or officer activity, suggesting oversight can reduce misconduct without increasing crime. However, a major policing scandal likely increased crime but did not increase arrests and decreased stops and uses of force.
Trade Liberalization and Chinese Students in U.S. Higher Education
Authors: Khanna Gaurav , Shih Kevin , Weinberger Ariel , Xu Mingzhi , Yu Miaojie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We highlight a lesser-known consequence of China's integration into the world economy: the rise of services trade. We demonstrate how the US's trade deficit in goods cycles back as a surplus in US exports of education services. Focusing on China's accession to the World Trade Organization, we show that Chinese cities more exposed to trade liberalization sent more students to US universities. Growth in housing income/wealth allowed Chinese families to afford US tuition, and more students financed their studies using personal funds. Our estimates suggest that recent trade wars could cost US universities around $1.1 bn in annual tuition revenue.
Early Joiners and Startup Performance
Authors: Choi Joonkyu , Goldschlag Nathan , Haltiwanger John , Kim J. Daniel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We show that early joiners—non-founder employees in the first year of a startup—play a critical role in shaping firm performance. We use administrative employer-employee matched data on US startups and utilize premature death as a natural experiment that exogenously separates talent from startups. We find that losing an early joiner has large negative effects on employment and revenues that persist for at least ten years. In contrast, losing a later joiner yields only a small and temporary decline in firm performance. Our results imply that organization capital, an important driver of startup success, is embodied in early joiners.
Efficient Consignment Auctions
Authors: Liu Bing , Loertscher Simon , Marx Leslie M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Consignment auctions are two-stage mechanisms to (re)-allocate emission permits. Firms are first endowed with permits and then allowed to trade them. We determine theoretically endowments that enable efficient allocation, subject to incentive compatibility, individual rationality, and no deficit. All firms prefer efficient consignment auctions to efficient standard auctions, making them politically palatable. Firms' investment incentives align with the first-best in efficient consignment auctions. Grandfathering based on efficient long-run allocations induces efficiency-permitting endowments. A simple calibration to data from Southern California's RECLAIM program validates our no-deficit assumption and shows that grandfathering provides the best theoretical match for the empirically observed endowments.
Public Investment in a Production Network: Aggregate and Sectoral Implications
Authors: Peri Alessandro , Rachedi Omar , Varotto Iacopo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aggregate and sectoral effects of public investment crucially depend on the interaction between the output elasticity to public capital and intermediate inputs. We uncover this fact through the lens of a New Keynesian production network. This setting doubles the socially optimal amount of public capital relative to the one-sector model without intermediate inputs, leading to a substantial amplification of the public-investment multiplier. We also document novel sectoral implications of public investment. Although public investment is concentrated in far fewer sectors than public consumption, its effects are relatively more evenly distributed across industries. We validate this model implication in the data.
Patronage Process in Pre-colonial and Colonial Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Omobowale Ayokunle Olumuyiwa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article contains process-oriented research which historically traces the development and structure of patronage in Ibadan, Nigeria, from the pre-colonial epoch to the colonial era. Ibadan started up first as a camp of marauders and later as a military settlement after the collapse of the Oyo Empire, Ibadan thereafter emerged as a military empire with sovereignty over a large spectrum of Yorubaland by the end of the 19th Century. Ibadan developed a unique patronage structure based on the babaogun clientelistic system. The babaogun system entailed a network of military warlords who had clients who provided military and civil services in exchange for protection. The indirect rule introduced by the British integrated the babaogun system into governance, equipping the chiefs with economic and coercive powers, which sustained a transformed clientelistic system that was only subverted by the educated and economic elite by the 1950s in preparation for independence. Therefore, the foundation of the contemporary patronage system in Ibadan in particular and Nigeria in general could be traced to the political economy of colonial patronage and the succeeding neo-colonial system. Using archival methods, this article provides the context of the process of patronage in pre-colonial and colonial Ibadan.
Who Supported the Career Development of Highly Educated Japanese Women between the 1970s and 1980s?
Authors: Atobe Chisato 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this study, the author considers the problems of married women continuing to work after giving birth in the historical case of Japan, a society with significant gender inequality. The author focuses on female elementary school teachers who managed to continue working after getting married and giving birth at a time when married women in Japan were increasingly becoming housewives. The author investigated the trajectories of female teachers who had no relatives in their neighborhoods. The results emphasize the importance of understanding workers in the reproductive and informal sectors who identify as housewives when considering the career formation of women in countries with a significant gender divide.
Segregation in diet composition of two syntopic tree frog species, Hyla simplex and Polypedates megacephalus, in Ben En National Park, Vietnam
Authors: Trinh Hong Thi , Ngo Hai Ngoc , Pham Anh Van , Pham Nhi Thi , Dau Vinh Quang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The segregation in one trophic niche of n-dimensional niches can allow many species to coexist in the same habitat. In this study, we conducted surveys in Ben En National Park, Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam to examine stomach contents of two syntopic tree frog species, Hyla simplex and Polypedates megacephalus, using the stomach-flushing method. A total of 21 individuals of H. simplex and 32 individuals of P. megacephalus were sampled revealing 352 food items (H. simplex: 131 invertebrates belonging to 20 prey types of seven orders; P. megacephalus: 215 invertebrates belonging to 22 prey types of 11 orders). Generally, both species consumed slightly diverse and equal prey types. However, ants (Formicidae) and termites (Rhinotermitidae) were identified as the most dominant and important prey for the two tree frog species. With only 38.95% overlap, it is evident that there is tropic segregation between the two syntopic species.
Korean Judicial Decision
Authors: Lee Seokwoo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This case involves a dispute over the use of land for the Mongolian embassy in Seoul. The plaintiff claimed that the defendant had encroached upon the boundaries of the plaintiff’s adjacent land by using a portion of it as the defendant’s embassy property and attached property. The plaintiff sought partial demolition of the defendant’s building and delivery of the disputed land, as well as restitution for unjust enrichment. The trial court granted the plaintiff’s primary claim for partial demolition and delivery of the disputed land, but dismissed the claim for restitution of unjust enrichment, citing a lack of jurisdiction over the issue. The plaintiff appealed the dismissal of the claim for restitution, arguing that the trial court had misinterpreted the legal principles regarding state immunity and jurisdiction. The Supreme Court partially accepted the plaintiff’s appeal, affirming the trial court’s judgment on the primary claim but reversing and remanding the claim for restitution for unjust enrichment to be re-tried and decided upon. The judgment was rendered in unanimous agreement by the participating justices.
A “Moors’ Lovefeast” and Masked Enslavement in the Eighteenth-Century Moravian Church
Authors: Köstlbauer Josef 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article analyzes context and circumstances of an event described as a “Moors’ lovefeast,” which took place in the Moravian Church settlement of Herrnhaag in December 1742. Several of the “Moors” in attendance hailed from the West Indies, others from North America and Africa. Likewise present were a Malabar, a Tatar, and a German Sinto. Adding to the cosmopolitan luster of the Herrnhaag congregation, their presence broadcasted a powerful message of missionary success and eschatological expectation. Some of these men, women, and children were or had been enslaved, but the prestige bestowed on these so-called “Moors” contributed to masking their enslavement. A close reading of the available sources shows how contemporary practices of enslavement fed into Moravians’ methods of representing missionary success as well as their unique spirituality and eschatological vision.
Silesia, Serfdom, and Slavery
Authors: Steffen Anka 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
From the seventeenth to the twentieth century, Silesian linen production was closely linked to Atlantic slavery. Initially, Silesian linen was a commodity of varying quality, strategically adapted to either satisfy free consumers in Africa or serve as clothing for enslaved Africans or European colonists in the Americas. To keep their selling prices low, Silesian merchants adopted serfdom to exploit spinners and weavers. Later industrialists in the region relied on impoverished factory workers to manufacture competitive products, like tropical clothing for the colonies. This study contributes to a better understanding of the interconnectedness of the Silesian economy with Atlantic slavery by examining the practices through which Silesian actors shaped local conditions that became springboards for business opportunities related to slavery.
The Hinterland of the Holy Roman Empire and the Slave Trade in the Late Eighteenth Century
Authors: Ressel Magnus 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Residing in Brussels from 1755, Friedrich Romberg, a native of Hemer near Iserlohn in Westphalia and a friend of Emperor Joseph II, may be an exceptional figure in the line of German slave traders with his intensive involvement in the French colonial empire of the 1770s/80s. However, he can also be seen as an emblematic exponent of a profitable niche in the overall panorama of the Atlantic slave trade—namely, the connection of the German and even Italian textile industries with the Caribbean plantation economies. By examining the trading circuits within Romberg’s freight forwarding company and his textile trade and production, we can extend and praxeologically nuance the concept of the central European “slavery hinterland.”
The effects of relationship history on social support perceived from friendships
Authors: Williamson J. Austin 
Published: October 2023

Perceptions of social support availability may be influenced by internal working models, both of how support figures behave in general, and of how specific support figures behave individually. Participants were 217 first-year college students in the first semester of their involvement with an athletic team or Greek organization. They reported on the support they perceived to be available from three friends in those organizations at four time-points, over the course of 18 months. Regarding generalized working models, participants who had more supportive high school friends perceived more support available from their new college friends, even after controlling for their actual experiences with the college friends. Regarding friend-specific working models, friends who were perceived as more supportive at the beginning of the study were perceived as increasingly supportive over time, even after controlling for actual experiences with that friend. These findings illustrate the influence of relationship history on perceptions of social support. Feeling supported is not determined only by the responses of an individual’s support figures in times of need. Regular investment in relationships is important both for individuals who wish to feel supported and for support figures who wish to best help others.
Application of complete decongestive therapy after lymphaticovenular anastomosis of the lower limb combined with liposuction-A retrospective study research
Authors: Zhou Xuchuan , Ma Gejia , Qi Xi , Qin Aoshuang , Liu Bin 
Published: October 2023

Background Complete decongestive therapy (CDT) is a conservative treatment for lymphedema that combines interventions and lifestyle changes. We evaluated the application of CDT after lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) of the lower limb combined with liposuction. Methods A total of 55 patients who underwent LVA of the lower limb combined with liposuction from January 2021 to July 2022 were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into groups A ( n = 24) and B ( n = 31) according to whether they adhered to CDT treatment during the 12-month follow-up. Group A was the non-adherence CDT group and Group B was the adherence CDT group. Lower Extremity Lymphedema Index (LELI) and Lymphoedema Functioning, Disability, and Health Questionnaire for Lower Limb Lymphoedema (Lymph-ICF-LL) were used as prognostic indicators to observe the remission of postoperative lymphedema symptoms in the two groups. Results At 6-month and 12-month follow-up, LELI and the score of Lymph-ICF-LL in group B and group A were lower than before the operation ( p < .05). The circumference of the affected limb was reduced, and the quality of life was improved in both groups after the operation. The reduction of LELI and Lymph-ICF-LL in group B was higher than in group A, and the difference was statistically significant ( p < .05). Conclusion This study preliminarily proves the effectiveness of CDT after LVA of the lower limb combined with liposuction, which can maintain and strengthen the surgical effect. Further, CDT treatment is still needed after the operation, which is necessary to reduce the circumference of the affected limb and improve patients’ quality of life.
Extraperitoneal pelvic packing versus angiographic embolization for hemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures: a retrospective single-center analysis
Authors: Chu Jisen , Xie Changyuan , Fu Jiaojiao , Yao Weigen 
Published: October 2023

Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical data and treatment procedures of angiographic embolization (AE) and extraperitoneal pelvic packing (EPP) for traumatic pelvic fractures in our center for the purpose of providing recommendations on the selection of treatment protocols. Methods We analyzed 110 patients with traumatic pelvic fractures treated with AE and EPP from January 2015 to May 2023. The patients were divided into the AE group (69 men, 41 women) and the EPP group (20 men, 12 women). The primary outcomes were the mortality rate and incidence of complications. Results The mortality rate was slightly lower in the AE than EPP group (7.3% vs. 9.4%). The overall blood transfusion volume was lower and the length of hospital stay was shorter in the AE than EPP group (7.79 ± 12.04 vs. 9.14 ± 14.21 units and 20.48 ± 11.32 vs. 22.14 ± 10.47 days). Conclusions Both AE and EPP have good treatment effects. AE is preferred for patients in stable condition with severe hemorrhage. This study suggests that EPP should be the primary treatment and that AE should serve as a complementary treatment for critical patients.