bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unlicensed antiviral products used for the at-home treatment of feline infectious peritonitis contain GS-441524 at significantly different amounts than advertised
Authors: Kent Alycia M. , Guan Su , Jacque Nicole , Novicoff Wendy , Evans Samantha J. M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To analyze the content of unlicensed GS-441524-like products being used as a largely successful at-home treatment for cats suspected to have FIP. The remdesivir content and pH were also measured.

SAMPLE
127 injectable and oral samples from 30 of the most popular brands of black market producers.

METHODS
Unlicensed GS-441524-like products were procured through donations and tested for GS-441524 and remdesivir content by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. A pH meter measured the pH of injectable samples.

RESULTS
Of the 87 injectable formulations, 95% contained more (on average 39% more) GS-441524 than expected based on the producer’s marketed concentrations. The average pH (1.30 pH) was well below the physiologic pH conditions recommended for SC injections. The oral formulations were more variable, with 43% containing more GS-441524 (on average 75% more) than expected and 58% containing less (on average 39% less) than the expected content. There was minimal variability in GS-441524 content between replicate samples in the injectables formulations (measured by coefficient of variation). One injectable and 2 oral samples additionally contained remdesivir.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
All unlicensed products used for the at-home treatment of FIP that we tested contain GS-441524. The injectables generally contain significantly more drug than advertised at a below-physiologic pH. Unlicensed oral products vary more widely in drug content and suffer from unconventional dosing and labeling. These data should highlight the need for regulation of these products and the development of legal pathways to procure GS-441524.
Clinical validation of a blood-based liquid biopsy test integrating cell-free DNA quantification and next-generation sequencing for cancer screening in dogs
Authors: Flory Andi , Ruiz-Perez Carlos A. , Clavere-Graciette Ana G. , Rafalko Jill M. , O’Kell Allison L. , Flesner Brian K. , McLennan Lisa M. , Hicks Susan C. , Nakashe Prachi , Phelps-Dunn Ashley , DiMarzio Lauren R. , Warren Chelsea D. , Cohen Todd A. , Chibuk Jason , Chorny Ilya , Grosu Daniel S. , Tsui Dana W. Y. , Tynan John A. , Kruglyak Kristina M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To validate the performance of a novel, integrated test for canine cancer screening that combines cell-free DNA quantification with next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis.

SAMPLE
Retrospective data from a total of 1,947 cancer-diagnosed and presumably cancer-free dogs were used to validate test performance for the detection of 7 predefined cancer types (lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma, osteosarcoma, leukemia, histiocytic sarcoma, primary lung tumors, and urothelial carcinoma), using independent training and testing sets.

METHODS
Cell-free DNA quantification data from all samples were analyzed using a proprietary machine learning algorithm to determine a Cancer Probability Index (High, Moderate, or Low). High and Low Probability of Cancer were final result classifications. Moderate cases were additionally analyzed by NGS to arrive at a final classification of High Probability of Cancer (Cancer Signal Detected) or Low Probability of Cancer (Cancer Signal Not Detected).

RESULTS
Of the 595 dogs in the testing set, 89% (n = 530) received a High or Low Probability result based on the machine learning algorithm; 11% (65) were Moderate Probability, and NGS results were used to assign a final classification. Overall, 87 of 122 dogs with the 7 predefined cancer types were classified as High Probability and 467 of 473 presumably cancer-free dogs were classified as Low Probability, corresponding to a sensitivity of 71.3% for the predefined cancer types at a specificity of 98.7%.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This integrated test offers a novel option to screen for cancer types that may be difficult to detect by physical examination at a dog’s wellness visit.
The Policy of Preserving National Linguistic Identity on the Example of the Welsh
Authors: Bekova R. M. 
Published: February 2024

Introduction.The article examines the British policy pursued in the 16th – first half of the 20th centuries in relation to the autochthonous languages of Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The author characterizes the language policy of Great Britain in this period as a policy of linguistic nationalism of the English language and discrimination against the national languages of other peoples. The article also discusses the main legal acts aimed at expanding the use of the Welsh language and consolidating the status of the Welsh language as the national language of Wales.Materials and methods.To achieve this goal, the article used the method of the structural-functional approach, as well as modern principles of scientific knowledge of complex social phenomena and processes, based on a combination of macro- and microsociological research. The materials of the article were the works of scientists on the stated issues.Results of the study.It is concluded that the Welsh language has managed to maintain its independence to a greater extent than other autochthonous languages of the peoples of Great Britain, and in modern conditions there is a tendency to increase the number of people using the Welsh language in everyday life. The main findings of this article were the demonstration of specific discriminatory measures applied by the UK in relation to the Welsh language, including the ban on the use of Welsh as the language of legislation, the language of judicial proceedings and restrictions on teaching in Welsh.Discussion and conclusion.The study identifies the reasons and constitutional and legal factors for the transition from a policy of language discrimination to a policy of dialogue of cultures, as well as the influence of public figures advocating the preservation and expansion of the use of the Welsh language on the language policy of Great Britain. The constitutional significance of the Welsh Language Regulations 2011 is stated, and for the first time in the Russian-language doctrine the content of this law is analyzed.
A Survey of The Ichthyofauna At the Pontal De Maracaípe Reef Complex, South Coast of Pernambuco – Brazil, and Local Ecological Knowledge of Raftsmen
Authors: Xavier Clara de Oliveira , Bezerra Natalia Priscila Alves , De Oliveira Paulo Guilherme Vasconcelos 
Published: February 2024

Objective: The study aimed to assess the ichthyofauna of the Pontal de Maracaípe Reef Complex in Pernambuco, Brazil, and analyze the local ecological knowledge of the rafstmen regarding the reef environment.

Theoretical background: Reef environments stand as ecosystems of high ecological importance due to their biodiversity, ecosystem services, and the presence of endemic species. However, these ecosystems face environmental impacts caused by various anthropogenic activities.

Methodology: Visual census techniques and the application of socio-environmental questionnaires were employed.

Results and conclusion: In this study, it was possible to identify 1,568 individuals, distributed across 20 orders, 33 families, and 69 species. The raftsmen asserted that the recent growth in the number of lodges and shops in the region has led to an increase in visits to local natural pools, suggesting a need for enhanced monitoring and environmental education as a mitigation measure.

Implications of the research: The study contributes to effective area management and provides information that aids in the protection of the reef ecosystem, emphasizing the importance of awareness and monitoring in response to the tourism growth in the region.

Originality/value: The study brought to light the local ecological knowledge of the rafstmen, adding a unique perspective to the research. The data collected on the ichthyofauna offer valuable information for the management and protection of the Pontal de Maracaípe Reef Complex in Pernambuco, Brazil.
O Supremo Tribunal Federal e os usos jurídico-políticos: uma análise do discurso do “julgamento histórico” do HC no 4.718
Authors: Iorio Filho Rafael Mario 
Published: February 2024

O presente trabalho objetiva analisar, por meio da Análise Semiolinguística do Discurso, o discurso jurídico-político dos votos dos ministros do Supremo Tribunal Federal no “julgamento histórico” do Habeas Corpus no 4781 de 1919, impetrado pelo então candidato à Presidência da República Ruy Barbosa e alguns de seus correligionários do Estado da Bahia, a fim de assegurar preventivamente o Direito de Reunião e Livre Manifestação do Pensamento na reta final daquela campanha eleitoral. A análise se dá, especialmente, a partir do voto do ministro relator, uma vez que os demais votos não se encontram disponíveis para análise. O acórdão demonstra que havia ampla base probatória indicativa de que as autoridades do Poder Executivo do Estado da Bahia, em particular o Governador por meio de seu Chefe de Polícia, estariam impedindo ou causando graves constrangimentos ao direito de reunião do grupo político oposicionista. A decisão da corte foi no sentido de que reconhecer a competência originária do STF no caso, bem como fixou teses no sentido de que o direito de livre reunião não pode, de modo algum, sofrer interferência direta da polícia, sequer para determinar os locais de realização das reuniões políticas. Tal constatação nos levou a refletir até que ponto os ministros do Supremo Tribunal Federal como integrantes do mundo jurídico brasileiro, enquanto campo estruturado a partir de opiniões antagônicas e muitas vezes paradoxais, e neste sentido, um sistema jurídico-processual que não leva à formação de consensos, já reproduziam desde então esta cultura, na decisão analisada.
Assessment of the quality and effectiveness of the work of regulatory authorities in the field of drug circulation
Authors: Kotvitska A. A. , Suvorov M. О. 
Published: February 2024

Aim. To assess the quality and effectiveness of the work of regulatory authorities in the field of drug circulation.
Materials and methods. The study was based on data from scientific publications, statistical reports, results of our own research, including a survey of representatives of senior management positions of business entities in the pharmaceutical sector of the healthcare sector. The methods used were a sociological survey, descriptive statistics, graphical analysis, and data generalization.
Results. Based on the results of the analysis of international and domestic experience in assessing the activities of state regulatory authorities, a system of qualitative indicators for assessing the effectiveness of their work was proposed. According to the questionnaire developed, an anonymous survey was conducted among representatives of the management level with at least 5 years of experience in organizations and enterprises engaged in a certain area of pharmaceutical activity. It was found that according to the indicators of assessing the general principles of providing regulatory services in the field of circulation of medicines, quality and availability of regulatory services, the activities of public authorities were assessed at a satisfactory level. It was determined that the work of regulatory authorities with complaints from consumers of their services needed to be improved, and the level of performance of regulatory functions in controlling the promotion of medicines and their advertising was also necessary to be improved.
Conclusions. Thus, based on the results obtained at this stage of the study, it can be stated that the level of activity of regulatory authorities in the field of circulation of medicinal products is satisfactory from the point of view of the recipients of their services. At the same time, taking into account the world experience of using approaches to assess state bodies in providing services to individuals and legal entities, we consider it necessary to develop a unified procedure for conducting a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of regulatory authorities by self-assessment and stakeholder assessment of regulatory services using the same performance indicators.
Newspaper reports about the Polish uprising of 1863 in the perception of L.N. Tolstoy
Authors: Song Jiaxuan 
Published: February 2024

During the Polish uprising of 1863, L.N. Tolstoy expressed a desire to go to war again, as is known from his letter to A.A. Fet dated May 1-3 and from S.A. Tolstoy's diary dated September 22, 1863. As a result, the very military-political context of 1863, in which this desire was formed, remained practically unexplored. It remained unclear which Polish or pan-European events could actualize Tolstoy's desire in May and September 1863, why this desire is now escalating, then, obviously, retreating. In this article we will fill this gap by recreating the foreign policy context of 1863 on the basis of newspaper reports about the Polish uprising in April-May and September. In the early 60s, the Polish uprising entailed the intervention of Western powers in the conflict. This led to a diplomatic struggle between the Russian Empire and the Western powers. The focus of our attention will be publications from the "Moscow Vedomosti" edited by M.N. Katkov, which Tolstoy most likely followed. The main method of research is comparative and cultural-historical. Using these methods, we analyze in detail what exactly happened in May and September 1863 in the theater of operations in Poland and in the diplomatic spheres of Europe. Recreating the international situation of that time, we will prove that Tolstoy's desire to "take the sword off the rusty nail", about which he wrote to Fet, arose at the most critical moments for European diplomacy, when a new war between Russia and a coalition of Western states (like the Patriotic or Crimean) seemed almost inevitable. And the disappearance of his desire is connected with the elimination of this military threat. This proves that at the time of the beginning of work on "War and Peace", the writer was still quite closely following the modern political agenda, although he refused to participate in the war, the thought of it did not pass without a trace and left an imprint on his artistic imagination. Tolstoy then offered the reader of War and Peace a generally peaceful view of relations between peoples.
La masticación, su relación con la disfunción cognitiva y la rehabilitación oral como una medida preventiva
Authors: Carbajal Marco , Mercado Mamani Sively luz , Rozas Yordy , Bernal Pedro 
Published: February 2024

La disfunción cognitiva es la perdida de la memoria de forma gradual, es muy probable que pase a convertirse en demencia, y evolucionar a otras enfermedades neurodegenerativas como Alzheimer, esto se hace de manera irreversibles, por lo que encontrar una manera de trata o prevenir las disfunciones cognitivas, son importantes tanto para la salud de la persona, como para la economía familiar y del país. Para esta revisión de literatura se consultaron las siguientes bases: PubMed, Scopus y ScienceDirect, como palabras clave se usaron términos del Descriptor en Ciencias de la Salud (DeCs) como: Masticación, rehabilitación oral y disfunción cognitiva, combinados con los operadores boléanos OR, AND, NOT, seleccionándose la combinación con mejores resultados. Se revisaron un total de 168 artículos, de los cuales 31 cumplieron con todos los criterios de inclusión, siendo los 31 en el idioma inglés. Cada vez en el mundo, más personas adultas padecen de deficiencias cognitivas y muchas veces se le puede asociar a el edentulismo, perdida de dientes, periodontitis, que afectan en la masticación, la rehabilitación oral podría ser fundamental, para la restauración de la masticación y podría ser una medida para la prevención y tratamiento de enfermedades neurodegenerativas.
Моніторингові обстеження флори ділянки русла річки Турія в м. Ковель по вулиці Сагайдачного
Authors: Коцун Лариса , Радзій Володимир , Коцун Борис 
Published: February 2024

In 2021, the project of reconstruction of the Turia riverbed in the area of Sahaidachnoy Street in the city of Kovel, Volyn Region, in the area of the bridge crossing, was launched. In order to timely identify, prevent and eliminate the negative consequences of the impact of planned activities on the phytodiversity of the Turia River, post-project monitoring was carried out every quarter, which allowed to objectively assess the impact of the performed works on the plant cover. Studies have shown the recovery of typical aquatic and coastal aquatic vegetation in the area of activity. Among aquatic plants Nuphar lutea (L.) Smith., Myriophyllum spicatum L., Potamogeton crispus L., Lemna minor L. Species Salvinia natans(L.) All are typical. recovered on the territory of the planned activity in shallow backwaters near the banks of the river with a projective coverage of 20-40%. Above and below the research site, the species shows high phytocenotic activity with a projective cover of 40-100%. Of the coastal water plants, typical are Butomus umbellatus L., Lycopus europaeus L., Glyceria maxima (C.Hartm.) Holmb, Lythrum salicaria L., Typha latifolia L., Rumexhydrolapathum Huds., Ranunculus sceleratus L., Myosotis scorpioides L, Mentha aquatica L., Bidens frondosa L., Iris pseudacorus L. The groups of Salvinieta natantis formation, Salvinietum natantis purum and Salvinietum (natantis) lemnosum (minoris) associations included in the Green Book of Ukraine were revealed; Nuphareta luteae formation group Nupharetum (luteae) salviniosum (natantis) association. The work carried out on the improvement of the banks of the Turia River had a positive effect on the spread of weeds, a lawn was created, and highly decorative cultivars of maple and willow were planted as solitaires.
The study of the territory of the Turia River above and below the planned activity proved the dominance of ruderal biotopes of perennial grasses with the dominance of anthropophytes, among which there are species with high phytocenotic activity. Their presence may have threatening consequences for the existence of the already reconstructed part of the Turia River bed. Among them, species dangerous to human health: Heracleum sosnowski Manden. and Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.
Diversity of The Araceae Family in The Batutegi Protected Forest, Tanggamus, Lampung Based on Morphological and Molecular Characteristics
Authors: Nisha Luthfiyyan , Yulianty  , Ina Erlinawati  , Wahyuningsih Sri , Subagio Aris 
Published: February 2024

Indonesia has a tropical climate bordering the equator, so it has a diverse biodiversity. Batutegi Protected Forest, Tanggamus is a lowland rainforest. Plants of tropical flora, including Araceae (taro), has a diversity level of 25% (31 genera) of plants found worldwide. Morphological and molecular characteristics can be used to analyze diversity. The aim of this study was to determine the diversity of Araceae plants based on morphological and molecular characteristics using DNA barcodes in the Batutegi Protected Forest area and the differences in marker genes matK, ITS and rbcL in determining the diversity of Araceae plants. The study was conducted in January-May 2023. Sampling was conducted in Batutegi Reserve Forest Tanggamus, Lampung using the exploration method. Morphological identification was performed through the herbarium collection in Herbarium Bogoriense, while molecular identification was performed using DNA barcoding with three marker genes including ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL), Maturase K (matK) and an internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Based on the studies conducted, it can be concluded that the Araceae plants found in the Batutegi Protected Forest, Tanggamus of Lampung have appropriate species results in terms of morphological and molecular characteristics. The matK marker gene performs better than ITS and rbcL with evidence of higher amplification success rates and a more informative phylogenetic tree.
Inventory of Orchid Species in Customary Forest Area of Cipta Karya Village, Sungai Betung District, Bengkayang Regency
Authors: Putri Indahsari Dwi , Linda Riza , Lovadi Irwan 
Published: February 2024

Orchids are one of the flowering plants that have many species and are widely distributed, as well as having different attractions and characteristics in each species and habitat. The aim of this research to inventory the types of orchids in Customary Forest Area of Cipta Karya Village, Bengkayang Regency. The research was conducted using the cruise method. The characteristics observed were the morphology of orchids such as roots, pseudobulbs, stems, leaves, and flowers. The inventory results found 13 species of orchids. Epiphytic orchids were found more commonly in this area, with a total of 9 species, while terrestrial orchids were found with 4 species. The epiphytic orchid species foundware composed of Appendicula sp., Bulbophyllum sp., Coelogyne speciosa, Cymbidium sp., Dendrobium crumenatum, Dendrobium anosmum, Luisia sp., Micropera pallida and Oberonia sp. The terrestrial orchid species found ware composed of Acanthephippium javanicum, Malaxis latifolia, Nephelaphyllum pulchrum, and Spathoglottis plicata.
Modification, Characterization of New Thiazolidinone and Oxazolidinone Derived from Levofloxacin and Evaluation of Anti-Oxidant
Authors: Moaied Rabeaa Mustafa , Muna Ismael Khalaf  , Farouk Abdulla Kandil  
Published: February 2024

The research study included the synthesis of a new series of heterocyclic derivatives containing the antibiotic Levofloxacin. The first way provides for the reaction of Levofloxacin with thionyl chloride in benzene as a solvent to give an acid chloride derivative. A new class of acid hydrazide synthesized from Levofloxacin was studied. Schiff bases were produced via the reaction of acid hydrazide with substituted aromatic ketones in methanol. The next stage involved the response of Schiff bases with thioglycolic acid and mono chloroacetic acid in DMF to produce derivatives of the antibiotic levofloxacin that have five heterocyclic members, including the derivatives thiazolidine-4-one and oxazolidine-5-one. The FTIR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR spectra methods were used to confirm the structures of newly synthesized compounds. Also, the antioxidant properties of the synthetic compounds were evaluated in vitro. According to this study, levofloxacin-derived compounds have higher antioxidant capacities than ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and the medication also acts as an anti-inflammatory for respiratory infections.
Seasonal Variations Of Attached Cyanophyceae Algae on Cocreate Brideges In Tigress Rivere From Baghdad
Authors: Al Magdamy Buthaina Abdul Aziz Hassan , Zainab Faleeh Moussa  
Published: February 2024

The attached Cyanophyta community is a model for monitoring aquatic systems and interpreting environmental change in aquatic systems. The present study aims to conduct a seasonal study on Cyanophyta attached to the concrete abutments of three bridges (Al-Jadriya Bridge, Bab Al-Moadam Bridge, and Al-Muthanna Bridge) in the Tigris River within the city of Baghdad, central Iraq (from October 2021 to June 2022). The study included the quality of Cyanophyta and, the eleven environmental parameters (water temperature, electric conductivity, salinity, pH, total alkalinity, Calcium, Magnesium, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen). Monthly samples were taken from the water under each bridge from three sampling sites in the river, and the results were presented as four seasons. A total of 45 Cyanophyta taxa were identified in the three orders. Order: Chroococcales 11%; Order: Oscillatoriales 64%; Order: Nostocales 25% dominance of Oscillatoriales from the second site, and the highest number of species recorded in the autumn. The study showed clear differences in the total number of algal species attached to different sites. The study was able to add a new record species to the Iraqi algae flora, which is Lyngbya sordida Gomont.