bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Band Structure Optimized by Electron‐Acceptor Cations for Sensitive Perovskite Single Crystal Self‐Powered Photodetectors
Authors: Huang Yu‐Hua , Wang Xu‐Dong , Li Wen‐Guang , Zou Su‐Yan , Yang Xin , Kuang Dai‐Bin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLow‐dimensional perovskites afford improved stability against moisture, heat, and ionic migration. However, the low dimensionality typically results in a wide bandgap and strong electron–phonon coupling, which is undesirable for optoelectronic applications. Herein, semiconducting A‐site organic cation engineering by electron‐acceptor bipyridine (bpy) cations (2,2'‐bpy2+ and 4,4'‐bpy2+) is employed to optimize band structure in low‐dimensional perovskites. Benefiting from the merits of lower lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy for 4,4'‐bpy2+ cation, the corresponding (4,4'‐bpy)PbI4 is endowed with a smaller bandgap (1.44 eV) than the (CH3NH3)PbI3 (1.57 eV) benchmark. Encouragingly, an intramolecular type II band alignment formation between inorganic Pb‐I octahedron anions and bpy2+ cations favors photogenerated electron–hole pairs separation. In addition, a shortening distance between inorganic Pb‐I octahedral chains in (4,4'‐bpy)PbI4 single crystal (SC) can effectively promote carrier transfer. As a result, a self‐powered photodetector based on (4,4'‐bpy)PbI4 SC exhibits 131 folds higher on/off ratio (3807) than the counterpart of (2,2'‐bpy)2Pb3I10 SC (29). The presented result provides an effective strategy for exporting novel organic cation‐based low‐dimensional perovskite SC for high‐performance optoelectronic devices.
Pneumonic Plague Protection Induced by a Monophosphoryl Lipid A Decorated Yersinia Outer‐Membrane‐Vesicle Vaccine
Authors: Majumder Saugata , Das Shreya , Li Peng , Yang Nicole , Dellario Hazel , Sui Haixin , Guan Ziqiang , Sun Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA new Yersinia pseudotuberculosis mutant strain, YptbS46, carrying the lpxE insertion and pmrF‐J deletion is constructed and shown to exclusively produce monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) having adjuvant properties. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) isolated from YptbS46 harboring an lcrV expression plasmid, pSMV13, are designated OMV46‐LcrV, which contained MPLA and high amounts of LcrV (Low Calcium response V) and displayed low activation of Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4). Intramuscular prime‐boost immunization with 30 µg of of OMV46‐LcrV exhibited substantially reduced reactogenicity than the parent OMV44‐LcrV and conferred complete protection to mice against a high‐dose of respiratory Y. pestis challenge. OMV46‐LcrV immunization induced robust adaptive responses in both lung mucosal and systemic compartments and orchestrated innate immunity in the lung, which are correlated with rapid bacterial clearance and unremarkable lung damage during Y. pestis challenge. Additionally, OMV46‐LcrV immunization conferred long‐term protection. Moreover, immunization with reduced doses of OMV46‐LcrV exhibited further lower reactogenicity and still provided great protection against pneumonic plague. The studies strongly demonstrate the feasibility of OMV46‐LcrV as a new type of plague vaccine candidate.
Extending the Operational Lifetime of Electrochemiluminescence Devices by Installing a Floating Bipolar Electrode
Authors: Yee Hyeono , Lee Jong Ik , Park Dong Mok , Jung Keonhee , Lee Seunghan , Kim Nam Hun , Kim Jungwook , Kim Hyeong Jun , Kang Moon Sung 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElectrochemiluminescence (ECL) holds significant promise for the development of cost‐effective light‐emitting devices because of its simple structure. However, conventional ECL devices (ECLDs) have a major limitation of short operational lifetimes, rendering them impractical for real‐world applications. Typically, the luminescence of these devices lasts no longer than a few minutes during operation. In the current study, a novel architecture is provided for ECLDs that addresses this luminescence lifespan issue. The device architecture features an ECL active layer between two coplanar driving electrodes and a third floating bipolar electrode. The inclusion of the floating bipolar electrode enables modulating the electrical‐field distribution within the active layer when a bias is applied between the driving electrodes. This, in turn, enables the use of opaque yet electrochemically stable noble metals as the driving electrodes while allowing ECL light to escape through the transparent floating bipolar electrode. A significant extension on operational lifetime is achieved, defined as the time required for the initial luminance (>100 cd m−2) to decrease by 50%, surpassing 1 h. This starkly contrasts the short lifetime (<1 min) attained by ECLDs in a conventional sandwich‐type architecture with two transparent electrodes. These results provide simple strategies for developing durable ECL‐based light‐emitting devices.
Anhydrous Proton Conduction Through a Chemically Robust Electrolyte Enabling a High‐Temperature Non‐Precious Metal Catalyzed Fuel Cell
Authors: Zou Junyan , Zhao Yu , Mollart Catherine , Peach Michael J G , Fayon Pierre , Heasman Patrick , Fletcher Peter A T J , Xu Jinchang , Liang Wanli , Trewin Abbie , Ben Teng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFuel cells offer great promise for portable electricity generation, but their use is currently limited by their low durability, excessive operating temperatures, and expensive precious metal electrodes. It is therefore essential to develop fuel cell systems that can perform effectively using more robust electrolyte materials, at reasonable temperatures, with lower‐cost electrodes. Recently, proton exchange membrane fuel cells have attracted attention due to their generally favorable chemical stability and quick start‐up times. However, in most membrane materials, water is required for proton conduction, severely limiting operational temperatures. Here, for the first time it is demonstrated that when acidified, PAF‐1 can conduct protons at high temperatures, via a unique framework diffusion mechanism. It shows that this acidified PAF‐1 material can be pressed into pellets with high proton conduction properties even at high temperatures and pellet thickness, highlighting the processibility, and ease of use of this material. Furthermore, a fuel cell is shown with high power density output is possible using a non‐precious metal copper electrode. Acid‐doped PAF‐1 therefore represents a significant step forward in the potential for a broad‐purpose fuel cell due to it being cheap, robust, efficient, and easily processible.
Bifunctional Square‐Planar NiO4 Coordination of Topotactic LaNiO2.0 Films for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Xiao Zhifei , Huang Haoliang , Hu Sixia , Weng Zhuanglin , Huang Yuping , Du Bing , Zeng Xierong , Meng Yuying , Huang Chuanwei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe high‐efficient and low‐cost oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is decisive for applications of oxide catalysts in metal‐air batteries, electrolytic cells, and energy‐storage technologies. Delicate regulations of active surface and catalytic reaction pathway of oxide materials principally determine thermodynamic energy barrier and kinetic rate during catalytic reactions, and thus have crucial impacts on OER performance. Herein, a synergistic modulation of catalytically active surface and reaction pathway through facile topotactic transformations switching from perovskite (PV) LaNiO3.0 film to infinite‐layer (IL) LaNiO2.0 film is demonstrated, which absolutely contributes to improving OER performance. The square‐planar NiO4 coordination of IL‐LaNiO2.0 brings about more electrochemically active metal (Ni+) sites on the film surface. Meanwhile, the oxygen‐deficient driven PV‐ IL topotactic transformations lead to a reaction pathway converted from absorbate evolution mechanism to lattice‐oxygen‐mediated mechanism (LOM). The non‐concerted proton–electron transfer of LOM pathway, evidenced by the pH‐dependent OER kinetics, further boosts the OER activity of IL‐LaNiO2.0 films. These findings will advance the in‐depth understanding of catalytic mechanisms and open new possibilities for developing highly active perovskite‐derived oxide catalysts.
Semi‐Embedded Structured Bi Nanospheres for Boosted Self‐Heating‐Induced Healing of Li‐Dendrites
Authors: Na Zhaolin , Li Lin , Li Wenjing , Wang Xinran , Sun Xudong , Wang Qingshuang , Huang Gang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIt is reported that self‐heating‐induced healing on lithium metal anodes (LMAs) provides a mitigation strategy for suppressing Li dendrites. However, how to boost the self‐heating‐induced healing of Li‐dendrites and incorporate it into Li‐host design remains an imminent problem that needs to be solved. Herein, a new bismuth nanosphere semi‐buried carbon cloth (Bi‐NS‐CC) material with a 3D flexible host structure is proposed. The ultrasmall Bi nanospheres are uniformly and densely distributed on carbon fiber, providing active sites to form uniform Li3Bi alloy with molten lithium, thereby guiding the injection of molten metallic lithium into the 3D structure to form a self‐supporting composite LMAs. The ingenious semi‐embedded structure with strong interfacial C─Bi ensures superior mechanical properties. Interestingly, when the current density reaches up to 10 mA cm−2, the lithium dendrites undergo self‐heating. Carbon cloth as a host can quickly and uniformly transfer heat, which induces the uniform migration of Li on anodes. The semi‐embedded structure with strong C─Bi ensures Bi nanospheres guide the formation of smooth morphology even under these harsh conditions (high‐temperature, high‐rate, etc.). Consequently, at 10 mA cm−2/10 mAh cm−2, the Li/Li3Bi‐NS‐CC realizes ultra‐long cycles of 1500 h and ultra‐low overpotential of 15 mV in a symmetric cell.
Effects of Phosphate Fertilization Rates on Physicochemical Properties of Potato Starch
Authors: Morishita Ao , Kinoshita Rintaro , Tani Masayuki , Sugawara Masayuki , Ikeda Shinya 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study is to seek correlations between phosphate fertilization rates in potato cultivation and the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of the potato starch. Potato starches are prepared from the potato tubers cultivated in two different districts in Hokkaido, Japan, with different soil characteristics using varied phosphate fertilization rates. The chemical composition of the potato starches such as the amylose, phosphorus, and potassium contents and their physicochemical properties such as the swelling power, solubility, and pasting and thermal properties are evaluated. The results show that the phosphate fertilization rate has a moderate and positive correlation with the amylose content, while no correlations are found with any other chemical composition and physicochemical properties, including the phosphorus content. One plausible explanation for the lack of the correlation between the phosphate fertilization rate and the phosphorus content in the starch is that a sufficient amount of phosphorus has already been accumulated in the soils to phosphorylate the starch to the highest possible degree without further application of phosphate fertilizers. The present results imply that reducing the phosphate fertilization rate in potato cultivation in the studied fields has no negative impact on the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of potato starch.
Dissipative Cyclic Reaction Networks: Mechanistic Insights into a Minor Enantiomer Recycling Process
Authors: Margarita Cristiana , Nash Anna Laurell , Ahlstrand David A. , Ahlquist Mårten S. G. , Wendt Ola F. , Fransson Linda , Moberg Christina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn analysis of an out‐of‐equilibrium cyclic reaction network which continuously converts a minor undesired product enantiomer to the desired major enantiomer by irreversible addition of chemical fuel and irreversible elimination of spent fuel is presented. The reaction network is maintained as long as fuel is added; interrupted fuel addition drives the system towards equilibrium, but the cyclic process restarts upon resumed fuel addition, as demonstrated by three consecutive fuel cycles. The process is powered by the hydrolysis of methyl cyanoformate to HCN and monomethyl carbonic acid, which decomposes to CO2 and MeOH. The time it takes to reach steady state depends on the rate of conversion of the fuel and decreases with increased conversion rate. Three catalysts, one metal catalyst and two enzymes, together constitute an efficient regulation system allowing control of the forward, backward and waste‐forming steps, thereby assuring the production of high yields of products with high enantiopurity.
Gastrointestinal parasitosis in cattle: Unveiling the landscape across diverse production systems in Bangladesh
Authors: Sayeed Md. Abu , Ungar Lauren , Chowdhury Yeasin Haider , Bari Md. Saiful , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Anwer M. Sawkat , Hoque Md. Ahasanul 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundFactors influencing parasitosis in cattle in Bangladesh remain inadequately explored, necessitating a comprehensive investigation for interventions and sustainable livestock farming.ObjectivesWe conducted this study to estimate the prevalence and distribution of gastrointestinal parasites, exploring their intricate relationship with farm management practices across a spectrum of small‐, medium‐, and large‐scale commercial farms.MethodsWe conducted this study in the Chattogram district of Bangladesh. We collected a total of 189 freshly voided faecal samples from different farms. We recorded the age, breed, milking status, sex, body condition score, and anthelmintic use history of the sampled animals. We processed the samples using the direct smear method, with the identification of one egg per sample being considered positive.ResultsWe estimated the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite infection in large‐scale (52.1%), medium‐scale (54.5%), and small‐scale farms (70.0%), with statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05). Both pregnant and lactating cows, as well as indigenous cattle, were more likely to have gastrointestinal parasites (p ≤ 0.05). The predominant parasites across farms of all sizes were trematodes (Paramphistomum spp. and Schistosomas spp.) and protozoa (Balantidium coli and Coccidia spp.).ConclusionPoor farm management practices, such as no pasture management and inadequate deworming regimens, may contribute to the elevated prevalence and infection load observed on small‐scale farms. The increased parasitosis in previously dewormed animals can be attributed to the development of anthelmintic resistance against gastrointestinal parasites. Implementing proper and effective deworming strategies is crucial to preventing gastrointestinal parasitosis and mitigating the risk of anthelmintic resistance.
Influence of ketamine, propofol or isoflurane on intraocular pressure, heart rate and blood pressure in healthy dogs premedicated with medetomidine and midazolam
Authors: Khaleghi Masoud , Sarchahi Ali Asghar , Kazemi Mehrjerdi Hossein , Rasekh Mehdi , Saadati Dariush 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccording to the findings of several studies, sedatives and anaesthetics have different effects on the functioning of the cardiovascular system and intraocular pressure (IOP). For accurate diagnosis, treatment and surgery with minimal complications, it is necessary to be aware of the effects of sedatives and anaesthetics on the cardiovascular system and IOP.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sedatives (medetomidine and midazolam) and anaesthetics (ketamine, propofol and isoflurane) on IOP, heart rate (HR) and blood pressure in dogs.MethodsIn this study, 10 dogs participated in three treatments using a randomised cross‐over design, with a 1‐week washout period between each treatment. Dogs in all treatments were premedicated with medetomidine and midazolam. Anaesthesia was induced using ketamine, propofol, or isoflurane and maintained for 60 min with the appropriate doses of each drug. The cardiovascular variables (heart rate, and systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures) and IOP were measured at different timepoints: before premedication (baseline values, T‐Bas), 15 min after medetomidine administration (T‐Med), 20 min after midazolam administration (T‐Mid) and at 15 (T‐15), 30 (T‐30), 45 (T‐45) and 60 (T‐60) min after anaesthesia induction.ResultsMedetomidine significantly reduced the IOP and HR and did not significantly change the mean arterial pressure (MAP). Midazolam significantly reduced the IOP while did not significantly change the HR and MAP. Ketamine and isoflurane significantly increased the IOP and HR while did not significantly change the MAP. Propofol significantly increased the HR, but did not cause significant changes in IOP and MAP.ConclusionsConsidering that anaesthetics are typically administered in conjunction with pre‐anaesthetic drugs, the increases in IOP induced by ketamine and isoflurane are not important, as the IOP did not exceed the baseline values. However, further studies are required to investigate these effects in patients with elevated IOP.
Sunnier climes in the UK
Authors: Spellman Greg , Bird Danielle 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEven in the United Kingdom, with its mid‐latitude oceanic climate, solar energy is of increasing importance for maintaining energy supplies and moving towards net zero. Quantification of the solar resource therefore is critical. Measurements of sunshine duration, which are strongly correlated with insolation, indicate a continuation of a brightening trend first identified for other locations 20 years ago. Although there is likely to be some control by atmospheric pollution, decreasing cloudiness may be the main determinant. Application of Jenkinson–Collison surface synoptic indices indicates a strong synoptic control on sunshine duration but does not account for the observed trend in sunshine. This suggests that further research is warranted on circulation‐related cloud attributes.
Interleukin 4 improved adipose-derived stem cells engraftment via interacting with fibro/adipogenic progenitors in dystrophic mice
Authors: Li Huan , Lin Jinfu , Wang Liang , He Ruojie , Li Jing , Chen Menglong , Zhang Weixi , Zhang Cheng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAdipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) therapy shows promise as an effective treatment for dystrophinopathy. Fibro-/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) play an essential role in the myogenesis of muscle satellite cells and contribute to muscle fibrosis and adipocyte infiltration. The interleukin 4 (IL-4) pathway acts as a switch that regulates the functions of FAPs. The interaction between FAPs and engrafted cells remains unclear. In this study, we used a co-culture system to investigate possible crosstalk between the FAPs of dystrophic mice and ADSC overexpressing IL4 (IL4-ADSC) and control ADSC. Systemic transplantation of IL4-ADSC and control ADSC in dystrophic mice was conducted for 16 weeks, after which motor function and molecular improvements were evaluated. Overexpression of IL4 in ADSC significantly promoted myogenesis in vitro, increasing the expression of Pax7, Myogenin, and MyHC. Co-culture indicated that although myoblasts derived from control ADSC promoted adipogenic and fibrogenic differentiation of FAPs, FAPs did not significantly affect myogenesis of ADSC-derived myoblasts. However, overexpression of IL4 in ADSC inhibited their myotube-dependent promotion of FAPs differentiation on the one hand and promoted FAPs to enhance myogenesis on the other. Dystrophic mice administered with IL4-ADSC-derived myoblasts displayed significantly better motor ability, more engrafted cells showing dystrophin expression, and less muscle fibrosis, intramuscular adipocytes, and macrophage infiltration than mice administered control-ADSC-derived myoblasts. In conclusion, IL4 activation enhanced the therapeutic potential of ADSC transplantation in dystrophic mice, possibly by improving the myogenesis of IL4-ADSC and altering the crosstalk between engrafted stem cells and resident FAPs.
Particle Trajectories for Quantum Maps
Authors: Borns-Weil Yonah , Oltman Izak 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe study the trajectories of a semiclassical quantum particle under repeated indirect measurement by Kraus operators, in the setting of the quantized torus. In between measurements, the system evolves via either Hamiltonian propagators or metaplectic operators. We show in both cases the convergence in total variation of the quantum trajectory to its corresponding classical trajectory, as defined by the propagation of a semiclassical defect measure. This convergence holds up to the Ehrenfest time of the classical system, which is larger when the system is “less chaotic.” In addition, we present numerical simulations of these effects. In proving this result, we provide a characterization of a type of semi-classical defect measure we call uniform defect measures. We also prove derivative estimates of a function composed with a flow on the torus.
Higher Siegel–Weil formula for unitary groups: the non-singular terms
Authors: Feng Tony , Yun Zhiwei , Zhang Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe construct special cycles on the moduli stack of hermitian shtukas. We prove an identity between (1) the $r^{\mathrm{th}}$

r
th

central derivative of non-singular Fourier coefficients of a normalized Siegel–Eisenstein series, and (2) the degree of special cycles of “virtual dimension 0” on the moduli stack of hermitian shtukas with $r$
r
legs. This may be viewed as a function-field analogue of the Kudla-Rapoport Conjecture, that has the additional feature of encompassing all higher derivatives of the Eisenstein series.
The solid solution in the system NaMgAl(SO4)3–KMgAl(SO4)3
Authors: Jensen Peter Grouleff , Balic-Zunic Tonci , Nielsen Ulla Gro , Kofoed Philip Miguel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe synthesized six samples in the compositional field NaMgAl(SO4)3–KMgAl(SO4)3 in 20 mol% increments from pure Na to pure K compounds. We investigated them by Powder X-Ray diffraction, 23Na, and 27Al Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. The results confirm NaMgAl(SO4)3 as a unique phase identical to a presumed new mineral found in the fumaroles of Eldfell and Hekla volcanoes in Iceland. It tolerates less than 10 mol% K substitution for Na. There exists a compositional gap to approximately Na0.65K0.35MgAl(SO4)3 from where a solid solution extends to KMgAl(SO4)3. The mineral koryakite [NaKMg2Al2(SO4)6] is a member of the latter solid solution series. The crystal structures of all (Na,K)MgAl(SO4)3 phases are akin to NASICON (NA Super Ionic CONductor). NaMgAl(SO4)3 has $$R\overline{3}c$$

R

3
¯

c

symmetry and a disordered distribution of Mg and Al among the octahedral sites with only one unique site for the alkali atom. The members of the solid solution have $$R\overline{3}$$

R

3
¯

symmetry with ordered Mg–Al distribution and two unique alkali sites with different preferences for Na and K. In the crystal structure, the coordination of Na and/or K is trigonal antiprismatic, and these share bases with two octahedral Mg (Na) or Al (K) coordinations. These polyhedra are arranged in columns parallel to [001] and interconnected by SO4 tetrahedral groups. The alkali atoms from a column lie in the same (001) layers as the octahedrally coordinated atoms from the three neighboring rows. On the same level, parallel to (001), there are gaps in the other three neighboring columns forming channels containing Na+ or K+ ions.