bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A small-molecule TLR4 antagonist reduced neuroinflammation in female E4FAD mice
Authors: Balu Deebika , Valencia-Olvera Ana C. , Nguyen Austin , Patnam Mehul , York Jason , Peri Francesco , Neumann Frank , LaDu Mary Jo , Tai Leon M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
APOE genotype is the greatest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). APOE4 increases AD risk up to 12-fold compared to APOE3, an effect that is greater in females. Evidence suggests that one-way APOE could modulate AD risk and progression through neuroinflammation. Indeed, APOE4 is associated with higher glial activation and cytokine levels in AD patients and mice. Therefore, identifying pathways that contribute to APOE4-associated neuroinflammation is an important approach for understanding and treating AD. Human and in vivo evidence suggests that TLR4, one of the key receptors involved in the innate immune system, could be involved in APOE-modulated neuroinflammation. Consistent with that idea, we previously demonstrated that the TLR4 antagonist IAXO-101 can reduce LPS- and Aβ-induced cytokine secretion in APOE4 glial cultures. Therefore, the goal of this study was to advance these findings and determine whether IAXO-101 can modulate neuroinflammation, Aβ pathology, and behavior in mice that express APOE4.

Methods
We used mice that express five familial AD mutations and human APOE3 (E3FAD) or APOE4 (E4FAD). Female and male E4FAD mice and female E3FAD mice were treated with vehicle or IAXO-101 in two treatment paradigms: prevention from 4 to 6 months of age or reversal from 6 to 7 months of age. Learning and memory were assessed by modified Morris water maze. Aβ deposition, fibrillar amyloid deposition, astrogliosis, and microgliosis were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Soluble levels of Aβ and apoE, insoluble levels of apoE and Aβ, and IL-1β were measured by ELISA.

Results
IAXO-101 treatment resulted in lower Iba-1 coverage, lower number of reactive microglia, and improved memory in female E4FAD mice in both prevention and reversal paradigms. IAXO-101-treated male E4FAD mice also had lower Iba-1 coverage and reactivity in the RVS paradigm, but there was no effect on behavior. There was also no effect of IAXO-101 treatment on neuroinflammation and behavior in female E3FAD mice.

Conclusion
Our data supports that TLR4 is a potential mechanistic therapeutic target for modulating neuroinflammation and cognition in APOE4 females.
Spatial transcriptomics reveal basal sex differences in supraoptic nucleus gene expression of adult rats related to cell signaling and ribosomal pathways
Authors: Nguyen Dianna H. , Duque Victor , Phillips Nicole , Mecawi André Souza , Cunningham J. Thomas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus contains magnocellular neurosecretory cells that secrete the hormones vasopressin and oxytocin. Sex differences in SON gene expression have been relatively unexplored. Our study used spatially resolved transcriptomics to visualize gene expression profiles in the SON of adult male (n = 4) and female (n = 4) Sprague-Dawley rats using Visium Spatial Gene Expression (10x Genomics).

Methods
Briefly, 10-μm coronal sections (~ 4 × 4 mm) containing the SON were collected from each rat and processed using Visium slides and recommended protocols. Data were analyzed using 10x Genomics’ Space Ranger and Loupe Browser applications and other bioinformatic tools. Two unique differential expression (DE) analysis methods, Loupe Browser and DESeq2, were used.

Results
Loupe Browser DE analysis of the SON identified 116 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) common to both sexes (e.g., Avp and Oxt), 31 significant DEGs unique to the males, and 73 significant DEGs unique to the females. DESeq2 analysis revealed 183 significant DEGs between the two groups. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and pathway analyses using significant genes identified via Loupe Browser revealed GO terms and pathways related to (1) neurohypophyseal hormone activity, regulation of peptide hormone secretion, and regulation of ion transport for the significant genes common to both males and females, (2) Gi signaling/G-protein mediated events for the significant genes unique to males, and (3) potassium ion transport/voltage-gated potassium channels for the significant genes unique to females, as some examples. GO/pathway analyses using significant genes identified via DESeq2 comparing female vs. male groups revealed GO terms/pathways related to ribosomal structure/function. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) identified additional sex differences in canonical pathways (e.g., ‘Mitochondrial Dysfunction’, ‘Oxidative Phosphorylation’) and upstream regulators (e.g., CSF3, NFKB complex, TNF, GRIN3A).

Conclusion
There was little overlap in the IPA results for the two different DE methods. These results suggest sex differences in SON gene expression that are associated with cell signaling and ribosomal pathways.
Profiling orthorexia nervosa in young adults: the role of obsessive behaviour, perfectionism, and self-esteem
Authors: Mahfoud Daniella , Pardini Susanna , Mróz Magdalena , Hallit Souheil , Obeid Sahar , Akel Marwan , Novara Caterina , Brytek-Matera Anna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a relatively new potential eating disorder characterized by an intense fixation on one’s eating habits and the imposition of rigid and inflexible rules on oneself. Psychological factors such as obsessive–compulsive tendencies, perfectionism and self-esteem may interact in complex ways and contribute to the development and maintenance of ON.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 977 participants from Italy, Lebanon, and Poland. Participants completed a questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic information, the Eating Habits Questionnaire, Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory, Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-44, Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups of individuals with common psychological characteristics associated with ON.

Results
Three distinct clusters were identified based on their levels of obsession-compulsive beliefs, perfectionism, and self-esteem. The first group, labeled “High Self-Mastery,” consisted of 37.0% of participants and exhibited low levels of obsession-compulsion, obsessive beliefs, and perfectionism, but high self-esteem. The second group, “Moderate Self-Mastery,” comprised 39.5% of participants and had moderate levels of these traits. The third group, “Low Self-Mastery,” consisted of 23.6% of participants and exhibited the highest levels of obsession-compulsion, obsessive beliefs, and perfectionism, but the lowest self-esteem. Additionally, a multivariable analysis revealed that being Lebanese (Beta = 3.39) and belonging to the last cluster (Beta = 4.53) were significantly associated with higher ON tendencies.

Conclusion
Our findings show that individuals with low self-mastery, characterized by low self-esteem and high levels of obsessive perfectionism, are more likely to exhibit ON tendencies. This study emphasizes the need to have a comprehensive understanding of how cultural and psychological factors interact in the development of eating disorders.
Protective factors for psychosocial outcomes following cumulative childhood adversity: systematic review
Authors: Buchanan Mary , Walker Grace , Boden Joseph M. , Mansoor Zara , Newton-Howes Giles 
Published: October 2023

Background
The long-term cumulative impact of exposure to childhood adversity is well documented. There is an increasing body of literature examining protective factors following childhood adversity. However, no known reviews have summarised studies examining protective factors for broad psychosocial outcomes following childhood adversity.

Aims
To summarise the current evidence from longitudinal studies of protective factors for adult psychosocial outcomes following cumulative exposure to childhood adversity.

Method
We conducted a formal systematic review of studies that were longitudinal; were published in a peer-reviewed journal; examined social, environmental or psychological factors that were measured following a cumulative measure of childhood adversity; and resulted in more positive adult psychosocial outcomes.

Results
A total of 28 studies from 23 cohorts were included. Because of significant heterogeneity and conceptual differences in the final sample of articles, a meta-analysis was not conducted. The narrative review identified that social support is a protective factor specifically for mental health outcomes following childhood adversity. Findings also suggest that aspects of education are protective factors to adult socioeconomic, mental health and social outcomes following childhood adversity. Personality factors were protective for a variety of outcomes, particularly mental health. The personality factors were too various to summarise into meaningful combined effects. Overall GRADE quality assessments were low and very low, although these scores mostly reflect that all observational studies are low quality by default.

Conclusions
These findings support strategies that improve connection and access to education following childhood adversity exposure. Further research is needed for the roles of personality and dispositional factors, romantic relationship factors and the combined influences of multiple protective factors.
Prolactin Inhibits or Stimulates the Inflammatory Response of Joint Tissues in a Cytokine-dependent Manner
Authors: García-Rodrigo Jose Fernando , Ortiz Georgina , Martínez-Díaz Oscar Fernando , Furuzawa-Carballeda Janette , Ruíz-Herrera Xarubet , Macias Fernando , Ledesma-Colunga María G , Martínez de la Escalera Gonzalo , Clapp Carmen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The close association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA), sex, reproductive state, and stress has long linked prolactin (PRL) to disease progression. PRL has both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory outcomes in RA, but responsible mechanisms are not understood. Here, we show that PRL modifies in an opposite manner the proinflammatory actions of IL-1β and TNF-α in mouse synovial fibroblasts in culture. Both IL-1β and TNF-α upregulated the metabolic activity and the expression of proinflammatory factors (Il1b, Inos, and Il6) via the activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. However, IL-1β increased and TNF-α decreased the levels of the long PRL receptor isoform in association with dual actions of PRL on synovial fibroblast inflammatory response. PRL reduced the proinflammatory effect and activation of NF-κB by IL-1β but increased TNF-α-induced inflammation and NF-κB signaling. The double-faceted role of PRL against the 2 cytokines manifested also in vivo. IL-1β or TNF-α with or without PRL were injected into the knee joints of healthy mice, and joint inflammation was monitored after 24 hours. IL-1β and TNF-α increased the joint expression of proinflammatory factors and the infiltration of immune cells. PRL prevented the actions of IL-1β but was either inactive or further increased the proinflammatory effect of TNF-α. We conclude that PRL exerts opposite actions on joint inflammation in males and females that depend on specific proinflammatory cytokines, the level of the PRL receptor, and the activation of NF-κB signaling. Dual actions of PRL may help balance joint inflammation in RA and provide insights for development of new treatments.
Inscribing New Infrastructural Relations into the World
Authors: Attewell Wesley , Mitchell-Eaton Emily , Nisa Richard , Cowen Deborah , Khalili Laleh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Scholars Deborah Cowen and Laleh Khalili engage in a lively discussion that explores the political stakes of infrastructural projects, the organizing logics that infrastructures advance and curtail, and the importance of highlighting the forms of labor, protest, and “making do” that are shaped by and in infrastructure’s long shadows. They also discuss the possibilities of world-building that move us away from the logics of spatial containment that dispossess and toward infrastructures of freedom, and how the struggles over the terms of these goals are inextricable from particular, local, intimate geographies.
The Wiz Khalifa Controversy and Hip-Hop's Pablo Escobar Archives
Authors: Esquivel-Suarez Fernando 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article analyzes the controversy caused in 2017 by US rapper Wiz Khalifa's narco-tour photos in Medellín, Colombia. Narco-tours are day-long excursions through the mobster Pablo Escobar's landmarks in the city: his properties, the neighborhoods he built, and the roof where the police killed him after years of waging war against the Colombian state. Unlike the polemic films and series on the Colombian drug lord, the Wiz Khalifa controversy was the first time an outcry about the depiction of Escobar was aimed at a US Black artist, particularly a rapper. The outraged reaction exhibited by politicians, audiences, and the national media reveal an unexplored archive of exchanges, miscommunications, and negotiations between, on one hand, a long list of hip-hop household names—including Jay-Z, Nas, Kanye West, Lil Wayne, and many others—who have incorporated the image of Escobar in their music, lyrics, aesthetics, and rhetoric and, on the other hand, Colombian institutional memorialization of the war on drugs. The author argues that Wiz Khalifa's pictures exemplify how mainstream hip-hop brings together the images of the Black American “hustler” and the Latin American “narco.” The juxtaposition of these two images is a denunciation of the similar conditions in Colombia and the United States that force people into the trade as well as a complicated and gory representation of the neoliberal ethos Escobar represents. The article concludes by registering how hip-hop's artistic uses of “Pablo”—as Escobar is known in the genre—clash with Colombian elites’ iconoclastic and moralistic stance in opposition to any representation of Escobar in the media.
Vertebral Artery to Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass for Flow Augmentation
Authors: Bram Richard , Almadidy Zayed , Souter John , Roskova Ivana , Charbel Fady T. 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:
Extracranial–intracranial bypass remains an enduring procedure for a select group of patients suffering from steno-occlusive cerebrovascular disease. Although the superficial temporal artery (STA) to middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass is most familiar among neurosurgeons, particular circumstances preclude the use of an STA donor. In such cases, alternative revascularization strategies must be pursued.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
A 63-year-old female presented with symptoms of hemodynamic insufficiency and was found to have left common carotid artery occlusion at the origin. She experienced progressive watershed ischemia and pressure-dependent fluctuations in her neurological examination despite maximum medical therapy. The ipsilateral STA was unsuitable for use as a donor vessel. We performed an extracranial vertebral artery (VA) to MCA bypass with a radial artery interposition graft.

CONCLUSION:
This technical case description and accompanying surgical video review the relevant anatomy and surgical technique for a VA-MCA bypass. The patient was ultimately discharged home at her preoperative neurological baseline with patency of the bypass. The VA can serve as a useful donor vessel for cerebral revascularization procedures in pathologies ranging from malignancies of the head and neck to cerebral aneurysms and cerebrovascular steno-occlusive disease.
Virtual Shareholder Meetings
Authors: Brochet Francois , Chychyla Roman , Ferri Fabrizio 
Published: October 2023

We examine determinants and consequences of virtual shareholder meetings (VSMs) using a sample of voluntary (precoronavirus disease 2019) and forced (i.e., because of coronavirus disease 2019) VSM adopters. Voluntary adopters are tech firms and firms traditionally more engaged with shareholders, consistent with the stated objective to increase shareholder participation. In contrast, we do not find that firms choose the virtual format to avoid shareholders’ scrutiny. Textual analysis of transcripts suggests that in VSMs, business presentations by management are less frequent, shorter, and more generic but only among voluntary adopters, suggesting that these properties reflect a firm’s choice rather than are a by-product of the virtual format per se. VSMs are more likely to exhibit no questions during the question and answer period, but conditioned upon having one question, they exhibit the same number of questions; such questions are more negative in tone, inconsistent with managers using the virtual format to filter out hostile questions. Finally, there is some evidence of greater abnormal absolute returns around VSMs, supporting the notion that greater attendance translates into greater information content. Overall, VSMs exhibit less activity on average, consistent with critics’ concerns, but such reduced activity does not appear to cause a loss in information content nor does it appear to reflect an attempt to avoid scrutiny. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4946 .
Contrarians, Extrapolators, and Stock Market Momentum and Reversal
Authors: Atmaz Adem , Gulen Huseyin , Cassella Stefano , Ruan Fangcheng 
Published: October 2023

We document considerable cross-investor variation in survey expectations about aggregate stock market returns. Although most investors are extrapolators who expect higher returns after a good market performance, some are contrarians who expect lower returns after a good performance. More notably, compared with extrapolators, contrarians have less persistent expectations that are corrected more quickly. We then develop a dynamic equilibrium model accounting for these differences in expectations and find that the equilibrium stock price exhibits short-term momentum and long-term reversal as in the data. Furthermore, we test the key predictions of our model linking the observable differences in extrapolators’ and contrarians’ expectations to aggregate stock market momentum and future stock performance and find supportive evidence for our model mechanism.This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance.Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4960 .
Placental characteristics and neonatal weights among women with malaria-preeclampsia comorbidity and healthy pregnancies
Authors: Lwamulungi Everett , Qureshi Zahida , Obimbo Moses , Ogutu Omondi , Cheserem Eunice , Kosgei Rose J. , Walong Edwin , Inyangala Dennis , Nyakundi George G. , Ndavi Patrick M. , Osoti Alfred O. , Ondieki Diana K. , Pulei Anne N. , Njoroge Anne , Masyuko Sarah , Wachira Cyrus M. 
Published: October 2023

Background
Malaria and preeclampsia are leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. They contribute significantly to poor perinatal outcomes like low neonatal weight by causing considerable placental morphological changes that impair placental function. Previous studies have described the effects of either condition on the placental structure but the structure of the placenta in malaria-preeclampsia comorbidity is largely understudied despite its high burden. This study aimed to compare the placental characteristics and neonatal weights among women with malaria-preeclampsia comorbidity versus those with healthy pregnancies.

Methodology
We conducted a retrospective cohort study among 24 women with malaria-preeclampsia comorbidity and 24 women with healthy pregnancies at a County Hospital in Western Kenya. Neonatal weights, gross and histo-morphometric placental characteristics were compared among the two groups.

Results
There was a significant reduction in neonatal weights (P<0.001), placental weights (P = 0.028), cord length (P<0.001), and cord diameter (P<0.001) among women with malaria-preeclampsia comorbidity compared to those with healthy pregnancies. There was also a significant reduction in villous maturity (P = 0.016) and villous volume density (P = 0.012) with increased villous vascularity (P<0.007) among women with malaria-preeclampsia comorbidity compared to those with healthy pregnancies.

Conclusion
Placental villous maturity and villous volume density are significantly reduced in patients with malaria-preeclampsia comorbidity with a compensatory increase in villous vascularity. This leads to impaired placental function that contributes to lower neonatal weights.
Integrated care in patients with atrial fibrillation- a predictive heterogeneous treatment effect analysis of the ALL-IN trial
Authors: Trinks-Roerdink Emmy M. , Geersing Geert-Jan , van den Dries Carline J. , Hemels Martin E. W. , Rienstra Michiel , van Gelder Isabelle C. , van Smeden Maarten , van Klaveren David , Kent David M. , Rutten Frans H. , van Doorn Sander 
Published: October 2023

Introduction
Integrated care is effective in reducing all-cause mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in primary care, though time and resource intensive. The aim of the current study was to assess whether integrated care should be directed at all AF patients equally.

Methods
The ALL-IN trial (n = 1,240 patients, median age 77 years) was a cluster-randomized trial in which primary care practices were randomized to provide integrated care or usual care to AF patients aged 65 years and older. Integrated care comprised of (i) anticoagulation monitoring, (ii) quarterly checkups and (iii) easy-access consultation with cardiologists. For the current analysis, cox proportional hazard analysis with all clinical variables from the CHA2DS2-VASc score was used to predict all-cause mortality in the ALL-IN trial. Subsequently, the hazard ratio and absolute risk reduction were plotted as a function of this predicted mortality risk to explore treatment heterogeneity.

Results
Under usual care, after a median of 2 years follow-up the absolute risk of all-cause mortality in the highest-risk quarter was 31.0%, compared to 4.6% in the lowest-risk quarter. On the relative scale, there was no evidence of treatment heterogeneity (p for interaction = 0.90). However, there was substantial treatment heterogeneity on the absolute scale: risk reduction in the lowest risk- quarter of risk 3.3% (95% CI -0.4% - 7.0) compared to 12.0% (95% CI 2.7% - 22.0) in the highest risk quarter.

Conclusion
While the relative degree of benefit from integrated AF care is similar in all patients, patients with a high all-cause mortality risk have a greater benefit on an absolute scale and should therefore be prioritized when implementing integrated care.