bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid detection of grass carp reovirus type 1 using RPA-based test strips combined with CRISPR Cas13a system
Authors: Li Huaming , Cao Xinyue , Chen Ruige , Guang Min , Xu Mengran , Wu Xiaomin , Yang Rongrong , Lei Liancheng , Zhang Fuxian 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionDue to the existence of grass carp reovirus (GCRV), grass carp hemorrhagic disease occurs frequently, and its high pathogenicity and infectivity are great challenges to the aquaculture industry. As a highly pathogenic pathogen, the outbreak of hemorrhagic disease often causes tremendous economic losses. Therefore, it is important to rapidly and accurately detect GCRV on site to control timely.MethodsIn this study, recombinant enzyme amplification (RPA) combined with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas13a system was employed to establish a method to detect the vp7 gene of grass carp reovirus type 1. This method can be adopted for judging the results by collecting fluorescence signal, ultraviolet excitation visual fluorescence and test strip.ResultsCombined with the RPA amplification experiment, the detection limit of the RPA-CRISPR method can reach 7.2 × 101 copies/μL of vp7 gene per reaction, and the detection process can be completed within 1 h. In addition, this method had no cross-reaction with the other 11 common aquatic pathogens. Then, the performance of the RPA-CRISPR/Cas13a detection method was evaluated by comparing it with the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR detection method of clinical samples. The results of RPA-CRISPR/Cas13a detection were shown to be in consistence with the results obtained from the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR detection. The coincidence rate of this method with 26 GCRV clinical samples was 92.31%.DiscussionIn summary, this method has high sensitivity, specificity and on-site practicability for detecting GCRV type 1, and has great application potential in on-site GCRV monitoring.
Insufficiencies in sensory systems reweighting is associated with walking impairment severity in chronic stroke: an observational cohort study
Authors: Awosika Oluwole O. , Garver Amanda , Drury Colin , Sucharew Heidi J. , Boyne Pierce , Schwab Sarah M. , Wasik Emily , Earnest Melinda , Dunning Kari , Bhattacharya Amit , Khatri Pooja , Kissela Brett M. 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundWalking and balance impairment are common sequelae of stroke and significantly impact functional independence, morbidity, and mortality. Adequate postural stability is needed for walking, which requires sufficient integration of sensory information between the visual, somatosensory, and vestibular centers. “Sensory reweighting” describes the normal physiologic response needed to maintain postural stability in the absence of sufficient visual or somatosensory information and is believed to play a critical role in preserving postural stability after stroke. However, the extent to which sensory reweighting successfully maintains postural stability in the chronic stages of stroke and its potential impact on walking function remains understudied.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, fifty-eight community-dwelling ambulatory chronic stroke survivors underwent baseline postural stability testing during quiet stance using the modified Clinical test of Sensory Interaction in Balance (mCTSIB) and assessment of spatiotemporal gait parameters.ResultsSeventy-six percent (45/58) of participants showed sufficient sensory reweighting with visual and somatosensory deprivation for maintaining postural stability, albeit with greater postural sway velocity indices than normative data. In contrast, survivors with insufficient reweighting demonstrated markedly slower overground walking speeds, greater spatiotemporal asymmetry, and limited acceleration potential.ConclusionAdequate sensory system reweighting is essential for chronic stroke survivors’ postural stability and walking independence. Greater emphasis should be placed on rehabilitation strategies incorporating multisensory system integration testing and strengthening as part of walking rehabilitation protocols. Given its potential impact on outcomes, walking rehabilitation trials may benefit from incorporating formal postural stability testing in design and group stratification.
Use of magnetic source imaging to assess recovery after severe traumatic brain injury—an MEG pilot study
Authors: Sarma Anand Karthik , Popli Gautam , Anzalone Anthony , Contillo Nicholas , Cornell Cassandra , Nunn Andrew M. , Rowland Jared A. , Godwin Dwayne W. , Flashman Laura A. , Couture Daniel , Stapleton-Kotloski Jennifer R. 
Published: November 2023

RationaleSevere TBI (sTBI) is a devastating neurological injury that comprises a significant global trauma burden. Early comprehensive neurocritical care and rehabilitation improve outcomes for such patients, although better diagnostic and prognostic tools are necessary to guide personalized treatment plans.MethodsIn this study, we explored the feasibility of conducting resting state magnetoencephalography (MEG) in a case series of sTBI patients acutely after injury (~7 days), and then about 1.5 and 8 months after injury. Synthetic aperture magnetometry (SAM) was utilized to localize source power in the canonical frequency bands of delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma, as well as DC–80 Hz.ResultsAt the first scan, SAM source maps revealed zones of hypofunction, islands of preserved activity, and hemispheric asymmetry across bandwidths, with markedly reduced power on the side of injury for each patient. GCS scores improved at scan 2 and by scan 3 the patients were ambulatory. The SAM maps for scans 2 and 3 varied, with most patients showing increasing power over time, especially in gamma, but a continued reduction in power in damaged areas and hemispheric asymmetry and/or relative diminishment in power at the site of injury. At the group level for scan 1, there was a large excess of neural generators operating within the delta band relative to control participants, while the number of neural generators for beta and gamma were significantly reduced. At scan 2 there was increased beta power relative to controls. At scan 3 there was increased group-wise delta power in comparison to controls.ConclusionIn summary, this pilot study shows that MEG can be safely used to monitor and track the recovery of brain function in patients with severe TBI as well as to identify patient-specific regions of decreased or altered brain function. Such MEG maps of brain function may be used in the future to tailor patient-specific rehabilitation plans to target regions of altered spectral power with neurostimulation and other treatments.
Brief instrument for direct complex functionality assessment: a new ecological tool
Authors: Holz Maila Rossato , Kochhann Renata , da Silva Patrícia Ferreira , Wilson Maximiliano A. , Fonseca Rochele Paz 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe Direct Assessment of Functional Status (DAFS) is the only instrument validated in Brazil that assesses functionality directly with the patient. However, this clinical tool takes a long time to be administered. This limits its use in hospitals and outpatient clinics that require brief assessment instruments. Additionally, we need to count with a direct assessment because the number of older adults living alone is increasing and we thus lack reliable informants.ObjectiveThis study aimed to present the development and content validity evidence of a direct complex functionality test for older adults, the Brief Instrument for Direct Functionality Assessment (BIDFA).MethodA total sample of 30 older adults and eight expert judges took part in the study stages. The BIDFA construction stages were: (1) literature review of functionality instruments; (2) development of seven ecological tasks to evaluate the performance of daily complex activities with the older adults; (3) content analysis by eight expert judges; (4) pilot study with 30 older adults; (5) the ecological analysis of items; (6) focus group analysis; and (7) final version of the BIDFA.ResultsThe BIDFA had evidence of content validity with an agreement index of 96.5%. The final version of BIDFA was left with six domains of complex functionality divided into semantic memory and time orientation; shopping skills; executive attention, math and finance skills; organization; planning and procedural memory; and problem-solving. The complex functionality score by BIDFA ranges from 0 to 100 points.ConclusionThe BIDFA was found to have good content validity by the expert judges and by the ecological analysis of the items by the older adults. The new instrument is expected to help assess the functional status of older adults, in an abbreviated context including complex functionality demands, with a wider range of total and subdomain scores.
Vitamin D levels in the pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic periods in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Parra-Ortega Israel , Zurita-Cruz Jessie Nallely , Ortiz-Flores Itzel , Romero-Navarro Benjamin , Villasis-Keever Miguel Angel , Martínez Briceida López , Domínguez-Castillo Veronica , Romo-Vázquez José Carlos 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionVitamin D (VD) deficiency is common in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) because of multiple factors. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it increased because of medicine shortage and no enough medical service for patients with non-COVID-19 diseases.ObjectiveTo analyze the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic-related lockdown on the serum levels and status of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-[OH]D) in children with CKD.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study included patients (6–18 years old) who were diagnosed with CKD stage 2–5 and routinely measured for serum VD levels between May 2019 and December 2022. Serum 25-(OH)D levels were measured before, during, and after the pandemic (2019, 2020–2021, and 2022, respectively). The daily dose of cholecalciferol supplementation and the readjustment (if required) were recorded.ResultsThis study included 171 patients (median age: 12 years). Before the pandemic, the median serum VD level was 25.0 ng/mL (19.3% VD deficiency). Then, VD supplementation was adjusted to 400–1,200 UI daily in 98.8% (n = 169) of patients. During the pandemic, the median VD level decreased to 22.5 ng/mL (43.3% VD deficiency). Hence, the supplementation was readjusted, and after the pandemic, the level was 28.7 ng/mL (18.7% VD deficiency), indicating a statistically significant increase in serum VD levels from the prepandemic period (p = 0.007).ConclusionDecreased serum VD levels and increased VD deficiency frequency were observed in patients with CKD during the COVID-19 but improved after readjustment of supplementation.
Numerical simulation of upper airway heat transfer in children with mandibular retrognathia during inspiratory process
Authors: Gao Yikai , Liu Hongyu , Liu Na , Zhang Li 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThe human upper airway regulates temperature, but its heating capacity remains unclear when the ambient temperature is low and the airway structure is abnormal. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the heat transfer characteristics of the upper airway in patients with mandibular retrognathia, and to quantitatively evaluate the influence of ambient temperature on the temperature field of the upper airway, which could provide a valuable reference for the prediction, diagnosis and treatment of respiratory tract related diseases.MethodsTwo typical ambient temperatures of —10 °C and 20 °C were selected to numerically simulate the air flow and heat transfer synchronization in the upper airway model of mandibular retrognathia under quiet breathing and heavy breathing.Results and discussionThe results showed that the inspired air could not be sufficiently heated after flowing through the upper airway and main trachea in the two breathing states under low temperature conditions, and the inferior bronchus was more stimulated under the state of heavy breathing. In addition, the vortex flow structure in the upper airway can enhance the convective heat transfer effect in the corresponding area.
Impact of COVID-19 restrictions on health and well-being in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Dalibalta Sarah , Ghader Nariman , Rabah Layal , Shaban Sami , Al Mheiri Noor 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundRestrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic are thought to have impacted both the physical health and well-being of individuals where lockdown was applied. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) was one of the leading countries in implementing the international guidelines to limit the intensely contagious nature of the outbreak.AimTo identify the impact of COVID-19 on changes to exercise and general physical activity habits, changes to the consumption of various foods and potential weight gain, as well as any differences in smoking habits among individuals residing in the UAE during the COVID-19 quarantine.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional analytical study that used a quantitative electronic questionnaire sent by the Ministry of Health and Prevention to individuals on its platform in order to collect data on the physical health and well-being of a UAE sample population. A total of 2,362 responses were received to specific questions on physical activity, eating habits, and tobacco use for the period before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to display the sample’s demographic data and the changes in physical health and well-being. Paired t-test was used to show the changes in dietary habits.ResultsThis study reveals concerning changes in health risk behaviors during the COVID-19 lockdown in the UAE. Physical activity levels declined across mild, moderate and vigorous ranges in most participants. Alarmingly, sedentary behavior dramatically increased with 71% of participants spending an average of 4–8 h per day sitting and over 54% of participants spending more than 4 h watching TV on an average day during lockdown. Fast-food consumption and snacking rose, hence weight gain was observed in over 53% of participants. Smoking habits, especially among cigarette smokers, may have worsened, with 45.2% reporting an increase in cigarette smoking, 16.8% declaring an increase in shisha smoking and 35.3% reporting an increase in smoking other tobacco products. These unfavorable behaviors during confinement could have serious long-term health consequences.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that long periods of home quarantine may have led to unhealthy consequences that increase the risk of developing disease. This study therefore aims to highlight these health impacts, and recommend strategies and policies that can encourage healthy habits.
The Utah psychotropic oversight program: collaboratively addressing antipsychotic use within youth in foster care without prior authorization
Authors: Monson Eric T. , Shastri Sachi , Chen Danli , Madden Stacy L. , Keeshin Brooks R. 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesFostered youth have increased risk of exposure to trauma. Antipsychotic medications are often utilized within the foster care system, potentially to address problematic behaviors that may be associated with trauma. The Utah Psychotropic Oversight Program (UPOP) was formed to support prescribers and encourage evidence-based treatment approaches for fostered youth. However, it is unclear what impact an oversight program can have on a high turnover population and without tools such as prior authorization. This study evaluates 4 years of collected data from the UPOP program for efficacy and to identify future intervention targets.MethodsDeidentified data were collected as a routine function of the oversight program over 4 years (01/2019-12/2022), from individuals aged 0–18 years old (total N = 8,523, 48.3% female). UPOP oversight criteria: ≤6yo + any psychotropic medication, ≥7yo + 2 or more psychotropic medications. For this analysis, youth were divided by UPOP individuals ever receiving an antipsychotic (AP) prescription (UPOP_AP; N = 755, 42.3% female) or not (UPOP_NAP, N = 1,006, 48.3% female) and non-UPOP fostered (N = 6,762, 48.9% female). Comparisons were made across demographic and clinical variables via ANOVA, Chi-square, unpaired t-test, and logistic regression.ResultsUPOP_AP more likely to be older males with behavioral diagnoses, increased polypharmacy, longer duration of fostering, and higher care level. AP prescription rates dropped from 52.8 to 39.1% for males and 43.3 to 38.2% in females with unchanged number of psychotropic prescriptions and care level across 2019-2022. UPOP_AP that discontinued AP treatment had fewer average psychotropic medications, but increased antidepressant and sleep prescriptions, as compared with individuals that remained on AP.ConclusionYouth within the foster care system receive antipsychotics at high rates and in an uneven distribution. Prescribing practices can change in the context of supportive oversight programs without components such as prior authorization, and without increasing the need for higher levels of care. Specific emphasis on the treatment of mood, anxiety, and sleep issues may also lead to greater success in discontinuing AP treatment. Oversight may support treatment providers while reducing exposure to medications with considerable side effect burden that could cause future comorbidity.
Joint association of sleep duration and physical activity with cognitive performance among Chinese adults: an analysis of nationally representative survey data
Authors: Tao Huan , Wang Tao , Jia Yong-Qian 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundAlthough previous studies have identified that both physical activity and sleep problems are independently associated with decreased risk of cognitive function. However, the joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with cognitive function was rarely studied.MethodsA total of 21,128 participants who had records from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2018 were included in this study. Linear regression was used to examine the associations of joint between physical activity and sleep duration with cognitive function in the nationally representative survey data.ResultsCompared with individuals reporting 150 min/week or more of activity, those reporting no physical activity had a 116% higher risk of getting lower vocabulary scores (coefficient: -1.16, 95% CI: −1.55 ~ −0.78) and a 61% higher risk of getting lower mathematics scores (coefficient: -0.61, 95% CI: −0.78 ~ −0.44). Compared with those who slept for 7–10 h/day, those who slept more than 10 h/day had the lower vocabulary scores (coefficient: −1.34, 95% CI: −1.86 ~ −0.83) and mathematics scores (coefficient: −0.68, −0.94 ~ −0.42). The results of joint analysis showed that the adjusted coefficient for vocabulary scores were − 2.58 (95% CI, −3.33 ~ −1.82) for individuals reporting no physical activity and sleeping for 10 h/day, and − 1.00 (95% CI, −1.88 ~ −0.12) for individuals reporting more than 150 min/week and sleeping for 10 h/day, compared with those who reported a sleep duration for 7–10 h/day and more than 150 min/week physical activity, Any level of physical activity combined with longer sleep duration (≥10 h/day) was associated with a higher risk of getting low mathematics scores.ConclusionAppropriate sleep and sufficient physical activity together may have amplified association on cognitive performance, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive healthy lifestyle.
Key risk factors associated with fractal dimension based geographical clustering of COVID-19 data in the Flemish and Brussels region, Belgium
Authors: Natalia Yessika Adelwin , Faes Christel , Neyens Thomas , Hammami Naïma , Molenberghs Geert 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionCOVID-19 remains a major concern globally. Therefore, it is important to evaluate COVID-19's rapidly changing trends. The fractal dimension has been proposed as a viable method to characterize COVID-19 curves since epidemic data is often subject to considerable heterogeneity. In this study, we aim to investigate the association between various socio-demographic factors and the complexity of the COVID-19 curve as quantified through its fractal dimension.MethodsWe collected population indicators data (ethnic composition, socioeconomic status, number of inhabitants, population density, the older adult population proportion, vaccination rate, satisfaction, and trust in the government) at the level of the statistical sector in Belgium. We compared these data with fractal dimension indicators of COVID-19 incidence between 1 January – 31 December 2021 using canonical correlation analysis.ResultsOur results showed that these population indicators have a significant association with COVID-19 incidences, with the highest explanatory and predictive power coming from the number of inhabitants, population density, and ethnic composition.ConclusionIt is important to monitor these population indicators during a pandemic, especially when dealing with targeted interventions for a specific population.
Employee attitudes toward suicide prevention and Counseling on Access to Lethal Means: initial findings from an academic medical center implementing the Zero Suicide framework
Authors: Jasperson Rachael A. , Sullivan Emily , Goldstein Evan V. 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionZero Suicide is a strategic framework designed to transform a healthcare system’s suicide prevention activities. In 2020, University of Utah Health launched a Zero Suicide program and Counseling on Access to Lethal Means (CALM) training for its employees. In 2022, the healthcare system surveyed its workforce’s attitudes toward suicide prevention and CALM. We sought to evaluate employees’ attitudes and behaviors toward suicide prevention and CALM training following the launch of the Zero Suicide program.MethodsA Zero Suicide Workforce Survey was administered online through REDCap to all University of Utah Health employees. The analytic sample included 3,345 respondents. We used two-portion z-tests to compare the proportions of respondents who (1) completed CALM training and (2) did not yet complete the CALM training because they felt it was irrelevant to their position by different employee characteristics.ResultsMore than half of the respondents in the analytic sample were directly interacting with patients who may be at risk for suicide (57.6%). About 8.4% of the respondents had completed CALM training. Among those who had not yet completed CALM training, 9.5% indicated they did not think CALM was relevant to their job. Respondents knowledgeable about warning signs for suicide and respondents who were confident in their ability to respond when suspecting elevated suicide risk were significantly more likely to complete CALM training.DiscussionThis evaluation provides important insights from the workforce of a large academic medical center implementing a Zero Suicide program, including insights on opportunities for improving program implementation and evaluation.