bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust surface light scattering spectroscopy for fluid interfaces
Authors: Visco Angelo S , Baldwin Alan R , Belgovskiy Alexander I , Mann J Adin , Meyer William V , Smart Anthony E , Thapa Nabin K , Mann Elizabeth K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Surface Light Scattering Spectroscopy (SLSS) can characterize the dynamics of an interface between two immiscible fluids by measuring the frequency spectrum of coherent light scattered from thermophysical fluctuations—‘ripplons’. In principle, and for many interfaces, SLSS can simultaneously measure surface tension and viscosity, with the potential for higher-order properties, such as surface elasticity and bending moments. Previously, this has been challenging. We describe and present some measurements from an instrument with improvements in optical design, specimen access, vibrational stability, signal-to-noise ratio, electronics, and data processing. Quantitative improvements include total internal reflection at the interface to enhance the typically available signal by a factor of order 40 and optical improvements that minimize adverse effects of sloshing induced by external vibrations. Information retrieval is based on a comprehensive surface response function, an instrument function, which compensates for real geometrical and optical limitations, and processing of almost real-time data to report results and their likely accuracy. Detailed models may be fit to the power spectrum in real time. The raw one-dimensional digitized data stream is archived to allow post-experiment processing. This paper reports a system design and implementation that offers substantial improvements in accuracy, simplicity, ease of use, and cost. The presented data are for systems in regions of low viscosity where the ripplons are underdamped, but the hardware described is more widely applicable.
Test of 116CdWO4 and Li2MoO4 scintillating bolometers in the CROSS underground facility with upgraded detector suspension
Authors: Ahmine A. , Bandac I.C. , Barabash A.S. , Berest V. , Bergé L. , Calvo-Mozota J.M. , Carniti P. , Chapellier M. , Dafinei I. , Danevich F.A. , Dixon T. , Dumoulin L. , Ferri F. , Giuliani A. , Gotti C. , Gras P. , Helis D.L. , Ianni A. , Imbert L. , Khalife H. , Kobychev V.V. , Konovalov S.I. , Loaiza P. , de Marcillac P. , Marnieros S. , Marrache-Kikuchi C.A. , Martinez M. , Nones C. , Olivieri E. , Ortiz de Solórzano A. , Peinaud Y. , Pessina G. , Poda D.V. , Redon Th. , Rosier Ph. , Scarpaci J.A. , Tretyak V.I. , Umatov V.I. , Velazquez M. , Zarytskyy M.M. , Zolotarova A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In preparation for the CROSS experiment to search for
double-beta (2β) decay of 100Mo, we upgraded a
low-background facility at the Canfranc underground laboratory
(Spain) by installing a magnetic damping-based detector suspension
inside a pulse-tube cryostat. We tested the suspension in
low-temperature (15 mK) measurements with two scintillating
bolometers made of large-volume crystals of 116CdWO4
(reference of the set-up) and Li2MoO4 (R&D of the CLYMENE
project in view of the CUPID 2β experiment), each coupled to a
thin Ge bolometric light detector. Despite the evidence of a
residual pulse-tube-induced noise, picked up by cabling, we achieved
high performance with all tested devices. In particular, the energy
resolution for 2615 keV γ-ray measured with both
116CdWO4 and Li2MoO4 bolometers is ∼6 keV FWHM,
among the best-reported results for thermal detectors based on such
compounds representing a great interest to searches for 2β
decay in 116Cd (Q-value is 2813 keV) and 100Mo
(3034 keV) respectively. Highly efficient particle identification
(αα vs. β/γ) is achieved also with the
scintillating bolometer made of a low light yield crystal
(Li2MoO4), thanks to the low noise (10 eV RMS) exhibited by
the light detector exploiting the Neganov-Trofimov-Luke effect for
signal amplification. We also found a rather high level of
radiopurity in the Li2MoO4 crystal; only traces of 210Po
and 226Ra were detected (∼0.1 mBq/kg each), while the
228Th activity is expected to be at least an order of magnitude
lower, as well as a 40K activity is below 6 mBq/kg.
Comment on ‘In complexity we trust: learning from the socialist calculation debate for ecosystem management’
Authors: Bingham Logan Robert , Van Kleunen Lucy , Kolisnyk Bohdan , Nahorna Olha , Tupinambà-Simões Frederico , Reynolds Keith , Yousefpour Rasoul , Knoke Thomas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Using a metaphor based on a historical debate between socialist and free-market economists, Salliou and Stritih (Environ. Res. Lett.
18 151001) advocate for decentralizing environmental management to harness emergent complexity and promote ecosystem health. Concerningly, however, their account seems to leave little room for top-down processes like government-led sustainability programs or centrally-planned conservation initiatives, the cornerstone of the post-2020 biodiversity framework. While we appreciate their call for humbleness, we offer a few words in defense of planning. Drawing on evidence from ecology, economics, and systems theory, we argue that (1) more complexity is not always better; (2) even if it were, mimicking minimally-regulated markets is probably not the best way to get it; and (3) sophisticated decision support tools can support humble planning under uncertainty. We sketch a re-interpretation of the socialist calculation debate that highlights the role of synthesis and theoretical pluralism. Rather than abandoning big-picture thinking, scientists must continue the difficult work of strengthening connections between and across multiple social, ecological, and policy scales.
Fracture parameters of woven jute fibre reinforced axial flow fan blade material: an experimental investigation and FEA analysis
Authors: Chinta Venkata Sushma , Amireddy Kiran Kumar , Reddy P Ravinder , Prasad Koorapati Eshwar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Airflow required for the heat and mass transfer in industrial applications is often provided by axial flow fans. Glass fibre reinforced polymers (GFRP) are most often used to make these fan blades. The usage of glass fibres in composite materials is growing. By 2025, the global market for glass fibres will be worth 16.5 billion pounds. However, non-biodegradable composite reinforcement has major ecological and human health concerns, especially when reaching the end of its operational lifespan. Until now, industries have shown a strong inclination to use GFRP without adequately contemplating the potential consequences associated with their disposal. The economic viability of glass fibre recycling is questionable. However, natural fibres like jute and fibres extracted from vegetable plants are of much popular among academics and researchers due to their sustainability and ease of use. So, they’re suitable for making polymer composites. The amount of natural fibres that may be added to GFRP composites without materially altering their mechanical characteristics is a crucial factor in improving their decreased embodied emissions and biodegradability after service life. In this work the material

C

1

represents an 18-ft axial flow fan blade material made of GFRP. This study used the term

C

1

denotes the specific material utilised in the fabrication of 18-feet axial flow fan blades for industrial purposes. By substituting one layer of

C

1

with woven jute and changing its position in it, the materials

C

2

through

C

6

are produced. All the materials are tested for fracture parameters like plane strain fracture toughness

(
K

1
C

)

and Critical strain energy release rate

(

G

1
C

)

as per ASTM D-5045. The results were validated by using finite element models implemented in a commercially available software ANSYS R19.2. The optimal layup sequence for fan blade material with single-layer woven jute reinforcement was found, which preserves fracture properties, also improves biodegradability after service life.
COVID’s long shadow: How SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 severity, and vaccination status affect long-term cognitive performance and health
Authors: Flegr Jaroslav , Latifi Ashkan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCOVID-19 affects a variety of organs and systems of the body including the central nervous system. Recent research has shown that COVID-19 survivors often experience neurological and psychiatric complications that can last for months after infection. We conducted a large Internet study using online tests to analyze the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 severity, and vaccination on health, intelligence, memory, and information processing precision and speed in a cohort of 4445 subjects. We found that both SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity were associated with negative impacts on patients’ health. Furthermore, we observed a negative association between COVID-19 severity and cognitive performance. Younger participants had a higher likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 contraction, while the elderly had a higher likelihood of severe COVID-19 and vaccination. The association between age and COVID-19 severity was primarily mediated by older participants’ impaired long-term health. Vaccination was positively associated with intelligence and the precision of information processing. However, the positive association between vaccination and intelligence was likely mediated by achieved education, which was itself strongly associated with the likelihood of being vaccinated.
Evaluating Fast Track Social Work-Qualifying Programmes: Have We Learnt Anything?
Authors: Smith Roger 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article reflects on the cumulative outputs of evaluations of the various fast track qualifying programmes introduced into social work education in England over the past decade or so, in order to draw out some of the wider lessons available to us. The fast track programmes were introduced in response to a range of concerns about recruitment and retention within social work as well as the quality of provision within existing educational programmes. Subsequent evaluations have thus tended to focus on these aspects of fast track programmes in attempting to assess their merits and achievements. However, it is argued here that the substantial findings generated are capable of further analysis and reconsideration in order to generate messages of significance about the systemic and structural implications of this kind of initiative. Although evaluations of these programmes have been the subject of a number of criticisms because of their funding sources and association with programme providers, the aim is to show that their findings nonetheless offer us extensive opportunities to draw more rounded conclusions, which in turn contribute to ongoing debates about the value, contributions and impact of fast track programmes themselves, within and beyond the broader social work domain.
The Microbiome and Infectious Diseases
Authors: Haraoui Louis-Patrick , Blaser Martin J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Our perception of microbes has considerably changed since the recognition of their pathogenic potential in the 19th century. The discovery of antibiotics and their subsequent widespread adoption have substantially altered the landscape of medicine, providing us with treatment options for many infectious diseases and enabling the deployment of previously risky interventions (eg, surgical procedures and chemotherapy), while also leading to the rise of AMR. The latter is commonly viewed as the predominant downside of antibiotic use. However, with the increasing recognition that all metazoan organisms rely on a community of microbes (the microbiota) for normal development and for most physiologic processes, the negative impacts of antibiotic use now extend well beyond AMR.
Using the iceberg as a metaphor, we argue that the effects of antibiotics on AMR represent the tip of the iceberg, with much greater repercussions stemming from their role in the rise of so-called noncommunicable diseases (including obesity, diabetes, allergic and autoimmune diseases, neurodevelopmental disorders, and certain cancers). We highlight some of the emerging science around the intersection of the microbiome, antibiotic use, and health (including biological costs and future therapeutic avenues), and we advocate a more nuanced approach in evaluating the impacts of proposed antibiotic use, especially in the setting of preexposure and postexposure prophylaxis.
Review Article: Safety of Live Biotherapeutic Products Used for the Prevention of Clostridioides difficile Infection Recurrence
Authors: Gonzales-Luna Anne J , Carlson Travis J , Garey Kevin W 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) represent a new class of therapeutics indicated to prevent the recurrence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in adults. However, microbiota-based therapies have been used in CDI management before the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) designated this new drug class. The regulation of these microbiome-based therapies has varied, and several safety concerns have arisen over time. Requirements established by the FDA regarding the development of LBPs minimizes many of these prior concerns, and phase III trials have proven the safety and efficacy of 2 stool donor-derived LBPs: fecal microbiota, live-jslm (Rebyota™; formerly RBX2660) and fecal microbiota spores, live-brpk (Vowst™; formerly SER-109). Mild gastrointestinal side effects are common, but no severe drug-related adverse events have been reported with their use to date. A third LBP entering phase III clinical trials, VE303, follows a novel approach by sourcing bacterial strains from clonal cell banks and has demonstrated a similarly favorable safety profile.
Are rural firms left behind? Firm location and perceived job attractiveness of high-skilled workers
Authors: Jeworrek Sabrina , Brachert Matthias 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We conduct a discrete choice experiment to investigate how the location of a firm in a rural or urban region affects the perceived job attractiveness for university students and graduates and, therewith, contributes to the rural–urban divide. We characterize the attractiveness of a location based on several dimensions (social life, public infrastructure and connectivity) and vary job design and contractual characteristics of the job. We find that job offers from companies in rural areas are generally considered less attractive, regardless of the attractiveness of the region. The negative perception is particularly pronounced among persons of urban origin and singles. In contrast, for individuals with partners and kids this preference is less pronounced. High-skilled individuals who originate from rural areas have no specific regional preference at all.
Differentiating primary and secondary FSGS using non-invasive urine biomarkers
Authors: Catanese Lorenzo , Siwy Justyna , Wendt Ralph , Amann Kerstin , Beige Joachim , Hendry Bruce , Mischak Harald , Mullen William , Paterson Ian , Schiffer Mario , Wolf Michael , Rupprecht Harald 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is divided into genetic, primary (p), uncertain cause, and secondary (s) forms. The subclasses differ in management and prognosis with differentiation often being challenging. We aimed to identify specific urine proteins/peptides discriminating between clinical and biopsy-proven pFSGS and sFSGS.

Methods
Sixty-three urine samples were collected in two different centers (19 pFSGS and 44 sFSGS) prior to biopsy. Samples were analysed using capillary electrophoresis-coupled mass spectrometry. For biomarker definition, datasets of age-/sex-matched normal controls (NC, n = 98) and patients with other chronic kidney diseases (CKDs, n = 100) were extracted from the urinary proteome database. Independent specificity assessment was performed in additional data of NC (n = 110) and CKD (n = 170).

Results
Proteomics data from patients with pFSGS were first compared to NC (n = 98). This resulted in 1179 biomarker (P &lt; 0.05) candidates. Then, the pFSGS group was compared to sFSGS, and in a third step, pFSGS data were compared to data from different CKD etiologies (n = 100). Finally, 93 biomarkers were identified and combined in a classifier, pFSGS93. Total cross-validation of this classifier resulted in an area under the receiving operating curve of 0.95. The specificity investigated in an independent set of NC and CKD of other etiologies was 99.1% for NC and 94.7% for CKD, respectively. The defined biomarkers are largely fragments of different collagens (49%).

Conclusion
A urine peptide-based classifier that selectively detects pFSGS could be developed. Specificity of 95%–99% could be assessed in independent samples. Sensitivity must be confirmed in independent cohorts before routine clinical application.
Identification of loci conferring resistance to 4 foliar diseases of maize
Authors: Qiu Yuting , Adhikari Pragya , Balint-Kurti Peter , Jamann Tiffany 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Foliar diseases of maize are among the most important diseases of maize worldwide. This study focused on 4 major foliar diseases of maize: Goss's wilt, gray leaf spot, northern corn leaf blight, and southern corn leaf blight. QTL mapping for resistance to Goss’s wilt was conducted in 4 disease resistance introgression line populations with Oh7B as the common recurrent parent and Ki3, NC262, NC304, and NC344 as recurrent donor parents. Mapping results for Goss’s wilt resistance were combined with previous studies for gray leaf spot, northern corn leaf blight, and southern corn leaf blight resistance in the same 4 populations. We conducted (1) individual linkage mapping analysis to identify QTL specific to each disease and population; (2) Mahalanobis distance analysis to identify putative multiple disease resistance regions for each population; and 3) joint linkage mapping to identify QTL across the 4 populations for each disease. We identified 3 lines that were resistant to all 4 diseases. We mapped 13 Goss’s wilt QTLs in the individual populations and an additional 6 using joint linkage mapping. All Goss’s wilt QTL had small effects, confirming that resistance to Goss’s wilt is highly quantitative. We report several potentially important chromosomal bins associated with multiple disease resistance including 1.02, 1.03, 3.04, 4.06, 4.08, and 9.03. Together, these findings indicate that disease QTL distribution is not random and that there are locations in the genome that confer resistance to multiple diseases. Furthermore, resistance to bacterial and fungal diseases is not entirely distinct, and we identified lines resistant to both fungi and bacteria, as well as loci that confer resistance to both bacterial and fungal diseases.
Novel Insights into the Landscape of Crossover and Noncrossover Events in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Versoza Cyril J , Weiss Sarah , Johal Ravneet , La Rosa Bruno , Jensen Jeffrey D , Pfeifer Susanne P 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Meiotic recombination landscapes differ greatly between distantly and closely related taxa, populations, individuals, sexes, and even within genomes; however, the factors driving this variation are yet to be well elucidated. Here, we directly estimate contemporary crossover rates and, for the first time, noncrossover rates in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) from four three-generation pedigrees comprising 32 individuals. We further compare these results with historical, demography-aware, linkage disequilibrium–based recombination rate estimates. From paternal meioses in the pedigrees, 165 crossover events with a median resolution of 22.3 kb were observed, corresponding to a male autosomal map length of 2,357 cM—approximately 15% longer than an existing linkage map based on human microsatellite loci. In addition, 85 noncrossover events with a mean tract length of 155 bp were identified—similar to the tract lengths observed in the only other two primates in which noncrossovers have been studied to date, humans and baboons. Consistent with observations in other placental mammals with PRDM9-directed recombination, crossover (and to a lesser extent noncrossover) events in rhesus macaques clustered in intergenic regions and toward the chromosomal ends in males—a pattern in broad agreement with the historical, sex-averaged recombination rate estimates—and evidence of GC-biased gene conversion was observed at noncrossover sites.
Using opportunistic data to study the distribution and abundance of a warm water elasmobranch at the northern edge of its range
Authors: Hiddink Jan Geert , Charles Ryan , Moore Alec B M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Detecting changes in the distribution and abundance of marine species that are cryptic or occurring in very low abundances is difficult, but essential for assessing their status and informing management. One way of quantifying these changes is through the collation of opportunistic records. We reconstruct the population trajectory and distribution of the common stingray Dasyatis pastinaca around Great Britain, using opportunistic records, mostly obtained by recreational anglers. We tested if D. pastinaca declined in abundance and body size in response to fishing and if their distribution has shifted northwards in response to warming seas. We obtained 518 records covering the period 1838–2020. After correcting for observation effort, D. pastinaca catches reported by anglers showed no long-term trend over 50 years, but decreased from 1970 to 1995 and an increase in abundance since 1995. While records of species occurrence were found around much of Great Britain, nearly all were from south of 54° latitude, and records have contracted southwards since 2000. No trend in maximum size through time was detected. In conclusion, we did not find support for the hypothesized declines in abundance and body size or a northward shift in distribution of D. pastinaca and instead found a southward contraction.
A synthesis review of nature positive approaches and coexistence in the offshore wind industry
Authors: Pardo Juan Carlos Farias , Aune Magnus , Harman Christopher , Walday Mats , Skjellum Solrun Figenschau 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Offshore wind is one of the major fast-growing renewable energy industries, and sustainable implementation of offshore wind farms (OWF) is desired. Nature positive approaches have been proposed to promote biodiversity gain and improve ecosystem resilience. At the same time, coexistence has been considered a way to mitigate the race for ocean space and better integrate the development of the OWF industry. Here, we provide a systematic narrative synthesis review on nature positive approaches and coexistence in OWFs. We observed an increased interest in the topics over the last 5 years, with most of the documents coming from the northern hemisphere, in particular Europe and the North Sea. Literature is mostly related to bottom-fixed turbines, with relatively fewer documents available regarding floating offshore wind, which is a nascent industry. There is a lack of long-term in situ assessments of the impact of nature positive approaches. Whilst there are various biodiversity impacts of OWFs, the literature highlights the artificial reef effect and biodiversity protection and gain (diversity and abundance) for ecological and economically relevant groups. Coexistence strategies with OWF, such as fisheries, aquaculture, and marine-protected areas, bring positive and negative outcomes for the environment, and further investigation on their integration should be explored.