bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ethics of Mary Whiton Calkins
Authors: McDaniel Kris 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents and critically evaluates the main aspects of the ethical system of Mary Whiton Calkins. Some of these aspects include the claims that to be a good person is to will what is conceived by that person to be the good and that what each of us is morally obligated to do is to will the Good. According to Calkins, there are no objective, mind-independent criteria for being the Good, but nonetheless some conceptions of the Good are better than others; this chapter assesses whether Calkins has an adequate account of how one conception of the Good can be superior to another. Finally, this chapter explores Calkins’s theory of virtues and vices. Among those discussed are the vice of cruelty, and the virtues of thoughtfulness and justice, with a focus on distributive justice. With respect to the latter, Calkins argues for a minimal safety net to ensure an adequate standard of living for all people.
The Formation and Development of a Norwegian Accountability System
Authors: Tolo Astrid 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The idea that education should lead to economic growth took on a new meaning from the 1980s. To ensure that the education systems could deliver what the knowledge society required, reforms were needed. Trust in schools was questioned by policymakers, followed by an emergence of accountability systems focusing on transparency, based on standards and metrics as central tools. Since the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)’s Program for International Student Assessment test was introduced in 2000, this development has escalated globally. New accountability systems have led to change in how teachers, head teachers, and administrators are expected to work. This chapter illuminates the formation and development of the Norwegian National Quality Assessment System. However, the analysis shows that the efforts to streamline the accountability system in line with the OECD’s advice have not shown to be successful in the Norwegian context due to culturally embedded factors that influence teachers and schools’ work.
The Globalization of Science
Authors: Kwiek Marek 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
National science systems have become embedded in global science, and countries do everything they can to harness global knowledge to national economic needs. However, accessing and using the riches of global knowledge can occur only through scientists. Consequently, the research power of nations relies on the research power of individual scientists. Their capacity to collaborate internationally and to tap into the global networked science is key. The constantly evolving, bottom-up, autonomous, self-regulating, and self-focused nature of global science requires deeper understanding; and the best way to understand its dynamics is to understand what drives academic scientists in their work. In empirical terms, this chapter describes the globalization of science using selected publication, collaboration, and citation data from 2000 to 2020.
Playing God
Authors: Grek Sotiria 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The chapter explores visualizations as instruments of the expansion of metrics in the transnational governance of education. It investigates the strategies that visualization experts adopt in the measurement of education, focusing on interactive visual rankings produced by major international organizations. Building on visual and discourse analysis, the study details how the politically sensitive nature of the global governance space, and the increasing pressures for “decolonizing” education, influence how data are visualized. The study makes two contributions to the study of education data visuals. First, it details the move away from league table formats toward multivocal interactive layouts that seek to mitigate the competitive and potentially dysfunctional pressures of the display of “winners and losers.” Second, it theorizes data visuals in global governance as governing tools that entice country buy-in in performance measurement exercises and seek (by avoiding antagonizing lower performers) to align actors around common global education agendas.
Education in a Postliberal World Society
Authors: Furuta Jared , Meyer John W. , Bromley Patricia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In recent years, the overreach and failures of the international liberal order have led to a panoply of political movements and oppositional models that attack its legitimacy. We draw on neoinstitutional theories of educational change to suggest that the overall decline in liberal hegemony has weakened the centrality of education in models of society, and further that the rise of alternative models of society has redirected education toward less liberal-individualist forms. In a period we see as fragmented and “postliberal,” some of these alternative models deemphasize the liberal tenet of individual actorhood to reassert collective identities (e.g., nationalism, religion, or race/ethnicity), while others assert uncontrolled individual expression. We discuss the implications of these processes for issues such as school enrollments, educational stratification, curricular content, pedagogy, and educational organization. Going forward, it is difficult to imagine that education in its liberal form will be as central as it was in the earlier postwar period.
Field Theory Beyond the Nation State
Authors: Hamann Julian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
At first glance, Bourdieu’s field theory might be considered an unlikely case for research on transnational and global phenomena. However, scholarship in the last two decades shows that field analysis can indeed be useful to study cases beyond the national realm. Reviewing this research, this chapter is organized in three sections: It starts with a discussion of the (post-)national orientation of the field-theoretical research program and outlines the ontology of transnational and global processes according to this program. Second, it reviews the main strands of postnational field analysis and distills from this literature the empirical foci and analytical priorities. The third section takes stock of the theoretical efforts that have recently been made to denationalize the field-theoretical research program and identifies the theoretical and conceptual contributions made in the process. The chapter concludes with an empirical, a methodological, and a theoretical question that should be addressed by future research.
China’s Responses to Globalization and Higher Education Reforms
Authors: Mok Ka Ho , Ke Guo Guo , Tian Zhen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
With a strong conviction to transform the country and prepare its people to cope with the growing challenges of the globalizing market, the Chinese government has actively increased more opportunities for higher education. The higher education system in China has experienced the processes of massification and transnationalization, especially when the Chinese government has tried to diversify its higher education provision through non-state sector providers, including overseas partners setting up branch campuses. This study sets out against the broad political economic context to examine critically how the Chinese government has responded to the growing influences of globalization by internationalizing and trasnationalizing its higher education. More specifically, this study examines the challenges and policy implications when higher education experiences internationalization and transnationalization in China.
Genericity, Quantification, and Modality in Malayalam
Authors: M.T. Hany Babu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The imperfective aspect marker -unnu in Malayalam licenses a situation argument, which is the characteristic property of an episodic predicate. An imperfective reading is derived when the situation argument is bound by an existential operator, signalled by the existential copula uɳʈə. A generic reading of the -unnu construction is derived when the situation argument is bound by an extensional quantifying operator. Generic sentences with -unnu contrast with the generic sentences with the future tense-marking modal particle -um. The modal marker -um is argued to signal the presence of a modalized generic operator that quantifies over the set of accessible possible worlds. This gives the sentence an intensional (characterizing) property. The modal -um is thus claimed to be closely related to the universal quantifying particle -um.
Assessing NSSI in Clinical and Community Settings
Authors: Cliffe Charlotte , Sedgwick Rosemary , Epstein Sophie , Polling Catherine , Ougrin Dennis 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the assessment of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in clinical and community settings. It mentions how NSSI is still subject to stigma and misunderstanding that could impair assessment if not adequately considered. Since NSSI is prevalent amongst all ages, professionals in community settings such as schools, universities, primary care or mental health settings will come into contact with NSSI. Assessment can take various forms, could include structured tools, and may be conducted by a range of professionals. Community detection and assessment of NSSI play a vital role in the identification of NSSI, which subsequently provides valuable opportunities to intervene. The chapter looks into the factors of engagement, confidentiality, suicidal intent and suicide risk.
Buprenorphine
Authors: Strain Eric C. , Gaddis Andrew 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Buprenorphine is an opioid that acts primarily as a partial agonist at mu-opioid receptors, although it also has significant activity at kappa- and delta-, as well as ORL-1, opioid receptors. Early in its development it was noted to have an unusual profile of effects, including a bell-shaped dose response curve, and over 40 years ago it was identified as a potential treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). While initially marketed as an analgesic, its major impact has been as a treatment for OUD. The extensive uptake for OUD reflects both the circumstances of its availability as a relatively easily prescribed agent available in office-based settings, as well as its safety and efficacy. Initially used in a sublingual form, recent years have seen new formulations (e.g., a long-acting injectable) also become available.
Literary Multilingualism in the Age of the Vernacular
Authors: Orsini Francesca 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Despite the powerful reimagining of the multilingual landscape of South Asia into monolingual regions beginning in the early 19th century, and the aspiration toward one overarching national language, multilingualism has continued to inform South Asian literatures in visible and invisible ways. This chapter explores how. At an individual level, education usually predicts one’s reading and writing language(s), but family history, politics, and personal inclination may add other languages. Aural access leads to a multilingual familiarity that may or may not translate onto the written page, while poetic literacy can be acquired and transmitted orally with only a tenuous grasp of the language, as the enduring popularity of Urdu poetry/sha‘iri shows. Cities and borderlands often act as multilingual “contact zones” (Pratt), though they can also gather authors and publics in networks and spaces segmented by language. When we see modern Indian literary history solely through the efflorescence of the vernaculars from the 19th century onward, or through the hierarchy between English and the bhashas, we overlook the intense multilingualism across bhashas and across the English-bhasha divide, which in fact constitutes modern Indian literary history.
Irom Sharmila’s Poetry and the Politics of Anthologizing Indian Literature
Authors: Haripriya Soibam 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Hailed as an “Iche” (elder sister), Irom Sharmila is the subject of many genres—poetry, songs, documentary films, and artwork. This chapter looks at the activist-poet’s collection Fragrance of Peace (2010) to examine the paradoxical way her body is seen as a site of resistance, her naming and identification through the kin term “sister,” and her status within Manipuri literature. It is significant that Irom is a rarely anthologized poet. Her work cannot be found in any anthologies on the literature of Northeast India, while, ironically, writings about her activism abound. Though her oeuvre is much more than protest poetry, this collection of poems foregrounds the political role of her poetry. The chapter juxtaposes Irom’s own self-representation through her poetry with works written about her. Through this exercise, the intention is to explore the place of women in the construction of a collective resistance and its conscious self-representation in literature.
Indian Literary History
Authors: Satyanarayana K. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The canons of modern Indian literature and Indian writing in English are formed of texts and perspectives that are shaped by an anticolonial nationalism that is actually Gandhian nationalism. In such writing, the glory of Indian civilization, national pride, and national independence are the principal themes. But these texts evade addressing the internal contradictions and complexities in the life of the colonized. Canonical Indian writers do not, for the most part, discuss class, caste, gender, and other inequalities in a radical way. We rarely find Ambedkar as an ideological influence or autonomous Dalit characters in modern Indian literatures, including Indian writing in English. It was in the 1960s that Babasaheb Ambedkar and Ambedkarite characters began to appear as powerful symbols in Dalit literature, first in Maharashtra and later in other regions of the country. This chapter examines how Dalit critics and writers propose and elaborate Ambedkarism as an alternative ideological framework for Indian literary history through an analysis of the Marathi Dalit writer Baby Kamble’s autobiography The Prisons We Broke (originally published in 1982; English translation in 2008).
Adivasi Poetry
Authors: John Joya 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
What does “Adivasi literature” signify in a literary field marked by the erasure of Adivasi languages and the dominance of languages like Hindi? As Adivasi writers take to writing in the vernacular, why is poetry a prominent genre in which they express themselves? How is a distinct claim to orality produced within writing and the print medium? This chapter seeks to answer these questions by situating Adivasi poets in a multilingual literary field in which they employ an “ethnopoetic modality.” This modality includes lexical borrowings, modes of lyric address, various linguistic strategies such as indexicality, and a politics of nature whereby different poetic languages are combined to produce a distinct poetics of indigeneity.
Ananda Devi’s Laughing Goddesses and the Limitless Possibilities of Transnational Fiction
Authors: Ravi Srilata 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines acclaimed francophone Mauritian novelist Ananda Devi’s novel, Le rire des déesses (2021), which sets out to expose religious bigotry and the oppression of women in Hindu society. The Indo-Mauritian writer’s critique of goddess worship and the patriarchal structure of Hindu society in Le rire des déesses expands on her own sharp criticism of island Hinduism in her other novels set in her native Mauritius, where diasporic links to India are a central focus of national politics. The chapter argues that the novel’s questioning of Hindu religiosity translates as an act of cultural decolonization from a diasporic Hindu hegemony and poses a literary challenge to the centrality of an imagined Indo-Hindu-Mauritian worldview.
Historical Materialism
Authors: Wigger Angela 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Historical materialism is probably the only grand theory within International Political Economy (IPE) that is ontologically equipped to analyze all aspects of social life without losing sight of “the big picture.” As a theory of history, power, and emancipatory praxis, historical materialism not only seeks to explain and critique social inequalities in and through global capitalism, but also to formulate a transformative agenda toward a more equitable future. The chapter first introduces the core ontological and epistemological premises of historical materialism and then outlines its theorization of capitalism and recurring capitalist crises. On the basis of showcasing some contributions on the state-economy and state-society relations and the production-reproduction relation under neoliberal capitalism, the chapter points to critique from within and beyond its own theoretical confines as a key stimulus for theoretical advancements. The chapter, by way of conclusion, invites IPE scholars to engage more with historical materialism, as dialogue and critique lead to productive tensions that allow for expanding the ontological reach of IPE. And in the spirit of emancipatory praxis, such a critical engagement also has the potential of stimulating new radical imaginaries for a post-capitalist future.
Anthropogenic Effects on Animal Cultures
Authors: Gruber Thibaud 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Recent decades have seen a steady increase in studies looking at the impact of human activities on wild animals. Many describe behavioural changes that concern traits that have been considered, or have the potential to be considered, as cultural, leading to the question of whether we are witnessing cultural evolution in other animals as a direct result of our own activities. Results indicate that human activities influence animal cultural repertoires through a variety of mechanisms: they can lead to the modification and, in extreme cases, the disappearance of existing cultural traits, but they can also foster the invention of novel traditions that have themselves the potential to become cultural. These examples are often found in the domain of food acquisition, where animals modify their diet to include new resources, adopt novel foraging strategies to avoid or, in contrast, establish long-lasting relationships with humans or human products or artefacts. Understanding these new cultural patterns in relation to humans is crucial for two reasons: as wildlife is increasingly exposed to humans and their activities, studying how animal cultures are impacted and how they change in response to anthropogenic factors is important for conservation purposes. Second, the current resulting situation for other animals, with drastic environmental changes in a short amount of time leading to behaviour change, may reflect past ecological pressures on human cultures and hence be informative for models of cultural evolution.
Evolving and Emerging Perspectives on the Transfer of Learning
Authors: Hickey Daniel , Lam Diane 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the phenomenon of transfer of learning in light of heightened concerns over power, privilege, equity, gender, and race in education. The authors argue that assumptions about transfer have a tremendous impact on education via classroom assessments and achievement tests and that discriminatory and racist practices in education are often produced and reproduced via inappropriate assessment and testing practices. The chapter is organized around four dimensions of assessments as they relate to transfer. These dimensions are format, level, function, and theory. The authors consider each dimension with a particular eye on contemporary “asset-based” responses to historical educational inequities. The authors consider how these dimensions are currently represented in research on culturally responsive educational practices (or not) and speculate about the ways that these dimensions might be used to organized more culturally responsive assessment and testing. The authors specifically explore the synergies between two situative transfer mechanisms and several contemporary asset-based responses to historical inequities. They conclude by arguing that a situative multilevel approach to assessment and new models of research-practice partnership offer a coherent means of applying these synergies to educational practice.
Explicit Instruction
Authors: Evans Paul , Martin Andrew J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Explicit instruction is an approach to teaching characterized by high levels of guidance and support from the teacher, extension of learners’ prior knowledge, consideration of the capacities and limits of human cognitive architecture, an emphasis on learning as the primary priority for instructional activity, and active student engagement throughout the learning process. The lineage of the principles of explicit instruction can be traced from research on large-scale school reform projects through a range of research and theoretical approaches based on cognitive, information-processing models of how the mind learns. Cognitive load theory provides a highly informative theoretical framework in which explicit instruction can be embedded. In relating explicit instructional practices to cognitive load theory, explicit instruction can be operationalized in terms of the load reduction instruction framework and is associated with reduced intrinsic and extraneous loads. A robust evidence base supports the effects of explicit instruction on learning, as well as other educational outcomes such as motivation and engagement, metacognition and self-regulated learning, problem-solving, critical thinking, and creativity. The effectiveness of explicit instruction depends on changing the amount and type of explicit instruction throughout the learning process. Explicit instruction contrasts with constructivist perspectives, but under certain circumstances, explicit instructional approaches can and should incorporate elements of strategies typically regarded as constructivist principles and strategies.