bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Home Office’s Racism Studies Before the Macpherson Inquiry: Revisiting Administrative Criminology’s Corpus
Authors: Molina Julian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article examines the history of Home Office research on racism between 1976 and 1997. By analysing archival materials, the article focusses on the methodological orientations and bureaucratic negotiations associated with this corpus of administrative criminological studies. The article describes how Home Office criminologists adopted a stance that privileged quantification, restudies and aligning its research with pre-existing policy paradigms of Situational Crime Prevention and multi-agency coordination. In response to campaigners’ calls for racial justice, Home Office policy officials used this research to demonstrate governmental concern, manage media coverage and coordinate community stakeholders. The article argues that British criminology should move beyond dismissing administrative criminology as ‘theoretical empiricism’ to enable a more critical appraisal of the entangled histories of racism, criminology and crime policy.
Taking Prison to Court: Exploring the Judicial Review of Prison Decision-Making Through Supreme Court Judges in Israel
Authors: Dagan Netanel , Baron Shmuel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Scholars have criticized the gap between judicial work and the realities of prison life. In this article, drawn from qualitative findings from Supreme Court Judges in Israel, we analysed how such Judges negotiate their administrative judicial review over prison officials’ decisions. We found that through their judicial review, the Judges either bureaucratise, re-sentence the prisoner or reform prison life. Each theme imagines differently both the purpose of judicial review, as well as the values, emotions, legal ‘tool-kit’, and players (prison service, the claiming prisoners) involved in the review process. The findings move the scholarly focus of judicial decision-making from the quantity to the quality of punishment and expand the understanding of judicial consciousness regarding prison life.
The Victimization of Rohingyas in Myanmar and Bangladesh: Breaking the Silence - Postcolonial Criminology, Ethnography and Genocide
Authors: Soundararajan Manikandan , Jaishankar Karuppannan , Bushell Mark , Telford Luke , Treadwell James 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper gives voice to the victims of ethnic cleansing in Myanmar. Using criminological ethnographic research in refugee camps in Bangladesh, we examine the qualitative accounts of violence and persecution and ‘break the silence’ by giving voice to Rohingya people who had fled military violence. We place the Rohingya’s testimonies within a wider theoretical and historical discussion that also addresses the condition of criminology when it comes to understanding and analysing the crime of all crimes—genocide. In recent years, the potential for postcolonial criminology in explaining global inequalities and injustices has been much discussed. However, we critique parts of this debate and instead emphasize the importance of foregrounding the realities of extreme victimization of powerless individuals such as the Rohingya.
Global prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors based on the Life's Essential 8 score: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis
Authors: López-Bueno Rubén , Núñez-Cortés Rodrigo , Calatayud Joaquín , Salazar-Méndez Joaquín , Petermann-Rocha Fanny , López-Gil José Francisco , del Pozo Cruz Borja 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cardiovascular health (CVH) is a critical issue for global health. However, no previous study has determined the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors based on the American Heart Association’s (AHA) Life’s Essential 8 (LE8). Therefore, we aimed to estimate the global prevalence of the eight cardiovascular risk factors identified in the LE8. A systematic search of systematic reviews with meta-analysis on cardiovascular risk factors covering data reported between 2000 and 2019 was conducted on PubMed, Epistemonikos, and the Cochrane Library until 1 May 2023. After applying exclusion criteria, 79 studies remained in the final selection for the narrative synthesis in the systematic review, of which 33 of them were used in the meta-analysis which included 2 555 639 participants from 104 countries. The overall pooled prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was as follows: insufficient physical activity, 26.3% (95% CI 2.3%–63.4%), no adherence to a healthy diet, 34.1% (95% CI 5.8%–71.2%), nicotine exposure, 15.4% (95% CI 10.4%–21.2%), insufficient sleep quality, 38.5% (95% CI 14.0%–66.7%), obesity, 17.3% (95% CI 6.1%–32.6%), dyslipidemia, 34.1% (95% CI 33.8%–34.4%), diabetes, 12.0% (95% CI 7.0%–18.2%), and hypertension, 29.4% (95% CI 23.3%–35.8%). These results warrant prevention strategies aimed at reducing insufficient sleep quality, and no adherence to a healthy diet as leading cardiovascular risk factors worldwide. The high prevalence of hypertension among children and adults is concerning and should also be adequately addressed through global policies.
The workload and satisfaction of pharmacists and pharmacy assistants after installation of an automated tablet dispensing and packaging system in a tertiary university hospital in Malaysia
Authors: Ramachandram Dinesh Sangarran , Tan Ching Hooi , Selvaraj Amutha , Appalasamy Jamuna Rani , Kow Chia Siang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of pharmacy automation on the workload and satisfaction of pharmacists and pharmacy assistants in an inpatient setting.

Methods
This was an observational, cross-sectional survey using a convenience sampling method conducted at the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) In-Patient Pharmacy. A validated online questionnaire assessed user satisfaction and task duration.

Results
A total of 21 pharmacists and 18 pharmacy assistants participated in the survey. Most pharmacists (n = 17/21) were confident in the system, and both pharmacists and pharmacy assistants perceived it to be beneficial for patients (n = 33/39) and for reducing medication errors (n = 32/39). Pharmacy assistants spent approximately 5.34 hours on traditional work including filling medication orders (1.44 hours) after automated tablet dispensing and packaging system (ATDPS) implementation. Pharmacists spent 1.19 hours filling medication orders and 1.71 hours checking/verifying them, in contrast.

Conclusion
Pharmacists focused mainly on clinical duties with healthcare colleagues, while pharmacy assistants handled various medication orders. Nevertheless, ATDPS reduced pharmacy staff workload in medication handling, achieving user satisfaction.
Phase 1 Open-Label Dose Escalation Trial for the Development of a Human Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Challenge Model for Assessment of Tuberculosis Immunity In Vivo
Authors: Blazevic Azra , Edwards Rachel L , Xia Mei , Eickhoff Christopher S , Hamzabegovic Fahreta , Meza Krystal A , Ning Huan , Tennant Janice , Mosby Karla J , Ritchie James C , Girmay Tigisty , Lai Lilin , McCullough Michele , Beck Allison , Kelley Colleen , Edupuganti Srilatha , Kabbani Sarah , Buchanan Wendy , Makhene Mamodikoe K , Voronca Delia , Cherikh Sami , Goll Johannes B , Rouphael Nadine G , Mulligan Mark J , Hoft Daniel F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
A controlled human infection model for assessing tuberculosis (TB) immunity can accelerate new vaccine development.

Methods
In this phase 1 dose escalation trial, 92 healthy adults received a single intradermal injection of 2 × 106 to 16 × 106 colony-forming units of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). The primary endpoints were safety and BCG shedding as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, colony-forming unit plating, and MGIT BACTEC culture.

Results
Doses up to 8 × 106 were safe, and there was evidence for increased BCG shedding with dose escalation. The MGIT time-to-positivity assay was the most consistent and precise measure of shedding. Power analyses indicated that 10% differences in MGIT time to positivity (area under the curve) could be detected in small cohorts (n = 30). Potential biomarkers of mycobacterial immunity were identified that correlated with shedding. Transcriptomic analysis uncovered dose- and time-dependent effects of BCG challenge and identified a putative transcriptional TB protective signature. Furthermore, we identified immunologic and transcriptomal differences that could represent an immune component underlying the observed higher rate of TB disease incidence in males.

Conclusions
The safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity profiles indicate that this BCG human challenge model is feasible for assessing in vivo TB immunity and could facilitate the vaccine development process.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT01868464 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Multisite Mpox Infection and Viral Dynamics Among Persons With HIV in Metro Atlanta
Authors: Damhorst Gregory L , Fujita A Wendy , Fitts Eric , Szabo Brittany , Bowers Heather B , Sabino Courtney , Ahmed Alaa , Wang Ethan , Piantadosi Anne , McLendon Kaleb , Sullivan Julie , Greenleaf Morgan , McCaslin Divine , Palmore Melody , Anderson Albert M , Aldred Bruce , Gunthel Clifford , Martin Greg S , Colasanti Jonathan A , Lam Wilbur A , Bassit Leda , Rao Anuradha , Sheth Anandi N , Titanji Boghuma K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The 2022 mpox outbreak primarily involved sexual transmission among men who have sex with men and disproportionately affected persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We examined viral dynamics and clinical features in a cohort evaluated for mpox infection at a comprehensive HIV clinic in Atlanta, Georgia. Viral DNA was found in 8 oropharyngeal and 5 anorectal specimens among 10 mpox cases confirmed by lesion swab polymerase chain reaction. Within-participant anatomic site of lowest cycle threshold (Ct) value varied, and lower Ct values were found in oropharyngeal and anorectal swabs when corresponding symptoms were present. This provides insight into mpox infection across multiple anatomic sites among people with HIV.
Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccination During Pregnancy Against Laboratory-Confirmed Seasonal Influenza Among Infants Under 6 Months of Age in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Fell Deshayne B , Russell Margaret , Fung Stephen G , Swayze Sarah , Chung Hannah , Buchan Sarah A , Roda Weston , Smolarchuk Christa , Wilson Kumanan , Crowcroft Natasha S , Schwartz Kevin L , Gubbay Jonathan B , McGeer Allison J , Smieja Marek , Richardson David C , Katz Kevin , Zahariadis George , Campigotto Aaron , Mubareka Samira , McNally J Dayre , Karnauchow Timothy , Zelyas Nathan , Svenson Lawrence W , Kwong Jeffrey C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Randomized trials conducted in low- and middle-income settings demonstrated efficacy of influenza vaccination during pregnancy against influenza infection among infants &lt;6 months of age. However, vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates from settings with different population characteristics and influenza seasonality remain limited.

Methods
We conducted a test-negative study in Ontario, Canada. All influenza virus tests among infants &lt;6 months from 2010 to 2019 were identified and linked with health databases to ascertain information on maternal-infant dyads. VE was estimated from the odds ratio for influenza vaccination during pregnancy among cases versus controls, computed using logistic regression with adjustment for potential confounders.

Results
Among 23 806 infants tested for influenza, 1783 (7.5%) were positive and 1708 (7.2%) were born to mothers vaccinated against influenza during pregnancy. VE against laboratory-confirmed infant influenza infection was 64% (95% confidence interval [CI], 50%–74%). VE was similar by trimester of vaccination (first/second, 66% [95% CI, 40%–80%]; third, 63% [95% CI, 46%–74%]), infant age at testing (0 to &lt;2 months, 63% [95% CI, 46%–75%]; 2 to &lt;6 months, 64% [95% CI, 36%–79%]), and gestational age at birth (≥37 weeks, 64% [95% CI, 50%–75%]; &lt; 37 weeks, 61% [95% CI, 4%–86%]). VE against influenza hospitalization was 67% (95% CI, 50%–78%).

Conclusions
Influenza vaccination during pregnancy offers effective protection to infants &lt;6 months, for whom vaccines are not currently available.
Mechanisms of mitochondrial reorganization
Authors: Maruyama Tatsuro , Hama Yutaro , Noda Nobuo N 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe cytoplasm of eukaryotes is dynamically zoned by membrane-bound and membraneless organelles. Cytoplasmic zoning allows various biochemical reactions to take place at the right time and place. Mitochondrion is a membrane-bound organelle that provides a zone for intracellular energy production and metabolism of lipids and iron. A key feature of mitochondria is their high dynamics: mitochondria constantly undergo fusion and fission, and excess or damaged mitochondria are selectively eliminated by mitophagy. Therefore, mitochondria are appropriate model systems to understand dynamic cytoplasmic zoning by membrane organelles. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial fusion and fission as well as mitophagy unveiled through studies using yeast and mammalian models.
Hydrogen in Argentina and South America: a national and regional strategy for development
Authors: Romano Francisco J , Giralt Cecilia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Strategies and roadmaps are programmatic policy tools where each country establishes a vision, sets objectives, and projects measures to achieve them in different time horizons, based on the analysis of the national context, opportunities, and barriers. The comparative analysis of these strategies offers a perspective of the elements taken into account and the trends in the tools projected for the development of the new hydrogen sector worldwide.
Safety and effectiveness of denosumab in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A 2-year post-marketing surveillance study
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiya , Mizutani Hideki , Fujii Kunimitsu , Okubo Naoki 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To investigate the 2 year safety and effectiveness of denosumab 60 mg in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in clinical practice in Japan.

Methods
This 2 year, prospective, observational cohort study included patients who initiated treatment with denosumab 60 mg for the progression of bone erosion associated with RA. Key endpoints were adverse drug reactions (ADRs), progression of bone erosion, and 28-joint Disease Activity Score based on C-reactive protein or erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the risk factors for ADRs and the progression of bone erosion.

Results
In the safety analysis set (n = 1239), the incidence of ADRs was 3.0%; the most common ADRs were hypocalcaemia (1.2%) and osteonecrosis of jaw-related events (0.6%). A history of any drug allergy was a statistically significant risk factor associated with the occurrence of ADRs. In the effectiveness analysis set (n = 815), the incidence of progression of bone erosion was 8.7%. Steinbrocker stage and initial steroid dose were statistically significant risk factors associated with the progression of bone erosion.

Conclusion
Denosumab demonstrated safety and effectiveness over a 2 year period in RA patients without any new safety concerns.
Endogenous Uncertainty and Credit Crunches
Authors: Straub Ludwig , Ulbricht Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We develop a theory of endogenous uncertainty in which the ability of investors to learn about firm-level fundamentals is impaired during financial crises. At the same time, higher uncertainty reinforces financial distress. Through this two-way feedback loop, a temporary financial shock can cause a persistent reduction in risky lending, output, and employment that coincides with increased uncertainty, default rates, credit spreads, and disagreement among forecasters. We embed our mechanism into standard real business cycle and New-Keynesian models and show how it generates endogenous and internally persistent processes for the efficiency and labour wedges.
High hydrostatic pressure participates in atrial fibrosis through the p300/p53/Smad3 pathway
Authors: Yu Shenghuan , Zeng Long , Rao Fang , Deng Chunyu , Zhang Mengzhen , Xiao Haiyin , Xiao Feifei , Xue Yumei , Wu Shulin , Du Zhimin , Wei Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs an independent risk factor of atrial fibrillation (AF), hypertension (HTN) can induce atrial fibrosis through cyclic stretch and hydrostatic pressure. The mechanism by which high hydrostatic pressure promotes atrial fibrosis is unclear yet. p300 and p53/Smad3 play important roles in the process of atrial fibrosis. This study investigated whether high hydrostatic pressure promotes atrial fibrosis by activating the p300/p53/Smad3 pathway. Biochemical experiments were used to study the expression of p300/p53/Smad3 pathway in left atrial appendage (LAA) tissues of patients with sinus rhythm (SR), AF, AF + HTN, and C57/BL6 mice, hypertensive C57/BL6 mice and atrial fibroblasts of mice. To investigate the roles of p300 and p53 in the process of atrial fibrosis, p300 and p53 in mice atrial fibroblasts were knocked in or knocked down, respectively. The expression of p300/p53/Smad3 and fibrotic factors was higher in patients with AF and AF + HTN than those with SR only. The expressions of p300/p53/Smad3 and fibrotic factors increased in hypertensive mice. Curcumin (Cur) and knocking down of p300 reversed the expressions of these factors. 40 mmHg hydrostatic pressure/overexpression of p300 upregulated the expressions of p300/p53/Smad3 and fibrotic factors in mice LAA fibroblasts. While Cur or knocking down p300 reversed these changes. Knocking down/overexpression of p53, the expressions of p53/Smad3 and fibrotic factors also decreased/increased, correspondingly. High hydrostatic pressure promotes atrial fibrosis by activating the p300/p53/Smad3 pathway, which further increases the susceptibility to AF.
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: eosinophils versus B lymphocytes in disease pathogenesis
Authors: Kariyawasam Harsha H. , James Louisa K. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review
To highlight the current evidence that supports the view that eosinophils may not drive disease in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and the emerging evidence for B cells as an important player in this disease.

Recent findings
Eosinophil depletion studies in CRSwNP do not fully support a critical role for eosinophils in CRSwNP. Almost complete eosinophil depletion with dexpramipexole had no impact on polyp size reduction or clinical improvement. Anti-interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-5Rα inhibition were more effective though with less clinical impact when compared to anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) or IL-4Rα inhibition strategies. As IL-5Rα is also expressed on CRSwNP derived IgE+ and IgG4+ plasma cells to the same extent as eosinophils, improvements in CRSwNP with IL-5 inhibition may suggest a role for B cells over eosinophils in CRSwNP. We review both eosinophils and B cells in the context of CRSwNP and highlight the current evidence that supports an emerging role for B cells.

Summary
Despite many aspects of immunopathology in CRSwNP explainable by B cell dysfunction, B cells have so far been ignored in CRSwNP. Further work is needed, as targeting B cells may offer an exciting new therapeutic option in the future.
Effect of Metformin on Plasma Exposure of Rifampicin, Isoniazid, and Pyrazinamide in Patients on Treatment for Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Kumar Agibothu Kupparam Hemanth , Kadam Abhijit , Karunaianantham Ramesh , Tamizhselvan Manoharan , Padmapriyadarsini Chandrasekaran , Mohan Anant , Jeyadeepa B. , Radhakrishnan Ammayappan , Singh Urvashi B. , Bapat Shraddha , Mane Aarti , Kumar Pradeep , Mamulwar Megha , Bhavani Perumal Kannabiran , Haribabu Hemalatha , Rath Nibedita , Guleria Randeep , Khan Abdul Mabood , Menon Jaykumar ,   METRIF Team
Published: November 2023

Background:
To evaluate the effect of metformin on the plasma levels of rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide in patients with drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis being treated with first-line antituberculosis treatment (ATT) and to assess the influence of gene polymorphisms on the metabolic pathway of metformin and plasma levels of antitubercular drugs.

Methods:
Nondiabetic adults aged 18–60 years with pulmonary tuberculosis were randomized to either the standard ATT (ATT group) or ATT plus metformin (METRIF group) groups in a phase IIB clinical trial. An intensive pharmacokinetic study with blood collection at 0 hour (predosing), followed by 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours after dosing was conducted during the first month of treatment in a subset of 60 study participants after a minimum of 14 doses. Plasma concentrations of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and metformin were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography using validated methods, and pharmacokinetic parameters and OCT1 and MATE1 gene polymorphisms were compared between the groups.

Results:
Significant increases in the clearance of rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide were observed in patients in the METRIF group (n = 29) compared with those in the ATT group (n = 31). The AA genotypes of the single-nucleotide polymorphism of rs2289669 (MATE1) in the METRIF group showed a significantly decreased area under the concentration–time curve to the last observation point and increased clearance of rifampicin.

Conclusions:
Metformin altered rifampicin and isoniazid plasma concentrations in patients receiving antituberculosis treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis with little effect on sputum conversion at the end of treatment. Studies with larger sample sizes are needed to understand host drug–drug interactions.
Efficiency and Safety of Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling with Different Forceps for Macular Disease
Authors: Chang Hsin-Ho , Chen Shih-Jen , Hsu Chia-An , Chou Yu-Bai 
Published: November 2023

Purpose
To compare the efficiency and safety of internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling between the Sharkskin forceps and End-grasping forceps in various macular diseases.

Methods
It is a prospective cohort block-randomized study conducted in a tertiary medical center. Seventy subjects with macular hole, epiretinal membrane, vitreomacular traction syndrome or myopic foveoschisis, receiving pars plana vitrectomy and ILM peeling surgery were equally divided into Sharkskin forceps group and End-grasping forceps group. The duration of ILM peeling, the number of attempts to initiate peeling and peeling-related retinal damage were evaluated by recorded video and optical coherence tomography.

Results
In the Sharkskin group, we demonstrated significantly fewer attempts to initiate ILM peeling compared with End-grasping group, with an average of 1.9 and 3.1 attempts (p=0.0001); and a lower incidence of retinal microstructural damage (20% versus 45%, p<0.0001). Moreover, the mean depth of inner retinal injury at the initiating site exhibited distinct difference post-operatively at 3 months between the Sharkskin group then the End-grasping group (4.3um versus 30.0um, p=0.001).

Conclusions
Sharkskin forceps provide better efficiency and outcome in ILM peeling in patients with various vitreomacular interface diseases, including reduced risk of retinal injury and fewer attempts to initiate ILM flap.