bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of small for gestational age by logistic regression in twins
Authors: WEN Shi Wu , TAN Hongzhuan , YANG Qiuying , WALKER Mark 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackground:  Small for gestational age (SGA) is one of the major determinants of perinatal mortality and morbidity, and may relate in adult diseases. Early prediction of SGA could be helpful for health care providers and public health workers in guiding antenatal management and prevention. The reported methods of SGA prediction are not satisfactory because the diagnostic performance is poor and the interval between prediction and delivery is too short.Aims:  To establish a SGA prediction model for twin pregnancies based on variables obtainable in early gestation.Methods:  We used a large twin registry United States data (1995–1997). The study subjects were randomly divided into two groups: group 1 to establish the prediction model by logistic regression and group 2 to validate the prediction model. SGA was defined as birth weight for gestational age z scores less than 10th percentiles. Pair of twin was the unit of analysis. Two sets of multiple logistic regression analyses with different outcome measures – one or both twins SGAs and both twins SGAs – were used to establish the prediction model.Results:  The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value were 52.3, 62.5, and 21.5%, respectively, at the cutoff value 0.16 in a SGA prediction model based on maternal race, education, marital status, parity, prenatal care visit initiation, cigarette smoking, and paternal race.Conclusions:  A prediction model based on determinants that can be obtained at early gestation might be useful in the management of pregnancies with high risk of SGA in twins.
Comparison of cerebral magnetic resonance and electroencephalogram findings in pre‐eclamptic and eclamptic women
Authors: OSMANAĞAOĞLU Mehmet A. , DINÇ Gülseren , OSMANAĞAOĞLU Selen , DINÇ Hasan , BOZKAYA Hasan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjective:  To compare the cerebral magnetic resonance (MR) and electroencephalogram (EEG) findings in pre‐eclamptic and eclamptic pregnant women.Methods:  A total of 38 pregnant women with mild pre‐eclampsia (n = 15), severe pre‐eclampsia (n = 11) and eclampsia (n = 12) were included in this study. Cranial MR without contrast and EEG were performed in these women on admission or within 3 days of onset. Follow‐up control MR or EEG evaluations were performed 4–6 weeks postpartum in women with MR or EEG abnormalities in the initial examination. To compare differences, X2 test, Fisher exact or Mann–Whitney U‐tests were used.Results:  Abnormal cranial MR findings were found in one (6%) pre‐eclamptic woman, in four (36%) severe pre‐eclamptic women, and in 11 (92%) eclamptic women. Cranial MR findings were consistent with ischaemia in 15 (39%) patients and haemorrhage in one (3%) case. Two (5%) severe pre‐eclamptic women showed cerebral infarction during the follow‐up period. MR and EEG abnormalities were totally resolved in 88% of cases. The MR findings of 12 (71%) patients were located in the occipital lobes followed by the parietal lobes in six (40%) cases. Three (20%) mild pre‐eclamptic women, four (36%) severe pre‐eclamptic women and 10 (83%) eclamptic women had abnormal EEGs. The EEG changes were totally resolved in 13 of 14 (93%) patients after the first month. In one patient with cerebral haemorrhage, the EEG changes lasted for a duration of 6 months.Conclusions:  A correlation between EEG abnormalities and MR findings was found in this study. The combined use of MR and EEG may help to determine the prognosis for these patients, but the interictal EEG findings recorded in eclampsia were non‐specific.
Human papilloma virus is detectable by the Hybrid Capture 2 test in cervical smear samples from women over 40 years of age with high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions
Authors: SYKES Peter , JENNINGS Lance , HARKER Dianne , BEYNON Kirsten 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTo establish that in Canterbury, New Zealand, women over the age of 40 with biopsy confirmed high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) have human papilloma virus (HPV) detectable by the Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) test. Fifty‐two women with abnormal cytology under going colposcopy had HC2 performed. HPV status, cytology and histology were compared. HC2 was positive in 30/31 with grade 2 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2) or worse, 5/6 with HPV changes or CIN1, and 10/15 with no demonstrated abnormality.
Vested Interest and Biased Price Estimates: Evidence from an Auction Market
Authors: MEI JIANPING , MOSES MICHAEL 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTThis study employs a new data set from art auctions to examine the relationship between auctioneer presale price estimates and the long‐term performance of artworks. We find that the price estimates for expensive paintings have a consistent upward bias over a long period of 30 years. High estimates at the time of purchase are associated with adverse subsequent abnormal returns. Moreover, the estimation error for individual paintings tends to persist over time. These results are consistent with the view that auction house price estimates are affected by agency problems and that some investors are credulous.
Arbitraging Arbitrageurs
Authors: ATTARI MUKARRAM , MELLO ANTONIO S. , RUCKES MARTIN E. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTThis paper develops a theory of strategic trading in markets with large arbitrageurs. If arbitrageurs are not well capitalized, capital constraints make their trades predictable. Other market participants can exploit this by trading against them. Competitors may find it optimal to lend to arbitrageurs that are financially fragile; additional capital makes the arbitrageurs more viable, and lenders can reap profits from trading against them for a longer time. The strategic behavior of these market participants has implications for the functioning of financial markets. Strategic trading may produce significant price distortions, increase price manipulation, and trigger forced liquidations of large traders.
Relationship Between Dominant Prolongation of the Filtered QRS Duration in the Right Precordial Leads and Clinical Characteristics in Brugada Syndrome
Authors: FURUSHIMA HIROSHI , CHINUSHI MASAOMI , HIRONO TAKASHI , SUGIURA HIROTAKA , WATANABE HIROSHI , KOMURA SATORU , WASHIZUKA TAKASHI , AIZAWA YOSHIFUSA 
Published: September 2005

Background: Electrical abnormalities in the RVOT may be involved in Brugada syndrome. Objectives: We investigated the relationship between the signal‐averaged ECG (SAECG) and electrophysiologic study (EPS), especially focusing on conduction delay in the outflow tract of the right ventricle (RVOT) and its contribution to clinical characteristics. Methods: Twenty‐four patients with Brugada syndrome (23 men and 1 woman; 61 ± 16 years old) were studied. We assessed the presence of late potential (LP) in SAECG and the filtered QRS duration in the right precordial leads (V1 or V2; RfQRS) and in the left precordial leads (V5 or V6; LfQRS) and the difference between them. In 18 patients, SAECG was evaluated for an LP on three separate occasions. Results: SAECG was positive for LP in 15 patients at least once; and in 7 patients, SAECG was positive for an LP on multiple occasions, and 6 of 7 patients (86%) had a history of cardiac arrest. The difference between RfQRS and LfQRS was significantly greater in patients with cardiac arrest than in patients with syncope or in asymptomatic patients; 29 ± 10, 14 ± 11 (P < 0.01), and 7 ± 5 msec (P < 0.001), respectively. All patients were alive and one patient with cardiac arrest had an appropriate VF therapy delivered by the ICD. Conclusions: The dominant prolongation of the filtered QRS duration in the right precordial leads may be related to the risk of arrhythmic event in Brugada syndrome.
Lymphozytische Infiltration durch die Einnahme von Tamsulosin (Alna®)
Authors: Diesler Sandra , Hirche Frank , Krieg Thomas , Hunzelmann Nicolas 
Published: September 2005

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über einen 69‐jährigen Patienten, bei dem es nach der p. o. Einnahme von Tamsulosin (Alna®) zur Manifestation von rötlich‐lividen Plaques im Bereich des Rückens, Rima ani, Ellenbogen bds. sowie Fingergelenke kam. Die Hauteffloreszenzen bildeten sich reproduzierbar nach dem Absetzen von Tamsulosin zurück. Die histologische Begutachtung einer Probebiopsie aus einem UVA‐exponierten Areal im Bereich des Rückens ergab die Diagnose einer lymphozytischen Infiltration. Typ‐I‐ und Typ‐IV‐Sensibilisierungen gegen Tamsulosin konnten im Prick‐ und Epikutantest nicht festgestellt werden. Nach unserem Wissen ist dies der erste Fall, bei dem es nach der Einnahme von Tamsulosin zu einer Medikamentenunverträglichkeit unter dem histologischen und klinischen Bild einer lymphozytische Infiltration gekommen ist. Seit Absetzen von Tamsulosin ist der Patient beschwerdefrei.
Oxcarbazepin‐induziertes lokalisiertes Ödem am Penis
Authors: Rallis Efstathios , Theodoridis Athanasios , Moussatou Vasiliki , Papadakis Pavlos , Verros Constantinos 
Published: September 2005

ZusammenfassungOxcarbazepin ist ein Carbamazepin‐Analog mit antikonvulsiver und schmerzstillender Wirkung. Wir berichten über einen Patienten, bei dem ein lokalisiertes Penisödem durch Oxcarbazepin induziert wurde. Der kausale Zusammenhang wurde durch eine Expositionstestung bestätigt. Umschriebene Ödeme wurden bisher noch nicht als Nebenwirkung dieser Substanz beschrieben.
KTP‐Laser‐Koagulation bei Xanthelasma palpebrarum
Authors: Berger Claudia , Kopera Daisy 
Published: September 2005

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Xanthelasma palpebrarum repräsentiert gutartige Fetteinlagerungen an den Augenlidern. Die Pathogenese dieser gelblichen Plaques ist nicht hinlänglich geklärt. Ein Zusammenhang mit Hyperlipidämie, Diabetes mellitus und Schilddrüsenfunktionsstörungen wird diskutiert. Ihre Behandlung wird meist mehr aus ästhetischen als aus medizinischen Gründen angestrebt. Es wurde über verschiedenste mehr oder weniger invasive Behandlungsalternativen zur Reduktion der Xanthelasmen berichtet. Neuere, minimal invasive Techniken sollten ein geringes Risiko von Nebenwirkungen wie Narbenbildung und postläsioneller Hyperpigmentierung aufweisen. Patienten und Methoden: Wir beschreiben erstmals den Einsatz eines KTP‐Lasers (532 nm) zur Reduktion von Xanthelasma palpebrarum bei 14 PatientInnen an 33 Lidern. Ergebnisse: Die Mehrzahl der PatientInnen (71 %) tolerierte die KTP‐Laser‐Therapie ohne Lokalanästhesie. Nach ein bis drei Behandlungsdurchgängen konnte in 85,7 % eine aus ästhetischer Sicht respektable Reduktion der Xanthelasmen erzielt werden. Unerwünschte Nebeneffekte traten nicht auf. Schlussfolgerung: KTP‐Laser‐Behandlung ist eine wenig invasive, sichere und effektive Behandlungsoption zur Reduktion von Xanthelasma palpebrarum ohne unerwünschte Nebeneffekte.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in four functionally related immune response genes in the horse: CD14,TLR4, Cɛ, andFcɛ R1 alpha
Authors: Vychodilova‐Krenkova L. , Matiasovic J. , Horin P. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryThe objective of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within four functionally related immune response genes in the horse, and to develop genotyping techniques that could be useful for future genomic studies of horse infectious and allergic diseases. The genes analysed were: the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor gene CD14, the toll‐like receptor 4 gene TLR4, the gene Cɛ encoding the IgE heavy chain molecule and the gene FcɛR1 alpha coding for the alpha subunit of the IgE receptor molecule. Horse‐specific primers amplifying selected gene regions were designed and SNPs were searched by selective resequencing and/or by PCR‐SSCP (polymerase chain reaction‐sequence specific conformational polymorphism) or PCR‐RFLP (PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism). Gene expression was analysed by RT‐PCR (reverse transcriptase‐PCR) of all four genes examined. For CD14, the cDNA sequence was determined and a novel sequence of the 5′UTR region was identified. The protein‐coding sequence was identical to that previously deposited in GenBank. 5′UTR, intronic and both synonymous and non‐synonymous exonic SNPs were identified. Three SNPs were found in the CD14 gene, four in the TLR4 gene; two SNPs were identified in the Cɛ gene, and one SNP was found in the FcɛR1 alpha gene. PCR‐RFLP was developed for genotyping eight of the SNPs identified. The RT‐PCR assay showed that all the SNPs reported here are parts of expressed genes. The results showed that important immunity‐related genes in horses are polymorphic and that even non‐synonymous SNPs with potential functional impact may occur. The methods developed for genotyping and haplotyping the SNPs identified represent, along with markers described previously, a potentially useful tool for genomic analysis of the function and role of these genes in immunity and in mechanisms of disease.
Frequencies of the common promoter polymorphisms in cytokine genes in a Polish population
Authors: Kurzawski M. , Pawlik A. , Czerny B. , Domański L. , Różański J. , Droździk M. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryCommon polymorphisms in cytokine genes, widely distributed in many populations, may affect gene transcription, leading to individual variations in cytokine levels. Some of those polymorphisms were associated with the risk of graft rejection or autoimmune and parasitic diseases development as well as treatment outcome. In the current study the frequencies of promoter polymorphisms in genes encoding interleukin‐2 (−330 G/C), interleukin‐4 (−590 C/T), interleukin‐6 (−174 G/C), interleukin‐10 (−1082 G/A, −592 C/A) and TNFα (−307 G/A) have been studied in a sample of 205 unrelated healthy Polish subjects of Caucasian origin. The frequencies of the determined cytokine alleles were as follows: interleukin‐2 (−330 G/C): T −64.9%, G −35.1%; interleukin‐4 (−590 C/T): C −79.8%, T −20.2%; interleukin‐6 (−174 G/C): G −53.4%, C −46.6%; interleukin‐10 (−1082 G/A, −819 G/T, −592 C/A): GCC −44.1%, ACC −32.0, ATA −23.9%; TNFα (−307 G/A): G −85.1%, A −14.9%. We also compared our results with other populations studied to date, describing some significant differences.
Reliability of HLA‐Cw data collected in unrelated bone marrow registry and their usefulness for preliminary donor selection
Authors: Nowak J. , Mika‐Witkowska R. , Zajko M. , Lopacz P. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryIn the present study, we addressed the question of how often HLA‐DRB1‐matched donors can be found by further typing of AB‐matched donors and whether Cw preselection can be helpful. Sixty‐eight patients and 174 donors were enrolled in the study. In all donors, confirmatory DNA Cw typing was performed to check reliability of registry Cw data. Among the 129 Cw serologically typed donors, 11 (8.5%) were not confirmed by DNA typing and for 77 (60%) at least one Cw blank antigen was genetically confirmed. In healthy controls, haplotype frequency higher than 1% has been found for 21 (55%) out of 38 Cw‐DRB1 haplotypes observed. A subtotal delta made up 67% of subtotal haplotype frequency fraction of 21 haplotypes confirming strong linkage disequilibrium of Cw‐DRB1 loci. After Cw preselection 12 (15.4%) out of 78 donors were matched in both DRB1. On the other hand, only two (2.1%) out of 96 AB‐matched donors with unknown or incompatible Cw were matched in both DRB1 at low‐resolution level (OR = 8.55; P = 0.0060; 95%CI 1.85–39.5). We found at least one DRB1‐matched donor for 12 (26.1%) out of 46 patients with Cw‐matched donors for which 1–5 (median = 1) of Cw‐preselected donors were chosen for further typing. Cw preselection of HLA AB‐matched donors for further DRB1 typing may improve the efficacy of stem cell donor search process.
Toll-Like Receptor 3 Is Induced by and Mediates Antiviral Activity against Rhinovirus Infection of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Hewson Christopher A. , Jardine Alice , Edwards Michael R. , Laza-Stanca Vasile , Johnston Sebastian L. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTRhinoviruses (RV) are the major cause of the common cold and acute exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a conserved family of receptors that recognize and respond to a variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. TLR3 recognizes double-stranded RNA, an important intermediate of many viral life cycles (including RV). The importance of TLR3 in host responses to virus infection is not known. Using BEAS-2B (a human bronchial epithelial cell-line), we demonstrated that RV replication increased the expression of TLR3 mRNA and TLR3 protein on the cell surface. We observed that blocking TLR3 led to a decrease in interleukin-6, CXCL8, and CCL5 in response to poly(IC) but an increase following RV infection. Finally, we demonstrated that TLR3 mediated the antiviral response. This study demonstrates an important functional requirement for TLR3 in the host response against live virus infection and indicates that poly(IC) is not always a good model for studying the biology of live virus infection.
Virion Envelope Content, Infectivity, and Neutralization Sensitivity of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Yuste Eloísa , Johnson Welkin , Pavlakis George N. , Desrosiers Ronald C. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTA truncating E767stop mutation was introduced into the envelope glycoprotein of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strain SIV239-M5 (moderately sensitive to antibody-mediated neutralization and lacking five sites for N-linked carbohydrate attachment) and strain SIV316 (very sensitive to neutralization, with eight amino acid changes from the neutralization-resistant parental molecular clone, SIV239). The truncating mutation increased Env content in virions, increased infectivity, and decreased sensitivity to antibody-mediated neutralization in both strains. However, the magnitude of the effect on infectivity and neutralization sensitivity differed considerably between the two strains. In the context of strain SIV239-M5, truncation increased Env content in virions approximately 10-fold and infectivity in a reporter cell assay 24-fold. The truncated SIV239-M5 was only slightly more resistant to neutralization by polyclonal monkey sera and by monoclonal antibodies than SIV239-M5 with a full-length envelope glycoprotein. In the context of strain SIV316, truncation increased infectivity a dramatic 480-fold, while envelope content in virions was increased only about 14-fold. This dramatic increase in infectivity cannot be simply explained by the increase in envelope content and is likely due to an increase in inherent infectivity, i.e., infectivity per spike, that results from truncation. The truncated SIV316 was extremely resistant to antibody-mediated neutralization. In fact, it was not neutralized by any of the antibodies tested. When increasing amounts of SIV316 envelope glycoprotein (full length) were provided intransto SIV316, infectivity was increased and sensitivity to neutralization was decreased, but to nowhere near the degree that was obtained when truncated SIV316 envelope glycoprotein was used. Truncated forms of SIV239 and SIV239-M5 required higher levels of soluble CD4 for inhibition of infection than their nontruncated forms; truncated SIV316 did not. Our results suggest that envelope content in SIV virions, infectivity, and resistance to antibody-mediated neutralization can be increased not only by truncation of the cytoplasmic domain but also by provision of excess envelope intrans. The striking increase in infectivity that results from truncation in the context of SIV316 appears to be due principally to an increase in inherent infectivity per spike.
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Free-Ranging Sooty Mangabeys (
Cercocebus atys atys
) from the Taï Forest, Côte d'Ivoire: Implications for the Origin of Epidemic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2
Authors: Santiago Mario L. , Range Friederike , Keele Brandon F. , Li Yingying , Bailes Elizabeth , Bibollet-Ruche Frederic , Fruteau Cecile , Noë Ronald , Peeters Martine , Brookfield John F. Y. , Shaw George M. , Sharp Paul M. , Hahn Beatrice H. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT

Simian immunodeficiency virus of sooty mangabeys (SIVsmm) is recognized as the progenitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and has been transmitted to humans on multiple occasions, yet the epidemiology and genetic diversity of SIVsmm infection in wild-living populations remain largely unknown. Here, we report the first molecular epidemiological survey of SIVsmm in a community of ∼120 free-ranging sooty mangabeys in the Taï Forest, Côte d'Ivoire. Fecal samples (
n
= 39) were collected from 35 habituated animals (27 females and 8 males) and tested for SIVsmm virion RNA (vRNA). Viral
gag
(800 bp) and/or
env
(490 bp) sequences were amplified from 11 different individuals (eight females and three males). Based on the sensitivity of fecal vRNA detection and the numbers of samples analyzed, the prevalence of SIVsmm infection was estimated to be 59% (95% confidence interval, 0.35 to 0.88). Behavioral data collected from this community indicated that SIVsmm infection occurred preferentially in high-ranking females. Phylogenetic analysis of
gag
and
env
sequences revealed an extraordinary degree of genetic diversity, including evidence for frequent recombination events in both the recent and distant past. Some sooty mangabeys harbored near-identical viruses (<2% interstrain distance), indicating epidemiologically linked infections. These transmissions were identified by microsatellite analyses to involve both related (mother/daughter) and unrelated individuals, thus providing evidence for vertical and horizontal transmission in the wild. Finally, evolutionary tree analyses revealed significant clustering of the Taï SIVsmm strains with five of the eight recognized groups of HIV-2, including the epidemic groups A and B, thus pointing to a likely geographic origin of these human infections in the eastern part of the sooty mangabey range.
Characterization of the Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Fusion Protein
Authors: Aspehaug Vidar , Mikalsen Aase B. , Snow Michael , Biering Eirik , Villoing Stéphane 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT

Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) is an orthomyxovirus causing serious disease in Atlantic salmon (
Salmo salar
L.). This study presents the characterization of the ISAV 50-kDa glycoprotein encoded by segment 5, here termed the viral membrane fusion protein (F). This is the first description of a separate orthomyxovirus F protein, and to our knowledge, the first pH-dependent separate viral F protein described. The ISAV F protein is synthesized as a precursor protein, F
0
, that is proteolytically cleaved to F
1
and F
2
, which are held together by disulfide bridges. The cleaved protein is in a metastable, fusion-activated state that can be triggered by low pH, high temperature, or a high concentration of urea. Cell-cell fusion can be initiated by treatment with trypsin and low pH of ISAV-infected cells and of transfected cells expressing F, although the coexpression of ISAV HE significantly improves fusion. Fusion is initiated at pH 5.4 to 5.6, and the fusion process is coincident with the trimerization of the F protein, or most likely a stabilization of the trimer, suggesting that it represents the formation of the fusogenic structure. Exposure to trypsin and a low pH prior to infection inactivated the virus, demonstrating the nonreversibility of this conformational change. Sequence analyses identified a potential coiled coil and a fusion peptide. Size estimates of F
1
and F
2
and the localization of the putative fusion peptide and theoretical trypsin cleavage sites suggest that the proteolytic cleavage site is after residue K
276
in the protein sequence.