bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human placental vascular and perivascular cell heterogeneity differs between first trimester and term, and in pregnancies affected by foetal growth restriction
Authors: Boss Anna L , Chamley Lawrence W , Brooks Anna E S , James Joanna L 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Growth-restricted placentae have a reduced vascular network, impairing exchange of nutrients and oxygen. However, little is known about the differentiation events and cell types that underpin normal/abnormal placental vascular formation and function. Here, we used 23-colour flow cytometry to characterize placental vascular/perivascular populations between first trimester and term, and in foetal growth restriction (FGR). First-trimester endothelial cells had an immature phenotype (CD144+/lowCD36−CD146low), while term endothelial cells expressed mature endothelial markers (CD36+CD146+). At term, a distinct population of CD31low endothelial cells co-expressed mesenchymal markers (CD90, CD26), indicating a capacity for endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT). In FGR, compared with normal pregnancies, endothelial cells constituted 3-fold fewer villous core cells (P &lt; 0.05), contributing to an increased perivascular: endothelial cell ratio (2.6-fold, P &lt; 0.05). This suggests that abnormal EndMT may play a role in FGR. First-trimester endothelial cells underwent EndMT in culture, losing endothelial (CD31, CD34, CD144) and gaining mesenchymal (CD90, CD26) marker expression. Together this highlights how differences in villous core cell heterogeneity and phenotype may contribute to FGR pathophysiology across gestation.
JMnorm: a novel joint multi-feature normalization method for integrative and comparative epigenomics
Authors: Xiang Guanjue , Guo Yuchun , Bumcrot David , Sigova Alla 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Combinatorial patterns of epigenetic features reflect transcriptional states and functions of genomic regions. While many epigenetic features have correlated relationships, most existing data normalization approaches analyze each feature independently. Such strategies may distort relationships between functionally correlated epigenetic features and hinder biological interpretation. We present a novel approach named JMnorm that simultaneously normalizes multiple epigenetic features across cell types, species, and experimental conditions by leveraging information from partially correlated epigenetic features. We demonstrate that JMnorm-normalized data can better preserve cross-epigenetic-feature correlations across different cell types and enhance consistency between biological replicates than data normalized by other methods. Additionally, we show that JMnorm-normalized data can consistently improve the performance of various downstream analyses, which include candidate cis-regulatory element clustering, cross-cell-type gene expression prediction, detection of transcription factor binding and changes upon perturbations. These findings suggest that JMnorm effectively minimizes technical noise while preserving true biologically significant relationships between epigenetic datasets. We anticipate that JMnorm will enhance integrative and comparative epigenomics.
Plumbing System Architecture and Differentiation Processes of the Nyiragongo Volcano, DR Congo
Authors: Molendijk Sander M , Namur Olivier , Kamate Kaleghetso Ephrem , Mason Paul R D , Smets Benoît , Vander Auwera Jacqueline , Neave David A 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The Nyiragongo volcano is one of the most alkali-rich volcanic centres on the planet (Na2O + K2O generally &gt;10 wt.%, agpaitic index up to 1.34), characterized by a semi-permanently active lava lake which hosts silica-undersaturated (SiO2 &lt; 40 wt.%), low viscosity lavas. To improve our understanding of this unique magmatic system, we present a set of 291 samples, acquired during new field excursions between 2017 and 2021. The major and trace element composition of all samples was measured, revealing a lithological range extending from primitive picrites (Mg# 82) erupted from parasitic cones to a variety of highly evolved nephelinites, leucitites, and melilitites erupted from the main edifice as recently as 2002, 2016, and 2021.
We measured major and trace element compositions from the full spectrum of minerals present in all sampled lithologies. From these we calculated that the main magma reservoirs feeding Nyiragongo are at approximately 9–15 and 21–33 km depth, in agreement with recent seismic observations. Fractional crystallization modelling using observed mineral compositions and proportions was performed to quantitatively link the lithologies to specific residual liquid fractions assuming evolution from an olivine-melilite parental melt.
Our modelling indicates that fractionation and cumulate formation in deep chambers reduces the remaining melt fraction to ~60%, after which melts are injected into upper, liquid dominated magma chambers where fractionation and accumulation of clinopyroxene, melilite, and feldspathoids dominates.
Characterisation of mineral textures and geochemistry reveals high crystal mobility in a repeatedly recharging plumbing system split between liquid-dominated, evolved magma chambers and more solid-dominated, primitive mushes, decreasing in liquid fraction with depth.
A Phasalist Approach to Coincidence Puzzles
Authors: Mooney Justin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The phasalist solution to the classic puzzle of the statue and the piece of clay only works for some coincidence puzzles and not others. To address this limitation of phasalism, I develop a novel approach to coincidence puzzles that permits different kinds of coincidence puzzles to be solved in different ways, provided that each solution satisfies certain constraints inspired by the phasalist solution to the statue puzzle. I apply my approach to four different kinds of coincidence puzzles, and I argue that it is no less plausible than rival approaches in the literature.
Social determinants of health and clinical outcomes among patients with atrial fibrillation: evidence from a global federated health research network
Authors: Simoni A H , Bucci T , Romiti G F , Frydenlund J , Johnsen S P , Abdul-Rahim A H , Lip G Y H 
Published: December 2023

Summary

Background
Few studies have investigated the role of social determinants of health (SDoH) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Aim
To investigate the relationship between SDoH and adverse events in a large multinational AF cohort.

Design
Retrospective study utilizing a global federated health research network (TriNetX).

Methods
Patients with AF were categorized as socially deprived defined according to ICD codes based on three SDoHs: (i) extreme poverty; (ii) unemployment; and/or (iii) problems related with living alone. The outcomes were the 5-year risk of a composite outcomes of all-cause death, hospitalization, ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, heart failure (HF) or severe ventricular arrhythmias. Cox regression was used to compute hazard rate ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) following 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM).

Results
The study included 24 631 socially deprived (68.8 ± 16.0 years; females 51.8%) and 2 462 092 non-deprived AF patients (75.5 ± 13.1 years; females 43.8%). Before PSM, socially deprived patients had a higher risk of the composite outcome (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.87–1.93), all-cause death (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.28–1.39), hospitalization (HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.98–2.04), IHD (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.64–1.70), stroke (HR 2.60, 95% CI 2.51–2.64), HF (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.86–1.96) and severe ventricular arrhythmias (HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.76–1.90) compared to non-deprived AF patients. The PSM-based hazard ratios for the primary composite outcome were 1.54 (95% CI 1.49–1.60) for the unemployed AF patients; 1.39 (95% CI 1.31–1.47) for patients with extreme poverty or with low income; and 1.42 (95% CI 1.37–1.47) for those with problems related with living alone.

Conclusions
In patients with AF, social deprivation is associated with an increased risk of death and adverse cardiac events. The presence of possible unmeasured bias associated with the retrospective design requires confirmation in future prospective studies.
Blueprints for Connection: A Meta-Organizational Framework for Layering Theory, Philosophy, and Praxis Within Continuing Education in the Health Professions
Authors: Chan Teresa M. , Sherbino Jonathan , Sockalingam Sanjeev 
Published: December 2023

Abstract:
As a field, Continuing Professional Development (CPD) lies at the intersection of many disciplines. Tensions can occur as scholars from fields ranging from education to quality improvement seek to advance the practices and workplaces of health care professionals. Owing to the diversity of people working to affect change within the field of CPD, it remains a very challenging space to collaborate and understand the various philosophies, epistemologies, and practice of all those within the field.
In this article, the authors have proposed a meta-organizational framework for how we might re-examine theory, application, and practice within the field of CPD. It is their belief that this proposal might inspire others to reflect on how we can cultivate and invite diverse scientists and scholars using a range of theories to add to the fabric of the field of CPD.
To Effectively Address Complex Healthcare Problems, Continuing Professional Development Must Evolve
Authors: Price David W. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Continuing professional development aims to provide health professionals with the knowledge, skills, and competencies needed to improve care. Physicians and other clinicians increasingly practice within complex health care delivery organizations aiming to improve the care of populations of patients with multiple problems and differing needs. These organizations are composed of local units in different departments and venues; these teams and the patients they care for change over time. Improving outcomes within constantly changing complex organizations delivering population care takes time and persistence. It takes time to equip critical masses of clinicians and other personnel with knowledge and skills to effect change. Although some changes might be simple, those involving new workflows require implementation support. Not all change will be smooth; individuals need opportunities to learn from and adjust their early intervention efforts, measure effectiveness of change, and sustain successful practices. Longitudinal support is necessary to affect change over complex organizations. This essay proposes that to be more supportive and valuable to health care delivery organizations, continuing professional development needs to intentionally participate in longitudinal, collaborative, context-specific, team-based interventions. An expanded menu of evaluation approaches will better describe the role of continuing professional development in helping health care professionals and organizations address increasingly complex health care delivery problems and improve patient and population outcomes. Selected concepts to achieve these ends are introduced at a high level in this article. Readers are invited to explore concepts that resonate with their current situation in further detail.
BULLOUS VARIANT OF CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY IN GOODPASTURE DISEASE: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Tsui Jonathan C. , Carroll Robert M. , Brucker Alexander J. , Kolomeyer Anton M. 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to describe a case of bullous variant of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSR) in Goodpasture disease (GD) compared with an identical twin without GD and summarize the literature on ocular manifestations of GD.

Methods:
This was an interventional/observational case report and literature review.

Results:
A 46-year-old White woman with a history of GD presented with decreased vision. She demonstrated bilateral multifocal pigment epithelial detachments and a large inferior exudative retinal detachment in the left eye consistent with bilateral CSR with bullous variant CSR in the left eye. Despite treatment, her disease remained refractory, with final VA of 20/200 in the left eye. The patient's identical twin sister did not have GD and demonstrated milder CSR on presentation with a more typical, self-limited disease course. Her final VA was 20/20 bilaterally.

Conclusion:
Goodpasture disease is associated with severe manifestations of CSR (exudative retinal detachment). Additional studies focusing on the association between GD and CSR severity may be of interest.
Investigating the potential of X shredding for mouse genetic biocontrol
Authors: Bunting Mark. D. , Godahewa Gelshan I. , McPherson Nicole O. , Robertson Louise , Gierus Luke , Piltz Sandra G. , Edwards Owain , Tizard Mark , Thomas Paul Q. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCRISPR-Cas9 technology has facilitated development of strategies that can potentially provide more humane and effective methods to control invasive vertebrate species, such as mice. One promising strategy is X chromosome shredding which aims to bias offspring towards males, resulting in a gradual and unsustainable decline of females. This method has been explored in insects with encouraging results. Here, we investigated this strategy inMus musculusby targeting repeat DNA sequences on the X chromosome with the aim of inducing sufficient DNA damage to specifically eliminate X chromosome-bearing sperm during gametogenesis. We tested three different guide RNAs (gRNAs) targeting different repeats on the X chromosome, together with three male germline-specific promoters for inducing Cas9 expression at different stages of spermatogenesis. A modest bias towards mature Y-bearing sperm was detected in some transgenic males, although this did not translate into significant male-biasing of offspring. Instead, cleavage of the X-chromosome during meiosis typically resulted in a spermatogenic block, manifest as small testes volume, empty tubules, low sperm concentration, and sub/infertility. Our study highlights the importance of controlling the timing of CRISPR-Cas9 activity during mammalian spermatogenesis and the sensitivity of spermatocytes to X chromosome disruption.
Activity of informed traders and stock returns
Authors: Hsu CheChun 
Published: December 2023

PurposeRecent studies suggested the ratio of option to stock volume reflected the private information. Informed traders were drawn to the options market for its leverage effect and relatively low transaction costs. Informed traders use different intervals of option moneyness to execute their strategies. The question is which types of option moneyness were traded by informed traders and what information was reflected in the market. In this study, the authors focused on this question and constructed a method for capturing the activity of informed traders in the options and stock markets.Design/methodology/approachThe authors constructed the daily measure, moneyness option trading volume to stock trading volume ratio (MOS), to capture the activity of informed traders in the market. The authors formed quintile portfolios sorted with respect to the moneyness option to stock trading volume ratio and provided the capital asset pricing model and Fama–French five-factor alphas. To determine whether MOS had predictive ability on future stock returns after controlling for company characteristic effects, the authors formed double-sorted portfolios and performed Fama–Macbeth regressions.FindingsThe authors found that the firms in the lowest moneyness option trading volume to stock trading volume ratio for put quintile outperform the highest quintile by 0.698% per week (approximately 36% per year). The firms in the highest moneyness option trading volume to stock trading volume ratio for call quintile outperform the lowest quintile by 0.575% per week (approximately 30% per year).Originality/valueThe authors first propose the measures, moneyness option trading volume to stock trading volume ratio, that combined with the trading volume and option moneyness. The authors provide evidence that the measures have the predictive ability to the future stock returns.
Demonstrating a significant advance to the field: An essential criterion for publication in Functional Ecology
Authors: Sayer Emma J. , Ferry Lara A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDemonstrating how a study advances the field is an essential criterion for publication in Functional Ecology. However, it is not always clear what constitutes a ‘significant advance’ and many manuscripts are rejected because authors have not demonstrated how their study will advance the field. In this editorial, we explain what the editors of Functional Ecology regard as an advance, and we provide some tips about how to demonstrate the advance in the manuscript text.
Nine recommendations for the emergency department for patients presenting with low back pain based on management and post‐discharge outcomes in an Australian, tertiary emergency department
Authors: Seneviratne Uvin , McLaughlin Kerry , Reilly Jennifer , Luckhoff Carl , Myles Paul 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo ascertain and develop recommendations for analgesic management, discharge planning and further healthcare utilisation of adults presenting to an Australian tertiary ED with radicular or low back pain (LBP).MethodsThis prospective cohort study included adults presenting with non‐specific LBP or radicular pain to an Australian tertiary ED. Participants with trauma/cancer‐related pain, and those requiring hospital admission or surgical interventions were excluded. The primary outcome was pharmacological and non‐pharmacological management delivered in ED, retrospectively collected via electronic medical records. The secondary outcomes include discharge management use, and changes made due to post‐discharge healthcare utilisation, as observed by weekly telephone questionnaires over 4‐weeks follow‐up.ResultsOf the 100 participants recruited, 94 completed follow‐up. In ED, pharmacological management was received by 85%, including opioids (62%) and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS, 63%). Non‐pharmacological management was received by 73%, including patient education (71%) and exercise prescription (37%). In the first‐week post‐discharge, changes to initial discharge plan occurred in 50%, mostly carried out by GPs (76%). Over the follow‐up period, 51% received additional investigations/referrals. Pharmacological use decreased by 38% and non‐pharmacological use decreased by 10%. 16% of opioid‐naïve patients continued using opioids 4‐weeks post‐discharge.ConclusionED presentations for LBP were more often treated pharmacologically than non‐pharmacologically, with opioids commonly prescribed and NSAIDs potentially under‐utilised. Post‐discharge, additional investigations/referrals, discharge analgesia reductions and maintenance of non‐pharmacological management were common. Opioid initiation as a result of LBP presentations, signifies a potential ‘gateway’ towards unintentional long‐term use. Key study findings form our nine recommendations to inform ED LBP pain management.
Associations between alcohol use disorder polygenic score and remission in participants from high‐risk families and the Indiana Biobank
Authors: Lai Dongbing , Kuo Sally I‐Chun , Wetherill Leah , Aliev Fazil , Zhang Michael , Marco Abreu , Schwantes‐An Tae‐Hwi , Dick Danielle , Francis Meredith W. , Johnson Emma C. , Kamarajan Chella , Kinreich Sivan , Kuperman Samuel , Meyers Jacquelyn , Nurnberger John I. , Liu Yunlong , Edenberg Howard J. , Porjesz Bernice , Agrawal Arpana , Foroud Tatiana , Schuckit Marc , Plawecki Martin H. , Bucholz Kathleen K. , McCutcheon Vivia V. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn the United States, ~50% of individuals who meet criteria for alcohol use disorder (AUD) during their lifetimes do not remit. We previously reported that a polygenic score for AUD (PGSAUD) was positively associated with AUD severity as measured by DSM‐5 lifetime criterion count, and AUD severity was negatively associated with remission. Thus, we hypothesized that PGSAUD would be negatively associated with remission.MethodsIndividuals of European (EA) and African ancestry (AA) from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) who met lifetime criteria for AUD, and two EA cohorts ascertained for studies of liver diseases and substance use disorders from the Indiana Biobank were included. In COGA, 12‐month remission was defined as any period of ≥12 consecutive months without meeting AUD criteria except craving and was further categorized as abstinent and non‐abstinent. In the Indiana Biobank, remission was defined based on ICD codes and could not be further distinguished as abstinent or non‐abstinent. Sex and age were included as covariates. COGA analyses included additional adjustment for AUD severity, family history of remission, and AUD treatment history.ResultsIn COGA EA, PGSAUD was negatively associated with 12‐month and non‐abstinent remission (p ≤ 0.013, βs between −0.15 and −0.10) after adjusting for all covariates. In contrast to the COGA findings, PGSAUD was positively associated with remission (p = 0.004, β = 0.28) in the Indiana Biobank liver diseases cohort but not in the Indiana Biobank substance use disorder cohort (p = 0.17, β = 0.15).ConclusionsPGSAUD was negatively associated with 12‐month and non‐abstinent remission in COGA EA, independent of behavioral measures of AUD severity and family history of remission. The discrepant results in COGA and the Indiana Biobank could reflect different ascertainment strategies: the Indiana Biobank participants were older and had higher rates of liver disease, suggesting that these individuals remitted due to alcohol‐related health conditions that manifested in later life.
An orthotopic syngeneic mouse model of bortezomib‐resistant multiple myeloma
Authors: Li Manjun , Bennett Melissa K. , Toubia John , Pope Victoria S. , Tea Melinda N. , Tamang Sarah , Samuel Michael S. , Anderson Paul H. , Gliddon Briony L. , Powell Jason A. , Pitson Stuart M. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryWhile bortezomib has significant benefits in multiple myeloma (MM) therapy, the disease remains incurable due to the invariable development of bortezomib resistance. This emphasises the need for advanced models for preclinical evaluation of new therapeutic approaches for bortezomib‐resistant MM. Here, we describe the development of an orthotopic syngeneic bortezomib‐resistant MM mouse model based on the most well‐characterised syngeneic MM mouse model derived from spontaneous MM‐forming C57BL/KaLwRij mice. Using bortezomib‐resistant 5TGM1 cells, we report and characterise a robust syngeneic mouse model of bortezomib‐resistant MM that is well suited to the evaluation of new therapeutic approaches for proteasome inhibitor‐resistant MM.