Legal Status and Problems of Exercising the Rights and Obligations of the Educational Process Subjects
Authors: Shakirova Altynay , Birmanova Axunkar , Turlayev Andrey 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Nowadays, the globalization processes and the growth of trade and economic competition associated with them pose new challenges for states. Science and education traditionally underlie any country's economic progress. Meanwhile, the state is called upon to satisfy society's educational needs to achieve its development's strategic goals.

Objective: The research discusses problems of exercising the rights and obligations of the subjects carrying out their activities in the educational environment. By general and special research methods, the theoretical and empirical material is analyzed and generalized. The research outcome is revelation of tendencies of developing the individual rights in the educational environment and a prospect of the further improvement of the laws in the sphere of education. Problems of regulating the educational activities are discussed in the context of debates held by various authors about the form and content of the phenomenon under research. According to the research results, conclusions are made that in the sphere of education a lot of important social relations are regulated by extralegal social regulators. There is a need for improvement of a legal status of subjects of the educational process and of legal groundwork for the educational activities by means of developing the promising areas of legal regulation of the educational activities.

Method: During the research, the main legal acts in the sphere of education were analyzed. These acts include the Constitution, the Law “On Education”, the Law “On Status of the Teacher, the Labor Code. These are the main legislative acts regulating the relations between subjects of the educational process. Other legal acts were also considered, which, in a sense, deal with the sphere of education. This is the Code “On People’s Health and Health Care System”, and the following laws: “On Social and Medical-Pedagogical Correctional Support for Children with Special Educational Needs”, “On Culture”, “On Physical Education and Sports”, “On Military Service and Status of Servicemen”, “On Law Enforcement Service”, “On Special Government Agencies” and other legal acts. The research used the general scientific methods - dialectics and axoilogy, general scientific methods - analysis, synthesis, comparison, a predictive method, and private methods of legal research.

Results: As a result of analyzing various view points and opinions, the following theoretical results were obtained. The research showed the basic groups of subjects, among which the mutual rights and obligations are supposed to be built. The groups under consideration are characterized by the primary signs that are driven by their functional rights and obligations.

Conclusion: The research substantiates a necessity to improve the legal relations in the educational environment, discusses the contradictions driven by an insufficient level of legal education and upbringing. By researching the theoretical sources, importance of further improvement of a legal status of teachers, students and pupils, and other subjects of the educational process is discussed.