bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interdependence of the Hue, Value, and Chroma in the Middle Site of Anterior Human Teeth
Authors: Schwabacher William B. , Goodkind Richard J. , Lua Marie J. R. 
Published: March 2005

PurposeThis study examines how the color coordinates of human teeth are related to each other and describes a mathematical relationship between Hue, Value, and Chroma of the middle site of anterior teeth.Materials and MethodsThe color coordinates obtained from a previous instrumental survey of the colors of vital teeth (see Goodkind and Schwabacher8) were examined statistically, and equations were sought to describe their distribution in color space. The resulting single equation was applied to the colors of 100 extracted teeth.ResultsCorrelations between Hue, Value, and Chroma were not significant for incisal and cervical sites. For the middle site, these Munsell color coordinates were highly correlated and closely confined to a planar region of the color space, described by a single equation.ConclusionsHuman tooth color distribution seems to be relatively simple, at least for the middle site. It seems possible that a systematic method of shade selection (see Goodkind and Loupe15) can be made available.
Digital Imaging of Occlusal Contacts in the Intercuspal Position
Authors: Sakaguchi Ronald L. , Anderson Gary C. , DeLong Ralph 
Published: March 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to develop an approach to the measurement of occlusal contact area and location using digitized video images of occlusal records.Materials and MethodsFive occlusal records in the intercuspal position were made using a polyvinylsiloxane material on five subjects with intact, natural dentition. In regions of occlusal contact, the material showed a minimal film thickness without perforation. A dental cast of the mandibular arch was video digitized and followed by digitization of each of the five occlusal records in place on the cast. An impression of a calibration stepwedge was video digitized to provide the relationship between impression material thickness and pixel density.ResultsContact surface areas ranged from 0.02 to 3.16 mm2 between subjects. The contact positions on a single tooth determined in five records from a single individual showed coefficients of variation between 7.4% to 36.1%. Large variations in contact size were found in this group of five records from a single individual (coefficient of variation ranged from 10.8% to 156.7%). The large difference in contact size between records may be due to variations in biting force at the time the records were made. When the cast position was changed and records redigitized, the mean area of the contact was not significantly different (P > .20) from measurements at the original position.ConclusionsFor the small sample evaluated, a large variation in occlusal contact size was found in the five records. The occlusal contact location was consistent in the five records. The measurement method developed seems to provide reliable measures of occlusal contact surface area and location.
The Fracture Toughness of Various Core Materials
Authors: Ziebert Anthony J. , Dhuru Virendra B. 
Published: March 2005

Purpose This study determined the fracture toughness of four core buildup materials.Materials and Methods Single‐edge notch, bar‐shaped specimens conforming to the American Society for Testing Materials standard E‐399 were fabricated for a high copper amalgam alloy, two composite resins, and a glass ionomer buildup material. The specimens were stored in air for 1 week and then tested in three‐point bending mode with an Instron Universal Testing Machine (Instron Corporation, Canton, MA).Results Fracture toughness values obtained were as follows: Fluorocore (composite resin; Caulk, Milford, DE), 1.54 MN · m−1.5; Ti‐Core (composite resin and titanium; Essential Dental Systems, New York, NY), 1.34 MN · m−1.5; Valiant Ph.D. (amalgam; Caulk), 1.29 MN · m−1.5; and Coreshade Glass lonomer Base Cement (Shofu Inc, Kyota, Japan), 0.55 MN · m−1.5.Conclusions Glass ionomer materials are probably unsuitable as core buildup materials because of their relatively low fracture toughness. Fluorocore, Ti‐Core, and amalgam all had fracture toughness values significantly greater than the glass ionomer (P < .01).
Long‐term Clinical Performance of Resin‐Bonded Fixed Partial Dentures Placed in a Developing Country
Authors: Mudassir Abdul , Aboush Yousef E.Y. , Hosein Mervyn , Hosein Tasleem , Padihar Inayatullah 
Published: March 2005

Purpose This study assesses the clinical performance of 92 resin‐bonded fixed partial dentures (FPDs) placed at four private practices in Karachi, Pakistan, between 1982 and 1991.Materials and Methods The distribution of the FPDs was 9 perforated, 45 electrolytically etched, and 38 silicoated. Twenty‐five FPDs replaced anterior teeth and 67 replaced posterior teeth. There were 66 FPDs with single pontics and 26 with multiple pontics. The perforated designs used a restorative composite for cementation, whereas the electrolytically etched and silicoated designs used a composite luting cement. The observation periods for the perforated, electrolytically etched, and silicoated FPDs were 114,99, and 30 months respectively.Results During the evaluation period, 27 FPDs (29%) failed; of these, 4 were perforated, 18 were electrolytically etched, and 5 were silicoated. The mean (±SD) duration of the successful clinical service for all FPDs was 41 ± 26 months. The mean time to failure for the FPDs that did not survive was 35 ± 23 months. The silicoated FPDs tended to have early failure, as did the FPDs with multiple pontics and those in the mandibular arch. Anterior and posterior FPDs performed equally well.Conclusions These findings, in conjunction with those from Europe and North American, show that resin‐bonded FPD technology is as successful in a developing country as in industrialized areas of the world.
In‐Ceram Failure Behavior and Core‐Veneer Interface Quality as Influenced by Residual Infiltration Glass
Authors: Carrier David D. , Kelly J. Robert 
Published: March 2005

Purpose Crown and fixed partial denture fabrication using In‐Ceram all‐ceramic restorative material (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) involves the veneering of a glass‐infiltrated alumina core with porcelain. The manufacturer instructs that excess infiltration glass be removed from all core surfaces before porcelain application; however, meticulous removal may not be practical. This study evaluates the failure behavior of two different types of In‐Ceram structures with or without thin layers of excess infiltration glass left on core surfaces.Materials and Methods Two groups of porcelain‐veneered incisor crowns were fabricated having either (1) excess infiltration glass removed from the aluminous core (n = 10) or (2) a thin layer (0.1 to 0.3 mm) of excess glass remaining on the core (n = 10). Each crown was loaded on its incisal edge against a flat compression platen at 0.5 mm/min. Two groups of core disks (thickness, 1 mm; radius, 7.5 mm) underwent similar surface treatments; ie, group A as recommended (n = 15) and group B having excess glass (n = 15). Disks were veneered with porcelain, polished to 1.5 mm, and loaded in biaxial flexure at 0.5 mm/min. All fracture surfaces were analyzed using light microscopy and a select sample were examined using scanning electron microscopy. A simple two‐dimensional finite‐element model was used to evaluate the stress state at the core‐veneer interface of bend samples.Results Failure loads were significantly higher for crowns having excess glass (Student's t test, P < .004). Weibull moduli were indistinguishable (m = 6.2) between crown groups, consistent with the microscopic impression that they shared a common failure mode. Microscopic evaluation of cross‐sectioned crowns showed core‐veneer interfaces with less porosity in the presence of excess infiltration glass. Failure loads for the disk groups were indistinguishable (Student's t test, P > .8). Scanning electron microscopic analysis of disk samples revealed that failures originated either at core‐veneer interfaces or at lower disk surfaces, consistent with the finite‐element analysis.Conclusion Excess infiltration glass on the core surface will not degrade the strength of In‐Ceram structures. Central incisor crowns (as tested) were strengthened by excess infiltration glass, but disk samples (stressed differently) were not. Finite‐element results suggest that disk failure originates from three possible sources.
Factors Associated With Successful Denture Therapy
Authors: Diehl Roberta L. , Foerster Ulrich , Sposetti Venita J. , Dolan Teresa A. 
Published: March 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this investigation was to evaluate complete denture patients at pretreatment and postinsertion, 6 months and 18 months after denture delivery in order to develop an explanatory model of successful denture therapy to better understand patient acceptance of complete dentures.Materials and MethodsSixty complete‐denture patients treated at a dental student clinic were followed through denture therapy and for 18 months thereafter. Subjects were examined and completed pretreatment questionnaires and posttreatment interviews. Three outcome measures of denture success were tested, and factors considered substantive in achieving a successful denture outcome were examined using multivariate analyses.ResultsAt post‐insertion, 76.7% of subjects were satisfied with their dentures, 74.6% said their expectations were met, and 66.7% said they adjusted easily to their new dentures; reports at 6 and 18 months were similarly high. Logistic regression findings suggest that psychological and interpersonal factors are more important determinants of denture satisfaction than anatomic or clinical factors.ConclusionsSubject characteristics including age, gender, race, income level, education, marital status, and maxillary and mandibular anatomy were not significantly associated with denture success as defined by the three outcome measures used in this study. Although these variables may represent important co‐factors in the patient's acceptance of dental services and may affect the way a patient perceives dental care outcomes, statistically significant relationships were not found within our sample. Psychosocial variables, such as pretreatment expectations, satisfaction with the dental care received, and mental health showed a stronger relationship to a successful outcome.
Marginal Fit of Electroformed Ceramometal Crowns
Authors: Holmes J. Robert , Pilcher Elizabeth S. , Rivers James A. , Stewart R. McQuay 
Published: March 2005

PurposeA method of fabricating ceramometal crowns using gold copings produced by an electroforming process has been described, which purportedly results in restorations exhibiting an excellent marginal fit. This study compares the fit of electroformed ceramometal crowns with ceramometal crowns fabricated using conventional lost wax casting techniques.Materials and MethodsElectroformed and conventional ceramometal crowns were fabricated for prepared extracted teeth. Specimens were cemented, embedded in acrylic resin, sectioned, polished, photographed, and measured to compare marginal fit.ResultsMarginal fit of electroformed ceramometal crowns was superior to the fit of ceramometal crowns fabricated using conventional casting techniques. The difference was statistically significant at a P = .05 level.ConclusionsCrowns utilizing copings fabricated by electroforming methods appear to have a fit superior to conventional ceramometal crowns fabricated using copings made by lost wax casting. The ease in laboratory electroforming techniques and the esthetic advantages of a gold‐colored coping can be capitalized on without concerns of a poorer fit.
Short‐Term Results of IPS‐Empress Inlays and Onlays
Authors: Studer Stephan , Lehner Christian , Brodbeck Urs , Schärer Peter 
Published: March 2005

Purpose A leucite‐reinforced, glass‐ceramic material was recently introduced for clinical use. In this clinical trial, IPS‐Empress inlays and onlays were evaluated using the modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria.Materials and Methods The teeth of 36 patients were restored with 105 posterior inlays and 25 onlays, fabricated by an indirect technique. After etching the restorations with hydrofluoric acid, they were silanized and luted using composite cements. The restorations were evaluated visually, clinically with a mirror and probe, and by bitewing radiographs and clinical photographs, using modified USPHS criteria. Restorations having neither charlie nor delta criteria were defined as successful, and their survival rate was calculated according to Kaplan‐Meier analysis.Results The mean observation period for the 130 restorations was 23.4 ± 6.1 months. After 2 years, 127 restorations were successful with an estimated survival rate of 97.5%. Three restorations failed because of fractures. The esthetic results were excellent.Conclusions The initial clinical results of this esthetic restorative material are encouraging. However, because of fatigue phenomena for all ceramic materials, a longer observation period is needed to provide a definitive prognosis of the long‐term clinical behavior.
The Effects of Custom Tray Material on the Accuracy of Master Casts
Authors: Martinez Luis J. , von Fraunhofer J. A. 
Published: March 2005

Purpose The accuracy of master cast reproduction by a polyvinylsiloxane impression material using two visible‐light‐curing resin and an autopolymerizing polymethyl methacrylate resin custom tray materials was investigated.Materials and Methods Custom trays were fabricated from a master cast that had three index points marked on both the inner and outer vestibules. Impressions were made of the master cast using Extrude and then poured in Die Keen Green stone. The distances between the reproduced index points were measured to ±0.01 mm with a traveling microscope and the algebraic norms calculated for each tray material.Results No differences (p > .05) were found in the dimensions of the inner index points, while the separations of the outer index points indicated that there were differences in the accuracy of reproduction (p > .01) by the three tray materials. The index points reproduced on the casts, compared with the master cast, were closer together for the Triad Blue trays than for the TruTray and Ontray impression trays.Conclusions All three tray materials produced acceptable casts, but the greatest accuracy was achieved with TruTray, followed by Ontray. Triad Blue produced casts that were slightly smaller than the master. In practice, the small measured differences in cast dimensions may not have clinical significance.
Comparison of Sectioning Rates Among Carbide and Diamond Burs Using Three Casting Alloys
Authors: Siegel Sharon Crane , von Fraunhofer Joseph Anthony 
Published: March 2005

PurposeThis study compared the sectioning rates of commercially available high noble, noble, and base metal casting alloys using two new cross‐cut tungsten carbides specifically manufactured for alloy sectioning and two medium grit diamond burs.Materials and MethodsRectangular bars cast from a base metal alloy (Ni‐Cr‐Mo‐Be), a noble alloy (Pd‐Cu‐Au), and a high noble alloy (Au‐Ag‐Cu‐Pd) were sectioned under controlled conditions. Two types of cross‐cut tungsten carbide and two types of medium grit diamond burs were tested using a high‐speed handpiece under a coolant flow rate of 20 mL/min and an applied load at the bur tip of 0.9 N (91.5 g). Three 4‐mm cuts were made through the alloy specimens using six burs of each type. The time required for Cuts 1, 2, and 3 was recorded, and sectioning rates in millimeters per minute were calculated as a relative measure of cutting efficiency. For each alloy, the total time required for the three cuts was analyzed using one‐way analysis of variance (one‐way ANOVA) and Scheffé tests (α= 0.05) to determine differences in sectioning rate among bur types.ResultsIn general, mean sectioning rate for Cut 1 through Cut 3 decreased with longer use of the bur. Regarding total sectioning times, the carbide burs sectioned the base metal alloy significantly faster (P < .001) than the diamond burs. However, diamond burs sectioned the high noble alloy significantly faster (P < .001) than the carbide burs. Diamond burs also sectioned the noble alloy more quickly than the carbide burs, but the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe cross‐cut tungsten carbide burs should be used to section the base metal alloy but the medium grit diamond burs should be used to section the high noble alloy.
HISPANIC AND NON‐HISPANIC RESPONSES TO CONCEPTS FOR FOUR FOODS
Authors: MOSKOWITZ HOWARD , ITTY BARBARA , KATZ RACHEL , MAIER ANDREA , BECKLEY JACKIE , FLORES LAURENT 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT Hispanics and non‐Hispanics Americans participated in four sets of studies dealing with health‐oriented foods, with the goal to identify how they respond to food categories relevant in any cuisine. Each study comprised a conjoint analysis using 36 elements followed by a self‐profiling questionnaire to learn more about Hispanic and non‐Hispanic food responses to concepts for four different product categories (morning bread, bottled water, healthful salad dressing and popcorn as a snack). The study identified patterns of preference of marketing statements in the areas of health information, sensory characteristics, emotional benefits and endorsements. Conjoint utility values generated by both Hispanics and non‐Hispanic respondents correlated highly, suggesting that their food attitudes are quite similar for“non‐signature”products despite the differences in their original cuisines.
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON BETWEEN TRAINED ASSESSORS AND WINE EXPERTS USING SPECIFIC SENSORY ATTRIBUTES
Authors: ZAMORA MARÍA CLARA , GUIRAO MIGUELINA 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTThe profile of nine samples of Chardonnay wines was used to compare the performance of an expert panel and a trained descriptive panel using a common sensory terminology. Each panel (expert and trained) consisted of eight members, and the descriptors used by both groups were generated by the trained assessors. Thirteen out of 17 attributes evaluated turned out significant for wine discrimination among experts, and seven out of 17 for trained subjects. The trained panel reached a higher level of consensus, while the experts were more discriminative among attributes. The principal components analysis (PCA) corresponding to the expert group explained 88.68% of the total variance among the samples of the first two components. A third component was needed for the group of trained assessors (87.66% variance). The PCA showed the same wine grouping for both panels, indicating that differences were perceived in a similar way, despite that the sensory dimensions of these differences was not the same in all the cases.
Study of SARS Transmission Via Liquid Droplets in Air
Authors: Wang B. , Zhang A. , Sun J. L. , Liu H. , Hu J. , Xu L. X. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Microscale liquid droplets could act as the SARS carriers in air when released from an infected person through breathing, coughing, or sneezing. In this study, a dynamic model has been built to quantitatively investigate the effect of the relative humidity on the transport of liquid droplets in air using coupled mass transfer and momentum equations. Under higher relative humidity, the exhaled liquid droplets evaporate slowly. Larger droplets fall faster, which could reduce the probability of the droplets inhalation. This may be one of the most important factors that influence the SARS transmission in air.
Dim1p Is Required for Efficient Splicing and Export of mRNA Encoding Lid1p, a Component of the Fission Yeast Anaphase-Promoting Complex
Authors: Carnahan Robert H. , Feoktistova Anna , Ren Liping , Niessen Sherry , Yates John R. , Gould Kathleen L. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

Schizosaccharomyces
pombe
Dim1p is required for maintaining the steady-state level of
the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) component Lid1p and
thus for maintaining the steady-state level and activity of the APC/C.
To gain further insight into Dim1p function, we have investigated the
mechanism whereby Dim1p influences Lid1p levels. We show that
S.
pombe
cells lacking Dim1p or
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
cells lacking its ortholog, Dib1p, are defective in generalized
pre-mRNA splicing in vivo, a result consistent with the identification
of Dim1p as a component of the purified yeast U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP
complex. Moreover, we find that Dim1p is part of a complex with the
splicing factor Prp1p. However, although Dim1p is required for
efficient splicing of
lid1

+

pre-mRNA, circumventing the necessity for this particular function of
Dim1p is insufficient for restoring normal Lid1p levels. Finally, we
provide evidence that Dim1p also participates in the nuclear export of
lid1

+

mRNA and that it is likely
the combined loss of both of these two Dim1p functions which
compromises Lid1p levels in the absence of proper Dim1p function. These
data indicate that a mechanism acting at the level of mRNA impacts the
functioning of the APC/C, a critical complex in controlling mitotic
progression.
Could flies explain the elusive epidemiology of campylobacteriosis?
Authors: Ekdahl Karl , Normann Bengt , Andersson Yvonne 
Published: March 2005

Abstract

Background
Unlike salmonellosis with well-known routes of transmission, the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis is still largely unclear. Known risk factors such as ingestion of contaminated food and water, direct contact with infected animals and outdoor swimming could at most only explain half the recorded cases.

Discussion
We put forward the hypothesis that flies play a more important role in the transmission of the bacteria, than has previously been recognized. Factors supporting this hypothesis are: 1) the low infective dose of Campylobacter; 2) the ability of flies to function as mechanical vectors; 3) a ubiquitous presence of the bacteria in the environment; 4) a seasonality of the disease with summer peaks in temperate regions and a more evenly distribution over the year in the tropics; 5) an age pattern for campylobacteriosis in western travellers to the tropics suggesting other routes of transmission than food or water; and finally 6) very few family clusters.

Summary
All the evidence in favour of the fly hypothesis is circumstantial and there may be alternative explanations to each of the findings supporting the hypothesis. However, in the absence of alternative explanations that could give better clues to the evasive epidemiology of Campylobacter infection, we believe it would be unwise to rule out flies as important mechanical vectors also of this disease.