bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunoassay for Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin in Undiluted Serum Is Influenced by High-Molecular-Mass Aggregates
Authors: Thaler Markus , Metzger Jochen , Schreiegg Anita , Denk Barbara , Gleixner Andreas , Hauptmann Hagen , Luppa Peter B 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackground: The new Elecsys® chemiluminescence assay for measurement of homodimeric sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) was designed for use with undiluted serum, in contrast to other methods that require predilution. During assay development, unexpected calibration difficulties were observed that were attributable to particular biochemical properties of the highly concentrated SHBG in solution.Methods: We used a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor, which enables biomolecular interaction analysis of SHBG, and size-exclusion chromatography for this investigation. The immunoassay was evaluated for imprecision, linearity, and suitability of the dilution medium, and the method was compared with an IRMA for SHBG.Results: The SPR biosensor characterized the special protein properties of SHBG in various concentrations. Above 200 nmol/L there was a strong tendency toward formation of high-molecular-mass aggregates. This was also detectable by size-exclusion chromatography and could be reversed by simple dilution of the sample. On the basis of these results, the dynamic measuring range of the SHBG assay is restricted to 0.350–200 nmol/L. Assay evaluation on a 2010 analyzer revealed excellent precision (CV ≤2.5%). Mean recoveries were 84.2–98.8%. Intermethod comparison with an IRMA yielded a satisfactory concordance of the two assays with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.8807.Conclusions: Aggregates of human SHBG may have a detrimental impact on the accurate measurement of the protein if measurements are performed with undiluted serum samples. Further work is needed to clarify whether these high-molecular-mass aggregates influence the free fraction of steroid hormones in vivo.
Amitriptyline or Not, That Is the Question: Pharmacogenetic Testing of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 Identifies Patients with Low or High Risk for Side Effects in Amitriptyline Therapy
Authors: Steimer Werner , Zöpf Konstanze , von Amelunxen Silvia , Pfeiffer Herbert , Bachofer Julia , Popp Johannes , Messner Barbara , Kissling Werner , Leucht Stefan 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackground: Amitriptyline has been replaced in many countries by alternative and more expensive drugs based on claims of improved tolerability and toxicity and despite slightly reduced efficacy. Preliminary studies indicate that adverse effects could be linked to polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes, but information on their clinical impact remains scanty and includes mainly case reports. We conducted a prospective blinded two-center study seeking correlations between CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 genotypes, drug concentrations, adverse events, and therapy response.Methods: Fifty Caucasian inpatients with at least medium-grade depressive disorder received amitriptyline at a fixed dose of 75 mg twice a day. Blood samples for concentration monitoring of amitriptyline and nortriptyline were taken weekly until discharge along with evaluations of depression (Hamilton Depression Scale and Clinical Global Impression Scale) and side effect (Dosage Record and Treatment Emergent Symptoms Scale; DOTES) scores.Results: In a ROC analysis, nortriptyline but not amitriptyline concentrations correlated with side effects (DOTES sum score ≥5; area under the curve, 0.733; P = 0.008). Carriers of two functional CYP2D6 alleles had a significantly lower risk of side effects than carriers of only one functional allele (12.1% vs 76.5%; P = 0.00001). The lowest risk was observed for carriers of two functional CYP2D6 alleles combined with only one functional CYP2C19 allele [0 of 13 (0%) vs 9 of 11 (81.8%) for the high-risk group; P = 0.00004]. We found no correlations between drug concentrations or genotypes and therapeutic response.Conclusions: Combined pharmacogenetic testing for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 identifies patients with low risk for side effects in amitriptyline therapy and could possibly be used to individualize antidepressive regimens and reduce treatment cost. Identification of genotypes associated with slightly reduced intermediate metabolism may be more important than currently anticipated. It could also be the key to demonstrating cost-effectiveness for CYP2D6 genotyping in critical dose drugs.
Screening for Primary Aldosteronism in Essential Hypertension: Diagnostic Accuracy of the Ratio of Plasma Aldosterone Concentration to Plasma Renin Activity
Authors: Schwartz Gary L , Turner Stephen T 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Background: The ratio of plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity (PRA) is considered the screening test of choice for primary aldosteronism. Uncertainty exists, however, regarding its diagnostic accuracy and the effects of antihypertensive drugs and dietary sodium balance on test characteristics.
Methods: We measured PRA and aldosterone in 118 white adults [71 men and 47 women; mean (SD) age, 51 (7) years] with previously diagnosed essential hypertension. Measurements were made while individuals were on antihypertensive drug therapy, after a 2-week drug-free period, after 4 days of dietary sodium loading, and after acute furosemide diuresis. We measured 24-h urine aldosterone excretion and PRA on the 4th day of dietary sodium loading to establish the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. ROC curves were constructed for ratios measured under each clinical condition, and likelihood ratios were determined for individuals on or off antihypertensive drug therapy.
Results: Fifteen patients [13%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 7–20%] met the reference standard for primary aldosteronism. The mean (SD) areas under the ROC curves did not differ significantly across conditions of measurement [range, 0.80 (0.10) to 0.85 (0.04); P = 0.72]. When measured on and off antihypertensive drug therapy, the 95% CIs for the optimum cutpoint for the ratio overlapped. Point estimates of sensitivity on and off therapy were 73% (95% CI, 50–96%) and 87% (70–100%), respectively, and specificities were 74% (65–83%) and 75% (66–84%). Under either condition, increased ratios were associated with 2.4- to 13-fold increases of posttest odds above pretest odds.
Conclusions: The aldosterone:PRA ratio provides only fair diagnostic accuracy in screening for primary aldosteronism, but concomitant antihypertensive drug therapy or acute variation in dietary sodium balance does not adversely affect test accuracy. Reporting of likelihood ratios associated with ranges of values of the aldosterone:PRA ratio, rather than use of a single “optimum” cutpoint, may enhance the usefulness of the test.
Missionary Encounters: Histories and Memoirs
Authors: Poewe Karla 
Published: January 2005

Alexander Merensky: Erinnerungen aus dem Missionsleben in Transvaal (Südafrika) 1859 bis 1882. Ulrich van der Heyden. ed. Cognoscere, 5. Berlin: Edition Ost, 1996.560 pp.Hate the Old and Follow the New: Khoekhoe and Missionaries in Early Nineteenth‐Century Namibia. Tilman Dedering. Stuttgart, Germany: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1997. 205 pp.
The Common Ground of Contested Space: Historical Archaeology and American Landscapes
Authors: Rubertone Patricia E. 
Published: January 2005

Landscape Archaeology: Reading and Interpreting the American Historical Landscape. Rebecca Yamin and Karen Bescherer Metheny, eds. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1996. 292 pp.Culture Change and the New Technology: An Archaeology of the Early American Industrial Era. Paul A. Shackel. New York: Plenum Press, 1996. 217 pp.
Political Violence and the Politics of Ethnography
Authors: Dusenbery Verne A. 
Published: January 2005

The Sikhs of the Punjab: Unheard Voices of State and Guerrilla Violence. Joyce J. M. Pettigrew. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Zed Books, 1995. 212 pp.Fighting for Faith and Nation: Dialogues with Sikh Militants. Cynthia Keppley Mahmood. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996.314 pp.
Explorations in Southeastern Archaeology
Authors: Peebles Christopher S. 
Published: January 2005

The Paleoindian and Early Archaic Southeast. David G. Anderson and Kenneth E. Sassaman. eds. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1996. 526 pp.Native American Interactions: Multiscalar Analyses and Interpretations in the Eastern Woodlands. Michael S. Nassaney and Kenneth E. Sassaman. eds. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1995. 376 pp.
Expect a Different Story: Portraying the Contemporary Plateau
Authors: Dobkins Rebecca J. 
Published: January 2005

By Hand through Memory. Henry J. Casey Hall of Plateau Indians, The High Desert Museum, Bend, Oregon, permanent installation.Native Arts of the Columbia Plateau: The Doris Swayze Bounds Collection. Susan E. Harless. ed. Seattle: The University of Washington Press. Published in Association with The High Desert Museum, Bend, Oregon, 1998. 136 pp.
The Georgia and South Carolina Coastal Expeditions of Clarence Bloomfield Moore; The East Florida Expeditions of Clarence Bloomfield Moore
Authors: Scarry John 
Published: January 2005

The Georgia and South Carolina Coastal Expeditions of Clarence Bloomfield Moore. Lewis Larson. ed. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1998.312pp.The East Florida Expeditions of Clarence Bloomfield Moore. Jeffrey M. Mitchem. ed. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1999.376pp.
The Ethnography of Contradiction: Studying Post‐Unification Germany
Authors: Fiske‐Rusciano Roberta 
Published: January 2005

Crumbling Walls and Tarnished Ideals: An Ethnography of East Germany before and after Unification. Hans Baer. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1998 155 pp.Where the World Ended: Re‐Unification and Identity in the German Borderland. Daphne Berdahl. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. 294 pp.
Culture and the Future
Authors: Peacock James 
Published: January 2005

Culture:. Problem That Cannot Be Solved. Charles W. Nuckolls. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1998. 301 pp.Culture as Given, Culture as Choice. Dirk van der Elst with Paul Bohannan. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press Inc., 1999. 236 pp.Culture: Beacon of the Future. D. Paul Schafer. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1998. 272 pp.
Across the Boundaries of Belief: Contemporary Issues in the Anthropology of Religion; Religion and Magic: Approaches and Theories
Authors: Winkelman Michael 
Published: January 2005

Across the Boundaries of Belief: Contemporary Issues in the Anthropology of Religion. Morton Klass and Maxine K. Weisgrau. eds. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999. 416 pp.Religion and Magic: Approaches and Theories. Graham Cunningham. New York: New York University Press, 1999. 126 pp.
Books Received and Noted
Authors: Schevill Margot Blum 
Published: January 2005

Heinbuch. Jean. Quillwork Companion: An Illustrated Guide to Techniques of Porcupine Quill Decoration (1990) Liberty, UT: Eagle's View Publishing Company, 92 pp.,. color plates, 53 black‐and‐white illustrations, tables, figures,. 1/2". 11", ISBN 0‐943604‐25‐7, $9.95 (paper), 0‐943604‐26‐5, $15.95 (hardcover). Eagle's View Publishing company, 6756 North Fork Road, Liberty, UT 84310.Anton. Ferdinand Ancient Peruvian Textiles (1987) Translated from German by Michael Heron. London: Thames and Hudson, 236 pp., 112 color plates, 189 black‐and‐white and sepia photographs, and drawings, table, map, selected bibliography, index, 12". 9 3/4", ISBN 0‐500‐01402‐7, $40 (hardcover).Duncan. Kate C. Northern Athapaskan Art:. Beadwork Tradition (1989) Seattle: University of Washington Press, 224 pp., 44 color plates, 186 black‐and‐white illustrations, maps, appendix, bibliography, index, 11 1/2". 9 1/4", ISBN O‐295‐96569‐X, $45 (hardcover). University of Washington Press, PO Box 50096, Seattle, Washington 98145‐5096.LeCount. Cynthia Gravelle Andean Folk Knitting: Traditions and Techniques from Peru and Bolivia (1990) Saint Paul: Dos Tejedorat Fiber Arts Publications, 146 pp., 46 color plates, 120 black‐and‐white photographs, 100 drawings, graphs, maps, glossary, bibliography, index, 11". 8 1/2", ISBN 0‐932394‐ 07‐8, $20 (paper), plus $2.50 postage. Dos Tejedoras, 757 Raymond Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55114.Gibson‐Roberts. Priscilla Salish Indian Sweaters (1989) Saint Paul: Dot Tejedorai Fiber Arts Publications, 120 pp., 120 charts, 50 line drawings, 62 blackand‐ white photographs, 11". 8 1/2", ISBN 0‐ 032394‐13‐2, $17.50 (paper), plus $2.50 postage. Dos Tejedoras Fiber Arts Publications, 757 Raymond Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55114.
The vertebrate ortholog of Aristaless is regulated by Dlx genes in the developing forebrain
Authors: Cobos Inma , Broccoli Vania , Rubenstein John L.R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe Dlx transcription factors have a central role in controlling the development of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐ergic neurons in the forebrain. However, little is known about how they control the properties of GABAergic neurons. One candidate is the Aristaless (Arx) homeobox gene, which lies genetically downstream of the fly Dlx gene (Distal‐less, Dll). The expression of Arx in the mouse forebrain includes Dlx‐expressing territories, such us the ventral thalamus, parts of the hypothalamus, and the ganglionic eminences and their derivatives in the subpallial telencephalon, and is expressed, as with the Dlx genes, in cortical GABAergic neurons. By using gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function assays in mouse and chicken embryos, we show that the Dlx genes have a conserved role in regulating the expression of Arx in the forebrain of vertebrates. Ectopic expression of Dlx genes with electroporation in brain slices from mouse embryos and in the neural tube of chick embryos shows that Dlx genes are sufficient to induce Arx ectopically. Moreover, we provide evidence that the Dlx genes exert a functionally relevant role in regulating Arx in vivo, as shown by the severe reduction in the expression of Arx in Dlx1/2 double‐knockout mice. Therefore, our results suggest evolutionarily conserved functions of Dlx genes in regulating Arx expression between Drosophila and vertebrates. J. Comp. Neurol. 483:292–303, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differentially expressed transcripts from phenotypically identified olfactory sensory neurons
Authors: Yu Tun‐Tzu , McIntyre Jeremy C. , Bose Soma C. , Hardin Debra , Owen Michael C. , McClintock Timothy S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn comparing purified mouse olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) with neighboring cells, we identified 54 differentially expressed transcripts. One‐third of the transcripts encode proteins with no known function, but the others have functions that correlate with challenges faced by OSNs. The OSNs expressed a diversity of signaling protein genes, including stomatin (Epb7.2), S100A5, Ddit3, Sirt2, CD81, Sdc2, Omp, and Ptpla. The elaboration of dendrites, cilia, and axons that places OSNs in contact with diverse cell types and signals presumably also requires large investments in cytoskeletal‐associated proteins, lipid biosynthesis, and energy production. Several of the genes encode proteins that participate in these biological processes, including ATP5g3, Ndufa9, Sqrdl, Mdh1, Got1, β‐2 tubulin, Capza1, Bin3, Tom1, Acl6, and similar to O‐MACS. Three transcripts had restricted expression patterns. Similar to O‐MACS and Gstm2 had zonally restricted expression patterns in OSNs and sustentacular cells but not in Bowman's glands, suggesting that zonality can be differentially regulated by cell type. The mosaic expression pattern of S100A5 in approximately 70% of OSNs predicts that it is coexpressed with a subset of odorant receptors. We captured four abundant transcripts, Cyp2a4, similar to Cyp2g1, Gstm2, and Cbr2, that encode xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes expressed by sustentacular cells or Bowman's glands, reinforcing the interpretation that clearance of xenobiotic compounds is a major function of these cells. Within the olfactory epithelium, Cbr2 is a new anatomical marker for sustentacular cells. We also discovered that Reg3g is a marker for respiratory epithelium. J. Comp. Neurol. 483:251–262, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental changes in spinal motoneuron dendrites in neonatal mice
Authors: Li Yan , Brewer Diana , Burke Robert E. , Ascoli Giorgio A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe examined the age‐dependent morphological changes of lumbar spinal motoneurons (MNs) in neonatal Swiss‐Webster mice during the first 2 weeks of postnatal life. Neurons labeled by intracellular injection of biocytin in hemisected lumbosacral spinal cords in vitro were reconstructed from serial sections. Digitized data were compared for young (P3; postnatal days 2–4; n = 9) and older animals (P11; postnatal days 10–13; n = 8). As expected, measures of dendritic size (e.g., stem branch diameter, total surface area, maximum distance to tips, and lateral tree spread) were all significantly greater for P11 than for P3 mice. In contrast, the number of dendrites per MN and parameters related to tree topology (e.g., terminations per tree and maximum branch order), although slightly greater for P11 animals, were not significantly different between the two ages. Dendrite growth appeared to be proportional throughout the tree because the ratios between average terminal and internal branch lengths were similar for the two groups. Furthermore, this elongation was proportional to enlargement of overall spinal cord dimensions. A variety of other morphometric measures showed no significant difference between age groups. The relative constancy of MN dendritic topology up to P13 was surprising, given the striking maturation in motor function during this time period. J. Comp. Neurol. 483:304–317, 2005. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tetraspanin‐5 (Tm4sf9) mRNA expression parallels neuronal maturation in the cerebellum of normal and L7En‐2 transgenic mice
Authors: Juenger C. Hendrik , Holst Martin I. , Duffe Katja , Jankowski Jakob , Baader Stephan L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTetraspanin‐5 (Tspan‐5) mRNA was recently shown to be strongly expressed within the central nervous system. In order to address Tspan‐5 function during nervous system development, we performed a detailed expression analysis in the postnatal FVB/N mouse cerebellum using in situ hybridizations. Tspan‐5 mRNA was expressed within cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) throughout postnatal development. The expression level, however, changed significantly with ongoing development. At the day of birth (P0), Tspan‐5 mRNA was expressed at very low levels in PCs. At this time, PCs of the FVB/N strain are postmitotic and bear axons, but no dendrites. At P7, Tspan‐5 mRNA expression was visible in all PCs, but was more prominent in those of the posterior lobules as compared to those of the anterior lobules. After P7, high levels of Tspan‐5 mRNA were seen in all PCs, which is when PCs elaborate and maintain their typical dendritic tree. This demonstrates that the level of Tspan‐5 mRNA is related to the developmental status of PCs. Consistently, expression of Tspan‐5 mRNA was specifically reduced in PCs of L7En‐2 animals, which display a delay in PC maturation during postnatal cerebellar development. In addition, whereas no Tspan‐5 mRNA signal could be detected in the proliferating granule cell layer, low levels could be found in postmitotic, premigratory granule cells and high levels in settled and differentiated granule cells. Thus, the level of Tspan‐5 mRNA expression correlates very well with the differentiation status of particular neurons. The level of Tspan‐5 expression might therefore be important for distinct phases of neuronal maturation. J. Comp. Neurol. 483:318–328, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vglut2 afferents to the medial prefrontal and primary somatosensory cortices: A combined retrograde tracing in situ hybridization
Authors: Hur Elizabeth E. , Zaborszky Laszlo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractGlutamate transmission is critical for controlling cortical activity, but the specific contribution of the different isoforms of vesicular glutamate transporters in subcortical pathways to the neocortex is largely unknown. To determine the distribution and neocortical projections of vesicular glutamate transporter2 (Vglut2)‐containing neurons, we used in situ hybridization and injections of the retrograde tracer Fluoro‐Gold into the medial prefrontal and primary somatosensory cortices. The thalamus contains the majority of Vglut2 cells projecting to the neocortex (∼90% for the medial prefrontal cortex and 96% for the primary somatosensory cortex) followed by the hypothalamus and basal forebrain, the claustrum, and the brainstem. There are significantly more Vglut2 neurons projecting to the medial prefrontal cortex than to the primary somatosensory cortex. The medial prefrontal cortex also receives a higher percentage of Vglut2 projection from the hypothalamus than the primary somatosensory cortex. About 50% of thalamic Vglut2 projection to the medial prefrontal cortex and as much as 80% of the thalamic projection to primary somatosensory cortex originate in various relay thalamic nuclei. The remainder arise from different midline and intralaminar nuclei traditionally thought to provide nonspecific or diffuse projection to the cortex. The extrathalamic Vglut2 corticopetal projections, together with the thalamic intralaminar‐midline Vglut2 corticopetal projections, may participate in diffuse activation of the neocortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 483:351–373, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photoreceptor projection reveals heterogeneity of lamina cartridges in the visual system of the Japanese yellow swallowtail butterfly,Papilio xuthus
Authors: Takemura Shin‐Ya , Kinoshita Michiyo , Arikawa Kentaro 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe compound eye of the butterflyPapilio xuthusis composed of three types of spectrally heterogeneous ommatidia. The ommatidia, which contain nine photoreceptor cells, R1–9, bear four (type I), three (type II), or two (type III) classes of spectral receptors in fixed combinations. The photoreceptors send their axons to the lamina, the first optic ganglion, where the R1–9 axons originating from a single ommatidium, together with some second‐order neurons, form a neuronal bundle, called a lamina cartridge. We investigated the axonal structure of photoreceptors in the lamina to determine whether the cartridge structure is different between the three ommatidial types. We first characterized a photoreceptor by measuring its spectral sensitivity and then injected Lucifer Yellow. We subsequently identified the type of ommatidium of the injected photoreceptor via histological sections. We further observed the axonal structure of the photoreceptor in the lamina by laser confocal microscopy. We found that the number and length of axon collaterals markedly differ between the spectral receptors. Those having the most extensive axon collaterals, which extend into six or more surrounding cartridges, are violet receptors (R1 and R2 of type II ommatidia). UV receptors (R1 or R2 of type I ommatidia) also send collaterals into two to four neighboring cartridges. Blue receptors (R1 or R2 of type I ommatidia, R1 and R2 of type III ommatidia) have short collaterals restricted to their own cartridges. We thus conclude that the neuronal circuit of the lamina cartridge differs between the three types of ommatidia. J. Comp. Neurol. 483:341–350, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.