bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 is a prognostic factor in patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Sakata Koh‐ichi , Satoh Masaaki , Someya Masanori , Asanuma Hiroko , Nagakura Hisayasu , Oouchi Atushi , Nakata Kensei , Kogawa Katsuhisa , Koito Kazumitsu , Hareyama Masato , Himi Tetsuo 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDNon‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) represents a heterogeneous group of tumors that vary with regard to their biologic aggressiveness and clinical course. In in vitro studies, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) was reportedly expressed by human NHL cells and elevated levels of MMP9 have been observed in a subset of patients with high‐grade NHL.METHODSThe expression of MMP2 and MMP9 was evaluated in 158 patients with NHL and the relation between the expression of these proteins and clinicopathologic factors was analyzed. All but 1 patient had received radiation therapy and 92 patients also were treated with intensive combination chemotherapy.RESULTSNearly all the patients with extranodal natural killer NK/T‐cell lymphoma nasal type and anaplastic large cell lymphoma, T‐cell/null cell type expressed MMP9. In contrast, only a small fraction of the patients with mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas and follicular lymphomas expressed MMP9. Approximately 50% of the diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cases expressed MMP9. The expression of MMP2 was noted in some of the patients with DLBCL and nasal NK/T‐cell lymphoma. The overall survival rates of patients who expressed MMP9 were significantly lower than that of those who did not. Such a correlation was not demonstrated in MMP2 expression. When MMP9 expression was analyzed in DLBLC patients, the overall survival rates of patients who expressed MMP9 were significantly lower than those who did not express MMP9. Chemotherapy was associated with better overall survival in DLBCL patients who expressed MMP9. Overall survival rates of T‐cell/NK‐cell lymphoma patients who expressed MMP9 appeared to be lower than that in those who did not express MMP9. However, chemotherapy was not found to improve overall survival in patients who expressed MMP9.CONCLUSIONSMMP9 expression was observed in patients with aggressive NHL and was characterized by poor overall survival. Cancer 2004;100:356–65.© 2003 American Cancer Society.
Long‐term follow‐up of patients with intermediate or high‐grade non‐Hodgkin lymphoma treated with a combination of cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, vincristine, and prednisone
Authors: Rossini Fausto , Terruzzi Elisabetta , Perego Daniele , Miccolis Isabella , Rivolta Franca , Manca Elena , Pogliani Enrico M. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDDoxorubicin cardiotoxicity is one of the most serious side effects of the cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy, regimen, especially among elderly patients. In the CEOP regimen, epirubicin was substituted for doxorubicin to reduce cardiotoxicity.METHODSBetween March 1984 and September 1998, 186 previously untreated patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of intermediate‐ or high‐grade non‐Hodgkin lymphoma according to the Working Formulation were treated with CEOP (cyclophosphamide, 750 mg/m2, epirubicin, 75 mg/m2, vincristine, 1.4 mg/m2; and prednisone, 60 mg per day orally on Days 1–5). Of 186 patients, 85 (45.7%) had Stage IV disease, and 60 (32.3%) had an International Prognostic Index score > 2. Comorbidity was present in 36 patients (19.3%).RESULTSComplete remission (CR) was achieved in 119 patients (64.3%), and partial remission was achieved in 30 patients (16.2%). Among the patients who achieved a CR, 95 (79.8%) were still disease free at a median follow‐up time of 86.9 months (range, 14–200 months). The remaining 24 patients experienced disease recurrence, at a median follow‐up time of 19 months (range, 3–101 months). The relative dose intensities were 0.69, 0.89, and 0.80 for vincristine, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide, respectively. Two patients died of toxicity due to infection. Two patients, 59 and 73 years old, respectively, experienced arrhythmia. Another patient, age 64 years, who had a myocardial infarction 10 years earlier, had angina. One patient with hypertension experienced cardiac failure. No patients died of cardiac toxicity.CONCLUSIONLong‐term follow‐up confirmed that CEOP is an effective and well‐tolerated chemotherapy regimen for intermediate‐ and high‐grade lymphoma. The Results were promising, especially among elderly patients. Cancer 2004;100:350–5. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Treatment outcome and pattern of failure in 77 patients with sinonasal natural killer/T‐cell or T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Li Chi‐Cheng , Tien Hwei‐Fang , Tang Jih‐Luh , Yao Ming , Chen Yao‐Chang , Su Ih‐Jen , Hsu Su‐Ming , Hong Ruey‐Long 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDSinonasal natural killer (NK)/T‐cell or T‐cell lymphoma behaves quite differently from other lymphomas. The objective of this study was to investigate clinical features, treatment outcomes, and failure patterns in patients with this type of sinonasal lymphoma.METHODSFrom September, 1977 to December, 2000, 77 patients with sinonasal NK/T‐cell lymphoma or T‐cell lymphoma who had received radiotherapy (R/T), chemotherapy (C/T), or both (R/T and C/T) were evaluated retrospectively.RESULTSFifty‐six patients (73%) had locoregional disease only, and 21 patients (27%) had systemic involvement. Forty‐four patients (57%) achieved a complete remission (CR). The 5‐year overall survival rate was 36% (median follow‐up, 89 months). Achievement of CR was the only prognostic factor for survival in multivariate analysis. Among patients with locoregional disease, the CR rate was 63%, and the 5‐year overall survival rate was 42%. Combined R/T and C/T or R/T alone resulted in better survival compared with C/T alone (5‐year survival rates, 59%, 50%, and 15%, respectively; P = 0.01). Incidences of locoregional and systemic failure were 43% and 30%, respectively. Outcome was dismal for patients with systemic disease, with a CR rate of 43% and a 5‐year survival rate of 25%. Only 2 of 21 patients had sustained remissions. The locoregional and systemic failure rates were 57% and 71%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSTreatment outcomes were unsatisfactory for patients with locoregional and systemic sinonasal NK/T‐cell or T‐cell lymphoma. R/T could not control locoregional disease satisfactorily, and C/T was unable to eradicate systemic disease in many patients. High‐dose therapy may be worth studying in these patients. New treatments should be investigated to increase remission rates, prevent failure, and improve survival. Cancer 2004;100:366–75. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
A Phase II trial of aprinocarsen, an antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor of protein kinase C α, administered as a 21‐day infusion to patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Advani Ranjana , Peethambaram Prema , Lum Bert L. , Fisher George A. , Hartmann Lynn , Long Harry J. , Halsey Joanne , Holmlund Jon T. , Dorr Andrew , Sikic Branimir I. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt has been postulated that protein kinase C α (PKC‐α) plays a pivotal role in signal transduction in tumor cancer cells. Aprinocarsen, a 20‐base antisense oligonucleotide, has shown ability to inhibit PKC‐α protein expression and inhibit tumor growth in human xenograft models. In a previous Phase I trial, the authors demonstrated the safety and some evidence of activity in ovarian carcinoma of aprinocarsen administered as a 21‐day, continuous, intravenous infusion.METHODSIn this Phase II trial, 36 patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma were treated with aprinocarsen at a dose of 2 mg/kg per day delivered as a 21‐day, continuous, intravenous infusion. The primary objective was to determine the antitumor response, and the secondary objectives were to evaluate toxicity and to evaluate effects on quality of life (QOL).RESULTSBetween September 1997 and December 1999, 36 patients (median age, 58 years) were enrolled in this trial. Patients were stratified into 2 groups: a platinum‐sensitive group (n = 12 patients) and a platinum‐resistant group (n = 24 patients). All 36 patients were evaluable for toxicity, and 27 patients were fully assessable for antitumor response after 2 cycles of therapy. All patients had received prior treatments. No objective responses were noted in the platinum‐sensitive group. In the platinum‐resistant group, 1 patient had some evidence of antitumor activity indicated by a decrease in serum CA 125 and stable disease on imaging studies for 8 months. No changes were noted in overall patient ratings for any of the five QOL domains.CONCLUSIONSWhen it was administered as a single agent, aprinocarsen did not have significant clinical activity in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma. Further study may be warranted in combination with platinum‐based regimens. Cancer 2004;100:321–6. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Randomized multicenter Phase II trial of two different schedules of irinotecan combined with capecitabine as first‐line treatment in metastatic colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Bajetta Emilio , Di Bartolomeo Maria , Mariani Luigi , Cassata Antonio , Artale Salvatore , Frustaci Sergio , Pinotti Graziella , Bonetti Andrea , Carreca Ignazio , Biasco Guido , Bonaglia Luigi , Marini Giovanni , Iannelli Antonio , Cortinovis Diego , Ferrario Ermina , Beretta Elena , Lambiase Antonio , Buzzoni Roberto ,   for the Italian Trials in Medical Oncology (I.T.M.O.) Group
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of the current randomized Phase II study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of capecitabine combined with irinotecan as first‐line treatment in metastatic colorectal carcinoma (CRC).METHODSA total of 140 patients received capecitabine at a dose of 1250 mg/m2 twice daily on Days 2–15 and irinotecan at a dose of either 300 mg/m2 on Day 1 (Arm A) or 150 mg/m2 on Days 1 and 8 (Arm B) every 3 weeks. During the course of the study, enrollment was continued using lower doses of capecitabine (1000 mg/m2 twice daily) and irinotecan (Arm A: 240 mg/m2; Arm B: 120 mg/m2) to improve the safety profile of the combinations.RESULTSEfficacy was evaluable in 134 patients (68 in Arm A, 66 in Arm B). Objective responses were observed in 46% of the patients (8% complete response [CR]), including 47% in Arm A (9% CR; 38% partial response [PR]) and 44% in Arm B (8% CR; 36% PR). The median progression‐free survival was 8.3 months in Arm A and 7.6 months in Arm B. Among the first 52 patients treated with the higher doses, the most frequent Grade 3–4 adverse event was diarrhea (27%). The lower doses adopted in the subsequent 88 patients led to better diarrhea control, particularly in Arm A, and significant reductions in the incidence of all‐grade hand‐foot syndrome and abdominal pain.CONCLUSIONSThe capecitabine and irinotecan combination was a highly active first‐line therapy in metastatic CRC. An acceptable safety profile was observed after dose reduction, particularly when irinotecan was administered on 1 day. Cancer 2004;100:279–87. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Elevated perioperative serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels in patients with colon carcinoma
Authors: De Vita Ferdinando , Orditura Michele , Lieto Eva , Infusino Stefania , Morgillo Floriana , Martinelli Erika , Castellano Paolo , Romano Ciro , Ciardiello Fortunato , Catalano Giuseppe , Pignatelli Carlo , Galizia Gennaro 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo the authors' knowledge, little is known to date regarding the prognostic relevance of measuring serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent stimulator of angiogenesis, in patients with colon carcinoma who undergo surgery.METHODSPreoperative and postoperative VEGF serum levels were determined by enzyme‐linked immunoadsorbent assay in 81 patients with colon carcinoma who were undergoing surgery. Fifty healthy individuals served to define normal VEGF serum levels.RESULTSPreoperative VEGF serum levels were significantly higher in the group of patients with colon carcinoma (mean, 504.1 pg/mL ± 223 pg/mL; range, 285–1390 pg/mL; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 49 pg/mL) compared with the control group (mean, 78.1 pg/mL ± 22 pg/mL; range, 40–110 pg/mL; 95%CI, 4.3 pg/mL; P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated a significant correlation (r) between preoperative VEGF serum levels and age (r = − 0.275; P = 0.013), Dukes stage (r = 0.488; P < 0.001), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels (r = 0.285; P < 0.018). No significant correlation was found between preoperative VEGF serum levels and disease site, patient gender, tumor size, tumor grade, or performance status. Moreover, preoperative VEGF serum levels were significantly lower in patients who underwent curative surgery compared with patients who underwent noncurative surgery (443 pg/mL ± 117 pg/mL vs. 821 ± 353 pg/mL, respectively; P < 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis selected preoperative VEGF and CEA serum levels as the only good prognostic indicators of curative and noncurative surgery (P < 0.001; relative risk, 2.98 and 2.03, respectively). Furthermore, VEGF serum levels dropped significantly after surgery, with a further downward trend until the 30th postoperative day (P < 0.001). Stepwise regression analysis selected preoperative VEGF serum level as the only variable associated significantly with the prediction of both disease‐specific survival and disease‐free survival (P = 0.001).CONCLUSIONSPreoperative serum VEGF levels may be useful for predicting outcome in patients with colon carcinoma who undergo surgery. Cancer 2004;100:270–8. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Genetic polymorphisms in the Hmong population
Authors: Kiffmeyer William R. , Langer Erica , Davies Stella M. , Envall Julie , Robison Leslie L. , Ross Julie A. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Hmong, an isolated, agrarian people from southern China, migrated to the mountainous regions of what are today Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. Minnesota has the second largest Hmong population in the United States. The authors compared frequencies of common genetic polymorphisms believed to influence risk of malignancy to determine whether frequencies in the Hmong are different from those in other Asian populations and in white Minnesotans.METHODSGenotyping for glutathione S‐transferase μ1 (GSTM1), glutathione S‐transferase θ1 (GSTT1), myeloperoxidase (MPO) (C−463T), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) (C609T), 5,10‐methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) (C677T), MTHFR (A1298C), methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) (A66G), X‐ray repair cross complementing 1 (XRCC1) 194 (Arg194Trp), XRCC1 280 (Arg280His), and XRCC1 399 (Arg399Gln) alleles was performed by TaqMan analysis using DNA isolated from newborn heel‐stick spots provided by the Minnesota Department of Health.RESULTSThe Hmong had significantly higher frequencies of the NQO1 T allele and the XRCC1 Trp polymorphism (Arg194Trp) and had significantly lower frequencies of the G allele in MTRR (A66G) and the T allele in MTHFR (C677T) compared with white Minnesotans. The Hmong also were significantly more likely to lack the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes compared with whites (82% vs. 54% and 61% vs. 18%, respectively). Genotype frequencies were similar for MTHFR (A1298C), MPO (C−463T), and XRCC1 (Arg280His, Arg399Gln). Genotype frequencies at these loci also were compared with those reported for other Asian populations and showed notable differences between the Hmong and Chinese/Taiwanese, Korean, and Japanese populations.CONCLUSIONSThe genetic differences identified have implications for both cancer etiology and prognosis in this unique population. Cancer 2004;100:411–7. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Frequency of HLA‐C alleles in differentiated thyroid carcinoma in southeastern Spain
Authors: Ríos Antonio , Rodríguez José Manuel , Moya María Rosa , Galindo Pedro José , Canteras Manuel , Alvarez María Rocío , Parrilla Pascual 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe development of thyroid carcinoma may be influenced genetically and has been associated with certain HLA alleles. HLA‐C alleles have not been studied in depth, because available serology techniques have not been very reliable in detecting them. However, the development of molecular biology provided an efficient and reliable technique for allele detection. The aims of the current study were to determine whether there is a significant association between any HLA‐C allele and differentiated thyroid carcinoma and to establish the possible susceptibility or protection alleles related to these tumors.METHODSHLA‐C genotyping was performed in 63 patients undergoing surgery for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (57 patients with the papillary subtype and 6 patients with the follicular subtype). A representative sample of 100 nonrelated healthy Caucasians was used as a control group from the same geographic area. The polymerase chain reaction–sequence‐specific primer technique was used for HLA‐C genotyping. The clinical variables analyzed were age, gender, family history of thyroid pathology, residence in areas of endemic goiter, asymptomatic status, presence of hyperthyroidism, compressive symptoms, presence of an intrathoracic thyroid component, histologic variables of the tumor, and evolution. The chi‐square test, the Mantel–Haenszel test, and the Bonferroni correction were used for the statistical analysis.RESULTSIn the control group, a significant correlation was observed between the lower frequency of the HLA‐Cw7 allele and the development of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (P < 0.05). Analysis of the different clinical variables revealed a relation between HLA‐C alleles and three clinical situations: cervical lymph node involvement with HLA‐Cw7 and HLA‐Cw2, vascular involvement with HLA‐Cw7 and HLA‐Cw1, and cervical carcinoma recurrence with HLA‐Cw1. However, after application of the Bonferroni correction, only the association between HLA‐Cw7 and lymphatic (Pc = 0.0483) or vascular involvement (Pc = 0.0324) persisted.CONCLUSIONSThe results revealed a relation between HLA‐Cw7 and differentiated thyroid carcinoma. In future investigations, HLA‐C typing may help to identify patients with a poor prognosis. Cancer 2004;100:264–9. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Molecular markers for prognosis after isolated postmastectomy chest wall recurrence
Authors: Haffty Bruce G. , Hauser Analene , Ho Choi Doo , Parisot Nicole , Rimm David , King Bonnie , Carter Darryl 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDLocal chest wall recurrence after mastectomy occurs in 10–20% of patients with operable breast carcinoma. The objective of the current study was to assess the prognostic value of molecular markers at the time of local recurrence and to compare these markers with clinical variables.METHODSBetween 1975 and 1999, the authors treated 113 patients at their institution for postmastectomy chest wall recurrences with full‐course external beam radiotherapy. Patients who presented primarily with lymph node recurrences or with simultaneous distant metastasis were excluded. Follow‐up from the time of chest wall recurrence was 10.13 years. All clinical and pathologic data from the original diagnosis and from the time of chest wall recurrence were entered into a computerized database. Paraffin‐embedded tumor specimens from the chest wall recurrences were available for 43 patients and were constructed into tissue microarrays for immunohistochemical staining of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor (PR), p53, HER‐2/neu, and cyclin D.RESULTSOverall survival after chest wall recurrence for the entire cohort was 46% at 5 years and 28% at 10 years. The distant metastasis–free survival rate was 49% at 5 years and 40% at 10 years. Local‐regional control of disease was achieved in 79% of patients at 10 years. In multivariate analysis, significant factors for distant metastasis after local recurrence were time to recurrence (< 2 years from the original diagnosis to chest wall recurrence) and PR status (distant metastasis–free survival rate: 84% [PR‐positive] vs. 38% [PR‐negative]; P = 0.007). The only significant factor for local‐regional disease progression was HER‐2/neu status. Patients with positive HER‐2/neu status had a local‐regional progression‐free rate of 59%, compared with 92% for patients with negative HER‐2/neu status.CONCLUSIONSThe prognosis for patients after local‐regional recurrence of breast carcinoma is relatively poor. Longer time to local recurrence and positive PR status were associated with favorable distant metastasis–free rates and long‐term survival. Positive HER‐2/neu status was associated with poorer local‐regional control of disease. Implications for systemic therapy and further studies are discussed. Cancer 2004;100:252–63. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Elective radiotherapy provides regional control for patients with cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck
Authors: Bonnen Mark D. , Ballo Matthew T. , Myers Jeffrey N. , Garden Adam S. , Diaz Eduardo M. , Gershenwald Jeffrey E. , Morrison William H. , Lee Jeffrey E. , Oswald Mary Jane , Ross Merrick I. , Ang K. Kian 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the current study, the authors assessed the efficacy of elective radiotherapy in providing regional (lymph node) control in patients with cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck who were at high risk for lymph node involvement. Toxicity was also assessed.METHODSFrom 1983 to 1998, 157 patients with Stage I or II cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck received elective regional radiotherapy after wide local excision of the primary lesion. None of the patients had received sentinel lymph node biopsy or dissection of the lymph nodes. Their medical records were reviewed retrospectively and analyzed for outcome.RESULTSThe median follow‐up for the current review was 68 months (range, 7–185 months). The disease recurred locally in 9 patients, in the neck lymph nodes in 15 patients, and distantly in 57 patients. The actuarial regional control rate was 89% at both 5 years and 10 years. The actuarial disease‐specific survival and distant metastasis‐free survival rates were 68% and 63%, respectively, at 5 years and 58% and 49%, respectively, at 10 years. Breslow thickness was a significant determinant of disease‐specific survival and distant metastasis‐free survival rates. At 10 years, 6% of patients had developed a symptomatic treatment‐related complication. There were no treatment‐related deaths.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study confirmed the efficacy and safety of elective regional radiotherapy for patients with cutaneous head and neck melanoma predicted to have a high rate of lymph node involvement. Elective irradiation was a viable alternative to elective lymph node dissection. It may also serve as an alternative to sentinel lymph node biopsy, particularly for patients for whom dissection and systemic therapy are not therapeutic options. Cancer 2004;100:383–9. © 2003 American Cancer Society.