bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reference steroid profiles in 0 to 3 day old neonates*
Authors: Bekker L. C. , Bester M. J. , Hurter P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe excretion of 16α‐hydroxypregnenolone, 16α‐hydroxy‐DHEA, and 11‐oxo‐pregnanetriol was studied in 28 neonates with unambiguous genitalia. The 16α‐hydroxypregnenolone:16α‐hydroxy‐DHEA ratio was determined and compared with the steroid ratios described by Shackleton and by Reynolds, and used to diagnose neonates with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The technique used was capillary gas chromatography after solid phase extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis, and derivatization of the analytes. Duplicate analyses were performed to provide identification (mass selective detection–quadrupole ion trap) and quantification (flame ionization detection). © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 250–254, 2001
High‐order method‐of‐moments solution of the scattering by three‐dimensional PEC bodies using quadrature‐based point matching
Authors: Gedney Stephen D. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn this paper, a novel high‐order method‐of‐moments solution of the electric‐ and magnetic‐field integral equations is presented. It is shown that, after choosing a smooth set of basis and testing functions, a simple transformation can be performed rendering a point‐based discretization of the integral equation at discrete quadrature points. Through numerical studies, it is shown that the proposed method results in exponential error convergence of the RCS for smooth three‐dimensional scattering structures. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 303–309, 2001.
Analysis of a new bandpass filter with two ring DRs using the FDTD method
Authors: Hwang Ho‐Tark , Lim Sang‐Ho , Oh Soon‐Soo , Jeong Jichai , Kim Young‐Sik 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn this paper, a new bandpass filter inserting a microstrip‐line resonator between two ring dielectric resonators is described in an MIC environment. This filter is designed using the general filter design technique, and is analyzed using the FDTD method. The designed result shows good agreement with the experimental and simulated ones. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 319–322, 2001.
Shielding effect using cascaded metallic holes in microwave circuits
Authors: Zeid A. , Baudrand H. , Peuch J. C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe problem of electromagnetic shielding between elements of microelectronic circuits has been studied by using a new technique (the via holes technique). Metallic squares and truncated square cross sections approximate each metallic circle cross section. A comparison between the adjacent and a staggered arrangement of via holes has been illustrated theoretically and experimentally. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 322–324, 2001.
Performance tolerance in microprism‐type bent waveguides
Authors: Hsu Jui‐Ming , Lee Ching‐Ting 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBy taking into account the inevitable fabrication tolerance, we present two kinds of performance‐tolerant models for microprism‐type bent waveguides. The optical transmitted power efficiency is investigated by using the fast Fourier transform beam propagation method and the orthogonality overlap integral. We demonstrate the dependence of the performance tolerance region on practical fabrication parameters. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 328–332, 2001.
Polarization‐insensitive wavelength conversion with a constant output linear polarization allowing the realization of an active polarization controller
Authors: Soto H. , Erasme D. , Zitlalpopoca J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn this work, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally a technique allowing us to realize a polarization‐insensitive wavelength conversion with an output beam whose polarization state is unique and linear for all input signal polarization states. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 344–348, 2001.
Circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna excited by dual conformal strips of unequal lengths
Authors: Wong W. C. , Leung K. W. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA circularly polarized cylindrical dielectric resonance antenna excited by two conformal strips of unequal lengths is studied experimentally. By using unequal strip lengths, two nearly degenerate orthogonal modes are excited and circularly polarized fields are generated. The measured return loss, axial ratio, radiation pattern, and antenna gain of the configuration are discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 348–350, 2001.
Three‐dimensional weak‐form conjugate‐ and biconjugate‐gradient FFT methods for volume integral equations
Authors: Zhang Z. Q. , Liu Q. H. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA large‐scale three‐dimensional volume integral equation solution for electromagnetic radiation and scattering problems remains a great challenge in spite of many ongoing research efforts. The conventional method of moments, although accurate and flexible, is limited to small‐scale problems because of its large requirement of computer memory and computation time. In this paper, we develop two fast methods, the weak‐form conjugate‐ and biconjugate‐gradient FFT methods, to solve the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind arising from Maxwell's equations in three dimensions. The weak form is a modified version of the Zwamborn–van den Berg formulation, where the singularity is circumvented by employing the weak‐form discretization by rooftop vectorial basis and testing functions. Both weak‐ form CG–FFT and BCG–FFT methods require O(N log2 N) CPU time, and O(N) computer memory, but the latter converges three–six times faster than the CG–FFT method. We validate the numerical results by comparing them with analytical solutions to multilayer spherical media, and with other published results. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 350–356, 2001.
Comments on “Returning to the Post Constraints”
Authors: Lakhtakia Akhlesh , Weiglhofer Werner S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractDmitriev [Microwave Opt Technol Lett 27 (2000) 201–203] recently contended that the so‐called Post constraint holds only for reciprocal and spatiotemporally local media. Having provided general proofs earlier, we point out that the Post constraint thus is not restricted, but applies to all linear media—whether spatiotemporally local or nonlocal, spatiotemporally homogeneous or nonhomogeneous, and reciprocal or nonreciprocal. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 363–363, 2001.
Electronic cooling of a passive resistor by a microwave transistor amplifier
Authors: Venguer A. P. , Medina J. L. , Chávez R. A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractExperimental research on the influence of a transistor amplifier on the noise power value of a passive resistor was performed. An expression for the noise temperature cooling using an attenuator–amplifier circuit is proposed, avoiding physical cooling. A significant deviation of the electromagnetic radiation value from the linear characteristics of a passive resistor is obtained into a given operation bandwidth of the amplifier for relatively small attenuation values and as a function of the input return losses. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 423–427, 2001.
Detection of transgene in progeny at different developmental stages following testis‐mediated gene transfer
Authors: Yonezawa Tomohiro , Furuhata Yasufumi , Hirabayashi Keiji , Suzuki Masatoshi , Takahashi Michio , Nishihara Masugi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe recently reported that exogenous DNA injected into testis as a liposome complex can be transferred into the egg via sperm by natural mating and integrated in the genome (testis‐mediated gene transfer: TMGT). Here, we studied the efficiency of each of the several liposomes in associating foreign DNA with sperm, the expression of an introduced gene in early embryos, and the presence of the DNA in fetuses and pups at different ages. The CMV/β‐actin/EGFP fusion gene, encapsulated with different liposomes, was injected into rat testis, and spermatozoa in the cauda epididymis were obtained 1, 4, and 14 days after injection. We tested each of the 8 liposomes, and found that only 2, DMRIE‐C and SuperFect, led to the detection of foreign DNA on all of the days examined, with relatively higher ratios of rats having positive sperm. By means of TMGT using either of those two liposomes, more than 80% of morula‐stage embryos expressed EGFP, as observed by fluorescence microscopy. Then we detected introduced DNA in the progeny by PCR and Southern dot blot, and found that the ratio of animals carrying the foreign DNA decreased as they developed, and that only a part of postpartum progeny were foreign‐DNA‐positive with high incidence of mosaicism. These results suggest that, although, the success rate is still limited, foreign DNA could be integrated into the genome of the progeny by TMGT at least under specific experimental conditions, the efficiency of which depends largely on the characteristics of the liposome. The results also suggest that TMGT could be applicable to fetal gene therapy as well as to the generation of transgenic animals. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 60: 196–201, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular Sturmians. Part 1*
Authors: Avery John , Shim Rune 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSturmian methods for solving the Schrödinger equation for an electron moving in the field of a number of nuclei are reviewed. The problem is approached in direct space, although momentum‐space techniques, including the use of hyperspherical harmonics, are used to evaluate the necessary integrals. In Part 2, these many‐center one‐electron solutions, with weighted potentials, will be used to build up correlated solutions to the many‐electron Schrödinger equations of molecules. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 83: 1–10, 2001
Quantum chemistry study of proteins in bacterial photosynthetic reaction center
Authors: Shen Ling‐Ling , Zhang Xiao‐Dong , Zhang Qi‐Yuan 
Published: November 2004

AbstractQuantum chemistry study on proteins L and M in the Rhodopseudomonas viridis (Rh. viridis) photosynthetic reaction center (PRC) are presented. The calculations were performed at ab initio level with Clementi minimal basis set by means of the overlapping‐dimer approximation (ODA)–extended negative factor counting (ENFC) method. Additional point charges were added to individual residues to simulated ionized aqueous environment of the proteins in the calculations. Meanwhile, the electronic structure of protein complex MH (protein M plus the α‐helix segment of protein H) was studied as well to examine the weak interaction between proteins M and H. As the first case of global quantum chemistry calculation for proteins in PRC, details of the electronic structure and the influence of proteins on the electron transfer process (ET) were studied. Moreover, new three‐dimensional structure plots of subunit L and M were given based on the distribution of the components of frontier orbitals in order to more clearly understand the structure–function relationship of the proteins in electron transfer reactions. Calculation results indicated that the components of frontier orbitals are extremely localized at individual residues. Amino acid residues, having contributed to the frontier orbitals of protein L, are located at the flexible random area of L, while those having contributed to the frontier orbitals of protein M are located at the rigid α‐helix area. This asymmetry of proteins L and M provides new understanding the ET reaction that takes place mainly along branch L in the PRC of Rh. viridis. Meanwhile, there is frontier orbital localized amino acid distribution around the V‐shaped pocket areas of protein L (M) that were expected to have an important interaction with QA (QB). All results indicate that protein provided a heterogeneous environment for pigment molecules and some important interaction between protein residues and pigment molecules are worthy of further investigation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 83: 30–40, 2001
Structure and stability of X4Y4H4 (XY=CC, BN)
Authors: Yin Ping , Chen Xian‐Yang , Li Chong‐De , Xin Xin‐Quan 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAb initio calculations have been carried out to study the structures and relative stabilities of the planar eight‐membered ring B4N4H4 and its isoelectronic species C8H4 at the HF/6‐31G*, MP2/6‐31G*, MP2/6‐311G**, and MP4SDQ/6‐31G* levels. The analyses of Milliken population, vibration frequencies, π‐molecular orbital components, and orbital energy levels were used to evaluate the relative stabilities of these two similar systems. The homodesmotic reactions were also taken to be a useful index of relative stability for X4Y4H4 (XY=CC, BN) and gave the resonance energies with MP4SDQ/6‐31G* of C8H4 (−37.2 kcal/mol) < B4N4H4 (−29.2 kcal/mol). Furthermore, we calculated the thermodynamic functions of these reactions to discuss the influence of temperature. It is concluded that B4N4H4 may exist in theory and could be a little more stable than C8H4. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 82: 293–298, 2001
Expressing kinetic‐energy for vibration–rotation motions in general rotating systems of axes and introducing quasirectilinear vibrational coordinates to simplify Hamiltonian forms
Authors: Okuno Yoshishige 
Published: November 2004

AbstractTo understand how the internal and rotational motions of a polyatomic system depend on which rotating system of axes is selected, we derived the explicit form of the atomic velocities determined by an observer stationed on the general rotating system of axes. Using the derived velocities, we formulated the kinetic energy expression for vibration–rotation motions with respect to the rotating system of axes. From this expression, we clarified covariant metric tensors under zero angular momentum, which have been confused with an erroneous expression even in the professional literature, and the relationship between the kinetic energy expression and the rotating system of axes. Furthermore, to simplify the Hamiltonian form, we introduced quasirectilinear vibrational coordinates to describe the Hamiltonian. The resulting Hamiltonian form is superior to those of the previous studies in that the kinetic and potential energy expressions are simple and the vibrational frequencies are independent of the original internal coordinates used. In fact, we show that its application for three examples is useful. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 83: 22–29, 2001
Algebraic solutions for point groups: The octahedral group for the group chain O⊃T⊃C3
Authors: Fan Peng‐Dong 
Published: November 2004

AbstractUsing the right‐induced technique and the eigenfunction method, concise algebraic expressions of the projection operators for both single‐valued and double‐valued representations are found for the group chain O⊃T⊃C3 in terms of the projection operators of T⊃C3. Extremely simple relations are discovered between the symmetry adapted functions (SAFs) of the groups T and O; namely the SAFs of the subgroup T which have proper symmetry are the SAFs of the group O. The projection operators and SAFs are functions of only the quantum numbers of the group chain [the analogy of ( j,m) for the group chain SO3⊃SO2], without involving any irreducible matrix elements. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 83: 259–270, 2001
Development of speedy and high‐sensitivity pen system for writing pressure and writer identification
Authors: Kikuchi Mami , Akamatsu Norio 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis paper describes a pen input system which was developed to obtain subtle writing pressure data. When the writing pressure is small, a conventional electronic pen cannot collate writing pressure data sufficiently. However, the developed pen can collate sufficient data with precision. The developed pen can manipulate any high‐speed signatures by means of high‐speed writing pressure processing. Further, in the pen input system, writing pressure data can be obtained by using only the pen, without any tablet.The writing pressure information obtained by the developed pen input system is analyzed and applied to writer identification. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 32(6): 1–12, 2001
A change‐point perspective on the software failure process
Authors: Zou Feng‐Zhong 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn the software reliability growth phase, the nature of the failure data is, in a sense, determined by the software testing process. There are many factors that affect software testing. These factors are unlikely to all be kept stable during the entire process of software testing, with the result that the underlying statistics of the failure process is likely to experience major changes. In this case, it is appropriate to use the change‐point method in the reliability analysis. This paper considers a change‐point model and proposes a change‐point estimator for reliability analysis. Experimentally, the change‐point method is applied to a real dataset, which verifies the validity of the model. A Monte Carlo simulation study on the asymptotic properties of the estimator indicates that the model is consistent. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymer surface science
Authors: Opdahl A. , Hoffer S. , Mailhot B. , Somorjai G.A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMolecular level studies of the structure and mechanical properties of polymer surfaces have been carried out by sum frequency generation (SFG) surface vibrational spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The surfaces of different grades of polyethylene and polypropylene have been characterized—including during the glass transition and when mechanically stretched. Copolymers that have hard and soft segments with different glass transition temperatures show phase separation, an effect of hydrogen bonding between the hard and soft segments, that influences their adhesive and friction properties. AFM and SFG show that low surface energy additives migrate to the surface and alter the surface mechanical properties. Polymers, where the chemical nature of the end groups is different from the backbone, show surface segregation of the hydrophobic part of the chain in air and the hydrophilic part in water. Likewise, in miscible polymer blends, surface segregation of the more hydrophobic component in air and the more hydrophilic component in water is observed. This area of surface science requires increased attention because of the predominance of polymers as structural materials and as biomaterials. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and The Japan Chemical Journal Forum Chem Rec 1:101–122, 2001
Tryptophan synthase: A multienzyme complex with an intramolecular tunnel
Authors: Miles Edith Wilson 
Published: November 2004

AbstractTryptophan synthase is a classic enzyme that channels a metabolic intermediate, indole. The crystal structure of the tryptophan synthase α2β2 complex from Salmonella typhimurium revealed for the first time the architecture of a multienzyme complex and the presence of an intramolecular tunnel. This remarkable hydrophobic tunnel provides a likely passageway for indole from the active site of the α subunit, where it is produced, to the active site of the β subunit, where it reacts with L‐serine to form L‐tryptophan in a pyridoxal phosphate‐dependent reaction. Rapid kinetic studies of the wild type enzyme and of channel‐impaired mutant enzymes provide strong evidence for the proposed channeling mechanism. Structures of a series of enzyme‐substrate intermediates at the α and β active sites are elucidating enzyme mechanisms and dynamics. These structural results are providing a fascinating picture of loops opening and closing, of domain movements, and of conformational changes in the indole tunnel. Solution studies provide further evidence for ligand‐induced conformational changes that send signals between the α and β subunits. The combined results show that the switching of the enzyme between open and closed conformations couples the catalytic reactions at the α and β active sites and prevents the escape of indole. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and The Japan Chemical Journal Forum Chem Rec 1:140–151, 2001*
Bioorganic chemistry à la baguette: Studies on molecular recognition in biological systems using rigid‐rod molecules
Authors: Matile Stefan 
Published: November 2004

AbstractInitial studies using rigid‐rod molecules or “baguettes” to address bioorganic topics of current scientific concern are reported. It is illustrated how transmembrane oligo(p‐phenylene)s as representative model rods can be tuned to recognize lipid bilayer membranes either by their thickness or polarization. The construction of otherwise problematic hydrogen‐bonded chains along transmembrane rods yields “proton wires,” which act by a mechanism that is central in bioenergetics but poorly explored by means of synthetic models. Another example focuses on multivalent ligands assembling rigid‐rod cell‐surface receptors into transmembrane dynamic arene arrays. The potassium transport mediated by these ligand‐receptor complexes provides experimental support for the potential biological importances of the controversial cation‐π mechanism. More complex supramolecular architecture is portrayed in the first artificial β‐barrels. It is shown how programmed assembly of toroidal rigid‐rod supramolecules in detergent‐free water permits control of diameter of the chemical nature of their interior. Reversed rigid‐rod β‐barrels are assembled to function as self‐assembled ionophores, ion channel models, and transmembrane nanopores. The potential of future intratoroidal chemistry is exemplified by encapsulation and planarization of β‐carotene in water and the construction of transmembrane B‐DNA at the center of a second‐sphere host‐guest complex à al baguette. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and The Japan Chemical Journal Forum Chem Rec 1:162–172, 2001
Business and the civil society: The missing dialectic
Authors: Reece John W. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe positive social impact of global commerce on an increasingly interdependent world is challenged by civil
society. A diversely supported backlash threatens political restrictions on the free market paradigm and loss of
globalization's momentum. Opposition is documented in the historical record and an expanding base of critical
literature. The power balance of the three components of society‐political, economic and civil is in flux.
Business's only stabilizing strategy is to acknowledge and act on its commensurate social responsibility.
Optimism is found in a minority of individual business actions, however the speed with which the majority will
adapt is crucial. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.