bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tarihin İzdüşümünde Antakya (Antiokheia) Kentinin Depremselliği
Authors: USLU AZARAK Laleş 
Published: September 2023

Depremler dünyanın oluşumundan beri süregelen doğa olaylarından biridir. Kuzeyde Avrasya, güneyde Arabistan ve Afrika plakaları arasında kalan Türkiye’den birçok fay hattı geçmektedir. Bu nedenle Türkiye’de birçok yerleşim geçmişte olduğu gibi günümüzde de deprem riski taşıdığı bilinmektedir. Son yılların en yıkıcı depremleri de denebilecek 6-20 Şubat 2023’teki Kahramanmaraş’ın Pazarcık ve Elbistan ilçeleri ile Hatay-Defne merkezli 7,7 ve 7,6 büyüklüğündeki deprem oldukça yıkıcı olmuş; çok sayıda can ve mal kaybına yol açmıştır. İnsan ve Jeomorfoloji arasındaki hayati bir ilişki vardır ve bu ilişki daha çok yerleşme alanlarının tercihinde ön plana çıkmaktadır. Jeomorfoloji ile toplulukların toplumsal ihtiyaçları arasında denge kurmak, Jeomorfolojik yönden ortaya çıkacak sorunları belirlemek ve çözmek doğal afetler sırasında oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışma 06-20 Şubat 2023 depremlerinden çok etkilenmiş olan ve geçmişten günümüze birçok yıkıcı deprem görmesine rağmen yine de sürekli bir yerleşim gösteren Antakya’nın bulunduğu coğrafi konumda birçok fay hattının geçmesinden dolayı bu kentin jeomorfolojisine genel bir bakış açısıyla değinilmiştir.
Abstract
Earthquakes are one of the natural phenomena that have been going on since the formation of the world. Earthquakes occurring in fault lines where tectonic plates collide or slide towards each other may be of low intensity or very severe. Many fault lines pass through Turkey, which is located between Eurasia in the north, Arabia and Africa plates in the south. For this reason, many settlements in Turkey are at risk of earthquakes today as in the past. The 7.8 magnitude earthquake that struck southern Turkey (based in Kahramanmaraş) and Syria on February 6, 2023, which can also be called the most destructive earthquakes of recent years, was unfortunately quite destructive and caused many loss of life and property. There is a vital relationship between humans and geomorphology, and this relationship is more prominent in the preference of settlement areas. It is very important to establish a balance between geomorphology and the social needs of communities, to identify and solve geomorphological problems during natural disasters. This study has addressed the geomorphology of this city from a general perspective due to the passage of many fault lines in the geographical location of Antakya, which has been very affected by the earthquakes of 06-20 February 2023 and has seen many destructive earthquakes from the past to the present, but still shows a continuous settlement; important and destructive earthquakes in the past have been examined and scientific findings aimed at minimizing the loss of life and property in possible earthquakes have been examined. Because natural disasters such as earthquakeswill cause less loss of life and property when approached with a scientific understanding.
Keywords: Ancient, Antakya, Earthquake, fault, Geomorphology
İdil-Ural Bölgesinde Eğitim Öncüsü Bir Kadın: Muhlise Bubi
Authors: ŞEN Muhammet 
Published: September 2023

19. yüzyıl sonlarında İsmail Gaspıralı önderliğinde ortaya çıkan Cedîd hareketi, tüm Rusya Müslümanları üzerinde etkili olmuştu. Din, eğitim-kültür alanlarında ıslah ve reformlar yapılmasını hedefleyen Cedîdizm, ötekileştirilen kadın ve kız çocuklarını da göz ardı etmemişti. Başta eğitim-öğretim olmak üzere kız çocukları ve kadınların toplumda erkekler ile aynı haklara sahip ve aynı statüde olmalarını savunmaktaydı. Cedîd hareketinin İdil-Ural bölgesindeki en önemli isimlerinden biri de Muhlise Bubi olmuştur.
Bu çalışmada; gelenekçi eğitim anlayışı içerisinde yetişen, kadın ve kız çocuklarının çağdaş eğitim ve öğretim alabilmeleri için ömrünü vakfeden Muhlise Bubi’nin hayatı ve eğitim faaliyetleri ele alınmaktadır.
Harbin Gölgesinde İktisadî Hayat: Birinci Dünya Savaşı Yıllarında Bursa’da Ticaret ve Ziraat
Authors: DEMİRYÜREK Halim 
Published: September 2023

Birinci Dünya Harbi insanlık tarihindeki en büyük felaketlerden biriydi. 1914 yılında başlayıp 1918’e kadar süren bu savaş Avrupa’dan Orta Doğu’ya, Afrika’dan Asya’ya ve hatta Amerika’ya kadar dünyanın dört bir yanını etkisi altına aldı. Tankların, uçakların, kimyasal silahların kullanıldığı savaşta, şehirler ve ülkeler harabe haline gelirken milyonlarca insan da hayatını kaybetti.
Osmanlı Devleti ise hem siyasî hem de iktisadî açıdan büyük sıkıntılarla uğraştığı bir dönemde bu savaşın içine sürüklendi. Birçok cephede çarpışan ve ekonomik bir çöküşün eşiğine gelen Osmanlı Devleti, artan gereksinimlerini sınırlı kaynaklarıyla dengelemeye çalıştı. Bu savaş Osmanlı şehirlerini de kıskacına aldı. Nitekim Osmanlı Devleti’nin önemli şehirlerinden biri olan Bursa, harbin doğrudan ve dolaylı tesirlerine maruz kalarak zorlu bir dönem yaşadı. Öyle ki savaşın uzamasıyla birlikte ortaya çıkan ekonomik problemler, işletmeleri ve fabrikaları olumsuz etkiledi. Emtia fiyatları olağanüstü derecede yükselirken, insanlar yaşamlarını sürdürmek için zorlu ekonomik şartlarla mücadele etmek zorunda kaldı.
Bu çalışma, Bursa İktisat Müdürü Vahid Bey’in 1916 ve 1917 yıllarına ait raporlarındaki verileri temel alarak, şehrin o dönemdeki tarımsal yapısını ve ticaret pratiğini değerlendirmektedir. Aynı zamanda savaşın yerel ekonomi üzerindeki etkilerini de açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada, Osmanlı arşiv belgeleri ve alan yazınına başvurularak; nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi kullanılmıştır.
Extraction of bioactive coumarins from lime peel as sample pretreatment before chromatographic analysis
Authors: Krasňanská Lucia , Hroboňová Katarína , Špačková Andrea 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Analysis of lime peel was applied to assess their suitability for various intended purposes, e.g., application in perfumery, cosmetics, and cleaning products, or as a source of bioactive or other value-added compounds. Targeted analysis allows wider usability of the waste part of these natural materials. In the present study, a novel, efficient, lab-simple, time-saving analytical method for coumarins determination in lime peel, including sample pretreatment by extraction and quantification by HPLC with fluorescence detection (FLD), is introduced. Optimal conditions of ultrasound assisted extraction included water as extraction solvent, temperature of 40 °C, and extraction time of 10 min. A magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer was employed as solid phase extraction adsorbent for primary extract cleaning, isolation, and enrichment of coumarins before chromatographic analysis. Recovery of herniarin and umbelliferone was more than 86 % ((RSD ≤ 4.8 %). Linear range of 50—1000  ng/mL with correlation coefficient above 0.998 was obtained for the proposed HPLC-FLD method. The limit of quantification was 8.2 and 44 ng/mL for herniarin and umbelliferone, respectively. These results show that the proposed sample pretreatment procedure is suitable for analytical purposes and is perspective also for the analysis of other citrus samples, as well as for future scale-up preparative isolation of bioactive coumarins from citrus peel.
Role of raloxifene in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis of rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Salari M. , Sahebary M. , Sarafraz M. , Asadi Sakhmarresi T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveDue to the severe side effects of long-term treatment using hormone replacement therapy, Raloxifene (RLX) is introduced with beneficial effects on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for postmenopausal women. This review was conducted to collect data from the available literature on RLX for the management of postmenopausal women suffering from RA.MethodAll studies published up to 2019 were searched in four databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Medline. All articles were searched using several keywords, including “Raloxifene” or “Evista” in combination with “Rheumatoid Arthritis” or “Autoimmunity”. Finally, six studies were selected for the review analysis of this study. In all studies, 60 mg/day RLX was administered for postmenopausal subjects. The majority of the studies showed that the use of RLX was effective in postmenopausal women who underwent corticosteroid therapy. No severe complications were reported after RLX therapy in patients with RA.ResultBased on the obtained results, RLX is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that its short-term anti-arthritic effects are proven in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. It was well tolerated without serious adverse events.ConclusionIt seems that RLX is a promising treatment candidate in postmenopausal RA due to its anti-arthritic and anti-osteoporotic effects and based on the outcomes of experimental postmenopausal arthritis in animal and human studies.
The War in Ukraine: Economic impact on Asia
Authors: Herrero Alicia García , Mu Haoxin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 22, 2022 was a major shock for the global economy but also for Asia. Our paper reviews its impact on Asia through different channels, especially trade and finance of. We conclude that the trade and financial impact on Asia, and in particular on China, are much milder than for Europe. That said, the indirect impact, via elevated commodity prices and supply chain disruptions, has clearly had a toll on Asian economies considering their dependence on imports of fossil fuels. We also discuss China’s stance on the conflict, which may be key for its evolution down the road.
Working Together: Elite Global Financiers and Senior Government Officials
Authors: Meyer David R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Elite global financiers and senior government officials engage in economic diplomacy as they work together to achieve their goals. However, their co-dependent relationship is a source of tension because their goals do not always align. The thesis is that elite financiers and senior government officials mitigate these inherent tensions in their economic diplomacy relationships through building moderate to strong ties with each other. The empirical evidence to examine this thesis comes from interviews with 10 elite financiers in leading global financial centres. Their responsibilities require they interface with senior government officials. The results demonstrate that moderate to strong ties developed in face-to-face meetings between financiers and senior officials comprise crucial mechanisms to manage the tensions in their economic diplomacy
Influence of Soft Soil Samples Quality on the Compressibility and Undrained Shear Strength – Seven Lessons Learned From the Vistula Marshlands
Authors: Konkol Jakub 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This technical article presents the influence of sample quality on the compressibility parameters and undrained shear strength (c
u) of soft soils from the Vistula Marshlands. The analysis covers: (1) quality of soft soil according to three criteria: void ratio (Δe/e
0 index), volumetric strain (Δɛ
v) and C
r/C
c ratio; (2) influence of storage time on quality; (3) influence of sample quality on undrained shear strength (c
u), and (4) reliability of compression and undrained shear strength parameters estimation. The sample quality of three different soft soils (peat, organic clays, and organic silts) was investigated using dataset of geotechnical investigations from the Vistula Marshlands. The reliability of oedometer tests and compressibility parameters determination was shown. Different undrained shear strength estimates (from lab and field tests) were juxtaposed with sample quality. In situ estimates of undrained shear strength were compared with results of triaxial tests and direct simple shear test on reconstituted samples as well as SHANSEP estimates.
The results of research are grouped in seven lessons. The most important outcomes are: (1) the quality of samples is at best moderate or poor and there is no significant influence of storage time on sample quality, (2) regardless of testing method, the undrained shear strength natural variability of the Vistula Marshlands soft soils is between 20% and 50% depending on deposit depth and soil type, (3) the most accurate estimation of undrained shear strength can be obtained from field vane test (FVT) while unconsolidated, undrained compression (UUC) triaxial tests should be avoided, (4) SHANSEP approach can be considered as a valuable estimate of c
u (next to the FVTs), which additionally allows in relatively easy way to establish lower and upper bounds of c
u.
Alternative Management of Raoiella Indica Hirst, 1924 (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) With Passion Fruit Seed Extract
Authors: Cuzzuol Thiago Nieiro , Piffer Ana Beatriz Mamedes , Holtz Anderson Mathias , Marchiori Johnatan Jair de Paula , Holtz Filipe Garcia , De Carvalho José Romário , Aguiar Ronilda Lana , Fontes Patrícia Soares Furno 
Published: September 2023

Objective: The aim of this work was to evaluate the acaricidal potential of the passion fruit seed extract (Passiflora edulis) in controlling the red palm mite (R. indica).

Theoretical framework: Raoiella indica is a pest mite of agricultural interest, considered one of the main pests of banana, coconut, date palm, and ornamental crops.

Method: The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design using passion fruit seed extract, with 7 repetitions and 12 R. indica individuals per repetition. The concentration tested was 1.0; 1.72; 2.95; 5.08; 8.73, and 15.0 %. The experimental units consisted of coconut leaf discs (4 cm in diameter) with moist cotton at the bottom of the Petri dish (10.0 x 1.2 cm) and around the disc to maintain turgidity and prevent the mites from escaping. The application was carried out using an airbrush, connected to a compressor calibrated with a constant pressure of 1.3 psi and 1 mL of solution per plate. The evaluation was conducted at intervals of 24, 48, and 72 hours following the extract's spraying.

Results and discussion: Mortality was observed in the dose-response model, the concentration of 15 % showed mortality rates greater than 98.8 % of individuals. Amounts of phenolics of 10.242, tannins of 14.837, and flavonoids of 9.700 in mg g-1 were found, attributing the mortality of individuals to the presence of these compounds. It was concluded that the passion fruit seed extract has an acaricidal effect on R. indica in the laboratory.

Implications of the research: Alternative pest management has grown substantially in recent years, given the demand for more sustainable products in the agricultural field. The use of botanical extracts is beneficial to the environment, as it does not promote soil and water contamination and can be an efficient method for controlling agricultural pests.

Originality/value: This article adds value to research areas such as alternative management of agricultural pests, and sustainability and suggests a change in the environmentally conscious behavior of rural producers.
Penggunaan Campuran POFA (Palm Oil Fuel Ash) Dan Gypsum Sebagai Stabilisasi Tanah Gambut Ditinjau Dari Nilai CBR (California Bearing Ratio)
Authors: Fitriani Annisa Rizki Sulardi , Dwina Dila Oktarise , Alfernando Oki 
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini membahas pemanfaatan campuran abu limbah pembakaran cangkang sawit (POFA) dan gypsum. Variasi penambahan POFA sebesar 0 persen, 45 persen, 50 persen, 55 persen, 60 persen, dan gypsum sebesar 10 persen terhadap berat tanah kering dengan waktu perendaman 4 hari. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui daya dukung tanah dengan penambahan material berupa POFA dan gypsum di tinjau dari nilai CBR. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini yaitu tanah gambut asli sebagai tanah dengan kandungan organik yang tinggi termasuk kedalam golongan A-8 menurut sistem AASHTO dan disimbolkan dengan peat berdasarkan sistem USCS. Sampel tanah pada lokasi desa gambut jaya termasuk tanah yang memiliki daya dukung yang jelek karena memiliki nilai (California Bearing Ratio) CBR 1,08 persen. Pada tanah campuran POFA dan gypsum diperoleh nilai CBR yang meningkat pada umur perendaman 4 hari sebesar 4,76 persen CBR tertinggi didapat pada variasi campuran 45 persen POFA dan 10 persen gypsum terhadap tanah kering dengan masa perendaman 4 hari.
Studi Literatur Indikator Kinerja Pelabuhan Secara Internal Dan Eksternal
Authors: Praharsi Yugowati , Hardiyanti Fitri , Puspita Sari Devina , Akseptori Ristanti , Maharani Aditya 
Published: September 2023

Banyaknya Pelabuhan di Indonesia yang belum menerapkan Key Performance Indicator dalam evaluasi operasional kerjanya dan minimnya pengembangan teknologi sebagai nilai tambah dalam operasional Pelabuhan di Indonesia. Dilakukannya evaluasi dan pengukuran kinerja berdasarkan pada standar yang ada merupakan hal yang cukup penting dalam peningkatan kualitas kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan rumusan KPI dengan merujuk pada gabungan metode BSC dan PESTLE untuk meningkatkan kinerja pelabuhan. Penggabungan metode BSC dan PESTLE yang juga disertai dengan konsep sustainability, smart dan green port. Metode BSC digunakan sebagai ukuran kinerja perusahaan secara keseluruhan tetapi lebih menitikberatkan pada aspek internal perusahaan, sedangkan PESTLE digunakan sebagai ukuran kinerja pada aspek eksternal pelabuhan. Berdasarkan hasil studi literatur, metode-metode tersebut terbukti dapat digunakan sebagai alat ukur kinerja pelabuhan, sehingga perlu diintegrasikan karena perusahaan harus berada pada posisi kompetitif dengan informasi internal dan eksternal yang dibutuhkan. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan KPI yang telah dirumuskan dalam proses evaluasi kinerja Pelabuhan cukup penting untuk dilakukan.
Inclusive Blameworthiness and the Wrongfulness of Causing Harm
Authors: Tiffany Evan 
Published: September 2023

This paper takes up the question of whether the consequences of a person’s volitional actions can contribute to their blameworthiness. On the one hand it is intuitively plausible to hold that if D1 volitionally shoots V with the intention of killing V then D1 is blameworthy for V’s death. On the other hand, if the only difference between D1 and D2 is resultant luck, many find it counter-intuitive to hold that D1 is more blameworthy than D2. There are three broad (non-skeptical) strategies for resolving this tension: accept resultant moral luck, deny that one can be morally responsible for outcomes, or accept that outcomes can be within the scope of things one is morally responsible for while denying that they can affect the degree of blameworthiness. This paper aims to defend resultant moral luck against both the scoping and the internalist strategies by drawing on an “inclusive conception” of blameworthiness, according to which how much blame one deserves is a function of two independent variables: the wrongfulness of the offense and the offender’s degree of moral responsibility. The view defended here holds that consequences affect degree of blameworthiness by affecting the wrongfulness of that for which one is being blamed.
Perception and practice of junk food consumption among undergraduate students in a medical university in Chengalpattu District”
Authors: Kokilaa Gunaseelan Latha , Gowthamkarthic Ravichandhiran , Wali Abhinandan , Agadi Soumya 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionJunk foods are defined as processed foods with negligible nutrient value and are often high in salt, sugar, and fat. Junk foods with high sugar content deplete energy levels and the ability to concentrate for extended periods, especially for college students who are forced to consume junk food to curb their hunger as it gives them a sense of pleasure. Due to low prices and affordability, they consume junk food as an alternative to home food.
MethodologyThis was a cross-sectional study carried out among undergraduate medical college students in the Chengalpattu district by systematic random sampling. A semi-structured questionnaire which was framed after reviewing similar works of literature was used to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding junk food consumption. The collected data were entered into MS Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 21. P value <0.05 was considered significant.
ResultsOf the 260 participants, 51% were males and 49% were females with a mean age of 20±2.0 years. 65% of the respondents had adequate knowledge regarding the harmful effects of junk food consumption and their BMI scores tended to be in the normal range. 45% of participants felt lethargic after consuming junk food. Chi-square revealed a statistically significant association between the student’s year of study (0.004) and their knowledge score, suggesting that the knowledge level was higher for interns.
ConclusionThe present study concludes that most participants had adequate knowledge of junk food consumption patterns. Nutrition counseling regarding a balanced diet and the harmful effects of junk foods may help to curb junk food addiction.
The trends and effects of food price inflation on the cost and affordability of nutritionally adequate diets in Malawi
Authors: Rana Md Masud , Roschnik Natalie , Taiwo Olusegun Caleb , Kulemba Anthony , Dambuleni Deusdedit , Phiri Brenda 
Published: September 2023

Background Global challenges of hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition persist, with nearly one in three people lacking sufficient food access. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these issues, particularly in Africa, where 59.6% of the population grapples with food insecurity. Malawi faces high stunting and anaemia rates in children, driven by poverty, inadequate health services, and improper diet. Despite progress, the prevalence remains above regional averages. Research reveals imbalanced diets in Malawi, primarily reliant on maize, risking micronutrient deficiencies. This study examines diet affordability in the context of rising costs and low incomes, aiming to influence policy in addressing undernutrition in Malawi and highlighting the overlooked role of affordability in nutrition access. Objectives This assessment aimed to estimate the minimum cost of a nutritious diet using locally available and culturally acceptable food items in Malawi. The objective was to explore how economic constraints affect Malawian households, particularly the poor and ultra-poor, in accessing such diets. Additionally, it sought answers to questions about cost changes over 12 months and affordability among different wealth groups in the country. Methods This study involved secondary data analysis by employing the Cost of the Diet (CotD) research method and software. The World Food Programme’s Minimum Expenditure Basket (MEB) provided monthly food prices for 28 items from April 2021 to March 2022. Comparing the cost of a nutritious diet with per capita income from the Malawi Poverty Report, we estimated the affordability gap. Food price data was from 77 markets in 25 districts, ensuring national representation. Results The annual cost of a culturally acceptable nutritious diet for a five-person household from April 2021 to March 2022 was MWK 84,658/month (≈$103). The diet’s cost increased by 25% during the period, from MWK 2,519 to MWK 3,140 per day. Only average urban households had sufficient income to afford the diet, with a 9.7% surplus. Ultra-poor, poor, rural, and average Malawian households faced affordability gaps of 139.5%, 61.4%, 48.5%, and 32%, respectively. Closing the affordability gap would require additional monthly income of 29,134 kwacha (≈$35.5) for an average Malawian household, 37,481 kwacha for a typical rural household, 42,452 kwacha for a poor household, and 58,885 kwacha for an ultra-poor household. Conclusion The CotD assessment revealed a significant increase in the cost of a nutritious diet over the past 12 months. Most of the population cannot afford the cheapest nutritious diet. The recent currency devaluation may worsen the situation. Cash, voucher or food distribution could help close the affordability gap for poor and ultra-poor households. Regular monitoring and ongoing updates of the CotD results are necessary for informed decision-making.