bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of each surgical step in radical prostatectomy under 3D and 2D laparoscopy
Authors: Zhang Pengcheng , Pei Yuhan , Zhi Yunlai , Song Ninghong , Sun Fanghu 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveComparing the specific advantages and surgical outcomes of each step in radical prostatectomy under 3D vs. 2D laparoscopy.MethodsFrom October 2019 to January 2023, our urology department treated 63 cases of prostate cancer, using an odd-even arrangement method to divide into two groups. This is a non-randomized prospective study, with 33 odd-numbered cases in the 3D group and 30 even-numbered cases in the 2D group. The surgery was divided into four steps: (1) establishing an extraperitoneal pneumoperitoneum (2) pelvic lymph node dissection (3)excising the prostate (4)bladder-urethral anastomosis, comparing the two groups in terms of surgical time, blood loss, and relevant postoperative indicators for each step.ResultsAll 63 surgeries were successfully completed without any conversions. Comparing 3D and 2D laparoscopy groups, there were statistically significant differences in total surgery time (123.5 ± 15.3 min vs. 145.6 ± 17.2 min, P &lt; 0.05), total blood loss (198.3 ± 18.4 ml vs. 243.1 ± 20.1 ml, P &lt; 0.05), prostate excision time (55.1 ± 8.4 min vs. 67.2 ± 9.3 min, P &lt; 0.05) and blood loss (101.6 ± 12.2 ml vs. 123.8 ± 14.1 ml, P &lt; 0.05), bladder-urethral anastomosis time (30.5 ± 4.3 min vs. 37.6 ± 5.1 min, P &lt; 0.05) and blood loss (62.7 ± 9.7 ml vs. 82.5 ± 8.2 ml, P &lt; 0.05). There were no statistical differences in the time and blood loss during the establishment of extraperitoneal pneumoperitoneum and the cleaning of pelvic lymph nodes (P &gt; 0.05). In terms of urinary incontinence rates, the 3D laparoscopy group was lower than the 2D group, and in terms of preserving erectile function, the 3D group was higher than the 2D group, with significant statistical differences (P &lt; 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of postoperative drainage days, hospitalization days, hospitalization costs, time of catheter removaland positive margin rates (P &gt; 0.05).ConclusionCompared to traditional 2D laparoscopy, 3D laparoscopy can shorten the operation time and reduce bleeding in the steps of prostate excision and bladder-urethral anastomosis, but there was no significant difference in peri-operative outcomes.
Parental Social Isolation during Adolescence Alters Gut Microbiome in Rat Male Offspring
Authors: Siddi Carlotta , Cosentino Sofia , Tamburini Elena , Concas Luca , Pisano Maria Barbara , Ardu Riccardo , Deplano Maura , Follesa Paolo , Maciocco Elisabetta , Porcu Patrizia , Serra Mariangela , Pisu Maria Giuseppina 
Published: January 2024

Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated that parental stress, induced by social isolation starting at puberty, leads to behavioral, endocrine, and biochemical changes in the male, but not female, offspring (ISO-O) of Sprague-Dawley rats. Here, we report alterations in the gut microbiota composition of ISO-O vs. grouped-housed offspring (GH-O), although all animals received the same diet and were housed in the same conditions. Analysis of bacterial communities by next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 16S rRNA gene revealed alterations at family and order levels within the main phyla of Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes, including an almost total deficit in Limosilactobacillus reuteri (formerly Lactobacillus reuteri) and a significant increase in Ligilactobacillus murinus (formerly Lactobacillus murinus). In addition, we found an increase in the relative abundance of Rhodospirillales and Clostridiales in the families of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, and Bacteroidales in the family of Prevotellaceae. Furthermore, we examined plasma levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1-beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which did not differ between the two groups, while corticosterone concentrations were significantly increased in ISO-O rats. Our findings suggest that adverse environmental conditions experienced by parents may have an impact on the likelihood of disease development in the subsequent generations.
Sarcopenia in Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Roberto Michela , Barchiesi Giacomo , Resuli Blerina , Verrico Monica , Speranza Iolanda , Cristofani Leonardo , Pediconi Federica , Tomao Federica , Botticelli Andrea , Santini Daniele 
Published: January 2024

(1) Background: We estimated the prevalence and clinical outcomes of sarcopenia among breast cancer patients. (2) Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out for the period between July 2023 and October 2023. Studies with breast cancer patients evaluated for sarcopenia in relation to overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), relapse of disease (DFS), pathological complete response (pCR), or toxicity to chemotherapy were included. (3) Results: Out of 359 screened studies, 16 were eligible for meta-analysis, including 6130 patients, of whom 5284 with non-MBC. Sarcopenia was evaluated with the computed tomography (CT) scan skeletal muscle index and, in two studies, with the dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) appendicular lean mass index. Using different classifications and cut-off points, overall, there were 2007 sarcopenic patients (33%), of whom 1901 (95%) presented with non-MBC. Sarcopenia was associated with a 33% and 29% higher risk of mortality and progression/relapse of disease, respectively. Sarcopenic patients were more likely to develop grade 3–4 toxicity (OR 3.58, 95% CI 2.11–6.06, p < 0.0001). In the neoadjuvant setting, a higher rate of pCR was observed among sarcopenic patients (49%) (OR 2.74, 95% CI 0.92–8.22). (4) Conclusions: Our meta-analysis confirms the correlation between sarcopenia and negative outcomes, especially in terms of higher toxicity.
Photo-Driven In Situ Solidification of Whole Cells through Inhibition of Trogocytosis for Immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Hao , Huang Ke , Zhang Hao , Liu Xiaohui , Jiang Hui , Wang Xuemei 
Published: January 2024

Achieving antitumor immunotherapy based on hybridization of multiple types of inactivated cells has attracted a lot of attention. However, the hybridized cells of disordered structure could result in the shedding of antigens and their transfer to immune cells, which suppresses tumor immunity through trogocytosis. Here, we report a strategy for in situ solidification of tumor whole cell by biomineralization for sustained stimulation of antitumor immunity. The near-infrared light was used to accelerate the breaking of Au=P bonds in auranofin, and the exposed Au atoms biomineralize at the secondary structure (β-corner) of the protein to form Au nanocrystals with in situ protein coronas in tumor cells. Au nanocrystals are anchored to the tumor cells through protein coronas, which fixes the morphology and antigens of whole tumor cells, rendering them physiologically inactive. Interestingly, this solidified tumor cell prevents immune cells from undergoing trogocytosis, which inhibits proximal and distal tumor growth. Thus, this study presents the strategy of solidified cells and its potential application in tumor immunotherapy.
ﺍﻟﺗﻧﺎﻓﺳﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﺗﻁﻠﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ
Authors: أ. د. ﻛﺎﻤﻝ ﻋﻼوي ﻛﺎظم  , أ. د. ﻤﺤﻤود ﺤﺴﻴن  
Published: January 2024

إن اﻟﺤـدﻴث ﻋـن اﻟﺠﺎﻨـب اﻻﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻤﺸـﻬد اﻟﻌ ارﻗـﻲ وﻤـﺎ ﺴـﻴؤوﻝ إﻟﻴـﻪ ﻤﺴـﺘﻘﺒﻠﻪ ﻴﻌﺘﺒـر
ﺤﺠر اﻟ ازوﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ د ارﺴﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻌ ارﻗﻴﺔ ٬ وﻫـو ﻴﺴـﺘدﻋﻲ ﺴـﺤﺒﺎ ﻟﻌواﻤـﻝ وﺘﻐﻠﻴﺒـﺎ ﻟﺒﻌﻀـﻬﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻷﺨـرى ٬

ﺴﺤﺒﺎ ﻴرﺘﻘﻲ ﻋن اﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎﺌﻴﺔ ٕواﻨﻤﺎ ﻴوظف اﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ إطﺎر اﻟﺘﻛﺎﻤﻝ ﻤﻊ ﻤﻔردات اﻟﺘﻘرﻴر.
ﺒدءاً ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ان ﻨﺸﻴر إﻟﻰ إن اﻟﻌ ارق ﻴﻤﺘﻠك ﻗﺎﻋدة ﻏﻨﻴﺔ وﻤﺘﻨوﻋﺔ ﻤن اﻟﻤوارد ٬ ﻓﻬو ﻴﻤﺜﻝ ﺜـﺎﻨﻲ
أﻛﺒـر اﺤﺘﻴـﺎطﻲ ﻋـﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻤـن اﻟـﻨﻔط اﻟﺨـﺎم ٬ وﻟدﻴـﻪ ﻤـن اﻟﻤـوارد اﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴـﺔ ﻤـﺎ ﻴﺠﻌﻠـﻪ ﺒﻤﻨـﺄى ﻋـن ﻤﺨـﺎطر
اﻟﺸـﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴـﺔ ٬ ﻛﻤـﺎ ان ﻗوﺘـﻪ اﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠـﺔ اﻟوطﻨﻴـﺔ ﺘﺸـﻤﻝ أﻛﺜـر ﻤـن ﺴـﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﻼﻴـﻴن ﺸـﺨص ٬ وﻫـﻲ ﺘﻔـوق
ﺒﻛﺜﻴر اﻟﻤوارد اﻟﻤوﺠودة ﻓﻲ أي ﻤن ﺒﻠـدان ﻤﺠﻠـس اﻟﺘﻌـﺎون اﻟﺨﻠﻴﺠـﻲ ٬ وﺒـﺎﻟرﻏم ﻤـن ﺴـﺠﻝ اﻟﺘـدﻫور ﻓـﻲ
اﻟﻤؤﺸـ ارت اﻻﻗﺘﺼـﺎدﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺎدﻴـﺔ واﻟﺒﺸـرﻴﺔ ٬ إﻻ اﻨـﻪ ﻤـن اﻟﻤﻤﻛـن ﻟﻤﺠﻤـوع ﻫـذﻩ اﻟﻤـوارد ٬ ﺨـﻼﻝ ﻋﻘـد ﻤـن
اﻟـزﻤن ٬ أن ﻴﺘـﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﻌـ ارق اﺴـﺘﻌﺎدة ﻤﻛﺎﻨﺘـﻪ اﻟﺴـﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻛﺒﻠـد ﻤـن ﻓﺌـﺔ اﻟـدﺨﻝ اﻟﻤﺘوﺴـط. ﻏﻴـر أن ﺒﻠـوغ ﻫـذا
اﻟﻬدف ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴق ﺘﺤّوﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻤﺴﺘوﻴﺎت: (١) اﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻤن ﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻨ ازع إﻟﻰ إﻋﺎدة اﻟﺘﺄﻫﻴﻝ؛
(٢) اﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻤن اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻤﻐﻠق ﺘﺴﻴطر ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟدوﻟﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﺤر ﻤو ّﺠﻪ ﻨﺤو اﻟﻨﻤو؛ (٣) اﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎﻝ

ﻤن اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻤﻔرط ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻔط إﻟﻰ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻤﺘﻨوع.
ان اﻟﻘـ ارءة اﻟﻤﺘﺄﻨﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ أطروﺤـﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻌـ ارق ﻴﺜﻴـر ﺠﻤﻠـﺔ ﻤـن اﻹﺸـﻛﺎﻟﻴﺎت ﺘﺼـب ﻓـﻲ
ﻤﺠﻤﻠﻬـﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺤﻘـﻝ اﻟﺒﺤـث ﻋـن اﻷﺴـﺎس اﻟﺘﻨﻤـوي ﻟﻠدوﻟـﺔ ذاﺘﻬـﺎ ٬ ﻓﻬـﻲ ﺘﺄرﺠﺤـت ﻓـﻲ ﺸـﻛﻠﻬﺎ وﻤﻀـﻤوﻨﻬﺎ
ﺒﻴن اﻟﻤرﻛزﻴﺔ واﻟرﻏﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺤوﻝ اﻟﻠﻴﺒ ارﻟﻲ ٬ وﻋﺎﻨت- ﻛﻤﺎ اﻟدوﻝ اﻟرﻴﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﺨرى- ﻤن ﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻻﻨﻔﺼﺎم
اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﻤظﻬـرت ٬ ﻓـﻲ اﻟدوﻟـﺔ اﻟﻌ ارﻗﻴـﺔ ٬ ﺒﻤظﻬـر اﻟ ارﻋـﻲ واﻷب اﻟﺤﻨـون اﻟـذي ﻴﻤـﻨﺢ اﻟﻌطﺎﻴـﺎ واﻷﻤـواﻝ
ﻷﺒﻨﺎﺌـﻪ ٬ ﺒﻴﻨﻤـﺎ ﻫـﻲ ﻓـﻲ واﻗـﻊ اﻟﺤـﺎﻝ أﻤـﺎم اﻟﺘ ازﻤـﺎت واﺴـﺘﺤﻘﺎﻗﺎت دوﻟﻴـﺔ ﺘﺠﺒرﻫـﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺴـﻴر ﻗـدﻤﺎً ﻓـﻲ
إﺼـﻼح اﻻﻗﺘﺼـﺎد اﻟﻌ ارﻗـﻲ ﺒـدءاً ﻤـن رﻓـﻊ اﻟـدﻋم اﻟﺤﻛـوﻤﻲ واﻨﺘﻬـﺎ ًء ﺒﺘﻘﻠـﻴص ﻋـدد اﻟﻌـﺎﻤﻠﻴن ﻓـﻲ اﻟدوﻟـﺔ
(١) . وﺼوﻻ إﻟﻰ دوﻟﺔ رﺸﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻊ رﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﻛﻝ أﺒﻨﺎءﻫﺎ ﻤﻤن ﻟم ﻴﺠد ﻓرﺼﺔ ﻋﻤـﻝ أو اﻨـﻪ ﻏﻴـر ﻗـﺎدر ﻋﻠـﻰ

اﻟﻌﻤﻝ.
ﺍﻟﺑﻧﺎء ﺍﻟﻘﻳﻣﻲ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺗﻪ ﺑﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ ﻁﻣﻭﺡ ﻁﻠﺑﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ
Authors: أ م . أﻻء رﺤﻴم  , أ م د. إﻗﺒﺎﻝ ﻋﺒد اﻟﺤﺴﻴن  
Published: January 2024

ﻫدف اﻟﺒﺤث اﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻌرف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻘﻴﻤﻲ ﻟدى طﻠﺒﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻐداد ﻓﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﺎت ( اﻻداب ٬ اﻟﻔﻨون
اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻠﺔ ٬ اﻟﺘرﺒﻴﺔ اﻟرﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎت ٬ اﻟﺼﻴدﻟﺔ ٬ اﻟطب ٬ اﻻدارة واﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد ) وﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﺒﻤﺴﺘوى اﻟطﻤوح ﻟدﻴﻬم

وﻓق ﻤﺘﻐﻴري اﻟﺠﻨس وﺘﺨﺼص اﻟﻛﻠﻴﺔ ( ﻋﻠﻤﻲ اﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ ) .
ﺘﺎﻟﻔت ﻋﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﺒﺤث ﻤن طﻠﺒﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻐداد وﺒواﻗﻊ (١٢٠) طﺎﻟب وطﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻗﺴﻤت اﻟﻰ ﻤﺠﻤوﻋﺔ اﻟطﻼب
وﺒﻠﻎ ﻋددﻫﺎ (٦٠) طﺎﻟب وﻤﺠﻤوﻋﺔ اﻟطﺎﻟﺒﺎت وﺒﻠﻎ ﻋددﻫﺎ (٦٠) طﺎﻟﺒﺔ ٬ طﺒق ﻋﻠﻴﻬم ﻤﻘﻴﺎس ( روﻛﻴش
اﻟﻤﻌرب ﻟﻠﻘﻴم ) وﻤﻘﻴﺎس ( رﺴوﻝ ﻟﻤﺴﺘوى اﻟطﻤوح ) وﺘﻤت اﻻﺴﺘﻌﺎﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻟوﺴﺎﺌﻝ اﻻﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠوﺼوﻝ

اﻟﻰ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ اﻟﺒﺤث وﻤن اﺒرز ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ :
-١ ﺘوﺠد ﻓروق ذات دﻻﻟﺔ اﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻘﻴﻤﻲ ﻟدى طﻠﺒﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻐداد وﻓق ﻤﺘﻐﻴري اﻟﺠﻨس

وﺘﺨﺼص اﻟﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻨد ﻤﺴﺘوى دﻻﻟﺔ (٠,٠٥ ) .
-٢ ﺘوﺠد ﻓروق ذات دﻻﻟﺔ اﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺘوى اﻟطﻤوح ﻟدى طﻠﺒﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻐداد وﻓق ﻤﺘﻐﻴري اﻟﺠﻨس

وﺘﺨﺼص اﻟﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻨد ﻤﺴﺘوى دﻻﻟﺔ (٠,٠٥ ) .
-٣ وﺠود ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ارﺘﺒﺎط ﻤﻌﻨوﻴﺔ ذات داﻟﺔ اﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﻴن اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻘﻴﻤﻲ وﻤﺴﺘوى اﻟطﻤوح ﻟدى طﻠﺒﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ

ﺒﻐداد .
وﺒﻨﺎءا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘدم ﻓﻘد اوﺼت اﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺘﺎن ﺒﺎﻻﺘﻲ :

-١ ﺘدﻋﻴم اﻟﻘﻴم اﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻔﻀﻠﻬﺎ طﻠﺒﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻐداد .
ﺘﻌزﻴز اﻟﻘم اﻻﺼﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘؤﺜر ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺘوى طﻤوح اﻟطﻠﺒﺔ وﻤن ﺨﻼﻝ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ اﻟد ارﺴﻴﺔ .

اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷوﻝ: اﻟﺘﻌرﻴف ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺤث
١-١ اﻟﻤﻘدﻤﺔ وأﻫﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺤث

ﺘﺸﻛﻝ اﻟﻘﻴم ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺸﻐﻠت اﻟﻔﻛر اﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ واﻟﺘرﺒوي ﺨﺎﺼﺔ واﻫﺘﻤت ﺒﻬﺎ اﻟدﻴﺎﻨﺎت
واﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺎت واﻟﺘﻨظﻴﻤﺎت اﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ٬ وﻛﺎﻨت ﻤرﻛز اﻫﺘﻤﺎم اﻷﻨﺒﻴﺎء واﻟرﺴﻝ واﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﻴن ﻋﺒر اﻟﺘﺎرﻴﺦ
اﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ ﻟﻛوﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻤﺜﻝ ﺠﺎﻨﺒﺎ ﻤن اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ إي ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ إذ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻛن إن ﻴﻨﻬض ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ دون إن ﻴﻌﺘﻤد

ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﻤوﻋﺔ ﻤن اﻟﻘﻴم واﻷﺨﻼق اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘؤﻴدﻩ وﺘدﻋﻤﻪ .
ﺩﻭﺭ ﺳﻳﻧﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻳﺎ ﻣﺳﺭﺡ ﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻣﺛﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺗﻠﻘﻲ
Authors: د. ﺒﻠﻘﻴس ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟدوﺴﻛﻲ  
Published: January 2024

إن ﻤﺴرح اﻟطﻔﻝ ﺠزء ﻻ ﻴﺘﺠ أز ﻤن اﻟﻤﺴرح اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴدي ٬ وﻤن اﻟرﺴﺎﺌﻝ اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘرﺒﻴﺔ وﺘﻌﻠﻴم
اﻷطﻔﺎﻝ ﻓﻀﻼً ﻋن ﺘﺴﻠﻴﺘﻬم ٕواﻤﺘﺎﻋﻬم ﺒﺄﺴﻠوب د ارﻤﻲ ﻴﺘﻤﻛن اﻟطﻔﻝ ﻤن إد ارﻛﻪ.

" إن اﻟطﻔﻝ ﻴﺘﻠﻘﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﻠوﻤﺎت ﻋن طرﻴق اﻟﻔﻌﻝ اﻟﺤﻲ إذ ﻴﺸﺎرك وﺠداﻨﻴﺎً ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌرض أﻤﺎﻤﻪ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﺸﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺴرح ﻤن ﺤﺎﻻت ﺘﻤس ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ اﻟﻴوﻤﻴﺔ وﻨﺸﺎطﺎﺘﻪ ورﻏﺒﺎﺘﻪ ٬ إذ أن ﻛﻝ ﺼورة ﻤﺴرﺤﻴﺔ
ﻴﺸﺎﻫدﻫﺎ ﺨﻼﻝ اﻟﻌرض ﻴﺘﻠﻘﺎﻫﺎ وﻴﻘوم ﺒﺘﻔﺴﻴرﻫﺎ ﻋن طرﻴق ﻤدرﻛﺎﺘﻪ اﻟﺤﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻌﺘﻤد ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ أﻛﺜر

ﻤن اﻟﻤدرﻛﺎت اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ." (اﻟرﺒﻴﻌﻲ ٬٢٠٠٥ ٬ ص (١
وﺘﻌد ﻋﻨﺎﺼر اﻟﺴﻴﻨوﻏ ارﻓﻴﺎ ﻤن اﻷﻤور اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌرض اﻟﻤﺴرﺤﻲ ﻻﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻋروض ﻤﺴرح
اﻟطﻔﻝ ﻛوﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻀﻤن ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎت ﻋدﻴدة اﻟﺘﻨوع واﻟﺘﺒﺎﻴن وﺘﺤﺘﺎج ﻗدرة ٕواﻤﻛﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻟدى اﻷطﻔﺎﻝ ﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴز

اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﺸﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺴرح.
"ﺘﺘﻛون ﻫﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻤن ﻋﻨﺎﺼر اﻟﺴﻴﻨوﻏ ارﻓﻴﺎ ﻤن ﻤﻛﻴﺎج ٬ زي ٬ وﻤﻠﺤﻘﺎت أﺨرى ﻻزﻤﺔ
ﻟﻠﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺘﺒدو ﻛﺠزء ﻤن ﻫﻴﺌﺘﻬﺎ وﻻﺒﱠد ﻤن اﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ إﻟﻰ ﺘﻛوﻴن ﺠﺴم اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻴﻨﻀم وﻴﺘداﺨﻝ ﻤﻊ
ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻤﻛوﻨﺎت ﻛﺄن ﺘﻛون اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ إﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ أو ﺤﻴواﻨﻴﺔ أو ﻤن اﻟﻛﺎﺌﻨﺎت اﻟﺨﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ أو اﻟﺠﻤﺎدات."

(ﺴﻌدون ٬٢٠٠١ ٬ ص .(١
إن اﻟطﻔﻝ (اﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘﻲ) إﻨﺴﺎن ﻴﺘﻔﺎﻋﻝ ﻤﻊ اﻵﺨرﻴن ٬ ٕوان اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺴدة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﺸﺒﺔ
اﻟﻤﺴرح أﻤﺎﻤﻪ ﻟﻬﺎ دور ﻛﺒﻴر ﻓﻲ ﺘﻐﻴﻴر أو ﺘرﺴﻴﺦ ﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻤﻪ وﺜﺒﺎت اﻟﻘﻴم واﻟﻌﺎدات اﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ
اﻟﻤﻛﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﻟدﻴﻪ ٬ ﻟذا ﻓﺈن ﻋﻨﺎﺼر ﺴﻴﻨوﻏ ارﻓﻴﺎ ﻤﺴرح اﻟطﻔﻝ ﺘؤدي وظﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﺒطرﻴﻘﻴن ٬ اﻷوﻝ ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻩ
اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻝ وﺘﺴﺎﻋدﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺠﺴﻴد اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ٕواﺒ ارز ﻤﻼﻤﺤﻬﺎ ٬ واﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ اﺘﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺘﻛﺘﻤﻝ

ﺼورة اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ وﺤﺎﻻﺘﻬﺎ وﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴﻠﻬﺎ وﺨﻠﺠﺎﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ.
وﻤﻤﺎ ﺘﻘدم ﻴؤﺴس اﻟﺒﺎﺤث ﻤﺸﻛﻠﺔ ﺒﺤﺜﻪ ﻤن ﺨﻼﻝ اﻟﺴؤاﻝ اﻵﺘﻲ:

"ﻤﺎ ﻫو أﺜر ﺴﻴﻨوﻏ ارﻓﻴﺎ ﻤﺴرح اﻟطﻔﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻝ واﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘﻲ"
ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺅﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺗﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻳﻔﻲ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺃﻋﺿﺎء ﻫﻳﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﺭﻳﺳﻳﻳﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻳﺔ
Authors: ﻨدى ﻋﺒد ﺒﺎﻗر  
Published: January 2024

ﺸﻬد اﻟﻌﺎﻟم وﻤﻨﻪ ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﻨﺎ اﻟﻌرﺒﻲ ﺘﻐﻴ ارت ﻛﺒﻴرة ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ اﻟﺘﻘدم اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ اﻟﻬﺎﺌﻝ اﻟذي وﻟّد ﺜورة
ﻤﻌﻠوﻤﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺘﻨﺎﻗﻠﻬﺎ اﻷﻓ ارد ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠف أﻨﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟم ﻋﺒر ﺸﺒﻛﺔ اﻟﺴﺘﻼﻴت واﻻﻨﺘرﻨﻴت ﻓﺘرﻛت أﺜﺎ اًر ﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ
اﻟﻌﻤق ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﻬم وﺘوﺠﻬﺎﺘﻬم ٬ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟرﻏم ﻤن اﻟﺨﺼوﺼﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﻴز ﺒﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت ﻤن ﺤﻴث
إطﺎرﻫﺎ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ واﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ وطﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻨظم اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴم ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ٬ وﻤﻊ ذﻟك ﻓﻘد ﻛﺎﻨت ﻫﻨﺎك ﺒﻌض ﻤظﺎﻫر
اﻟﺘﺤوﻝ واﻟﺘﻐﻴر ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠف ﻤﺠﺎﻻت اﻟﺤﻴﺎة اﻟﺘﻲ أﺜرت ﺒﺸﻛﻝ ﻤﺒﺎﺸر ﻓﻲ اﻷداء اﻟوظﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﻺﻓ ارد ٬
وﻋﻠﻰ ﻗد ارﺘﻬم ٕواﻤﻛﺎﻨﺎﺘﻬم ٬ وﻤﺎ ﻻﺸك ﻓﻴﻪ أن اﻷداء اﻟوظﻴﻔﻲ ﻫو ﻤؤﺸر ﻟﺤﺼﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﻬود اﻟﺒﺸرﻴﺔ
ﻤن ﺨﻼﻝ ﻤدى ﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺘﻬم ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴق أﻫداف اﻟﻤؤﺴﺴﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻌﻤﻠون ﺒﻬﺎ . واﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻀوﺌﻬﺎ ﻴﻤﻛن

أن ﻴﺤدد اﻟﺘ ازﻤﺎﺘﻬم وواﺠﺒﺎﺘﻬم ﺒوﺤﻲ ﻤن اﻟﻤﺴؤوﻟﻴﺔ اﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺴﺘﺸﻌروﻨﻬﺎ .
وﺘﺘرﻛز اﻟﻤﻬﺎم اﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎت . اﻨطﻼﻗﺎً ﻤن ﻛوﻨﻬﺎ ﻤؤﺴﺴﺎت ﺘرﺒوﻴﺔ رﻓﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘوى ﻓﻲ
أﻋداد اﻟﻛوادر اﻟﻤؤﻫﻠﺔ وأﻋداد اﻟﺒﺤوث اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘطﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻘدم اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ واﻟﺘﻛﻨوﻟوﺠﻲ ﻓﻲ
اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ وﺘطوﻴرﻩ ٬ ﻟذﻟك ﻓﺄن دورﻫﺎ ﻴﺘﺴم ﺒﺎﻟﺨطورة ٬ ﻤن ﺨﻼﻝ ﻤﺴؤوﻟﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﺎدة اﻟﻨﻬﻀﺔ
اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ٬ وﺘوﺴﻴﻊ أﻓﺎق اﻟﻤﻌرﻓﺔ وﻨﺸرﻫﺎ واﻟﺘﺼدي ﻟﻠﻤﺸﻛﻼت واﻟﺘﺤدﻴﺎت اﻵﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘواﺠﻪ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ

٬ ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋن اﻟﺘﻨﺒؤ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺤدﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ (ﺠرﻴو ٬ ١٩٩١ ص ( ١٦٠ .
وﻓﻲ ﻓﻬم ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻤﻬﺎم اﻟﻛﺒﻴرة ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎت ﻴﺒرز دور اﻟﺘدرﻴﺴﻲ اﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻨﻪ رﻛﻴزة ﻤن
رﻛﺎﺌز اﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ٬ وﻗﺎﻋدة ﻤن ﻗواﻋد ﺒﻨﺎﺌﻬﺎ ٬ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻠدور اﻟﻛﺒﻴر اﻟذي ﻴﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴر ﻓﻲ
ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎت اﻟطﻠﺒﺔ وﺘﻛوﻴﻨﻬم اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ٬ وﻟم ﻴﻌد دور ﻤﺠرد ﻨﻘﻝ اﻟﻤﻌرﻓﺔ ﻓﻘط ٬ ﺒﻝ ﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺘﻪ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ
ﻓﻲ ﺼﻨﻊ وﺘطوﻴرﻫﺎ اﻟﻤﻌرﻓﺔ ﻤن ﺨﻼﻝ اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ واﻹﺒداﻋﺎت اﻟﻔﻛرﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺘﻰ ﺤﻘوﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ
ﻹﺨﻼف ﻋﻠﻰ أﻫﻤﻴﺔ دورﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ أﺜ ارء اﻟﻤﻌرﻓﺔ اﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ وﺘطوﻴرﻫﺎ ٬ وﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻤﺸﻛﻼت اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ

اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ .
أن اﻟﺜروة اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﻌرﻓﺔ اﻟﻬﺎﺌﻠـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻴﻤﺘﻠﻛﻬـﺎ اﻟﻌـﺎﻟم اﻟﻤﺘﻘـدم اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻤﻛﻨﺘـﻪ ﻓـﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴـق اﻟﺘﻘـدم
واﻟرﻓـﺎﻩ اﻻﺠﺘﻤـﺎﻋﻲ واﻟرﻗـﻲ اﻟﺤﻀـﺎري ٬ ﻛـﺎن ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺎت اﻟـدور اﻟ ارﺌـد ﻤﻨﻬـﺎ ٬ ﻓﻬـذا اﻟرﺼـﻴد اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﻲ
Cross-Border Higher Education for Primary School Teachers: The Case at the Italo-Slovene Border
Authors: Mezgec Maja 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to discuss the mobility patterns of university students in the context of a border area, taking into consideration the unique characteristics of this region. Special attention is given to the area between Italy and Slovenia where research was conducted among cross-border students attending the study programme for primary school teachers in Slovenia. In the introduction, a distinction is made between cross-border, transnational and overseas education. The following presents the reality of the Italo-Slovene border, an analysis of the factors influencing cross-border mobility and the outcome of the EDUKA2 project.
Bridging the Gap Between the Politics of Recognition and the Politics of Language Service Delivery in Ontario and Wales
Authors: Cardinal Linda , Williams Colin H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The aim of the article is to start mapping the variety of approaches and instruments which guide the delivery of services to linguistic minorities. The argument suggests that different institutional processes in Ontario and Wales inform the delivery of selected services and calls for more research on how the politics of recognition is implemented in institutions serving official linguistic minorities.
Impact of Remote Learning during the Covid-19 Lockdown on Roma Pupils in Slovenia
Authors: Bešter Romana , Pirc Janez 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The article analyses the impact of remote learning during the Covid-19 lockdown on Roma pupils in Slovenia. Roma are one of the most marginalised and vulnerable groups in Slovenia. Most of them record poor inclusion and performance in education, which is why the suspension of regular school activities is likely to have much broader negative consequences for these pupils. Based on the outcomes of the study that included surveys among Roma assistants and teachers, the article analyses the technical conditions available to Roma pupils for remote learning during lockdown, the establishment of contact between teachers and Roma pupils in such period, and the collaboration of Roma pupils and their parents with schools. The article also provides a comparative perspective of the position of Roma and other pupils and draws attention to the possible long-term consequences of remote learning for Roma pupils.
Quantitative Analysis of Active Labour Population Migrations – The Case of Croatia
Authors: Kaselj Marina Perić , Vizjak Maja , Duvnjak Kristina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Migrations are a worldwide phenomenon occurring for centuries and an ongoing topic among numerous researchers. As such, global migrations have an impact on the labour market and the economy, Croatia being no exception. A dynamic history of migrations resulted in Croatia being labelled as a traditional emigration country. With the global financial crisis in 2008, an increasing number of active-labour population is migrating from Croatia to, mainly, developed European countries. After Croatia’s accession to the European Union in 2013, a new market and new opportunities opened up for job seekers. In a time when more and more individuals are emigrating and a continuous need for active labour population is emerging, the question of the scale of migrations is raised. The article investigates how wages and unemployment influenced migrations in Croatia between 2007 and 2016. The data was tested using a multiple regression model and additionally confirmed by the MAPE. The obtained results confirm the significance of the model and its parameters.
The Role of Language in Preserving Ethnic Identity: The Case of Slovene Immigrants in North Macedonia
Authors: Naceva Ivana 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The purpose of the article is to explore the role that language has in preserving the ethnic identity among first-, second- and third-generation Slovene immigrants in North Macedonia. The main focus is on the ways they perceive their ethnic identity in relation to language maintenance and how their attitudes are reflected in the actual use. In terms of methodology, the article relies on the analysis and interpretation of the survey and semi-structured interviews held with representatives of all three generations living in North Macedonia. The research was based on the assumption that language is perceived differently among members of the first generation compared to the members of the second and third generations and that language is a key factor in preserving the Slovene community in North Macedonia. We confirmed that knowledge and use of the Slovene language is more important to the first group and less to the second group, since they use it less and only in certain circumstances. The thesis that language is of key importance for preserving the Slovene community was not proved.
Young Slovene Speakers in Italy and Their Attitudes towards the Republic of Slovenia
Authors: Brezigar Sara , Vidau Zaira 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOn the 30th anniversary of independence of the Republic of Slovenia, the article offers an insight into the basic social and cultural characteristics of the population of young speakers of Slovene in Italy. The authors attempt to define the role that young Slovene speakers in Friuli - Venezia Giulia can play in the common Slovene space and explore their attitudes towards the Republic of Slovenia on an emotional, symbolic and practical level. In doing so, they rely mainly on research conducted over the last fifteen years. They conclude that this population is not fully centred on preserving traditional cultural values and language: it is primarily a population with high human and intellectual potential, which is already an important player in cross-border and other forms of cooperation along the Slovene-Italian border and attaches greater value to multilingualism than to nationality, ethnicity and the development of the Slovene minority in Italy.
The Coded Literary Discourse of the Senjam Song Festival of Benečija
Authors: Toroš Ana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe following article discusses the poetic output in Beneška Slovenia (Benečija) written for the Senjam Song Festival of Benečija. While considering the context of the region’s history and migrations, it focuses on the literary aspects of the festival, particularly on the analysis of the themes and the poetry writing technique. It builds on certain theoretical premises from literary imagology and psychoanalysis. The subject of the analysis are the lyrics from the period between 1971 and 2012, published in a three-volume collection featuring over 150 authors. The article notes the following most prevalent themes: issues of assimilation, migration, and the dying of villages in Benečija. Categorised by basic mood, they fall under one of two extremes: they are either cheerful and humorous in order to encourage and bring joy and hope to the Slovenes of Benečija; or they are pervaded with deep pain and concern over the situation in their region. The lyrics of the latter use a particular writing technique, which merely hints at the pressures of assimilation, conveying them through images and metaphors.
Pupils’ and Parents’ Opinions on Schools with Italian as the Language of Instruction
Authors: Sorgo Lara , Lukanović Sonja Novak , Antonič Nives Zudič 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The model of education in the ethnically mixed area of Slovene Istria is designed to ensure schooling for members of the Italian national community and their children in their own language, i.e., Italian. Although also attended by pupils of other nationalities, primary schools with Italian as the language of instruction are key for the preservation of Italian culture and language. The authors present selected research findings that shed light on the opinions of pupils and their parents on whether schools with Italian as the language of instruction develop pupils’ communicative competence in both Italian and Slovene, and whether the existing model of education creates conditions that promote the pupils’ awareness of the linguistic and cultural diversity of their environment. The results of the research reveal that the majority of the respondents consider competence in several languages an added value and that the model of education is adequate and good.
Investigation of Norovirus among diarrheal children in Al- Najaf Provence
Authors: Jassim  Shwalla Al-khoweledy Ahmed 
Published: January 2024

One hundred diarrheal stool samples were collected from infants with age (1-18 months) admitted to Al-ZahraaHospital for Maternity and Children& Al- Hakeem hospital in AL- Najaf governorate , Iraq , during the period extended from December 2014 to March 2015. All samples were subjected to rapid test specific of Norovirus . The results of rapid identification revealed that 29% (29/100) were positive for Norovirus ,eleven samples (37.9% ) of 29 stool samples was detected RT.PCR technique. Most patients were those who had mixed feeding methods using untreated water and lived in poor environmental conditions