bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3. Observation and Measurement
Authors: Ingram David 
Published: November 2023

The story now moves on to consider observation and measurement, and their relationship to number, symbol, code, logic and ethics. Once again, this chapter starts from a broad historical context, setting the scene for discussion of the connection of life science and clinical practice with science and engineering of the past one hundred and fifty years, and information technology of the past seventy-five years.
The chapter visits large- and small-scale measurement and tells stories of people, devices and systems that have revolutionized science and health care in the computer era. It spans between worlds in which yesterday’s largest computers are now exceeded in computational capacity by devices built into a wristwatch or handheld device, monitoring, communicating and advising about vital signs. It describes the growing dependence of scientific enquiry on computer technology and software methods, and the new measurement modalities that have grown from these connections, in support of everyday health care. It reflects on the challenge to computation posed by the orders of magnitude increases in variety, scale and volume of measured data and the curation of care records based on these.
As an example, the chapter tracks a century of research, starting with the story of X-ray diffraction methods for the study of crystals, in piecing together the structures of proteins. It describes how databases of such structures began to be organized and shared in the founding era of bioinformatics. It discusses the juxtaposition of measurements with theoretical models, and computational methods that search databases of known structures, to assist interpretation of data about newly studied protein molecules. The chapter concludes with a reflection on the challenges to balance, continuity and governance of health care services. These challenges arise from the explosion of new methods of observation and measurement in the Information Age, and the numerous, huge and disparate silos of data accumulating—containing data about individual citizens that is often non-coherent, proprietary and increasingly impossible to anonymize.
Health Care in the Information Society
Authors: Ingram David 
Published: November 2023

In this fascinating book David Ingram traces the history of information technology and health informatics from its pioneers in the middle of the twentieth century to its latest developments.
The book is distinctive in its broad scope and coverage and as the eyewitness account of an author who became the first UK professor appointed with the mission to bridge information technology with everyday medicine, health, and care. In this role, he has been a co-founder and leader of two rapidly growing initiatives, openEHR and OpenEyes, which stem from international collaborations of universities, health services and industries. These open source and open platform technologies have struck a widely resonant chord worldwide through their focus on community interest endeavours and open access to their methods and outputs.
Set against the history of extremely costly, burdensome, and serially unsuccessful top-down attempts of governments to tackle the domain, the book argues for a greater focus on shared endeavours of this kind, contributing towards a standardized care information utility that incorporates methods and resources evolved, shared, and sustained in the public domain.
As information technologies are now at the very core of health care, shaping the relationship between medical services and communities, professions, organisations and industries this book is important reading for politicians, health care academics, administrators and providers, and to anybody interested in the future of health services in the digital age.
8. Care Information as a Utility
Authors: Ingram David 
Published: November 2023

This chapter is in three parts. The first explores what we have learned during the anarchy of transition of health care in the Information Age and why new ideas are needed. It emphasizes the organic nature of a care information utility, distinguishing it from a technical infrastructure. Organic, that is, in the sense of ‘relating to, or derived from living organisms’ and being adaptable, evolving and humanly-centred, to serve the needs of individual citizens for supportive health care services. In this regard, it draws an analogy with the forest ecosystem of the natural organic world, which was termed a ‘Wood Wide Web’ in a 1997 issue of Nature. It makes a parallel analogy with monetary ecosystems, discussing the relevance for health care information policy of the lessons drawn by Mervyn King, when writing about the world monetary system crisis of 2007–08.
The second part of the chapter celebrates pioneers I have known and worked with, who have made notable contributions in framing and implementing new ideas for information systems, achieving iterative and incremental advances towards meeting longstanding policy goals. The third part draws together future-facing perspectives of the changing patterns of knowledge and discipline, professional practice, education, research and global village community, which will form the landscape on which the care information utility evolves. It discusses the values and principles that should guide the development of the utility, the importance of a viable means for its standardization and the difficulties faced in achieving this.
The chapter concludes with a parenthetical reflection on what matters at the heart of the interconnected and currently fragmented domains of care information services, and the dilemmas they pose. This has been characterized in other contexts of public services as the need for a unifying change of perspective, from a focus on ‘What is the matter with you?’ to one of ‘What matters to you?’
Influence of Pain Sensitivity on Surgical Outcomes of Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yaari Lee Shaul , Nicholas Stephen J. , Bedford Benjamin B. , Mendez-Zfass Matthew S. , Hogan Daniel E. , Haviv Barak , McHugh Malachy P. 
Published: November 2023

Background: The Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) has been found to be a valid tool, and PSQ scores have been shown to be predictive of outcomes after surgery for lumbar stenosis. The effect of pain sensitivity on outcomes of rotator cuff repair (RCR) surgery has not been examined. Hypothesis: PSQ scores would be associated with surgical outcomes after arthroscopic RCR surgery. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Patients 18 to 80 years old scheduled for RCR were consecutively enrolled. Patients with glenohumeral arthritis grade ≥2 or RCR revision surgery were excluded. PSQ was completed preoperatively. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score were used as patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs), and visual analog scale pain score was documented as well. Active shoulder external rotation (ER), internal rotation, and anterior forward elevation range of motion (ROM) were recorded. PROMs and ROM measurements were recorded preoperatively and at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery. Rotator cuff tear size, type of repair, and concomitant procedures were documented. Patients were classified as having high or normal pain sensitivity based on PSQ scores. Results: Of 100 enrolled patients, 38 patients were classified as having high pain sensitivity. Patients with high pain sensitivity had worse American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores preoperatively, 6 months postoperatively, and 1 year postoperatively ( P < .01). From the preoperative assessment to 3 months postoperatively, PROMs improved more in patients with high versus normal pain sensitivity. However, for patients with high pain sensitivity, PROMs plateaued after 3 months but continued to improve for patients with normal pain sensitivity ( P < .01). Visual analog scale pain scores were higher at all time points for patients with high pain sensitivity ( P < .05). Preoperatively, patients with high pain sensitivity had restricted active ROM compared with patients who had normal pain sensitivity for anterior forward elevation, ER, and internal rotation ( P = .009, P = .012, and P = .006, respectively). By 1 year after surgery, ER ROM was still restricted in patients with high pain sensitivity. Conclusion: Pain sensitivity is an important factor influencing RCR outcomes. Patients with high pain sensitivity undergoing RCR showed less improvement in active ROM and worse PROMs after surgery compared with patients who had normal pain sensitivity. Preoperative PSQ may predict postoperative improvements.
Early Graft Tear As a Major Risk Factor for the Clinical Failure of Lateral Meniscal Allograft Transplantation
Authors: Song Ju-Ho , Kim Jong-Min , Bin Seong-Il , Lee Bum-Sik , Lee Jongjin 
Published: November 2023

Background: Graft tears are often observed on magnetic resonance imaging after lateral meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT). Their characteristics, such as the location and configuration, are likely to be different depending on the timing of the injury. However, the clinical relevance of early and late graft tears has not been investigated. Hypothesis: (1) Both early and late graft tears would be associated with the clinical failure of lateral MAT, and (2) an early graft tear (ET) would lead to worse outcomes than a late graft tear (LT) or an intact graft. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 261 patients who had undergone lateral MAT between March 2000 and June 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The graft tear was investigated using magnetic resonance imaging, which was performed routinely during the first postoperative year and every 2 years thereafter. The patients were classified according to the timing of the graft tear: no graft tear (NT) group, ET (≤1 year after surgery) group, and LT (>1 year after surgery) group. Clinical failure was defined as (1) reoperations including arthroplasty, realignment osteotomy, revision MAT, and meniscectomy (>50% of the graft or to the zone of the meniscocapsular junction) or (2) a Lysholm score of <65. Risk factors for a low survival rate were investigated using Cox regression analysis. A comparison of the Lysholm scores for each group was also performed. Results: There were 24 (9.2%) patients who had clinical failure at a mean follow-up of 7.5 ± 4.3 years. The overall survival rate at 5 years was 92.8% (95% CI, 91.1%-94.5%). A graft tear was noted in 80 patients: 23 patients in the ET group and 57 patients in the LT group. The most common tear pattern was a meniscocapsular tear in the ET group and a complex tear in the LT group. The hazard ratios for clinical failure in the ET and LT groups were 30.7 (95% CI, 9.4-76.4; P < .001) and 4.0 (95% CI, 1.3-12.9; P = .013), respectively. The Lysholm score of the ET group (82.7 ± 14.8) was significantly lower than that of the other 2 groups (NT: 87.6 ± 11.7; LT: 90.7 ± 9.0; P = .024). Conclusion: An ET was a major risk factor for the clinical failure of lateral MAT. An LT was associated with a lower survival rate. An ET was also associated with worse clinical outcomes.
Functional and cosmetic reconstruction of palmar heat press injury following wound bed preparation combined with artificial highly concentrated carbon dioxide bathing: A case report
Authors: Hihara Masakatsu , Takeji Kota , Mitsui Toshihito , Kuro Atsuyuki , Kakudo Natsuko 
Published: November 2023

Background The effect of artificial highly concentrated carbon dioxide bathing on heat-press-injured wounds has been clinically observed. Case presentation A 46-year-old male patient with a heat press injury of the right palmar region achieved complete necrotic tissue removal and sufficient granulation of the skin graft by continuous hand bathing in a solution containing highly concentrated carbon dioxide for four weeks. The patient successfully underwent a full-thickness skin graft from the plantar to the palmar region, and his right hand function improved to the extent that it did not interfere with daily life. Conclusions Heat press injuries are often refractory to treatment owing to the synergistic effects of heat and crush injuries. Highly concentrated carbon dioxide bathing has long been known to increase skin and muscle blood flow, and its clinical applications in ischemic limbs, skin ulcers, and osteomyelitis have already been reported. In this case, the results suggest an effect of improved blood flow leading to maturation of the graft bed at the heat-press injury site. Lay Summary Highly concentrated carbon dioxide bathing is not only clinically applicable to ischemic extremities, skin ulcers, and osteomyelitis, due to increased cutaneous and muscular blood flow, but also to the reliable debridement of heat press injury wounds and the granulation of graft beds. We successfully used this novel combination of procedures to establish a graft bed with a good blood flow despite the deep heat press injury occurring in the palmar region, leading to an excellent functional recovery. The cost per procedure is low, at about $1(USD), making it a wound care option that should be considered from a healthcare economic perspective.
Compromising, Avoiding, or Bullying? A Mixed Method Approach to Understanding Conflict Resolution and Bullying Among Undergraduate Roommates
Authors: Abela Katrina R. , Sharma Avnee , Law Danielle M. 
Published: November 2023

While living with roommates in residence presents a unique set of challenges for emerging adults who are just beginning to navigate a world of adult responsibilities and are adjusting to living with an often-unfamiliar companion, conflicts become inevitable. Common sources of conflict, such as disputes over cleaning duties or noise levels, combine with still-developing conflict resolution skills to create an escalating environment of hostility that can develop into bullying if not properly addressed. However, what remains relatively understudied is how emerging adults navigate conflict management and how conflict resolution styles mitigate such household conflicts. Employing a multi-methods approach, this study utilized quantitative (i.e., questionnaires) and qualitative (i.e., short answer questions) methods to investigate the relative influence of conflict management styles and social support on roommate victimization and bullying among 804 undergraduate students aged 18–21 years old (79% female; M = 19). Multiple hierarchal linear regressions and thematic analyses were employed to analyze the data. The findings revealed that roommate compromise predicted an increase in roommate victimization and bullying, and an inverse relationship between resolving conflict with self-interest, where increased self-interest predicted lower roommate victimization and bullying. Social support was significantly inversely related to roommate bullying and victimization, such that increased social support tended to mitigate bullying and victimization. Taken in unison, these findings convey while students may believe they are compromising, whether they are requires further investigation. This work highlights the need to teach students how to manage conflict in healthy ways while verifying the continued importance of social support.
Facile biosynthesis of Ag–ZnO nanocomposites using Launaea cornuta leaf extract and their antimicrobial activity
Authors: Makauki Elizabeth , Mtavangu Stanslaus George , Basu Onita D. , Rwiza Mwemezi , Machunda Revocatus 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe quest to synthesize safe, non-hazardous Ag–ZnO nanoomposites (NCs) with improved physical and chemical properties has necessitated green synthesis approaches. In this research, Launaea cornuta leaf extract was proposed for the green synthesis of Ag–ZnO NCs, wherein the leaf extract was used as a reducing and capping agent. The antibacterial activity of the prepared nanoomposites was investigated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus through the disc diffusion method. The influence of the synthesis temperature, pH, and precursor concentration on the synthesis of the Ag–ZnO NCs and antimicrobial efficacy were investigated. The nanoparticles were characterized by ATR-FTIR, XRD, UV–Vis, FESEM, and TEM. The FTIR results indicated the presence of secondary metabolites in Launaea cornuta which assisted the green synthesis of the nanoparticles. The XRD results confirmed the successful synthesis of crystalline Ag–ZnO NCs with an average particle size of 21.51 nm. The SEM and TEM images indicated the synthesized nanoparticles to be spherical in shape. The optimum synthesis conditions for Ag–ZnO NCs were at 70 °C, pH of 7, and 8% silver. Antibacterial activity results show Ag–ZnO NCs to have higher microbial inhibition on E. coli than on S. aureus with the zones of inhibition of 21 ± 1.08 and 19.67 ± 0.47 mm, respectively. Therefore, the results suggest that Launaea cornuta leaf extract can be used for the synthesis of Ag–ZnO NCs.
Unraveling the paternal genetic structure and forensic traits of the Hui population in Liaoning Province, China using Y-chromosome analysis
Authors: Fu Dazhi , Adnan Atif , Yao Jun , Aldayan Noura H. , Wang Chuan-Chao , Hongyi Cao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Hui people are the second-largest ethnic minority in China, and they are distributed throughout the country. A previous study explored the paternal genetic structure of the Hui population in nine different regions of China, but it overlooked the Liaoning province. In this study, we examined the paternal genetic makeup and forensic traits of the Hui population in Liaoning province by analyzing 157 Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) and 26 short tandem repeats (Y-STRs). We successfully genotyped 282 unrelated male individuals from the Hui population of Liaoning province using the SNaPshot® single base extension assay and Goldeneye™ Y26 system kit (PEOPLESPOT R&D, Beijing, China). The results revealed high haplotypic diversity (0.9998) and identified 46 terminal haplogroups for the Hui population. Additional analyses, such as heat maps, principal component analysis (PCA), genetic distance (FST), Multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis, and median-joining network (MJ) analysis, showed that the Hui population could be classified into three groups: Northwest Hui populations (NWH), including Liaoning, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, and Henan; Hui populations from Sichuan and Shandong (SSH); and Yunnan Hui populations (YNH). Pairwise genetic distance (Rst) comparisons with other Chinese populations revealed that the Hui population displayed genetic affinity with the Han population. The comprehensive understanding of the Hui population in Liaoning province, explored by Y-SNPs and Y-STRs, can be utilized to interpret their genetic structure and enhance the accuracy of forensic databases.
Diadenosine tetraphosphate modulated quorum sensing in bacteria treated with kanamycin
Authors: Ji Xia , Yu Ruojing , Zhu Meilian , Zhang Cuilin , Zhou Libin , Cai Tianshu , Li Weiwei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The dinucleotide alarmone diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), which is found in cells, has been shown to affect the survival of bacteria under stress.

Results
Here, we labeled Ap4A with biotin and incubated the labeled Ap4A with the total proteins extracted from kanamycin-treated Escherichia coli to identify the Ap4A binding protein in bacteria treated with kanamycin. Liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry (LCMS) and bioinformatics were used to identify novel proteins that Ap4A interacts with that are involved in biofilm formation, quorum sensing, and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathways. Then, we used the apaH knockout strain of E. coli K12-MG1655, which had increased intracellular Ap4A, to demonstrate that Ap4A affected the expression of genes in these three pathways. We also found that the swarming motility of the apaH mutant strain was reduced compared with that of the wild-type strain, and under kanamycin treatment, the biofilm formation of the mutant strain decreased.

Conclusions
These results showed that Ap4A can reduce the survival rate of bacteria treated with kanamycin by regulating quorum sensing (QS). These effects can expand the application of kanamycin combinations in the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Ancient allopatry and ecological divergence act together to promote plant diversity in mountainous regions: evidence from comparative phylogeography of two genera in the Sino-Himalayan region
Authors: Peng Junchu , Ma Xiangguang , Sun Hang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
How geographical isolation and ecological divergence act together to promote plant diversity in mountainous regions remains largely unknown. In this study, we chose two genera comprising a small number of species distributed in the Sino-Himalayan region, Megacodon (Gentianaceae) and Beesia (Ranunculaceae), which both exhibit a fragmented distribution pattern and are found across a wide range of elevations. By summarizing their common patterns of speciation and/or divergence processes, we aim to understand how environmental changes accelerated lineage diversification in the Sino-Himalayan region through ancient allopatry and ecological divergence.

Results
Using ddRAD-seq, chloroplast genome sequences, and specific molecular markers, we studied the phylogenetic relationships, population structure, and historical biogeography of Beesia and Megacodon. Both genera began to diverge from the late Miocene onwards, with ancient allopatry at lower elevations formed narrow-range species or relict populations. Mantel tests between genetic distance and climatic, elevational, or geographic distance revealed an isolation-by-distance pattern in Beesia and Megacodon stylophorus. Megacodon showed two clades occupying entirely different altitudinal ranges, whereas Beesia calthifolia exhibited a genetic divergence pattern along an elevation gradient. Furthermore, we conducted morphological measurements on Beesia calthifolia and found that different elevational groups had distinct leaf shapes.

Conclusions
The regional disjunctions of plant groups in the Sino-Himalayan region are drastic and closely related to several biogeographic boundaries. As a consequence of major geological and climate change, ecological divergence when different elevations are colonized often happens simultaneously within plant groups. Although habitat fragmentation and parapatric ecological divergence each spur speciation to different extents, a combined effect of these two factors is a common phenomenon in the Sino-Himalayan region.