bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional improvement of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty compared with total knee arthroplasty for subchondral insufficiency fracture of the knee
Authors: Suh Dae Keun , Park Jun-Gu , Kim Jaejoong , Suh Dong Won , Han Seung-Beom 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSubchondral insufficiency fracture of the knee (SIFK) causes acute knee pain in adults and often requires surgical management. Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are the two most common surgical treatments for SIFK. While both UKA and TKA have their advantages, there is no consensus for SIFK localized on the medial compartment. We hypothesized that patients with SIFK treated with UKA would show superior patient-reported outcomes compared to those who underwent TKA. A total of 90 patients with SIFK located medially were included in the TKA (n = 45) and UKA (n = 45) groups. Size of SIFK lesions were measured on MR images. Patient reported outcomes in the form of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Hospital Special Surgery (HSS) scores, and Knee Society Scores (KSS) were assessed preoperatively, postoperative 6, 12 months, and at the final follow-up. There were no differences in the size of the SIFK lesion between two groups. At 6 months, WOMAC score was better in the UKA group than the TKA group (p < .01). Both groups had a significant improvement in WOMAC, HSS, and KSS scores at the final follow-up compared to preoperative scores. The UKA group had better range of motion of the knee preoperatively and postoperatively than the TKA group (p < .01 and p < .01). UKA group showed a higher relative risk than the TKA group in terms of complications (RR = 3.0) but with no statistical significance (P = 0.31). Unicompartmental arthroplasty and total joint arthroplasty can produce successful outcomes in patients with SIFK with proper patient selection, regardless of the size of SIFK lesion.
Identification of mental disorders in South Africa using complex probabilistic hesitant fuzzy N-soft aggregation information
Authors: Ashraf Shahzaib , Kousar Muneeba , Chambashi Gilbert 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to address the challenges faced by medical professionals in identifying mental disorders. These mental health issues are an increasing public health concern, and middle-income nations like South Africa are negatively impacted. Mental health issues pose a substantial public health concern in South Africa, putting forth extensive impacts on both individuals and society broadly. Insufficient funding for mental health remains the greatest barrier in this country. In order to meet the diverse and complex requirements of patients effective decision making in the treatment of mental disorders is crucial. For this purpose, we introduced the novel concept of the complex probabilistic hesitant fuzzy N-soft set (CPHFNSS) for modeling the unpredictability and uncertainty effectively. Our approach improves the precision with which certain traits connected to different types of mental conditions are recognized by using the competence of experts. We developed the fundamental operations (like extended and restricted intersection, extended and restricted union, weak, top, and bottom weak complements) with examples. We also developed the aggregation operators and their many features, along with their proofs and theorems, for CPHFNSS. By implementing these operators in the aggregation process, one could choose a combination of characteristics. Further, we introduced the novel score function, which is used to determine the optimal choice among them. In addition, we created an algorithm with numerical illustrations for decision making in which physicians employ CPHFNS data to diagnose a specific condition. Finally, comparative analyses confirm the practicability and efficacy of the technique that arises from the model developed in this paper.
Cephalometric landmark detection without X-rays combining coordinate regression and heatmap regression
Authors: Takahashi Kaisei , Shimamura Yui , Tachiki Chie , Nishii Yasushi , Hagiwara Masafumi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFully automated techniques using convolutional neural networks for cephalometric landmark detection have recently advanced. However, all existing studies have adopted X-rays. The problem of direct exposure of patients to X-ray radiation remains unsolved. We propose a model for detecting cephalometric landmarks using only facial profile images without X-rays. First, the model estimates the landmark coordinates using the features of facial profile images through high-resolution representation learning. Second, considering the spatial relationship of the landmarks, the model refines the estimated coordinates. The estimated coordinates are input into fully connected networks to improve the accuracy. During the experiment, a total of 2000 facial profile images collected from 2000 female patients were used. Experiments results suggested that the proposed method may perform at a level equal to or potentially better than existing methods using cephalograms. We obtained an MRE of 0.61 mm for the test data and a mean detection rate of 98.20% within 2 mm. Our proposed two-stage learning method enables a highly accurate estimation of the landmark positions using only facial profile images. The results indicate that X-rays may not be required when detecting cephalometric landmarks.
Inactivation of human coronaviruses using an automated room disinfection device
Authors: Lundquist Nicholas A. , Kifelew Legesse G. , Elmas Sait , Jia Zhongfan , Speck Peter G. , Chalker Justin M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe emergence of more virulent and epidemic strains of viruses, especially in the context of COVID-19, makes it more important than ever to improve methods of decontamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of on-demand production of chlorine species to inactivate human coronaviruses. The commercial prototype disinfection unit was provided by Unipolar Water Technologies. The Unipolar device generates active chlorine species using an electrochemical reaction and dispenses the disinfectant vapour onto surfaces with an aspirator. The minimum effective concentration and exposure time of disinfectant were evaluated on human hepatoma (Huh7) cells using 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay and human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), a surrogate for pathogenic human coronaviruses. We showed that chlorine species generated in the Unipolar device inactivate HCoV-229E on glass surfaces at ≥ 400 parts per million active chlorine concentration with a 5 min exposure time. Here, inactivation refers to the inability of the virus to infect the Huh7 cells. Importantly, no toxic effect was observed on Huh7 cells for any of the active chlorine concentrations and contact times tested.
Prophylactic supplement with melatonin prevented the brain injury after cardiac arrest in rats
Authors: Hu Yanan , Zhao Xuyan , Jiang Ge , Jin Mingxin , Jiang Wei , Han Fei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProphylactic pharmacotherapy for health care in patients with high risk of cardiac arrest (CA) is an elusive and less explored strategy. Melatonin has possibilities used as a daily nutraceutical to trigger the cellular adaptation. We sought to find the effects of long-term daily prophylactic supplement with melatonin on the victim of CA. Rats were divided into sham, CA, and melatonin + CA (Mel + CA) groups. The rats in the Mel + CA group received daily IP injection of melatonin 100 mg/kg for 14 days. CA was induced by 8 min asphyxia and followed by manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The endpoint was 24 h after resuscitation. Survival, neurological outcome, and hippocampal mitochondrial integrity, dynamics and function were assessed. Survival was significantly higher in the Mel + CA group than the CA group (81 vs. 42%,P = 0.04). Compared to the CA group, neurological damage in the CA1 region and the level of cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the Mel + CA group were decreased (P < 0.05). Mitochondrial function and integrity were protected in the Mel + CA group compared to the CA group, according to the results of mitochondrial swelling, ΔΨm, ROS production, oxygen consumption rate, and respiratory control rate (P < 0.05). Melatonin increased SIRT3 and downregulated acetylated CypD. The mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy were improved in the Mel + CA group (P < 0.05). Long-term daily prophylactic supplement with melatonin buy the time from brain injury after CA.
A comprehensive study on enhancing of the mechanical properties of steel fiber-reinforced concrete through nano-silica integration
Authors: Ashokan Anbuchezian , Rajendran Silambarasan , Dhairiyasamy Ratchagaraja 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSteel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) offers improved toughness, crack resistance, and impact resistance. Nano-silica enhances the strength, durability, and workability of concrete. This study investigated the combined effect of nano-silica and steel microfibers, termed micro-concrete reinforced with steel fibers embedding nano-silica (MRFAIN), on the mechanical properties of concrete. The aim was to determine the influence of different percentages of nano-silica and steel microfibers on fresh state properties, mechanical strength, and mechanical performance of MRFAIN. MRFAIN mixtures were prepared with cement, sand, water, superplasticizer, varying dosages of nano-silica (0–2%), and steel microfibers (0–2% by volume). Mechanical properties evaluated at 28 days included compressive strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and fracture energy. Incorporating steel microfibers reduced workability but enhanced mechanical properties like strength and ductility. Nano-silica addition showed variable effects on compressive strength but increased tensile strength. Optimal nano-silica content was 1% and steel microfibers 2%, giving compressive strength 122.5 MPa, tensile strength 25.4 MPa, modulus of elasticity 42.7 GPa. Using nano-silica and steel, microfibers enhanced the mechanical performance of steel fiber-reinforced concrete. This shows potential for reducing construction waste and pollution. Further research can optimize the proportions of nano-silica and steel microfibers in MRFAIN.
The neuropsychological profile of work addiction
Authors: Berta Krisztina , Pesthy Zsuzsanna Viktória , Vékony Teodóra , Farkas Bence C. , Németh Dezső , Kun Bernadette 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine, for the first time, the neuropsychological aspects of work addiction, with a specific emphasis on the cognitive factors identified by theoretical models. While previous research has highlighted self-reported obsessiveness and impulsiveness in work addiction, this study sought to go beyond self-report measures by employing also neuropsychological reaction time tasks to assess executive functions. A total of 101 participants were categorized into two groups based on their Work Addiction Risk Test scores: a high-risk group (HWA; n = 39) and a low-risk group (LWA; n = 62) for work addiction. Executive functions were assessed using Go/No-Go, Digit Span, Counting Span, N-back, and Card Sorting Tasks. The findings revealed that the HWA group had poorer inhibitory control and achieved lower scores on the more complex working memory task involving updating (2-back). However, they exhibited unaltered cognitive flexibility and outperformed the LWA group on the 1-back task associated with maintenance and storage of information and sustained attention. Higher levels of impulsiveness and compulsiveness were observed in the HWA group, consistent with previous studies. These findings highlight the role of inhibition and working memory in work addiction, potentially contributing to challenges such as inefficient working strategies and impaired social functioning. This study offers valuable insights into the neurocognitive aspects of work addiction, deepening our understanding of this phenomenon.
Proenkephalin deletion in hematopoietic cells induces intestinal barrier failure resulting in clinical feature similarities with irritable bowel syndrome in mice
Authors: Mas-Orea Xavier , Rey Lea , Battut Louise , Bories Cyrielle , Petitfils Camille , Abot Anne , Gheziel Nadine , Wemelle Eve , Blanpied Catherine , Motta Jean-Paul , Knauf Claude , Barreau Frederick , Espinosa Eric , Aloulou Meryem , Cenac Nicolas , Serino Matteo , Mouledous Lionel , Fazilleau Nicolas , Dietrich Gilles 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOpioid-dependent immune-mediated analgesic effects have been broadly reported upon inflammation. In preclinical mouse models of intestinal inflammatory diseases, the local release of enkephalins (endogenous opioids) by colitogenic T lymphocytes alleviate inflammation-induced pain by down-modulating gut-innervating nociceptor activation in periphery. In this study, we wondered whether this immune cell-derived enkephalin-mediated regulation of the nociceptor activity also operates under steady state conditions. Here, we show that chimeric mice engrafted with enkephalin-deficient bone marrow cells exhibit not only visceral hypersensitivity but also an increase in both epithelial paracellular and transcellular permeability, an alteration of the microbial topography resulting in increased bacteria-epithelium interactions and a higher frequency of IgA-producing plasma cells in Peyer’s patches. All these alterations of the intestinal homeostasis are associated with an anxiety-like behavior despite the absence of an overt inflammation as observed in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Thus, our results show that immune cell-derived enkephalins play a pivotal role in maintaining gut homeostasis and normal behavior in mice. Because a defect in the mucosal opioid system remarkably mimics some major clinical symptoms of the irritable bowel syndrome, its identification might help to stratify subgroups of patients.
Examining Graduate Training in Written Language and the Impact on Speech-Language Pathologists' Practice: Perspectives From Faculty and Clinicians
Authors: Summy Rebecca , Farquharson Kelly 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
This study had two aims. Aim 1 was to query both communication science and disorders (CSD) faculty and school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) regarding how written language is/was covered in their graduate programs. Aim 2 was to query school-based SLPs about their written language service provision.

Method:

CSD faculty (
n
= 143) and school-based SLPs (
n
= 610) completed an online survey examining (a) if and how written language was addressed in their graduate program, (b) what content related to written language was covered in graduate school, and (c) provision of written language services in schools (SLPs only).

Results:
There was a discrepancy in reports of training provision. Faculty reported providing more training than SLPs reported receiving. However, SLPs with fewer years of experience reported slightly higher levels of training compared to those with more years of experience. Additionally, there was variability among SLPs in how often they targeted written language in therapy. Finally, receipt of training in written language was a significant predictor of provision of written language services, as reported by SLPs.

Conclusions:
SLPs play a key role on literacy teams in schools, but many SLPs did not receive adequate training in written language. In order to ensure SLPs are trained to work with children with reading difficulties, graduate programs should ensure that written language is part of the clinical and academic curricula.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24543469
Tiny machine learning on the edge: A framework for transfer learning empowered unmanned aerial vehicle assisted smart farming
Authors: Hayajneh Ali M. , Aldalahmeh Sami A. , Alasali Feras , Al‐Obiedollah Haitham , Zaidi Sayed Ali , McLernon Des 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEmerging technologies are continually redefining the paradigms of smart farming and opening up avenues for more precise and informed farming practices. A tiny machine learning (TinyML)‐based framework is proposed for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)‐assisted smart farming applications. The practical deployment of such a framework on the UAV and bespoke internet of things (IoT) sensors which measure soil moisture and ambient environmental conditions is demonstrated. The key objective of this framework is to harness TinyML for implementing transfer learning (TL) using deep neural networks (DNNs) and long short‐term memory (LSTM) ML models. As a case study, this framework is employed to predict soil moisture content for smart agriculture applications, guiding optimal water utilisation for crops through time‐series forecasting models. To the best of authors’ knowledge, a framework which leverages UAV‐assisted TL for the edge internet of things using TinyML has not been investigated previously. The TL‐based framework employs a pre‐trained data model on different but similar applications and data domains. Not only do the authors demonstrate the practical deployment of the proposed framework but they also quantify its performance through real‐world deployment. This is accomplished by designing a custom sensor board for soil and environmental sensing which uses an ESP32 microcontroller unit. The inference metrics (i.e. inference time and accuracy) are measured for different ML model architectures on edge devices as well as other performance metrics (i.e. mean square error and coefficient of determination [R2]), while emphasising the need for balancing accuracy and processing complexity. In summary, the results show the practical feasibility of using drones to deliver TL for DNN and LSTM models to ultra‐low performance edge IoT devices for soil humidity prediction. But in general, this work also lays the foundation for further research into other applications of TinyML usage in many different aspects of smart farming.
A comparison of compact, presumably young with extended, evolved radio active galactic nuclei
Authors: Meusinger Helmut , Mhaskey Mukul 
Published: November 2023

Context. The triggering and evolution of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and the interaction of the AGN with its host galaxy is an important topic in extragalactic astrophysics. Radio sources with peaked spectra (peaked spectrum sources, PSS) and compact symmetric objects (CSO) are powerful, compact, and presumably young AGNs and therefore particularly suitable to study aspects of the AGN-host connection.
Aims. We use a statistical approach to investigate properties of a PSS-CSO sample that are related to host galaxies and could potentially shed light on the link between host galaxies and AGNs. The main goal is to compare the PSS-CSO sample with a matching comparison sample of extended sources (ECS) to see if the two have significant differences.
Methods. We analysed composite spectra, diagnostic line diagrams, multi-band spectral energy distributions (MBSEDs), star formation (SF) indicators, morphologies, and cluster environments for a sample of 121 PSSs and CSOs for which spectra are available from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The statistical results were compared with those of the ECS sample, where we generally considered the two subsamples of quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) and radio galaxies separately. The analysis is based on a large set of archival data in the spectral range from the ultraviolet to mid-infrared.
Results. We find significant differences between the PSS-CSO and the ECS sample. In particular, we find that the ECS sample has a higher proportion of passive galaxies with a lower star formation activity. This applies to both sub-samples (QSOs or radio galaxies) as well as to the entire sample. The star formation rates of the PSS-CSO host galaxies with available data are typically in the range ∼0 to 5 ℳ⊙ yr−1, and the stellar masses are in the range 3 × 1011 to 1012 ℳ⊙. Secondly, in agreement with previous results, we find a remarkably high proportion of PSS-CSO host galaxies with merger signatures. The merger fraction of the PSS-CSO sample is 0.61 ± 0.07, which is significantly higher than that of the comparison sample (0.15 ± 0.06). We suggest that this difference can be explained by assuming that the majority of the PSSs and CSOs cannot evolve to extended radio sources and are therefore not represented in our comparison sample.
Determination of the SO/PHI-HRT wavefront degradation using multiple defocused images
Authors: Bailén F. J. , Orozco Suárez D. , Blanco Rodríguez J. , del Toro Iniesta J. C. , Strecker H. , Moreno Vacas A. , Santamarina Guerrero P. , Hirzberger J. , Albert K. , Albelo Jorge N. , Appourchaux T. , Alvarez-Herrero A. , Gandorfer A. , Germerott D. , Guerrero L. , Gutierrez-Marques P. , Kahil F. , Kolleck M. , Solanki S. K. , Volkmer R. , Woch J. , Fiethe B. , Gómez Cama J. M. , Pérez-Grande I. , Sanchis Kilders E. , Balaguer Jiménez M. , Bellot Rubio L. R. , Calchetti D. , Carmona M. , Deutsch W. , Feller A. , Fernandez-Rico G. , Fernández-Medina A. , García Parejo P. , Gasent Blesa J. L. , Gizon L. , Grauf B. , Heerlein K. , Korpi-Lagg A. , Lange T. , López Jiménez A. , Maue T. , Meller R. , Michalik H. , Müller R. , Nakai E. , Schmidt W. , Schou J. , Schühle U. , Sinjan J. , Staub J. , Torralbo I. , Valori G. 
Published: November 2023

Context. The Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager on board the Solar Orbiter mission (SO/PHI) offers refocusing capabilities to cope with the strongly varying thermal environment of the optical system along the spacecraft’s elliptical orbit. The series of images recorded during in-flight focus calibrations can be employed for phase diversity analyses.
Aims. In this work we infer the wavefront degradation caused by the thermo-optical effects in the High Resolution Telescope (HRT) from images taken during the fine and coarse focus scans performed in the commissioning phase of the instrument. The difference between these two series of images are mainly related to the employed defocused step (smaller for the fine scans) and the signal-to-noise ratio (higher for the coarse scans). We use the retrieved wavefronts to reconstruct the original scene observed during the calibration of the instrument.
Methods. We applied a generalized phase diversity algorithm that allowed us to use several images taken with different amounts of defocus to sense the wavefront degradation caused by the instrument. The algorithm also uses information from both the inferred wavefront and the series of images to restore the solar scene.
Results. We find that most of the retrieved Zernike coefficients tend to converge to the same value when increasing the number of images employed for PD for both the fine and the coarse focusing scans. The restored scenes also show signs of convergence, and the merit function is minimized more as K increases. Apart from a defocus, the inferred wavefronts are consistent for the two datasets (λ/10 − λ/11). For the fine scan images, the quiet-sun contrast improves from 4.5% for the original focused image up to about 10%. For the coarse scan images, the contrast of the restored scene is as high as 11%.