bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operationalizing Narrative Theory in the Reinstatement from Suspension Process
Authors: Bowlus Angela M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Students returning from suspension remain a focus for institutions that aim to improve retention and persistence rates and graduate all admitted students. Institutions need more precise mechanisms to identify students who will be academically successful upon return from suspension and to know what support those students will need. Previous research has not identified dependable objective criteria for administrators to use when making reinstatement decisions. Review of subjective criteria in this process is required. This study explored the impact of student narrative on reinstatement from suspension decisions through the narrative theory lens. Student participants and administrators in the reinstatement process were interviewed to understand their understanding of the importance of student narrative on reinstatement decisions and future student success.
Design and fabrication of a liquid crystal polarization grating for mid- and far-infrared wavelengths
Authors: Sakamoto Moritsugu , Ohara Sora , Mitsuboshi Yohei , Noda Kohei , Suzuki Masato , Sasaki Tomoyuki , Kawatsuki Nobuhiro , Ono Hiroshi 
Published: February 2024

A lot of research on liquid crystal polarization gratings (LCPGs) that
can separate circularly polarized light with 100% diffraction
efficiency has been conducted in the visible and near-infrared
wavelength regions. In this paper, we tried to design and fabricate
the LCPGs that are available for use in the mid- and far-infrared (MIR
and FIR) wavelength regions. The materials for making LCPGs were
selected in view of low absorption characteristics measured by the use
of a Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer. LCPGs designed
for 3.88 µm and 9.5–10.6 µm were
fabricated, and we evaluated their diffraction properties
experimentally. The MIR and FIR LCPGs should open new application
fields of LC technologies including polarimetry, spectroscopy, and
beam steering.
Outcome analysis of brain-death referral to NOD-Lb: A retrospective chart review of a single hospital experience over 3 years
Authors: Araji Hachem , Ayoub Johnny , Gebrael Laudy , Fala Hiba , Feghali Elio Junior , Al Jardali Marwa , Iskandar Sleiman , Said Yana , Nakhoul Maria , Faour Wissam , Bahous Sola Aoun , Younan Farida , Stephan Antoine 
Published: February 2024

Background
Organ donation shortage and in particular organ procurement is an international concern as the gap between the number of donors and recipients is steadily growing. Organ procurement is a chain of steps with donor identification and referral (ID&R) as the very first link in this chain. Failure of this step hinders the progress in the organ transplantation program.

Objectives
Our study was conducted to evaluate and highlight the gap between the national system and the practice at the identification and referral (ID&R) step of the organ procurement chain in a single tertiary-care academic health center in Beirut: the Lebanese American University Medical Center–Rizk Hospital (LAUMC-RH), and to appraise the literature for challenges at this step and for possible interventions for improvement based on the international experience.

Materials and methods
This retrospective study was a descriptive case series of ICU and ED deceased patients at a single tertiary-care university hospital in Beirut. Patients’ characteristics were collected from medical records for all patients who died between 2017 and 2019 while in the ICU or the ED and shared with the National Organization for Organ and Tissue Donation and Transplantation (NOD-Lb), for each subject separately, to decide on the donor status. All data collected from the patient cohort was analyzed using R version 3.6.1. Wilcoxon signed-rank test, chi-squared, and fisher-exact tests were used to compare differences in clinical characteristics in terms of donor status when appropriate.

Results
This study served as 3 years audit of a single hospital experience, and it demonstrates failure to make any referrals to NOD-Lb and zero actual organ and tissue donations over the study period. The review of 295 deceased subjects’ charts demonstrates 295 missed alerts to NOD-Lb and the overall missing of 5 organ and tissue donors and 24 cornea donors assuming the organ procurement chain of steps will continue uninterrupted after ID&R.

Conclusion
The data gathered suggests the presence of an inefficient identification and referral system that is translated into a complete failure of reporting to NOD-Lb from LAUMC-RH. A systematic evidence-based approach to evaluate for the most cost-effective intervention to increase identification and referral rates is needed with a serious effort to examine and account for any inefficient implantation.
Deep learning-based correction of cataract-induced influence on macular pigment optical density measurement by autofluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Obana Akira , Ote Kibo , Gohto Yuko , Yamada Hidenao , Hashimoto Fumio , Okazaki Shigetoshi , Asaoka Ryo 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
Measurements of macular pigment optical density (MPOD) using the autofluorescence spectroscopy yield underestimations of actual values in eyes with cataracts. Previously, we proposed a correction method for this error using deep learning (DL); however, the correction performance was validated through internal cross-validation. This cross-sectional study aimed to validate this approach using an external validation dataset.

Methods
MPODs at 0.25°, 0.5°, 1°, and 2° eccentricities and macular pigment optical volume (MPOV) within 9° eccentricity were measured using SPECTRALIS (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) in 197 (training dataset inherited from our previous study) and 157 eyes (validating dataset) before and after cataract surgery. A DL model was trained to predict the corrected value from the pre-operative value using the training dataset, and we measured the discrepancy between the corrected value and the actual postoperative value. Subsequently, the prediction performance was validated using a validation dataset.

Results
Using the validation dataset, the mean absolute values of errors for MPOD and MPOV corrected using DL ranged from 8.2 to 12.4%, which were lower than values with no correction (P < 0.001, linear mixed model with Tukey’s test). The error depended on the autofluorescence image quality used to calculate MPOD. The mean errors in high and moderate quality images ranged from 6.0 to 11.4%, which were lower than those of poor quality images.

Conclusion
The usefulness of the DL correction method was validated. Deep learning reduced the error for a relatively good autofluorescence image quality. Poor-quality images were not corrected.
Beyond the classical strong maximum principle: Sign-changing forcing term and flat solutions
Authors: Díaz Jesús Ildefonso , Hernández Jesús 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We show that the classical strong maximum principle, concerning positive supersolutions of linear elliptic equations vanishing on the boundary of the domain can be extended, under suitable conditions, to the case in which the forcing term is sign-changing. In addition, for the case of solutions, the normal derivative on the boundary may also vanish on the boundary (definition of flat solution). This leads to examples in which the unique continuation property fails. As a first application, we show the existence of positive solutions for a sublinear semilinear elliptic problem of indefinite sign. A second application, concerning the positivity of solutions of the linear heat equation, for some large values of time, with forcing and/or initial datum changing sign, is also given.
Ergodic states on type III1 factors and ergodic actions
Authors: Marrakchi Amine , Vaes Stefaan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Since the early days of Tomita–Takesaki theory, it is known that a von Neumann algebra 𝑀 that admits a state 𝜑 with trivial centralizer

M
φ

M_{\varphi}

must be a type III1 factor, but the converse remained open.
We solve this problem and prove that such ergodic states form a dense

G
δ

G_{\delta}

set among all faithful normal states on any III1 factor with separable predual.
Through Connes’ Radon–Nikodym cocycle theorem, this problem is related to the existence of ergodic cocycle perturbations for outer group actions, which we consider in the second part of the paper.
Tobacco use and oral health related quality of life among Indian adolescents
Authors: Singh Shilpi , Jain Meena 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The present study was conducted to assess tobacco use and its effect on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in Indian adolescents.

Methods
The present study was conducted on 1,600 13–14 year old adolescents from the schools of Modinagar, western Uttar Pradesh, India selected using stratified random sampling technique. OHRQoL was assessed using Hindi version of Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ). Information regarding demographic, socioeconomic and oral health measures was also collected from the study participants. Tobacco use was assessed through questions derived from Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) questionnaire. Influence of predictor variables on tobacco use was evaluated using multilevel Poisson regression model.

Results
The tobacco use among the study population was 8.1 % and CPQ scores were 9.15±0.32. Adolescents who used tobacco had worse OHRQoL scores. Low socioeconomic status, presence of dental caries, absence of regular dental visits (last 6 months) were associated with increased regular consumption of tobacco products.

Conclusions
The findings of the present study play an important role in planning public health strategies to improve adolescent OHRQoL and reduce tobacco use.
Recent advances in all-optical half-subtractor and full-subtractor based on photonic crystal platforms
Authors: Parandin Fariborz , Olyaee Saeed , Heidari Farsad , Soroosh Mohammad , Farmani Ali , Saghaei Hamed , Karimzadeh Rouhollah , Maleki Mohammad Javad , Askarian Asghar , Rahimi Zahra , Ehyaee Arefe 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A half-subtractor is a digital circuit that subtracts two inputs and displays the result in two outputs. Photonic crystals (PhCs) are used in optical circuits, including encoders, multiplexers, adders, subtractors, timers, counters, etc. This paper reviews and compares some of the all-optical half-subtractors and full-subtractors based on PhCs reported to date. We study physical parameters, including the arrangement of dielectric rods, rod radius, lattice constant, structure area, background material, and resonator type and illustrate the structure with a small size is suitable for integration in a photonic chip. Another crucial factor is the optical power difference between the two logic states of 0 and 1. A large difference between these two values increases the contrast ratio and reduces the detection error in the output. Delay time as a key parameter specifies that the input signal will leave the desired output after a few femtoseconds. Linear structures have the lowest delay time, fall time, and rise time among compared structures. But on the other hand, non-linear structures have the highest amount of contrast ratio. In the recent papers, relatively favorable delay times are obtained, equal to 0.06, 0.1, and 0.85 ps, respectively. Also, the fall times are a small value and are equal to 0.05, 0.1, and 0.25 ps, respectively, and the rise times are equal to 0.1, 0.5, and 0.7 ps, respectively. Also, the contrast ratio values are high and acceptable which are equal to 25.88, 18.80, and 18.40, respectively.
A gradient method for high-dimensional BSDEs
Authors: Gnameho Kossi , Stadje Mitja , Pelsser Antoon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We develop a Monte Carlo method to solve backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) in high dimensions.
The proposed algorithm is based on the regression-later approach using multivariate Hermite polynomials and their gradients.
We propose numerical experiments to illustrate its performance.
Optical computing metasurfaces: applications and advances
Authors: Zhou Hongqiang , Zhao Chongli , He Cong , Huang Lingling , Man Tianlong , Wan Yuhong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Integrated photonic devices and artificial intelligence have presented a significant opportunity for the advancement of optical computing in practical applications. Optical computing technology is a unique computing system based on optical devices and computing functions, which significantly differs from the traditional electronic computing technology. On the other hand, optical computing technology offers the advantages such as fast speed, low energy consumption, and high parallelism. Yet there are still challenges such as device integration and portability. In the burgeoning development of micro–nano optics technology, especially the deeply ingrained concept of metasurface technique, it provides an advanced platform for optical computing applications, including edge detection, image or motion recognition, logic computation, and on-chip optical computing. With the aim of providing a comprehensive introduction and perspective for optical computing metasurface applications, we review the recent research advances of optical computing, from nanostructure and computing methods to practical applications. In this work, we review the challenges and analysis of optical computing metasurfaces in engineering field and look forward to the future development trends of optical computing.
Reverse phase liquid chromatographic method for the measurement of uranium in process stream solutions from uranium extraction facility
Authors: Balaji Rao Yarasi , Bano Shehanaz , Nagendra Kumar Putta V. , Srivastava Dinesh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The present paper describes a simple method for the determination of uranium in uranium process stream solutions by reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method using C18 column, mixture of α-hydroxy isobutyric acid and methanol as eluent and flow-through spectrophotometer detector. This method has an advantage that interfering elements like rare-earth elements do not retain on the column and elute near the solvent peak thereby not interfering with uranium elution peak. Different eluents and parameters like pH, concentration of eluent are studied for the purpose. The spiking standard recovery was found to be more than 90 %. The developed method has been compared with other techniques and found to be in agreement.
Nanocrystalline Ce(OH)4-based materials: ruthenium selective adsorbent for highly alkaline radioactive liquid waste
Authors: Selvakumar Jayaprakasam , Anshul Kumari , Nishad Padala A. , Anupkumar Bhaskarapillai , Srinivasan Subramanian , Jawahar Nethapakkam R. , Rufus Appadurai L. , Gayen Jayantha K. , Krishna Mohan Tulasi V. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cerium hydroxide, Ce(OH)4 (Ce), has been synthesised and assessed as a Ru-selective adsorbent for treating alkaline radioactive liquid waste. Infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy investigations confirmed the successful formation of nanocrystalline Ce from Ce(NO3)3·6H2O. Selective removal of 106Ru from the ion-exchange effluent of intermediate-level liquid waste (ILW) by Ce was assessed using a high-pure germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometer. The calculated average distribution coefficient (k
D) was ∼200 mL/g. The percentage removal of 106Ru using Ce by varying time, [106Ru] and [Ce] was calculated. The adsorption of 106Ru on Ce follows pseudo-second-order and Freundlich isotherms. The calculated Q
max was 93,584 Bq/g. Accelerated leaching studies of the Ru-laden Ce cement product were carried out and found suitable for transport and disposal. Further, Ce-Polyether sulphone (Ce-PES) and Ce-Chitosan (CeC) composites were prepared and assessed for their Ru-uptake capacity for engineering scale application.
On the spectral norm of a doubly stochastic matrix and level-k circulant matrix
Authors: Jiang Zhao-Lin , Tam Tin-Yau 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A simple proof using Birkhoff theorem is given for the result that the spectral norm of a doubly stochastic matrix is 1. We also show that the result generalizes the results of İpek, Bozkurt, and Jiang and Zhou on circulant matrices and

r

r

-circulant matrices. Spectral norm of level-

k

k

circulant matrix and applications are given.
Dialectality Measurement: A Research Model for Discussion
Authors: Kardelis Vytautas 
Published: February 2024

The aim of this article is to propose a model for studying linguistic behavior and dialectality measurement for scientific discussion. To achieve the goal, the following tasks are set: 1) to briefly review and evaluate the previous studies on linguistic attitudes and linguistic behavior, 2) to systematize the methods of data collection and data analysis, 3) to develop a model for studying linguistic behavior and to present dialectality measurement for discussion.
The proposed model for studying linguistic behavior and dialectality measurement has been partially verified through an exploratory study, but the results of this study will be discussed in another publication. Now the focus is only on methodological questions.
The research model consists of two parts. The first is data collection the second is data analysis. The data collection part consists of two components: 1) selection of informants and 2) formation of a corpus of empirical material. The empirical material corpus formation component consists of five partly independent, partly interrelated points: 1) A questionnaire at the beginning of data collection, 2) Creative tasks, 3) Free conversation, 4) Detailed interview, 5) A questionnaire at the end of data collection.
The data analysis part consists of three components: 1) Technical preparation of the recordings (texts) obtained during the creative task, free conversation and detailed interview, 2) Speech analysis, carried out after applying the distribution tables method, and 3) Dialectally measurement and calculating linguistic distance.
Roles of autophagy in killing of mycobacterial pathogens by host macrophages – Effects of some medicinal plants
Authors: Tatano Yutaka , Shimizu Toshiaki , Sano Chiaki , Tomioka Haruaki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAutophagy is a cellular stress-induced intracellular process, through which damaged cellular components are decomposed via lysosomal degradation. This process plays important roles in host innate immunity, particularly the elimination of intracellular pathogens inside host macrophages. A more detailed understanding of the roles of autophagic events in the effective manifestation of macrophagic antimycobacterial activity is needed. Furthermore, the effects of medicinal plants on macrophagic autophagy response to mycobacterial infection need to be clarified. We herein examined the significance of autophagic events in the manifestation of host immunity during mycobacterial infection, by performing a literature search using PubMed. Recent studies demonstrated that autophagy up-regulated macrophage functions related to the intracellular killing of mycobacteria, even when pathogens were residing within the cytoplasm of macrophages. The majority of medicinal plants potentiated macrophagic autophagy, thereby enhancing their antimycobacterial functions. In contrast, most medicinal plants down-regulate the development and activation of the Th17 cell population, which reduces macrophage antimycobacterial activity. These opposing effects of medicinal plants on macrophage autophagy (enhancement) and Th17 cell functions (inhibition) may provide a plausible explanation for the clinical observation of their modest efficacy in the treatment of mycobacterial infections.
A human-centric approach to countering disinformation
Authors: Balčytienė Auksė , Kasparaitė Rimgailė , Lenčiauskienė Patricija 
Published: February 2024

Throughout all European countries, disinformation, the prevalence of false narratives and the rise of online radicalism are recognized as profound instances of “dysfunctional communication” driving contemporary societies toward populist polarization and conflict. As traditional guardians of knowledge authority and epistemic commons, the news media takes a bold stance in combatting disinformation, even though the profession is facing significant challenges in terms of business and trust production.
How should journalism education respond to the increasing epistemic uncertainties and develop the essential skills and capacities for digital information verification, while fostering the commitment for ethical communication and serving the public good?
This paper discusses the development and teaching of contemporary journalistic professionalism as a social process sustained via different digital mediums and contextualized within real-world events. Using the example of the pilot study, it suggests that within contemporary journalism education, there is a growing requirement to cultivate a collaborative ethos among journalists and sources, starting within the university setting. The experience gained from the source verification class, tested with Lithuanian journalism students in a collaborative learning situation, reveals fact-checking practices that anticipate the development of epistemic capacities and self-efficacy, crucial for resilient journalistic professionalism.
How is Portugal addressing disinformation? Results of a mapping of initiatives (2010-2023)
Authors: Oliveira Ana Filipa , Maneta Margarida , Brites Maria José , Ribeiro-Rodrigues Vanessa 
Published: February 2024

The brisky transformation of the internet and the rise of digital technologies have been causing a deep impact on the media and in the ways audiences access, consume and participate. Although in this era information is closer and more available to citizens, concerns have been raised regarding 1) the quality of the information disseminated by digital platforms, 2) the impacts it may have on democracies and 3) the urgency of promoting citizens' MIL competencies. Disseminating unverified content can pose threats towards the status of the Internet as a space for free and informative debate, and as a tool for social inclusion. Portugal is pointed out as the second European country where citizens are most concerned about authenticity and validity of information (Newman et al., 2020). However data also shows that mechanisms of disinformation are quite participated by them. In this way, it becomes relevant to understand how the various sectors of society have been promoting the empowerment of citizens, and their resilience and competence toward information disorder.
Within the scope of the project Read Twice, the team carried out a mapping of initiatives focused on tackling disinformation. The aim was to identify good practices and outline Portugal’s experience concerning this issue. After an initial listing of activities (N=20) promoted over the last 13 years, the team identified 3 Top Initiatives and eleven Best Practices. Overall results suggest that media literacy has been in the spotlight in the Portuguese context since the 1980s. There is also a tendency for media literacy initiatives to engage target audiences through active, participatory and creative approaches. However, and although the longest-running activity dates from the late 1980s, the initiatives identified are limited to a specific timeframe, suggesting that there is a lack of continuity repeatedly emphasised in the research.