bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study into mechanical properties of TiN coating on Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy through three‐point bending tests
Authors: Yilbas B.S. , Sunar M. , Qasem Z. , Abdul Aleem B.J. , Zainaulabdeen S. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeTo examine the mechanical properties of TiN PVD coated Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy through three‐point bending tests.Design/methodology/approachTi‐6Al‐4V alloy is cut in size and polished and cleaned chemically before TiN PVD coating process. INSTRON three‐point bending equipment is used to conduct the bending tests for TiN coated and uncoated workpieces. During the tests, the load and displacement characteristics were recorded. The tests were terminated when the coating failed. Micrographs of surface and crack sites were obtained by SEM.FindingsCoating failure occurs due to shearing effect on the tensile surface. The spalling and buckling of the coating on the compressive surface are observed. The compressive stress generated on the top surface (where the indent is in contact) did not cause adhesive failure of the coating. Moreover, cohesive cracks occur on the tensile surface of the coating. The crack ledge under the action of shear stress appears on the tensile surface of TiN coating and multi cracking of coating is resulted. The crack spacing is small indicating sliding and splitting separation between the adjacent columns in the coating.Research limitations/implicationsThe tests can be extended to include the duplex treated workpieces such as the heat treatment of surface prior to TiN coating. This enhances the interface properties of the coating and base alloy.Practical implicationsThe results can be used to assess the TiN coating applications in cutting tools, particularly drill bits and punches.Originality/valueThis paper provides information on mechanical behavior of TiN coating when subjected to bending force and offers practical help for the researchers and scientists working in the coating area.
Future polyimide coatings used in high loaded bearings
Authors: Görlach B. , Holweger W. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeTo prevent damages of machinery elements and enhancing life lubrication by using new surface engineering techniques.Design/methodology/approachA new “wet” coating technique offers an easy and promising route to modify steel surfaces. The design of surface coatings and the results of an official bearing test are presented.FindingsBased on common bearing tests (e.g. DIN 51819), wear behaviour and tribological properties of modified surfaces are verified.Research limitations/implicationsOur actual research proves an enhanced tribological behaviour in the case of improving surface properties. In contrast, to the common vapour deposition techniques the “wet” coating method seems to offer an alternative route to get surfaces with enhanced tribological properties.Practical implicationsThe technique of “wet” coating offers an easy route to modify steel surfaces of all kinds of bearings.Originality/valuePre‐polymer coating provides a promising future technique for surface engineering.
An investigation on the variation of surface areas in upsetting of cylindrical specimen
Authors: Erol Akata H. , Çetinarslan Cem S. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThe purpose of presented study is to investigate the development of the barreling obtaining the variation of the surface area during upsetting of cylindrical specimens for various metals and alloys.Design/methodology/approachVariations of the surface areas were first obtained analytically using mathematical equations for uniform and non‐uniform upsetting. Barreling contours were accepted as circular segments in the development of the equations. In the experimental part of the study, barreling radii and other related dimensions of upset specimens were measured and inserted into the developed equations in order to obtain the variations of total specimen surface areas.FindingsAs it is expected, barreling effects the variation of total surface areas of the specimen. It can be concluded that the total surface area first decreases at low upset ratios for all the test materials and then begins to increase as the upset ratios increases. Consequently, total surface areas for non‐uniform upsetting are always smaller that those of uniform upsetting.Research limitations/implicationsFive kinds of materials were used in the experimental part of the study. Specimens were also upset without lubrication. A relatively slow hydraulic press was used during the experiments with 5 mm/s ram speed.Practical implicationsAlthough the study has not direct implications for the practical purposes in forging area, results can be used as a very useful source of information for researchers in this field to plan their studies. Variation character of total surface area obtained in the study may give useful data in analyzing the deformation patterns in upsetting.Originality/valueThe effects of barreling on the material behavior in upsetting for non‐uniform conditions were analyzed with respect to variation of total specimen surface area. This point of view may be extended for different materials and friction conditions.
A study of lubrication mechanism of oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions in steel cold rolling
Authors: Dubey S.P. , Sharma G.K. , Shishodia K.S. , Sekhon G.S. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeOil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsion has been used in industrial rolling mills for many decades, but its lubrication mechanism is still not adequately understood. There is a need to understand the role of chemical ingredients and emulsifier in lubrication and tribological characteristics of rolling oil. With this purpose, the authors selected three commercially available O/W emulsions of different generations and of known industrial performance. The aim is to understand the lubrication mechanism of these rolling oils and to correlate the laboratory findings with that of industrial rolling mills.Design/methodology/approachThe lubrication mechanism has been studied with the help of an ultra thin film interferometry EHD test rig, an advanced experimental rolling mill and a Coulter LS 230 instrument. Film thickness, rolling parameters and droplet size were measured. The coefficient of friction was computed with the help of the measured values of rolling parameters. Emulsion stability and saponification value (SAP) of the selected emulsions were also determined. The results of film thickness, rolling parameters and droplet size have been presented. The lubrication mechanism of the emulsions has been explained on the basis of film thickness, droplet size, emulsion stability, SAP value and coefficient of friction.FindingsResults of the present study reveal that chemistry of O/W emulsions plays an important role in their film forming and tribological behavior. Rolling emulsions of relatively low stability, higher droplet size and high SAP value are found to provide better lubrication and lower coefficient of friction. The results of the present study correlate well with the actual industrial experience except those obtained on EHD test rig.Research limitations/implicationsCoulter LS 230 instrument was available with M/s LUBRIZOL CORP., USA. Only limited study on droplet size was carried. Although the study carried out has given good information but it would have been more practical if the emulsion samples taken from the experimental mill stand would have been studied for droplet size.Practical implicationsFrom understanding point of view of lubrication mechanism of O/W emulsion, it will be useful for oil technologists, tribologists and rolling mill users.Originality/valueThe study is original in nature and gives information on lubrication mechanism of O/W emulsions in steel cold rolling of steel strips.
Field studies into the dynamics of product development tasks
Authors: van Oorschot K.E. , Bertrand J.W.M. , Rutte C.G. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThis paper aims to describe three exploratory field studies investigating which characteristics add to later time to market and/or low product functionality of newly developed products. The studies are conducted at the level of developments tasks, or work packages. The first and second studies investigate to what extent the unpredictability of the project's outcome is the result of the unpredictability of the completion time of individual work packages, and of the instability of the total network of work packages.Design/methodology/approachStatistical analysis of the empirical data about the progress of three design projects carried out in the development department of a high‐tech capital equipment manufacturer was used. The third study examines the reasons that members of the product development teams in this firm give for the unpredictability of time and quality of the project's outcome.FindingsThe results result indicate the existence of three very different sources of unpredictability: the usual uncertainty about the duration of a design task, the discovery of unexpected new problems in a design task, and the reprioritization of a work package by project leaders due to new problems in other work packages.Originality/valueTogether the three studies provide a detailed account of the operational characteristics of time‐paced product development projects in a particular firm and suggest ways to effectively manage such a project.
American, Asian and third‐party international warehouse operations in Europe
Authors: de Koster M.B.M. , Warffemius P.M.J. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThis paper aims to report a survey carried out among European distribution centres (EDCs) in The Netherlands. EDCs are forerunners in implementing advanced logistics systems, since they are responsible for the distribution of a manufacturer's products to customers in a larger part of Europe, Middle East and Africa, often with strict service level agreements.Design/methodology/approachWarehouses with different outsourcing relations (own‐account, dedicated outsourced and public outsourced) are compared on operational aspects, performance, and future developments. Moreover, within the group of own‐account warehouses, especially Asian and American operations are tested for differences.FindingsOutsourced warehouse operations appear to have a higher percentage of error‐free deliveries and to be more flexible than own‐account operations. Based on the literature it was expected that a difference in productivity and quality between American and Asian EDCs would be found. Some differences in operations are found. For example, Asian EDCs put more effort in quality methods and involve more native managers. However, significant differences in productivity and quality levels were not found. Apparently, the differences in operations do not have a substantial effect on the warehouse performance.Originality/valueThis paper is a first attempt to compare advanced warehouse operations from different origins, either operated by service providers or not.
Performance measurement systems, competitive priorities, and advanced manufacturing technology
Authors: Sacristán Díaz Macarena , José Álvarez Gil María , Dominguez Machuca José A. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeWhen acquiring advanced manufacturing technologies (AMT), the greatest caution should be taken regarding the performance measurement system to be used: the decision regarding new investments should not be conditioned by the excessive use of financial indicators to the detriment of the strategic objectives that motivated the investments. It is intended to analyze the aeronautical sector, for which the purchase of AMT is qualifying criteria, with two intentions: first, to identify the performance measurement systems that are used, and second, to test their correspondence with the objectives that motivated the investments.Design/methodology/approachA survey of the 20 plants in the population was conducted via a postal questionnaire plus a structured interview. The unit of analysis has been maintained through the triangulation of data sources.FindingsThe findings suggest that both financial and non‐financial indicators are used, with the latter gaining predominance over the former on some occasions, even though there is no clear correspondence between strategy and the measurement of performance. In the light of the findings, the question of what inspires a company's performance measurement system is still open, especially in those cases where there is no explicit strategy. With regard to practical implications, what seems to be indispensable is an improvement in the determination of the critical variables that should be used to measure performance.Research limitations/implicationsBeing valuable for academics and practitioners, this contribution relies, rather, on the possibility of a logical extrapolation to circumstances where the findings might apply, and researchers can judge whether the particular findings would be valid.Originality/valueProvides new evidence on the adaptation of the make‐up and combination of the type of performance measures currently used by plants in the aeronautical industry, one of the sectors in which technological innovation is of the utmost importance.
A model for the assessment of waste in job shop environments
Authors: Rawabdeh Ibrahim A. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThe paper aims to investigate the waste in a job shop environment and proposes an assessment method aimed at helping companies to identify root causes of waste.Design/methodology/approachThe seven wastes (overproducing; processing; inventory; transporting; producing defects; time waiting; and motion waste) and their relationships were explored. A waste matrix was developed to quantify in a percentage form the relationships among wastes and represents a probability that a certain type of waste will affect others or be affected by others. An assessment questionnaire was employed to allocate the source of waste and differentiate between the levels of waste. The waste matrix and the assessment questionnaire were incorporated in the assessment method to rank the existing waste in a job shop.FindingsThe developed model serves as guidelines for simplifying the search of waste problems and identifies opportunities for waste elimination. A case study was conducted to validate the model; and the results of the assessment and the real situation concur.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper has investigated a method to allocate waste, quantify it and discuss the relationships among wastes without quantifying the potential savings. Further research should be done in order to investigate the level of reduction in effort and time as a result of implementing the method.Practical implicationsThe approach provides a method by which managers can identify the sources of waste, differentiate between the levels of waste and rank their significance.Originality/valueThe simplicity of the matrix and the comprehensiveness of the questionnaire contribute to the achievement of accurate results in identifying the root causes of waste. The new model provides an insight into on where to concentrate effort by weighing the contributions of the different waste types.
Surviving the loss of state aid
Authors: Stephens Jay 
Published: August 2005

PurposeGiven the issue of massive state aid cuts, this library aims to address the issue of how to handle poor or non‐existent government funding for public libraries. This situation has led many librarians over the years to explore the possibility of raising additional funds from alternative sources of income.Design/methodology/approachThe author takes this dramatic situation and spins this as a way to productively work with whatever givens still exist, be they staff, resources, technology, etc. On identifying needs and shortcomings, others can find where they can still provide information services, yet in new and innovative ways.FindingsRevenue streams may gain and reduce, but library users can remain a constant vibrancy in a community. This increasingly sophisticated demand for services and programs demands a parallel creativity of the library profession to develop programs and services, and find funding for them.Originality/valueThe author provides four practical points of how to deal with state financial losses, both in narrative examples and a checklist form. The findings are illustrative and can be replicated in a variety of public, special and academic library settings.
Financial responsibilities of library boards
Authors: Holt Glen E. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeTo guide library directors and their boards when financial issues arise – especially in finding a good balance on the level of involvement that the library board should have.Design/methodology/approachUses a list of nine key responsibilities that can guide library board members when they deal with library finances.FindingsIt is impossible to have a library board and not have it involved in financial issues important to the management of the institution. Without proper guidance and management, board members cannot participate with the library in these issues in a meaningful way.Originality/valueBy listing nine responsibilities as examples, library directors can determine what responsibilities they want for their boards, and avoid some problems others have witnessed in other boards.
Revitalizing inner city retail?
Authors: Lowe Michelle 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the West Quay shopping centre development on the city of Southampton.Design/methodology/approachThe West Quay scheme parallels recent high‐profile openings of “regional shopping centres” in city centre locations (e.g. Birmingham's Bullring and Reading's Oracle), and like those centres has had a significant impact on the image and external appeal of the city. Using a combination of material from personal interviews with key players in the Southampton retail scene, statistical data collected by Hammerson (the owners of West Quay), and city centre health check information, the paper offers an assessment of the impact of the regional in‐town centre on Southampton more broadly and on the city centre specifically.FindingsEvidence suggests that the local effects of the centre's opening have not been as detrimental as was feared and that West Quay appears to be generating considerable synergy with Southampton's existing city centre. In addition, there are a number of important developments in the pipeline that owe theirraison d'êtreto West Quay.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper does not record the views of consumers and a future task must be to document and evaluate consumer's opinions of West Quay and incorporate these insights into future assessments of regional in‐town centres.Originality/valueThe paper provides a benchmark of “impacts” to date and a resource for other cities with similar in‐town schemes moving forward.
Implementing the Disability Discrimination Act 1995
Authors: Schmidt Ruth Ä. , Jones Peter , Oldfield Brenda M. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeAt the time of the imminent implementation of the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) 1995, Part III, this paper aims to raise awareness both amongst retail and marketing academics and practitioners of the opportunities and potential marketing benefits inherent in the implementation of the Act.Design/methodology/approachA review of the UK disabled sector and the implications of DDA Stage III for retailers and service marketers is combined with an observational case study of shopping facilities for the mobility impaired shopper in a Manchester city centre and out‐of‐town location, complemented by interviews with Shopmobility representatives.FindingsFindings provide an observational insight into the status quo of the implementation of the Act. Questions are raised concerning potential retailer responses on a continuum between mere compliance and enthusiastic commitment to the enhancement of servicescapes to the benefit of all. The role of different stakeholders and the potential contribution to location marketing are discussed.Research limitations/implicationsInsights are based on systematically gathered observational data representing one person's experience at one point in time and in a specific location, validated via key informant interviews with two representatives of Shopmobility services. They can therefore be seen as exploratory only. Furthermore the focus is on mobility impairment, which is only one of a wide range of disabilities.Practical implicationsImplications for marketers include the need to move away from treating this market as separate from the mainstream and realize opportunities for enhancing servicescapes and retail offerings in ways which would benefit the wider population as well.Originality/valueThrough its qualitative case study approach the paper represents a rich snapshot of the retail offering in two Manchester locations on the eve of the implementation of DDA Part III, as seen from the point of view of a scooter based shopper.
Improving university library electronic services
Authors: Falcone Santa , Rivera Michael 
Published: August 2005

PurposeTo identify important features of a method to evaluate and improve university electronic library services.Design/methodology/approachThree iterations of the survey instrument designed by the Association of Research Libraries and two usability studies were conducted at the University of New Mexico Libraries.FindingsThe findings of three LibQUAL+TM surveys (2001, 2002, and 2003) and two usability studies (in 2001 and 2003) at the University of New Mexico (UNM) are presentedResearch limitations/implicationsThe small number of demographic measures on the usability instrument prevented analyzing whether any demographic variables influenced user outcomes and the small number of participants in the usability studies (while useful for the purpose of the studies) was too small for statistical analysis.Practical implicationsUsing the findings and the experience of applying the results of the usability studies, recommendations are made for an improved usability instrument that is more targeted.Originality/valueThis paper provides information to library managers who desire to evaluate and improve their library's electronic resource service provision and offers practical help to conduct a usability study.