bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Power‐Density and Excellent‐Flexibility Thermoelectric Generator Based on All‐SWCNTs/PVP Composites
Authors: Zhang Lin , Shang Hongjing , Zou Qi , Feng Changping , Gu Hongwei , Ding Fazhu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFlexible polymer/single‐wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) composites are a vital component for wearable/portable electronics, but the development of their n‐type counterpart is laggard. Furthermore, little attention is paid to the interaction between SWCNT and polymers, especially the unconjugated polymers, as well as the conversion mechanism of conduction characteristics. Here, the n‐type flexible SWCNTs/Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) films are successfully fabricated, where the oxygen atoms in PVP interacted with SWCNT via hydrogen bonds, which can lower the energy barrier of electron tunneling, providing the pathway for the electron transfer. Furthermore, with the increasing synthesis temperature, the hydrogen bonds strengthened and the thermal activation energy further improved, both of which enhanced the electron‐donating ability of PVP, resulting in a high‐power‐factor value of 260 µW m−1 K−2. Based on the optimized SWCNTs/PVP films, a thermoelectric module is assembled, which achieved a power density of 400 µW cm−2 at a temperature difference of 56 K, coupled with excellent flexibility, showing a less than 1% variation of resistance after 5000 bending cycles. It shows the highest output‐performance and the best flexibility among the reported SWCNT‐based thermoelectric modules. This work provides significant insights into the interaction mechanism and performance optimization of hybrid thermoelectric composites, based on SWCNTs/unconjugated polymers.
Visual Recognition of Volatile Organic Compounds by Photonic Nose Integrated with Multiple Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Gao Lei , Kou Donghui , Lin Ruicheng , Ma Wei , Zhang Shufen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe photonic nose inspired by the olfactory system is an integrated detection platform constructed by multiple sensing units as channels. However, in the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the sensing results that cannot be directly readable and the poor ability to distinguish analytes with similar chemical properties are the main challenges faced by this sensor. Here, 8 metal‐organic frameworks (MOF)‐based photonic crystals are used as the basic sensing units to construct a photonic nose detection platform. The microscopic adsorption of VOCs by MOFs enables the photonic crystals (PCs) to produce macroscopic structural color output, and further makes the photonic nose have specific color fingerprints for different VOCs, the response time of all PCs to VOCs can be within 1 s. Through the color fingerprint, the visual identification of VOCs produced by 5 common solvent vapors is realized, and 9 VOCs with similar chemical properties are further distinguished. In addition, the application potential of the photonic nose in the actual environment is verified by identifying different contents of benzene in the paint. It is envisaged that the MOF‐based photonic nose has great reference value for the development of intelligent and multi‐component synergistic functional gas sensors.
Enhancing NIR‐II Upconversion Monochromatic Emission for Temperature Sensing
Authors: Liu Xiaomeng , Liu Tongtong , Tu Langping , Zuo Jing , Li Jiaqi , Feng Yansong , Yao Chang‐jiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe upconversion luminescence (UCL) in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) is highly attractive due to its excellent performance in high‐resolution bioimaging, anticounterfeiting, and temperature sensing. However, upconvertion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are normally emitted in visible light, potentially impacting the imaging quality. Here, a monochromatic Er3+‐rich (NaErF4:x%Yb@NaYF4) nanoparticles with excitation at 1532 nm and emission at 978 nm is proposed, both situated in the NIR‐II region. The proper proportion of Yb3+ ions doping has a positive effect on the NIR‐II emission, by enhancing the cross relaxation efficiency and accelerating the energy transfer rate. Owing to the interaction between the Er3+ and Yb3+ is inhibited at low temperatures, the UCL emission intensities at visible and NIR‐II regions show opposite trend with temperature changing, which establishes a fitting formula to derive temperature from the luminous intensity ratio, promoting the potential application of UCL in NIR‐II regions for the temperature sensing.
3D Dense Encapsulated Architecture of 2D Bi Nanosheets Enabling Potassium‐Ion Storage with Superior Volumetric and Areal Capacities
Authors: Wang Bingchun , Shi Liwen , Zhou Yiru , Wang Xinying , Liu Xi , Shen Dijun , Yang Qian , Xiao Shengfu , Zhang Jiacheng , Li Yunyong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract2D alloy‐based anodes show promise in potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). Nevertheless, their low tap density and huge volume expansion cause insufficient volumetric capacity and cycling stability. Herein, a 3D highly dense encapsulated architecture of 2D‐Bi nanosheets (HD‐Bi@G) with conducive elastic networks and 3D compact encapsulation structure of 2D nano‐sheets are developed. As expected, HD‐Bi@G anode exhibits a considerable volumetric capacity of 1032.2 mAh cm−3, stable long‐life span with 75% retention after 2000 cycles, superior rate capability of 271.0 mAh g−1 at 104 C, and high areal capacity of 7.94 mAh cm−2 (loading: 24.2 mg cm−2) in PIBs. The superior volumetric and areal performance mechanisms are revealed through systematic kinetic investigations, ex situ characterization techniques, and theorical calculation. The 3D high‐conductivity elastic network with dense encapsulated 2D‐Bi architecture effectively relieves the volume expansion and pulverization of Bi nanosheets, maintains internal 2D structure with fast kinetics, and overcome sluggish ionic/electronic diffusion obstacle of ultra‐thick, dense electrodes. The uniquely encapsulated 2D‐nanosheet structure greatly reduces K+ diffusion energy barrier and accelerates K+ diffusion kinetics. These findings validate a feasible approach to fabricate 3D dense encapsulated architectures of 2D‐alloy nanosheets with conductive elastic networks, enabling the design of ultra‐thick, dense electrodes for high‐volumetric‐energy‐density energy storage.
Advances in Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries based on Conversion Mechanism: Challenges, Strategies, and Prospects
Authors: Xu Huiting , Yang Wenyue , Li Meng , Liu Huibin , Gong Siqi , Zhao Fan , Li Chunli , Qi Junjie , Wang Honghai , Peng Wenchao , Liu Jiapeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecently, aqueous zinc‐ion batteries with conversion mechanisms have received wide attention in energy storage systems on account of excellent specific capacity, high power density, and energy density. Unfortunately, some characteristics of cathode material, zinc anode, and electrolyte still limit the development of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries possessing conversion mechanism. Consequently, this paper provides a detailed summary of the development for numerous aqueous zinc‐based batteries: zinc‐sulfur (Zn‐S) batteries, zinc‐selenium (Zn‐Se) batteries, zinc‐tellurium (Zn‐Te) batteries, zinc‐iodine (Zn‐I2) batteries, and zinc‐bromine (Zn‐Br2) batteries. Meanwhile, the reaction conversion mechanism of zinc‐based batteries with conversion mechanism and the research progress in the investigation of composite cathode, zinc anode materials, and selection of electrolytes are systematically introduced. Finally, this review comprehensively describes the prospects and outlook of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries with conversion mechanism, aiming to promote the rapid development of aqueous zinc‐based batteries.
Semi‐Coherent Heterointerface Engineering via In Situ Phase Transition for Enhanced Sodium/Lithium‐Ions Storage
Authors: Xu Haoran , Meng Qi , Yan Tengxin , Wang Ziyi , Xiong Ya , Wu Shaowen , Han Ye , Dong Shihua , Tian Jian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo improve ion transport kinetics and electronic conductivity between the different phases in sodium/lithium‐ion battery (LIB/SIB) anodes, heterointerface engineering is considered as a promising strategy due to the strong built‐in electric field. However, the lattice mismatch and defects in the interphase structure can lead to large grain boundary resistance, reducing the ion transport kinetics and electronic conductivity. Herein, monometallic selenide Fe3Se4‐Fe7Se8 semi‐coherent heterointerface embedded in 3D connected Nitrogen‐doped carbon yolk–shell matrix (Fe3Se4‐Fe7Se8@NC) is obtained via an in situ phase transition process. Such semi‐coherent heterointerface between Fe3Se4 and Fe7Se8 shows the matched interfacial lattice and strong built‐in electric field, resulting in the low interface impedance and fast reaction kinetics. Moreover, the yolk–shell structure is designed to confine all monometallic selenide Fe3Se4–Fe7Se8 semi‐coherent heterointerface nanoparticles, improving the structural stability and inhibiting the volume expansion effect. In particular, the 3D carbon bridge between multi‐yolks shell structure improves the electronic conductivity and shortens the ion transport path. Therefore, the efficient reversible pseudocapacitance and electrochemical conversion reaction are enabled by the Fe3Se4–Fe7Se8@NC, leading to the high specific capacity of 439 mAh g−1 for SIB and 1010 mAh g−1 for LIB. This work provides a new strategy for constructing heterointerface of the anode for secondary batteries.
Updated German guideline on diagnosis and treatment of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus
Authors: Porschen Rainer , Fischbach Wolfgang , Gockel Ines , Hollerbach Stephan , Hölscher Arnulf , Jansen Petra Lynen , Miehlke Stephan , Pech Oliver , Stahl Michael , Vanhoefer Udo , Ebert Matthias P. A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDiagnosis and therapy of esophageal carcinoma is challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach. The purpose of the updated German guideline “Diagnosis and Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus—version 3.1” is to provide practical and evidence‐based advice for the management of patients with esophageal cancer. Recommendations were developed by a multidisciplinary expert panel based on an extensive and systematic evaluation of the published medical literature and the application of well‐established methodologies (e.g. Oxford evidence grading scheme, grading of recommendations). Accurate diagnostic evaluation of the primary tumor as well as lymph node and distant metastases is required in order to guide patients to a stage‐appropriate therapy after the initial diagnosis of esophageal cancer. In high‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia or mucosal carcinoma endoscopic resection shall be performed. Whether endoscopic resection is the definitive therapeutic measure depends on the histopathological evaluation of the resection specimen. Esophagectomy should be performed minimally invasive or in combination with open procedures (hybrid technique). Because the prognosis in locally advanced esophageal carcinoma is poor with surgery alone, multimodality therapy is recommended. In locally advanced adenocarcinomas of the esophagus or esophagogastric junction, perioperative chemotherapy or preoperative radiochemotherapy should be administered. In locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus, preoperative radiochemotherapy followed by complete resection or definitive radiochemotherapy without surgery should be performed. In the case of residual tumor in the resection specimen after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and R0 resection of squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma, adjuvant immunotherapy with nivolumab should be given. Systemic palliative treatment options (chemotherapy, chemotherapy plus immunotherapy, immunotherapy alone) in unresectable or metastastic esophageal cancer depend on histology and are stratified according to PD‐L1 and/or Her2 expression.
Active travel infrastructure design and implementation: Insights from behavioral science
Authors: Timmons Shane , Andersson Ylva , McGowan Féidhlim P. , Lunn Peter D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractReplacing car travel with walking and cycling is at the core of the shift to healthier and more sustainable societies. Implementing dedicated infrastructure is a common measure to achieve this aim. But policymakers in multiple countries regularly contend with two obstacles: designing infrastructure that people will make use of and securing public support for implementation. We review and synthesize relevant research from behavioral science that sheds light on how to overcome these two obstacles. Given available literature, we focus on cycling infrastructure. We find that research on moderators of the success of active travel initiatives points to the importance of proximity, connectivity, and safety perceptions, particularly among women, older adults and children. We review empirical findings on which design elements make infrastructure both safe to use and perceived as safe. With respect to public support, we summarize common concerns and review research from behavioral economics and psychology that may help to counter misperceptions of the effects of active travel infrastructure. We also draw on evidence regarding support for climate policy and opinion formation more generally. The paper offers an evidence‐based guide for policymakers to design and implement active travel infrastructure, seen through the lens of behavioral science. It also highlights fruitful avenues for future research.This article is categorized under:
Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Behavior Change and Responses
The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Policies, Instruments, Lifestyles, Behavior
Policy and Governance > Governing Climate Change in Communities, Cities, and Regions
Effect of Saudi's updated health insurance policy: 4‐Year comparative study pre and post implementation
Authors: AlHadlaq Abdulmajeed Saad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study examines the impact of Saudi Arabia's updated Unified Health Insurance Policy, implemented in 2018, over a 4‐year period. The objective is to assess its effects on key indicators in the health insurance sector, including gross written premiums (GWPs), insurance penetration, gross claims paid by health insurance, and insurance density. Quantitative data from official sources, including the Saudi Central Bank and the Council of Health Insurance (CHI), were analyzed. A two‐sample t‐test was employed to compare pre implementation (2014–2017) and post implementation (2019–2022) periods for selected indicators. The study found a significant increase in GWPs, suggesting heightened revenue generation for insurers, likely due to increased demand, adjusted pricing strategies, and expanded coverage. Insurance penetration notably widened, indicating improved accessibility, driven by awareness campaigns and subsidies. Gross claims paid by health insurance increased significantly, showing insurers disbursing more funds to cover healthcare costs. However, there was no significant impact on insurance density, highlighting the need for additional strategies to extend coverage. Saudi Arabia's updated Unified Health Insurance Policy has yielded transformative effects, enhancing accessibility and affordability. It has increased revenue generation, improved insurance penetration, and raised the amount paid by insurers to cover healthcare costs. The policy's impact on insurance density is limited, necessitating further efforts to extend coverage. These findings have significant policy implications, urging policymakers to refine healthcare policies and insurers to adapt to new revenue prospects, promising better overall health outcomes for the population. Further comprehensive research is essential to validate these conclusions and explore broader policy impacts.
Null Raychaudhuri: canonical structure and the dressing time
Authors: Ciambelli Luca , Freidel Laurent , Leigh Robert G. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We initiate a study of gravity focusing on generic null hypersurfaces, non-perturbatively in the Newton coupling. We present an off-shell account of the extended phase space of the theory, which includes the expected spin-2 data as well as spin-0, spin-1 and arbitrary matter degrees of freedom. We construct the charges and the corresponding kinematic Poisson brackets, employing a Beltrami parameterization of the spin-2 modes. We explicitly show that the constraint algebra closes, the details of which depend on the non-perturbative mixing between spin-0 and spin-2 modes. Finally we show that the spin zero sector encodes a notion of a clock, called dressing time, which is dynamical and conjugate to the constraint.It is well-known that the null Raychaudhuri equation describes how the geometric data of a null hypersurface evolve in null time in response to gravitational radiation and external matter. Our analysis leads to three complementary viewpoints on this equation. First, it can be understood as a Carrollian stress tensor conservation equation. Second, we construct spin-0, spin-2 and matter stress tensors that act as generators of null time reparametrizations for each sector. This leads to the perspective that the null Raychaudhuri equation can be understood as imposing that the sum of CFT-like stress tensors vanishes. Third, we solve the Raychaudhuri constraint non-perturbatively. The solution relates the dressing time to the spin-2 and matter boost charge operators.Finally we establish that the corner charge corresponding to the boost operator in the dressing time frame is monotonic. These results show that the notion of an observer can be thought of as emerging from the gravitational degrees of freedom themselves. We briefly mention that the construction offers new insights into focusing conjectures.
Nonanalyticity and on-shell factorization of inflation correlators at all loop orders
Authors: Qin Zhehan , Xianyu Zhong-Zhi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The dynamics of quantum fields during cosmic inflation can be probed via their late-time boundary correlators. The analytic structure of these boundary correlators contains rich physical information of bulk dynamics, and is also closely related to cosmological collider observables. In this work, we study a particular type of nonanalytic behavior, called nonlocal signals, for inflation correlators with massive exchanges at arbitrary loop orders. We propose a signal-detection algorithm to identify all possible sources of nonlocal signals in an arbitrary loop graph, and prove that the algorithm is exhaustive. We then present several versions of the on-shell factorization theorem for the leading nonlocal signal in graphs with arbitrary number of loops, and provide the explicit analytical expression for the leading nonlocal signal. We also generalize the nonlocal-signal cutting rule to arbitrary loop graphs. Finally, we provide many explicit examples to demonstrate the use of our results, including an n-loop melon graph and a variety of 2-loop graphs.
Automated machine tool dynamics identification for predicting milling stability charts in industrial applications
Authors: Ostad Ali Akbari Vahid , Schuppisser Christian , Kuffa Michal , Wegener Konrad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs the machine tool dynamics at the tooltip is a crucial input for chatter prediction, obtaining these dynamics for industrial applications is neither feasible through experimental impact testing for numerous tool-holder-spindle combinations nor feasible through physics-based modeling of the entire machine tool due to their sophisticated complexities and calibrations. Hence, the often-chosen path is a mathematical coupling of experimentally measured machine tool dynamics to model-predicted tool-holder dynamics. This paper introduces a novel measurement device for the experimental characterization of machine tool dynamics. The device can be simply mounted to the spindle flange to automatically capture the corresponding dynamics at the machine tool side, eliminating the need for expertise and time-consuming setup efforts thus presenting a viable solution for industries. The effectiveness of this method is evaluated against conventional spindle receptance measurement attempts using impact tests. The obtained results are further validated in the prediction of tooltip dynamics and stability boundaries.
Histomolekulare Klassifikation des Urothelkarzinoms der Harnblase
Authors: Stoll Alexandra K. , Koll Florestan J. , Eckstein Markus , Reis Henning , Flinner Nadine , Wild Peter J. , Triesch Jochen 
Published: January 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Muskelinvasive Urothelkarzinome (MIUC) der Harnblase repräsentieren ca. 25 % aller Urothelkarzinome (UC) und weisen eine 5‑Jahres-Überlebensrate von ca. 50 % auf. Bisher haben Erkenntnisse aus der molekularen Klassifikation der MIUCs noch keinen Einfluss auf die klinische Praxis genommen.

Ziel
Ziel der Arbeit ist die Vorhersage molekularer Konsensus-Subtypen in MIUCs mittels Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) anhand histologischer Hämatoxylin-Eosin(HE)-Schnitte.

Material und Methoden
Durchgeführt wurde ein pathologisches Review und die Annotation von Tumorarealen in der Bladder-Cancer(BLCA)-Kohorte (N = 412) des „The Cancer Genome Atlas“ (TCGA) und der BLCA-Kohorte (N = 181) des Dr. Senckenbergischen Instituts für Pathologie (SIP). Anhand der annotierten Histomorphologie zur Vorhersage molekularer Subtypen wurde ein KI-Modell trainiert.

Ergebnisse
In einer 5fachen Kreuzvalidierung mit TCGA-Fällen (N = 274), internem TCGA-Testset (N = 18) und externem SIP-Testset (N = 27) erreichten wir durchschnittliche Werte der „area under the receiver operating characteristic curve“ (AUROC) von jeweils 0,73, 0,8 und 0,75 zur Klassifikation der verwendeten molekularen Subtypen „luminal“, „basal/squamous“ und „stroma-rich“. Durch Training auf Korrelationen zu einzelnen molekularen Subtypen statt auf eine Subtypzuordnung pro Fall konnte die KI-Vorhersage von Subtypen signifikant verbessert werden.

Diskussion
Nachfolgestudien mit RNA-Extraktion aus verschiedenen Bereichen KI-vorhergesagter molekularer Heterogenität könnten molekulare Klassifikationen und damit die darauf trainierten KI-Modelle verbessern.