bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Innovation Hubs: Experiences of Incubators as Promoters of Territorial Development and Urban Regeneration
Authors: Coscarello Mario 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study explores the intersection of social innovation, universities, and territorial dynamics, focusing on how these elements foster the development of social innovation hubs, specifically university incubators. Addressing gaps in existing literature, the research examines the institutional configurations, power relations, and strategies that support these processes, with a particular emphasis on the mutual relationship between social innovation and spatialisation processes. The research involved a comparative analysis of university incubators in Brazil, Argentina, and Italy, regions with significant yet distinct experiences of social innovation environments. Quantitative research analyzed 186 incubators in Brazil, 91 in Argentina, and 197 in Italy, followed by qualitative case studies of five incubators (two each in Brazil and Argentina, and one in Italy) deemed particularly relevant. The study employed qualitative methods, including biographical reconstructions of innovators and assessments of incubation approaches, to identify governance models of social incubators. Key findings reveal that in Latin American contexts, social incubators emerged as responses to economic crises, initially fostering grassroots solidarity and later serving as mechanisms for job creation and economic regeneration. The Brazilian and Argentinian incubators demonstrated a participatory and circular governance model, aligning with the Open Innovation paradigm, while the Italian case displayed a more unidirectional approach from university to territory. All the analyzed cases highlighted the critical role of universities in weaving relational networks among diverse actors, including educators, students, technicians, local businesses, artisans, and marginalized community members. This aligns with an infrastructuring approach that transcends traditional stakeholder frameworks, fostering ecosystem-based incubation to promote social and territorial innovation. The Latin American experiences were particularly notable for engaging traditionally marginalized actors through participatory methodologies, confirming the efficacy of quadruple and quintuple helix models in transforming social relations. Despite these advancements, the Italian case struggled to empower local actors fully, reflecting challenges in achieving capability-building—a key element in social innovation. The study identifies specific capabilities required to involve territorial actors in the quintuple helix model and emphasizes the importance of participatory, inclusive, and collaborative governance in transforming social relations to achieve economic, psychological, social, and political empowerment. While offering valuable insights into university-led social incubators, the study calls for further exploration of diverse forms of social innovation hubs across broader contexts and countries.
Imaging Mofette Structures in the Ohře Rift System, Czech Republic, Using Radio-Magnetotelluric Data
Authors: Rulff Paula , Weckmann Ute , Kalscheuer Thomas , Willkommen Gregor , Buntin Laura Maria , Platz Anna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The pathways of fluids and mantle-originated carbon dioxide in the seismically active Ohře (Eger) Rift system appearing as mofettes at the surface are currently subject to investigation, especially by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program “Drilling the Eger Rift”. If the aquifers show significant contrast in electrical resistivity to the host rocks, they can be investigated with geo-electromagnetic methods. However, imaging complex fluid and CO2 pathways in detail in near-surface structures is challenging, because, in contrast to the background stratigraphy, they are often oriented in near-vertical directions. Therefore, we aim to investigate how the shallow aquifer structures can be examined best with an inductive electromagnetic method. For this purpose, we collected radio-magnetotelluric data in the Hartoušov mofette field and evaluated them by two- and three-dimensional inversions. Data from a nearby magnetotelluric station, drill hole data, gas flux measurements and electrical resistivity tomography models were used to assess the reliability and robustness of our inversion results. We concluded that the near-surface fluid reservoirs are adequately depictable, while the migration paths of gaseous CO2 cannot be traced properly due to a lack of resistivity contrast. Our model analyses suggest that imaging the given geological setting with fluids and gases ascending in anastomosing pathways benefits from a fine-scale three-dimensional inversion approach because the fluids mostly appear as local conductive reservoir-like anomalies, which can be falsely projected onto the profiles during inversion in two dimensions. The resistivity models contribute with detailed images of the near-surface aquifers to the geodynamic model of the Ohře Rift.
Reduced GIRK expression in midbrain dopamine neurons during prolonged abstinence from fentanyl self-administration
Authors: Pachenari Narges , Channell Amy L. , Belilos Andrew J. , Dienel Samuel J. , Moussawi Khaled 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Rationale
Despite decades of research and medical development, relapse to drug seeking continues to be a significant challenge in the treatment of substance use disorders. GABAB receptor (GABAB-R) agonists have been shown preclinically to inhibit relapse by acting on midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons and are sometimes used off-label for the treatment of alcohol use disorder. Studies in rodent models show reduced GABAB-R signaling in DA neurons after exposure to stimulants. Similarly, our recent data demonstrated reduced GABAB-R currents in DA neurons during prolonged abstinence from fentanyl vapor self-administration (SA). However, the mechanism of opioid-induced changes in GABAB-R currents is not well understood. In addition, GABAB-R agonists are plagued with a plethora of side effects limiting their potential clinical use.

Objectives
In this study we aimed to answer the following questions: first, can we use GABAB-R positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) to inhibit relapse to opioid seeking? Secondly, how do opioids result in reduced GABAB-R signaling during prolonged abstinence?

Approach
To this end, we tested the effects of a novel GABAB-R PAM (KK-92A) on reinstatement of drug seeking in a rat model of intravenous (IV) fentanyl SA. Using in situ hybridization with RNAscope, we examined the effects of opioids on mRNA levels of various genes involved in GABAB-R signaling, in two rodent models of opioid addiction including a rat model of IV fentanyl SA and a mouse model of fentanyl vapor SA.

Results
Our results show that KK-92A inhibits relapse to fentanyl but not sucrose-seeking in rats, and fentanyl SA results in reduced mRNA levels of the G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel subtypes 2 and 3 (GIRK2/3).

Conclusion
These findings suggest that PAMs like KK-92A are a potential therapeutic strategy for opioid use disorder and their effect is likely due to rectifying GABAB-R mediated inhibition of midbrain DA neurons, which is reduced after opioid SA due to reduced GIRK2/3 expression.
Comparison of locking plate and conservative treatment in elderly patients with displaced proximal humerus fractures
Authors: Bezirgan Uğur , Kısmet Malik , Kıratlıoğlu Yusuf , Yalçın Mehmet , Armangil Mehmet 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to compare the outcomes of conservative treatment and locking plate osteosynthesis in displaced proximal humerus fractures in elderly patients.

Methods
The study included patients over the age of 60 who were admitted to a tertiary trauma centre between 2020 and 2023, all diagnosed with 2-, 3-, or 4-part proximal humerus fractures. A total of 45 patients underwent either conservative management or locking plate fixation. In the older cohort, patients with Neer Type 2–4 fractures were treated conservatively using Velpeau immobilization. Displaced fractures, specifically 3- and 4-part fractures per the Neer classification, were treated surgically with locking plate fixation. Functional outcomes were evaluated using the Constant Shoulder score, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, with a minimum follow-up period of one year. Radiographic assessment focused on varus collapse, medial cortex displacement, greater tubercle displacement, absence of fracture lines, and callus formation. Complications, including nonunion, malunion, and avascular necrosis, were also recorded.

Results
Of the 45 patients, 22 underwent locking plate fixation (Group A), while 23 were managed conservatively (Group B). In terms of fracture type, 20 patients were classified as Neer Type 2, 23 as Neer Type 3, and 2 as Neer Type 4. The mean patient age was 73.38 years. Functional scores (DASH, ASES, and Constant) were similar between the two groups, and no significant differences were observed in radiographic parameters. However, complications were significantly more frequent in the locking plate group compared to the conservative group. Two patients who underwent surgery experienced nonunion at the humeral neck. Additionally, secondary surgery was required in one patient due to postoperative infection and in another due to screw penetration into the joint. While no correlation was found between humeral neck malunions and functional outcomes, a negative correlation was observed between tubercle malunions and functional scores.

Conclusion
In elderly patients with proximal humerus fractures, no significant differences in functional outcomes were observed between locking plate fixation and conservative treatment. However, locking plate fixation was associated with a higher incidence of complications and secondary surgeries. Thus, it appears that locking plate fixation does not offer superior outcomes compared to conservative management in this patient population.
Local clinical practice patterns in urolithiasis guidelines: a critical evaluation from Turkey
Authors: Sarica Kemal , Güzel Rasim , Bayraktar Zeki , Yildirim Salih , Yasar Hikmet , Sarica Göksu , Sahın Cahit 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the current clinical practice patterns regarding the utilization of “Urolithiasis Guidelines” in Turkey and to identify critical factors influencing their application by urologists.

Methods
The study targeted practicing urologists in Turkey, primarily those involved in the management of urolithiasis, to assess their perspectives and experiences regarding the clinical application of established guidelines. A total of 415 urology specialists were invited to participate in a survey-based study conducted via Google Forms. Participation was voluntary, and 65.08% of the invited urologists completed the survey.

Results
Among the respondents, 84.7% reported utilizing the available guidelines in their routine clinical practice, with varying frequencies of reference. The primary motivations for guideline use were the prevention of potential complications and the avoidance of legal risks, as indicated by 90.5% of respondents. While 56.9% of participants adhered to the guidelines as a clinically standardized practice, 41.6% reported applying the recommendations on a case-by-case basis. Notably, 41.0% of respondents emphasized the need for locally adapted versions of guideline texts. Additionally, nearly half of the participants reported receiving no formal education or training on the significance, content, and practical application of these guidelines. Furthermore, 12.7% expressed skepticism about the evidence-based foundation of the guidelines, questioning whether the recommendations were derived from rigorously conducted studies.

Conclusion
The available urolithiasis guidelines are recognized as valuable resources offering key recommendations for the effective and safe management of urolithiasis. However, findings from this survey highlight significant variability in clinical practice patterns due to local conditions and the individual experience and attitudes of practicing urologists. The application of guideline recommendations is further influenced by perceptions regarding their development, content, and practicality. Insights gathered from this study may contribute to improving the preparation, dissemination, and implementation of urolithiasis guidelines, particularly in adapting them to local clinical settings.
A retrospective cohort study of laparoscopic enhanced view totally extra-peritoneal Rives-Stoppa (eTEP-RS) repair of incisional ventral hernias in patients with morbid obesity
Authors: Rayman Shlomi , Molham Mohamad , Orgad Ran , Gelman Hana , Gorgov Eliyahu , Mnouskin Youri 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Incisional hernia (IH) repair in morbidly obese (MO) patients poses significant challenges due to higher risks of complications and recurrence. Traditional open repairs are linked to increased morbidity, driving interest in minimally invasive techniques. The enhanced view totally extra-peritoneal Rives-Stoppa (eTEP-RS) technique shows promise as a laparoscopic method for IH repair, but data on its efficacy and safety in MO patients are limited. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of the eTEP-RS approach specifically for IH repair in this high-risk population.

Methods
Analysis of a retrospective cohort of consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic eTEP-RS for IH repair between 2017 and 2022 which included 135 patients, categorized into two groups based on body mass index (BMI): the MO group (BMI > 35 kg/m2) and the control group (BMI ≤ 35 kg/m2). We compared demographics, comorbidities, hernia characteristics, intra-operative data, post-operative outcomes, and hernia recurrence rates.

Results
Patients in the MO group had significantly more type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 18, 51% vs n = 25, 25%; p = 0.004), hypertension (n = 35, 73% vs n = 75, 53%; p = 0.017), dyslipidemia (n = 29, 60% vs n = 58, 41%; p = 0.021), ASA score 3 (n = 18, 52% vs n = 23, 23%; p = 0.004), a history of previous umbilical hernia repair (n = 13, 27% vs n = 13, 9.2%; p = 0.002), and bariatric surgery (n = 10, 29% vs n = 13, 13%; p = 0.035). There were no differences in intra-operative characteristics, operative times, or intra-operative complications between groups. During a median follow-up period of 1 year (IQR 40–680 days), there were no differences in hernia recurrence (n = 2, 5.7% vs n = 9, 9%; p = 0.07), time to recurrence, or chronic analgesia usage between groups.

Conclusion
The laparoscopic eTEP-RS approach was safe and effective for IH repair in patients with MO, demonstrating comparable post-operative outcomes and recurrence rates to those with a lower BMI in a selected cohort of patients.
Identification of the difference threshold for sequential curvature gain variations of redirected walking
Authors: Lee Chang-Gyu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Redirected walking was developed so that humans can experience a relatively large virtual space while walking through a relatively small real space. Then, follow-up studies were conducted to find detection and difference thresholds to prevent human perception of redirection. Based on these values, the human perception of redirection can be prevented by limiting the redirection magnitude or the variation magnitude of redirection. However, when the desired curvature gain is two or three times greater than the difference threshold, it should be divided and presented during more than two sequential sampling intervals. Meanwhile, it has not been revealed how the difference threshold changes when a curvature gain variation smaller than the difference threshold occurs during more than two sequential sampling intervals. Therefore, through psychophysical study, this paper found the difference threshold when a curvature gain variation smaller than the difference threshold is presented for more than two sequential sampling intervals. As a result, the difference threshold was found to be 2.36
$$^\circ $$
/m when the reference curvature gain was between 1.5
$$^\circ $$
/m and 3.5
$$^\circ $$
/m. This value is not significantly different from the difference threshold when curvature gain variation is presented without considering the difference threshold. In the future, we plan to identify difference threshold when the curvature gain variation that is smaller than the difference threshold occurs discontinuously.
Generalised André-Pink-Zannier conjecture for Shimura varieties of Abelian type
Authors: Richard Rodolphe , Yafaev Andrei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper we prove the generalised André-Pink-Zannier conjecture (an important case of the Zilber-Pink conjecture) for all Shimura varieties of abelian type. Questions of this type were first asked by Y. André in 1989. We actually prove a general statement for all Shimura varieties, subject to certain assumptions that are satisfied for Shimura varieties of abelian type and are expected to hold in general. We also prove another result, a

$p$

p

-adic Kempf-Ness theorem, on the relation between good reduction of homogeneous spaces over

$p$

p

-adic integers with Mumford stability property in

$p$

p

-adic geometric invariant theory.
Active Arm Swing During Running Improves Rotational Stability of the Upper Body and Metabolic Energy Efficiency
Authors: Koo Young-Jun , Ogihara Naomichi , Koo Seungbum 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The kinematic benefits of arm swing during running for upper body stability have been previously investigated, while its role in metabolic energy efficiency remains controversial. To address this, this study aimed to test the hypothesis that active arm swing during running reduces both torso angular motion around the longitudinal axis and metabolic energy consumption.

Methods
We employed forward dynamics musculoskeletal running simulations with different arm conditions to investigate the hypothesis. Full-body musculoskeletal running models, incorporating 150 muscles, were developed using artificial neural network-based running controllers. Three arm conditions were simulated using the running models and controllers: active arm swing, passive arm swing, and fixed arms.

Results
Our results revealed that the active arm swing model demonstrated the lowest total metabolic energy consumption per traveling distance. The costs of transport were 5.52, 5.73, and 5.82 J/kg-m for active, passive, and fixed arm models, respectively. Interestingly, while metabolic energy consumption in the upper limb muscles was higher during active arm swing, the total energy consumption was lower. Additionally, the longitudinal rotation of the torso was minimal in the active arm swing condition.

Conclusion
These findings support our hypothesis, demonstrating that active arm swing during running reduces the angular motion of the torso and the metabolic energy consumption. This study provides evidence that arm swing during running is performed actively as an energy-saving mechanism. These results contribute to understanding of running biomechanics and may have implications for performance optimization in sports and rehabilitation settings.
From bench to bedside: murine models of inherited and sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Ricciardelli Ashely R. , Genet Gael , Genet Nafiisha , McClugage Samuel T. , Kan Peter T. , Hirschi Karen K. , Fish Jason E. , Wythe Joshua D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Brain arteriovenous malformations are abnormal vascular structures in which an artery shunts high pressure blood directly to a vein without an intervening capillary bed. These lesions become highly remodeled over time and are prone to rupture. Historically, brain arteriovenous malformations have been challenging to treat, using primarily surgical approaches. Over the past few decades, the genetic causes of these malformations have been uncovered. These can be divided into (1) familial forms, such as loss of function mutations in TGF-β (BMP9/10) components in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, or (2) sporadic forms, resulting from somatic gain of function mutations in genes involved in the RAS-MAPK signaling pathway. Leveraging these genetic discoveries, preclinical mouse models have been developed to uncover the mechanisms underlying abnormal vessel formation, and thus revealing potential therapeutic targets. Impressively, initial preclinical studies suggest that pharmacological treatments disrupting these aberrant pathways may ameliorate the abnormal pathologic vessel remodeling and inflammatory and hemorrhagic nature of these high-flow vascular anomalies. Intriguingly, these studies also suggest uncontrolled angiogenic signaling may be a major driver in bAVM pathogenesis. This comprehensive review describes the genetics underlying both inherited and sporadic bAVM and details the state of the field regarding murine models of bAVM, highlighting emerging therapeutic targets that may transform our approach to treating these devastating lesions.
Mapping the extent and exploring the drivers of cocoa agroforestry in Nigeria, insights into trends for climate change adaptation
Authors: Koralewicz Anita , Vlcek Jan , Menor Imma Oliveras , Hirons Mark , Akinyugha Akinyemi , Olowoyo Olalekan Sikiru , Ajayi-Ebenezer Mercy , Owen Oliver 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Climate change threatens West Africa’s cocoa sector due to rising temperatures and unpredictable rainfall, exacerbating concerns for environmental degradation and socio-economic challenges. In Nigeria, modernization efforts promoting full-sun cocoa have been linked to deforestation and biodiversity loss. The promotion of traditional cocoa agroforestry methods are regaining interest as an approach to climate adaptation and forest restoration. This case study on Ekiti State, Nigeria, aims to understand the physical extent to which full-sun and agroforestry cocoa practices have been employed, while exploring the complex and interlinked dynamics informing land use decision-making in the area. Remote sensing leveraging tasseled cap indices for Sentinel 2 data were used to delineate cocoa agroforestry from full-sun systems. Interviews with policymakers and local cocoa producers across 15 out of 16 local government areas were analyzed through thematic analysis and descriptive statistics. Agroforestry constituted 18% of Ekiti land while full-sun cocoa covered 13%. Thus, 57% of cocoa cover in Ekiti State was agroforestry. The classification had overall spatial differentiation accuracy of 73.1% with a kappa statistic of 68% indicating substantial agreement strength between the classification and the collected validation data. Interviews were similarly aligned, with 74% of respondents using agroforestry or mixed methods. The continued use, despite government promotion of full-sun methods, suggests limited policy uptake and the enduring value of agroforestry for farmers. This research can contribute to improved monitoring of cocoa-driven tree loss and provide important context for policy and program design to enhance climate change adaptation in similar cocoa producing regions.