bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The levels of immunosuppressive checkpoint protein PD‐L1 and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes were integrated to reveal the glioma tumor microenvironment
Authors: Zhang Weizhong , Liu Li , Liu Xiaoyan , Han Cheng , Li Qun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn spite of significant strides in the realm of cancer biology and therapeutic interventions, the clinical prognosis for patients afflicted with glioblastoma (GBM) remains distressingly dismal. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), a crucial player in the progression, treatment response, and prognostic trajectory of glioma, warrants thorough exploration. Within this intricate microcosm, the immunosuppressive checkpoint protein PD‐L1 and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) emerge as pivotal constituents, underscoring their potential role in deciphering glioma biology and informing treatment strategies. However, prognostic models based on the association between PD‐L1 expression and TIL infiltration in the tumor immune microenvironment have not been established. The aim of this study was to explore TIME genes associated with PD‐L1 expression and TIL invasion and to construct a risk score for predicting the overall survival (OS) of GBM patients based on these genes. The samples were separately classified according to the PD‐L1 expression level and TIL score and TIME‐related genes were identified using differential expression and weighted gene co‐expression network analysis. The DEGs were subjected to least absolute contraction and selection operator (LASSO) ‐Cox regression to construct TIME associated risk score (TIMErisk). A TIMErisk was developed based on STEAP3 and CXCL13 genes. The STLEAP3 was demonstrated to be involved in glioma progression. The results showed that the patients in the high TIMErisk group had poor OS compared with subjects in the low TIMErisk group. The biological phenotypes associated with TIMErisk were analyzed in terms of functional enrichment, tumor immune profile, and tumor mutation profile. The results on tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion dysfunction (TIDE) score and immune surface score (IPS) showed that GBM patients with different TIME risks had different responses to immunotherapy. Tumor purity analysis indicated that PD‐L1 and TIL scores were positively correlated with TIMErisk score and negatively correlated with tumor purity. These results show that the TIMErisk‐based prognostic model had high predictive value for the prognosis and immune characteristics of GBM patients. Immunohistochemical staining images of patients in the high and low TIMErisk groups were analyzed, showing that the degree of immune cell infiltration was higher in the high TIMErisk group relative to the low TIMErisk group. The present study provides a basis for understanding glioma tumor microenvironment and a foundation for conducting comprehensive immunogenomic analysis.
Soluble E‐cadherin participates in BLM‐induced pulmonary fibrosis by promoting EMT and lung fibroblast migration
Authors: Huang Chaowen , Liang Congmin , Tong Jinzhai , Zhong Xueying , Luo Lishan , Liang Liping , Wen Yuting , Zhong Liandi , Deng Jiongrui , Peng Ming , Wu Weiliang , Huang Weijian , Xie Anlun , Huang Yanming , Chen Jialong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSoluble E‐cadherin (sE‐cad) is an 80 kDa fragment derived from E‐cadherin that is shed from the cell surface through proteolytic cleavage and is a biomarker in various cancers that promotes invasion and migration. Alveolar epithelial destruction, aberrant lung fibroblast migration and inflammation contribute to pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we hypothesized that E‐cadherin plays an important role in lung fibrosis. In this study, we found that E‐cadherin was markedly increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum of mice with pulmonary fibrosis and that blocking sE‐cad with HECD‐1, a neutralizing antibody targeting the ectodomain of E‐cadherin, effectively inhibited myofibroblast accumulation and collagen deposition in the lungs after bleomycin (BLM) exposure. Moreover, transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β1) induced the shedding of sE‐cad from A549 cells, and treatment with HECD‐1 inhibited epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) stimulated by TGF‐β1. Fc‐E‐cadherin (Fc‐Ecad), which is an exogenous form of sE‐cad, robustly promoted lung fibroblast migration. E‐cadherin participates in bleomycin (BLM)‐induced lung fibrosis by promoting EMT in the alveolar epithelium and fibroblast activation. E‐cadherin may be a novel therapeutic target for lung fibrosis.
Mitotane treatment for recurrent adrenocortical carcinoma following adrenalectomy in a dog
Authors: Garcia Dominguez Paula , DiBella Andrea 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA dog was referred for investigation into polyuria and polydipsia. Investigations showed a right adrenal mass, adrenalectomy was performed, and histopathology reported a carcinoma with local invasion. Carboplatin was selected as an adjuvant chemotherapy. Initially, did not show signs of recurrence, but 9 months later the clinical signs recurred, and staging was consistent with recurrence of the carcinoma with local hepatic invasion. The mitotane ablative protocol was chosen. Our patient developed mineralocorticoid deficiency 60 days later, but never developed clinical signs of cortisol deficiency as it was started on prednisolone. Kintzer and Peterson reported that dogs with metastatic disease experienced poorer response to mitotane and shorter survival time. However, our patient responded very well, with no side effect and remission of all clinical signs. The patient is alive at time of writing this report, 10 months after starting mitotane and 22 months after diagnosis.
Pulmonary arterial embolism due to aberrant migration of a microchip in two dogs
Authors: Azoulay Florian , Cauvin Eddy , Soares Antonio , Couturier Laurent 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMicrochip implantation is commonly performed in dogs, with only rare reported adverse events. We report the diagnosis and clinical implications of abnormal pulmonary arterial migration of identification microchips in two dogs. The first dog, an 8‐year‐old Siberian Husky, was presented for acute dyspnoea. Thoracic radiographs revealed the presence of a small, metallic foreign body in the right caudal lung lobe. Computed tomography confirmed that the foreign body was a microchip located in the right caudal pulmonary artery. Pulmonary hypertension was identified on echocardiography and was suspected to be secondary to the microchip erratic arterial location. The microchip was surgically removed through arteriotomy. The second dog was an 11‐year‐old crossbreed. The microchip was incidentally identified on computed tomography in the left pulmonary artery, whereas no clinical sign attributable to pulmonary or vascular abnormality were identified. We hypothesised that both microchips migrated via the right heart cavities after inadvertent intrajugular insertion.
A Moore‐Gibson‐Thompson heat conduction equation for non centrosymmetric rigid solids
Authors: Bazarra Noelia , Fernández José R. , Quintanilla Ramón 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new thermal model based on the so‐called Moore‐Gibson‐Thompson equation for heat conduction, assuming that the material is not centrosymmetric. The existence of a unique solution is proved, although only the main steps of its proof are provided for the sake of simplicity in the presentation. A sufficient condition is proposed to guarantee the stability of the solutions. Then, a fully discrete scheme is introduced by using the classical finite element scheme and the implicit Euler scheme. A discrete stability property and an a priori error analysis are shown, from which the linear convergence of the approximations is deduced. Finally, some numerical simulations in one‐dimensional examples are performed to show the behavior of the discrete energy decay.
Interpreting Annual Time Series with LandTrendr
Authors: Kennedy Robert , Braaten Justin , Clary Peter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTime-series analysis of change can be achieved by fitting the entire spectral trajectory using simple statistical models. These allow us to both simplify the time series and to extract useful information about the changes occurring. In this chapter, you will get an introduction to the use of LandTrendr, one of these time-series approaches used to characterize time series of spectral values.
Interpreting Time Series with CCDC
Authors: Arévalo Paulo , Olofsson Pontus 
Published: October 2023

AbstractContinuous change detection and classification (CCDC) is a land change monitoring algorithm designed to operate on time series of satellite data, particularly Landsat data. This chapter focuses on the portion that is the change detection component (CCD); you will learn how to run the algorithm, interpret its outputs, and visualize coefficients and change information.
Advanced Vector Operations
Authors: Gandhi Ujaval 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter covers advanced techniques for visualizing and analyzing vector data in Earth Engine. There are many ways to visualize feature collections, and you will learn how to pick the appropriate method to create visualizations, such as a choropleth map. We will also cover geoprocessing techniques involving multiple vector layers, such as selecting features in one layer by their proximity to features in another layer and performing spatial joins.
Scaling up in Earth Engine
Authors: Deines Jillian M. , Di Tommaso Stefania , Clinton Nicholas , Gorelick Noel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCommonly, when Earth Engine users move from tutorials to developing their own processing scripts, they encounter the dreaded error messages, “computation timed out” or “user memory limit exceeded”. Computational resources are never unlimited, and the team at Earth Engine has designed a robust system with built-in checks to ensure that server capacity is available to everyone. This chapter will introduce general tips for creating efficient Earth Engine workflows that accomplish users’ ambitious research objectives within the constraints of the Earth Engine ecosystem. We use two example case studies: (1) extracting a daily climate time series for many locations across two decades and (2) generating a regional, cloud-free median composite from Sentinel-2 imagery.
Agricultural Environments
Authors: Wang Sherrie , Azzari George 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to introduce how datasets and functions available in Earth Engine can be used to map agriculture at scale. We will walk through an example of mapping crop types in the US Midwest, which is one of the main breadbaskets of the world. The skills learned in this chapter will equip you to go on to map other agricultural characteristics, such as yields and management practices.
Air Pollution and Population Exposure
Authors: Venter Zander S , Chowdhury Sourangsu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAfter high blood pressure and smoking, air pollution is the third-largest risk factor for death globally (Murray et al. in Lancet 396:1223–1249, 2020). Air pollution can therefore be described as a global “pandemic” that should arguably be monitored and addressed with the same intensity with which the COVID-19 pandemic has been. Remote sensing and cloud computing technologies allow us to do so.
Humanitarian Applications
Authors: Van Den Hoek Jamon , Friedrich Hannah K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite the global refugee population's continued growth and the long-term habitation of many refugee settlements, there has been little overall attention from the Earth observation community toward environmental conditions and change in these settlements and their surrounding landscapes. However, considering the persistent concerns regarding the sustainability of environmental resource usage by refugees, potential environmental conflicts with nearby communities, and the impact of environmental hazards on refugee populations, it is crucial to gain a better understanding of the diverse and evolving refugee environment contexts using the unique information provided by Earth observation. In this chapter, we aim to demonstrate the value of using satellite imagery and satellite-derived data to map a refugee settlement in Uganda, estimate its population, and assess the land cover changes within and around the settlement.
Water Balance and Drought
Authors: Poortinga Ate , Nguyen Quyen , Thwal Nyein Soe , Nicolau Andréa Puzzi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, you will learn simple water balance calculations using remote sensing-derived products related to precipitation and evapotranspiration. You will work at the river basin scale and perform time-series analysis, while comparing the data series with remote sensing vegetation and drought indices using the Earth Engine platform. You will also overlay the various indices with a land cover map to estimate potential drought impacts throughout the region.
Active Fire Monitoring
Authors: Crowley Morgan A. , Liu Tianjia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFire monitoring across the world benefits from raw satellite imagery and processed fire mapping datasets. Google Earth Engine supports fire monitoring throughout fire seasons with satellite data from sources like Landsat 8, Sentinel-2, and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and by hosting multiple fire datasets from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) and the Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS). In this chapter, you will access, process, and explore three fire monitoring datasets available in the data catalog. By the end of this chapter, you will learn how to use the Code Editor and user apps to summarize and compare the characteristics of fires, fire seasons, and fire monitoring datasets.
Forest Degradation and Deforestation
Authors: Souza Carlos , Tenneson Karis , Dilger John , Wespestad Crystal , Bullock Eric 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTropical forests are being disturbed by deforestation and forest degradation at an unprecedented pace (Hansen et al. in Science 342:850–853, 2013; Bullock et al. in Glob Change Biol 26:2956–2969, 2020). Deforestation completely removes the original forest cover and replaces it with another land cover type, such as pasture or agriculture fields. Generally speaking, forest degradation is a temporary or permanent disturbance, often caused by predatory logging, fires, or forest fragmentation, where the tree loss does not entirely change the land cover type. Forest degradation leads to a more complex environment with a mixture of vegetation, soil, tree trunks and branches, and fire ash. Defining a boundary between deforestation and forest degradation is not straightforward; at the time this chapter was written, there was no universally accepted definition for forest degradation (Aryal et al. in Remote Sens 13:2666, 2021). Furthermore, the signal of forest degradation often disappears within one to two years, making degraded forests spectrally similar to undisturbed forests. Due to these factors, detecting and mapping forest degradation with remotely sensed optical data is more challenging than mapping deforestation.
Deforestation Viewed from Multiple Sensors
Authors: Tang Xiaojing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCombining data from multiple sensors is the best way to increase data density and hence detect change faster. The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate a simple method of combining Landsat, Sentinel-2, and Sentinel-1 data for monitoring tropical forest disturbance. You will learn how to import, preprocess, and fuse optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing data. You will also learn how to monitor change using time-series models.
Interpreting an Image: Regression
Authors: Dyson Karen , Nicolau Andréa Puzzi , Saah David , Clinton Nicholas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter introduces the use of regression to interpret imagery. Regression is one of the fundamental tools you can use to move from viewing imagery to analyzing it. In the present context, regression means predicting a numeric variable for a pixel instead of a categorical variable, such as a class label.
Grocery Retailers’ Approaches to Discussion on the Food Waste Issue on Social Media
Authors: Sutinen Ulla-Maija , Närvänen Elina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPositioned at the interface between production and consumption, grocery retailers play a pivotal role in shaping the future of food waste. In addition to generating food waste in their everyday business operations, retailers’ actions also have an indirect impact on other actors, especially consumers. Utilising the issue arena as a theoretical lens, this chapter scrutinises the public discussion on food waste and how it may steer understandings and changes connected to the issue. Holding considerable power within both the food system and society, grocery retailers’ voices in the issue arena may have a significant impact. The purpose of the chapter is to examine how grocery retailers construct the food waste issue through discussing it on social media. Drawing on data gathered from social media, three discussion approaches to the issue are identified and discussed: reporting on reducing food waste, assisting households in reducing food waste, and initiating discussion for reducing food waste. The study also identifies themes that remain unmentioned by retailers despite being highly relevant from the food waste perspective. In order to have a stronger impact on the future of food waste, retailers are encouraged to adopt a more transformational role, both in their public communications and in their everyday actions.
Sustainable Consumption in Taiwan and China: Drivers and Impediments
Authors: Shih Tommy 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo achieve global change in order to battle climate change, it is important that consumers all over the world actively engage in more sustainable consumption. This is particularly important in Asia where 90 percent of the global consumption growth will occur during the next decade. This chapter looks at two countries in Asia, Taiwan, and China, which share a similar culture and language, but differ in terms of size of population, economic development, and political system. The cases illustrate some of the similarities and differences seen in sustainable consumption, including drivers and impediments. Consumers from both countries are generally more concerned about their personal wellbeing than the impact of their consumption choices on the environment. Another driver seen is that the responsible consumption push in many areas seems to be primarily driven by government policy rather than consumer groups per se, both in China and in Taiwan. However, there are differences between China and Taiwan. Consumers in Taiwan generally have a higher level of understanding of sustainability, both through education and living in a more economically advanced society. China is still economically undergoing a transitional stage whereby some consumer groups have only recently become aware of their environmental impact.
Digitalization: A Potential Tool for Sustainable Consumption?
Authors: Lehner Matthias , Richter Jessika Luth , Mont Oksana 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGiven the outsized impact that digitalization has had on consumption over the last two decades, the lack of academic interest in sustainable consumption is noteworthy. In this book chapter, we set the scene for the fundamentally important discussion about how digitalization affects consumption. We ask whether digitalization is a positive or a negative force for shaping consumption levels and patterns in a sustainable direction. We organize our discussion around three waves of digitalization that impact consumption and we discuss the implications of these for sustainability. During the first wave, e-commerce became mainstream and led to a dramatic reduction in transaction costs. The second wave led to consumers becoming more empowered, enabling users to connect and actively create content, and to repair, make, or share goods and services. During the most recent wave, giant Internet companies are increasingly providing, and controlling digital consumption experiences rather than selling physical goods, potentially leading to a significantly lower environmental impact per dollar spent. We conclude that digitalization has many inherent traits that make it a strong tool for sustainable consumption, but also that—being devoid of policy guidance—it can equally act as an accelerator of consumption.
The Future of Wellbeing: Value Creation in Digital Mental Health Services
Authors: Jeunemaître Alisa Minina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis book chapter is dedicated to mapping and analyzing the digital mental health servicescape as an ecosystem generating transformative value and contributing to overall consumer wellbeing. The value propositions of multiple forms of digital mental health service offerings are discussed, and recommendations are provided to managers and retailers for optimizing consumer experience and value creation in the digital mental health services sector.
Employee-to-Customer Improvisation: A Value Creation Strategy for Navigating the Contemporary Consumption Experience
Authors: Vredenburg Jessica , Bell Simon J. , Polman Evan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe potential contribution that employees can make to retail firms is changing as retailing is increasingly embracing online and digital capabilities. Retailers are tasked with the role of supplementing their primary commercial role by providing unique experiences. Existing theories in service management, for example, job autonomy and service scripting, can only provide part of the solution to the inevitable variability that emerges as employees work with customers to proactively create moments of delight and reactively recover from service failures. The importance of customer service and the customer experience is becoming critical. We propose a new concept of employee-to-customer improvisation, which draws on the strengths of existing theoretical approaches while providing retail managers with fresh insights. We clarify the domain of the employee-to-customer improvisation construct and propose a conceptual framework that integrates individual and organizational antecedents, as well as contingency factors that enable employee-to-customer improvisation. Overall, our work highlights a new concept important to meeting the changing demands associated with contemporary retail encounters.
Can Future Shopping Experiences Be Present in the Past? The Case of a Local High Street
Authors: Thufvesson Ola , Aslan Devrim Umut 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter is a contemplation on the future experiences of local high streets based on analysing the past and present of one such local street, Södergatan in Helsingborg, Sweden. This street was established in the mid-nineteenth century, in an emerging working-class district, Söder, whose initial residents lived in crowded conditions. Without any modern technologies for storing food, or any cars for travelling longer distances, they walked everywhere, that is, to specialized stores, to work, and to school, on a daily basis. This created a vibrant street life with plenty of opportunities for social encounters. However, the establishment of new residential areas, shopping malls and supermarkets on the outskirts of the city gradually emptied the district post-1950s, until international migrants repopulated it post-1980s. These migrants took over small-scale stores and revived many of the previous retail and shopping activities occurring along this local high street. While this development bolstered the vibrancy of the street, part of the district was restructured as a distinctive consumption space based on luxury experiences. Hence, drawing on the case of Södergatan, there might be a dual future trajectory for local high streets with the first of these thriving on the sense of convenience and mechanisation of everyday items and the second providing up-scaled services to an upper-class clientele.