bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metric error monitoring as a component of metacognitive processing
Authors: Öztel Tutku , Balcı Fuat 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMetacognitive processing constitutes one of the contemporary target domains in consciousness research. Error monitoring (the ability to correctly report one's own errors without feedback) is considered one of the functional outcomes of metacognitive processing. Error monitoring is traditionally investigated as part of categorical decisions where choice accuracy is a binary construct (choice is either correct or incorrect). However, recent studies revealed that this ability is characterized by metric features (i.e., direction and magnitude) in temporal, spatial, and numerical domains. Here, we discuss methodological approaches to investigating metric error monitoring in both humans and non‐human animals and review their findings. The potential neural substrates of metric error monitoring measures are also discussed. This new scope of metacognitive processing can help improve our current understanding of conscious processing from a new perspective. Thus, by summarizing and discussing the perspectives, findings, and common applications in the metric error monitoring literature, this paper aims to provide a guideline for future research.
Climate change: Attitudes and concerns of, and learnings from, people with neurological conditions, carers, and health care professionals
Authors: Blenkinsop Stephen , Wardrope Alistair , Willis Joseph , Sisodiya Sanjay M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveConcern about climate change among the general public is acknowledged by surveys. The health care sector must play its part in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to a changing climate, which will require the support of its stakeholders including those with epilepsy, who may be especially vulnerable. It is important to understand this community's attitudes and concerns about climate change and societal responses.MethodsA survey was made available to more than 100 000 people among a section of the neurological community (patients, carers, and clinicians), focused on epilepsy. We applied quantitative analysis of Likert scale responses supported by qualitative analyses of free‐text questions with crossover analyses to identify consonance and dissonance between the two approaches.ResultsA small proportion of potential respondents completed the survey; of 126 respondents, 52 had epilepsy and 56 explicitly declared no illness. The survey indicated concern about the impact of climate change on health within this neurological community focused on epilepsy. More than half of respondents considered climate change to have been bad for their health, rising to 68% in a subgroup with a neurological condition; over 80% expected climate change to harm their health in future. Most (>75%) believed that action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions will lead to improved health and well‐being. The crossover analysis identified cost and accessibility as significant barriers.SignificanceThe high level of concern about climate change impacts and positive attitudes toward policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions provide support for climate action from the epilepsy community. However, if policies are implemented without considering the needs of patients, they risk being exclusionary, worsening inequalities, and further threatening neurological health and well‐being.
Managing mineral phosphorus application with soil residual phosphorus reuse in Canada
Authors: Wang Jiaxin , Qi Zhiming , Bennett Elena M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith limited phosphorus (P) supplies, increasing P demand, and issues with P runoff and pollution, developing an ability to reuse the large amounts of residual P stored in agricultural soils is increasingly important. In this study, we investigated the potential for residual soil P to maintain crop yields while reducing P applications and losses in Canada. Using a P cycling model coupled with a soil P dynamics model, we analyzed soil P dynamics over 110 years across Canada's provinces. We found that using soil residual P may reduce mineral P demand as large as 132 Gg P year−1 (29%) in Canada, with the highest potential for reducing P applications in the Atlantic provinces, Quebec, Ontario, and British Columbia. Using residual soil P would result in a 21% increase in Canada's cropland P use efficiency. We expected that the Atlantic provinces and Quebec would have the greatest runoff P loss reduction with use of residual soil P, with the average P loss rate decreasing from 4.24 and 1.69 kg ha−1 to 3.45 and 1.38 kg ha−1, respectively. Ontario, Manitoba, and British Columbia would experience relatively lower reductions in P loss through use of residual soil P, with the average runoff P loss rate decreasing from 0.44, 0.36, and 4.33 kg ha−1 to 0.19, 0.26, and 4.14 kg ha−1, respectively. Our study highlights the importance of considering residual soil P as a valuable resource and its potential for reducing P pollution.
Platform work‐lives in the gig economy: Recentering work–family research
Authors: James Al 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCrowdwork platforms have been widely celebrated as challenging gendered labor market inequalities through new digitally mediated possibilities for reconciling work, home, and family. This paper interrogates those claims and explores the wider implications of digital labor platforms for an expansive work–family research agenda stubbornly rooted in formal modes of employment in the “analogue” economy. Based on ethnographic research with women platform workers in the UK (using PeoplePerHour, Upwork, Freelancer, Fiverr, and Copify), the paper asks: what are women crowdworkers' lived experiences of integrating paid work and family relative to formal employment? And what coping tactics have women developed to reduce gendered work–family conflicts on digital labor platforms? In response to these research questions, the paper makes three contributions. First, it offers a critical review of recent commentary to theorize how disruptive innovations by digital labor platforms to recast long‐standing definitions of “work”, “workers”, “managers”, and “employers” have served to position platforms and platform workers as somehow outside the analytical gaze of the expansive work–family research agenda. Second, it extends a growing alternative work–family analysis of platform work to examine the kinds of “work–life balance” (WLB) provision available to women crowdworkers in the absence of an employer; and how women's experiences of algorithmically mediated and contradictory work–family outcomes further challenge widespread claims of new platform work–life “flexibilities”. Third, the paper points to exciting and urgent possibilities for advancing and recentering work–family research through new engagements with platforms, algorithmic management, and “independent” platform workers in support of feminist activism and campaigning around WLB.
Effect of transglutaminase cross‐linking on debittering of Alaska pollock frame hydrolysate
Authors: Shan Chunyu , Wu Guoqiang , Bu Ying , Zhu Wenhui , Li Jianrong , Li Xuepeng 
Published: November 2023

SummaryThe present study aimed to investigate the impact of TGase cross‐linking on the flavour characteristics, particularly focusing on its ability to reduce bitterness in enzymatically digested Alaska Pollock framework (APF) hydrolysates using Protease A ‘Amano’ 2SD (A2SD) and Protease A ‘Amano’ 6SD (A6SD). Electronic tongue results showed that the umami was enhanced, accompanied by a reduction in both bitterness and bitter aftertaste. The contents of glutamic acid (Glu) and nucleotides (AMP, IMP and GMP) exhibited significant differences among all treatment groups (P < 0.05). There was a notable increase in the types and relative concentrations of alcohols, ketones, alkanes and aldehydes in the cross‐linked APF enzymatic hydrolysate. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectrum and fluorescence spectrum analyses indicate that TGase cross‐linking leads to a reduction in the exposure of hydrophobic amino acid residues. The surface hydrophobicity of HA2SD‐C and HA6SD‐C exhibited a significantly lower level compared with that of HA2SD and HA6SD. The present study presents an effective approach for mitigating the bitter taste of aquatic hydrolysate, thereby positively contributing to the advancement and utilisation of this valuable resource.
Effect of segmental versus lobectomy in minimally invasive surgery on postoperative wound complications in lung cancer patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhou Jin , Wang Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIt is still a matter of debate whether the surgical segmentectomy and lobectomy of lung cancer are comparable in the incidence of perioperative wound complications. An extensive review of the literature through August 2023 was carried out with a critical review of four databases. Following the acceptance and elimination criteria set out in the trial, as well as a qualitative assessment of the literature, this resulted in a review of related research that compared the results of both lobectomy and partial resection in the management of lung cancer. The analysis of the data was performed with the RevMan 5.3 software, and the 95% confidence interval [CI] and odds ratio [OR] were performed with either stationary or random‐effect models. It is concluded that the operation time of lobectomy is shorter than that of sectioning in the treatment of segmentectomy (mean difference [MD], −38.62; 95% CI, −41.96, −35.28; p < 0.0001). But the rate of postoperative wound infection (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.18, 2.15; p = 0.45) and intraoperative blood loss (MD, 17.54; 95% CI, −4.19, 39.26; p = 0.11) were not significantly different for them. Thus, for those who have received a pulmonary carcinoma operation, different operative methods might not have an impact on the incidence of postoperative wound infections. The operative procedure appears to have a major impact on the length of the operation in patients.
The practical histochemical demonstration of catecholamines by formaldehyde‐induced fluorescence
Authors: ERÄNKÖ OLAVI 
Published: November 2023

SYNOPSISCatecholamines become intensely fluorescent when exposed to formaldehyde. This is due to closure of the side chain by a methylene bridge and subsequent dehydrogenation, which results in the formation of intensely fluorescent isoquinolines. Exposing freeze‐dried tissue to formaldehyde vapour makes it possible to study the distribution of catecholamines by fluorescence microscopy. The present paper deals with the practical performance of the formaldehyde‐induced fluorescence.The technique consists of the following steps:

Freezing. This must be rapid. An apparatus is proposed for freezing at maximum rate, in which the tissue slice comes into sudden contact with a cold metal surface.
Drying. The tissue must be dried at a temperature below −40°C, using an efficient apparatus. The types of apparatus are described and discussed. Small tissue pieces can be dried overnight with an efficient apparatus.
Formaldehyde condensation. Formaldehyde is generated by warming paraformaldehyde powder in a glass vessel containing the freeze‐dried tissue pieces. The temperature of exposure and the water content of the paraformaldehyde powder must be properly adjusted for each tissue. Exposure for 1 hour at 50°C to paraformaldehyde powder equilibriated with 60 p.c. relative humidity is recommended as a start.
Embedding, sectioning, and mounting. The formaldehyde‐treated tissue pieces are embedded in paraffin wax or, for better resolution, in epoxy resin. Sections must be spread on the slide without using water. Xylene, paraffin oil, and Entellan are suitable mounting media.
Fluorescence microscopy. Any microscope fitted with non‐fluorescent optics is suitable for fluorescence work. A sufficiently intense light source is necessary; the high pressure mercury vapour lamp HBO 200 (Osram) is suitable. Special effects can be obtained with different filter combinations. The Schott filters BG 12 and OG 1 are suitable for most practical studies of catecholamines.
The aging gut: Symptoms compatible with disorders of gut‐brain interaction (DGBI) in older adults in the general population
Authors: Busby‐Whitehead Jan , Whitehead William E. , Sperber Ami D. , Palsson Olafur S. , Simrén Magnus 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about changes in gastrointestinal symptoms compatible with disorders of gut‐brain interaction (DGBI) with increasing age at the population level. The objective of this study was to describe the patterns of DGBI in individuals 65 years of age and above and contrasting them with those of younger adults.MethodsA community sample of 6300 individuals ages 18 and older in the US, UK, and Canada completed an online survey. Quota‐based sampling was used to ensure equal proportion of sex and age groups (40% aged 18–39, 40% aged 40–64, 20% aged 65+) across countries, and to control education distributions. The survey included the Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire for DGBI, demographic questions, questionnaires measuring overall somatic symptom severity and quality of life, and questions on healthcare utilization, medications, and surgical history.ResultsWe included 5926 individuals in our analyses; 4700 were 18–64 years of age and 1226 were ages 65+. Symptoms compatible with at least one DGBI were less prevalent in participants ages 65+ vs. ages 18–64 years (34.1% vs. 41.3%, p < 0.0001). For symptoms compatible with upper GI DGBI, lower prevalence for most disorders was noted in the 65+ group. For lower GI DGBI, a different pattern was seen. Prevalence was lower in ages 65+ for irritable bowel syndrome and anorectal pain, but no differences from younger participants for the disorders defined by abnormal bowel habits (constipation and/or diarrhea) were seen. Fecal incontinence was the only DGBI that was more common in ages 65+. Having a DGBI was associated with reduced quality of life, more severe non‐GI somatic symptoms, and increased healthcare seeking, both in younger and older participants.ConclusionSymptoms compatible with DGBI are common, but most of these decrease in older adults at the population level, with the exception of fecal incontinence which increases. This pattern needs to be taken into account when planning GI health care for the growing population of older adults.
Efficacy and safety of surgical excision and reconstruction combined with radiotherapy for huge keloids: A 13‐year experience
Authors: Dong Wenfang , Xiao Xiaodi , Yang Xin , Zhao Zhenmin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundSurgical excision combined with radiotherapy is considered an effective treatment for keloids, while the efficacy and safety of this regimen for huge keloids in patients who need reconstruction after excision is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of surgical excision and reconstruction combined with radiotherapy for huge keloids in a single center with 13 years of experience.MethodsAll consecutive patients with huge keloids who underwent surgical excision and reconstruction combined with radiotherapy were identified. Demographic information, prior interventions for keloids, parameters and complications, and recurrence rates were documented.ResultsTwenty‐one patients (10 males; mean age, 43.19 ± 18.15 years) were included, 14 patients reconstructed with z‐plasties, 5 with skin grafts, and 2 with skin flaps. During a mean follow‐up of 75 months, one patient developed local necrosis without the need for revision surgery and two patients developed temporary hyperpigmentation. Two patients with the z‐plasties suffered partial keloids recurrence, which was healed with corticosteroid injection. No wound infection, hematoma, telangiectasia, or new keloids at donor sites were observed. The overall appearance of reconstructed defects was aesthetically acceptable.ConclusionSurgical excision and reconstruction combined with radiotherapy may be safe and effective for huge keloids.
Effect of denture cleansers on color stability and surface properties of denture base material containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles
Authors: Ansarifard Elham , Mohaghegh Mina , Saadat Mohammad Hossein , Taghva Masumeh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of different denture cleansers on color stability, surface roughness, and hardness of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) infused with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) at concentrations of 1% and 2% by weight on each.Materials and MethodsIn this in vitro study, 90 disc‐shaped specimens (10×10×2 mm) were divided into 3 main groups: the non‐containing nanoparticle group (0wt% concentration), 1wt% concentration, and 2wt% concentration TiO2 NPs groups. Each group was further assorted into 3 subgroups (n = 10): immersed in distilled water, oxygenating tablet (Corega), and 0.5% sodium hypochlorite. Color change, surface roughness, and hardness values were assessed after 90 and 180 days of storage. Color changes (∆E) were measured with a spectrophotometer (VITA, Easy Shade V, Germany) and assessed using the CIE L*a*b* colorimetric system and the American National Bureau of Standards (NBS = 0.92×∆E). The surface roughness and surface hardness values were measured using a profilometer device and Vickers hardness tester, respectively. First, ANOVA‐repeated measurements were performed, followed by the Tukey test. The significance level in this study was considered 0.05.ResultsAt all concentrations, there were significant differences in the mean color changes of samples immersed in cleansers compared to distilled water (p < 0.01). Moreover, hypochlorite caused a significant increase compared to Corega at 0wt% concentration after 90 days and at 1wt% concentration after 90 and 180 days. Evaluations also showed that the mean NBS values in all cleanser groups were in the range of appreciable change, except the water group. In addition, only hypochlorite changed the color higher than the clinically acceptable range (∆E >3.7). The mean roughness of samples immersed in hypochlorite at 0wt% concentration was significantly higher than the samples containing TiO2 NPs (p = 0.006). No significant difference was observed in surface roughness of samples containing different concentrations of TiO2 NPs immersed in different cleansers; however, hypochlorite increased the surface roughness of samples without TiO2 NPs compared to samples containing TiO2 NPs after 180 days. The immersion time in cleansers had a significant influence on the surface roughness and hardness while having no effect on the color.ConclusionIn general, the cleansers had a significant effect on color change in all groups compared to distilled water. The adverse effect of hypochlorite was more than Corega. The cleansers in the samples containing TiO2 NPs did not make a significant difference in surface roughness in comparison with the distilled water groups. Surface hardness of the samples was not affected in a steady pattern by the cleansers.
Performance of tunnelled, non‐cuffed central venous catheters in infants: A scoping review
Authors: Dean Anna , Doyle Rebecca , Ullman Amanda 
Published: November 2023

AimTo summarise and critique existing knowledge and evidence relating to the utility, and post‐insertion complications surrounding tunnelled non‐cuffed central venous catheters (tncCVCs) in infants.MethodsA scoping review of original research studies reporting the use of, and post‐insertion complications associated with, tncCVCs in infants was completed. MeSH terms were used to formulate a systematic search, and data were extracted using a customised data extraction form. Data were analysed descriptively across key themes based on the research questions. Study quality was evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.ResultsThe systematic search generated 3994 studies, of which 9 studies met final inclusion criteria. Studies included 644 tncCVCs in infants based in the USA, Europe and Australia. Most studies were retrospective cohort studies. The most common vein of insertion, where individually specified, was the internal jugular (n = 177). Tunnel length, where reported, was 2.5–5 cm. Infection rates were most commonly reported (eight studies), with results ranging from 0 to 12.8%, and device dislodgements of up to 20% reported. Participant follow‐up and definition of complications varied greatly between studies. Study quality across all papers was sound.ConclusionsThis review has identified only a small number of studies, with small participant numbers, reporting the performance of tncCVCs in infants. Definitions of complications measured varied significantly between studies, and vastly different patient follow‐up protocols were reported. Further larger‐scale studies on the performance of tncCVC, employing internationally recognised reporting standards is warranted to ensure clinicians can make informed choices for medication and infusion delivery.
Effects of intravenous administration of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) on oxidative status in healthy adult horses
Authors: Taylor Sandra D. , Hart Kelsey A. , Vaughn Sarah , Giancola Shyla C. , Serpa Priscila B. S. , Santos Andrea P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAscorbic acid (AA) is an antioxidant that might be beneficial for adjunctive treatment of sepsis in horses. The optimal dose and effects on oxidative status are unknown.HypothesisAscorbic acid administration will increase plasma AA concentrations and decrease determinants of reactive oxygen metabolites (dROM), basal and stimulant‐induced intraerythrocytic reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations, and stimulant‐induced neutrophil ROS production, and increase plasma antioxidant capacity (PAC) in a dose‐dependent manner.AnimalsEight healthy horses.MethodsRandomized placebo‐controlled crossover study. Each horse received 4 single‐dose IV treatments including AA at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg and saline (placebo) with each treatment separated by ≥1 week. Blood was collected at baseline, 2 and 6 hours for assessment of plasma dROM and PAC via photometer, intraerythrocytic ROS by flow cytometry, and stimulant‐induced neutrophil ROS by a fluorometric assay. Plasma AA concentrations were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrochemical detection.ResultsAscorbic acid at 100 mg/kg resulted in decreased dROM 2 hours after treatment (P = .03, 95% CI 5.51‐121.2, point estimate 63.3). There was no effect of AA on basal or stimulant‐induced intraerythrocytic ROS (P = .88, 95% CI −0.156 to 0.081, point estimate −0.037; P = .93, 95% CI −0.123 to 0.112, point estimate −0.006, respectively), basal or stimulant‐induced neutrophil ROS (P ≥ .12, 95% CI −644.9 to 56.2, point estimate −294.4), or PAC (P ≥ .64, 95% CI −1567 to 463.4, point estimate −552.0) at any dose or timepoint. Plasma AA concentrations increased in a dose‐dependent manner.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHigh‐dose administration of AA might provide antioxidant benefits in horses.