bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of nonmotor manifestations of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Kluger Benzi M , Fernandez Hubert H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although Parkinson’s disease (PD) is traditionally thought of as a disorder of motor function, nonmotor symptoms are increasingly recognized as a significant source of disability and suffering. Nonmotor symptoms can be classifled as intrinsic or iatrogenic. The most common intrinsic nonmotor symptoms recognized in PD patients are depression, cognitive impairment, sleep disorders, and autonomic dysfunction. Frequent iatrogenic complications include psychosis, compulsions, and impulse control disorders. These symptoms often do not respond to standard dopaminergic PD therapies. In fact, dopaminergic medications frequently contribute to the onset and exacerbation of these symptoms. The spectrum of nonmotor manifestations of PD is reviewed in Chapter 1. This chapter highlights some of the unique challenges associated with their treatment.
Surgical management of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Isaias Ioannis U , Tagliati Michele 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Increasing interest in functional neurosurgery for Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been fostered over the past decade by the limitations of levodopa therapy, our improved understanding of basal ganglia pathophysiology, and technological advances, most importantly the development of deep brain stimulation (DBS). When used for the treatment of movement disorders, DBS typically targets three areas of the brain: the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (Vim), the globus pallidus pars interna (GPi), and the subthalamic nucleus (STN). As Vim DBS almost exclusively improves contralateral tremor, it has been progressively replaced by DBS at the two other targets for PD treatment, even when tremor predominates.
The Legacy Of Punctuated Equilibrium
Authors: Geary Dana H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The idea for which Steve Gould is best remembered might well be punctuated equilibrium, which he coauthored with Niles Eldredge. A great many thousands of pages have been written about punctuated equilibrium since 1972; it is clearly impossible to characterize all of the discussion in a short essay. My intent here is to summarize my view of what about punctuated equilibrium has proven correct or successful and what has changed or remains uncertain. I will also discuss various aspects of the legacy of punctuated equilibrium.
Choosing for Disability
Authors: Davis Dena S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In This Chapter I take up one of the thorniest issues in genetic ethics—how should professionals respond to parents who wish to use the new techniques of reproductive and genetic medicine to make sure that their children’s genetic heritage reflects their parents’ disability? Is this another example of client autonomy, where professionals should be delighted that new techniques allow them to give clients what they want? Or should professionals decline to participate in ventures that aim at producing children who are intentionally less than healthy? And what do we mean by “healthy,” anyway?
Our Stories Essays On Life, Death, And Free Will
Authors: Fischer John Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this collection of essays on the metaphysical issues pertaining to death, the meaning of life, and freedom of the will, John Martin Fischer argues (against the Epicureans) that death can be a bad thing for the individual who dies. He defends the claim that something can be a bad thing--a misfortune-for an individual, even if he never experiences it as bad (and even if he does not any longer exist). Fischer also defends the commonsense asymmetry in our attitudes toward death and prenatal nonexistence: we are indifferent to the time before we are born, but we regret that we do not live longer. Further, Fischer argues (against the immortality curmudgeons, such as Heidegger and Bernard Williams), that immortal life could be desirable, and shows how the defense of the (possible) badness of death and the (possible) goodness of immortality exhibit a similar structure; on Fischer’ s view, the badness of death and the goodness of life can be represented on spectra that display certain continuities. Building on Fischer’ s previous book, My Way a major aim of this volume is to show important connections between issues relating to life and death and issues relating to free will. More specifically, Fischer argues that we endow our lives with a certain distinctive kind of meaning--an irreducible narrative dimension of value--by exhibiting free will. Thus, in acting freely, we transform our lives so that our stories matter.
Why Immortality Is Not So Bad
Authors: Fischer John Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I shall begin by laying out some of the key elements of Bernard Williams’s fascinating and influential discussion of immortality, ‘The Makropulos Case: Reflections on the Tedium of Immortality’. Williams discusses a character in a play by Karel Čapek (which was made into an opera by Janaček.) This character had various names with the initials EM. When she was 42 years of age, her father gave her an elixir of life which rendered her capable of living forever (at the biological age of 42). At the time of action of the play, EM is aged 342. As Williams puts it, ‘ her unending life has come to a state of boredom, indifference and coldness. Everything is joyless . . . In the end, she refuses the elixir and dies, and the formula is destroyed by a young woman (despite the protests of some older men!).’For my purposes here, it will be useful to begin by distilling from Williams’s rich and intriguing discussion his general framework for analyzing models of immortality.
Free Will, Death, and Immortality: The Role of Narrative
Authors: Fischer John Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The notion of ‘narrative’is rich and suggestive, but, at the same time, vexed. The notion is invoked by philosophers and literary theorists (and others) in very different ways. Despite the confusions engendered by its multiple meanings and uses, I believe that the notion of narrative can be illuminating with respect to issues about freedom, death, immortality, and the meaning of life. Care must be taken, however, to distinguish different ideas, and to apply them appropriately. In previous work, I have made some tentative and sketchy suggestions. I have claimed that the value of acting freely, or acting in such a way as to be morally responsible, is the value of self-expression. When I act freely, I ‘make a statement,’and the value of my free action is the value of writing a sentence in the book of my life (my narrative), rather than the value of ‘ making a difference’(of a certain sort) to the world. I have not suggested that artistic self-expression is the only value, or a hegemonic one; rather, the suggestion was that the value of free action is the value, whatever that is, of artistic self-expression. Further, I have suggested that our lives’having the signature features of narrative does not in itself imply that immortality would necessarily be undesirable (or even unrecognizably similar to our current lives).
Stories and the Meaning of Life
Authors: Fischer John Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In various places, I (sometimes in collaboration with Mark Ravizza) have sought to present the elements of a theoretical “framework for moral responsibility.”1 Here I shall begin by sketching the framework in order to give the background for a more detailed development of the idea that the value of acting so as to be morally responsible is the value of a certain distinctive kind of self-expression.The overall framework for moral responsibility includes (at least) the following elements: a distinction between the concept of moral responsibility and its conditions of application; a distinction between “regulative” and “guidance” control; an argument that guidance control, and not regulative control, is the “freedom-relevant” condition linked to moral responsibility; an account of guidance control in terms of mechanism ownership and moderate reasons-responsiveness; an argument that guidance control, so construed, is compatible with causal determinism; and an account of the value of moral responsibility (in terms of self-expression).
Justice, Democracy, and Social Values
Authors: Powers Madison , Faden Ruth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An important line of recent argument emphasizes both the limitations of theories of justice to resolve priority-setting issues and the need to incorporate the public’s values into such decisions. In the case of cost-utility analysis (CUA), the aim has been to temper its recommendations in order to make more room for considerations of justice in distribution. In other cases, the aspiration is to fill out the details where theory leaves off. We acknowledge the importance of both aspirations, but we argue that many of the proposals do less than promised without having to recur to theories of justice for help. We argue also that our theory constrains the permissible range of choices produced by the various democratic or procedural justice approaches.
Facts and Theory
Authors: Powers Madison , Faden Ruth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A principal conclusion of chapter 7 is that empirical data about public preferences, no matter how sophisticated or thoughtful the methodology, cannot by themselves tell us how to construct just health policies. Neither, however, can theories of justice. If we have reached one insight in the writing of this book it is that the practical pursuit of justice in health policy requires the effective integration of the contributions of moral and political theory with the findings of social and biomedical science. This insight has guided the construction of our theory of justice, which starts with an understanding of the world as it is and then continuously invites and requires empirical inquiry in order to continuously revise what that understanding is. Our theory identifies and highlights the kinds of empirical questions that need to be asked and answered in the search for what health policies are just. It provides guidance to empirical researchers and policy makers about the kinds of data that are needed if considerations of justice are to be taken into account in the design of new policies and programs and in the evaluation of existing policies and practices.
Transsexuality and Contextual Identities
Authors: Warnke Georgia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Jan Morris begins her 1974 memoir with the words, “I was three or perhaps four when I realized that I had been born into the wrong body and should really be a girl.”1 Raymond Thompson writes, “My body didn’t exist in the way it was born; for me it only existed in my inner identity as a male.”2 And in her 2003 memoir, Jennifer Boylan writes, “The awareness that I was in the wrong body, living the wrong life was never out of my conscious mind—never.”3 In this essay, I want to explore these claims. What does it mean to possess or inhabit the wrong body? Why does wrongness manifest itself as an issue of genitalia? What does it mean to think one should “really be a girl” or to possess the “inner identity” of a male? Here I am interested in the relation between one’s body and particularly one’s genitalia and one’s felt identity. Because this relation is often viewed as one between physical sex and psychic gender, I begin with this relation.
Trans Identities and First-Person Authority
Authors: Bettcher Talia Mae 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Trans studies constitute part of the coming-to-voice of transpeople, long the theorized and researched objects of sexology, psychiatry, and feminist theory. Sandy Stone’s pioneering “The Empire Strikes Back: A Posttranssexual Manifesto” sought the end of monolithic medical and feminist accounts of transsexuality to reveal a multiplicity of trans-authored narratives.1 My goal is a better understanding of what it is for transpeople to come to this polyvocality. I argue that trans politics ought to proceed with the principle that transpeople have firstperson authority (FPA) over their own gender; and I clarify what this means.2
The Joycean Labyrinth
Authors: Kumar Udaya 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This powerful and unusual study examines the relations between the textual organization of Ulysses and the notions of time, language, and poetics implicit in the novel. Making use of recent developments in philosophy and literary theory, Udaya Kumar takes issue with those who, like Richard Ellmann, see Ulysses as a fully coherent text. Instead, he argues that the novel is a complex transitional text involving various degrees of mediation between opposing impulses such as naturalism and schematism, unification and detotalization. The book begins with an examination of the pervasive use of repetition in Ulysses and shows that this results in a disruption of linear time and creates a `textual memory'. This argument is further developed in relation to the question of time and the sign, where Ulysses is shown to display a differentiated and heterogeneous temporal experience. Finally, examining Joyce's early theories, it is argued that Ulysses implies a radical notion of tradition as the site of difference and of the work of art as the reperformance of elements from tradition. The concluding chapter clarifies this idea in relation to other strands in modernism and postmodernism.
In the Circumstances About Poems and Poets
Authors: Robinson Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the Circumstances is a study of the way people other than their authors contribute to poems. Discussing work by Wordsworth, Browning, Hardy, Pound, Eliot, Montale, Auden, Lowell, and Hill, the book explores how other people's lives and wider circumstances can influence the textual contexts of the poems and be felt within the works themselves. These circumstances emerge in such things as allusions to political events of the day, the inclusion of proper names and, above all, in the citation or absorption of the words of others. The book asks how the poets themselves worked these circumstances into the fabric of their poems, and what bearing this has on subsequent acts of revision and translation. These are current issues: for all those involved with poetry, as readers or writers, this book will provide pleasure and stimulus. After his first collection of poetry, Overdrawn Account (1980), Peter Robinson was described by Eric Griffiths in PN Review as `the finest poet of his generation'. His second volume This Other Life (1988) won the Cheltenham Prize. With Marcus Perrymen he has translated the complete poems of Vittorio Sereni, a selection of which appeared in 1990. A new book of his own poems is due in 1992.
Waving the Flag
Authors: Higson Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What does it mean to talk about a 'national' cinema? To what extent can British cinema, dominated for so many years by Hollywood, be considered a national cinema? Waving the Flag investigates these questions from a historical point of view, and challenges the received wisdoms of British cinema history in many ways. Drawing some revealing conclusions about the extent to which the many rich traditions of British film-making share the same distinctive stylistic and ideological characteristics, what emerges is a sometimes surprising picture of a specifically national cinema. Andrew Higson investigates theories of national cinema, and surveys the development of the British film industry and film culture. Three case studies combine histories of production and reception with textual analysis of key films from the 1920s, '30s, and '40s. Focusing on Cecil Hepworth's Comin' Thro' The Rye, the first of these looks at the evolution of an art cinema in the early 1920s. Two films of 1934, Sing As We Go and Evergreen, are then contrasted as the products of two quite distinct industrial strategies for coping with the overwhelming presence of Hollywood. Finally, Andrew Higson re-examines the status of the documentary idea in British national cinema and its influence on two Second World War films, Millions Like Us and This Happy Breed. Combining detailed analyses of film texts with studies of industrial and cultural contexts, including critical reception, Waving the Flag is an impressive and wide-ranging survey of the concept of national cinema.
A Shakespeare Music Catalogue
Authors: Gooch Bryan N S , Thatcher David , Long Odean , Haywood Charles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The five volumes of A Shakespeare Music Catalogue provide scholarship with an invaluable reference tool: a comprehensive and detailed documentation of all music - published and unpublished, from Shakespeare's day to our own - in any way related to Shakespeare's life and work. No single work has ever before attempted to draw together such a mass of information, from all countries of the world, on this neglected aspect of Shakespeare's dramatic art and cultural influence. The music includes operas, ballets, overtures, tone-poems, songs, and various types of incidental music (for stage, radio, film, and television productions). Each composition is cited with information on its vocal and instrumental requirements, its publication history, and, when known, its first performance. The first three volumes deal with music and musical stage-directions for the plays (arranged alphabetically) and settings of the sonnets and narrative poems. The fourth volume contains indices: of Shakespeare's titles and lines, the titles of musical works, and composers, arrangers, editors, librettists, etc. The final volume provides a further, and unprecedented, research tool: a selected, annotated bibliography of writings, in all languages, on the subject of Shakespeare and music. For the first time, readers of the Catalogue will have ready access to the broad range of musical works inspired by Shakespeare and to the diversity of critical viewpoints they have provoked. Theatrical directors will be able to consult it for appropriate music; musicologists and cultural historians study the history of taste; literary scholars examine any play or plays from a thoroughly documented musical standpoint. The Catalogue brings together the work of many scholars in the field, and goes far beyond existing available data.
Sir William Dugdale
Authors: Parry Graham 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The recovery of the Middle Ages, including the rehabilitation of medieval institutions, was an enterprise that many seventeenth century antiquarians were engaged in, with Selden and Spelman in the vanguard; but the most persistent attempt to clarify the development of medieval institutions was carried out by Sir William Dugdale in a career of sustained research extending from the 1630s to the 1680s. Dugdale had an unprejudiced view of the Middle Ages, and did not believe that the centuries before the Reformation were sunk in ignorance and monkish superstition. He recognized that medieval society had been dominated by disciplined institutions, which had conditioned the growth of the nation, and that he and his contemporaries lived in a world that had been shaped by the social structures that had evolved in a time of feudalism and universal faith. Curiosity about the origins and growth of offices and institutions had been one of the unifying concerns of the Elizabethan Society of Antiquaries, whose investigations often took the form of short exploratory forays into the past. The greatest obstacle to a proper understanding of the structures of medieval society was the confusion of the surviving records, civil, ecclesiastical, and familial.
Some Skewered Gobbets in Euripides
Authors: Eden P T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Any retired Latinist without a pastime can suitably be advised to read some of the language which, during his working life, he will have been paid not to know. An Oxford graduate should of course do so in the prestigious publications of his Alma Mater. He may be in for some surprises. Did he, for instance, as a student, read Gilbert Murray’s Oxford Classical Texts of Euripides (vol. i: 1902; vol. ii: 1904; vol. iii: 1909), and on reaching Supp. 508f.
The Sounds of the Voice in Old Comedy
Authors: Halliwell Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It would be reasonable to expect that the phonetic factors which generate contrasts between the speech-sounds of individuals and of groups would have attracted the interest of the poets of Old Comedy. The genre‘s addiction to humorously or satirically dramatizing cultural distinctions suggests a rich potential for the sound of the voice as a focus of comic impressions, especially in performances by professional actors whose skills encompassed the ability to mimic a gamut of vocal qualities and nuances (including animal sounds, which I leave aside). Yet such expectations find, in fact, little enough fulfilment in the plays of Aristophanes and the fragments of Old Comedy. Were there, then, limitations upon the scope for this vein of humour-a strong uniformity of accent and pronunciation, perhaps, among Athenian speakers? Can we, in any case, be confident that our texts reliably notate the sounds required of, and realized by, actors in the theatre? My thoughts on this topic start from some observations on the cultural setting.
All for Salamis
Authors: Barron John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Of all the considerable corpus of epigrams inspired by the great struggle between Greece and Persia, none has been more intriguing or more tantalizing than those preserved on two fragments of a Pentelic marble base in the Agora Museum, the one from the left-hand corner of its block, the other from near its right-hand end. Though the fragments do not join, their origin in the same monument is guaranteed not only by the nature of the texts they bear, but also by the treatment of the face and left edge of the block. The surface is neatly stippled within a smooth border, broad at the top and narrow at the sides and base. This is purely decorative, not anathyrosis to facilitate a joint on the left, since the stippled area is in the same plane as the smooth, not set back from it. On the broad upper border, in two lines stoichedon, are inscribed two couplets of elegiac verse. Across the stippled area a second band has been smoothed at a later date, and consequently set back from the front plane of the remainder of the stone; and on it are inscribed two further couplets in a different hand. All four couplets begin one directly below another, close to the left-hand margin of the stone. The first epigram, which speaks of‘ these men‘s courage‘, of men on foot and on swiftly moving ships, and of the delivery of all Greece from the threat of slavery, was carved by the same mason who cut the decree of 485/4 containing regulations for the Acropolis.