bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The origin and P–T evolution of peridotites and serpentinites of NE New Caledonia: prograde interaction between continental margin and the mantle wedge
Authors: Fitzherbert J. A. , Clarke G. L. , Marmo B. , Powell R. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe Pouébo and Diahot terranes of NE New Caledonia mostly comprise eclogite to blueschist facies metabasite and metasedimentary rocks that experienced c. 40 Ma metamorphism. This Eocene high‐P event has been linked with the SW‐directed obduction of the New Caledonian Ophiolite, an extensive ultramafic nappe that dominates outcrop in the south of the island. In the north, ultramafic lithologies are found only as sheets or discrete lenticular masses interleaved with, but separated from, the eclogites and blueschists by foliated talc–chlorite–serpentine–carbonate‐bearing rocks. The base of the largest and best‐preserved ultramafic body at Yambé is marked by a distinctive (2 m thick) layer of high‐P mylonite that preserves evidence for early blueschist facies conditions (S1) as inclusions in eclogite facies minerals. Textural evidence preserved in olivine‐bearing serpentinites and their bounding mafic mylonites suggest that the ultramafic bodies were emplaced within the structurally highest levels of the high‐P terrane as serpentinite tectonites sourced from hydrated mantle, formerly in the hangingwall of the Eocene subduction zone. Serpentinite emplacement accompanied burial of the NE New Caledonian margin at T<500 °C and P<16 kbar. The ultramafic fragments were buried to depths of 50–60 km in the subduction zone, where olivine was stable and coarse‐grained garnet–omphacite‐rich assemblages developed in low strain domains within enclosing mylonites. Host metabasic and metasedimentary rocks from the structurally highest portions of the high‐P belt have a prograde record identical to that of the ultramafic tectonites. The early emplacement and similar P–T history of host rocks and ultramafic masses suggest that NE New Caledonia preserves a fossil slab/mantle–wedge boundary reactivated during exhumation.
Thermobaric structure of a traverse across western Dabieshan: implications for collision tectonics between the Sino‐Korean and Yangtze cratons
Authors: Liu X. , Wei C. , Li S. , Dong S. , Liu J. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAs the best preserved high‐ and ultrahigh‐pressure (HP and UHP) metamorphic terrane in the Qinling‐Dabieshan‐Sulu orogen, western Dabieshan is divided into six lithotectonic units along a traverse across the orogen, i.e. from north to south, the Nanwan, Balifan, Huwan, Xinxian, Hong'an and Mulanshan units. In this terrane five eclogite‐bearing zones (I–V) are developed. The garnet and clinopyroxene in eclogites from these zones exhibit chemical zoning, suggesting that the rims record general peak temperature and pressure. Thermobarometric study indicates that the peak P–T conditions of eclogite are 550–570°C and 21 kbar for Zone I, 470–500°C and 14–17 kbar for Zone II, 620–670°C and 26–29 kbar for Zone III, 530–560°C and 20–22 kbar for Zone IV, and 490–510°C and 19–20 kbar for Zone V. The symmetrical thermobaric pattern, in conjunction with structural and geochronological data, demonstrates that the Huwan and Hong'an units belong to the same HP slice overlying the UHP slice. This pattern, together with the Mulanshan LT/HP blueschist–greenschist belt in the south, roughly constitutes a ‘normal’ metamorphic zonation. However, clear metamorphic gaps occur between different slices. It is inferred that the LT/HP, HP and UHP slices were broken up from the downgoing slab during subduction and reached different depths along different geothermal gradients. The successive subduction of underlying slices leads to a nearly concomitant uplift of overlying slices, whereas exhumation of the deepest UHP slice was effected by underthrusting of the lower crust of the Yangtze craton.
In Modernism's Wake: Public Administration and Policy in the 21st Century
Authors: Marshall Gary S. 
Published: May 2004

Hugh T. Miller, Postmodern Public PolicyGoktug Morcol, A New Mind for Policy Analysis: Toward a Post‐Newtonian and Postpositivist Epistemology and MethodologyMichael W. Spicer, Public Administration and the State: A Postmodern Perspective
Analyzing the Analysts: When Do Recommendations Add Value?
Authors: Jegadeesh Narasimhan , Kim Joonghyuk , Krische Susan D. , Lee Charles M. C. 
Published: May 2004

ABSTRACTWe show that analysts from sell‐side firms generally recommend “glamour” (i.e., positive momentum, high growth, high volume, and relatively expensive) stocks. Naïve adherence to these recommendations can be costly, because the level of the consensus recommendation adds value only among stocks with favorable quantitative characteristics (i.e., value stocks and positive momentum stocks). In fact, among stocks with unfavorable quantitative characteristics, higher consensus recommendations are associated with worse subsequent returns. In contrast, we find that the quarterly change in consensus recommendations is a robust return predictor that appears to contain information orthogonal to a large range of other predictive variables.
A Catering Theory of Dividends
Authors: Baker Malcolm , Wurgler Jeffrey 
Published: May 2004

ABSTRACTWe propose that the decision to pay dividends is driven by prevailing investor demand for dividend payers. Managers cater to investors by paying dividends when investors put a stock price premium on payers, and by not paying when investors prefer nonpayers. To test this prediction, we construct four stock price‐based measures of investor demand for dividend payers. By each measure, nonpayers tend to initiate dividends when demand is high. By some measures, payers tend to omit dividends when demand is low. Further analysis confirms that these results are better explained by catering than other theories of dividends.
Economic News and the Impact of Trading on Bond Prices
Authors: Green T. Clifton 
Published: May 2004

ABSTRACTThis paper studies the impact of trading on government bond prices surrounding the release of macroeconomic news. The results show a significant increase in the informational role of trading following economic announcements, which suggests the release of public information increases the level of information asymmetry in the government bond market. The informational role of trading is greater after announcements with a larger initial price impact, and the relation is associated with the surprise component of the announcement and the precision of the public information. The results provide evidence that government bond order flow reveals fundamental information about riskless rates.
Informed Trading in Stock and Option Markets
Authors: Chakravarty Sugato , Gulen Huseyin , Mayhew Stewart 
Published: May 2004

ABSTRACTWe investigate the contribution of option markets to price discovery, using a modification of Hasbrouck's (1995) “information share” approach. Based on five years of stock and options data for 60 firms, we estimate the option market's contribution to price discovery to be about 17% on average. Option market price discovery is related to trading volume and spreads in both markets, and stock volatility. Price discovery across option strike prices is related to leverage, trading volume, and spreads. Our results are consistent with theoretical arguments that informed investors trade in both stock and option markets, suggesting an important informational role for options.
Is All That Talk Just Noise? The Information Content of Internet Stock Message Boards
Authors: Antweiler Werner , Frank Murray Z. 
Published: May 2004

ABSTRACTFinancial press reports claim that Internet stock message boards can move markets. We study the effect of more than 1.5 million messages posted on Yahoo! Finance and Raging Bull about the 45 companies in the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the Dow Jones Internet Index. Bullishness is measured using computational linguistics methods. Wall Street Journal news stories are used as controls. We find that stock messages help predict market volatility. Their effect on stock returns is statistically significant but economically small. Consistent with Harris and Raviv (1993), disagreement among the posted messages is associated with increased trading volume.
Risk Sharing and Asset Prices: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Authors: Chari Anusha , Henry Peter Blair 
Published: May 2004

ABSTRACTWhen countries liberalize their stock markets, firms that become eligible for foreign purchase (investible), experience an average stock price revaluation of 15.1%. Since the historical covariance of the average investible firm's stock return with the local market is roughly 200 times larger than its historical covariance with the world market, liberalization reduces the systematic risk associated with holding investible securities. Consistent with this fact: (1) the average effect of the reduction in systematic risk is 6.8 percentage points, or roughly two fifths of the total revaluation; and (2) the firm‐specific revaluations are directly proportional to the firm‐specific changes in systematic risk.
The Foundations of Freezeout Laws in Takeovers
Authors: Amihud Yakov , Kahan Marcel , Sundaram Rangarajan K. 
Published: May 2004

ABSTRACTWe provide an economic basis for permitting freezeouts of nontendering shareholders following successful takeovers. We describe a specific freezeout mechanism based on easily verifiable information that induces desirable efficiency and welfare properties in models of both corporations with widely dispersed shareholdings and corporations with large pivotal shareholders. The mechanism dominates previous proposals along some important dimensions. We also examine takeover premia that arise in the presence of competition among raiders. Our mechanism is closely related to the practice of takeover law in the United States; thus, our analysis may be thought of as analyzing the economic foundations of current regulations.
Market States and Momentum
Authors: Cooper Michael J. , Gutierrez Roberto C. , Hameed Allaudeen 
Published: May 2004

ABSTRACTWe test overreaction theories of short‐run momentum and long‐run reversal in the cross section of stock returns. Momentum profits depend on the state of the market, as predicted. From 1929 to 1995, the mean monthly momentum profit following positive market returns is 0.93%, whereas the mean profit following negative market returns is −0.37%. The up‐market momentum reverses in the long‐run. Our results are robust to the conditioning information in macroeconomic factors. Moreover, we find that macroeconomic factors are unable to explain momentum profits after simple methodological adjustments to take account of microstructure concerns.
Reliable assessment of faecal loading in older adults by abdominal radiograph
Authors: Yates Mark , Day Keren , Mullany Jim , Harvey Jack 
Published: May 2004

Objective: To produce a measure of faecal loading using plain abdominal radiograph that has both face validity and reliability. This formed part of the Ballarat Constipation Study, which aimed to establish a suite of objective assessment tools for the identification of constipation in residential and extended care facilities. Methods: A 20‐point loading scale (five levels of loading × four segments of colon) was evaluated using 75 plain abdominal films of patients older than 65 years that were taken for various purposes. These were randomly ordered and five radiologists, following appropriate training, rated the films. Each was blinded to the others’ responses. To establish intra‐rater reliability, each radiologist rated 25 of the films for a second time. Results: Reliability was assessed using Q‐type correlations for raw scores and Cohen's kappa for dichotomised scores. Inter‐rater correlations ranged from 0.57 confidence interval (CI) (0.38, 0.72) to 0.83 CI (0.74, 0.90). Inter‐rater kappas ranged from 0.28 CI (0.06, 0.50) to 0.72 CI (0.50, 0.94). Intra‐rater correlations ranged from 0.68 CI (0.38, 0.84) to 0.92 CI (0.82, 0.96) and intra‐rater kappas ranged from 0.26 CI (−0.08, 0.60) to 0.90 CI (0.70, 0.99). Conclusion: This method of assessing and reporting faecal loading in older people has an acceptable level of reliability for four of the five radiologists. The scale was considered appropriate for use in the larger study, where its validity was tested.
Chronic medical conditions as predictors of functional disability in an older population in Taiwan
Authors: Chiu Herng‐Chia , Mau Lih‐Wen , Tasi Wen‐Ling , Hsieh Ying‐Hui , Liu Hong‐Wen 
Published: May 2004

Objective: As there is little understanding of disability processes in Taiwanese elders, the present study aimed to identify medical predictors of the incidence of activities of daily living (ADL) disability. Method: A total of 903 subjects were studied over a 4‐year period (1994–1998). The measurement instrument was the Chinese‐version Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire (CMFAQ). Only the subjects free of ADL disability at baseline were included in separate logistic regression models to predict disability in physical and instrumental ADL. Results: The hypothesised associations between chronic conditions and future functional disability were cross‐nationally confirmed. Arthritis, diabetes and hypertension were significantly predictive of the onset of physical ADL (PADL) disability; diabetes was the only medical predictor of instrumental ADL (IADL) disability. Age and educational level were significant predictors of PADL and IADL. Conclusions: Prevention programs for chronic disease need to pay more attention not only to the disabled population, but also to secondary prevention among those elders who have higher medical risk of developing disability.
Prevalence of coronary heart disease and cardiovascular risk factors in a sample of older Australians: Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Harris Josephine , Giles Lynne , Finucane Paul , Andrews Gary 
Published: May 2004

Objectives: To describe the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and characterise cardiovascular risk factors in elderly Australians. Methods: At entry into the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ALSA), 1075 participants aged 70 years and over provided cardiovascular data by questionnaire, clinical assessment and laboratory measurements. Results and Conclusion: A total of 201 participants (18.7%) were defined as having CHD, 138 participants (12.9%) had diabetes and 652 (61.3%) had systolic hypertension. Prevalent CHD was associated with male sex, older age, lower high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low diastolic blood pressure and use of antihypertensive medication. While many ‘traditional’ cardiovascular risk factors were not significantly associated with CHD in this cross‐sectional analysis, follow‐up of this sample will allow a longitudinal assessment of their relationship with CHD in older Australians.
New Real-Time PCR Assay for Rapid Detection of Methicillin- ResistantStaphylococcus aureusDirectly from Specimens Containing a Mixture of Staphylococci
Authors: Huletsky A. , Giroux R. , Rossbach V. , Gagnon M. , Vaillancourt M. , Bernier M. , Gagnon F. , Truchon K. , Bastien M. , Picard F. J. , van Belkum A. , Ouellette M. , Roy P. H. , Bergeron M. G. 
Published: May 2004

ABSTRACTMolecular methods for the rapid identification of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) are generally based on the detection of anS. aureus-specific gene target and themecAgene. However, such methods cannot be applied for the direct detection of MRSA from nonsterile specimens such as nasal samples without the previous isolation, capture, or enrichment of MRSA because these samples often contain both coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) andS. aureus, either of which can carrymecA.In this study, we describe a real-time multiplex PCR assay which allows the detection of MRSA directly from clinical specimens containing a mixture of staphylococci in <1 h. Five primers specific to the different staphylococcal cassette chromosomemec(SCCmec) right extremity sequences, including three new sequences, were used in combination with a primer and three molecular beacon probes specific to theS. aureuschromosomalorfXgene sequences located to the right of the SCCmecintegration site. Of the 1,657 MRSA isolates tested, 1,636 (98.7%) were detected with the PCR assay, whereas 26 of 569 (4.6%) methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(MSSA) strains were misidentified as MRSA. None of the 62 nonstaphylococcal bacterial species or the 212 methicillin-resistant or 74 methicillin-susceptible CoNS strains (MRCoNS and MSCoNS, respectively) were detected by the assay. The amplification of MRSA was not inhibited in the presence of high copy numbers of MSSA, MRCoNS, or MSCoNS. The analytical sensitivity of the PCR assay, as evaluated with MRSA-negative nasal specimens containing a mixture of MSSA, MRCoNS, and MSCoNS spiked with MRSA, was ∼25 CFU per nasal sample. This real-time PCR assay represents a rapid and powerful method which can be used for the detection of MRSA directly from specimens containing a mixture of staphylococci.
Use of Genome Level-Informed PCR as a New Investigational Approach for Analysis of Outbreak-Associated
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Isolates
Authors: Rajakumar Kumar , Shafi Jamila , Smith Rebecca J. , Stabler Richard A. , Andrew Peter W. , Modha Deborah , Bryant Gerry , Monk Philip , Hinds Jason , Butcher Philip D. , Barer Michael R. 
Published: May 2004

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
strain CH, the index isolate linked to a major tuberculosis outbreak associated with high levels of transmissibility and virulence, was characterized by microarray analysis by use of a PCR product array representative of the genome of
M. tuberculosis
strain H37Rv. Seven potential genomic deletions were identified in CH, five of which were confirmed by PCR analysis across the predicted deletion points. The panel of five PCRs required to individually interrogate these loci was collectively referred to as the genome level-informed PCR (GLIP) assay. GLIP analysis was performed with CH, 12 other epidemiologically linked isolates, and 43 recent, non-outbreak-associated isolates derived from patients within the local area. All 13 outbreak-linked isolates showed a profile corresponding to the presence of all five deletions. These 13 isolates were also found to share common variable-number tandem repeat and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit profiles. None of the 43 non-outbreak-associated isolates exhibited the five-deletion profile. Although three individual deletions were present in upwards of 44% of the non-outbreak-associated isolates, no single-deletion isolates were detected. Interestingly, none of these deletions had been previously recognized, and sequence analysis of the immediate flanking regions in CH failed to identify a likely mechanism of deletion for four of the five loci. The GLIP assay also proved valuable in ongoing surveillance of the outbreak, rapidly identifying a further two outbreak-associated cases months after the initial cluster and, importantly, dismissing a further 12 epidemiologically suspect cases, which allowed the optimum deployment of public health resources.
Sequencing and Comparative Analysis of Flagellin Genes
fliC
,
fljB
, and
flpA
from
Salmonella
Authors: McQuiston J. R. , Parrenas R. , Ortiz-Rivera M. , Gheesling L. , Brenner F. , Fields P. I. 
Published: May 2004

ABSTRACT

Salmonella
isolates have traditionally been classified by serotyping, the serologic identification of two surface antigens, O-polysaccharide and flagellin protein. Serotyping has been of great value in understanding the epidemiology of
Salmonella
and investigating disease outbreaks; however, production and quality control of the hundreds of antisera required for serotyping is difficult and time-consuming. To circumvent the problems associated with antiserum production, we began the development of a system for determination of serotype in
Salmonella
based on DNA markers. To identify flagellar antigen-specific sequences, we sequenced 280 alleles of the three genes that are known to encode flagellin in
Salmonella
,
fliC
,
fljB
, and
flpA
, representing 67 flagellar antigen types. Analysis of the data indicated that the sequences from
fliC
,
fljB
, and
flpA
clustered by the antigen(s) they encode not by locus. The sequences grouped into four clusters based on their conserved regions. Three of the four clusters included multiple flagellar antigen types and were designated the G complex, the Z4 complex, and the α cluster. The fourth cluster contained a single antigen type, H:z
29
. The amino acid sequences of the conserved regions within each cluster have greater than 95% amino acid identity, whereas the conserved regions differ substantially between clusters (75 to 85% identity). Substantial sequence heterogeneity existed between alleles encoding different flagellar antigens while alleles encoding the same flagellar antigen were homologous, suggesting that flagellin genes may be useful targets for the molecular determination of flagellar antigen type.
Prevalence and Characterization of a Binary Toxin (Actin-Specific ADP-Ribosyltransferase) from
Clostridium difficile
Authors: Gonçalves Carina , Decré Dominique , Barbut Frédéric , Burghoffer Béatrice , Petit Jean-Claude 
Published: May 2004

ABSTRACT

In addition to the two large clostridial cytotoxins (TcdA and TcdB), some strains of
Clostridium difficile
also produce an actin-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase, called binary toxin CDT. We used a PCR method and Southern blotting for the detection of genes encoding the enzymatic (CDTa) and binding (CDTb) components of the binary toxin in 369 strains isolated from patients with suspected
C. difficile
-associated diarrhea or colitis. Twenty-two strains (a prevalence of 6%) harbored both genes. When binary toxin production was assessed by Western blotting, 19 of the 22 strains reacted with antisera against the iota toxin of
C. perfringens
(anti-Ia and anti-Ib). Additionally, binary toxin activity, detected by the ADP-ribosyltransferase assay, was present in only 17 of the 22 strains. Subsequently, all 22 binary toxin-positive strains were tested for the production of toxins TcdA and TcdB, toxinotyped, and characterized by serogrouping, PCR ribotyping, arbitrarily primed PCR, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. All binary toxin-positive strains also produced TcdB and/or TcdA. However, they had significant changes in the
tcdA
and
tcdB
genes and belonged to variant toxinotypes III, IV, V, VII, IX, and XIII. We could differentiate 16 profiles by using typing methods, indicating that most of the binary toxin-positive strains were unrelated.