bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of vertical model levels on the prediction of MJO teleconnections. Part 2: The stratospheric pathway in the UFS global coupled model
Authors: Garfinkel Chaim , Wu Zheng , Yadav Priyanka , Lawrence Zachary , Domeisen Daniela , Zheng Cheng , Wang Jiabao , Jenney Andrea , Kim Hyemi , Schwartz Chen , Stan Cristiana 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

This study continues the evaluation of the prediction of MJO teleconnections in two versions of the NOAA Unified Forecast System (UFS): prototype 5 (UFS5) and prototype 6 (UFS6). The key difference between the two prototypes is in the number of vertical layers (127 in UFS6 vs. 64 in UFS5) and model top (80 km in UFS6 vs. 54 km in UFS5), and the role of this increased resolution for the stratospheric pathway of MJO teleconnections is explored. The higher resolution prototype (UFS6) suffers from larger biases in its representation of tropospheric stationary waves, though both simulate a reasonable flux of wave activity entering the stratosphere. The stratospheric polar vortex in both is over-sensitive to incoming wave activity, however both simulate a reasonable downward propagation of vortex anomalies within the stratosphere and down to the troposphere. The net effect is that both simulate the stratospheric pathway of the MJO better than has been documented for any forecasting system. This allows them to predict, e.g., near-surface temperature over Eurasia with some skill on subseasonal timescales (week 3 to 5). However this success could be the result of ``two wrongs making a right", and as individual biases are fixed, skill could temporarily be reduced. Overall, the two prototypes show similar performance in simulating the stratospheric route, suggesting that in the UFS, the increase in model vertical resolution has limited impact on the prediction of MJO teleconnections via the stratosphere.
Dysregulation of Neuropilin-2 Expression in Inhibitory Neurons Impairs Hippocampal Circuit Development Leading to Autism-Epilepsy Phenotype
Authors: Santhakumar Vijjayalakshmi , Subramanian Deepak , Eisenberg Carol , Huang Andrew , Baek Jiyeon , Naveed Haniya , Komatireddy Samiksha , Shiflett Michael , Tran Tracy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Dysregulation of development, migration, and function of interneurons, collectively termed interneuronopathies, have been proposed as a shared mechanism for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and childhood epilepsy. Neuropilin-2 (Nrp2), a candidate ASD gene, is a critical regulator of interneuron migration from the median ganglionic eminence (MGE) to the pallium, including the hippocampus. While clinical studies have identified Nrp2 polymorphisms in patients with ASD, whether dysregulation of Nrp2-dependent interneuron migration contributes to pathogenesis of ASD and epilepsy has not been tested. We tested the hypothesis that the lack of Nrp2 in MGE-derived interneuron precursors disrupts the excitation/inhibition balance in hippocampal circuits, thus predisposing the network to seizures and behavioral patterns associated with ASD. Embryonic deletion of Nrp2 during the developmental period for migration of MGE derived interneuron precursors (iCKO) significantly reduced parvalbumin, neuropeptide Y, and somatostatin positive neurons in the hippocampal CA1. Consequently, when compared to controls, the frequency of inhibitory synaptic currents in CA1 pyramidal cells was reduced while frequency of excitatory synaptic currents was increased in iCKO mice. Although passive and active membrane properties of CA1 pyramidal cells were unchanged, iCKO mice showed enhanced susceptibility to chemically evoked seizures. Moreover, iCKO mice exhibited selective behavioral deficits in both preference for social novelty and goal-directed learning, which are consistent with ASD-like phenotype. Together, our findings show that disruption of developmental Nrp2 regulation of interneuron circuit establishment, produces ASD-like behaviors and enhanced risk for epilepsy. These results support the developmental interneuronopathy hypothesis of ASD epilepsy comorbidity.
In vivo affinity maturation of the HIV-1 Env-binding domain of CD4
Authors: Farzan Michael , Pan Andi , Bailey Charles , Ou Tianling , Xu Jinge , Liu Xin , Hu Baodan , Crynen Gogce , Skamangas Nickolas , Bronkema Naomi , Tran Mai , Mu Huihui , Zhang Xia , Yin Yiming , Alpert Michael , He Wenhui 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Many human proteins have been repurposed as biologics for clinical use. These proteins have been engineered with in vitro techniques that improve affinity for their ligands. However, these approaches do not select against properties that impair efficacy such as protease sensitivity or self-reactivity. Here we engineer the B-cell receptor of primary murine B cells to express a human protein biologic without disrupting their ability to affinity mature. Specifically, CD4 domains 1 and 2 (D1D2) of a half-life enhanced-HIV-1 entry inhibitor CD4-Ig (CD4-Ig-v0) were introduced into the heavy-chain loci of murine B cells, which were then adoptively transferred to wild-type mice. After immunization, transferred B cells proliferated, class switched, affinity matured, and efficiently produced D1D2-presenting antibodies. Somatic hypermutations found in the D1D2-encoding region of engrafted B cells improved binding affinity of CD4-Ig-v0 for the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) and the neutralization potency of CD4-Ig-v0 by more than ten-fold across a global panel of HIV-1 isolates, without impairing its pharmacokinetic properties. Thus, affinity maturation of non-antibody protein biologics in vivo can guide development of more effective therapeutics.
The Effects of Simulation Training on Perineal Repair among Midwifery Students: A Quasi-Experiment Study
Authors: Pajohideh Zahra Sadat , Mohammadi Solmaz , Keshmiri Fatemeh , Honarmandpour Azam , Jahanimehr Azam 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background The increase in cesarean deliveries as well as the decrease in normal deliveries and episiotomies in midwifery practice has reduced the experience of midwifery students in perineum repair. This study examined the effect of perineal repair simulation training on the clinical skills of midwifery students by designing, implementing and evaluating simulation models in procedural education.Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 60 midwifery students in intervention and control groups at Shoushtar, Iran, from September 2018 to August 2021. The intervention group participants received simulation training, while the control group participants took part in workplace-based training. These students' perineal repair skills were assessed in the 5th and 6th semesters. Students' skills were assessed in the real clinical environment using an observational examination. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, chi-square test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) in SPSS software. All p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results The mean score of perineal repair skill in the control group was 41.52 ± 3.33 and in the simulation training group was 49.73 ± 6.83. The difference in the skill score between the groups was statistically significant (8.21 ± 1.16) (p < 0.001). The results showed that, in the intervention group, 25 (83.33%) students were at a good to an excellent level, while in the control group 21 (70.00%) students were at an average skill level, and the rest were at a low level (p < 0.001).Conclusions The results of the present study indicated that the simulation for critical skills such as perineal repair skills was significantly more effective than workplace-based learning situations.
Genomic Epidemiology of CVA10 in Guangdong, China, 2013-2021
Authors: Lian Huimin , Yi Lina , Qiu Ming , Li Baisheng , Sun Limei , Zeng Huiling , Zeng Biao , Yang Fen , Yang Haiyi , Yang Mingda , Xie Chunyan , Qu Lin , Lin Huifang , Hu Pengwei , Xu Shaojian , Zeng Hanri , Lu Jing 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a highly contagious viral illness that primarily affects children globally. A significant epidemiological transition has been noted in mainland China, characterized by a substantial increase in HFMD cases caused by non-EV-A71 and non-CVA6 enteroviruses. Our study undertakes a retrospective examination of 36,461 enterovirus-positive specimens collected from Guangdong, China, from 2013 to 2021. Epidemiological trends suggest that, following 2013, CVA6 and CVA10 have risen to be the primary etiological agents for HFMD. In stark contrast, the incidence of EV-A71 has sharply declined, nearing extinction after 2018. Notably, CVA10 infection cases were considerably younger, with a median age of 1.8 years, compared to 2.3 years for those with EV-A71 infections, which may correlate with accumulated EV-A71-specific herd immunity among young children. Through extensive genomic sequencing and analysis, we identified the N136D mutation in the 2A protein, contributing to a predominant subcluster within genogroup C of CVA10 that has been circulating in Guangdong since 2017. Additionally, a high frequency of recombination events was observed in genogroup F of CVA10, suggesting that the prevalence of this lineage might be underrecognized. The dynamic landscape of enterovirus genotypes, along with their potential to cause outbreaks, underscores the need to broaden surveillance efforts to include a more diverse spectrum of enterovirus genotypes. Moreover, considering the shifting dominance of enterovirus genotypes, it may be prudent to re-evaluate and optimize existing vaccination strategies, which are currently focused primarily on EV-A71.
A multi-targeting immunotherapy ameliorates multiple facets of Alzheimer’ s disease in 3xTg mice
Authors: Wu Hui , Feng Xuejian , Hou Yunyu , Liu Jiaxin , Yan Fei , Dai Mingrui , Chen Mo , Wang Jianan , Li Jie , Liu Zhenjiang , Sun Dong , Zhang Yong , Yu Xianghui , Kong Wei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Alzheimer’ s disease (AD) is a intricate disorder involving amyloid deposits, neurofibrillary tangles, and chronic neuroinflammation. Though current Aβ-directed immunotherapies effectively eliminate amyloid plaques, their limited clinical benefits and notable safety concerns arise from overlooking two other neglecting neurodegenerative features. Compelling evidence highlights synergistic cooperation between Aβ and tau, underscoring the imperative need of developing combinational therapies to target he diverse pathologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our prior studies had demonstrated the effectiveness of Aβ epitope and hyperphosphorylated tau (pTau) epitope vaccines in reducing AD pathology in corresponding transgenic mouse models.. In this study, we present a dual AD vaccine combining Aβ and pTau vaccines, eliciting robust and enduring antibody responses against pathological Aβ and pTau in 3xTg transgenic mice. The combinational vaccine significantly eradicated Aβ plaques and pTau tangles, markedly enhancing cognitive abilities in AD model mice compared to individual vaccines. Additionally, the combined vaccine suppressed neuroinflammatory factors, including gliosis and proinflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, peripheral antibodies from the dual vaccine penetrated the brain, recognizing and inhibiting Aβ and pTau aggregation, thereby reducing their cytotoxicity. In summary, this innovative multi-targeting immunotherapy remarkably ameliorates diverse AD pathologies, demonstrating maximum benefits in slowing the clinical progression of this heterogeneous disease.
Development and validation of a blood-based genomic mutation signature for predicting the risk of brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Fang Jiabin , Chen Lina , Pan Shuyao , Li Qing , Liu Siqiang , Chen Sufang , Yang Xiaojie , Zhang Qiongyao , Chen Yusheng , Li Hongru 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Available research indicates that the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway is significantly correlated with lung cancer brain metastasis (BM). This study established a clinical predictive model for assessing the risk of BM based on the mTORC1-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
Methods
The clinical data of 395 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were retrospectively analyzed. Variables associated with the risk of BM were identified by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression and included to establish a logistic model (Model A). These variables were further combined with SNPs from the peripheral blood samples to construct another logistic model (Model B). The predictive performance of both models was compared and the internal validation of the models was performed based on 1,000 bootstrap samples.
Results
Model A incorporated histology, clinical N stage, CEA, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio. Model A and B showed an arear under the curve of 0.841 and 0.848 in the training set, and of 0.796 and 0.798 in the internal validation, respectively. The calibration curves and Hosmer-Lemeshow tests reported a good fit for both models. The continuous net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) tests, and decision curve analysis (DCA) revealed a superior predictive performance for Model B when compared with Model A.
Conclusion
The mTORC1-related SNPs in the peripheral blood can greatly facilitate the prediction of NSCLC brain metastasis, signifying its promising clinical value for an early detection and intervention for the NSCLC population.
Reducing single use plastics in dental practice: a quality improvement project
Authors: Hashemizadeh Ali , Lyne Alexandra , Liddicott Meg 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction. Climate change is a major issue facing the global population. Healthcare services, including dentistry, have an obligation to examine current practice and reduce the carbon footprint of their services. Single-use plastics, for example those used to cover dental equipment, are not necessarily essential for cross infection purposes.

Materials and Methods. This quality improvement project was carried out in 2023 across 12 dental practices in the North London Dental Foundation Training (DFT) Scheme. Baseline financial and environmental costs were estimated for the weekly single-use barrier plastics used in each practice. This was communicated to each practice. Practices using single-use plastics were contacted 3 months later to see if they had made any changes.

Results. 10 out of 12 practices were using one or more of the single-use plastics at baseline, with an estimated carbon footprint ranging from 0.07 to 27.02 kg CO2e per week. 3 practices reduced or eliminated their single-use plastics as a result of this quality improvement project, which resulted in an equivalent saving of 46.87 kg CO2e per week.

Discussion. The removal of non-essential single use plastics in the dental practice is an economically and environmentally sustainable change, that should be considered in all dental settings.
Instantaneous Response of Twisted Porous Fluid-Saturated Cylinder with an Ogden-type Material Behavior Skeleton
Authors: Suvorov Alexander 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

In this paper we obtain expressions for the stresses and fluid pressure developed over the short term in the porous fluid-saturated cylinder subjected to a finite twist deformation. The twist is applied to the cylinder in a fast rate so that the fluid pressure is nonzero. The material of the skeleton of the porous cylinder is hyperelastic of Ogden-type. The problem is similar to the torsion problem of incompressible hyperelastic materials except that for the porous fluid-saturated material the fluid pressure quantity also becomes of interest.
Estimation of Drilling Rate Index Using Artificial Neural Networks and Regression Analysis
Authors: Yetkin Mustafa Emre , Özfırat Muharrem Kemal , Özfırat Pınar Mızrak , Elmacı Deniz 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In underground development gallery and tunnelling operations, the drillability properties of rocks have been studied by researchers in recently. Efficiency in excavation and drilling operations mainly depends on the success of mine production processes. Therefore, it is necessary to know the drillability properties of the formation to be excavated or drilled. This information can be obtained by detailed and costly field experiments. In this study, it is investigated whether the drillability properties of rocks can be determined rapidly and reliably depending on the brittleness index of the rocks. Brittleness index is a coefficient used in many mining designs. There exist a number of equations in literature to compute brittleness index of rocks. In this study, a new equation has been proposed for brittleness index as Bnew= \(\frac{\sqrt{{{}_{c}}^{2}+{{}_{t}}^{2}}}{\sqrt{2}{}_{t} }\). Effectiveness of this equation has been tested using linear and multiple regression models and has been compared with other brittleness equations in literature. In addition to Bnew index, effect of uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, three other brittleness equations, shore hardness and density variables are examined on drilling rate index value of rocks. Univariate regression, multiple regression and artificial neural networks are employed to estimate drilling rate index using these variables. Results have shown that using second degree multiple regression models and artificial neural networks drilling rate index can be estimated effectively.
Novel Gene Signatures Predictive of Patient Recurrence-free Survival in HR+HER2- Breast Cancer
Authors: Jin Ming-Liang , Jin Xi , Shao Zhi-Ming 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Predicting relapse-free survival (RFS) and understanding the molecular characteristics of endocrine therapy resistance are crucial for determining the treatment decision-making process in HR+/HER2- breast cancer patients. To address this, the main purpose of this study was to develop a signature to predict RFS in HR+/HER2- breast cancer patients
Methods
We analyzed transcriptome and clinical data from 856 patients with HR + HER2- breast cancer in the FUSCC cohort and 1140 patients in the METABRIC cohort. We identified 21 genes that were differentially expressed between endocrine therapy-sensitive and endocrine therapy -resistant tumors. Using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and stepwise Cox regression analysis, we developed a 13-gene signature, named the endocrine therapy resistant prognosis signature (ETRPS), to predict RFS in HR+/HER2-related breast cancer patients.
Results
Our analysis identified 21 genes that were differentially expressed between endocrine therapy-sensitive and endocrine therapy-resistant tumors. The ETRPS, a 13-gene signature, effectively predicted RFS in HR+/HER2- breast cancer patients, even in patients with negative lymph nodes. To validate the utility of ETRPS, we applied it to five external cohorts, demonstrating its widespread application value.
Conclusion
These findings provide valuable insights into the prediction of RFS and endocrine therapy resistance in HR+/HER2- breast cancer patients. The ETRPS signature may serve as a useful tool for determining treatment decision-making processes and for predicting patient outcomes in this breast cancer subtype.
Approximated acceleration modes-based detection method for violent video
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zeng Bohao , Yu Sentao , li Long , Wang Meng , Hu Jin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

This paper first introduces the Pixel Tracking methods to solve the optical flow information from the original video frames, based on which the optical flow field is established. In this paper, the LFN2-2DCNN-ConvLSTM velocity recognition model is constructed based on the optical flow field, and the Acc-2DCNN-ConvLSTM acceleration recognition model is further constructed based on the velocity features. Among them, this paper innovatively gives a regionalized approximation method to approximate the acceleration feature sequence, obtains an efficient approximation of optical flow feature information under acceleration modes, and obtains the velocity and acceleration modes under CBAM mechanism centralized data. We verified the accuracy of the data in our experiments.
Dynamical Analysis of Malaria and Ebola Co-infection Fractional Model
Authors: Ullah Samee , Hyo Jung Il , Zaman Gul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we use fractional order derivative in the form of Caputo Fabrizio to study the dynamical behavior of the co-infection model of Malaria and Ebola. First, we use fixed-point theory, to demonstrate both the existence and uniqueness of the proposed model. Then, we show that the model is well-posed. Adam-Bash fourth technique. Finally, the numerical outcomes are provided by defending the importance of the arbitrary fraction order derivative using a set of parameter values. The graphical outcomes demonstrated that the co-infection of Malaria and Ebola in Caputo Fabrizio’s fractional model provides useful information. This study helps to understand the complexity of the co-infection model that is valid and reliable for both integer and non-integer orders.
Subject Classification: 92D30, 34D05
Specimens with the effect anisotropy of mass
Authors: Salamatin Serhii 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A test body is an object that is used to investigate various physical phenomena. It should be measurable and represent the class of objects being studied. Using test bodies, we can conduct various experiments, measure physical quantities, test the predictions of theories and establish new physical laws or clarify already known ones. In this way, test bodies play an important role in the development of the physical sciences and provide a deeper understanding of the basic principles and laws of nature. The obtaining of a new type of test bodies and a method for the measurement of their parameters is the main task of the research carried out. The article describes the technique of obtaining specimens with the anisotropy of mass property and measuring its value. With the application of a new type of test body and measurement method, our research capabilities can be greatly expanded, and they can open up new directions for development. One of the most important tasks should be the theoretical explanation of the discovered anisotropy of mass property of specimens.
A Generalized Model of Growth in the Data Economy
Authors: Xie Danxia , Zhang Longtian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we develop a generalized model to describe the long-run effects of various data types. In addition to the conventional data types generated from consumption activities, we introduce two new types---producer data and nature data---generated from the production process and nature, respectively. To utilize these data, labor is required to collect and clean them; however, we assume no privacy concerns as in previous studies that solely focus on consumer data. Our investigation delves into the balanced growth path and find that the economy's growth rate is higher than that derived from the model using consumer data alone---a revelation previously unreported in existing studies. Moreover, we extend our analysis to incorporate all data types and present a comprehensive picture of the transformations of different growth regimes. Our framework has novel and crucial implications for understanding the developing trend of the data economy.
JEL Classification: O33, O38, and O41