bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disentangling the link between maternal influences on birth weight and disease risk in 36,211 genotyped mother–child pairs
Authors: Leinonen Jaakko T. ,   FinnGen, Pirinen Matti , Tukiainen Taru 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEpidemiological studies have robustly linked lower birth weight to later-life disease risks. These observations may reflect the adverse impact of intrauterine growth restriction on a child’s health. However, causal evidence supporting such a mechanism in humans is largely lacking. Using Mendelian Randomization and 36,211 genotyped mother-child pairs from the FinnGen study, we assessed the relationship between intrauterine growth and five common health outcomes (coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension, statin use, type 2 diabetes and cancer). We proxied intrauterine growth with polygenic scores for maternal effects on birth weight and took into account the transmission of genetic variants between a mother and a child in the analyses. We find limited evidence for contribution of normal variation in maternally influenced intrauterine growth on later-life disease. Instead, we find support for genetic pleiotropy in the fetal genome linking birth weight to CHD and hypertension. Our study illustrates the opportunities that data from genotyped parent-child pairs from a population-based biobank provides for addressing causality of maternal influences.
Strain engineering of nonlinear nanoresonators from hardening to softening
Authors: Li Zichao , Xu Minxing , Norte Richard A. , Aragón Alejandro M. , Steeneken Peter G. , Alijani Farbod 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough strain engineering and soft-clamping techniques for attaining high Q-factors in nanoresonators have received much attention, their impact on nonlinear dynamics is not fully understood. In this study, we show that nonlinearity of high-Q Si3N4 nanomechanical string resonators can be substantially tuned by support design. Through careful engineering of support geometries, we control both stress and mechanical nonlinearities, effectively tuning nonlinear stiffness of two orders of magnitude. Our approach also allows control over the sign of the Duffing constant resulting in nonlinear softening of the mechanical mode that conventionally exhibits hardening behavior. We elucidate the influence of support design on the magnitude and trend of the nonlinearity using both analytical and finite element-based reduced-order models that validate our experimental findings. Our work provides evidence of the role of soft-clamping on the nonlinear dynamic response of nanoresonators, offering an alternative pathway for nullifying or enhancing nonlinearity in a reproducible and passive manner.
Transient wave activity in snow avalanches is controlled by entrainment and topography
Authors: Li Xingyue , Sovilla Betty , Gray John Mark Nicholas Timm , Gaume Johan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWaves are omnipresent in avalanches on Earth and other planets. The dynamic nature of waves makes them dangerous in geological hazards such as debris flows, turbidity currents, lava flows, and snow avalanches. Extensive research on granular waves has been carried out by using theoretical and numerical approaches with idealized assumptions. However, the mechanism of waves in realistic complex situations remains intangible, as it is notoriously difficult to capture complex granular waves on real terrain. Here, we leverage a recently developed hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian numerical scheme and an elastoplastic constitutive model to investigate the processes involved in waves of snow avalanches, including erosion, deposition, and flow instability induced by terrain irregularity. This enables us to naturally simulate roll-waves, erosion-deposition waves, and their transitions in a single large-scale snow avalanche on real terrain. Simulated wave features show satisfactory consistency with field data obtained with different radar technologies. Based on a dimensionless analysis, the wave mechanics is not only controlled by the Froude number and local topography but also by the mass of the wave which governs the entrainment propensity. This study offers new insights into wave mechanisms of snow avalanches and provides a novel and promising pathway for exploring transient waves in granular mass movements.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: A naturally occurring Al-Cu-Fe-Si quasicrystal in a micrometeorite from southern Italy
Authors: Agrosì Giovanna , Manzari Paola , Mele Daniela , Tempesta Gioacchino , Rizzo Floriana , Catelani Tiziano , Bindi Luca 
Published: February 2024

AbstractQuasicrystals, solids with rotational symmetries forbidden for crystals, are usually synthesized in the laboratory by mixing specific ratios of selected elemental components in the liquid and quenching under strictly controlled protocols. Nevertheless, the discovery of Al-Cu-Fe natural quasicrystals in the Khatyrka meteorite showed that these exotic phases could also form in high-velocity impact-induced shock events introducing an endeavour to search them in cosmic material. Here we report the discovery of an extraterrestrial icosahedral quasicrystal with an unusual composition Al51.7(6)Cu30.8(9)Fe10.3(4)Si7.2(9), ideally Al52Cu31Fe10Si7, found in a scoriaceous micrometeorite, named FB-A1, recovered at the top of Mt. Gariglione (Italy). The chemistry of the icosahedral phase was characterized by electron microprobe, and the rotational symmetry was confirmed by means of electron backscatter diffraction. The FB-A1 micrometeorite represents the third independent discovery of naturally occurring intermetallic Al-Cu-Fe-(Si) alloys in extraterrestrial bodies and the second case of extraterrestrial material containing a natural quasicrystal, after Khatyrka meteorite.
Markers of imminent myocardial infarction
Authors: Gustafsson Stefan , Lampa Erik , Jensevik Eriksson Karin , Butterworth Adam S. , Elmståhl Sölve , Engström Gunnar , Hveem Kristian , Johansson Mattias , Langhammer Arnulf , Lind Lars , Läll Kristi , Masala Giovanna , Metspalu Andres , Moreno-Iribas Conchi , Nilsson Peter M. , Perola Markus , Simell Birgit , Sipsma Hemmo , Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Ingelsson Erik , Hammar Ulf , Ganna Andrea , Svennblad Bodil , Fall Tove , Sundström Johan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMyocardial infarction is a leading cause of death globally but is notoriously difficult to predict. We aimed to identify biomarkers of an imminent first myocardial infarction and design relevant prediction models. Here, we constructed a new case–cohort consortium of 2,018 persons without prior cardiovascular disease from six European cohorts, among whom 420 developed a first myocardial infarction within 6 months after the baseline blood draw. We analyzed 817 proteins and 1,025 metabolites in biobanked blood and 16 clinical variables. Forty-eight proteins, 43 metabolites, age, sex and systolic blood pressure were associated with the risk of an imminent first myocardial infarction. Brain natriuretic peptide was most consistently associated with the risk of imminent myocardial infarction. Using clinically readily available variables, we devised a prediction model for an imminent first myocardial infarction for clinical use in the general population, with good discriminatory performance and potential for motivating primary prevention efforts.
Marine ecosystem-based management: challenges remain, yet solutions exist, and progress is occurring
Authors: Haugen J. B. , Link J. S. , Cribari K. , Bundy A. , Dickey-Collas M. , Leslie H. M. , Hall J. , Fulton E. A. , Levenson J. J. , Parsons D. M. , Hassellöv I.-M , Olsen E. , DePiper G. S. , Gentry R. R. , Clark D. E. , Brainard R. E. , Mateos-Molina D. , Borja A. , Gelcich S. , Guilhon M. , Ban N. C. , Pedreschi D. , Khan A. , Chuenpagdee R. , Large S. I. , Defeo O. , Shannon L. , Bailey S. A. , Jordan A. , Agnalt A. L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMarine ecosystem-based management (EBM) is recognized as the best practice for managing multiple ocean-use sectors, explicitly addressing tradeoffs among them. However, implementation is perceived as challenging and often slow. A poll of over 150 international EBM experts revealed progress, challenges, and solutions in EBM implementation worldwide. Subsequent follow-up discussions with over 40 of these experts identified remaining impediments to further implementation of EBM: governance; stakeholder engagement; support; uncertainty about and understanding of EBM; technology and data; communication and marketing. EBM is often portrayed as too complex or too challenging to be fully implemented, but we report that identifiable and achievable solutions exist (e.g., political will, persistence, capacity building, changing incentives, and strategic marketing of EBM), for most of these challenges and some solutions can solve many impediments simultaneously. Furthermore, we are advancing in key components of EBM by practitioners who may not necessarily realize they are doing so under different paradigms. These findings indicate substantial progress on EBM, more than previously reported.
Comparative analysis of supercritical fluid-based and chemical-based decellularization techniques for nerve tissue regeneration
Authors: Kim Beom-Seok , Kim Jeong-Uk , Lee Jae Woo , Ryu Kyung Min , Koh Rachel H. , So Kyoung-Ha , Hwang Nathaniel S. 
Published: February 2024

The supercritical (SC) fluid-based method were utilized for nerve tissue decellualrization. In vitro, vivo assessments underscore its potential for advanced tissue engineering and regenerative applications.
Retrospective Analysis of the Outcomes of Genetic Testing in Patients Suspected to Have Hereditary Hearing Loss or Deafness
Authors: Bowden Acacia , Hubbel Alexandra , Smith Lindsay , Wang Hongyue , Fong Chin-To 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
Uncorrected hearing loss can result in detrimental sequelae. Research addressing clinical presentation and genetic testing would inform clinical decision making.

Method:

A retrospective chart review of 96 patients aged 1 month to 46 years (median age

= 6 years) diagnosed with hearing loss or deafness and who underwent genetic testing at University of Rochester Medical Center from 2011 to 2021. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests examined the relationship between a diagnostic positive genetic test result and various characteristics of hearing loss, including congenital (
n
= 52), noncongenital (
n
= 34), prelingual (
n
= 53), postlingual (
n
= 33), progressive (
n
= 13), not progressive (
n
= 47), bilateral (
n
= 67), unilateral (
n
= 26), sensorineural (
n
= 68), conductive (
n
= 14), mixed (
n
= 5), syndromic (
n
= 10), and nonsyndromic (
n
= 87) hearing loss. We also examined the number of patients with presence of developmental disabilities (
n
= 35), having a first-degree relative with hearing loss (
n
= 19), having hearing aids or cochlear implants (
n
= 45), and having a multisystem presentation prior to diagnosis (
n
= 45).

Results:

Patients with sensorineural hearing loss (44.1%) had significantly more diagnostic positive results than those with mixed (0%) or conductive hearing loss (21.4%),
p
= .004. However, significantly fewer patients with disabilities (19.4%) had diagnostic positive tests than those without disabilities (43.3%),
p
< .05. More patients with a multisystem presentation were also found to have syndromic causes of hearing loss (23.3%) than patients who did not have a multisystem presentation,
p
< .05.

Conclusions:
Our study suggests a significant association between sensorineural type of hearing loss and a diagnostic positive genetic test result, while the presence of disabilities was significantly associated with a nondiagnostic genetic test result. Knowledge of these findings is critical for understanding the cause of the hearing loss, identifying other associated symptoms, and determining risk to family members.
Just-in-Time: A Caregiver-Mediated Intervention for Toddlers With Autism
Authors: Bailey Kathryn M. , Rodgers Mary E. , Quinn Emily D. , Thompson Suzanne , Nietfeld Jennifer , Kaiser Ann P. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
We investigated effects of an adaptive telehealth coaching model on caregiver implementation of enhanced milieu teaching (EMT) with newly diagnosed toddlers with autism.

Method:
Three caregiver–child dyads participated in a multiple-baseline-across-behaviors, single-case design. Caregivers were taught EMT via telehealth using the teach–model–coach–review approach. EMT strategies were taught sequentially in four components corresponding to design tiers. Caregivers reported their needs for support and adaptation via weekly surveys. Primary outcomes were measures of caregiver's implementation, including (a) a fidelity checklist for wholistic use of EMT and (b) a percentage of correct use of a subset of key EMT strategies (e.g., matched turns, target talk, expansions, play actions, milieu episodes). Generalization and maintenance of caregiver strategy use in uncoached home activities were measured. The number of different words used by children was measured as a secondary, descriptive outcome. Social validity data were collected through ratings and interviews at the end of the study.

Results:
There was a functional relation between the intervention and caregiver's implementation of EMT for all dyads. Caregiver's use of EMT strategies often generalized and maintained post-intervention. Child response to intervention was variable. Social validity data indicated that the model was beneficial to caregivers and children.

Conclusions:
An adaptive telehealth coaching model is effective for teaching caregivers of toddlers with autism to implement EMT and potentially helps to bridge the gap between diagnosis and comprehensive intervention. Further exploration of the relation between caregiver fidelity and dosage of active ingredients and child spoken language outcomes is needed.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25156223
ECG‐TransCovNet: A hybrid transformer model for accurate arrhythmia detection using Electrocardiogram signals
Authors: Shah Hasnain Ali , Saeed Faisal , Diyan Muhammad , Almujally Nouf Abdullah , Kang Jae‐Mo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAbnormalities in the heart's rhythm, known as arrhythmias, pose a significant threat to global health, often leading to severe cardiac conditions and sudden cardiac deaths. Therefore, early and accurate detection of arrhythmias is crucial for timely intervention and potentially life‐saving treatment. Artificial Intelligence, particularly deep learning, has revolutionised the detection and diagnosis of various health conditions, including arrhythmias. A unique hybrid architecture, ECG‐TransCovNet, that combines Convolutional Neural Networks and Transformer models for enhanced arrhythmia detection in Electrocardiogram signals is introduced. The authors’ approach leverages the superior temporal pattern recognition capabilities of Transformers and the spatial feature extraction strengths of convolutional neural networks, providing a robust and accurate solution for arrhythmia detection. The performance and generalisability of the authors’ proposed model are validated through tests on the MIT‐BIH arrhythmia and PhysioNet databases. The authors conducted experimental trials using these two benchmark datasets. The authors’ results demonstrate that the proposed ECG‐TransCovNet model achieves state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) performance in terms of detection accuracy, reaching 98.6%. Additionally, the authors conducted several experiments and compared the results to the most recent techniques utilising their assessment measures. The experimental results demonstrate that the authors’ model can generally produce better results.
The VMC survey
Authors: Sicignano T. , Ripepi V. , Marconi M. , Molinaro R. , Bhardwaj A. , Cioni M.-R. L. , de Grijs R. , Storm J. , Groenewegen M. A. T. , Ivanov V. D. , De Somma G. 
Published: February 2024

Context. Type II Cepheids (T2Cs) are the less frequently used counterparts of classical or type I Cepheids (CCs) which provide the primary calibration of the distance ladder for measuring the Hubble constant in the local Universe. In the era of the “Hubble tension”, T2C variables together with the RR Lyrae stars and the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) can potentially provide non-CC-dependent calibration of the cosmic distance ladder.
Aims. Our goal is to provide an absolute calibration of the period–luminosity, period–luminosity–colour, and period–Wesenheit relations (PL, PLC, and PW, respectively) of T2Cs in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), which traditionally serves as a crucial first anchor of the extragalactic distance ladder.
Methods. We exploited time-series photometry in the near-infrared (NIR) Y,  J, and Ks bands for a sample of approximately 320 T2Cs in the Magellanic Clouds (MCs). These observations were acquired during 2009–2018 in the context of the VISTA survey of the Magellanic Clouds system (VMC), an ESO public survey. We supplemented the NIR photometry from the VMC survey with well-sampled optical light curves and accurate pulsation periods from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) IV survey and the Gaia mission. We used the best-quality NIR light curves to generate custom templates for modelling sparsely sampled light curves in YJKs bands.
Results. The best-fitting YJKs template light curves were used to derive accurate and precise intensity-averaged mean magnitudes and pulsation amplitudes of 277 and 62 T2Cs in the LMC and SMC, respectively. We used optical and NIR mean magnitudes for different T2C subclasses (BLHer, WVir, and RVTau) to derive PL/PLC/PW relations in multiple bands, which were calibrated with the geometric distance to the LMC as derived from eclipsing binaries and with the Gaia parallaxes. We used our new empirical calibrations of PL and PW relations to obtain distances to 22 T2C-host Galactic globular clusters, which were found to be systematically smaller by ∼0.1 mag and 0.03−0.06 mag than in the literature when the zero points are calibrated with the distance of the LMC or Gaia parallaxes, respectively. Better agreement is found between our distances and those based on RR Lyrae stars in globular clusters, providing strong support for using these population II stars together with the TRGB for future distance scale studies.
Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) with TNG
Authors: Seshashayana S. Bijavara , Jönsson H. , D’Orazi V. , Nandakumar G. , Oliva E. , Bragaglia A. , Sanna N. , Romano D. , Spitoni E. , Karakas A. , Lugaro M. , Origlia L. 
Published: February 2024

Context. The age, evolution, and chemical properties of the Galactic disk can be effectively ascertained using open clusters. Within the large program Stellar Populations Astrophysics at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, we specifically focused on stars in open clusters, to investigate various astrophysical topics, from the chemical content of very young systems to the abundance patterns of lesser studied intermediate-age and old open clusters.
Aims. We investigate the astrophysically interesting element fluorine (F), which has an uncertain and intriguing cosmic origin. We also determine the abundance of cerium (Ce), as F abundance is expected to correlate with the s-process elements. We intend to determine the trend of F abundance across the Galactic disk as a function of metallicity and age. This will offer insights into Galactic chemical evolution models, potentially enhancing our comprehension of this element’s cosmic origin.
Methods. High-resolution near-infrared spectra were obtained using the GIANO-B spectrograph. The Python version of Spectroscopy Made Easy (PySME), was used to derive atmospheric parameters and abundances. The stellar parameters were determined using OH, CN, and CO molecular lines along with Fe I lines. The F and Ce abundances were inferred using two K-band HF lines (λλ 2.28, 2.33 µm) and two atomic H-band lines (λλ 1.66, and 1.71 µm), respectively.
Results. Of all the clusters in our sample, only King 11 had not been previously studied through medium- to high-resolution spectroscopy, and our stellar parameter and metallicity findings align well with those documented in the literature. We have successfully inferred F and Ce abundances in all seven open clusters and probed the radial and age distributions of abundance ratios. This paper presents the first F Galactic radial abundance gradient. Our results are also compared with literature estimates and with Galactic chemical evolution models that have been generated using different F production channels.
Conclusions. Our results indicate a constant, solar pattern in the [F/Fe] ratios across clusters of different ages, supporting the latest findings that fluorine levels do not exhibit any secondary behavior for stars with solar or above-solar metallicity. However, an exception to this trend is seen in NGC 6791, a metal-rich, ancient cluster whose chemical composition is distinct due to its enhanced fluorine abundance. This anomaly strengthens the hypothesis that NGC 6791 originated in the inner regions of the Galaxy before migrating to its present position. By comparing our sample stars with the predictions of Galactic chemical evolution models, we came to the conclusion that both asymptotic giant branch stars and massive stars, including a fraction of fast rotators that increase with decreasing metallicity, are needed to explain the cosmic origin of F.
Age uncertainties of red giants due to cumulative rotational mixing of progenitors calibrated by asteroseismology
Authors: Fritzewski D. J. , Aerts C. , Mombarg J. S. G. , Gossage S. , Van Reeth T. 
Published: February 2024

Context. Galactic archaeology largely relies on precise ages of distant evolved stars in the Milky Way. Nowadays, asteroseismology can deliver ages for many red giants observed with high-cadence, high-precision photometric space missions such as CoRoT, Kepler, K2, TESS, and soon PLATO.
Aims. Our aim is to quantify the age uncertainties of currently slowly rotating red giants due to the cumulative effect of their fast rotation during core-hydrogen burning: their rotation in earlier evolutionary phases caused mixing of elements, resulting in heavier helium cores and the prolongation of their main-sequence lifetime. These rotational effects are usually ignored when age-dating red giants, despite our knowledge of fast rotation for stars with M ≥ 1.3 M⊙.
Methods. We used a sample of 490 F-type gravito-inertial pulsators (γ Doradus stars) with precise asteroseismic estimates of their internal rotation rate from Kepler asteroseismology and with luminosity estimates from Gaia. For this sample, which includes stars rotating from nearly zero to about 60% of the critical rate, we computed the cumulative effect on the age in their post-main-sequence evolution caused by rotational mixing on the main sequence. We used stellar model grids with different physical prescriptions that mimic rotational mixing to assess systematic uncertainties on the age.
Results. With respect to non-rotating models, the sample of 490 γ Doradus stars, as red giant progenitors, reveals age differences up to 5% by the time they start hydrogen-shell burning when relying on the theory of rotationally induced diffusive mixing as included in the MIST isochrones. Using rotational mixing based on an advective-diffusive approach that includes meridional circulation leads to an age shift of 20% by the time of the tip of the red giant branch.
Conclusions. The age-dating of red giants is affected by the cumulative effect of rotational mixing during the main sequence. Such rotationally induced age shifts should be taken into account in addition to other effects if the aim is to perform Galactic archaeological studies at the highest precision.