bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an Assessment Tool to Measure the Latino Market Nutrition Environment
Authors: Baier Jenny , Winham Donna , Palmer Shelly , Voss Carol 
Published: November 2023

The Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for grocery stores (NEMS‐S) was designed to assess availability and pricing between healthy and less healthy food items available in grocery stores based on the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). The tool has been widely used to assess the nutrition environment, yet it does not include foods specific to Latino or other ethnic cultures. As a result, the original NEMS‐S underestimates the presence of healthy food options in Latino stores. The study purpose was to create and test a NEMS‐S adaptation that would more accurately describe the true food environment of Latino grocery stores and have high inter‐rater reliability and test‐retest validity. Drawing on literature searches, previous research in Arizona, 2010–2012 NHANES consumption frequencies for Hispanics, the 2015 DGA, and formative evaluation observations in 24 Latino grocery stores or tiendas in Iowa, we developed and validated a new instrument.Trained researchers tested the Latino NEMS‐S and the original NEMS‐S at 35 randomly selected Latino stores across Iowa. Two different raters evaluated each store independently at time 1 (T1) with the Latino NEMS‐S. Inter‐rater reliability was assessed from these measures. Test‐retest validity was evaluated by having one of the T1 raters repeat the store assessment at time 2 (T2) within 1–2 weeks of T1. The second rater completed the original NEMS‐S at T2. On average, stores scored 42 out of 61 points on the Latino NEMS‐S, and 12 out of 54 points on the original NEMS‐S. No significant differences were found in inter‐rater reliability or test‐retest validity using paired t‐tests (p=0.37 and p=0.29, respectively). Inter‐rater agreement using Cohen's Kappa values for individual items on the instrument were high, e.g., milk (1.00), tortillas (1.00), and bananas (0.89). Our findings indicate that the Latino NEMS‐S is a valid and reliable tool to measure the nutrition environment in these culturally specific grocery stores.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported in part by the Cooperative Agreement Number, DP004807, funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the Department of Health and Human Services.
Food Environmental Factors Related to Dietary Intake according to Residential Areas in Older Adults Residing in Rural Areas
Authors: Kim Kirang , Kim Seo‐Jin , Shim Jae Eun , Hwang Ji‐Yun 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThere has been few studies to investigate associations between dietary intake and food environmental factors among older adults in rural areas in Korea.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary intake and food environmental factors among older adults according to residential areas.MethodsA face‐to‐face interview for 307 older adults residing in three different areas of Gyeonggi‐do province was performed from November to December in 2013: land area (Yangpyeong‐gun, n=151), combined area of mountain and land area (Hongcheon‐gun, n=102), and remote mountain area (Hwachon‐myeon and Nae‐myeon away from Hongcheon‐gun, n=54). Dietary intake was examined by food frequency questionnaire. Food environments were assessed by factors related to food accessibility.ResultsMean age of subjects was 76.8±6.1 years old. Older adults without farm or home garden were less likely to intake rice and fruit than those with farm or home garden, and the results were shown in land area and combined area (OR 7.72 (95 CI: 2.85–20.92) for rice in land area; OR 2.26 (95 CI: 1.26–4.06) for rice in combined area; OR 3.38 (95 CI: 1.23–9.28) for fruits in land area; OR 1.99 (95 CI: 1.10–3.59) for fruits in combined area). Inadequate intakes of fishes and vegetables were related to food stores far from their home (OR 1.86 (95 CI: 1.01–3.41) for fishes in combined area; OR 1.91 (95 CI: 1.15–3.16) for vegetable in combined area; OR 2.90 (95 CI: 1.39–6.05) for vegetable in remote mountain area). Older adults with inconvenience for bus transport and no assistance from their family assistance had higher risk of inadequate intake of eggs (OR 3.43 (95 CI: 1.39–9.01) for inconvenience for bus transport in remote mountain area; OR 4.42 (95 CI: 1.48–13.26) for no assistance from their family assistance in remote mountain area; OR 3.05 (95 CI: 1.41–6.59) for no assistance from their family assistance in combined area).ConclusionFood environment factors were associated with adequate dietary intake. Therefore, interventions targeting management of food environmental conditions related to nutrient intakes should be considered, especially in rural areas.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (no.NRF‐2016R1A2B4013798) and grant from the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs..
How Diet Quality in Older Adults Relates to Meal Location, Eating with Others, and Electronic Screen Use
Authors: Korycinski Robert W , Bowles Heather R , Dodd Kevin W , Park Yikyung , Thompson Frances E , Subar Amy F 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo assess diet quality of eating occasions by location, whether or not meals were eaten with others, or while engaging with electronic screens (TV, computer) using the Automated Self‐Administered 24‐Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24) for dietary recalls.MethodsMen and women 50–70 years of age participating in a diet and physical activity measurement error study were asked to complete 6 ASA24 recalls over 12 months. Those completing at least one ASA24 (n= 1,021) were included. Eating occasions were sorted into categories based on meal location, presence of others, and screen use, and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2010 and nutrient/food group intakes were evaluated for each category.ResultsMeals eaten at home vs. away from home had higher average HEI scores (men 39.2 vs. 35.5; women 38.8 vs. 36.1). Meals eaten with others vs. alone had HEI scores that were about 5 points higher (men 41.2 vs. 36.4; women 41.2 vs. 36.7). Eating occasions that included vs. excluded screen use had slightly higher HEI scores (men 38.3 vs. 38.1; women 39.1 vs. 37.3). Additional differences were observed when screen use was stratified by screen type (TV, computer, both). Differences in energy and nutrient intake were also detected in these contexts for specific meal types. Lunches eaten at home vs. away from home had less energy (men 573 kcal vs. 721 kcal; women 460 kcal vs. 547 kcal) and less fat (men 24.3 g vs. 32.1 g; women 19.5 g vs. 24.7 g). Dinners/suppers eaten with others vs. alone had more calories (men 997 kcal vs. 842 kcal; women 766 kcal vs. 667 kcal) and more fat (men 40.7 g vs. 35.7 g; women 32.4 g vs. 28.6 g). Similar patterns were found for other meals.ConclusionAs expected, HEI scores for eating occasions are lower than if total days had been assessed. Among this sample of diets reported by older adults, diet quality appeared to be somewhat related to meal context as defined by location, eating with others, and screen use.
BMI Z‐Score Improves after 24 Months of Precision Ketogenic Therapy in Patients with Abnormal Baseline BMI Z‐Score
Authors: Lukosaityte Jurate , Allen Hannah J. , Lennon Dylan J. , Borum Peggy R. 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundPrecision Ketogenic Therapy (PKT) is a high fat, low carbohydrate, adequate protein diet that is traditionally used to treat children diagnosed with refractory epilepsy. Since PKT is a nutrition‐based therapy and is the child's sole source of nutrition, it is important that it meets requirements for adequate growth and development.ObjectiveEvaluate change in height, weight, and BMI z‐scores for patients who received PKT for the treatment of refractory epilepsy.MethodsPatients were referred to the University of Florida PKT Program for the treatment of refractory epilepsy between 1995 and 2014. Patients were included in analysis if they started PKT prior to 18 years of age, had height and weight available at baseline, and received PKT for a minimum of 24 months (720 days). Height, weight, and BMI were collected at baseline and at regularly scheduled clinic visits while on PKT. Height, weight, and BMI z‐scores were calculated using CDC/WHO references to evaluate nutritional status. Patients were stratified according to baseline z‐scores: z‐score≤‐1 (low), ‐1<z‐score<1 (adequate), z‐score≥1 (high). Change in z‐scores from baseline to 24 months on PKT was compared for each stratum.ResultsSeventy‐one patients received PKT for 24 months. The majority of patients had low or adequate z‐scores for height, weight, and BMI at baseline (table 1). Median BMI z‐score significantly improved from baseline to 24 months for patients who had a low or high BMI z‐score at baseline. Height z‐score significantly worsened for patients who had an adequate height z‐score at baseline, but the median z‐score (−1.11) remained above the WHO classification for childhood stunting (−2.00).ConclusionThese data demonstrate that PKT can improve BMI z‐scores for patients who remain on therapy for 24 months. Future research should evaluate body composition and dietary intake to determine how PKT may influence changes in anthropometric growth parameters.Support or Funding InformationResearch reported in this publication was supported by the University of Florida Clinical and Translational Science Institute, which is supported in part by the NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences under award number UL1TR001427. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

Baseline Strata
Parameter
N (%)
BaselineMedian Z‐Score
Month 24Median Z‐Score

Low (Z‐Score≤−1)
Height
31 (44%)
−2.48
−2.74

Weight
32 (45%)
−2.20
−1.88

BMI
26 (37%)
−2.13
−0.60**

Adequate (−1<Z‐Score<1)
Height
36 (51%)
−0.33
−1.11**

Weight
29 (41%)
0.02
−0.32*

BMI
28 (39%)
0.19
0.65*

High (Z‐Score≥1)
Height
4 (5%)
1.66
−0.05

Weight
10 (14%)
1.33
0.97

BMI
17 (24%)
1.87
1.33**

P‐value<0.05
p‐value<0.001
Improvements in arterial stiffness due to bean and pea consumption are determined by metabolic state
Authors: Zahradka Peter , Perera Danielle , Wilson Angela , Wiecek Matthew , Bell Rhonda , Taylor Carla G 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundHigher consumption of pulses (dried beans, peas, lentils, chickpeas) is associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease due to declines in circulating LDL‐cholesterol levels and reduced blood pressure. These studies have focused on individuals who were healthy or had mild metabolic dysfunction. Furthermore, most studies have monitored cardiovascular risk factors and not vascular function directly.ObjectiveTo determine in a randomized clinical trial if metabolic disease parameters affect the response to bean and pea consumption with respect to vascular function assessed by pulse wave analysis.MethodsParticipants with mild hypercholesterolemia but not taking any cholesterol‐ or glucose‐lowering medications consumed a selection of 5 study foods containing 120 g beans or peas or rice per serving, five times per week for 6 weeks as part of their usual diet. At the Winnipeg site, vascular function was assessed non‐invasively at baseline and 6 weeks to determine arterial stiffness (augmentation index normalized to a heart rate of 75 beats per minute). The effect of body mass index, glycemia, lipidemia and blood pressure on the vascular response to beans or peas was determined by covariate analysis.ResultsNo changes in augmentation index were detected without taking metabolic parameters into account. Interestingly, arterial stiffness (lower augmentation index) was improved in persons who had consumed beans or peas, but not rice, and had levels of LDL‐cholesterol or total cholesterol above the median (3.7 mmol/L and 5.7 mmol/L, respectively) within the cohort. Lower arterial stiffness was also seen in persons consuming beans or peas and having a BMI below the median (27.5 kg/m2). Subgroup analysis also showed that insulin or triglycerides influenced augmentation index in persons consuming beans or peas, but the improvement occurred regardless of whether these values were above or below the median (53 pmol/L and 1.4 mmol/L, respectively). Metabolic factors associated with glycemia, including fasting glucose and HbA1c, were not associated with arterial stiffness.ConclusionsThis study has shown for the first time that augmentation index, a key parameter of arterial stiffness, can be influenced by several metabolic factors. Although contrary to expectations, participants with higher total and LDL‐cholesterol levels showed improvements in arterial stiffness in response to bean or pea consumption, while those with lower levels did not. In contrast, lower body mass index was associated with a reduction in arterial stiffness in persons eating beans or peas. These are the first data to indicate that the individual response of blood vessel elasticity to diet may depend upon the underlying metabolic characteristics of that individual even in the absence of overt disease.Support or Funding InformationAlberta Innovates BioSolutions and Alberta Pulse Growers
Characterizing the Inflammatory Response to a High‐fat Meal in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Emerson Sam R , Kurti Stephanie P , Harms Craig A , Haub Mark D , Melgarejo Tonatiuh , Logan Cindy , Rosenkranz Sara K 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUNDInflammation is a prominent feature of many chronic diseases, with poor diet being one likely inflammatory stimulus. Specifically, a single high‐fat meal (HFM) has been shown to increase inflammation, although there is currently no consensus regarding the specific changes of many of the pro‐inflammatory markers that are frequently assessed after a HFM. A synthesis of previous research investigating postprandial inflammation, with particular attention to the specific features of the response, would inform future research and advance clinical understanding.PURPOSEThe aim of this systematic review was to objectively describe the postprandial timing and magnitude of changes of five common inflammatory markers: interleukin (IL)‐6, C‐reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐8.METHODSTen relevant databases were searched using a comprehensive search strategy, yielding 494 results, of which 47 articles met the pre‐established inclusion criteria: 1) healthy men and women age 18–60 years; 2) consuming a single HFM (≥30% fat, ≥500 kcal); and 3) assessing relevant inflammatory markers post‐meal for ≥2 hours. Study inclusion was assessed and agreed upon by two independent reviewers.RESULTSThe only marker found to consistently change (increase) in the postprandial period was IL‐6, increasing in 71% (32/45) of included studies. On average, IL‐6 was found to start at a baseline of ~1.4 pg/mL and peak at ~2.9 pg/mL approximately 6 hours post‐HFM (an average relative change of ~150%). There was a moderate but significant negative correlation (r = −0.38, p = 0.04) between percent change in IL‐6 from fasting to post‐meal with mean participant age across studies. Post‐meal IL‐6 change was not significantly correlated (p > 0.05) with percent fat in the test meal (r = −0.27), kcal in the test meal (r = 0.24), or mean participant BMI (r = −0.13). C‐reactive protein, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐8 did not change significantly in 79% (23/29), 68% (19/28), 67% (2/3), and 75% (3/4) of included studies, respectively.CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that the postprandial inflammatory response to a HFM should no longer include the commonly assessed markers CRP and TNF‐α (and potentially IL‐1β and IL‐8) in healthy humans younger than 60 years of age. However, future research should further investigate the role of IL‐6 in the postprandial period, as it routinely increases, even in health. We assert that the findings of this systematic review regarding markers of inflammation in the postprandial period will considerably aid in informing future research and advancing clinical knowledge.Support or Funding InformationNone
Ingestion of Megalo‐type Isomaltoglucosaccharides Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide‐induced Acute Liver Injury in Rats
Authors: Joe Ga‐Hyun , Iizuka Takahisa , Fujimoto Yoshinori , Kimura Atsuo , Hara Hiroshi , Ishizuka Satoshi 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundNon‐digestible saccharides modulate various immune responses depending on their structures, which may contribute to maintenance of our health. Megalo‐type Isomaltoglucosaccharides (M‐IMs) are composed of 10 to 50 glucose units with α‐1,6‐glycoside linkages. M‐IMs display delayed absorption and may stay relatively long time in the gastrointestinal tract, which enables them to encounter innate immune cells. Our previous study demonstrated that M‐IMs modulated macrophage functions in terms of pro‐inflammatory cytokine productions in primary culture. It is possible that M‐IMs regulate not only innate immunity, but also adaptive immunity in vivo. To evaluate this possibility, we investigated the influence of M‐IMs on acute inflammation and antigen‐specific antibody production.MethodsMale F344/Jcl rats (5 weeks old) were fed diets supplemented with or without M‐IMs (30 g/kg diet) for 5 weeks. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) was administered subcutaneously (1 mg/rat) at the second weeks. We measured KLH‐specific IgM and IgG in the serum on day 7 and 18 after the administration, respectively. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were administrated with 4 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce acute liver injury. At 6 hours after the LPS administration, the aorta plasma was collected to measure plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) activity, aspartate transaminase (AST) activity and TNF‐α concentration. The liver was collected to analyze gene expressions associated with immune functions with PCR array and RT‐qPCR.ResultsThere was no significant differences between groups in productions of serum KLH‐specific antibodies (IgM and IgG) and plasma TNF‐α. In contrast, AST and ALT activities were significantly attenuated in aorta plasma of the rats fed the diet with M‐IM although there was no change on the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the liver. The results suggest that M‐IMs partially protect LPS‐induced liver injury.ConclusionThe ingestion of M‐IMs is considered to modulate innate immune responses such as regulation of macrophage polarization rather than adaptive immune responses in vivo, which may be involved in amelioration or prevention of acute inflammation.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the science and technology research promotion program for agriculture, forestry, fisheries and food industry of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) of the Japanese government for financial support.
Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) inhibits IL‐6‐induced CRP synthesis and ameliorates adiponectin expression in Hep3B cells
Authors: Madarampalli Bhanupriya , Ahmed Salahuddin 
Published: November 2023

Elevated levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP) is associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis and plays a key role in inflammation, atherosclerosis, and vascular dysfunction during RA progression. Variety of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) regulate CRP synthesis in hepatocytes. In the current study, we tested the efficacy of epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), a potent anti‐inflammatory compound found in green tea, on IL‐6‐induced CRP expression in human hepatoma cell line (Hep3B). IL‐6 (25 ng/ml) stimulation induced CRP expression, both at the transcriptional and translational levels in Hep3B cells. Next, we pre‐incubated Hep3B cells with EGCG (5–20 mM) for 2h followed by IL‐6 stimulation (for 30 min and 24 h) to determine the effect on IL‐6‐induced signaling pathways, CRP and adiponectin expression, respectively. Adiponectin is an adipocyte specific protein with anti‐inflammatory property and negatively associated with CRP in RA patients. Pre‐incubation with EGCG significantly reduced IL‐6‐induced CRP to adiponectin expression ratio by ~1.6 to 21.4 fold (p<0.05) in a dose‐dependent manner. Evaluation of the underlying signaling pathways identified that EGCG potentially suppressed IL‐6‐induced phosphorylation of STAT3 at Ser727 position. When compared to AG490 (an inhibitor of STAT3), we observed EGCG is more effective at reducing the phosphorylation of STAT3 at Ser727. Furthermore, blocking STAT3 phosphorylation in Hep3B, by either EGCG or AG490, significantly inhibited IL‐6‐induced CRP expression as determined by qRT‐PCR and ELISA. Altogether, our results suggest that EGCG blocks IL‐6‐induced CRP expression via STAT3 signaling pathway and stimulates adiponectin levels. Hence, EGCG could potentially suppress inflammation and atherosclerosis, which might aid in reducing cardiovascular co‐morbidity in RA.Support or Funding InformationThe study was supported by the NIH/NIAMS grant (AR‐063104).
The differential immunomodulatory activities of arginine, citrulline, and glutamine on leukocytes and splenocytes in rats with hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation
Authors: Lo Hui‐chen , Li Yu‐Xiu , Lee Chien‐Hsing 
Published: November 2023

In hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HSR), depressed cell‐mediated immune function and exacerbated innate immune response, such as neutrophil oxidative burst activity, have been reported. The use of enteral immunonutrients, such as glutamine and arginine, has been found to result in lower multiple organ failure in trauma patients. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of continuous infusion of arginine, citrulline, and glutamine on systemic and local immune response in HSR. Male SD rats underwent hemorrhagic shock (mean blood pressure ~40 mm Hg for 60 min) were resuscitated with shed blood and equal volume of lactated Ringer's (LR) solution with or without arginine, citrulline, or glutamine followed by continuously infused with LR solutions and treatment for 20 h. In HSR rats, the increased circulating neutrophil activity was significantly alleviated by arginine, citrulline, and glutamine, the decreased splenocyte numbers were reversed by arginine, and the increased macrophage percentages in the spleen were attenuated by citrulline and glutamine. In addition, arginine significantly increased plasma nitrate/nitrite and phagocytotic activity of leukocytes and significantly decreased T‐helper splenocytes; citrulline significantly increased B‐leukocytes and decreased plasma interleukin‐4 and tumor‐necrosis factor (TNF)‐α; and both citrulline and glutamine significantly decreased TNF‐α production of splenocytes and interferon‐γ production of T‐splenocytes. Moreover, glutamine significantly increased T‐helper cells and phagocytotic activity in the blood and the granulocyte percentages, phagocytotic activity, and proliferations of T cells and macrophages in the spleen. Taken together, continuous infusion of arginine, citrulline, or glutamine may have potentials to alleviate systemic oxidative burst from neutrophils and infusion of citrulline or glutamine may alleviate the splenocytic pro‐inflammatory and cell‐mediated immune responses in HSR rats. Glutamine, not arginine or citrulline may elevate the innate immune response in the spleen in HSR.Support or Funding InformationNSC 101‐2320‐B‐030‐010