bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in the jealousy‐evoking effect of rival characteristics
Authors: Dijkstra Pieternel , Buunk Bram P. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractFour studies examined sex differences in the jealousy‐evoking nature of rival characteristics. Study 1, among 130 undergraduates, made an inventory of all relevant rival characteristics that were spontaneously mentioned when asked about a rival to whom one's partner might feel attracted. On the basis of these findings, in Study 2, among 240 undergraduates, a questionnaire was constructed, containing 56 rival characteristics. A factor analysis distinguished five dimensions of rival characteristics, i.e. Social Dominance, Physical Attractiveness, Seductive Behaviors, Physical Dominance, and Social Status. In line with the predictions, men reported more jealousy when a rival was high in Social Dominance, Physical Dominance, and Social Status, whereas women reported more jealousy when a rival was high in Physical Attractiveness. Study 3 largely replicated these findings in a community sample of 144 heterosexuals. Study 4 showed that gay men (n = 80) reported more jealousy than lesbian women (n = 73) when the rival was high in Physical Dominance, and more jealousy than heterosexual men when the rival was high in Social Dominance. Lesbian women reported more jealousy than heterosexual women when the rival was high in Physical Attractiveness. In Studies 2–4, favorable rival characteristics evoked more jealousy among those high in Social Comparison Orientation, particularly among women. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The bystander effect and social control behavior: the effect of the presence of others on people's reactions to norm violations
Authors: Chekroun Peggy , Brauer Markus 
Published: November 2002

AbstractObservers of deviant social behavior sometimes communicate disapproval directly or indirectly to the perpetrator of a deviant act. This reaction has been termed ‘social control’. Three field studies were conducted to explore the influence of the number of bystander‐observers on the likelihood of social control. We predicted that the presence of others would inhibit people's tendency to communicate their disapproval to the deviant but only if personal implication was low. In the first study, we measured participants' perceptions of two fictive situations, one in which a deviant draws graffiti in an elevator of a shopping center and one in which a deviant litters in a small neighborhood park by throwing a plastic bottle in the bushes. As expected, participants considered both behaviors to be equally counternormative but felt personally more implicated by the littering behavior in the park. In Studies 2 and 3, the two situations were enacted with confederates of the experimenter. Naïve bystanders served as participants, and social control was the primary dependent variable. Consistent with our hypothesis, we found evidence for a bystander effect in the low personal implication situation (‘graffiti in the elevator’) but not in the high personal implication situation (‘littering in park’). These results make clear that perceived personal implication moderates the extent to which people are inhibited by the presence of others when they decide whether they should exert social control or not. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the nature of attitude–behavior relations: the strong guide, the weak follow
Authors: Holland Rob W. , Verplanken Bas , Van Knippenberg Ad 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThis study investigated the role of attitude strength as a moderator variable with regard to the direction of the relation between attitudes and behavior. The hypothesis was tested that strong attitudes guide behavior, whereas weak attitudes follow behavior in accordance with self‐perception principles. The study (N = 106) consisted of two sessions. In session 1, attitudes and attitude strength (certainty, importance, centrality) towards Greenpeace were measured. One week later, participants returned to the laboratory (session 2) and were given the opportunity to donate money to Greenpeace. After the participants' decision to donate money or not, attitudes towards Greenpeace were measured again. The results were consistent with the predictions. First, strong attitudes were more predictive of donation behavior than weak attitudes. Moreover, session 2 attitudes of weak attitude participants were influenced by their donation behavior, whereas no such effect was found among strong attitude participants. Finally, strong attitudes were also found to be more stable over time than weak attitudes. The results provide a complete overview of the moderating role of attitude strength with regard to the bi‐directional attitude‐behavior relationship. Results are discussed in the light of attitude retrieval versus attitude‐construction processes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Univariate and multivariate family‐based association analysis of the IL‐13 ARG130GLN polymorphism in the Childhood Asthma Management program
Authors: DeMeo D.L. , Lange c. , Silverman E.K. , Senter J.M. , Drazen J.M. , Barth M.J. , Laird N. , Weiss S.T. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractInterleukin 13 (IL‐13) has been demonstrated to have a crucial role in animal models of allergy and asthma. In human case‐control genetic‐association studies, the Arg130Gln polymorphism has been associated with elevated total serum IgE and an asthma diagnosis in atopic and nonatopic individuals (Graves et al. [2000] J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 105:506–513; Heinzmann et al. [2000] Hum. Mol. Genet. 9:549–559). To apply family‐based association methods, we obtained DNA samples from 685 asthmatic children from 640 sibships and their parents in the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP). Six hundred and sixty‐six asthmatic children had complete phenotypic information and were used for this analysis. We performed quantitative association analysis using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) on 22 individual phenotypes and 5 grouped phenotypes relating to allergy, airway responsiveness, pulmonary function, bronchodilator responsiveness, and asthma severity, using genotypes at the Arg130Gln polymorphism of the IL‐13 gene. A positive association was obtained between Arg130Gln and a grouped phenotype of allergy (consisting of the individual phenotypes of eosinophils, IgE, and positive skin tests), using FBAT‐GEE, a multivariate extension of the family‐based association test (Lange et al. [2002] Biostatistics 1:1–15). The three phenotypes were then evaluated individually and revealed a significant association between total eosinophil count and the Arg130Gln locus; there was a trend for association between total IgE and the Arg130Gln polymorphism. The Arg130Gln polymorphism is associated with an elevated eosinophil count as well as with a grouped allergy phenotype, in children with mild to moderate asthma. No evidence for association was found between Arg130Gln and airway responsiveness, asthma diagnosis, or asthma severity. Genet. Epidemiol. 23:335–348, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preferential transmission of type 1 diabetes from parents to offspring: fact or artifact?
Authors: Guo Sun‐Wei , Tuomilehto Jaakko 
Published: November 2002

AbstractIt has been widely reported that men with type 1 diabetes (T1D) tend to be more likely to transmit the disease to their offspring than their female counterparts in Caucasoid populations. Several theories to explain this preferential transmission have been proposed, but so far none of them has been unequivocally proven. Whatever the mechanism, confirmation or refutation of this observation is nonetheless important and practical to the design of future genetic studies of T1D. We carried out some statistical modeling of the preferential transmission. The well‐established fact that males have higher a prevalence of T1D than females, an apparent sex difference in fecundity, and a possible misclassification of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) as T1D in women have been considered. We demonstrated, first, that the ascertainment of study families through the affected offspring with T1D would generate a higher proportion of fathers than mothers having T1D, even though there was no preferential transmission at all. This can be explained by the male preponderance in T1D prevalence as compared with females, coupled with a greater likelihood of being selected and/or recruited for study in families with T1D fathers due to the fecundity difference. Second, when the study population is ascertained through affected parents, misclassification of mothers with GDM as T1D, and the existence of male/female difference in fecundity in conjunction with a birth order effect, can contribute to the observed preferential transmission, even though there was none. In light of the plausibility of assumptions employed in the analysis and, in particular, an apparent failure to critically examine the effects of these causes of bias in earlier studies, it is perhaps prudent to say that the jury for the existence of preferential transmission in T1D is still out. Genet. Epidemiol. 23:323–334, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relative efficiency of ambiguous vs. directly measured haplotype frequencies
Authors: Schaid Daniel J. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractHaplotypes are useful for both fine‐mapping of susceptibility loci and evaluation of sequence variation at multiple sites along a chromosome. However, they are difficult to directly measure over long stretches of DNA in diploid organisms. Consequently, multiple genetic markers are typically measured, without linkage phase information, giving rise to a subject's diplotype. From diplotype data, haplotypes are often inferred by pedigree information, or treated as partially missing data when haplotype frequencies are estimated among unrelated subjects. This latter ambiguity can increase the variance of the estimated haplotype frequencies. Douglas et al. ([2001] Nat. Genet. 28:361–364) recently quantified the relative efficiency of estimating haplotype frequencies from the diplotypes of unrelated subjects, relative to directly measured haplotypes via somatic cell hybrids (conversion technology), and demonstrated that unknown linkage phase can lead to a large loss of efficiency. However, their results were based on linkage equilibrium among marker loci, which may not be realistic for closely linked markers. We extend their relative efficiency calculations by several aspects: 1) allowance for linkage disequilbrium (LD) among marker loci; 2) evaluation of different patterns of LD; and 3) evaluation of nuclear families with and without parents. We show that although the loss in efficiency of haplotype frequencies among unrelated subjects decreases as LD increases to its maximum value, the general conclusions of Douglas et al. ([2001] Nat. Genet. 28:361–364) hold true for a variety of LD patterns and magnitudes. However, our results also demonstrate that trios of parents+one child are highly efficient for haplotype frequency estimation, that additional children offer little information, and that siblings without parents can be grossly inefficient. Genet. Epidemiol. 23:426–443, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Segregation analysis of 389 Icelandic pedigrees with Breast and prostate cancer
Authors: Baffoe‐Bonnie Agnes B. , Kiemeney Lambertus A.L.M. , Beaty Terri H. , Bailey‐Wilson Joan E. , Schnell Audrey H. , Sigvaldason Helgi , Ólafsdóttir Guriur , Tryggvadóttir Laufey , Tulinius Hrafn 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBreast cancer and prostate cancer are the most commonly occurring cancers in females and males, respectively. The objective of this project was to test the hypothesis that breast cancer in females and prostate cancer in males represent homologous cancers that may be controlled by one or more common unidentified genes that may explain some of the observed familial aggregation. We modeled the transmission of a breast‐prostate cancer phenotype in 389 pedigrees ascertained through a breast cancer proband drawn from the Icelandic Cancer Registry. Assuming that age at diagnosis of this combined phenotype followed a logistic distribution, segregation analyses were performed to evaluate residual parental effects, a sibship covariate, and a dichotomous cohort effect. The most parsimonious model was a Mendelian codominant model, which could partly explain the familial aggregation of both cancers. Inheritance of a putative high‐risk allele (A) predicted gender‐specific mean ages of onset for females as 53.8 years, 59.7 years, and 65.6 years for the putative AA, AB, and BB genotypes, respectively. Similarly, the predicted means were 73.7 years, 75.6 years, and 78.3 years, respectively, among males. Under this codominant model, the lifetime risk of a woman being affected was 19% by age 80 years. This implies that when prostate cancer among male relatives of breast cancer probands (unselected for family history or early‐onset disease) is considered a pleiotrophic effect of the same gene that increases the risk for breast cancer, women are predicted to have a less than 1 in 5 risk of developing breast cancer when they carry the putative high‐risk allele. However, this is a higher risk than in the general Icelandic population. Our results suggest that BRCA2 mutations alone are inadequate to explain all of the excess clustering of prostate cancer cases in families of breast cancer probands, and that additional genes conferring excess risk to both breast and prostate cancer may exist in this population. Genet. Epidemiol. 23:349–363, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence that BCL3 plays a role in the etiology of nonsyndromic oral clefts in Brazilian families
Authors: Gaspar D.A. , Matioli S.R. , Pavanello R.C. , Araújo B.C. , André M. , Steman S. , Otto P.A. , Passos‐Bueno M.R. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe BCL3 gene has been considered a susceptibility locus for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P), based on association and linkage studies in some populations. We evaluated an intragenic marker at the BCL3 gene and the microsatellite D19S178 (1.1 cM distant from the BCL3 gene) among 98 infants born with NSCL/P and their parents, using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and a method for haplotype analysis. Our analysis, based on BCL3 alleles, revealed the existence of a marginal association of allele 135pb of the BCL3 gene with NSCL/P (χ2=3.60; P=0.058; 1 df), with a major effect in female (χ2=5.77; P=0.016; 1 df) and in familial cases (χ2=3.79; P=0.051; 1 df). However, the haplotype analysis detected no significant segregation distortion, even if the alleles of the D19S178 were grouped into two classes. These findings support previous findings that BCL3 plays a role in the etiology of NSCL/P as an allele of low penetrance or as a modifier locus. We hypothesize that there might be more than one mutation in this gene associated with NSCL/P, or alternatively, that more than one mutation has arisen associated with the 135‐bp allele. Genet. Epidemiol. 23:364–374, 2002 © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of parental relationships in maximum lod score affected sib‐pair method
Authors: Leutenegger Anne‐Louise , Génin Emmanuelle , Thompson Elizabeth A. , Clerget‐Darpoux Françoise 
Published: November 2002

AbstractMany studies are done in small isolated populations and populations where marriages between relatives are encouraged. In this paper, we point out some problems with applying the maximum lod score (MLS) method (Risch, [1990] Am. J. Hum. Genet. 46:242–253) in these populations where relationships exist between the two parents of the affected sib‐pairs. Characterizing the parental relationships by the kinship coefficient between the parents (f), the maternal inbreeding coefficient (αm, and the paternal inbreeding coefficient (αp), we explored the relationship between the identity by descent (IBD) vector expected under the null hypothesis of no linkage and these quantities. We find that the expected IBD vector is no longer (0.25, 0.5, 0.25) when f, αm, and αp differ from zero. In addition, the expected IBD vector does not always follow the triangle constraints recommended by Holmans ([1993] Am. J. Hum. Genet. 52:362–374). So the classically used MLS statistic needs to be adapted to the presence of parental relationships. We modified the software GENEHUNTER (Kruglyak et al. [1996] Am. J. Hum. Genet. 58: 1347–1363) to do so. Indeed, the current version of the software does not compute the likelihood properly under the null hypothesis. We studied the adapted statistic by simulating data on three different family structures: (1) parents are double first cousins (f=0.125, αm=αp=0), (2) each parent is the offspring of first cousins (f=0, αm=αp=0.0625), and (3) parents are related as in the pedigree from Goddard et al. ([1996] Am. J. Hum. Genet. 58:1286–1302) (f=0.109, αm=αp=0.0625). The appropriate threshold needs to be derived for each case in order to get the correct type I error. And using the classical statistic in the presence of both parental kinship and parental inbreeding almost always leads to false conclusions. Genet. Epidemol. 23:413–425, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dietary folate and colorectal cancer
Authors: La Vecchia Carlo , Negri Eva , Pelucchi Claudio , Franceschi Silvia 
Published: November 2002

AbstractFolate may be inversely related to colorectal cancer risk, possibly in combination with low methionine and high alcohol consumption. We considered, therefore, the relation between folate and colorectal cancer in a multicentric case‐control study of 1,953 cases and 4,154 controls from Italy, i.e., a population with frequent regular alcohol drinking. In the overall data set, the odds ratio (OR) was 0.72 for the highest quintile of folate, and the continuous OR per 100 μg was 0.86. The inverse relation was similar in men and women and somewhat stronger for the rectum (OR = 0.59 for the highest quintile) compared to the colon (OR = 0.81). It was also somewhat stronger in the highest tertile of alcohol drinking (OR = 0.65), though trends were not heterogeneous across strata of alcohol, whereas no appreciable difference was observed across strata of methionine intake. Compared to subjects reporting low alcohol, high methionine and high folate intake, the OR was 1.83 for those reporting high alcohol, low methionine and low folate intake. The present findings support a favorable role of folate in colorectal carcinogenesis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interference with TGF‐β1 and ‐β3 in tumor stroma lowers tumor interstitial fluid pressure independently of growth in experimental carcinoma
Authors: Lammerts Ellen , Roswall Pernilla , Sundberg Christian , Gotwals Philip J. , Koteliansky Victor E. , Reed Rolf K. , Heldin Nils‐Erik , Rubin Kristofer 
Published: November 2002

AbstractA high tumor interstitial fluid pressure (TIFP) is a pathologic characteristic distinguishing the stroma of carcinomas from normal interstitial loose connective tissues. The role of TGF‐β1 and ‐β3 in generating a high TIFP was investigated in xenografted experimental anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) derived from the human ATC cell line KAT‐4. A single intravenous injection of a soluble recombinant TGF‐β receptor type II‐murine Fc:IgG2A chimeric protein that specifically inhibits TGF‐β1 and ‐β3, significantly lowered TIFP in a time and concentration dependent manner but did not change total tissue water content in the tumors. Tumor growth rate was higher in tumors treated with the TGF‐β1 and ‐β3 inhibitor compared to control tumors during the first 10 days after administration of the inhibitor. The apoptotic index of carcinoma cells, and expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip1, were, however, increased in TGF‐β1 and ‐β3 inhibitor‐treated tumors. Prolonged treatment periods and administration of a second dose of the inhibitor decreased tumor growth rate. The TGF‐β1 and ‐β3 inhibitor did not affect proliferation or expression of phosphorylated Smad2 protein in KAT‐4 cells cultured in vitro. Our results indicate that members of the TGF‐β family are potential targets for novel anti‐cancer treatment directed to the stroma. First by controlling TIFP and by that potentially the uptake of anticancer drugs into tumors and second by their suggested role in maintaining a supportive tumor stroma. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeting of RGD‐modified proteins to tumor vasculature: A pharmacokinetic and cellular distribution study
Authors: Schraa Astrid J. , Kok Robbert J. , Moorlag Henk E. , Bos Erwin J. , Proost Johannes H. , Meijer Dirk K.F. , de Leij Lou F.M.H. , Molema Grietje 
Published: November 2002

AbstractAngiogenesis‐associated integrin αvβ3 represents an attractive target for therapeutic intervention because it becomes highly upregulated on angiogenic endothelium and plays an important role in the survival of endothelial cells. Cyclic RGD peptides were prior shown to have a high affinity for αvβ3 and can induce apoptosis of endothelial cells. In our laboratory, monocyclic RGD peptides (cRGDfK) were chemically coupled to a protein backbone. Previous results demonstrated that the resulting RGDpep‐HuMab conjugate bound with increased avidity to αvβ3/αvβ5 on endothelial cells. In our present study, RGDpep‐HuMab was injected intravenously and intraperitoneally in B16.F10 tumor‐bearing mice to determine its pharmacokinetics and organ distribution. In the tumor, the RGDpep‐HuMab conjugate specifically localized at the endothelium as was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. The control RADpep‐HuMab conjugate was not detected in the tumor. Besides tumor localization RGDpep‐HuMab was found in liver and spleen associated with macrophages. This uptake by macrophages is probably responsible for the more rapid clearance of RGDpep‐HuMab from the circulation than HuMab and RADpep‐HuMab. The half‐life of RGDpep‐HuMab (90 min) was still considerably longer than that of free RGD peptides (<10 min). This prolonged circulation time may be favorable for drug targeting strategies because the target cells are exposed to the conjugate for a longer time period. Taken together these results indicate that RGD‐modified proteins are suitable carriers to deliver therapeutic agents into tumor or inflammation induced angiogenic endothelial cells. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Replication efficiency and sequence analysis of full‐length hepatitis B virus isolates from hepatocellular carcinoma tissues
Authors: Lin Xu , Ma Zhang‐Mei , Yao Xin , Zhang Yan‐Ping , Wen Yu‐Mei 
Published: November 2002

AbstractProlonged replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in liver tissues of hepatitis B patients has been considered as an important risk factor for the development of malignancy. Few studies on full‐length HBV sequencing in association with the replication efficiency of isolates from HCC tissues have been reported. To study the structural and functional genomics of HBV isolates from Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, full‐length HBV genomes were amplified from 6 HBV‐marker positive HCC tissues and used to transfect HepG2 cells. Five of 6 isolates showed high replicative efficiency. All isolates were of genotype C and “hot‐spots” mutations were detected in the B cell and T helper (Th) cell epitopes of the envelope and the core region. In addition, the X region of 2 isolates contained a stop‐codon mutation that was predicted to result in a truncated X protein. High replicative HBV immune escape mutants that persist in infected hepatocytes could be 1 of the important factors to initiate pathological processes for the development of HCC in Chinese patients. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.