bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conclusion
Authors: Peacocke Arthur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thus the understanding of God’s relation to the world, of the doctrine of creation, that we have been developing in the light of the sciences, is congruent with an understanding of hope that is grounded on the character as Love of the transcendent God who is immanently active in all events, most notably in the personal, and uniquely transparently in Jesus the Christ. The immediacy of God’s creativity in and through the actual events of the hierarchical complexities of the stuff of the world is what constitutes the dimension along which hope is generated in man as he apprehends that loving, urgent, and fulfilling Presence. The ‘future’ which is the concern of theologians of hope and of the Teilhardians does indeed seem to be most relevant only when it is a symbol for that line from man to God which can be drawn in the present actualities.
Rationalism, Morality, and Two Dimensions
Authors: Peacocke Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Basic moral principles are known to us a priori. I will be arguing for this claim, trying to say what it means, and discussing its ramifications. The claim that basic moral principles are a priori was emphasized by Leibniz and, on some natural readings of the texts, endorsed by Kant. Even a selfproclaimed empiricist like Locke sometimes veered towards endorsing this claim of a priori status. Yet the character of this a priori status, and its significance for the epistemology and metaphysics of moral claims, have both been very largely lost in recent discussions of moral thought. I will be arguing that the nature of this a priori status is incompatible with subjectivist, judgement-dependent and mind-dependent treatments of moral thought. Part of the task in establishing this incompatibility is to articulate more precisely the kind of a priori status that is in question here. It is easy to underestimate the problem for mind-dependent theories of moral thought if one starts by understating the sense in which basic moral principles are a priori.
lndexical Concepts and Compositionality
Authors: Recanati Franrois 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
lndexical expressions are characterized by their two-dimensional semantics. They have a ‘content’, that is, an intension in the traditional sense: something that determines the extension of the expression, given a situation of evaluation. But they also have a primary intension, or ‘character’: something that determines the expression’s content, given a situation of utterance. For simple indexicals, as opposed to complex indexical phrases such as ‘my sister’, the content is a constant function. Simple indexicals are conventionally associated with a rule which, in the situation of utterance, fixes the extension directly, in such a way that it docs not vary with the situation of evaluation. (As Kaplan says, the reference is fixed in context ‘before the encounter with the circumstance of evaluation’.) The rule associated with ‘I’ is the rule that a token of ‘I’ refers to the person who utters that token. The rule associated with ‘here’ is the rule that a token of ‘here’ refers to the place where the token is uttered. In all cases the reference is the entity which stands in the right contextual relation to the occurrence of the expression. What is conventionally encoded in the expression-type, independent of context, is the nature of the contextual relation in question; but the entity which contextually stands in that relation to the token is what it (the token) contributes to the possible-worlds truthconditions of the utterance. In the two-dimensional framework, simple indexicals can be treated as rigid designators-that is, expressions which refer to the same entity in all possible worlds of evaluation-despite the fact that their reference depends upon, and varies with, the situation of utterance.
Defining Emergence
Authors: Clayton Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The battle lines are now drawn. In addressing the ontological question about science—the question of what view of the world it supports—one must select among at least three major options: physicalism, emergence, and dualism. Our goal is to see what it means to advocate the emergentist option and why one might choose it over the alternatives. It is already clear, however, that emergence is no monolithic term. Within the genus of interpretations of the natural world that it includes we have been able to identify two major competing species, commonly referred to as strong and weak emergence.
Emergence in the Natural Sciences
Authors: Clayton Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The task now is to look at the role that emergence plays within, and in the relations between, the natural sciences. No pretence is made to completeness; each of the sciences covered here, and each of the relations between them, merits a book-length treatment of its own. In this early stage of the discussion, however, when scientists and philosophers are so unclear about what emergence might mean and where it occurs in the natural world, the most urgent task is to blaze a first path, however rough, through the underbrush.
The Medievalist’s Tale
Authors: Scase Wendy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘I have decided to give it all up. I‘ve decided I don’t want to be a post- modern literary theorist.’‘I need a life full of things, I said‘Full of facts.’Facts, said Ormerod Goode.’Facts.’He meditated.’The richness, he said,’the surprise, the shining solidity of a world full of facts every established fact illuminates the world. True scholar- ship once aspired to add its modest light to that illumination. To clear a few cobwebs. No more.
Vernacular Philosophy and the Making of Orthodoxy in the Fifteenth Century
Authors: Bose Mishtooni 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Students of the early Christian Church have long been aware that, as one has put it, orthodoxy is constructed, in the processes of both theological and political confilct‘ This perspective can usefully be brought to bear on later phases of Christian thought. The Wyclifflte controversies have served to focus scholarly attention on the processes whereby religious’orthodoxy’ has evolved diachronically and dynamically through interaction with specific political, social, and cultural circumstances.
Pope And The Destiny Of The Stuarts
Authors: Rogers Pat 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This radical new look at the literary and political climate of England during the reign of Queen Anne examines the work of the greatest poet of the age, Alexander Pope. Pope and the Destiny of the Stuarts provides the fullest contextual account to date of Windsor-Forest (1713), widely seen as a key text in the evolution of early eighteenth-century poetry. It examines the poem's topical and political aspects and offers a reconfiguration of Pope's early career, demonstrating that this was a pivotal period, marking a critical watershed in both his personal and literary development. The book gives a complete account of Pope‘s life and work in his early twenties, and supplies a new political interpretation, including a careful analysis of possible Jacobite colourings. Attention is directed towards a range of literary, historical, ideological, and artistic issues. The book draws on classical studies (the role of Virgil and Ovid especially), Renaissance scholarship, literary history, political history, and artistic contexts. The key ideas and techniques of Windsor-Forest are related to Pope‘s other early works, including the Pastorals and, centrally, The Rape of the Lock. Rogers goes on to reassess the poet's dealings with the Scriblerus group. He shows previously unnoted textual connections with the work of Swift, Gay, Parnell, and also Prior, and casts fresh light on the tortuous process of composition and revision of Windsor-Forest, with a description of the manuscript and an account of the publishing and textual history, while numerous allusions are traced for the first time. Pope and the Destiny of the Stuarts will be of interest to scholars and students of eighteenth-century literature, history, and politics.
Portraying the Dead
Authors: Riggs Christina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the preceding chapter demonstrated for sites as diverse as Thebes, Kharga Oasis, and Akhmim, Egyptian ideas about the afterlife guided the representation of the dead in funerary art. Verbal and iconographic comparisons to deities like Osiris and Hathor presaged the god-like qualities the dead would attain after their mummification, judgement, and rebirth.
Dissent: Wesley to Blake
Authors: Knight Mark , Mason Emma 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On 14 July 1791, the Constitutional Society of Birmingham arranged a dinner to celebrate the anniversary of the storming of the Bastille. Antirevolutionary fervour was already high, and the celebration provoked an organized mob to attack the homes of several Dissenters, including the scientist, Joseph Priestley. His chapel, house, library, and laboratory were all burned down.
Evangelicalism: Brontë to Eliot
Authors: Knight Mark , Mason Emma 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In October 1855 George Eliot published an essay in the Westminster Review entitled ‘Evangelical Teaching: Dr Cumming’, which, among other things, made it clear how far away she had moved from her Evangelical roots. Eliot used the essay to critique the inconsistent and rhetorical arguments advanced by Dr John Cumming, an Evangelical writer and preacher whom she had taken issue with. The critique centred on his use of a crude, popular apologetic for the Christian faith, and his tendency to construct a false caricature of his opponent’s intellectual position in order to make his own counter-arguments sound more persuasive. Though Eliot’s argument is characteristically sharp and insightful, it mimics the behaviour that she is complaining about: the syntactical arrangement of the title of the essay implies that Cumming is illustrative of Evangelical teaching per se, thus creating an Evangelical type that is no more a reflection of historical reality than the figures constructed by Cumming.
The Organisation of Music Contests in the Hellenistic Period and Artists’ Participation: An Attempt at Classification*
Authors: Aneziri Sophia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The basic issues addressed in this chapter are the role played by the associations of Dionysiac Artists in the organisation of Hellenistic music contests, and the participation of the Artists in them. Music contests may be divided into three categories, on the basis of the nature of the involvement in them of the associations of Dionysiac Artists. These categories are: (1) contests organised by the associations; (2) contests in which the associations acted as co-organisers; and (3) contests in which the associations simply participated.
Dreaming of a Universal Language
Authors: Rigaud-Drayton Margaret 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Michaux’s construction of the self as hybrid and ever-changing is intimately linked to a reflection on the limits that language imposes upon the articulation of identity. Just as the stability of linguistic concepts allows little space for the instability of the Protean self, so the formal and conceptual boundaries separating different signifieds and signifiers from each other cannot do justice to the complexity of the self. If Michaux wrote ‘pour [s]e parcourir’ for over sixty years, he nevertheless was acutely aware of the limits imposed upon self-discovery by conventional linguistic expression. A significant proportion of his writing is devoted to exploring these limits, mourning them, and dreaming of substituting French with another language in which there would be no gap between the self and the words that represent it, and between signifieds and signifiers. Although Michaux’s disappointment at the expressive limits of French and fantasy of a universal language are not unusual, the close interweaving in his works of these concerns with his need for a language that would circumvent the elusiveness of the self gives them a particular urgency.
Gymnasia, Festivals, and Euergetism in Asia Minor
Authors: Newby Zahra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Chapters 5 and 6 above, I explored the associations attaching to an athletic educa- tion in the second and third centuries ad, particularly as experienced at the two great centres of Athens and Sparta in mainland Greece. The ephēbeia continued to be practised in other Greek cities too, as attested by the epigraphical dossiers of cities as geographically disparate as Odessus (modern-day Varna in Bulgaria), Alexandria, and Termessus in Pisidia (south-west Turkey). Throughout these cities the ephebes, mostly the sons of wealthy local elites, continued to train in ath- letic pursuits and to take part in both ephebic and local festivals. Both before and after the formal ephēbeia too, Greek men would have continued to attend the gym- nasium for education (in intellectual as well as physical pursuits) and for general social relaxation.
General And Period Bibliography
Authors: Howard-Hill T H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cambridge. University. Magdalene college. Pepys library. Catalogue of the Pepys library. [Woodbridge, Suff.], D.S. Brewer; Totowa, NJ., Rowman & Littlefield, 1978-&lt;92&gt;. &lt;1o&gt;v. 31cm. 2pt1. Ballads. Catalogue by Helen Weinstein. (1992).-3pt1. Prints and drawings: General. Comp. by A.W. Aspital ((1980]).-4. Music, maps and calligraphy. (Ed. by John Stevens, Sarah Tyacke, Rosamond McKitterick and Joyce Irene Whalley]. (1988).-5pt1. Manuscripts: modern. Comp. by C.S. Knighton. (1981).-5pt2. Manuscripts: medieval. Comp. by Rosamund McKitterick and Richard Beadle. (1992).- 5pt3. Manuscripts: modern. Comp. by C.S. Knighton. (1981).-6. Bindings. Comp. by Howard M. Nixon. (1985) see separate entry.7[pt1]. Facsimile of Pepys  catalogue: ’ Catalogue  and ’ Alphabet . Ed. by David McKitterick. ( [1991] ).- 7[pt2]. ’ Appendix classica . ([ 1991]).
Childhood and Schooldays
Authors: McGuinness Brian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ludwig Wittgenstein was born in the Alleegasse house at 8.30 p.m. on 26 April 1889, the last child and the eighth to live to maturity of Karl and Poldy Wittgenstein. It was one of a number of foibles he had in later life to insist that nice people must be born in April, which was in fact the month of his father’s birth and also that in which he himself was to die. Photographs show him first as a fair and curly-haired baby with large blue eyes, later on as a small boy in a sailor-suit looking out from innumerable family groups, walking with a governess on the terraces, lawns, or meadows of one of his father’s country-houses, endearing, a little earnest but by no means troubled-the typical Benjamin of a wealthy industrialist’s family of that time and place.
Captivity and Return 1918–20
Authors: McGuinness Brian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was to the end of empire that Wittgenstein went back—finis Austriae, and nowhere seen more dramatically than in the field. September, to be sure, was a lull or stay of execution. Victualling was a little improved after the harvest. A British and French attack in the Asiago sector was beaten off. Probably Wittgenstein was still in Vienna:’ on the 22 September, in a last formal act, the Military Medal won in June was conferred on him. But the end of the month, when he was back in Italy, brought with it the armistice in Bulgaria, the sudden defencelessness of Hungary, the demand of the Magyar troops to return home, the declaration that Austria-Hungary would become a federation of free states, and finally the request for a general armistice.
History of Universities
Authors: Price B B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Volume XX/1 of History of Universities contains the customary mix of learned articles, book reviews, conference reports, and bibliographical information, which makes this publication such an indispensable tool for the historian of higher education. Its contributions range widely geographically, chronologically, and in subject-matter. The volume is, as always, a lively combination of original research and invaluable reference material.
Moore’s Paradox and the Norm of Beliefof Belief
Authors: Huemer Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
G. E. Moore discovered what at first seems a minor puzzle concerning such statements as ‘It is raining, but I don’t believe it’. This statement strikes us as something akin to a contradiction, but in fact the statement is consistent, since it is logically possible that it should be raining at a time when the speaker does not believe that it is. As Moore also observed, it is possible for another person to say of me, ‘It is raining but he doesn’t believe it’, or for me to say, at a later time, ‘It was raining, but I didn’t believe it’, and in either of these cases the speaker would apparently assert the same proposition as in the original ‘It is raining but I don’t believe it’ (said by me), yet there is no air of inconsistency or absurdity about these statements. I shall refer to sentences that are absurd in the same way (whatever that is) as ‘It is raining but I don’t believe it’ and ‘It is raining but I believe it isn’t’ as ‘Moore-paradoxical sentences’. Moore’s Paradox is the puzzle of explaining why Moore-paradoxical sentences are absurd.³
Moorean Moral Phenomenology
Authors: Horgan Terry , Timmons Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Inquiry into the what-it-is-likeness of concrete moral experience— moral phenomenology — has not generally been part of moral philosophy as practiced in the analytic tradition at least since G. E. Moore’s 1903 Principia Ethica. Although there have been a few exceptions— including, most notably, Maurice Mandelbaum’s 1955 The Phenomenology of Moral Experience — and although analytic philosophers since Moore do sometimes appeal to considerations having to do with the what-it-is-likeness of concrete moral experience, nevertheless one finds almost nothing in this tradition that makes moral phenomenology an extended topic of inquiry. We maintain that this should change— that an adequate ethical theory (including both normative ethics and metaethics) ought to be partially grounded on an adequate phenomenology of moral experience.
Open Questions and the Nature of Philosophical Analysis
Authors: Fumerton Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Moore was one of the most influential philosophers in the first half of the twentieth century. With influence comes controversy. His defense of common sense against the challenge of skepticism, for example, earned both strong support and ridicule. In the field of ethics, he is still probably viewed as the paradigmatic objectivist— a philosopher who grounds knowledge of all ethical truths in a foundation of selfevident truths describing the objective and intrinsic value of various sorts of states. But just as his epistemology is arguably best known for a negative thesis— his rejection of skepticism, so also his ethics is arguably best known for a negative thesis— his rejection of all attempts to analyze the property of being intrinsically good. His famous open question argument is still cited by some as the decisive objection to all attempts at defining value in naturalistic terms. The interest of the argument, however, goes far beyond its implications for one’s analysis of ethical concepts. The argument forces one to think carefully about fundamental metaphilosophical issues concerning the nature of analysis— indeed the very subject-matter of philosophy.
Moore’s Account of Vindictive Punishment: A Test Case for Theories of Organic Unities
Authors: Dancy Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The final chapter of G. E. Moore’s Principia Ethica contains a fascinating discussion of what Moore calls ‘vindictive punishment’. Moore’s views are worth extended treatment in their own right. But theorists of punishment have not given them the attention they deserve, and I can hardly claim that I will be doing so in this paper. My purpose is rather to treat punishment as a sort of test case in a debate about the right way to understand organic unities. An organic unity is a whole, or complex, whose value is not, or at least need not be, identical to the sum of the values brought to it by its parts. An obvious example is that of a recipe which seems to be much improved by the addition of a little salt, supposing the value of the pinch of salt to be far less than the value that it adds or brings to the recipe. The idea of the value brought to the whole by a part is important, because it seems possible for a part to have value which it does not contribute to the whole— which it hugs to itself, as it were.
The New Testament and Kenosis Christology
Authors: D.Fee Gordon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Orthodox Christology affirms that Christ in his Incarnation was at once fully God and fully human. To put this my way, the common faith of the historic church is that, in the Jewish Messiah Jesus, God was living out a genuinely human life on planet earth. The theological-philosophical issue resultant from this affirmation is to find a way to hold tenaciously to both sides of the incarnate reality-fully God/fully human-without diminishing one in favour of the other.
1. At Issue: The Ambiguity Of The Biblical Data
Historically, holding both realties about Jesus together has not been easy to do, as I discovered during a quarter-centuryof teaching a Life of Jesus course in two major evangelical theological schools. Over the years, I found that many students had great difficulty coming to terms with the historical Jesus as atruly human person. Evangelical students tended regularly to hold a kind of naive docetism, where Jesus appeared as a real person, but who was God in such a way that it superseded anything truly human about him except for the accidents of his humanity-basically his bodily functions: eating, talking, sleeping, and so on.1
Introduction
Authors: Ligota C R , Quantin J -L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The history of scholarship as a distinct pursuit, larger in scope than ‘reviews of scholarship’ ad hoc, and more specific in content than what ‘scholarship’ taken as a nomen actionis suggests, has had a somewhat marginal and ill-defined existence. There are grounds for thinking that, as a constituted branch of knowledge, an episteme, it has, until quite recently, hardly existed at all. This has begun to change, and Part I of the Introduction offers a brief survey of the new developments. The present volume may be seen as a contribution to them. What might be termed a negative history of scholarship—up to the nineteenth century, i.e. the chronological limit of the volume—is sketched out in Part II.
Renaissance Philology: Johannes Livineius (1546–1599) and the Birth of the Apparatus Criticus
Authors: Battezzato Luigi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Some inventions look deceptively simple once they are made. Classical scholars are used to the concept of apparatus criticus, and are most annoyed when faced with the fact that Renaissance and seventeenth-century scholars did not know of such a thing. Beatus Rhenanus, ‘in spite of his professions, … did not make clear to users of his edition [of Tacitus] the sources of his own innovations in the text’.1 Adrien de Tournebu (Turne`be), in his edition of Aeschylus (1552), emended the text using variant readings found in the scholia, and his own conjectures, but ‘he did not indicate the changes he had introduced; hence the reader could not know for certain the source of any given reading’.2 With Justus Lipsius’ editorial procedure for Tacitus, Brink complains, ‘a distinction between transmitted text, variants from manuscripts, and conjectures is hardly possible’.3 In Joseph Scaliger’s edition of Catullus ‘the procedure