bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed reality compared to the traditional ex cathedra format for neuroanatomy learning: the value of a three-dimensional virtual environment to better understand the real world
Authors: Sandralegar Abiram , Bernard Florian , Khatchatourov Samuel , Janssen Insa , Schaller Karl , Bijlenga Philippe , Haemmerli Julien 
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE
Neuroanatomy comprehension is a keystone of understanding intracranial surgeries. Traditionally taught to students during ex cathedra courses, neuroanatomy is described as complex. Mixed reality (MxR) opens new perspectives in the learning process. This study aims to compare MxR-based courses with traditional ex cathedra lectures for neuroanatomy education.

METHODS
Two lectures describing the neuroanatomy of the anterior circulation arteries ("Vascular Lecture" [VS]) and important white matter fiber tracts ("White Fibers Lecture" [WF]) were designed and delivered in ex cathedra and MxR-based formats with the same audio content. Ninety-one medical students were randomly assigned to group A (ex cathedra WF/MxR VS) or group B (MxR WF/ex cathedra VS). The MxR content was delivered via MxR goggles. Prior to each lecture, students took a 10-item multiple choice question (MCQ) pretest. After the lectures, students took a 20-item MCQ posttest (75% neuroanatomy, 25% clinical correlation).

RESULTS
The pretest scores showed no statistical difference between groups. Median posttest scores increased by 14.3% after using the MxR-based format compared to the ex cathedra format (16.00 [13.0, 18.0] vs 14.0 [11.0, 17.0], respectively, p < 0.01). Regarding the VS, students scored 21.7% better using the MxR format compared to the ex cathedra format (14.0 [12.0, 16.0] vs 11.5 [10.0, 14.0], p < 0.001). Concerning the WF, the median score using MxR was 18.0 (17.0, 19.0), and the median score using the ex cathedra format was 17.0 (16.0, 18.0; p < 0.01). Students showed high motivation to learn neuroanatomy in the future using MxR (74%) rather than ex cathedra format (25%; p < 0.001). Mild discomfort using the MxR goggles was reported by 48.3% of participants. Most participants (95.5%) preferred the MxR-based teaching.

CONCLUSIONS
Students acquired a better knowledge of the anatomy of the anterior circulation arteries and white fiber tracts using MxR-based teaching as compared to the standard ex cathedra format. The perception of lecture quality and learning motivation was better using MxR-based teaching despite some mild discomfort. The development of MxR-based solutions is promising to improve neuroanatomy education.
Students’ perspectives regarding needs for and opportunities with mixed-reality education in neurosurgery at German medical schools
Authors: Wach Johannes , Winkler Dirk , Vychopen Martin , Kropla Fabian , Grunert Ronny , Güresir Erdem 
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE
Despite mixed reality being an emerging tool for tailored neurosurgical treatment and safety enhancement, the use of mixed reality in the education of German medical students is not established in the field of neurosurgery. The present study aimed to investigate medical students’ perspectives on the use of mixed reality in neurosurgical medical education.

METHODS
Between July 3, 2023, and August 31, 2023, an online survey was completed by German medical students through their affiliated student associations and educational institutions. The survey included 16 items related to mixed reality in neurosurgery, with participants providing ratings on a 4-point Likert scale to indicate their level of agreement with these statements.

RESULTS
A total of 150 students from 27 medical schools in Germany took part in the survey. A significant majority comprising 131 (87.3%) students expressed strong to intense interest in mixed-reality courses in neurosurgery, and 108 (72%) reported an interest in incorporating mixed reality into their curriculum. Furthermore, 94.7% agreed that mixed reality may enhance their understanding of operative neuroanatomy and 72.7% agreed with the idea that teaching via mixed-reality methods may increase the probability of the use of mixed reality in their future career. The majority (116/150 [77.3%]) reported that the preferred optimum timepoint for teaching with mixed reality might be within the first 3 years of medical school. In particular, more students in the first 2 years preferred to start mixed-reality courses in the first 2 years of medical school compared to students in their 3rd to 6th years of medical school (71.9% vs 41.5%, p = 0.003). Residents and attending specialists were believed to be appropriate teachers by 118 students (78.7%).

CONCLUSIONS
German medical students exhibited significant interest and willingness to engage in mixed reality in neurosurgery. Evidently, there is a high demand for medical schools to provide mixed-reality courses. Students seem to prefer the courses as early as possible in their medical school education in order to transfer preclinical neuroanatomical knowledge into operative neurosurgical anatomy by using this promising technique.
Creation of a microsurgical neuroanatomy laboratory and virtual operating room: a preliminary study
Authors: Erol Gökberk , Güngör Abuzer , Sevgi Umut Tan , Gülsuna Beste , Doğruel Yücel , Emmez Hakan , Türe Uğur 
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE
A comprehensive understanding of microsurgical neuroanatomy, familiarity with the operating room environment, patient positioning in relation to the surgery, and knowledge of surgical approaches is crucial in neurosurgical education. However, challenges such as limited patient exposure, heightened patient safety concerns, a decreased availability of surgical cases during training, and difficulties in accessing cadavers and laboratories have adversely impacted this education. Three-dimensional (3D) models and augmented reality (AR) applications can be utilized to depict the cortical and white matter anatomy of the brain, create virtual models of patient surgical positions, and simulate the operating room and neuroanatomy laboratory environment. Herein, the authors, who used a single application, aimed to demonstrate the creation of 3D models of anatomical cadaver dissections, surgical approaches, patient surgical positions, and operating room and laboratory designs as alternative educational materials for neurosurgical training.

METHODS
A 3D modeling application (Scaniverse) was employed to generate 3D models of cadaveric brain specimens and surgical approaches using photogrammetry. It was also used to create virtual representations of the operating room and laboratory environment, as well as the surgical positions of patients, by utilizing light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor technology for accurate spatial mapping. These virtual models were then presented in AR for educational purposes.

RESULTS
Virtual representations in three dimensions were created to depict cadaver specimens, surgical approaches, patient surgical positions, and the operating room and laboratory environment. These models offer the flexibility of rotation and movement in various planes for improved visualization and understanding. The operating room and laboratory environment were rendered in three dimensions to create a simulation that could be navigated using AR and mixed reality technology. Realistic cadaveric models with intricate details were showcased on internet-based platforms and AR platforms for enhanced visualization and learning.

CONCLUSIONS
The utilization of this cost-effective, straightforward, and readily available approach to generate 3D models has the potential to enhance neuroanatomical and neurosurgical education. These digital models can be easily stored and shared via the internet, making them accessible to neurosurgeons worldwide for educational purposes.
An evaluation of physical and augmented patient-specific intracranial aneurysm simulators on microsurgical clipping performance and skills: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Dodier Philippe , Civilla Lorenzo , Mallouhi Ammar , Haider Lukas , Cho Anna , Lederer Philip , Wang Wei-Te , Dorfer Christian , Hosmann Arthur , Rössler Karl , Königshofer Markus , Unger Ewald , Palumbo Maria-Chiara , Redaelli Alberto , Frischer Josa M. , Moscato Francesco 
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE
In the era of flow diversion, there is an increasing demand to train neurosurgeons outside the operating room in safely performing clipping of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. This study introduces a clip training simulation platform for residents and aspiring cerebrovascular neurosurgeons, with the aim to visualize peri-aneurysm anatomy and train virtual clipping applications on the matching physical aneurysm cases.

METHODS
Novel, cost-efficient techniques allow the fabrication of realistic aneurysm phantom models and the additional integration of holographic augmented reality (AR) simulations. Specialists preselected suitable and unsuitable clips for each of the 5 patient-specific models, which were then used in a standardized protocol involving 9 resident participants. Participants underwent four sessions of clip applications on the models, receiving no interim training (control), a video review session (video), or a video review session and holographic clip simulation training (video + AR) between sessions 2 and 3. The study evaluated objective microsurgical skills, which included clip selection, number of clip applications, active simulation time, wrist tremor analysis during simulations, and occlusion efficacy. Aneurysm occlusions of the reference sessions were assessed by indocyanine green videoangiography, as well as conventional and photon-counting CT scans.

RESULTS
A total of 180 clipping procedures were performed without technical complications. The measurements of the active simulation times showed a 39% improvement for all participants. A median of 2 clip application attempts per case was required during the final session, with significant improvement observed in experienced residents (postgraduate year 5 or 6). Wrist tremor improved by 29% overall. The objectively assessed aneurysm occlusion rate (Raymond-Roy class 1) improved from 76% to 80% overall, even reaching 93% in the extensively trained cohort (video + AR) (p = 0.046).

CONCLUSIONS
The authors introduce a newly developed simulator training platform combining physical and holographic aneurysm clipping simulators. The development of exchangeable, aneurysm-comprising housings allows objective radio-anatomical evaluation through conventional and photon-counting CT scans. Measurable performance metrics serve to objectively document improvements in microsurgical skills and surgical confidence. Moreover, the different training levels enable a training program tailored to the cerebrovascular trainees’ levels of experience and needs.
Assessing views and attitudes toward the use of extended reality and its implications in neurosurgical education: a survey of neurosurgical trainees
Authors: Gupta Nithin , Barrington Nikki M. , Panico Nicholas , Brown Nolan J. , Singh Rohin , Rahmani Redi , D’Amico Randy S. 
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE
Extended reality (XR) systems, including augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and mixed reality, have rapidly emerged as new technologies capable of changing the way neurosurgeons prepare for cases. Thus, the authors sought to evaluate the perspectives of neurosurgical trainees on the integration of these technologies into neurosurgical education.

METHODS
A 20-question cross-sectional survey was administered to neurosurgical residents and fellows to evaluate perceptions of the use of XR in neurosurgical training. Respondents evaluated each statement using a modified Likert scale (1–5).

RESULTS
One hundred sixteen responses were recorded, with 59.5% of participants completing more than 90% of the questions. Approximately 59% of participants reported having institutional access to XR technologies. The majority of XR users (72%) believed it was effective for simulating surgical situations, compared with only 41% for those who did not have access to XR. Most respondents (61%) agreed that XR could become a standard in neurosurgical education and a cost-effective training tool (60%). Creating patient-specific anatomical XR models was considered relatively easy by 56% of respondents. Those with XR access reported finding it easier to create intraoperative models (58%) than those without access. A significant percentage (79%) agreed on the need for technical skill training outside the operating room (OR), especially among those without XR access (82%). There was general agreement (60%) regarding the specific need for XR. XR was perceived as effectively simulating stress in the OR. Regarding clinical outcomes, 61% believed XR improved efficiency and safety and 48% agreed it enhanced resection margins. Major barriers to XR integration included lack of ample training hours and/or time to use XR amid daily clinical obligations (63%).

CONCLUSIONS
The data presented in this study indicate that there is broad agreement among neurosurgical trainees that XR holds potential as a training modality in neurosurgical education. Moreover, trainees who have access to XR technologies tend to hold more positive perceptions regarding the benefits of XR in their training. This finding suggests that the availability of XR resources can positively influence trainees’ attitudes and beliefs regarding the utility of these technologies in their education and training.
Exoscopic removal of the fourth ventricle choroid plexus papilloma with use of a midline suboccipital osteoplastic craniotomy
Authors: Sufianov Rinat A. , Gaysin Ilshat A. , Iakimov Iurii A. , Sufianov Albert A. 
Published: January 2024

Choroid plexus papillomas are relatively rare vascular tumors. In this video, the authors present a pediatric patient who underwent exoscopic removal of the fourth ventricle choroid plexus papilloma with the use of a midline suboccipital osteoplastic craniotomy. The exoscope in the fourth ventricle lesion helps to improve visualization in all directions, with the surgeon being able to maintain a comfortable position throughout the procedure. In addition, the midline suboccipital osteoplastic craniotomy helps to reduce the potential risks of complications, in particular, CSF leak and craniovertebral junction instability.
The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2023.10.FOCVID23106
Exoscopic extradural anterior clinoidectomy
Authors: Auricchio Anna Maria , Calvanese Francesco , Lehecka Martin 
Published: January 2024

Extradural anterior clinoidectomy is a resourceful technique to decompress the optic nerve as well as increase exposure of the parasellar region during extensive approaches. Despite requiring adjunctive epidural bone work, this technique allows safe optic nerve mobilization and early devascularization for anterior clinoidal meningioma resection. This 2D operative video describes right optic nerve decompression by extradural anterior clinoidectomy and subsequent resection of a right Al-Mefty type III clinoid meningioma under exoscope magnification. The patient was a 50-year-old woman with a 1-year history of right visual acuity impairment and papillary atrophy. The exoscope allows a 360° view around the anterior clinoid, improving maneuverability.
The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2023.10.FOCVID23118
Exoscopic supraorbital approach for a suprasellar craniopharyngioma
Authors: Patel Arpan A. , Júnior de Andrade Erion , Srivatsa Shaarada , Recinos Pablo F. 
Published: January 2024

The authors present an operative video of a supraorbital craniotomy for resection of a suprasellar, supradiaphragmatic craniopharyngioma. The patient is a 62-year-old female who presented with 3 months of blurry vision secondary to a 2.5-cm suprasellar mass causing compression on the optic nerve. Supraorbital craniotomy was selected due to the supradiaphragmatic location of the tumor and the subsequent disadvantages, including CSF leakage, of other approaches such as the endoscopic endonasal approach. The operative video emphasizes optimizing operating room (OR) setup to improve surgeon ergonomics and comfort. The patient underwent an uncomplicated gross-total resection with subsequent discharge home the day after surgery.
The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2023.10.FOCVID23140
Use of a 3D exoscope in microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve root
Authors: Herta Johannes , Rössler Karl , Dorfer Christian 
Published: January 2024

For microvascular decompression surgery, adequate visualization of the trigeminal nerve root is essential. Several visualization techniques with operating microscopes, endoscopes, a combination of both, and exoscopes have been described. In this video, the authors use a 4K 3D exoscope (ORBEYE) as it offers superb optical image quality with a high degree of magnification and illumination in the cerebellopontine angle. Other advantages are surgeon ergonomics, a very good depth of field for the entire operating team, and potentially evolving visualization technologies like narrow-band imaging—essential points for microvascular decompression surgery where the aim is to create the best possible visibility in a narrow corridor.
The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2023.10.FOCVID23149
Frontotemporal craniotomy with orbital osteotomy for superior hypophyseal artery aneurysm clipping
Authors: Arzumanov Grant , Jeong Seung W. , Gupta Bhavika , Dabecco Rocco , Sandoval Jose , Williamson Richard , Yu Alexander 
Published: January 2024

Superior hypophyseal artery (SHA) aneurysms are rare paraclinoid aneurysms with a mortality rate as high as 3%–6%. Surgical clipping of these aneurysms is technically challenging due to the surrounding anatomy. The large size and complicated surrounding anatomy make endovascular coiling very difficult. Here we present the case of a ruptured right SHA aneurysm. The authors present technical nuances of the clipping using an exoscope rather than a traditional microscope.
The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2023.10.FOCVID23157
Exoscope-assisted resection of a recurrent left frontal pilocytic astrocytoma
Authors: Sreenivasan Sanjeev , Golub Danielle , Black Karen , Schulder Michael 
Published: January 2024

An exoscope strengthens the armamentarium of a neurosurgeon by improving visualization and surgeon ergonomics, reducing surgeon discomfort, and improving coordination among the surgical team. A 23-year-old male patient developed focal seizures and weakness affecting his right arm that was attributable to a recurrent left frontal lesion. Despite two craniotomies at an 8-year interval, chemotherapy, and radiation, the tumor continued to progress. In this video, the authors demonstrate resection of a recurrent left frontal pilocytic astrocytoma with the assistance of an exoscope, neuronavigation, and neuromonitoring. The exoscope can enhance surgical resectability while smoothening the surgical workflow.
The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2023.10.FOCVID23158
Occipital-interhemispheric transtentorial pineal mass resection
Authors: Arzumanov Grant , Jeong Seung W. , Gupta Bhavika , Dabecco Rocco , Sandoval Jose , Shepard Matthew J. , Leonardo Jody , Yu Alexander 
Published: January 2024

The occipital approach for pineal tumors was first described by James Poppen in 1966. Since then, it has been widely used for accessing deep-seated tumors as it offers a wider surgical view than the supracerebellar transtentorial approach. This video demonstrates the technical nuances of the occipital transtentorial approach and the exoscopic dissection of a pineal gland tumor in a 66-year-old male. Use of the exoscope over the microscope provides certain ergonomic advantages and improves surgical workflow, as demonstrated here.
The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2023.10.FOCVID23161
Literature Review : Pengaruh Bahan Tambahan Sabut Kelapa Terhadap Kuat Tekan Dan Kadar Air Batako
Authors: Yolanda  , Septiandini Erna , Saefudin Arief 
Published: January 2024

Perkembangan pembangunan infrastuktur di Indonesia yang semakin meningkat menjadikan bahan material yang diperlukan juga meningkat. Dari sekian banyaknya bahan material yang ada di Indonesia salah satunya adalah batako. Dari situlah beberapa penelitian terdahulu membuat inovasi untuk menggati bahan campuran dari bahan material tersebut dengan bahan limbah yang menumpuk sebagai bahan alternatif. Penulis membuat literature review artikel ini dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bahan tambahan untuk bahan campuran batako dari beberapa penelitian terdahulu. Pencarian database yang digunakan termasuk google schoolar ataupun website lain. Dengan mendapatkan 19 artikel dan yang digunakan 6 artikel yang sesuai melalui analisis dengan tujuan, metode, hasil dari setiap penelitian tersebut hinggal tahun terbit artikel tersebut karena artikel dibatasi dari tahun 2010-sekarang. Hasil dari literatur review ini yaitu penulis mengetahui pengaruh dari hasil inovasi penelitian terdahulu apakah sesuai dengan syarat SNI 03-0349-1989 batako mulai dari tingkat mutu, syarat fisis (kuat tekan) dan kadar air
Implementasi Bim Dalam Perhitungan Quantity Take-Off Pekerjaan Struktur Dan Arsitektur Proyek RTCT Pertamina
Authors: Zahrah Kania , Lenggogeni  , Berliana Rezi 
Published: January 2024

Quantity Take-off merupakan pekerjaan yang sangat krusial karena hasil perhitungannya akan berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan proyek konstruksi. Untuk itu, penerapan BIM dalam proyek konstruksi sangat penting karena memiliki keakuratan yang tinggi daripada perhitungan secara manual. Hal ini terjadi karena BIM dapat melakukan perhitungan yang lebih presisi dan mengurangi resiko human error dalam menghitung volume pekerjaan. Selain itu dengan BIM dapat meningkatkan efisiensi waktu karena dapat menghitung jumlah kebutuhan material melalui mode digital. Penelitian ini membahas perbandingan dalam menghitung Quantity Take-off menggunakan BIM pada software Autodesk Revit dan perhitungan manual menggunakan Microsoft Excel dan Autocad pada pekerjaan struktur dan arsitektur. Implementasi BIM 5D dimulai dari pembuatan model dari 2D menjadi 3D yang mencakup struktur maupun arsitektur bangunan. Data yang dimasukan dalam model 3D diolah menjadi volume berdasarkan spesifikasi dan jenis bahan yang digunakan. Volume yang telah dikeluarkan selanjutnya digunakan dalam penyusunan Quantity Take-off. Hasil perhitungan menggunakan BIM dan perhitungan manual selanjutnya dibandingkan untuk mengetahui perbedaan volume pekerjaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan sebesar 0.0503% antara perhitungan BIM dan manual. Mengeluarkan volume melalui BIM juga terbilang cukup cepat dan mudah daripada manual sehingga dapat menghemat efisiensi waktu
Identification of Local Architectural Elements on Building Facades in Palembang
Authors: Amin Abdul Rachmad Zahrial 
Published: January 2024

Fasad merupakan bagian terpenting dari suatu bangunan, karena fasad bangunan adalah hal pertama yang sering dilihat. Terkadang fasad juga menujukan sebuah style pada saat itu atau mennjukan identitas pemilik rumah. Penggunaan elemen arsitektur lokal dibeberapa kota di Indonesia banyak digunakan pada bangunan publik, bangunan pemerintahan bahkan sampai dengan rumah tinggal. Penggunaan elemen tersebut dapat dilihat dari bentuk atap, dinding yang tentunya memilik makna atau filosofi sebuah elemen arsitektur lokal. Penerapan elemen arsitektur lokal ini dibuasany digunakan pada tampak bangunan sebagai identitas suatu daerah. Untuk itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan elemen arsitektur lokal pada bangunan tersebut, terutama pada jalan Kapt A. Rivai Palembang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis melalui pendekatan eksploratif. Data diperoleh dengan melakukan observasi dilapangan, studi pustaka dan wawancara. Penggunaan elemen tersebut banyak digunakan pada bangunan pemerintahan. Adapun elemen yang sering digunakan adalah tanjak, songket Palembang dan ukiran khas daerah lokal