bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biocompatibility and functionality of the degradable polymer alkylene bis(dilactoyl)‐methacrylate for screw augmentation in vivo
Authors: Ignatius Anita A. , Augat Peter , Hollstein Elke , Schorlemmer Sandra , Peraus Manfred , Pokinskyj Peter , Claes Lutz 
Published: July 2005

AbstractRecently, a new degradable polymer has been developed on the basis of alkylene bis(dilactoyl)‐methacrylate as an alternative material for screw augmentation. The polymer has been investigated in vitro and in a short‐term experiment in rabbits exhibiting promising results. The aim of the present study was to investigate its long‐term biocompatibility and mechanical functionality in a large animal model. The polymer was used for screw augmentation in the cancellous bone of the femoral condyle and tibia epiphysis of 12 sheep and was compared to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) augmented and nonaugmented screws. After an implantation period of 6 months, bone, regional lymph nodes, and several organs were histologically evaluated. The mechanical efficacy was investigated by a biomechanical pullout test. A lot of mononuclear macrophages and multinuclear foreign body giant cells with incorporated polymer particles indicate strong inflammatory reactions. Large osteolysis zones with osteoclasts were found in the surrounding polymer. The polymer was fragmented but not substantially degraded. Polymer particles were also found in the regional lymph nodes. Lung, liver, kidney, and spleen did not show any pathological signs. The pullout force of screws augmented with the new polymer was significantly reduced in comparison to PMMA augmented and nonaugmented screws, respectively. It was concluded that the material has poor biocompatibility and cannot be recommended for clinical application as screw augmentation material. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2005
Bonding performance of different adhesive systems to deproteinized dentin: Microtensile bond strength and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Barbosa de Souza Fábio , Silva Cláudio Heliomar Vicente , Guenka Palma Dibb Regina , Sincler Delfino Carina , Carneiro de Souza Beatrice Lúcia 
Published: July 2005

AbstractDeproteinization has been shown to optimize dentin bonding, but differences in adhesive composition should be considered. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dentin deproteinization on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of four total‐etch adhesive systems (Single Bond™/SB, Prime & Bond® NT™/PB, One Coat Bond/OC, and PQ1™/PQ). The ultrastructure of the resin–dentin interfaces was also examined using scanning electron microscopy. Tukey's multiple‐comparison tests indicated that PB and PQ produced significantly higher μTBS (p < 0.05) after dentin deproteinization (PB = 61.53 MPa, PQ = 58.18 MPa). This treatment provided statistically lower results for SB (39.08 MPa), but the μTBS of OC to dentin was unaffected by dentin deproteinization. The bonding performance on deproteinized dentin surfaces depended on the characteristics of each adhesive system, as well as the adhesive dentin specificity to the oxidant effect of sodium hypochlorite. Incorporation of fillers in the adhesive, a possible self‐etching action, and the presence of a volatile solvent (acetone) were the main factors for a better union between the adhesive system and deproteinized substrate. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2005
Yam affects the antioxidative and gel‐forming properties of surimi gels
Authors: Chiang Been‐Huang , Chou Su‐Tze , Hsu Cheng‐Kuang 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe antioxidative activities and textural properties of pollock surimi gels containing four different yams were determined to evaluate the potential of using yam as a health ingredient and an alternative source for starch in surimi‐based seafoods. Surimi gels containing 20% fresh yam showed higher α,α‐diphenyl‐β‐pricryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging activities and total phenolic contents than the gels without yam. Two tested cultivars, 70W34 and 70W35, did not show significant reductions in antioxidative activities when used in surimi gel while three other cultivars revealed species‐dependant declines in both the DPPH scavenging activities and total phenolic contents. The surimi gel containing the cultivar 70R20 showed the highest breaking forces and deformations. In general, 20% fresh yam could be used to form a yam‐containing surimi gel having similar textural properties with a potato starch containing pollock surimi gel. The dried yam powders might be used at the amount of 30% fresh yam equivalent without causing significant losses of the textural properties of pollock surimi gels. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Role of AMP‐activated protein kinase in the glycolysis of postmortem muscle
Authors: Shen Qingwu W , Du Min 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a newly identified kinase controlling energy metabolism in vivo. The objective of this study was to show the role of AMPK in postmortem glycolysis. Rapid and excessive postmortem glycolysis is directly related to the incidence of PSE (pale, soft and exudative) meat in pork, chicken and turkey, while insufficient glycolysis leads to dark cutters in beef and lamb, which causes significant loss to the meat industry. A total of 24 two‐month‐old C57BL/6J mice were assigned to three treatments: (1) wild‐type mice without pre‐slaughter treatment; (2) wild‐type mice with a 2 min swim before slaughter; and (3) wild‐type mice intraperitoneally injected with AICAr (50 mg kg−1), a specific activator of AMPK, to stimulate the activity of AMPK. In addition, 16 two‐month‐old C57BL/6J mice with AMPK knockout were assigned to two treatments: (4) AMPK knockout mice without pre‐slaughter treatment; and (5) AMPK knockout mice with a 2 min swim before slaughter. The longissimus dorsi muscle was sampled at 0, 1 and 24 h postmortem for pH and enzyme activity measurements. Results showed that AMPK activity had a major role in determining the ultimate muscle pH. Pre‐slaughter stress induced by swimming significantly accelerated the glycogenolysis in postmortem muscle through activating glycogen phosphorylase. AMPK is important for maintaining the activity of glycogen phosphorylase and pyruvate kinase, and glycogenolysis/glycolysis in postmortem muscle. Thus, AMPK has an important role in the control of postmortem glycolysis and is crucial for a lower ultimate pH in postmortem muscle. However, the activation of AMPK cannot fully account for the initial rapid glycogenolysis/glycolysis induced by stress and another mechanism must exist for the accelerated glycolysis induced by pre‐slaughter stress. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of enrofloxacin administration on the proteolytic and antioxidant enzyme activities of raw and cooked turkey products
Authors: Carreras Irene , Castellari Massimo , Valero Angel , García Regueiro José Antonio , Sárraga Carmen 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the effect of enrofloxacin administration with and without withdrawal period on the quality of fresh meat and cooked products from turkey breasts. Cathepsin B and L activities were inactivated by the thermal process but were not affected by the presence of enrofloxacin. The level of enrofloxacin in samples without withdrawal time was higher than the regulatory maximum residue limit (MRL). The antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and catalase (CAT) were affected by both the thermal process and the antibiotic residues in cooked meat. In no cases were differences found in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, supporting the theory that this enzyme could play a major role in preventing lipid oxidation of cooked meat. Enrofloxacin residues could contribute to an increase in the oxidative stress produced by thermal processing, as can be deduced by the reduction in GSHPx and CAT activities. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Oxidation process of oils with high content of linoleic acyl groups and formation of toxic hydroperoxy‐ and hydroxyalkenals. A study by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Guillén María D , Ruiz Ainhoa 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe oxidation process of sunflower and corn oils at 70 °C with circulating air has been studied by means of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The changes produced in the two oils are compared not only in relation to the rate of degradation of acyl groups but also with reference to both the rate of formation and degradation of primary oxidation products as well as the rate of formation of secondary oxidation products such as aldehydes. Special attention is paid to the evolution of the different kinds of aldehydes formed throughout the process. The great ability of these oils to produce geno‐ and cytotoxic aldehydes under the above conditions is proved. Moreover, peroxide and anisidine values of corn oil throughout its oxidation process have also been determined and the results obtained have been compared with those provided by the 1H NMR spectra, showing good agreement. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
A model of lysosomal metabolism of dextran coated superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles: implications for cellular magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Arbab Ali S. , Wilson Lindsey B. , Ashari Parwana , Jordan Elaine K. , Lewis Bobbi K. , Frank Joseph A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFerumoxides, dextran‐coated superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles, form ferumoxide–transfection agent (FE–TA) complexes that are internalized into endosomes/lysosomes and have been used to label cells for in vivo MRI tracking and localization studies. A better understanding of the physical state of the FE–TA complexes during endocytosis could improve their use. The purpose of this study was to measure the rate of the degradation of iron particles under varying physiological conditions. FE–TA complexes were incubated in seven different buffers containing different chelates with different pH. Reducible iron concentrations, T2 relaxation rates and gradient echo (GRE) magnetic resonance images (MRI) were obtained from each condition immediately after incubation and at 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h and days 7, 14 and 21. The dynamics of FE–TA in the endosome/lysomes within the cells were visualized with electron microscopy. Sodium citrate buffer at pH 4.5 rapidly dissolved FE–TA complexes. However, FE–TA complexes were less soluble in the same buffer at pH 5.5. Similarly, FE–TA complexes were not readily soluble in any of the other buffers with or without chelates, regardless of pH. Electron microscopic images showed degraded FE–TA in some intracellular endosome/lysosomes between days 3 and 5. In the cellular environment, some of the FE–TA‐containing endosomes were found to fuse with lysosomes, causing rapid dissociation at low pH and exposing the iron core to chelates that resulted in soluble Fe(III) within the lysosomes. The studies presented represent a first step in identifying the important cellular environmental parameters affecting the integrity of FE–TA complexes. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simazine biodegradation in soil: analysis of bacterial community structure by in situ hybridization
Authors: Caracciolo Anna Barra , Grenni Paola , Ciccoli Roberto , Di Landa Giuseppe , Cremisini Carlo 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPesticide and nitrate contamination of soil and groundwater from agriculture is an environmental and public health concern worldwide. Simazine, 6‐chloro‐N2,N4‐diethyl‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamine, is a triazine herbicide used in agriculture for selective weed control with several types of crops and it is frequently applied to soils receiving N‐fertilizers. Degradation experiments were performed in the laboratory to assess whether the biodegradation of simazine in soil may be influenced by the presence of urea. Simazine degradation rates under different experimental conditions (presence/absence of urea, microbiologically active/sterilized soil) were assessed together with the formation, degradation and transformation of its main metabolites in soil. Simazine degradation was affected by the presence of urea, in terms both of a smaller half‐life (t1/2) and of a higher amount of desethyl‐simazine formed. The soil bacterial community was also studied. Microbial abundances were determined by epifluorescence direct counting. Moreover in situ hybridization with rRNA‐targeted fluorescent oligonucleotide probes was used to analyze the bacterial community structure. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect specific groups of bacteria such as the α,β,γ‐subdivisions of Proteobacteria, Gram‐positive bacteria with a high G + C DNA content, Planctomycetes, Betaproteobacterial ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria and nitrifying bacteria. The presence of the herbicide and/or urea affected the bacterial community structure, showing that FISH is a valuable tool for determining the response of bacterial populations to different environmental conditions. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Gender moderates the association between depression and disability in chronic pain patients
Authors: Keogh Edmund , McCracken Lance M. , Eccleston Christopher 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPain‐related anxiety and depression are important correlates of disability amongst chronic pain patients. Furthermore, women may differ in their experience of pain, anxiety and depression when compared to men. The aim of the current study was to determine the relative contribution of anxiety and depression on disability in male and female chronic pain patients. The sample consisted of 260 patients (101 males, 159 females) referred to the Pain Management Unit at the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases in Bath, UK. As part of an initial assessment, all patients completed measures of depression, pain‐related anxiety and disability. As predicted, both anxiety and depression were found to be significant positive predictors of pain, number of medications used and disability. Although gender did not significantly predict disability, it did moderate the relationship between depression and disability, in that when depression was high, women report greater disability than men. Gender was also found to moderate the relationship between depression and number of medications used, in that a positive association was found for men, but not women. However, gender did not significantly moderate the relationship between anxiety and disability. Together these results not only suggest that gender is an important moderator of the relationship between emotional responses and disability, but that such associations may be related more to depression than anxiety.
The behaviour of spawning herring in relation to a survey vessel
Authors: Skaret Georg , Axelsen Bjørn Erik , Nøttestad Leif , Fernö Anders , Johannessen Arne 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Vessel avoidance of spawning herring (Clupea harengus L.) was studied off the coast of southwestern Norway in April 2000. In eight repeated night-time passages a demersal layer of herring was recorded acoustically by a small stationary reference vessel (96 GRT), while a survey vessel (710 GRT) passed at short ranges (8–40 m). No avoidance attributable to the survey vessel was observed. We interpret vessel avoidance as a response to a perceived threat and herring are known to exhibit strong avoidance reactions to survey vessels during wintering and the spawning migration. At the spawning site, the high priority given to reproductive activities seems to overrule the avoidance responses to a passing survey vessel.
Heat stress induced histopathology and pathophysiology of the central nervous system
Authors: Ahmed R.G. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe number of reports on the effects of heat stress is still increasing on account of the temperature is one of the most encountered stressful factors on the different biological systems. Because the heat stress (HS) considered a model of thermal injury to the central nervous system (CNS), the purpose of this review was to assess the histopathological changes of HS on CNS. Also, this review emphasized that the heat stress may retard partially the degree of the postnatal neurogenesis and growth of CNS. Taken together, owing to one of the most important functions of heat shock protein is to protect the organisms from the deleterious effects of temperature, thus, it can be hypothesized that the formation of heat shock proteins may be related to the deleterious effect of HS. On the other hands, the alterations of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system might be involved in the physiological and biochemical responses that occur during heat stress. The hypothalamic monoaminergic systems play an important role in the thermoregulation through regulate the heat production and heat dissipation. In addition, the disturbance in the biochemical variables due to the high temperature may be the cause of the histopathological changes and the partial retardation in CNS and the reverse is true. Thus, further studies need to be done to emphasize this concept.
SCL, GATA‐2 and Lmo2 expression in neurogenesis
Authors: Herberth B. , Minkó K. , Csillag A. , Jaffredo T. , Madarász E. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSCL, Lmo2 and GATA factors form common transcription complexes during hematopoietic differentiation. The overlapping expression of SCL with GATA‐2 and GATA‐3 in the developing brain indicated that these factors might collaborate also in the course of neural tissue differentiation. The expression pattern of Lmo2 in the developing CNS, however, is not well understood. Here, we show that neural cells in the early embryonic chick mid‐ and hindbrain express SCL and GATA‐2, while Lmo2 is expressed only in vascular elements. The lack of Lmo2 transcripts in neural cells demonstrated that SCL and GATA‐2 cannot form common complexes with Lmo2 in the developing brain. In the course of neural tissue genesis, GATA‐2 mRNA appeared prior to the SCL transcript. While GATA‐2 expression decreased with maturation, SCL expression persisted at a high level also in post‐neurogenic periods. The temporal pattern of SCL and GATA‐2/3 expression was investigated also in vitro, in the course of induced neurogenesis by NE‐4C neural stem cells. While GATA‐2 expression increased from the very beginning of differentiation, SCL expression appeared only in more differentiated cells expressing proneural genes. GATA‐3 expression, on the other hand, was detected only in advanced stages of the neuronal maturation, which were characterised by the activation of the Math2 neuronal gene. Similarly to the hematopoietic differentiation, GATA‐2 expression precedes the activation of both SCL and GATA‐3, and may play roles in the activation of the SCL gene in neuronal development. In contrast to hematopoietic differentiation, however, our results failed to demonstrate co‐assembling of GATA factors or SCL with Lmo2. While overlapping expression of GATA‐2/3 and SCL was detected, Lmo2 activation could not be demonstrated in neural cells in the investigated period of neuronal development.
The essential ideal is a Cohen–Macaulay module
Authors: Green David 
Published: July 2005

LetGGbe a finitepp-group which does not contain a rank two elementary abelianpp-group as a direct factor. Then the ideal of essential classes in the mod-ppcohomology ring of GGis a Cohen–Macaulay module whose Krull dimension is thepp-rank of the centre of GG. This basically answers in the affirmative a question posed by J. F. Carlson (Question 5.4 inProblems in the calculation of group cohomology, 1999).
Cesàro summability in a linear autonomous difference equation
Authors: Pituk Mihály 
Published: July 2005

For a linear autonomous difference equation with a unique real eigenvalue

λ

0

\lambda _{0}

, it is shown that for every solution

x
x

the ratio of

x
x

and the eigensolution corresponding to

λ

0

\lambda _{0}

is Cesàro summable to a limit which can be expressed in terms of the initial data. As a consequence, for most solutions the Lyapunov characteristic exponent is equal to

λ

0

\lambda _{0}

. The proof is based on a Tauberian theorem for the Laplace transform.
Maternal experience of pain during external cephalic version at term
Authors: Fok Wing Yee , Chan Lin Wai , Leung Tak Yeung , Lau Tze Kin 
Published: July 2005

Background.  This study was designed to investigate maternal pain perception during external cephalic version (ECV).Methods.  This prospective study included 97 pregnant women with singleton breech presentation at or above 36 weeks of gestation undergoing ECV. No analgesia or anesthesia were used during ECV. The women were asked to rate the degree of pain on a 10‐cm visual analog scale after ECV.Results.  Ninety‐eight ECVs were performed and the overall success rate was 66%. The median pain score was 5.7 (interquartile range 2.7–6.8). The visual analog pain score was significantly lower among those with a successful ECV than those with a failed procedure (median score 4.6 vs. 6.8, p < 0.001). Similarly, those procedures rated as easy by the operator were associated with a significantly lower pain score (3.4 vs. 6.4, p < 0.001). However, the pain score was not found to be related to the operator, parity or placental site. Among the five subjects with a pain score of 8.5 and beyond, the ECV procedure was still successful in four (80%).Conclusion.  ECV performed without analgesia was associated with a moderate degree of pain that was well tolerated by the majority of patients because of its short duration.
Vaginal fluid β‐human chorionic gonadotropin level in the diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes
Authors: Kim Young‐Han , Park Yong‐Won , Kwon Han‐Sung , Kwon Ja‐Young , Kim Bok‐Ja 
Published: July 2005

Background.  To determine whether the measurement of β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐HCG) level in the vaginal washing fluid could be useful for the diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes.Methods.  Totally, 120 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. Subjects were divided into four groups [group I, no preterm labor and term delivery (n = 38); group II, preterm labor and term delivery (n = 12); group III, preterm labor and consequent premature delivery (n = 24); group IV, preterm labor with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and consequent premature delivery (n = 46)]. After irrigating the posterior vaginal fornix with 3 ml of sterile saline and the obtained vaginal washing fluid, we measured β‐HCG levels.Results.  The median and range of vaginal fluid β‐HCG levels were 3.60 (0.09–30.52), 4.42 (0.33–10.02), 15.50 (0.25–378.62), and 512.53 (26.95–3507.20) mIU/ml in group I, group II, group III, and group IV, respectively. Vaginal β‐HCG level was significantly higher in patients with PROM followed by premature delivery (group IV) than patients in other groups (P < 0.01). From the receiver operating characteristic curve, 39.8mIU/ml was set as a cutoff value. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 95.5, 94.7, 91.3, and 97.3%, respectively.Conclusion.  Our study demonstrated that the measurement of vaginal fluid β‐HCG may be reliable, simple, and rapid test in diagnosing PROM and used as a adjunctive test in equivocal cases.