bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of sex and age on vaccine-related side effects and their progression after booster mRNA COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Mori Masahiko , Yokoyama Aiko , Shichida Ayami , Sasuga Kimiko , Maekawa Takafumi , Moriyama Tadayoshi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, side effects after the first and second dose have been well reported. However, studies about side effects after booster vaccine are sparse. 272 healthcare workers who received the third mRNA COVID-19 vaccine were recruited, and impact of sex, age, and symptoms on the side effect progression was statistically analyzed. Females and younger adults had a higher frequencies of general fatigue, headache, joint pain, chills and axillary pain compared to males and elderly adults, respectively. In longitudinal analysis, prolonged time to recovery from side effects was found among females and younger adults. Finally, between the third and second dose vaccinations, 52% of subjects had a longer duration of side effects following the third vaccine compared to the second, and joint pain was the culprit symptom related to the prolonged duration of side effects. Following the second vaccine dose, 25% of subjects had a longer duration of side effects and asthma and ear fullness, which exacerbated the underlying allergic condition, and COVID arm symptom were the culprit symptoms. These highlight the impact of sex, age, and culprit symptoms on the progress of side effects following the booster mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.
Unraveling the strong covariability of tropical cyclone activity between the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea
Authors: Wu Zeming , Hu Chundi , Lin Lifei , Chen Weizhen , Huang Lixuan , Lin Zijian , Yang Song 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHerein, we report a strong in-phase covariability of tropical cyclone (TC) activity between the Bay of Bengal (BOB) and the South China Sea (SCS) during October–December of 1979–2019, and which is also the dominant mode of BOB–SCS TC activity, accounting for 35% of the total variances in TC track density. This inter-basin TC covariance is closely linked to the anomalies of tropical sea surface temperature, appearing as the intrinsic Indo-Pacific Tripole mode, which significantly affects the atmospheric circulations overlying the BOB–SCS. Interestingly, this mechanism works via modulating the local TC genesis frequency in the BOB–SCS. However, in terms of the migrated TCs among them, the Indo-Pacific Tripole mainly regulates their genesis location but not their frequency. More importantly, such inter-basin TC covariability still exists significantly even when the TC track data migrating from the SCS into the BOB are excluded. After all, only 19 TCs during the 41 years (1979–2019) are observed to migrate from the SCS to the BOB, which can only contribute slightly to increasing the covariability of BOB–SCS TC-track activity, but do not play a dominant role. Further, the numerical simulations suggest that although both the Indian and Pacific Oceans contribute to the atmospheric anomalies that affect the BOB–SCS TC activity, the Pacific-effect is twice as important.
Quantifying the impact of AI recommendations with explanations on prescription decision making
Authors: Nagendran Myura , Festor Paul , Komorowski Matthieu , Gordon Anthony C. , Faisal Aldo A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe influence of AI recommendations on physician behaviour remains poorly characterised. We assess how clinicians’ decisions may be influenced by additional information more broadly, and how this influence can be modified by either the source of the information (human peers or AI) and the presence or absence of an AI explanation (XAI, here using simple feature importance). We used a modified between-subjects design where intensive care doctors (N = 86) were presented on a computer for each of 16 trials with a patient case and prompted to prescribe continuous values for two drugs. We used a multi-factorial experimental design with four arms, where each clinician experienced all four arms on different subsets of our 24 patients. The four arms were (i) baseline (control), (ii) peer human clinician scenario showing what doses had been prescribed by other doctors, (iii) AI suggestion and (iv) XAI suggestion. We found that additional information (peer, AI or XAI) had a strong influence on prescriptions (significantly for AI, not so for peers) but simple XAI did not have higher influence than AI alone. There was no correlation between attitudes to AI or clinical experience on the AI-supported decisions and nor was there correlation between what doctors self-reported about how useful they found the XAI and whether the XAI actually influenced their prescriptions. Our findings suggest that the marginal impact of simple XAI was low in this setting and we also cast doubt on the utility of self-reports as a valid metric for assessing XAI in clinical experts.
Earlier and more uniform spring green-up linked to lower insect richness and biomass in temperate forests
Authors: Uphus Lars , Uhler Johannes , Tobisch Cynthia , Rojas-Botero Sandra , Lüpke Marvin , Benjamin Caryl , Englmeier Jana , Fricke Ute , Ganuza Cristina , Haensel Maria , Redlich Sarah , Zhang Jie , Müller Jörg , Menzel Annette 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUrbanization and agricultural intensification are considered the main causes of recent insect decline in temperate Europe, while direct climate warming effects are still ambiguous. Nonetheless, higher temperatures advance spring leaf emergence, which in turn may directly or indirectly affect insects. We therefore investigated how Sentinel-2-derived start of season (SOS) and its spatial variability (SV-SOS) are affected by spring temperature and whether these green-up variables can explain insect biomass and richness across a climate and land-use gradient in southern Germany. We found that the effects of both spring green-up variables on insect biomass and richness differed between land-use types, but were strongest in forests. Here, insect richness and biomass were higher with later green-up (SOS) and higher SV-SOS. In turn, higher spring temperatures advanced SOS, while SV-SOS was lower at warmer sites. We conclude that with a warming climate, insect biomass and richness in forests may be affected negatively due to earlier and more uniform green-up. Promising adaptation strategies should therefore focus on spatial variability in green-up in forests, thus plant species and structural diversity.
Hybrid microstructure of smectite clay gels revealed using neutron and synchrotron X-ray scattering
Authors: Shoaib Mohammad , Khan Shaihroz , Wani Omar B. , Mata Jitendra , Krzysko Anthony J. , Kuzmenko Ivan , Bleuel Markus , Fiddes Lindsey K. , Roth Eric W. , Bobicki Erin R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAqueous suspensions of swelling clays display a nematic sol-gel transition at very low solid concentrations. The underlying microstructure of the gel has remained a point of contention since the time of Irving Langmuir and has been a major obstacle to fully realizing the potential of clays for practical applications. Here, we comprehensively probe the microstructure of a smectite clay suspension using ultra-small angle neutron/X-ray scattering and find that the nematic gel is structurally ordered and contains entities that are at least an order of magnitude larger than the individual particles. Complementary cryo-electron microscopy shows the presence of domains having particle-particle ordering responsible for nematic texture and regions of particle-particle aggregation responsible for gel-like behavior. We find that the smectic clay gels have a hybrid microstructure with co-existing repulsive nematic domains and attractive disordered domains.
Perceptions of Adults With Hearing Loss About the Communication Difficulties Generated by the COVID-19 Preventive Measures: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Chauvette Loonan , Pinsonnault-Skvarenina Alexis , Sharp Andréanne , Gagné Jean-Pierre , Lacerda Adriana Bender Moreira , Hotton Mathieu 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
The COVID-19 pandemic led to the implementation of preventive measures that exacerbated communication difficulties for individuals with hearing loss. This study aims to explore the perception of adults with hearing loss about the communication difficulties caused by the preventive measures and about their experiences with communication 1 year after the adoption of these preventive measures.

Method:
Individual semistructured interviews were conducted via videoconference with six adults who have hearing loss from the province of Québec, Canada. Data were examined using qualitative content analysis.

Results:
The study found that face masks and in-person work (i.e., in opposition to remote work) were important barriers to communication because of hindered lipreading and competing noise in many workplaces. In contrast, preventive measures that allowed visual information transmission (e.g., transparent face masks, fixed plastic partitions) were considered favorable for communication. Communication partners were perceived as playing an important role in communication success with preventive measures: Familiar communication partners improved communication, whereas those with poor attitude or strategies hindered communication. Participants found that videoconferences could provide satisfactory communication but were sometimes hindered by issues such as bad audiovisual quality or too many participants.

Conclusions:
This study identified reduced access to speech reading and lack of general awareness about hearing issues as key barriers to communication during the pandemic. The decreased communication capabilities were perceived to be most problematic at work and during health appointments, and tended to cause frustration, anxiety, self-esteem issues, and social isolation. Suggestions are outlined for current and future public health measures to better consider the experience of people with hearing loss.
Low‐computation‐burden model predictive current control for the grid‐tied quasi‐Z‐source inverter
Authors: Liu Qinghua , Zhang Jinliang , Kang Longyun , Duan Xinwei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe appealing design known as the quasi‐Z‐source inverter (qZSI) can function in both buck and boost modes. In the meantime, model predictive control (MPC) for power transformers has attracted a lot of interest. In order to improve performance and solve the shortcomings of the current MPC, this paper suggests a low‐computation‐burden model predictive current control (LCB‐MPCC) for the grid‐tied qZSI. Two active vectors, one zero vector, and one shoot‐through (ST) vector are used in the production of the output voltage. To get around the weighting factor, a modified sliding‐mode control technique is suggested for instantly controlling the inductor current and capacitor voltage to their regulating spots. The duty cycle of the ST vector is acquired by the dead‐beat control to restrict the inductor current and significantly reduce the inductor current ripple. Additionally, an effective and quick optimal sector selection strategy is provided that uses a look‐up table to pick the optimal sector rather than a number of intricate calculations. Therefore, the proposed LCB‐MPCC greatly reduces the computational burden. To demonstrate the efficacy and benefits of the suggested technique, simulation and experimental results are presented.
Constraining the top-light initial mass function in the extended ultraviolet disk of M 83
Authors: Rautio R. P. V. , Watkins A. E. , Salo H. , Venhola A. , Knapen J. H. , Comerón S. 
Published: November 2023

Context. The universality or non-universality of the initial mass function (IMF) has significant implications for determining star formation rates and star formation histories from photometric properties of stellar populations.
Aims. We reexamine whether the IMF is deficient in high-mass stars (top-light) in the low-density environment of the outer disk of M 83 and constrain the shape of the IMF therein.
Methods. Using archival Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) far ultraviolet (FUV) and near ultraviolet (NUV) data and new deep OmegaCAM narrowband Hα imaging, we constructed a catalog of FUV-selected objects in the outer disk of M 83. We counted Hα-bright clusters and clusters that are blue in FUV−NUV in the catalog, measured the maximum flux ratio FHα/fλFUV among the clusters, and measured the total flux ratio ΣFHα/ΣfλFUV over the catalog. We then compared these measurements to predictions from stellar population synthesis models made with a standard Salpeter IMF, truncated IMFs, and steep IMFs. We also investigated the effect of varying the assumed internal extinction on our results.
Results. We are not able to reproduce our observations with models using the standard Salpeter IMF or the truncated IMFs. It is only when assuming an average internal extinction of 0.10 < AV < 0.15 in the outer disk stellar clusters that models with steep IMFs (α > 3.1) simultaneously reproduce the observed cluster counts, the maximum observed FHα/fλFUV, and the observed ΣFHα/ΣfλFUV.
Conclusions. Our results support a non-universal IMF that is deficient in high-mass stars in low-density environments.
Psychologisch geleitete Gruppentreffen für Angehörige
von ALS-Patient*innen
Authors: Aust Elisa , Günther René , Hermann Andreas , Linse Katharina 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Der Verlauf der Amyotrophen Lateralsklerose (ALS) konfrontiert
die Betroffenen selbst, aber auch ihre An- und Zugehörigen nicht nur mit
zunehmenden körperlichen Einschränkungen, sondern auch mit
psychosozialen sowie sozialmedizinisch-organisatorischen Belastungen. Die
Angehörigen sind häufig eng in die Pflege und Betreuung
involviert und selbst hoch belastet, spezifische Angebote zu ihrer Entlastung
werden seit längerem empfohlen. Ziel dieser Studie war die Evaluation
der Umsetzbarkeit und Akzeptanz von psychologisch geleiteten supportiven
Angehörigentreffen in einer ALS-Spezialambulanz.
Methoden Die themenoffenen Gruppentreffen fanden ca. alle drei Monate
statt. Über einen Zeitraum von gut zwei Jahren wurden von insgesamt 26
Angehörigen von ALS-Patient*innen Daten zur subjektiven Relevanz
der Inhalte der Treffen, ihrer Nützlichkeit und eventuelle Kritik
erhoben.
Ergebnisse In den Angehörigentreffen wurden sowohl
praktisch-organisatorische Belange besprochen als auch psychosoziale Themen, zum
Beispiel Selbstfürsorge, der Umgang mit Emotionen sowie der Umgang bzw.
Konflikte mit den Erkrankten sowie Dritten. Die Treffen wurden
überwiegend als hilfreich, verständlich und persönlich
relevant bewertet und der Austausch in einer
„Schicksalsgemeinschaft“ als sehr entlastend wahrgenommen.
Diskussion Die ALS-Angehörigentreffen waren im beschriebenen
Format gut durchführbar und wurden gut angenommen. Angebote wie das hier
berichtete bieten soziale, emotionale und praktische Unterstützung und
sind damit geeignet, um die hoch belasteten Angehörigen von
ALS-Patient*innen zu entlasten. Die quantitative
Überprüfung ihrer Wirksamkeit ist aufgrund der
Komplexität der Lebenssituation sowie methodisch herausfordernd.
Aufgrund des geringen Aufwandes der Implementierung sollten psychosoziale
Unterstützungsangebote für Angehörige ein Bestandteil
der Regelversorgung bei ALS sein, im Sinne eines multidimensionalen
Versorgungskonzeptes mit palliativem Leitbild.
Measuring the concordance between endoscopic and histologic inflammation and its effect on IBD-associated dysplasia
Authors: Guerrero Vinsard Daniela , Lennon Ryan , Avvaru Himaja Kumari , Patel Mehrie , Lahori Simmy , Raffals Laura E. , Coelho-Prabhu Nayantara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims Chronically inflamed colonic mucosa is primed to develop dysplasia identified at surveillance colonoscopy by targeted or random biopsies. We aimed to explore the effect of mucosal inflammation on detection of visible and “invisible” dysplasia and the concordance between the degree of endoscopic and histologic inflammation.
Patients and methods This was a 6-year cross-sectional analysis of endoscopic and histologic data from IBD. A multinomial model was created to estimate the odds for a specific lesion type as well as the odds of random dysplasia relative to the degree of inflammation. Kappa statistics were used to measure concordance between endoscopic and histologic inflammation.
Results A total of 3437 IBD surveillance colonoscopies between
2016–2021 were reviewed with 970 procedures from 721 patients containing 1603 visible lesions.
Kappa agreement between histologic and endoscopic degree of inflammation was low at 0.4. There
was a positive association between increased endoscopic inflammation and presence of
tubulovillous adenomas (TVAs) (odds ratio [OR] 2.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–4.62;
P=0.04). Among cases with visible lesions, the yield of
concomitant random dysplasia was 2.7% and 1.9% for random indefinite dysplasia. The odds of
random dysplasia significantly increased as the degree of endoscopic and histologic
inflammation increased (OR 2.18, 95%CI 1.46–3.26; P<0.001 and OR
2.75; 95%CI 1.65–4.57, P<0.001, respectively. The odds of
indefinite random dysplasia also significantly increased as endoscopic and histologic
inflammation increased (OR 2.90; 95%CI 1.85, 4.55, P<0.001 and
OR 1.98; 95%CI 1.08, 3.62, P<0.035, respectively.
Conclusions Endoscopic and histologic inflammation are associated with higher odds of finding TVAs and random low-grade, high-grade, and indefinite dysplasia. Concordance between histologic and endoscopic inflammation severity is low.
Metal-Free Synthesis of 9-Sulfenylphenanthrenes via HNO3/HCl-Promoted Annulation of 2-Alkynylbiaryls with Disulfides
Authors: Huang Xiao-Cheng , Su Hui , Luan Tian , Yao Zhi-Xiang , Yu Wan-Guo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA metal-free thiolative annulation of 2-alkynylbiaryls with disulfides has been developed. This mild and efficient approach was promoted by inexpensive HNO3/HCl and afforded a range of corresponding 9-sulfenylphenanthrenes in good to excellent yields with a broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance. Both sulfide groups of the disulfide reagent were used in the reaction.
Effects of a Transoceanic Rowing Challenge on Cardiorespiratory
Function and Muscle Fitness
Authors: Ellis Chris , Ingram Thomas E. , Kite Chris , Taylor Suzan R. , Howard Elizabeth , Pike Joanna L. , Lee Eveline , Buckley John P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUltra-endurance sports and exercise events are becoming increasingly popular for
older age groups. We aimed to evaluate changes in cardiac function and physical
fitness in males aged 50–60 years who completed a 50-day transoceanic rowing
challenge. This case account of four self-selected males included electro- and
echo-cardiography (ECG, echo), cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness measures
recorded nine months prior to and three weeks after a transatlantic team-rowing
challenge. No clinically significant changes to myocardial function were found
over the course of the study. The training and race created expected functional
changes to left ventricular and atrial function; the former associated with
training, the latter likely due to dehydration, both resolving towards baseline
within three weeks post-event. From race-start to finish all rowers lost
8.4–15.6 kg of body mass. Absolute cardiorespiratory power and muscular strength
were lower three weeks post-race compared to pre-race, but cardiorespiratory
exercise economy improved in this same period. A structured program of
moderate-vigorous aerobic endurance and muscular training for>6 months,
followed by 50-days of transoceanic rowing in older males proved not to cause
any observable acute or potential long-term risks to cardiovascular health.
Pre-event screening, fitness testing, and appropriate training is recommended,
especially in older participants where age itself is an increasingly significant
risk factor.
Bone Mineral Density and Vitamin D Status in Patients with Autoimmune
Polyglandular Syndromes: A Single Tertiary Care Center
Experience
Authors: Akkurt Kocaeli Aysen , Erturk Erdınc 
Published: November 2023

AbstractImmunological abnormalities, the resulting endocrinopathies, and their treatments
may impact bone health and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) in patients with
autoimmune polyglandular syndromes (APS). Several etiologies contribute to
increased risk for low bone mineral density (BMD), including vitamin D
deficiency. This study evaluated the vitamin D level and BMD of patients with
APS. We performed a cross-sectional study on 44 patients with APS and 55 age and
gender-matched control subjects. Among patients with APS, 14 were classified as
APS-2 [Addison’s disease (AD)+autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD)
and/or type 1 diabetes(T1D)]. In contrast, the other 30 were APS-3
(ATD+T1D+other autoimmune diseases). Serum samples were analyzed
for vitamin D levels. The lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD were measured by
dual X-ray absorptiometry. Z-scores were obtained by comparison with age- and
gender-matched average values (both patients and controls). The accepted normal
levels were Z-score>–1 and
25-OHD>30 ng/ml. Patients with APS showed 25-OHD levels
and BMD significantly lower than healthy controls (p<0.001 and
p<0.05, respectively). The highest prevalence of abnormal BMD was
observed in the APS-2 subgroup (13 out of 14 patients, 92.6%).
Identifying and treating vitamin D deficiency and low BMD is critical in APS
patients. The fact that the significant endocrine component of APS-2 is AD, and
these patients receive chronic long-term glucocorticoid therapy can be shown as
the reason for this result. However, more extensive prospective controlled
studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Individualised Homoeopathic Medicine Resolved Multiple Recalcitrant Verruca Vulgaris: An Evidence-Based Case Report
Authors: Purkait Rajib , Banerjee Abhiram , Choubey Gurudev 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background Verruca vulgaris commonly known as warts are characterised by common, benign, localised epidermal lesions caused by human papilloma viruses. Various treatment options are available but many of them are invasive and destructive, which may cause damage to the epidermis or discomfort to the patient.
Objective The main objective of this case report is to produce pieces of evidence systematically, favouring homoeopathy.
Method This is a reported case of verruca vulgaris, presented with multiple rough, itchy, cauliflowers like warty growth on the dorsal aspect of both the feet. Outcome Related to Impact on Daily Living (ORIDL) scale was used as a patient-reported outcome measure for subjective assessment. Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire was used to assess the improvement in the quality of life. Photographs were taken as objective evidence. Lastly, possible causal attributions were evaluated by using Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy (MONARCH).
Result The case was improved on the ORIDL scale (score +4). Quality of life was improved (score 10 to 0) and documented through the DLQI questionnaire. Photographs were presented as objective evidence. The high total score (+9) of MONARCH established the possible causal attributions between the homoeopathic intervention and clinical improvement in the patient.
Conclusion In this case, individualised homoeopathic medicine, Thuja occidentalis, is proved to be effective in the resolution of all warts within a plausible time frame of medicine intake. Further documentation and studies are warranted in the future.