bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attribution of historical extreme heat events in different climate zones of China
Authors: Zhang Yuxia , Sun Ying 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
China has a vast territory with diverse climates, including the arid, semi-arid, semi-humid and humid regions. Previous studies on extreme heat event attribution mainly focus on individual events in a specific region, with less attention paid to comparisons between historical events in different climate zones. Here, we use the number, seasonal length and intensity of hot days with daily maximum temperature exceeding 35 °C, to investigate human influence on extreme heat events in early and recent periods. It is clear that all three heat indicators have shown obvious increase across China since the early 1960s, with a rapid rise in recent years and the hottest event occurring in 2022. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models generally capture the temporal evolution of these indicators, but some biases exist. We utilize an annual cycle-based method to correct the model biases in climate state and then use the adjusted model results to conduct event attribution in different historical periods. We find that human influence has greatly increased the probability of recent events across all regions, while having no impact on early historical events. For the hottest 2022 event, the risk ratios for seasonal length of hot days in a few regions could not be estimated due to zero probability in the natural world, indicating that such events would not happen without human influence. In different climate zones, the risk ratios for all indicators in arid northwestern China exceed those in other regions when using consistent observational thresholds, indicating a greater response of extreme heat to anthropogenic forcing in this area. For the same event, attribution results of different indicators yield varying risk ratios, highlighting the importance of considering multiple indicators in event attribution. Additionally, model performance notably affects attribution results; without bias correction, human influence may be incorrectly estimated.
Singletons in supersymmetric field theories and in supergravity
Authors: Samtleben Henning , Sezgin Ergin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We consider N = 1 supergravity coupled to a Wess–Zumino multiplet with a potential such that the resulting AdS energies saturate the unitarity and Breitenlohner–Freedman bounds, respectively. Imposing regular boundary conditions that preserve supersymmetry and support finite norms, the spectrum forms an

O
S
p
(
1
,
4
)

supermultiplet in which the singleton representation is absent. We study the case in which this boundary condition is relaxed such that the singleton and its superpartners survive and form an indecomposable representation of

O
S
p
(
1
,
4
)

. Focusing on the global limit of the model, we carry out its holographic renormalization, in which a singletonic action makes appearance in the boundary action.

Contribution to Stanley Deser memorial volume ‘Gravity, Strings and Beyond’
Extraoral halitosis in functional dyspepsia and its association with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
Authors: Yang Lei , Gong Jing Jue , Mo Xiao Ju , Qian Xiao Xian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and extraoral halitosis are often observed in functional dyspepsia (FD). We aimed to identify their associations for the first time. In this study, extraoral halitosis was diagnosed and assessed through the organoleptic score (OLS). Total symptom score (TSS) of FD, SIBO, gastric Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, and three exhaled volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) (hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl sulfide (DMS)), were evaluated. Finally, 63 non-halitosis patients and 45 halitosis patients with extraoral halitosis were identified. Compared to non-halitosis patients, halitosis patients exhibited significantly higher TSS (86 [56, 123] vs 43 [34, 57], P< 0.001) and SIBO positivity rate (66.67% vs 11.11%, P < 0.001), but similar H. pylori positivity rate. The adjusted odds ratios of TSS and SIBO were 1.06 and 5.02, respectively. The area under curve of the combination of TSS and SIBO for predicting extraoral halitosis was 0.89. Positive correlations were observed between TSS and OLS (r= 0.64), and between TSS and exhaled DMS level (r = 0.86), respectively. The other two VSCs were undetectable or of little value. We conclude that: (1) Extraoral halitosis is closely associated with FD and SIBO; (2) DMS is its primary contributing VSC; (3) FD patients with SIBO as opposed to gastric H. pylori infection are more prone to extraoral halitosis; (4) Clinicians should be aware of SIBO in the management of extraoral halitosis in FD.
Purified adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicles facilitate adipose organoid vascularization through coordinating adipogenesis and angiogenesis
Authors: Zhu Congxiao , Huang Zonglin , Zhou Hongru , Han Xuefeng , Li Lei , Yin Ningbei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
One of the major challenges in the way of better fabricating vascularized adipose organoids is the destructive effect of adipogenic differentiation on preformed vasculature, which probably stems from the discrepancy between the in vivo physiological microenvironment and the in vitro culture conditions. As an intrinsic component of adipose tissue (AT), adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicles (AT-EVs) have demonstrated both adipogenic and angiogenic ability in recent studies. However, whether AT-EVs could be employed to coordinate the angiogenesis and adipogenesis in the vascularization of adipose organoids remains largely unexplored. Herein, we present an efficient method for isolating higher-purity AT-EV preparations from lipoaspirates, and verify the superiority of AT-EV preparations’ angiogenic and adipogenic capabilities over those from unpurified lipoaspirates. Next, in the spheroid culture model, it was discovered that the addition of AT-EVs could effectively improve the aggregation through enhancing intercellular adhesion of monoculture spheroids composed of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), and helped produce vascularized adipose organoids with proper lipolysis and glucose uptake ability in the coculture spheroids comprised of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and HUVECs. Subsequently, it was observed that AT-EVs could exert a retaining effect on the vasculature of prevascularized coculture spheroids cultured in an adipogenic environment, compared to the reduced vascular networks where AT-EVs were absent. Altogether, these results indicate that AT-EVs, by means of releasing bioactive molecules that emulate the in vivo microenvironment, can modify non-replicative in vitro microenvironments, coordinate in vitro adipogenesis and angiogenesis, and facilitate the fabrication of vascularized adipose organoids.
Progress in optical frequency comb generation techniques towards flexible optical communication network
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Singh Surinder 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A flexible optical communication network is needed to realize a backbone transport network for 6G communication and further higher generation communication technologies. However, the practical implementation of the higher generation network experiences some serious challenges due to the existing multicarrier generation technology i.e. an array of multiple discrete laser sources (less spectrally efficient, complex, bulkier and costlier). Recently, a multicarrier generation technique using the optical frequency comb has been extensively researched. It can reduce the complexity, cost, and size compared to the existing multicarrier generator. Moreover, it increases the utilization of available spectral efficiency due to its capability to tune the operating frequency and carrier spacing. So, considering these advantages, we reviewed the multiple optical frequency comb generation techniques, categorized as mode-locked laser, microresonator and electro-optic modulator based frequency combs. We identify the salient features of different frequency comb generation techniques by keeping the requirements of a flexible optical network in mind. We also reviewed the drawbacks and possible solutions proposed to improve the characteristics of the optical frequency comb. Further, we reviewed the optical frequency comb expansion techniques to broaden the spectrum of the optical frequency comb, which is the requirement in optical frequency comb suitable for communication applications. At last, we summarize the progress in the practical implementation of the optical frequency comb as a multichannel source in a flexible optical network.
Experimental investigation of mechanical properties and morphology of ramie, bamboo, and ramie-bamboo hybrid composites with silicon carbide and alumina nano-fillers
Authors: Kumar P Krishna , Lokeshwar Gaddam , Kiran Reddy Chamakura Uday , Arunjyotis  , Shetty Nagaraja , S M Shahabaz , Nargis Tanzila 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The study explores the mechanical and morphological studies of ramie, bamboo, and hybrid ramie-bamboo composites with silicon carbide (SiC) and alumina (Al2O3) nano-fillers. The composites were fabricated using the hand-layup method followed by compression moulding. Mechanical characteristics such as tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness were investigated as per the ASTM standards. Surface characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to understand the surface characteristics and failure behavior of composites. Experimental results indicated that the maximum tensile strength (50.16 MPa), impact strength (6.30 kJ m−2), and hardness (79.4) were obtained for the ramie-bamboo hybrid composite, while the pure ramie composite exhibited the greatest flexural strength (101.4 MPa). SEM analysis revealed good fiber-matrix bonding within the hybrid composites. Ramie-bamboo hybrid composites with nano-fillers showed lower strength values due to the agglomeration of nano-fillers. The present findings provide insight into optimizing hybrid natural fiber composites for enhanced mechanical performance.
Implementation of numerical modeling algorithms to examine the filtration of multiphase flow through the gas hydrate stability zone in the Ross Sea.
Authors: Alekseeva Natalia , Popov Sergey , Poveshchenko Yury , Podryga Viktoriia , Kazakevich Grigory , Chuvilin Evgeny , Coffin Richard 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the Ross Sea region (Antarctica), evidence of warming, ice melt, and high levels of thermogenic gas hydrates indicate that deep-seated hydrocarbons significantly contribute to carbon cycles in the region. A fluid dynamics filtration model has been developed to describe the movement of liquid and gas in a porous medium containing gas hydrate inclusions, while considering phase transitions. The study investigates structural changes in the gas hydrate stability zone as methane moves from the hydrate-melt zone to the seabed. This is achieved through algorithms based on balances of gas and water masses, and total energy while considering Darcy's law. A numerical fluid dynamics model is employed to study the potential introduction of deep-seated carbon to the Ross Sea ice shelf region for the first time, considering a gas hydrate stability zone under local thermodynamic equilibrium. The calculation results support the phenomenon of free gas from deep sediments migrating to a shallow zone with gas hydrate stability conditions, partially converting into hydrate, while the remaining gas is capable of migrating higher into the water column. The process is accompanied by the formation of a three-phase (gas, hydrate, H2O) hydrate-equilibrium zone, replacing the initially two-phase (hydrate, H2O) gas hydrate stability zone. The modeling results explain the discrepancy between the radiocarbon dating of the core and the study of the history of the ice sheet in the region.
Extrusion bioprinting: Meeting the promise of the human tissue biofabrication?
Authors: Holland Ian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Extrusion is the most popular bioprinting platform. Predictions of human tissue and whole-organ printing have been made for the technology. However, after decades of development, extruded constructs lack the essential microscale resolution and heterogeneity observed in most human tissues. Extrusion bioprinting has had little clinical impact with the majority of research directed away from the tissues most needed by patients. The distance between promise and reality is a result of technology hype and inherent design flaws that limit the shape, scale and survival of extruded features. By more widely adopting resolution innovations and softening its ambitions the biofabrication field could define a future for extrusion bioprinting that more closely aligns with its capabilities.
Changes in land-leaching nitrogen and its linkages to lake algal blooms in China
Authors: Kong Mengxiang , Guan Qi , Feng Lian , Zheng Chunmiao , Tang Jing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Over the past 50 years, nutrient discharge into freshwater ecosystems has significantly increased due to intensive fertilizer application in China. This has led to frequent environmental issues associated with nutrient enrichment, such as algal blooms, in a number of individual lakes. However, the linkages between terrestrial nutrient sources and algal bloom occurrence (BO) at large scales remains under-explored. Here, we simulated the long-term changes in nitrogen (N) leaching from terrestrial ecosystems using a dynamic vegetation model Lund–Potsdam–Jena general ecosystem simulator at the national scale from 1979 to 2018, and examined its connection to satellite-derived BO in 56 large lakes across China. Our findings reveal that N leaching exhibited significantly increasing trends in 74.5% of the national landmass, with an overall rate of 0.40 kg N ha−1 yr−2 for the past four decades. Using a 95% quantile regression model, we analyzed the linkage between N leaching and BO from 2003 to 2018. The results indicated significantly positive correlations in the lakes of the Yangtze Plain during autumn and the lakes of northern China and the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau during both summer and autumn. These findings suggest that terrestrial N discharge critically contributes to algal bloom variations in warmer seasons. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of escalating N discharge from terrestrial ecosystems and highlights the potential benefits of fertilization management in mitigating and controlling inland water eutrophication in China.
Minimizing the Risks
Authors: Möschel Mathias 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter suggests some normative solutions to address the potential risks posed by ex-ministers if and when they become constitutional judges. The proposals are not intended to be one-size-fit-all, but rather are an à la carte menu from which to draw depending on the context. They range from the least invasive ones, such as requiring a legal education and/or some years of professional experience, via interventions in nomination/appointment procedures, such as introducing certain enhanced majorities or having mixed nomination systems, to more technical interventions concerning the introduction or procedural improvement and increased transparency of abstention and recusal rules, or the introduction of cooling-off periods, to the most extreme form: outright prohibition.
Concluding Thoughts—Looking Back To Move Forward
Authors: Möschel Mathias 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This final chapter summarizes some points of the book and then situates some of the analyses in their broader context by looking at constitutional or legislative reform proposals that have taken place in the four jurisdictions analysed in this book and that could impact some of the thoughts provided here as well as by referring to the changing political realities that are happening outside the analysed jurisdictions but that could have an impact on how to think about the practice of having ex-ministers as constitutional judges. In particular, this chapter suggests that in a climate and trend of illiberalism and constitutional backsliding, what may have been perceived so far as an acceptable practice may not look so innocuous in the future.
Effects of osteoporosis treatment and multicomponent integrated care on intrinsic capacity and happiness among rural community-dwelling older adults: the Healthy Longevity and Ageing in Place (HOPE) randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chang Ya-Hui , Hung Chih-Chien , Chiang Yen-Yi , Chen Chiu-Ying , Liao Ling-Chiao , Ma Matthew Huei-Ming , Hwang Juey-Jen , Hsu Chih-Cheng , Li Chung-Yi , Fu Shau-Huai , Wang Chen-Yu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Monitoring and improving intrinsic capacity (IC) and well-being are essential for older adults to maintain functional abilities. However, evidence of effective interventions to improve IC and happiness is scarce. This study examined the effects of multicomponent interventions in the Healthy Longevity and Ageing in Place (HOPE) randomised controlled trial on IC and happiness among rural community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
This cluster randomised trial was conducted in rural communities in Taiwan (NCT05104034). Participants aged ≥50 were enrolled from September 2021 to April 2022 and randomly assigned by community level to one of three groups: multicomponent integrated care (MIC), osteoporosis care (OC) and usual care (UC). MIC included osteoporosis, sarcopenia and polypharmacy care, along with exercise and nutritional support. OC was a resource-conservative, focusing on osteoporosis screening and treatment alone. IC and happiness were measured at baseline and 12 months after follow-up. IC was assessed across cognition, locomotion, vitality, sensory and psychological domains per World Health Organization Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) guidelines. Happiness was measured using the 10-item Chinese Happiness Inventory. Generalised estimating equations were used to estimate the effect of the intervention.

Results
567 residents were recruited from 30 congregate meal service centres. Mean IC score increased across all the groups, though the happiness score decreased. Compared to UC, the MIC group exhibited a significantly greater improvement in IC scores (adjusted estimate = 0.30, standard error (SE) = 0.11, P = .01), whereas OC did not show significant effects. Smaller reductions in happiness scores were observed in both the MIC (adjusted estimate = 1.46, SE = 0.48, P = .003) and OC groups (adjusted estimate = 0.95, SE = 0.48, P = .05).

Conclusion
MIC, including osteoporosis and pharmaceutical care, along with exercise and nutritional support, is an effective strategy to enhance IC and happiness compared to osteoporosis treatment alone and UC. This underscores the importance of comprehensive strategies for promoting healthy ageing in rural communities.
The relationship between alcohol consumption and outcomes after gastrointestinal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Angus Rebecca , Leow Tjun Wei , Humes David , Adiamah Alfred 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The study aimed to summarise the evidence of the association between preoperative alcohol consumption and postoperative complications in gastrointestinal surgeries. Comprehensive searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were undertaken to identify original studies investigating the association between preoperative alcohol consumption and postoperative complications occurring within 30 days of surgery. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality risk and secondary outcomes included postoperative complications such as surgical site infections and risk of anastomotic leak. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random effects model. In total, 3601 reports were identified and reviewed for eligibility, then data was extracted from 26 studies that met inclusion criteria. 13 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The total number of patients in the meta-analysis was 686 181 including 20 163 with a high alcohol intake. Clearly defined high preoperative alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications including 30-day mortality (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.07–2.28). The risk of anastomotic leak was significantly increased in those undergoing colorectal surgery with a high alcohol intake, OR 2.17 (95% CI: 1.74–2.72). An increase in risk was also found for surgical site infections in those undergoing gastrointestinal surgery with high alcohol intake. (OR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.15–1.53). Preoperative alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality, anastomotic leak and surgical site infections. Preoperative modulation of alcohol intake may influence post-operative complications after gastrointestinal surgery.
Comparison of the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Geriatric Anxiety Scale in an Older Adult Neurology Clinic Sample
Authors: Stypulkowski Katie , Rodrigues Jessica , Cieri Filippo , Pudumjee Shehroo B , Butler Pagnotti Rachel M , Wong Christina G 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a commonly used anxiety measure, but it was not specifically designed for use among older adults. Previous research has raised concern that it may inflate anxiety ratings among older adults because of its emphasis on physical symptoms. The Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS) is designed for older adults but has not been examined in a neurology clinic setting. This study sought to compare the psychometric properties of the BAI and the GAS in an older adult neurology clinic sample. An exploratory aim was to determine the influence of motor symptoms on anxiety scores.

Method
Participants included 68 adults age 60+ referred for a neuropsychological evaluation in an outpatient neurology clinic. Measures included the BAI, GAS, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Psychometric properties were determined. A McNemar test compared the proportion of anxiety classifications between the BAI and GAS. Referral source (cognitive disorder versus movement-oriented teams) was used as a proxy for grouping patients who were likely to have prominent motor symptoms versus those who were not. An independent t-test compared scale performance between these groups to examine the influence of motor symptoms on anxiety ratings.

Results
Both scales had good internal consistency (GAS α = 0.93; BAI α = 0.88). Convergent validity (GAS and BAI: r = 0.81, p &lt; .001) and discriminant validity (GAS and MoCA, r = 0.18, p = .20) were supported. The BAI detected anxiety among 40% of participants, while the GAS detected anxiety among 56%, which was a statistically significant difference (p = .002). Anxiety ratings did not differ based on referral source (t(66) = −1.59, p = .12).

Conclusion
Both scales had good psychometric properties, though the GAS detected a higher rate of anxiety compared to the BAI despite having less focus on motor symptoms that could be attributed to age-related physical changes or movement disorders. The GAS may capture aspects of anxiety not assessed by the BAI among older adults.