bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lessons learned from the 1st Ariel Machine Learning Challenge: Correcting transiting exoplanet light curves for stellar spots
Authors: Nikolaou Nikolaos , Waldmann Ingo P , Tsiaras Angelos , Morvan Mario , Edwards Billy , Yip Kai Hou , Thompson Alexandra , Tinetti Giovanna , Sarkar Subhajit , Dawson James M , Borisov Vadim , Kasneci Gjergji , Petković Matej , Stepišnik Tomaž , Al-Ubaidi Tarek , Bailey Rachel Louise , Granitzer Michael , Julka Sahib , Kern Roman , Ofner Patrick , Wagner Stefan , Heppe Lukas , Bunse Mirko , Morik Katharina , Simões Luís F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The last decade has witnessed a rapid growth of the field of exoplanet discovery and characterization. However, several big challenges remain, many of which could be addressed using machine learning methodology. For instance, the most prolific method for detecting exoplanets and inferring several of their characteristics, transit photometry, is very sensitive to the presence of stellar spots. The current practice in the literature is identifying the effects of spots visually and correcting them manually or discarding the affected data. This paper explores a first step towards fully automating the efficient and precise derivation of transit depths from transit light curves in the presence of stellar spots. The primary focus of the paper is to present in detail a diverse arsenal of methods for doing so. The methods and results we present were obtained in the context of the 1st Machine Learning Challenge organized for the European Space Agency’s upcoming Ariel mission. We first present the problem, the simulated Ariel-like data and outline the Challenge while identifying best practices for organizing similar challenges in the future. Finally, we present the solutions obtained by the top five winning teams, provide their code, and discuss their implications. Successful solutions either construct highly non-linear (w.r.t. the raw data) models with minimal pre-processing – deep neural networks and ensemble methods – or amount to obtaining meaningful statistics from the light curves, constructing linear models on which yields comparably good predictive performance.
The epidemiology of psoriatic arthritis in the UK: a health intelligence analysis of UK Primary Care Electronic Health Records 1991–2020
Authors: Druce Katie L , Yimer Belay Birlie , Humphreys Jennifer , Njuki Lucy N , Bourke Darryl , Li Michael , Ellis Benjamin , Zhang Yuanyuan , Bravo Ramiro , Hyrich Kimme L , Verstappen Suzanne M M , Dixon William G , McBeth John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Epidemiological estimates of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) underpin the provision of healthcare, research, and the work of government, charities and patient organizations. Methodological problems impacting prior estimates include small sample sizes, incomplete case ascertainment, and representativeness. We developed a statistical modelling strategy to provide contemporary prevalence and incidence estimates of PsA from 1991 to 2020 in the UK.

Methods
Data from Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) were used to identify cases of PsA between 1st January 1991 and 31st December 2020. To optimize ascertainment, we identified cases of Definite PsA (≥1 Read code for PsA) and Probable PsA (satisfied a bespoke algorithm). Standardized annual rates were calculated using Bayesian multilevel regression with post-stratification to account for systematic differences between CPRD data and the UK population, based on age, sex, socioeconomic status and region of residence.

Results
A total of 26 293 recorded PsA cases (all definitions) were identified within the study window (77.9% Definite PsA). Between 1991 and 2020 the standardized prevalence of PsA increased twelve-fold from 0.03–0.37. The standardized incidence of PsA per 100 000 person years increased from 8.97 in 1991–15.08 in 2020, an almost 2-fold increase. Over time, rates were similar between the sexes, and across socioeconomic status. Rates were strongly associated with age, and consistently highest in Northern Ireland.

Conclusion
The prevalence and incidence of PsA recorded in primary care has increased over the last three decades. The modelling strategy presented can be used to provide contemporary prevalence estimates for musculoskeletal disease using routinely collected primary care data.
The Oklo phenomenon, the discovery, first questions and first answers
Authors: Gauthier-Lafaye François , Gall Benoît , Bentridi Salah-Eddine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The discovery in Nature of 16 reactions zones where sustained fission chain reaction occurred 1.95 b.y ago raised numerous questions in many scientific fields. Fifty years later, some of them are still unanswered. This article recalls the history of this discovery and the scientific facts before discussing the present-day understanding of this complex phenomenon.
The influence of some rare earth elements as neutron absorbers on the inception of Oklo natural nuclear reactors
Authors: Bentridi Salah-Eddine , Gall Benoît , Nuttin Alexis , Hidaka Hiroshi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A totally reflected core model was built to estimate the infinite multiplication factor ${{k}}_{{\infty}}$ as a parametric function using MCNP code. Thus, it was possible to evaluate the influence of a specific physical parameter on the criticality occurrence of the Oklo phenomenon, namely initial Poisons (IP: Gd, Sm and Nd). In fact, these rare earth elements, prior to criticality occurrence in Oklo reaction zones (RZs), are considered as a key parameter in the present study. Thus, it was possible to construct isocritical lines, ${{k}}_{{\infty}}\left({{V}}_{{UO}{2}},{{\varPhi}}_{{C}}\ \right)\cong{1}$, over a significant range of Uraninite volume fraction: ${{V}}_{{UO}{2}}\left[\%\right]{\in}\left[{0};{40}\right]$. The corresponding critical porosity ${{\varPhi}}_{{C}}$ is obtained for a given value of ${{V}}_{{UO}{2}}$ by Python-driven MCNP5 calculations. By including realistic measurements of IP for different RZs, it was possible to distinguish the corresponding inception circumstances for the natural RZs considered here.
Estimation of radiation dose due to thoron and progeny inhalation in high background natural radiation area of Odisha, India
Authors: Ramola Rakesh C , Prasad Mukesh , Sahoo Sarata K , Tokonami Shinji 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Results of the preliminary measurements of indoor radon, thoron and progeny concentrations showed very high values of thoron concentrations in the eastern coastal region of Odisha, India. Therefore, measurements of thoron and its progeny concentrations were extended to a larger number of houses in this area for the assessment of the radiation dose received by the public. The measured values of thoron concentrations were used for the calculation of annual effective doses. The estimated values of the annual effective dose due to thoron exposure were observed in the range of 0.2–14.7 mSv. The estimated radiation doses responsible for thoron exposure were observed considerably high in the region. The results obtained are compared with those obtained in other studies performed so far in the study area and a review of different studies involving different measurement techniques is presented in the paper. The results of this study support the preliminary studies showing high values of thoron levels in the study area.
Site-specific dose conversion factors for radon progeny based on ambient aerosol characteristics in an outdoor environment and a tourist cave
Authors: Tamakuma Yuki , Kiso Mizuki , Sampei Aoi , Hashimoto Hiroki , Kranrod Chutima , Hosoda Masahiro , Ooka Sohei , Furukawa Masahide , Tokonami Shinji 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Site-specific Dose Conversion Factors (DCFs) for radon progeny were estimated based on the aerosol measurement results in an outdoor environment and a tourist cave. The Activity Median Diameter (AMD) and unattached fraction were measured and used to calculate the effective dose per unit intake of radon progeny. The AMDs in the outdoor environment was in the range of 0.24–0.71 μm with the unattached fraction of 0.17. In the tourist cave, two peaks were found in the aerosol size distribution at nucleation and accumulation modes and the unattached fraction was measured to be 0.69 with a range of 0.36–0.85. The DCFs at the outdoor environment did not differ from those from the publication of the International Commission on Radiological Protection; however, the DCF in the tourist cave was significantly higher due to the discrepancy in the unattached fraction and the aerosol size distribution. It was found that these two factors would significantly affect the DCF so that we should be aware of it.
Improvement of spectral analysis using a NaI(Tl) scintillation spectrometer to evaluate ambient gamma dose rates from primordial radionuclides
Authors: Omori Yasutaka , Sorimachi Atsuyuki , Hosoda Masahiro , Sahoo Sarata Kumar , Kavasi Norbert , Kurihara Osamu , Tokonami Shinji , Ishikawa Tetsuo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In-situ measurements by gamma-ray spectrometry using a NaI(Tl) scintillation spectrometer are performed to discriminate primordial and artificial radionuclides contributing to ambient gamma dose rates in the living environment to quantify prolonged influence of nuclear accidents. However, low energy resolution of the spectrometer causes poor discrimination in the measurements at high-dose-rate points, which leads to overestimation of ambient gamma dose rate from the primordial radionuclides. The present study clarified that photon fluxes originating from 40K and 214Bi were affected by the presence of 134Cs, whereas those from 208Tl were independent of it. In addition, the absorbed dose rates in air were strongly correlated with the 208Tl photon fluxes. These findings indicate that 208Tl photon fluxes can be used to evaluate absorbed dose rates in air from the primordial radionuclides. When estimated from the 208Tl photon fluxes only, the absorbed dose rates in air in Namie Town and Okuma Town, locations affected by the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, were 19–71 and 20–47 nGy h−1, respectively.
The Administrative Burden Framework: A New Horizon for Research and Practice in Social Work?
Authors: Tarshish Noam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Social work is widely recognized as a human rights profession. The commitment to protect and advocate for social and economic rights has been incorporated into official definitions and codes of ethics of the profession globally, undergirding social work models and services. However, despite the overwhelming recognition of the importance of social work advocacy, a unified framework for research and practice has not been agreed upon, and new challenges to welfare states have somewhat contested the existing, primarily European advocacy framework built on the literature on take-up of social and economic rights. The purpose of this integrative context review is to introduce the administrative burden (AB) literature as a potential framework for meeting social work advocacy challenges by emphasizing a subjective viewpoint, a multifaceted understanding of the bureaucratic encounter, and the secondary effects of burden. The article concludes by identifying directions for future research and practice concerning the nexus between AB and social work.
Self-Differentiation, Psychological Flexibility, and Difficulties in Practice in Social Workers and Social Work Students
Authors: Gur Ayelet , Egozi Sharon , Schweitzer Yoav 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Practicing social work involves unique difficulties, which may vary with seniority. This study aimed to identify these difficulties among social workers and social work students and to examine the associations between psychological flexibility (PF), self-differentiation (SF), and difficulties in practice in both groups. Ninety-one social work students and seventy-five social workers completed the following questionnaires: Difficulties in Practice, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II, and Differentiation of Self Inventory. Results showed higher difficulties among social work students regarding their professional competence. Social workers demonstrated higher levels of PF, while no significant difference was found in SF. SF and PF were positively correlated, and both were negatively correlated with difficulties in practice in both groups. Among social work students, a moderating effect of PF was found for the association between SF and difficulties in practice. The current study emphasizes the importance of developing SF and cultivating PF during social work education to enhance professional competence and reduce difficulties in practice.
Grape seed proanthocyanidin improves intestinal inflammation in canine through regulating gut microbiota and bile acid compositions
Authors: Zhang Mingrui , Mo Ruixia , Wang Haotian , Liu Tianyi , Zhang Gang , Wu Yi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlthough certain progress has been made in treating canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a large proportion of dogs have a poor prognosis and may develop resistance and side effects. Therefore, it is of great significance to prevent or alleviate canine IBD through nutritional intervention. Plant polyphenol can interact with intestinal bacteria and has important prospects in the intestinal health improvement. This study evaluated the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP), a plant‐derived natural polyphenol, on Labrador Retrievers with mild IBD. In Experiment 1 of this study, GSP alleviated persistent intestinal inflammation in canines by improving inflammatory indexes and reducing intestinal permeability. Moreover, GSP treatment increased the abundance of bacteria with potential anti‐inflammatory properties and engaging bile acid metabolism, including Ruminococcaceae, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus_torques_group, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. Notably, targeted metabolomic analysis identified elevated productions of fecal chenodeoxycholic acid and its microbial transformation product lithocholic acid, which might contribute to relieving canine intestinal inflammation. Further, in Experiment 2, fecal microbiota transplantation was used to determine whether gut microbiota is a potential mechanism for GSP efficacy. Dogs with mild IBD received the fecal microbiota from the group administered GSP and mirrored the improvement effects of GSP, which results verified that gut microbial alteration could be an underlying mechanism for GSP efficiency on canine IBD. Our findings highlight that the mechanism of the GSP function on canine IBD is mediated by altering gut microbial composition and improving bile acid metabolism. This study proposes a natural polyphenol‐based dietary strategy for improving canine intestinal health.
2023 Update on equity, diversity, and inclusion in Canadian cardiac surgery
Authors: Elfaki Lina A. , Groenewoud Rosalind , Nwakoby Akachukwu , Zubair Areeba , Verma Raj , Yanagawa Bobby 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of reviewDespite efforts to diversify the medical field, cardiac surgery remains amongst the least diverse specialties. Specifically, the percentage of women and racial minorities has remained low in past few decades. This may impact prospective trainee recruitment and surgical care. This paper highlights recent efforts that aim to promote diversity and inclusion of the Canadian cardiac surgical workforce.Recent findingsFormal programs have been established to support students at different stages of training. In 2022, the Canadian Society for Cardiac Surgery has released an equity, diversity, and inclusion statement to summarize the current state and the strategic goals to accomplish a more just working environment. At the local level, the University of Toronto Next Surgeon high school pilot program, provided low-income, women, and racial minority students mentorship and experiential exposure to our field. Also, the University of Toronto, scholarships funded summer research with cardiac surgeons for women, as well as Black and Indigenous medical students.SummaryTangible efforts that target high school, undergraduate, and medical students are underway to promote equity and diversity of cardiac surgeons in Canada. Future studies that evaluate the gaps and identify bottlenecks could better guide interventions at institutions across the country.
Perspectives Regarding Engagement in Physical Activity in Women
Authors: Vieira Sosa MaryBeth , Chin Elizabeth , Sethares Kristen A. 
Published: November 2023

Background
There has not been a significant improvement in cardiovascular disease (CVD) statistics among women; 44.4% of women older than 20 years have a diagnoses of CVD. Only 24.3% of adults meet physical activity (PA) guidelines, women have significantly lower levels of PA significantly lower levels than men. There is a call to action from the American Heart Association to delineate reasons for related genderized, socially determined factors.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to use the individual and family self-management theory to explore and describe interacting sociodemographic, family, cultural, health/access-related, and personal factors contributing to PA engagement in women living in areas of reduced socioeconomic resources.

Methods
This study used a community-engaged, qualitative descriptive focus group design to explore PA engagement in women between 18 and 64 years old living in an area of reduced socioeconomic resources and high racial and ethnic diversity.

Results
Context-related factors included cost/access, transportation, safety, and setting and interacted with family structure and functioning. Process-level factors affecting PA engagement included outcome expectancy, goal incongruence, lack of self-efficacy, self-regulation, and provider support/collaboration. Facilitators included family/friend social support.

Conclusions
The current community-engaged study reveals socially constructed gender role elements related to family dynamics, self-perception, and self-regulation that potentially impact engagement in self-management behavior. Programs to increase awareness and self-management of CVD in women exist, but there is a lack of direct effects, speaking to unknown factors. Given perpetually high rates of CVD, low levels of PA, and declining knowledge levels among women, further investigation is imperative.
PA Scholars: What Drives and Inhibits Success?
Authors: Garino Alexandria , Cawley James F. , Kayingo Gerald , Min Elana A. 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThe full expression of an educator includes scholarship, yet many physician assistant (PA) educators are not published. Several barriers unique to PA education are often cited to explain this phenomenon. However, some in the PA profession have become prolific writers despite working in the same environment. In this study, authors strove to understand what motivated these productive faculty by posing 2 research questions: (1) What are the drivers of success for high-performing PA scholars and (2) how do high performing PA scholars overcome barriers?MethodsA qualitative study using a constructivist, grounded theory approach explored the experiences and motivation of PA-credentialed educators who published >5 peer-reviewed articles and whose body of work achieved anh-index of >3.ResultsHigh-performing scholars valued scholarship as a creative outlet and a rewarding pursuit. Scholars achieved a sense of fulfillment in their work. Research and writing were described as protective against burnout. Participants viewed barriers differently than other educators. Barriers were acknowledged, but participants developed strategies to overcome obstacles. Mentorship was seen as crucial to success. A nuanced understanding of PA research and the characteristics associated with high-performing PA scholars emerged. The study identified developmental stages associated with the formation of a scholar.DiscussionProgression from prescholar to mature scholar has important implications for initiatives designed to increase scholarship and provides evidence to support the claim that scholarship positively affects job satisfaction, personal well-being, and talent retention.
Assessing sleep behaviors in Latino children and adolescents: what is known, what are we missing, and how do we move forward?
Authors: Blanco Estela , Hyde Eric T. , Martinez Suzanna M. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review
Sleep health is a commonly overlooked component of pediatric cardiometabolic risk. Disparities in sleep duration and meeting of pediatric sleep guidelines have been well documented among at-risk populations in the United States, including Latinos. However, sleep research often fails to describe or account for contextual and cultural factors impacting the ability for Latino families to meet guidelines. The current review focuses on recent findings related to measurement of sleep duration, understanding of contextual factors that impact sleep hygiene, and interventions designed to increase sleep duration and quality among U.S. Latino families with infants, young children, and adolescents.

Recent findings
Ten studies focusing on sleep health in U.S. Latino children, using different study designs were identified. Overall, cross-sectional studies confirmed inadequate sleep among Latino children, intervention studies demonstrated promise of culturally-sensitive health behavior education for improving sleep in early childhood, and qualitative studies highlighted neighborhood and cultural factors that impact sleep quality.

Implications for clinical practice and research
Rather than new prevalence studies on adherence to sleep recommendations among Latino families, research focusing on adapting clinical guidelines to accommodate the realities of many Latino families (e.g., co-sleeping and bedsharing) will advance our knowledge. A shift towards objective measurement of the 24-h period as well as evaluating specific contextual barriers that make It challenging to meet sleep guidelines for Latino children is needed.
Efficacy and safety of hydrochlorothiazide versus chlorthalidone in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Puri Piyush , Aslam Zaid Muhammad , Danial Muhammad , Sadique Rebecca Sehar , Ahmed Gulzar , Khan Shahzaib , Bhura Zainab Asif , Ansari Mozaena , Patel Dhruvilkumar , Ansari Omema , Shoaib Mudassir , Hoti Muhammad Roshan , Munshi Muhammad Salman , Yusufzai Aazar 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Although thiazide diuretics are widely used for treating hypertension (HTN) , the comparative efficacy and safety of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) versus chlorthalidone (CTD) for the management of patients with HTN is not well-established.

Materials and Methods:
A thorough literature search was conducted across two electronic databases (MEDLINE and Cochrane) from inception through May 2023 to identify randomized controlled trials and/or observational double-arm studies evaluating the effects of HCTZ versus CTD on cardiovascular and safety outcomes in patients with HTN. Evaluations were reported as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and analysis was performed using a random effects model. A P-value<0.05 was considered significant in all cases.

Results:
From the 409 articles retrieved from initial search, four potentially relevant studies were included in the final analysis. No significant differences were noted for all the cardiovascular outcomes namely MACE, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), and angina between the HCTZ and CTD arms. However, patients using CTD had significantly higher rates of hypokalemia and hyponatremia when compared with patients using HCTZ. There was no significant difference in the risk of acute kidney injury between the two arms.

Conclusion:
HCTZ and CTD demonstrated similar efficacy profile with respect to cardiovascular outcomes. However, HCTZ appeared to be safer due to lower risk of electrolyte imbalances like hypokalemia and hyponatremia associated with it when compared with CTD.