bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract C116: Oncogenic Kras signaling shapes the tumor microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Baliira Rachael , Opsahl Emily Lasse , Barravecchia Ivana , di Magliano Marina Pasca , Galban Stefanie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Despite advancements in targeted therapy and immunotherapy, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both men and women worldwide, with an estimated 2.2 million deaths each year. At 85%, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is by far the most common subtype, comprising adenocarcinomas and lung squamous cell carcinoma. Mutations in Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK) genes are common, with the worst overall survival in KRAS mutant adenocarcinoma patients. About 40% of lung tumors with KRAS mutations also harbor mutations in tumor protein p53 gene (TP53), a tumor suppressor gene. KrasG12C and KrasG12D are both prevalent mutations in lung cancer. Sotorasib, a KrasG12C inhibitor, was recently approved for treatment of NSCLC. However, only 37% of patients have an objective response to Sotorasib, with a median duration of just 11 months. The KrasG12D inhibitor MRTX1133 is entering clinical trials; elucidating the mechanism of action and potential resistance is imperative to design combination treatment approaches. While cell-intrinsic mechanisms of resistance in epithelial oncogenic KRASG12D (Kras*) are well studied, our group and others have shown that KRASG12D also extrinsically regulates the tumor microenvironment (TME) in pancreatic cancer. Whether and how this oncogene regulates the TME of lung cancer is less understood. To study the crosstalk between epithelial lung cells expressing oncogenic KRAS and the surrounding TME, we have established a triple transgenic murine model of Kras*-driven NSCLC, wherein both lung epithelial-specific expression of Kras* and expression of mutant TP53R172H (Tp53*) can be controlled in an inducible and reversible manner. Our preliminary data show that expression of Kras* drives tumor growth, while Kras* depletion results in regression, even in the presence of Tp53*. Here we interrogate how Kras* modulates the TME in lung adenocarcinomas. Harnessing scRNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and multiple biochemical approaches, we will provide insight into changes in stromal and immune contexture upon Kras* depletion in mice.
Citation Format: Rachael Baliira, Emily Lasse Opsahl, Ivana Barravecchia, Marina Pasca di Magliano, Stefanie Galban. Oncogenic Kras signaling shapes the tumor microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Pancreatic Cancer; 2023 Sep 27-30; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(2 Suppl):Abstract nr C116.
Abstract IA16: Feeding the flames of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Muzumdar Mandar D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic state of energy excess and a risk factor for over a dozen cancer types, including pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Due to the rising worldwide prevalence of obesity, decoding the mechanisms by which obesity promotes tumor initiation and early progression is a societal imperative and could broadly impact human health. The pancreas plays a central role in response to feeding, secreting digestive enzymes (from exocrine cells) and hormones (from endocrine cells) to aid in the absorption and cellular uptake of essential nutrients and to regulate glucose homeostasis. Therefore, the pancreas is uniquely positioned to be the great integrator of how diet and obesity fuel disease, including cancer. Leveraging a combination of genetic models, diverse high fat diet panels, and timed-feeding paradigms in mice, we have demonstrated that the quantity, quality, and possibly even the kinetics of feeding prime the pancreas for cancer. We have further uncovered mechanisms by which feeding stress reprograms pancreatic endocrine-exocrine signaling and lipid metabolism to drive tumorigenesis. Targeting obesity-driven hormone dysregulation and altered cellular metabolism through precision pharmacologic or nutritional interventions may aid in extinguishing the development of pancreatic cancer and potentially other obesity-associated cancers.
Citation Format: Mandar D. Muzumdar. Feeding the flames of pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Pancreatic Cancer; 2023 Sep 27-30; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA16.
Aime-t-on encore les enfants ?
Authors: Sauret Marie-Jean 
Published: January 2024

Le croisement du processus de subjectivation avec la logique ordonnant la forme contemporaine du lien social permet d’extraire les éléments requis par l’enfant pour se réaliser : s’émanciper de l’Autre parental pour que, comme sujet, il soit responsable de sa position et de ses actes, se dote d’une solution qui lui permette de se loger dans le lien social, mette sa vie en récit de façon congruente avec celui collectivement partagé. D’où le repérage de ce qui y contrevient aujourd’hui : l’arasement de la singularité au profit de l’individualité formatée par les idéologies néolibérales et le discours capitaliste. L’enfant a à souffrir des caractéristiques du lien social contemporain et cette urgence anthropologique exige une réponse clinique et politique.
Quantifying Induced Nystagmus Using a Smartphone Eye Tracking Application (EyePhone)
Authors: Bastani Pouya B. , Rieiro Hector , Badihian Shervin , Otero‐Millan Jorge , Farrell Nathan , Parker Max , Newman‐Toker David , Zhu Yuxin , Saber Tehrani Ali 
Published: January 2024

Background
There are ≈5 million annual dizziness visits to US emergency departments, of which vestibular strokes account for over 250 000. The head impulse, nystagmus, and test of skew eye examination can accurately distinguish vestibular strokes from peripheral dizziness. However, the eye‐movement signs are subtle, and lack of familiarity and difficulty with recognition of abnormal eye movements are significant barriers to widespread emergency department use. To break this barrier, we sought to assess the accuracy of EyePhone, our smartphone eye‐tracking application, for quantifying nystagmus.

Methods and Results
We prospectively enrolled healthy volunteers and recorded the velocity of induced nystagmus using a smartphone eye‐tracking application (EyePhone) and then compared the results with video oculography (VOG). Following a calibration protocol, the participants viewed optokinetic stimuli with incremental velocities (2–12 degrees/s) in 4 directions. We extracted slow phase velocities from EyePhone data in each direction and compared them with the corresponding slow phase velocities obtained by the VOG. Furthermore, we calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for nystagmus detection by EyePhone. We enrolled 10 volunteers (90% men) with an average age of 30.2±6 years. EyePhone‐recorded slow phase velocities highly correlated with the VOG recordings (r=0.98 for horizontal and r=0.94 for vertical). The calibration significantly increased the slope of linear regression for horizontal and vertical slow phase velocities. Evaluating the EyePhone's performance using VOG data with a 2 degrees/s threshold showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.87 for horizontal and vertical nystagmus detection.

Conclusions
We demonstrated that EyePhone could accurately detect and quantify optokinetic nystagmus, similar to the VOG goggles.
A Physical Activity and Diet Just‐in‐Time Adaptive Intervention to Reduce Blood Pressure: The myBPmyLife Study Rationale and Design
Authors: Golbus Jessica R. , Jeganathan V. Swetha E. , Stevens Rachel , Ekechukwu Weena , Farhan Zahera , Contreras Rocio , Rao Nikhila , Trumpower Brad , Basu Tanima , Luff Evan , Skolarus Lesli E. , Newman Mark W. , Nallamothu Brahmajee K. , Dorsch Michael P. 
Published: January 2024

Background
Smartphone applications and wearable devices are promising mobile health interventions for hypertension self‐management. However, most mobile health interventions fail to use contextual data, potentially diminishing their impact. The myBPmyLife Study is a just‐in‐time adaptive intervention designed to promote personalized self‐management for patients with hypertension.

Methods and Results
The study is a 6‐month prospective, randomized‐controlled, remotely administered trial. Participants were recruited from the University of Michigan Health in Ann Arbor, Michigan or the Hamilton Community Health Network, a federally qualified health center network in Flint, Michigan. Participants were randomized to a mobile application with a just‐in‐time adaptive intervention promoting physical activity and lower‐sodium food choices as well as weekly goal setting or usual care. The mobile study application encourages goal attainment through a central visualization displaying participants' progress toward their goals for physical activity and lower‐sodium food choices. Participants in both groups are followed for up for 6 months with a primary end point of change in systolic blood pressure. Exploratory analyses will examine the impact of notifications on step count and self‐reported lower‐sodium food choices. The study launched on December 9, 2021, with 484 participants enrolled as of March 31, 2023. Enrollment of participants was completed on July 3, 2023. After 6 months of follow‐up, it is expected that results will be available in the spring of 2024.

Conclusions
The myBPmyLife study is an innovative mobile health trial designed to evaluate the effects of a just‐in‐time adaptive intervention focused on improving physical activity and dietary sodium intake on blood pressure in diverse patients with hypertension.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT05154929.
User‐Centered Design to Develop Automated Short Message Service Messaging for Patient Support of Rheumatic Heart Disease Secondary Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Authors: Fall Ndate , Odong Francis , Thembo Jenipher , Pulle Jafesi , Hoekzema Jacob , Rwebembera Joselyn , de Loizaga Sarah , Nakagaayi Doreen , Minja Neema , Webel Allison , Watkins David , Beaton Andrea 
Published: January 2024

Background
The Active Community Case Management Platform is a cloud‐based technology developed to facilitate rheumatic heart disease case management by health care providers. This study aimed to design and pilot an automated short message service (SMS) intervention to support secondary prophylaxis adherence.

Methods and Results
We developed a concise library of messages to support secondary antibiotic prophylaxis. The SMS intervention used TextIT, an interface that enables users to send out interactive SMS messages at scale. The message bank was piloted in a cohort of 50 patients with rheumatic heart disease randomized into 2 groups. Group 1 received standard support (nurse‐led/Active Community Case Management Platform). Group 2 received standard support plus SMS intervention for 2 months in the Lira and Gulu districts of Northern Uganda. We collected qualitative data on participants' experiences and assessed treatment adherence. Using a sequential user‐centered process consisting of 4 phases (phases 1–4), we developed a message bank (n=43) deployed during our pilot study. There were no between‐group differences in treatment adherence or acceptance. Interviews of participants indicated that the intervention was viewed positively. A total of 75% of SMS recipients responded to the messages, and 25% called the study staff to acknowledge receipt of text messages.

Conclusions
This study has successfully developed a bank of SMS messages to support secondary antibiotic prophylaxis adherence. We have demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of SMS technology in rheumatic heart disease care management. Future work will include integrating automated SMS into the Active Community Case Management Platform and a larger study of integrated SMS to reduce health care worker burden for patient support and improve adherence to secondary antibiotic prophylaxis.
Comparing Cognitive Tests and Smartphone‐Based Assessment in 2 US Community‐Based Cohorts
Authors: De Anda‐Duran Ileana , Sunderaraman Preeti , Searls Edward , Moukaled Shirine , Jin Xuanyi , Popp Zachary , Karjadi Cody , Hwang Phillip H. , Ding Huitong , Devine Sherral , Shih Ludy C. , Low Spencer , Lin Honghuang , Kolachalama Vijaya B. , Bazzano Lydia , Libon David J. , Au Rhoda 
Published: January 2024

Background
Smartphone‐based cognitive assessments have emerged as promising tools, bridging gaps in accessibility and reducing bias in Alzheimer disease and related dementia research. However, their congruence with traditional neuropsychological tests and usefulness in diverse cohorts remain underexplored.

Methods and Results

A total of 406 FHS (Framingham Heart Study) and 59 BHS (Bogalusa Heart Study) participants with traditional neuropsychological tests and digital assessments using the Defense Automated Neurocognitive Assessment (DANA) smartphone protocol were included. Regression models investigated associations between DANA task digital measures and a neuropsychological global cognitive
Z
score (Global Cognitive Score [GCS]), and neuropsychological domain‐specific
Z
scores. FHS participants’ mean age was 57 (SD, 9.75) years, and 44% (179) were men. BHS participants' mean age was 49 (4.4) years, and 28% (16) were men. Participants in both cohorts with the lowest neuropsychological performance (lowest quartile, GCS1) demonstrated lower DANA digital scores. In the FHS, GCS1 participants had slower average response times and decreased cognitive efficiency scores in all DANA tasks (
P
<0.05). In BHS, participants in GCS1 had slower average response times and decreased cognitive efficiency scores for DANA Code Substitution and Go/No‐Go tasks, although this was not statistically significant. In both cohorts, GCS was significantly associated with DANA tasks, such that higher GCS correlated with faster average response times (
P
<0.05) and increased cognitive efficiency (all
P
<0.05) in the DANA Code Substitution task.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that smartphone‐based cognitive assessments exhibit concurrent validity with a composite measure of traditional neuropsychological tests. This supports the potential of using smartphone‐based assessments in cognitive screening across diverse populations and the scalability of digital assessments to community‐dwelling individuals.
The Party System in Ethiopia
Authors: Aytaged Nigussie Afesha 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Political parties and their internal working policy and pattern of interactions have a profound impact on the operation of federations and the character of intergovernmental relations (IGR). By using the Ethiopian party system as a case study, this article aims to explore the impacts of party ideology, structure and style of functioning on the overall operation of a federation and the (de)institutionalisation of intergovernmental relations. It shows that the party structure, internal practices and ideological conviction of two parties—the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) and the Prosperity Party (PP)—have shaped and reshaped the functioning of the Ethiopian federation and the dynamics of vertical and horizontal relations. At the same time, constitutional and IGR principles have been sidelined. There is a need to entrench stable and formal IGR frameworks for negotiation, the exchange of information and co-operation between federal and sub-state institutions. Reducing excessive reliance on the party line is essential to optimise the regularity, continuity and effectiveness of the interactions.
Beyond the Battlefield: the Impact of United Nations and African-Led Peacekeeping on Enhancing Capabilities of African Armies
Authors: Tchie Andrew E. Yaw 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The character of conflicts across Africa has evolved, necessitating the United Nations Peacekeeping Operations (UN pko), African-led Peace Support Operations (pso) and African states to adapt their approach to dealing with emerging insecurities. As a response, African states have deployed their armies to UN pko, African-led pso s and other peace operations to not only support these missions’ objectives and receive training for their forces but also to develop security and military capacities to deal with emerging and existing threats. Drawing on the cases of Chad and Ghana, the paper explores the formation of the respective armies, their influence on their political systems and how the respective armies have been influenced by their participation in peacekeeping operations. The analysis finds that despite being under-equipped and working in challenging environments. Both forces influence and shape the mission’s tempo and style of operations by adapting to regional challenges, which is a consequence of the historical and strategic style of the respective militaries but are also capitalised on by the UN pko and African-led pso. Finally, the paper finds that dissimilar environments where the armies are deployed contribute to shaping and supporting both armies’ evolution, increasing their overall agency and legitimacy in peacekeeping.
Special Issue on the Evolving Nature of African-Led Peace Support Operations and African Armies
Authors: Tchie Andrew E. Yaw , de Coning Cedric 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This special issue delves into the evolving nature of African-led Peace Support Operations and their development over the last two decades. The authors explore how states have improved their security and military capabilities to face emerging and existing threats. The papers in this issue illustrate how African-led operations have progressed and how they have been designed to stabilise states, environments, and regions. These operations have been complemented by Regional Economic Communities/ Regional Mechanisms (recs/rms) and Ad-hoc Security Initiatives, which have all deployed intervention missions to tackle various challenges. The papers also note that the increasing presence of African troops in UN missions with stabilisation mandates has allowed the au, recs/rms, and state military to learn through training, national rules of engagement, and civil-military relations and to contribute diverse first-hand experience in African-led Peace Support Operations and UN peacekeeping efforts. Finally, the special issue explores whether some sub-Saharan African states have employed restructuring policies by deploying forces to African-led psos and UN peacekeeping operations and whether this strategy has impacted the effectiveness of their forces.
Review of the bicolora Fang and binghami Hampson species-groups of the genus Ovipennis Hampson with descriptions of five new species from Southwestern China and Indochina (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Lithosiini)
Authors: HUANG SI-YAO , VOLYNKIN ANTON V. , ČERNÝ KAREL , LI ZHI-HONG , SALDAITIS AIDAS 
Published: January 2024

The Ovipennis bicolora Fang, 1986 and Ovipennis binghami Hampson, 1903 species-groups are reviewed. The identities of the records of O. binghami reported outside of its type locality are clarified. Ovipennis bicolora is rediscovered with the male and female genitalia illustrated for the first time. The male and female genitalia of O. thomasi Černý, 2009 are illustrated for the first time and its specific status is confirmed. Five new species are described: O. hanae S.-Y. Huang, Volynkin & Černý, sp. n. (Southwestern China), O. regina Volynkin, Černý, S.-Y. Huang & Saldaitis, sp. n. (Northern Thailand and Southwestern China), O. takia Volynkin, S.-Y. Huang & Černý, sp. n. (Western and Central Thailand), O. kitchingi Volynkin, S.-Y. Huang & Černý, sp. n. (Northern Thailand), and O. sapa Volynkin, S.-Y. Huang, Černý & Saldaitis, sp. n. (Northern Vietnam). Adults and genitalia of the new species are illustrated and compared with its congeners.
Predictors of Length of Hospital Stay After Reduction of Internal Hernia in Patients With a History of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Sohail Amir H. , Hurwitz Joshua C. , Silverstein Jeffrey , Hakmi Hazim , Sajan Abin , Ye Ivan B. , Pacheco Tulio Brasileiro Silva , Zielinski Gregory R. , Gangwani Manesh Kumar , Petrone Patrizio , Levine Jun , Kella Venkata , Brathwaite Collin E. M. , Goparaju Anirudha 
Published: January 2024

Background Postoperative internal hernias after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) have an incidence of 2%-9% and are a surgical emergency. Evidence on factors associated with length of stay (LOS) after emergent internal hernia reduction in RYGB patients is limited. Methods This is a retrospective review of patients who underwent internal hernia reduction after RYGB at our tertiary care center over a 5 year period from 2015 to 2020. Demographics, comorbidities, and intra- and postoperative hospital course were collected. Univariate and multivariate linear regressions were used to investigate factors associated with LOS. Results We identified 38 patients with internal hernia after RYGB. These patients with mean age 44.1 years were majority female (71.1%) and white race (60.5%). Of the 24 patients where the RYGB was done at our institution, the mean RYGB to IH interval was 43 months. Petersen’s defect (57.8%) followed by jejuno-jejunal mesenteric defect (31.6%) were the most common locations for IH. Both Petersen’s and jejuno-jejunal mesenteric hernias were found in 4 cases (10.5%). Revision of bypass and small bowel resection were required in 13.2% and 5.3% of cases, respectively. The median (interquartile range) length of stay (LOS) was 2 days. On the multivariate analysis, male sex ( P = .019), conversion to exploratory laparotomy ( P = .005), and resection of small bowel ( P < .001) were independent risk factors for increased LOS. Conclusion The most common location of IH after RYGB is Petersen’s defect, followed by jejuno-jejunal mesenteric defect. LOS was significantly associated with male sex, exploratory laparotomy, and resection of small bowel.
Association Between Subjective Cognitive Decline and Twice-Weekly Muscle-Strengthening Activities in Middle-Aged and Older US Adults: An Analysis of the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Authors: Schroeder Matthew W. , Waring Molly E. , Fowler Nicole R. , Mace Ryan A. , Pagoto Sherry L. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose Adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), the self-reported concern of reduced cognitive function, are recommended to do physical activity for its brain health benefits. US adults aged ≥45 with SCD are less likely to meet the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) aerobic activity recommendations. Their engagement in muscle-strengthening activities is unknown. We aimed to identify if US adults aged ≥45 with SCD are less likely to do twice-weekly muscle-strengthening activities compared to those without SCD. Design Secondary analysis of the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data. Sample 114 164 respondents, representing approximately 59 million US adults aged ≥45. Measures SCD was indicated if the respondent reported confusion or memory loss during the past 12 months (yes/no). Respondents reported the frequency of muscle-strengthening activities, which we categorized as meeting the ACSM’s recommendations (2+ times per week) or not (<2 times per week). Analysis Crude and adjusted logistic regression models controlling for variables associated with SCD and muscle-strengthening activities. The models used sample weights to represent US adults in the included 31 states and Washington D.C. Results US adults aged ≥45 with SCD were less likely to do twice-weekly muscle-strengthening activities than those without SCD (28.6% [SE: .8%] vs 33.5% [SE: .3%], adjusted OR, .9; 95% CI: .9-1.0). Conclusion Primary care providers should encourage middle-aged and older patients to engage in muscle-strengthening and aerobic activities.