bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daily Hassles of Married Women With Children: An Empirical Foundation For a Preventive Program
Authors: McClowry Sandee , Tommasini Nancy , Giangrande Sandra , Cottone Maripat Alger , Durand Marie , Ochs Ellen , Seery Virginia 
Published: October 2002

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to design an empirically based, preventative intervention program for married women with scbool-age children. DESIGN: A secondary analysis of an existing data set was first conducted. The daily hassles of 78 mostly Caucasian, middle-class, suburban, married women with children between 8 and 11 years old were explored. RESULTS: Hassles related to time pressures were most often reported. The results of the analysis were then used to plan a three phase clinical intervention: hassle identificatiom hassle management, and integration of adaptive skills. (J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc [2000]. 6, 107-111.)
Psychosocial Characteristics Discriminating Between Battered Women and Other Women Psychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Poirier Norma 
Published: October 2002

BACKGROUND: Research has shown that abused women often come to outpatient clinics and that their psychological symptoms are often confused with those of psychiatric patients. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this research was to examine the psychosocial differences between battered and nonbattered women admitted to a psychiatric unit in a French New Brunswick hospital. STUDY DESIGN: Data were collectedfrom 221 medical records of women admitted to a psychiatric unit over a 5-year period. The following data were collected. information on the general characteristics of the women and their husbands (age, marital status, and occupation), information on the presence or absence of physical violence, and the psychiatric diagnosis, symptoms, and treatment of the patients. RESULTS: Of the 221 medical records studied of women admitted into one psychiatric unit, 30 (13.7%) belonged to women who admitted having been battered. The battered women typically were in their thirties, were divorced or separated, had married against their parents' will and had theirfirst child before marriage. They most likely had grown up in a violent or broken home. Most battered inpatients had experienced sexual difficulties and had trouble with their in-laws. They were less likely to have disorganized thinking and their conditions were more likely to go undiagnosed than those of nonbattered women. They tended to express feelings of anger and guilt more freely than did nonbattered women. These actions are not characteristic of helpless women but of aggressive and independent women. CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire for taking the social history of psychiatric patients should seek information about domestic violence. Therapy should build on the independence and anger of battered women instead of trying to eliminate those coping mechanisms.
Power, Spirituality, and Time From a Feminist Perspective: Correlates of Sobriety in a Study of Sober Female Participants in Alcoholics Anonymous
Authors: Rush Mary McGrath 
Published: October 2002

BACKGROUND: The social support network and spiritual orientation of Alcoholics Anonymous were significant predictors of the choice of this study's sample of 125 sober alcoholic women to actively participate in Alcoholics Anonymous for at least 1 year. Religious affiliation is another choice that a woman may make in seeking to know herself in sobriety. OBJECTIVE: The first objective of these ancillary analyses was to determine whether either length of sobriety or number of weekly meetings attended was correlated to power as knowing participation in change, perceived social support, and spirituality. The second objective was to determine whether there was a difference in spirituality between women who actively participated in their religion and those who did not. DESIGN: This correlational study was designed to explore relations among power as knowing participation in change, social support, spirituality, length of sobriety, and number of weekly meetings attended. These research questions were answered by using hierarchical multiple regressions and a t test. RESULTS: The number of Alcoholics Anonymous meetings attended weekly contributed significantly to power and to spirituality. Length of sobriety was not correlated with any of the three major variables. Spirituality scores were also significantly higher for those who were actively involved in their religion than for those who were not. CONCLUSIONS: The significant difference among the findings in the conceptualization of time emphasizes the needfor a continuing connection with a group ofpeers. Also, the role of organized religion in spiritual orientation was demonstrated.
Outcomes and Satisfaction of Patients of Psychiatric Clinical Nurse Specialists
Authors: Baradell Janet G. , Bordeaux Barbara R. 
Published: October 2002

BACKGROUND: A pilot study (Baradell, 1995) employing a retrospective design demonstrated that out-patients (N = 100) of psychiatric clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) reported significant improvement in clinical symptoms and quality of life and reported a high level of satisfaction with care. OBJECTIVES: To follow up on these initial results, a prospective study was designed to examine the following questions: (a) Were there improvements in clinical symptoms and quality of life between initiation and termination of psychotherapy? (b) Were improvements in clinical symptoms and quality of life maintained 6 months after termination? (c) What level of patient satisfaction was reported 6 months after termination of psychotherapy? DESIGN: The sample included patients (N = 257) from the private practices of CNSs in North Carolina. Data were collected at initiation, at termination, and 6 months after termination. Instruments included the Profile of Mood States-Short Form (McNair, Lorr, & Droppleman, 1992), Quality of Life, and the Patient Satisfaction Survey. RESULTS: Patients reported significant improvement in clinical symptoms and quality of life at termination. Improvements were maintained 6 months after termination for clinical symptoms and quality of life, with the exception of the job domain. Patients reported a very high level of satisfaction with the care provided by CNSs. CONCLUSIONS: Mental health care provided by psychiatric CNSs can improve the quality of care and the level of patient satisfaction for consumers of mental health services. Data support the inclusion of psychiatric CNSs as providers in the rapidly changing health care system. The data from the pilot study and the current study lend further support to psychotherapy as an autonomous role for psychiatric CNSs.
Experience of Stigma by Families with Mentally Ill Members
Authors: Muhlbauer Susan 
Published: October 2002

BACKGROUND: More than 4 million American families live with severely mentally ill members. The cost is substantial. Consequences of stigma produce a component of that cost. OBJECTIVE: The study’s purposes were to examine the experience of stigma from a family member’s perspective, to analyze stigma types and consequences, and to search for management strategies. STUDY DESIGN: This qualitative study was based on a framework of symbolic interaction and dramaturgical interviewing. Twenty-six respondents, all with mentally ill relatives, participated in a 11/2- to 2-hour semi-structured interview. RESULTS: Stigma was experienced as part of a sequential process and occurred in private and public life domains including internalized, family centered, direct personalized, and indirect institutionalized types. Although a decrease in direct, public, personalized stigma was reported, institution stigma was viewed as highly problematic. Successful management and self-disclosure techniques were noted. CONCLUSION: Although types of stigma remain problematic, successful management strategies are possible.
Activation of proteinase‐activated receptor 1 stimulates epithelial chloride secretion through a unique MAP kinase‐and cyclo‐oxygenase‐dependent pathway
Authors: Buresi Michelle C. , Buret André , Hollenberg Morley D. , Macnaughton Wallace K. 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTProteinase‐activated receptor 1 (PAR‐1) is activated by thrombin and induces chloride secretion by intestinal epithelial cells. To elucidate further the mechanisms whereby PAR‐1 stimulates secretion, monolayers of SCBN intestinal epithelial cells were studied in modified Ussing chambers. Short circuit current responses were determined after basolateral application of thrombin and the PAR‐1‐activating pep‐tide, Ala‐parafluoro‐Phe‐Arg‐cyclohexyl‐Ala‐Citrulline‐Tyr (Cit‐NH2) in the presence or absence of a variety of signal transduction and cyclo‐oxygenase (COX) pathway inhibitors. Increased kinase activity was monitored by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis of target phosphoproteins. The PAR‐1‐induced chloride secretory response was significantly attenuated by inhibitors of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase, Srckinase, MEK1/2, as well as by inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase (cPL) A2, COX‐1 and COX‐2. PAR‐1induced activation of cPLA2, as shown by Western blot of phosphoserine residues, was blocked in cells treated with the MEK inhibitor U0126, indicating that the MEK‐ERK1/2 MAP kinase pathway mediated PAR‐1induced cPLA2 phosphorylation. Our data show that PAR‐1‐induced chloride secretion in SCBN cells involves Src, EGF receptor trans‐activation, activation of a MAPK pathway, phosphorylation of cPLA2, COX activity, but not PGF2a or PGE2. These findings may be of clinical importance in inflammatory diseases of the intestine where secretory dysfunction is evident and thrombin levels are elevated.—Buresi, M. C., Buret, A. G., Hollenberg, M. D., MacNaughton, W. K. Activation of proteinase‐activated receptor 1 stimulates epithelial chloride secretion through a unique MAP kinase‐and cyclo‐oxygenase‐dependent pathway. FASEB J. 16, 1515–1525 (2002)
Stem cell differentiation requires a paracrine pathway in the heart
Authors: Behfar Atta , Zingman Leonid V. , Hodgson Denice M. , Rauzier Jean‐Michel , Kane Garvan C. , Terzic Andre , Pucéat Michel 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTMembers of the transforming growth factor pβ (TGF‐β) superfamily‐namely, TGF‐β and BMP2—applied to undifferentiated murine embryonic stem cells up‐regulated mRNA of mesodermal (Brachyury) and cardiac specific transcription factors (Nkx2.5, MEF2C). Embryoid bodies generated from stem cells primed with these growth factors demonstrated an increased potential for cardiac differentiation with a significant increase in beating areas and enhanced myofibrillogenesis. In an environment of postmitotic cardiomyocytes, stem cells engineered to express a fluorescent protein under the control of a cardiac promoter differentiated into fluorescent ventricular myocytes beating in synchrony with host cells, a process significantly enhanced by TGF‐β or BMP2. In vitro, disruption of the TGF‐β/BMP signaling pathways by latency‐associated peptide and/or noggin prevented differentiation of stem cells. In fact, only host cells that secrete a TGF‐β family member induced a cardiac phenotype in stem cells. In vivo, transplantation of stem cells into heart also resulted in cardiac differentiation provided that TGF‐β/BMP2 signaling was intact. In infarcted myocardium, grafted stem cells differentiated into functional cardiomyocytes integrated with surrounding tissue, improving contractile performance. Thus, embryonic stem cells are directed to differentiate into cardiomyocytes by signaling mediated through TGF‐β/BMP2, a cardiac paracrine pathway required for therapeutic benefit of stem cell transplantation in diseased heart.—Behfar, A., Zingman, L. V., Hodgson, D. M., Rauzier, J.‐M., Kane, G. C., Terzic, A., Pucéat, M. Stem cell differentiation requires a paracrine pathway in the heart. FASEB J. 16, 1558–1566 (2002)
Testosterone, cytochrome P450, and cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Thum Thomas , Borlak Jürgen 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTCytochrome P450 mono‐oxygenases (CYP) play an essential role in steroid metabolism, and there is speculation that sex hormones might influence cardiac mass and physiology. As CYP mono‐oxygenases activity is frequently altered during disease, we tested our hypothesis that CYP mono‐oxygenase expression and testosterone metabolism are altered in cardiac hypertrophy. We investigate major CYP mono‐oxygenase isoforms and other steroid‐metabolizing enzymes and the androgen receptor in normal, hypertrophic, and assist device‐supported human hearts and in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We show increased and idiosyncratic metabolism of testosterone in hypertrophic heart and link these changes to altered CYP mono‐oxygenase expression. We show significant induction of 5‐alpha steroid reductase and P450 aromatase gene expression and enhanced production of dihydrotestosterone, which can be inhibited by the 5‐alpha reductase inhibitor finasteride. We show increased gene expression of the androgen receptor and increased levels of lipid peroxidation in diseased hearts, the latter being markedly inhibited by CYP mono‐oxygenase inactivation. We show alpha‐MHC to be significantly repressed in cardiac hypertrophy and restored to normal on testosterone supplementation. We conclude that heart‐specific steroid metabolism is of critical importance in cardiac hypertrophy.—Thum, T., Borlak, J. Testosterone, cytochrome P450, and cardiac hypertrophy. FASEB J. 16, 1537–1549 (2002)
Family ties of gated pores: evolution of the sensor module
Authors: Kuma'novics Attila , Levin Gal , Blount Paul 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTThe six‐transmembrane channels are thought to be composed of two modules: pore and sensor. Whereas the modular design of the pore has been established, the modularity of the sensor remains hypothetical. As a first step toward establishing the modularity of this region, we searched for genes where the sensor is found independent of the pore and have identified new members of the sensor superfamily. Analysis of these sensors reveals a motif shared among not only these newly discovered members and voltage‐gated, transient receptor potential, and polycystin channel sensors, but also MscL, a bacterial mechanosensitive channel. Mutational analyses presented here and in previous studies demonstrate that highly conserved residues within this motif are required for normal channel activity; mutations of residues within this motif in different subfamilies lead to consistent channel phenotypes. Previous studies have demonstrated that peptides containing this motif and the adjacent conserved transmembrane domain elicit channel activities when reconstituted into lipid membranes. These data provide evidence for the modularity of the sensor, imply a model for its evolution, suggest a common origin for mechano‐and voltage‐sensing, and may offer a glimpse of the properties of the first sensor/channel.—Kumánovics, A., Levin, G., Blount, P. Family ties of gated pores: evolution of the sensor module. FASEB J. 16, 1623–1629 (2002)
Low doses of the endocrine disruptor Bisphenol‐A and the native hormone 17β‐estradiol rapidly activate the transcription factor CREB
Authors: Quesada Ivan , Fuentes Esther , Viso‐León M. Carmen , Soria Bernat , Ripoll Cristina , Nadal Angel 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTEndocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are hormone‐like agents present in the environment that alter the endocrine system of wildlife and humans. Most EDCs have potencies far below those of the natural hormone 17β‐E2 when acting through the classic estrogen receptors (ERs). Here, we show that the environmental estrogen Bisphenol‐A and the native hormone 17β‐E2 activate the transcription factor, cAMP‐responsive element binding protein (CREB) with the same potency. Phosphorylated CREB (P‐CREB) was increased after only a 5‐minute application of either BPA or 17β‐E2 in a calcium‐dependent manner. The effect was reproduced by the membrane‐impermeable molecule E2 conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (E‐HRP). The increase in PCREB was not modified by the anti‐estrogen ICI 182,780. Therefore, low‐dose of BPA activates the transcription factor CREB via an alternative mechanism, involving a non‐classical membrane estrogen receptor. Because these effects are elicited at concentrations as low as 10–9 M, this observation is of environmental and public health relevance.
groELExpression ingyrBMutants ofBorrelia burgdorferi
Authors: Alverson Janet , Samuels D. Scott 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTGroEL protein andgroELmRNA transcript were up-regulated ingyrBmutants ofBorrelia burgdorferi, a causative agent of Lyme disease. Furthermore, the protein and transcript levels ingyrBmutants were greater than those in experimentally heat-shocked cultures of wild-typeB. burgdorferi. Circular DNA in thegyrBmutants was more relaxed than in wild-type cells, althoughgroELis on the linear chromosome ofB. burgdorferi. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence, albeit indirect, for the effect of DNA topology on gene expression from a linear DNA molecule in a bacterium.
Study of Second-Site Suppression in the
pheP
Gene for the Phenylalanine Transporter of
Escherichia coli
Authors: Pi Jing , Chow H. , Pittard A. J. 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACT
Site-directed mutagenesis was used to investigate a region of the PheP protein corresponding to the postulated consensus amphipathic region (CAR) in the GabP protein. Whereas some critical residues are conserved in both proteins, there are major differences between the two proteins which may reflect different functions for this region. Replacement of R317, Y313, or P341 by a number of other amino acids destroyed the PheP function. An R317E-E234R double mutant exhibited low levels of PheP transport activity, indicating that there is a possible interaction between these two residues in the wild-type protein. E234 is highly conserved in members of the superfamily of amino acid-polyamine-organocation transporters and also is critical for PheP function in the wild-type protein. Second-site suppressors were isolated for mutants with mutations in E234, Y313, R317, and P341. Most suppressor mutations were found to cluster towards the extracellular face of spans III, IX, and X. Some mutations, such as changes at M116, were able to suppress each of the primary changes at positions E234, Y313, R317, and P341 but were unable to restore function to a number of other primary mutants. The possible implications of these results for the tertiary structure of the protein are discussed.
Transcription Activation by FNR: Evidence for a Functional Activating Region 2
Authors: Blake Timo , Barnard Anne , Busby Stephen J. W. , Green Jeffrey 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACT

The FNR protein of
Escherichia
coli
controls the transcription of target genes in response to anoxia via the assembly-disassembly of oxygen-labile iron-sulfur clusters. Previous work identified patches of surface-exposed amino acids (designated activating regions 1 and 3 [AR1 and AR3, respectively]) of FNR which allow it to communicate with RNA polymerase (RNAP) and thereby activate transcription. Previously it was thought that FNR lacks a functional activating region 2 (AR2), although selecting for mutations that compensate for defective AR1 or a miscoordinated iron-sulfur cluster can reactivate AR2. Here we show that the substitution of two surface-exposed lysine residues (Lys49 and Lys50) of FNR impaired transcription from class II (FNR box centered at −41.5) but not class I (FNR box centered at −71.5) FNR-dependent promoters. The degree of impairment was greater when a negatively charged residue (Glu) replaced either Lys49 or Lys50 than when uncharged amino acid Ala was substituted. Oriented heterodimers were used to show that only the downstream subunit of the FNR dimer was affected by the Lys→Ala substitutions at a class II promoter. Site-directed mutagenesis of a negatively charged patch (
162
EEDE
165
) within the N-terminal domain of the RNAP α subunit that interacts with the positively charged AR2 of the cyclic AMP receptor protein suggested that Lys49 and Lys50 of FNR interact with this region of the α subunit of RNAP. Thus, it was suggested that Lys49 and Lys50 form part of a functional AR2 in FNR.
Control by A-Factor of a Metalloendopeptidase Gene Involved in Aerial Mycelium Formation in
Streptomyces
griseus
Authors: Kato Jun-ya , Suzuki Ayano , Yamazaki Haruka , Ohnishi Yasuo , Horinouchi Sueharu 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACT

In
Streptomyces
griseus
, A-factor (2-isocapryloyl-3
R
-hydroxymethyl-γ-butyrolactone) switches on aerial mycelium formation and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. An A-factor-dependent transcriptional activator, AdpA, activates multiple genes required for morphological development and secondary metabolism in a programmed manner. A region upstream of a zinc-containing metalloendopeptidase gene (
sgmA
) was found among the DNA fragments that had been isolated as AdpA-binding sites. The primary product of
sgmA
consisted of N-terminal pre, N-terminal pro, mature, and C-terminal pro regions.
sgmA
was transcribed in an AdpA-dependent manner, and its transcription was markedly enhanced at the timing of aerial mycelium formation. AdpA bound two sites in the region upstream of the
sgmA
promoter; one was at about nucleotide position −60 (A site) with respect to the transcriptional start point of
sgmA
, and the other was at about position −260 (B site), as determined by DNase I footprinting. Transcriptional analysis with mutated promoters showed that the A site was essential for the switching on of
sgmA
transcription and that the B site was necessary for the marked enhancement of transcription at the timing of aerial mycelium formation. Disruption of the chromosomal
sgmA
gene resulted in a delay in aerial hypha formation by half a day. SgmA is therefore suggested to be associated with the programmed morphological development of
Streptomyces
, in which this peptidase, perhaps together with other hydrolytic enzymes, plays a role in the degradation of proteins in substrate hyphae for reuse in aerial hypha formation.
Tightly Regulated Gene Expression System inSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium
Authors: McKinney Jeffrey , Guerrier-Takada Cecilia , Galán Jorge , Altman Sidney 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTA newSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium strain has been constructed to facilitate tightly regulated gene expression. Arabinose-inducible and glucose-repressible expression of a T7 RNA polymerase gene that has been integrated with an adjacentaraC-PBADcontrol element into the bacterial chromosome allows dynamic control of T7 promoter-driven RNA transcription.
A Green Nonsulfur Bacterium,Dehalococcoides ethenogenes, with the LexA Binding Sequence Found in Gram-Positive Organisms
Authors: Fernández de Henestrosa Antonio R. , Cuñé Jordi , Erill Ivan , Magnuson Jon K. , Barbé Jordi 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTDehalococcoides ethenogenesis a member of the physiologically diverse division of green nonsulfur bacteria. Using a TBLASTN search, theD. ethenogenes lexAgene has been identified, cloned, and expressed and its protein has been purified. Mobility shift assays revealed that theD. ethenogenesLexA protein specifically binds to both its own promoter and that of theuvrAgene, but not to therecApromoter. Our results demonstrate that theD. ethenogenesLexA binding site is GAACN4GTTC, which is identical to that found in gram-positive bacteria. In agreement with this fact, theBacillus subtilisDinR protein binds specifically to theD. ethenogenesLexA operator. This constitutes the first non-gram-positive bacterium exhibiting a LexA binding site identical to that ofB. subtilis.