bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eradication of pseudorabies virus from three large swine herds achieved by management intervention and use of a vaccine with a deletion for glycoprotein I
Authors: Lehman James R. , Weigel Ronald M. , Hall William F. , Taft Arnold C. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Three large farrow-to-finish swine herds in Illinois, quarantined because of injection with pseudorabies virus (prv), were enrolled in an intensified prv eradication program, with the goal being release from quarantine within 3 years. The intervention plan primarily relied on vaccination, using a vaccine with a deletion of the genes coding for glycoprotein I, in breeding and growing/finishing pigs and decreases of movement and mixing of growing/finishing pigs. The initial goal was to decrease viral spread in the growing/finishing pigs, thereby enabling production of seronegative replacement gilts. Off-site rearing of replacement gilts was implemented in 1 recently infected herd in which the seroprevalence in the growing/finishing group was high. Results of bimonthly serologic monitoring indicated that there was minimal spread of prv in the growing/finishing pigs after 1 year. Increases in the number of sows culled combined with an increase in the number of seronegative replacement gilts entering the breeding group resulted in a reduction of sow seroprevalence, so that phased test and removal of seropositive breeding stock could commence in all 3 herds at about 18 months after initiation of the program. Persistent use of the test-and-removal procedure and repeated testing for release from quarantine were required for the most recently infected herd. All herds were released from quarantine within 3 years, indicating that a prv eradication program based on vaccination and management changes designed to minimize the spread of prv can be used in conjunction with test-and-removal procedures to effectively eliminate prv from large farrow-to-finish swine herds.
Prognostic factors for treatment of malignant lymphoma in dogs
Authors: Teske Erik , van Heerde Peter , Rutteman Gerard R. , Kurzman Ilene D. , Moore Peter F. , MacEwen E. Gregory 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Pretreatment characteristics of 138 dogs with malignant lymphoma were analyzed to determine prognostic factors associated with outcome (ie, complete response rate, time to relapse after complete response, survival time). Dogs were all treated for 10 weeks, using a standard induction chemotherapy protocol, and were then given asparaginase weekly. Once the disease became progressive, second-line chemotherapy was instituted.
Age, sex, weight, clinical stage, performance grade, immunophenotype, and malignancy grade assigned according to the National Cancer Institute's Working Formulation were not associated with complete response rate. However, malignancy grade assigned according to the Kiel classification was found to be associated with complete response rate; dogs with high-grade malignancies had a significantly higher complete response rate than did dogs with low-grade malignancies.
By means of multivariate analysis, clinical stage and immunophenotype were found to be prognostic factors for time to relapse (among dogs that had had a complete response) and survival time. In addition, malignancy grade assigned according to the Kiel classification was found to be a prognostic factor for time to relapse; whereas, malignancy grade assigned according to the Working Formulation was determined to be a prognostic factor for survival time.
Evaluation of urinary cortisol:creatinine ratios for the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism associated with adrenal gland tumors in ferrets
Authors: Gould Willard J. , Reimers Thomas J. , Bell Judith A. , Lawrence Howard J. , Randolph John F. , Rowland Peter H. , Scarlett Janet M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Assays were validated for the measurement of urinary concentrations of cortisol and creatinine in domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). Urinary concentrations of cortisol and creatinine and the calculated urinary cortisol:creatinine ratio (UCCR) values were determined for 29 clinically normal female ferrets, 22 clinically normal male ferrets, and 12 ferrets with adrenal gland tumors. The UCCR values for the 51 clinically normal ferrets ranged from 0.04 × 10-6 to 1.66 × 10-6, with a median value of 0.22 × 10-6. The UCCR values were significantly (P ≤ 0.01) higher in the 12 ferrets with adrenal tumors, with a range of 0.5 × 10-6 to 60.13 × 10-6 and a median of 5.98 × 10-6. We concluded that determination of UCCR values was useful in the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism associated with adrenal neoplasia in domestic ferrets.
Vaginal septa in dogs: 15 cases (1983-1992)
Authors: Root Margaret V. , Johnston Shirley D. , Johnston Gary R. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 15 dogs with vaginal septa, examined between April 1983 and December 1992, were reviewed. Overall prevalence of vaginal septation at the hospital during the study period was 0.03%. Thirteen breeds were represented; mean age at the time of initial examination was 2.4 years. Owners’ original complaints included inability to breed naturally, dysuria, urinary incontinence, infertility, recurrent vaginitis, ambiguous external genitalia, and dystocia. One dog did not have clinical signs associated with the vaginal septum. In 11 of the 15 dogs, the septum could be palpated during digital vaginal examination. The septum could be seen in 6 of the 7 dogs in which vaginoscopy was performed. Twelve of the 15 dogs underwent positive-contrast vaginography; in all 12, the septum could be easily seen. Four of the 15 dogs underwent removal of the septum, with or without episiotomy, and 4 others were ovariohysterectomized. One dog was bred by means of artificial insemination and became pregnant. The remaining 6 dogs were lost to follow-up.
Effect of dexamethasone administration on serum thyroid hormone concentrations in clinically normal horses
Authors: Messer N. T. , Ganjam V. K. , Nachreiner R. F. , Krause G. F. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The effect that 5 consecutive days of treatment with dexamethasone (0.04 mg/kg of body weight, IM, q 24 h) would have on baseline concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), reverse T3 (rT3), free T3 (FT3), and free T4 (FT4), and on response to thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh) administration was determined in 12 clinically normal horses. Results of tsh response tests indicated that the horses could be placed into 2 groups: in 6 horses (group A), T4 concentration after administration of tsh was more than twice the baseline concentration; in the other 6 horses (group B), T4 concentration 6 hours after administration of tsh was less than twice the baseline concentration. Baseline serum concentrations of T3, T4, rT3, FT3, and FT4, were not significantly different between group-A and group-B horses. In both groups of horses, serum T3, T4, rT3, and FT4, concentrations were significantly increased 6 hours following tsh administration, compared with baseline concentrations. Treatment with dexamethasone resulted in significant (P < 0.05) increases in baseline concentrations of rT3 and FT3 in group-A horses and baseline concentrations of rT3 in group-B horses. The response to tsh administration following dexamethasone treatment appeared to be blunted with significant (P < 0.05) increases only in T3, T4, and FT4, concentrations in group-A horses and FT4, concentration in group-B horses. The magnitude of change in serum FT3 concentration in response to tsh administration was significantly less (P = 0.05) following dexamethasone treatment, compared with magnitude of change prior to dexamethasone treatment. Results suggested that tsh response testing may not be as valuable as once thought for diagnosing hypothyroidism in horses or for differentiating thyroidal from nonthyroidal illness.
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in dogs with chronic intestinal disease
Authors: Rutgers H. Carolien , Batt Roger M. , Elwood Clive M. , Lamport Anne 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (sibo) was diagnosed by quantitative bacterial culture of duodenal juice samples obtained endoscopically in 41 of 80 dogs that were admitted with chronic diarrhea, vomiting, or weight loss. Thirteen dogs had aerobic bacterial overgrowth, most frequently comprising Escherichia coli, staphylococci, and enterococci, and 28 dogs had mixed anaerobic overgrowth, most frequently including Clostridium and Bacteroides spp. Affected dogs comprised 23 breeds, including 10 German Shepherd Dogs, and median age at diagnosis was 2 years (range, 6 months to 11 years). High serum folate and low serum cobalamin concentrations had fair specificity (79 and 87%, respectively), but low sensitivity (51 and 24%, respectively) in detecting sibo. Histologic examination of duodenal biopsy specimens did not reveal abnormalities (26/41 dogs), or revealed mild to moderate lymphocytic (12/41) or eosinophilic (2/41) infiltrates, or lymphosarcoma (1/41). Oral antibiotic treatment was effective in 77% (23/30 dogs), but prolonged treatment (> 4 weeks) was required to control signs and prevent recurrence in 50% (15/30). Corticosteroids were used alone in a dog with eosinophilic enteritis and in combination with antibiotics in 4 dogs with marked gastrointestinal lymphocytic/plasmacytic infiltrates. This study suggested that sibo may be observed in dogs of many breeds, without an obvious primary cause, and that, although results of indirect tests may be suggestive of sibo, bacterial culture of duodenal juice samples remains necessary for definitive diagnosis.
Evaluation of risk factors for degenerative joint disease associated with hip dysplasia in dogs
Authors: Smith Gail K. , Popovitch Catherine A. , Gregor Thomas P. , Shofer Frances S. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Passive coxofemoral joint laxity of dogs, as quantitated by a distraction-stress radiographic method, may have important prognostic value in determining susceptibility to hip dysplasia. Data from 151 dogs, representing 13 breeds, were included in a logistic regression model to evaluate the contribution of factors such as age, breed, weight, sex, distraction index, and Norberg angle to the risk of developing degenerative joint disease (djd) of the coxofemoral joint. Of the factors studied, the amount of passive hip laxity, as quantitated by the distraction index, was the most significant (P < 0.0001) determinant of the risk to develop djd of the coxofemoral joint. In the longitudinal and crosssectional components of the study, distraction index was a significant (P < 0.001) risk factor for djd, irrespective of age at evaluation (4, 12, or 24 months). The strength of the hip laxity:djd correlation increased with the age of dog. In contrast, the Norberg angle, a measure of hip laxity on the standard hip-extended radiograph, was not found to be a significant risk factor for djd, either in the longitudinal or cross-sectional analyses. Breed-specific probability curves of djd susceptibility indicated that German Shepherd Dogs had a significantly (P < 0.05) greater risk of developing djd than did the pool of non-German Shepherd Dogs. The information derived from this statistical model will help to scientifically characterize the role of passive hip laxity as a component in the pathogenesis of djd of the coxofemoral joint.
Arthroscopic surgery for subchondral cystic lesions of the medial femoral condyle in horses: 41 cases (1988-1991)
Authors: Howard R. D. , Mcllwraith C. W. , Trotter G. W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Clinical signs, radiographic and arthroscopic findings, and outcome for 41 horses with subchondral cystic lesions of the medial femoral condyle treated by arthroscopic surgery were reviewed. There were 17 Quarter Horses, 15 Arabians, 8 Thoroughbreds, and 1 Holsteiner, with 28 (68%) of the horses being 1 to 3 years old. For all horses, the owners’ complaint was mild to moderate hind limb lameness or an altered gait. Bilateral radiographic abnormalities of the medial femoral condyle were detected in 27 horses. Nineteen of the 27 horses had lesions identified bilaterally at arthroscopic surgery. In addition to the subchondral cystic lesion, 13 joints in 11 horses had an osteochondritis dissecans lesion on the articular surface of the medial femoral condyle that extended from the opening of the subchondral cystic lesion. Surgical debridement performed via arthroscopy was the only treatment for 37 lesions of 23 horses. Debridement followed by drilling of the defect bed was performed in 23 lesions of 18 horses. Complete follow-up information was obtained for 39 horses; 22 (56%) had a successful result and 17 (44%) had an unsuccessful result.
In a separate analysis excluding horses with unsuccessful results because of factors not directly attributable to the subchondral cystic lesion of the medial femoral condyle, 23 of 31 (74%) horses had a successful result and 8 of 31 (26%) horses had an unsuccessful result. Within this group of horses, the prognosis for a successful result after arthroscopic surgery was not associated with age, sex, size of lesion, unilateral vs bilateral lesions, whether the lesion was drilled, the presence of osteochondritis associated with the subchondral cystic lesion, or whether the lesion enlarged after surgery. Compared with Thoroughbreds and Arabians, Quarter Horses had a poorer prognosis for success. Follow-up radiographs were available for 14 horses. In 9 of these 14 horses, the subchondral cystic lesion had enlarged after surgery. Postoperative cystic enlargement was associated significantly with drilling of the lesion bed at the time of surgery.
Treatment of olecranon bursitis in horses: 10 cases (1986-1993)
Authors: Honnas Clifford M. , Schumacher James , McClure Scott R. , Crabill Mark R. , Carter G. Kent , Schmitz David G. , Hoffman Anton G. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 10 horses with olecranon bursitis were reviewed to examine treatments, evaluate a technique for en bloc resection of the bursa in standing horses, and determine outcome of the horses after treatment. Before admission, 6 horses had been treated by needle aspiration of fluid from the mass, followed by injection of corticosteroids. Subsequent treatment for 2 of these 6 horses included open drainage and packing of the cavity with gauze soaked in 7% iodine solution. None resolved after these treatments.
After admission to the hospital, 5 horses were treated medically and 5 were treated by en bloc resection of the bursa. One horse that had received intralesional injection of a radionuclide was lost to follow-up evaluation. One horse treated conservatively by open drainage and packing and 1 treated by injection of a radionuclide had resolution of the olecranon bursitis. Only 1 of these 2 horses had a cosmetic result. The acquired bursae decreased in size in 2 horses (1 treated with a corticosteroid and 1 with orgotein), but were still visible 7 and 46 months after treatment, respectively.
The surgery site of 4 horses that were treated by en bloc resection healed by primary intention, and the owners of these horses were pleased with the cosmetic results. The suture line of 1 horse dehisced 5 days after surgery. Proliferative granulation tissue was removed on 2 occasions, and the site healed by second intention after 2 months. A small knot and some white hair remained at the surgery site.
Traumatic ocular proptoses in dogs and cats: 84 cases (1980-1993)
Authors: Gilger Brian C. , Hamilton Holly L. , Wilkie David A. , Woerdt van der Alexandra , McLaughlin Susan A. , Whitley R. David 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Eighteen eyes of 66 dogs were visual on reevaluation of traumatic proptosis. Twenty-one eyes were enucleated, and 4 dogs were euthanatized. In 18 cats, no eyes regained vision after traumatic proptosis: 12 cats had the affected eye enucleated, 2 had an eye that was considered blind, and 4 cats were euthanatized. Affected eyes of 45 dogs and 2 cats underwent surgical replacement and temporary tarsorrhaphy. Favorable prognostic indicators for eyes undergoing surgical replacement included proptosis in a brachycephalic dog, positive direct or consensual pupillary light response, normal findings on posterior segment examination, and a proptosed eye that had vision on initial examination. Unfavorable prognostic indicators included proptosis in a nonbrachycephalic dog, proptosis in cats, hyphema, no visible pupil, facial fractures, optic nerve damage, and avulsion of 3 or more extraocular muscles.
Lag screw fixation of noncomminuted sagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx in racehorses: 59 cases (1973-1991)
Authors: Holcombe Susan J. , Schneider Robert K. , Bramlage Lawrence R. , Gabel Albert A. , Bertone Alicia L. , Beard Warren L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 59 racehorses with noncomminuted midsagittal proximal phalanx fractures repaired by means of lag screw fixation between 1973 and 1991 were reviewed. Fractures were classified as short incomplete fractures (7), long incomplete fractures (32), complete fractures extending into the proximal interphalangeal joint (13), and complete fractures extending through the lateral cortex of the proximal phalanx (7). Time from fracture repair to first race following fracture repair, number of racing starts, and fastest race times before and after surgery were obtained from race records and compared among horses grouped by fracture type and between horses that returned to racing and those that did not race. Five horses with short incomplete fractures, 21 horses with long incomplete fractures, 6 horses with complete fractures extending into the proximal interphalangeal joint, and 5 horses with complete fractures extending to the lateral cortex returned to racing. A significantly lower percentage of horses returned to racing following repair of complete fractures extending into the proximal interphalangeal joint (46%), than following repair of short incomplete fractures (71%), long incomplete fractures (66%), or complete fractures extending to the lateral cortex (71%). Time from fracture to repair for horses that returned to racing (mean, 14.7 days; range, 1 to 60 days) was not significantly different from that for horses that did not race (mean, 5.8 days; range, 1 to 21 days). For all fracture groups, median number of races before injury was not significantly different from median number of races after repair, and median fastest race time before fracture was not significantly different from median fastest race time after fracture repair.
Comparison of methods for measuring serum immunoglobulin concentrations in neonatal llamas
Authors: Drew Mark L. , Fowler Murray E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Blood samples were collected from 25 neonatal llamas before suckling and at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours of age. Nine tests for determining serum immunoglobulin concentrations were performed on each sample, to compare within-test variation and correlations among tests. The single radial immunodiffusion assay was the only quantitative test and therefore, was judged the most accurate test for determining the status of passive transfer of immunoglobulins in neonatal llamas. Measurement of globulin concentration and total serum protein, and the sodium sulfite precipitation test were accurate when compared with radial immunodiffusion assay results. Measurements of total serum solids by use of a hand-held refractometer and of albumin concentration, and the zinc sulfate turbidity and 10% glutaraldehyde coagulation tests were not reliable for detecting failure of passive transfer in neonatal llamas. Ten of 25 neonatal llamas were suspected of having partial to complete failure of passive transfer on the basis of results of the single radial immunodiffusion assay. The other tests used in this study identified between 4 and 7 of these 10 llamas at 24 hours of age. On follow-up communication 4 to 6 months after the last blood sample collection, none of the 25 llamas were identified as having been clinically ill or had received any treatments for illness associated with low immunoglobulin concentrations.
Intraocular bacterial contamination during cataract surgery in dogs
Authors: Taylor Michelle M. , Kern Thomas J. , Riis Ronald C. , McDonough Patrick L. , Erb Hollis N. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Prevalence of intraoperative contamination of the eyelids, conjunctival sac, and aqueous humor of 50 canine eyes that underwent elective cataract surgery was determined, and the short-term outcomes for contaminated and noncontaminated eyes were compared by scoring media clarity, pupil size and shape, and behavioral evidence of vision during the initial 30-day postoperative period. Results of bacteriologic culture of anterior chamber samples were positive for 12 of the 50 (24%) eyes, but anterior chamber contamination was unrelated to results of bacteriologic culture of eyelids or conjunctival sac swab samples. Eyes undergoing phacoemulsification were less likely to be contaminated than were eyes undergoing intra- or extracapsular extraction. Eyes undergoing intra- or extracapsular extraction and eyes with anterior chamber contamination had a greater likelihood of developing glaucoma postoperatively. We did not detect an association between intraocular contamination and the surgeon performing the operation, the need for postoperative administration of tissue plasminogen activator, or the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus. Also, we did not detect any differences in outcome between eyes with and without intraocular contamination. Despite intraoperative bacterial contamination of the anterior chamber, bacterial endophthalmitis did not develop in any of the eyes.
Alar fold resection in horses: 24 cases (1979-1992)
Authors: Hawkins Jan F. , Tulleners Eric P. , Evans Loren H. , Orsini James A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Between 1979 and 1992, the alar folds were resected bilaterally in 22 horses and unilaterally in 2 horses. Abnormal respiratory tract noise and exercise intolerance were the primary complaints prior to surgery. Significantly (P = 0.01) more Standardbreds underwent resection of the alar folds, compared with the number of Standardbreds in the hospital population during the same period. The alar folds palpated abnormally thick in 13 horses and normal in 11 horses. Temporary dilatation of the nares with mattress sutures or clips lessened the respiratory tract noise and improved exercise tolerance in all 8 horses in which the diagnostic test was performed. Manual elevation of the alar folds reduced respiratory noise in the 11 horses evaluated.
Long-term follow-up evaluation by telephone was available for 14 horses. All surgical incisions had healed cosmetically. Respiratory tract noise was decreased, and exercise tolerance improved in 10 of 14 (71%) horses. Complete charted racing information was obtained for 16 horses. Fourteen horses started their first race a mean of 118 days (range, 13 to 321 days) after surgery. The mean number of starts after surgery was 51, with 14 of 16 (88%) horses starting more than 6 times after surgery. Of the 16 horses, 8 horses raced at least 3 times before and after surgery; 4 had improved racing performance, 2 had similar performance, and 2 had decreased performance. Five Standardbreds never raced, and 1 Standardbred raced once before surgery. All 6 Standardbreds were able to complete at least 6 starts after surgery (range, 6 to 140 race starts). Eight horses, subjectively, had narrow nasal passages as determined by physical and endoscopic examination. Of these, 4 did not race after surgery, 3 raced successfully to owners' satisfaction, and 1 raced but continued to experience respiratory impairment. Surgical resection of the alar folds was an effective and cosmetic surgical technique for relief of airway obstruction associated with the alar folds.