bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observations of high-order multiplicity in a high-mass stellar protocluster
Authors: Li Shanghuo , Sanhueza Patricio , Beuther Henrik , Chen Huei-Ru Vivien , Kuiper Rolf , Olguin Fernando A. , Pudritz Ralph E. , Stephens Ian W. , Zhang Qizhou , Nakamura Fumitaka , Lu Xing , Kuruwita Rajika L. , Sakai Takeshi , Henning Thomas , Taniguchi Kotomi , Li Fei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe dominant mechanism forming multiple stellar systems in the high-mass regime (M* ≳ 8 M⊙) remained unknown because direct imaging of multiple protostellar systems at early phases of high-mass star formation is very challenging. High-mass stars are expected to form in clustered environments containing binaries and higher-order multiplicity systems. So far only a few high-mass protobinary systems, and no definitive higher-order multiples, have been detected. Here we report the discovery of one quintuple, one quadruple, one triple and four binary protostellar systems simultaneously forming in a single high-mass protocluster, G333.23–0.06, using Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array high-resolution observations. We present a new example of a group of gravitationally bound binary and higher-order multiples during their early formation phases in a protocluster. This provides the clearest direct measurement of the initial configuration of primordial high-order multiple systems, with implications for the in situ multiplicity and its origin. We find that the binary and higher-order multiple systems, and their parent cores, show no obvious sign of disk-like kinematic structure. We conclude that the observed fragmentation into binary and higher-order multiple systems can be explained by core fragmentation, indicating its crucial role in establishing the multiplicity during high-mass star cluster formation.
Detection of apatite in ferroan anorthosite indicative of a volatile-rich early lunar crust
Authors: Hayden Tara S. , Barrett Thomas J. , Anand Mahesh , Whitehouse Martin J. , Jeon Heejin , Zhao Xuchao , Franchi Ian A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDetermination of the systematics of volatile elements (for example, H, Cl, S) of the early Moon is one of the main objectives of lunar science. This has been hindered by the lack of the main volatile-bearing mineral, apatite, in ferroan anorthosites (FANs), which are thought to represent the primary products of the lunar magma ocean and the earliest lunar crust. Due to the absence of apatite, plagioclase and bulk samples of the FAN suite have been previously utilized for the studies of volatiles in samples representing the earliest-formed lunar crust. Here we provide evidence of apatite in a FAN clast in the lunar meteorite Arabian Peninsula 007. We report that Arabian Peninsula 007 has an ancient age, comparable to those of Apollo FAN samples, with lighter hydrogen (δD = −45‰) and heavier chlorine (δ37Cl = +44‰) isotopic compositions than FAN bulk and plagioclase data. These results suggest that the early lunar crust was significantly more volatile rich than previously thought.
Surface stratification determines the interfacial water structure of simple electrolyte solutions
Authors: Litman Yair , Chiang Kuo-Yang , Seki Takakazu , Nagata Yuki , Bonn Mischa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe distribution of ions at the air/water interface plays a decisive role in many natural processes. Several studies have reported that larger ions tend to be surface-active, implying ions are located on top of the water surface, thereby inducing electric fields that determine the interfacial water structure. Here we challenge this view by combining surface-specific heterodyne-detected vibrational sum-frequency generation with neural network-assisted ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Our results show that ions in typical electrolyte solutions are, in fact, located in a subsurface region, leading to a stratification of such interfaces into two distinctive water layers. The outermost surface is ion-depleted, and the subsurface layer is ion-enriched. This surface stratification is a key element in explaining the ion-induced water reorganization at the outermost air/water interface.
Geographies of regulatory disparity underlying Australia’s energy transition
Authors: White Lee V. , Riley Bradley , Wilson Sally , Markham Francis , O’Neill Lily , Klerck Michael , Davis Vanessa Napaltjari 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDisparities in electricity retail regulatory protections will see some consumers approaching energy transition from an uneven footing. Here we examine the spatial organization of regulatory inequities in Australia by mapping electricity legal protections for settlements nationwide. Multiple logistic regression (n = 2,996) identifies the geographic and socio-demographic characteristics of settlements likely to be underserved by regulations to: protect life-support customers, guarantee service levels, clarify connection requirements for rooftop solar, require disconnection reporting and set clear and independent complaints processes. Assessing whether communities receive fewer than four of five protections, we find that Indigenous communities are 15% more likely to be underserved across multiple metrics and remote communities are 18% more likely to be underserved. These groups overlap. Those communities whose lands are rich in resources necessary for energy transition are simultaneously at risk of non-recognition of their own energy needs under current regulation, requiring policy remedies for a just transition.
A collaborative realist review of remote measurement technologies for depression in young people
Authors: Walsh Annabel E. L. , Naughton Georgia , Sharpe Thomas , Zajkowska Zuzanna , Malys Mantas , van Heerden Alastair , Mondelli Valeria 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDigital mental health is becoming increasingly common. This includes use of smartphones and wearables to collect data in real time during day-to-day life (remote measurement technologies, RMT). Such data could capture changes relevant to depression for use in objective screening, symptom management and relapse prevention. This approach may be particularly accessible to young people of today as the smartphone generation. However, there is limited research on how such a complex intervention would work in the real world. We conducted a collaborative realist review of RMT for depression in young people. Here we describe how, why, for whom and in what contexts RMT appear to work or not work for depression in young people and make recommendations for future research and practice. Ethical, data protection and methodological issues need to be resolved and standardized; without this, RMT may be currently best used for self-monitoring and feedback to the healthcare professional where possible, to increase emotional self-awareness, enhance the therapeutic relationship and monitor the effectiveness of other interventions.
Multi-ensemble metrology by programming local rotations with atom movements
Authors: Shaw Adam L. , Finkelstein Ran , Tsai Richard Bing-Shiun , Scholl Pascal , Yoon Tai Hyun , Choi Joonhee , Endres Manuel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCurrent optical atomic clocks do not utilize their resources optimally. In particular, an exponential gain in sensitivity could be achieved if multiple atomic ensembles were to be controlled or read out individually, even without entanglement. However, controlling optical transitions locally remains an outstanding challenge for neutral-atom-based clocks and quantum computing platforms. Here we show arbitrary, single-site addressing for an optical transition via sub-wavelength controlled moves of atoms trapped in tweezers. The scheme is highly robust as it relies only on the relative position changes of tweezers and requires no additional addressing beams. Using this technique, we implement single-shot, dual-quadrature readout of Ramsey interferometry using two atomic ensembles simultaneously, and show an enhancement of the usable interrogation time at a given phase-slip error probability. Finally, we program a sequence that performs local dynamical decoupling during Ramsey evolution to evolve three ensembles with variable phase sensitivities, a key ingredient of optimal clock interrogation. Our results demonstrate the potential of fully programmable quantum optical clocks even without entanglement and could be combined with metrologically useful entangled states in the future.
A new treatment for breast cancer using a combination of two drugs: AZD9496 and palbociclib
Authors: Nave Ophir , Shor Yehuda , Bar Raziel , Segal Eliezer Elimelech , Sigron Moriah 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, we examined a mathematical model of breast cancer (BC) treatment that combines an oral oestrogen receptor inhibitor, AZD9496 with Palbociclib, a selective inhibitor of cyclin- dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6. Treatment is described by analytical functions that enable us to control the dosage and time interval of the treatment, thus personalising the treatment for each patient. Initially, we investigated the effect of each treatment separately, and finally, we investigated the combination of both treatments. By applying numerical simulations, we confirmed that the combination of AZD9496 with palbociclib was the optimal treatment for BC. The dosage of AZD9496 increased and decreased throughout the treatment period, while the intervals were constant between treatments. Palbociclib changed almost cyclically, whereas the time intervals remained constant. To investigate the mathematical model, we applied the singularly perturbed homotopy analysis method, which is a numerical algorithm. The significant advantage of this method is that the mathematical model does not have to contain a small parameter (as is standard in perturbation theory). However, it is possible to artificially introduce a small parameter into the system of equations, making it possible to study the model using asymptotic methods.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis-specific Bayesian network integrating extracellular vesicle proteome and clinical information
Authors: Tomoto Mei , Mineharu Yohei , Sato Noriaki , Tamada Yoshinori , Nogami-Itoh Mari , Kuroda Masataka , Adachi Jun , Takeda Yoshito , Mizuguchi Kenji , Kumanogoh Atsushi , Natsume-Kitatani Yayoi , Okuno Yasushi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease characterized by severe lung fibrosis and a poor prognosis. Although the biomolecules related to IPF have been extensively studied, molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis and their association with serum biomarkers and clinical findings have not been fully elucidated. We constructed a Bayesian network using multimodal data consisting of a proteome dataset from serum extracellular vesicles, laboratory examinations, and clinical findings from 206 patients with IPF and 36 controls. Differential protein expression analysis was also performed by edgeR and incorporated into the constructed network. We have successfully visualized the relationship between biomolecules and clinical findings with this approach. The IPF-specific network included modules associated with TGF-β signaling (TGFB1 and LRC32), fibrosis-related (A2MG and PZP), myofibroblast and inflammation (LRP1 and ITIH4), complement-related (SAA1 and SAA2), as well as serum markers, and clinical symptoms (KL-6, SP-D and fine crackles). Notably, it identified SAA2 associated with lymphocyte counts and PSPB connected with the serum markers KL-6 and SP-D, along with fine crackles as clinical manifestations. These results contribute to the elucidation of the pathogenesis of IPF and potential therapeutic targets.
Development and psychometric evaluation of the questionnaire on the contributing factors of tendency towards voluntary single-childedness and childlessness: a mixed method study
Authors: Sharif-Nia Hamid , Ahmadzadeh Tori Neda , Behmanesh Fereshteh , Ghaffari Fatemeh , Pourreza Abolghasem 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCouples’ tendency towards voluntary single-childedness and childlessness (VSCC) has turned into a major challenge in all societies and led to different problems such as population aging. A key step to VSCC management is to determine its contributing factors through valid and reliable instruments. This exploratory sequential mixed method study (qualitative-quantitative) was conducted in 2020–2021. Phases of qualitative consists of all couples aged 15–49 in Babol, Iran, who were single or childless. Sampling is based on the purpose, and the number of samples is 20 couples. To collect data, face-to-face and semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants. Sampling continued until data saturation. The data were analyzed by the conventional content analysis method and quantitative phase. Initially, a qualitative study was conducted on twenty couples, and were analyzed through conventional content analysis. Findings were used to develop QFT-VSCC and then, the face, content, and construct validity as well as reliability were assessed. Construct validity was assessed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and reliability was assessed through internal consistency and stability assessments. The results of the qualitative part analysis consist of 140 codes, 30 primary categories, and nine main categories and two themes (individual limitations and social limitations). The primary QFT-VSCC had 78 items. Fifty-eight items were omitted during validity assessment and the remaining twenty-two items were loaded on five factors during factor analysis. These factors were threatened priorities, inappropriate familial context for childbearing, sense of occupational and social insecurity for the child, social modeling of childlessness, and tendency towards change or stability in marital life. The five factors explained 52.56% of the total variance. All model fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis were acceptable and the Cronbach’s alpha values of QFT-VSCC and all its factors were more than 0.70. The results of convergent validity analysis revealed that all factors had an AVE value greater than 0.5, and the HTMT index for all factors was less than 0.85. This indicated that discriminant validity had been achieved. QFT-VSCC is a simple valid and reliable instrument for VSCC assessment among both men and women.
Mechanical energy flow analysis in athletes with and without anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction during single-leg drop landing
Authors: Zanguie Hamidreza , Sheikhhoseini Rahman , Yousefi Mohammad , Hides Julie A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTechniques that reduce mechanical energy have been linked to lower chances of experiencing an Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury. Although there is evidence that movement patterns are altered in athletes who have undergone Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR), energy transfer mechanisms have not been examined. This study aimed to compare energy flow mechanisms during single-leg drop landing between athletes with and without history of ACLR. A total of 20 female athletes were included in this study. Ten participants underwent ACLR 12 months ago (mean age, 21.57 ± 0.41 years) and 10 were healthy controls (mean age, 20.89 ± 0.21 years). Participants executed the single-leg drop landing (SLL) maneuver by descending from a 30 cm wooden box and landing on the tested leg on an embedded force plate. Information collected during the SLL trials was refined using rigid-body analysis and inverse dynamics within Nexus software, ultimately allowing construction of skeletal models of the athletes. Ankle and knee mechanical energy expenditure (MEE) was higher in the control participants during landing. However, the result for the hip MEE demonstrated that MEE of the control group was significantly lower compared with the ACLR group, but MEE of the control subjects was higher as compared to ACLR group (p ˂ 0.05). Results suggest the avoidant use of the quadriceps muscle post ACLR leads to knee-avoidant mechanics and loss of knee joint power generation during a SLL task.
Benefits of thermal and distance-filtered imaging for wayfinding with prosthetic vision
Authors: Sadeghi Roksana , Kartha Arathy , Barry Michael P. , Gibson Paul , Caspi Avi , Roy Arup , Geruschat Duane R. , Dagnelie Gislin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractVisual prostheses such as the Argus II provide partial vision for individuals with limited or no light perception. However, their effectiveness in daily life situations is limited by scene complexity and variability. We investigated whether additional image processing techniques could improve mobility performance in everyday indoor environments. A mobile system connected to the Argus II provided thermal or distance-filtered video stimulation. Four participants used the thermal camera to locate a person and the distance filter to navigate a hallway with obstacles. The thermal camera allowed for finding a target person in 99% of trials, while unfiltered video led to confusion with other objects and a success rate of only 55% ($$p<0.01$$

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). Similarly, the distance filter enabled participants to detect and avoid 88% of obstacles by removing background clutter, whereas unfiltered video resulted in a detection rate of only 10% ($$p<0.01$$

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). For any given elapsed time, the success rate with filtered video was higher than with unfiltered video. After 90 s, participants’ success rate reached above 50% with filtered video and 24% and 3% with normal camera in the first and second tasks, respectively. Despite individual variations, all participants showed significant improvement when using the thermal and distance filters compared to unfiltered video. Adding a thermal and distance filter to a visual prosthesis system can enhance the performance of mobility activities by removing clutter in the background, showing people and warm objects with the thermal camera, or nearby obstacles with the distance filter.
Novel lncRNA regulatory elements in milk somatic cells of Holstein dairy cows associated with mastitis
Authors: Asselstine Victoria , Medrano Juan F. , Muniz Malane M. M. , Mallard Bonnie A. , Karrow Niel A. , Cánovas Angela 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite regulatory elements such as long non - coding RNAs representing most of the transcriptome, the functional understanding of long non - coding RNAs in relation to major health conditions including bovine mastitis is limited. This study examined the milk somatic cell transcriptome from udder quarters of 6 Holstein dairy cows to identify differentially expressed long non - coding RNAs using RNA - Sequencing. Ninety - four differentially expressed long non - coding RNAs are identified, 5 of which are previously annotated for gene name and length, 11 are annotated for gene name and 78 are novel, having no gene name or length previously annotated. Significant inflammatory response and regulation of immune response pathways (false discovery rate < 0.05) are associated with the differentially expressed long non - coding RNAs. QTL annotation analysis revealed 31 QTL previously annotated in the genomic regions of the 94 differentially expressed long non - coding RNAs, and the majority are associated with milk traits. This research provides a better understanding of long non - coding RNAs regulatory elements in milk somatic cells, which may enhance current breeding strategies for more adaptable or high mastitis resistant cattle.
Chern dartboard insulator: sub-Brillouin zone topology and skyrmion multipoles
Authors: Chen Yun-Chung , Lin Yu-Ping , Kao Ying-Jer 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTopology plays a crucial role in many physical systems, leading to interesting states at the surface. A paradigmatic example is the Chern number defined in the Brillouin zone that leads to robust gapless edge states. Here we introduce the reduced Chern number, defined in the subregions of Brillouin zone, and construct a family of Chern dartboard insulators with quantized reduced Chern numbers but with trivial bulk topology. Chern dartboard insulators are protected by the mirror symmetries and exhibit distinct pseudospin textures, including (anti)skyrmions, inside the sub-Brillouin zone. These Chern dartboard insulators host exotic gapless edge states, such as Möbius fermions and midgap corner states, and can be realized in the photonic crystals. Our work opens up new possibilities for exploring sub-Brillouin zone topology and nontrivial surface responses in topological systems.
Generalized acoustic impedance metasurface
Authors: Tian Yu-Ze , Wang Yan-Feng , Laude Vincent , Wang Yue-Sheng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImpedance theory has become a favorite method for metasurface design as it allows perfect control of wave properties. However, its functionality is strongly limited by the condition of strict continuity of normal power flow. In this paper, it is shown that acoustic impedance theory can be generalized under the integral equivalence principle without imposing the continuity of power flow. Equivalent non-local power flow transmission is instead realized through local design of metasurface unit cells that are characterized by a passive, asymmetric impedance matrix. Based on this strategy, a beam splitter loosely respecting local power flow is designed and demonstrated experimentally. It is concluded that arbitrary wave fields can be connected through arbitrarily shaped boundaries, i.e. transformed into one another. Generalized impedance metasurface theory is expected to extend the possible design of metasurfaces and the manipulation of acoustic waves.
Generation of 3D molecules in pockets via a language model
Authors: Feng Wei , Wang Lvwei , Lin Zaiyun , Zhu Yanhao , Wang Han , Dong Jianqiang , Bai Rong , Wang Huting , Zhou Jielong , Peng Wei , Huang Bo , Zhou Wenbiao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGenerative models for molecules based on sequential line notation (for example, the simplified molecular-input line-entry system) or graph representation have attracted an increasing interest in the field of structure-based drug design, but they struggle to capture important three-dimensional (3D) spatial interactions and often produce undesirable molecular structures. To address these challenges, we introduce Lingo3DMol, a pocket-based 3D molecule generation method that combines language models and geometric deep learning technology. A new molecular representation, the fragment-based simplified molecular-input line-entry system with local and global coordinates, was developed to assist the model in learning molecular topologies and atomic spatial positions. Additionally, we trained a separate non-covalent interaction predictor to provide essential binding pattern information for the generative model. Lingo3DMol can efficiently traverse drug-like chemical spaces, preventing the formation of unusual structures. The Directory of Useful Decoys-Enhanced dataset was used for evaluation. Lingo3DMol outperformed state-of-the-art methods in terms of drug likeness, synthetic accessibility, pocket binding mode and molecule generation speed.