bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Work Productivity among Employees in the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) Industry
Authors: L. Malicay Rosalyn , C Gano-an Jonathan 
Published: January 2024

Employee productivity is influenced by a variety of factors. Productivity is essential for increasing employees’ performance, which contributes to organizations’ success. This study examines how work environment, work load, and supervisor support influence workforce productivity. Although several previous studies have investigated the factors influencing productivity, this study concentrates on three particular areas: workload, supervisor support and work environment. The primary data was gathered from business process outsourcing (BPO) employees, and an adapted questionnaire was distributed. A total of 100 business process outsourcing employees in Davao City completed the survey. The findings showed that a safe working place, workload, and the support of supervisor influenced the productivity of BPO employees. A p-value of < 01 indicates an association between a safe work environment, workload, and supervisor support and employee productivity. These results conclude that work environment, workload and supervisor support are positively influential on employee productivity among the BPO employees who participated in this study.
Impact of paddy on groundwater declination in Central Punjab
Authors: Singla Chetan , Aggarwal Rajan , Kaur Samanpreet 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCentral Punjab includes over 40% of the state of Punjab. In Central Punjab, groundwater levels are dropping by more than 1 m every year. The primary cause of groundwater depletion in Central Punjab between 1998 and 2019 is presented in this paper. In order to detect any sudden changes in the area under paddy and the depth of groundwater, Pettitt's test was used. Based on change points and trends, the entire duration was split into two time periods: 1998–2008 (T1) and 2009–2019 (T2); rainfall, potential evapotranspiration, and paddy area were assessed in both periods with 1998–2019 (T3). The slope methodology developed by Mann–Kendall and Sen demonstrated the trend analysis. The findings showed that changes in climate were caused by humans during the 1998–2008 era, changes in meteorological variables were caused by humans during the 2008–2019 period, and changes in climate were caused by humans during the T3 period. The major growing trend of groundwater depth loss is thought to be caused by the combined effects of rainfall variations, an increase in the maximum temperature, cropping intensity, and the number of pumping units.
Total Glucosides of Paeony Induce Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis by Promoting the Degradation of α5-nAChR in Melanoma Cells
Authors: Meng Xianguang , Cheng Ling , Jiao Jing , Xing Yuanxin , Zhang Li 
Published: January 2024

background:
Malignant melanoma is the leading cause of skin cancer-related death with high malignancy and rapid progression. Total glucosides of paeony (TGP) is extracted from the roots of Paeonia Lactiflora Pall and widely used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and adjuvant therapy of tumor chemotherapy.

Methods:
In the present research, M14 and A375 cells were treated with TGP. CCK8, transwell
and western blotting were performed to analyze the effect of TGP on cell function.

objective:
N/A

Results:
TGP treatment impeded the proliferation and migration and activated the apoptosis
pathway in melanoma cells. Importantly, TGP induced the degradation of α5-nAChR. Overexpression
of α5-nAChR inhibited the anti-cancer effect of TGP. In addition, TGP treatment released
cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction
in melanoma cells. TGP also inhibited the phosphorylation of P38-MAPK, and P38-MAPK inhibitor
reduced the promoting effect of α5-nAChR in cell proliferation and migration.

Conclusion:
TGP inhibited cell viability and migration and induced mitochondrial dysfunction
and apoptosis by promoting the degradation of α5-nAChR in melanoma cells. This research provided
a potential therapeutic anti-cancer drug for treatment strategies of melanoma.
Regioselective Synthesis of Cycloalkane-fused Pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridines through Tandem Reaction of 5-aminopyrazoles, Cyclic Ketones and Electron-rich Olefins
Authors: Cuervo-Prado Paola , Orozco-López Fabián , Becerra-Rivas Christian , Leon-Vargas Diego , Lozano-Oviedo John , Cobo Justo 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Pyrazolopyridines are interesting fused heterocyclic pharmacophores that combine pyrazole and pyridine; two privileged nuclei extensively studied and with a wide range of applications. They can be obtained by a broad variety of synthetic methods among which multicomponent reactions have gained importance, especially from 5-aminopyrazoles and dielectrophilic reagents. However, the search for new approaches more in tune with sustainable chemistry and the use of unconventional heating in three-component synthesis are open and highly relevant study fields.

Methods:
A novel, practical and efficient three-component synthesis of cycloalkane-fused pyra-zolo[4,3-e]pyridines was developed through a tandem reaction of 5-aminopyrazoles, cyclic ke-tones and electron-rich olefins, using microwave induction in perfluorinated solvent and iodine as catalyst.

Results:
The microwave-induced three-component approach applied in this work promoted the construction of 10 new pyrazolopyridines with high speed and excellent control of regioselec-tivity, favoring the linear product with good yields; where the versatility of electron-rich olefins in iodine-catalyzed cascade heterocyclizations, granted the additional benefit of easy isolation and the possibility to reuse the fluorous phase.

Conclusions:
Although pyrazolopyridines have been synthetically explored because of their structural and biological properties, most of the reported synthetic methods use common or even toxic organic solvents and conventional heating or multi-step processes. In contrast, this study applied a multicomponent methodology in a single step by microwave induction and with the versatility provided in this case by the use of perfluorinated solvent, which allowed easy isolation of the final product and recovery of the fluorous phase.
Effects of Glucosamine in the Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis: A
Review
Authors: Sivakumar Sasidharan , Sivakumar Gowardhan , Sundramoorthy Ashok K. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Osteoarthritis in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a chronic disease characterized
by irreversible damage to articular surfaces, including inflammation, loss of articular cartilage,
and subchondral bone alterations, which would be radiographically evident only in later stages.
Symptomatic slow-acting so-called nutraceutical drugs have been proposed as a treatment for osteoarthritis
in comparison to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) because of their appreciable
safety profile even in long-term intake. Glucosamine, being one among them, proved
highly efficient in knee osteoarthritis. However, its application in TMJ osteoarthritis dates back only
to 2001 and is still inconclusive in its efficiency even with systematic reviews, in restoring the
structural and functional aspects of damaged TMJ. Glucosamine, being a natural compound and also
a contributor to building the matrix of articular cartilage, can be utilized effectively for TMJ osteoarthritis
as an adjunct along with other conventional treatment modalities available till now,
which also have moderate prognosis in most of the clinical scenarios. This review summarizes data
relating to the mechanism of osteoarthritis and its management using glucosamine formulations.
The beneficial effects of glucosamine on the pathophysiology of TMJ osteoarthritis are possibly
due to its contribution to hyaluronic acid regulation and in establishing a proper balance between
anabolism/catabolism in the articular tissues.
Advanced Strategies of CAR-T Cell Therapy in Solid Tumors and
Hematological Malignancies
Authors: Liu Yangjie , Peng Cao , Ahad Faiza , Ali Zaidi Syed Aqib , Muluh Tobias Achu , Fu Qiuxia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells, known as CAR-T cells, represent a promising
breakthrough in the realm of adoptive cell therapy. These T-cells are genetically engineered to
carry chimeric antigen receptors that specifically target tumors. They have achieved notable
success in the treatment of blood-related cancers, breathing new life into this field of medical
research. However, numerous obstacles limit chimeric antigen receptors T-cell therapy's efficacy,
such as it cannot survive in the body long. It is prone to fatigue and exhaustion, leading to
difficult tumor elimination and repeated recurrence, affecting solid tumors and hematological
malignancies. The challenges posed by solid tumors, especially in the context of the complex
solid-tumor microenvironment, require specific strategies. This review outlines recent advancements
in improving chimeric antigen receptors T-cell therapy by focusing on the chimeric
antigen receptors protein, modifying T-cells, and optimizing the interaction between T-cells and
other components within the tumor microenvironment. This article aims to provide an extensive
summary of the latest discoveries regarding CAR-T cell therapy, encompassing its application
across various types of human cancers. Moreover, it will delve into the obstacles that have
emerged in recent times, offering insights into the challenges faced by this innovative approach.
Finally, it highlights novel therapeutic options in treating hematological and solid malignancies
with chimeric antigen receptors T-cell therapies.
Intranasal Radioiodinated Ferulic Acid Polymeric Micelles as the First
Nuclear Medicine Imaging Probe for ETRA Brain Receptor
Authors: Fayez Hend , Selim Adli , Shamma Rehab , Rashed Hassan 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
The aim of this work was to prepare a selective nuclear medicine imaging
probe for the Endothelin 1 receptor A in the brain.

Material and Methods:
Ferulic acid (an ETRA antagonist) was radiolabeled using 131I by direct
electrophilic substitution method. The radiolabeled ferulic acid was formulated as polymeric
micelles to allow intranasal brain delivery. Biodistribution was studied in Swiss albino mice by
comparing brain uptake of 131I-ferulic acid after IN administration of 131I-ferulic acid polymeric
micelles, IN administration of 131I-ferulic acid solution and IV administration of 131I-ferulic acid
solution.

Results:
Successful radiolabeling was achieved with an RCY of 98 % using 200 μg of ferulic
acid and 60 μg of CAT as oxidizing agents at pH 6, room temperature and 30 min reaction time.
131I-ferulic acid polymeric micelles were successfully formulated with the particle size of 21.63
nm and polydispersity index of 0.168. Radioactivity uptake in the brain and brain/blood uptake
ratio for I.N 131I-ferulic acid polymeric micelles were greater than the two other routes at all
periods.

Conclusion:
Our results provide 131I-ferulic acid polymeric micelles as a hopeful nuclear medicine
tracer for ETRA brain receptor.
Assessing Depression, Anxiety, Perceived Stress, and Job Burnout
in Hospital Medical Staff During COVID-19: A Cross-sectional
Study in Hamedan, Iran, 2019
Authors: Yazdi-Ravandi Saeid , Matinnia Nasrin , Haddadi Arya , Tayebi Mojtaba , Mamani Mojgan , Ghaleiha Ali 
Published: January 2024

Background:
The medical staff who fought on the front line against the COVID-
19 pandemic were more affected by its physical and psychological dangers than others.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the level of depression, stress, anxiety, and job
burnout of the medical staff in the COVID-19 wards of Hamedan Hospitals.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, the study population consisted of all medical staff
working in educational and treatment centers affiliated with Hamedan University of Medical
Sciences in 2019, of which 173 were medical staff in COVID-19 wards, and 173 were
medical staff included by systematic random sampling from other wards. Data were collected
using a demographic information checklist, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety
Inventory, perceived stress scale, and Maslach Burnout Inventory. The data were analyzed
with chi-square coefficient tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with
SPSS-22 software.

Results:
About 26.9% of medical staff in COVID-19 wards had high job burnout, significantly
different from those in non-COVID-19 wards (p < 0.05). The incidence of depression
was 67.5% among the medical staff in COVID-19 wards, including twenty-nine people
(18.5%) with mild depression, forty-two (26.7%) with moderate depression, and thirtyfive
(22.3%) with severe depression. Thirty people (19.1%) had mild anxiety, forty-three
(27.4%) had moderate anxiety, and three (3.3%) had severe anxiety. In addition, the prevalence
of perceived stress was 94.3%. A statistically significant difference was observed
between depression, anxiety, perceived stress, and job burnout in the medical staff of
COVID-19 wards and other wards (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Stress, anxiety, depression, and job burnout among staff working in COVID-
19 wards differ significantly from other hospital wards employees. In similar circumstances
to this pandemic, paying extra attention to medical staff is essential due to their role and
the effect of their health on society’s health.
Tailoring Cu/Hydroxyapatite Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenolysis of Biomass Derived Levulinic Acid to γ-Valerolactone Biofuel Additive
Authors: Pothu Ramyakrishna , Radwan Ahmed Bahgat , Paramasivam Shanmugam , Saran Aditya , Louis Hitler , Boddula Rajender , Rokhum Samuel Lalthazuala , Naik Ramachandra , Al-Qahtani Noora 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Sustainable synthesis of γ-valerolactone (GVL) from levulinic
acid (LA) offers a sustainable approach to converting biomass-derived feedstocks
into valuable chemicals and fuel additves. Cu-Hydroxyapatite (Cu-HAp) catalysts
are potential candidates for vapor-phase hydrogenation of LA to GVL due to
their enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity through Cu nanoparticle support.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the catalytic performance of Cu-HAp catalysts
in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone. The primary goal was
to optimize reaction conditions and assess the enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity.

Methods:
The influence of copper loading, reaction temperature, and catalyst stability
was evaluated. Moreover, the effect of time on stream (TOS) on LA conversion and
GVL selectivity was examined by the best optimised Cu/HAp catalyst.

Results:
Cu-HAp catalysts exhibited favorable catalytic performance, with optimal
conditions at approximately 5 wt% copper loading. At this loading, maximum LA
conversion (60%) and GVL selectivity (90%) were achieved after 8 hours on the
stream at 265°C and 0.1 MPa conditions.

Conclusion:
The study demonstrates the efficacy of Cu-HAp catalysts for the hydrogenation
of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone. The findings indicate that as the copper
loading increases from 2 to 20 wt%, the conversion of LA and the selectivity to GVL
both decline. The analysis further implies that the dispersion of Cu species corresponds
directly to the activity observed during the LA hydrogenation. The conversion
of LA rises with a higher reaction temperature ranging from 250-320°C, although the
selectivity of GVL decreases above 265°C. The catalyst's stability is crucial for maintaining
efficient catalytic activity over time, with observed deactivation attributed to
Cu metal particle aggregation and coke formation on active sites. The findings contribute
to the development of robust catalyst systems for biomass-derived chemical
transformations.
Expression of mRNA-TLR-5 Gene in Patients with Endometriosis
using Real-time PCR in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Raghibi Maryam , Raghibi Maliheh , Morovvati Abbas , Shakib Pegah , Aflatoonian Reza , Dirbaiyan Ashkan 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Endometriosis is one of the common diseases of women,
especially in reproductive age, and it is one of the most important causes of infertility in
women. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of mRNA-TLR-5 expression in
women with endometriosis.

Methods:
The present study was performed in Nikan Hospital, Tehran, Iran, in 2021. The
samples of endometrial mucosa for the eutopic group and an ovarian endometriotic cyst for
the ectopic group were obtained from the patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery at
the Fetal Infertility Center and were diagnosed with endometriosis. Normal endometrial
samples were also obtained from patients who had no history of infertility and underwent
laparoscopic TL surgery for reasons other than endometriosis such as ovarian cysts
(control group). After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, TLR-5 gene expression was
evaluated by the Real-Time PCR method.

Results:
Based on the results of the comparison of TLR-5 gene expression in all three
ectopic, eutopic endometrium, and control groups by Real-Time PCR, it was found that the
TLR-5 gene expression is significantly higher in ectopic samples than in the other two
groups, but there is a significant difference between two utopic and control groups.

Conclusion:
The increase in TLR-5 expression in the ectopic group can probably be a
reason for reducing the apoptosis of cells entered into the peritoneal cavity and creating an
environment for the survival and proliferation of these cells.
Investigation of EpsA, OmpA, and Bap Genes among MDR and
XDR Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates in Khorramabad, Iran
Authors: Poladi Iman , Shakib Pegah , Halimi Shahnaz , Delfani Somayeh , Zadeh Farzad Ebrahim , Rezaei Faranak 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic hospital pathogen
with high antibiotic resistance, and the ability to produce biofilm. This study aimed to investigate
epsA, ompA, and bap genes involved in biofilm formation in MDR and XDR
clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in Khorramabad, Iran.

Methods:
In this study, 79 A. baumannii isolates were collected from various samples of
the patients admitted to tertiary hospitals in Khorramabad city, Iran, between January and
August 2019. After performing the semi-quantitative evaluation of biofilm production by
microtiter plate assay, screening of isolates carrying epsA, ompA, and bap genes was done
by PCR method. Finally, statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 22.

Results:
Among 79 A.baumannii isolates, 52% XDR, 40% MDR, and 16% non-XDRMDR
isolates were found to be biofilm producers. All XDR and 94% MDR isolates had
ompA and epsA genes, and bap genes were detected among > 80% of these isolates.
Moreover, the presence of biofilm-related genes and biofilm production among non-XDRMDR
isolates were less than among resistant isolates (p≤ 0.01).

Conclusion:
Based on the results, biofilm production and simultaneous presence of epsA,
ompA, and bap genes among MDR, and XDR A. baumannii isolates have been found to be
significantly more than non-XDR-MDR isolates.
Standar Keshahihan Hadis Menurut Syuhudi Ismail
Authors: Habib Irham 
Published: January 2024

This Article aims to discuss Syuhudi Ismail’s view of the standard of authentic hadith. The author uses the library research method. This method uses data collection with the technique of documenting books that discuss Syuhudi Ismail and his method of studying hadith. Furthermore, the results of the study are: Syuhudi Ismail presents two principles in criticizing the authenticity of hadith, namely the major rule and the minor rule. The major rules are the varios conditions of criteria for the validity of a hadith that are general in nature, while the minor rules are the elements of the rules which are derivatives and detailed explanations of the rules major.
ABSTRAK
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas pandangan Syuhudi Ismail terhadap standar keshahihan hadis. Penulis menggunakan metode kajian pustaka (library research). Metode ini menggunakan pengumpulan data dengan teknik mendokumentasikan buku-buku yang membahas tentang Syuhudi Ismail dan metodenya dalam menelaah hadis. Selanjutnya hasil dari kajian tersebut adalah: Syuhudi Ismail menyajikan dua kaidah dalam mengkiritik keshahihan hadis yaitu kaedah mayor dan kaedah minor. Kaedah mayor adalah berbagai syarat atau kreteria kesahihan suatu hadis yang bersifat umum, sedangkan kaedah minor yaitu unsur-unsur kaedah yang merupakan turunan dan penjelasan terperinci dari kaidah mayor.
Beragam Metode Memahami Hadis Nabi Saw
Authors: Zaini Muhammad 
Published: January 2024

The existence of hadiths has not only colored society in various aspects of life, particularly in the academic world, but has also become a continual and fascinating subject of study and research, including approaches and methodologies for understanding and applying hadiths. Nevertheless, comprehending the meaning of a hadith properly can sometimes be relatively challenging. Therefore, the understanding of hadiths has undergone a very long journey, from the time they were spoken and established by the Prophet Muhammad until the present day. The methods used to understand these hadiths have varied from one period to another. This can be understood as a dynamic in the development of human intellectual insight that never ceases over time. The evolution in the understanding of hadiths is also marked by the emergence of various approaches and methods in line with the changing conditions and situations.
ABSTRAK
Keberadaan hadis tidak hanya telah mewarnai masyarakat dalam berbagai kehidupan, terutama dalam dunia akademisi, akan tetapi juga telah menjadi bahasan dalam kajian dan penelitian yang menarik dan tiada hentinya, termasuk pendekatan dan metodologi pemahaman hadis beserta aplikasinya. Meskipun demikian, untuk memahami maksud suatu hadis secara baik terkadang relative tidak mudah. Oleh karena itu, pemahaman terhadap hadis telah mengalami perjalanan yang sangat panjang, sejak hadis itu diucapkan dan ditetapkan oleh Nabi saw sampai saat sekarang inki. Metode yang digunakan dalam memahami hadis tersebut saling berbeda antara satu periode dengan periode yang lain. Hal ini dapat dimaklumi sebagai suatu dinamika perkembangan wawasan intelektual manusia yang tidak pernah berhenti sepanjang masa. Perkembangan pemahaman terhadap hadis juga ditandai oleh munculnya berbagai pendekatan dan metode sesuai dengan kondisi dan situasi.
Methods of sales promotion in the organization’s management system
Authors: Novohatskyi A. I. 
Published: January 2024

The management system of a modern organization includes the development and application of methods to stimulate sales of its products to consumers. The sale of finished products is the final stage of the entire production process of the enterprise, which begins with the investment of financial resources in raw materials and ends with the provision of manufactured products to the final buyer.The relevance of issues related to the development and application of sales promotion methods in the organization’s management system in the modern market is increasing every day, since the level of consumer demand for finished products is an important point in the organization’s activities: the higher it is, the higher the efficiency of the enterprise and its profitability. The significance of the study of the sales management system in an organization is that in the conditions of a developing market and growing competition between sellers for sales markets, there is a need to debug marketing communications for each enterprise, therefore, the development and application of sales promotion methods, including a set of measures to stimulate personnel responsible for sales, the introduction of a corporate employee training system, constitute an integral part in the management system of organizations.