bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reasons for living and depressive symptomatology in young adults with and without suicide attempts: a moderated mediation approach
Authors: Brás Marta , Martins Cátia , Nunes Cristina , Jesus Saul Neves , Madeira Ana Rita , Carmo Cláudia 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionSuicide is a public health problem worldwide, being the fourth leading cause of death in young adult population (15-29 years). Therefore, it is important to identify its risk and protective factors, and how they interact to develop more effective interventions. The present study aims to analyze the relation between depressive symptoms, hopelessness (risk factors) with reasons for living (protective factors) and suicidal ideation in young adults with and without previous suicide attempts.MethodsA sample of 845 Portuguese young adults answered an online form which assessed suicidal ideation, hopelessness, depressive symptoms, and reasons for living. Mean comparisons, correlations, and moderated mediation analysis were computed.ResultsIndividuals with a history of suicide attempt showed higher mean levels in risk factors, compared to individuals without suicide attempt. When no history of suicide attempt was present, ideation was positively and significantly correlated to depression and hopelessness, and negatively correlated to the reasons for living. Higher levels of depressive symptomatology predict lower levels of reasons for living. Mediation and moderation relations were assessed in a model and the history of suicide attempts showed a relevant role.ConclusionsThe evidence found in this study reinforce that reasons for living may play a preponderant role in suicidal ideation, that is as a negative mediator and therefore it can act as a protective factor.
DepITCM: an audio-visual method for detecting depression
Authors: Zhang Lishan , Liu Zhenhua , Wan Yumei , Fan Yunli , Chen Diancai , Wang Qingxiang , Zhang Kaihong , Zheng Yunshao 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionDepression is a prevalent mental disorder, and early screening and treatment are crucial for detecting depression. However, there are still some limitations in the currently proposed deep models based on audio-video data, for example, it is difficult to effectively extract and select useful multimodal information and features from audio-video data, and very few studies have been able to focus on three dimensions of information: time, channel, and space at the same time in depression detection. In addition, there are challenges in utilizing other tasks to enhance prediction accuracy. The resolution of these issues is crucial for constructing models of depression detection.MethodsIn this paper, we propose a multi-task representation learning based on vision and audio for depression detection model (DepITCM).The model comprises three main modules: a data preprocessing module, the Inception-Temporal-Channel Principal Component Analysis Module(ITCM Encoder), and a multi-task learning module. To efficiently extract rich feature representations from audio and video data, the ITCM Encoder employs a staged feature extraction strategy, transitioning from global to local features. This approach enables the capture of global features while emphasizing the fusion of temporal, channel, and spatial information in finer detail. Furthermore, inspired by multi-task learning strategies, this paper enhances the primary task of depression classification by incorporating a secondary task (regression task) to improve overall performance.ResultsWe conducted experiments on the AVEC2017 and AVEC2019 datasets. The results show that, in the classification task, our method achieved an F1 score of 0.823 and a classification accuracy of 0.823 on the AVEC2017 dataset, and an F1 score of 0.816 and a classification accuracy of 0.810 on the AVEC2019 dataset. In the regression task, the RMSE was 6.10 (AVEC2017) and 4.89 (AVEC2019), respectively. These results demonstrate that our method outperforms most existing methods in both classification and regression tasks. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the model proposed in this paper can effectively improve the performance of depression detection when using multi-task learning.DiscussionAlthough depression detection through multimodality has shown good results in previous studies. However, multi-task learning can utilize the complementary information between different tasks. Therefore, our work combines multimodal and multi-task learning to improve the accuracy of depression detection. Previous studies have mostly focused on the extraction of global features while ignoring the importance of local features. Based on the problems of previous studies, we have made corresponding improvements to provide a more comprehensive and effective solution for depression detection.
The long-term impact of childhood sexual assault on depression and self-reported mental and physical health
Authors: Akinyemi Oluwasegun , Ogundare Temitope , Fasokun Mojisola , Ogunyankin Fadeke , Ugochukwu Nkemdirim , Ajisafe Walia , Ikugbayigbe Seun , Eze Oluebubechukwu , Hughes Kakra , Michael Miriam 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundChildhood trauma, including sexual assault (CSA), is a known risk factor for adverse mental health outcomes. This study quantifies the impact of CSA on the likelihood of being diagnosed with depression in adulthood, as well as its influence on poor mental and physical health days.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) (2016–2023), comprising 321,106 respondents. The primary exposure was self-reported CSA, while the main outcomes were depression diagnosis, poor mental health days, and poor physical health days. Covariates included race, gender, marital status, employment, age, education, state, year, language spoken at home, metropolitan status, and urban residence. We employed Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW) to estimate the Average Treatment Effect (ATE), controlling for confounders and incorporating state and year fixed effects. Sampling weights ensured national representativeness, and robust standard errors accounted for clustering by state.ResultsIn a matched cohort of 15,150 individuals with CSA and 15,150 controls, the CSA group had an average age of 50.3 ± 16.3 years, with most being White (69.3%) and female (76.7%). CSA was significantly associated with an increased risk of depression diagnosis, with a 22.1 percentage-point increase for those with one CSA experience (ATE = 0.221, 95% CI: 0.192–0.250, p &lt; 0.001) and a 24.4 percentage-point increase for those with multiple CSA experiences (ATE = 0.244, 95% CI: 0.222–0.266, p &lt; 0.001). CSA also impacted mental health. Those with a single CSA exposure reported 2.8 more days of poor mental health per month (ATE = 2.829, 95% CI: 2.096–3.398, p &lt; 0.001), while those with multiple exposures reported 4.2 more days (ATE = 4.175, 95% CI: 3.609–4.740, p &lt; 0.001) compared to controls. Regarding physical health, individuals with one CSA exposure reported 1.5 additional poor physical health days (ATE = 1.538, 95% CI: 0.788–2.289), while those with multiple exposures experienced 2.6 additional days (ATE = 2.587, 95% CI: 1.941–3.232).ConclusionThis study provides robust evidence that CSA significantly increases the likelihood of depression in adulthood and leads to more poor mental and physical health days. The findings underscore the cumulative impact of multiple CSA exposures on health outcomes and emphasize the need for trauma-informed healthcare, early intervention, and public health strategies to mitigate the long-term consequences of CSA.
Incidence and influencing factors of subsyndromal delirium in elderly patients with pancreatic surgery: a prospective study
Authors: Xu Hui-Qing , Wang Yun , Xia Ning-Ning , Pan Kuei-Ching 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo prospectively investigatethe incidence and influencing factors of Subsyndromal delirium (SSD) in elderly patients undergoing pancreatic surgery.MethodsAccording to a prospective observational study, elderly patients (aged ≥60 years) who underwent pancreatic surgery in the pancreatic center of our hospital from August 2023 to February 2024 were selected. Patients were divided into SSD and Normal groups based on the evaluation of the Delirium Rating Scale-revised-98 in the first 1-4 days postoperatively. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the influencing factors, and subject operating characteristic curves were used to assess the predictive effect of risk factors for subsyndromal delirium.ResultsA total of 179 elderly pancreatic surgery patients were included in this study. 67 elderly patients developed subsyndromal delirium with an incidence of 37.43%. Multivariable Logistic regression revealed that risk factors for SSD included age, age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (aCCI), and postoperative fever, while and education level with senior high school or above was found to be protective factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the combination of age and aCCI predicted SSD in elderly pancreatic surgery patients (Area Under Curve = 0.815, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.752 - 0.878), with sensitivity and specificity of 80.6% and 75.9%, respectively.ConclusionThe incidence of subsyndromal delirium after elderly pancreatic surgery was as high as 37.43%. Effective assessment and prevention of subsyndromal delirium are crucial. In the early postoperative period, special attention should be given to elderly patients with more preoperative comorbidities and lower education levels, and their temperature should be monitored in a timely manner.
The causal impact of smoking behavior on osteoarthritis: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Xiao Qiang , Dong Susu , Tan Yafen , Zhang Xuan , Yao Lu , Li Qiuping , Wang Tianli 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveAlthough smoking and osteoarthritis (OA) have been linked in a number of studies, the exact cause of the association is still unknown and the conclusion is controversial. The purpose of this study was to use Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between smoking phenotypes and OA risk from a genetically informed standpoint.MethodsAs instrumental variables (IVs) based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), this study used the summary-level data of corresponding genome-wide association study (GWAS) for five smoking phenotypes involving 1,694,781 samples. The outcomes comprised both a discovery and a replication cohort. The discovery MR analysis involved 12 OA traits (177,517 cases and 649,173 controls) while the replication MR analysis incorporated an additional OA GWAS dataset consisting of 36,185 cases and 135,185 controls. The main analytic approach we used was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. MR Egger, Weighted median, Weighted mode, and Simple mode were among the other methods that were tested. We conducted meta-analysis to combine the MR results. To confirm the robustness of the results, sensitivity analysis using Leave-One-Out (LOO), level pleiotropy testing (MR Egger intercept test and MR-PRESSO), and heterogeneity testing were performed.ResultsSummary-level MR analysis revealed a positive correlation between genetic predisposition for smoking and the likelihood of developing OA. The meta-analysis merge showed that smoking initiation increased the risk of knee OA by 20%, hip OA by 16%, and knee/hip OA by 19% (all p &lt; 0.001). Similarly, lifetime smoking elevated the risk of knee OA by 101%, hip OA by 55%, and knee/hip OA by 84% (all p &lt; 0.001). The sensitivity analysis’s findings reinforced the reliability of these findings.ConclusionAccording to our research, smoking increases the likelihood of developing OA from a genetic standpoint. Reducing tobacco use could, therefore, be beneficial in lowering the incidence of OA.
Factors influencing health service utilization among 19,869 China’s migrant population: an empirical study based on the Andersen behavioral model
Authors: Song Yalin , Liu Jingru , Yan Shuming , Ma Mingze , Tarimo Clifford Silver , Chen Yiyang , Lai Yanhong , Guo Xinghong , Wu Jian , Ye Beizhu 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundWith the surge in population migration across China, particularly from rural to urban regions, the migrant population encounters unique challenges in accessing healthcare services. This study addresses the gap in health service utilization among migrants, specifically examining their engagement with basic public health services and the factors that impact these interactions.MethodsIn the year 2023, a cross-sectional survey was carried out among 19,869 migrants in China, employing a multi-stage stratified sampling technique for participant recruitment. The analysis was guided by the Andersen Health Service Utilization Model, examining predisposing, enabling, and needing factors related to health service utilization. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used to explore the group difference and the associations between demographic characteristics and utilization of health service.ResultsThe study revealed significant underutilization of health services among the migrant communities, with only a minority having established health records or engaged with family doctors. Additionally, there existed a notable disparity in health education and the proactive pursuit of health knowledge. Age, gender, educational level, socioeconomic status, employment status, and proximity to healthcare facilities significantly influenced health service utilization. Notably, healthier lifestyle choices correlated with the increased involvement in health services.ConclusionThe findings highlight a substantial need for targeted health policy interventions and healthcare system reforms to enhance the accessibility and utilization of health services among the migrant population in China. Promoting education on health services, improving healthcare infrastructure, and addressing the unique needs and barriers encountered by migrants are crucial measures for achieving equitable health outcomes.
Determining the cultural safety of chronic disease interventions for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: a scoping review
Authors: Woodall Hannah , Larkins Sarah , Pinidiyapathirage Janani , Ward Raelene , Evans Rebecca 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesTo assess how the cultural safety of primary care-based chronic disease interventions for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians is determined.MethodsScoping review of peer-reviewed evaluations of chronic disease interventions for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients, in which cultural safety is an outcome. Searches included Scopus, Informit, OVID Medline, Emcare and CINAHL including all articles published until September 2023.ResultsSearches identified 2,225 articles. 1,854 articles underwent title and abstract screening, with 97 progressing to full text review. Twenty articles met the inclusion criteria. 75% (n = 15) of articles determined cultural safety based solely on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ perspectives, with community acceptance as the most common means of determining cultural safety. In the analysed studies, elements contributing to cultural safety included practitioner behaviour (n = 15), knowledge (n = 6), skills (n = 1) and attitudes (n = 4), partnership with community (n = 4) and culturally safe services (n = 5), and graphics and artwork (n = 6). The inconsistent terminology and lack of definitions made comparison of studies challenging.ConclusionThis review underscores the importance of adopting the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA) definition of cultural safety to standardise terminology and explore the many elements of cultural safety. It is recommended that cultural safety is defined by the community targeted by the intervention. Identification of elements of cultural safety will guide future interventions and reduce reliance on community acceptance as an indirect measure of cultural safety. If chronic diseases interventions are to effectively impact health equity, it is vital to understand cultural safety within these settings.
State and county level legislative approaches to address racial/ethnic health inequities in Maryland (2012–2021)
Authors: Walelo Makeda , White Whilby Kellee 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionPublic policies and legislative approaches are used to address racial health inequities. While most recent studies examine federal and state-level legislative activity, a paucity of analyses characterize policies enacted in a single state and across local jurisdictions. To address this gap, we identify racial health equity policies in the state of Maryland and describe key features and themes.MethodsA legal mapping study and content analysis was conducted. Maryland policies and legislative activity adopted at the state or county level (2012–2021) were identified by systematically searching Westlaw and state and county government legislative databases. Information for each policy was ascertained and analyzed to identify content domains.ResultsWe identified 22 state-level policies and 10 county-level policies and actions that explicitly addressed racial health inequities. Six domains were identified: healthcare and public health cultural competence; disease-specific care and outcomes; access to healthcare services; social determinants of health; collection action and research infrastructure; and structural racism. At the state- and county- level, most policies pertained to the healthcare and public health cultural competence domain. Of Maryland’s 24 counties, only 8 (33%) passed health equity policies and implemented equity-specific policy priorities.ConclusionThis study provides a snapshot of the Maryland policy landscape and suggests an increasing prioritization of equity policy at the state and county levels. While policies address issues ranging from cultural competence to structural racism, policy content differed by level of jurisdiction. Future efforts to critically evaluate the impact of specific policies on health inequities are needed.
Appearance-related distress impacts psychological symptoms in Chinese patients with cleft lip
Authors: Yang Yichun , Yang Renjie , Wang Jiaying , Xie Zhuojun , Zong Yuan , Xia Weiyao , Du Meijun , Zhang Shiming , Yin Jiayi , Chen Jiali , Shi Bing , Gong Caixia , Huang Hanyao 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThis study aimed to explore the characteristics of appearance-related distress and the relationship between appearance-related distress, anxiety and depression symptoms in Chinese patients with cleft lip (CL).MethodsThe Derriford Appearance Scale 59 (DAS-59), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to screen for appearance-related distress, anxiety, and depression symptoms in Chinese patients with CL, respectively.ResultsA total of 63 patients with CL, comprising 43 unilateral and 20 bilateral cases, and 64 individuals without CL in the control group were included in the study. Appearance-related distress was compared between patients with CL and non-cleft individuals. The relationship between appearance-related distress and two psychological symptoms was estimated. The DAS-59 scores in patients with CL were significantly higher than those in non-cleft individuals. The DAS-59 scores in patients with CL who had anxiety or depression symptoms were significantly higher than those without symptoms, and the DAS-59 scores were correlated with GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores. After adjustment for demographic variables, the DAS-59 scores were also positively associated with GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores in patients with CL.ConclusionMore significant appearance-related distress was observed in Chinese patients with CL compared to the control group, but it did not exhibit a correlation with the patients’ diagnosis (unilateral or bilateral), sex, age, or other demographic characteristics. Furthermore, appearance-related distress plays a significant role in psychological symptoms and may serve as a predictor of anxiety and depressive symptoms.
Housing insecurity pathways to physiological and epigenetic manifestations of health among aging adults: a conceptual model
Authors: Bhat Aarti C. , Fenelon Andrew , Almeida David M. 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionHousing insecurity is a social determinant of health, as evidenced by its associations with mental, physical, and biological outcomes. The scientific understanding of the mechanisms by which housing insecurity is associated with health is still limited. This review adapts existing stress process models to propose a conceptual model illustrating potential pathways linking the specific stressor of housing insecurity to physiological and epigenetic manifestations of stress among aging adults.MethodsThis narrative review examines literature across multiple fields, including public health, psychology, and sociology. The literature selected for this review was identified through scientific databases including Web of Science, PubMed, JSTOR, and Google Scholar; primarily peer-reviewed empirical studies, literature reviews, and research reports published in English between 1981 and 2024; and principally based in the United States context. A synthesis of this literature is presented in a proposed conceptual model.ResultsThe literature supports the existence of two main predictors of housing insecurity: sociodemographic characteristics and the historical/current context. The main mediating pathways between housing insecurity and manifestations of stress include health behaviors, psychosocial resources, and structural resources. Moderating factors affecting the associations between housing insecurity and manifestations of stress include government assistance, chronic discrimination/unfair treatment, and individual differences. These interdependent mediating and moderating mechanisms affect stressor reactivity, a proximal manifestation of stress, which contributes to the physiological and epigenetic distal manifestations of stress in aging adults.Discussion and implicationsThe prevalence of housing insecurity among aging adults is growing in the United States, with significant implications for public health and health disparities, given the growing percentage of aging adults in the population. Further empirical testing of the mediating and moderating mechanisms proposed in the conceptual model will elucidate how housing insecurity is connected to health and provide insight into preventive strategies to ameliorate the adverse effects of housing insecurity on biological health among aging adults.