bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaf traits linked to structure and palatability drive plant–insect interactions within three forested ecosystems
Authors: Azevedo‐Schmidt Lauren , Currano Ellen D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPremisePlant traits and insect herbivory have been highly studied within the modern record but only to a limited extent within the paleontological. Preservation influences what can be measured within the fossil record, but modern methods are also not compatible with paleobotanical methods. To remedy this knowledge gap, a comparable framework was created here using modern and paleobotanical methods, allowing for future comparisons within the fossil record.MethodsInsect feeding damage on selected tree species at Harvard Forest, the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, and La Selva were characterized using the damage type system prevalent within paleobotanical studies and compared with leaf traits. Linear models and random forest analyses tested the influence of leaf traits on total, specialized, gall, and mine frequency and diversity.ResultsStructural traits like leaf dry mass per area and palatability traits, including lignin and phosphorus concentrations, are important variables affecting gall and mine damage. The significance and strength of trait‐herbivory relationships varied across forest types, which is likely driven by differences in local insect populations.ConclusionsThis work addresses the persistent gap between modern and paleoecological studies focusing on the influence of leaf traits on insect herbivory. This is important as modern climate change alters our understanding of plant–insect interactions, providing a need for contextualizing these relationships within evolutionary time. The fossil record provides information on terrestrial response to past climatic events and, thus, should be implemented when considering how to preserve biodiversity under current and future global change.
R‐miniCHOP versus R‐CHOP in elderly patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: A propensity matched population‐based study
Authors: Al‐Sarayfi D. , Brink M. , Chamuleau M. E. D. , Brouwer R. , van Rijn R. S. , Issa D. , Deenik W. , Huls G. , Mous R. , Vermaat J. S. P. , Diepstra A. , Zijlstra J. M. , van Meerten T. , Nijland M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFor elderly frail patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), an attenuated chemo‐immunotherapy strategy of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (R‐miniCHOP) was introduced as a treatment option as from 2014 onward in the Netherlands. Although R‐miniCHOP is more tolerable, reduction of chemotherapy could negatively affect survival compared to R‐CHOP. The aim of this analysis was to assess survival of patients treated with R‐miniCHOP compared to R‐CHOP. DLBCL patients ≥65 years, newly diagnosed in 2014–2020, who received ≥1 cycle of R‐miniCHOP or R‐CHOP were identified in the Netherlands Cancer Registry, with survival follow‐up through 2022. Patients were propensity‐score‐matched for baseline characteristics. Main endpoints were progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and relative survival (RS). The use of R‐miniCHOP in DLBCL increased from 2% in 2014 to 15% in 2020. In total, 384 patients treated with R‐miniCHOP and 384 patients treated with R‐CHOP were included for comparison (median age; 81 years, stage 3–4; 68%). The median number of R‐(mini)CHOP cycles was 6 (range, 1–8). The 2‐year PFS, OS and RS were inferior for patients treated with R‐miniCHOP compared to R‐CHOP (PFS 51% vs. 68%, p < .01; OS 60% vs. 75%, p < .01; RS 69% vs. 86%, p < .01). In multivariable analysis, patients treated with R‐miniCHOP had higher risk of all‐cause mortality compared to patients treated with R‐CHOP (HR 1.73; 95%CI, 1.39–2.17). R‐miniCHOP is effective for most elderly patients. Although survival is inferior compared to R‐CHOP, the use of R‐miniCHOP as initial treatment is increasing. Therefore, fitness needs to be carefully weighed in treatment selection.
Recent advances in anxiety disorders: Focus on animal models and pathological mechanisms
Authors: Zhao Hongqing , Zhou Mi , Liu Yang , Jiang Jiaqi , Wang Yuhong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAnxiety disorders have become one of the most severe psychiatric disorders, and the incidence is increasing every year. They impose an extraordinary personal and socioeconomic burden. Anxiety disorders are influenced by multiple complex and interacting genetic, psychological, social, and environmental factors, which contribute to disruption or imbalance in homeostasis and eventually cause pathologic anxiety. The selection of a suitable animal model is important for the exploration of disease etiology and pathophysiology, and the development of new drugs. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of the advantages and limitations of existing animal models of anxiety disorders is helpful to further study the underlying pathological mechanisms of the disease. This review summarizes animal models and the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders, and discusses the current research status to provide insights for further study of anxiety disorders.
Ultraschnelle oberflächenspezifische Spektroskopie von Wasser an einem photoangeregten TiO2‐Modell‐Photokatalysator zur Wasserspaltung
Authors: Backus Ellen H. G. , Hosseinpour Saman , Ramanan Charusheela , Sun Shumei , Schlegel Simon J. , Zelenka Moritz , Jia Xiaoyu , Gebhard Maximilian , Devi Anjana , Wang Hai I. , Bonn Mischa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEin kritischer Schritt bei der photokatalytischen Wasserdissoziation ist die lochvermittelte Oxidationsreaktion. Einblicke auf molekularer Ebene in den Mechanismus dieser komplexen Reaktion unter realistischen Bedingungen mit hoher zeitlicher Auflösung sind äußerst wünschenswert. Wir verwenden Femtosekunden zeitaufgelöste, oberflächenspezifische Summenfrequenzspektroskopie, um die photoinduzierte Reaktion direkt an der Grenzfläche des Photokatalysators TiO2 in Kontakt mit flüssigem Wasser bei Raumtemperatur zu untersuchen. Dank der inhärenten Oberflächenspezifität der spektroskopischen Methode können wir spezifisch die Reaktion von den Grenzflächenwassermolekülen direkt an der Grenzfläche auf Zeitskalen auf denen die Reaktion abläuft verfolgen. Nach der Erzeugung von Löchern an der Oberfläche des Katalysators, sofort nach der Photoanregung mit UV‐Licht, erfolgt die Wasserdissoziation auf einer Zeitskala von unter 20 ps. Der Reaktionsmechanismus ist bei pH 3 und 11 ähnlich. In beiden Fällen beobachten wir die Umwandlung von H2O in Ti−OH‐Gruppen und die Deprotonierung bereits vorhandener Ti−OH‐Gruppen. Diese Studie bietet einzigartige experimentelle Einblicke in die frühen Schritte der photoinduzierten Dissoziationsprozesse an der Photokatalysator‐Wasser Grenzfläche, die für die Entwicklung verbesserter Photokatalysatoren relevant sind.
Lamellare MXene‐Membranen für das Ionen‐Sieben mit superausgerichteten Nanokanälen durch das Scheren flüssigkristalliner MXene‐Suspensionen
Authors: Huang Lingzhi , Wu Haoyu , Ding Li , Caro Jürgen , Wang Haihui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIonenselektive Membranen sind bei verschiedenen chemischen und physiologischen Prozessen von entscheidender Bedeutung. Zahlreiche Studien dokumentieren Fortschritte bei der Trennung einwertiger/mehrwertiger Ionen, eine effiziente Siebung einwertiger/einwertiger Ionen durch entsprechende Membranen bleibt jedoch aufgrund ihrer gleichen Wertigkeit und ähnlichen Radien eine große Herausforderung. Wir berichten in dieser Arbeit über eine zweidimensionale (2D) MXene‐Membran mit superausgerichteten schlitzförmigen Nanokanälen mit sehr hoher Selektivität für monovalente Ionen, insbesondere für Li+. Die MXene‐Membran wird in Rakel‐/Doctor Bading‐Technik durch Anwendung von Scherkräften auf eine flüssigkristalline (LC) MXene‐Dispersion hergestellt, was die hochgeordnete Stapelung der MXene‐Nanoblättchen ermöglicht. Die erhaltene LC MXene‐Membran (LCMM) weist sehr hohe Selektivitäten für die Trennung von Li+/Na+, Li+/K+ und Li+/Rb+ (≈45, ≈49 und ≈59) auf, kombiniert mit einem schnellen Li+‐Transport mit einer Permeationsrate von ≈0.35 mol m−2 h−1 und übertrifft damit die bekannten Membranen. Theoretische Berechnungen zeigen, dass in MXene‐Nanokanälen das vierfach hydratisierte Li+ in tetraedrischer Geometrie den kleinsten Durchmesser unter den einwertigen Ionen aufweist, was zur höchsten Mobilität beiträgt. Darüber hinaus findet sich die schwächste Wechselwirkung zwischen den hydratisierten Li+‐Ionen und den MXene‐Kanälen, was auch zur schnellen Permeation von Li+ durch die superausgerichteten MXene‐Kanäle beiträgt. Diese Arbeit demonstriert die Fähigkeit von MXene‐Membranen zur Trennung monovalenter Ionen, und bietet gleichzeitig eine einfache und allgemeine scale up‐Strategie zur Herstellung von lamellaren Membranen.
Entropy‐Mediated Stable Structural Evolution of Prussian White Cathodes for Long‐Life Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: He Yueyue , Dreyer Sören L. , Ting Yin‐Ying , Ma Yuan , Hu Yang , Goonetilleke Damian , Tang Yushu , Diemant Thomas , Zhou Bei , Kowalski Piotr M. , Fichtner Maximilian , Hahn Horst , Aghassi‐Hagmann Jasmin , Brezesinski Torsten , Breitung Ben , Ma Yanjiao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe high‐entropy approach is applied to monoclinic Prussian White (PW) Na‐ion cathodes to address the issue of unfavorable multilevel phase transitions upon electrochemical cycling, leading to poor stability and capacity decay. A series of Mn‐based samples with up to six metal species sharing the N‐coordinated positions was synthesized. The material of composition Na1.65Mn0.4Fe0.12Ni0.12Cu0.12Co0.12Cd0.12[Fe(CN)6]0.92□0.08 ⋅ 1.09H2O was found to exhibit superior cyclability over medium/low‐entropy and conventional single‐metal PWs. We also report, to our knowledge for the first time, that a high‐symmetry crystal structure may be advantageous for high‐entropy PWs during battery operation. Computational comparisons of the formation enthalpy demonstrate that the compositionally less complex materials are prone to phase transitions, which negatively affect cycling performance. Based on data from complementary characterization techniques, an intrinsic mechanism for the stability improvement of the disordered PW structure upon Na+ insertion/extraction is proposed, namely the dual effect of suppression of phase transitions and mitigation of gas evolution.
Planar Tetracoordinate Hydrogen: Pushing the Limit of Multicentre Bonding
Authors: Kalita Amlan J. , Rohman Shahnaz S. , Sahu Prem P. , Guha Ankur Kanti 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAmong the list of planar tetracoordinate atoms, the smallest element hydrogen is missing. No experimental and theoretical evidence have ever been put forwarded. Herein, we introduce the first planar tetracoordinate hydrogen atom (ptH) in the global minimum geometry of In4H+ cluster. Bonding analysis indicates that the central hydrogen atom is acting like a proton and significant charge transfer from the surrounding In4 framework results in a negative charge of the central hydrogen atom. The proposed global minimum geometry possesses σ‐aromaticity and the central hydrogen atom forms unusual multicentre bond with more than three centres.
Artificial Protein Crosstalk with a Molecule that Exchanges Binding Partners
Authors: Suss Ohad , Halfin Olga , Porat Ziv , Fridmann Sirkis Yael , Motiei Leila , Margulies David 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDrawing inspiration from allosteric signaling enzymes, whose catalytic and regulatory units are non‐covalently linked, we have devised a method to establish unnatural, effector‐mediated enzyme activation within native cells. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated by introducing a synthetic regulatory unit (sRU) onto glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK‐3) through non‐covalent means. Our study reveals that this synthetic regulator mediates an unnatural crosstalk between GSK‐3 and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), whose expression is regulated by cellular oxygen levels. Specifically, with this approach, the constitutively active GSK‐3 is transformed into an activable enzyme, whereas LDHA is repurposed as an unnatural effector protein that controls the activity of the kinase, making it unnaturally dependent on the cell‘s hypoxic response. These findings demonstrate a step toward imitating the function of effector‐regulated cell‐signaling enzymes, which play a key biological role in mediating the response of cells to changes in their environment. In addition, at the proof‐of‐principle level, our results indicate the potential to develop a new class of protein inhibitors whose inhibitory effect in cells is dictated by the cell‘s environment and consequent protein expression profile.
Shearing Liquid‐Crystalline MXene into Lamellar Membranes with Super‐Aligned Nanochannels for Ion Sieving
Authors: Huang Lingzhi , Wu Haoyu , Ding Li , Caro Jürgen , Wang Haihui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIon‐selective membranes are crucial in various chemical and physiological processes. Numerous studies have demonstrated progress in separating monovalent/multivalent ions, but efficient monovalent/monovalent ion sieving remains a great challenge due to their same valence and similar radii. Here, this work reports a two‐dimensional (2D) MXene membrane with super‐aligned slit‐shaped nanochannels with ultrahigh monovalent ion selectivity. The MXene membrane is prepared by applying shear forces to a liquid‐crystalline (LC) MXene dispersion, which is conducive to the highly‐ordered stacking of the MXene nanosheets. The obtained LC MXene membrane (LCMM) exhibits ultrahigh selectivities toward Li+/Na+, Li+/K+, and Li+/Rb+ separation (≈45, ≈49, and ≈59), combined with a fast Li+ transport with a permeation rate of ≈0.35 mol m−2 h−1, outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art membranes. Theoretical calculations indicate that in MXene nanochannels, the hydrated Li+ with a tetrahedral shape has the smallest diameter among the monovalent ions, contributing to the highest mobility. Besides, the weakest interaction is found between hydrated Li+ and MXene channels which also contributes to the ultrafast permeation of Li+ through the super‐aligned MXene channels. This work demonstrates the capability of MXene membranes in monovalent ion separation, which also provides a facile and general strategy to fabricate lamellar membranes in a large scale.
Perioperative Nurses’ Perceptions of theQSENCompetencies
Authors: Cengiz Adem , Yoder Linda H. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTSince the development of the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) competencies, most published studies related to the topic have focused on investigating the perceptions of nursing faculty members, prelicensure and graduate nursing students, and recently graduated nurses regarding the competencies. Few researchers have explored practicing nurses’ perceptions. The purpose of this study was to describe practicing perioperative nurses’ perceptions of their knowledge, skills, and attitudes associated with the QSEN competencies. Survey results from 654 perioperative nurses representing 49 states showed that participants reported they were very prepared for the patient‐centered care and teamwork and collaboration competencies, but they were not prepared for the quality improvement competency. Similarly, perioperative nurses reported less participation in QSEN competency–related activities when they felt not at all prepared or somewhat prepared, despite perceiving these activities to be important. Hospital leaders should support perioperative nurses’ efforts to apply the QSEN competencies in the practice setting.
Transient magnesium‐based thin‐film temperature sensor on a flexible, bioabsorbable substrate for future medical applications
Authors: Janus Kevin A. , Achtsnicht Stefan , Drinic Aleksander , Kopp Alexander , Keusgen Michael , Schöning Michael J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this work, the bioabsorbable materials, namely fibroin, polylactide acid (PLA), magnesium, and magnesium oxide are investigated for their application as transient, resistive temperature detectors (RTD). For this purpose, a thin‐film magnesium‐based meander‐like electrode is deposited onto a flexible, bioabsorbable substrate (fibroin or PLA) and encapsulated (passivated) by additional magnesium oxide layers on top and below the magnesium‐based electrode. The morphology of different layered RTDs is analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The sensor performance and lifetime of the RTD is characterized both under ambient atmospheric conditions between 30°C and 43°C, and wet tissue‐like conditions with a constant temperature regime of 37°C. The latter triggers the degradation process of the magnesium‐based layers. The 3‐layers RTDs on a PLA substrate could achieve a lifetime of 8.5 h. These sensors also show the best sensor performance under ambient atmospheric conditions with a mean sensitivity of 0.48 Ω/°C ± 0.01 Ω/°C.
A system decomposition method for region tracking control of a non‐holonomic mobile robot with dynamic parameter uncertainties
Authors: Yu Jinwei , Wu Mengyang , Yang Weihua , Ji Jinchen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe tracking control problem of non‐holonomic mobile robot systems has been extensively investigated in the past decades, however, most of the existing control strategies were developed specifically for the fixed‐point tracking. This technical note focuses on the region tracking control for a non‐holonomic mobile robot system with parameter uncertainties in the robot dynamics. With the system decomposition and adaptive control method, some restrictions imposed on the angular and linear velocities of the non‐holonomic mobile robot in recent literature are removed, enabling to track dynamic trajectories with any values of the angular and line velocities. The proposed adaptive control scheme can simultaneously solve both the regulation and region tracking problems of a non‐holonomic mobile robot with one passive wheel and two actuated wheels. By utilizing the designed control laws, the mobile robot system is able to globally reach inside a moving region specified by potential functions whose path can be a circular curve, a straight line, or sinusoidal curve, by using a single adaptive controller. Since the dynamic region can be specified arbitrarily small, the fixed‐point tracking can be regarded as a special case of region tracking studied in this paper. Compared with the traditional fixed‐point tracking, region tracking has more flexibility and better robustness. Numerical results are presented to show the effectiveness of the designed strategy.
Cationic ribosomal proteins can inhibit pro‐inflammatory action stimulated by LPS+HMGB1 and are hindered by advanced glycation end products
Authors: Watanabe Masahiro , Toyomura Takao , Wake Hidenori , Nishinaka Takashi , Hatipoglu Omer Faruk , Takahashi Hideo , Nishibori Masahiro , Mori Shuji 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe previously found that ribosomal protein L9 (RPL9) is a novel advanced glycation end product (AGE)‐binding protein that can decrease pro‐inflammatory TNF‐α expression stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), suggesting that RPL9 has a role in regulating LPS+HMGB1‐stimulated inflammatory reactions. Among the various ribosomal proteins, it was found that RPS5 reproduced the regulatory activity of RPL9 on LPS+HMGB1‐stimulated TNF‐α expression in macrophage‐like RAW264.7 cells. RPL9 and RPS5 share a common feature as cationic proteins. Polylysine, a cationic polypeptide, and a synthetic peptide of the cationic region from RPL9 also exhibited reducing activity on LPS+HMGB1‐induced TNF‐α expression. By pull‐down assay, RPL9 and RPS5 were confirmed to interact with AGEs. When AGEs coexisted with LPS, HMGB1, plus RPL9 or RPS5, the reducing effect of TNF‐α expression by these cationic ribosomal proteins was shown to be abrogated. The results suggest that cationic ribosomal proteins have a regulatory role in the pro‐inflammatory response induced by LPS+HMGB1, and in the pathophysiological condition of accumulating AGEs, this regulatory effect is abolished, which exacerbates inflammation.
‘I feel like the Wicked Witch’: Identifying tensions between school readiness policy and teacher beliefs, knowledge and practice in Early Childhood Education
Authors: Kay Louise 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper critically examines the tensions arising between Reception teachers' professional beliefs and knowledge, and the school readiness agenda in England. It scrutinises how the increasing academic expectations placed on children to ensure they are ‘ready for school’ may conflict with teachers' understanding of how young children learn, their pedagogical philosophies and classroom practices. In this paper, cultural‐historical activity theory (CHAT) is utilised as a methodological and analytical framework, specifically harnessing Engeström and Sannino's work on ‘manifestations of contradictions’. This theoretical lens is applied to elucidate the specific contradictions that surface at the policy–practice interface and to explore how teachers navigate these conflicts and tensions. Data were gathered through interviews with two Reception teachers and analysed to identify four distinct contradiction categories: dilemmas, double binds, critical conflicts and conflicts. The findings make a critical contribution to ongoing debates about the implications of the school readiness agenda on teacher beliefs, professional knowledge and the impact on children. Furthermore, this paper extends an original contribution to the practical application of CHAT in Early Childhood Education (ECE) research and emphasises the utility of identifying linguistic cues as an effective strategy to reveal contradictions in textual data, thereby furthering understanding of policy–practice tensions in ECE.
Advances in research on molecular markers in immune checkpoint inhibitor‐associated myocarditis
Authors: Shao Jun , Liu Chuanbin , Wang Jing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) play a crucial role in the immunotherapy of malignant tumors, preventing immune evasion by tumor cells and activating autoimmune cells to eliminate the tumor. Despite their proven effectiveness in antitumor therapy, potential immune‐related adverse effects must be recognized, particularly ICI‐associated myocarditis (ICIAM). ICIAM is the most lethal form of organ immunotoxicity, with a significant impact on short‐term mortality. However, ICIAM is predominantly asymptomatic or mildly nonspecific. It is difficult to diagnose, especially due to the lack of unique molecular markers. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the progress made in identifying molecular markers for ICIAM.