bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the abundance and distribution of conserved centrosomal, cytoskeletal and ciliary proteins during spermiogenesis in Marsilea vestita
Authors: Klink Vincent P. , Wolniak Stephen M. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractSpermiogenesis in the male gametophytes of the water fern Marsilea vestita is a precise and rapid process resulting in the production of ciliated gametes. Development begins from a single cell within the microspore wall that undergoes nine rapid cell division cycles in distinct planes to produce 32 spermatids that are surrounded by 7 sterile cells. Thereafter, the de novo formation of basal bodies occurs in a discrete cytoplasmic particle known as a blepharoplast, with the subsequent formation of a complex ciliary apparatus in elongating spermatids. The rate and extent of development appear to be controlled at a post‐transcriptional level, where the sudden translation of specific stored mRNAs (e.g., centrin) results in the formation of particular structures in the cells (e.g., blepharoplasts). We show here that additional centrosomal and cytoskeletal antigens known as SF assemblin, p95 kDa protein, δ tubulin, γ tubulin, Xgrip109, Aik, CTR453, RanBPM, BX63, RSP6, and α tubulin each exhibit specific localization patterns both on immunoblots of gametophyte protein isolates and in fixed cells. BAp90, PP4, and RLC exhibit specific localization patterns in fixed cells. We show that the antigens exhibit complex patterns of abundance during spermiogenesis. In an attempt to identify regulatory agents involved in spermiogenesis, we employed a RNAi‐based screen of 41 randomly selected gametophyte cDNAs on developing populations of synchronously growing gametophytes. The gametophytes treated with each of the RNAi probes exhibited arrest at a specific stage of development. A consequence of anomalous development was the block to assembly of the ciliary apparatus, an effect highlighted by altered staining with anti‐centrin, anti‐β‐tubulin, and anti‐RSP6 antibodies. Our results show that complex, integrated processes of translation and protein partitioning apparently underlie the assembly of the ciliary apparatus during spermiogenesis in male gametophytes of M. vestita. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 56:57–73, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term adjustment of survivors of early‐stage breast carcinoma, 20 years after adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Kornblith Alice B. , Herndon James E. , Weiss Raymond B. , Zhang Chunfeng , Zuckerman Enid L. , Rosenberg Sylvia , Mertz Magriet , Payne David , Jane Massie Mary , Holland James F. , Wingate Patti , Norton Larry , Holland Jimmie C. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe long‐term impact of breast carcinoma and its treatment was assessed in 153 breast carcinoma survivors previously treated on a Phase III randomized trial (Cancer and Leukemia Group B [CALGB 7581]) a median of 20 years after entry to CALGB 7581.METHODSSurvivors were interviewed by telephone using the following standardized measures: Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), PostTraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist with the trauma defined as survivors' response to having had cancer (PCL‐C), Conditioned Nausea, Vomiting and Distress, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ‐C30 (quality of life), Life Experience Survey (stressful events), MOS Social Support Survey, comorbid conditions (Older Americans Resources and Services Questionnaire), and items developed to assess long‐term breast carcinoma treatment side effects and their interference with functioning.RESULTSOnly 5% of survivors had scores that were suggestive of clinical levels of distress (BSI), 15% reported 2 or more posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (PCL‐C) that were moderately to extremely bothersome, 1–6% reported conditioned nausea, emesis, and distress as a consequence of sights, smells, and tastes triggered by reminders of their treatment, 29% reported sexual problems attributed to having had cancer, 39% reported lymphedema, and 33%, reported numbness. Survivors who reported greater lymphedema and numbness that interfered with functioning had significantly worse PTSD (PCL‐C;P= 0.008) com‐ pared with survivors who reported less lymphedema and numbness. Survivors with a lower level of education (P= 0.026), less adequate social support (P= 0.0033), more severe negative life events (P= 0.0098), and greater dissatisfaction with their medical care (P= 0.037) had worse PTSD compared with other survivors.CONCLUSIONSTwenty years after the initial treatment, the impact of breast carcinoma on survivors' adjustment was minimal. However, the higher prevalence of PTSD symptoms in response to having had cancer is indicative of continuing psychologic sequelae long after treatment completion. Findings related to lymphedema and numbness and continued symptoms of PTSD suggest that the long‐term psychologic and medical sequelae on adjustment may be underrecognized. To establish in more detail whether survivors' overall psychologic state is any different from that of individuals without cancer, a population of community residents without cancer would need to be studied. Cancer 2003;98:679–89. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11531
Androgen receptors frequently are expressed in breast carcinomas
Authors: Moinfar Farid , Okcu Murat , Tsybrovskyy Oleksiy , Regitnig Peter , Lax Sigurd F. , Weybora Wolfgang , Ratschek Manfred , Tavassoli Fattaneh A. , Denk Helmut 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDSeveral studies have demonstrated the biologic and therapeutic significance of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) in breast carcinomas. The aim of the current study was to examine the presence of androgen receptors (AR) in breast carcinomas.METHODSTwo hundred cases of breast carcinoma, consisting of 145 invasive and 55 noninvasive (ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS]) lesions, were examined using a monoclonal antibody against AR on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded archival material. The results were analyzed for correlations with immunohistochemically determined ER, PR, and HER‐2/neu expression.RESULTSEighty‐seven of the 145 cases (60%) of invasive carcinoma and 45 of the 55 cases (82%) of DCIS were AR‐positive according to internationally standardized guidelines. The vast majority of Grade 1 carcinomas were positive for AR (90% of invasive Grade 1 carcinomas and 95% of Grade 1 DCIS), whereas in Grade 3 invasive carcinomas and DCIS, positive immunoreactions for AR were observed in 46% and 76% of cases, respectively. Among the cases of Grade 3 carcinoma, 33 invasive carcinomas (39%) and 17 DCIS lesions (68%) were ER‐negative but AR‐positive. Among Grade 1 carcinomas (invasive and DCIS), not a single case was positive for HER‐2/neu, but most cases were intensely positive for AR. In contrast, many invasive Grade 3 carcinomas exhibited agreement between AR status and HER‐2/neu status (AR‐positive and HER‐2/neu‐positive, 30.5%; AR‐negative and HER‐2/neu‐negative, 42.5%).CONCLUSIONSAndrogen receptors are commonly expressed in DCIS and in invasive breast carcinoma. A significant number of poorly differentiated carcinomas are ER‐negative and PR‐negative but AR‐positive. Immunohistochemical examination of AR would be desirable because it would provide additional information about steroid receptors in breast carcinomas. Cancer 2003;98:703–11. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11532
Identification of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 mutations in urine sediment DNA samples complements cytology in bladder tumor detection
Authors: Rieger‐Christ Kimberly M. , Mourtzinos Arthur , Lee Peter J. , Zagha Ralph M. , Cain Jason , Silverman Mark , Libertino John A. , Summerhayes Ian C. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDMutations in fibroblast growth factor 3 receptor (FGFR3) are frequent events in low‐grade bladder tumors. To assess the potential utility of the detection of FGFR3 mutations in a screening modality, the authors analyzed urine sediment DNA samples from 192 patients in a retrospective study.METHODSUrine sediment DNA samples from 192 patients were prepared. Seventy‐two patients had undergone transurethral resection (TURBT group) of mainly Ta lesions and 120 patients had undergone cystectomy (cystectomy group). The majority of patients in the cystectomy group had more advanced tumors compared with patients in the TURBT group. DNA preparations were screened for FGFR3 mutations in exons 7, 10, and 15 using single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and DNA sequencing.RESULTSUsing SSCP, 67% of patients in the TURBT group and 28% in the cystectomy group displayed FGFR3 mutations. Comparative analysis of cytology results and FGFR3 mutational analysis were performed in 122 cases. Within the TURBT group, FGFR3 mutation analysis outperformed cytology. FGFR3 mutation analysis identified change in 68% of urine sediment DNA samples whereas cytology recorded the presence of tumor cells in 32% of the DNA samples. In the cystectomy group, cytology outperformed FGFR3 mutation analysis. Cytology recorded tumor detection in 90% of patients, while SSCP identified mutational change in 24%.CONCLUSIONSCombining FGFR3 mutation results with cytology in both groups correctly identified tumor presence in 105 of 122 (86%) of patients. The greater sensitivity of FGFR3 mutation detection over cytology in identifying the presence of low‐grade, superficial bladder tumors represents a potential new tool to complement standard cytology in screening patients for bladder tumors and recurrent disease. Cancer 2003;98:737–44. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11536
Radiotherapy for extranodal, marginal zone, B‐cell lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue originating in the ocular adnexa
Authors: Uno Takashi , Isobe Koichi , Shikama Naoto , Nishikawa Atsushi , Oguchi Masahiko , Ueno Naoyuki , Itami Jun , Ohnishi Hiroshi , Mikata Atsuo , Ito Hisao 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDDue to the small number of patients and differences in the pathologic classification in most radiotherapy series, information regarding the adequacy of tumor control in patients with ocular‐adnexal marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) is limited.METHODSA multiinstitutional, retrospective study was performed on 50 patients with Stage IE ocular‐adnexal MALT lymphoma who were treated with radiotherapy between 1989 and 1999. The impact of patient characteristics and other variables on tumor control was analyzed.RESULTSResponses to radiotherapy include a complete response (CR) in 26 patients, a partial response (PR) in 20 patients, and no change in 4 patients. Forty‐nine of 50 patients obtained tumor control in the ocular adnexa at 24 months. Overall, 6 patients exhibited disease recurrence at 4–97 months. Three patients developed recurrence in the ocular adnexa. Two patients had isolated extranodal failure involving the oral floor and the submandibular gland, and one patient experienced failure in the neck lymph node. The initial tumor response had a marginal impact on the development of recurrence. None of the 26 patients who achieved a CR experienced ocular‐adnexal recurrence. All three patients who experienced local treatment failure belonged to the initial PR group. In total, five of six patients who developed recurrent disease had obtained a PR after initial radiotherapy. Age, gender, tumor location, and dose of radiotherapy did not influence the development of recurrence. There was only one death due to lymphoma. The 5‐year overall survival rate was 91% with a median follow‐up of 46 months.CONCLUSIONSRadiotherapy offers excellent local control with a prolonged clinical course for patients with MALT lymphoma in the ocular adnexa. The initial response to radiotherapy marginally influenced the probability of recurrence. Cancer 2003;98:865–71. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11539
Short‐term morbidity of the upper limb after sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary lymph node dissection for Stage I or II breast carcinoma
Authors: Rietman Johan S. , Dijkstra Pieter U. , Geertzen Jan H. B. , Baas Peter , de Vries Jaap , Dolsma Wil , Groothoff Johan W. , Eisma Willem H. , Hoekstra Harald J. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe goals of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) are to improve axillary staging and reduce unnecessary axillary lymph node dissections (ALND), thereby reducing treatment‐related upper‐limb morbidity. In the current prospective study, short‐term upper‐limb morbidity was assessed after SLNB and/or ALND.METHODSThe study comprised 204 patients with Stage I/II breast carcinoma. Mean patient age was 55.6 years (standard deviation, 11.6). Sixty‐six patients (32%) underwent SLNB only, and 138 (68%) underwent a Level I–II ALND. Assessment (preoperative [t0] and 6 weeks postoperative [t1]) included evaluation of shoulder range of motion, muscle strength, grip strength, pain, upper/forearm circumference, shoulder disability, and activities of daily life (ADL).RESULTSConsiderable treatment‐related upper‐limb morbidity was observed. Significant (P < 0.001) changes were found for pain, range of motion in forward flexion, abduction and abduction/external rotation, strength of shoulder abductors and elbow flexors, and in perceived disability in ADL. However, no significant difference in change of upper‐limb function and ADL was found between the SLNB and ALND groups.CONCLUSIONSSignificant short‐term treatment‐related upper‐limb morbidity exists after SLNB or ALND. There is no significant difference in short‐term treatment‐related morbidity between SLNB and ALND. Cancer 2003;98:690–6. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11545
The impact of age on toxicity, response rate, quality of life, and survival in patients with advanced, Stage IIIB or IV nonsmall cell lung carcinoma treated with carboplatin and paclitaxel
Authors: Hensing Thomas A. , Peterman Amy H. , Schell Michael J. , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Socinski Mark A. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe optimal treatment strategy for elderly patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma has not been defined to date. The authors performed a retrospective analysis of a Phase III trial that treated patients who had Stage IIIB or IV nonsmall cell lung carcinoma with carboplatin and paclitaxel and analyzed the impact of age on response rate, survival, toxicity, and quality of life.METHODSPatients with Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC were randomized to receive either 4 cycles of carboplatin at an area under the curve (AUC) of 6 and paclitaxel at a dose of 200 mg/m2 every 21 days or treatment with carboplatin and paclitaxel (C/P) until they developed disease progression. At the time of disease progression, all patients on both arms were to receive second‐line weekly paclitaxel at a dose of 80 mg/m2 per week. In this analysis, patients age 70 years and older were compared with patients younger than age 70 years. In addition, a minimum log rank P value analysis was performed in an attempt to identify other potential age splits that may have been significant.RESULTSTwo hundred thirty patients were randomized. Sixty‐seven patients were age 70 years or older (29%). The median number of cycles delivered for both age groups was 4 cycles (range, 0–19 cycles). No statistically significant differences in any of the most common toxicities (Grade ≥ 2) associated with C/P were identified (data from Cycles 1–4) for patients younger than age 70 years compared with patients age 70 years and older, respectively, including neutropenia (38% vs. 35%), neuropathy (13% vs. 16%), leukopenia (7% vs. 13%), myalgia/arthralgia (15% vs. 9%), malaise (8% vs. 15%), anemia (9% vs. 4%), thrombocytopenia (7% vs. 9%), anorexia (8% vs. 4%), and nausea/emesis (14% vs. 15%). In addition, no potential age splits that may have been significant were found using a minimum log rank P value analysis.CONCLUSIONSThe current analysis demonstrated that C/P exhibited similar toxicity profiles in patients age 70 years and older compared with patients younger than age 70 years. The survival rates were not different between the two age groups, and there was no difference in progression of quality‐of‐life outcomes. In fit, elderly patients, C/P represented a reasonable standard regimen. Cancer 2003;98:779–88. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Phase II study of alemtuzumab in chronic lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Ferrajoli Alessandra , O'Brien Susan M. , Cortes Jorge E. , Giles Francis J. , Thomas Deborah A. , Faderl Stefan , Kurzrock Razelle , Lerner Susan , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P. , Keating Michael J. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDPilot studies showed that alemtuzumab is active in lymphoproliferative disorders. The authors conducted a Phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab in advanced or refractory chronic lymphoproliferative disorders.METHODSSeventy‐eight patients were enrolled. The most common diagnoses were chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n = 42 patients) and T‐cell prolymphocytic leukemia (n = 18 patients). Before entering the study, the patients had received multiple therapies (median, three therapies) and the median time from diagnosis was 7 years. Alemtuzumab was given intravenously at doses of 3 mg, 10 mg, and 30 mg on 3 consecutive days, after which 30 mg was administered 3 times a week. Patients were treated for 4–12 weeks depending on disease response. All patients received prophylactic trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and valacyclovir.RESULTSThe overall response rate was 35%, the complete response (CR) rate was 13%, and the partial response (PR) rate was 22%. The median duration of response was 18 months for patients achieving a CR and 7 months for patients achieving a PR. The median duration of survival was 25 months for patients who had a response and 12 months for the entire population. Normalization of the lymphocyte count was observed in 84% of patients and resolution of bone marrow involvement was observed in 49% of patients. The most common infusion‐related adverse events were fever, rigors, skin rash, nausea, and dyspnea. These were most common during the first week of therapy. Hematologic toxicity was comprised of long‐lasting lymphocytopenia and transient neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Thirty‐six patients (46%) experienced at least one episode of fever or infection.CONCLUSIONSAlemtuzumab has a high response rate in patients with chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. Cancer 2003;98:773–8. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11551
Expression and regulation of the novel vascular endothelial growth factor receptor neuropilin‐1 by epidermal growth factor in human pancreatic carcinoma
Authors: Parikh Alexander A. , Liu Wen Biao , Fan Fan , Stoeltzing Oliver , Reinmuth Niels , Bruns Christiane J. , Bucana Corazon D. , Evans Douglas B. , Ellis Lee M. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt was recently shown that neuropilin‐1 (NRP‐1), which was described originally as a receptor for the semaphorins/collapsins (ligands involved in neuronal guidance), is a coreceptor for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and increases the affinity of specific isoforms of VEGF to its receptor, VEGF‐R2.METHODSThe authors investigated the expression and regulation of NRP‐1 in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma specimens and cell lines.RESULTSImmunohistochemical analysis revealed that NRP‐1 was expressed in 12 of 12 human pancreatic adenocarcinoma specimens but was absent in nonmalignant pancreatic tissue. Northern blot analysis revealed NRP‐1 mRNA expression in 8 of 11 human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines. NRP‐1 mRNA expression was increased by epidermal growth factor (EGF) but not by tumor necrosis factor α in several of the human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines studied. Treating human Panc‐48 adenocarcinoma cells with EGF activated Akt and Erk but not P‐38. Blockade of the phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase (PI‐3K)/Akt, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)/Erk, or P‐38 pathways abrogated EGF‐induced NRP‐1 expression. Finally, EGF receptor blockade in vivo led to a decrease in NRP‐1 expression in an orthotopic model of human pancreatic carcinoma.CONCLUSIONSNRP‐1 is expressed in most human pancreatic adenocarcinomas and cell lines but not in nonmalignant pancreatic tissue. EGF regulates NRP‐1 expression through the PI‐3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk signaling pathways, and blockade of the EGF receptor is associated with decreased expression of NRP‐1 in vivo. NRP‐1 may act as a coreceptor for VEGF in pancreatic carcinoma, as it does in other tumor systems, thereby enhancing angiogenesis and the effect of VEGF on the growth of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer 2003;98:720–9. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11560
Expression of c‐ABL, c‐KIT, and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐β in ovarian serous carcinoma and normal ovarian surface epithelium
Authors: Schmandt Rosemarie E. , Broaddus Russell , Lu Karen H. , Shvartsman Hyun , Thornton Angela , Malpica Anais , Sun Charlotte , Bodurka Diane C. , Gershenson David M. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDTyrosine kinases, such as c‐KIT, c‐ABL, and platelet‐derived growth factor‐beta (PDGFR‐β), are important regulators of cell growth. Highly potent and selective inhibitors of tyrosine kinases are being investigated as alternatives to standard chemotherapy. One such inhibitor, imatinib mesylate, is being used to treat gastrointestinal stromal tumors and chronic myelogenous leukemia. Ovarian carcinomas frequently develop resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Immunohistochemical expression of c‐ABL, PDGFR‐β, and c‐KIT was evaluated in ovarian carcinomas to determine whether treatment with imatinib mesylate might be feasible.METHODSThe expression of c‐ABL, c‐KIT, and PDGFR‐β in tumors was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis of 52 ovarian serous carcinomas, including 21 low‐grade (well differentiated) and 31 high‐grade (poorly differentiated) tumors. Fourteen normal ovaries were also evaluated.RESULTSIn normal ovarian surface epithelium, c‐ABL was expressed universally. PDGFR‐β was expressed in the majority (93%) of samples of normal ovarian epithelium, whereas the c‐KIT protein was undetectable in normal ovarian surface epithelium. Overall, c‐ABL was expressed in 71% of serous carcinomas. c‐ABL was expressed more frequently in the low‐grade serous carcinomas (81%) compared with the high‐grade serous carcinomas (65%). PDGFR‐β expression was observed in 81% of serous carcinomas overall and was observed more frequently in higher‐grade tumors. c‐KIT immunohistochemical staining was absent in low‐grade tumors but was present in 26% of high‐grade serous carcinomas.CONCLUSIONSThe majority of ovarian serous carcinomas express one or more of the kinases targeted by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib mesylate, suggesting the potential usefulness of this drug in the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. Cancer 2003;98:758–64. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11561