bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes in the presence of titanium dioxide under UV and solar light: Effect of operational parameters
Authors: Akbal Feryal 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and methyl orange have been studied in the presence of titanium dioxide powder illuminated with a 300‐W UV lamp. The effect of hydrogen peroxide on the degradation process was also determined. It was found that the color removal efficiency was affected by the concentration of dye, amount of TiO2 added, and the pH of the solution. The degradation of dyes obeys first‐order kinetics, with the apparent first‐order rate constant increasing with decreasing dye concentration. The rate constants were evaluated as a function of the concentration of dye, amount of TiO2, and pH. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2005
Revisiting physicians' financial incentives in Quebec: a panel system approach
Authors: Nassiri Abdelhak , Rochaix Lise 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDo Primary Care Physicians (PCPs) react strategically to financial incentives and if so how? To address this question, we follow a quasi‐natural experiment in Quebec, using a panel system technique. In so doing, we both correct for underestimation biases in earlier time series findings and generate new results on the issue of complementarity/substitution between consultations with varying levels of technicality. Under both techniques, we show that PCPs are sensitive to the enforcement and subsequent temporary removals of expenditure caps and more generally, to changes in consultations' relative prices over time. These results support the existence of a discretionary power over the choice of consultation, PCPs increasing strategically the number of the more technical (and therefore more lucrative) consultations when pressed to defend their income. This finding for primary care parallels the now well‐established DRG creep in hospitals. The panel system approach offers a better account of the complexity surrounding PCPs' decision‐making process. In particular, it successfully addresses issues of physician heterogeneity, jointness between consultations and temporal breaks and generates robust estimates of PCPs volume and quality reactions to regulatory changes. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of cardamonin using a chemiluminescent flow‐injection method
Authors: Zhang Qunlin , Myint Aung , Cui Hua , Ge Xuewu , Liu Lijuan , Chou Guixin 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA sensitive and selective flow injection chemiluminescence method for the determination of cardamonin over the range 1.0 × 10−8 to 8.0 × 10−6 g/mL is described. The method is based on the enhancement by cardamonin of the chemiluminescence of the reaction between cerium (IV) and rhodamine 6G in sulphuric acid medium. The optimised flow injection procedure yielded a detection limit for cardamonin of 8.8 × 10−9 g/mL, whilst the relative standard deviations of intraday and inter‐day precision were below 2.5%. The method has the advantages of high sensitivity and a wide linear range. It was successfully applied to the determination of cardamonin in Alpinia katsumadai Hayata. The mechanism of the chemiluminescence reaction is proposed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel siloxane‐carrying dithiol derived from 5‐membered cyclic dithiocarbonate and its curing reactions for coating application
Authors: Uenishi Kazuya , Sudo Atsushi , Endo Takeshi 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA new efficient and straightforward method to convert amines into siloxane‐thiol hybrid molecules was developed. The method relies on the nucleophilic addition of amines to a cyclic dithiocarbonate having siloxane moiety (DTC‐Si), and the successive ring‐opening reaction of the dithiocarbonate moiety to give the corresponding acyclic thiourethane having a thiol moiety. Based on this method, amine‐terminated poly(propylene glycol) was successfully transformed into the corresponding polyether having thiol‐terminals and siloxane groups. In the presence of moisture, the alkoxysilyl moiety underwent condensation reaction to make the polyether cured into a transparent resin having solvent‐resistance. Addition of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (Bis A‐DGE) to the curing process resulted in two simultaneous reactions, i.e., (1) condensation of siloxane part and (2) addition reaction of the thiol terminal and the epoxide group. When this curing process was carried out on a glass surface, the siloxane part reacted with silanol group on the surface, forming a coating layer having excellent mechanical toughness graded as maximum 7H by pencil toughness test (JIS‐K5400). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5119–5126, 2005
Microstructure and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline titanium and Ti–Ta–Nb alloy manufactured using various deformation methods
Authors: Dutkiewicz J. , Kuśnierz J. , Maziarz W. , Lejkowska M. , Garbacz H. , Lewandowska M. , Dobromyslov A. V. , Kurzydłowski K. J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractMechanical properties and TEM microstructure studies have been carried out of nanocrystalline titanium, Ti10Nb10Ta and Ti10Nb obtained by various technological routes, including: powder metallurgy (ball milling and hot pressing), Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP), hydroextrusion (HE) and high pressure torsion (HPT). The HE processed material in the form of 20 mm rods was extruded at a strain rate of 2.5 × 102 s–1 to a diameter of 3 mm, which corresponds to the true strain of 3.8. Resulting Yield Strength (YS) at the crystal size below 80 nm exceeded 1000 MPa, i.e. attained a value of 3 times more than the initial material. Equal‐Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) at 723 K was applied to produce nanostructured titanium. Grain refinement was observed already after one pass (considerable number of grains with d < 100 nm was noted). It was accompanied by a growth of strength and slight decrease in the elongation. ECAP processing up to 4 passes resulted in further slight growth of strength and further slight loss of elongation. The titanium powder prepared by ball milling in a high energy mill decreased its crystal size down to 10 nm and reached microhardness HV20 = 1000. The additions of Nb and Ta resulted in a similar grain refinement but lower hardness. Uniaxial hot pressing at 650 °C, followed by vacuum annealing resulted in similar microhardness as for powders. TEM studies performed using quantitative metallography allowed to estimate mean grain size at 150 nm. HPT technique at the pressure of 5 GPa resulted in finest grain size as compared to other preparation techniques leading to nanoscale grain refinement in Ti samples. The mean crystal size was estimated at about 30 nm.
STLlint: lifting static checking from languages to libraries
Authors: Gregor Douglas , Schupp Sibylle 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTraditional static checking centers around finding bugs in programs by isolating cases where the language has been used incorrectly. These language‐based checkers do not understand the semantics of software libraries, and therefore cannot be used to detect errors in the use of libraries. In this paper, we introduce STLlint, a program analysis we have implemented for the C++ Standard Template Library and similar, generic software libraries, and we present the general approach that underlies STLlint. We show that static checking of library semantics differs greatly from checking of language semantics, requiring new representations of program behavior and new algorithms. Major challenges include checking the use of generic algorithms, loop analysis for interfaces, and organizing behavioral specifications for extensibility. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WEIGHTED LIPSCHITZ CONTINUITY AND HARMONIC BLOCH AND BESOV SPACES IN THE REAL UNIT BALL
Authors: Ren Guangbin , Kähler Uwe 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe characterization by weighted Lipschitz continuity is given for the Bloch space on the unit ball of $\mathbb{R}^n$. Similar results are obtained for little Bloch and Besov spaces.
TRACIAL EQUIVALENCE FOR $C^*$-ALGEBRAS AND ORBIT EQUIVALENCE FOR MINIMAL DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS
Authors: Lin Huaxin 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe introduce the notion of tracial equivalence for $C^*$-algebras. Let $A$ and $B$ be two unital separable $C^*$-algebras. If they are tracially equivalent, then there are two sequences of asymptotically multiplicative contractive completely positive linear maps $\phi_n:A\to B$ and $\psi_n:B\to A$ with a tracial condition such that $\{\phi_n\circ\psi_n\}$ and $\{\psi_n\circ\phi_n\}$ are tracially approximately inner. Let $A$ and $B$ be two unital separable simple $C^*$-algebras with tracial topological rank zero. It is proved that $A$ and $B$ are tracially equivalent if and only if $A$ and $B$ have order isomorphic ranges of tracial states. For the Cantor minimal systems $(X_1,\sigma_1)$ and $(X_2,\sigma_2)$, using a result of Giordano, Putnam and Skau, we show that two such dynamical systems are (topological) orbit equivalent if and only if the associated crossed products $C(X_1)\times_{\sigma_1}\mathbb{Z}$ and $C(X_2)\times_{\sigma_2}\mathbb{Z}$ are tracially equivalent.
ALMOST TRANSITIVITY IN $\mathcal{C}_0$ SPACES OF VECTOR-VALUED FUNCTIONS
Authors: Aizpuru Antonio , Rambla Fernando 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBy means of $M$-structure and dimension theory, we generalize some known results and obtain some new ones on almost transitivity in $\mathcal{C}_0(L,X)$. For instance, if $X$ has the strong Banach–Stone property, then almost transitivity of $\mathcal{C}_0(L,X)$ is divided into two weaker properties, one of them depending only on topological properties of $L$ and the other being closely related to the covering dimensions of $L$ and $X$. This leads to some non-trivial examples of almost transitive $\mathcal{C}_0(L,X)$ spaces.
SMYTH SURFACES AND THE DREHRISS
Authors: Burns John M. , Clancy Michael J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIsometric deformations of immersed surfaces in Euclidean 3-space are studied by means of the drehriss. When the immersion is of constant mean curvature and the deformation preserves the mean curvature, we determine the drehriss explicitly in terms of the immersion and its Gauss map. These methods are applied to obtain an alternative classification of the Smyth surfaces, i.e. constant mean curvature immersions of the plane into Euclidean 3-space which admit the action of $S^1$ as a non-trivial group of internal isometries.
The mysteries of nitrogen balance
Authors: Waterlow J. C 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe first part of this review is concerned with the balance between N input and output as urinary urea. I start with some observations on classical biochemical studies of the operation of the urea cycle. According to Krebs, the cycle is instantaneous and automatic, as a result of the irreversibility of the first enzyme, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1 (EC6.3.5.5; CPS-I), and it should be able to handle many times the normal input to the cycle. It is now generally agreed that acetyl glutamate is a necessary co-factor for CPS-1, but not a regulator. There is abundant evidence that changes in dietary protein supply induce coordinated changes in the amounts of all five urea-cycle enzymes. How this coordination is achieved, and why it should be necessary in view of the properties of the cycle mentioned above, is unknown. At the physiological level it is not clear how a change in protein intake is translated into a change of urea cycle activity. It is very unlikely that the signal is an alteration in the plasma concentration either of total amino-N or of any single amino acid. The immediate substrates of the urea cycle are NH3and aspartate, but there have been no measurements of their concentration in the liver in relation to urea production. Measurements of urea kinetics have shown that in many cases urea production exceeds N intake, and it is only through transfer of some of the urea produced to the colon, where it is hydrolysed to NH3, that it is possible to achieve N balance. It is beginning to look as if this process is regulated, possibly through the operation of recently discovered urea transporters in the kidney and colon. The second part of the review deals with the synthesis and breakdown of protein. The evidence on whole-body protein turnover under a variety of conditions strongly suggests that the components of turnover, including amino acid oxidation, are influenced and perhaps regulated by amino acid supply or amino acid concentration, with insulin playing an important but secondary role. Molecular biology has provided a great deal of information about the complex processes of protein synthesis and breakdown, but so far has nothing to say about how they are coordinated so that in the steady state they are equal. A simple hypothesis is proposed to fill this gap, based on the self-evident fact that for two processes to be coordinated they must have some factor in common. This common factor is the amino acid pool, which provides the substrates for synthesis and represents the products of breakdown. The review concludes that although the achievement and maintenance of N balance is a fact of life that we tend to take for granted, there are many features of it that are not understood, principally the control of urea production and excretion to match the intake, and the coordination of protein synthesis and breakdown to maintain a relatively constant lean body mass.
Organic acids for performance enhancement in pig diets
Authors: Partanen Krisi H , Mroz Zdzislaw 
Published: September 2005

AbstractOrganic acids and their salts appear to be potential alternatives to prophylactic in-feed antibiotics and growth promoters in order to improve the performance of weaned piglets, fattening pigs and reproductive sows, although their growth-promoting effects are generally less than that of antibiotics. Based on an analysis of published data, the growth-promoting effect of formates, fumarates and citrates did not differ in weaned piglets. In fattening pigs, formates were the most effective followed by fumarates, whereas propionates did not improve growth performance. These acids improved the feedgain ratio of both weaned piglets and fattening pigs. In weaned piglets, the growth-promoting effects of dietary organic acids appear to depend greatly on their influence on feed intake. In sows, organic acids may have anti-agalactia properties. Successful application of organic acids in the diets for pigs requires an understanding of their modes of action. It is generally considered that dietary organic acids or their salts lower gastric pH, resulting in increased activity of proteolytic enzymes and gastric retention time, and thus improved protein digestion. Reduced gastric pH and increased retention time have been difficult to demonstrate, whereas improved apparent ileal digestibilities of protein and amino acids have been observed with growing pigs, but not in weaned piglets. Organic acids may influence mucosal morphology, as well as stimulate pancreatic secretions, and they also serve as substrates in intermediary metabolism. These may further contribute to improved digestion, absorption and retention of many dietary nutrients. Organic acid supplementation reduces dietary buffering capacity, which is expected to slow down the proliferation and|or colonization of undesirable microbes, e.g.Escherichia coli, in the gastro-ileal region. However, reduced scouring has been observed in only a few studies. As performance responses to dietary organic acids in pigs often varies, more specific studies are necessary to elucidate an explanation.
Altering nutrient utilization in animals through transgenesis
Authors: Ward Kevin A 
Published: September 2005

AbstractImproved domestic animal productivity is necessary in order to provide for an increasing world population over the next two to three decades and such improvement would be aided by an increase in the efficiency of nutrient utilization. This can be achieved by conventional genetic selection protocols but progress by this approach is slow. A more rapid but as yet largely unproven technique is the direct modification of the genome which can be achieved by the transfer of recombinant DNA to the nuclei of early embryos. This new technology is potentially powerful because it allows the direct transfer of genes without regard to inter-species barriers to breeding. However, it raises a new set of problems associated with the integration and expression of the foreign genetic information in the new genome. In this review the application of the technology to increasing nutrient utilization and increased productivity are discussed. Two areas have received substantial attention in the 15 years since the technique was first applied to domestic animals. First, the current status of the modification of growth hormone levels to improve productivity and feed utilization efficiency is reviewed, with current results suggesting that several of the projects may soon be approaching field trial status. Second, the introduction of novel biochemical pathways to domestic animals to provide them with different sources of the substrates required for growth and production is discussed. Recent results obtained in the introduction of a cysteine biosynthetic pathway to animals is reviewed. While this line of research remains some distance from commercial application, it provides a useful example of the powerful possibilities inherent in the new technology. However, it also serves to highlight some of the difficulties that might be expected as new genes are expressed to produce enzymes that must fit compatibly with existing animal biochemistry.
Occurrence of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Generally HealthyWomen With Exophytic Vulvar Condyloma Acuminata
Authors: Sadan Oscar , Bilevsky Efi , Shejter Eduardo , Levy Tally , Bachar Rachel , Yarden Havazelet , Glezerman Marek , Lurie Samuel 
Published: September 2005

Aim. To disclose possible association between exophytic vulvar condyloma acuminata and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in generally healthy, sexually active women.Methods. This retrospective study included 74 patients (study group) who were referred for laser vaporization therapy of exophytic vulvar condyloma acuminata, and 88 asymptomatic volunteers without evidence of exophytic vulvar condyloma acuminata (control group) who were referred for screening Papanicolaou (Pap) test cervical evaluation including colposcopy. The diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was based on Pap smear, colposcopy and/or biopsy.Results. On Pap smear, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were found in 10 (13.5%) women with exophytic vulvar condyloma acuminata and in 2 (2.3%) asymptomatic volunteers (p < 0.05). Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was found in 8 women with exophytic vulvar condyloma acuminata and in none of the asymptomatic volunteers (p < 0.05).Conclusion. An association was found between exophytic vulvar condyloma acuminata and abnormal Pap smear or positive cervical biopsy, in generally healthy women.
Commercial Laboratory IgM Testing for Toxoplasma gondii in Pregnancy: A 20‐Year Experience
Authors: Garry David J. , Elimian Andrew , Wiencek Vandy , Baker David A. 
Published: September 2005

Objective. This study was performed to review the clinical utility of commercial laboratory Toxoplasmosis‐specific IgM testing during pregnancy and outcomes of the gestation at our institution.Methods. A retrospective review of all women referred for suspected acute Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy from 1984 through 2004 was performed. Women were diagnosed with suspected acute toxoplasmosis based on commercial laboratory serologic antibody testing. All women had blood sent to a recognized reference laboratory for antibody testing within 2 weeks of the commercial laboratory results. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board.
Chi‐square analysis were used with a significance of P< .05.Results. A total of 130 women were evaluated during the study period with 116 IgM positive results from the commercial laboratories. The commercial laboratory antibodies were as follows: IgM positive with IgG negative (n = 20), IgM positive with IgG positive (n = 96), and IgM negative with IgG positive (n = 14). There was a significant reduction in the IgM positive results when comparing commercial laboratory (n = 116) with the reference laboratory results (n = 28; p < .001). Acute toxoplasmosis infection was diagnosed in 7 (5%) of the women. All cases of acute toxoplasmosis infection had a positive commercial laboratory IgM result. The false positive rate for the commercial laboratory IgM was 88.6% and the diagnostic
indices were sensitivity 100%, specificity 11.4%, positive predictive value 6% and negative predictive value 100%.Conclusion. Commercial laboratory Toxoplasmosis‐specific IgM is associated with a high false positive rate. The commercial and reference laboratory IgM results identified all cases of acute toxoplasmosis infection. Commercial laboratories reflexively obtaining reference laboratory confirmation of positive results could reduce costs associated with testing, referrals, retesting, and invasive procedures.
Mode of Action of Lactocin 160, a Bacteriocin From Vaginal Lactobacillus rhamnosus
Authors: Li Jie , Aroutcheva Alla A. , Faro Sebastian , Chikindas Michael L. 
Published: September 2005

Objectives. To determine the mechanism of antimicrobial action of lactocin 160, a bacteriocin produced by the healthy vaginal strain of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, using an established model, with Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10420 as a test organism.Methods. Sensitivity of M. luteus to lactocin 160 was determined by the diffusion assay. Loss of cellular ATP in the lactocintreated cells was elucidated using a commercially available ATP determination kit (luciferin‐luciferase bioluminescence assay). Luminescence intensity as a reflection of ATP quantity was determined using a luminometer. Dissipation of membrane potential (Δψ) was studied using fluorophoreDiSC3(5) with the fluorescence spectrum sensitive to changes in Δψ.Results. Lactocin 160 inhibited growth of M. luteus ATCC 10420 at a concentration of 5 μg/ml. There were no significant changes in the intracellular ATP level of M. luteus upon the addition of 20 μg/ml of lactocin 160. However, the extracellular ATP level increased significantly. This means that the treatment of cells with lactocin 160 resulted in an efflux of ATP from inside the cells. Therefore, a partially purified lactocin 160 preparation (16 μg /ml of the bacteriocin in the sample) killed sensitive cells and dissipated 3.12±0.36% of Δψ.Conclusion. Lactocin 160 has a mode of action typical for bacteriocins. It disturbs the cellular membrane (Δψ dissipation) and induces ATP efflux, most likely because of the pore formation, which is a common mechanism of action for many bacteriocins.