bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA content of granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes in the bone marrow smears of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Widell Susanne , Hast Robert , Cox Christopher , Auer Gert , Bennett John M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractRecently, we have reported a high incidence of DNA hypodiploidy defined as DNA index (DI) in blasts/promyelocytes from 39 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) found to be without a relationship to cytogenetics. In the present study the DNA content (DI) in granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes measured in the same bone marrow smears from the above patients are reported. DNA hypodiploidy was found in mature cells, not only in myeloid cells (granulocytes and monocytes) but also in lymphocytes. A lower mean DI in each cell type of patients compared to controls was found. Pairwise comparison of the mean DI (±SE) in 32 patients with normal (n = 22) and abnormal (n = 10) cytogenetics and controls (n = 8) showed a significantly (P < 0.01) lower value for each group of patients, respectively, in all cell types. No difference was found between the two groups of patients. Presence of weak‐Feulgen stained nuclei (DI < 0.40) in granulocytes and monocytes was more pronounced in patients expressing DNA hypodiploid immature cell populations, but only occasionally in lymphocytes, suggesting a link to an apoptotic event and intramedullary cell death. DNA hypodiploidy is shown to be a common feature even in mature cell populations in MDS bone marrows. Clonality, by means of DNA content, appears reasonable as regards the granulocytes and monocytes. DNA hypodiploid lymphocytes, on the other hand, might be small blasts (stem cells) or dying cell populations of unknown origin. Am. J. Hematol. 67:112–118, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factor IX gene polymorphisms in Indian population
Authors: Chowdhury Madhumita Roy , Kabra Madhulika , Menon P.S.N. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractHemophilia B is an X‐linked, recessive disorder of hemostasis, caused by a defect in coagulation factor IX. To date, several restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) have been identified within the gene for human factor IX. The incidence of these RFLPs differs significantly in different populations. In the present study, we analyzed the heterozygosity frequency and the allele frequency of three common intra‐ and extragenic polymorphic sites of the factor IX gene in Indian population. The main objective was to test the informativeness of two intragenic markers Dde I and Xmn I and one extragenic marker Hha I for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis. The method used was polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and RFLP, which is economical yet simple to perform. In Indian population Dde I marker showed an informativeness of 69.0% followed by 38.0% for Hha I and 23.0% for Xmn I. The cumulative informativeness of these three markers was found to be 80 to 82%. A comparison of the heterozygosity rates of these three markers with the other ethnic groups showed that Indian population had almost similar pattern with the Caucasians and American blacks but differed significantly from the Orientals including Japanese, Chinese and Malays. Am. J. Hematol. 68:246–248, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High levels of habitual physical activity in west african adolescent girls and relationship to maturation, growth, and nutritional status: Results from a 3‐year prospective study
Authors: Bénéfice Eric , Garnier Denis , Ndiaye Gnagna 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis study examines energy expenditure and physical activity levels for a sample of 40 adolescent girls of the Sereer ethnic group of rural Senegal. The girls were 13.3 ± 0.5 years at the start of the study (June 1997) and were followed annually for the next 2 years during puberty. Data collected during each round included: 1) pubertal status (as assessed by breast development and occurrence of menarche); 2) selected anthropometric dimensions (weight, stature, arm circumference, and six skinfolds); and 3) physical activity levels quantitatively assessed using CSA accelerometers. During rounds 1 and 3, activity was also qualitatively reported by direct minute‐by‐minute observations. A food consumption survey was performed once during the 3rd round, using an individual food weighing method. Girls of this sample had high levels of energy expenditure with daily physical activity levels (PALs) ranging from 1.70 to 1.85 multiples of basal metabolic rate. Energy intakes were, on average, sufficient to meet energy and protein requirements, although micronutrient deficiencies were likely to exist. Activity levels declined with age between the 1st and 3rd rounds. Stepwise regression analyses showed that stature was negatively correlated with both total daily and day‐time activity, whereas the body mass index was positively associated with this measure. Pubertal status and subcutaneous fatness were not significant predictors of activity levels. The contribution of these adolescent girls to the everyday tasks of the household was considerable. They spent more than 3 hours 30 minutes per day in domestic duties. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:808–820, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phylogeny of lion tamarins (Leontopithecusspp) based on interphotoreceptor retinol binding protein intron sequences
Authors: Mundy Nicholas I. , Kelly Joanne 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe evolutionary relationships of the lion tamarins (Leontopithecus) were investigated using nuclear interphotoreceptor retinol binding protein (IRBP) intron sequences. Phylogenetic reconstructions strongly support the monophyly of the genus, and a sister relationship between the golden lion tamarin,Leontopithecus rosalia, and the black lion tamarin,L. chrysopygus, to the exclusion of the golden‐headed lion tamarin,L. chrysomelas. The most parsimonious evolutionary reconstruction suggests that the ancestral lion tamarin and the common ancestor ofL. rosaliaandL. chrysopygushad predominantly black coats. This reconstruction is not consistent with a theory of orthogenetic evolution of coat color that was based on coat color evolution in marmosets and tamarins. An alternative reconstruction that is consistent with metachromism requires that ancestral lion tamarins had agouti hairs. Am. J. Primatol. 54:33–40, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noninstrumented enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay for detection of early pregnancy in macaques
Authors: Shimizu Keiko , Lohstroh Peter N. , Laughlin Lisa S. , Gee Nancy A. , Todd Heather , Shideler Susan E. , Lasley Bill L. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA practical, noninstrumented enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay (NELISA) for the measurement of urinary monkey chorionic gonadotropin (mCG) has been developed for the detection of early pregnancy in macaque monkeys for use in both the laboratory and the field. Five rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and six crab‐eating monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were tested for the presence of mCG in urine on gestational days (GDs) 12 to 35. The mCG NELISA detected pregnancy as early as GD 14, with an average earliest detection at GD 16.5 ± 1.4 (n = 11). Out of 90 tests, 27 false‐negative and zero false‐positive tests were obtained, for an accuracy of 70.0%. Without the aid of a spectrophotometer, the presence of mCG in pregnant monkey samples was indicated by a dark green color change. Nonpregnant monkey urine samples, on the other hand, exhibited no color change. These findings suggest that the simple, economical, and reliable urinary mCG NELISA may be useful for diagnosing early pregnancy in these and related species. Because capture and restraint are unnecessary for collecting urine samples, the mCG NELISA has widespread potential for confined and free‐ranging animals. Am. J. Primatol. 54:57–62, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteomic comparison of human and great ape blood plasma reveals conserved glycosylation and differences in thyroid hormone metabolism
Authors: Gagneux Pascal , Amess Bob , Diaz Sandra , Moore Stephen , Patel Thakor , Dillmann Wolfgang , Parekh Raj , Varki Ajit 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMost blood plasma proteins are glycosylated. These glycoproteins typically carry sialic acid‐bearing sugar chains, which can modify the observed molecular weights and isoelectric points of those proteins during electrophoretic analyses. To explore changes in protein expression and glycosylation that occurred during great ape and human evolution, we subjected multiple blood plasma samples from all these species to high‐resolution proteomic analysis. We found very few species‐specific differences, indicating a remarkable degree of conservation of plasma protein expression and glycosylation during ∼12 million years of evolution. A few lineage‐specific differences in protein migration were noted among the great apes. The only obvious differences between humans and all great apes were an apparent decrease in transthyretin (prealbumin) and a change in haptoglobin isoforms (the latter was predictable from prior genetic studies). Quantitative studies of transthyretin in samples of blood plasma (synthesized primarily by the liver) and of cerebrospinal fluid (synthesized locally by the choroid plexus of the brain) confirmed ∼2‐fold higher levels in chimpanzees compared to humans. Since transthyretin binds thyroid hormones, we next compared plasma thyroid hormone parameters between humans and chimpanzees. The results indicate significant differences in the status of thyroid hormone metabolism, which represent the first known endocrine difference between these species. Notably, thyroid hormones are known to play major roles in the development, differentiation, and metabolism of many organs and tissues, including the brain and the cranium. Also, transthyretin is known to be the major carrier of thyroid hormone in the cerebrospinal fluid, likely regulating delivery of this hormone to the brain. A potential secondary difference in retinoid (vitamin A) metabolism is also noted. The implications of these findings for explaining unique features of human evolution are discussed. Am J Phys Anthropol 115:99–109, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA diversity and population admixture in Anatolia
Authors: Di Benedetto Giulietta , Ergüven Ayşe , Stenico Michele , Castrfi Loredana , Bertorelle Giorgio , Togan Inci , Barbujani Guido 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe Turkic language was introduced in Anatolia at the start of this millennium, by nomadic Turkmen groups from Central Asia. Whether that cultural transition also had significant population‐genetics consequences is not fully understood. Three nuclear microsatellite loci, the hypervariable region I of the mitochondrial genome, six microsatellite loci of the Y chromosome, and one Alu insertion (YAP) were amplified and typed in 118 individuals from four populations of Anatolia. For each locus, the number of chromosomes considered varied between 51–200. Genetic variation was large within samples, and much less so between them. The contribution of Central Asian genes to the current Anatolian gene pool was quantified using three different methods, considering for comparison populations of Mediterranean Europe, and Turkic‐speaking populations of Central Asia. The most reliable estimates suggest roughly 30% Central Asian admixture for both mitochondrial and Y‐chromosome loci. That (admittedly approximate) figure is compatible both with a substantial immigration accompanying the arrival of the Turkmen armies (which is not historically documented), and with continuous gene flow from Asia into Anatolia, at a rate of 1% for 40 generations. Because a military invasion is expected to more deeply affect the male gene pool, similar estimates of admixture for female‐ and male‐transmitted traits are easier to reconcile with continuous migratory contacts between Anatolia and its Asian neighbors, perhaps facilitated by the disappearance of a linguistic barrier between them. Am J Phys Anthropol 115:144–156, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of organotin compounds on trout AMP‐deaminases
Authors: Gabbianelli R. , Falcioni G. , Lupidi G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe comparative toxicity of the organotin compounds tributyltin chloride (TBTC), dibutylin dichloride (DBTC) and monobutyltin trichloride (MBTC) was investigated on 5′ adenylic acid deaminase (AMP‐deaminase) purified from trout skeletal muscle and heart. Treatment with TBTC of both enzymatic forms of AMP‐deaminase rapidly decreases the enzyme activity, and the organotin derivatives DBTC and MBTC have a significant minor inhibitory effect. Differences were observed in TBTC inhibition rate between trout muscle and heart purified enzymes that could be related to the different cellular localization of the two AMP‐deaminases. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanisms and molecules in motor neuron specification and axon pathfinding
Authors: Jacob John , Hacker Adam , Guthrie Sarah 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe vertebrate nervous system performs the most complex functions of any organ system. This feat is mediated by dedicated assemblies of neurons that must be precisely connected to one another and to peripheral tissues during embryonic development. Motor neurons, which innervate muscle and regulate autonomic functions, form an integral part of this neural circuitry. The first part of this review describes the remarkable progress in our understanding of motor neuron differentiation, which is arguably the best understood model of neuronal differentiation to date. During development, the coordinate actions of inductive signals from adjacent non‐neural tissues initiate the differentiation of distinct motor neuron subclasses, with specific projection patterns, at stereotypical locations within the neural tube. Underlying this specialisation is the expression of specific homeodomain proteins, which act combinatorially to confer motor neurons with both their generic and subtype‐specific properties. Ensuring that specific motor neuron subtypes innervate the correct target structure, however, requires precise motor axon guidance mechanisms. The second half of this review focuses on how distinct motor neuron subtypes pursue highly specific projection patterns by responding differentially to spatially discrete attractive and repulsive molecular cues. The tight link between motor neuron specification and axon pathfinding appears to be established by the dominant role of homeodomain proteins in dictating the ways that navigating motor axons interpret the plethora of guidance cues impinging on growth cones. BioEssays 23:582–595, 2001. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
FTIR microspectroscopy study of composition fluctuations in extruded amylopectin–gelatin blends
Authors: Mousia Z. , Farhat I. A. , Pearson M. , Chesters M. A. , Mitchell J. R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe spatial variation in the composition of nonexpanded biopolymer blends prepared by extrusion of mixtures of gelatin with either native or pregelatinized waxy maize starch was studied using a 30‐μm aperture FTIR microspectroscopy technique. The ratio of the areas of the “saccharide” bands (953–1180 cm−1) and the amide I and II bands (1483–1750 cm−1) was used to monitor the relative distributions of the two components of the blend. Two calibration methods were used to obtain amylopectin concentration values from the ratios of the IR bands. The results suggested a high degree of heterogeneity in these blends, despite the thorough mixing expected by twin‐screw extrusion processing. The concentration fluctuations were greater for the blends produced by extruding gelatin and native waxy maize starch mixtures. This was in agreement with the reduced degree of conversion of the starch granules when extruded in the presence of gelatin. The FTIR 2‐dimensional maps obtained suggested that in the blends produced from either native or pregelatinized starch at all concentrations studied (25/75, 50/50, and 75/25 amylopectin/gelatin) the gelatin constituted the continuous phase. The effect of the spatial resolution on the FTIR microspectroscopy results was considered and the proposed interpretation was verified by the use of polarized light microscopy and FTIR microspectroscopy acquired at higher spatial resolution (10 μm). © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 62: 208–218, 2001
Determination of terbinafine hydrochloride in cat hair by two chromatographic methods
Authors: Kuz̆ner Jernej , Koz̆uh Erz̆en Nevenka , Drobnic̆‐Kos̆orok Marinka 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTerbinafine hydrochloride (terbHCl) concentration on the site of infection with Microsporum canis is a very important indicator of drug effectiveness. Several chromatographic methods exist that can be used for the determination of terbHCl concentration in biological samples. A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method and a gas chromatographic (GC) method have been compared and critically evaluated for the determination of a terbHCl levels in cat hair. The sensitivity and the linearity of the previously developed HPLC method were 0.25 ng/mL and 0.25–3000 ng/mL, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.01 µg/g of terbHCl in cat hair, and reproducibility of 96.6% and recovery of 93.8% were achieved using appropriate sample pre‐treatment and optimal chromatographic conditions. The sensitivity of the GC method, 25 ng/mL (LOQ 625 ppb), was much lower than that of the HPLC method. The GC method still enables determination of terbHCl in a range of concentrations in cat hair. The reproducibility of terbHCl for the cat hair samples was 95.3% and the recovery was only 70.0%. Both methods can be used for the evaluation of drug effectiveness in cats and both of them require only basic chromatographic equipment that can be found in most analytical laboratories. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of amino acid enantiomers in human urine and blood serum by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Brückner Hans , Schieber Andreas 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAmino acid (AA) enantiomers were determined as N(O)‐pentafluoropropionyl‐(2)‐propyl esters by chiral gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) in 24 h samples of the urine of three healthy volunteers and in their blood sera. In urine the largest amounts were determined for D‐Ser (64–199 µmol/day) and D‐Ala (24–138 µmol/day). In blood sera, D‐Ala (2.3–4.2 µmol/L) and D‐Ser (1.0–2.9 µmol/L) were most abundant. Varying amounts of the D‐enantiomers of Thr, Pro, Asx, Glx, Phe, Tyr, Orn and Lys were also found, albeit not in all urines and sera. Further, enantiomers were quantified in urine samples of two volunteers fasting for 115 h. Quantities of renally excreted D‐AAs decreased in fasting, although amounts of D‐Ser (69 and 77 µmol/L urine) as well as other D‐AAs were still detectable. Time‐dependent analyses of urine showed that D‐AAs are continuously excreted. Copyright ­© 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Not bound by the law: Legal disobedience in Israeli society
Authors: Rattner Arye , Yagil Dana , Pedahzur Ami 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe issue of whether there is a ‘prima facie obligation to obey the law’ has intrigued human society since the days of Socrates. However, most of the writings in this field have dealt with theoretical aspects of the issue, such as the boundaries of legal obedience and frameworks defining the circumstances under which a citizen is not obliged to obey the law. Very few studies have investigated the phenomenon of legal disobedience empirically. The current study is based on a survey of Israeli citizens belonging to three sectors of the population (Jews in the general population, Israeli Arabs, and orthodox Jewish students enrolled in religious yeshiva seminaries). Respondents' attitudes towards the judicial system, the rule of law, and the duty to obey state laws were examined by means of a questionnaire especially designed for the study. The findings point to gaps between the three groups: Compared to the Arab population and the yeshiva students, support for state laws and the rule of law was stronger among Jews in the general population and, conversely, belief in the supremacy of other laws (i.e. religious laws) over state laws and readiness to take the law into one's own hands were stronger among the Arabs and the yeshiva students, compared to the general Jewish population. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comment on a recently proposed resampling method
Authors: Faber Nicolaas (Klaas) M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA recently introduced resampling method for determining the contribution of measurement errors to the standard error in bilinear and trilinear model estimates is critically examined. Using Monte Carlo simulations, it is shown that this method does not work as intended. A noise addition method is proposed as a generally applicable alternative. The principles involved in applied work are illustrated on real UV‐vis data taken from the literature. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of new pryridyl alcohols and their use as catalysts in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes
Authors: Xu Qianyong , Wu Xiaoming , Pan Xinfu , Chan Albert S. C. , Yang Teng‐Kuei 
Published: September 2002

AbstractOptically active new pyridyl alcohols 1–4, which can be easily synthesized by the reaction of (+)‐camphor or (−)‐menthone with lithiated pyridine derivatives, were applied as chiral ligands in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes. Good yields with up to 94.0%enantiomeric excesses were observed in these reactions. Chirality 14:28–31, 2002. ©2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enantiomeric separation of drugs and herbicides on a β‐cyclodextrin‐bonded stationary phase
Authors: Tazerouti Fairouz , Yacine Badjah‐Hadj‐Ahmed Ahmed , Youcef Meklati Brahim , Franco Pilar , Minguillon Cristina 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA chemically bonded β‐cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase for HPLC was prepared in a “one pot” process by the reaction of a phenylated β‐cyclodextrin with silica gel. Various racemic analytes such as drugs (aminoalcohol adrenergic β‐blockers, benzodiazepine anxiolytics, arylpropionic acid antiinflammatory agents) and herbicides (aryloxypropionic acids and esters) were separated on the prepared material. The column showed good chiral recognition ability for most of the solutes tested when using heptane and either 2‐propanol or chloroform as organic mobile phase modifiers. Chirality 14:59–66, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of absolute configuration of 1,3‐diols by the modified Mosher's method using their di‐MTPA esters
Authors: Konno Katsuhiro , Fujishima Toshie , Liu Zhaopeng , Takayama Hiroaki 
Published: September 2002

Abstract1,3‐Diols are frequently involved in biologically important compounds and, therefore, determination of the stereochemistry of these structural elements, in particular those in acyclic systems, has been one of the focuses of attention in natural products chemistry. The modified Mosher's method, commonly used for the determination of the absolute configuration of secondary alcohols, was applied to determine the absolute configuration of 1,3‐diols with their di‐MTPA esters. Several epimeric pairs of syn‐ and anti‐1,3‐diols with known absolute configurations were converted to the corresponding di‐MTPA esters and the iDelta;δ values were then calculated. For the acyclic syn‐1,3‐diols, the iDelta;δ values were systematically arranged as predicted from the basic concept of the modified Mosher's method, demonstrating that the method is valid for these compounds. In contrast, the iDelta;δ values were irregularly arranged for the acyclic anti‐1,3‐diols and, accordingly, this method is not valid for these cases. These results are complementary to those of the previously reported CD exciton chirality method and, hence, the combined use of the modified Mosher's method and the CD exciton chirality method can determine the absolute configuration of the acyclic 1,3‐diols. Also, this method is successfully applicable to cyclic 1,3‐diols irrespective of their relative stereochemistry. Chirality: 14:72–80, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.