bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACE I/D and AGT Met235Thr Polymorphisms Distinctly Affect Biomarker Levels and Risk of AKI and Exertional Rhabdomyolysis After Intense Exercise
Authors: Cruz Ayexa , Gomes Diego , Verdan Cintia , Branquinho Jessica , Xavier Michele , Kirsztajn Gianna , Guedes Miranda Dos Santos Caleb , Pesquero João Bosco , Carneiro Andreia 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) is one of the severe complications attributable to prolonged and repeated muscle exercises and is most commonly seen in military personnel and elite athletes. In military personnel, ER usually results from the long and strenuous nature of military training and may sometimes result in severe outcomes, such as acute kidney injury (AKI) and cardiac arrhythmias. Besides, muscle tissue injuries impair physical function, decreasing strength and flexibility and delaying muscle soreness and inflammation. The existing literature has studied genetic polymorphisms related to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, such as AGT*Met235Thr (rs699) and ACE I/D (rs1799752), and clinical chemistry-related markers about their influence on athletic performance and injury prevention from exercise-induced trauma. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between the ACE (rs1799752) and AGT (rs699) gene polymorphisms and the increased susceptibility to exertional rhabdomyolysis risk (ERR) and AKI induced by strenuous exercise in military personnel.

Materials and Methods
Sixty-four male volunteers from the Brazilian Marine Corps who were sent on the Sandstorm mission in 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2022 were enrolled in the study. Blood and urine samples were collected from the participants before and immediately after the mission.

Results
After physical exercise, 54 of 64 individuals (84%) were positive for ER. Of these, 13 participants (24%) were positive for AKI, representing 20% of the whole group. AKI was more frequent in T allele carriers, as 13 of 14 positive findings belonged to the MT + TT group, while only one case occurred in MM (approaching significance at P = .063). A significant postexercise increase in serum creatinine (CRE) levels was observed for carriers of I (II + ID) and T (MT + TT) alleles (P = .008 and P = .028, respectively), with a significantly higher ΔCRE in the (II + ID) group compared to the DD group (P = .001).

Conclusion
These findings suggest that the ACE I/D and AGT M235T polymorphisms might be related to an increased risk for AKI following intensive, mixed-type exercise in military personnel.
Utility of Mucorales polymerase chain reaction to diagnose Rhizomucor infections in neutropenic patients
Authors: Pfister Elliot , Brousse Xavier , Blanchard Elodie , Issa Nahema , Gabriel Frederic , Jubert Charlotte , Kaminski Hannah , Forcade Edouard , Dumas Pierre-Yves , Delhaes Laurence , Lefranc Maxime , Imbert Sebastien 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Mucormycoses are life-threatening infections related to fungi from the Mucorales order. Based on fungal culture, the most frequently involved genera are Rhizopus spp., Mucor spp., or Lichtheimia spp. However, since the introduction of Mucorales polymerase chain reaction (PCR), many diagnoses have been made without positive fungal culture, biasing mucormycosis epidemiology. We conducted a single-centre retrospective observational study on invasive mucormycosis cases diagnosed between April 2020 and December 2022. Cases were classified according to EORTC/MSGERC definitions, adding a ‘PCR-only’ category for patients with a positive Mucorales PCR as the only mycological evidence. Genus/species identification was obtained by sequencing the Mucorales 18S rDNA directly on Mucorales PCR-positive samples. We identified 35 cases of mucormycosis, including 6 proven, 7 probable, and 22 ‘PCR-only’. Genus/species identification was achievable in 34 cases and surprisingly revealed the genus Rhizomucor as the main aetiological agent (n = 14, 41.2%). Interestingly, all the Rhizomucor infections, except one, were classified as ‘PCR-only’, while fungal culture was positive in 11/20 (55%) for other Mucorales genera (P &lt;.001). Moreover, in comparison with other genera, the genus Rhizomucor was significantly more associated with neutropenia (11/14 [78.6%] vs. 2/20 [10%], P &lt; .0001) and pulmonary localizations (11/14 [78.6%] vs. 6/20 [30%], P = .01). Our study reveals the changing epidemiology of mucormycosis in our centre with the use of Mucorales PCR and underlines the importance of the genus Rhizomucor, especially in neutropenic patients. This highlights the benefits of using Mucorales PCR in clinical practice for mucormycosis diagnosis in high-risk patients and the need to include it in diagnostic criteria.
Ensemble noise properties of the European Pulsar Timing Array
Authors: Goncharov Boris , Sardana Shubhit 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
The null hypothesis in Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) analyses includes assumptions about ensemble properties of pulsar time-correlated noise. These properties are encoded in prior probabilities for the amplitude and the spectral index of the power-law power spectral density of temporal correlations of the noise. Because multiple realizations of time-correlated noise processes are found in pulsars, these ensemble noise properties could and should be modelled in the full-PTA observations by parametrizing the respective prior distributions using the so-called hyperparameters. This approach is known as the hierarchical Bayesian inference. In this work, we introduce a new procedure for numerical marginalization over hyperparameters. The procedure may be used in searches for nanohertz gravitational waves and other PTA analyses to resolve prior misspecification at negligible computational cost. Furthermore, we infer the distribution of amplitudes and spectral indices of the power spectral density of spin noise and dispersion measure variation noise based on the observation of 25 millisecond pulsars by the European Pulsar Timing Array. Our results may be used for the simulation of realistic noise in PTAs.
Evolution of molecular clouds on galaxy-cloud scale revealed by gravitational network analysis: high-mass clouds may deplete nearby gas via accretion or merging
Authors: Zhou J W , Li Guang-Xing 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Observations show that molecular gas in spiral galaxies is organized into a network of interconnected systems through the gravitational coupling of multiscale hub-filament structures. Building on this picture, we model molecular gas in the galaxy NGC 628 as a gravitational network, where molecular clouds are represented as nodes. Through analysing this network, we can characterize both the gravitational interactions and the physical properties of the clouds using geometry-based network metrics. A strong correlation is observed between the geometric and physical properties of the nodes (clouds). High-mass clouds tend to exhibit less clustering and greater average separations, suggesting that they generally have fewer neighbours. During their formation and evolution, high-mass clouds may deplete nearby gas via accretion or merging, leading to more isolated characteristics within the network. This aligns with observations showing a decrease in the virial ratio of molecular clouds as their mass increases. For clouds at different evolutionary stages, less evolved clouds with lower mass are typically found in tighter gravitational subnetworks, with closer proximity to neighbouring clouds. As a result, they are more prone to accretion or merging during evolution.
Deciphering the Foundations of Mitochondrial Mutational Spectra: Replication-Driven and Damage-Induced Signatures Across Chordate Classes
Authors: Iliushchenko Dmitrii , Efimenko Bogdan , Mikhailova Alina G , Shamanskiy Victor , Saparbaev Murat K , Matkarimov Bakhyt T , Mazunin Ilya , Voronka Alexandr , Knorre Dmitry , Kunz Wolfram S , Kapranov Philipp , Denisov Stepan , Fellay Jacques , Khrapko Konstantin , Gunbin Konstantin , Popadin Konstantin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutagenesis remains poorly understood despite its crucial role in disease, aging, and evolutionary tracing. In this study, we reconstructed a comprehensive 192-component mtDNA mutational spectrum for chordates by analyzing 118,397 synonymous mutations in the CytB gene across 1,697 species and five classes. This analysis revealed three primary forces shaping mtDNA mutagenesis: (i) symmetrical, replication-driven errors by mitochondrial polymerase (POLG), resulting in C &gt; T and A &gt; G mutations that are highly conserved across classes; (ii) asymmetrical, damage-driven C &gt; T mutations on the single-stranded heavy strand with clock-like dynamics; and (iii) asymmetrical A &gt; G mutations on the heavy strand, with dynamics suggesting sensitivity to oxidative damage. The third component, sensitive to oxidative damage, positions mtDNA mutagenesis as a promising marker for metabolic and physiological processes across various classes, species, organisms, tissues, and cells. The deconvolution of the mutational spectra into mutational signatures uncovered deficiencies in both base excision repair (BER) and mismatch repair (MMR) pathways. Further analysis of mutation hotspots, abasic sites, and mutational asymmetries underscores the critical role of single-stranded DNA damage (components ii and iii), which, uncorrected due to BER and MMR deficiencies, contributes roughly as many mutations as POLG-induced errors (component i).
Frequent detection of antinuclear antibodies and low-titre rheumatoid factor in female patients with undifferentiated peripheral spondyloarthritis in Japan: A prospective observational study
Authors: Mokuda Sho , Kobayashi Hiroki , Araki Kei , Ishitoku Michinori , Watanabe Hirofumi , Sugimoto Tomohiro , Yoshida Yusuke , Hirata Shintaro 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Studies on the clinical features of undifferentiated peripheral spondyloarthritis (upSpA) are limited. This study explores sex-based manifestations of upSpA and compares upSpA with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) under conditions of low human leukocyte antigen B27 positivity in Japan.

Methods
In this multicentre prospective observational study, physical and laboratory findings from 29 upSpA cases (19 females, 10 males) were collected to investigate sex differences. Fourteen patients with RA were also enrolled as a control group to evaluate clinical parameters distinguishing upSpA and RA.

Results
Tenderness at the humeral epicondyles and the Achilles tendon were more common in female patients with upSpA than in males. Serum C-reactive protein levels were lower in female patients with upSpA than in male patients. Serum rheumatoid factor levels were lower in upSpA cases than in RA, with a cut-off value of 84 IU/ml differentiating RA from upSpA. An antinuclear antibodies (ANA) test at a dilution of ≥1:160 was detected in about half of the female upSpA cases but not in male cases.

Conclusions
Among upSpA and RA cases, female patients with upSpA frequently present with multiple enthesitis, low serum C-reactive protein levels, low-titre rheumatoid factor positivity, and a high incidence of antinuclear antibodies positivity.
Telemedicine Offers Solutions for the Rural Disparities in Infectious Disease (ID) Care Delivery
Authors: Perez Christian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the United States, there is a growing shortage of infectious diseases (ID) physicians that highlights disparity between rural versus urban ID expertise resulting in a healthcare gap with significant consequences for patients unable to have ID directed care available to them. Telemedicine is a crucial modality of healthcare that can be used to bridge that gap by providing quality care consistent with outcomes for inpatient ID service models, while also serving as a tool for much greater geographic coverage by a single ID physician. As a specialty, we must embrace telemedicine for the good of our patients, whose local communities may not have access to ID care, and to create the incentive of broader community impact for potential entrants into the ID field.
Enhancing Hepatitis C Virus Testing, Linkage to Care, and Treatment Commencement in Hospitals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mathews Rebecca , Shen Claudia , Traeger Michael W , O’Brien Helen M , Roder Christine , Hellard Margaret E , Doyle Joseph S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The hospital-led interventions yielding the best hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing and treatment uptake are poorly understood.

Methods
We searched Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases for studies assessing outcomes of hospital-led interventions for HCV antibody or RNA testing uptake, linkage to care, or direct-acting antiviral commencement compared with usual care, a historical comparator, or control group. We systematically reviewed hospital-led interventions delivered in inpatient units, outpatient clinics, or emergency departments. Random-effects meta-analysis estimated pooled odds ratios [pORs] measuring associations between interventions and outcomes. Subgroup analyses explored outcomes by intervention type.

Results
A total of 7872 abstracts were screened with 23 studies included. Twelve studies (222 868 participants) reported antibody testing uptake, 5 (n = 4987) reported RNA testing uptake, 7 (n = 3185) reported linkage to care, and 4 (n = 1344) reported treatment commencement. Hospital-led interventions were associated with increased antibody testing uptake (pOR, 5.83 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.49–13.61]; I2 = 99.9%), RNA testing uptake (pOR, 10.65 [95% CI, 1.70–66.50]; I2 = 97.9%), and linkage to care (pOR, 1.75 [95% CI, 1.10–2.79]; I2 = 79.9%) when data were pooled and assessed against comparators. Automated opt-out testing (5 studies: pOR, 16.13 [95% CI, 3.35–77.66]), reflex RNA testing (4 studies: pOR, 25.04 [95% CI, 3.63–172.7]), and care coordination and financial incentives (4 studies: pOR, 2.73 [95% CI, 1.85–4.03]) showed the greatest increases in antibody and RNA testing uptake and linkage to care, respectively. No intervention increased uptake at all care cascade steps.

Conclusions
Automated antibody and reflex RNA testing increase HCV testing uptake in hospitals but have limited impact on linkage to treatment. Other interventions promoting linkage must be explored.
The Stealth and Potentially Fatal Nature of Kingella kingae Outbreaks in Daycare Facilities
Authors: Yagupsky Pablo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Although Kingella kingae infections are usually sporadic, outbreaks of K. kingae disease have been reported. Outbreaks of invasive K. kingae infections in daycare centers were searched through the Pubmed database. Twenty-seven outbreaks have been detected in North America, Western Europe, and Israel. The median age of the 72 affected attendees was 14 months, and the attack rate was 18%. Osteoarthritis was diagnosed in 66 (92%) attendees, and endocarditis in 3 (4%), 2 of whom died. A high prevalence of the invasive strains was found among asymptomatic classmates. Genomic analysis of the available strains identified the highly invasive sequence-type complexes 23/25, 14, or 6 in 12 of 13 (92%) outbreaks. Kingella kingae strains causing daycare outbreaks exhibit enhanced colonization, transmissibility, and virulence. Increased awareness of this emerging public health problem and the use of molecular diagnostic methods are recommended for early identification of outbreaks and prevention of fatal outcomes.
Noun Class and Gender Systems
Authors: Aikhenvald Alexandra Y 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Noun Classes And Genders are grammaticalized agreement systems which correlate-at least in part-with certain semantic characteristics (particularly in the domain of human and animate referents). They are sometimes caled concordial classes; they include grammaticalized ‘gender’ systems of the Indo-European type. They are realized outside the noun itself, usually on modifiers which most often include adjectives, but may also include modifiers from closed classes (demonstratives, interrogatives, possessives, etc). They can also be realized outside the noun phrase, i.e. be marked on the predicate, or even on adverbs. Some languages have a special smallish set of noun classes/genders restricted to closed classes of modifiers (demon stratives, and others) along with a different set which appears on modifiers from other classes. A terminological clarification is in order. The term GENDER was first used in the 5th century BC by the Greek philosopher Protagoras, when he divided Greek nouns into three classes: ‘feminine’, ‘masculine’, and ‘in animate’ (nowadays called ‘neuter’). This is a typical gender system, which is found in many lndo-European languages. Latin had a similar system; later, neuter nouns were redistributed between the other two genders, giving the modern system of masculine and feminine in French and Italian.
Classifiers in Possessive Constructions
Authors: Aikhenvald Alexandra Y 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
There are three ways of categorizing nouns in possessive constructions and these correspond to three kinds of noun categorization devices. The choice of classifiers in possessive constructions can be determined by the nature of the referent of the possessed noun in terms of its animacy, shape, form, etc. {cf. Craig forthcoming: 32; 1992). I shall call these classifiers ‘possessed’ classifiers {see §5.2). Categorizing the semantic nature of a relation between the possessee and the possessor in a possessive construction. The choice of possessive marker can be determined by the way the possessor handles or owns or otherwise relates to the possessee. I shall call this type of categorization ‘relational’ classifiers, following Lichtenberk (1983a: 148): ‘The crucial property of relational classifiers is that their use is determined ... by the semantic relation between two linguistic elements’, e.g., how the possessor might use the possessed.
Verbal Classifiers
Authors: Aikhenvald Alexandra Y 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Verbal classifiers appear on the verb,categorizing the referent of its argument in terms of its shape consistency,size,structure,position,and animacy .Verbal classifiers always refer to a predicate argument (usually, S in an intransitive or O in a semantic Every noun in a language does not necessarily require a verbal classifier; some nouns may be associated with more than one classifier.
Association between cerebral small vessel disease and periodic limb movements of sleep in patients with stroke/TIA
Authors: Veitch Matthew R , AlHamid May Adel , Muir Ryan T , Dharmakulaseelan Laavanya , Ramirez Joel R , Gao Fuqiang , Swartz Richard H , Murray Brian J , Black Sandra E , Boulos Mark I 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Study Objectives
Periodic limb movements (PLMs) of sleep, which may be linked to increased vascular events via nighttime sympathetic overactivity, have shown associations with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) in small studies. This study examined the relationship between PLMs and CSVD in a larger cohort, accounting for comorbidities.

Methods
Patients with first-ever stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) were retrospectively analyzed. Polysomnography assessed the PLM index (PLMI) and PLM arousal index (PLMAI). CSVD was measured using radiographic markers, including the Fazekas score, total age-related white matter changes (ARWMC) score, microbleed counts, and lacunar infarcts. Multivariable regression models analyzed the association between an elevated PLMI and PLMAI with CSVD markers.

Results
This study included 86 patients (mean age 62.2 ± 14.3 years, 66.3% male, mean BMI 28.1 ± 5.7), 36 with a PLMI ≥ 5 (41.9%) and 11 with a PLMAI ≥ 5 (12.8%). Regression analyses showed that PLMI ≥ 5 and PLMAI ≥ 5 both predicted increased Fazekas and ARWMC total scores after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and other comorbidities. Sensitivity analyses using age- and sex-specific PLMI cutoffs also showed that a PLMI exceeding the upper limit of normal predicted an increased Fazekas score and approached significance for the ARWMC score. PLMI was not significantly associated with cerebral microbleeds or lacunar infarcts.

Conclusions
In patients with first-ever minor stroke and TIA, a significant association was observed between PLMI and PLMAI with white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) after adjusting for confounders. Future studies may help determine the directionality of this association and whether PLMs independently predict CSVD.

Clinical Trial Information
Name: Sleep Disorders Managed and Assessed Rapidly in Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) and In Early Stroke (SMARTIES). URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01528462 ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01528462. Name: SLEep APnea Screening Using Mobile Ambulatory Recorders After TIA/Stroke (SLEAP SMART). URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02454023. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02454023.
Substantial gifts and unilateral transactions in favour of fiduciaries: the restoration of abuse of confidence
Authors: McLeod Gavin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
There is a strict obligation upon fiduciaries who receive substantial gifts in unilateral transactions with their principals to demonstrate the fairness of their receipt by showing that independent and sufficient advice was taken before the transaction completed. The point, being that there is this burden upon them to justify their receipt—and quite apart from any issue of undue influence—is important, but yet little known. The rule is nevertheless no questionable novelty, but grounded in established precedent of an earlier era which appears over time to have been overlooked, or otherwise (and disputably) treated as simply concerning undue influence.
Ref‐1 redox activity regulates retinal neovascularization by modulating transcriptional activation of HIF‐1α
Authors: Hartman Gabriella D. , Muniyandi Anbukkarasi , Sishtla Kamakshi , Kpenu Eyram K. , Miller William P. , Kaplan Bryan A. , Kim Leo A. , Liu Sheng , Wan Jun , Qi Xiaoping , Boulton Michael E. , Kelley Mark R. , Corson Timothy W. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRetinal neovascularization impairs visual function and is a hallmark of several neovascular eye diseases, including retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Current treatments include intravitreal injections of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) biologics, but these therapeutics are often accompanied by high treatment burden and resistance to therapy. Prior studies indicate that APE1/Ref‐1, a multifunctional protein with both endonuclease (APE1) and redox‐mediated transcriptional regulatory activity (Ref‐1), activates multiple pro‐angiogenic and pro‐inflammatory signaling pathways by chemically reducing key cysteine residues in transcription factors, thereby activating them. Here, we investigated the previously unexplored role of Ref‐1 in retinal neovascularization. We demonstrate that Ref‐1 is highly expressed in endothelial cells in human PDR and in the oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model of retinal neovascularization. Ref‐1 is also highly expressed in microglia and astrocytes in OIR. A small molecule Ref‐1 redox inhibitor, APX2009, decreased retinal neovascularization in OIR after systemic delivery. In vitro, hypoxic endothelial cells did not exhibit upregulation of Ref‐1 but rather increased Ref‐1 nuclear localization. APX2009 decreased hypoxic endothelial cell proliferation and HIF‐1α transcriptional activation. Thus, Ref‐1 redox activity may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of retinal neovascularization, making APX2009 a promising systemic therapeutic approach for the treatment of vascular retinopathies such as ROP and PDR.