bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Success Rate of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in Children Younger Than 1 Year With Idiopathic Congenital Aqueductal Stenosis and Long-term Follow-up
Authors: Krejcí Tomáš , Kubina Lukáš , Krejcí Ondrej , Chlachula Martin , Lipina Radim 
Published: January 2025

Introduction The indication for endoscopic third ventriculostomy is often contested in children younger than 1 year. This study aims to establish the benefits of this modality in children with idiopathic congenital aqueductal stenosis. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on patients <1 year old with idiopathic congenital aqueductal stenosis undergoing endoscopic third ventriculostomy between 2004 and 2020. Preoperative cerebral imaging was performed in all cases. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy efficacy and overall patient outcome were evaluated over the entirety of the monitoring period averaging 146 months (range, 34-218 months). Outcome was assessed by modified Rankin Scale score. Treatment success was assessed in relation to the Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy Success Score (ETVSS), patient age, and perioperative findings of membranes in the interpeduncular cistern. Results The study comprised 14 children aged from 6 to 280 days, mean age 16 weeks, with 11 patients aged <6 months. The characteristic presentation was progressive macrocephaly, with the setting sun sign in 2 cases. The overall Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy Success Score was 52.1%, whereas endoscopic third ventriculostomy was successful in 12 patients (85.7%) in the first year postoperation and in 11 cases (78.6%) in the long term. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy failure was not related to patient age ( P > .99) or perioperative findings of interpeduncular cistern membranes ( P = .51). Patient outcome averaged modified Rankin Scale score 1. Most children were without or with minimal disability. Conclusions We consider endoscopic third ventriculostomy a safe and effective modality for the initial treatment of patients aged <1 year presenting with congenital aqueductal stenosis–based hydrocephalus.
A Food Pantry Nutrition Education Program RCT: Food Choices and Diet-Quality
Authors: Katare Bhagyashree , Echols Brittni , Plakias Zoe , Nayaga Rodolfo M. , Hodge Krystal L. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose Food pantries have provided nutrition education to promote healthy food choices with mixed outcomes. This study assessed the impact of Guided Stars food quality rating system to promote healthy food choices among food pantry clients. Design Randomized parallel-group study with balanced randomization. Setting A client-choice food pantry in a midwestern city. Subjects 613 food pantry clients. Intervention Clients were randomly assigned to a one-time treatment group (n = 330) where they received a nutrition information sheet with pantry foods ranked using the Guided Starts rating system, or a control group (n = 299) that did not receive this information. Measure(s) Healthy food selection; food selection quality measured by a Healthy Index. Analysis Multiple linear regression models to estimate the effect of the intervention on the food choices of the food pantry client, accounting for potential confounders. Results Results showed a decrease (−.021, P < .05) in the selection of lower nutrition-rated food items, particularly among men. Conclusion Food-labeling nutrition education strategies could help promote healthy food choices at food pantries, especially among future-biased clients. However, an information-based intervention alone may not be enough to alter food choices in low-income populations.
Advancing lung cancer diagnosis: Combining 3D auto-encoders and attention mechanisms for CT scan analysis
Authors: Wang Meng , Yang Zi , Zhao Ruifeng 
Published: January 2025

Objective The goal of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a hybrid deep learning model that combines 3D Auto-encoders with attention mechanisms to detect lung cancer early from CT scan images. The study aims to improve diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity by focusing on key features in the scans. Materials and methods A hybrid model was developed that combines feature extraction using 3D Auto-encoder networks with attention mechanisms. First, the 3D Auto-encoder model was tested without attention, using feature selection techniques such as RFE, LASSO, and ANOVA. This was followed by evaluation using several classifiers: SVM, RF, GBM, MLP, LightGBM, XGBoost, Stacking, and Voting. The model's performance was evaluated based on accuracy, sensitivity, F1-Score, and AUC-ROC. After that, attention mechanisms were added to help the model focus on important areas in the CT scans, and the performance was re-assessed. Results The 3D Auto-encoder model without attention achieved an accuracy of 93% and sensitivity of 89%. When attention mechanisms were added, the performance improved across all metrics. For example, the accuracy of SVM increased to 94%, sensitivity to 91%, and AUC-ROC to 0.96. Random Forest (RF) also showed improvements, with accuracy rising to 94% and AUC-ROC to 0.93. The final model with attention improved the overall accuracy to 93.4%, sensitivity to 90.2%, and AUC-ROC to 94.1%. These results highlight the important role of attention in identifying the most relevant features for accurate classification. Conclusions The proposed hybrid deep learning model, especially with the addition of attention mechanisms, significantly improves the early detection of lung cancer. By focusing on key features in the CT scans, the attention mechanism helps reduce false negatives and boosts overall diagnostic accuracy. This approach has great potential for use in clinical applications, particularly in the early-stage detection of lung cancer.
Phthalonitrile resins based on biomass vanillin with high storage modulus and good processing window
Authors: Yan Wenhui , Sang Xiaoming , Chen Xinggang , Jiang Qian , Peng Caizhen , Guo Tianfei 
Published: January 2025

Bio-based phthalonitrile resins were synthesized using a two-step process. Initially, vanillin underwent a nucleophilic reaction with nitro and potassium carbonate to form intermediates, which were then dissolved in N, N-dimethylformamide. The intermediate was divided into two portions, with 4,4’-oxydianiline and 4,4’-methylenedianiline added to each portion, respectively, to produce two different vanillin-based phthalonitrile monomers: OVA monomer and DVA monomer. The successful synthesis of these two bio-based phthalonitrile monomers was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry was employed to study the processability of the monomers, revealing that OVA monomer and DVA monomer had a wide processing window of 110°C and 69°C, respectively, which were advantageous for resin processing. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the storage modulus of the OVA and DVA resins reached 4818 MPa and 3526 MPa, respectively, with a 24-h water absorption rate of only 1.03% and 0.90%. This study presents a viable method for synthesizing bio-based phthalonitrile resins, which can be widely utilized as functional and structural materials in daily life due to their renewability, degradability, and minimal environmental impact.
New insights into the long-term adverse effects of antimalarials in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Araújo Olga , Espinosa Gerard , Hernández-Rodríguez José , Hernández-Negrín Halbert , Adán Alfredo , Pelegrín Laura , Cervera Ricard 
Published: January 2025

Background Hydroxychloroquine is recommended for all patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) because of its efficacy and safety. Previous studies of antimalarial toxicity under non-experimental conditions have often grouped hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine. This study focuses on the long-term toxicity of antimalarial drugs in SLE patients at a single reference centre. The research seeks to identify trends in antimalarial toxicity and determine risk factors contributing to long-term adverse effects. Materials and Methods Retrospective data were collected from electronic medical records of consecutively diagnosed SLE patients, followed for at least 5 years, from 1998 to 2017. The outcome variable “antimalarial long-term adverse effect” was considered if the adverse effect occurred after at least 5 years of continuous antimalarial treatment. Hazard regression analysis was used to identify independent factors associated with long-term antimalarial adverse effects. Results Three hundred 22 patients followed for a median of 15 years were analysed. The mean age at SLE diagnosis was 33.4 years, and 91.3% were women. Antimalarial drugs were started in 314 (97.5%) patients. Adverse effects were observed in 55 (17.5%) patients, mainly macular toxicity (11.5%). The incidence of all types of toxicity was higher in the long-term users than in the short-term users (12.1% vs 5.4%; p < .001). Previous use of chloroquine (HR 3; 95%CI 1-9), anti-ß2-glycoprotein antibody positivity (HR 2; 95%CI 1-4) and hydroxychloroquine doses higher than 5 mg/kg/day (HR 2.6; 95%CI 1-7) were identified as independent factors associated with long-term antimalarial toxicity. Conclusions In our experience over the past 20 years, almost all SLE patients were treated with antimalarials. Macular toxicity was the most common long-term adverse effect. Patients with previous use of chloroquine, higher than recommended doses of hydroxychloroquine, and positive anti-ß2-glycoprotein antibodies were more likely to develop long-term antimalarial toxicity.
Impact of frailty and comorbidity on initial response to lung cancer screening invitation and low-dose CT screening uptake: Findings from the Yorkshire Lung Screening Trial
Authors: Almatrafi Anas , Gabe Rhian , Beeken Rebecca J , Neal Richard D , Clegg Andrew , Best Kate E , Relton Samuel , Brown Martel , Tam Hui Zhen , Hancock Neil , Crosbie Philip A.J. , Callister Matthew E.J. 
Published: January 2025

Background Low-dose computed tomography screening reduces lung cancer-specific mortality in high-risk individuals. Lung cancer risk factors overlap with comorbid diseases, highlighting the significance of frailty and comorbidities for lung cancer screening (LCS). Here, we describe the prevalence of frailty and comorbidity in those invited for LCS and evaluate their associations with response to telephone risk assessment invitation and subsequent uptake of LCS. Methods Analysis was based on the intervention arm of the Yorkshire Lung Screening Trial, where ever-smoked individuals aged 55–80 were invited to telephone risk assessment followed by community-based LCS if at higher risk. The electronic frailty index (eFI) was used to compute individual frailty scores (categorised as fit, mild, moderate and severe) and derive comorbidity data. Results Of 27,761 individuals invited, 24.1% ( n = 6702), 8.5% ( n = 2353) and 1.7% ( n = 459) had mild, moderate and severe frailty, respectively. Over half responded to the invitation to telephone risk assessment ( n = 14,523, 52.5%) with frailty associated with a higher response rate compared to fit individuals: adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26–1.42 for mild frailty; ORadj 1.28, 95%CI 1.16–1.40 for moderate frailty; and ORadj 1.32, 95%CI 1.08–1.61 for severe frailty. Similar patterns were seen with comorbidity counts. After assessment, moderate (ORadj 0.75, 95%CI 0.59–0.96) and severe (ORadj 0.67, 95%CI 0.43–1.04) frailty were associated with reduced screening uptake. Conclusion The presence of frailty was associated with increased response to LCS invitation. Given the strong association between frailty and reduced life expectancy, these results suggest that people with potentially more life years to be gained from LCS may be less inclined to take part. Further research is needed to explore the interactions between frailty and LCS decision-making to inform future invitation strategies.
A Comprehensive Review of Psychosocial, Academic, and Psychological Issues Faced by University Students in India
Authors: Gull Mubashir , Kaur Navneet , Abuhasan Wael M. F. , Kandi Suneetha , Nair Sidharth Murali 
Published: January 2025

Background University students confront a wide range of issues during their pursuit of education. Understanding these issues is essential for developing effective treatments and support systems. Purpose This study aims to delineate the landscape of scholarly literature pertaining to psychosocial, academic, and psychological issues among university students. It further identifies key journals and publishing trends within the fields, thereby significantly contributing to this domain. Additionally, this study outlines the scientific field networks that offer theoretical and conceptual foundations for exploring the psychosocial, academic, and psychological challenges faced by university students. Furthermore, it also intends to systematically categorise various types of problems encountered by university students in India. Methods To systematically gather and investigate the problems encountered by students in higher education, this study utilises bibliometric analysis, highlighting topics related to mental health. Data were extracted from Scopus and Web of Sciences databases. Results The analysis of the literature yielded 12 overarching categories related to challenges faced by university students: stress, academic stress, depression, anxiety, internet/ smartphone addiction/ gaming disorder, low self-esteem, loneliness, insomnia, suicidal ideations, eating disorders, drug addiction, adjustment issues. Conclusion Academic institutions should prioritise student mental health, as it affects academic performance and can lead to psychological disorders. Universities need Guidance and Counselling Cells staffed with professionals to help students manage psychosocial, academic, and psychological challenges.
Prevalence of Comorbidities and Racial Disparities in Anterior Uveitis Risk Among Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients
Authors: Alfatlawi Halah , Alharbi Abdulmajeed , Kwak Eun Seo , Sheikh Rawnag El , Altorok Nezam 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the axial spine, commonly associated with extra-articular manifestations such as anterior uveitis (AU). Racial disparities have been observed in the prevalence of AU among AS patients, with African American individuals often experiencing higher frequencies compared to their white counterparts. Moreover, AS is linked with various comorbidities, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of AU and associated comorbidities among AS patients, with a focus on racial differences. Methods: This retrospective study utilised data from the 2020 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, identifying adult patients with AS admitted to hospitals in the United States. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyse demographic characteristics and comorbidity prevalence. Multivariate analysis assessed the association between AU, race, comorbidities, and inpatient outcomes. Results: Our analysis revealed significant racial disparities in the prevalence of AU among AS patients. Patients with AU tended to be younger, with a mean age of 48 years versus a mean age of 60 in patients with AS without AU. Among patients with AS without AU, 82% were Caucasians and African Americans represented 6%. Among patients with AS with AU, Caucasians represented 71% and African Americans represented 18%. In terms of outcomes, patients with a history of AU exhibited similar inpatient mortality rates (less than 1%) compared to those without (3%). Acute kidney injury (AKI) was more prevalent among patients with AU (24%) versus those without (16%) but was not statistically significant. The comorbidities commonly associated with AS include hypertension, both complicated (23%) and uncomplicated (40%), along with diabetes presenting with and without chronic complications at rates of 17% and 11%, respectively. Conclusion: Our study underscores the need for further research to elucidate the relationships between AS, AU, and comorbidities, particularly in the context of racial disparities. Improved risk assessment and early detection strategies tailored to the African American population are crucial for facilitating timely diagnosis and targeted treatment interventions for AS. Addressing these disparities and advocating for proactive management approaches can help mitigate healthcare inequities and enhance overall health outcomes for African American AS patients.
Peri-anal Hyperpigmentation in a Patient with Rectal Cavernous Haemangioma
Authors: Ghonge Nitin P. , Kumar Karunesh 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Cavernous hemangioma of rectum is a slow-flow vascular malformation characterized by multiple dilated intramural blood vessels which shows T2 hyperintense signal, mainly on fat-suppressed sequences and may cause bleeding. Case Details: The report describes a case of a 16 Years boy who presented with recurrent episodes of rectal bleeding with hyperpigmentation in peri-anal region. MRI study suggested the diagnosis of rectal cavernous hemangioma. Conclusion: The illustrated case images highlight the role of clinical examination and MRI in diagnosis of rectal cavernous hemangioma. Peri-anal hyperpigmentation in a young patient with rectal bleeding should raise suspicion of rectal hemangioma.
Treatment of Insomnia by Zopiclone in Older Adults Hospitalized in a Geriatric Hospital: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Lebreton Helena , Ladjouzi Nadia , Raveloson Hendriniaina , Lopez-Leret Diana , Schlatter Joël 
Published: January 2025

Background Insomnia is a significant public health problem that can affect up to 50% of older adults. Pharmacological treatments are commonly used such as benzodiazepines (BZD) and related Z-drug zopiclone. Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate the use of zopiclone under real-life clinical conditions. Materials and Methods A retrospective review of older patients was conducted in a French geriatric hospital. The eligible participants included patients aged 65 years and older who had received zopiclone as a hypnotic. The presence of indication, the dosage and duration of zopiclone, the reevaluation of the treatment, the reason for discontinuation, and the combination with BZD were assessed. Results The study included 30 subjects (mean age 84.6 ± 9.3 years), 90% of whom received zopiclone 3.5 mg and 10% zopiclone 7.5 mg. In 60% of cases, no indication of insomnia was found. At discharge, more patients received a combination of zopiclone and BZD. The drug reassessment was initiated in only nine patients. Conclusion The treatment of insomnia with zopiclone is usually prescribed for long-term periods in older adults with less need for reevaluation. More long-term data on side effects and therapeutic efficacy are needed in routine clinical practice.
Prognosis after one- and two-stage revision surgery for periprosthetic joint infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Yiyuan , Liu Menghao , Xiao Dan , Li Qi , Xiong Huan , Luo Xue , Zhu Boyu , Fu Weili 
Published: January 2025

Objective Revision surgeries for periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) in arthroplasty can follow either one- or two-stage treatment protocols. Previous studies have reported similar reinfection rates and reductions in complication rates for both treatment options. However, the literature on the selection of one protocol is still controversial. Thus, our aim was to compare the outcomes, including reinfections, complications, reoperations, and mortality, associated with one- and two-stage revision surgeries for PJI via a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies. Methods Comparative studies were identified through searches in PubMed, EMBASE, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library as of November 2023. RevMan version 5.3 was used for the analyses. The included studies directly compared one-stage revisions with two-stage revisions for PJI. The primary outcomes included reinfection, complications, reoperation, and mortality. Results Sixteen cohort studies (fifteen retrospective and one prospective) were included in the systematic review. All studies comprising 2039 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Fourteen studies reported reinfection patient risk postrevision; when pooled via random effects models, 10.02% of patients in the one-stage group and 14.75% of patients in the two-stage group were reinfected, indicating low heterogeneity (risk ratio = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.50 – 0.94, I2 = 0%). A pooled analysis of ten studies reported complications between the two groups. Compared with the two-stage group, the one-stage group was associated with significantly fewer complications (risk ratio = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.63 – 0.91, I2 = 27%). The meta-analysis revealed no significant difference in reoperation events between the 1st-stage and 2nd-stage groups in nine studies (risk ratio = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.59 – 1.01, I2 = 20%) or in mortality in ten studies (risk ratio = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.49 – 1.78, I2 = 0%). Conclusions Among the available observational studies, the meta-analysis revealed a lower incidence of reinfection and complications in the one-stage group than in the two-stage group, but there were no significant differences in reoperation events or mortalities.
Actual Roles of Occupational Therapists in Palliative and Hospice Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: Güney Yılmaz Güleser , Yücel Hülya , Gintiliene Milda 
Published: January 2025

Background This study reviewed the role of occupational therapist’s in palliative and hospice care over the past 20 years. Methods A scoping review following Arksey and O'Malley’s five stages was undertaken using PubMed, OTseeker, Scopus, Elsevier, Cochrane Library-Medline, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Results A total of 41 articles were reviewed. The most publications occurred in 2010, 2011, 2015, and 2023. The majority of the studies (48.7%) were of qualitative design. Various roles of occupational therapists have been defined in palliative care: discovering occupational meaning in the last periods of life and supporting occupational participation, management of persistent physical and psychological symptoms, especially pain and fatigue, improving or supporting the quality of life for individuals under palliative care, supporting mental well-being, supporting social participation, use of adaptive technologies, providing individuals with confidence and comfort. Occupational therapists also have various duties in maintaining palliative-hospice care at home include evaluating the individual at home and supporting home care and rehabilitation after discharge. Interventions for caregivers or supporting caregivers who have lost their roles, occupations or jobs in the care process are also among the roles of occupational therapists. Conclusion Occupational therapy within the context of palliative care aims to assist individuals in attaining their highest level of independence in important occupations. Occupational therapists play a crucial role in coordinating and facilitating safe transitions from the hospital to home, aiming to improve the overall quality of life and reduce hospital stays.