bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using multimodal learning analytics to understand effects of block‐based and text‐based modalities on computer programming
Authors: Sun Dan , Ouyang Fan , Li Yan , Zhu Chengcong , Zhou Yang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundWith the development of computational literacy, there has been a surge in both research and practice application of text‐based and block‐based modalities within the field of computer programming education. Despite this trend, little work has actually examined how learners engaging in programming process when utilizing these two major programming modalities, especially in the context of secondary education settings.ObjectivesTo further compare programming effects between and within text‐based and block‐based modalities, this research conducted a quasi‐experimental research in China's secondary school.MethodsAn online programming platform, Code4all, was developed to allow learners to program in text‐based and block‐based modalities. This research collected multimodal data sources, including programming platform data, process data, and performance data. This research further utilized multiple learning analytics approaches (i.e., clustering analysis, click stream analysis, lag‐sequential analysis and statistics) to compare learners' programming features, behavioural patterns and knowledge gains under two modalities.Results and ConclusionsThe results indicated that learners in text‐based modality tended to write longer lines of code, encountered more syntactical errors, and took longer to attempt debugging. In contrast, learners in block‐based modality spent more time operating blocks and attempt debugging, achieving better programming knowledge performances compared to their counterparts. Further analysis of five clusters from the two modalities revealed discrepancies in programming behavioural patterns.ImplicationsThree major pedagogical implications were proposed based on empirical research results. Furthermore, this research contributed to the learning analytics literature by integrating process‐oriented and summative analysis to reveal learners' programming learning quality.
The evolution of nutrition management in children with severe neurological impairment with a focus on cerebral palsy
Authors: Oftedal Stina , McCormack Siobhan , Stevenson Richard , Benfer Katherine , Boyd Roslyn N. , Bell Kristie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNutritional management of children with severe neurological impairment (SNI) is highly complex, and the profile of this population is changing. The aim of this narrative review was to give the reader a broad description of evolution of the nutritional management of children with SNI in a high resource setting. In the last decade, there has been an emphasis on using multiple anthropometric measures to monitor nutritional status in children with SNI, and several attempts at standardising the approach have been made. Tools such as the Feeding and Nutrition Screening Tool, the Subjective Global Nutrition Assessment, the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System and the Focus on Early Eating and Drinking Swallowing (FEEDS) toolkit have become available. There has been an increased understanding of how the gut microbiome influences gastrointestinal symptoms common in children with SNI, and the use of fibre in the management of these has received attention. A new diagnosis, ‘gastrointestinal dystonia’, has been defined. The increased use and acceptance of blended food tube feeds has been a major development in the nutritional management of children with SNI, with reported benefits in managing gastrointestinal symptoms. New interventions to support eating and drinking skill development in children with SNI show promise. In conclusion, as the life expectancy of people with SNI increases due to advances in medical and nutrition care, our approach necessitates a view to long‐term health and quality of life. This involves balancing adequate nutrition to support growth, development and well‐being while avoiding overnutrition and its associated detrimental long‐term effects.
Microneedling versus microcoring: A review of percutaneous collagen induction for the face and neck
Authors: Carver C. , Rashid Z. , Shuker S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundMicroneedling (MN) and microcoring (MCT) are both methods used for percutaneous collagen induction. This minimally invasive technique involves creating controlled damage in cutaneous tissue to induce neocollagenesis and neoelastogenesis. MN utilizes solid microneedles and is commonly combined with radiofrequency (RF) to add thermal energy, while MCT involves hollow microneedles capable of removing excess tissue without inducing scar formation.AimsThe purpose of this review was to summarize recent literature for MN and MCT, with the goal of assisting clinical decision making regarding the use of these technologies.MethodsPubMed search was conducted for relevant articles published within the last 10 years. Scoping literature review was then performed with pertinent findings reported.ResultsExisting literature investigating MCT is sparse. Limited data on in vivo, human effects of this technology exist. Two out of 14 studies in this review pertained to MCT.ConclusionAdditional high‐powered clinical studies are needed to guide future cosmetic treatments with MN and MCT.
A Regularity Theory of Causation
Authors: Andreas Holger , Günther Mario 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a regularity theory of causation. The theory aims to be reductive and to align with our pre‐theoretic understanding of the causal relation. We show that our theory can account for a wide range of causal scenarios, including isomorphic scenarios, omissions, and scenarios which suggest that causation is not transitive.
Neighbourhood species richness and drought‐tolerance traits modulate tree growth and δ13C responses to drought
Authors: Schnabel F. , Barry K. E. , Eckhardt S. , Guillemot J. , Geilmann H. , Kahl A. , Moossen H. , Bauhus J. , Wirth C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Mixed‐species forests are promoted as a forest management strategy for climate change adaptation, but whether they are more resistant to drought than monospecific forests remains contested. In particular, the trait‐based mechanisms driving the role of tree diversity under drought remain elusive.

Using tree cores from a large‐scale biodiversity experiment, we investigated tree growth and physiological stress responses (i.e. increase in wood carbon isotopic ratio; δ13C) to changes in climate‐induced water availability (wet to dry years) along gradients in neighbourhood tree species richness and drought‐tolerance traits. We hypothesized that neighbourhood species richness increases growth and decreases δ13C and that these relationships are modulated by the abiotic (i.e. climatic conditions) and the biotic context. We characterised the biotic context using drought‐tolerance traits of focal trees and their neighbours. These traits are related to cavitation resistance versus resource acquisition and stomatal control.

Tree growth increased with neighbourhood species richness. However, we did not observe a universal relief of water stress in species‐rich neighbourhoods. The effects of neighbourhood species richness and climate on growth and δ13C were modulated by the traits of focal trees and the traits of their neighbours. At either end of each drought‐tolerance gradient, species responded in opposing directions during dry and wet years.

We show that species' drought‐tolerance traits can explain the strength and nature of biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships in experimental tree communities experiencing drought. Mixing tree species can increase growth but may not universally relieve drought stress.
Interspecific hybridization and inoculation with Pantoea eucalypti improve forage performance of Lotus crop species under alkaline stress
Authors: Campestre M. P. , Antonelli C. J. , Castagno N. L. , Maguire V. G. , Ruiz O. A. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

This study was designed to elucidate the physiological responses of three Lotus forage accessions to alkaline stress, and the influence of inoculating with Pantoea eucalypti endophyte strain on alkaline stress mitigation. A diploid L. corniculatus (Lc) accession, L. tenuis (Lt), and the interspecific hybrid Lt × Lc obtained from these two parental lines were exposed to alkaline stress (pH 8.2).

Both Lt and the Lt × Lc hybrid are alkaline‐tolerant compared to Lc, based on observations that dry mass was not reduced under stress, and there were no chlorosis symptoms on leaf blades. In all three Lotus accessions, Fe2+ concentration under stress decreased in aerial parts and simultaneously increased in roots. Inoculation with P. eucalypti considerably increased Fe2+ content in shoots of all three Lotus forage species under alkaline treatment.

Photochemical efficiency of PSII was affected in Lc accession only when exposed to alkaline treatment. However, when cultivated under alkalinity with inoculation, plants recovered and had photosynthetic parameters equivalent to those in the control treatment.

Together, the results highlight the importance of inoculation with P. eucalypti, which contributes significantly to mitigating alkaline stress. All results provide useful information for improving alkaline tolerance traits of Lotus forage species and their interspecific hybrids.
Trust in action: Cooperation, information, and social policy preferences
Authors: Colombo Francesco , Ray Ari 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhat happens to peoples' social‐policy preferences when their expectations concerning collective behavior are met, or even exceeded? And what conversely occurs when these expectations are unmet, and trust is thereby breached? Drawing on the first Italian COVID‐19 lockdown as a massive exercise in collective action, this study tests how information on lockdown‐compliance rates causally affects the social‐policy preferences of Italian voters, conditional on their pretreatment levels of trust. Examining social‐policy preferences across multiple dimensions, we find that trust is most closely linked to attitudes towards transfer generosity, as opposed to preferences on policy universalism and conditionality. Results highlight that neutral, fact‐based information on cooperation levels can affect social‐policy preferences—and that the direction of attitude change depends on whether one's trust has been met or breached.
The maize PLASTID TERMINAL OXIDASE (PTOX) locus controls the carotenoid content of kernels
Authors: Nie Yongxin , Wang Hui , Zhang Guan , Ding Haiping , Han Beibei , Liu Lei , Shi Jian , Du Jiyuan , Li Xiaohu , Li Xinzheng , Zhao Yajie , Zhang Xiaocong , Liu Changlin , Weng Jianfeng , Li Xinhai , Zhang Xiansheng , Zhao Xiangyu , Pan Guangtang , Jackson David , Li Qin‐Bao , Stinard Philip S. , Arp Jennifer , Sachs Martin M. , Moose Steven , Hunter Charles T. , Wu Qingyu , Zhang Zhiming 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARYCarotenoids perform a broad range of important functions in humans; therefore, carotenoid biofortification of maize (Zea mays L.), one of the most highly produced cereal crops worldwide, would have a global impact on human health. PLASTID TERMINAL OXIDASE (PTOX) genes play an important role in carotenoid metabolism; however, the possible function of PTOX in carotenoid biosynthesis in maize has not yet been explored. In this study, we characterized the maize PTOX locus by forward‐ and reverse‐genetic analyses. While most higher plant species possess a single copy of the PTOX gene, maize carries two tandemly duplicated copies. Characterization of mutants revealed that disruption of either copy resulted in a carotenoid‐deficient phenotype. We identified mutations in the PTOX genes as being causal of the classic maize mutant, albescent1. Remarkably, overexpression of ZmPTOX1 significantly improved the content of carotenoids, especially β‐carotene (provitamin A), which was increased by ~threefold, in maize kernels. Overall, our study shows that maize PTOX locus plays an important role in carotenoid biosynthesis in maize kernels and suggests that fine‐tuning the expression of this gene could improve the nutritional value of cereal grains.
In-Situ Measurement of Thermal Barrier Coating Properties Via Induction Phase Radiometry: Methodology Development
Authors: Eitan Shani , Julius Simon , Cukurel Beni 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This research introduces a new method for accurately measuring the thermal resistance of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), as typically used in gas turbine engines. The proposed method involves periodic internal heat generation inside the airfoil in the vicinity of the TBC-alloy boundary using low-frequency modulated induction heating through a coil. The phase lag between the radiation flux emitted to the surroundings from the exposed side of the TBC and the recorded voltage input to the modulated induction coil is proportional to the thermal resistance (L2/α) of the thin film. A simplified analytical model is developed to quantify the relationship between the lag as a function of the thermal resistance and induction modulation frequency. Numerical experiments are conducted to solve the full physics. Comparing the output with the simplified model, precision of 0.8% under ideal conditions can be observed. Moreover, the robustness of the methodology to recover properties is characterized by differing levels and types of noise levels, including Gaussian and constant-lag biases. For the relevant application, it is found that the suggested approach maintains a recovery error bound to range of 1–10%, dependent on input noise level.
Three-Dimensional Simulations of Nucleate Boiling With Sharp Interface Volume of Fluid and Localized Adaptive Mesh Refinement in ansys-fluent
Authors: James Winston O. , Perez-Raya I. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The present work demonstrates the use of customized ansys-fluent in performing 3D numerical simulations of nucleate boiling with a sharp interface and adaptive mesh refinement. The developed simulation approach is a reliable and effective tool to investigate 3D boiling phenomena by accurately capturing thermal and fluid dynamic interfacial vapor–liquid interaction and reducing computational time. These methods account for 3D sharp interface and thermal conditions of saturation temperature refining the mesh around the bubble edge. User-defined-functions (UDFs) were developed to customize the software ansys-fluent to preserve the interface sharpness, maintain saturation temperature conditions, and perform effective adaptive mesh refinement in a localized region around the interface. Adaptive mesh refinement is accomplished by a UDF that identifies the cells near the contact line and the liquid–vapor interface and applies the adaptive mesh refinement algorithms only at the identified cells. Validating the approach considered spherical bubble growth with an observed acceptable difference between theoretical and simulation bubble growth rates of 10%. Bubble growth simulations with water reveal an influence region of 2.7 times the departure bubble diameter, and average heat transfer coefficient of 15,000 W/m2 K. In addition, the results indicate a reduced computational time of 75 h using adaptive mesh compared to uniform mesh.
Staphylococcus argenteus
bacteremia in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Lee Minkyeong , Choi Yunsang , Choi Seong Jin , Moon Song Mi , Kim Eu Suk , Kim Hong Bin , Ahn Soyeon , Lee Hyunju , Kim Jaeeun , Shin Dong Woo , Yeom Jinki , Park Jeong Su , Song Kyoung-Ho 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

In 2015,
Staphylococcus argenteus
and
Staphylococcus schweitzeri
were proposed as new species, distinct from
Staphylococcus aureus
and collectively referred to as the
S. aureus
complex. However, no clinical reports of these new species exist in Korea. Upon the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for all bloodstream isolates since September 2022,
S. argenteus
was identified in one patient. Therefore, we aimed to search for new species among the archives of the
S. aureus
bacteremia cohort and describe their clinical and microbiological characteristics. Among the 691 archived
S. aureus
isolates between 2012 and 2018, one was identified as
S. argenteus
via MALDI-TOF MS. Both
S. argenteus
isolates (one in 2022) were obtained from patients with extensive pneumonia accompanied by bacteremia and both cases had fatal outcomes. They harbored multiple virulence genes (
clfA, clfB, fnbpA, sdrC, sdrD, sdrE, bbp, cna, see, seg, sei, blaZ, fnbpB,
and
map
) but did not harbor
mecA
and
pvl
. No matched sequence type (ST) was found in either isolate, and both
S. argenteus
isolates were closely related to ST1594, ST1593, ST1793, and ST1303, which belonged to
S. argenteus. S. argenteus
accounted for <1% of the
S. aureus
complex but had clinical characteristics similar to
S. aureus
. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of these factors to avoid misidentifying these strains as coagulase-negative staphylococci, and appropriate reporting is required to minimize confusion.

IMPORTANCE

Staphylococcus argenteus
, a member of
Staphylococcus aureus
complex, has been reported as an important pathogen that causes clinically invasive infections in humans similar to
S. aureus
. Clinical isolates of
S. argenteus
have been reported across the world, showing a large geographical difference in prevalence and genomic profile. However, there have been no clinical reports regarding this new species in Korea. This is the first report to investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of
S. argenteus
identified in patients with bacteremia, and the proportion of
S. argenteus
bacteremia among
S. aureus
bacteremia cohort in Korea.
A rapid and sensitive CRISPR-Cas12a for the detection of
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Authors: Qu Hai , Zhang Wenjing , Li Jianghao , Fu Qingshan , Li Xiaoxia , Wang Miaomiao , Fu Guangyu , Cui Jing 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Fusobacterium nucleatum
(Fn), as a conditional pathogen, can cause a range of oral and gastrointestinal diseases. However, existing clinical detection methods require expensive equipment and complex procedures, which are inconvenient for large-scale screening in epidemiological research. The purpose of this study was to establish a reliable, rapid, and inexpensive detection method based on CRISPR/Cas12a technology for the detection of Fn. Specific recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) primer sequences and crRNA sequences were designed based on the nusG gene of Fn. Subsequently, a fluorescence assay and a lateral flow immunoassay were established using the RPA and CRISPR-Cas12a system (RPA-CRISPR-Cas12a). Sensitivity validation revealed a limit of detection of 5 copies/µL. This method could distinguish Fn from other pathogens with excellent specificity. Furthermore, the RPA-CRISPR-Cas12a assay was highly consistent with the classical quantitative real-time PCR method when testing periodontal pocket samples. This makes it a promising method for the detection of Fn and has the potential to play an increasingly important role in infectious disease testing.

IMPORTANCE

Fusobacterium nucleatum
(Fn) naturally exists in the microbial communities of the oral and gastrointestinal tracts of healthy individuals and can cause inflammatory diseases in the oral and gastrointestinal tracts. Recent studies have shown that Fn is closely associated with the occurrence and development of gastrointestinal cancer. Therefore, the detection of Fn is very important. Unlike the existing clinical detection methods, this study established a fluorescence-based assay and lateral flow immunoassay based on the RPA and CRISPR-Cas12a system (RPA-CRISPR-Cas12a), which is fast, reliable, and inexpensive and can complete the detection within 30–40 minutes. This makes it a promising method for the detection of Fn and has the potential to play an increasingly important role in infectious disease testing.
New Macrocyclic Bis-1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxamides. Synthesis and Stereodynamics in Solution
Authors: Ustynyuk Yu. A. , Petrov V. S. , Lemport P. S. , Roznyatovsky V. A. , Nenajdenko V. G. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
New macrocyclic 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxamide derivatives containing two phenanthroline cores were synthesized, and their structure was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and other methods. The new macrocyclic phenanthrolines showed a complex stereodynamic behavior in solution, which was studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy at different temperatures.
Theoretical Study of the Electronic Structure and Ionization Spectrum of γ-Pyrone
Authors: Trofimov A. B. , Iakimova E. K. , Gromov E. V. , Skitnevskaya A. D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The electronic structure and ionization spectrum of γ-pyrone (4H-pyran-4-one) were calculated using the third-order algebraic diagrammatic construction method for the single-particle Green function [IP-ADC(3)] and some other high-level quantum chemical methods. The results of calculations were used to interpret its recently recorded photoelectron spectra. New assignments have been proposed for the nature of a series of photoelectron maxima of γ-pyrone located above 12 eV, where, according to calculations, the one-electron ionization pattern is disturbed due to electron correlation effects. The obtained results significantly change the interpretation of the spectrum available in the literature.
Recurrent severe hypernatraemia in a young patient: a disconnect between osmoreceptor function and drinking behaviour
Authors: Tudor Roxana Maria , Sherlock Mark , Thompson Chris 
Published: January 2024

Chronic hypernatraemia is a rare clinical entity. In the younger population, hypernatraemia is often a consequence of failure to generate thirst in response to osmotic stimuli.We report the case of a male patient admitted with severe hypernatraemia (plasma sodium 175 mmol/L) on return from holidays. His urine was maximally concentrated at 894 mOsm/kg—suggestive of normal vasopressin reserve. MRI of the brain showed a large extra-axial cyst, with preservation of the posterior pituitary bright spot. Formal osmoregulatory studies demonstrated normal osmoregulated vasopressin secretion and normal thirst, but no appropriate drinking behaviour.This patient illustrates a unique pathophysiological disconnect between thirst appreciation and the central drive to drink, in the context of normal osmoregulatory function. It is likely that this disconnect is related to the patient’s large intracranial cyst.The management challenge is to maintain appropriate fluid intake in order to prevent recurrent severe hypernatraemia.
Vertebral Artery Dissection
Authors: Ivanov Ivan , Cataldo Michael , Cocchiara Alyssa , Nguyen Rosalee 
Published: January 2024

Vertebral artery dissections are a rare pathology that carries a high risk of stroke in a younger population. They may be caused by minor mechanisms and the index of suspicion should be high. Treatment with anticoagulation or antiplatelets should follow if no surgical management is indicated.We describe a case of a female in her 30s who fell backward off a swing and rolled over her head and complained of continued posterior neck pain. The patient was found to have a vertebral artery dissection on MRI. The patient was then anticoagulated with high-dose apixaban and low-dose aspirin.The emergency medicine provider should be aware of possible low-impact mechanisms that can cause vertebral artery dissection and should have a high index of suspicion. If surgical management is not indicated, anticoagulation should be initiated.