bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive control impairment in ax‐continuous performance test in patients with schizophrenia: A pilot EEG study
Authors: Li Bing , Liu Chao‐meng , Wang Li‐na , Jin Wen‐qing , Pan Wei‐gang , Wang Wen , Ren Yan‐ping , Ma Xin , Tang Yi‐lang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the mechanism of cognitive control impairment in patients with schizophrenia (SPs) using electroencephalogram (EEG).MethodsA total of 17 SPs and 17 healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. We measured the EEG activity, whereas they performed the AX‐continuous performance test which consisted of the preparatory phase and the response phase. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was used for cognitive function, and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used for clinical symptom assessment. A univariate linear regression model was used to explore the relationships among behavioral index, event‐related potentials (ERPs), rhythmic oscillation power, and score of MCCB and PANSS.ResultsA significant difference was found in response accuracy and reaction time (RT) during the preparatory phase between patients and HCs (p < .05). During the response phase, the SPs exhibited longer RT than the HCs (p < .05). Analysis of the ERPs revealed that the amplitude of P3a on BX clues was significantly smaller in SPs than in HCs (p < .05). Additionally, the midline frontal theta power of neural oscillation was significantly lower in the SPs than in NCs both during the preparatory and response phases. The accuracies on BX clues (r = .694, p = .002) and d'context (r = .698, p = .002) were positively correlated with MCCB scores.ConclusionThe present study revealed that patients with schizophrenia have deficits both in proactive and reactive cognitive control, with a greater reliance on reactive control during conflict resolution. The neural mechanisms of the cognitive control impairment may involve the inability to engage additional neural resources for proactive control, and a reduction in frontal midline theta power during both proactive and reactive control. The severity of proactive control impairment is positively correlated with an increased tendency to rely on reactive control.
Aberrant spontaneous static and dynamic amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations in cerebral small vessel disease with or without mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Zhang Xulian , Wang Zhigang , Zheng Darui , Cao Xuan , Qi Wenzhang , Yuan Qianqian , Zhang Da , Liang Xuhong , Ruan Yiming , Zhang Shaojun , Tang Weijie , Huang Qingling , Xue Chen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundCerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is considered an age‐related degenerative neurological disorder and the most common risk factor for vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). The amplitude of fluctuation of low frequency (ALFF) can detect altered intrinsic brain activity in CSVD. This study explored the static and dynamic ALFFs in the early stage of CSVD with (CSVD‐M) or without (CSVD‐W) mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in these patients and how these changes contribute to cognitive deterioration.MethodsThirty consecutive CSVD cases and 18 healthy controls (HC) were included in this study. All the participants underwent a 3D magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient‐echo (MPRAGE) sequence to obtain structural T1‐weighted images. Simultaneous multislice imaging 5(SMS5) was used for resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI), and Data Processing and Analysis of Brain Imaging software helped determine static ALFF (sALFF). The dynamic ALFF (dALFF) was calculated using the sliding window method of DynamicBC software. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and two‐sample t‐test were used to evaluate the sALFF and temporal variability of dALFF among the three groups. The subjects were rated on a broad standard neuropsychological scale. Partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between sALFF and dALFF variability and cognition (Bonferroni correction, statistical threshold set at p < .05).ResultsCompared with HCs, the CSVD‐M group indicated decreased sALFF values in the bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe (CPL) and the left inferior Parietal Lobule (IPL), with increased sALFF values in the right SFG. For dALFF analysis, the CSVD‐W group had significant dALFF variability in the right fusiform gyrus compared with HC. Moreover, the postcentral gyrus (PoCG) was significantly high in the CSVD‐W group. While in the CSVD‐M group, the bilateral paracentral lobules (PL) revealed significantly elevated dALFF variability and low dALFF variability in the left CPL and right IPL compared with HCs. The CSVD‐M group had high dALFF variability in the bilateral PL but low dALFF variability in the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and right PoCG compared with the CSVD‐W group. The partial correlation analysis indicated that dALFF variability in the left MTG was positively associated with EM (r = 0.713, p = .002) in CSVD‐W and CSVD‐M groups. In the groups with CSVD‐M and HC, altered dALFF variability in the bilateral PL was negatively correlated with EM (r = −0.560, p = .002).ConclusionThere were significant changes in sALFF and dALFF variability in CSVD patients. Abnormal spontaneous static and dynamic ALFFs may provide new insights into cognitive dysfunction in CSVD with MCI and may be valuable biomarkers for early diagnosis.
Reactive oxygen species targeted biomaterials for spinal cord injury therapy
Authors: Zuo Yanming , Ying Yibo , Huang Zhiyang , Shen Jiamen , Li Xiaokun , Wang Zhouguang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSpinal cord injuries (SCIs) often cause individuals to suffer from painful illnesses and debilitating disabilities. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in injured tissues hampers treatment effectiveness. Unfortunately, there is presently no established clinical remedy for addressing SCI, particularly the injuries related to ROS. However, the materials science and technology field has made remarkable progress, resulting in the development of a wide range of biomaterials with unique properties for regulating ROS. This review aims to summarize the latest advancements in ROS‐targeted biomaterials designed specifically for the treatment of SCIs. Key scientific challenges in the evolution of ROS‐targeted neuroprotection strategies are also discussed. We anticipate that this comprehensive summary will be valuable to new researchers and highlight specific future avenues of research, contributing to the further advancement of ROS‐targeted biomaterials for SCI treatment.
Next‐generation agents for fluorescence‐guided glioblastoma surgery
Authors: Chirizzi Cristina , Pellegatta Serena , Gori Alessandro , Falco Jacopo , Rubiu Emanuele , Acerbi Francesco , Bombelli Francesca Baldelli 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGlioblastoma is a fast‐growing and aggressive form of brain cancer. Even with maximal treatment, patients show a low median survival and are often subjected to a high recurrence incidence. The currently available treatments require multimodal management, including maximal safe surgical resection, followed by radiation and chemotherapy. Because of the infiltrative glioblastoma nature, intraoperative differentiation of cancer tissue from normal brain parenchyma is very challenging, and this accounts for the low rate of complete tumor resection. For these reasons, clinicians have increasingly used various intraoperative adjuncts to improve surgical results, such as fluorescent agents. However, most of the existing fluorophores show several limitations such as poor selectivity, photostability, photosensitization and high costs. This could limit their application to successfully improve glioblastoma resection. In the present perspective, we highlight the possibility to develop next‐generation fluorescent tools able to more selectively label cancer cells during surgical resection.
Efficacy and safety of pegfilgrastim biosimilar MD‐110 in patients with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy: Single‐arm phase III
Authors: Takano Toshimi , Ito Mitsuya , Kadoya Takayuki , Osako Tomofumi , Aruga Tomoyuki , Masuda Norikazu , Miyaki Toshiko , Niikura Naoki , Shimizu Daisuke , Yokoyama Yuichi , Watanabe Manabu , Tomomitsu Masato , Aogi Kenjiro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionPegfilgrastim is indicated to decrease the incidence of chemotherapy‐induced febrile neutropenia. It is the first granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor approved for prophylactic use regardless of carcinoma type and is marketed in Japan as G‐LASTA (Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). MD‐110 is a biosimilar of pegfilgrastim. This phase III, multicenter, open‐label, single‐arm study investigated the efficacy and safety of MD‐110 in early‐stage breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant myelosuppressive chemotherapy.MethodsA total of 101 patients received the study drug. Each patient received docetaxel 75 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 (TC) for four cycles on day 1 of each cycle. MD‐110 (3.6 mg) was administered subcutaneously on day 2 of each cycle. The primary efficacy endpoint was the duration of severe neutropenia during cycle 1 (days with absolute neutrophil count < 500/mm3). The safety endpoints were adverse events and the presence of antidrug antibodies.ResultsThe mean (SD) duration of severe neutropenia for MD‐110 was 0.2 (0.4) days. The upper limit of the two‐sided 95% confidence interval for the mean duration of severe neutropenia was 0.2 days, below the predefined threshold of 3.0 days. The incidence of febrile neutropenia, the secondary efficacy endpoint, was 6.9% (7/101). Adverse events, occurring in more than 50% of patients, were alopecia, constipation, and malaise, which are common side effects of TC chemotherapy. Antidrug antibodies were negative in all patients.ConclusionMD‐110 was effective against chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia. No additional safety concern, compared with the originator, was observed in patients with breast cancer receiving TC chemotherapy.(JapicCTI‐205230).
Object elicitation: A compassionate and culturally informed method for psychotherapy research
Authors: O'Brien Charlotte , Charura Divine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study provides an innovative, compassionate and culturally informed method for psychotherapy research, using object elicitation with 13 participants from vulnerable groups. It examines the positive impact it has on building the research alliance, enhanced depth of sharing within qualitative research interviews and emic ways of knowing through the engagement with a culturally relevant, tangible, internalised or transitional object brought by vulnerable participants from diverse cultural contexts of origin. Results showcase how a creative and compassionate research method can promote a culturally informed research alliance with vulnerable participants, helping to build trust, rapport and relational depth; encourage elicitation of experiences; and empower emic and subjugated voices. The implications of this study make the case for the inclusion of object elicitation as a creative and compassionate method in qualitative research with traumatised and vulnerable individuals, which should be used as part of a culturally informed approach to psychotherapy research.
Supporting foot interaction of reaction time training system
Authors: Zang Chenyu , Gai Wei , Li Haodong , Xing Chenzhi , Wang Wenfei , Li Dongli , Lv Gaorong , Yang Chenglei 
Published: October 2023

SummaryReaction time, the ability to detect, process and respond to stimuli, is one of the fundamental factors in human computer interaction, and is a key cognitive skill in clinical and healthy populations. Good reaction time allows us to respond to stimuli and situations with agility and efficiency. How to train and improve a person's reaction time has become an important research question. In this paper, we present a new training genre which combines the user‐centered personalized training objects generation with precise tracking of foot interaction.Virtual objects are created with respect to the user's features and historical training effectiveness, and are in motion. A foot tracking algorithm based on three‐Gaussian model is designed to support interaction with stepping on moving virtual objects. We present the design and implementation of the system, as well as user studies. Findings illustrate that the reaction time performances are significantly improved following of seven days of training based on foot interaction.
Brain cancer classification based on multistage ensemble generative adversarial network and convolutional neural network
Authors: Melekoodappattu Jayesh George , Kandambeth Puthiyapurayil Chaithanya , Vylala Anoop , Sahaya Dhas Anto 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn advanced approach that capitalizes on the synergies between multimodal feature fusion and the dual‐path network is presented in this manuscript. Our proposed methodology harnesses a combination of potent techniques, merging the benefits of nonlinear mapping and expansive perception. The foundation of our methodology lies in leveraging well‐established pretrained models, namely EfficientNet‐B7, ResNet‐152, and a meticulously crafted custom convolutional neural network (CNN), to effectively extract salient features from the data. These models are combined in a two‐stage ensemble approach. We employ maximum variance unfolding (MVU) to select the most relevant attributes from the extracted features. In this study, we propose a hybrid approach that integrates a generative adversarial network and Neural Autoregressive Distribution Estimation (NADE‐K) with a CNN. The resulting two‐stage ensemble hybrid CNN model achieves an accuracy of 99.63%. The implementation of the two‐stage ensemble hybrid CNN with MVU demonstrates significant improvements in brain tumor classification.
A policy inventory and analysis of career and technical education (CTE) promise programs
Authors: Hyder Zachary J. , Collom Gresham D. , Yan Jackson 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we explore statewide tuition‐free college programs which encourage students to earn Career and Technical Education (CTE) credentials. To map the current landscape of statewide Promise programs, we conducted a policy discourse analysis of all statewide Promise programs while focusing on policy features relevant to workforce training. We discuss the rationale for policymakers to entice students to participate in community college CTE programs, the sources of funding for these scholarships, and the unique features of the programs across the United States. We conclude our study by providing practical recommendations to increase student participation in free college programs.
Axonal sensory‐motor polyneuropathy in ankylosing spondylitis: A case report
Authors: Khalaji Amirreza , Kolahi Susan , Ghadakchi Leyla , Jafarpour Mehdi 
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical MessageIn ankylosing spondylitis cases, axonal‐type sensory‐motor polyneuropathy is a rare manifestation and should be considered an underlying etiology in patients with unexplained neuropathy.AbstractThis case report discusses a 45‐year‐old male diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the axial skeleton and peripheral joints. The patient presented with polyneuropathy, characterized by tingling and numbness in the upper and lower limbs, which is an uncommon manifestation of AS. After undergoing various tests, including CT scans and EMG‐NCV, no secondary cause for the neuropathy was identified; AS was considered the etiology of the patient's axonal‐type sensory‐motor polyneuropathy.
PdCu Alloy Catalyst for Inhibition‐free, Low‐temperature CO Oxidation
Authors: Song Yuying , Svadlenak Scott , Bathena Tanmayi , Hazlett Melanie J. , Epling William S. , Goulas Konstantinos A. , Grabow Lars C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDesigning robust catalysts for low‐temperature oxidation is pertinent to the development of advanced combustion engines to meet increasingly stringent emissions limitations. Oxidation of CO, hydrocarbon, and NO pollutants over platinum‐group catalysts suffer from strong inhibition due to their competitive adsorption, while coinage metals are generally slow at activating O2. Through computational screening, we discovered a PdCu alloy catalyst that completely oxidizes CO below 150 °C without inhibition by NO, propylene or water. This is attributed primarily to geometric effects and the presence of CO bound to Pd sites within the Cu‐rich surface of the PdCu alloy. We demonstrate that the novel PdCu catalyst can be used in tandem with a PtPd catalyst to achieve sequential, inhibition‐free, complete oxidation of CO in a two‐bed system, while also achieving 50 % NO conversion below 120 °C. Moreover, neither water nor propylene adversely affect the low temperature CO oxidation activity.
Precise Construction of Cu‐Based Catalysts using Surface Molecular Modifiers for Electroreduction of CO2 to Multi‐Carbon Products
Authors: Zhang Tingting , He Jing , Xiang Xu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractConverting CO2 into valuable chemicals has been intensively explored in recent years. Benefited from the substantial cost reduction of renewable electricity, the electrochemical methods have been emerging as a potential means for CO2 capture and conversion. Recently, molecular tuning has been recognized as a powerful technique to modify catalyst's surface and verified effective in improving CO2RR performance. However, there are few comprehensive and insightful reviews on molecularly modified Cu‐based catalysts to precisely modulate the activity and selectivity of C2+ products in CO2 reduction. Herein, the development of CO2RR plausible reaction mechanisms is first introduced. The process and reaction pathways of the carbon‐carbon coupling are briefly discussed. Four main aspects of the molecular tuning strategy of the CO2RR are described as the first coordination layer, second coordination layer, outer layer, and confined effects. The understanding of the improved C2+ performance is demonstrated for molecularly modified Cu‐based catalysts. The challenges and perspectives in this field are addressed to further inspire the disclosure of the fundamental understanding in CO2RR, the system optimization, advanced in situ and operando techniques, and integration of CO2 capture and conversion technology with high activity and selectivity for durable applications.
DNA Mismatch Repair Assessment in Gastric and Colon Cancers Using Stochastic Microdisks
Authors: Stefan‐van Staden Raluca‐Ioana , Bratei Alexandru Adrian , Ilie‐Mihai Ruxandra‐Maria , Gheorghe Damaris‐Cristina , Tuchiu Bianca Maria 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTwo stochastic microdisks were designed and validated for the DNA mismatch repair assessment in gastric and colon cancers, through determining simultaneously the concentrations of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, and of KRAS in whole blood, urine, saliva, and tumoral tissues. The active surface of the stochastic microdisks was composed of a thin layer of graphene paste decorated with nitrogen, boron, and sulfur and modified with inutec (SP) and with frutafit (FT), respectively. High sensitivities were recorded when the SP was used as modifier. All limits of determination were of fg mL−1 magnitude order. The paired student‐t‐test done at 99.00 % confidence level revealed that there are no significative differences between the results obtained using the two stochastic microdisks. Validation of the screening tests of whole blood, urine, saliva, and tumoral tissues was also done using the recovery tests when % recovery was higher than 87.00 %, with %RSD values lower than 1.00 %.
Metal Carbide Additives in Graphite‐Silicon Composites for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Piñuela‐Noval Juan , Fernández‐González Daniel , Brutti Sergio , Suárez Marta , Mazzei Franco , Navarra Maria Assunta , Verdeja Luis Felipe , Fernández Adolfo , Agostini Marco 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe pathway for improving lithium‐ion batteries′ energy density strongly depends on finding materials with enhanced performance. Although great efforts have been done, on the anode‐side, graphite is still the best choice. In the last decade, silicon elements are attracting growing attention as anode since their use can theoretically increase specific capacity of the negative electrode side. However, as the electrochemical mechanism involves the alligation of a large amount of Li, the silicon electrode experiences huge volume changes (more than 300 % of its initial volume), leading to fractures and pulverizations of the electrode. Herein, we propose for the first time using Molybdenum and Chromium Carbides as additive to stabilize graphite/silicon composites. Spark plasma sintering technology is used to sinter the electrode powders. We demonstrated that the presence of molybdenum or chromium carbides promotes the performance of C/Si electrodes, improving the cycling stability compared to pristine graphite/silicon electrodes.
Polyfluoroalkyl Chain‐Based Assemblies for Biomimetic Catalysis
Authors: Liu Ning , Gao Ping , Lu Hai‐Yan , Fang Lei , Nicolas Julien , Ha‐Duong Tâp , Shen Jiang‐Shan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAmphiphobic fluoroalkyl chains are exploited for creating robust and diverse self‐assembled biomimetic catalysts. Long terminal perfluoroalkyl chains (CnF2n+1 with n=6, 8, and 10) linked with a short perhydroalkyl chains (CmH2m with m=2 and 3) were used to synthesize several 1,4,7‐triazacyclononane (TACN) derivatives, CnF2n+1‐CmH2m‐TACN. In the presence of an equimolar amount of Zn2+ ions that coordinate the TACN moiety and drive the self‐assembly into micelle‐like aggregates, the critical aggregation concentration of polyfluorinated CnF2n+1‐CmH2m‐TACN⋅Zn2+ was lowered by ∼1 order of magnitude compared to the traditional perhyroalkyl counterpart with identical carbon number of alkyl chain. When 2’‐hydroxypropyl‐4‐nitrophenyl phosphate was used as the model phosphate substrate, polyfluorinated CnF2n+1‐CmH2m‐TACN⋅Zn2+ assemblies showed higher affinity and catalytic activity, compared to its perhyroalkyl chain‐based counterpart. Coarse‐grained molecular dynamic simulations have been introduced to explore the supramolecular assembly of polyfluoroalkyl chains in the presence of Zn2+ ions and to better understand their enhanced catalytic activity.
PROTOCOL: Medical‐financial partnerships for improving financial and health outcomes for lower‐income Americans: A systematic review
Authors: Birkenmaier Julie , Maynard Brandy , Shanks Hannah , Blumhagen Harly 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The primary objectives of this review is to answer the following research questions using formal research studies: What is the extent and quality of MFP intervention research? What are the effects on financial outcomes of financial services embedded within healthcare settings? What are the effects on health‐related outcomes of financial services embedded within healthcare settings?