bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verbesserte Restlebensdauerberechnung von stählernen Eisenbahnbrücken – Grundsatzstudie zur Eignung von Schadensäquivalenzfaktoren λ
Authors: Unterweger Harald , Derler Christoph 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDieser Beitrag widmet sich dem Konzept der Schadensäquivalenzfaktoren
zur Beurteilung der Restlebensdauer von stählernen Eisenbahnbrücken, wie dies auch in den einschlägigen nationalen Richtlinien für Bestandstragwerke verankert ist. Betrachtet wird hierbei jedoch nicht die Eignung von länderspezifisch festgelegten Verkehrsmischungen, sondern die Auswirkungen der implizit getroffenen Rechenannahmen dieses Konzepts auf die Prognoseergebnisse der Ermüdungsschädigung und damit in weiterer Folge auf die Restlebensdauer von Bestandstragwerken. Einerseits wird analysiert, inwiefern die
‐Faktoren – deren Ermittlung stets auf der Einflusslinienform für Biegebeanspruchung eines Einfeldbalkens in Feldmitte basiert – auch bei anderen baupraktischen Einflusslinienformen (z. B. für Bauteile offener Fahrbahnen oder Einzelstäbe von Fachwerkhauptträgern) zutreffende Ergebnisse liefern. Andererseits wird jener Sachverhalt aufgezeigt, dass die tatsächliche Ermüdungsfestigkeit
des Bestandstragwerks, die nicht in die
‐Faktoren mit einfließt bzw. in der Regel höher ist als implizit in den
‐Faktoren angenommen, mitunter zu sehr konservativen Beurteilungsergebnissen führen kann und daher Potenzial zu einer demgegenüber alternativen, verbesserten Restlebensdauerberechnung bietet.
Butterfly Pea Flower Anthocyanin Immobilized pH Sensitive Intelligent Nanocomposite Films of Starch/Chitin with Improved Thermal and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Mary Siji K. , Koshy Rekha Rose , Pillai Prasanth Kumar S. , Reghunadhan Arunima , Pothen Laly A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThin films with pH sensitivity have been a trendsetter in the current research scenario. Edible films for packaging are comparatively newer ones, where the study uses conventional food materials as a source or precursor to fabricate the films. Starch(S) is one such material that is not much exploited in packaging and pH sensing. Here, the study presents the preparation of a new type of sensitive, intelligent film from starch‐chitin(CHN) composites and adds the anthocyanin pigment extracted from the Butterfly Pea flower (BPE). The combination films are much more sensitive to ammonia and formalin and thus suggested for the detection of adulteration in fish. All the films (S, S/BPE, S/CHN, and S/BPE/CHN) are fabricated by the solution casting method. The addition of 10 wt% CHN results in the enhancement of the thermal and mechanical properties of pH indicator films. Owing to the presence of anthocyanin pigment, the films can change their color changes in pH. The developed starch‐based intelligent films display wide color differences from bright red to green over the 1–12 pH range, which is discriminated by the naked eye.
Clinical and diagnostic features of a paraprostatic cyst of a true uterus masculinus in a male cat presented with tenesmus
Authors: Doeven Laura , Yaffy Dylan , Jones Coleen , Rossanese Matteo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA 5‐year 11‐month‐old, male, neutered, Bengal cross cat was examined for a 5‐week history of tenesmus. Positive contrast urethrocystography and computed tomography scan demonstrated a fluid‐filled structure occupying the pelvic canal. Midline coeliotomy and symphysiotomy revealed a large cystic structure dorsal to the urethra in the area of the prostate. This structure was communicating with the urethra via a duct and both vas deferens were inserting in it. The duct was ligated and partial ablation and omentalisation of the structure was performed. Histopathological examination identified features consistent with a true uterus masculinus. Bacteriology of the cystic fluid cultured Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis. The cat recovered uneventfully and with no ongoing clinical issues.
Association between fibrosis around the tumor and postoperative infectious complication in patients with esophageal cancer who underwent preoperative therapy
Authors: Gakuhara Atsushi , Yamashita Kotaro , Miyazaki Yasuhiro , Adachi Kei , Momose Kota , Saito Takuro , Tanaka Koji , Makino Tomoki , Yamamoto Kazuyoshi , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundMultidisciplinary treatment combining chemotherapy, chemo radiation therapy (CRT), and surgery has been utilized for advanced esophageal cancer. However, preoperative treatment could cause postoperative inflammation and complications. We hypothesized that fibrosis surrounding tumor tissue caused by preoperative treatment could induce postoperative systemic inflammation and influence postoperative complications.MethodsSurgical specimens from patients with thoracic esophageal cancer who underwent preoperative CRT (38 cases) or chemotherapy (77 cases) and those who received no preoperative treatment (49 cases) were evaluated to measure the fibrotic area adjacent to the tumor (10 mm from the tumor edge) by applying Azan staining. Pleural effusion and peripheral blood serum interleukin‐6 levels were analyzed to evaluate local and systemic postoperative inflammation in 37 patients.ResultsThe fibrotic areas around the tumors were significantly larger in patients who underwent preoperative CRT than in patients who underwent chemotherapy (p < 0.001) or who had received no preoperative therapy (p < 0.001). Infectious complications were higher in patients who underwent preoperative CRT than chemotherapy (p = 0.047) or surgery alone (p < 0.001). The patients with larger fibrotic areas had more infectious complications (p = 0.028). Multivariate analysis showed that both a large fibrotic area and preoperative CRT were correlated with infectious complications, but not significantly. Pleural effusion interleukin‐6 was significantly higher in patients who underwent preoperative CRT than in patients who received no preoperative therapy (p = 0.013).ConclusionsA large fibrotic peritumoral esophageal tissue area after preoperative treatment could cause postoperative inflammatory response and infectious complications.
Micropore structure and fractal characteristics of shale in Midwest China
Authors: Shen Rui , Zhang Xiaoyi , Yang Hang , Ren Huichen , Guo Hekun , Zhou Hongtao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo further clarify the optimal target layer in the horizontal section of Wufeng–Longmaxi shale, we selected 126 shale samples from the Wufeng–Longmaxi Formations (Long111 to Long114 and Long12 submember) as the primary study objects from the perspective of the microscopic pore structure. We conducted this experimental study on the pore structure of shale samples according to various methods, including low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and carbon dioxide adsorption experiments, atomic force microscopy, and nano-computed tomography scanning. We calculated the fractal dimensions of samples at different horizons through the study of the characteristics of adsorption–desorption isotherms using the Frenkel–Halsey–Hill model. These results indicated that the shale samples had a complex pore structure (with a higher fractal dimension). The fractal dimensions were positively correlated with the specific surface area and total organic carbon content of the shale samples, weakly positively correlated with the micropore pore volume, and negatively correlated with the average pore radius. The samples from the Wufeng Formation and the Long111 and Long112 submembers had large fractal dimensions, whereas the samples from Long12 had the smallest fractal dimension. The pores of the shale samples generally were type H2/3, which were characterized by wedge, tabular, and ink-bottle shapes. Only three H3-type pore samples corresponded to the three smallest fractal dimension values. The Wufeng Formation’s Long 111 and Long 112 layers should be the target layers for horizontal wells. In this study, we identified the optimal target layer of the horizontal shale profile of Wufeng–Longmaxi Formation, which holds great significance for shale oil and gas development in this formation.
Removal of lead ions (Pb2+) from aqueous solution using chitosan/starch composite material: Experimental and density functional theory findings
Authors: Çelik Muhammed Safa , Çaylak Osman , Kütük Nurşah , Yenidünya Ali Fazıl , Çetinkaya Serap , Maslov Mikhail M. , Kaya Savaş 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTreatment of wastewater has become vital to prevent environmental pollution in recent years. Adsorption is an easily applicable, low-cost and efficient method and is the subject of this study. In this study, an adsorbent was synthesized to be used in heavy metal removal using chitosan and starch. The composite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. It was determined that the composite had an amorphous and compact structure. Adsorption experiments were carried out under the optimized parameters such as solution pH, concentration, adsorbent amount, equilibrium time, and temperature. It shows that during adsorption, with the increase in pH, the adsorption efficiency and adsorption capacity first increase and then a fluctuation occurs. The highest adsorption efficiency and Q value were reached at pH 3.46 as 78% and 0.038 mol/kg, respectively. Moreover, the adsorption capacity (Q) reached its highest value with a value of 0.067 mol/kg in the presence of 30 mg adsorbent. Equilibrium experiments were validated by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models. To investigate the adsorption mechanism, pseudo-first-order (PFO) and pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic models were used. It was determined that the adsorption process followed the D-R isotherm (R2 = 0.99) and PSO (R2 = 0.99). Therefore, the existence of chemical adsorption can be mentioned. Thermodynamic parameters enthalpy (∆H), Gibbs free energy (∆G) and entropy change (∆S) were investigated. The adsorbate-adsorbent interactions were studied by density functional theory (DFT).
Protective role of SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG against breakthrough infections among European healthcare workers during pre and post-Omicron surge—ORCHESTRA project
Authors: Spiteri Gianluca , D’Agostini Marika , Abedini Mahsa , Ditano Giorgia , Collatuzzo Giulia , Boffetta Paolo , Vimercati Luigi , Sansone Emanuele , De Palma Giuseppe , Modenese Alberto , Gobba Fabriziomaria , Liviero Filippo , Moretto Angelo , dell’Omo Marco , Fiordi Tiziana , Larese Filon Francesca , Mauro Marcella , Violán Concepción , Mates Dana , Oravec Bérešová Jana , Monaco Maria Grazia Lourdes , Carta Angela , Verlato Giuseppe , Porru Stefano 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Anti SARS-CoV-2 vaccination initially showed high effectiveness in preventing COVID-19. However, after the surge of variants of concern, the effectiveness dropped. Several studies investigated if this was related to the decrease of the humoral response over time; however, this issue is still unclear. The aim of this study was to understand whether SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG levels can be used to predict breakthrough infection risk and define the timing for further booster doses administration.

Method
Within the framework of the ORCHESTRA Project, over 20,000 health workers from 11 European centers were enrolled since December 2020. We performed two Cox proportional hazards survival analyses regarding pre-Omicron (from January to July 2021) and Omicron (December 2021–May 2022) periods. The serological response was classified as high (above the 75th percentile), medium (25th-75th), or low (< 25th).

Results
Seventy-four (0.33%) and 2122 (20%) health workers were infected during the first and second periods, respectively. Both Cox analyses showed that having high anti-S titer was linked to a significantly lower risk of infection as compared to having medium serological response [HR of high vs medium anti-S titer = 0.27 (95% CI 0.11–0.66) during the first phase, HR = 0.76 (95% CI 0.62–0.93) during the second phase].

Conclusion
Vaccine effectiveness wanes significantly after new variants surge, making anti-S titer unsuitable to predict optimal timing for further booster dose administration. Studies on other immunological indicators, such as cellular immunity, are therefore needed to better understand the mechanisms and duration of protection against breakthrough infection risk.
Investigating indigenous knowledge awareness among South African science teachers for developing a guideline
Authors: Photo Patricia , McKnight Marcell 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis research article explores the development of preliminary guidelines for the integration of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) into science classrooms. The study addresses the need for such guidelines to enhance learning outcomes in STEM. Grounded in Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, the research investigates science teachers’ familiarity with IKS, their beliefs about its relevance, and their proposed strategies for its effective incorporation into science education. The study employed an interpretive qualitative research approach, conducting two independent case studies with a total of five teachers from primary and secondary schools in Hazyview, Mpumalanga. Through surveys and interviews, teachers’ perspectives were explored. A combination of inductive and deductive thematic analysis was used. The findings reveal varied levels of familiarity among teachers, differing perceptions of IKS relevance, and few proposed strategies for IKS integration. Additionally, preliminary guidelines were developed to bridge a gap between cultural knowledge and scientific understanding. These guidelines aim to empower teachers to transition from the familiar (IKS) to the unfamiliar (Western science), fostering a more culturally responsive science education environment. The study acknowledges the limitations of a small sample size, emphasizing the depth of qualitative awareness over generalizability. The proposed guidelines offer a foundation for further research and practical implementation, contributing to the advancement of inclusive and culturally relevant science education.
Effects of Seafood Mushroom Spent Substrate Solid-State Fermentation Combined with PGPR as a Microbial Fertilizer on the Soil Environment and Growth Promotion of Cenchrus fungigraminus
Authors: Li Jing , Lei Yufang , Qin Zheng , Liu Junyuan , Rensing Christopher , Lin Zhanxi , Lin Dongmei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Careless burning, discarding, or overfertilization of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is environmentally harmful. The reuse of SMS resources is a matter of concern.

Methods
Spent seafood mushroom substrate solid-state fermentation combined with Rhizobium pusense solution was added to soil to evaluate its environmental and Cenchrus fungigraminus seedling growth effects in pot trial experiments.

Results
The 40% fermented seafood mushroom SMS (fresh weight) with R. pusense treatment had significantly higher total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (AMN), organic matter, etc., and decreased soil electrical conductivity (EC) and increased pH compared with other treatment. Soil catalase (CAT), dehydrogenase (DHA), and urease (UE) activities were significantly improved; there were no differences in CAT and UE activities between 40% (T4) and 50% (T5) SMS additions. C. fungigraminus seedling height and leaf length increased gradually and were significantly different from those of the positive control. The 30–50% seafood mushroom SMS treatment increased plant TN by 5.76–10.00% and total phosphorus by 15.44–16.55%. Plant root length and root activity peaked in T4; however, plant split root number and root activity in T5 decreased by 43.96% and 26.97% compared with those in T4. According to Pearson correlation and one-dimensional regression analyses, the seafood mushroom SMS content affected fertility > enzyme activity > plant growth. Principal component analysis and redundancy analysis showed that the effect of the seafood mushroom SMS concentration on the soil environment was mainly reflected in plant aboveground and root activity.

Conclusions
Under an SMS addition amount of 40%, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria promoted the growth of C. fungigraminus seedlings to a greater extent.
Drunken Mountains: Analysis of the Bennett and Ponce Monoliths of Tiwanaku (AD 500–1100) from a Multispecies Perspective
Authors: Villanueva Criales Juan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Archaeological research on the architecture and sculpture of Tiwanaku society in the south-central Andes follows two separate paths: one emphasizes iconographic interpretation, whereas the other studies lithic materials’ origin and spatial relations. This separation, stemming from dualistic modern thought, is an obstacle to a comprehensive understanding of lithic sculptures and their role in Tiwanaku society. This article focuses on the Ponce and Bennett monoliths, the two largest and most complex sculptures of the Tiwanaku ceremonial center. It presents the results of an iconographic analysis identifying minimal design components ordered in a three-level nested hierarchy and their distribution over the spatial structures of both sculptures. This analysis incorporates existing information about lithic materials and quarries, the monoliths’ locations, and spatial relationships. All those data are interpreted in the light of Aymara and Quechua ontologies about the relationships between mountains, stones, and images. Characterizing aspects of the Tiwanaku site and its role in lithic production, this article extends the limits of Tiwanaku society to include nonhuman agents and suggests that we overcome anthropocentric biases.
Classroom-based extensive reading: a review of recent research
Authors: Robb Thomas N. , Ewert Doreen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis survey of recent research on extensive reading (ER) for language learners focuses on ER in the classroom. While early adopters of ER imagined the quick emergence of an intrinsically motivated independent reader, the reality of much classroom-based language learning is that without considerable teacher guidance and supportive transitional activities, students are not likely to reach self-motivated independent ER either in or out of the classroom. Many of the studies included here, mostly non-experimental and classroom-based, reflect this reality. These studies confirm previous research on the general efficacy of ER in promoting motivation, vocabulary, and fluency development, but they also provide evidence for a variety of ways to support reluctant and grade-focused students who are only willing to engage with the target language in the classroom. This review also considers the many impediments that restrict the implementation of ER with language learners in school contexts. Separate sections discuss ER motivation and attitudes, ER and vocabulary, the effects of ER on reading fluency, as well as speculation on the relationship between “time on task” and progress in the various reading subskills. Each major section concludes with a table summarizing the research that has been discussed and suggestions for future investigation.
Masers in accretion burst sources
Authors: Bayandina Olga ,   the M2O collaboration, Kobak Agnieszka , Caratti o Garatti Alessio , Tolmachev Alexander , Volvach Alexandr , Alakoz Alexei , Wootten Alwyn , Bisyarina Anastasia , Dzodzomenyo Andrews , Sobolev Andrey , Bartkiewicz Anna , Aberfelds Artis , Stecklum Bringfried , Kramer Busaba , Macdonald Callum , Cyganowski Claudia , Colomer Fransisco , Miro Cristina Garcia , Brogan Crystal , Li Dalei , Smits Derck , Engels Dieter , Ladeyschikov Dmitry , Johnstone Doug , Popova Elena , Proven-Adzri Emmanuel , van den Heever Fanie , Orosz Gabor , Surcis Gabriele , Wu Gang , MacLeod Gordon , Linz Hendrik , Imai Hiroshi , van Langevelde Huib , Val’tts Irina , Shmeld Ivar , Chibueze James O. , Brand Jan , Kumar Jayender , Green Jimi , Vorster Job , Eislöffel Jochen , Kim Jungha , Sugiyama Koichiro , Menten Karl , Immer Katharina , Rygl Kazi , Sunada Kazuyoshi , Kim Kee-Tae , Volvach Larisa , Moscadelli Luca , Jordan Lucas , Uscanga Lucero , Gray Malcolm , Szymczak Marian , Olech Mateusz , Hoare Melvin , Durjasz Michał , Uchiyama Mizuho , Shakhvorostova Nadya , Wolak Pawel , Gulyaev Sergei , Khaibrakhmanov Sergey , Breen Shari , Goedhart Sharmila , Casu Silvia , Ellingsen Simon , Kurtz Stan , Weston Stuart , Yoshihiro Tanabe , Natusc Tim , Hunter Todd , Hirota Tomoya , Baan Willem , Vlemmings Wouter , Chen Xi , Gong Yan , Yonekura Yoshinori , Szabó Zsófia Marianna , Abraham Zulema 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecently, remarkable progress has been made in understanding the formation of high mass stars. Observations provided direct evidence that massive young stellar objects (MYSOs), analogously to low-mass ones, form via disk-mediated accretion accompanied by episodic accretion bursts, possibly caused by disk fragmentation. In the case of MYSOs, the mechanism theoretically provides a means to overcome radiation pressure, but in practice it is poorly studied - only three accretion bursts in MYSOs have been caught in action to date. A significant contribution to the development of the theory has been made with the study of masers, which have proven to be a powerful tool for locating “bursting” MYSOs. This overview focuses on the exceptional role that masers play in the search and study of accretion bursts in massive protostars.
A Global Assessment of Heatwaves Since 1850 in Different Observational and Model Data Sets
Authors: Lipfert Laura , Hand Ralf , Brönnimann Stefan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe show that ModE‐Sim, a global ensemble of atmospheric model simulations that uses observed ocean boundary conditions and radiative forcings providing 36 members with daily climate information can be used to in‐depth analyze the known spatial and temporal variability of heatwaves in the Northern Hemisphere and Australia during the past 160 years. It can also be used to study actual past extreme events like heatwaves during the El Nino 1877/1878. To analyze past heatwaves we use a novel approach of a transient baseline climatology and compare to different observational data sets. Furthermore, we analyze sea surface temperature anomalies during the most extreme heatwave summers in North America, Europe and Australia and identify the most prominent anomaly patterns over the Subpolar North Atlantic and in the Central Pacific. Using a large ensemble of forced simulations, like ModE‐Sim can consequently contribute to a better understanding of preindustrial heatwaves, their decadal variability and their driving mechanisms.
Are Foreshocks Fore‐Shocks?
Authors: Zaccagnino Davide , Vallianatos Filippos , Michas Georgios , Telesca Luciano , Doglioni Carlo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractForeshocks are spatially clustered seismic events preceding large earthquakes. Since the dawn of seismology, their occurrence has been identified as a possible mechanism leading to further crustal destabilization, hence, to major failures. However, several cases occurred without any previous anomalous seismic activity, so that the hypothesis of foreshocks as reliable seismic precursors fails to pass statistical tests. Here, we perform an all‐round statistical comparative analysis of seismicity in Southern California to assess whether any differences can be identified between swarms and foreshocks. Our results suggest that extremely variable seismic patterns can forerun mainshocks, even though they tend to be preceded by clusters with more numerous events spread over larger areas than swarms and with a wider range of magnitudes. We provide a physical explanation of such dissimilarity and conclude, despite it, that foreshocks can hardly be reliable short‐term precursors of large earthquakes in California.