bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why is DNA damage signaling so complicated? Chaos and molecular signaling
Authors: Yarosh Daniel B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMolecular signaling in eukaryotic cells is accomplished by complex and redundant pathways converging on key molecules that are allosterically controlled by a limited number of signaling proteins. The p53‐signaling pathway is an example of a complicated sequence of signals produced in response to DNA damage. This pattern of signaling may arise from chance occurrences at the origin of life and the necessities imposed on a nanomolar system. From this viewpoint, chaos theory may explain the origin, complexity, and convergence of these pathways. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 38:132–134, 2001 © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multivariate data analysis of fluorescence signals from biological aerosols
Authors: Tjärnhage Torbjörn , Strömqvist Marianne , Olofsson Göran , Squirrell David , Burke James , Ho Jim , Spence Mel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper describes the use of multivariate data analysis of multiwavelength fluorescence measurements of biological aerosols collected by an air to liquid cyclone sampler. The enriched aerosol suspension was analyzed in a flow cell by a commercial spectrofluorometer at eight different wavelength combinations. The data were obtained from the disseminations of biological simulants at the 6th Joint Field Trials at Defence Research Establishment Suffield, Ralston, Alberta, Canada. The measurement concept was to use intrinsic biological fluorescence to distinguish between the different simulants as well as to distinguish them from interfering particles such as smoke and dust. Fluorescence data were analyzed using principal component analysis. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 5: 171–176, 2001
Performance of algebraic multi‐grid solvers based on unsmoothed and smoothed aggregation schemes
Authors: Webster R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA comparison is made of the performance of two algebraic multi‐grid (AMG0 and AMG1) solvers for the solution of discrete, coupled, elliptic field problems. In AMG0, the basis functions for each coarse grid/level approximation (CGA) are obtained directly by unsmoothed aggregation, an appropriate scaling being applied to each CGA to improve consistency. In AMG1 they are assembled using a smoothed aggregation with a constrained energy optimization method providing the smoothing. Although more costly, smoothed basis functions provide a better (more consistent) CGA. Thus, AMG1 might be viewed as a benchmark for the assessment of the simpler AMG0. Selected test problems for D'Arcy flow in pipe networks, Fick diffusion, plane strain elasticity and Navier–Stokes flow (in a Stokes approximation) are used in making the comparison. They are discretized on the basis of both structured and unstructured finite element meshes. The range of discrete equation sets covers both symmetric positive definite systems and systems that may be non‐symmetric and/or indefinite. Both global and local mesh refinements to at least one order of resolving power are examined. Some of these include anisotropic refinements involving elements of large aspect ratio; in some hydrodynamics cases, the anisotropy is extreme, with aspect ratios exceeding two orders. As expected, AMG1 delivers typical multi‐grid convergence rates, which for all practical purposes are independent of mesh bandwidth. AMG0 rates are slower. They may also be more discernibly mesh‐dependent. However, for the range of mesh bandwidths examined, the overall cost effectiveness of the two solvers is remarkably similar when a full convergence to machine accuracy is demanded. Thus, the shorter solution times for AMG1 do not necessarily compensate for the extra time required for its costly grid generation. This depends on the severity of the problem and the demanded level of convergence. For problems requiring few iterations, where grid generation costs represent a significant penalty, AMG0 has the advantage. For problems requiring a large investment in iterations, AMG1 has the edge. However, for the toughest problems addressed (vector and coupled vector–scalar fields discretized exclusively using finite elements of extreme aspect ratio) AMG1 is more robust: AMG0 has failed on some of these tests. However, but for this deficiency AMG0 would be the preferred linear approximation solver for Navier–Stokes solution algorithms in view of its much lower grid generation costs. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A numerical study of an unsteady laminar flow in a doubly constricted 3D vessel
Authors: Rathish Kumar B. V. , Yamaguchi T. , Liu H. , Himeno R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUnsteady flow dynamics in doubly constricted 3D vessels have been investigated under pulsatile flow conditions for a full cycle of period T. The coupled non‐linear partial differential equations governing the mass and momentum of a viscous incompressible fluid has been numerically analyzed by a time accurate Finite Volume Scheme in an implicit Euler time marching setting. Roe's flux difference splitting of non‐linear terms and the pseudo‐compressibility technique employed in the current numerical scheme makes it robust both in space and time. Computational experiments are carried out to assess the influence of Reynolds' number and the spacing between two mild constrictions on the pressure drop across the constrictions. The study reveals that the pressure drop across a series of mild constrictions can get physiologically critical and is also found to be sensitive both to the spacing between the constrictions and the oscillatory nature of the inflow profile. The flow separation zone on the downstream constriction is seen to detach from the diverging wall of the constriction leading to vortex shedding with 3D features earlier than that on the wall in the spacing between the two constrictions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ectopic sequences from truncated HMGIC in liposarcomas are derived from various amplified chromosomal regions
Authors: Meza‐Zepeda Leonardo A. , Berner Jeanne‐Marie , Henriksen Jørn , South Andrew P. , Pedeutour Florence , Dahlberg Anine B. , Godager Linda H. , Nižetić Dean , Forus Anne , Myklebost Ola 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe HMGIC gene codes for an architectural transcription factor frequently rearranged by translocation in lipomas and other benign mesenchymal tumors. In sarcomas, malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin, the gene is also found to be rearranged, but in addition amplified and overexpressed. Here we report the sequence, chromosomal localization, and expression patterns of 11 novel ectopic sequences fused to exons 2 and 3 of HMGIC in seven different sarcoma samples. In addition, we identified a number of variant transcripts observed previously in benign tumors. Consistent with the suggested role of HMGIC in adipocytic differentiation, most of the novel ectopic sequences were observed in well‐differentiated liposarcomas. These tumors are known to have complex marker chromosomes containing amplified segments from several chromosomes. Five novel sequences were derived from 12q14–q15, where HMGIC resides, two from 1q24, a region frequently amplified in these types of tumors, two from 11q14, and one from chromosome 2. All except one of the aberrant transcripts encoded truncated proteins with intact DNA‐binding domains (AT hooks) but lacking the C‐terminal acidic region, a target for constitutive phosphorylation by protein kinase CK2. Some of the ectopic sequences were transcribed in other tissues, and most of the ectopic sequences also showed recurrent amplification in liposarcomas. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unusual case of leukemic mantle cell lymphoma with amplified CCND1/IGH fusion gene
Authors: Gruszka‐Westwood Alicja M. , Atkinson Shayne , Summersgill Brenda M. , Shipley Janet , Elnenaei Manal O. , Jain Paresh , Hamoudi Rifat A. , Kaeda Jaspal S. , Wotherspoon Andrew C. , Matutes Estella , Catovsky Daniel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe describe a case of leukemic mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) with complex karyotype and amplification of the CCND1/IGH fusion gene. Testing for the presence of t(11;14), the hallmark of MCL, revealed multiple copies of the fusion signals. We therefore conducted extensive molecular cytogenetic studies to delineate the nature and consequences of such an abnormality. We localized the amplification to the der(14)t(11;14) and to a der(2) chromosome in a form of interspersed chromosome 11 and 14 material. This resulted in high expression of cyclin D1 mRNA and the protein expressed independently of the cell cycle phase. CGH analysis revealed that the overrepresentation on chromosome 11 included chromosomal band 11q23 in addition to the CCND1 locus at 11q13. The band 11q23 harbors the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene recently proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of MCL with high incidence of deletions in this locus. Using YAC 801e11, containing the ATM gene, we demonstrated several hybridization signals, suggesting that this region also formed part of the amplicon. This case also showed TP53 gene abnormalities: protein expression, monoallelic deletion, and a mutation in exon 5. The clinical course was aggressive, and the patient died within 6 months of presentation. This is to our knowledge the first description of amplification of the CCND1/IGH fusion gene in a human neoplasm, which may have played a role in the fulminating course of the disease in this patient. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Soil management in pre‐Hispanic raised field systems: Micromorphological evidence from Hacienda Zuleta, Ecuador
Authors: Wilson Clare , Simpson Ian A. , Currie Elizabeth J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSoils‐based evidence derived from thin section micromorphology is used to explore contrasts in pre‐Hispanic and Hispanic arable land management practices associated with raised fields in an inter‐Andean valley of Ecuador. Differences in textural pedofeature characteristics suggest that, where they are found in the same locality, camellón systems were more intensively manured and cultivated than wachu systems. Both, however, were more intensively managed than traditional Hispanic arable fields. The importance of the camellón in pre‐Hispanic agriculture is emphasized by soils‐based evidence that highlights the efforts made to clear these fields of volcanic ash after the Quilotoa eruption of ca. A.D. 1280. This research suggests that, in an andosol context, pre‐Hispanic and Hispanic arable land management practices leave relict and fossil soil micromorphology features that can be used to interpret land use intensities. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An enhancer sequence directs LacZ expression to developing pharyngeal endoderm in transgenic mice
Authors: Parmar Hema , Coletta P. Louise , Faruque Nadeem , Sharpe Paul T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSummary: The murine Hoxc‐6 homeobox gene comprises three exons with two distinct promoters (PRI and PRII) located 9 kb apart. To characterise the PRII promoter, a region 3 kb upstream of the transcription start site was sequenced, and an Antananapedia‐like consensus binding sequence was found (Coletta et al., 1991). A LacZ reporter gene construct, containing three copies of this sequence, directs highly specific expression in cells forming pharyngeal endoderm in transgenic mice. Expression was first detected in a few individual anterior endoderm cells at E7.5, which increase in number up to E9.5, where expression was clearly visible in the pharyngeal endoderm. Expression of the endodermal genes HNF3β, Pax‐9, Shh, and Nkx2.5 showed colocalization with the LacZ‐positive cells in the foregut and pharyngeal endoderm. This novel enhancer provides a means of tracking the morphogenetic movement of endodermal cells fated to form the foregut. genesis 31:57–63, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genome‐wide linkage analyses of total serum IgE using variance components analysis in asthmatic families
Authors: Mathias R.A. , Freidhoff L.R. , Blumenthal M.N. , Meyers D.A. , Lester L. , King R. , Xu J.F. , Solway J. , Barnes K.C. , Pierce J. , Stine O.C. , Togias A. , Oetting W. , Marshik P.L. , Hetmanski J.B. , Huang S.K. , Ehrlich E. , Dunston G.M. , Malveaux F. , Banks‐Schlegel S. , Cox N.J. , Bleecker E. , Ober C. , Beaty T.H. , Rich S.S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVariance components models were used to analyze total IgE levels in families ascertained though the Collaborative Study of the Genetics of Asthma (CSGA) using a genome‐wide array of polymorphic markers. While IgE levels are known to be associated with clinical asthma and recognized to be under strong genetic control (here the heritability was estimated at 44–60% in the three racial groups), specific genes influencing this trait are still largely unknown. Multipoint analysis of 323 markers yielded little indication of specific regions containing a trait locus controlling total serum IgE levels (adjusted for age and gender). Although a number of regions showed LOD statistics above 1.5 in Caucasian families (chromosome 4) and in African‐American families (chromosomes 2 and 4), none yielded consistent evidence in all three racial groups. Analysis of total IgE adjusted for gender, age and Allergy Index (a quantitative score of skin test sensitivity to 14 common aeroallergens) was conducted on these data. In this analysis, a much stronger signal for a trait locus controlling adjusted log[total IgE] was seen on the telomeric end of chromosome 18, but only in Caucasian families. This region accounted for most of the genetic variation in log[total IgE], and may represent a quantitative trait locus for IgE levels independent of atopic response. Oligogenic analysis accounting simultaneously for the contribution of this locus on chromosome 18 and other chromosomal regions showing some evidence of linkage in these Caucasian families (on chromosomes 2, 4 and 20) failed to yield significant evidence for interaction. Genet. Epidemiol. 20:340–355, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New approach to localize speech relevant brain areas and hemispheric dominance using spatially filtered magnetoencephalography
Authors: Kober Helmut , Möller Martin , Nimsky Christopher , Vieth Jürgen , Fahlbusch Rudolf , Ganslandt Oliver 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe used a current localization by spatial filtering‐technique to determine primary language areas with magnetoencephalography (MEG) using a silent reading and a silent naming task. In all cases we could localize the sensory speech area (Wernicke) in the posterior part of the left superior temporal gyrus (Brodmann area 22) and the motor speech area (Broca) in the left inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 44). Left hemispheric speech dominance was determined in all cases by a laterality index comparing the current source strength of the activated left side speech areas to their right side homologous. In 12 cases we found early Wernicke and later Broca activation corresponding to the Wernicke‐Geschwind model. In three cases, however, we also found early Broca activation indicating that speech‐related brain areas need not necessarily be activated sequentially but can also be activated simultaneously. Magnetoencephalography can be a potent tool for functional mapping of speech‐related brain areas in individuals, investigating the time‐course of brain activation, and identifying the speech dominant hemisphere. This may have implications for presurgical planning in epilepsy and brain tumor patients. Hum. Brain Mapping 14:236–250, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and properties of 4,5‐dihydrobenzo[e]imidazo[2,1‐c][1,4,2]diazaphosphinine derivatives
Authors: Ivanov Vladimir V. , Yurchenko Alexandr A. , Chernega Alexander N. , Pinchuk Alexandr M. , Tolmachev Andrej A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA number of 4,5‐dihydrobenzo[e]imidazo[2,1‐c][1,4,2]diazaphosphinine derivatives were prepared by the direct phosphorylation of 1‐(4‐Chlorophenylcarboxamido)‐2‐(1H‐1‐imidazolyl)‐5‐trifluoromethylbenzene in basic medium with phosphorus(III) bromide and dibromophenylphosphine. The tricyclic compounds 6a, 6b, and 9 having a trivalent phosphorus atom undergo the diazaphosphinine ring opening upon treatment with secondary amines in the presence of sulfur. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:84–92, 2002; DOI 10.1002/hc.10000
SRN1 reaction of haloarenes with benzenethiolate, benzeneselenolate, and benzenetellurolate ions promoted by SmI2
Authors: Zhang Yongmin , Guo Hongyun 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSRN1 reaction is of haloarenes with benzenethiolate, benzeneselenate, and benzenetellurolate ions can be carried out by use of samarium diiodide (SmI2) as a promoter in DMF‐THF to afford the corresponding ArZPh compounds in moderate to good yields. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:539–541, 2001
The impact of problem drinking on employment
Authors: Feng Weiwei , Zhou Wei , Butler J.S. , Booth Brenda M. , French Michael T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSocial cost studies report that alcohol use and misuse impose a great economic burden on society, and over half of the total economic costs are estimated to be due to the loss of work productivity. Controversy remains, however, as to the magnitude and direction of the effects of alcohol consumption on productivity. Furthermore, most of the studies have looked at the relationship between problem drinking and wages. This paper investigates the impact of problem drinking on employment by analysing a random sample of men and women of prime working age from six Southern states in the US (Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi and Tennessee). The data set contains 4898 females and 3224 males, with information on both employment and problem drinking. To eliminate the bias that may result from single‐equation estimation, we used a bivariate probit model to control for possible correlation in the unobservable factors that affect both problem drinking and employment. We find no significant negative association between problem drinking and employment for both men and women, controlling for other covariates. The findings are consistent with other research and highlight several methodological issues. Furthermore, the study suggests that estimates of the costs of problem drinking may be overstated owing to misleading labour supply relationships. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Family health effects: complements or substitutes
Authors: Ganz Michael Lee 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGenetic endowments play a fundamental role in the production of health. At birth individuals have different capacities to be healthy, largely due to genetic dispositions. Whether or not individuals realize this health depends on their choice of health behaviours. Previous research has linked negative factors beyond the individual's control, which include genetic endowments, to both poor health and poor health behaviours. The health economics literature proposes that behaviours and genetic (or family health) endowments can be either substitutes or complements in the production of health. The goal of this paper is to investigate the behavioural consequences of changes in knowledge about one's genetic endowment. Using two waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Followup Study, I find that for smokers, smoking intensity substitutes for newly diagnosed smoking‐related family cancers, while smoking intensity is complementary to newly diagnosed non‐smoking‐related family cancers. I find no evidence for the hypothesized relationships with respect to alcohol consumption among drinkers. These results have implications for the growing field of genetic testing and test development. These results also reinforce current practices of ascertaining family health histories in the context of medical history taking. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of health on acute care supplemental insurance ownership: an empirical analysis
Authors: Shmueli Amir 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe empirical effect of health status on private insurance ownership is a mixture of the effect of health on the demand for insurance (subjected to adverse selection) and its effect on the insurer's underwriting practice (subjected to risk‐selection). Using bivariate partial observability probit models, this paper provides an empirical identification of health effects on the probability of application and on the probability of rejection in the Israeli market for acute care supplemental health insurance. The analysis shows that while the reduced‐form health effect on ownership is negligible, the structural effects are sizeable and indicate that sicker individuals are more likely to apply, but are also more likely to be rejected. The policy implications of the above findings are discussed in the context of the Israeli health system. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of exogenous thyroid‐stimulating hormone on thyroid papillary carcinoma cells in tissue culture
Authors: Chaimoff Moshe , Raiter Annat , Avidan Sally , Shpitzer Thomas , Feinmesser Rafael , Hardy Britta 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the prognostic value of thyroid suppression therapy in patients with thyroid carcinoma, we studied the effect of thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) on the morphology, proliferation rate, and the T3, T4 production rate of primary thyroid carcinoma cells in culture.MethodsFrom August 1997 to February 1998 tissues were collected for immediate culture from 13 patients undergoing surgery for thyroid cancer. Cells were incubated for 48 h with TSH in different concentrations. T3 and T4 production was measured by radioimmunoassay; cell proliferation was measured in a radioactive counter. Morphology was determined by cytologic examination.ResultsTen samples were eligible for analysis. Changes in TSH affected T3 and T4 levels. The proliferation rate was not influenced by TSH levels.ConclusionsThyroid papillary carcinoma cells grown in culture maintain their T3 and T4 synthesis ability. This ability is TSH‐dependent and correlates with TSH concentration. The morphology of the cells is also maintained. However, their proliferation is not TSH‐dependent, placing the current postthyroidectomy treatment policy in question. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 479–483, 2001
Experimental study and analysis of the application of ice‐storage capsules in an air conditioning system
Authors: Ye Shuiquan , Ye Zhaofa , Zhu Hua , Feng Toqing , Zhang Zhanwang , Yuan Hai , Hu Shing‐Bun 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIce‐storage capsules are used in an energy‐efficient air conditioning system. Experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of different structural configurations of the capsules on the freezing and melting processes of the refrigerant solution sealed inside the capsules. The predictions of the numerical simulation are in good agreement with the test results. The results show that the freezing speed of the capsules equipped with a metal core is 30% to 50% faster than for capsules without the metal core. In addition, it was found that the special refrigerant solution used in the experiment had a lower freezing point and a higher freezing speed than water. The effects of the size of the metal core, and the coolant temperatures are also investigated. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(1): 21–27, 2002
Characteristics of particle mixtures in a liquid‐fluidized bed
Authors: Hashizume Kenichi , Matsue Takahiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBehavior of particle mixtures was investigated in a liquid‐fluidized bed experimentally. In the experiment, two kinds of particles of different diameters, and of the same or different materials, were charged in a fluidization column and fluidized by water. Based on the observation of fluidization, a flow pattern map was proposed using the Archimedes number ratio and the terminal velocity ratio, which classifies the two patterns, that is, separation and homogeneous mix. Measured mean void fractions of particle mixtures agreed well with the values calculated from those for each particle independently. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(3): 175–184, 2001