bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary considerations and challenges of proton-boron fusion energy extraction on the EHL-2 spherical torus
Authors: XIE 谢 Huasheng 华生 , GU 顾 Xiang 翔 , WANG 王 Yumin 嵎民 , WANG 王 Quanyun 泉云 , WANG 王 Feng 丰 , KONG 孔 Haozhe 浩喆 , DONG 董 Jiaqi 家齐 , LIANG 梁 Yunfeng 云峰 , PENG 彭 Yueng-Kay Martin 元凯 , LIU 刘 Minsheng 敏胜 , Team the EHL-2 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
EHL-2 spherical torus (ST) is one of the key steps of p-11B (proton-boron or hydrogen-boron) fusion energy research in ENN. The fusion produced energy is carried mainly by alpha particles of average energy 3 MeV, which ideally can be converted to electricity with high efficiency (> 80%). However, there exist serious difficulties to realize such conversion in a fusion device, due to the high energy density and high voltage required. To comprehensively describe the progress of the EHL-2 physics design, this work presents preliminary considerations of approaches for achieving energy conversion, highlighting critical issues for further investigation. Specifically, we provide an initial simulation of alpha particle extraction in the EHL-2 ST configuration as a starting point for p-11B fusion energy conversion.
Experimental simulation of daemonic work extraction in open quantum batteries on a digital quantum computer
Authors: Navid Elyasi Seyed , Rossi Matteo A C , Genoni Marco G 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The possibility of extracting more work from a physical system thanks to the information obtained from measurements has been a topic of fundamental interest in the context of thermodynamics since the formulation of the Maxwell’s demon thought experiment. We here consider this problem from the perspective of an open quantum battery interacting with an environment that can be continuously measured. By modeling it via a continuously monitored collisional model, we show how to implement the corresponding dynamics as a quantum circuit, including the final conditional feedback unitary evolution that allows to enhance the amount of work extracted. By exploiting the flexibility of IBM quantum computers and by properly modelling the corresponding quantum circuit, we experimentally simulate the work extraction protocol showing how the obtained experimental values of the daemonic extracted work are close to their theoretical upper bound quantified by the so-called daemonic ergotropy. We also demonstrate how by properly modelling the noise affecting the quantum circuit, one can improve the work extraction protocol by optimizing the corresponding extraction unitary feedback operation.
The truth about co-benefits: a multidimensional feasibility assessment for thailand and beyond
Authors: Zusman Eric , Akahoshi Kaoru , Hanaoka Tatsuya , Malley Christopher S , Wangwongwatana Supat , Onmek Nutthajit , Paw-armart Ittipol , Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh , Nguyen Huy Lai , Kuylenstierna Johan C I , Hirayama Tomoki , Goto Yurie , Kazumasa Kawashima , Amann Markus , Klimont Zbigniew , Slater Jessica 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Research has yielded increasingly robust estimates of the co-benefits from mitigating climate change while reducing air pollution, improving health, and meeting other development needs. Though quantifying these often hidden benefits could ease cost concerns and lower technological constraints for development-friendly climate solutions, achieving co-benefits frequently requires overcoming difficult-to-measure social and institutional barriers. This study extends insights from research focusing on quantitatively assessing the feasibility of a 1.5 °C future to build a multidimensional framework for measuring different barriers to achieving co-benefits. The framework offers a novel yet generalizable approach for bringing context-appropriate assessments of different dimensions of feasibility into the integrated assessment modelling that underpins work on co-benefits. It then outlines five steps for applying that framework to evaluate the size of different barriers for transport, agricultural and residential energy co-benefit solutions in Thailand. The results demonstrate that the sum of the delays from social/institutional barriers exceed economic/technological barriers for four out of six studied solutions. These delays also lead to increases of 24% to 31% in PM2.5 emissions relative to a no-barriers effective implementation scenario between 2015 and 2030 and 2040. The feasibility framework can be integrated into not only national policy scenarios but also project assessments, following trends in carbon finance. An international barriers database as well as strengthening links to work on barriers and technological diffusion, transaction costs, and multi-level transitions can also help spread multi-dimensional feasibility assessments across countries and scales.
Effectiveness of Henan flood communication among opinion leaders on Douyin
Authors: Liu Gan , Mohamad Saleh Mohamad Saifudin , Huang Miao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Periodic floods in China have been observed in recent years. While social media plays an essential role in disseminating flood information, limited research on the effectiveness of flood communication among opinion leaders in China. The specific characteristics, communication strategies, strengths, and weaknesses of the videos shared by opinion leaders remain ambiguous. The current study aims to explore the effectiveness of Douyin as a platform for opinion leaders in communicating flood crisis information by applying media richness and opinion leader theories. The main objective of this study is to examine the characteristic of flood information on Douyin, the communication strategies of flood information used by opinion leader, and the strengths and weaknesses of Douyin platform during flood communication. The results demonstrated that social media influencers were the most active opinion leaders in disseminating flood information, with short videos between zero and 15 seconds as the most popular communication format. In addition, hashtags and emoticons were essential communication strategies. While viral short videos were significant advantages of Douyin flood communication, rumours and fake news impeded the further development and spread of flood information. Summarily, this study significantly enriched the fields of crisis and environmental communication that received limited investigations in China previously.
Extreme high temperatures and heatwave events across Europe in 2023
Authors: Sun Yuqing , Jia Gensuo , Xu Xiyan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
With global mean temperatures reaching record highs in 2023, many regions experienced successive heatwaves, causing negative impacts on human health, social economy, and ecosystems. Europe is among the continents that experienced a series of extreme heatwaves over large areas in the year. However, there is a lack of quantitative analysis of spatial and temporal features of such record high heatwaves. Here, we investigated the spatial patterns and seasonal evolution of heatwaves over Europe in 2023. Overall, Europe was unusually warm with prolonged seasons and expanded spatial extent of heatwaves in 2023 compared to the baseline period (1991–2020). The earliest heatwave occurred in the Iberian Peninsula in late April, with the heatwave intensity up to 30 °C. Then, heatwaves were observed in the British Isles and Scandinavia in mid-June successively, with duration above 10 days and the highest intensity in some areas since 1991. Extreme heatwaves extended through the autumn primarily in the Mediterranean areas and western Europe, with some areas experiencing maximum temperature up to 32 °C and duration exceeding 12 days. The heatwave number, duration, frequency, and intensity in areas affected by extreme heatwaves in all seasons were much higher than the average in the baseline period. Especially in the autumn, the frequency and seasonal cumulative heat anomalies were up to 25 days and 65 °C in some areas, respectively. These findings unveil the characteristics of heatwaves in Europe across seasons in 2023 and sound the alarm for developing adaptation measures to extreme heat events.
Detection of moisture content profile of concrete using ground penetrating radar
Authors: Xia Zihan , Xie Liyu , Xue Songtao , Zhu Peng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Moisture content in concrete is essential, as it influences durability, strength, and cracking susceptibility, critical for structural longevity and safety. This paper aims to explore the potential of GPR in detecting the distribution of moisture content in concrete. By utilizing the approximate linear relationship between the dielectric constant and the moisture content of concrete, this study realizes the detection of concrete moisture content profile by GPR. The concrete moisture content profile is derived from radar echo data using full waveform inversion (FWI). The simulations show that different initial values converge to the true values with a maximum error of 0.33%, demonstrating the feasibility of the method. Experimental results demonstrate a strong correlation between GPR measurements and the gravimetric method, with an average error of 2.5%, affirming the accuracy of GPR in detecting moisture content profiles for engineering applications.
Numerical investigation of the effect of harrow tine’s geometry on fatigue life
Authors: Rahman Arafater , Rehman Syed Fasih Ur , Kabir Golam , Khondoker Mohammad Abu Hasan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Harrow tines experience large deflections due to varying soil conditions, leading to fatigue failure through cyclic loads. Selecting the appropriate coil diameter, pitch, and number of coils is crucial for designing harrow tines that can withstand these deflections. The aim of this research is to develop new harrow tine designs that offer improved sustainability compared to conventional harrow tines used in the Canadian prairies. Nine double helical torsion spring harrow tine designs were developed, differing in coil diameters, pitch, and number of turns, while keeping the wire diameter constant. A comparative analysis was conducted, considering fatigue life, failure criteria, and stress distribution patterns assessed through Finite Element Modeling (FEM). Additively manufactured 38% scaled harrow tine prototypes underwent load-bearing tests using identical load sets of 20, 50, 100, and 200 grams. The 2T3D2P, 1T4D2.5P, and 2T4D2.5P models emerged as reliable harrow tine designs with higher fatigue life of 14,115, 14,438, and 27,618 cycles compared to the frequently used conventional harrow tine’s 7533.87 cycles. Coil diameter has a preferential influence on achieving higher fatigue life, overshadowing the effects of pitch and the number of coils. Furthermore, models with larger coil diameters displayed greater flexibility against the defined weight loads, as observed in the load-bearing tests.
Approaches for the measurement of lateral dimensions of graphene oxide flakes using scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Chemello Giovanni , Despotelis Konstantinos , Paton Keith R , Clifford Charles A , Pollard Andrew J , Radnik Jörg , Hodoroaba Vasile-Dan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
There is a practical need, especially from the industrial community, to accurately measure the size and shape of graphene oxide (GO) flakes of commercial origin, in a reliable, simple, and unambiguous way. The sample preparation is a decisive step to obtain a homogeneous distribution of flakes on a substrate, which is suitable for image analysis. A certain level of inhomogeneity was still found but could be accepted for the purpose of this lateral size measurement study. A measurement procedure for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) including sample preparation, measurement, image analysis and reporting was developed and validated to be applied for the lateral size analysis of ‘real-world’ 2D flakes. Samples were produced for analysis by drop casting GO dispersions onto Si/SiO2 substrates. After SEM imaging, the images were analysed using two approaches to derive size and shape parameters. The influence of different operators has been evaluated. A maximum difference of 10% for the size descriptor and 2% for shape descriptor was found for both image analysis approaches when different samples of the same source material are measured and analysed by the same operator, hence indicating variability caused by sample preparation and analysing different sample areas. When different laboratories/operators perform the image analysis on exactly the same images and same flakes, the deviation found for the size descriptor is 2% and 4.6% corresponding to the two approaches applied, while no difference in the shape descriptor is observed.
Ross and the Ethics of Virtue
Authors: Szutta Natasza , Szutta Artur 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The chapter examines the compatibility of W. D. Ross’s ethical theory with virtue ethics. While Ross is traditionally viewed as a deontologist, we argue that some aspects of his theory align with virtue ethics. We define key characteristics of virtue ethics, including the centrality of virtue, focus on moral agents, and an anti-theoretical approach, and then assess Ross’s ethics against these criteria. We elaborate on the importance of the category of virtue in Ross’s ethics, his views on moral reasoning, and the role of the moral agent, ultimately arguing for Ross’s significant vicinity to virtue ethics. We also suggest that Ross’s concept of prima facie duties and his moderate deontological approach could be valuable for developing virtue ethics, positing Ross as a bridge between deontological and virtue ethics.
scMMAE: masked cross-attention network for single-cell multimodal omics fusion to enhance unimodal omics
Authors: Meng Dian , Feng Yu , Yuan Kaishen , Yu Zitong , Cao Qin , Cheng Lixin , Zheng Xubin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Multimodal omics provide deeper insight into the biological processes and cellular functions, especially transcriptomics and proteomics. Computational methods have been proposed for the integration of single-cell multimodal omics of transcriptomics and proteomics. However, existing methods primarily concentrate on the alignment of different omics, overlooking the unique information inherent in each omics type. Moreover, as the majority of single-cell cohorts only encompass one omics, it becomes critical to transfer the knowledge learnt from multimodal omics to enhance unimodal omics analysis. Therefore, we proposed a novel framework that leverages masked autoencoder with cross-attention mechanism, called scMMAE (single-cell multimodal masked autoencoder), to fuse multimodal omics and enhance unimodal omics analysis. scMMAE simultaneously captures both the shared features and the distinctive information of two single-cell omics modalities and transfers the knowledge to enhance single-cell transcriptome data. Comparative evaluations against benchmarking methods across various cohorts revealed a notable improvement, with an increase of up to 21% in the adjusted Rand index and up to 12% in normalized mutual information in the context of multimodal fusion. In the realm of unimodal omics, scMMAE demonstrated an overall enhancement of approximately 20% in the adjusted Rand index and nearly 10% in normalized mutual information. Other nine metrics, including the Fowlkes–Mallows index and silhouette coefficient, further underscored the high performance of scMMAE. Significantly, scMMAE exhibits an elevated level of proficiency in distinguishing between different cell types, particularly on CD4 and CD8 T cells. Availability and implementation: scMMAE source code at https://github.com/DM0815/scMMAE/.
Deconvolution of spatial transcriptomics data via graph contrastive learning and partial least square regression
Authors: Mo Yuanyuan , Liu Juan , Zhang Lihua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Deciphering the cellular abundance in spatial transcriptomics (ST) is crucial for revealing the spatial architecture of cellular heterogeneity within tissues. However, some of the current spatial sequencing technologies are in low resolutions, leading to each spot having multiple heterogeneous cells. Additionally, current spatial deconvolution methods lack the ability to utilize multi-modality information such as gene expression and chromatin accessibility from single-cell multi-omics data. In this study, we introduce a graph Contrastive Learning and Partial Least Squares regression-based method, CLPLS, to deconvolute ST data. CLPLS is a flexible method that it can be extended to integrate ST data and single-cell multi-omics data, enabling the exploration of the spatially epigenomic heterogeneity. We applied CLPLS to both simulated and real datasets coming from different platforms. Benchmark analyses with other methods on these datasets show the superior performance of CLPLS in deconvoluting spots in single cell level.
From eschatology to scatology: Recent work on Virgil’s Fourth Eclogue
Authors: Hejduk Julia D 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
This article provides an overview of scholarly work on Virgil’s Fourth Eclogue since the publication of Robin Nisbet’s ‘Virgil’s Fourth Eclogue: Easterners and Westerners’ (1978). It shows that, if anything, the mysteries and controversies surrounding Virgil’s mantic masterpiece have only deepened in recent decades.
Skin cancer risk in over 200.000 patients with haematologic malignancies in 30 years; a nationwide population-based study in the Netherlands
Authors: Eggermont Celeste J , Hollatz Andrya , Wakkee Marlies , Louwman Marieke , Dinmohamed Avinash G , Posthuma Eduardus F M , Nijsten Tamar , Hollestein Loes 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Patients with haematologic malignancies are at increased risk of developing skin cancer and often experience worse skin cancer-related outcomes. However, there is a lack of nationwide, population-based data with long-term follow-up on the incidence and risks of different skin cancer types across all haematologic malignancies.

Objectives
To assess population-based risk estimates for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), malignant melanoma (MM), Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) among patients with haematologic malignancies, stratified by skin cancer type and haematologic malignancy subgroup. These estimates can serve as a base for surveillance guidelines and patient education.

Methods
This nationwide population-based epidemiologic cohort study used data on 210,794 patients diagnosed with a haematologic malignancy between 1989 and 2020 from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR). In addition, data on each type of histopathologically confirmed skin cancer per patient after haematologic malignancy diagnosis was retrieved from the NCR. Patients with a history of skin cancer prior to their haematologic malignancy were excluded. Cumulative incidences, standardized incidence ratio’s (SIRs), and absolute excess risks for each of the four skin cancers were calculated and stratified by haematologic malignancy subgroup, age, sex, follow-up, and primary treatment.

Results
The overall 10-year cumulative incidence of developing a first skin cancer was 2.6% for CSCC, 0.5% for MM, 0.05% for MCC, and 4.8% for BCC. Compared to the general population, nearly all haematologic malignancy subgroups showed more than a twofold increased risk of CSCC, MM, MCC and BCC. Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) showed the highest risks for each of the four skin cancers, with SIRs of 4.4 for CSCC, 2.7 for MM, 9.3 for MCC, and 2.6 for BCC. These elevated risks persisted for more than 30 years after haematologic malignancy diagnosis.

Conclusions
Patients with all types of haematologic malignancies, and especially those with CLL, have a lifetime increased risk of developing different types of skin cancer. These findings highlight the importance of creating awareness among patients and care providers about this increased risk and promoting sun-protective measures and regular skin self-examinations in this high-risk population.
Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI in nodal lymphoma: correlation of quantitative MR perfusion parameters with lymphoma subtype, Lugano stage, and Ki-67 index
Authors: Kataria Rohit , Ghasi Rohini Gupta , Kataria Satya Pal , Kolte Sachin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Research into the intratumoural microenvironment in lymphoma has been escalated along with improved survival and new targeted therapies with an intent to refine risk stratification and prognostication. Various studies have reported significance of quantitative DCE-MRI parameters for predicting biological behaviour of various tumours. This study is an endeavour to supplement the existing literature on quantitative DCE-MRI in nodal lymphoma.

Objectives
To study the correlation of quantitative DCE-MRI parameters of Ktrans, Kep, and Ve with subtype, Lugano stage at diagnosis and Ki-67 proliferation index (PI) in nodal lymphoma.

Methods
33 patients of age &gt;12 years with newly diagnosed nodal lymphoma underwent DCE-MRI. Ktrans, Kep, and Ve were generated from extended Tofts model and correlated with lymphoma subtype, Lugano staging, and Ki-67 PI.

Results
Mean Ktrans and Kep values were significantly higher in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma than in Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Considering Ki-67 PI value of &gt;45% as aggressive lymphoma, the mean Ktrans (659.37 × 10−3 min−1 vs 288.00 × 10−3 min−1, P &lt; .001) and Kep (1256.63 × 10−3 min−1 vs 689.82 × 10−3 min−1, P = .004) values in aggressive lymphomas were significantly higher compared to non-aggressive lymphomas. ROC curve analysis revealed a threshold Ktrans value of ≥359 × 10−3 min−1 and Kep value of ≥853 × 10−3  min−1 for diagnosing aggressive lymphomas with a sensitivity of 95%, 90%, specificity of 100%,82%, and diagnostic accuracy of 91.7%,86.7%, respectively. There was no significant difference in DCE-MRI parameters of various Lugano stage subgroups.

Conclusion
DCE-MRI parameters have the potential to non-invasively predict the subtype, aggression and Ki-67 PI in nodal lymphoma.

Advances in knowledge
The knowledge that Ktrans is higher in aggressive lymphomas is novel. It adds to previous literature regarding MR perfusion in various neoplasms.
Short-term outcomes from the ‘Watch and Wait’ (WoW) study: prospective cohort study
Authors: Rydbeck Daniel , Azhar Najia , Blomqvist Lennart , Chabok Abbas , Folkesson Joakim , Gerdin Anders , Hermus Linda , Matthiessen Peter , Martling Anna , Nilsson Per J , Angenete Eva 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Despite absence of level 1 evidence on the long-term oncological safety of non-operative management for rectal cancer (watch and wait), increased implementation has occurred globally over the past decades. In Sweden, a pan-national prospective non-randomized study was initiated in 2017 to assess its implementation.

Method
Patients with biopsy-proven rectal cancer receiving neoadjuvant therapy according to national guidelines in whom a clinical complete response was detected at reassessment were eligible for inclusion following informed consent. Only patients with an opportunistic watch-and-wait approach were included. Inclusion and follow-up, according to the study protocol, was managed at the participating study centres. The primary outcome measure of the study is 3-year disease-free survival. Here, the secondary short-term outcomes local regrowth rate, distant metastasis rate and outcomes after surgery for regrowth, at 6 months follow-up, are reported.

Results
Between January 2017 and February 2023, 211 patients with a clinical complete response were included in the study. Thirty-three (16%) patients developed suspicious regrowth within 6 months of inclusion. Thirty-two of 33 patients had abdominal resectional surgery for regrowth. The curative intention rate was 94% for patients with regrowth. Three patients (1.4%) developed distant metastases within 6 months of inclusion.

Conclusion
This Swedish national study on watch and wait reports regrowth rates after 6 months are in line with previous reports in the literature. Nearly all patients with early regrowth could be treated with salvage surgery and curative intent.