bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Quechua Impact in Amuesha, an Arawak Language of the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Adelaar Willem F H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses the issue of language contact between Quechua and Amuesha, an Arawak language spoken in the Andean foothills of central Peru. The presence of lexical borrowings from Quechua in Amuesha has been discussed in a pioneering article by Mary Ruth Wise (1976). Wise considers it possible that Quechua loans may have contributed to the phonological characteristics of the Amuesha language, which are highly divergent and unusual from the viewpoint of the remainder of the Arawak language family. Here we will try and supply a further specification, both geographical and temporal, of the sources of borrowing from a Quechua perspective. It will be argued that the diffusion of Quechua lexicon in Amuesha is very different in nature from the incidental borrowings that affected other Andean and Amazonian languages. In accordance with the theme of the present volume, we will then focus our attention on the possibility of a Quechua impact on Amuesha grammar. It will be shown that, although such influence probably did occur, it was very limited when compared with the rather spectacular lexical influx. The discussion of the linguistic facts will permit us to reXect on the social and historical context of the contact situation in this particular case. Our discussion will begin with a characterization of the geographical setting of the Amuesha people and language in relation to Quechua-speaking areas.1
Feeling the Need The Borrowing of Cariban Functional Categories into Mawayana (Arawak)
Authors: Carlin Eithne B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter deals with a situation of language contact over a period of some 150 years in the southern Guianas that has resulted inter alia in the borrowing, across language families, of a pronoun to express first person plural exclusive, and some functional categories pertaining to nominal past tense marking, affective and frustrative marking, and the marking of a noun to express change of state. All of these borrowed categories into Mawayana are obligatory in the Cariban languages. Lexical borrowing in either direction between Mawayana and the Cariban languages is minimal.
What is the Management of Technological Innovation and Why is it Important?
Authors: Dodgson Mark , Gann David , Salter Ammon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Of all the challenges faced by managers today, the management of technological innovation (MTI) is one of the most demanding. Get it right and firms create value and profit, develop sustainable competitiveness, and become vibrant, fun places to work, attracting and retaining the most productive and creative staff. Get it wrong and firms can face serious, and perhaps terminal, problems through losing money, workers, and reputation. In the vast majority of business sectors, if firms do not innovate, their competitors will, and they will be put out of business in any case.
Innovation Strategy
Authors: Dodgson Mark , Gann David , Salter Ammon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Of all the aspects of MTI, innovation strategy is the most challenging. Firms can be very good at the various activities involved in MTI, such as R&D or operations, which are discussed later in the book, but this counts for little unless it is supported by a well-grounded innovation strategy that guides firms’ choices, prioritizations, and sequences. There is little value in being highly eﬃcient at developing or delivering new products and services if they are the wrong products and services for the firm and its markets. Well-chosen new products and services deliver value, build the technological base of the firm, develop its capabilities, improve its processes, and add to its reputation and brands.
Networks and Communities
Authors: Dodgson Mark , Gann David , Salter Ammon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter defines innovation-supporting networks and communities and examines how they can be used to help a firm improve its innovative efforts. We distinguish between networks and communities that broadly support innovation and formal technological collaborations between limited numbers of partners with specific objectives. The chapter pays particular attention to the importance of social capital, organizational learning, and trust in networks and to the role of lead users in innovation. In Chapter 2 we discussed national, regional, sectoral, and technological systems of innovation and the way they influence the broad context in which firms innovate. Here the focus is less on the structure and components of these systems and more on the way firms operate within the networks and communities to which they belong and the management challenges involved in using them to best effect.
Fame in London, prosperity in Stratford
Authors: Holland Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In December 1594 the Chamberlain’s Men performed The Comedy of Errors at Gray’s Inn. The play’s design as a classical farce based on Plautus’s Menaechmi, a play Shakespeare might well have read at school, made it especially suitable for the Christmas revels of the young gentry at one of the inns of court. In the course of the next year or so the company also performed Love’s Labour’s Lost, probably its lost sequel ‘Love’s Labour’s Won’, Richard II, Romeo and Juliet, and A Midsummer Night’s Dream, an extraordinary output that was perhaps the result of Shakespeare’s busy writing activity during the plague time.
Public figure, King’s Man
Authors: Holland Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Having completed the second tetralogy in his history cycle, with the epilogue to Henry V gesturing to the earlier sequence (‘Which oft our stage hath shown’; epilogue, l. 13), Shakespeare might reasonably have thought he had dramatized enough English history and had made enough use of Holinshed’s Chronicles. He turned to Roman history, a field he had ignored since Titus Andronicus but a rich resource for political analysis of contemporary society.
Responses of the Victorian age
Authors: Holland Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Some attitudes to Shakespeare elsewhere in nineteenth-century society came from quite other needs. Shakespeare’s plays required to be changed to make them accessible to children and acceptable for families. Charles and Mary Lamb produced their Tales from Shakespeare in 1807 (mostly written by Mary), turning the plays into placidly and even at times sentimentally moral stories that were also designed to free children’s (and especially young girls’) imaginations by their encounters with the worlds of the plays. Their versions have never been out of print since and have formed the first encounters with Shakespeare for many generations of children.
Worldwide Will
Authors: Holland Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Shakespeare’s global presence had been altered irrevocably by the development of film. His plays started to be recorded almost as soon as sound recordings began; performances were no longer to be contained within the theatre. Edwin Booth had been recorded in 1890 with a speech from Othello and Ellen Terry, Henry Irving, and Beerbohm Tree were also caught on cylinder. Hamlet was sold ‘complete’ on ten 78 r.p.m. discs with John Gielgud, Macbeth in Orson Welles’s Mercury Theatre production.
Introduction
Authors: Woolf Lord 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book consists of a series of lectures that I gave during my time as a judge. Its title, The Pursuit of Justice, was chosen because I believe judges should strive to achieve justice. They should not be content to be merely neutral arbitrators who, having listened to the arguments of both sides, give reasoned judgments. They should be proactive; even fiercely proactive in the pursuit of justice. This was not the attitude of judges when I started to practice law, but it had become the pattern by the time I retired on 1 October 2005. I was privileged to be able to assist with bringing the changes about. Some of the lectures in this book help to explain why and how the changes occurred.
The Needs of a 21st Century Judge
Authors: Woolf Lord 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Abstract This paper suggests the judiciary has coped extraordinary well with changes imposed upon them in recent times. It attributes this success in part to the role played by the Judicial Studies Board. It would have been very difficult to successfully introduce the civil justice reforms, or implement the Human Rights Act 1998, without the training which the JSB provided. There is a discussion on the qualities required of being a judge and the role judges have to play in modern society. New demands are being placed upon judges. Referring, by way of example, to the civil justice reforms which have significantly extended the discretion of the judiciary as to case management decisions, it emphasises that the judiciary require skills which they currently lack. More resources are required to meet the long-term needs of the judiciary if it is to meet the needs of society in the 21st century.
The Impact of Human Rights
Authors: Woolf Lord 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Abstract If England is to be true to its heritage, a commitment to the rule of law, it has to be, and has to be seen to be, a champion of human rights. This paper discusses the incorporation of the European Convention on Human Rights into English law via the Human Rights Act 1998. It suggests the Act has strengthened our democracy by giving each member of the public his or her human rights in a manner that was not previously available. It discusses the position in English law prior to the Human Rights Act, where a member of the public could not go before the English courts and secure a remedy based on a human right, but instead had to complain that a public body had failed to comply with some legal duty or otherwise acted unlawfully. There has been a considerable change of culture in the role of judges and additional tension has arisen between the courts and the executive.
Human Rights and Minorities
Authors: Woolf Lord 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Abstract Our justice systems today have to be judged according to how they protect the rights of the individual. The role of the courts is not to legislate, not to determine policy, but to ensure access to the courts and to apply the law fearlessly. This paper discusses how the law in England has been used to protect the rights of minorities both prior to and after incorporation of the European Convention on Human Rights into English Law via the Human Rights Act 1998. If Parliament does not strike the right balance between the rights of society as a whole and the rights of the individual, the courts, with their power to declare legislation incompatible with the European Convention, will make the difficult decisions involved in upholding the rule of law to ensure individuals and minorities are not subject to discrimination.
Making Sense of Sentencing
Authors: Woolf Lord 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Abstract This paper discusses the need for the government to provide more resources for sentencing policy by identifying the resources that can be made available and then tailoring its policies to match those resources. It considers the purposes of sentencing and the role of the Sentencing Guidelines Council. Concluding while it is essential resources must be used in the manner which is most likely to provide the best protection for the public, it supports a more focussed role for sentencing that if used constructively could increase public confidence in community punishment and reduce reliance on imprisonment.
Access to Justice Final Report: Overview
Authors: Woolf Lord 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Abstract This paper provides an overview of the Access to Justice Final Report, which was designed to meet the needs of the public in the 21st century by creating a comprehensive and coherent package for the reform of civil court proceedings. It aimed to improve access to justice and reduce the costs of litigation, reduce the complexity of the rules and modernise terminology, and remove unnecessary distinctions of practice and procedure. It recommended the courts should have the final responsibility for determining what procedures are suitable for each case; setting realistic timetables; ensuring the procedures and timetables are complied with; and ensuring that defended cases are allocated to short, medium or fast track systems.
The Rule of Law and the Development of a Modern Economy in China
Authors: Woolf Lord 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Abstract This paper focuses on the importance and requirements of the rule of law in relation to China ‘s developing legal system and emerging modern economy. It explains that the Chinese economy requires effective and economic methods to resolve the disputes that are the inevitable consequence of commercial activities. It discusses the use of mediation and alternative dispute resolution throughout China ‘s history and promotes its continued use under the Uniform Contract Law, arguing that it can make more commercial sense to decide cases out of court, saving time, cost and being less stressful than adversarial proceedings. It concludes that a developed state which is properly administered should be able to comply with the rule of law to support an effective market
The struggle with France, 1689–1702
Authors: Claydon Tony , Speck W A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Given the extraordinary nature of his accession, William had surprisingly little difficultiy making himself secure on the throne of England and Wales. Although not all the political nation welcomed his elevation, few thought there was any real alternative in February 1689, and most continued to accept the new king, either to keep out the papist James or because supporting the de facto regime brought more stability than working for a Stuart restoration. It is true that William had diﬃculties with the old king’s oﬃcer corps in the army.
Liposuction
Authors: Waterhouse Norman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Liposuction is the most popular procedure in cosmetic surgery.
It is a procedure that improves body shape and contours, but is not a means of weight loss.
The best results are achieved in patients under the age of 40 with good skin and muscle tone.
Liposuction, lipoplasty, liposculpture, and body contouring are all terms used to describe a surgical procedure using a cannula attached to a vacuum suction device to remove fat from various areas of the body.
Rhinoplasty
Authors: Waterhouse Norman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The nose must be assessed with regard to the whole face including the brow and the chin.
Surgery to improve the appearance of the nose must preserve the function of the nose.
Modern rhinoplasty tends to modify existing structures rather than remove them.
Surgeon and patient must agree on realistic expectations of what can or cannot be achieved.
Rhinoplasty (a nose job) is a popular procedure. The nose is a prominent and highly visible feature of the face and has a powerful impact on our perception of attractiveness. If the nose appears to be to long, prominent, thick, thin, bulbous, wide, pointy, crooked, or droopy, surgery may be considered. The problem may be confined to one area such as the tip of the nose or a pronounced ‘hump’. If the problem is due to a bent or crooked nose, this may be due to previous trauma or injury. Often this may result in a variety of ‘functional’ problems, including breathing difficulty, snoring, excessive mucus, blockages, and allergic-type symptoms. The surgery for these problems may involve a ‘septoplasty’ and/or a ‘turbinectomy’, which may or may not normally be required as part of an operation to improve appearance.
Eyelid and brow surgery
Authors: Waterhouse Norman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Eyelid surgery is complex and demanding. The surgeon should be highly skilled and experienced in these techniques.
Lower eyelid surgery has the potential to cause a variety of problems that are difficult to correct.
The eyelid area must be treated in the context of the rest of the face.
Ageing in the upper third of the face affects the brow, upper and lower eyelids, and the cheek area. These structures are not improved by a traditional facelift, which is directed at the lower cheek, jowls, jaw line, and neck. This distinction is very important to understand for several reasons. As well as appreciating the scope of facelifting by itself, it also explains why the results of facelifting may be disappointing. A facelift may achieve its objectives but result in a imbalance or disharmony in the overall effect. The features of ageing in the upper face may even be accentuated.
Lip surgery
Authors: Waterhouse Norman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Full plump lips are a desirable feature of a youthful, attractive face.
Temporary fillers offer a safe, reliable and effective means of enhancing the lip volume.
Permanent fillers may produce significant complications, even after many years.
Full or plump lips are universally regarded as desirable, attractive, and youthful. They are perceived as sensual and feminine. They have erotic and sexual potential. Lips are enhanced with lipstick and adorned in many cultures, including piercing or stretching with weights.
Engaged Scholarship in a Professional School
Authors: Van de Ven Andrew H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Understanding how research can advance scientific and practical knowledge is an ongoing challenge for scholars who work in professional schools, such as business, engineering, social work, medicine, agriculture, education, public administration, journalism, and law. A central mission of scholars in professional schools is to conduct research that both advances a scientific discipline and enlightens practice in a professional domain (Simon 1976). Professional schools typically build their raison d’eˆtre on the mission of conducting research knowledge that advances both science and practice (Simon 1976; Kondrat 1992; TranWeld and Starkey 1998). But this mission remains an elusive ideal.
Formulating the Research Problem
Authors: Van de Ven Andrew H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Problem formulation is often the first—and most important—task of the engaged scholarship process. Problem formulation plays a crucial role in grounding the subject or problem in reality, and directly affects how theory building, research design, and problem solving tasks are performed. Yet, researchers often overlook or pay little attention to problem formulation. Witness, for example, the glib problem statements in the introduction of most research articles in social science journals. Like other human beings, researchers tend not to be ‘problem-minded,’ and prefer instead to be ‘solution-driven’ by focusing on developing and testing models or theories for problems that often remain unclear.
Variance and Process Models
Authors: Van de Ven Andrew H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the research design activities illustrated in Figure 5.1 of the engaged scholarship process. It assumes that an empirical research study is being designed for the purpose of developing or testing a theory as discussed in Chapter 4 to examine a research problem and question as formulated in Chapter 3. Since a theory is not directly observable, it needs to be transformed into an operational research model. This chapter introduces two basic models—variance and process models—that are commonly used for designing social research to study different kinds of questions and propositions. The two models adopt different epistemological assumptions, hypotheses, and instruments for representing the theory and phenomenon being investigated. Following this overview, the next two chapters discuss operational steps and decisions in designing a variance model (Chapter 6) and process model (Chapter 7).
The Right of Resistance in Situations of Severe Deprivation
Authors: Gargarella Roberto 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since the end of the 1990s, and following a decade of severe economic programs of structural adjustment, Latin America has experienced numerous popular revolts. These revolts involved massive popular manifestations over a period, and high levels of verbal and physical aggression against politicians, judges, and public officers in general. The protests included, for example, picketers blocking the traffic on national or state highways demanding employment, food, or subsidies, and noisy demonstrations or ‘cacerolazos’ (pots and pans demonstrations). Aggressive action aimed at public authorities reached their homes and properties, and also the public buildings where they work (government offices, the legislatures, and the courts).
The Halcyon Years: Terms of Reference
Authors: Fletcher Winston 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the second half of the twentieth century British advertising led the world, and Powers of Persuasion unashamedly bangs this British drum. As it happens Britain also led the world during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, which is counter-intuitive because America is widely thought to be the heartland of advertising. Well, the United States is much the largest advertising market in the world, accounting for about 45 per cent of all global expenditure, and the level of advertising expenditure per capita there hovers around 60 per cent above the level in Britain. But from the late 1950s, and particularly from the early 1970s onwards, the British advertising industry not only produced innovative and brilliant advertisements, it also led the field in other important and influential ways—a surge which continued until the end of the century.
Antecedents: Look Back in Wonder
Authors: Fletcher Winston 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Shop signs existed in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt, but the Athenians can probably lay claim to the invention of modern commercial advertising as we know it. In Athens there were town criers, chosen for their mellifluous voices and clear elocution, who interrupted their proclamations with paid-for advertisements (just as advertisements interrupt television newscasts today). Aesclyptoe, an early Athenian cosmetician, promoted his lotions and potions with consummate professionalism:
The Nineteen-Eighties: Brits Buy Up the Business
Authors: Fletcher Winston 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If the 1970s particularly celebrated British creative triumphs, the 1980s particularly celebrated British financial triumphs. On 2 July 1989 the New York Times Magazine devoted its front page to an 8-page feature titled ‘BRITS BUY UP THE AD BUSINESS ’. The Saatchis and Martin Sorrell ’s WPP had taken large bites out of the Big Apple. True, Britain ’s creativity continued to flower, and much of the 1970s impetus surged on into the 1980s. The first half of the decade introduced the public to Tosh, as in ‘Hello Tosh, Gotta Toshiba? ’; to J R Hartley endlessly scouring the Yellow Pages for his fishing book; to Lego ’s muchgarlanded Lego ‘Kipper ‘ commercial; and to Arkwright, the flat-capped, phlegmatic hero of the John Smith Bitter campaign which ran for nine years.