bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute and subchronic exposure to urban atmospheric pollutants aggravate acute respiratory failure in infants
Authors: Neto Amanda Barbosa , Ferraro Alexandre A. , Vieira Sandra E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUrban air pollution is a major factor that affects the respiratory health of children and adolescents. Less studied is exposure during the first two years of life. This study analyzed the influence of acute and subchronic exposure to urban air pollutants on the severity of acute respiratory failure (ARF) in the first two years of life. This population-based study included 7364 infants hospitalized with ARF. Acute exposure was considered to have occurred 1, 3 and 7 days before hospitalization and subchronic exposure was considered the mean of the last 30 and 60 days. We found that for acute exposure, significant increases in days of hospitalization (LOS) occurred at lag 1 day for NO2 (0.24), SO2 (6.64), and CO (1.86); lag 3 days for PM10 (0.30), PM2.5 (0.37), SO2 (10.8), and CO (0.71); and lag 7 days for NO2 (0.16), SO2 (5.07) and CO (0.87). Increases in the risk of death occurred at lag 1 day for NO2 (1.06), SO2 (3.64), and CO (1.28); and lag 3 days for NO2 (1.04), SO2 (2.04), and CO (1.19). Subchronic exposures at 30 and 60 days occurred for SO2 (9.18, 3.77) and CO (6.53, 2.97), respectively. The associations were more pronounced with higher temperatures and lower relative humidity levels. We concluded that acute and subchronic exposure to higher atmospheric concentrations of all the pollutants studied were associated with greater severity of ARF. The greatest increases in LOS and risk of death occurred with hot and dry weather.
Vector potential dual effect of promoting the proliferation of chondrocytes and inhibiting the calcification process in the articular cartilage
Authors: Suito Hirai , Minamizono Wataru , Yashima Nao , Matsunaga Hiroya , Fujikawa Kaoru , Ohsako Masafumi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOA commonly affects the articular cartilage of the tibia, and its calcification worsens its advancement and its prevalence has recently increased. Vector potential (VP) represents a novel physical therapy for treating OA. Since the impact of VP on articular cartilage remains unknown, we aimed to assess its effects on articular cartilage and its potential as a new treatment for OA. Here, we divided 24 male Wistar rats, 6-week-old, into control (CO, n = 12) and VP stimulus (n = 12) groups (VP conditions: volt, 67 mV; frequency, 20 kHz; current, 0.12 mA; experimental frequency, 30 min/days, 5 days/week, and 3 weeks). Articular cartilage can be classified into four layers: superficial, medial, deep, and calcified. Moreover, the number of chondrocytes in the articular cartilage was higher in the CO group compared to the VP group, although the calcified layer was thinner in the VP group. Furthermore, MKi67 exhibited higher expression in the VP group than in the CO group, while ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 was downregulated in the VP group. Our findings indicate that VP positively influenced chondrocyte proliferation and inhibited calcification in articular cartilage. Thus, VP stimulation may assist in the development of novel strategies for preventing OA.
Replacement of saturated fatty acids with linoleic acid in western diet attenuates atherosclerosis in a mouse model with inducible ablation of hepatic LDL receptor
Authors: Burr Stephanie D. , Chen Yongbin , Hartley Christopher P. , Zhao Xianda , Liu Jun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDietary saturate fatty acids (SFAs) have been consistently linked to atherosclerosis and obesity, both of which are characterized by chronic inflammation and impaired lipid metabolism. In comparison, the effects of linoleic acid (LA), the predominant polyunsaturated fatty acid in the Western diet, seem to diverge. Data from human studies suggest a positive association between high dietary intake of LA and the improvement of cardiovascular risk. However, excessive LA intake has been implicated in the development of obesity. Concerns have also been raised on the potential pro-inflammatory properties of LA metabolites. Herein, by utilizing a mouse model with liver-specific Ldlr knockdown, we directly determined the effects of replacing SFAs with LA in a Western diet on the development of obesity and atherosclerosis. Specifically, mice treated with a Ldlr ASO were placed on a Western diet containing either SFA-rich butter (WD-B) or LA-rich corn oil (WD-CO) for 12 weeks. Despite of showing no changes in body weight gain or adiposity, mice on WD-CO exhibited significantly less atherosclerotic lesions compared to those on WD-B diet. Reduced lesion formation in the WD-CO-fed mice corresponded with a reduction of plasma triglyceride and cholesterol content, especially in VLDL and LDL, and ApoB protein levels. Although it increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in the liver, WD-CO did not appear to affect hepatic injury or damage when compared to WD-B. Collectively, our results indicate that replacing SFAs with LA in a Western diet could reduce the development of atherosclerosis independently of obesity.
Control of stochastic and inverse stochastic resonances in a liquid-crystal electroconvection system using amplitude and phase noises
Authors: Huh Jong-Hoon , Shiomi Masato , Miyagawa Naoto 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStochastic and inverse stochastic resonances are counterintuitive phenomena, where noise plays a pivotal role in the dynamics of various biological and engineering systems. Even though these resonances have been identified in various systems, a transition between them has never been observed before. The present study demonstrates the presence of both resonances in a liquid crystal electroconvection system using combined amplitude and phase noises, which correspond to colored noises with appropriate cutoff frequencies (i.e., finite correlation times). We established the emergence of both resonances and their transition through systematic control of the electroconvection threshold voltage using these two noise sources. Our numerical simulations were experimentally confirmed and revealed how the output performance of the system could be controlled by combining the intensity and cutoff frequency of the two noises. Furthermore, we suggested the crucial contribution of a usually overlooked additional phase noise to the advancements in various noise-related fields.
An interventional clinical trial investigating the effects of Spirulina platensis on dental fluorosis and antioxidant system in lambs reared in endemic areas
Authors: Rahim Abdellatif , Sibaoueih Mounia , Essamadi Adekhalid , El Amiri Bouchra 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Spirulina platensis primary against dental fluorosis and secondary against oxidative stress in lambs reared in endemic fluorosis areas. Forty-eight lambs aged 5 months were divided into four equal groups (each one including 6 males and 6 females). Groups I and II served as controls belonging respectively to fluorosis-free (Settat) and endemic fluorosis (El Fokra) areas, while the other two Groups III and IV (belonging to El Fokra) received respectively a fixed daily intake of 250 and 500 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) of Spirulina platensis. The experiment was carried out for 13 months until the adult incisors appeared for all animals. According to the Dean’s Fluorosis Index (DFI), 500 mg/kg BW/day of Spirulina platensis (Group IV) protected against dental fluorosis. Moreover, in both male and female lambs, this dose significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced the plasmatic levels of fluoride, proteins, GSH, and MDA compared to the Group II. Furthermore, enzymatic activities of catalase and SOD increased significantly (p < 0.0001) in male and female lambs of the Group IV as compared to Group II. In conclusion, our findings support the potential use of Spirulina platensis as a valuable solution for addressing fluorosis in sheep, warranting further clinical trials.
Effects of masculinity vs. femininity on competence judgement of politician faces and election outcome prediction
Authors: Cheung Olivia S. , Jintcharadze Davit 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFirst impressions of politician faces can be effective in predicting election outcomes, based on perceived competence from candidate photographs. However, it remains unclear whether such effects arose from facial features or other non-facial information present in the photographs (e.g. hairstyles, clothes, or poses). In four pre-registered studies, participants completed two tasks in a counter-balanced order: rating competence of individually presented faces and predicting election outcome of each pair of winner and runner-up faces. We examined competence judgment and election outcome prediction on faces from male politicians depicted on original portraits (Experiment 1), or on computer-generated faces with facial features extracted from the portraits (Experiment 2). The faces were then either masculinized or feminized (Experiments 3 and 4). We found that competence ratings were significantly higher for winners than runners-up and that winners were more likely predicted to win the elections than runners-up in all but Experiment 4, where faces of the winners were feminized and faces of the runners-up were masculinized. Regardless of facial feature changes, correlations were found between competence ratings and election outcome prediction. These findings suggest that facial features are critical for evaluating competence and predicting election outcome, and that masculine features may enhance stereotypical leadership impressions.
Bioinoculants as a means of increasing crop tolerance to drought and phosphorus deficiency in legume-cereal intercropping systems
Authors: Benmrid Bouchra , Ghoulam Cherki , Zeroual Youssef , Kouisni Lamfeddal , Bargaz Adnane 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEnsuring plant resilience to drought and phosphorus (P) stresses is crucial to support global food security. The phytobiome, shaped by selective pressures, harbors stress-adapted microorganisms that confer host benefits like enhanced growth and stress tolerance. Intercropping systems also offer benefits through facilitative interactions, improving plant growth in water- and P-deficient soils. Application of microbial consortia can boost the benefits of intercropping, although questions remain about the establishment, persistence, and legacy effects within resident soil microbiomes. Understanding microbe- and plant-microbe dynamics in drought-prone soils is key. This review highlights the beneficial effects of rhizobacterial consortia-based inoculants in legume-cereal intercropping systems, discusses challenges, proposes a roadmap for development of P-solubilizing drought-adapted consortia, and identifies research gaps in crop-microbe interactions.
Ultrabroadband terahertz-band communications with self-healing bessel beams
Authors: Reddy Innem V.A.K. , Bodet Duschia , Singh Arjun , Petrov Vitaly , Liberale Carlo , Jornet Josep M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe large available bandwidth at sub-terahertz and terahertz frequencies has the potential to enable very high data rates for wireless communications. Moreover, given the large electrical size of terahertz antenna apertures, many future terahertz communication systems will likely operate in the near field. However, due to their reliance on highly directional beams, terahertz systems are susceptible to blockage. Here, we propose using Bessel beams to overcome issues caused by blockage due to their diffraction-free nature and self-healing properties in the near field. We compare the performance of information-bearing Bessel beams and Gaussian beams with and without an obstacle. We later discuss the use of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces to construct terahertz Bessel beams. Finally, we propose a metric to quantify the quality of imperfectly generated terahertz Bessel beams and explore their ability to self-heal. The results demonstrate that Bessel beams are an attractive option for near-field terahertz communications, especially when mitigating the effects of partial blockage.
Unsupervised and interpretable track‐to‐track association based on homography estimation of radar bias
Authors: Wei Xiong , Pingliang Xu , Yaqi Cui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTrack‐to‐track association methods based on machine learning and deep learning have greatly improved the association results, but the scope of application is limited by the poor interpretability and manual association labelling. To enhance the interpretability of the neural networks, enhance the credibility of association decisions, and reduce the consumption for labelling associated track pairs, the authors estimate and counteract radar bias by homography estimation to achieve track‐to‐track association. The proposed model is composed of a mixing extraction module and a homography estimation module. Aiming at the interaction of temporal and spatial features of tracks, the spatial‐temporal mixing features are extracted by a mixing extraction module. Focusing on attaining explainable discriminant factors, the homography matrix is generated by the homography estimation module. Targeting at the unsupervised learning, the radar bias and association matrix are estimated jointly so that the labelled track association pairs are not demanded. Finally, a track from one radar is transformed into the other radar, and the homography matrix that counteracts the radar bias can provide explainable discriminant factors and make the association decision more credible. Extensive experiments demonstrated that the proposed method can achieve better association results and the association results can be well interpreted.
Accurate and experimentally validated transition data for Si I and Si II
Authors: Pehlivan Rhodin A. , Hartman H. , Nilsson H. , Jönsson P. 
Published: October 2023

Aims. The aim of this study is to provide radiative data for neutral and singly ionised silicon, in particular for the first experimental oscillator strengths for near-infrared Si I lines. In addition, we aim to perform atomic structure calculations both for neutral and singly ionised silicon while including lines from highly excited levels.
Methods. We performed large-scale atomic structure calculations with the relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock method using the GRASP2K package to determine log(𝑔ƒ) values of Si I and Si II lines, taking into account valence-valence and core-valence electron correlation. In addition, we derived oscillator strengths of near-infrared Si I lines by combining the experimental branching fractions with radiative lifetimes from our calculations. The silicon plasma was obtained from a hollow cathode discharge lamp, and the intensity-calibrated high-resolution spectra between 1037 and 2655 nm were recorded by a Fourier transform spectrometer.
Results. We provide an extensive set of accurate experimental and theoretical log(𝑔ƒ) values. For the first time, we derived 17 log(𝑔ƒ) values of Si I lines in the infrared from experimental measurements. We report data for 1500 Si I lines and 500 Si II lines. The experimental uncertainties of our ƒ-values vary between 5% for the strong lines and 25% for the weak lines. The theoretical log(𝑔ƒ) values for Si I lines in the range 161 nm to 6340 nm agree very well with the experimental values of this study and complete the missing transitions involving levels up to 3s23p7s (61 970 cm−1). In addition, we provide accurate calculated log(𝑔ƒ) values of Si II lines from the levels up to 3s27f (122 483 cm−1) in the range 81 nm to 7324 nm.
Enabling discoveries of Solar System objects in large alert data streams
Authors: Le Montagner R. , Peloton J. , Carry B. , Desmars J. , Hestroffer D. , Mendez R. A. , Perlbarg A. C. , Thuillot W. 
Published: October 2023

Context. With the advent of large-scale astronomical surveys, such as the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and the forthcoming Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), the number of alerts generated by transient, variable, and moving astronomical objects is growing rapidly, reaching millions of alerts per night. Concerning the minor planets of the Solar System, their identification requires linking the alerts for many observations over a potentially lengthy period of time, leading to a very large combinatorial number.
Aims. The goal is to demonstrate how a third-party module dedicated to the identification of new minor planets of the Solar System can be integrated with the Fink alert broker real-time operations, which deals with massive alert data streams produced by large-scale surveys.
Methods. Our analysis takes advantage of the scientific surplus brought on by the Fink alert broker classification capabilities to first reduce the 111 275 131 processed alerts from ZTF between November 2019 and December 2022 (755 observation nights) to only 389 530 new Solar System alert candidates over the same period. We implemented a simple, yet pedagogical linking algorithm called Fink-FAT to create trajectory candidates in real time from alert data and extract orbital parameters. The analysis was validated on ZTF alert packets linked to confirmed Solar System objects from the Minor Planet Center (MPC) database. Finally, the candidates were confronted with follow-up observations.
Results. Between November 2019 and December 2022, Fink-FAT extracted 327 new orbits from candidate Solar System objects at the time of the observations, of which 65 had still remained unreported in the MPC database as of March 2023. After two late follow-up observation campaigns of six orbit candidates, four were associated with known minor planets of the Solar System, and two still remain unknown. In terms of performance, Fink-FAT took under 3 h to link alerts into trajectory candidates and to extract the orbital elements over the three years of Fink data, using a modest hardware configuration.
Conclusions. Despite a much lower efficiency than present linking algorithms, Fink-FAT reaches a high level of purity in reconstructing orbits and it runs fast, making it suitable for the real-time discovery of new minor planets. Fink-FAT is deployed in the Fink broker and analyzes, in real time, the alert data from the ZTF survey by regularly extracting new candidates for Solar System objects. Tests of scalability also show that Fink-FAT is capable of handling the even larger volume of alert data that will be sent by the Rubin Observatory’s real-time difference image analysis processing.
Range of Motion Adaptations During a Simulated Game Exposure in
Softball Pitchers
Authors: Talmage Jessica L. Downs , W. Fava Anthony , Friesen Kenzie B. , M. Bordelon Nicole , Oliver Gretchen D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHip and shoulder range of motion (ROM) alterations are correlated with increased
risk of injury in softball athletes. The purpose of this study was to
investigate bilateral shoulder and hip ROM adaptation during a simulated
softball double-header exposure. It was hypothesized that shoulder and hip ROM
would decrease after simulated game exposure and would not return to baseline
following a 30-minute break. Thirty (14.8±1.9 yrs,
162.5±18.3 cm, 71.79±16.03 kg) adolescent
softball pitchers participated. Testing included: bilateral hip and shoulder ROM
(preSG), simulated game exposure (100 pitches), bilateral hip and shoulder ROM
(postSG), 30-minute break, bilateral hip and shoulder ROM (preDH), pitching
first inning of a simulated double header (12 pitches), and bilateral hip and
shoulder ROM (postDH). Two separate repeated measures multivariate analyses of
variance tests determined differences in ROM between time points. Dominant
shoulder internal rotation ROM and non-dominant shoulder internal and external
rotation ROM significantly decreased from preDG. Stride hip external rotation
ROM and drive hip internal and external rotation ROM significantly decreased
from preSG to preDH. Key results revealed the break given between games may not
be sufficient recovery time for hip ROM. Thus, assessing ROM as workload
progresses can be a useful strategy for monitoring a softball pitcher’s
injury risk.
Unverträglichkeiten auf dental-kieferorthopädische
Materialien
Authors: Kränke Birger 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungBei notwendigen zahnrestaurativen Maßnahmen sowie Einbringen von
Zahnersatzmaterialien ist neben den Aspekten Ästhetik und Funktion auch
die Gewährleistung einer Materialverträglichkeit wesentlich.
Dies ist von besonderer Bedeutung, da Zahnersatz und beispielsweise auch
kieferorthopädische Bänder in den meisten Fällen
über Jahre bis Jahrzehnte im Mund verbleiben.
Geschlechterunterschiede in der kieferorthopädischen
Zahnbewegung
Authors: Latzko Lisa , Crismani Adriano G. 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Kieferorthopädie ist ein dynamischer Prozess, der die präzise
Anwendung von Kräften zur Erzielung gewünschter
Veränderungen im Gebiss und Kiefer umfasst. Während verschiedene
Faktoren die Wirksamkeit und Stabilität kieferorthopädischer
Behandlungen beeinflussen, legen neuere Forschungsergebnisse nahe, dass das
Geschlecht eine bedeutende Rolle in Geschwindigkeit und Muster der Zahnbewegung
spielen kann.Dieser Artikel hat zum Ziel, eine umfassende Übersicht über die
vorhandene Literatur zu Geschlechterunterschieden in der
Kieferorthopädie zu geben und potenzielle Auswirkungen auf die
Behandlungsplanung und -ergebnisse aufzuzeigen.Auch wenn weitere Forschung erforderlich ist, um die genauen Mechanismen hinter
den geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschieden in der kieferorthopädischen
Zahnbewegung zu verstehen, bietet die Berücksichtigung dieser bisher
bekannten Unterschiede die Möglichkeit eine personalisierte und
effektive kieferorthopädische Versorgung zu gewährleisten.Ein in vivo Experiment an Mäusen, soll bestehende Literatur
bestätigen.
Artificial Intelligence in Oncological Hybrid Imaging
Authors: Feuerecker Benedikt , Heimer Maurice M. , Geyer Thomas , Fabritius Matthias P , Gu Sijing , Schachtner Balthasar , Beyer Leonie , Ricke Jens , Gatidis Sergios , Ingrisch Michael , Cyran Clemens C 
Published: October 2023

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) applications have become increasingly relevant across a broad spectrum of settings in medical imaging. Due to the large amount of imaging data that is generated in oncological hybrid imaging, AI applications are desirable for lesion detection and characterization in primary staging, therapy monitoring, and recurrence detection. Given the rapid developments in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods, the role of AI will have significant impact on the imaging workflow and will eventually improve clinical decision making and outcomes.
Methods and Results The first part of this narrative review discusses current research with an introduction to artificial intelligence in oncological hybrid imaging and key concepts in data science. The second part reviews relevant examples with a focus on applications in oncology as well as discussion of challenges and current limitations.
Conclusion AI applications have the potential to leverage the diagnostic data stream with high efficiency and depth to facilitate automated lesion detection, characterization, and therapy monitoring to ultimately improve quality and efficiency throughout the medical imaging workflow. The goal is to generate reproducible, structured, quantitative diagnostic data for evidence-based therapy guidance in oncology. However, significant challenges remain regarding application development, benchmarking, and clinical implementation.
Key Points: