bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous flow cytometric analysis of two cell surface markers, telomere length, and DNA content
Authors: Schmid Ingrid , Dagarag Mirabelle D. , Hausner Mary Ann , Matud Jose L. , Just Tom , Effros Rita B. , Jamieson Beth D. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBackgroundVarious protocols for estimation of telomere length in individual cells by flow cytometry using fluorescence in situ hybridization of fluorescently labeled peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes (Flow‐FISH) have been described. Combined analysis of telomere length and cell phenotype, however, remains difficult because few fluorochromes with suitable emission spectra tolerate the harsh conditions needed for DNA denaturation during hybridization of the telomere‐specific PNA probe. We overcame these problems and developed a method for measuring telomere length in cell subsets characterized by the expression of two surface antigens.MethodsAlexa Fluor 488 and Alexa Fluor 546 were used for cell surface staining. Antigen–antibody complexes were covalently cross‐linked onto the cell membrane before Flow‐FISH. Cells were hybridized with a PNA probe conjugated to cyanine 5 (Cy5). Hoechst 33342 (HO342) was added for determination of cellular DNA content. For assay standardization, we added an aliquot of a single batch of 1301 cells to each sample as an internal control before hybridization with the PNA probe. Samples were prepared in duplicate and analyzed on a standard three‐laser BD LSR flow cytometer. For assay validation, the same samples were analyzed in parallel to correlate the percentage of telomere length of the sample versus 1301 control cells to the mean size of terminal restriction fragments (TRFs) of DNA as determined by Southern gel analysis.ResultsThe method permitted clear identification of lymphocyte subsets in samples hybridized for Flow‐FISH, with subset frequencies comparable to those of untreated samples. At a concentration of 10 nM, the Cy5‐labeled telomere‐specific PNA probe produced a bright fluorescence signal well separated from background. Addition of HO342 in low concentration did not interfere with Cy5 telomere fluorescence, produced adequate DNA histograms, and permitted clear identification of cell phenotype. The probe concentration of 10 nM also proved optimal for inclusion of 1301 control cells for assay standardization. Telomere length estimations by the current method correlated highly with TRF calculations by Southern gel hybridization (r2= 0.9, P = 0.0003). Application of our protocol to the analysis of human CD8CD28 lymphocyte subsets showed that CD8+brightCD28− lymphocytes generally exhibit shorter telomeres than CD8+brightCD28+ cells. These data concurred with previous results of telomere shortening in CD8+CD28− T cells that were obtained by using different techniques.ConclusionsThe multiparameter Flow‐FISH protocol permitted rapid determination of differences in telomere length in subpopulations characterized by two surface markers without prior cell separation. Cytometry 49:96–105, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stochastic seismic analysis of hydrodynamic pressure in dam reservoir systems
Authors: Di Paola M. , Zingales M. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractHydrodynamic seismic‐induced pressure requires careful consideration in the aseismic design of dams. Effects induced by earthquake excitation may cause many‐fold increments of hydrostatic pressure. In this study earthquake excitation has been modelled by means of random process theory obtaining the response statistics of a dam‐reservoir dynamical system. The analysis has been conducted assuming a rigid retaining wall of the reservoir and dissipative fluid. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seismic isolation of buildings with sliding concave foundation (SCF)
Authors: Hamidi M. , El Naggar M. H. , Vafai A. , Ahmadi G. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractIn this paper, a new base isolation system, namely the sliding concave foundation (SCF), is introduced and the behaviour of the buildings using such a system is theoretically investigated. A building supported on the new system behaves like a compound pendulum during seismic excitation. The pendulum behaviour accompanied by the large radius of foundation curvature shifts the fundamental period of the system to a high value (e.g. more than 8sec), in a frequency range where none of the previously recorded earthquakes had considerable energy. This results in a large decrease in the structural responses. Since small friction forces are essential on the contact surfaces, PTFE sheets can be used as sliding surfaces. Although the pure frictional sliding systems have the same efficiency as the SCF, in reducing the responses of the superstructure, the main advantage of the new system is a significant decrease in sliding displacement. The performance of the SCF subjected to a number of harmonic and non‐harmonic base excitations is studied and its ability to reduce the structural responses is examined. Some numerical examples are solved for a single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) structure and the responses are compared with the responses of the same SDOF structure on a fixed base or a pure frictional sliding support system. The comparisons confirm the effectiveness of the new system. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The pseudo‐viscous frictional energy dissipator: a new device for mitigating seismic effects
Authors: Wu Bin , Ou Jinping 
Published: November 2002

AbstractViscous energy dissipators (EDORs) have good suppressing effects on acceleration or base shear and they do not add axial pressure to the column when peak moment in the column occurs at peak displacement. Pall frictional EDORs can dissipate energy even when the compression brace buckles due to a special frictional damping mechanism. Retaining the advantages of viscous and Pall EDORs and overcoming their disadvantages, a pseudo‐viscous frictional energy dissipator (PVEDOR) is developed. PVEDORs use the frictional damping mechanism of Pall EDORs, but the slip force of PVEDORs is made variable so that the slip force reduces with increasing displacement. Behaviour testing of PVEDORs shows that they possess the important hysteretic feature of viscous EDORs, i.e. the restoring force of PVEDORs are out‐of‐phase with displacement. Earthquake simulation tests of a 16‐storey frame structure incorporating PVEDORs and ordinary steel braces and bare frame are carried out. The test results show that PVEDORs have good vibration‐suppressing effects. An analytical hysteretic model of PVEDORs basically agrees with the behaviour testing results. Finally, the parameter influence of PVEDORs on suppressive effectiveness of structural vibration under earthquake conditions is studied. Numerical analyses show that PVEDORs have good control effects on both seismic displacement and acceleration, and that control effects of PVEDORs on base shear are much better than Coulomb‐type frictional EDORs or metallic EDORs. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of free field variability on linear soil–structure interaction (SSI) by indirect integral representation
Authors: Savin E. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractAn integral equation for the representation of the response of a structure impinged by an incident wave field including soil–structure interaction is proposed. It requires the knowledge of the fundamental solution for the overall soil–structure domain when a unit load is applied to the structure. This fundamental solution is obtained by means of a substructuring technique and boundary integral equations using the Green tensors for homogeneous or horizontally stratified soil media. The effects of a non‐stationary modulated random incident field are addressed in terms of the instantaneous power spectral density of the structural response of interest for a given coherency function of the free field. Several applications of the proposed procedure are presented. The first one considers kinematic interaction of a rigid circular foundation and is used to validate the numerical implementation. The second one considers a complex structure on a stiff stratified soil and the last one considers the pounding effect between two adjacent, identical structures resting on a thin soft soil layer. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sliding fragility of block‐type non‐structural components. Part 1: Unrestrained components
Authors: Lopez Garcia D. , Soong T. T. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractMotivated by the development of performance‐based design guidelines with emphasis on both structural and non‐structural systems, this paper focuses on seismic vulnerability assessment of block‐type unrestrained non‐structural components under sliding response on the basis of seismic inputs specified by current seismic codes. Two sliding‐related failure modes are considered: excessive relative displacement and excessive absolute acceleration. It is shown that an upper bound for the absolute acceleration response can be assessed deterministically, for which a simple yet completely general equation is proposed. In contrast, fragility curves are proposed as an appropriate tool to evaluate the excessive relative displacement failure mode. Sample fragility curves developed through Monte‐Carlo simulations show that fragility estimates obtained without taking into account vertical base accelerations can be significantly unconservative, especially for relatively large values of the coefficient of friction. It is also found that reasonable estimates of relative displacement response at stories other than the ground in multistorey buildings cannot in general be obtained by simply scaling the ground acceleration to the peak acceleration at the corresponding storey. Failure modes considered in this study are found to be essentially independent of each other, a property that greatly simplifies assessment of conditional limit states. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sliding fragility of block‐type non‐structural components. Part 2: Restrained components
Authors: Lopez Garcia D. , Soong T. T. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThis paper focuses on seismic vulnerability assessment of restrained block‐type non‐structural components under sliding response on the basis of seismic inputs specified by current seismic codes. The general representation of restrained equipment considered in this study consists of a rigid block restrained by four post‐tensioned, symmetrically arranged cables. Two sliding‐related failure modes are considered: restraint breakage and excessive absolute acceleration. Fragility analysis is proposed as an appropriate tool to evaluate these failure modes. Sample fragility curves developed through Monte‐Carlo simulations show that the restraint breakage limit state is sensitive to the parameters of the equation of motion. For instance, fragility estimates obtained without taking into account vertical base accelerations can be significantly unconservative for relatively large values of the coefficient of friction. In contrast, the excessive absolute acceleration limit state exhibits little sensitivity to the parameters of the equation of motion. Peak absolute acceleration response is almost always equal to or greater than the horizontal peak base acceleration. Representative results suggest that reasonable response estimates for blocks located at stories other than the ground in multistorey buildings can in general be obtained by simply scaling the ground acceleration to the peak acceleration at the corresponding storey. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative study of the inelastic response of base isolated buildings
Authors: Ordoñez Daniel , Foti Dora , Bozzo Luis 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThis article presents a numeric comparative study of the inelastic structural response of base isolated buildings. The comparative study includes the following isolation systems: laminated rubber bearings, New Zealand one, pure friction and the frictional pendulum ones. The study is based on obtaining non‐linear response spectra for various design parameters using six earthquake records. Usually the base isolation of a new building seeks to maintain the structure in the linear elastic range. The response of old weak buildings or the response of new ones subjected to extreme earthquakes may not be, necessarily, in the aforementioned ideal elastic range. Consequently, it is important to characterize the response of isolated buildings responding inelastically. A conclusion from this research is that the isolators affect significantly the structural response of weak systems. Rubber isolators seem slightly less sensitive to plastification that may occur in the structure compared to friction isolators. Ductility demands in the structure are affected significantly by friction and neoprene protected systems, in particular sliding ones where larger demands are obtained. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactive effects of personality and organizational politics on contextual performance
Authors: Witt L. A. , Kacmar K. Michele , Carlson Dawn S. , Zivnuska Suzanne 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe authors explored the process of evaluating contextual performance in the context of a politically charged atmosphere. They hypothesized that the negative relationship between perceptions of organizational politics and contextual performance is weaker among workers high in three of the Big Five model of personality dimensions—agreeableness, extraversion, and conscientiousness. Data were collected from a matched sample of 540 supervisors and subordinates employed in the private sector. Results indicated that the interaction of politics and the personality dimension of agreeableness explained a significant incremental amount of variance in the interpersonal facilitation facet of contextual performance. These findings demonstrate the need to consider both the situation and the person as antecedents of contextual performance. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A longitudinal analysis of the association between emotion regulation, job satisfaction, and intentions to quit
Authors: Côté Stéphane , Morgan Laura M. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe present longitudinal study explored the association between emotion regulation, defined as the conscious manipulation of one's public displays of emotion, and job satisfaction and intentions to quit. We predicted, based on an emotional dissonance model, that the suppression of unpleasant emotions decreases job satisfaction and increases intentions to quit. We propose a social interaction model that predicts that the amplification of pleasant emotions increases job satisfaction and decreases intentions to quit by improving the quality of interpersonal encounters at work. Data from 111 workers were gathered at two time points separated by four weeks. Advantages of the design included the use of longitudinal data and the statistical control for several personality, job, and demographic factors. Longitudinal regression analyses and tests of mediation revealed that, as predicted, (a) the suppression of unpleasant emotions decreases job satisfaction, which in turn increases intentions to quit, and (b) the amplification of pleasant emotions increases job satisfaction. Applied implications are discussed and suggestions for future research are offered. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insider or outsider? how employee perceptions of insider status affect their work behavior
Authors: Stamper Christina L. , Masterson Suzanne S. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractMany researchers have used the insider–outsider distinction when discussing employment relationships (e.g., Graen & Scandura, 1987; Pfeffer & Baron, 1988). However, there is no known empirical research directly assessing employees' perceptions of their status as organizational insiders. This article is intended as an initial step to theoretically and empirically explore the concept of perceived insider status (PIS). First, we build theoretical arguments describing how organizations may differentiate between insider and outsider employees, leading to differences in perceptions of insider status. We then hypothesize and show empirical evidence that contrasts, but relates, actual inclusion and perceived organizational support to PIS. We subsequently examine two types of discretionary employee behavior, altruism and production deviance, as potential consequences of PIS. Our results suggest that both actual inclusion, as well as perceived insider status, have implications for organizational functioning via discretionary employee behaviors. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A general non‐linear optimization algorithm for lower bound limit analysis
Authors: Krabbenhoft Kristian , Damkilde Lars 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe non‐linear programming problem associated with the discrete lower bound limit analysis problem is treated by means of an algorithm where the need to linearize the yield criteria is avoided. The algorithm is an interior point method and is completely general in the sense that no particular finite element discretization or yield criterion is required. As with interior point methods for linear programming the number of iterations is affected only little by the problem size.Some practical implementation issues are discussed with reference to the special structure of the common lower bound load optimization problem, and finally the efficiency and accuracy of the method is demonstrated by means of examples of plate and slab structures obeying different non‐linear yield criteria. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volume‐dependent pressure loading and its influence on the stability of structures
Authors: Rumpel T. , Schweizerhof K. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractDeformation‐dependent pressure loading on solid structures is created by the interaction of gas with the deformable surface of a structure. Such fairly simple load models are valid for static and quasi‐static analyses and they are a very efficient tool to represent the influence of gas on the behaviour of structures. Completing previous studies on the deformation dependence of the loading with the assumption of infinite gas volumes, the current contribution is focusing on the influence of modifications of the size and shape of a finite volume containing the gas in particular on the stability of structures. The linearization of the corresponding virtual work expression necessary for a Newton‐type solution leads to additional terms for the volume dependence. Investigating these terms the conservativeness of the problem can be proven by the symmetry of the linearized form. The discretization with finite elements leads to standard stiffness matrix forms plus the so‐called load stiffness matrices and a rank‐one update for each enclosed volume part, if the loaded surface segments are identical with element surfaces. Some numerical examples show first the effectiveness of the approach and the necessity to take the corresponding terms in the variational expression and in the following linearization into account, and second the particular influence of this term on the stability of structures is shown with some specific examples. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stable isotope (13C, 15N and 34S) analysis of the hair of modern humans and their domestic animals
Authors: Bol Roland , Pflieger Christian 
Published: November 2002

AbstractRelationships between dietary status and recent migration were examined by δ13C, δ15N and δ34S analysis of hair samples from 43 modern humans living in a rural community in SW England. The isotopic content of 38 ‘local’ hair samples was compared with that of five recently arrived individuals (from Canada, Chile, Germany and the USA). Hair samples from domestic animals (i.e. mainly cats, dogs, cows and horses) were analysed to examine the difference in δ13C, δ15N and δ34S values between herbivores and carnivores. Generally, modern human hair data from the triple stable isotope (δ13C, δ15N and δ34S) provided enough information to confirm the dietary status and origin of the individual subjects. The dietary intake was generally reflected in the animal hair δ15N and δ13C values, i.e. highest in the carnivores (cats). However, a non‐local origin of food sources given to domesticated omnivores (i.e. dogs) was suggested by their hair δ34S values. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolution of the δ13C signature related to total carbon contents and carbon decomposition rate constants in a soil profile under grassland
Authors: Accoe Frederik , Boeckx Pascal , Cleemput Oswald Van , Hofman Georges , Zhang Ying , Li Rong hua , Guanxiong Chen 
Published: November 2002

AbstractEvolution of the total carbon (C) content and the 13C enrichment (δ13C signature) of soil organic matter (SOM) with increasing depth in a soil profile under permanent grassland (C3 vegetation) were investigated. The relationship between the total C content and the δ13C signature at different depths in the upper 30 cm of the soil profile could be well fitted by the Rayleigh equation (y = −29.8 − 2.3x, R2 = 0.95, p < 0.001), describing the enrichment in 13C as resulting from isotopic fractionation associated with C mineralization (isotope enrichment factor ε = −2.3‰). Potential C dynamics of SOM in four depth intervals of the profile (0–10, 10–20, 20–30 and 30–40 cm depth) were investigated through an incubation study. The C decomposition rate constants decreased with increasing sampling depth from 0.0479 yr−1 (0–10 cm sampling depth) to 0.0256 yr−1 (30–40 cm sampling depth) and were highly correlated (y = 0.02 + 0.13x, R2 = 0.93, p < 0.05) with the corresponding Δδ13C values (average change of the δ13C signature per depth increment). These results suggest that changes of the δ13C signature of SOM in undisturbed soil profiles under continuous C3 vegetation may serve as an indicator of the variation of SOM quality with increasing depth. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Technical considerations for RNA‐based stable isotope probing: an approach to associating microbial diversity with microbial community function
Authors: Manefield Mike , Whiteley Andrew S. , Ostle Nick , Ineson Philip , Bailey Mark J. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractAn ongoing challenge within microbial ecology is the development of methodologies that attribute microbial community functions to microbial diversity. One approach, involving the incorporation of stable isotopes from labelled tracer compounds into biological signature molecules (biomarkers), may overcome this current limitation. To examine the potential of RNA as the biomarker in stable isotope probing we have generated a series of atom % 13C‐enriched RNA samples through exploitation of the anabolic abilities of a phenol‐degrading environmental isolate. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry was used to determine the atom % 13C of each RNA sample (ca. 1–100%). The corresponding buoyant density (1.755–1.795 g mL−1) was determined by equilibrium density gradient centrifugation and agarose gel electrophoresis. This empirically defined relationship between the atom % 13C of RNA and its buoyant density suggests ribonucleic acids with atom % 13C enrichments greater than 10% can be isolated by equilibrium density centrifugation. The processing and analysis of isolated RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, cloning and sequencing are discussed. The RNA‐based stable isotope probing protocol presented here will find particular utility in assessing the roles of microbial community members in the biodegradation of natural and anthropogenic xenobiotic compounds. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.