bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benign High Prevalence Antibody Yta
Authors: Ngo N , Abdelmonem M , Cabungan M , Cai W , Virk M S , Chang S , Papakonstantino K , Jurado C , Shan H , Yunce M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
The Yt system, also known as the Cartwright system, discovered in 1964, consists of five antigens encoded by the ACHE gene on chromosome 7. Yta and Ytb are antithetical antigens on the GPI – linked red cell glycoprotein, acetylcholinesterase (AChE). About 8-10% of individuals of European ancestry are Yt(b+); Yta is highly prevalent in all populations. The other three high-prevalence antigens, YTEG, YTLI, and YTOT, were added to this system in 2018. Yta is not affected by trypsin but is destroyed by α-chymotrypsin treatment of reagent red cells. Yta and Ytb are sensitive to disulfide bond-reducing agents 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide (AET) and dithiothreitol (DTT). Yt antibodies are mostly IgG and require Indirect Antiglobulin Test (IAT) for detection. Yt antibodies are not clinically significant, although anti-Yta may cause accelerated destruction of Yt(a+) transfused red cells. Monocyte Monolayer Assay (MMA) is often used to determine whether the anti-Yta is predicted to cause destruction of transfused Yt(a+) red cells.

Methods/Case Report
A 50 year old female of Hispanic/Latino descent with a BRCA2 mutationand a history of scoliosis and severe migraineswas admitted for robotic-assisted bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, cystoscopy, and dilation and curettage. A type and screen was ordered preoperatively, and her antibody screen was positive. In her profile, the origin of anti-Yta was identified from an outside facility since 2008, but written documentation of anti-Yta identification could not be located. On antibody identification, the patient’s plasma was reactive with all cells (1+ AHG in PEG) except the auto control. Rare frozen anti-Yta antisera were used for phenotyping the patient for Yta and she was found to be Yta negative. Yta antigens are sensitive or weakened by DTT, so DTT-treated panel screen cells were used to rule out all clinically significant alloantibodies except for the Kell system. Anti-K and anti-k were ruled out by testing the patient’s plasma against SCARF (Serum, Cells, and Rare Fluid Exchange) Yta negative with homozygous K positive and homozygous k positive cells. Anti-Yta was reconfirmed at our facility.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA

Conclusion
Yta-negative blood is so rare that anti-Yta reacts &gt; 99.8% of most populations. In some cases, autologous transfusion may be recommended for a patient. However, anti-Yta is often benign, and antigen-negative blood may not need to be transfused. The patient had uncomplicated procedures, and blood transfusion was not indicated at that time.
Radiofrequency thalamotomy for tremor produces focused and predictable lesions shown on magnetic resonance images
Authors: Ishihara Bryony K , Hart Michael G , Barrick Thomas R , Howe Franklyn A , Morgante Francesca , Pereira Erlick A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Radiofrequency thalamotomy is a neurosurgical management option for medically-refractory tremor. In this observational study, we evaluate the MRI features of the resultant lesion, their temporal dynamics, and how they vary depending on surgical factors. We report on lesion characteristics including size and location, as well as how these vary over time and across different MRI sequences. Data from 12 patients (2 essential tremor, 10 Parkinson’s disease) who underwent unilateral radiofrequency thalamotomy for tremor were analysed. Lesion characteristics were compared across five structural sequences. Volumetric analysis of lesion features was performed at early (&lt;5 weeks) and late (&gt;5 months) timepoints by manual segmentation. Lesion location was determined after registration of lesions to standard space. All patients showed tremor improvement (clinical global impressions scale) postoperatively. Chronic side-effects included balance disturbances (n = 4) and worsening mobility due to parkinsonism progression (n = 1). Early lesion features including a necrotic core, cytotoxic oedema and perilesional oedema were best demarcated on T2-weighted sequences. Multiple lesions were associated with greater cytotoxic oedema compared with single lesions (T2-weighted mean volume: 537 ± 112 mm³ versus 302 ± 146 mm³, P = 0.028). Total lesion volume reduced on average by 90% between the early and late scans (T2-weighted mean volume: 918 ± 517 versus 75 ± 50 mm³, t = 3.592, P = 0.023, n = 5), with comparable volumes demonstrated at ∼6 months after surgery. Lesion volumes on susceptibility-weighted images were larger than those of T2-weighted images at later timepoints. Radiofrequency thalamotomy produces focused and predictable lesion imaging characteristics over time. T2-weighted scans distinguish between the early lesion core and oedema characteristics, while lesions may remain more visible on susceptibility-weighted images in the months following surgery. Scanning patients in the immediate postoperative period and then at 6 months is clinically meaningful for understanding the anatomical basis of the transient and permanent effects of thalamotomy.
Sitravatinib combined with PD-1 blockade enhances cytotoxic T-cell infiltration by M2 to M1 tumor macrophage repolarization in esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sweeney Ryan , Omstead Ashten N , Fitzpatrick John T , Zheng Ping , Gorbunova Anastasia , Grayhack Erin E , Goel Arul , Khan Alisha F , Kosovec Juliann E , Wagner Patrick L , Jobe Blair A , Kelly Ronan J , Zaidi Ali H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Sitravatinib is a novel multi-gene tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that targets tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) receptors, VEGF, PDGF and c-Kit. Currently, sitravatinib is actively being studied in clinical trials across solid tumors and other TKIs have shown efficacy in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in cancer models. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor activity of sitravatinib alone and in combination with PD-1 blockade in an EAC rat model. Treatment response was evaluated by mortality, pre- and post-treatment MRI, gene expression, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Our results demonstrated adequate safety and significant tumor shrinkage in animals treated with sitravatinib, and more profoundly, sitravatinib and PD-1 inhibitor, AUNP-12 (P &lt; 0.01). Suppression of TAM receptors resulted in increased gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, enhanced infiltration of CD8+ T cells, and M2 to M1 macrophage phenotype repolarization in the tumor microenvironment of treated animals (P &lt; 0.01). Moreover, endpoint immunohistochemistry staining corroborated the anti-tumor activity by downregulation of Ki67 and upregulation of Caspase-3 in the treated animals. Additionally, pretreatment gene expression of TAM receptors and PD-L1 were significantly higher in major responders compared with the non-responders, in animals that received sitravatinib and AUNP-12 (P &lt; 0.02), confirming that TAM suppression enhances the efficacy of PD-1 blockade. In conclusion, this study proposes a promising immunomodulatory strategy using a multi-gene TKI to overcome developed resistance to an ICI in EAC, establishing rationale for future clinical development.
Emergence of dense scale-free networks and simplicial complexes by random degree-copying
Authors: Esquivel-Gómez J , Barajas-Ramírez J G 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Many real-world networks exhibit dense and scale-free properties, that is, the amount of connections among the nodes is large and the degree distribution follows a power-law P(k)∼k−γ. In particular, for dense networks γ∈(1,2]. In the literature, numerous network growth models have been proposed with the aim to reproduce structural properties of these networks. However, most of them are not capable of generating dense networks and power-laws with exponents in the correct range of values. In this research, we provide a new network growth model that enables the construction of networks with degree distributions following a power law with exponents ranging from one to an arbitrary large number. In our model, the growth of the network is made using the well-known Barabási–Albert model, that is, by nodes and links addition and preferential attachment. The amount of connections with which each node is born, can be fixed or depending of the network structure incorporating a random degree-copying mechanism. Our results indicate that if degree-copying mechanism is applied most of the time, then the resulting degree distribution has an exponent tending to one. Also, we show that the resulting networks become denser as γ→1, in consequence their clustering coefficient increases and network diameter decreases. In addition, we study the emergence of simplicial complexes on the resulting networks, finding that largest simplicial dimension appears as γ decreases.
Deep learning and transfer learning of earthquake and quarry-blast discrimination: applications to southern California and eastern Kentucky
Authors: Zhu Jun , Fang Lihua , Miao Fajun , Fan Liping , Zhang Ji , Li Zefeng 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARY
Discrimination between tectonic earthquakes (EQs) and quarry blasts is important for accurate EQ cataloguing and seismic hazard analysis. However, reliable classification of these two types of seismic events is challenging with no prior knowledge of source parameters. Here, we applied deep learning to perform this classification task in southern California and eastern Kentucky. Since the two regions differ significantly in available labelled data, class imbalance and waveform characteristics, we adopted different strategies for them. We directly trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) for southern California due to its data abundancy. To alleviate the class imbalance, the blast data were augmented by repeated sampling. The model for California yields F1-scores of &gt;83.5 per cent when estimated by individual stations and &gt;98.1 per cent by network average (i.e. averaging the CNN’s outputs on all available stations for each event). As eastern Kentucky has a much smaller data size, we apply transfer learning to the pre-trained California model to fit the Kentucky data. The transfer-learned model yields F1-scores of &gt;86.9 per cent when estimated by individual stations and &gt;96.7 per cent by network average. The transfer-learned model outperforms the model re-trained from scratch for the Kentucky data. Gradient-weighted class activation mapping shows the S onset and the S long-period coda are important to identify EQs and blasts, respectively. By visual inspections of the seismograms, the source locations, the origin time and the P-wave polarities, we verified that most of the events falsely predicted by our models are actually mislabelled by seismic analysts. Our models thus show great potential in helping seismic analysts find those mislabelled events which remain hidden in the historical catalogue. Our results demonstrate that deep learning can achieve high accuracy in seismic event discrimination and that transfer learning is effective and efficient to generalize deep learning models across different regions.
Improving health literacy of antibiotic use in people with cystic fibrosis (CF)—comparison of the readability of patient information leaflets (PILs) from the EU, USA and UK of 23 CF-related antibiotics used in the treatment of CF respiratory infections
Authors: Tang Ka Wah Kelly , Millar Beverley C , Moore John E 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Antibiotic adherence is poor amongst people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Low-quality patient information leaflets (PILs), which accompany prescription antibiotics, with poor readability may contribute to poor antibiotic adherence, with the potential for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) development. The aim of this study was to examine the readability of antibiotic PILs used to treat CF lung infections.

Methods
CF-related antibiotics (n = 23; seven classes: aminoglycosides, β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, macrolides/lincosamides, oxazolidinones, tetracyclines, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) were investigated. Readability of PILs (n = 141; 23 antibiotics) from the EU (n = 40), USA (n = 42) and UK (n = 59) was calculated.

Results
Mean [± standard error of mean (SEM)] values for the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) for EU, USA and UK were 50.0 ± 1.1, 56.2 ± 1.3 and 51.7 ± 1.1, respectively (FRE target ≥60). Mean (± SEM) values for the Flesch Kinkaid Grade Level (FKGL) for the EU, USA and UK were 9.0 ± 0.2, 7.5 ± 0.2 and 9.6 ± 0.2, respectively (FKGL target ≤8). US PILs were significantly shorter (P &lt; 0.0001) in words (mean ± SEM = 1365 ± 52), than either UK or EU PILs, with fewer sentences (P &lt; 0.0001), fewer words per sentence (P &lt; 0.0001) and fewer syllables per word. The mean ( ± SEM) reading time of UK PILs (n = 59) was 12.7 ± 0.55 mins .

Conclusions
Readability of antibiotic PILs is poor. Improving PIL readability may lead to improved health literacy, which may translate to increased antibiotic adherence and AMR avoidance. Authors preparing written materials for the lay/patient CF community are encouraged to employ readability calculators, so that final materials are within recommended readability reference parameters, to support the health (antibiotic) literacy of their readers.
Repurposing rabeprazole sodium as an anti-Clostridium perfringensdrug by inhibiting perfringolysin O
Authors: Wang Guizhen , Liu Yan , Deng Le , Liu Hongtao , Deng Xuming , Li Quanshun , Feng Haihua , Guo Zhimin , Qiu Jiazhang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsClostridium perfringens infections affect food safety, human health, and the development of the poultry feed industry. Anti-virulence is an alternative strategy to develop new drug. Perfringolysin O (PFO) is an exotoxin of C. perfringens that has been demonstrated to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of this organism, promising it an attractive target to explore drugs to combat C. perfringens infection.Methods and resultsBased on an activity-based screening, we identified six PFO inhibitors from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug library, among which rabeprazole sodium (RS) showed an optimal inhibitory effect with an IC50 of 1.82 ± 0.746 µg ml−1. The GLY57, ASP58, SER190, SER193-194, ASN199, GLU204, ASN377, THR379, and ALA200 in PFO interacted with RS during binding based on an energy analysis and H-bond analysis. This interaction blocked the oligomer formation of PFO, thereby inhibiting its cytotoxicity. RS treatment significantly increased the survival rate and alleviated pathological damage in C. perfringens or PFO-treated Galleria mellonella.ConclusionsRS could potentially be used as a candidate drug for treating C. perfringens infection.
Knowledge and ignorance in Belnap–Dunn logic
Authors: Kozhemiachenko Daniil , Vashentseva Liubov 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we argue that the usual approach to modelling knowledge and belief with the necessity modality $\Box $ does not produce intuitive outcomes in the framework of the Belnap–Dunn logic ($\textsf{BD}$, alias $\textbf{FDE}$—first-degree entailment). We then motivate and introduce a nonstandard modality $\blacksquare $ that formalizes knowledge and belief in $\textsf{BD}$ and use $\blacksquare $ to define $\bullet $ and $\blacktriangledown $ that formalize the unknown truth and ignorance as not knowing whether, respectively. Moreover, we introduce another modality $\textbf{I}$ that stands for factive ignorance and show its connection with $\blacksquare $. We equip these modalities with Kripke-frame-based semantics and construct a sound and complete analytic cut system for $\textsf{BD}^{\blacksquare }$ and $\textsf{BD}^{\textbf{I}}$—the expansions of $\textsf{BD}$ with $\blacksquare $ and $\textbf{I}$. In addition, we show that $\Box $ as it is customarily defined in $\textsf{BD}$ cannot define any of the introduced modalities, nor, conversely, neither $\blacksquare $ nor $\textbf{I}$ can define $\Box $. We also demonstrate that $\blacksquare $ and $\textbf{I}$ are not interdefinable and establish the definability of several important classes of frames using $\blacksquare $.
The languages we speak and the empires we embrace: addressing decolonization through the gaze of the empire
Authors: Ambrossi Paula Alexandra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this article I make a case for differentiating the process of decolonization in education from the process of dismantling the values of the empire and their continuing, subliminal role in our thought and practice (the gaze of the empire). I argue that ignoring the empire within (particularly the word ‘empire’ itself) is what sustains the colonial gaze and what constitutes decolonization’s greatest obstacle. I employ a poststructuralist, Foucauldian framework, which helps me explore notions of power and knowledge through language and the gaze. To illuminate discussions, I make use of some of the historical context necessary to understand the spirit and the tragedy of empire, with its language as principal instrument, as well as some of the literary aspects (Magical Realism and poetry) that have been used to gaze at the colonized and redeem the conqueror.
A methodology for building domain ontology of cultural heritage
Authors: Wei Tong , Chen Yuqi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Ontology plays a vital role in linking and publishing heritage data. However, the main difficulties of building ontology faced by heritage institutions are how the cultural heritage information is integrated into a fine-grained ontology. Therefore, following the ISO principles of Terminology (ISO 1087 and 704), this article proposed a term-concept-characteristic methodology that is user-friendly for cultural heritage experts to build a fine-grained ontology. This article aims to provide a method to integrate the fine-grained knowledge of cultural heritage into an ontology, especially when it is necessary to build a fine-grained ontology for particular purposes, such as knowledge-based terminological resources.
Stellar populations in STARFORGE: the origin and evolution of star clusters and associations
Authors: Farias Juan P , Offner Stella S R , Grudić Michael Y , Guszejnov Dávid , Rosen Anna L 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Most stars form in highly clustered environments within molecular clouds, but eventually disperse into the distributed stellar field population. Exactly how the stellar distribution evolves from the embedded stage into gas-free associations and (bound) clusters is poorly understood. We investigate the long-term evolution of stars formed in the starforge simulation suite – a set of radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulations of star-forming turbulent clouds that include all key stellar feedback processes inherent to star formation. We use nbody6++gpu to follow the evolution of the young stellar systems after gas removal. We use HDBSCAN to define stellar groups and analyse the stellar kinematics to identify the true bound star clusters. The conditions modeled by the simulations, i.e. global cloud surface densities below 0.15 g cm−2, star formation efficiencies below 15 per cent, and gas expulsion time-scales shorter than a free fall time, primarily produce expanding stellar associations and small clusters. The largest star clusters, which have ∼1000 bound members, form in the densest and lowest velocity dispersion clouds, representing ∼32 and 39 per cent of the stars in the simulations, respectively. The cloud’s early dynamical state plays a significant role in setting the classical star formation efficiency versus bound fraction relation. All stellar groups follow a narrow mass-velocity dispersion power-law relation at 10 Myr with a power-law index of 0.21. This correlation result in a distinct mass–size relationship for bound clusters. We also provide valuable constraints on the gas dispersal time-scale during the star formation process and analyse the implications for the formation of bound systems.
The superluminous Type IIn supernova ASASSN-15ua: part of a continuum in extreme precursor mass-loss
Authors: Dickinson Danielle , Smith Nathan , Andrews Jennifer E , Milne Peter , Kilpatrick Charles D , Milisavljevic Dan 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a series of ground-based photometry and spectroscopy of the superluminous Type IIn supernova (SN) ASASSN-15ua, which shows evidence for strong interaction with pre-existing dense circumstellar material (CSM). Our observations constrain the speed, mass-loss rate, and extent of the progenitor wind shortly before explosion. A narrow P Cygni absorption component reveals a progenitor wind speed of ∼100 km s−1. As observed in previous SNe IIn, the intermediate-width H α emission became more asymmetric and blueshifted over time, suggesting either asymmetric CSM, an asymmetric explosion, or increasing selective extinction from dust within the post-shock shell or SN ejecta. Based on the CSM radius and speed, we find that the progenitor suffered extreme eruptive mass-loss with a rate of 0.1–1 M⊙ yr−1 during the ∼12 yr immediately before the death of the star that imparted ∼ 1048 erg of kinetic energy to the CSM. Integrating its V-band light curve over the first 170 d after discovery, we find that ASASSN-15ua radiated at least 3 × 1050 erg in visual light alone, giving a lower limit to the total radiated energy that may have approached 1051 erg. ASASSN-15ua exhibits many similarities to two well-studied superluminous SNe IIn: SN 2006tf and SN 2010jl. Based on a detailed comparison of these three, we find that ASASSN-15ua falls in between these two events in a wide variety of observed properties and derived physical parameters, illustrating a continuum of behaviour across superluminous SNe IIn.
An off-axis relativistic jet seen in the long lasting delayed radio flare of the TDE AT 2018hyz
Authors: Sfaradi Itai , Beniamini Paz , Horesh Assaf , Piran Tsvi , Bright Joe , Rhodes Lauren , Williams David R A , Fender Rob , Leung James K , Murphy Tara , Green Dave A 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The Tidal Disruption Event (TDE) AT 2018hyz exhibited a delayed radio flare almost three years after the stellar disruption. Here, we report new radio observations of the TDE AT 2018hyz with the AMI-LA and ATCA spanning from a month to more than four years after the optical discovery and 200 d since the last reported radio observation. We detected no radio emission from 30–220 d after the optical discovery in our observations at 15.5 GHz down to a 3σ level of &lt;0.14 mJy. The fast-rising, delayed radio flare is observed in our radio data set and continues to rise almost ∼1580 d after the optical discovery. We find that the delayed radio emission, first detected 972 d after optical discovery, evolves as t4.2 ± 0.9, at 15.5 GHz. Here, we present an off-axis jet model that can explain the full set of radio observations. In the context of this model, we require a powerful narrow jet with an isotropic equivalent kinetic energy Ek, iso ∼ 1055 erg, an opening angle of ∼7°, and a relatively large viewing angle of ∼42°, launched at the time of the stellar disruption. Within our framework, we find that the minimal collimated energy possible for an off-axis jet from AT 2018hyz is Ek ≥ 3 × 1052 erg. Finally, we provide predictions based on our model for the light curve turnover time, and for the proper motion of the radio emitting source.