bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric one‐storey elastic systems with non‐linear viscous and viscoelastic dampers: Simplified analysis and supplemental damping system design
Authors: Lin Wen‐Hsiung , Chopra Anil K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractInvestigated is the accuracy in estimating the response of asymmetric one‐storey systems with non‐linear viscoelastic (VE) dampers by analysing the corresponding linear viscous system wherein all non‐linear VE dampers are replaced by their energy‐equivalent linear viscous dampers. The response of the corresponding linear viscous system is determined by response history analysis (RHA) and by response spectrum analysis (RSA) extended for non‐classically damped systems. The flexible and stiff edge deformations and plan rotation of the corresponding linear viscous system determined by the extended RSA procedure is shown to be sufficiently accurate for design applications with errors generally between 10 and 20%. Although similar accuracy is also shown for the ‘pseudo‐velocity’ of non‐linear VE dampers, the peak force of the non‐linear VE damper cannot be estimated directly from the peak damper force of the corresponding linear viscous system. A simple correction for damper force is proposed and shown to be accurate (with errors not exceeding 15%). For practical applications, an iterative linear analysis procedure is developed for determining the amplitude‐ and frequency‐dependent supplemental damping properties of the corresponding linear viscous system and for estimating the response of asymmetric one‐storey systems with non‐linear VE dampers from the earthquake design (or response) spectrum. Finally, a procedure is developed for designing non‐linear supplemental damping systems that satisfy given design criteria for a given design spectrum. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative assessment of analytical and digital photogrammetric methods in the construction of DEMs of geomorphological forms
Authors: Baily Brian , Collier Peter , Farres Paul , Inkpen Robert , Pearson Alastair 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTraditionally, landforms have been measured using a combination of field survey techniques and analogue and analytical photogrammetry. With advances in computing power digital photogrammetric solutions are now seen as offering an affordable and cost effective way of mapping topographic features. This paper looks at the relative merits of each of these photogrammetric techniques, in terms of the practical considerations involved in data extraction and accuracies that can be achieved for a case study. The site investigated is Maiden Castle, situated southwest of Dorchester in Dorset, UK. This paper examines the relative accuracies of both digital and analytical photogrammetric techniques in relation to ground control points recorded using a global positioning system (GPS). Colour stereoscopic aerial photographs were taken of Maiden Castle, Dorset, in November 1999 at a scale of approximately 1 : 4000. Stereo models were constructed using pre‐marked ground control points positioned using post‐processed differential GPS. Subsequent analysis involved the calculation of residual values produced by comparing the computer‐generated surface with a set of test points measured using differential GPS. This research demonstrates that the optimal digital system matched the performance of analytical photogrammetry for the collection of geomorphological data. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The third‐order polynomial method for two‐dimensional convection and diffusion
Authors: Tkalich Pavlo , Chan Eng Soon 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUsing the upstream polynomial approximation a series of accurate two‐dimensional explicit numerical schemes is developed for the solution of the convection–diffusion equation. A third‐order polynomial approximation (TOP) of the convection term and a consistent second‐order approximation of the diffusion term are combined in a single‐step flux‐difference algorithm. Stability analysis confirms that the TOP‐12 scheme satisfies the CFL condition for two dimensions. Using smaller and narrower flux stencils compared to algorithms of similar accuracy, the TOP‐12 scheme is more efficient in terms of computations per single node. Numerical tests and comparison with other well‐known algorithms show a high performance of the developed schemes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying emerging generic technologies at the national level: the UK experience
Authors: Keenan Michael 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA main reason for the popularity of national technology foresight exercises over the last decade has been their promise of allowing emerging generic technology areas to be identified and prioritized for resource‐allocation purposes. Yet descriptions of the conduct of such exercises tend to be superficial, providing few clues to those wanting to undertake similar exercises. Taking the UK Technology Foresight Programme as an example, this paper sets out to describe the processes used to obtain a list of prioritized generic ‘themes’. We show that several difficult choices have to be made, often requiring an assessment of opposing and synergistic tendencies. In the case of the UK Programme, a number of decisions seemed to be taken without adequate regard to some of the consequences. This resulted in the identification of generic themes that were, for the most part, subsequently ignored. This paper sets out to explain how this state of affairs came about, and points to possible lessons for those intending to embark upon similar exercises. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
De novo erythroleukemia chromosome features include multiple rearrangements, with special involvement of chromosomes 11 and 19
Authors: Cigudosa Juan C. , Odero Maria D. , Calasanz M. José , Solé Francesc , Salido Marta , Arranz Eva , Martínez‐Ramirez Angel , Urioste Miguel , Alvarez Sara , Cervera Jose V. , MacGrogan Donald , Sanz Miguel A. , Nimer Stephen D. , Benitez Javier 
Published: March 2003

AbstractErythroid leukemia (ERL or AML‐M6) is an uncommon subtype of acute myeloid leukemia, the clinical, morphological, and genetic behavior of which needs further characterization. We analyzed a homogeneous group of 23 de novo AML‐M6 patients whose bone marrow cells showed complex karyotypes. We also analyzed eight leukemia cell lines with erythroid phenotype, performing detailed molecular cytogenetic analyses, including spectral karyotyping (SKY) in all samples. The main features are: (1) A majority of patients (56%) had hypodiploidy. Loss of genetic material was the most common genetic change, especially monosomies of chromosome 7 or 18, and deletions of chromosome arm 5q. Taken together, 87% of the cases displayed aberrations involving chromosome 5 or 8. (2) We describe a novel, cryptic, and recurrent translocation, t(11;19)(p11.2;q13.1). Another translocation, t(12;21)(p11.2;q11.2), was found to be recurrent in a patient with ERL and in the K562 cell line. (3) MLL gene rearrangements were detected in 20% of cases (three translocations and three amplifications) and, overall, we defined 52 rearrangements (excluding deletions) with a mean of 2.3 translocations per patient. (4) Of the structural aberrations, 21% involved chromosomes 11 and 19. Most of the rearrangements were unbalanced; only 13 reciprocal translocations were observed. The general picture of chromosomal aberrations in cell lines did not reflect what occurred in patient samples. However, both primary samples and cell lines shared three common breakpoints at 19q13.1, 20q11.2, and 21q11.2. This is the first molecular cytogenetic description of the karyotype abnormalities present in patients with ERL. It should assist in the identification of genes involved in erythroleukemogenesis. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of the recurrent translocation t(1;1)(p36.3;q21.1–2) in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma by multicolor banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis
Authors: Lestou Valia S. , Ludkovski Olga , Connors Joseph M. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Lam Wan L. , Horsman Douglas E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAberrations of chromosomal bands 1p36 and 1q11–q23 are among the most common chromosomal alterations in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). In this study, 16 cases of NHL showing recurrent unbalanced translocation t(1;1)(p36;q11–23) by G‐band analysis were selected for further analysis. To delineate the exact breakpoints, multicolor band analysis for chromosome 1 (M‐BAND1), and locus‐specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (LS‐FISH) using human genome designated BAC clones were performed. In all but one dicentric case, the breakpoint was determined to involve chromosomal bands 1p36.3 and 1q21.1–2. LS‐FISH analysis for the TP73, MEL1, SKI, and CASP9 loci at 1p36, and the loci IRTA1, IRTA2, BCL9, AF1Q, JTB, and MUC1 at 1q21, verified the MBAND1 results and further delineated the breakpoints. In band 1p36, two hybridization patterns were observed, one involving deletions of MEL1, TP73, and SKI, but not CASP9, and the second involving a breakpoint telomeric to TP73. In region 1q21, four hybridization patterns were observed, the first involving duplication/translocation of all five genes; the second involving duplication/translocation of BCL9, AF1Q, JTB, and MUC1; the third involving duplication/translocation of AF1Q, JTB, and MUC1; and the fourth with a breakpoint telomeric to MUC1. Using an α‐satellite probe for chromosome 1 (D1Z5), centromeric involvement in the unbalanced translocation t(1;1)(p36.3;q21.1–2) was excluded in all but the one dicentric case, that is, dic(1;1)(p36.3;q10). In conclusion, deletion of 1p36 and duplication of 1q21 through formation of an unbalanced translocation t(1;1)(p36.3;q21.1–2) is a non‐random event in NHL, suggesting a deletion–duplication mechanism involved in lymphoma progression and justifying further systematic research. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Learning of tactile frequency discrimination in humans
Authors: Imai Tanya , Kamping Sandra , Breitenstein Caterina , Pantev Christo , Lütkenhöner Bernd , Knecht Stefan 
Published: March 2003

AbstractLearning is based on the remodeling of neural connections in the brain. The purpose of the present study was to examine the extent to which training‐induced improvements in tactile frequency discrimination in humans are correlated with an increase of cortical representations in the primary somatosensory cortex. Healthy male subjects (n = 16) were trained in a tactile frequency discrimination task of the left ring finger. During the first 15 days of training, there was a steep improvement in frequency discrimination, which generalized from the trained finger to its homologue on the opposite hand, and to a lesser extent, to the other fingers on both hands. During the following 15 days of training, there was only a minor improvement in tactile frequency discrimination. Retention of improved performance in frequency discrimination 30 days after training was demonstrated for all digits. Cortical finger representation in the primary somatosensory cortex, as measured by magnetic source imaging, did not change during training. Because of the generalized training effect and the lack of detectable increase in the cortical field evoked from the trained finger, we assume that skill improvement was mediated predominantly by regions outside the primary somatosensory cortex. Hum. Brain Mapping 18:260–271, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activation of perforant path neurons to field CA1 by hippocampal projections
Authors: Bartesaghi Renata , Gessi Tiziana 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPrevious evidence showed that single‐shock stimulation of dorsal hippocampal commissure (PSD) fibers to the entorhinal cortex led to sequential activation of perforant path neurons to the dentate gyrus, dentate granule cells, pyramidal neurons of hippocampal fields CA3 and CA1, and, through reentrant hippocampal impulses, neurons of deep and superficial layers of the entorhinal cortex. The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether perforant path neurons to CA1 are activated by the PSD input and/or by the reentrant hippocampal impulses in this model. Field potentials evoked by single‐shock (0.1‐Hz) or repetitive (1–4 Hz) PSD stimulation were recorded in anesthetized guinea pigs from the entorhinal cortex, dentate gyrus, fields CA1 and CA3, and subiculum. A current source‐density analysis of the evoked potentials was used to localize the input to field CA1 and dentate gyrus. After either single‐shock or repetitive PSD stimulation, an early current sink was found in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, but no sink was present in CA1. With low‐frequency PSD stimulation, a late (∼40‐ms) surface positive wave occurred in field CA1 alone. During this wave, a current sink was found in the stratum lacunosum‐moleculare of CA1, but no sink was present in the dentate gyrus. The late wave had threshold and magnitude related to the building up of the response evoked by reentrant hippocampal impulses in layer III of the entorhinal cortex and was abolished by selective interruption of the perforant path to CA1. The results show that the commissural input to the entorhinal cortex activates perforant path neurons to the dentate gyrus, but not those to field CA1 which are recruited by repetitive hippocampal impulses. These findings show different frequency‐dependent patterns of loop operation that might be related to different behaviors. Hippocampus 2003;13:235–249. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lepidamine, the First Aristolane‐Type Sesquiterpene Alkaloid from the Basidiomycete Russula lepida
Authors: Tan Jianwen , Dong Zejun , Hu Lin , Liu Jikai 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA novel N‐containing aristolane sesquiterpenoid compound, lepidamine (1), was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Basidiomycete Russula lepida. Its structure was established by spectroscopic means. It is the first aristolane‐type sesquiterpene alkaloid isolated from nature.
Effect of the Media on the Quantum Yield of Singlet Oxygen (O2(1Δg)) Production by 9H‐Fluoren‐9‐one: Solvents and Solvent Mixtures
Authors: Martínez Claudia G. , Neuner Annette , Martí Cristina , Nonell Santi , Braun André M. , Oliveros Esther 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe have investigated the effect of a series of 18 solvents and mixtures of solvents on the production of singlet molecular oxygen (O2(1Δg), denoted as 1O2) by 9H‐fluoren‐9‐one (FLU). The normalized empirical parameter E derived from ET(30) has been chosen as a measure of solvent polarity using Reichardt's betaine dyes. Quantum yields of 1O2 production (ΦΔ) decrease with increasing solvent polarity and protic character as a consequence of the decrease of the quantum yield of intersystem crossing (ΦISC). Values of ΦΔ of unity have been found in alkanes. In nonprotic solvents of increasing polarity, ΦISC and, therefore, ΦΔ decrease due to solvent‐induced changes in the energy levels of singlet and triplet excited states of FLU. This compound is a poor 1O2 sensitizer in protic solvents, because hydrogen bonding considerably increases the rate of internal conversion from the singlet excited state, thus diminishing ΦΔ to values much lower than those in nonprotic solvents of similar polarity. In mixtures of cyclohexane and alcohols, preferential solvation of FLU by the protic solvent leads to a fast decrease of ΦΔ upon addition of increasing amounts of the latter.
Toothbrushing causes elemental release from dental casting alloys over extended intervals
Authors: Wataha John C. , Lockwood Petra E. , Mettenburg Donald , Bouillaguet Serge 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe release of elements from dental alloys has been linked to alloy biocompatibility. Much of the research measuring elemental release has been done in vitro under passive conditions. The current study supplements a previous report that measured elemental release from dental alloys during and after the equivalent of 1 week of toothbrushing. In the current study, toothbrushing times were extended to the equivalent of 2 years, and elemental release was measured during and after brushing, with and without toothpaste. The results showed that for the major classes of dental alloys, brushing alone caused no significant elemental release during the brushing, and only minor increases after brushing. Brushing with toothpaste caused significant increases in elemental release for all elements of all alloys, but the largest increases were for the two nickel‐based alloys. Nickel released during brushing with toothpaste reached 600–800 μg/cm2 of alloy surface. Both beryllium‐containing and non‐beryllium‐containing nickel‐based alloys behaved similarly, refuting claims that non‐beryllium alloys are superior in this regard. Thus, brushing with toothpaste under these extended in vitro conditions appears to increase the biological liabilities from elemental release for all alloys, but primarily for nickel‐based alloys. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 65B: 180–185, 2003
Straight talk on investing
Authors: Goldberg Stephen R. , Godwin Joseph H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBrennan, Jack. 2002. Straight Talk on Investing, What You Need to Know (New York: John
Wiley and Sons).Sagner, James, 2002. The Real World of Finance; 12 Lessons for the 21st Century
(New York: John Wiley and Sons).
Regulation by glucocorticoids of cell differentiation and insulin‐like growth factor binding protein production in cultured fetal rat nasal chondrocytes
Authors: Nadra Reem , Menuelle Pierrette , Chevallier Sylviana , Berdal Ariane 
Published: March 2003

AbstractGlucocorticoids (GCs) modulate insulin‐like growth factor action in cartilage through mechanisms that are complex and insufficiently defined, especially in the context of cranio‐facial growth. Because the family of IGF‐binding proteins (IGFBP‐1 to ‐6) is important in the regulation of IGF availability and bioactivity, we examined the effect of GCs on chondrocyte differentiation in correlation with IGFBP production in cultured fetal rat chondrocytes isolated from nasal septum cartilage of fetal rat. Dexamethasone (DEX) effects were tested before and at the onset of extracellular matrix maturation. DEX induced a dose‐dependent increase in the size of cartilage nodule formed, 45Ca incorporation into extracellular matrix, alkaline phosphatase activity, and sulfatation of glycosaminoglycans, maximal effects being obtained with a 10‐mM DEX concentration. The IGFBPs produced by cultured chondrocytes were characterized in culture medium which had been conditioned for 24 h under serum‐free conditions by these cells. Western ligand blotting with a mixture of [125I]IGF‐I and ‐II revealed bands of 20, 24, 29, a 31–32 kDa doublet and a 39–41 kDa triplet which were differently regulated by DEX. Immunoblotting showed that following DEX exposure, IGFBP‐3 and ‐6 were up‐regulated whereas IGFBP‐2, ‐5, and the 24 kDa band were down‐regulated. The effect of DEX on both differentiation and IGFBP production showed a same dependence, and developed when extracellular matrix maturation had been just induced. The results obtained in this chondrocyte culture system show that production of IGFBPs is modulated by DEX at physiological concentrations thus regulating IGF availability and action, a control which could promote the primordial role of the rat nasal septum in craniofacial growth. J. Cell. Biochem. 88: 911–922, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proprotein interaction with the GPI transamidase
Authors: Chen Rui , Anderson Vernon , Hiroi Yukio , Medof M. Edward 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFor characterizing how the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) transamidase complex functions, we exploited a two‐step miniPLAP (placental alkaline phosphatase) in vitro translation system. With this system, rough microsomal membranes (RM) containing either [35S]‐labeled Gaa1p or epitope‐tagged Gpi8p, alternative components of the enzymatic complex, were first prepared. In a second translation, unmodified or mutant miniPLAP mRNA was used such that [35S]‐labeled native or variant miniPLAP nascent protein was introduced. Following this, the RM were solubilized and anti‐PLAP or anti‐epitope immunoprecipitates were analyzed. With transamidase competent HeLa cell RM, anti‐PLAP or anti‐epitope antibody coprecipitated both Gaa1p and Gpi8p consistent with the assembly of the proprotein into a Gaa1p:Gpi8p‐containing complex. When RM from K562 mutant K cells which lack Gpi8p were used, anti‐PLAP antibody coprecipitated Gaa1p. The proprotein coprecipitation of Gaa1p increased with a nonpermissive GPI anchor addition (ω) site. In contrast, if a miniPLAP mutant devoid of its C‐terminal signal was used, no coprecipitation occurred. During the transamidation reaction, a transient high Mr band forms. To definitively characterize this product, RM from K cells transfected with FLAG‐tagged GPI8 were employed. Western blots of anti‐FLAG bead isolates of solubilized RM from the cells showed that the high Mr band corresponded to Gpi8p covalently bound to miniPLAP. Loss of the band following hydrazinolysis demonstrated that the two components were associated in a thioester linkage. The data indicate that recognition of the proprotein involves Gaa1p, that the interaction with the complex does not depend on a permissive ω site, and that Gpi8p forms a thioester intermediate with the proprotein. The method could be useful for rapid analysis of nascent protein interactions with transamidase components, and possibly for helping to prepare a functional in vitro transamidase system. J. Cell. Biochem. 88: 1025–1037, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apoptosis and lung cancer: A review
Authors: Shivapurkar Narayan , Reddy Jyotsna , Chaudhary Preet M. , Gazdar Adi F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIt is important to understand the molecular events that contribute to drug‐induced apoptosis, and how tumors evade apoptotic death. Defects in apoptosis are implicated in both tumorigenesis and drug resistance, and these defects are cause of chemotherapy failures. These studies should explain the relationship between cancer genetics and treatment sensitivity, and should enable a more rational approach to anticancer drug design and therapy. Lung cancer is a major cause of cancer deaths throughout the world. Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) represent the two major categories of lung cancer that differ in their sensitivity to undergo apoptosis. The role of apoptosis regulation in lung cancer with major focus on the differential sensitivities of the major subtypes is reviewed. J. Cell. Biochem. 88: 885–898, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.