bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurse‐led care for people with early rheumatoid arthritis: Interview study with thematic analysis
Authors: Sweeney Anne‐Marie Tetsche , Flurey Caroline A. , McCabe Candy S. , Robson Joanna C. , Richards Pamela , Ndosi Mwidimi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsTo develop an understanding of what comprises nurse‐led care in early rheumatoid arthritis from the perspective of rheumatology nurse specialists in England.DesignQualitative study.MethodsSemi‐structured telephone interviews with rheumatology nurse specialists in England were conducted in Summer 2020. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.Reporting follows the appropriate elements of consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research.ResultsSixteen nurses were recruited and interviews lasted 30–60 min. Four themes with 14 subthemes were identified.A specialist service delivered by experienced rheumatology nursesSpecialist care is provided by experienced nurse specialists with a high degree of autonomy in the rheumatology multidisciplinary team context.Addressing patients' complex care needsCare is evidence‐based and aims to start treatment, keep in treatment, educate and support. Access to psychology expertise is needed.Care with compassion using person‐centred, holistic and empathetic approachesNurses create patient relationships and a positive therapeutic environment. Nurse‐led telephone advice lines are essential for treatment adjustment, patient support and empowerment.Continued evaluation and development of the serviceConsultations are reviewed, and patients are asked for feedback. The COVID‐19 pandemic caused disruption, but changes streamlined procedures and improved documentation and communication.ConclusionNurse‐led care in early rheumatoid arthritis is a specialist service delivered with compassion, addressing complex care needs and using person‐centred approaches. This study identifies key aspects of care in early disease from the nurse perspective.
Conversion of N‐Acetylglucosamine to 3‐Acetamido‐5‐Acetylfuran over Al‐Exchanged Montmorillonite
Authors: Yamazaki Kiyoyuki , Hiyoshi Norihito , Yamaguchi Aritomo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract3‐Acetamido‐5‐acetylfuran (3A5AF) is a potential platform compound for the production of nitrogen‐containing pharmaceuticals and chemicals. 3A5AF can be obtained by dehydration of chitin or its monomer, N‐acetylglucosamine (NAG). Here, we examined the use of solid catalysts for the dehydration of NAG to 3A5AF to achieve a more economical process that uses a recyclable catalyst. NAG was dehydrated using various solid catalysts in the presence of NaCl and N,N‐dimethyl acetamide as solvent at 433 K. The yield of 3A5AF with the solid catalysts decreased in the following order: Al‐exchanged montmorillonite>H‐ZSM‐5 (SiO2/Al2O3=40)>H‐montmorillonite (K‐10)>Amberlyst15>H‐ZSM‐5 (SiO2/Al2O3=300)>TiO2>γ‐Al2O3>ZrO2>SiO2 ⋅ MgO>Na‐montmorillonite. The highest yield of 3A5AF (14 %) was obtained with the Al‐exchanged montmorillonite. The montmorillonite catalysts were characterized by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, N2 adsorption, Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and 27Al magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MAS‐NMR). In addition, a combined catalyst of Al‐exchanged montmorillonite and Cl− from synthetic hydrotalcite was found to be an active and recyclable solid catalyst for NAG dehydration to 3A5AF.
Evaluating the Current Ability of ChatGPT to Assist in Professional Otolaryngology Education
Authors: Zalzal Habib G. , Cheng Jenhao , Shah Rahul K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify ChatGPT's concordance with expert Otolaryngologists when posed with high‐level questions that require blending rote memorization and critical thinking.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey.SettingOpenAI's ChatGPT‐3.5 Platform.MethodsTwo board‐certified otolaryngologists (HZ, RS) input 2 sets of 30 text‐based questions (open‐ended and single‐answer multiple‐choice) into the ChatGPT‐3.5 model. Responses were rated on a scale (correct, partially correct, incorrect) by each Otolaryngologist working simultaneously with the AI model. Interrater agreement percentage was based on binomial distribution for calculating the 95% confidence intervals and performing significance tests. Statistical significance was defined as P < .05 for 2‐sided tests.ResultsIn testing open‐ended questions, the ChatGPT model had 56.7% of initially answering questions with complete accuracy, and 86.7% chance of answer with some accuracy (corrected agreement = 80.1%; P < .001). For repeat questions, ChatGPT improved to 73.3% with complete accuracy and 96.7% with some accuracy (corrected agreement = 88.8%; P < .001). For multiple‐choice questions, the ChatGPT model performed substantially worse (43.3% correct).ConclusionChatGPT currently does not provide reliably accurate responses to sophisticated questions in Otolaryngology. Professional societies must be aware of the potential of this tool and prevent unscrupulous use during test‐taking situations and consider guidelines for clinical scenarios. Expert clinical oversight is still necessary for myriad use cases (eg, hallucination).
Detecting local spots in network materials prone to mechanical failure
Authors: Wu Zhao , Markert Bernd , Bamer Franz 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe prediction of the onset of fracture is a challenging issue in the mechanics of disordered materials. In this contribution, we show that the fracture process in network glasses, such as silica glass, turns out to be a complex phenomenon that originates from specific spots that have the size of a few hundred atoms only. We apply pure shear deformation to identify local rearrangement spots prone to material damage. These spots are analyzed using stress drop steps, originally used for densely packed disordered systems.
Low‐velocity multiple impact damage characteristics and numerical simulation of carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminates
Authors: Fang Lin , Chu Yuji , Zhu Xueli , Yu Mingming , Xie Wang , Ren Musu , Sun Jinliang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLow‐velocity impact damage is one of the main defects of composite laminates, which seriously affects the bearing capacity and service life of composite laminates. Multiple impact experiments of carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminates were carried out under different impact energies. The finite‐element model was established according to the experimental conditions. The impact damage mechanism of laminated plates was studied by means of simulated damage cloud image, water immersion ultrasonic C‐scan, and computed tomography. The results showed that the matrix damage occurred mainly during the whole impact process, and the tensile damage of the matrix was dominant. As the number of impacts increased, the impact resistance of composite laminates decreased and the damaged area increased, with the second impact having the greatest influence on the degree of damage to the laminates; multiple impacts with low energy were easy to cause delamination at the top of the laminated plate. With the increase in impact energy, the damage at the bottom of the laminated plate was more serious, and the propagation mode of delamination damage in laminates changed from top‐bottom to bottom‐up.Highlights
Establishing a multiple impact finite‐element model for composites.
Accurately predicting the impact mechanical response of composites.
Revealing multiple impact damage evolution of composites by simulation.
Interactions with microbial consortia have variable effects in organic carbon and production of exometabolites among genotypes of Populus trichocarpa
Authors: Carrell Alyssa A. , Clark Miranda , Jawdy Sara , Muchero Wellington , Alexandre Gladys , Labbé Jesse L. , Rush Tomás A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPoplar is a short‐rotation woody crop frequently studied for its significance as a sustainable bioenergy source. The successful establishment of a poplar plantation partially depends on its rhizosphere—a dynamic zone governed by complex interactions between plant roots and a plethora of commensal, mutualistic, symbiotic, or pathogenic microbes that shape plant fitness. In an exploratory endeavor, we investigated the effects of a consortium consisting of ectomycorrhizal fungi and a beneficial Pseudomonas sp. strain GM41 on plant growth (including height, stem girth, leaf, and root growth) and as well as growth rate over time, across four Populus trichocarpa genotypes. Additionally, we compared the level of total organic carbon and plant exometabolite profiles across different poplar genotypes in the presence of the microbial consortium. These data revealed no significant difference in plant growth parameters between the treatments and the control across four different poplar genotypes at 7 weeks post‐inoculation. However, total organic carbon and exometabolite profiles were significantly different between the genotypes and the treatments. These findings suggest that this microbial consortium has the potential to trigger early signaling responses in poplar, influencing its metabolism in ways crucial for later developmental processes and stress tolerance.
Evaluation of an ammonia‐free natural rubber latex adhesive
Authors: Román Allen Jonathan , Dibisa Oliyad , Pardo Germán , Rodríguez Julio C. , Osswald Tim A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNatural rubber latex (NRL) within the adhesives industry has had limited applications because of poor water and chemical resistance; additionally, conventional preservation methods with ammonia produce poor adhesive properties and introduce toxicity. Today, solvent‐based adhesives dominate the market because of their superior mechanical properties; however, they negatively affect the health of users depending on the application due to the toxic chemicals. In this study, we investigated using a novel NRL‐based ammonia‐free adhesive as primary materials with bio‐additives, specifically cellulose, and collagen, to enhance their mechanical property provide the industry with an adhesive safe to handle. The peeling strength of an ammonia‐free NRL, 60% dry rubber content (DRC) NRL, with cellulose and collagen (Industrial Adhesive) were compared to high‐performance adhesives used within the footwear and construction industry to prove these adhesives direct applicability within these industries. Our findings showed that the ammonia‐free NRL Industrial Adhesive exhibited superior mechanical properties when compared against resilient flooring adhesives and footwear adhesives. Additionally, the peeling strength of an ammonia‐free 35% DRC with only cellulose (Office Adhesive) was compared to PVA‐based Elmer's Glue and it was observed that the ammonia‐free NRL adhesive outperformed Elmer's Glue by almost reaching four times the peeling strength of Elmer's Glue.
Elucidating the dynamic remodelling of Escherichia coli interactome in different growth conditions using multiplex co‐fractionation MS (mCF‐MS)
Authors: Low Teck Yew 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMost proteins function by forming complexes within a dynamic interconnected network that underlies various biological mechanisms. To systematically investigate such interactomes, high‐throughput techniques, including CF‐MS, have been developed to capture, identify, and quantify protein‐protein interactions (PPIs) on a large scale. Compared to other techniques, CF‐MS allows the global identification and quantification of native protein complexes in one setting, without genetic manipulation. Furthermore, quantitative CF‐MS can potentially elucidate the distribution of a protein in multiple co‐elution features, informing the stoichiometries and dynamics of a target protein complex. In this issue, Youssef et al. (Proteomics 2023, 00, e2200404) combined multiplex CF‐MS and a new algorithm to study the dynamics of the PPI network for Escherichia coli grown under ten different conditions. Although the results demonstrated that most proteins remained stable, the authors were able to detect disrupted interactions that were growth condition specific. Further bioinformatics analyses also revealed the biophysical properties and structural patterns that govern such a response.
Premorbid weight in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Oppegard Laura J. , Barros Lia M. , Pi Hongyang , Kornfield James , Hough Catherine L. , Rayner Samuel G. , Robinson Jeffrey C. , Leary Peter J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRelationships between obesity and outcomes in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are complex. Previous work suggested obesity, occurring alongside PAH, may be associated with better survival. In our work, we suggest obesity prior to PAH development is associated with worse survival. This may add a novel temporal element to the “obesity‐paradox.”
Functional redundancy across space and time in litter‐degrading fungal communities
Authors: Bao Yuanyuan , Dolfing Jan , Li Xin , Chen Ruirui , Cui Xiaodan , Li Zhongpei , Lin Xiangui , Feng Youzhi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionMicrobial‐driven litter decomposition contributes significantly to global carbon (C) turnover. Fungi play central roles in the degradation process due to their ability to hydrolyse recalcitrant litter components. The spatiotemporal variations in taxonomic composition of litter‐degrading fungi have been well documented. However, associated variations in litter‐degradation‐related functional composition of fungal communities remain unexplored.Materials and MethodsIn this study, a 16‐week field‐based buried rice straw experiment was conducted at three experimental sites across subtropical China in combination with laboratory 13C‐straw‐based DNA stable‐isotope probing (DNA‐SIP) microcosm experiments. Amplicon sequencing combined with shotgun metagenomic sequencing were the approaches of choice.ResultsThe field experiment showed that the taxonomic composition of the straw‐degrading fungal community was highly variable while the functional composition was rather stable. The higher permutational multivariate analysis of variation F scores (20.904−48.660) and the steeper slopes (1.92 E‐04−4.15E‐04) of the distance decay relationship for taxonomic composition than for function across periods (with lower F scores = 7.047−21.601 and gradual slopes = −1.33 E‐05 to −1.03E‐04) both indicated that the spatiotemporal patterns of functional composition in litter‐degrading fungi community were more conserved. The laboratory DNA‐SIP confirmed the field observations and showed that the conserved functional composition in litter‐degrading fungi was underpinned by a high functional redundancy of Basidiomycota.ConclusionFunction and taxonomy of litter‐degrading fungi were decoupled. The functional composition of the litter‐degrading fungal community was highly conserved in space and time, the taxonomic composition less so. The main drivers behind the observed taxonomic decoupling are probably/most likely functional redundancy and metabolic niche selection resulting in conservation of function, with changing environmental conditions and dispersal limitation drove the observed high taxonomic turnover of the community over the course of the litter degradation progression. Our study provides valuable insights in the ecology of fungi and their roles in in global C sequestration for ecosystem sustainable development.
Twelve years of rain attenuation statistics of Earth–space propagation experiment at Ka band in Toulouse
Authors: Suquet Étienne , Monvoisin Jean‐Pascal , Castanet Laurent , Féral Laurent , Boulanger Xavier 
Published: November 2023

SummarySince 2009, ONERA has been running Ka band propagation experiments in Toulouse (France, latitude 43.57°N, longitude 1.47°E). A rain gauge was also deployed on site to collect rainfall rate measurements concurrently to beacon data. Since April 2011, the beacon receiver has been recording the 20.2 GHz (vertical polarisation) Astra 3B beacon signal along a slant path of 35.1° of elevation angle. All years of the experiment had excellent data availability, hence giving 12 years of data at Ka band. First, the propagation experiment and the data processing methodology are described. Second, a statistical analysis of rain attenuation and rainfall rate is conducted. Comparisons are then performed with the prediction methods of Recommendations ITU‐R P.837‐7 (rainfall rate), P.618‐13 (rain attenuation) and P.678‐3 (variability of propagation phenomena).
Birefringent Dispersion Optimization to Achieve Superior Nonlinear Optical Phase Matching in Deeper Solar‐Blind UV Band from KH2PO4 to BeH3PO5
Authors: Pan Xuanlin , Liu Fan , Lin Zheshuai , Kang Lei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNonlinear‐optical (NLO) crystals require birefringent phase matching (BPM), particularly in the solar‐blind ultraviolet (UV) (200–280 nm) and deep‐UV (100–200 nm) regions. Achieving BPM requires optimization of optical dispersion along with having large birefringence. This requirement is especially critical for structures with low optical anisotropy, including classical phosphate UV–NLO crystals like KH2PO4 (KDP). However, there is a scarcity of in‐depth theoretical analysis and general design strategies based on structural chemistry to optimize dispersion. This study presents findings from a simplified dielectric model that uncover two vital factors to micro‐optimize transparent optical dispersion: effective mass (m*) of excited states and effective number (N*) of photo‐responsive states. Smoothing of dispersion occurs as m* increases and N* decreases. First‐principles analysis of deep‐UV KBe2BO3F2‐family structures is used to confirm the conciseness and validity of the model. It further proposes substituting K+ with Be2+ to decrease N* and increase m* while enlarging bandgap. This will lead to improved dispersion and an overall enhancement of KDP's BPM capability. The existing BeH3PO5 (BDP) is predicted to improve the shortest BPM wavelength for second‐harmonic generation, from 251 nm in KDP to 201 nm in BDP. BDP's extension into the broader UV solar‐blind waveband fully supports the proposed optimization strategy.
Synthesis of Graphitic Carbon Coated ZnPS3 and its Superior Electrochemical Properties for Lithium and Sodium Ion Storage
Authors: Kim Hyung‐Ho , Lee Eungjae , Kim Kyeong‐Ho , Shim Hun , Lee Jongwon , Lee Dongjun , Lee Doyeon , Kim Won‐Sik , Hong Seong‐Hyeon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGraphitic carbon‐coated ZnPS3 is prepared via direct phosphosulfurization and high energy mechanical milling (HEMM) with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and first introduced as an anode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). The HEMM process with MWCNTs reduces the particle size of as‐synthesized ZnPS3 bulk to 100–500 nm and yields the ≈5 nm thick graphitic carbon coated ZnPS3 nanoparticles, which are the nanocomposites of 5 nm sized nanocrystallites embedded in the amorphous matrix. The ZnPS3 electrode undergoes the combined conversion and alloying reactions with Li and Na ions and exhibits high initial discharge and charge capacities in both LIBs and SIBs. The graphitic carbon‐coated ZnPS3 electrode exhibits excellent high‐rate capability and long‐term cyclability. The superior electrochemical properties can be attributed to high electrical conductivity, high Li ion mobility, and high reversibility and structural stability derived from the graphitic carbon‐coated nanoparticles. This study demonstrates that the novel graphitic carbon‐coated ZnPS3 is a promising anode material for both LIBs and SIBs and the graphitic carbon coating methodology by HEMM is expected to apply to the various metal oxides, sulfides, and phosphides.
Prospective case study of critical decision making for horses referred for treatment of colic
Authors: Burrell Katie , Sutton‐Walker Georgina , England Gary C. W. , Burford John H. , Freeman Sarah L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited evidence on factors affecting critical decision making for horses with colic. This study's aim was to describe the assessment and decision making involved in horses referred for management of colic.MethodsAn in‐depth case analysis was used to document case presentation, decision making and outcomes for horses referred for colic to two UK equine veterinary practices over a 12‐month period. The data recorded included previous history, presenting signs, response to treatment, case outcome and factors affecting decisions for further treatment or euthanasia.ResultsData were available for 60 cases: 55 were hospitalised for medical or surgical treatment and five horses were euthanased following initial assessment. The main factors affecting treatment decisions were severity of clinical signs (80%, 47/59), financial concerns (10%, 6/59) and ongoing health issues or previous history of colic (5%, 3/59). Factors associated with euthanasia decisions were postoperative complications (5/18), poor prognosis (4/18), deteriorating clinical signs (3/18) and financial concerns (3/18).LimitationThe limited study population may affect the extent to which the findings can be generalised.ConclusionThe severity of clinical signs was the key factor in treatment decision making. The main factors affecting euthanasia decisions were clinical deterioration, poor prognosis and financial constraints. These findings should be incorporated into clinical case recording to capture the multifactorial nature of decision making.
Clinical, imaging and pathological features of hepatic carcinosarcoma in a sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps)
Authors: McCready Julianne E. , Fisher Jade , McCleery Brynn 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA 5‐year 6‐month‐old, neutered, male sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) presented for lethargy. Plasma biochemistry revealed severely elevated alkaline phosphatase and moderate hypercholesterolemia. A heterogenous liver and a right abdominal mass were noted on abdominal ultrasonography. Computed tomography revealed an enlarged liver with ill‐defined hypoattenuating regions and a heterogenous mass arising from the caudate lobe. Cytology of the liver was consistent with low‐grade mixed lipid and hydropic vacuolar change and mild to moderate mixed to mature lymphocytic infiltrate. Liver biopsies were declined, and the patient was managed with silymarin and prednisolone. Serial bloodwork and abdominal ultrasonography revealed persistently elevated alkaline phosphatase and progressive heterogenous hepatomegaly and hepatic nodules. The sugar glider died over 2 years after original presentation. On postmortem examination, there was a poorly differentiated hepatic neoplasm, with immunohistochemistry most consistent with a carcinosarcoma. In future cases, hepatic biopsies could be considered for sugar gliders presenting with hepatic masses when cytology is unrewarding.
Automatic cumulonimbus and towering cumulus identification based on the Italian weather radar network data
Authors: Ripesi Patrizio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe present an automatic cumulonimbus and towering cumulus cloud identification method, based on the Italian weather radar network data coupled with a NWP model and ground station data. In particular, we focus on its aeronautical applications as a support for the aerodrome automated weather observation systems and METAR AUTO reports. In addition to the significant convective cloud detection and discrimination, we also present a new methodology for convective cloud coverage and ceiling estimations.