bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Phonology of Standard Chinese
Authors: Duanmu San 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is a new and revised edition of the title first published by OUP in 2000. From the reviews of the first edition: 'This book is a comprehensive study of the phonology of Standard Chinese. Not only is it rich in detailed and amazingly accurate factual description, it also proposes elegant theoretical solutions to many long-standing problems in Chinese phonology, such as word length variation, word order, and the application of the third tone sandhi. Another great strength of the book is that in every chapter, the generative literature on related issues is carefully reviewed. Therefore it can also serve as a great reference book for the past advances in Chinese generative phonology. Moreover, the book is written in a down-to-earth fashion and is very approachable by anyone with the slightest interest in Chinese languages or phonology but relatively little training in either area.' Jie Zhang, Linguist 'Because of its accessibility, this book can be used as an introductory textbook for Chinese phonology or Chinese linguistics.... Every phonologist and student of Chinese linguistics will find something valuable from the book because of its wealth of data and insightful analyses.' Yen-Hwei Lin, Phonology 'Explanations are based on a variety of perspectives, from traditional views of the phoneme to feature geometry and Optimality Theory, each concisely introduced so that the discussion easy to follow even for the novice. The result is a flowing, integrated approach that addresses - and solves - some of the thorniest perennial problems in Chinese phonology.... Because this user-friendly introduction offers innovative new solutions to old problems, it enjoys the rare distinction of succeeding both as an essential textbook of Standard Chinese phonology and as an important new theoretical advance in phonological analysis.' Edward J. Vajda, Language
Methodological Challenges: Research Opportunities and Questions for the Future
Authors: Howell David A , Jusko Karen Long 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At a critical juncture in the development of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) project—the completion of the first module, and launching of the second and third—it is useful to highlight areas of methodological interest arising from the unique design of the study. Researchers analyzing the CSES data would benefit from a more complete understanding of, and guidance concerning the methodological implications of the study’s research design.
Staging Rome: the Renaissance, Rome, and humanism’s classical crisis
Authors: Blevins Jacob 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thou stranger, which for Romein Romehere seekest, And nought of Romein Romeperceiu’st at all, These same olde walls, olde arches, which thou seest, Old Palaces, is that which Romemen call. Behold what wreake, what ruine, and what wast . . . Joachim du Bellay, Les Antiquitez de Rome(1558), translated by Edmund Spenser (1591) Despite the critical tendency to view the Renaissance in Europe as a great awakening of autonomous selfhood, Renaissance humanism was as much about conXict as self-discovery.1 Ideological tensions during the Renaissance abounded, none more signiWcant than humanism’s obsession with classical culture amid very contemporary economic, religious, and political changes. The gaze back to antiquity— its art, literature, philosophy, politics, nationalism—was, on the one hand, the primary source for a growing focus on self-identity and a secular world founded on introspection of the self; on the other 1 There have recently been various approaches to humanism that have implicitly and explicitly challenged this somewhat old-fashioned view of the Renaissance. Jonathan Dollimore in his discussion of ‘Essentialist Humanism’ with regards to attitudes toward Renaissance tragedy illustrates the politically subversive nature of humanism; see Dollimore (2004). Ernesto Grassi (1988) takes a Heideggerian view of the Renaissance, and Gian Mario Anselmi (1988) approaches the humanist programme from a fundamentally Marxist view. See also Grassi (1983) and Leonard Barkan (1991).
Grandmother of Europe
Authors: Reynolds K D , Matthew H C G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By relaxing her seclusion Victoria reduced one of the major sources of tension with her elder children. Not that all was plain sailing: the prince of Wales remained irredeemably frivolous and worldly (although his mother was now more willing to admit and praise his good qualities); Alfred (created duke of Edinburgh in 1866) was safely married to Grand Duchess Marie of Russia after some years of alarm, but he was indiscreet politically and the queen worried about his connections with his in-laws. Victoria’s relationships with her married daughters also fluctuated, especially over their regular childbearing. Even with Vicky there were periodic coolnesses, sometimes over politics, but more often over her ‘inconsiderate’ habit of visiting the queen with a large suite of courtiers.
Austen’s reputation
Authors: Butler Marilyn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Persuasion and Northanger Abbey were published together in four volumes by John Murray, prefaced by Henry Austen’s ‘Biographical notice of the author’ (dated 13 December 1817), the ﬁrst acknowledgement in print of Jane Austen as the author of her six novels. The publication was organized by Henry and Cassandra, but the decision to pair the youthful, satirical Northanger Abbey with the mature, autumnal Persuasion was probably Jane Austen’s, since it matched her steady practice, by then, of pairing her novels so that the reader saw in them both similarity and contrast.
The Trophies of the Martyrs
Authors: Noga-Banai Galit 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this pioneering study, the first of its kind, Galit Noga-Banai analyses silver reliquaries decorated with Christian figurative themes. She offers a clearer and more detailed picture of the beginnings of the cult of relics, which were an essential asset to the Church in its establishment of pilgrimage centres and local hagiographic heritage sites, first in Italy and later in other places around Europe and North Africa. At the same time, Noga-Banai highlights the identity of the objects as portable art, treating the reliquaries as visual historical testimonies. The book is illustrated with nearly 100 finely reproduced drawings and photographs.
Ethical Principles and Precepts
Authors: Hinde Robert A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The more fortunate among us live peaceful and productive lives. Yet every day murders, burglaries, and crimes of many sorts are reported in the newspapers. We have become used to corporate scandals in the business world. We know that, while some individuals have more wealth than they know what to do with, millions of others are trying to exist below the poverty line. Wars, bringing death, bereavement, misery, and devastation are going on in other parts of the world.
Knowing Things: Exploring the Collections at the Pitt Rivers Museum 1884–1945
Authors: Gosden Chris , Larson Frances , Petch Alison 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book explores the early history of the Pitt Rivers Museum and its collections. Many thousands of people collected objects for the Museum between its foundation in 1884 and 1945, and together they and the objects they collected provide a series of insights into the early history of archaeology and anthropology. The volume also includes individual biographies and group histories of the people originally making and using the objects, as well as a snapshot of the British Empire. The main focus for the book derives from the computerized catalogues of the Museum and attendant archival information. Together these provide a unique insight into the growth of a well-known institution and its place within broader intellectual frameworks of the Victorian period and early twentieth century. It also explores current ideas on the nature of relationships, particularly those between people and things.
The Pitt Rivers Museum Stretched Out: Collecting in the Field
Authors: Gosden Chris , Larson Frances , Petch Alison 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Soon after arriving in Petats in 1929, a small coral island off the west coast of Buka in the Solomon Islands, where she was to start her fieldwork, Beatrice Blackwood befriended a local man called Jilohan, who was keen to trade with her. She told him of her interest in canoes (she was hoping to take model canoes back to the Pitt Rivers Museum) and they agreed that he would make one for her, using traditional methods. Blackwood also visited the village of Kalakalu to see another model canoe made by a man called Ketsian, who had decorated his canoe with carvings of a lizard, a fish, and two human heads with outstretched hands, and had painted it black and red alternately. Meanwhile, she visited Jilohan regularly in the bush as he began to build her canoe. She watched him as he shaped the outside, chipped out the inside, and carved away the prow.
Descartes, the Synoptic Philosopher
Authors: Cottingham John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Why should one study Descartes? There are large numbers of philosophers working today who see little if any reason to go back to the writings of a seventeenth-century thinker whose views they take to have been long since superseded. In so far as they mention Descartes at all, he is simply a dummy on which to drape various suspect doctrines (such as ‘Cartesian dualism’), which enlightened contemporary work in science and philosophy prides itself on having abandoned. Far removed from subscribers to this progressivist conception of philosophy are those champions of the history of ideas who make it their life’s work to pay meticulous scholarly attention to the philosophical works of past ages.
‘A Brute to the Brutes?’: Descartes’s Treatment of Animals
Authors: Cottingham John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To be able to believe that a dog with a broken paw is not really in pain when it whimpers is a quite extraordinary achievement even for a philosopher. Yet according to the standard interpretation, this is just what Descartes did believe. He held, we are informed, the ‘monstrous’ thesis that ‘animals are without feeling or awareness of any kind’. The standard view has been reiterated in a recent collection on animal rights, which casts Descartes as the villain of the piece for his alleged view that animals merely behave ‘as if they feel pain when they are, say, kicked or stabbed’. The basis for this widely accepted interpretation is Descartes’s famous doctrine of the ‘animal machine’ (bête-machine); a doctrine that one critic condemns as ‘a grim foretaste of a mechanically minded age’ which ‘brutally violates the old kindly fellowship of living things’.
Cartesian Ethics: Reason and the Passions
Authors: Cottingham John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the chief aspirations of philosophy as traditionally conceived was to help humans to lead happy and worthwhile lives. In the words of Descartes’s scholastic predecessor Eustachius, ‘universae philosophiae finis est humana felicitas’—the goal of a complete philosophical system is human happiness. Despite his radically new approach to philosophy, Descartes was determined to show that his system was no less fertile than those of his predecessors from the moral and felicific point of view. As he resoundingly declared in the preface to the French edition of the his magnum opus, the Principles of Philosophy, the construction of a perfect moral system—‘la plus parfaite morale’—was to be the crowning aim of his philosophy.
The Partisan Consequences of Baker v. Carr and the One Person, One Vote Revolution
Authors: Brunell Thomas , Grofman Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the United States when Baker v. Carr, 369 US 186 (1962) was decided, there were dramatic inequalities in the sizes of congressional districts within many states. The nature of the inequalities was far from random. Rural districts were overrepresented (underpopulated); urban districts underrepresented (overpopulated). These inequalities could be attributed to the repeated failure of a number of states to redistrict their congressional districts in light of new census data and the growth in urban populations these censuses revealed, and/or the existence of states which, when they did redistrict, systematically underrepresented urban areas by creating rural districts which were much smaller, on average than urban ones.
Districting and Redistricting in Eastern and Central Europe: Regulations and Practices
Authors: Popescu Marina , Tóka Gábor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After the demise of communism in 1988–91, one of the first tasks faced by the new democracies of Central and Eastern Europe was to devise electoral systems to hold multiparty elections. Proportional (PR) systems were introduced in the Czech and Slovak Republics, Estonia, Latvia, Moldova, Poland, Romania and later in Bulgaria and Croatia. Mixed systems proved very popular: parallel mixed systems, employing a majoritarian and a PR-segment side by side have been used in Lithuania since 1992, in Russia since 1993, and in the Ukraine in 1998 and 2002, and also made an appearance in the first elections in Bulgaria and Croatia in 1990 and in Albania in 1996–7. More complex mixed compensatory systems have been in place in Hungary since late 1989, and in Albania in 1992 and after 1997.
Embodied Minds in Action
Authors: Hanna Robert , Maiese Michelle 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Embodied Minds in Action, Robert Hanna and Michelle Maiese work out a unified treatment of three fundamental philosophical problems: the mind-body problem, the problem of mental causation, and the problem of action. This unified treatment rests on two basic claims. The first is that conscious, intentional minds like ours are essentially embodied. This entails that our minds are necessarily spread throughout our living, organismic bodies and belong to their complete neurobiological constitution. So minds like ours are necessarily alive. The second claim is that essentially embodied minds are self-organizing thermodynamic systems. This entails that our mental lives consist in the possibility and actuality of moving our own living organismic bodies through space and time, by means of our conscious desires. The upshot is that we are essentially minded animals who help to create the natural world through our own agency. This doctrine--the Essential Embodiment Theory--is a truly radical idea which subverts the traditionally opposed and seemingly exhaustive categories of Dualism and Materialism, and offers a new paradigm for contemporary mainstream research in the philosophy of mind and cognitive neuroscience.
Memories Cast in Marble: Introduction
Authors: Hamilakis Yannis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 2004, Greece hosted the Olympic Games for the First time since 1896, when the First internationally recognized modern Olympics had taken place there. They followed many months of international controversy, organizational difficulties, and the constant attention of the world’s media; the most common leitmotif in that media frenzy was that Greece was horribly behind schedule, and it was not going to guarantee safety, especially after 9/11; this chorus evoked thus the well-known tirade that modern Greeks have proven unworthy of their classical heritage.
From Western to Indigenous Hellenism: Antiquity, Archaeology, and the Invention of Modern Greece
Authors: Hamilakis Yannis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In March 1996, a peace treaty was signed at Sparta in the Peloponnese. The treaty ended a war that lasted 27 years, causing many casualties on both sides. The signing of the treaty, the text of which was prepared by Konstantinos Despotopoulos (of the Academy of Athens), was widely reported in the press. The signatories were not leaders of countries or of international organizations. They were the mayors of Athens and Sparta, and they declared the formal end of the Peloponnesian War, which ended in 404 BC (Nikitidis 1996).
Introduction
Authors: McCord Norman , Purdue Bill 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The choice of a period is among the most basic, contestable, and revealing of all the techniques of the historian. It is basic because any attempt to make sense of the past must involve breaks, developments, beginnings, and endings, all of which are challenged by continuities. It is contestable because other historians will discern different patterns and revealing because it exposes the historian’s preoccupations and sympathies.
Improvisation
Authors: Faraone Christopher A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We can detect another kind of polyphony in the extant fragments of archaic elegy, one that evolves over long stretches of time as one generation re-performs and improvises upon the favorite elegiac songs of the past.1 It seems clear, for example, that fourth-century Athenians informally recited the elegiac verses of Tyrtaeus, Solon, and ‘ Theognis’ at their symposia, apparently in a context that allowed for improvisation.
Tense and Aspect in Bantu
Authors: Nurse Derek 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Derek Nurse looks at variations in the form and function of tense and aspect in Bantu, a branch of Niger-Congo, the world’s largest language phylum. Bantu languages are spoken in central, eastern, and southern sub-Saharan Africa south of a line between Nigeria and Somalia. By current estimates there are between 250 and 600 of them, as yet neither adequately classified nor fully described. Professor Nurse’s account is based on data from more than 200 Bantu languages and varieties, a representative sample of which is freely available on the publisher’s website. He devotes substantial chapters to the analysis and comparison of the different tense and aspect systems found in Bantu. He also examines the verbal categories with which they interact, including negation and focus. Synchronic and diachronic perspectives are interwoven throughout the book. Following a brief history of Bantu over the last five thousand years, the final two chapters look systematically at the history of tense and aspect in Bantu. The first deals with the reconstruction of the earlier forms from which contemporary structures, morphemes, and categories are derived, and the second with the processes of change, including grammaticalization, by means of which older analytical structures and independent lexical items moved as they became incorporated as grammatical inflections and categories.
Aspect
Authors: Nurse Derek 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter treats aspect and is similar in shape and intent to Chapter 3. It sets out the thinking behind the analysis of aspect, deals with major categories and their exponents across Bantu, provides examples, examines different kinds of systems and devotes some space to minor categories. For some readers tense will be easier to grasp than aspect. It is not hard to move from general and non-linguistic ideas of past, present, and future time to past and future tense, and then to multiple past and future tenses and other notions discussed in Chapter 3. Aspect is less obvious for several reasons.
Other categories
Authors: Nurse Derek 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As mentioned in the opening section of the book, although the original intent was to present solely tense and aspect, that would have meant ignoring other important features and categories which form a fundamental part of the Bantu verbal word. Readers unfamiliar with tense and aspect in Bantu were likely to be equally unfamiliar with these other features, some of which have been of recent interest to general linguists. Consequently, this chapter has an overview of three of these features, negation, focus, and pronominal object marking. While other authors had examined some of these— particularly negation—their results were widely scattered and not easily accessible.
Trojan Past and Present
Authors: Erskine Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
fany Greek cities absorbed the Tnojan myth into their own trad­itions; they may have claimed Trojan descent or a Trojan founder; they may have had a cult of a Trcojan hero or other ties with the mythical city. Often these are obscure cities which left little or no artistic or literary record, virtua1ly ignored by historians such as Herodotos, Polybios, and Livy, salvaged only by the comprehensive scrutiny of a geographer such as Strabo or a travel writer such as Pausanias. Then there are the many Greeks who gave their children the names of Trojan heroes. All this combines to produce a world in which Tnojans are by no means anathema. It is not, hmvever, monolithic and uniform, but full of variety as different cities approach the Trojan past in different ways. Some areas such as the ‘froad itself seem to have valued it particularly highly. Nonetheless, it is not the Troad that opens the present Chapter’s exploration of these numerous local traditions but rather the northern city of Aineia. This city is especially illuminating both because it provides the earliest evidence for the celebration of a Trcojan past and because it helps to highlight the problems of approach.
The Nude Portrait in Greek Art
Authors: Hallett Christopher H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The best evidence for the development of ‘portrait costumes’ in Greek art is found in funerary monuments, in the large corpus of Attic grave stelai of the fourth century BC. Here we find Athenian men, identiﬁed by name, depicted in three distinct guises: wearing the himation (the Greek civic cloak); in military uniform and carrying weapons; or shown naked with athletic equipment. All three kinds of representation had been appearing on Greek grave stelai from at least as far back as the late Archaic period, and it has been remarked that these ‘seem to present archetypes for the three ages of Archaic man’: young naked athlete, represented with strigil or aryballos(oil flask); mature bearded warrior, wearing hoplite armour; and senior citizen clad in a himation, shown with his dog, and leaning on a stick. The grave stelai of the fourth century BC continue this tradition. The individuals represented now no longer appear as isolated ﬁgures, however, but are combined into family groups—with a kind of self-consciousness as to their contrasted appearance which justifies the use of the term ‘costumes’.
Mindless Sensationalism: A Quantum Framework for Consciousness
Authors: Page Donn. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I write as a physicist, with the knowledge that many physicists are studying the mathematical structure of our physical universe and hope to be able to find a ‘theory of everything’, or TOE, that will give a complete set of dynamical laws for this structure. This would essentially give the rules for how all the physical quantities in the universe evolve. Such a TOE would not by itself give the boundary conditions also necessary to determine the history of the universe, so it is a misnomer to say that it is a ‘theory of everything’, but it is convenient to retain the acronym TOE for this dynamical part of the laws of physics. Some physicists, such as Hartle and Hawking (1983), are also seeking to find rules specifying the boundary conditions (BC) of the universe. The combination of the TOE and the BC would then give a complete description of the mathematics of the state of the universe and its evolution.