bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Critical Appraisal of Modern Generic Concepts in Lichenology
Authors: Nimis Pier Luigi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAfter a brief historical survey, some current trends in the delimitation of lichen genera are discussed. A widespread tendency is that of elevating any supposedly monophyletic group of species to genus rank. As the term ‘ monophyletic ’ has no lower limit, this is likely to result in an explosive inflation of new genera, in a severe loss of the information carried by generic names and in a high degree of nomenclatural disorder. Five criteria are proposed for the acceptance or rejection of new generic segregates: (1) DNA testing for monophyly, (2) phylogenetic analysis, (3) number of characters used, (4) number of species considered, (5) information content of the new splittings. Upon a critical analysis of several recent generic segregations, a more flexible approach to taxonomic ranks is recommended, and particularly, when most of the suggested criteria are not fulfilled, a more frequent use of the subgeneric rank, which does not imply name changes.
Studies in the Lichen Family Pannariaceae VII. on Some Poorly Known Parmeliella-Like Species from the Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Jørgensen Per M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTwo Parmeliella-like lichen species are described as new: Santessoniella pulchella, known from warm temperate parts of eastern Australia and northern New Zealand, and Siphulastrum squamosum, a relatively common species on stumps ofNothofagus in southern Chile. Both differ from Parmeliella s. str. in the hemiamyloid, finally red-brown hymenial iodine reaction and the apical structures of the asci, as well as in thallus details (anatomy and chemistry). Parmeliella major Darb. is a synonym of P. thysanota (Sirt.) Zahlbr., which thus proves to be a circumpolar species in the Southern Hemisphere, though not yet discovered in South Africa. A new species, Parmeliella lacerate, is described from the Republic of South Africa, and related to Parmeliella chilensis (Hue) P. M. Jørg., comb. nov.
Hydrogen Sulphide and Epiphytic Lichen Vegetation: a Case Study on Mt. Amiata (Central Italy)
Authors: Tretiach Mauro , Ganis Paola 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA survey aimed at studying the effects of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) on epiphytic lichen vegetation was carried out at Acquapassante (Mt. Amiata, Central Italy). In 1992, lichen vegetation was surveyed using a sampling grid often units, on 18 chestnut trees along a transect from a chimney emitting H2S to c. 200 m in the direction of the prevailing winds. A Lichen Biodiversity Index (LBI) was calculated as the sum of the frequencies of all species present within the grid. The same survey was repeated five years later. Concentration Analysis was applied to describe the data structure, and Procrustes Analysis was used to verify the congruence between the ordinations of 1992 and 1997. The statistically significant linear and non-linear regressions found between environmental variables (distance of relevés from the chimney, bark pH, lichen biomass of selected foliose and fruticose species, total sulphur content of Evernia prunastri, Hypogymnia physodes, Parmelia sulcata and Ramalina fastigiata) and the position of the relevé points on the ordination axes suggest that species distribution along the transect is related to differences in H2S tolerance. However, some crustose species (Lecanora cf. conizaeoides, L. saligna and Scolkiosporum umbrinum) should be probably excluded from the computation of the LBI for monitoring purposes, as their optimum is in the immediate vicinity of the H2S source.
Environmental Factors Affecting the Distribution of Lichens on Granitic Monuments in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Prieto B. , Rivas T. , Silva B. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe phytosociology of lichens colonizing granitic churches and dolmens in Galicia (N.W. Spain) and Alentejo (central Portugal) was studied so as to identify (a) a group of species whose frequency on these structures would make them potentially useful as test species for the evaluation of biocides used for conservation, (b) environmental factors likely to control species distribution, and (c) species that may be useful as bioindicators of environmental factors in this kind of construction in the region studied. Chief among the factors correlating with species distribution is the class of structure (church or dolmen), which is attributed to the probable influence of this factor on environmental parameters affected by structural complexity, the presence of non-granitic materials and the influence of man in the immediate surroundings. The bioindicator species most sensitive to this complex of parameters appear to be three species found only on churches (Caloplaca citrina, Sarcogyne davits and Verrucaria macrostoma) and the most widespread of the species found only on dolmens (Lasallia pustulata). Other important factors, probably affecting the influence of class of structure, are pH and the availability of nitrogen and moisture.
Pocsia Mucronata, a new Foliicolous Lichen from Lord Howe Island, Australia
Authors: McCarthy P. M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPocsia mucronata P. M. McCarthy sp. nov. (incert. sed.) is described from Lord Howe Island, New South Wales, Australia. This foliicolous lichen inhabits leaves of the endemic palm, Howea forsteriana.
Three New Species of Porina (Trichotheliaceae) from Thailand
Authors: McCarthy P. M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThree species of Porina (Trichotheliaceae), P.kansriae P. M. McCarthy, P. siamensis P. M. McCarthy and P. wolseleyae P. M. McCarthy, are described from aquatic and semi-aquatic rocks in montane rainforest in north-eastern Thailand.
Tasmidella, A New Lichen Genus from Tasmania, with A Revised Circumscription of the Family Megalariaceae
Authors: Kantvilas Gintaras , Hafellner Josef , Elix John. A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe new crustose lichen genus Tasmidella, containing the species, T. variabilis sp. nov with two varieties, var. variabilis and var. inactiva var. nov., is described. Tasmidella is most closely related to Megalaria, from which it differs chiefly by having simple ascospores with a layered wall. Relationships with superficially similar genera are discussed. A revised circumscription of the family Megalariaceae is provided to take into account the inclusion of a second genus.
Fenestroconidia Caloplacae, A New Sporodochial Lichenicolous Fungus with Catenate Conidiogenous Cells
Authors: Calatayud Vicent , Etayo Javier 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe genus Fenestroconidia is described to accommodate the new species Fenestroconidia caloplacae. This lichenicolous fungus produces black sporodochia, has comdiogenous cells arranged in chains, and simple, pale brown conidia with a subhyaline guttule-like zone. It is known only from central Spain (Cuenca province), growing in the apothecia of Caloplaca saxicola s.lat.
Lichenopeltella Coppinsii, A New Species on Verrucaria Muralis From the British Isles
Authors: Earland-Bennett P. M. , Hawksworth D. L. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractLichenopeltella coppinsii Earland-Bennett & D. Hawksw. is described as a new species growing on Verrucaria muralis in Norfolk. It is compared with other species of the genus occurring on pyrenocarpous lichens in particular, and is close to the species informally called ‘L. hydrophila R. Sant.’, a name that has never been validly published.
Where does Lecanora Demissa (Ascomycota, Lecanorales) Belong?
Authors: Arup Ulf , Grube Martin 
Published: September 2002

AbstractLecanora demissa (Körb.) Zahlbr. is a crustose, lobate lichen that produces soredia and conidiomata but no apothecia. Its placement in Lecanora has long been questioned but nothing better has been proposed. We have studied the nuclear rDNA of the ITS regions and the SSU of L. demissa. In an alignment of the ITS regions of several representatives of Lecanora s. lat. it could clearly be shown by a PAUP analysis, using Aspicilia caesiocinerea as outgroup, that L. demissa does not belong to Lecanora. In a PAUP analysis of sequences of the SSU from representatives of the order Lecanorales, using members of Saccharomycetales as outgroup, L. demissa clustered on a well-supported branch with Caloplaca chlorina. In a further analysis of the ITS sequences of L. demissa together with representatives of Caloplaca and Xanthoria using Protoparmelia as outgroup two most parsimonious trees were found. In these trees the L. demissa branch was well within a strongly supported clade with C. cerina, the type species of the genus Caloplaca. The sister taxon to L. demissa in this analysis was C. variabilis. Chemical data and characters of the conidiomata support the affinity with Caloplaca and the new combination C. demissa (Körb.) Arup & Grube is therefore proposed. A lectotype for Imbricaria demissa has been designated. The phylogenetic analysis of several representatives of the genera Caloplaca and Xanthoria suggests that these genera are not monophyletic as presently circumscribed. Two large, monophyletic groups of species could be recognized, one with Xanthoria species mixed with lobate and crustose members of Caloplaca, and one with mainly crustose Caloplaca, including both species with orange or black apothecia.
A New Bryophilous Porina from Tasmania, and Notes on the Diversity, Ecological Groups and Biogeographical Affinities of Tasmanian Trichotheliaceae
Authors: McCarthy P. M. , Kantvilas G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPorina bryophila P. M. McCarthy & Kantvilas is described from living and moribund epiphytic bryophytes in Tasmanian rainforest. The diversity, ecological groups and biogeographical affinities of Tasmanian Trichotheliaceae, currently comprising 25 taxa, are discussed.
Evaluation of bio-indication methods using epiphytes by correlating with SO2-Pollution Parameters
Authors: Geebelen Wouter , Hoffmann Maurice 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn order to evaluate the relative usefulness of the numerous bio-indication methods that use epiphytes as indicators for air pollution, a range of these different methods was applied within the same region (Flanders, Northern Belgium). The study area shows important air pollution gradients and little climatic differentiation. Ninety-one IAP indices were calculated with data collected in the immediate vicinity of SO⊂2 measuring stations on one randomly chosen tree, on ten neighbouring trees and in a sampling grid placed on the tree carrying the largest number of epiphytes. A large majority of indices showed a significant Spearman rank order correlation with mean SO⊂2 winter values over the 5 years 1990-94. Indices based on a selection of 17 lichens gave better results than those based on all lichens. The latter indices showed higher correlation than those using all epiphytes (including bryophytes). Indices using a quantitative estimate of cover or abundance or a combination of these did not result in a higher correlation. Sampling ten trees gave slightly higher correlation than the grid method or sampling of one tree. Taking into account supplementary evaluation criteria (time investment and degree of lichenological knowledge required), sampling of 17 bio-indicator species using a sampling grid is recommended within the study area. Monitoring the presence of all corticolous lichens within a sampling grid is recommended in general.
Dissolution of Weddellite, Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate, in Pyxine Subcinerea
Authors: Modenesi P. , Bombardi V. , Giordani P. , Brunialti G. , Corallo A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractOn the thalline lobes of Pyxine subdnerea there are delimited patches of pruina consisting of bipyramidal prisms, bipyramids and druses of weddellite, i.e. calcium oxalate dehydrate (COD), as revealed by X-ray analysis and SEM observations. The disappearance of the crystals from older thalline areas is preceded by an increase in the frequency of corrosion figures, in the form of etch square pits, and a decrease in the number of crystals occurring on the thalline surface. These features follow a dissolution gradient from the lobe apex towards the proximal edges of the patches. The corrosion figures are linked to the thermodynamic metastability of COD. Partial dissolution of the crystals, performed in water and in EDTA, has confirmed this latter assumption. It is thought that the disappearance of pruina, which interferes with the transmission of light to the algal layer, may allow the formation of soredia in mature thalline portions.
Phytosociology of Terricolous Lichen Vegetation in the Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland
Authors: Fryday Alan M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe results of an investigation into the lichen vegetation associated with vascular plant communities in the Scottish Highlands are presented. Most lichen species rarely occur in homogeneous stands of vascular plant vegetation, either occurring around the edges of recognized National Vegetation Classification (NVC) communities or in small-scale mosaics with them. However, some lichen species have a high fidelity to the more open NVC communities. The problems associated with applying NVC survey techniques to lichen assemblages are described and discussed.
Mapping and analysis of distribution patterns of lichens on rural medieval churches in north-eastern Germany
Authors: Weber Bettina , Büdel Burkhard 
Published: September 2002

AbstractLichen communities were examined on 62 churches in Mecklenburg–Vorpommern, Germany. Ninety-six lichen species and subspecies, and three species of lichenicolous fungi identified. Tylothallia biformigera and Lecanora campestris subsp. dolomitica are reported as new Germany, and another 20 species are considered as threatened. This implies that the stone walls churches represent an extremely important habitat in Mecklenburg–Vorpommern, where natural outcrops are rare. The distribution of lichen species was analyzed quantitatively in relation to several habitat factors. Aspect, substratum and inclination were found to be important factors for 35, 34 31 species, respectively. The height of the relevé was a significant factor for many species. Twenty-three species, which are described in the literature with oceanic to suboceanic distributions, occur significantly more frequently near the coast. The ways in which microclimate affects each these habitat factors and contributes to the presence or absence of a species or group of species discussed. Some species have narrow and specific habitat demands, whereas others thrive under wide range of environmental conditions. The advantages of a strictly schematic approach with detailed statistical analysis are discussed.
The vertical gradient of bark pH of twigs and macrolichens in a Picea abies canopy not affected by acid rain
Authors: Kermit Thale , Gauslaa Yngvar 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe pH of 192 thin, even-aged twigs from 4 height levels of 12 randomly selected trees within a boreal Picea abies canopy naturally exposed to rainfall with a high pH (>5·2) was measured. The largest variation in bark pH was due to the height above the ground. However, a highly significant horizontal variation between trees was also found, apparently due to small-scale soil variations. The biomass of alectorioid lichens increased with increasing height above die ground to at least 12 m, a height interval with fairly constant pH values. The uppermost twigs had an unusually high pH and an abnormal species composition for P. abies, with dominance of the foliose Melanelia exasperatula. The canopy hosted several cyanobacterial lichens, but these were scattered and had low biomass, restricted to lower branches of the trees with the highest bark pH.
Molecular and morphological studies on the subantarctic genus Orceolina (Agyriaceae)
Authors: Poulsen R.S. , Schmitt I. , Søchting U. , Lumbsch H. T. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe subantarctic genus Orceolina is revised and two species are accepted, i.e. Orceolina antarctica Mull. Arg. R. S. Poulsen Søchting comb. nov. and Orceolina kerguelensis (Tuck.) Hertel. Descriptions of the species are provided. In addition the phylogeny of the genus Orceolina and allied taxa was investigated using nucleotide sequences of the LSU rRNA gene. Sequences from these regions of nine agyrialean fungi were aligned to those of four representatives of Pertusariales used as outgroup. The alignment was analysed cladistically using maximum parsimony. The two Orceolina clustered together within the Agyriaceae. The placement in the family is supported by high bootstrap values and the Kishino-Hasegawa test.
Chiodecton epiphyllum is a lichenicolous fungus on Coenogonium flavicans and belongs in the genus Plectocarpon (Arthoniales: Roccellaceae)
Authors: Cáceres Marcela E. S. , Diederich Paul , Lücking Robert , Sérusiaux Emmanuël 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe biological status of Chiodecton epiphyllum (Arthoniales: Roccellaceae), described as a foliicolous lichen from Papua New Guinea, is reassessed, based on additional material from Brazil, Costa Rica, and Papua New Guinea. The species is a lichenicolous fungus growing on the foliicolous lichen Coenogonium flavicans (Gyalectales: Gyalectaceae). Furthermore, its ascomatal anatomy and lichenicolous growth habit suggest placement in the related genus Plectocarpon, instead of Chiodecton. We therefore propose the new combination Plectocarpon epiphyllum [Bas.: Chiodecton epiphyllum]. The species is further lectotypified on its ascomata since parts of the original description which denote vegetative characteristics refer to the sterile thallus of the host lichen.
Buellia Triseptata in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Giralt Mireia , Nordin Anders 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIberian records of Buellia triseptata A. Nordin are presented. This corticolous and lignicolous species was recently described from North America. A description based on the Iberian material is given, together with notes on ecology and distribution. Specimens belonging to B. triseptata were previously reported as B. disciformis, B. lauricassiae, B. pharcidia and B. triphragmia. The main distinguishing features between these taxa and B. triseptata are pointed out, and background to the misapplied names is given. Illustrations of the ascospores of B. triseptata and B. lauricassiae are presented. A distribution map of B. triseptata in the Iberian Peninsula is also provided.
Stratigraphic Evidence of a Pre-Wisconsinan Interglaciation in the Adirondack Mountains, New York
Authors: Muller Ernest H. , Sirkin Les , Craft Jesse L. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMultiple tills separated by interbedded lake sediments were temporarily exposed during open-pit mining at Sanford Hill, near Newcomb, in the central Adirondack Mountains of northeastern New York. Radiocarbon ages of wood fragments from brown clay between two tills at that site indicate an age older than 55,000 yr B.P. A pollen profile in the brown pond clay (Tahawus clay) records a transition from initial domination by pine, spruce, and birch to an oak pollen zone. The upward disappearance of spruce and decrease of pine and birch are accompanied by diversification and increase in hardwood pollen. This assemblage includes several warm-climate hardwood species that are not represented in the postglacial flora of the region, suggesting that the biota existed during an interglacial or interstadial interval that was warmer and/or longer than postglacial time. Accordingly, the Tahawus clay is tentatively assigned to the Sangamon interglaciation, and probably to marine oxygen isotope substage 5e. Truncation of the Tahawus clay by glacial erosion may account for the absence of a Sangamon paleosol.
Stable Isotopic Evidence for Latest Pleistocene and Holocene Climatic Change in North-Central Texas
Authors: Humphrey John D. , Ferring C. Reid 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA paleoclimatic record for a southern Great Plains locality (the Aubrey Clovis site in north-central Texas) has been established using stable carbon and oxygen isotopes. Detailed composite stratigraphic sections, constrained by14C ages, place the age of these deposits between 14,200 and 1600 yr B.P. Calcium carbonate samples of lacustrine and pedogenic origin were analyzed. Oxygen isotopic compositions of most of thesein situcarbonates reflect equilibrium precipitation from local meteoric waters. Oxygen isotope values reflect changes in the composition of meteoric waters tied to changes in the isotopic composition of moisture derived from the Gulf of Mexico. Oxygen isotopic variability at the Aubrey site is coincident with marine isotopic records from the gulf that vary due to changes in Laurentide ice sheet volume and meltwater influx. The stable carbon isotopic record, reflecting changing biomass through time, corroborates humid versus arid interpretations based on sedimentology and rates of alluviation. A middle Holocene arid period was in contrast to moist early and late Holocene climate, affirming interpretations of other workers studying southern Great Plains Holocene climate history.
Remanence Characteristics of Different Magnetic Grain Size Categories at Xifeng, Central Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Liu Xiuming , Rolph Tim , Bloemendal Jan , Shaw John , Liu Tungsheng 
Published: September 2002

AbstractUtilizing the thermal unblocking of low-temperature remanent magnetization in superparamagnetic (SP) ferrimagnets and the low-temperature demagnetization of multidomain (MD) magnetite remanences, the relative proportions of SP, MD, and singledomain (SD and SD-like) ferrimagnets are estimated in the topmost part of a loess section at Xifeng, China, which covers about the past 130,000 yr. SP ferrimagnets are commonly regarded as pedogenic (authigenic) products while the MD component is believed to have a detrital origin. These measurements, therefore, provide new data which improve our understanding of the characteristics and distribution of the different magnetic grain-size fractions present in loess and soils. In particular, our measurements indicate a larger MD fraction in soil than in loess, a result which indicates that although enhancement of the SP ferrimagnet fraction dominates the increased low-field magnetic susceptibility of paleosols, an enhancement of the MD fraction, probably through leaching, also plays an important role during pedogenesis.
Variation in Radiocarbon Ages of Soil Organic Matter Fractions from Late Quaternary Buried Soils
Authors: Martin Charles W. , Johnson William C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractRadiocarbon dating of three organic matter fractions (total, humic acid, and residue) isolated from late Quaternary buried soils of the central Great Plains reveals that there often are considerable differences among, but no consistent order to, the ages of fractions. For late Holocene soils, the residue fraction or the total fraction generally produces the oldest age; for late Pleistocene soils, however, no fraction was consistently the oldest. The absence of a consistent sequence of fraction ages is attributed to postburial contamination of soils. When bulk samples from the same soil were split and sent to two laboratories, different radiocarbon ages were usually obtained. The variability in radiocarbon ages of soil organic matter confirms that caution should be taken when using radiocarbon ages obtained from different laboratories to make regional stratigraphic correlations.