bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preradiation chemotherapy with methotrexate, cisplatin, 5‐fluorouracil, and leucovorin for pediatric nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Wofford Marcia , Castleberry Robert P. , Swanson Gregory P. , London Wendy B. , Fontanesi James , Pappo Alberto S. , Douglass Edwin C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is rare in children, accounting for < 1% of all cases. Treatment most commonly includes radiotherapy but long‐term side effects of such treatment can produce devastating cosmetic and functional sequelae in children. Chemotherapy may help to decrease the radiotherapy dose and limit the side effects of local therapies. However, little is known regarding the chemosensitivity of NPC tumors in pediatric patients.METHODSPatients with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Stage I/II disease (Stratum 01) received irradiation only. Patients with AJCC Stage III/IV disease (Stratum 02) received 4 courses of preradiation chemotherapy comprising methotrexate (120 mg/m2) on Day 1, with cisplatin (100 mg/m2) 24 hours later, 5‐fluorouracil 1000 mg/m2 per day as a continuous infusion for 3 days, and leucovorin 25 mg/m2 every 6 hours for 6 doses. Irradiation was given after chemotherapy and consisted of 50.4 gray (Gy) to the upper neck and 45.0 Gy to the lower neck, with a boost to the primary tumor and positive lymph nodes for a total dose of 61.2 Gy.RESULTSOne patient was enrolled in Stratum 01 and 16 evaluable patients were enrolled in Stratum 02. The median age of the patients was 13 years and 65% of the patients were black. All patients tested had evidence of Epstein–Barr virus infection. Two‐thirds of the patients developed Grade 3–4 mucositis during chemotherapy. The overall response rate to induction chemotherapy was 93.7%. The overall 4‐year event‐free and overall survival rates (± the standard error) were 77% ± 12% and 75% ± 12%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe current study demonstrated that childhood NPC was sensitive to chemotherapy and that chemotherapy before irradiation was feasible. Future trials should investigate equivalent efficacy with a reduced radiotherapy dose. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
A phase II trial of continuous infusion of 5‐fluorouracil, mitoxantrone, and cisplatin for metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ikeda Masafumi , Okusaka Takuji , Ueno Hideki , Takezako Yoriko , Morizane Chigusa 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of the current study was to evaluate the antitumor activity and toxicity of continuous infusion of 5‐fluorouracil, mitoxantrone, and cisplatin (FMP therapy) in chemotherapy‐naive patients with metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODSFifty‐one patients with metastatic HCC who had not undergone previous systemic chemotherapy were enrolled. The therapy consisted of intravenous administration of 80 mg/m2 cisplatin and 6 mg/m2 mitoxantrone on Day 1 and continuous intravenous infusion of 450 mg/m2 5‐fluorouracil per day on Days 1–5. The treatment was repeated every 4 weeks for a maximum of 6 courses with dose adjustments based on the observed toxic effects if there was no evidence of tumor progression or unacceptable toxicity.RESULTSOf the 51 enrolled patients, 14 (27%) achieved a partial response (95% confidence interval, 16–42%) with a median duration of 7.6 months (range, 2.3–18.4 months). Twenty‐seven patients (53%) showed no change and 9 (18%) had progressive disease. The median survival time, 1‐year survival rate, and median progression‐free survival time for all patients were 11.6 months, 44.3%, and 4.0 months, respectively. The main Grade 3 and 4 toxicities were leukocytopenia (67%), neutropenia (71%), thrombocytopenia (27%), and elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (37%) and alanine aminotransferase (41%). These symptoms were generally brief and reversible, with the exception of one treatment‐related death due to acute hepatic failure.CONCLUSIONSFMP therapy had significant antitumor activity with acceptable toxicity in patients with metastatic HCC. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Five‐day courses of irinotecan as palliative therapy for patients with neuroblastoma
Authors: Kushner Brian H. , Kramer Kim , Modak Shakeel , Cheung Nai‐Kong V. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors describe a large experience using short courses of irinotecan for palliative therapy in patients with neuroblastoma (NB). Quality of life was a major issue in choosing this regimen for patients whose disease was resistant to standard anti‐NB therapies.METHODSA retrospective review was conducted of all patients who were followed by the Department of Pediatrics at Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center and treated for resistant NB with irinotecan at 50 mg/m2 per day for 5 days as a 1‐hour intravenous infusion. Treatment was outpatient, and there was a minimum 2‐week rest period between courses. Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor was used to keep the absolute neutrophil count > 500–1000/mL.RESULTSForty‐four patients had been treated aggressively and/or extensively before they received one or more five‐day courses of irinotecan. Emetogenic, diarrheal, and myelosuppressive effects were readily managed. Hospitalizations were limited to three patients with bacteremia. Twenty‐three patients had a change in therapy, although they did not have progressive disease (PD) after receiving 1 (n = 10), 2 (n = 3), 3 (n = 1), 4 (n = 6), 7 (n = 1 patient), 22 (n = 1 patient), or 24 (n = 1) courses. The most common reasons for changing treatment were to intensify retrieval therapy or to pursue immunotherapy. Of those 23 patients, 15 patients had stable disease, 7 were not evaluable for response because of concurrent radiotherapy, and 1 patient had a major response. Twenty‐one patients had PD after 1 (n = 3, 2 (n = 9), 4 (n = 2), 5 (n = 1), 6 (n = 3), 7 (n = 1), 9 (n = 1), and 11 (n = 1) courses.CONCLUSIONSIn heavily treated patients, the regimen studied was well tolerated, allowed patients to continue most normal life activities, and produced anti‐NB effects. Its modest toxicity supported use with other antitumor agents. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Structure and Electronic Properties of Fullerenes C52q+: Is C522+ an Exception to the Pentagon Adjacency Penalty Rule?
Authors: Díaz‐Tendero Sergio , Martín Fernando , Alcamí Manuel 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe structure, vibrational spectra and electronic properties of the neutral, singly and doubly charged C52 fullerenes were studied by means of the Hartree–Fock method and density functional theory. Different isomers were considered, in particular those with the lowest possible number (five or six) of adjacent pentagons, and an isomer with a four‐atom ring. For neutral and singly charged species, the most stable isomer is that with the lowest number of adjacent pentagons, namely five. However, for C522+, the most stable structure has six adjacent pentagons. This finding, which contradicts the pentagon adjacency penalty rule, is a consequence of complete filling of the HOMO π shell and the near‐perfect sphericity of the most stable isomer. The simulated vibrational spectra show important differences in the positions and intensities of the vibrations for the different isomers.
Surface‐ and Resonance‐Enhanced Micro‐Raman Spectroscopy of Xanthene Dyes: From the Ensemble to Single Molecules
Authors: Vosgröne T. , Meixner A. J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSurface‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) spectra of various rhodamine dyes, of pyronine G and thiopyronine adsorbed on isolated silver clusters were recorded at the ensemble level and at the single‐molecule level with a high‐resolution confocal laser microscope equipped with a spectrograph and a CCD‐detector. Comparing single‐molecule spectra with ensemble spectra, various inhomogeneous spectral features, such as line splitting, spectral wandering, spectral diffusion and abrupt spectral jumps between different metastable spectral states, are revealed in temporal sequences of spectra; these affect both the frequency positions and the relative intensities of the vibronic bands. Resonance enhancement is investigated with respect to single‐molecule surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy and is found to be responsible for approximately three orders of magnitude in sensitivity. A significant influence of the substituents on the single‐molecule SERRS sensitivity is found, showing that various chemical effects are responsible for surface enhancement in addition to the electromagnetic enhancement effect.
A Microscopic Model for the Fluctuations of Local Field and Spontaneous Emission of Single Molecules in Disordered Media
Authors: Vallée Renaud A. L. , Van Der Auweraer Mark , De Schryver Frans C. , Beljonne David , Orrit Michel 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe develop a microscopic model to describe the observed temporal fluctuations of the fluorescence lifetime of single molecules embedded in a polymer at room temperature. The model represents the fluorescent probe and the macromolecular matrix on the sites of a cubic lattice and introduces voids in the matrix to account for its mobility. We generalize Lorentz's approach to dielectrics by considering three domains of electrostatic interaction of the probe molecule with its nanoenvironment: 1) the probe molecule with its elongated shape and its specific polarizability, 2) the first few solvent shells with their discrete structure and their inhomogeneity, 3) the remainder of the solvent at larger distances, treated as a continuous dielectric. The model is validated by comparing its outcome for homogeneous systems with those of existing theories. When realistic inhomogeneities are introduced, the model correctly explains the observed fluctuations of the lifetimes of single molecules. Such a comparison is only possible with single‐molecule observations, which provide a new access to local field effects.
Arias‐Stella reaction in a cervicovaginal smear of a woman undergoing infertility treatment: A case report
Authors: Lui Millie , Boerner Scott 
Published: January 2005

AbstractArias‐Stella reaction commonly is seen in gestational endometrium, but rarely is described outside the endometrium, particularly in nonpregnant women. Although the cytological diagnoses of Arias‐Stella reaction by cervical Papanicolaou (Pap) smears in pregnant, postpartum, and postabortal women are documented, to our knowledge, this is the first report of Arias‐Stella reaction in a cervicovaginal smear of a nonpregnant woman undergoing infertility treatment with clomiphene and beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐HCG). The cytological features observed in this case were characteristic of Arias‐Stella reaction but mimic malignancy leading to initial misinterpretation. It is of paramount importance to recognize this phenomenon in cervical Pap smears, especially in women receiving ovulation‐inducing agents and exogenous hormonal treatment to avoid this potential cytological pitfall. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;32:94–96. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration of an unusual case of poorly differentiated insular carcinoma of the thyroid
Authors: Gong Yun , Krishnamurthy Savitri 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPoorly differentiated insular carcinoma of the thyroid is a rare thyroid malignancy that is intermediary in biological behavior between well‐differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma. We used fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) to diagnose a poorly differentiated insular carcinoma with unusual cytological features in a 53‐yr‐old woman with a history of goiter and hypothyroidism, who presented with a massively enlarged thyroid gland and a large liver metastasis. The hypercellular aspirates were comprised predominantly of individually dispersed tumor cells. The tumor cells were small, monotonous, round to oval, and often plasmacytoid with eccentric hyperchromatic nuclei and occasional binucleation; finely granular, ill‐defined cytoplasm; and smooth nuclear contours, with hyperchromasia, and small to inconspicuous nucleoli. There were no identifiable microfollicles, necrosis, and mitotic figures. The differential diagnosis included poorly differentiated insular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, and low‐grade lymphoma. Immunocytochemical staining for thyroglobulin, calcitonin, and CD45 yielded negative findings. The insular pattern and scattered microfollicles were appreciated only focally in the specimen from the total thyroidectomy, which also showed other histological patterns including solid, trabecular, and papillary forms. In addition to small, uniform cells, Hürthloid, columnar, and clear cells were focally noted. Thyroglobulin immunoreactivity was recognized only in areas with well‐formed follicles. In view of the aggressive nature of insular carcinoma, preoperative recognition is important in planning appropriate therapy. Familiarity with the cytomorphological features, a high index of suspicion, and consideration of appropriate differential diagnoses can greatly aid in reaching a definitive preoperative diagnosis. The limitations of FNA in the sampling of a large tumor with heterogeneous patterns should be kept in mind when interpreting the cytomorphological and immunocytochemical results. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;32:103–107. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atypical papillary proliferation in gynecologic patients: A study of 32 pelvic washes
Authors: Ventura Karyna C. , Yang Grace C.H. , Levine Pascale Hummel 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPapillary clusters in gynecologic pelvic washes frequently cause diagnostic challenges because they can be associated with borderline or malignant ovarian tumors, as well as benign pelvic diseases. The objective of our study was to review all pelvic washes with atypical papillary proliferation (APP) and investigate whether cytomorphology and/or immunohistochemistry on cell block could determine their origin. Thirty‐two pelvic washes from 31 patients containing APP were reviewed and correlated with their corresponding gynecologic or pelvic disease. Previously obtained cell blocks with immunohistochemical (IHC) stains were reviewed also. Nine of 32 washes (28%) were overcalled as malignant and were from patients with 5 borderline serous ovarian tumors (BSTO), 1 ovarian follicular cyst, 1 serous cystadenofibroma, and 1 endometrial carcinoma with ovarian seromucinous cystadenoma. BSTO and endometriosis were the most common sources of APP. Cell blocks could not discriminate further the etiology of APP. Immunohistochemistry was performed rarely and not fully contributory. Caution in interpreting papillary groups and cytohistological correlation is recommended to prevent a high false positive rate. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;32:76–81. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Azaferrocenophanes with Azobenzene‐Containing Ligands − Protonation and Electrochemical Oxidation of the Molecule Influences the Absorption Spectra and cis−trans Isomerization of the Azobenzene Group
Authors: Sakano Tatsuaki , Horie Masaki , Osakada Kohtaro , Nakao Hidenobu 
Published: January 2005

AbstractN‐{4‐(Phenylazo)phenyl}aminophenyl‐2‐aza‐[3]‐ferrocenophane (4) and N‐{3‐(phenylazo)phenyl}aminophenyl‐2‐aza‐[3]‐ferrocenophane (5) have been prepared by C−N bond‐forming reactions catalyzed by Ru and Pd complexes. The absorption peaks due to the π−π* transition of the trans‐azobenzene group of 4 and 5 appear at 442 and 426 nm, respectively, in toluene. Photoirradiation of solutions of 4 and 5 at 420 nm causes partial isomerization of the trans‐azobenzene group to cis‐azobenzene and reaches a photostationary state. The compounds at the photostationary state undergo thermal isomerization of the cis‐azobenzene group to the trans isomer. The isomerization after one‐electron oxidation of the compounds takes place more rapidly than that without electrochemical oxidation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Effects of preconditioning on the accuracy and efficiency of incompressible flows
Authors: Patel S. , Drikakis D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAn investigation of some form of preconditioning approach for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations is presented. We have implemented preconditioning in conjunction with a high‐resolution (characteristics‐based) scheme for the advective terms, a non‐linear multigrid algorithm and an explicit fourth‐order, total variation diminishing (TVD) Runge–Kutta scheme. Computations have been carried out for flows through suddenly‐expanded and expanded–contracted geometries, for a broad range of Reynolds numbers, featuring flow separation as well as instabilities. We present comparisons of the preconditioned and non‐preconditioned solutions against experimental and previous computational results and show that for the cases exhibiting instabilities, preconditioning has a positive effect on the convergence, but the accuracy is adversely affected. Further investigations of other forms of preconditioning need to be performed in order to shed light on the above issues. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contrasting chemical and physical properties of [o‐ and [p‐(N,N‐dimethylamino) phenyl]phosphines and phosphonium salts
Authors: Cairns S. Matthew , McEwen William E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe rate of alkylation of (2‐N,N‐dimethylaminophenyl)diphenylphosphine with benzyl bromide in chloroform is faster than that of the corresponding reaction of (4‐N,N‐dimethylaminophenyl)diphenylphosphine. This result is discussed in terms of a through‐space N2p–P(IV) interaction for the former.The rate of alkaline cleavage of benzyl(4‐N,N‐dimethylaminophenyl)diphenylphosphonium bromide, which gives toluene, is slower than the rate of alkaline cleavage of benzyl(2‐N,N‐dimethylaminophenyl)diphenylphosphonium bromide, which gives dimethylaniline. This result is also discussed in terms of the through‐space N2p–P(IV) interaction.The 31P NMR spectra of a series of ortho‐dimethylamino‐substituted triarylphosphines and benzyltriarylphosphonium halides show that the phosphorus atom is more shielded than in the corresponding para‐dimethylamino compounds, as anticipated on the basis of an N2p–P(IV) interaction for the former.
The Chemistry of N‐substituted benzotriazoles. Part 22 [1]: Transformations of 1‐(trimethylsilylmethyl)benzotriazole
Authors: Katritzky Alan R. , Lam Jamshed N. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract1‐(Trimethylsilylmethyl)benzotriazole is readily prepared from benzotriazole and chloromethyltrimethylsilane. It undergoes fluoride‐catalyzed desilylation with carbonyl compounds and forms an anion that can be alkylated and acylated readily and undergoes Peterson olefination. 1‐(Cyclohexylidenemethyl)benzotriazole is lithiated exclusively at the α carbon atom, and the anion can be cleanly alkylated.1‐(α‐Acylalkyl)benzotriazoles are reduced to ketones with zinc and acid. The stability of 1‐alkenylbenzotriazoles to hydrolysis has been studied.
The insertion of sulfur and selenium into the 1,2‐dihydrophosphete ring
Authors: Huy Ngoc Hoa Tran , Mathey François 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSulfur and selenium react with a 1,2‐dihydrophosphete P‐W(CO)5 complex at ca. 120°C to give the corresponding 2,5‐dihydro‐1,2‐thiaphosphole and 2,5‐dihydro‐1,2‐selenaphosphole complexes, respectively. These products result from an insertion of S or Se into the PC sp3 bond of the four‐membered ring.
Persulfuration of phosphinines: Synthesis and X‐ray crystal structure analysis of a P2S3 derivative
Authors: Holand Serge , Alcaraz Jean‐Marie , Ricard Louis , Mathey François 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe reaction of 4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐phenylphosphinine with sulfur in boiling benzene in the presence of N‐methylimidazole as a catalyst first yields a P‐sulfide. This monosulfide further reacts with sulfur to give a diphosphinine trisulfide and a diphosphinine tetrasulfide. The X‐ray crystal structure analysis of the trisulfide has been carried out.The two head‐to‐tail 1,6‐dihydrophosphinine rings are connected by PSC and PC links, thus forming a central 1,2,4‐thiadiphospholane heterocycle. The PC bridge is weak [1.881(3) Å] and sulfur can insert into it to give the symmetrical tetrasulfide with two PSC bridges.
Tellurium tetrachloride: Addition to cyclohexene and preparation from tellurium dioxide and trimethylchlorosilane
Authors: Fukuzawa Shin‐Ichi , Irgolic Kurt J. , O'Brien Daniel H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTellurium dioxide, trimethylchorosilane, acetyl chloride, or acetyl bromide in glacial acetic acid generated a homogeneous solution. Addition of cyclohexene produced trans‐2‐halocyclohexyl tellurium trihalides of excellent purity in 70% yield. With dichloromethane or ethanol‐free chloroform the same compounds were obtained from heterogeneous reaction mixtures. trans‐2‐Methoxycyclohexyl tellurium trichloride was obtained quantitatively from tellurium dioxide, trimethylchlorosilane, and cyclohexene in absolute methanol. In the absence of cyclohexene, tellurium tetrachloride was obtained in 91% yield from tellurium dioxide and trimethylchlorosilane in chloroform, and tellurium tetrabromide in 98% yield from tellurium dioxide and acetyl bromide in glacial acetic acid.
Facile synthesis of 2,4‐dienals via an arsonium salt and its application to some natural products
Authors: Yang Jian‐Hua , Shi Li‐Lan , Xiao Wen‐Juan , Wen Xue‐Qing , Huang Yao‐Zeng 
Published: January 2005

Abstract2,4‐Dienals were synthesized conveniently by using a new formylenylolefination method. The aldehydes were reacted with formylallyltriphenylarsonium bromide (2) in Et2OTHFH2O (9 : 1 : 0.05) in the presence of K2CO3 at room temperature to give (2E,4E)‐and (2E,4Z)‐dienals, in favor of the former. They could be easily separated by chromatography, and the latter, in CH2Cl2, could be converted to the former on treatment with a catalytic amount of iodine in daylight. The configurations of the (E,E) products have been conveniently identified by 1H NMR determined in C6D6. The syntheses of two natural products, navenone A and Otanthus maritima amide, by this method are also reported in detail.
Diketones from ozonolysis of fused 3‐phospholene oxides: Cyclizations to 3‐phosphorinone and to 1,4‐dihydro‐1,4‐azaphosphinine derivatives
Authors: Quin Louis D. , Marsi Brian G. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract1‐R‐3‐Methyl‐2,4,5,6,7,7a‐hexahydro‐1(H)‐phosphindole 1‐oxide and 1‐R‐3‐methyl‐6‐methoxy‐2,8,9,9a‐tetrahydro‐1(H)‐benzo[e]phosphindole 1‐oxide (R = Me or Ph) were prepared and ozonized at −78°C to give diketones in good yield. The intramolecular aldol condensation was performed on certain of these ketones to give multicyclic 3‐phosphorinone derivatives. In some cases, double‐bond rearrangement into the ring‐fusion position was encountered. The 1‐phenyl derivative in the benzophosphindole series could not be cyclized due to ready displacement of the P fragment from the tetralone system. The diketones reacted with ammonium acetate to give multicyclic derivatives of the 1,4‐dihydro‐1,4‐azaphosphinine ring system. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐Octahydro‐3‐oxo‐1‐phenylphosphinoline 1‐oxide was used to demonstrate the value of the bicyclic 3‐phosphorinones as precursors of 1‐phosphadecalone derivatives. The carbonyl group was protected as the ethylene ketal and the double bond (as well as the benzene ring) was hydrogenated with ease. Hydrolysis gave the 1‐phospha‐3‐decalone derivative. Reduction of the same 3‐phosphorinone with NaBH4 gave a mixture of diastereomeric alcohols.