bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Children’s and Parents’ Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Lagged Analysis
Authors: Szpunar Monika , Bourke Matthew , Vanderloo Leigh M. , Bruijns Brianne A. , Truelove Stephanie , Burke Shauna M. , Gilliland Jason , Irwin Jennifer D. , Tucker Patricia 
Published: November 2023

Background: COVID-19 caused closures of movement supporting environments such as gyms and schools in Canada. This study evaluated the association between Ontario parents’ and children’s physical activity levels across time during COVID-19, controlling for variables that were identified as significant predictors of children’s and parents’ physical activity (e.g., children’s age, parents’ employment status). Methods: Parents (n = 243; mean age = 38.8 y) of children aged 12 and under (n = 408; mean age = 6.3 y) living in Ontario, Canada completed 2 online surveys, the first between August and December 2020 and the second between August and December 2021. At baseline, parents were asked to recall prepandemic physical activity levels. To determine the association between parent and child physical activity during COVID-19, a cross-lagged model was estimated to determine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between parents’ and children’s physical activity across time. Results: Bivariate associations revealed that parents’ and children’s physical activity levels were significantly related during lockdown and postlockdown but not prelockdown. The autoregressive paths from prelockdown to during lockdown were significant for children (β = 0.53, P < .001) and parents (β = 1.058, P < .001) as were the autoregressive paths from during lockdown to postlockdown for children (β = 0.61, P < .001) and parents (β = 0.48, P < .001). In fully adjusted models, the cross-lagged association between parents’ physical activity prelockdowns was significantly positively associated with their children’s physical activity during lockdowns (β = 0.19, P = .013). Conclusions: Resources are needed to ensure that children and parents are obtaining sufficient levels of physical activity, particularly during a pandemic.
Temporal Sequencing of Naturalistic Associations Between Body Satisfaction and Physical Activity: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study Among Women in Midlife With Elevated Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Romano Kelly A. , Heron Kristin E. , Arigo Danielle 
Published: November 2023

The goal of the present study was to examine naturalistic associations between body satisfaction and physical activity (PA) among women in midlife. Women 40–60 years of age with cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension; N = 75; Mage = 51.63) responded to five surveys per day for 10 days while accelerometer-derived PA measurements were collected continuously. PA parameters included cognitive determinants (PA motivation and intentions) and accelerometer-measured PA behavior (sedentary behavior, light-intensity PA, and moderate to vigorous PA). Multilevel models indicated that associations between body satisfaction and everyday PA differed across PA determinants, time frames (concurrent and prospective), and levels (momentary, daily, and person). For example, positive bidirectional associations were identified between women’s daily body satisfaction and PA motivation, whereas greater momentary light-intensity PA (but not moderate to vigorous PA) was unidirectionally associated with greater body satisfaction at a subsequent prompt. These findings provide insight into how associations between body satisfaction and PA unfold in the daily lives of women in midlife and highlight the complexities of these associations.
Bacterial efflux pump modulators prevent bacterial growth in macrophages and under broth conditions that mimic the host environment
Authors: Allgood Samual C. , Su Chih-Chia , Crooks Amy L. , Meyer Christian T. , Zhou Bojun , Betterton Meredith D. , Barbachyn Michael R. , Yu Edward W. , Detweiler Corrella S. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

New approaches for combating microbial infections are needed. One strategy for disrupting pathogenesis involves developing compounds that interfere with bacterial virulence. A critical molecular determinant of virulence for Gram-negative bacteria are efflux pumps of the resistance-nodulation-division family, which includes AcrAB-TolC. We previously identified small molecules that bind AcrB, inhibit AcrAB-TolC, and do not appear to damage membranes. These efflux pump modulators (EPMs) were discovered in an in-cell screening platform called SAFIRE (Screen for Anti-infectives using Fluorescence microscopy of IntracellulaR Enterobacteriaceae). SAFIRE identifies compounds that disrupt the growth of a Gram-negative human pathogen,
Salmonella enterica
serotype Typhimurium (
S
. Typhimurium), in macrophages. We used medicinal chemistry to iteratively design ~200 EPM35 analogs and test them for activity in SAFIRE, generating compounds with nanomolar potency. Analogs were demonstrated to bind AcrB in a substrate binding pocket by cryo-electron microscopy. Despite having amphipathic structures, the EPM analogs do not disrupt membrane voltage, as monitored by FtsZ localization to the cell septum. The EPM analogs had little effect on bacterial growth in standard Mueller Hinton Broth. However, under broth conditions that mimic the micro-environment of the macrophage phagosome,
acrAB
is required for growth, the EPM analogs are bacteriostatic, and the EPM analogs increase the potency of antibiotics. These data suggest that under macrophage-like conditions, the EPM analogs prevent the export of a toxic bacterial metabolite(s) through AcrAB-TolC. Thus, compounds that bind AcrB could disrupt infection by specifically interfering with the export of bacterial toxic metabolites, host defense factors, and/or antibiotics.

IMPORTANCE
Bacterial efflux pumps are critical for resistance to antibiotics and for virulence. We previously identified small molecules that inhibit efflux pumps (efflux pump modulators, EPMs) and prevent pathogen replication in host cells. Here, we used medicinal chemistry to increase the activity of the EPMs against pathogens in cells into the nanomolar range. We show by cryo-electron microscopy that these EPMs bind an efflux pump subunit. In broth culture, the EPMs increase the potency (activity), but not the efficacy (maximum effect), of antibiotics. We also found that bacterial exposure to the EPMs appear to enable the accumulation of a toxic metabolite that would otherwise be exported by efflux pumps. Thus, inhibitors of bacterial efflux pumps could interfere with infection not only by potentiating antibiotics, but also by allowing toxic waste products to accumulate within bacteria, providing an explanation for why efflux pumps are needed for virulence in the absence of antibiotics.
Clostridium butyricum
and
Clostridium tyrobutyricum
: angel or devil for necrotizing enterocolitis?
Authors: Tao Ruizhi , Zong Gangfan , Pan Yehua , Li Hongxing , Cheng Peng , Deng Rui , Chen Wenxing , Wang Aiyun , Xia Shishan , Tang Weibing , Lu Yin , Wei Zhonghong 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a challenging gastrointestinal disease that disproportionately affects premature neonates, with high incidence and case-fatality rates. Despite extensive research efforts, the pathogenesis and mechanisms of NEC remain unclear, making it difficult to effectively eradicate. However, it has been established that dysbiosis of gut microbes occurs before the onset of NEC, providing compelling evidence for the potential use of probiotic therapy. As such, we have focused our attention on two probiotics in particular:
Clostridium butyricum
and
Clostridium tyrobutyricum
, especially in light of recent breakthroughs that have linked several
Clostridia
species with NEC. To determine whether
C. butyricum
and
C. tyrobutyricum
are pathogenic or probiotic, we conducted a comparison of the phenotypic traits of NEC mice treated with each bacterium. Our results confirm that treatment with
C. tyrobutyricum
restores intestinal barrier integrity and alleviates inflammatory immune responses associated with NEC. In contrast, treatment with
C. butyricum
exacerbates intestinal barrier damage and promotes immune disorder, including increased numbers of macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils in the intestinal lamina propria. Further analysis of the gut microbiome suggests that the positive effects of
C. tyrobutyricum
treatment are associated with an increase in
Akkermansia muciniphila
, while
C. butyricum
treatment decreases the level of
A. muciniphila
, which accounts for its negative effect on NEC. This study sheds light on the fact that treatment with
C. tyrobutyricum
, but not
C. butyricum
, has the potential to protect against NEC development. The opposite effects of these two probiotics on NEC may result from their different modulation of the level of
A. muciniphila
, a gut microbe that is closely associated with intestinal homeostasis. In summary, by improving the abundance of
A. muciniphila
to alleviate intestinal inflammation and enhance intestinal barrier integrity, supplementation with
C. tyrobutyricum
may become a promising therapy for NEC.

IMPORTANCE

This study sheds light on that treatment with
Clostridium tyrobutyricum
but not
Clostridium butyricum
is entitled to protect against necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) development potentially. The mechanisms behind the opposite effect on NEC may result in different modulation on the level of
Akkermansia muciniphila
, which is deeply associated with intestinal homoeostasis. Briefly, through improving the abundance of
A. muciniphila
to alleviate intestinal inflammation and enhance intestinal barrier integrity,
C. tyrobutyricum
supplement may become a promising therapy for NEC.
Erratum to: Sensitivity of the DARWIN observatory to the neutrinoless double beta decay of $$^{136}$$Xe
Authors: Agostini F. , Maouloud S. E. M. Ahmed , Althueser L. , Amaro F. , Antunovic B. , Aprile E. , Baudis L. , Baur D. , Biondi Y. , Bismark A. , Breur P. A. , Brown A. , Bruno G. , Budnik R. , Capelli C. , Cardoso J. , Cichon D. , Clark M. , Colijn A. P. , Cuenca-García J. J. , Cussonneau J. P. , Decowski M. P. , Depoian A. , Dierle J. , Gangi P. Di , Giovanni A. Di , Diglio S. , Santos J. M. F. dos , Drexlin G. , Eitel K. , Engel R. , Ferella A. D. , Fischer H. , Galloway M. , Gao F. , Girard F. , Glück F. , Grandi L. , Größle R. , Gumbsheimer R. , Hansmann-Menzemer S. , Jörg F. , Khundzakishvili G. , Kopec A. , Kuger F. , Krauss L. M. , Landsman H. , Lang R. F. , Lindemann S. , Lindner M. , Lopes J. A. M. , Villalpando A. Loya , Macolino C. , Manfredini A. , Undagoitia T. Marrodán , Masbou J. , Masson E. , Meinhardt P. , Milutinovic S. , Molinario A. , Monteiro C. M. B. , Murra M. , Oberlack U. G. , Pandurovic M. , Peres R. , Pienaar J. , Pierre M. , Pizzella V. , Qin J. , García D. Ramírez , Reichard S. , Rupp N. , Sanchez-Lucas P. , Sartorelli G. , Schulte D. , Schumann M. , Lavina L. Scotto , Selvi M. , Silva M. , Simgen H. , Steidl M. , Terliuk A. , Therreau C. , Thers D. , Thieme K. , Trotta R. , Tunnell C. D. , Valerius K. , Volta G. , Vorkapic D. , Weinheimer C. , Wittweg C. , Wolf J. , Zopounidis J. P. , Zuber K. ,   DARWIN Collaboration
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe correct an overestimation of the production rate of $$^{137}$$

137

Xe in the DARWIN detector operated at LNGS. This formerly dominant intrinsic background source is now at a level similar to the irreducible background from solar $$^8$$

8

B neutrinos, thus unproblematic at the LNGS depth. The projected half-life sensitivity for the neutrinoless double beta decay ($$0\nu \beta \beta $$

0
ν
β
β

) of $$^{136}$$

136

Xe improves by $$22\%$$

22
%

compared to the previously reported number and is now $$T^{0\nu }_{1/2}= {3.0\times 10^{27}} \hbox { yr}$$

T

1
/
2

0
ν

=

3.0
×

10
27

yr

(90% C.L.) after 10 years of DARWIN operation.
Effect of rotation on thermal instability under Hele-Shaw cell saturated by Casson nanofluid
Authors: Ismail  , Bhadauria B. S. , Srivastava Anurag 
Published: November 2023

This paper examines the effect of rotation on thermal instability under Hele-Shaw cell saturated by Casson nanofluid using both linear and nonlinear ways. The nanofluid model incorporates Brownian and thermophoresis diffusion. While conducting an analysis of nonlinear stability numerically using the truncated Fourier series method, analysis of linear stability is performed analytically using the normal mode methodology. The outcomes are all displayed graphically. The results demonstrate that the rotation has dual effect on Hele-Shaw parameter as well as Casson parameter, for higher value of rotation it has destabilizing effect and it stabilizing the system for lower values of rotation. Lewis number and concentration Rayleigh number promote the onset of convective motion within the system. On the other hand, rotation stabilize the system. Understanding the behavior of heat and mass transportation, the concentration of nanoparticles and fluid phase, utilize the Nusselt number when Nusselt numbers are assessed as a function of time, it is found that the variation of the rotation, Hele-Shaw and Casson parameter has a major influence on the heat and mass transfer. Both steady and unsteady weakly nonlinear analyses are performed to understand the heat transport in the system. It is concluded that the Casson nanofluid parameter has both stabilizing and destabilizing impact depending upon the rate of rotation and therefore this work can be possibly utilized in both places, where heat removal and heat conservation are required.
A refined analytical model for reconstruction problems in diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Sergeeva Ekaterina , Kurakina Daria , Turchin Ilya , Kirillin Mikhail 
Published: November 2023

A refined analytical model of spatially resolved diffuse reflectance with small source-detector separations (SDSs) for the in vivo skin studies is proposed. Compared to the conventional model developed by Farrell et al., it accounts for the limited acceptance angle of the detector fiber. The refined model is validated in the wide range of optical parameters by Monte Carlo simulations of skin diffuse reflectance at SDSs of units of mm. Cases of uniform dermis and two-layered epidermis-dermis structures are studied. Higher accuracy of the refined model compared to the conventional one is demonstrated in the separate, constraint-free reconstruction of absorption and reduced scattering spectra of uniform dermis from the Monte Carlo simulated data. In the case of epidermis-dermis geometry, the recovered values of reduced scattering in dermis are overestimated and the recovered values of absorption are underestimated for both analytical models. Presumably, in the presence of a thin mismatched topical layer, only the effective attenuation coefficient of the bottom layer can be accurately recovered using a diffusion theory-based analytical model while separate reconstruction of absorption and reduced scattering fails due to the inapplicability of the method of images. These findings require implementation of more sophisticated models of light transfer in inhomogeneous media in the recovery algorithms.
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition Activates Intratumoral γδ T Cells in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Authors: Etherington Mark S. , Hanna Andrew N. , Medina Benjamin D. , Liu Mengyuan , Tieniber Andrew D. , Kwak Hyunjee V. , Tardy Katherine J. , Levin Lillian , Do Kevin J. , Rossi Ferdinando , Zeng Shan , DeMatteo Ronald P. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
γδ T cells are a rare but potent subset of T cells with pleiotropic functions. They commonly reside within tumors but the response of γδ T cells to tyrosine kinase inhibition is unknown. To address this, we studied a genetically engineered mouse model of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) driven by oncogenic Kit signaling that responds to the Kit inhibitor imatinib. At baseline, γδ T cells were antitumoral, as blockade of either γδ T-cell receptor or IL17A increased tumor weight and decreased antitumor immunity. However, imatinib therapy further stimulated intratumoral γδ T cells, as determined by flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Imatinib expanded a highly activated γδ T-cell subset with increased IL17A production and higher expression of immune checkpoints and cytolytic effector molecules. Consistent with the mouse model, γδ T cells produced IL17A in fresh human GIST specimens, and imatinib treatment increased γδ T-cell gene signatures, as measured by bulk tumor RNA-seq. Furthermore, tumor γδ T cells correlated with survival in patients with GIST. Our findings highlight the interplay between tumor cell oncogene signaling and antitumor immune responses and identify γδ T cells as targets for immunotherapy in GIST.
Bexmarilimab Activates Human Tumor-Associated Macrophages to Support Adaptive Immune Responses in Interferon-Poor Immune Microenvironments
Authors: Rannikko Jenna H. , Bono Petri , Hynninen Johanna , Hollmén Maija 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) show substantially greater efficacy in inflamed tumors characterized by preexisting T-cell infiltration and IFN signaling than in noninflamed “cold” tumors, which often remain immunotherapy resistant. The cancer immunotherapy bexmarilimab, which inhibits the scavenger receptor Clever-1 to release macrophage immunosuppression and activate adaptive immunity, has shown treatment benefit in subsets of patients with advanced solid malignancies. However, the mechanisms that determine bexmarilimab therapy outcome in individual patients are unknown. Here we characterized bexmarilimab response in ovarian cancer ascites macrophages ex vivo using single-cell RNA sequencing and demonstrated increased IFN signaling and CXCL10 secretion following bexmarilimab treatment. We further showed that bexmarilimab was most efficacious in macrophages with low baseline IFN signaling, as chronic IFNγ priming abolished bexmarilimab-induced TNFα release. These results highlight an approach to target immunologically cold tumors and to increase the likelihood of their subsequent response to ICIs.
The Asymmetries of Displacement: The Spatial Aspects of the Greek-Turkish Population Exchange
Authors: Cankara Melis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Greek-Turkish population exchange convention of 1923 had major effects on both countries in terms of politics, economy, society, and space. Some of the negative impacts were minimized over time. However, there are some long-term impacts, for instance on space, that are still observable in the cities we live in, even though a full century has passed since the exchange. This article focuses on both the local and broader spatial consequences of the population exchange from a comparative perspective.
Murdering Mangir
Authors: Meyer Verena Hanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Contemporary Javanese Islam is often imagined as unusually peaceful, the result of an allegedly conflict-free early history populated by Sufis and saints. Yet not all of Java’s Islamic history is peaceful, and neither were violent historic episodes always marginalized by historians and writers. This article discusses two literary accounts of a murder that happened in the early years of Mataram, the dynasty that facilitated widespread Islamization. Their two authors—Raden Ngabehi Suradipura and Pramoedya Ananta Toer—used the story as a familiar allegory to process their own experiences of violence and oppression in the colonial and postcolonial state. Belying normative visions of a teleology of peace, they present theo-political imaginaries in which violence is accepted in the cultivation of virtue and the creation—or aspirational creation—of a just polity. Through their literary work, these writers expressed their complex positionalities as they made sense of oppressive regimes, the political role of Islamic beliefs, and the normative content of history.
Complication rates after proximal femoral nailing: does level of training matter?
Authors: Haslhofer D. J. , Stiftinger J. M. , Kraml N. , Dannbauer F. , Schmolmüller C. , Gotterbarm T. , Kwasny O. , Klasan A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Surgical treatment of pertrochanteric fractures is one of the most performed surgeries in orthogeriatrics. Proximal femoral nailing, the most performed procedure, is often used as a training surgery for young residents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relevance of the resident’s training level to complication rates.

Material and methods
This study was a retrospective cohort study. Surgeons were divided into four groups according to their training level. Complications included infection, cut-out, and revision surgery. The study was performed at a level 1 trauma center. All patients who were treated with proximal femoral nailing surgery with a radiological follow-up of at least 3 months were included.

Results
Of the 955 patients extracted, a total of 564 patients met the inclusion criteria. Second-year residents had significantly higher cut-out rates (p = 0.012). Further analysis indicated a correlation between level of training and surgery duration (p < 0.001) as well as a correlation between surgery duration and infection rate (p < 0.001). The overall complication rate was 11.2%. Analyzing overall complications, no significant difference was found when comparing surgeon groups (p = 0.3). No statistically significant difference was found concerning infection (p = 0.6), cut-out (p = 0.7), and revision surgery (p = 0.3) either.

Conclusion
Complication rates after proximal femoral nailing are not higher in patients who are treated by residents. Therefore, proximal femoral nailing is an excellent procedure for general orthopedic training. However, we must keep in mind that accurate positioning of the femoral neck screw is essential to keep cut-out rates as low as possible.
Level of Evidence III.
Atypical compound melanocytic naevus of the urethral meatus case report
Authors: Menzies-Wilson Richard , Bashall Sophie , Rees Rowland , Deverill Sally 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Atypical melanocytic naevus (AMN) of the urethral meatus is very rare with only a handful of reported cases. It is important to note that the rarity of AMN in the penis may contribute to a delay in diagnosis and treatment, as well as a lack of awareness among healthcare providers. This is the first case report to describe workup and management of AMN of the urethral meatus of a male, making it a valuable contribution to the literature.

Case presentation
A Caucasian male patient in his fourth decade presented with a several month history of a pigmented lesion on his glans penis. The differential diagnosis was of malignant melanoma but after biopsy and specialist pathological review, atypical melanocytic naevus was diagnosed. A punch biopsy, followed by two wide local excisions, was undertaken for complete excision and evaluation of the lesion.

Conclusion
Since AMN cannot be clinically distinguished from malignant melanoma, timely histological evaluation of the lesion is essential for workup. In this case, site and visibility of the lesion, expedient biopsy, and tissue analysis resulted in identification and excision of the naevus early enough for penis preserving surgery to be performed.