bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Between practice and theory
Authors: Rink John 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter picks up from the first one in the book by considering how musical performance studies might develop in the future. After identifying the need for greater synergy across the domain, the author presents a case study of a video recording by Alfred Brendel of a Schubert piece, demonstrating how the separation sometimes posited between ‘academic researchers’ and ‘artist researchers’ might be transcended. It is claimed – controversially – that the case study can be construed as an example of artistic research. Consideration is also given to what the field of musical performance studies offers to performers themselves in terms of both theoretical insight and artistic inspiration. The conclusion is that the quest to understand what performance is, what it signifies, and how we do or might do it will never end. This envoi encapsulates the impetus behind the author’s own work in the field and a significant proportion of performance studies research more generally.
Introduction
Authors: Freer Courtney 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter sets out the book’s theoretical framing, first delving into previous political science work that has focused primarily on organs of the state, particularly the ruling family, and then introducing a new focus on the ideologies and ascriptive identities that mobilize Kuwaiti voters. It also introduces debates to be addressed throughout the book, such as whether ideology or ascriptive identity are key mobilizing factors, whether the state exists as a unitary actor in Kuwait, and the extent to which the description of Kuwait as housing a hybrid regime is appropriate. The chapter also outlines the methodology used for this study and the structure of the book.
Institutional Parameters
Authors: Freer Courtney 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter serves as an introduction to political life in Kuwait. It first outlines Kuwait’s early history as a British protectorate, before going on to detail its independence and the emergence of modern political life, beginning with the institution of parliament at independence and the writing of the Kuwaiti constitution. This chapter also notes instances of parliamentary suspension and explains changes in electoral laws and redistricting, as well as the legal parameters for political blocs. In addition to introducing the institutions of politics in Kuwait, the chapter explains other means of political mobilization, such as the National Union of Kuwaiti Students, civil society groups, dīwāniyyāt, and cooperative societies.
The 1960s
Authors: Freer Courtney 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers the early political history of Kuwait, when the al-Sabah family after independence worked to balance an increasingly politically oppositional merchant elite with a newly naturalized tribal population. It goes on to focus on the main political developments of Kuwait’s first decade of independence, primarily the establishment of the political institutions of the state and the ways in which these were altered during this period. It also introduces the primary political ideologies of that time, namely the rise of Arab nationalism and the state’s acceptance of the Muslim Brotherhood as an alternative to the popular Arab nationalist strand. The chapter also assesses the Kuwaiti state’s efforts to make ascriptive identities the primary mobilizing factor by naturalizing large numbers of the traditionally tribal population.
The 1980s
Authors: Freer Courtney 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers the 1980s, a generally tumultuous decade in Kuwaiti politics, including the beginning of violent movements in the country and the mobilization of Shiʿi Islamist and Salafi political blocs in parliament. The chapter begins with the institution of a new electoral law, including redistricting, in 1980 and the restoration of parliamentary life in 1981. During this time, parliament used the same instruments to hold the unelected segments of government to account as it had in the 1970s. The chapter goes on to cover the consequent dissolution of parliament (1986–1991) and popular reactions to it, ending with an assessment of the creation of the cross-ideological Constitutional Movement which sought the restoration of legislative life.
The 1990s
Authors: Freer Courtney 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews the 1990s, a period of change for Kuwait and of recovery, financially, economically, socially, and politically, from the Iraqi invasion and occupation. It begins with a discussion of the state’s reaction to the Iraqi invasion and occupation and the role of independent political and social movements, namely the Muslim Brotherhood, in stepping into this power vacuum. The chapter then examines the restoration of parliament in 1992, after government attempts to alter legislation, as well as opposition mobilization through the formation of new electoral coalitions. It goes on to assess the results of elections in 1996 and 1999, which demonstrated the desire for an increasingly vocal and ideologically broad-based political opposition to effect political reform.
Conclusion
Authors: Freer Courtney 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter brings together the previous empirical chapters to clarify the book’s theoretical contribution to the field of political science and to the study of Kuwait more specifically. Rather than viewing Kuwait as an isolated case study or in comparison only with its neighbors in the GCC, the book situates the country within broader ideological trends common across the Arab world: Arab nationalism, Islamism, and the Arab Spring. These illustrate the ways in which Kuwait’s connections with the broader Arab world have informed its domestic political life and reveal it to be a powerful case study in the analysis of the applicability of labels like hybrid regimes and authoritarian rentier states. The chapter concludes with a review of likely avenues for the future of Kuwait’s parliament and opposition politics and highlights avenues for further research.
Sequencing
Authors: Fieldsteel Eli 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The ability to generate interesting musical sounds is essential to the creative process, but this alone does not reveal techniques for structuring musical actions in time. To this end, the goal of this chapter is to improve the reader's familiarity and facility with expressing and playing musical sequences (e.g. phrases, chord progressions, note arpeggiators, or simply placing discrete sounds along an imagined timeline). The chapter begins with an introduction of the Routine class, a special type of function that can pause and resume, capable of performing a sequence of code actions by manual step-through or autonomous timed playback. TempoClock is introduced as a mechanism for expressing musical timing based on tempo, with options for rhythmic quantization and synchronization. This chapter also introduces Patterns and Streams, a unique and powerful feature of the SuperCollider language that encompasses a large collection of algorithmic modules that provide a concise score language for music. This section begins with basic value patterns for numerical data sequences, introduces the Event class for modelling musical actions, and arrives at Pbind, a cornerstone of the SuperCollider language that enables compact and modular sequential expression. Additionally, the chapter examines pattern composition ideas/shortcuts and introduces classes that facilitate real-time pattern control.
External Control
Authors: Fieldsteel Eli 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
SuperCollider can communicate with a variety of external devices and control protocols, which has the potential to enable new and alternative modes of performance, interaction, and improvisation, which are difficult or impossible to achieve by simply writing and evaluating code. This chapter primarily focuses on receiving control data via the MIDI and OSC (Open Sound Control) protocols, presenting the essential workflow and classes for mapping incoming messages onto musical actions, and also discusses techniques for sending MIDI or OSC data from SuperCollider to external destinations. Both protocols are good choices for incorporating physical controllers and other computers into a project, such as multimedia collaborations or laptop ensembles. OSC is the basis for all communication between the SuperCollider language and audio server, and therefore serves as an excellent option for many types of internal and external data sharing. This chapter also briefly discusses serial communication over USB using the SerialPort class (useful for projects that integrate Arduino or other microcontrollers), as well as the Human Interface Device (HID) protocol, which is relevant to some computer keyboards, mice, and game controllers.
Introduction
Authors: McDaniel Byrd 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This introduction defines “spectacular listening,” demonstrating how the term can help explain the growing popularity of practices that enable music consumers to translate listening into new performances for audiences. McDaniel links this rise to digital platforms that incentivize new performance genres. He contextualizes these practices against the backdrop of dominant listening norms in musical institutions, technologies, and discourse—what he calls “normal listening.” Ultimately, McDaniel reveals how normal listening has come to support ableist assumptions about musical listening, and he sets the stage for four case studies that offer opportunities for disruption of these norms through spectacular alternatives.
Use Your Illusion
Authors: McDaniel Byrd 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 focuses on competitors in the US Air Guitar Championships, an annual competition consisting of local, regional, and national air guitar competitions. The winner goes on to represent the United States in a Eurovision-style global air guitar competition in Oulu, Finland. These competitions feature hundreds of competitors and thousands of spectators. Competitors do not simply perform as themselves but construct elaborate personas that come to represent the powerful potential of listening to rock music. McDaniel offers perspectives of five competitors, all of whom experience a range of impairments—from anorexia to chronic pain to PTSD. He shows how air guitar competitions enable them to objectify their listening experience (quite literally, through constructing an imaginary guitar), which ultimately allows them to expose and disclose impairments to the community. Linking theories of disability with ethnomusicology, McDaniel demonstrates how air guitar competitions enable performers to masquerade and exaggerate impairments, fostering a feeling of intelligibility and mutual recognition between performers and audiences.
Accessible Listening
Authors: McDaniel Byrd 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 engages with podcasts as a practice, focusing on a collection of disabled podcasters who highlight music and art in their work. McDaniel examines how these hosts present listening as audible, emphasizing accessibility as a critical musical practice. These podcasts include Disability Visibility, Power Not Pity, and Reid My Mind. Their hosts listen as a form of content on their podcast, while they model listening through their performances. McDaniel considers how listening in an audio-based format can actually invite a recognition of the entire body in the listening experience. He theorizes these approaches as accessible listening and considers how listening to podcasts can inform the way people listen to other forms of sonic art, particularly popular music.
The SDF
Authors: Holmes Amy Austin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Using original survey data collected on the ground of some 400 members of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), I allow the voices of those who defeated ISIS to be heard. I trace the history of how Kurds created the mixed-gender YXG in 2011, which split into separate militias for men (YPG) and women (YPJ). These units were the foundation upon which the multiethnic SDF was built. My survey data illustrates that Arab SDF members belonged to forty-six different tribes or subtribes, representing the tribal diversity of the region. I then showcase two Arab units: the Sanadid Forces based along the northeastern border to Iraq, and the Manbij Military Council (MMC) in the northwest, bordering regions held by the regime and Idlib, and four Christian-led units: the Syriac Military Council, Bethnahrin Women Protection Forces, the Khabur Guards, and the Martyr Nubar Ozanyan Brigade, who guard sections of the frontlines with Turkey and Turkish-occupied Syria.
Delinking from Damascus
Authors: Holmes Amy Austin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the economic underpinnings of the autonomous region, which is based on control of oil, rich agricultural lands, important waterways such as the Tabqa Dam, and local female-run communes that allow women a degree of economic independence. Despite being under embargo from all sides, the Autonomous Administration can now offer salaries that are nearly double what is paid by the central government in Damascus. I argue that their plan to develop North and East Syria can be divided into short-term, medium-term, and long-term strategies. In order to achieve this, I contend that officials are not following a single theory or praxis, but are guided by an eclectic mix of radical feminism, a social-democratic commitment to provide a safety net for a population ravaged by war, as well as elements of capitalism in trying to promote small- and medium-sized enterprises in the private sector.
Yezidis and the Statelet of Survivors
Authors: Holmes Amy Austin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Since the beginning of the conflict in 2011, Syrians have lived under four regimes: the Assad regime, ISIS, the Autonomous Administration, and under Turkish occupation. Comparing how these four types of government have treated Yezidis—one of the most vulnerable minorities in the country—brings into sharp contrast the vast differences between them. Under the Baathists, Yezidis experienced systematic denial of their identity, followed by enslavement and genocide at the hands of ISIS. The AANES, however, recognized the Yezidi religion and allowed for a brief flourishing of the Yezidi religion and culture. The Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria has offered five things to the small Yezidi community: (1) recognition of their existence, (2) political representation, (3) religious freedom, (4) protection from annihilation, and (5) attempts at accountability by establishing courts to try Syrian ISIS members. Many of these gains have been rolled back, however, in the areas now occupied by Turkey.
The Inconclusiveness of Quasi-States
Authors: Holmes Amy Austin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the concluding chapter I summarize the main arguments of the book and also sketch divergent possible future scenarios. Having defeated the Caliphate, the Autonomous Administration now shoulders the burden of detaining tens of thousands of people affiliated with ISIS, including many Iraqis, Europeans, and other non-Syrian nationals. While the United States has led efforts calling for countries around the world to repatriate and rehabilitate their nationals, many countries refuse to take back their own citizens. Until now, the calls for an international tribunal, akin to the Nuremberg Trials after World War II, have been ignored. The AANES remains excluded from the UN-led talks over the future of Syria, while the region remains surrounded by adversaries. Will the statelet persist, extend to other parts of Syria, or be erased from the map like Republic of Ararat?
Where Are the Women?
Authors: Stephenson Elise 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the critical juncture for gender in international affairs, revealing the gendered leadership crisis that has been delivered off the back of the #MeToo, #BlackLivesMatter, and #EnoughIsEnough movements, and alongside cascading crises delivered by COVID-19. It introduces the research question of why women remain underrepresented in Australian international affairs, and the intersectional feminist institutional (IFI) framework used to interrogate who is chosen to represent the state internationally. The choice of Australia as a case study is explored, reinforcing Australia’s global leadership in terms of gender equality in international affairs, but also the entrenched gendered, racialised, and heteronormative challenges that remain in particular to impact on diverse women’s representation and inclusion. This chapter lays out the structure for the rest of the book, providing crucial insights on the lessons learned and methodological, empirical, and theoretical contributions made.
Exploring Theories on Gender and International Affairs
Authors: Stephenson Elise 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 explores the literature and research on gender and international affairs to date and develops the theoretical and conceptual framework of the book. Extending feminist institutionalist (FI) theory to the spheres of diplomatic and security decision-making, the book argues that multiply layered formal and informal gendered challenges, rules, norms, and practices impact on women’s pathways to, and experiences of, international leadership. The chapter situates the research in the field of international relations and explores the gendered nature of diplomacy and national security, from both historical and conceptual perspectives. It examines how gender and institutions have previously been conceptualised with reference to Australian international institutions, before detailing the theoretical frameworks that explain women’s underrepresentation and exploring their use in other internationalised contexts.
Historical Developments in International Affairs and Deep Insights Into the Case Agencies
Authors: Stephenson Elise 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 provides a brief historical analysis of international affairs and each of the four case agencies—the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Defence, Department of Home Affairs, and Australian Federal Police. It dissects the policy and organisational environments and traces the current more women-informed and feminist turn in foreign policy. This chapter is particularly important in grappling with the different organisational histories of the agencies and how they have evolved over time with regards to opening opportunities for women. Through doing so, the historical basis of much of the agency’s contemporary challenges is revealed, which provides an important basis for later discussions around how gendered challenges to international leadership have evolved over time. The ramifications this has for other analyses is significant, highlighting that women’s increasing representation does not automatically correlate with a reduction in gendered (and other) inequalities—emblematic of a glass cliff. The chapter further highlights that visibility or invisibility of gendered challenges may impact on women’s representation, and remains to be an important area for analysis.
Where Are the Women in International Affairs Leadership?
Authors: Stephenson Elise 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 presents some of the first surprising conclusions around militaristic versus bureaucratic structures when it comes to international gender representation. It breaks down the data, demonstrating a broad pattern whereby women remain segregated by status, prestige, and strategic importance of posts and positions gained. It finds that women’s underrepresentation in international affairs is pervasive, unrelenting, and seldom overcome. Underrepresentation is evidenced across diplomatic missions, the United Nations and other international organisations, military bases, political meetings, and negotiations, think tanks and the corporate advisory community, and even academia. Women’s underrepresentation in international affairs is therefore all-consuming.
Eat Without Fear
Authors: Farrell Nicholas R. , Becker Carolyn Black , Waller Glenn 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Eating disorders are serious conditions that can be hard to treat; however, the chances of overcoming an eating disorder increase when exposure therapy is used as part of the overall treatment strategy. Exposure therapy involves confronting (rather than avoiding) challenging scenarios that evoke distress, and though this technique has typically been used mainly by psychotherapists, people struggling with eating disorders can use it on their own to reduce troubling eating behaviors. Eat Without Fear provides practical, reader-friendly information about this innovative, scientifically supported approach, as well as guidance on how to apply it effectively to beat an eating disorder using a “team approach” that involves family members, friends, and other loved ones. Readers will benefit from the use of easy-to-understand language describing the key concepts of eating disorders and how exposure therapy can help treat them. Additionally, the book guides readers through therapeutic activities that enable them to effectively practice exposure therapy techniques on their own. Given the value of involving family members and other supportive people in the eating disorder recovery process, this book encourages collaboration between readers and their loved ones and offers practical suggestions for how they can work together to achieve their desired goals.
How are eating disorders maintained?
Authors: Farrell Nicholas R. , Becker Carolyn Black , Waller Glenn 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Understanding how eating disorders are often maintained through a familiar cycle of responding to anxiety with avoidance and safety behaviors is an important step in beginning exposure therapy. This chapter offers readers a detailed explanation of the chief maintaining factors in eating disorders and helps readers grasp how these factors work to sustain and sometimes even worsen the condition. Whereas it is common for individuals with eating disorders to wonder about the causes of their condition, this chapter explains to readers how an understanding of present-day maintaining factors is more useful because it allows for application of exposure therapy to directly disrupt the maintenance of the eating disorder.
Exposure to anxiety about weighing
Authors: Farrell Nicholas R. , Becker Carolyn Black , Waller Glenn 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter explains the rationale for weighing exposure to address fear of weighing that leads to avoidance of weighing. Readers are provided examples of how fears of weighing commonly manifest in the form of various avoidance behaviors. This chapter also addresses very frequent weighing and provides information on how to reduce weighing to tolerate uncertainty about weight. The chapter acknowledges that weighing may be more fraught for readers who have higher-weight bodies but notes that people in higher-weight bodies can still benefit from learning about the degree to which eating does and does not (secondary to genetics) influence their weight.
Other areas for exposure
Authors: Farrell Nicholas R. , Becker Carolyn Black , Waller Glenn 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Two less commonly discussed methods of using exposure therapy for eating disorders are detailed, explaining how they can be used to address common symptoms that merit more attention. Interoceptive exposure is used for addressing physical sensations associated with the fears that are common in eating disorders—particularly the sensation of fullness, which can leave the individual more likely to avoid food, perpetuating the eating disorder. In contrast, imaginal exposure is used to help individuals to overcome their fear about future events, such as serious illness or being abandoned by others, by asking people to focus on thoughts or ideas that they normally avoid.