bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epstein‐barr virus (EBV) in healthy carriers: Distribution of genotypes and 30 bp deletion in latent membrane protein‐1 (LMP‐1) oncogene
Authors: Correa Rita Mariel , Fellner María Dolores , Alonio Lidia Virginia , Durand Karina , Teyssié Angélica R. , Picconi María Alejandra 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThere are two types of Epstein Barr virus (EBV): EBV‐1 and EBV‐2, distinguished by genomic polymorphism in the genes encoding the nuclear antigens (EBNA‐2, ‐3A, ‐3B, ‐3C). Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP‐1) is an EBV protein with known oncogenic properties. Different variants had been described; among them, a 30 base pair (bp) deletion (del‐LMP‐1) had been reported in benign and malignant pathologies, but there is little information about its frequency in healthy populations. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of the EBV genotypes and the 30 bp deletion frequency, in EBV healthy carriers from Argentina. Analysis of EBNA‐3C and LMP‐1 genes were done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by Southern blot hybridization on DNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from blood bank donors. EBV‐1 was present in 75.9% of samples, EBV‐2 in 14.6%, and co‐infections with both types in 6.5%. The deleted LMP‐1 variant was found in 7.4% of analyzed samples, corresponding 3.2% to deleted variant alone and 4.2% to co‐infections with non‐deleted form. The non‐deleted variant was found in 64.6% whereas in the remaining 28%, no PCR product was detected. These results showed that EBV‐1 was the more prevalent type in healthy carriers of Argentina, similar to reports from others countries. A predominance of the non‐deleted LMP‐1 variant was observed. The presence of co‐infections with both types and variants demonstrated that healthy individuals may also harbor multiple EBV infections. J. Med. Virol. 73:583–588, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanism for induction of hydroxyurea resistance and loss of latent EBV genome in hydroxyurea‐treated Burkitt's lymphoma cell line Raji
Authors: Jiang Ru , Zhang Jian‐Ling , Satoh Yukio , Sairenji Takeshi 
Published: June 2004

AbstractHydroxyurea (HU), as an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase (RR) through interaction with the R2 component, has been used in the treatment of malignancies. Recently, therapeutic strategies in Epstein‐Barr Virus (EBV)‐targeted lymphoma have been reported. In order to study the effect of HU on EBV, infected Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) Raji cells were passaged in medium containing 50 μM HU for more than 2 months. EBV DNA was eliminated in about 40% of the cells in the HU‐treated cultures. The cells were cloned from such cultures, and only EBV‐positive clones could be isolated in 102 examined clones. No differences were observed in the EBV‐latent state, EBV‐gene expression, or cell growth between HU‐untreated Raji cells and HU‐treated clones. However, relative to parental Raji cells, the HU‐treated Raji clones were almost eight times resistant to growth inhibition by HU according to the ID50 value, and the expression of the R2 component of RR increased more than two to three times. These results indicate that HU not only efficiently eliminates the EBV genome from Raji cells but also induces HU resistance. HU resistance was accompanied by over‐expression of the R2 component of RR. However, the HU‐resistant clones were sensitive to gemcitabine, another inhibitor of RR, and this seems highly relevant to chemotherapeutic combination in the use of these drugs. J. Med. Virol. 73:589–595, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reactivation of HSV‐1 in the brain of patients with familial Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Mori Isamu , Kimura Yoshinobu , Naiki Hironobu , Matsubara Rokuro , Takeuchi Tohru , Yokochi Takashi , Nishiyama Yukihiro 
Published: June 2004

AbstractHerpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) has been proposed as an environmental risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease, although this issue is still in dispute. The involvement of HSV‐1 in the pathogenesis of familial Alzheimer's disease, the uncommon type of Alzheimer's disease, has not been addressed yet. We investigated formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded, postmortem brain tissue sections of three patients with familial Alzheimer's disease for the presence of HSV‐1 DNA. The nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detected the HSV‐1 glycoprotein D gene in the brain of all three patients with familial Alzheimer's disease preferentially in the frontal and temporal cortices, whereas only one case out of six age‐matched, non‐Alzheimer's disease individuals could disclose the presence of HSV‐1 gene. The PCR detected HSV‐1 DNA in the frontal cortex of the two patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease. The presence of HSV‐1 was associated with β‐amyloid deposition in the cerebral cortex. To clarify the localization of HSV‐1 in the brain tissue of patients with familial Alzheimer's disease, the in situ hybridization of the tyramide signal amplification system was used. It detected the HSV‐1‐specific signals predominantly in the cytoplasm of cortical neurons in a dot‐like staining fashion. In addition, high‐sensitivity immunohistochemistry revealed the existence of HSV‐1 antigens in the cytoplasm of cortical neurons. This report provides the first evidence of reactivation of HSV‐1 in the brain of patients with familial Alzheimer's disease, associated with β‐amyloid deposition, and suggests the possible involvement of HSV‐1 together with genetic factors in the pathogenesis of familial Alzheimer's disease. J. Med. Virol. 73:605–611, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of human rotavirus strains with G12 and P[9] detected in Japan
Authors: Shinozaki Kuniko , Okada Mineyuki , Nagashima Shigeo , Kaiho Ikuo , Taniguchi Koki 
Published: June 2004

AbstractTwo G12 human rotavirus strains, CP727 and CP1030, were isolated from the respective diarrheic stools of an infant and an adult in Japan. VP7 gene sequences of strains CP727 and CP1030 showed high identity with that of the G12 prototype strain L26, and with those of G12 strains reported recently from Thailand, the United States, and India. VP4 gene sequences of strains CP727 and CP1030 showed the highest identity with those of P[9] rotaviruses. In Northern blot hybridization, strains CP727 and CP1030 were found to be closely related to strain AU‐1 (G3P[9]); nine RNA segments hybridized to each other. Moreover, all segments each of the two Japanese G12 strains hybridized to those of the Thai G12 strain T152. These results suggest that Japanese G12 strains detected in this study are reassortants between a L26‐like strain and a strain in the AU‐1 genogroup. A similar reassortant was found in the Thai G12 strain T152. J. Med. Virol. 73:612–616, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein quality of drum‐processed cereal–bean–sardine composite supplementary foods for preschool‐age children
Authors: Mosha Theobald CE , Bennink Maurice R 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAcute, severe undernutrition during childhood remains a common health problem in many parts of the world and makes a significant contribution to childhood mortality. This study was conducted to evaluate the protein quality and growth/rehabilitation potential of supplementary foods developed from locally produced materials in Tanzania. Six diets, namely rice meal (RM), bean meal (BM), rice–bean meal (RBM), rice–bean–sardines meal (RBSM), corn–bean–sardines meal (CBSM) and corn–bean meal (CBM), were formulated to maximise the amino acid score as recommended by FAO/WHO/UNU for preschool children. Biological qualities of the diets, including apparent and true protein digestibility, net protein retention ratio, food efficiency ratio, protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid score and rehabilitation potential, were evaluated using Sprague Dawley weanling rats. Net protein retention ratio varied significantly (p < 0.05) among control diet (0.93), RBSM (0.92), CBSM (0.86), RM (0.66), RBM (0.44), CBM (0.28), BM (0.12) and corn meal (CM) diet (−0.40). True protein digestibility ranged between 82 and 99%, with BM showing the lowest digestibility. The protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid scores were 100% (control diet), 77% (CBSM), 89% (RBSM), 58% (RM), 90% (RBM), 47% (CBM), 85% (BM) and 48% (CM). Two test diets, CBSM and RBSM, showed the greatest potential to support growth and rehabilitation of undernourished rats, while CBM, RBM, BM and CM did not display acceptable growth. These results suggest that cereal–bean–sardine composites are of high quality and have potential for use as supplementary/rehabilitation foods for preschool‐ and school‐age children as well as adults. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficacy of propionates and benzoates on the control of growth of Eurotium species in bakery products with near neutral pH
Authors: Marín Sonia , Abellana Meritxell , Rull Francesc , Sanchis Vicente , Ramos Antonio J 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe effects of propionic acid, sodium propionate and benzoic acid on growth of various Eurotium isolates when added to a bakery product analogue were tested under various environmental conditions. The water activity of the products was adjusted to values in the range of 0.75–0.90 aw, and storage temperatures were in the range of 15–30 °C. Propionates were added in concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 5 g kg−1, while benzoic acid was added in the range of 0.25–1 g kg−1. It was observed that 0.25 and 0.5 g kg−1 concentrations sometimes enhanced isolate growth. When using sodium propionate, the highest concentration, 5 g kg−1, completely inhibited growth under all conditions except for 0.85–0.90 aw at 25–30 °C, while propionic acid completely prevented fungal spoilage regardless of the abiotic conditions assayed. On the other hand, benzoic acid at a given concentration had a wider effectiveness, thus used at 1 g kg−1 concentration prevented growth under all conditions except for 0.90 aw and 25–30 °C. It was concluded that trying to reduce the applied concentrations of these weak acid preservatives would be counterproductive and that, except for propionic acid, even at the higher permitted concentrations their use is not suitable for these near neutral pH products when their water activity is high (0.90 aw). Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Isolation, structural features and rheological properties of water‐extractable β‐glucans from different Greek barley cultivars
Authors: Irakli Maria , Biliaderis Costas G , Izydorczyk Marta S , Papadoyannis Ioannis N 
Published: June 2004

Abstractβ‐Glucans were isolated from six Greek barley cultivars (Persefoni, Kos, Thessaloniki, Athinaida, Dimitra and Triptolemos) by water extraction at 47 °C, enzymatic removal of starch and protein and subsequent precipitation of the water‐soluble β‐glucans with 37% (w/v) ammonium sulfate saturation. The purity of barley β‐glucans was high (>93% dry basis) with some small contamination by protein (<3.84%). The molecular size of the β‐glucan isolates was determined by high‐performance size‐exclusion chromatography (HPSEC); the weight‐average molecular weights and the intrinsic viscosities ranged between 0.45 × 106 and 1.32 × 106 and 2.77 and 4.11 dl g−1, respectively. Structural features of barley β‐glucans were revealed by 13C NMR spectroscopy and high‐performance anion‐exchange chromatography (HPAEC) of the oligomers released by the hydrolytic action of lichenase. Lichenase degradation showed that β‐glucans from all barley cultivars consisted of blocks of cellotriosyl and cellotetraosyl units, accounting for 90.6–92.3% of the total oligomers released, with a molar proportion of these units between 2.31 and 2.77. Rheological measurements of aqueous solutions/dispersions of β‐glucans showed the behaviour of non‐interacting polysaccharides and a transition from the typical viscoelastic response to gel‐like properties after a time period that depended on the molecular size of the polysaccharide. The lowest molecular size β‐glucans from the Triptolemos cultivar showed shorter gelation times than their higher molecular weight counterparts. The effect of sugar incorporation (glucose, fructose, sucrose, xylose and ribose), at a concentration of 30% (w/v), to the β‐glucans gels (6% w/v) on compression parameters seemed to be related to the type of sugar used; the pentose sugars substantially reduced gel firming. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
The effects of refined barley β‐glucan on the physico‐structural properties of low‐fat dairy products: curd yield, microstructure, texture and rheology
Authors: Tudorica Carmen M , Jones T Eirian R , Kuri Victor , Brennan Charles S 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe beneficial role of dietary fibre in human nutrition has lead to a growing demand for incorporation of novel fibres, particularly barley β‐glucans, into foods. Barley β‐glucans are regarded as dietary fibre ingredients that are partially soluble in water. The aim of the present work was to investigate the possibility of using barley β‐glucan in milk systems in relation to the coagulation properties of milk containing β‐glucan, and to the rheology, texture and microstructure of fresh curds. The rate of coagulation and optimum coagulum cutting time were evaluated using rheological measurements. Results show that coagulation/gelation time of the milk can be reduced significantly with the incorporation of β‐glucan; curd yield increased and the viscoelastic properties of the curd were altered with β‐glucan additions. The relationships between curd rheological behaviour and its microstructure are discussed in relation to use of novel hydrocolloids in dairy processing. The results suggest that barley β‐glucan has the potential to be used as a fat replacer in low‐fat dairy systems. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Wet‐fractionation of Phaseolus lunatus seeds: partial characterization of starch and protein
Authors: Betancur‐Ancona David , Gallegos‐Tintoré Santiago , Chel‐Guerrero Luis 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe optimum extraction conditions for integral use of Phaseolus lunatus seed, in alkaline medium, are 1:6 (w/v) flour:water ratio, pH 11 and a 1 h extraction time. Three main fractions were produced under these conditions: starch; protein isolate and fibrous residue by‐product. The yield is 288.4 g kg−1 starch, 188.2 g kg−1 protein isolate and the remaining quantity, fibrous residue. The starch has 98.4% purity, a 75 °C gelatinization temperature and high syneresis even at high concentrations. It also has high viscosity, good stability and middle retrogradation during the heating–cooling cycle. The protein isolate contains 711.3 g kg−1 protein as well as 75.5 g lysine kg−1 protein, 10.1 g methionine kg−1 protein and 12.2 g tryptophan kg−1 protein. Its in vitro digestibility is 79% with a 2.5 c‐PER. The fibrous residue contains 63 g kg−1 of protein, 328.4 g kg−1 of crude fiber and 567.3 g kg−1 of NFE. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of biodegradable coatings for covered horizontal bunker‐stored silage
Authors: Denoncourt Patrick , Ouattara Blaise , Lacroix Monique 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe addition of different plasticizers, thickeners and hydrophobic compounds such as fatty acids in biodegradable coatings has been evaluated using pH values and dry matter content as criteria in silage during one month of storage at room temperature under laboratory conditions. A base coating solution was prepared with whey protein concentrate, calcium caseinate and carboxymethylcellulose. From the base coating solution, derivative coating solutions were developed to evaluate the effect of plasticizers by incorporating glycerol at different concentrations and different ratios of sorbitol and glycerol. Thickening agents were also evaluated by adding fine silage powder, coarse silage powder, hay powder, or cornstarch. Derivative coating solutions were studied to evaluate the effect of fat constituents. Canola oil, beef fat, shortening, bees wax or candellila wax were added to the base solution following various procedures. Results showed that the addition of glycerol (320 g kg−1) in the coating formulation resulted in a pH value of 5.21 after 31 days of storage without visible spoilage under the coating. The presence of plasticizer compounds avoids the appearance of cracking in the coating during the early stage of conservation. The pH of silage coated with formulations containing coarse or fine silage powder was preserved below 5 until day 17 as compared to the other formulations where the pH was preserved below 5 only for 10 days. The incorporation of beef fat in the coating formulation resulted in the lowest pH as compared to all the other fat compounds evaluated, showing a value of 4.61 at the end of storage. The addition of glycerol, coarse silage and beef fat in the same coating formulation recovered by a hydrophobic layer of zein stabilized the pH to 4.47 for 28 days of storage with a final dry matter content at 344.3 g kg−1 without visible spoilage under the coating during all of the storage at room temperature. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Rheological and differential scanning calorimetry studies on structural and textural changes in frozen Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus)
Authors: Saeed Suhur , Howell Nazlin K 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe viscoelastic behaviour and thermal stability of Atlantic mackerel fillets stored at −20 and −30 °C for up to 2 years were investigated. An increase in elastic (G′) and viscous (G″) modulus values, reflecting protein aggregation, was observed in samples stored at −20 °C compared with those stored at −30 °C, as well as with storage time. The results indicate that toughening on frozen storage is not just limited to lean gadoid fish but also occurs in fatty fish, leading to texture deterioration. Differential scanning calorimetry of fillets stored at −20 °C showed a shift to a lower transition temperature (Tm) and a decrease in enthalpy (ΔH) compared with control fillets stored at −30 °C; this change was enhanced when fillets were stored for a longer period of time, confirming protein denaturation and the formation of aggregates reported previously by the authors (J Sci Food Agric 82: 579–586 (2002)). The contribution of lipid oxidation to protein aggregation was shown by storing minced mackerel with or without the antioxidant vitamin E at −10 °C. The G′ and G″ values were higher in samples stored without vitamin E than in samples stored with vitamin E; thus antioxidants may be used to minimise protein aggregation in fatty fish. The role of lipid oxidation in promoting protein aggregation and deterioration in the texture of fatty fish has not been reported hitherto. Antioxidants such as vitamin E may be used not only to prevent lipid oxidation but also to minimise protein damage in order to prolong the shelf‐life of fatty fish. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Strategies for the reduction of cerebral microembolism during transmyocardial laser revascularization
Authors: Gerriets Tibo , Grossherr Martin , Misfeld Martin , Nees Urs , Reusche Ernst , Stolz Erwin , Sievers Hans H. , Kaps Manfred , Kraatz Ernst G. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDuring transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR), multiple microembolic signals (MES) can be detected in cerebral arteries. We sought to characterize composition and clinical relevance of these MES and to evaluate strategies to reduce cerebral microembolization during TMLR.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTMLR was performed in pigs. Laser energy was set to 4–10 J (group A) or 80 J (group B). Oxygen concentration was varied between 21 and 100%. MES were recorded in the ophthalmic artery. Brain and spinal cord were investigated histologically after 10 days.ResultsMore MES could be detected during high‐ compared to low‐energy laser procedures. Ventilation with 100% oxygen reduced the number of MES. No lesions were found on histology.ConclusionsThe number of MES depends on the laser energy. Laser‐induces cavitation‐effects lead to an additional release of nitrogen bubbles. Thus, the microembolic load can be reduced by ventilation with 100% oxygen and by decreasing the laser energy. Lasers Surg. Med. 34:379–384, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photodynamic effects of anthracyclin derivatives on squamous cell carcinoma cell lines of the head and neck
Authors: Lippert B.M. , Teymoortash A. , Külkens C. , Folz B.J. , Werner J.A. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveIn the last years, photodynamic therapy, performed with hematoporphyrin derivatives, gained in importance for the treatment of superficially situated malignomas. The use of hematoporphyrin as photosensitizer is limited especially by the low depth of penetration and its side effects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy with anthracyclin derivates in squamous cell carcinoma cell lines.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe photodynamic effects of the anthracyclin derivates adriamycin and epirubicin as well as the effects of the hematoporphyrin derivatives photofrin‐II and photosan‐3 were examined and compared in 10 squamous cell carcinoma cell lines derived from head and neck tumors.ResultsBeside their cytostatic effect, the applied cytostatics revealed a marked photodynamic effect. A statistically significant difference for photodynamic effects of both cytostatic agents and the hematoporphyrin derivates could not be shown.ConclusionsThese results revealed that the above mentioned cytostatics could be considered as possible alternative photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy. Lasers Surg. Med. 34:391–397, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined photodynamic and photothermal induced injury enhances damage to in vivo model blood vessels
Authors: Kelly Kristen M. , Kimel Sol , Smith Tia , Stacy Amy , Hammer‐Wilson Marie J. , Svaasand Lars O. , Nelson J. Stuart 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe degree of port wine stain (PWS) blanching following pulsed dye laser (PDL) therapy remains variable and unpredictable. Because of the limitations of current PDL therapy, alternative treatment approaches should be explored. The objective was to evaluate a novel methodology for selective vascular damage, combined photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal (PDL) treatment, using the in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThirty microliters of benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring A (BPD) solution was administered intraperitoneally into chick embryos at day 12 of development. Study groups were: (1) control (no BPD, no light); (2) BPD alone; (3) continuous wave irradiation (CW) alone (576 nm, 60 mW/cm2, 125 seconds); (4) CW + PDL; (5) BPD+PDL; (6) PDT (BPD+CW); (7) PDL alone (585 nm, 4 J/cm2); and (8) PDT+PDL (BPD + CW followed immediately by PDL). Vessels were videotaped prior to, and at 1 hour post‐intervention and then assessed for damage based on the following scale: 0, no damage; 1, coagulation; 1.5, vasoconstriction; 2.0, coagulation+vasoconstriction; 2.5, angiostasis; 3.0, hemorrhage. Damage scores were weighted by vessel “order.”ResultsPDT + PDL resulted in significantly (P < 0.01) more severe vascular damage than was observed in any other study group: 127% more than PDT, 47% more than PDL alone.ConclusionsPDT + PDL is a novel and promising approach for selective vascular damage and may offer a more effective method for treatment of PWS and other vascular skin lesions. Lasers Surg. Med. 34:407–413, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.