bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Maturation, In Vitro Oogenesis, and Ovarian Longevity
Authors: Silber Sherman J. , Goldsmith Sierra , Castleman Leilani , Hayashi Katsuhiko 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper will review a remarkable new approach to in vitro maturation “IVM” of oocytes from ovarian tissue, based on our results with in vitro oogenesis from somatic cells. As an aside benefit we also have derived a better understanding of ovarian longevity from ovary transplant. We have found that primordial follicle recruitment is triggered by tissue pressure gradients. Increased pressure holds the follicle in meiotic arrest and prevents recruitment. Therefore recruitment occurs first in the least dense inner tissue of the cortico-medullary junction. Many oocytes can be obtained from human ovarian tissue and mature to metaphase 2 in vitro with no need for ovarian stimulation. Ovarian stimulation may only be necessary for removing the oocyte from the ovary, but this can also be accomplished by simple dissection at the time of ovary tissue cryopreservation. By using surgical dissection of the removed ovary, rather than a needle stick, we can obtain many oocytes from very small follicles not visible with ultrasound. A clearer understanding of ovarian function has come from in vitro oogenesis experiments, and that explains why IVM has now become so simple and robust. Tissue pressure (and just a few “core genes” in the mouse) direct primordial follicle recruitment and development to mature oocyte, and therefore also control ovarian longevity. There are three distinct phases to oocyte development both in vitro and in vivo: in vitro differentiation “IVD” which is not gonadotropin sensitive (the longest phase), in vitro gonadotropin sensitivity “IVG” which is the phase of gonadotropin stimulation to prepare for meiotic competence, and IVM to metaphase II. On any given day 35% of GVs in ovarian tissue have already undergone “IVD” and “IVG” in vivo, and therefore are ready for IVM.
Hawaiian Volcanic Ash, an Airborne Fomite for Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Authors: Dawrs Stephanie N. , Virdi Ravleen , Norton Grant J. , Elias Tamar , Hasan Nabeeh A. , Robinson Schuyler , Matriz Jobel , Epperson L. Elaine , Glickman Cody M. , Beagle Sean , Crooks James L. , Nelson Stephen T. , Chan Edward D. , Damby David E. , Strong Michael , Honda Jennifer R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmentally acquired opportunistic pathogens that can cause chronic lung disease. Within the U.S., Hawai'i shows the highest prevalence rates of NTM lung infections. Here, we investigated a potential role for active volcanism at the Kīlauea Volcano located on Hawai'i Island in promoting NTM growth and diversity. We recovered NTM that are known to cause lung disease from plumbing biofilms and soils collected from the Kīlauea environment. We also discovered viable Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium abscessus, and Mycobacterium intracellulare subsp. chimaera on volcanic ash collected during the 2018 Kīlauea eruption. Analysis of soil samples showed that NTM prevalence is positively associated with bulk content of phosphorus, sulfur, and total organic carbon. In growth assays, we showed that phosphorus utilization is essential for proliferation of Kīlauea‐derived NTM, and demonstrate that NTM cultured with volcanic ash adhere to ash surfaces and remain viable. Ambient dust collected on O'ahu concurrent with the 2018 eruption contained abundant fresh volcanic glass, suggestive of inter‐island ash transport. Phylogenomic analyses using whole genome sequencing revealed that Kīlauea‐derived NTM are genetically similar to respiratory isolates identified on other Hawaiian Islands. Consequently, we posit that volcanic eruptions could redistribute environmental microorganisms over large scales. While additional studies are needed to confirm a direct role of ash in NTM dispersal, our results suggest that volcanic particulates harbor and can redistribute NTM and should therefore be studied as a fomite for these burgeoning, environmentally acquired respiratory infections.
The Impact of Bare Ice Duration and Geo‐Topographical Factors on the Darkening of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Feng Shunan , Cook Joseph Mitchell , Naegeli Kathrin , Anesio Alexandre Magno , Benning Liane G. , Tranter Martyn 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDark (low albedo) surface ice on the Greenland Ice Sheet enhances melting and subsequent runoff, a major mass loss contributor during the ablation season. The accumulation of both biological (e.g., glacier ice algae) and abiotic (e.g., mineral dust) light‐absorbing particulates are important darkening factors, that are potentially influenced by the duration of snow‐free, bare ice (a phenological factor), and other geo‐topographical factors such as elevation, slope, aspect and the distance from the ice margin. Here, we present the first medium‐resolution (30 m) analysis of the phenological and geo‐topographical controls on the distribution of dark ice in SE and SW Greenland from statistical analysis of data derived from a harmonized satellite albedo product and ArcticDEM. The duration of bare ice primarily controls the distribution of dark surface ice, allowing for algae growth on inland ice surfaces in particular, whereas geo‐topographical factors are only secondary controls.
Buffering Effect of Atmosphere–Ocean Coupling on Intensity Changes of Tropical Cyclones Under a Changing Climate
Authors: Kanada S. , Aiki H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe effect of atmosphere–ocean coupling on intensity changes of tropical cyclones (TCs) under global warming was examined using a regional high‐resolution three‐dimensional atmosphere–ocean coupled model. A storyline event attribution approach was applied to four historical intense TCs in the western North Pacific. The results indicate that atmosphere–ocean coupling buffers TC intensification as global warming progresses. This buffering effect increased as storms traveled northward. Moreover, the effect intensified as warming progressed, because reductions in sea surface temperature induced by the storm increased as the storm strengthened in future warmer climates. The magnitude of the buffering effect depended on the storm's size and translation speed; a large, slow‐moving storm had significant resilience against global warming, whereas a compact, fast‐moving storm was sensitive to global warming. A high‐resolution atmosphere–ocean coupled model is important for more reliable future projections of TC intensity under the changing climate.
Dynamic Mode Decomposition of the Core Surface Flow Inverted From Geomagnetic Field Models
Authors: Li Jinfeng , Lin Yufeng , Zhang Keke 
Published: December 2023

AbstractContinuous satellite measurements of the Earth's magnetic field have advanced the characterization of spatial‐temporal variations of the main field over the past two decades. To comprehend the underlying mechanism responsible for the geomagnetic field variations, we develop a novel core surface flow inversion scheme based on physics‐informed neural networks. The inversion method can account for the secular variation contributed by the interaction between the core flow and undetectable small‐scale magnetic fields. Based on the novel inversion framework, we derive a time‐dependent core surface flow model between 2000 and 2022 from the CHAOS‐7 core field model. The inverted core flow is then analyzed using the dynamic mode decomposition to extract wave‐like fluid motions. By calculating the magnetic secular acceleration contributed by each dynamic mode, we identify that the dynamic modes with period of about 10 and 7 years are responsible for geomagnetic jerks in the Atlantic and Pacific equatorial regions.
Scalar Flux Profiles in the Unstable Atmospheric Surface Layer Under the Influence of Large Eddies: Implications for Eddy Covariance Flux Measurements and the Non‐Closure Problem
Authors: Liu Heping , Liu Cheng , Huang Jianping , Desai Ankur R. , Zhang Qianyu , Ghannam Khaled , Katul Gabriel G. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHow convective boundary‐layer (CBL) processes modify fluxes of sensible (SH) and latent (LH) heat and CO2 (Fc) in the atmospheric surface layer (ASL) remains a recalcitrant problem. Here, large eddy simulations for the CBL show that while SH in the ASL decreases linearly with height regardless of soil moisture conditions, LH and Fc decrease linearly with height over wet soils but increase with height over dry soils. This varying flux divergence/convergence is regulated by changes in asymmetric flux transport between top‐down and bottom‐up processes. Such flux divergence and convergence indicate that turbulent fluxes measured in the ASL underestimate and overestimate the “true” surface interfacial fluxes, respectively. While the non‐closure of the surface energy balance persists across all soil moisture states, it improves over drier soils due to overestimated LH. The non‐closure does not imply that Fc is always underestimated; Fc can be overestimated over dry soils despite the non‐closure issue.
A New Physical Mechanism of Rainfall Facilitation to New Particle Formation
Authors: Zhao Suping , Yu Ye , He Jianjun , Dong Longxiang , Qi Shaofeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNewly formed particles and their growth contribute significantly to cloud condensation nuclei. However, the effect of rain on new particle formation (NPF) is poorly understood. Rainfall removes the pre‐existing large particles by below‐cloud scavenging to reduce condensation and coagulation sinks by 4.0 × 10−2 and 1.5 × 10−4 s−1. The scavenging effect largely depends on the amount and duration of rain and the surface area concentration of the raindrops. NPF events can be facilitated by a combination of fewer condensation sinks and favorable meteorological conditions, contributing 3%–47% of PM2.5 (particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm). The physical mechanism was confirmed by theoretical analysis. The results help elucidate the NPF process from a physical perspective, which can improve the prediction of the occurrence and duration of haze events. Until precursors are reduced, significant reductions in particulate matter (PM) may be difficult because NPF and its growth recharge the atmosphere with PM.
Differential Uplift Triggered Basin‐And‐Range System: Evidence From Low‐Temperature Thermochronology in Eastern NE Asia
Authors: Zhou Jianping , Li Sanzhong , Liu Yongjiang , Liu Boran , Li Weimin , Wang Guangzeng , Jiang Liwei , Zhou Tong , Li Zunting , Feng Zhiqiang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSince the Mesozoic, eastern NE Asia has experienced multiple tectonic events, resulting in a complex structure and forming one of the world's largest Meso‐Cenozoic lacustrine basin systems. Presently, basin evolution models require further elucidation regarding the simultaneous generation of diverse rift basins and the potential impact stemming from the closure of the Mudanjiang Ocean, whose oceanic closure demarcated the boundary between the Songliao Basin and the eastern basins, raises questions about its influence on the development of the basin‐and‐range system. To address these questions, we augment new low‐temperature thermochronological data on basement highs separating the eastern NE Asia basins to investigate the shallow‐deep coupling process of tectonic evolution since the Mesozoic. The new cooling age pattern shows non‐overlapping and spatial differences among major basement highs. Inverse thermal modeling revealed five‐stage cooling episodes among the basement highs, but with different onset and cooling rates of each episode, indicating a significant differential uplift mode. A major reburial stage was identified throughout eastern NE Asia during the mid‐Cretaceous. Compiling cooling age patterns and inverse thermal modeling, we note the existence of a proto‐basin covering an area much larger than the previously contemplated “Pan‐Sanjiang” Basin. In general, our study indicates the final closure of the Mudanjiang Ocean occurred at ca. 150–140 Ma. Since the Early Cretaceous, with changes in the subduction direction, two‐stage flat slab subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific plate and the consequent subduction of the Pacific plate co‐dominated the basements' differential uplift and the formation of the eastern NE Asia basin‐and‐range framework.
Real‐time implementation for vulnerability of power components under switching attack based on sliding mode
Authors: Yadav Seema , Kishor Nand , Purwar Shubhi , Chakrabarti Saikat , Raussi Petra , Kumar Avinash 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn recent years, cyber security‐related studies in the power grid have drawn wide attention, with much focus on its detection, mainly for data injection type of attacks. The vulnerability of power components as a result of attack and their impact on generator dynamics have been largely ignored so far. With the aim of addressing some of these issues, the authors propose a novel approach using real‐time sliding surface‐based switching attack (SA) construction. This approach targets the circuit breaker, excitation system, and governor system of the generator. The vulnerability of these power components to cyber‐physical attacks and assessment of their potential impact on the stability of generator are discussed. The study is presented to show the progression of cascading generator dynamics on account of single or multiple time instants of SA launched on these power components. The results are discussed according to criteria in terms of deviations in rotor speed of the generator and identify some of possible combinations of power components that are most critical to grid stability. The proposed study is implemented on standard IEEE 3‐machine, 9‐bus network in real‐time digital simulator via transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) communication network established as cyber‐physical system. The sliding surface‐based SA algorithm developed in MATLAB is launched from another computer.
A modified approach for efficient cogging torque suppression in a flux switching permanent magnet generator used in micro‐scale wind turbines
Authors: Darjazini Amir , Vahedi Abolfazl , Gharehseyed Saber , Nobahari Amin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn recent years, Flux Switching Permanent Magnet (FSPM) machines have attracted notable attention in direct drive, low speed, and high torque density applications such as wind turbines. However, their relatively high cogging torque has been identified as a significant challenge for such applications primarily because of its effects on both starting and running performance of the wind turbines. The authors, therefore, aim to present a modified approach that can improve the cogging torque issue and eliminate the weaknesses of the previously introduced designs. To reach this goal, first, an operating point is chosen for the studied machine regarding the available small‐scale turbines in the market. Then, the potential benefits of combining different cogging torque reduction schemes are investigated thorough the proposed method. This is intended to be done on the rotor teeth without imposing any complications or extra costs. The results show that a simultaneous improvement in the cogging torque and the energy conversion capability of the machine could be achieved through this cost‐effective approach. To end with, the sensitivity of the best cases to the expected manufacturing tolerances is investigated. All analyses are performed via two‐dimensional finite‐element (2D‐FE) models, the accuracy of which has been pre‐certified through experimental measurement.
Precision Alkynylation of 1,3-Bis(Boronates) by Utilizing Distinct Organometallic Reagents for Regioselective Synthesis
Authors: Chen Ang , Ji Chong-Lei , Gao De-Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe selective functionalization of 1,3-bis(boronic) esters holds the potential for creating diverse molecular structures, particularly through the late-stage functionalization of the remaining C–B bond. By employing distinct organometallic reagents, we have developed a method for regiodivergent alkynylation of 1,3-bis(boronic) esters, facilitated by unique chelation patterns. Notably, this methodology effectively overcomes limitations commonly encountered in radical chemistry, which generates only monoselective downstream targets. Furthermore, the compounds synthesized through this approach can serve as significant building blocks, contributing to the construction of molecular complexity.
Evaluation of Self-Perceived Confidence and Competence in Oral Surgery among Final Year Undergraduate Students in Greece
Authors: Panagiotidou Eliza , Lillis Theodoros , Fotopoulos Ioannis , Kalyvas Demos , Dabarakis Nikolaos 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives Oral surgery is an integral part of dentistry that deals with the diagnosis and management of pathology of the mouth and jaws that requires surgical intervention. The aim of undergraduate studies in oral surgery is, upon graduation, to be confident and competent to treat without assistance surgical cases in the spectrum of general dentistry. This study evaluates the senior Greek dental students' self-confidence and self-perceived competence to undertake cases within the scope of oral surgery. Evaluation of clinical experience gathered during training and self-perceived confidence and competence in generic oral surgery skills is included.
Materials and Methods The present study was a questionnaire survey conducted during the academic year 2018–2019. The questionnaire comprised three sections. Section 1 included demographic data and four closed-ended questions concerning numerical data about procedures that they had already performed or observed, section 2 included four questions concerning their self-perceived competence to perform basic surgical techniques, and section 3 included 10 clinical case scenarios.
Results One hundred and twenty-seven students participated in the study. Among the basic surgical skills, students were most confident with suturing, and they were least confident with bone removal. Students from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH) tend to show higher level of confidence compared with students from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA) in most questions.
Conclusion Greek graduate dental students report moderate levels of self-confidence in oral surgery. A realistic approach in increasing self-confidence and competence in oral surgery would be the focus on preclinical training in generic elementary surgical skills, in combination with increased observational sessions of oral surgery procedures or outreach training.
Shear Bond Strength of Simulated Single-Retainer Resin-Bonded Bridges Made of Four CAD/CAM Materials for Maxillary Lateral Incisor Agenesis Rehabilitation
Authors: Calheiros-Lobo Maria João , Calheiros-Lobo João Mário , Carbas Ricardo , da Silva Lucas F. M. , Pinho Teresa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis (MLIA), treated orthodontically by space opening, requires complimentary aesthetic rehabilitation. Resin-bonded bridges (RBBs) can be equated as interim rehabilitation until skeletal maturity is achieved to place an implant-supported crown or as definitive rehabilitation in case of financial restrictions or implant contraindications. Scientific evidence of the best material must be confirmed in specific clinical situations. Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials are promising versatile restorative options. This study aimed to identify a straightforward material to deliver interim or definitive RBBs for nonprepared tooth replacement in MLIA.
Materials and Methods Single-retainer RBB made from CAD/CAM ceramic blocks (Vita Enamic [ENA], Suprinity [SUP], and zirconia [Y-ZPT]) and a three-dimensional (3D) printed material (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene [ABS]) were evaluated by shear bond strength (SBS) and mode of failure, after adherence to an artificial tooth with RelyX Ultimate used in a three-step adhesive strategy.
Statistical Analysis The load to fracture (N) was recorded, and the mean shear stress (MPa) was calculated with standard deviations (SD) for each group and compared between materials using boxplot graphics. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey–Kramer post hoc test was used to compare the differences (α = 0.05). A meta-analysis focusing on CAD/CAM materials evaluated the magnitude of the difference between groups based on differences in means and effect sizes (α = 0.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]; Z-value = 1.96). Failure mode was determined by microscopic observation and correlated with the maximum load to fracture of the specimen.
Results The mean ± SD SBS values were ENA (24.24 ± 9.05 MPa) < ABS (24.01 ± 1.94 MPa) < SUP (29.17 ± 4.78 MPa) < Y-ZPT (37.43 ± 12.20 MPa). The failure modes were mainly adhesive for Y-ZPT, cohesive for SUP and ENA, and cohesive with plastic deformation for ABS.
Conclusion Vita Enamic, Suprinity, Y-ZPT zirconia, and 3D-printed ABS RBBs are optional materials for rehabilitating MLIA. The option for each material is conditioned to estimate the time of use and necessity of removal for orthodontic or surgical techniques.
Homeopathic Medicines in Third (Omicron) Wave of COVID-19: Prognostic Factor Research
Authors: Manchanda Raj Kumar , Miglani Anjali , Kalsi Amrit , Brahmachari Smita , Rama Kamsali Nadigadda , Goel Pawan , Kaushik Pallavi , Jethani Anju , Nagrath Cheshta , Pangtey Nirmal Yadav , Kannoth Jithesh Thavarayil , Sharma Kavita , Arora Shelly , Amitav B. , Roy Pradip Kumar , Kudiyarasu Ram Kumar , Rutten Lex 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background With the emergence of new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, such as the Omicron variant, during the third wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there was a need to identify useful homeopathic medicines. This study aimed to identify such medicines and their indications using prognostic factor research (PFR).
Methods This was an open-label, multi-centred observational study conducted in January 2022, on confirmed COVID-19 cases. The data were collected from integrated COVID Care Centres in Delhi, India, where homeopathic medicines were prescribed along with conventional treatment. Only those cases that met a set of selection criteria were considered for analysis. The likelihood ratio (LR) was calculated for the frequently occurring symptoms of the frequently prescribed medicines. An LR of 1.3 or greater was considered meaningful.
Results Out of the 362 COVID-19 cases, 263 cases were selected for analysis after applying selection criteria. Common symptoms included fatigue, cough, sore throat, myalgia and headache. Twenty-one medicines were prescribed, of which nine medicines – Gelsemium sempervirens, Bryonia alba, Hepar sulphuris, Rhus toxicodendron, Pulsatilla nigricans, Arsenicum album, Belladonna, Nux vomica and Phosphorus – were frequently used. By calculating LRs, the study identified meaningful indications for these medicines.
Conclusion Homeopathic medicines have shown promising results in the third wave of COVID-19 as an adjunct therapy. The medicines that were used in the first and second waves were found useful in the third wave also, and their indications were analogous to those found in the earlier waves. Certain new indications of some medicines were elicited in this wave, which warrant further research. However, it is important not to restrict to these medicines only and to continue data collection on COVID-19 in future waves for the improvement of the COVID-19 mini-repertory.