bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MATERNAL, FETAL AND AMNIOTIC FLUID ACTH, CORTISOL AND PROLACTIN IN ASSOCIATION WITH MEDICAL BETA‐ADRENERGIC STIMULATION
Authors: Kauppila A. , Jouppila R. , Moilanen K. , Pakarinen A. , Tuimala R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn view of observations indicating accelerated fetal pulmonary maturation after tocolytic therapy with beta‐adrenergic agonists, this study was undertaken to determine whether the phenomenon is related to enhanced maternal or fetal ACTH, cortisol or prolactin secretion. The concentrations of ACTH, cortisol and prolactin in maternal venous blood, umbilical arterial and venous blood, and amniotic fluid were similar after short‐term maternal intravenous infusion of isoxsuprine, fenoterol or isotonic saline, and they did not increase in the maternal venous blood during these treatments or during long‐term treatment with intravenous ritodrine. These results suggest that the accelerated fetal pulmonary maturation induced by beta‐adrenergic stimulation is not mediated by ACTH, cortisol or prolactin.
THE EFFECT OF PROGESTERONE, OESTROGENS AND HYDROCORTISONE ON THE MITOGENIC RESPONSE OF LYMPHOCYTES TO PHYTOHAEMAGGLUTININ IN PREGNANT AND NON‐PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Skinnider L. F. , Laxdal V. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe mitogenic response to phytohaemagglutinin of lymphocytes from women in the third trimester of pregnancy is not inhibited by progesterone, oestriol or oestradiol even at much greater than normal physiological levels. There was no difference in the response of lymphocytes from pregnant or non‐pregnant women. Inhibition in the mitogenic response to phytohaemagglutinin was achieved with hydrocortisone but not at the physiological levels found in pregnancy. The results from this in vitro study would not support the view that the level of steroid hormones in pregnancy significantly affects the immunological status of the mothers.
THROMBOCYTOPENIA AND MACROTHROMBOCYTOSIS IN GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Giles C. , Inglis T. C. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe platelet count in 550 patients with gestational hypertension was significantly lower and the mean platelet volume significantly higher than in normal pregnant women. Both the platelet count and volume became increasingly abnormal when hypertension was accompanied by oedema, proteinuria or both, and women with severe pre‐eclampsia or eclampsia had the lowest platelet counts and the highest mean platelet volume. The proportion of patients with thrombocytopenia and/or macrothrombocytosis also varied with the severity of the clinical presentation. Fibrinogen degradation products were found mainly in fully developed preeclampsia. These findings confirm the concept of a rapid platelet turnover caused by low‐grade disseminated intravascular coagulation in gestational hypertension. The platelet pattern in essential hypertension is similar to that seen in normal pregnancy.
PRIMARY CARCINOMA OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBE
Authors: Raju Kankipati S. , Barker G. H. , Wiltshaw Eve 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwenty‐two patients with primary carcinoma of the Fallopian tube treated at the Royal Marsden Hospital are reported. The age distribution, parity and variety of presentation of the disease were in accordance with previous reports in the literature. Overall survival at 5 years was 48% and the place of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in its management remains to be established.
RADICAL SURGERY IN STAGE I CARCINOMA OF THE CORPUS UTERI
Authors: Iversen T. , Holter J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThirty‐four patients with stage I adenocarcinoma of the corpus uteri were selected for radical hysterectomy combined with bilateral transperitoneal pelvic lymphadenectomy and followed 8 to 15 years. Metastases to the pelvic lymph nodes were diagnosed in 18%. Invasion of tumour in lymph or blood vessels was found in 17 patients, and five of these patients had lymph node metastases whereas this was true in only one out of 17 patients without demonstrable vessel invasion. The 5‐year crude survival was 80% with 15% urinary tract complications.
FETAL BLOOD VELOCITY WAVEFORMS IN UNCOMPLICATED LABOUR
Authors: Stuart B. , Drumm J. , Fitzgerald D. E. , Duignan N. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA combination of pulsed echo and continuous wave Doppler ultrasound was used to obtain blood flow velocity signals from the umbilical arteries of 10 patients during uncomplicated spontaneous labour. Audio frequency analysis of these signals yielded fetal blood velocity waveforms. Analysis of these waveforms demonstrated that placental vascular resistance to feto‐placental blood flow is not altered by uterine contractions, artificial rupture of the membranes, the infusion of oxytocin nor the administration of analgesia during uncomplicated labour.
MATERNAL SEXUALITY DURING FIRST PREGNANCY AND AFTER CHILDBIRTH
Authors: Robson Kay Mordecai , Brant H. A. , Kumar R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryInformation about sexual activity, enjoyment and libido was obtained at intervals from 119 primiparous women during a longitudinal survey of maternal emotional health in pregnancy and for a year after delivery. Most subjects described some reduction in the frequency of sexual intercourse and a diminution of libido and sexual enjoyment during pregnancy; this was most marked in the third trimester. After delivery, about a third of subjects had resumed intercourse by six weeks and nearly everyone had done so by three months. Nevertheless, 77 % and 57 % of the women were having intercourse less often at three and 12 months after delivery respectively, in comparison with the month before they became pregnant. Selected variables were examined for relationships with a low, or reduced frequency of intercourse and with a lack of enjoyment. Significant associations were found with aspects of maternal personality and childhood relationships, marital conflict, maternal depression, previous miscarriages, difficulties in conceiving and fears of harming the fetus. Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, the mode of delivery and related obstetric and medical variables, breast‐feeding and characteristics of the baby, did not appear to significantly influence maternal sexuality.
THE EFFECT OF AGE AND GRAVIDITY ON MENSTRUATION
Authors: Chamberlain Geoffrey , Roman Eve , Pharoah Peter , Alberman Eva , Osborn John 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn analysis of reported menstrual cycles of 1615 women doctors has shown that the duration of menstrual bleeding was not associated with increasing age but the total length of cycle decreased. Hence that part of cycle free from menstruation decreased with increasing age. There was no apparent association between gravidity and total cycle length.
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF THE ENDOMETRIAL CELL SURFACE IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN RECEIVING OESTROGEN THERAPY
Authors: Thom Margaret H. , Davies K. J. , Senkus R. J. , Allen J. M. , Studd J. W. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe surface ultrastructure of normal and abnormal endometrial cells from patients receiving oestrogen therapy for the climacteric syndrome was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Patients with endometrial pathology were treated with oral progestogens. Excessive oestrogen stimulation caused proliferation of cilia and microvilli. Cystic hyperplasia was characterised by a proliferation of cilia until they covered more than one‐third of the surface area of the endometrium; further proliferation occurred in cases of adenomatous hyperplasia when the surface was almost completely covered with cilia. Cell morphology remained apparently normal until atypical hyperplasia, when occasional cells appeared large and irregular, or adenocarcinoma occurred, when the surface cells appeared large, pleomorphic and sometimes wrinkled, being mostly devoid of cilia. Although cystic hyperplasia was converted to a normal histological picture of atrophic or pseudo‐decidual endometrium by courses of progestogen, the deciliated endometrial cells showed persisting abnormal ultrastructural characteristics.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES DURING THE MENOPAUSAL HOT FLUSH
Authors: Ginsburg Jean , Swinhoe June , O'Reilly Barbara 
Published: August 2005

SummaryCirculatory responses during spontaneous and stress induced menopausal flushes were measured by a plethysmographic technique. With the onset of symptoms there was an immediate and marked increase in hand blood flow which was sustained over three to four minutes and then fell to control levels over a further three minutes. Forearm and calf flow increased simultaneously though to a lesser extent and regained control levels within four‐and‐a‐half minutes from the onset of symptoms. Mean pulse rate also increased during the flush but fell to control values at a time when limb flow was still elevated. There was no significant change in blood pressure during or after the flush. The peripheral circulatory changes are attributed to altered autonomic activity and may in part reflect a disturbance of thermoregulatory control in the menopause of which the flush is but one manifestation.
TERMINATION OF MIDTRIMESTER MISSED ABORTION BY EXTRAOVULAR INSTILLATION OF NORMAL SALINE
Authors: Abramovici H. , Rofé A. , Atad J. , Lewin A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAbortion was successfully induced in 36 patients with midtrimester missed abortion by instillation of normal saline solution into the extraovular space. This technique avoids the risks of amniocentesis and the unwanted side effects of methods using prostaglandins, oxytocin or hypertonic saline. The possible mechanism of abortion by using the extraovular instillation of normal saline is discussed.
ACTINOMYCES‐LIKE STRUCTURES AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES, PELVIC INFECTION AND ABNORMAL CERVICAL CYTOLOGY
Authors: Sykes Gary S. , Shelley Glenys 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA total of 1919 cervical cytology smears from South Glamorgan family planning clinic patients were studied and actinomyces‐like structures were identified in 38. All 38 were from women reported as having an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) and they represent 25 per cent of the 147 women in the whole study who were reported as having an IUCD. There was no evidence of pelvic infection or significant increase in gynaecological problems amongst these 38 women, but there was a significant increase in atypical and dyskaryotic cells in the cervical smears.
THE MANAGEMENT OF CHORIOCARCINOMA CAUSING SEVERE THYROTOXICOSIS
Authors: Soutter W. P. , Norman R. , Green‐Thompson R. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwo patients with metastatic choriocarcinoma complicated by severe thyrotoxicosis, leading to cardiac failure in one instance and thyroid crisis in the other, are described. The successful treatment of these complications is detailed, and routine prophylaxis for high risk patients, using propylthiouracil, oral iodide, propranolol and urgent, aggressive chemotherapy, is recommended.
GONADAL DYSGENESIS AND X CHROMOSOME DELETION
Authors: Dewhurst John 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThree cases of gonadal dysgenesis associated with deletion of the long arm of the X chromosome and one associated with an isochromosome for the long arm are here described. Their features support the proposition that genes concerned with ovarian differentiation are located in the region of the centromere. The long arm of the X chromosome may, nonetheless, contain some statural determinants whilst loss of all the short arm material may occasionally be associated with normal stature.
Pregnancy‐induced hypertension in twin pregnancy
Authors: McMULLAN P. F. , NORMAN R. J. , MARIVATE M. 
Published: August 2005

summaryA prospective study of 54 primigravid twin pregnancies in Durban showed that pregnancy‐induced hypertension occurred in 37%. This was more than twice the expected rate for singleton pregnancies in this Black African population. The babies born in the group of patients with pregnancy‐induced hypertension were significantly lighter and had a higher rate of fetal growth retardation than the babies born in a normotensive control group of patients matched for age and parity. Monozygotic twins, identified by HLA typing, occurred significantly more often in the group with pregnancy‐induced hypertension than in the control group. A possible immunological explanation for this finding is presented.
Effect of bromocriptine on menstrual cycle length
Authors: SMITH STEPHEN K. , SOBOWALE OLADELE , LENTON ELIZABETH A. , COOKE IAN D. 
Published: August 2005

summaryForty‐seven women with regular ovulatory menstrual cycles and normal plasma prolactin levels were treated with different doses of bromocriptine, and changes in follicular and luteal phase length determined by daily estimation of plasma gonadotrophin concentration. Follicular phase length was highly significantly reduced from a median duration of 12.7 days in the basal cycle to 11.7 days in the first treatment cycle, and to 10.7 days during the second treatment cycles. The length of the luteal phase was unaltered by treatment with bromocriptine. Reduction of follicular phase length was not influenced by the dose of bromocriptine used, and it is concluded that this effect is a consequence of the reduction of plasma prolactin concentration.
Imaging ovarian tumours by nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: JOHNSON I. R. , SYMONDS E. M. , WORTHINGTON B. S. , KEAN D. M. , JOHNSON J. , GYNGELL M. , HAWKES R. C. 
Published: August 2005

summaryThe alication of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging to the diagnosis of ovarian tumours has been studied in a group of seven patients with ovarian masses and several healthy unteers who provided examples of normal pelvic anatomy. In three patients, benign unilocular ovarian cysts were demonstrated and in three patients, recurrent ovarian tumours were identified and the extent of the tumours defined. One patient with bilaterial ovarian endometriomas was imaged. Endometrial cysts, like masses in other systems which contain blood or lipid‐rich material, show high‐density images whereas malignant tumours show tissue densities closer to those of normal tissues. The potential value of this technique in the assessment of pelvic disease is discussed.
The presence of RNA complementary to HSV‐2 (herpes simplex virus) DNA in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia after laser therapy
Authors: EGLIN R. P. , KITCHENER H. C. , MacLEAN A. B. , DENHOLM R. B. , CORDINER J. W. , SHARP F. 
Published: August 2005

summaryIn‐situ hybridization of radiolabelled DNA probes to tissue sections detected RNA complementary to HSV‐2 (herpes simplex virus) DNA in 65% (22 of 34) biopsies from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and in none of internally paired benign epithelia from individuals before treatment by laser vaporization cone. Laser therapy did not produce an increase in clinical or subclinical HSV infections of the cervix. Of 18 patients with RNA complementary to HSV‐2 DNA in CIN biopsies before treatment, in whom treatment was successful, virus transcripts were detected at follow‐up in only two of them.
Blood rheology in pre‐eclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation: effects of blood pressure reduction with labetalol
Authors: LANG G. D. , LOWE G. D. O. , WALKER J. J. , FORBES C. D. , PRENTICE C. R. M. , CALDER A. A. 
Published: August 2005

summaryBlood viscosity (Contraves L S 30) and its determinants were measured in 23 patients with mild/moderate pre‐eclampsia, 10 patients with intrauterine growth retardation and 22 control subjects, matched for age and gestation. Both abnormal groups had a significantly increased blood viscosity at high shear rate (94 s‐1) associated with increased haematocrit. Fibrinogen levels were also increased, but there were no significant differences between groups in plasma viscosity, low shear viscosity (0.94s‐1) or red cell deformability, measured by a low‐shear washed cell system of filtration through 5‐μm pore diameter Nuclepore filters. In the pre‐eclamptic group, measurements were repeated after 1–2 weeks in nine patients treated with labetalol (a combined alpha and beta adrenergic blocker) and in 10 patients treated with bed rest. Labetalol reduced blood pressure but no change in rheology was seen in either group. Control of blood pressure by labetalol does not adversely affect rheology, in contrast to diuretics which are known to cause haemoconcentration and increased blood viscosity.
Pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PA‐A) in non‐pregnant subjects
Authors: BERSINGER N. , KLOER A. 
Published: August 2005

summaryA newly developed enzyme immunoassay technique was alied to the measurement of pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PA‐A) in the serum of women in the proliferative and luteal phases of the cycle, in hysterectomized and postmenopausal women and in the serum and seminal plasma of males. PA‐A was detected in some individuals in all the categories of women and in seminal plasma but not in male serum. It is surmised that there must be a source of PA‐A other than the placenta and that PA‐A may be a maternal protein whose biosynthesis is stimulated by pregnancy rather than a product peculiar to the trophoblast.
Steroid receptors and response of ovarian cancer to cytostatic drugs in vitro
Authors: GRÖNROOS M. , KANGAS L. , MÄENPÄÄ J. , VANHARANTA R. , PAUL R. 
Published: August 2005

summarySamples of 21 ovarian cancers were assayed for oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) content, and the response in vitro to treatment with a combination of doxorubicin, diacetyldian‐hydrogalactitol and cisplatin was determined. The number of living cells after drug exposure was estimated by a new ATP‐bioluminescence method and the tumours were considered responsive if cell survival was 50% of the value in a corresponding control culture. Of the 16 tumours that responded to drug exposure, nine were ER‐positive, seven ER‐negative and eight were PR‐positive, eight PR‐negative. The mean percentages of surviving cells ranged from 22.2% in PR‐negative tumours to 30.9% in PR‐positive tumours. There were no differences in the response rates or in the degree of response to the cytostatics in terms of either receptor status or tumour histology. The results were also compared with those obtained in the same tumour samples exposed to hormones, tamoxifen and medroxyprogesterone acetate. The average response of all tumours was better to cytostatics than to hormones (P<0.05); this was particularly marked in the ER‐negative tumours. Cytostatics may be preferable to hormones as the primary drug treatment for ovarian cancers but steroid‐receptor determinations aear not to help in formulating the optimum drug treatment.
Analysis of fetal heart rate on‐line at 32 weeks gestation
Authors: LAWSON G. W. , DAWES G. S. , REDMAN C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAntenatal fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns were screened in 634 women with singleton pregnancies at 32 weeks gestation using a microprocessor on‐line. The duration of the record was adjusted according to its character, varying from 10 min with high FHR variation (39% of records) to 45 min with low variation (4.7%). The average duration was 16.7 min. Of the 30 fetuses with the lowest FHR variation (<5th centile), 19 (63%) had a normal outcome. Of the 11 with an abnormal outcome five were born 38 weeks; six were born by caesarean section at 32–34 weeks, resulting in an increased incidence in the group. Analysis of the numbers of accelerations, of decelerations, of episodes of high FHR variation or of fetal movements did not improve long‐term prediction. It was concluded first, that antenatal FHR monitoring for up to 45 min at 32 weeks gestation had no long‐term predictive value; and second, that 3% of our obstetric population have unreactive FHR traces at this age, with a normal outcome. This does not imply that consecutive antenatal records on the same high‐risk patient at short intervals are not valuable clinically.
The transfer of cephradine across the placenta
Authors: LANGE I. R. , RODECK C. , COSGROVE R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe transfer of maternally administered cephradine (1 g given intravenously) to the fetal circulation and amniotic fluid was investigated in 2 pregnant patients undergoing fetoscopy. Cephradine was detected in fetal serum between 23 and 72 minutes after injection and was present in therapeutic concentrations. Fetal serum levels appeared to peak at approximately 40–50 min. Amniotic fluid levels were rising during the sampling period of 97 min. Cephradine is transferred across the placenta and appears to be a suitable antibiotic for use in selected obstetric patients when penetration of the fetal compartment is desirable.
Antimicrobial activity of amniotic fluid in South Indian women
Authors: MATHAI MATTHEWS , JAIRAJ PRABHA , THANGAVELU C. P. , MATHAI ELIZABETH , BALASUBRAMANIAM N. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySamples of amniotic fluid obtained from 48 South Indian women in the third trimester of pregnancy were studied for antimicrobial activity. The growth of Staphylococcus albus, Candida albicans and Clostridium perfringens was inhibited by nearly all samples studied while the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis was inhibited by 50%, 42% and 18% of samples respectively. The growth of Streptococcus faecalis was not inhibited. Using radial immunodiffusion, IgG was measurable in all 10 samples studied (mean 23 mg/dl), whereas IgA was measurable in only three of these samples (mean 1.32 mg/dl). However, while specific IgA against C. albicans was detected by indirect immunofluorescence in 93% of samples, specific IgG against C. albicans was detected in only 26% of samples (P<0.001). Amniotic fluid obtained from parous women had greater inhibitory activity against E. coli (P<0.05) than did the amniotic fluid obtained from nulliparae.
The congenital cervicovaginal transformation zone in sexually active young women
Authors: McDONNELL J. M. , EMENS J. M. , JORDAN J. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA total of 110 sexually active teenage girls was screened cytologically and colposcopically; 71 of them had areas of aceto‐white epithelium within the cervicovaginal transformation zone. Of these 54 had long‐term follow‐up and over a mean period of 36 months the aceto‐white epithelium was observed to disappear in 26. In the remaining 28 girls aceto‐white areas persisted largely unchanged over the period of follow‐up. The characteristics of these persistent aceto‐white areas are documented and suggestions with regard to their origins and significance are made.
Benign cervicovaginal deformities in young women not exposed to diethylstilboestrol
Authors: McDONNELL J. M. , JORDAN J. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryDuring a 2‐year period six women have been identified with benign cervicovaginal deformities of the type normally associated with diethylstilboestrol (DES) exposure in utero. In none of them could such a hormonal history be identified. It is suggested, in view of these findings, that benign cervicovaginal deformities are not unique to women exposed to DES in utero and some possible reasons why they have never previously been reported are presented.
The efficacy of graduated compression stockings in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis after major gynaecological surgery
Authors: TURNER GILLIAN M. , COLE SUSAN E. , BROOKS JONATHAN H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe efficacy of graduated compression stockings in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after major gynaecological surgery was investigated in a controlled randomized prospective trial in 196 patients who were >35 years of age. The stockings were worn by 104 of the 196 patients throughout their stay in hospital, the other 92 patients did not wear the stockings (control group). All the patients were scanned for DVT postoperatively with the 125I‐labelled fibrinogen test. None of the 104 patients who wore the stockings developed a thromboembolism, but four of the 92 control patients who did not wear the stockings had DVT. This difference between the two groups was statistically significant.