bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental Health Impacts
Authors: Doherty Thomas J. , Lykins Amy D. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Mental health impacts of climate change include direct impacts, vicarious impacts, and indirect psychosocial impacts. Direct impacts of climate change on mental health include stress disorders, anxiety and worry, depression and grief (including ecological grief), and adjustment disorders. Vicarious impacts of climate change include intense emotions associated with unprecedented environmental and social changes and uncertainty about the future. Indirect psychosocial impacts include substance abuse, violent behavior, and suicide. Measures for prevention should focus on addressing risk factors for psychological disorders, preparedness and response to climate-related disasters, and helping people cope with the vicarious impacts of climate change. The chapter also includes textboxes on the mental health impacts of wildfires in Alaska and Australia.
Transportation Policy
Authors: Zyla Kathryn A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter identifies policies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to vehicle technology, fuel content, and vehicle miles traveled. A textbox provides epidemiological evidence of the health co-benefits of active transportation. To significantly reduce energy use and emissions from the transportation sector, all levels of government have important roles to play. There are many and varied opportunities to make these reductions while achieving other societal and health goals. There are also many benefits to reducing energy use and emissions, such as improved air quality, fewer temperature and weather extremes, and health co-benefits from alternative transportation modes, such as bicycling and walking. Measures to reduce GHG emissions and other air pollutants from heavy-duty on-road traffic can reduce disparities concerning exposure to air pollutants and related adverse health effects. Offering transportation alternatives can promote stronger, more sustainable, and more resilient communities.
Among Women
Authors: Stratton Hild Elaine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 turns to the women of Aldgate, a Franciscan community just outside the medieval walls of London. A deathbed liturgy from the community is preserved in the fifteenth-century manuscript Reigate (Surrey), Parish Church of St Mary Magdalene, Cranston Library, Ms. 2322. This chapter includes editions of the ritual’s notated chants and details the small but significant changes made to the deathbed liturgy promulgated by the Franciscan Order—changes that allowed the women of Aldgate to conduct the liturgy by themselves, without the presence of a friar or priest. Analyses of the ritual’s chants reveal the functions of music: emphasizing and drawing connections among vivid textual images, embellishing depictions of the afterlife with distinctive soundscapes, and guiding the community through the process of taking leave of a sister.
Prologue
Authors: Saemi Amir 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
There are morally controversial passages in Scripture. A seemingly prescribed evil is an action prescribed by Scripture which is deemed immoral by our independent moral judgments. Some contemporary Islamic scholars deny the existence of any seemingly prescribed evil by using the reinterpretation strategy or the contextualization strategy. The prologue argues that neither of those strategies works: the existence of seemingly prescribed evils cannot be denied. It is such evils that give rise to a new problem of evil, the problem of divinely prescribed evil. This problem is the result of a tension between three theses: the divinity of Scripture, the existence of seemingly prescribed evil, and the reliability of our independent moral judgments. The prologue also provides an overview of the book’s structure and a preliminary historical background for readers unfamiliar with the Islamic tradition.
The Deontological Ethics of the Muʿtazilites
Authors: Saemi Amir 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses ʿAbd al-Jabbār’s ethical theory, which is deontological in nature, as well as his moral epistemology, which is based on intuitive moral knowledge. In his view, while we have intuitive knowledge about pro tanto wrongness judgments, we don’t have intuitive knowledge about actions’ being wrong everything considered. Revelation helps us make judgments about everything-considered wrongness. Based on ʿAbd al-Jabbār’s ideas, the argument for strict adherence can be defended against the objections presented in the previous chapter. ʿAbd al-Jabbār’s moderate skepticism about the power of reason to make everything-considered moral judgments is in line with the skeptical theist’s response to the classical problem of evil.
Slow Carbon and Deep Time
Authors: Kirchman David L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The fast carbon cycle is populated by microbes with lifespans measured in hours, whereas the slow carbon cycle operates over thousands to millions of years. One connection between the two cycles is the calcium carbonate synthesized by the alga coccolithophore, as part of the carbonate pump which sequesters carbon in deep sediments for millions of years. Symbiotic algae help another major producer of calcium carbonate, reef-building corals. Before coccolithophores and corals had evolved, calcium carbonate built up in massive stromatolites during the Precambrian. Fossil stromatolites yield evidence of how and when life first evolved on Earth. Once a rock is exposed to air or water, it is rapidly colonized by microbes, setting in motion forces that end in the rock’s eventual demise. The breakup of carbonate and silicate rocks, or weathering, augmented by microbes, consumes carbon dioxide and regulates global temperatures and Earth’s climate over hundreds to thousands of years.
Natural Gas
Authors: Kirchman David L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A molecule of methane is nearly 30 times more powerful as a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide is. Because of methanogens in ruminants and rice fields, agriculture is a large source of methane, double that coming from fossil fuels, but the recent rise in methane is thought to be due to wetlands and global warming–induced changes in the hydrological cycle. Methane emissions would be even higher if not for degradation by aerobic methanotrophic bacteria and anaerobic microbial symbioses. Methane emissions from the Arctic could increase as global warming continues. One concern is the melting of methane hydrates, which may house five times more methane than what is in known natural gas reserves. Thawing of permafrost in the Arctic now releases more carbon dioxide than methane, but that could change with abrupt thawing. More so than for carbon dioxide, what microbes do is essential for understanding methane and its contribution to climate change.
Laughing Gas
Authors: Kirchman David L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The rise in nitrous oxide, an even more powerful greenhouse gas than methane, is due to nitrogen fertilizer made by the Haber-Bosch process, which has doubled the amount of nitrogen in the global nitrogen cycle. Fertilizer nitrogen is transformed into nitrous oxide by nitrification and denitrification, depending on oxygen levels, while it is degraded only by denitrifying microbes in the absence of oxygen. Nitrous gas is tied to other environmental problems caused by nitrogen pollution, such as harmful algal blooms and oxygen-depleted aquatic habitats, known as dead zones. In the future, nitrous oxide is likely to continue to rise because of higher nitrogen fertilizer use and climate change. In the Arctic, global warming may thaw permafrost and organic matter, releasing the starting nitrogen chemicals that can be transformed into nitrous oxide. Perhaps more so than for carbon dioxide and methane, the future of nitrous oxide is full of unknowns.
Methodological Interlude
Authors: Leite Adam 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers arguments from Duncan Pritchard, James Pryor, Crispin Wright, and Krista Lawlor that might be thought to raise problems for the approach urged in this book. Duncan Pritchard’s recent attempt to motivate a Wittgenstein-inspired “hinge epistemology” does not offer compelling reasons for thinking that we cannot know that the skeptical scenarios—the Evil Demon Hypothesis and the like—do not obtain. Skeptical arguments developed by James Pryor and Crispin Wright can be rejected by the Moorean without making use of or developing any epistemological theory. Objections from Krista Lawlor provide an opportunity to clarify central substantive and methodological features of the approach developed in this book. Closure principle arguments for skepticism are shown not to provide a problem for the approach developed here. The chapter closes with a set of methodological lessons from this encounter with contemporary discussions of skepticism.
The popular wisdom about jokes
Authors: Horisk Claire 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyzes three related claims about derogatory jokes that are found in popular wisdom; sources include newspapers, blogs, and incidents of hostile environment harassment. The first claim is about the nature of derogatory jokes: They are harmless fun. The second and third claims attempt to explain why audiences take offense when someone is “just joking,” i.e., doing something that is supposedly harmless. Racist, sexist, and other derogatory jokes may offend if the joker is someone who does not belong to the derogated group (Wrong Joker), or if they are told to the wrong audience (Wrong Audience). Audiences can be wrong because of their social identity or because they misunderstand the harmless nature of jokes. Thus, jokers generally apologize for causing offense, but not for telling derogatory jokes. The chapter uses Joel Feinberg’s work distinguishing harm and offense to argue that these three claims are consistent with each other.
Humor and hostility
Authors: Horisk Claire 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that joking derogation invites reliance on stereotypes by encouraging System 1 cognitive processing, as opposed to System 2 cognitive processing. In other contexts, good moods have been shown to encourage the use of System 1, and being amused by a joke is one way of being in a good mood. This makes jokes a particularly effective means of derogation. The chapter also explores mechanisms by which derogatory joking may encourage System 1 processing; social conflict and interpreting humor are both thought to increase cognitive load, and critical thinking about the joke is further discouraged by the reward system. The chapter also discusses the relevance of dual-process theory to Robert Stalnaker’s concept of the common ground, arguing that the common ground of a conversation will be less carefully constructed if participants are using System 1.
Laughing at derogatory jokes
Authors: Horisk Claire 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that laughing at a belittling joke welcomes an idea into the common ground. Accepting a proposition into the common ground of a conversation can fall along a scale from grudging to enthusiastic, and the degree of welcome given to a proposition channels the subsequent course of the conversation. Welcoming in general has a moral dimension—one can grudgingly welcome someone who should be welcomed warmly, and enthusiastically welcome someone who should be greeted coolly. Similarly, laughter can be assessed from a moral point of view. Furthermore, others may be more likely to accept the claim conveyed by a joke too, since the actions of a group of one’s peers encourages conformity. Others laughing at a demeaning joke also increases the impact of public humiliation. So, even if we feel amusement at a belittling joke, we should moderate our laughter.
Bird Spirit Guides
Authors: Gardella Peter (Petra) , Krute Laurence 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In Christianity, God incarnates not only in Jesus the human but also in the body of a dove who perches on Jesus and descends to the apostles at Pentecost. Many other humans have felt the Spirit leading them in the forms of birds. For psychologist Carl Jung, a dove spoke in a crucial dream. For author Helen Macdonald, recovery from the death of her father came through a goshawk. Black Elk, the Lakota wise man, received his vision from an eagle, while African American Alice Walker found the spirit in domestic hens. A Sufi Muslim epic poem, The Conference of the Birds, uses the species characteristics of thirty different birds to teach its lessons, and both Hindus and Buddhists have comparable books where birds speak wise teachings.
Making Change in the Networked Public Sphere
Authors: Billard Thomas J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter opens with a description of the National Center for Transgender Equality’s (NCTE) work on the day President Donald J. Trump announced his ban on transgender military service. In doing so, it illustrates in brief the range of communicative activities practiced by NCTE and how they fit together into a coherent set of strategic practices aimed at saturating the communication system with voices in support of transgender equality. Building on this example, the chapter analyzes how the transition to a networked public sphere and related changes in the structure of the contemporary communication system have required social movements to develop new activism strategies. In encapsulating the system-level argument in one extended case, this chapter sets the stage for the rest of the book to unfold by taking apart and deeply analyzing the system’s component pieces.
Welcome to the National Center for Transgender Equality
Authors: Billard Thomas J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyzes three contexts that shaped the National Center for Transgender Equality’s (NCTE) work during the early years of the Trump presidency. First is the temporal context; the early Trump years represented NCTE’s “golden age,” when it was at its largest, most productive, and most influential. Second is the geographic context. NCTE’s location in Washington, DC, impacted what kinds of communicative activities it participated in, what kinds of media it targeted in its activism, and what kinds of issues it chose to engage in. Third is the movement context. The transgender movement is a “hybrid movement”—a movement that identifies with and operates within multiple social movement fields simultaneously and non-exclusively. This hybridity impacted NCTE’s relationships to other LGBT organizations and the communicative work it succeeded at. This chapter addresses each context, offering the novel concept of “media imprinting” to make sense of how these contexts affected NCTE’s strategic activities.
How Mass Media Still Matter
Authors: Billard Thomas J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the organizing logic of the National Center for Transgender Equality’s (NCTE) mass media-focused activism. It explains how mass media strategies fit into NCTE’s broader approach to making change in the networked public sphere. Some activities followed best practices inherited from mass media activists of yore, while others innovated on these strategies to enhance their efficacy in the digital media environment. Still other activities were wholly new, developed to suit the new relationships between mass media and social movements enabled by the chimaeric media system. Ultimately, managing mass media was necessary to ensure that the communication system’s central organ was not circulating messages harmful to the transgender movement into the broader communication system and was instead promoting the flow of pro-transgender messages to the various communicative avenues influenced by mass media. At the same time, managing mass media required managing other domains of the communication system, as well.
Contesting “Re-Sinicization”
Authors: Han Enze 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the promotion of Chinese language education in Southeast Asia, using Thailand as an example to examine how the Chinese government has pushed for an export of China’s soft power. It demonstrates how, through the promotion of its language and culture, the Chinese government aims to propagate its own versions of political history, particularly on issues that relate to the “One China Principle” and others that affect China’s perceived national interests. The chapter discusses how Beijing competes with Taipei in education outreach to the Yunnanese Kuomintang community in Northern Thailand, and contextualizes the phenomenon of “re-Sinicization,” as well as pointing out some of the contestations against the Chinese government’s re-territorialization of the overseas Chinese community in Southeast Asia.
Migration Encounters
Authors: Han Enze 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter addresses the issue of how the mass movement of people from China in recent years has left unintended consequences on host countries and their local communities. Using Thailand as its focus, the chapter situates this mass movement of people within the context of the long history of migration from China to Southeast Asia, while emphasizing the similarities and differences between these different waves of Chinese migration to the region. The chapter specifically discuss three categories of such population movement: tourists, businesses, and students. It then considers the changing perception towards the Chinese in Thailand and explores how to explain such changing perceptions with a view of the Chinese migration history to Southeast Asia.
Piles
Authors: Berg Anne 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chapter 9 details the collapse of the Nazi waste regime and surveys the landscape of piles it left in its wake. Focusing on the last months of the war and the hellscape of Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, this chapter illustrates how the economic logic that had tied together labor and murder became unhinged; even murder became chaotic. Nonetheless, through the rot of death and violence of implosion, Germans held on to ideas about cleanliness and order that had powered the Nazi waste regime, reaffixing the stigma of filth to survivors and displaced persons, reimagining themselves as a nation of rubble-clearers and rebuilders. Cleaning up the mess of war, first forced to and then with self-satisfied conviction, Germans all but erased the evidence that the Nazi regime’s extractivist rationality had recorded in a landscape of piles.
What Is Diversity?
Authors: Hebl Mikki , King Eden 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter begins with a description of a racial discrimination lawsuit filed against the National Football League for allegedly conducting a fake interview of a Black coach after already informally hiring a White one. This example provides a backdrop for specific and detailed definitions of the complex and socially charged concepts of diversity, equity, and inclusion. For the purpose of this book, diversity is defined as the extent to which a group of people includes members that differ in socially meaningful ways from each other at work. Equity is defined as the existence of fair and just practices within organizations so that all members can thrive. Inclusion is defined as the process of ensuring that people from different backgrounds are invited to and appreciated in the workplace. The chapter explores metaphors for thinking about diversity and details the organization of the book.
Organization-Level Discrimination
Authors: Hebl Mikki , King Eden 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers organization policies, procedures, and practices that may discriminate against particular groups of people. These structures are described in terms of barriers to getting jobs, fair compensation, and inequitable promotion opportunities. The processes and procedures that underlie such selection, compensation, and promotion employment decisions reflect forms of organizational biases that undermine or directly contradict efforts to enhance diversity, equity, and inclusion in organizations. This chapter argues that it is important to identify the policies, procedures, and practices throughout the talent management cycle that get in the way of diversity, equity, and inclusion in order to specify strategies for change.
The Attraction–Selection–Attrition Model Applied to Working Together
Authors: Hebl Mikki , King Eden 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes a framework for thinking about organizational diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) strategy and action. The attraction–selection–attrition model specifies the components of the talent management cycle in which DEI efforts may be directed. The chapter argues that it is critical for DEI strategic goals to be reflected in thoughtful approaches for enhancing DEI in terms of increasing employee attraction, enhancing employee selection, and reducing employee attrition. There are many reasons why existing programs do not yield the desired outcomes—beliefs are difficult to change, systemic structures perpetuate the status quo, and other crises can usurp resources. This chapter focuses on two barriers to change that organizational psychologists have identified as being particularly crucial: a lack of support from top-level leaders and the positioning of the program.
Final Reflections on Working Together
Authors: Hebl Mikki , King Eden 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Individuals’ actions can make a difference with regard to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). This chapter urges readers to engage in individual and collective action toward the ideals of DEI. The primary takeaways of the book are reviewed: the realistic, financial, and moral imperatives for DEI; individual and organizational underpinnings of bias; and individual and organizational strategies for addressing bias in attraction, selection, and attrition. Readers are reminded that countless candles can be lit from a single flame and that one person can kindle enormous change.
Ten-o-Three
Authors: Starr Martin P. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter treats the relocation by Wilfred Talbot Smith of his “profess house” of the Ordo Templi Orientis from Winona Blvd in Hollywood to a mansion at 1003 S. Orange Grove Blvd in Pasadena. Jack Parsons begins to live openly with Helen’s teenaged half-sister Sara Northrup, and Helen Parsons begins to be in a relationship with Smith, which pushes Regina Kahl to leave for Texas. More OTO adherents move into 1003 S. Orange Grove and attempt communal living and free love. Domestic conflicts again are communicated to Aleister Crowley by letter; he redoubles his efforts to isolate Smith from the members and remove him from leadership of the OTO. Crowley’s negative assessment of Smith is amplified by Germer, whose hatred of Smith is long-standing. Smith is deposed in favor of John Parsons and leaves for a “magical retirement” on a remote California ranch. Helen Parsons gives birth to Smith’s son Kwen; she follows Smith into retirement.