bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Doppler ultrasonography to evaluate renal arterial blood flow in horses
Authors: Hoffmann K. L. , Wood A. K. W. , Kirby A. C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To obtain Doppler ultrasonographic images of renal arteries in horses and to establish reference range values for systolic and diastolic renal arterial blood flow and resistive indices. Also to determine whether Doppler ultrasonography could be used in horses to detect changes in renal blood flow after IV administration of furosemide.

Animals
11 clinically normal adult horses.

Procedures
Pulsed-wave Doppler examinations were performed on arcuate arteries of 5 sedated horses. Continuous-wave Doppler examinations were performed on pyelorenal arteries in 7 nonsedated horses and were repeated in 6 horses after furosemide administration. Peak-systolic velocity (SV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) were measured and the resistive indices (RI) were calculated.

Results
Using pulse-wave Doppler ultrasonography in sedated horses, arcuate arteries were determined to have a SV of 0.406 ± 0.116 m/s (mean ± SD), EDV of 0.184 ± 0.057 m/s, and Rl of 0.549 ± 0.044. Using continuous-wave Doppler ultrasonography in nonsedated horses, pyelorenal arteries were determined to have SV of 1.047 ± 0.009 m/s, EDV of 0.510 ± 0.006 m/s, and Rl of 0.512 ± 0.004. Doppler waveforms from the arcuate and pyelorenal arteries had a low resistance flow pattern, characterized by a systolic peak followed by a continuous antegrade diastolic flow. After furosemide administration, the pyelorenal arterial velocities increased, but the RI remained unchanged.

Conclusions
Doppler ultrasonography may be used to record renal blood flow in horses and to detect changes following furosemide administration.

Clinical Relevance
Doppler ultrasonographic images may assist in the diagnosis of renal diseases that affect either blood flow or Doppler waveform. (Am J Vet Res 1997;58:697–701)
Modeling study of compensatory head movements in lame horses
Authors: Vorstenbosch M. A. T. M. , Buchner H. H. F. , Savelberg H. H. C. M. , Schamhardt H. C. , Barneveld A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To study the role of head movements in lame horses.

Sample Population
11 Dutch Warmblood horses.

Procedure
A 2-segment 2-dimensional inverse dynamic model of trotting horses was developed: trunk and head/neck segment joined in a neck joint. Model input consisted of averaged segmental inertial properties and averaged kinematic data, taken from 11 horses, trotting on a treadmill (3.5 m/s) in 3 conditions of induced lameness: sound, mildly lame, and moderately lame. Dynamic and static effects were analyzed.

Results
Dynamic effects were found to be considerably larger than static effects. In the moderately lame condition, the maximal neck joint vertical force during the lame stance phase had a 27% decrease, compared with the sound situation. Neck joint sagittal torque and maximal vertical force on the trunk decreased by 31 and 13%, respectively. Load distribution between forelimb and hind limb indicated a relative load shift from the lame forelimb to the diagonal hind limb during the lame stance phase. The sound contralateral forelimb carried a higher load while the ipsilateral hind limb was unloaded.

Conclusion
It could be concluded that asymmetric head movements have a major role in lameness compensation, which can be explained by inertial interaction between trunk and head/neck segment. Static effects, such as caudad shifting of the body center of mass, are of minor importance.

Clinical Relevance
This report clarifies the mechanism of lameness compensation and the method of lameness diagnosis. (Am J Vet Res 1997;58:713–718)
Humoral response of dairy cattle to spirochetes isolated from papillomatous digital dermatitis lesions
Authors: Walker Richard L. , Read Deryck H. , Loretz Kathleen J. , Hird David W. , Berry Steven L. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether a humoral response against spirochetes isolated from papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) lesions is elicited in dairy cattle affected with PDD.

Sample Population
41 cattle with PDD from 8 dairies (study population) and 30 cattle from 2 dairies free of PDD (control population). Additionally evaluated were 32 cattle from a dairy with a past history of PDD but no current disease, and 52 cattle from a dairy with high prevalence of PDD, 25 with and 27 without detectable lesions.

Procedure
ELISA were used to evaluate the humoral response of all cattle to representative isolates from 2 groups of spirochetes of unknown species isolated from PDD lesions. Specificity of the response was evaluated, using immune sera prepared against each of the spirochetes, and by adsorption studies of immune and field sera. The potential for confounding by an antibody response to other spirochetes associated with diseases of cattle was assessed.

Results
The antibody response (specific) to both PDD spirochete groups of cows with PDD was significantly increased, compared with that of cows from PDD-free dairies. There was no association between antibody response to PDD-associated spirochetes and antibody response to other spirochetal diseases of cattle. None of the cattle from the dairy with previous history of PDD but without current disease were classified as test positive by either PDD ELISA. There was a significant (P < 0.01) difference in classification results for both PDD ELISA for cattle with PDD from the dairy with a high herd prevalence of PDD, compared with cattle without detectable disease from the same dairy.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
The humoral response in cattle with PDD lesions was significantly different from that in cattle without detectable lesions, thus providing additional information regarding the potential role of spirochetes isolated from PDD lesions in the etiopathogenesis of PDD. (Am J Vet Res 1997;58:744–748)
Relation between serologic response and pathologic findings in sheep with naturally acquired paratuberculosis
Authors: Pérez V. , Tellechea J. , Badiola J. J. , Gutiérrez M. , Marín J. F. García 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the relation between lesions and serologic response in sheep with naturally acquired paratuberculosis and to evaluate the efficacy of agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and ELISA as diagnostic tests.

Animals
134 adult sheep, culled by the owner from flocks with history of severe chronic weight loss.

Procedure
Before euthanasia, blood samples were collected and serum was obtained. AGID and ELISA were performed, using a protoplasmic antigen of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Sensitivity and specificity of these techniques were evaluated, using histopathologic findings as a reference. Histologic studies were carried out focusing on specimens containing intestinal organized lymphoid tissue.

Results
Of the sheep examined, 46.3% had lesions that were classified in 5 categories, according to their location, extension, cellular types, and presence of acid-fast bacilli. Regarding serologic test results, 37.1% of sheep with lesions had a positive AGID result, and all sheep without lesions had negative results. However, ELISA positivity was slightly greater—48.4% of sheep with lesions; however, by use of ELISA, 11.1% of sheep without lesions had positive results.

Conclusion
A close relation between pathologic findings and serologic response was determined, especially between presence of acid-fast bacilli (potentially heavily shedding sheep) in the intestinal lesions and positivity to serologic tests, especially AGID.

Clinical Relevance
On the basis of these results, together with its high specificity, reliability, and the difficulty of fecal specimen culture in sheep, AGID is proposed as a useful tool for seeking evidence of paratuberculosis in live sheep, and therefore, is suggested as the basis for control programs in areas in which the disease is a serious threat to sheep production. (Am J Vet Res 1997;58:799–803)
Serum concentrations of zinc and copper in Bull Terriers with lethal acrodermatitis and tail-chasing behavior
Authors: Uchida Yoshiko , Moon-Fanelli Alice A. , Dodman Nicholas H. , Clegg Michael S. , Keen Carl L. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To establish similarities or differences in tissue concentrations of zinc, copper, and iron in Bull Terriers with lethal acrodermatitis (LAD) and tail-chasing behavior (TCB) and to confirm the suspicion that copper is involved in the etiopathogenesis of LAD.

Samples
Serum samples from 29 Bull Terriers (9 control dogs, 6 dogs with LAD, 14 dogs with TCB), and liver and kidney specimens from 2 dogs and 1 and 4 dogs with LAD or TCB, respectively.

Procedure
Serum, liver, and kidney mineral (zinc, copper, and iron) concentrations in Bull Terriers with LAD or TCB and in a group of control dogs were analyzed, using flame atomic absorption after wet ashing technique.

Results
Serum zinc and copper concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) in dogs with LAD, compared with values for control dogs and dogs with TCB. Liver zinc and copper concentrations were similar to serum values. Kidney zinc and copper concentrations were similar among the 3 groups. Serum, liver, and kidney iron concentrations had a wide range of variability within all 3 groups.

Conclusion
Copper deficiency is associated with LAD. The primary cause of LAD may be copper deficiency, with zinc involved secondarily, or combined zinc and copper deficiencies. The role of ion deficiency in TCB was not clarified.

Clinical Relevance
Serum zinc and copper concentrations should be determined when LAD is suspected. (Am J Vet Res 1997;58:808–810)
Protection of dogs against canine distemper by vaccination with a canarypox virus recombinant expressing canine distemper virus fusion and hemagglutinin glycoproteins
Authors: Pardo M. Camila , Bauman John E. , Mackowiak Marc 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a live canarypox virus recombinant-canine distemper virus (CDV) combination vaccine against virulent CDV challenge exposure, and to document lack of interference among the other modified-live virus (MLV) components.

Animals
33 specific-pathogen-free (SPF) Beagle pups (7 to 10 weeks old).

Procedure
A canarypox virus recombinant-CDV combination vaccine was tested for safety and efficacy along with MLV components (canine adenovirus type 2, canine coronavirus, canine parainfluenza virus, and canine parvovirus) in 26 SPF Beagle pups. The combination vaccine was rehydrated with either Leptospira canicola-L icterohaemorrhagiae combination bacterin (vaccine 1) or sterile diluent (vaccine 2). An additional group of 7 seronegative SPF pups received the control MLV components devoid of the combination vaccine (vaccine 3). Two vaccinations were administered 21 days apart, either IM or SC. The dose of the combination vaccine used to inoculate these pups was 40 times lower than the recommended commercial dose. At 21 days after the booster vaccination, all pups were challenge exposed with a virulent CDV strain, then were observed for 21 days to record morbidity and mortality.

Results
Adverse local or generalized reactions were not induced by vaccinations. All vaccinates seroconverted to CDV. Serum antibody titers to MLV components were not different, with or without inclusion of the combination vaccine. After challenge exposure, morbidity and mortality in vaccinates were 0% (0/26); in control dogs, values were 100% morbidity and 86% mortality (6/7). Brain impression smear slides made from all dogs that did not survive challenge exposure were CDV positive by use of a direct fluorescein isothiocyanate method.

Conclusions
The canarypox virus-CDV combination vaccine, administered SC or IM, is a safe product that elicits CDV seroconversion, does not interfere with other vaccine components, and protects vaccinated pups against virulent CDV challenge exposure. (Am J Vet Res 1997;58:833–836)
Overexpression of p53 tumor suppressor protein in spontaneously arising neoplasms of dogs
Authors: Gamblin Rance M. , Sagartz John E. , Couto C. Guillermo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine prevalence of p53 tumor suppressor protein overexpression in spontaneously arising tumors of dogs, using the CM-1 polyclonal antibody and immunohistochemical methods.

Design and Sample Population
Retrospective analysis was performed on archived, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue from dogs. A total of 226 tumors were evaluated, including tumors of epithelial, mesenchymal, and round cell origins.

Procedure
Overexpression of p53 was detected by indirect immunohistochemical methods, using the CM-1 rabbit anti-human p53 polyclonal primary antibody. Protein overexpression was determined by use of a grading system based on percentage of stained tumor nuclei.

Results
Nuclear overexpression of p53 was detected in most squamous cell carcinomas, nasal ade-nocarcinomas, and perianal gland adenocarcinomas. Hemangiopericytomas, transitional cell carcinomas, mammary adenocarcinomas, apocrine gland adenocarcinomas, intestinal adenocarcinomas, mast cell tumors, and cutaneous histiocytomas had low numbers of nuclei overexpressing p53. Remaining tumor types had intermediate p53 nuclear overexpression. Cytoplasmic staining was observed in some carcinomas, particularly intestinal adenocarcinomas.

Conclusions
Overexpression of p53 is common in spontaneously arising neoplasms of dogs.

Clinical Relevance
Prospective determination of p53 status in some tumor types may be as clinically useful in determining prognosis and predicting survival times for dogs with cancer as it is for human beings with cancer. (Am J Vet Res 1997;58:857–863)
Cardiopulmonary effects of sevoflurane, compared with halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane, in dogs
Authors: Mutoh Tatsushi , Nishimura Ryohei , Kim Hwi-Yool , Matsunaga Satoru , Sasaki Nobuo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate cardiopulmonary effects of sevoflurane (Sevo), compared with halothane (Hal), enflurane (Enf), and isoflurane (Iso).

Animals
24 healthy Beagles, randomly assigned to 4 groups of 6 dogs each.

Procedure
Dogs under spontaneous ventilation were anesthetized with Sevo, Hal, Enf, or Iso. After minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of each anesthetic was determined, anesthesia was maintained at light (1 MAC), moderate surgical (1.5 MAC), and deep (2 MAC), stages and cardiopulmonary variables at conscious state (baseline) and each anesthesia stage were measured.

Results
In dogs of the Sevo group, heart rate increased significantly from the baseline value at all anesthesia stages. Systemic vascular resistance during Sevo anesthesia decreased gradually with increasing anesthesia stage, which was accompanied by dose-dependent decreases in systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial blood pressures. At 1.5 and 2 MAC Sevo, stroke index decreased slightly but significantly from the baseline value; however, cardiac index was unchanged because of the significant increase in heart rate. Respiratory rate decreased significantly at 2 MAC from that at 1 MAC Sevo. Tidal volume and dead space-to-tidal volume ratio were unchanged at all anesthesia stages of Sevo, resulting in significantly decreased expired and alveolar ventilation at 2 MAC, compared with values at 1 and 1.5 MAC Sevo. increased and pHa decreased significantly, depending on anesthesia stage; increased significantly from baseline values, and remained constant because of inhalation of 100% O2.

Conclusion
Cardiovascular effects of Sevo were greater than those of Hal, similar to those of Iso, and less than those of Enf. Respiratory effects of Sevo were similar to those of Iso at all anesthesia stages, greater than those of Hal at 2 MAC, and less than those of Enf at 1.5 and 2 MAC. Up to the moderate surgical anesthesia stage, Sevo can be used safely in dogs undergoing spontaneous ventilation. (Am J Vet Res 1997;58:885–890)
High resolution protein electrophoresis of equine cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Furr Martin , Chickering William R. , Robertson John 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine normal CSF electrophoresis patterns in horses, and to determine whether the electrophoretic scans from horses with cervical compression differ from those of neurologically normal horses.

Animals
32 horses assigned to 1 of 2 groups: neurologically normal (n = 18) or cervical compression (n = 14).

Procedure
CSF was collected from 18 neurologically normal horses referred to the Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, and protein electrophoresis was performed to describe the normal equine CSF electrophoretogram. Results of CSF electrophoresis from 14 horses with cervical compression were then compared with results for the neurologically normal horses.

Results
Horses with cervical compression had decreased β-globulin fraction, and 1 or 2 prominent post-β2 peak(s). When the presence of post-β peaks was used as a diagnostic criterion for cervical compression, the test had sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity of 81.8%, The positive and negative predictive values were 83.3 and 69.2%, respectively.

Conclusion and Clinical Implications
Electrophoresis of CSF may be a useful diagnostic aid in evaluation of horses with neurologic disease. (Am J Vet Res 1997;58:939–941)
Variations in the mechanical properties of cartilage from the canine scapulohumeral joint
Authors: Korvick Donna , Athanasiou Kyriacos 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To measure the intrinsic material properties of scapulohumeral joint cartilage in adult dogs and determine whether regional differences exist within or between the humeral and glenoid cartilages.

Samples
Paired shoulder joints from 7 clinically normal adult dogs.

Procedure
An automated indentation apparatus was used to obtain the intrinsic mechanical properties of the cartilage at 7 sites on each joint surface.

Results
Topographic variations in mechanical properties of the glenoid and humeral cartilages were observed. The largest aggregate modulus (HA) for the humerus was seen at the caudocentral site (0.92 MPa) and for the scapula was seen at the centrocenter site (0.84 MPa). The mean shear modulus (μ) of humeral cartilage (0.23 MPa) was significantly greater than that of the glenoid cartilage (0.19 MPa). The mean Poisson's ratio (ν) of humeral cartilage (0.24) was significantly smaller than that for the glenoid cartilage (0.29). Mean humeral cartilage aggregate modulus (0.71 MPa) was larger than the value for glenoid cartilage (0.67 MPa), but these differences were not significant. There were no significant differences in the compressive stiffness of the opposing cartilage in the canine scapulohumeral joint.

Conclusions
Differences in mechanical properties between opposing humeral and glenoid cartilages are not a cause of cartilage injury in the scapulohumeral joint of adult dogs. The mechanical properties of cartilage from young dogs with open physes and incomplete subchondral bone plates may be different from those of adult dogs. (Am J Vet Res 1997;58:949–953)
Assessment of current techniques for determining tracheal luminal stenosis in dogs
Authors: Huber Michael L. , Henderson Ralph A. , Finn-Bodner Sue , Macintire Douglass K. , Wright James C. , Hankes Gerald H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To assess the accuracy of current antemortem and postmortem techniques for determining tracheal luminal stenosis.

Animals
15 dogs.

Procedure
Percentage of tracheal luminal stenosis (PTLS) was determined by 6 methods, using measurements obtained by radiography, tracheoscopy, and necropsy after selected tracheostomy techniques were performed. To calculate PTLS, dorsoventral tracheal diameter was measured from preoperative and postoperative lateral cervical radiographic views. Preoperative or normal tracheal segments adjacent to the stenotic area were used to obtain normal tracheal diameter measurements. Planimetrically determined cross-sectional area (CSA), obtained from pre- and postoperative tracheoscopic photographs, was used to calculate PTLS. The CSA of tracheal specimens obtained at necropsy was determined, using the formula for an ellipse. Percentage of luminal stenosis was calculated, using CSA of the stenotic site and of segments craniad and caudad to the site obtained at necropsy or at surgery. All methods were compared with the control method of planimetrically determined CSA of sections obtained at necropsy of the tracheostomy and segments craniad and caudad to the site.

Results
Correlation was poor for radiographic and tracheoscopic techniques (r = 0.146 to 0.458, P > 0.05) The formula for an ellipse accurately predicted PTLS when measurements obtained at surgery (r = 0.516, P = 0.049) or segments craniad and caudad (r = 0.853, P < 0.001) to the site were used.

Conclusion
Antemortem methods of assessing PTLS did not correlate with control planimetric methods. Methods using CSA determined by tracheal diameter were weakly correlated to control planimetric techniques.

Clinical Relevance
Accurate measurement of the degree of tracheal stenosis cannot be made in clinical patients using current techniques. (Am J Vet Res 1997;58:1051–1054)
Application of multiplex polymerase chain reaction for rapid identification of Campylobacter jejuni and C coli associated with reproductive failure
Authors: Wesley Irene V. , Sanderson Thomas P. , Larson David J. , Harmon Karen M. , Andrews John J. , Miskimins Dale W. , Zeman David H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to distinguish Campylobacter jejuni from C coll as causes of reproductive failure.

Procedure
Review of clinical cases of reproductive failure attributed to C jejuni or C coli.

Results
A case of swine abortion was attributable to infection with C coli. The porcine abortion isolates were verified as C coli by restriction fragment length polymorphism and multiplex PCR. Cases of endometritis in a fox and in mink caused by C jejuni were reviewed, and isolates were confirmed as C jejuni by results of the multiplex PCR.

Conclusion
Multiplex PCR was useful in identifying C coli and C jejuni recovered from atypical cases of reproductive failure. Multiplex PCR in conjunction with conventional assays may be useful for verifying other unusual instances of campylobacteriosis. (Am J Vet Res 1997;58:1070–1075)
Clinical, morphologic, and biochemical characteristics of Chediak-Higashi syndrome in fifty-six Japanese Black cattle
Authors: Ogawa Hiroyuki , Tu Chien-Hsien , Kagamizono Hitoshi , Soki Kozo , Inoue Yuziro , Akatsuka Hiroto , Nagata Shun-ichi , Wada Takeru , Ikeya Masahisa , Makimura Susumu , Uchida Kazuyuki , Yamaguchi Ryozi , Otsuka Hiromitu 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY

Objective
To characterize Chediak-Higashi syndrome (C-HS) in Japanese Black cattle.

Animals
56 of 200 cattle with a bleeding disorder and giant granules in leukocytes.

Procedure
Clinical observation, CBC, hemostatic screening test, platelet aggregometry, electron microscopy, platelet constituent analysis, and ophthalmoscopic examination were done.

Results
Affected Japanese Black cattle had increased bleeding tendency and abnormal granules in their leukocytes. Susceptibility to infection was not increased. Cutaneous albinism was evident in 6 newborn calves, but not in most affected cattle. In all affected cattle, the tapetal fundus was pale and the nontapetal fundus was almost devoid of pigment. By electron microscopy, a remarkable decrease in the number of dense granules in platelets was observed. Functionally, collagen-induced platelet aggregation was markedly reduced.

Conclusions
This bleeding disorder was diagnosed as C-HS. With regard to susceptibility to infection, albinism, and mortality, clinical manifestations of C-HS in Japanese Black cattle were moderate, compared with C-HS in human beings and Hereford cattle.

Clinical Relevance
Because an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance was documented and recessive homozygotes could be easily detected, C-HS in Japanese Black cattle can be controlled. (Am J Vet Res 1997;58:1221–1226)