bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural (re)organisation of language and memory: implications for neuroplasticity and cognition
Authors: Stasenko Alena , Kaestner Erik , Rodriguez Jonathan , Benjamin Christopher , Winstanley F Scott , Sepeta Leigh , Horsfall Jessica , Bookheimer Susan Y , Shih Jerry J , Norman Marc A , Gooding Amanda , McDonald Carrie R 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundIn the presence of neurological insult, how language and memory networks jointly reorganise provides insights into mechanisms of neuroplasticity and can inform presurgical planning. As (re)organisation is often studied within a single cognitive modality, how language and memory interact during (re)organisation in response to epilepsy and the implications for memory outcomes is less clear. We investigated (1) the rates and patterns of joint (re)organisation and (2) their associations with pre- and postsurgical memory function.MethodsIndividuals with epilepsy (n=162) from three neurosurgical centres underwent the Wada procedure. We examined colateralisation patterns (ie, concordance/discordance) between language and both global and verbal memory (n=34), and associations with clinical characteristics and preoperative and postoperative memory outcomes.ResultsOverall concordance between language and memory colateralisation was minimal-to-weak across both global memory and verbal memory (kappa=0.28–0.44). Discordance was primarily observed in individuals with left-lateralised language, of whom 52% and 32% showed discordance in global and verbal memory, respectively. Discordance was most pronounced in left hemisphere epilepsy and mesial temporal sclerosis. Conversely, right-lateralised language consistently predicted right-lateralised memory (95%–100%), regardless of seizure laterality or memory type. While discordance was not associated with presurgical memory function, discordance predicted superior postsurgical memory outcomes following surgery in the language-dominant hemisphere (p<0.05; ηp2=0.30).ConclusionsWhen language dominance is atypical, memory tends to colateralise. However, when language remains typical, concordance with memory is weak, particularly for left hemisphere seizure onset. An interhemispheric shift in language may trigger a shift in memory, possibly to maintain efficient communication between medial temporal and neocortical language networks. In contrast, memory appears able to reorganise in isolation, with discordance predicting better postsurgical memory outcomes without detriment to presurgical function. Our findings support the continued need for separate presurgical mapping of language and memory lateralisation, particularly in the case of typical language dominance and left hemisphere seizures.
Home-based physical symptom management for family caregivers: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Schoth Daniel Eric , Holley Simone , Johnson Margaret , Stibbs Emma , Renton Kate , Harrop Emily , Liossi Christina 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundPatients with life-limiting conditions are often cared for at home by family, typically without adequate training to carry out the challenging tasks performed. This systematic review assessed the efficacy of interventions designed to help family caregivers manage pain and other symptoms in adults and children with life-limiting conditions at home.MethodsA systematic search was performed on seven databases. A narrative synthesis was conducted, along with a meta-analysis comparing outcomes in those who received an intervention to those who did not, or to preintervention scores.Results84 eligible studies were identified. Significant improvements in pain and fatigue in patients with cancer were found compared with patients in the control group and baseline. Caregivers of patients with cancer receiving an intervention, compared with the control group caregivers, showed significant improvements in self-efficacy and active coping and lower avoidant coping. This group also showed significant improvements in burden, self-efficacy, anxiety and depression, and decreases in avoidant coping pre- to post intervention. Patients with dementia whose caregivers received an intervention showed significantly reduced pain intensity and improvements in quality of life pre- to post intervention. Caregivers of patients with dementia showed significantly reduced distress pre- to post intervention. No beneficial effects were found for caregivers of patients with Parkinson’s disease or heart failure, although only limited analyses could be performed.ConclusionsInterventions targeting family caregivers can improve both patient symptoms and caregiver outcomes, as demonstrated in cancer and dementia care. Future mixed-methods research should collect data from caregiver and patient dyads, identifying key intervention components. There is also need for more studies on caregivers of paediatric patients.
Trends in use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes among young adults who had smoked in adolescence: 2017–2022
Authors: Miech Richard , Leventhal Adam , Patrick Megan , Rodriguez Nicolas 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThis study considers recent trends in combustible and e-cigarette use among US young adults who smoked cigarettes in adolescence, who are the originating source of most adults who smoke.MethodsData come from the Monitoring the Future study, which includes young adults aged 19–30 who were first surveyed in 12th grade as part of a nationally-representative sample. The analysis centres on 3623 observations from 2377 young adults surveyed from 2017 to 2022 who reported they had ever smoked a combustible cigarette in the initial, 12th grade survey.ResultsAmong young adults who had smoked in adolescence, the percentage who used a combustible cigarette currently (in the past 30 days) significantly declined from 45% in 2017–2018 to 35% in 2021–2022. The percentage who currently used nicotine hovered around 50%, as measured by current use of an e-cigarette or combustible cigarette and this percentage did not significantly trend over the study period. The percentage who currently used e-cigarettes exclusively and not combustible cigarettes tripled from 6% in 2017–2018 to 21% in 2021–2022. About half of this exclusive e-cigarette group deliberately used e-cigarettes to quit combustible cigarettes, in all years. Dual use of both e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes significantly increased from 11% in 2017–2018 to 17% in 2021–2022. Trends were robust in multivariable regression analyses that controlled demographics.ConclusionAmong young adults who had smoked in adolescence, a 10-point decline in cigarette prevalence from 2017 to 2022 coincided with a 7-point increase in the percentage who deliberately used e-cigarettes to quit combustible cigarettes.
Unveiling new phases of the Standard Model Higgs potential
Authors: Goertz Florian , Pastor-Gutiérrez Álvaro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present evidence for new phases of the Standard Model Higgs potential. We study the Standard Model physical trajectory accounting for the Higgs curvature mass with the mass-dependent functional renormalisation group. New unstable and non-trivially stable phases are found at energies above the Planck scale and below the Abelian Landau pole. While the first aggravates the well-known metastable phase and threatens the viability of the Standard Model extrapolated to arbitrary scales, the latter can provide a well-defined ultraviolet completion. We investigate the phase diagram as a function of the top quark pole mass and study the effect of new physics through a scalar singlet portal coupling. The new non-trivial phase appears below the Planck scale in extensions of the Standard Model seeking stable trajectories. These findings have a significant impact on existing model building.
The impact of quantitative platform on candidacy for bronchoscopic lung volume reduction: a multi-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wayne Max , Pilli Suchitra , Choi Hee Jae , Moulton Nathaniel , Chenna Praveen , Burks Allen Cole , Chen Alexander 
Published: January 2025

Background: Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) can be an effective treatment for highly selected patients with severe emphysema but only half of carefully selected patients derive clinical benefit. Two commercially available platforms exist to help determine candidacy for BLVR via quantitative analysis of computed tomography (CT) scans. Objectives: To determine if the two commercially available quantitative platforms identified the same patient population that may benefit from BLVR. Design: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study. Methods: Consecutive patients referred for BLVR between January 1, 2022 and March 31, 2023 at three medical centers in the United States with the same CT scan submitted for quantitative analysis to two commercially available platforms to determine BLVR candidacy were analyzed. The primary outcome of interest was whether quantitative analysis provided different recommendations for individual patients. The recommendation to proceed with BLVR was based on a prespecified algorithm using criteria established in clinical trials for each quantitative platform, respectively. Results: A total of 83 patients referred for BLVR across three centers were included; patients were a median 67 years old, had a median post bronchodilator FEV1 of 30% predicted (IQR: 25, 38), a median residual volume of 220% predicted (IQR: 185, 268), and 29 (34.9%) received endobronchial valves. A total of 26 patients (31.3%) received different recommendations from the two quantitative platforms. Conclusion: In this cohort of patients evaluated for BLVR across multiple medical centers, nearly a third of patients received different recommendations based on the platform utilized for valve assessment. This suggests that the selection process for BLVR may warrant refinement.
Evaluation of wound healing activity of the crude extract and solvent fractions of Rumex nervosus Vahl (Polygonaceae) leaves in mice
Authors: Andualem Abel , Getahun Kefyalew Ayalew , Goshu Bahiru Tenaw , Belayneh Yaschilal Muche 
Published: January 2025

Background In Ethiopian traditional medicine, Rumex nervosus Vahl leaves are used to treat wounds. However, despite traditional claims and supportive in vitro findings, no scientific study has been conducted to evaluate the in vivo wound healing activity of R. nervosus Vahl leaves. Aim of the study To evaluate the wound healing activity of crude extract of the leaves of R. nervosus Vahl and its solvent fractions in mice. Methods R. nervosus Vahl leaves were extracted with 80% methanol, and then the crude extract was fractionated using ethyl acetate, chloroform, and water. Ointments at 5% and 10% strengths were formulated from the crude extract and its fractions. The healing activity of the crude extract was evaluated using linear incision, circular excision, and burn wound models in mice. Additionally, the activity of solvent fractions was assessed using circular excision wounds in mice. Results Treatment of wounds with ointments containing 5% and 10% crude extract showed significantly increased wound contraction rate, shorter epithelialization period, and higher skin-breaking strength (P < 0.05) compared with the negative control. Both 5% and 10% formulations of the aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions significantly increased wound contraction and decreased the period of epithelialization in the excision wound model (p < 0.05), however, the chloroform fraction showed no significant wound healing effect compared with the negative control. Conclusion The 80% methanol crude extract as well as the aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions of R. nervosus Vahl leaves possess wound healing activity as evidenced by improved wound contraction rate and tensile strength and decreased epithelialization period.
The relationship between levels of physical activity, adherence to the MIND diet, and cognitive impairment in adults aged 65 years or older in Pakistan
Authors: Islam Binish , Li Tianjiao , Ibrahim Tasiu Ibrahim , Yang Dan , Lv Hanxiao , Zhang Qian , Xu Mengying , Gassara Goudja , Wang Jianwu 
Published: January 2025

Background In contrast to existing evidence focusing on high-income countries, this study offers novel insights into the demographic and geographical context that have yet to be explored in the existing literature. Comparatively, in Pakistan, cognitive impairment is one of the neglected disorders that can develop into dementia and Alzheimer's disease. As no treatment is available, lifestyle modifications are a valid intervention for cognitive health. Objective This study aimed to assess the relationship between physical functionality, adherence to the Mediterranean-DASH diet Intervention for Neurological Delay (MIND), and cognitive impairment among elderly individuals in Pakistan. Methods From January to June 2023, this cross-sectional study recruited 462 participants aged 65 and above. We used proven tools in gerontological research, such as the MIND diet quiz and Quick Physical Activity Rating scale (QPAR), to evaluate diet and physical activity levels. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Results Our analysis revealed that 26.40% of the participants had mild cognitive impairment, whereas 48.50% demonstrated low adherence to the MIND diet. The mean QPAR score was 20.51 ± 18.77. A significant association was found between lower physical activity levels and increased cognitive impairment (adjusted odds ratio 9.94, confidence interval (CI): 6.07–16.27). Additionally, higher adherence to the MIND diet correlated with reduced cognitive impairment (odds ratio 0.29, CI: 0.18–0.46). Conclusions These findings highlight the critical role of diet and physical activity in cognitive health among the elderly population. The study emphasizes the need for targeted public health interventions and further longitudinal research to explore the long-term effects of these factors on cognitive health.
‘We’re More Prepared than Before: Understanding the Strategies Used by a Non-governmental Organization During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Dhillon Satveer , Luginaah Isaac , Elliott Susan J. , Nagawa Justine , Niwagaba Ronah Agaba 
Published: January 2025

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on populations worldwide, particularly on older adults residing in low - and middle-income countries. Due to these negative impacts, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) provided extensive support, which affected their operations. Methods Using the social resilience framework, the purpose of this study was to better understand what strategies NGOs used to support vulnerable populations and how they are building back stronger from the COVID-19 pandemic. In the fall of 2022, 26 (virtual) in-depth interviews were conducted with staff and volunteers from an NGO supporting older adults in Uganda. Results Several key themes emerged including using existing resources to better support older adults and staff and the importance of having multiple sources of revenue to support organizational operations. Discussion The key lessons learned by NGO staff and volunteers can be utilized to enact policy and practice change to help strengthen NGOs’ social resilience. This would allow them to continue implementing innovative strategies to support vulnerable populations during times of crisis.
LRP11 facilitates lipid metabolism and malignancy in hepatocellular carcinoma by stabilizing RACK1 through USP5 regulation
Authors: Liang Litao , Jia Wenbo , Wang Jinyi , Feng Yanzhi , Zhu Deming , Zhao Wenhu , Xu Chao , Ling Xiangyu , Lv Qingpeng , Ai Xiaoming , Kong Lianbao , Ding Wenzhou 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide and a major public health challenge. Lipid metabolism plays a crucial role in the metabolic reprogramming observed in HCC, although the underlying mechanisms are still being elucidated. Nile red staining and lipid assays showed that LRP11 knockdown significantly reduces lipid accumulation in HCC cells, with a concurrent decrease in key lipid metabolism markers such as FSAN, ACLY and ACSL4, as demonstrated by Western blotting. Mass spectrometry (MS) and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) revealed that LRP11 recruits USP5, enhancing USP5-mediated deubiquitination of RACK1. Truncation analysis identified LRP11 residues 309–500 as critical for interaction with the RACK1 residues 91–231. These findings suggest that LRP11 may influence lipid metabolism and progression in HCC through USP5-mediated stabilization of RACK1. Based on these results, LRP11 emerges as a potential target for further exploration in HCC therapy. Targeting LRP11 or disrupting its interactions with USP5 or RACK1 could offer new avenues for treatment, though additional research is required to validate these therapeutic possibilities.
Hyperspectral imaging in living and deceased donor kidney transplantation
Authors: Wrigge Rasmus , Sucher Robert , Haak Fabian , Meyer Hans-Jonas , Unruh Julia , Hau Hans-Michael , Mehdorn Matthias , Tautenhahn Hans-Michael , Seehofer Daniel , Scheuermann Uwe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective and background
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is an innovative, noninvasive technique that assesses tissue and organ perfusion and oxygenation. This study aimed to evaluate HSI as a predictive tool for early postoperative graft function and long-term outcomes in living donor (LD) and deceased donor (DD) kidney transplantation (KT).

Patients and methods
HSI of kidney allograft parenchyma from 19 LD and 51 DD kidneys was obtained intraoperatively 15 minutes after reperfusion. Using the dedicated HSI TIVITA Tissue System, indices of tissue oxygenation (StO2), perfusion (near-infrared [NIR]), organ hemoglobin (OHI), and tissue water (TWI) were calculated and then analyzed retrospectively.

Results
LD kidneys had superior intraoperative HSI values of StO2 (0.78 ± 0.13 versus 0.63 ± 0.24; P = 0.001) and NIR (0.67 ± 0.10 versus 0.56 ± 0.27; P = 0.016) compared to DD kidneys. Delayed graft function (DGF) was observed in 18 cases (26%), in which intraoperative HSI showed significantly lower values of StO2 (0.78 ± 0.07 versus 0.35 ± 0.21; P < 0.001) and NIR (0.67 ± 0.11 versus 0.34 ± 0.32; P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated an excellent predictive value of HSI for the development of DGF, with an area under the curve of 0.967 for StO2 and 0.801 for NIR. Kidney grafts with low StO2 values (cut-off point 0.6) showed reduced renal function with a low glomerular filtration rate and elevated urea levels in the first two weeks after KT. Three years after KT, graft survival was also inferior in the group with initially low StO2 values.

Conclusion
HSI is a useful tool for predicting DGF in living and deceased KT and may assist in estimating short-term allograft function. However, further studies with expanded cohorts are needed to evaluate the association between HSI and long-term graft outcomes.
Application of a methodological framework for the development and multicenter validation of reliable artificial intelligence in embryo evaluation
Authors: Gilboa D. , Garg Akhil , Shapiro M. , Meseguer M. , Amar Y. , Lustgarten N. , Desai N. , Shavit T. , Silva V. , Papatheodorou A. , Chatziparasidou A. , Angras S. , Lee J. H. , Thiel L. , Curchoe C. L. , Tauber Y. , Seidman D. S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) models analyzing embryo time-lapse images have been developed to predict the likelihood of pregnancy following in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, limited research exists on methods ensuring AI consistency and reliability in clinical settings during its development and validation process. We present a methodology for developing and validating an AI model across multiple datasets to demonstrate reliable performance in evaluating blastocyst-stage embryos.

Methods
This multicenter analysis utilizes time-lapse images, pregnancy outcomes, and morphologic annotations from embryos collected at 10 IVF clinics across 9 countries between 2018 and 2022. The four-step methodology for developing and evaluating the AI model include: (I) curating annotated datasets that represent the intended clinical use case; (II) developing and optimizing the AI model; (III) evaluating the AI’s performance by assessing its discriminative power and associations with pregnancy probability across variable data; and (IV) ensuring interpretability and explainability by correlating AI scores with relevant morphologic features of embryo quality. Three datasets were used: the training and validation dataset (n = 16,935 embryos), the blind test dataset (n = 1,708 embryos; 3 clinics), and the independent dataset (n = 7,445 embryos; 7 clinics) derived from previously unseen clinic cohorts.

Results
The AI was designed as a deep learning classifier ranking embryos by score according to their likelihood of clinical pregnancy. Higher AI score brackets were associated with increased fetal heartbeat (FH) likelihood across all evaluated datasets, showing a trend of increasing odds ratios (OR). The highest OR was observed in the top G4 bracket (test dataset G4 score ≥ 7.5: OR 3.84; independent dataset G4 score ≥ 7.5: OR 4.01), while the lowest was in the G1 bracket (test dataset G1 score < 4.0: OR 0.40; independent dataset G1 score < 4.0: OR 0.45). AI score brackets G2, G3, and G4 displayed OR values above 1.0 (P < 0.05), indicating linear associations with FH likelihood. Average AI scores were consistently higher for FH-positive than for FH-negative embryos within each age subgroup. Positive correlations were also observed between AI scores and key morphologic parameters used to predict embryo quality.

Conclusions
Strong AI performance across multiple datasets demonstrates the value of our four-step methodology in developing and validating the AI as a reliable adjunct to embryo evaluation.