bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defence styles and other risk factors for eating disorders among female adolescents: a case–control study
Authors: Poikolainen Kari , Kanerva Riitta , Marttunen Mauri , Lönnqvist Jouko 
Published: September 2002

AbstractImmature defence style cluster has earlier been found to be a risk factor for eating disorders but the role of individual defence styles in the aetiology of these disorders has remained unknown. In a case–control design, 57 incident, consecutive female eating disorder patients aged 14–22 years were compared with 337 female control subjects, drawn from the general population and matched for age and hospital catchment area. Eating disorder patients had higher scores of sublimation, undoing, and passive aggression, and lower scores of displacement and splitting than controls. Patients with eating disorder differ significantly from controls in the use of specific defence styles. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
A sediment transport equation for interrill overland flow on rough surfaces
Authors: Abrahams Athol D. , Li Gary , Krishnan Chitra , Atkinson Joseph F. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA model for predicting the sediment transport capacity of turbulent interrill flow on rough surfaces is developed from 1295 flume experiments with flow depths ranging from 3·4 to 43·4 mm, flow velocities from 0·09 to 0·65 m s−1, Reynolds numbers from 5000 to 26 949, Froude numbers from 0·23 to 2·93, bed slopes from 2·7° to 10°, sediment diameters from 0·098 to 1·16 mm, volumetric sediment concentrations from 0·002 to 0·304, roughness concentrations from 0 to 0·57, roughness diameters from 1·0 to 91·3 mm, rainfall intensities from 0 to 159 mm h−1, flow densities from 1002 to 1501 kg m−3, and flow kinematic viscosities from 0·913 to 2·556 × 10−6 m2 s−1. Stones, cylinders and miniature ornamental trees are used as roughness elements. Given the diverse shapes, sizes and concentrations of these elements, the transport model is likely to apply to a wide range of ground surface morphologies.Using dimensional analysis, a total‐load transport equation is developed for open‐channel flows, and this equation is shown to apply to interrill flows both with and without rainfall. The equation indicates that the dimensionless sediment transport rate ϕ is a function of, and therefore can be predicted by, the dimensionless shear stress θ, its critical value θc, the resistance coefficient u/u*, the inertial settling velocity of the sediment wi, the roughness concentration Cr, and the roughness diameter Dr. The model has the form

where $a = -0{\cdot}42 \ C_{\rm r}/D_{\rm r}^{0{\cdot}20}$ and $c = 1 + 0{\cdot}42 \ C_{\rm r}/D_{\rm r}^{0{\cdot}20}$. Testing reveals that the model gives good unbiased predictions of ϕ in flows with sediment concentrations less than 0·20. Flows with higher concentrations appear to be hyperconcentrated and to have sediment transport rates higher than those predicted by the model. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved chemometric strategies for quantitative FTIR spectral analysis and applications in atmospheric open‐path monitoring
Authors: Heise H. Michael , Müller Uwe , Gärtner Andrea G. , Hölscher Norbert 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFTIR spectroscopy has been established for the monitoring of diffuse emissions into the open atmosphere. The method of choice for the evaluation of the atmospheric spectra uses the fitting of reference spectra by classical least squares. Important refinements can be achieved by selecting the optimal wavelength ranges based on objective mathematical criteria, improved spectral background strategies, and high‐quality reference spectra that allow for the adaptation of nonlinearity effects. Under these improved conditions, new detection limits for atmospheric trace components are presented. The chemometric tools developed were integrated into an expert system, affording the evaluation of the atmospheric spectra with a minimum of user interaction. Results from several field campaign measurements within a municipal waste‐treatment plant are presented, illustrating the reliability of the methods applied. Furthermore, extensive trace‐gas concentration data were collected simultaneously with two FTIR spectrometer systems under various meteorological conditions and spatial scenarios for dispersion modeling of diffuse emissions from different sites. Emission rates of ammonia area sources were determined from path‐integrated spectroscopic remote measurements and inverse dispersion modeling based on Lagrangian model calculations. The results were obtained within a factor of 1.4 times the actual emission rate values. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 5: 13–28, 2001
On a Mean—Generalized Semivariance Approach to Determining the Hedge Ratio
Authors: Chen Sheng‐Syan , Lee Cheng‐Few , Shrestha Keshab 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA new mean‐risk hedge ratio based on the concept of generalized semivariance (GSV) is proposed. The proposed mean‐GSV (M‐GSV) hedge ratio is consistent with the GSV‐based risk–return model developed by Fishburn (1977), Bawa (1975, 1978), and Harlow and Rao (1989). The M‐GSV hedge ratio can also be considered an extension of the GSV‐minimizing hedge ratio considered by De Jong, De Roon, and Veld (1997) and Lien and Tse (1998, 2000). The M‐GSV hedge ratio is estimated for Standard & Poor's (S&P) 500 futures and compared to six other widely used hedge ratios. Because all the hedge ratios considered are known to converge to the minimum‐variance (Johnson) hedge ratio under joint normality and martingale conditions, tests for normality and martingale conditions are carried out. The empirical results indicate that the joint normality and martingale hypotheses do not hold for the S&P 500 futures. The M‐GSV hedge ratio varies less than the GSV hedge ratio for low and relevant levels of risk aversion. Furthermore, the M‐GSV hedge ratio converges to a value different from the values of the other hedge ratios for higher values of risk aversion. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 21: 581–598, 2001
Endothelin downregulates the glutamate transporter GLAST in cAMP‐differentiated astrocytes in vitro
Authors: Matsuura Sigeru , Ikegaya Yuji , Yamada Maki K. , Nishiyama Nobuyoshi , Matsuki Norio 
Published: September 2002

AbstractEndothelin (ET) is a putative pathogenetic mediator associated with brain trauma and ischemia. Because a link between neuronal damage after these injuries and glial Na+‐dependent L‐glutamate transporter activity has been suggested, we investigated the effect of ET on the glutamate clearance ability of astrocytes. Dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dBcAMP), which is widely used to induce differentiation of cultured astrocytes, markedly increased [3H]glutamate transport activity in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. In the presence of ET, however, dBcAMP decreased the glutamate uptake. This effect was efficiently prevented by an antagonist of ETB receptor, but not of ETA receptor. ET per se was virtually ineffective. Eadie–Hofstee analysis demonstrated that dBcAMP increased the Vmax value of glutamate uptake activity by 43.4% in the absence of ET, but decreased it by 41.4% in the presence of ET, without apparent changes in the Km value. Accordingly, Western blot analysis indicated that the change in transport activity correlated closely with that in expression level of the glial glutamate transporter GLAST. These results may represent the mechanisms by which ET aggravates trauma‐ and ischemia‐elicited neuronal damage. GLIA 37:178–182, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrophysiological properties of rat retinal Müller (glial) cells in postnatally developing and in pathologically altered retinae
Authors: Felmy Felix , Pannicke Thomas , Richt Jürgen A. , Reichenbach Andreas , Guenther Elke 
Published: September 2002

AbstractRetinal glial Müller cells are characterized by dominant K+ conductances. The cells may undergo changes of their membrane currents during ontogeny and gliosis as described in rabbit and man. Although the rat retina is often used in physiological experiments, the electrophysiology of rat Müller cells is less well studied. The aim of the present study was to characterize their membrane currents in postnatal development and in two models of retinal degeneration. Freshly isolated cells were subjected to whole‐cell patch clamp recordings. During the first 4 weeks after birth of rats, their Müller cells displayed an increase in all membrane currents, particularly in the inward currents elicited at hyperpolarizing potentials. The decrease of the membrane resistance from more than 760 MΩ to less than 50 MΩ was accompanied by a shift of the zero current potential from about −20 mV to −80 mV, similar as earlier observed in developing rabbit Müller cells. These developmental changes were found in pigmented Brown Norway rats as well as in rats with inherited retinal dystrophy (RCS rats). Moreover, an infection of Lewis rats with the Borna disease virus caused substantial neuroretinal degeneration but did not result in a strong reduction of inward currents and of the zero current potential of the Müller cells. Thus, rat Müller cells fail to change their basic membrane properties in two different models of retinal pathology. This is in contrast to human and rabbit Müller cells, which have been shown to undergo dramatic changes of their membrane physiology in response to retinal diseases and injuries. GLIA 34:190–199, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The association between depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in community‐dwelling elderly persons
Authors: Comijs Hannie C. , Jonker Cees , Beekman Aartjan T. F. , Deeg Dorly J. H. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether depressive symptoms predict specific types of cognitive decline in order to elucidate the association between late life depression and cognitive decline.BackgroundMechanisms underlying the association between late life depression and cognitive decline are still unclear.MethodSix hundred and forty‐one elderly persons of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) aged 70–85 were examined by means of two measurement occasions over a period of 3 years. Depressive symptoms were assessed by means of the CES‐D. Various cognitive functions were examined using neuropsychological tests.ResultsDepressive symptoms were associated with decline in speed of information processing over a 3‐year period, whereas there was no association between depression and increasing memory impairment or global mental deterioration.ConclusionThese findings suggest that depressive symptoms are associated with subcortical pathology, most probable white matter lesions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temporal patterns of disruptive vocalization in elderly nursing home residents
Authors: Burgio Louis D. , Scilley Kay , Hardin J. Michael , Hsu C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis study used computer‐assisted real‐time data collection procedures to study temporal patterns of disruptive vocalization (DV) in demented nursing home residents. Residents (N = 68) were observed from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. and total mean duration of DV within hourly blocks was calculated. Analysis of the temporal distribution of DV exhibited by the group of 68 residents indicated a significant cubic trend. Exploratory cluster analysis uncovered three distinct temporal patterns of DV; although two of the patterns are generally supportive of sundowning. Cluster 1 showed a relatively constant pattern of low rate DV. Clusters 2 and 3 showed cyclic trends. Peaks in DV were observed during noontime and in the evening for Cluster 2. Cluster 3 showed peaks in DV in the early morning hours and late afternoon. MANOVA was employed to examine any differences among clusters in age, cognitive status, and ADL status. Univariate analyses indicated that cognitive status was the only factor that differed significantly among clusters, with members of Cluster 1 (constant low rate DV) manifesting higher cognitive status scores than Clusters 2 and 3. A step‐wise discriminant function analysis also showed cognitive status to be the only statistically significant predictor of cluster membership. The authors' note that the scientific literature on agitation is fraught with contradictory findings and assert that inconsistencies may be due to differences across studies in problem definition, method of measurement, and sample size. The results are discussed in relation to these methodological issues and clinical implications of the findings. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High prevalence of anxiety symptoms in hospitalized geriatric patients
Authors: Kvaal Kari , Macijauskiene Jurate , Engedal Knut , Laake Knut 
Published: September 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the prevalence of anxiety symptoms in hospitalized geriatric patients.DesignControlled cross‐sectional study.SubjectsNinety‐eight geriatric in‐patients and 68 healthy home‐dwelling controls of similar age recruited from senior citizen centres.Outcome measureAnxiety measured as a current emotional state by Spielberger's State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).ResultsThe geriatric patients scored significantly higher than the controls. Applying Spielberger's recommended cut‐off of 39/40 on the STAI sumscore, 41% of the female and 47% of the male geriatric patients might be suspected of suffering from significant anxiety symptoms. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease tended to score higher; otherwise no relationship was found between the STAI sumscore and type of chronic somatic disease, nor between the STAI sumscore and number of drugs in regular use.ConclusionsSTAI proved feasible for use in the elderly. The scoring on the STAI is high in geriatric in‐patients. Further studies are needed to clarify to what extent this relates to a high prevalence of anxiety disorders. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Pummerer‐like reaction of 2,5‐bis(trimethylsilyl)thiophene S‐oxide with trifluoroacetic anhydride: intermediary formation of sulfurane [10‐S‐4(C2O2)] (λ4‐sulfane)
Authors: Sato Soichi , Zhang Shao‐Zhong , Furukawa Naomichi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractOn treatment of a 2,5‐bissilylsubstituted thiophene S‐oxide or dibenzothiophene S‐oxide with trifluoroacetic anhydride, the equillibria between the corresponding substrates and hypervalent sulfur compounds (sulfurane or λ4‐sulfane) have now been first detected by low temperature NMR experiments. By elevating the temperature to room temperature, in the case of the thiophene S‐oxide, the sulfurane detected was converted to 3‐thiolene‐2‐one quantitatively via a Pummerer‐like reaction. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:444–450, 2001
Ulnar versus radial forearm flap in head and neck reconstruction: An experimental and clinical study
Authors: Sieg Peter , Bierwolf Stephan 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundTo consider the pros and cons of the microvascular ulnar forearm flap compared with its radial counterpart, this study compares the use of these two flaps for head and neck reconstruction.MethodsIn 75 patients, 51 ulnar and 24 radial forearm flaps were used. Both groups were compared regarding flap dissection, suitability of the flap for the recipient region, complication rate, and secondary morbidity in the donor region. Furthermore, in 40 healthy volunteers, the thickness of the subcutaneous tissue layer was measured by use of ultrasonography.ResultsFlap survival rate, respectively wound healing, in the recipient region showed no differences. Clinical and experimental results demonstrated a thinner subcutaneous layer in the ulnar aspect of the forearm. Compared with its radial equivalent, closure of the ulnar donor side by skin grafting resulted in a significantly lower complication rate.ConclusionsThe ulnar forearm flap is favored because of the less hairy skin of the ulnar forearm region, the thinner layer of subcutaneous tissues, and the more conveniently located donor area. The ulnar forearm pedicle is long compared with alternative transplants but shorter than the radial equivalent. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 967–971, 2001.
The behaviour of 39 pesticides in surface waters as a function of scale
Authors: Capel Paul D. , Larson Steven J. , Winterstein Thomas A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA portion of applied pesticides runs off agricultural fields and is transported through surface waters. In this study, the behaviour of 39 pesticides is examined as a function of scale across 14 orders of magnitude from the field to the ocean. Data on pesticide loads in streams from two US Geological Survey programs were combined with literature data from field and watershed studies. The annual load as percent of use (LAPU) was quantified for each of the fields and watersheds and was used as the normalization factor across watersheds and compounds. The in‐stream losses of each pesticide were estimated for a model stream with a 15 day travel time (similar in characteristics to the upper Mississippi River). These estimated in‐stream losses agreed well with the observed changes in apparent LAPU values as a function of watershed area. In general, herbicides applied to the soil surface had the greatest LAPU values and minimal in‐stream losses. Soil‐incorporated herbicides had smaller LAPU values and substantial in‐stream losses. Insecticides generally had LAPU values similar to the incorporated herbicides, but had more variation in their in‐stream losses. On the basis of the LAPU values of the 39 pesticides as a function of watershed area, a generalized conceptual model of the movement of pesticides from the field to the ocean is suggested. The importance of considering both field runoff and in‐stream losses is discussed in relation to interpreting monitoring data and making regulatory decisions. Published in 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of persistent hydrophobic organic compounds in the Columbia River Basin using semipermeable‐membrane devices
Authors: McCarthy Kathleen A. , Gale Robert W. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPersistent hydrophobic organic compounds are of concern in the Columbia River because they have been correlated with adverse effects on wildlife. We analysed samples from nine main‐stem and six tributary sites throughout the Columbia River Basin (Washington and Oregon) for polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins, dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and priority‐pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Because these compounds may have important biological consequences at aqueous concentrations well below the detection limits associated with conventional sampling methods, we used semipermeable‐membrane devices to sample water and achieved parts‐per‐quintillion detection limits. All of these compound classes were prevalent within the basin, but concentrations of many analytes were highest in the vicinity of Portland–Vancouver, indicating that the Willamette subbasin—and perhaps the urban area in particular—is an important source of these compounds. Data collected during basin low‐flow conditions in 1997 and again during basin high‐flow conditions in 1998 indicate that in‐stream processes such as dilution by relatively clean inflows, and flow through island hyporheic zones may be important mechanisms for attenuating dissolved concentrations of hydrophobic compounds. Published in 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The glutathione defense system in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hassan M. Q. , Hadi R. A. , Al‐Rawi Z. S. , Padron V. A. , Stohs S. J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn order to assess a possible role of the natural glutathione defense system in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), serum reduced glutathione levels (GSH), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione S‐transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, lipid peroxidation (MDA content) and indexes of inflammation were evaluated in 58 rheumatic patients. Rheumatoid athritis was associated with significant depletion (ca. 50%) in GSH levels compared with normal control subjects. Serum levels of the detoxifying enzymes GSR and GSH‐Px decreased by ca. 50% and 45%, respectively, whereas a threefold increase in the activity of GST was observed. A 1.2‐fold increase in ALP was observed in patients with RA. These effects were accompanied by a 3.1‐fold increase in serum MDA content. The MDA content was higher in RA patients who were seropositive for rheumatoid factor as well as positive for C‐reactive proteins. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate for all patients with RA was approximately 13.8‐fold higher than for the control group, and was higher among RA patients who were positive for C‐reactive proteins and exhibited seropositivity for rheumatoid factor. Patients with RA receiving gold therapy exhibited significantly lower MDA levels whereas all other factors that were measured were not effected. The results support a hypothesis that defense mechanisms against reactive oxygen species are impaired in RA. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of parameters associated to the risk of PVC catheter reuse
Authors: Granados D. L. , Jiménez A. , Cuadrado T. R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe practice of single use devices (SUD) recycling raises public health concerns, primarily with regard to the potential risks of infection and device malfunction. These concerns have led to a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) revision of the present regulations. The purpose of our work is to identify different material parameters that could contribute to the health risks associated with the practice of reprocessing PVC catheters for use in other patients. Ethylene oxide hospital‐reprocessed central venous catheter samples were obtained from the stock of a health‐care institution. One device trademark was selected, and samples that had been used 8 and 24 times were compared with new ones. In order to determine the total percentage of extractables, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was used, and off‐line gas‐chromatography–flame‐ionization detection (GC‐FID) was employed for identification and quantitation of bis‐(2‐ethyl hexil)phthalate (DEHP).Storage modulus (E') and dissipation factor (tan δ curves were obtained by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Successive catheter recycles produced increased plasticizer loss, increased glass transition temperature (Tg) and E', widening of tan δ curve with a simultaneous shift to higher temperature, small decrease of weight average molecular weight (Mw), increased surface roughness, and increased appearance of surface grooves (severe damage). The magnitude of biomaterial parameter changes measured suggests that reuse could alter the original device performance. Examples of possible adverse clinical events include leaching of toxic agents, device rigidization or breakage, increased catheter protein retention, or the promotion of bacterial adhesion by device topography modification. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 58: 505–510, 2001