bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey of workplace bullying of psychiatric trainees in the West Midlands
Authors: Hoosen Imthiaz A. , Callaghan Rhiannon 
Published: June 2004

Aims and MethodA postal survey was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of bullying behaviour experienced by psychiatric trainees in the West Midlands. Questionnaires were sent to 232 junior doctors, 76% of whom responded.ResultsIn the preceding year, 47% of trainees had experienced one or more bullying behaviours. Only 46% reported that they knew whom to contact if they were bullied. Foreign doctors were significantly less likely to take action when bullied than local doctors.Clinical ImplicationsWorkplace bullying is commonly experienced by psychiatric trainees and other junior doctors in the National Health Service. This behaviour could have adverse effects for both the individual and the employer. To tackle this problem, awareness needs to be raised, and action is required at a number of levels.
Antiapoptotic Effects of Leptin in Human Neuroblastoma Cells
Authors: Russo V. C. , Metaxas S. , Kobayashi K. , Harris M. , Werther G. A. 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
Many factors regulate nervous system development, including complex cross-talk between local neuroendocrine systems. The adipocyte-secreted hormone leptin, mainly known for its key roles in nutrition and reproductive balance, may also be involved in neuroanatomical organization, myelination processes, and neuronal/glia maturation. SK-N-SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were employed as an in vitro model of human neuronal cells to determine whether leptin exerts neuroprotective activities. We show that SH-SY5Y cells express leptin, the long and short isoforms of the leptin receptor (ObRl, ObRs). In SH-SY5Y cells, leptin induced signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 phosphorylation and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 mRNA expression. Leptin dose-dependently increased cell number (up to 200% at 1 μm by 48 h, P &lt; 0.01), and at 24–48 h, leptin at 100 nm increased SH-SY5Y cell number by 30–50%, respectively. SH-SY5Y cell viability was reduced in serum-free conditions at 24 h, and addition of leptin at 100 nm significantly reduced apoptosis by approximately 20% (P &lt; 0.001). Leptin’s antiapoptotic activity required Janus kinase/STAT, MAPK, and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activation because the antiapoptotic effects of leptin were abolished, and caspase-3 immunoreactivity increased in the presence of the specific blockers AG490, U0126, or LY294002. Gene array demonstrated that leptin inhibits apoptosis via potent down-regulation of caspase-10 and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. Our data thus demonstrate, for the first time, that leptin stimulates, in a time- and dose-dependent manner, neuroblastoma cell proliferation and that the underlying mechanisms involve suppression of apoptosis via the Janus kinase-STAT, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, and MAPK pathways that culminate altogether in the down-regulation of the apoptotic factors caspase-10 and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand.
Modulation of Ligand Selectivity Associated with Activation of the Transmembrane Region of the Human Follitropin Receptor
Authors: Montanelli Lucia , Van Durme Joost J. J. , Smits Guillaume , Bonomi Marco , Rodien Patrice , Devor Eric J. , Moffat-Wilson Kristin , Pardo Leonardo , Vassart Gilbert , Costagliola Sabine 
Published: June 2004

AbstractRecently, three naturally occurring mutations in the serpentine region of the FSH receptor (FSHr) (D567N and T449I/A) have been identified in three families with spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). All mutant receptors displayed abnormally high sensitivity to human chorionic gonadotropin and, in addition, D567N and T449A displayed concomitant increase in sensitivity to TSH and detectable constitutive activity. In the present study, we have used a combination of site-directed mutagenesis experiments and molecular modeling to explore the mechanisms responsible for the phenotype of the three OHSS FSHr mutants. Our results suggest that all mutations lead to weakening of interhelical locks between transmembrane helix (TM)-VI and TM-III, or TM-VI and TM-VII, which contributes to maintaining the receptor in the inactive state. They also indicate that broadening of the functional specificity of the mutant FSHr constructs is correlated to their increase in constitutive activity. This relation between basal activity and functional specificity is a characteristic of the FSHr, which is not shared by the other glycoprotein hormone receptors. It leads to the interesting suggestion that different pathways have been followed during primate evolution to avoid promiscuous stimulation of the TSHr and FSHr by human chorionic gonadotropin. In the hFSHr, specificity would be exerted both by the ectodomain and the serpentine portion.
Functional Rescue of the Constitutively Internalized V2 Vasopressin Receptor Mutant R137H by the Pharmacological Chaperone Action of SR49059
Authors: Bernier Virginie , Lagacé Monique , Lonergan Michèle , Arthus Marie-Françoise , Bichet Daniel G. , Bouvier Michel 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
In most cases, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus results from mutations in the V2 vasopressin receptor (V2R) gene that cause intracellular retention of improperly folded receptors. We previously reported that cell permeable V2R antagonists act as pharmacological chaperones that rescue folding, trafficking, and function of several V2R mutants. More recently, the vasopressin antagonist, SR49059, was found to be therapeutically active in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus patients. Three of the patients with positive responses harbored the mutation R137H, previously reported to lead to constitutive endocytosis. This raises the possibility that, instead of acting as a pharmacological chaperone by favoring proper maturation of the receptors, SR49059 could mediate its action on R137H V2R by preventing its endocytosis. Here we report that the β-arrestin-mediated constitutive endocytosis of R137H V2R is not affected by SR49059, indicating that the functional rescue observed does not result from a stabilization of the receptor at the cell surface. Moreover, metabolic labeling revealed that R137H V2R is also poorly processed to the mature form. SR49059 treatment significantly improved its maturation and cell surface targeting, indicating that the functional rescue of R137H V2Rs results from the pharmacological chaperone action of the antagonist.
Sperm-triggered [Ca2+] oscillations and Ca2+homeostasis in the mouse egg have an absolute requirement for mitochondrial ATP production
Authors: Dumollard Rémi , Marangos Petros , Fitzharris Greg , Swann Karl , Duchen Michael , Carroll John 
Published: June 2004

At fertilisation, repetitive increases in the intracellular Ca2+concentration, [Ca2+]i, drive the completion of meiosis and initiate the development of the quiescent egg into an embryo. Although the requirement for an ATP supply is evident, the relative roles of potential ATP sources remains unclear in the mammalian egg, and the specific role of mitochondria in [Ca2+]i regulation as well as in the sperm-triggered [Ca2+] oscillations is unknown.We have used fluorescence and luminescence imaging to investigate mitochondrial activity in single mouse eggs. Simultaneous imaging of mitochondrial redox state (NADH and flavoprotein autofluorescence) and[Ca2+]i revealed that sperm-triggered [Ca2+]oscillations are transmitted to the mitochondria where they directly stimulate mitochondrial activity. Inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation caused release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum because of local ATP depletion. Mitochondrial ATP production is an absolute requirement for maintaining a low resting [Ca2+]i and for sustaining sperm-triggered [Ca2+] oscillations. Luminescence measurements of intracellular [ATP] from single eggs confirmed that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is the major source of ATP synthesis in the dormant unfertilised egg. These observations show that a high local ATP consumption is balanced by mitochondrial ATP production, and that balance is critically poised. Mitochondrial ATP supply and demand are thus closely coupled in mouse eggs. As mitochondrial ATP generation is essential to sustain the[Ca2+] signals that are crucial to initiate development,mitochondrial integrity is clearly fundamental in sustaining fertility in mammalian eggs.
The nucleolus is involved in mRNA export from the nucleus in fission yeast
Authors: Ideue Takashi , Azad Abul Kalam , Yoshida Jun-ichi , Matsusaka Tadao , Yanagida Mitsuhiro , Ohshima Yasumi , Tani Tokio 
Published: June 2004

To elucidate the mechanism of mRNA export from the nucleus, we isolated five novel temperature-sensitive mutants (ptr7 to ptr11) that accumulate poly(A)+ RNA in the nuclei at the nonpermissive temperature in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Of those, the ptr11 mutation was found in the top2+ gene encoding DNA topoisomerase II. In addition to the nuclear accumulation of poly(A)+ RNA, ptr11 exhibited the cut (cell untimely torn) phenotype at the nonpermissive temperature, like the previously isolated mutant, ptr4. In these two mutants, cytokinesis occurred without prior nuclear division, resulting in cleavage of the undivided nuclei by the septum. To investigate the relationship between mRNA export defects and the cut phenotype observed in ptr4 and ptr11, we analyzed 11 other mutants displaying the cut phenotype and found that all these tested mutants accumulatepoly(A)+ mRNA in the aberrantly cleaved nuclei. Interestingly, nuclear accumulation of poly(A)+ mRNA was observed only in the anucleolate nuclei produced by aberrant cytokinesis. In addition, nuc1, the S. pombe mutant exhibiting a collapsed nucleolus, trapped poly(A)+ mRNA in the nucleolar region at the nonpermissive temperature. In ptr11 and nuc1, mRNA transcribed from the intron-containing TBP gene showed nuclear accumulation, but not transcripts from the intron-less TBP cDNA, suggesting that the export pathway differs between the spliced and unspliced TBP mRNAs. These findings support the notion that a subset of mRNAs in yeast is exported from the nucleus through transient association with the nucleolus.
Small Molecular Gelling Agents to Harden Organic Liquids: Trialkyl cis-1,3,5-Cyclohexanetricarboxamides
Authors: Hanabusa Kenji , Kawakami Atsushi , Kimura Mutsumi , Shirai Hirofusa 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
Trialkyl cis-1,3,5-cyclohexanetricarboxamides were able to cause physical gelation in organic liquids to afford completely transparent organogel. The main driving force for gelation was intermolecular hydrogen bonding between amides and van der Waals interaction among hydrophobic alkyl chains.
New Phase Transition Phenomena of DL-2-Amino Butanoic Acid-Water System and DL-Norleucine-Water System
Authors: Matsumoto Masayuki , Yajima Hirofumi , Tezuka Yoshihiko , Ishii Tadahiro , Takahashi Kazuyoshi , Asai Atsushi 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
DSC measurements of transition of DL-2-amino butanoic acid(DL-ABA) and of DL-norleucine(DL-NL) containing water were made. It was found that peak temperature obtained in transition of DL-ABA-water system was independent of water content and was 359 K compared with the B-A transition temperature, 506 K, whereas the peak temperature of DL-NL-water system was nearly equal to 390 K in solid-solid phase transition.
Novel Neutral Anion Ionophores Based on Fluorinated (Poly)Ether Compounds as a Sensory Molecule for an Ion-Selective Electrode
Authors: Siswanta Dwi , Takenaka Jun , Suzuki Takeshi , Sasakura Hideshi , Hisamoto Hideaki , Suzuki Koji 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
Novel neutral anion ionophores based on fluorinated (poly)ether compounds have been synthesized which were first obtained and applied as anion sensory molecules for an ion-selective electrode (ISE).
A Novel Silver-Silica Catalyst Used for the Manufacture of Formaldehyde
Authors: Dai Wei-Lin , Cao Yong , Li He-Xing , Deng Jing-Fa 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
Several novel silver-silica catalysts were prepared by means of sol-gel method, which exhibited high activity and selectivity in the catalytic oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde. The optimum content of silver was determined as 20%(w/w.), which showed 97% conversion and 85.5% yield of formaldehyde. Some other superiority of the as-prepared silver catalysts was observed by comparing with the commercial silver catalysts, including pumice-supported silver and electrolytic silver. XRD patterns reveal that silver is present as a crystalline state in the Ag-SiO2 catalysts.
29Si and 1H NMR of Expandable Mica Ion-exchanged by NH4+
Authors: Noma Hiroaki , Tateyama Hiroshi , Nishimura Satoshi , Inoue Kouzou 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
The 29Si-NMR chemical shift of expandable mica ion-exchanged by NH4+ changes from −95 to −99.5 ppm after heat-treatment at 600 °C, which indicates a change from the mica to a talc structure. The 1H static NMR spectrum of protons remaining in the structure after heating showed a sharp signal with a full width at half maximum of 0.8 kHz at 1.0 ppm, which suggests a rapid proton motion in the structure.
Direct Electrical Communication between the Redox Center of Glucose Oxidase and Electrode via Conductive Polypyrrole Matrix
Authors: Yamada Katsumi , Koizumi Hiroko , Ikeda Koji , Ohkatsu Yasukazu 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
A glucose oxidase (GOD) modified polypyrrole electrode was prepared by coelectropolymerization with unmodified pyrrole. Direct electrical communication between the redox center of GOD and the metal electrode via the conductive polypyrrole matrix was demonstrated using the electrode.
Formation of Singlet Oxygen Photosensitized by Aromatic Amino Acids in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Shimizu Okiyasu , Watanabe Jun , Imakubo Keiichi , Naito Shizuo 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
Spectral and kinetic evidences are provided for the formation of singlet oxygen photosensitized by aromatic amino acids in air-saturated water. Irradiation of these solutions at 266 nm induces infrared luminescence with a time-resolved spectrum peaking at 1270 nm and a lifetime characteristic of singlet oxygen. In the cases of tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine, the radiative lifetime are 3.3±0.1μs, 3.9±0.1μs and 3.7±0.1μs, respectively.
Spontaneous Formation of Giant Liposomes from Neutral Phospholipids
Authors: Magome Nobuyuki , Takemura Tatsunobu , Yoshikawa Kenichi 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
Giant liposomes were formed spontaneously from neutral phospholipids in an aqueous solution containing MgCl2. Based on both dark-field microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, we concluded that these giant liposomes are unilamellar.
Prediction of Selectivity Coefficients of Medicine Electrode Using Artificial Neural Networks and Partial Least Squares
Authors: Xing Wan-Li , Zhang Chun-Xun , He Xi-Wen 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
In this paper, the selectivity coefficient of ion selective electrode is first predicted by artificial neural networks (ANN) and partial least squares (PLS), with topological indices of the interference taken as inputs for these two chemometric techniques. The prediction results for ANN were better than that of PLS.
Electropolymerization of Two-Dimensional Polypyrrole with Fractal Patterns under a Mica
Authors: Shan Jingning , Yuan Chunwei , Zhang Haiqian 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
With the needle-circle elctrode configuration, two-dimensional(2-D) Polypyrrole(PPy) with a fractal pattern was electropolymerized under a mica which was set on the electrolyte solution surface. The mica serves as a sample of the induction substrate to support the growth of PPy. The results provide a new way to obtain 2-D PPy and have prospect in research and practice.
Molecular Self-Organization of Liquid Crystals through the Formation of Hydrogen-Bonded Networks among a Mesogenic Diol and Imidazoles
Authors: Kato Takashi , Kawakami Taihei 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
A new class of liquid-crystalline materials consisting of a mesogenic diol and imidazoles exhibits stable smectic liquid-crystalline phases by self-organization through the formation of hetero-intermolecular hydrogen-bonded networks.
Complexation and Crystallization of Rare Earth Salts in DEG and TEG
Authors: Ohno Hiroyuki , Saito Yoshihiro , Yamase Toshihiro 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
Solubility of a series of rare earth salts (LnCl3·6H2O; Ln=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er and Yb) was studied in diethylene glycol (DEG) and triethylene glycol (TEG). Almost all rare earth salts were dissolved in TEG and room temperature, and they were separated out as crystals by heating. Against this, their solubility in DEG depended on the atomic number (number of electrons in f-orbital). Crystals grew after heating in DEG. The crystal obtained from DEG solution of NdCl3·6H2O was analyzed with X-ray crystallography. It was anhydrous crystal and one Nd3+ cation was revealed to be solvated with nine oxygen atoms of three DEG molecules.
Preparation of Novel Biodegradable Polyampholyte: Partially Dicarboxylated Chitosan
Authors: Matsumura Shuichi , Yokochi Eiji , Winursito Isananto , Toshima Kazunobu 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
Amphoteric and biodegradable polycarboxylates having a varying amount of unreacted glucosamine moieties as the biologically active group as well as the biodegradable moiety were prepared by the partial oxidation of chitosan using sodium periodate at pH 3.0 followed by oxidation with sodium chlorite. Partially dicarboxylated chitosan containing more than about 50% unreached glucosamine residue showed good biodegradation using activated sludge for 28 days.
Size Growth Factor in the Process of Vesicle Formation from Phospholipid-Detergent Mixed Micelles
Authors: Ueno Masaharu , Kashiwagi Hiroshi , Hirota Noriko 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
Small unilamellar vesicles (SUV*) appeared in the transition region were reproduced by adding proper amount of detergent to SUV prepared by ultrasonication. It was found that SUV* are fusible to grow their size time-dependently resulting in formation of large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) if octylglucoside was used as a detergent, but are not if sodium cholate was used. On the basis above results it was discussed that post-vesiculation size growth is a crucial factor to regulate vesicle size in the process of vesicle formation from detergent-phospholipid mixed micelles.
Thermosensitive Copolymers of N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide and Alkyl Methacrylates
Authors: Sugiyama Kazuo , Mitsuno Satoshi , Yasufuku Yoshihiro , Shiraishi Kohei 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
The aqueous solution of copolymers of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) and alkyl methacrylate (RMA, alkyl : methyl or butyl) with molar ratio of RMA more than 0.08 was found to exhibit the LCST though no phase transition occurred for the case of the homopolymer of HPMA.
1,4-Asymmetric Induction in Palladium(II)-catalyzed Intramolecular N-Alkylation Reaction. Construction of 2-Functionalized 5- Hydroxypiperidine
Authors: Hirai Yoshiro , Shibuya Kaori , Fukuda Yoko , Yokoyama Hajime , Yamaguchi Seiji 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
Palladium(II)-catalyzed cyclization of optically active urethanes containing an allylic alcohol moiety was examined. Efficient 1,4-asymmetric induction was found in this reaction. The cycloadducts were converted to pseudoconhydrine.
Solvent-Dependent Quenching of the Lowest Excited Singlet State of 9,10-Dichloroanthracene by Ground-State 2,5-Dimethylhexa-2,4-diene Yielding 9-Chloroanthracene in Acetonitrile or the [4+2] Adduct in n-Heptane
Authors: Nakayama Toshihiro , Amijima Yutaka , Miki Sadao , Hamanoue Kumao 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
In acetonitrile, an exciplex formed between the lowest excited singlet state (1DCA*) of 9,10-dichloroanthracene (DCA) and ground-state 2,5-dimethylhexa-2,4-diene (DMHD) generates the DCA radical anion as an intermediate for dechlorination of DCA yielding 9-chloroanthracene. In n-heptane, however, quenching of 1DCA* by DMHD forms no exciplex and a dibenzobicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene-type compound (the [4+2] adduct) is obtained as the final product.
Two Alkyl Resorcarenes as New Stationary Phases for Isomer Separation by GC
Authors: Zhang Hanbang , Ling Yun , Dai Rongji , Wen Yuxiu , Fu Ruonong , Gu Junling 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
Two resorcarene derivatives were synthesized and used as a new kind of capillary gas chromatography stationary phase. The results showed that they have high efficiency, medium polarity and excellent selectivity for isomers of industrial chemicals such as substituted benzenes. In the separation of naphthalene and analogs, the strong retention ability was observed. The thermal stability of the new stationary phases are approximately 240 °C.
Simultaneous Determination of Sodium(I) and Potassium(I) by Adsorption Voltammetry
Authors: Huang Hailan , Wang Lizeng , Ma Chengsong , Zhang Xiaoli , Liu Chengxia 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
In 0.05mol/dm3 tetrabutylammonium iodide (Dimethylformamide as solvent) buffer solution (pH=4.5), the reduction peaks of Na+ and K+ are very close. After dibenzo-18-crown-6 is added in, K+ may form complex with it. The complex can be reduced at the hanging mercury drop electrode, and gives a new reductive peak at −1.80 V which is more negative than the reductive peak of Na+. The peak current of the two peaks are proportional to the concentration of Na+ and K+ in the range of 1.0×10−8∼1.0×10−6 mol/dm3 and 2.0×10−9∼4.0×10−6 mol/dm3 respectively. The detection limits are 5.0×10−9 mol/dm3 and 6.0×10−10 mol/dm3 separately. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of Na+ and K+ content in banana and its peel.
First Total Synthesis of (+)-Caparratriene
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Zuosheng , Lan Jiong , Li Yulin 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
Caparratriene (1), a new sesquiterpene hydrocarbon with significant growth inhibitory activity against CEM leukemia cells, was first synthesized starting from (R)–(+)–citronellal through 3 steps in an overall yield of 17.5%. The absolute configuration at C7 was determined as R.
Selective Oxidation of Toluene over the Ultrafine Composite Molybdenum-Cerium Oxide Particles
Authors: Fan Yining , Kuang Wenxing , Chen Yi 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
The ultrafine composite Mo-Ce oxide particles exhibit higher catalytic activity for selective oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde than the corresponding large oxide particles prepared by conventional precipitation method, which can be correlated to the higher reactivity of lattice oxygen ions in the ultrafine oxide particles.
μSR of the Organic Radical Ferromagnet, 4-(p-Chlorobenzylideneamino)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yloxyl
Authors: Imachi Ron , Ishida Takayuki , Nogami Takashi , Ohira Seiko , Nishiyama Kusuo , Nagamine Kanetada 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
The presence of spontaneous magnetization in the crystal of the title radical below the Curie temperature (TC) was confirmed by means of zero-field muon spin rotation and relaxation measurements. The TC was determined to be 0.28 K. A critical magnetization exponent suggested the 3-dimensional ordering of the radical spins.
Pinacolic Coupling of Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds Using Zn Powder in Aqueous Basic Media without Organic Solvents
Authors: Tsukinoki Takehito , Kawaji Takatoshi , Hashimoto Iwao , Mataka Shuntaro , Tashiro Masashi 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
Treatment of aromatic carbonyl compounds with Zn powder in 10% aq NaOH solution without using any organic solvents under the mild conditions afforded the corresponding 1,2-diols in good yields.
Effective Catalysts for Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones and Imines by Propan-2-ol : Ruthenium-Hydride or Ruthenium-Dihydride Complexes
Authors: Mizushima Eiichiro , Yamaguchi Motowo , Yamagishi Takamichi 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
The ruthenium-hydride complexes, [RuHCl(PPh3)3] and [RuH2(PPh3)4] act as very active catalyst for transfer hydrogenation of ketones and imines by propan-2-ol. The ruthenium-dihydride complex, [RuH2(PPh3)4], could catalyze the transfer hydrogenation without base.