bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Salt Concentration on Three Cultivars of Gerbera jamesonii
Authors: Al-Saedi Noora J. J. , Al-Ameri Lamiaa K. J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The research was carried out in the laboratory for plant tissue culture, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, in 2021. First, Four Explants (seeds, roots, shoot-tips, and clumps), which were laboratory germinated from seeds of Gerbera jamesonii cultivars (red, white, and orange), were cultured after sterilizing with five concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, and 50%) of bleach containing 6 % of sodium hypochlorite NaOCl to investigate the best concentration of the bleach, as well as the best Explant to be used for multiplication. Second, according to the results of the sterilization experiment, shoot tips were cultured in media containing the growth regulators NAA at four concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5ppm) and BA at four concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3 ppm) to find the best combination for obtaining the best result. The treatment BA3 NAA0.5 was superior, producing the highest number of leaves (37.2, 36.9, and 28.1) in the three cultivars (red, white, and orange, respectively). Third, four salt concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM) of NaCl were added to the culture media to investigate the plant salt tolerance. Results showed a decline in the number of leaves, as well as the weight of both fresh and dry leaves, affected by the salt concentration increase of all the three studied cultivars; however, the white cultivar was superior in tolerating salt compared to the other two cultivars.
Effect of Spraying with Coconut Liquid and Yeast Extract on Vegetative Growth Traits of Citrus rootstock (Citrus aurantium and Volkameriana)
Authors: Al-Muhanna Hawra Fayez , Al-Rubaei Susan Mohammed , Hassan Manar Abd Falhe 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in the plant canopy at Horticulture and Landscape Department, College of Agriculture / University of Kerbala, Iraq for the period from mid-February to the end of June 2023 using Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) as a factorial experiment with three factors: citrus rootstock (Citrus aurantium and Volkameriana) and coconut liquid extract with three concentrations of (0, 100, 200) ml L-1 and dry yeast extract in three concentrations (0, 4, 8) g L-1 and with three replications. The most important results indicated the superiority of the Volkameriana rootstock in most of the studied growth characteristics (plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot dry weight), while the treatment of coconut liquid 200 ml L-1, as well as the treatment of dry yeast extract with a concentration of 8 g L-1 achieved a significant superiority for the above studied traits and gave the highest rates. The two-way interaction treatment between (rootstock and coconut liquid) and (rootstock + dry yeast extract) not a significant, as for and (coconut liquid 200 ml L-1 + dry yeast extract at a concentration of 8 g L-1) achieved the highest rates in most of the studied traits. The triple interaction treatment (Volkameriana rootstock + coconut liquid 200 ml L-1 + dry yeast extract at a concentration of 8 g L-1) achieved significant superiority in most of the studied growth characteristics (seedling height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot dry weight). While the triple overlap treatment (Citrus aurantium + coconut liquid 200 ml L-1 + dry yeast extract at concentration of 8 g L-1) achieved the highest rate of relative moisture content of the leaves, as it gave the highest rates (38.833 cm, 4.2033 mm, 78.667 leaves seedlings-1, 2398.67 cm2, 37.863 g seedlings-1) (70.3 15%, respectively.
Chemical Response of Citrus Rootstocks to Spraying with Coconut Liquid and Dry Yeast Extract
Authors: Al-Muhanna Hawra Fayez , Al-Rubaei Susan Mohammed , Hassan Manar Abd Falhe 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in the plant canopy at Horticulture and Landscape Department, College of Agriculture / University of Kerbala, Iraq for the period from mid-February to the end of June 2023 using Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) as a factorial experiment with three factors: citrus rootstock (Citrus aurantium and Volkameriana) and coconut liquid extract with three concentrations of (0, 100, 200) ml L-1 and dry yeast extract in three concentrations (0, 4, 8) g L-1 and with three replications. The most important results indicated the superiority of the Volkameriana rootstock in most of the studied growth characteristics (N %, P%, K%, carbohydrate %, chlorophyll content), while the treatment of coconut liquid 200 ml L-1, as well as the treatment of dry yeast extract with a concentration of 8 g L-1 achieved a significant superiority for the above studied traits and gave the highest rates. The two-way interaction treatment between (Volkameriana rootstock + coconut liquid 200 ml L-1) and (Volkameriana rootstock + dry yeast extract at a concentration of 8 g L-1) and (coconut liquid 200 ml L-1 + dry yeast extract at a concentration of 8 g L-1) achieved the highest rates in all of the studied traits. The triple interaction treatment (Volkameriana rootstock + coconut liquid 200 ml L-1 + dry yeast extract at a concentration of 8 g L-1) achieved significant superiority in all the studied growth characteristics (N %, P %, K %, carbohydrate content, and leaf chlorophyll content), as it gave the highest rates of (2.1117%, 0.6867%, 1.9700%, 19.9570%, 4.999 mg. fresh weight-1) respectively.
The Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Moringa Leaves Extract on the Content of some Compounds and Nutrients in Olive Leaves
Authors: Mohammed Huda M. , Ismaeal Ali A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study was Conducted in the Orchard of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering at the College of Agriculture-University of Anbar for the season 2021-2022 on Olive Trees, cv. K18, at the age of 8 years, to find out the effect of adding Organic fertilizer at levels H0 without addition and H1, adding Humic acid at a Concentration of 10 g L-1 and H2, adding poultry waste at a level of 8 kg Tree-1 and the addition of NPK in three Concentrations N0 without addition and N1 concentration of 50g Tree-1 and N2 Concentration of 100g Tree-1 and spraying with Moringa Leaves extract with two concentrations M0 without spraying and M1 spraying with a concentration of 4% in the Content of Olive tree Leaves of some compounds and nutrients. A factorial experiment was carried out according to the Randomized Complete Block Design RCBD with three Replications. The results showed the significant superiority of the Treatment of adding poultry waste at the level of 8kg Tree-1 in the Leaves Content of Total Phenols 105.59%, Phenol Oleuropein 92.03%, Nitrogen 1.585%, Phosphorus 0.119%, Potassium 0.831% and Magnesium 0.234%. and Calcium amounted to 1.239%, and the Treatment of adding Chemical fertilizer with a concentration of 100g Tree-1 excelled in all studied traits. As for spraying with Moringa Leaves extract, there were significant differences in the Leaves’ Content of compounds and nutrients. As for the binary and triple interactions between the study factors, they were There are significant differences in most of the studied traits.
Response of Pomegranate Trees to Herd Manure Addition and Spraying with Fulvic Acid and Brassinolide
Authors: Assi Nooruldeen N. , Zahwan Thamer Abdullah 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This experiment was conducted on “Salemy” pomegranate cultivar, ten years old, in two private orchards in Tikrit, village of Albu Hayaa’a, and governorate of Kirkuk - Hawija district, village of Suleiman al-Gharb, for agricultural season 2022, to study the effects of adding herd waste, fulvic acid spraying, and growth regulator Brassinolide on vegetative growth, yield, leaves, and kernels’ nutrient content. The experiment was applied with three factors; first factor is addition of herd waste (O) and in three levels is without the addition of (O0) and addition of 5 kg.tree-1 (O5) and addition of 10 kg.tree-1 (O10), second factor is spraying fulvic acid (F) with two concentrations, without spraying (F0) and a concentration of 4 g.L-1 (F4), and third factor is spraying with three concentrations of plant growth regulator brassinolide (B), without spraying (B0) and 0.15 mg.L-1 (B0.15) and a concentration of 0.3 mg.L-1 (B0.3). The treatments were designed as a factorial experiment according to randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three replications and one tree for one experimental unit. The experimental results showed that herd manure fertilizers at 10 kg.Tree-1(O10) significantly increased in shoot length of 55.44 and 72.47 cm, highest leaf area of 6.28 and 7.55 cm2, leaf nitrogen content of 1.522 and 1.594 % and highest leaf phosphor content of 0.357 and 0.430 %, for locations of Tikrit and Hawija, respectively. Results also showed that fulvic acid spray especially at 4 g.L-1 (F4), showed significant superiority in increased in shoot length of 54.97 and 69.23 cm, leaf area of 6.21 and 7.24 cm2, leaf nitrogen content of 1.516 and 1.596 % and leaf phosphor content of 0.351 and 0.412 % for locations of Tikrit and Hawija, respectively. Brassinolide spray also affected, especially spraying at 0.3 mg.L-1 and gave highest increasing of shoot length of 54.84 and 73.73 cm, highest leaf area of 6.19 and 7.78 cm2, leaf nitrogen content of 1.547 and 1.627 % and highest leaf phosphor content of 0.377 and 0.439 % for locations of Tikrit and Hawija, respectively. Twice and triple interactions between study factors had a significant effect in these traits.
The Antibacterial Activity of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Tribulus terrestris Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Aldujaily Ali Hussein , Hatem Abdulameer Abid , Hassoon Kifah Fadhil 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The current study’s goal is to employ Tribulus terrestris aqueous floral extracts to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and test their antibacterial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) isolated from otitis externa in dogs. Biological nanoparticle synthesis is gaining popularity over chemical and physical processes due to its cost-efficiency and environmental friendliness. Silver nanoparticles were made by mixing Tribulus terrestris plant extract with 1 mM silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution (AgNPs). UV-Visible spectrophotometry revealed the biosynthetic nanoparticles’ maximum absorbance peak at wave lengths (410nm). The SEM was spherical and homogenous in shape, with a size range of 20 to 25 nm. The XRD indicated that the size of AgNPs was 50.21 nm. EDS was utilized to determine the presence of silver element. The AFM revealed the three-dimensional structure of silver nanoparticles with a diameter of 60.17 nm on average. The Zeta potential of the particle size analyzer was 45 mV. It was observed that as the concentration of AgNPs Increased, so did the size of the inhibition zone; (150μg/ml) exhibited a larger inhibition zone (32mm) than when using concentrations of 100μg/ml, 50μg/ml, and 25μg/ml, respectively. In conclusion, biosynthesized AgNPs generated from Tribulus terrestris demonstrate potent antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from otitis externa in dogs.
The Combined Effect of Bio-Stimulants and Antioxidants on The Qualitative, Chemical Characteristics on Essential Oil of Soybean
Authors: Al –Fahdawi Sura A. , Mustafa Sala B. Ismael 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in 2022 at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriyah, with the aim of determination of the amount of bio-stimulants and antioxidants to produce the best chemical content of oil with a good percentage of protein in comparison with the seed yield, oil, antioxidant compounds, and oxidative activity of soybean seeds. The experiment was conducted according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors and their interactions, and three replicates. The first factor included three levels of bio-stimulants (without spraying, 2 g L-1 humic acid, and 2 g L-1 folic acid), while the second factor included three levels of antioxidants (without spraying, 100 mg L-1 ascorbic acid, and 100 mg L-1 glutathione acid). Both factors were sprayed on the vegetative growth after one month of planting, and after one month of the first spray, during branch initiation stage, and at 50% flowering stage. The results showed that treatment with 2 g L-1 folic acid was superior in protein ratio (27.10%), total antioxidant capacity (42.90%), inhibition of free radicals (9.69%), and seed content of flavonoids (24.93 mg kg-1 dry weight). Antioxidants also affected most of the measured traits, especially 100 mg L-1 glutathione acid, which showed an increase in protein percent (25.51%), total antioxidant capacity (30.14%), inhibition of free radicals (8.40%), and flavonoid content (21.45 mg kg-1 dry weight). The combined treatment of 2 g L-1 folic acid and 100 mg L-1 glutathione acid was significant in protein ratio (27.34%), percentage of inhibition of free radicals (9.90%), total antioxidant capacity (55.00%), seed content of flavonoids (43.30 mg kg-1 dry weight), and in increasing the percentage of the effective area of the essential oil compounds, as determined by GC-MS analysis.
Effect of Individual and Synergistic Addition of Moringa Oliveira Seeds and Leaves Powder to Broiler Diets in some Physiological and Microbial Traits and Oxidation Indicators
Authors: Al-Khafaji M. S. L. , Al-Hammed S. A. M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted at the poultry farm\Abu Ghraib, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, for the period from 12-10-2022 to 22-11-2022 for 42 days to study the effect of individual and synergistic addition of Moringa oleifera seeds and leaves powder to broiler diets on some physiological and microbial traits. 210 commercial broiler chicks (Ross-308) one day old unsexed, randomly distributed to seven treatments with three replicates 10 birds each replicate and the treatments were contained: T1 (control treatment) without additive, T2: 1% seeds powder, T3: 2% seeds powder, T4: 1% leaves powder, T5: 2% leaves powder, T6: 0.5% seeds powder + 0.5 leaves powder, T7: 1% seeds powder + 1% leaves powder. The results indicated that no significant differences appeared between all the parameters in the biochemical characteristics of blood lipids, while the addition treatments recorded a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the value of peroxide (P.V) and in the value of malondialdehyde (MDA) and free fatty acids (FFA) in the liver compared to the control treatment. As well as a significant increase (P≤0.05) was observed for the numbers of beneficial bacteria for the T5 bird group compared to the control treatment, T5 recorded a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the numbers of harmful bacteria compared to the control treatment. It can be concluded that adding individually and synergistically Moringa oleifera seeds and leaves powder to broiler diets improves some of the immune and microbial traits.
Effect of Lycopene Compared to Vitamin C Added to Diets of Broilers Exposed to Stress and Its Impact on Physiological Performance
Authors: Muhammed Rusol Jamal , Shanoun Ammar Qahtan , Mustafa Nidhal Abdulghani 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
From July 20, 2022, to August 24, 2022, this study was done in the chicken grounds of Kosar chicken Company - Erbil. The experiment lasted for 65 days (35 field days and 30 lab days) and examined the effectiveness of lycopene and vitamin C at mitigating the negative effects of heat stress on productivity and health. for roasting. The Ross 308 broiler chicks utilized were one day old, sexless, and weighed 42 g each. The Kosar Poultry Company provided the chicks. These chicks were raised in a room with a mattress on the floor in 15-by-1-meter enclosures. Chicks were randomly assigned to one of five treatments, each with three replications and eight birds per replication, using sawdust with a thickness of 5 centimeters. The following experimental treatments were used, with repetitions spread randomly beginning on day one: Diet alone (T1) is the initial course of treatment. T2: 1 g of lycopene per kilogram of body weight. T3: 2 g of lycopene per kilogram of body weight. Fourth treatment (T4): 1 g of lycopene per kilogram of feed with 25 milligrams of vitamin C per kilogram of feed, in accordance with current recommendations. The results showed that the concentration of globulin and albumin in the addition treatments were significantly superior to the control treatment (P≤0.05), and this was especially true for the fifth treatment (T5), which was a mixture of lycopene at a rate of 2 g / kg with vitamin C according to the standard recommendations of 25 mg / kg of feed. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, and total protein levels all showed no statistically significant differences. When comparing the addition treatments to the control treatment, liver enzyme activity was found to be significantly lower in the addition treatments (P≤ 0.05).
Effect of Planting Dates on Yield Traits and Its Components for Genotypes of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Sabri Zahraa Abdul Rahman , Altaweel Mohammed Subhi , Al-Zubaidy Khalid Mohammed Dawod 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in the fields of the College of Agriculture and Forestry University of Mosul for the autumn season 2022-2023, and 10 genotypes were used, namely (DR-F-53, MA-F-53, H-4, DKC-F-59, IK-58, ZP-595, POL-F-6, SYM-F-53, MY-F-53 and SYN-F-54) and the experiment was a The Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) was used with three replicates and the first factor was the genotypes, which are (10) and the second factor is three dates, which are (July 23, August 30 and August 6), and the traits of studied (date of tasseling, date of silking, number of ears per plant, number of grains per ear, weight of 500 grains, single plant production). The results of the variance analysis table showed that the genotypes, dates and interaction between them were significant and for all traits. For the first factor of genotypes superior the genotype (9) for the traits of date of tasseling and silking and the weight of 500 grains and superiority of the genotype (1) for the traits of the number of grains per ear and the single plant production and for agricultural dates exceed the first date for the traits date of tasseling and the number of ears and the weight of 500 grains and the single plant production and the interaction the genotypes and agricultural dates superior the genotype (9) for the traits of male flowering and single plant production.
Antifugall Activity and Qualitative Phytochemical Investigation of Spirogyra Aequinoctialis Hexanic Extract in Iraq
Authors: Khaleel Thaer H. , Dwaish Ahmed S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The hexanic extract of the Chlorophyta macroalgae Spirogyra aequinoctialis was tested in vitro for its antifungal effects against several different Candida species at four different concentrations. The huge number of these macroalgae made them an obvious choice to promote environmentally friendly economic growth and resource exploitation. Since the macroalgae studied exhibited many antifungal properties, they may be of interest to programs looking to screen cheaper and safer alternatives to currently available natural antimicrobial agents. In comparison to the other algal extracts tested, the hexanic extract showed the most activity. However, not all algae extracts demonstrated detectable inhibitory activities, and a few even promoted the growth of certain fungi. Candida albicans was one of the fungal species examined, and its reactions to the algal extract ranged from positive to negative, depending on the particular fungal and algal species used, as well as the concentration of extract. Intriguingly, compared to the patented antifungal drugs (Nystatin and Clotrimazole), the antifungal potential of several algae extracts was significantly stronger. This study provides further evidence that a hexanic extract of the macroalgae Spirogyra aequinoctialis can be used as a source of antibacterial chemical and may provide a foundation for promising future applied research into the usage of algae.
Evaluation of the Productive Traits of Genotypes of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by the Effect of Seeding Rate
Authors: Sharqi Omer R. , Anees Ahmed H. A. , Ali Husham S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in the Tikrit Research Department - Agricultural Research Department - Ministry of Agriculture in the season 2021-2022 in order to know the effect of four seed rates (100, 120, 140 and 160 kg h-1) with fifteen genotypes of barley (Ibaa99, Alhadar, Alkheer, Alwarkaa, Buraq, Amal, Shuaa, Rehan, Samir, Arevate, Acsad 1811, Acsad 1816, Acsad 1818, Acsad 1827, Acsad 1840). The experiment was applied according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a split plot system, as the (S) occupied the main plots and the (G) occupied the secondary plots, with three replications,. The results showed that the seed rate (120 kg h-1) differed significantly from the other seed rates, thus achieving the best averages for the number of seeds of spike-1, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield, harvest index, and grain protein content, and achieved the seed rate 100 kg h-1 in giving the lowest lodging. The performance of the genotypes was significant, The cultivar Arevate also gave the highest average plant height, No. of tillers m-2, No. of spikes m-2, biological yield, The genotype Acsad 1840 gave the lowest index of lodging and the highest grain yield. The interaction between (G*S) achieved significant differences, It gave the seed rate 100 kg h-1 with the Acsad 1840 less lodging and with the Acsad 1816 had the highest number of tillers m-2 and with the Acsad 1811 the highest weight of 1000 seeds, The seed rate 120 kg h-1 with Alwarkaa cultivar achieved the highest number of grains in the spike, and with the combination Acsad 1816 the highest yield of grains, and with the genotype Acsad 1811 the highest percentage of protein in the seeds.
Effect Seed Soaking of Moringa Leaf Extract on Grain Yield and its Component of Three Bread Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Bunder Sura Jasim 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The experiment was carried out at Research Station of College of Agriculture Engineering University of Baghdad/AL-Jadiriya during 2022-2023 season to study the effect of seed soaking with Moringa leaf extract (MLE) on grain yield and its component of three bread wheat cultivars. A split-plots arrangement according to RCBD was used with three replications. The first factor was bread wheat cultivars (Rasheed, Buhooth 22, Buhooth 10) as a main plots, and the second factor was soaking of wheat seeds with three concentrations (1%, 3%, 5% in addition to 0% tap water as control) as sub-plots. The results showed that cultivar Rasheed gave highest means for number of spikes (388m-2), number of spikelets (23.49 spikelets spike-1), weight of 1000 grain (40.55 g), and grain yield (4.012 t h-1). In addition, the results showed that soak wheat seeds with 3% gave highest means for number of spikelets (23.08 spikelets spike-1), number of grains per spike (51.07 grains spikes-1), weight of 1000 grain (41.71g) and grain yield (4.255 t h-1). The interaction between cultivars and MLE concentrations it was significant in all studied traits except for the number of spikes.