bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Final results of the first phase of the PROTO-SPHERA experiment: obtainment of the full current stable screw pinch and first evidences of the jet + torus combined plasma configuration
Authors: MICOZZI Paolo , ALLADIO Franco , MANCUSO Alessandro , ZANZA Vincenzo , APRUZZESE Gerarda , BOMBARDA Francesca , BONCAGNI Luca , BURATTI Paolo , FILIPPI Francesco , TEKA Giuseppe GALATOLA , GIAMMANCO Francesco , GIOVANNOZZI Edmondo , GROSSO Andrea , IAFRATI Matteo , LAMPASI Alessandro , LAZIC Violeta , MAGAGNINO Simone , MANNORI Simone , MARSILI Paolo , PIERGOTTI Valerio , ROCCHI Giuliano , SIBIO Alessandro , TILIA Benedetto , TUDISCO Onofrio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In astrophysics, the boundary conditions for plasma phenomena are provided by nature and the astronomer faces the problem of understanding them from a variety of observations [Hester J J et al 1996 Astrophys. J.
456 225], on the other hand, in laboratory plasma experiments the electromagnetic boundary conditions become a major problem in the set-up of the machine that produces the plasma, an issue that has to be investigated step by step and to be modified and adapted with great patience, in particular in the case of an innovative plasma confinement experiment. The PROTO-SPHERA machine [Alladio F et al 2006 Nucl. Fusion
46 S613] is a magnetic confinement experiment, that emulates in the laboratory the jet + torus plasma configurations often observed in astrophysics: an inner magnetized jet of plasma centered on the (approximate) axis of symmetry and surrounded by a magnetized plasma torus orthogonal to this jet. The PROTO-SPHERA plasma is simply connected, i.e., no metal current conducting rod is linked to the plasma torus, while instead it is the inner magnetized plasma jet (in the following always called the plasma centerpost) that is linked to the torus. It is mandatory that no spurious plasma current path modifies the optimal shape of the plasma centerpost. Moreover, as the plasma torus is produced and sustained, in absence of any applied inductive electric field, by the inner plasma centerpost through magnetic reconnections [Taylor J B and Turner M F 1989 Nucl. Fusion
29 219], it is required as well that spurious current paths do not surround the torus on its outboard, in order not to lower the efficiency of the magnetic reconnections that maintain the plasma torus at the expense of the plasma centerpost. Boundary conditions have been corrected, up to the point that the first sustainment in steady state has been achieved for the combined plasma.
Experimental study on the effect of H2O and O2 on the degradation of SF6 by pulsed dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: LI 李 Yalong 亚龙 , WAN 万 Kun 昆 , WANG 王 Yufei 宇非 , ZHANG 张 Xiaoxing 晓星 , YANG 杨 Zhaodi 照迪 , FU 傅 Mingli 明利 , ZHUO 卓 Ran 然 , WANG 王 Dibo 邸博 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
SF6 has excellent insulation performance and arc extinguishing ability, and is widely used in the power industry. However, its global warming potential is about 23,500 times that of CO2, it can exist stably in the atmosphere, it is not easily degradable and is of great potential harm to the environment. Based on pulsed dielectric barrier discharge plasma technology, the effects of H2O and O2 on the degradation of SF6 were studied. Studies have shown that H2O can effectively promote the decomposition of SF6 and improve its degradation rate and energy efficiency of degradation. Under the action of a pulse input voltage and input frequency of 15 kV and 15 kHz, respectively, when H2O is added alone the effect of 1% H2O is the best, and the rate and energy efficiency of degradation of SF6 reach their maximum values, which are 91.9% and 8.25 g kWh−1, respectively. The synergistic effect of H2O and O2 on the degradation of SF6 was similar to that of H2O. When the concentration of H2O and O2 was 1%, the system obtained the best rate and energy efficiency of degradation, namely 89.7% and 8.05 g kWh−1, respectively. At the same time, different external gases exhibit different capabilities to regulate decomposition products. The addition of H2O can effectively improve the selectivity of SO2. Under the synergistic effect of H2O and O2, with increase in O2 concentration the degradation products gradually transformed into SO2F2. From the perspective of harmless treatment of the degradation products of SF6, the addition of O2 during the SF6 degradation process should be avoided.
Dynamic propagation velocity of a positive streamer in a 3 m air gap under lightning impulse voltage
Authors: LI 李 Zhiwei 志伟 , LEI 雷 Ting 挺 , SU 苏 Yu 宇 , YAO 姚 Xiuyuan 修远 , YANG 杨 Bingxue 冰雪 , LIU 刘 Delong 德龙 , LV 律 Fangcheng 方成 , DING 丁 Yujian 玉剑 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Streamers represent an important stage in the initiation of gap discharge. In this work, we used an eight-frame intensified charge-coupled device camera to capture the streamer development process when a lightning impulse voltage of 95%–100% U
50% was applied in a 3 m rod–plate gap and the streamer velocity was analyzed. Analysis of the observations shows that streamer velocity can be defined by three stages: rapid velocity decline (stage 1), rapid velocity rise (stage 2) and slow velocity decline (stage 3). The effects of electrode shape, applied voltage and gap breakdown or withstanding on streamer velocity were analyzed. The electrode with a larger radius of curvature will result in a higher initial velocity, and a higher voltage amplitude will cause the streamer to propagate faster at stage 3. Gap withstanding or breakdown has no obvious effect on streamer velocity. In addition, the experimental results are compared with previous results and the statistical characteristics of the primary streamer discharge are discussed.
Performance of pulsed plasma thruster at low discharge energy
Authors: LEE 李 Hong Chun 鸿俊 , LIM 林 Chie Haw 泽豪 , WOO 胡 Haw Jiunn 浩俊 , GOH 吴 Boon Tong 文东 , CHIN 陈 Oi Hoong 爱虹 , TOU 杜 Teck Yong 德扬 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the size of satellites scales down, low-power and compact propulsion systems such as the pulsed plasma thruster (PPT) are needed for stabilizing these miniature satellites in orbit. Most PPT systems are operated at 2 J or more of discharge energy. In this work, the performance of a PPT with a side-fed, tongue-flared electrode configuration operated within a lower discharge energy range of 0.5‒2.5 J has been investigated. Ablation and charring of the polytetrafluoroethylene propellant surface were analyzed through field-effect scanning electron microscopy imaging and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. When the discharge energy fell below 2 J, inconsistencies occurred in the specific impulse and the thrust efficiency due to the measurement of the low mass bit. At energy

2 J, the performance parameters are compared with other PPT systems of similar configuration and discussed in depth.
Laser-induced plasma formation in water with up to 400 mJ double-pulse LIBS
Authors: HENKEL Marion , SIEMENS Michelle , METHLING Ralf , EMDE Benjamin , HERMSDORF Jörg , FRANKE Steffen , GONZALEZ Diego 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Double-pulse LIBS is a promising technique for deep-sea applications. LIBS measurements in shallow water with up to 400 mJ each pulse were done to select laser parameters which promote optimized spectral line emission from plasma even at elevated pressures, where line broadening until loss of most of the spectral information can occur. Optical emission spectroscopy, using a Czerny-Turner spectrometer, has been applied to investigate the dependence of the emitted radiation on laser parameters and hydrostatic pressure. It has been found, that higher laser pulse energies, especially with short pulse delay as required in high water pressure, can also have an adverse effect on the measured spectrum.
Theoretically predicting the solubility of polydisperse polymers using Flory–Huggins theory
Authors: van Leuken Stijn H M , van Benthem Rolf A T M , Tuinier Remco , Vis Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Polydispersity affects physical properties of polymeric materials, such as solubility in solvents. Most biobased, synthetic, recycled, mixed, copolymerized, and self-assembled polymers vary in size and chemical structure. Using solvent fractionation, this variety in molecular features can be reduced and a selection of the sizes and molecular features of the polymers can be made. The significant chemical and physical dispersity of these polymers, however, complicates theoretical solubility predictions. A theoretical description of the fractionation process can guide experiments and material design. During solvent fractioning of polymers, a part of the polydisperse distribution of the polymers dissolves. To describe this process, this paper presents a theoretical tool using Flory–Huggins theory combined with molecular mass distributions and distributions in the number of functional groups. This paper quantifies how chemical and physical polydispersity of polymers affects their solubility. Comparison of theoretical predictions with experimental measurements of lignin in a mixture of solvents shows that multiple molecular features can be described well using a single set of parameters, giving a tool to theoretically predict the selective solubility of polymers.
Correlation between charpy-V notch impact energy and KJIC of ferrite ductile iron in the transition-temperature region
Authors: Wang Zekun , Wang Wenjie , Sun Zhiren , Zhou Zhou , Zhang Kai , Ma Li , Wang Yuwei , Yang Sen , Huang Zherong , Wang Kaikun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Fracture toughness is an important index for the structural integrity assessment of ductile iron spent fuel transportation casks. Fracture toughness tests require a long test period, high cost, and difficult operation. Therefore, the Charpy V-notch impact energy value (KV) is considered to predict fracture toughness (KJIC).In this study, Charpy V-notch impact tests(−80 °C, −60 °C, −40 °C, −20 °C, 0 °C, 20 °C, 40 °C, 60 °C, 80 °C) and fracture toughness tests(−60 °C, −40 °C, −20 °C, 0 °C, 20 °C) of ferrite ductile iron(FDI) were carried out. A KJIC-KV model for FDI in the transition temperature region was proposed, taking into consideration the influence of test temperature(T) and yield strength(σ
YS), then the proposed model was compared to the KIC-KV empirical equations of steel in the transition-temperature region, using the test data of FDI. The results indicate that the KJIC-KV model proposed in this work is more accurate and applicable for predicting fracture toughness values in the transition-temperature region than others, the residual between the estimated value of the KJIC-KV correlation model (KJIC-E) and the experimental value of KJIC(KJIC-T) was less than 4.1 MPa·m0.5, and the error was less than 5%.
A machine learning model for the prediction of unhealthy alcohol use among women of childbearing age in Alabama
Authors: Johnson Karen A , McDaniel Justin T , Okine Joana , Graham Heather K , Robertson Ellen T , McIntosh Shanna , Wallace Juliane , Albright David L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction: This study utilizes a machine learning model to predict unhealthy alcohol use treatment levels among women of childbearing age. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, women of childbearing age (n = 2397) were screened for alcohol use over a 2-year period as part of the AL-SBIRT (screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment in Alabama) program in three healthcare settings across Alabama for unhealthy alcohol use severity and depression. A support vector machine learning model was estimated to predict unhealthy alcohol use scores based on depression score and age. Results: The machine learning model was effective in predicting no intervention among patients with lower Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-2 scores of any age, but a brief intervention among younger patients (aged 18–27 years) with PHQ-2 scores &gt;3 and a referral to treatment for unhealthy alcohol use among older patients (between the ages of 25 and 50) with PHQ-2 scores &gt;4. Conclusions: The machine learning model can be an effective tool in predicting unhealthy alcohol use treatment levels and approaches.
Biological inhibition of denitrification (BDI): an early plant strategy for Fallopia × bohemica seedling development
Authors: Cantarel Amélie A M , Signoret Aymeric , Gervaix Jonathan , Beligon Chiquitta , Béraud Cédric , Boisselet Christelle , Creuzé des Châtelliers Charline , Defour Pauline , Delort Abigaïl , Lacroix Elise , Lobreau Clément , Louvez Enzo , Marais Coralie , Simonin Marie , Piola Florence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
The successful plant Fallopia × bohemica presents interesting capacities for control of the soil nitrogen cycle at the adult stage, termed biological inhibition of denitrification (BDI). The BDI strategy allows the plant, via the production of secondary metabolites (procyanidins), to compete with the denitrifying microbial community and to divert nitrate from the soil for its benefit. In this study, we analysed whether seedlings of F. × bohemica can implement BDI at the seedling stage. We also determined whether soil nitrogen availability influences the implementation of BDI and seedling growth.

Methods
We sowed achenes of F. × bohemica in soils representing a nitrogen gradient (six treatments) and harvested seedlings after 20 or 40 days of growth. The denitrification and related microbial communities (i.e. functional gene abundances of nirK and nirS), soil parameters (nitrate content and humidity) and plant performance (biomass, growth and root morphology) were determined.

Key Results
On soil without addition of nitrogen, BDI was observed after 20 days of growth, whereas a stimulation of denitrification was found after 40 days. The increase of soil N content had few effects on the activity and structure of the soil denitrifying community and on the plant biomasses or the relative growth rates. Correlations between plant and microbial parameters were observed after 20 days of growth, reflecting early and strong chemical interactions between plants and the denitrifying community, which decreased with plant growth after 40 days.

Conclusions
This study shows that an early BDI enhances the efficiency of nitrogen acquisition in the first weeks of growth, allowing for a conservative root strategy after 40 days. This switch to a conservative strategy involved resource storage, an altered allocation to above- and below-ground parts and an investment in fine roots. It now seems clear that this storage strategy starts at a very young age with early establishment of BDI, giving this clonal plant exceptional capacities for storage and multiplication.
The relationship between wing morphology and foraging guilds: exploring the evolution of wing ecomorphs in bats
Authors: Ospina-Garcés Sandra M , Zamora-Gutierrez Veronica , Lara-Delgado Juan Manuel , Morelos-Martínez Mercedes , Ávila-Flores Rafael , Kurali Anikó , Ortega Jorge , Selem-Salas Celia Isela , MacSwiney G. M Cristina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Different aspects of foraging strategies in bats have been studied to understand the evolution of flight in mammals. General descriptors of wing morphology associated with flight performance, such as aspect ratio and wing loading, allowed us to describe ecomorphs determined by the dietary preferences of bat species. However, the role of wing shape divergence in the evolution of bat foraging strategies remains little explored. We adopted a two-dimensional geometric morphometric approach to quantify the wing shape and size variation explained by phylogenetic relatedness (families) and to evaluate the covariance between foraging guilds and flight descriptors based on phylogenetic comparative methods in 69 Neotropical bat species. We tested whether wing morphology represents a reliable marker of the foraging guild, and we explored the rate of shape evolution among foraging guilds to describe divergent trends that could explain the morphological and ecological diversification. Our results suggest that the earliest bat ancestor was an aerial forager occupying the edge space, which is congruent with the observed evolution of wing shape from an edge space wing morphology. The relationship between wing shape and foraging space defines wing ecomorphs, which probably evolved early in bat ancestors; a process other than convergence could explain this association.
Discretion and Strategies for Investigating Child Abuse: Social Workers’ Conceptions of Child Abuse Investigations and Police Reporting
Authors: Quarles van Ufford Sara , Heimer Maria , Schön Ulla-Karin , Linell Hanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Understanding the capacity of child welfare (CW) organisations to deal with child abuse is complex, and dependent on the specific CW context. Sweden occupies a unique position in trying to balance high demands for CW and protection with a strong family support focus, which carries a risk of overlooking children who need protection. Drawing on an understanding of social service organisations as street-level bureaucracies, this article explores discretion in child abuse cases by examining conditions affecting discretion and strategies for investigating child abuse, including police reporting. Thematic analysis of interviews with Swedish supervising social workers showed that staff’s conceptions of the CW system influenced the exercise of discretion, leading to different strategies for dealing with child abuse. This resulted in different practices and potentially unequal access to child protection and support, highlighting the wide margin of discretion. This article concludes that the interplay between knowledge and governance is central to equal child protection. This article contributes to the discussion of discretion in CW organisations by underlining the importance of being particularly vigilant about discretion when both children and parents are considered clients, as the child risks being lost as a subject with individual needs and rights.
Immunotherapy in the context of immune-specialized environment of brain metastases
Authors: James Fiona , Lorger Mihaela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Brain metastases (BrM) develop in 20–40% of patients with advanced cancer. They mainly originate from lung cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, and renal cell carcinoma, and are associated with a poor prognosis. While patients with BrM traditionally lack effective treatment options, immunotherapy is increasingly gaining in importance in this group of patients, with clinical trials in the past decade demonstrating the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint blockade in BrM originating from specific tumor types, foremost melanoma. The brain is an immune-specialized environment with several unique molecular, cellular, and anatomical features that affect immune responses, including those against tumors. In this review we discuss the potential role that some of these unique characteristics may play in the efficacy of immunotherapy, mainly focusing on the lymphatic drainage in the brain and the role of systemic anti-tumor immunity that develops due to the presence of concurrent extracranial disease in addition to BrM.
RETRACTED: Exercise pulmonary hypertension by the mPAP/CO slope in primary mitral regurgitation
Authors: Dhont Sebastiaan , Stassen Jan , Herbots Lieven , Hoedemakers Sarah , Bekhuis Youri , Jasaityte Ruta , Stroobants Sarah , Petit Thibault , Bakelants Elise , Falter Maarten , Ferreira Sara Moura , Claessen Guido , Nijst Petra , Vandervoort Pieter M , Bertrand Philippe B , Verwerft Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article has been retracted. Please see: https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jeaf016
Lack of incremental value of three-dimensional measurement in assessing invasiveness for lung cancer
Authors: Wang Meng-Min , Li Jia-Qi , Dou Shi-Hua , Li Hong-Ji , Qiu Zhen-Bin , Zhang Chao , Yang Xiong-Wen , Zhang Jia-Tao , Qiu Xin-Hua , Xie Hong-Sheng , Tang Wen-Fang , Cheng Mei-Ling , Yan Hong-Hong , Yang Xue-Ning , Wu Yi-Long , Zhang Xue-Gong , Yang Lin , Zhong Wen-Zhao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of consolidation-to-tumour ratio (CTR) and the radiomic models in two- and three-dimensional modalities for assessing radiological invasiveness in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.

METHODS
A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma from Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Shenzhen People's Hospital. Manual delineation of pulmonary nodules along the boundary was performed on cross-sectional images to extract radiomic features. Clinicopathological characteristics and radiomic signatures were identified in both cohorts. CTR and radiomic score for every patient were calculated. The performance of CTR and radiomic models were tested and validated in the respective cohorts.

RESULTS
A total of 818 patients from Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital were included in the primary cohort, while 474 patients from Shenzhen People's Hospital constituted an independent validation cohort. Both CTR and radiomic score were identified as independent factors for predicting pathological invasiveness. CTR in two- and three-dimensional modalities exhibited comparable results with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves and were demonstrated in the validation cohort (area under the curve: 0.807 vs 0.826, P = 0.059) Furthermore, both CTR in two- and three-dimensional modalities was able to stratify patients with significant relapse-free survival (P &lt; 0.000 vs P &lt; 0.000) and overall survival (P = 0.003 vs P = 0.001). The radiomic models in two- and three-dimensional modalities demonstrated favourable discrimination and calibration in independent cohorts (P = 0.189).

CONCLUSIONS
Three-dimensional measurement provides no additional clinical benefit compared to two-dimensional.