bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved survival outcome with not-delayed radiotherapy and immediate PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor for non-small-cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases
Authors: Yu Yaner , Chen Haiyan , Tian Zhifeng , Zhang Qun , Shui Yongjie , Shen Li , Hu Qiongge , Huang Zhifei , Zhu Shuangqiu , Jiang Hao , Wei Qichun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the impact of radiotherapy (RT) and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) sequence on the survival outcome in NSCLC patients with brain metastasis, and decide the best time to initiate RT.

Methods
Patients were managed with delayed RT (ICI delivered over 2 weeks prior to RT), concurrent RT (ICI delivered within 2 weeks prior to or after RT), or upfront RT (RT delivered over 2 weeks prior to ICI). Overall survival (OS), intracranial local progression-free survival (iLPFS), and intracranial distant progression-free survival (iDPFS) were assessed. A meta-analysis was performed to analyze the association between survival outcome and RT/ICI sequence.

Results
A total of 73 NSCLC patients were identified with a median follow-up of 13.9 months. Patients who receive delayed RT demonstrated shorter iLPFS (P = 0.0029), iDPFS (P = 0.016), and OS (P < 0.001). A meta-analysis was conducted and a total of 4 studies, 254 patients were included. The HR was 0.44 for iDPFS (P = 0.03), 0.41 for OS (P < 0.01) when compared concurrent with delayed RT, 0.21 for iDPFS (P < 0.01), 0.32 for OS (P < 0.01) when compared upfront with delayed RT, consistent with our conclusion that delayed RT brought with worst iDPFS and OS. More importantly, the best overall response rate (BOR) decreased in cases with longer RT and ICI intervals. Patients who receive intervals of RT and ICI within 7 days achieve the best median BOR of − 53%.

Conclusions
Delayed RT brought poor survival outcomes including iLPFS, iDPFS, and OS in NSCLC patients. The shorter interval of RT and ICI is associated with better BOR.
Classifying and bounding geomagnetic storms based on the SYM-H and ASY-H indices
Authors: Collado-Villaverde Armando , Muñoz Pablo , Cid Consuelo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGeomagnetic storms, which are significant disturbances in Earth’s magnetic field, pose a natural hazard with potentially harmful effects on technological and electrical systems. Various indices such as Kp, Dst, and the newer SYM-H and ASY-H are used to measure storm intensity. However, there is no consensus among researchers regarding storm classification based on intensity and asymmetry for the SYM-H and ASY-H indices, as existing classifications mainly rely on the Dst and Kp indices. This study proposes a classification method based on the cumulative distribution function of the SYM-H and ASY-H indices, applying industry-wide percentiles to determine storm classes. Using percentiles and a superposed epoch analysis, storms are objectively classified based on intensity and occurrence probability. This classification approach has applications in storm forecasting and risk assessment.
Asymptotic behavior of a system of two coupled queues when the content of one queue is very high
Authors: Bruneel Herwig , Devos Arnaud 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe consider a system of two parallel discrete-time single-server queues, queue 1 and queue 2. The service time of any customer in either queue is equal to 1 time slot. Arrivals during consecutive slots occur independently from slot to slot. However, the arrival streams into both queues are possibly mutually interdependent, i.e., during any slot, the numbers of arrivals in queue 1 and queue 2 need not be statistically independent. Their joint probability generating function (pgf) A(x, y) fully characterizes the queueing model. As a consequence of the possible intra-slot correlation in the arrival process, the numbers of customers present (“system contents”) in queues 1 and 2, at any given slot boundary, are not necessarily independent either. In a previous paper, we have already discussed the mathematical difficulty of computing their steady-state joint pgf $$U(z_1,z_2)$$

U
(

z
1

,

z
2

)

; explicit closed-form results can only be obtained for specific choices of A(x, y). In this paper, we therefore look at the problem from an other angle. Specifically, we study the (asymptotic) conditional steady-state behavior of the system under the condition that the content of queue 1 is (temporarily) very high (goes to infinity). For ease of terminology, we refer to the system as the “asymptotic system” in these circumstances. We prove that the asymptotic system is nearly identical to the original (unconditional) system, but with a modified joint arrival pgf $$A^*(x,y)$$

A
∗

(
x
,
y
)

that can be computed explicitly from A(x, y). This fundamental result allows us to determine the stability condition of queue 2 in the asymptotic system, and explicitly compute the classical queueing performance metrics of queue 2, such as the pgf, the moments and the approximate tail distribution of its system content, when this condition is fulfilled. It also leads to accurate approximative closed-form expressions for the joint tail distribution of the system contents in both queues, in the original (unconditional) system. We extensively illustrate our methodology by means of various specific (popular) choices of A(x, y). In some examples, where an explicit solution for $$U(z_1,z_2)$$

U
(

z
1

,

z
2

)

or for the (approximative) joint tail distribution is known, we retrieve the known results easily. In other cases, new results are found for arrival pgfs A(x, y) for which no explicit results were known until now.
CEO power, corporate risk management, and dividends: disentangling CEO managerial ability from entrenchment
Authors: Adams Mike , Jiang Wei , Ma Tianshu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe contribute to the literature on dividend policy by considering two largely ignored, yet important factors, namely CEO power and corporate risk management. We first disentangle CEO managerial ability from entrenchment - the two sources of leadership autonomy that are not normally distinguished in prior literature. Using UK (re)insurance data that allows us to objectively and reliably quantify risk management and to identify powerful stakeholders with monitoring incentives (e.g., shareholders and regulatory body), we find that risk management enables entrenched CEOs to increase dividends to avoid monitoring by shareholders without compromising financial resilience and increasing the risk of regulatory scrutiny. Further, we neither find the degree of CEO managerial ability nor its interaction with risk management to be related to dividends, suggesting that the competing incentives for talented CEOs to pay higher/lower level of dividends cancel out in cross-sectional tests. Nonetheless, we find that the signalling effects of dividends for future accounting earnings only exist in insurers with high ability CEOs. This is consistent with the view that talented CEOs are able to generate sustainable earnings, and when they choose to pay (more) dividends, they do so to externally signal their managerial ability.
Advocacy for Online Proceedings: Features of the Digital World and Their Role in How Communication is Shaped in Remote International Arbitration
Authors: Gómez-Moreno Juan Pablo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic disrupted in-person dispute resolution proceedings, leading to the rapid adoption of digital technologies for remote hearings in international arbitration. The use of these technologies has opened up new possibilities for enhancing procedures, improving efficiency, and streamlining processes. However, it also raises concerns about transparency and authenticity in virtual hearings. This paper explores the impact of digital technologies on the semiotics of law and legal communication in international arbitration, considering the intersections between new technologies and persuasion. Based on practices like the use of e-evidence, debates surrounding remote hearings, and the formulation of standards for stakeholders’ behavior, the study takes a practice-based approach, exploring cognitive processes, such as memory and attention, and their influence on the behavior of counsel, arbitrators, and witnesses in remote hearings. It highlights the key issues, findings, challenges, and future research opportunities arising from the introduction of digital technologies in this field, including considerations on how stakeholders of a virtual hearings are affected by the unique features of the digital environment.
Solar Cycle Observations
Authors: Norton Aimee , Howe Rachel , Upton Lisa , Usoskin Ilya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe describe the defining observations of the solar cycle that provide constraints for the dynamo processes operating within the Sun. Specifically, we report on the following topics: historical sunspot numbers and revisions; active region (AR) flux ranges and lifetimes; bipolar magnetic region tilt angles; Hale and Joy’s law; the impact of rogue ARs on cycle progression and the amplitude of the following cycle; the spatio-temporal emergence of ARs that creates the butterfly diagram; polar fields; large-scale flows including zonal, meridional, and AR in-flows; short-term cycle variability; and helioseismic results including mode parameter changes.
A New Fully Implicit Two-Phase Pore-Network Model by Utilizing Regularization Strategies
Authors: Wu Hanchuan , Veyskarami Maziar , Schneider Martin , Helmig Rainer 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we address the expensive computational cost resulting from limited time-step sizes during numerical simulations of two-phase flow in porous media using dynamic pore-network models. To overcome this issue, we propose a numerical method for dynamic pore-network models using a fully implicit approach. The proposed method introduces a regularization strategy considering the historical fluid configuration at the pore throat, which smooths the discontinuities in local conductivity caused by invasion and snap-off events. The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in terms of accuracy, efficiency and consistency in comparison with other numerical schemes. With similar computational cost, determined by time-step sizes and number of Newton iterations, the developed method in this work yields more accurate results compared to similar schemes presented in the literature. Additionally, our results highlight the enhanced robustness of the our scheme, as it exhibits reduced sensitivity to variations in time-step sizes.
Religious Diversity, Islam, and Integration in Western Europe—Dissecting Symbolic, Social, and Institutional Boundary Dynamics
Authors: Koenig Matthias 
Published: October 2023

AbstractReligious diversity and, in particular, the presence of Islam is often perceived as a threat to national solidarity and social cohesion across Western Europe. Reviewing and synthesizing compartmentalized research literature on religion and immigrant integration, this article scrutinizes symbolic, social, and institutional boundary processes and their underlying micro-level mechanisms. First, it showcases the relative brightness of religiously coded symbolic boundaries that is sustained by anti-Muslim prejudices among the majority as well as by the intergenerational transmission of Muslim religiosity. Second, it discusses whether and how religious differences translate into social boundaries, through both discrimination and religiously based (self-)segregation on the labor market, in education, and in social networks. Third, it traces how interactive sequences of Muslims’ claims for recognition and public policy responses have led to institutional boundary shifts under the influence of constitutional law and European human rights and anti-discrimination directives. The article concludes by discussing scenarios of how macro-level processes of symbolic, social, and institutional boundary transformation interrelate, thus raising broader questions on religious diversity and integration in Western European nation-states.
Massese sheep characteristics and demo-genetic trends in the province of Pisa (Italy)
Authors: Giuliotti Lorella , Benvenuti Maria Novella , Ventura Emilia , Fresi Pancrazio , Preziuso Giovanna , Cecchi Francesca 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPreserving animal breeds is key to a country’s economy, environment and culture. The present study collects all the available information on the Massese sheep breed and analyzes their demo-genetic trends in Pisa since 1976. Data were provided by Asso.Na.Pa. Descriptive statistics were analysed using Jmp software. The pedigree parameters of a total of 10,393 animals (whole population-WP) were analyzed using CFC, ENDOG and Pedigree viewer software. Animals born in the last fifteen years represented the Reference Population (RP), while animals with one or two unknown parents constituted the Base Population (BP). Demographic results showed an inconstant trend of offspring registration in the Herd book with two periods of a dramatic decline in lamb registrations and a substantially short productivity with a mean number of registered newborns of 1.5 and 18.2 for ewes and rams, respectively. A total of 6456 animals represented the RP, of which only 1059 animals (16.4%) had both known parents. The BP consisted of 7156 animals, thus highlighting the lack of sire and dam registration which prevented an accurate evaluation of the genetic parameters. The average inbreeding coefficient in the WP was 0.78%, and 0.046% in the RP. The number of inbreds was 575 in the WP and 17 in the RP. The present study represents a tool for breeders and technicians aimed at conserving and exploiting the genetic resources of Massese sheep through efficient breeding plans.
The role of sound stimulation in production of plant secondary metabolites
Authors: Wu Li , Yang Ning , Guo Meng , Zhang Didi , Ghiladi Reza A. , Bayram Hasan , Wang Jun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSound vibration is one of natural stimuli trigging physiological changes in plants. Recent studies showed that sound waves stimulated production of a variety of plant secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, in order to enhance seed germination, flowering, growth or defense. In this review, we examine the potential role of sound stimulation on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and the followed cascade of physiological changes in plants, from the perspective of transcriptional regulation and epigenetic regulation for the first time. A systematic summary showed that a wide range of factors may regulate the production of secondary metabolites, including plant species, growth stage, sound types, sound frequency, sound intensity level and exposure time, etc. Biochemical and physiological changes due to sound stimulation were thoroughly summarized as well, for secondary metabolites can also act as a free radical scavenger, or a hormone signaling molecule. We also discussed the limits of previous studies, and the future application of sound waves in biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites.
Laplace transform solution of the time-dependent annular Couette flow with dynamic wall slip
Authors: Ali Ahmed E. K. , Ghaleb A. F. , Abou-Dina M. S. , Helal M. A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe annular Couette flow has several industrial applications, particularly for the characterization of the fluid flow and deformation behavior of fluids. The inclusion of the dynamic wall slip into the flow boundary conditions seems to be necessary for an efficient continuum description of motion of nanofluidics as it reflects the importance of fluid–structure interface related phenomena. Dynamic wall slip introduces a dissipative boundary condition and thus increases the difficulties of finding solutions to related problems. In the present work we investigate the behavior of fluid flow between two infinitely long coaxial circular cylinders, when the inner cylinder is axially moving due to sudden constant velocity, while the outer cylinder is held stationary. The boundary condition on the outer cylinder is that of dynamic wall slip, in addition to the usual Navier slip. The medium considered here is a Newtonian viscous fluid. The solution of the governing equations, initial and boundary conditions for this flow is obtained using the Laplace transform technique and inversion by Laguerre polynomials. This method may be useful, when applied in conjunction with perturbation methods, to solve nonlinear Couette flow problems involving temperature changes. Numerical results are presented and discussed.
Fast and Stable Zinc Anode-Based Electrochromic Displays Enabled by Bimetallically Doped Vanadate and Aqueous Zn2+/Na+ Hybrid Electrolytes
Authors: Song Zhaoyang , Wang Bin , Zhang Wu , Zhu Qianqian , Elezzabi Abdulhakem Y. , Liu Linhua , Yu William W. , Li Haizeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVanadates are a class of the most promising electrochromic materials for displays as their multicolor characteristics. However, the slow switching times and vanadate dissolution issues of recently reported vanadates significantly hinder their diverse practical applications. Herein, novel strategies are developed to design electrochemically stable vanadates having rapid switching times. We show that the interlayer spacing is greatly broadened by introducing sodium and lanthanum ions into V3O8 interlayers, which facilitates the transportation of cations and enhances the electrochemical kinetics. In addition, a hybrid Zn2+/Na+ electrolyte is designed to inhibit vanadate dissolution while significantly accelerating electrochemical kinetics. As a result, our electrochromic displays yield the most rapid switching times in comparison with any reported Zn-vanadate electrochromic displays. It is envisioned that stable vanadate-based electrochromic displays having video speed switching are appearing on the near horizon. "Image missing"
Research on Time-Based Fare Discount Strategy for Urban Rail Transit Peak Congestion
Authors: Ding Xiaobing , Hong Chen , Wu Jinlong , Zhao Lu , Shi Gan , Liu Zhigang , Hong Haoyang , Zhao Zhengyuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo alleviate peak-hour congestion in urban rail transit, this study proposes a new off-peak fare discount strategy to incentivize passengers to shift their departure time from peak to off-peak hours. Firstly, a questionnaire survey of Shanghai metro passengers is conducted to analyze their willingness to change departure time under different fare strategies. Secondly, based on the survey results, a time-differentiated fare discount model is constructed, considering both the company’s revenue and passengers’ travel benefits, and with the optimization objective of achieving balanced peak-hour and off-peak-hour train loads throughout the day. Subsequently, a genetic algorithm with nested fmincon functions is designed and combined with the actual data of Shanghai rail transit line 9 for arithmetic analysis. Finally, the effectiveness of the model is validated using the survey data. The research results show that the off-peak fare discount strategy can incentivize 6.88% of passengers traveling in the morning peak and 6.66% of passengers traveling in the evening peak to shift to off-peak travel. This research provides theoretical support and decision-making guidance for implementing time-differentiated pricing in urban rail transit systems.
Experimental and numerical investigations of the hot cracking susceptibility during the powder bed fusion of AA 7075 using a laser beam
Authors: Wimmer Andreas , Panzer Hannes , Zoeller Christopher , Adami Stefan , Adams Nikolaus A. , Zaeh Michael F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe variety of processable materials for the powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam (PBF-LB/M) is still limited. In particular, high-strength aluminum alloys are difficult to process with PBF-LB/M without the occurrence of hot cracks. In situ alloying is a promising method to modify the physical properties of an alloy to reduce its hot cracking susceptibility. In this work, the aluminum alloy 7075 and blends with 2 wt.%, 4 wt.%, and 6 wt.% of Si were processed via PBF-LB/M. The Rappaz–Drezet–Gremaud (RDG) model and the Kou model were investigated regarding their capability of predicting the hot cracking behavior for the aluminum alloy 7075 and the three powder blends. The smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was used to gain the thermal input data for the RDG model. A clear tendency of a reduced hot cracking susceptibility with an increasing amount of Si was observed in the experiments and in the simulations. A detailed analysis of the type of the hot cracking mechanism in the aluminum alloy 7075 provided several indications of the presence of liquation cracking. The Kou model and the RDG model may be applicable for both solidification and liquation cracking. The presented methodology can be used to investigate any material combination and its susceptibility to hot cracking.
Artificial intelligent patient-controlled intravenous analgesia improves the outcomes of older patients with laparoscopic radical resection for colorectal cancer
Authors: Liu Dandan , Li Xiaopei , Nie Xiaohong , Hu Qiangfu , Wang Jiandong , Hai Longzhu , Yang Lingwei , Wang Lin , Guo Peilei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Methods
Patients undergoing elective laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer from July 2019 to May 2021 were selected. The patients were assigned to Ai-PCIA group and control group. Ai-PCIA group received postoperative analgesia management and effect evaluation through intelligent wireless analgesia system + postoperative follow-up twice a day, while control group received analgesia management and effect evaluation through ward physician feedback + postoperative follow-up twice a day. The pain numerical score (NRS), Richards–Campbell Sleep Scale (RCSQ), and adverse outcomes were collected and compared.

Results
A total of 60 patients (20 females and 40 males with average (78.26 ± 6.42) years old) were included. The NRS scores at rest and during activity of the Ai-PCA group at 8, 12, and 24 h after the operation were significantly lower than that of the control group (all P < 0.05). The RCSQ score of Ai-PCA group was significantly higher than that of control group on the 1st and 2nd days after operation (all P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of dizziness and nausea, vomiting, and myocardial ischemia (all P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Ai-PCIA can improve the analgesic effect and sleep quality of older patients after laparoscopic radical resection, which may be promoted in clinical analgesia practice.
Cultural evolution with uncertain provision of learning resources
Authors: Ladas Konstantinos , Kavadias Stylianos , Hutchison-Krupat Jeremy 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn essential feature of human progress is the use of different modes of learning so agents acquire the appropriate behaviour to survive in a changing environment. Learning may result from agents who discover new knowledge on their own (individual learning), or imitate the behaviour of others (social learning). Social learning is less costly than discovery, but imitation might yield no benefit. Early theoretical models of a population consisting of purely individual and purely social learners found that both types are present in an evolutionary equilibrium. However, the presence of social learners did not provide any improvement to the average population fitness. Subsequent research showed that the presence of social learners could improve the average population fitness, provided that the pure characterisation of the agents’ learning is relaxed. We return to the pure conceptualisation of agents to challenge an assumption in the early work: agents were guaranteed enough resources to perform their desired learning. We show that, if the resources an agent receives are uncertain, this turns social learning into a source of fitness improvement at the population level. Perhaps counter-intuitively, uncertain provision of resources prompts an increase in the proportion of the population that pursues the costlier individual learning activity in equilibrium.