bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La Educación Ambiental como Base Cultural y Estrategia para el Desarrollo Sostenible de Medio Ambiente
Authors: Pachacopa Llanos Fortunato 
Published: December 2023

El presente trabajo de educación ambiental como base cultural y estrategia para el desarrollo sostenible de medio ambiente, aplicando todas las estrategias de enseñanza y aprendizaje en las universidades y colegios, es la base fundamental para el desarrollo de una vida mejor y respeto hacia a la naturaleza. En la actualidad no se habla de educación ambiental, todavía vivimos en un mundo que tenemos todo para poder vivir, pero poco a poco se va deteriorando se va terminando los recursos naturales y es hora de poder implementar en la malla curricular la educación ambiental. La educación ambiental es concienciar a la población sobre la necesidad de preservar el ambiente con miras a lograr una mejor calidad de vida en las generaciones actuales y por venir. Pese a los esfuerzos por conservar los recursos naturales no se ha podido frenar el deterioro ambiental, debido, posiblemente, a que no logramos tener conciencia y actitud de respeto hacia la naturaleza, la conciencia humana todavía no sabe que tan importante es el medio ambiente, recursos naturales. El presente artículo tiene el objetivo de desarrollar la educación ambiental en tema de medio ambiente con lineamientos específicos a la Gestión Ambiental, prevención ambiental, desarrollo sostenible de los recursos naturales, empleando paradigmas y ejes transversales. La educación ambiental es pilar fundamental de la generación de cambios de actitud y aptitud de lograr un equilibrio entre el ser humano y su entorno. El presente artículo también, revisa la temática de educación ambiental desde los conocimientos en la cultura y el sistema educativo, permitiendo conceptualizar, desarrollar la educación ambiental como eje transversal, base de una cultura globalizada y la identificación de una herramienta para el desarrollo sostenible de los recursos naturales y medio ambiente.
Binary Vision: The Mass Distribution of Merging Binary Black Holes via Iterative Density Estimation
Authors: Sadiq Jam , Dent Thomas , Gieles Mark 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Binary black hole (BBH) systems detected via gravitational-wave emission are a recently opened astrophysical frontier with many unknowns and uncertainties. Accurate reconstruction of the binary distribution with as few assumptions as possible is desirable for inference of formation channels and environments. Most population analyses have, though, assumed a power law in binary mass ratio q, and/or assumed a universal q distribution regardless of primary mass. Methods based on kernel density estimation allow us to dispense with such assumptions and directly estimate the joint binary mass distribution. We deploy a self-consistent iterative method to estimate this full BBH mass distribution, finding local maxima in primary mass consistent with previous investigations and a secondary mass distribution with a partly independent structure, inconsistent both with a power law and with a constant function of q. We find a weaker preference for near-equal-mass binaries than in most previous investigations; instead, the secondary mass has its own “spectral lines” at slightly lower values than the primary, and we observe an anticorrelation between primary and secondary masses around the ∼10 M
⊙ peak.
Maximum Aligned Directional Derivative (MADD) Technique for Planar Structure Analysis in Space
Authors: Liu Y. Y. , Fu H. S. , Cao J. B. , Du C. X. , Zhang W. Z. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Interplanetary discontinuities are the most common intermittent structures in the solar winds, whose jump conditions conform to the Rankine–Hugoniot relations. The identification and analysis of such planar structures rely on an accurate determination of the normal vectors. In this study, we perform a benchmark test of a technique designed to estimate the dimensionality and orientation of the magnetic fields based on four spacecraft measurements. Such a technique operates on the fact that in a strictly planar magnetic field, three columns of ∇
B
are all aligned and the characteristic direction corresponding to the maximum aligned directional derivative (MADD; i.e., the maximum of

∣
∇
B
·

r

^

∣

) can be considered the normal vector of the structure. A benchmark test of this technique, using both the simulation data and numerical models of planar structures, shows that the MADD technique can identify planar magnetic field structures efficiently. For a discontinuity with translational and rotational motion, MADD is able to estimate its normal vector with second-order precision and the speed of motion with first-order precision. Two demonstrations of the MADD application to the tangential discontinuity and shock structures are presented to show its efficiency and superiority. In principle, MADD is suitable for all types of planar structures in space. Compared with the minimum variance analysis and timing techniques, MADD is superior in the study of intermediate shocks that exhibit magnetic coplanarity and rapid spatial evolution.
The UNCOVER Survey: A First-look HST + JWST Catalog of 60,000 Galaxies near A2744 and beyond
Authors: Weaver John R. , Cutler Sam E. , Pan Richard , Whitaker Katherine E. , Labbé Ivo , Price Sedona H. , Bezanson Rachel , Brammer Gabriel , Marchesini Danilo , Leja Joel , Wang 王 Bingjie 冰洁 , Furtak Lukas J. , Zitrin Adi , Atek Hakim , Chemerynska Iryna , Coe Dan , Dayal Pratika , van Dokkum Pieter , Feldmann Robert , Förster Schreiber Natascha M. , Franx Marijn , Fujimoto Seiji , Fudamoto Yoshinobu , Glazebrook Karl , de Graaff Anna , Greene Jenny E. , Juneau Stéphanie , Kassin Susan , Kriek Mariska , Khullar Gourav , Maseda Michael V. , Mowla Lamiya A. , Muzzin Adam , Nanayakkara Themiya , Nelson Erica J. , Oesch Pascal A. , Pacifici Camilla , Papovich Casey , Setton David J. , Shapley Alice E. , Shipley Heath V. , Smit Renske , Stefanon Mauro , Taylor Edward N. , Weibel Andrea , Williams Christina C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In 2022 November, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) returned deep near-infrared images of A2744—a powerful lensing cluster capable of magnifying distant, incipient galaxies beyond it. Together with existing Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging, this publicly available data set opens a fundamentally new discovery space to understand the remaining mysteries of the formation and evolution of galaxies across cosmic time. In this work, we detect and measure some 60,000 objects across the 49 arcmin2 JWST footprint down to a 5σ limiting magnitude of ∼30 mag in 0.″32 apertures. Photometry is performed using circular apertures on images matched to the point-spread function (PSF) of the reddest NIRCam broad band, F444W, and cleaned of bright cluster galaxies and the related intracluster light. To give an impression of the photometric performance, we measure photometric redshifts and achieve a σ
NMAD ≈ 0.03 based on known, but relatively small, spectroscopic samples. With this paper, we publicly release our HST and JWST PSF-matched photometric catalog with optimally assigned aperture sizes for easy use, along with single aperture catalogs, photometric redshifts, rest-frame colors, and individual magnification estimates. These catalogs will set the stage for efficient and deep spectroscopic follow up of some of the first JWST-selected samples in summer of 2023.
Enquêtes sur les conditions de vie dans les pays communistes d’Europe de l’Est
Authors: Mespoulet Martine 
Published: December 2023

À la suite du partage de l’Europe en deux blocs après 1945, mesurer le niveau de vie devint un enjeu politique important dans les pays à régime communiste d’Europe de l’Est, dans un contexte de compétition grandissante entre l’Union soviétique et les États-Unis. Les enquêtes sur les budgets des familles en constituèrent l’outil de base dès les années 1950. Elles furent élargies rapidement à l’étude des conditions de vie de la population. Des enquêtes sur les budgets-temps des familles furent réalisées à cette fin et des indicateurs sociaux furent construits dans quelques pays pour quantifier ce qui était nommé « bien-être » de la population. Les pays d’Europe de l’Est participèrent à quelques enquêtes comparatives Est-Ouest dans ce domaine. Cet article analyse les usages et méthodes des principales enquêtes sur la consommation et les conditions de vie réalisées dans ces pays par des statisticiens et des chercheurs en économie et sociologie entre 1950 et 1980.
The Spectrum of ABO and Rhesus Blood Group Systems in a Blood Center in Southern Karnataka
Authors: Budha Rashmi , Simeon Brilsee , Belagatti Satish , Singh Akriti 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
Hereditary characteristics, such as ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood group antigens, are helpful for population genetic studies, for settling medicolegal disputes, and most vitally immunologic safety of blood during transfusion. Having firm knowledge of blood grouping is essential for managing the collection of blood banks. It can lower the likelihood of morbidity and mortality brought on by lack of blood in specific areas. The objective of our study was to screen and determine the frequencies of the occurrence of ABO and Rh blood groups among residents from both the urban and rural populations of the South Karnataka region.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective study. The study was conducted in a blood center and included all the donors from January 17 to December 22. Hemoglobin estimation was estimated by copper sulfate method and ERMA INC-PCE-210 3-Part analyzer. After blood bank validation, Tulip Diagnostics Limited standard anti-sera of anti-A, anti-B, and anti-D were used to conduct antigen–antibody slide agglutination test to determine the ABO grouping and Rh typing following blood donation. Simple percentages were used to report data on the ABO and Rh blood group distribution patterns.

Results:
Out of 19497 donors, predominant age group was 25–29 years (29.46%). The male:female ratio was 108:1. Voluntary donors (91.03%) were more than replacement donors, with predominant donors being Rh positive. Maximum donors had the blood group O (42.5%), followed by B > A > AB. There were also four Bombay blood group donors in our study.

Conclusion:
Good knowledge and understanding of blood grouping have an imperative involvement in the management of blood bank inventory. It can help to minimize the morbidity and mortality rate due to lack of blood in a particular geographical area.
A Study to Correlate Stress Score with Heart Rate Variability among MBBS Students at a Tertiary Care Center, Jaipur
Authors: Saboo Neha , Kacker Sudhanshu , Sorout Jitender 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
Medical students have high levels of stress that could be due to stressors related to the academic workload, time pressure competency, professionalism, physical, mental, and emotional issues. This study aimed to find out subjective assessment of stress, stressors, and coping strategies and objective assessment of stress with heart rate variability (HRV) and correlate subjective and objective assessment of stress scores among 1st year MBBS students at RUHS College of Medical Sciences.

Materials and Methods:
Institutional ethical clearance (EC-P-21/RUHS) was obtained after that study was conducted among a total of 150 1st year MBBS students. The students were asked to fill out a validated general health questionnaire (GHQ-12), “medical student stress questionnaire 40,” and a brief COPE inventory to assess stress, stressors, and various coping strategies for subjective assessment and objective assessment done by time and frequency domain parameters of HRV.

Results:
The mean age was 20.85 ± 1.56. The severity of stress categorized as mild, moderate, high, and severe were 17%, 40%, 13%, and 10%, respectively. The most affected stressor was academic contributed to 80% followed by teaching–learning related, social, intra- and interpersonal, group activities, drive, and desire-related stressors 78%, 75%, 73%, 70%, and 68%, respectively. Overall, the students’ coping strategies were mostly avoidant followed by emotional and problem based. HRV is measured by time domain, i.e., PNN50, standard deviation of normal to normal RR intervals, root mean square of successive differences, and “frequency domain parameters,” i.e., low frequency (LF), high-frequency (HF), and LF/HF ratio.

Conclusion:
In the present study, a positive correlation was observed between HRV and stress score. More than 75% of RUHSCMS 1st year medical students were suffering from measurable academic stress. Time domain and frequency domain parameters were positively correlated with stress score.
Team-based Learning Impact: A Comparative Study of Student and Faculty Facilitators
Authors: Iida Risa , Tanaka Mai , Torigoe Minami , Inaba Sakiko , Wakana Noriaki , Homma Kazuhiro , Fukuyama Naoto 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Team-based learning (TBL) refers to the application of an active-learning method that has gained popularity across all health-care disciplines. This study aimed to assess nutrition students’ perceptions of the roles of student versus faculty facilitators.

Methods:
Participants in the study included, 117 2nd-year nutrition students registered in the “Introduction to Medicine” course in the 2022 academic year at a Japanese university. The first TBL session was faculty-led, whereas three students served as facilitators in the second. Upon completion of the course, learners and student facilitators completed a questionnaire on the student-led TBL. Responses to close-ended questions were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and those to open-ended questions were categorized into common themes.

Results:
A total of 114 learners and 3 student facilitators responded to the questions. Learners found student-led TBL to be just as or more effective than faculty-led TBL in three respects: comprehension (93.0%), active participation (96.5%), and expectation of academic performance improvement (93.9%). According to student facilitators, it improved their knowledge, confidence, communication skills, and leadership abilities. Learners and facilitators indicated that student-led TBL was significantly more effective than faculty-led TBL. Thus, student-led TBL can enhance the ability of all students at different academic levels.

Discussion:
Student-led TBL appears to be an effective learning strategy in higher education and further shifts toward student-centered learning in the course curriculum.
Implementation, Reach, and Effectiveness of the Direct Observation of Residents in Clinic Program
Authors: Murphy Jessica E. , Khawaja Hussain , Messina Dino , Monteiro Joao Filipe G. , Jeremiah Jennifer , McGarry Kelly 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Direct observation is important, yet medical residents are rarely observed. We implemented and evaluated a direct observation program in resident clinics to increase the frequency of observation and feedback and improve perceptions about direct observation.

Methods:
We assigned faculty as observers in our resident clinics between June 2019 and February 2020. We surveyed residents and faculty before and after the program. Faculty completed a form for each observation performed. We analyzed surveys to examine changes in barriers, frequency and type of observations and feedback, and attitudes toward observation. The analytical sample included 38 and 37 pre- and postresident surveys, respectively, and 20 and 25 pre- and postfaculty surveys, respectively.

Results:
Resident survey response rates were 32.3% (40/124) pre- and 30.7% (39/127) postintervention. Most residents (76% [pre], 86% [post], P = 0.258) reported being observed in at least one of the four areas: history, examination, counseling, or wrap-up. We received observation tracking forms on 68% of eligible residents. Observed history taking increased from 30% to 79% after the program (P = 0.0010). Survey response rates for faculty were 64.7% (22/34) pre- and 67.5% (25/37) postintervention. Fewer faculty reported time (80% [pre], 52% [post], P = 0.051) and competing demands (65% [pre], 52% [post], P = 0.380) as barriers postintervention. Fewer faculty postintervention viewed observation as a valuable teaching tool (100% [pre], 79% [post], P = 0.0534). All faculty who did not view observation as valuable were the least experienced.

Discussion:
Assigning faculty as observers can increase observation, especially in history taking, though data suggest an increase in negative perceptions of observation by faculty.
Retinal microvascular differences after successful macular hole surgery by using the superior and temporal inverted flap technique
Authors: Limon Utku 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the retinal microvascular differences after successful macular hole surgery by using the superior and temporal inverted flap technique.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, patients with idiopathic macular holes with a horizontal diameter of 250–400 μm at the narrowest point, and who have a follow-up of 6 months were included in the study. Group 1 included 14 patients' 14 eyes that have been treated using the superior inverted flap technique. Group 2 included 15 patients' 15 eyes that have been treated using the temporal inverted flap technique. The vessel density (VD) ratios in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and the deep capillary plexus (DCP) at the central area and the four parafoveal quadrants were compared between the groups at baseline and postoperative month 6.

Results:
The mean baseline BCVA improved significantly in both groups at postoperative month 6 (1.21 to 0.50 and 1.32 to 0.52 logMAR, respectively; P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in mean BCVA between the two groups at postoperative month 6 (P < 0.05). The mean VD in SCP in the center area increased significantly in both groups at month 6 postoperatively (P = 0.011 and 0.020, respectively); however, the mean VD in DCP in the center area did not significantly change in both groups (P = 0.079 and 0.078, respectively). The mean VD ratios in SCP and DCP at the four parafoveal quadrants did not change significantly in both groups at month 6 (P < 0.05 for both).

Conclusions:
Both techniques are safe for retinal microvasculature at postoperative month 6.
Surgical outcomes of petalloid multilayered inverted internal limiting membrane flaps in extra-large macular holes
Authors: Joshi Shrinivas , Yadav Nishita , Ayachit Apoorva , Joshi Madan , Vibhute Giriraj , Ayachit Guruprasad 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
To analyze the surgical outcomes of petalloid multilayered inverted internal limiting flap using perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) in extra-large macular holes (MHs) (minimum linear diameter >550 µm and basal diameter [BD] >1000 µm).

Methods:
This was a prospective interventional series of 103 eyes of 99 patients with extra-large MHs which were treated with 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy, petalloid multilayered inverted internal limiting membrane flaps under PFCL and 15% perfluoropropane (C3F8) gas tamponade. Intraoperative optical coherence tomography (i-OCT) was used to confirm correct positioning of flaps. Follow-up was at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively.

Results:
Mean age of patients was 58.282 ± 16.3 years. Mean preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) 1.206 ± 0.384, and the value at the third month was logMAR 0.793 ± 0.337. Mean minimum linear diameter (MLD) was 711.96 ± 270.744 µm. MLD ranged from 557µm (minimum MLD) to 2657 µm (maximum MLD). Mean BD was 1301.165 ± 425.914 µm. Type 1 closure was seen in 92.2% eyes, 5.8% eyes had type 2 closure, and 1.9% eyes had type 3 closure. Eyes with both type 1 closure (P = 0.001) and type 2 closure (P = 0.009) showed a significant improvement in BCVA postoperatively at 3 months.

Conclusion:
Petalloid multilayered inverted internal limiting membrane flap under PFCL technique with adjunctive use of i-OCT showed improved morphological and functional outcomes in the treatment of extra-large MHs. We present here a large series of extra-large MHs, in which a novel technique of petalloid multilayered inverted ILM flaps was used.
Safety and efficacy profile of intravitreal ranibizumab vs dexamethasone in treatment of naïve diabetic macular edema
Authors: Mahapatra Santosh K , Parhi Anjalika , Shree Pallavi , Mohanty Anuja 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
To compare the safety and efficacy parameters of intravitreal ranibizumab vs intravitreal dexamethasone (IVD) in the treatment of patients with naïve diabetic macular edema (DME) in terms of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and possible complications like intraocular pressure (IOP) rise and cataract progression.

Methods:
A hospital-based prospective and comparative study of naïve DME patients was conducted between November 2020 and October 2021 with a minimum follow-up (F/U) period of 6 months. Thirty phakic patients received one dose of IVD implant (Group A) and the other 30 (Group B) received three consecutive monthly doses of ranibizumab. The main exclusion criteria were steroid responders and the presence of ocular inflammation.

Results:
The mean pre-injection CMT in Group A was 405µ and reduced to 297.07µ at 3 months and 278.35µ at 6 months. Mean increase in logMAR BCVA was 0.55. The mean pre-injection IOP was 16.28 and 17.64 mm of Hg at 6 months. In Group B, the mean pre-injection CMT was 401.07µ and reduced to 276.1µ at 3 months and 292.9µ at 6 months. Mean BCVA increased to 0.37. The mean pre-injection IOP was 17.28 mm Hg and 16.42 mm Hg at 6 months. There was no significant progression of cataract in both groups.

Conclusion:
The mean decrease in CMT was comparable in both the groups at 6 months F/U with an improvement of BCVA with no significant IOP fluctuation or cataract progression. Hence, IVD appears to be noninferior to ranibizumab in the treatment of naïve DME.
Clinical Characteristics, Procedural Details, and Outcomes of Patients Who Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Real-world Practice at a Tertiary Care Center in Sri Lanka
Authors: Rahuman Faslur , Fernando Nimali , Kempitiya Chathurika , Peiris Kachchakaduge Anushka , Abeysenevi Pasan , Nawaratna Amanda , Silva Pubudu De 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
Outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) vary across different regions of the world. Despite a substantial increase in the demand for PCI in recent years, there is a lack of comprehensive data on PCI in Sri Lanka.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to investigate the pattern of PCI procedures in real-world practice in Sri Lanka over a period of time.

Methods:
This prospective descriptive study included all patients who underwent PCI at one unit of a tertiary care cardiac center in Colombo, Sri Lanka, between March 2022 and December 2022. Patients’ baseline clinical characteristics, procedural details, equipment usage, and complications were analyzed and followed up for 6 months.

Results:
Among 317 patients included in the analysis, 89.9% were ≥40 years old, with a mean age of 54.7 years (standard deviation: 11), and 73.5% were male. The most common presentation was chronic coronary syndrome, 65.9%, with 6.9% chronic total occlusion (CTO) cases. Within acute coronary syndrome cases, the highest percentage (27.1%) was attributed to ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI), with 18.3% being anterior MI, suggesting that the left anterior descending artery was most commonly affected. Approximately 86.1% had single-vessel PCI, whereas 2.8% underwent left main PCI. Transradial access was obtained in 87.4%. Despite a 6.9% CTO, a high procedural success rate of 94.3% was observed. The inhospital mortality rate was low at 0.3%, and the 6-month mortality rate was 0.9%.

Conclusions:
Despite the limited sample size, our study provides valuable insights into the current practices and outcomes of PCI in Sri Lanka. Despite the constraints of limited resources, we observed a high success rate and minimal complications.