bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recombination map tailored to Native Hawaiians may improve robustness of genomic scans for positive selection
Authors: Dinh Bryan L. , Tang Echo , Taparra Kekoa , Nakatsuka Nathan , Chen Fei , Chiang Charleston W. K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecombination events establish the patterns of haplotypic structure in a population and estimates of recombination rates are used in several downstream population and statistical genetic analyses. Using suboptimal maps from distantly related populations may reduce the efficacy of genomic analyses, particularly for underrepresented populations such as the Native Hawaiians. To overcome this challenge, we constructed recombination maps using genome-wide array data from two study samples of Native Hawaiians: one reflecting the current admixed state of Native Hawaiians (NH map) and one based on individuals of enriched Polynesian ancestries (PNS map) with the potential to be used for less admixed Polynesian populations such as the Samoans. We found the recombination landscape to be less correlated with those from other continental populations (e.g. Spearman’s rho = 0.79 between PNS and CEU (Utah residents with Northern and Western European ancestry) compared to 0.92 between YRI (Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria) and CEU at 50 kb resolution), likely driven by the unique demographic history of the Native Hawaiians. PNS also shared the fewest recombination hotspots with other populations (e.g. 8% of hotspots shared between PNS and CEU compared to 27% of hotspots shared between YRI and CEU). We found that downstream analyses in the Native Hawaiian population, such as local ancestry inference, imputation, and IBD segment and relatedness detections, would achieve similar efficacy when using the NH map compared to an omnibus map. However, for genome scans of adaptive loci using integrated haplotype scores, we found several loci with apparent genome-wide significant signals (|Z-score|> 4) in Native Hawaiians that would not have been significant when analyzed using NH-specific maps. Population-specific recombination maps may therefore improve the robustness of haplotype-based statistics and help us better characterize the evolutionary history that may underlie Native Hawaiian-specific health conditions that persist today.
Identifying heat thresholds for South Africa towards the development of a heat-health warning system
Authors: Kapwata Thandi , Abdelatif Nada , Scovronick Noah , Gebreslasie Michael T. , Acquaotta Fiorella , Wright Caradee Y. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExposure to heatwaves may result in adverse human health impacts. Heat alerts in South Africa are currently based on defined temperature-fixed threshold values for large towns and cities. However, heat-health warning systems (HHWS) should incorporate metrics that have been shown to be effective predictors of negative heat-related health outcomes. This study contributes to the development of a HHWS for South Africa that can potentially minimize heat-related mortality. Distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNM) were used to assess the association between maximum and minimum temperature and diurnal temperature range (DTR) and population-adjusted mortality during summer months, and the effects were presented as incidence rate ratios (IRR). District-level thresholds for the best predictor from these three metrics were estimated with threshold regression. The mortality dataset contained records of daily registered deaths (n = 8,476,532) from 1997 to 2013 and data for the temperature indices were for the same period. Maximum temperature appeared to be the most statistically significant predictor of all-cause mortality with strong associations observed in 40 out of 52 districts. Maximum temperature was associated with increased risk of mortality in all but three of the districts. Our results also found that heat-related mortality was influenced by regional climate because the spatial distribution of the thresholds varied according to the climate zones across the country. On average, districts located in the hot, arid interior provinces of the Northern Cape and North West experienced some of the highest thresholds compared to districts located in temperate interior or coastal provinces. As the effects of climate change become more significant, population exposure to heat is increasing. Therefore, evidence-based HHWS are required to reduce heat-related mortality and morbidity. The exceedance of the maximum temperature thresholds provided in this study could be used to issue heat alerts as part of effective heat health action plans.
Improved genetic algorithm approach for coordinating decision-making in technological disaster management
Authors: Guerrero Granados Bethsy , Quintero M. Christian G. , Núñez César Viloria 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe increasing frequency of technological events has resulted in significant damage to the environment, human health, social stability, and economy, driving ongoing scientific development and interest in emergency management (EM). Traditional EM approaches are often inadequate because of incomplete and imprecise information during crises, making fast and effective decision-making challenging. Computational Intelligence techniques (CI) offer decision-supporting capabilities that can effectively address these challenges. However, there is still a need for deeper integration of emerging computational intelligence techniques to support evidence-based decision-making while also addressing gaps in metrics, standards, and protocols for emergency response and scalability. This study presents a coordinated decision-making system for multiple types of emergency case scenarios for technological disaster management based on CI techniques, including an Improved Genetic Algorithm (IGA), and Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO). The IGA enhances emergency performance by optimizing the task assignment for multiple agents involved in emergency response with coordination mechanisms, resulting in an approximately 15% improvement compared to other state-of-the-art methods. Ultimately, this study offers a promising foundation for future research to develop effective strategies for mitigating the impact of technological disasters on society and the environment.
Impact of different cephalometric skeletal configurations on anatomic midface parameters in adults
Authors: Willershausen Ines , Ehrenfried Amelie , Krautkremer Franziska , Ströbel Armin , Seidel Corinna Lesley , Paulsen Friedrich , Kopp Markus , Uder Michael , Gölz Lina , May Matthias Stefan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Skull morphology and growth patterns are essential for orthodontic treatment, impacting clinical decision making. We aimed to determine the association of different cephalometric skeletal configurations on midface parameters as measured in 3D CT datasets.

Materials and methods
After sample size calculation, a total of 240 fully dentulous patients between 20 and 79 years of age (mean age: 42 ± 15), who had received a CT of the skull within the scope of trauma diagnosis or intracranial bleeding, were retrospectively selected. On the basis of cephalometric analysis, using MPR reconstructions, patients were subdivided into three different vertical skull configurations (brachyfacial, mesofacial, dolichofacial) and the respective skeletal Class I, II, and III relationships. Anatomic parameters were measured using a three-dimensional post-processing console: the thickness of the maxillary and palatine bones as well as the alveolar crest, maxillary body and sutural length, width and height of the hard palate, maxillary facial wall thickness, and masseter muscle thickness and length.

Results
Individuals with brachyfacial configurations had a significantly increased palatal and alveolar ridge thicknesses compared to those with dolichofacial- or mesofacial configurations. Brachyfacial configurations presented a significantly increased length and thickness of the masseter muscle (4.599 cm; 1.526 cm) than mesofacial (4.431 cm; 1.466 cm) and dolichofacial configurations (4.405 cm; 1.397 cm) (p < 0.001). Individuals with a skeletal Class III had a significantly shorter palatal length (5.313 cm) than those with Class I (5.406 cm) and Class II (5.404 cm) (p < 0.01). Sutural length was also significantly shorter in Class III (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Skeletal configurations have an impact on parameters of the bony skull. Also, measurable adaptations of the muscular phenotype could result.

Clinical relevance
The association between viscerocranial morphology and midface anatomy might be beneficial for tailoring orthodontic appliances to individual anatomy and planning cortically anchored orthodontic appliances.
Brunn–Minkowski Inequality for $$\theta $$-Convolution Bodies via Ball’s Bodies
Authors: Alonso-Gutiérrez David , Goñi Javier Martín 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe consider the problem of finding the best function $$\varphi _n:[0,1]\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$

φ
n

:

[
0
,
1
]

→
R

such that for any pair of convex bodies $$K,L\in {\mathbb {R}}^n$$

K
,
L
∈

R

n

the following Brunn–Minkowski type inequality holds $$\begin{aligned} |K+_\theta L|^\frac{1}{n}\ge \varphi _n(\theta )(|K|^\frac{1}{n}+|L|^\frac{1}{n}), \end{aligned}$$

|
K

+
θ

L
|

1
n

≥

φ
n

(
θ
)

(
|
K
|

1
n

+

|
L
|

1
n

)
,

where $$K+_\theta L$$

K

+
θ

L

is the $$\theta $$
θ
-convolution body of K and L. We prove a sharp inclusion of the family of Ball’s bodies of an $$\alpha $$
α
-concave function in its super-level sets in order to provide the best possible function in the range $$\left( \frac{3}{4}\right) ^n\le \theta \le 1$$

3
4

n

≤
θ
≤
1

, characterizing the equality cases.
Extending 3D geometric file formats for geospatial applications
Authors: Praschl Christoph , Krauss Oliver 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study addresses the representation and exchange of geospatial geometric 3D models, which is a common requirement in various applications like outdoor mixed reality, urban planning, and disaster risk management. Over the years, multiple file formats have been developed to cater to diverse needs, offering a wide range of supported features and target areas of application. However, classic exchange formats like the JavaScript Object Notation and the Extensible Markup Language have been predominantly favored as a basis for exchanging geospatial information, leaving out common geometric information exchange formats such as Wavefront’s OBJ, Stanford’s PLY, and OFF. To bridge this gap, our research proposes three novel extensions for the mentioned geometric file formats, with a primary focus on minimizing storage requirements while effectively representing geospatial data and also allowing to store semantic meta-information. The extensions, named GeoOBJ, GeoOFF, and GeoPLY, offer significant reductions in storage needs, ranging from 14 to 823% less compared to standard file formats, while retaining support for an adequate number of semantic features. Through extensive evaluations, we demonstrate the suitability of these proposed extensions for geospatial information representation, showcasing their efficacy in delivering low storage overheads and seamless incorporation of critical semantic features. The findings underscore the potential of GeoOBJ, GeoOFF, and GeoPLY as viable solutions for efficient geospatial data representation, empowering various applications to operate optimally with minimal storage constraints.
Seasonality and Lithic Investment in the Oldowan
Authors: Clark James , Linares-Matás Gonzalo J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSeasonality is a critical driver of resource availability within individual generations and is therefore likely to have exerted selective pressures on hominin evolution. Nonetheless, it has frequently been overlooked in discussions of early technological variability. This paper examines the relationship between seasonality and lithic investment in the Oldowan of eastern Africa, to broaden our understanding of hominin behavioural adaptability. We develop a framework for the identification of seasonal signatures in the archaeological record and examine the nature of lithic variability across 12 Early Pleistocene localities. In combining these insights, we suggest that seasonality played a pivotal role in shaping the pattern of lithic investment in the Oldowan, with peak investment related to greater wet season processing of plant resources and mobility across the landscape. The productivity of cores, retouching of flakes, and use of percussive implements may each play a role in this seasonal patterning of tool use. Our analysis provides further evidence that Oldowan hominins were able to adapt their technological behaviours to changing environmental conditions, even at the scale of intra-seasonal fluctuations in resource availability, and how this interacts with landscape familiarity over longer timescales.
Targeted treatment of injured nestmates with antimicrobial compounds in an ant society
Authors: Frank Erik. T. , Kesner Lucie , Liberti Joanito , Helleu Quentin , LeBoeuf Adria C. , Dascalu Andrei , Sponsler Douglas B. , Azuma Fumika , Economo Evan P. , Waridel Patrice , Engel Philipp , Schmitt Thomas , Keller Laurent 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInfected wounds pose a major mortality risk in animals. Injuries are common in the ant Megaponera analis, which raids pugnacious prey. Here we show that M. analis can determine when wounds are infected and treat them accordingly. By applying a variety of antimicrobial compounds and proteins secreted from the metapleural gland to infected wounds, workers reduce the mortality of infected individuals by 90%. Chemical analyses showed that wound infection is associated with specific changes in the cuticular hydrocarbon profile, thereby likely allowing nestmates to diagnose the infection state of injured individuals and apply the appropriate antimicrobial treatment. This study demonstrates that M. analis ant societies use antimicrobial compounds produced in the metapleural glands to treat infected wounds and reduce nestmate mortality.
The first petrographic characterisation of a prehistoric rock crystal mine in the Swiss Alps
Authors: Hess Thomas , Mullis Josef , Franz Leander 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOver the past decades, there has been increasing evidence for the prehistoric use of rock crystal in mountainous environments, including craft specialisation and long-distance exchange. Yet there are only a few known sites where the mineral was quarried in sustainable quantities. One of them is situated near Fiescheralp in the Upper Valais (Switzerland) and dates to the Early Mesolithic and a final stage of the Neolithic. Here we present the first petrographic characterisation of a prehistoric rock crystal mine in the Swiss Alps, involving a combination of different methods. The article provides a detailed description of the fluid inclusions within the quartz crystals and an overview over the related mineral paragenesis. This gives interesting new insights into the formation of the analysed fissure and allows comparing rock crystal artefacts found in other archaeological sites to this particular source. The results form the basis for further investigations concerning the circulation and distribution of the raw material in the past.
CPEB2 inhibit cell proliferation through upregulating p21 mRNA stability in glioma
Authors: Zhao Guang , Zhao Zhongjun , Xia Mingyi , Xiao Lishun , Zhu Bao , Wang Hui , Li Xiang , Di Jiehui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGlioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults and remains an incurable disease at present. Thus, there is an urgent need for progress in finding novel molecular mechanisms that control the progression of glioma which could be used as therapeutic targets for glioma patients. The RNA binding protein cytoplasmic polyadenylate element-binding protein 2 (CPEB2) is involved in the pathogenesis of several tumors. However, the role of CPEB2 in glioma progression is unknown. In this study, the functional characterization of the role and molecular mechanism of CPEB2 in glioma were examined using a series of biological and cellular approaches in vitro and in vivo. Our work shows CPEB2 is significantly downregulated in various glioma patient cohorts. Functional characterization of CPEB2 by overexpression and knockdown revealed that it inhibits glioma cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis. CPEB2 exerts an anti-tumor effect by increasing p21 mRNA stability and inducing G1 cell cycle arrest in glioma. Overall, this work stands as the first report of CPEB2 downregulation and involvement in glioma pathogenesis, and identifies CPEB2 as an important tumor suppressor gene through targeting p21 in glioma, which revealed that CPEB2 may become a promising predictive biomarker for prognosis in glioma patients.
Constructing custom thermodynamics using deep learning
Authors: Chen Xiaoli , Soh Beatrice W. , Ooi Zi-En , Vissol-Gaudin Eleonore , Yu Haijun , Novoselov Kostya S. , Hippalgaonkar Kedar , Li Qianxiao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOne of the most exciting applications of artificial intelligence is automated scientific discovery based on previously amassed data, coupled with restrictions provided by known physical principles, including symmetries and conservation laws. Such automated hypothesis creation and verification can assist scientists in studying complex phenomena, where traditional physical intuition may fail. Here we develop a platform based on a generalized Onsager principle to learn macroscopic dynamical descriptions of arbitrary stochastic dissipative systems directly from observations of their microscopic trajectories. Our method simultaneously constructs reduced thermodynamic coordinates and interprets the dynamics on these coordinates. We demonstrate its effectiveness by studying theoretically and validating experimentally the stretching of long polymer chains in an externally applied field. Specifically, we learn three interpretable thermodynamic coordinates and build a dynamical landscape of polymer stretching, including the identification of stable and transition states and the control of the stretching rate. Our general methodology can be used to address a wide range of scientific and technological applications.
Nonlinguistic Cognitive Functions of Mandarin Speakers With Poststroke Aphasia
Authors: Huang Tzu-Jung , Chang Ping-Hsin , Chiou Hsinhuei Sheen , Hsu Hsin-jen 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to examine the cognitive functions of Mandarin speakers with poststroke aphasia and to investigate the relationship between nonlinguistic cognitive deficits and the severity of aphasia.

Method:
Twenty-three adults with aphasia resulting from left-hemispheric stroke and 23 adults matched for age and educational level completed a series of six nonlinguistic cognitive tests measuring nonverbal intelligence, short-term memory, visual selective attention, visual alternating attention, auditory selective attention, and auditory alternating attention. A standardized aphasia assessment (Concise Chinese Aphasia Test [CCAT]) was also conducted to evaluate the severity of aphasia. Data analyses examined cognitive functions by comparing task performance of the two groups and examining the relationship between scores on the cognitive tasks and aphasia severity based on a hierarchical regression analysis.

Results:

The aphasia group scored significantly lower than the control group on all nonlinguistic cognitive tasks with large effect sizes (
d
= 0.95 ~ 1.54). Significant associations between different nonlinguistic cognitive tasks and CCAT subtests were observed. Results from the hierarchical regression analysis showed that auditory alternating attention was the only factor that significantly predicted aphasia severity based on CCAT overall scores after age and education level were taken into account.

Conclusions:
The findings align with prior research observing deficits in nonlinguistic cognition in individuals with aphasia. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
Postoperative CSF Leak: Blood Patch—A New Avenue
Authors: Lobo Geover , Lobo Sarita R. J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction Cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSF) after a neurosurgical procedure is a known complication that may result in bad outcomes (1). The incidence of CSF leak varies based on the site involved; it ranges from 4 to 32% for transsphenoidal to posterior fossa procedures. The costs involved in treating postoperative CSF leaks increases exponentially that becomes a barrier in continuing optimum treatment. There are many studies that compare the different treatment modalities and even use of sealing agents but none give an algorithm of management. Our study aims at known technique that can help to treat these kinds of low-pressure CSF leaks.
Materials and Methods This was a prospective study done over a period of 5 years from January 2014 to January 2019. All patients who underwent procedures in which durotomy was done were included in the study.
Results A total of six patients were enrolled for the study. The duration of the study spanned 5 years from January 2014 to January 2019. All the patients after taking informed consent underwent the necessary investigations and a blood patch was done. Five of the patients the CSF stopped but in one patient it persisted. This patient again underwent investigation and under image guidance another blood patch was put after which the CSF leak stopped.
Conclusion Blood patch under imaging guidance is a safe and simple technique. The success rates of cessation of CSF leaks are good. Also, it is a cost-effective method using an autograft (patient's blood).
Posterior Instrumentation of Cervical Spine: A Bibliometric Analysis of Trends in Publication
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Raj Vikash , Barik Sitanshu , Richa Richa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to perform a bibliometric analysis of the articles published on posterior instrumentation of cervical spine and to study the general publishing trends over the years in this topic in terms of journals, authors, topics, keywords, collaborating countries, etc.
Material and Methods Articles were searched on the web of science using appropriate keywords. A bibliometric analysis was performed using Bibliometrix R package
Results A total of 1,953 studies were identified between 1991 and 2023 including 1,782 articles and 171 reviews from 198 sources. A total of 3,421 author's keywords were used by 6,725 authors. Thirty-four documents are single authored. The average co-author per document is 5.63. The average citation per document is 22.62. There is international co-authorship in 13.11% documents. RM Xu and Sonntag VKH have maximum publications (n = 28). The “Spine” journal has the maximum number of publications (n = 335) and best H index of 64. United States has maximum number of publications (n = 1,720) and citations (n = 19,573). Publication by Harms et al in the “Spine” in 2001 has the highest global (n = 956) & local (n = 272) citations. Three-dimensional printing and atlantoaxial fixation are emerging trends.
Conclusion The findings of this study enhance the knowledge on the topic of posterior instrumentation of cervical spine and shall guide the trends and directions of future research and innovation.