bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Subgingival Controlled‐Release Delivery of Chlorhexidine Chip onClinical Parameters and Matrix Metalloproteinase‐8 Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid
Authors: Azmak Nezih , Atilla Gül , Luoto Hanne , Sorsa Timo 
Published: February 2005

Background: The present study evaluated the efficacy of controlledrelease delivery of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) on clinical parameters and on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8 levels in chronic periodontitis patients.Methods: Twenty patients with chronic periodontitis were screened for 6 months. Two interproximal sites were selected from mesial surfaces of anterior teeth with probing depths of 6 to 8 mm that bled on probing in each patient. There were at least 2 teeth between the selected sites. CHX chip was inserted into a randomly selected site following scaling and root planing (SRP+CHX), while the other selected site received only SRP in each patient. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), and papilla bleeding index (PBI) were recorded at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months. GCF MMP‐8 levels were analyzed at baseline; 2 and 10 days; and at 1, 3, and 6 months by immunofluorometric assay (IFMA).Results: At baseline, there were no statistically significant differences in the mean PD, CAL, PBI, and PI scores between SRP+CHX and SRP alone groups. At 1, 3, and 6 months, all clinical parameters in each group significantly decreased (P <0.0167) when compared to baseline. The reduction of PD and improvement in CAL were higher in the SRP+CHX group compared to SRP alone at 3 and 6 months. However, the differences between the 2 groups were not statistically significant. PBI and PI scores were not significantly different between SRP+CHX and SRP alone groups at any visit. GCF MMP‐8 levels were similar in both groups at baseline. Intragroup analysis showed significant decreases in the GCF MMP‐8 level for the SRP+CHX group between baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months (P <0.01). Intergroup analysis demonstrated significantly lower mean levels of GCF MMP‐8 at 1 month in the SRP+CHX group compared to the SRP alone group (P <0.05).Conclusions: These data suggest that CHX chip application following SRP is beneficial in improving periodontal parameters and reducing GCF MMP‐8 levels for 6 months' duration. The use of a chairside MMP‐8 dipstick periodontitis test might be a useful adjunctive diagnostic tool when monitoring the course of CHX chip treatment. J Periodontol 2002;73:608‐615.
Lactoferrin Iron Levels Affect Attachment of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans to Buccal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Fine D.H. , Furgang D. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Prior reports have suggested that the iron‐binding protein lactoferrin (LF) may either kill Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) or interfere with its binding to host cells. Other studies have indicated that the degree of iron saturation of LF might play a role in these interactions. However, these studies utilized strains that had lost critical attachment characteristics found in well‐preserved clinical isolates of Aa. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of LF iron levels on survival and attachment of well‐preserved clinical isolates of Aa.Methods: LF containing 0%, 30%, and 100% iron saturation was tested for its ability to kill clinical isolates of Aa and to inhibit their binding to buccal epithelial cells (BECs).Results: Neither iron‐free LF (apo‐LF) nor iron‐saturated LF killed Aa clinical isolates. Increasing the iron saturation of LF resulted in an increased inhibition of Aa binding to BECs (P ≤0.005). This effect was consistent for the 3 clinical isolates tested. Pretreatment of Aa with iron‐saturated LF reduced binding to BECs by 58%, 61.8%, and 64.2%, respectively, for each of the 3 clinical strains tested (P ≤0.005). Pretreatment of Aa strains with apo‐LF, iron alone, or bovine serum albumin had no effect on binding. Pretreatment of BECs with LF (either apo‐LF or iron‐containing LF) had no influence on Aa binding.Conclusions: These results indicate that reduction in binding of Aa to epithelial cells is maximized by pretreatment of Aa cells with iron‐saturated lactoferrin. These in vitro results suggest that patients with lactoferrin containing lowered levels of iron would be more susceptible to Aa colonization. J Periodontol 2002;73:616‐623.
Oral Manifestations of Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia: A Case Report and Review of the Classification of Leukemias
Authors: Wu Josephine , Fantasia John E. , Kaplan Robert 
Published: February 2005

Background: Oral signs and symptoms may indicate a serious underlying systemic disease. The most frequently observed oral findings of leukemia are mucosal bleeding and ulceration, petechiae, and gingival hyperplasia. This case report describes a 53‐year‐old male who presented with gingival enlargement and bleeding, fatigue, and recent weight loss as initial manifestations of acute myelomonocytic leukemia.Methods: A gingival biopsy was performed, revealing the presence of a hypercellular infiltrate of atypical myeloid and monocytic cells. Further work‐up consisted of a complete blood count, bone marrow biopsy, and immunohistochemical and histochemical analysis of biopsy material and flow cytometry of peripheral blood.Results: Flow cytometry results confirmed that the infiltrate was of a myelomonocytic origin, and a diagnosis of acute myelomonocytic leukemia was rendered. The patient responded well to a chemotherapeutic induction regimen of cytosine arabinoside and idarubicin hydrochloride, with regression of gingival enlargement and remission of disease. The patient continued with consolidation chemotherapy and an autologous bone marrow transplant, but eventually died 22 months after initial diagnosis.Conclusions: Oral health care professionals, especially periodontists, must recognize that gingival enlargement may represent an initial manifestation of an underlying systemic disease. Acute myelogenous leukemia is a hematological disorder with a predilection for gingival involvement. J Periodontol 2002;73:664‐668.
Pathogenetic Roles of Angiogenic Factors in Pyogenic Granulornas in Pregnancy Are Modulated by Female Sex Hormones
Authors: Yuan Kuo , Wing Lih‐Yuh C. , Lin Ming T. 
Published: February 2005

Background: An abundance of microvessels is the major phenotype of pyogenic granuloma, which has been considered a hormone‐related lesion based on clinical observations. Although angiogenic factors and inflammatory cytokines have been implied to play roles in the pathogenesis of pyogenic granuloma, their links to female steroid hormones still remain to be elucidated. Since apoptosis is important in limiting inflammation, we also investigated whether steroid hormones could protect granuloma cells from apoptosis and, therefore, lead to over‐reactive inflammatory response.Methods: We employed immunoassays in a series of experiments, including human pyogenic granuloma in pregnancy, mouse air pouch granuloma and U937 (monoblastoid) cells in culture to clarify the relationship among vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐ 1 beta and female steroid hormones in granuloma formation. The apoptotic rates were analyzed in vivo and in vitro by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated deoxyuridine 5‐triphosphate nick end labeling. (TUNEL) and flow cytometry, respectively.Results: Both in human and animal studies, the immunoassays (enzyme‐linked immunoabsorbent assay [ELISA] and irnmunohistochemistry) detected significantly more VEGF and bFGF and less TNF‐α in hormones than the control group, while TUNEL assay revealed less apoptotic cells in groups with pregnancy levels of hormones. In vitro, progesterone enhanced the expression of VEGF in LPS‐treated U937 cells. Both estrogen and progesterone inhibited the apoptosis of U937 cells triggered by exogenous TNF‐αConclusions: Female steroid hormones may have dual effects on the pathogenesis of pyogenic granuloma in pregnancy. The hormones not only enhance the expression of angiogenic factors in inflamed tissue, but also decrease apoptosis of granuloma cells to extend angiogenic effect. J Periodontol 2002;73:701‐708.
Function of Laminins and Laminin‐Binding Integrins In Gingival Epithelial Cell Adhesion
Authors: Pakkala Tuomas , Virtanen lsmo , Oksanen Jaana , Jones Jonathan C.R. , Hormia Marketta 
Published: February 2005

Background: In human gingiva, epithelial cells attach to their adjacent tissues by means of specialized molecular adhesion complexes and a basement membrane. Little is known about the synthesis of adhesion proteins by gingival keratinocytes; we, therefore, studied how cultured immortalized gingival epithelial cells produce laminins and express laminin‐binding integrins. We presumed that different laminins and integrins would be involved in the adhesion of gingival epithelial cells.Methods: We cultured gingival keratinocytes and studied their production of laminins and expression of integrins using immunofluorescence microscopy, immunoprecipitation, and immunoblotting methods and by quantitative cell adhesion experiments. We also studied how gingival tissue expresses these adhesion proteins in vivo by using immunofluorescence microscopy.Results: In immunofluorescence microscopy, the cells were seen to organize chains of laminin‐5 (α3β3γ2) to extracellular patches, whereas the α5 chain of laminin‐10 (α5βlγl) could only be seen intracellularly. Of the laminin‐binding integrin subunits, integrin α6 subunit was organized to dotted arrays, typical of prehemidesmosomal adhesions, whereas integrin α3 subunit was located at cell‐cell junctions, in prehemidesmosomal structures, and at some locations also in small focal‐contact like patches. lntegrin β1 subunit was found at cell‐cell junctions and in focal contacts. lmmunoprecipitation experiments showed that the cells synthesize and secrete chains of laminin‐5 and laminin‐ 10. In quantitative cell adhesion experiments, the cells adhered efficiently to these laminins by using cooperatively integrin α3β1 and α6β1 integrin complexes. None of the other known laminin‐binding integrin subunits appeared to be significantly involved in cell adhesion to these laminin isoforms.Conclusions: Our results provide new information on gingival epithelial cell adhesion and extracellular matrix production and may thus aid in the understanding of periodontal physiology. J Periodontol 2002;73:709‐719.
The Role of Soluble Interleukin (IL)‐6 Receptor in Mediating the effects of IL‐6 on Matrix Metalloproteinase‐1 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase‐1 Expression by Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Irwin Chris R. , Myrillas Theofilos T. , Traynor Patrick , Leadbetter Nicola , Cawston Timothy E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is a multifunctional cytokine thought to play a role in the tissue destruction that characterizes periodontal disease. IL‐6 exerts its cellular effects through a cell‐surface receptor which also exists in a soluble from (sIL‐6r). This study investigated the effects of IL‐6 on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1 activity in gingival fibroblast cultures, specifically determining the role of the sIL‐6r in mediating these actions.Methods: Fibroblasts were grown to confluence, washed in Hank's balanced saline solution (HBSS), and then cultured for 72 hours in serum‐free medium supplemented with 0.2% bovine serum albumin, 1 µg/ml Escherichia coli LPS and containing various combinations of IL‐6 and its soluble receptor over the concentration range 0 to 1,000 ng/ml. MMP‐1 and tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)‐1 protein levels in the conditioned medium were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and collagenolytic activity determined using a 3H‐acetylated type 1 collagen degradation assay.Results: Results indicated that the addition of IL‐6 alone to cultures, over the concentration range 0 to 1,000 ng/ml, had no significant effect on MMP‐1 protein expression. However, addition of IL‐6 in combination with its soluble receptor resulted in a statistically significant, dose‐dependent upregulation in MMP‐1 expression. The IL‐6/slL‐6r combination also induced a significant increase in collagenolytic activity in cultures. IL‐6 and slL‐6r, either alone or in combination, had no marked effect on TlMP expression or cell growth.Conclusions: These data strongly suggest that future clinical studies investigating the role of IL‐6 in periodontal disease must also determine the levels of slL‐6r within the periodontal tissues. J Periodontol 2002;73:741‐747.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factor‐α and ‐β1 Are Released From Human Cultured Gingival Epithelial Sheets
Authors: Momose Manabu , Murata Masashi , Kato Yumi , Yamazaki Kazushisa , Shinohara Chikara , Yoshie Hiromasa 
Published: February 2005

Background: It has been demonstrated that human cultured epithelial sheets prepared by tissue engineering techniques provide useful graft material for wound healing and tissue regeneration. However, limited information is available with regard to biological effects such as release of growth factors from human cultured gingival epithelial sheets (HCGES). The purpose of this study was to measure the levels of growth factors released from HCGES into culture mediumMethods: Twenty patients aged 44 to 71 years with generalized chronic periodontitis were recruited, and their gingival tissues obtained during periodontal flap surgery. The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor‐α and ‐βl (TGF‐α and ‐βl), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) released into the culture medium were determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay at the just confluent (Tl) and the adequate stratification (T2) culture stages. The medium without cells was collected as a control (TO) statistical tests were performed by analysis of variance and sheffé multiple range test among TO, T1, and T2.Results: Significantly higher levels of VEGF and TGF‐α were observed at T1 and T2 compared to To (P<0.001). In addition, there was a significant difference in the TGF‐α levels between T2 and T1 (P<0.001). TGF‐βl at T1 was significantly higher in comparison to T0 (P<0.0l). EGF had been released only in a small amount at T2.Conclusion: This study indicates that meaningful amounts of VEGF and TGF‐α and ‐βl are released from HCGES, which suggests potential for promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration after grafting. J Periodontol 2002;73:748‐753.
Comparative Study of Buccal Dehiscence Defects in Immediate, Delayed, and Late Maxillary Implant Placement With Collagen Membranes: Clinical Healing Between Placement and Second‐Stage Surgery
Authors: Nemcovsky Carlos E. , Artzi Zvi 
Published: February 2005

Background: Implants can be placed at the time of tooth extraction (immediate), after several weeks (delayed), or after complete healing (late). The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical bone healing of buccal dehiscence‐type defects around maxillary implants placed together with bioabsorbable collagen barrier membranes and bone graft at the 3 time points.Methods: Three implant placement protocols were compared: immediate procedures primarily closed by a rotated split palatal flap (19 patients, 23 implants; group 1); delayed sites closed by a rotated (full‐thickness) palatal flap at the time of tooth extraction (25 patients, 39 implants; group 2); and late implantation (22 patients, 40 implants; group 3). One to 3 proximal implants were simultaneously placed. Defect height and width were measured at the time of implant placement and at second‐stage surgery. Surface area was calculated as half ellipses.Results: The best results were obtained with delayed implantation. The mean percentage of the reduced defect height for groups 1, 2, and 3 was 77.4% ± 16.92%, 88.8% ± 15.29%. and 75.2% ± 17.99%, respectively, and the mean percentage area of the reduced defect was 90.2% ± 9.1 5%, 95.6% ± 8.73%, and 87.6% ± 11.48%, respectively. Differences between groups were statistically significant. The mean percentage of the reduced defect height and area was significantly smaller when there was spontaneous implant cover screw exposure. Single rather than multiple implant placement led to significantly better results.Conclusions: Timing of placement, number of simultaneously placed implants, and spontaneous implant exposure significantly influence clinical bone healing around maxillary implants placed together with augmentation procedures. J Periodontol 2002;73:754‐761.
Permeability of Streptococcus mutans and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Through Guided Tissue Regeneration Membranes and Their Effects on Attachment of Periodontal Ligament Cells
Authors: Hung Shan‐Ling , Lin Yi‐Wen , Wang Yi‐Hui , Chen Yen‐Ting , Su Cheng‐Yao , Ling Li‐Jane 
Published: February 2005

Background: Microbial colonization on barrier materials used in guided tissue regeneration (GTR) may adversely affect treatment outcomes. The purposes of this study were: 1) to compare the invasion of Streptococcus mutans and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans through 3 GTR membranes, composed of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE; non‐resorbable), a glycolide fiber composite, and type I collagen (both bioabsorbable), and 2) to explore the effects of bacteria on the attachment of periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts onto these membranes.Methods: Bacterial permeability was analyzed using a tube capped with a GTR membrane as a septum and filled with media. The tube was then placed in a bigger tube inoculated with S. mutans or A. actinomycetemcomitans. The passage of bacteria through the membranes into the inner tube was monitored. For cellular attachment experiments, primary human PDL cells were placed onto the GTR membranes with or without bacteria. Attached cells were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.Results: The ePTFE membrane had the best barrier effects followed by the collagen membrane and then the glycolide fiber composite membrane. Moreover, S. mutans passed through these membranes faster than A. actinomycetemcomitans. The attachment of PDL cells on the 3 membranes was also varied. The ePTFE membrane was the worst substrate for PDL fibroblast attachment. Moreover, both bacteria influenced the cellular attachment on the GTR membranes.Conclusions: Differences in the behavior of 3 GTR membranes penetrated by S. mutans and A. actinomycetemcomitans were demonstrated. The results suggest that attachment of PDL cells was affected on bacterial‐contaminated GTR membranes, which may alter healing following membrane exposure. J Periodontol 2002;73:843‐851.
A Study of the Initial Attachment and Subsequent Behavior of Rat Oral Epithelial Cells Cultured on Titanium
Authors: Shiraiwa Masaru , Goto Tetsuya , Yoshinari Masao , Koyano Kiyoshi , Tanaka Teruo 
Published: February 2005

Background: The seal between an implant and the oral epithelium is an important factor for successful implant therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the initial attachment and subsequent behavior of rat oral epithelial (OE) cells on pure titanium (Ti) used for dental implants.Methods: OE cells derived from 4‐day‐old rats were cultured on Ti, polystyrene culture dishes, and glass coverslips. The number of attached cells, cell areas, number of colonies, and proliferation rates were measured. Additionally, immunostaining of vinculin and laminin‐5 (LN5) was performed, and LN5‐immunoreactive areas were measured.Results: After 24 hours of culture, there were fewer cells attached to the Ti than to the polystyrene dishes or glass coverslips, and the area of cells was greater on the polystyrene than on the Ti or glass. OE cells reached their maximum proliferation rate after 48 hours of culture on the polystyrene and glass, and after 72 hours on Ti. LN5 was deposited behind cells as they migrated, and the LN5‐immunoreactive area was smaller on Ti than on polystyrene after 96 hours of culture.Conclusions: The initial attachment of OE cells to Ti was inferior to that on polystyrene or glass, and the OE cell migration area indicated by the deposition of LN5 was smaller on Ti than on the other materials. Therefore, this study suggests that further improvement of Ti surface properties is needed for rapid attachment and spreading of oral epithelium to dental implants. J Periodontol 2002;73:852‐860.
Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis DNA in Aortic Tissue by PCR
Authors: Stelzel Michael , Conrads Georg , Pankuweit Sabine , Maisch Bernhard , Vogt Sebastian , Moosdorf Rainer , Flores‐de‐Jacoby Lavin 
Published: February 2005

Background: Periodontopathogens may play a role in the etiology of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate biopsies of aortic tissue for the presence of periodontopathogens.Methods: Samples taken from the aortas of 26 patients connected to a heart‐lung machine during open‐heart surgery were analyzed in a gene‐diagnostics laboratory by polymerase chain reaction. Immediately after biopsy, the samples were transferred into liquid nitrogen and stored at −80°C. 16S rRNA gene‐directed primers were used for general detection of bacterial cells, and specific primers for detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Questionable amplificons were verified by Southern hybridization using DNA probes.Results: Bacterial DNA was found in 23 of 26 (88.5%) samples, in most cases only in concentrations around the detection limit. Four samples were clearly positive for P. gingivalis; A. actinomycetemcomitans was not detected.Conclusion: These results might indicate a link between periodontopathogens entering the cardiovascular system and cardiovascular disease. J Periodontol 2002;73:868‐870.
Eikenella corrodens in Subgingival Plaque: Relationship to Age and Periodontal Condition
Authors: Suda Reiko , Lai Chern‐Hsiung , Yang Hui‐Wen , Hasegawa Kohji 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of Eikenella corrodens (E. corrodens) in subgingival plaque in different age and periodontitis groups and to examine whether its presence is related to periodontal diseases.Methods: A total of 273 subgingival plaque samples from 213 periodontitis patients and 60 healthy subjects were assessed. Smears from each plaque sample were made and E. corrodens was detected by means of indirect immunofluorescent technique. Mean percentage of E. corrodens per total bacteria (distribution) was calculated in each sample. The prevalence (% of positive samples) and distribution of E. corrodens were statistically analyzed based on age or diagnosis by means of Fisher's exact test and analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: Prevalence of E. corrodens decreased by age in the healthy control group; however, prevalence did not change in periodontitis groups. Distribution of E. corrodens was highest in juvenile periodontitis (JP) (2.3 ± 1.5%) followed by post‐JP (1.7 ± 2.1%), prepubertal periodontitis (1.4 ± 1.1%), rapidly progressive periodontitis (0.8 ± 0.7%), adult periodontitis (0.7 ± 0.6%), and healthy subjects (0.3 ± 0.3%) (ANOVA, P <0.0001). The <20‐year‐old age group with periodontitis showed the highest distribution of E. corrodens (2.2 ± 1.6%) compared to the older age groups who were either healthy or had periodontitis (ANOVA, P <0.0001).Conclusions: Since the distribution of E. corrodens is significantly higher in JP, post‐JP, and PP, E. corrodens might play an important role in the occurrence or progression of periodontitis in young patients. J Periodontol 2002;73:886‐891.