bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of effectiveness and cost of different HCV testing strategies in high‐risk populations in China
Authors: Chen Bing , Xu Bing , Cui Hai‐yan , Ma Zhong‐hui , Guo Wen‐hui , Pei Li‐jian , Xing Wen‐ge 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHigh‐risk populations are the predominant populations affected by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and there is an urgent need for efficient and cost‐effective HCV testing strategies for high‐risk populations to identify potential undiagnosed HCV‐infected individuals. This study compared several commonly used testing strategies and conducted effectiveness and cost analysis to select the appropriate testing strategy for diagnosing HCV infection in high‐risk populations. Among the 2093 samples from high‐risk populations in this study, 1716 were HCV negative, 237 were current HCV infection, 137 were past HCV infection, and three were acute early HCV infection. It was found that out of 237 patients with HCV current infection, Strategy A could detect 225 cases, with a missed detection rate of 5.06%, and the total cost was 33 299 RMB. In addition, Strategy B could detect 237 cases of current HCV infection, and the HCV missed detection rate was 0.00%, and the total cost was 147 221 RMB. While 137 cases of past HCV infection could be distinguished by strategy C, but 14 cases with current HCV infection were missed, with an HCV‐positive missed detection rate of 5.91%, and the total cost for Strategy C was 43 059 RMB. In conclusion, in high‐risk populations, the HCV positivity rate is typically higher. If feasible, the preferred approach is to directly conduct HCV RNA testing, which effectively minimizes the risk of missing cases. However, in situations with limited resources, it is advisable to initially choose a highly sensitive method for anti‐HCV screening, followed by HCV RNA testing on reactive samples.
Supercritical and homogenous transmission of monkeypox in the capital of China
Authors: Zhang Yunjun , Zhou Xiaohua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStarting from May 31, 2023, the local transmission of monkeypox (Mpox) in mainland China began in Beijing. Till now, the transmission characteristics have not been explored. Based on the daily Mpox incidence data in the first 3 weeks of Beijing (from May 31 to June 21, 2023), we employed the instant‐individual heterogeneity transmission model to simultaneously calculate the effective reproduction number (Re) and the degree of heterogeneity (k) of the Beijing epidemic. We additionally simulated the monthly infection size in Beijing from July to November and compared with the reported data to project subsequent transmission dynamics. We estimated Re to be 1.68 (95% highest posterior density [HPD]: 1.12−2.41), and k to be 2.57 [95% HPD: 0.54−83.88], suggesting the transmission of Mpox in Beijing was supercritical and didn't have considerable transmission heterogeneity. We projected that Re fell in the range of 0.95−1.0 from July to November, highlighting more efforts needed to further reduce the Mpox transmissibility. Our findings revealed supercritical and homogeneous transmission of the Mpox epidemic in Beijing. Our results could serve as a reference for understanding and predicting the ongoing Mpox transmission in other regions of China and evaluating the effect of control measures.
Association between cytomegalovirus seropositivity and all‐cause mortality: An original cohort study
Authors: Huang Xiaoping , Meng Yaxian , Hu Xinyi , Zhang Aijie , Ji Qianqian , Liang Zhirou , Fang Fang , Zhan Yiqiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo examine the association between cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity and all‐cause mortality in a nationwide cohort of US adults. We obtained data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (1988‐1994), including 16,547 participants aged 18‐90 years old with CMV serology assessments. Mortality status was ascertained until December 2019 using the National Death Index linkage data. The Cox proportional hazard model was applied to estimate the association between CMV seropositivity and mortality. During a median follow‐up of 26.3 years, 6,930 deaths were recorded. CMV seropositivity was associated with a higher hazard of all‐cause mortality after adjusting for attained age, sex, and ethnicity (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.36, p < 0.001). The magnitude of the association attenuated slightly after adjusting further for body mass index, family income, smoking status, diabetes, and self‐reported cancer history (HR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.23, p = 0.04). While the association was observed for both men and women, it was only statistically significant among non‐Hispanic white people (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.26, p = 0.001) but not among other ethnic populations. CMV seropositivity might be an independent risk factor for all‐cause mortality among US adults. If the findings are validated in an independent population, further research is needed to unveil the biological mechanisms driving the increased mortality with CMV seropositivity.
An observational study on the prevalence of choledochal cyst with pancreatitis: Geographical implications and management
Authors: Hegde Shalini G. , Venkatesh Prassanna , Mathew Elaine A. , Patil Mallikarjun , Kumar Prasanna 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study was to analyse the prevalence, risk factors and need for intervention in a sample of Indian children with choledochal cyst (CDC) complicated by pancreatitis with a special focus on chronic pancreatitis. A retrospective review of medical records of children admitted with CDC over 11 years was done and pancreatitis identified using INSPPIRE guidelines. Children were divided into two groups—one having choledochal cyst alone and the other choledochal cyst along with pancreatitis to determine associated risk factors. 40.2% of children with CDC had pancreatitis based on elevation of enzymes or radiological imaging. Age, total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin, requirement of intervention was significantly higher in the group with pancreatitis. 47% of those with radiological features of pancreatitis had imaging features of chronic pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis has not been reported previously in children with CDC and maybe peculiar to the Indian subcontinent.
Pharmacist impact on pneumococcal vaccination rates through incorporation of pharmacist‐led opportunistic inpatient vaccination intervention
Authors: Nguyen Tinh , Lam Patrick 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPneumococcal disease continues to be a large source of morbidity and mortality despite the availability of effective prevention via immunisation and treatment measures.AimTo assess the impact of a pharmacist‐led opportunistic inpatient pneumococcal vaccination intervention on overall 13‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (13vPCV) rates in eligible hospitalised subacute patients, aged 70 years and above.MethodThis study was a pre‐ and post‐intervention study conducted across two study sites at Monash Health, a large metropolitan health service in Victoria, Australia. Phase 1 (pre‐intervention, August–October 2022) involved auditing the vaccine‐eligibility of patients on admission and subsequent administration during inpatient stay. Phase 2 (intervention phase, October–December 2022) implemented the pharmacist‐led opportunistic inpatient pneumococcal vaccine intervention. Following screening, identified vaccine‐eligible patients were recommended to the treating physician via verbal discussion and Microsoft Teams for consideration of vaccination administration in hospital. The proportion of eligible patients vaccinated was compared between the pre‐intervention and intervention groups. This project was exempt for ethics approval due to the local policy requirements that constitute research by the Monash Health Human and Research Ethics Committee (Reference no: RES‐22‐0000‐454Q). The justification for this ethics exemption was as follows: the project complies with the National Health and Medical Research Council's Ethical considerations in quality assurance and evaluation activities; auditing the percentage of vaccine‐eligible and non‐vaccinated patients did not require written consent per local requirements; and it is standard practice to obtain verbal consent, followed by documentation on electronic medical records, for inpatient vaccinations. Informed consent was obtained from participants via verbal consent after the distribution of written medical information on the 13vPCV, as well as verbal information provided by the medical team.ResultsA total of 360 patients were included in the study. Overall, 139 (77.2%) patients in the pre‐intervention and 143 (79.4%) patients in the intervention phase were eligible for vaccination (non‐vaccinated with age indication). The proportion of patients receiving inpatient 13vPCV was higher in the intervention group compared to the pre‐intervention group (43.4 vs 2.2%, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe results indicate that incorporating a pharmacist‐led opportunistic inpatient pneumococcal vaccination intervention can significantly increase pneumococcal vaccination in hospital.
Provision of vaccination service in a community pharmacy: impact on pharmacists' job satisfaction and well‐being
Authors: Shahin Wejdan , Jnoub Sandra , Al Khaqane Ghufran , Matti Evet , Dunkley M. Kay , Thrimawithana Thilini 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe expanding scope of practice for pharmacists in Australia now includes the provision of vaccination services. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the perceptions of pharmacists regarding vaccination services and the impact of providing this service on their job satisfaction and well‐being.AimThis study aims to evaluate the job satisfaction and well‐being of pharmacists in Australia regarding the provision of vaccination services. Additionally, it aims to determine the barriers to administering vaccines by pharmacists.MethodA mixed‐methods study was conducted among pharmacists in Australia. An anonymous survey was distributed to pharmacies via email and advertised on social media sites. Ethics approval was granted by the RMIT Research Ethics Committee (Reference no: 24747) and the study conforms to the Australian National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research. Informed consent was obtained for all participants via a project information sheet and voluntary completion of an anonymous survey.ResultsThe study found that community pharmacists experienced moderate job satisfaction levels, with mean job satisfaction and well‐being scores of 17.6 (±6.2) and 17.0 (±6.50) respectively. A correlation was identified between job satisfaction and well‐being, indicating that lower job satisfaction corresponded to lower well‐being. Factors such as years of experience (p = 0.001), work‐related stress (p = 0.001), willingness to vaccinate (p = 0.001), workload (p = 0.001) and lack of support and reimbursement for vaccinating pharmacists influenced job satisfaction and well‐being levels.ConclusionThe study highlights the median to minimal job satisfaction levels among pharmacists in Australia and the correlation between pharmacists' willingness to administer vaccines and their job satisfaction and well‐being. Additionally, the study underscores the need for additional support and reimbursement for vaccinating pharmacists. To enhance the pharmacy profession's role in the healthcare system, new strategies are required to support pharmacists in providing vaccination services.
Unveiling the potential of red koji polysaccharides: biosynthesis, extraction, and multifaceted biological activities
Authors: Zhang Mengyao , Chen Wei , Wang Chengtao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRed koji polysaccharides, derived from the fermentation of Monascus, have been recognized for their health‐enhancing properties. This article reviews their structural characteristics, biosynthesis pathways, and biological activities. It emphasizes the need for sustainable practices in fermentation and the optimization of extraction methods for scalable production. The significance of exploring the molecular mechanisms involved in their biosynthesis is also highlighted to enhance yield and efficiency. Research indicates that red koji polysaccharides possess diverse biological functions, beneficial for pharmaceutical applications due to their health benefits and minimal toxicity. The review points out the necessity for more detailed studies on key enzymes and genes in biosynthesis to improve production methods. It also identifies the current challenges in production scalability and extraction efficiency. Furthermore, while these polysaccharides show potential in pharmaceuticals, their clinical efficacy and mechanism of action in human subjects require further investigation. The review briefly explores potential structural modifications to improve their biological activities. The review concludes that red koji polysaccharides hold significant untapped potential, particularly in drug formulation. Future research should focus on overcoming current production and application challenges, including conducting clinical trials to validate their efficacy and exploring structural modifications for enhanced therapeutic benefits. This comprehensive understanding of red koji polysaccharides paves the way for their expanded application in the pharmaceutical industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Bear deterrence with scare devices, a non‐lethal tool in the use‐of‐force continuum
Authors: Sarmento Wesley M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWild animals eating agricultural products and coming close to people's residences are primary causes of human–wildlife conflict worldwide. When carnivores eat anthropogenic foods and cause human safety concerns, it often results in the removal of the animals and public demand for reduced wildlife populations. The use of remote methods, such as scare devices, to deter carnivores has been touted in the literature; however, efficacy evidence remains thin. I test the efficacy of a widely available motion‐activated solar alarm lamp to deter grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) from farms in Montana, USA. When scare devices were activated, there was a 46% reduction in the odds bears would access an attractant. For every additional scare device, there was an additional 44% reduction in the odds of a bear getting the food. Additionally, scare devices caused bears to be more vigilant and increase movement behavior. More bears in a group led to loss of deterrence efficacy, and there was no evidence for habituation to the aversive stimuli. This deterrence method was most effective in August and for fungicide‐treated wheat. Out of 21 farms, scare devices stopped bears from returning to 11 sites. Overall, scare devices can be a cheap and easy first step to preventing, or resolving, some grizzly bear issues in the use‐of‐force continuum, which hierarchically organizes conflict responses from non‐lethal to more severe.
Selective neural inhibition via photobiomodulation alleviates behavioral hypersensitivity associated with small sensory fiber activation
Authors: Buzza Andrew , Tapas Kalista , Zhuo Junqi , Anders Juanita J. , Lewis Stephen J. , Jenkins Michael W. , Moffitt Michael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivePhotobiomodulation at higher irradiances has great potential as a pain‐alleviating method that selectively inhibits small diameter nerve fibers and corresponding sensory experiences, such as nociception and heat sensation. The longevity and magnitude of these effects as a function of laser irradiation parameters at the nerve was explored.MethodsIn a rodent chronic pain model (spared nerve injury—SNI), light was applied directly at the sural nerve with four delivery schemes: two irradiance levels (7.64 and 2.55 W/cm2) for two durations each, corresponding to either 4.8 or 14.4 J total energy, and the effect on sensory hypersensitivities was evaluated.ResultsAt emitter irradiances of 7.64 W/cm2 (for 240 s), 2.55 W/cm2 (for 720 s), and 7.64 W/cm2 (for 80 s) the heat hypersensitivity was relieved the day following photobiomodulation (PBM) treatment by 37 ± 8.1% (statistically significant, p < 0.001), 26% ± 6% (p = 0.072), and 28 ± 6.1% (statistically significant, p = 0.032), respectively, and all three treatments reduced the hypersensitivity over the course of the experiment (13 days) at a statistically significant level (mixed‐design analysis of variance, p < 0.05). The increases in tissue temperature (5.3 ± 1.0 and 1.3 ± 0.4°C from 33.3°C for the higher and lower power densities, respectively) at the neural target were well below those typically associated with permanent action potential disruption.ConclusionsThe data from this study support the use of direct PBM on nerves of interest to reduce sensitivities associated with small‐diameter fiber activity.
Trendbericht Anorganik 2024: Hauptgruppen‐ und Molekülchemie
Authors: Fischer Malte , Heift Dominikus 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHauptgruppen‐ und Molekülchemie: Die leichteste Metall‐Metall‐Bindung im Bisberyllocen; ein doppeltes Highlight in der Carbenchemie: C zweifach oxidiert mit formal vier Valenzelektronen und Bor‐Flanken für extreme Lewis‐Azidität; außergewöhnliche Liganden ermöglichen, ungewöhnlich reaktive Spezies zu isolieren: ein kristallines Triplett‐Bismutiniden. Nebengruppen, Bioanorganik und Koordinationschemie: Rhodiumnitren, zweifach koordiniertes Ytterbium und lumineszierendes Chrom sowie quadratisch‐planares Cu4S.
Impfstoffkonzepte: Tot oder lebendig
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNeue Ansätze gegen Sars‐CoV‐2 berücksichtigen künftige Virusvarianten und besondere Patientengruppen, etwa Immunsupprimierte. Zu Entwicklungsstrategien gehören Computersimulationen sowie die Beobachtung realer Viren und ihrer Evolution im Hochsicherheitslabor.
Weltklimakonferenz: Drei Krisen gemeinsam lösen
Authors: Große Ophoff Markus 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDie deutsche Chemie‐, Metall‐ und Baustoffindustrie bekannte sich in Dubai zu Energie aus erneuerbaren Quellen. Nachhaltige Chemikalien, Schadstofffreiheit und Überdüngung wurden eher wissenschaftlich erörtert.
Do live-well additives influence the physiological and behavioral recovery of Largemouth Bass?
Authors: LaRochelle Luc , Haniford Laura , Burton Declan , Bieber John F. , Robichaud Jessica A. , Suski Cory D. , Danylchuk Andy J. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
There is an ongoing effort to enhance the welfare and survival of black bass Micropterus spp. released after angling tournaments. Live-well additives are substances added to live-well water that are intended to help fish recover during retention. Aside from claims made by manufacturers, little information is available on the additives' effectiveness for recovery or their potential welfare consequences. Thus, our objective was to test whether live-well additives influence fish physiology and postrelease behavior.

Methods
Two techniques were used to test the influence of live-well additives on the welfare of angled Largemouth Bass M. nigricans (LMB) held in a live well with lake water (control) or one of three additive products. Prior to fish release, pop-off biologging packages were fastened to a subset of LMB to monitor behavior (locomotor activity, depth, and water temperature use) for 5 min (n = 61) and blood samples were taken from another subset of LMB to assess their physiology (n = 47). We obtained baseline (n = 9) blood samples from LMB immediately upon capture.

Result
Regardless of treatment, postrelease locomotor activity increased with increasing time spent in the live wells. Live-well additive type alone did not have an influence on the postrelease locomotor activity. Further, LMB retained in the live wells had greater blood glucose and lactate concentrations relative to baseline LMB, suggesting that fish did not recover from angling during retention in live wells. Other than elevated plasma chloride levels of LMB held in one of the live-well additives, plasma chloride and sodium concentrations for LMB in live wells with additives and for those in the control live well did not differ, suggesting that the LMB had not recovered while retained.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that the live-well additives tested did not enhance recovery or reduce confinement stress of LMB retained in live wells under the tested circumstances. Additional research on live-well additives is needed given that our findings did not align with the claims made by the manufacturers of these products. We suggest that anglers intending to retain fish in live wells should use fresh, well-oxygenated lake water.
Analyzing nonlinear dynamics of dengue epidemics: A fractional order model with alert state and optimal control strategies
Authors: Balakumar Abilasha , Muthukumar Sumathi , Chinnadurai Veeramani 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDengue fever is a viral disease that results in numerous fatalities and considerable financial burden. Although vaccines have been developed to treat it, some countries still have endemic cases of the disease. To manage the transmission of the disease in these areas, we create a new model that includes an alert compartment to analyze the dynamics of dengue using a fractional‐order approach. We conduct a qualitative analysis of the model and use the Pontryagin principle to develop and study an optimal control problem. Since there is no definitive treatment for dengue, it is essential to prioritize measures that control or prevent the transmission of the disease. We consider control measures, including prevention efforts, insecticides, educational campaigns, and treatment for humans. We can analyze their impact on the transmission dynamics through numerical simulations. We compare our model to an existing one in two ways: with alert and without alert. We analyze the memory effect and validate the results by interpreting parameters on the reproduction number. Our results indicate that individual control measures are insufficient to eliminate the disease, and a combination of all control measures with timely alerts to the population is necessary.
Calibration and uncertainty quantification for Davis Equation of State models for the High Explosive PBX 9501 products
Authors: Andrews Stephen A. , Leiding Jeffery A. , Thrussell Jasper , Ticknor Christopher 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the uncertainty in the parameters used in the calibration of an Davis Equation Of State (EOS) for the detonation products of the High Explosive PBX 9501. The procedure sought to make use of all available information about this HE to inform the best set of calibration parameters as well as the uncertainty in these parameters. The procedure made use of historical experimental data, the results from thermo‐chemical modeling as well as data on the best isentrope function fit to cylinder test experimental data. Combining all these heterogeneous data sources together in a Bayesian calibration, yielded a posterior mean and covariance. Sampling from the posterior distribution and evaluating an important Quantity Of Interest (QOI) in the EOS model, the detonation speed of a one‐inch rate stick, produced a distribution which showed variations which were in agreement with experiments. The uncertainty in the EOS was reported as eleven sets of model calibrations which spanned the range of this QOI.