bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomalous arterial supply to the muscles in a combined latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior flap
Authors: Halim A.S. , Wan Z. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe combined latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior flap has been employed for large defect reconstruction and has been shown to be reliable. These flaps are based on the subscapular‐thoracodorsal vascular pedicle that usually supplies both muscles. In the case reported, serratus anterior possessed an anomalous arterial supply totally independent of the subscapular pedicle. The latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior muscles were used as a combined flap to reconstruct a massive thigh defect. The combined flap required two arterial anastomoses. Clin. Anat. 17:358–359, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Axillary vein perforation by the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
Authors: Roy T.S. , Sharma Saroj 
Published: April 2004

AbstractVariation in the venous pattern in the arm is common. In this study, a rare variant of the axillary vein and its association with the median cutaneous nerve of the forearm is described. In the axilla, the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm penetrated the axillary vein, thereby creating two narrow venous channels at the site of passage. Such variations are important because a large number of diagnostic and therapeutic invasive procedures are carried out on veins. A possible mode of origin and the clinical importance of this variation are discussed. Clin. Anat. 17:300–302, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phase I evaluation of docetaxel and topotecan for patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Tsao Anne S. , Shin Dong M. , Palmer J. Lynn , Lee Jin S. , Glisson Bonnie S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors administered a combination of docetaxel and topotecan with granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) support in a Phase I study to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of this regimen.METHODSPatients with advanced‐stage solid tumors were eligible for this trial if they had a Zubrod performance status of ≤ 2 and normal renal, hepatic, and bone marrow function. No previous therapy with taxanes or topoisomerase inhibitors was allowed. The authors administered both docetaxel and topotecan in a dose‐escalated manner until the MTD was reached. Docetaxel was given on Day 1 of each cycle before topotecan, which was administered intravenously on Days 1–3. Granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) support with 5 μg/kg subcutaneous injections was initiated on Day 4 and continued until the absolute granulocyte count recovered to 2000/μL. Treatment cycles were repeated every 21 days.RESULTSOf the 11 patients enrolled in the current study, all were evaluable for toxicity and 10 were evaluable for response. A median of three treatment cycles was received (range, one to nine treatment cycles). The dose‐limiting toxicity was Grade 4 (according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events [version 2.0]). neutropenia with fever. The MTD was 75 mg/m2 of docetaxel on Day 1 and 1.4 mg/m2 of topotecan on Days 1–3. There was one complete response and one partial response in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and one partial response in a patient with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). The response durations were 24 weeks, 29 weeks, and ≥ 244 weeks, respectively. At the time of last follow‐up, both patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were still alive at 241 weeks and 244 weeks, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThis trial demonstrated that a regimen of docetaxel and topotecan with G‐CSF support was generally well tolerated and had promising activity in patients with nasopharyngeal and SCLC. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Metastatic epithelioid angiosarcoma of the heart in peritoneal fluid
Authors: Saqi Anjali , Ramdall Risha B. , Hamele‐Bena Diane 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAngiosarcoma is the most common malignant neoplasm of the heart. Recurrent pericardial effusions are a common manifestation of cardiac angiosarcomas. The diagnosis of metastatic disease in effusions is often established histologically; few cases have been described in exfoliative cytology. We report a case of metastatic cardiac epithelioid angiosarcoma in peritoneal fluid. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:350–352. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pelvic washing cytology in serous borderline tumors of the ovary using ThinPrep®: Are there cytologic clues to detecting tumor cells?
Authors: Sadeghi Saha , Ylagan Lourdes R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe detection of tumor cells in pelvic washings of patients with serous borderline tumors of the ovary (SBT) remains a diagnostic challenge. Accurate diagnosis of pelvic washings is important in determining therapeutic regimens and assessing patient prognosis. No study has exclusively examined pelvic washing cytology of patients with SBT using only ThinPrep® methodology. The purpose of this study is to examine whether cytologic clues exist in detecting tumor cells of SBT in pelvic washings processed with ThinPrep. Using previously established criteria, we reviewed the pelvic washes of 37 patients with SBT and correlated them with the histologic findings in the omentum. We also compared their cytoarchitectural features with pelvic washes in patients with benign ovarian disease and serous carcinoma. Cytoarchitectural features that achieved statistical significance in distinguishing cells of a SBT from reactive mesothelial cells include the following findings: presence of a two‐cell population (P = 0.001), psammoma bodies (P = 0.001), cytoplasmic vacuolization (P = 0.001), smooth group contours (P = 0.004), nuclear size >2× neutrophils (P = 0.004), high nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio (P = 0.004), absent intercellular windows (P = 0.007), and course nuclear chromatin (P = 0.032). Psammoma bodies were the only statistically significant feature distinguishing SBT from serous carcinoma, being more common in SBT than serous carcinoma (P = 0.035). The prominent number of associated psammoma bodies seen in the SBT group was a notable finding that may aid as a valuable cytologic clue in detecting tumor cells. Overall cellularity remains a source of false‐negative diagnosis. Correlation with histologic findings remains crucial given our inability to reliably distinguish tumor cells of SBT from endosalpingiosis or serous adenocarcinoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:313–319. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion with short‐acting insulin analogues or human regular insulin: efficacy, safety, quality of life, and cost‐effectiveness
Authors: Radermecker Régis Pierre , Scheen André Jacques 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPortable insulin infusion devices are effective and safe insulin delivery systems for managing diabetes mellitus, especially type 1 diabetes. Rapidly absorbed insulin analogues, such as insulin lispro or insulin aspart, may offer an advantage over regular human insulin for insulin pumps. Several open‐label randomised crossover trials demonstrated that continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) with insulin lispro provided a better control of postprandial hyperglycaemia and a slightly but significantly lower glycated haemoglobin level, with lower daily insulin requirement and similar or even less hypoglycaemic episodes. A CSII study comparing insulin lispro and insulin aspart demonstrated similar results with the two analogues, and better results than those with regular insulin. Because these analogues have a quicker onset and a shorter duration of action than regular insulin, one might expect an earlier and greater metabolic deterioration in case of CSII interruption, but a more rapid correction of metabolic abnormalities after insulin boluses when reactivating the pump. These expectations were confirmed in randomised protocols comparing the metabolic changes occurring during and after CSII interruption of various durations when the pump infused either insulin lispro or regular insulin. The extra cost resulting from the use of CSII and insulin analogues in diabetes management should be compensated for by better metabolic control and quality of life. In conclusion, CSII delivering fast‐acting insulin analogues may be considered as one of the best methods to replace insulin in a physiological manner by mimicking meal and basal insulin requirements, without higher risk of hypoglycaemia or ketoacidosis in well‐educated diabetic patients. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactivity Studies on 2,3,4,5‐Tetraethyl‐1,6‐diiodo‐2,3,4,5‐tetracarba‐nido‐hexaborane(6): Synthesis and Structures of New C4B2nido‐Carborane Derivatives
Authors: Nie Yong , Pritzkow Hans , Siebert Walter 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe reactivity of the title compound 2,3,4,5‐tetraethyl‐1,6‐diiodo‐2,3,4,5‐tetracarba‐nido‐hexaborane(6) (1) towards a variety of nucleophiles is reported. When 1 is treated with RC2Li (R = Ph, tBu, SiMe3, p‐tolyl) and Ph2PLi, the corresponding new C4B2 nido‐carborane derivatives 2a−d and 3, respectively, are obtained by selective substitution at the basal B−I group, whereas the apical B−I bond remains inert. The reaction of 1 with K[(η5‐C5H5)Fe(CO)2] affords the novel species 4, which contains a CpFe(CO)2 fragment σ‐bonded to the basal boron atom of the C4B2 cluster. Attempts to isolate 4 by chromatography on silica gel led to cleavage of the Fe−B bond and formation of compound 5, containing a basal BH vertex, which can be separately prepared by the reaction of 1 and LiBEt3H. In the reactions of 1 with PhLi and Me3SnLi, respectively, 6a and 7a are formed as the predominant B6‐substituted carborane products. In addition, trace amounts of 1,6‐disubstituted species 6b and 7b are also detected. The substitution at the apical B−I group in 2a with an alkynyl group is effected by a Pd0‐catalyzed Negishi‐type cross‐coupling reaction to give compound 8. The reaction of 1 and monolithio‐o‐carborane affords the C4B2−C2B10 carborane 10, while the reaction of 2a and Co2(CO)8 furnishes the double cluster 9 (C4B2−C2Co2). In both 9 and 10 two different types of clusters are directly connected by a B−C bond. Compound 1 reacts with ClZnC6H4C6H4ZnCl in the presence of the catalyst Pd(PPh3)4 to give 11, in which two C4B2 clusters are linked by a C6H4C6H4 unit. The constitutions of the products follow from spectroscopic data, and X‐ray diffraction analyses for 2a, 2d, 4, 8, 9, and 10. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Electronic Structure of Transition Metal−Isocorrole Complexes: A First Quantum Chemical Study
Authors: van Oort Bart , Tangen Espen , Ghosh Abhik 
Published: April 2004

AbstractDFT calculations indicate that the broad electronic‐structural features of metalloisocorroles are rather similar to those of analogous metallocorroles. Thus, like their corrole analogues, many metalloisocorroles feature substantially non‐innocent ligands. Another key point is that both corroles and isocorroles can exhibit at least two kinds of radical character, a2 and b1. However, corrole and isocorrole derivatives also differ significantly in a few ways: for example, the S = 1/2 CoPh complexes of corrole and isocorrole exhibit ground states of different symmetries (2A′′ and 2A′, respectively, in Cs notation), reflecting different interplays of metal(dπ)−ligand(pπ) interactions in corrole versus isocorrole derivatives. The ligand non‐innocence phenomena encountered in this study are broadly reminiscent of similar phenomena in peroxidase compound I intermediates and their synthetic models. It seems reasonable, therefore, to adopt the view that this study, along with related studies on corrole derivatives, provides a broader chemical context for appreciating the electronic structures of high‐valent heme protein intermediates. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
A treatment process for removal of mixed inorganic and organic arsenic species from groundwater
Authors: Banerjee Kashi , Helwick Robert P. , Gupta Satish 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA process was developed to treat contaminated groundwater containing mixed inorganic and organic arsenic to less than the current U.S. drinking water standard of < 50 μg/L. The treatment efficiency of the process was investigated under various operating conditions. Samples were analyzed using the Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) method and the Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometric method. Species present in the contaminated water included arsenic (III), arsenic (V), and organic arsenic compounds. Fenton's reagent was used as the oxidizing agent in the treatment process. To define the design parameter s for the process, the bench‐scale study addressed: (1) the amount of iron required to achieve a soluble arsenic concentration of < 50 μg/L in the treated effluent, (2) the amount of hydrogen peroxide required during the oxidation process, (3) the effect of pH, and (4) the required reaction time. The results revealed that each of the above operating parameters have a significant effect on the treatment efficiency. To achieve a soluble arsenic concentration of < 50 μg/L, an iron to arsenic weight ratio of 10 to 1 is required for this type of groundwater. The data also revealed that as the dosage of hydrogen peroxide increased, the concentration of soluble arsenic in the treated effluent decreased until a hydrogen peroxide to iron weight ratio of 1 to 2 was reached. Maximum treatment efficiency was obtained at a pH between 2.5 and 3.0 Standard Units (S.U.). More than 99 percent of the arsenic was removed from the sample within the first five minutes of the reaction.
What is life cycle interpretation?
Authors: Skone Timothy J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractLife Cycle Interpretation “is a systematic technique to identify, quantify, check, and evaluate information from the results of the life cycle inventory(LCI) and/or the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA)…”[1] The purpose of performing life cycle interpretation is to determine the level of confidence in the final results and communicate them in a fair, complete, and accurate manner.Interpreting the results of a life cycle assessment (LCA) is not as simple as 3 is better then 2, therefore Alternative A is the best choice! Interpreting the results of an LCA starts with understanding the accuracy of the results, and ensuring they meet the goal of the study. This is accomplished by identifying the data elements that contribute significantly to each impact category, evaluating the sensitivity of these significant data elements, assessing the completeness & consistency of the study, and drawing conclusions and recommendations based on a clear understanding of how the LCA was conducted and the results we re developed.The guidance provided in this article builds from the information provided on life cycle interpretation in the International Organization of Standard's (ISO's) draft standard entitled “Environmental Management ‐Life Cycle Assessment ‐ Life Cycle Interpretation,” ISO/DIS 14043.
Meeting the great lakes water discharge challenge: A case study
Authors: Lee Vail R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractEarly in the 1990s, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) developed a draft permit for the Murphy Oil refinery in Superior that contained water quality limits reflective of the anticipated “Great Lakes Initiative.” However, not enough was known about the quality of the existing effluent generated by the facility to determine the refinery's compliance potential with the new permit. Further, available literature, although extensive for removal rates for general parameters, was silent on expected levels and removal rates of specific contaminates, like metals, at such low concentrations. After collecting extensive source and effluent data, the company decided that the refinery needed to replace its existing pond treatment system with an activated sludge‐based treatment system. This paper describes and compares pilot testing results to actual results from the new wastewater treatment plant, particularly those that relate to critical parameters, such as the low concentrations of metal.
New membrane technology for removal and recovery of chromium from waste waters
Authors: Ho W. S. Winston , Poddar Tarun K. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe have developed new supported liquid membrane (SLM) technology for removal and recovery of chromium from waste waters. The technology not only removes the Cr (VI) to less than 0.05 ppm in the treated effluent allowable for discharge or recycle, but also recovers the product at a high concentration of about 20% (62.3% Na2CrO4) suitable for resale or reuse. In other words, we have achieved the goals of zero discharge and no sludge. The chromium flux in its entire range from low Cr (VI) concentrations in the feed solution to high feed concentrations, at which the carrier saturation of the facilitated transport mechanism occurs, has been in good agreement with a film model. The stability of the SLM has been ensured by strip dispersion, where the aqueous strip solution is dispersed in the organic membrane solution in a mixer. The strip dispersion formed is circulated from the mixer to the membrane module providing a constant supply of the organic solution to the membrane pores.
Odor investigation and control at a WWTP in orange county, florida
Authors: Cooper C. David , Godlewski Victor J. , Hanson Ray , Koletzke Mark , Webster Neil 
Published: April 2004

AbstractDue to occasional complaints of odors from residential and commercial neighbors, and the projected development of adjacent vacant land, an investigation was conducted at a county wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) Utilizing a physical survey of possible odor sources, an emissions measurement study, and dispersion modeling, the site was assessed for current and future odor impacts. The main compound contributing to odors was concluded to be hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Using the EPA dispersion model Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST3) and ten years of meteorological data, the H2S emissions results were analyzed to estimate potential maximum H2S concentrations, as well as the annual frequency of occurrences of H2S above certain concentrations. The chief source of odor impacts was identified as fugitive emissions from the top of the grit chamber/flow splitter building, through openings for valve stems, flow gates, and the grit removal conveyor apparatus. Another ventilation fan was added, and the H2S‐laden air from the building was routed through new biofiltration units, which were being evaluated to replace an older caustic/chlorine scrubber. Since these units operated at an extremely high H2S removal efficiency, it was concluded that biofilters would replace caustic/chlorine scrubbing on a permanent basis.
Biofiltration of air loaded with ammonia by granulated sludge
Authors: Gracian C. , Malhautier L. , Fanlo J. L. , Le Cloirec P. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractGranulated sludge has some physico‐chemical characteristics that make it useful as a packing material in biofilters. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of a biofiltration unit packed with this support material to treat ammonia. The results show that ammonia elimination is very high. The maximum removal efficiency at a volumetric load of 140 and 300 g ammonia.m−3 packing.day−1 is 90% and 80%, respectively. The use of sludge requires neither nutritive aqueous solution, nor buffer solution, as was the case for other treatment systems. Subject to adequate humidification, the pressure drops measured were very low. Ammonia was oxidized to nitrite, nitrate, and probably gaseous nitrogen, the proportions of each depending on operating conditions of the biofilter. For ammonia concentrations below 576 g ammonia.m−3 packing.day−1, ammonia removal in biofilters packed with sludge followed apparent first order kinetics. The maximum growth rates estimated by the theoretical model and experimental results are slightly superior to those found for pure cultures. The operating conditions would seem to be more favorable to nitrifying bacteria growth. These results also show the complex phenomena which govern ammonia removal in biofilters.
Supercritical fluid extraction process for removing polychlorinated biphenyl from a DOE job control waste
Authors: Li Jun , Davis Thomas A. , Matthews Michael A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA supercritical carbon dioxide process has been investigated for remediation of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contaminated Job Control Wastes at DOE sites. A PCB surrogate, 2‐chlorobiphenyl, was spiked into Toxi‐dry, a commercial absorbent material used extensively for decontaminating and decommissioning at DOE sites. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of 2‐chlorobiphenyl from Toxi‐dry was conducted with pure or ethanol‐modified carbon dioxide in bench‐scale units. Extraction temperatures, pressures, and time were varied to identify favorable operating conditions, and the effects of cosolvent and extraction time on supercritical extraction of PCBs were also investigated. About 95% of 2‐chlorobiphenyl was extracted from Toxi‐dry by CO2 modified with 5% EtOH, compared to just 53% with pure CO2 at the same pressure and temperature. While increasing temperature from 40°C to 80°C showed a clear improvement on extraction, increasing pressure from 2,000 psi to 4,000 psi does not significantly improve extraction efficiencies. Increasing extraction time from 2 hours to 3 hours does not increase the removal efficiency. The results demonstrate the potential of modified supercritical CO2 extraction as a PCB extraction technology for DOE PCB‐contaminated Toxi‐dry.
Influence of nitrogen supply and substrate interactions on the removal of paint VOC mixtures in a hybrid bioreactor
Authors: Song Jihyeon , Kinney Kerry A. , John Paul 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe study presented here was designed to investigate VOC degradation patterns as a function of nitrogen availability in a hybrid vapor‐phase bioreactor column treating a surrogate paint VOC mixture. The mixture consisted of methyl propyl ketone, ethyl 3‐ethoxy propionate, n‐butyl acetate, toluene and p‐xylene. In order to quantify nitrogen requirements, a series of experiments was conducted under various nitrogen‐limited and nitrogen‐rich conditions. Overall, increasing nitrogen availability improved the total VOC removal efficiencies from approximately 70% to 99%. At the lowest available nitrogen condition, most of the ethyl 3‐ethoxy propionate and n‐butyl acetate, as well as approximately 75% of the methyl propyl ketone were removed in the bioreactor, but toluene and p‐xylene were not biodegraded. Increasing the nitrogen availability improved the biodegradation of methyl propyl ketone. Substantial degradation of toluene and p‐xylene occurred in this study only after the molar ratio of the aromatic compounds to the other constituents in the waste gas stream increased above 2.0. Elimination capacity tests performed with the VOC mixture and each individual VOC indicated that the presence of other VOCs inhibited the biodegradation of toluene and p‐xylene. These findings imply that substrate inhibitions limit the removal of aromatic hydrocarbons, particularly when the available nitrogen in the packing media is low.