bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A semi-analytical temperature solution for multi-segment deep coaxial borehole heat exchangers
Authors: Wangen Magnus 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA semi-analytical and a finite-difference scheme are presented for the simulation of temperature and the heat transfer in a multi-segment coaxial borehole heat exchanger. The single-segment solution on closed-form is extended to a semi-analytical multi-segment solution, where each segment may have unique properties. These properties are such as different casings, widths of the annulus, radius of the inner tubing, material properties, rock properties and geothermal gradients. The multi-segment model is a simple and powerful alternative to numerical methods for simulating a complex coaxial borehole heat exchanger with a constant flow rate. It is demonstrated with a deep coaxial borehole heat exchanger made of three different segments. The analytical and semi-analytical models are validated by comparison with numerical solutions obtained with an upstream finite difference scheme. The match between the solutions is excellent. The solution on a closed-form is used to study the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet regarding two dimensionless numbers. It is found that the maximum temperature difference occurs when the dimensionless heat transfer coefficient for the casing-rock is much larger than one. A second necessary condition is that the dimensionless heat transfer coefficient for the insulator between the inner tube and the annulus must be much less than one. The power leakage from the inner tubing to the annulus is also at a maximum under these conditions.
An affordable, programmable and interactive continuous flow Photoreactor setup for undergraduate organic synthetic teaching labs
Authors: Domański Michał , Marcou Gilles , Barham Joshua P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPhotochemistry and continuous flow chemistry are synthetic technology platforms that have witnessed an increasing uptake by chemical industries interested in complex organic molecule synthesis. Simultaneously, automation and data science are prominent targets in organic synthesis and in chemical industries for streamlined workflows, meaning hardware-software interaction between operators and devices is crucial. Since undergraduate teaching labs at public-funded research Universities typically (i) lack budget for commercial, user-friendly continuous flow reactors and (ii) do not teach synthetic chemists how to program or interact with reactors, there is a disparity between the skills undergraduates are equipped with and the skills that future industries need. We report a teaching lab project where undergraduates assemble, program and execute a continuous flow photoreactor to realize a multigram-scale photoredox catalyzed oxidation reaction. A palladium-free synthetic access to the starting material was described to further cut costs. Not only does this exercise introduce useful skills in reactor design, programming and wet chemistry (both photochemical and thermal, both batch and flow), it also accommodates both the typical budget and afternoon timeslot (2-3 h) of a teaching lab and can be followed by thin-layer chromatography/color changes without necessarily requiring access to NMR facilities.
Graphical abstract
Towards a Just Circular Economy Transition: the Case of European Plastic Waste Trade to Vietnam for Recycling
Authors: Thapa Kaustubh , Vermeulen Walter J. V. , De Waal Mo Ming , Deutz Pauline , Nguyễn Hồng Quân 
Published: January 2024

AbstractExporting waste for recycling to destinations without sound recycling capacity raises questions of fairness and sustainability. Due to insufficient recycling infrastructure in Europe to manage the growing generation of plastic waste, there has been an increase in waste trade for recycling in a complex global value chain, with the stated goal of achieving sound resource recovery. However, such trade poses increasing governance and sustainability challenges. The EU has implemented policies and systems for plastic waste management, including separate collection to prevent potential harm and promote resource reuse. Nevertheless, waste handling is often outsourced without transparency to countries with cheaper operating and labour costs, which can cause harm to individuals, societies, and the environment. Fifty per cent of the collected European plastic waste for recycling is shipped for recycling outside the EU without accountability. This Vietnamese case study of the EU plastic waste exports for recycling aims to increase our understanding of waste governance and its circularity, sustainability and justice implications. We adopt a multidisciplinary perspective to understand the challenges of the EU’s plastic waste export practices for the broader socio-ecological system. We propose a multidisciplinary framework as an ecocentric ethical guide for just and circular future waste shipment practices with strong consideration for the social and ecological dimensions. We hope that this research and its outcomes can provide insights for forthcoming policies, such as the United Nations treaty on plastic waste pollution.
Out of control: computational dynamic control dysfunction in stress- and anxiety-related disorders
Authors: Howlett Jonathon R. , Paulus Martin P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractControl theory, which has played a central role in technological progress over the last 150 years, has also yielded critical insights into biology and neuroscience. Recently, there has been a surging interest in integrating control theory with computational psychiatry. Here, we review the state of the field of using control theory approaches in computational psychiatry and show that recent research has mapped a neural control circuit consisting of frontal cortex, parietal cortex, and the cerebellum. This basic feedback control circuit is modulated by estimates of reward and cost via the basal ganglia as well as by arousal states coordinated by the insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, and locus coeruleus. One major approach within the broader field of control theory, known as proportion-integral-derivative (PID) control, has shown promise as a model of human behavior which enables precise and reliable estimates of underlying control parameters at the individual level. These control parameters correlate with self-reported fear and with both structural and functional variation in affect-related brain regions. This suggests that dysfunctional engagement of stress and arousal systems may suboptimally modulate parameters of domain-general goal-directed control algorithms, impairing performance in complex tasks involving movement, cognition, and affect. Future directions include clarifying the causal role of control deficits in stress- and anxiety-related disorders and developing clinically useful tools based on insights from control theory.
Impact of natural disasters on mental health and welfare: the case of the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake
Authors: Trisilia Mustika Septiyas , Sugiyanto Catur , Rifa’i Achmad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study aims to analyse the impact of the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake on the mental health and welfare of victims in Bantul and to examine whether disasters they experienced before might increase or decrease their mental health when facing indirect exposure to repeated disasters. This study employs several methods: descriptive analysis; logit; a combination of propensity score matching; and difference in differences. The results find that 7 people (1.78%) in 2007 and 31 people (7.89%) in 2014 have experienced symptoms of depression. Age is confirmed as a significant factor in increasing this probability. The results of this study reveal that direct exposure to the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake increased the average mental disorder score and decreased the victims’ education expenditure 1 year after the disaster. The direct exposure to the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake also affected the increase in mental disorder score and decrease in household expenditure of victims 1 year after the disaster, although the effects were insignificant.
Ethical guidance for extracorporeal and paracorporeal device use in children: a systematic review
Authors: Moynihan Katie M. , Clark Jonna D. , Dorste Anna , Hollander Seth A. , Jansen Melanie , Brierley Joe , Coleman Ryan , von Dessauer Bettina , Thibault Emma G. , Thomas James A. , Kirsch Roxanne E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
To provide substantive, practical guidance on the ethical use of pediatric extra/paracorporeal devices, we first need a comprehensive understanding of existing guidance. The objective was to characterize how ethical guidance for device use in children is provided in published literature and to summarize quantity, quality, and themes.

Data sources
PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were systematically searched 2.1.2023.

Study selection
Methodology followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses rapid review. Citations discussing ethical guidance for, initiation/continuation/discontinuation decision-making, or allocation of, devices in children were identified. Devices included tracheostomy/mechanical ventilation (MV), renal replacement therapy (RRT), mechanical circulatory support (MCS), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We included policy statements/guidelines, reviews, conceptual articles, and surveys.

Data extraction
A standardized extraction tool was used. Quality was assessed using a multimodal tool.

Data synthesis
Of 97 citations, ethical analysis was the primary objective in 31%. 55% were pediatric-specific. Nineteen percent were high-quality. The USA and Europe were overrepresented with 12% from low- to middle-income countries. Devices included MV (40%), RRT (21%), MCS/ECMO (35%). Only one guideline was identified with a primary goal of ethical analysis of pediatric device use. Three empiric analyses examined patient-level data according to guideline implementation and 24 explored clinician/public perspectives on resource allocation or device utilization. Two non-empiric citations provided pediatric decision-making recommendations.

Conclusions
This comprehensive review of ethical guidance for device use in children identified numerous gaps and limited scope. Future research is warranted globally to promote the beneficial use of devices, minimize harm, and ensure equitable access.
Relationship and variation of dimensions in gamified experiences associated with the predictive model using GAMEX
Authors: Llorente-Cejudo Carmen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGamifying educational practices is a trend in the field of education, especially in universities. Knowing which dimensions are significant in active gamified methodologies allows understanding the extent to which a dimension depends on another if there is a correlation between them. Through the GAMEX (gameful experience in gamification) scale, which measures gamified experiences (Journal of Interactive Marketing, Elsevier 43:98–115, 2018), the aims of this study were to: 1) explore, using the structural equations model, the viability of the GAMEX model formulated to analyse the gamified experience level of university students; and 2) determine the influence of the GAMEX variables on the students’ degree of mastery in gamified experiences. The sample was constituted by 405 university students. A structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was carried from a PLS (partial least squares) approach, using SmartPLS software. The results show the reliability of the different constructs considered in the proposed model. The items presented acceptable reliability levels and strong consistency with the dimensions of the model. The model emphasises the multidimensional character of gamified experience and supports the students’ mastery over the different gamified experiences.
“I Would Prefer Not To”: Establishing the Missing Link between Invalid Voting and Public Protest in Latin America
Authors: Lioy Alberto 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTWhile invalid voting is often treated as protest behavior in an electoral context, its association with actual political protests has not yet been empirically demonstrated. The relative scarcity of research on the topic is likely due to the hybrid nature of invalid voting as a both formal and informal political gesture. The novel availability of event-based data for public protests in Latin America allows for testing whether their occurrence is connected with changes in spoiled and blank ballots. Using an appropriate dynamic regression model covering variations in the 148 intervals between Latin American legislative elections in the 1979–2021 period, this study finds a strong connection between the emergence of antigovernment protests and surges in invalid voting (and vice versa). This relationship still holds at parity of economic conditions and it is reinforced by a lack of alternation in the party of power. Conversely, the appearance of workers’ strikes appears to work as a substitute for this behavior, which is also chosen by voters when democracy deteriorates, while corruption has no independent impact on invalid voting. Overall this work’s findings promise to send the research agenda on invalid voting in a new direction, previously unexplored because of an absence of fitting data.
A VIEW FROM THE COUNTRYSIDE: RADIOCARBON CHRONOLOGY FOR ZAOLINHETAN OF THE PRE-ZHOU CULTURE IN EARLY DYNASTIC CHINA
Authors: Li Xiaojian , Liu Wei , Xu Yongxiang , Dou Haifeng , Pollard A Mark , Liu Ruiliang 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTThe conquest of the Shang Dynasty at Anyang around 1046 BCE by the Zhou is one of the major events for not only Chinese Bronze Age but also early interaction between the pastoralist groups from the Eurasian Steppes and agriculture ones in the Central Plains of China. It is well-known from historical texts that the pre-Zhou people lived in the ancient Bin region (豳), the exact location of which is unclear, but most likely in the Jing River valley. At some point the leader Gugong Danfu (古公亶父) moved from Bin to the capital Qi (Zhouyuan), which preceded the Zhou invasion of Anyang. We have produced a new high resolution radiocarbon chronology for Zaolinhetan, a small settlement in the pre-Zhou heartland. This shows not only an exceptionally long chronological span for the site, but also a different phasing compared to the traditional pottery typology, which raises new questions regarding the regional variation of pottery typologies. Intriguingly, the analysis also reveals a rapid abandonment of Zaolinhetan around 1100 BCE, at the same time many larger sites, such as Zhouyuan, which later became the capital of the Western Zhou dynasty, were significantly expanding. We argue that the drastic decline of Zaolinhetan as revealed by the substantial number of radiocarbon dates and probably also the movement of pre-Zhou political center from Bin to Qin, was part of bigger picture that involved a range of social and environmental factors.
Adverse childhood experiences and unhealthy dietary behaviours in adulthood
Authors: Testa Alexander , Zhang Lixia , Jackson Dylan B , Ganson Kyle T , Raney Julia H , Nagata Jason M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective:
This study assesses the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACE) occurring before the age of 18 years and patterns of fast-food consumption and sugary beverage consumption in adulthood. The study also examines how perceived stress and socio-economic status (SES) (college educational attainment and income) in adulthood mediate this relationship.

Design:
Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adulthood Health (N 8599), multinomial logistic regression analyses were carried out to assess the association between ACE and unhealthy dietary behaviours in adulthood. Karlson–Holm–Breen mediation analysis is used to determine the mediating effects of SES and perceived stress.

Setting:
Persons living in the USA in 2016–2018.

Participants:
Adults (n 8599) aged 33–44 years.

Results:
The findings show an association between four or more ACE and high fast-food (relative risk ratio (RRR) = 1·436, 95 % CI = 1·040, 1·983) and high sugary beverage consumption (RRR = 1·435, 95 % CI = 1·002, 2·055). The association between ACE and high fast-food consumption is partially mediated by college educational attainment, and the association between ACE and high sugary beverage consumption is partially mediated by perceived stress and college educational attainment.

Conclusions:
ACE can have long-term consequences for unhealthy dietary behaviours in adulthood, and this relationship is partially due to a lower likelihood of higher perceived stress and college educational attainment among ACE-exposed persons. Future research is needed to understand further the influence of ACE on dietary patterns over the life course.
Demonstration of a Multi‐Layer, Lithographically Manufactured Plasma Spectrometer
Authors: Scime E. E. , Dugas M. , Gilbert T. J. , John R. , Keesee A. M. , Wagner G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDevelopment of new plasma instruments is needed to enable constellation‐ and small satellite‐based missions. Key steps in the development pathway of ultra‐compact plasma instruments employing lithographically patterned wafers are the implementation of layer‐to‐layer electrical interconnects and demonstration of massively parallel measurements, that is, simultaneous measurements through multiple identical plasma analyzer structures. Here we present energy resolved measurements of electron beams using a 5‐layer stack of wafer‐based, energy‐per‐charge, electrostatic analyzers. Each layer has eight distinct analyzer groups that are comprised of multiple micron scale energy‐per‐charge analyzers. The process of fabricating the electrical interconnects between the layers is described and the measured energy resolution and the angular resolution compared to theoretical predictions. The measurements demonstrate successful operation of 400 micron scale analyzers operating in parallel.
Significant Differences in Coral Trophic Status Between Nearshore and Offshore Reefs Recorded by δ15N of Coral Symbiotic Zooxanthellae and Host Tissue in the South China Sea in the SCS
Authors: Xu Shendong , Mo Hongyan , Men Zheng , Yu Kefu , Zhang Zhinan , Chen Hanji 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSignificant differences in environmental conditions between nearshore and offshore coral reefs lead to different symbiotic zooxanthellae density (ZD) of corals. From the perspective of energy supply, different ZD lead to different energy provided by the photosynthesis of zooxanthellae to the coral host. However, few studies have conducted a comparative analysis of coral trophic status (i.e., autotrophic photosynthesis of zooxanthellae and heterotrophic feeding of the host) between nearshore and offshore reefs. In this study, 70 coral samples of Favia palauensis were collected from the nearshore Sanya reefs, and offshore Xisha, Nansha reefs in the South China Sea (SCS). The ZD, δ15N of seawater particulate organic matter (δ15NPOM), host tissue (δ15Nh), zooxanthellae (δ15Nz) and the difference between δ15Nh and δ15Nz (i.e., △h−z 15N = δ15Nh−δ15Nz) were measured and statistically analyzed. The purpose is to elucidate the differences in the energy maintenance mechanisms of corals between nearshore and offshore reefs. Results show that ZD is significantly positively correlated with δ15Nz in all three reefs (p < 0.05). Corals in nearshore Sanya have higher autotrophic abilities than corals from offshore Xisha and Nansha reefs. By contrast, corals in offshore reefs are more dependent on heterotrophic feeding of the host to obtain energy. Our research demonstrate that corals can adjust their trophic status, especially improve their heterotrophic feeding intensity to meet energy needs under different environmental conditions. This dynamic adjustment of energy supply patterns is of great significance to improve coral's environmental adaptability.
Lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (LA-HLH): a scoping review unveils clinical and diagnostic patterns of a lymphoma subgroup with poor prognosis
Authors: Knauft Johanna , Schenk Thomas , Ernst Thomas , Schnetzke Ulf , Hochhaus Andreas , La Rosée Paul , Birndt Sebastian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe hyperinflammatory syndrome driven by pathologic activation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and macrophages. Despite advances in diagnostics and management, adult patients with lymphoma-associated HLH (LA-HLH) harbor particularly poor prognosis and optimal treatment remains challenging. As systematic data on LA-HLH are scarce, we aimed to synthesize research evidence by thorough analysis of the published literature in PubMed (MEDLINE-database) within the context of a scoping review. Of 595 search results, 132 articles providing information on 542 patients were reviewed and analyzed. Median patient age was 60 years (range, 18–98) with male predominance (62.7%). B- and T-NHL were equally represented (45.6% and 45.2%), Hodgkin’s lymphoma was reported in 8.9% of the cases. The majority of patients (91.6%) presented in Ann-Arbor-Stages III and IV, and bone marrow infiltration was observed in a significant proportion of patients (61.5%). Soluble CD25 levels were markedly elevated (median 10,000 U/ml), with levels beyond 10,000 U/ml indicating unfavorable prognosis for 30-day and overall survival. 66.8% of the patients died after median 5.1 months. LA-HLH remains a clinical challenge requiring specialized management. Timely diagnosis and appropriate lymphoma-specific treatment are of utmost importance to enhance patient outcomes.
Employing electrochemically derived pH gradients for Lab-on-PCB protein preconcentration devices
Authors: Maxted Grace , Estrela Pedro , Moschou Despina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProtein preconcentration is an essential sample preparation step for analysis in which the targeted proteins exist in low concentrations, such as bodily fluids, water, or wastewater. Nonetheless, very few practical implementations of miniaturized protein preconcentration devices have been demonstrated in practice, and even fewer have been integrated with other microanalytical steps. Existing approaches rely heavily on additional chemicals and reagents and introduce complexity to the overall assay. In this paper, we propose a novel miniaturized isoelectric focusing-based protein preconcentration screening device based on electrochemically derived pH gradients rather than existing chemical reagent approaches. In this way, we reduce the need for additional chemical reagents to zero while enabling device incorporation in a seamlessly integrated full protein analysis microsystem via Lab-on-PCB technology. We apply our previously presented Lab-on-PCB approach to quantitatively control the pH of a solution in the vicinity of planar electrodes using electrochemical acid generation through redox-active self-assembled monolayers. The presented device comprises a printed circuit board with an array of gold electrodes that were functionalized with 4-aminothiophenol; this formed a self-assembled monolayer that was electropolymerized to improve its electrochemical reversibility. Protein preconcentration was performed in two configurations. The first was open and needed the use of a holder to suspend a well of fluid above the electrodes; the second used microfluidic channels to enclose small volumes of fluid. Reported here are the resulting data for protein preconcentration in both these forms, with a quantitative concentration factor shown for the open form and qualitative proof shown for the microfluidic.