bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reservoir Sedimentation Assessment Using Geospatial Technology: A case Study of Dukan Reservoir, Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Rashid Haveen Muhammed 
Published: December 2023

The accumulation of sediment in reservoirs poses a major challenge that impacts the storage capacity, quality of water, and efficiency of hydroelectric power generation systems. Geospatial methods, including Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS), were used to assess Dukan Reservoir sediment quantities. Satellite and reservoir water level data from 2010 to 2022 were used for sedimentation assessment. The satellite data was used to analyze the water spread area, employing the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) to enhance the water surface in the satellite imagery of Dukan Reservoir. The cone formula was employed to calculate the live storage capacity of the reservoir within two elevations. According to the study results, the live storage capacity of Dukan Reservoir at elevation 511.78 m had decreased from 8000 MCM to 7007.77MCM and 6923.53 MCM using NDWI and MNDWI respectively, due to sedimentation, resulting in a capacity loss of 14.59% and 15.83% for NDWI and MNDWI respectively. The annual sedimentation was 13.78 MCM and 14.95 MCM for NDWI and MNDWI, respectively. Joglekar's equation and Khosla's formula have demonstrated that the sedimentation rate in the Dukan reservoir exceeds the critical rate. The findings of this study will inform the development of sediment management strategies aimed at preserving the reservoir's capacity.
Performance Assessment of Pile Models Chemically Grouted by Low-Pressure Injection Laboratory Device for Improving Loose Sand
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Saleh , Ahmed Mahmood D. 
Published: December 2023

The complexity and partially defined nature of jet grouting make it hard to predict the performance of grouted piles. So the trials of cement injection at a location with similar soil properties as the erecting site are necessary to assess the performance of the grouted piles. Nevertheless, instead of executing trial-injected piles at the pilot site, which wastes money, time, and effort, the laboratory cement injection devices are essential alternatives for evaluating soil injection ability. This study assesses the performance of a low-pressure laboratory grouting device by improving loose sandy soil injected using binders formed of Silica Fume (SF) as a chemical admixture (10% of Ordinary Portland Cement OPC mass) to different (W/C) water/cement ratios (by mass materials) mixes. Trial grouting processes were executed to optimize the practical ranges of the operating factors of the laboratory device to obtain consistent grouted model pile samples. The paper examined the relations of the binders' W/C ratios with the densities, elasticity modulus (E), and Uniaxial Compression Stress (UCS) of the grouted piles. The investigation results show that as the binder W/C ratio rises, the grouted pile samples' dry density, E, and UCS values decrease. For the binder injected with a W/C ratio of one and 10% SF additive by weight of cement mass, the highest values of the grouted pile for density, E, and UCS were about 2.32 g/cm3, 23 MPa, and 2000 MPa, respectively. The UCS of the grouted pile proved that the binders' W/C ratios and the SF addition have an evident effect on the investigated factors of the grouted piles.
The Cost of Technology Transfer in Construction Companies (In Iraq)
Authors: Muhsin Ibrahim Fadhil 
Published: December 2023

The construction sector is considered an important and influential pivot in the national economy of any country. Nations are working to develop this sector, receiving modern and developed techniques. So, this sector can be a carrier or a receiver of modern technologies. The cost of technology transfer between the international companies that sponsor this sector is a matter of great importance, especially since different factors affect the need for this advanced technology. The cost of technology transfer in construction is related to multiple factors presented by Knowledge, equipment, plant, hardware and software. The lack of distinguishing and evaluating the direct and indirect costs in the construction sector during technology transfer may lead to infractions in the company's budget. This manuscript aims to investigate the direct and indirect costs of transferring technology and the major factors constrained by this process. This work adopted a theoretical study and investigated the opinions of experts and engineers (by questionnaire) working in different construction sites. This Manuscript showed that the largest weight of the cost for both modern equipment and counsulant/designers is a direct cost and indirect cost, respectively, for transferring technology in the construction sector.
Numerical Study For Slotted And Vibrated Asymmetric Aerofoils
Authors: Radwan M. Aljuhashy  
Published: December 2023

The aerodynamics of slotted aerofoils under various Reynolds numbers were numerically studied. Moreover, vibration of aerofoils due to the wind flow was also investigated. Different Reynolds numbers (0.25, 0.4, 0.7 and 1) ×106 were utilized using an Ansys noncommercial version. A slotted asymmetric aerofoil, which was NACA4412, was chosen to implement the concept of the current investigation. The base aerofoil was compared to an experimental study to check the number of cells above and around the aerofoil. The slotted aerofoil appeared to have more momentum on the suction side. Moreover, the slotted aerofoils then subjected to an oscillatory motion due to the wind flow with 15Hz frequency.
PEMBUATAN ECO ENZYME DAN POC DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN SAMPAH RUMAH TANGGA ORGANIK MENUJU ZERO WASTE
Authors: Arbiwati Dyah , AZ Abdul Rizal , Sandhi Indah Kartika , Al Rosyid Ali Hasyim 
Published: December 2023

According to data from the Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (2022), waste production in Indonesia is around 36 million tons per year and unmanaged waste is around 13.5 tons per year (37.45%). Waste production in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta is around 800 thousand tons per year, and 50.17% of it is household waste. The total volume of waste brought to the Piyungan landfill is around 700 tons/day, around 55 percent of it is organic waste. Each person produces around 0.68 kg of waste per day, so waste management must be the responsibility of all people communities as waste producers. The aim of community service activity is to increase knowledge, skills and motivate also raise awareness of KWT Cabe Rawit members in Jambon Village as partners in processing household waste into eco enzyme and Liquid Organic Fertilizer using the stacked bucket technique, so that it can support the zero waste movement. The implementation methods in community service activities including lectures, training and practice. The outputs that will be produced are publications in national seminar proceedings with ISBN, publications in electronic mass media, books with ISBN, videos, posters and increasing partner empowerment. All members of the KWT Cabe Rawit members in Jambon Village understand and are skilled in making eco enzymes and Liquid Organic Fertilizer from organic household waste and their benefits. The quality of Liquid Organic Fertilizer using the stacked bucket technique is an organic C content of 2.76%, 0.14% total N, C/ N 19.71, P2O5 0.0041 %, K2O 0.023% and pH 5.7. The quality of compost using the stacked bucket technique is organic C content 42.26%, total N 3.67%, C/N 11.51, P2O5 0.39%, K2O 0.17% and pH 6.2 and pH eco enzyme 3 .5Keywords: Eco enzyme, Household waste, Liquid organic fertilizer, Zero waste
Cilnidipine Nanocrystals, Formulation and evaluation for Optimization of solubility and Dissolution Rate
Authors: A. Al Hazzaa Suray , Rajab Nawal A. 
Published: December 2023

Cilnidipine CLD fourth generation Ca+2 channel blockers, since cilnidipine has a very low solubility (BCS Class-II drug Low solubility High permeability) and extremely low medication compliance, it has been used to treat hypertension and hypertensive-associated vascular disorders.so cilnidipine can be formulated as nanocrystals NCs using solvent anti-solvent technology which can improve the solubility and bioavailability .Two different stabilizers(poloxamer 188 and Tween20) were utilized to prepare nine formula with different ratio 1:0.25,1:0.5 and 1:1. Study and evaluation the formulation factors which may effect on particle size and Polydispersity index PDI. The prepared CLD NCs were evaluated for particle size and dissolution study ,F4 was the smallest size 152 nm ,PDI (0.161 )and the saturated solubility was increased about ten folds, this formula was subjected for freeze drying by adding 3 % mannitol as cryoprotectant .A complete dissolusion was established in about 20 minutes which confer the DSC and PXRD results in conversion from crystalline into amorphous state .It can conclude that solvent anti-solvent technique was a useful in preparation of nanocrystals suspension .
Diacerein Loaded Novasome for Transdermal Delivery: Prepartion , In-Vitro Characterization and Factors Affecting Formulation
Authors: Albassam Noor Yousif , Kassab Hanan Jalal 
Published: December 2023

Diacerein (DCN) is a semi-synthetic anthraquinone derivative of Rhein that is indicated for the management of osteoarthritis. Diacerein exhibits poor dissolution in the GIT fluids and suffers from low bioavailability upon oral administration in addition to the laxative effect of Rhein metabolites. The aim of the present study was to develop novasomal vesicles with optimized entrapment efficiency and size to serve as a carrier for transdermal delivery of diacerein. Novasomal vesicles were prepared by thin film hydration method thin film hydration. The prepared vesicles were optimized utilizing different surfactant to cholesterol molar ration, sonication type, different sonication times and varying fatty acid level. The prepared vesicles were characterized for drug entrapment efficiency, vesicle size and PDI. The best formula was further investigated for zeta potential ten TEM and compatibility study by FTIR analysis. Results showed that F6 was the best formula regarding it vesicle size 275.2± 2.68nm , entrapment efficiency 69.415± 0.234 % and PDI 0.309± 0.016. In conclusion , novasomal dispersion could be successfully formulated with thin film hydration method.
Keywords: Diacerein , Novasome , Transdermal Delivery ,Vesicular System .
Synthesis, Characterization, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of New 2-Pyrazolines Derivatives Derived from Guaiacol
Authors: Mervat Mohammed K  , Tagreed N-A Omar  
Published: December 2023

Abstract:
Chalcones were used to synthesis series of 2-pyrazoline derivatives and evaluated their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities
(E)-1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one (1-5) were synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt Condensation method through the reaction of acetophenone with five various para substituted benzaldehyde in presence of KOH, the reaction monitoring by TLC and the result intermediates were checked by melting point and FT-IR
Various 2-Pyrazoline derivatives were prepared by one pot reaction that involved the refluxing of (E)-1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one (1–5) and Hydrazine monohydrate in the presence of glacial acetic acid for 24 hours at a temperature of (45–50) °C for a duration 24 hrs. pyrazoline II (1-5) was formed, then antioxidant compound (guaiacol) was added reflex for 24-48 hours, monitoring by TLC to ensure the reaction was completed. The final mixture was cooled in ice-water bathe until the formation of crystals were completed, added to crushed ice, kept in refrigerator overnight, filter, recrystallized and then dried to get 2-pyrazoline derivatives, IIIa, IIIb, IIIc, IIId and, IIIe. based on the spectral data 2-pyrazoline derivatives structures have been confirmed. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity and anti-inflammatory.
Synthesis and Preliminary Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Microbial Evaluation of New 4,5-Dihydro-1H-Pyrazole Derivatives
Authors: Shaymaa Kanaan K.  , N-A Omar Tagreed 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Organic compounds with pyrazole cores have a variety of uses, notably in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical sectors. The interest in creating pyrazole compounds, examining their many features, and looking for potential uses is growing. Our work has concert with synthesis of chalcones and pyrazolines, then finally pyrazoline-aniline derivatives and evaluation their anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal activities
Predictive value of intraoperative vagus nerve corticobulbar motor evoked potentials to assess the risk of dysphagia in fourth ventricle surgery
Authors: Della Pepa Giuseppe Maria , Fraschetti Flavia , Domenico Michele Di , Valz Gris Angelica , Izzo Alessandro , Menna Grazia , D’Alessandris Quintino Giorgio , D’Ercole Manuela , Stifano Vito , Ausili Cefaro Carolina , Lauretti Liverana , Tamburrini Gianpiero , Olivi Alessandro , Montano Nicola 
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVE
Dysphagia is a significant complication in fourth ventricle surgery. Corticobulbar motor evoked potentials (CB-MEPs) of the lower cranial nerves may provide real-time information possibly correlating with postoperative swallowing dysfunction, and the vagus nerves may prove ideal for this purpose. However, the literature is heterogeneous, non-systematic, and inconclusive on this topic. The object of this retrospective study was to evaluate the correlation between CB-MEPs of the vagus nerve and postoperative worsening or new-onset swallowing deficits in intraaxial fourth ventricle surgery.

METHODS
In 21 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for fourth ventricle intraaxial tumors between February 2018 and October 2022, endotracheal tubes with two applied electrodes contacting the vocal cords were used to record vagus nerve MEPs including values at baseline, the end of surgery, and the minimum value during the operation. From the mean value of right and left vagus nerve MEP amplitudes, the minimum-to-baseline amplitude ratio (MBR) and final-to-baseline amplitude ratio (FBR) were calculated. These indexes were correlated with postoperative swallowing function.

RESULTS
Given their clinical significance, receiver operating characteristic curves were obtained to evaluate the performance of these indexes in predicting postoperative swallowing function. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.850 (p < 0.001) and the best cutoff for FBR was 67.55% for the worsening of swallowing in the postoperative period. The AUC was 0.750 (p = 0.026) and the best cutoff was 46.37% in MBR for the absence of a swallowing disorder at the late follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
This study confirmed that vagus nerve MEPs are reliable predictors of postoperative swallowing function in fourth ventricle surgery and can be feasibly used as an intraoperative monitoring technique.
C2 versus C3 or C4 as the upper instrumented vertebra for long-segment cervical fusions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Quiceno Esteban , Hussein Amna , Pico Annie , Abdulla Ebtesam , Bauer Isabel L. , Nosova Kristin , Orenday-Barraza Jose , Moniakis Alexandros , Khan Monis Ahmed , Prim Michael , Baaj Ali A. 
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVE
Selecting C2 versus C3 or C4 (i.e., C3/C4) as the rostral anchoring level in long-segment cervical fusions is a common clinical conundrum. The data regarding proximal failure in long constructs of the cervical spine is scarce. The objective of this study was to systematically review the published literature and perform a meta-analysis of the incidence for proximal adjacent-segment disease (ASD) in the context of long cervical fusions and cervicothoracic fusions ending in C2 versus those ending in the subaxial spine (C3 or C4).

METHODS
Using the PRISMA guidelines, the authors performed a search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase/Ovid, and Cochrane Central databases to identify all full-text articles in the English-language literature with the following inclusion criteria: 1) studies including patients with the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) at C2 versus C3/C4; 2) patients undergoing ≥ 3-level posterior cervical fusion; and 3) indication for surgery of degenerative disc disease, cervical spondylotic myelopathy, or cervical deformity. Studies that were not published in the English language, case reports, review articles, letters to the editor, and meeting abstracts were excluded. A meta-analysis was conducted using a fixed-effects model when I2 values were below 70%. Conversely, when I2 values were equal to or greater than 70%, a random-effects model was used. A funnel plot was used to assess the presence of publication bias.

RESULTS
Seven studies consisting of 1215 patients were included in the meta-analysis. There were 403 (32.8%) patients in the C2 UIV group and 812 (67.2%) patients in the C3/C4 UIV group. When the 7 studies were analyzed, the overall rate of reoperation was comparable between the C2 (9.2%) and C3/C4 (9.4%) UIV groups (p = 0.93) but the rate of surgical ASD due to proximal pathology was 1.2% and 3%, respectively (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.15–0.86; p = 0.02). When comparing between groups, no statistical difference was found regarding the rate of reoperation due to distal pathology or surgical infection.

CONCLUSIONS
Long-segment cervical or cervicothoracic constructs that anchor into C2 may have similar complication rates but lower revision rates for proximal ASD than constructs that anchor into the subaxial spine.
Does diabetes affect outcome or reoperation rate after lumbar decompression or arthrodesis? A matched analysis of the Quality Outcomes Database data set
Authors: Mooney James , Nathani Karim Rizwan , Zeitouni Daniel , Michalopoulos Giorgos D. , Wang Michael Y. , Coric Domagoj , Chan Andrew K. , Lu Daniel C. , Sherrod Brandon A. , Gottfried Oren N. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Than Khoi D. , Goldberg Jacob L. , Hussain Ibrahim , Virk Michael S. , Agarwal Nitin , Glassman Steven D. , Shaffrey Mark E. , Park Paul , Foley Kevin T. , Chou Dean , Slotkin Jonathan R. , Tumialán Luis M. , Upadhyaya Cheerag D. , Potts Eric A. , Fu Kai-Ming G. , Haid Regis W. , Knightly John J. , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Bisson Erica F. , Asher Anthony L. , Bydon Mohamad 
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVE
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a known risk factor for postsurgical and systemic complications after lumbar spinal surgery. Smaller studies have also demonstrated diminished improvements in patient-reported outcomes (PROs), with increased reoperation and readmission rates after lumbar surgery in patients with DM. The authors aimed to examine longer-term PROs in patients with DM undergoing lumbar decompression and/or arthrodesis for degenerative pathology.

METHODS
The Quality Outcomes Database was queried for patients undergoing elective lumbar decompression and/or arthrodesis for degenerative pathology. Patients were grouped into DM and non-DM groups and optimally matched in a 1:1 ratio on 31 baseline variables, including the number of operated levels. Outcomes of interest were readmissions and reoperations at 30 and 90 days after surgery in addition to improvements in Oswestry Disability Index, back pain, and leg pain scores and quality-adjusted life-years at 90 days after surgery.

RESULTS
The matched decompression cohort comprised 7836 patients (3236 [41.3] females) with a mean age of 63.5 ± 12.6 years, and the matched arthrodesis cohort comprised 7336 patients (3907 [53.3%] females) with a mean age of 64.8 ± 10.3 years. In patients undergoing lumbar decompression, no significant differences in nonroutine discharge, length of stay (LOS), readmissions, reoperations, and PROs were observed. In patients undergoing lumbar arthrodesis, nonroutine discharge (15.7% vs 13.4%, p < 0.01), LOS (3.2 ± 2.0 vs 3.0 ± 3.5 days, p < 0.01), 30-day (6.5% vs 4.4%, p < 0.01) and 90-day (9.1% vs 7.0%, p < 0.01) readmission rates, and the 90-day reoperation rate (4.3% vs 3.2%, p = 0.01) were all significantly higher in the DM group. For DM patients undergoing lumbar arthrodesis, subgroup analyses demonstrated a significantly higher risk of poor surgical outcomes with the open approach.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with and without DM undergoing lumbar spinal decompression alone have comparable readmission and reoperation rates, while those undergoing arthrodesis procedures have a higher risk of poor surgical outcomes up to 90 days after surgery. Surgeons should target optimal DM control preoperatively, particularly for patients undergoing elective lumbar arthrodesis.
PENGARUH KONEKSI POLITIK, MEKANISME BONUS DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP AGRESIVITAS PAJAK
Authors: Handayani Rizki Subekti , Utomo Rochmad Bayu 
Published: December 2023

Perusahaan berusaha mengurangi beban pajaknya dengan menggunakan celah peraturan perpajakan. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan utama untuk mendapatkan bukti terkait koneksi politik, mekanisme bonus, serta leverage memengaruhi tingkat agresivitas pajak di perusahaan sektor manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama periode 2020-2021. Studi ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini, menggunakan teori akuntansi positif serta metode purposive sampling untuk memilih 35 perusahaan sebagai sampel dari sektor manufaktur yang relevan, yang menghasilkan total data sebanyak 70 observasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik regresi linear berganda, yang memungkinkan peneliti untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara variabel independen dan variabel dependen. Namun, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam konteks sampel yang diuji dengan variabel koneksi politik, mekanisme bonus, dan leverage tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap tingkat agresivitas pajak. Ini menyiratkan bahwa faktor-faktor tersebut mungkin tidak menjadi penentu utama dalam perilaku perusahaan terkait dengan praktik agresivitas pajak dalam sampel yang diuji.
The characteristics of Roman Private Law Sources
Authors: Naumenko K. S. 
Published: December 2023

The article establishes that the sources of Roman Private Law are the ways of consolidation and external expression of legal norms which, in their entirety, were aimed at regulating private legal relations.
It is argued that the key sources of Roman Private Law should be divided into the following groups: laws (leges) – these were normative acts issued by the legislative bodies of the Roman Republic or Empire (the most important laws were the XII Tables (Lex Duodecim Tabularum), which became the first codified law in Roman history); customs (mores) – these were the norms of behaviour which were generally recognised by the Roman public (customs arose from complex relationships between people and resolved certain issues which laws did not regulate); judicial decisions (iudicia) were court decisions that served as an example for subsequent decisions in similar cases (they were considered one of the most important sources of Roman Private Law, as they ensured legal stability and progressive development of law); legal writings (responsa, iura, commentarii) were works of famous Roman lawyers containing legal opinions and views on various issues of law (they became an important source of law as they provided interpretation of laws and established legal practice); agreements (pacta) were agreements between parties on certain issues (they played an important role in Roman Private Law as they provided legal protection to the parties and regulated their relations).
The author emphasises the need for further understanding of the sources of Roman law, formulation of the latest recommendations based on the positions of ancient researchers and finding in these positions the latest solutions to the problems existing in society in the context of modern legal thought. This should be achieved through research in various branches of law, as well as relevant scientific events, conferences, competitions involving students, etc.