bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Changes in CSF Cell Parameters After SAH: Comparison of Ventricular and Spinal Drain Samples
Authors: Virta Jyri J. , Satopää Jarno , Luostarinen Teemu , Kaprio Jaakko , Niemelä Mika , Korja Miikka , Raj Rahul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Forty percent of patients with aneurysmatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) develop acute hydrocephalus requiring treatment with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage. CSF cell parameters are used in the diagnosis of nosocomial infections but also reflect sterile inflammation after aSAH. We aimed to study the temporal changes in CSF parameters and compare external ventricular drain (EVD)–derived and lumbar spinal drain–derived samples.

Methods
We retrospectively identified consecutive patients with aSAH treated at our neurointensive care unit between January 2014 and May 2019. We mapped the temporal changes in CSF leucocyte count, erythrocyte count, cell ratio, and cell index during the first 19 days after aSAH separately for EVD-derived and spinal drain–derived samples. We compared the sample sources using a linear mixed model, controlling for repeated sampling.

Results
We included 1360 CSF samples from 197 patients in the analyses. In EVD-derived samples, the CSF leucocyte count peaked at days 4–5 after aSAH, reaching a median of 225 × 106 (interquartile range [IQR] 64–618 × 106). The cell ratio and index peaked at 8–9 days (0.90% [IQR 0.35–1.98%] and 2.71 [IQR 1.25–6.73], respectively). In spinal drain–derived samples, the leucocyte count peaked at days 6–7, reaching a median of 238 × 106 (IQR 60–396 × 106). The cell ratio and index peaked at 14–15 days (4.12% [IQR 0.63–10.61%]) and 12–13 days after aSAH (8.84 [IQR 3.73–18.84]), respectively. Compared to EVD-derived samples, the leucocyte count was significantly higher in spinal drain–derived samples at days 6–17, and the cell ratio as well as the cell index was significantly higher in spinal drain–derived samples compared to EVD samples at days 10–15.

Conclusions
CSF cell parameters undergo dynamic temporal changes after aSAH. CSF samples from different CSF compartments are not comparable.
Patient Perceptions of Care Coordination during Neoadjuvant Therapy for Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Mixed Methods Analysis
Authors: Bath Natalie M. , Palettas Marilly , Stevens Lena , Sarna Angela , Ejaz Aslam , Kim Alex , Pawlik Timothy M. , Cloyd Jordan M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Effective cancer care coordination (CCC) is an integral component of health care delivery and critical to achieving optimal oncologic outcomes. Neoadjuvant therapy (NT), the delivery of multimodality therapy prior to surgery, is inherently complex and multidisciplinary, but CCC during NT is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to characterize patient perceptions of CCC during NT using a mixed methods approach.

Methods
This study is a cross-sectional analysis of patients with gastrointestinal cancers receiving NT who participated in a prospective longitudinal cohort study evaluating their real-time experience using a customized smartphone application. Patients completed the Cancer Care Coordination Questionnaire for Patients (CCCQ-P), a 20-item validated measure of care coordination quality, six weeks after initiating NT. Items were scored on a 5-point Likert scale, and subsections on communication (13 questions) and navigation (7 questions) were calculated with higher scores signifying better CCC. Univariate linear regression was used to calculate the impact of fragmented care and other factors on perceived CCC. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among a convenience sample of patients (n = 5); transcribed interviews were then coded using an inductive approach.

Results
Among 82 participants, mean age was 61 years old, 68% were male, and mean number of comorbidities was 1.68. Overall (mean 76.6 out of 100), communication subsection (48.6 out of 65), and navigation subsection (28.0 out of 35) CCCQ-P scores suggested overall positive perceptions of care coordination. Qualitative analysis of patient interviews highlighted the need for coordination among physicians before communicating the plan to patients as well as the importance of providers communicating plans in verbal and written form.

Conclusions
Successful completion of NT requires significant care coordination between patients and healthcare professionals. Yet, in this cross-sectional analysis of patients on a prospective cohort study, patient perceptions of CCC during NT were overall positive. Future research should focus on optimizing other aspects of care delivery in order to improve outcomes of NT.
Resilience and social support as predictors of life satisfaction in preadolescents: a gender analysis
Authors: Ayllón-Negrillo Ester , Salamanca-Villate Annabella , Cava Maria-Jesús , Lascorz-Lozano Lorién 
Published: February 2024

AbstractResilience and social support are variables related to life satisfaction. Nonetheless, these relationships could be different for boys and girls. This study aimed to analyze the links among life satisfaction, resilience (novelty seeking, emotional regulation and future positive orientation) and social support in early adolescents by exploring possible gender differences. In this study, 552 adolescents aged 10–13 years (52% girls) participated. The results showed stronger positive correlations between life satisfaction and novelty seeking in boys, and positive correlations between life satisfaction and emotional regulation only for girls. Social support was a significant predictor of life satisfaction for both genders, but some resilience dimensions showed differences in their predictive capacity according to gender. Emotional regulation and future positive orientation were predictors of life satisfaction, but only for girls, while novelty seeking was a predictor of life satisfaction for boys. These results highlight the importance of maintaining a gender perspective in research on life satisfaction in early adolescence, and the need to consider gender differences in interventions to enhance their positive development.
Methyl-11C-L-methionine positron emission tomography for radiotherapy planning for recurrent malignant glioma
Authors: Niitsu Hikaru , Fukumitsu Nobuyoshi , Tanaka Keiichi , Mizumoto Masashi , Nakai Kei , Matsuda Masahide , Ishikawa Eiichi , Hatano Kentaro , Hashimoto Tsuyoshi , Kamizawa Satoshi , Sakurai Hideyuki 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective
To investigate differences in uptake regions between methyl-11C-L-methionine positron emission tomography (11C-MET PET) and gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and their impact on dose distribution, including changing of the threshold for tumor boundaries.

Methods
Twenty consecutive patients with grade 3 or 4 glioma who had recurrence after postoperative radiotherapy (RT) between April 2016 and October 2017 were examined. The study was performed using simulation with the assumption that all patients received RT. The clinical target volume (CTV) was contoured using the Gd-enhanced region (CTV(Gd)), the tumor/normal tissue (T/N) ratios of 11C-MET PET of 1.3 and 2.0 (CTV (T/N 1.3), CTV (T/N 2.0)), and the PET-edge method (CTV(P-E)) for stereotactic RT planning. Differences among CTVs were evaluated. The brain dose at each CTV and the dose at each CTV defined by 11C-MET PET using MRI as the reference were evaluated.

Results
The Jaccard index (JI) for concordance of CTV (Gd) with CTVs using 11C-MET PET was highest for CTV (T/N 2.0), with a value of 0.7. In a comparison of pixel values of MRI and PET, the correlation coefficient for cases with higher JI was significantly greater than that for lower JI cases (0.37 vs. 0.20, P = 0.007). D50% of the brain in RT planning using each CTV differed significantly (P = 0.03) and that using CTV (T/N 1.3) were higher than with use of CTV (Gd). V90% and V95% for each CTV differed in a simulation study for actual treatment using CTV (Gd) (P = 1.0 × 10–7 and 3.0 × 10–9, respectively) and those using CTV (T/N 1.3) and CTV (P-E) were lower than with CTV (Gd).

Conclusions
The region of 11C-MET accumulation is not necessarily consistent with and larger than the Gd-enhanced region. A change of the tumor boundary using 11C-MET PET can cause significant changes in doses to the brain and the CTV.
Formation of the Tibetan Plateau during the India-Eurasia Convergence: Insight from 3-D Multi-Terrane Thermomechanical Modeling
Authors: Chen Jile , Zhu Peimin , Yuan Yuefeng , Chen Guifan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractVarious models exist to explain the formation of the Tibetan Plateau, including “tectonic escape”, “pure shear thickening”, “convective removal of the lithospheric mantle”, and “lower crustal flow” model. The first two models are primarily constructed on pure mechanical models but are unable to reasonably explain the tension and shear phenomena inside the plateau. The latter two are rheological dynamic models based on deep geophysical observations. However, the spatial range of the lower crustal flow and its role in the plateau formation/uplift remain controversial. Five multi-terrane viscoplastic thermomechanical models were constructed to simulate the uplift and lithospheric structure change of the Tibetan Plateau during the post-collision stage (since 35 Ma) under the convergence of the Indian Plate. Results show that the plateau’s formation begins with crustal thickening, blocked by strong terranes at the northern plateau, and expanded laterally to the east. The lithosphere thickens gradually and experiences delamination at its base, elevating temperature within the crust and forming partial melting layers in the central plateau. As convergence persists on the southern side, the northern plateau’s lithosphere bends downward and undergoes delamination, further heating the crust and promoting the northward and eastward flow of partial melting layers, leading to secondary uplift around the plateau.
Invasiveness of previous treatment for peripheral arterial disease and risk of adverse cardiac events after coronary stenting
Authors: Pinxterhuis Tineke H. , von Birgelen Clemens , Geelkerken Robert H. , Doggen Carine J. M. , Menting Theo P. , van Houwelingen K. Gert , Linssen Gerard C. M. , Ploumen Eline H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPatients with peripheral arterial disease (PADs), undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), have higher adverse event risks. The effect of invasiveness of PADs treatment on PCI outcome is unknown. This study assessed the impact of the invasiveness of previous PADs treatment (invasive or non-invasive) on event risks after PCI with contemporary drug-eluting stents. This post-hoc analysis pooled 3-year patient-level data of PCI all-comer patients living in the eastern Netherlands, previously treated for PADs. PADs included symptomatic atherosclerotic lesion in the lower or upper extremities; carotid or vertebral arteries; mesenteric arteries or aorta. Invasive PADs treatment comprised endarterectomy, bypass surgery, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, stenting or amputation; non-invasive treatment consisted of medication and participation in exercise programs. Primary endpoint was (coronary) target vessel failure: composite of cardiac mortality, target vessel-related myocardial infarction, or clinically indicated target vessel revascularization. Of 461 PCI patients with PADs, information on PADs treatment was available in 357 (77.4%) patients; 249 (69.7%) were treated invasively and 108 (30.3%) non-invasively. Baseline and PCI procedural characteristics showed no between-group difference. Invasiveness of PADs treatment was not associated with adverse event risks, including target vessel failure (20.5% vs. 16.0%; HR: 1.30, 95%-CI 0.75–2.26, p = 0.35), major adverse cardiac events (23.3% vs. 20.4%; HR: 1.16, 95%-CI 0.71–1.90, p = 0.55), and all-cause mortality (12.1% vs. 8.3%; HR: 1.48, 95%-CI 0.70–3.13, p = 0.30). In PADs patients participating in PCI trials, we found no significant relation between the invasiveness of previous PADs treatment and 3-year outcome after PCI. Consequently, high-risk PCI patients can be identified by consulting medical records, searching for PADs, irrespective of the invasiveness of PADs treatment.
Graphical abstract

Comparison of patients with non-invasive and invasive PADs treatment. PADs peripheral arterial disease, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention.
Energy Consumption and Human Capital: Does Human Capital Stimulate Renewable Energy? The Case of Greece
Authors: Pegkas Panagiotis 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to empirically examine the relationship between energy consumption and human capital in Greece, using annual data from 1990 to 2021. Due to the availability of the data, we use the autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) approach, which is more reliable for studies with small samples. The results indicate that human capital substantially negatively affects energy consumption in the long and short run. When splitting aggregate energy consumption into renewable and non-renewable our findings suggest that human capital stimulates renewable energy consumption and reduces non-renewable energy consumption. Moreover, we find that a higher level of human capital arises from increasing the share of the advanced-educated population, and technological progress reduces non-renewable energy consumption and increases renewable energy consumption. Policymakers in Greece should consider that investing in human capital could be the key for the country to reduce energy consumption and achieve a sustainable growth level by replacing polluting fuels with clean energy sources in the energy mix.
Conceptualizing Supply Chain Resilience in Exogenous Crisis Times: Toward a Holistic Definition
Authors: Faggioni Francesca , Rossi Marco Valerio , Sestino Andrea 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Supply chain resilience has become increasingly crucial in today’s scenario in response to major disruptions that generated huge exogenous crises. This paper investigates the current SCR-related academic literature related to SCR to develop a new holistic definition. A total amount of 214 scientific contributions the last 5 years (i.e., between 2018 and 2022) have been analyzed. Findings revealed four important issues to achieve SCR, i.e., Key resilience attributes, Technology-aided visible SC, Sustainable and measurable SCR practices, and Relationship between SC partners. Leveraging insights gleaned from these critical issues, we have meticulously crafted an updated and comprehensive definition of SCR, by considering the multi-faceted facets that contribute to its holistic understanding. In light of our emerging insights, we suggest a novel approach to fortify organizational supply chain resilience, emphasizing a more holistic perspective. Our recommendations for future research include (1) exploring the integration of emerging technologies like blockchain and artificial intelligence for real-time monitoring to enhance adaptive decision-making in post-COVID-19 supply chains, (2) investigating the strategic role of collaborative networks and information sharing among supply chain partners to enhance agility and responsiveness amidst post-pandemic uncertainties, and (3) analyzing the impact of sustainable and circular supply chain practices on resilience. Findings of the paper and the new holistic definition of SCR have several implications for both academics and managers that are listed at the end of the paper along with limitations of the study and future research avenues.
Considering Culture and Countering Mistrust: Organisation Perspectives for Adapting Comprehensive Sexuality Education in Ghana
Authors: Chubb L. A. , Adewale D. , Jarvis K. , Jackson S. , Naseer B. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) is heralded as an effective solution to reduce acute sexual and reproductive health (SRH) issues, particularly for young people. In Ghana, from 2019 to 2020, a co-ordinated campaign against implementing revisions to the CSE curriculum by national and international parties generated a polarising debate resulting in government pull-back from actioning the revisions. Whilst mainstream reporting predominantly focuses on political voices that either promote or discredit the CSE curriculum, formally documented perspectives of those working within service delivery are limited in Ghana.

Methods
To address this gap, in February 2020, an exploratory qualitative study was conducted using 16 key-informant semistructured interviews with practitioners from organisations delivering SRH in Accra, Ghana, to answer the question: In what ways might CSE be adapted to enhance SRH education delivery for young people in Ghana? Participants were asked their perspectives on the barriers and enablers of CSE implementation in Ghana.

Results
Utilising a rights-based approach as a theoretical frame for analysis, a hybrid thematic analysis approach revealed three overarching themes: (1) “It’s not anything strange”: The need to normalise young people’s sexual wellness; (2) cultural considerations and countering mistrust; and (3) suggested adaptations.

Conclusions and Policy Implications
Key informants described seeing the need for CSE in Ghana alongside cultural resistance to content within the curriculum. They called for CSE implementations to consider engaging multiple stakeholders in training to develop content clarity and suggested pathways for incremental delivery and adaptations at government and community levels to continue addressing issues of sexual wellness for the country’s growing youth population.
Human-Centered Explanations: Lessons Learned from Image Classification for Medical and Clinical Decision Making
Authors: Finzel Bettina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo date, there is no universal explanatory method for making decisions of an AI-based system transparent to human decision makers. This is because, depending on the application domain, data modality, and classification model, the requirements for the expressiveness of explanations vary. Explainees, whether experts or novices (e.g., in medical and clinical diagnosis) or developers, have different information needs. To address the explanation gap, we motivate human-centered explanations and demonstrate the need for combined and expressive approaches based on two image classification use cases: digital pathology and clinical pain detection using facial expressions. Various explanatory approaches that have emerged or been applied in the three-year research project “Transparent Medical Expert Companion” are shortly reviewed and categorized in expressiveness according to their modality and scope. Their suitability for different contexts of explanation is assessed with regard to the explainees’ need for information. The article highlights open challenges and suggests future directions for integrative explanation frameworks.
HIV-1 mRNA knockdown with CRISPR/CAS9 enhances neurocognitive function
Authors: McLaurin Kristen A. , Li Hailong , Khalili Kamel , Mactutus Charles F. , Booze Rosemarie M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMixed glia are infiltrated with HIV-1 virus early in the course of infection leading to the development of a persistent viral reservoir in the central nervous system. Modification of the HIV-1 genome using gene editing techniques, including CRISPR/Cas9, has shown great promise towards eliminating HIV-1 viral reservoirs; whether these techniques are capable of removing HIV-1 viral proteins from mixed glia, however, has not been systematically evaluated. Herein, the efficacy of adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing for eliminating HIV-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) from cortical mixed glia was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, a within-subjects experimental design was utilized to treat mixed glia isolated from neonatal HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) rats with varying doses (0, 0.9, 1.8, 2.7, 3.6, 4.5, or 5.4 µL corresponding to a physical titer of 0, 4.23 × 109, 8.46 × 109, 1.269 × 1010, 1.692 × 1010, 2.115 × 1010, and 2.538 × 1010 gc/µL) of CRISPR/Cas9 for 72 h. Dose-dependent decreases in the number of HIV-1 mRNA, quantified using an innovative in situ hybridization technique, were observed in a subset (i.e., n = 5 out of 8) of primary mixed glia. In vivo, HIV-1 Tg rats were retro-orbitally inoculated with CRISPR/Cas9 for two weeks, whereby treatment resulted in profound excision (i.e., approximately 53.2%) of HIV-1 mRNA from the medial prefrontal cortex. Given incomplete excision of the HIV-1 viral genome, the clinical relevance of HIV-1 mRNA knockdown for eliminating neurocognitive impairments was evaluated via examination of temporal processing, a putative neurobehavioral mechanism underlying HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Indeed, treatment with CRISPR/Cas9 protractedly, albeit not permanently, restored the developmental trajectory of temporal processing. Proof-of-concept studies, therefore, support the susceptibility of mixed glia to gene editing and the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 to serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for HAND, even in the absence of full viral eradication.
Online learning environment and student engagement: the mediating role of expectancy and task value beliefs
Authors: Vo Hoi , Ho Hang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of student engagement in online learning by exploring the effects of salient online learning environment conditions on student engagement and the motivational pathways through which they affect engagement. Survey data were collected from 351 undergraduate students enrolled in various online undergraduate programs at a large open university in Vietnam. Results of structural equation modelling revealed that course clarity and task relevance had significant indirect effects on students’ behavioural, cognitive, and affective engagement via their expectancy and task value beliefs. Teacher support was found to have indirect effect on student engagement only via expectancy beliefs whereas student connectedness predicted neither students’ motivation nor engagement in online learning. Results of the study are discussed in light of existing theoretical and empirical evidence on the intricate relationships between learning environment, motivation, and student engagement. Implications for practice are also offered to help create an online learning environment that has potential to foster student engagement and alleviate disengagement and dropout.
On Ribet’s lemma for GL$$_2$$ modulo prime powers
Authors: Ophir Amit , Weiss Ariel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLet $$\rho :G\rightarrow {{\,\textrm{GL}\,}}_2(K)$$

ρ
:
G
→

GL

2

(
K
)

be a continuous representation of a compact group G over a complete discretely valued field K with ring of integers $$\mathcal {O}$$
O
and uniformiser $$\pi $$
π
. We prove that $${{\,\textrm{tr}\,}}\rho $$

tr

ρ

is reducible modulo $$\pi ^n$$

π
n

if and only if $$\rho $$
ρ
is reducible modulo $$\pi ^n$$

π
n

. More precisely, there exist characters $$\chi _1,\chi _2 :G\rightarrow (\mathcal {O}/\pi ^n\mathcal {O})^\times $$

χ
1

,

χ
2

:
G
→

(
O
/

π
n

O
)

×

such that $$\det (t - \rho (g))\equiv (t-\chi _1(g))(t-\chi _2(g))\pmod {\pi ^n}$$

det

(
t
-
ρ

(
g
)

)

≡

(
t
-

χ
1

(
g
)

)

(
t
-

χ
2

(
g
)

)

(
mod

π
n

)

for all $$g\in G$$

g
∈
G

, if and only if there exists a G-stable lattice $$\Lambda \subseteq K^2$$

Λ
⊆

K
2

such that $$\Lambda /\pi ^n\Lambda $$

Λ
/

π
n

Λ

contains a G-invariant, free, rank one $$\mathcal {O}/\pi ^n\mathcal {O}$$

O
/

π
n

O

-submodule. Our result applies in the case that $$\rho $$
ρ
is not residually multiplicity-free, in which case it answers a question of Bellaïche and Chenevier (J Algebra 410:501–525, 2014, pp. 524). As an application, we prove an optimal version of Ribet’s lemma, which gives a condition for the existence of a G-stable lattice $$\Lambda $$
Λ
that realises a non-split extension of $$\chi _2$$

χ
2

by $$\chi _1$$

χ
1

.