bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production and Characterization ofa Reconstituted High Density Lipoprotein for Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Lerch Peter G. , Förtsch Vreni , Hodler Gerhard , Bolli Reinhard 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA method is described for the large scale preparation of reconstituted high density lipoproteins (rHDL) suitable for therapeutic use. Apolipoprotein A‐I (apoA‐I) was isolated from precipitates obtained by cold ethanol fractionation of human plasma. This process includes several steps for virus removal and virus inactivation, among them pasteurization. Reconstitution of lipoprotein particles was performed by cholate dialysis using soybean phosphatidylcholine as the lipid source. An apoA‐I:lipid ratio of 1:150 (mol:mol) was obtained. Redissolved rHDLs were disc‐shaped particles resembling nascent HDL, as assessed by electron microscopy. The method was optimized for low content of free apoA‐I protein as well as the low concentration of free lipid. The product was stabilized by lyophilization in the presence of sucrose. In vitro studies show potential effects in the prevention of gram‐negative septic shock and in the inhibition of atherosclerosis.
Dr. Anthony F. H. Britten
Authors: Ala Fareydoun , Contreras Marcela 
Published: May 2003

AbstractDr Anthony Britten was the head of the blood programme of the League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies from 1985 to 1989 and vice chairman of the World Federation of Haemophilia. He was actively involved with Vox Sanguinis as Section Editor from 1986 to 1994 and as a very good friend of members of the Editorial Board and Foundation Vox Sanguinis. He worked ceaselessly to promote medical services for people with haemophilia, especially in developing countries where safe blood programmes did not exist. He was uniquely able to understand the medical, emotional and social needs of this population as he was born in South Africa with severe haemophilia A, at a time when almost all boys born with bleeding disorders died before they reached maturity. (Two of his uncles died in childhood.) Apart from some happy years spent at a sympathetic prep school, The Ridge, he was educated by family and tutors, for no senior school would accept the risk that such a life‐threatening condition posed.
Growth Factors and Their Impact on Transfusion Medicine
Authors: Miller Yvette M. , Klein Harvey G. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractHematopoietic growth factors, glycoproteins that stimulate self‐renewal, differentiation, and proliferation of responsive hematopoietic cells, promise to revolutionize transfusion medicine. Recombinant DNA technology has made several of these cytokines available at pharmacologic doses, and new candidate agents for clinical application appear regularly. Growth factors prescribed for patients have already reduced the requirement for red blood cell and granulocyte transfusions in selected clinical circumstances. A lineage‐specific thrombopoietin will likely limit the need for platelet transfusions. Hematopoietic cytokine injections have also been used to increase the number of red blood cells, granulocytes and circulating primitive progenitor cells in blood donors. Cytokine‐stimulated peripheral blood progenitor cell infusions have complemented and, in some instances, replaced bone marrow for adjunctive cancer chemotherapy and for bone marrow transplantation. Finally, synergistic combinations of cytokines can effect ex vivo expansion of lymphocytes and of progenitor cells to provide novel blood components. Hematopoietic growth factors are still expensive and their long‐term effects remain to be determined. However, as the biologic activities of cytokines and the physiology of hematopoietic progenitor cells become better understood, the clinical application of novel cellular components may redefine the concept of blood transfusion.
Sexual Transmission of Two Different HCV Types Causing Acute Hepatitis C
Authors: Sánchez‐Beiza Lidia , Bravo Rosa , Toribio Rafael , Navarro Silvia , Soriano Vicente 
Published: May 2003

AbstractIn Western countries, heterosexual transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) globally seems to occur in about 5% of partners of HCV‐seropositive individuals [1]. The risk increases with duration of sexual relationships [2], and male‐to‐female transmission is more efficient than vice versa [3]. Currently, little is known about the transmissibility of different HCV genotypes, although a report from Japan [4] has noted that high levels of HVC‐RNA commonly associated with HCV type 1b infection might correlate with a greater risk of transmission for this HCV subtype. Herein, we describe a case of acute hepatitis C in a young woman following transmission of HCV types 2 and 4 after having sexual contact for 1 year with a partner carrying both types.
Rh Haplotypes That Make e But Not hrB Usually Make VS
Authors: Reid Marion E. , Storry Jill R. , Issitt Peter D. , Combs Martha Rae , Beal Connie L. , Mallory Delores A. , Blancher Antoine 
Published: May 2003

Abstract Background and objectives: The Rh phenotypes hrB– and VS+ are both rare in Whites but more common in Blacks. The high‐incidence antigen hrB is present on most red cells that are e+. The presence of VS on red cells is associated with an aberrant expression of e, often called eS. Materials and methods: Using conventional serologic methods, including a monoclonal anti‐hrB‐like antibody, we studied 65 e+ samples that were apparently hrB–. Results: Of the 65, we found that 59 (91%) were VS+. Recent findings have indicated that in VS+ persons a change from leucine to valine occurs at amino acid 245 of the RHCE‐encoded polypeptide. While this residue is predicted to lie within the red cell membrane bilayer, the change presumably affects alanine 226 (that is present when e is expressed) in such a way that eS is seen. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the change from e to eS may result in nonexpression or marked depression of expression of hrB that is, perhaps, an epitope of e. While the molecular basis of the hrB– phenotype is not known, it is unlikely that the leucine‐to‐valine change at residue 245, resulting in the aberrant form of e, explains all hrB– samples. First, hrB– VS+ and hrB– VS– samples must differ. Second, some hrB– VS+ samples are C+, some are C–. Presumably diverse molecular bases are involved in hrB– phenotypes.
Gross Anatomic Organization of the Capybara's (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) Brachial Plexus
Authors: Fioretto E. T. , de Souza Castro M. F. , Guidi W. L. , Mainardi R. , de Souza R. R. , Ribeiro A. A. C. M. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryThe innervation of the capybara thoracic limb was characterized. The following nerves were observed constituting the right and left brachial plexus: n. dorsalis scapulae (C4 and C5; C4, C5 and C6) which innervates the m. serratus ventralis cervicis and m. rhomboideus; n. suprascapularis (C4, C5 and C6; C5, C6 and C7) supplying the m. supraspinatus and the m. infraspinatus; cranial and caudal nn. subscapulares (C5 and C6; C5, C6 and C7) innervating the m. subscapularis; n. axillaris (C5 and C6; C6, C7 and C8) which supplies the m. triceps brachii (caput mediale); n. radialis (C6, C7, C8 and T1; C6, C7 and C8) which innervates the m. triceps brachii (caput longum and caput mediale) and the m. extensor carpi radialis, m. extensor digitorum communis, m. extensor digitorum lateralis; n. medianus joined to the n. musculocutaneus (C6, C7, C8 and T1; C6, C7 and C8) supplying the m. biceps brachii, m. flexor carpi radialis and m. coracobrachialis; n. ulnaris (C6, C7, C8 and T1; C6, C7 and C8) leading to the m. flexor carpi radialis, the m. flexor carpi ulnaris and the m. flexor digitorum superficialis; n. thoracodorsalis (C6, C7, C8 and T1; C6, C7 and C8) supplying the m. latissimus dorsi; n. thoracicus lateralis (C8, T1; C7, C8, T1) which innervates m. pectoralis profundus (caudal portion); n. thoracicus longus (C6, C7; C7, C8) which is distributed to the m. serratus ventralis thoracis. A communication between the n. radialis and n. ulnaris was observed at the left brachial plexus.
The Origin and Course of the Greater, Lesser and Least Thoracic Splanchnic Nerves in New Zealand Rabbits
Authors: Duzler A. , Dursun N. , Cengelci A. , Cevik A. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryIn this study, the origin and course of the greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves was investigated in 12 adult New Zealand rabbits with regard to sex and the side of the body. There were no significant differences between the female and male rabbits. The greater and lesser splanchnic nerves were present in all the cadavers examined. However, the least splanchnic nerve was found on the right side in 50% of the cadavers (nos. 2, 4, 6, 7, 11 and 12), and on the left side in 75% (1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 12). With regard to the origin and pattern of the greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves, there were significant differences between the right and left sides of the body even in the same rabbit. No significant difference was observed between sexes.
A Study on the Morphological Structure of Syrinx in Ostriches (Struthio camelus)
Authors: Yildiz H. , Bahadir A. , Akkoç A. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the topographical, anatomical and histological characteristics of syrinx in five ostriches. It was observed that the syrinx in the ostrich was tracheobronchial type and was composed of three different cartilage groups, namely tympanum, cartilagines (cartt.) tracheosyringeales and cartt. bronchosyringeales. Tympanum and cartt. tracheosyringeales were formed from three and four cartilage rings, respectively, while cartt. bronchosyringeales was formed from three C‐shaped cartilage rings. The pessulus did not contain any ossified or cartilaginous tissues and was made up of a double folded mucous membrane extending dorsoventrally from median walls of bronchus primarius into the cavum syringis.
Production and clearance of plasma triacylglycerols in ponies fed diets containing either medium‐chain triacylglycerols or soya bean oil
Authors: Hallebeek J. M. , Beynen A. C. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryThe hypothesis was tested that feeding ponies a diet containing medium‐chain triacylglcyerols (MCT) instead of soya bean oil causes an increase in the production of plasma triacylglycerols, which, under steady‐state conditions, is associated with an increased clearance of triacylglycerols. Six ponies were fed rations containing either MCT or an isoenergetic amount of soya bean oil according to a cross‐over design. The concentration of MCT in the total dietary dry matter was about 13%. When the ponies were fed the diets for 3 weeks, plasma triacylglycerol concentrations were 0.42 ± 0.09 and 0.17 ± 0.03 mmol/l (mean ± SE,n = 6; p < 0.05) for the MCT and soya bean‐oil treatment, respectively. Plasma triacylglycerol production was assessed using the Triton method and clearance with the use of Intralipid®infusion. Plasma triacylglycerol production was 2.91 ± 0.88 and 0.50 ± 0.14 μmol/l·min (means ± SE,n = 4; p < 0.05) for the diets containing MCT and soya bean oil, respectively. It is suggested that the calculated rates of triacylglycerol production are underestimated, the deviation being greatest when the ponies were fed the ration of soya bean oil. Triacylglycerol clearance rates were calculated on the basis of group mean values for both the fractional clearance rate and the baseline levels of plasma triacylglycerols; the values were 4.28 and 3.52 μmol/l·min for MCT and soya bean oil feeding, respectively. The mean, absolute clearance rates as based on those found in individual ponies did not show an increase when the diet with MCT was fed. Nevertheless, it is concluded that the data obtained support our hypothesis.
Amino acid, mineral and vitamin levels in hydrous faeces obtained from coprophagy‐prevented rats
Authors: Sukemori S. , Ikeda S. , Kurihara Y. , Ito S. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryAmino acid, mineral and vitamin levels in hydrous faeces obtained from coprophagy‐prevented rats were examined. Two experiments were conducted with rats of different age, 4 weeks and 10 weeks. Six rats each were fed under coprophagy‐prevented and coprophagy‐allowed (conventional feeding) conditions, respectively. In the first experiment using 4‐week‐old rats, amino acid values were determined for hydrous faeces and usual faeces obtained in the above‐mentioned conditions. In the second experiment using 10‐week‐old rats, mineral values were determined for both types of faeces. Vitamin values were determined in both experiments. In a comparison of amino acid values and their patterns, specific kinds of amino acids in hydrous faeces were not recognized as growth factors. Sodium and potassium levels in hydrous faeces were significantly higher than those for usual faeces, but those levels were 1/(18–20) of those derived from feed. Although cyanocobalamin and folic acid levels in hydrous faeces were two to three times higher than those for usual faeces, folic acid supplements from coprophagy were 1/8 of those derived from feed. Cyanocobalamin supplements from hydrous faeces were five times larger than those from feed. Therefore, it appears that cyanocobalamin was supplied by the ingestion of hydrous faeces and that this cyanocobalamin supports conventional growth in rats.
Recidivans cutaneous leishmaniasis unresponsive to liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome®)
Authors: Gündüz Kamer , Afsar Sule , Ayhan Semin , Kandiloglu Ali Riza , Türel Aylin , Ebru Filiz Elif , Zeki Ok Ülgen 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA 60‐year‐old woman with thick crusted erythematous plaques on her glabella, apex nasi and left infraorbital region was diagnosed as recidivans cutaneous leishmaniasis. The lesions were resistant to antimonial drugs. Although some response was observed on the infraorbital region, lesions on the glabella and nose continued to infiltrate despite therapy with liposomal amphotericin B.
Double‐blind clinical study reveals synergistic action between alpha‐hydroxy acid and betamethasone lotions towards topical treatment of scalp psoriasis
Authors: Kostarelos K , Teknetzis A , Lefaki I , Ioannides D , Minas A 
Published: May 2003

Abstract Objective A double‐blind, single‐site, split‐face clinical study was organized and carried out in order to evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of a glycolic acid containing scalp lotion in conjunction with a betamethasone (as the 17‐valerate) scalp application against conditions of psoriasis. Backgroundα‐hydroxy acids (AHA) have been proposed as therapeutic modalities against skin exfoliative conditions such as ichthyosis, xeroderma, and psoriasis. AHAs are hereby clinically investigated as therapeutic modalities adjuvant to corticosteroids in order to diminish systemic and topical adverse side‐effects most frequently associated with use of the latter. Methods Twenty patients suffering from scalp psoriasis and other psoriatic conditions were included in a double‐blind, split‐face clinical study, using combinations of a 10% (w/w) glycolic acid scalp lotion, placebo lotion (excipients only), and a 0.1% (w/w) betamethasone scalp application, applied twice daily without any bandage for a period of 8 weeks. Clinical assessments were carried out by highly experienced physician evaluations based on a four‐grade scale, prior to treatment and after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. Results Improvement was observed in all cases included in the study following treatment with the 10% glycolic acid lotion. However, when equal parts of the 0.1% betamethasone lotion were combined, most of the treated sites were healed. Moreover, the duration of treatment required for healing was in this case reduced to approximately half of that needed when the glycolic acid or the betamethasone lotions were used separately for treatment. Conclusions The present clinical study demonstrates for the first time that the effective and well tolerated therapeutic efficacy of glycolic acid scalp lotions is enhanced when used in conjunction with a 0.1% betamethasone scalp application against scalp psoriasis. This potential offers the practising dermatologist with novel treatment modes against severe skin conditions by combining topical corticosteroid with exfoliative agent therapy.
Optimized UVB treatment of psoriasis: a controlled, left‐right comparison trial
Authors: Selvaag Edgar , Caspersen Lene , Bech‐Thomsen Niels , Olivarius Frederik de Fine , Wulf Hans Christian 
Published: May 2003

AbstractIn a randomized, controlled, left‐right comparison study, 20 patients with chronic plaque psoriasis were treated with UVB. One side of the body received UVB in a conventional regimen with fixed dose increments, the other side was given UVB doses according to measurements of skin pigmentation. Skin pigmentation was quantified by the skin reflectance technique. The relationship between skin pigmentation and sensitivity to UV radiation was used to optimize and individualize the initial UVB exposure dose. Clinical outcome, initial, final and cumulative UVB doses, time to 50% reduction in PASI score, and side‐effects were compared. The consequence of the optimization of the UVB doses with a skin reflectance meter was that the initial UVB dose was significantly higher than in the conventional UVB regimen. PASI scoring demonstrated a more rapid improvement during the first 2 weeks of treatment on the half body receiving the optimized treatment compared to the other side (P < 0.05). This new technique offers the same therapeutical advantages and security as a dose regimen guided by minimal erythema dose testing. However, measurement of skin pigmentation by skin reflectance is a quick method which can be operated easily by nurses.
Cloning, expression and in vitro evaluation of recombinant canine Tum5, an angiostatic domain of mammalian type IV collagen
Authors: Mauldin G. N. , Foster T. P. , Waddell C. W. , Egan M. E. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe process of new blood vessel formation within and around neoplastic tissue, termed angiogenesis, is a significant factor in the development, progression and metastasis of malignant tumours in all species. A major cause of death in cancer patients is the development of treatment‐resistant metastatic disease, which may be avoided by therapies that target the genetically stable population of vascular endothelial cells within tumours. Tumstatin is a small protein formed by the cleavage of the alpha‐3 subunit of the non‐collagenous domain of mammalian type IV collagen. Recombinant human Tumstatin has been shown to have potent angiostatic properties in vitro and in vivo. Tumstatin is a potent initiator of apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells in cell culture. Recently, a fragment of Tumstatin, termed Tum5, has been shown to have biologic activity similar to the parent compound. The systemic administration of angiostatic proteins like Tum5 may result in the remission of established tumours, while preventing or delaying the onset of clinically detectable metastasis.Recombinant canine Tum5 (cTum5) was cloned and its protein expression induced in a prokaryotic vector. The resulting cTum5 protein caused dose‐dependent inhibition of vascular endothelial cells in vitro, which appears to be mediated through apoptosis.
Differential Effects of Elevated Ozone on Two Hybrid Aspen Genotypes Predisposed to Chronic Ozone Fumigation. Role of Ethylene and Salicylic Acid
Authors: Vahala Jorma , Keinänen Markku , Schützendübel Andres , Polle Andrea , Kangasjärvi Jaakko 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
The role of ethylene (ET) signaling in the responses of two hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. × P.tremuloides Michx.) clones to chronic ozone (O3; 75 nL L−1) was investigated. The hormonal responses differed between the clones; the O3-sensitive clone 51 had higher ET evolution than the tolerant clone 200 during the exposure, whereas the free salicylic acid concentration in clone 200 was higher than in clone 51. The cellular redox status, measured as glutathione redox balance, did not differ between the clones suggesting that the O3 lesions were not a result of deficient antioxidative capacity. The buildup of salicylic acid during chronic O3 exposure might have prevented the up-regulation of ET biosynthesis in clone 200. Blocking of ET perception with 1-methylcyclopropene protected both clones from the decrease in net photosynthesis during chronic exposure to O3. After a pretreatment with low O3 for 9 d, an acute 1.5-fold O3 elevation caused necrosis in the O3-sensitive clone 51, which increased substantially when ET perception was blocked. The results suggest that in hybrid aspen, ET signaling had a dual role depending on the severity of the stress. ET accelerated leaf senescence under low O3, but under acute O3 elevation, ET signaling seemed to be required for protection from necrotic cell death.
Ethylene Insensitivity Modulates Ozone-Induced Cell Death in Birch
Authors: Vahala Jorma , Ruonala Raili , Keinänen Markku , Tuominen Hannele , Kangasjärvi Jaakko 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
We have used genotypic variation in birch (Betula pendula Roth) to investigate the roles of ozone (O3)-induced ethylene (ET), jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid in the regulation of tissue tolerance to O3. Of these hormones, ET evolution correlated best with O3-induced cell death. Disruption of ET perception by transformation of birch with the dominant negative mutant allele etr1-1 of the Arabidopsis ET receptor gene ETR1 or blocking of ET perception with 1-methylcyclopropene reduced but did not completely prevent the O3-induced cell death, when inhibition of ET biosynthesis with aminooxyacetic acid completely abolished O3 lesion formation. This suggests the presence of an ET-signaling-independent but ET biosynthesis-dependent component in the ET-mediated stimulation of cell death in O3-exposed birch. Functional ET signaling was required for the O3 induction of the gene encoding β-cyanoalanine synthase, which catalyzes detoxification of the cyanide formed during ET biosynthesis. The results suggest that functional ET signaling is required to protect birch from the O3-induced cell death and that a decrease in ET sensitivity together with a simultaneous, high ET biosynthesis can potentially cause cell death through a deficient detoxification of cyanide.
Dissociating Explicit and Implicit Category Knowledge with fMRI
Authors: Reber Paul J. , Gitelman Darren R. , Parrish Todd B. , Mesulam M. Marsel 
Published: May 2003

AbstractNeuroimaging of healthy volunteers identified separate neural systems supporting the expression of category knowledge depending on whether the learning mode was intentional or incidental. The same visual category was learned either intentionally or implicitly by two separate groups of participants. During a categorization test, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to compare brain activity evoked by category members and nonmembers. After implicit learning, when participants had learned the category incidentally, decreased occipital activity was observed for novel categorical stimuli compared with noncategorical stimuli. In contrast, after intentional learning, novel categorical stimuli evoked increased activity in the hippocampus, right prefrontal cortex, left inferior temporal cortex, precuneus, and posterior cingulate. Even though the categorization test was identical in the two conditions, the differences in brain activity indicate differing representations of category knowledge depending on whether the category had been learned intentionally or implicitly.