bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring caregivers' attitudes and beliefs about nutrition and weight management for young people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Billich Natassja , Bray Paula , Truby Helen , Evans Maureen , Ryan Monique M. , Carroll Kate , de Valle Katy , Villano Daniella , Kornberg Andrew , Sowerby Bianca , Farrar Michelle A. , Menezes Manoj P. , Holland Sandra , Lindeback Rachel , Cairns Anita , Davidson Zoe E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsObesity disproportionately affects children and adolescents with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and with adverse consequences for disease progression. This study aims to: explore barriers, enablers, attitudes, and beliefs about nutrition and weight management; and to obtain caregiver preferences for the design of a weight management program for DMD.MethodsWe surveyed caregivers of young people with DMD from four Australian pediatric neuromuscular clinics. Survey questions were informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework and purposefully designed to explore barriers and enablers to food and weight management. Caregivers were asked to identify their preferred features in a weight management program for families living with DMD.ResultsFifty‐three caregivers completed the survey. Almost half (48%) perceived their son as above healthy weight. Consequences for those children were perceived to be self‐consciousness (71%), a negative impact on self‐esteem (64%) and movement (57%). Preventing weight gain was a common reason for providing healthy food and healthy eating was a high priority for families. Barriers to that intention included: time constraints, selective food preferences, and insufficient nutrition information. Caregivers preferred an intensive six‐week weight management program addressing appetite management and screen time.DiscussionManaging weight is an important issue for caregivers of sons with DMD; yet several barriers exist. Individualized 6 week programs are preferred by caregivers to improve weight management for DMD.
Offspring cardiometabolic outcomes and postnatal growth trajectories after exposure to maternal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Shook Lydia L. , Castro Victor M. , Herzberg Emily M. , Fourman Lindsay T. , Kaimal Anjali J. , Perlis Roy H. , Edlow Andrea G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to determine whether in utero exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2 is associated with increased risk for a cardiometabolic diagnosis by 18 months of age.MethodsThis retrospective electronic health record (EHR)‐based cohort study included the live‐born offspring of all individuals who delivered during the COVID‐19 pandemic (April 1, 2020–December 31, 2021) at eight hospitals in Massachusetts. Offspring exposure was defined as a positive maternal SARS‐CoV‐2 polymerase chain reaction test during pregnancy. The primary outcome was presence of an ICD‐10 code for a cardiometabolic disorder in offspring EHR by 18 months. Weight‐, length‐, and BMI‐for‐age z scores were calculated and compared at 6‐month intervals from birth to 18 months.ResultsA total of 29,510 offspring (1599 exposed and 27,911 unexposed) were included. By 18 months, 6.7% of exposed and 4.4% of unexposed offspring had received a cardiometabolic diagnosis (crude odds ratio [OR] 1.47 [95% CI: 1.10 to 1.94], p = 0.007; adjusted OR 1.38 [1.06 to 1.77], p = 0.01). Exposed offspring had a significantly greater mean BMI‐for‐age z score versus unexposed offspring at 6 months (z score difference 0.19 [95% CI: 0.10 to 0.29], p < 0.001; adjusted difference 0.04 [−0.06 to 0.13], p = 0.4).ConclusionsExposure to maternal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was associated with an increased risk of receiving a cardiometabolic diagnosis by 18 months preceded by greater BMI‐for‐age at 6 months.
The Toxicological Effects of e‐Cigarette Use in the Upper Airway: A Scoping Review
Authors: Worden Cameron P. , Hicks Kayla B. , Hackman Trevor G. , Yarbrough Wendell G. , Kimple Adam J. , Farzal Zainab 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveWhile evidence continues to emerge on the negative health effects of electronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes) on the lungs, little is known regarding their deleterious effects on the upper airway. The purpose of this review is to summarize the toxicological effects of e‐cigarettes, and their components, on the upper airway.Data SourcesPubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE databases.Review MethodsSystematic searches were performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses guidelines from 2003 to 2023. Studies were included if they investigated the toxicological effects of e‐cigarette exposure on human or animal upper airway tissue. Two authors independently screened, reviewed, and appraised all included articles.ResultsA total of 822 unique articles were identified, of which 53 met inclusion criteria and spanned subsites including the oral cavity (22/53 studies), nasal cavity/nasopharynx (13/53), multiple sites (10/53), larynx (5/53), trachea (2/53), and oropharynx (1/53). The most commonly observed consequences of e‐cigarette use on the upper airway included: proinflammatory (15/53 studies), histological (13/53), cytotoxicity (11/53), genotoxicity (11/53), and procarcinogenic (6/53). E‐cigarette humectants independently induced toxicity at multiple upper airway subsites, however, effects were generally amplified when flavoring(s) and/or nicotine were added. Across almost all studies, exposure to cigarette smoke exhibited increased toxicity in the upper airway compared with exposure to e‐cigarette vapor.ConclusionCurrent data suggest that while e‐cigarettes are generally less harmful than traditional cigarettes, they possess a distinct toxicological profile that is enhanced upon the addition of flavoring(s) and/or nicotine. Future investigations into underexamined subsites, such as the oropharynx and hypopharynx, are needed to comprehensively understand the effects of e‐cigarettes on the upper airway.
Peopled landscapes: Questions of coexistence in invasive plant management and rewilding
Authors: Atchison Jennifer , Pickerill Jenny , Arnold Crystal , Gibbs Leah M. , Gill Nicholas , Hubbard Ella , Lorimer Jamie , Watson Matt 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The concept of ‘peopled landscapes’ is based on the notion that it is not possible, nor socially or politically desirable, to remove people from the environment in the era of the Anthropocene. As such, it is necessary to document and develop ways to coexist and flourish.

This review examines emergent scholarship about peopled landscapes and biodiversity conservation by considering invasive plant management and rewilding as social processes. While invasive plant management and rewilding are often understood as separate, thinking through social scientific research and examples from Australia and the UK, we demonstrate how both forms of human action in landscapes can be more usefully understood as social relations with nature involving social change and social action.

Drawing attention to agency, practices and capacity, we show how diverse forms of human and nonhuman actions are recognised, attributed or acknowledged in biodiversity conservation in peopled landscapes.

In practice, centring the idea of peopled landscapes (rather than conceiving of the environment as where the impact of people is minimised) shows how invasive plant management and rewilding can be understood as related responses to environmental problems.

Flourishing and coexistence in peopled landscapes require recognition of the diverse human and nonhuman agencies that shape the politics of acceptable action, and illustrate the inseparability of environmental and social justice.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene‐based composites for the manufacture of anthropomorphic simulators
Authors: Thomazi Eduardo , Roman Celso , Vanni Jessica Silvestre , Gamba Thiago O. , Zorzi Janete E. , Perottoni Cláudio A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe development of functional compounds for extrusion applied in the additive manufacturing of anthropomorphic simulators is interesting, as it guarantees the manufacture of a 3D model similar to the patient. These simulators find applications in therapies or laboratory tests involving x‐rays. In order to replicate human conditions in these tests, it is essential to create materials that closely match the properties of human tissue, including the smoothness of soft tissues and the hardness of the bone tissue. This study developed ceramic‐polymeric composites, where the tomography intensity of each mixture was measured experimentally. Combinations of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) with zirconium oxide and basic bismuth carbonate allowed imitation of bone tissue. The samples containing zirconium oxide and basic bismuth carbonate presented results that exceeded the minimum limit and reached a value close to 2000 Hounsfield units (HU) with 12% basic bismuth carbonate content. Combinations of ABS with hydroxyapatite and aluminum oxide can imitate soft tissues. The use of a surfactant facilitated the mixing of ceramic filler with polymer. Finally, 3D printing of a physical model was performed using a dual extruder printer, allowing simultaneous printing of bone and soft tissue components.Highlights
Material mimicking x‐ray attenuation similar to bone tissue.
Relation between 3D printing porosity and intensity in Hounsfield unit.
Computed tomography tests on a 3D printed anthropomorphic phantom.
Creating a 3D model from a Computed Tomography scan.
Double extruder for 3D printing of two tissue simultaneously.
Thermal and mechanical properties of aminolyzed‐poly(lactic acid) with amine‐terminated dendritic polymer: Surface and bulk functionalization
Authors: Shakoorjavan Sima , Dobrzyńska‐Mizera Monika , Akbari Somaye , Sterzyński Tomasz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study details the effect of surface and bulk functionalization of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with an amine‐terminated dendritic polymer, poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM), on the thermal and mechanical properties of PLA‐based formulations. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of –NH2 groups derived from PAMAM, through emerging new peaks at around 1650 cm−1 associated with –NH bending vibration and separate double peak between 3705 and 3110 cm−1 associated with stretching vibration of –NH amide groups, in both surface and bulk functionalized PLA samples. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements revealed a lowering of cold‐crystallization temperature (Tcc) for both surface and bulk functionalized PLA, suggesting that PAMAM served as a nucleating agent. According to thermogravimetric results (TGA), bulk treatment deteriorated the thermal stability of the polymer; while surface modification did not influence the decomposition pathway. Mechanical test results revealed that PAMAM greatly influenced the stiffens and ductility of the composites, with more pronounced changes for higher aminolysis rates. Therefore, the 3‐h PAMAM surface functionalization of PLA limits its affinity to solvents' content and enhances crystallization upon permissible deterioration in mechanical properties.Highlights
Development of aminolyzed‐PLA by surface and bulk modification with PAMAM dendritic polymer.
PAMAM as a nucleating agent for PLA.
Surface modification as the favorable condition to introduce NH2 groups to PLA.
Machine learning models to evaluate mortality in pediatric patients with pneumonia in the intensive care unit
Authors: Lin Siang‐Rong , Wu Jeng‐Hung , Liu Yun‐Chung , Chiu Pei‐Hsin , Chang Tu‐Hsuan , Wu En‐Ting , Chou Chia‐Ching , Chang Luan‐Yin , Lai Fei‐Pei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to predict mortality in children with pneumonia who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) to aid decision‐making.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study conducted at a single tertiary hospital.PatientsThis study included children who were admitted to the pediatric ICU at the National Taiwan University Hospital between 2010 and 2019 due to pneumonia.MethodologyTwo prediction models were developed using tree‐structured machine learning algorithms. The primary outcomes were ICU mortality and 24‐h ICU mortality. A total of 33 features, including demographics, underlying diseases, vital signs, and laboratory data, were collected from the electronic health records. The machine learning models were constructed using the development data set, and performance matrices were computed using the holdout test data set.ResultsA total of 1231 ICU admissions of children with pneumonia were included in the final cohort. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) of the ICU mortality model and 24‐h ICU mortality models was 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69–0.91) and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.86–0.92), respectively. Based on feature importance, the model developed in this study tended to predict increased mortality for the subsequent 24 h if a reduction in the blood pressure, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2), or higher partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) were observed.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that the machine learning models for predicting ICU mortality and 24‐h ICU mortality in children with pneumonia have the potential to support decision‐making, especially in resource‐limited settings.
Fibrotic lung diseases in children
Authors: Sunman Birce , Kiper Nural 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn children, pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is an extremely unusual entity that can be observed in some types of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Defining whether ILD is accompanied by PF is important for targeted therapy. Algorithm for the diagnosis of PF in children is not clearly established. Besides, the clinical, radiological, and histological definitions commonly used to diagnose particularly the cases of idiopathic PF in adult patients, is not applicable to pediatric cases. However, a few studies conducted in children offer good exemplary diagnostic approach to fibrosing ILD. Thorax high resonance computed tomography and/or lung biopsy scanning can provide valuable information about PF. Another issue that has not been clearly established is when to start antifibrotic treatment in pediatric patients with PF. The objective of this current review is to provide a comprehensive overview of pediatric PF by drawing upon adult research, particularly focusing on the areas of uncertainty.
Impulse oscillometry bronchodilator response in preschool children
Authors: Meoli Aniello , Trischler Jordis , Hutter Martin , Dressler Melanie , Esposito Susanna , Blümchen Katharina , Zielen Stefan , Schulze Johannes 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn preschoolers, performing an acceptable spirometry and measuring bronchodilator response (BDR) is challenging; in this context, impulse oscillometry (IOS) represents a valid alternative. However, more studies on the standardization of BDR for IOS in young children are required.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to identify optimal thresholds to define a positive BDR test with IOS in preschoolers with suspected asthma.MethodsChildren aged 3–6 years with suspected asthma and their lung function investigated with both IOS and spirometry pre‐ and post‐BDR were retrospectively analyzed. The spirometric BDR was defined as positive when the change of FEV1 was ≥12% or ≥200 mL. The oscillometric BDR was defined as positive in case of change of at least −40% in R5, +50% in X5, and −80% in AX.ResultsAmong 72 patients, 36 (age 5.2 ± 1 years; 64% boys) were selected for the subsequent analysis according to ATS/ERS quality criteria of measurements; specifically, 19 patients did not meet IOS and 36 did not meet spirometry criteria. The spirometric BDR was found positive in seven subjects (19.4%); conversely, a positive oscillometric BDR was identified in four patients (11.1%). No patient presented a positive BDR response with both methods. In IOS, the mean decrease in R5 and AX was 19.9% ± 10% and 44% ± 22.1%, and the mean increase in X5 was 23.3% ± 17.8%, respectively. A decrease in R5 of 25.7% (AUC 0.77, p = .03) and an increase in X5 of 25.7% (AUC 0.75, p = .04) showed the best combination of sensitivity and specificity to detect an increase of FEV1 ≥ 12% and/or ≥200 mL.ConclusionThe IOS represents a valid alternative to spirometry to measure BDR in preschool children and should be the gold standard in this age group. We are considering a decrease of 26% in R5 and an increase of 26% in X5 as diagnostic threshold for BDR.
Nonantibiotic strategies to decrease the postbiopsy hospitalization rates because of infectious complications after transrectal prostate biopsy
Authors: Bostancı Coşkun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the effect of biopsy needle disinfection with 10% formalin solution alone and with povidone‐iodine rectal cleaning on preventing infectious complications requiring hospitalization.MethodsThe data of 902 patients who underwent prostate biopsy by transrectal route were retrospectively analyzed. Inclusion criteria were prophylactic antibiotic use and negative urine culture before the biopsy. Three groups occurred according to the methods used during the biopsy procedure. In Group 1, 501 patients, biopsy needle disinfection was made using 10% formalin solution during the biopsy procedure. Group 2, 164 patients, applied only prophylactic antibiotics. Group 3, 237 patients, applied both 10% formalin disinfection of the biopsy needle and prebiopsy povidone‐iodine rectal cleansing. Hospitalized patients because of infectious complications a month after the biopsy were our outcome measures.ResultsHospitalization rates because of biopsy‐related infectious complications, according to Groups 1, 2, and 3, were 2.7%, 8.5%, and 0%, respectively. The best results were observed in Group 3 and the worst in Group 2.ConclusionsThe two nonantibiotic strategies, biopsy needle disinfection with formalin solution and rectal cleaning with povidone‐iodine, look more effective when applied together. However, further prospective studies are required to confirm our analysis.
Extramural recurrence of tracheal glomus tumour following resection by rigid bronchoscopy
Authors: Takahama Makoto 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGlomus tumour of the trachea is very rare neoplasm that is generally benign and arises most commonly from the distal portion of the respiratory tree. This report presents the case of a 67‐year‐old man who was referred to our institute for excision of a tracheal mass that had been found incidentally, and subsequently recurred extramurally. Initial contrast‐enhanced computed tomography images of the chest revealed a nodular lesion in the trachea, 2.5 cm above the carina, that demonstrated strong enhancement similar to blood vessels. The tumour was excised by rigid bronchoscopy, but an extramural tracheal lesion was detected 18 months later. Tracheal resection and end‐to‐end anastomosis were performed, and histopathological examination confirmed the extramural lesion as recurrence of the tracheal glomus tumour. The histologic features and treatment are discussed.
Recent advances in ruthenium‐catalysed aromatic C−H bond oxygenation, nitrogenation and halogenation
Authors: Singh Keisham S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe transition metal‐catalysed C−H bond functionalization has emerged as a powerful tool for accessing numerous organic compounds in greener manner with step and atom economy. Remarkable progress has been made in the metal‐catalysed C−H bond functionalization during the past decades and the trend is continuing as new reactions are being added. In the transition metal‐catalysed C−H bond functionalization, a growing attention has been paid on ruthenium, particularly, the stable ruthenium(II) as it allows several C−H bond functionalization reactions to perform in water with high selectivity. The ruthenium‐catalysed C−H bond functionalization reactions, such as arylation, alkenylation, annulation, cyanation, amination and silylation just to mention some have been well documented in numerous published papers, book chapters and review articles. However, as ruthenium‐catalysed C−H functionalization has been growing rapidly, a comprehensive review is necessary from time to time to highlight the progress made in this ever expanding field. In view of this, the manuscript presents the ruthenium‐catalysed direct C−O, C−N and C‐halogen bond forming reactions involving aromatic C−H bond covering oxygenation, amination, amidation, imidation, nitration and halogenation reported from 2012 to 2022.
A Facile Route Preparation of Fe3O4/MWCNT/ZnO/PANI Nanocomposite and its Characterization for Enhanced Microwave Absorption Properties
Authors: Prima Hardianto Yuda , Nur Iman Ryan , Hidayat Arif , Mufti Nandang , HIdayat Nurul , Sunaryono Sunaryono , Amrillah Tahta , Ari Adi Wisnu , Taufiq Ahmad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith increasing concerns regarding the potential health risks associated with microwave‐based technology, researchers have been actively investigating materials with impressive microwave absorption properties. In this study, a synthesis and investigation of a nanocomposite, named Fe3O4/MWCNT/ZnO/PANI, consisting of magnetite (Fe3O4), multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), zinc oxide (ZnO), and polyaniline (PANI) as a microwave‐absorbing material, was carried out for the first time. The nanocomposite was prepared through a simple physical mixing approach and demonstrated tunable microwave absorption, making it highly suitable for shielding applications. Structural analysis techniques, including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (SEM‐EDAX), confirmed the presence of all components in the nanocomposite. Moreover, ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV‐Vis) further verified the formation of nanocomposite components and revealed an adjustable optical bandgap ranging from 2.86 to 3.34 eV. Impressively, the nanocomposite exhibited promising microwave absorption properties, with a minimum reflection loss (RL) of −32.66 dB for the nanocomposite containing 37.50 % PANI by weight, and a maximum electromagnetic bandwidth (EB) of 2.26 GHz for the nanocomposite containing 44.44 % PANI by weight, indicating its potential as an effective shielding material. Furthermore, a modified theory combining transmission line, Landau‐Lifshits, and Drude‐Lorentz theories was introduced to extract complex relative permittivity and permeability, providing insights into the role of polyaniline in enhancing the microwave absorption properties of the nanocomposite as measured by reflection loss (RL).