bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncovering the spin ordering in magic-angle graphene via edge state equilibration
Authors: Hoke Jesse , Li Yifan , May-Mann Julian , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Bradlyn Barry , Hughes Taylor , Feldman Benjamin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Determining the symmetry breaking order of correlated quantum phases is essential for understanding the microscopic interactions in their host systems. The flat bands in magic angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) provide an especially rich arena to investigate such interaction-driven ground states, and while progress has been made in identifying the correlated insulators and their excitations at commensurate moire filling factors, the spin-valley polarizations of the topological states that emerge at high magnetic field remain unknown. Here we introduce a new technique based on twist-decoupled van der Waals layers that enables measurements of their electronic band structure and, by studying the backscattering between counter-propagating edge states, determination of relative spin polarization of the their edge modes. Applying this method to twist-decoupled MATBG and monolayer graphene, we find that the broken-symmetry quantum Hall states that extend from the charge neutrality point in MATBG are spin-unpolarized at even integer filling factors. The measurements also indicate that the correlated Chern insulator emerging from half filling of the flat valence band is spin-unpolarized, but suggest that its conduction band counterpart may be spin-polarized. Our results constrain models of spin-valley ordering in MATBG and establish a versatile approach to study the electronic properties of van der Waals systems.
LARP3, LARP7, and MePCE are Involved in the Early Stage of Human Telomerase RNA Biogenesis
Authors: Tseng Chi-Kang , Kao Tsai-Ling , Chen Yi-Hsuan , Huang Yu-Cheng , Baumann Peter 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Human telomerase assembly is a highly dynamic process. Using biochemical approaches, we found that LARP3 and LARP7/MePCE are involved in the early stage and that their binding to hTR is destabilized when the mature hTR is produced. LARP7 and MePCE knockdown inhibits the conversion of the 3′-extended short (exS) form into mature hTR and the cytoplasmic accumulation of hTR, resulting in telomere shortening. LARP3 plays a negative role in preventing the processing of the 3′-extended long (exL) form and binding of LARP7 and MePCE. Interestingly, the tertiary structure of the exL form prevents LARP3 binding and facilitates hTR biogenesis. Supporting this process, LARP3 at low levels promotes hTR maturation, increases telomerase activity, and elongates telomeres. Our data suggest that LARP3 and LARP7/MePCE mediate the processing of hTR precursors and thus control the production of functional telomerase.
The Effects of GHGs, Aerosols, and Deforestation on the Temperature and Precipitation Patterns of the Mediterranean Climate Region during the 21st Century
Authors: Arif Abderrazak 
Published: October 2023

AbstractClimate change can be caused by various anthropogenic or natural factors that influence atmospheric changes. The direct link between human activity and the environment is represented by the interaction mechanisms between anthropogenic factors such as urbanization, deforestation, hydrological changes, greenhouse gases and aerosols. These interaction mechanisms are assessed by the current state of knowledge in the climate change field. One of these mechanisms is related to greenhouse gases (GHGs), which increase surface level heating and lowers atmospheric temperature in the long term by increasing atmospheric GHG concentration. This heating reduces air density parcel and increases total evaporation to transfer excess heat from surface (latent heat) to atmosphere. Another mechanism is related to anthropogenic aerosols, which have direct and indirect effects on climate change with variable direct radiative forcing depending on the nature, density and composition of the aerosol particles. Anthropogenic sulphate is the main element that influences atmospheric conditions through its direct and indirect effects, which delay global warming by increasing the albedo and the lifetime of clouds formed by water droplets. A third mechanism is related to deforestation, which affects the environment according to the results of climate models based on deforestation scenarios. Deforestation alters the heat exchange between the oceans (relatively warm) and the atmosphere (relatively cold), generating a sensible heat flux (warming) that influences neighbouring regions. Deforestation also lowers surface temperature by changing coniferous vegetation to tundra and desert, causing a cooling of up to -4°C in North America and − 6°C in Siberia. In Europe, deforestation scenarios show a decrease in surface temperature of -2°C to -3°C in spring and − 1°C in summer in northern mid-latitudes, mainly due to the delayed melting of spring snow.
Perceptions Towards Practicability of Humanitarian Principles for Emergency Cases in Ethiopia: Case of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital
Authors: Mengistu Habtamu Solomon , Negash Bezawit , Sebsibie Gashaw , Bahiru Biniam 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Emergencies and disasters often result in significant impacts on people’s health, including the loss of many lives. The humanitarian principles provide the governing rules for humanitarian action in situations of crisis, whether triggered by armed conflicts or natural hazards. The objective of the study was to assess Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital staff and client perception of the practicality of the four humanitarian principles in its healthcare settings in serving clients with emergency cases and actual challenges that they face during emergency condition responses.
Methodology:
The study intended to collect data with structured questionnaires from a total of 209 individuals in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. The participants were selected randomly based on, their willingness. Of the 209 participants, 105 included staff and the rest 104 included clients (patients and caregivers in the emergency room) of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 23.
Results
The descriptive analysis shows that principles of humanity are practiced better with (mean = 3.5) and principles of impartiality are practiced less with (mean = 3.2) as to the perception of the participants. Correlational analysis was used to examine the relationship between the ages, profession, gender, status, work experience, and familiarity with humanitarian principles, and the results indicated a non-significant correlation between variables, r (209) = 0.01 (2 tailored), “p = ns”. This suggests that despite familiarity with humanitarian principles or other independent variables does not affect the applicability of humanitarian principles in healthcare settings.
Conclusion
From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the state of being a staff (health care practitioners and those providing ancillary services) and client of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital has nothing to do with developing a certain perception towards the practicability of the four humanitarian principles (humanity, impartiality, neutrality, and independence).
Analysis and automated classification of images of blood cells to diagnose acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Curtidor Airam , Kussul Ernst , Baydyk Tetyana , Mammadova Masuma 
Published: October 2023

Analysis of white blood cells from blood can help to detect Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, a potentially fatal blood cancer if left untreated. The morphological analysis of blood cells images is typically performed manually by an expert; however, this method has numerous drawbacks, including slow analysis, low precision, and the results depend on the operator’s skill. We have developed and present here an automated method for the identification and classification of white blood cells using microscopic images of peripheral blood smears. Once the image has been obtained, we propose describing it using brightness, contrast, and micro-contour orientation histograms. Each of these descriptions provides a coding of the image, which in turn provides n parameters. The extracted characteristics are presented to an encoder’s input. The encoder generates a high-dimensional binary output vector, which is presented to the input of the neural classifier. This paper presents the performance of one classifier, the Random Threshold Classifier. The classifier’s output is the recognized class, which is either a healthy cell or an Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-affected cell. As shown below, the proposed neural Random Threshold Classifier achieved a recognition rate of 98.3 % when the data has partitioned on 80 % training set and 20 % testing set for. Our system of image recognition is evaluated using the public dataset of peripheral blood samples from Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Image Database. It is important to mention that our system could be implemented as a computational tool for detection of other diseases, where blood cells undergo alterations, such as Covid-19
A simple method for harvesting thermoelectric energy in home and industrial appliances heat cycle using peltier cells
Authors: Botero-Valencia Juan , Sanin-Villa Daniel , Valencia-Aguirre Juliana 
Published: October 2023

Energy harvesting models are the focus of most countries, given that governments are becoming aware of the limitations of natural resources and the need to optimize them. On the other hand, different systems used in everyday life and in industrial environments involve the use of heat cycles, but in most cases, their thermoelectric energy is not recovered from these processes. Accordingly, this paper proposes to implement a model based on a low-cost Peltier array that can be attached to commonly used devices with heat cycles involving small temperature differences (∆T=25 °C). A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method was used to extract the maximum power from this array. This device is thought to take advantage of home and industrial elements’ heat to power low-power system applications. The results show that this technology allows acceptable use and represents an effective recovery mechanism. This work represents a new approximation of the energy harvesting solutions from thermoelectric energy with future benefits, especially on the Internet of Things (IoT) applications, which has been one of the technology areas of most significant expansion and growth in recent decades. The IoT has opened significant challenges in the scientific community, especially regarding the energy supply methods of the IoT elements or nodes, considering that these elements can be located in places where it is impossible to wire to supply power and that use of batteries is unsustainable in the long term, also generating a negative environmental impact. The proposed system harvests energy from the temperature difference generated at a window, considering that the device is controlled environment within a room
Energy losses study in solar hybrid gas turbine in Colombia
Authors: Moreno-Gamboa Faustino , Guerrero-Gomez Gustavo , Caicedo-Rolon Alvaro Jr 
Published: October 2023

Due to decrease of oil reserves, the international commitment for the reduction of pollutant emissions and environmental protection, renewable energy sources are intensively studied, including solar energy applications. However, solar energy is not constant and one possible alternative are solar hybrid thermosolar power plants. A hybrid solar gas turbine has three subsystems: a solar concentrator with heliostat field and central tower receiver, a combustion chamber, and a regenerative gas turbine. A previous thermodynamic analysis allowed shows an energy and exergy study of the plant, from a thermodynamic model of the system that has a method of solar resource estimation. However, this analysis did not allow evaluation of the energy losses in the system components, although the original model considered the typical irreversibilities of these cycles. This work aimed to develop a thermodynamic model that estimates the energy losses in the subsystems and the solar hybrid gas turbine components from a few parameters. The model estimated the energy losses for a Brayton cycle hybrid solar thermal plant throughout the day July 20 in Barranquilla, Colombia. A Dymola compiler in Modelica language was used to evaluate the model, which facilitates the estimation of the results at different times of the day. In this case, the computations were performed hourly throughout the day. In the results, energy losses were 16 % in the solar concentrator when the solar resource was the maximum at noon and close to 1 % in the combustion chamber. Therefore, the hybrid solar Brayton cycle system is technically feasible and reduces fuel consumption. Consequently, it is important to continue developing concentration systems and reduce their energy losses
The proof of Fermat’s last theorem based on the geometric principle
Authors: Gevorkyan Yuriy 
Published: October 2023

This paper provides another proof of Fermat's theorem. As in the previous work, a geometric approach is used, namely: instead of integers a, b, c, a triangle with side lengths a, b, c is considered. To preserve the completeness of the proof of the theorem in this work, the proof is repeated for the cases of right and obtuse triangles. In this case, the Fermat equation ap+bp=cp has no solutions for any natural number p>2 and arbitrary numbers a, b, c. When considering the case when the numbers a, b, c are sides of an acute triangle, it is proven that Fermat’s equation has no solutions for any natural number p>2 and non-zero integer numbers a, b, c. Numbers a=k, b=k+m, c=k+n, where k, m, n are natural numbers that satisfy the inequalities n>m, n<k+m, exhaust all possible variants of natural numbers a, b, c, which are the sides of the triangle. In an acute triangle, the following condition is additionally satisfied:
To study the Fermat equation, an auxiliary function f(k,p)=kp+(k+m)p–(k+n)p, is introduced, which is a polynomial of natural degree p in the variable k. The equation f(k,p)=0 has a single positive root for any natural
A recurrent formula connecting the functions f(k,p+1) and f(k,p) has been proven: f(k,p+1)=kf(k,p)-[n(k+n)p-m(k+m)p]. The proof of the main proposition 2 is based on considering all possible relationships between the assumed integer solution of the equation f(k,p+1)=0 and the number corresponding to this solution
The proof was carried out using the mathematical apparatus of number theory, elements of higher algebra and the foundations of mathematical analysis. These studies are a continuation of the author’s works, in which some special cases of Fermat’s theorem were proved
The Role of LncRNA NEAT1 in Gastric Cancer: Tumor Development and
Potential Therapeutic Target
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wen Yu 
Published: October 2023

Background:
The literature review reveals that NEAT1 is dysregulated in gastric cancer and plays
a critical role in various aspects of tumorigenesis, including cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and chemotherapy
resistance. NEAT1 exerts its functions through interactions with proteins, DNA, and other RNAs,
acting as a scaffold or by modulating chromatin modifications and gene expression. Furthermore, NEAT1 is involved
in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and immune evasion, contributing to the aggressive
behavior of gastric cancer cells. The dysregulation of NEAT1 has been reported to be associated with
clinicopathological features, prognosis, and therapeutic response in gastric cancer patients.

Methods:
A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed from September 2016 to the present using
the keywords “LncRNA NEAT1” and “gastric cancer”. A total of 32 articles were identified. Studies investigating
the regulatory mechanisms of NEAT1 in other tumors were excluded from this review. Additionally, to
provide a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying NEAT1-mediated gastric
cancer development, 27 additional articles were included.

Results:
LncRNA NEAT1 plays a pivotal role in gastric cancer, exerting significant effects on proliferation, invasion,
metastasis, autophagy, apoptosis, drug resistance, and overall survival. The underlying molecular
mechanisms involve miRNA sequestration, protein-protein interactions, transcriptional regulation, DNA
methylation modifications, and activation of canonical signaling pathways. These findings underscore the multifaceted
involvement of lncRNA NEAT1 in the pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance of gastric cancer, providing
valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers.

Conclusion:
LncRNA NEAT1 is intricately involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer through various
molecular mechanisms. Additionally, lncRNA NEAT1 is closely associated with radiotherapy resistance and
adverse prognosis in gastric cancer patients, indicating its potential as a promising independent risk factor for
clinical treatment targeting and prognostic prediction.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of HDAC-ligand Complexes Towards
the Design of New Anticancer Compounds
Authors: Dewaker Varun , Prabhakar Yenamandra S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Quantitative Structure-activity Relationship (QSAR) studies gained a foothold in the
mid-1960s to rationalise the biological activity of medicinally important compounds. Since then,
the advancements in computer hardware and software added many new techniques and areas to
this field of study. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are one such technique in direct drug design
approaches. MD simulations have a special place in drug design studies because they decode
the dynamics of intermolecular interactions between a biological target and its potential ligands/inhibitors.
The trajectories from MD simulations provide different non-bonding interaction parameters
to assess the compatibility of the protein-ligand complex and thereby facilitate the design of
prospective compounds prior to their wet-lab exploration. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a
key role in epigenetics and they are promising drug targets for cancer and various other diseases.
This review attempts to shed some light on the modelling studies of HDAC inhibitors as anticancer
agents. In view of the advantages of MD simulations in direct drug design, this review also
discusses the fragment-based approach in designing new inhibitors of HDAC8 and HDAC2, starting
from the interaction energies of ligand fragments obtained from the MD simulations of respective
protein-ligand complexes. Here, the design of new anticancer compounds from largazole thiol,
trichostatin A, vorinostat, and several other prototype compounds are reviewed. These studies
may stimulate the interest of medicinal chemists in MD simulations as a direct drug design approach
for new drug development.
Innovation and Patenting Activities During COVID-19 and
Advancement of Biochemical and Molecular Diagnosis in the Post-
COVID-19 Era
Authors: Ray Suman Kumar , Mukherjee Sukhes 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic is to escalate globally and acquire new mutations
quickly, so accurate diagnostic technologies play a vital role in controlling and understanding the epidemiology of the disease. A plethora of technologies acquires diagnosis
of individuals and informs clinical management of COVID. Some important biochemical
parameters for COVID diagnosis are the elevation of liver enzymes, creatinine, and nonspecific inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6).
The main progression predictors are lymphopenia, elevated D-dimer, and hyperferritinemia, although it is also necessary to consider LDH, CPK, and troponin in the marker
panel of diagnosis. Owing to the greater sensitivity and accuracy, molecular technologies
such as conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcription (RT)-PCR,
nested PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and xMAP technology
have been extensively used for COVID diagnosis for some time now. To make so many
diagnostics accessible to general people, many techniques may be exploited, including
point of care (POC), also called bedside testing, which is developing as a portable promising tool in pathogen identification. Some other lateral flow assay (LFA)-centered techniques like SHERLOCK, CRISPR-Cas12a (AIOD-CRISPR), and FNCAS9 editor limited
uniform detection assay (FELUDA), etc. have shown auspicious results in the rapid detection of pathogens. More recently, low-cost sequencing and advancements in big data
management have resulted in a slow but steady rise of next-generation sequencing
(NGS)-based approaches for diagnosis that have potential relevance for clinical purposes
and may pave the way toward a better future. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, various
institutions provided free, specialized websites and tools to promote research and access
to critically needed advanced solutions by alleviating research and analysis of data within
a substantial body of scientific and patent literature regarding biochemical and molecular
diagnosis published since January 2020. This circumstance is unquestionably unique and
difficult for anyone using patent information to find pertinent disclosures at a specific
date in a trustworthy manner.
Green Synthetic Methods of Oxazine and Thiazine Scaffolds as Promising
Medicinal Compounds: A Mini-review
Authors: Aljuaid Abdulelah , Allahyani Mamdouh , Alsaiari Ahad Amer , Almehmadi Mazen , Alsharif Abdulaziz , Asif Mohammad 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Medical researchers have paid close attention to the green synthesis of oxazine and thiazine
derivatives since they provided a lead molecule for the creation of numerous possible bioactive
compounds. This review provides more information on green synthesis, which will be very
helpful to researchers in creating the most effective, affordable, and clinically significant thiazine
and oxazine derivatives that are anticipated to have strong pharmacological effects. This has resulted
in the identification of several substances with a wide range of intriguing biological functions.
This article's goal is to examine the numerous green chemical processes used to create oxazine
and thiazine derivatives and their biological activity. We anticipate that researchers interested
in oxazine and thiazine chemicals will find this material to be useful. We anticipate that medicinal
chemists looking for new active medicinal components for drug discovery and advance progress
will find this review of considerable interest.