bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Optical Imaging and Optical Communications Based on High‐Quality Halide Perovskite Photodetectors
Authors: Zheng Daming , Pauporté Thierry 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMetal halide perovskites are widely used in the preparation of photodetectors (PDs) due to their excellent photoelectric properties, tunable band gap, low cost, and rapid processing in solutions. Although 3D perovskite PDs exhibit exceptional performance, their practical applications are limited due to instability issues. Conversely, 2D perovskite PDs are gaining popularity due to their superior environmental stability. To produce efficient and stable perovskite‐based PDs, it is crucial to control the film formation process to achieve high‐quality perovskite films. This paper examines the impacts of perovskite film preparation process and crystallinity on the photoelectric properties of PDs and presents important observations regarding the crystallization and phase dynamics that occur during perovskite film formation. These insights have practical implications on the design and preparation of high‐performance and stable metal halide perovskite photodetectors, particularly in the domains of optical communications and imaging. They offer valuable guidance for next researchers and developers seeking to improve the functionality and marketability of photodetectors using perovskite films.
Hydrogen‐Bonded Liquid Crystal Elastomers Combining Shape Memory Programming and Reversible Actuation
Authors: Guo Hongshuang , Ruoko Tero‐Petri , Zeng Hao , Priimagi Arri 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMaterials that undergo shape morphing in response to external stimuli have numerous applications, e.g., in soft robotics and biomedical devices. Shape memory polymers utilize kinetically trapped states to, typically irreversibly, transfer between a programmed morphed shape and an equilibrium shape. Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), in turn, can undergo reversible actuation in response to several stimuli. This study combines the irreversible and reversible shape morphing processes to obtain LCEs that undergo shape‐programming via the shape memory effect and subsequent reversible actuation of the programmed shape. This is enabled by an LCE crosslinked via dynamic hydrogen bonds that break at high temperatures and reform upon cooling, endowing the shape memory effect, while mild thermal or photothermal stimulation yields the reversible actuation. Through this combination, proof‐of‐concept robotic application scenarios such as grippers that can adjust their shape for grabbing different‐sized objects and crawling robots that can morph their shape to adapt to constrained spaces, are demonstrated. It is anticipated that this work adds new diversity to shape‐programmable soft microrobotics.
High Thermoelectric Power Factors in Plastic/Ductile Bulk SnSe2‐Based Crystals
Authors: Deng Tingting , Gao Zhiqiang , Qiu Pengfei , Zhou Zhengyang , Ming Chen , Liu Zhiping , Li Zhi , Yang Shiqi , Wei Tian‐Ran , Wang Genshui , Chen Lidong , Shi Xun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe recently discovered plastic/ductile inorganic thermoelectric (TE) materials open a new avenue for the fabrication of high‐efficiently flexible TE devices, which can utilize the small temperature difference between human body and environment to generate electricity. However, the maximum power factor (PF) of current plastic/ductile TE materials is usually around or less than 10 µW cm−1 K−2, much lower than the classic brittle TE materials. In this work, a record‐high PF of 18.0 µW cm−1 K−2 at 375 K in plastic/ductile bulk SnSe2‐based crystals is reported, superior to all the plastic inorganic TE materials and flexible organic TE materials reported before. The origin of such high PF is from the modulation of material's stacking forms and polymorph crystal structures via simultaneously doping Cl/Br at Se‐site and intercalating Cu inside the van der Waals gap, leading to the significantly enhanced carrier concentrations and mobilities. An in‐plane fully flexible TE device made of the plastic/ductile SnSe2‐based crystals is successfully developed to show a record‐high normalized maximum power density to 0.18 W m−1 under a temperature difference of 30 K. This work indicates that the plastic/ductile material can realize high TE power factor to achieve large output electric power density in flexible TE technology.
Epitaxial Growth of α‐FAPbI3 at a Well‐Matched Heterointerface for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells and Solar Modules
Authors: Meng Yuanyuan , Wang Yulong , Liu Chang , Yan Pengyu , Sun Kexuan , Wang Yaohua , Tian Ruijia , Cao Ruikun , Zhu Jintao , Do Hainam , Lu Jianfeng , Ge Ziyi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlthough the FAPbI3 perovskite system exhibits an impressive optoelectronic characteristic and thermal stability because of its energetically unstable black phase at room temperature, it is considerably challenging to attain a controllable and oriented nucleation of α‐FAPbI3. To overcome this challenge, a 2D perovskite with a released inorganic octahedral distortion designed by weakening the hydrogen interactions between the organic interlayer and [PbI6]4− octahedron is presented in this study. A highly matched heterointerface can be formed between the (002) facet of the 2D structure and the (100) crystal plane of the cubic α‐FAPbI3, thereby lowering the crystallization energy and inducing a heterogeneous nucleation of α‐FAPbI3. This “epitaxial growth” mechanism results form the highly preferred crystallographic orientation of the (100) facets, improved crystal quality and film uniformity, substantially increased charge transporting characteristics, and suppressed nonradiative recombination losses. An impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.4% (certified 25.2%) is achieved using target PSCs, which demonstrates outstanding ambient and operational stability. The feasibility of this strategy is proved for the scalable deposition of homogeneous and high‐quality perovskite thin films by demonstrating the remarkably increased PCE of the large‐area perovskite solar module, from 18.2% to 20.1%.
A Multifunctional Amino Acid Enables Direct Recycling of Spent LiFePO4 Cathode Material
Authors: Tang Di , Ji Guanjun , Wang Junxiong , Liang Zheng , Chen Wen , Ji Haocheng , Ma Jun , Liu Song , Zhuang Zhaofeng , Zhou Guangmin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP) batteries are extensively used in electric vehicles and energy storage due to their good cycling stability and safety. However, the finite service life of lithium‐ion batteries leads to significant amounts of retired LFP batteries, urgently required to be recycled by environmentally friendly and effective methods. Here, a direct regeneration strategy using natural and low‐cost L‐threonine as a multifunctional reductant is proposed. The hydroxyl groups and amino groups in L‐threonine act as electron donors and nitrogen sources, respectively. The reductive environment created by L‐threonine not only aids in converting the degraded FePO4 phase back to a single LFP phase but also facilitates the elimination of detrimental Li–Fe anti‐site defects; thus, reconstructing fast Li+ diffusion channels. Meanwhile, N atoms derived from amino groups are able to dope into carbon layers, generating more active sites and enhancing the conductive properties of LFP particles. The regenerated LFP shows great electrochemical performance with a discharge capacity of 147.9 mAh g−1 at 1 C and a capacity retention of 86% after 500 cycles at 5 C. Further, this approach is also feasible for LFP black mass sourced from practical industrial dismantling lines, providing considerable prospects for the large‐scale recycling of LFP batteries.
Nonreciprocal Heat Circulation Metadevices
Authors: Ju Ran , Cao Pei‐Chao , Wang Dong , Qi Minghong , Xu Liujun , Yang Shuihua , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Chen Hongsheng , Li Ying 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThermal nonreciprocity typically stems from nonlinearity or spatiotemporal variation of parameters. However, constrained by the inherent temperature‐dependent properties and the law of mass conservation, previous works have been compelled to treat dynamic and steady‐state cases separately. Here, by establishing a unified thermal scattering theory, the creation of a convection‐based thermal metadevice which supports both dynamic and steady‐state nonreciprocal heat circulation is reported. The nontrivial dependence between the nonreciprocal resonance peaks and the dynamic parameters is observed and the unique nonreciprocal mechanism of multiple scattering is revealed at steady state. This mechanism enables thermal nonreciprocity in the initially quasi‐symmetric scattering matrix of the three‐port metadevice and has been experimentally validated with a significant isolation ratio of heat fluxes. The findings establish a framework for thermal nonreciprocity that can be smoothly modulated for dynamic and steady‐state heat signals, it may also offer insight into other heat‐transfer‐related problems or even other fields such as acoustics and mechanics.
Designing Layered 2D Skyrmion Lattices in Moiré Magnetic Heterostructures
Authors: Jabakhanji Bilal , Ghader Doried 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSkyrmions are promising for the next generation of spintronic and magnonic devices, but their zero‐field stability and controlled nucleation through chiral interactions remain challenging. In this theoretical study, the potential of moiré magnetic heterostructures to generate ordered skyrmion lattices from the stacking‐dependent magnetism in 2D magnets is explored. Heterostructures formed by twisting ultrathin CrBr3 films on top of CrI3 substrates are considered, assuming a moderate interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. At large moiré periodicity and appropriate substrate thickness, a moiré skyrmion lattice emerges in the interfacial CrBr3 layer due to the weaker exchange interactions in CrBr3 compared to CrI3. This lattice is then projected to the remaining layers of the CrBr3 film via chiral interlayer exchange fields. By varying the pristine stacking configurations within the ultrathin CrBr3 film, layered ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic skyrmion lattices without the need for a permanent magnetic field are realized. These findings suggest the possibility of creating ordered skyrmion lattices in moiré magnetic heterostructures, enabling further exploration of their fundamental properties and technological relevance.
Designer SiO2 Metasurfaces for Efficient Passive Radiative Cooling
Authors: Ding Zhenmin , Li Honglin , Li Xin , Fan Xueying , Jaramillo‐Fernandez Juliana , Pattelli Lorenzo , Zhao Jiupeng , Niu Shichao , Li Yao , Xu Hongbo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn recent years, an increasing number of passive radiative cooling materials are proposed in the literature, with several examples relying on the use of silica (SiO2) due to its unique stability, non‐toxicity, and availability. Nonetheless, due to its bulk phonon‐polariton band, SiO2 presents a marked reflection peak within the atmospheric transparency window (8‐13 µm), leading to an emissivity decrease that poses a challenge to fulfilling the criteria for sub‐ambient passive radiative cooling. Thus, the latest developments in this field are devoted to the design of engineered SiO2 photonic structures, to increase the cooling potential of bulk SiO2 radiative coolers. This review seeks to identify the most effective photonic design and fabrication strategies for SiO2 radiative emitters by evaluating their cooling efficacy, as well as their scalability, providing an in‐depth analysis of the fundamental principles, structural models, and results (both numerical and experimental) of various types of SiO2 radiative coolers.
Tailored Near‐Infrared Luminescent Materials with Fast Reverse Intersystem Crossing for Efficient Deep‐Red/Near‐Infrared Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with High Efficiencies and Small Roll‐Offs
Authors: Jiang Ruming , Liu Zhangshan , Yang Tao , Yang Dezhi , Ma Dongge , Tang Ben Zhong , Zhao Zujin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRobust organic luminescent materials radiating deep‐red/near‐infrared (DR/NIR) light are highly desired in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, most reported DR/NIR materials show only moderate electroluminescence (EL) efficiencies accompanied by rock‐ribbed efficiency roll‐offs, which immensely limit their practical use in OLEDs. In this work, two tailor‐made NIR luminescent materials with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) property are developed based on rigid and strong electron‐accepting core of 2,7‐bis(4‐cyanophenyl)dibenzo[a,c]phenazine‐11,12‐dicarbonitrile and electron donors of triphenylamine or N,N‐di([1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)phenylamine. They exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yields, fast reverse intersystem crossing processes and large horizontal dipole ratios. Their nondoped OLEDs show NIR lights with maximum external quantum efficiencies (ηext,maxS) of 0.59% at 856 nm and 1.14% at 850 nm. And their doped OLEDs radiate DR to NIR lights (646–737 nm) and attain superb ηext,maxs of up to 30.3% at 646 nm with small efficiency roll‐offs. The state‐of‐the‐art EL performances of both NIR TADF materials demonstrate their high potential as emitters in OLEDs and the insights gained in this work will enlighten the further development of efficient NIR luminescent materials.
Elucidating The Horizontal Orientation Mechanism of Emissive Transition Dipole Moment in A Series of Stick‐Like Delayed Fluorescent Emitters for Ultra‐High‐Efficiency OLEDs
Authors: Yoshida Naoto , Sasabe Hisahiro , Arai Hiroki , Sagae Yuki , Yagi Yuro , Hoshi Keigo , Yokoyama Daisuke , Kido Junji 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe horizontal orientation of the emissive transition dipole moment (TDM) of emissive molecules is a crucial factor in improving the efficiency of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, the mechanism of this horizontal orientation remains unclear. Herein, to elucidate the horizontal orientation mechanism of the TDM of the molecules in thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters, the relationship between the horizontal orientation ratio (Θ) of the TDM and the key parameters of stick‐like TADF emitters dispersed in carbazole‐based host materials is systematically and quantitatively investigated. The introduction of functional groups containing weak CH/n (n = O, N) hydrogen bonds into the host material is found to significantly increase the Θ values up to 30%. The physical parameters of the dispersed emitter exhibit a strong relationship with the Θ values, with the following influence order: glass transition temperature (Tg) ≥ total surface area of the largest π‐plane and the corresponding parallel π‐plane > molecular weight > aspect ratio > permanent dipole moment. The Tg value of the host material is another key parameter determining the Θ values. By using a P=O‐based host material, namely mCP2PO, a high PLQY of 97%, a high Θ value of 88%, and a sky‐blue OLED with an EQE of 37.6% are simultaneously realized.
Advances in Printed Electronic Textiles
Authors: Islam Md Rashedul , Afroj Shaila , Yin Junyi , Novoselov Kostya S. , Chen Jun , Karim Nazmul 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElectronic textiles (e‐textiles) have emerged as a revolutionary solution for personalized healthcare, enabling the continuous collection and communication of diverse physiological parameters when seamlessly integrated with the human body. Among various methods employed to create wearable e‐textiles, printing offers unparalleled flexibility and comfort, seamlessly integrating wearables into garments. This has spurred growing research interest in printed e‐textiles, due to their vast design versatility, material options, fabrication techniques, and wide‐ranging applications. Here, a comprehensive overview of the crucial considerations in fabricating printed e‐textiles is provided, encompassing the selection of conductive materials and substrates, as well as the essential pre‐ and post‐treatments involved. Furthermore, the diverse printing techniques and the specific requirements are discussed, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each method. Additionally, the multitude of wearable applications made possible by printed e‐textiles is explored, such as their integration as various sensors, supercapacitors, and heated garments. Finally, a forward‐looking perspective is provided, discussing future prospects and emerging trends in the realm of printed wearable e‐textiles. As advancements in materials science, printing technologies, and design innovation continue to unfold, the transformative potential of printed e‐textiles in healthcare and beyond is poised to revolutionize the way wearable technology interacts and benefits.
Field‐Free and Energy‐Efficient Switching of a Ferrimagnetic Insulator Through Orbital Currents of Copper
Authors: Bi Lin‐Zhu , Ke Jintao , Bai Hao , Li Guansong , Zhu Zhaozhao , Hu Chaoqun , Cheng Yuanhao , Wang Pengju , Jiang Wanjun , Zhang Ying , Cai Jian‐Wang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElectrically manipulating the magnetization of insulators presents exciting opportunities for fast and energy‐efficient spintronic devices. However, the existing approaches, which rely on spin‐orbit torque (SOT), invariably require an auxiliary field. Here field‐free current‐induced magnetization switching in perpendicularly magnetized Tm3Fe5O12 films is demonstrated. This is achieved through a magnetic hybrid structure, Tm3Fe5O12/Co40Fe40B20/Cu/SiO2, where the Cu layer acts as the source of orbital current, and the in‐plane magnetized Co40Fe40B20 layer functions as the converter of orbital‐to‐spin current. The interplay between the insulating and metallic magnetic layers not only yields a significant anomalous Hall signal for monitoring the Tm3Fe5O12 magnetization states, but also enables field‐free switching that is immune to the magnetic history of the structure. It also observes similar Tm3Fe5O12 switching in stacks with different spin/orbital current sources, with the SOT‐driven switching consuming substantially more power. This work establishes a pathway for achieving energetically efficient all‐electrical manipulation of insulator spins through orbital currents.
Zinc‐Mediated Radiosynthesis of Unprotected Fluorine‐18 Labelled α‐Tertiary Amides
Authors: Wright Jay S. , Ma Richard , Webb E. William , Winton Wade P. , Stauff Jenelle , Cheng Kevin , Brooks Allen F. , Sanford Melanie S. , Scott Peter J. H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis report describes the development of a Zn(OTf)2‐mediated method for converting α‐tertiary haloamides to the corresponding fluorine‐18 labelled α‐tertiary fluoroamides with no‐carrier‐added [18F]tetramethylammonium fluoride. 1,5,7‐Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene is an essential additive for achieving high radiochemical conversion. Under the optimised conditions, radiofluorination proceeds at sterically hindered tertiary sites in high radiochemical conversions, yields, and purities. This method has been successfully automated and applied to access >200 mCi (>7.4 GBq) of several model radiofluorides. Mechanistic studies led to the development of a new, nucleophilic C−H radiofluorination process using N‐sulphonyloxyamide substrates.
Metal‐Free B−B Dehydrocoupling Reaction of a Simple Borane Adduct: Convenient Access to a Nucleophilic Diborane(4)
Authors: Kistner Lucas , Sigmund Lukas Maximilian , Grieser Fabian Frank , Krauß Julian , Leingang Simone , Kaifer Elisabeth , Greb Lutz , Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe selective formation of homonuclear bonds is of key importance in synthetic chemistry. Especially, dehydrocoupling reactions are attractive as ecologically and economically friendly alternatives to established reductive bond forming reactions, since they do not require the use of stoichiometric amounts of a reducing reagent and produce only valuable dihydrogen as by‐product. Here, we report on a metal‐free B−B dehydrocoupling reaction that starts directly from a simple, easily accessible BH3 adduct, providing convenient access to a new nucleophilic dihydridodiborane in excellent yield. The dihydridodiborane in turn activates dihydrogen, allowing to obtain quantitatively the dideuteridodiborane from the dihydridodiborane by D2 activation. On the basis of detailed quantum‐chemical calculations, the mechanism of this unprecedented reaction is elucidated. Some key points that are essential for metal‐free dehydrocoupling are disclosed, paving the way for their systematic evaluation and application.
Clinical Issues — December 2023
Authors: Wood Amber 
Published: November 2023

THIS MONTH
Head lice
Key words: lice, nit, hair, infestation, transmission.
Patients with iodine and chlorhexidine allergies
Key words: antiseptic, skin preparation, alcohol, chloroxylenol, soap.
Storing sterile and unsterile supplies together
Key words: storage, shelves, event‐related sterility, package integrity, handling.
Using indwelling urinary catheters during general surgery
Key words: indwelling urinary catheter, Michigan Appropriate Perioperative (MAP) criteria, urinary retention, bladder scanner, routine use.
Selective thermal recycling for graphene growth on natural substrates: A comparative study on life cycle assessment, energy consumption, and mechanical performance in recompounding
Authors: Baskan‐Bayrak Havva , Kocanali Atakan , Saner Okan Burcu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractManufacturing of carbon‐based materials from waste thermoplastics is a keystone to reduce adverse environmental impacts. There are numerous attempts for sustainable graphene manufacturing from various waste sources by thermal treatment but there is no clear distinction on the effective conversion process by addressing reliable CO2 footprints. This study provides a comprehensive benchmarking study on the conversion of waste polypropylene plastics coming from yogurt containers into graphene on the substrate of talc by applying two upcycling techniques of catalytic carbonization (CC) and flash pyrolysis (FP) by comparing energy and speed of the processes and a dimensional stability and physical characteristics of the produced graphene substances by adopting a comparative life cycle assessment. FP led to the sphericalization of graphenes due to fast dehydration, cross‐linking, and carbonization of aromatic structures. On the other hand, gradual heating in CC caused the formation of tubular‐like graphene structures. In addition, FP became advantageous by resulting in 52% of CO2 emission compared with CC process. On the other hand, graphenes separated from talcs exhibited a remarkable 70% reduction in global warming potential compared with conventional graphene production from graphite. In order to complete the value chain and circularity, the mechanical performance of two different hybrid additives produced by selective thermal recycling in recompounding with copolymer polypropylene was examined, and additives from CC enhanced the flexural and tensile properties two times better than the one from FP. With this study, it becomes possible to compare analysis of graphene growth on natural substrates by exploring life cycle assessment, energy consumption, and mechanical performance with selective thermal recycling and recompounding.