bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neue Bauteile aus textilbewehrtem Beton
Authors: Hegger Josef , Will Norbert , Schneider Hartwig N. , Kölzer Patrick 
Published: June 2004

AbstractTextilbewehrter Beton bietet trotz aller noch offenen Fragen schon heute ein breites Spektrum von Anwendungen, entweder als Alternative zu herkömmlichen Baustoffen oder aufgrund besserer Eigenschaften für vollständig neue Anwendungen. Im Beitrag werden an ausgewählten Beispielen die praxisnahe Anwendung und die Entwicklung von Anwendungsfeldern aufgezeigt.
Formholzprofile und textilbewehrter Beton
Authors: Haller Peer 
Published: June 2004

AbstractHolz‐Beton‐Verbund‐Decken gehören seit etwa 20 Jahren zum Stand der Technik. Eine Übertragung dieser Materialkombination auf die Stütze wurde bislang nicht in Erwägung gezogen. Hier wird ein patentiertes, geformtes Holzrohr beschrieben, aus dem mit Hilfe textiler Bewehrungen ein neuartiger Verbundquerschnitt hervorgeht. Als Matrices können sowohl synthetische Harze als auch Feinbeton dienen. Die Bildung des Querschnittes geht von einem Materialverständnis aus, das Holz als unter Wärme und Feuchtigkeit leicht zu formenden zellulären Körper betrachtet.
Retention of small charged impurities during ultrafiltration
Authors: Shao Jiahui , Zydney Andrew L. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractUltrafiltration is used to remove small impurities from a variety of processing streams. However, the clearance of small charged impurities may be inadequate due to electrostatic exclusion by the charged ultrafiltration membranes, an effect that has been largely unappreciated. Ultrafiltration experiments were performed to evaluate the transmission of several model impurities with different electrical charge through ultrafiltration membranes having different surface charge characteristics. Highly charged impurities are strongly rejected by charged cellulose and polyethersulfone membranes even though these solutes are much smaller than the membrane pore size. These effects could be eliminated by using high ionic strength solutions to shield the electrostatic interactions. The sieving data are in good agreement with model calculations based on the partitioning of charged spheres into charged cylindrical pores. Guidelines are developed for estimating conditions needed to obtain effective removal of small charged impurities through charged ultrafiltration membranes. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Performance of a substratum‐irradiated photosynthetic biofilm reactor for the removal of sulfide from wastewater
Authors: Hurse Timothy J. , Keller Jurg 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe performance of a sulfide‐removal system based on biofilms dominated by green sulfur bacteria (GSB) has been investigated. The system was supplied with radiant energy in the band 720–780 nm, and fed with a synthetic wastewater. The areal net sulfide removal rate and the efficacy of the incident radiant energy for sulfide removal have been characterized over ranges of bulk sulfide concentration (1.6–11.5 mg L−1) and incident irradiance (0.21–1.51 W m−2). The areal net sulfide removal rate increased monotonically with both increasing incident irradiance and increasing bulk sulfide concentration. The efficacy of the radiant energy for sulfide removal (the amount of sulfide removed per unit energy supplied) also increased monotonically with rising bulk sulfide concentration, but exhibited a maximum value with respect to incident irradiance. The maximum observed values of this net removal rate and this efficacy were, respectively, 2.08 g m−2 d−1 and 2.04 g W−1 d−1. In‐band dchanges in the spectral composition of the radiant energy affected this efficacy only slightly. The products of sulfide removal were sulfate and elemental‐S. The elemental‐S was scarcely released into the liquid, however, and reasons for this, such as sulfur reduction and polysulfide formation, are considered. Between 1.45 and 3.85 photons were needed for the net removal of one electron from S‐species. Intact samples of the biofilm were characterized by microscopy, and their thicknesses lay between 39 ± 9 and 429 ± 57 μm. The use of the experimentally determined rates and efficacies for the design of a pilot‐scale system is illustrated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metabolic network analysis of lysine producing Corynebacterium glutamicum at a miniaturized scale
Authors: Wittmann Christoph , Kim Hyung Min , Heinzle Elmar 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe present a straightforward approach comprising 13C tracer experiments at 200‐μL volume in 96‐well microtiter plates with on‐line measurement of dissolved oxygen for quantitative high‐throughput metabolic network analysis at a miniaturized scale. This method was successfully applied for cultivation and 13C metabolic flux analysis of two mutants of lysine producing Corynebacterium glutamicum (ATCC 13287 and ATCC 21543). Microtiter‐plate cultivations showed excellent accordance in kinetics and stoichiometry of growth and product formation as well as in intracellular flux distributions as compared with parallel shake‐flask experiments. These cultivations further allowed clear identification of strain‐specific flux differences such as increased flux toward lysine, increased flux through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), decreased flux through the tricarboxylic (TCA) cycle, and increased dihydroxyacetone formation in C. glutamicum ATCC 21543 compared with ATCC 13287. The present approach has strong potential for broad quantitative screening of metabolic network activities, especially those involving high‐cost tracer substrates. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biquinolino‐Modified β‐Cyclodextrin Dimers and Their Metal Complexes as Efficient Fluorescent Sensors for the Molecular Recognition of Steroids
Authors: Liu Yu , Song Yun , Chen Yong , Li Xue‐Qing , Ding Fei , Zhong Rui‐Qin 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA series of bridged β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CyD) dimers possessing functional tethers of various lengths was synthesized in moderate yield by the treatment of 2,2′‐biquinoline‐ 4,4′‐dicarboxylic dichloride with β‐CyD or mono[6‐oligo(ethylenediamino)‐6‐deoxy]‐β‐CyDs. The products were 2,2′‐biquinoline‐4,4′‐dicarboxy‐bridged bis(6‐O‐β‐CyD) (8), N,N′‐bis(2‐aminoethyl)‐2,2′‐biquinoline‐4,4′‐dicarboxamide‐bridged bis(6‐amino‐6‐deoxy‐β‐CyD) (9), and N,N′‐bis(5‐amino‐3‐azapentyl)‐2,2′‐biquinoline‐4,4′‐dicarboxamide‐bridged bis(6‐amino‐6‐deoxy‐β‐CyD) (10). The reaction of 8–10 with copper perchlorate give their copper(II) complexes 11–13 in satisfactory yields of over 77 %. All the bis(β‐CyD)s 8–13 act as efficient fluorescent sensors and display remarkable fluorescence enhancement upon addition of optically inert steroids. The inclusion complexation behaviors of 8–13 when treated with the representative steroids cholate (14), deoxycholate (15), and glycocholate (16) in aqueous solution at 25 °C were investigated by means of UV/Vis spectroscopy, conductivity and fluorescence measurements, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The tether length of bis(β‐CyD) 9 allows it to adopt a cooperative host–tether–guest binding mode in which the spacer and guest are co‐included in the two CyD cavities. As a result of this cooperation, 9 has a stability constant (Ks) about 2×102 times higher than that of monomodified β‐CyD 4 for inclusion complexation with cholate. Metallooligo(β‐CyD)s with four β‐CyD units have enhanced binding abilities compared with monomodified β‐CyDs. These metallo compounds have binding affinities for guest steroids that are up to 50–4.1×103 times higher than those of CyDs 2–4. The guest‐induced fluorescence enhancement of bis(CyD)s opens a new channel for the design of sensor materials. The complex stability constants of these compounds are discussed from the viewpoint of induced‐fit interaction and cooperative multiple binding between host and guest.
Thermodynamic Stability of Hydrogen‐Bonded Nanostructures: A Calorimetric Study
Authors: ten Cate Mattijs G. J. , Huskens Jurriaan , Crego‐Calama Mercedes , Reinhoudt David N. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe self‐assembly of hydrogen‐bonded aggregates (rosettes) in solvent mixtures of different polarity has been studied by calorimetry. The C50 parameter, the concentration when 50 % of the components are incorporated in the assembly, is used to compare assemblies with different stoichiometry. C50 for the single rosette 13⋅(BuCYA)3 (1=N,N‐di(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)melamine; BuCYA=n‐butylcyanuric acid) in 1,2‐dichloroethane is 25 μM, whereas for double rosettes 2 a3⋅(BuCYA)6 and 2 b3⋅(BuCYA) (2=calix[4]arene–dimelamine) it is 0.7 and 7.1 μM, respectively. ΔG°, ΔH°, and TΔS° values indicate that the thermodynamics of double rosettes reflect the independent assembly of two individual single rosette structures or two rosettes reinforced by additional stabilizing interactions. In more polar solvents the stability of double rosettes decreases. From the correlation of ΔG° with solvent polarity it is predicted that it should be possible to assemble double rosettes in methanol or water. The assembly of 2 b3⋅(BuCYA)6 in 100 % MeOH was proven by 1H NMR and CD spectroscopy.
Behaviour of [PdH(dppe)2]X (X=CF3SO3−, SbF6−, BF4−) as Proton or Hydride Donor: Relevance to Catalysis
Authors: Aresta Michele , Dibenedetto Angela , Pápai Imre , Schubert Gábor , Macchioni Alceo , Zuccaccia Daniele 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe synthesis, characterization and properties of [PdH(dppe)2]+CF3SO3−⋅0.125 THF (1; dppe=1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane) and its SbF6− (1′) and BF4− (1′′) analogues, the missing members of the [MH(dppe)2]+X− (M=Ni, Pd, Pt) family, are described. The Pd hydrides are not stable in solution and can react as proton or hydride donors with formation of dihydrogen, [Pd(dppe)2]2+ and [Pd(dppe)2]. Complexes 1–1′′ react with carbocations and carbanions by transferring a hydride and a proton, respectively. Such H− or H+ transfer occurs also towards unsaturated compounds, for example, hydrogenation of a CC double bond. Accordingly, 1 can hydrogenate methyl acrylate to methyl propionate. Complex 1′′ is an effective (hourly turnover frequency=16) and very selective (100 %) catalyst for the hydrogenation of cyclohexen‐2‐one to cyclohexanone with dihydrogen under mild conditions. Density functional calculations coupled with a dielectric continuum model were carried out to compute the energetics of the hydride/proton transfer reactions, which were used to rationalize some of the experimental findings. Theory provides strong support for the thermodynamic and kinetic viability of a tetracoordinate Pd complex as an intermediate in the reactions.
Spectral studies of methyl‐p‐hydroxy benzoate: An organic nonlinear optical crystalline material
Authors: Dhanuskodi S. , Manikandan S. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe single crystals of Methyl‐p‐Hydroxy Benzoate (MHB) were grown by solution growth technique and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (single crystal), density, melting point, UV‐Vis, FT‐IR and FT‐Raman techniques. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectra of Cu2+: MHB were recorded and the spin Hamiltonian parameters were evaluated. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crystal growth, thermal and optical studies of L‐histidine tetrafluoroborate: A semiorganic NLO material
Authors: Dhanuskodi S. , Ramajothi J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractL‐histidine tetrafluoroborate (L‐HFB), a semiorganic nonlinear optical (NLO) material has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and FT–NMR spectroscopic studies. Solubility of L‐HFB has been determined in water and ethanol. The single crystals with dimensions 15 x 12 x 3 mm3 were grown by slow evaporation technique under two different pH conditions. The effect of pH on the morphology of the crystals have been studied. The grown crystals of both pH values has been subjected to single crystal X‐ray diffraction to determine the unit cell dimensions and morphology. The thermal stability has been analyzed by TGA and DTA. The microhardness test was carried out in (001) plane and the hardness coefficient was calculated. The birefringence values (Δn) were determined in the wavelength region 5540–6460 Å. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermoelectrical properties of In1‐xGaxAs and InAs crystals irradiated with fast electrons
Authors: Aliyev M. I. , Rashidova Sh. Sh. , Aliyev I. M. , Huseynova M. A. , Jafarova M. A. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe thermoelectric power in In1‐xGaxAs (x = 0,01;0,04) solid solutions and InAs crystals irradiated with fast electrons by the energy of 6 MeV and dose of 1016‐ 2 x 1017 el/cm‐2 on the interval 80‐400 K have been investigated. It is revealed that in the all crystals the value of the thermoelectric power is decreased under irradiation that resulted from the growth of the free electron concentration to form radiation induced defects of the donor type. It has been determined that in the initial InAs after irradiation, the charge carriers scatter on optical phonons and in In1‐xGaxAs solid solutions they do on optical phonons and ionized impurities. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrophysical properties of double‐layer nickel‐base and vanadium‐base films within the intermediate temperature range
Authors: Chornous A. , Protsenko I. , Shpetnyi I. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractPhase composition of the double‐layer Ni‐base and V‐base films obtained and annealed in vacuum of 10‐4–10‐5 Pa within the temperature range of 700–900 K is studied by technique of electronography and transmission electron microscopy. Temperature dependence of resistance and temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) was investigated. Comparison of TCR experimental data with the calculated data was made at T = 300 K on basis of semiclassical and macroscopic models and formula for TCR of alloys. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A study on mixed conducting property of LixV2O5 (x = 0.4–1.4)
Authors: Vijayakumar M. , Selvasekarapandian S. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe mixed conducting nature of the lithium vanadate LixV2O5 (x = 0.4 – 1.4) prepared by solid state reaction has been analyzed by Wagner's polarization method. The increase of electronic conductivity with increase in lithium content has been observed. The low diffusion constant has been observed for lithium ionic motion in high lithium content samples. The conductivity spectra analysis shows the high columbic repulsive forces between mobile lithium ions in high lithium content samples. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Improved approaches to the determination of residual stresses in micro regions with the KOSSEL and the XRT technique
Authors: Bauch J. , Wege St. , Böhling M. , Ullrich H.‐J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA new application of the KOSSEL and the XRT (X‐ray Rotation‐Tilt) technique arises from local residual stress measurements in micro regions. Already in 1996/97, we started to conduct such investigations based on the KOSSEL method. Because of the high lateral resolution residual stresses of the third kind can be determined. Some further evaluation procedures are described. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The crystal structure of α‐SrGaBO4
Authors: Yang Z. , Chen X. L. , Liang J. K. , He M. , Chen J. R. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA new compound α‐SrGaBO4 has been synthesized by solid state reaction at high temperatures, and its structure has been solved by direct methods from powder X‐ray diffraction. α‐SrGaBO4 has an orthorhombic system, Pccn space group, with lattice parameters a = 15.3154(7) Å, b = 8.9186(4) Å, c = 5.8130(3) Å, and Z = 8. The structure consists of infinite chains run parallel to the c axis and built up of GaO4 tetrahedral and BO3 triangles. The basic unit of these chains is a six ‐ membered Ga2BO8 ring formed by two GaO4 tetrahedra and one BO3 triangles. The Sr atom is bonded to eight oxygen atoms. The strontium atoms serve to hold the chains together through co‐ordination with oxygen atoms. DTA curve of noncrystalline glassy SrGaBO4 was discussed. The XRD results show no phase transition occurs between ‐173 °C and 127 °C. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crystal structures of 2‐ chloro cinnamoyl phenolate (I) and 3‐chloro cinnamanilide (II)
Authors: Nilofar Nissa M. , Aravindan P. G. , Kasinath V. , Gopalakrishnan G. , Merazig H. , Velmurugan D. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe title compounds (I) and (II) crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/c and orthorhombic space group Pbca respectively. The inter‐planar angle between the two phenyl rings are 55° in I and 24.5(1)° in II. The molecular packing of the compounds I and II are stabilized by C‐H…O and C‐H…π, and N‐H…O, C‐H…O and C‐H…π interactions, respectively. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Performance characteristics of cascaded delay‐line node architectures in single‐path interconnection networks
Authors: Gazi B. , Ghassemlooy Z. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractInternally buffered multistage interconnection network architectures have been widely used in parallel computer systems and large switching fabrics. Migration from electrical domain to optical domain has raised the necessity of developing node architectures with optical buffers. Cascaded fibre delay line architectures can be seen as possible realizations of output and shared buffering in a 2 × 2‐switching element. These approaches can be used as buffered node architecture in a Banyan like interconnect.In this paper, we investigate and compare these approaches by using simulation methods. Different performance metrics, such as normalized throughput, average packet delay, packet loss rate and buffer utilization have been used under uniform and non‐uniform traffic models. Results show that the TC‐chain node Banyan network offer an improved normalized throughput and average packet delay performances under both traffic models without disrupting first‐in‐first‐out order of arrivals. The switched delay‐line requires fewer switching elements than TC and TTC architectures but at the cost of high packet delay. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of zebrafish six1 during sensory organ development and myogenesis
Authors: Bessarab Dmitri A. , Chong Shang‐Wei , Korzh Vladimir 
Published: June 2004

AbstractDrosophila sine oculis homologous genes in vertebrates are homeobox‐containing transcription factors functioning within the Pax‐Six‐Eya‐Dach regulatory network during development. In this study, we describe the cloning and expression of a zebrafish homolog of sine oculis, six1. The reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction demonstrated accumulation of six1 transcripts at mid‐gastrula, and in situ hybridization showed their subsequent expression in the cranial placode and later in the olfactory, otic, and lateral line placodes, inner ear, and neuromasts. In addition, six1 is expressed in the pituitary, branchial arches, somites, pectoral fin, ventral abdomen muscle, and the cranial muscles of the eye and lower jaw. An increase of six1 expression was observed in the lateral line, muscles, and inner ear of the mind bomb mutant, illustrating a regulatory effect of the Notch pathway on expression of Six genes. Developmental Dynamics 230:781–786, 2004 © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unique and redundant roles of Smad3 in TGF‐β–mediated regulation of long bone development in organ culture
Authors: Alvarez Jesus , Serra Rosa 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe most well‐characterized intracellular signaling molecules for transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) are the Smads. R‐Smads interact with and are phosphorylated directly by the TGF‐β type I receptor. Phosphorylated R‐Smads can then associate with Smad4, translocate to the nucleus and regulate transcription. Specific R‐Smads transduce distinct signals for members of the TGF‐β superfamily. Smad2 and ‐3 mediate signaling by TGF‐β/activin, whereas Smad1, ‐5, and ‐8 mediate bone morphogenetic protein signaling. TGF‐β inhibits proliferation and hypertrophic differentiation in metatarsal organ cultures by a perichondrium‐dependent mechanism. To determine the mechanism of TGF‐β signaling in the perichondrium, we tested the hypothesis that TGF‐β–restricted Smad2 and Smad3 regulate chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in embryonic metatarsal organ cultures. Perichondrium was infected with adenoviruses containing dominant‐negative forms of Smad2 (Ad‐Smad2‐3SA) and Smad3 (Ad‐Smad3ΔC). Proliferation and differentiation were measured in response to treatment with TGF‐β1. Results were compared with control bones infected with a β‐galactosidase reporter virus (Ad‐β‐gal). Infection with Ad‐Smad2‐3SA completely blocked the effects of TGF‐β1 on metatarsal development while Ad‐Smad3ΔC only partially blocked TGF‐β1 effects. To further characterize the role of Smad3 in long bone development, TGF‐β1 responsiveness in cultures from Smad3+/+ and Smad3ex8/ex8 mice were compared. Loss of Smad3 only partially blocked the effects of TGF‐β1 on differentiation. In contrast, the effects of TGF‐β1 on chondrocyte proliferation were blocked completely. We conclude that Smad2 signaling in the perichondrium can compensate for the loss of Smad3 to regulate inhibition of hypertrophic differentiation; however, Smad3 is required for TGF‐β1–mediated effects on proliferation. Developmental Dynamics 230:685–699, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroglian stabilizes epithelial structure during Drosophila oogenesis
Authors: Wei Jun , Hortsch Michael , Goode Scott 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe vertebrate L1 family of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and their fly homolog, Neuroglian, are members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily of CAMs. In general, Ig CAMs have been found to play critical roles in mediating axon guidance. One Ig CAM, NCAM, has also been implicated in maintaining epithelial integrity and suppressing metastatic dissemination of tumor cells. Other Ig CAMs, such as Nrg, are also expressed in epithelia. We thus tested the hypothesis that, like NCAM, Nrg might also be required for maintaining epithelial integrity and for inhibiting tumor invasion. We used the Drosophila follicular epithelium to determine the function of Nrg in vivo in maintaining epithelial structure, and in regulating the motility of migrating border cells and invasive tumorous follicle cells. Nrg167 is expressed on the lateral membrane of follicle cells. Loss of Nrg167 causes border cells to delay delamination and causes other follicle cells to delaminate inappropriately. The delaminated cells have aberrant epithelial polarity manifested as severe mislocalization of apical and basal membrane proteins, and uniform localization of lateral membrane proteins. Furthermore, loss of Nrg167 dramatically enhances the invasive phenotype associated with loss of Discs Large, a neoplastic tumor suppressor. These results indicate that Nrg167 stabilizes epithelial polarity by regulating junctional adhesion and function in normal and tumorous epithelia. Our data also suggest that Ig superfamily members have significant functional redundancy in maintaining epithelial polarity, with individual members playing subtle, unique roles during epithelial morphogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 230:800–808, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.