bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parkinson Disease: An Overview for the Management Techniques Via Physical Therapy
Authors: Alameer Abdulaziz Ali Hasan , Alhuraysi Muhammed Ali Mofareh , Alhazmi Mohammad Ismail , Al-Ghamdi Wael Abdulghani Mohammed , Alshehri Saeed Abdullah Aziz , Maashi Sultan Mohammed , Al-Ghashmari Khalid Hassan Ali 
Published: January 2025

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, resting tremor, and rigidity, as well as non-motor symptoms including sleep disturbances, mood disorders, and autonomic dysfunction. It affects approximately 1% of individuals aged 60 and older, with both genetic and environmental factors contributing to its etiology. The pathophysiology involves the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the accumulation of alpha-synuclein in Lewy bodies. Aim: This article provides an overview of PD, focusing on its clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and management strategies, with an emphasis on the role of physical therapy in improving functional outcomes and quality of life. Methods: The review synthesizes current literature on PD, including its epidemiology, etiology, histopathology, and clinical features. It also examines evidence-based management techniques, particularly the integration of physical therapy into multidisciplinary care. Results: PD is diagnosed clinically, with physical therapy playing a critical role in addressing motor and non-motor symptoms. Key interventions include gait and balance training, strength and flexibility exercises, and task-specific activities. Physical therapy has been shown to improve mobility, reduce fall risk, and enhance overall well-being, though long-term adherence remains a challenge. Non-motor symptoms, such as depression and autonomic dysfunction, require a holistic approach involving pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies. Conclusion: PD is a multifaceted disorder requiring comprehensive management. Physical therapy is a vital component of care, offering significant benefits in improving motor function and quality of life. However, sustained outcomes depend on ongoing support and adherence to exercise programs. A multidisciplinary approach, including physical therapists, physicians, and other healthcare professionals, is essential for optimizing patient outcomes
Time-varying Binary Phasmatodea Population Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Lou Jiayin , Chu Shu-Chuan , Pan Jeng-Shyang , Zhuang Zhongjie 
Published: January 2025

Phasmatodea Population Evolution Algorithm (PPE) is an optimization algorithm based on insect behavior. It excels in solving tasks in continuous space. Standard PPE is not suitable for addressing binary problems such as path selection problems, neural network training, and feature selection problems. However, real-world binary problems cannot be solved by the original PPE algorithm. Because binary solutions can only have values of 0 or 1, while the solution space of standard PPE is continuous. To address these issues, we propose the Binary Phasmatodea Population Evolution (BPPE) algorithm and Time-Varying Binary Phasmatodea Population Evolution (TV-BPPE) for dealing with issues with binary properties and study the effect of different transfer functions on the algorithm’s performance.
Ainda Estou Aqui! Apontamentos para uma interpretação e análise do livro “Geografia, pequena história crítica” de Antônio Carlos Robert de Moraes. 1981 [2007]). Editora Anablume. São Paulo
Authors: Carlos Tosta dos Reis Luis , Cozer Chiabai Silva Akylla 
Published: January 2025

O presente texto visa desenvolver uma interpretação do perfil e análise do livro “Geografia, Pequena História Crítica”, destacando preliminarmente considerações sobre o perfil mais geral da publicação e, em seguida, realizando uma análise de sua estrutura. A segunda parte do texto constitui uma reprodução do conteúdo de cada capítulo do livro, propondo uma sistematização que, sugere-se, o livro permite desenvolver; enquanto a primeira parte encerra uma apreciação dotada de maior autonomia interpretativa em relação aos argumentos formulados pelo próprio autor. Desse modo, o primeiro item do texto busca contribuir no sentido de fornecer uma interpretação do livro, apontando para um modo de pensar a relação entre a historiografia da disciplina e a discussão epistemológica; ao passo que o segundo item se concentra em propor uma análise da estrutura formal do livro.
Bullying di Sekolah dan Dampaknya pada Perilaku Siswa Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Raihan  , Tasrif  , Ida Waluyati  
Published: January 2025

Perundungan adalah salah satu ekspresi kekerasan yang paling umum terjadi dalam konteks teman sebaya selama masa sekolah. Penelitian tentang perundungan dimulai lebih dari empat puluh tahun yang lalu, perundungan didefinisikan sebagai tindakan agresif dan disengaja yang dilakukan oleh kelompok atau individu secara berulang-ulang dan dalam jangka waktu yang lama terhadap korban yang tidak dapat dengan mudah membela diri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak psikososial tindakan bullying pada siswa di sekolah dasar negeri 44 kota Bima. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Metode pengambilan data yang dilakukan dengan cara wawancara secara mendalam, observasi dan dokumentasi. Tekhnik analisis data melalui langkah-langkah pengumpulan data, reduksi data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Selain dari hasil penelitian, data penelitian ini juga bersumber dari analisis artikel nasional yang terindeks Sinta dan Google Scholar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bullying dapat menyebabkan gangguan emosional dan mental pada korban. Mereka mungkin mengalami kecemasan, depresi, stres, dan kehilangan kepercayaan diri. Bullying juga dapat menyebabkan isolasi sosial, perasaan kesepian, dan penurunan kualitas hidup secara kesinambungan.
Analisis Sentimen pada Ulasan Penyedia Layanan Menggunakan Algoritma C4.5
Authors: Miske Marcillia  , Muhammad Fadlan  , Hartono Lies 
Published: January 2025

Analisis sentimen adalah proses memahami dan mengolah data tekstual secara otomatis untuk memperoleh informasi. PT.XYZ merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak dalam pengoperasian sistem telekomunikasi Telepon Bergerak Seluler dengan sistem GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication). Perusahaan belum memiliki aplikasi khusus untuk menganalisis ulasan pengunjung terhadap pelayanan yang diberikan, sehingga sulit memperoleh pemahaman detail terkait ulasan konsumen guna meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan. Penelitian ini mengusulkan Aplikasi yang dapat menganalisis ulasan pada PT. XYZ guna menyelesaikan permasalahan. Data penelitian adalah ulasan konsumen PT. XYZ pada software Google Map sebanyak 140 ulasan. Metode penelitian ini yaitu Algoritma C4.5 untuk mengklasifikasi dan memprediksi ulasan dengan membentuk pohon keputusan untuk menemukan hubungan antarvariabel. Tahapan penelitian: Crawling data, Text Preprocessing, perhitungan TF (Term Frequency) kemudian analisis Algoritma C4.5 untuk menentukan kelas klasifikasi ulasan layanan. Penelitian ini telah berhasil memprediksi sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian. Penelitian dengan 126 data latih dan 14 data uji memperoleh nilai akurasi sebesar 78,57%, nilai Precision sebesar 83,33%, dan nilai Recall sebesar 90,91%. Selanjutnya, hasil pengujian mengungkapkan bahwa semakin banyak data latih maka semakin banyak pola yang diperoleh. Akurasi akan meningkat seiring bertambahnya jumlah data latih.
Tirzepatide vs Insulin Lispro Added to Basal Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Rosenstock Julio , Frías Juan P. , Rodbard Helena W. , Tofé Santiago , Sears Emmalee , Huh Ruth , Fernández Landó Laura , Patel Hiren 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceTirzepatide is a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Efficacy and safety of adding tirzepatide vs prandial insulin to treatment in patients with inadequate glycemic control with basal insulin have not been described.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide vs insulin lispro as an adjunctive therapy to insulin glargine.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis open-label, phase 3b clinical trial was conducted at 135 sites in 15 countries (participants enrolled from October 19, 2020, to November 1, 2022) in 1428 adults with type 2 diabetes taking basal insulin.InterventionsParticipants were randomized (in a 1:1:1:3 ratio) to receive once-weekly subcutaneous injections of tirzepatide (5 mg [n = 243], 10 mg [n = 238], or 15 mg [n = 236]) or prandial thrice-daily insulin lispro (n = 708).Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes included noninferiority of tirzepatide (pooled cohort) vs insulin lispro, both in addition to insulin glargine, in HbA1c change from baseline at week 52 (noninferiority margin, 0.3%). Key secondary end points included change in body weight and percentage of participants achieving hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) target of less than 7.0%.ResultsAmong 1428 randomized participants (824 [57.7%] women; mean [SD] age, 58.8 [9.7] years; mean [SD] HbA1c, 8.8% [1.0%]), 1304 (91.3%) completed the trial. At week 52, estimated mean change from baseline in HbA1c with tirzepatide (pooled cohort) was −2.1% vs −1.1% with insulin lispro, resulting in mean HbA1c levels of 6.7% vs 7.7% (estimated treatment difference, −0.98% [95% CI, −1.17% to −0.79%]; P &amp;lt; .001); results met noninferiority criteria and statistical superiority was achieved. Estimated mean change from baseline in body weight was −9.0 kg with tirzepatide and 3.2 kg with insulin lispro (estimated treatment difference, −12.2 kg [95% CI, −13.4 to −10.9]). The percentage of participants reaching HbA1c less than 7.0% was 68% (483 of 716) with tirzepatide and 36% (256 of 708) with insulin lispro (odds ratio, 4.2 [95% CI, 3.2-5.5]). The most common adverse events with tirzepatide were mild to moderate gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea: 14%-26%; diarrhea: 11%-15%; vomiting: 5%-13%). Hypoglycemia event rates (blood glucose level &amp;lt;54 mg/dL or severe hypoglycemia) were 0.4 events per patient-year with tirzepatide (pooled) and 4.4 events per patient-year with insulin lispro.Conclusions and RelevanceIn people with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin, weekly tirzepatide compared with prandial insulin as an additional treatment with insulin glargine demonstrated reductions in HbA1c and body weight with less hypoglycemia.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04537923
Human Kidney Proximal Tubule‐Microvascular Model Facilitates High‐Throughput Analyses of Structural and Functional Effects of Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Shaughnessey Erin M. , Kann Samuel H. , Charest Joseph L. , Vedula Else M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractKidney ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) poses a major global healthcare burden, but effective treatments remain elusive. IRI involves a complex interplay of tissue‐level structural and functional changes caused by interruptions in blood and filtrate flow and reduced oxygenation. Existing in vitro models poorly replicate the in vivo injury environment and lack means of monitoring tissue function during the injury process. Here, a high‐throughput human primary kidney proximal tubule (PT)‐microvascular model is described, which facilitates in‐depth structural and rapid functional characterization of IRI‐induced changes in the tissue barrier. The PREDICT96 (P96) microfluidic platform's user‐controlled fluid flow can mimic the conditions of IR to induce pronounced changes in cell structure that resemble clinical and in vivo phenotypes. High‐throughput trans‐epi/endo‐thelial electrical resistance (TEER) sensing is applied to non‐invasively track functional changes in the PT‐microvascular barrier during the two‐stage injury process and over repeated episodes of injury. Notably, ischemia causes an initial increase in tissue TEER followed by a sudden increase in permeability upon reperfusion, and this biphasic response occurs only with the loss of both fluid flow and oxygenation. This study demonstrates the potential of the P96 kidney IRI model to enhance understanding of IRI and fuel therapeutic development.
Biocompatible Human Placental Extracellular Matrix Derived Hydrogels
Authors: Gujjar Sunil , Tyagi Anurag , Sainger Saloni , Bharti Puja , Nain Vaibhav , Sood Pratibha , Jayabal Prakash , Sharma Jagadish Chandra , Sharma Priyanka , Rajput Sanjay , Pandey Anil Kumar , Pandey Amit Kumar , Abnave Prasad , Mathapati Santosh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSolubilizing extracellular matrix (ECM) materials and transforming them into hydrogels has expanded their potential applications both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, hydrogels are prepared by decellularization of human placental tissue using detergent and enzymes and by the subsequent creation of a homogenized acellular placental tissue powder (P‐ECM). A perfusion‐based decellularization approach is employed using detergent and enzymes. The P‐ECM with and without gamma irradiation is then utilized to prepare P‐ECM hydrogels. Physical and biological evaluations are conducted to assess the suitability of the P‐ECM hydrogels for biocompatibility. The decellularized tissue has significantly reduced cellular content and retains the major ECM proteins. Increasing the concentration of P‐ECM leads to improved mechanical properties of the P‐ECM hydrogels. The biocompatibility of the P‐ECM hydrogel is demonstrated through cell proliferation and viability assays. Notably, gamma‐sterilized P‐ECM does not support the formation of a stable hydrogel. Nonetheless, the use of HCl during the digestion process effectively decreases spore growth and bacterial bioburden. The study demonstrates that P‐ECM hydrogels exhibit physical and biological attributes conducive to soft tissue reconstruction. These hydrogels establish a favorable microenvironment for cell growth and the need for investigating innovative sterilization methods.
Regulation of Anti‐Thermal Quenching and Emission Color in Eu2+‐Activated Na‐Beta‐Alumina Phosphors for Full‐Spectrum Illumination
Authors: Chen Mengfang , Liao Shuzhen , Han Yue , Qiu Zhongxian , Lian Shixun , Zhang Jilin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBroadband cyan‐emitting phosphors are crucial to close the cyan gap of phosphor‐converted white light‐emitting diodes (pc‐WLEDs) for full‐spectrum illumination. In this work, efficient cyan‐emitting Eu2+‐activated phosphor is achieved through structural modulation, which exhibits anti‐thermal quenching behavior. Redshift from blue (469 nm) to cyan (500 nm) emission and enhancement of emission is achieved by codoping Mg2+ and Ge4+ into Eu2+‐activated Na‐beta‐alumina phosphor. The introduction of Mg2+ ions dominates the redshift, while Ge4+ dominates the enhancement of emission. Furthermore, the introduction of Mg2+ and Ge4+ reduces the content of deep trap levels related to VNa defect, which decreases the degree of anti‐thermal quenching and results in better thermal stability. The prototype pc‐WLED by using the cyan‐emitting phosphor exhibits higher color‐rendering index and potential to close the cyan gap of pc‐WLEDs for full‐spectrum illumination. This work presents a paradigm for exploring phosphors with highly efficient and thermally stable emissions.
Reprogrammable Nonlinear Transmission Controls Using an Information Metasurface
Authors: Ning Yu Ming , Ma Qian , Xiao Qiang , Gu Ze , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNonlinearity manipulation based on electromagnetic (EM) metasurfaces has always been a hot topic, which is an important part of communication and radar systems. However, most of the existing transmission metasurfaces are mainly focused on linear processing on the incident EM waves. In this article, a reprogrammable nonlinear transmission metasurface is proposed for spatial waves using active power amplifiers. An ultrathin and compact metasurface is designed, fabricated, and measured, to achieve reprogrammable functions on the nonlinear transmissions. For EM incidence, the metasurface can not only amplify the magnification of small signals, but also control high‐energy signals nonlinearly, whose magnification is determined by different bias voltages. The simulation and experimental results show good consistency, which verifies the feasibility of the proposed method. This work can find potential applications in signal gain compression and construction of nonlinear units of diffractive deep neural networks.
Palladium Catalysis: Dependence of the Efficiency of C−C Bond Formation on Carboxylate Ligand and Alkali Metal Carboxylate or Carboxylic Acid Additive. Part A: the C(sp2)−C(sp2), C(sp2)−C(sp3) and C(sp3)−C(sp3) Bonds
Authors: Le Bras Jean , Muzart Jacques 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA variety of Pd‐catalyzed reactions are carried out with palladium carboxylates in the presence of carboxylic acids and/or alkali metal carboxylates. This review is Part A of three reviews highlighting the dependence of the efficiency of the formation of the different C−C bonds on the nature of the carboxylate unit. Part A concerns inter‐ and intramolecular reactions leading to the formation of a C(sp2)−C(sp2), C(sp2)−C(sp3) or C(sp3)−C(sp3) bond. The variety of procedures and additives is presented as well as the reaction mechanisms with, as far as possible, personal comments.
Mixed methods in community psychology: A values‐forward synthesis
Authors: Javdani Shabnam , Larsen Sadie E. , Allen Nicole E. , Blackburn Allyson M. , Griffin Breana , Rieger Agnes 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMixed methods research (MMR) combines multiple traditions, methods, and worldviews to enrich research design and interpretation of data. In this virtual special issue, we highlight the use of MMR within the field of community psychology. The first MMR studies appeared in flagship community psychology journals over 30 years ago (in 1991). To explore the uses of MMR in the field, we first review existing literature by identifying all papers appearing in either Journal of Community Psychology or American Journal of Community Psychology in which the word “mixed” appeared. A total of 88 publications were identified. Many of these papers illustrate the pragmatic use of MMR to evaluate programs and to answer different research questions using different methods. We coded articles based on Green et al.'s classifications of the purpose of the mixing: triangulation, development, complementarity, expansion, and initiation. Complementarity was the most frequently used purpose (46.6% of articles), and nearly a quarter of articles mixed for multiple purposes (23.86%). We also coded for any community psychology values advanced by the use of mixed methods. We outline three themes here with corresponding exemplars. These articles illustrate how MMR can highlight ecological analysis and reconsider dominant, individual‐level paradigms; center participant and community member experiences; and unpack paradoxes to increase the usefulness of research findings.
Divergent and Selective Light Alkene Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Wang Zi‐Chao , Zhang Jia‐Wen , Koh Ming Joo , Shi Shi‐Liang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLight olefins are abundantly manufactured in the petroleum industry and thus represent ideal starting materials for modern chemical synthesis. Selective and divergent transformations of feedstock light olefins to value‐added chemicals are highly sought‐after but remain challenging. Herein we report an exceptionally regioselective carbonickelation of light alkenes followed by in situ trapping with three types of nucleophiles, namely a reductant, base, or Grignard reagent. This protocol enables efficient 1,2‐hydrofunctionalization, dicarbofunctionalization, and branched‐selective Heck‐type cross‐coupling of light alkenes with aryl and alkenyl reagents to streamline access to diverse alkyl arenes and complex alkenes. Harnessing bulky N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands with acenaphthyl backbones for nickel catalysts is crucial to attain high reactivity and selectivity. This strategy provides a rare, modular, and divergent platform for upgrading feedstock alkenes and is expected to find broad applications in medicinal chemistry and industrial processes.
SCADA Master Planning for Water and Wastewater Utilities
Authors: Plumstead Adam , Samson Pete 
Published: October 2023

Key TakeawaysSupervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) provides water utilities with data for regulatory compliance, monitoring and alarm management of life safety systems, and protecting public health.Utilities often make the mistake of taking a passive approach to managing a SCADA system, not giving it the special attention and detailed planning it requires to stay current.A SCADA master plan can fit any organization's size, complexity, and budget.
Garland, Texas: Finding and Fixing Leaks Using Satellite‐Directed Inspections
Authors: Gagliardo Paul , Baughman Cynthia 
Published: October 2023

Key TakeawaysGarland, Texas, wanted to reduce its nonrevenue water (NRW), which had risen sharply between 2015 and 2020.Using satellite‐directed field leak inspections, the city was able to identify leaking pipes and reduce real water losses.Garland began a proactive leak detection program in 2021, and NRW has dropped significantly because of these efforts.
Tapping Tomorrow: Houston's Water Prospects for the Next Century
Authors: Kommineni Sunil , Petersen Tina , Bartlett Justin , Turco Michael , Komazin Paula , Greuter Ashley , Swank Kyle 
Published: October 2023

Key TakeawaysAfter long‐term groundwater pumping increased subsidence‐related flood risk in Houston, the Texas legislature created subsidence districts to manage groundwater use.Reducing groundwater pumping requires alternative water supplies (AWSs) to meet current and future water demands.An assessment of AWS options in the Houston area determined that potential supplies should be more than ample to meet anticipated growth and demand.
Pharmamedia and pectinase production by Bacillus subtilis Mz‐12P
Authors: Alajlani Muaaz Mutaz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBacterial isolates collected from the environment were screened for pectinolytic activity, and a strain with the highest activity was selected and identified as Bacillus subtilis Mz‐12. The presence of pectin hydrolase, lyase, and esterase activities was confirmed. Pectinase was purified and characterized. Enzyme production was optimized with respect to temperature, pH, and growth medium. Enzyme stability and activity were characterized under different temperatures and pH values. The results showed that this strain was capable of producing high yields of pectinase in commercial medium (Pharmamedia) 24.6 U/mL compared to other media. The purified pectinase of 22.3 kDa produced was constitutive in nature. The isolated enzyme from this strain displayed a wide range of temperature and pH stability, with the optimal activity observed at pH 9.0 and 50°C. These results indicate that the B. subtilis Mz‐12 strain is a favorable candidate for industrial enzyme production. The use of Pharmamedia is reported for first time for pectinase production.