bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of tribological properties of MoS2 and CaF2 particles as oil additives and their effects on surface contact
Authors: Baş Hasan , Beşirbeyoğlu Muhammet Ali , Özen Onur 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNowadays, researches on the use of alkali metal salts as friction‐reducing and anti‐wear oil additives are continuing. In this study, the tribological effects of heavy metal containing MoS2 and alkali metal salt CaF2 additives on pure engine oil (20W50) were investigated using block‐on‐ring tester configured as surface contact geometry. The tests were performed at various contact loads, revolutions, and additive ratios. The crystal structure of the additives and their effects on surface quality and surface roughness analysed by x‐ray crystallography, scanning electron microscope and profilometry. Moreover, Energy dispersive spectrometry was used for element detection on worn surfaces. Results indicated that additives of MoS2 and CaF2 can reduce the friction, increase the capacity of load‐carrying and the wear resistance of surfaces. The additives improved the operation of the base oil in boundary lubrication zone by increasing the tribofilm forming effect. It was observed that the CaF2 additive exhibited more stable friction behaviour, while the MoS2 additive has better protective effects against scratches on the block surface.
The role of well‐being in consumer's responses to personalized advertising on social media
Authors: De Keyzer Freya , Buzeta Cristian , Lopes Ana Isabel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn two studies, this paper examines how perceived personalization in advertisements on social media affects brand engagement and ad avoidance. Using a preregistered between‐subjects cross‐sectional survey (n = 794), we tested four different moderated mediation models with perceived creepiness and perceived relevance as competing mediating variables, and hedonic and eudaimonic well‐being as moderating variables. Perceived relevance explains the positive effect of perceived personalization on brand engagement and the negative effect on ad avoidance. Moreover, perceived creepiness explains the negative effect of perceived personalization on ad avoidance. Contrary to our hypotheses, we find positive effects of perceived personalization via perceived creepiness on brand engagement and ad avoidance. Then, a qualitative think‐aloud survey (n = 36) shows that participants are accustomed to personalized advertisements and scroll to avoid them unless there is relevant or useful content. Independent of their well‐being, participants are not creeped out because of personalized advertising; however, it does raise their privacy concerns. Finally, the findings of our two studies indicate that advertisers and social media need to particularly consider consumers' negative affective well‐being to effectively deliver personalized advertisements due to the increase in creepiness and/or privacy concerns.
Multi‐scale consistent self‐training network for semi‐supervised orbital tumor segmentation
Authors: Wang Keyi , Jin Kai , Cheng Zhiming , Liu Xindi , Wang Changjun , Guan Xiaojun , Xu Xiaojun , Ye Juan , Wang Wenyu , Wang Shuai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeSegmentation of orbital tumors in CT images is of great significance for orbital tumor diagnosis, which is one of the most prevalent diseases of the eye. However, the large variety of tumor sizes and shapes makes the segmentation task very challenging, especially when the available annotation data is limited.MethodsTo this end, in this paper, we propose a multi‐scale consistent self‐training network (MSCINet) for semi‐supervised orbital tumor segmentation. Specifically, we exploit the semantic‐invariance features by enforcing the consistency between the predictions of different scales of the same image to make the model more robust to size variation. Moreover, we incorporate a new self‐training strategy, which adopts iterative training with an uncertainty filtering mechanism to filter the pseudo‐labels generated by the model, to eliminate the accumulation of pseudo‐label error predictions and increase the generalization of the model.ResultsFor evaluation, we have built two datasets, the orbital tumor binary segmentation dataset (Orbtum‐B) and the orbital multi‐organ segmentation dataset (Orbtum‐M). Experimental results on these two datasets show that our proposed method can both achieve state‐of‐the‐art performance. In our datasets, there are a total of 55 patients containing 602 2D images.ConclusionIn this paper, we develop a new semi‐supervised segmentation method for orbital tumors, which is designed for the characteristics of orbital tumors and exhibits excellent performance compared to previous semi‐supervised algorithms.
Reducing the propagation delay of compact block in Bitcoin network
Authors: Kim Aeri , Essaid Meryam , Park Sejin , Ju Hongtaek 
Published: January 2024

SummaryBitcoin is a Blockchain‐based network in which thousands of nodes are directly connected and communicate via a gossip‐based flooding protocol. Mined blocks are propagated to all participating nodes in the network through a CBR (compact block relay) protocol developed to reduce the block propagation delay. However, propagation delay persists. The relay time between nodes must be measured and analyzed to determine the cause of the delay and provide solutions for reducing block propagation time. Previously, we measured the relay time and investigated the cause of the delay. According to the findings of the previous study, the delay of the relay time occurs when assembling compact blocks, depending on whether transactions are requested. In this paper, we find the reasons for requesting transactions. The reasons are due to the transaction propagation method and the characteristics of the transaction itself. We propose a solution based on this. It is a method of reducing probability of requesting transactions by using the compact block's “PREFILLEDTXN” to send the transactions expected to be requested with the block. The probability of requesting is reduced by up to 67% when transactions that have just entered the memory pool are propagated by PREFILLEDTXN. The block relay time is reduced by up to 44% as a result. Finally, this research reduces block relay time between nodes.
Mandibular odontogenic cyst atypically extended into the submandibular region with thickened bone formation: A case report
Authors: Kodama Shingo , Uchihashi Toshihiro , Shimamoto Hiroaki , Inubushi Toshihiro , Usami Yu , Tanaka Susumu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundOdontogenic cysts can cause thinning and expansion of the surrounding cortical bone; however, bone formation extending into the submandibular region, resembling periosteal reactions, is rarely observed in odontogenic cysts.Case PresentationA 52‐year‐old man presented with painful submandibular swelling and dyspnea. Computed tomography revealed an extensive mandibular cystic lesion extending to the submandibular region accompanied by thickened bone formation, mimicking lobulated shell‐type periosteal reaction. Percutaneous cystectomy with extensive mandibular bone resection was performed.ConclusionProlonged existence of extensive cystic lesion and inflammatory stimulation may result in bone elongation into the submandibular region, mimicking periosteal reaction.
Probabilistic precision calculations for the planning of studies assessing negative binomial rates
Authors: Hedberg Jonatan , Franzén Stefan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeOutcome variables that are assumed to follow a negative binomial distribution are frequently used in both clinical and epidemiological studies. Epidemiological studies, particularly those performed by pharmaceutical companies often aim to describe a population rather than compare treatments. Such descriptive studies are often analysed using confidence intervals. While precision calculations and sample size calculations are not always performed in these settings, they have the important role of setting expectations of what results the study may generate. Current methods for precision calculations for the negative binomial rate are based on plugging in parameter values into the confidence interval formulae. This method has the downside of ignoring the randomness of the confidence interval limits. To enable better practice for precision calculations, methods are needed that address the randomness.MethodsUsing the well‐known delta‐method we develop a method for calculating the precision probability, that is, the probability of achieving a certain width. We assess the performance of the method in smaller samples through simulations.ResultsThe method for the precision probability performs well in small to medium sample sizes, and the usefulness of the method is demonstrated through an example.ConclusionsWe have developed a simple method for calculating the precision probability for negative binomial rates. This method can be used when planning epidemiological studies in for example, asthma, while correctly taking the randomness of confidence intervals into account.
Consumer experiences and perception with reclosable pharmaceutical child resistant closures in Ghana, West Africa
Authors: Ofosu Samuel , Afrifah Kojo Agyapong , Bix Laura 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChild resistant closures (CRCs) are an effective deterrent in preventing inadvertent poisoning in young children. Nevertheless, investigations since their debut have shown that users in different parts of the world do not embrace this safety package due to their opening mechanism. In this study, consumers who have interacted with pharmaceutical CRCs in Ghana within the West African sub‐region were interrogated to assess their experiences and perception. The assessments centred on consumer attitudes towards using CRCs generally, as well as their understanding of and importance for CRCs, the types that are available, observed cases of unintended medicinal child poisoning, ease of opening and injuries/accidents caused by them. The two observed CRCs used in the region were push and turn and squeeze and turn closures, with the former being the most popular. Regardless of educational level, consumers within the region had little understanding of how CRCs worked and how important they were. Due to their imprecise instructions and unpleasant opening mechanisms, CRCs were generally assessed by consumers as being challenging to open. Consumers unable to open CRCs employed their teeth, knives and sharp objects, resulting in injuries and casualties such as cuts and scratches. To maintain safe containment and limit children's exposure to medications, consumers identified CRCs as their top choice for pharmaceutical packaging. In conclusion, consumers oppose changing the design of CRCs but advocate for better opening instructions and pharmacist education for correct use.
Integrating spatial stream network models and environmental DNA to estimate current and future distributions of nonnative Smallmouth Bass
Authors: Winkowski John J. , Olden Julian D. , Brown Sarah 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
Climate change is fueling the rapid range expansion of invasive species in freshwater ecosystems. This has led to mounting calls from natural resource managers for more robust predictions of invasive species distributions to anticipate threats to species of concern and implement proactive conservation and restoration actions. Here, we applied recent advances in fish sampling and statistical modeling in river networks to estimate the current and future watershed-scale spatial distribution of nonnative Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu.

Methods
We integrated a spatial stream network (SSN) model of stream temperature, landscape environmental covariates, and Smallmouth Bass occurrence data based on environmental DNA (eDNA) detections to develop an SSN species distribution model (SDM) representing current Smallmouth Bass distributions in the Chehalis River, Washington State, a large coastal river basin of ongoing watershed-scale restoration. The SDM was informed by spatially intensive eDNA sampling from 135 locations in the main stem and major tributaries. We then applied downscaled climate change projections to the SSN SDM to predict Smallmouth Bass range expansion in the basin by late century.

Result
We identified high levels of spatial autocorrelation at hydrological distances of ≤10 km in our eDNA data set, underscoring the importance of applying an SSN modeling framework. Stream temperature was identified as the most important environmental covariate explaining variability in Smallmouth Bass occurrence. Model predictions estimated that current suitable summer habitat for Smallmouth Bass habitat spans 681 km and is projected to nearly double by late century (1333 km) under a moderate climate change scenario. Current and future suitable habitat for Smallmouth Bass is prevalent in important tributaries for spring Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, a species of major conservation concern in the Chehalis River and more broadly along the Pacific coast. In both the main stem and tributaries, the SSN SDM predictions of the upstream leading edges of Smallmouth Bass closely align with (within 4.8 km) edges identified by spatially intensive eDNA sampling.

Conclusion
Our study highlights the value of integrating SSN models with rapidly growing eDNA data sets for accurate and precise riverine fish distribution estimation. Our application provides crucial insights for anticipating the impacts of shifting invasive species on Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. in a warming world.
A matrix-model approach to integrated correlators in a $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 SYM theory
Authors: Billò M. , Frau M. , Lerda A. , Pini A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In a $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal gauge theory with matter hypermultiplets transforming in the symmetric and anti-symmetric representations of SU(N), we study the integrated correlators of two Coulomb-branch operators and two moment-map operators using localization. In the corresponding matrix model we identify the operator associated with the integrated insertions of moment-map operators and provide for it an exact expression valid for all values of the coupling constant in the planar limit. This allows us to study the integrated correlators at strong-coupling where we show that they behave as the 2-point functions of the Coulomb-branch operators, up to an overall constant dependent only on the conformal dimensions of the latter. The strong-coupling relation between integrated correlators and 2-point functions turns out to be the same as in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM at large N, despite the reduced amount of supersymmetry in our theory.
On the local-global principle for isogenies of abelian surfaces
Authors: Lombardo Davide , Verzobio Matteo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLet $$\ell $$
ℓ
be a prime number. We classify the subgroups G of $${\text {Sp}}_4({\mathbb {F}}_\ell )$$

Sp
4

(

F
ℓ

)

and $${\text {GSp}}_4({\mathbb {F}}_\ell )$$

GSp
4

(

F
ℓ

)

that act irreducibly on $${\mathbb {F}}_\ell ^4$$

F
ℓ
4

, but such that every element of G fixes an $${\mathbb {F}}_\ell $$

F
ℓ

-vector subspace of dimension 1. We use this classification to prove that a local-global principle for isogenies of degree $$\ell $$
ℓ
between abelian surfaces over number fields holds in many cases—in particular, whenever the abelian surface has non-trivial endomorphisms and $$\ell $$
ℓ
is large enough with respect to the field of definition. Finally, we prove that there exist arbitrarily large primes $$\ell $$
ℓ
for which some abelian surface $$A/{\mathbb {Q}}$$

A
/
Q

fails the local-global principle for isogenies of degree $$\ell $$
ℓ
.
Effect of printing orientation on mechanical properties of 3D-printed orthodontic aligners
Authors: Camenisch Lukas , Polychronis Georgios , Panayi Nearchos , Makou Olga , Papageorgiou Spyridon N. , Zinelis Spiros , Eliades Theodore 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess differences in the fundamental mechanical properties of resin-made three-dimensional (3D) printed orthodontic aligners according to the printing orientation.

Methods
Twenty resin 3D-printed dumbbell-shaped specimens and 20 orthodontic aligners were fabricated and postcured in nitrogen. Half of the specimens and aligners were built in horizontal (H), the other half in vertical (V) directions. The dumbbell-shaped specimens were loaded in a tensile testing machine, while parts of the aligners were embedded in acrylic resin, ground, polished, and then underwent instrumented indentation testing (IIT). Mechanical properties that were assessed included the yield strength (YS), breaking strength (BS), plastic strain (ε), Martens hardness (HM), indentation modulus (EIT), elastic index (ηIT), and indentation relaxation (RIT). Data were analyzed statistically with independent t‑tests or Mann–Whitney tests at α = 5%.

Results
No significant differences were found between specimens or aligners printed either in a horizontal or a vertical direction (P > 0.05 in all instances). Overall, the 3D-printed aligners showed acceptable mechanical propertied in terms of YS (mean 19.2 MPa; standard deviation [SD] 1.7 MPa), BS (mean 19.6 MPa; SD 1.2 MPa), ε (mean 77%; SD 11%), HM (median 89.0 N/mm2; interquartile range [IQR] 84.5–90.0 NN/m2), EIT (median 2670.5 MPa; IQR 2645.0–2726.0 MPa), ηIT (median 27.5%; IQR 25.9–28.1%), and RIT (mean 65.1%; SD 3.5%).

Conclusion
Printing direction seemed to have no effect on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed resin aligners, which are promising for orthodontic use.
Adhesive bonding of glass-fibre thermoplastic composite: process optimisation and sustainability analysis using LCA methodology
Authors: Mandolfino Chiara , Cassettari Lucia , Lertora Enrico , Pizzorni Marco 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn recent years, great attention has been paid to the challenge of integrating more sustainable circular approaches to manufacturing, which involve optimising the entire product cycle, from design to fabrication, assembly and eventual reuse/recycling. In this context, the use of thermoplastic composite materials in combination with adhesive bonding is attracting increasing attention to achieve this dual objective. Therefore, the proposed research focuses on the experimental and statistical optimisation of an adhesive bonding process for glass-fibre–reinforced composite substrates with polypropylene matrix, with the aim of comparing its performance with that of joints made using more conventional configurations, i.e. utilising thermosetting substrates. A low-pressure plasma pre-bonding surface treatment is adopted, and its effectiveness in enhancing joint performance compared to more conventional preparations for plastics is discussed. By varying plasma parameters according to the design of experiments statistical approach, the joint response is studied in terms of tensile shear strength and modelled in accordance with the response surface methodology to identify the optimum condition of process parameters within the established system boundaries. The study found that with optimised pre-treatment, adhesive joints of glass-fibre–reinforced composites with thermoplastic matrices (first scenario) can achieve tensile shear strength (TSS) comparable to that of thermoset composites (second scenario), making them viable options in various applications. Two alternative scenarios—namely, joints with thermoplastic composite or thermoset composite substrates—are then analysed by the life cycle assessment methodology and compared according to their relative environmental impact, demonstrating that glass-fibre thermoplastic composite joints are competitive alternatives to thermoset joints in terms of mechanical static performance achieved, but significantly preferable with regard to environmental sustainability.
Sarkopenie, körperliche Aktivität und sedentäres Verhalten von Pflegeheimbewohnenden in Deutschland
Authors: Haigis Daniel , Wagner Silas , Pomiersky Rebekka , Matting Leon , Hahn Lea-Sofie , Eschweiler Gerhard W. , Thiel Ansgar , Frahsa Annika , Sudeck Gorden , Nieß Andreas M. 
Published: January 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Bewohnende in Pflegeheimen (PH) weisen eine hohe Prävalenz des muskuloskeletalen Syndroms Sarkopenie auf und erreichen häufig nicht die aktuellen Empfehlungen für körperliche Aktivität (kA).

Fragestellung
Ziel dieser Studie ist die Identifizierung der Unterschiede in Bezug auf kA und sedentäres Verhalten (sV) von sarkopenen Bewohnenden im Vergleich zu nichtsarkopenen und präsarkopenen Bewohnenden.

Methoden
Die Sarkopeniequantifizierung wurde bei 63 Bewohnenden aus PH in Baden-Württemberg (DE) anhand der Vorgaben der European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 durchgeführt. Untersucht wurden strukturierte Aktivitätseinheiten (sAE/Woche), akzelerometrisch erfasste kA (Schritte/Tag) und prozentuales sV (sV%/Tag). Die Gruppenvergleiche wurden mithilfe des Kruskal-Wallis-Tests und des Dunn-Bonferroni-Post-hoc-Tests ermittelt.

Ergebnisse
Signifikante Unterschiede zeigten sich für Schritte (p = 0,005) und sV% (p = 0,019). Darüber hinaus zeigten die Schritte signifikante Ergebnisse im Vergleich der Gruppen „keine Sarkopenie“ (2824,4 [423–14275]) und „mögliche Sarkopenie“ (1703,9 [118–5663]) bzw. „bestätigte/schwere Sarkopenie“ (1571,2 [240–2392]) (beide p = 0,022; |r| = 0,34). Das sV% zeigte signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen „keine Sarkopenie“ (87,9 % [69,1–94,3]) und „mögliche Sarkopenie“ (91,7 % [80,4–98,5]) (p = 0,018; |r| = 0,35).

Diskussion
Nichtsarkopene Bewohnende weisen im Vergleich zu präsarkopenen und sarkopenen Bewohnenden eine höhere Schrittzahl und niedrigeres sV% auf. Die Erhöhung der Schrittzahl, die Verringerung des sV% und Förderung von Alltagsaktivitäten können für die Prävention und Behandlung der Sarkopenie im Setting PH beitragen.
Surgical site infections after glioblastoma surgery: boon or bane?
Authors: Hounchonou Harold F. , Bajgora Genis , Esmaeilzadeh Majid , Hartmann Christian , Krauss Joachim K. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are among the most common postoperative complications. Glioblastoma multiforme is the most frequent malignant brain tumor with a dismal prognosis despite combined treatment. The effect of SSIs on the course of glioblastoma patients has not been fully clarified since available data are limited and partially contradictory. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of SSIs on the course of patients with glioblastoma.

Methods
The medical records of all patients undergoing surgery for glioblastoma between 2010 and 2020 in our institution were scanned and those with surgical site infections after glioblastoma resection were identified and compared to an age-matched control group. Overall survival and progression-free survival were the primary endpoints followed by the number of hospitalizations and the length of stay in hospital.

Results
Out of 305 patients undergoing surgery for glioblastoma, 38 patients with postoperative surgical site infection after resection were identified and 15 (5 men and 10 women aged between 9 and 72) were included in this study. 23 patients were excluded. The control group consisted of 30 age-matched patients without SSI (18 men and 12 women). There were no significant differences in median overall survival. Progression-free survival was higher in the SSI group. The number of hospitalizations and the length of stay were significantly higher in the SSI group.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that SSIs might reduce early recurrences without affecting overall survival. Furthermore, they might decrease health-related quality of life by doubling the total length of hospital stay.