bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Only the Strorcj Survive” (1969)”
Authors: Jackson John A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Kenny Gamble, Leon Huff, And Thom Bell Got Off to a spectacular start in 1969, when Jerry Butler’s “Only the Strong Survive” old over a million copies. It was a song that would not have been written had Butler not heard someone utter the title phrase in a conversation. Butler thought it would make a great topic for a song, and Gamble and Huff agreed. In what Butler called “one of the most productive and inspiring writing sessions” the three ever had, they sat down and wrote the million-seller “Only the Strong Survive.”
“Loain”(1972)
Authors: Jackson John A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Whatever The Initial Problems With Philadelphia International Records were, the regular coterie of studio musicians that Gamble and Huff employed on their recording sessions was not included in them. The core of this endowed group was its rhythm section, “a family [that] worked together and played off of each other,” said trombonist Fred Joiner.1 By now, original players Ronnie Baker, Roland Chambers, Bobby Eli, Norman Harris, Vince Montana, Larry Washington, and Earl Young had been joined by pianist/organist Lenny Pakula and guitarist T. J. Tindall. While this talented group was free to work individually or collectively for whomever they chose, they came to be known as the house band of Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff. (Thom Bell simply regarded them as the best musicians available and hired them accordingly.) Because Gamble and Huff were now responsible for a preponderance of the recording at Sigma Sound, their approval became a prerequisite to playing with what had come to be regarded as Philadelphia’s” A-team” of studio players.
“Ain’t No Stoppin’ Us Now’’ (1979-1982)
Authors: Jackson John A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
AS 1979 Began, The Big News Around Philadelphia International was the signing of a new vocal group-and a female group at that. That the Jones Girls-three sisters from Detroit-were veterans of the recording studio when they arrived at 309 South Broad Street was not unusual. What was surprising was that the trio had not been Kenny Gamble’s first choice to add to Philadelphia Intemational’s roster. That distinction had gone to the masterful background singers Barbara Ingram, Evette Benton, and Carla Benson, a.k.a the Sweethearts of Sigma. Since 1971, the three young singers had developed into the consummate recording studio professionals and had sung on a majority of tracks recorded in Philadelphia during the decade. The Sweethearts were every producer’s dream. Fastidiously talented, they took pride in their work and often refused to leave the studio until they obtained the exact sound they sought. Many producers insisted on recording a song on tape, line by line, but the Sweethearts preferred to learn a song “all the way down and [then record] the entire thing,” said Evette. “That was better than ‘stop, stop, stop.111 The Sweethearts reached a point where they did not even have to be told what to sing on a particular track. Producers would hire them for a session and simply tell them to put some background vocals on the song. “And then they would leave!” exclaimed Carla. The Sweethearts sometimes sang the background vocals to a track before the lead vocals were added. “And we could work fast,” added Evette, which meant that a producer did not have to budget a lot of money for the Sweethearts’ talents.
Artist in Exile: The Americanization of Humbert Humbert
Authors: Haegert John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Questions spring to mind when so overt an appeal is made to American themes and sources. In what ways may Lolita be expressive not only of Nabokov’s perennial concerns (namely, art and the aesthetic imagination) but of a new and pressing interest in securing an American identity? What does that vague term American novel mean, after all, and of what use is it when applied to the work of a writer so conspicuously international in outlook? In light of Nabokov’s concerted attempt to reclaim America for his own creative purposes, it may prove fruitful to reexamine Lolita, both as an American novel and as a work of emigre fiction, in an effort to see how its celebrated theme of the wayward artist is imbued with a characteristically American resonance.
Revisiting Lolita
Authors: Wood Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nabokov’s Lolita appeared in Paris (in English, published by Olympia Press) in 1955 but then was banned in France the following year, apparently because of complaints from the British embassy that too many susceptible tourists were buying it and smuggling it home. The ban was lifted three years later. Excerpts from Lolita were printed in the Anchor Review in 1957, but the book was not published in full in the United States until 1958 and in the United Kingdom until 1959.
Biologic Adaptations and Neural Repair
Authors: Dobkin Bruce H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After an ischemic, hypoxic or traumatic injury to the central nervous system, physical and cognitive impairments and accompanying disabilities usually lessen over days, months, and even years. Remarkably mutable intrinsic biologic processes may enable these gains (Table 2–1). Clinically useful adaptations that follow an injury to the nervous system must proceed within the framework of its structures and functions. An injury may initiate molecular and cellular cascades for neuroplasticity, but activity-dependent plasticity is a more potent drive for functional adaptations in patients. Spontaneous improvements in impairments and disabilities may follow an injury over the very short term.
The Rehabilitation Team
Authors: Dobkin Bruce H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The goals of neurologic rehabilitation, to help patients become as functional as possible across interacting impairments, disabilities, and personal needs, require a team of professionals who partner in inpatient and outpatient settings. I will refer to the team of rehabilitation specialists, such as nurses, physical therapists, physicians, and others, as rehabilitation clinicians or rehabilitationists, to best convey their equality at the patient’s bedside. Together, they practice the experiential art and science of the possible.
Acute and Chronic Myelopathies
Authors: Dobkin Bruce H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For young men and women, a traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) may mean negotiating a life yet uncharted in a wheelchair. For older victims of falls and accidents, a charted path veers to a pace slowed by physical barriers, bladder catheters, and pain. At first, no patient succumbs to the notion of life without walking. No person can imagine a lifetime of not being able to scratch one’s nose or feed oneself. The sound bytes from the media about an imminent cure for SCI leads to desperate searches for interventions that had modest success in rodents or to spending money in backstreet clinics for illusory healing through sham treatments.
Unnatural Natural Products
Authors: Hopwood David A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After a couple of lean decades in which no useful natural antibiotics were discovered (Figure 2.1), most drug companies concluded that screening of microorganisms was no longer a worthwhile strategy. Two alternatives offered to fill the gap. One was to return to synthetic chemistry. Before the antibiotic era, chemists had dominated the pharmaceutical industry. The arsenic compound Salvarsan was an unpleasant treatment for syphilis in the 1920s, but the synthetic sulphonamides that immediately preceded the antibiotic era were very good antibacterials. Although largely eclipsed by penicillin, they still have their uses. The early 1990s saw a renewed assertiveness by medicinal chemists, emboldened by the invention of a new field of synthesis, called combinatorial chemistry, in which robots make thousands of compounds in miniaturized reactions, ringing the changes on a set of building units joined in different ways. It is a bit like letting a horde of preschool children loose on a mound of Lego blocks to see how many different structures they can build in a morning’s session. Vast numbers of new compounds can come out of a “combichem” laboratory, and a few promising leads are being followed up, but most synthetic compounds will not interact with microbes or cell receptors in interesting ways, so the hit rate is very low.
Introduction
Authors: Rodensky Lisa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is a dignified simplicity in the way the Victorian jurist Sir James Fitz-james Stephen, writing not only as a criminal lawyer but also as a journalist, statutory draftsman, high court judge, and legal historian, begins his discussion of criminal responsibility in the second volume of A History of the Criminal Law of England, the only history of criminal law published during Victoria’s reign and still indispensable to the study of the English criminal law. Stephen proffers the general rule—that people are responsible for their actions—with an appealing straightforwardness, as appealing as the way he recognizes, without paltering, the exceptions to that rule. They are important and interesting. But they are neither simple nor straightforward.
Introduction
Authors: Swain Joseph P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What is harmonic rhythm? Imagine a pianist who plays the first phrase of “The Star-Spangled Banner” in the right hand and accompanies it with precisely the same chord for each beat in the left hand. Then imagine the melody accompanied by a different chord for each beat (see ex. r-1). The notes in the second version are no faster than in the first; all the durations are the same. Yet the second seems far more active, with a for¬ ward motion entirely lacking in the first version.
Densities of Harmonic Rhythm
Authors: Swain Joseph P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Obivously a traid can progress to another with quiescent subtlety, with terrific force, and with every degree of emphasis in between. Debussy begins his Prelude no. I, book I, “Danseuses de Delphes,” (ex. 6-1) with a series of six-note chords, but after the first it becomes clear that only four real melodies are in counterpoint; the parallel octaves in right and left hands are amplifications of the outermost voices. For one beat in the third measure these outer voices alone continue the motion; then the alto joins in. In the fourth measure we hear sevennote chords for the first time and as many as five active voices.
On The Persistence of the Cerebral Body and Its Alternatives
Authors: Martensen Robert L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Cerebal Body and the Logic of Biomedicine To the degree we accept biomedicine as a science, we believe by definition that its investigative practices and the knowledge they produce or will produce or might produce constitute what scientia literally means: reliably universal knowledge. In this enterprise, physiology, now carried on at the additional level of the gene, has managed to not only maintain its epistemological prestige compared with early modem times but also to increase it. Physiology, after all, is one of the few areas in medicine that deals with laws. In this its position in the life sciences is akin to that of physics in the physical sciences. As such both have remained simultaneously transparent, by which I mean seemingly self-evident and universal, at least to their initiates, and relatively opaque to analyses that rely on historical or cultural relationships to probe claims to universal truth.
Plot in Narrative
Authors: Scholes Robert , Phelan James , Kellogg Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Plot can be defined as the dynamic, sequential element in narrative literature. Insofar as character, or any other element in narrative, becomes dynamic, it is a part of the plot. Spatial art, which presents its materials simultaneously, or in a random order, has no plot; but a succession of similar pictures which can be arranged in a meaningful order (like Hogarth’s “Rake’s Progress”) begins to have a plot because it begins to have a dynamic sequential existence. The images on a strip of motion-picture film are an extreme development of this plot-potential in spatial form. Aristotle, who had the tragic drama mainly in mind, said that plot was the soul of mimetic literary works. In discussing the novel, E. M. Forster quarreled politely with Aristotle and gave character priority over plot. The reasons for this we shall consider when we tum to the characteristic plots of realistic fiction. They are not unlike the reasons which moved Henry James to try to blur the distinction between plot and character in the passage quoted at the beginning of Chapter 5 above. But Aristotle was thinking in absolute terms. He could conceive of a tragedy without much character study (ethos) but not of one without action (praxis).
Beyond the Pill and the IUD
Authors: Segal Sheldon J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After the pill and the IUD, it would be 30 years before a totally new method of contraception gained approval by the FDA. This was the subdermal implant system, Norplant. Like the pill, its primary action is based on the inhibition of ovulation; like the IUD, it is long-acting, reversible, and has an effectiveness in the range of surgical sterilization. Because it lasts for 5 years, one visit to a clinic can replace 1800 days of pill-taking. Because it does not require a gynecological procedure, it offers a new choice for long-term contraception.
Implant contraception began in my New York laboratory, but was possible only because others had made important discoveries. We were attempting to develop a removable plug for reversible closure of the vas deferens in men. The rabbit was our animal model, and the material we were using was Silastic, a Dow-Corning medical-grade plastic. The actual chemical name is polydimethyl siloxane. It is the polymerized form of a silicone-based compound. The idea was to take advantage of its biocompatibility: It could be used in the human body without causing a reaction or allergic response. When we started this work, Silastic had already been in medical use for over 15 years.
Diversity, Trust, and Moral Understanding
Authors: Friedman Marilyn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dialogue with people who hold diverse points of view has been championed by various theories and traditions as an important means of moral development. John Stuart Mill, for example, famously argued that a crucial task for a lively intellect is to engage continually with views different from one’s own, particularly with those at odds with one’s own. These encounters offer both sides a win-win situation. Each side to any dispute gains either by learning about new truths one had not formerly grasped or by being stimulated to recall or recognize the reasons supporting one’s own perspectives. No encounter with viewpoints different from one’s own is an intellectual waste of time, in Mill’s assessment.
Exposure
Authors: Crosby Donald G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The trouble always begins with exposure: no exposure, no dermatitis. Most often, the exposure is direct—the skin actually contacts a plant or plant product. Alternatively, exposure can be indirect (secondary), where contact is made with contaminated fur, tools, clothing, or even your own or some- one else’s skin. It also can be systemic, when one eats food that contains phototoxic constiturents and then goes out into the sunlight. Occupational exposure is very common (table 8.1), but everyone is exposed to plant allergens and irritants at some point.
An Analysis of Factual Knowledge
Authors: Unger Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I intend to provide an analysis of human factual knowledge, in other words, an analysis of what it is for a man to know that something is the case. I try to capture the conception of human factual knowledge that ordinary knowledgeable humans do in fact employ in making commonsensical judgments about the presence or absence of such knowledge. My analysis will depart most radically from all previously offered analyses and will, I think, be all the better for this departure.
Pre´cis of Living High and Letting Die
Authors: Unger Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Because this Symposium’s commentators so clearly indicate so much of the central content of my Living High and Letting Die, I’ll provide only a skeletal Precis of the book. Reducing redundancy, this also will allow more space to develop this content, in response to questions from critics, so as to clarify what’s in the book and, perhaps, its potential for helping us appreciate both morality itself and morally central facts of our current situation.1
Falling Down the Time Shaft: The Case of the Incredible Shrinking Planet
Authors: Rosenzweig Michael L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Earth today is a shrinking island adrift in the sea of time. Maybe you find that sentence somewhat mystical for a science book. But it is not really mystical. It is thoroughly scientific. This chapter has the job of explaining it. In what scientific sense is the Earth shrinking? And what makes it an island adrift in time? By saying “shrinking,” I do not mean some added consequence of global warming! It’s not as if the Earth were made of wool or cotton, and we returned to the galactic laundromat to find a pea-sized planet in its dryer. But, for most species, that might as well be the case. Most forms of life survive only in natural environments. And we are shrinking those environments pitilessly. We convert them-square mile after square mile-to our own purposes. Moreover, whatever we take for ourselves, we change so radically that almost none of the other species in the world can still live in it.
Fighting for crumbs:The Traditional Forms of Biological Conservation
Authors: Rosenzweig Michael L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Functioning by themselves, the traditional forms of conservation are running out of time. Although they sure feel good-and right-in the end, conservation as we now practice it will only delay the monumental forces humanity has deployed against the world’s diversity. Increasingly, traditional forms of conservation are becoming little more than diversions that occupy the attention of concerned citizens while the real struggle goes largely ignored.
Ganglionic and Lobar Hemorrhages
Authors: Wijdicks Eelco F M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Patients with hematomas in the dominant parietal lobe display abnormalities in naming, reading, writing, calculations, finger identification, and left–right distinction. In contrast, patients with hematomas in the nondominant parietal lobe largely experience neglect of the opposite body half and constructional difficulties. Neglect of a hemiparesis may be associated with visually based naming errors and difficulty with writing, particularly omission of letters. Occipital hematomas may be manifested by visual hallucinations and bright colors, but homonymous hemianopia often remains the sole clinical finding on examination.
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Wijdicks Eelco F M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cerebral venous thrombosis may lead to venous hypertension and hemorrhagic infarction. Its presentation commonly confuses clinicians, who may consider more exotic causes when confronted with a young person with a sudden hemorrhagic mass. However, the diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis has been greatly aided by MRI and magnetic resonance venography. It can be estimated that fewer than 10% of patients with cerebral venous thrombosis will need neurologic intensive care during the course of the disease. Reasons for admission to the NICU include the development of hemorrhagic infarction, seizures, and other life-threatening complications in patients with a hypercoagulable state, such as pulmonary embolus or arterial occlusion.
Acute Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion
Authors: Wijdicks Eelco F M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In terms of severity and proclivity for clinical deterioration, a large hemispheric stroke due to occlusion of the main arterial tributary is generally recognized as one of the major neurologic critical illnesses. The arterial occlusion may involve the stem or one of the larger branches of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Although many neurologists are appreciably complacent about therapeutic interventions in patients with a massive stroke in whom expectations for functional recovery seem low, aggressive management in selected patients may result in a very reasonable outcome.
Cerebellar Infarct
Authors: Wijdicks Eelco F M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cerebellar infarction accounts for only 1% of all patients with ischemic stroke but is more common in younger patients, probably because of vertebral artery dissection. Cerebellar infarction can be isolated or coexist with brain stem, thalamic, or cortical infarcts. However, cerebellar infarcts may become of greater relevance when swollen tissue produces a mass effect. Usually within 3 days, signs of swelling overshadow vertigo and ataxia. Mass effect develops more frequently in patients with full territorial cerebellar infarcts, although only half have clinical deterioration.
Status Epilepticus
Authors: Wijdicks Eelco F M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Status epilepticus is a neurologic emergency that not only needs rapid pharmacologic intervention but also is more properly treated when its cause is identified. Fortunately, 70% to 80% of patients with status epilepticus become seizure-free in the emergency department from treatment with repeated boluses of benzodiazepines and intravenous loading with a sufficient amount of phenytoin. Thus, persistent and therapy-refractory generalized tonicclonic seizures after admission to the NICU indicate a more severe form of status epilepticus with undoubtedly higher probability of permanent neurologic damage. A critical juncture is time of successful administration of antiepileptic agents. Delay in treatment (more than 30 minutes to 1 hour) could lead to persistent neurologic damage, mostly from memory deficits.
Nosocomial Infections
Authors: Wijdicks Eelco F M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A nosocomial infection is arbitrarily defined as any infection developing 48 hours after admission. This definition implies that there is no clinical or laboratory evidence of infection in the first 2 days and no infection incubating on admission. An infection manifested earlier is considered community-acquired. Nosocomial infections are much more likely in intensive care units because of the severity of the underlying illness, extremes of age, and multiplicity of devices and instruments. Published epidemiologic surveys have unequivocally shown that hospital-acquired infection contributes greatly to morbidity, mortality, and, often, length of stay in the intensive care unit, with attendant extravagant costs.