bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations of Neuronal Connectivity in Area CA1 of Hippocampal Slices from Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients and from Pilocarpine‐Treated Epileptic Rats
Authors: Lehmann T.‐N. , Gabriel S. , Kovacs R. , Eilers A. , Kivi A. , Schulze K. , Lanksch W. R. , Meencke H. J. , Heinemann U. 
Published: August 2005

Summary: Purpose: Neuronal network reorganization might be involved in epileptogenesis in human and rat limbic epilepsy. Apart from aberrant mossy fiber sprouting, a more wide‐spread fiber rearrangement in the hippocampal formation might occur. Therefore, we studied sprouting in area CA1 because this region is most affected in human temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods: In slices from hippocampi of patients operated on for temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 134), from pilocarpine‐treated rats (n = 74), and from control rats (n = 15), viable neurons were labeled with fluorescent dextran amines. Results: In human hippocampi as well as in pilocarpine‐treated rats, the degree of nerve cell loss varied. In 67 of 134 slices from human specimens with distinct Ammon's horn sclerosis and in 23 of 74 slices from pilocarpine‐treated rats, a severe shrunken area CA1 presented with a similar picture: few damaged neurons were labeled, and aberrant fiber connections were not visible. This was in contrast to human resected hippocampi and hippocampi from pilocarpine‐treated rats with no or moderate loss of neurons. In these cases, pyramidal cells remote from the injection site were labeled (human tissue, n = 59 of 134; pilocarpine‐treated rats, n = 39 of 74). In human resected hippocampi without obvious pathology and in control animals, no pyramidal neurons were labeled apart from the injection site. Conclusions: Axon collaterals of CA1 pyramidal cells are increased in human temporal lobe epilepsy and in pilocarpine‐treated rats. Adjacent CA1 pyramidal cells project via aberrant collaterals to the stratum pyramidale and the stratum radiatum of area CA1. This network reorganization can contribute to hyperexcitability via increased backward excitation.
Topiramate in Lennox–Gastaut Syndrome: Open‐Label Treatment of Patients Completing a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Glauser Tracy A. , Levisohn Paul M. , Ritter Frank , Sachdeo Rǎjesh C. ,   Topiramate YL Study Group
Published: August 2005

Summary: Purpose: The response to topiramate (TPM) as long‐term adjunctive therapy was evaluated in patients with Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome (LGS) in a long‐term, open‐label extension to a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Methods: In 97 patients with LGS (mean age, 11 years), dosages of TPM and concomitant antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were adjusted to optimal clinical response (mean TPM dosage, 10 mg/kg/day). Results: For those patients who had completed 6 months of TPM therapy, drop attacks were reduced ges;50% in 55% of patients; 15% of patients had no drop attacks for ges;6 months at the last visit. After treatment up to 3+ years, 71% of patients who started open‐label TPM were continuing therapy at the last visit. Conclusions: During long‐term therapy, TPM is effective and well tolerated in controlling the treatment‐resistant drop attacks and seizures associated with LGS.
Time‐Course of Changes of SPECT, EEG, and Seizures in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Shimizu Teruhiko , Nakano Takashi , Yoshikawa Jun , Ohmori Ken‐ichi 
Published: August 2005

Purpose: Rccent reports havc shown that diagnostic imaging by SPECT is uscfiil in the assessment of cpilcptogcnic foci in the brain. We investigated the relationship betwcen the time‐course of SPECT, EEG, and seizure changes over 3‐ to 6‐year periods. Changes wcre correlatcd with therapeutic effect assessments and predicted prognoses. In our study, SPECT and EEG data werc recorded on the same day.Subjects: Subjects comprised 27 outpaticnts with temporal lobe epiIcpsy, mean age and duration of disease of 39.2 years and 23.2 years, respectively. Seizure frequencies were weekly in 4 subjects, monthly in 7, yearly in 6, no seizure for I to 4 years in 6, and no seizure for 2 3 years in 4. Methods: The early phase SPECT images were taken 30 minutes after intravcnous administretion of 1231‐IMP. Resting EEG was sub‐scqucntly recorded. SPECT scanning was performed on horizontal and coronary sections. Regional cerebral blood flow findings were coin‐parcd by visual inspection. Results: In 9 of the 14 subjects whose seizure severity improved over time, focal spikes wcrc tiot observed i n either examination, or disappeared by second examination. I n contrast, only 5 of the 14 subjects had normal basic EEG activity by the second examination. SPECT usually did not improve. Only I ol the 14 subjects whose seizure scvcrity improved over time showed normalized SPECT findings. No subjects with scizure severity rating “unchanged” or “worsened” showed normalized SPECT findings. SPECT normalized i n only I of the 16 subjects i n whoin focal spikes wcrc not observed in either cxamination, or disappeared by second examination. Conclusions: In our present study, improvement of seizures with treatment or over tiinc wits likely to be correlated with improvement in focal spikes but not with SPECT findings. This agrees with the report of Michihiro et al. in that focal spike disappearance preceded SPECT finding normalization during treatment.
Dipole Tracing Examination for the Electric Source of Photoparoxysmal Response Provoked by Half‐Field Stimulation
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiko , Yasuda Kimiko , Takanashi Jun‐ichi , Sugita Katsuo , Kohno Yoichi , Iwasa Hiroto , Nakajima Yoshio 
Published: August 2005

Purpose: Dipole tracing (DT) is a computer‐aidcd noninvasive method used to estimate the location of epileptic discharges from the scalp EEG. In DT equivalent current dipoles (ECDs), which rcflcct the electric source in the brain, are rcsponsible for the potential distribution on the scalp EEC. Thercfore, the DT method is useful to estimatc the focal paroxysmal discharges. In this study we examined the location of the clectric source of photoparoxysmal response (PPR) using scalpskull‐brain dipolc tracing (SSB‐DT) after hal[‐field stimulation, which produced focal PPR on the scalp EEG. Methods: We studied 4 cases of photoscnsitive epilepsy. Wc performed 20 Hz red flicker and flickcring dot pattern half‐ficld stimulation to provoke PPR. In this method, the loci of gcnerators corresponding to the paroxysmal discharges were estimated as ECDs by I ‐ and 2‐dipole analyses. Each location of the ECDs was estimated by iterative calculation. Algorithms minimizing the squarcd difference betwccn the electrical potentials recorded from the scalp EEG and those calculated theoretically from the voluntary dipoles were uscd. In the SSB model, the scalp shell was reconstructed from the helmet mcasurements, and the shapc of the skull and brain was 3‐dimcnsionally reconstructed from CT images. A dipolarity larger than 98% w the accuracy of the estimation. We recorded thcir 2 I channel monopolar scalp EEG. Each spike was sampled analyzed at 10 points around the peaks of at least 10 spikes in each patient using the SSB‐DT method. The ECDs were then supcrimposed on thc MRI of each palient to idcntify the more cxact anatomical region. Results: This study showed the location of cach focus and a dipolarity of greater than 98% in all cases, although the results from the 2‐dipole method showed scattered location. We considered that the analyzed signals were generated from single source. PPR was elicitcd cross‐lateral to the field stimulated. By red flicker half‐field stimulation, EEG revealed eithcr focal spikes and waves in the contralatcral occipital, temporo‐occipitel region, or diffuse spikes and wave complex bursts, sccn dominantly at the contralateral hcmisphere. The supcrimposed ESDs on MRI were located at the occipital or inferior temporal lobe. PPR, provoked by flickering dot pattern half‐field stimulation, werc focal spikes and waves, mainly in the occipital, parieto‐occipital region, or diffuse spikes and wave complcx bursts, seen dominantly at thc contralateral hcmiaphere. The ECDs of their PPRs were located in the occipital, inferior temporal, or inferior pirietal lobules on MRI. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the inferior temporal and inferior parictal lobules which are important for the processing sequence of the visual system in addition to the occipital lobc, might he responsible for thc mechanism of PPR by half‐ficld stimulation, espccially for electric source expansion.
A Sibling of a Patient with Familial Schizencephaly with Epileptic Spasms
Authors: Kimura Shigeru , Sakemi Kikuo , Makuta Masahiro 
Published: August 2005

Case Report: Case 1 was a 5‐year old male with normal perinatal history. At 4 months he was noted to have left hemiparesis and microcephaly. Right schizencephaly was seen on CT. At 7 months he developed epileptic spasms. The interictal EEG showed right parietal focal sharp waves, but no hypsarhythmia. Epileptic spasms initially were controlled with phenobarbital and carhamazepine, but he relapsed. At 5 years and 9 months, he only could speak a few words and he had left hemiparesis. MRI showed right schizencephaly, bilateral cortical dysplasia, and presence of a septum pellucidum. Case 2 was a I‐year old male. Ultrasound in utero showed schizencephaly. He was born after a 39‐week gestation at a birth weight of 3,442 g. He presented poor activity and microcephaly at birth, and poor feeding and retardation of growth followed. At 4 months, he developed epileptic spasms. Interictal EEG showed bilateral focal sharp waves over bilateral occipital and frontopolar regions. Ictal EEG showed an electrodecremental pattern. Infantile spasms were controlled with zonisamide and the focal sharp waves resolved. At I year and 2 months, he exhibited severe mental retardation and quadriplegia. MRIshowed bilateral schizencephaly, cortical dysplasia, and presence of a septum pellucidum. Laboratory studies of blood and urine were normal except for mildly elevated serum ALT. Chromosomal G‐banding was normal with a 46XY karyotype. Parents and another sibling were clinically normal, but were not studied by neuroimaging. Conclusions: Prior literature reports 4 cases of familial schizencephaly; this is the first in Japan. Those 10 cases in 5 families contained 4 pairs of sibs and 1 of half sibs, 5 males and 5 females. Six of 10 cases had bilateral cerebral clefts and 4 had right cerebral cleft, complicating absence of pellucidum in 4 cases, and cortical dysplasia in 8. Five cases developed bilateral paresis, 5 developed hemiparesis, 5 had severe mental retardation (MR), and 4 had moderate MR. Eight cases presented with generalized seizures and 2 had seizures of an unknown type. Among 6 patients with reported EEGs, 5 showed focal slow waves or focal seizure discharges. Several reported cases responded to seizure pharniacotherapy.Barkovick and associates reported 20 cases of non‐familial schizencephaly with bilateral clefts, complicated other cerebral developmental anomalies, severe mental retardation, severe motor dysfunction, and epilepsy at a prevalence statistically lower than that of familial cases. Familial cases tended to have generalized seizures, non‐familial cases partial seizures. Two of the non‐familial cases developed infantile spasms and our cases developed epileptic spasm without EEG findings of hypsarhythmia.
ESES Syndrome with Acquired Aphasia
Authors: Yamashita Sumimasa , Yamada Michiko , Iwamoto Hiroko 
Published: August 2005

Case Report: A 7‐year‐old boy presented with a 2‐year history of convulsions. Birth history was unremarkable. His motor and mental development were normal until the onset of partial seizures of his face at the age of 5.3 years, usually upon awakening. CBZ failed to control seizures. At 6.3 years he began to display slow speech, drooling, and reading difficulties. Absence attacks began at age 7. Upon examination, muscle weakness and cerebellar ataxia and paresis were absent. He showed sudden loss of tone in the arms when eating or writing, considered to represent negative myoclonus. Laboratory examination including CBC, blood chemistry, CSF studies, and MRI all were normal. EEG showed continuous diffuse spike and wave bursts associated with focal spikes at mid‐temporal and central area in the sleep record. Overnight sleep EEG showed continuous diffuse spike and wave bursts during slow wave sleep. The spike wave index was about 30% among slow wave sleep stages. During REM sleep, rapid eye movements disturbed the discharges of the diffuse spike and wave complex on EEG. His intelligent quotient was about 73 in the Tanaka‐Binnet test. Attention was limited and he could not copy figures accurately due to pour eye‐hand coordination. Speech therapy evaluation found word finding difficulty, paraphasia, slow speech, misuse of different consonants, distortion of vowels, and motor articulatory disturbance or motor aphasia. He lacked oral dyspraxia. During a hospital admission, ACTH‐2 was administered intramuscularly 2 I times in addition to oral administration of valproate, phenytoin, and carbamazepine. Convulsions were controlled, and he gradually recovered from the motor aphasia. Diffuse abnormalities of EEG resolved, but focal spikes remained over centro‐temporal areas during sleep. Cognitive function and vocabulary improved. Negative myoclonus of his hand disappeared. Several months after ACTH therapy, however, he suffered from moderate difficulties with word finding and the EEG deteriorated. Conclusions: ESES syndrome consists of “electrical status epilepticus during sleep”, “nonconvulsive status epilepticus with epileptic negative myoclonus”, “atypical benign partial epilepsy”, and “LandauKleffner syndrome“. According to Ohtahara, Landau‐Kleffner syndrome is characteristic of auditory agnosia. There have been no reports of motor aphasia associated with this syndrome. The present case does not meet criteria for “electrical status epilepticus during sleep” because of the low spike‐wave index but may be considered a variant of ESES. The distinctive features of this case are motor aphasia and negative myoclonus, as well as diffuse spike‐waves during slow wave sleep. Long‐term prognosis of this patient is not presently known.
Prognostic factors for alveolar regeneration: effect of space provision
Authors: Polimeni Giuseppe , Albandar Jasim M. , Wikesjö Ulf M. E. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract:Objectives: The role of space provision as an independent prognostic factor for periodontal regeneration remains to be established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of space provision on alveolar bone regeneration in periodontal sites.Methods: Critical size, supra‐alveolar, periodontal defects were created in 11 young adult Beagle dogs. Six animals received a porous ePTFE device to provide for space provision. Five animals received sham surgery. The animals were euthanized at 8 weeks post‐surgery. A histometric analysis assessed vertical regeneration of alveolar bone and the width of the alveolar crest at the base of the defect. Because of the correlation of within‐dog measurements, a mixed model anova/ancova was used to analyse the data.Results: A significant relationship between the width of the alveolar crest at the base of the defect and bone regeneration was observed with no significant difference between sites receiving the different treatments (p=0.84). Bone regeneration at sites treated with the space‐providing device was significantly greater compared with that at sites treated with sham surgery (p=0.0003), and the difference remained significant after adjusting for bone width (p=0.0001).Conclusions: Space provision has a significant effect on alveolar bone regeneration in periodontal sites. The width of the alveolar bone appears to influence space provision effectively supporting bone regeneration.
Evaluation of dentin abrasion during professional tooth cleaning in an in vitro model
Authors: Zimmer S. , Barthel C. R. , Coffman L. , Raab W. H.‐M. , Hefferren J. J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjectives: Professional tooth cleaning (PTC) may lead to loss of exposed dentin. The aim of the present study was to determine the absolute loss of dentin during PTC using various product combinations with an in vitro model.Material and Methods: Dentin specimens (72) were randomly assigned to nine groups. In four groups each, prophy brushes and prophy cups were used in combination with four different abrasives (calcium pyrophosphate, pumice, Hawe cleanic, Nupro coarse). In the ninth group, a rubber cup with embedded fluoride and abrasives was used (pasteless prophy cup). The treatment time was 37 s. Surface loss was determined by profilometry.Results: The surface loss in the nine groups was as following: (1) brush/calcium pyrophosphate: 6.18 μm (a); (2) brush/pumice: 5.51 μm; (3) brush/Nupro coarse: 10.10 μm (b); (4) brush/Hawe cleanic: 1.88 (a, b); (5) prophy cup/calcium pyrophosphate 2.07 (c); (6) prophy cup/pumice: 6.07 μm; (7) prophy cup/Nupro coarse: 5.93 μm (c); (8) prophy cup/Hawe cleanic: 4.93 μm (c); (9) pasteless prophy cup: 11.86 μm (c). Groups with the same letter in parentheses are statistically significant different at p<0.05. In a pooled analysis, no statistically significant difference between brushes and prophy cups was found.Conclusion: In the present study, the surface loss of about eight PTC procedures was simulated. Hence, the dentin loss ranged between 0.24 and 1.48 μm per PTC. Therefore, PTC does not seem to be a main factor in dentin loss.
The natural history of periodontal disease in humans: risk factors for tooth loss in caries‐free subjects receiving no oral health care
Authors: Neely Anthony L. , Holford Theodore R. , Löe Harald , Ånerud Åge , Boysen Hans 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAim: No long‐term studies have reported on risk factors for tooth loss in subjects without home or professional dental care. The purpose of this report is to identify potential risk factors for tooth loss among male Sri Lankan tea labourers who participated in a 20‐year investigation of the natural history of periodontal disease.Material and Methods: Data for this report were obtained from the 455 subjects who participated in multiple examinations over the 20‐year period from 1970 to 1990. Analyses included data from interim examinations in 1971, 1973, 1977, 1982 and 1985. Oral health assessments included the following: (1) attachment levels in millimetres on all mesial and mesio‐buccal surfaces, excluding third molars; (2) plaque index; (3) gingival index; (4) calculus index; (5) caries index; and (6) missing teeth. Other variables included age, history of smoking and betel nut use. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and multivariate repeated‐measures modelling with generalized estimating equations.Results: Tooth loss was significantly dependent upon interactions between the mean attachment loss and betel nut use (Z=3.40; p=0.0007) and history of missing teeth (Z=−3.70; p=0.0002). The effect of attachment loss on tooth loss was increased in the presence of betel nut and diminished when teeth were already missing at baseline.Conclusion: History of missing teeth, betel nut use and increasing attachment loss were significant predictors of tooth loss over time. Betel nut use increased the effect of attachment loss on loss of teeth, while history of missing teeth diminished the effect of attachment loss on tooth loss.
ONION FLAVOR RECOVERY IN THE PROCESS OF ADSORPTION AND SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE DESORPTION
Authors: GUYER DANIEL E. , SAENGCHAROENRAT CHULAPORN , LIRA CARL T. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT Recovery of onion oil from onion juice was accomplished by adsorption of onion oil onto a polymeric adsorbent prior to supercritical carbon dioxide desorption. At 20.7 MPa, 37C, with a carbon dioxide flow rate of 1 L standard temperature and pressure (STP) per minute, an increase in the amount of onion juice used to load the adsorbent from 1 to 6 L resulted in an increase in the gravimetric yield of onion oil desorbed by weight. Additionally, the weight of onion oil desorbed per volume of carbon dioxide used increased. However, the gravimetric yield of onion oil by percentage with respect to the amount of onion juice fed through the adsorbent decreased.
WEIGHT LOSS OF PRECOOKED CHICKEN BREAST COOLED BY VACUUM APPLICATION
Authors: HUBER E. , LAURINDO J.B. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT Good manufacturing practices in the food industries that process meat demand fast cooling after cooking. Vacuum cooling is a good alternative for this purpose, in spite of the weight loss associated with water evaporation. The influence of pressure drop on this weight loss was investigated for precooked chicken breast pieces. It was observed that lower evacuation rates reduced the weight losses during vacuum‐cooling experiments. A simple numerical simulation was able to predict weight losses of breast chicken, whose results agreed very well with experimental results, showing that it is possible to monitor indirectly the weight losses by means of time–temperature data. The chicken breast samples were cooled from about 90C to about 20C in no more than 10 min by applying vacuum. Therefore, vacuum cooling may be a good technique for the integration of the cooking and cooling processes and saving energy and processing time.
Crystal Structure of the Bacterial YhcH Protein Indicates a Role in Sialic Acid Catabolism
Authors: Teplyakov Alexey , Obmolova Galina , Toedt John , Galperin Michael Y. , Gilliland Gary L. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT

The
yhcH
gene is part of the
nan
operon in bacteria that encodes proteins involved in sialic acid catabolism. Determination of the crystal structure of YhcH from
Haemophilus influenzae
was undertaken as part of a structural genomics effort in order to assist with the functional assignment of the protein. The structure was determined at 2.2-Å resolution by multiple-wavelength anomalous diffraction. The protein fold is a variation of the double-stranded β-helix. Two antiparallel β-sheets form a funnel opened at one side, where a putative active site contains a copper ion coordinated to the side chains of two histidine and two carboxylic acid residues. A comparison to other proteins with a similar fold and analysis of the genomic context suggested that YhcH may be a sugar isomerase involved in processing of exogenous sialic acid.
Identification of a 123-Kilodalton Protein (Gli123) Involved in Machinery for Gliding Motility of
Mycoplasma mobile
Authors: Uenoyama Atsuko , Miyata Makoto 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT

Mycoplasma mobile
glides on a glass surface in the direction of its tapered end by an unknown mechanism. Two large proteins, Gli349 and Gli521, were recently reported to be involved in glass binding and force generation/transmission, respectively, in
M. mobile
gliding. These proteins are coded tandemly with two other open reading frames (ORFs) in the order
p123-gli349-gli521-p42
on the genome. In the present study, reverse transcriptase PCR analysis suggested that these four ORFs are transcribed cistronically. To characterize the
p123
gene coding a 123-kDa protein (Gli123) of 1,128 amino acids, we raised polyclonal antibody against the Gli123 protein. Immunoblotting for Gli123 revealed that Gli123 was missing in a mutant strain, m12, which was previously isolated and characterized by a deficiency in glass binding. Sequencing analysis showed a nonsense mutation at the 523rd amino acid of the protein in the m12 mutant. Immunofluorescence microscopy with the polyclonal antibody showed that Gli123 is localized at the head-like protrusion's base, the cell neck, which is specialized for gliding, as observed for Gli349 and Gli521. Localization of the gliding proteins, Gli349 and Gli521, was disturbed in the m12 mutant, suggesting that Gli123 is essential for the positioning of gliding proteins in the cell neck.