bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ agonist troglitazone induces colon tumors in normal C57BL/6J mice and enhances colonic carcinogenesis in Apc1638 N/+Mlh1+/− double mutant mice
Authors: Yang Kan , Fan Kun‐Hua , Lamprecht Sergio A. , Edelmann Winfried , Kopelovich Levy , Kucherlapati Raju , Lipkin Martin 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe role of the nuclear peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ) in colon tumorigenesis remains controversial. Notwithstanding evidence that PPAR‐γ ligands impede murine colorectal carcinogenesis, PPAR‐γ agonists have been shown to enhance in vivo tumor formation in mouse models of human colon cancer. Our study was designed to determine whether troglitazone (TGZ) induces colonic tumor formation in normal C57BL/6J mice and enhances colorectal carcinogenesis in double mutant Apc1638N/+Mlh1+/− mice fed a standard AIN‐76A diet. We report herein that not only does TGZ enhance carcinogenesis in the large intestine of mutant mice predisposed to intestinal carcinogenesis but TGZ also induces colonic tumors in normal mice without gene targeting or carcinogen administration. This observation indicates that preexisting mutational events are not necessary for induction of colonic tumors by activated PPAR‐γ in vivo. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss of Cyclin B1 followed by downregulation of Cyclin A/Cdk2, apoptosis and antiproliferation in Hela cell line
Authors: Xie Xian He , An Hee Jung , Kang Suki , Hong Sunghui , Choi Yoon Pyo , Kim Young Tae , Choi Young Deuk , Cho Nam Hoon 
Published: April 2005

AbstractRecent studies have shown that Cyclin B1 is overexpressed in various tumor types but present at low levels in normal tissues. To explore the possibility of employing Cyclin B1 as an anticancer target, we knocked down Cyclin B1 in an HeLa cell line using RNA interference (RNAi). Subsequently, we monitored cell cycle‐related molecules by Western blot together with immunofluorescence and determined cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry. XTT and soft agar colony growth experiments were performed to detect cell viability and proliferation. Furthermore, we analyzed cell apoptosis by measuring Bcl‐2 and Bax protein level and DNA‐ladder assay. After performing Cyclin B1 RNAi, Cyclin B1, Cyclin A and Cdk2 protein levels were found to be markedly downregulated, whereas Cdc2 was almost unaffected; S‐phase fraction increased significantly; HeLa cell viability and cell colony forming ability were markedly diminished after the RNAi; Bcl‐2 was noticeably attenuated but Bax was hardly changed; and HeLa cells displayed typical DNA ladder. The loss of Cyclin B1 resulted in the downregulation of Cyclin A and Cdk2, S‐phase delay and eventually led to cell apoptosis and the decrease of cell viability and proliferation. Our studies suggest that Cyclin B1 may be a promising anticancer target. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk factors for thyroid cancer: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Navarro Silvera Stephanie A. , Miller Anthony B. , Rohan Thomas E. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractGiven the higher incidence rate of thyroid cancer among women compared to men and evidence that smoking and alcohol consumption may be inversely related to thyroid cancer risk, we examined thyroid cancer risk in association with menstrual, reproductive and hormonal factors, and cigarette and alcohol consumption, in a prospective cohort study of 89,835 Canadian women aged 40–59 at recruitment who were enrolled in the National Breast Screening Study (NBSS). Linkages to national cancer and mortality databases yielded data on cancer incidence and deaths from all causes, respectively, with follow‐up ending between 1998 and 2000. Cox proportional hazards models (using age as the time scale) were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between each of the potential risk factors and risk of thyroid cancer overall and by the main histologic subtypes. During a mean of 15.9 years of follow‐up, we observed 169 incident thyroid cancer cases. There was no evidence of altered overall thyroid cancer risk with any of the menstrual, reproductive, or hormonal factors. There was evidence of a decreased risk of papillary thyroid cancer among women with 5 or more live births (vs. nulliparous). Age at which smoking commenced, duration of smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day, pack‐years of smoking and alcohol consumption were not associated with altered thyroid cancer risk. The present study provides little support for associations with hormonal factors, smoking, or alcohol consumption, but there is a need for additional prospective data. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel platinum(IV) complexes induce rapid tumor cell death in vitro
Authors: Kaludjerović Goran N. , Miljković Djordje , Momcilović Miljana , Djinović Vesna M. , Stojković Marija Mostarica , Sabo Tibor J. , Trajković Vladimir 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe anticancer activity of platinum complexes has been known since the discovery of classical Pt(II)‐based drug cisplatin. However, Pt(IV) complexes have greater inertness than corresponding Pt(II) complexes, thus allowing the oral administration and reducing the toxicity associated with platinum‐based chemotherapy. Here, we describe the in vitro antitumor activity of some novel Pt(IV)‐based agents against mouse fibrosarcoma L929 cells and human astrocytoma U251 cells. The cytotoxicity of 2 Pt(IV) complexes with bidentate ethylenediamine‐N,N′‐di‐3‐propanoato esters was found to be markedly higher than that of their Pt(II) counterparts and comparable to the antitumor action of cisplatin. In contrast to cisplatin, which caused oxidative stress‐independent apoptotic cell death of tumor cells, these Pt(IV) complexes induced oxygen radical‐mediated tumor cell necrosis. Importantly, the cytotoxic action of novel Pt(IV) complexes was markedly more rapid than that of cisplatin, indicating their potential usefulness in anticancer therapy. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Periodically expanding discounted debt: a threat to fiscal policy sustainability?
Authors: Davig Troy 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis paper models the behaviour of discounted US debt using a Markov‐switching time series model. The significance of modelling fiscal policy within this framework derives from the implications it has for long‐term sustainability. The two‐regime framework used in this paper identifies periods where the present value of US Federal debt is expanding versus periods when it is collapsing. Using an updated data series from Hamilton and Flavin (1986), a test is conducted to establish if the expanding periods pose a threat to the long‐run sustainability of fiscal policy. For the USA, it is found that they do not. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A topological lower bound for the circular chromatic number of Schrijver graphs
Authors: Meunier Frédéric 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we prove that the Kneser graphs defined on a ground set of n elements, where n is even, have their circular chromatic numbers equal to their chromatic numbers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 49: 257–261, 2005
What is the role of muscle receptors in proprioception?
Authors: Proske Uwe 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe role of muscle afferents is discussed in terms of their contribution to kinesthesia, the senses of position and movement of the limbs. It is argued that muscle spindles are not well suited as position sensors, on several grounds. Yet we know from muscle vibration experiments that they do contribute to kinesthesia. A number of recent experiments have shown that positional information is of particular significance to the central nervous system. In other experiments it has been demonstrated that a disturbance to kinesthesia follows fatigue from exercise. Fatigue of elbow flexor muscles led subjects to make significant positional errors in a forearm matching task. The size of the errors correlated with the fall in force from fatigue. These data suggest that we derive a positional cue from the effort required to hold a limb against the force of gravity. A challenge for the future will be to reveal how the centrally derived sense of effort and peripherally derived afferent information interact to give us our kinesthetic sense. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Exact solution of the centralized network design problem on directed graphs
Authors: Gzara Fatma , Goffin Jean‐Louis 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe present a novel exact solution method for the centralized network design problem on directed graphs. The problem is modeled as the well‐known graph theoretic problem: the capacitated directed spanning tree problem. We propose a Lagrangian relaxation where the subproblem is a directed spanning tree with a degree constraint on the root. The master problem has an exponential number of constraints and variables. To solve it, we present a cut‐and‐column generation algorithm based on analytic centers. The latter solves a restricted master problem using a primal analytic center cutting plane method and strengthens the bound by generating columns that correspond to violated primal constraints. The Lagrangian bound is embedded within branch‐and‐bound leading to an interior point branch‐and‐price algorithm with cut generation. We use a dual interior point method to warm start the solution of the restricted master problem both after adding columns and after branching. We present numerical results indicating that the proposed approach outperforms the literature on the directed case. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 45(4), 181–192 2005
A simple protocol for deniable authentication based on ElGamal cryptography
Authors: Wang Yingjie , Li Jianhua , Tie Ling 
Published: April 2005

AbstractDeniable authentication is different from traditional authentication in that the receiver cannot prove the source of a given message to a third party. This article presents a new deniable authentication protocol, based on ElGamal cryptography. The protocol meets the two properties of deniable authentication and can withstand person‐in‐middle (PIM) attacks. Compared with previous schemes, it is simpler and more efficient. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 45(4), 193–194 2005
Efficient neighborhood search for the Probabilistic Pickup and Delivery Travelling Salesman Problem
Authors: Beraldi Patrizia , Ghiani Gianpaolo , Laporte Gilbert , Musmanno Roberto 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn this article the probabilistic Pickup and Delivery Travelling Salesman Problem is studied and an efficient neighborhood search procedure is developed. This procedure requires O(n3) computations for the evaluation of the neighborhood of a given solution while the straightforward approach has an O(n5)complexity. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 45(4), 195–198 2005
D‐Hillarin, a novel W180‐domain protein, affects cytokinesis through interaction with the septin family member Pnut
Authors: Ji Yun , Rath Uttama , Girton Jack , Johansen Kristen M. , Johansen Jørgen 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBy database searches of the Drosophila genome project we have identified D‐hil as the fly member of a novel family of W180‐domain containing proteins. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated that D‐hil is localized to the neuropil of the embryonic CNS, to the cellular cortex of dividing neuroblasts from larval brains, and that it is up‐regulated in the cleavage furrow of S2 cells. We show that D‐hil distribution overlaps extensively with that of the septin family member Pnut. Cross‐immunoprecipitation experiments further indicated that the two proteins may be members of the same protein complex. Analysis of a severe hypomorphic P‐element mutation in the D‐hil locus suggested that D‐hil is a nonessential protein. However, by creating double mutant flies we show that the D‐hil locus acts as a modulator of Pnut function by increasing the level of polyploidy of neuroblasts in PnutKG00478/PnutKG00478 larval brains. Based on these results we propose that D‐hil may function as a regulator of septin function during cytokinesis in the developing nervous system. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2005
Synaptic thermoprotection in a desert‐dwellingDrosophilaspecies
Authors: Newman Amy E.M. , Xiao Chengfeng , Robertson R. Meldrum 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSynaptic transmission is a critical mechanism for transferring information from the nervous system to the body. Environmental stress, such as extreme temperature, can disrupt synaptic transmission and result in death. Previous work on larvalDrosophilahas shown that prior heat‐shock exposure protects synaptic transmission against failure during subsequent thermal stress. This induced thermoprotection has been ascribed to an up‐regulation of the inducible heat‐shock protein, Hsp70. However, the mechanisms mediatingnaturalthermoprotection in the wild are unknown. We compared synaptic thermosensitivity betweenD. melanogasterand a desert species,D. arizonae.Synaptic thermosensitivity and the functional limits of the related locomotor behavior differed significantly between closely related, albeit ecologically distinct species. Locomotory behavior of wandering third instarD. arizonaelarvae was less thermosensitive and the upper temperature limit of locomotory function exceeded that ofD. melanogasterby 6°C. Behavioral results corresponded with significantly lower synaptic thermosensitivity at the neuromuscular junction inD. arizonae. Prior heat‐shock protected onlyD. melanogasterby increasing relative excitatory junctional potential (EJP) duration, the time required for EJP failure at 40°C, and the incidence of EJP recovery following heat‐induced failure. Hsp70 induction profiles following heat‐shock demonstrate up‐regulation of inducible Hsp70 inD. melanogasterbut not inD. arizonae. However, expression of Hsp70 under control conditions is greater inD. arizonae. These results suggest that the mechanisms of natural thermoprotection involve an increase in baseline Hsp70 expression. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2005
Estrogen provision by reactive glia decreases apoptosis in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)
Authors: Saldanha Colin J. , Rohmann Kevin N. , Coomaralingam Luckshman , Wynne Ryan D. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractUpregulation of aromatase (estrogen synthase) in glia around the site of neural injury may limit neural degeneration. Systemic administration of estrogen limits neural damage, but the specific role of local estrogen provision in this effect is unclear. In male zebra finches, we tested the effect of local aromatase inhibition and estrogen replacement on type of cellular degeneration and the distance of this degeneration from the source of insult. Subjects received injections of the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole into one telencephalic lobe and fadrozole and estradiol into the contralateral lobe. Seventy‐two hours later, we used Fluoro‐Jade B and TUNEL to label dying and apoptotic cells, respectively. Since each subject was its own control, we were able to assess the influence of local estrogen replacement in relative distinction from circulating steroids and constitutive aromatization. Cellular degeneration around the lesion was measured with Fluoro‐Jade B, TUNEL, and indirectly with aromatase expression. Additionally, the glial nature of aromatase‐positive cells around the injury was queried by co‐localization with vimentin. The estrogen replaced injury had fewer apoptotic cells clustered more closely around the injury compared to the hemisphere injected with fadrozole alone. Since Fluoro‐Jade B and TUNEL labeled similar numbers of cells, and the distance of these cells from the injection was identical, we suggest that estrogen replacement functions primarily to restrict apoptosis in the current paradigm. Lastly, aromatase‐positive cells around injuries co‐localize vimentin, establishing their glial nature. Thus, glial estrogen provision at sites of neural insult may be critical in limiting the cellular degeneration caused by injury via an inhibition of apoptosis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2005
Living radical photopolymerization induced grafting on thiol–ene based substrates
Authors: Reddy Sirish K. , Sebra Robert P. , Anseth Kristi S. , Bowman Christopher N. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe formation of reactive substrates with iniferter‐mediated living radical photopolymerization is a powerful technique for surface modification, which can readily be used to facilitate the incorporation of a variety of surface functionalities. In this research, the photopolymerization kinetics of novel bulk thiol–ene systems have been compared with those of typical acrylate and methacrylate systems when polymerized in the presence of the photoiniferter p‐xylene bis(N,N‐diethyl dithiocarbamate) (XDT). In the presence of XDT, the thiol–ene systems photopolymerize more quickly than the traditional acrylate and methacrylate systems by one to two orders of magnitude. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been used to monitor the photografting kinetics of various monomers on dithiocarbamate‐functionalized surfaces. Furthermore, this technique has been used to evaluate surface‐initiation kinetics and to emphasize the influence of bulk substrate properties on grafting kinetics. Finally, photopatterning has been demonstrated on a dithiocarbamate‐incorporated thiol–ene substrate with conventional photolithographic techniques. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 2134–2144, 2005
Synthesis of polymeric microspheres from a Merrifield resin by surface‐initiated nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization
Authors: Bian Kejian , Cunningham Michael F. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPolymeric microspheres were prepared from a Merrifield resin via nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization. Polystyrene, poly(acetoxystyrene), and poly[styrene‐b‐(methyl methacrylate‐co‐styrene)], poly(acetoxystyrene‐b‐styrene), and poly(styrene‐co‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) copolymers were demonstrated to graft onto 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxy nitroxide bound Merrifield resins. The polymerization control was enhanced both on the surface and in solution by the addition of sacrificial nitroxide. The significant increase in the particle diameter (more than a fivefold volume increase for polystyrene brushes) showed that polymer growth was not only on the surface but also within the particles, and this diameter increase could be adjusted through changes in the molecular weight of the polymers. The microspheres were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, particle size analysis, and optical microscopy. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 2145–2154, 2005
Development of detailed action plans in the event of a sodium hydride spill/fire
Authors: Fluegeman Claire , Hilton Timothy , Moder Kenneth P. , Stankovich Robert 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) has developed a process for managing chemical reactivity hazards, such as water‐reactive/pyrophoric sodium hydride. This coupled with a recent fire while handling sodium hydride, at a pharmaceutical production facility, revealed gaps in the handling and emergency response process as well as in the emergency response materials used for spills of sodium hydride. A detailed action plan (DAP) was developed for personnel handling sodium hydride, as well as emergency first responders. The DAP identified actions in the event of a spill or fire for material handlers, emergency first responders, and the subsequent safe disposition of the contained material. Development of the DAP for sodium hydride required in‐house testing of various fire‐extinguishing agents and the benchmarking of best practices within the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. The optimum method or template chosen to develop the DAP was adaptable to conditions both in warehouses and in production buildings. Laboratory testing followed by field testing with up to 0.5 kg of sodium hydride identified damp sand in combination with liquid nitrogen as the superior agents to smother, contain, and permit transport to a suitable disposition area for destruction of unreacted sodium hydride. The template and method used to create the sodium hydride DAP may have applications for other water‐reactive/pyrophoric reagents.The use of wet sand with liquid nitrogen as a smothering agent promises to be a unique and potentially breakthrough method for smothering and transporting spilled water‐reactive/pyrophoric reagents. Additional testing is planned for other water‐reactive/pyrophoric reagents to assess the use of these emergency response materials and to develop additional DAPs. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog
First‐principles study on atom order and stability of GaInS3(CdS)m natural superlattices
Authors: Ishikawa Masato , Nakayama Takashi 
Published: April 2005

AbstractGaInS3(CdS)m is the layered natural superlattice system made of the combination of II–VI and III–VI group semiconductors. Atom order of this system was investigated by using the first‐principles calculation. It was shown that the CdS layers are located inside the GaInS3 layers when their thickness is small, m < 2, while they are located outside the GaInS3 as their thickness increases, large than m = 2. This change of atom order occurs due to the electric field between GaS and InS layers and causes the band‐gap variation as a function of the CdS layer thickness. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ultrathin metal layers to convert surface polarity of nitride semiconductors
Authors: Nakayama T. , Mikami J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe possibility of the surface‐polarity conversion of AlN upon the deposition of ultrathin Al metal layers is investigated by the first‐principles theoretical calculations. It is shown that, reflecting the crystal structures of underlying layers and the binding‐energy difference between Al–N and Al–Al bonds, the surface‐polarity conversion from N‐face to Al‐face polarity becomes possible only when the deposited Al metal layers have wurtzite structure and two‐monolayer thickness. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Anatoxins and degradation products, determined using hybrid quadrupole time‐of‐flight and quadrupole ion‐trap mass spectrometry: forensic investigations of cyanobacterial neurotoxin poisoning
Authors: James Kevin J. , Crowley Janet , Hamilton Brett , Lehane Mary , Skulberg Olav , Furey Ambrose 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe potent neurotoxins from cyanobacteria, anatoxin‐a (AN), its methyl analogue, homoanatoxin‐a (HMAN), and their degradation products, have been studied using nano‐electrospray hybrid quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (QqTOF‐MS). The anatoxin degradation products, which are readily produced in vivo by either reduction or epoxidation, were also examined in this study. The high mass accuracy QqTOF‐MS data was used to confirm formula assignments for major product ions and quadrupole ion‐trap (QIT)‐MS was used to construct fragmentation pathways for anatoxins. Significant differences between these fragmentation pathways were observed. Comparisons between the spectra of compounds that differ in side‐chain length (the AN and HMAN series) were used to identify ions that are characteristic of the homologues. The application to forensic samples in which the principal neurotoxin had undergone rapid biodegradation has been demonstrated and used to confirm anatoxin poisoning of dogs. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.