bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explainable artificial intelligence for searching frequency characteristics in Parkinson’s disease tremor
Authors: Lee Rui En , Chan Ping Yi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe distinction between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) tremors is subtle, posing challenges in differentiation. To accurately classify the PD and ET, BiLSTM-based recurrent neural networks are employed to classify between normal patients (N), PD patients, and ET patients using accelerometry data on their lower arm (L), hand (H), and upper arm (U) as inputs. The trained recurrent neural network (RNN) has reached 80% accuracy. The neural network is analyzed using layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) to understand the internal workings of the neural network. A novel explainable AI method, called LRP-based approximate linear weights (ALW), is introduced to identify the similarities in relevance when assigning the class scores in the neural network. The ALW functions as a 2D kernel that linearly transforms the input data directly into the class scores, which significantly reduces the complexity of analyzing the neural network. This new classification method reconstructs the neural network’s original function, achieving a 73% PD and ET tremor classification accuracy. By analyzing the ALWs, the correlation between each input and the class can also be determined. Then, the differentiating features can be subsequently identified. Since the input is preprocessed using short-time Fourier transform (STFT), the differences between the magnitude of tremor frequencies ranging from 3 to 30 Hz in the mean N, PD, and ET subjects are successfully identified. Aside from matching the current medical knowledge on frequency content in the tremors, the differentiating features also provide insights about frequency contents in the tremors in other frequency bands and body parts.
Moschus ameliorates glutamate-induced cellular damage by regulating autophagy and apoptosis pathway
Authors: Xie Danni , Song Caiyou , Qin Tao , Zhai Zhenwei , Cai Jie , Dai Jingyi , Sun Tao , Xu Ying 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, causes short-term memory and cognition declines. It is estimated that one in three elderly people die from AD or other dementias. Chinese herbal medicine as a potential drug for treating AD has gained growing interest from many researchers. Moschus, a rare and valuable traditional Chinese animal medicine, was originally documented in Shennong Ben Cao Jing and recognized for its properties of reviving consciousness/resuscitation. Additionally, Moschus has the efficacy of “regulation of menstruation with blood activation, relief of swelling and pain” and is used for treating unconsciousness, stroke, coma, and cerebrovascular diseases. However, it is uncertain whether Moschus has any protective effect on AD patients. We explored whether Moschus could protect glutamate (Glu)-induced PC12 cells from cellular injury and preliminarily explored their related action mechanisms. The chemical compounds of Moschus were analyzed and identified by GC–MS. The Glu-induced differentiated PC12 cell model was thought to be the common AD cellular model. The study aims to preliminarily investigate the intervention effect of Moschus on Glu-induced PC12 cell damage as well as their related action mechanisms. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell apoptosis, autophagic vacuoles, autolysosomes or autophagosomes, proteins related to apoptosis, and the proteins related to autophagy were examined and analyzed. Seventeen active compounds of the Moschus sample were identified based on GC–MS analysis. In comparison to the control group, Glu stimulation increased cell viability loss, LDH release, mitochondrial damage, loss of MMP, apoptosis rate, and the number of cells containing autophagic vacuoles, and autolysosomes or autophagosomes, while these results were decreased after the pretreatment with Moschus and 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Furthermore, Glu stimulation significantly increased cleaved caspase-3, Beclin1, and LC3II protein expression, and reduced B-cell lymphoma 2/BAX ratio and p62 protein expression, but these results were reversed after pretreatment of Moschus and 3-MA. Moschus has protective activity in Glu-induced PC12 cell injury, and the potential mechanism might involve the regulation of autophagy and apoptosis. Our study may promote research on Moschus in the field of neurodegenerative diseases, and Moschus may be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for AD.
A multidomain bio-inspired feature extraction and selection model for diabetic retinopathy severity classification: an ensemble learning approach
Authors: Uppamma Posham , Bhattacharya Sweta 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDiabetes retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness globally. Early detection of this condition is essential for preventing patients' loss of eyesight caused by diabetes mellitus being untreated for an extended period. This paper proposes the design of an augmented bioinspired multidomain feature extraction and selection model for diabetic retinopathy severity estimation using an ensemble learning process. The proposed approach initiates by identifying DR severity levels from retinal images that segment the optical disc, macula, blood vessels, exudates, and hemorrhages using an adaptive thresholding process. Once the images are segmented, multidomain features are extracted from the retinal images, including frequency, entropy, cosine, gabor, and wavelet components. These data were fed into a novel Modified Moth Flame Optimization-based feature selection method that assisted in optimal feature selection. Finally, an ensemble model using various ML (machine learning) algorithms, which included Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbours, Support Vector Machine, Multilayer Perceptron, Random Forests, and Logistic Regression were used to identify the various severity complications of DR. The experiments on different openly accessible data sources have shown that the proposed method outperformed conventional methods and achieved an Accuracy of 96.5% in identifying DR severity levels.
The anticancer and antibacterial potential of bioactive secondary metabolites derived From bacterial endophytes in association with Artemisia absinthium
Authors: Damavandi Mohammad Sadegh , Shojaei Hasan , Esfahani Bahram Nasr 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe continuous search for secondary metabolites in microorganisms isolated from untapped reservoirs is an effective prospective approach to drug discovery. In this study, an in-depth analysis was conducted to investigate the diversity of culturable bacterial endophytes present in the medicinal plant A. absinthium, as well as the antibacterial and anticancer potential of their bioactive secondary metabolites. The endophytic bacteria recovered from A. absinthium, were characterized via the implementation of suitable biochemical and molecular analyses. Agar well diffusion and broth microdilution were used to screen antibacterial activity. SEM was performed to assess the impact of the extracted metabolite on MRSA strain cell morphology. Apoptosis and cytotoxicity assays were used to evaluate anticancer activity against MCF7 and A549. The FTIR, GC–MS were used to detect bioactive compounds in the active solvent fraction. Of the various endophytic bacteria studied, P. aeruginosa SD01 showed discernible activity against both bacterial pathogens and malignancies. The crude ethyl acetate extract of P. aeruginosa SD01 showed MICs of 32 and 128 µg/mL for S. aureus and MRSA, respectively. SEM examination demonstrated MRSA bacterial cell lysis, hole development, and intracellular leaking. This study revealed that the crude bioactive secondary metabolite SD01 has potent anticancer activity. In this study, 2-aminoacetophenone, 1,2-apyrazine-1,4-dione, phenazine and 2-phenyl-4-cyanopyridine were the major bioactive secondary metabolites. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the bacteria recovered from A. absinthium plants and in particular, P. aeruginosa SD01 is a remarkable source of untapped therapeutic, i.e., antimicrobial and anticancer compounds.
The effect of probiotic supplementation on the clinical and para-clinical findings of multiple sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Asghari Kimia Motlagh , Dolatkhah Neda , Ayromlou Hormoz , Mirnasiri Fatemeh , Dadfar Taher , Hashemian Maryam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelination disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The gut-brain axis involves communication between the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Probiotics can positively impact immune and inflammatory responses by regulating gut microbiota. A total of 40 MS patients (average age of 34.38 ± 6.65) were examined to determine the effect of the Saccharomyces boulardii supplement for four months compared to a placebo. The results showed that the Saccharomyces boulardii significantly decreased the inflammatory marker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) compared to the placebo (P < 0.001). The serum antioxidant capacity (TAC) also increased significantly in the probiotic group compared to the placebo (p = 0.004). Both the probiotic and placebo groups showed a reduction in the oxidative stress indicator malondialdehyde (MDA), but there was no significant difference between the two groups. Pain intensity (measured by Visual Analogue Scale) and fatigue severity (measured by Fatigue Severity Scale) significantly decreased in the probiotic group compared to the placebo (p = 0.004 and p = 0.01, respectively). The probiotic group experienced significant improvement in some quality of life scales (measured by 36-Item Short Form Survey) and somatic and social dysfunction subscale of General Health Questionnaire scores compared to the placebo group (p = 0.01). The study suggests that the Saccharomyces boulardii probiotic supplement may benefit inflammatory markers, oxidative stress indicators, pain, fatigue, and quality of life in MS patients.
Zeb2 regulates differentiation of long-lived effector of invariant natural killer T cells
Authors: Iyoda Tomonori , Shimizu Kanako , Endo Takaho , Watanabe Takashi , Taniuchi Ichiro , Aoshima Honoka , Satoh Mikiko , Nakazato Hiroshi , Yamasaki Satoru , Fujii Shin-ichiro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAfter activation, some invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are differentiated into Klrg1+ long-lived effector NKT1 cells. However, the regulation from the effector phase to the memory phase has not been elucidated. Zeb2 is a zinc finger E homeobox-binding transcription factor and is expressed in a variety of immune cells, but its function in iNKT cell differentiation remains also unknown. Here, we show that Zeb2 is dispensable for development of iNKT cells in the thymus and their maintenance in steady state peripheral tissues. After ligand stimulation, Zeb2 plays essential roles in the differentiation to and maintenance of Klrg1+ Cx3cr1+GzmA+ iNKT cell population derived from the NKT1 subset. Our results including single-cell-RNA-seq analysis indicate that Zeb2 regulates Klrg1+ long-lived iNKT cell differentiation by preventing apoptosis. Collectively, this study reveals the crucial transcriptional regulation by Zeb2 in establishment of the memory iNKT phase through driving differentiation of Klrg1+ Cx3cr1+GzmA+ iNKT population.
Trem2 promotes foamy macrophage lipid uptake and survival in atherosclerosis
Authors: Patterson Michael T. , Firulyova Maria M. , Xu Yingzheng , Hillman Hannah , Bishop Courtney , Zhu Alisha , Hickok Grant H. , Schrank Patricia R. , Ronayne Christine E. , Caillot Zakariya , Fredrickson Gavin , Kennedy Ainsley E. , Acharya Nisha , Neels Jaap G. , Chinetti Giulia , Revelo Xavier , Stromnes Ingunn M. , Ivanov Stoyan , Bold Tyler D. , Zaitsev Konstantin , Williams Jesse W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAtherosclerosis is driven by the expansion of cholesterol-loaded ‘foamy’ macrophages in the arterial intima. Factors regulating foamy macrophage differentiation and survival in plaque remain poorly understood. Here we show, using trajectory analysis of integrated single-cell RNA sequencing data and a genome-wide CRISPR screen, that triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) is associated with foamy macrophage specification. Loss of Trem2 led to a reduced ability of foamy macrophages to take up oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Myeloid-specific deletion of Trem2 showed an attenuation of plaque progression, even when targeted in established atherosclerotic lesions, and was independent of changes in circulating cytokines, monocyte recruitment or cholesterol levels. Mechanistically, we link Trem2-deficient macrophages with a failure to upregulate cholesterol efflux molecules, resulting in impaired proliferation and survival. Overall, we identify Trem2 as a regulator of foamy macrophage differentiation and atherosclerotic plaque growth and as a putative therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
Scalable and efficient solar-driven atmospheric water harvesting enabled by bidirectionally aligned and hierarchically structured nanocomposites
Authors: Li Tingxian , Yan Taisen , Wang Pengfei , Xu Jiaxing , Huo Xiangyan , Bai Zhaoyuan , Shi Wen , Yu Guihua , Wang Ruzhu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExtracting water from air is a promising route to address the global challenge of water scarcity. Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH) has the capability of capturing water from air anytime and anywhere. However, low water production is a long-standing challenge for realizing efficient SAWH. Here we report a facile strategy to synthesize bidirectionally aligned and hierarchically structured nanocomposite (BHNC) for scalable and efficient SAWH. Benefiting from the synergetic effects of ordered hierarchical structures for accelerating vertically oriented moisture convection and radially oriented intrapore diffusion, the BHNC exhibits ultrahigh water uptake of 6.61 kgwater kgsorbent−1 and ultrafast water sorption kinetics, superior to the state-of-the-art sorbents. We further engineer a scalable and efficient solar-driven SAWH prototype by assembling BHNC arrays, demonstrating rapid-cycling and high-yielding water production up to 2,820 mlwater kgsorbent−1 day−1. This work provides new insights to bridge the gap between materials and devices for scalable, energy efficient and all-weather water harvesting from air powered by solar energy.
Raising Awareness About Language- and Culture-Specific Considerations in the Management of Dysarthria Associated With Parkinson's Disease Within the United States
Authors: Moya-Galé Gemma , Kim Yunjung , Fabiano Leah 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this article is to raise awareness about the importance of diverting from English-centric approaches in the management of dysarthria associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) in the United States, and embracing a language- and culture-specific perspective when working with linguistically and culturally diverse populations within the context of culturally responsive, precision medicine.

Method:
This tutorial is divided into two primary components: a critical review of language universal and language-specific characteristics of dysarthria associated with PD and their relationship with speech intelligibility, and a practical guide to culturally responsive evidence-based practice for speech-language pathologists.

Conclusions:
We offer a framework for linguistically and culturally appropriate considerations when working with clients with dysarthria associated with PD. While “universal” representations of dysarthria may be part of the big picture, language-specific contributions to speakers' intelligibility should be carefully examined to maximize treatment outcomes. Additionally, an evidence-based model that fully embraces clients' wishes and values within the context of culturally responsive, precision medicine should be prioritized, a practice that may include the use of interpreters.
Study of polarization conversion mechanism based on characteristic mode analysis
Authors: Guo Yue , Song Wei , Sheng Xin‐Qing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA theoretical explanation for the working mechanism of polarization conversion metasurfaces (PCMs) is provided based on characteristic mode analysis (CMA). When a PCM is illuminated by electromagnetic waves, certain characteristic modal currents will be excited. When the modal currents satisfy the polarization conversion condition, the PCM will generate the cross polarization as reflection. The proposed theory is verified by the characteristic mode investigation of typical PCMs by numerical simulation.
La articulación tibio fibular proximal es parte de la rodilla
Authors: Negrín Roberto , Valderrama Juanjose , Marín Felipe , Reyes Nicolás O , Soto Julio , Méndez Magdalena , Barahona Maximiliano 
Published: October 2023

ResuménLa articulación tibiofibular proximal es muy estable, se compone por 2 grandes complejos ligamentarios, el anterior y el posterior, lo que determina que su lesión sea infrecuente. Puede producirse inestabilidad de manera atraumática o traumática, siendo la inestabilidad anterolateral la más habitual, con disrupción del complejo ligamentario posterior.El cuadro clínico es variable; no obstante, se caracteriza por dolor a nivel de la cabeza fibular e inestabilidad de la articulación al examinarla. Por su parte, el estudio imagenológico comienza con la radiografía AP y lateral, pudiendo requerir estudios de mayor envergadura.Es una patología que suele ser subdiagnosticada, por lo que se requiere de un alto índice de sospecha.El tratamiento suele ser conservador, va a depender de la etiología y la temporalidad de la lesión. En casos de inestabilidad crónica, recurrencia o irreductibilidad, es probable que se requiera de un tratamiento quirúrgico, para lo cual existen múltiples técnicas descritas, sin superioridades demostradas hasta la fecha.
Behavioral designs defined: how to understand and why it is important to differentiate between “defensive,” “hostile,” “disciplinary”, and other designs in the urban landscape
Authors: de Fine Licht Karl 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn recent years, a growing discussion about how we should design our cities has emerged, particularly for the more controversial modes of design such as “defensive,” “hostile,” or “disciplinary” architecture (i.e., benches on which one cannot sleep, or metal studs on which one cannot skate). Although this debate is relatively mature, many studies have argued that these design notions are undertheorized and are, thus, challenging to study from an empirical and normative perspective. In this paper, I will define the most common terms used in the literature and show how they are interconnected by utilizing a set of “conditions of adequacy” from philosophy to facilitate a more transparent and well-grounded discussion of them. Terms such as “hostile” and “defensive” design are underlined by several different phenomena, not just one as is sometimes commonly assumed. I will also show that these phenomena and their conceptualizations require—and sometimes force us to use—different moral reasons when justifying the utilization of different designs.
Entrepreneurial activity in an environment of digital transformation: an analysis of relevant factors in the euro area
Authors: del Olmo-García Francisco , Crecente-Romero Fernando Javier , del Val-Núñez María Teresa , Sarabia-Alegría María 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe main feature of the current business reality is the speed of the changes in the environment and the uncertainty they generate. Among these changes, those which stand out for their importance are the ones related to the current digital revolution, which is changing, in a very short period of time, the companies’ business models. From this perspective, and based on panel data for the 2009–2020 period, the study seeks to examine in depth the technological and innovative factors which are related to the entrepreneurial density in euro area countries, with special emphasis on self-employed entrepreneurs. The results obtained show that greater robotization of industrial activities generates entrepreneurial opportunities, while investment in R&D by companies is negatively related to entrepreneurial activity. It is also noteworthy that public investment in R&D and the greater volume of employment in scientific-technological sectors has not been significant in the generation of entrepreneurial opportunities. These conclusions make it possible to identify economic policies to promote entrepreneurial activity, such as training and the generation of a favorable environment for digital innovation and artificial intelligence, but also the incentive for intrapreneurial activity in companies that invest in R&D.
Stem, leaf and cotyledon resistance responses to a prevalent Sclerotinia sclerotiorum pathotype in Australia highlight new opportunities to improve white mould resistance in common bean
Authors: Khan Muhammad Azam , Wentzel Dawid Brink , You Ming Pei , Norton Sally L. , Barbetti Martin J. 
Published: October 2023

Context White mould (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) inflicts major yield losses on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris); yet, commercial cultivars known for their high yields and market-adapted grains lack physiological resistance to this disease. Aims This study aimed to test diverse common bean genotypes for resistance in stem, leaf and cotyledon tissues. Methods Thirty-four common bean genotypes with a wide range of agronomic traits and grain types, including genotypes noted previously for susceptible and resistant responses to white mould, were inoculated with the prevalent S. sclerotiorum isolate MBRS-1. Then they were assessed for resistance in stem, leaf and cotyledon tissues under controlled environment conditions, by inoculating plants with a 105 mL−1 hyphal fragment concentration. Key results There was significant (P < 0.001) variation in resistance responses in stem, leaf and cotyledon tissues across the genotypes. Contender, ICA Bunsi, XAN 280 and Taisho-Kintoki showed the highest resistance in stems, whereas Norvell 2558, Pico de Oro, Sanilac, Othelo and Negro Argel exhibited notable resistance in leaves. Metis, Canario 107, Pico de Oro, Pogonion and Jubilejnaja 287 displayed the most resistance in cotyledons. Conclusions This is the first reported attempt to determine the response of common bean germplasm to a prevalent pathotype of S. sclerotiorum in Australia. Bean genotypes exhibiting high-level resistance to white mould identified in this study can be used as parental lines for crosses in common bean breeding programs and/or directly as improved cultivars. Implications The study highlighted both the value of screening under controlled environmental conditions to reliably locate new stem, leaf and/or cotyledon resistances and the possibility of using rapid cotyledon screening to indicate stem resistances because the expression of resistances in cotyledons generally correlated strongly with those in stems.