bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia-tolerant zooplankton may reduce biological carbon pump efficiency in the Humboldt current system off Peru
Authors: Engel Anja , Cisternas-Novoa Carolina , Hauss Helena , Kiko Rainer , Le Moigne Frédéric A. C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the ocean, downward flux of particles produced in sunlit surface waters is the major component of the biological carbon pump, which sequesters atmospheric carbon dioxide and fuels deep-sea ecosystems. The efficiency of downward carbon transfer is expected to be particularly high in tropical upwelling systems where hypoxia occurring beneath the productive surface waters is thought to hamper particle consumption. However, observations of both particle feeders and carbon export in low-oxygen waters are scarce. Here, we provide evidence that hypoxia-tolerant zooplankton feed on sinking particles in the extensive Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) off Peru. Using several arrays of drifting sediment traps and in situ imaging, we show geochemical and morphological transformations of sinking particles and substantial control of carbon export by zooplankton. Our findings challenge the assumption of a consistently efficient biological carbon pump in OMZs and further demonstrate the need to consider mesopelagic organisms when studying oceanic carbon sequestration.
Zea mays genotype influences microbial and viral rhizobiome community structure
Authors: Yadav Pooja , Quattrone Amanda , Yang Yuguo , Owens Jacob , Kiat Rebecca , Kuppusamy Thirumurugen , Russo Sabrina E , Weber Karrie A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Plant genotype is recognized to contribute to variations in microbial community structure in the rhizosphere, soil adherent to roots. However, the extent to which the viral community varies has remained poorly understood and has the potential to contribute to variation in soil microbial communities. Here we cultivated replicates of two Zea mays genotypes, parviglumis and B73, in a greenhouse and harvested the rhizobiome (rhizoplane and rhizosphere) to identify the abundance of cells and viruses as well as rhizobiome microbial and viral community using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and genome resolved metagenomics. Our results demonstrated that viruses exceeded microbial abundance in the rhizobiome of parviglumis and B73 with a significant variation in both the microbial and viral community between the two genotypes. Of the viral contigs identified only 4.5% (n = 7) of total viral contigs were shared between the two genotypes, demonstrating that plants even at the level of genotype can significantly alter the surrounding soil viral community. An auxiliary metabolic gene associated with glycoside hydrolase (GH5) degradation was identified in one viral metagenome-assembled genome (vOTU) identified in the B73 rhizobiome infecting Propionibacteriaceae (Actinobacteriota) further demonstrating the viral contribution in metabolic potential for carbohydrate degradation and carbon cycling in the rhizosphere. This variation demonstrates the potential of plant genotype to contribute to microbial and viral heterogeneity in soil systems and harbors genes capable of contributing to carbon cycling in the rhizosphere.
The lattice oxygen determines the methanol selectivity in CO2 hydrogenation over ZnZrOx catalysts
Authors: Mao Xiaoying , Zhang Yaping , Xu Yun , Zhou Yu , Zhuang Ke , Shen Kai , Ding Shipeng 
Published: December 2023

In the reaction of carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methanol, CO2 was adsorbed and activated on the oxygen vacancies neighboring Zr species, while the rate-limiting step H2 activation occurred in the Zn–O sites.
Presence of digestible starch impacts in vitro fermentation of resistant starch
Authors: Klostermann Cynthia E. , Endika Martha F. , Kouzounis Dimitrios , Buwalda Piet L. , de Vos Paul , Zoetendal Erwin G. , Bitter Johannes H. , Schols Henk A. 
Published: December 2023

Awareness is required for the presence of digestible starch when studying in vitro fermentation of resistant starch (RS). Such starch may steer and overrule the fermentation of RS, thereby affecting the evaluation of the prebiotic potential of RS.
Retracted Article: Understanding the essence of immersive marketing for educational services and knowledge transfer
Authors: Artyukhova Nadiia , Artyukhov Artem , Rehak Robert , Lyeonov Serhiy 
Published: December 2023

The authors have expressed the wish to retract this article on the grounds that the list of references is incorrect.
The Publisher and Editor(s) approved to the retraction.
Deep learning radiomics of multimodal ultrasound for classifying metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy into primary cancer sites: a feasibility study
Authors: Zhu Yangyang , Meng Zheling , Wu Hao , Fan Xiao , lv Wenhao , Tian Jie , Wang Kun , Nie Fang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose To investigate the feasibility of deep learning radiomics (DLR) based on multimodal ultrasound to differentiate the primary cancer sites of metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy (CLA).
Materials and Methods This study analyzed 280 biopsy-confirmed metastatic CLAs from 280 cancer patients, including 54 from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), 58 from thyroid cancer (TC), 92 from lung cancer (LC), and 76 from gastrointestinal cancer (GIC). Before biopsy, patients underwent conventional ultrasound (CUS), ultrasound elastography (UE), and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Based on CUS, DLR models using CUS, CUS+UE, CUS+CEUS, and CUS+UE+CEUS data were developed and compared. The best model was integrated with key clinical indicators selected by univariate analysis to achieve the best classification performance.
Results All DLR models achieved similar performance with respect to classifying four primary tumor sites of metastatic CLA (AUC:0.708~0.755). After integrating key clinical indicators (age, sex, and neck level), the US+UE+CEUS+clinical model yielded the best performance with an overall AUC of 0.822 in the validation cohort, but there was no significance compared with the basal CUS+clinical model (P>0.05), both of which identified metastasis from HNSCC, TC, LC, and GIC with 0.869 and 0.911, 0.838 and 0.916, 0.750 and 0.610, and 0.829 and 0.769, respectively.
Conclusion The ultrasound-based DLR model can be used to classify the primary cancer sites of metastatic CLA, and the CUS combined with clinical indicators is adequate to provide a high discriminatory performance. The addition of the combination of UE and CEUS data is expected to further improve performance.
Patient Perspectives on Pharmacotherapy of Alcohol
Dependence
Authors: Wellensiek Julian , Specka Michael , Just Johannes , Banger Markus , Bonnet Udo , Scherbaum Norbert 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction Pharmacotherapy with drugs like naltrexone or acamprosate is
a well-evaluated element in the treatment of alcohol dependence (AD). However,
in many countries, these medications are rarely administered. The objective of
the present study was to identify from patients’ perspective factors
that prevent the initiation and compliance with pharmacological treatment of
AD.
Methods Patients from inpatient alcohol withdrawal treatment underwent a
standardized interview. Questions included socio-demographic data, history of
AD, treatment history, knowledge and personal experience regarding
pharmacotherapy of AD, and personal views about the causes of AD.
Results Three hundred patients (mean age 47.3 years, 27.7% female,
mean duration of AD 8.9 years, 67% with a history of previous inpatient
withdrawal treatment) were included. The majority of patients (58.7%)
already knew drugs for the pharmacotherapy of AD. Thirty percent had ever used
such medications, most often acamprosate. Except for disulfiram, pharmacotherapy
of AD had lasted only a few weeks, on average. Medication usually had been
applied without additional psychotherapy. No severe side effects were reported.
Patients had often stopped pharmacotherapy on their own, when assuming they had
reached stable abstinence. Openness to start pharmacotherapy for AD was
currently stated by 67% of the total sample. In multiple logistic
regression, openness was predicted by having a concept of AD as a medical
disease and by a shorter duration of AD.
Discussion To improve the administration of pharmacotherapy for AD
implementation strategies should be systematically developed and evaluated with
a focus on the concept of AD as a medical disease.
A Technical Feasibility of Aqueous Aerosol Generation Based on the Flashing Jet: Impact of Surfactant, Electrolyte, and Drug Concentration
Authors: Zheng Qi-Wen , Wang Jian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the atomization mechanism of a flashing jet (FJ), focusing on the potential factors that influence the atomization performance of the device. Those factors include surfactant, electrolyte, and drug concentration. In this work, Tween 80, sodium chloride (NaCl), and salbutamol sulfate (SBS) were used for the study. The aerosol's mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) was investigated for analysis. The drug delivery ability of the FJ prototype was compared with the Pari nebulizer. Our data suggested that the MMAD of aerosol decreased as the concentration of Tween 80 increased, but the critical micelle concentration point was not influenced. Upon adding NaCl to pure water, with the increase of NaCl concentration, the MMAD of aerosol initially decreased significantly and then increased, reaching the lowest point when 0.05% NaCl was used. A higher concentration of SBS was beneficial for the atomization performance. When the SBS concentration was 5 mg/mL, the MMAD values of the FJ prototype and Pari nebulizer were 2.28 ± 0.15 and 1.03 ± 0.21 μm, respectively, and the fine particle dose (%TDD) of the FJ prototype and Pari nebulizer was 50.99 ± 5.88 and 53.51 ± 4.58%, respectively. Interestingly, the concentration of SBS has no effect on the residual dosage level of the FJ prototype, indicating that it can be applied in atomizing high-concentration solutions. In summary, surfactant, electrolyte, and drug concentration played an important role in the atomization performance of the FJ prototype and these ingredients are also crucial factors that should be considered in future formulation studies.
Breaking Boundaries: Toward Consistent Gender-Sensitive Language in Sexual and Reproductive Health Guidelines
Authors: Garad Rhonda M. , Bahri-Khomami Mahnaz , Busby Maureen , Burgert Tania S. , Boivin Jacky , Teede Helena J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis review assesses gender-sensitive language in sexual and reproductive health (SRH) guidelines, including a guideline for polycystic ovary syndrome. We conducted a systematic search across databases like Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane until July 31, 2023, using terms related to gender-inclusivity, SRH, and guideline protocols. Criteria for inclusion were gender-sensitive language, SRH focus, and guideline relevance, excluding non-English articles or those without policy considerations. Our search yielded 25 studies, with 6 included for qualitative synthesis. Results showed significant gaps in using gender-sensitive language in SRH guidelines. The debate on this language mirrors broader societal discourse. Recognizing gender diversity is essential for research, clinical practices, and societal norms. While promoting inclusion, drawbacks like unintended erasure or miscommunication should also be addressed. A gender-additive approach balances inclusivity and biological accuracy. Precise and inclusive discourse is crucial. Future research should focus on systemic approaches in the SRH sector.
Design, fabrication, and characterization of a drift tube linac type double gap re-buncher cavity
Authors: Mathew Jose V. , Priyadarshini Pallavi , Sista Vyaghri L. Srao 
Published: December 2023

The Low Energy High Intensity Proton Accelerator (LEHIPA) at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India, has recently been commissioned to the target energy of 20 MeV by beam acceleration through a 352 MHz radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and drift tube linac (DTL). The medium energy beam transport (MEBT) line of LEHIPA matches the 3 MeV beam from RFQ to the DTL using four electromagnetic quadrupoles and a re-buncher cavity. In the beam transport lines of high frequency linacs, TM010 mode single gap buncher cavities are conventionally used, while a double gap re-buncher cavity was chosen for the short length LEHIPA MEBT based on beam dynamics simulations. The 352 MHz double gap re-buncher cavity has been designed in a DTL type geometry with a cell length of βλ. This double gap cavity is found to be more power efficient with a higher shunt impedance and transit time factor than the conventional single gap buncher cavity. Electromagnetic design simulations, fabrication details, low power and high-power RF test results, and beam test results of the re-buncher cavity are presented in this paper.
A comparison of characterisation and modelling approaches to predict dissolved metal concentrations in soils
Authors: Garforth Judith M. , Tye Andrew M. , Young Scott D. , Bailey Elizabeth H. , Lofts Stephen 
Published: December 2023

Environmental context It is useful to know the concentration of ‘labile’, or chemically active, metal in soils because it can be used to predict metal solubility and environmental impact. Several methods for extracting the labile metal from soils have been proposed, and here we have tested two of these to see how well the resulting data can be used to model metal solubility. Such mixed approaches can be applied to different soil types with the potential to model metal solubility over large areas. Rationale Predicting terrestrial metal dynamics requires modelling of metal solubility in soils. Here, we test the ability of two geochemical speciation models that differ in complexity and data requirements (WHAM/Model VII and POSSMs), to predict metal solubility across a broad range of soil properties, using differing estimates of the labile soil metal concentration. Methodology Using a dataset of UK soils, we characterised basic properties including pH and the concentrations of humic substances, mineral oxides and metals. We estimated labile metal by extraction with 0.05 mol L−1 Na2H2EDTA and by multi-element isotopic dilution (E-value). Dissolved concentrations of Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were estimated in 0.01 mol L−1 Ca(NO3)2 soil suspensions using the total metal ({M}total), the EDTA-extracted pool ({M}EDTA) and the E-value ({M}E) as alternative estimates of the chemically reactive metal concentration. Results Concentrations of {M}EDTA were highly correlated with values of {M}E, although some systematic overestimation was seen. Both WHAM/Model VII and POSSMs provided reasonable predictions when {M}EDTA or {M}E were used as input. WHAM/Model VII predictions were improved by fixing soil humic acid to a constant proportion of the soil organic matter, instead of the measured humic and fulvic acid concentrations. Discussion This work provides further evidence for the usefulness of speciation modelling for predicting soil metal solubility, and for the usefulness of EDTA-extracted metal as a surrogate for the labile metal pool. Predictions may be improved by more robust characterisation of the soil and porewater humic substance content and quality.
Scattering on self-dual Taub-NUT
Authors: Adamo Tim , Bogna Giuseppe , Mason Lionel , Sharma Atul 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe derive exact solutions of massless free field equations and tree-level two-point amplitudes up to spin 2 on self-dual Taub-NUT (SDTN) spacetime, as well as on its single copy, the self-dual dyon (SDD). We use Killing spinors to build analogues of momentum eigenstates, finding that, in the spirit of color-kinematics duality, those for the SDD lift directly to provide states on the SDTN background if one replaces charge with energy. We discover that they are forced to have faster growth at infinity than in flat space due to the topological non-triviality of these backgrounds. The amplitudes for massless scalars and spinning particles in the(++)and(+−)helicity configurations vanish for generic kinematics as a consequence of the integrability of the self-dual sector. The(−−)amplitudes are non-vanishing and we compute them exactly in the backgrounds, which are treated non-perturbatively. It is explained how spin is easily introduced via a Newman–Janis imaginary shift along the spin-vector leading directly to the well-known exponential factor in the dot product of the spin with the momenta. We also observe a double copy relation between the gluon amplitude on a SDD and graviton amplitude on a SDTN spacetime.
Enhancement of multimode entanglement and asymmetric steering by noiseless linear amplification
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Zhai Shuqin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Quantum entanglement and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is an important resource for quantum information. However, it is very fragile and prone to decoherence. Recently, it has been shown that the noiseless linear amplification (NLA) which can be applied to any channel with loss and noise can effectively counteract the effect of quantum decoherence. Besides, the initial quantum correlation can even be exceed by using this method. Thus, it is a useful tool in enhancing quantum entanglement. In this paper, we apply NLA to the tripartite GHZ entangled state and analyze quantum entanglement and steering after NLA. The results showed that the NLA can effectively improve quantum entanglement and expand the range of quantum steering. Simultaneously, they also provide useful direction for the distillation of quantum state using NLA in practical quantum communication.
Analysis of near field radiation among lithography-free metal-dielectric-metal perfect absorbers with a combined numerical method
Authors: Wen Sy-Bor , Jakkinapalli Aravind 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
An integrated analysis is developed to determine the far-field and near-field radiation of lithography-free metal-dielectric-metal (MIM) structures. Directional spectral emissivity determined with the integrated analysis shows good agreement with the directional spectral absorptivity from verified full wave simulation. With the integrated analysis, we identified that the condition of Fabry–Perot resonance used to design broadband wide-angle perfect light absorbers/emitters with MIM structures could trigger the waveguide modes of the dielectric layer. The waveguide modes can amplify the thermal electric field for photon tunneling between two MIM structures across a 100 nm level gap. Adding an additional pair of waveguides that can amplify evanescent waves in the gap formed with two MIM structures can further enhance the strength of photon tunneling. The enhanced photon tunneling shows high-intensity quasi-monochromatic near-field radiation in TM mode across a 100 nm gap at specific wavelengths. We expect even stronger photon tunneling for high-intensity quasi-monochromatic near field radiation across a more significant gap can occur when the MIM structure made with lower loss metal is combined with structures providing stronger amplification of evanescent wave.
Gas heating by inductively coupled low-pressure chlorine process plasmas
Authors: Levko Dmitry , Subramaniam Vivek , Raja Laxminarayan L 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The mechanism of gas heating in low-pressure inductively coupled chlorine plasma is analyzed using a self-consistent two-dimensional axisymmetric fluid plasma model that is coupled with the compressible Navier–Stokes equations. For gas pressures of 10 and 20 mTorr and the discharge power in the range 0.1–1.3 kW, the main reactions contributing to gas heating were the ion–ion recombination reactions and the quenching of electronically excited chlorine atoms. At the same time, the energy released by the electron impact dissociation reaction of molecular chlorine is negligible due to its high degree of dissociation within the plasma bulk. The comparison between the results of our simulations and the fitting equation proposed in the literature show qualitative agreement, although there is significant quantitative discrepancy.
A novel bridge-type compliant displacement amplification mechanism under compound loads based on the topology optimisation of flexure hinge and its application in micro-force sensing
Authors: Chen Weilin , Kang Shidi , Lu Qinghua , Zhang Qinghua , Wei Huiling , Zhang Yunzhi , Lin Zeqin , Luo Lufeng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The design and modelling of bridge-type compliant displacement amplification mechanisms (CDAMs) are key components in precision engineering. In this study, a bridge-type CDAM under compound loads with an optimum flexure hinge configuration is designed, analysed, and tested. For the case when the flexure hinge configuration is unknown, the internal force distribution for a bridge-type CDAM under compound loads is analysed, and the topology of the flexure hinge is optimised. By applying different volume constraints, the optimised flexure hinge configurations are all V-shaped. Subsequently, a static model of the V-shaped flexure hinge is established. For a bridge-type CDAM with V-shaped flexure hinges, the compliance matrix of the flexure hinge is combined with the relationship among the local compliance matrices in a serial mechanism; consequently, the analytical relationship between the output displacement, output force, and input force is derived. The CDAM is parametrically optimised to further improve the output performance. Simulations and experiments verify the topology optimisation result, static model, and parametric optimisation result. Finally, the CDAM and its static model are applied to the tensile manipulation and micro-force sensing in a microfiber tensile test.
A piezoelectric tuned mass damper for simultaneous vibration control and energy harvesting
Authors: Sheng Weiqiang , Xiang Hongjun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This work proposes a novel piezoelectric tuned mass damper (PE-TMD) with dual function of energy harvesting and vibration control. The dual function is achieved by introducing several piezoelectric transducers into the conventional TMD. Unlike the conventional TMDs, the stiffness and damping of the PE-TMD can be adjusted by changing the circuit resistance. Moreover, the vibration energy absorbed from the primary structure, which is dissipated by the conventional TMD in the form of thermal energy, can be efficiently converted into electrical energy by the piezoelectric transducers for reuse. A railway bridge is selected as the research object to investigate the performance of the PE-TMD. The electromechanical coupling equations between the bridge and the PE-TMD are given first and then verified by a scaled model experiment. The results show the feasibility of the PE-TMD to achieve the two functions of vibration control and energy harvesting simultaneously. Subsequently, the parameters optimized results show that when the damper is completely replaced by the piezoelectric transducers, the two functions can be optimized simultaneously. The expressions for the optimal parameters to optimize the two functions are derived separately, and they are consistent. Finally, the performance comparison with the optimal conventional TMD shows that the optimal PE-TMD exhibits a slightly better performance in vibration control, and its output electrical power is almost identical to the dissipated power by the conventional TMD.