bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simplified calculation method of ICG based on LDY
Authors: Zhang Xu-Hui , Zhong WenQing , Xin WeiDong , Sun HongFa , Han Bing 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Liver cancer has one of the highest death rates in the world. Hepatectomy is the most important treatment for liver cancer. Preoperative evaluation of hepatic reserve is required to determine whether hepatectomy is feasible. Indocyanine green (ICG) clearance assay is an effective way to assess liver function prior to hepatectomy. However, due to its high cost and adverse reactions in some patients, we need to find a noninvasive method equivalent to the ICG clearance test.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 650 clinical data to explore the risk factors that affect liver reserve function. Logistic regression model was established by SPSS, and linear regression was established an equivalent formula for predicting the ICG 15-minute retention rate.
Result: We found that spleen volume and the LDY were independent risk factors for the ICG 15-minute retention rate and found a linear correlation between spleen volume and the LDY. Finally, the formula was obtained: LN(Y(ICG-R15))=3.466+0.045X1(LDY)-0.066X2(ALB)-0.002X3(Cr)-0.002X4(PLT)+0.007X6(TBIL)+0.116X7(PT),R20.395. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.83 for ICG-R15≥10%. The accuracy was 86%.
Conclusions: We have found that spleen volume is an independent risk factor for the ICG 15-minute retention rate and can simplify the prediction of liver reserve function through LDY.
AI Diagnosis Changed The Operation Mode Of Pulmonary Nodules: A retrospectively Cohort Study
Authors: Zeng Taidui , Huang Guanglei , Zheng Jiepeng , Zhang Shuliang , Chen Maohui , Chen Chun , Zheng Bin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether artificial intelligence assisted Low-dose computer tomography (LDCT) diagnosis can change the surgical proposal of patients with pulmonary nodules.
Methods: The clinical image data of consecutive patients with multiple pulmonary nodules who received LDCT scanning of the lungs and underwent surgical resection in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from December 2020 to December 2021 were collected retrospectively. Patients were divided into manual group (MG) and artificial intelligence group (AIG) according to whether AI is used to assist image reading. A junior doctor and a senior doctor were included both in the two groups. The two doctors in the same group allocated cases according to the 1:1 ratio. The differences were compared between the two groups.
Results: A total of 300 patients were enrolled in this study. The number of nodules need to be removed in MG was significantly less than AIG (p <0.0001 ). In terms of interpretation time, 60s (60,60) in MG was significantly longer than 30s (20,30) in AIG (p<0.0001). The missed diagnosis rate of junior doctor was significantly higher than that of senior doctor (17.0% vs. 8.5%, p=0.013). Compared with the manual diagnosis, 35 patients (11.7%) finally had an increase in the number of pulmonary nodules removed after AI assisted diagnosis. The total number of nodules for extended resection was 50.
Conclusions: AI assisted LDCT diagnosis can change the surgical proposal of patients with pulmonary nodules.
Relationship between 24-hour Activity Behavior and Body Fat Percentage in Preschool Children: Based on Compositional Data and Isotemporal Substitution Analysis
Authors: Fu Jinmei , Sun Shunli , Zhu Shenggen , Wang Runze , Chen Delong , Chen Ruiming , Xue Ran , Lv Wendi , Zhang Yunfan , Huang Ting , Hu Xuewen , Jiang Tianle , Wen Lei , Su Liqiang , He Zihao , Zhao Guanggao , Zou Weilu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aims to elucidate the dose‒response relationship between 24-hour activity behaviors and body fat percentage (BFP) in Chinese preschool children using a compositional isotemporal substitution model (ISM).
Methods
In a cross-sectional design, 881 children aged 3-6 from urban and rural areas of Jiangxi Province were sampled. Activity behaviors, including sedentary behavior (SB), low-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate- to high-intensity physical activity (MVPA), were measured using accelerometers. Sleep patterns were assessed through questionnaires, and BFP was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The study employed compositional data analysis (CoDA) and ISM to estimate the impact of reallocating durations of different activity behaviors on BFP.
Results
Higher BFP was found in urban vs. rural children, decreasing with age. Overweight and obesity rates were 10.6% and 7.6%, respectively, above national averages. MVPA and LPA were negatively correlated with BFP, while SB was positively correlated.
A 30-minute MVPA reduction significantly increased zBFR, particularly in overweight children. Gender-specific nuances revealed that boys' MVPA negatively influenced zBFP (β=-0.155), P<0.05), while girls' SB positively impacted zBFP (β=0.636, P<0.01). Isotemporal simulations emphasized amplified effects in overweight children, with boys' zBFR rising rapidly when MVPA was substituted and girls displaying a notable substitution effect between SB and LPA.
Conclusion
BFP is closely linked to 24-hour activity behaviors, notably in overweight and obese preschoolers. ISM identified MVPA as a critical influencer, with a 30-minute reduction substantially increasing BFP. Gender disparities were evident, implicating MVPA in boys and LPA and SB in girls.
Comparing stigma toward depression in physicians and the general population and its impact on seeking mental health treatment: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Charnsil Chawanun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective: To compared the attitude toward depression in physicians and the general population, while examining the relationship between physician stigma and seeking mental health help.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study surveyed Thai physicians and the general population using the Depression Stigma Scale. The scale was distributed online through a Google Form.
Results: A total of 2,083 participants completed the questionnaire. An independent test revealed a significant difference (p < 0.001) in Depression Stigma Scale scores between physicians and the general population with physicians scored higher on average. Significant differences were found in the Perceived Stigma Subscale for both groups, but not in the Personal Stigma Subscale. Male and female physicians exhibited significant different (p < 0.05) in the Personal Stigma Subscale, while no significant gender differences were found among the general population. Physician perceived stigma correlated positively with seeking mental health help (r = 0.079, p = 0.008).
Conclusion: Physicians displayed higher depression stigma, particularly in perceived stigma. There was a correlation between physician stigma and seeking mental health help. Addressing stigma among physicians and promoting help-seeking is crucial. Top of Form
Architecture and rearrangements of a sperm-specific Na+/H+ exchanger
Authors: Chowdhury Sandipan , Pal Kamalendu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The sperm-specific sodium hydrogen exchanger, SLC9C1, underlies hyperpolarization and cyclic nucleotide stimulated proton fluxes across sperm membranes and regulates their hyperactivated motility. SLC9C1 is the first known instance of an ion transporter that uses a canonical voltage-sensing domain (VSD) and an evolutionarily conserved cyclic nucleotide binding domain (CNBD) to influence the dynamics of its ion-exchange domain (ED). The structural organization of this ‘tripartite transporter’ and the mechanisms whereby it integrates physical (membrane voltage) and chemical (cyclic nucleotide) cues are unknown. In this study, we use single particle cryo-electron microscopy to determine structures of a metazoan SLC9C1 in different conformational states. We find that the three structural domains are uniquely organized around a distinct ring-shaped scaffold that we call the ‘allosteric ring domain’ or ARD. The ARD undergoes coupled proton-dependent rearrangements with the ED and acts as a ‘signaling hub’ enabling allosteric communication between the key functional modules of sp9C1. We demonstrate that binding of cAMP causes large conformational changes in the cytoplasmic domains and disrupts key ARD-linked interfaces. We propose that these structural changes rescue the transmembrane domains from an auto-inhibited state and facilitate their functional dynamics. Our study provides a structural framework to understand and further probe electrochemical linkage in SLC9C1.
Vesicle protrusion induced by antimicrobial peptides suggests common carpet mechanism for short antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Park Peter , Matsubara Danilo Kiyoshi , Barzotto Domenico R. , Lima Filipe S. , Chaimovich Hernan , Marrink Siewert Jan , Cuccovia Iolanda M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Short cationic alpha-helical antimicrobial peptides (SCHAMPs) are promising candidates to combat the growing global threat of antimicrobial resistance. They are short-sequenced, selective against bacteria and have rapid action by destroying membranes. The full understanding of their mechanism of action will provide key information to design more potent and selective SCHAMPs. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations are invaluable tools that provide detailed insights of the peptide:membrane interaction at the atomic- and meso-scale level. Here we use atomistic and coarse-grained MD to investigate the detailed steps in the interaction of four promising SCHAMPs with membranes, namely BP100, Decoralin, Neurokinin-1, and Temporin L. Following experimental set-ups, we explored the effects of SCHAMPs on anionic membranes and vesicles at multiple peptide concentrations. Our results showed all four peptides shared similar binding steps, by binding initially to the membrane through electrostatic interactions and then flipping on their axis, dehydrating and inserting its hydrophobic moieties into the membrane core. At higher concentrations, fully alpha-helical peptides induced membrane budding and protrusions. Our results suggest the carpet mode of action is fit for the description of SCHAMPs lysis activity, and we discuss the importance of large hydrophobic residues in SCHAMPs design and activity.
Machine Learning Insights into Uric Acid Elevation with Thiazide Therapy Commencement and Intensification
Authors: Özdede Murat , Güven Alper Tuna , Şener Yusuf Ziya 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Serum uric acid, associated with cardiovascular conditions such as atherosclerotic heart disease and hypertension, can be elevated by thiazide or thiazide-like drugs (THZ), essential in hypertension management. Identifying clinical determinants affecting THZ-related uric acid elevation is critical.
Methods
In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we explored the clinical determinants influencing uric acid elevation related to THZ, focusing on patients where THZ was initiated or the dose escalated. A cohort of 143 patients was analyzed, collecting baseline and control uric acid levels, alongside basic biochemical studies and clinical data. Feature selection was conducted utilizing criteria based on mean squared error increase and enhancement in node purity. Four machine learning algorithms—Random Forest, Neural Network, Support Vector Machine, and Gradient Boosting regressions—were applied to pinpoint clinical influencers.
Results:
Significant features include uncontrolled diabetes, index eGFR level, absence of insulin, action of indapamide, and absence of statin treatment, with absence of SGLT2 inhibitors, low dose aspirin exposure, and older age also being noteworthy. Among the applied models, the Gradient Boosting regression model outperformed the others, exhibiting the lowest MAE, MSE, RMSE values, and the highest R2 value (0.779). While Random Forest and Neural Network regression models were able to fit the data adequately, the Support Vector Machine demonstrated inferior metrics.
Conclusions
Machine Learning Algorithms can precisely predict THZ-related uric acid changes, facilitating optimized therapy tailoring, minimizing unnecessary THZ abstinence, and guiding to prevent usage in cases where uric acid levels might reach undesirable levels.
Seismic Attribute-Based Characterization of Heterogenous Sand Reservoirs in the Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria
Authors: Horsfall Opiriyabo , Akpan Mfonobong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study successfully predicted the presence of hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs in an onshore Niger delta field by combining structural interpretation and seismic attribute analysis. Check-shot data, high-quality 3D seismic data, and four wells log data with requisite petrophysical logs were employed. The approach involved identifying various lithologies from gamma ray and resistivity logs, correlating wells, mapping faults and horizons, creating time and depth structure maps, and analyzing seismic. The four wells were correlated across two major sand bodies labeled as Sand A and Sand B. Five faults, designated F1 through F5, were selected based on amplitude distortion. In the 3D seismic volume, two horizons, designated Sand A and Sand B, were also identified with a similar wavelet nature. A NW-SE trending anticlinal structure supported by faults was delineated in the northern part of both reservoirs. Structural highs typically occur in the middle of the field for both reservoirs. For both reservoirs, structural lows may be seen in the northwest of the field. The western regions of both reservoirs are shown by high amplitudes on the RMS amplitude maps. Because Sand B occurs at a deeper depth than Sand A, Sand A has a higher concentration of low amplitudes than Sand B. The hydrocarbon-bearing structures are essentially based on the temporal and depth patterns of the mappable structures for the reservoir tops under examination, and they are mostly fault-dependent in nature. The detected structures and bright spots from seismic amplitude revealed that the Omicron field had good hydrocarbon potential.
Immune Responses Following Administration of Whole Gamma Irradiated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Stabilized With Disaccharide Trehalose on Syrian Hamster Model
Authors: Motamedi-Sedeh Farahnaz , Khorasani Akbar , Lotfi Mohsen , Moosavi Seyed Morteza , Arbabi Arash , Hosseini Seyed Maede 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The SARS-CoV-2 virus is the causative agent of the emerging respiratory zoonosis disease. One of the most important requirements for the control of emerging diseases is the development of vaccines within a short period of time.
Methods
The use of ionizing radiation to inactivate pathogens has been developed for the rapid production of effective vaccines. In this study, the SARS-CoV-2 virus was isolated from tracheal swabs of an infected man, confirmed by RT-PCR, and propagated on Vero cells. The SARS-CoV-2 virus was irradiated with 14 kGy gamma radiation to completely inactivate it. Evaluation of the antigenic properties of the spike protein subunit S1 showed that the gamma-irradiated virus samples had intact antigens. The gamma-irradiated SARS-CoV-2 virus and formalin-treated virus were used to immunize Syrian hamsters in four vaccine formulations.
Results
The titer of neutralizing antibodies increased significantly in all vaccinated groups 3 weeks after the second and third vaccinations. Secretory IgA was examined in nasal lavage and NALT fluids and showed that the concentration of sIgA in irradiated vaccine plus trehalose increased significantly 3 weeks after the second and third vaccinations. The splenic lymphocyte proliferation assay showed a significant increase in all vaccinated hamsters, but the increase was greater in irradiated vaccine plus trehalose and irradiated vaccine plus alum.
Conclusion
In addition, we can introduce irradiated inactivated vaccine SARS-CoV-2 plus disaccharide trehalose via intranasal route of administration and another irradiated inactivated vaccine SARS-CoV-2 plus alum via subcutaneous route as safe and efficient vaccines against COVID-19 which can stimulate mucosal, humeral and cellular immunity.
Cross-national comparison of three latent classes of young men who attempted suicide in China and Britain
Authors: Chen Xia-Can , Coid Jeremy , Zhang Ya-Min , Xu Jia-Jun , Qiu Yu-Feng , Yin Xiao-Tong , Han Yi-Wei , Hu Jun-Mei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Suicide attempts are critical predictors of suicide. Developing typologies of suicide attempt may indicate new prevention strategies, which have not been investigated by comparing developed and developing countries. Therefore, we aim to compare the relationship between suicide attempt and mental disorder and develop a typology of suicide attempts among Chinese and British young men.
Methods
Cross-national surveys of 2046 British and 4238 Chinese men aged 18 − 34 years old in households, 2011—2013. Hierarchical multinomial regression models were used to investigate associated factors. Latent class analysis (LCA) to identify homogeneous subgroups.
Results
Prevalence of suicide attempt was higher among Chinese (8.3%, 95% CI: 7.4%−9.2%) than British men (6.6%, 95% CI: 5.5%−7.7%) (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03–1.57, p = 0.025). Depression was not independently associated with suicide attempts among Chinese men, while anxiety played a vital role in both countries. Three latent classes identified a subgroup more prevalent among Chinese men featuring weakened social bonds in the absence of mental disorder, and another subgroup more prevalent among British men characterizing impulsivity, childhood maltreatment, substance misuse, and chaotic lifestyles.
Conclusions
Further research could test the clinical applicability of this typology in the assessment of men at risk of future suicide and choice of treatment and preventive interventions. Because Class 2 featured by weakened social bonds is more prevalent among Chinese men, research could stablish whether recent improvements in access to crisis services in China have been effective.
Risk of lymph nodes metastasis related to reproductive factors in PTC: Female gender
Authors: Wang Kai , Yang Dongqiang , Feng Jiaqi , Liu Yan , Zhang Lan , Shi Ping , Wu Yanzhao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective: Female reproductive factors have been associated with the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), but their relationship with the progression is not clear.Therefore, this study focused on the relationship between female PTC progression and reproductive factors to improve individualized diagnosis and treatment options for female PTC.
Methods:The clinicopathologic data of 1828 patients with PTC who were diagnosed in the Department of Western Campus of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2015 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.
Results: Of 1828 women with PTC, 903 (49.4%) developed lymph node metastasis(LNM) during the first operation. Logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) was lower (OR = 0.414, 95% CI: 0.266 – 0.645) and the incidence of cervical and lateral lymph node metastasis (CLNM + LLNM) was also lower (OR = 0.346, 95% CI: 0.187 – 0.642) in those with reproductive history than in those without reproductive history. After propensity score matching was used to eliminate all potential positive confounders at baseline, the only outcome measure was LNM, and the results showed that the incidence of LNM was still lower in those with reproductive history than in those without reproductive history overall after excluding each confounding factor, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.049), and the positive rate in CLNM was mainly affected (P = 0.018).
Conclusion: Female reproductive factors exert a significant influence on the occurrence of lymph node metastasis in PTC. For nulliparous women, as well as women > 55 years of age at menopause, early surgery is recommended if multifocal, bilateral, and extraglandular invasion is present, and ipsilateral central dissection is recommended actively, and if CLNM has been confirmed, lateral cervical lymph nodes are recommended to be vigilant and actively managed.
IRF4 affects the protective effect of regulatory T cells on the pulmonary vasculature of a bronchopulmonary dysplasia mouse model by regulating FOXP3
Authors: Zhu Ying , He Langyue , Zhu Yue , Yao Huici , Jiang Jianfeng , Lu Hongyan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common chronic lung disease in preterm infants, characterised by compromised alveolar development and pulmonary vascular abnormalities. Emerging evidence suggests that regulatory T cells (Tregs) may confer protective effects on the vasculature. Knockdown of their transcription factor, interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), has been shown to promote vascular endothelial hyperplasia. However, the involvement of Tregs and IRF4 in the BPD pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the regulation of Tregs by IRF4 and elucidate its potential role in pulmonary vasculature development in a BPD mouse model.
Methods
The BPD model was established using 85% hyperoxia exposure, with air exposure as the normal control. Lung tissues were collected after 7 or 14 days of air or hyperoxia exposure, respectively. Haematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to assess lung tissue pathology. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) level, flow cytometry to quantify Treg numbers, and Western blot to assess vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA), angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3), and IRF4 protein levels. We also examined the co-expression of IRF4 and FOXP3 proteins using immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence double staining. Furthermore, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knock down the IRF4 gene and observed changes in the aforementioned indicators to validate its effect on pulmonary vasculature development in mice.
Results
Elevated IRF4 levels in BPD model mice led to FOXP3 downregulation, reduced Treg numbers, and impaired pulmonary vascular development. Knockdown of IRF4 resulted in improved pulmonary vascular development and upregulated FOXP3 level.
Conclusion
IRF4 may affect the protective role of Tregs in the proliferation of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells and pulmonary vascular development in BPD model mice by inhibiting the FOXP3 level.
NFATc2 promotes lactate and M2 macrophage polarization through USP17 in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Liang , Huang Miao , Zhang Shanyuan , Yang Yue , Huang Bo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It is well known that immune cells including macrophage within the tumor microenvironment play an essential role in tumor progression. Here, we studied how NFATc2 regulates macrophage properties in lung adenocarcinoma. Positive relationships were found between NFATc2 and genes associated with hypoxia and glycolysis in lung adenocarcinoma from the TCGA dataset. NFATc2 enhanced cell migration and lactate levels in lung adenocarcinoma cells. According to single-cell sequence data, NFATc2 is closely associated with infiltrating immune cells and is related to macrophage polarization. NFATc2 promotes M2 polarization in macrophages. As a transcription factor, NFATc2 binds to the USP17 promoter region. Furthermore, the NFATc2 inhibitor suppressed M2 polarization induced by USP17. In conclusion, NFATc2 promotes lactate levels and M2 polarization of macrophages by transcriptionally regulating USP17 in lung adenocarcinoma.