bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motoneurons of twitch and nontwitch extraocular muscle fibers in the abducens, trochlear, and oculomotor nuclei of monkeys
Authors: Büttner‐Ennever Jean A. , Horn Anja K.E. , Scherberger Hansjoerg , D'ascanio Paola 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEye muscle fibers can be divided into two categories: nontwitch, multiply innervated muscle fibers (MIFs), and twitch, singly innervated muscle fibers (SIFs). We investigated the location of motoneurons supplying SIFs and MIFs in the six extraocular muscles of monkeys. Injections of retrograde tracers into eye muscles were placed either centrally, within the central SIF endplate zone; in an intermediate zone, outside the SIF endplate zone, targeting MIF endplates along the length of muscle fiber; or distally, into the myotendinous junction containing palisade endings. Central injections labeled large motoneurons within the abducens, trochlear or oculomotor nucleus, and smaller motoneurons lying mainly around the periphery of the motor nuclei. Intermediate injections labeled some large motoneurons within the motor nuclei but also labeled many peripheral motoneurons. Distal injections labeled small and medium‐large peripheral neurons strongly and almost exclusively. The peripheral neurons labeled from the lateral rectus muscle surround the medial half of the abducens nucleus: from superior oblique, they form a cap over the dorsal trochlear nucleus; from inferior oblique and superior rectus, they are scattered bilaterally around the midline, between the oculomotor nucleus; from both medial and inferior rectus, they lie mainly in the C‐group, on the dorsomedial border of oculomotor nucleus. In the medial rectus distal injections, a “C‐group extension” extended up to the Edinger‐Westphal nucleus and labeled dendrites within the supraoculomotor area. We conclude that large motoneurons within the motor nuclei innervate twitch fibers, whereas smaller motoneurons around the periphery innervate nontwitch, MIF fibers. The peripheral subgroups also contain medium‐large neurons which may be associated with the palisade endings of global MIFs. The role of MIFs in eye movements is unclear, but the concept of a final common pathway must now be reconsidered. J. Comp. Neurol. 438:318–335, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomy and physiology of neurons with processes in the accessory medulla of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae
Authors: Loesel Rudi , Homberg Uwe 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe accessory medulla (AMe), a small neuropil in the insect optic lobe, has been proposed to serve a circadian pacemaker function analogous to the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in mammals. Building upon considerable knowledge of the circadian system of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae, we investigated the properties of AMe neurons in this insect with intracellular recordings combined with dye injections. Responses of neurons with processes in the AMe to visual stimuli, including stationary white light, moving objects, and polarized light were compared with the responses of adjacent medulla tangential neurons. Neurons with processes in the AMe and additional ramifications in the medulla strongly responded to stationary light stimuli and might, therefore, be part of photic entrainment pathways to the clock. Accessory medulla neurons lacking significant processes in the medulla but with projections to the midbrain or to the contralateral optic lobe, in contrast, responded weakly or not at all to light and, thus, seem to be part of the clock's output pathway. Two types of commissural neurons with tangential arborizations in both medullae were sensitive to polarized light, suggesting a role of these neurons in celestial navigation. Sidebranches in the AMae of one of the two cell types are discussed with respect to a possible involvement of the AMe in polarization vision. Finally, neurons responding to movement stimuli did not arborize in the AMe. The results show that the AMe receives photic input and support a role of this neuropil in circadian timekeeping functions. J. Comp. Neurol. 439:193–207, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crack edge element of three‐dimensional displacement discontinuity method with boundary division into triangular leaf elements
Authors: Li H. , Liu C. L. , Mizuta Y. , Kayupov M. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, the existing Displacement Discontinuity Method (DDM) for three‐dimensional elastic analysis with boundary discretized into triangular elements, which is purely based on analytical integrals, is extended from the constant element to the square‐root crack edge element. In order to evaluate the singular integral when the receiver point falls into the remitter element, i.e., the observed point (x,y) ∈Δ, a part analytical and part numerical integration procedure is adopted effectively. The newly developed codes prove valid in estimating the Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) KI. Furthermore, for the sake of keeping the advantages of high‐speed and high‐accuracy in developing the numerical system, a novel method to realize pure analytical integration of influence function is found by the aid of symbolic computation technology of Mathematica. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On Hilbert, Fourier, and wavelet transforms
Authors: Penner R. C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeveral new families of wavelets, which are derived from earlier work by the author on Teichmüller theory, are introduced and studied. These wavelets are associated with the modular group rather than the affine group of the real line as for classical wavelets. In further contrast to the usual setting, there are explicit and essentially algebraic formulas relating wavelet and Fourier expansions. Furthermore, rather than relying on equally spaced multiscale sampling methods, the wavelet expansions introduced here rely instead on an explicit, nonuniformly spaced, multiscale sampling method that depends upon the Farey sequence of classical number theory. These ingredients combine to give novel methods for calculating wavelet, Fourier, and Hilbert transforms with potential applications to myriad problems in electrical engineering. By employing a new characteristic length associated to 2 × 2 matrices, finiteness and convergence properties of the wavelet expansions are derived. For functions with more than 5/2 derivatives inL2, one of our wavelet families forms a frame and the Hilbert transform is calculable in hyperbolic coordinates. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Current differential amplifiers: new circuits and applications
Authors: Souliotis George , Chrisanthopoulos Angelos , Haritantis Ioannis 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNew CMOS current differential amplifiers are proposed suitable for analogue signal processing at high frequencies. They consist of simple current mirrors, which are easy to design and to implement in IC form. Low‐voltage low‐power design is feasible. Relying on these devices a number of applications are obtained, including lossy and lossless integrators, simulated inductors, active filters, and harmonic oscillators. Theoretical expressions are given for all of the proposed new circuits. The verification of the circuits is also achieved by simulation. Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cellular neural networks based on resonant tunnelling diodes
Authors: Hänggi Martin , Chua Leon O. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractResonant tunnelling diodes (RTDs) have intriguing properties which make them a primary nanoelectronic device for both analogue and digital applications. We propose two different types of RTD‐based cells for the cellular neural network (CNN) which exhibit superior performance in terms of complexity, functionality, or processing speed compared to standard cells. In the first cell model, the resistor of the standard cell is replaced by an RTD, which results in a more compact and versatile cell which requires neither self‐feedback nor a non‐linear output function, and allows three stable equilibrium points. If a resonant tunnelling transistor (RTT) is used instead of the RTD, the dynamics can be controlled through its gate voltage as an additional network parameter. In a majority of CNN applications, bistable cells are sufficient. Utilizing RTD‐based bistable logic elements to store the state of the cell, switching occurs almost instantaneously as virtually no charge transfer is necessary, and it is possible to implement non‐linear connections in a straightforward manner. Hence, it turns out that RTD‐based CNNs are tailor‐made for the implementation of extremely fast bipolar operations and non‐linear templates. The ideas presented in this paper may also be beneficially applied to other types of circuits and systems such as A/D converters or sigma‐delta modulators. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flow cytometry measurement of the DNA contents of G0/G1 diploid cells from three different teleost fish species
Authors: Ciudad Juana , Cid Elena , Velasco Almudena , Lara Juan M. , Aijón José , Orfao Alberto 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundAlthough there is a lot information in the literature about genome size in fish, a high variability among data for the same species is reported, being mainly related to methodological aspects. Flow cytometry‐based fluorescence measurements of intercalating dyes is the most attractive approach due to its precision, objectivity, high speed, and relative simplicity.MethodsWe analyze the DNA content of G0/G1 diploid nuclei of three teleost species (Carassius auratus, Tinca tinca, and Danio rerio) using flow cytometry. Forty‐three animals were used and up to 50,000 retinal cells were analyzed per sample. Propidium iodide‐associated fluorescence was assessed using a FACSCalibur flow cytometer. Standard human leukocytes were used as a reference.ResultsOur results show that C. auratus (3.584 ± 0.058 pg per nucleus) and D. rerio (3.357 ± 0.074 pg per nucleus) showed similar DNA contents per cell, whereas it was significantly lower (2.398 ± 0.038 pg per nucleus) in T. tinca. Interestingly, a low intraspecies variability was observed, the coefficient of variation being 1.608%, 2.198%, and 1.573% for C. auratus, D. rerio, and T. tinca, respectively.ConclusionsThe methodology used in this study provides an accurate and easy measurement of the genome size of a species. Cytometry 48:20–25, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA copy number amplifications in sarcomas with homogeneously staining regions and double minutes
Authors: Menghi‐Sartorio Samantha , Mandahl Nils , Mertens Fredrick , Picci Piero , Knuutila Sakari 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo identify DNA amplifications in sarcomas, comparative genomic hybridization was performed on 27 cases that were likely to display high‐level DNA copy number gains. In all cases, chromosome banding analysis had revealed homogeneously staining regions or double minutes, i.e., cytogenetic signs of gene amplification. In most cases, gains predominated over losses. Low‐level amplifications (ratio 1.3:1.5) were seen in 20 cases. High‐level amplifications (ratio >1.5) exceeded the frequencies seen in published, unselected sarcomas of similar histotypes and were detected in 16 tumors: 4/4 osteosarcomas, 5/8 malignant fibrous histiocytomas, 3/7 leiomyosarcomas, 1/2 myosarcomas, 0/1 liposarcoma, 0/1 rhabdomyosarcoma, 1/1 pleomorphic sarcoma, 0/1 myxofibrosarcoma, 1/1 malignant mesenchymona, and 1/1 malignant schwannoma, with two to four chromosomal regions involved in nine tumors. Recurrent amplifications involved 1p33‐p32, 5p15‐p14, 7pter‐p12, 7q21‐qter, 8q21.3‐qter, 11q22‐q23, 16p13.2‐p12, 19q12‐q13.1, 20q11.2‐qter, and 22q12‐q13. Most of the recurrent gains/amplifications we detected have been reported in sarcomas previously. A novel gain/amplification was seen at 2q14.3‐q21 in five cases of four sarcoma types. The disparate pattern of amplified sequences, the poor correspondence between the localization of low‐ and high‐level amplifications, and the chromosomal position of homogeneously staining regions suggest the involvement of many genes in the amplifications and that the genes rarely maintain their native position in these tumors. Cytometry (Comm. Clin. Cytometry) 46:79–84, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of an antibody‐based genotype classification of the platelet fibrinogen receptor (GPIIb/IIIa)
Authors: Schwippert‐Houtermans B. , Strapatsakis S. , Roesen P. , Tschoepe D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPlatelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa is the central molecule in platelet adhesion and aggregation by high‐affinity binding of fibrinogen. Polymorphism of the beta chain of the receptor, especially the GPIIIa‐proline33 allele [HPA‐1b, Zwb, PI(A2)], has been suggested to be associated with a variety of vascular diseases, such as coronary stenosis, myocardial infarction, cerebral ischemia, or venous thrombosis. Using clinical chemistry standards, we evaluate a flow cytometric whole‐blood, antibody‐based method to determine the genotype [PI(A1A1), PI(A1A2), PI(A2A)] versus polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based DNA restriction fragment length analysis in 220 individuals. Both homozygous and heterozygous genotypes differ in the expression of binding sites for the monoclonal antibody, SZ21. Agreement between the two methods was achieved in 187 cases, which reflects a test validity of 85%, a sensitivity of 83.6%, and a specificity of 85.4%. We conclude that flow cytometry is reliable for classifying the PI(AX) genotype. The performance characteristics are easy, fast, and cheap (genomics by proteomics). These features make it suitable for screening patients and broad populations for the future risk of cardiovascular ischemic events. Cytometry (Comm. Clin. Cytometry) 46:238–242, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An efficient location cache scheme for three‐level database architecture in PCS networks
Authors: Han Youn‐Hee , Han Sang‐Cheol , Yang KwonWoo , Hwang Chong‐Sun , Jeong Young‐Sik 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecently, hierarchical architecture for location databases has been proposed in order to accommodate the growing number of personal communication systems users. With the three‐level hierarchical database architecture, which is compatible with the current cellular mobile systems, newly developed additional databases, including the regional location database (RLR), are positioned between the HLR and the VLRs. We propose an efficient cache scheme,the double T‐thresholds location cache scheme, which could reduce the network and database costs to lookup a portable using the three‐level architecture. This scheme extends the existing T‐threshold location cache scheme, which is effective only under the two‐level architecture of location databases currently adopted by IS‐41 and GSM. The idea behind our proposed scheme is to use two pieces of cache information, VLR and RLR, which serve the called portables. These two pieces are required in order to exploit not only the locality of a registration area (RA), but also the locality of a regional registration area (RRA), a wide area covered by the RLR. We also use two threshold values in order to determine whether the two pieces are obsolete. In order to model the RRA residence time,the branching Erlang‐∞ distributionis introduced. The cost analysis presented in this paper shows that the doubleT‐thresholds location cache scheme significantly reduces the network and database costs for most patterns of portables. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blocking performance of fixed‐paths least‐congestion routing in multifibre WDM networks
Authors: Li Ling , Somani Arun K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWavelength‐routed all‐optical networks have been receiving significant attention for high‐capacity transport applications. Good routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) algorithms are critically important in order to improve the performance of wavelength‐routed WDM networks. Multifibre WDM networks, in which each link consists of multiple fibres and each fibre carries information on multiple wavelengths, offer the advantage of reducing the effect of the wavelength continuity constraint without using wavelength converters. A wavelength that cannot continue on the next hop on the same fibre can be switched to another fibre using an optical cross‐connect (OXC) if the same wavelength is free on one of the other fibres. However, the cost of a multifibre network is likely to be higher than a single‐fibre network with the same capacity, because more amplifiers and multiplexers/demultiplexers may be required. The design goal of a multifibre network is to achieve a high network performance with the minimum number of fibres.In this paper, we study the blocking performance of fixed‐paths least‐congestion (FPLC) routing in multifibre WDM networks. A new analytical model with the consideration of link‐load correlation is developed to evaluate the blocking performance of the FPLC routing. The analytical model is a generalized model that can be used in both regular (e.g. mesh‐torus) and irregular (e.g. NSFnet) networks. It is shown that the analytical results closely match the simulation results, which indicate that the model is adequate in analytically predicting the performance of the FPLC routing in different networks.Two FPLC routing algorithms, wavelength trunk (WT)‐based FPLC and lightpath (LP)‐based FPLC, are developed and studied. Our analytical and simulation results show that the LP‐based FPLC routing algorithm can use multiple fibres more efficiently than the WT‐based FPLC and the alternate path routing. In both the mesh‐torus and NSFnet networks, limited number of fibres is sufficient to guarantee high network performance. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Significance of lymphoglandular bodies in bone marrow aspiration smears
Authors: Stern Robert C. , Liu Katharine , Dodge Richard K. , Elenitoba‐Johnson Kojo S.J. , Layfield Lester J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe presence of lymphoglandular bodies (LGB) or Söderström bodies is often stated to be a feature of lymphoid processes. In our experience, LGB are typically identified in B‐cell processes but not in T‐cell lymphomas or myeloid leukemias. We reviewed 136 bone marrow aspirate smears. The number of LGB per five high‐power fields was counted, and median counts for B‐cell processes, non‐B‐cell processes, myeloid leukemias, and T‐cell malignancies were obtained and compared by the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Bone marrow aspirate smears involved with B‐cell malignancies contained a median of 30 (range, 1–250) LGB per five high‐power fields. Compared to myeloid leukemias (median, 11; range, 1–253) and T‐cell malignancies (median, 7; range, 0–41), the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001 and P = 0.01, respectively). While lymphoglandular bodies can be seen in a variety of malignant hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic disorders, they are found in significantly greater numbers in B‐cell malignancies. Diagn. Cytopathol. 24:240–243, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Smears diagnosed as ASCUS: Interobserver variation and follow‐up
Authors: Gatscha Rose Marie , Abadi Maria , Babore Silvia , Chhieng David , Miller Mara Jo , Saigo Patricia E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to apply atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) criteria from the Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical/Vaginal Cytologic Diagnoses (TBS) to the rescreen of cases previously diagnosed as ASCUS, to compare initial and rescreen diagnoses, and to analyze agreement with follow‐up (cytology or histology). Two cytotechnologists (S.B. and M.J.M.) and one cytopathology fellow (M.A.) rescreened 632 cervicovaginal specimens diagnosed as ASCUS between June 1, 1992–December 31, 1995. Age and LMP were provided. Rescreen diagnoses were categorized as within normal limits (WNL), ASCUS, low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), or carcinoma (CA). Complete agreement was found in 200 specimens (32%): 31 (15%) WNL; 91 (45%) ASCUS; 77 (38.5%) SIL; and one (0.50%) CA. Follow‐up revealed no abnormality in 67% of the cases reclassified as WNL, 49% of the cases reclassified as ASCUS, and 48% of the cases reclassified as squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL). SIL was found in 29% of cases reclassified as WNL, 29% of specimens rediagnosed as ASCUS, and 34% of cases reclassified as SIL. Partial agreement was found in 391 specimens (62%). In 41 specimens (6%), rescreeners were in complete disagreement, and follow‐up revealed 9/41 (22%) SIL or worse; 21/41 (51%) WNL; and 4/41 (10%) inconclusive. Applying established criteria, 14% (91/632) of cases diagnosed as ASCUS resulted in complete agreement, and 30% (190/632) resulted in partial agreement. Follow‐up of cases initially diagnosed as ASCUS revealed SIL or CA in 30% of cases. ASCUS is a significant diagnosis warranting careful patient follow‐up. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2001;25:138–140. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outcomes of cytopathology studies presented at national pathology meetings
Authors: Ciesla Marlyn C. , Wojcik Eva M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine what factors influence the final publication status of cytopathology studies presented at national meetings. Abstracts involving cytopathology material were obtained from the following journals: Modern Pathology (volume 11, 1998), Acta Cytologica (volume 42, 1998), and the American Journal of Clinical Pathology (volumes 109 and 110, 1998). Using the National Library of Medicine Website, each abstract was searched by author and topic to determine if the study was published as a peer‐reviewed article. The following parameters were evaluated: meeting where the abstract was presented, type of institution where the research was based, type of material used in the study, and application of ancillary techniques used in the study. The subsequent published articles were evaluated for journal and time to publication. Out of 257 studies presented in 1998, 85 (33%) were published in peer‐reviewed journals by May 2000. The majority of papers were published in Diagnostic Cytopathology (n = 21), Acta Cytologica (n = 15), and Cancer (n = 18). The mean time for publication was 12.8 mo. The highest percentage of published studies was presented at the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology (USCAP) meeting (50% of presented abstracts), followed by American Society of Cytopathology (ASC) (28%) and American Society of Clinical Pathologists (ASCP) (17%) meetings. Ancillary techniques were applied in 40 of 85 (47%) published studies, 27 of 85 (32%) articles focused on morphology, and 18 of 85 (21%) papers covered other topics (e.g., quality assurance (QA), cost, and role of cytology). In nonpublished studies (n = 172), special techniques were the main focus in 40%, morphology in 25%, and other topics in 35% of abstracts. The great majority (97%) of published studies were from academic institutions. Gynecological and nongynecological material were roughly equally covered in published and nonpublished studies. Only a relatively small percentage of presented studies was finalized in the form of peer‐reviewed articles. Type of material and application of ancillary techniques do not significantly influence the outcome. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:265–269, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.