bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiating Pathological Narcissism
Authors: Ronningstam Elsa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While it has been vital to identify discriminating features for each personality disorder, including NPD, to be able to differentiate them from each other and from other mental illnesses, it has also proved to be of increasing clinical importance to identify the presence of pathological narcissism in other mental conditions and disorders. Co-occurring narcissistic features can have major implications for course and prognosis, as well as for the overall and in-depth understanding of the patient. Pathological narcissism can also have a major impact on the individual’s experiences of and attitudes toward treatment, and influence his or her motivation to engage in a treatment alliance and comply with treatment recommendations, even when the primary diagnosis is not a narcissistic disorder. The role of major psychiatric symptoms, such as bulimia or anorexia, in narcissistic self-esteem regulation is a relatively new avenue of inquiry (Steinbergb & Shaw, 1997). In addition, narcissistic symptoms in other disorders may be overshadowed or erroneously attributed to other more predominant symptoms (Simon, 2001). This chapter provides an overview of the clinical and empirical observations that can describe and explain some of the specific interactions between NPD/pathological narcissism and near-neighbor disorders and other major mental conditions.
Human Kinship: A Continuation of Politics by Other Means?
Authors: Rodseth Lars , Wrangham Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Our aim in this chapter is to describe and analyze the most common patterns of human kinship. In the anthropological literature, these patterns are often overshadowed by the enormous diversity of ethnographic cases. Human societies vary widely in the terms by which kin are classified, the rules that govern behavior toward kin in different categories, prohibitions on (or preferences for) marriage between kin, norms of residence, succession, and inheritance, and the treatment that kin are actually afforded. Our challenge is to capture the central tendencies of human kinship without forcing cultural variation into a single mold.
Residence Groups Among Hunter-Gatherers: A View of the Claims and Evidence for Patrilocal Bands
Authors: Alvarez Helen Perich 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The idea that patrilocal, exogamous bands are the simplest and oldest human social system was elaborated in influential detail in the early 1900s. Although challenges emerged, tallies of the residence rules among modern hunter-gatherers (Ember 1975, 1978) showing most to be patrilocal seemed convincing support. When evidence of female natal dispersal in chimpanzees and gorillas began to accumulate, the similarities between the male philopatry of African apes and the patrilocal bands of human huntergatherers stimulated influential hypotheses about phylogenetic features of the clade we share. On the grounds that features shared by living descendants were likely present in their common ancestor, researchers hypothesized that the ancestors of the African ape clade and all hominids were characterized by female natal dispersal, male philopatry, and defense of female ranges by male kin coalitions (Ghiglieri 1987, Wrangham 1987, Foley & Lee 1989, Rodseth et al. 1991). If true, this pattern places strong constraints on hypotheses about what happened in human evolution and the evolution of other hominoids.
Lavenham to London
Authors: Bremer Francis J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
OCTOBER 1498. Adam Winthrop was carrying his infant son, the next Adam, from his home to the church of Saints Peter and Paul sitting on the hill overlooking the prosperous town of Lavenham. There he would present the baby to the parish priest, Thomas Appleton, to be baptized according to the rites of the Catholic Church. Accompanying Adam were some of his friends from the parish, perhaps including members of the prominent Lavenham families, the Springs, the Risbys, and the Ponders. Jane Burton Winthrop, young Adam ‘s mother, was left lying in at home, denied entry into the holy precincts of the church until she was purified in a rite that usually came about a month after the childbirth. A booming regional economy, a strong sense of piety, and a desire to create monuments to that piety that would stand them in good stead when they went to their last judgment had recently prompted the Christians of Suffolk to expand and beautify the churches of the region, and nowhere was that more evident than in Lavenham. Just four years earlier the base of a new church tower had been laid, and plans were also under way to add a new chapel, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, on the north side of the chancel. Building supplies cluttered the church precincts, and the dust of construction floated in the air as the senior Winthrop and the friends he had chosen as sponsors, or godparents, met the priest at the south door of the church.
Youth
Authors: Bremer Francis J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With A Little Imagination we can see the young John Winthrop, aged eight, on a hot August morning in 1596, climbing Pitches Mount, the ancient earthwork about a half mile from his home. Together with some friends he was pretending to be living in a time when Saxon warriors built such fortifications to defend their settlements. On the Mount, away from the view of their parents, the youngsters could transport themselves back into those distant days and engage in playful recreations of battles, just as boys seem to have always done. On this day they approached the Mount from the east, having earlier in the day explored Groton Wood, the dense forest that brooded over the open fields of the region. Carrying bows and arrows, they were always alert for hares, a common feature of the land- scape. But John also kept track of the passing of time, as marked by the sun ‘s journey across the clear Suffolk sky. His father was expecting a visit from John Knewstub, the pastor of nearby Cockfield, and young John— fashioning himself in his mind as a clergyman—tried never to miss a chance to observe and listen to his father ‘s clerical friends.
The Godly Embattled
Authors: Bremer Francis J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It Is 1628, And John Winthrop was considering purchasing a London home. He held a much coveted position as attorney of the Court of Wards and Liveries, an office that could well make him rich were he to bow to the importunities of friends and temper his high moral standards. John had achieved far more success than he would have expected in the days when he was a young guest at Rochford Hall, but with success came new demands and new temptations. He was troubled, for he needed a larger in- come. Not only was he burdened with the costs of a long-running lawsuit in the nearby Court of Chancery, but his family continued to grow, and providing for his children was increasingly costly. His eldest son, John, had recently run up bills on a tour of the Levant. His son Henry was begging for parental help to rescue a struggling venture growing tobacco in Barbados. Forth Winthrop was a student at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, and had written more than once to gently remind his father that college fees hadn ‘t been paid. Then there was his daughter, Mary, for whom he would have to provide a dowry. In addition, the post he held came with expectations that he live in a manner seen as appropriate for such an official. He had been urged to give up his practice of living with his Downing or Fones kin or in his law chambers and to buy a London house where he could live and entertain during the court sessions.
The Best of Them Was But an Attorney
Authors: Bremer Francis J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Power and bring all the Assistants under his subjection.” The meeting broke up without any resolution, but in the following month the ministers evidently succeeded in calming the passions of the two, with Winthrop making a contribution toward establishing a minister in Newtown, which Dudley graciously returned. And, according to Winthrop, “notwithstanding the heat of contention which had been between the Governor and Deputy, yet they usually met about their affairs without any appearance of any breach or discontent.”36 Both men being loving fathers, the marriage around this time of Winthrop ‘s daughter, Mary, to Dudley ‘s son Samuel must have helped to bring the two together, though Winthrop would comment a year later that “some differences fell out still now and then between the Governor and the Deputy,” which were always soon healed. The stability of the colony was still fragile, however. Though resembling the forms of English government, the institutions of the Bay colony were not enhanced by long tradition, and none of the colony ‘s leaders came from the highest levels of English society to which the settlers had been taught to defer. One critic of the Court of Assistants, Thomas Dexter, complained that it was a “captious government [that] will bring all to nought” and further observed, speaking of Winthrop, “that the best of them was but an attorney.” Dexter had migrated in 1630 and had a history of challenging authority and suing his neighbors.
Struggling to Hold the Center
Authors: Bremer Francis J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Sun Had Yet To Burn the morning mists off the marshes along the Charles River as the first colonists began to gather on Newtown ‘s grazing common. The occasion was the election meeting of the freemen of Massachusetts Bay on May 17, 1637, which had been moved to Newtown from Boston by the March General Court. Some had crossed the Charles on ferries and walked north along creek lane until crossing a bridge near the town spring. Passing the burying ground, they came to the common and its ancient oak. Others traveled by road the entire way from Charlestown to the east and Watertown to the west. All who came overland entered through gates in the wooden palisade that surrounded most of the town. John Endecott had sailed from Salem to Boston, and then up the Charles to the Newtown dock, bringing with him some of his townsmen. As in elections for county members of Parliament in England, the size of the expected electorate made it essential that the vote be conducted outdoors. The cows and goats moved to the further stretches of the common as the number of men began to grow. Some freemen stretched out on the grass; others sheltered from the sun under the oak or other trees which still dotted the grassland. More than a few gathered around the public house recently opened by Thomas Chesholme as they waited for the election to be called. Most freemen tended to cluster with neighbors who had traveled with them. It was a lengthy journey for many, but the important issues facing the colony seemed to require it.
Miami, 1926
Authors: Emanuel Kerry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the summer of 1926, Miami, Florida, was beginning to suffer the economic and social hangover that often follows periods of rapid economic expansion and land speculation. According to legend, the city was founded after Julia Tuttle, a divorcée from Chicago and early settler, sent a bouquet of orange blossoms to the great railway tycoon Henry Flagler, to show him that south Florida had not suffered the devastating frost that had just affected the northern part of the state. Flagler had resisted earlier entreaties to extend his Florida East Coast Railway south from West Palm Beach, but the prospect of year-round good weather finally decided him. He extended his railroad, and the city of Miami was incorporated on July 18, 1896. The lure of warm weather, beautiful beaches, and cheap land drew many settlers to south Florida, which, by 1926, boasted a population of nearly three hundred thousand. In the three years between 1920 and 1923, the population of Miami itself doubled. During 1925 alone, more than $60 million worth of buildings were erected in the city. But by early 1926, the boom began to fizzle. Credit became scarce as stories of scams and corruption began to circulate, scaring away potential settlers and investors alike.
Hurricanes and Climate
Authors: Emanuel Kerry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two Louisiana State University graduate students balance precariously in a rubber dinghy, trying to lower an ungainly piece of equipment to the bottom of a marshy lake in coastal Alabama. They and their supervisor, Professor Kam-Biu Liu, are using the equipment to obtain long, cylindrical cores of sediments from the bottom of the lake. Back at the lab, their hopes are confirmed: interspersed among the thick layers of black, organic muck laid down when dead plants settled to the lake bottom are several thin layers of sand (Figure 32.1). Professor Liu and his student, Miriam Fearn, had hypothesized that when violent hurricanes make landfall near this lake, storm surges wash over the dunes separating the lake from the Gulf of Mexico, depositing sand in the lake bottom. Liu’s team carefully sections the core, sending the black organic layers to a laboratory for radiocarbon dating. High in the atmosphere, cosmic rays collide with isotopes of nitrogen and form an isotope of carbon, 14C, which rapidly oxidizes into an isotope of carbon dioxide, 14CO2. This gas makes its way down to the surface, where it is incorporated into plants in proportion to the amount in the atmosphere. But when the plants die, this carbon isotope is no longer exchanged with the atmosphere and decays radioactively.
Bodily Representations, Behavior, and the Brain
Authors: Schulkin Jay 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The great biological revolution beginning in the 19th century demythologized the body and placed it in nature: Adaptive, diverse, majestic in shape, these are all appropriate descriptions of the phenomenal body in nature. Intelligence could only mean, from Darwin’s perspective, adaptation. According to Darwin, intelligence takes on many forms and shapes, including that of the body serving as a vessel for problem solving. All those millennia and generations of evolving produced animals with internal as well as external adaptations to their environment that promote their survival.
Citizens’ Democracy: What Might Be Done
Authors: Gans Herbert J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The news media and journalists can do little to reduce the political imbalance between citizens and the economic, political, and other organizations that dominate America. Very different policies and politics must be pursued to move the country toward what I called citizens’ democracy in Chapter 1. Journalists could, however, play a role in several of them. Citizen’s democracy is that form of representative government that maximizes the political responsibilities, rights, and most important, the public decision making of citizens without imparing the function of the economic and political system.
Dickinson in Context: Nineteenth-Century American Women Poets
Authors: Walker Cheryl 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By now the feminist argument that Emily Dickinson should be read in the context of other nineteenth-century American women poets has a long history. To be sure, it is still a minor strain in Dickinson criticism, but what is minor, as the poet herself was fond of suggesting, can over time find a permanent place at the table. The first hint that this might happen came in 1977, when Emily Stipes Watts published her ambitious survey of American women poets and situated Dickinson among her peers, arguing that “In a variety of ways, . . . Dickinson’s poetry stands firmly within the developing tendencies of [nineteenth-century] American female verse.”
Illustrated Chronology
Authors: Pollak Vivian R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
1830: In the fall, Edward Emily Norcross Dickinson and small son William Austin move into The Homestead, which they share with Edward’s father and other family members. Birth of Emily Elizabeth Dickinson (December 10).
1830: Birth of poet, and Indian Rights activist Helen Maria Fiske (Helen Hunt Jackson) in Amherst. Massachusetts residents no longer required to pay taxes to support churches. Abraham Lincoln moves with his father’s family from Indiana to Illinois. There are thirteen million Americans.
Bilingual Visual Word Recognition and Lexical Access
Authors: Dijkstra Ton 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
However, although there is parallel lexical activation in both languages during bilingual word recognition, the actually observed result patterns also appear to be task depen-dent. A distinction must therefore be made between factors affecting the word identification system directly (such as sentence context) and factors affecting the task/ decision system (non linguistic context and task demands). Recent models of bilingual word recognition are discussed with respect to these two types of factors.
Automaticity in Bilingualism and Second Language Learning
Authors: Segalowitz Norman , Hulstijn Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we examine automaticity in light of the role it might play in second language acquisition and in bilingual functioning. We review various theoretical and operational definitions of automaticity, considering their respective strengths, limitations, and challenges they present to researchers studying automaticity in the context of bilingualism. Studies are reviewed regarding automaticity in grammar acquisition and in lexical access and the connection between automaticity and attention in second language acquisition. The implications of automaticity for second language instruction are also discussed.
What Can Functional Neuroimaging Tell Us About the Bilingual Brain?
Authors: Abutalebi Jubin , Cappa Stefano F , Perani Daniela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the past decade, functional neuroimaging technologies such as positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging have enabled neuroscientists to examine the spatial and temporal mechanisms of cognitive functioning and to probe online the close relationship between brain and mind. The advent of these noninvasive neuroimaging techniques opened a new era in the investigation of language organization in healthy individuals. The main focus of the present chapter is to provide an overview of the most relevant results that have so far been achieved in the field of the exploration of the cerebral basis of bilingualism using functional neuroimaging techniques and to discuss which conclusions may be drawn from these studies.
More Than a Trend: Abolition in the Developed Nations
Authors: Zimring Franklin E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In September 1977, Hamida Djandoubi was led to his death by guillotine in southern France and so became an important figure in the history of modern Europe. His place in history was not a function of the enormity of his crime. Mr. Djandoubi was a Tunisian agricultural worker who had been convicted of murdering a female acquaintance, a garden-variety homicide in any nation. What set his execution apart, however, was that it was to be the last state execution in Western Europe in the twentieth century and perhaps for all time (Forst 1999, p. 112). When compared with the recent events in the United States, the events in the other developed democracies in the last quarter of the twentieth century are remarkable in two respects. The first is that as recently as the late 1970s, the situation in the other developed democracies was not much different from conditions in the United States. In 1977, only one person was executed in the United States: Gary Gilmore became the first offender put to death in a decade. But that same year, France beheaded two homicide offenders.
The Consequences of Contradictory Values
Authors: Zimring Franklin E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The United States is the world capital of mixed feelings about the death penalty. When executions are delayed, citizens get angry. But when short-cuts are used to accelerate executions, many of the same citizens worry about potential injustice. Why is this? The continuing controversy about capital punishment is the result of a clash of two inconsistent value traditions that cannot coexist. Conducting executions is inconsistent with one fundamental tenet of American culture. But stopping executions violates a second cultural tradition with deep roots in our history. There is no low-conflict path out of the chronic clash of cultures. And any significant shift from the impossible status quo will require a change in long-standing cultural traditions.
Introduction
Authors: Curnutt Kirk 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
F. Scott Fittzgerald (1896-1940) belongs to that handful of American writers whose life stories threaten to overshadow their art. As also the case with Mark Twain, Ernest Hemingway, and Jack Kerouac, popular culture remembers the author of The Great Gatsby as much for his exploits and tragedies as for the influential and enduring literature he produced during his brief career. When pressed to name one of Fitzgerald’s literary accomplishments, few readers are capable of citing more than the title of his aforementioned 1925 classic or that of his second best-known work, Tender Is the Night (1934). Yet many who remain un-familiar with his actual writing can recount at least a fragment of his personal history: He was young and famous in the 1920s; he invented the flapper and coined the term “jazz Age”; he served as spokesman for the “Lost Generation”; he drank a lot; he died young after falling out of fashion. And, oh yes-his wife went crazy.
Fitzgerald and War
Authors: Meredith James H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
War is an essential element of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s work. While Fitzgerald’s fiction, like Arnold’s “Dover Beach,” is primarily focused on love, war’s “confused alarms of struggle” are never far removed. Throughout his adult life, Fitzgerald deeply regretted that he never clashed in combat among “ignorant armies” because like the majority of unwitting young men of his generation, he believed that war was a necessary test of manhood. Of even greater importance to him, heroic death would have been a matter of aristocratic virtue, a recognition that he had achieved the social prominence he always craved.
Mental Disability Law, Policy, and Service Delivery
Authors: Petrila John , Levin Bruce Lubotsky 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As a discrete body of law, mental health law has focused on the conflict between individual autonomy and government intervention designed to provide treatment or protection from risk. This traditional focus is not surprising. Mental health law first emerged in the mid-1960s, when most people with serious mental illnesses were confined to large, often grossly inadequate state psychiatric hospitals. Adopting tactics and arguments first used in the African-American civil rights movement, lawyers argued that mental illness alone should not deprive an individual of his or her civil rights. Federal judges assumed control over state hospitals and ruled that state civil commitment statutes violated constitutional rights to liberty and due process, and in a number of states administrators of public mental health systems engaged in friendly litigation designed to bring more state resources into underfunded public mental health systems. The federal courts were the dominant force in the first two decades of mental health law, and the roles of the legislative and executive branches of government were often secondary.