bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of the impact of social disruptions on food security and food choice
Authors: Munialo Claire D. , Mellor Duane D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAt times of severe social disruption, be that war, conflict, pandemic, or economic downturn, both the availability and consumption of healthy dietary patterns can be adversely affected with any effects often outlasting the initial social disruption. For instance, when the COVID‐19 pandemic hit and lockdown restrictions followed, households were reported to consume unhealthy diets. In some cases, this seemed to be a response to the situation and a coping mechanism. In contrast, in other cases, it was a consequence of limited food availability or access, with some communities finding that fresh foods became difficult to source due to the disruption in global supply chains. The example presented by the impact of conflict in Ukraine, which has also disrupted global food supply chains, at a macrolevel, food systems and at a microlevel, individual and community shows that food choices may respond to different global events in similar ways. Therefore, in this review, a range of events/disruptions are considered, beyond pandemics and wars, including climate disasters (e.g., fire, famine, and floods) that have been shown to impact food supply and consequently, food security. The importance of this can be seen as inadequate and nutritionally poor diets have a concomitant effect on health, which extends beyond the initial period of societal stress and disruption of food supply chains. Hence, the impact of such disruptions on consumer behavior which includes food choice needs to be corroborated. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the impact of such disruptions on consumer behavior and food choices. Additionally, this review provides some practical strategies that can be used to ensure the availability of healthy diets.
Cichoric acid improves isoproterenol‐induced myocardial fibrosis via inhibition of HK1/NLRP3 inflammasome‐mediated signaling pathways by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis
Authors: Cheng Xizhen , Zhang Yuling , Guo Haochuan , Li Xinnong , Wang Yanan , Song Yongxing , Wang Hongfang , Ma Donglai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCichoric acid (CA), a natural phenolic compound found in many plants, has been reported to have antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and other effects. The aim of this study was to determine the potential role and underlying mechanisms of CA in isoproterenol (ISO)‐induced myocardial fibrosis (MF). The MF model was induced by subcutaneous ISO injection in mice. Blood and heart tissue were collected for examination. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's trichrome staining were used to evaluate the histopathological changes and collagen deposition. The production of reactive oxygen species markers was observed by fluorescence microscopy, the degree of cardiomyocyte microstructure injury was observed by transmission electron microscope, and oxidative stress factors were detected by kit method, and the effect of CA on inflammatory factors was detected by ELISA. The expression levels of collagen proteins and signaling pathways were further investigated by western blotting. The results showed that CA inhibited the expression of ISO‐induced proinflammatory factors (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐18) and proteins (HK1, NLRP3, caspase‐1, cleaved‐caspase‐1, and ASC), and regulated the expression of apoptotic factors (caspase‐3, cleaved‐caspase‐3, Bax, and Bcl‐2). The results indicated that CA may regulate the HK1/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway by inhibiting HK1 expression and play a protective role in MF.
The Chief Wellness Officer: A long overdue catalyst for systemic change in Emergency Medicine
Authors: Walia Shabana , Nordenholz Kristen E. , Krywko Diann , Norvell Jeffrey G. , Hewitt Keia VR , Parmele Katerina Tsapos , Levin Randall M. , Kennedy Joseph , Manfredi Rita A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGoalsThe American healthcare system is amid a burnout epidemic, worsened by COVID, that must be addressed expeditiously and with high priority. The burden Emergency Physicians encountered before and during the pandemic is well known, with countless healthcare workers exiting the work force. A Chief Wellness Officer (CWO) is a senior leader who works primarily to cultivate organisational wellness and to foster and promote a culture of well‐being throughout an institution. Specifically, the CWO assists the health system leadership promote clinician engagement and address clinician burnout. This paper explores the status of existing CWOs, and cites the benefits, impacts, and barriers to implementation of a CWO, with focus on the field of Emergency Medicine (EM).MethodsA steering committee of wellness experts was formed from a national EM organisation. A purposive search and literature review using search terms relating to CWOs was completed. Publications were examined for relevance and recency. The committee created an online questionnaire surveying current US CWOs, conducted personal interviews, and met through regular focused meetings. A framework delineating the role of a CWO as an organisation evolves from instituting novice wellness interventions to expert organisational innovations was created.Principle FindingsDespite their title, CWOs are not regularly included in c‐suite decisions. Barriers to instituting a CWO include perceived financial cost, the medical system itself, and physician resistance. Defining and measuring objective return on investment may be a solution to overcoming barriers. CWOs who create comprehensive institutional wellness innovations bring organisations to the highest proficient and expert levels of wellness practices, positively affecting physician engagement and deflecting burnout. CWOs instituting novice and beginner levels of wellness interventions, especially in EM, only modestly impact individual wellness practices.Practical ApplicationsA CWO and team with an organisational voice and a C‐suite stakeholder's seat are essential to centralising and leading effective wellness efforts and innovations in EM and other specialities. This team will improve the work environment and culture and begin to fix our broken healthcare system and providers.
Advanced wound management approaches in Hidradenitis Suppurativa postsurgical lesions
Authors: Michelucci Alessandra , Janowska Agata , Granieri Giammarco , Margiotta Flavia M. , Morganti Riccardo , Romanelli Marco , Dini Valentina 
Published: October 2023

Key messages

The most appropriate management of recurrent Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) lesions consists of wide surgical removal of the lesions with subsequent healing by second intention. Successful wound healing depends on the choice of an adequate wound dressing, targeted to the features of the wound.
We enrolled 25 patients randomized into three groups according to the advanced dressing used in second intention healing of postsurgical wounds (standard therapy, an oxygen‐enriched oil‐based medical device with prolonged release of reactive oxygen species [ROS], ultra‐portable negative pressure therapy). Data on wound size, clinical appearance of the wound bed, and pain experienced by the patient were collected twice a week for 4 weeks
No statistically significant differences were observed between the different groups evaluated. Oxygen‐enriched oil‐based medical device with prolonged release of ROS can be included in the principle of HS—tissue, inflammation, moisture, and epithelium (TIME).
Neonatal mortality and its predictors among neonates in Jabitehnan district, Northwest Ethiopia: A single‐arm retrospective cohort study
Authors: Dessie Anteneh Mengist , Nigatu Dabere , Yadita Zemenu Shiferaw , Yimer Yalemwork Anteneh , Yalew Anteneh Kassa , Aychew Eden Workneh , Feleke Sefineh Fenta 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsNeonatal period is the most vulnerable time in which children face the greatest risk of death. Worldwide, each year, millions of newborns died in the first month of life. Sub‐Saharan Africa, Ethiopia, in particular, is largely affected. However, there is a dearth of information regarding the survival status of neonates and determinants of their mortality in the study area. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating neonatal mortality and its predictors in Jabitehnan district, Northwest Ethiopia.MethodA single‐arm community‐based retrospective cohort study was conducted in March 2021 among 952 neonates born between August 2020 and February 2021. Data were collected by a semi‐structured questionnaire, and a multistage stratified sampling technique was employed to select one urban and 10 rural kebeles from the district. Then, the total sample size was proportionally allocated to these selected kebeles. Neonatal death was ascertained by community diagnosis. Kaplan–Meier curve was used to estimate survival time. Cox regression was used to identify factors, the hazard ratio was estimated, and a p‐value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe neonatal mortality rate was 44 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 33–60) per 1000 live births; and the incidence rate was 1.64 (95% CI: 1.21–2.23) per 1000 neonate days. Three‐quarters of deaths occurred in the first week of life. Medium household wealth index (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 3.54; 95 CI: 1.21–10.35), increased number of pregnancies (AHR = 1.22; 95%CI: 1.01–1.47), being male (AHR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.12–5.35) and not starting breastfeeding in the first hour of life (AHR = 4.00; 95% CI: 1.52–11.10) were found to be predictors of neonatal mortality.ConclusionNeonatal mortality was high compared to the national target. Wealth, number of pregnancies, sex of the neonate, and breastfeeding initiation were factors associated with neonatal death. Hence, strengthening interventions such as providing sexual education in the population, considering households with a medium wealth index in the exemption service, and counseling mothers about early breastfeeding initiation would improve neonatal survival.
Identification of ferroptosis‐related genes in type 2 diabetes mellitus based on machine learning
Authors: Wang Sen , Lu Yongpan , Chi Tingting , Zhang Yixin , Zhao Yuli , Guo Huimin , Feng Li 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which has a high incidence and several harmful consequences, poses a severe danger to human health. Research on the function of ferroptosis in T2DM is increasing. This study uses bioinformatics techniques identify new diagnostic T2DM biomarkers associated with ferroptosis.MethodsTo identify ferroptosis‐related genes (FRGs) that are differentially expressed between T2DM patients and healthy individuals, we first obtained T2DM sequencing data and FRGs from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and FerrDb database. Then, drug‐gene interaction networks and competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks linked to the marker genes were built after marker genes were filtered by two machine learning algorithms (LASSO and SVM‐RFE algorithms). Finally, to confirm the expression of marker genes, the GSE76895 dataset was utilized. The protein and RNA expression of some marker genes in T2DM and nondiabetic tissues was also examined by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF) and quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR).ResultsWe obtained 58 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with ferroptosis. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in hypoxia and ferroptosis. Subsequently, eight marker genes (SCD, CD44, HIF1A, BCAT2, MTF1, HILPDA, NR1D2, and MYCN) were screened by LASSO and SVM‐RFE machine learning algorithms, and a model was constructed based on these eight genes. This model also has high diagnostic power. In addition, based on these eight genes, we obtained 48 drugs and constructed a complex ceRNA network map. Finally, Western blotting, IHC, IF, and qRT‐PCR results of clinical samples further confirmed the results of public databases.ConclusionsThe diagnosis and aetiology of T2DM can be greatly aided by eight FRGs, providing novel therapeutic avenues.
Visceral and ectopic fat are more predictively associated with primary liver cancer than overall obesity from genetic sights: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xu Fei‐Qi , Xu Qing‐Yun , Zhu Zhang‐Ji , Jin Lei , Ye Tai‐Wei , Du Cheng‐Fei , Gao Zhen‐Yu , Huang Xiao‐Kun , Zhang Zhe , Jin Li‐Ming , Yao Wei‐Feng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSeveral observational studies have reported an association between obesity and primary liver cancer (PLC), while the causality behind this association and the comparison of the risk effects of different obesity indicators on PLC remain unclear. In this study, we performed two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess the associations of genetically determined liver fat, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and body mass index (BMI) with the risk of PLC. The summary statistics of exposures were obtained from two genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) based on the UK Biobank (UKB) imaging cohort and the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging (GERA) cohort. GWAS summary statistics for PLC were obtained from FinnGen consortium R7 release data, including 304 PLC cases and 218 488 controls. Inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) was used as the primary analysis, and a series of sensitivity analyses were performed to further verify the robustness of these findings. IVW analysis highlighted a significant association of genetically determined liver fat (OR per SD increase: 7.14; 95% CI: 5.10‐9.99;P = 2.35E‐30) and VAT (OR per SD increase: 5.70; 95% CI: 1.32‐24.72;P = .020) with PLC but not of BMI with PLC. The findings were further confirmed by a series of MR methods. No evidence of horizontal pleiotropy between these associations existed. Our study suggested that genetically determined liver fat and VAT rather than BMI were associated with an increased risk of PLC, which suggested that visceral fat distribution is more predictive of the clinical risk of PLC than common in vitro measures.
Advances in non‐clear cell renal cell carcinoma management: From heterogeneous biology to treatment options
Authors: Wilson Nathaniel R. , Acikgoz Yusuf , Hasanov Elshad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNon‐clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) makes up nearly one quarter of all RCC subtypes, commonly impacts younger patients, and is often metastatic at presentation. Compared to clear‐cell RCC (ccRCC), nccRCC typically has a worse prognosis in the metastatic setting, with overall survival durations that are ~10 months shorter. The nccRCC consists of a wide range of different histological subtypes, the majority of which are composed of papillary, chromophobe, renal medullary carcinoma, translocation RCC, collecting duct carcinoma and unclassified RCC. Most clinical trials have either excluded or only included small numbers of patients with nccRCC; owing to the lack of prospective studies focusing on this population, data on response rates and survival outcomes are lacking. NccRCC treatment is a nascent field with various therapeutic modalities and combinations under investigation, often based on data extrapolated from therapeutic studies in ccRCC. We herein review the use and outcomes of cytotoxic chemotherapy, various combination modalities of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, and targeted agents. We discuss active ongoing clinical trials for patients with nccRCC and future directions in the treatment of this rare disease. Historically, treatment for nccRCC has been adopted from the standard of care for patients with ccRCC, although these treatments are less effective in the nccRCC population. As we begin to understand the underlying biology of these tumors, clinical trials have been able to slowly accrue and include more patients with various subtypes of nccRCC. There remains much room for improvement in this area of need, but there is hope on the horizon.
Successful pregnancy and delivery in a female with pituitary stalk interruption syndrome following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhang Jun , Liu Xiao‐Tong , Zhou Xing‐Yu , Liu Yu‐Dong , Wang Zhe , Chen Shi‐Ling 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) in female patients is mainly characterized by short stature, primary amenorrhea, absent or incomplete sexual maturation, and infertility. Successful pregnancies among these patients are rare. In this report, we describe a successful pregnancy and delivery in a 28‐year‐old Chinese woman with PSIS following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. The patient exhibited typical symptoms, including multiple pituitary hormone deficiency, typical triad signs in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), undetectable serum gonadotropins and estradiol levels, and invisible antral follicles in both ovaries. During the first attempted controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycle, 14 oocytes were retrieved and six embryos were acquired. Artificial endometrial preparation and frozen–thawed embryo transfer were performed, resulting in a clinical pregnancy after the transfer of a day 5 blastocyst. The patient was closely monitored throughout the pregnancy and multiple hormone dosages were modulated accordingly. She delivered a healthy boy by elective cesarean section, and the newborn developed normally during a 1‐year follow‐up period. This is the first report of a successful live birth in a woman with PSIS achieved through in vitro fertilization and frozen–thawed embryo transfer. A literature review on this topic is also presented.
Artificial intelligence for cervical cancer screening: Scoping review, 2009–2022
Authors: Vargas‐Cardona Hernán Darío , Rodriguez‐Lopez Mérida , Arrivillaga Marcela , Vergara‐Sanchez Carlos , García‐Cifuentes Juan P. , Bermúdez Paula C. , Jaramillo‐Botero Andres 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) with cancer research is increasing, and many of the advances have focused on the analysis of cancer images.ObjectivesTo describe and synthesize the literature on the diagnostic accuracy of AI in early imaging diagnosis of cervical cancer following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR).Search StrategyArksey and O'Malley methodology was used and PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched using a combination of English and Spanish keywords.Selection CriteriaIdentified titles and abstracts were screened to select original reports and cross‐checked for overlap of cases.Data Collection and AnalysisA descriptive summary was organized by the AI algorithm used, total of images analyzed, data source, clinical comparison criteria, and diagnosis performance.Main ResultsWe identified 32 studies published between 2009 and 2022. The primary sources of images were digital colposcopy, cervicography, and mobile devices. The machine learning/deep learning (DL) algorithms applied in the articles included support vector machine (SVM), random forest classifier, k‐nearest neighbors, multilayer perceptron, C4.5, Naïve Bayes, AdaBoost, XGboots, conditional random fields, Bayes classifier, convolutional neural network (CNN; and variations), ResNet (several versions), YOLO+EfficientNetB0, and visual geometry group (VGG; several versions). SVM and DL methods (CNN, ResNet, VGG) showed the best diagnostic performances, with an accuracy of over 97%.ConclusionWe concluded that the use of AI for cervical cancer screening has increased over the years, and some results (mainly from DL) are very promising. However, further research is necessary to validate these findings.
An experiment on the link between risk preferences and the willingness to become a farmer
Authors: Nainggolan Lukas B. , Rommel Jens 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the link between risk preferences of agricultural students and their willingness to become a farmer. We conducted an incentivized experiment with 577 students of an agricultural university in Indonesia. Discriminating between alternative theories of decision‐making under risk, we find that students' risk preferences behave in accordance with cumulative prospect theory, but risk preferences are not predictive of students' willingness to become a farmer. Framing the experimental lottery task in either an agricultural or a general entrepreneurship context does not alter the predictive power for the willingness to become a farmer. Our results contribute to the debates on risk and farm generational renewal, as well as the (lack of) parallelism in behavioral field experiments.
Species differences in small intestinal exposure‐related epithelial vacuolation in rats and dogs treated with a heteroaryldihydropyrimidine molecule
Authors: Dai Jieyu , Chen Tao , Meng Ryan , Jardi Ferran , Kourula Stephanie , Pham Ly , De Jonghe Sandra , De Smedt Ann , Frisk Anna‐Lena , Xie Jianxun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSmall intestinal epithelial vacuolation induced by a heteroaryldihydropyrimidine compound (HAP‐1) was observed in rats but not in dogs at termination in screening toxicity studies, despite the plasma exposure being higher in dogs. To understand the species differences, investigational studies with multiple time points following single dose (SD) and 7‐day repeated dose (RD) were conducted in both species at doses resulting in comparable plasma exposures. In rats, epithelial vacuolation in the duodenum and jejunum were observed at all time points. In dogs, transient vacuolation was noted at 8 h post‐SD (SD_8h) and 4 h post‐RD (RD_4 h), but not at termination (RD_24 h). Special stains demonstrated lipid accumulation within enterocytes in both species and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in rats. Transmission electron microscopy identified these inclusion bodies as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranous structures. Transcriptomic analysis on jejunal mucosa at SD_8 h and RD_24 h revealed perturbations of lipid metabolism‐related genes at SD_8 h in both species, but not at RD_24 h in dogs. ER stress‐related gene changes at both time points were observed in rats only. Despite comparable HAP‐1 plasma exposures, the duodenum and jejunum tissue concentrations of HAP‐1 and acyl glucuronide metabolite were >5‐ and >30‐fold higher in rats than in dogs, respectively. In vitro, similar cytotoxicity was observed in rat and dog duodenal organoids treated with HAP‐1. In conclusion, HAP‐1‐induced intestinal epithelial vacuolation was related to lipid metabolism dysregulation in both species and ER‐related injuries in rats only. The species differences were likely related to the difference in intestinal exposure to HAP‐1 and its reactive metabolite.
Demonstrating drug treatment efficacies by monitoring superoxide dynamics in human lung cancer cells with time‐lapse fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Konjalwar Shalaka , Ceyhan Busenur , Rivera Oscar , Nategh Parisa , Neghabi Mehrnoosh , Pavlovic Mirjana , Allani Shailaja , Ranji Mahsa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMetformin hydrochloride, an antihyperglycemic agent, and sulindac, a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, are FDA‐approved drugs known to exert anticancer effects. Previous studies demonstrated sulindac and metformin's anticancer properties through mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I and key signaling pathways. In this study, various drugs were administered to A549 lung cancer cells, and results revealed that a combination of sulindac and metformin enhanced cell death compared to the administration of the drugs separately. To measure superoxide production over time, we employed a time‐lapse fluorescence imaging technique using mitochondrial‐targeted hydroethidine. Fluorescence microscopy data showed the most significant increases in superoxide production in the combination treatment of metformin and sulindac. Results showed significant differences between the combined drug treatment and control groups and between the positive control and control groups. This approach can be utilized to quantify the anticancer efficacy of drugs, creating possibilities for additional therapeutic options.