bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain Surgery for PD Symptoms: Thalamotomy, Pallidotomy, and Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Ahlskog J Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we consider surgeries that can be performed to treat the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). These are not experimental and currently are being done at many hospitals in the United States and around the world. The surgeries described in this chapter are generally covered by standard health insurance policies, provided that you meet the criteria. The surgeries we will address are employed for specific problems encountered in PD. They fall into two general categories: brain lesioning and deep brain stimulation.
Measuring Emotional Intelligence: Promises, Pitfalls, Solutions?
Authors: Matthews Gerald , Zeidner, Moshe , Roberts Richard D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From the beginnings of scientific study, intelligence researchers have been concerned with mental abilities that go beyond the narrowly cognitive (Bowman, Markham, & Roberts, 2002). At least part of this attraction appears driven by a positive, egalitarian message; that there is more to destiny than academic-cognitive intelligence (Kyllonen, Roberts, & Stankov, 2006). Thus, pioneers of the field, including Thorndike, Guilford, and Wechsler, addressed constructs such as social intelligence, with rather limited success (see Matthews, Zeidner, & Roberts, 2002). The latest construct of this kind is emotional intelligence (El), which may be loosely defined as a set of interrelated abilities for identifying, understanding, and managing emotions. The concept of EI has had a far-reaching popular impact, to the extent that it has spawned several mainstream best-sellers, and been named, by the American Dialect Society, among the most useful new words or phrases of the late twentieth century.
Interview with the Mother
Authors: Shneidman Edwin S . 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Without exception, the interviews with each of the seven family members and two professionals went well. We had good rapport and mutual respect. All nine interviews were done within one 6-month period, all within a few months of Arthur’s death. Although an established protocol exists for conducting a psychological autopsy, with these nine special people I certainly did not have a checklist of questions. Common sense (and common courtesy) dictated the flow of talk.
Interview with the Father
Authors: Shneidman Edwin S . 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
DAD: I am Arthur’s father. I’m a physician. I’ve always been a family man, very much involved in my children’s life and concerned with them and proud of them; and Arthur gave me much delight over the years. To me he was a wonderful, loving son. I’m divorced from his mother for many years, since he was ten years old. His older brother was twelve and his sisters were seven and three. We had joint custody with the children, and the kids would be with me for one week and with their mother for one week. Until the time of the divorce, from the time Arthur was born, I would consider myself to have been an involved father. I used to read him stories and play games with him and help him with his homework. We were in Indian Guides together, and we would do projects together in the house. He had very difficult years of growing up while we were married; he went into therapy when he was approximately seven years old and used to have—I’d call them tantrums. He didn’t seem to have a good image of himself; whereas his older brother was much more academic and much more athletic, Arthur developed very slowly in those areas. At twelve he was going to therapy, and he was acting out really very physically, fighting with his brother, running out of the house, breaking things, and doing very poorly academically in school. Then, when he was about twelve, there seemed to be sort of a metamorphosis, a whole change in him, where he did a project on Hannibal crossing the Alps.
Consultation by John T. Maltsberger, M.D.
Authors: Shneidman Edwin S . 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
You can read in the Book of Judges about an ancient general named Sisera, who could gain no advantage in battle: Try as he might, he was on the wrong side; God was against him, and he was doomed to perish before he ever started to fight. (It was Sisera who died when Jael drove a tent peg into his temple.) Deborah, the prophetess, sang of him: From heaven fought the stars, from their courses they fought against Sisera.
Interview with the Pal
Authors: Shneidman Edwin S . 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
PAL: I met him in summer camp, we were cocounselors. For the year or two that we were counselors, we were friends, but we weren’t actually that close. And then we went to the university together. We were freshmen there together, and I didn’t know anybody, and I remember calling him, saying, “Hey, I’m coming; let’s hang out, please.” And so we became very close very quickly once college started. I remember going through a lot of change together; that’s when we started investing in an emotional relationship, something that was real. And it gradually just got stronger and stronger, continued getting stronger and stronger, and there was some acknowledgment maybe when we would talk about it—maybe ten years ago—that maybe we truly were best friends; and I felt comfortable with him. It’s hard to explain; it’s a feeling that you can do whatever you want in front of the person, that was it; and vice versa. And we both felt that way. I moved here right after college, so we’ve always been around for each other. It’s hard to describe Arthur: He was unique and very talented in many ways; he was very likeable; a very like- able, easy person; all my friends liked him. He was tough and stub- born and really liked to engage and get into issues and debate, but in a very nonabrasive, nonthreatening way. He was a sweet guy.
Velocity Distribution.
Authors: Dingman S Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Previous chapters have discussed the velocity of individual fluid elements (point velocities), denoted as ux, uy, uz, and the average velocity through a stream cross section, denoted as U. The main objective of the present chapter is to explore the connection between point velocities and cross-section average velocity by developing physically sound quantitative descriptions of the distribution of velocity in cross sections.
Coping with Aging
Authors: Lazarus Richard S , Lazarus Bernice N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Coping with Aging is the final project of the late Richard S. Lazarus, the man whose landmark book Emotion and Adaptation put the study of emotion in play in the field of psychology. In this volume, Lazarus examines the experience of aging from the standpoint of the individual, rather than as merely a collection of statistics and charts. This technique is in line with his long-standing belief that experiences should be looked at in their specific contexts, rather than squeezed into an overly general statistical viewpoint that loses the subjects' motivations. Drawing on his five decades of pioneering research, Lazarus looks aging, emotion, and coping, and stability and change in both environment and personality. Because Lazarus mixes academic rigor with everyday examples, this volume will be both useful to scholars and accessible to the lay audience that has so much gain from a systematic understanding of aging and emotion.
The First Branch of Government Theory and Practice
Authors: Mann Thomas E , Ornstein Norman J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Congress Is The “First Branch Of Government.” That characterization, familiar to all civics students, is there because Congress is empowered and framed in the first article of the Constitution. Its placement there is no accident: the framers wanted it clear that Congress was to be first among equals of the three branches. Article One is twice as long as Article Two, on the executive branch, and four times as long as Article Three, on the judiciary. Each branch is given unique powers, with many overlapping, but it is clear, when push comes to shove, that Congress can trump the other two branches by overriding a presidential veto, by changing the size or jurisdiction of the courts, by impeaching and removing from office presidents and justices alike. Not that Congress should as a matter of course dominate politics and policy making at the expense of the other two branches. The Constitution is most certainly not a charter for legislative supremacy.
The Case of Continuity
Authors: Mann Thomas E , Ornstein Norman J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On The Brilliantly Clear and beautiful morning of September 11, 2001, when hijacked planes hit the World Trade Center buildings and the Pentagon, the Capitol was a busy place. The House of Representatives was in session, doing morning business. Lots of committees were meeting formally and informally. Many members, staffers, lobbyists, and tour groups were on the grounds, outside or on the steps on the East Front. News that a plane had hit the World Trade Center was met with intense interest but no notable reaction. The second hit—and the visible sights and sounds of the plane hitting the Pentagon only a few miles away—brought a reaction akin to chaos. The top congressional leaders—Speaker, House Minority Leader, Senate Majority and Minority Leaders— were quickly hustled away to an undisclosed location. The rest of the lawmakers, staff, and others were not given any directions or news. Without an evacuation plan, many lingered for several hours on or near the Capitol grounds.
The Developmental Tasks of Middle Childhood
Authors: Coll Cynthia García , Marks Amy Kerivan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To begin to capture the complex contextual influences on children of immigrants’ identity development and academic pathways, we have chosen to focus our studies on the period of development often referred to as “middle childhood.” This period, ranging roughly between the ages of 6 and 12 years, is a crucial time in children’s development (Eccles, 1999; Huston & Ripke, 2006). Yet, most of the literature has tended to neglect this developmental period. We know a fair amount about the first 3 years of life, about preschoolers, and about adolescents (unfortunately, in the latter stage, mostly about their problems), but little about the normative processes in middle childhood. Before we could begin our studies, then, we needed to build a thorough understanding of what developmental processes and milestones are currently known to be important to children of this age and consider how to apply these past developmental studies to our research with children of immigrants.
Why is increasing our knowledge about middle childhood important? We contend that pathways that are created, initiated, or maintained during middle childhood put children onto certain life trajectories and not others. Many life course research projects start such analyses in adolescence, since trajectories and decisions made in that developmental period (i.e., continue education, start work, start parenthood, etc.) are clearly implicated for later life trajectories (e.g., MacMillan & Eliason, 2003). In contrast, we propose that patterns established and decisions made in middle childhood are just as critical in determining later outcomes.
The Children of Immigrants: Development in Context (CIDC) Study
Authors: Coll Cynthia García , Marks Amy Kerivan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In order to study ethnic identity and academic pathways among children of immigrants, we first had to conceive of a theoretical framework and set of methodologies that would meet our study’s specific goals and needs. To do this in a way that would explain both individual and group similarities and differences in developmental processes across our Cambodian, Dominican, and Portuguese groups, we adopted a “mixed methods” approach for our research. Using theory and methods from sociological, anthropological, and psychological disciplines, we created a “mixture” of concepts and measures suited to understand our research questions from both qualitative (i.e., descriptions used to characterize developmental processes and contexts) and quantitative (i.e., specific psychological processes captured using scales and numbers), across our diverse group of children of immigrants. This chapter is an integrative presentation of our theory and related methodologies that served as the basis for our study; results from our study are described in detail in further chapters. We conclude this chapter with some important practical information to describe how we went about collecting our data (please see Appendix A for quantitative descriptive information on measures used throughout the study).
The New Security and the Use of Military Power
Authors: Hart Gary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thus far, this essay has considered ways in which the United States may deploy its economic and political power to define a new role in a new world. Consideration must now be given to the uses of military power to achieve its strategic objectives—its large purposes. Great powers throughout history have successfully maintained their status over time only when they possessed the genius to imagine, and the will to pursue, a systematic plan to dedicate the means they possessed to the achievement of large national purposes. Lacking a grand strategy, the United States is today seen by too many peoples of the world as a great power without purpose—a giant that pronounces rather than listens—and thus as a great danger.
Who We Are Temptations of Empire
Authors: Hart Gary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The United States will sacrifice its character as a republic if it aspires to the role of empire, even a benign and liberal empire. “It is a rare moment and special opportunity in his- tory when the acknowledged dominant global power seeks neither territory nor political empire,” observed one group of Americans (perhaps too hastily). For several reasons this issue is central to America’s character: the resources required to maintain the empire, the political transformation required in the United States, and the change in cultural values an empire requires.
Pictorial Recognition As An Unlearned Ability:A Study Of One Child’s Performance
Authors: Hochberg Julian , Brooks Virginia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Anecdotes about primitive people who are unable to identify pictured objects suggest the hypothesis that pictorial recognition is a learned ability. In a weaker form of this hypothesis, learning might be held essential for the recognition of line drawings (compare Gibson’s ‘‘ghost shapes’’), while the native recognition of photographs, with their higher ‘‘fidelity,’’ would be admitted. The present investigation was designed to determine whether a child who had been taught his vocabulary solely by the use of objects, and who had received no instruction or training whatsoever concerning pictorial meaning or content, could recognize objects portrayed by two-dimensional line drawings and by photographs.
Recognition Of Faces: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Hochberg Julian , Galper Ruth Ellen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Shepard (1967) recently reported data suggesting that Ss can retain enough information from single brief exposures of each of approximately 600 pictures of objects to be able subsequently to recognize them all. The present experiments determined that a short version of Shepard’s procedure is suitable for exploring how people perceive and remember faces, since recognition scores are high, yet responsive to transformation (i.e., inversion) which reduces the recognizability of faces without changing the stimulus configurations.
Higher-Order Stimuli And Inter-Response Coupling In The Perception Of The Visual World
Authors: Hochberg Julian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gibson’s most intriguing and most powerful concept, and one that unites and underlies many of his far-flung interests and proposals, is his idea that there exist higher-order variables of stimulation to which the properties of the objects and events that we perceive are the direct and immediate response. His proposal is that many or most of the properties of the perceived world are evoked directly by the variables of stimulation that the sensory system receives from the normal ecology and are not the end products of associative processes in which kinesthetic and other imagery come to enrich twodimensional and meaningless visual sensations with tridimensional depth and object meaning.
Film Cutting And Visual Momentum
Authors: Hochberg Julian , Brooks Virginia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We perceive the world by means of successive sensory samples. In vision, this means by sequences of views. Most view sequences are obtained by the viewer’s own perceptuomotor acts. Some view sequences are given to the viewer by a filmmaker, and these often consist of sequences of nonoverlapping views. There are two general kinds of answers to the question of how we combine our successive glances into a coherent perceptual world: These are (1) the compensatory, or subtractive, explanations, whether based on extraretinal signals (cf. Martin, 1976; Sedgwick & Festinger, 1976; Skavenski, 1976) or on the transformations of the visual image (Gibson, 1954, 1957, 1966; Johansson, 1974); and (2) the inferential, expectancy-testing, or schema-testing explanations (Hochberg, 1968; Neisser, 1967; Piaget, 1954). The compensatory explanations may or may not be fully adequate to explain how we combine view sequences that we obtain by our own perceptuomotor acts, but they simply cannot account for our perception of motion pictures in which scenes are built up by a succession of nonover-lapping views.
Levels Of Perceptual Organization
Authors: Hochberg Julian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Perceptual organization refers to constraints on what is perceived (e.g., with visual angle held constant, apparent size and apparent distance covary; apparent figural quality varies with apparent simplicity of configuration). Three major classes of organizational phenomena (space, shape/form, and movement) have been important to perceptual theory. Theories of organization differ in the roles assigned to stimulus structure (intrastimulus constraints) and to mental structure (interresponse constraints) and on the degree of wholism posited (i.e., the size of the structure within which constraints are strong). The major perceptual theories are analyzed in these terms. Phenomena are reviewed that very sharply limit the tenability of any theory to which spatial or temporal wholism is important and that clearly demonstrate mental structure in the absence of stimulus structure.
Mental Structure In Experts’ Perception Of Human Movement
Authors: Klopfer Dale S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My favorite figure in Hochberg’s (1964) Perception text shows a row of seven ‘‘scribbles,’’ each paired with a name (p. 100). The reader is invited to learn the name paired with each scribble and then to test himor herself on a second row showing the scribbles in a different order. The scribbles, it turns out, are caricatures in profile, drawn so that their facial features match the names—the scribble paired with the label Baby looks like a baby, the one paired with Ape looks like an ape, and so on—but the resemblance is typically not seen unless the scribbles are rotated 908 clockwise. In their original orientation, the scribbles resemble Arabic script, and it is harder to learn the correct labels for the scribbles when they are rotated. One reason that I admire this figure is that it demonstrates elegantly how we fit sensory input to mental structures and how that process depends upon experience. Another is that I suspect that Julie drew those scribbles, and I like to visualize him beaming as he showed them to friends and colleagues.
Introduction to Axiomatic Design Principles
Authors: Suh Nam P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To understand the complexity theory presented in this book, one has to understand axiomatic design theory, on which this complexity theory is partly based. Axiomatic design theory provides a conceptual basis for the complexity theory: the importance of functions, the need to define complexity in the functional domain rather than in the physical domain, the significance of the Independence Axiom and the Information Axiom in understanding complexity, and the measurement of uncertainty based on the Information Axiom. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce axiomatic design for engineered systems as a prelude to the complexity theory presented in chapter 3. For a more complete treatise on axiomatic design, readers are encouraged to refer to Suh (1990, 2001). The materials presented in this chapter are similar to the materials presented in chapter 1 of Suh (2001).
Thinking about Harms and Benefits
Authors: DuBois James M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents a general framework for considering risks and benefits in the design and review of research. Subsequent chapters examine specific risks and benefits in the context of a variety of study designs in mental health research. After being criticized for conducting studies of obedience to authority in which participants were deceived and led to believe they had administered terrible electrical shocks to other alleged participants (Baumrind, 1964), Stanley Milgram defended himself by citing a subsequent survey of the participants in which less than 2% were sorry to have taken part in the experiment (Milgram, 1964). A more recent survey of healthy children and children with major depressive disorder who had participated in a multi-day sleep and neuroendocrine study that involved indwelling intravenous catheters and all-night electroencephalography found that no child or parent regretted participation (Townsend et al., 1988).
Justice in Recruitment and Research
Authors: DuBois James M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Inequalities are rampant in research. Some inequalities are intentionally built into studies. Randomized experiments, for example, may assign some participants to receive a placebo, while others receive the gold standard treatment or a treatment of unknown value. Other inequalities arise from the contingencies of the population involved: some participants are allowed to give consent for themselves, while others are not due to age or cognitive capacities. Still other inequalities are virtually intrinsic to the enterprise. For example, researchers generally have more knowledge and power than participants.
Research Questions and Study Design
Authors: DuBois James M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Research is a human activity that yields products such as new knowledge, new medications, or improved educational practices. Contrary to contemporary practice, the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle spoke of four different kinds of causes of human products. The end result of an action—say, the new knowledge gained from research activities—he called the “final cause,” not primarily because it comes last in time, but because it is the end toward which we act. The final cause provides our motivation; in other words, it “causes” us to cause things.
Identifying and Managing Conflicts of Interest
Authors: DuBois James M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the early 1960s, 40 men aged 20–50 and representing various occupations came to the psychological laboratory of Yale University to take part in what they believed would be a study of memory and learning. They were paid $4.50 for their participation. When they arrived, each was met by two other men—one pretending to be the experimenter and another pretending to be a research subject. The subject was played by a 47-year-old accountant, whom most observers found mild mannered and likable. Stanley Milgram, the actual principal investigator, was positioned behind a one-way mirror observing events.