bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cytochrome
bd
repressed by a MarR family regulator confers resistance to metals, nitric oxide, sulfide, and cyanide in
Chromobacterium violaceum
Authors: Batista Bianca B. , de Lima Vinicius M. , Will W. Ryan , Fang Ferric C. , da Silva Neto José F. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Chromobacterium violaceum
is a ubiquitous environmental pathogen. Despite its remarkable adaptability, little is known about the mechanisms of stress resistance in this bacterium. Here, in a screen for iron-susceptible transposon mutants, we identified a cytochrome
bd
that protects
C. violaceum
against multiple stresses. The two subunits of this cytochrome
bd
(CioAB) are encoded by the
cioRAB
operon, which also encodes a GbsR-type MarR family transcription factor (CioR). A ∆
cioAB
mutant strain was sensitive to iron and the iron-requiring antibiotic streptonigrin and showed a decrease in siderophore production. Growth curves and survival assays revealed that the ∆
cioAB
strain was also sensitive to zinc, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, sulfide, and cyanide. Expression analysis showed that the promoter activity of the
cioRAB
operon and the transcript levels of the
cioAB
genes were increased in a ∆
cioR
mutant. CioR bound the promoter region of the
cio
operon
in vitro
, indicating that CioR is a direct repressor of its own operon. Expression of the
cio
operon increased at high cell density and was dependent on the quorum-sensing regulator CviR. As cyanide is also a signal for
cio
expression, and production of endogenous cyanide is known to be a quorum sensing-regulated trait in
C. violaceum
, we suggest that CioAB is a cyanide-insensitive terminal oxidase that allows respiration under cyanogenic growth conditions. Our findings indicate that the cytochrome
bd
CioAB protects
C. violaceum
against multiple stress agents that are potentially produced endogenously or during interactions with a host.

IMPORTANCE

The terminal oxidases of bacterial respiratory chains rely on heme-copper (heme-copper oxidases) or heme (cytochrome
bd
) to catalyze the reduction of molecular oxygen to water.
Chromobacterium violaceum
is a facultative anaerobic bacterium that uses oxygen and other electron acceptors for respiration under conditions of varying oxygen availability. The
C. violaceum
genome encodes multiple respiratory terminal oxidases, but their role and regulation remain unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that CioAB, the single cytochrome
bd
from
C. violaceum
, protects this bacterium against multiple stressors that are inhibitors of heme-copper oxidases, including nitric oxide, sulfide, and cyanide. CioAB also confers
C. violaceum
resistance to iron, zinc, and hydrogen peroxide. This cytochrome
bd
is encoded by the
cioRAB
operon, which is under direct repression by the MarR-type regulator CioR. In addition, the
cioRAB
operon responds to quorum sensing and to cyanide, suggesting a protective mechanism of increasing CioAB in the setting of high endogenous cyanide production.
Insect-specific Alphamesonivirus-1 (
Mesoniviridae
) in lymph node and lung tissues from two horses with acute respiratory syndrome
Authors: Jurisic Lucija , Auerswald Heidi , Marcacci Maurilia , Di Giallonardo Francesca , Coetzee Laureen M. , Curini Valentina , Averaimo Daniela , Ortiz-Baez Ayda Susana , Cammà Cesare , Di Teodoro Giovanni , Richt Juergen A. , Holmes Edward C. , Lorusso Alessio 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Members of the RNA virus order
Nidovirales
infect hosts ranging from marine invertebrates to terrestrial mammals. As such, understanding the determinants of host range in this group of viruses, as well as their patterns of emergence and disease potential, is of clear importance. The
Mesoniviridae
are a recently documented family within the
Nidovirales
. To date, mesoniviruses have only been associated with the infection of arthropod species, particularly mosquitoes, and hence are regarded as insect-specific viruses (ISVs). Herein, we report the first detection of a mesonivirus—Alphamesonivirus-1 —in mammals. Specifically, we utilized genomic and histological techniques to identify Alphamesonivirus-1 in lung and lymph node tissues of two horses (a mare and its foal) from Italy that succumbed to an acute respiratory syndrome. The genome sequences of Alphamesonivirus-1 obtained from the two horses were closely related to each other and to those from a local
Culex
mosquito pool and an Alphamesonivirus-1 previously identified in Italy, indicative of ongoing local transmission. The discovery of Alphamesonivirus-1 in horse tissues prompts further investigation into the host range of mesoniviruses, the possible role of insect-specific viruses in mammalian disease processes, the determinants of and barriers to cross-species virus transmission, and the potential epizootic threats posed by understudied viral families.

IMPORTANCE

Alphamesoniviruses, members of the family
Mesoniviridaeare,
are considered insect-specific RNA viruses with no known association with vertebrate hosts. Herein, we report the identification of Alphamesonivirus-1 in mammals. Using detailed molecular and histological analyses, we identified Alphamesonivirus-1 in lung and lymph node tissues of two horses that presented with an acute respiratory syndrome and that was phylogenetically related to virus sequences found in local
Culex
mosquitoes. Hence, Alphamesoniviruses may possess a broader host range than previously believed, prompting the investigation of their possible role in mammalian disease. This work highlights the need for increased surveillance of atypical viruses in association with unexplained respiratory illness, including those commonly assumed to be insect-specific, and may have implications for epizootic disease emergence.
Validation of a Quadrupole Model of Sound Radiation of a Turbulent Jet Based on Multi-Microphone Acoustic Measurements
Authors: Kopiev V. F. , Chernyshev S. A. , Faranosov G. A. , Korobov A. A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A low-order model of quadrupole sound sources in a turbulent jet has been developed using the acoustic analogy method. Multimicrophone acoustic measurements of jet sound radiation are used to estimate the model parameters and validate it. Based on measurements carried out in different zones of the sound field, estimates of the size of the effective localization region of sound sources are made and the boundaries of the zone of dominance of quadrupole sound radiation over pseudo-sound fluctuations are determined. The proposed model can be used in practical estimates of the spectral and correlation characteristics of the far and near sound field of the jet.
Puberty blockers for gender dysphoria in youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Miroshnychenko Anna , Roldan Yetiani , Ibrahim Sara , Kulatunga-Moruzi Chan , Montante Steven , Couban Rachel , Guyatt Gordon , Brignardello-Petersen Romina 
Published: January 2025

AimGender dysphoria (GD) refers to the psychological distress associated with the incongruence between one’s sex and one’s gender identity. To manage GD, individuals may delay the development of primary and secondary sex characteristics with the use of puberty blockers. In this systematic review, we assess and summarise the certainty of the evidence about the effects of puberty blockers in individuals experiencing GD.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, Social Sciences Abstracts, LGBTQ+ Source and Sociological Abstracts from inception to September 2023. We included observational studies comparing puberty blockers with no puberty blockers in individuals aged <26 years experiencing GD, as well as before–after and case series studies. Outcomes of interest included psychological and physical outcomes. Pairs of reviewers independently screened articles, abstracted data and assessed risk of bias. We performed a meta-analysis and assessed the certainty of a non-zero effect using the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) approach.ResultsWe included 10 studies. Comparative observational studies (n=3), comparing puberty blockers versus no puberty blockers, provided very low certainty of evidence on the outcomes of global function and depression. Before–after studies (n=7) provided very low certainty of evidence addressing gender dysphoria, global function, depression, and bone mineral density.ConclusionsThere remains considerable uncertainty regarding the effects of puberty blockers in individuals experiencing GD. Methodologically rigorous prospective studies are needed to understand the effects of this intervention.Trial registration numberPROSPERO CRD42023452171.
Epidemiology of gender dysphoria and gender incongruence in children and young people attending primary care practices in England: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jarvis Stuart William , Fraser Lorna K , Langton Trilby , Hewitt Catherine Elizabeth , Doran Tim 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo examine trends in diagnosis of gender dysphoria and related conditions in children and young people attending primary care practices in England.DesignLongitudinal analysis of electronic primary care records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum database linked to hospital and Index of Multiple Deprivation data.SettingPrimary care practices in England between 2011 and 2021.Participants3782 patients aged 0–18 years with a recorded history of gender dysphoria/incongruence and matched comparators with autism spectrum conditions or eating disorder.Main outcome measuresIncidence rates and prevalence of gender dysphoria/incongruence; prescribing rates for medical treatments; co-occurrence of anxiety, depression and self-harm.ResultsBetween 2011 and 2021, incidence rates of recorded gender dysphoria/incongruence increased from 0.14 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.20) to 4.4 (95% CI 4.1 to 4.7) per 10 000 person years, and from 2014 the rate increased more rapidly in recorded females than males. There was no significant association between gender dysphoria/incongruence and area level deprivation. Of the 3782 children and young people with a record of gender dysphoria/incongruence, 176 (4.7%) were prescribed puberty suppressing hormones; 302 (8.0%) were prescribed masculinising/feminising hormones; and 1994 (52.7%) had a record of anxiety, depression or self-harm. Compared with matched comparators, those experiencing gender dysphoria/incongruence had similar recorded rates of anxiety and higher rates of depression and self-harm.ConclusionsRecorded prevalence of gender dysphoria/incongruence increased substantially in children and young people between 2011 and 2021, particularly in recorded females. Levels of anxiety, depression and self-harm were high, indicating an urgent need for better prevention and treatment of mental health difficulties in these patients.
Prevalence of resistance-associated substitutions (RAS) in hepatitis C virus in the Former Soviet Union countries
Authors: Mustafa Aidana , Davlidova Salima , Abidi Syed Hani , Begimbetova Dinara , Heimer Robert , Vermund Sten H , Ali Syed 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveThe emergence of resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) poses a significant challenge to the effective treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection using direct-acting antivirals. This study’s objective was to observe the prevalence of HCV genotypes and RAS within the Former Soviet Union (FSU) countries.MethodsWe analysed 60 NS3, 313 NS5A and 1119 NS5B sequences of HCV deposited in open-access databases from 11 FSU countries for the prevalence of genotypes and the presence of RAS using the Geno2Pheno software.ResultsThe following NS3 RASs were revealed through our analyses: 156P/S/T, 168del, 80K, 55A and 174S. The most prevalent NS5A RAS was 30K (12.69%) in genotype 3a, associated with resistance to daclatasvir, elbasvir and ledipasvir, followed by 62S (8.96% in genotype 3a), linked with resistance to daclatasvir, and 93H (3.95% and 6.72% in genotypes 1b and 3a, respectively), conferring resistance to daclatasvir, ombitasvir, elbasvir, ledipasvir and velpatasvir. The NS5B RASs found in this study were 451S and 556G, associated with resistance to dasabuvir.ConclusionThe high prevalence of HCV genotypes 1b and 3a in the FSU region and the presence of specific RASs should be considered when determining the most effective treatment regimen for HCV-infected individuals in the FSU countries.
Exploring the role of different coping styles in mediating the relationship between dyadic adjustment status and postpartum depression among postnatal women: a single-centre, cross-sectional study
Authors: Deng Jing , Chen Jing , Tan Yifei , Guo Xiujing , Liu Fan 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesPostpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent complication of childbearing, with numerous risk factors associated with its onset. Although the risk factors for PPD among postpartum women have been studied, the mechanisms underlying these factors remain inadequately understood. This study aimed to investigate the direct and mediating roles of different coping styles in the relationship between dyadic adjustment status and PPD among women 6 weeks postdelivery.DesignSingle-centre, cross-sectional study.SettingA tertiary care setting in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China, from July 2022 to January 2023.ParticipantsThe study involved 626 women 6 weeks post-delivery.Outcome measuresThe Dyadic Adjustment Scale, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were used to evaluate the dyadic adjustment status, coping styles and the depressive condition of postpartum women, respectively. Data analysis encompassed correlation and mediation analyses based on structural equation modelling.ResultsEPDS scores were significantly correlated with all four dimensions of dyadic adjustments status as well as with both positive and negative coping styles. Dyadic consensus (β= −0.16, p=0.005), affectional expression (β= −0.14, p=0.008) and dyadic cohesion (β= −0.10, p=0.037) directly correlated with PPD after adjusting for covariates. For dyadic satisfaction, the mediating effects of positive and negative coping styles on PPD were −0.04 (95% CI: −0.08 to –0.01) and −0.07 (95% CI: −0.11 to –0.03), respectively. Moreover, both positive and negative coping styles were identified as mediators in the relationship between dyadic cohesion and PPD, with mediating effects of −0.01 (95% CI: −0.03 to –0.00) and −0.09 (95% CI: −0.14 to –0.04), respectively. No mediation was found in the association between affectional expression and PPD.ConclusionOur findings suggest that both positive and negative coping styles mediate the relationship between dyadic adjustment status and PPD, especially concerning dyadic satisfaction and dyadic cohesion.
Role of digital technology in epidemic control: a scoping review on COVID-19 and Ebola
Authors: Abebe Gossa Fetene , Alie Melsew Setegn , Yosef Tewodros , Asmelash Daniel , Dessalegn Dorka , Adugna Amanuel , Girma Desalegn 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo synthesise the role of digital technologies in epidemic control and prevention, focussing on Ebola and COVID-19.DesignA scoping review.Data sourcesA systematic search was done on PubMed, HINARI, Web of Science, Google Scholar and a direct Google search until 10 September 2024.Eligibility criteriaWe included all qualitative and quantitative studies, conference papers or abstracts, anonymous reports, editorial reports and viewpoints published in English.Data extraction and synthesisThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist was used to select the included study. Data analysis was performed using Gale’s framework thematic analysis method, resulting in the identification of key themes.ResultsA total of 64 articles that examined the role of digital technology in the Ebola and COVID-19 pandemics were included in the final review. Five main themes emerged: digital epidemiological surveillance (using data visualisation tools and online sources for early disease detection), rapid case identification, community transmission prevention (via digital contact tracing and assessing interventions with mobility data), public education messages and clinical care. The identified barriers encompassed legal, ethical and privacy concerns, as well as organisational and workforce challenges.ConclusionDigital technologies have proven good for disease prevention and control during pandemics. While the adoption of these technologies has lagged in public health compared with other sectors, tools such as artificial intelligence, telehealth, wearable devices and data analytics offer significant potential to enhance epidemic responses. However, barriers to widespread implementation remain, and investments in digital infrastructure, training and strong data protection are needed to build trust among users. Future efforts should focus on integrating digital solutions into health systems, ensuring equitable access and addressing ethical concerns. As public health increasingly embraces digital innovations, collaboration among stakeholders will be crucial for effective pandemic preparedness and management.
Mechanical thrombectomy in elderly stroke patients with low ASPECTS: insights from STAR
Authors: Cunningham Conor , Hubbard Zachary , Abo Kasem Rahim , Elawady Sameh Samir , Sowlat Mohammad-Mahdi , Matsukawa Hidetoshi , Maier Ilko , Jabbour Pascal , Kim Joon-tae , Wolfe Stacey Q , Rai Ansaar T , Starke Robert M , Psychogios Marios-Nikos , Samaniego Edgar A , Goyal Nitin , Yoshimura Shinichi , Cuellar Hugo , Howard Brian M , Alawieh Ali , Alaraj Ali , Ezzeldin Mohamad , Romano Daniele G , Tanweer Omar , Mascitelli Justin R , Fragata Isabel , Polifka Adam J , Siddiqui Fazeel , Osbun Joshua W , Grandhi Ramesh , Crosa Roberto Javier , Matouk Charles , Park Min S , Levitt Michael R , Brinjikji Waleed , Moss Mark , Daglioglu Ergun , Williamson Richard , Navia Pedro , Kan Peter , De Leacy Reade Andrew , Chowdhry Shakeel A , Altschul David , Al Kasab Sami , Spiotta Alejandro M 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThe elderly population (≥80 years) were underrepresented in recent trials of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke (LVO-AIS) with low Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) (≤5).MethodsThis study analyzed data from a prospectively maintained database of 37 thrombectomy centers. The primary cohort of the study comprised patients with LVO-AIS aged ≥80 who underwent EVT with ASPECTS≤5 from 2013 to 2023. The primary outcome was favorable modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–3. Propensity score matching (PSM) and multivariate regression were applied.ResultsIn a study of 14 233 patients undergoing EVT, 1741 patients were 80 or older, with 122 presenting with low ASPECTS. While successful recanalization rates were similar between age groups, patients aged ≥80 had significantly lower favorable 90-day mRS scores and higher mortality before propensity score matching (PSM). After PSM, differences in mortality and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) were no longer significant. Among all elderly patients, higher ASPECTS was an independent predictor of a 90-day favorable outcome but was not associated with 90-day mortality. For patients aged ≥80 years with low ASPECTS, favorable outcomes were associated only with lower rates of atrial fibrillation, baseline functioning (mRS 0–1), fewer thrombectomy passes, and higher likelihood of first-pass reperfusion within 30 min of puncture.ConclusionWhile age ≥80 increases mortality and disability in patients with AIS and low ASPECTS, select elderly patients may still benefit from EVT when clinical factors are considered, supporting individualized treatment and better patient selection for future trials.
Efficacy and safety of mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke and left ventricular assist device: review of the literature and meta-analysis
Authors: Jazayeri Seyed Behnam , Al-Janabi Omar M , Alateya Aysha , Muhammad Sara , Ghozy Sherief , Rabinstein Alejandro A , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Kallmes David F 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundLeft ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are used as definitive therapy or as a bridge to heart transplant in patients with advanced heart failure. Thromboembolic complications such as acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are common among patients with LVAD support. This study aims to evaluate the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with AIS due to large vessel occlusions (LVO) and LVAD-support.MethodsA comprehensive systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus to find observational studies with reports of ≥5 MTs in adult patients with LVAD support (PROSPERO registration code CRD42024597541). Rates of successful and complete reperfusion, favorable functional outcomes at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2 or equal to pre-stroke mRS), mortality at 90 days, any intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and symptomatic ICH (sICH) were pooled using generalized linear mixed models.ResultsEight studies were included with data from 51 patients and 62 MTs. The rate of successful reperfusion was 87.4% (95% CI 62.5% to 96.6%) and complete reperfusion rate was 57.3% (95% CI 35.1% to 76.9%). Rate of favorable functional recovery was 62.5% (95% CI 42.2% to 79.2%). Rate of sICH was 6.4% (95% CI 0.9% to 34.0%). Mortality rate was 16.7% (95% CI 7.1% to 34.7%). Between 25–40% of patients who were waiting for a heart transplant before their stroke received a heart transplant after MT.ConclusionsMT for the emergent treatment of AIS in the setting of LVAD is relatively safe and efficacious for achieving successful reperfusion and good functional recovery.
Real-world treatment patterns and clinical characteristics in patients with moderate-to-severe systemic lupus erythematosus: an analysis of the SLE Prospective Observational Cohort Study (SPOCS)
Authors: Aringer Martin , Arnaud Laurent , Furie Richard A , Morand Eric F , Peschken Christine , Hoi Alberta , Desta Barnabas , Hedberg Jonatan , Grünfeld Eén Tina , Sorrentino Alessandro , Kielar Danuta , Tummala Raj , Chen Stephanie , Ding Bo 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease with heterogeneous treatment patterns largely based on organ involvement and disease severity. The SLE Prospective Observational Cohort Study (SPOCS) collected data worldwide over 3 years from patients with moderate-to-severe SLE. We report real-world patterns of medication use in patients enrolled in SPOCS.MethodsData were collected at study entry; patients were followed twice annually according to local practice. Disease activity (SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K)), average oral glucocorticoid dose and use of other treatments—specifically antimalarials, biologics and immunosuppressants—were measured over time. Subgroup analyses were stratified by baseline interferon gene signature (IFNGS) status and disease activity (SLEDAI-2K) status.ResultsPatient demographics and baseline characteristics were similar among subgroups; the majority of patients were on antimalarials (n=670; 81.1%), followed by glucocorticoids (n=537; 65.0%), immunosuppressants (n=453; 54.8%) and biologics (n=175; 21.2%). In the overall population, median (IQR) SLEDAI-2K scores decreased within 12 months (baseline: 8.0 (6.0–12.0); 12 months: 4.0 (2.0–8.0)) and remained stable thereafter. The mean (SD) daily oral glucocorticoid dose increased by 6 months (baseline: 6.0 (7.09); 6 months: 9.8 (8.67)) and remained stable thereafter. The proportion of patients who were on glucocorticoid doses >5 mg/day ranged from ~20% to 33% throughout the study. In subgroup analyses, patients with high IFNGS and high disease activity state (HDAS) at baseline used more immunosuppressants and glucocorticoids compared with those with low IFNGS and non-HDAS at baseline.ConclusionsThese findings underscore that SLE therapy is still often unable to reach goals as recommended by the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology, both with regard to glucocorticoid use and disease activity, suggesting that there is an unmet need for new treatment options for patients with SLE.Trial registration numberNCT03189875; 16 June 2017.