bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical characterization of firefighters running under different rescue tasks
Authors: Zhang Xinxin , Feng Haili , Liu Xindai , Gao Pincao , Guo Peng , Tang Shenghui , Nie Xinhe , Feng Tianjin , Liu Weiguo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe biomechanical characteristics of runs in firefighters with different rescue tasks are unclear. This study aimed to explore the biomechanical characteristics of firefighters running in different rescue tasks and provide theoretical and practical references for firefighter training and occupational injury prevention. Eighteen professional healthy male firefighters were randomly selected as participants and tested running on different rescue tasks: wearing firefighting protective clothing (FPC), FPC+carrying a gas can (20 kg, FPC+ C), and FPC+carrying a mannequin (60 kg, FPC+M). Eight Qualisys infrared cameras and an AMTI 3D force measurement platform were used for the participant's acquisition of lower limb kinematic/kinetic data. The results showed that gait velocity and stride length of the FPC+GC and FPC+ M rescue tasks were significantly decreased compared to the FPC rescue task, while the support time was significantly increased. Compared to the FPC rescue task, the FPC+GC rescue task showed significant decreases in vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), minimum ankle dorsiflexion angle, and the maximum ankle plantarflexion power. In contrast, the FPC+M rescue task demonstrated significant increases in ankle range of motion, maximum hip extension angle, minimum knee flexion angle, maximum ankle dorsiflexion angle, maximum hip extension moment, maximum knee flexion moment, maximum hip flexion power, and hip and knee stiffness while exhibiting significant decreases in minimum ankle dorsiflexion angle. Compared to the FPC+ GC rescue task, the FPC+M rescue task exhibited significant increases in the maximum hip extension angle, minimum knee flexion angle, maximum ankle dorsiflexion angle, maximum hip flexion moment, maximum hip extension moment, maximum knee flexion moment, maximum ankle plantarflexion moment, maximum hip flexion power, maximum ankle dorsiflexion power, hip stiffness, and vGRF. Conversely, it showed significant decreases in the maximum knee flexion power. In conclusion, compared to the FPC rescue task, the FPC+GC and FPC+M rescue tasks altered the firefighter's gait performance, as evidenced by decreased gait velocity and stride length and increased support time. FPC+M rescue task would increase firefighter's risk of hip and knee injuries. Therefore, we suggest firefighters increase their strength training of the trunk, hip, and knee joint muscles as part of their daily training programs under large weight load status (60 kg and above) to reduce injury risk during rescue tasks.
Causal association between kynurenine and depression investigated using two-sample mendelian randomization
Authors: Zong Luxin , Ge Maohong , Wang Jiamiao , Kuang Dan , Wei Hongkai , Wang Zhongbao , Hu Zerui , Zhao Chaoben , Jin Qingmin , Chen Minghui , Wang Chenghui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs research progresses, the intricate metabolic connections between depression and tryptophan, as well as kynurenine (KYN), have become increasingly evident. In studies investigating the relationship between KYN and depression, the conclusions reached thus far have been inconsistent. Therefore, we propose employing a two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) approach to further elucidate the relationship between KYN and depression. We utilized extensive data from large-scale genome-wide association studies to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms that act as instrumental variables for kynurenine and depression in European ancestry populations, ensuring compliance with MR assumptions. We employed five MR algorithms, namely, weighted median, MR-Egger, inverse variance weighted (IVW), simple mode, and weighted mode, with IVW as the primary analysis method. Sensitivity tests were conducted using Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier, and Leave-one-out analysis.The IVW analysis revealed that each standard deviation increase in kynurenine corresponded to a 1.4-fold increase in the risk of depression (OR = 1.351, 95% CI 1.110–1.645, P = 0.003). The direction of the effect size (positive or negative) was consistent with the findings from the other four algorithms. Sensitivity tests indicated no heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy among the instrumental variables. Elevated levels of kynurenine have a causal relationship with an increased risk of developing depression.
Immunological subtyping of salivary gland cancer identifies histological origin-specific tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Hong Jiyun , Choi Eunwoo , Kim Dahee , Seo Mi-Kyoung , Kang Hyundeok , Park BeumJin , Kim Sangwoo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGene expression analysis enhances proper cancer subtyping, a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of cancer, and strategies for precision medicine. However, salivary gland cancer (SGC) subtyping remains largely unexplored because of its rarity and diverse histopathological and immunological characteristics. This study aimed to determine whether the histological origin and immunological characteristics of SGC subtypes are intrinsic tumor immunity factors. We performed immune profiling of 94 RNA-seq of SGC tissues and found that the SGCs that originated from the excretory duct (ED), such as the salivary duct and mucoepidermoid carcinomas, exhibit higher immunity than those from the intercalated duct (ID), such as the adenoid cystic and myoepithelial carcinomas, based on the computationally predicted immune score (p < 0.001), immune cell enrichment in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) (p < 0.001), T-cell receptor diversity (p < 0.001), and expression of signal I (major histocompatibility complex, MHC, p < 0.001) and signal II (co-stimulatory, p < 0.001 and co-inhibitory, p < 0.001) genes. Further analysis revealed that tolerogenic dendritic cell-induced dysfunctional T-cell populations and T-cell exclusion in the TIME are the major immune evasive mechanisms of the ED-and ID-derived SGCs, respectively.
Financial constraints and short-term planning are linked to flood risk adaptation gaps in US cities
Authors: Lu Shirley , Nakhmurina Anya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAdaptation is critical in reducing the inevitable impact of climate change. Here we study cities’ adaptation to elevated flood risk by introducing a linguistic measure of adaptation extracted from financial disclosures of 431 US cities over 2013–2020. While cities with a higher flood risk have higher adaptation, more than half of high-risk cities have below-average adaptation levels. We explore three factors associated with this adaptation gap, defined as a city’s adaptation being lower than predicted based on flood risk. We do not find that Republican cities are more likely to have an adaptation gap. Instead, our results point to the importance of financial constraints: cities with one standard deviation smaller unrestricted-fund-to-expense ratio are 6.6% more likely to have an adaptation gap. We also provide evidence on the importance of long-term planning: cities with a planning horizon shorter by one year are 4% more likely to have an adaptation gap.
A high-resolution time-variable terrestrial gravity field model of continental North China
Authors: Han Jiancheng , Chen Shi , Lu Hongyan , Jia Lulu , Wang Linhai , Xu Weimin , Zhang Huai , Sun Heping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGiven the spatial resolution of ~300 km in Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) measurements, accurately quantifying mass variations at smaller scales proves challenging. Here, we present a high-resolution time-variable gravity field model of continental North China. This model, denoted as IGP-NorthChina2022TG, contains 15 gravity field solutions determined using an innovative approach that relies on terrestrial gravity measurements and Slepian basis functions. IGP-NorthChina2022TG provides degree 150 gravity changes (spatial resolution of ~120 km) on a semi-annual basis from September 2009 to September 2016, in contrast to the monthly degree 60 GRACE solutions. Despite their different temporal resolutions, the good agreement between GRACE and the ground-based results up to degree 60 confirms the robustness and reliability of the proposed method and favors the combination of these two types of measurements. The gravity changes with much finer spatial resolution from IGP-NorthChina2022TG could complement GRACE solutions for sub-regional scale investigations in North China.
Modelling and analysis of the intersecting axis permanent magnet eddy‐current coupler
Authors: Luo Jun , Liu Yuanxin , Pu Huayan , Yuan Shujin , Hou Lei , Zhang Chunlin , Yi Jin , Qin Yi , Huang Xiaoxu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe permanent magnet eddy‐current coupler (PMEC) is a kind of non‐contact, stepless speed regulation device and has been widely used in transmissions. However, the current PMECs are coaxial and cannot achieve transmission and speed regulation in intersecting axes. An intersecting‐axis permanent magnet (PM) eddy current coupler (IPMEC), which consists of a disk‐type PM rotor and a barrel‐type conductive sheet (CS) rotor arranged with intersecting axes, is proposed. It generates eddy currents through the speed difference between the two rotors and uses the non‐contact electromagnetic force between the eddy currents and permanent magnets to transmit torque. During operation, the speed can be adjusted by altering the coupling area or air gap. A theoretical model of the IPMEC based on the equivalent magnetic circuit method is presented and verified by finite element simulation using ANSYS. Then, the effects of the pole number of the PMs, the radius of the CS rotor and the PM rotor on the performance were analysed, and the design method of the IPMEC was proposed. This study can be used to expand the application range of PMECs.
Three‐phase steady‐state models of distributed generators with different control strategies
Authors: Yang Qijia , Du Zhengchun , Zhang Yu , Yuan Xiaotian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes three‐phase steady‐state models for distributed generators (DGs) with different negative control strategies. An augmented rectangular load flow method is used for three‐phase distribution systems. For two types of DGs with power electronic devices: photovoltaic power generators and doubly fed induction generators, the nodal voltage equations and output power equations are derived. Moreover, under unbalanced conditions, the strategies for mitigating the effects caused by negative sequence components are formulated as functions of the nodal voltage and the injected current. Furthermore, the models are incorporated into an augmented rectangular load flow method with nodal voltage and injected current as state variables in three‐phase systems. Case studies are conducted to verify the correctness and accuracy of the proposed models by comparing the results obtained from MATLAB and PSCAD.
Surface charge inversion algorithms based on integral equation method
Authors: Ma Kang , Lv Fangcheng , Wang Shenghui , Liu Huaqi , Wang Lihong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAccurate surface charge inversion can guide the research on surface modification of insulators in GIS/GIL. The current inversion algorithms have disadvantages of high computational cost and low accuracy. Based on that, the integral equation method (IEM) is proposed to calculate the transformation matrix. Compared with the traditional analytical method (AM), IEM has a simple calculation process. The calculation speed of IEM is much faster than that of AM. To suppress the numerical divergence in IEM, the Tikhonov regularisation method is introduced and Tikhonov‐IEM is proposed. For square insulators, compared to IEM, the peak‐mean square error (PMSE) is reduced by about 40 percent. However, Tikhonov‐IEM is not suitable for basin insulators. Therefore, the least square method (LSM) is introduced and the LSM‐IEM is proposed. For basin insulators, compared to IEM, the PMSE is reduced by about 30 percent. Finally, the accuracy of the algorithms is verified by physical tests.
Comparative analysis of the characteristics of outlet short circuit and winding insulation fault of distribution transformer and its preventive measures
Authors: Xian Richang , Hu Yuyao , Zhang Bingqian , Rong Qingyu , Zhao Rujie , Wang Wei , Guo Yang , Li Yunhao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOutlet short circuit on the low‐voltage (LV) side and winding inter‐turn short circuit faults are hazardous to transformer operation. To investigate the formation mechanism of winding insulation faults of distribution transformer, ANSYS Maxwell was used to build a coupled magnetic field‐circuit model with the same structural dimension as the actual distribution transformer. An outlet short circuit and winding inter‐turn insulation faults were set by using the voltage‐controlled switch in the external circuit of the model. Subsequently, the differences in the electromagnetic characteristics and the electrodynamic force distributions of the windings under three operating conditions, namely, nominal load, three‐phase outlet short circuit on the LV side and inter‐turn insulation failure were studied, respectively. The results show that compared with the rated load, in the cases of outlet short circuit and inter‐turn insulation faults, the amplitude of winding current increases by 20 and 50 times, the magnetic field strength grows by 20 and 17 times, and the electrodynamic force rises by 400 and 230 times, respectively. Outlet short circuit fault is more likely to cause the winding instability and deformation, and inter‐turn short circuit fault can easily burn out winding insulation. Therefore, corresponding preventive measures were proposed.
An improved energy‐efficient driving strategy for routes with various gradients and speed limits
Authors: Liu Xiao , Tian Zhongbei , Jiang Lin , Lu Shaofeng , Zeng Pingliang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWith the increasing concerns about railway energy efficiency, two typical driving strategies have been used in actual train operation. One includes a sequence of full power traction, cruising, coasting, and full braking (CC). The other uses coasting–remotoring (CR) to replace cruising in CC. However, energy‐saving performance by CC and CR, which can be affected by route parameters of gradients and speed limits, has not been fully compared and studied. This paper analyses the energy distribution of CC and CR considering various route parameters and proposes an improved strategy for different gradients and speed limits. The detailed energy flow of CC and CR is analysed by Cauchy–Bunyakovsky–Schwarz inequality and the generalised Hölder's inequality, and then, a novel driving strategy CC_CR is designed. To verify the theoretical results and the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, three simulators with CC, CR, and CC_CR driving modes have been developed and implemented into case studies of four scenarios as well as a real‐world metro line. Simulation results demonstrate that CR can only outperform CC on routes with steep downhill and CC_CR is always the best strategy. The energy savings of CC_CR can be as much as 15% more than CR and 42% greater than CC.
Predictive load‐feedforward control for DC‐link voltage suppression and dynamic improvement of battery charging and discharging converter
Authors: Han Jingang , Yang Zheng , Zhou Xinhe , Tang Tianhao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWith the continuous progress of new energy technology, new energy vehicles have ushered in a stage of rapid development. As the central core of new energy vehicle, the power accumulator batteries have been attracting increasing attention. To obtain the exact electrical characteristics of the power battery, battery charging and discharging are integral component. A bidirectional grid‐connected AC/DC converter with predictive load‐feedforward compensation is presented in this article. Derive a predictive load‐feedforward model from the state space model of the rear DC/DC converter to reduce the bus voltage fluctuations caused by load variations. Firstly, the system structure for battery charging and discharging system is presented, and then the underlying principle of predictive load‐feedforward control is analyzed. Secondly, the predictive load‐feedforward model is built and discussed. Finally, build a system simulation model in MATLAB/Simulink and set up an experimental platform in the lab. Simulation results show that the predictive load‐feedforward control can reduce the bus voltage fluctuation and regulation time by about 84% and 50%, respectively, when the load power varies substantially. The findings of experimental studies also indicate that with predictive load‐feedforward control can significantly suppress bus voltage fluctuations and improve the dynamic response of the converter.
Exploring the effects of modality and variability on EFL learners’ pronunciation of English diphthongs: a student perspective on HVPT implementation
Authors: Almusharraf Asma , Aljasser Amal , Mahdi Hassan Saleh , Al-Nofaie Haifa , Ghobain Elham 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecognizing the importance of effective pronunciation training for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners is paramount for improving their comprehensive language proficiency and communication skills. This study investigated the influence of High Variability Pronunciation Training (HVPT) with and without captions, on the accuracy of English diphthong pronunciations among Saudi EFL learners. A total of 56 undergraduate EFL learners participated in the study, undergoing multiple sessions of high-variability (HV) and low-variability (LV) pronunciation training. Various assessments were conducted to measure the learners’ performance, including pretests, posttests, generalized tests, and delayed tests. Additionally, a survey was conducted to gain insights into the participants’ perceptions of using YouGlish, a multimodal tool, as part of the training process. Data analysis used statistical techniques such as t-tests, ANOVA tests, and descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicate that both HV and LV improved the learners’ performance in English pronunciation, regardless of captioning. LV without captions consistently yielded the highest scores. The students also had positive perceptions of YouGlish as a multimodal tool. These results offer valuable insights into the efficacy of HV and LV in facilitating EFL learners’ speech production and offer implications for educators and practitioners involved in designing effective instructional strategies for enhancing EFL learners’ pronunciation skills.
Breaking the chains of poverty: examining the influence of smartphone usage on multidimensional poverty in rural settings
Authors: Liang Xian , Xiao Hui , Hou Fangmiao , Guo Xuan , Li Lishan , Huang Longjunjiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe analyze the impact of smartphone usage on multidimensional poverty reduction. Utilizing the A-F approach, we compute a multidimensional poverty index based on five dimensions: education, health, income, living standard, and labor force. This index categorizes multidimensional poverty into three levels: Vulnerable Multidimensional Poverty Index (VMPI), General Multidimensional Poverty Index (GMPI), and Extreme Multidimensional Poverty Index (EMPI), following MPI criteria. Furthermore, we investigate the mediating role of social capital in the smartphone-multidimensional poverty relationship through a mediating effects analysis. We used the survey data of 382 sample out-of-poverty rural households in Jiangxi, China, in 2020. Our results indicated that: (1) Education (37.80%), labor force (29.7%), and health (20.40%) were identified as the primary contributors to multidimensional poverty. (2) Increasing deprivation categories correlated with declining multidimensional poverty index, following an inverted U-shaped pattern. (3) Smartphone usage significantly reduced VMPI (57.6%), GMPI (52.6%), and EMPI (5%). (4) Social capital fully mediated EMPI reduction through smartphones (91.67%), and partially mediated VMPI (14.09%) and GMPI (20.84%) reduction. These insights inform targeted policy formulation for rural multidimensional poverty reduction.
How do they become globally high achieving? Trajectories, struggles, and achievements of ethnic Chinese humanities and social sciences scholars
Authors: Yang Lili 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOn the world stage of the humanities and social sciences (HSS), ethnic Chinese scholars and their scholarship as a whole are arguably not yet considered mainstream. However, a growing number of ethnic Chinese HSS scholars have become internationally recognized in their respective fields, producing scholarship of global and lasting influence. These scholars are referred to in this study as globally high-achieving scholars. Enquiring into how certain ethnic Chinese HSS scholars become globally high achieving, this study aims to unravel the trajectories, struggles, and achievements of these scholars; contribute to the literature on scholars’ academic development and on Chinese scholars; and provide recommendations for scholarly training in higher education in and beyond Greater China. It uses a narrative research design to explore the life and academic trajectories of globally high-achieving scholars, and reveals reasons associated with their achievements. In particular, the article highlights the scholars’ possession of strong resilience, engagement with Chinese traditional cultures and knowledges, development of multiple lenses, and realization of the state of ‘zide (自得)’, meaning staying true to oneself. This study is one of the first empirical attempts to explore this topic, and it makes both conceptual and practical contributions to the field.
Firms’ corporate social irresponsibility behaviors during interplay with consumers in evolutionary game models
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyang , Mi Jie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe employ an evolutionary game model to investigate the interaction between firms’ engagement in corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) behaviors (without violating laws) and consumers’ perception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) within a consumer market. The core paradox revolves around the trade-off between firms benefiting from pursuing economic performance without adhering to social responsibility and the maximization of social welfare achieved when firms are socially responsible, and consumers possess strong CSR perception. Through an asymmetric two-population evolutionary game model, we identify two distinct scenarios of evolutionary stable strategies based on different industrial environments. Additionally, the evolution of a healthy market is contingent upon an increase in consumers’ bargaining power, although it is also influenced by the initial states of the two-group system, resulting in path dependence as a significant feature of the system’s evolutionary equilibrium. Furthermore, we observe that the added willingness to pay for CSR, while not impacting the evolutionary outcomes, could increase the likelihood of a healthy market when consumers’ bargaining power is high. These findings underscore the diverse dynamics of firms’ CSI behaviors, which depend on transaction costs, industrial structure, and consumers’ willingness to pay, offering valuable insights from a micro perspective.