bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Adoption of Climate Smart Agricultural Technologies among Farm Households in Southern Karnataka, India
Authors: H. M. Nandini , Venkataramana M. N. , K. Anil , Thimmegowda M. N. 
Published: December 2023

The Climate change and its effects on agriculture pose major concerns for achieving a food-secure economy, particularly in developing countries like India. Furthermore, the carbon footprints resulting from agricultural activities are also a significant concern for the future climate. This study made an attempt to analyse the factors influencing the adoption of climate smart agricultural technologies among farmers in Chikkaballapur and Tumakuru, districts of Southern Karnataka using primary data collected from 180 randomly selected farm-households comprising 45 adopters and 45 non-adopters of climate smart agricultural technologies from each district. The data was analysed by fitting probit model to assess the factors influencing the adoption of climate smart agricultural technologies. The empirical results revealed that education (0.51), land holdings (0.63), credit accessibility (3.83), membership in organization (2.47), access to weather information (4.10), attended training (2.00) and farm income (0.49) were positive and significant relationship with the adoption of climate smart agricultural technologies in Chikkaballapur district. Similarly, in Tumakuru district age (0.14), contact with extension agent (2.78), credit accessibility (2.01), membership in organization (2.75), access to weather related information (2.16), participation in training (2.93) and farm income (0.34) was positive and significantly influenced the adoption of climate smart agricultural technologies among farm households. Whereas, age (-0.14) and land holdings (-0.39) of the respondents were negatively influenced the adoption in Chikkaballapur and Tumakuru districts, respectively. The findings, suggests that more emphasis should be given to increase awareness on innovative technologies and most importantly the institutional factors place a crucial role in enhancing the adoption of climate smart agricultural technologies in the study area among the farming community.
Toward Clean 2D Materials and Devices: Recent Progress in Transfer and Cleaning Methods
Authors: Dong Wenlong , Dai Zhaohe , Liu Luqi , Zhang Zhong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) materials have tremendous potential to revolutionize the field of electronics and photonics. Unlocking such potential, however, is hampered by the presence of contaminants that usually impede the performance of 2D materials in devices. This perspective provides an overview of recent efforts to develop clean 2D materials and devices. It begins by discussing conventional and recently developed wet and dry transfer techniques and their effectiveness in maintaining material “cleanliness”. Multi‐scale methodologies for assessing the cleanliness of 2D material surfaces and interfaces are then reviewed. Finally, recent advances in passive and active cleaning strategies are presented, including the unique self‐cleaning mechanism, thermal annealing, and mechanical treatment that rely on self‐cleaning in essence. The crucial role of interface wetting in these methods is emphasized, and it is hoped that this understanding can inspire further extension and innovation of efficient transfer and cleaning of 2D materials for practical applications.
High‐Performance and Ecofriendly Organic Thermoelectrics Enabled by N‐Type Polythiophene Derivatives with Doping‐Induced Molecular Order
Authors: Deng Sihui , Kuang Yazhuo , Liu Liyao , Liu Xinyu , Liu Jian , Li Jingyu , Meng Bin , Di Chong‐an , Hu Junli , Liu Jun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe ability of n‐type polymer thermoelectric materials to tolerate high doping loading limits further development of n‐type polymer conductivity. Herein, two alcohol‐soluble n‐type polythiophene derivatives that are n‐PT3 and n‐PT4 are reported. Due to the ability of two polymers to tolerate doping loading more significantly than 100 mol%, both achieve electrical conductivity >100 S cm−1. Moreover, the conductivity of both polythiophenes remains almost constant at high doping concentrations with excellent doping tunability, which may be related to their ability to overcome charging‐induced backbone torsion and morphology change caused by saturated doping. The characterizations reveal that n‐PT4 has a high doping level and carrier concentration (>3.10 × 1020 cm−3), and the carrier concentration continues to increase as the doping concentration increases. In addition, doping leads to improved crystal structure of n‐PT4, and the crystallinity does not decrease significantly with increasing doping concentration; even the carrier mobility increases with it. The synergistic effect of these two leads to both n‐PT3 and n‐PT4 achieving a breakthrough of 100 in conductivity and power factor. The DMlmC‐doped n‐PT4 achieves a power factor of over 150 µW m−1 K−2. These values are among the highest for n‐type organic thermoelectric materials.
In Situ Metal‐Oxygen‐Hydrogen Modified B‐Tio2@Co2P‐X S‐Scheme Heterojunction Effectively Enhanced Charge Separation for Photo‐assisted Uranium Reduction
Authors: Zhang Fucheng , Dong Huanhuan , Li Yi , Fu Dengjiang , Yang Lu , Shang Yupeng , Li Qiuyang , Shao Yuwen , Gang Wu , Ding Tao , Chen Tao , Zhu Wenkun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhoto‐assisted uranium reduction from uranium mine wastewater is expected to overcome the competition between impurity ions and U(VI) in the traditional process. Here, B‐TiO2@Co2P‐X S‐scheme heterojunction with metal‐oxygen‐hydrogen (M‐O‐H) is developed insitu modification for photo‐assisted U(VI) (hexavalent uranium) reduction. Relying on the DFT calculation and Hard‐Soft‐Acid‐Base (HSAB) theory, the introduction of metal‐oxygen‐hydrogen (M‐O‐H, hard base) metallic bonds in the B‐TiO2@Co2P‐X is found to enhance the hydrophilicity and the capture capability for uranyl ion (hard acid). Accordingly, B‐TiO2@Co2P‐500 hybrid nanosheets exhibit excellent U(VI) reduction ability (>98%) in the presence of competing ions. By self‐consistent energy band calculations and in‐situ KPFM spectral analysis, the formation of the internal electric field between B‐TiO2 and Co2P at the heterojunction is proven, offering a strong driving force and atomic transportation highway for accelerating the S‐scheme charge carriers directed migration and promoting the photocatalytic reduction of uranium. This work provides a valuable route to explore the functionally modified photocatalyst with high‐efficiency photoelectron separation for U(VI) reduction.
Threats to aquatic biodiversity and possible management strategies in Lake Victoria
Authors: Muthoka Mavindu , Ogello Erick O. , Outa Nicholas O. , Ouko Kevin O. , Obiero Kevin O. , Mboya Jimmy B. , Mukaburu Bramwel O. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLake Victoria is the second‐largest freshwater lake in the world, with a surface area of 68,800 km2. The lake is rich in natural resources that are essential to the local economy and livelihoods. However, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) ranks 76% of freshwater species endemic to the Lake Victoria Basin as threatened with extinction. The biodiversity richness of the lake is still diminishing, and the risk of species extinction is increasing. Many species are yet to be identified, and thus the number of species threatened with extinction exceeds what is currently known. Furthermore, the lake is home to species that are found nowhere else on the planet, but its protection is never given the attention it needs. Genetic diversity loss is harmful to future populations and influences sustainability of the ecosystem. The decline in Lake Victoria's biodiversity is primarily attributed to various pressing issues, including water pollution, invasive species, climate change, overexploitation and the challenges stemming from high human population density. These problems are exacerbated by inadequate regulatory enforcement and a lack of comprehensive data and information to inform and guide conservation efforts. If these factors are not addressed, they may have a detrimental impact on Lake Biodiversity. This article aims to document the main threats to aquatic biodiversity as well as potential management strategies for preventing further losses of the aquatic biodiversity in Lake Victoria. The study recommends reviewing, bolstering and reinforcing the rules and regulations governing the extraction, accessibility and discharge of nutrients into the lake. The national governments should work with local governments, non‐governmental organizations and local people to safeguard and conserve the lake's biodiversity. The national governments of the riparian nations should also reserve funds each fiscal year specifically for research that would inform effective management measures to prevent further losses of the lake's biodiversity.
Hatchery capacity needed to support large‐scale Atlantic surfclam fishery enhancement
Authors: Gilsinan Caela B. , Borsetti Sarah , Munroe Daphne M. , Scheld Andrew M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFishery enhancement methods are being explored globally to sustain commercial and recreational fisheries through improving the productivity and management of marine populations impacted by anthropogenic stressors. It is expected that access to important Atlantic surfclam fishing grounds will be limited or lost due to growing overlap with offshore wind energy development. This study explores the economic viability of large‐scale hatchery production to improve fishery access and potentially offset additional costs, reduced revenues and potential job losses associated with the displacement of the fishing fleet. Reports and primary literature were used to understand the growth and survival of Atlantic surfclams in hatchery and nursery settings to calculate the scale of hatchery efforts needed to support one million (1M) bushels of fishery‐sized clams (>120 mm). Data on labour, energy, construction and material inputs and costs for hatchery and nursery production were gathered by analysing available literature and information provided by hatchery managers, researchers and others knowledgeable about shellfish hatchery production. A techno‐economic cost model and Monte Carlo analyses were employed to explore average costs and their variability. This study suggests that 374M–2.1B Atlantic surfclams are needed at the end of the hatchery stage to produce 1M bushels of market‐sized product. Total production costs range from $3.7 to $15.1M, including $2.9–$13.3M in hatchery costs and $800K–$1.9M in nursery costs. Under current market conditions, where Atlantic surfclams regularly sell for $14–$17/bushel, this analysis suggests that hatchery production could be considered a viable fishery enhancement method that supports human access to the fishery, though several additional questions remain.
Mongolitria: A new Early Cretaceous three‐valved seed from Northeast Asia
Authors: Bickner Maya A. , Herrera Fabiany , Shi Gongle , Ichinnorov Niiden , Crane Peter R. , Herendeen Patrick S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPremiseFossil seeds recovered from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia and Inner Mongolia, China, are described and assigned to Mongolitria gen. nov., a new genus of gymnosperm seed.MethodsAbundant lignitized seeds along with compression specimens isolated from the matrix were studied using a combination of scanning electron microscopy, anatomical sectioning, light microscopy, synchrotron radiation X‐ray microtomography, and cuticle preparations. A single permineralized seed was examined by light microscopy of cellulose acetate peels and X‐ray microtomography.ResultsTwo species are recognized, Mongolitria friisae sp. nov. and Mongolitria exesum sp. nov. Both seeds are orthotropous with a short apical micropyle and a small, basal, circular attachment scar. The thick sclerenchymatous integument has a consistently three‐parted organization and about 20 conspicuous longitudinal ribs on the surface. Mongolitria exesum differs from M. friisae primarily in its much larger size and thicker seed coat, which also preserves clear evidence of insect damage.ConclusionsMongolitria is similar to other fossil seeds that have been assigned to Cycadales, but displays a unique combination of characters not found in any living or extinct cycadaceous plant, leaving its higher‐level systematic affinities uncertain. Germination apparently involved splitting of the integument into three valves. Mongolitria was prominent among the plant parts accumulating in peat swamps in eastern Asia during the Early Cretaceous.
Sequential Hydroperoxylation and Amberlyst‐15 Catalyzed Hock‐type Rearrangement of Spiroepoxy/Spiroaziridine Oxindoles for the Synthesis of 2‐Hydroxybenzo[b][1,4]oxazin‐3(4H)‐ones
Authors: Saleh S. K. Abu , Mondal Ananda Shankar , Senapati Swarup , Hajra Saumen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA sequential one‐pot direct strategy for the synthesis of 2‐hydroxy‐2‐substituted‐2H‐benzo[b][1,4]oxazin‐3(4H)‐ones is developed under ambient conditions with moderate to good yields (up to 75 %) by regioselective ring‐opening of spiro‐epoxy/aziridine oxindoles with 50 % aq. H2O2 followed by rearrangement reaction in presence of amberlyst‐15 catalyst. Further, sequential reaction with aldehydes/ketones and carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gave spiro[benzo[b][1,4]oxazine‐2,4′‐[1,3]dioxolan]‐3(4H)‐ones and spiro[benzo[b][1,4]oxazine‐2,4′‐[1,3]dioxolane]‐2′,3(4H)‐diones, respectively.
Nonfullerene Acceptor Featuring Unique Self‐Regulation Effect for Organic Solar Cells with 19 % Efficiency
Authors: Liu Feng , Jiang Yuanyuan , Xu Renjie , Su Wenli , Wang Shijie , Zhang Yaogang , Liu Kerui , Xu Shengjie , Zhang Wenkai , Yi Yuanping , Ma Wei , Zhu Xiaozhang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe blend nanomorphology of electron‐donor (D) and ‐acceptor (A) materials is of vital importance to achieving highly efficient organic solar cells. Exogenous additives especially aromatic additives are always needed to further optimize the nanomorphology of blend films, which is hardly compatible with industrial manufacture. Herein, we proposed a unique approach to meticulously modulate the aggregation behavior of NFAs in both crystal and thin film nanomorphology via self‐regulation effect. Nonfullerene acceptor Z9 was designed and synthesized by tethering phenyl groups on the inner side chains of the Y6 backbone. Compared with Y6, the tethered phenyl groups participated in the molecular aggregation via the π–π stacking of phenyl‐phenyl and phenyl‐2‐(5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile (IC‐2F) groups, which induced 3D charge transport with phenyl‐mediated super‐exchange electron coupling. Moreover, ordered molecular packing with suitable phase separation was observed in Z9‐based blend films. High power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 19.0 % (certified PCE of 18.6 %) for Z9‐based devices were achieved without additives, indicating the great potential of the self‐regulation strategy in NFA design.
Broadening the life course framework: the implications of the Charter for the Rights of Children yet to be Conceived proposed by First 1000 Days Australia
Authors: Arabena Kerry 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article examines the unique propositions within the ‘Charter for the Rights of Children yet to be Conceived’ posited by First 1000 Days Australia. It argues that the Charter's pioneering focus on preconception conditions significantly broadens the life‐course framework for early childhood, challenging traditional rights frameworks that typically commence at birth. The Charter's tenets, their implications, and their relation to international rights frameworks are also discussed. The Charter for the Rights of Children yet to be Conceived expands the landscape within which family therapists can explore not just cultural inclusivity, but an inclusion of imagining what sort of world, future, and family we want for children yet to be conceived; and what we imagine these children would want from us for this to be achieved.
A labeling study of dentin formation rates during crown and root growth of porcine mandibular first molars
Authors: Emken Simon , Witzel Carsten , Kierdorf Uwe , Frölich Kai , Kierdorf Horst 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe used fluorochrome labeling to study spatiotemporal variation of dentin apposition (DAR) and extension (DER) rates during crown and root formation of mandibular first molars from wild boar and domestic pigs. DAR was reconstructed along the course of dentinal tubules in four zones of the crown and in the upper root area. In all five zones, mean DAR increased during the first 30% to 40% of apposition, reaching highest values (22–23 μm/day) in the upper‐lateral crown zone. Lowest values were recorded near the dentin‐pulp interface (DPI). Typically, DARs in contemporaneously formed dentin areas were higher in more cuspally compared to more cervically/apically located zones. DER was high (>200 μm/day) in early postnatal crown dentin and then decreased markedly in cervical direction, with lowest values in the cervical crown zone. After this nadir, DER sharply increased in the upper 30% to 40% of the root extension, reaching values equaling (wild boar) or even surpassing (domestic pigs) those recorded in the upper lateral crown. After this peak, DER again decreased. While DAR did not differ markedly between wild boar and domestic pigs, the DER showed marked differences, both regarding maximum values (208.1 μm/day in wild boar, 272.2 μm/day in domestic pigs) and the timing of the root growth spurt, which occurred earlier in the domestic pigs. We consider the more rapid recruitment of secretory odontoblasts in domestic pigs (reflected by higher DER) a side effect of selection for rapid body growth during pig domestication.
Stochastic linear quadratic optimal control problem with terminal state constraints
Authors: Wang Hongxia , Hu Yuxi , Liu Yihang , Xu Zhihao , Song Lianfeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses the stochastic linear quadratic (LQ) control problem with first‐ and second‐order moment constraints on the terminal state. The problem is a modified version of the optimal covariance control problem, where the terminal state is steered to a given probability distribution. Studying a multiplicative‐noise stochastic system rather than an additive‐noise system is a salient feature. Unlike the existing ideas in the optimal steering, by using the Lagrange multipliers method and establishing the stochastic maximum principle, our problem is converted into solving forward–backward stochastic difference equations (FBSDEs), which is a special stochastic two‐point boundary‐value problem (TPBVP). We provide the optimal closed‐loop controller and necessary and sufficient solvability conditions by developing a nonhomogeneous relationship between the optimal state and costate in FBSDEs. Finally, numerical examples are given to demonstrate our results.
Corneal structural alterations in autism spectrum disorder: An in vivo confocal microscopy study
Authors: Chien Yi‐Ling , Wu Po‐Ying , Wu Jo‐Hsuan , Huang Wei‐Lun , Hsiao Chia‐Chieh , Hsieh Yi‐Ting , Cheng Ting , Gau Susan Shur‐Fen , Chen Wei‐Li 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit joint hypermobility and connective tissue disorders. However, it remains unclear if ASD individuals also have structural alterations in the connective tissue of the cornea. This study aims to determine whether the Kobayashi structure (K‐structure) characteristics differ between adults with ASD and typically developing controls (TDC) and explore the clinical correlates of the K‐structure abnormality. We recruited 30 ASD adults and 35 TDC. Corneal structures, particularly the K‐structure in the Bowman's layer, of the participants were examined using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), and a K‐grading ranging from 1 to 4 was given to each eye based on the level of morphological mosaicism. The ASD participants' eyes received a significantly higher single‐eye K‐grading than that of the TDC eyes (p < 0.001), and the medians [25th, 75th percentile] of bilateral‐eye summed K‐grading were 8 [7, 8] and 5 [4, 6] in ASD and TDC, respectively (p < 0.001). A significantly higher K‐grading in the ASD participants' eyes was still observed after adjusting for the within‐subject inter‐eye correlation (p < 0.001). Youden Index showed the optimal cutoffs to differentiate ASD from TDC by bilateral‐eye summed K‐grading and single‐eye K‐grading was >6 and >3, respectively. Additionally, a higher K‐grading was associated with fewer visual sensation seeking in ASD (Spearman's correlation coefficient ρ = −0.518, p = 0.008) and low visual registration (i.e., higher sensory threshold) in TDC (ρ = 0.446, p = 0.023). This study provided novel evidence of corneal structural alterations in ASD by IVCM. Our findings may not only support the prior hypothesis of the association between ASD and connective tissue abnormalities but also shed light on the relationship between connective tissue disorder and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Balkone neu denken: Vorstellung eines neuartigen Balkonanschlusses
Authors: Schiewerling Matthias , Heithorn Jendrik , Mähner Dietmar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEtablierte Systeme zur thermischen Trennung massiver Balkone kommen nicht ohne Verguss der Konstruktion aus und erfordern Stütz‐ und Schalkonstruktionen während der Erhärtungszeit. Daraus resultiert neben einer schlechten Rezyklierbarkeit am Lebensende des Balkons auch ein erhöhter Zeit‐ und Kostenaufwand bei der Herstellung. Der vorgestellte Balkonanschluss zeigt einen Weg auf, wie Fertigteilbalkone zukünftig ohne Verguss und vollständig ohne Stütz‐ und Schalkonstruktion dauerhaft befestigt werden können. Gleichzeitig ermöglicht die vorgestellte Konstruktion ein hochwertiges Recycling der eingesetzten Baustoffe sowie eine Wiederverwendung vollständiger Bauteile.
Schallabsorptionseigenschaften von Lehmoberflächen
Authors: Blaschke Kim Kristin , Schwickert Susanne , Kob Malte 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGegenwärtig wird der historische Baustoff Lehm im Bauwesen wieder deutlich häufiger eingesetzt. In Wohn‐ und Nichtwohngebäuden findet er als Putz, Bauplatte oder gestalterisches Element in Form von Stampflehm oder Lehmsteinen zunehmend Verwendung. Da es wenige gesicherte Messwerte zu den Schallabsorptionseigenschaften von Lehmoberflächen gibt, wurden im Rahmen des DBU‐geförderten Forschungsprojektes ECOsights die frequenzabhängigen Schallabsorptionsgrade einer klassischen Stampflehmwand sowie einer mit lehmverputzter Oberfläche mit dem Hallraum‐Verfahren nach EN ISO 354 messtechnisch ermittelt. Außerdem wurde eine Versuchsreihe mit Messungen mit dem Impedanzrohr (Kundtsches Rohr) nach DIN EN ISO 10534‐1 mit Stampflehm durchgeführt. Dabei wurden neben dem Absorptionsgrad auch die Gewichtsabnahme und die Veränderung der Oberflächenstruktur der Proben erfasst. Für die untersuchten Lehmoberflächen haben sich höhere Schallabsorptionsgrade als die Planungswerte für gleichwertige, zweckentsprechend in der Baupraxis eingesetzte Materialien ergeben.
Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Building Physics Education
Authors: Sommer Bernhard , Moncayo Galo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis series presents articles on the use of computer programmes in university teaching of building physics and building technology for architects and civil engineers. This contribution highlights the utilization of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) in building physics education, drawing upon the expertise of the Energy Design department. The research conducted within the department encompasses the development of custom‐made digital tools, prototyping, and integration of sensors into energy concepts and the implementation of these concepts into building elements. It shows how the latest developments and the good availability and accessibility of algorithms and computing power have been used to train architects and how AI can be used to support the skills of the research and teaching team to create programs highly adapted to specific problems.