bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is there a role for hybrid service provision in place‐based initiatives within the human services sector? Findings from an Australian exploratory study
Authors: Drysdale Kerryn , Bates Shona , Ritter Alison , Smyth Ciara , Leeuw Evelyne de , Katz Ilan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe value of place‐based initiatives in the design and delivery of human services has long been recognised, but the need for hybrid service delivery to clients—that is any combination of online and in‐person modalities—has become more apparent in the wake of the COVID‐19 pandemic. At face value, there may be a perceived contradiction between the reliance on geographical place in place‐based initiatives and online service delivery. Yet, it is inevitable that human services will increasingly be delivered in a hybrid form—even in the context of place‐based initiatives. This exploratory study included a modified Delphi method and deliberative panels with policymakers, service providers, and academics with experience and/or knowledge of hybrid place‐based initiatives. A central finding was the lack of respondents’ shared understanding and ability to link the three central intersecting ideas being examined in this research: ‘hybrid’ and ‘place‐based’ and ‘human services’. The principles underpinning place‐based initiatives need to be retained when incorporating online service delivery within place‐based initiatives. This reflects the need to develop a shared lexicon on hybrid place‐based initiatives and more creative understandings and interpretations of the relationship between people and place.Points for practitioners
Increasingly, human services are being designed, implemented, and delivered through place‐based initiatives, yet the success of place‐based initiatives often relies on more than just face‐to‐face service delivery.
The COVID‐19 pandemic shifted many human services online, but how this has impacted on place‐based initiatives and their defining features of co‐location, collaboration, and co‐design has not been explored to date.
Following the pandemic, both service providers and clients see the benefit in retaining and integrating face‐to‐face and online services, without understanding how best to achieve this with place‐based initiatives.
This study draws on practices developed during the pandemic to understand how to best provide hybrid services (integrating in‐person and online services) and shows the relevance of hybrid services to place‐based initiatives and considerations moving forward.
Coalition bargaining time and governments’ policy‐making productivity
Authors: BÄCK HANNA , BERGMAN MATTHEW E. , MÜLLER WOLFGANG C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhat is the purpose of lengthy negotiations when a coalition government forms? Do they make a difference in coalition policy‐making? Negotiations that produce policy agreements between coalition partners have been suggested to strengthen the capacity of coalition governments to make policy reforms. We argue that bargaining time, regardless if it results in a written policy agreement or not, is an investment in future government reform productivity. Longer negotiation periods indicate that the bargaining parties have negotiated deals over conflicting policy issues and have allowed parties to build trust between them and gain support for future policies within the party organization, promoting reform productivity. Further, we expect that longer negotiation periods can mitigate problems of policy conflict within cabinets, thereby resulting in higher reform productivity. We evaluate our theoretical expectations using a data set on economic reform measures introduced in 10 Western European countries (1978–2017), based on a coding of more than 1000 periodical country reports issued by the Economist Intelligence Unit and the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development. The results show support for our expectations, demonstrating that economic reform productivity is higher in coalition governments that have bargained for a longer time when forming. We also find support for the claim that bargaining time mitigates the negative effect of intra‐cabinet ideological conflict on reform productivity.
Using farmers' ex ante preferences to design agri‐environmental contracts: A systematic review
Authors: Schulze Christoph , Zagórska Katarzyna , Häfner Kati , Markiewicz Olimpia , Czajkowski Mikołaj , Matzdorf Bettina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEnsuring that farmers' ex ante preferences are accounted for is crucial for the design of effective agri‐environmental contracts. We present a systematic review of 127 discrete choice experiment (DCE) studies of farmers' preferences with respect to agri‐environmental contracts. DCE studies evaluate two central features of farmers' behaviour: (1) their willingness to accept land use prescriptions, such as fertiliser use, application of pesticides, restrictions on cropping, livestock management, integration of silvopasture, maintaining soil health or water use restrictions; and (2) their responses to variations in incentive and commitment criteria, such as reward schemes, monitoring regimes, technical assistance, flexibility of agreements, administrative burden and collaborative implementation. Our analysis considers how these different elements are interlinked and applied in experiments to simulate farmers' decision‐making processes. We examine recent methodological improvements in explaining farmer behaviour, including the accommodation of preference heterogeneity, the combining of discrete (enrolment) and continuous decisions, and the incorporation of farmers' sense of identity. DCEs have been applied for the ex ante analysis of different policy instruments to inform the European Common Agricultural Policy and agri‐environmental schemes outside the EU. The results of this systematic review may be useful in informing the future design of such agri‐environmental programmes. The database underpinning this systematic literature review may help peer scientists to (a) compare, validate and triangulate their own findings with respect to other experimental approaches, (b) use previous willingness‐to‐accept (WTA) measures as priors for their own study design, and (c) identify research gaps regarding farmers' preferences for agri‐environmental measures.
Power and politics of leading change in emergency departments: A qualitative study of Australasian emergency physicians
Authors: Rixon Andrew , Judkins Simon , Wilson Samuel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe ability to lead change is well recognised as a core leadership competency for clinicians, including emergency physicians. However, little is known about how emergency physicians' think about change leadership. The present study explores Australasian emergency physicians' beliefs about the factors that help and hinder efforts to lead change in Australasian EDs.MethodsAn online modified Delphi study was conducted with 19 Fellows of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine. To structure the process, participants were sorted into four panels. Using a three‐phase Delphi process, participants were guided through a process of brainstorming, narrowing down and ranking the factors that help and hinder attempts to lead change. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to code and interpret the qualitative data set emerging from participants' responses through the final ranking phase.ResultsA wide array of self‐, ED‐ and hospital‐related enablers and barriers of leading change were identified, the relative importance of which varied as a function of panel. Five core themes characterised emergency physicians' conceptions of change leadership in hospitals: challenging environments of competing interests and tribalism; need for trust and psychological safety to sustain collaboration; challenges of navigating complex hierarchies; need to garner executive leadership support and; need to maintain a growth mindset and motivation to practice change leadership.ConclusionThe findings of our study provide new insight into emergency physicians' conceptions of the nature, barriers to and enablers of change and point to new directions in leadership development to support emergency physicians' aspirations in the context of quality, organisation and health systems improvement.
Prognostic, immunity, stemness, and anticancer drug sensitivity characterization of pyroptosis related genes in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Xu Cong , Ma Hongming , Chen Jiawen , Li Xincheng , Wang Zhina , Hu Bin , Zhang Nan , Meng Fanjie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPyroptosis plays a pivotal role in the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) dynamics, particularly in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of our study was to explore its effects on tumor progression, TME patterns, and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions in NSCLC.MethodsOur investigation encompassed a thorough analysis of pyroptosis‐related genes (PRGs), integrating immunohistochemistry (IHC) data, TME characteristics, stemness indices, and anticancer drug sensitivities. We aimed to analyze mRNA expression profiles across various cancers, constructing benchmark datasets to assess the clinical significance of PRGs in NSCLC. This included evaluating their association with clinical responses and efficacy. Notably, both our and HPA IHC data demonstrated significantly elevated GSDMD‐N protein levels in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) tissues.ResultsThe expression of PRGs differed significantly between tumor and normal tissues across various cancers, as validated by IHC data, and was correlated with prognosis (p < 0.05). Moreover, our investigation revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the expression of the PRGs among distinct TME subtypes categorized as C1 (wound healing), C3 (inflammatory), C2 (IFN‐gamma dominant), C5 (immunological quiet), C4 (lymphocyte deficient), and C6 (TGF‐beta dominant). Additionally, our research on anticancer drug sensitivity uncovered compelling connections between specific anticancer medications and the expression of PRGs, including GSDMD, ELANE, IL18, and CHMP4A (p < 0.05).ConclusionOur study provided valuable insights into the critical role of PRGs in TME modulation, tumor stemness, and anticancer drug sensitivity across diverse cancers. Our findings illuminate the intricate relationship between pyroptosis and the TME, offering new perspectives for enhancing NSCLC treatment and prognosis.
Phylogeography of the small grass yellow Eurema brigitta (Stoll, 1780) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) unveils the existence of distinct taxa within the Palaeotropics
Authors: Irungbam Meenakshi , Irungbam Jatishwor Singh , Rindos Michal , Maresova Jana Papp , Fric Zdenek Faltynek 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEurema brigitta (Stoll, 1780) is one of the few butterfly species distributed in most of the Old World tropics. In 2017, we documented its occurrence in Socotra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Now, we clarify the origin of this specimen and further describe a phylogeographic pattern of this species by comparing Afrotropical, Malagasy and Oriental‐Australian populations using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I marker. We found a deep split between the Afrotropical and Oriental‐Australian populations of this taxon, which are separated by the Indian Ocean and dry eremic habitats on the northern coasts. A less deep but significant split also exists between E. b. brigitta (Stoll, 1780) from mainland Africa and E. b. pulchella (Boisduval, 1833) from Madagascar and surrounding islands. The individual from Socotra clearly originates from Africa. In addition, in accordance with the genetic pattern and the known morphological evidence, we propose to transfer the Oriental‐Australian populations into a separate species, Eurema drona (Horsfield, 1829) reinst. stat.
Comparison of the success rate of tracheal intubation between stylet and bougie with a hyperangulated videolaryngoscope: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Eum D. , Ji Y. J. , Kim H. J. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryHyperangulated videolaryngoscopes are known to increase the success rate of tracheal intubation in the setting of difficult airway management when used with a stylet or bougie. However, there is controversy over which adjunct is more useful. This randomised study aimed to compare first attempt tracheal intubation success rate between a stylet and bougie when using a hyperangulated videolaryngoscope. We recruited patients aged > 20 years who were scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia and required tracheal intubation. We only included patients with factors predicting difficult tracheal intubation based on pre‐anaesthesia airway evaluation. Tracheal intubation was attempted using a Glidescope® with either a stylet or bougie as an adjunct according to group assignment. Primary outcome was the success rate of the first tracheal intubation attempt, and secondary outcomes were success of second and third attempts; tracheal intubation time; and occurrence of sore throat, dysphagia or hoarseness. A total of 166 patients were included. The success rate of the first tracheal intubation attempt was significantly higher in patients allocated to the bougie group compared with those allocated to the stylet group (81/83 (98%) vs. 73/83 (88%), respectively; p = 0.032). The number of patients who needed two attempts was significantly lower in those allocated to the bougie group compared with those allocated to the stylet group (1/83 (1%) vs. 9/83 (11%), respectively; p = 0.018). Each group had one patient (1%) where tracheal intubation was achieved after a third attempt. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of sore throat, dysphagia and hoarseness between the two groups. When difficult tracheal intubation is anticipated and a hyperangulated videolaryngoscope is used, the success rate of the first attempt is higher when a bougie is used compared with a stylet.
Transanal open haemorrhoidopexy: a well‐tolerated, minimally invasive surgical method for haemorrhoids grade II to IV
Authors: Ihle Christof , Zawadzki Antoni 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo determine 1‐year postoperative recurrence rates, postoperative pain and complication rates of transanal open haemorrhoidopexy applied also in grade IV haemorrhoids.MethodsSingle‐centre retrospective observational study without control group. The primary outcome was recurrence rate after 1 year postoperatively. Secondary outcomes were length of postoperative pain, use of opiates and postoperative complications. The recurrence rate was assessed with the Sodergren haemorrhoid symptom severity score questionnaire. For information on the early postoperative period, a retrospective chart review based on the routine 3‐month clinical follow‐up was done.Results135 consecutive patients with haemorrhoids Goligher grades II–IV were operated with transanal open haemorrhoidopexy. 88 patients (65%) consented to participate in the study when approached later via mail. 23% of patients had haemorrhoids Goligher grade IV. 15 patients (17%) needed a second transanal open haemorrhoidopexy for residual haemorrhoidal prolapse. The recurrence rate of prolapsing haemorrhoids was 15% (13 patients) 1 year postoperatively. 21% of patients reported no postoperative pain, 54% described pain for a duration of up to 1 week and 22% for up to 2 weeks. Two patients reported a longer duration of pain of 3 and 4 weeks, respectively. No complications grade Clavien‐Dindo III or higher were detected.ConclusionThe results of our study indicate that transanal open haemorrhoidopexy has a recurrence rate comparable to traditional haemorrhoidectomy including grade IV haemorrhoids and is associated with less pain and tissue damage. A randomized controlled trial may provide further support for the routine application of this method, but may pose challenges.
Spectrum of perforated peptic ulcer disease in a tertiary care hospital in South India: predictors of morbidity and mortality
Authors: Shreya Agarwal , Sahla Sathar , Gurushankari Balakrishnan , Shivakumar Madan , Rifai  , Kate Vikram , Sureshkumar Sathasivam , Mahalakshmy Thulasingam 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPerforated peptic ulcer remains one of the most common surgical emergencies in India with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to identify the perioperative risk factors influencing the post‐operative morbidity and mortality in patients with perforated peptic ulcer disease.MethodsFive‐hundred patients who underwent surgery for perforated peptic ulcer in our institution in the preceding 8 years were included in this observational retrospective study. Their clinical presentations, peri‐operative managements were studied and analysed.ResultsFive hundred cases were analysed of which 96% were males. Mean age was 46.5 years. A total of 160 patients had duodenal perforation and 328 had gastric perforation with a mean size of 8.6 mm. Most patients (96.2%) underwent omental patch closure of the perforation with mean length of hospitalization being 14 days. The most common major and minor postoperative complications were prolonged intubation and pulmonary complaints respectively. Re‐exploration was needed in 6.2% of cases with a post‐operative leak rate of 5.8%. Age >60 years, presence of comorbid illnesses, shock at presentation and perforation size >1 cm were identified as independent predictors of postoperative morbidity. Overall mortality was 11.6% while specific mortality among males and females were 11.8% and 5% respectively. Age >60 years, shock at presentation, presence of abdominal rigidity and size of perforation >1 cm were independent predictors of mortality.ConclusionOld age, comorbidities, shock at presentation, perforation size >1 cm, higher ASA grade, prolonged surgery and biliopurulent contamination >500 mL were independent predictors of both increased post‐operative morbidity and mortality.
Acute pancreatitis in childhood – a comparative international study and tale of two cities
Authors: Salim Adeline , Boonthai Ampaipan , Tanpowpong Pornthep , Losty Paul D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundsTo compare factor(s) contributing to aetiology, management and clinical outcome(s) of paediatric patients acquiring acute pancreatitis (AP) at two major university paediatric surgical centres in Liverpool and Bangkok.MethodsAll patients (<18 years) with an index diagnosis of AP (ICD 10 coding) during 2006–2016 were studied.Results121 patients included n = 79 (65.3%) in Thailand versus n = 42 (34.7%) in the UK centre with no difference(s) in age at diagnosis at 10.4 ± 4.5 and 11.7 ± 6 years. (P = 0.12). Major AP aetiology(s) in Thailand were medications (39.2%) and choledochal cysts (8.9%). In the UK—gallstone disease (21.4%), and medications (16.7%) were leading factors (P < 0.01). Ultrasonography was deployed more frequently in the UK versus Thai centre (74.3% vs. 49.1%; P < 0.01). Pancreatitis was confirmed by imaging in 67.9% (Thai) and 62.9% (UK) patients (P = 0.47). Most patients at both centres had a mild‐grade pancreatitis illness (95% Thai vs. 90.5% UK; P = 0.28) while 12.7% of Thai and 19% of UK children developed pancreatitis‐related complication (P = 0.37). Overall mortality rate (%) was significantly higher in the Thai versus UK centre (27.8% vs. 9.5%; P = 0.02).ConclusionsAetiology of acute pancreatitis appears to vary between UK and Thailand children. Timely early diagnosis and healthcare pathways may be driven by local patient‐related factor(s). The higher mortality (%) observed in Thailand versus UK in this comparative study was linked to underlying co‐existent chronic medical condition(s) in vulnerable patient cohorts.
Internal Colonialism as Socio‐Ecological Fix: The Case of New Clark City in the Philippines
Authors: Crabb Lauren , Agar Celal Cahit , Böhm Steffen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe study the emergence of New Clark City, Philippines, which is part of the country's development programme “Build‐Build‐Build”. Triangulating data from field observations, interviews, and documents, we analyse the social, economic, and ecological consequences of this “city of the future”. The city enables capital to be fixed into space, which (i) creates new accumulation opportunities for investors, (ii) lubricates capital circulation, shortening turnover times and lowering costs, and (iii) staves off a multitude of longstanding barriers faced by capital and state actors by reordering space along the lines of the Philippines’ geographical expansion and spatial restructuring strategy. Aiming to address a geographical‐switching crisis, this socio‐ecological fix goes hand‐in‐hand with the stark reality of an internal colonialist agenda, resulting in negative consequences for local and Indigenous communities. We contribute to the socio‐ecological fix literature by arguing that internal colonialism offers a vital lens to understand capital expansion from the centre to the periphery.
Burden of perianal disease in Crohn's disease: Accelerating medical therapy and high rates of perianal surgery over the last four decades – Results from a population‐based study over four decades
Authors: Gonczi Lorant , Lakatos Laszlo , Golovics Petra A. , Angyal Dorottya , Balogh Fruzsina , Ilias Akos , Pandur Tunde , David Gyula , Erdelyi Zsuzsanna , Szita Istvan , Lakatos Peter L. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryBackgroundFew population‐based studies have investigated the prevalence and disease course of perianal manifestation in Crohn's disease.AimsTo analyse the prevalence and outcomes of perianal Crohn's disease including medical therapies and need for perianal surgery, over different therapeutic eras based on the time of diagnosis; cohort A (1977–1995), cohort B (1996–2008), and cohort C (2009–2018)MethodsPatient inclusion lasted between 1977 and 2018. We followed patients prospectively, and regularly reviewed both in‐hospital and outpatient records. We defined a perianal surgical procedure as any perianal incision and excision, fistulotomy, or abscess drainage.ResultsWe included 946 incident patients. Perianal disease at diagnosis was present in 17.4% (n = 165) of the total cohort, with a declining prevalence in cohorts A/B/C, respectively (24.7%/18.5%/13.2%; p = 0.001). By the end of follow‐up, an additional 9.3% (n = 88) of the total cohort developed perianal disease. Cumulative immunosuppressive and biologic exposure increased over time; biologic use was higher in patients with perianal disease [pLog Rank < 0.001]. The overall rate of perianal surgery was 44.7% (113/253), with a probability of 28.3% (95% CI: 25.4–31.2) after 10 years, 41.0% (95% CI: 37.5–44.5) after 20 years, and 64.1% (95% CI: 59–69.2) after 30 years. There was no statistically significant difference in the probability of first perianal surgery among cohorts A/B/C [Log Rank = 0.594].ConclusionsThe burden of perianal disease and perianal surgery rates were high in this cohort. Therapeutic strategy was accelerated in patients with perianal Crohn's over time with higher exposure to immunosuppressives and biologics. Surgical management of perianal disease remained unchanged amongst the cohorts.