bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four‐Dimensional Flow MRI‐Derived Hemodynamics in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Reproducibility and Associations With Diameter, Intraluminal Thrombus Volume, and Vorticity
Authors: Aalbregt Eva , Indrakusuma Reza , Jalalzadeh Hamid , Planken R. Nils , van Schuppen Joost , Meijboom Lilian , Balm Ron , Nederveen Aart J. , Yeung Kak Khee , van Ooij Pim 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundMaximum diameter measurements are used to assess the rupture risk of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs); however, these are not precise enough to predict all ruptures. Four‐dimensional (4D) flow MRI‐derived parameters provide additional information by visualizing hemodynamics in AAAs but merit further investigation before they are clinically applicable.PurposeTo assess the reproducibility of 4D flow MRI‐derived hemodynamics, to investigate possible correlations with lumen and maximum diameter, and to explore potential relationships with vorticity and aneurysm growth.Study TypeProspective single‐arm study.PopulationA total of 22 (71.5 ± 6.1 years, 20 male) asymptomatic AAA patients with a maximum diameter of at least 30 mm.Field Strength/SequenceA 3.0 T/Free‐breathing 4D flow MRI phase‐contrast acquisition with retrospective ECG‐gating.AssessmentPatients underwent two consecutive 4D flow MRI scans 1‐week apart. Aortic volumes were segmented from time‐averaged phase contrast magnetic resonance angiographies. Reproducibility was assessed by voxelwise analysis after registration. Mean flow velocity, mean wall shear stress (WSS), mean lumen diameter, and qualitative vorticity scores were assessed. In addition, Dixon MRI and retrospective surveillance data were used to study maximum diameter (including thrombus), intraluminal thrombus volume (ILT), and growth rate.Statistical TestsFor reproducibility assessment, Bland–Altman analyses, Pearson correlation, Spearman's correlation, and orthogonal regression were conducted. Potential correlations between hemodynamics and vorticity scores were assessed using linear regression. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsTest–retest median Pearson correlation coefficients for flow velocity and WSS were 0.85 (IQR = 0.08) m/sec and 0.82 (IQR = 0.10) Pa, respectively. Mean WSS significantly correlated with mean flow velocity (R = 0.75) and inversely correlated with mean lumen diameter (R = −0.73). No significant associations were found between 4D flow MRI‐derived hemodynamic parameters and maximum diameter (flow velocity: P = 0.98, WSS: P = 0.22).Data ConclusionA 4D flow MRI is robust for assessing the hemodynamics within AAAs. No correlations were found between hemodynamic parameters and maximum diameter, ILT volume and growth rate.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Clinical Breast MRI‐based Radiomics for Distinguishing Benign and Malignant Lesions: An Analysis of Sequences and Enhanced Phases
Authors: Wang Guangsong , Guo Qiu , Shi Dafa , Zhai Huige , Luo Wenbin , Zhang Haoran , Ren Zhendong , Yan Gen , Ren Ke 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundPrevious studies have used different imaging sequences and different enhanced phases for breast lesion calsification in radiomics. The optimal sequence and contrast enhanced phase is unclear.PurposeTo identify the optimal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics model for lesion clarification, and to simulate its incremental value for multiparametric MRI (mpMRI)‐guided biopsy.Study TypeRetrospective.Population329 female patients (138 malignant, 191 benign), divided into a training set (first site, n = 192) and an independent test set (second site, n = 137).Field Strength/Sequence3.0‐T, fast spoiled gradient‐echo and fast spin‐echo T1‐weighted imaging (T1WI), fast spin‐echo T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI), echo‐planar diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), and fast spoiled gradient‐echo contrast‐enhanced MRI (CE‐MRI).AssessmentTwo breast radiologists with 3 and 10 years' experience developed radiomics model on CE‐MRI, CE‐MRI + DWI, CE‐MRI + DWI + T2WI, CE‐MRI + DWI + T2WI + T1WI at each individual phase (P) and for multiple combinations of phases. The optimal radiomics model (Rad‐score) was identified as having the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in the test set. Specificity was compared between a traditional mpMRI model and an integrated model (mpMRI + Rad‐score) at sensitivity >98%.Statistical TestsWilcoxon paired‐samples signed rank test, Delong test, McNemar test. Significance level was 0.05 and Bonferroni method was used for multiple comparisons (P = 0.007, 0.05/7).ResultsFor radiomics models, CE‐MRI/P3 + DWI + T2WI achieved the highest performance in the test set (AUC = 0.888, 95% confidence interval: 0.833–0.944). The integrated model had significantly higher specificity (55.3%) than the mpMRI model (31.6%) in the test set with a sensitivity of 98.4%.Data ConclusionThe CE‐MRI/P3 + DWI + T2WI model is the optimized choice for breast lesion classification in radiomics, and has potential to reduce benign biopsies (100%–specificity) from 68.4% to 44.7% while retaining sensitivity >98%.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2
MR Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI) of the Normal Human Uterus in Vivo During the Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Li Yajie , Chen Ye , Fu Caixia , Li Qing , Liu Hanqiu , Zhang Qi 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe uterus undergoes dynamic changes throughout the menstrual cycle. Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is based on the non‐Gaussian distribution of water molecules and can perhaps represent the changes of uterine microstructure.PurposeTo investigate the temporal changes in DKI‐parameters of the normal uterine corpus and cervix during the menstrual cycle.Study TypeProspective.Population21 healthy female volunteers (26.64 ± 4.72 years) with regular menstrual cycles (28 ± 7 days).Field Strength/SequenceReadout segmentation of long variable echo‐trains (RESOLVE)‐based DKI and fast spin‐echo T2‐weighted sequences at 3.0T.AssessmentEach volunteer was scanned during the menstrual phase, ovulatory phase, and luteal phase. Regions of interest (ROI) were manually delineated in the endometrium, junctional zone, and myometrium of the uterine body, and in the mucosal layer, fibrous stroma layer, and loose stroma layer of the cervix. The mean Kapp (diffusion kurtosis coefficient), Dapp (diffusion coefficient), and ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient) values were measured in the ROI.Statistical TestsANOVA with Bonferroni or Tamhane correction. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for assessing agreement. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsDuring the menstrual cycle, the highest Kapp (0.848 ± 0.184) and lowest Dapp (1.263 ± 0.283 *10−3 mm2/sec) values were found in the endometrium during the menstrual phase. The Dapp values for the myometrium were significantly higher than those of the endometrium and the junctional zone in every phase. Meanwhile, the Dapp values for the three zonal structures of the cervix during ovulation were significantly higher than those during the luteal phase. However, there was no significant difference in the ADC values of the loose stroma between ovulation and the luteal phase (P = 0.568). The reproducibility of DKI parameters was good (ICC, 0.857–0.944).Data ConclusionDKI can show dynamic changes of the normal uterus during the menstrual cycle.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with lower risk of hepatitis B virus infection: A multivariable Mendelian randomization study in East Asian population
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Hua , Ren Ao , Fan Wei , Qin Qiong , Zhao Ling , Ma Ruidong , Peng Qiufeng , Luo Shiqiao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still unclear. We conducted a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using summary statistics from genome‐wide association studies for SLE and HBV infection in individuals of East Asian ancestry. The inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) method, weighted median (WM) method, and MR‐Egger method were used to estimate the causal effect of SLE on HBV infection. Additionally, we performed a multivariable MR analysis adjusting for the effects of body mass index and rheumatoid arthritis. This MR study included a total of 225 106 individuals of East Asian ancestry, comprising 5616 cases and 219 490 controls. The IVW method (OR: 0.79, p = 3.34E−08) and the WM method (OR: 0.79, p = 9.09E−06) revealed a causal relationship between genetically predicted SLE and a low risk of HBV infection. The multivariable MR analysis still suggested a low risk of HBV infection associated with SLE (OR: 0.83, p = 2.89E−06). Our MR analysis supports a causal relationship between SLE and a low risk of HBV infection in individuals of East Asian ancestry.
Optimum design of slot and magnet structure of permanent magnet synchronous generator with teaching‐learning‐studying‐based optimization
Authors: Duman Serhat , Dalcalı Adem 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFrom the point of production to consumption, electrical energy should be utilized effectively and qualitatively. Efficiency at the electricity consumption stage is not sufficient, and the desired criteria must be met at the production stage. The efficient and high‐quality generation of electrical energy is directly related to the performance of the generator used. In order to achieve the desired criteria for a generator design, many issues should be considered together. In order for this study to do, a 14‐pole and 5 kW permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) was designed using the innovative optimizer named the weighted mean of vectors (INFO), the jumping spider optimization algorithm (JSOA), the teaching–learning‐based optimization (TLBO), the pelican optimization algorithm (POA) and the teaching‐learning‐studying‐based optimization (TLSBO) algorithms. The generator performance was optimized within the determined inequality constraints by the offset and embrace value and six parameters of the stator slot structure. The generator designed with the parameters determined by the TLSBO was more successful than the generators designed according to all the other proposed algorithms. The total harmonic distortion (THD) value decreased by 51.983% compared to the initial design at approximately the same efficiency.
Selective vulnerability of hippocampal CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells: What are possible pathomechanisms and should more attention be paid to the CA3 region in future studies?
Authors: Einenkel Anne‐Marie , Salameh Aida 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTransient ischemia and reperfusion selectively damage neurons in brain, with hippocampal pyramidal cells being particularly vulnerable. Even within hippocampus, heterogeneous susceptibility is evident, with higher vulnerability of CA1 versus CA3 neurons described for several decades. Therefore, numerous studies have focused exclusively on CA1. Pediatric cardiac surgery is increasingly focusing on studies of hippocampal structures, and a negative impact of cardiopulmonary bypass on the hippocampus cannot be denied. Recent studies show a shift in selective vulnerability from neurons of CA1 to CA3. This review shows that cell damage is increased in CA3, sometimes stronger than in CA1, depending on several factors (method, species, age, observation period). Despite a highly variable pattern, several markers illustrate greater damage to CA3 neurons than previously assumed. Nevertheless, the underlying cellular mechanisms have not been fully deciphered to date. The complexity is reflected in possible pathomechanisms discussed here, with numerous factors (NMDA, kainate and AMPA receptors, intrinsic oxidative stress potential and various radicals, AKT isoforms, differences in vascular architecture, ratio of pro‐ and anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 factors, vulnerability of interneurons, mitochondrial dysregulation) contributing to either enhanced CA1 or CA3 vulnerability. Furthermore, differences in expressed genome, proteome, metabolome, and transcriptome in CA1 and CA3 appear to influence differential behavior after damaging stimuli, thus metabolomics‐, transcriptomics‐, and proteomics‐based analyses represent a viable option to identify pathways of selective vulnerability in hippocampal neurons. These results emphasize that future studies should focus on the CA3 field in addition to CA1, especially with regard to improving therapeutic strategies after ischemic/hypoxic brain injury.
The evolutionary characteristics of temperature change in China during 1961–2020
Authors: Zhou Mengzi , Zhou Guangsheng , Song Yanling , Zhou Li , Ji Yuhe , Lv Xiaomin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe changes of annual average, minimum and maximum temperature (Tavg, Tmin and Tmax) in China over 1961–2020 were examined based on the Chinese gridded observation dataset (CN05.1), and the relative contributions of Tmin and Tmax to the tendency of Tavg were addressed. The results show that the nationwide mean warming rate reached 0.29°C·decade−1 for Tavg, 0.39°C·decade−1 for Tmin and 0.24°C·decade−1 for Tmax, respectively, from 1961 to 2020, which depended on temporal windows. The relative contributions of Tmin and Tmax to the trends of Tavg over China during 1961–2020 are 56% and 44%, respectively. On the spatial scale, the majority of China exhibits a greater relative contribution of Tmin than Tmax, except for some areas along the Hu Huanyong Line. As in the case of the warming rate, the temporal patterns of the magnitude of the relative contribution of Tmin and Tmax are also identified. For the first 30 years (1961–1990), Tmin is the primary contributor to changes in the trend of Tavg over a broad area excluding the Qinling Mountain‐Huai River to the Nanling Mountain. The national average magnitudes of the relative contribution of Tmax is slightly larger than Tmin in the latter 30 years (1991–2020). The areas with larger contributions of Tmax are mainly scattered along Hu Huanyong Line, the southern part of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau and the patchy parts of Northwest China. Changes in downward longwave radiation, solar radiation, cloud cover, land use, soil moisture, atmospheric circulation and urbanization likely accounted for much of the trend difference of Tmin and Tmax, thereby leading to various relative contributions across different regions during different periods. The warming mechanisms in China have been subjected to novel changes. The study could provide information for decision making on scientific response to warming.
Scrutinizing the use of contrasted chest CTs in extremity sarcoma staging and surveillance
Authors: Priester Jacob I. , Simister Samuel K. , Sario Matthew , Choi Justin , Pina Dagoberto , Theriault Raminta , Bateni Cyrus , Ghasemiesfe Ahmadreza , Carr‐Ascher Janai , Monjazeb Arta M. , Canter Robert J. , Randall R. L. , Thorpe Steven W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundSince 2015, the American College of Radiology (ACR) has recommended staging for lung metastasis via chest computed tomography (CT) without contrast for extremity sarcoma staging and surveillance. The purpose of this study was to determine our institutional compliance with this recommendation.MethodsThis was a retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with sarcoma in the extremities who received CT imaging of the chest for pulmonary staging and surveillance at our institution from 2005 to 2023. A total of 1916 CT studies were included for analysis. We scrutinized ordering patterns before and after 2015 based on the ACR‐published metastasis staging and screening guidelines. An institutional and patient cost analysis was performed between CT modalities.ResultsThe prevalence of CT scans ordered and performed with contrast was greater than those without contrast both prior and post‐ACR 2015 guidelines. Furthermore, 79.2% of patient's final surveillance CTs after 2015 were performed with contrast. A cost analysis was performed and demonstrated an additional $297 704 in patient and institutional costs.ConclusionsAt our institution, upon review of CT chest imaging for pulmonary staging and surveillance in patients with extremity sarcoma the use of contrast has been routinely utilized despite a lack of evidence for its necessity and contrary to ACR guidelines.
Urban green and blue spaces for influencing physical activity in the United Kingdom: A narrative review of the policy and evidence
Authors: Leese Callum , Al‐Zubaidi Hussain 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionWith the rapid growth of urbanization globally and in the UK, increasing attention is now being directed towards urban green spaces (UGS). The appeal of UGS to policymakers lies in their capacity to address multiple policy objectives, including improving physical and mental wellbeing, mitigating noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), combating climate change through carbon sequestration, providing climate adaptation measures, and enhancing biodiversity.MethodThis narrative review gives an overview of the current literature and UK policy relating to urban green and blue spaces, with a particular focus on the use of UGS to increase physical activity levels.ResultsUGS have a profound impact on public health, with evidence indicating their positive effect on both physical and psychological health. Thirty‐eight percent of adults in the UK do not live within 15 minutes of UGS, so policy makers at national and international level are aiming to address this gap. One reason for the health benefits of UGS is associated increased physical activity, a vital component needed to address the burden of non‐communicable disease. To effectively harness UGS to promote physical activity various factors must be considered; proximity and diversity of urban green spaces, and the presence of suitable infrastructure features. Tailoring UGS to meet the needs and preferences of different population demographics is essential, as is ensuring safety, and addressing barriers to access particularly for lower socio‐economic groups. The careful planning of UGS must avoid potential gentrification effects and displacement of vulnerable communities, whilst utilising the equigenic nature of UGS.ConclusionsTo create a brighter future and capitalize on the potential of UGS, a collaborative approach is needed, involving communities, local governments, and national authorities. Primary‐care professionals, represented by organizations like the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP), can play a crucial role in advocating for UGS and physical activity, promoting their use, and providing guidance and support.
The prototype of a frailty learning health system: The HARMONY Model
Authors: Parker Kirsten J. , Hickman Louise D. , McDonagh Julee , Lindley Richard I. , Ferguson Caleb 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionRapid translation of research findings into clinical practice through innovation is critical to improve health systems and patient outcomes. Access to efficient systems of learning underpinned with real‐time data are the future of healthcare. This type of health system will decrease unwarranted clinical variation, accelerate rapid evidence translation, and improve overall healthcare quality.MethodsThis paper aims to describe The HARMONY model (acHieving dAta‐dRiven quality iMprovement to enhance frailty Outcomes using a learNing health sYstem), a new frailty learning health system model of implementation science and practice improvement. The HARMONY model provides a prototype for clinical quality registry infrastructure and partnership within health care.ResultsThe HARMONY model was applied to the Western Sydney Clinical Frailty Registry as the prototype exemplar. The model networks longitudinal frailty data into an accessible and useable format for learning. Creating local capability that networks current data infrastructures to translate and improve quality of care in real‐time.ConclusionThis prototype provides a model of registry data feedback and quality improvement processes in an inpatient aged care and rehabilitation hospital setting to help reduce clinical variation, enhance research translation capacity, and improve care quality.
Three EHDA Processes from a Detachable Spinneret for Fabricating Drug Fast Dissolution Composites
Authors: Chen Shu , Zhou Jianfeng , Fang Boya , Ying Yue , Yu Deng‐Guang , He Hua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, three kinds of electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) processes (electrospraying, electrospinning, and coaxial electrospinning) are implemented to create hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) based ultra‐thin products for providing the fast dissolution of a poorly water‐soluble drug ketoprofen (KET). An EHDA apparatus, characterized by a novel spinneret, is homemade for conducting the three processes. The three types of products are electrospun nanofibers E1, electrosprayed microparticles E2, and core‐shell nanofibers E3. SEM and TEM results indicate that they have the anticipated morphologies and inner structures. X‐ray diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared results verify that KET is mainly amorphous in all the composites due to its fine compatibility with HPMC. In vitro dissolution tests demonstrate that the drug rapid release performances has an order of E3>E1>E2≫KET powders. The fast dissolution mechanisms are suggested and the advantages of the three products are compared. The super performance of E3 in furnishing the rapid release is attributed to a synergistic action of small size (of the shell thickness), high porosity, amorphous state of drug, and the solubility of HPMC. EHDA nanostructures can support the development of nano drug delivery systems (DDSs) through tailoring the spatial distribution of drug molecules within the nano products.
Genome‐wide meta‐analysis and fine‐mapping prioritize potential causal variants and genes related to leprosy
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Liu Tingting , Li Wenchao , Yu Gongqi , Mi Zihao , Wang Chuan , Liao Xiaojie , Huai Pengcheng , Chu Tongsheng , Liu Dianchang , Sun Lele , Fu Xi'an , Sun Yonghu , Wang Honglei , Wang Na , Liu Jianjun , Liu Hong , Zhang Furen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo date, genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) have discovered 35 susceptible loci of leprosy; however, the cumulative effects of these loci can only partially explain the overall risk of leprosy, and the causal variants and genes within these loci remain unknown. Here, we conducted out new GWASs in two independent cohorts of 5007 cases and 4579 controls and then a meta‐analysis in these newly generated and multiple previously published (2277 cases and 3159 controls) datasets were performed. Three novel and 15 previously reported risk loci were identified from these datasets, increasing the known leprosy risk loci of explained genetic heritability from 23.0 to 38.5%. A comprehensive fine‐mapping analysis was conducted, and 19 causal variants and 14 causal genes were identified. Specifically, manual checking of epigenomic information from the Epimap database revealed that the causal variants were mainly located within the immune‐relevant or immune‐specific regulatory elements. Furthermore, by using gene‐set, tissue, and cell‐type enrichment analyses, we highlighted the key roles of immune‐related tissues and cells and implicated the PD‐1 signaling pathways in the pathogenetic mechanism of leprosy. Collectively, our study identified candidate causal variants and elucidated the potential regulatory and coding mechanisms for genes associated with leprosy.