bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Screening for Neonatal Liver Disease: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Keffler Sue , Kelly Deirdre A. , Powell Judith E. , Green Anne 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Extra‐hepatic biliary atresia and several other causes of neonatal liver disease carry high mortality and morbidity rates, especially if not treated early in life. Despite professional recommendations, delayed referral of infants with prolonged jaundice continues to be a significant problem. One approach to reducing the age of referral and diagnosis is population screening to detect significant conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia as an index of liver dysfunction.Methods:To investigate this possibility, and to provide reference data on bilirubin and its conjugated and unconjugated fractions in a normal newborn population, 1157 neonates were anonymously tested (median age 7 days, range 4‐28 days) using surplus plasma from routinely collected neonatal screening specimens, using dry slide chemistry.Results:Of 2310 specimens received, 50% were suitable for analysis. The remainder were either haemolysed or insufficient (10% and 40% of the total, respectively). Total bilirubin concentrations ranged from 9 to 428µmol/l and conjugated bilirubin from 0 to 175 µmol/l, although the latter was rarely increased to more than 30 µmol/l (2.5th‐97.5th percentile ranges 15‐285 µmol/l and 0‐18 µmol/l, respectively). The range of the percentage of conjugated bilirubin was 0‐57% (2.5th‐97.5th percentile; range 0‐20%).Conclusion:An increased conjugated bilirubin, expressed as a concentration or as the percentage of the total bilirubin, could be used as a specific marker to screen for liver dysfunction in neonates. This approach has the potential to improve the age of referral and the prognosis of infants with neonatal liver disease.
Longitudinal analysis of sensory responsivity from infancy to school age in children at high and low familial likelihood for autism
Authors: Gunderson Jaclyn , Symons Frank , Kohli Nidhi , Grzadzinski Rebecca , Burrows Casey , Estes Annette , Dager Stephen , Piven Joseph , Wolff Jason ,   IBIS Network
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundEmpirical evidence regarding the development of sensory responsivity in young children at high likelihood to develop autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains relatively limited. It is unclear how sensory responsivity behaviors may change over time and impact later developmental outcomes. The goals of this study were to (a) characterize developmental trajectories of sensory responsivity across infancy (∼12 months), toddlerhood (∼24 months), and school age (6–11 years) in children at high and low familial likelihood for ASD; and (b) determine if sensory responsivity in infancy predicts adaptive and cognitive functioning at school age among children with ASD.MethodsGeneralized linear mixed effects models were used to examine scores from the Sensory Experiences Questionnaire in three groups of children including high‐likelihood children later diagnosed with ASD (HL‐ASD; n = 30), high‐likelihood children without ASD (HL‐Neg; n = 150), and low‐likelihood control children not meeting ASD diagnostic criteria (LL‐Neg; n = 94). Hierarchical linear regression was then used to examine the association between sensory responsivity scores in infancy and functional adaptive and cognitive outcomes at school age for children at high likelihood of ASD.ResultsDevelopment of sensory responsivity from infancy to later childhood is best estimated by the effects of chronological age and Group for Sensory Seeking and Hypo responsivity and the additional effect of the interaction of Group and chronological age for Total and Hyper responsivity. Early elevated Hypo responsivity and Sensory Seeking scores are negatively associated with later adaptive behavior but not cognitive level.ConclusionOverall, higher degrees of Sensory Seeking and Hypo sensory responsivity are detectable in autistic children's behavioral repertoires by 12 months of age and associate with reduced adaptive functioning in middle childhood. These results point to the potential importance of early detection and treatment implications of early sensory behaviors.
Engineering students' epistemic affect and meta‐affect in solving ill‐defined problems
Authors: Swenson Jessica , Treadway Emma , Beranger Krista 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundReal‐world engineering problems are ill‐defined and complex, and solving them may arouse negative epistemic affect (feelings experienced within problem‐solving). These feelings fall into sequenced patterns (affective pathways). Over time, these patterns can alter students' attitudes toward engineering. Meta‐affect (affect or cognition about affect) can shape or reframe affective pathways, changing a student's problem‐solving experience.Purpose/Hypothesis(es)This paper examines epistemic affect and meta‐affect in undergraduate students solving ill‐defined problems called open‐ended modeling problems (OEMPs), addressing two research questions: What epistemic affect and transitions between different affective states do students report? And, how does meta‐affect shape students' affective experiences?Design/MethodWe examined 11 retrospective interviews with nine students performed across two semesters in which students completed OEMPs. Using inductive and deductive coding with discourse analysis, we systematically searched for expressions conveying epistemic affect and for transitions in affect; we performed additional deductive coding of the transcripts for meta‐affect and synthesized these results to formulate narratives related to affect and meta‐affect.ResultsTogether, the expressions, transitions, and meta‐affect suggest different types of student experiences. Depending on their meta‐affect, students either recounted experiences dominated by positive or negative affect, or else they experienced negative emotions as productive.ConclusionsIll‐defined complex problems elicit a wide range of positive and negative emotions and provide opportunities to practice affective regulation and productive meta‐affect. Viewing the OEMPs as authentic disciplinary experiences and/or the ability to view negative emotions as productive can enable overall positive experiences. Our results provide insight into how instructors can foster positive affective pathways through problem‐scaffolding or their interactions with students.
Water quality trends of streams in Puerto Rico: Evaluating 50 years of the Clean Water Act
Authors: Martínez‐Rodríguez Gustavo A. , Vázquez‐Cartagena Miguel A. , Perdomo‐García Cristian R. , Macchiavelli Raul E. , Sotomayor‐Ramírez David , Rosa Juan R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWater quality regulations entail a substantial commitment of resources from governments and private entities. It is important to continually evaluate the effectiveness of these regulations to ensure they are having the intended impact. In this paper, we evaluated nutrient data as indicators of primary productivity and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and pH as response variables to assess historical water quality trends from 55 stations of Puerto Rico. The stations were divided into impaired versus non‐impaired categories based on their historical total phosphorus (TP) mean concentration. Mean TP and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations were significantly higher in the impaired stations relative to the non‐impaired stations. In contrast, DO mean concentrations and mean pH values were significantly lower in the impaired stations. A generalized additive mixed model was used to demonstrate temporal trends. A significant decrease in TP and TN concentrations was observed with time at the impaired stations. This was accompanied by significant increases in DO concentrations and pH. The non‐impaired stations showed a marginal (statistically nonsignificant) decreasing trend with time. The large reductions in nutrient concentrations observed at the impaired stations seem to be related to the closure of several primary wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across the island. The conversion of abandoned crop agricultural lands into secondary forest in recent decades has resulted in small but significant decreases in TN (not TP) in receiving streams. We conclude that the Clean Water Act has promoted improvements in water quality in Puerto Rico by advancing upgrades in sanitary infrastructure and the regulation of point sources of pollution.
Foliar application of nettle and Japanese knotweed extracts on Vitis vinifera: impact on phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and antioxidant activity during veraison and harvest of cv. Touriga Franca
Authors: Monteiro Eliana , Baltazar Miguel , Pereira Sandra , Correia Sofia , Ferreira Helena , Bragança Radek , Cortez Isabel , Castro Isaura , Gonçalves Berta 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant‐based extracts have been recently used as sustainable tools to improve biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and increase grape (Vitis vinifera L.) quality. However, knowledge about the effect of these extracts on secondary metabolism compounds, that are fundamental for grape and wine quality, is still scarce. In this study, a trial was installed in an experimental vineyard with the variety Touriga Franca located at University of Trás‐os‐Montes e Alto Douro, Baixo Corgo sub‐region of the Douro Demarcated Region, Portugal in two growing seasons: 2019 and 2020. The aim was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of nettle (Urtica spp.) extract (NE) and Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica) extract (JKE) on grapevines leaves and berries bioactive compounds contents and antioxidant activity, at veraison and harvest.RESULTSThe application of NE increased the total carotenoids in leaves and the total phenolics content and the antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power, FRAP) in berries while JKE increased flavonoids content in leaves and the antioxidant activity (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) in berries.CONCLUSIONThese extracts seem to have a stimulatory effect on grapevine, enhancing bioactive compounds contents and antioxidant capacity and, consequently, the physiological performance of the plant and the quality of the berries. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Intravenous tranexamic acid reduces complications following surgical treatment of pathologic fractures of the lower extremity
Authors: Gettleman Brandon S. , Liu Kevin C. , Richardson Mary K. , Chen Matthew , Talehakimi Arad , Heckmann Nathanael D. , Menendez Lawrence , Christ Alexander B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the postoperative complications associated with administering intravenous (IV) tranexamic acid (TXA) in patients undergoing surgical fixation for neoplastic pathologic fractures of the lower extremities.MethodsPatients ≥18 years old who underwent surgical intervention for neoplastic pathologic lower extremity fractures from 2015 to 2021 were identified using the Premier Healthcare Database. This cohort was divided by TXA receipt on the index surgery day. Patient demographics, hospital factors, patient comorbidities, and 90‐day complications were assessed and compared between the cohorts.ResultsFrom 2015 to 2021, 4497 patients met inclusion criteria (769 TXA[+] and 3728 TXA[−]). Following propensity score matching, patients who received TXA had a significantly shorter length of stay than those who did not (7.6 ± 7.3 days vs. 9.0 ± 15.2, p = 0.036). Between the two cohorts, there were no significant differences in comorbidities. Regarding differences in postoperative complications, TXA(+) patients had significantly decreased odds of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (1.87% vs. 5.46%; odds ratio [OR]:0.33; 95% confidence interval: 0.17–0.62; p = 0.001).ConclusionAdministration of IV TXA may be associated with a decreased risk of postoperative DVT without an increased risk of other complications. Orthopedic surgeons should consider the utilization of IV TXA in patients treated surgically for neoplastic pathologic fractures of the lower extremity.
Correlation between articular cartilage status on outcomes and survivorship following meniscal allograft transplantation: A systematic review
Authors: Gopinatth Varun , Warrier Alec A. , Jawanda Harkirat S. , Mameri Enzo S. , Khan Zeeshan A. , Allahabadi Sachin , Knapik Derrick M. , Cole Brian J. , Chahla Jorge 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeTo conduct a systematic review evaluating potential correlations between preoperative articular cartilage integrity on outcomes and survivorship in patients undergoing meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT).MethodsA literature search was performed by querying SCOPUS, PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials from database inception through May 2023 according to the 2020 PRISMA statement. Inclusion criteria were limited to studies reporting on outcomes and survivorship following MAT based on preoperative cartilage status.ResultsSixteen studies, consisting of 1723 patients (n = 1758 total menisci), were identified in six level III and 10 level IV evidence studies. There was high heterogeneity in cartilage grading scales, reporting of concomitant cartilage procedures, and indications for MAT based on osteoarthritis. Patients with lower limb malalignment were either excluded or corrected with an osteotomy. MAT failure rate was reported in nine studies, with four studies reporting a greater rate of failure in knees with higher degrees of cartilage damage. Eight studies reported on clinical outcomes based on cartilage grade, with two studies reporting significant differences in clinical outcomes based on cartilage grade. Of the five studies reporting management of full‐thickness chondral defects with cartilage surgery, three studies reported no significant difference in survivorship based on preoperative cartilage grade, while one study reported lower survivorship and one study reported unclear results. No studies found significant differences in survivorship and outcomes between medial and lateral MAT.ConclusionsConflicting results and high variability in reporting of concomitant cartilage repair and indications for MAT exist in studies evaluating the efficacy of MAT based on articular cartilage status. The degree of preoperative chondral damage did not have a strong relationship with clinical outcomes following MAT. Higher degrees of cartilage damage were associated with higher MAT failure rates, with possible improvement in survivorship when treated with an appropriate cartilage procedure.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Derotational distal femoral osteotomy corrects excessive femoral anteversion in patients with patellofemoral instability: A systematic review
Authors: Ribeiro Ricardo , Gomes Eluana , Ferreira Bárbara , Figueiredo Inês , Valente Cristina , Delgado Diego , Sánchez Mikel , Andrade Renato , Espregueira‐Mendes João 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposePatellofemoral instability (PFI) is a common condition that can be caused from multiple factors, including lower limb rotational malalignments. Determining precise criteria for performing corrective torsional osteotomy can be a daunting task due to the lack of consensus on normal and excessive values and the limited evidence‐based data in the postoperative results. The purpose was to assess the clinical, functional and imaging outcomes following derotational distal femoral osteotomy (DDFO) in patients with PFI and/or anterior knee pain (AKP) associated with lower limb rotational malalignments.MethodsSearches were conducted on PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases up to October 2023. Studies reporting outcomes after DDFO in patients with PFI and/or AKP were eligible for the systematic review. The primary outcome was imaging metrics, especially femoral anteversion. Secondary outcomes included the patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) (clinical and functional). Quantitative synthesis involved the use of weighted averages to calculate pre‐ to postoperative mean differences (MD) and compare them against the minimal clinically important difference (MCID).ResultsTen studies (309 knees) were included with a mean follow‐up of 36.1 ± 11.7 months. Imaging outcomes consistently indicated the correction of femoral anteversion (MD = −19.4 degrees, 95% confidence interval: −20.1 to −18.7) following DDFO. PROMs showed significant improvements in most studies, exceeding the MCID. Patient satisfaction with the DDFO was high (93.3%).ConclusionsThe DDFO was an effective treatment option for correcting excessive femoral anteversion in patients with PFI associated with clinically relevant functional and clinical improvement and a high satisfaction rate.Level of EvidenceLevel IV, systematic review of level II–IV studies.
Pleiotropic beneficial cardiometabolic actions of a high‐purity eicosapentaenoic acid product in high cardiovascular risk individuals
Authors: Liakos Charalampos I. , Lanaras Leonidas , Bristianou Magdalini , Papadopoulos Dimitrios P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe ideal approach to the secondary dyslipidemia goal of lowering triglycerides (TG) is not well established. The available ω‐3 fatty acid products differ from each other in composition and content. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) formulation on cardiometabolic biomarkers in high cardiovascular (CV) risk patients. The study included 226 subjects with high TG and ≥1 of the following CV risk factors: arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ultrasound‐documented atheromatosis, peripheral artery disease, previous myocardial infarction, or ischemic stroke. Participants received 2 g EPA twice daily for 3 months, along with typical nutritional counseling. Cardiometabolic hematological parameters (TG, low‐density lipoprotein [LDL], high‐density lipoprotein [HDL], non‐HDL, total cholesterol [TChol], apolipoprotein A1 [Apo A1], apolipoprotein B [Apo B], glucose, glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c], and C‐reactive protein [CRP]) were measured at baseline and at 3 months. The mean patients' age was 61.1 ± 1.4 years and the mean baseline TG was 2.97 ± 0.15 mmol/L. Apart from Apo A1, all other biomarkers significantly (p < 0.05) improved at 3 months, regardless of sex (except Apo B) and age: TG 1.75 ± 0.09 versus 2.97 ± 0.15 mmol/L, LDL 2.46 ± 0.08 versus 3.05 ± 0.13 mmol/L, HDL 1.22 ± 0.03 versus 1.11 ± 0.03 mmol/L, non‐HDL 3.29 ± 0.10 versus 4.14 ± 0.16 mmol/L, TChol 4.55 ± 0.10 versus 5.15 ± 0.13 mmol/L, Apo A1 26.8 ± 9.3 versus 22.5 ± 8.6 μmol/L, Apo B 1.25 ± 0.23 versus 1.29 ± 0.23 μmol/L, glucose 5.66 ± 0.11 versus 5.99 ± 0.17 mmol/L, HbA1c 5.83 ± 0.1 versus 5.97 ± 0.1% and CRP 1.92 ± 0.2 versus 5.26 ± 2.8 mg/L. In conclusion, adding highly purified EPA product (4 g daily) on nutritional counseling leads to a significant TG reduction. In addition, this treatment appears to have pleiotropic beneficial cardiometabolic actions.
Light‐use efficiency for coral reef communities and benthic functional types
Authors: Hochberg Eric J. , Pisapia Chiara , Carpenter Robert C. , Hall Siarah 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCoral reef metabolism is dominated by benthic photoautotrophic communities that comprise varying combinations of algae, coral, and sand. Rates of daily gross primary production (GPP) for these benthic functional types (BFTs) are remarkably consistent across biogeographical regions, supporting the idea that reefs exhibit modal metabolism. Most variability in reported rates likely arises from differences in light availability. In fact, GPP is a linear function of incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), the fraction of PAR absorbed (fAPAR) by photoautotrophic organisms or communities, and light‐use efficiency (ε), which parameterizes photosynthesizers' biochemical capacity for CO2 fixation: GPP = ε × fAPAR × PAR. On time scales of days to weeks, fAPAR and ε are far more stable than PAR. ε is a critical parameter, because it represents productive response integrated across all environmental conditions, other than light. If BFTs exhibit consistent GPP across wide geographic ranges, then their εs must also be consistent. The aim of this study was to estimate ε for algae, coral, and sand. Using data collected during NASA's CORAL mission in 2016–2017, ε was calculated for 32 mixed communities at Lizard Island, Australia (10); Kāne'ohe Bay, Hawai'i (8); Guam (6); and Palau (8). Nonnegative least squares was used to solve for ε of each BFT, producing values of 0.038, 0.060, and 0.016 C photon−1 for algae, coral, and sand, respectively. These values can be used in light‐driven models of reef metabolism. Further work is necessary to refine these estimates and, importantly, to explore how ε is affected by environmental conditions.
Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Plant Extract as a Template
Authors: Sharma Basudha , Gupta Komal , Garg Vijay 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPlant‐based nanoparticles (NPs) have found great interest among various scientist in the present era and used in various sector including medicine, agriculture, and food industry. The various chemical constituents of plants aid in the bioreduction of metal ions to a nanoscale. Among the various NPs synthesized, zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs hold a premier position. ZnO NPs have use in textile, cosmetic, diagnostics, optoelectronics, photocatalysis, diodes, and many other areas. NPs synthesized through green synthesis have a potentially greater role in treating clinical pathogens. Present investigations show a simple eco‐friendly method for the synthesis of ZnO NPs from the husk of sunflower seeds. Sunflower is an economically important crop, for the formation of edible oil. The husk is considered to be a waste, product in oil industry, however, the biomolecules present in sunflower husk can be used to produce ZnO NPs. Present investigations reveal formation of ZnO NPs and investigations of their structure through scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Their optical properties have been studied by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer (UV–Vis) and fluorophotometer. ZnO NPs have also been investigated for their potential phytoremedial properties.
Study of Scaling Exponents of the Surface Evolved in 2 + 1 Dimension through Competitive Growth between Random Deposition and that with Surface Relaxation
Authors: Kumar Das Sudeep , Banerjee Diptonil , Roy Jitendra Nath 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRough surface develops through computer simulation by competition between growth mechanism random deposition (RD) with a probability of occurrence p and growth mechanism random deposition with surface relaxation (RDSR) with a probability of occurrence 1 − p, on L × L square plane for system size L to record the statistical average of time variation of surface roughness W(L, t) and average height H(t) for the model for specific values of L and p. Other than the pure RD model, the entire evolution may be divided into three regions separated by two specific cross‐over times tx and tsat. The value of interface width at saturation Wsat depends on both L and p. The first growth exponent β1 increases exponentially with an increase in p and does not depend on L. The values of the second growth exponent β2, roughness exponent α, dynamic exponent z(  = α/β2 ), and α + z are 0.0234 ± 0.0008, 0.0506 ± 0.0065, 2.1577 ± 0.0073, and 2.2083 ± 0.0138 respectively and they show no dependence on L and p values. Value of the first cross‐over time tx increases exponentially with an increase in p and does not depend on L. Value of the second cross‐over time tsat increases with an increase in both p and L values. The average growth velocity is unity for the model and is independent of both L and p. For the model, the growth velocity is unity and the fractional porosity is zero. The scaling exponents show some deviation from the relevant universality classes and depend on competitive growth probability for this model. No finite‐size effect is present in the model.