bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Supra‐Numerary Limb Grafted Onto a Sacrococcygeal Mass in a Child With Spinal Dysraphism: Case Report, Dysmorphogenesis, and Management Review
Authors: Freitas Kaylene , Castro Leonor , Pilar Carla , Barreira Catarina , Nogueira Rosete , Gonçalves Jenny 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundExternally attached supra‐numerary body structures are a rare congenital malformation. Dysmorphogenesis remains controversial, hence many different classifications have been proposed over the years. We report a case of a supra‐numerary lower limb grafted onto a sacrococcygeal mass in a child with a myelomeningocele. Prevailing theories for its origin are revised as well as prenatal and postnatal management.CaseThe case relates to a female neonate with a third lower limb grafted to a lumbosacral mass found upon birth. Postnatal imaging revealed a lipomyelomeningocele and a supra‐numerary limb. Surgical intervention was performed on day seven of life with removal of the supra‐numerary limb and correction of the dural defect. Anatomopathologic study revealed mature and dysplastic tissues of the three germlines. The infant was discharged after 16 days to follow‐up by a multidisciplinary team. In early follow‐up, minor asymmetry in lower limb mobility, peri‐anal anesthesia, and bladder incontinence was present. Currently 8 years old, the patient has no motor or sensory dysfunction.ConclusionsThis case challenges the existing theories for conjoined twinning, as they do not fully explain the co‐occurrence of neural tube defects in sacrally fused supra‐numerary structures. Whether these malformations are entities of a single disease spectrum or the result of independent dysmorphogenesis is debated. Prenatal diagnosis with sequential investigation of morphogenesis as well as postnatal anatomopathological examination are crucial for a better understanding of complex biologic processes.
Effects of the Presence of Adjacent Tooth and Material Type on the Marginal and Internal Adaptation of Endocrowns Fabricated by the Digital Impression Technique
Authors: Falahchai Mehran , Ardekani Fatemeh Razavi , Musapoor Naghme , Hemmati Yasamin Babaee , Asli Hamid Neshandar 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeTo assess the effects of the presence of adjacent tooth and material type on the marginal and internal adaptation of endocrowns fabricated by the digital impression technique.Material and MethodsAn endodontically treated molar tooth was used for the fabrication of endocrowns in this in vitro study. Five groups of specimens (n = 17) were evaluated based on the material type and presence of adjacent tooth: three groups of monolithic zirconia (Zir), lithium disilicate (LDS), and zirconia‐reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) in the presence of adjacent teeth, and two groups of zirconia endocrowns, one in the absence of an adjacent anterior tooth (second premolar; Zir‐no ant.) and one in the absence of a posterior adjacent tooth (second molar; Zir‐no post.). Marginal and internal adaptation of endocrowns was evaluated by the silicone replica technique. Data were analyzed by ANOVA with Tukey test for pairwise comparisons and generalized estimating equation with Bonferroni correction for pairwise comparisons (α = 0.05).ResultsThe largest marginal gap was found in the ZLS, followed by the LDS and Zir groups (p < 0.05). The Zir group showed significantly higher internal adaptation than the ZLS group (p < 0.05); LDS had no significant difference with the ZLS and Zir groups (p > 0.05). The Zir group showed larger marginal and internal gaps than the Zir‐no ant. and Zir‐no post. groups (p < 0.05); the latter two groups had no significant difference (p > 0.05). All groups showed the largest gap at the pulpal and the smallest gap at the marginal and cervical areas (p < 0.05).ConclusionZirconia endocrowns showed the highest marginal and internal adaptation. Digital impression technique in absence of anterior or posterior adjacent tooth would result in higher marginal and internal adaptation of endocrowns.
Engineering Carboxyl Content in Aqueous Core‐Shell Emulsions for Efficient Inorganic Coated Separators Enhancing Lithium‐Ion Battery Safety Performance
Authors: Xia Yinghao , Cheng Dejian , Li Yujie , Qin Denglin , Luo Dong , Ye Xiangyi , Wang Chaoyang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPolypropylene separators (PP) are widely used in lithium‐ion batteries due to good electrochemical stability and low cost. However, PP separators are prone to thermal shrinkage at high temperatures, resulting in short circuit of positive and negative electrode contacts and thermal runaway. In this work, a waterborne core‐shell emulsion binder rich in carboxyl and ester groups with both strength and adhesion is designed and coated with alumina (Al2O3) as a composite coating on the PP separator. Due to the good adhesion of the emulsion binder to the Al2O3 and the PP separator, the separator has excellent dimensional stability at 120 °C, while the thickness of the separator only increases by 2.5 μm. With the help of the dissociation effect of the ester group on the lithium salt and the lithium ion conduction characteristics, the composite separator improves the ionic conductivity (0.82 mS/cm) by 25 % compared with the PP separator and the lithium ion transference number reaches 0.47. The cycling capacity of the lithium‐ion battery with the composite separator is 8.62 % higher than that of the PP separator after 100 cycles. The performance changes of acrylic acid as a functional monomer on emulsion binders and composite separators are further investigated.
Multiload Resonant Inverter With Boosting for All‐Metal Domestic Induction Heating System
Authors: Junju Ramesh , S Porpandiselvi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTInduction heating (IH) systems have gained significant attention because of their high efficiency, rapid heating, versatility, and precise control. Induction cooking (IC) is one of the primary domestic applications of IH technology. Traditional IC systems typically employ single‐frequency inverters optimized for ferromagnetic (FM) material loads. This approach presents limitations when confronted with various cookware materials including nonferromagnetic (NFM) materials. To address the growing demand for multimaterial load IC systems with enhanced performance and flexibility, a multiload resonant inverter integrated with boosting is proposed with a double full‐bridge three‐leg architecture. The proposed system features three independent legs, each operating at a different frequency to power three different material loads. Integrating this topology with boost functionality enhances performance and optimizes energy utilization. Pulse frequency modulation (PFM) and asymmetrical duty cycle (ADC) control techniques are used to control the load powers independently and simultaneously. A detailed analysis of the inverter and its design procedure is presented. A 1.5‐kW hardware prototype is designed, and the experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results.
A Novel Power Quality Management Method of MGC Based on Distributed Consensus Algorithm
Authors: Shi HongTao , Li Yuchao , Zhu Jiahao , Suo Zhongmei , Chen Tingting , Dong Xiaolin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA novel power quality management method of microgrid cluster based on distributed consensus algorithm is proposed in this paper. First of all, when power quality problems arise, converters with suitable positions and capacity can be selected for compensation by using the distributed consensus algorithm proposed in this paper, so as to realize power quality management of microgrid cluster. Further, when a converter in microgrid cluster cannot continue to participate in the task, other converters can be flexibly switched through the distributed consensus algorithm to ensure the continuity and stability of power supply and power quality management. Finally, the remaining capacity of each converter can be adjusted in real time through the distributed consensus algorithm proposed in this paper, which reduces the negative influence of the uneven capacity distribution caused by converter switching on the power quality in microgrid cluster. The results show that multiple converters of microgrid cluster can be effectively coordinated by adopting the power quality management method based on distributed consensus algorithm proposed in this paper, so that the comprehensive power quality management of microgrid cluster can be optimized.
Fish mass mortality events in northern temperate lakes are happening later in the year than in the past
Authors: Alofs Karen M. , Wehrly Kevin E. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGlobally, mass mortality events are becoming more common across ecosystems and taxa. For fishes in northern temperate lakes, climate change is predicted to increase the frequency of summerkills and decrease the frequency of winterkills. We compiled reports of fish kills in Michigan inland lakes from 1936 to 2022 derived from historical records, management reports, and an online app for the public. Using this dataset of 525 reported fish kills in eight decades, we tested for changes in timing of fish kills. We found that fish kills in the early 20th century were most likely to be reported in early spring months, as lake ice thawed, while in the later 20th and early 21st centuries, more fish kills were reported through summer. Across our dataset, the median day of year fish kills were reported shifted later by more than 50 days. Shifts in the timing of these perturbations can alter population demography, and community resilience, and may have lasting and unprecedented impacts on lake ecosystems.
Differentiated policy implementation in food safety and animal welfare policymaking
Authors: Bazzan Giulia , Vogeler Colette S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAgri‐food policies are in the midst of far‐reaching transitions, including the transformation towards sustainable production and food consumption. The European Green Deal and Farm to Fork Strategy prioritize food safety and animal welfare issues, aiming to transform food systems towards more sustainability. Despite existing EU legislation, little is known about how EU agri‐food policies are implemented across member states. Our analysis addresses this gap by examining the conditions that shape how EU requirements are implemented in 16 EU member states in two policy areas: food safety and farm animal welfare. Through our qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), we identify distinct pathways to differentiated implementation in both sectors, with a shared emphasis on political engagement, green party influence, and public advocacy, while also highlighting domain‐specific governance dynamics. Understanding variations in the implementation of EU demands among member states is crucial to identify gaps, assess governance effectiveness, and promote harmonization within the EU.
Common Shocks and Climate Risk in European Equities
Authors: Cipollini Andrea , Parla Fabio 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe examine the contribution of a shock to climate concern to the observed outperformance of a portfolio of European green stocks relative to a brown benchmark. We show, first, that an information set given by 1‐month stock return and realized volatility of each stock constituent (and their cross‐sectional averages) improves the (in‐sample) forecasting performance for the return series relative to the traditional market risk factors proxied by Fama–French portfolios. Moreover, the identification of the shock to climate concern occurs in two stages: First, we compute the historical decomposition based on a Panel SVAR fitted to the return and volatility of each green and brown portfolio constituent. Then, the contribution of the first common shock to the historical decomposition of returns is purged of macroeconomic forecast errors, and the residual is interpreted as the innovation to climate concern. The empirical evidence is robust to a number of different selections of stocks entering the green and brown portfolio.
Discovery and Verification of Soybean Sprouting Selection Based on Quality Across Various Origins and Varieties: Varietal Effects on Sprouted Soybean Quality
Authors: Li Minmin , Zhao Mengying , Shi Jinfeng , Huang Yatao , Li Long , Jin Nuo , Kong Zhiqiang , Simal‐Gandarad Jesus , Wang Fengzhong , Fan Bei , Xie Hong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTResearch on soybean nutrition is crucial for Chinese agriculture and public health, as soybean sprouting enhances its nutritional value. However, the relationships between grain quality and soybean varieties are not yet fully understood. In this study, the quality of 49 soybean cultivars from 15 different origins was evaluated through multiple correlation analysis. Differences were observed based on their geographical origin, with Shandong Chongwen showing higher calcium and isoflavone levels than the others. A correlation was found between protein content and soybean daidzein (0.561***), as well as genistein (0.597***). Additionally, sprouting was shown to improve soybean nutrition. Among six high‐nutrient soybean varieties, increased levels of protein, minerals, and isoflavones were observed during germination. Phytic acid and oligosaccharide levels decreased by 64.7% and 94.5%, respectively, while saponin increased by 106.0%, indicating changes in antinutritional factors. The experiment establishes a clear relationship between soybean nutrients and the tested variables, highlighting the impact of germination on soybean quality and nutrient content.
IIoT Implementation to Investigate the Heat Transfer Efficiency of a Concentric Corrugated Pipe Heat Exchanger
Authors: Wiriyasart Songkran , Kaewluan Sommas 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) plays a key role in industrial applications and manufacturing processes. Numerous technologies are implementing IIoT to monitor and control manufacturing processes, maintain reliability, and increase productivity. In this study, IIoT was used to demonstrate the heat transfer performance of a double‐pipe heat exchanger at the laboratory scale to provide research guidelines. Two types of inner pipes, smooth and corrugated pipes, were used in the experiment. In the experiment, the hot‐ and cold‐water mass flow rates were 9 and 10 L/m, respectively. The cold‐ and hot‐water temperatures were set at 20°C, 22°C, and 24°C and 35°C, 40°C, and 45°C, respectively. Equipment operation control and reading and recording of the experimental data were performed using PLC and IIoT platforms. The experimental results showed that heat exchange using corrugated pipes was more efficient than smooth pipes when considering the overall heat transfer coefficient, with an effectiveness of approximately 19%. However, corrugated pipes exhibited a 30% higher pressure difference compared to smooth pipes. This reveals that IIoT has been established and can be effectively applied to laboratory thermal solutions, allowing operators to read real‐time data at any time, both inside and outside the work area.
Contrasts in Ecohydrological Partitioning of Heterogeneous Urban Green Spaces in Energy‐Limited Versus Water‐Limited Hydroclimates
Authors: Stevenson Jamie Lee , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Birkel Christian , Soulsby Chris 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTUrban green spaces (UGS) provide essential ecosystem services (ES), for example, precipitation infiltration for flood mitigation, transpiration (Tr) for local atmosphere cooling and groundwater recharge (Gr) for drinking water provision. However, vegetation type impacts the ecohydrological partitioning of incoming precipitation and therefore ES provision, whilst flux rate potential is different in disparate hydroclimates. Consequently, paired studies in different hydroclimates are useful to understand similarities and differences in vegetation controlled ecohydrological partitioning to effectively guide UGS management. We simultaneously undertook sub‐daily soil moisture measurements beneath three contrasting urban vegetation types (grass, shrub, mature tree) between 01/01/2021 and 31/12/2023 for an inter‐comparison of an energy‐limited Scottish and a moisture‐limited region of Germany. These data were integrated with hydroclimatic and sapflux data in the EcoHydroPlot model to constrain estimates of ecohydrological fluxes. Soil moisture data showed clear effects of the contrasting hydroclimates, with high and low VWC values in Scotland and Germany, respectively, whilst evapotranspiration potential was ~50% greater in Germany. Consequently, ecohydrological functioning and flux rates were fundamentally different, with Tr dominant in Germany and Gr dominant in Scotland. However, vegetation cover was shown in both countries to be a key control on urban ecohydrological partitioning with grass encouraging Gr, contrasting to evergreen shrubs in Scotland and mature trees in Germany elevating Tr. In Germany, impacts to hydrological functioning due to low soil VWC were marked with the mature trees high Tr rate shutting down Gr for the majority of the study period. The German site also showed greater hydrological functioning susceptibility to inter‐annual hydroclimatic variability with all fluxes heavily suppressed during the 2022 drought. In contrast, the high VWC in Scotland provided some buffer against ongoing negative rainfall anomalies. Overall, the study indicated the importance of diverse UGS vegetation cover to encourage contrasting ecohydrological fluxes.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of parental mentalization in fathers and mothers
Authors: Trepiak Philip , Deneault Audrey‐Ann , Bureau Jean‐François 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDespite the growing literature on parental mentalization (including measures such as mind‐mindedness, parental reflective functioning, and parental insightfulness), considerably less research on parental mentalization has been conducted with fathers than with mothers, leaving important gaps in our understanding of gender differences in the construct. Specifically, it is not clear whether mothers and fathers exhibit similar levels of parental mentalization, and whether their scores are correlated. This knowledge can help inform the literature on similarities and differences between maternal and paternal behaviors, as well as the literature on their correlates. This study sought to answer these questions using a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies evaluating parental mentalization capacities in partnered mothers and fathers. Across 36 studies (32 unique samples and 87 effect sizes, N = 3,996 fathers and 4,414 mothers), mainly from Europe and North America, the results show that fathers presented lower scores than mothers (d = −.17, p < .001). There was also a significant correlation in scores between mothers and fathers of the same family (r = .15, p < .001). There were no significant moderators. Findings from this study emphasize the need for research on parental mentalization to use a family system approach.
Performance of ‘Sabiá’ Grass Irrigated with Drippers Installed in the Subsurface
Authors: Rocha Mayara Oliveira , de Miranda Amilton Gabriel Siqueira , da Silva Policarpo Aguiar , de Alencar Carlos Augusto Brasileiro , da Cunha Fernando França 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSubsurface irrigation, which provides greater water efficiency and reduces surface soil wetting, is an effective alternative for minimizing water losses through evaporation, especially under cultivation conditions that require greater resource conservation. The ‘Sabiá’ grass, an agronomically relevant forage species, may exhibit different responses when irrigated by subsurface systems. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of ‘Sabiá’ grass irrigated with drippers installed at different depths during different climatic seasons. The experiment was carried out from January to July 2022 under open‐air conditions in Viçosa, MG, Brazil, in a completely randomized design in split plots with four replicates. The plots consisted of four cycles of ‘Sabiá’ grass, and the subplots consisted of seven depths of dripper installation (superficial, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 cm). ‘Sabiá’ grass was cultivated in pots, and the recommendations for irrigation were based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc), which was measured in two drainage lysimeters. The water consumption and morphogenetic and agronomic characteristics of ‘Sabiá’ grass were evaluated. The total water consumption of ‘Sabiá’ grass in cycles 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 42.4, 26.7, 14.9, and 11.5, respectively. The growth, development and productivity of ‘Sabiá’ grass decreased from cycle 1 (summer) to cycle 4 (winter). Morphogenic characteristics were slightly affected by the different dripper installation depths. ‘Sabiá’ grass presented lower shoot fresh mass, shoot dry mass and water use productivity at the greatest dripper depths. ‘Sabiá’ grass presented greater root system development when the dripper was installed between 10 and 15 cm deep. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) proved to be a promising tool for estimating the biomass production of ‘Sabiá’ grass. In view of these results, drip tapes should be installed between depths of 10 and 20 cm for the cultivation of ‘Sabiá’ grass in clay soil.
Family of Computer‐Controlled CRT Graphic Displays
Authors: Machover Carl 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGraphic displays . . man‐machine interface… these were terms familiar to the military long before they found widespread use in industry. Pioneer work with SAGE, 412L, 465L and 473L laid the foundation for the current explosion of nonmilitary applications. Computer Controlled CRT Displays provide prime example of civilian industry benefiting from military developments.
Capacity and optimum configuration of displays for group viewing
Authors: Weiss Helmut 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDeterioration of legibility with increasing viewing distance and obliquity limits the amount of information a display screen can convey to an immobile audience. The resulting display capacity and the degree of its utilization determine the efficiency of the display, where efficiency relates audience area to screen size for the most favorable screen/audience configuration.The underlying geometric relationships, derived from legibility experiments, are presented in quantitative form and illustrated by examples. Their application enables a designer to determine optimum display configurations on the basis of geometry rather than intuition.
High resolution multi‐color storage tube
Authors: Damon Phillip P. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA color display storage tube having resolution and environmental ruggedness equal to monochromatic display storage tubes has been demonstrated.The structures utilized in this new tube design are identical to those in standard direct view storage tubes except for a special phosphor. There is no phosphor dot structure to align with the target assembly and only one writing gun is needed.The stored color is determined by the storage surface potential or halftone level to which that portion of the display has been written. The color in this color storage tube is thus seen to be a function of the grid drive, the sweep speed or, since the storage tube is an integrating device, the number of pulses or hits in a given location. The color is independent of the time at which video is applied to the tube.The direction of color shift, halftone level at which color shift begins, rate of color shift and color saturation at equilibrium brightness may be optimized by electronic adjustments external to the tube itself. This straightforward associated circuitry is easy to operate and adjust.The color tube may be fabricated with either the standard direct view storage tube or Multimode storage tube capabilities. In addition to the color‐shift display, a monochromatic halftone mode of operation in one of several colors is provided. System applications are suggested.