bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of expressed sequence tags‐derived simple sequence repeats markers from robusta coffee variety ‘CxR’ (an interspecific hybrid of Coffea canephora × Coffea congensis)
Authors: BHAT PRASANNA R. , KRISHNAKUMAR V. , HENDRE PRASAD S. , RAJENDRAKUMAR P. , VARSHNEY RAJEEV K. , AGGARWAL RAMESH K. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSSR (simple sequence repeats) markers derived from ESTs (expressed sequence tags), commonly called EST‐SSRs or genic SSRs provide useful genetic markers for crop improvement. These are easy and economical to develop as by‐products of large‐scale EST resources that have become available as part of the functional genomic studies in many plant species. Here, we describe for the first time, nine genic‐SSRs of coffee that are developed from the microsatellite containing ESTs from a cDNA library of moisture‐stressed leaves of coffee variety, ‘CxR’ (a commercial interspecific hybrid between Coffea congensis and Coffea canephora). The markers show considerable allelic diversity with PIC values up to 0.70 and 0.75 for Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora, respectively, and robust cross‐species amplification in 16 other related taxa of coffee. The validation studies thus demonstrate the potential utility of the EST‐SSRs for genetic analysis of coffee germplasm.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from Eidothea hardeniana, an early Proteaceae
Authors: ROSSETTO MAURIZIO , PORTER CAROLYN 
Published: February 2005

Abstract Eidothea hardeniana is a recently discovered rainforest species representing a basal Proteoid genus. It is known from a single location in New South Wales (Australia) with the only other member of the genus, Eidothea zoexylocarya, found in northern Queensland. We developed six microsatellite loci (five cross‐transferable) from an (AG) enriched library. The loci produced relatively high levels of diversity within 30 individuals of such a rare species. These microsatellites are now being used to provide new and useful information on the management of the species and on the processes shaping the evolution and persistence of ancient rainforest taxa.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the lance‐tailed manakin (Chiroxiphia lanceolata)
Authors: DUVAL EMILY H. , NUTT KAREN J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractEight microsatellite loci were isolated from the lance‐tailed manakin (Chiroxiphia lanceolata), a polygynous lek‐breeding bird from Central America. Five of these loci were polymorphic (two to seven alleles per locus), with observed levels of heterozygosity ranging from 0.100 to 0.860 (n = 50 individuals). These variable loci provide a valuable tool for assessing patterns of parentage and relatedness within lance‐tailed manakin social groups.
Eight polymorphic microsatellite markers for kelp bass, Paralabax clathratus, amplified in three multiplex polymerase chain reaction sets
Authors: SELKOE KIMBERLY A. , VOGEL AUGUSTUS , AFTAB BLAKE T. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractKelp bass, Paralabrax clathratus, is an important sport fishery of California, USA and Baja, Mexico. Here we describe eight microsatellite loci developed for this species. Two loci were derived from known primers for other species in the family, Serranidae and six were developed anew using a clone enrichment protocol. Loci were arranged into three multiplex PCR (polymerase chain reaction) sets for fast throughput; 564 individuals from nine populations across the species’ range were genotyped. Polymorphism ranged from four to 47 alleles and all populations at all loci displayed Hardy–Weinberg and linkage equilibrium.
Polymorphic microsatellite markers for the goosander (Mergus merganser)
Authors: GAUTSCHI B. , KOLLER B. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTo investigate the population genetic structure of the goosander (Mergus merganser) in Europe and to identify populations with a significant conservation value, we isolated nine microsatellite loci, and screened them in the subspecies Mergus merganser merganser and Mergus merganser americanus. All markers were polymorphic with two to 15 alleles per locus. Average observed and expected heterozygosity values were 0.422 and 0.624, respectively, for the European and 0.497 and 0.667, respectively, for the North American subspecies. Only one marker departed significantly from Hardy–Weinberg expectations in both subspecies. This marker was highly variable but homozygous in all females, suggesting a sex‐linked inheritance.
Isolation of polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite markers for the large‐billed scrubwren (Sericornis magnirostris)
Authors: BARDELEBEN CAROLYNE , GRAY MELISSA M. , AUSTIN JEREMY , ROSÁRIO ISABEL AMORIM DO 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe isolated 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the large‐billed scrubwren Sericornis magnirostris from genomic libraries enriched for (AAGG)n and (AACC)n repetitive elements and characterized them in 11 individuals. The number of alleles ranged from four to 15 per locus with the observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.14 to 0.91. These markers will be useful to address questions concerning population genetic structure and models of speciation.
Primers for the amplification of nuclear introns in Heliconius butterflies
Authors: KRONFORST MARCUS R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractI described the development of degenerate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers for intron‐containing regions of nine candidate wing patterning and pigmentation genes in Heliconius butterflies. Primers were developed by comparing sequence data from Drosophila melanogaster, Precis coenia, and a variety of other insects so they are likely to be applicable widely among the butterfly family Nymphalidae and perhaps Lepidoptera in general. The amplified regions are highly variable and should be useful for inferring relationships among closely related species and estimating the phylogeographical and population genetic structure of individual species.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for paternity assessment in the golden whistler (Pachycephala pectoralis: Aves)
Authors: VAN DONGEN W. F. D. , MULDER R. A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe isolated and characterized six novel microsatellite markers for paternity analysis in the golden whistler Pachycephala pectoralis, by screening an enriched genomic library using nonradioactive PCR techniques. The six loci exhibited little or no evidence of null alleles and showed high levels of polymorphism (mean HE = 0.85, mean number of alleles = 15.2), making them suitable for paternity assessment in this species (exclusion probability of six unlinked loci = 0.9997).
Evaluation of a Percutaneously Controlled Hydraulic Occluder in a Rat Model of Gradual Venous Occlusion
Authors: Sereda Colin W. , Adin Christopher A. , Ginn Pamela E. , Farese James P. 
Published: February 2005

Objective—To evaluate the efficacy of a percutaneously controlled hydraulic occluder (HO) in a rat model of gradual venous occlusion.Study Design—Experimental study.Animals—Ten male Sprague–Dawley rats.Methods—HOs and perivascular transit time ultrasound flow probes were applied to the caudal vena cava (CVC). Occluders in group I rats (n=6) were gradually attenuated over 8 weeks, whereas occluders in group II rats (n=4) were not attenuated. Vena caval blood flow measurements were performed weekly in all rats for 8 weeks. After euthanasia, the CVC was evaluated grossly and by histopathology.Results—Premature occlusion of the vena cava occurred during the 1st week in 3 rats (1 in group I, 2 in group II) because of kinking of the vena cava between the HO and the flow probe. For the remaining rats, mean blood flow in group I decreased significantly from 40.71 mL/min/kg at baseline to 4.68 mL/min/kg at 8 weeks (P=.0094, power=0.91). Group II rats maintained vena caval blood flow at all times during the study. Complete occlusion of the vena cava was confirmed at necropsy in all group I rats.Conclusions—Gradual occlusion of the CVC of rats was achieved with HOs over 8 weeks. This model is limited by the size of the experimental animals and comparatively large implants.Clinical Relevance—HOs may provide a method for gradual occlusion of congenital portosystemic shunts.
Management of Pain in Addicted/Illicit and Legal Substance Abusing Patients
Authors: Rosenblatt Aaron B. , Mekhail Nagy A. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract:  Approximately one‐third of the American population experiences chronic pain. This varies in origin and severity. It also has been documented that billions of dollars are lost yearly because of health care expenses and missed workdays for chronic pain. Addiction is a primary, chronic, neurobiological disease with genetic, psychological and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. Addictive disorders occur in 3% to 26% of the general population, 19% to 255 of hospitalized patients and 40% to 60% in patients who sustained major trauma. More specifically 13.9 million of people living in USA over the age of 12 years are currently using illicit drugs.Although patients with chronic pain may be at an increased risk for addiction, the general population has demonstrated similar addiction rates. Unfortunately, patients who have chronic pain and addition will only have one of these aspects addressed.The purpose of this article is to clarify specific definition of substance use, abuse and addiction. As well as examining the role of pain physicians in evaluating and treating the chronic pain patients who have a history of substance abuse, and lastly outline strategy for assessing patients at risks and evaluating the most practical way of dealing with their chronic pain issues.
Ethical Aspects of Sexual Medicine
Authors: Wagner Gorm , Bondil Pierre , Dabees Khalid , Dean John , Fourcroy Jean , Gingell Clive , Kingsberg Sheryl , Kothari Prakash , Rubio-Aurioles Eusebio , Ugarte Fernando , Navarrete R. Vela 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Ethics describe the ways in which moral life is understood. Morality comprises norms for human conduct, and addresses what is right and what is wrong.

Aim
To provide a consensus-based summary of the ethical aspects of sexual medicine.

Methods
Over 200 multidisciplinary specialists from 60 countries were divided into 17 consultation committees as part of a process organized by an international consultation on sexual medicine held in Paris, June 28–July 1, 2003 in close alliance with several sexual medicine organizations. Embarking on a study on ethics in sexual medicine, 10 experts from eight countries assembled over a two-year period to develop this consensus-based summary.

Main Outcome Measure
Although ethics are recognized as subjective, expert opinion was based on grading of evidence-based medical literature, in addition to cultural and ethical considerations. The process also involved extensive internal committee discussion, public presentation, and debate.

Results
Contemporary medical practitioners provide health care for patients from many different cultures from all around the world. Thus, it is recommended that all health professionals working in sexual medicine should above all be able to demonstrate respect, understanding, and tolerance toward the differing moral worldviews of their patients and colleagues, and the societies they represent. In sexual medicine, health professionals have an obligation to respect the autonomy of any individual that they treat, regardless of that individual's religious or socio-cultural tradition, race, gender, or sexual orientation. Sexual rights are a necessary condition for sexual health. Sexual health requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion, discrimination, and violence. For sexual health to be attained and maintained, the sexual rights of all persons must be respected, protected, and fulfilled.

Conclusions
Additional discussion and research on ethics in sexual medicine is needed.
Transfer of Transdermally Applied Testosterone to Clothing: A Comparison of a Testosterone Patch Versus a Testosterone Gel
Authors: Mazer Norman , Fisher Daniel , Fischer Jerome , Cosgrove Michael , Bell Damon , Eilers Barbara 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

Aim
To  assess  the  amount  of  testosterone  transferred  from  the  abdominal  application  sites  of a transdermal testosterone patch and a transdermal testosterone gel to cotton T-shirts worn for 24 hours during each treatment.

Methods
During a crossover study comparing the pharmacokinetics of a testosterone patch versus a testosterone gel in 28 hypogonadal men, subjects wore fresh cotton T-shirts for 24 hours on the seventh and fourteenth days of each treatment and during a 24-hour baseline period. At the end of each evaluation, the abdominal section of the shirt was carefully cut out, extracted in alcohol, and analyzed for testosterone by a direct radioimmunoassay. The minimum quantifiable amount of testosterone was 0.03 µg per T-shirt sample.

Results
The median amounts of extracted testosterone were 0.44 µg for the baseline samples, 25.4 µg for the average of the two patch samples, and 6,762.7 µg for the average of the two gel samples (all comparisons P &lt; 0.0001). Significant correlations were observed between the day 7 and day 14 data for both the patch (R = 0.4982; P &lt; 0.01) and the gel (R = 0.8383; P &lt; 0.0001). No significant correlations were found between the baseline, patch, or gel data, or between these and any demographic or pharmacokinetic parameters. A quantitative interpretation of the findings suggests that the baseline results are consistent with the transfer of testosterone in sweat; the patch results are probably due to the transfer of a small amount of residual testosterone left on the abdominal skin from the prior day's patches; and the gel results reflect the desquamation of stratum corneum containing a portion of the abdominally applied testosterone.

Conclusions
There are large differences in the amount of testosterone that can be transferred from the application sites of transdermal patches and gels. The latter should be covered with clothing to minimize transfer through intimate skin-to-skin contact.
Prostatic Specific Antigen in Patients with Hypogonadism: Effect of Testosterone Replacement
Authors: El-Sakka Ahmed I. , Hassoba Howayda M. , Elbakry Adel M. , Hassan Hassan A. 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The effect of parenteral testosterone replacement therapy on prostatic specific antigen (PSA) level or the development or growth of prostate cancer is unclear.

Aim
To assess the effect of testosterone replacement on PSA level in patients with hypogonadism associated with erectile dysfunction (ED).

Methods
A total of 187 male patients above the age of 45 with hypogonadism associated with ED were enrolled in this study. Patients were screened for ED by the erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Patients underwent routine laboratory investigations, plus total testosterone, and PSA assessment. Replacement treatment with parenteral testosterone every 2–4 weeks for 1 year was instituted. Total testosterone and PSA serum levels were assessed every 3 months during the treatment course.

Results
Mean age ± SD was 62.8 ± 11.4. Of the patients 87.7% were sexually active. Of the patients 10.2% had mild, 40.6% had moderate and 49.2% had severe ED. Of the study population, 62.5% had ED complaints for less than 5 years and 84.5% had gradual onset of their complaint. The majority of the patients (91.4%) had either progressive or stationary course while the minority reported regressive course and improvement of the condition. There was a significant increase of the post-treatment testosterone level in comparison to pretreatment level (P &lt; 0.05). No significant increase in the post-treatment PSA level in comparison to pretreatment (P &gt; 0.05). No significant difference between pre- and post-treatment categories of PSA level (normal, borderline, high) in relation to the severity of ED (P &gt; 0.05). There was no significant association between PSA level and the duration of testosterone replacement therapy in the study population (P &gt; 0.05).

Conclusion
The current study demonstrated that the level of PSA was not significantly changed after 1 year of testosterone replacement therapy in patients with hypogonadism associated with ED.
Erectile Dysfunction Following Surgical Correction of Peyronie's Disease and a Pilot Study of the Use of Sildenafil Citrate Rehabilitation for Postoperative Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Levine Laurence A. , Greenfield Jason M. , Estrada Carlos R. 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Peyronie's disease (PD) is correctable by several surgical approaches including plaque incision with grafting. While the best choice of graft material remains controversial, the risk of postoperative erectile dysfunction (ED) is apparent across previous reports.

Aim
We attempt to provide guidelines as to which patients may be at increased risk for developing postoperative ED after this procedure, as well as examine the role of sildenafil citrate (SC) in the postoperative period for prevention of this complication.

Materials and Methods
A retrospective review was performed on 37 patients who underwent surgical correction of PD with pericardial grafting after plaque incision. Mean follow-up was 24 months. We evaluated patient age, duration of disease, defect size, plaque location, degree of curvature, shaft narrowing, preoperative coital activity, vascular risk factors for ED, as well as preoperative erection grade and duplex ultrasound parameters. Twenty-six of these patients underwent a postoperative rehabilitation protocol of SC to enhance recovery of unassisted erections.

Results
Overall, 11 patients (29%) noted diminished postoperative rigidity, that compromised unassisted coitus, compared to preoperative status. Comparison of rates of ED among those with or without vascular risk factors yielded no statistically significant results. Peyronie's disease duration, patient age, defect size, plaque location, degree of curvature, and narrowing were also insignificant predictors of which patients developed ED. An increased percentage of patients who developed ED were not sexually active preoperatively compared to those that did not develop ED (58% vs. 80%). When patients were compared based on preoperative erection grade, those patients with compromised erectile function were more likely to develop postoperative ED vs. those with full erections (P &lt; 0.05). No significant differences were found in preoperative duplex ultrasound parameters between both sets of patients. For those undergoing SC rehabilitation, 7 out of 26 (26%) developed ED in comparison to 4 out of 11 patients (36%) developing diminished rigidity when not subjected to the protocol.

Conclusions
No single parameter was found that predicted the occurrence of postoperative ED with the exception of preoperative erectile status. The surgeon must carefully assess and consult each patient when considering grafting as well as consider the possible role of SC in attempting to prevent this complication.
Serum Antioxidant Enzymes and Malondialdehyde Levels in Patients with Premature Ejaculation Before and After Pharmacotherapy
Authors: Atmaca Murad , Karadag Figen , Tezcan Ertan 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

Background
In our previous study, significantly higher antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in patients with premature ejaculation (PE) compared to healthy controls were found. In the present study, we planned to evaluate antioxidant enzymes and MDA levels of patients with PE before and after citalopram treatment.

Methods
The study comprised 30 patients with PE according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Version (DSM-IV) and 30 healthy controls. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups. Fifteen of them (group I) received 8 weeks of citalopram treatment but the remaining (group II) did not. The subjects were asked to determine the average intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IVELT). The fasting antioxidant enzymes and MDA levels were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.

Results
No statistically significant difference in the mean IVELT between groups at baseline was found. IVELT considerably elevated after 8 weeks of citalopram treatment in group I with a mean of 209 ± 72.1 seconds but not in group II. Antioxidant enzymes and MDA levels did not differ between groups at baseline. At the evaluation of week 8, SOD, GSH-Px, and MDA levels significantly reduced during treatment in group I patients.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the results suggest that the ability for antioxidant enzymes and MDA to normalize through symptom alleviation reveals that they might be trait marker of PE. Further placebo-controlled studies are needed.
Loca Loquuntur. Lucretius' Explanation of the Echo and Other Acoustic Phenomena in DRN 4.563-614
Authors: Koenen Mieke 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA discussion of the second part of Lucretius' account of hearing in DRN 4 (lines 563-614), an exposition on the echo and other acoustic phenomena, e.g. the dispersion of sounds and the fact that sounds pass where eyes cannot see. On the one hand the present article deals with the interpretational difficulties involved as well as the intellectual (Epicurean and non-Epicurean) background of Lucretius' explanations. On the other hand it pays attention to hitherto unnoticed etymologies, puns and other poetic devices. It is a continuation of Koenen 1999 on DRN 4.524-62.
Fruitful Death: Mircea Eliade and Ernst Jünger on Human Sacrifice, 1937–1945
Authors: Grottanelli Cristiano 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMircea Eliade, the writer and historian of religions, and Ernst Jünger, the hero of the Great War, novelist, and essayist, met in the 1950s and co-edited twelve issues of the periodical Antaios. Before they met and cooperated, however, and while the German writer knew about Eliade from their common friend, Carl Schmitt, they both dealt with the subject of human sacrifice. Eliade began to do so in the thirties, and his interest in that theme was at least in part an aspect of his political activism on behalf of the Legion of the Archangel Michael, or the Iron Guard, the nationalistic and anti-Semitic movement lead by Corneliu Codreanu. Sacrificial ideology was a central aspect of the Legion's political theories, as well as of the practice of its members. After the Iron Guard was outlawed by its allies, and many of its members had been killed, and while the Romanian regime of Marshal Ion Antonescu was still fighting alongside the National Socialist regime in the Second World War, Eliade turned to other aspects of sacrificial ideology. In 1939 he wrote the play Iphigenia, celebrating Agamemnon's daughter as a willing victim whose death made the Greek conquest of Troy possible; and as a member of the regime's diplomatic service in Lisbon he published a book in Portuguese on Romanian virtues (1943), in which he presented what he called Two Myths of Romanian Spirituality, extolling his nation's readiness to die through the description of the sacrificial traditions of Master Manole and of the Ewe Lamb (Mioritza). Jünger's attitude to sacrifice ran along lines that were less traditional: possibly already while serving as a Wehrmacht officer, in his pamphlet Der Friede, the German writer attributed sacrificial status to all the victims of the Second World War, soldiers, workmen, and unknowing innocents, and saw their death as the ransom of a peace "without victory or defeat." In this article, the sacrificial ideologies of the two intellectuals are compared in order to reflect upon the complex interplay between traditional religious themes, more or less freely re-interpreted and transformed, political power, and violent conflict, in an age of warfare marked by fascisms and by the terrible massacre some refer to by the name of an ancient Greek sacrificial practice.