bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacterales Isolated from 2019 to 2020 in a Tertiary Hospital in Dakar-Senegal
Authors: Thiam Farma , Diop Abdou , Ndiaye Babacar , Bèye Ndeye Maguette , Ndiaye Issa , Sow Ousmane , Ndiaye Magatte , Diallo Thierno Abdoulaye , Seck Abdoulaye 
Published: November 2023

Background: Multi-resistant bacteria have emerged as a global threat to human health. In Africa, there are few data on AMR. The objective of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance profile of enterobacteria strains and prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated in a university hospital in the suburbs of Dakar.
Methods: Enterobacterales were isolated from a wide range of clinical specimens (urine, pus, blood, catheter tip and bronchoalveolar fluid) from inpatients and outpatients at Medical Biology Laboratory of National University Hospital Center of Pikine from November 2019 to October 2020. Enterobacterales were identified using API 20E. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed with ATB G-EU (08) (bio Mérieuxs®) on all enterobacterales in accordance with CA-SFM/EUCAST 2020 guidelines.
Results: Of the 3422 different clinical specimens tested, 623 (17.1%) were culture positive. Enterobacteriaceae accounted for 57.6% (n=359) of the strains; Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were predominant isolates with 53.5% and 20.6% respectively. Seventy-four(%) strains of enterobacterales were ESBL. Antibiotic resistance patterns showed a prevalence of multidrug resistant strains of 32.6%. The most active antibiotics on isolates were imipenem (25%), followed by amikacin (15%), fosfomycin (12%) and piperacillin-tazobactam (10%).
Conclusion: High rates of ESBL and multidrug-resistant strains were found in both outpatients and inpatients. These results indicate need for an active surveillance system for antimicrobial resistance. Also, the application of good hospital hygiene practices and antibiotic therapy adapted to local data must be adopted.
Will Generative Artificial Intelligence Deliver on Its Promise in Health Care?
Authors: Wachter Robert M. , Brynjolfsson Erik 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceSince the introduction of ChatGPT in late 2022, generative artificial intelligence (genAI) has elicited enormous enthusiasm and serious concerns.ObservationsHistory has shown that general purpose technologies often fail to deliver their promised benefits for many years (“the productivity paradox of information technology”). Health care has several attributes that make the successful deployment of new technologies even more difficult than in other industries; these have challenged prior efforts to implement AI and electronic health records. However, genAI has unique properties that may shorten the usual lag between implementation and productivity and/or quality gains in health care. Moreover, the health care ecosystem has evolved to make it more receptive to genAI, and many health care organizations are poised to implement the complementary innovations in culture, leadership, workforce, and workflow often needed for digital innovations to flourish.Conclusions and RelevanceThe ability of genAI to rapidly improve and the capacity of organizations to implement complementary innovations that allow IT tools to reach their potential are more advanced than in the past; thus, genAI is capable of delivering meaningful improvements in health care more rapidly than was the case with previous technologies.
Dual‐Functional Artificial Peroxidases with Ferriporphyrin Centers for Amplifying Tumor Immunotherapies via Immunogenic Cell Death
Authors: Wang Xingheng , Li Qian , Zhao Zhenyang , Yu Lanlan , Wang Sichun , Pu Hong , Adeli Mohsen , Qiu Li , Gu Peng , Li Ling , Cheng Chong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractConstructing highly effective sonosensitizers that integrate tumor microenvironment (TME)‐adaptive and ultrasound (US)‐controllable production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to amplify tumor immunotherapies is extremely desirable but remains challenging. Here, inspired by the coordination structure and biocatalytic effects of Fe‐based peroxidase, a dual‐functional artificial peroxidase is synthesized with ferriporphyrin networks (FePorNW‐DAP) to serve a TME‐adaptive and US‐controllable ROS‐generator for amplifying tumor immunotherapies in breast cancer via immunogenic cell death. Owing to the structural advantages of the ferriporphyrin‐based large d–π‐conjugated networks with the monatomic Fe─N4 coordination center, moderate interaction with H2O2, and decreased bandgap, the FePorNW‐DAP displays efficient dual‐functional ROS production capabilities to combat tumor cells and amplify the tumor immunotherapies, 1) utilize locally produced H2O2 in the TME to catalytically generate potent •OH and other ROS species; simultaneously, 2) external US irradiation can further boost the generation of •OH and 1O2. This work provides not only critical evidence that the proposed dual‐functional artificial peroxidases can induce a strong antitumor immune response and immune memory but also offers essential guidance for creating a high‐performance and biocompatible strategy to regulate the immunosuppression TME and enhance the antitumor immune responses of breast cancer.
Perspective on Tailored Nanostructure‐Dominated SPP Effects for SERS
Authors: Hu Haifeng , Tian Yi , Chen Peipei , Chu Weiguo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLocalized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) excited by an incident light can normally produce strong surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) at the nanogaps among plasmonic nano‐objects (so‐called hot spots), which is extensively explored. In contrast, surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) that can be generated by an incident beam via particular structures with a conservation of wave vectors can excite SERS effects as well. SPPs actually play an indispensable role in high‐performance SERS devices but receive much less attention. In this perspective, SPPs and their couplings with LSPR for SERS excitations with differing effectiveness through particular plasmonic/dielectric structures/configurations, along with relevant fabrication approaches, are profoundly reviewed and commented on from a unique perspective from in situ to ex situ excitations of SERS enabled by spatiotemporally separated multiple processes of SPPs. Quantitative design of particular configurations/architectures enabling highly efficient and effective multiple processes of SPPs is particularly emphasized as one giant leap toward ultimate full quantitative design of intrinsically high‐performance SERS chips and very critical for their batch manufacturability and applications as well. The viewpoints and prospects about innovative SERS devices based on tailored structure‐dominated SPPs effects and their coupling with LSPR are presented and discussed.
Understanding the Heterointerfaces in Perovskite Solar Cells via Hole Selective Layer Surface Functionalization
Authors: Nath Bidisha , Behera Sushant K , Kumar Jeykishan , Hemmerle Arnaud , Fontaine Philippe , Ramamurthy Praveen C , Mahapatra Debiprosad Roy , Hegde Gopalkrishna 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInterfaces in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) play a pivotal role in determining device performance by influencing charge transport and recombination. Understanding the physical processes at these interfaces is essential for achieving high‐power conversion efficiency in PSCs. Particularly, the interfaces involving oxide‐based transport layers are susceptible to defects like dangling bonds, excess oxygen, or oxygen deficiency. To address this issue, the surface of NiOx is passivated using octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA), resulting in improved charge transport across the perovskite hole transport layer (HTL) interface. This surface treatment has led to the development of hysteresis‐free devices with an impressive ≈13% increase in power conversion efficiency. Computational studies have explored the halide perovskite architecture of ODPA‐treated HTL/Perovskite, aiming to unlock superior photovoltaic performance. The ODPA surface functionalization has demonstrated enhanced device performance, characterized by superior charge exchange capacity. Moreover, higher band‐to‐band recombination in photoluminescence and electroluminescence indicates presence of lower mid‐gap energy states, thereby increasing the effective photogenerated carrier density. These findings are expected to promote the utilization of various phosphonic acid‐based self‐assembly monolayers for surface passivation of oxide‐based transport layers in perovskite solar cells. Ultimately, this research contributes to the realization of efficient halide PSCs by harnessing the favorable architecture of NiOx interfaces.
NiOx Nanoparticles Hole‐Transporting Layer Regulated by Ionic Radius‐Controlled Doping and Reductive Agent for Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency of 19.18%
Authors: Zhang Guangcong , Chen Qiaomei , Zhang Zhou , Gao Zihao , Xiao Chengyi , Wei Yen , Li Weiwei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNickel oxide (NiOx) has garnered considerable attention as a prospective hole‐transporting layer (HTL) in organic solar cells (OSCs), offering a potential solution to the stability challenges posed by traditional HTL, PEDOT:PSS, arising from acidity and hygroscopicity. Nevertheless, the lower work function (WF) of NiOx relative to donor polymers reduces charge injection efficiency in OSCs. Herein, NiOx nanoparticles are tailored through rare earth doping to optimize WF and the impact of ionic radius on their electronic properties is explored. Lanthanum (La3+) and yttrium (Y3+) ions, with larger ionic radii, are effectively doped at 1 and 3%, respectively, while scandium (Sc3+), with a smaller ion radius, allows enhanced 5% doping. Higher doping ratios significantly enhance WF of NiOx. A 5% Sc3+ doping raises WF to 4.99 eV from 4.77 eV for neat NiOx while maintaining high conductivity. Consequently, using 5% Sc‐doped NiOx as HTL improves the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs to 17.13%, surpassing the 15.64% with the neat NiOx. Further enhancement to 18.42% is achieved by introducing the reductant catechol, outperforming the PEDOT:PSS‐based devices. Additionally, when employed in a ternary blend system (D18:N3:F‐BTA3), an impressive PCE of 19.18 % is realized, top‐performing among reported OSCs utilizing solution‐processed inorganic nanoparticles.
Pd(II)‐Catalyzed C−H Silylation of o‐Alkynylanilines Initiated by an Aminopalladation To Access Disilylated 2‐Phenyl‐1H‐indoles
Authors: Chen Yan , Zhu Ling , Tan Xuliang , Chen Xiahong , Deng Guobo , Liang Yun , Yang Yuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHerein a Pd(II)‐catalyzed C−H silylation of o‐alkynylanilines with hexamethyldisilane for the synthesis of disilylated 2‐phenyl‐1H‐indoles is reported. In this reaction, o‐alkynylanilines undergo an aminopalladation, C−H activation, and dealkylation sequence to form five‐membered C,C‐palladacycles, which then couple with hexamethyldisilane to construct one C−N bond and two C−Si bonds. This method provides an alternative strategy for C−H silylation.
In Situ Probing of CO2 Reduction on Cu‐Phthalocyanine‐Derived CuxO Complex
Authors: Jeong Yongchan , Kim Yongman , Kim Young Jae , Park Jeong Young 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn in situ measurement of a CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) in Cu‐phthalocyanine (CuPC) molecules adsorbed on an Au(111) surface is performed using electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy. One intriguing phenomenon monitored in situ during CO2RR is that a well‐ordered CuPC adlayer is formed into an unsuspected nanocluster via molecular restructuring. At an electrode potential of −0.7 V versus Ag/AgCl, the Au surface is covered mainly with the clusters, showing restructuring‐induced CO2RR catalytic activity. Using a measurement of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it is revealed that the nanocluster represents a Cu complex with its formation mechanism. This work provides an in situ observation of the restructuring of the electrocatalyst to understand the surface‐reactive correlations and suggests the CO2RR catalyst works at a relatively low potential using the CuPC‐derived Cu nanoclusters as active species.
Hydro‐Sensitive, In Situ Ultrafast Physical Self‐Gelatinizing, and Red Blood Cells Strengthened Hemostatic Adhesive Powder with Antibiosis and Immunoregulation for Wound Repair
Authors: Shang Lingling , Yan Yonggan , Li Zhao , Liu Hong , Ge Shaohua , Ma Baojin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractImmediate and effective hemostatic treatments for complex bleeding wounds are an urgent clinical demand. Hemostatic materials with characteristics of adhesion, sealing, anti‐infection, and concrescence promotion have drawn growing concerns. However, pure natural multifunctional hemostatic materials with in situ ultrafast self‐gelation are rarely reported. In this study, a hydro‐sensitive collagen/tannic acid (ColTA) natural hemostatic powder is developed that can in situ self‐gel to form adhesive by the non‐covalent crosslinking between tannic acid (TA) and collagen (Col) in liquids. The physical interactions endow ColTA adhesive with the characteristics of instantaneous formation and high adhesion at various substrate surfaces. Crucially, ColTA powder adhesive shows an enhanced adhesion performance in the presence of blood due to the electrostatic interactions between ColTA adhesive and red blood cells, conducive to effective in situ sealing and rapid hemostasis. The biocompatible and hemocompatible ColTA adhesive can effectively control bleeding and seal the wounds of the caudal vein, liver, heart, and femoral arteries in rats. Furthermore, the low‐cost and ready‐to‐use ColTA adhesive powder also possesses good antibacterial and inhibiting biofilm formation ability, and can efficiently regulate immune response by the NF‐κB pathway to promote wound repair, making it a highly promising hemostatic material with great potential for biomedical applications.
Changes in anthropometry in full‐term breastfed newborns and associated factors for the first month
Authors: Aydın Beril , Yalçin Siddika Songül 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aim to assess the changes and associated factors in newborn anthropometry in the first month for full‐term, healthy, and exclusive‐breastfed infants.MethodsNeonatal anthropometric measurements were taken on day 5, day 15, and day 30 after delivery. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) analyzed the changes.ResultsFrom 169 mother–newborn pairs, GEE showed that weight gain during the first month was influenced by maternal body mass index (BMI), delivery type, birth weight, and jaundice after adjusting confounding factors (p < .05). The neonatal length was affected by the smoking status of parents, gestational maternal health problems, maternal height, birth weight, and jaundice (p < .05). Neonatal head circumference was influenced by the smoking status of parents, gestational maternal health problems, maternal BMI, delivery type, maternal height, and birth weight.ConclusionAdverse perinatal factors including mother's smoke exposure, maternal obesity and diabetes, cesarean birth, and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia influence anthropometry in the first months of life.
Catalytic Atroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Azomethine Imines and Neuroprotective Activity Evaluation
Authors: Yang Qian‐Qian , Chen Chen , Yao Dahong , Liu Wei , Liu Bo , Zhou Jin , Pan Dabo , Peng Cheng , Zhan Gu , Han Bo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAzomethine imines, as a prominent class of 1,3‐dipolar species, hold great significance and potential in organic and medicinal chemistry. However, the reported synthesis of centrally chiral azomethine imines relies on kinetic resolution, and the construction of axially chiral azomethine imines remains unexplored. Herein, we present the synthesis of axially chiral azomethine imines through copper‐ or chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed ring‐closure reactions of N′‐(2‐alkynylbenzylidene)hydrazides, showcasing high efficiency, mild conditions, broad substrate scope, and excellent enantioselectivity. Furthermore, the biological evaluation revealed that the synthesized axially chiral azomethine imines effectively protect dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons by inhibiting apoptosis induced by oxaliplatin, offering a promising therapeutic approach for chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Remarkably, the (S)‐ and (R)‐atropisomers displayed distinct neuroprotective activities, underscoring the significance of axial stereochemistry.
New azaaurone derivatives as potential multitarget agents in HIV‐TB coinfection
Authors: Leite Debora I. , Campaniço Andre , Costa Pedro A. G. , Correa Isadora A. , da Costa Luciana J. , Bastos Monica M. , Moreira Rui , Lopes Francisca , Jordaan Audrey , Warner Digby F. , Boechat Nubia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the leading cause of death among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. No dual‐target drug is currently being used to simultaneously treat both infections. This work aimed to obtain new multitarget HIV‐TB agents, with the goal of optimizing treatments and preventing this coinfection. These compounds incorporate the structural features of azaaurones as anti‐Mtb and zidovudine (AZT) as the antiretroviral moiety. The azaaurone scaffold displayed submicromolar activities against Mtb, and AZT is a potent antiretroviral drug. Six derivatives were synthetically generated, and five were evaluated against both infective agents. Evaluations of anti‐HIV activity were carried out in HIV‐1‐infected MT‐4 cells and on endogenous HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase (RT) activity. The H37Rv strain was used for anti‐Mtb assessments. Most compounds displayed potent antitubercular and moderate anti‐HIV activity. (E)‐12 exhibited a promising multitarget profile with an MIC90 of 2.82 µM and an IC50 of 1.98 µM in HIV‐1‐infected T lymphocyte cells, with an 84% inhibition of RT activity. Therefore, (E)‐12 could be the first promising compound from a family of multitarget agents used to treat HIV‐TB coinfection. In addition, the compound could offer a prototype for the development of new strategies in scientific research to treat this global health issue.
Identification of age‐specific biomarkers of spinal cord injury: A bioinformatics analysis of young and aged mice models
Authors: Miao Wei , Su Zheng , Cheng Huilin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating event that often results in long‐term physical damage, disability, and a significant impact on a patient's quality of life. Past research has noted an age‐dependent decline in regeneration post‐SCI. This study seeks to identify potential biomarkers and enriched pathways in young and aged SCI mouse models.MethodsWe retrieved the microarray data of spinal cord samples from SCI mice and control mice from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the R software and the Linear Models for Microarray Data (limma) package. The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) determined enrichment differences among gene sets. The Weighted Gene Co‐expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) pinpointed clinically significant modules and hub genes in SCI. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was employed to uncover significantly related pathways of crucial genes in SCI.ResultsWe found 2560 DEGs in the young SCI group, comprised of 1733 upregulated RNAs and 827 downregulated RNAs. In the aged SCI group, 3048 DEGs were revealed including 1856 upregulated and 1192 downregulated genes. The GSEA revealed 12 enriched signaling pathways in the young SCI group, such as IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling, interferon alpha response, and interferon gamma response, and 21 signaling pathways in the aged SCI group such as IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling, E2F targets, and angiogenesis‐related pathways. The WGCNA identified the turquoise module as significantly associated with the clinical traits of both young and aged SCI, and revealed 3181 hub genes. Ultimately, 1858 significant genes in SCI were found, with associated signaling pathways including epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), interferon gamma response, and KARS signaling.ConclusionOur study explored the RNA expression patterns and enriched signaling pathways in young and aged SCI mice. These findings may provide potential biomarkers for targeted SCI therapy.
Virtual external stimulation promotes the transformation of the brain state from early mild cognitive impairment to health
Authors: Wang Weiping , Wang Weiwei , Zhao Haiyan , Wang Zhen , Luo Xiong , Ouyang Jipeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNeurostimulation has emerged as a potential remedy for early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI). However, further exploration is needed on how external stimulation of brain regions promotes the transition of the brain state from EMCI to health and the selection of target locations. In this study, a functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset was used to evaluate the brain states of healthy individuals and patients with EMCI to explore the probabilistic metastable substate space, identifying abnormal manifestations of EMCI. Stimulation targets were then identified and stimulated to achieve complete controllability of the effective connection network for EMCI. A whole‐brain model successfully fitted the brain state of the patients with EMCI based on diffusion tensor imaging data. Based on this whole‐brain model, stimulation of the hippocampus, medial frontal gyrus, suboccipital gyrus, and fusiform gyrus can promote the transformation of the brain state from EMCI to health. The findings reveal the underlying brain mechanisms of cognitive decline in patients with EMCI and the stimulation targets of the neural mechanisms of EMCI restoration, which could help in designing more effective therapeutic interventions for EMCI.
Ultrasmall Cu Nanoparticles Supported on Crystalline, Mesoporous ZnO for Selective CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Hu Mingzhen , Lu Xingxu , Zhu Chunxiang , Yang Tiangang , Tan Haiyan , Jin Lei , Kerns Peter , Meng Michael , Suib Steven L. , Gao Puxian , He Jie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractConverting CO2 to value‐added chemicals, e. g., CH3OH, is highly desirable in terms of the carbon cycling while reducing CO2 emission from fossil fuel combustion. Cu‐based nanocatalysts are among the most efficient for selective CO2‐to‐CH3OH transformation; this conversion, however, suffers from low reactivity especially in the thermodynamically favored low temperature range. We herein report ultrasmall copper (Cu) nanocatalysts supported on crystalline, mesoporous zinc oxide nanoplate (Cu@mZnO) with notable activity and selectivity of CO2‐to‐CH3OH in the low temperature range of 200–250 °C. Cu@mZnO nanoplates are prepared based on the crystal‐crystal transition of mixed Cu and Zn basic carbonates to mesoporous metal oxides and subsequent hydrogen reduction. Under the nanoconfinement of mesopores in crystalline ZnO frameworks, ultrasmall Cu nanoparticles with an average diameter of 2.5 nm are produced. Cu@mZnO catalysts have a peak CH3OH formation rate of 1.13 mol h−1 per 1 kg under ambient pressure at 246 °C, about 25 °C lower as compared to that of the benchmark catalyst of Cu−Zn−Al oxides. Our new synthetic strategy sheds some valuable insights into the design of porous catalysts for the important conversion of CO2‐to‐CH3OH.