bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of action of photobiomodulation with light‐emitting diode on the glutamine‐dependent CT26 cell
Authors: Hu Shaojuan , Liu Timon Cheng‐Yi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe investigated the mechanism of action of photobiomodulation (PBM) with light‐emitting diode (led) 640 nm of glutamine‐dependent CT26 cells. Cells were exposed to 0.147–10.979 mW/cm2 of 640 ± 15 nm laser light for 15 min/day for 10 days. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by MTT (3‐(4,5)‐dimethylthiahiazo (‐z‐y1)‐3,5‐diphenytetrazoliumromide) and annexin V‐FITC assays. mRNA and protein levels of cell proliferation‐related genes were measured by RT‐PCR and western blotting, respectively. With Gln 7.94 mM, on Day 8 and 10, genes GLUT1, MEK1, ERK2, BCL2, E2F1, HO‐1, Ctnnb1, and Per2 was significantly upregulated (p < 0.01) of glutamine addiction. In PBM therapy, compared with the non‐illuminated group, 2.17 mW/cm2 can significantly reduce cell apoptosis, the mRNA level of gene mTOR1 was significantly upregulated, and the protein level of raptor of GLUT1 and mTOR1, MEK1/2, and ERK1/2 were upregulated. LED 640 nm inhibits cell apoptosis without increasing cell proliferation by regulating GLUT1, MEK/ERK, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signals.
Zucker Diabetic‐Sprague Dawley Rats Have Impaired Peri‐Implant Bone Formation, Matrix Composition, and Implant Fixation Strength
Authors: Anderson Kyle D , Beckmann Christian , Heermant Saskia , Ko Frank C , Dulion Bryan , Tarhoni Imad , Borgia Jeffrey A , Virdi Amarjit S , Wimmer Markus A , Sumner D Rick , Ross Ryan D 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTAn increasing number of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) will require total joint replacement (TJR) in the next decade. T2DM patients are at increased risk for TJR failure, but the mechanisms are not well understood. The current study used the Zucker Diabetic‐Sprague Dawley (ZDSD) rat model of T2DM with Sprague Dawley (SPD) controls to investigate the effects of intramedullary implant placement on osseointegration, peri‐implant bone structure and matrix composition, and fixation strength at 2 and 10 weeks post‐implant placement. Postoperative inflammation was assessed with circulating MCP‐1 and IL‐10 2 days post‐implant placement. In addition to comparing the two groups, stepwise linear regression modeling was performed to determine the relative contribution of glucose, cytokines, bone formation, bone structure, and bone matrix composition on osseointegration and implant fixation strength. ZDSD rats had decreased peri‐implant bone formation and reduced trabecular bone volume per total volume compared with SPD controls. The osseointegrated bone matrix of ZDSD rats had decreased mineral‐to‐matrix and increased crystallinity compared with SPD controls. Osseointegrated bone volume per total volume was not different between the groups, whereas implant fixation was significantly decreased in ZDSD at 2 weeks but not at 10 weeks. A combination of trabecular mineral apposition rate and postoperative MCP‐1 levels explained 55.6% of the variance in osseointegration, whereas cortical thickness, osseointegration mineral apposition rate, and matrix compositional parameters explained 69.2% of the variance in implant fixation strength. The results support the growing recognition that both peri‐implant structure and matrix composition affect implant fixation and suggest that postoperative inflammation may contribute to poor outcomes after TJR surgeries in T2DM patients. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Offspring's Risk for Bone Fracture in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Kääntä Emil , Parviainen Roope , Tikanmäki Marjaana , Alenius Suvi , Sinikumpu Juha-Jaakko , Kajantie Eero 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Conditions during gestation, such as maternal smoking, may affect offspring's bone structure. This could increase the offspring's risk of bone fractures during childhood. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between prenatal exposure to maternal smoking and childhood bone fracture risk. We used a register-based birth cohort that included all children born in Finland between January 1987 and September 1990. After exclusions, the final study population consisted of 220,699 persons. Using a unique national identification number, we linked the cohort data to the fracture diagnosis in specialty care and covariate data using the Medical Birth Register (MBR), Statistics Finland and Care Register for Health Care (CRHC). The fractures were analyzed in three groups: all fractures, non-high-energy fractures, and high-energy fractures. The analyses were adjusted for sex, parity, child's year of birth, mother's age at childbirth, mother's and father's educational level, and mother's fracture status. We tested the association in three age groups: &lt;1 year, 1–&lt;5 years, and 5–&lt;15 years using Cox and (recurrent fractures) Poisson regression. A total of 18,857 (8.5%) persons had at least one bone fracture diagnosis before the age of 15 years. In the age group 5–&lt;15 years, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with higher fracture risk in all of the studied fracture groups: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.12 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–1.17) in all fractures, 1.13 (95% CI 1.07–1.19) in non-high-energy, and 1.15 (95% CI 1.00–1.32) in high-energy fractures. There were no significant associations in other age groups in any of the fracture groups. No statistically significant association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring's risk of recurrent fractures was found. In conclusion, 5- to 15-year-olds whose mothers have smoked during pregnancy have an increased risk of bone fractures treated in specialty care. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
The challenges in the interpretation of genetic variants detected by genomics techniques in patients with congenital anomalies
Authors: Vaseghi Hajar , Akrami Seyed Mohammad , Rashidi‐Nezhad Ali 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the efforts that have been made to standardize the interpretation of variants, in some cases, their pathogenicity remains vague and confusing, and sometimes their interpretation does not help clinicians to establish clinical correlation using genetic test results. This study aims to shed more lights on these challenging variants.MethodsIn a clinical setting, the variants found from 81 array CGH and 79 whole exome sequencing (WES) in patients with congenital anomalies were interpreted based on American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines.ResultsIn this study, the interpretation of the disease‐causing variants and the variants with uncertain clinical significance detected by WES was far more challenging than the variants detected by array CGH. The presence of unreported clinical symptoms, incomplete penetrance, variable expressivity, parents' reluctance to analyze segregation in the family, and the limitations of prenatal tests, were among the challenging factors in the interpretation of variants in this study.ConclusionA careful study of the pedigree and disease mode of inheritance, as well as a careful clinical examination of the carrier parents in diseases with autosomal dominant inheritance, are among the primary strategies for determining the clinical significance of the variants. Continued efforts to mitigate these challenges are needed to improve the interpretation of variants.
Integration of an evidence‐based caries management approach in dental education: The perspectives of dental instructors
Authors: Pillai Sangeeth , Rohani Kimia , Macdonald Mary Ellen , Al‐Hamed Faez Saleh , Tikhonova Svetlana 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurpose/objectivesEvidence‐based caries management (EBCM) has developed into an internationally recognized tool for integration of comprehensive non‐surgical caries treatment in dental education. However, uptake of the EBCM approach remains uneven across Canadian dental schools. Our project sought to understand how dental instructors perceive the challenges and solutions to the integration of the EBCM approach in undergraduate clinical education.MethodsUsing a qualitative descriptive design, we recruited a purposeful sample of clinical instructors supervising undergraduate dental students in caries‐related dental care. Semi‐structured, online interviews focused on the main characteristics of EBCM. Interviews were analyzed using the awareness, desire, knowledge, ability, and reinforcement (ADKAR) change management model to understand challenges with EBCM implementation in undergraduate education. The analysis process started with verbatim transcription; then, transcripts were coded deductively based on the interview guide and the ADKAR model domains, and inductively to generate emergent codes. Finally, thematic analysis was used to develop themes and subthemes.ResultsWe interviewed 11 dental instructors with a wide range of clinical experience. Our results show that participants had sufficient awareness regarding the need for the EBCM approach and portrayed a strong desire to participate in bringing curricular changes. Knowledge and ability of participants depended on their training, experience, and involvement in continuing education courses. A lack of standardized caries management practices, less chairside time, and poor remuneration for instructors were major barriers in EBCM clinical implementation. Potential solutions suggested included providing continuing education courses, credits for students for non‐surgical caries management, and remunerating instructors for implementation.ConclusionsIn conclusion, most participants were aware of the need for a substantive change toward EBCM and demonstrated the desire to participate and improve its implementation. Our analysis showed that to facilitate full integration of the EBCM approach into the undergraduate dental clinics, organizational focus needs to be placed on the individual's knowledge and ability, with tailored efforts toward reinforcement.
Did in‐between rinsing and agitating with distilled water prevents precipitate formation by the interaction between sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine canal irrigants?
Authors: Maiola Emanuelle Catherine , Boppré Letícia Mendes , Savaris Julia Menezes , Dias Junior Luiz Carlos de Lima , Garcia Lucas da Fonseca Roberti , Teixeira Cleonice da Silveira , Bortoluzzi Eduardo Antunes 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe interaction of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) produces an orange‐brown precipitate. The present study evaluated the influence of distilled water (H2O) in different irrigation protocols designed to prevent the formation of precipitate with NaOCl and CHX. Fifty canine teeth were instrumented and split longitudinally. The canal was examined with a stereomicroscope and photographed by canal‐thirds. The tooth halves were repositioned and distributed randomly into five groups, according to the final irrigation protocol (n = 10): G1 (control)—Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) + NaOCl + CHX, conventional irrigation (CI); G2—EDTA + NaOCl + CHX, activated with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI); G3—EDTA (PUI) + NaOCl (PUI) + H2O (CI) + CHX (PUI); G4—EDTA + NaOCl + H2O + CHX (PUI); G5—EDTA (PUI) + NaOCl (PUI) + H2O (continuous ultrasonic irrigation [CUI]) + CHX (PUI). The specimens were evaluated with a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy analysis was performed to identify the elemental profile of the irrigated canal walls. The images were scored according to the extensiveness of precipitate. Data were analyzed (Kruskal–Wallis test, α = 5%). Under the stereomicroscope, G1 had significantly higher scores than all the other groups in all canal‐thirds (p < .05). All four experimental groups showed similar scores (p > .05). There were no significant differences in precipitate formation among root‐thirds in intragroup analysis (p > .05). Upon SEM examination, overall, only G5 had lower scores than G1 (p < .05). Analysis by canal‐thirds showed no significant difference among groups and among canal‐thirds in the intragroup analysis (p > .05). G1 showed high Cl peaks. In‐between irrigation with H2O activated by CUI is effective in preventing precipitate formation during canal debridement with NaOCl and CHX.Research Highlights
Continuous ultrasonic irrigation with distilled water was capable to prevent the precipitate formation.
The precipitate can be classified as a chemical smear layer.
Ten common misconceptions about antibiotic use in the hospital
Authors: Lam John C. , Bourassa‐Blanchette Samuel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAntimicrobials are one of the most administered medications in hospitals. Thoughtful and rational antibiotic prescribing by clinicians are important in reducing the adverse effects to both the host that takes the antibiotic and also the individuals in the host's community. Principles informing antibiotic prescribing in the hospital are commonly rooted in misconceptions. We review 10 common myths associated with antibacterial usage in hospitalized patients and share contemporary evidence in hopes of enhancing evidence‐informed practice in this patient care setting.
Best Practice for MRI Diagnostic Accuracy Research With Lessons and Examples from the LI‐RADS Individual Participant Data Group
Authors: van der Pol Christian B. , Costa Andreu F. , Lam Eric , Dawit Haben , Bashir Mustafa R. , McInnes Matthew D. F. 
Published: October 2023

Medical imaging diagnostic test accuracy research is strengthened by adhering to best practices for study design, data collection, data documentation, and study reporting. In this review, key elements of such research are discussed, and specific recommendations provided for optimizing diagnostic accuracy study execution to improve uniformity, minimize common sources of bias and avoid potential pitfalls. Examples are provided regarding study methodology and data collection practices based on insights gained by the liver imaging reporting and data system (LI‐RADS) individual participant data group, who have evaluated raw data from numerous MRI diagnostic accuracy studies for risk of bias and data integrity. The goal of this review is to outline strategies for investigators to improve research practices, and to help reviewers and readers better contextualize a study's findings while understanding its limitations.Level of Evidence5Technical EfficacyStage 3
In vivo evaluation of the skin penetration and efficacy of ceramide nanomulsions by confocal Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Xu Fan , Zhu Jun , Zhang Ze , Li Shujing , He Yifan , Dong Yinmao , Zhan Xin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCeramide NP (Cer‐NP) has favorable effects in treating dry skin and barrier damage; nevertheless, their efficacy is hindered by a relatively low skin permeability. The most common used method to evaluate drug permeability in cosmetic filed is Franz diffusion cell, which have limitations in terms of experimental materials and manipulation, making it difficult to reliably quantify drug permeability in vivo on the human skin. In contrast, confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRM) is regarded as a versatile tool for tracking of the penetration of active molecules through the skin, which is non‐invasive, non‐destructive, and real‐time and allows in vivo testing of ceramide permeability and efficacy as well. The goal of this study was to track the skin penetration of Cer‐NP nanoemulsions (NEs) into the inner forearm skin, and to assess the short‐term effects of Cer‐NP on stratum corneum (SC) thickness, hydration, and intercellular lipids (ICL) conformation order using the water content and lateral packing order Slat = I2880/I2850, which were obtained by CRM data. Cer‐NP penetrated into the SC and epidermis, and the amount of penetration reduced with depth and increased with duration and finally retained in the SC. The results also uncovered Cer‐NP‐promoted SC hydration and increased SC thickness and Slat. The research mentioned above demonstrated that Cer‐NP NEs successfully penetrated the skin and performed moisturizing and barrier restoration functions.
Distribution of 2,4,6‐Trichloroanisole in cork stoppers
Authors: Monteiro Susana , Bundaleski Nenad , Malheiro Ana , Cabral Miguel , Teodoro Orlando M. N. D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundNatural cork stoppers are commonly considered the main source of 2,4,6‐trichloroanisole (TCA) in wine. However, little is known about how TCA is spread inside naturally contaminated cork stoppers. In the present work, the TCA distribution of 37 contaminated stoppers was assessed by slicing them into 3 mm discs and performing TCA analysis on each piece. Additionally, the distribution of TCA in artificially contaminated stoppers was investigated, after exposing clean stoppers to a controlled contaminated environment for 48 h.ResultsThe results showed that TCA was concentrated either in small sections or distributed along the length of the stoppers. Regarding the artificially contaminated, it was found that TCA was present not only in the outer layer along the stopper length but some was found 6 mm below the surface.ConclusionIn this study, no specific distribution pattern could represent TCA contamination in cork stoppers. An equal number of stoppers exhibited either a concentrated distribution or spread over the whole stopper. Lenticular channels are proposed to play a role in the dissemination of TCA from the surface to the interior of the stopper, as TCA was detected in the interior of the stopper within 2 h of exposure to an environment contaminated with TCA. However, the orientation of these channels does not contribute to the transportation of TCA to wine as they are perpendicular to the stopper's axis.
Effect of sugar reduction on sensory characteristics of dried fish mince product
Authors: Wang Shufen , Yang Fang , Wu Yi , Jiang Qixing , Xu Yanshun , Yu Peipei , Gao Pei , Yu Dawei , Xia Wenshui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDExcessive sugar consumption has been linked to type 2 diabetes, obesity and other diseases. Therefore, it is indispensable to reduce sugar of food. However, the sensory characteristics of food are affected after sugar reduction (SR). Currently, SR has been reported in drinks, jams, candies, and other fruit related or sweet foods; but salty or protein related foods have not been explored, therefore there is a big gap that needs to be filled.RESULTSSensory scores of initial sweetness and sweetness reduced by 0.26 and 0.12 in 10% SR dried fish mince product compared with control, and there was a small difference between 25% SR (3.33) and 40% SR (3.09) samples. It also showed that 10% SR sample had a small reduction in sweetness value and free sugar content by 3.5% (0.42/11.9) and 7.8% (2.12/27.06) compared with control; while values in 25% SR sample decreased sharply but were not much different from 40% SR sample. Electronic nose results showed that SR had a small effect on odor. Texture analysis showed that texture properties of 25% SR sample were significantly different from control.CONCLUSIONSDried fish mince product with below 10% SR had a small difference on the sensory characteristics and there was a big change when SR was more than 20%. Dried fish mince product with 25% SR and 40% SR had no significant difference. SR had a small effect on odor, but had a great effect on texture properties, especially over 20% SR. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Global inequalities in availability of systemic therapies for cancer care and strategies to address them
Authors: Krishnan Mridula , Agarwal Priyal , Pinninti Rakesh , Rajappa Senthil 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMany Low and middle‐income countries face challenges in delivering chemotherapy services due to limitations in infrastructure, inadequate healthcare facilities, and a shortage of trained medical professionals. High‐income countries often have well‐developed healthcare systems and advanced technology.
Pain management in cancer surgery: Global inequities and strategies to address them
Authors: Pellegrino Peter Ricci , Are Madhuri 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAmong patients undergoing surgical oncologic operations, patients in low‐ and middle‐income countries are at particularly high risk for inadequate perioperative analgesia. This article reviews some of the guiding pillars of pain management for cancer surgery, including use of regional analgesia and acute pain service consultation, multimodal adjunctive analgesia, and judicious opioid use while presenting data on international disparities for each pillar and proposing strategies to address these inequities.
Comparing π‐complexation capabilities of ionic liquids containing silver(I) and copper(I) ions by headspace single drop microextraction in combination with high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Eor Philip , Byington Miles , Anderson Jared L. 
Published: October 2023

Selective π‐complexation capabilities of silver(I) and copper(I) ions can be effectively facilitated in ionic liquids. To understand the effects of environmental factors that influence the π‐complexation of these metal ions with analytes, techniques that employ small volumes of ionic liquid that can be readily analyzed are desired. In this study, headspace single drop microextraction coupled with HPLC is used to investigate a diverse set of environmental factors on the metal ion‐mediated complexation with aromatic compounds in ionic liquid media. Silver(I) and copper(I) bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide salts were both studied by dissolving them in the 1‐decyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ionic liquid and employing the mixture as extraction media for aromatic compounds. Water and acetonitrile within the sample solution were observed to interfere with the complexation of silver(I) ions and aromatic compounds, while ethylene glycol and triethylene glycol did not. The temperature and extraction times were optimized to fully facilitate the π‐complexation capabilities of metal ions in ionic liquid media. Partition coefficients between the sample headspace and metal ion were determined using a three‐phase equilibria model. Although no discernable difference in analyte partitioning between the headspace and ionic liquid solvent was observed, analyte partition coefficients to silver(I) ion tended to be greater compared to copper(I) ion.