bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nehari's problem and competing species systems
Authors: Conti M. , Terracini S. , Verzini G. 
Published: November 2002

We consider an optimal partition problem in
N
-dimensional domains related to a method introduced by Nehari [22]. We prove existence of the minimal partition and some extremality conditions. Moreover we show some connections between the variational problem, the behaviour of competing species systems with large interaction and changing sign solutions to elliptic superlinear equations.

Résumé

Nous étudions un problème de partition optimale dans

\mathbb{R}^{N}

qui se relie à une métode introduite par Nehari [22]. Nous établissons l’existence de la partition optimale et quelques conditions d’extremalité. En plus nous démontrons un lien entre le problème variationel, le comportement asymptotique de certains systèmes quand l’interaction tends à l’infini et les solutions qui changent de signe pour les equations elliptiques surlinéaires.
Local behavior and global existence of positive solutions of auλ⩽−Δu⩽uλ
Authors: Taliaferro Steven D. 
Published: November 2002

We study the behavior near the origin of

C^2

positive solutions

u(x)

of

\tag{$\ast$}
au^{\lambda } \leq - \Delta u \leq u^{\lambda }

in a punctured neighborhood of the origin in

\mathbb{R}^{n}

(

n>2

) where the constants

λ

and

a

satisfy

\frac{n}{n - 2} < \lambda < \frac{n + 2}{n - 2}

and

0<a<1

. We also study the existence of

C^2

positive solutions of (

\ast

) in

\mathbb{R}^{n}

. In both cases we show that changing

a

from one value in the open interval

(0,1)

to another value in

(0,1)

can have a dramatic effect.

Résumé

On étudie le comportement prés de l’ origine des solutions positives de classe

C^2

u(x)

de

\tag{$\ast$}
au^{\lambda } \leq - \Delta u \leq u^{\lambda }

dans un voisinage épointé de l’ origine dans

\mathbb{R}^{n}

(

n>2

) où les constantes

λ

et

a*

satisfont

\frac{n}{n - 2} < \lambda < \frac{n + 2}{n - 2}

et

0<a<1

. On étudie aussi l’ existence de solutions positives de classe

C^2

de (

\ast

) dans

\mathbb{R}^{n}

. Dans les deux cas nous montrons que changer la valeur de

a

dans l’intervalle ouvert

(0,1)

peut avoir un effet dramatique.
Efficacy of zolpidem in insomnia
Authors: Priest RG , Terzano MG , Parrino L , Boyer P 
Published: November 2002

SummaryThe efficacy of zolpidem, a non benzodiazepine hypnotic agent with a short elimination half life, was reviewed, analysing more than 50 international clinical trials published since 1986. The hypnotic activity of zolpidem has been explored in different patient populations including normal volunteers, general practice outpatients and psychiatric out- or in-patients with varying sleep disorders; both transient and chronic. Assessment methods used have included objective and subjective measures of hypnotic efficacy for different treatment durations, with results confirming that 10 mg is superior to placebo. Zolpidem was shown to be superior in most trials on sleep parameters such as total sleep time, sleep onset latency and nocturnal awakenings, but total REM sleep and REM latency were usually unmodified. Zolpidem maintained normal sleep physiology as demonstrated by the preservation of slow wave stages and no, or minimal, effects on sleep architecture after abrupt discontinuation. Consequently, 10 mg is the recommended dose for the short-term treatment of insomnia in the non-elderly; in elderly patients 5 mg has been shown to be effective at inducing sleep whilst giving an optimum safety profile.
General safety profile of zolpidem: safety in elderly, overdose and rebound effects
Authors: Allain H , Monti J 
Published: November 2002

SummaryThe different aspects of general safety of zolpidem are reviewed after analysing the safety data obtained in adults as well as in elderly patients. The low incidence of reported adverse events during the first three years of utilisation of zolpidem have corroborated the results of the clinical studies. The most frequent adverse effects are central nervous system (CNS) related but they can be largely prevented by respecting the recommended doses and prescription rules. In cases of acute overdoses, no severe complications have been attributed to zolpidem taken alone. In most of the studies carried out within the recommended treatment duration, abrupt treatment discontinuation was not associated with clinically significant rebound insomnia, and the available pre-clinical and clinical data indicate that the risk of abuse or dependence is minimal when prescribed according to the recommended doses of 10 mg in adults and 5 mg in elderly. Thus, with now well-established arguments on a large patient basis going in the same direction, the safety of zolpidem can authorise and justify its wide prescription in the short-term treatment of insomnia.
Detecting anxiety and depression in hospitalised elderly patients using a brief inventory
Authors: Huber P. , Mulligan R. , Mackinnon A. , Nebuloni-French T. , Michel J.P. 
Published: November 2002

SummaryThis study validated a French language version of an inventory designed to detect symptoms of depression and anxiety [Goldberg et al, 1987] in a sample of elderly French-speaking inpatients at risk for one of these disorders. Latent trait analysis was used to replicate the structure of the symptoms in the inventory, and receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to assess the performance of the inventory as a screening measure for Major Depressive Episode and Generalised Anxiety Disorder according to DSM-IV criteria. Reflecting the ascertainment of individuals in the sample as being at risk for a disorder, prevalence of individual symptoms was high although the general structure of the inventory was found to be comparable to that found in samples of both community elderly and younger medical patients. ROC analyses showed that the subscales of inventory performed satisfactorily as screening measures for anxiety or depression but lacked specificity for each disorder. In addition to providing further evidence for the utility of this inventory to detect general psychiatric distress in elderly persons, this study provides a valid means of detecting symptoms of depression and anxiety in French speaking groups.
Poststroke shoulder pain: a prospective study of the association and risk factors in 152 patients from a consecutive cohort of 205 patients presenting with stroke
Authors: Gamble Giles E , Barberan Elisa , Laasch Hans‐Ulrich , Bowsher David , Tyrrell Pippa J , Jones Anthony K.P 
Published: November 2002

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Shoulder pain is known to retard rehabilitation after stroke. Its causes and prognosis are uncertain. This study describes the incidence of poststroke shoulder pain prospectively, in an unselected stroke population in the first 6 months after stroke and identifies risk factors for developing pain.METHODS 297 patients with possible stroke were screened and stroke diagnosed in 205 cases. The 152 patients entered the study of which 123 patients were assessed up to 6 months. This cohort, with a mean age of 70.6 years, was examined at 2 weeks, 2, 4, and 6 months. A history of shoulder pain, Barthel score, anxiety and depression score were recorded. Full neurological and rheumatological examination was undertaken, using the contralateral side as a control. Pain outcome and stroke outcome was recorded at subsequent visits.RESULTS 52 (40%) patients developed shoulder pain on the same side of their stroke. There was a strong association between pain and abnormal shoulder joint examination, ipsilateral sensory abnormalities and arm weakness. Shoulder pain had resolved or improved at 6 months in 41 (80%) of the patients with standard current treatment.CONCLUSIONS Shoulder pain after stroke occurred in 40% of 123 patients surviving, consenting and not too unwell to participate. This included 52 patients of an original cohort of 205 patients presenting with stroke. Eighty percent of patients made a good recovery with standard treatment Patients with sensory and or motor deficits represent at risk sub‐groups.
Hindus Beyond the Hindu Kush: Indians in the Central Asian Slave Trade
Authors: Levi Scott C. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractHistorical analyses of slavery in India generally emphasize the escalation of this social institution during the era of Muslim domination in north India. The present study is not an exception to this rule. However, while historical records make it clear that the Delhi Sultans and Mughal emperors retained slavery in order to suit their political and economic needs, it should be emphasized that Muslim rulers did not introduce slavery to the subcontinent. Sources such as the Arthaśāstra, the Manu-smrti and the Mahābhārata demonstrate that institutionalized slavery was well established in India by the beginning of the common era. Earlier sources suggest that it was likely to have been equally widespread by the lifetime of the Buddha (sixth century BC), and perhaps even as far back as the Vedic period. Furthermore, just as slavery was common in India long before the eighth-century Islamic conquests in Sind, recent work demonstrates that the institution continued, in various manifestations, well after the decentralization of the Mughal Empire in the early eighteenth century. Still, it is argued here that the expansion of slavery in Muslim India is an important component of the medieval and early modern history of the region and, at least in terms of its role in the commercial and cultural relations of India and Central Asia, it is a subject that would benefit from further historical analysis.
Son of Heaven and Son of God: Interactions among Ancient Asiatic Cultures regarding Sacral Kingship and Theophoric Names
Authors: Chen Sanping 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThis article examines the interrelationship and interactions between the notions of Son of Heaven and Son of God with respect to sacral kingship in Inner and East Asia by first uncovering a previously unnoticed synthesis of the two in ancient Inner Asia. The author argues that the Chinese belief of “heaven” and related political and religious concepts may share a common origin with parallel notions in Altaic cultures, possibly intertwined with Indo-European elements. Nevertheless, by studying theophoric names, which existed in all major Old World civilizations except early China, he demonstrates the distinctness of Chinese civilization, as well as the extensive pre-Islamic Iranic influences in East Asia.
Early Buddhist Use of Two Western Themes
Authors: Derrett J. Duncan M. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractFor about 150 years scholars of unusual temerity have asserted that themes found in Buddhist texts, many of them celebrated in surviving Buddhist sculpture, can be found in the New Testament in more or less recognizable forms. If this were true, as in the case of Japanese philosophy showing through the work of M. Heidegger, students of the New Testament, already overburdened with conspissated conjectures, would be obliged to enter into a field which is not only unfamiliar to them, but, as a rival, unsympathetic. Few would take on such an adventure gratis. It has been shown elsewhere that parallels can be sorted into those which could have arisen anywhere, being invented many times over (such as the Golden Rule); those which are unlikely to have been invented more than once, but which can be attributed to one culture or the other, without hope of our deciding which is earlier; and finally those which are completely at home in one culture (say the Jewish) and exotic in the other (say the Buddhist), so that the conjecture that the latter “borrowed” from the former is attractive.
PECAM-1 (CD31) Homophilic Interaction Up-Regulates α6β1 on Transmigrated Neutrophils In Vivo and Plays a Functional Role in the Ability of α6 Integrins to Mediate Leukocyte Migration through the Perivascular Basement Membrane
Authors: Dangerfield John , Larbi Karen Y. , Huang Miao-Tzu , Dewar Ann , Nourshargh Sussan 
Published: November 2002

Platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)-1 has been implicated in leukocyte migration through the perivascular basement membrane (PBM) though the mechanisms involved are unclear. The present results demonstrate that the ability of α6 integrins to mediate neutrophil migration through the PBM is PECAM-1 dependent, a response associated with PECAM-1–mediated increased expression of α6β1 on transmigrating neutrophils in vivo. An anti-α6 integrins mAb (GoH3) inhibited (78%, P &lt; 0.001) neutrophil migration through interleukin (IL)-1β–stimulated cremasteric venules, primarily at the level of the PBM, as analyzed by intravital and electron microscopy. In PECAM-1–deficient mice (KO), a reduced level of neutrophil transmigration elicited by IL-1β (4-h reaction) was observed in both the cremaster muscle (55% inhibition, P &lt; 0.05) and in the peritoneum (57% inhibition, P &lt; 0.01) but GoH3 had no additional inhibitory effect on these responses. FACS® analysis of neutrophils demonstrated increased expression of α6β1 on transmigrated peritoneal neutrophils, as compared with blood neutrophils, in wild-type but not KO mice even though neutrophils from both strains of mice exhibited comparable levels of intracellular expression of α6 as observed by immunofluorescent staining and confocal microscopy. Furthermore, mice deficient in either leukocyte or endothelial cell PECAM-1, as developed by bone marrow transplantation, demonstrated a similar level of reduced neutrophil transmigration and expression of α6β1 on transmigrated neutrophils as that detected in KO mice.
The results demonstrate a role for PECAM-1 homophilic interaction in neutrophil transmigration and increased expression of α6β1 on the cell surface of transmigrated neutrophils in vivo, a response that could contribute to the mechanism of PECAM-1–mediated neutrophil migration through the PBM.
Structural Characterization of the Human Proteome
Authors: Müller Arne , MacCallum Robert M. , Sternberg Michael J.E. 
Published: November 2002

This paper reports an analysis of the encoded proteins (the proteome) of the genomes of human, fly, worm, yeast, and representatives of bacteria and archaea in terms of the three-dimensional structures of their globular domains together with a general sequence-based study. We show that 39% of the human proteome can be assigned to known structures. We estimate that for 77% of the proteome, there is some functional annotation, but only 26% of the proteome can be assigned to standard sequence motifs that characterize function. Of the human protein sequences, 13% are transmembrane proteins, but only 3% of the residues in the proteome form membrane-spanning regions. There are substantial differences in the composition of globular domains of transmembrane proteins between the proteomes we have analyzed. Commonly occurring structural superfamilies are identified within the proteome. The frequencies of these superfamilies enable us to estimate that 98% of the human proteome evolved by domain duplication, with four of the 10 most duplicated superfamilies specific for multicellular organisms. The zinc-finger superfamily is massively duplicated in human compared to fly and worm, and occurrence of domains in repeats is more common in metazoa than in single cellular organisms. Structural superfamilies over- and underrepresented in human disease genes have been identified. Data and results can be downloaded and analyzed via web-based applications athttp://www.sbg.bio.ic.ac.uk.[Supplemental material is available online at http://www.genome.org.]
Detection of Peptides, Proteins, and Drugs That Selectively Interact With Protein Targets
Authors: Serebriiskii Ilya G. , Mitina Olga , Pugacheva Elena N. , Benevolenskaya Elizaveta , Kotova Elena , Toby Garabet G. , Khazak Vladimir , Kaelin William G. , Chernoff Jonathan , Golemis Erica A. 
Published: November 2002

Genome sequencing has been completed for multiple organisms, and pilot proteomic analyses reported for yeast and higher eukaryotes. This work has emphasized the facts that proteins are frequently engaged in multiple interactions, and that governance of protein interaction specificity is a primary means of regulating biological systems. In particular, the ability to deconvolute complex protein interaction networks to identify which interactions govern specific signaling pathways requires the generation of biological tools that allow the distinction of critical from noncritical interactions. We report the application of an enhanced Dual Bait two-hybrid system to allow detection and manipulation of highly specific protein–protein interactions. We summarize the use of this system to detect proteins and peptides that target well-defined specific motifs in larger protein structures, to facilitate rapid identification of specific interactors from a pool of putative interacting proteins obtained in a library screen, and to score specific drug-mediated disruption of protein–protein interaction.[Supplemental material is available online at http://www.genome.org. The following individuals kindly provided reagents, samples, or unpublished information as indicated in the paper: A. Taliana, M. Russell, M. Berman, and R. Finley.]
Acute Growth Hormone Administration Causes Exaggerated Increases in Plasma Lactate and Glycerol during Moderate to High Intensity Bicycling in Trained Young Men
Authors: Lange Kai Henrik Wiborg , Larsson Benny , Flyvbjerg Allan , Dall Rolf , Bennekou Morten , Rasmussen Michael Højby , Ørskov Hans , Kjær Michael 
Published: November 2002

Abstract
We studied the acute effects of a single, sc GH dose on exercise performance and metabolism during bicycling. Seven highly trained men [age, 26 ± 1 yr (mean ± sem); weight, 77 ± 3 kg; maximal oxygen uptake, 65 ± 1 ml O2·min−1·kg−1] performed 90 min of bicycling 4 h after receiving 7.5 IU (2.5 mg) GH or placebo in a randomized, double-blinded, cross-over design trial. A standardized pre-exercise meal was given 2 h before exercise. Blood was sampled at rest and during exercise and analyzed for GH, IGF-I, glucose, lactate, insulin, glycerol, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). In the placebo trial, all subjects completed the exercise protocol without any difficulties. In contrast, two subjects were not able to complete the exercise protocol in the GH trial, and one subject barely managed to complete the protocol. In addition, GH administration resulted in exaggerated increases in plasma lactate concentrations during exercise (P &lt; 0.0001). The combined lipolytic effect of GH and exercise, evidenced by increased plasma glycerol and serum NEFA concentrations, was 3-fold greater than the effect of exercise alone (P &lt; 0.0001), but this increased substrate availability did not result in increased whole body fat oxidation (indirect calorimetry). Plasma glucose was, on average, 9% higher during exercise after GH administration compared with placebo (P &lt; 0.0001).
We conclude that a single, relevant GH dose causes exaggerated increases in plasma lactate and glycerol as well as serum NEFA during 90 min of subsequent bicycling at moderate to high intensity. The exaggerated increase in plasma lactate may be associated with substantially decreased exercise performance.
Thyroid Hormone Action Is Disrupted by Bisphenol A as an Antagonist
Authors: Moriyama Kenji , Tagami Tetsuya , Akamizu Takashi , Usui Takeshi , Saijo Misa , Kanamoto Naotetsu , Hataya Yuji , Shimatsu Akira , Kuzuya Hideshi , Nakao Kazuwa 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA), a monomer of polycarbonate plastics, has been shown to possess estrogenic properties and act as an agonist for the estrogen receptors. Although an epidemiologically based investigation has suggested that some chemicals could disrupt thyroid function in animals, the effects on thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are unknown. We show here that BPA inhibits TR-mediated transcription by acting as an antagonist. In the transient gene expression experiments, BPA suppressed transcriptional activity that is stimulated by thyroid hormone (T3) in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects were observed in the presence of physiological concentrations of T3. In contrast, in the case of negatively regulated TSHα promoter, BPA activated the gene transcription that is suppressed by T3. To elucidate possible mechanisms of the antagonistic action of BPA, the effects on T3 binding and cofactor interaction with TR were examined. The Ki value for BPA was 200 μm when assessed by inhibition of [125I]T3 binding to rat hepatic nuclear TRs. In a mammalian two-hybrid assay, BPA recruited the nuclear corepressor to the TR. These results suggest that BPA could displace T3 from the TR and recruit a transcriptional repressor, resulting in gene suppression. This is the first report that BPA can antagonize T3 action at the transcriptional level. BPA may disrupt the function of various types of nuclear hormone receptors and their cofactors to disturb our internal hormonal environment.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) Activates Monocytes to Produce Interleukin-8 via a Different Pathway from Luteinizing Hormone/HCG Receptor System
Authors: Kosaka Kenzo , Fujiwara Hiroshi , Tatsumi Keiji , Yoshioka Shinya , Sato Yukiyasu , Egawa Haruto , Higuchi Toshihiro , Nakayama Takahiro , Ueda Masamichi , Maeda Michiyuki , Fujii Shingo 
Published: November 2002

AbstractTo investigate immune-endocrine interactions between the embryo and the mother early in pregnancy, we examined the effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) on IL-8 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Recombinant HCG promoted IL-8 secretion by PBMC derived from nonpregnant women. The induction of IL-8 mRNA expression was observed after 30 min of HCG stimulation. Adsorption of the HCG with anti-HCG antibodies confirmed the specificity of this effect. The translocation of nuclear factor κB into the nucleus and subsequent IL-8 production were observed mainly in monocytes, and IL-8 production was reduced when a proteasome inhibitor was added to inactivate nuclear factor κB. Although fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled HCG was bound to the majority of monocytes, cell surface expression of HCG receptor was hardly detected. IL-8 production by HCG was not affected by inhibitors of protein kinases A and C. In contrast, this stimulation was attenuated by d-mannose, which inhibits binding to C-type lectins. The basal IL-8 production by PBMC from women early in pregnancy was significantly elevated, compared with that from nonpregnant women.This study showed that human monocytes respond to HCG and secrete IL-8 through a pathway different from the HCG receptor system, suggesting that this glycoprotein hormone can react with not only endocrine cells but also immune cells early in pregnancy, probably via primitive systems such as C-type lectins.