bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Albumin enhanced morphometric image analysis in CLL
Authors: Lunning Matthew A. , Zenger Vincent E. , Dreyfuss Ricardo , Stetler‐Stevenson Maryalice , Rick Margaret E. , White Therese A. , Wilson Wyndham H. , Marti Gerald E. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe heterogeneity of lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and blood film artifacts make morphologic subclassification of this disease difficult.METHODSWe reviewed paired blood films prepared from ethylene‐diamine‐tetraacetic acid (ETDA) samples with and without bovine serum albumin (BSA) from 82 CLL patients. Group 1 adhered to NCCLS specifications for the preparations of EDTA blood films. Group 2 consisted of blood films containing EDTA and a 1:12 dilution of 22% BSA. Eight patients were selected for digital photomicroscopy and statistical analysis. Approximately 100 lymphocytes from each slide were digitally captured.RESULTSThe mean cell area ± standard error was 127.8 μm2 ± 1.42 for (n = 793) for group 1 versus 100.7 μm2 ± 1.39 (n = 831) for group 2. The nuclear area was 88.9 μm2 ± 0.85 for group 1 versus 76.4 μm2 ± 0.83 for group 2. For the nuclear transmittance, the values were 97.6 ± 0.85 for group 1 and 104.1 ± 0.83 for group 2. The nuclear:cytoplasmic ratios were 0.71 ± 0.003 for group 1 and 0.78 ± 0.003 for group 2. All differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSBSA addition results in the reduction of atypical lymphocytes and a decrease in smudge cells. BSA also decreases the lymphocyte area and nuclear area, whereas nuclear transmittance and nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio are increased. A standardized method of slide preparation would allow accurate interlaboratory comparison. The use of BSA may permit better implementation of the blood film‐based subclassification of CLL and lead to a better correlation of morphology with cytogenetics and immunophenotyping. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perfect count: A novel approach for the single platform enumeration of absolute CD4+ T‐lymphocytes
Authors: Storie Ian , Sawle Alex , Goodfellow Karen , Whitby Liam , Granger Vivian , Ward Rosalie Y. , Peel Janet , Smart Theresa , Reilly John T. , Barnett David 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe derivation of reliable CD4+ T lymphocyte counts is vital for the monitoring of disease progression and therapeutic effectiveness in HIV+ individuals. Flow cytometry has emerged as the method of choice for CD4+ T lymphocyte enumeration, with single‐platform technology, coupled with reference counting beads, fast becoming the “gold standard.” However, although single‐platform, bead‐based, sample acquisition requires the ratio of beads to cells to remain unchanged, there is no available method, until recently, to monitor this.METHODSPerfect Count beads have been developed to address this issue and to incorporate two bead populations, with different densities, to allow the detection of inadequate mixing. Comparison of the relative proportions of both beads with the manufacture's defined limits enables an internal QC check during sample acquisition. In this study, we have compared CD4+ T lymphocyte counts, obtained from 104 HIV+ patients, using TruCount beads with MultiSet software (defined as the predicated method) and the new Perfect Count beads, incorporating an in house sequential gating strategy.RESULTSWe have demonstrated an excellent degree of correlation between the predicate method and the Perfect Count system (r2 = 0.9955; Bland Altman bias +27 CD4+ T lymphocytes/μl).CONCLUSIONSThe Perfect Count system is a robust method for performing single platform absolute counts and has the added advantage of having internal QC checks. Such an approach enables the operator to identify potential problems during sample preparation, acquisition and analysis. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visual scoring versus histogram subtraction of in vivo binding of immunoglobulins against platelets after transfusion
Authors: Levin M.‐D. , van der Holt B. , de Veld J. C. , Gratama J. W. , de Vries W. , van't Veer M. B. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe developed a technique, in vivo binding of immunoglobulins in the platelet immunofluorescence test (IVBI‐PIFT), that detects immunoglobulins bound in vivo to transfused platelets. The visually scored results of this technique, however, are susceptible to interobserver variation. We describe a more objective method to generate results in IVBI‐PIFT.METHODSWe studied 201 samples in 120 patients with hematologic malignancies in the IVBI‐PIFT. Histogram subtraction, i.e., fluorescence (anti–immunoglobulin G and fluorescein isothiocyanate) histogram before platelet transfusion subtracted from the histogram after platelet transfusion, was compared with visual scoring (pattern 1: no enhanced fluorescence before and after transfusion; pattern 2: enhanced fluorescence before and after platelet transfusion; pattern 3: enhanced fluorescence before transfusion; pattern 4: enhanced fluorescence after transfusion, interpreted as alloimmunization). After histogram subtraction, the number of remaining events (events post substraction, EPS) and the mean amount of fluorescence of these remaining events (mean channel post substraction, MCPS) were used and compared with the visual scoring and with platelet survival after transfusion.RESULTSIn 26 (13%) of the 201 samples studied in the IVBI‐PIFT, fewer than three of five observers agreed on the visually scored pattern. In the 175 (87%) remaining samples, histogram subtraction showed a significant differentiation between pattern 4 and patterns 1 and 2 by using EPS, whereas patterns 4 and 3 were distinguished by using MCPS. The combination of EPS and MCPS differentiated best between pattern 4 and patterns 1, 2, and 3 (73% sensitivity, 96% specificity, 79% positive predictive value, and 95% negative predictive value). In contrast, the predictive value for platelet recovery after 1 and 16 h of pattern 4 from the visual scoring method and the results of histogram subtraction were poor.CONCLUSIONThis objective method of histogram subtraction correlated well with the visual scoring method of IVBI‐PIFT. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monitoring hyperproliferative disorders in human skin: Flow cytometry of changing cytokeratin expression
Authors: Franssen M. E. J. , Boezeman J. B. M. , van de Kerkhof P. C. M. , van Erp P. E. J. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDMonitoring dynamics of different cell populations in solid tissues using flow cytometry has several limitations. The interaction and changes in epidermal subpopulations in hyperproliferative skin disorders such as psoriasis, a very common chronic inflammatory skin disease, may, however, elucidate the role of different cell populations in the pathogenesis and the effect of therapy in these disorders. We describe a new, simple method for identifying and quantifying different epidermal subpopulations in hyperproliferative skin disorders and an in vivo model for epidermal hyperproliferation by using six‐parameter assessment and three‐color flow cytometry.METHODSEpidermal single‐cell suspensions were derived from normal human skin before and after standardized injury and from untreated and treated psoriatic lesions. Samples were stained with anti‐cytokeratins 6 (K6) and 10 (K10), anti‐vimentin, and 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole. With three‐color flow cytometry, different epidermal subpopulations were further defined by six different parameters.RESULTSCorrelations were found for mild psoriasis and K10+K6− cells and for moderate psoriasis and K10−K6+ cells. Treatment of mild psoriasis resulted in a 70% increase of the K10+K6− cells and an 18% decrease of the K10−K6− cells, whereas treatment of more severe psoriasis resulted in a 77% increase of the K10+K6− cells and a 33% decrease of the K10−K6+ cells. The tape‐stripping model showed changes in suprabasal keratin expression before proliferative activity.CONCLUSIONSThe present flow cytometric assay permits simultaneous quantification of epidermal differentiation, inflammation, proliferation, and hyperproliferation‐associated keratinization and provides information on pathogenesis and therapy of hyperproliferative skin disorders. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carcinoid tumors of the lung: A diagnostic challenge in bronchial washings
Authors: Aron Manju , Kapila Kusum , Verma Kusum 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBronchial washings are used routinely in the diagnosis of lung tumors. However, unlike other tumors, the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoids on bronchial washings is difficult. We reviewed 17 cases of histologically proven bronchial carcinoids from the files of the cytology laboratory over a period of 15 yr (1986–2001). The bronchial washings and histology sections of all the cases were reviewed separately by two independent observers and the results tabulated. Two cases had inadequate bronchial washings for evaluation and were excluded from the study. A growth was identified on bronchoscopy in 13 of 15 cases. Initial cytologic diagnoses were ?adenocarcinoma/?carcinoid and suspicious of carcinoid in one case each. However, on review, tumor was identified in 10 of 13 cases initially considered to be negative. The possible reasons for a false‐negative report on initial cytology include the paucity of tumor cell fragments in the bronchial washings (5 of 12 cases showing only one to two tumor fragments) and their bland appearance, often being mistaken for benign columnar cells. This study highlights the potential pitfalls in the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoids on bronchial washings and underlines the importance of a diligent search in cases with high clinical suspicion and positive bronchoscopic findings. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:62–66. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microglandular hyperplasia has a cytomorphological spectrum overlapping with atypical squamous cells—cannot exclude high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC‐H)
Authors: Shidham Vinod B. , Rao R. Nagarjun , Machhi Jinobya , Chavan Ashwini 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe retrospectively evaluated cytological interpretations of conventional cervical smears in 48 cases of biopsy‐proven microglandular hyperplasia and compared them with 15 negative controls. A glandular pattern was noted in all 48 cases but was predominant in 73% (35/48) of the cases. Immature metaplastic pattern was present in 71% (34/48) and was predominant in 27% (13/48). These features were not observed in negative control smears. 85% of cases (41/48) were interpreted as negative for epithelial cell abnormality. Two cases with predominantly glandular pattern (6%, 2/35) were interpreted as atypical glandular cells. Five cases with predominantly immature metaplastic pattern (38%, 5/13) showed checkerboard arrangement or rows of single cells with slightly larger atypical nuclei leading to interpretation as “atypical squamous cells—cannot exclude high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.” The metaplastic cells with normoblast‐like karyorrhectic apoptotic debris confined to the nuclear area were scattered among these cells in microglandular hyperplasia with metaplastic pattern. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:57–61. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic value of HepPar1, pCEA, CD10, and CD34 expression in separating hepatocellular carcinoma from metastatic carcinoma in fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Saad Reda S. , Luckasevic Todd M. , Noga Christine M. , Johnson Douglas R. , Silverman Jan F. , Liu Yulin L. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractDifferentiating primary and metastatic hepatic malignancies can be diagnostically challenging in fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). We compared four immunohistochemical (IHC) markers, pCEA, CD10, HepPar1, and CD34, in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from metastatic carcinoma (MC) in FNAC specimens. Sixty cases of liver FNAC with their corresponding cell blocks were retrieved from the hospital computer system, including 30 HCC and 30 MC (15 colon, 10 breast, and 5 pancreas). The diagnoses were confirmed by clinical follow‐up and surgical resection or core needle biopsy. The direct cytologic smears were air‐dried and Diff‐Quik‐stained, and alcohol‐fixed and Papanicolaou‐stained. Cell block sections from the aspirates were immunostained for pCEA, CD10, HepPar1, and CD34. IHC on cytologic smears for HCC was performed on 10 cases and compared with the cell block results. In HCC, CD10, and pCEA demonstrated the characteristic canalicular staining in 23/30 (77%) and 24/30 (80%) of the cases, respectively; however, none of the MC showed a canalicular staining pattern. HepPar1 was positive in 26/30 (87%) of the HCC cases and one MC. CD34 stained sinusoidal endothelial cells in 27/30 (90%) cases of HCC and six MC. Our results demonstrate that the canalicular staining pattern for CD10 and sinusoidal staining pattern of CD34 are very specific, in addition to the high specificity and sensitivity of HepPar1 for HCC. Cell blocks were more informative in demonstrating the characteristic architecture and immunostaining pattern of the malignancy than the cytologic smears. An IHC panel consisting of pCEA, CD10, HepPar1, and CD34 is useful for confirming HCC in FNAC of the liver. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:1–6. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ThinPrep® for cytologic evaluation of follicular thyroid lesions: Correlation with histologic findings
Authors: Tulecke Mark A. , Wang Helen H. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractFine needle aspiration (FNA) is often the first step in management of a thyroid nodule. Although papillary carcinomas have distinctive features on conventional smears as well as ThinPrep® preparations, cytopathologists rely on the architectural arrangement of cells to classify follicular lesions. The accuracy of ThinPrep® in this regard has not been determined. We reviewed all thyroidectomy specimens from a 22‐mo period that showed a follicular lesion and had one or more preoperative FNA. The architecture of the lesions on histology was classified as predominantly (>70%) macrofollicular (MA), predominantly microfollicular (MI), mixed (MX), or cystic (C). The presence of colloid, Hürthle cell features, cystic change, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and nonspecific lymphocytic thyroiditis were also recorded. All FNA specimens were processed with the ThinPrep® method and were categorized as nondiagnostic, benign (MA or MX), indeterminate (due to suboptimal cellularity), or suspicious (consistent with a microfollicular or Hürthle cell neoplasm) based on cellularity, architectural arrangement of the follicular cells, and the presence or absence of colloid on FNA. Those cytologic specimens in the indeterminate category were subcategorized as suggestive of an MA, MX, or MI lesion if possible. Histocytologic findings were correlated using Fisher's exact test. A total of 95 patients with 115 FNAs were included in the study (mean age: 48 yr; 75 females and 20 males). Seven of the FNAs were nondiagnostic, 23 benign, 69 indeterminate (5, 8, and 30 favor MA, MX, and MI, respectively, 6 cyst contents and 20 not subclassifiable) and 16 suspicious. The cytohistologic correlation for architecture was significant (P = 0.003). The cytohistologic correlation of cystic change, Hürthle cell change, and the presence of colloid (large fragments of colloid and “tissue‐paper‐like material” on cytology vs. abundant colloid on histology) was highly significant (P < 0.001, < 0.001, and < 0.03, respectively). In conclusion, thyroid FNA with ThinPrep® is useful in predicting the architectural pattern of follicular lesions. It is also reliable in predicting cystic change, Hürthle cell change, and the presence of colloid. Watery colloid is probably present as “tissue‐paper‐like material” in thyroid FNA ThinPrep® preparations. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:7–13. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of cytologic features of giant‐cell tumor and giant‐cell tumor of tendon sheath
Authors: Gupta Kirti , Dey P. , Goldsmith Ritalin , Vasishta R.K. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe cytologic features in twelve cases of giant‐cell tumor (GCT) and five cases of giant‐cell tumor of tendon sheath (GCTTS) diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) are described. All of these cases were histopathologically confirmed. The aspirates of GCT are composed of a dual population of mononucleated spindle cell and multinucleated giant cells. The peripheral adherence of giant cells to the spindle cell is the feature of diagnostic significance in GCT. In GCTTS, the aspirate consists of a polymorphic population composed of mononuclear histiocyte‐like cells, hemosiderin laden macrophages, foamy macrophages, and a few multinucleated giant cells. FNAC can be used as a diagnostic tool for an early and accurate detection of these two giant cell–rich lesions, since the cytologic features when evaluated in conjunction with the clinical and radiologic features are sufficiently diagnostic. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:14–18. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytology of low‐grade endocrine neoplasms involving liver: A series of 24 specimens, including 4 with hepatoid or glandular features
Authors: Crapanzano John P. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractLow‐grade endocrine neoplasms (LGENs) involving the liver usually show typical endocrine features. Occasionally these tumors display cytologic characteristics that mimic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or adenocarcinoma (ACA). Twenty‐four liver FNABs from 22 patients were reviewed. Twenty specimens showed cytologic characteristics typical of LGENs, including small to medium‐sized cells with salt‐and‐pepper or granular chromatin, moderate to high N/C ratios, and inconspicuous or absent nucleoli. Plasmacytoid cells were observed in 19 cases. Immunocytochemical stains (ICCs) confirmed endocrine differentiation in 9 cases. 4 FNABs were comprised of larger tumor cells that displayed cytologic features that overlapped with HCC or ACA, including transgressing or wrapping endothelium, moderate to abundant cytoplasm, and conspicuous nucleoli. LGENs involving the liver typically demonstrate characteristic cytologic features. Cases comprised of larger cells with abundant cytoplasm, conspicuous nucleoli, and transgressing or wrapping endothelium may pose diagnostic difficulties. ICCs and plasmacytoid morphology are beneficial in classifying the endocrine origin of these tumors. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:31–38. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Steady‐state ranked set sampling for replicated environmental sampling designs
Authors: Barabesi Lucio , Pisani Caterina 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn replicated sampling protocols, each design replicate is independently and randomly placed onto the study region. Subsequently, in order to estimate the objective parameter, the Horvitz–Thompson (HT) estimator is usually considered for each design replicate and an overall estimator results from the average of the single estimators. Obviously, the procedure gives rise to a sample of HT estimators under simple random sampling (SRS) in such a way that the objective parameter is estimated by the corresponding sample mean. However, this procedure is likely to produce uneven coverage of the region and hence a large variability of the overall estimator. Therefore, to avoid such drawbacks, a quasi‐systematic protocol for the design replicates is proposed. In this case, the suggested procedure gives rise to a sample of HT estimators under steady‐state ranked set sampling (SRSS)–a generalization of well‐known ranked set sampling (RSS)–so as to estimate the objective parameter by the corresponding sample mean. The proposed method produces large efficiency gains and does not involve supplementary sampling costs or extra field work. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trivial reductions of dimensionality in the propagation of uncertainties: a physical example
Authors: Bolado Ricardo , Mira José 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWhen performing uncertainty analysis on a mathematical model of a physical process, some coefficients of the differential equations appear as a result of elementary operations of other coefficients. It is shown in this article that variance reduction techniques should be applied on the ‘final’ or ‘reduced’ coefficients and not on the original ones, thus reducing the variance of the estimators of the parameters of the output variable distribution. We illustrate the methodology with an application to a physical problem, a radioactive contaminant transport code. A substantial variance reduction is achieved for the estimators of the distribution function, the mean and the variance of the output. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Site scores and conditional biplots in canonical correspondence analysis
Authors: Graffelman Jan , Tuft Robyn 
Published: December 2003

AbstractCanonical correspondence analysis is an important multivariate technique in community ecology. It produces an interesting biplot that summarizes the data matrices involved in the analysis. The method produces two sets of site scores that can be used in a biplot. One set concerns site scores that are weighted averages of the species scores (WA scores), and the other set represents site scores that are linear combinations of the environmental variables (LC scores). We show that the use of both sets of scores in a CCA biplot can be justified. The use of the WA scores leads to the best possible representation of the species data conditional on the representation of the weighted averages. Likewise, the LC scores lead to the best possible representation of the environmental variables, also conditional on the representation of the weighted averages and on the use of a Mahalanobis metric. The eigenvalues obtained in CCA indicate how well the species data are represented when LC scores are used. The quality of representation of the species data when WA scores are used can be computed from the CCA eigenvalues and the variances of the WA scores. Scalar products between WA scores and environmental variable vectors do not form a biplot of the environmental data. Theoretical results are illustrated with Australian data from freshwater ecology. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Translocation t(11;14) in multiple myeloma: Analysis of translocation breakpoints on der(11) and der(14) chromosomes suggests complex molecular mechanisms of recombination
Authors: Fenton James A. L. , Pratt Guy , Rothwell Dominic G. , Rawstron Andy C. , Morgan Gareth J. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe describe the characterization of the genomic DNA breakpoints of two multiple myeloma (MM) patients with t(11;14). IGH translocation events are present in many MM tumors, and it is proposed that they occur early in the pathogenesis, based on the assumption that the translocations are simple reciprocal events mediated by errors in class‐switch recombination (CSR). We provide evidence from two patients that the translocation event can be more complex, with DNA from chromosome band 11q13 joined to apparently already recombined hybrid (Sμ/Sγ) switch region sequences. In one case, there was also evidence that a further rearrangement had occurred at the t(11;14) recombination site, resulting in an inversion of 40 bp of the 5′Sμ flanking sequence. This suggests that primary IGH arrangements in MM may be more complex than previous myeloma models have suggested, but that they essentially occur through illegitimate CSR events. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.