bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical solution to the simultaneous Michaelis-Menten and second-order kinetics problem
Authors: Paz Alejandro Perez 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An analytic solution is presented for the simultaneous substrate elimination problem that combines Michaelis-Menten (MM) consumption with an irreversible second-order kinetics process.The implicit solution involves logarithm and inverse tangent functions and perfectly agrees with the numerical solution of the differential equation. A solution is also presented for the generalized dynamical problem that simultaneously combines MM kinetics with first and second-order processes.Useful exact expressions such as the half-life and the area under the curve are also derived for these problems.
A spatial nonlinear mathematical model of malaria transmission dynamics using vector control strategies
Authors: Alhassan C. J. , Achema K. O. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Malaria is one of the serious life-threatening diseases with negative effects on both the social and economic aspects of human life. Researching into its curtailment or eradication is necessary for elevating human health and social-economic status. In this regard, this study focuses on the spatial nonlinear mathematical model to investigate how vector control strategies are correlated with the dynamics of malaria transmission. The study employs a nonlinear partial differential equations (NPDE) mathematical model to investigate malaria transmission. The model system incorporates human (host), mosquito (vector), and invasive alien plant populations. Some applicable epidemiological mathematical analyses were carried out on the model system, such as critical points, stability, the basic reproduction number, local asymptotic stability (LAS), bifurcation, global asymptotic stability (GAS), wave speed, and numerical analyses using relevant data were extensively analysed. Using the sharp threshold conditions imposed on the basic reproduction number, we were able to show that the model exhibited the backward bifurcation phenomenon and the DFE was shown to be globally asymptotic stable (GAS) under certain conditions. It was found that the invasive alien plants have significant effects on malaria transmission. This study suggests that mosquito repellent plants should be planted around the human environment to replace the invasive plants so as to reduce mosquito shelters and feeding opportunities for mosquitoes.
CHF Enhancement by γ-Fe2O3 Nanofluids with Pool Boiling condition on a Downward Facing Plane
Authors: Cai Xintian , Hsieh Huai-En , Zhang Zhibo , Wang Saikun , Wang Shiqi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nanofluids have been widely used in many engineering fields because of their excellent properties, and can be effectively used for cooling electronic equipment and improving energy efficiency. In this study, the heat transfer performance of γ-Fe2O3 nanofluid was investigated. The particle size used in the experiment is about 20 nm, it can be found by X-ray diffraction (XRD) that it is consistent with the characteristic peak and no other impurities. Nanofluids with different concentrations were configured through a two-step method. Since the γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticle are not easily dispersed, the ultrasonic time is relatively long. After a series of experiments and data processing, we can see that nanofluids have the best heat transfer performance at 0.07 g/L. Compared to reverse osmosis (R·O) water case, the enhancement of critical heat flux (CHF) is about 34.09%, and the heat transfer coefficient enhancement is about 49.32%. The movement of bubbles during the experiment is recorded and analyzed. Compared with R·O water case, the bubbles are larger and fewer in the nanofluid case, and what’s more, the bubble movement is relatively intense. The heating surface was characterized after the experiment, and it was found that the wettability of the heating surface was changed, and the roughness of the heating surface decreased. SEM shows that the deposition of nanoparticles on the heating surface is the main cause of CHF enhancement. When the concentration is 0.08 g/L, CHF decreases, mainly because the excessive deposition of nanoparticles increases the thermal resistance of the heating surface and leads to the deterioration of the heat transfer.
Suppression of Harmonics in Asynchronous Generator fed WES with STATCOM
Authors: Yarlagadda Venu , Alekhya Nuthalapati 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Recent era of modern age integrates the green energy into the power grid which brings the plenty of advantages in the power generation. Wind plant was designed and with Asynchronous Generator with self excitation equipped with a STATCOM, which is designed for the suppression of Harmonics. FFT and THD analysis have been made for both R type and RL type loads comprising of both constant power and constant impedance loads with wide load disturbances. For both of these load scenarios of R and RL type FFT and THD analysis have been presented with waveforms, tabular forms and bar graphs for both without and with power quality compensators. These results proven the significant improvement in the suppression of harmonics, the THD value with power quality compensator is tremendously reduced to very low value which is highly acceptable according to IEEE standards.
Genetic Polymorphisms and Tacrolimus Dose Requirements: Potential Implications for Ghanaian patients with End-stage renal disease
Authors: Kwakyi Edward , Nartey Edmund Tetteh , Otabil Michael Kobina , Asiedu-Gyekye Isaac , Ahorhorlu Samuel Yao , Bioma Vincent , Kudzi William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background: End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is an irreversible damage of a person’s kidney which could be fatal. However, because transplants may trigger an immune response with potential organ rejection, immunosuppressants such as tacrolimus dosing is required.
Objective: To determine genetic polymorphisms in CYP3A5, CYP3A4 and MDR1 genes of Ghanaian patients with ESRD that could affect tacrolimus dose requirements.
Method: This cross-sectional study comprised of 87 ESRD patients. Clinical and demographic data were collected and genomic DNA isolated. Samples were genotyped for specific SNPs using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and analyzed against tacrolimus dose and trough levels of transplant recipients.
Results: Four, 4/87 (4.6%) patients harbored the homozygous CYP3A5*3 (6986A˃G) and 69/87 (79.31%) patients carried the homozygous CYP3A4*1B (-290A˃G), 4 of these were transplant recipients. One, 1/87 (1.15%) patient had the heterozygous MDR1_Ex21 (2677G˃T and another one 1/87 (1.15%) had the homozygous MDR1_Ex26 (3435C˃T). Four transplant recipients with the homozygous mutant CYP3A4*1B/*1B had significantly lower tacrolimus trough levels (average 5.95± 1.8ng/ml) compared with that required by a fifth transplant recipient with the heterozygous genotype (10.3ng/ml).
Conclusion
Most participants with ESRD harbored SNPs of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 that could affect tacrolimus dose requirement in potential transplant recipients.
The option of transosseous distal suture placement during minimally invasive Achilles tendon repair for high-risk patients can improve outcomes, however does not prevent re-rupture
Authors: Carmont Michael R. , Nilsson-Helander Katarina , Carling Malin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Achilles tendon ruptures (ATRs) close to the insertion, in high-level athletes, and in patients at high risk of re-rupture, may be better suited to operative repair. Minimally Invasive Repair (MIR) of the Achilles tendon has excellent outcome and low complication rates. Traditionally MIR has showed lower repair strength, failing due to suture pull-out from the distal tendon stump. The aim of this study was to describe the outcome of ATR patients who received transosseous distal suture placement using a standard technique as a reference.
Methods:
Following ATR, patients were evaluated for pre-injury activity level, body weight,
location of the tear and size of the distal Achilles tendon stump. Patients considered to be at high-risk of re-rupture: Tegner level ≥8, body weight ≥105Kg and distal ATR, received transosseous (TO) distal suture placement (n=20) rather than the usual transtendinous (TT) technique (n=55). Patient reported outcome measures and functional evaluation was performed at 12 months following repair.
Results:
At 12 months follow up both methods resulted in good median (IQR) Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score TO 83.8 (74-88.3) vs. TT 90 (79-94), low increased relative Achilles Tendon Resting Angle TO -3.5˚ (3.6) vs. TT -3.5˚ (3.3) and mean (SD) Single leg Heel-Rise Height Index TO 88.2% (9.9) vs. TT 85.6% (9.9) (n.s.). There were 4 re-ruptures in the high-risk group and 2 in the group receiving TT distal suture placement. All but one of these were traumatic in nature. The mode of failure following TO distal suture placement was proximal suture pull out.
Conclusions:
The option of TO distal suture placement during minimally invasive Achilles tendon repair for high-risk patients can improve outcomes, however this technique did not prevent re-rupture. There may be factors that have greater influence on outcome other than suture placement following ATR.
Designer Phospholipid Capping Ligands for Soft Metal Halide Nanocrystals
Authors: Morad Viktoriia , Stelmakh Andriy , Svyrydenko Mariia , Feld Leon G. , Boehme Simon C. , Aebli Marcel , Affolter Joel , Kaul Christoph J. , Schrenker Nadine J. , Bals Sara , Sahin Yesim , Dirin Dmitry N. , Cherniukh Ihor , Raino Gabriele , Baumketner Andrij , Kovalenko Maksym V. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The success of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) in science and optoelectronics is inextricable from their surfaces. The functionalization of lead halide perovskite (LHP) NCs1-5 poses a formidable challenge due to their structural lability, unlike the well-established covalent ligand-capping of conventional semiconductor NCs6,7. We posited that the vast and facile molecular engineering of phospholipids as zwitterionic surfactants can deliver highly customized surface chemistries for metal halide NCs. Molecular dynamics simulations inferred that ligand-NC surface affinity is primarily governed by the structure of the zwitterionic headgroup, particularly by the geometric fitness of the anionic and cationic moieties into the surface lattice sites, as corroborated by the NMR and FTIR data. Lattice-matched primary-ammonium phospholipids enhance the structural and colloidal integrity of hybrid organic-inorganic LHPs (FAPbBr3 and MAPbBr3, FA-formamidinium; MA-methylammonium) and lead-free metal halide NCs. The molecular structure of the organic ligand tail governs the long-term colloidal stability and compatibility with solvents of diverse polarity, from hydrocarbons to acetone and alcohols. These NCs exhibit photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) above 96% in solution and solids and minimal PL intermittency at the single particle level with an average ON fraction as high as 94%, as well as bright and high-purity (ca. 95%) single-photon emission.
Stochastic Methods in Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Galić Radoslav , Čajić Elvir , Stojanovic Zvezdan , Galić Dario 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper explores the applications of stochastic methods in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), focusing on their contribution to optimization, learning, and decision-making. By employing stochastic models, we enable AI to effectively handle uncertainty, unpredictability, and data variation. We analyze how stochastic processes can improve the convergence of algorithms in training deep neural networks and optimizing parameters. Additionally, we investigate the applications of stochastic simulations in assessing the performance of machine learning algorithms in real-world conditions.
Through this study, we highlight the key advantages and challenges of stochastic methods in the field of artificial intelligence. Furthermore, we explore how stochastic methods allow artificial intelligence models to better adapt to changing circumstances and unpredictable situations, thereby increasing their robustness and applicability in the real world. We analyze the impact of stochastic elements on decision-making processes, examining how these properties contribute to the adaptability of systems in dynamic environments.
By reviewing relevant studies and experiments, this research provides insight into how stochastic methods contribute to the evolution of artificial intelligence, opening new perspectives for understanding and improving the performance of models in real-world scenarios. This paper contributes to a broader understanding of the role of stochastic processes in the field of artificial intelligence, emphasizing the potential for further development and applications in various domains
High-Performance Fine Defect Detection in Artificial Leather Using Dual Feature Pool Object Detection
Authors: Huang Lin , Li Weisheng , Shen Linlin , Xiao Xue , Xiao Suihan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this study, the structural problems of the YOLOv5 model were analyzed emphatically. Based on the characteristics of fine defects in artificial leather, four innovative structures, namely DFP, IFF, AMP, and EOS, were designed. These advancements led to the proposal of a high-performance artificial leather fine defect detection model named YOLOD. YOLOD demonstrated outstanding performance on the artificial leather defect dataset, achieving an impressive increase of 11.7% - 13.5% in AP50 compared to YOLOv5, along with a significant reduction of 5.2% - 7.2% in the error detection rate. Moreover, YOLOD also exhibited remarkable performance on the general MS-COCO dataset, with an increase of 0.4% - 2.6% in AP compared to YOLOv5, and a rise of 2.5% - 4.1% in APS compared to YOLOv5. These results demonstrate the superiority of YOLOD in both artificial leather defect detection and general object detection tasks, making it a highly efficient and effective model for real-world applications.
Exploring The Role of Thigh Muscle Coordination with Biarticular Muscles for Stable Running
Authors: Asai Hidaka , Noda Tomoyuki , Morimoto Jun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Legged animals including humans appear to efficiently exploit their elastic muscle coordination to achieve stable locomotion. Previous studies have shown that the elasticity of the leg realizes stable locomotion through the simple models comprising a mass and spring, and explained the stability of fundamental dynamics in human locomotion successfully. However, these models are excessively simple for interpreting the role of muscle coordination and implement on real systems. Thus, this study developed an analytical legged model to determine the role of muscle coordination in stabilizing biped running. In particular, we investigated the manner in which the thigh biarticular elastic mechanical elements aid in the stabilization of the torso pitch angle. We propose the torso-thigh muscle coordination (T-Tmc) model. The T-Tmc model was composed of the torso and three-pair of six-muscle structure in the thigh. We empirically showed that the T-Tmc model has the self-stability and generate a stable running without online input design. Further, the stable parameter region of the proposed model was investigated through numerical simulations and we found that the stable regions appear by setting the parameters appropriately. The T-Tmc model suggests how each muscle is coordinated in human locomotion.
Analysis of Horizontal Gas-liquid Intermittent Flow Sub-Regimes Transitions: Physical Mechanisms and Flow Maps
Authors: Arabi Abderraouf , salhi Yacine , Zenati Youcef , Si-Ahmed El-Khider , Legrand Jack 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
These recent years, several experimental investigations were carried out on horizontal gas-liquid two-phase flow by considering the sub-regimes which are plug, Less Aerated Slug (LAS) and Highly Aerated Slug (HAS) flows. These sub-regimes classification is based on the shape of the elongated bubble/liquid slug interface as well as the aeration within liquid slugs. In this work, an extensive experimental visualization was performed using air-water mixture in a 30 mm ID horizontal pipe. The study has covered a total of 189 operating conditions. It was reported, for the first time, that each sub-regime had a specific mechanism for aeration of the liquid slug flow. the presence of gas bubbles within liquid slugs, in the case of plug flow, is due to the interfacial shear induced waves mechanism. The transitions to LAS and HAS flows are accompanied by the appearance of the shearing-off and scooping of the bubbles present in the liquid film into liquid slug mechanisms, respectively. In addition, the reported flow transition lines, as well those existing in the literature, were analyzed using different existing coordinate systems. This analysis allowed finding that the X-T system is the most suitable one for predicting the three flow sub-regimes.
Factors Influencing Climate-Smart Agriculture Practices Adoption and Crop Productivity among Smallholder Farmers in Nyimba District, Zambia
Authors: Chavula Petros , Shepande Chizumba , Feyissa Samuel , Sileshi Million 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The environmental, economic, and social implications of climate change are anticipated to have a significant impact on smallholder farmers, whose way of life is heavily reliant on the environment. This study evaluates factors influencing the adoption of climate-smart agriculture practices and crop productivity among smallholder farmers in Nyimba District, Zambia. Data was collected from 194 smallholder farmers' households from June to July 2022 in twelve villages placed in four agricultural camps of Nyimba District. Four focus group discussions were also conducted to supplement data collected from the household interviews. A logistic regression model was used in this study to assess the determinants of crop production and the adoption of climate-smart agriculture in response to changes in climate and climate variations. Propensity score matching was also performed to assess the impacts of climate-smart agriculture adoption among adopters and non-adopter farming households' crop yields in the study area.
Results
Results from the study logit regression model indicate that the smallholder farmer’s level of education, household size, fertilizer usage, age of household head, gender, farming experience, livestock ownership, annual income, farm size, marital status of household head, and access to climate information, all affect smallholder farmers’ household’s climate-smart agriculture practices adoption and crop productivity. The study propensity scores matching analysis found that crop yield for smallholder farmers’ climate-smart agricultural practices adopters was 20.20% higher than for non-adopters. The analysis also found that implementing climate-smart agriculture practices in the study area increases maize yield for smallholder farmers adopters by 21.50% higher than non-adopters.
Conclusion
This study provides direction for policymakers to strengthen farmers' adaptation strategies to climate change and guide policies through the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices. However, these practices and efforts are capable of lessening the adverse effects of changes in climate and improving agriculture production.
Exploring the Cell Wall and Secretory Proteins of Mycobacterium leprae
as Biomarkers
Authors: Singh Sakshi , Sharma Devesh , Gautam Sakshi , Arora Mamta , Bisht Deepa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
The bacterial cell wall is composed of a wide variety of intricate proteins in addition to
lipids, glycolipids, and polymers. Given the diversity of cell wall proteins among bacterial species,
they are a feasible target for biomarker identification and characterization in clinical research
and diagnosis of the disease. The slow growth rate of Mycobacterium leprae poses a major hurdle
in the accurate diagnosis of leprosy before the onset of peripheral neuropathy. The use of biomarker-
based diagnostic methods can help in preventing the spread and manifestation of leprosy. Despite
many advances in research methods and techniques, there remains a knowledge gap regarding
the cell wall proteomes of M. leprae that can be used as biomarkers. The cell wall and secretory
proteins of M. leprae are the major focus of this review article. This article enfolds the characteristics
and functions of M. leprae cell wall proteins and gives an insight into those cell wall proteins
that are yet to be established as biomarkers. Tools and techniques used in cell wall extraction
and biomarker identification can also be explored in this article.
Integrated Network Pharmacology and In-silico Approaches to Decipher the Pharmacological Mechanism of Dioscorea septemloba Thunb in Treating Gout and Its Complications
Authors: Liu Wen-Bin , Dai Jie , Chen Xuan , Du Ning , Hu Jian 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Dioscorea septemloba Thunb. (DST) has demonstrated therapeutic potential
in the treatment of gout and its associated complications. However, the underlying mechanisms
of DST’s pharmacological activity remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the
pharmacological substances and network regulatory mechanisms of DST in treating gout and its
complications using network pharmacology.

Methods:
According to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid
quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS) data and Lipinski’s
rule of five, 24 bioactive phytochemicals from DST were identified. The targets of gout were retrieved
from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), GeneCards, and DisGeNET databases, followed
by gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG pathway)
enrichment analysis. The Cytoscape network analysis was used to identify the primary
pathological pathways and key targets. Finally, LeDock was used for molecular docking to verify
the active components of DST and their core target proteins.

Results:
DST contains several core active ingredients, such as tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-
2,5-dione, diosgenin, beta-sitosterol, dioscorol B, montroumarin and 9,10-dihydro-5,7-
dimethoxy-3,4-phenanthrenediol. Moreover, these active components were found to strongly
bind to the key targets for treating gout and its complications, including HSP90AA1, STAT3,
PTGS2, PPARG, MTOR, HIF1A, MMP9, ESR1, and TLR4. As a result, DST alleviates gout
and its complications by inhibiting xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) to reduce uric acid levels and
regulating the HIF-1α, EZH2/STAT3, and COX-2/PPAR-γ pathways to reduce inflammation.
Additionally, it also plays an analgesic role by regulating the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction
pathway and calcium ion signaling pathway.

Conclusion:
This study has provided insights into the underlying mechanisms of DST in the
treatment of gout and its complications, which could serve as a scientific foundation for its clinical
translation.