bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric low-grade glioma: State-of-the-art and ongoing challenges
Authors: Fangusaro Jason , Jones David T , Packer Roger J , Gutmann David H , Milde Till , Witt Olaf , Mueller Sabine , Fisher Michael J , Hansford Jordan R , Tabori Uri , Hargrave Darren , Bandopadhayay Pratiti 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The most common childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumor is pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG), representing 30%–40% of all CNS tumors in children. Although there is high associated morbidity, tumor-related mortality is relatively rare. pLGG is now conceptualized as a chronic disease, underscoring the importance of functional outcomes and quality-of-life measures. A wealth of data has emerged about these tumors, including a better understanding of their natural history and their molecular drivers, paving the way for the use of targeted inhibitors. While these treatments have heralded tremendous promise, challenges remain about how to best optimize their use, and the long-term toxicities associated with these inhibitors remain unknown. The International Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma Coalition (iPLGGc) is a global group of physicians and scientists with expertise in pLGG focused on addressing key pLGG issues. Here, the iPLGGc provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art in pLGG, including epidemiology, histology, molecular landscape, treatment paradigms, survival outcomes, functional outcomes, imaging response, and ongoing challenges. This paper also serves as an introduction to 3 other pLGG manuscripts on (1) pLGG preclinical models, (2) consensus framework for conducting early-phase clinical trials in pLGG, and (3) pLGG resistance, rebound, and recurrence.
Women’s Education and Improved Infant and Child Survival
Authors: Jejeebhoy Shireen J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The inverse relationship of women’s education to infant and child mortality is well established in all regions of the developing world. Even a small amount of education leads to improvements in child survival and well-being. Moreover, in most studies, a woman’s education has a stronger net effect on child survival than does either the household’s economic status or her husband’s characteristics. The differentials between women with some secondary education and those with no education tend to be wider and threshold levels lower in higher income, higher literacy, and more egalitarian (in terms of literacy) settings. The literature speculates that the main reasons underlying the inverse relationship have to do with educated women’s greater propensity to care for their children, to use modem health facilities, and to adopt modem health practices. This is not necessarily the result of their greater knowledge of disease causation; rather, it appears to result from their enhanced awareness of good health practices, their greater confidence about dealing with their environments, and their greater ability to make and implement independent decisions on children’s well-being.
Summary and Conclusions
Authors: Jejeebhoy Shireen J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This review of literature has borne out the indisputable impact of education on women’s lives. More specifically, this review has offered unambiguous, although qualified, support for the widely held belief that fertility reduction is one consequence of improvements in female education and consequent changes in women’s autonomy. Support is unambiguous because in almost every known social setting, regardless of region, culture, or level of development, the best educated women bear fewer children than uneducated women do. Also, in almost every setting where it has been studied, the impact of female education on fertility is genuine; it cannot be explained by the fact that educated women marry better educated men or come from wealthier households.
Comparative efficacy and safety of bimekizumab in axial spondyloarthritis: a systematic literature review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Deodhar Atul , Machado Pedro M , Mørup Michael , Taieb Vanessa , Willems Damon , Orme Michelle , Pritchett David , Gensler Lianne S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To compare the efficacy and safety of bimekizumab 160 mg every 4 weeks, a selective inhibitor of IL-17F and IL-17A, with those of biologic/targeted synthetic DMARDs (b/tsDMARDs) in non-radiographic axial SpA (nr-axSpA) and AS.

Methods
A systematic literature review identified randomized controlled trials until January 2023 for inclusion in Bayesian network meta-analyses (NMAs), including three b/tsDMARDs exposure networks: predominantly-naïve, naïve, and experienced. Outcomes were Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS)20, ASAS40 and ASAS partial remission (PR) response rates at 12–16 weeks. A safety NMA investigated discontinuations due to any reason and serious adverse events at 12–16 weeks.

Results
The NMA included 36 trials. The predominantly-naïve network provided the most comprehensive results. In the predominantly-naïve nr-axSpA analysis, bimekizumab had significantly higher ASAS20 response rates vs secukinumab 150 mg [with loading dose (LD)/without LD], and comparable response rates vs other active comparators. In the predominantly-naïve AS analysis, bimekizumab had significantly higher ASAS40 response rates vs secukinumab 150 mg (without LD), significantly higher ASAS-PR response rates vs secukinumab 150 mg (with LD) and comparable response rates vs other active comparators. Bimekizumab demonstrated similar safety to that of other b/tsDMARDs.

Conclusion
Across ASAS outcomes, bimekizumab was comparable with most b/tsDMARDs, including ixekizumab, TNF inhibitors and upadacitinib, and achieved higher response rates vs secukinumab for some ASAS outcomes in predominantly b/tsDMARD-naïve nr-axSpA and AS patients at 12–16 weeks. In a pooled axSpA network, bimekizumab demonstrated comparable safety vs other b/tsDMARDs.
Effect of SARS-CoV2 infection on disease flares in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case–control study
Authors: Mok Chi Chiu , Cheung Chris Ching Lam , Chan Kar Li , Tse Sau Mei , To Chi Hung 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To study the effect of SARS-CoV2 infection on flares of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods
Patients who fulfilled the ACR/SLICC criteria for SLE and had documented COVID-19 between February and November 2022 were identified retrospectively from our hospital COVID-19 registry. SLE controls who did not have SARS-CoV2 infection were randomly matched for age, sex and the time of infection in a 2:1 ratio with those infected. The primary outcome of interest was clinical flare of SLE within 90 days of COVID-19. The rate of SLE flares (mild/moderate or severe) was compared between SARS-CoV2-infected SLE patients and controls.

Results
Ninety-one SLE patients with COVID-19 (age 48.6 (14.0) years; 95.6% women) and 182 SLE controls (age 48.7 (13.8) years; 95.6% women) were studied. Eleven of 91 (12.1%) SARS-CoV2-infected patients had serious manifestations. One (1.1%) patient died and 7 (7.7%) developed severe complications. Within 90 days of SARS-CoV2 infection, 14 (15.4%) patients developed mild/moderate clinical SLE flares and two (2.2%) patients had severe SLE flares. The incidence of SLE flares in SARS-CoV2-infected patients was significantly higher than in those without the infection (17.6% vs 5.5%; odds ratio 3.67 [95% CI: 1.59, 8.46]; P = 0.001). The changes in anti-dsDNA and complement levels, however, were not significantly different between the two groups. Among SARS-CoV2-infected SLE patients, those with clinical SLE flares had significantly lower C3 values (P = 0.004) before the infection than those without.

Conclusion
Clinical flares within 90 days were significantly more common in SLE patients infected with SARS-CoV2 than matched non-infected SLE controls.
Barriers and Facilitators of Center-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Utilization in South Asian Ethnic Minorities
Authors: Inayat Shahzad , Hayden K. Alix , Campbell Tavis , Shier Kathryn King 
Published: November 2023

Aim:
The aim of this review was to synthesize literature on the perceptions of South Asian ethnic minorities of the barriers and facilitators to center-based, phase II cardiac rehabilitation (CR).

Methods:
A meta-synthesis approach was used, and findings were reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was conducted from database inception dates to July 2022 using the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, APA PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria were studies that examined the barriers and/or facilitators of structured center-based CR among South Asian adult ethnic minorities. Critical appraisal of the included studies was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Findings were synthesized using a thematic synthesis approach.

Results:
Among the 7110 records initially retrieved only nine studies conducted in the United Kingdom or Canada met the inclusion criteria. More barriers than facilitators were studied and reported. Key barriers were the English language difficulty, fatalistic beliefs, previous bad interactions with and negative perception of health care professionals, transportation problems, work schedule conflict, safety issues, and long-distance CR centers. The facilitators included patient-preferred environment, presence of family members during exercise, family and friends support, and encouragement to change lifestyle and enroll in a CR program.

Conclusion:
The review findings revealed that South Asian ethnic minorities encounter various barriers and facilitators to enroll and complete CR. The findings can inform researchers and clinicians in the development of interventions that are tailored to their cultural needs.

Practice Implications:
The findings can be valuable to health care professionals and policy makers in designing customized CR programs for South Asian minorities.
Physiological Responses and Performance of Simulated High-Rise Firefighting
Authors: Stevenson Richard Daniel Mark , Warwick Joseph , Bilzon James Lee John 
Published: November 2023

Objective
The aim of the study is to determine the physiological effects of breathing apparatus and ascent strategies during a simulated 120-m vertical high-rise firefighting ascent.

Methods
Twenty-eight firefighters completed four high-rise firefighting trials wearing standard- or extended-duration breathing apparatus with continuous ascent (SDBA-C/EDBA-C) or with breaks (SDBA-B/EDBA-B). Task time, heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, core body temperature, and thermal comfort were recorded at predetermined elevations.

Results
Task time took significantly longer during the EDBA-C compared with SDBA-C trial. Heart rate (at 40, 80, and 100 m) was significantly lower in trials following breaks compared with the continuous trials. Core body temperature rose by 0.11°C every 10 m of ascent. During the SDBA trials, 89% to 96% of firefighters activated their low air alarm compared with only 7% in EDBA.

Conclusions
Firefighters should wear EDBA beyond 80 m of ascent and are encouraged to take regular breaks.
Assessing the efficacy and safety of Craniosacral therapy for migraine: A single center randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jiang Guangya , Ma Saichao , Zhao Jinfeng , Zhang Ming , Li Yan , Chen Wenli , Cui Lin , Jia Liuyun 
Published: November 2023

Objective:
Design a feasible study to assess the efficacy and safety of Craniosacral therapy (CST) in the treatment of migraine, using a rigorous and innovative randomized controlled study design involving complementary light-touch sham treatments (CLST) as an attention control intervention.

Methods:
This was a single-center, randomized, cross-over placebo-controlled experimental design. A total of 87 participants who suffered migraine attacks from 4 to 9 per month were randomly assigned into either 2 weekly units of CST or CLST for 4 weeks. And then the 2 groups were crossed and continued treatment for 4 weeks plus a follow-up observation for 4 weeks. As the primary outcome measures, Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) and headache frequency were assessed every 4 weeks (at baseline, week 4, week 8 and week 12). The secondary outcome was the scores of Headache Disability inventory (HDI) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) as well as the adverse events.

Results:
All 87 individuals had been screened for eligibility, of which 60 were licensed for the study. The difference of HIT-6 and headache frequency between the 2 groups was not significant at the baseline. But the headache frequency and HIT-6 of 2 groups were all declined respectively after the CST at week 4 (group A) and week 8 (group B) than before (P
☆= 0.01 < 0.05, 95% CI, −3.06 to −1.87; P
※= 0.01 < 0.05, 95% CI, −3.52 to −2.53; P
1A = 0.01 < 0.05, 95% CI, 4.55–11.7; P
2B = 0.01 < 0.05, 95% CI, −11.78 to −6.01) while the changes were not obvious after CLST with previous treatment. The scores and frequency of fourth evaluation showed that there was no significant increase or decrease in both the 2 groups. Besides, we found that the mean scores of HIT-6 for all participants, compared with the baseline, were decreased significantly after the 3 round treatments (P
3A = 0.01 < 0.05, 95% CI, −13.12 to −6.4; P
3B = 0.01 < 0.05, CI, −12.73 to −6.69). We also showed the similar result in the scores of HDI and HAMA.

Conclusion:
The results indicated that standardized CST was both effective and safe in alleviating the migraine intensity and frequency as well as the headache-related disability. Further larger research is needed.
Machine Learning–Based Magnetic Resonance Radiomics Analysis for Predicting Low- and High-Grade Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sim Ki Choon , Han Na Yeon , Cho Yongwon , Sung Deuk Jae , Park Beom Jin , Kim Min Ju , Han Yeo Eun 
Published: November 2023

Purpose
To explore whether high- and low-grade clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) can be distinguished using radiomics features extracted from magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods
In this retrospective study, 154 patients with pathologically proven clear ccRCC underwent contrast-enhanced 3 T magnetic resonance imaging and were assigned to the development (n = 122) and test (n = 32) cohorts in a temporal-split setup. A total of 834 radiomics features were extracted from whole-tumor volumes using 3 sequences: T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging. A random forest regressor was used to extract important radiomics features that were subsequently used for model development using the random forest algorithm. Tumor size, apparent diffusion coefficient value, and percentage of tumor-to-renal parenchymal signal intensity drop in the tumors were recorded by 2 radiologists for quantitative analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was generated to predict ccRCC grade.

Results
In the development cohort, the T2WI-based radiomics model demonstrated the highest performance (AUC, 0.82). The T2WI-based radiomics and radiologic feature hybrid model showed AUCs of 0.79 and 0.83, respectively. In the test cohort, the T2WI-based radiomics model achieved an AUC of 0.82. The range of AUCs of the hybrid model of T2WI-based radiomics and radiologic features was 0.73 to 0.80.

Conclusion
Magnetic resonance imaging–based classifier models using radiomics features and machine learning showed satisfactory diagnostic performance in distinguishing between high- and low-grade ccRCC, thereby serving as a helpful noninvasive tool for predicting ccRCC grade.
Diagnostic Approaches to Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of Unknown Primary Site
Authors: Daoud Taher , Morani Ajaykumar C. , Waters Rebecca , Bhosale Priya , Virarkar Mayur K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are relatively uncommon heterogeneous neoplasms arising from endocrine and neuronal origin cells showing highly variable clinical behavior. By the time these tumors are discovered, up to 14% of patients with histologically proven NETs have metastasis, with the liver as the most frequently affected organ. Sometimes, no known primary site can be identified via routine imaging. Neuroendocrine tumors of unknown origin carry a poorer prognosis (compared with metastatic NETs with a known primary site) because of a lack of tailored surgical intervention and appropriate medical therapy (eg, chemotherapy or targeted therapy). A multimethod approach is frequently used in the trial to accurately determine the primary site for NETs of unknown primary sites and may include clinical, laboratory, radiological, histopathological, and surgical data. New molecular techniques using the genomic approach to identify the molecular signature have shown promising results. Various imaging modalities include ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), dual-energy CT, magnetic resonance imaging, and functional and hybrid imaging (positron emission tomography/CT, positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging); somatostatin receptor imaging with new tracers is frequently used in an attempt for localization of the primary site.
Resurfacing of Sleeve-Like Circumferential Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevi on the Upper Extremity With Pre-Expanded Pedicled Flap
Authors: Li Jie , Yang Xiaoning , Ma Jiguang 
Published: November 2023

As the relative shortage of healthy tissue obviates the option of local soft tissue coverage, reconstruction of circumferential giant congenital melanocytic nevi (GCMN) on the upper extremity remains particularly challenging. Here the authors report a 3-stage procedure involving pre-expanded pedicled flap from the torso for the reconstruction of upper extremity after circumferential GCMN excision in pediatric patients. The giant nevus was completely removed and the size of the excised nevus was 31 × 14.5 cm. The donor site was primarily closed. No major complication was encountered. Reconstruction with expanded pedicled flap achieved satisfactory results, both functionally and cosmetically.
Tolerability and Acceptability of Autonomous Immersive Virtual Reality Incorporating Digital Twin Technology for Mass Training in Healthcare
Authors: Zackoff Matthew W. , Davis David , Rios Michele , Sahay Rashmi D. , Zhang Bin , Anderson Ian , NeCamp Matthew , Rogue Ingrid , Boyd Stephanie , Gardner Aimee , Geis Gary L. , Moore Ryan A. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction
As part of onboarding and systems testing for a clinical expansion, immersive virtual reality (VR) incorporating digital twin technology was used. While digital twin technology has been leveraged by industry, its use in health care has been limited with no prior application for onboarding or training. The tolerability and acceptability of immersive VR for use by a large population of healthcare staff were unknown.

Methods
A prospective, observational study of an autonomous immersive VR onboarding experience to a new clinical space was conducted from May to September 2021. Participants were healthcare staff from several critical care and acute care units. Primary outcomes were tolerance and acceptability measured by reported adverse effects and degree of immersion. Secondary outcomes were attitudes toward the efficacy of VR compared with standard onboarding experiences.

Results
A total of 1522 healthcare staff participated. Rates of adverse effects were low and those with prior VR experience were more likely to report no adverse effects. Odds of reporting immersion were high across all demographic groups, though decreased with increasing age. The preference for VR over low-fidelity methods was high across all demographics; however, preferences were mixed when compared with traditional simulation and real-time clinical care.

Conclusions
Large-scale VR onboarding is feasible, tolerable, and acceptable to a diverse population of healthcare staff when using digital twin technology. This study also represents the largest VR onboarding experience to date and may address preconceived notions that VR-based training in health care is not ready for widespread adoption.
An optimized protocol for the creation of constructs expressing sodium channel subunits to be used in functional studies of genetic epilepsies
Authors: Lindo-Samanamud Saúl , Canto Amanda M. do , Torres Fabio R. , Gonsales Marina C. , Godoi Alexandre B. , da Rosa Douglas C. , Vieira André S. , Lopes-Cendes Iscia 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe aim to develop a method for cloning highly unstable plasmids encoding sodium channel subunits expressed in the brain.MethodNEB Stable competent cells (NSCC) were transformed with the native plasmid. After purification, plasmids with the expected profile of enzymatic digestion were sequenced. Finally, mutant linear plasmids (MLP) created by site-directed mutagenesis were used to transform NSCC.ResultsWe found that choosing a suitable host for transformation and subcloning, the controlled temperature during cell growth, and a small volume of Luria Bertani (LB) medium allowed the generation of plasmids without undesirable mutations or structural alterations.Comparison with existing methodAt present, there is little information on a detailed method for cloning plasmids carrying the SCN1A gene. Using the method proposed here, we observed increased cell growth and precision in the sequence of the obtained plasmids.ConclusionWe have developed an optimized strategy for replicating unstable plasmids using NSCC with an appropriate volume of culture medium and an adequate temperature in the cloning and subcloning phases. We have also demonstrated how to create the desired plasmid constructs by using site-directed mutagenesis. We expect that our protocol will assist investigators interested in functional studies of sodium channels expressed in the brain.
Keeping FIT: Iron-mediated post-transcriptional regulation inToxoplasma gondii
Authors: Sloan Megan A. , Scott Adam , Harding Clare R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIron is required to support almost all life; however, levels must be carefully regulated to maintain homeostasis. Although the obligate parasiteToxoplasma gondiirequires iron, how it responds when iron becomes limiting has not been investigated. Here, we show that iron depletion triggers significant transcriptional changes in the parasite, including in pathways that require iron. Interestingly, we find that a subset ofT. gondiitranscripts contain stem-loop structures which have been associated with post-transcriptional iron-mediated regulation in other cellular systems. We validate one of these (found in the 3’ UTR of TGME49_261720) using a reporter cell line. We show that the presence of the stem-loop containing UTR is sufficient to confer accumulation at the transcript and protein levels under low iron. We show that this response is dose and time-dependent and is specific for iron. Using immunoprecipitation, we show that the metabolic enzyme aconitase is capable of binding to mRNA, includingfit, and that the presence of thefitUTR leads to stabilisation of the transcript under low iron conditions. These results demonstrate the existence of iron-mediated post-transcriptional regulation inToxoplasmafor the first time, and show that the metabolic enzyme aconitase may have an additional role as an RNA-binding protein.