bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quasar Astrophysics with the Space Interferometry Mission
Authors: Unwin S. C. , Wehrle A. E. , Jones D. L. , Meier D. L. , Piner B. G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPrecision optical astrometry of quasars and active galaxies can provide important insight into the spatial distribution and variability of emission in compact nuclei. SIM — the Space Interferometry Mission — will be the first optical interferometer capable of precision astrometry on quasars. Although it is not expected to resolve the emission, it will be very sensitive to astrometric shifts, for objects as faint as R magnitude 20. In its wide-angle mode, SIM will yield 4 microarcsecond absolute positions, and proper motions to about 2 microarcsecond/yr. A variety of AGN phenomena are expected to be visible to SIM on these scales, including time and spectral dependence in position offsets between accretion disk and jet emission. SIM should be able to answer the following questions. Does the most compact optical emission from an AGN come from an accretion disk or from a relativistic jet? Do the relative positions of the radio core and optical photocentre of quasars used for the reference frame tie change on the timescales of their photometric variability? Do the cores of galaxies harbour binary supermassive black holes remaining from galaxy mergers? In this paper we briefly describe the operation of SIM and the quasar measurements it will make. We estimate the size of the astrometric signatures which may be expected, and we discuss prospects for using astrometry as a fundamental tool for understanding quasar nuclei.
The Chemical Yields Produced by Zero Metal Massive Stars
Authors: Limongi Marco , Chieffi Alessandro 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this review we compare the three existing sets of theoretical yields of zero metal massive stars available in the literature. We also show how each of these three different sets of yields fits the element abundance ratios observed in the extremely metal poor star CD 38°245. We find that, at present, no theoretical set of yields of zero metal massive stars is able to satisfactorily reproduce the elemental ratios [X/Fe] of this star.
Polarisation Characteristics and Variability of the Compact Radio Structures of AGN
Authors: Gabuzda Denise C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractVery long baseline interferometry (VLBI) polarisation measurements provide information about the parsec-scale magnetic field structures in compact active galactic nuclei (AGN), as well as the densities of relativistic and thermal electrons in the radio emitting regions. This paper reviews the role of polarisation VLBI in studies of AGN variability on both relatively long and short (intraday) timescales.
Variability Constraints on Blazar Magnetic Fields
Authors: Baring Matthew G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSynchrotron self-Compton (SSC), external Compton, and hadronic models of blazar emission all invoke particle acceleration at relativistic shocks as the dissipation mechanism seeding their non-thermal X-ray and gamma-ray emission. Studies of diffusive acceleration at such relativistic shocks are more sparse than those pertaining to their non-relativistic counterparts. This paper presents acceleration time results from the theory of relativistic shock acceleration that are pertinent to AGN observations. This temporal information interfaces critically with the observed rapid variability of blazars. Very recent theoretical results are presented, where it is determined that acceleration times can never become arbitrarily short in relativistic shocks, but are dominated by diffusion in the downstream region and couple to the particle's gyroperiod. This fundamental bound links to the variability timescale to generate a firm lower bound to the environmental magnetic field of blazars such as Mrk 421. Consistency of such a bound with SSC spectral models and flare decay times is discussed.
The Role of Interstellar Scintillation in Intraday Variations at Centimetre Wavelengths
Authors: Rickett Barney 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe evidence in support of interstellar scintillation as the predominant cause of intraday variations at centimetre wavelengths is reviewed. A new evaluation of the highest brightness temperature implied for AGN is found to be consistent with the Doppler factors in typical jet models, but requires the scattering to occur within about 30 pc of the Earth.
A Role for Immune Complexes in Enhanced Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease
Authors: Polack Fernando P. , Teng Michael N. , L.Collins Peter , Prince Gregory A. , Exner Marcus , Regele Heinz , Lirman Dario D. , Rabold Richard , Hoffman Scott J. , Karp Christopher L. , Kleeberger Steven R. , Wills-Karp Marsha , Karron Ruth A. 
Published: September 2002

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and viral pneumonia in infants and young children. Administration of a formalin inactivated vaccine against RSV to children in the 1960s resulted in increased morbidity and mortality in vaccine recipients who subsequently contracted RSV. This incident precluded development of subunit RSV vaccines for infants for over 30 years, because the mechanism of illness was never clarified. An RSV vaccine for infants is still not available.
Here, we demonstrate that enhanced RSV disease is mediated by immune complexes and abrogated in complement component C3 and B cell–deficient mice but not in controls. Further, we show correlation with the enhanced disease observed in children by providing evidence of complement activation in postmortem lung sections from children with enhanced RSV disease.
Fluoroquinolone-Resistant
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Strains Occur Frequently in Elderly Patients in Japan
Authors: Yokota Shin-ichi , Sato Kiyoshi , Kuwahara Osamu , Habadera Satoshi , Tsukamoto Naoyuki , Ohuchi Hironori , Akizawa Hirotsugu , Himi Tetsuo , Fujii Nobuhiro 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT

We identified and genetically characterized seven fluoroquinolone-resistant
Streptococcus pneumoniae
strains among 293 clinical strains isolated from 1999 to 2001 in Japan. The resistant strains were isolated only from adults, and 7 of 31 isolates (22.6%) were from patients more than 20 years old. Resistant strains were not found in 262 isolates from children under age 10.
Uniformly convergent schemes for singularly perturbed differential equations based on collocation methods
Authors: Konate Dialla 
Published: September 2002

It is well known that a polynomial‐based approximation scheme
applied to a singularly perturbed equation is not uniformly
convergent over the geometric domain of study. Such scheme results
in a numerical solution, say σ which suffers from severe
inaccuracies particularly in the boundary layer. What we say in the
current paper is this: when one uses a grid which is not “too
coarse” the resulted solution, even being nonuniformly convergent
may be used in an iterated scheme to get a “good” approximation
solution that is uniformly convergent over the whole geometric
domain of study.In this paper, we use the collocation method as model of
polynomial approximation. We start from a precise localization of
the boundary layer then we decompose the domain of study, say
Ω into the boundary layer, say Ωϵ and its
complementary Ω0. Next we go to the heart of our work
which is to make a repeated use of the collocation method. We show
that the second generation of polynomial approximation is
convergent and it yields an improved error bound compared to those
usually appearing in the literature.
Banach‐Mackey, locally complete spaces, and ℓp,q‐summability
Authors: Bosch Carlos , García Armando 
Published: September 2002

We defined the ℓp,q‐summability property and study the
relations between the ℓp,q‐summability property,
the Banach‐Mackey spaces and the locally complete spaces.We prove that, for c0‐quasibarrelled spaces, Banach‐Mackey and locally complete are equivalent. Last section is devoted to the
study of CS‐closed sets introduced by Jameson and Kakol.
Translation planes of odd order and odd dimension
Authors: Ostrom T. G. 
Published: September 2002

The author considers one of the main problems in finite translation planes to be the identification of the abstract groups which can act as collineation groups and how those groups can act.The paper is concerned with the case where the plane is defined on a vector space of dimension 2d over GF(q), where q and d are odd. If the stabilizer of the zero vector is non‐solvable, let G0 be a minimal normal non‐solvable subgroup. We suspect that G0 must be isomorphic to some SL(2, u) or homomorphic to A6 or A7. Our main result is that this is the case when d is the product of distinct primes.The results depend heavily on the Gorenstein‐Walter determination of finite groups having dihedral Sylow 2‐groups when d and q are both odd. The methods and results overlap those in a joint paper by Kallaher and the author which is to appear in Geometriae Dedicata. The only known example (besides Desarguesian planes) is Hering′s plane of order 27 (i.e., d and q are both equal to 3) which admits SL(2, 13).
Smoothness properties of functions in R2(x) at certain boundary points
Authors: Wolf Edwin 
Published: September 2002

Let X be a compact subset of the complex plane ℂ. We denote by R0(X) the algebra consisting of the (restrictions to X of) rational functions with poles off X. Let m denote 2‐dimensional Lebesgue measure. For p ≥ 1, let Rp(X) be the closure of R0(X) in Lp(X, dm).In this paper, we consider the case p = 2. Let xϵ∂X be both a bounded point evaluation for R2(X) and the vertex of a sector contained in IntX. Let L be a line which passes through x and bisects the sector. For those yϵL∩X that are sufficiently near x we prove statements about |f(y) − f(x)| for all fϵR2(X).
A special relativistic heat engine
Authors: Cariens William S. 
Published: September 2002

This paper offers a marriage of concepts from both classsical thermodynamics and special relativity, thus forming a new part of modern thermodynamics. The
main concepts taken from themodynamics and special relativity are those of a heat engine and E = mc2 respectively. Central to understanding the operation of this relativistic heat engine is the fact that upon heating a mass, its rest mass increases! This concept is nonexistent in classical thermodynamics. An increase in rest mass means that both the internal energy of a mass and its macroscopic kinetic energy increase!!!Thus, it is seen that special relativity provides a way to upgrade immediately part of a low form of energy, heat, into a high quality energy, macroscopic kinetic energy. This was the genesis of this engine.Here is the engine′s operation: Accelerate a mass to a high speed. At that speed add heat from a comoving heat reservoir, thus increasing the kinetic energy of the mass. After heating, slow the “heavier” mass down to its initial speed. More work is seen to be produced during the last process than was absorbed during acceleration. Next, cool the mass to complete the cycle.The efficiency of this engine is derived, and seen to be analogous to the corresponding Carnot equation.
Another note on almost continous mappings and Baire spaces
Authors: Tong Jingcheng 
Published: September 2002

The following result is proved:Let Y be a second countable, infinite topological space with an ascending chain of regular open sets. Then a topological space X is a Baire space if and only if every mapping f : X → Y is almost continuous on a dense subset of X.It is another improvement of a theorem of Lin and Lin [2].
A monotone path in an edge‐ordered graph
Authors: Bialostocki A. , Roditty Y. 
Published: September 2002

An edge‐ordered graph is an ordered pair (G, f), where G is a graph and f is a bijective function, f : E(G) → {1, 2, …, |E(G)|}. A monotone path of length k in (G, f) is a simple path Pk+1 : v1v2 … vk+1 in G such that either f({vi, vi+1}) < f({vi+1, vi+2}) or f({vi, vi+1}) > f({vi+1, vi}) for i = 1, 2, …, k − 1.It is proved that a graph G has the property that (G, f) contains a monotone path of length three for every f iff G contains as a subgraph, an odd cycle of length at least five or one of six listed graphs.
On some classes of analytic functions
Authors: Noor Khalida I. , Madifer Haila 
Published: September 2002

Let m1, m2 be any numbers and let be the class of functions of analytic in the unit disc E = {z : |z| < 1} for which

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm671962:ijmm671962-math-0002

where S1 and S2 are analytic in E with . Moulis [1] gave a sufficient condition and a necessary condition on parameters m1 and m2 for the class to consist of univalent functions if S1 and S2 are taken to be convex univalent functions in E. In fact he proved that if where S1 and S2 are convex and , , 2|m1 + m2| ≤ 1, then f is univalent in E.In this paper we consider the class in more general way and show that it contains the class of functions with bounded boundary rotation and many other classes related with it. Some coefficient results, arclength problem, radius of convexity and other problems are proved for certain cases. Our results generalize many previously known ones.
Second order parallel tensor in real and complex space forms
Authors: Sharma Ramesh 
Published: September 2002

Levy′s theorem ‘A second order parallel symmetric non‐singular tensor
in a real space form is proportional to the metric tensor’ has been generalized by
showing that it holds even if one assumes the second order tensor to be parallel
(not necessarily symmetric and non‐singular) in a real space form of dimension
greater than two. Analogous result has been established for a complex space form.It has been shown that an affine Killing vector field in a non‐flat complex space
form is Killing and analytic.
Mackey convergence and quasi‐sequentially webbed spaces
Authors: Gilsdorf Thomas E. 
Published: September 2002

The problem of characterizing those locally convex spaces satisfying the Mackey
convergence condition is still open. Recently in [4], a partial description was given using
compatible webs. In this paper, those results are extended by using quasi‐sequentially webbed
spaces (see Definition 1). In particular, it is shown that strictly barrelled spaces satisfy the Mackey
convergence condition and that they are properly contained in the set of quasi‐sequentially webbed
spaces. A related problem is that of characterizing those locally convex spaces satisfying the so‐called
fast convergence condition. A partial solution to this problem is obtained. Several
examples are given.Corrigendum to
“Mackey convergence and quasi-sequentially webbed spaces”dx.doi.org/10.1155/S0161171291000820
A majorant problem
Authors: Peretz Ronen 
Published: September 2002

Let , a0 ≠ 0 be analytic in the unit disc. Any infinite complex vector θ = (θ0, θ1, θ2, …) such that |θk| = 1, k = 0, 1, 2, …, induces a function which is still analytic in the unit disc.In this paper we study the problem of maximizing the p‐means:

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm720382:ijmm720382-math-0003

over all possible vectors θ and for values of r close to 0 and for all p < 2.It is proved that a maximizing function is and that r could be taken to be any positive number which is smaller than the radius of the largest disc centered at the origin which can be inscribed in the zero sets of f1. This problem is originated by a well known majorant problem for Fourier coefficients that was studied by Hardy and Littlewood.One consequence of our paper is that for p < 2 the extremal function for the Hardy‐Littlewood problem should be .We also give some applications to derive some sharp inequalities for the classes of Schlicht functions and of functions of positive real part.
On a single‐server queue with fixed accumulation level, state dependent service, and semi‐Markov modulated input flow
Authors: Dshalalow Jewgeni H. , Russell Gary 
Published: September 2002

The authors study the queueing process in a single‐server queueing system with state dependent service and with the input modulated by a semi‐Markov process embedded in the queueing process. It is also assumed that the server capacity is r ≥ 1 and that any service act will not begin until the queue accumulates at least r units. In this model, therefore, idle periods also depend upon the queue length.The authors establish an ergodicity criterion for the queueing process and evaluate explicitly its stationary distribution and other characteristics of the system, such as the mean service cycle, intensity of the system, intensity of the input stream, distribution of the idle period, and the mean busy period. Various special cases are treated.
The effect of Coriolis force on nonlinear convection in a porous medium
Authors: Riahi D. H. 
Published: September 2002

Nonlinear convection in a porous medium and rotating about vertical axis is studied in this paper. An upper bound to the heat flux is calculated by the method initiated first by Howard [6] for the case of infinite Prandtl number.For Ta ≪ 0(1), the rotational effect is not significant. For , the Nusselt number decreases with increasing Ta for a given Rayleigh number R. The flow has always a finite number of modes, but with increasing Ta in this region, the number of modes decreases. The functional dependence of the Nusselt number on R and Ta is found to have discontinuities as the number of modes N* reduces to N* − 1. For , the Nusselt number is proportional to . The stabilizing effect of rotation is so strong that the optimal solution has left with only one horizontal mode. For Ta = 0(R), the Nusselt number becomes 0(1) and the convection is inhibited entirely by rotation for .
On a class of exact locally conformal cosymlectic manifolds
Authors: Mihai I. , Verstraelen L. , Rosca R. 
Published: September 2002

An almost cosymplectic manifold M is a (2m + 1)‐dimensional oriented Riemannian
manifold endowed with a 2‐form Ω of rank 2m, a 1‐form η such that Ωm Λ η ≠ 0 and a vector field ξ
satisfying iξΩ = 0 and η(ξ) = 1. Particular cases were considered in [3] and [6].Let (M, g) be an odd dimensional oriented Riemannian manifold carrying a globally defined vector
field T such that the Riemannian connection is parallel with respect to T. It is shown that in this case
M is a hyperbolic space form endowed with an exact locally conformal cosymplectic structure. Moreover
T defines an infinitesimal homothety of the connection forms and a relative infinitesimal conformal
transformation of the curvature forms.The existence of a structure conformal vector field C on M is proved and their properties are
investigated. In the last section, we study the geometry of the tangent bundle of an exact locally conformal
cosymplectic manifold.
On a conjecture of Vukman
Authors: Deng Qing 
Published: September 2002

Let R be a ring A bi‐additive symmetric mapping d : R × R → R is called a symmetric
bi‐derivation if, for any fixed y ∈ R, the mapping x → D(x, y) is a derivation. The purpose of this paper
is to prove the following conjecture of Vukman.Let R be a noncommutative prime ring with suitable characteristic restrictions, and let
D : R × R → R and f : x → D(x, x) be a symmetric bi‐derivation and its trace, respectively. Suppose
that fn(x) ∈ Z(R) for all x ∈ R, where fk+1(x) = [fk(x), x] for k ≥ 1 and f1(x) = f(x), then D = 0.
Outer measure analysis of topological lattice properties
Authors: Wibisono Setiawati 
Published: September 2002

Let X be a set and ℒ a lattice of subsets of X such that ∅, X ∈ ℒ. A(ℒ) is the algebra
generated by ℒ, M(ℒ) the set of nontrivial, finite, normegative, finitely additive measures on A(ℒ) and
I(ℒ) those elements of M(ℒ) which just assume the values zero and one. Various subsets of M(ℒ) and
I(ℒ) are included which display smoothness and regularity properties.We consider several outer measures associated with dements of M(ℒ) and relate their behavior
to smoothness and regularity conditions as well as to various lattice topological properties. In addition,
their measurable sets are fully investigated. In the case of two lattices ℒ1, ℒ2, with ℒ1 ⊂ ℒ2, we present
consequences of separation properties between the pair of lattices in terms of these outer measures, and
further demonstrate the extension of smoothness conditions on ℒ1 to ℒ2.
n‐Color partitions with weighted differences equal to minus two
Authors: Agarwal A. K. , Balasubrananian R. 
Published: September 2002

In this paper we study those n‐color partitions of Agarwal and Andrews, 1987, in which
each pair of parts has weighted difference equal to −2 Results obtained in this paper for these
partitions include several combinatorial identities, recurrence relations, generating functions, relationships
with the divisor function and computer produced tables. By using these partitions an explicit expression
for the sum of the divisors of odd integers is given. It is shown how these partitions arise in the study of
conjugate and self‐conjugate n‐color partitions. A combinatorial identity for self‐conjugate n‐color
partitions is also obtained. We conclude by posing several open problems in the last section.Corrigendum to
“A note on selfe-conjugate n-color partitions”dx.doi.org/10.1155/S0161171298000957
Six‐dimensional considerations of Einstein′s connection for the first two classes. II. The Einstein′s connection in 6‐g‐UFT
Authors: Chung Kyung Tae , Yang Gye Tak , Hwang In Ho 
Published: September 2002

Lower dimensional cases of Einstein′s connection were already
investigated by many authors for n = 2, 3, 4, 5. In the following series of two papers, we present a surveyable tensorial
representation of 6‐dimensional Einstein′s connection in terms of the unified field tensor:I. The recurrence relations in 6‐g‐UFT.II. The Einstein′s connection in 6‐g‐UFT.In our previous paper [2], we investigated some algebraic
structure in Einstein′s 6‐dimensional unified field theory (i.e., 6‐g‐UFT), with emphasis on the derivation of the recurrence relations of the third kind which hold in 6‐g‐UFT. This paper is a direct continuation of [2]. The purpose of the present paper is to prove a necessary and sufficient condition for a unique Einstein′s connection to exist in 6‐g‐UFT and to display a surveyable tensorial representation of 6‐dimensional Einstein′s connection in terms of the unified field tensor, employing the powerful recurrence relations of the third kind obtained in the first paper [2].All considerations in this paper are restricted to the first and
second classes of the 6‐dimensional generalized Riemannian manifold
X6, since the case of the third class, the simplest case, was already studied by many authors.
Double multipliers on topological algebras
Authors: Khan L. A. , Mohammad N. , Thaheem A. B. 
Published: September 2002

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate some topological
properties of the double multiplier algebra on a topological algebra. Let Md(A) be the double multiplier algebra on a topological algebra A, and let u and s be the uniform and strong operator topologies on Md(A), respectively. It is shown, under some additional hypotheses on A, that(1) Md(A) is u‐ and s‐complete;(2) A is a u‐closed two‐sided ideal in Md(A);(3) A is s‐dense in Md(A);(4) s and u have the same bounded sets;(5) each continuous onto homomorphism ϕ : A → B has a unique extension .
Evolution semigroups for nonautonomous Cauchy problems
Authors: Nickel Gregor 
Published: September 2002

In this paper, we characterize wellposedness of nonautonomous, linear Cauchy problems

urn:x-wiley:10853375:media:aaa632147:aaa632147-math-0001

on a Banach space X by the existence of certain evolution semigroups.Then, we use these generation results for evolution semigroups
to derive wellposedness for nonautonomous Cauchy problems under some
“concrete” conditions. As a typical example, we discuss the so called “parabolic” case.