bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Color Doppler examination of the outflow tracts of the fetal heart: a technique for identification of cardiovascular malformations
Authors: DeVore G. R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objective was to describe a technique using color Doppler to identify the outflow tracts of the fetal heart by directing the ultrasound transversely through the fetal chest. One hundred second‐ and third‐trimester control fetuses were examined with real‐time and color Doppler ultrasound. The ultrasound beam was directed cephalad, in the same transverse plane used to image the four‐chamber view, and the outflow tracts were examined. Four fetuses with abnormal cardiovascular anatomy were examined using the above approach, to study the anatomical relationships of the outflow tracts identified with color Doppler ultrasound in normal fetuses.When the ultrasound beam was directed immediately cephalad to the four‐chamber view, the aorta was identified as it exited the left ventricle. Further movement of the ultrasound beam cephalad identified the following vessels in a single plane: the main pulmonary artery perpendicular to the ascending aorta; the left pulmonary artery branching from the main pulmonary artery; the full length of the ductus arteriosus; and the transverse arch of the aorta. The ascending aorta, main pulmonary artery, ductus arteriosus and transverse aortic arch were identified in 100% of fetuses. Four fetuses with abnormalities of the outflow tracts (aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, pulmonary stenosis and premature constriction of the ductus arteriosus) were imaged using this approach in which pathology was readily identified.This technique enables rapid identification of the outflow tracts in second‐ and third‐trimester fetuses using color Doppler and accurately identifies abnormalities of these vessels. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Maternal hyperoxygenation in the treatment of mild intrauterine growth retardation: a pilot study
Authors: Battaglia C. , Artini P. G. , D'Ambrogio G. , Bencini S. , Galli P. A. , Genazzani A. R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of long‐term maternal hyperoxygenation in comparison with bed rest in the management of mildly growth‐retarded fetuses (5–10th centile).Thirty‐eight patients with intrauterine growth retardation were studied. The patients were divided into oxygen‐treated (n = 18) and untreated (n = 20) groups. Ultrasound assessment of amniotic fluid volume was performed on alternate days, and the fetal abdominal circumference was evaluated weekly. Doppler analysis of fetal/maternal circulation was performed upon the patient's arrival at hospital, after 12 h, and thereafter on alternate days until parturition. Fetal blood was sampled by cordocentesis for immediate blood gas analysis at the start of the study and on the day of delivery.Although in the treated patients there was significant improvement in Doppler flow pat tern and blood gas indices, no significant differences in type of delivery and perinatal outcome were noted between the groups. Maternal hyperoxygenation in mild intrauterine growth retardation did not improve perinatal outcome. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Doppler velocimetry and the assessment of fetal well‐being in normal and diabetic pregnancies
Authors: Reece E. A. , Homko C. J. , Wiznitzer A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDoppler ultrasound has been proposed as a useful addition to antepartum testing in high‐risk pregnancies. Increased placental resistance has been associated with underlying placental vascular disease, as well as abnormal fetoplacental blood flow. Since pregnancies complicated by diabetes are at risk for these complications, the application of Doppler ultrasonography for such pregnancies has been evaluated by several investigators.Multiple investigations have examined the relationship between maternal blood glucose levels and abnormal Doppler waveforms in women with diabetes. Of the nine published studies, four found a correlation between Doppler indices and glucose control, as measured by mean blood glucose levels and glycosylated hemoglobin levels, while five did not. However, this apparent discrepancy may be explained by the fact that the majority of women studied were in good or excellent control, as this is currently the accepted standard of care. In fact, the one study performed in primarily non‐diabetic women demonstrated that increases in maternal plasma glucose concentrations of 30 mg/dl were followed by significant rises in the mean pulsatility index in both the umbilical and carotid arteries. More dramatic was the finding by most investigators that systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratios in third‐trimester umbilical arteries were elevated in women with evidence of diabetic microvascular disease. Elevated third‐trimester S/D ratios were associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in these women, specifically pre‐eclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation.In conclusion, although elevated Doppler indices correlated with adverse outcomes in diabetic pregnancies, Doppler indices may be elevated in the otherwise uncomplicated diabetic patient with associated microvascular disease and with a normal outcome. Therefore, the Doppler ultrasound assessment of fetal well‐being in diabetic pregnancies must be interpreted with caution. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Audit of a screening service for fetal abnormalities using early ultrasound scanning and maternal serum α‐fetoprotein estimation combined with selective detailed scanning
Authors: Chambers S. E. , Geirsson R. T. , Stewart R. J. , Wannapirak C. , Muir B. B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objective of the study was the evaluation of a screening service for fetal abnormality using early ultrasound scanning to date and establish viability of the pregnancy combined with maternal serum α‐fetoprotein estimation at 16 weeks and thereafter selective detailed scanning at 18–20 weeks based on clinical indication. The study was designed to be retrospective, emphasizing the possibility of diagnosis. Early scans were performed by radiographers and radiologists, detailed ones by radiologists and obstetricians with subspecialty training in prenatal diagnosis. The study was carried out in the ultrasound department of a large University Hospital. The subjects studied were all cases of abnormality identified pre‐ or postnatally in women delivering in the hospital over 4 years and to whom the screening service applied. Information was obtained from ultrasound and maternity records, birth notifications, pathology and autopsy reports and a special needs register. Cases were classified as not detectable, potentially detectable and usually detectable. Major fetal anomalies numbered 255 (total deliveries 19 497), a prevalence of 1.3%; 130 (51%) were diagnosed by ultrasound with 64%; before 24 weeks and 36% later. Eleven chromosomal anomalies (4%) were diagnosed by genetic methods and 114 (45%) anomalies were not diagnosed antenatally. The sensitivity of the program was 37% before 24 weeks. Chromosomal anomalies, lesions of the central nervous system and cardiac defects were most common, followed by lesions of the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. A large proportion of the detected and detectable anomalies were lethal. The implementation of a policy of routine scans at 18–20 weeks for fetal abnormality would be justified if it led to improved obstetric decision‐making, reduction in child handicap and less parental suffering. A routine stun applied to our population might not have achieved these except in a comparatively small number of cases. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Early fetal endocardial fibroelastosis and critical aortic stenosis: a case report
Authors: Rustico M. A. , Benettoni A. , Bussani R. , Maieron A. , Mandruzzato G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEndocardial fibroelastosis is characterized by an abnormal thickening of the endocardium of one or both ventricles; the disorder may occur with or without other cardiac anomalies. A diagnosis of endocardial fibroelastosis in utero using fetal echocardiography may be made on the basis of increased echodensity of the endocardium and poor contractility of the ventricle. We describe a case of very early diagnosis of fibroelastosis and aortic valve stenosis observed in utero at 14 weeks' gestation by transvaginal echocardiography. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Predictive value of antepartum ultrasound examination for anomalies in twin gestations
Authors: Edwards M. S. , Ellings J. M. , Newman R. B. , Menard M. K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of antenatal ultrasonography in the detection of fetal anomalies among twin gestations cared for in a specialized antepartum twin clinic.A retrospective study was performed of 245 consecutive twin gestations followed in our twin clinic. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic indices of ultrasound to detect prenatal anomalies in the 490 infants delivered from July 1988 to October 1994 were determined.Fourteen infants had isolated congenital anomalies, and ten had multiple anomalies. The overall prevalence of congenital anomalies was 4.9%. Antepartum ultrasound examination had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 100% for the detection of an anomalous infant, with a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 99%. The sensitivity of ultrasound for each individual anomaly within the cohort was 82%, with 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, and 98% negative predictive value.Our conclusions are that serial antepartum ultrasound examination of twins for congenital anomalies in our institution is very specific, with high positive and negative predictive values. The sensitivity, while also excellent, has limitations, which should be discussed with the patient. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Intrauterine growth of triplets as estimated from liveborn birth weight data
Authors: Yuval Y. , Seidman D. S. , Achiron R. , Goldenberg M. , Alcalay M. , Mashiach S. , Lipitz S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study was conducted to estimate intrauterine growth of triplet pregnancies from liveborn birth weights. During the years 1975–92, 109 sets of triplets were born at our hospital. Ten sets were excluded because of either major fetal anomalies or fetal death of one or more of the fetuses. The remaining 99 sets of triplets consisted of 297 newborns that were weighed immediately after birth. The mean birth weight was plotted against gestational week. The estimated intrauterine growth of triplets, in contrast to singletons, exhibited neither an acceleration phase during the third trimester, nor a flattening of the growth curve during the last few weeks of the third trimester. The mean birth weight of triplets was slightly below the 10th centile for singletons at 38 weeks' gestation or later. We conclude that the growth of triplet fetuses as estimated from live born birth weights is slower than that of singletons. The diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation in triplet pregnancies should be based on growth curves to be devised for triplet pregnancies. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of fetal hydrocephalus due to infection with parainfluenza virus type 3
Authors: Seidman D. S. , Nass D. , Mendelson E. , Shehtman I. , Mashiach S. , Achiron R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractParainfluenza virus type 3 is one of the most common causes of respiratory infection in infants. No complications of pregnancy or fetal anomalies have been reported in association with parainfluenza virus infection. A pregnancy was terminated at 22 weeks' gestation due to ultra‐sonographic diagnosis of hydrocephalus. Pathological examination was consistent with viral encephalitis, ventriculitis and pneumonia. Serological investigation demonstrated a significant rise in maternal antibody titers for parainfluenza virus type 3. Parainfluenza virus type 3 may be associated with severe fetal infection in the first half of pregnancy. Serological studies for this virus should be considered in cases of fetal hydrocephalus. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Sonographic characteristics of adenofibroma of the endometrium following tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer: two case reports
Authors: Huang K.‐T. , Chen C.‐A. , Cheng W.‐F. , Wu C.‐C. , Jou H.‐J. , Hsieh C.‐Y. , Lin G.‐J. , Hsieh F.‐J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAdenofibroma of the endometrium is thought to be a rare benign variant of the mixed mesodermal tumor, and its preoperative diagnosis is difficult. We describe the sonographic characteristics of two cases of adenofibroma of the endometrium. In both cases the patient was receiving prolonged tamoxifen therapy following surgery for breast cancer. Sonographically, this rare disease is observed as an intracavitary mass containing multiple small cysts with low‐resistance intratumor blood flow. The unique sonographic findings make the preoperative diagnosis possible. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Doppler indices from inferior vena cava and ductus venosus in predicting pH and oxygen tension in umbilical blood at cordocentesis in growth‐retarded fetuses
Authors: Rizzo G. , Capponi A. , Talone P. E. , Arduini D. , Romanini C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the value of Doppler indices calculated from the inferior vena cava and ductus venosus in the identification of acidemia and hypoxemia as determined by pH and gas analysis of fetal blood obtained by cordocentesis in growth‐retarded fetuses. Doppler measurements were performed in the inferior vena cava and ductus venosus in 209 normally grown fetuses and in 89 growth‐retarded fetuses. All growth‐retarded fetuses were free from structural and chromosomal abnormalities, and uteroplacental insufficiency characterized by Doppler changes in the umbilical and middle cerebral arteries was the most likely etiology of the growth defect. In this group of fetuses, Doppler recordings were performed immediately before cordocentesis. Ten different indices were calculated from venous velocity waveforms, and reference limits for gestation were constructed by the cross‐sectional analysis of data from normally grown fetuses. Logistic regression and receiver operator characteristic curve analysis were performed to examine the relationship between Doppler indices and acid‐base status. The pre‐load index (peak velocity during atrial contraction/peak velocity during systole) in the inferior vena cava was the best explanatory variable for acidemia (χ2 = 48.33; p ≤ 0.001). Hypoxemia was predicted less well by venous indices and the best results were achieved by the S/A ratio in the ductus venosus (χ2 = 9.46; p ≤ 0.005). In conclusion, our data suggest that acidosis in growth‐retarded fetuses may be non‐invasively identified by Doppler measurements of the inferior vena cava and that a higher efficiency can be achieved by the use of the pre‐load index. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Ultrasound‐guided hysteroscopic management of endometrial osseous metaplasia
Authors: Coccia M. E. , Becattini C. , Bracco G. L. , Scarselli G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn the past, most cases of osseous metaplasia of the endometrium were diagnosed following removal of bone from the endometrium by dilatation and curettage and frequently subsequently treated by hysterectomy. Nowadays, management involves a suggested diagnosis by transvaginal ultrasound examination, confirmation by hysteroscopy and hysteroscopic removal of ectopic intrauterine bone. This is usually carried out under laparoscopic guidance. However, the degree of visual control provided by combined transabdominal and transrectal ultrasonography may prove sufficiently accurate for hysteroscopic guidance. In this report we describe a case of endometrial osseous metaplasia successfully managed by ultrasound‐guided hysteroscopy. The advantages of our approach include reduced invasiveness, reduced costs and simultaneous visualization of the abdominal and intrauterine cavities. One limitation, however, is represented by the greater operator dependence of ultrasound guidance as compared to laparoscopy, the former requiring extensive training and state‐of‐the‐art equipment.We suggest that ultrasound guidance for hysteroscopic removal of extensive osseous metaplasia may represent a potentially safer and more effective alternative to laparoscopy and would therefore encourage further clinical evaluation of this technique. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fetal megacystis at 10–14 weeks of gestation
Authors: Sebire N. J. , Von Kaisenberg C. , Rubio C. , Snijders R. J. M. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDuring the study period, 24 492 pregnant women attended the Harris Birthright Research Centre at 10–14 weeks of gestation, at which time, in addition to the measurements of nuchal translucency thickness and crown‐rump length (CRL), data on fetal abnormalities were recorded onto a computer database. Cases of megacystis were identified and the records were reviewed. Additionally, the relationship of the longitudinal bladder diameter with the CRL and the bladder diameter/CRL ratio (expressed as a percentage) were examined with the use of data from 300 normal fetuses at 10–14 weeks.Megacystis was present in 15 of the 24 492 pregnancies (1 in 1633) and in these cases the minimum longitudinal bladder diameter was 8 mm and the minimum bladder diameter/CRL ratio was 13 %. In the 300 control fetuses the bladder was visualized in 278 (92.7%) of the cases and the longitudinal bladder diameter increased with the CRL (bladder diameter = 0.065 × CRL − 0.69; r = 0.47, p < O.OOl), none of the measurements was more than 6 mm and the median bladder diameter/CRL ratio was 5.4% (range 0–l 0.4%) which did not change significantly with gestation (r = 0.1, p = 0.09). The bladder was visible in all cases with a minimum CRL of 67 mm. In three of the IS cases with megacystis, there were chromosomal abnormalities. In the chromosomally normal group, there were seven cases with spontaneous resolution, whereas in four cases there was progression to severe obstructive uropathy.The bladder diameter was 8–12 mm and the bladder diameter/CRL ratio 13–22% in all cases with resolution and in one case with progressive megacystis; in the other three cases with progressive obstruction, the bladder length was more than 16 mm and the bladder diameter/CRL ratio was more than 28%. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Transvaginal ultrasound and computed tomography combined with clinical parameters and CA‐125 determinations in the differential diagnosis of persistent ovarian cysts in premenopausal women
Authors: Guerriero S. , Mallarini G. , Ajossa S. , Risalvato A. , Satta R. , Mais V. , Angiolucci M. , Melis G. B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this prospective study was to compare the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) (and transvaginal ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of persistent cystic ovarian lesions. The candidates for this study were 161 premenopausal non‐pregnant women with an adnexal mass. After a 3‐month follow‐up, 83 masses persisted and were examined by both techniques before surgery. We also evaluated the CA‐125 plasma levels. The CT and ultrasonographic diagnoses were then compared with the histopathological diagnosis. The overall agreement between the test results and the actual outcome was calculated by means of the kappa statistic. Transvaginal ultrasonography has a closer accuracy in the diagnosis of serous cysts and serous cystadenoma, ovarian carcinoma and endometrioma (value of kappa: 0.78, 0.73 and 0.80, respectively) than CT, even if the latter is associated with clinical and biochemical parameters such as patient's age and CA‐125 plasma levels. Only in the diagnosis of cystic teratoma, is transvaginal ultrasonography less accurate than CT. In conclusion, in premenopausal women, transvaginal ultrasonography remains a cost‐effective method in the diagnosis of most cystic ovarian lesions. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Intra‐amniotic debris identified at ultrasound scanning: a feature of congenital ichthyosis
Authors: Montague I. , Fox R. , Mann R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA case is described in which intra‐amniotic debris was identified during an ultrasound scan in a woman with polyhydramnios at 33 weeks' gestation. At delivery neonate was found to have severe ichthyosis involving the whole of her head, trunk and limbs, with large plaques of hyperkeratotic skin on the palms of her hands and the soles of her feet. The finding of excessive debris in association with polyhydramnios should raise the possibility of an exfoliative skin disorder. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Uterine cavity assessment prior to in vitro fertilization: comparison of transvaginal scanning, saline contrast hysterosonography and hysteroscopy
Authors: Ayida G. , Chamberlain P. , Barlow D. , Kennedy S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA total of 44 patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and requiring uterine cavity assessment agreed to have both saline contrast hysterosonography (ISCHS) and hysteroscopy. SCHS was performed following a baseline transvaginal scan by injection of saline into the uterine cavity during continuous scanning. Hysteroscopy was performed with a flexible fiberscope with a 3.6‐mm outer diameter; 38 of 44 women (84%) underwent both procedures. Hysteroscopy diagnosed intrauterine abnormalities in 16 women. SCHS was in complete agreement in 13 of 16 cases. As a screening test for any cavity abnormality, SCHS had a 87.5% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value and 91.6% negative predictive value. In 14 women, an abnormal uterine cavity was apparent on transvaginal scanning (TVS). However, TVS, unlike SCHS, could not (1) confidently diagnose submucosal fibroids in the presence of a uterus with multiple fibroids; (2) distinguish between a hyperplastic endometrium and a large polyp; or (3) differentiate between an arcuate and a septate uterus. In addition, ovarian pathology was diagnosed on TVS in five women: endometrioma (n = l), complex cysts (n = 2) and polycystic ovaries (n = 2). SCHS is a simple, accurate, well‐tolerated procedure that can be performed within a fertility unit, avoiding invasive and expensive diagnostic hysteroscopy. Significant findings can be treated by operative hysteroscopy prior to commencing an IVF treatment cycle. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma: a pediatric tumor that may be diagnosed prenatally
Authors: Tovbin J. , Segal M. , Tavori I. , Lotan G. , Maymon R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHepatic mesenchymal hamartoma is a benign tumor, defined as an excessive focal overgrowth of mature normal cells and stroma native to the liver. The increasing popularity of antenatal scanning has resulted in in utero diagnosis of congenital malformations and anomalies that previously became apparent only after delivery. Herein, we present a rare case of fetal mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver, which was initially sonographically detected at 29 weeks of gestation. A brief literature survey and obstetric recommendations for management and monitoring of such rare cases are included. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology