bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of ischemic brain edema after mechanical thrombectomy using dual-energy computed tomography in patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Steffen Paul , Winkelmeier Laurens , Kniep Helge , Geest Vincent , Soltanipanah Setareh , Fiehler Jens , Broocks Gabriel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNet water uptake (NWU) is a quantitative imaging biomarker used to assess cerebral edema resulting from ischemia via Computed Tomography (CT)-densitometry. It serves as a strong predictor of clinical outcome. Nevertheless, NWU measurements on follow-up CT scans after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) can be affected by contrast staining. To improve the accuracy of edema estimation, virtual non-contrast images (VNC-I) from dual-energy CT scans (DECT) were compared to conventional polychromatic CT images (CP-I) in this study. We examined NWU measurements derived from VNC-I and CP-I to assess their agreement and predictive value in clinical outcome. 88 consecutive patients who received DECT as follow-up after MT were included. NWU was quantified on CP-I (cNWU) and VNC-I (vNWU). The clinical endpoint was functional independence at discharge. cNWU and vNWU were highly correlated (r = 0.71, p < 0.0001). The median difference between cNWU and vNWU was 8.7% (IQR: 4.5–14.1%), associated with successful vessel recanalization (mTICI2b-3) (ß: 11.6%, 95% CI 2.9–23.0%, p = 0.04), and age (ß: 4.2%, 95% CI 1.3–7.0%, p = 0.005). The diagnostic accuracy to classify outcome between cNWU and vNWU was similar (AUC:0.78 versus 0.77). Although there was an 8.7% median difference, indicating potential edema underestimation on CP-I, it did not have short-term clinical implications.
A cooperative optimization method for the layout of shared bicycle parking areas and delivery quantity
Authors: Chen Hao , Wang Wenxian , Cheng Ligang , Li Ping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith the popularity of shared bicycles in urban areas, more and more residents choose this fast and convenient mode of transportation for short-distance travel. By optimizing the layout of shared bicycle parking areas and delivery quantity, the investment cost of shared bicycle enterprises can be effectively reduced, and the convenience of residents' travel can be improved at the same time. In this paper, we develop a collaborative optimization model for the layout of the shared bicycle parking area and delivery quantity, aiming at minimizing the walking distance of residents and the investment cost of enterprises, while considering the constraints of the parking area's attractive range and the number of bicycles placed. Aiming at the characteristics of this mixed integer nonlinear problem, an improved genetic algorithm incorporating symmetric individual precision control mechanism is designed. Finally, taking the planned area between the Second Ring Road and the Third Ring Road in the northern part of Jin-niu District, Chengdu as the background, the proposed collaborative optimization model for the layout of shared bicycle parking areas and delivery quantity is applied to a real scene. The results show that after optimization, the number of parking areas is reduced by 2, and the total investment cost is reduced by about 12.2%.
Muscle stiffness indicating mission crew health in space
Authors: Schoenrock Britt , Muckelt Paul E. , Hastermann Maria , Albracht Kirsten , MacGregor Robert , Martin David , Gunga Hans-Christian , Salanova Michele , Stokes Maria J. , Warner Martin B. , Blottner Dieter 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMuscle function is compromised by gravitational unloading in space affecting overall musculoskeletal health. Astronauts perform daily exercise programmes to mitigate these effects but knowing which muscles to target would optimise effectiveness. Accurate inflight assessment to inform exercise programmes is critical due to lack of technologies suitable for spaceflight. Changes in mechanical properties indicate muscle health status and can be measured rapidly and non-invasively using novel technology. A hand-held MyotonPRO device enabled monitoring of muscle health for the first time in spaceflight (> 180 days). Greater/maintained stiffness indicated countermeasures were effective. Tissue stiffness was preserved in the majority of muscles (neck, shoulder, back, thigh) but Tibialis Anterior (foot lever muscle) stiffness decreased inflight vs. preflight (p < 0.0001; mean difference 149 N/m) in all 12 crewmembers. The calf muscles showed opposing effects, Gastrocnemius increasing in stiffness Soleus decreasing. Selective stiffness decrements indicate lack of preservation despite daily inflight countermeasures. This calls for more targeted exercises for lower leg muscles with vital roles as ankle joint stabilizers and in gait. Muscle stiffness is a digital biomarker for risk monitoring during future planetary explorations (Moon, Mars), for healthcare management in challenging environments or clinical disorders in people on Earth, to enable effective tailored exercise programmes.
Energy mapping of Jupiter’s auroral electrons from Juno/UVS data using a new H2 UV emission model
Authors: Benmahi B. , Bonfond B. , Benne B. , Grodent D. , Hue V. , Gladstone G. R. , Gronoff G. , Lilensten J. , Sicorello G. , Head L. A. , Barthélemy M. , Simon Wedlund C. , Giles R. S. , Greathouse T. K. 
Published: February 2024

Context. Juno, which studies the Jovian system, continues to expand our knowledge of Jupiter’s magnetosphere and its environment. Thanks to onboard instruments such as Jupiter Energetic Particle Detector Instrument (JEDI) and Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment (JADE), in situ measurements have allowed us to derive a realistic representation of charged particle energy distributions precipitating in the auroral regions. Because of the distance between Juno’s measurement location and the position of impact of the charged particles, where auroral emissions are produced, these energetic distributions of magnetospheric particles are likely to be affected by various phenomena such as wave-particle interactions on their way from Juno to the atmosphere. These processes can accelerate or decelerate the particles, changing their average energies. Hence, the energy distributions of particles measured at Juno’s altitude are likely different from those at auroral altitudes.
Aims. In this study we develop a UV emission model, combined with an electron transport model, that allows us to relate the auroral emission spectra of H2 molecules with the energy distribution of impinging electrons.
Methods. Thanks to observations of the Jovian aurora by the Ultraviolet Spectrograph (UVS) on board Juno, we determined the characteristic energies of electrons precipitating in auroral regions during perijove 32. We modeled the relationship between color ratio (CR) and the characteristic energy of precipitating electrons. Initially, we considered mono-energetic electron fluxes. In a second step, we considered fluxes governed by a kappa distribution.
Results. We derived characteristic energy maps for electrons precipitating in Jupiter’s auroral regions. In comparison with similar previous studies based on Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on board Hubble Space Telescope (HST/STIS) observations, we find that modeling the CR with a mono-energetic distribution leads to a systematic underestimation of the average energy of electrons precipitating in the auroral regions by a factor of 3–5.
Conclusions. In this study we show that it is possible to derive a more realistic estimate of electron energy flux distributions at auroral altitudes.
Rigor mit Hyperthermie
Authors: Ionov Alexander , Schröder Stefan G. 
Published: February 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBei neu auf Intensivstation (ITS) aufgenommenen, vital bedrohten Patienten mit Rigor und Hyperthermie kann das Fehlen einer brauchbaren klinischen Anamnese (einschließlich Vormedikation) zu differenzialdiagnostischen Schwierigkeiten führen. In Betracht kommen bei diesem klinischen Bild mindestens 4 nosologische Entitäten. 1. maligne Katatonie (MK), 2. malignes neuroleptisches Syndrom (MNS), 3. Parkinsonismus-Hyperpyrexie-Syndrom (PHS) und 4. maligne Hyperthermie (MH). Diese 4 Krankheiten ähneln sich, trotz ihrer Zugehörigkeit zu verschiedenen medizinischen Disziplinen. Das erinnert an die Beobachtung von Viktor von Weizsäcker, des Heidelberger Begründers der Psychosomatik, der den Terminus „Ausdrucksgemeinschaft“ für ähnliche Krankheitsbilder mit unterschiedlicher Ätiologie geprägt hat. Für 3 der 4 Entitäten (d. h. MK, MNS und PHS) kann die Elektrokonvulsivtherapie (EKT) als etablierte Behandlung angesehen werden, nach oder vor Versagen medikamentöser Versuche einzusetzen. Der Gebrauch volatiler Anästhetika auf ITS nimmt zu, sodass damit mit einer Inzidenzerhöhung von MH auf ITS zu rechnen ist.Wir präsentieren Ergebnisse aus der Grundlagenforschung zur vermuteten Pathophysiologie der 4 Entitäten, zudem mit klinischer Literatur zum Stellenwert von EKT in diesem Feld. So wird EKT als „State-of-the-art“-Notfallbehandlung für MK und MNS angesehen, sogar von vielen Autoren als absolute EKT-Indikation. Selten wird zudem als Option bei PHS der EKT-Einsatz reflektiert. Vor dem Hintergrund eines eigenen Falles schlagen wir den intensivmedizinisch Tätigen vor, EKT dann in Betracht zu ziehen, wenn auf ITS eine MH diagnostisch nicht sicher ausgeschlossen werden kann. Dies würde allerdings eine Verfügbarkeit von EKT auf ITS voraussetzen, was de facto so gut wie nie der Fall ist, zumindest nicht in Deutschland. Eine psychiatrische Abteilung befindet sich oft nicht in räumlicher Nähe zu einer ITS und selbst wenn, ist EKT in nicht einmal der Hälfte psychiatrischer Abteilungen apparativ und fachlich möglich.
Bilirubin Down-Regulates Oxidative Stress and Fibroblast Growth
Factor 23 Expression in UMR106 Osteoblast-Like Cells
Authors: Rausch Steffen , Hammerschmidt Katharina , Feger Martina , Vítek Libor , Föller Michael 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a major regulator of
phosphate and vitamin D metabolism in the kidney, and its higher levels in
plasma are associated with poorer outcomes in kidney and cardiovascular
diseases. It is produced by bone cells upon enhanced oxidative stress and
inhibits renal phosphate reabsorption and calcitriol (active form of vitamin D)
production. Bilirubin, the final product of the heme catabolic pathway in the
vascular bed, has versatile biological functions, including antioxidant and
anti-inflammatory effects. This study explored whether bilirubin alters FGF23
production.
Methods Experiments were performed using UMR106 osteoblast-like cells.
Fgf23 transcript levels were determined by quantitative real-time
polymerase chain reaction, C-terminal and intact FGF23 protein levels were
determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and cellular oxidative stress
was assessed by CellROX assay.
Results Unconjugated bilirubin down-regulated Fgf23 gene
transcription and FGF23 protein abundance; these effects were paralleled by
lower cellular oxidative stress levels. Also, conjugated bilirubin reduced
Fgf23 mRNA abundance.
Conclusion Bilirubin down-regulates FGF23 production in UMR106 cells, an
effect likely to be dependent on the reduction of cellular oxidative stress.
Schmerzreduktion durch operative Therapie osteoporotischer
Frakturen
Authors: Liener Ulrich Christoph , Bökeler Ulf Wilhelm 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungOsteoporotische Frakturen führen aufgrund erheblicher Schmerzen und der
damit verbundenen Funktionsstörungen zu einer signifikanten
Einschränkung der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit. In
den letzten Jahren konnten durch die Entwicklung neuer winkelstabiler
Implantate, durch Zementaugmentation und den Einsatz von Frakturprothesen
signifikante Fortschritte in der Behandlung von osteoporotischen Frakturen
erzielt werden. Nachdem ältere Studien uneinheitliche Resultate
aufwiesen, zeigen aktuelle Untersuchungen eindeutige Ergebnisse zu Gunsten der
operativen Therapie. Im Rahmen eines narrativen Reviews soll die Wirkung der
operativen Therapie auf die Schmerzreduktion und Verbesserung der
Extremitäten dargestellt werden.
The postsurgical pancreas
Authors: Fischbach Roman , Peller Maximilian , Perez Daniel , Pohland Christopher , Gübitz Raphael 
Published: February 2024

Background Partial pancreatic resections are among the most complex surgical procedures in visceral tumor medicine and are associated with a high postoperative morbidity with a complication rate of 40–50 % of patients even in specialized centers.
Methods Description of typical surgical resection procedures and the resulting postoperative anatomy, typical normal postoperative findings, common postoperative complications, and radiological findings.
Results and conclusion CT is the most appropriate imaging technique for rapid and standardized visualization of postoperative anatomy and detection of clinically suspected complications after partial pancreatic resections. The most common complications are delayed gastric emptying, pancreatic fistula, acute pancreatitis, bile leakage, abscess, and hemorrhage. Radiologists must identify the typical surgical procedures, the postoperative anatomy, and normal postoperative findings as well as possible postoperative complications and know interventional treatment methods for common complications.
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Citation Format
Usability Testing of Situation Awareness Clinical Decision Support in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Molloy Matthew J. , Zackoff Matthew , Gifford Annika , Hagedorn Philip , Tegtmeyer Ken , Britto Maria T. , Dewan Maya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective Our objective was to evaluate the usability of an automated clinical decision support (CDS) tool previously implemented in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) to promote shared situation awareness among the medical team to prevent serious safety events within children's hospitals.
Methods We conducted a mixed-methods usability evaluation of a CDS tool in a PICU at a large, urban, quaternary, free-standing children's hospital in the Midwest. Quantitative assessment was done using the system usability scale (SUS), while qualitative assessment involved think-aloud usability testing. The SUS was scored according to survey guidelines. For think-aloud testing, task times were calculated, and means and standard deviations were determined, stratified by role. Qualitative feedback from participants and moderator observations were summarized.
Results Fifty-one PICU staff members, including physicians, advanced practice providers, nurses, and respiratory therapists, completed the SUS, while ten participants underwent think-aloud usability testing. The overall median usability score was 87.5 (interquartile range: 80–95), with over 96% rating the tool's usability as “good” or “excellent.” Task completion times ranged from 2 to 92 seconds, with the quickest completion for reviewing high-risk criteria and the slowest for adding to high-risk criteria. Observations and participant responses from think-aloud testing highlighted positive aspects of learnability and clear display of complex information that is easily accessed, as well as opportunities for improvement in tool integration into clinical workflows.
Conclusion The PICU Warning Tool demonstrates good usability in the critical care setting. This study demonstrates the value of postimplementation usability testing in identifying opportunities for continued improvement of CDS tools.
Some Observation on Vaginal Aplasia
Authors: Khanna N. N. , Khanna Shail , Sharma D. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryIn the presen: paper the authors describe their experiences in vaginal reconstruction by the Mclndoe technique. They advocate a soft mould made of a rubber condom packed with rolled cotton. The advantage claimed are its easy availability, minimal risk of necrosis and comfort in wearing for long pressure periods.
A Systematic Review of the Impact of Growth Hormone Therapy on Final Adult Height of Children with Idiopathic Short Stature
Authors: Muammar Tawfik , Alhasaeri Muna 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction This review aims to systematically determine the effect of growth hormone (GH) therapy on adult height of children and adolescents with idiopathic short stature (ISS).
Methods A systematic review was conducted to assess the effectiveness of GH therapy in children with ISS. Databases like ProQuest Central, journal @ Ovoid, EBSCOhost Medline Complete, Oxford University Press Journals, KB + JISC Collections Elsevier Science Direct Freedo, and BMJ, and cross-referencing of bibliographies were searched electronically. The randomized trials from 1989 to January 2023 were retrieved. Randomized trials with final adult height measurements and fit the inclusion criteria (height >2 standard deviation [SD] score below the mean with no comorbid conditions that would impair growth, peak growth hormone responses >10 μg/L, no previous history of GH therapy) were included in this review. The exclusion criteria are nonrandomized trials; trials include causes of short stature other than ISS, and studies include interventions other than GH and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRH-a). A structured approach to the critical appraisal program by Oxford was used to analyze and extract the data.
Results The study reviewed 14 eligible randomized trials, which recruited 2,206 assessable children for analysis. Seven trials compared different GH doses, four trials compared GH therapy with controls, and three trials compared a combination of GH and GnRH therapy with GH alone. Apart from one study, the overall dropout rate was not high. The high percentage of boys was a potential source of heterogeneity between trials. The change in height (HT)-SD score was 1.06 ± 0.30 and 0.18 ± 0.27 with treatment and control children, respectively, and the difference is statistically significant (p < 0.001). The overall mean height gain was 5 cm (0.84 SD score) more in treated children. The height velocity was found to be decreased significantly (p < 0.001) in the second and third years of treatment in the GH + GnRH-a treated group from 7 cm/year during the first year of treatment to 5.4 cm during the second year and 4.9 cm/year during the third year. They also found that using a higher dose of GH at 9 mg/m2/week leads to approximately 7 cm mean final height gain; however, lower dose regimens are less effective.
Conclusion Although the magnitude of the effectiveness of GH therapy is, on average, less than that achieved in other conditions for which GH is licensed, GH therapy seems to be effective in children with idiopathic short stature, and it reduces the deficit in height as adults. Moreover, the effect seems to be dose-dependent, with better results at high GH doses, and the response variability is seen in different individuals. The use of combined GH with GnRH therapy needs to be balanced with their side effects.
Drastic enhancement of stable and fast domain wall motion in GdFe nanowires through laser-annealing treatment at wire edges
Authors: Mohammadi Mojtaba , Miyose Yamato , Sumi Satoshi , Tanabe Kenji , Awano Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2024

One of the key challenges in racetrack memory (RM) technology is achieving stable and high velocities for domain walls (DWs) while maintaining low power consumption. In our study, we propose a novel laser-annealing (LA) process to modify wire edges for a smoother DW movement along the nanowire. In this regard, a film stack of Pt (5 nm)/Gd26Fe74(20 nm)/SiN(10 nm) was deposited by magnetron sputtering. The DW velocity in the wire was measured by applying single voltage pulses and then observing the DW motion using a Kerr microscope. The current-induced domain walls motion measurements have shown that the LA process significantly enhances the velocity of DW motion. The LA of both edges of the nanowire results in a threefold increase in DW velocity compared to non-LA conditions. Further experiments illustrated that the DW velocity remains stable for the laser-annealed condition across a wide range of applied currents, spanning from 3 × 1011 to 7 × 1011 A/m2. Additionally, our investigation into the magnetic characteristics of laser-annealed nanowire regions exhibited a notable reduction of Hc at the laser-annealed edges. This decrease in Hc indicates greater ease in manipulating the material’s magnetization, which is essential for efficient DW motion. Furthermore, we explored the influence of LA on the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya Interaction (DMI) field. The DMI finding underscores the strong correlation between DMI fields and DW speed. This achievement, i.e. the stability and consistency of the domain’s velocity (as the components of an RM) in a wide range of applied current, is significant progress in the field of operation and industrialization of RM.
Generation of highly anisotropic physical properties in ferromagnetic thin films controlled by their differently oriented nano-sheets
Authors: Favieres C. , Vergara J. , Magén C. , Ibarra M. R. , Madurga V. 
Published: February 2024

We fabricated ferromagnetic nano-crystalline thin films of Co, Fe, Co–Fe and Co-rich and Fe-rich, Co–MT and Fe–MT (MT = transition metal), constituted by nano-sheets with a controlled slant. Visualization of these nano-sheets by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) showed typically tilt angles ≈56° with respect to the substrate plane, and nano-sheets ≈3.0–4.0 nm thick, ≈30–100 nm wide, and ≈200–300 nm long, with an inter-sheet distance of ≈0.9–1.2 nm, depending on their constitutive elements. Induced by this nano-morphology, these films exhibited large uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in the plane, the easy direction of magnetization being parallel to the longitudinal direction of the nano-sheets. In the as-grown films, typical values of the anisotropy field were between Hk ≈ 48 and 110 kA/m depending on composition. The changes in the nano-morphology caused by thermal treatments, and hence in the anisotropic properties, were also visualized by HRTEM, including chemical analysis at the nano-scale. Some films retained their nano-sheet morphology and increased their anisotropies by up to three times after being heated to at least 500 °C: for example, the thermal treatments produced crystallization processes and the growth of CoV and CoFe magnetic phases, maintaining the nano-sheet morphology. In contrast, other annealed films, Co, Fe, CoZn, CoCu… lost their nano-sheet morphology and hence their anisotropies. This work opens a path of study for these new magnetically anisotropic materials, particularly with respect to the nano-morphological and structural changes related to the increase in magnetic anisotropy.