bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A topographic study of Helicobacter pylori density, distribution and associated gastritis
Authors: Misra Vatsala , Misra Sriprakash , Dwivedi Manisha , Singh Ü Premala Anthony , Bhargava Vanita , Gupta Suresh Chandra 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background and Aims
: The topographic distribution and density of Helicobacter pylori and associated gastritis in the stomach were studied in order to determine which biopsy sites are likely to provide the maximum yield so as to reduce the fallacious results due to sampling error.
Methods
: Fifty patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms were studied. Eleven gastric biopsies from predetermined sites were obtained and subjected to ultra‐rapid urease test, imprint cytology and histology. Haematoxylin and eosin stain was used for defining gastritis and other associated histopathological details. Loeffler’s methylene blue stain was used to confirm the presence of H. pylori in imprint smears and histological sections.
Results
: All 50 patients had H. pylori infection and evidence of chronic gastritis at one or more of the 11 biopsy sites. Maximum and minimum percentage positivity were observed at A3 (antral lesser curvature) and B4 (corpus greater curvature), respectively. Various sites in decreasing order of percentage positivity were A3 > A2 > A1 > A4 > B3 > B1 > A5 > B6 > B5 > B2 > B4. Among the biopsies obtained from the corpus, B3 (corpus lesser curvature) was the site with maximum positivity. A3 and B4 had a statistically significant difference in percentage positivity (P < 0.0001) for H. pylori and gastritis. The maximum and minimum density scores of H. pylori and gastritis were found in A3 and the B4, respectively. A3 had a significantly higher (P < 0.0001) mean density score than any other site in the stomach. The difference in the grading of H. pylori between A3 and B3 (sites of maximum positivity in antrum and corpus) was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). A statistically significant (P < 0.001) positive correlation between increasing grades of H. pylori and gastritis was observed at the site of maximum density. Eighty per cent of the patients had antral predominant gastritis and in 82%, H. pylori was predominantly observed in antral biopsies.
Conclusion
: It is concluded that two biopsies taken from A3 are sufficient for confirmation of presence of H. pylori and associated gastritis for initiation of treatment. However, additional biopsies from B3 will help in deciding the topographic pattern of gastritis.
Real‐time ultrasonographic assessment of antroduodenal motility after ingestion of solid and liquid meals by patients with functional dyspepsia
Authors: Kusunoki Hiroaki , Haruma Ken , Hata Jiro , Tani Hiroshi , Okamoto Eiichi , Sumii Koji , Kajiyama Goro 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background and Aims
: Although antroduodenal motility has usually been studied by using manometric or scintigraphic methods, ultrasonography is an established, non‐invasive method to evaluate duodenogastric motility. We used ultrasonography to evaluate gastric motility in patients with functional dyspepsia.
Methods
: Sixty‐four patients with functional dyspepsia and 36 asymptomatic healthy subjects were given liquid and solid test meals. We investigated the gastric emptying rate, motility index, and duodenogastric reflux for the liquid meal and gastric emptying time, half‐emptying time, and motility index for the solid meal.
Results
: After the liquid meal, the gastric emptying rate and motility index were significantly lower and the duodenogastric reflux was significantly higher in functional dyspepsia patients than in healthy subjects. After the solid meal, gastric emptying time, half‐emptying time and the motility index were significantly lower in the patients than in the healthy subjects. Delayed gastric emptying of both meals occurred in only 20.3% of patients. Delayed emptying of the liquid or solid meal occurred in 62.5% of patients. In both groups, gastric emptying time of the solid meal was positively correlated with the motility index at 15 min post‐ingestion.
Conclusion
: In functional dyspepsia patients, delayed gastric emptying of a solid meal was related to antral hypomotility during the early postprandial phase. Ultrasonographic assessment of gastric motility in both liquid and solid meals may provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia.
Subcellular redistribution of protein kinase C isozymes is associated with rat liver cirrhotic changes induced by carbon tetrachloride or thioacetamide
Authors: Jeong Da‐Hee , Lee Jae‐Hyun , Bae In‐Hwa , Jeong Kyu‐Shik , Jang Ja‐June , Lim In‐Kyoung , Kim Mi‐Ran , Lee Min‐Jae , Lee Yun‐Sil 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground and Aims: Protein kinase C (PKC) plays a key role in the alteration of signal transduction in the liver, which may contribute to the development of liver cirrhosis. The aim of the present study was to examine the subcellular redistribution of PKC isozymes in rat liver cirrhosis, which is induced by two different cirrhotic chemical agents, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and thioacetamide (TAA).Methods and Results: Thioacetamide and CCl4 were administered to rats for 8 and 30 weeks, respectively before rats were killed and autopsies performed at 9, 20 and 30 weeks later. The TAA induced a fibrotic pattern in the liver that differed from that produced by CCl4, notably in the formation of fibrous connective tissue and the proliferation of bile ductule cells. Cholangiofibrosis and clear‐cell foci were also observed in TAA‐treated rats at 30 weeks. Histological examination revealed that severe cirrhotic changes were present 9 weeks after the commencement of CCl4 treatment and 30 weeks after TAA treatment.Discussion: When the subcellular redistribution of PKC isozymes (PKCα, ‐β1, ‐δ, and ‐ɛ) was examined, all the PKC isozymes in CCl4‐treated rats were found to be translocated to the membrane fraction, which may mean PKC activation, and then downregulated by proteolytic degradation after 9 weeks of treatment, which coincided with peak cirrhotic changes. All rats treated with CCl4 recovered to the control level after 20 weeks of treatment. In the case of TAA‐treated rats, PKC isozymes were translocated to the particulate fraction of the liver after 9 weeks of treatment and this persisted in most of the rats for the duration of the experiment.Conclusions: From these results, it would appear that PKC translocation preceded morphologic changes, and that an altered subcellular distribution of the PKC isozyme may be associated with the response to liver damage and carcinogenesis.
Generation of hepatitis C virus‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes from healthy individuals with peptide‐pulsed dendritic cells
Authors: Ito Akihiko , Kanto Tatsuya , Kuzushita Noriyoshi , Tatsumi Tomohide , Sugimoto Yoshiko , Miyagi Takuya , Takehara Tetsuo , Katayama Kazuhiro , Mochizuki Kiyoshi , Hiramatsu Naoki , Kasahara Akinori , Yoshiya Ikuto , Sasaki Yutaka , Hori Masatsugu , Hayashi Norio 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground and Aims: In hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are involved in liver inflammation and contribute to the reduction of viral load. Antibodies for HCV‐CTL precursor frequencies (CTLpf) are relatively low in chronic hepatitis C, and this may be related to the poor CTL response in vivo. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of dendritic cells (DC) as antigen‐presenting cells in CTL generation from low CTLpf.Methods: To confirm the rationale of using DC to prime naive T cells, five HCV‐uninfected indi‐viduals were enrolled in the study. We obtained DC by maturation from peripheral progenitors under stimulation with granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐1α. Autologous T cells were cultured with DC or concanavalin‐A‐induced blasts loaded with four HCV‐derived peptides bearing human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐A*0201 or ‐A24 motifs for 28 days under IL‐7 and IL‐2 stimulation. The lytic activity against peptide‐pulsed targets was assessed by using a [51Cr]‐releasing assay.Results: The DC strongly expressed HLA class I, II, B7–1 and B7–2, but not phenotypic markers of T‐, B‐, natural killer (NK)‐cells or monocytes. The CD8‐positive, HLA‐class I‐restricted and HCV peptide‐specific CTL were generated with DC from HLA‐A antigen‐matched subjects, whereas no CTL activity was detected with concavalin (Con‐A) blasts. We were thus able to generate HCV specific CTL from naive precursors with peptide‐pulsed DC.Conclusions: This DC‐based system can be used to generate CTL of desired antigen specificity, even from a source with low CTLpf.
Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on gastric mucosal phospholipid content and its fatty acid composition
Authors: Orihara Tadahiro , Wakabayashi Hiroyuki , Nakaya Atsuko , Fukuta Kanako , Makimoto Shinya , Naganuma Kotaro , Entani Akio , Watanabe Akiharu 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground and Aims: Whether Helicobacter pylori eradication alters gastric mucosal phospholipid contents and their fatty acid composition remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of H. pylori eradication on gastric mucosal phosphatidylcholine (PC) content and its fatty acid composition.Methods: Endoscopic biopsy specimens were taken from the antrum and body of each of 19 asymtomatic male volunteers for detection of H. pylori, histopathological assessment of gastritis, phospholipid determination and fatty acid analysis. All the subjects with H. pylori infection were treated with eradication therapy. Endoscopy and tissue sampling were repeated again 1 and 6 months after all treatment.Results: In eight subjects, H. pylori infection was evident and was successfully eradicated. Pretreatment degrees of lymphocytes and plasma cells (inflammation) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (activity) were greater in H. pylori‐positive subjects compared with H. pylori‐negative subjects (P < 0.001), whereas the degree of inflammation decreased (P < 0.001), and neutrophils had completely disappeared at 6 months after eradication. Moreover, the gastric mucosal PC contents at the antrum and body were unchanged within 1 month after cessation of treatment, but increased at 6 months after eradication (P < 0.05). At 6 months after cessation of treatment, H. pylori‐eradicated subjects had an increase (+ 30% at antrum, + 18% at body) in linoleic acid composition and a decrease (− 37%, − 43%) in arachidonic acid composition of PC at the antrum and body, respectively.Conclusions: These findings suggest that H. pylori eradication reduces the production of various eicosanoids, resulting in the normalization of gastric mucosal PC content and its fatty acid composition, which may consequently cause the gastric mucosal hydrophobicity to be normalized.
Postoperative detection of α‐fetoprotein mRNA in blood as a predictor for metastatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Minata Mutsuko , Nishida Naoshi , Komeda Toshiki , Azechi Hidemasa , Katsuma Hirokazu , Nishimura Takafumi , Kuno Masato , Ito Teruaki , Yamamoto Yuzo , Ikai Iwao , Yamaoka Yoshio , Fukuda Yoshihiro , Nakao Kazuwa 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: We tested for the presence of α‐fetoprotein (AFP) mRNA by using nested RT‐PCR in the peripheral blood of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who had undergone curative surgery, and investigated the occurrence of intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic metastasis thereafter, to reveal the optimal timing of blood sampling for the prediction of metastatic recurrence.Methods: Twenty‐nine patients with HCC, who had been operated on were analyzed with RT‐PCR at several points during the clinical course, and examined for metastatic recurrence for 3–28 months (mean = 18.7 months) after surgery.Results: The presence of AFP mRNA before surgery was significantly correlated with the tumor size (P = 0.017). Metastatic recurrence was associated with the postoperative detection of AFP mRNA (P < 0.001), but not with the preoperative and/or perioperative detection. Furthermore, AFP mRNA was detected in some cases that showed low serum AFP levels at recurrence. The recurrence‐free period after the detection of AFP mRNA varied from 1 to 12 months.Conclusions: The postoperative detection of AFP mRNA is useful for the prediction of metastatic recurrence, and long‐term follow up with this method should be conducted.
Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic viral hepatitis in the United States of America
Authors: Tong Myron J , Blatt Lawrence M , Kao Vincent WC 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Measurement of serum α‐fetoprotein (AFP) and abdominal ultrasound (US) examination are used for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic liver disease patients. However, the accuracy and usefulness of these tests in a clinical setting in the United States of America have not been clarified.Methods: We conducted a 7‐year prospective surveillance study by using both AFP and US to detect HCC in 602 patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Our main goal was to determine the optimal test for detection of early HCC. We also assessed the clinical outcome of HCC patients identified during this time period.Results: Thirty‐one cases of HCC were detected. Serum AFP levels were elevated in 74% of HCC patients, but was also high in 10% of patients who did not develop HCC. The positive predictive value for AFP to detect HCC was only 12% or less for all AFP cut‐off values, and the maximum joint sensitivity and specificity as determined by receiver operator characteristic analysis was approximately 65 and 90%, respectively. Abdominal US identified all 31 cases of HCC. The positive predictive value for US examinations to detect HCC was 78%, while the sensitivity and specificity was 100 and 98%, respectively. After detection of HCC, 24 (77%) patients died within a mean of 16.7 ± 19.4 months.Conclusions: Our study indicates that US examination was more accurate in detecting HCC. Because of its poor predictive value and low sensitivity, serum AFP should not be used as the only test for screening and surveillance for HCC.
Squamous papilloma of the esophagus: Long‐term follow up
Authors: Mosca Sandro , Manes Gianpiero , Monaco Roberto , Bellomo Patrizia F , Bottino Vincenzo , Balzano Antonio 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Background and Aim: Squamous papilloma of the esophagus is a rare benign tumor; less than 200 cases have been reported in the literature. The prevalence of endoscopically diagnosed squamous papilloma of the esophagus has been reported in only a very few series, and varies from 0.01 to 0.43%. Clinical relevance and possible association with other pathological conditions, namely if it is a premalignant lesion, remain a matter of debate. The etiology is controversial, although a role of human papilloma virus has been recently proposed. The aim of this study was to try to determine the prevalence, clinical relevance, possible association with other pathological conditions of the upper digestive tract, and possible etiological role of human papilloma virus on our series of squamous esophageal papillomas.Methods: Data from a total of 7618 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies consecutively performed in 4 years were obtained. A 4‐year follow up was carried out.Results: Squamous esophageal papilloma was found in nine patients (0.01%). The mean size of polyps was 4 mm and the mean distance from the dental ridge was 25 cm. Only one patient had more than one polyp. Two patients had liver cirrhosis and three had peptic ulcer disease. All squamous esophageal papillomas were removed and tested for human papilloma virus with commercial available kits for in situ hybridization, but none was found positive.Conclusion: Squamous papilloma of the esophagus is an uncommon disease that does not appear to predispose to esophageal cancer. No association was found with human papilloma virus.
Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava (obliterative hepatocavopathy, Okuda)
Authors: Okuda Kunio 
Published: March 2003

AbstractConfusion prevails throughout the world regarding the definition and classification of the Budd–Chiari syndrome. The original patients (Budd and Chiari) described had hepatic vein thrombosis, but this syndrome now encompasses various hepatic venous outflow blocks, of which membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is the most common. This author has been suggesting that the classical Budd–Chiari syndrome or hepatic vein thrombosis and membranous obstruction of IVC or primary thrombosis of IVC at its hepatic portion are epidemiologically, pathologically and clinically different, and that they should be treated as two clinical entities that are not to be mixed. The two diseases have a different onset, different clinical manifestations and a different natural history. Whereas hepatic vein thrombosis is a severe disease with an acute onset, IVC thrombosis presents mildly at onset, but it recurs and eventually turns into a fibrous occlusion of IVC of varying thickness or stenosis of a various degree. The fibrous IVC occlusion is found as a mysterious thin membrane, but is more often much thicker than a membrane, and therefore ‘membrane’ is a misnomer. Although the genesis is not established, formation of a thin membrane may be an outcome of recurrent thrombosis. The past congenital vascular malformation theory no longer holds, because the disease occurs mostly in adulthood, and transformation of thrombosis into a membrane has now been well documented pathologically as well as clinically. This author suggests that a term ‘obliterative hepatocavopathy’ replace membranous obstruction of IVC, the term ‘Budd–Chiari syndrome’ be abandoned, and that primary hepatic venous outflow block be divided into primary hepatic vein thrombosis and primary IVC thrombosis (obliterative hepatocavopathy).
Influence of Helicobacter pylori infection on the prevalence of reflux esophagitis in Japanese patients
Authors: Fujishiro Hirofumi , Adachi Kyoichi , Kawamura Akira , Katsube Tomoko , Ono Masahiro , Yuki Mika , Amano Kazutoshi , Ishihara Shunji , Kinoshita Yoshikazu 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground and Aim:Reflux esophagitis is caused by esophageal motor dysfunction in patients with sufficient gastric acid secretion. Helicobacter pylori causes atrophic gastritis and influences gastric acid secretion. Hiatus hernia (HH) of the esophagus causes motor dysfunction in the lower esophagus. Therefore, this study aimed to test whether H. pylori infection, gastric mucosal atrophy and HH are predictive factors for reflux esophagitis.Methods: Helicobacter pylori infection was examined in 781 patients by the measurement of serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody, bacteriological culture and histological examination of biopsy specimens. The prevalence of HH, endoscopically identified gastric mucosal atrophy (closed‐ or open‐type) and reflux esophagitis were investigated by reviewing endoscopic films. Investigated patients were divided into three age groups, under 49, 50–69, and over 70 years. The prevalence of esophagitis, H. pylori infection, gastric mucosal atrophy, and HH were compared to identify the possible predictive factors for reflux esophagitis by using logistic regression analysis.Results:Sixty‐nine patients with reflux esophagitis were found among the 781 investigated cases. The odds ratios of negative H. pylori infection, endoscopically identified closed‐type gastric mucosal atrophy, and HH for the prevalence of reflux esophagitis were 1.342, 1.751 and 5.527, respectively. These results indicated that the presence of H. pylori infection was only a weak negative risk factor, and that HH was the most reliable endoscopic predictive factor for reflux esophagitis.Conclusion: Helicobacter pylori infection is a weak negative risk factor for the prevalence of reflux esophagitis, while HH is the most reliable predictive factor.
Role of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis in methotrexate‐induced liver injury
Authors: Langman Gerald , Hall Pauline De La M , Todd Gail 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground and Aims:Hepatotoxicity, especially liver fibrosis, is the major concern with long‐term, ‘low‐dose’ oral methotrexate (MTX) therapy for psoriasis. The histological features are non‐specific and resemble those of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Moreover, most of the risk factors of MTX‐induced liver injury are also associated with NASH. In this study, we investigate whether NASH contributes to the prevalence and progression of MTX‐induced liver injury in patients receiving MTX for psoriasis.Methods:Clinical details, including MTX dosage schedules and risk factors for liver injury, was documented for 24 patients on long‐term MTX therapy for psoriasis. Serial liver biopsies were graded according to the Roenigk classification scale and a recently proposed grading and staging system for NASH.Results:Thirteen of the 17 patients who had a NASH‐like pattern of liver injury also had the risk factors for NASH obesity and/or diabetes, and all had progressive liver injury. The other four patients had no risk factors, but a mean cumulative dose of 6.5 g. Seven patients, who did not have a NASH‐like pattern of injury, had a mean cumulative dose of 3.8 g. There was a positive correlation between the cumulative dose, risk factors and progression when the biopsies were scored by the modified grading and staging classification for NASH, but not with the Roenigk system.Conclusions:Non‐steatohepatitis, probably aggravated by MTX, is an important cause of liver injury in patients on long‐term, ‘low‐dose’ MTX treatment for psoriasis. In addition, MTX alone can cause a NASH‐like pattern of injury that is at least, in part, caused by a higher cumulative dose.
Synchronous primary adenocarcinoma, mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and a stromal tumor in a Helicobacter pylori‐infected stomach
Authors: Kaffes Arthur , Hughes Louise , Hollinshead John , Katelaris Peter 
Published: March 2003

Abstract We report the case of a 78‐year‐old man with Helicobacter pylori infection and three primary neoplasms of the stomach: adenocarcinoma, mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and a gastrointestinal stromal cell tumor. Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with gastric carcinoma and MALT lymphoma, although their simultaneous occurrence is rare. Gastrointestinal stromal cell tumors have not been associated with infection to date. This appears to be the first report of the synchronous occurrence of these three gastric tumors.© 2002 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor with metachronous lymph node metastasis after long‐term follow up
Authors: Iimuro Yuji , Deguchi Yasunori , Ueda Yoshihide , Tanaka Akira , Iwasa Yoko , Ishihara Maki , Mizuta Kazuhiko , Yamamoto Yuzo , Ikai Iwao , Shimahara Yasuyuki , Yamaoka Yoshio 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA case of hepatic carcinoid tumor occurring in a 71‐year‐old man is reported. The tumor was diagnosed initially as a hepatocellular carcinoma, and was then shown after resection histologically to be a carcinoid tumor. The tumor cells formed small nests and trabeculae separated by fibrous septa and were positive for Grimelius staining. Immunohistochemically, most of the tumor cells stained positive with chromogranin A and neuron‐specific enolase. After a follow up for 5 years and 7 months, the patient developed tumors in lymph nodes between the remnant liver and the lesser curvature of the stomach with no tumors in other organs. Histologically, the tumor cells in the lymph nodes demonstrated a pattern of the immunostainings consistent with carcinoid tumor. After lymphadenectomy, the patient is free from recurrence in the regional lymph nodes for more than 1 year. This case is con‐sidered to be a primary hepatic carcinoid tumor with metachronous lymph node metastasis.