bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of adrenal surgeon volume on outcome: analysis of 4464 operations from the United Kingdom Registry of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgery (UKRETS)
Authors: Rajan Sendhil , Patel Neil , Stechman Michael , Balasubramanian Sabapathy P , Mihai Radu , Aspinall Sebastian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
There is a surgeon volume–outcome effect in adrenal surgery but the threshold for high-volume surgeon remains controversial. This study aimed to determine predictors of high-risk adrenal operations and to explore whether these should be restricted to high-volume surgeons.

Methods
Patients undergoing adrenal surgery and registered in the United Kingdom Registry of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgery between 2004 and 2021 were analysed. Outcomes included postoperative complications, duration of hospital stay, and mortality. Factors included in multivariable analysis were age, sex, diagnosis, surgical approach, laterality, and surgeon volume. Patients with missing data were excluded.

Results
A total of 4464 of 6174 patients (72.3%) were analysed. Postoperative complications occurred in 418 patients (9.4%) and 14 (0.3%) died. Median duration of hospital stay was 3 (i.q.r. 2–5) days. Co-variables significantly associated with an increase or decrease in postoperative complications (P &lt; 0.050) were age (OR 1.02, 95% c.i. 1.01 to 1.03), adrenal cancer (OR 1.64, 1.14 to 2.36), minimally invasive approach (OR 0.317, 0.248 to 0.405), bilateral surgery (OR 1.66, 1.03 to 2.69), and surgeon volume (OR 0.98, 0.96 to 0.99). An increase or decrease in mortality was associated with patient age (OR 1.08, 1.03 to 1.13), minimally invasive approach (OR 0.08, 0.02 to 0.27), and bilateral surgery (OR 6.93, 1.40 to 34.34). The incidence of postoperative complications was significantly lower above a threshold of 12 operations per year (P = 0.034) and 20 per year (P &lt; 0.001), but not six per year (P = 0.540). Median duration of hospital stay was 2 days for surgeons doing over 20 operations per year, compared with 3 days for those undertaking fewer than 20, fewer than 12 or fewer than 6 operations per year.

Conclusion
Increasing surgical volume is associated with shorter hospital stay and fewer complications. This analysis supports the case for centralization of surgery for adrenal cancer and bilateral tumours to higher-volume surgeons performing a minimum of 12 operations per year.
Floral resources enhance fitness of the parasitoid Hadronotus pennsylvanicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) but not biological control of its host Leptoglossus zonatus (Heteroptera: Coreidae)
Authors: Straser Robert K , Daane Kent M , Stahl Judith M , Wilson Houston 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The diet of adult parasitoid wasps is vital for their survival and reproduction. However, the availability of food resources, such as plant nectar, can vary widely in cropping systems, potentially affecting parasitoid fitness and thereby biological control of pests. The egg parasitoid Hadronotus pennsylvanicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is a potential biological control agent of the pistachio pest Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Coreidae). While H. pennsylvanicus is known to attack L. zonatus eggs in California, USA, parasitism rates in orchards are highly variable. Floral resource provisioning has the potential to enhance parasitoid longevity and thus improve parasitism rates, leading to reduced pest densities. Here, a combination of field and laboratory studies was used to assess the influence of flowering groundcovers on the reproductive fitness of H. pennsylvanicus and the abundance of L. zonatus. Evaluated groundcovers included oat (Avena sativa L.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), white mustard (Sinapis alba L.), and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). Under laboratory conditions, buckwheat and mustard provided the greatest benefit to female H. pennsylvanicus longevity. However, females provided a buckwheat diet produced the greatest number of offspring over the course of their lifetime. In field trials, flowering groundcovers did not influence the abundance of H. pennsylvanicus nor parasitism rates on L. zonatus. While the availability of floral resources can improve the reproductive fitness of H. pennsylvanicus, the use of groundcovers in pistachio did not enhance biological control of L. zonatus.
Resting posture drives the evolution of agonistic displays in bats
Authors: Zhang Chunmian , Ji Ligen , Li Ziji , Lucas Jeffrey R , Feng Jiang , Sun Congnan , Jiang Tinglei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Agonistic displays are one of the most diverse social behaviors that have important functions in animal’s life history. However, their origin and driving factors have largely been unexplored. Here, we evaluated agonistic displays of 71 bat species across 10 families and classified these displays into two categories: (a) boxing displays where a bat attacks its opponent with its wrist and thumb and (b) pushing displays where a bat uses its head or body to hit a rival. We estimated the strength of the phylogenetic signal of the agonistic displays, revealed their origin, and tested the potential evolutionary relationships between agonistic behaviors and body size or resting posture (free hanging vs. contact hanging where the bat is in contact with some surface). We found that agonistic displays were phylogenetically conserved and that boxing displays are the ancestral state. Moreover, we found that bats with a free-hanging resting posture were more likely to exhibit boxing displays than pushing displays. In addition, bats with longer forearms do not have a higher propensity for boxing displays. This study expands our limited knowledge of the evolution of agonistic displays and highlights the importance of resting posture as a driving force in the diversity of agonistic displays.
The haplolethal gene wupA of Drosophila exhibits potential as a target for an X-poisoning gene drive
Authors: Lawler Clancy D , Nuñez Ana Karla Parra , Hernandes Natalia , Bhide Soumitra , Lohrey Isabelle , Baxter Simon , Robin Charles 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A synthetic gene drive that targets haplolethal genes on the X chromosome can skew the sex ratio toward males. Like an “X-shredder,” it does not involve “homing,” and that has advantages including the reduction of gene drive resistance allele formation. We examine this “X-poisoning” strategy by targeting 4 of the 11 known X-linked haplolethal/haplosterile genes of Drosophila melanogaster with CRISPR/Cas9. We find that targeting the wupA gene during spermatogenesis skews the sex ratio so fewer than 14% of progeny are daughters. That is unless we cross the mutagenic males to X^XY female flies that bear attached-X chromosomes, which reverses the inheritance of the poisoned X chromosome so that sons inherit it from their father, in which case only 2% of the progeny are sons. These sex ratio biases suggest that most of the CRISPR/Cas9 mutants we induced in the wupA gene are haplolethal but some are recessive lethal. The males generating wupA mutants do not suffer from reduced fertility; rather, the haplolethal mutants arrest development in the late stages of embryogenesis well after fertilized eggs have been laid. This provides a distinct advantage over genetic manipulation strategies involving sterility which can be countered by the remating of females. We also find that wupA mutants that destroy the nuclear localization signal of shorter isoforms are not haplolethal as long as the open reading frame remains intact. Like D. melanogaster, wupA orthologs of Drosophila suzukii and Anopheles mosquitos are found on X chromosomes making wupA a viable X-poisoning target in multiple species.
An update on the biological parameters of the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Vigo Maria , Galimany Eve , Poch Patricia , Santos-Bethencourt Ricardo , Sala-Coromina Joan , Bahamón Nixon , Aguzzi Jacopo , Navarro Joan , Company Joan B 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus, is one of the most valuable fishery resources in many coastal countries of the Mediterranean Sea and the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. In the Mediterranean Sea, several stocks are being overexploited, with ecological, economic, and social consequences. To perform an adequate stock assessment and provide guidance on maximum sustainable yield, reliable biological parameters of the species are required. Considering that biological parameters may change over time in overexploited populations, in the present study, we updated key biological parameters for the N. norvegicus stock of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea: size at which 50% (L50) of females were in reproductive condition, length–weight relationship, and individual size structure. Moreover, daily landings were combined with the spatial position of the vessels tracked by their Vessel Monitoring System (VMS), to obtain information on the geographical distribution and time series of Landings Per Unit Effort (LPUE), as well as total landings from 2008 to 2021. Our results suggest overexploitation of the resource, revealing a severe reduction in size at 50% maturity, an earlier spawning and brooding period, and a clear decrease of LPUE over time.
Prevalence, inequality and associated factors of overweight/obesity among Bangladeshi adolescents aged 15–19 years
Authors: Ahmed Md Sabbir , Khan Safayet , Islam Mansura , Islam Md Irteja , Hossain Md Musharraf , Khan Bayezid , Yunus Fakir Md 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The objective of the current study was to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of overweight/obesity among Bangladeshi adolescents aged 15–19 y and to identify whether wealth-related inequality exists for overweight/obesity among Bangladeshi older adolescents.

Methods
We analyzed publicly available national representative secondary data from the 2019–2020 Bangladesh Adolescent Health and Wellbeing Survey. This cross-sectional survey was carried out among 18 249 adolescents aged 15–19 y regardless of their marital status using a two-stage stratified sampling technique (the data of 9128 eligible adolescents were included in this analysis). The WHO reference population for body mass index-for-age (1+Z score) was considered as overweight/obesity.

Results
We found that girls had significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher prevalence of overweight/obesity (11.63%) than boys (8.25%); however, their biological sex as well their age were not significantly associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity. Those who were in their higher grade (grade 11 and higher) in the school and had been exposed to media were more likely (1.67 and 1.39 times, respectively) to be overweight/obesity compared with primary grade (0–5) and those who experienced no media exposure, respectively. Inequality analysis revealed that adolescents belonging to wealthy households had significantly higher rates of overweight/obesity than those in poorer households (concentration index=0.093).

Conclusions
The study exhibited the multifaceted nature of overweight/obesity among Bangladeshi older teenagers, revealing that their school grade, exposure to media content and wealth-related inequality emerged as significant contributing factors. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions and public health strategies to address the escalating burden of overweight and obesity in this age group.
Correlation between tibial and femoral bone and cartilage changes in end-stage knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Azari Fahimeh , Colyn William , Bellemans Johan , Scheys Lennart , van Lenthe G Harry 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis is a whole joint disease highlighting the coupling of cartilage and bone adaptations. However, the structural properties of the subchondral bone plate (SBP) and underlying subchondral trabecular bone (STB) in the femoral compartment have received less attention compared to the tibial side. Furthermore, how the properties in the femoral compartment relate to those in the corresponding tibial site is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the structural bone and cartilage morphology in the femoral compartment and investigate its association with those of the tibial plateau. Specifically, tibial plateaus and femoral condyles were retrieved from 28 patients with end-stage knee-osteoarthritis (OA) and varus deformity. The medial condyle of tibial plateaus and the distal part of the medial femoral condyles were micro-CT scanned (20.1 μm/voxel). Cartilage thickness (Cart.Th), SBP, and STB microarchitecture were quantified. Significant (P &lt; &lt;.001; 0.79 ≤ r ≤ 0.97) correlations with a relative difference within 10% were found between the medial side of the femoral and tibial compartments. The highest correlations were found for SBP porosity (r = 0.97, mean absolute difference of 0.50%, and mean relative difference of 9.41%) and Cart.Th (r = 0.96, mean absolute difference of 0.18 mm, and relative difference of 7.08%). The lowest correlation was found for trabecular thickness (r = 0.79, mean absolute difference of 21.07 μm, and mean relative difference of 5.17%) and trabecular number (r = 0.79, mean absolute difference of 0.18 mm−1, and relative difference of 5.02%). These findings suggest that the distal femur is affected by OA in a similar way as the proximal tibia. Given that bone adaptation is a response to local mechanical forces, our results suggest that varus deformity similarly affects the stress distribution of the medial tibial plateau and the medial distal femur.
Can social media combat gender inequalities in academia? Measuring the prevalence of the Matilda effect in communication
Authors: Song Yunya , Wang Xiaohui , Li Guanrong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study sought to investigate whether scholarly impact and academic influence differ between men and women in the field of communication and the extent to which the gender gap has persisted on social media platforms, an arena increasingly used for research dissemination. Data were collected from 10,736 articles, published in prominent communication journals between 2012 and 2022, using a combination of three sources: OpenAlex, Altmetric, and Twitter. The gender of 6,827 first authors was identified using ChatGPT, with an accuracy of 0.94. The findings confirmed the presence of the Matilda effect, indicating a bias toward male scholars in terms of research performance, academic mobility, and online popularity. Furthermore, the study revealed uneven gains between male and female scholars in their use of social media for research dissemination. These results have implications for how science communities can effectively promote research on social media.
Patenting artificial intelligence: the High Court’s decision in Emotional Perception
Authors: Dinev Plamen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In Emotional Perception, the EWHC held that an artificial neural network implementing a media recommendation system did not engage the ‘computer program’ exclusion under the Patents Act 1977. Following the ruling, the UK Intellectual Property Office suspended its existing rules on AI patents and issued fresh guidance on the issue.
Total and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D is not associated with improved sexual dysfunction following vitamin D supplementation in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a pilot study
Authors: Eickman Kira , Maxwell Rose , McGinnis Lynda K , Stanczyk Frank , Legro Richard , Lindheim Steven R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Vitamin D (Vit D) deficiency has been linked to symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), yet little is known about Vit D supplementation as a treatment for sexual dysfunction (SDy) in women with PCOS.

Aim
To explore the implications of serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and bioavailable 25[OH]D (bio-25[OH]D) status and replacement on women with PCOS and SDy.

Methods
Reproductive-age women with PCOS who were not desiring fertility were eligible provided that they also had SDy, as assessed by the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and were without severe depression, as evaluated by the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). Participants were given the recommended dietary allowance of Vit D (600 IU daily) plus hormonal contraception (HC; cyclic ethinyl estradiol/drospirenone) or no HC for 6 months. Comparisons between groups were analyzed by chi-square test and t-test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient analyzed correlations between FSFI with demographics, BDI-II, androgen levels, and total and bio-25[OH]D.

Outcomes
The outcomes included SDy (FSFI &lt;26.55), total and serum bio-25[OH]D levels, and total and free testosterone.

Results
A total of 42 women without severe depression completed the FSFI, with 28 (66.7%) having SDy. All FSFI domains, including arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and pain, were significantly lower as compared with women without SDy, with no associations with respect to demographics, total and free testosterone, or total and bio-25[OH]D. Vit D replacement was initiated with HC (n = 18) or no HC (n = 10), and for those completing the study, FSFI improved (score &gt;26.55) in 61% (11/18) regardless of the treatment group. A time-treatment effect showed a significant change for the domain of orgasm, suggesting that HC had more of an impact than Vit D replacement. Improvement in sexual function as a dichotomous variable was not associated with age, body mass index, other demographics, total and free testosterone, total and bio-25[OH]D, or HC use.

Clinical Implications
Due to the prevalence of SDy in women with PCOS, efficacious treatment options are necessary.

Strengths and Limitations
This study is the first to analyze the effect of Vit D supplementation on SDy in women with PCOS. Limitations included the small number of participants who completed the study, thus limiting meaningful conclusions and generalizability.

Conclusion
Vit D status was not associated with SDy and BDI-II. While HC may have played a role, standard Vit D supplementation could not account for the noted improvement in FSFI in women with PCOS.
Triggers of Anger
Authors: Goldstein Naomi E. S. , Serico Jennifer M. , Haney-Caron Emily , Giallella Christy L. , Kalbeitzer Rachel , Zelechoski Amanda D. , Riggs Romaine Christina L. , Kemp Kathleen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers Session 6 of the Juvenile Justice Anger Management (JJAM) Treatment for Girls. In this session the group participants learn to identify the people, places, and things that might trigger their anger. The group facilitators explain to the girls that they can prevent anger and its consequences simply by avoiding those triggers. The identifying triggers activity will help the participants recognize their triggers as well as behavioral anger responses that often carry negative consequences for the girls. In another activity in this session, the facilitators show each girl how to create a matchbook of her own triggers.
How Do I Stop Myself When I’m Angry?
Authors: Goldstein Naomi E. S. , Serico Jennifer M. , Haney-Caron Emily , Giallella Christy L. , Kalbeitzer Rachel , Zelechoski Amanda D. , Riggs Romaine Christina L. , Kemp Kathleen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers Session 9 of the Juvenile Justice Anger Management (JJAM) Treatment for Girls. In this session the group participants learn how pausing for a brief period rather than acting on their anger immediately can be a useful coping tool for dealing with their anger. The group facilitators emphasize to the participants the importance of allowing a cool-down period rather than reacting immediately. Delaying their response will reduce the risk that the girls will react aggressively and get into trouble. The facilitators use this session’s activities to teach the girls some tools that they can use to delay responses.
Consequences of Anger and the Importance of Setting Goals
Authors: Goldstein Naomi E. S. , Serico Jennifer M. , Haney-Caron Emily , Giallella Christy L. , Kalbeitzer Rachel , Zelechoski Amanda D. , Riggs Romaine Christina L. , Kemp Kathleen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter contains the facilitator materials for Session 2 of the Juvenile Justice Anger Management (JJAM) Treatment for Girls. In this session the participants learn about the consequences of anger and the significance of setting goals. The catch phrase for the session is “Take control by setting a goal.” The facilitators will help the girls to distinguish positive from negative consequences and show them how a situation can go either way depending on the decisions they make. The facilitators should encourage the girls to complete their goal sheets to practice the skills they learned in real-life situations. The chapter also lists the movie clips to be presented in the session to teach the participants about different responses to anger.
Introduction to Social Aggression
Authors: Goldstein Naomi E. S. , Serico Jennifer M. , Haney-Caron Emily , Giallella Christy L. , Kalbeitzer Rachel , Zelechoski Amanda D. , Riggs Romaine Christina L. , Kemp Kathleen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides the facilitator materials for Session 3 of the Juvenile Justice Anger Management (JJAM) Treatment for Girls. This session introduces the concept of social aggression. Social aggression primarily refers to ways that girls are mean to each other without getting physical. The goal sheet for the session focuses on each girl’s ability to be aware of social aggression. Session 3’s catch phrase is “Just like a physical fight, being mean isn’t right.” Possible consequences of both physical and social aggression are described. The chapter also lists the movie clips that feature social aggression and includes the fidelity assessment checklist to present during the session.
Is Anger Normal?
Authors: Goldstein Naomi E. S. , Serico Jennifer M. , Haney-Caron Emily , Giallella Christy L. , Kalbeitzer Rachel , Zelechoski Amanda D. , Riggs Romaine Christina L. , Kemp Kathleen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter contains the participant materials for Session 1 of the Juvenile Justice Anger Management (JJAM) Treatment for Girls. It examines whether anger is normal. The session begins with an icebreaker before identifying positive quality words. The chapter then outlines anger facts, group goals, and group rules. Anger facts describe how everyone gets angry and that they have the right to feel angry and the ability to get angry without losing control. Group goals include dealing with their anger so they will not get in trouble; getting things they want without causing problems for themselves and others; and controlling their anger so others will not control them. A participant feedback form is provided at the end.