bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Somatosensory input to the ventrolateral thalamic region in the macaque monkey: A potential substrate for parkinsonian tremor
Authors: Stepniewska Iwona , Sakai Sharleen T. , Qi Hui‐Xin , Kaas Jon H. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn the present study, we determined the anatomic relationships between somatosensory and motor pathways within ventrolateral (VL) thalamic nuclei of the motor thalamus of macaque monkeys. In labeling experiments, four macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta) received injections of biotinylated dextran amine and wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase into the cerebellar nuclei or internal segment of the globus pallidus and cervical segments of the spinal cord, respectively. Each tracer was visualized in brain sections by sequentially using a different chromogen. Labeled terminals were plotted and superimposed on adjacent brain sections processed for Nissl substance, acetylcholinesterase, and the antigens for calbindin and Cat‐301 to reveal thalamic nuclei. The labeled cerebellar terminals were distributed throughout the posterior VL (VLp), whereas the labeled pallidothalamic terminals were concentrated in the anterior VL and the ventral anterior nucleus. The spinothalamic input was directed mostly to the ventral posterior complex and cells just caudal to it. In addition, the patches of spinothalamic terminations intermingled and partly overlapped with the cerebellothalamic, but not with the pallidothalamic terminations within VLp. The regions of overlap of somatosensory and cerebellar inputs within the VLp of the present study appear to correspond to the reported locations of the tremor‐related cells in parkinsonian patients. Thus, the overlapping spinothalamic and cerebellar inputs may provide a substrate for the altered activity of motor thalamic neurons in such patients. J. Comp. Neurol. 455:378–395, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Catecholaminergic innervation of the septum in the frog: A combined immunohistochemical and tract‐tracing study
Authors: Sánchez‐Camacho Cristina , Peña Juan J. , González Agustín 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn the present study, we have investigated the distribution and the origin of the catecholaminergic innervation of the septal region in the frog Rana perezi. Immunohistochemistry for dopamine and two enzymes required for the synthesis of catecholamines, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine β‐hydroxylase (DBH) revealed a complex pattern of catecholaminergic (CA) innervation in the anuran septum. Dopaminergic fibers were primarily present in the dorsal portion of the lateral septum, whereas noradrenergic (DBH immunoreactive) fibers predominated in the medial septum/diagonal band complex. Catecholaminergic cell bodies were never observed within the septum. To determine the origin of this innervation, applications of dextran amines, both under in vivo and in vitro conditions, into the septum were combined with immunohistochemistry for TH. Results from these experiments demonstrated that four catecholaminergic cell groups project to the septum: (1) the group related to the zona incerta in the ventral thalamus, (2) the posterior tubercle/mesencephalic group, (3) the locus coeruleus, and (4) the nucleus of the solitary tract. While the two first groups provide dopaminergic innervation to the septum, the locus coeruleus provides the major noradrenergic projection. Noradrenergic fibers most likely arise also in the nucleus of the solitary tract. The results obtained in Rana
perezi are readily comparable to those in mammals suggesting that the role of catecholamines in the septum is well conserved through phylogeny and that the CA innervation of the amphibian septum may be involved in functional circuits similar to those in mammals. J. Comp. Neurol. 455:310–323, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Λ‐type neuron model using enhancement‐mode MOSFETs
Authors: Sekine Yoshifumi , Sumiyama Masami , Saeki Katsutoshi , Aihara Kazuyuki 
Published: December 2002

AbstractRecently, research has been actively pursued to implement a neuron, which is the basic unit for building neural networks, in hardware with engineering applications as the objective. Specifically, pulse‐type hardware neuron models, which approximately replicate pulse signals, have been examined as the information transmission stage in the brain. However, a pulse‐type hardware neuron model is a complex circuit and includes inductors. Consequently, there are few practical models. In this paper, we present the Λ‐type neuron model, which is a pulse‐type hardware neuron model built from only enhancement‐mode MOSFETs (E‐MOSFETs), which can be handled in a standard CMOS process, and capacitors, and is useful as a hardware neuron model intended for large‐scale neural networks. First, we show that a Λ‐type negative resistance circuit having a negative resistance that varies over time can be fabricated from E‐MOSFETs, and explain its principle. Next, we show that this negative resistance circuit can be used to fabricate a Λ‐type neuron model from E‐MOSFETs, which can be handled in a standard CMOS process. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(1): 18–25, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10020
Interchip optical interconnection using planar‐type photonic circuit and optoelectronic integrated devices
Authors: Takamori Takeshi , Wada Hiroshi , Sasaki Hironori , Kamijoh Takeshi 
Published: December 2002

AbstractElectrical interconnection on printed circuit boards and other peripheral technologies cannot keep up with decreasing interconnection dimensions and increasing driving clock speed in LSI technology, so that system performance is degraded. This “I/O bottleneck problem” has been recognized as a serious threat in the near future. Optical interconnection has drawn attention as a breakthrough technology to resolve this problem. The authors have been engaged in development of optical interconnection technologies that are capable of providing high‐speed and large‐capacity bus lines connecting spatially separated LSI chips on a printed circuit board. This paper explains the photonic circuit configuration and element technologies for interchip optical interconnection by means of a planar photonic substrate with diffractive optical devices and LSI chips integrated with optical devices. The experimental results obtained to date are introduced. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(1): 9–17, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10024
Large‐tolerant “OptoBump” interface for interchip optical interconnections
Authors: Ishii Yuzo , Arai Yoshimitsu 
Published: December 2002

AbstractOptical interconnection technology for optical interboard and interchip connections will be an important technology in the next‐generation communication equipment seeking a high‐capacity throughput at the terabit per second level. With the objective of establishing an economical optical packaging technology, we propose an “optical I/O chip package,” which is an optical package for the hybrid integration of optoelectric (O/E) devices and LSI chips that can be mounted on a printed‐circuit board by standard surface mount technology (SMT). In this paper, we propose the OptoBump interface as the optical interconnection between the optical package and the board that connects these two elements by forming the microlens on both and using collimated light. Accommodating the fibers on the board and connecting the connectors become unnecessary because the connections having large beam diameters are able to tolerate offsets in the SMT mounting position. First, we calculated the required collimated beam diameter of 104 µm under the assumption of an SMT accuracy of ±50 µm. Next, we applied ray tracing to estimate the optical losses of the 45° mirror at the polymer optical waveguide facet integrated into the printed‐circuit substrate and clearly exhibited the incident beam conditions with both improved losses and tolerances. And we integrated the polymer microlens into the polymer optical waveguide and the surface‐emitting laser (VCSEL) and experimentally evaluated the optical coupling performance between them. The results verified a 1‐dB tolerance at ±50 µm and demonstrated the effectiveness of this proposal. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(1): 1–8, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10025
Performance evaluation of traffic models wherein two streams of nonrandom calls each having different multi‐slot call size are offered
Authors: Hayashi Zenji 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWith the sophisticated and diversified use of communications traffic, there has arisen a need for traffic evaluation of a model in which various nonrandom calls occur at different rates. From such a viewpoint, multitraffic evaluation is proposed. This is a method in which nonrandom calls are approximated by two Poisson call processes with different sizes, and the system is evaluated by a traffic model. This paper improves the conventional multitraffic evaluation and proposes a method that can evaluate a nonrandom mixed model with two kind of calls at different rates. The major points of improvement are as follows. (1) In the conventional method, only the properties of the calls immediately before call arrival are considered, while the proposed method considers the properties of the call to be evaluated immediately before arrival and the properties of other calls at arbitrary times. (2) The specification of various parameters in the multitraffic evaluation as well as the approximation accuracy are analyzed, and an adequate method of calculation is proposed. (3) It is shown that the approximation accuracy may be degraded, if based only on those two approaches, when there exist calls with a large variation coefficient. A means of remedy for such a situation is also presented. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(1): 47–63, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10112
A sequence walking system for genome analysis
Authors: Miura Teruhisa , Takase Toshirou , Ishida Toru 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWith the development of the human genome analysis project, it is becoming possible to utilize large‐scale genome sequence data. One genome analysis method based on large‐scale sequence data is genome sequence walking. Applying sequence walking to the segment sequence database, it is possible to estimate the whole sequence of the gene to which the query sequence belongs by using the gene segment. By sequence walking, the researcher can estimate the genome sequence without going through biological experiments. This saves time and expense in sequence determination. Sequence walking has been performed using the well‐known BLAST. BLAST, however, is a tool based on similarity search, and is not adequate in sequence walking in which the same gene segments are connected, both from the viewpoint of efficiency and from the viewpoint of accuracy. In this study, it is shown that genome sequence walking is not a problem of similarity search, but is a string matching problem permitting error. A system dedicated to sequence walking is constructed by improving the string matching algorithm, which is more suited to sequence walking. The result has been publicized on the WWW. The proposed sequence walking system can realize sequence walking that is faster and more accurate than the conventional sequence walking by BLAST, thus reducing the burden on the researcher. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(1): 64–72, 2003; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10113
Design and realization of intelligent training system SmartTrainer
Authors: Jin Lai , Hayashi Yusuke , Ikeda Mitsuru , Mizoguchi Riichiro , Ohta Mamoru , Takaoka Yoshiyuki 
Published: December 2002

AbstractRecently, demand for in‐house training systems has grown but the methodology remains unclear, and in most cases, development is left to individual experts. The authors proposed the intelligent training system SmartTrainer, with methodology being expressed in terms of ontology. SmartTrainer is a system that supports education and training of operators for service restoration after an accident at a power distribution substation; the cycle of training → knowledge acquisition → training is repeated through flexible use of a simulator. SmartTrainer provides teaching materials including operation‐related problem series (backbone stream), and teaching actions adjusted to the learner's response (rib stream). Rib stream is activated according to the learner's error pattern, while execution of teaching actions is controlled depending on the learner's data (e.g., learning history, enthusiasm). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(1): 73–83, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10114
The effect of injection seeding on terahertz parametric oscillation
Authors: Imai Kazuhiro , Sugawara Satoshi , Shikata Junichi , Kawase Kodo , Minamide Hiroaki , Ito Hiromasa 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe report on the use of injection seeding to narrow the terahertz‐wave linewidths of terahertz parametric light sources [a terahertz parametric generator (TPG) and a terahertz parametric oscillator (TPO)] using a LiNbO3 crystal and a Nd:YAG laser (wavelength 1.06 µm) as a pump light source. In this technique, the light of a Yb:fiber laser (wavelength 1.07 µm) operating in CW mode is injected into the LiNbO3 crystal, which brings about the narrowing of the terahertz‐wave spectral line. Our experiments confirm that injection seeding into the TPG not only narrows the terahertz‐wave spectral line but also greatly improves the input‐output characteristics. When we injection‐seeded a TPO pumped by light from a Nd:YAG laser with a single‐longitudinal‐mode spectrum, we obtained a 200‐MHz spectral line width, which approaches the Fourier‐transform limit. That is, our spectral linewidth was limited by the resolution of the measurement system. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(1): 26–35, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.1115
Actuator characteristic and electrode of multilayer piezoelectric ceramics
Authors: Terada Jiro 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe topic of this research is the investigation of Ag‐Pd internal electrodes used to interconnect layers of multilayer actuator stacks. The layers are made of the piezoelectric ceramic material Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.125−Ti0.49Zr0.385O3 + MnO2 1.0 mass % + Al2O3 0.5 mass % (hereafter referred to as PZNTZ). It is found that when PZNTZ is added to the Ag‐Pd mixing powder in amounts greater than 0.1 mass %, the peeling strength of the electrodes is improved. The data reported here indicate that the addition of this material does not lead to large changes in the electrode resistance, and hence does not compromise its function. Two explanations are offered as to why the addition of PZNTZ produces this effect: first, it decreases the wetting of the electrode at the boundary between electrode and piezoelectric material; and second, it decreases the fluidity of the electrode material in the horizontal (surface) direction that accompanies shrinkage during sintering. When Ag‐Pd with PZNTZ added is used to make electrodes for the internal connections of a tuning fork consisting of multilayer piezoelectric ceramic material, and the tuning fork is driven under conditions that cause it to vibrate at the large amplitude of 25 µm, the tuning fork exhibits markedly superior linearity characteristics, including minimal changes in its resonance frequency. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(1): 36–46, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.1116
On the evaluation of performance of digital watermarking in the frequency domain
Authors: Ejima Masataka , Miyazaki Akio 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWith recent advances in digital technologies, it is now possible to access digital content and create copies easily. As a result, unauthorized copies are taken and the protection of copyright has become a problem. One of the solutions is electronic watermarking, for which various approaches have been proposed. However, since a method of evaluating the robustness of electronic watermarking methods has not been established, it is difficult to discuss superiority among the methods. In this paper, a method for evaluation of electronic watermarking methods using the frequency domain based on the operator representation of the image processing is proposed. By means of the proposed method, electronic watermarking schemes using discrete wavelet transform and discrete cosine transform are evaluated and the effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(4): 38–47, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10013
Optimum design of multistage synchronous sampling rate converter
Authors: Asai Takahiro 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis paper studies the optimum design of a multistage synchronous rate converter consisting of cascaded interpolation circuits by the window method. Two design approaches are proposed. One is a “simple design method” with a good perspective but a limited applicable range. The other is a “general‐purpose design method” that can be applied widely. In this paper, the former is mainly used. The signals are assumed to have a flat spectrum. As the cumulative product rule of the conversion error, the power sum is assumed. By providing the signal bandwidth, required conversion error, and total interpolation rate, optimum values are derived for the half width of the window in each stage and the interpolation rate that minimizes the number of multiplications and the interpolation coefficients. In the range where the “simple design method” is valid (where the signal bandwidth is relatively narrow), the optimum conditions for the number of calculations and for the total number of interpolation coefficients are the same. Then, the dependence of the number of calculations and the total number of interpolation coefficients as well as of the total interpolation rate and the total number of interpolation coefficients is found. A design example is presented. It is shown that highly accurate rate conversion is possible with few calculations. Further, according to the “general‐purpose design method,” it is possible to treat signals with a broad bandwidth (such as 0.92ϕ). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(4): 26–37, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10015
Variable rate MPSK coded modulation using convolutional codes over modules
Authors: Konishi Tatsumi , Yokoyama Mitsuo , Uehara Hideyuki , Ito Hiro 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis paper proposes variable rate MPSK coded modulation systems using convolutional codes over modules. First, we introduce the definition of the convolutional codes over modules and we illustrate the variable rate coded modulation systems. Next, we show that we can produce the best code for the minimum Hamming distance at any practicable rate, but we cannot get the best code for the minimum free Euclidean distance at any rate in the system. Moreover, we examine the performance in AWGN channels and in Rayleigh fading channels, and we present some properties of our systems. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(4): 20–25, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10049
Robustness investigation of DCT digital watermark for printing and scanning
Authors: Mizumoto Tadashi , Matsui Kineo 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis paper reports the effect of printing and scanning on digital watermarks for a hard copy image and investigates the necessary conditions for the watermark to be robust against the printing and scanning process. The effect of the printing and scanning process on the image content is presented first, and that on the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) domain is discussed next. Thus, we have necessary conditions for the watermark to be robust and present a sufficient condition to construct robust watermarking. It is realized by decreasing mutual interference between the embedded elements. This will enable us to make image content common to both the electrical nets and the physical nets. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(4): 11–19, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10059
Realization of geometric illusions using a lateral‐inhibitive shifting model and intrinsic geometry of subjective visual space
Authors: Chao Jinhui , Miyata Yasuhito , Yoshida Shin'ichi , Suzuki Masaki , Kishigami Touru 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA lateral‐inhibitive shifting model is proposed as a computational model of geometric illusions. This model is used to implement typical geometric illusions on a computer. Furthermore, this shifting model is used to naturally derive the Riemann metric and the Gaussian curvature distribution in the visual space as the psychological features for describing an optical illusion. ©2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(4): 1–10, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10060
Convolutional codes over rings for Rayleigh fading channels
Authors: Konishi Tatsumi , Yokoyama Mitsuo , Uehara Hideyuki , Ito Hiro 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a discussion on the convolutional codes over an integer residue ring ZM which are useful for MPSK coded modulation scheme in Rayleigh fading channels. When codes are constructed in Rayleigh fading channels, the most important criterion is the minimum Hamming distance of the codes. Hence, in this paper, a method is proposed to simply derive the convolutional codes over a ring with the largest minimum Hamming distance by using the nature of the ring. Further, the performance of the new codes derived by the proposed method is evaluated by theoretical analysis and simulation. It is shown that the derived codes have excellent performance in fast Rayleigh fading channels. Also, the performance of the codes is investigated in simple Viterbi decoding with the symbol distance expressed with one bit used in place of the Euclidean distance, in order to reduce the complexity of computation of Viterbi decoding. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(4): 48–54, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.1144
Method for solving nonlinear goal programming tasks with interval coefficients using GA
Authors: Taguchi Takeaki , Yokota Takao , Gen Mitsuo 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn this study, the authors proposed a solution for directly using genetic algorithms without linear conversion for solving nonlinear goal programming problems involving interval coefficients. The proposed technique involves directly computing left‐side interval numbers in the goal constraint equation from the genetic algorithm solution and comparing their size with those of the right‐side numbers, for obtaining new difference variables. These difference variables vary depending on the goal type; they are defined using weights which express interval order evaluation criteria. In addition, as an example of application field for this method, the authors studied a large‐scale problem for optimal design of system reliability involving interval coefficients, in order to clarify localization of this method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(4): 55–65, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.1145