bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the chemical state of uranium atom on the energy of spin-orbital splitting of its inner orbitals
Authors: Batrakov Yuri F. , Krivitsky Andrey G. , Pospelov Oleg V. , Puchkova Elena V. 
Published: March 2004

Summary
Chemical shifts (ChSh) of nine emission lines of the uranium L-series in uranium oxides UO2+

x
(x=0-1) with respect to UO2 were studied by using a precise crystal-diffraction X-ray spectrometer. ChSh of Lα
1,α
2 uranium and thorium lines in solid solutions yUO2·(1-y )ThO2 (y=0:1) were measured with respect to UO2 and ThO2, respectively. The changes in energy of spin-orbital splitting (SOS) — Δδnl
± of inner nl-orbitals of the uranium atom were calculated from the data of ChSh of spin-doublet lines. For UO2+

x
oxides, a linear decrease in Δδnl
± values with increasing degree of uranium oxidation was found. Sign inversion of Δδnl
± for uranium levels was found on passing to solid solutions. No change in the SOS energy of inner thorium levels was detected. The values of Δδnl
± were found to correlate with the experimental values of the effective magnetic moment of uranium in oxides.
On the basis of the comparison of experimental Δδnl
± values with Dirac–Hartree–Fock atomic calculations, it was concluded that the observed variations in Δδnl
± values are due to the redistribution of electron and spin density between the 5f
7/2- and 5f
5/2-levels of the fine structure of the uranium atom without changes in atomic charge state. On the basis of the hypothesis of intraatomic relativistic U5f
7/2↔U5f
5/2 transition, a model of paramagnetic moment formation on the uranium atom in uranium dioxide was proposed.
Heterogeneous catalytic redox reactions of neptunium ions in the aqueous system HNO3-HCOOH
Authors: Ananiev A. V. , Shilov V. P. , Moisy Ph. , Madic Charles 
Published: March 2004

Summary
The redox behaviours of neptunium(VI,V) ions in aqueous solutions containing nitric and formic acids in the presence of Pt/SiO2 catalyst have been studied. It was shown that neptunium(VI), being quite stable in 0.1-2.0M HNO3and 0.1-1.5M HCOOH, is reduced effectively to neptunium(V) inthe presence of ∼1 wt. % Pt/SiO2. In the presence of 0.05-0.5M urea (anti-nitrous agent) the reduction of neptunium(VI) proceeds to neptunium(IV) through the stage of the neptunium(V) formation. The effects of the solid-to-liquid mass to volume ratio, the concentration of urea, the concentration of nitricacid, the concentration of formic acid and the temperature on the rates of the Np(VI) and Np(V) reductions in the presence of ∼1 wt. % Pt/SiO2 were investigated. It was proposed that both reactions proceed through the stage of the HCOOH activated adsorption on Pt catalyst. Mechanisms of the Np(VI) and Np(V) catalytic reductions by formic acid were postulated.
Field study of the migration of90Sr,237Np,238Pu and241Am in unsaturated Chinese loess under artificial rainfall condition
Authors: Li S. S. , Liu C. L. , Zhao Y. J. , Wu Q. H. , Wang Z. M. , Ji S. W. 
Published: March 2004

SummaryThe migration of90Sr,237Np,238Pu and241Am in unsaturated Chinese loess under artificial rainfall condition was investigated at the CIRP´s field test site. Quartz containing90Sr,237Np,238Pu and241Am was introduced into an experimental pit and the pit was backfilled. Artificial rainfall of 10-15 mm/d was applied to the experimental pit for 1078 days. HTO was used for obtaining the migration rate of moisture water in the pit. Vertical core soil samples were taken twice a year and cut into 0.5cm long section soil samples. The section soil samples were weighed and wind dried. Radioactivity of237Np and241Am in the section soil samples was measured with a low energy photon detector (HPGe);90Sr and238Pu were determined with a low backgroundα&βdetector after chemical separation. During the experiment, moisture water at different depths was taken on a daily basis and3H in the moisture water samples was determined with liquid scintillation technique. Experimental result indicates that the downward migration rate of moisture water was 2.27 cm/d and the retardation factors of90Sr,237Np,238Pu and241Am in the loess unsaturated zone were 9.9 × 102, 3.2 × 103, 3.2 × 103and 4.5 × 103, respectively. This result suggests that90Sr,237Np,238Pu and241Am could be effectively retarded by the loess unsaturated zone.
Extraction of tetravalent neptunium isoxazolonates as their TOPO adducts
Authors: Banerjee S. , Mohapatra P. K. , Bhattacharyya A. , Basu S. , Manchanda V. K. 
Published: March 2004

SummaryThe extraction behaviour of Np(IV) by 3-phenyl-4-benzoyl-5-isoxazolone (HPBI) in the presence of tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) was investigated from nitric acid medium. The speciation studies, carried out by the slope analysis method, yielded binary species of the type Np(PBI)4when only HPBI was used as the extractant and ternary species of the type Np(PBI)4·TOPO when both HPBI and TOPO were used as the extractants. The two-phase extraction constant for the binary species (logkex) was calculated to be 10.11±0.03, while that for the ternary species was found to be 17.24±0.05. Thermodynamic parameters for the binary and ternary extraction systems were also determined. Both the binary and ternary extraction systems were found to be highly spontaneous processes with predominant enthalpy stabilization. The very high negative entropy factor suggested contribution of unfavourable steric factors.
Comparison of Sleeve Gastrectomy vs Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Hedberg Suzanne , Thorell Anders , Österberg Johanna , Peltonen Markku , Andersson Ellen , Näslund Erik , Hertel Jens Kristoffer , Svanevik Marius , Stenberg Erik , Neovius Martin , Näslund Ingmar , Wirén Mikael , Ottosson Johan , Olbers Torsten ,   BEST Study Group, Laurenius Anna , Torgersson Jarl 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceLaparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are widely used bariatric procedures for which comparative efficacy and safety remain unclear.ObjectiveTo compare perioperative outcomes in SG and RYGB.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this registry-based, multicenter randomized clinical trial (Bypass Equipoise Sleeve Trial), baseline and perioperative data for patients undergoing bariatric surgery from October 6, 2015, to March 31, 2022, were analyzed. Patients were from university, regional, county, and private hospitals in Sweden (n = 20) and Norway (n = 3). Adults (aged ≥18 years) eligible for bariatric surgery with body mass indexes (BMIs; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 35 to 50 were studied.InterventionsLaparoscopic SG or RYGB.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPerioperative complications were analyzed as all adverse events and serious adverse events (Clavien-Dindo grade &amp;gt;IIIb). Ninety-day mortality was also assessed.ResultsA total of 1735 of 14 182 eligible patients (12%; 1282 [73.9%] female; mean (SD) age, 42.9 [11.1] years; mean [SD] BMI, 40.8 [3.7]) were included in the study. Patients were randomized and underwent SG (n = 878) or RYGB (n = 857). The mean (SD) operating time was shorter in those undergoing SG vs RYGB (47 [18] vs 68 [25] minutes; P &amp;lt; .001). The median (IQR) postoperative hospital stay was 1 (1-1) day in both groups. The 30-day readmission rate was 3.1% after SG and 4.0% after RYGB (P = .33). There was no 90-day mortality. The 30-day incidence of any adverse event was 40 (4.6%) and 54 (6.3%) in the SG and RYGB groups, respectively (odds ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.47-1.08; P = .11). Corresponding figures for serious adverse events were 15 (1.7%) for the SG group and 23 (2.7%) for the RYGB group (odds ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.33-1.22; P = .19).Conclusions and RelevanceThis randomized clinical trial of 1735 patients undergoing primary bariatric surgery found that both SG and RYGB were performed with a low perioperative risk without clinically significant differences between groups.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02767505
Stretchable Device for Simultaneous Measurements of Contractility and Electrophysiology of Neuromuscular Tissue in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Oldroyd Poppy , Oldroyd Sophie , Meng Michelle , Makwana Rajesh , Sanger Gareth , Bulmer David , Malliaras George G , Owens Róisín M 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDevices interfacing with biological tissues can provide valuable insights into function, disease, and metabolism through electrical and mechanical signals. However, certain neuromuscular tissues, like those in the gastrointestinal tract, undergo significant strains of up to 40%. Conventional inextensible devices cannot capture the dynamic responses in these tissues. This study introduces electrodes made from poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) that enable simultaneous monitoring of electrical and mechanical responses of gut tissue. The soft PDMS layers conform to tissue surfaces during gastrointestinal movement. Dopants, including Capstone FS‐30 and polyethylene glycol, are explored to enhance the conductivity, electrical sensitivity to strain, and stability of the PEDOT:PSS. The devices are fabricated using shadow masks and solution‐processing techniques, providing a faster and simpler process than traditional clean‐room‐based lithography. Tested on ex vivo mouse colon and human stomach, the device recorded voltage changes of up to 300 µV during contraction and distension consistent with muscle activity, while simultaneously recording resistance changes of up to 150% due to mechanical strain. These devices detect and respond to chemical stimulants and blockers, and can induce contractions through electrical stimulation. They hold great potential for studying and treating complex disorders like irritable bowel syndrome and gastroparesis.
An Angle‐Sensitive Microcolumn‐Based Capacitive Shear Force Sensor for Robot Grasping
Authors: Jiang Jiashun , Lv Chunyu , Lv Tao , Lu Yiming , Wang Xinwang , Li Quanning , Chen Xuejiao , Xie Mengying 
Published: January 2024

AbstractShear force sensors play an indispensable role in tactile perception for robot manipulation tasks. However, recent advancements in shear force sensors have been hindered by issues such as direction sensitivity and integration limitations. This paper proposes a microcolumn array dielectric layer produced using photolithography technology that enables tunability of sensor sensitivity and detection range by adjusting the aspect ratio and interval of the microstructures. Meanwhile, the impact of five constant normal force couplings on the sensitivity of shear force perception is investigated. The structure array with a 1:2 aspect ratio and 600 µm interval demonstrates an ultrahigh sensitivity of 6.189 N−1 and outstanding linearity (R2 = 0.9873) within the range up to 0.1 N. The sensor exhibits low hysteresis and robust stability over 3000 cycles. Additionally, it exhibits remarkable anisotropic direction sensitivity, enabling accurate positioning within a quarter‐circle angle. An intentionally designed orthogonal array is employed to extend the shear angle range up to 360°. Owing to the high performance of the sensor, it is further integrated onto a gripper to facilitate the grasping operation and effectively capture delicate movements. The experimental outcomes highlight that the designed sensor holds promise for applications in robotic applications and electronic skin domains.
Dynamics of The Γδtcr Repertoires During The Dedifferentiation Process and Pilot Implications for Immunotherapy of Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Hao Qing , Li Ruicen , Li Hancong , Rui Shu , You Liting , Zhang Lingyun , Zhao Yue , Li Peiheng , Li Yuanmin , Kong Xinagyu , Chen Haining , Zou Xiuhe , Liu Feng , Wang Xiaofei , Zhou Juan , Zhang Weihan , Huang Libing , Shu Yang , Liu JiaYe , Sun Ronghao , Li Chao , Zhu Jingqiang , Jiang Yong , Wei Tao , Qian Kun , Bai Bing , Hu Yiguo , Peng Yong , Dai Lunzhi , Caulin Carlos , Xu Heng , Li Zhihui , Park Jihwan , Luo Han , Ying Binwu 
Published: January 2024

Abstractγδ T cells are evolutionarily conserved T lymphocytes that manifest unique antitumor efficacy independent of tumor mutation burden (TMB) and conventional human leukocyte antigen (HLA) recognition. However, the dynamic changes in their T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire during cancer progression and treatment courses remain unclear. Here, a comprehensive characterization of γδTCR repertoires are performed in thyroid cancers with divergent differentiation states through cross‐sectional studies. The findings revealed a significant correlation between the differentiation states and TCR repertoire diversity. Notably, highly expanded clones are prominently enriched in γδ T cell compartment of dedifferentiated patients. Moreover, by longitudinal investigations of the γδ T cell response to various antitumor therapies, it is found that the emergence and expansion of the Vδ2neg subset may be potentially associated with favorable clinical outcomes after post‐radiotherapeutic immunotherapy. These findings are further validated at single‐cell resolution in both advanced thyroid cancer patients and a murine model, underlining the importance of further investigations into the role of γδTCR in cancer immunity and therapeutic strategies.
Janus CoMOF‐SEBS Membrane for Bifunctional Dielectric Layer in Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Yoo Hyunjoon , Mahato Manmatha , Kim Ji‐Seok , Oh Saewoong , Garai Mousumi , Nguyen Van Hiep , Taseer Ashhad Kamal , Lee Myung‐Joon , Oh Il‐Kwon 
Published: January 2024

AbstractConsiderable research has been conducted on the application of functional nano‐fillers to enhance the power generation capabilities of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). However, these additives often exhibit a decrease in output power at higher concentration. Here, a Janus cobalt metal–organic framework‐SEBS (JCMS) membrane is reported as a dual‐purpose dielectric layer capable of efficiently capturing and blocking charges for high‐performance TENGs. The JCMS is produced asymmetrically through gravitational sedimentation, employing spherical CoMOFs within a diluted SEBS solution. Beyond its dual dielectric characteristics, the JCMS showcases exceptional mechanical durability, displaying notable stretchability of up to 475% and remarkable resilience when subjected to diverse mechanical pressures. Consequently, the JCMS‐TENG produces a maximum peak‐to‐peak voltage of 936 V, a current of 42.8 µA, and a power density of 10.89 W m−2 when exposed to an external force of 10 N at a 5 Hz frequency. This investigation highlights the potential of JCMS‐TENGs with unique structures, known for their exceptional energy harvesting capabilities, mechanical strength, and flexibility. Additionally, the promising prospects of easily produced asymmetric structures is emphasized with bifunctionalities for developing efficient and flexible MOFs‐based TENGs. These advancements are well‐suited for self‐powered wearables, rehabilitation devices, and energy harvesters.
A Dual‐Mode Programing Nonvolatile Floating‐Gate Memory with Convertible Ohmic and Schottky Contacts
Authors: Zhang Chi , Ning Jing , Wang Boyu , Wang Dong , Zhang Jincheng , Hao Yue 
Published: January 2024

AbstractResearch on van der Waals heterostructures based on stacked two‐dimensional atomic thickness crystals has received considerable attention because of their unique characters and great potential applications in flexible transparent electronics and optoelectronics. In this study, a nonvolatile memory device with a few‐layer bipolar material WS2 as channel and charge‐trapping layers is designed with a floating‐gate structure in which charges (electrons and holes) can be stored in the charge‐trapping layer using a dual‐mode processing program by changing the metal–semiconductor contact type. The device exhibits different programming currents during programming, in particular, the device has a low programming current for programming voltages ˂20 V. Moreover, the heterostructure exhibits a remarkable long retention time (≈10,000 s), with no apparent degradation and a strong endurance, retaining its original performance even after 1,000 programming/erasing cycles. This study proposes a novel method for reducing power consumption while programming to facilitate artificial synapse applications.
Pore parameter selection for fused deposition modeling of gas diffusion layers in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Luo Chuanxu , Choo Hui Leng , Ahmad Hafisoh , Sivasankaran Praveena Nair 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBecause of the global energy crisis, many researchers have focused their efforts on fuel cells. The gas diffusion layer (GDL) is a fundamental component of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The manufacturing procedures for traditional carbon‐based GDLs are sophisticated and energy‐intensive, and have design flexibility constraints, making it difficult to build complicated forms and structures. Additive manufacturing is widely used in a variety of fields, with the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique being the most popular method. Prior to conducting systematic research on the printed GDLs, it is necessary to investigate the pore parameters with the support of FDM technique. In this research, the initial step involves material selection, FDM printer selection, and modeling. Subsequently, printing analysis and sample characterization are conducted to select an acceptable pore shape. A water drainage test determines the appropriate pore size, followed by additional tests for acceptable porosity range. The square pore shape is determined to be more suitable. A pore side length of 1.0 mm is identified. Furthermore, a suitable pore range of 10.9%–30.3% is identified. Next step, the printed GDLs will undergo further testing to investigate their suitability to be used in PEM fuel cells.
Motivations for social and environmental reporting in Spanish SMEs: An inductive content analysis
Authors: Guerrero‐Baena M. Dolores , Castilla‐Polo Francisca , Rodríguez‐Gutiérrez Pablo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study aims to add to the knowledge on the motivations driving SMEs in Spain to engage in voluntary social and environmental reporting (SER). We apply inductive content analysis to information sourced from interviews with SME owner‐managers, complemented with CEO letters. While the paper confirms that there are several co‐existing motivations for SER in SMEs, inconsistencies are identified between the information disclosed in the two aforementioned sources. Overall, stakeholder engagement seems to be the most important motivation for reporting. Contrary to what the literature to date has shown about the relevance of SME owner‐managers' personal values when it comes to disclosing social and environmental information, our findings suggest that individual beliefs and values are not the main factor driving SER. Results also show industry and firm size are determinants of motivations for SER. The study thus contributes to the literature on this underexplored topic by providing insights into the motivations for SER in SMEs. An understanding of these motivations is pivotal to help policymakers focus their efforts on implementing appropriate institutional reforms in this emerging field.
Stable immobilization of lithium polysulfides using three‐dimensional ordered mesoporous Mn2O3 as the host material in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Park Sung Joon , Choi Yun Jeong , Kim Hyun‐seung , Hong Min Joo , Chang Hongjun , Moon Janghyuk , Kim Young‐Jun , Mun Junyoung , Kim Ki Jae 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) have drawn significant attention owing to their high theoretical discharge capacity and energy density. However, the dissolution of long‐chain polysulfides into the electrolyte during the charge and discharge process (“shuttle effect”) results in fast capacity fading and inferior electrochemical performance. In this study, Mn2O3 with an ordered mesoporous structure (OM‐Mn2O3) was designed as a cathode host for LSBs via KIT‐6 hard templating, to effectively inhibit the polysulfide shuttle effect. OM‐Mn2O3 offers numerous pores to confine sulfur and tightly anchor the dissolved polysulfides through the combined effects of strong polar–polar interactions, polysulfides, and sulfur chain catenation. The OM‐Mn2O3/S composite electrode delivered a discharge capacity of 561 mA h g−1 after 250 cycles at 0.5 C owing to the excellent performance of OM‐Mn2O3. Furthermore, it retained a discharge capacity of 628 mA h g−1 even at a rate of 2 C, which was significantly higher than that of a pristine sulfur electrode (206 mA h g−1). These findings provide a prospective strategy for designing cathode materials for high‐performance LSBs.
Enhancing microbial CO2 electrocatalysis for multicarbon reduction in a wet amine‐based catholyte
Authors: Su Kim Hui , Lee Sangmin , Moon Myounghoon , Jong Jung Hwi , Lee Jiye , Chu Young‐Hwan , Rae Kim Jung , Kim Danbee , Woo Park Gwon , Hyun Ko Chang , Youn Lee Soo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMicrobial CO2 electroreduction (mCO2ER) offers a promising approach for producing high‐value multicarbon reductants from CO2 by combining CO2 fixing microorganisms with conducting materials (i. e., cathodes). However, the solubility and availability of CO2 in an aqueous electrolyte pose significant limitations in this system. This study demonstrates the efficient production of long‐chain multicarbon reductants, specifically carotenoids (~C40), within a wet amine‐based catholyte medium during mCO2ER. Optimizing the concentration of the biocompatible CO2 absorbent, monoethanolamine (MEA), led to enhanced CO2 fixation in the electroautotroph bacteria. Molecular biological analyses revealed that MEA in the catholyte medium redirected the carbon flux towards carotenoid biosynthesis during mCO2ER. The faradaic efficiency of mCO2ER with MEA for carotenoid production was 4.5‐fold higher than that of the control condition. These results suggest the mass transport bottleneck in bioelectrochemical systems could be effectively addressed by MEA‐assissted mCO2ER, enabling highly efficient production of valuable products from CO2.
The potential of future foods for a sustainable future
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Xin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFuture foods have attracted widespread attention due to the view of a sustainable supply of food and nutritional health. At present, the food industry still faces high energy consumption and pollution, which have caused enormous pressure on the ecological environment, and raised new requirements for future foods. Food synthetic biology converts raw materials into important food ingredients, functional food additives, and nutritional chemicals through cell factories to solve the unsustainable problem in food processing. As an important component of the food industry, food 3D printing has many advantages including customized food design, personalized and digital nutrition customization, simplifying the food supply chain, and broadening the source of food ingredients, which will make up for the deficiency of traditional food processing technology. The promotion of the research and application of future foods will help to improve the natural environment, alleviate the resource and energy crisis, and achieve sustainable social development.
Dysprosium‐Radical Based Single‐Molecule Magnet Containing a Seven Coordinate Dy(III) Ion: A System for ab initio Study
Authors: Kumar Kushvaha Saroj , Ravichandran Prathap , Dan Chen , Ungur Liviu , Suryadevara Nithin , Ruben Mario , Chandra Mondal Kartik 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSingle–ion magnets (SIMs) possessing a Dy(III) ion have recently attracted huge scientific attention. Herein, we report on a Dy(III)‐radical single–molecule magnet containing a seven‐coordinate Dy(III) ion with an O3N3Cl donor set. The frequency–dependent slow relaxation of magnetization has been observed below 8 K. DC magnetic studies have shown the presence of weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the Kramers ion (Dy(III), J = 15/2) and the ligand‐centered radical electron (S = 1/2) which was confirmed by multifunctional CASSCF calculations.