bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro effects of cyclopiazonic acid mycotoxin on turkey papillary muscles
Authors: Miller Charles D. , Richard John L. , Hembrough Frederick B. , Osweiler Gary D. , Cox David F. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
An in vitro bioassay system was used to study the effects of cyclopiazonic acid (cpa) mycotoxin on cardiac muscle. Acute exposure to 6 μg of cpa/ml of modified Krebs-Henseleit solution significantly (P < 0.05) decreased 5 in vitro turkey cardiac muscle performance criteria: maximal weight a muscle could lift; maximal contraction velocity; relaxation velocity; time to peak contraction; and total time for muscle contraction and relaxation. The effect on these 5 criteria appeared to result from intracellular changes partially associated with calcium availability and were irreversible, suggesting that physiologic changes had developed after acute exposure to cpa.
Clinicopathologic analysis of herpesvirus-induced urinary tract infection in specific-pathogen-free cats given methylprednisolone
Authors: Kruger John M. , Osborne Carl A. , Goyal Sagar M. , O'Brien Timothy D. , Pomeroy Kem A. , Semlak Ruth A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The clinicopathologic manifestations of bovid herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4; FCAHV strain)-induced infection of the lower portion of the urinary tract were characterized in 12 adult neutered male and 6 female specific-pathogen-free cats, and were compared with those in 12 neutered male control cats. Six neutered male and 6 female cats were given immunosuppressive doses of methylprednisolone acetate prior to inoculation of their urinary bladders with bhv-4. Six neutered male control cats were given immunosuppressive doses of methylprednisolone acetate prior to inoculation of their urinary bladders with uninfected tissue culture control inoculum. Six additional neutered male control cats were exposed only to uninfected tissue culture control inoculum. All cats were observed for 90 days following inoculation. Dysuria and gross hematuria were observed in only 1 bhv-4-exposed cat. Radiographic abnormalities of the lower portion of the urinary tract were not observed. Microscopic hematuria, crystalluria, and lipiduria were identified with similar frequency in bhv-4-exposed and control cats. Results of urine culturing for bacteria, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, and viruses were negative. Viruses were not isolated from blood leukocytes collected from exposed or control cats. Three to 6 weeks after inoculation, high concentrations of bhv-4 serum antibodies were detected in all exposed cats by an indirect fluorescent antibody test.
Light microscopic examination of the urinary tract revealed multifocal lymphoid cystitis in 2 bhv-4-exposed cats. Except for suppurative bronchitis in 1 bhv-4-exposed cat given glucocorticoids, morphologic differences in urinary and extraurinary tissues were not observed. In urinary bladder tissue collected 90 days after inoculation, bhv-4 was reisolated from urinary bladder explants of all but 1 exposed cat. Virus was also isolated from a kidney explant of 1 exposed male cat, and spleen cell cocultures of 1 exposed female cat given glucocorticoids.
Bovid herpesvirus-4 (FCAHV strain) caused persistent urinary tract infections in male and female specific-pathogen-free cats. Detection of occult bhv-4 infection required isolation of virus from tissues by explantation, or demonstration of specific bhv-4 antibodies by immunofluorescent techniques. Administration of glucocorticoids prior to inoculation did not enhance morbidity associated with bhv-4 urinary tract infection. Further investigations are needed to determine the pathogenic role of bhv-4 in noninduced feline lower urinary tract disease.
Interferon and 2′,5′-oligo(A) synthetase activities in serum and blood mononuclear leukocytes of cattle after injection of bovine interferon-α1
Authors: Perino Louis J. , Short Everett C. , Burge Lurinda J. , Winter Douglas A. , Fulton Robert W. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Cell extracts that were prepared from blood mononuclear leukocytes from 66 samples obtained from 6 clinically normal calves contained mean 2′,5′-oligoadenylate (2′,5′-oligo[A]) synthetase activity sufficient to synthesize 186 ± 82 pmol of 2′,5′-oligo(A)/h/106 cells. Calves had no measurable serum interferon (ifn) activity. Five calves were given im injections of 104, 105, 5 × 105, 106, and 107 U of bovine ifn-α1/kg of body weight at 2-week intervals. Five dosing sequences were used with a 5 × 5 Latin square design so that each calf received each dose once. Activity of 2′,5′-oligo(A) synthetase increased at 24 hours in response to all dosages of ifn and then declined following first-order kinetics, with an apparent half-life (t½) of 2.1 ± 0.5 days. The area under the concentration-time curve for 2′,5′-oligo(A) synthetase increased with dose of ifn more rapidly than did peak response. Serum ifn that was measured at 1-day intervals following administration of ifn was consistently measurable only at dosages above 106 U of ifn/kg. The t½ for circulating ifn was 12.4 ± 1.0 hours. Over all dosages, increases in 2′,5′-oligo(A) synthetase activity were measurable for 3.5 days longer than were increases in ifn following im injection of ifn. None of the calves developed detectable anti-ifn antibodies.
Diagnosis of transplacentally induced toxoplasmosis in pigs
Authors: Dubey J. P. , Urban J. F. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Seventeen sows were fed 1,000 Toxoplasma gondii oocysts of isolates GT-1 or PT-1 at 32 to 92 days of gestation, and the products of conception were examined for T gondii anibodies and parasites. Twelve of these sows were euthanatized near term between 21 and 62 days after being fed T gondii; fetal body fluids or fetal sera were examined for agglutinating T gondii antibodies, and tissues were bioassayed in mice for T gondii parasites. Six sows produced pigs that had been transplacentally infected with T gondii; one of them aborted a T gondii-infected fetus 17 days after ingesting oocytes.
Agglutinating antibodies were detected in fetuses infected in utero, but transplacental transfer of T gondii antibodies was not observed in noninfected fetuses. Transcolostrally acquired T gondii antibodies disappeared by 3 months of age. Diagnosis of transplacental toxoplasmosis was confirmed on the basis of detection of T gondii organisms in fetal tissues by use of histologic examination and bioassay in mice. In conclusion, finding of T gondii antibodies in body fluids could serve as a rapid screening test for transplacental T gondii infection in pigs.
Alteration of intestinal enzyme activities associated with extensive large-colon resection in horses
Authors: Bertone Alicia L. , Toofanian Farshid , Stashak Ted S. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Lactase, maltase, sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were determined in the intestinal mucosa from 3 locations in the small intestine and 4 locations in the large intestine 1 year after extensive large-colon resection (group 1; n = 5) and 1 year after sham operation (group 2; n = 3) in horses.
Lactase, maltase, and sucrase activities were similar (P > 0.05) between group-1 and group-2 horses in all locations measured in the intestinal tract. Alkaline phosphatase activity in the remaining large colon of group-1 horses was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than the activity in the large colon of group-2 horses. Decreased apparent digestion of phosphorus and a negative phosphorus balance are persistent features of large-colon resection in horses. Increases in alkaline phosphatase activity in the remaining colon of horses with extensive large-colon resection may be a specific functional adaptive mechanism that attempts to counteract the derangements in phosphorus metabolism.
Immunologic factors related to survival and performance in neonatal swine
Authors: Tyler Jeff W. , Cullor James S. , Thurmond Mark C. , Douglas Vicki L. , Parker Kent M. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Logistic regression was used to develop models predicting preweaning survival in 334 neonatal swine. Measured risk factors included birth weight, litter size (live born), dam parity, serum IgG concentration, serum elisa titers recognizing common gram-negative core antigens, and serum concentrations of the third component of complement. Larger birth weights were associated with increased probability of preweaning survival. The highest mortality was observed in litters with more than 12 pigs. Pigs with serum concentration of the third component of complement (C3) in the lowest stratum, < 20% adult pooled C3 standard (APC3), had reduced mortality, compared with high (> 38% APC3) and middle (20 to 38% APC3) groups. Associations between all other variables, including total serum IgG concentration and preweaning survival were not significant. Few pigs had hypogammaglobulinemia, < 3% of the study population had serum IgG concentrations < 1 g/dl. Of all measured variables, only birth weight and dam parity were significant predictors of preweaning gain. Larger pigs and pigs born to third or greater parity dams had more preweaning gain than other pigs.
Maturation of spinal-evoked potentials to tibial and ulnar nerve stimulation in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Steiss Janet E. , Wright James C. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Spinal-evoked potentials were recorded from 2 litters of clinically normal mixed-breed dogs between 35 and 300 days of age. Summated responses to tibial nerve stimulation were recorded from percutaneous needle electrodes placed at L7-S1, L4-5, T13-L1, C7-T1, and the cisterna cerebellomedullaris. The ulnar nerve was stimulated with recordings at C7-T1 and the cisterna cerebellomedullaris. Amplitudes did not change significantly with age, but were significantly (P < 0.05) different between various recording sites. On day 35, segmental and overall (L7-cisterna cerebellomedullaris) conduction velocities were less than half of the adult values. Spinal cord conduction velocities increased with age, reaching adult values at approximately 9 months of age. It was determined that quadratic equations best predicted the conduction velocities during maturation.
Postadulticide pulmonary hypertension of canine heartworm disease: Successful treatment with oxygen and failure of antihistamines
Authors: Rawlings Clarence A. , Tackett Randall L. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Postadulticide pulmonary hypertension mechanisms and treatment with antihistamines and supplemental oxygen were studied in eight dogs with heartworm disease. To ensure severe postadulticide thromboembolism, additional heartworms (either 20 or 40 into 4 dogs each) were transplanted into naturally infected dogs before thiacetarsamide treatment. During pentobarbital anesthesia, 2 pulmonary hemodynamic studies were conducted on each dog with a sequence of baseline, hypoxia with FlO2 = 10%, hyperoxia with FlO2 = 100%, a second baseline, treatment with either diphenhydramine (D) or cimetidine (C), and another hypoxia.
All dogs were pulmonary hypertensive, with each dog having a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PPA) > 20 mm of Hg. Mean PPA increased from baseline conditions (25.0 ± 4.5 SD for D and 24.3 ± 4.4 for C) to hypoxia (28.5 ± 4.7 for D and 28.4 ± 3.7 for C), and decreased during hyperoxia (16.9 ± 3.0 for D and 17.4 ± 3.0 for C), respectively. Neither antihistamine reduced PPA at normoxia. The degree of pulmonary hypertension when breathing room air increased even more during hypoxia, and this increase was not attenuated by either antihistamine. Histamine did not appear to mediate pulmonary hypertension during postadulticide thromboembolism, nor to modify the hypoxia-mediated pulmonary hypertension at this disease stage. Because baseline PO2 was low (66.6 ± 11.7 mm of Hg for D and 69.4 ± 14.2 for C) and because PPA decreased during administration of oxygen, the pulmonary hypertension was mostly hypoxia-induced. In addition to the arterial lesions, much of the pulmonary hypertensive mechanism was an active and reversible vasoconstriction in response to hypoxia caused by the secondary lung disease. Supplemental oxygen to dogs with pulmonary hypertension could reduce PPA and right ventricular afterload. This study supports the use of oxygen, but not antihistamine drugs, in the treatment of postadulticide heartworm disease in dogs that are hypoxic, with signs of congestive heart failure or dyspnea.
Effects of cyclophosphamide in newly hatched chickens after inoculation with avian nephritis virus
Authors: Narita Minoru , Kawamura Hitoshi , Furuta Kenji , Shirai Junsuke , Nakamura Kikuyasu 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Effects of immunosuppression were compared in newly hatched chickens given cyclophosphamide (cy) after inoculation with avian nephritis virus (anv). All cy-treated infected chickens died within 13 days after inoculation of the virus and had heavy urate deposits throughout the body. However, non-cy-treated infected, cy-treated noninfected, and non-cy-treated noninfected control chickens survived through the observation period. In a chronologic study, the value of serum uric acid in cy-treated infected chickens was more than 3 times higher than that in non-cy-treated infected chickens, and more than 9 times higher than in noninfected chickens. Serum uric acid values were coincident with the positive degree of anv antigen in the tubular epithelial cells in the kidneys and with the severity of renal degeneration. Serologic and immunohistologic examinations did not reveal detectable antibody and IgG- and IgM-containing cells in the spleen and kidneys of cy-treated infected chickens. However, non-cy-treated infected chickens had an increased number of IgM- and IgG-containing cells and antibody against anv on postinoculation day 6. These findings demonstrated that cy treatment enhanced the susceptibility of chickens to anv infection.
Effect of gentamicin administration on the neuromuscular blockade induced by atracurium in cats
Authors: Forsyth Sandra F. , Ilkiw Jan E. , Hildebrand Susan V. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Atracurium besylate, a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, was administered as an infusion to 8 anesthetized cats in which neuromuscular blockade was assessed, using the train-of-four response. Once 50% depression of the first-twitch (T1) response was achieved, the infusion was held constant for 60 minutes before being discontinued and the recovery time was determined. The time for recovery was recorded as the time for the train-of-four ratio (T4 ratio) to increase from 50% to 75%. After-recovery, atracurium infusion was reinstituted and the cats were again maintained for 60 minutes at 50% depression. A single bolus of gentamicin sulfate (2.0 mg/kg of body weight) was administered iv, and the infusion was continued for another 60 minutes before it was discontinued and the time for recovery was recorded.
Within 1 minute of gentamicin administration, the mean ± SD T1 response decreased from 49 ± 5% to 33 ± 8% of baseline and the T4 ratio decreased from 28 ± 19% to 14 ± 11%. Peak effect occurred at 5 minutes, with a T1 response of 29 ± 6% of baseline and a T4 ratio of 13 ± 12%. By 60 minutes after gentamicin administration, the T1 response had increased to 38 ± 7% of baseline and the T4 ratio had increased to 21 ± 13%. The time for recovery significantly (P < 0.03) increased from 9.9 ± 3.4 minutes during the control study to 18.1 ± 10.7 minutes during the gentamicin study.
In this study, gentamicin potentiated the neuromuscular blockade induced by atracurium and increased the recovery time. Residual blockade, observed after gentamicin administration was reversed with edrophonium.
Method for obtaining bovine zygotes produced in vivo
Authors: Ellington Joanna E. , Farrell Paul B. , Simkin Michael E. , Foote Robert H. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
A superovulatory and surgical protocol was developed for recovery of bovine zygotes. Holstein cows and heifers were given follicle-stimulating hormone and cloprostenol to induce superovulation. Surgical cannulation and lavage of the uterine tube was performed 40 to 48 hours after the start of standing estrus. In general, cows had more corpora hemorrhagica than did heifers, but a higher percentage (P < 0.05) of ova recovered from cows were infertile. Several heifers were subjected to the procedure twice, and embryo recovery rates were equivalent both times.
Plasma hormone concentrations after administration of dexamethasone during the middle of the luteal phase in cows
Authors: Vighio Ghulam H. , Liptrap Robert M. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The effect of glucocorticoids on gonadal steroid and gonadotropic hormone concentrations and subsequent follicular activity in cows undergoing normal estrous cycles was evaluated by administration of dexamethasone (DXM) during the middle of the luteal phase. Seven cows were given physiologic saline solution twice daily from day 13 to day 17 of the estrous cycle (control experiment). During the next estrous cycle, cows were administered dxm (2 mg, im) twice daily on days 13 through 17. Plasma specimens obtained twice daily throughout the control and dxm-treatment cycles were assayed for progesterone and estradiol concentrations. The appearance of estrus after dxm treatment was delayed until days 23 to 25 in 3 cows and was not seen by day 35 in the other 4 cows, compared with mean (± sd) cycle length of 22.4 ± 3.2 in cows during the control experiment. Progesterone concentration remained significantly (P < 0.01) high on days 19 to 23, whereas estradiol values failed to increase (P < 0.05) on days 19 and 20 after treatment with dxm.
Blood samples were obtained at 15-minute intervals for 12 hours to compare (by analysis of covariance) the effect of dxm treatment on plasma hormone concentrations on day 15 of each cycle with those of day 10. Compared with values during the control experiment, a significant (P < 0.05) decrease was observed in the size of the pulses of luteinizing hormone (lh) and estradiol, although the number of pulses of each hormone per 12 hours was not affected when cows were given dxm. Baseline concentrations of lh and estradiol were not altered by type of treatment. Change in variables describing progesterone secretion was not seen. Results indicate that high glucocorticoid concentrations in the middle of the cycle may delay the onset of the next estrus. This delay appears to be attributable to prolonged luteal activity that may be associated with reduction in pulsatile estradiol secretion as a consequence of suppressed lh concentration in the middle of the cycle.
Modified transvenous endomyocardial biopsy technique in dogs
Authors: Keene Bruce W. , Kittleson Mark E. , Atkins Clarke E. , Rush John E. , Eicker Steven W. , Pion Paul , Regitz Vera 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
A technique for transvenous endomyocardial biopsy of the right ventricle was developed and evaluated for safety and efficacy in healthy dogs and dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy positioned in lateral recumbency. This technique allowed acquisition of multiple biopsy specimens from the right ventricle of each of 22 hemodynamically normal dogs and 40 of 42 dogs with congestive heart failure. In 2 dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy, transvenous access to the right ventricle could not be achieved, but left ventricular biopsy was performed without complication. Complications were infrequent, and dogs recovered to at least their baseline status within 48 hours. Evaluation of the efficacy and complication rate of the procedure with each of the 2 biopsy instruments currently available identified no differences between them.
Correlation of brain stem auditory-evoked responses with cranium size and body weight of dogs
Authors: Pook Harold. A. , Steiss Janet E. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Brain stem auditory-evoked responses were recorded in 9 male and 11 female clinically normal mature dogs, weighing between 2 and 36 kg. Mean wave latency for the entire group of dogs, using 60-dB hearing level click stimuli at 11/s for waves I to VII was: 1.41, 2.21, 2.85, 3.31, 3.71, 5.12, and 6.46 ms, respectively. The mean interpeak latency for waves I and V (ipliv) was 2.32 ms. Neither gender nor ear effect was detectable.
Positive correlation was observed between cranium length, cranium width, nasion-external auditory meatus interval, and body weight for wave-V latency and ipliv. Such correlation was not documented for wave I. The regression equations for their effects on ipliv were: cranium length, y = 0.05x + 1.85; cranium width, y = 0.07x + 1.32; nasion-external auditory meatus interval, y = 0.05x + 1.79; and body weight, y = 0.01x + 2.15. On the basis of any of the 3 variables of cranium size or body weight, the study population could be classified into groups of large and small dogs, with the large group having significantly (P < 0.05) longer latency for wave V and ipliv. It is recommended that the effect of size variation in dogs on brain stem auditory-evoked responses should be compensated for by use of the regression equation based on cranium length.
Atypical cilia in the oviductal epithelium of healthy prepubertal gilts
Authors: Roperto F. , Galati P. , Papparella S. , Campofreda M. , Rossacco P. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Specimens of the uterine tube epithelium (ampulla) were obtained from 20 healthy, prepubertal, ovariohysterectomized gilts. A 2 to 3% proportion of atypical cilia was observed. Of 6,600 transversely sectioned cilia, 122 (1.8%) had microtubular disorganization, whereas 444 of 48,080 totally examined cilia (0.9%) were compound, 104 (0.2%) were swollen, and 44 (0.09%) were intracytoplasmic.