bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Morgan Hill Earthquake of April 24, 1984—Effects on United Technologies Corporation
Authors: Gates William E. 
Published: July 2003

United Technologies Chemical Systems Division, a manufacturer of rocket engine propellants, was situated in close proximity to the Calaveras fault. Soil conditions and fault rupture mechanisms produced anomalously high ground motion at the site. The main plant complex insisted of more than 130 buildings, constructed within the past 25 years to building code standards that considered earthquakes. Damage to buildings was not extensive and was limited to the structures founded in the valley on loose alluvial deposits. Most of the damage was associated with nonstructural building elements and equipment. Estimated repair costs exceeded $1.25 million. No lives were lost and only minor injuries were experienced. Important observations include: (1) soil amplification effects increased damage, and (2) that persons who had received blast response training responded far better than those who were not exposed to such training.
Assessing Seismic Response of Utah Gas Systems
Authors: McDonough Peter W. , Taylor Craig E. 
Published: July 2003

The potential damage to lifelines from even moderate earthquakes can have significant and widespread effects on community well-being. Recently, under the sponsorship of the United States Geological Survey, researchers from California cooperated with a utility in Utah to analyze the seismic safety of natural gas facilities in Utah. They identified pipelines by system importance, size, and material, and then assessed the probability of structural damage to these components. These estimates, which reflect knowledge of Wasatch Front fault mechanisms, and an ability to model numerous seismic events by computer, are yielding significant knowledge of possible piping responses. Project results included the number and location of possible pipeline breaks for various seismic events. This information was used to estimate gas loss and resultant system pressures. This, in turn, is currently being used to guide future system reinforcements, replacements, and installation of emergency system isolation valves. This project, involving the close interaction of both the utility and the research firm, is a good example of the type of practical research needed by industry.
Seismic Response of a Large-Span Roof Diaphragm
Authors: Celebi Mehmet , Bongiovanni Giovanni , Safak Erdal , Brady A. Gerald 
Published: July 2003

Records obtained from the West Valley College Gymnasium in Saratoga, California during the 1984 Morgan Hill earthquake are used to study the dynamic behavior of the overall gymnasium as well as its flexible diaphragm. The ground-level motions recorded in the two orthogonal axes of the structure differ considerably in peak acceleration and amplify by approximately 1.5 times at the roof edges and by 4-5 times at the center of the diaphragm. The diaphragm responds with a frequency of approximately 4 Hz in both orthogonal axes. A simple finite-element model is used to match the fundamental frequency of the diaphragm with that from the records. Using this model and the ground-level motions as input, the diaphragm center displacements are calculated by varying the structural damping. Best comparisons are obtained for 5% damping. These results are discussed in terms of the code provisions.
Ground-Motion Attenuation Equations for Earthquakes on the Cascadia Subduction Zone
Authors: Crouse C. B. 
Published: July 2003

An extensive ground-motion data base was compiled for earthquakes occurring in subduction zones considered representative of the Cascadia subduction zone in the Pacific Northwest. The attenuation characteristics of horizontal peak ground accelerations (PGA) and 5 percent damped pseudovelocity (PSV) were studied for various subsets of the total data base. These data suggested that the PGA tend to saturate at small source-to-site distances and large magnitudes. When unprocessed data were added to the data base, the attenuation of PGA with distance was found to be greater than the attenuation observed for the processed data only, a result which was attributed to the selection of only the stronger motion records for processing. The results of the data analysis were used to establish the proper form of regression equations for estimating PGA and PSV at firm-soil sites in the Pacific Northwest. A total of 697 PGA components and 235 PSV components were selected for the regressions. The resulting equation for estimating PGA in gals was ln (PGA) = 6.36 + 1.76M − 2.73 ln (R + 1.58 exp (0.608M) + 0.00916h, σ=0.773 where M is moment magnitude, R is center-of-energy-release distance in km, h is focal depth in km, and σ is the standard error of ln (PGA). Although σ was relatively large, the residuals from the regressions appeared to decrease with increasing M and R. The results of the PSV regressions showed that the M coefficient and the coefficient of the f(R, M) attenuation term generally increased with period, which is consistent with regression results reported by others. The regression equations were reasonably accurate in predicting the response spectra of accelerograms recorded at Olympia and Seattle, Washington during the 1949 and 1965 Puget Sound earthquakes, but overestimated the spectra of the weaker motions recorded at Tacoma and Portland during the latter event. The median response spectra predicted by these equations for a Washington Coastal Ranges site were similar to the spectra computed by Heaton and Hartzell based on their simulations of ground motions from hypothetical giant earthquakes (M = 9.0 and 9.5) in the Pacific Northwest.
Pilot Studies of Seismic Hazard and Risk in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Thenhaus Paul C. , Hanson Stanley L. , Effendi Ismet , Kertapati Engkon K. , Algermissen S. T. 
Published: July 2003

Earthquake ground motions in North Sulawesi on soft soil that have a 90 percent probability of not being exceeded in 50 years are estimated to be 0.63 g (63 percent of the acceleration of gravity) at Palu, 0.31 g at Gorontalo, and 0.27 g at Manado. Estimated ground motions for rock conditions for the same probability level and exposure time are 56 percent of those for soft soil. The hazard estimates are obtained from seismic sources that model the earthquake potential to a depth of 100 km beneath northern and central Sulawesi and include the Palu fault zone of western Sulawesi, the North Sulawesi subduction zone, and the southern most segment of the Sangihe subduction zone beneath the Molucca Sea. An attenuation relation based on Japanese strong-motion data and considered appropriate for subduction environments of the western Pacific was used in determination of ground motions. Field investigations following the 18 April 1990 North Sulawesi earthquake (Ms 7.3) established the Modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) distribution throughout Kodya Gorontalo (the mayorial province of Gorontalo). The total number of masonry houses (permanent and semipermanent dwellings) within the MMI V isoseismal was approximated from housing counts obtained from a sampling of 19 villages. From the post-earthquake damage investigation and from comparisons to masonry construction in the United States, a vulnerability curve was constructed for masonry housing in Gorontalo. Assuming an average value for a house of $1,053, total economic loss to masonry housing from the 18 April 1990 earthquake is estimated to be $1,198,578, a loss equivalent to the destruction of 9.6 percent of the masonry dwelling stock of Gorontalo. Simulation of the earthquake history for the past 31 years within 300 km of Gorontalo indicates an average annual loss to masonry housing of $358,609, or $30 on a per house basis. Catastrophe potential (a worst-case loss) for masonry housing in Gorontalo that has a 90 percent probability of not being exceeded in 250 years is estimated to be $3,083,525, a loss equivalent to the destruction of 25 percent of the masonry dwelling stock of Gorontalo.
Low-Rise Shear Wall Ultimate Drift Limits
Authors: Duffey T. A. , Farrar C. R. , Goldman A. 
Published: July 2003

Drift limits for low aspect ratio reinforced concrete shear walls are investigated by reviewing the open literature for appropriate experimental data. Based on the geometry of structures designed for protective purposes and concerns regarding their response during seismic loading, data are obtained from pertinent references for which the wall aspect ratio is less than or equal to approximately 1, and for which loading is cyclic in nature (typically displacement controlled). In particular, lateral deflections at ultimate load, and at points in the softening region beyond ultimate for which the load has dropped to 90, 80, 70, 60, and 50 percent of its ultimate value, are obtained and converted to drift information. The statistical nature of the data is also investigated. For example, at ultimate load the median drift limit is 0.72 percent, and it increases to 1.84 percent when the load drops to 50 percent of its ultimate value. These data are shown to be lognormally distributed, and an analysis of variance is performed. The use of these statistics to estimate probability of failure for a shear wall structure is illustrated. Finally, a brief comparison of drift limit results with existing seismic design code requirements is presented.
Anatomy of Plant Cells
Authors: Wetzstein Hazel Y. , He Yi 
Published: July 2003

AbstractIntroductionLeaf Anatomy ofIn Vitro‐Grown PlantsHyperhydricityAnatomy of Somatic Embryogenic CulturesAnatomy of Organogenic CulturesAnatomy of Plant ProtoplastAnatomy of Cell Suspension CulturesAnatomy of Callus CulturesBibliography
Disease Resistance in Transgenic Plants
Authors: Robison Mary , Pauls K. Peter 
Published: July 2003

Abstract

Introduction

The Plant Resistance Response

Resistance from
R
Genes

Resistance from Manipulation of Reactive Oxygen Species

Resistance from Cell Death

Resistance from Pathogenesis‐Related Proteins

Resistance from Phytoalexins

Resistance from Antimicrobial Peptides and Proteins

Pathogen‐Derived Resistance

Resistance from Novel Sources

Conclusions

Bibliography
Measurement of Cell Viability
Authors: Butler M. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractIntroductionDye ExclusionVital StainsDual Fluorescent StainingRelease of Radioactive Chromium (51Cr)Tetrazolium AssayColony‐Forming AssayLactate Dehydrogenase DeterminationIntracellular Energy ChargeRate of Protein SynthesisRate of DNA SynthesisBibliography
Protein Processing, Endocytosis and Intracellular Sorting of Growth Factors
Authors: Sorkin Alexander 
Published: July 2003

Abstract

Introduction

Endocytosis of Growth Factor Receptors

Receptor Recruitment into Clathrin‐Coated Pits

Molecular Mechanisms of Internalization

Pathway Through Endosomal Compartments

Kinetics of Intracellular Trafficking: Recycling Versus Degradation

Mechanism of Receptor Sorting in Endosomes

Other Types of Signaling Receptors

Perspectives

Acknowledgments

Bibliography
Transformation of Plants
Authors: Siemens Johannes , Pickardt Thomas 
Published: July 2003

AbstractIntroductionAgrobacterium‐Meditated Gene TransferDirect Gene Transfer into ProtoplastsDirect Gene Transfer—Biolistic ApproachDirect Gene Transfer Across the Cell Wall Without Carrier ParticlesIn Planta Transformation—Unusual Methods for a Tiny PlantViral Transformation VectorsConclusions and Remaining ProblemsAcknowledgmentBibliography
Non‐syndromic hemihyperplasia in a male and his mother
Authors: Slavotinek Anne M. , Collins Michael T. , Muenke Maximilian 
Published: July 2003

AbstractWe present two family members with non‐syndromic hemihyperplasia (HHP), which developed in adolescence. We have reviewed reported familial cases of HHP and conclude that presentation is similar to sporadi cases and that all affected family members have been related through a maternal relative. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Turner phenotype in a girl with a 45,X/46,XX/47,XX,+18 mosaicism
Authors: Lorda‐Sanchez Isabel , Trujillo Maria Jose , Gomez‐Garre Pilar , de Alba Marta Rodríguez , Gonzalez‐Gonzalez Cristina , García‐Hoyos Maria , Ayuso Carmen , Ramos Carmen 
Published: July 2003

AbstractWe report a girl with Turner syndrome phenotype, whose karyotype on amniocyte culture was 45,X, while cytogenetic analysis on peripheral blood lymphocytes showed the presence of a mosaic chromosome constitution with three different cell lines: 45,X[5]/46,XX[3]/47,XX,+18 [35]. No signs of trisomy 18 were observed and a follow up during childhood revealed normal psychomotor development. Parental origin and mechanism of formation were studied using high polymorphic microsatellites and Quantitative Fluorescent PCR. The 18‐trisomic cells showed one paternal allele and two maternal homozygous alleles at different loci of chromosome 18, suggesting a maternal M‐II meiotic or a postzygotic error. A biparental origin of the X‐alleles in the trisomic cells were determined, being the paternal allele retained in the 45,X cells. The possible mechanism of formation implying meiotic and/or mitotic errors is discussed. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gorlin syndrome with ulcerative colitis in a Japanese girl
Authors: Fujii Katsunori , Miyashita Toshiyuki , Omata Taku , Kobayashi Kazuhiko , Takanashi Jun‐ichi , Kouchi Katsunori , Yamada Masao , Kohno Yoichi 
Published: July 2003

AbstractWe present the case of a 14‐year‐old Japanese girl who had both Gorlin syndrome and ulcerative colitis. She had complained of blood stools for 6 months and severe scoliosis from her infancy. Physical examination revealed multiple nevi, palmar and plantar pits, jaw cysts, and calcification of the falx cerebri, leading to the diagnosis of Gorlin syndrome. Total colonoscopy revealed an edematous and spotty bleeding mucosa extending from the anus to the transverse colon. Histological examination was also compatible with ulcerative colitis. Thus, we diagnosed her as having Gorlin syndrome with ulcerative colitis. Gene analysis revealed a mutation, 1247InsT, in the human patched gene (PTCH), resulting in the truncation of PTCH protein. Since Gorlin syndrome and ulcerative colitis are rare disorders in childhood, this association is interesting, suggesting a correlation between the hedgehog signaling and intestinal disorders. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An acceptor splice site mutation in HOXD13 results in variable hand, but consistent foot malformations
Authors: Kan Shih‐hsin , Johnson David , Giele Henk , Wilkie Andrew O.M. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractHOXD13 is the most 5′ of the HOXD cluster of homeobox genes in chromosome band 2q31.1. Heterozygous expansions of a polyalanine tract in HOXD13 are typically associated with synpolydactyly characterized by insertional digit duplication associated with syndactyly. We screened for mutations of HOXD13 in patients with a variety of limb malformations and identified a novel heterozygous mutation (758‐2delA) in a three‐generation family without the typical synpolydactyly phenotype in the hands, but with bilateral partial duplication of the 2nd metatarsals within the first web space of the feet. This mutation locates in the acceptor splice site of exon 2 and is predicted to cause failure of normal splicing of HOXD13. The foot abnormality in this family is similar to that described in two families by Goodman et al. [1998: Am. J. Hum. Genet. 63: 992–1000] in which different deletions of HOXD13 were reported. These findings together lend support to a distinct phenotype resulting from haploinsufficiency of HOXD13. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
De novo paracentric inversion (X)(q26q28) with features mimicking Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Florez Luisa , Anderson Mary , Lacassie Yves 
Published: July 2003

AbstractDifferent genetic and non‐genetic disorders, including several chromosomal abnormalities, may mimic Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS). We report on an 11‐year‐old girl with features reminiscent of PWS due to an unreported de novo paracentric inversion Xq26q28. Microdeletion 15q11‐q13 and maternal uniparental disomy 15 were ruled out. The importance of chromosomal studies in addition to molecular analysis on patients with features suggestive of PWS is stressed. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myoclonus in a patient with a deletion of the ε‐sarcoglycan locus on chromosome 7q21
Authors: DeBerardinis Ralph J. , Conforto Danielle , Russell Karen , Kaplan Jennifer , Kollros Peter R. , Zackai Elaine H. , Emanuel Beverly S. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractAutosomal dominant myoclonus‐dystonia syndrome (MDS) is characterized by myoclonic and/or dystonic movements with onset as early as infancy. In most families, MDS is caused by mutations in the gene SGCE, which encodes ε‐sarcoglycan and is located on chromosome 7q21. Data from several sources, including multi‐generation pedigrees revealing parent‐of‐origin effects on MDS penetrance, suggest that SGCE is maternally imprinted. We present a 32‐month‐old patient with an interstitial deletion affecting chromosome 7q21, and a phenotype including myoclonus, microcephaly, short stature, dysmorphic face and language delay. We used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to estimate the size of our patient's deletion (9.0–15 Mbp) and to confirm absence of SGCE on the affected chromosome. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of polymorphic markers in the region revealed that the paternally inherited chromosome contained the deletion, consistent with a model of maternal SGCE imprinting. Our patient is the first case of MDS caused by complete deletion of SGCE, and represents a new contiguous gene disorder. The case underscores the need to consider chromosomal deletions in patients whose phenotypes are more complex than the classic presentation of a known disease. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel 5q35.3 subtelomeric deletion syndrome
Authors: Rauch Anita , Beese Maike , Mayatepek Ertan , Dörr Helmut‐Günther , Wenzel Dieter , Reis André , Trautmann Udo 
Published: July 2003

AbstractWe observed a novel 3.5 Mb 5q subtelomeric deletion in a 3‐year‐old girl with developmental delay, hypotonia and multiple minor anomalies. Comparison of her phenotype with the few published patients with terminal 5q35 deletions revealed several overlapping features, but also showed remarkable differences such as shortness of stature versus macrosomia. After the report of 5q35.3 microdeletions in Sotos syndrome we integrated the published BACs into the public draft sequence and exactly mapped the deletion size in our patient by FISH analysis with 15 BAC probes. We demonstrated that the deletion in our patient is immediately adjacent to the reported Sotos syndrome deletion site. Subtracting the symptoms of Sotos syndrome from the published patients with larger 5q35.3 deletions allowed us to delineate a distinct phenotype of prenatal lymphedema with increased nuchal translucency, pronounced muscular hypotonia and delay of reaching motor milestones, but speech development within normal limits, wide fontanels, failure to thrive with postnatal short stature, and multiple minor anomalies such as mildly bell‐shaped chest, minor congenital heart disease, and a distinct facial gestalt, associated with the novel 3.5 Mb cryptic deletion. We further showed in our patient that the deletion of the LCT4 synthase gene results in a reduction of cysteinyl leukotriene synthesis to about 65% compared to normal values. The prenatal nuchal lymphedema associated with this deletion syndrome my be related to the deletion of the FLT4 gene causing autosomal dominant primary lymphedema and contributes to the differential diagnosis of increased fetal nuchal translucency. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Das Ribosom unter der Lupe
Authors: Wilson Daniel N. , Nierhaus Knud H. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractFast zwanzig Jahre lang haben Kristallographen nach der Struktur der Ribosomen gesucht, der größten und kompliziertesten RNA‐Protein‐Komplexe in der Zelle. Wie alle Ribosomen setzt sich auch das Ribosom einer kleinen Bakterienzelle aus einer großen und kleinen Untereinheit zusammen. Das bakterielle Ribosom umfasst drei RNA‐Moleküle mit mehr als 4000 Ribonucleotiden und 54 unterschiedlichen Proteinen. Herausragendes Ereignis der letzten Jahren war das Erreichen der atomaren Auflösung der großen und kleinen Untereinheit sowie das einer 5.5‐Å‐Struktur des vollständigen 70S‐Ribosoms von Thermus thermophilus. Damit war es möglich, Kristalle der Untereinheiten mit kleinen Liganden zu tränken, was unser Verständnis der zentralen Funktionen des Ribosoms revolutioniert hat. Zusammen mit den Vorzügen kryoelektronenmikroskopischer Studien von Translationskomplexen entstand eine Sammlung von Momentaufnahmen ribosomaler Funktionen, aus denen ein filmähnlicher Ablauf der Translation abgeleitet werden konnte. Analysen jüngeren Datums von Heferibosomen lassen eine erstaunliche strukturelle Deckung mit den Ribosomen der Prokaryoten erkennen. Dieser Aufsatz soll ein bakterielles Ribosom durch einen Translationszyklus begleiten, wobei insbesondere solche Merkmale hervorgehoben werden, die sich in den Ribosomen aller Organismen wiederfinden.
The Ribosome through the Looking Glass
Authors: Wilson Daniel N. , Nierhaus Knud H. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractFor almost 20 years crystallographers have sought to solve the structure of the ribosome, the largest and most complicated RNA–protein complex in the cell. All ribosomes are composed of a large and small subunit which for the humble bacterial ribosome comprise more than 4000 ribonucleotides, 54 different proteins, and have a molecular mass totaling over 2.5 million Daltons. The past few years have seen the resolution of structures at the atomic level for both large and small subunits and of the complete 70S ribosome from Thermus thermophilus at a resolution of 5.5‐Å. Soaking of small ligands (such as antibiotics, substrate analogues, and small translational factors) into the crystals of the subunits has revolutionized our understanding of the central functions of the ribosome. Coupled with the power of cryo‐electron microscopic studies of translation complexes, a collection of snap‐shots is accumulating, which can be assembled to create a likely motion picture of the bacterial ribosome during translation. Recent analyses show yeast ribosomes have a remarkable structural similarity to bacterial ribosomes. This Review aims to follow the bacterial ribosome through each sequential “frame” of the translation cycle, emphasizing at each point the features that are found in all organisms.
Somatotopic mapping of chordotonal organ neurons in a primitive ensiferan, the New Zealand tree weta Hemideina femorata: I. femoral chordotonal organ
Authors: Nishino Hiroshi 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe femoral chordotonal organ (FCO) in orthopteran insects comprises several hundred sensory neurons, making it one of the most complex insect proprioceptors. The sensory neurons are suspended from the proximal femur, connecting distally to ligaments and to a needle‐like apodeme extending from the proximal tibia. They monitor the position and movement of the tibia. To address how this complexity depends on evolutionary status and function, the morphology of the FCO neurons in the primitive orthopteran Hemideina femorata was investigated by staining small populations of identified afferents. As in crickets, the FCOs in all legs of the weta comprise partly fused ventral and dorsal scoloparia, with the former containing two groups of somata, the ventral group (VG) and the dorsal group (DG). However, the dendrites of the DG insert into thin connective tissue attached to the ventral side of the dorsal ligament, forming a “third scoloparium.” The VG afferents terminate mainly in the motor association neuropils, whereas afferents from the dorsal scoloparium neurons terminate exclusively in the vibratory neuropil as do the afferents from the subgenual organ, a substrate vibration detector. Several afferents originating in the DG have extensive terminations in the motor association‐, vibratory‐, and auditory‐processing neuropils, indicating lesser functional specialization than in the other groups. The evolutionary development of the FCO is discussed from a comparative viewpoint. J. Comp. Neurol. 464:312–326, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.