bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting the success of CT-guided core biopsy of musculoskeletal lesions with a 13-G needle
Authors: Gataa Khaldun Ghali , Inci Fatih , Szaro Pawel , Geijer Mats 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
To determine the value of CT-guided bone core biopsy and investigate factors that affect diagnostic yield and biopsy outcome.

Materials and methods
The single-centre retrospective analysis included 447 patients who had CT-guided core biopsy with a 13-G needle (Bonopty®) from January 2016 to December 2021. Histological results or ≥ 6 months of clinical and radiological follow-up served as outcome references. A successful biopsy was classified as “diagnostic” when a definitive diagnosis was made and “adequate” when only the malignant or benign nature of the tumour could be determined. Biopsies were “nondiagnostic” when the nature of the lesion could not be determined. The occult lesions were defined as not seen on CT but visible on other modalities.

Results
In 275 (62%) females and 172 (38%) males, the overall success rate was 85% (383 biopsies), with 314 (70%) diagnostic biopsies and 69 (15%) adequate biopsies. There was no relationship between biopsy success and the localisation of the lesion, length of biopsy material, or number of biopsy attempts. The lesions’ nature had a statistically significant effect on biopsy success with lytic and mixed lesions having the highest success rate. Occult lesions had the lowest success rate.

Conclusion
CT-guided bone core biopsy is an effective method in the workup of musculoskeletal diseases with the highest success rate in lytic and mixed lesions. No apparent relationship was found between biopsy success and biopsy length, number of attempts, or localisation of the lesion.
Impact of Enhanced Recovery Protocols on Short‐Term Outcomes in Esophagectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study from Cancer Research Institute, Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Ramakrishnan Priya , Saini Sunil , Arora Anshika , Khurana Gurjeet 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveSurgery for esophageal cancer is associated with high mortality and morbidity, especially in low and middle‐income countries. The recent enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines for esophagectomy (2018) which attempt to reduce complications and length of stay (LOS) have rarely been validated in these settings. This study aimed to analyse the effect of this protocol on short‐term outcomes in our subset of patients.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted to investigate the outcomes of enhanced recovery protocol (ERP) compared to standard pre‐protocol care (PP) in patients who underwent esophagectomy for cancer (31 in ERP vs 61 in PP group) at Cancer Research Institute, Uttarakhand, India. The main outcomes measured were 30‐day mortality, morbidity and LOS. Risk assessment was stratified as per Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM) systems while complications were classified as per the Clavien‐Dindo scale.ResultsPreoperative clinical characteristics were similar between groups. Though the predicted POSSUM mortality and morbidity were significantly higher in the ERP group (p = 0.007), 30‐day morbidity (19.35% vs 42.62%, p = 0.027) as well as median LOS (12 vs 15 days, p < 0.001) was significantly lower in ERP group. The PP group reported 4 deaths within 30 days as compared to none in the ERP group (p = 0.296). Furthermore, the ERP group reported lower occurrence of pulmonary complications (6.4%vs24.6%,p = 0.046), hemodynamic instability (0%vs14.75%,p = 0.026) as well as need for prolonged postoperative ventilation (> 24 h; 0% vs 11.48%, p = 0.004). Both minor and major complications as assessed by the Clavien‐Dindo scale were lower in the group ERP though these differences were not statistically significant (0.059).ConclusionsImplementation of ERP improved short‐term outcomes; hence can be strongly recommended in patients undergoing esophagectomy.
Variation in photoperiod response corresponds to differences in circadian light sensitivity in northern and southern Nasonia vitripennis lines
Authors: Floessner Theresa S. E. , Benetta Elena Dalla , Beersma Domien G. M. , Hut Roelof A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe circadian clock times physiological and behavioural processes and resets on a daily basis to synchronize with the environment. The involvement of the circadian clock in photoperiodic time measurement synchronising annual rhythms is still under debate and different models have been proposed explaining their integration. Insects overcome unfavourable conditions in diapause, a form of dormancy. A latitudinal cline in diapause induction in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis as well as a difference in circadian light sensitivity between north and south provide us with additional evidence that the circadian system of Nasonia is involved in photoperiodic time measurement and that latitude-specific seasonality drives adaptive evolution in photoperiodism partly through adaptation responses in the circadian system. We tested diapause induction in a range of T-cycles and photoperiods and found diapause induction in short photoperiods in all T-cycles in the northern line but in the southern line, diapause only occurred in T-cycles close to 24 h. Due to a lower light sensitivity in the southern line, a wider distribution of phase angles of entrainment can be expected at a specific T-cycle duration, while the range of entrainment will decrease. Taking these oscillator properties into account, our data can be explained by an external coincidence model involving a single oscillator with a light-sensitive phase that drives annual timing of diapause in Nasonia vitripennis.
Region and cloud regime dependence of parametric sensitivity in E3SM atmosphere model
Authors: Qian Yun , Guo Zhun , Larson Vincent E. , Leung L. Ruby , Lin Wuyin , Ma Po-Lun , Wan Hui , Wang Hailong , Xiao Heng , Xie Shaocheng , Yang Ben , Zhang Kai , Zhang Shixuan , Zhang Yuying 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Department of Energy (DOE)’s Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM), including its atmosphere model (EAM), has many relatively new features. In a previous study we conducted a systematic parametric sensitivity analysis for EAM based on short, perturbed parameter ensemble (PPE) simulations, mainly focusing on global mean climate features and metrics. While parameter values in global climate models are generally invariant in space and time, model response to parameters perturbation may vary by regions and climate regimes, which motivates the need to better understand the EAM model behaviors and physics at regional scale and process level. In this study, using the same set of PPE simulations and a similar sensitivity analysis framework, we identify parameters that cause largest sensitivities over different regions and compare model responses in fast atmospheric processes to the parameters across different cloud regimes for several important cloud-related fidelity metrics. We find that cloud forcing has opposite response to some parameters over mid-latitude vs. tropical land. We also analyze how the parametric sensitivity varies as stratocumulus transitions to shallow convection and to deep convection over ocean. Low cloud forcing and shortwave cloud forcing in the subtropical eastern Pacific are most sensitive to the parameters controlling the width of the probability density function (PDF) of the subgrid vertical velocity (w’) (gamma) and the damping of the w’ skewness (c8) near the coast but become more sensitive to the parameter affecting the damping of the w’ variance (c1) further offshore. Detailed interpretation of the spatial dependence of parametric sensitivity is provided. We also investigate how the parametric sensitivity evolves with prediction duration. This study improves our process-level understanding of cloud physics and parameterization and provides insights for developing more advanced regime-aware parameterization schemes in global climate model.
Associations of C-reactive protein with depressive symptoms over time after mild to moderate ischemic stroke in the PROSCIS-B cohort
Authors: Schaeff Viktoria L. K. , Sperber Pia S. , Piper Sophie K. , Giesers Naomi K. , Gertz Karen , Heuschmann Peter U. , Endres Matthias , Liman Thomas G. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background and purpose
C-reactive protein serves as a marker of inflammation and is linked to depression in the general population. We aimed to assess whether elevated baseline levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) are associated with depressive symptoms over time in a prospective cohort of mild-to-moderate first-ever ischemic stroke patients.

Methods
Data were obtained from the Prospective Cohort with Incident Stroke Berlin (NCT01363856). Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) at three annual follow-up points. We assessed the association of elevated levels of hs-CRP with CES-D scores over time via linear mixed models. In a subgroup analysis, we explored an interaction effect with sex.

Results
We included 585 ischemic stroke patients with baseline data on CRP levels. The mean age was 67 (13 SD), 39% (n = 226) were female, and the median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was 3 (IQR 1–4). Twenty percent of survivors showed evidence for depressive symptoms one year after stroke with CES-D ≥ 16, 21% at year two, and 17% at year three. Higher log-transformed baseline hs-CRP levels were associated with higher CES-D Scores over time in the adjusted linear mixed model (β = 1.28; (95% CI 0.22–2.34)). The subgroup analysis revealed an interaction effect of hs-CRP on depressive symptoms in women (β = 2.33; (95% CI 0.71–3.95)).

Conclusion
In our cohort with mild-to-moderate first-ever ischemic stroke patients, hs-CRP levels were associated with more depressive symptoms over time, with an interaction effect for the female sex.

Study registration
https://clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01363856.
An economic evaluation of universal and targeted case-finding strategies for identifying antenatal depression: a model-based analysis comparing common case-finding instruments
Authors: Camacho Elizabeth M. , Shields Gemma E. , Eisner Emily , Littlewood Elizabeth , Watson Kylie , Chew-Graham Carolyn A. , McMillan Dean , Ali Shehzad , Gilbody Simon 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHalf of women with depression in the perinatal period are not identified in routine care, and missed cases reflect inequalities in other areas of maternity care. Case finding (screening) for depression in pregnant women may be a cost-effective strategy to improve identification, and targeted case finding directs finite resources towards the greatest need. We compared the cost-effectiveness of three case-finding strategies: no case finding, universal (all pregnant women), and targeted (only pregnant women with risk factors for antenatal depression, i.e. history of anxiety/depression, age < 20 years, and adverse life events). A decision tree model was developed to represent case finding (at around 20 weeks gestation) and subsequent treatment for antenatal depression (up to 40 weeks gestation). Costs include case finding and treatment. Health benefits are measured as quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The sensitivity and specificity of case-finding instruments and prevalence and severity of antenatal depression were estimated from a cohort study of pregnant women. Other model parameters were derived from published literature and expert consultation. The most cost-effective case-finding strategy was a two-stage strategy comprising the Whooley questions followed by the PHQ-9. The mean costs were £52 (universal), £61 (no case finding), and £62 (targeted case finding). Both case-finding strategies improve health compared with no case finding. Universal case finding is cost-saving. Costs associated with targeted case finding are similar to no case finding, with greater health gains, although targeted case finding is not cost-effective compared with universal case finding. Universal case finding for antenatal depression is cost-saving compared to no case finding and more cost-effective than targeted case finding.
Ultrahigh Thermoelectric Performance of ZnO-CdO Thin Films
Authors: Karim Al Momin Md. Tanveer , Rumana Islam M. , Khatun Halima , Khalilur Rahman Khan M. , Mozibur Rahman M. , Shahjahan Md. , Hossain Md. Faruk , Arif E. M. H. , Nazrul-Islam Sheik Md Kazi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractZinc oxide (ZnO) is emerging as a promising n-type thermoelectric material (TE) for power harvesting due to its high melting point and large Seebeck coefficient. However, the TE performance of ZnO is limited by high thermal conductivity and low carrier mobility. Adding or doping a divalent element such as cadmium oxide (CdO) can lower the thermal conductivity and enhance the carrier concentration of ZnO. In this paper, the thermoelectric transport properties of ZnO-CdO nanocrystalline thin films are investigated by varying the Zn/Cd ratio at temperatures ranging from room temperature (RT) to 423 K. The electrical conductivity, carrier concentration and mobility of ZnO were enhanced by increasing the Cd concentration. The maximum power factor of 2.75 × 10−4 W m−1 K−2 was obtained at 423 K for the Zn/Cd = 1:3 sample. The thermal conductivity was dominated by lattice thermal conductivity in which Umklapp scattering occurs between anharmonic phonons. The thermal conductivity of ZnO decreased significantly with increasing Cd concentration. The highest estimated figure of merit (ZT) of 0.59 was found at 413 K for the Zn/Cd = 1:3 sample, which is 223 times greater than for ZnO, indicating that the film is efficient in energy generation.
The effects of nicotine use during adolescence and young adulthood on gray matter cerebral blood flow estimates
Authors: Courtney Kelly E. , Baca Rachel , Thompson Courtney , Andrade Gianna , Doran Neal , Jacobson Aaron , Liu Thomas T. , Jacobus Joanna 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNicotine and tobacco product (NTP) use remains prevalent in adolescence/young adulthood. The effects of NTPs on markers of brain health during this vulnerable neurodevelopmental period remain largely unknown. This report investigates associations between NTP use and gray matter cerebral blood flow (CBF) in adolescents/young adults. Adolescent/young adult (16–22 years-old) nicotine users (NTP; N = 99; 40 women) and non-users (non-NTP; N = 95; 56 women) underwent neuroimaging sessions including anatomical and optimized pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling scans. Groups were compared on whole-brain gray matter CBF estimates and their relation to age and sex at birth. Follow-up analyses assessed correlations between identified CBF clusters and NTP recency and dependence measures. Controlling for age and sex, the NTP vs. non-NTP contrast revealed a single cluster that survived thresholding which included portions of bilateral precuneus (voxel-wise alpha < 0.001, cluster-wise alpha < 0.05; ≥7 contiguous voxels). An interaction between NTP group contrast and age was observed in two clusters including regions of the left posterior cingulate (PCC)/lingual gyrus and right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC): non-NTP exhibited positive correlations between CBF and age in these clusters, whereas NTP exhibited negative correlations between CBF and age. Lower CBF from these three clusters correlated with urine cotinine (rs=-0.21 – − 0.16; ps < 0.04) and nicotine dependence severity (rs=-0.16 – − 0.13; ps < 0.07). This is the first investigation of gray matter CBF in adolescent/young adult users of NTPs. The results are consistent with literature on adults showing age- and nicotine-related declines in CBF and identify the precuneus/PCC and ACC as potential key regions subserving the development of nicotine dependence.
Temporal variation of floral reward can improve the pollination success of a rare flowering plant
Authors: Benadi Gita , Kögel Raphael , Lämsä Juho , Gegear Robert J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMany pollinating animals visit a variety of flowering plant species. Rare plant species pollinated by such generalists may experience a low quality or quantity of pollination, depending on the pollinators’ foraging behaviour. How plants cope with this rarity disadvantage is not well understood. One possibility would be to offer a higher floral reward, for example, a higher nectar sugar concentration. However, since nectar production is costly, rare plants may only be able to increase their nectar concentration for a limited time and offer little reward afterwards. In this study, we performed a laboratory experiment with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) foraging on artificial flowers of two colours to investigate whether the bees’ foraging behaviour produces a rarity disadvantage and if so, whether the rare flower type could improve its pollination success through temporal variation of its nectar sugar concentration, i.e. a temporary increase of nectar sugar followed by a period with low concentration. We found that when both flower colours offered equal rewards, the rare colour received only slightly fewer visits per flower, but had a considerably lower expected pollination success based on the bumblebees’ visitation sequences. Temporal variation of the rare colour’s sugar concentration increased both the quantity and quality of visits it received. This positive effect was reduced when there were fewer rare flowers or when two bumblebees foraged simultaneously. Our results suggest that temporal variation of floral rewards can alleviate, but not completely eliminate the rarity disadvantage.
Distribution of PD-L1, TROP2 and HER2- “lowness” in early triple-negative breast cancer: an opportunity for treatment de-escalation
Authors: Bueno Maria Jose , Mouron Silvana , Caleiras Eduardo , Martínez Mario , Manso Luis , Colomer Ramón , Quintela-Fandino Miguel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
HER2, TROP2 and PD-L1 are novel targets in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The combined expression status of these targets, and whether they can define prognostic subgroups, is currently undefined.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry was used to determine HER2, TROP2 and PD-L1 levels in 459 TNBC cases, that received in the adjuvant/neoadjuvant setting active surveillance, CMF, anthracycline-, anthracycline plus taxane-, or carboplatin-containing regimes.

Results
HER2-low patients with PD-L1 > 1 CPS (double-positive, herein “DP”) had a mean PFS of 4768 days (95% CI: 4267–5268) versus 3522 days (95% CI: 3184–3861) for non-DP patients (P = 0.002). Regarding the received adjuvant treatment, DP patients (versus non-DP) receiving anthracyclines plus taxanes exhibited a mean PFS time of 4726 (95% CI: 4022–5430) versus 3302 (95% CI: 2818–3785) days (P = 0.039). Finally, 100% of DP patients that received a carboplatin-based regimen were long-term disease-free.

Conclusions
Early HER2-low, PD-L1-positive TNBC patients have a very good prognosis, particularly if treated with anthracycline/taxane- or carboplatin-containing regimes.
Parametric modelling of clogging behavior of porous pavements with time
Authors: Imteaz M. A. , Ahsan A. , Shams S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWith the aim of facilitating easier development of guidelines for the stakeholders using porous pavements, a simple parametric mathematical model is developed for the prediction of clogging behavior, i.e., time-dependent decaying hydraulic conductivity of porous pavement dependent on two different input parameters in addition to time. Based on earlier experimental results, trends of diminishing hydraulic conductivities with time under different void ratios and particle sizes were established. It is found that for a particular particle size, the effect of void ratio on time-dependent hydraulic conductivity can be expressed with a combined linear and exponential functions. Again, for a particular void ratio, the effect of particle size on time-dependent hydraulic conductivity can be expressed with an exponential function. The particle size dependent equation was further extended to include the effect of void ratio through multiplying a linear function having void content as independent variable. Developed equation predicted results were compared with the original experimental measurements. It is found that all the three models are capable to well-predict experimental measurements with RMSE values equal or higher than 0.98. The void content dependent equation is capable to predict results having standard errors as, Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) = 0.04, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) = 0.03 and Relative Absolute Error (RAE) = 0.09, whereas the same error statistics of the particle size dependent equation are 0.04, 0.02 and 0.08 respectively. Error statistics of the combined (particle size and void ratio) equation are, RMSE = 0.1, MAE = 0.07 and RAE = 0.22. Such modelling technique would be useful for the prediction of potential clogging in the porous pavement for any combination of input parameters.
Do product returns in the retail sector affect the price level? Evidence from the equation of exchange
Authors: Beretta Edoardo , Neuberger Doris , Senner Richard 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStarting from Irving Fisher’s equation of exchange ($$MV=PT$$

M
V
=
P
T

) at the basis of the quantity theory of money and mainstream (macro)economics linking money ($$M$$
M
) and its frequency of circulation ($$V$$
V
) on the one hand to the general price level ($$P$$
P
) and real goods and services exchanged ($$T$$
T
) on the other, we analyze whether product returns by consumers (reaching 16.5% of total US sales in 2022) affect macroeconomic variables such as the price level and the velocity of money. We explore two different product-return scenarios: (1) reselling, and (2) destroying returned items. Based on a theoretical analysis and data for the US, we find that reselling product returns at a discount price reduces the price level, which is however not taken into account in the statistical measurement of the consumer price index. Moreover, the “modern” equation of exchange used in mainstream macroeconomics is an unsuitable instrument to study the effects of product returns on money velocity, because it neglects non-GDP-relevant transactions such as returning and reselling products. This leads to underestimate the actual velocity of money.