bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound study of right ventricular myocardial perfusion and functional changes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Cao Shan , Yang Lingjie , Liu Liyun , Mu Yuming , Guan Lina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the changes of right ventricular (RV) myocardial perfusion and function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) by myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) and speckle tracking (2D-STE), and to explore the relationship between RV myocardial perfusion and strain.

Methods
Conventional ultrasound, MCE and 2D-STE were performed on 29 HCM patients and 21 healthy subjects to analyze RV myocardial perfusion, RV global strain, RV free wall strain, and strain of each segment. The correlation between RV myocardial perfusion and strain was further analyzed in HCM patients.

Results
MCE results showed that the regional myocardial perfusion of the RV in HCM patients was decreased. Compared with the normal control group, the mean slope (β) in the middle and apical segments of the RV free wall, and the peak intensity (A), β, myocardial blood flow (MBF) of the ventricular septum decreased in HCM patients (P < 0.05). RV function was impaired in HCM patients. The RV global strain (RV GLS), and the strain of RV free wall and each segment were lower than those in the normal control group (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that there was a certain correlation between RV myocardial perfusion and strain, such as the β of the whole RV in HCM group had a positive correlation with the strain of the middle segment of the interventricular septum (r = 0.550, P = 0.002).

Conclusions
The regional myocardial perfusion and strain of the RV in HCM patients are reduced, and there is a positive correlation between them, suggesting that the reduction of myocardial strain may be related to the impairment of myocardial microcirculation.
Indoor air pollution and cognitive function among older adults in India: a multiple mediation approach through depression and sleep disorders
Authors: Shaw Subhojit , Kundu Sampurna , Chattopadhyay Aparajita , Rao Smitha 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Studies across multiple countries reveal that depression and sleep disorders can lead to cognitive decline. This study aims to speculate on the effect of different sources of indoor air pollution on cognition and to explore the mediation effect of depression and sleep disorders on cognition when exposed to indoor air pollution. We hypothesize that an older adult experiences higher cognitive decline from indoor pollution when mediated by depression and sleep disorders.

Methods
We use data from Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI), 2017–2018, and employ a multiple mediation model to understand the relationship between indoor air pollution and cognition through sleep disorders and depression while adjusting for possible confounders. Sensitivity analysis was applied to see the effect of different sources of indoor pollution (cooking fuel, indoor smoke products, and secondhand smoke) on cognitive performance.

Results
The effect of three sources of indoor pollutants on cognition increased when combined, indicating stronger cognitive decline. Unclean cooking practices, indoor smoke (from incense sticks and mosquito coils), and secondhand smoke were strongly associated with sleep disorders and depression among older adults. Indoor air pollution was negatively associated with cognitive health (β= -0.38) while positively associated with depression (β= 0.18) and sleep disorders (β= 0.038) acting as mediators. Sensitivity analysis explained 45% variability while adjusting for confounders.

Conclusion
The study lays a foundation for future investigations into the nexus of indoor pollution and mental health. It is essential to formulate policies to reduce exposure to varying sources of indoor air pollutants and improve screening for mental health services as a public health priority.
Evaluation of relationship between TMPRSS2 p.(Val197Met) variant and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity
Authors: Bashar Nora Ahmed Saleh , Gohar Nadida Mohammed Abdel-Hamid , Tantawy Ahmed A. , Kamel Mai Hamed Mohamed 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has killed millions of people and had a terrible effect on society. The transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) enzyme is essential in the initial phases of the interplay between the SARSCoV-2 and the host cells by assisting viral entrance.

Methods
This observational case–control study involved 150 participants, 100 adult patients with COVID-19, 50 of whom appeared healthy and had no history of or symptoms of COVID-19 infection when the study was conducted. Between January and April 2022, patients were taken as inpatients in isolation units or through recruitment from the COVID-19 clinic at Kasr Al-Ainy Cairo University Hospitals. According to the National Institutes of Health guidelines (2021), they were categorised into three categories: mild, moderate, and severe. TMPRSS2 p.(Val197Met) variant genotyping was evaluated using TaqMan Real-Time PCR.

Results
The study showed a substantial difference between the mild and severe COVID-19 patient groups regarding their TMPRSS2 (p.Val197Met) genotypes (P value = 0.046). The C allele was significantly more prevalent in the mild, moderate and severe COVID-19 patient categories (77.8%, 89.7% and 91.7%, respectively) and the control group (80%). Meanwhile, the T allele was more prevalent in the mild (22.2%) and control (20%) groups. There was a statistically significant difference in allelic distribution between the mild and severe groups (P value = 0.034).

Conclusion
The study showed a connection between the TMPRSS2 gene variant p.(Val197Met) and the degree of illness. We concluded that the T(mutant) allele was protective against severe COVID-19 because it was linked to lesser disease severity.
Validity and reliability of the Persian version of Recce stigma scale in people with multiple sclerosis and its impact on quality of life
Authors: Habibi Mohammad Amin , Yazdan Panah Mohammad , Vaheb Saeed , Olfatifar Meysam , Shaygannejad Aysa , Mokary Yousef , Ghasemi Majid , Thapa Sangharsha , Shaygannejad Vahid , Mirmosayyeb Omid 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is often a fear of social stigma experienced by people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), which negatively impacts the quality of their lives (QoL). Currently, no Persian-validated questionnaire is available to assess this issue in pwMS. This study aimed to assess the validaty and reliability of the Persian version of Reece Stigma Scale Multiple Sclerosis (RSS-MS) questionnaire for pwMS.MethodThis cross-sectional was conducted between January and February 2023 in Isfahan, Iran. The demographic and clinical information and the RSS-MS and Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29 (MSIS-29) questionnaires were recorded from pwMS. The content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) have been used to evaluate validity. To identify the factors supporting the MS-related stigma, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted.ResultsThe present study recruited 194 pwMS. Based on factor analysis, only two factors had eigenvalues ≥ 1.0 and exhibited high internal consistency. The Cronbach’s α coefficient for internal consistency of the RSS-MS scale was 0.822. More evidence for the construct validity suggested that having higher levels of stigma is significantly correlated with psychological (r = 0.468,p-value < 0.001) and physical dimensions (r = 0.585,p-value < 0.001) of MSIS-29. Expanded Disability Status Scale, disease duration, and treatment duration did not show a significant correlation with stigma (p-value > 0.05).ConclusionThis study indicated that the modified version of the RSS-MS scale in the Persian language showed acceptable validity and reliability for evaluating the stigma among Persian pwMS. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the cruciality of monitoring and addressing stigma among pwMS, as it can potentially enhance medical, psychological, physical, and QoL outcomes.
Motivating and inhibiting factors influencing the application of mhealth technology in post-abortion care: a review study
Authors: Zolfaqari Zahra , Ayatollahi Haleh , Ranjbar Fahimeh , Abasi Arezoo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Abortion and its complications are challenges that endanger women's health, especially in developing countries. It seems that the application of mhealth technology can be useful as a safe and affordable strategy in post-abortion care. The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing the use of mhealth technology in post-abortion care.

Methods
This was a review study conducted in 2023 and articles published in English between 2010 and 1st November 2023 were searched in PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Embase databases as well as Google Scholar. Data were collected using a data extraction form and were analyzed narratively.

Results
The influencing factors could be divided into the motivating and inhibiting factors. The motivating factors included the subgroups of the individual factors (e.g., saving time), technical factors (e.g., usability), economic factors (e.g., saving costs), and ethico-legal factors (e.g., improving security and confidentiality of the information). Similarly, the inhibiting factors consisted of individual factors (e.g., fear of expressing abortion), technical factors (e.g., a lack of access to the network and the Internet), economic factors (e.g., inappropriate patient financial status), and ethico-legal (e.g., concerns over the security and confidentiality of information).

Conclusion
This study underscores the importance of considering various technical and non-technical factors influencing the design and implementation of mHealth technology in post-abortion care. Developers need to address these factors to ensure successful technology adoption and mitigate risks. The findings contribute to the enhancement of women's health and offer insights for future technology acceptance models in the mHealth field.
The impact of the 2021 flood on the outpatient care in the North Rhine region, Germany: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wiesehahn Luca Theresa , Kaifie Andrea 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
In the summer of 2021, heavy precipitation led to extreme flooding across Western Europe. In Germany, North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate were particularly affected. More than 180 people lost their lives, and over 700 were left injured and traumatized. In the North Rhine district alone, more than 120 practices were only able to operate to a limited extent or had to close their practices completely. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the 2021 flood on the outpatient care in the North Rhine region.

Methods
The cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2022 in practices affected by the flood in the North Rhine region. For this purpose, 210 affected practices were identified using a list of the Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians for North Rhine (KVNO) and via telephone and/or e-mail. These practices were forwarded a questionnaire that addressed, among other things, the local accessibility of the practices before and after the flood, possibilities of patient care in different premises and received support.

Results
A total of 103 practices (49.1%) returned the completed questionnaire, of which 1/4 were general practitioners. 97% of the practices reported power failure, more than 50% water supply damage and nearly 40% the loss of patient records. 76% of the participating practices stated that they needed to close their practice at least temporarily. 30 doctors took up patient care in alternative premises. The average number of patients seen by doctors per week before the flood was 206.5. In the first week working in alternative premises, doctors saw an average of 66.2 patients (-50.3%). Especially elderly/geriatric patients and patients with disabilities were identified as particularly vulnerable in terms of access to health care after the flood.

Conclusions
The flood had a significant negative impact on outpatient care. We determined not only a high number of closed practices and a large decrease in patient numbers but also differences in patient care assessment depending on the type of alternative premises. To address outpatient care disruptions after extreme weather events more effectively, appropriate measures should be implemented pre-emptively.
Excess non-COVID-19 mortality in Norway 2020–2022
Authors: Raknes Guttorm , Fagerås Stephanie Jebsen , Sveen Kari Anne , Júlíusson Pétur Benedikt , Strøm Marianne Sørlie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Causes of death other than COVID-19 seem to contribute significantly to the excess mortality observed during the 2020–2022 pandemic. In this study, we explore changes in non-COVID-19 causes of death in Norway during the COVID-19 pandemic from March 2020 to December 2022.

Methods
We performed a population-based cross-sectional study on data from the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. All recorded deaths from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2022 were included. The main outcome measures were the number of deaths and age-standardised death rate (ASMR) per 100000 population from the major cause of death groups in 2020, 2021 and 2022. The predicted number of deaths and ASMRs were forecasted with a 95% prediction interval constructed from a general linear regression model based on the corresponding number of deaths and rates from the preceding ten prepandemic years (2010–2019). We also examined whether there were deviations from expected seasonality in the pandemic period based on prepandemic monthly data from 2010–2019. The cumulative number of deaths and ASMR were estimated based on monthly mortality data.

Results
There was significant excess mortality (number of deaths) in 2021 and 2022 for all causes (3.7% and 14.5%), for cardiovascular diseases (14.3% and 22.0%), and for malignant tumours in 2022 (3.5%). In terms of ASMR, there was excess mortality in 2021 and 2022 for all causes (2.9% and 13.7%), and for cardiovascular diseases (16.0% and 25,8%). ASMR was higher than predicted in 2022 for malignant tumours (2.3%). There were fewer deaths than predicted from respiratory diseases (except COVID-19) in 2020 and 2021, and from dementia in 2021 and 2022. From March 2020 to December 2022, there were cumulatively 3754 (ASMR 83.8) more non-COVID-19 deaths than predicted, of which 3453 (ASMR: 79.6) were excess deaths from cardiovascular disease, 509 (ASMR 4.0) from malignant tumours. Mortality was lower than predicted for respiratory diseases (-1889 (ASMR: -44.3)), and dementia (-530 (ASMR -18.5)).

Conclusions
There was considerable excess non-COVID-19 mortality in Norway from March 2020 until December 2022, mainly due to excess cardiovascular deaths. For respiratory diseases and dementia, mortality was lower than predicted.
Mapping loneliness through comparative analysis of USA and India using social intelligence analysis
Authors: Shah Hurmat Ali , Househ Mowafa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLoneliness, a widespread global public health concern, has far-reaching implications for mental and physical well-being, as well as economic productivity. It also increases the risk of life-threatening conditions. This study conducts a comparative analysis of loneliness in the USA and India using Twitter data, aiming to contribute to a global public health map on loneliness. Collecting 4.1 million tweets globally in October 2022 containing keywords like “lonely”, “loneliness”, and “alone”, the analysis focuses on sentiment and psychosocial linguistic features. Utilizing the Valence Aware Dictionary for Sentiment Reasoning (VADER) for sentiment analysis, the study explores variations in loneliness dynamics across cities, revealing geographical distinctions in correlated topics. The tweets with negative sentiment were further analyzed for psychosocial linguistic features to find a meaningful correlation between loneliness and socioeconomic and emotional themes and factors. Results give detailed top correlated topics with loneliness for each city. The results showed that the dynamics of loneliness through the topics correlated vary across geographical locations. Social media data can be used to capture the dynamics of loneliness which can vary from one place to another depending on the socioeconomic and cultural norms and sociopolitical policies. Social media data to understand loneliness can also provide useful information and insight for public health and policymaking.
The effects of attitudes, norms, and perceived control on the adaptation of elderly individuals and individuals with chronic health conditions to heatwaves
Authors: Mehiriz Kaddour 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
In this study, the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) was used to examine the determinants of the heat protection intentions and actions of elderly individuals and individuals with chronic health conditions. This is an important topic as understanding the motivations for adapting behaviours to heatwaves can inform the design of warning systems and awareness campaigns by public health authorities to mitigate the adverse effects of weather hazards on health.

Methods
Three phone surveys were conducted in 2015 and 2016 to collect data on a large sample of individuals with increased vulnerability to heatwaves in the city of Longueuil, Canada. Prospective and panel fixed effects logit models for ordinal variables were used to analyse the factors that influenced heat protection intentions and actions.

Results
Attitudes, norms, and perceived control have positive effects on intentions to adopt heatwave protection actions and intentions on the effective adoption of these preventive measures. The hypothesis according to which perceived control moderates the effect of attitudes and norms on intentions is rejected. In addition, the results suggest that elderly individuals are less likely than individuals in other age groups to adopt heat protection actions. Health conditions related to vulnerability to hot weather do not seem to significantly improve the adoption of heat protection behaviours.

Conclusions
The adoption of heatwave protection actions can be improved by public health interventions that influence attitudes and social norms related to heat protection behaviours and facilitate their adoption.
Incidence of noninvasive ventilation failure and mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and proportion meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Jie , Duan Jun , Zhou Ling 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is commonly used in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the incidence and distribution of treatment failure are unclear.

Methods
A comprehensive online search was conducted to select potentially eligible studies with reports of the rate of NIV failure in patients with ARDS. A manual search was also performed to identify additional studies. Data were extracted to calculate the pooled incidences of NIV failure and mortality. Based on oxygenation, the severity of the disease was classified as mild, moderate, or severe ARDS. Based on etiologies, ARDS was defined as being of pulmonary origin or extrapulmonary origin.

Results
We enrolled 90 studies in this meta-analysis, involving 98 study arms. The pooled incidence of NIV failure was 48% (n = 5847, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 43–52%). The pooled incidence of ICU mortality was 29% (n = 2363, 95%CI: 22–36%), and that of hospital mortality was 33% (n = 2927, 95%CI: 27–40%). In patients with mild, moderate, and severe ARDS, the pooled incidence of NIV failure was 30% (n = 819, 95%CI: 21–39%), 51% (n = 1332, 95%CI: 43–60%), and 71% (n = 525, 95%CI: 62–79%), respectively. In patients with pulmonary ARDS, it was 45% (n = 2687, 95%CI: 39–51%). However, it was 30% (n = 802, 95%CI: 21–38%) in those with extrapulmonary ARDS. In patients with immunosuppression, the incidence of NIV failure was 62% (n = 806, 95%CI: 50–74%). However, it was 46% (n = 5041, 95%CI: 41–50%) in those without immunosuppression.

Conclusions
Nearly half of patients with ARDS experience NIV failure. The incidence of NIV failure increases with increasing ARDS severity. Pulmonary ARDS seems to have a higher rate of NIV failure than extrapulmonary ARDS. ARDS patients with immunosuppression have the highest rate of NIV failure.
Enhancing interprofessional education readiness in undergraduate dental students: a scenario-based peer learning programme
Authors: Çelik Gül , Sönmez Ömer Faruk , Başer Aysel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Interprofessional Education (IPE) is an educational approach that brings together students from different healthcare professions to foster collaborative learning and teamwork. Before integrating IPE into the curriculum of health preprofessional students, it is necessary to increase their readiness for IPE. Dentistry increasingly values interprofessional collaboration and teamwork for enhanced patient care and healthcare team competencies, an emphasis also echoed by recent dental education authorities. The aim of this quasi-experimental research was to assess the influence of Scenario Based Learning Peer Learning (SBPL) programme, which involved scenarios necessitating interprofessional communication, on the readiness for IPE among a cohort of undergraduate dental students studying within the framework of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA).

Methods
This study investigates undergraduate dental students’ readiness for IPE and the influence of SBPL programme on their readiness. Participants (n = 25) from 18 EHEA countries completed the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) before and after SBPL programme, held at the 70th European Dental Students’ Association (EDSA) meeting. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (p = 0.05).

Results
After the SBPT programme, there was a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) in the mean of the total scale, teamwork and collaboration, roles and responsibilities and professional identity subscale. In general, SBPL programme showed a constructive effect on interprofessional readiness. Although there was no statistically significant increase only in items 9,12,18 of the 19 items of the RIPLS, there was an increase in the averages in all except item 12.

Conclusion
Our research emphasizes the importance of diverse perspectives and IPE in the realm of dental education. Within the limits of this study, it showcases the efficacy of a brief half-day SBPL programme with interprofessional scenarios in enhancing participants’ readiness. The programme notably enhanced dental students’ readiness in grasping crucial aspects of IPE: teamwork and collaboration, professional identity, and roles and responsibilities. However, this study does not delve into the potential impact of a comprehensive, long-term curriculum integrating IPE principles. This gap underscores the need for further exploration into the sustained influence of IPE on the interprofessional skills of dental school graduates.