bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Representation of Observed Actions at the Subordinate, Basic, and Superordinate Level
Authors: Zhuang Tonghe , Kabulska Zuzanna , Lingnau Angelika 
Published: October 2023

Actions can be planned and recognized at different hierarchical levels, ranging from very specific (e.g., to swim backstroke) to very broad (e.g., locomotion). Understanding the corresponding neural representation is an important prerequisite to reveal how our brain flexibly assigns meaning to the world around us. To address this question, we conducted an event-related fMRI study in male and female human participants in which we examined distinct representations of observed actions at the subordinate, basic and superordinate level. Using multiple regression representational similarity analysis (RSA) in predefined regions of interest, we found that the three different taxonomic levels were best captured by patterns of activations in bilateral lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOTC), showing the highest similarity with the basic level model. A whole-brain multiple regression RSA revealed that information unique to the basic level was captured by patterns of activation in dorsal and ventral portions of the LOTC and in parietal regions. By contrast, the unique information for the subordinate level was limited to bilateral occipitotemporal cortex, while no single cluster was obtained that captured unique information for the superordinate level. The behaviorally established action space was best captured by patterns of activation in the LOTC and superior parietal cortex, and the corresponding neural patterns of activation showed the highest similarity with patterns of activation corresponding to the basic level model. Together, our results suggest that occipitotemporal cortex shows a preference for the basic level model, with flexible access across the subordinate and the basic level.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe human brain captures information at varying levels of abstraction. It is debated which brain regions host representations across different hierarchical levels, with some studies emphasizing parietal and premotor regions, while other studies highlight the role of the lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOTC). To shed light on this debate, here we examined the representation of observed actions at the three taxonomic levels suggested by Rosch et al. (1976). Our results highlight the role of the LOTC, which hosts a shared representation across the subordinate and the basic level, with the highest similarity with the basic level model. These results shed new light on the hierarchical organization of observed actions and provide insights into the neural basis underlying the basic level advantage.
Spindle assembly checkpoint insensitivity allows meiosis‐II despite chromosomal defects in aged eggs
Authors: Mihajlović Aleksandar I , Byers Candice , Reinholdt Laura , FitzHarris Greg 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChromosome segregation errors in mammalian oocyte meiosis lead to developmentally compromised aneuploid embryos and become more common with advancing maternal age. Known contributors include age‐related chromosome cohesion loss and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) fallibility in meiosis‐I. But how effective the SAC is in meiosis‐II and how this might contribute to age‐related aneuploidy is unknown. Here, we developed genetic and pharmacological approaches to directly address the function of the SAC in meiosis‐II. We show that the SAC is insensitive in meiosis‐II oocytes and that as a result misaligned chromosomes are randomly segregated. Whilst SAC ineffectiveness in meiosis‐II is not age‐related, it becomes most prejudicial in oocytes from older females because chromosomes that prematurely separate by age‐related cohesion loss become misaligned in meiosis‐II. We show that in the absence of a robust SAC in meiosis‐II these age‐related misaligned chromatids are missegregated and lead to aneuploidy. Our data demonstrate that the SAC fails to prevent cell division in the presence of misaligned chromosomes in oocyte meiosis‐II, which explains how age‐related cohesion loss can give rise to aneuploid embryos.
Borrowings or Code-Switching? Analysis of Ways of Morphosyntactic Integration of Lithuanian and Russian Nouns in the Novel "Robczik" by Bartosz Połoński
Authors: Masojć Irena 
Published: October 2023

One of the most debated issues in the research on linguistic interactions includes the problem of differentiating between loan words and effects of code-switching, which is solved in a particularly complex way by studying the interaction of closely related languages. The aim of the article is to reveal various ways of integrating Lithuanian and Russian nouns used in informal communication in the Polish language in Lithuania and to make attempts to answer the question of whether the degree of morphosyntactic adaptation can be used to determine the boundary between the loan words and effects of code-switching. The study is based on the linguistic material of the novel Robczik by Bartosz Połoński, in which the author fairly accurately reconstructed the slang of young people at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries. The analysis shows that in the case of typologically and genetically similar languages, foreign lexical items are incorporated into the syntactic structure of the language in several ways. However, the morphosyntactic integration of Lithuanian and Russian words is not a sufficient criterion to distinguish the phenomenon of borrowing from that of code-switching. Other criteria, such as phonological, which can only be applied to spoken linguistic material, may be of utmost importance.
Access to Justice through the Prism of Judicial Practice and Legal Theory
Authors: Shcherbanyuk Oksana , Bzova Laura 
Published: October 2023

This article discusses the access to justice, perceived as a human right. It is argued that this fundamental right is now part of today’s jus cogens. The idea of jus cogens can be a highly beneficial tool for sanctifying the existence of a normative hierarchy in the international arena, which is traditionally viewed as a set of purely horizontal relations between states. As soon as a norm or a principle acquires the character of jus cogens, it obliges the entire international community, requiring states to adapt their laws and legal practice.
The Penetration of Canon Law into the Duchy of Bohemia up to the End of the 12th Century
Authors: Krafl Pavel 
Published: October 2023

The subject of this article is the reception of Canon Law in the Duchy of Bohemia in the period until the end of the 12th century. The period from the beginnings of the Duchy of Bohemia to the end of the 12th century is a period in which the Duke held all the power in the State. Ecclesiastical Law was thus reduced to State Ecclesiastical Law.
Effect Modifiers of the Association of High-Flow Nasal Cannula and Bronchiolitis Length of Stay
Authors: Winer Jeffrey C. , Richardson Troy , Berg Kathleen J. , Berry Jay , Chang Pearl W. , Etinger Veronica , Hall Matt , Kim Grace , Meneses Paz Juan Carlos , Treasure Jennifer D. , Aronson Paul L. 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy for hospitalized children with bronchiolitis is associated with a longer length of stay (LOS) when used outside of the ICU. We sought to explore the association between HFNC and LOS to identify if demographic and clinical factors may modify the effect of HFNC usage on LOS.

METHODS
In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we used a combination of hospital records and the Pediatric Health Information System. We included encounters from September 1, 2018 to March 31, 2020 for patients &lt;2 years old diagnosed with bronchiolitis. Multivariable Poisson regression was performed for the association of LOS with measured covariates, including fixed main effects and interaction terms between HFNC and other factors.

RESULTS
Of 8060 included patients, 2179 (27.0%) received HFNC during admission. Age group, weight, complex chronic condition, initial tachypnea, initial desaturation, and ICU services were significantly associated with LOS. The effect of HFNC on LOS differed among hospitals (P &lt; .001), with the estimated increase in LOS ranging from 32% to 139%. The effect of HFNC on LOS was modified by age group, initial desaturation, and ICU services, with 1- to 6-month-old infants, patients without initial desaturation, and patients without ICU services having the highest association between HFNC and LOS, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
We identified multiple potential effect modifiers for the relationship between HFNC and LOS. The authors of future prospective studies should investigate the effect of HFNC usage on LOS in non-ICU patients without documented desaturation.
Dynamic Rupture Models of the 2016 ML 5.8 Gyeongju, South Korea, Earthquake, Constrained by a Kinematic Rupture Model and Seismic Waveform Data
Authors: Song Seok Goo , Duan Benchun 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThe ML 5.8 earthquake that jolted Gyeongju in southeastern Korea in 2016 was the country’s largest inland event since instrumental seismic monitoring began in 1978. We developed dynamic rupture models of the Gyeongju event constrained by near-source ground-motion data using full 3D spontaneous dynamic rupture modeling with the slip-weakening friction law. Based on our results, we propose two simple dynamic rupture models with constant strength excess (SE) and slip-weakening distance (Dc) that produce near-source ground-motion waveforms compatible with recorded ones in the low-frequency band. Both dynamic models exhibit relatively large stress-drop values, consistent with previous estimates constrained by source spectrum analyses. The fracture energy estimates were also larger than those predicted by a scaling relationship with the seismic moment. The dynamic features constrained in this study by spontaneous rupture modeling and waveform comparison may help understand the source and ground-motion characteristics of future large events in southeastern Korea and thus the seismic hazard of the region.
Transformer Graph Convolutional Network for Relative Travel-Time Shift Prediction
Authors: Jin Chunwei , Ye Fang , Cai Jinhui , Yao Yan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Predicting surface-wave travel-time shifts is valuable for analyzing potential effects caused by changes in medium properties, station clock errors, instrument response errors, and other factors. Many current neural networks used in seismology are single-station models trained using single-station (pair) data. However, most seismic methods require knowledge of the spatial positions between multiple stations. Multiple stations contain rich interrelationships and spatial information that cannot be exploited by single-station models. We proposed a multistation neural network structure Transformer Graph Convolutional Network (TGCN) that utilizes temporal attention and spatial attention to capture spatiotemporal information for predicting relative travel-time shifts. Before that, we introduced a method that treats station pairs as nodes and constructs a graph with multiple station pairs. We collected original ambient noise waveforms from 2017 to 2019 in the Alaska region and 2010 to 2014 in the southern California region to obtain relative travel-time shift sequences of station pairs for model training and testing. To showcase the improvement of spatial information to the model, we compared TGCN with two other baseline single-station models—temporal convolutional network and long short-term memory. Our proposed method predicted travel-time values more accurately than the two baseline models, and it also exhibited slower decay in performance when predicting over larger intervals. We also found that the number of station pairs has an impact on the model. When there are a sufficient number of station pairs, the model can effectively utilize the rich spatial information and achieve higher accuracy. Our approach, which incorporates spatiotemporal information, provides outputs that are more efficient and accurate compared with the traditional single-station (pair) method that only considers temporal information, suggesting that spatial information does enhance the performance of the model.
Cognitive - Behavioural Coping Strategies as Predictor of Suicide Risk Severity
Authors: Nicoară Romulus-Dan , Nicoară Ana-Maria , Cosman Doina , Coman Horia-George 
Published: October 2023

Background and aim: Cognitive behavioural coping strategies are closely correlated with depression and suicide risk. The aim of this study is to explore the particular features of cognitive-behavioural coping strategies and their impact on depression levels and suicidal ideation.
Methods: The study included a total of 131 participants, of whom 65 had a clinical diagnosis of depression and 66 were controls. Psychometric tools were administered to both groups: Montgomery-Asberg Depression Scale (MADRS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS21R), Strategic approach to coping scale (SACS), Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), in order to assess the differences between depressive and non-depressive individuals in relation to cognitive behavioural coping strategies.
Results and conclusion: Results based on statistical analysis of scores obtained on various psychometric scales showed significant differences between depressed and non-depressed patients. Also, cognitive-behavioural strategies could represent predictors that can be used in the prevention of suicide risk.
Impact of Capital Structure on the Company’s Financial Situation during the Pandemic – Analysis Based on Examples of Listed Companies
Authors: Jasiniak Magdalena , Rudzki Mateusz 
Published: October 2023

Under the conditions of increased uncertainty making right financial decisions can determine success or failure of every company. Maintaining financial liquidity is especially important during impactful economic fluctuations when the risk of bankruptcy rises significantly.
The purpose of the article is to evaluate the impact of financing strategies on economic situation of companies during the pandemic as well as to verify whether safe strategy can be a reliable measure of protection from the danger of bankruptcy.
Methodology. Empirical research has been based on the analysis of 30 commercial sector companies’ financial statements from 2018 to 2020. The research has been completed with discriminant analysis models, and in order to receive clear interpretation of results a new indicator has been created. The indicator shows effectiveness of financing strategies as protection from negative results of the pandemic.
Results of the research prove that under the conditions of strong and rapid economic changes a conservative strategy is a relatively safer strategy than moderate and aggressive ones, yet, it does not guarantee full protection from bankruptcy. Additionally, moderately higher risk of financing allows to increase liquidity and profitability even during the pandemic which was also indicated in the research.
Antihyperglycemic Activity of Red Fruit Oil (Pandanus conoideus Lam) on Improving Kidney Function in STZ- NA-Induced Nephropathy Rats
Authors: Khairani Ayudia Cipta , Tri Wijayanti  , Gunawan Pamudji Widodo  
Published: October 2023

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus can cause complications, one of which is diabetic nephropathy. Parameters that indicate damage to the kidneys are the increase in creatinine and albumin levels. One of the traditional medicines used in the treatment of DM is red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam). Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the antihyperglycemic activity and the effect of red fruit oil administration on creatinine levels, microalbumin, and renal histopathology in STZ-NA-induced rats. Methods: This study used 30 male Wistar rats conditioned with type 2 DM with STZ-NA induction. The rats have grouped into 6 groups: group I, the normal control, group II, the negative control, group III, the positive control (pioglitazone 15 mg/kg BW), and groups IV, V, and VI, the red fruit oil respectively 1.35 mL/kg BW,2.7 mL/kg BW, and 5.4 mL/kg BW. Red fruit oil is made in traditional way and prepared for 2 days. Parameters tested in the study include blood glucose levels, creatinine, microalbumin, and kidney histopathology. Data analysis used the ANOVA method followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Results: The results showed that a red fruit oil dose of 5.4 mL/kg BW was an effective dose in reducing blood glucose levels, microalbuminuria, and serum creatinine, and repairing damage to the kidneys of rats. The percent activity of a red fruit oil dose of 5.4 mL/kgBW for blood glucose levels, microalbuminuria and serum creatinine were 84.69%, 76.30%, and 92.20% respectively. Conclusion: Red fruit oil can reduce blood glucose levels, creatinine levels, microalbumin and can repair kidney damage.
Using Simulated Patients to Understand Non-Prescription Antibiotic Dispensing in Indonesia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Muin Fathul , Widayanti Anna Wahyuni 
Published: October 2023

Background: Dispensing antibiotics without a prescription at community pharmacies is a significant contributor to the ongoing global public health issue of antibiotic resistance. Objectives: To estimate the proportion of antibiotics that are dispensed without a prescription in community pharmacies in various Indonesian cities. Methods: A literature review was conducted via PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Garuda, and Neliti for articles published between January 2007 and December 2022 combined with Boolean operators. The literature search keywords were (simulated patientsOR mystery shopper OR sample patients OR dummy patients) AND ("antibiotics without prescription OR non-prescription antibiotics OR self-medication of antibiotics). The keywords are also used in Indonesian language (Bahasa), including “simulasi pasien” OR “sampel pasien” AND “antibiotik tanpa resep” OR “swamedikasi antibiotik”. Results: Seven studies from various cities have complied with the inclusion criteria and were considered when reviewing 199 articles. The findings of our studies were consistent with the extensive use of non-prescription antibiotics throughout the review. A simulation patient study design was used in all seven studies in this review. Amoxicillin recorded the highest percentage of dispensing without a prescription, while other drugs often purchased include chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and cefadroxil. Among the studies reviewed, one study utilized the pre-test and post-test methods, while the others did not. Conclusion: The lack of prescriptions for antibiotics dispensing has often occurred in community pharmacies throughout Indonesia. The community pharmacist's role is needed as the final gate of pharmaceutical services in providing rational treatment and controlling the dispense of antibiotics without a prescription.
Perspectives of Pharmacists, Doctors, and Nurses on Collaborative Management of Hypertension in Primary Health Centers
Authors: Siregar Nia Mariana , Puspitasari Hanni Prihhastuti , Utami Wahyu 
Published: October 2023

Background: Puskesmas is a primary healthcare facility that conducts chronic disease management, such as hypertension. The role of pharmacists in team collaboration includes that of managerial and clinical pharmacies. However, doctors and nurses still need to be fully aware of the role of pharmacists, particularly in clinical pharmacies. Objective: This study aimed to determine the perspectives of pharmacists, doctors, and nurses on the collaborative management of hypertension in health centres across the Central Lombok Regency. Methods: observational qualitative method with a maximum variation sampling technique was used. Data saturation was achieved after interviewing 27 participants between April and June 2023. Participants were pharmacists, doctors, and nurses responsible for managing hypertension in the selected primary healthcare centers. Results: Five main themes were identified. The first was a perspective on pharmacists’ managerial and clinical pharmacy roles. Almost all participants agreed that pharmacists played more roles in ensuring the availability of hypertension drugs than clinical pharmacies. Four themes were derived from a conceptual framework related to team readiness to collaborate: cognitive, affective/relational, behavioral, and leadership aspects. In general, doctors and nurses need to be made aware of pharmacists' role in the area of clinical pharmacy; meanwhile, pharmacists need to improve their clinical pharmacy knowledge. Meanwhile, team collaboration has not run optimally because each team member works individually rather than as a team member. Conclusion: Pharmacists need to improve their clinical pharmacy role, be more involved in team collaborations, and be more engaged in team collaborations; efforts are required to prepare for team collaboration.
Cutaneous Sarcoidosis in Bilateral Carpal Tunnel Release Scars
Authors: Meyer Andrea M. , Macdonald Collin , Fornadley Jeffrey M. , Taylor Kenneth F. 
Published: October 2023

Case:A 58-year-old woman with a history of systemic sarcoidosis, 2 years in remission, presented 6 years after bilateral carpal tunnel release with a 3-month history of nodularity, erythema, and tenderness to her bilateral incisions. Histopathology demonstrated noncaseating granulomas without evidence of foreign material or organisms, consistent with infiltrative scar sarcoidosis. Treatment included 4 intralesional corticosteroid injections over 5 months, with progressive resolution of symptoms and no evidence of systemic sarcoidosis reoccurrence.Conclusion:Sarcoidosis should be considered when presented with a cutaneous lesion in association with an incisional scar, either as primary presentation or as disease recurrence.
Serum cytokines in the mediation roles on the relationship between nutritional support and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants
Authors: jiang jingjing , zhang zhenjie , wan weilin , li zhenghong , li yunwei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To verify whether nutritional support is associated with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) by mediating serum cytokines.
Methods
We recorded in a retrospective cohort study the intake of enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN) in the first week, serum cytokines on Day 2–7 and Day 14–28 by examining the nutritional and clinical history of 34 newborns born at gestational age ≤ 32 weeks admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit from January 2018 to October 2019.
Results
Non-BPD group (24 infants) had a significantly higher gestational age and higher birth weight than the BPD group (14 infants). Among the infants with non-BPD, total proteins, total energy and EN carbohydrates, EN proteins, EN lipids, and EN energy in the first week intake and IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 on Day 14–28 and FiO2 on Day 28 were significantly lower, and IL-10 on Day 2–7 and IL-13 on Day 14–28 was significantly higher. Pearson correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between total protein, total energy and EN proteins, EN carbohydrates, EN lipids, and EN energy in the first week with IL-4, IL-6, and IL-8 on Day 14–28. In mediation analyses, total protein, EN proteins, EN carbohydrates, EN lipid, EN energy, total energy in the first week were related to FiO2 on day 28 partly mediated by IL-6 and IL-8 on Day 14–28.
Conclusions
Our results showed that inefficient nutrition, especially EN nutrition intake in the first week of life were associated with BPD by mediating proinflammatory cytokines on Day 14–28.