bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PhotoPyro‐Induced cGAS‐STING Pathway Activation Enhanced Anti‐Melanoma Immunotherapy via a Manganese‐Coordinated Nanomedicine
Authors: Feng Yuzhao , Wang Guohao , Li Wenxi , Yan Jie , Yu Xinying , Tian Hao , Li Bei , Dai Yunlu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMalignant melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer with a high metastatic and mortality rate. Owing to genetic alterations, melanoma cells are resistant to apoptosis induction, which reduces the efficacy of most adjuvant systemic anticancer treatments in clinical. Here, a noninvasive strategy for anti‐melanoma immunotherapy based on a manganese‐coordinated nanomedicine is provided. Supplemented with photoirradiation, photon‐mediated reactive oxygen species generation by photosensitizer chlorin e6 initiates photon‐controlled pyroptosis activation (PhotoPyro) and promotes antitumor immunity. Simultaneously, photoirradiation‐triggered double‐stranded DNA generation in the cytosol would activate the Mn2+‐sensitized cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, which further augment the PhotoPyro‐induced immune response. The syngeneic effect of these immunostimulatory pathways significantly benefits dendritic cell maturation by damage‐associated molecular patterns and proinflammatory cytokines secretion, thereby activating T cells and remarkably eliciting a systemic antitumor immune response to inhibiting both primary and distant tumor growth. Collaboratively, the photoirradiation‐triggered PhotoPyro and cGAS‐STING pathway activation by nanomedicine administration could enhance the antitumor capacity of immunotherapy and serve as a promising strategy for melanoma treatment.
Comprehensive Understandings of Hydrogen Bond Chemistry in Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Li Ming , Wang Xuanpeng , Meng Jiashen , Zuo Chunli , Wu Buke , Li Cong , Sun Wei , Mai Liqiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAqueous batteries are emerging as highly promising contenders for large‐scale grid energy storage because of uncomplicated assembly, exceptional safety, and cost‐effectiveness. The unique aqueous electrolyte with a rich hydrogen bond (HB) environment inevitably has a significant impact on the electrode materials and electrochemical processes. While numerous reviews have focused on the materials design and assembly of aqueous batteries, the utilization of HB chemistry is overlooked. Herein, instead of merely compiling recent advancements, this review presents a comprehensive summary and analysis of the profound implication exerted by HB on all components of the aqueous batteries. Intricate links between the novel HB chemistry and various aqueous batteries are ingeniously constructed within the critical aspects, such as self‐discharge, structural stability of electrode materials, pulverization, solvation structures, charge carrier diffusion, corrosion reactions, pH sensitivity, water splitting, polysulfides shuttle, and H2S evolution. By adopting a vantage point that encompasses material design, binder and separator functionalization, electrolyte regulation, and HB optimization, a critical examination of the key factors that impede electrochemical performance in diverse aqueous batteries is conducted. Finally, insights are rendered properly based on HB chemistry, with the aim of propelling the advancement of state‐of‐the‐art aqueous batteries.
Sustainable Dual‐Ion Batteries beyond Li
Authors: Zhao Zhiming , Alshareef Husam N. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe limitations of resources used in current Li‐ion batteries may hinder their widespread use in grid‐scale energy storage systems, prompting the search for low‐cost and resource‐abundant alternatives. “Beyond‐Li cation” batteries have emerged as promising contenders; however, they confront noteworthy challenges due to the scarcity of suitable host materials for these cations. In contrast, anions, the other crucial component in electrolytes, demonstrate reversible intercalation capacity in specific materials like graphite. The convergence of anion and cation storage has given rise to a new battery technology known as dual‐ion batteries (DIBs). This comprehensive review presents the current status, advancements, and future prospects of sustainable DIBs beyond Li. Notably, most DIBs exhibit similar cathode reaction mechanisms involving anion intercalation, while the distinguishing factor lies in the cation types functioning at the anode. Accordingly, the review is organized into sections by various cation types, including Na‐, K‐, Mg‐, Zn‐, Ca‐, Al‐, NH4+‐, and proton‐based DIBs. Moreover, a perspective on these novel DIBs is presented, along with proposed protocols for investigating DIBs and promising future research directions. It is envisioned that this review will inspire fresh concepts, ideas, and research directions, while raising important questions to further tailor and understand sustainable DIBs, ultimately facilitating their practical realization.
Tuneable Permeability to H2, CO2, He, and Ar in Graphene Oxide−PDDA Self‐Assembled Multilayers, Yielding Good Selectivity at High Flux
Authors: Foli Giacomo , Kovtun Alessandro , Liscio Fabiola , Battaglini Elena , Ligi Simone , Fiorini Maurizio , Minelli Matteo , Palermo Vincenzo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractToday, the most effective and suitable method to obtain molecular H2 is the extraction from mixtures where it is present, using gas‐sieving membranes. To this aim, the preparation and characterization of layered nano‐composites are described, made of alternated layers of positively charged Poly(Diallyl Dimethyl Ammonium chloride) (PDDA) and negatively charged graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets with high and tunable selectivity for H2 purification. The composites are assembled exploiting electrostatic interactions and the layer‐by‐layer technique; this study correlates permeance tests with changes in chemical composition and structure of the material using X‐rays Photoelectron Spectroscopy, X‐rays diffraction water contact angle, and surface zeta‐potential measurements. Thanks to its layered nature, the GO‐PDDA composite shows an excellent selectivity, allowing faster permeation of H2 as compared to CO2 and Argon. By transforming the GO to reduced GO, the porosity of the nanosheets can be further increased, in this way increasing the permeance of the material and its selectivity at the same time, thus allowing to overcome the Robeson limit, the technological upper boundary to the performance of actual membranes.
Wirelessly Actuated Ciliary Airway Stent for Excessive Mucus Transportation
Authors: Wang Yusheng , Sharma Saksham , Maldonado Fabien , Dong Xiaoguang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSmall‐scale cilia‐like devices that can manipulate fluids in narrow spaces have great potential in microfluidics, biomechanics, biomedical engineering, and other applications. However, prior studies mostly focus on artificial cilia for pumping fluids in lab‐on‐a‐chip microfluidic applications. The design and control of artificial cilia for transporting viscous mucus in confined and tubular structures remain challenging and medical devices such as airway stents with ciliary function are still missing. Herein, a method is reported that enables integrating artificial cilia arrays on 3D curved surfaces and an airway ciliary stent is presented for excessive mucus transportation. The method allows encoding bioinspired non‐reciprocal motion and metachronal waves for efficient fluid pumping in tubular structures. The method also introduces a lubricant hydrogel coating layer on artificial cilia inspired by the periciliary layer in airway cilia, which further enhances viscous fluid transportation. It is demonstrated that a novel ciliary airway stent can transport viscous porcine mucus in a lung phantom even faster than the respiratory cilia in a healthy human lung. The methods of designing, integrating, and controlling artificial cilia on 3D curved surfaces thus enable the unprecedented function of removing excessive mucus beyond traditional airway stents for treating various lung diseases in a minimally invasive manner.
Highly Transparent and Stable Flexible Electrodes Based on MgO/AgNW Nanocomposites for Transparent Heating Applications
Authors: Sekkat Abderrahime , Papanastasiou Dorina T. , Ghani Maheera Abdul , Roussel Hervé , Weber Matthieu , Rapenne Laetitia , Jiménez Carmen , Muñoz‐Rojas David , Bellet Daniel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTransparent electrodes (TE) based on silver nanowire (AgNW) exhibit good physical properties and constitute a promising alternative to transparent conductive oxides due to their low cost, flexibility, and low toxicity. Nevertheless, they suffer from stability issues over harsh conditions, and encapsulation allows to overcome these limitations. Herein, the low‐cost, scalable fabrication and study of transparent electrodes based on sprayed AgNW networks coated with MgO thin films deposited by atmospheric pressure spatial atomic layer deposition (AP‐SALD) at mild deposition temperature (≤220 °C) is reported. Fabrication of MgO thin films by AP‐SALD is reported here for the first time, and their deposition on different substrates is optimized. MgO exhibits a pure phase and conformal growth with a preferential (220) crystalline orientation and a higher growth rate as compared to conventional atomic layer deposition (ALD). Furthermore, thanks to the conformal coating of MgO on AgNW, the obtained nanocomposites exhibit great optical transparency of ≈85% and flexibility while maintaining high stability under thermal and electrical stress. Indeed, this study shows a clear enhancement of the stability of AgNW networks for thin MgO coatings of only a few nanometers thick. Finally, a proof‐of‐concept transparent heater is fabricated to melt a piece of cheese.
Activated Drp1 Initiates the Formation of Endoplasmic Reticulum‐Mitochondrial Contacts via Shrm4‐Mediated Actin Bundling
Authors: Duan Chenyang , Liu Ruixue , Kuang Lei , Zhang Zisen , Hou Dongyao , Zheng Danyang , Xiang Xinming , Huang He , Liu Liangming , Li Tao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExcessive mitochondrial fission following ischemia and hypoxia relies on the formation of contacts between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria (ER‐Mito); however, the specific mechanisms behind this process remain unclear. Confocal microscopy and time course recording are used to investigate how ischemia and hypoxia affect the activation of dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1), a protein central to mitochondrial dynamics, ER‐Mito interactions, and the consequences of modifying the expression of Drp1, shroom (Shrm) 4, and inverted formin (INF) 2 on ER‐Mito contact establishment. Both Drp1 activation and ER‐Mito contact initiation cause excessive mitochondrial fission and dysfunction under ischemic‐hypoxic conditions. The activated form of Drp1 aids in ER‐Mito contact initiation by recruiting Shrm4 and promoting actin bundling between the ER and mitochondria. This process relies on the structural interplay between INF2 and scattered F‐actin on the ER. This study uncovers new roles of cytoplasmic Drp1, providing valuable insights for devising strategies to manage mitochondrial imbalances in the context of ischemic‐hypoxic injury.
BLAST: A Wafer‐Scale Transfer Process for Heterogeneous Integration of Optics and Electronics
Authors: Ji Yanxin , Cortese Alejandro J. , Smart Conrad L. , Molnar Alyosha C. , McEuen Paul L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA general transfer method is presented for the heterogeneous integration of different photonic and electronic materials systems and devices into a single substrate. Called BLAST, for Bond, Lift, Align, and Slide Transfer, the process works at wafer scale and offers precision alignment, high yield, varying topographies, and suitability for subsequent lithographic processing. BLAST's capabilities is demonstrated by integrating both GaAs and GaN µLEDs with silicon photovoltaics to fabricate optical wireless integrated circuits that up‐convert photons from the red to the blue. The study also shows that BLAST can be applied to a variety of other devices and substrates, including CMOS electronics, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs), and 2D materials. BLAST further enables the modularization of optoelectronic microsystems, where optical devices fabricated on one material substrate can be lithographically integrated with electronic devices on a different substrate in a scalable process.
Pulsed I–V Analysis of Slow Domain Switching in Ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Using Graphene FETs
Authors: Hwang Hyeon Jun , Kim Seung Mo , Lee Byoung Hun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, the domain switching mechanism of ferroelectric HZO thin films is investigated by analyzing the bulk charge of a graphene field‐effect transistor with an HZO dielectric device by using a pulsed IV measurement method. The domain switching speed, which is generally difficult to observe from a typical DC‐IV analysis of metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors using a parameter analyzer, is investigated via the fast pulsed IV analysis method. Based on the measurements, most of the ferroelectric HZO domains are fast switched within 100 ns; however, domains that require a longer switching time in the order of 1 ms are also identified. Short pulses can be continuously applied to minimize the influence of other domains that are not switched by the switched domain. The feasibility of partial switching of the domains, which can be utilized for the multi‐functional operation of ferroelectric HZO devices, is observed. The results suggest that further investigation of the physical properties of slow‐switching domains is necessary to develop future synaptic array applications.
Gate‐controlled Multispectral Response in Graphene‐Based Heterostructure Photodetector
Authors: Dat Vu Khac , Hong Chengyun , Tran Minh Dao , Chau Tuan Khanh , Do Van Dam , Tran Trang Thu , Nguyen Minh Chien , Duong Hai Phuong , Oh Saejin , Yu Woo Jong , Kim Jeongyong , Kim Ji‐Hee 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMultispectral photodetectors are crucial for detecting light across a wide wavelength range, serving applications requiring precise wavelength specificity and spectral imaging capabilities. However, the development of these photodetectors is hindered by several challenges, including material compatibility issues, low responsivity, the complexity of signal processing, and precise bandgap engineering. A strategy is proposed using a MoS2‐graphene photodetector to address these issues. Gate‐tunable spectral responses are achieved in a graphene photodetector by utilizing carrier transfer from MoS2 and interfacial gating effects from a SiO2/p‐doped Si substrate. Precise gate bias manipulation enables selective photocurrent capture in the range of 500–680 nm, identical to the absorption of MoS2. Furthermore, by applying a highly negative gate bias, photocurrent signals below the MoS2 bandgap, i.e., in the 680–800 nm region, are detected, significantly provoking broadband photodetection. The results highlight the versatility of gate‐tunable multispectral response, leading to an exceptional responsivity of up to 1.4 × 105 mA W−1. Moreover, through the precise modulation of gate bias and incident wavelength, it seamlessly switches between negative and positive photocurrents. This study provides important insight into carrier photogeneration in sensitized graphene‐based multifunctional optoelectronic devices, establishing a versatile platform for detecting a broad range of photocurrents with a single detector.
Hole‐Mediated RKKY Interaction in 2D Ferromagnetic CrTe2 Ultra‐Thin Films
Authors: Wang Jin , Xu Yongkang , Wang Shuanghai , Dai Xingze , Yan Pengfei , Zhou Jian , Wang Ruifeng , Xu Yongbing , He Liang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe rapid development of 2D magnetic materials has opened new possibilities in the field of spintronics. CrTe2, a 2D material with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and ferromagnetic transient temperature near room temperature, holds promise for various applications. However, the underlying mechanism responsible for its global magnetism remains unclear. This work focuses on investigating the magneto‐transport properties of ultra‐thin CrTe2 Field Effect Transistor (FET) under the influence of top gate biases. The application of gate voltage ranging from 25 to −15 V tunes its coercivity (HC) and Curie temperature (TC) (from 152 to 191 K). Notably, a linear correlation is observed between the TC and the hole concentration () in the CrTe2 film, indicating the involvement of the Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida interaction. This experimental analysis sheds light on the mechanism of the CrTe2’s ferromagnetism and paves the way for future advancements and applications in this material.
Improving the Uniformity of Top Emitting Organic Light Emitting Diodes Using a Hybrid Electrode Structure
Authors: Riahi Mina , Yoshida Kou , Hafeez Hassan , Samuel Ifor D. W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSome applications of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) require large area, high light output, and high uniformity. It is difficult to achieve these attributes simultaneously because of voltage drops in the contacts, which cannot easily satisfy high optical transparency and electrical conductivity simultaneously. In large area OLEDs, thin electrodes with high sheet resistance induce voltage drops across the devices, leading to non‐uniform distribution of light. However, thick electrodes with low sheet resistance decrease the light output due to low transmittance. To overcome this trade‐off, a multilayer hybrid electrode based on Ag (20 nm)/WO3/Ag (20 nm)/WO3 is designed to obtain high electrical conductance with low optical loss. Compared to conventional devices using a single Ag (40 nm) top electrode, there is a considerable increase in the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the device using this electrode (from 11.5% to 25.5% at 1000 cd m−2), while maintaining similar sheet resistance. In addition, a large area (≈57 cm2) OLED with the hybrid electrode demonstrates a luminance uniformity of 77% as compared to a device using single silver electrode with uniformity of 66%. Therefore, the proposed Ag/WO3/Ag/WO3 hybrid electrode is a promising choice for the fabrication of efficient and uniform large‐area OLEDs.
Unraveling the mechanism and kinetics of aerobic Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone
Authors: Wang Jiexiang , Chen Xiaoling , Sim Ley Boon , Guan Lei , He Xiaoqi , Zhou Xiantai , Chen Binghui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study explores the aerobic Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone into ε‐caprolactone using metalloporphyrin and benzaldehyde, a greener process to replace hazardous concentrated peroxyacid. The reaction mechanism involves a series of free radical reactions, identified through in situ EPR. In this complex three‐component reaction, we developed an intrinsic kinetic model based on the proposed mechanism. Utilizing a hyperbolic equation, the model well fits experimental data, describing biomimetic catalytic behavior of the aerobic Baeyer–Villiger oxidation. The reaction orders for the three reactants corroborate the kinetic model, with the activation energy of oxygen (130.27 kJ/mol) surpassing cyclohexanone (94.85 kJ/mol) and benzaldehyde (40.73 kJ/mol), implying slow initial oxygen activation while rapid subsequent benzaldehyde oxidation, making oxygen transfer and activation key steps. This unified approach to elementary reaction, mechanism, and intrinsic kinetics provides robust forecasts and lays the groundwork for additional studies, such as side reactions control and mass transfer enhancement and reactor design.
A finite‐discrete element model for simulating collision and fragmentation of nanoparticle agglomerates
Authors: Zhang Zuyang , Liu Daoyin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe fragmentation/adhesion behavior of nanoparticle agglomerate collision, which is challenging to model, is a crucial factor affecting fluidization. In this study, a discrete‐finite element method (FDEM) based cohesive crack model is developed to simulate normal collisions between a complex agglomerate (around 1 mm) and a wall. In the FDEM model, the complex agglomerate is built from primary agglomerates (around a few micrometers), whose adhesive force and Young's modulus are measured by an atomic force microscope (AFM). The simulation results including fragmentation morphology and plastic deformation agree well with the collision experiments. Finally, the sensitivity of the model is tested, including adhesive force, solid holdup, and Young's modulus. Fragment distribution is found to fit well with a two‐parameter Weibull function and damage ratio is found to have a polynomial relation with a modified Weber number. The model output shows a potential to be utilized in macroscopic model.
Photo‐induced Multiphasic Reactions in Flow Process: A Decade of Progress
Authors: Kim Sohyeon , Suh Hyena , Park Boyoung Y. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis review explores photo‐induced multiphasic reactions in flow processes developed in the last decade, with a focus on sustainable and green synthetic methodologies in pharmaceuticals and fine chemistry. It highlights the use of light‐mediated photochemistry and multiphasic reactions for eco‐friendly synthesis. The integration of these processes in flow systems demonstrates potential for enhanced synergistic effects, and the review discusses examples of two‐phase and three‐phase reactions utilizing light as an energy source.
Polyarylene ether nitrile/divinyl siloxane‐bisbenzocyclobutene composite films: Curing reaction and thermal/mechanical/dielectric properties
Authors: He Liang , Liu Xiaobo , Tong Lifen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPolymer dielectrics, are commonly used as insulating materials for electronic products. Light weight, good mechanical properties and high thermal conductivity are important properties. However, electrical and thermal parameters are interrelated, and it is challenging to have a dielectric polymer that is also resistant to high temperatures and high thermal conductivity. Hence, high‐performance composite films were prepared by the method of post‐solid phase chemical reaction using polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) and divinyl siloxane‐bisbenzocyclobutene (BCB) as raw materials. First, parameters of the curing reaction were determined by rheological and activation energy calculations. Then, through adjusting the content of BCB resin and treatment temperature, the performance of PEN/BCB composites could be tuned. Thermal properties have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, and hot‐disk method. Here, the PEN/BCB composite electric insulating materials with outstanding thermal performance (Tg: 208–400°C, T5%: 469–544°C, thermal conductivity: 1.270–2.215 W/m K). Besides, its mechanical and dielectric properties were investigated in detail. It is noteworthy that the tensile strength of composite film can exceed a maximum of 130 MPa, which is 23.19% higher compared to the untreated one. Also, PEN/BCB composites own low dielectric constant (2.27–4.08 at 1 KHz), and the relationship between frequency or a wide temperature range and dielectric constant/loss is stable. Thus, it has a greater potential for applications in electronics in high‐temperature environments.