bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etiologic and Anti-microbial Susceptibility Profiles of Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection and Bacterial Enteritis among Children at a Private Multi-Specialty Healthcare Facility in Abuja, Nigeria: A 5-Year Separate and Comparative Review
Authors: Adeleye QA , Ndubuisi EC , Isa FA 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Urinary tract infection (UTI) and enteritis are major causes of morbidity and mortality in children. A combined profiling of UTI and enteritis could be helpful since stool plays a major role in the etiopathogenesis of UTI.

Aim:
This study aimed to examine and compare bacterial UTI and bacterial enteritis in respect of their etiology and anti-microbial susceptibility (AMS) in children aged 0 to 17 years at Alliance Hospital, Abuja.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective descriptive study of urine cultures in children who were investigated for UTI and of stool cultures in those investigated for enteritis. Data of 543 urine cultures and 614 stool cultures from January 1, 2017 to May 31, 2022 were retrieved. Bacterial yields, percentage susceptibility (PS), log-normalized susceptibility value (SVn), percentage of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, and multiple anti-microbial resistance index (MARI) were computed and compared.

Results:
The bacterial yields of urine and stool cultures were 29% and 34%, respectively. Escherichia coli was the most common bacterial cause of UTI and enteritis. Overall susceptibility was sub-optimal and similar between uropathogens and enteropathogens [PS, 64% vs. 62%; mean SVn, 5.75 vs. 5.62 (P = 0.564)]. Levofloxacin was the most effective anti-microbial agent against both uro- and entero-pathogens, while amoxicillin clavulanate and cotrimoxazole were among the least effective. The burdens of MDR uro- and entero-pathogens were 39% and 46%, and their MARIs were 0.36 and 0.38, respectively.

Conclusions:
Like in many healthcare institutions, Escherichia coli is the most common bacterial cause of UTI and enteritis in children at our facility. Second-generation fluoroquinolones remain effective against bacterial UTI and bacterial enteritis in children. Stool AMS surveillance could potentially be a surrogate strategy for urine AMS surveillance in children. Training and re-training on anti-microbial stewardship remain crucial in Nigeria.
The Pedicled Anterolateral Thigh Flap as a Versatile Option for Resurfacing Extensive Lower Trunk Defects
Authors: Ajani AO , Osisanya TO , Onyejekwe GO , Ilori OS , Oseni GO , Jatto KB , Alimi MF , Chukwuanukwu TO 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The resurfacing of large abdominal and perineal defects is a major concern, and it poses a great challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. The main target in the reconstruction of the abdomen is to ensure a stable soft-tissue cover, and a strong and reliable fascia to prevent hernia recurrence and fecal contamination. The pedicled anterolateral thigh flap (ALT) either in the myocutaneous or fasciocutaneous form is a work-horse for the closure of abdominal and perineal defects.

Aim:
There is a paucity of studies on the use of the anterolateral thigh flap among black Africans especially in Nigeria; hence, we present our experience with the use of this flap for extensive abdominal and perineal defects.

Patients and Methods:
The folders of all patients who had pedicled anterolateral thigh flap between January 2019 and July 2022 in our institution were reviewed. The patients’ demographic data and the available details about the flap reconstruction were extracted from the folders.

Results:
There were three males and two females, and the age range was between 22 and 48 years. Four cases resulted from tumor extirpation, while one was following extensive necrotizing fasciitis of the lower anterior abdominal wall. No gross anatomical variations were encountered intraoperatively. Four flaps had full survival, while one had marginal flap tip loss.

Conclusion:
The pedicled anterolateral thigh flap is an excellent reconstructive tool for the coverage of extensive abdominal and perineal defects.
Prevalence of Perinatal Asphyxia Using Apgar Scores and Cord Blood pH and the Relationship between the Two Methods: A Study of FMC Umuahia
Authors: Ogba EI , Chukwudi NK , Izuka OM , Adizua UC 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Perinatal asphyxia contributes significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality. It occurs worldwide, and the Apgar score is the most widely used method of diagnosis. Recently, umbilical cord arterial pH has been reported as the most objective way to assess fetal acidosis at birth as it predicts the adverse outcome of perinatal asphyxia. It is imperative to establish the concordance between these two diagnostic methods to reinforce the practicality of the Apgar score as the preferred diagnostic tool for perinatal asphyxia in developing nations, such as Nigeria.

Aim:
To determine the prevalence of perinatal asphyxia by using the Apgar score and arterial cord blood pH and the relationships between these methods at the Federal Medical Center (FMC), Umuahia.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study enrolled 245-term newborns. Perinatal asphyxia was diagnosed using both Apgar scoring and arterial cord blood pH measurements. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and a P value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
Perinatal asphyxia was reported in 33.1% and 31.4% by using the Apgar score and arterial cord blood pH, respectively. There was a moderate agreement between the two methods for diagnosing perinatal asphyxia (κ = 0.44), and no statistically significant difference was observed in the prevalence of perinatal asphyxia between these methods (McNemar’s χ2 = 0.27, P = 0.699). Furthermore, a strong positive correlation was observed between the Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes of life and arterial cord blood pH (rs = 0.87, P ≤ 0.001 and rs = 0.80, P ≤ 0.001 respectively).

Conclusion:
The prevalence of perinatal asphyxia by the two methods was high, and there was no significant difference between both methods of assessing perinatal asphyxia. Thus, the diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia can effectively be made using either the Apgar score or arterial cord blood pH, affirming the practicality and reliability of the Apgar score in resource-limited healthcare settings.
Insights into Risk: Exploring Retinopathy of Prematurity and Short-term Comorbidities in Moderate-to-Late Preterm Infants
Authors: Raffa LH , Fatani M , Alghamdi R 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and short-term comorbidity data moderate-to-late preterm (MLP) infants in Saudi Arabia are limited.

Aim:
The present study mainly aimed to identify ROP incidence and severity in MLP infants. The secondary objective was to explore whether moderate preterm infants are more prone to systemic short-term comorbidities compared to late preterm infants.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, a tertiary center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Two-hundred and sixty-eight MLP infants born with gestational ages (GAs) of 32 to 36 + 6 weeks were included. Births were classified as moderate preterm (GA 32 to 33 + 6 weeks) and late preterm (GA 34 to 36 + 6 weeks) and the two groups were compared with an independent t-test.

Results:
ROP incidence was 1.5%; all cases were stage 1 and involved zone II or III. No patient had type 1 ROP requiring treatment. The short-term comorbidity incidence was high (76.1%) and included hyperbilirubinemia (n = 206, 76.7%), respiratory distress syndrome (n = 178, 66.4%), hypoglycemia (n = 32, 11.9%,), and transient tachypnea of newborn (n = 25, 9.3%). Moderate preterm infants were more likely to have lower birth weight (P < 0.001), any-stage ROP (P = 0.032), respiratory distress syndrome (P = 0.031), intraventricular hemorrhage (P = 0.038), and hyperbilirubinemia (P < 0.001) compared to the late preterm infants.

Conclusions:
Any-stage ROP incidence among MLP infants was low, with no type 1 ROP cases requiring treatment. Short-term comorbidity incidence was relatively high among the moderate preterm infants. Despite the low non-type 1 ROP incidence at our center, MLP infants require proper surveillance of systemic short-term comorbidities.
The Effect of Saliva and Dental Caries of the Patients with Hashimoto Thyroiditis on Cytokine Levels
Authors: Güngör Borsöken A , Gursel Surmelıoglu D 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dental caries and oral health of patients on salivary cytokine levels with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT).

Material and Methods:
The study included 30 patients (n = 30) diagnosed with HT. The standardization of the participants was achieved with specific biochemical parameters, and the sociodemographic information of the patients was obtained through anamnesis. A pH meter was employed for salivary pH measurement. After determining the oral problems of the patients, necessary treatments were applied. Following 3 months of treatment, saliva samples were taken to evaluate cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and CRP) and for ELISA analyses. The Wilcoxon test was used for pairwise comparison of nonparametric data, and the Chi-square test was employed to analyze categorical variables at P < 0.05.

Results:
There was a significant decrease in salivary TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and CRP levels between the measurements before and after 3 months of treatment (P < 0.05). In addition, a significant increase was found in salivary pH (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The salivary cytokine levels decrease and the inflammatory response improves when the inflammation in the periodontal tissues and dental caries is treated.
PENGARUH KINERJA KEUANGAN TERHADAP PANGSA PASAR BANK UMUM SYARIAH DI INDONESIA PERIODE 2016-2020
Authors: Wahyuni Sri 
Published: February 2024

The aim of this research is to examine how Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia are finalized and their relationship to market share. This research uses quantitative descriptive methods and collects data through secondary data or through quarterly financial reports of Sharia Commercial Banks. The population in this research is the Financial Reports of Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia for the 2018-2022 period. The sampling technique in this research is total sampling, namely a sampling method known as total sampling using a proportional number of samples with a population of less than 100. Total sampling is carried out because the entire population functions as a research sample for all. The research results show that there is a negative and significant effect of FDR on the market share of Sharia Commercial Banks, CAR has no effect on the market share of Sharia Commercial Banks, DER has a positive and significant effect on the market share of Sharia Commercial Banks, ROA has a positive and significant effect on the market share of Sharia Commercial Banks.Keywords: FDR; CAR; DER; ROA; Sharia Commercial Bank Market Share
Exercise training attenuates skeletal muscle fat infiltration and improves insulin pathway of patients with immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies and dermatomyositis
Authors: de Oliveira Diego Sales , Bruna Pires Borges Isabela , Kazue Nagahashi Marie Suely , Marcondes Lerario Antonio , Oba-Shinjo Sueli Mieko , Katsuyuki Shinjo Samuel 
Published: February 2024

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effects of exercise training on intramuscular lipid content and genes related to insulin pathway in patients with systemic autoimmune myopathies (SAMs).
Patients and methods: Between January 2016 and May 2019, a total of seven patients with dermatomyositis (DM; 3 males, 4 females; mean age: 49.8±2.3 years; range, 43 to 54 years), six with immune mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM; 3 males, 3 females; mean age: 58.5±10.6 years; range, 46 to 74 years), and 10 control individuals (CTRL group; 4 males, 6 females; mean age: 48.7±3.9 years; range, 41 to 56 years) were included. The muscle biopsy before and after the intervention was performed to evaluate the intramuscular lipid content. Patients underwent a combined exercise training program for 12 weeks. Skeletal muscle gene expression was analyzed and the DM versus CTRL group, DM pre- and post-, and IMNM pre- and post-intervention were compared.
Results: The DM group had a higher intramuscular lipid content in type II muscle fibers compared to the CTRL group. After the intervention, there was a reduction of lipid content in type I and II fibers in DM and IMNM group. The CTRL group showed a significantly higher expression of genes related to insulin and lipid oxidation pathways (AMPKβ2, AS160, INSR, PGC1-α, PI3K, and RAB14) compared to the DM group. After exercise training, there was an increase gene expression related to insulin pathway and lipid oxidation in DM group (AMPKβ2, AS160, INSR, PGC1-α, PI3K, and RAB14) and in IMNM group (AKT2, AMPKβ2, RAB10, RAB14, and PGC1-α).
Conclusion: Exercise training attenuated the amount of fat in type I and II muscle fibers in patients with DM and IMNM and increased gene expression related to insulin pathways and lipid oxidation in DM and IMNM. These results suggest that exercise training can improve the quality and metabolic functions of skeletal muscle in these diseases.
Effects of acute aerobic exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor level in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Bağlan Yentur Songül , Ercan Zübeyde , Deniz Gülnihal , Karataş Ahmet , Gür Mustafa , Alkan Gökhan , Serdar Koca Süleyman 
Published: February 2024

Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the variation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels following acute exercise in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 88 participants (25 males, 63 females; mean age: 45.1±8.3 years; range, 18 to 65 years) between July 2020 and May 2021. Of the participants, 44 were RA patients, and 44 were age-and sex-matched healthy controls. Aerobic exercise was utilized in all participants for a single session. Depression and anxiety levels were evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Blood samples were collected from all subjects before and immediately after the intervention.
Results: Serum BDNF levels (both baseline and after exercise) were similar in the RA and control groups. Although serum BDNF levels significantly decreased in both groups after aerobic exercise (Wilcoxon rank p<0.05), ΔBDNF levels were significantly higher in the RA group than in the control group (p=0.047). Additionally, ΔBDNF levels were significantly correlated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores in the RA group (p<0.05) but not in the control group.
Conclusion: A single bout of exercise may effectively decrease serum BDNF levels in patients with RA and healthy subjects. The long-term effect of exercise on BDNF levels should be investigated in prospective studies.
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) in patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis: A marker of disease activity and severe disease manifestations with potential therapeutic implementations
Authors: Artin Joy , Elsabagh Yumn A. , Rashed Laila , Hussein Mohamed A. 
Published: February 2024

Objectives: This study aims to investigate proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) in patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis (d-SSc) and its relation to disease activity, severity and subclinical atherosclerosis in such group of patients.
Patients and methods: Between December 2019 and July 2021, a total of 41 patients with d-SSc (17 males, 24 females; mean age: 36.1±1.9 years; range, 19 to 58 years) and 41- age and sex-matched healthy controls (17 males, 24 females; mean age: 40.1±1.7 years; range, 20 to 60 years) were included. Disease activity and skin thickness of the patients were evaluated using the European Scleroderma Study Group (EScSG) score and modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS), respectively. Serum PCSK9 and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Duplex ultrasound, respectively.
Results: Serum PCSK9 was higher in patients compared to controls (p=0.003), particularly in those with digital ulcer (DU) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) (p<0.001). The PCSK9 positively correlated with the mean pulmonary artery pressure, EScSG, mRSS, C-reactive protein (p<0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p<0.05), lipid profile, and mean CIMT (p<0.01). In the multivariate analysis, EScSG, mRSS, lipid profile, and waist circumference were significantly correlated with PCSK9. Serum PCSK9 levels of (182.6 ng/mL) had 77.7% sensitivity and 81.2% specificity for diagnosing DU versus (172.8 ng/mL) 90.1% and 73.5% for ILD (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Serum PCSK9 is upregulated in d-SSc with higher levels in severe disease manifestations such as DU and ILD. It is correlated well with disease activity, more severe disease manifestations, and CIMT. The PCSK9 inhibitors may be a target of therapy in diseases with premature atherosclerosis such as d-SSc regardless of its anti-cholesterol effect, at least in more severe manifestations.
Indocyanine green guided sentinel lymph node biopsy may have a high sensitivity for early (T1/T2) colon cancer: A prospective study in Indian patients
Authors: Ahmed Zeeshan , Patil Sanjeev M , Sekaran Anuradha , Rebala Pradeep , Rao GV 
Published: February 2024

Objective: Indocyanine green (ICG) dye guided near infrared fluorescence (NIR) imaging is a promising tool for mapping lymphatics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of ICG guided SLN biopsy in Indian colon cancer patients.
Material and Methods: Forty-eight patients of clinically staged T1-T3 node negative colon cancer underwent laparoscopic/open resection. Patients received colonoscopic peritumoral submucosal ICG injections for laparoscopic (n= 32) and subserosal injections for open resections (n= 16) followed by the detection of SLN using NIR camera. SLNs underwent conventional hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staging with additional serial sectioning and immunohistochemistry for pancytokeratin antibody (ultra-staging). Detection rate and upstaging rate were the primary end points.
Results: Forty-eight patients were recruited. An average of 2.08 ± 1.27 SLNs were identified in 45 patients at a mean time of 8.2 ± 3.68 minutes with a detection rate of 93.75%. Mean age and mean BMI were 59.7 ± 12.54 years and 24.8 ± 4.09 kg/m2 , respectively. Eighteen patients had node positive disease, and SLN was false negative in four of these patients resulting in a sensitivity of 77.77% with a trend towards higher sensitivity for T1-T2 tumours (90% vs. 62.5%, p= 0.068). Upstaging rate was 10%. Negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of the procedure were 87.09% and 91.11%, respectively.
Conclusion: ICG guided SLN biopsy can identify metastatic lymph nodes in colon cancer patients that can be missed on H & E staging with relatively higher sensitivity for early (T1/T2) tumours.
Feasibility of totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair in patients with previous prostatectomy
Authors: Özata İbrahim H. , Sucu Serkan , Karahan Salih N. , Kaan Kılıçoğlu Bilge , Kalender Mekselina , Camcı Furkan , Özoran Emre , Bozkurt Emre , Uymaz Derya S. , Ağcaoğlu Orhan , Balık Emre 
Published: February 2024

Objective: Laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair (TEP) surgery technique includes three key steps: reaching the preperitoneal space, reducing hernias, and placement of mesh. However, reaching the preperitoneal space can be complicated in patients with previous lower abdominal surgeries. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of laparoscopic inguinal TEP in patients with previous prostatectomies.
Material and Methods: Inguinal hernia patients who underwent laparoscopic TEP between January 2015 and February 2021 at Koç University Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, were included in this retrospective study. The operations were performed by five senior surgeons experienced in laparoscopy. Patients were divided into two study groups, as the radical prostatectomy (RP) group which included patients with previous prostatectomy non-RP which included patients without previous radical prostatectomy. Operative time (OT), length of hospital stay (LOS), and postoperative complications were compared within two groups.
Results: Three hundred and forty-nine patients underwent laparoscopic TEP, and 27 had previous prostatectomies. Among them, 190 patients had unilateral inguinal hernias, and 159 had bilateral inguinal hernias. Mean age of the patients in the non-RP and RP groups was 58.1 ± 14.7 and 73.9 ± 9.6 years, respectively. Only one (3.7%) case was complicated with urinary tract infection in the RP group, and 10 (3.1%) were complicated in the non-RP group. Complications for the non-RP group include hematomas in six cases, urinary tract infection in three cases, and urinary retention in one case. No significant difference in mean operative time was seen between non-RP and RP groups (p= 0.43). There was no significant difference in the means of the length of hospital stay between the two groups (p= 0.7).
Conclusion: Laparoscopic TEP in patients with a previous prostatectomy can be performed safely without prolonging the operative time and increasing the length of hospital stay.
Dominator coloring of Kneser graph
Authors: Zhao Conghui , Zhang Shumin , Jia Tianxia , Ye Chengfu 
Published: February 2024

A dominator coloring (briefly DC) of a graph G is a proper coloring such that each vertex dominates every vertex of at least one color class (possibly its own class). The dominator chromatic number χd(G) of G is the smallest cardinality of color classes in a DC of G. By using Steiner triple systems, in this paper, we establish that the dominator coloring of the Kneser graph KG(n, 2) is n for n ≥ 5.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Return Saham Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Tahun 2019-2022
Authors: Tika Handayani  , Hasibuan Rahnawaty , Shally Rizkiyanti  , Ardelia Suharmanto  , Maulidia Berlianti  
Published: February 2024

Tingkat pengembalian yang diperoleh dari pembelian dan penjualan saham dikenal dengan istilah return saham. Laba atau laba periode berjalan berdampak pada harga saham korporasi, menurut data yang dirilis Bursa Efek Indonesia. Harga saham dipengaruhi oleh minat investor, yang meningkat seiring dengan naiknya keuntungan perusahaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh CR, ROA, DER, EVA terhadap Return Saham perusahaan manufaktur subsektor makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Tahun 2019-2022. Menggunakan data sekunder dari BEI, metode penelitian menggabungkan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Pengujian hipotesis dan penentuan statistik menggunakan metode pengujian tradisional. Pada periode 2019-2022, dikumpulkan data dari 14 perusahaan manufaktur subsektor makanan dan minuman yang memenuhi syarat pemilihan sampel. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Debt to Equity Ratio dan Economic Value Added tidak berpengaruh terhadap return saham, namun Current Ratio dan Return On Assets (ROA) berpengaruh.