bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Young Louise B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Into this mysterious universe we are all plunged at birth with no set of instructions, no maps or guideposts. The questions of meaning, purpose, and direction remain with us all of our days. Although they may be hidden beneath the blanket of everyday concerns, they emerge now and then, unbidden-when we look into the grave eyes of a newborn child or stand beneath the canopy of stars in the stillness of a summer night. In every field and woods, in every season of the year we see intricately designed artistic creations-a rosebud opening, a butterfly emerging from a chrysalis, a snowflake drifting on the winter wind. Countless examples speak of an underlying force responsible for designing a world of order and beauty. Yet we cannot close our eyes to the ugliness, the pain, and cruelty that are present, too. The cuckoo hatchling pushes the baby robins out of their nest, the larvae of the ichneumon fly slowly eat out the intestines of the living caterpillar, and human beings in torture chambers ram pressure hoses down the throat and red­ hot pokers up the anus of their victims.
Ezra Pound The Poetics of Money
Authors: Morrison Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ezra Pound translated poetry, a great deal of it. His command of the dozen or so languages from which he worked was not always, perhaps, everything it might have been, yet he remains among the most distinguished of modernist translators. Pound cannot, then, be easily characterized as inimical to translation, and my attempt to do so in what follows might at first seem counterfactual, if not willfully perverse. Indeed, so great was his enthusiasm for translation that, at least in 1915, his utter innocence of the language to be translated in no way impeded his efforts at the same.
T. S. Eliot The Poetics of Failure
Authors: Morrison Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Eliot’s reputation, like Harry’s homecoming in The Family Reunion is troubled by the Eumenides, the vengeful ghosts of Milton and Shelley. Northrop Frye, an enemy only to Eliot’s cultural polemic, suggests that this need not be so: Since the nineteen-twenties, critics have become increasingly aware of the continuity of the English Romantic tradition and of Eliot’s place in it. One cannot both accept a tradition and decide what it is to be.
Contagious Folly: An Adventure and Its Skeptics
Authors: Castle Terry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What to make of someone who sees a ghost? In his 1830 attack on superstition, Letters on De- rrwnowgy and Witchcraft, Sir Walter Scott was forthright: anyone who claimed to see an apparition was either mad or on the way to becoming so. Since ghosts, according to Scott, did not exist, to maintain that one had seen one was to be pathetically unbalanced-the victim of some “lively dream, a waking reverie, the excitation of a powerful imagination, or the misrepresentation of a diseased organ of sight.” The skeptic was not to be deceived by the air of apparent reasonableness with which the ghost-seer typically described his or her visions: in the case of every such person he had met with, Scott wrote, “shades of mental aberration have afterwards occurred, which sufficiently accounted for the supposed apparitions, and will incline me always to feel alarmed in behalf of the continued health of a friend, who should conceive himself to have witnessed such a visitation.”
Composers
Authors: Stokes W Royal 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What with the extemporaneous nature of jazz and the ease with which its performers create without paper in front of them, the discipline and labor that go into jazz composition is often lost sight of. Composing in jazz is sometimes thought of as players just mounting the bandstand and blowing whatever comes into their heads. Well, that is certainly one aspect of the process, for any performer in this improvisatory art form must be able to think ahead for a few bars while playing and, ideally, come up with something different from the last time he or she performed the tune at hand. Sometimes the player creates anew a melody, a set of chord changes, or a rhythm, and sometimes a combination, thereby literally composing on his or her feet. However, unless this musician soon makes some sort of a record of that moment, the creative act may well vanish into thin air. Still, many jazz artists do compose in the quiet of the study and, as we shall learn from those profiled in this chapter, their methodologies are both diverse and similar.
Plato’s Socrates
Authors: Brickhouse Thomas C , Smith Nicholas D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Socrates, as he is portrayed in Plato’s early dialogues, remains one of the most controversial figures in the history of philosophy. This book concerns six of the most vexing and often discussed features of Plato’s portrayal: Socrates’ methodology, epistemology, psychology, ethics, politics, and religion. Brickhouse and Smith cast new light on Plato’s early dialogues by providing novel analyses of many of the doctrines and practices for which Socrates is best known. Included are discussions of Socrates’ moral method, his profession of ignorance, his denial of akrasia, as well as his views about the relationship between virtue and happiness, the authority of the State, and the epistemic status of his daimonion. By revealing the many interconnections among Socrates’ views on a wide variety of topics, this book demonstrates both the richness and the remarkable coherence of the philosophy of Plato’s Socrates.
The Untranslatability of A-Sentences by Tenseless Date-Sentences
Authors: Smith Quentin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are two main types of B-sentences, date-sentences and token-reflexive sentences. An example of the former is “John (is) born earlier than May 1, 1960,” and of the latter, “John (is) born earlier than this utterance.” The distinction between these two types provides a means for classifying most of the proponents of the old or new versions of the semantic tenseless theory of time. Some of these proponents hold the date-theory of A-sentences, that tokens of A-sentences are translated (in some sense) by tenseless date-sentences, or at least have truth conditions that are completely statable by these date-sentences. Other proponents hold the tokenreflexive theory of A-sentences, that these sentences are translated (in some sense) by token-reflexive tenseless sentences, or at least have truth conditions that are completely statable by these token-reflexive sentences. In this chapter, I shall argue against the date-theory of A-sentences, in chapter 3, against the token-reflexive theory; in chapter 4, I shall argue against the other less frequently espoused versions of the semantic tenseless theory and develop a positive theory of A-sentences that conforms to the tensed theory of time.
The Tensed Theory of A-Sentences
Authors: Smith Quentin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
4.1 The Transition to Positive Arguments for the Tensed Theory of Time
Chapters 1-3 began the argument for the tensed theory of time by developing an adequate method of linguistic analysis (the “translation method”) and using it to demonstrate the falsity of the tenseless theory of A-sentences. Chapter 4 continues this argument by developing a tensed theory of A-sentences, that is, a theory stating that all A-sentences ascribe an A-property of presentness, present pastness, or present futurity.
Biogeography of Amazon Palms
Authors: Henderson Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, I first bring together the physical factors of the Amazon environment (soils, climate, river systems, topography) and interpret them in relation to palm distributions; that is, I take an ecological biogeography approach. Then I consider geologic history and its relation with palms; that is, I take a historical biogeographic approach, with particular reference to the refuge theory. The main difference between these two approaches is one of scale. The ecological approach is useful at the small scale, whereas the historical biogeographic approach considers distributions on a larger scale. The biotic factors that form part of the ecological biogeography, such as dispersal and dispersers, are discussed as well.Few palms are restricted to any one soil type. Widespread species such as Mauritia flexuosaalmost always occur on inundated soils, but these can be gleysols, solonchaks, or fluvisols. Certain palms are perhaps more abundant on specific soil types, but can also occur on others. For example, Lescure and colleagues (1992) found that Leopoldinia piassabawas common on podzols, but also occurred, less abundantly, on other soils. At the small scale, soils are a mosaic of types. For example, Jordan (1989) showed how small variations in topography, which affected the water table, could change soil type over a short distance, with a consequent effect on vegetation. Within a 500 m transect, with an 8 m elevational range, six different communities and associated soil types occurred. Locally, palm distribution is closely tied to both soil type and drainage, as clearly shown by Kahn and de Granville (1992).
To All Ingenious Ladies
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Love of Truth, the tender Regard I have for your Honour, joyn’d with a just Indignation to see you so unworthily us’d, makes me assume the Confidence of imploying my Pen in your Service. The Knowledge I had of my Inability for so great a Task, made me for a while stifle my Resentments, as thinking it much better privately to lament the Injuries that were done you, than expose you by a weak Defence to the fresh Insults of a Person, who has not yet learnt to distinguish between Railing and Instruction, and who is so vain as to fancy, that the Dignity of his Function will render every thing he thinks fit to say becoming: But when I found that some Men were so far from finding fault with his Sermon, that they rather defended it, and express’d an ill-natur’d sort of Joy to see you ridicul’d, and that those few among ‘em who were Pretenders to more Generosity and good Humour, were yet too proud, too much devoted to their Interest, and too indulgent to their Pleasures, to give themselves the Trouble of saying any thing in your Vindication, I had not the Patience to be Silent any longer.
To The Queen’s Excellent Majesty
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Tis not without awful Thoughts and a trembling Hand that these Poems are laid at your Royal Feet. The Address has too much Confidence; the Ambition is too aspiring; But to whom should a Woman unknown to the World, and who has not Merit enough to defend her from the Censure of Criticks, fly for Protection, but to Your Majesty? The Greatest, the Best, and the most Illustrious Person of Your Sex and Age.
To Almystrea
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Permit Mariss in an artless Lay To speak her Wonder, and her Thanks repay: Her creeping Muse can ne’er like yours ascend; She has not Strength for such a towring Flight. Your Wit, her humble Fancy do’s transcend; She can but gaze at your exalted Height: Yet she believ’d it better to expose Her Failures, than ungrateful prove; And rather chose To shew a want of Sense, than want of Love: But taught by you, she may at length improve, And imitate those Virtues she admires. Your bright Example leaves a Tract Divine, She sees a beamy Brightness in each Line, And with ambitious Warmth aspires, Attracted by the Glory of your Name, To follow you in all the lofty Roads of Fame.
To Mr. Dryden, on his excellent Translation of Virgil
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thou matchless Poet, whose capacious Mind Contains the whole that Knowledge can impart, Where we each charming Science find, And ev’ry pleasing Art: Permit my Muse in plain unpolish’d Verse, In humble Strains her Wonder to rehearse: From her low Shade she lifts her dazl’d Sight, And views the Splendor and amazing Height: See’s boundless Wit, in artful Numbers play, And like the glorious Source of Day, To distant Worlds both Light and Heat convey. Before the happy Birth of Light,, E’er Nature did her forming Pow’r display, While blended in their native Night, The Principles of all things lay; Triumphant Darkness did her self dilate, And thro’ the Chaos with resistless Sway Her dusky Horrors spread; Such in this Isle was once our wretched State: Dark melancholy Night her sable Wings display’d, And all around her baleful Influence shed; From Gloom, to Gloom, with weary’d Steps we stray’d, Till Chaucercame with his delusive Light, And gave some transient Glimm’rings to the Night: Next kinder Spencerwith his Lunar Beams lnrich’d our Skies, and wak’d us from our Dreams.
Song
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cease, fair Calistris,cease disdaining; ‘Tis time to leave that useless Art: Your Shepherd’s weary of complaining; Be kind, or he’ll resume his Heart. Damon,be gone; I hate complying; Go court some fond, believing Maid: I take more Pleasure in denying, Than in the Conquests I have made. Damon. Why, cruel Nymph, why, why so slighting? Is this the Treatment I must have? Were not your Beauty so inviting, I wou’d no longer be your Slave. Calistris. Damon,begon, I hate complying, Your Heart’s not worth the having; Were there Ten thousand Shepherds dying, No one were worth the saving.
The Song of the Three Children Paraphras’d
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ascend my Soul, and in a speedy Flight Haste to the Regions of eternal Light; Look all around, each dazling Wonder view, And thy Acquaintance with past Joys renew. Thro’ all th’ lEthereal Plain extend thy Sight, On ev’ry pleasing Object gaze; On rolling Worlds below, On Orbs which Light and Heat bestow: And thence to their first Cause thy Admiration raise In sprightly Airs, and sweet harmonious Lays. Assist me, all ye Works of Art Divine, Ye wondrous Products of Almighty Pow’r, You who in lofty Stations shine, And to your glorious Source by glad Approaches tow’r: In your bright Orders all appear; With me your grateful Tribute pay, Before his Throne your joint Devotions lay.
Of Pride
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among the numerous Vices incident to Mankind, and in which they are unhappily immers’d, there is none they have a stronger Propensity to, and which they more willingly indulge, than Pride,and none for which they have a less Appearance of Reason. ‘Tis strange that depending Where Light, as glorious as Meridian Day, Did all around its lustrous Beams display, And where Delights, for Mortals much too high, Did them with unexhausted Joys supply, They sunk to Realms of Darkness and Despair. No Light but that of livid Flames was there; A pale, a dismal, melancholy Sight: All there was Horror, all did there affright, And there they still must live, excluded from Delight. This dang’rous MischiefI with Care will shun, Will never be by haughty Thoughts undone. My self I know, and by that Knowledge taught, My Soul have to a humble Temper wrought.
Of Grief
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Grief is a Passion, which most People believe it becomes them to indulge: They tell us, ‘Tis what the Miseries incident to the human Nature exacts from us; and that, as not to be concern’d for their own Misfortunes, would be Stupidity; so to be unmov’d at the Affiictions of others would be the Height of Barbarity. The greatest part of Mankind are led by Opinion, and what they have once taken for Truth, they will never be at the Labour of examining. They are almost as much afraid of Innovations in Matters of Reason, as in those of Faith. Besides, ‘tis painful to form a new Set of Thoughts, to deviate from the beaten Road, to run counter to establish’d Maxims, to wander in unknown Paths, and ro follow Reason to her solitary Recess. They are every Day regal’d by their Senses, and so encompass’d by the Pleasures that attend them, so totally absorb’d in the Delights of the animal Life, that they cannot disengage themselves, cannot so much as dart one single Glance beyond their thick Atmosphere, beyond that Region of Vapours, to which they are fatally confin’d. That which afords them a present Satisfaction, they fancy to be good, and by Consequence that which deprives them of it to be evil. On this Hypothesisthey ground all their Arguments, and from hence draw all their Conclusions. Health, Riches, Relations, Fame, Honours, &c.they take to be constituent Parts of Happiness, and therefore their Contraries must necessarily bring Misery. These Mistakes run them into innumerable Absurdities, involve them in inextricable Errors, and render them obnoxious to the Insult of every prevailing Passion, liable to the Shock of every cross Accident, every unexpected Disappointment; and ‘tis no wonder, while they are govern’d by such wrong Notions, to see them excessively griev’d for the Death of Relations, Adversity gives a manly Firmness, fences us against the Allurements of Sense, the tempting Blandishments of Life, makes us retire into our selves, and seek Satisfaction where ‘tis only to be found.
Of Riches
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Were we to form Judgments only from outward Appearances, from the general Practice of the World, should we not be indin’d to think Riches the Summum Bonum,the chief, the only Good of Mankind, that without which ‘twere impossible for them to enjoy the Felicity appropriated to their Nature? What else could be a Temptation strong enough to make them sacrifice their Ease, their Quiet, their Health, their Liberty, their Fame, and what ought to be infinitely more dear, their Virtue, their Honour, their Conscience, and all their future Hopes, to their Avarice? What prevalent enough to make them prize a great Estate more than an unspotted Innocence, a glittering Treasure more than a bright Understanding, and the Reputation of being richer than their Neighbours, more than that of being better and more rational? By what can they demonstrate a greater degeneracy of Soul, a higher pitch of Frenzy, The only Use I know Riches are of, is the having it in one’s Power to help the Needy, to do Good to the Indigent. I assure the Reader, were they given to me on condition, I should wholly keep them to my self; I would not accept of a Gift so clog’d: But such a Supposition ought not to be made; ‘tis unfit to imagine so much as a remote possibility of such a Narrowness of Mind in God; in him who is Goodness it self, and gives to all his Creatures with an unbounded Munificence, and whom we cannot in any thing please better, than in imitating the Benignity of his Nature, and in endeavouring to be Bountiful as he is Bountiful; which tho’ we cannot be in effect, yet we may be in desire; we may wish well to all; and those we cannot make Rich, we may by our Advice endeavour to make Easie, Patient and Resign’d; tho’ we cannot give them Gold, yet we may teach them Wisdom, and by inspiring them with a Love of Virtue, Probity, and Truth, put them in possession of the most valuable Treasures, Treasures without which all others would be Curses instead of Blessings, and consequently should deserve to be plac’d among their chiefest Benefactors, as having made them the greatest, the most inestimable Present.
Of Justice
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is no Virtue more talk’d of, and pretended to than justice,and yet perhaps none less understood, and worse practised. The greatest part of Mankind are chain’d to what they call their Interest, incessantly tugging at the Oar, imploy’d in the tiresome Service of their Vices, or in the no less troublesome Gratification of their Humours: Reason has no Superiority over them; her Voice is too soft, her Whispers too low to be heard amidst so much Hurry and Noise. She delights in a calm Mind, chuses to reside in the inmost Recess of a silent compos’d Soul; such unhappy Wretches, such unthinking Creatures, cannot bear her Reproofs, cannot endure her gentlest Admonitions, her ro kindest, most endearing Perswasions. Whatever runs counter to their Vices, gives a Check to their rapacious Desires, sets Bounds to their Avarice, or attempts to stop them in their impetuous Career, offends them. They think it an Injury to be kept from committing Crimes, from doing Wrong; and, what is most to be wonder’d at, so much are they govern’d by their Passions, that what they are apt to censure in others, to load with the highest Imputations, and place in the blackest Catalogue of Sins, they not only wink at in themselves, but are so audacious, as to own them publickly, and plead for them as equitable Actions.
Of Calumny
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Tis a great, but melancholy Truth, that as this Age encreases in Politeness, in Finenesses of Learning, in Niceties of good Breeding, and in the Punctilio’s of an exact Civility; so it proportionbly decreases in Justice, Sincerity, that affectionate Concern it becomes us to have for each other; and in all those commendable Qualities, those antiquated Virtues, which were the Ornaments of earlier Times. Alas! there are not so much as the Footsteps left of that noble Simplicity, native Plainness, unartificial Kindness, and uncorrupted Integrity, which appear’d in the Infant World, and from thence, as from a pure uncorrupted Fountain, ran for some Ages unmix’d with foreign Streams, till an overflowing 10 Deluge of Vice broke down the Banks, and by pouring in its muddy and polluted Waters, robb’d them of their natural Purity. We may trace them in the first Histories, see them meliorating the EgyptianSoil, affording rich Production in the ancient Persia,diffusing themselves thro’ Greece,and plentifully watering the RomanCommonwealth, till, like the Rivers of Paradise, they were lost in the Abyss, and, after the fatal Inundation, remain’d undistinguish’d from the great Mass of Liquids, from whence, I fear, nothing less than the general Conflagration, the last refining Fire, will be able to extract them: We see nothing amongst us but the very Dregs, the nauseous Sediment of that universal Corruption; there’s 20 hardly any thing left that looks like the Work of God, that has the Impress of Divine Goodness, the Stamp of infinite Justice, or any Participation of the Eternal Truth. The generality of Men seem to have Treachery interwoven with their Nature, something that’s Diabolical in their Temper: Malice, Pride, Envy, and Uncharitableness seem to make up the Composition of Humanity; they fill their Thoughts, influence their Actions, and discover themselves in their Discourses.