bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the full wave field on a shell using a single-point laser Doppler vibrometer
Authors: Li Chunlin , Xu Shaohang , Liu Yongquan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
To experimentally measure the complicated vibration and wave characteristics of a shell, a 3D scanning laser Doppler vibrometer is a competent but costly instrument due to the requirement of exactly aligning each point when scanning the shell. Here we propose a simplified measuring method just by utilizing a single-point laser vibrometer fixed on a motorized positioning system. The clamp can be rotated to adjust the incident angles and translated to capture the whole tested region. During each test in a specific incident angle, the signals are interpolated to generate a continuous wave field in both the time domain and the frequency domain, eliminating the need for alignment. The in-plane and out-of-plane wave fields are obtained from the measured 3D signal using the projection relationship, and then verified both experimentally and numerically. Furthermore, we show that the present method can be used to test complex wave fields, such as the scattering field by obstacles on a cylindrical shell. The present work may stimulate systematically experimental studies on the wave propagation and vibration on shells.
Image encryption scheme based on optical chaos and DNA Rubik’s cube algorithm
Authors: Chen Wei-Hao , Zhou Xue-Fang , Zheng Ning , Li Min-Jun , Hu Miao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In order to improve the complexity of optical chaotic sequence output and the encryption efficiency of bit plane encryption, an image encryption algorithm based on optical chaos and DNA Rubik’s cube scrambling is proposed. An external disturbance structure of light injection is proposed to improve the complexity of the chaotic sequence of light output from the slave laser by the external disturbance generated by the mutual injection between the driving laser and the main laser. Meanwhile, in the image algorithm, in addition to Rubik’s cube scrambling at the pixel level, this paper proposes a bit plane encryption method based on DNA plane Rubik’s cube scrambling, which reduces the amount of encrypted data and further improves the security of image encryption by using encryption selection of different DNA encoding modes. The scrambled images are diffused by DNA calculation and optical chaos sequence at the bit-level and pixel level respectively. Through the quantitative analysis of the security simulation of the proposed algorithm, the results show that the algorithm guarantees a certain encryption efficiency under the condition of good security, the key space is 1064, the information entropy of each test ciphertext image is close to the theoretical maximum, and the test indexes of plaintext sensitivity and key sensitivity are close to ideal values. For differential attacks, chosen plaintext attacks, known plaintext attacks, exhaustive attacks, cropping attacks, and noise attacks have good robustness.
Space-resolved line shape model for sputtered atoms of finite-size targets
Authors: Sackers M , Marchuk O , Ertmer S , Brezinsek S , Kreter A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
High-resolution emission spectroscopy provides valuable information on the physical sputtering process during plasma-wall interaction. Up to now, analyzing the observed spectral lines during sputtering did not account for the finite size of the targets. It becomes crucial if the size of the target becomes comparable with the distance the sputtered atoms travel before emitting the photons. So, for example, the generally used standard emission model based on an infinite target or the point source approximation breaks for observations using two lines of sight: parallel and perpendicular to the normal of the target. It is impossible to achieve consistent results for energy and angular distribution of sputtered atoms. The new space-resolved emission model for finite-size targets developed in this work removes this gap. It incorporates the space-velocity transformation for the distribution function and includes the finite lifetime of excited states. The model was validated using emission spectra of sputtered atoms from a polycrystalline tungsten sample bombarded by monoenergetic Ar+ with kinetic energies of 100 eV to 140 eV at normal incidence in the linear plasma device PSI-2. Using the new model enables the simultaneous fitting of the line shapes of sputtered tungsten for both observation angles. The optimization process is performed using the standard Thompson distribution by separating the energy-dependent parameter and the angular distribution.
Polarization factors and their effects on the rotational gyromagnetic ratio
Authors: Tabar E , Kuliev A A , Yakut H , Hoşgör G , Kemah E 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The effect of the polarizations on the collective gyromagnetic ratio (g

R
) has been investigated in detail using the Rotational Invariant Quasiparticle Phonon Nuclear Model (RI-QPNM). The model includes an axially symmetric mean-field potential, monopole pairing, spin-dependent residual interactions, and the restoration forces determined according to Pyatov’s prescription for rotational invariance. The restoration of the rotational symmetry gives a solution at the zero energy associated with the rotational branch of nucleonic motion, allowing us to obtain the g

R
-factors of the core. The remaining solutions lead to the appearance of configuration mixing in the excitation spectrum of the odd-mass deformed nucleus. The configuration mixing quenches both spin and angular momentum matrix elements and affects the contribution of the odd particle to the g

R
. It has been demonstrated that the polarization factors associated with the ΔK = 1 matrix elements are essential to achieve quantitative agreement with the experimental data. It has also been shown that the general assumption for core polarization, i.e.,

g

s

e
f
f

≈
0.6

g

s

f
r
e
e

,

is insufficient to explain the experimental data.
Multilayer neural networks for studying three-dimensional flow of non-Newtonian fluid flow with the impact of magnetic dipole and gyrotactic microorganisms
Authors: Madhu J , Baili Jamel , Kumar R Naveen , Prasannakumara B C , Gowda R J Punith 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The current paper explores the three-dimensional flow of an Oldroyd-B liquid with the impact of a magnetic dipole that occurred by stretching a flat surface placed in the plane with a linear velocity variation in two directions containing motile gyrotactic microorganisms. Using proper similarity transformations, the governing equations are reduced into nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The ODEs are then solved using Runge–Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF) method. The training, testing, and validation processes are carried out in parallel to adapt neural networks and calculate an approximate solution for the considered model. This helps to reduce the mean square error (MSE) function by Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation. The efficiency of the suggested backpropagated neural networks methodology has been demonstrated by utilizing outcomes such as MSE, error histograms, correlation and regression. Results reveal that the heat transport augments for increased Biot number values. The mass transport declines for improved chemical reaction rate parameter values. A higher Peclet number will result in a lower motile diffusivity and result in a decline in the micro-organism’s density profile. For the least value of Mu and gradient, better convergence of the findings can be achieved with better network testing and training.
On novel topological characteristics of graphene
Authors: Ediz Süleyman 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Molecular topological indices are quantitative measurements that only take into account the topology of a compound’s molecular graph, disregarding any knowledge of the atom locations or chemical connections. An allotrope of carbon called graphene is composed of a single layer of atoms set up in a hexagonal lattice nanostructure. A single layer of carbon atoms organized in a honeycomb pattern make up the two-dimensional substance known as graphene. Graphene possesses significant inherent qualities like strong strength and great thermal and electrical conductivity. It is a sustainable substance with practically countless eco-friendly applications. In this study, we calculate the R molecular topological indices, S molecular topological indices, and Van molecular topological indices of graphene structure, taking into account all conceivable combinations of the number of rows and hexagons. There are high correlations between R, S Van index values and neighbourhood-based entropy values of graphene. This shows that these new indices can be used in QSPR/QSAR studies in chemistry and physics.
Characteristic analysis of a controlled-clearance piston-cylinder assembly up to 1500 MPa using a finite element method
Authors: Liu Chunguang , Wang Can , Zhang Zhongli , Lin Zhenghao , Feng Miaolin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We utilized numerical methods to analyze the characteristics of the piston-cylinder assembly of a controlled-clearance piston gauge. The piston gauge was able to measure liquid pressure from 100 MPa to 1500 MPa with the relative expanded uncertainty of 0.02% (k = 3). We established a finite element model to solve the stress and strain of the structural problem. The effective areas were calculated based on Dadson’s formula using the converged solutions of the clearance and the pressure distribution within the distorted piston-cylinder engagement gap that were iteratively determined by the finite element model and a fluid mechanics model with pressure-dependent fluid’s properties. Results were compared to the effective areas calculated by the modified Heydemann–Welch model based on experimental data, and the relative differences were less than 0.02%. We found sharp declines of the clearance and pressure distribution near the exit of the piston-cylinder engagement gap, which may lead to wearing during long-time operation at high pressures. Numerical results indicated non-linear relationship between jacket pressure and the cubic root of piston fall speed, which was traditionally considered as linear. The stall jacket pressure obtained by cubic (instead of linear) fitting extrapolation was found more close to the ones determined directly by the finite element model. Numerical results also found non-linear relationships among jacket pressure, measuring pressure, jacket pressure distortion coefficient.
Excitation of quantum oscillator by electromagnetic wavelet pulses
Authors: Astapenko V A , Bergaliev T K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The excitation of a quantum oscillator at transitions between stationary states by wavelet pulses with zero and nonzero area as a function of their duration and amplitude is studied. The excitation from the ground state is examined in detail, together with the specific features of this process during excitation from excited states. Analytical expressions for the main characteristics of excitation probability under weak and strong perturbation of quantum oscillator were obtained within limits of strict consideration. Particularly, it was found that, on a qualitative and quantitative level, there is no difference between excitation by pulses with zero and non-zero area.
Time-warping invariant quantum recurrent neural networks via quantum-classical adaptive gating
Authors: Nikoloska Ivana , Simeone Osvaldo , Banchi Leonardo , Veličković Petar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Adaptive gating plays a key role in temporal data processing via classical recurrent neural networks (RNNs), as it facilitates retention of past information necessary to predict the future, providing a mechanism that preserves invariance to time warping transformations. This paper builds on quantum RNNs (QRNNs), a dynamic model with quantum memory, to introduce a novel class of temporal data processing quantum models that preserve invariance to time-warping transformations of the (classical) input-output sequences. The model, referred to as time warping-invariant QRNN (TWI-QRNN), augments a QRNN with a quantum–classical adaptive gating mechanism that chooses whether to apply a parameterized unitary transformation at each time step as a function of the past samples of the input sequence via a classical recurrent model. The TWI-QRNN model class is derived from first principles, and its capacity to successfully implement time-warping transformations is experimentally demonstrated on examples with classical or quantum dynamics.
Social progressivism: toward democracy in society
Authors: Zack Naomi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter tackles the concept of social progressivism. Nineteenth-century moral progressivism was significant for the expansion of democratic government to democratic society. Political morality also contributes to new conceptions of democracy by extending democracy from government structure to societal reorganization toward equality. Meanwhile, 20th-century social progressivism relies on the optimism of bettering the lives of those disadvantaged in society. The chapter discusses the theories of progress proposed by Thomas Hobbes, David Hume, Adam Smith, Immanuel Kant, G. W. F. Hegel, Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, and Karl Marx. Key social movements of the abolition of slavery and women’s suffrage are also considered.
Nelson Mandela: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Boehmer Elleke 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Nelson Mandela: A Very Short Introduction outlines the long trajectory of the life of Nelson Mandela. It also considers images, narratives, politics, and more critical revisionist literature on Mandela in an effort to create the iconic image of Mandela. Mandela’s life greatly coincides with the historical and political context of the struggle against apartheid in South Africa and the post-apartheid period of difficult reconciliation. The VSI features the character and achievements of Mandela through the perspective of his influences, interests, and leading ideas. It explores the literature responding to Mandela’s death in 2013 and the subsequent legacy he left behind.
Influences and interactions
Authors: Boehmer Elleke 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter tackles the cultural and political influences, traditions of thought and activism in Nelson Mandela’s political life. It also considers his growing susceptibility to arguments in favour of active or armed resistance by Algeria-based anti-colonialist Frantz Fanon and the revolutionary elements within the South African Communist Party (SACP). Mandela and his generation were products of a remarkable period of black intellectual flowering in southern Africa. Religious institutions then became entirely responsible for the education of blacks and encouraged the ideas of social duty and modern belief in the autonomous self. The chapter notes how Mandela’s commitment to extending black self-representation through mass political mobilization inevitably raises the question of his affiliation to African American and Pan-African traditions of political thought.
Sophiatown sophisticate
Authors: Boehmer Elleke 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the cultural vibrancy of Sophiatown that influenced Nelson Mandela. It explains how Mandela fused the Edwardian style and the self-control of his school upbringing to achieve a vision of positive success. Moreover, Mandela was exposed to the compelling images of African American self-assertion from film and jazz and the edgy defensiveness of African nationalist machismo. The chapter highlights the significance of the Drum magazine, referencing how it communicated and represented role models for the target black bourgeois audience. It explains how Mandela developed the dynamism that allowed him to override the feelings of self-alienation and burst into the modern present.
Masculine performer
Authors: Boehmer Elleke 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter expounds on the breathtaking abilities of Nelson Mandela as a performer and manipulator of images. It then considers how his performances affected the political vision of the African National Congress (ANC). Mandela keenly embraced the precept of political success meant transmitting a more humanly convincing message than one’s rival. The chapter then elaborates on Mandela’s awareness of his iconic status as if it were itself an expression of his politics and his projection of consistently masterful masculinity with sensitivity and feeling. It explains how Mandela’s life may be interpreted as a model for African upward mobility and political success.
Tailored pre-procedural management and four-clip trans-catheter edge-to-edge repair procedure to efficiently treat torrential tricuspid regurgitation: a case report
Authors: Dreyfus Julien , Nakache Ariel , Nejjari Mohammed 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The use of trans-catheter treatment for tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is currently increasing, especially trans-catheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER). However, patients with very large coaptation gaps are usually considered not eligible for this treatment.

Case summary
We present the case of an 87-year-old man with symptomatic [New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional Class IV, right-sided heart failure signs] isolated torrential TR due to chronic atrial fibrillation who was initially considered not eligible for a tricuspid valve (TV) TEER because of a very large coaptation gap. A leadless pacemaker was implanted, and the patient received high doses of intravenous diuretics at home during 2 months. After heart team discussion, he was then considered suitable for a TEER procedure. A ‘zipping’ technique was performed, with the implantation of four TriClip devices, based on the anatomy of the TV and guided by fluoroscopy and bi- and tri-dimensional trans-oesophageal echocardiography, allowing an excellent procedural result (mild TR and mean TV gradient = 1 mmHg). At 6 months, TR was still mild, the patient reported a remarkable improvement (NYHA I, no heart failure signs), and 6-min walk test increased from 260 to 375 m.

Discussion
This case underscores the need for heart valve centres with dedicated and experienced teams and networks of care to adequately manage patients with severe TR from pre-procedural choice of cardiac pacing type and optimization of diuretic therapy to customized interventions with appropriate number and location of clips according to the anatomy of the valve and the mechanism of TR, guided by high-quality bi- and tri-dimensional echocardiography.
Transcatheter mitral valve implantation using the Tendyne valve in a patient with prior transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a case report
Authors: Shah Muhammad Azam , Almahrous Najeeb , Alreshidan Mohammed , Alshehri Halia Zain 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The presence of aortic and mitral disease in a patient who is not a suitable candidate for surgical correction poses significant challenges in the diagnostic workup as well as management plans. Percutaneous treatment can be staged to fix the aortic valve with transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) as a first step, followed by reassessment and percutaneous correction of mitral regurgitation (MR).

Case summary
A 65-year-old female with multiple co-morbidities presented with acute coronary syndrome and heart failure. She was diagnosed with three-vessel coronary artery disease and degenerative low-flow low-gradient severe aortic stenosis, along with severe degenerative MR with a left ventricular ejection fraction of 35%. Because of the high surgical risk, she underwent multi-vessel percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation was done as a staged procedure, which partially improved her symptoms. Mitral regurgitation was not suitable for percutaneous mitral valve edge-to-edge repair. After a discussion by the heart team, she underwent transcatheter mitral valve implantation, for which the Tendyne mitral valve (Tendyne™; Abbott) was used through a transapical approach. There was no paravalvular leak, and the mean gradient across the valve was 2 mmHg. She was symptomatically better at follow-up and an echocardiogram showed a normally functioning aortic valve and Tendyne mitral valves.

Discussion
Transapical transcatheter mitral valve implantation using the Tendyne valve is a feasible option for patients with prior TAVI. This can be considered an alternative treatment for MR in patients who are not suitable for edge-to-edge mitral repair.
Diverging pathways: the effects of initial legal status on immigrant socioeconomic and residential outcomes in France
Authors: Lai Tianjian , McAvay Haley , Safi Mirna 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Drawing on a unique, large-sample survey from France, Trajectories and Origins (TeO), this article provides an empirical assessment of the effects of migrants’ initial legal status on socioeconomic attainment focusing on three outcomes: household income, neighbourhood disadvantage, and concentration in immigrant neighbourhoods. Legal status effects are identified using a twofold strategy. First, our data comprise an exceptionally rich set of information on premigratory characteristics, which allows us to disentangle the effect of initial legal status from migratory selection processes. Furthermore, we implement an instrumental variable design to correct for the endogeneity of initial legal status. Findings show that some of the initial legal status effect is due to selection, whether measured by observable premigratory characteristics or other unobservable variables. Nonetheless, we also find robust evidence that refugees durably face socioeconomic disadvantage in terms of income and are more likely to live in immigrant-dense neighbourhoods. We discuss how these findings contribute both empirically and theoretically to the literature on the civic stratification of migrants’ pathways: first, by highlighting that we should disentangle the long-term civic stratification mechanisms from sorting into legal status categories, and second, by stressing that the theory should be more specific about which legal status categories are decisive in creating hierarchies between migrants.