bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rosiglitazone inhibits the insulin‐mediated increase in PAI‐1 secretion in human abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes
Authors: Harte A. L. , McTernan P. G. , McTernan C. L. , Smith S. A. , Barnett A. H. , Kumar S. 
Published: August 2003

Objective:  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of insulin and an insulin‐sensitizing agent, rosiglitazone (RSG), on the production of plasminogen‐activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) in isolated subcutaneous abdominal adipocytes. Human tissue‐type plasminogen activator (t‐PA) was also measured to assess changes in overall thrombotic risk.Methods:  The mean depot‐specific expression of PAI‐1 and t‐PA mRNA (n = 42) in subcutaneous abdominal (n = 21), omental (n = 10) and thigh (n = 11) adipose tissue depots was examined. Furthermore, subcutaneous adipocytes were treated with insulin, RSG and insulin in combination with RSG (10−8 m) for 48 h. Conditioned media were collected and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays performed for PAI‐1 and t‐PA (n = 12) antigen. PAI‐1 and t‐PA mRNA levels were also assessed.Results:  PAI‐1 mRNA levels were significantly higher in subcutaneous and omental abdominal tissue than in thigh fat (p = 0.037 and p = 0.014). No change in t‐PA mRNA expression between the adipose tissue depots was observed. Insulin stimulated PAI‐1 protein secretion in a concentration‐dependent manner in adipocytes (control: 68.3 ± 1.2  ng/ml (s.e.m.); 10 nm insulin: 73.7 ± 3.8 ng/ml↑; 100 nm insulin: 86.8 ± 4.1 ng/ml↑**; 1000 nm insulin: 102.0 ± 4.8  ng/ml↑***; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). In contrast, insulin + RSG (10−8 m) reduced PAI‐1 production relative to insulin alone (***p < 0.001), whilst RSG alone reduced PAI‐1 protein secretion in a concentration‐dependent manner (RSG at 10−10 m: 50.4 ± 2.87 ng/ml↓***; RSG at 10−5 m: 30.3 ± 2.0 ng/ml↓***; p < 0.001). No difference was observed between control and treatments for t‐PA secretion (range 7–11 ng/ml).Conclusions:  Insulin stimulated PAI‐1 secretion, whilst RSG reduced both PAI‐1 secretion alone and in combination with insulin. These data suggest that adipose tissue may contribute significantly to the elevated circulating PAI‐1 in obesity. Therefore, RSG's effects on PAI‐1 production in adipose tissue may contribute to the fall in circulating PAI‐1 levels observed in patients receiving RSG therapy.
Humalog® Mix50™ before carbohydrate‐rich meals in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Roach P. , Arora V. , Campaigne B. N. , Mattoo V. , Rangwala S. ,   The India Mix25/Mix50 Study Group
Published: August 2003

Aim:  To compare pre‐meal injection of Humalog® Mix50™ (Mix50) and Humalog® Mix25™ (Humalog® Mix75/25™ in the US; Mix25) with respect to 2 h postprandial (2 h pp) blood glucose (BG) control after a carbohydrate‐rich breakfast in patients with type 2 diabetes.Research Design and Methods:  One hundred and sixteen patients were enrolled in a 16‐week crossover trial and received two treatment regimens in a randomized crossover fashion: (i) Mix50 before breakfast and Mix25 before the evening meal (Mix50/Mix25) and (ii) Mix25 before both breakfast and the evening meal (Mix25 twice daily). Insulin doses were adjusted according to stated glycaemic targets. After 6 and 8 weeks of treatment, the patient's usual morning insulin dose was administered, followed immediately by a test breakfast representative of the patient's usual breakfast meal. Fasting and 2 h pp BG concentrations were measured at the time of the test meal. Haemoglobin A1c (A1C) was measured, and information regarding hypoglycaemia (symptoms) was collected at the end of each treatment period.Results:  Insulin doses were similar between treatments (morning = 31–33 U, evening = 26–28 U) at endpoint. Following the test breakfast, the 2 h pp BG was lower (10.9 ± 0.3 mmol/l vs. 12.4 ± 0.3 mmol/l, p = 0.0012) and the 2 h pp BG excursion was smaller (1.4 ± 0.28 mmol/l vs. 3.5 ± 0.28 mmol/l, p < 0.001) during treatment with Mix50/Mix25 than during treatment with Mix25 twice daily. There was no difference between the treatments with respect to fasting BG (Mix50/Mix25, 9.5 ± 0.3 mmol/l vs. Mix25 twice daily, 8.9 ± 0.3 mmol/l; p = NS), A1C (8.14% ± 1.14% vs. 8.14% ± 1.07%; p = NS) or the incidence of self‐reported hypoglycaemia (34% vs. 23%; p = NS).Conclusions:  Compared with treatment with Mix25 twice daily, treatment with Mix50 before breakfast and Mix25 before the evening meal resulted in better pp glycaemic control following a carbohydrate‐rich meal, and similar fasting BG, A1C and incidence of hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Effects of cyclo (his–pro) plus zinc on glucose metabolism in genetically diabetic obese mice
Authors: Hwang I. K. , Go V. L. W. , Harris D. M. , Yip I. , Kang K. W. , Song M. K. 
Published: August 2003

Aims:  The specific objective of this study was to determine acute and long‐term effects of cyclo (his–pro) (CHP) plus zinc and l‐histidine (CZH) treatment on glucose metabolism in genetically obese (ob/ob), type 2 diabetic mice.Methods:  Acute effects of 0.3 mg of CHP plus 10 mg of zinc and 0.5 mg of l‐histidine/kg body weight (BW) on fed blood glucose concentrations and 3‐h average of above fasting blood glucose concentrations (TAFGCs), an index of oral glucose tolerance test, in lean and ob/ob mice were determined. To evaluate long‐term effects of CZH on TAFGCs, lean and ob/ob mice were treated with drinking water containing increasing doses of CHP (0, 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 mg/l) plus 10 mg zinc and 0.5 mg of l‐histidine/l for 3 weeks. During the treatment period, fed blood glucose concentrations, BW and food and water intake were determined. At the end of the treatment, fasting blood glucose concentrations, TAFGC and fed plasma insulin concentrations were determined.Results:  Blood glucose concentrations significantly decreased when CZH was administered acutely via gastric gavage in food‐deprived ob/ob mice. Similarly, 1.0 mg/l CHP treatment of mice with fixed amounts of 10 mg zinc and 0.5 mg l‐histidine/l was optimal to decrease fed blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations during a 3‐week treatment period in ob/ob mice. TAFGC values in these mice also improved most significantly with the same combination of CHP, zinc and l‐histidine used to test for fed blood glucose and plasma insulin levels. Fasting blood glucose concentrations and BW gains also decreased in ob/ob mice treated with 1.0 mg of CHP/l plus the same amount of zinc and l‐histidine used in the above experiments. No effects of CZH treatment in lean mice were observed.Conclusions:  CZH is effective in decreasing blood glucose concentrations in genetically obese (ob/ob), type 2 diabetic mice. These data support our working hypothesis that CZH may be an important anti‐hyperglycaemic agent.
Effects of dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover on ambulatory blood pressure and endothelial function in postmenopausal type 2 diabetes
Authors: Howes J. B. , Tran D. , Brillante D. , Howes L. G. 
Published: August 2003

Objective:  The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover affected ambulatory blood pressure and forearm vascular endothelial function in postmenopausal type 2 diabetic women.Design:  Sixteen postmenopausal type 2 diabetics treated with diet or oral hypoglycaemic therapy completed a randomized double‐blind crossover trial of dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover (approximately 50 mg/day) for 4 weeks compared to placebo. Twenty‐four‐hour ambulatory blood pressure recordings and forearm vascular responses to acetylcholine, nitroprusside and L‐nitromonomethylarginine (L‐NMMA) were measured at the end of each treatment period.Results:  Mean daytime systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly lower during isoflavone therapy compared to placebo (−8.0 ± 3.4 and −4.3 ± 1.9 mmHg respectively, p < 0.05). The increase in forearm vascular resistance following L‐NMMA was significantly greater during isoflavone supplementation (20.9 ± 6.5) than placebo (3.7 ± 2.9 arbitrary units, p < 0.05), suggesting an improvement in basal endothelial function. Plasma lipoproteins, glycated haemoglobin and forearm vascular responses to acetylcholine and nitroprusside did not differ significantly between isoflavone and placebo therapy.Conclusion:  Isoflavone supplementation from red clover may favourably influence blood pressure and endothelial function in postmenopausal type 2 diabetic women.
Lipoprotein risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with oral antihyperglycaemic agents
Authors: Chu J. W. , Abbasi F. , McLaughlin T. L. , Lamendola C. , Schaaf P. , Carlson T. H. , Leary E. T. , Reaven G. M. 
Published: August 2003

Aims:  To compare lipoprotein risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) treated with a sulphonylurea (SU) compound only, metformin (MET) only, or combined SU + MET.Methods:  The study population consisted of 62 patients with type 2 DM, whose antihyperglycaemic treatment program had been stable for at least 3 months, divided into three groups: 26 patients in the SU group, 17 patients in the MET group and 19 patients in the SU + MET group. None of the patients were taking lipid‐lowering drugs. Fasting venous blood samples were taken to measure concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) and remnant lipoprotein‐cholesterol (RLP‐C) as well as for determination of LDL particle diameter.Results:  The three groups were similar in terms of age, gender, body mass index and fasting plasma glucose concentrations. Total cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower (p < 0.05 for trend) in those treated with SU + MET as compared with the other two groups. However, there were no significant differences between the three groups in their plasma concentrations of TG, LDL‐C, HDL‐C or RLP‐C; furthermore, the proportion of individuals within each treatment group with small LDL particle diameter was also not different.Conclusions:  The lipoprotein profile of patients with type 2 DM, matched for level of fasting hyperglycaemia, was similar irrespective of treatment with SU alone, MET alone or SU + MET. Thus, we could not identify any changes in lipoprotein metabolism that could account for differences in risk of CVD as a function of treatment.
Influence of apolipoprotein E genotype on the response to caloric restriction in type 2 diabetic patients with hyperlipidaemia
Authors: Tamasawa N. , Murakami H. , Yamato K. , Matsui J. , Tanabe J. , Suda T. 
Published: August 2003

Aims:  Hyperlipidaemia is a major predisposing factor to atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Apolipoprotein (apo) E polymorphism influences lipoprotein metabolism, and the present study was undertaken to explore the relation, in type 2 diabetics, between apo E genotype and the plasma lipid response to dietary therapy.Methods:  The subjects were 104 patients with type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidaemia, and the difference, due to apo E genotype, in dietary response was followed for 4–6 weeks. The caloric intake was maintained in the range 20–25 kcal/kg, and the medications for diabetes were not changed during the follow‐up period.Results:  Plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly lowered by the dietary treatment in patients with apo E genotypes of ε3/3, ε2/3 and ε3/4; however, the lipid levels in patients with ε2/4 did not respond to the diet.Conclusions:  apo E genotype should be taken into consideration in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia in diabetic patients.
Dog‐ears: a useful artifice in the closure of extensive wounds
Authors: De Giorgi V , Mannone F , Quercioli E , Giannotti V , Piccolo E , Carli P 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACTBackground Wounds too extensive to permit primary repair by suturing can be closed using a skin graft or skin flap and the choice of method depends on a series of factors. Practice and personal experience play a role, as well as the characteristics of the lesion and its site. Each case poses special problems, so it is not possible to establish firm rules.Objective To present a surgical technique for the closure of a circular defect located on the dorsum of the foot, which resulted from the extirpation of a melanoma by surgery.Methods In this case we used a mixed procedure consisting of skin flaps and a double full‐thickness skin graft. For this operation we used dog‐ears resulting from the circular exeresis performed for the extirpation of the tumour.Results The reconstructive results were good and there were no postoperative complications.Conclusions We consider this procedure particularly suitable for certain anatomical sites, such as the dorsum of the foot, where the skin is less elastic and thinner; and for patients who are not willing to accept skin removal from other sites or for flaps to be made with more invasive operations and more constructed scars.
Pustular acral erythema in a patient with acute graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Ruiz‐Genao DP , GF‐Villalta MJ , Peñas PF , Fraga J , García‐Díez A , Fernández‐Herrera J 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACTAcral erythema is a well‐known side‐effect of chemotherapy treatment but it is not common in patients undergoing bone marrow transplant. We report a post‐transplant patient with clinical and histological acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) who concurrently developed acral erythema presenting as painful, well‐defined and self‐limiting palmar erythema with pustules. A skin biopsy from the palm showed abnormal keratinocyte maturation and eccrine squamous syringometaplasia. This case illustrates the difficulties in establishing the differential diagnosis of cutaneous eruptions in patients undergoing bone marrow transplant.
Overexpression of bcl‐2 in lymphocytes of psoriatic skin
Authors: Yildiz L , Bariş S , Senturk N , Kandemir B 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACTBcl‐2 overexpression in lymphocytes play an important part in immunological and inflammatory diseases. In the present study, we investigated the bcl‐2 expression in dermal lymphocytes of psoriatic skin biopsy samples. From the archives of the Department of Pathology, Ondokuz Mayis University Medical School (Samsun, Turkey), tissue sections belonging to 28 psoriasis cases and 10 chronic non‐specific inflammatory skin disease cases were immunohistochemically stained by bcl‐2. Positive staining was semiquantitatively graded from 1+ to 4+. Of the 28 psoriasis cases 20 were found to express bcl‐2. Our data suggest that bcl‐2‐mediated inflammation plays a part in the pathogenesis and recurrent character of psoriasis.
Basal cell carcinoma showing connections with epidermal cysts
Authors: Tanaka M , Terui T , Sasai S , Tagami H 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACTBasal cell carcinomas arising from epidermal cysts are rare. A 76‐year‐old Japanese man had had a blackish nodule on his right knee for 15 years, under which he later noticed the development of a subcutaneous nodule. On histological examination masses of tumour cells showed the feature of adenoid and solid patterns of basal cell carcinoma that were connected to the wall of epidermal cysts in many places as well as with the overlying epidermis.
Multiple agminated superficial arteriovenous haemangioma on the scalp
Authors: Grunwald MH , Cagnano E , Barki Y , Halevy S 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACTWe describe a patient with an unusual presentation of multiple arteriovenous haemangioma (AVH) grouped in one area of the scalp. The diagnosis was confirmed by histological, X‐ray and ultrasound studies. These lesion represent a rare, benign, acquired vascular hamartomatous formation that arises from the suprapapillary vascular plexus.
Reconstruction of Skin Defects After Radical Excision of Anorectal Giant Condyloma Acuminatum: 6 cases
Authors: Meštrović Tomislav , Čavčić Josip , Martinac Pero , Turčić Josip , Župančić Božidar , Marija Čavčić Ana , Jelinčić Željko 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACTThe authors report six cases of giant condyloma accuminatum and evaluate the use of mesh‐skin grafts in covering the skin defect after radical local excision of perianal giant condyloma acuminatum. Medical records of six patients suffering from the giant condylomata acuminata and treated surgically at the Department of Surgery, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, were examined. Use of mesh‐skin grafts in covering the skin defect after radical local excision of GCA was compared to other methods of treating the skin defect after radical excision of perianal lesions such as secondary wound healing. Four patients were treated by radical local excision and two patients were treated by abdominoperineal resection. There were partial graft failures (satisfactory result) in all patients and complete healing took about 3 to 4 weeks from time of grafting. A mesh‐skin graft was used to cover the skin defect. There were no recurrences, wound infections, wound bleeding, hypertrophic scars, or mesh‐like skin appearance of the recipient site. Therefore a good cosmetic and functional result was achieved. Use of mesh‐grafts in covering the wounds after radical excision of anorectal giant condylomata acuminata compares favorably to healing by secondary intention in terms of wound healing time, and gives good functional and cosmetic results.
Mineral oil granuloma of the penis
Authors: Hohaus K , Bley B , Köstler E , Schönlebe J , Wollina U 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACTWe report a 30‐year‐old‐patient with penile sclerosing lipogranuloma following injections of Vaseline. He was successfully treated by complete surgical removal of the subcutaneous material and excision of atrophic skin, followed by penoplasty. Temporary impairment of wound healing was overcome by application of topical carbon dioxide gas. A brief review on international literature is given.
The Phenotypic Consequences of CFTR Mutations
Authors: Rowntree Rebecca K. , Harris Ann 
Published: August 2003

SummaryCystic fibrosis is a common autosomal recessive disorder that primarily affects the epithelial cells in the intestine, respiratory system, pancreas, gall bladder and sweat glands. Over one thousand mutations have currently been identified in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene that are associated with CF disease. There have been many studies on the correlation of the CFTR genotype and CF disease phenotype; however, this relationship is still not well understood. A connection between CFTR genotype and disease manifested in the pancreas has been well described, but pulmonary disease appears to be highly variable even between individuals with the same genotype. This review describes the current classification of CFTR mutation classes and resulting CF disease phenotypes. Complex disease alleles and modifier genes are discussed along with alternative disorders, such as disseminated bronchiectasis and pancreatitis, which are also thought to result from CFTR mutations.
Genetic Structure and Origin of Peopling in The Azores Islands (Portugal): The View from mtDNA
Authors: Santos C. , Lima M. , Montiel R. , Angles N. , Pires L. , Abade A. , Aluja Ma. P. 
Published: August 2003

SummaryThe Azores islands (Portugal), uninhabited when discovered by Portuguese navigators in the fifteenth century, are located in the Atlantic Ocean 1500 km from the European mainland. The archipelago is formed by nine islands of volcanic origin that define three geographical groups: Eastern (S. Miguel and Sta. Maria), Central (Terceira, Faial, Pico, Graciosa and S. Jorge) and Western (Flores and Corvo). To improve the genetic characterisation of the Azorean population, and to clarify some aspects related to the history of settlement, a study of mtDNA was conducted in the population of the archipelago. The HVRI region was sequenced and specific RFLPs were screened in 146 samples obtained from unrelated individuals with Azorean ancestry (50 from the Eastern group, 60 from the Central group, and 37 from the Western group). Samples were classified into haplogroups based on the information obtained from both sequencing and RFLP analysis.All the analyses performed support the idea that, in the whole group of islands, the majority of mtDNA lineages originated from the Iberian Peninsula, mainly from Portugal (mainland). However contributions from other European populations, especially from Northern Europe, cannot be disregarded. The values obtained for the various diversity parameters in the Azores archipelago indicate that the Azorean population, as a whole, does not exhibit the typical characteristics of an isolated population. The analysis of genetic data by groups of islands showed that the Western group exhibited particular features. The distribution of haplogroups in the Western group is very atypical, being significantly different from what is observed in the Eastern and Central groups. Furthermore, the diversity values are, in general, lower than those observed in other populations used for comparison. African haplogroups were found in all the groups of islands. Therefore the presence of Moorish and African slaves on the islands, as reported in historical sources, is supported by the mtDNA genetic data, especially in the Eastern group. The presence of Jews in the Central group is also supported by the mtDNA data. Neither historical nor genetic data (phylogeography of mtDNA) supports the idea of a differential settlement history for the Western group; however, it is represented in the phylogenies as an isolated branch. The effect of genetic drift, induced by the reduced population size since peopling occurred, has led to a very atypical distribution of haplogroups/haplotypes in this group of islands.We cannot ignore the influence of biodemographic and genetic processes, namely founder effect, genetic drift, migration, and even recent mutational events in the mtDNA lineages of the Azorean populations. Nevertheless, a great part of the variation in the Azorean mtDNA can be explained by the settlement history.
A Unified Approach to Modelling Linkage to Quantitative and Qualitative Traits
Authors: Houwing‐Duistermaat J. J. , Bijkerk C. , Hsu L. , Stijnen Th. , Slagboom E. P. , Van Duijn C. M. 
Published: August 2003

SummaryFor quantitative traits with a genetic component, random effects approaches are used to test for linkage at observed marker loci. We propose to use these approaches also for binary outcomes observed in sib pairs derived from a population‐based cohort study. In addition to a random effect modelling correlation due to polygenic effect, a random effect is included to model the correlation between siblings due to sharing alleles identical by descent (IBD) at the observed marker locus. A two‐step analysis is proposed. Firstly, score statistics are computed to test whether correlation is present in the data. Secondly, random effects models are fitted, yielding heritability estimates. To illustrate the methods, data on the contribution of the COL2A1 gene to various binary and quantitative outcomes including the presence of Heberden's nodes and bone mineral density (BMD) are analysed. For most of the traits studied, the score statistics were significant, indicating the presence of genetic effects. For BMD and for Heberden's nodes, the variance explained by the marker locus was 44% (P = 0.0008) and 15% (P = 0.38) respectively. We conclude that the score statistics can be used as a preliminary data analysis. In more sophisticated analysis, heritabilities can be estimated by fitting random effects models.