bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creatine transporter and mitochondrial creatine kinase protein content in myopathies
Authors: Tarnopolsky M.A. , Parshad A. , Walzel B. , Schlattner U. , Wallimann T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTotal creatine or phosphocreatine, or both, are reduced in the skeletal muscle of patients with inflammatory myopathy, mitochondrial myopathy, and muscular dystrophy/congenital myopathy. We used Western blotting techniques to measure skeletal muscle creatine transporter protein and sarcomeric mitochondrial creatine kinase (mtCK) protein content in patients with inflammatory myopathy (N = 8), mitochondrial myopathy (N = 5), muscular dystrophy (N = 7), and congenital myopathy (N = 3), as compared to a control group without a neuromuscular diagnosis (N = 8). Creatine transporter protein content was lower for all groups compared to control subjects (P < 0.05; P < 0.01 for congenital myopathy). Mitochondrial CK (mtCK) was lower for inflammatory myopathy (P < 0.05), higher for mitochondrial myopathy (P < 0.05), not different for muscular dystrophy, and markedly lower for the congenital myopathy group (P < 0.01), compared to control subjects. Together, these data suggest that the reduction in total creatine or phosphocreatine in patients with certain myopathies is correlated with creatine transporter and not mtCK protein content. This further supports the belief that creatine monohydrate supplementation may benefit patients with low muscle creatine stores, although the reduction in creatine transporter protein may have implications for dosing. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 682–688, 2001
MRI of the brachial plexus in polyneuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy
Authors: Eurelings Marijke , Notermans Nicolette C. , Franssen Hessel , Van Es H. Wouter , Ramos Lino M.P. , Wokke John H.J. , Van Den Berg Leonard H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOn magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brachial plexus increased signal intensity and swelling of the brachial plexus has been found in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Whether these proximal abnormalities are also present in the distal polyneuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy is unknown. Therefore, we performed MR imaging of the brachial plexus in 21 patients with polyneuropathy associated with IgM monoclonal gammopathy (11 IgM with anti‐MAG antibodies, 10 IgM without anti‐MAG antibodies). For comparison we studied 9 patients with polyneuropathy associated with IgG monoclonal gammopathy and 8 patients with CIDP. Among the 30 patients with monoclonal gammopathy, 24 patients had demyelinating polyneuropathy. Among these 24 patients, there was increased signal intensity of the brachial plexus on the T2‐weighted images regardless of whether clinical deficits were generalized or purely distal in location. No association was found with the isotype of the monoclonal gammopathy. Of the 8 patients with CIDP, 5 had brachial plexus abnormalities. None of the 6 patients with axonal polyneuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy had such abnormalities. Thus, MR imaging of the brachial plexus shows that the distal demyelinating polyneuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy is more generalized than presumed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1312–1318, 2001
Comparative study of pressure‐flow parameters
Authors: Eri Lars M. , Wessel Nicolai , Tysland Ole , Berge Viktor 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMethods for quantification of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) are still controversial. Parameters such as detrusor opening pressure (pdet.open), maximum detrusor pressure (pdet.max), minimum voiding pressure (pdet.min.void), and detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate (Pdet.Qmax) separate obstructed from nonobstructed patients to some extent, but two nomograms, the Abrams‐Griffiths nomogram and the linearized passive urethral resistance relation (LinPURR), are more accepted for this purpose, along with the urethral resistance algorithm. In this retrospective, methodologic study, we evaluated the properties of these parameters with regard to test‐retest reproducibility and ability to detect a moderate (pharmacologic) and a pronounced (surgical) relief of bladder outlet obstruction. We studied the pressure‐flow charts of 42 patients who underwent 24 weeks of androgen suppressive therapy, 42 corresponding patients who received placebo, and 30 patients who had prostate surgery. The patients performed repeat void pressure‐flow examinations before and after treatment or placebo. The various parameters were compared. Among the bladder pressure parameters, Pdet.Qmax seemed to have some advantages, supporting the belief that it is the most relevant detrusor pressure parameter to include in nomograms to quantify BOO. In assessment of a large decrease in urethral resistance, such as after TURp, resistance parameters that are based on maximum flow rate as well as detrusor pressure are preferable. Neurourol. Urodynam. 21:186–193, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computational structural mechanics
Authors: Mang H. A. , Hellmich Ch. , Lackner R. , Pichler B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe three topics selected for this paper are taken from structural engineering with special emphasis on civil engineering. The tool for numerical solutions of the respective engineering problems is the finite element method. The first topic is structural stability. From a design‐orientated viewpoint, it is frequently not necessary to perform a fully non‐linear analysis to obtain stability limits on non‐linear load–displacement paths. Instead, linear eigenvalue problems may be used to compute estimates of such limits. Based on the consistent linearization of the criterion for stability limits on non‐linear load–displacement paths, higher‐order estimation functions can be calculated. The order of the errors resulting from such estimates is defined in an asymptotic sense. An ab initio criterion for identification of the type of loss of stability is presented. The second topic is adaptive finite element analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) shells. It is based on an error estimator applicable to elasto‐plastic problems accounting for hardening as well as softening material behaviour. Essential features of the developed strategy are multi‐surface plasticity theory for constitutive modelling of concrete, consideration of the steel–concrete interaction and a time‐effective calculation scheme allowing restart of the calculation at the increment at which the prespecified error tolerance was found to be exceeded. Results from adaptive ultimate load analyses of a hyperbolic RC cooling tower subjected to dead load and quasistatic wind load are presented. The third topic is the assessment of safety degrees in shotcrete tunnel shells. A hybrid method combining 3D displacement measurements and thermochemomechanical modelling of shotcrete is presented. The material law for shotcrete is cast in the framework of thermodynamics of reactive porous media. In the course of the mentioned hybrid method, displacement fields obtained from interpolation of values measured at measurement points are prescribed as boundary conditions on the outer surface of the investigated part of the tunnel shell. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical analysis of strain localization in metal powder‐forming processes
Authors: Lewis Roland W. , Khoei Amir R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt is well known that strain localization and indeed displacement discontinuity can arise in materials exhibiting plastic behaviour. Indeed such localization is almost certain to occur if strain softening or non‐associated behaviour exists, though it can be triggered even when ideal plasticity is assumed. This study is concerned mainly with the manner in which the numerical discretization process has to be devised so as to capture the localization phenomenon. In this paper, a method is presented for applying the mixed formulation to study the prediction of localization phenomenon in powder‐forming processes. This study is focused on the performance of mixed u−π triangular elements to study their efficiency in indicating localization for various mesh refinements. An adaptive analysis using element elongation is applied in the modelling of strain localization. The numerical results are obtained for a Von Mises yield criterion applied to a multi‐level component, at the final stage of compaction. It is shown that if a correct approximation is used then both the uniform and non‐uniform mesh refinements will converge to the correct answer and clearly indicate the localization phenomenon. It is also observed that an adaptive analysis using element elongation can be effective in the modelling of such phenomena. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compact ADI method for solving parabolic differential equations
Authors: Dai Weizhong , Nassar Raja 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA compact alternating direction implicit (ADI) method has been developed for solving two‐dimensional parabolic differential equations. In this study, the second‐order derivatives with respect to space are discretized using the high‐order compact finite differences. The Peaceman‐Rachford ADI method is then used for developing a new ADI scheme. It is shown by the discrete Fourier analysis that this new ADI scheme is unconditionally stable. The method can be generalized to the three‐dimensional case and an unconditionally stable compact Douglas ADI scheme is obtained. The method is illustrated by numerical examples. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 18: 129–142, 2002; DOI 10.1002/num.1037
Determination of the triterpenoid, betulinic acid, in Doliocarpus schottianus by HPLC
Authors: Oliveira Brás H. de , Santos Cid A. M. , Espíndola Ana Paula D. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe isolation, detection and quantification of betulinic acid in Doliocarpus schottianus are described. The isolation from the plant extract was made by column chromatography and centrifugal TLC, and betulinic acid was characterized by spectrometric methods. The detection and quantification were made by HPLC using a C18 column eluted with acetonitrile:water and detected at 210 nm. The results showed that the metabolite accumulates in the bark of the plant, but very small concentrations were also found in the leaves and wood. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyperechogenic fetal bowel and Down syndrome. Results of a French collaborative study based on 680 prospective cases
Authors: Simon‐Bouy Brigitte , Muller Françoise ,   the French Collaborative Group
Published: August 2002

AbstractHyperechogenic fetal bowel is prenatally detected by ultrasound during the second trimester of pregnancy in 0.1% to 1.8% of foetuses. It has been described as a normal variant and has often been associated with severe diseases, notably Down syndrome. The aim of the present study was to determine the risk of trisomy 21 in a prospective study of 680 fetuses with hyperechogenic foetal bowel.Karyotyping was performed on amniotic cells in 632 cases, and outcome was known in 655 cases.A 2.5% risk of Down syndrome and a 1% risk of other severe chromosomal anomalies were observed. Hyperechogenicity was isolated in 11/17 Down syndrome cases, and associated with other ultrasound anomalies in all seven cases of severe chromosomal anomalies. In conclusion, fetal bowel hyperechogenicity indicates a risk of chromosomal anomalies ten‐fold higher than that expected on the basis of maternal age, therefore justifying invasive procedures. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sonography of fetal cerebrospinal anomalies
Authors: Pilu Gianluigi , Hobbins John C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCongenital anomalies of the central nervous system (CNS) are among the most frequent malformations. Current ultrasound equipment can give a precise diagnosis of many of these lesions from early gestation. High‐resolution transvaginal probes play a major role both in allowing an early diagnosis and for better defining subtle details of both normal and abnormal cerebral anatomy. The diagnostic accuracy of prenatal ultrasound is, however, heavily dependent upon the expertise of the sonologist, the type of equipment employed, and the time dedicated to the scan. Fetal sonography is effective in identifying neural tube defects, although alpha‐fetoprotein screening seems to give a greater sensitivity. The accuracy of ultrasound in the identification of CNS malformations other than neural tube defects remains unclear because of the ascertainment biases of the few large prospective studies that have been conducted to date. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low temperature thermal degradation of cellulosic insulating paper in air and transformer oil
Authors: Soares Sandra , Ricardo Nágila M P S , Heatley Frank , Rodrigues Edison 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe thermal degradation of cellulose in the form of Kraft insulating paper has been studied in air for up to 140 h and in transformer oil for up to 3500 h in the temperature range 60–120 °C using measurements of the degree of polymerization (DP) and (in oil) analysis of furanic degradation products. Degradation was faster in air than in oil. The DP decreased from the original value of 1.2 × 103 to a limiting value in the range of 300–900 depending on temperature and degradation conditions. The variation of the DP with degradation time was consistent with two mechanisms, one in which the first‐order rate constant decreased exponentially with time, and another in which only a limited number of chain bonds were scissionable. The degradation rate was first order in scissionable bonds. The major furanic degradation products were 2‐furaldehyde, 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furaldehyde and furfuryl alcohol. Their concentrations continually increased over the timescale of the experiments.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and characterization of a novel oligosiloxane containing alternative ladderlike structure via charge‐transfer interaction
Authors: Yuan Quan , Ji Shengxiang , Zhang Rongben , He Chaobin , Chung Neal Taishung 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel oligosiloxane containing alternative ladderlike structure involving viologen groups has been prepared via donor–acceptor interaction‐assisted template polymerization. The monomer used as the electron‐donor component, N,N ′‐bis(3‐methyldimethoxyl‐silylpropyl)‐4,4′‐bipyridinium dihexafluorophosphate and its precursor, N,N ′‐bis(3‐methyldimethoxyl‐silylpropyl)‐4,4′‐bipyridinium dibromide were first synthesized successfully in high yield. This oligosiloxane, which displays interesting electrochromic properties, has been characterized by FTIR, UV–vis, 1H NMR, 29Si NMR, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and vapour pressure osmometry (VPO).© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Free radical copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and allyl acetate Part 2 structure and properties
Authors: Hendrana Sunit , Hill David J T , Perera M C Senake , Pomery Peter J 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe structure of the product from the free radical bulk copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and allyl acetate (AAc) was investigated. The mole fraction of AAc plays an important role in the copolymerization of these two monomers. Molecular weight (MW) and molecular weight distribution (MWD) are completely altered when the feed composition is dominantly AAc. NMR spectroscopy confirmed the incorporation of AAc into the polymer. However, no allyl–allyl linkages were observed at low conversions. Tg was found to be affected by the incorporation of AAc into the polymer.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Radiation crosslinking of poly(vinyl chloride)/epoxidized natural rubber blend: effect of lead stabilization of the poly(vinyl chloride) phase
Authors: Ratnam Chantara Thevy 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe irradiation crosslinking of 50/50 poly(vinyl chloride)/epoxidized natural rubber blend was investigated in the presence of 1–5 parts per hundred resin (phr) tribasic lead sulfate (TBLS) with blends prepared at various mixing temperatures. The blends were irradiated using a 3.0 MeV electron accelerator at 0, 100 and 200 kGy irradiation doses. Changes in tensile strength, elongation at break and stress‐strain curves of the blends with the increase TBLS content and blending temperatures were observed before and after irradiation. The results on the tensile properties revealed the inhibition of the irradiation‐induced crosslinking by the TBLS although it stabilizes the blend against thermal and irradiation‐induced degradation. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies further confirmed these observations. Control on the thermal degradation of the blend during blending found to be crucial in achieving maximum enhancement in blend properties upon irradiation. Evidence from dynamic mechanical analysis was also used to support this contention. Addition of 2 phr TBLS and blending at 150 °C found to be adequate in order to achieve the best enhancement in blend properties through irradiation‐induced crosslinking.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of new polyesters with chelating subunits by solution and interfacial polycondensation
Authors: Ismail M , Mhenni F , Gallo R , Périchaud A 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNew polyesters have been prepared by solution and interfacial polycondensation of acid chlorides obtained from bis‐α,ω‐polymethylene‐[(2‐methoxy)phenoxy]acetic acids, acid‐ether siderophores AE
n (n being the number of methylene units), and diols including bisphenol A, ethylene glycol and propanediol. For interfacial polycondensation, average molecular weights range from 1000 to 4500 g mol−1; at higher temperature the molecular weights increase but the yield is smaller. Differential scanning calorimetry shows Tg ranging from −5 to + 110 °C. Polyesters are crystalline with n  = 6 and amorphous with n  = 2 and 4; in addition, increasing n in AE
n increases molecular weights and Tg values. In solution polycondensation, the average molecular weights are around 3000 g mol−1 and Tg is low.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Catalysts for the diffusion of photovoltaics — A review of selected programmes
Authors: Berger Wolfgang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe diffusion of photovoltaics still rests strongly on the availability of suitable support programmes. This suggests a closer look at their function as a catalyst for the spread of the technology. The paper defines this function, gives hints for the programme design, and identifies six different variables of a catalyst. These are then related to concrete programmes in Germany and Switzerland, the two countries showing the highest diffusion of photovoltaics in Europe. The analysis embraces the ‘1000 Roofs Programme’, ‘rate‐based incentives’, ‘utility programmes’ and ‘large scale photovoltaic programmes’. In spanning the last decade the study provides a historic perspective unfolding from the past to the present. A variety of programmes are compared so as to determine their effect on the actual installation of photovoltaics. The paper elucidates some of the inner structure of programmes and portrays their changing landscape and approaches in space and time. Thus, it may serve as a decision aid for the design of future programmes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multifaceted functional behavior assessment for students with externalizing behavior disorders
Authors: Olympia Daniel E. , Heathfield Lora Tuesday , Jenson Willieam R. , Clark Elaine 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecent federal mandates have increased interest in the use of functional behavior assessment as a necessary part of initial and ongoing work with students with externalizing behavior disorders. A multifaceted approach to functional behavior assessment provides a comprehensive assessment of both behavioral excesses and deficits commonly found in externalizing behavior disorders and also provides for the linkage of assessment information to educational interventions that can be implemented and monitored in educational settings for students with behavior disorders. The authors, using a variety of empirically derived methods, describe specific components of a multifaceted approach to functional behavior assessment in the context of the widely accepted behavioral excess/deficit model for students with externalizing behavior disorders. Empirically derived and validated methodologies (i.e., indirect data collection and analysis, direct observation and recording of behavior, and use of probes to establish baseline rates and measure impacts of intervention) are described. Technology‐assisted data collection and analysis using computer‐assisted functional behavior assessment interviews and direct observation of behavior using personal digital assistant (PDA) based software are also presented as a means to improve efficiency and reduce time needed to conduct adequate functional behavior assessments. Specific strategies to address academic skill and performance deficits as well as social skills deficiencies in the context of a multifaceted functional behavior assessment are also presented for students with externalizing behavior disorders. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The complexation of peptides by aminocyclodextrins
Authors: Hacket Frank , Simova Svetlana , Schneider Hans‐Jörg 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFour β‐cyclodextrins (CDs) were prepared bearing either an (N,N‐dimethylamino)propylamino group (1), an (N‐methyl)‐piperazino group (2) or a benzylamino group (3), or seven methylamino susbtituents (4). Association constants K in water with di‐ and tripeptides reach up to 200 M
−1, and after protection at the N‐terminus up to 680 M
−1. Appreciable binding occurs only in the presence of lipophilic amino acid side‐chains, with preference for this at the C‐terminus. A moderate sequence and side‐chain selectivity is observed with 1, 2 and 3, but less so with the highly charged 4 where ion pairing dominates. Detailed NMR analyses with advanced techniques including T‐ROESY and GHSQC allow full assigment of most 1H and 13C signals, with extraction of many substituent and complexation induced shifts changes (SIS and CIS values, respectively). The CIS values and NOE cross peaks from ROESY experiments provide for insight into the binding modes of selected complexes, indicating, e.g., the simultaneous presence of complexes with a peptide phenyl unit approaching from both the narrow and the wide side of the CD cavity. With 3 one observes self‐inclusion of the pendant phenyl ring within the cavity, and its replacement by analytes such as peptides, or by adamantanecarboxylic acid. The inclusion modes are illustrated with force field simulated structures and many NMR spectra, which are made available in electronic supplements. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Additional material for this paper is available from the epoc website at http://www.wiley.com/epoc: (NMR shift tables; 3D coordinates for molecular structures; 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectra)
Synthesis of phosphate end‐functional polymers and application to thermally latent polymeric initiators
Authors: Kim Moon Suk , Sanda Fumio , Endo Takeshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNovel phosphates, O‐p‐(hydroxymethyl)benzyl O,O‐diethyl phosphate (1) and O‐(2‐bromoisobutyryloxymethyl)benzyl O,O‐diethyl phosphate (2) were synthesized by the reaction of diethyl phosphorochloridate with 1,4‐benzenedimethanol and the successive reaction with 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide in the presence of triethylamine and submitted to the polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone and methyl methacrylate as the initiators. They afforded phosphate end‐functional poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) and poly(methyl methacrylate) with controlled molecular weights and polydispersity ratios by living ring‐opening polymerization and samarium‐induced polymerization. The polymerization of glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) was carried out with the phosphate end‐functional polymers as the latent polymeric initiators in the presence of ZnCl2. The polymerization of GPE did not proceed below 90 °C, but it rapidly proceeded to afford poly(GPE) above the temperature. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 3832–3840, 2001