bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with unindicated discontinuation of long-acting reversible contraceptives among refugee women in Rhino Camp and Kyangwali refugee settlements, Uganda
Authors: Kirima Andrew , Tuhebwe Doreen , Bukenya Justine N. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:
Unindicated discontinuation of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) poses a growing concern among refugee women residing in Rhino Camp and Kyangwali refugee settlements. This practice is closely linked with unintended pregnancies, short birth intervals, unsafe abortions, and maternal mortality. This study assessed the level and factors associated with the unindicated discontinuation of LARCs among refugee women in these settlements.
Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2022, involving 284 refugee women. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and key informant interviews. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis and STATA 14, respectively. Prevalence ratios and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals were determined.
Results:
The findings revealed that 90/284 refugee women (32% CI; 22.9%-41.1%) in Rhino camp and Kyangwali refugee settlements had discontinued their LARCs without indication. Notably, users of Implant contraceptives were more prone to discontinuation without a clinical indication. Several factors were associated with unindicated discontinuation, including residing in Rhino camp (adjusted prevalence ratio aPR = = 1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01 - 2.30), having an education level up to primary (Upper) level (aPR= 4.9, 95% CI: 2.35 - 10.19), marital status (never married, (aPR = 1.299, 95% CI: 1.088 - 3.001), South Sudanese origin (aPR = 10.2, 95%CI: 1.51 - 68.45), living with all children in one household (aPR= 4.9, 95% CI: 1.26 – 19.16) and having given birth to only one child (aPR = 3.5, 95CI: 1.19 - 10.08).
Conversely, women who experienced mild side effects (aPR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.12 - 0.48), perceived LARC devices as 100% effective in preventing pregnancy (aPR = 0.02, 95%CI: 0.00 - 0.24), lived with their partners (aPR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.18 - 0.78) and had the support of their spouses in using LARC devices (aPR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.19 - 0.94) exhibited a lower prevalence of unindicated LARC discontinuation. Additionally, health workers identified domestic violence and fear of side effects as underlying causes of unindicated LARC discontinuation.
Conclusions and Recommendations:
This study highlights the common occurrence of unindicated LARC discontinuation among refugee women in Rhino camp and Kyangwali refugee settlements, with a higher prevalence in Rhino camp. To address this issue, we recommend implementing comprehensive pre-insertion counselling, particularly for implant users, and launching extensive behavioural change initiatives to combat negative cultural practices, particularly among refugee women from patriarchal communities.
Fostering biodiversity in Neotropical savannahs: fire as a diversity driver for fruit-feeding butterfly assemblages in the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Freire Geraldo de Brito , Elias-Paiva André , Ribeiro Danilo Bandini , Araujo Raquel , Sudta Chantchanok , Oliveira Hernani , Domingos Fabrícius , Escarlate-Tavares Fabrício 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Fire has significantly shaped the dynamics of Brazilian Cerrado fauna and flora, but the interference of human activities and climate change has disrupted the natural fire regime, imperiling multiple animal and plant populations. Our study, performed at Reserva Ecológica do Roncador (RECOR) in Brasília-Brazil, examined the influence of fire frequency and post-fire intervals on diversity patterns of fruit-feeding butterflies in savannah woodlands. We sampled 1012 individuals from 16 butterfly species, in which Biblidinae and Charaxinae were the most representative clades. Sites with higher fire frequency and shorter post-fire intervals exhibited greater taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity compared to sites with longer intervals. Sites with longer post-fire intervals were primarily dominated by Biblidinae, whereas charaxines and satyrines mostly occurred in sites with shorter post-fire intervals. Species with wing eyespots and temporal restrictions thrived in sites with recent fires. These findings emphasize fire's pivotal role in maintaining open vegetation, crucial for conserving butterfly assemblages, particularly charaxines and satyrines. Importantly, fire suppression leads to fuel accumulation, elevating the risk of severe wildfires in the Cerrado. In conclusion, our results underscore the adverse impact of a zero-fire policy on insect communities, including fruit-feeding butterflies, within this unique ecosystem.
Atmospheric isoprene measurements reveal larger-than-expected Southern Ocean emissions
Authors: Ferracci Valerio , Weber James , Bolas Conor , Robinson Andrew , Tummon Fiona , Rodríguez-Ros Pablo , Cortés Pau , Baccarini Andrea , Jones Rod , Galí Martí , Simó Rafel , Schmale Julia , Harris Neil 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Isoprene is a key trace component of the atmosphere emitted by vegetation and other organisms. It is highly reactive and can impact atmospheric composition and climate by affecting the greenhouse gases ozone and methane and secondary organic aerosol formation. Marine emissions are poorly constrained due to the paucity of long-term measurements: this in turn limits our understanding of isoprene cycling in the ocean. Here we present the analysis of isoprene concentrations in the atmosphere measured across the Southern Ocean over 4 months in the summertime. The highest concentrations originated from the marginal ice zone (MIZ) in the Ross and Amundsen seas, indicating the MIZ is a significant source of isoprene at high latitudes. Using the global chemistry-climate model UKESM1 we show that current estimates of sea-to-air isoprene fluxes underestimate observed isoprene by a factor > 20. A daytime source of isoprene is required to reconcile models with observations. Increased isoprene emissions would lead to > 8% decrease in the hydroxyl radical in regions of the Southern Ocean, with implications for our understanding of atmospheric oxidation and composition in remote environments, often used as proxies for the pre-industrial atmosphere.
Peatlands have the potential to emerge as significant contributors to future climate warming
Authors: Chaudhary Nitin , Tuovinen Juha-Pekka , Kou Dan , Burman Pramit Kumar Deb , Lodh Abhishek , Lamba Shubhangi , Shurpali Narasinha , Schurgers Guy , Page Susan , Westermann Sebastian , Zhang Wenxin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Peatlands are huge reservoirs of carbon in the terrestrial ecosystem. They are both long-term sinks of organic carbon and a major natural source of atmospheric methane. These carbon-rich ecosystems are at risk of losing their carbon sink capacity and becoming a huge source of carbon dioxide and methane due to ongoing warming. In this study, we examined the past and future trends of peatland carbon and methane fluxes and their influence on the climate system. We found that peatlands > 25 °N will remain a carbon sink and methane source under a low-warming scenario (RCP2.6) but they would shift from being not only a source of methane but also of carbon dioxide under a high-warming scenario (RCP8.5) by the mid-21st century leading to a strong radiative forcing (0.25 W m-2) by the end of the 23rd century. This underlines the potential warming feedback in which peatland radiative forcing on the climate system would shift from negative to positive in the future.
Chorea-echinocytosis caused by two novel compound heterozygous mutations in the VPS13A gene: a case report and literature review
Authors: Li Ruozhao , Wang Qiang , Li Haiwen , Liu Yunquan , Zhao Yuanqi , Xu Haoyou 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc) is a rare neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the VPS13A gene (vacuolar proteinsorting protein 13). Here we report a case of ChAc caused by two new compound heterozygous mutation in the VPS13A. A 36-year-old female presented with orolingual dystonia, dysarthria and mental symptom. A diagnosis of ChAc was established based on typical clinical symptoms, neuroimaging features, acanthocytosis in the peripheral blood smears. Then, whole-exome sequencing of the proband family members determined two novel mutations in VPS13A, including c.4242 + 1G > T (exon36, NM_033305) and c.9270_9274dupCAGAC (exon36, NM_033305). Two novel compound heterozygous mutations in VPS13A cause ChAc, which deepens current understanding about the pathogenesis of ChAC.
Significance of RNA N6-methyladenosine modulators and immune infiltration in the diagnosis and subtyping of ischemic stroke
Authors: Gao Zhijie , Wang Yuedong , Lu Hongji , Wang Lixin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
RNA N6-methyladenosine (M6A) regulators play an important part in a variety of cellular physiological and pathological processes. However, the part of m6A modulators in ischemic stroke remains unclear.Six important m6A regulators were selected from the gene expression repertoire GSE22255, GSE16561 and GSE37587 datasets by differential gene expression analysis between healthy people and ischemic stroke patients.A two models were constructed, and the RF model was used to screen six significant m6A regulators (Methyltransferase-like 3, Leucine Rich Pentatricopeptide Repeat Containing, Cbl Proto-Oncogene Like 1, Wilm's tumor 1 -associated protein, ELAV Like RNA Binding Protein 1 and AlkB Homolog 5, RNA Demethylase) to predict the risk of ischemic stroke.Based on 6 candidate M6A modulators, a nomogram model was established to analyze the clinical benefit of ischemic patients.Using consensus clustering, ischemic stroke patients were separated among m6A-cluster subtypes (cluster A and cluster B) based on selected significant m6A regulators. A PCA algorithm was applied to compute m6A scores for each sample to quantify m6A-cluster subtypes.The m6A scores of ischemic stroke patients in group B were lower than those in group A.At the same time, this research also found that ischemic stroke patients with low gene expression of ALKBH5, ELAVL1, LRPPRC and METTL3 improved immune cell infiltration, and ischemic stroke patients with high gene expression of CBLL1 and WTAP improved immune cell infiltration.In conclusion, m6A regulators play an important part in the disease process of ischemic stroke. The study of m6A-cluster subtypes is beneficial to direct future immunotherapy tactics for ischemic stroke.
A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study Revealed Genetic Evidence of Breast Cancer as a Risk Factor for Meningioma
Authors: Zhou Yao , Gong Jie , Deng Xianguang , Shen Lele , Wu Shiting , Fan Hongqiao , Liu Lifang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Although preceding observational research mentioned a potential connection between meningioma and breast cancer, verifying an unambiguous causal relationship has turned out problematic. Aiming to determine if breast cancer and the risk of meningioma intersect, we utilized a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis in this study. Besides, we investigated the influence of various estrogen receptor (ER) phenotypes on that association.
Methods
Breast cancer data from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) coupled with meningioma data from the FinnGen cohort were adopted in our investigation. Total participants of European descent were divided into four groups: 228,951 individuals (122,977 cases of breast cancer and 105,974 controls), 175,475 individuals (69,501 cases of ER-positive breast cancer and 105,974 controls), 127,442 individuals (21,468 cases of ER-negative breast cancer and 105,974 controls), and 287,614 individuals (1.237 cases of meningioma and 286,377 controls). The MR research, which utilized the power of the inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median (WM), and MR-Egger means, used tightly opted instrumental SNPs that were profoundly connected with exposure.
Results
According to the results of our forward MR study, there was a significant causal correlation between total breast cancer on meningioma (MR-Egger: OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.05–1.90, P = 0.022; WM: OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.02–1.50, P = 0.0248; IVW: OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.05–1.4, P = 0.0075). Furthermore, there was a probable causative relationship among ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer on meningioma (IVW: OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03–1.30, P = 0.014), whereas no apparent connection between ER-negative breast cancer on meningioma emerged. Meningioma had little impact on the risk of breast cancer and breast cancer with different ER states, as shown to the inverse MR analysis drawing on the IVW, MR-Egger, and WM tests.
Conclusion
Following what comes of our forward MR investigation, there existed an unambiguous connection between the breast cancer in the population of European descent on meningioma. Likewise, we uncovered a potential combination referring to a causative relationship among ER + breast cancer on meningioma. However, there was no confirmation that suffering ER-breast cancer increases the possibility to grow meningioma. Furthermore, there was no causal relationship between overall breast cancer and breast cancer with different ER status on meningioma by our reverse MR examination.
Apomorphine is a potent inhibitor of ferroptosis independent of dopaminergic receptors
Authors: Miyauchi Akihiko , Watanabe Chika , Yamada Naoya , Jimbo Eriko F. , Kobayashi Mizuki , Ohishi Natsumi , Nagayoshi Atsuko , Aoki Shiho , Kishita Yoshihito , Ohtake Akira , Ohno Nobuhiko , Takahashi Masafumi , Yamagata Takanori , Osaka Hitoshi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Originally, apomorphine was a broad-spectrum dopamine agonist with an affinity for all subtypes of the Dopamine D1 receptor to the D5 receptor. We previously identified apomorphine as a potential therapeutic agent for mitochondrial diseases by screening a chemical library of fibroblasts from patients with mitochondrial diseases. In this study, we showed that apomorphine prevented ferroptosis in fibroblasts from various types of mitochondrial diseases as well as in normal controls. Well-known biomarkers of ferroptosis include protein markers such as prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), a key gene for ferroptosis-related inflammation PTGS2, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species. Our findings that apomorphine induced significant downregulation of Ptgs2, and suppressed lipid peroxide to the same extent as other inhibitors of ferroptosis also indicate that apomorphine suppresses ferroptosis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report that the anti-ferroptosis effect of apomorphine is not related to dopamine receptor agonist action and that apomorphine is a potent inhibitor of ferroptotic cell death independent of dopaminergic receptors.
Lung transplant list withdrawal in a liver transplant patient thanks to elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor: a case report
Authors: Traunero Arianna , Galletti Anna , Ghirardo Sergio , Barbi Egidio , Maschio Massimo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background Elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ETI) is a transmembrane conductance regulator modulator that significantly improves lung function in patients affected by cystic fibrosis (CF). This triple drug is currently not indicated in liver transplant patients, as clinical trials including subjects with previous solid organ transplantation are lacking.Case presentation We report on a liver transplant girl with CF-related advanced pulmonary disease meeting clinical criteria for lung transplant, who started the triple modulator because she could not get on the lung transplant waiting list due to psycho-social motivations. Since initiation of ETI therapy, she has experienced a significant improvement in respiratory function and quality of life, without adverse effects.Conclusions This case shows that ETI therapy can represent a lifesaving drug for individuals without alternatives, even in liver transplant patients. The clinical benefits of the modulator overcome risks, which may be limited with a close drug monitoring of immunosuppressants serum levels and functional liver tests.
Facilitators and Barriers to Asylum Seeker and Refugee Oral Health Care Access: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Wainman Nathan , Phillips Olivia , Morling Jo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objectives: Asylum Seekers and refugees (ASRs) encounter barriers when accessing oral health care (OHC). A qualitative systematic review was conducted to understand the perceptions, attitudes, behaviours, and experiences of ASRs regarding their OHC. Themes were extracted to identify the barriers and facilitators ASRs face when accessing OHC.
Data sources: PubMed, APA PsycInfo, Cochrane database, Web of science, and CINAHL were searched on the 4th and 5th of October 2022
Data selection: Primary studies including ASRs of any age or nationality were included. Qualitative data of ASRs lived experiences of Oral Health (OH) and accessing OHC were extracted. The CASP quality appraisal tool was used to assess methodological quality.
Data synthesis: Data findings were extracted by hand and then meta-aggregation was performed using inductive reasoning. 13 primary qualitative studies were included. Three barriers to care were identified including difficulty accessing treatments and appointments, cultural and language changes, and ASRs lack of OHC knowledge or incongruous beliefs surrounding OH. Good OHC was facilitated by good OH education, social influence and support from care providers or government.
Conclusions: Caregivers and governments should adapt current policy to facilitate access to OHC, educate ASRs on OH and offer support to fund access and maintenance of good oral health. More research is needed to understand the barriers and facilitators to OHC for other people groups who experience health inequalities.
Improving nutritional status after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: results of phase 2 ALLONUT clinical trial
Authors: Cluzeau Thomas , Estran Sophie , Loschi Michael , Benachour Sami , Soldati Alizee , Chiche Edmond , Sammut Rinzine , Robert Guillaume , Jacquel Arnaud , Chibois Jacques , Schneider Stephane 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Malnutrition increases the risk of non-relapse mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT). Here are the results of the ALLONUT clinical trial designed to improve the nutritional outcome of patients receiving aHSCT
Methods
ALLONUT is a prospective open label phase 2 clinical trial assessing the efficacy of a close tailored nutritional support and management with traditional and original solutions to improve patients nutritional status following aHSCT. Nutritional status evaluation was performed before transplantation, at Day 0, 30, 100 and one year after transplantation.
Results
The study involved 70 patients treated by aHSCT. 10% of patients were moderately or severely malnutrition at baseline and 26.9 were severely malnutrition at D30. Patients' nutritional status improved thanks to the cooking classes and the personalized outpatient nutrition program. At D100, 23% were still malnutrition, while only 10.8% were severely malnutrition one year after transplantation. The QLQ-C30 show that quality of life (QoL) decreased until D30, and improve to reach the pre-transplant level on D100 before exceeding it on D360
Conclusions
Our study confirmed that a close, personalized nutritional program combining traditional and original measures can improve both nutritional status and QoL for patients suffering from moderate or severe malnutrition after aHCST
Combining X-ray Nano-CT and XANES Techniques for 3D Operando Monitoring of Lithiation
Spatial Composition evolution in NMC Electrode
Authors: Demortiere arnaud , Nguyen Tuan-Tu , Xu Jiahui , Su Zeliang , De Andrade Vincent , Franco Alejandro , Delobel Bruno , Delacourt Charles 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this study, we present a well-defined methodology for conducting Operando X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) in conjunction with transmission X-ray nano computed tomography (TXM-nanoCT) experiments on the LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC) cathode electrode. To minimize radiation-induced damage to the sample during charge and discharge cycles and to gain a comprehensive 3D perspective of the (de)lithiation process of the active material, we propose a novel approach that relies on employing only three energy levels, strategically positioned at pre-edge, edge, and post-edge. By adopting this technique, we successfully track the various (de)lithiation states within the three-dimensional space during partial cycling. Furthermore, we are able to extract the nanoscale lithium distribution within individual secondary particles. Our observations reveal the formation of a core-shell structure during lithiation and we also identify that not all surface areas of the particles exhibit activity during the process. Notably, lithium intercalation exhibits a distinct preference, leading to non-uniform lithiation degrees across different electrode locations. The proposed methodology is not limited to the NMC cathode electrode but can be extended to study realistic dedicated electrodes with high active material (AM) density, facilitating exploration and quantification of heterogeneities and inhomogeneous lithiation within such electrodes. This multi-scale insight into the (de)lithiation process and lithiation heterogeneities within the electrodes is expected to provide valuable knowledge for optimizing electrode design and ultimately enhancing electrode performance in the context of material science and battery materials research.
Engineering students’ challenges and coping strategies in English-medium instruction: a Q methodology study
Authors: Charoenpornsook Vararin , Thumvichit Athip 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Using Q methodology, this study examines the challenges in English-medium instruction (EMI) and corresponding coping strategies among engineering students. The participants included 47 current and former undergraduate engineering students at a Thai university. The findings revealed three factors, each representing a distinct combination of challenges and coping strategies. The first factor represents students who encountered unfamiliar characteristics of instructors, yet they adopted an emotion-focused approach, treating these unfamiliarities as opportunities. The second factor pertains to the complexity of writing tasks due to limited vocabulary and grammar deficiencies, which were addressed by using various learning resources to enhance their writing skills. The third factor highlights the limited opportunities for spoken English communication within the programs, yet students remained positive, acknowledging the overall benefits of their participation. The findings offer valuable insights for the development of EMI engineering programs that cater to the unique needs of students.