bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enabling Pharmaceutical Traceability in The Nigerian Supply Chain using GS1 Global Standards: Lean Traceability Including In-Country Serialization of COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Adeyeye Mojisola , Kayode John , Adeniran Adekunle , Osho Folashade , Udokwelu Walter 
Published: November 2023

Traceability of the pharmaceutical products across a supply chain creates an environment that provides visibility of the product status from plant to patient. The supply chain is the trade journey products make to consumers or retail stores (e.g. pharmacy store, patented drug store, medical store etc.,) via a network of producers, manufacturers, distributors, transporters and vendors taking that product from creation to delivery. Some of the key benefits of introducing traceability in the Nigerian pharmaceutical sector besides securing the supply chain includes an increment in the quality of data to support pharmacovigilance, decrease in the presence of substandard and falsified (SF) medications and ultimately ensuring patient safety. The drug distribution system in Nigeria is largely undefined and there have been in-country efforts to sanitize it. One such effort has produced a national policy document referred to as the Nigeria Pharmaceutical Traceability Strategy which stipulates the plan to achieve supply chain visibility, prevent infiltration of the SFs and strengthen existing regulatory and legal frameworks in Nigeria using GS1 global standards. The National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) and other drug regulatory agencies in Africa jointly signed a Call to Action during the 2nd GS1 African Healthcare Conference held in Lagos, Nigeria on September 16-20, 2019 to demonstrate commitment to pursue pharmaceutical traceability by adopting global supply chain standards. This article focuses on how NAFDAC in collaboration with GS1 Nigeria, National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA) and other partners have implemented traceability as a public sector pilot for the COVID-19 vaccines received in Nigeria from March 2021 to December 2021. This included the serialization of COVID-19 vaccines that were received without serial numbers that uniquely identify the secondary packing of the COVID-19 vaccines. The lessons learned from the pilot would be used to support development and dissemination of tracebility regulation, publish guidelines for traceability implementation, and engage stakeholders meaningfully as Nigeria implements full track and trace of pharmaceutical products.
Sanitary inspection and microbial health risks associated with enteric bacteria in groundwater sources in Ilara-Mokin and Ibule-Soro, Nigeria
Authors: Olalemi Adewale Oluwasogo , Atiba Roseline , Weston Sally , Howard Guy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study set out to determine the sanitary risk scores and microbial health risks associated with wells and boreholes in Ilara-Mokin and Ibule-Soro, Nigeria. Water samples (n = 96) were collected over a period of five months to determine the levels of enteric bacteria and to perform a Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) of drinking water quality. Sanitary risk scores revealed `medium' and `low' overall risks for the wells and boreholes, respectively. Three risk factors (faulty fence; small apron; pollution sources) exhibited high significant (p &lt; 0.01) association with the presence of E. coli and thermotolerant coliforms in water samples from the wells. E. coli and Salmonella ranged from 1.82 to 2.28 and 2.15 to 2.63 log10 CFU/100 ml respectively in water from the wells, but were below detection limit in water from the boreholes. Shigella and Campylobacter were detected in all water samples. Estimated risks of infection associated with Shigella (2.1 × 10−2 to 2.3 × 10−1) were higher than those of Campylobacter (6.7 × 10−2 to 1.9 × 10−1) and Salmonella (1.9×10−3 to 5.6×10−3). Adaption of water safety plans may be advantageous in these settings, since intentional ingestion of water from the wells and boreholes may pose potential risks of diarrheal illness to humans.
Research on the descaling characteristics of a new electrochemical water treatment device
Authors: Wei Yuhang , Wang Dongqiang , Li Gangsheng , Yu Hechun , Dong Xuewu , Jiang Haiqin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

In recent years, chemical water treatment equipment has gained significant attention due to its environmental-friendly features, multifunctionality, and broad applicability. Recognizing the limitations of existing chemical treatment equipment, such as challenges in scale removal and the high water content in scale deposits, we propose a novel drum design for both anode and cathode, enabling simultaneous scale suction and dehydration. We constructed a small experimental platform to validate the equipment's performance based on our model. Notably, under the optimal operating parameters, the hardness removal rate for circulating water falls within the range of 19.6–24.46%. Moreover, the scale accumulation rate per unit area and unit time reaches 13.7 g h−1 m−2. Additionally, the energy consumption per unit weight of the scale remains impressively low at 0.16 kWh g−1. Furthermore, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration decreased from an initial 106.0 mg L−1 to a mere 18.8 mg L−1, resulting in a remarkable total removal rate of 82.26%. In conclusion, our innovative electrochemical water treatment equipment demonstrates exceptional performance in scale removal, organic matter degradation, and water resource conservation, offering valuable insights for future research and development in chemical treatment equipment and electrochemical theory.
Flow structure of the confluence between an open channel and a pipe
Authors: Li Zhiwei , Wang Xuefeng , Wang Feifei , Sun Bin , Chen Shanshan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

It is common that the sewage is discharged into rivers through a municipal drainage network. The hydraulic properties of the confluence between a lateral drainage pipe and a rectangular open channel are investigated using numerical simulation. The simulation results show that the recirculation zone, the separation area, and the secondary flow are highly influenced by the tailgate height and flow rate ratios. Both the recirculation zone and the separation zone enlarge with the increasing flow rate ratios. The recirculation zone also enlarges with the tailgate height within a certain range. It is worth noting that as the tailgate height increases, two vortices rotating in opposite directions at the same level initially merge into a counter-clockwise rotating vortex, and then one vortex splits into three. Ultimately, one of them dissipates and there are two vortices left on a vertical line. The tailgate can reduce the vertical velocity gradient and the streamwise velocity to moderate the erosion of the channel bed caused by the pipe flow inlet.
A Comprehensive Review of the Status and Challenges in the Genesis of
COVID 19 Vaccination Strategies
Authors: Banerjee Munmun , Chadha Sonia , Sanyal Somali , Mukherjee Sayali 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
COVID-19 continues to wreak havoc on the global population. Infection with SARSCoV-
2 can be mild, severe, and even life-threatening. It is associated with cytokine storm, lung and
even heart damage. With no specific treatment available for this contagious disease, induction of
herd immunity through vaccination is being perceived as the only way out through this pandemic.
Throughout the world, research groups and pharmaceutical companies are working independently or
in collaboration to accelerate the process of COVID-19 vaccine development. Different countries
have already started vaccination drives on a large scale to combat the disease. Today, we have a few
approved vaccines, some are conventional, while others are subunit protein or nucleotide vaccines.
This review describes the various vaccination strategies adopted the clinical and preclinical trials in
developing some of the approved COVID-19 vaccines that are being administered around the world.
The review also focuses on the challenges and adverse effects reported post-vaccination. Some of the
proposed therapies for COVID-19 have also been elucidated. The effectiveness and safety of vaccines
towards SARS-CoV-2 new variants suggest that more research in the field needs to be continued
in the future.
Utilization of Telehealth in Kenya During COVID-19
Authors: Wei Calvin R. , Lang'at Godwin C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
The Covid-19 pandemic caused significant disruptions to healthcare systems across the
world, with rising cases of coronavirus infections leading to reduced hospital visits. The IPC interventions
implemented by governments, such as restrictions of movements, curfews, school closures,
and limited social gatherings, also impacted the provision of medical services in hospitals. In the
Kenyan case, medical facilities and non-profit organizations became innovative and utilized telehealth
to conduct patient consultations, perform diagnostic procedures, and provide treatment using
ICT tools.
Development and Validation of Machine Learning–Based Models to Predict In-Hospital Mortality in Life-Threatening Ventricular Arrhythmias: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Le , Ding Ligang , Zhang Zhuxin , Zhou Likun , Zhang Zhenhao , Xiong Yulong , Hu Zhao , Yao Yan 
Published: November 2023

Background
Life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias (LTVAs) are main causes of sudden cardiac arrest and are highly associated with an increased risk of mortality. A prediction model that enables early identification of the high-risk individuals is still lacking.

Objective
We aimed to build machine learning (ML)–based models to predict in-hospital mortality in patients with LTVA.

Methods
A total of 3140 patients with LTVA were randomly divided into training (n=2512, 80%) and internal validation (n=628, 20%) sets. Moreover, data of 2851 patients from another database were collected as the external validation set. The primary output was the probability of in-hospital mortality. The discriminatory ability was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The prediction performances of 5 ML algorithms were compared with 2 conventional scoring systems, namely, the simplified acute physiology score (SAPS-II) and the logistic organ dysfunction system (LODS).

Results
The prediction performance of the 5 ML algorithms significantly outperformed the traditional models in predicting in-hospital mortality. CatBoost showed the highest AUC of 90.5% (95% CI 87.5%-93.5%), followed by LightGBM with an AUC of 90.1% (95% CI 86.8%-93.4%). Conversely, the predictive values of SAPS-II and LODS were unsatisfactory, with AUCs of 78.0% (95% CI 71.7%-84.3%) and 74.9% (95% CI 67.2%-82.6%), respectively. The superiority of ML-based models was also shown in the external validation set.

Conclusions
ML-based models could improve the predictive values of in-hospital mortality prediction for patients with LTVA compared with traditional scoring systems.
Early-stage periodontal ligament compression predicts orthodontically induced root resorption in rats
Authors: Nakamura Takuya , Hotokezaka Yuka , Karadeniz Carmen , Hotokezaka Hitoshi , Ueda-Ichinose Yuika , Nishioka-Sakamoto Kie , Yoshida Noriaki 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To determine the effect of orthodontic pressure on periodontal ligament (PDL) compression in rats and assess correlation between PDL compression and orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR).

Materials and Methods
Eight female Wistar rats aged 10 weeks underwent surgery to place 2 mini-screws at the center of the palatal plate. 25 cN coil springs connecting the maxillary first molars and mini-screws were applied bilaterally to generate mesial force. Maxillary first molars were assigned to undergo either bodily or tipping movements. Micro-computed tomography (μCT) scans were taken on days 0, 3, 7, and 14, and histological sections were taken on day 14. OIRR was measured from histological sections, and the corresponding PDL compression ratio was quantified using μCT images.

Results
The PDL was compressed by approximately 76% in tipping movement and 55% in bodily movement after 3 days, and by approximately 47% in bodily and tipping movements after 7 days of orthodontic force application. The extent of OIRR in tipping movement was significantly greater than that in bodily movement. A strong positive correlation between OIRR and PDL compression ratio was observed on day 3; however, no correlation was observed on day 7.

Conclusions
A strong correlation between PDL compression ratio and OIRR was observed at an early stage after the application of orthodontic force regardless of the tooth movement type (bodily or tipping), implying the importance of early stage PDL compression in the induction of OIRR.
PENGARUH KEGIATAN BERCOCOK TANAM MELALUI MEDIA HIDROPONIK TERHADAP KECERDASAN NATURALIS KELOMPOK B1 DI TK DHARMAWANITA MENDALO DARAT
Authors: Ningrum Mega Setiya , Sofyan Hendra , Harianja Sri Indriani 
Published: November 2023

Penelitin ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kegiatan bercocok tanam melalui media hidroponik terhadap kecerdasan naturalis kelompok B1 di TK Dharma Wanita mendalo Darat. Subjek pada penelitian ini merupakan siswa pada kelompok B1 dengan jumlah 12 sampel. Jenis penelitian eksperimen dengan desain penelitian one group pretest and post test desaign digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Sampel penelitian ini diambil menggunakan teknik sample cluster sampling, pengumpulan data menggunakan instrument penelitian, sedangkan analisis data menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan uji normalitas (liliefors), dan uji hipotesis (uji T dengan paired samples test) menggunakan software SPSS. Kegiatan bercocok tanam melalui media hidroponik yang dilakukan yaitu mengajak anak melakukan kegiatan menanan, merawat, sehingga anak dapat mengetahui proses pertumbuhan dan kebutuhan pada tanaman guna mengetahui pengaruh kegiatan bercocok tanam melalui media hidroponik,. Instrument yang digunakan merupakan indrikator kecerdasan naturalis menurut prasetyo yang dikembangkan sesuai dengan kegiatan yang dilaksanakan. Instrument penelitian yang digunakan divalidasi terlebih dahulu oleh validator untuk mengetahui kevalidan instrument. Hasil penelitian menunjukan mean pre-test 31,33, dan post-test 67,25 . Dilakukan uji hipotesis menggunakan uji T test dan didapati nilai n -34,7292,201 yang artinya terdapat peningkatan pada nilai rata-rata setelah dibandingkan (nilai pre-test nilai post-test). Hasil analisis data dari uji hipotesis menunjukan nilai 0,0000,05 (dengan taraf yang dipercara 95% ) dan hasil akhir pada penelitian ini melahirkan kesimpulan bahwasanya Ha diterim dan Ho ditolak, dengan keterangan keterangan bahwa kegiatan bercocok tanam melalui media hidroponik berpengaruh terhadap kelompok B1 di tk dharma wanita mendalo darat.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK HALUS ANAK USIA DINI DENGAN LIPATAN BERTAHAP MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA ORIGAMI DI RA PSM KROWE TAHUN AJARAN 2022/2023
Authors: Ramadhani Desi Dwi , Wulansari Betty Yulia , Rahmawati Ida Yeni 
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses peningkatkan kemampuan motorik halus pada anak usia dini dengan lipatan bertahap menggunakan media origami di RA PSM Krowe. Serta untuk mengetahui perubahan apa yang telah terjadi setelah penelitian itu terjadi. RA PSM Krowe ini ditargetkan sebagai objek penelitian dan origami sebagai media untuk meningkatkan kemampuan motorik halusnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK), ada beberapa tahapan yang dilalui; 1) Tahap perencanaan, 2) Tahap pelaksanaan, 3) Tahap pengamatan, 4) Tahap Refeksi. Penelitian menggunakan media origami ini membuahkan hasil yang cukup sesuai dengan apa yang diharapkan peneliti, tentunya dengan proses yang tidak instan. Dengan lipatan bertahap menggunakan origami membantu proses pengembangan motorik halus pada anak
DIVERSITY OF BIRD SPECIES IN THE NUSA DUA LAGOON AREA, BADUNG, BALI
Authors: Rozi Muhammad Fathur , Ginantra I Ketut , Sudirga Sang Ketut 
Published: November 2023

Kawasan Lagoon Indonesia Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC) merupakan instalasi pengelolaan limbah perhotelan yang berada di kawasan pariwisata Nusa Dua, terletak di bagian selatan Pulau Bali dan dikelilingi hutan mangrove. Instalasi ini terdiri dari lima kolam utama, pada kolam 2B dan 3 diisi dengan ikan mujair sebagai bioindikator yang menyebabkan berbagai jenis burung menjadikan kawasan ini sebagai tempat untuk mencari makan ataupun untuk aktivitas lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan aktivitas serta indeks keanekaragaman burung di kawasan Lagoon. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan Januari sampai dengan Februari 2022. Pengamatan dilakukan pada pagi dan sore hari dengan enam titik hitung. Jenis burung yang dijumpai dicatat dengan menggunakan metode pencatatan sepuluh jenis. Identifikasi jenis dilakukan menggunakan buku panduan dari Mackinnon (2010). Alat yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah binokuler, kamera DSLR dengan lensa 70-300 mm dan buku panduan lapangan Mackinnon. Data yang didapat dianalisis menggunakan Microsoft excel. Pada Kawasan ini ditemukan sebanyak 45 jenis burung dengan 6 jenis yang dilindungi. Aktivitas burung yang teramati pada kawasan ini diantaranya terbang melintas, merawat diri, mencari bahan sarang dan mencari makan. Aktivitas mencari makan adalah aktivitas yang paling banyak dilakukan pada Kawasan Lagoon. Indeks keanekaragaman burung di Kawasan Lagoon ITDC Nusa Dua, Bali adalah sebesar 3,10977 termasuk kategori keanekaragaman tinggi, indeks kemerataan adalah 0,81 yang dapat dikatakan hampir merata dan indeks dominansi sebesar 0,087066 yang menunjukkan tidak ada spesies dominan. Persentase penggunaan tajuk paling banyak teramati pada bagian lantai hutan atau batang sebesar 32,01%, dan paling sedikit di bagian tajuk bawah 15,10%.
HISTOLOGICAL OF MICE MAMMAL GLANDS THAT SUPPLEMENTATION WITH INFUSE WATER OF MANIHOT ESCULENTA LEAVES
Authors: Warmadewi I Gusti Ayu Intan , Rai Suarni Ni Made , Sudatri Ni Wayan 
Published: November 2023

Phytoestrogens are plant compounds whose structure and properties are similar to estrogens. Flavonoids are one of the phytoestrogen compounds and cassava leaves are known to contain flavonoid compounds. This study was conducted to determine the effect of steeping cassava leaves on the histology of the mammary glands of female mice. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) which consisted of 4 treatments and 6 replications. The treatment consisted of K0 as a control given 0.5 mL/bb/day of distilled water, P1 given 0.5 mL of cassava leaves steeped with a concentration of 7%, P2 given 0.5 mL of cassava leaves steeped at a concentration of 9%, P3 which was given a decoction of cassava leaves 0.5 mL with a concentration of 11% for 21 days. On the 22nd day, surgery was performed, then the mammary glands of the mice were taken to make histological incisions. Histological incisions of the mice's mammary glands were made using the paraffin method and hematoxylyn-eosin staining and observed under a microscope with 100x magnification with the help of optilab and the image raster program. Parameters observed included the number of mammary gland alveoli, the number of mammary gland ducts, and the diameter of the mammary gland ducts. The data obtained was analyzed statistically with the SPSS series 23 for Windows program. If the results of the analysis show a significant difference, then continue with the Duncan test. The results showed that steeping cassava leaves significantly increased the average number of alveoli, number of ducts and duct diameter of the mammary glands of female mice. The most influential dose of steeped cassava leaves was the dose of 9 g/Kg BW of female mice.
Temsili Bürokrasi ve Vatandaş Katılımı
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Namık Kemal , DEMİREL Özge 
Published: November 2023

Bir toplumda cinsiyet, ırk, etnik köken, dil, din vb. çeşitliliğin kamu hizmeti ifa etmekle görevli olan bürokratik yapıya yansıması ve bunun hizmetlere olan etkisi temsili bürokrasi kavramıyla açıklanmaktadır. Buna göre demografik yapının kamu bürokrasisine yansıması pasif temsili bürokrasi, bürokraside bu çeşitliliği temsil eden kişilerin alacakları karar veya uygulamalarında meydana getirdiği değişiklik aktif temsili bürokrasi ve bunun sembolik olmasının dahi olumlu sonuçlar ortaya çıkaracağı, bürokratın eylemine yansımasına gerek olmadığı üzerine odaklanan sembolik temsili bürokrasi olarak ele alınmaktadır. Bu noktada pasif temsili bürokrasinin oransal olarak bir toplumda demokrasinin gelişimine, aktif temsili bürokrasinin ise bu sürece katılımcı anlayışla ortaya çıkan hizmetler açısından katkı sağlayacağını söylemek mümkündür.
Bu çalışmada kamu kurumlarında farklıkların temsili olan temsili bürokrasinin bir toplumda katılımcı demokrasi ilkelerinin gerçekleşmesi sürecine katkı sunduğu varsayımından yola çıkılmıştır. Buna göre temsili bürokrasiyi içselleştirmiş, iyi kurgulamış bürokratik yapılarda, vatandaşın hizmetten yararlanma memnuniyetinin, hizmette etkinlik ve verimliliğin arttığı, hizmeti kendisinden biri olarak gördüğü bürokratlar elinden aldığında karar alım ve uygulama süreçlerine daha aktif katılım sağladığı sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır.
Çalışmada öncelikle temsili bürokrasi kavramı pasif, aktif ve sembolik temsil olmak üzere farklı boyutlarıyla açıklanmıştır. Ardından kavram, tüm boyutlarıyla bir bütün halinde vatandaş katılımına olan katkısı bağlamında ele alınmıştır. Bu değerlendirme, alanda daha önce yapılan çalışmalar ve ortaya koyduğu sonuçlar üzerinden yapılmış ve temsili bürokrasi ile vatandaş katılımında meydana gelen değişim ve dönüşüm örneklerle ele alınmıştır.
El ruido, un contaminante del medio ambiente y sus efectos sobre la salud humana
Authors: Restrepo Díaz María Cristina 
Published: November 2023

La disminución y perdida de la audición se produce como consecuencia de diferentes causas, una de ellas es la exposición prolongada al ruido. Se presenta lentamente y es de carácter irreversible.
El ruido disminuye la electividad en la comunicación y tiene consecuencias físicas, alteraciones psicológicas, y cambios en la conducta. Es un contaminante ambiental que influye en la calidad de vida y se ha convertido en un riesgo laboral que hace necesaria la toma de medidas preventivas y de educación.