bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The release of oxytocin, vasopressin and associated neurophysins after electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Scott Allan I. F. , Shering P. Anne , Lightman Stafford L. , Legros Jean‐Jacques , Whalley Lawrence J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBlood concentrations of oxytocin (OT), vasopressin (VP) and their associated neurophysins were measured before and after the first electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) given to 12 depressed patients. The maximum concentrations of all four peptides coincided at +2 min, but the increases in OT and VP were about four‐fold greater than their associated neurophysins. None of the peptide increases correlated with spike‐wave or total cerebral seizure activity as measured by electroencephalogram.
A pharmacodynamic study of quazepam and triazolam
Authors: Casucci G. , di Costanzo A. , Riva R. , Allocca S. , Tedeschi G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA double‐blind single oral dose study in 10 healthy volunteers was performed during the day to compare the diurnal effects of quazepam (15 mg) and triazolam (0.25 mg) on psychomotor performance. The central effect of the two benzodiazepines was assessed by means of a computer analysis of visually guided saccadic eye movements (SEM), critical flicker fusion threshold (CFFT), and choice reaction time (CRT). The results obtained suggest that: computer analysis of SEM is more sensitive than CRT and CFFT to detect sedative drug effects at a subclinical level; the presumed equipotent doses of quazepam and triazolam tested do not show the same sedative activity; the minimal impairment produced by quazepam on CNS function does not seem to be related to the property to bind to BZ1 receptors; the pharmacodynamic profile of quazepam seems to be characteristic of a “non‐sedative” agent, while triazolam behaves as a “sedative” benzodiazepine.
Cigarette smoking: Habit or nicotine maintenance? effects of short‐term smoking abstinence and oversmoking
Authors: Jacober Albert , Hasenfratz Markus , Bättig Karl 
Published: May 2005

AbstractCigarette consumption, craving to smoke and smoking pleasure, subjective reasons for smoking, heart rate, motor activity, and nutrient intake were continuously assessed in 22 subjects. After ad lib smoking on the first experimental day, subjects had to abstain between 12:30 h and 17:30 h on the second day and to smoke twice the habituated number of cigarettes during the same period of the third day. Craving and smoking pleasure decreased during oversmoking and increased for the first cigarettes after abstinence. Activity adjusted heart rates decreased by about 5 bpm during abstinence. In the evenings, however, these parameters as well as smoking rates, subjective reasons for smoking, and nutrient intake remained completely unaffected by the previous manipulations. Also cardiac nicotine tolerance, as assessed by the increases of the averaged activity‐adjusted heart rates after cigarette lighting, was identical for all three evenings, irrespective of the afternoon smoking condition. Furthermore, none of the subjective effects of the afternoon abstinence was observed for the longer lasting overnight deprivation. These results suggest that habituated temporal patterns play a role in cigarette smoking which is perhaps even more important than the need to maintain a constant plasma nicotine level.
Serotonin reuptake inhibitors reverse the impairments in behaviour, neurotransmitter and immune functions in the olfactory bulbectomized rat
Authors: Song Cai , Leonard B. E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis experiment investigated the effects of chronic treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors, fluvoxamine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and sertraline (10 mg/kg, i.p.), for 20 days on the behaviour, neurotransmitter concentrations and immune functions in the olfactory bulbectomized (OB) rat model of depression. Following fluvoxamine and sertraline administration, the hyperactive behaviour of the OB rat in the ‘open field’ was significantly attenuated. In the elevated plus‐maze, an increase in the number of entries into the open arms and a decrease in the time spent on the closed arms were also largely reversed in the OB rat after fluvoxamine and sertraline treatment. Fluvoxamine and sertraline treatments reversed the decrease in the brain concentrations of noradrenaline (NA) of the OB rat and the increase in the 5‐hydroxyindole‐3‐acetic acid (5‐HIAA) concentration. Fluvoxamine and sertraline treatment also significantly reversed the suppression of lymphocyte proliferation in the OB rat. However, only the chronic administration of fluvoxamine significantly improved depressed neutrophil phagocytosis, sertraline being without effect on this immune parameter.
The efficacy of EGb 761 in patients with senile dementia of the alzheimer type, a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study on different levels of investigation
Authors: Hofferberth B. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractForty patients diagnosed as suffering from senile dementia of the Alzheimer type received either 80 mg Ginkgo biloba special extract (GBE)* or matching placebo t.i.d. for three months in a randomized, double blind study of the efficacy and tolerance of GBE. The patients were assessed using a test battery at baseline and at 1, 2 and 3 months. The test battery included the SKT (a brief test of cognitive function, memory and attention), the Sandoz Clinical Assessment Geriatric Scale, choice reaction time, saccadic eye movements and EEG. Memory and attention, as measured by the SKT, improved significantly in the active treatment group after one month, as did psychopathology, psychomotor performance, functional dynamics and neurophysiology as measured by the above tests. The drug was well tolerated and no adverse drug reactions were recorded during the trial.
Overlap of buspirone with lorazepam, diazepam and bromazepam in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Findings from a controlled, multicentre, double‐blind study
Authors: Sacchetti Emilio , Zerbini O. , Banfi F. , Tansella M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn a controlled, randomized, multicenter, double‐blind study involving 335 patients with generalized anxiety disorder, buspirone (Busp) was compared to lorazepam, diazepam or bromazepam in order to test its global efficacy, preferential effectiveness in defined subgroups of patients or symptoms, latency of action and safety and tolerability. Apart from minor differences, the dropout rate, the number of subjects for whom the dose was increased, the number of capsules taken daily, the modifications of HRSA, VAS 100 mm, CGIS and CGSRS, the curves of improvement over time, the effectiveness on the somatic and psychic factors of the HRSA, the responsiveness of depressed and non‐depressed anxious patients, and the profiles of adverse events indicated clinical equivalence between the azaspirodecanedione and the comparison benzodiazepines.
The clinical characteristics of schizophrenic patients consenting or not consenting to a placebo controlled trial of antipsychotic medication
Authors: Bowen J. T. , Barnes T. R. E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSixty‐seven patients meeting DSM‐III‐R criteria for schizophrenia who had been eligible for a placebo controlled trial of an antipsychotic preparation were followed up at 9 months to examine whether a variety of socio‐demographic, illness, treatment and compliance variables were associated with consent to participate in the treatment trial. A survey of subjective appraisals concerning the trial and attitudes to medication of trial participants was also carried out.The data revealed that the non‐consenting patients had similar lengths of illness histories to those consenting but had experienced fewer previous psychiatric hospital admissions. The non‐consenting group had been less compliant with their overall treatment in the follow‐up period. More consenting patients were inpatients or day patients (rather than outpatients) at follow‐up and as a group, they were receiving significantly more medication than non‐consenting patients. They also exhibited more extrapyramidal and abnormal involuntary movements than the non‐consenting group.Our results do not support a direct relationship between severity of illness and the likelihood to consent to this type of research. The highly selective nature of samples of patients entering research is highlighted and the generalizability of results of similar drug studies may therefore be questioned.
Worsening of parkinsonism with fluvoxamine—two cases
Authors: Meco Giuseppe , Bonifati Vincenzo , Fabrizio Edito , Vanacore Nicola 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe describe two patients with parkinsonism and depressive symptoms who experienced a worsening of their motor disturbances following use of fluvoxamine, a serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor. The possible role of this drug in causing these adverse effects is discussed in the light of the complex serotonin‐dopamine interactions in the brain.
Central effects of nifedipine versus placebo following repeated application—influence of motivation and personality
Authors: Meyer F. P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractOut of 92 medical students, five success‐motivated and five failure‐motivated subjects were selected for a study of the central effects of nifedipine. In a cross‐over design and under double‐blind conditions, the subjects were administered 10 mg nifedipine or placebo twice daily over a five‐day period. A general evaluation of the results did not reveal any influence of nifedipine on vigilance (CFF), detail discrimination capacity (d2‐test), responsiveness (tracking test), and subjective feelings. However, success‐motivated and emotionally stable subjects were markedly impaired by nifedipine (CFF and d2‐test, quantitative performance), whereas failure‐motivated, emotionally unstable and introverted subjects under nifedipine exhibited less errors in the tests (d2‐test, qualitative performance) compared to those who were given placebo.
Basal serum cortisol and dexamethasone‐induced growth hormone release in the alcohol dependence syndrome
Authors: Farren Conor K. , Clare Anthony W. , Dinan Timothy G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe assessed the basal serum cortisol and the growth hormone (GH) response to dexamethasone in a group of completely detoxified male alcoholics and a group of healthy controls. There was a significant baseline elevation of serum cortisol in the alcoholics relative to the controls, and in the type 2 alcoholics relative to the type 1 alcoholics. There was no difference found in GH response to dexamethasone between the alcoholics and controls or between the types of alcoholics. There was no relationship found between the age of subject, length of abstinence from alcohol or severity of alcohol dependence and GH response. There was a significant relationship between severity of alcohol dependence and type of alcohol abuser. This may indicate a subtle impairment of the HPA in post withdrawal alcoholics, and between types of alcoholics, which does not appear to be at the pituatary or hypothalamic level.
A multicentre, double‐blind, clomipramine‐controlled efficacy and safety study of org 3770
Authors: Richou H. , Ruimy P. , Charbaut J. , Delisle J. P. , Brunner H. , Patris M. , Zivkov M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe efficacy and tolerability of the new antidepressant Org 3770 were evaluated in a multicentre, double‐blind, clomipramine‐controlled trial. In total, 174 patients (126 women and 48 men), aged 18‐75 years, who were suffering from a moderate or severe major depressive episode, were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of treatment with either Org 3770, 20–80 mg/day, or clomipramine, 50–200 mg/day. All patients were hospitalized at the time of the trial. Depressive symptoms, assessed by 21‐item HPRSD, MADRS, BPRS and GAS, improved significantly in both groups of patients after 6 weeks of treatment. Org 3770 was comparable to clomipramine with respect to improvements assessed by all the primary efficacy variables, both in moderately and severely depressed patients. Adverse clinical experiences, such as dry mouth, constipation, tremor, vertigo/dizziness, faintness on rising, and nausea, were reported by fewer patients in the Org 3770‐treated group than in the clomipramine‐treated group. These differences were particularly pronounced during the first 3 weeks of treatment. With respect to tremor, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p2‐sided = 0.03) after both 3 and 6 weeks of treatment. This study shows that Org 3770 is as effective as clomipramine in treating moderate or severe depression, while being better tolerated.
Plasma inositol levels in lithium‐treated manic‐depressives, schizophrenics and controls
Authors: Agam Galila , Belfair Nadav , Shapiro Joseph , Shimon Hady , Belmaker R. H. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPlasma inositol levels of lithium‐treated manic‐depressives (LTMD), schizophrenics and healthy volunteers have been studied. In contrast with the findings of Allison and Stewart, that Li treatment raises rat plasma inositol while lowering brain inositol, but in agreement with a previous report of our group of no effect of lithium on CSF inositol levels, we now show no significant difference in plasma inositol concentrations of LTMD as compared with those of control subjects. Plasma inositol levels of the schizophrenics in the present study are slightly but significantly decreased from those of controls.
[3H]Imipramine binding in type I and type II alcoholism
Authors: Patkar A. A. , Naik P. C. , Mardsen C. A. , McKlean P. C. , Kendall D. A. , Al‐Chalabi T. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPlatelet [3H]‐imipramine binding was measured in 29 male alcohol dependents (DSM III‐R) serially over 14 days of withdrawal. 29 male abstainers and 20 healthy volunteers. [3H]‐Imipramine binding was significantly greater in alcohol dependents and abstainers when compared with controls. On further grouping, type II alcoholism was specifically associated with the raised imipramine binding and this occurred irrespective of the duration or severity of drinking or the length of abstinence. The result indicates that platelet [3H]‐imipramine binding could be a biological marker of type II alcoholism.
Involvement of mesial‐temporal structures in rapid cycling mood disorders?
Authors: Klemm Edzard , Roth Angela , Möller Hans‐Jürgen , Biersack Hans‐Jürgen , Kasper Siegfried 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTemporal lobe dysfunction has been postulated in affective disorders by different brain imaging techniques. To further elucidate the possible relationship between electrophysiological variables in rapid cycling mood disorders (RCMD) and temporal lobe dysfunction we firstly recorded sphenoidal EEGs in addition to surface EEGs and 99m Tc‐HMPAO‐SPECT in three patients with RCMD. As compared to surface recordings the sphenoidal electrodes record more specifically the electrical activity arising within the mesio‐basal temporal lobe. The preliminary results indicate that there is a dysrhythmia and/or rhythmic delta activity in RCMD which was predominantly apparent in the left temporo‐mesial region in two cases. Furthermore, there was a hypoperfusion in the left temporal and temporo‐parietal region using 99m Tc‐HMPAO‐SPECT technique in two patients, respectively. This pilot study suggests that temporal lobe structures might be of particular relevance in RCMD and thus provides further evidence suggestive of temporal lobe involvement in affective disorders. Our findings indicate that electrophysiological recordings and brain imaging techniques could be helpful in further elucidating the pathophysiology underlying rapid cycling mood disorders.
Patent literature as a source of information for research and development: An investigation on calcium phosphate‐containing biomaterials, Part III
Authors: Wüstefeld M. , De Groot K. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe statistics and contents of patent and non‐patent literature on calcium phosphate‐containing biomaterials have been compared with each other. This was done by means of patent documents and scientific articles which have been published by the same author respectively on the same specific topic: prostheses coated with calcium phosphate‐containing biomaterials. It was found that 765 articles in periodicals and 624 patents were brought out between 1975 and 1987. Both figures refer to calcium phosphate‐containing biomaterials; the volume concerning the selected coating topic amounts to 40 articles and 83 patents. About 20% of the inventors publish also in periodicals but rarely about the subjects of their patents. The time lag between the disclosure of a patent and the publication of the corresponding article in a periodical comes to about one year but it is also possible that the article appears earlier than the patent. Patents preferably report on technical facts in detail (sintering processes, coating methods, components), periodicals much more on biological aspects (animal tests, histological investigations). The contents of patent and non‐patent and non‐patent literature do not overlap, but complete each other, so that studying patents should not be neglected to get an extensive survey on the progress of research. Volume, style, and formulation still provide an obstacle to patent documents for many research workers. New ways of excerpting patents are proposed for an efficient use.
Applied biomaterials standards report
Authors: “Dan” Daniels A. U. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe purpose of my column is to provide readers with current information on biomaterials‐related standards produced by both private groups and government agencies, and standards‐related activities. Standards are descriptive documents given official status by their producers, and in the case of biomaterials, they are generally intended to provide formalized descriptions of (a) materials used in the construction of medical devices, (b) materials used directly in surgical repairs, (c) test methods to evaluate materials for such applications, and (d) methods for handling or processing such materials.Please consider this column not only a place to obtain biomaterials standards information, but also a place to submit news of biomaterials standards developments in order to get the information before the public. This invitation extends to members of all professional organizations and government agencies in the United States and abroad who are active in standards development and would like specific activities or standards publicized. I will present the information in this column to the extent that allotted space allows.And last, a caveat—since this is a column, it contains both factual information and opinions. I will make every effort to make it clear which is which. Also, as a frame of reference, please note that this column was written and submitted in November 1990.
Examination of porous‐coated patellar components and analysis of the reasons for their retrieval
Authors: Collier J. P. , Mayor M. B. , Surprenant V. A. , Surprenant H. P. , Jensen R. E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractOne‐hundred‐fifteen retrieved, porous‐coated, uncemented patellar knee components of a wide variety of designs were examined for type and amount of tissue ingrowth and for wear and creep of the polyethylene‐articulating surface. Examples of well‐fixed patellar components of all designs presented regions of bone ingrowth independent of pore size, number of fixation pegs, and the presence or absence of coating on the pegs. Polyethylene breakdown, including delamination, pitting, subsurface cracking, and separation from the metal backing, was common. Comparative analysis indicates that solutions exist and include increasing congruency and polyethylene thickness and eliminating metal fixation buttons.
Laser‐drilled cardiovascular surgical needles
Authors: Towler Michael A. , Clapp Cynthia G. , McGregor Walter , Morgan Raymond F. , Edlich Richard F. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSurgical sutures that are directly attached to the surgical needle ends are called swaged sutures. A forming tool has been used to split one‐half of the wire diameter of cardiovascular needles that forms a channel or receptacle for the suture. With the advent of lasers, uniform holes can now be produced in the ends of small‐diameter cardiovascular needles. An advantage of the laser‐produced hole is that its outer circumference is smooth; the channel swage has a linear slit that interrupts its smooth outer circumference. A standardized reproducible test has been developed that quantitates the force required to pull the needle end through a synthetic membrane that simulates vascular tissue. A swage produced by a laser encountered significantly less drag forces than that noted with a comparable size channel swage of cardiovascular needles.
Bone graft and bone graft substitutes: A review of current technology and applications
Authors: Damien Christopher J. , Parsons J. Russell 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe morbidity associated with autogenous bone graft harvest and the recent concern regarding the transmission of live virus through use of allografts, have been the impetus for research into a variety of materials that could take the place of these standard materials for bone grafting. The positive results reported with various ceramics and/or bone derivatives suggest the possibility of a material with osteoconductive and/or osteoinductive properties for use with or in place of bone graft. This review discusses a variety of bone graft and bone graft substitute materials. Among the osteoconductive materials outlined are the hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate ceramics as well as some reportedly osteoactive polymers. While osteoconduction is a favorable quality, much interest has focussed on the use of osteoinductive or osteogenic materials such as demineralized bone matrix or bone derivatives,that is, BMP, osteogenin, etc. It is increasingly apparent that these materials require a carrier vehicle for optimal expression of osteoactivity. Therefore, the review finishes with a comparison of the various materials suggested for use as carriers.
Electrochemical behavior of Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy in static biosimulating solutions
Authors: Lewis Gladius , Daigle Kenneth 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe static general corrosion behavior of Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy specimens in three lactated Ringer's‐based solutions was investigated using d.c. potentiodynamic, d.c. linear polarization resistance, and a.c. impedance techniques. A critical appraisal of the use of these techniques for the estimation of the corrosion rate of the material is presented. Whence it was shown that the presence of bovine serum in or decreasing the pH level of (to about 1) lactated Ringer's solution leads to an increase in the corrosion rate of the alloy (relative to that in lactated Ringer's solution, pH 6.25). © 1993 John Wiley ' Sons, Inc.