bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A biological cleaning agent for removing mold stains from paper artifacts
Authors: Meng Qingxia , Li Xianchao , Geng Junqiang , Liu Chenshu , Ben Songbin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Efficient removal of mold stains becomes an important research topic for paper conservation. In this study, a cleaning scheme based on the combination of bioenzymes and biosurfactants was explored. Morphological and molecular biology identifications were first jointly applied to identify the dominant strains sampled from five ancient books that are stored in the same environment. Cellulolytic experiments were then conducted to evaluate the cellulose degradation ability of the strains according to the cellulolytic digestive index. Finally, paper Mockups for the ancient books were constructed to investigate the most effective combination of bioenzymes and biosurfactants in removing mold stains as well as its effect on the paper’s physical properties. The result concluded that the combination of 3% papain, 7% of sophorolipid or 7% of betaine, and distilled water, achieved optimal stain removal effect with over 50% cleaning rate at 35 °C, after 30 min of infiltration. The maximum color difference of the paper material after cleaning was around 0.60, pH was between 7.45 and 7.79, and no significant changes in tensile strength were observed. At the same time, Sophorolipid and Betaine both have superior deacidification, anti-acidification, anti-aging, and reinforcement capabilities, which can provide extra support to the fibrous structure in addition to cleaning the paper materials. The microbial contamination cleaning agent proposed in this study shows promising application prospects in conserving mold-contaminated paper artifacts.
A 5‐year follow‐up of Achilles tendon reconstruction using a full‐thickness graft processed with the clearant method and retrograde fixation in the calcaneus: a case study of an amateur soccer player
Authors: Saavedra Luis Alberto Buendia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe present a case of a 41‐year‐old male amateur soccer player with no comorbidities, who experienced a rerupture of the Achilles tendon 5 years after his initial end‐to‐end plasty. To address this, we opted for a full‐thickness reconstruction using a graft under the Clearant Process of the Achilles tendon. As an innovative approach, we proposed an alternative fixation technique, employing a Bio Composite Arthrex 9 mm x 35 mm interference screw, placed at the apex of the calcaneus body. For a period of 5 years, the patient underwent regular imaging follow‐ups with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and clinical assessments using the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure Activity Subscale Score and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure Sports Subscale Score. This case highlights the importance of exploring novel fixation methods for Achilles tendon reconstruction, particularly in cases of rerupture. The use of the Bio Composite Arthrex screw, in conjunction with the Clearant Process graft, demonstrated promising results both in imaging and functional outcomes, but more case studies with positive results are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of this reconstruction.
Levetiracetam for the treatment of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease: a double-blind controlled proof-of-concept trial protocol
Authors: Dissanayaka Nadeeka , Pourzinal Dana , Byrne Gerard J. , Yang Jihyun , McMahon Katie L. , Pontone Gregory M. , O’Sullivan John D. , Adam Robert , Littleford Roberta , Chatfield Mark , Lehn Alexander , Mari Zoltan , Bakker Arnold 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Mild memory impairment, termed amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), is associated with rapid progression towards dementia in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Studies have shown hyperactivation of hippocampal DG/CA3 subfields during an episodic memory task as a biomarker of aMCI related to Alzheimer’s disease. This project investigates the feasibility of a trial to establish the efficacy of a repurposed antiepileptic drug, levetiracetam, in low doses as a putative treatment to target DG/CA3 hyperactivation and improve episodic memory deficits in aMCI in PD. Based on previous work, it is hypothesized that levetiracetam will normalize DG/CA3 overactivation in PD-aMCI participants and improve memory performance.

Methods
Twenty-eight PD-aMCI participants, 28 PD participants without memory impairment (PD-nMI), and 28 healthy controls will be recruited. PD-aMCI participants will undertake a 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over trial with a 14-day treatment of 125 mg levetiracetam or placebo twice daily, separated by a 4-week washout period. After each treatment period, participants will complete an episodic memory task designed to tax hippocampal subregion-specific function during high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). PD-nMI and healthy controls will undergo the fMRI protocol only, to compare baseline DG/CA3 subfield activity.

Results
Episodic memory task performance and functional activation in the DG/CA3 subfield during the fMRI task will be primary outcome measures. Global cognition, PD severity, and adverse events will be measured as secondary outcomes. Recruitment, eligibility, and study completion rates will be explored as feasibility outcomes.

Conclusions
This study, the first of its kind, will establish hippocampal subregion functional impairment and proof of concept of levetiracetam as an early therapeutic option to reduce dementia risk in PD.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04643327. Registered on 25 November 2020.
Enhancing L2 speaking proficiency through collaborative tasks in RILCA world: the case of East Asian learners
Authors: Wiboolyasarin Watcharapol , Jinowat Nattawut , Wiboolyasarin Kanokpan , Kamonsawad Ruedee , Tiranant Phornrat , Boonyakitanont Poomipat 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe use of three-dimensional virtual worlds (3DVWs) in language education has been widely acknowledged in the field, and researchers have expressed a growing interest in their proliferation in second language (L2) learning and instruction. In order to improve the Thai-speaking abilities of learners of Thai as a foreign language (TFL) in three Asian nations, this study implemented collaborative tasks in the Redesign of Instruction for foreign Language and Communication Achievement (RILCA) World hosted by Second Life over a 10-weeks period. The participants were forty second-year undergraduate students enrolled in Thai courses in China, Japan, and Hong Kong. A pre-experimental design was employed, which involved administering a pretest measure, followed by ten identical collaborative tasks, and a posttest to each of the three classes in RILCA World. The results of the investigation demonstrate that the use of collaborative tasks in RILCA World can provide L2 learners with educational opportunities that are unrestricted by time and geography and enhance TFL speaking results. The implications of these findings for the applicability of 3DVWs and collaborative tasks in boosting foreign language speaking skills are highlighted. The collaborative tasks and insights presented in this study not only serve as a practical resource for TFL educational scenarios, but also contribute to the body of knowledge regarding a range of L2 learning and teaching in 3DVWs.
TNF-α and IFN-γ prestimulation enhances the therapeutic efficacy of human amniotic epithelial stem cells in chemotherapy-induced ovarian dysfunction
Authors: Huang Yating , Zhang Qiuwan , Cao Wenjiao , Zhang Qinyu , Wang Lulu , Lai Dongmei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Exposure to a harsh ovarian microenvironment induced by chemotherapeutic agents seriously affects the remodeling of ovarian function and follicular development, leading to premature ovarian failure or insufficiency (POF/POI). For decades, the effectiveness of stem cell therapies in POI animal models has been intensively studied; however, strategies to enhance the therapeutic effect of stem cells remain challenging.

Methods
In this study, we first observed the pathological changes of the ovaries at different time points during chemotherapy, including the number of follicles, granulosa cell proliferation, oxidative stress damage, ovarian fibrosis, and inflammatory reaction. Moreover, we investigated whether activated hAECs stimulated by the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were more effective than native hAECs in repairing ovarian injury induced by chemotherapy.

Results
The inhibitory effect of chemotherapy drugs on ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) in growing follicles mainly occurred on day 3 after chemotherapy in a mouse model. Then, continued ovarian injury, including oxidative damage and cell death cascades, resulted in the depletion of follicular reserves and inflammation-related ovarian fibrosis. Cytokine array demonstrated that activated hAECs secreted high levels of paracrine cytokines related to extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation. An in vivo study showed that the engraftment rate of activated hAECs in damaged ovaries was higher than that of native hAECs. Furthermore, activated hAECs in damaged ovaries had significantly upregulated expression of the antioxidant proteins thioredoxin1/2. In addition, activated hAECs had increased numbers of mature follicles and ameliorated the ovarian microenvironment by promoting angiogenesis and reducing ovarian fibrosis.

Conclusions
These results indicated that secondary ovarian damage induced by chemotherapy, including oxidative stress damage, chronic inflammatory response, and ovarian tissue fibrosis should be attended. Prestimulation with the proinflammatory factors TNF-α and IFN-γ could enhance the therapeutic efficacy of hAECs against chemotherapy-induced ovarian dysfunction, which may become a new feasible strategy to improve the therapeutic potential of hAECs in regenerative medicine.

Graphical Abstract
Non-invasive neuromodulation: an emerging intervention for visceral pain in gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Alam Md Jahangir , Chen Jiande D. Z. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGastrointestinal (GI) disorders, which extend from the esophagus to the anus, are the most common diseases of the GI tract. Among these disorders, pain, encompassing both abdominal and visceral pain, is a predominant feature, affecting the patients’ quality of life and imposing a substantial financial burden on society. Pain signals originating from the gut intricately shape brain dynamics. In response, the brain sends appropriate descending signals to respond to pain through neuronal inhibition. However, due to the heterogeneous nature of the disease and its limited pathophysiological understanding, treatment options are minimal and often controversial. Consequently, many patients with GI disorders use complementary and alternative therapies such as neuromodulation to treat visceral pain. Neuromodulation intervenes in the central, peripheral, or autonomic nervous system by alternating or modulating nerve activity using electrical, electromagnetic, chemical, or optogenetic methodologies. Here, we review a few emerging noninvasive neuromodulation approaches with promising potential for alleviating pain associated with functional dyspepsia, gastroparesis, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and non-cardiac chest pain. Moreover, we address critical aspects, including the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of these noninvasive neuromodulation methods, elucidate their mechanisms of action, and outline future research directions. In conclusion, the emerging field of noninvasive neuromodulation appears as a viable alternative therapeutic avenue for effectively managing visceral pain in GI disorders.
A critical review of energy consumption and optimization strategies in the Nigerian aviation sector: challenges and prospects
Authors: Orikpete Ochuko Felix , Gungura Nasiru Muhammad , Ehimare Ehinomen , Ewim Daniel Raphael Ejike 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The global aviation industry plays a crucial role in socioeconomic advancement. However, its notable energy consumption has garnered attention due to the subsequent environmental consequences. Nigeria, holding a dominant position in Africa's economic landscape, is undergoing rapid growth in its aviation sector. This progress brings to light several energy consumption challenges emblematic of the broader industry.

Main body of the abstract
For this review, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of energy consumption patterns within the Nigerian aviation sector. Drawing from a diverse range of contemporary literature and global best practices, we centered our exploration on energy consumption patterns within the Nigerian aviation sector, environmental stewardship, global best practices, regulatory frameworks, and flight operations, ground support functions, and maintenance activities. This approach enabled us to pinpoint prevalent inefficiencies and to highlight opportunities for improved energy utilization.

Short conclusion
Our findings emphasize the pressing necessity for Nigeria to instate rigorous energy efficiency policies, further supported by enhanced regulatory structures. Given Nigeria's specific energy-related challenges, such as an inconsistent power supply and a significant reliance on non-renewable energy sources, the aviation sector confronts amplified environmental and economic threats. Addressing these issues is imperative not just for the sector's longevity but also in alignment with Nigeria's expansive fiscal aspirations. The insights garnered from this review can guide stakeholders in maneuvering the intricacies of energy management in aviation, thus paving the way for ecologically responsible expansion in burgeoning economies.
Reconstruction of skin friction topology in complex separated flows
Authors: Liu Tianshu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper describes a theoretical method for reconstruction of the skin friction topology in complex separated flows, which is developed based on the exact relation between skin friction and surface pressure through the boundary enstrophy flux (BEF). The key of this method is that a skin friction field is reconstructed from a surface pressure field as an inverse problem by applying a variational method. For applications, the approximate method is proposed, where the composite surface pressure field is given by a linear superposition of the base-flow surface pressure field and the surface pressure variation field and the base-flow BEF field is used as the first-order approximation. This approximate method is constructive in a mathematical sense since a complex skin friction field in separated flows can be reconstructed from some elemental skin friction structures (skin friction source/sink, vortex and their combinations) by a linear superposition of some simple surface pressure structures. The distinct topological features, such as critical points, separation lines and attachment lines, naturally occur as a result of such reconstruction. As examples, some elemental skin friction structures in separated flows are reconstructed in simulations, and the skin friction fields in shock-wave/boundary-layer interactions (SWBLIs) are reconstructed from pressure sensitive paint (PSP) images obtained in wind tunnel experiments.
Liver injury in malaria infected patients in Douala-Cameroon and its association with poor medical practice
Authors: Kouam Arnaud Fondjo , Ngoumé Noé Auguste Nseké , Fepa Armelle Gaelle Kwesseu , Wainfen Zerubabel , Ngounou Eléonore , Galani Borris Rosnay Tietcheu , Nembo Nembu Erastus , Chuisseu Pascal Dieudonné Djamen , Njayou Fréderic Nico , Moundipa Paul Fewou 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Malaria is an endemic mosquito-borne disease in sub-Saharan regions, including Cameroon. Due to the obligatory hepatic stage of its pathogenic agents, malaria can induce liver damage if not properly treated. Hence, we assessed the impact of malaria infection on liver transaminases among febrile patients consulting at the Deido District Hospital, Douala-Cameroon, in regard to their attitude towards the practice of preventive measures, treatment, and management of malaria.

Methods
Over 10 weeks, 150 febrile patients and 28 healthy individuals serving as the control group were enrolled and their blood samples screened for Plasmodium species by Giemsa Staining and liver injury evaluated by measuring the serum level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities. The socio-demographic characteristics of participants and their attitude towards the practice of preventive measures, treatment, and management of malaria were collected using a structured- questionnaire.

Results
Among tested febrile patients, 113 (75%) were malaria-positive. Females were more affected (65.5%) than males; the most affected age group were adults between 30-60 years (55.8%). A significant association (p˂0.05; relative risk [RR] = 1.424 or p˂0.05; RR = 1.947) was found between malaria infection and non-use of mosquito nets or insecticides, respectively. The serum level of ALT and AST activities in malaria-positive were significantly (p<0.05) increased, compared to healthy or malaria-negative individuals. Furthermore, transaminase activity was significantly (p<0.05) elevated in non-practitioners of preventive measures; and in patients who engaged in auto-medication or traditional medication, compared to those who sought treatment from health centers.

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrated that non-practice of preventive measures, improper treatment and management of malaria infection can lead to an abnormal increase in serum level of transaminases which may reflect liver injury.
Quercetin for inhibition of inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in lung injury model: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ismaeel Ghufran Lutfi , Abdulhadi Mohanad Ali , Al-Ameer Lubna R. , Jumaa Sally Salih , Essa Israa M. , Jalil Abduladheem Turki , Almulla Abbas F. , Ali Ronak Taher 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAcute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality. The main pathological features of ALI are increased alveolar-capillary membrane permeability, edema, uncontrolled migration of neutrophils to the lungs, and diffuse alveolar damage, resulting in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to elucidate the antioxidant activities of flavanols in a rat model of acute lung injury (ALI). PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched to obtain the relevant papers. Nine studies with 343 rat models of ALI were included in this study. We investigated oxidative stress with the corresponding 95% CI. Estimating the correlation and 95% CIs for the inflammatory agents and oxidative stress in the intervention group, compared with that in the control group (ALI), respectively (correlation: 0.635; 95% CI, 0.560–0.699, P value = 0.000, Z value= 12.648) and (correlation: 0.317; 95% CI, 0.189–0.434, P value = 0.00, Z value= 4.7). In conclusion, investigating the effects of different flavanols on oxidative stress in lung injury may provide a useful therapeutic strategy in ALI mouse models. However, the final conclusion on treatment efficacy should be sufficient for prospective controlled randomized trials.
Successful pericardial repair and coverage for late pacemaker lead-related atrial perforation and pneumothorax: a case report
Authors: Maruya Yoshiyuki , Yamaura Takumi , Mine Hayato , Suzuki Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Various complications of permanent pacemaker implantation have been reported. However, late pacemaker lead-related myocardial perforation rarely occurs. Conservative treatment is generally selected, if possible, but open heart surgery or catheter lead removal should be considered in symptomatic patients. We herein describe a patient who was successfully treated by pericardial repair and coverage for late pacemaker lead-related atrial perforation and pneumothorax.

Case presentation
A woman in her 80s who had undergone permanent pacemaker implantation 2 years previously visited our hospital because of dyspnea. She had also been treated for right pneumothorax 1 year previously. A chest radiograph and computed tomography scan showed right pneumothorax and pericardial emphysema with no effusion. Because similar findings had been obtained at the previous onset of pneumothorax, we suspected delayed myocardial perforation and lung injury due to the screw-in lead in the right atrium. No myocardial bleeding, cardiac tamponade, or pacing failure was present. The cardiovascular surgeon judged that open-heart lead extraction would be difficult because of the patient’s poor performance status; therefore, thoracoscopic pericardial repair with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene sheet and coverage with anterior mediastinal adipose tissue was attempted to prevent recurrent pneumothorax. The patient was successfully treated without lead extraction or open heart surgery. At 1.5 years postoperatively, she had developed no recurrence of pneumothorax or pacing failure.

Conclusions
Pericardial repair and coverage can be an effective strategy for pacemaker lead-related pneumothorax without pacing failure or bleeding.
Neurofibromin 1 mutations impair the function of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia
Authors: Kuhrt Leonard D. , Motta Edyta , Elmadany Nirmeen , Weidling Hannah , Fritsche-Guenther Raphaela , Efe Ibrahim E. , Cobb Olivia , Chatterjee Jit , Boggs Lucy G. , Schnauß Marina , Diecke Sebastian , Semtner Marcus , Anastasaki Corina , Gutmann David H. , Kettenmann Helmut 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant condition caused by germline mutations in the neurofibromin 1 (NF1) gene. Children with NF1 are prone to the development of multiple nervous system abnormalities, including autism and brain tumors, which could reflect the effect of NF1 mutation on microglia function. Using heterozygous Nf1-mutant mice, we previously demonstrated that impaired purinergic signaling underlies deficits in microglia process extension and phagocytosis in situ. To determine whether these abnormalities are also observed in human microglia in the setting of NF1, we leveraged an engineered isogenic series of human induced pluripotent stem cells to generate human microglia-like (hiMGL) cells heterozygous for three different NF1 gene mutations found in patients with NF1. Whereas all NF1-mutant and isogenic control hiMGL cells expressed classical microglia markers and exhibited similar transcriptomes and cytokine/chemokine release profiles, only NF1-mutant hiMGL cells had defects in P2X receptor activation, phagocytosis and motility. Taken together, these findings indicate that heterozygous NF1 mutations impair a subset of the functional properties of human microglia, which could contribute to the neurological abnormalities seen in children with NF1.