bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSXIV-21 Genetic Diversity in Mashona, a Sanga-Type Cattle from Southern Africa
Authors: Ling Ashley , Hay ElHamidi , Hayes Emily G , Browning Richard , Blackburn Harvey D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Climate change projections suggest pervasive impacts on livestock performance, for which United States (US) producers will need to adjust. Fortuitously, the US has a broad array of genetic resources among its breeds with which to explore a genetic basis for increased resilience. Sanga-type cattle were developed in a tropical environment and are generally considered a long-formed taurine and indicine composite. Consequently, they may harbor unique genetic diversity which could be of utility to the US cattle industry. Mashona is a Sanga breed from southern Africa and has been imported into the US. Comparison of its genetic diversity to other breeds found in US tropical and subtropical environments has not been studied. To initiate evaluation of Mashona we evaluated 334 animals from Mashona (24), Tuli (12), Florida Cracker (20), Senepol (24), Brahman (68), Brangus (20), Romosinuano (20), Hereford (50), Angus (50) and Wagyu (56). Notably, Tuli is also a Sanga-type breed closely related to Mashona. All animals were genotyped with the BovineHD chip (777K SNP). Quality control included removal of loci with a minor allele frequency &lt; 0.05 and a missingness rate &gt; 0.1. For SNP pairs with r2 &gt; 0.2 across all breeds, one SNP was chosen at random and removed. After quality control, 75,698 SNP remained for analysis. The first 4 principal components explained 15.5, 4.3, 3.1, and 2.4%, respectively, of the variation in the genomic relationship matrix. Mashona and Tuli tended to cluster close together for all the principal components (PC) evaluated. The first PC captured variation across the taurine-indicine axis with Hereford and Brahman at opposite extremes; Mashona clustered approximately midway between taurine and indicine breeds. Breed placement along PC4 highlighted separation of Sanga breeds from other breeds evaluated, though Mashona and Tuli each formed a distinct cluster. Ancestral groups were estimated using ADMIXTURE software for k = 3 to 15. Cross-validation error declined from 0.55 at k = 3 to 0.50 at k = 7, after which the error was relatively similar for greater values of k. As early as k = 4, Mashona and Tuli were found to be a distinct population. This group represented 61.7 to 99.9 and 59.5 to 74.9% of the estimated admixture for Mashona and Tuli, respectively. At k = 10, Mashona and Tuli branched into separate populations. Additional estimated ancestry in Mashona was primarily from groups representing Angus and Brahman, up to 15 and 9%, respectively. With progressive cluster number tropical cattle breeds were found to be distinct from one another and other taurine and indicine breeds. Collectively these results support Mashona being a genetically distinct population relative to breeds more commonly utilized in the US beef industry; such a broad array of genetic diversity suggests there may be substantial allele reservoirs capable of conferring selective advantages to counter negative impacts of climate change.
PSXIII-12 Effects of Dietary Mixed Sources of Selenium Supplementation on Immune Responses, Stress Parameter and Gut Microbiota of Weaned Pigs
Authors: Shin Ikcheol , Park Kyeong Il , Kyoung Hyunjin , Kim Yonghee , Ahn Jinmu , Lee Jae In , Ha Sewon , Nam Jinwook , Kim Kimoon , Kang Yonggu , Park Youngmin , Song Minho 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a micro-essential mineral, following the amount of Se can be appeared as selenosis or deficiency disease. Its representative role was the main compound of glutathione peroxidase as known antioxidant enzyme. This role closely relates to health of piglets. Popular form of Se was divided into organic Se (Ose) and inorganic Se (Ise) forms. Ose has greater bioavailability and costs and reduced toxicity than Ise. Mixed Se sources can save costs and improve bioavailability compared with single-source Se. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary mixed Se supplementation on immune responses, stress parameter and gut microbiota of weaned pigs. Weaned pigs [n = 156; 7.85 ± 0.10 kg of initial body weight (BW)] were allotted to three dietary treatments (4 pigs/pen; 13 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design (block: initial BW and sex) for 6 weeks. Dietary treatments were a corn-soybean based diet except for Se (CON), CON + 0.15 ppm Ose + 0.15 ppm Ise (A), and CON + 0.25 ppm Ose + 0.25 ppm Ise (B). On day 7, 14, and 42, blood samples were collected from randomly selected 6 pigs per treatment. The collected samples were used for immune responses and stress parameters like tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor beta1, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, and cortisol by using ELISA kits. On day 42, samples were collected to analyze microbial communities of pigs by 16s rRNA sequencing method. Microbial communities were analyzed using QIIME. The microbial alpha diversity indices such as number of OTUs, Chao1, Shannon, and Inverse Simpson were calculated to measure the within-sample diversity and richness at the species level. The microbial beta diversity was performed to inter-sample dissimilarities using weighted UniFrac distances based on principal coordinate analysis. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED procedure of SAS. The experimental unit was a pen. The statistical model for immune responses, stress parameters and gut microbiota included dietary treatment as main effect and initial BW as a covariate. No differences were found on immune responses and stress parameters among dietary treatments. The number of OTUs, Chao1, Shannon, and Inverse Simpson were not different among dietary treatments. The Se increased (P &lt; 0.05) relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes but decreased (P &lt; 0.05) phylum Firmicutes. In addition, the Se increased (P &lt; 0.05) relative abundance of genus Barnesiella but decreased (P &lt; 0.05) genus Lactobacillus. In conclusion, addition of 0.3 and 0.5 ppm mixed Se can alter gut microbiota.
PSIV-14 Effects of Maternal Nutrient Restriction During Late Gestation on Expelled Cotyledonary Mrna Expression in Primiparous Beef Females
Authors: Redifer Colby A , Rathert-Williams Abigail R , Wichman Lindsey G , Meyer Allison M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To determine the effects of late gestational nutrient restriction on expelled cotyledonary mRNA expression, fall-calving Hereford × Simmental-Angus heifers [single-sired; BW: 451 ± 28 (SD) kg; BCS: 5.4 ± 0.7] bred to a single sire were allocated by fetal sex and expected calving date to receive either 100% (control; CON; n = 12) or 70% (nutrient restricted; NR; n = 11) of NASEM metabolizable energy and metabolizable protein requirements for maintenance, pregnancy, and growth. Beginning on d 160 of gestation, heifers were individually fed chopped sorghum sudan hay (1.74 Mcal ME/kg, 6.69% CP, 72.0% NDF; DM basis) and based on individual intakes, supplemented to meet targeted nutritional planes. Calving was observed for all females and placentas were collected at natural expulsion. Immediately after collection (average: 4.5 h post-calving; range: 2.3 to 12.1 h post-calving), 2 representative cotyledons on the ipsilateral side were cleaned with phosphate buffered saline, and cotyledonary tissue was flash frozen. Total RNA was extracted, and RT-qPCR was performed for mRNA expression of glucose transporters (SLC2A1, SLC2A3, SLC2A4), a fructose transporter (SLC2A5), amino acid transporters (SLC1A1, SLC3A2, SLC7A1, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC38A2), angiogenic factors/receptors (VEGFA, NOS3, FLT1, KDR, GUCY1B3), and pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 2 (PAG2). Relative mRNA expression was analyzed with nutritional plane, treatment initiation date, time to cotyledon sampling, and calf sex (when P &lt; 0.25) as fixed effects. We have previously reported that total uterine blood flow during late gestation was not affected (P ≥ 0.20) by nutritional plane or the nutritional plane × day of gestation interaction. Post-calving, NR dams were 64 kg BW less (P &lt; 0.001) and 2.0 BCS less (P &lt; 0.001), but calf birth weight was not affected (P = 0.72) by nutritional plane. Contralateral placental dry weight tended to be less (P = 0.07) in NR dams, but total placental weight was not affected (P = 0.86) by late gestational nutritional plane. Cotyledonary relative mRNA expression of SLC2A3 and SLC38A2 was greater (P ≤ 0.05) and relative expression of SLC2A1, SLC2A4, and NOS3 tended to be greater (P ≤ 0.07) in NR dams compared with CON. Late gestational nutritional plane did not affect (P ≥ 0.13) cotyledonary relative mRNA expression of FLT1, GUCY1B3, KDR, PAG2, SLC1A1, SLC2A5, SLC3A2, SLC7A1, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, and VEGFA. In summary, first parity beef females who experienced late gestational nutrient restriction maintained uterine blood flow and placental mass and had 4 nutrient transporters and 1 angiogenic factor upregulated in cotyledons, all which likely contributed to their conservation of fetal growth.
PSVI-29 Using Feeding Behavior Assessment to Evaluate the Effects of Beef Cattle Dietary Type Or the Presence of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
Authors: Broussard Emilee A , Sarturi Jhones O , Silva Kaliu G , Johnson Bradley J , Rodrigues Barbara , Dos Reis Beatriz 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The effects of live yeast and diet type (grower or finisher) offered to beef steers on feeding behavior were evaluated. Eight ruminally cannulated yearling beef steers (BW = 550 ± 20 kg) were used in a duplicated 4 × 4 Latin Square design and offered four dietary treatments to ad libitum intake, following a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement: A) presence or not of live-yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae [2 × 1010 CFU/g (CNCM I-1077)]; and B) diet type. Diets (DM basis) contained 3% yellow-grease and mineral/vitamin supplement-adjusted. The grower [40% low-quality alfalfa-hay (LQ-hay), 35% steam-flaked corn (SFC), 20% wet corn gluten feed (WCGF)] and finisher (65% SFC, 20% WCGF, 8% LQ-hay) diets were offered once daily at 0700 h. Live-yeast cells or placebo (soybean meal) were delivered with gel capsules (0.25 g, as is) twice daily directly into the rumen via ruminal cannula. Four, 35 d periods were used, in which feeding behavior assessment was conducted by trained personnel on d 31 (continuous 24 h, every 5 min) while no other major management was performed during the evaluation. The time spent eating, ruminating (standing/laying), resting (stating/laying), active, and drinking were recorded, while chewing was estimated by adding rumination and eating time. The number of meals and time spent on each meal were also assessed. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedures of SAS, with animal considered as the experimental unit. The statistical model used the fixed effects of diet type, live-yeast presence, and the diet × live-yeast interaction, while square, period, and animal(square) were used as random effects. No diet × live-yeast interactions (P ≥ 0.17) or main effects of live-yeast (P ≥ 0.23) were observed for the variables measured. Feeding behavior was affected by diet type, in which steers offered a grower diet had greater time spent ruminating (341 vs. 231 min/d; P &lt; 0.01), eating (154 vs. 105 min/d; P &lt; 0.01), chewing (494 vs. 336 min/d; P &lt; 0.01), and meal length (13 vs. 10 min/meal; P &lt; 0.01), while less time resting (838 vs. 973 min/d; P &lt; 0.01) compared with those offered the finisher diet. The time spent drinking (15 min/d; P = 0.29) and the number of daily meals (13 meals/d; P = 0.66) were not affected by treatments, while steers offered the finisher diet tended (P = 0.12) to be more active than those offered the grower diet (116 vs. 95 min/d). As expected, grower diets were more prone than finisher diets to stimulate feeding behavior variables of beef steers. Moreover, when directly introduced inside the rumen via ruminal cannula, the live yeast used seemed to not affect the feeding behavior of beef steers consuming a steam-flaked corn-based grower or finisher diet.
PSXII-30 Changes in Ruminal Digesta and Ruminal Ammonia-N Concentration with Differing Durations Feed Restriction for Sheep
Authors: Hare Koryn S , Lambert Koralie , Chagas Anne Clair , Watanabe Daniel H M , Penner Greg B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During transient periods of feed restriction (FR), ruminal ammonia-N (NH3-N) concentrations and fluid volume may parallel the reduction in feed and water intake. However, changes in ruminal digesta characteristics and NH3-N during FR have not been characterized. Thus, the objective was to determine how FR duration impacts ruminal digesta weight and the liquid and solid fractions, and ruminal NH3-N concentration. Lambs (n = 9 wethers and 12 rams, stratified by BW and castration status) were fed ad libitum (AL, n = 7) or subjected to 5-d (FR5, n = 7) or 10-d of FR (FR10, n = 7) at 30% of AL intake. Lambs were killed 4 h post-feeding to excise the gastrointestinal tract and ruminal digesta was weighed. Sub-samples of digesta were collected for separation into solid and liquid fractions using a winepress, used for DM determination, and another was strained and preserved with sulfuric acid to analyze ruminal NH3-N concentration. Data were analyzed with PROC GLIMMIX (SAS 9.4) with the fixed effect of treatment and random effects of lamb specified to the R-sided matrix. Linear regression (PROC REG) was used to evaluate the relationship between ruminal NH3-N concentration and quantity relative to ruminal fluid weight and PROC CORR was used to generate Pearson correlation coefficients. The ruminal digesta weight did not differ (P = 0.97) among treatments but AL ruminal digesta was drier (P &lt; 0.01) than FR5 and FR10 digesta (40.2% decrease in DM% relative to AL). As such, FR5 and FR10 had 0.7 ± 0.16 kg less (P = 0.01) ruminal solids than AL while they tended to have more (P = 0.09) ruminal fluid. Ruminal NH3-N concentration was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for FR5 and FR10 compared with AL (2.4 and 2.0 vs. 0.4 ± 0.52 mg/dL, respectively). The quantity of ruminal NH3-N (mg) followed the same pattern with FR5 and FR10 having, on average, 51.5 ± 18.39 mg NH3-N more (P &lt; 0.01) in their ruminal fluid than AL. The quantity of ruminal NH3-N was strongly correlated (ρ = 0.87, P &lt; 0.01) to the total ruminal fluid such that 75% of the variance was explained by the relationship. The strength of the correlation (ρ = 0.81, R2 = 0.66, P &lt; 0.01) between ruminal NH3-N concentration and total ruminal fluid was slightly lesser, but the two parameters were still strongly associated. From these data, we surmise that FR is associated with a reduction in ruminal DM content and may increase ruminal liquid that corresponds to increased ruminal NH3-N, independent of the duration of exposure.
Psychosocial Interventions for Children and Young People With Visible Differences Resulting From Appearance-Altering Conditions, Injury, or Treatment Effects: An Updated Systematic Review
Authors: Waite Emma , Jenkinson Elizabeth , Kershaw Saskia , Guest Ella 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
Children and young people with visible differences can experience psychosocial difficulties, such as anxiety and teasing by others. Interventions targeting difficulties have previously been reviewed by Jenkinson et al. This review aimed to identify and critically assess recent studies evaluating the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for children and young people with visible differences on psychosocial wellbeing, self-esteem, and social experiences and compare the findings with Jenkinson et al. using a replacement review process.

Methods
Inclusion criteria are as follows: studies with participants aged 0–18 years with visible differences; investigating a psychosocial intervention; including comparison with an alternative intervention, control group, or pre- and post-intervention; and including a quantitative measure assessed pre- and post-intervention. Exclusion criteria are as follows: participants with body dysmorphic disorder or appearance changes due to eating disorders or obesity and studies not written in English. MEDLINE, AMED, and PsycInfo were searched and grey literature was included. Results were reviewed against eligibility criteria, data were extracted, and studies were evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool.

Results
Using Jenkinson et al. as one source of studies, 24 studies were included evaluating a range of interventions such as social interaction skills training, residential social camps, and cognitive behavioral therapy. Risk of bias was high in 20 studies and of some concern in four studies.

Conclusion
There is some evidence of the effectiveness of hypnotherapy, a relaxation response resiliency program, integrative body-mind-spirit group, and therapeutic patient education, but more rigorous research is needed to confirm their impact on psychosocial outcomes.
Calcium signaling: an emerging player in plant antiviral defense
Authors: Zvereva Anna S , Klingenbrunner Michael , Teige Markus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Calcium is a universal messenger in different kingdoms of living organisms and regulates most physiological processes, including defense against pathogens. The threat of viral infections in humans has become very clear in recent years, and this has triggered detailed research into all aspects of host–virus interactions, including the suppression of calcium signaling in infected cells. At the same time, however, the threat of plant viral infections is underestimated in society, and research in the field of calcium signaling during plant viral infections is scarce. Here we highlight an emerging role of calcium signaling for antiviral protection in plants, in parallel with the known evidence from studies of animal cells. Obtaining more knowledge in this domain might open up new perspectives for future crop protection and the improvement of food security.
Intestinal monocarboxylate transporter 1 mediates lactate transport in the gut and regulates metabolic homeostasis of mouse in a sex-dimorphic pattern
Authors: Wang Shuo , Zhang Lingling , Zhao Jingyu , Bai Meijuan , Lin Yijun , Chu Qianqian , Gong Jue , Qiu Ju , Chen Yan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), encoded by gene Slc16a1, is a proton-coupled transporter for lactate and other monocarboxylates. MCT1-mediated lactate transport was recently found to regulate various biological functions. However, how MCT1 and lactate in the intestine modulate the physiology and pathophysiology of the body is unclear. In this study, we generated a mouse model with specific deletion of Slc16a1 in the intestinal epithelium (Slc16a1IKO mice) and investigated the functions of MCT1 in the gut. When fed a high-fat diet, Slc16a1IKO male mice had improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, while Slc16a1IKO female mice only had increased adiposity. Deficiency of intestinal MCT1 in male mice was associated with downregulation of pro-inflammatory pathways, together with decreased circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). Lactate had a stimulatory effect on pro-inflammatory macrophages in vitro. The number of intestinal macrophages was reduced in Slc16a1IKO male mice in vivo. Intestinal deletion of Slc16a1 in male mice reduced interstitial lactate level in the intestine. In addition, treatment of male mice with estrogen lowered interstitial lactate level in the intestine and abolished the difference in glucose homeostasis between Slc16a1IKO and wild-type mice. Deficiency of intestinal MCT1 also blocked the transport of lactate and short-chain fatty acids from the intestine to the portal vein. The effect of Slc16a1 deletion on glucose homeostasis in male mice was partly mediated by alterations in gut microbiota. In conclusion, our work reveals that intestinal MCT1 regulates glucose homeostasis in a sex-dependent manner.
Three-dimensional Element-by-element Surface Topography Reconstruction of Compound Samples Using Multisegment Silicon Drift Detectors
Authors: Gholami Hatam Ebrahim , Pelicon Primož , Punzón-Quijorna Esther , Kelemen Mitja , Vavpetič Primož 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Elemental surface topography information in microscopic material characterization contributes to a better understanding of surfaces, interfaces, substrates, and their applications. Here, a general approach based on microbeam proton-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE) to reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) elemental surface topography using the annular multisegment silicon drift detector has been demonstrated. The proposed method includes four main steps: acquiring four two-dimensional elemental concentration maps using the multichannel spectrometer, reconstructing the local inclination angle from the atomic model of ion–matter interaction, calculating the two independent topography gradient components, and numerical surface topography integration. In this study, the general algorithm to obtain the gradient components has been successfully tested on a four-segment configuration to reconstruct the 3D surface topography of compound alloys with different microstructure scales. In synchrotron and accelerator facilities dealing with elemental X-ray mapping where the development of customized multisegment detectors is needed, the introduced method is applicable to elemental surface/interface roughness reconstruction in microscale for cultural heritage samples, fusion plasma-facing materials, and microelectronic devices.
Fusariosis in Mexico: A 10-year retrospective series
Authors: Barragán-Reyes Armando , Jácome Luis Esaú López , Perales-Martínez Diana , Nava-Ruiz Alejandra , Hernández María de Lourdes García , Cornejo-Juárez Patricia , Rincón-Zuno Joaquín , Camacho Adrián , Cendejas Rafael Franco , Guzmán José M Feliciano , Rivera-Martínez Norma E , Ontañón-Zurita Diego , Reséndiz-Sánchez Jesús , Juárez-Hernández Eva , Aguilar-Zapata Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Fusarium species represent an opportunistic fungal pathogen. The data in Mexico about Fusarium infections in humans are scarce. Here, we present a retrospective series of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of fusariosis in eight different hospitals in Mexico from January 2010 to December 2019. The diagnosis of proven fusariosis was made according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium (EORT/MSG) criteria. A total of 49 cases were identified in our series. Most patients had burn injuries (49%), and 37% had hematological malignancies. Most patients had fire injuries (40%), followed by electric injuries (8%), febrile neutropenia (10%), and pancytopenia (6%). Patients had skin and soft tissue involvement in 49%, followed by blood culture isolation and biopsies from different sites of the body (lung, sinuses, bone tissue, and eyes). Febrile neutropenia (10%) and fungemia (8%) were the most common clinical syndromes in immunosuppressed patients. Most patients received monotherapy (67%), where voriconazole was used in 30% of the cases, followed by conventional amphotericin B (16%), and lipidic formulations of amphotericin B in 10% (either liposomal amphotericin B or amphotericin B lipid complex). Combination therapy was used in 20% of the cases, and the most common combination therapy was triazole plus any lipidic formulation of amphotericin B (10%). Mortality related to Fusarium infection occurred in 22% of patients. Fusariosis is a serious threat. Burn injuries and hematologic malignancies represent the most common causes of infection in this small series from Mexico.