bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rise of Interstate Forum Shopping
Authors: Purcell Edward A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
From early in the nation ‘s history Americans recognized the opportunities that the geographical breadth and federal structure of the United States offered to the bold and imaginative. In the years after the Civil War national corporations began methodically to utilize those opportunities, and the uses they made of diversity jurisdiction exemplified some of the advantages that the enterprising could create from the materials of geography and federalism.1 Individuals who sued national corporations, and more particularly the plaintiffs ‘ personal injury bar, eventually proved no exception.
Disintegration
Authors: Purcell Edward A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The system of corporate diversity litigation, shrunken though still operative in the 1930s, disintegrated in the decade after 1937. Year by year the automobile and then the airplane continued steadily to lighten the burden of distance while the federal courts maintained their ability to minimize the burden of delay. As the turmoil of depression and war disrupted the established order, the New Deal effectively transformed the political and social values of the federal judiciary. The Supreme Court, altered profoundly after 1937 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt ‘s new appointments, restructured American constitutional law, expanded the power of government to regulate the economy, and began to view labor and minorities with greater sympathy. By the late 1940s the national courts no longer seemed the special protectors of corporate interests, and in increasing numbers of cases individual plaintiffs began to regard them as desirable forums.
The Politics of Reaction (1603-1659)
Authors: Sommerville C John 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
When Elizabeth succeeded her sister Mary in 1558 Roman Catholic ambassadors in England reported their disgust at the blasphemously antipapal pageants of her coronation. They rightly sensed that this reign would be hard on religion as they knew it. What they could not foresee was that extreme Protestants would also be offended. The secularity of Elizabeth’s reign was so pronounced as to be sobering, and generated attempts at resacralizing the state and society. The irony of these attempts, by Arminian and Puritan alike, is that they would hasten the secularizing trends we have already noticed.
The Secularization of Personhood and Association
Authors: Sommerville C John 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
After the Reformation English society had no place for saints, pilgrims, beggars, kinfolk in purgatory, or monks or friars or nuns or hermits―or even priests, in anything like the old sense. English society was greatly simplified when these roles disappeared. On the other hand, the individual soul became more complex. Religious salvation itself changed from a collective to a more individual matter: conservative clerics in Henry VIII’s time had thought of society as existing within the circle of God’s grace, being preserved from error and perdition; Reformers may be defined as those who thought that society had fallen into error and needed to be brought into line with God’s law, especially through the spiritual transformation of its members. The triumph of the latter view involved the secularization of all the bonds that united English men and women.
Antecedents, Causes, and Conclusions
Authors: Sommerville C John 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Perceptive historians have puzzled over how the seventeenth century could wit ness the simultaneous “intensification of both religiosity and secularism. “It has made them wonder about the assumption of a law “of the conservation of historical energy” whereby an increase in a secular direction is necessarily compensated by a decrease in some religious direction.2 This is less of a mystery if one thinks of secularization as affecting institutions and culture until 1700, and actually encouraging religious faith by way of a reaction.
The Image of Peter the Great In Russia in the Age of Realism and Scholarship, 1860-1917
Authors: Riasanovsky Nicholas V 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Romanticism followed Enlightenment; realism replaced Romanticism. The second transformation, like the first, encompassed the entire Western civilization and cannot be understood in exclusively Russian terms. Yet Russia participated in full-some would even argue in an exaggerated manner-in the general change. The new intellectual climate fostered utilitarianism, pragmatism, positivism, materialism, an emphasis on science and scholarship, in particular on the social sciences. In Russia, as elsewhere, professors and other erudites succeeded eighteenth-century litterateurs and the philosophizing ideologues of the first half of the nineteenth century as the central spokesmen of the age. History and historical figures became above all the province of academic historians.
Introduction
Authors: Stein Donald G , Brailowsky Simon , Will Bruno 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Imagine what it would be like to wake up one morning and not be able to read this sentence, or to remember your name, or to hold a cup of coffee. Try to imagine looking at a familiar object and not being able to know what it is, or to know exactly what it is, but not be able to speak its name. Situations like this happen to millions of people who suffer from stroke or accidental brain damage. In the United States alone, 2 million people each year have serious accidents that cause brain damage. Thousands of patients will die from such accidents, but many more will survive to face a very different life. Unfortunately, there is little that can now be done to help the victims of brain damage or, for that matter, any of the other kinds of diseases that afflict the brain and spinal cord. Dr. Murray Goldstein, former director of the National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, has called this situation a “silent epidemic” which costs U.S. taxpayers close to $25 billion each year in long-term care and patient management.
Age and Recovery: Is There a Difference Between Brain Damage That Occurs Early and Late in Life?
Authors: Stein Donald G , Brailowsky Simon , Will Bruno 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There is a general belief in developmental neuropsychology that patients who have had brain damage in early life often escape the severe behavioral deficits that accompany similar types of injury at maturity. Many neuropsychologists believe that recuperation from the effects of cortical injury is more complete when damage occurs during infancy than during adulthood. Hans-Lucas Teuber, an eminent neuropsychologist, expressed this notion more directly when he wrote: “If I’m going to have brain damage, I’d best have it early rather than late in life.”1 There are a number of documented examples in the clinical literature of children who, because they had uncontrollable seizures, have had surgical removals of the entire left hemisphere of the brain before seven years of age. But many of these children have gone on to develop quite normal cognitive and language skills, and were rated average in school performance and activities of everyday life.
Myths and Realities of the Harem
Authors: Peirce Leslie P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We in the West are heir to an ancient but still robust tradition of obsession with the sexuality of Islamic society. The harem is undoubtedly the most prevalent symbol in Western myths constructed around the theme of Muslim sensuality. One of the most fertile periods for the production of texts and images treating this theme was the late sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries, and the most frequent subject the court of the Ottoman sultan. Pre occupied with its own forms of monarchical absolutism, Europe elaborated a myth of oriental tyranny and located its essence in the sultan’s harem. Orgiastic sex became a metaphor for power corrupted (Figure 1-1).1
Shifting Images Of Ottoman Sovereignty
Authors: Peirce Leslie P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Ottomans created a political culture that drew on the multiplicity of options available in the early modern Islamic world. The unparalleled longevity of the Ottoman dynasty among Islamic dynasties was in part the result of its ability to accommodate and manipulate different political traditions, different concepts of sovereignty, and different bases of legitimation. This process did not end with the establishment in the early sixteenth century of the Ottoman state as the dominant Islamic power and a major world empire. Indeed, the process of adjustment to these new circumstances-in particular, the expectations generated by Ottoman preeminence-presented the dynasty with a challenge it had not previously encountered.
Wyndham Lewis: L’Entre Deux Guerres
Authors: Sherry Vincent 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
To purge “the bad effects of English education,” Wyndham Lewis set out in 1902, at the age of nineteen, to finish his schooling on continental ground. For six years he followed his instincts along the Franco-German axis we traced in the first chapter. In Munich (1902), he briefly entered a sphere already shaping the debates between the proponents of empathy and abstraction, Theodor Lipps and Wilhelm Worringer most prominently. He would return to the city for six months in 1906, two years before the publication of Worringer’s Abstraktion und Einfühlung. Yet the richest intellectual environment would prove to be Paris, where he arrived in 1903 and lived for most of the next five years. A singular, fiercely solitary figure, he moved on the distant fringes of Gertrude Stein’s circles. He attended the lectures of Henri Bergson at the College de France, including the sequence on comedy. Passing through the meetings of the ultraconservative Action Francaise, where he met Charles Maurras, he became “familiar,” his biographer Jeffrey Meyers avers, “with the work of contemporary French thinkers: Georges Sorel, Julien Benda, Charles Peguy, and Remy de Gourmont.”
George Rosen and the History of Mental Illness
Authors: Morman Edward T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Between 1936 and the end of his life, George Rosen published almost three dozen articles on subjects relating to the history of psychiatry.2 His concentrated work in this area, however, dates only from the late 1950s, by which time he was already among the United States’ leading historians of medicine. Rosen was not particularly concerned with psychiatry as a body of theory, an aspect of medical practice, or a professional specialty; nor was the development of mental health services a central focus of his research. He was drawn, rather, to the history of irrational behavior, the etiology of mental illness, and the evolution of attitudes toward the mentally ill. His one essay on Sigmund Freud was very much a diversion, and his discussion of somatic factors in mental disease resolved itself into a means of dealing with some evident counterinstances to his argument that mental illness is culturally generated.
“A Whole Climate of Opinion”: Rewriting the History of Psychoanalysis
Authors: Forrester John 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
If Auden’s diagnosis is accurate, writing the history of psychoanalysis is rather like writing the history of twentieth-century cultural weather: Its presence is so constant and pervasive that escaping its influence is out of the question. And precisely because of its inescapable character, it cannot be isolated from the myriad striking events that can more straightforwardly be singled out as part of the histories of science, of medicalization, of great ideas, of cultural movements, of modernization, of all the other movements to which it might apparently belong. Freud, it seems, is like electric light—the twentieth century is unthinkable without it, but not many histories of the twentieth century pause to evoke the customary and natural darkness of all previous generations dispelled forever by light bulbs, car headlights, flashing neon tubes, and the nighttime flicker of movie and TV screens. There is, of course, a history of electricity in which names such as Maxwell and Edison figure prominently; but theirs is not the only history of electricity, nor is it the most important history. Likewise, there are histories of psychoanalysis where it belongs alongside radiotherapy and hypnosis, alongside energetics and the advent of causal medicine, alongside brain anatomy and the history of linguistics, alongside Durkheirnian sociology and intelligence testing; but these assembled together do not make up the most important history.
“Le geste de Pinel”: The History of a Psychiatric Myth
Authors: Weiner Dora B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The French do not know the founder of psychiatry in their own country. All that most textbooks tell us about Philippe Pinel (1745–1826) is that he was the first to liberate the insane from their chains, at Bicetre Hospice in Paris at the height of the French Revolution. Yet recent scholarship and documentary evidence definitively discredit that legend, known in France as “Pinel’s gesture.” The facts do not support it, yet the legend persists. It has a life of its own because, like all fairytales, it hides a deeper meaning. This chapter explores the reasons why a crudely manufactured myth has overshadowed Pinel’ s innovative and creative achievement, leading one of the foremost French historians of psychiatry of our own age to announce a new attitude when he writes: “Our generation has stopped adoring [Pinel] and has begun to read him.”1
German Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychoanalysis during the Nazi Period: Historiographical Reflections
Authors: Cocks Geoffrey 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In 1949 Alexander Mitscherlich, a lecturer in psychiatry, and Fred Mielke, a medical student, published Wissenschaft ohne Menschlichkeit, a book for a research commission formed by the West German Physicians Chambers that documented the recent “doctors’ trial” at Nuremberg. The foreword, by the members of the working group that sent the commission to Nuremberg, observed that of the 90,000 doctors active in wartime Germany, only about 350 had committed medical crimes. This observation was echoed by Mitscherlich and Mielke in the preface, but at the same time they pointed to a larger moral crisis among German doctors as a whole.1 That this book was largely ignored by the medical profession in Germany indicates the tensions and disagreements existing among physicians regarding their profession’s conduct under Hitler.2
History and Anti-Psychiatry in France
Authors: Postel Jacques , Allen David F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There is a fundamental gap between what is expressed and what is understood, between the signifier and the signified, the “map” and the “terrain.” This already complex situation is further complicated by the importing, exporting, and juxtapositioning of ideas. Imported ideas tend to be retranslated during their absorption into the previous historical totality of ideas and praxis. The sociologist and historian S. P. Fullinwider remarked that Americans were Jacksonian first and Freudian second: Freud was rewritten in the United States so as to be translatable—usable—within the American context. The same occurred in France with “anti-psychiatry.”
Letter to Peter Eisenman
Authors: Derrida Jacques 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
I am simultaneously sending this letter, with the cassette that accompanies it, to Hillis, who is to talk with us during the anticipated meeting. As he will also “moderate” and lead it, but for other reasons as well, Hillis is therefore, along with you, the first addressee of these questions. He understands the labyrinth better than anyone else, as we all know. And what I’ m going to say to you probably will reverberate in a sort of labyrinth. I am entrusting to the recording of the voice or letter that which is not yet visible to me and cannot guide my steps toward an end/exit, and can barely guide them toward an issue. I’ m not even sure myself if what I’ m sending you holds up. But that is perhaps by design, and related to precisely what I plan to speak to you about. In any case, I very much regret having to deprive myself of this meeting with you, the two of you, all of you.
Now don’ t worry, I’ m not going to argue with you. And I’ m not going to take advantage of my absence, not even to tell you that you perhaps believe in it, absence, too much.
Introduction: Critical and Artistic Conventions
Authors: Phelps Barton 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
LONG AGO, when we set out the program for this symposium, it was entitled "Convention." At that time, we were to deal with what seemed to us very clear issues of convention in architectural practice. Things have changed a bit since then. Convention means the use of conventional elements in architectural composition-building forms, arrangements, materials-that carry with them some generally understood significance. To that, we need to add the idea of artistic convention-that is to say, ways of working, means of expression, how architects actually produce what they produce. Those means have remained beneath the surface of many discussions without ever having been really addressed. We should also include the idea of critical convention-that is, ways of responding to the things that we see.
Terragni, Conventions, and the Critics
Authors: Ghirardo Diane 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There Are Two principal and related aspects of critical conventionalism that I plan to examine. One regarding the practice of architecture, and the second the practice of criticism. I understand convention as a customary practice or pattern of usage with its own rules and internal logic. In architecture, conventions very often derive from building types or combinations of building types, but they also engage most aspects of design and building, including fabrication, the deployment and treatment of materials, ornamentation, and the disposition of spaces. By contrast to this notion of conventions, Alois Riegl recognized the existence of a canon, or set of practices vested with a universal authority, that dominated architectural and artistic practice from the Renaissance until the nineteenth century.1
Power of Ads to Shape News
Authors: Jamieson Kathleen Hall 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In October 1980 Citizens’ Party candidate Barry Commoner, who would garner a quarter of a million votes in the general election, bought air time for a radio commercial that opened with the word “Bullshit!” As the ad itself admitted, it had used that word to secure news coverage for a campaign that had been ignored by the press. ABC complied (October 15, 1980). CBS and NBC ignored the ad. By getting access to ABC network news time, Commoner’s ad producer Bill Zimmerman parlayed a $5000 radio buy into free television attention previously denied that campaign. But the coverage ABC gave the ad was hardly a producer’s dream. Throughout, Susan King, the network reporter, uses every available moment to convey her personal distaste and that of the network for the ad.
Two Cultures and the Battle by the Books
Authors: Tichi Cecelia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Anyone who remembers the popular CBS television quiz program, What’s My Line?, which aired between 1950 and 1967, will grasp the irony in the first above-quoted statement. Its author, Bennett Cerf, a writer and editor for the Random House publishing firm, became a national television celebrity on that program, in which panelists prominent in the arts and show business tried guessing a contestant’s occupation. Seen weekly on television by millions, Cerf became very much involved in the world he initially dismissed for its ridiculous sounding commercial products and pugilistic nobodies.
Native Knowledge
Authors: Doreski C K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The world of the adult, even more than that of the child, is beguiling but unsettlingly diverse. Though most comfortable generating poetry from domestic images of her childhood, Bishop, like other perceptive people, was drawn to subjects, images of people and landscapes, language, and themes best defined by their otherness. How she explores this material, and the problem of why her poetry about African-American and Brazilian folk life compares poorly to her portraits of North American ancestral provincials are the issues of this chapter. From the perspective of her mastery of the conventions of English-language poetry, Bishop re-invents herself in an alien context. Working from romantic-modern traditions and expectations established by Wordsworth, Emerson, Hopkins, Williams, and Frost, including the re-invigoration of the pastoral mode, she attempts to advance her grasp of dailiness to illustrate, if not penetrate, aspects of culture from which she remains emotionally estranged. She juxtaposes familiar cultural images and constructs with those of the exotic cultures of Key West and Brazil, and, in the process, generates tropes of self-realization in which she herself becomes “more truly and more strange.” She becomes an “experience-distant” fieldworker attempting to illuminate what Clifford Geertz has called “concepts that, for another people, are experience-near.”
Hypertext: Constructing Cyberspace
Authors: Katsh M Ethan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There is no Final Word. There can be no final version, no last thought. There is always a new view, a new idea, a reinterpretation. And literature, which we propose to electronify, is a system for preserving continuity in the face of this fact Remember the analogy between text and water. Water flows freely, ice does not. The free-flowing live documents on the network are subject to constant new use and linkage, and those new links become interactively available. Theodor Nelson This book began with some observations about the seamless web, a figure of speech that has often been associated with law. I suggested that the unity and consistency that the metaphor implies probably has never fit the law very well and that there has been increasing recognition of its inappropriateness in recent years. The seamless web assumes that all of the various elements of law share many interests, goals, approaches, practices, ways of thinking, and ways of acting. It conceives of law more as a single large territory with a high and clearly defined external boundary than as being many territories with many internal boundaries. Those who have considered the metaphor of the seamless web in recent years have pointed out that whatever its validity in the past, the direction of change has been toward increased fragmentation of the profession, of decision making that is not guided by general principles, and even of less agreement or consensus over what a lawyer is or does.
Historical Notes on Infectious Disease
Authors: Lambert Harold P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The observation that some illnesses seem to spread through populations and that those who recover may no longer be susceptible must be as old as human communities. The idea that such illnesses might be spread by minute living creatures, the concept of a “contagium vivum,” was formulated by a number of thinkers, most notably by a Veronese physician, Frascatoro. Writing in 1546, he explicitly distinguished between contagion by direct contact, by infected material, and at a distance.
Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases in Health Care Facilities
Authors: Chang Huan J , Jarvis William R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Nosocomial infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, annually affecting over 2 million patients at an estimated cost of $4.5 billion in 1992 dollars. Health care facilities present a unique set of conditions for interaction of pathogens with patients, for at least four reasons. First, many hospitalized patients already are uniquely susceptible to infection owing to their underlying medical conditions or therapeutic maneuvers.