bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A grey‐box model describing the hydraulics in a creek
Authors: Jónsdóttir Harpa , Jacobsen Judith L. , Madsen Henrik 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Saint‐Venant equation of mass balance is used here to derive a stochastic lumped model describing the dynamics of the flow in a river. The flow dynamics are described by the evolution of the cross‐sectional area of the flow at two locations in the river. The unknown parameters of the model are estimated by combining the physical equations with a set of data. This method is known as grey‐box modelling. The data consist of water level measurements, taken every minute at two locations in a river, over a period of nine days. The data are sub‐sampled to a sampling period of 15 minutes before further processing, and a maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the parameters of the model.Three different models were applied to the data set. All three are linear reservoir models with an estimate of the dynamic lateral inflow as a function of precipitation. The first model is a single reservoir model, which proved to be too simple to adequately describe the effect of precipitation. The second model is also a single reservoir model, but the data from the downstream station were translated forward in time, corresponding to a time delay in the system (a retention time). This model responds in a physically reasonable manner to precipitation, capturing very well the flow peaks caused by rain events. The third model is based on two reservoirs, and like the second model, it responds reasonably to precipitation. Its description of the dynamics seems quite good, though it does not capture the flow peaks quite as well as the second model. However, it is shown, that this model statistically provides the best description of the system. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of two fixed‐area (quadrat) sampling estimators in ecological surveys
Authors: Williams Michael S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMany ecological surveys are conducted to collect information about organisms and environmental conditions dispersed across a continuous surface. In most situations, there is no natural division of the population into a finite collection of sampling units. Therefore, the sample is determined by randomly locating a series of m plots within the boundaries of the population and collecting information about one or more attributes that fall within the plots. These plots are usually referred to as fixed‐area plots in the forestry and sample survey literature and quadrats in the ecological literature. One method for determining the total number of organisms is to view the population as the realization of a point process and estimate the intensity, λ, which is the number of points per unit area. Then the estimator of the total number of organisms is given by $\hat{\lambda} |A|$, where $|A|$ is the area over which the organisms are dispersed. For the m plots there are two distinctly different estimators for $\hat{\lambda}$, which are the ratio‐of‐means and mean‐of‐ratios estimators. This article compares these estimators and gives the most basic conditions under which the estimator is expected to be model‐unbiased. It also shows that both estimators can exhibit very large biases when the population is subject to an edge‐effect, which is when conditions along the boundary of the population differ from those found in the interior. The ratio‐of‐means estimator also suffers from a poorly performing variance estimator, which required sample sizes of nearly 100 plots before the estimator was nearly unbiased regardless of the plot size. Results for these estimators are derived and the effects of plot size and the spatial arrangement of the population are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental power analysis – a new perspective
Authors: Fox David R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPower analysis and sample‐size determination are related tools that have recently gained popularity in the environmental sciences. Their indiscriminate application, however, can lead to wildly misleading results. This is particularly true in environmental monitoring and assessment, where the quality and nature of data is such that the implicit assumptions underpinning power and sample‐size calculations are difficult to justify. When the assumptions are reasonably met these statistical techniques provide researchers with an important capability for the allocation of scarce and expensive resources to detect putative impact or change. Conventional analyses are predicated on a general linear model and normal distribution theory with statistical tests of environmental impact couched in terms of changes in a population mean. While these are ‘optimal’ statistical tests (uniformly most powerful), they nevertheless pose considerable practical difficulties for the researcher. Compounding this difficulty is the subsequent analysis of the data and the impost of a decision framework that commences with an assumption of ‘no effect’. This assumption is only discarded when the sample data indicate demonstrable evidence to the contrary. The alternative (‘green’) view is that any anthropogenic activity has an impact on the environment and therefore a more realistic initial position is to assume that the environment is already impacted. In this article we examine these issues and provide a re‐formulation of conventional mean‐based hypotheses in terms of population percentiles. Prior information or belief concerning the probability of exceeding a criterion is incorporated into the power analysis using a Bayesian approach. Finally, a new statistic is introduced which attempts to balance the overall power regardless of the decision framework adopted. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Random perturbation methods applied to multivariate spatial sampling design
Authors: Angulo J. M. , Bueso M. C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe problem of estimating a multivariate spatial random process from observations obtained by sampling a related multivariate spatial random process is considered. A method based on additive perturbation of the variables of interest is proposed for the assignment of degrees of relative importance to the variables and/or locations of interest in the design of sampling strategies. In the case where the variables involved have a multivariate Gaussian distribution, some theoretical results are provided to justify the method proposed; in particular, it is proved that the amount of information contained in the data on the perturbed variables of interest is never higher than that contained in the original variables of interest. These results and the application of the method are illustrated with an empirical study, showing the variation of the effects of perturbation on spatial sampling design configurations and related ratios of information for different degrees of dependence according to the model specifications. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A base isolation system for bridges subjected to seismic disturbances
Authors: Kaplan H. , Seireg A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe study reported in this paper investigates the feasibility of developing an active base isolation system for the protection of bridges subjected to earthquakes. The proposed system incorporates spherical supports, cams and springs which can be optimally designed to minimize the transmissibility of the seismic disturbances to the bridge. The considered example shows that the proposed design is implementable and can provide an order of magnitude reduction in the maximum stress resulting from seismic waves acting on the bridge in the transverse or longitudinal direction.Since the system performance is highly dependent on the rapid unlocking of the cams in the event of a seismic disturbance, careful consideration should be given to the design of a reliable cam release control. This can be achieved by spring loading each cam such that it would be normally unlocked. A hydraulic actuator would be used to force it to rotate to the locking position under fluid pressure which would be constantly maintained at the design level during normal conditions. The actuator would be equipped with a quick response release valve for rapidly releasing the pressure and consequently unlocking the cam as soon as an earthquake is detected. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk for binge eating in a nonclinical Swedish adolescent sample: a repeated measure study
Authors: Engström I. , Norring C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this study, the population ‘at risk’ for binge eating in late adolescents was estimated. The stability over time was studied by repeated measures. The EDI and a number of sociodemographic questions were administered to students in the last grade of secondary school in five Swedish cities in 1993 (n = 3855) and 1998 (n = 2925). Of the girls 3–4 per cent and 1–2 per cent of boys were found to be ‘at risk’ for binge eating with no change over time. An association was found between this risk and certain sociodemographic factors (living alone, moving away from home early, and experience of bullying). No differences were found between cities of different size. A considerable proportion of adolescents were thus found to exhibit attitudes and behaviour connected with binge eating. They may be considered as being ‘at risk’ for developing a clinical bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder. This proportion seems to be fairly stable over time. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
HOMA‐modelling of insulin sensitivity and β‐cell function in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Hermans Michel P. , Lambert Michel J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn order to assess insulin sensitivity (IS) and β‐cell function (B) in anorexia nervosa (AN) we measured fasting plasma glucose (FPG), immunoreactive insulin and C‐peptide levels in 33 consecutive subjects with AN for modelling with Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA). Mean (± 1 SD) fasting glucose and insulin levels were 71 ± 10 mg dl−1 and 7.3 ± 2.8 μU ml−1respectively. Median IS and B (% normal) were 143 (percentile 25–75: 95–194) and 127 (102–157). When subjects were stratified according to median IS, those with high insulin sensitivity were of similar age, AN duration, weight, BMI, and body composition to those with normal IS. However, FPG was significantly lower in the higher insulin sensitivity subgroup (67 ± 11 versus 75 ± 7 mg dl−1; p < 0.03), and two patients presented with symptomatic hypoglycaemia. We conclude that patients with AN exhibit a trend toward increased IS, which is not associated with any specific clinical characteristic. In the whole cohort, B was either normal or moderately increased. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
On‐site analysis of World War II cylinders and barrels with unknown contents
Authors: Davoli Enrico , Cappellini Luigi , Fanelli Roberto , Bonsignore Michele , Gavinelli Marco 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn on‐site approach is presented to solve an analytical problem that had potential hazards. Some barrels and one cylinder, with unknown contents, were found underground. There were reasons to suspect that they might hold chemical warfare (CW) agents, but neither the class of compounds nor their physical state (solid, liquid, or gas) was known. Their conditions did not allow transport to a laboratory. It was decided to install an on‐site, direct sampling system so as to minimize sample handling risks, and to use mass spectrometry to analyze the vapors inside the barrels. A small commercial bench‐top quadrupole was adapted to sample the gas phase directly, possibly at high pressure. The whole system allowed the operators to open the barrels and the cylinder and to analyze and dispose of the contents safely, on‐site. Mass spectra indicated that most of the containers were empty, a few contained water and hydrocarbons, and one had phosgene gas. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 5: 313–319, 2001; DOI 10.1002/fact.10009
Risk assessment of a timber frame building by using CRISP simulation
Authors: Björkman Jouni , Mikkola Esko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe fire risk assessment model CRISP2 was applied to a 4‐storey apartment building. The case building was an actual 4‐storey timber‐framed building. Partly predetermined design alternatives were used in sequential simulations. CRISP2 cannot take into account the frame‐material of the building in a satisfactory way, because the wall thickness, structural fire resistance or lining materials in the fire room cannot be modelled. It was found that adding smoke alarms almost halved the risk level. The risk levels 1–2×10−5 obtained are not far from comparable levels of fire death statistics from Finland, the United Kingdom, Sweden and Norway. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and odour characteristics of new derivatives from the carane system
Authors: Lochyński Stanisław , Kowalska Katarzyna , Wawrzeńczyk Czesław 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStarting from (+)‐3‐carene, nine new odoriferous derivatives were obtained. In comparison with (+)‐3‐carene, compounds synthesized contain at C‐10 substituents such as methylcarbethoxy, 2‐hydroxyethyl and 2‐acetoxyethyl. The (+)‐3‐carenyl‐10‐acetaldehyde (10) and its acyclic and cyclic acetals were also synthesized. The odour characteristics of compounds obtained are presented. Some of them possess interesting and valuable odours; that of (+)‐2‐(3‐caren‐10‐yl)ethanol (8) is described as fruity‐floral with marked grapefruit note, whereas the odour of its acetate (9) is described as smoke‐woody with cured bacon note. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transition from vortex to wall driven turbulence production in the Taylor–Couette system with a rotating inner cylinder
Authors: Batten W. M. J. , Bressloff N. W. , Turnock S. R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAxisymmetrically stable turbulent Taylor vortices between two concentric cylinders are studied with respect to the transition from vortex to wall driven turbulent production. The outer cylinder is stationary and the inner cylinder rotates. A low Reynolds number turbulence model using the k‐ω formulation, facilitates an analysis of the velocity gradients in the Taylor–Couette flow. For a fixed inner radius, three radius ratios 0.734, 0.941 and 0.985 are employed to identify the Reynolds number range at which this transition occurs. At relatively low Reynolds numbers, turbulent production is shown to be dominated by the outflowing boundary of the Taylor vortex. As the Reynolds number increases, shear driven turbulence (due to the rotating cylinder) becomes the dominating factor. For relatively small gaps turbulent flow is shown to occur at Taylor numbers lower than previously reported. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Valuation of Options with Restrictions on Preferences and Distributions
Authors: Câmara António 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article develops a discrete‐time, risk‐neutral valuation relation (RNVR) for the
pricing of contingent claims when preferences in the economy are characterized by decreasing absolute risk
aversion and the marginal distribution of the underlying is an inverse coshnormal. The RNVR is applied to obtain
closed‐form expressions for calls and puts written on nondividend‐paying stocks, futures
contracts, foreign currencies, and dividend‐paying stocks. Such pricing equations contain two parameters,
the threshold and rescale parameters, not contained in the Black–Scholes valuation equation.
Inverse‐coshnormal option values make the approach look interesting. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons,
Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 21:1091–1117, 2001
The intra‐day price discovery process between the Singapore Exchange and Taiwan Futures Exchange
Authors: Roope Matthew , Zurbruegg Ralf 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper focuses on the increasing competition between exchanges for listing similar index futures contracts
and the impact this has on information dissemination between various markets. Specifically, using both the
Hasbrouck and Gonzalo–Granger methodologies for extracting the information content held in each market, a
comparison of information efficiencies between the Singapore Exchange and the Taiwan Futures Exchange is examined
for Taiwan Index Futures listed in both markets. The results show not only a common stochastic trend between
index futures and their underlying indices, but also provide strong evidence to suggest price discovery primarily
originates from the Singapore futures market. There are direct implications of this result for both financial
exchanges and traders—in particular, that traders realize price determination can arise from both futures
markets, and the need for exchanges to maintain a reputation as an information center for these similarly traded
financial instruments. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 22: 219–240, 2002
Suppression of the tumorigenic phenotype by chromosome 18 transfer into pancreatic cancer cell lines
Authors: Lefter Liviu P. , Furukawa Toru , Sunamura Makoto , Duda Dan G. , Takeda Kazunori , Kotobuki Noriko , Oshimura Mitsuo , Matsuno Seiki , Horii Akira 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA number of lines of evidence have suggested that the long arm of chromosome 18 apart from SMAD4 may carry a tumor‐suppressor gene(s) that plays a role in the early stage of pancreatic ductal carcinogenesis. Thus, adenovirus‐mediated introduction of SMAD4 does not suppress in vitro growth in cells with completely inactivated SMAD4, and frequent loss of 18q at the SMAD4 locus is observed in pancreatic cancers but no abnormalities of the normal SMAD4 homolog have been detected. In this study, we introduced a normal copy of chromosome 18 into some pancreatic ductal carcinoma cells with and without a complete inactivation of SMAD4. Both anchorage‐dependent and ‐independent proliferation as well as invasiveness were significantly suppressed in the hybrid clones compared with that of their parental cells. Moreover, significant suppression of tumorigenesis was observed after inoculation in nude mice, irrespective of the SMAD4 status. Our present study provides the first functional evidence of the existence of an additional tumor‐suppressor gene(s), other than SMAD4 and DCC, that is responsible for the pathogenesis in the early stage of pancreatic ductal carcinogenesis.
Defining the region(s) of deletion at 6q16–q22 in human prostate cancer
Authors: Hyytinen Eija‐Riitta , Saadut Rega , Chen Ceshi , Paull Lindsay , Koivisto Pasi A. , Vessella Robert L. , Frierson Henry F. , Dong Jin‐Tang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDeletion of the long arm of chromosome 6 (6q) frequently occurs in many neoplasms, including carcinomas of the prostate and breast and melanoma, suggesting the location of a tumor‐suppressor gene or genes at 6q. At present, however, the region of deletion has not been well defined, and the target gene of deletion remains to be identified. In this study, we analyzed 44 primary prostate cancers with 16 polymorphic markers for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) by using PCR‐based techniques. We also examined 23 cell lines/xenografts of prostate cancer with 38 markers for LOH by the method of homozygosity mapping of deletion. LOH at 6q16–q22 was detected in 21 of 44 (48%) primary tumors and in 12 of 23 (52%) cell lines/xenografts. Two regions of LOH were defined. One was 7.5 cM at 6q16–q21 between markers D6S1716 and D6S1580, and the other was 4.3 cM at 6q22 between D6S261 and D6S1702. Whereas no correlation was found between LOH at 6q16–q22 and patient age at diagnosis or Gleason score, tumors at higher stage appear to have more frequent LOH. These findings suggest that deletion of 6q16–q22 is a frequent event in prostate cancer, and that the deletion originates from two distinct regions. These results should be useful in identifying the target gene(s) of deletion at 6q. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Uncovering novel inter‐ and intrachromosomal chromosome 1 aberrations in follicular lymphomas by using an innovative multicolor banding technique
Authors: Lestou Valia S. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Salski Chris , Connors Joseph M. , Horsman Douglas E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFollicular lymphoma (FL) is characterized by t(14;18)(q32;q21), which is the initial genetic perturbation in this disease. Additional genetic mutations are required to generate a fully malignant phenotype. Secondary chromosomal alterations seen in FL include prominent involvement of chromosome 1 in the form of balanced or unbalanced translocations, insertions, deletions, and duplications involving both the p and q arms. We investigated a diagnostically well defined set of 55 t(14;18)‐positive FL cases with complex karyotypes by means of multicolor karyotyping. Sixteen cases showed involvement of chromosome 1 and were analyzed in further detail by a novel multicolor banding technique for this chromosome. We defined three groups showing varying complexity of chromosome 1 alterations. The first group revealed simple translocations, such as t(1;2), t(1;6), t(1;8), and t(1;17), involving breakpoints on either the p or the q arm of chromosome 1. The second group showed more complex rearrangements with translocations, insertions, regional duplications, and involvement of more than one partner chromosome with either the p or the q arm of chromosome 1. The third group was defined by highly complex rearrangements involving translocations, regional duplications, amplifications, and intrachromosomal band relocations affecting the entire chromosome 1. All three groups shared interchromosomal rearrangements of chromosome 1 with chromosome 8, often involving the MYC protooncogene site, amplification involving region 1q21–q31, and deletion involving region 1p36. Thus, the use of sophisticated multicolor molecular cytogenetic assays in the investigation of malignant lymphoma allows precise characterization of chromosomal alterations and will provide a better understanding of their biology. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aberrant expression of cell‐cycle regulator cyclin D1 in breast cancer is related to chromosomal genomic instability
Authors: Lung Jia‐Chyi , Chu Jan‐Show , Yu Jyh‐Cherng , Yue Chung‐Tai , Lo Yen‐Li , Shen Chen‐Yang , Wu Cheng‐Wen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo account for the accumulation of genomic alterations required for tumor progression, it has been suggested that the genomes of cancer cells are unstable and that this instability results from defective mutators (the “mutator phenotype” theory). To examine the hypothesis that abnormal cell‐cycle regulators act as the mutators contributing to genomic instability, the present study, based on primary tumor tissues from 71 patients with breast cancer, was performed to determine whether there was an association between aberrant expression of cell‐cycle regulators (cyclin A, cyclin D1, cyclin E, RB1, p21, and p27) and chromosomal instability. Comparative genomic hybridization was used to measure chromosomal changes, reflecting genomic instability in individual tumors, whereas immunohistochemistry was used to detect aberrant expression of cell‐cycle regulators. Overexpression of cyclin D1 was found to be significantly correlated with increased chromosomal instability (defined as harboring more than 7 chromosomal changes), with 63% of tumors overexpressing and 27% of tumors not overexpressing, with cyclin D1 showing chromosomal instability (P < 0.05). Interestingly, this relationship was independent of cell outgrowth (as detected by the proliferation marker Ki‐67) and was particularly significant in tumors not expressing p27 or in tumors with detectable RB1. These results suggest that cyclin D1 plays an alternative role in the regulation of genomic stability. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.