bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-arthritic potential of crude sulfated polysaccharide from marine macroalgae Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agardh: Regulation of cytokine cascade
Authors: Ramamoorthi Lavanya , Jeyabalan Srikanth , Sankar Seethalakshmi , Begum M. Yasmin , Duraipandian Chamundeeswari , Sekar Mahendran , Wong Ling Shing , Subramaniyan Vetriselvan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Seaweeds have been utilized as food, fodder, fertilizer, and medicine since ancient times; nevertheless, they have received only a little attention. In the current work, we extracted the sulfated polysaccharide from a marine source and investigated its anti-arthritic potential in vivo. The isolated and freeze-dried polysaccharide was tested for acute oral toxicity based on OECD 423. This step was followed by investigations on clinical signs and gross pathological alterations seen. A complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis was used to test the in vivo activity in female Sprague–Dawley rats, which were divided into five groups: (1) normal control, (2) arthritic control, (3) methotrexate treatment (0.1 mg/kg), (4) crude sulfated polysaccharide (CSP) (5 mg/kg), and (5) CSP (10 mg/kg). CSP was from the marine brown algae Sargassum ilicifolium from the Gulf of Mannar. The body weight, paw volume, and biochemical markers (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, and C-reactive protein levels) were also measured for each group coupled with histopathological and immunohistochemistry studies. The acute toxicity investigation indicated that the lethal dose of 50% (LD50) of the polysaccharide was more than 2,000 mg/kg. In addition, animals from the methotrexate and CSP (5 mg/kg, p.o.) groups had a substantial reduction in paw volume compared to other treatment groups. Methotrexate and CSP treatment dramatically decreased the levels of the investigated marker enzymes. Histopathology revealed that low-dose CSP (5 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced the severity of synovitis, panniculitis, liver necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cortical and paracortical necrotic foci in node, compared to the high dose (10 mg/kg, p.o.). Immunohistochemical studies revealed that CSP (5 mg/kg) significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-2, and CD4 cells. Overall, it can be concluded that a low-dose CSP (5 mg/kg) is an efficient anti-arthritic agent that confers its effects via the cytokine pathway.
PSOP decomposition for EXOR-based synthesis
Authors: Bernasconi Anna , Ciriani Valentina , Cuciniello Gianmarco , Taheri Monfared Asma 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the classical CMOS technology, EXOR gates are considered expensive and impractical. Recently, the growing relevance of cryptography-related applications and emerging technologies has revived the interest in EXOR gates. In this contexts, it is therefore important to consider network representations that assume EXOR gates explicitly, since the non-EXOR gates have, in general, a higher cost than EXOR ones. As a result, the widely adopted And-Inverter Graph (AIG) logic networks, have recently evolved into the new XOR-AND Graph (XAG) multi-level logic representation, and the logic synthesis on XAGs mainly aims at reducing the number of AND nodes. In general, we call EXOR-based synthesis the synthesis methods that minimize the non-EXOR gates in a Boolean circuit. Projected Sum Of Product, PSOP, decomposition is an EXOR based technique that can be applied to any Boolean function as a very fast pre-processing step for further minimizing the circuit area in standard logic synthesis. In this paper, we exploit PSOP decomposition in EXOR-based synthesis. The experimental results validate the proposed pre-processing method in EXOR-based synthesis, showing an interesting gain in area, within the same time limit.
Design of high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber for ultrashort pulse laser generation
Authors: Hanoon Reem A. , Abdulhadi Ali H. , Abass Abdulla K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This work demonstrates an optimal design for photonic crystal fiber (PCF) as a saturable absorber with high nonlinearity and low confinement losses. Using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.1 as simulation software, the propagation characteristics of the proposed PCF in terms of effective refractive index, effective mode area, chromatic dispersion, confinement loss, and nonlinearity were successfully simulated and examined in detail. A Finite Element Method (FEM) combined with a Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) absorbing boundary condition was applied to evaluate the PCF structure across a broad wavelength range from 1,000 nm to 2,000 nm. The proposed PCF features five concentric rings of air-filled holes symmetrically arranged in a hexagonal structure, with the silica core doped with a uniform level of concentration of 10 % mol of germanium (Ge). Simulation results indicate a remarkably low confinement loss at a wavelength of 1,550 nm, specifically on the order of 5 × 10−7 (dB/m). Additionally, it reveals a high nonlinearity of 11.2 (1/W.Km) coupled with a simultaneously low negative chromatic dispersion of −14.2 (ps/nm.m). This makes it an excellent candidate for various applications involving advanced nonlinear optical systems. Such findings highlight the possibility of the proposed Ge-PCF as a promising saturable absorber for ultrashort pulse laser generation, offering a viable and practical alternative to traditional saturable absorbers in the mid-infrared region.
Passing Down Local Memories: Generativity and Photo Donations in Preservation Institutions
Authors: Shiozaki Ryo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Digital preservation inherently involves multigenerational projects, necessitating consideration of intergenerational justice. However, there have been few discussions about this topic in the field of digital preservation. This study aimed to lay the groundwork for future theoretical research by investigating the concept of generativity proposed by Erikson. It specifically investigates the factors that influence individuals’ willingness to donate personal photographs to preservation institutions, with a particular focus on generativity. The results indicate that, while shared and loss experiences have a greater influence, generativity also has a significant impact on individuals’ attitudes towards photo donation. The results suggest that an intergenerational perspective is indeed applicable and valuable for digital preservation.
A Coach's Guide to Velocity-Based Training: Definitions and Diagnostics
Authors: Thompson Steve W. , Fernandes John , Dorrell Harry , Greig Leon , Bishop Chris 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Velocity-based training (VBT) uses the measurement of velocity to help inform and influence testing, monitoring, programming, autoregulation, and feedback strategies within strength and conditioning (S&C) practice. This review focuses specifically on the definitions and underpinning principles of VBT, as well as load-velocity profiling, while undertaking an in-depth evaluation of the literature and translating this information into practical recommendations for S&C coaches. There is a detailed evaluation of the different ways to construct a load-velocity profile (LVP), providing examples of simplicity, time efficiency, increased accuracy, and optimizing training prescriptions and manipulations. New approaches, such as combining ballistic and nonballistic exercises, and methods of extrapolation have been explored. In addition, this review highlights practical considerations regarding data analysis, specific exercises, statistical modeling, number of loads, and extrapolation methods. A worked example of using LVP data within Excel has also been presented. Finally, there is a focus on 1 repetition maximum prediction, the benefits and challenges of implementing such an approach, and the most appropriate ways of collecting reliable and valid data.
A Delicate Balance
Authors: Corcoran Jan 
Published: January 2025

My art is about my passion and expression of doodling, allowing the inherent ability of a line, a shape, or a colour to give voice to complex dialogue and relation with the painting. I paint to music, all kinds, that brings an intensity and energy that seems to take on a life of it's own within the work.
Visit my website at https://www.jancorcoran.com.
The Implementation of a Feeding Protocol in Patients With Noninvasive Ventilation Improves Enteral Nutrition: The NIVEN Study
Authors: Rodriguez-Fanjul Javier , Sorribes Ortí Clara , Santos Monton Ana , Gonzalo de Liria Carlos Rodrigo , Mendez Hernandez Maria , Ricart Marti Pilar , Corsini Iuri , Jordan Garcia Iolanda , Balaguer Gargallo Monica 
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE
There is limited evidence to guide the treatment of enteral nutrition (EN) for children with bronchiolitis who receive biphasic positive airway pressure (BiPAP) support.

METHODS
This quality improvement project included patients with bronchiolitis who were supported by BiPAP ventilation. An algorithm to increase EN treatment in those patients was created by stakeholders. Two periods of time were compared: group 1 (January 2023 to August 2023) without nutrition implementation protocol vs group 2 (September 2023 to February 2024) after the protocol was implemented. EN was provided via nasogastric tubes. The project aim was to decrease the mean time to initiation of EN by 50% after the start of BiPAP. Secondary end points were time to reach target calories (100 kcal/kg/d), BiPAP total duration, and the proportion of patients with adverse effects.

RESULTS
For the 102 included patients (48 before and 54 after BiPAP ventilation), the median time to the start of EN decreased from 18 (8–26) hours to 6 (2–8) hours (P &lt; 0.05) Median time to reach calorie goal decreased from 103 (85–120) hours to 48 hours (36–60) (P &lt; 0.05). There were no differences in noninvasive ventilation mean duration. No episodes of aspiration or other adverse effects were documented.

CONCLUSIONS
The implementation of a standardized pathway for EN in patients with BiPAP was associated with faster initiation of EN and a shorter time to reaching caloric goals without any observed adverse events. Although our sample was small, the findings suggest that more aggressive enteral feeding should be considered in patients receiving noninvasive ventilation.
Jóvenes y preferencias políticas: Afiliaciones partidistas de candidatos a cámara y senado en las elecciones de 2022
Authors: Gelvez Rubio Tatiana , Montilla Niño Adriana Paola 
Published: January 2025

La juventud ha sido protagonista de las distintas movilizaciones sociales en América Latina (Amador-Baquiro, Muñoz-Gonzales, 2020) , su participación en estos espacios de protesta ha rebatido la hipótesis sobre su apatía política y ha confirmado que la población joven se inclina hacía mecanismos informales de participación (Dunlop et. al, 2021; Cross y Young, 2008), según esto los jóvenes prefieren vincularse a partidos y organizaciones con la idea de “new politics” y no afiliarse a instituciones políticas tradicionales. No obstante, su adscripción a partidos políticos sigue siendo relevante para la supervivencia de las mismas estructuras partidistas, que necesitan presentar rostros nuevos para que los jóvenes se sientan identificados y, porque su visión en espacios de representación es necesaria.
El objetivo de capítulo es analizar las afiliaciones partidistas de los jóvenes en las elecciones al Congreso en Colombia en 2022, a partir de la división de los grupos etarios de los y las candidatas a elecciones y constatar si la hipótesis de frente a las preferencias de afiliación de candidatos jóvenes en partidos nuevos pequeños y de tendencia ideológica de izquierda (Belschner, 2022), así como, indagar si persiste la desigualdad de género en los candidatos y candidatas en este grupo etario.
Los límites sociopolíticos del gobierno Petro. De la disponibilidad social para el momento constitutivo
Authors: Lamus Parra Luis Eduardo 
Published: January 2025

El articulo apuesta por un acercamiento heterodoxo dentro de la teoría política marxista latinoamericana en la búsqueda de comprender los limites sociopolíticos del gobierno Petro. En este sentido, recoge los postulados de corte nacionalista avanzados por el sociólogo boliviano Rene Zavaleta y continuados por el filósofo Luis Tapia, los cuales amplían la vertiente gramsciana situándola en el contexto político e histórico regional. El texto se desarrolló en dos momentos, el primero establece relaciones conceptuales desde las cuales se analizan inercias culturales y sociológicas, inscritas en el proceso histórico de constitución de la sociedad colombiana, figurando intersecciones con el desenvolvimiento del capitalismo en el país. En un segundo momento se caracterizan a grandes rasgos, las dinámicas políticas que instauran una ecuación social que, si bien se resintió de la reciente crisis política, hecha manifiesta en el estallido social, despliega su tozuda carga histórica, impidiendo la generación de disponibilidad social que concrete las reformas propuestas por la primera experiencia progresista en el gobierno.
Police and Law Enforcement of Domestic Violence Crimes Based on Human Rights in Indonesia
Authors: Hertanto Iwan , Suparto Supanto , Rustamaji Muhammad , Saefudin Yusuf 
Published: January 2025

Domestic Violence (DV) as a form of crime that violates the rights of victims cannot be underestimated, the Police as law enforcement officers must be able to enforce the law fairly and beneficially for the integrity and peace of the household. Domestic violence crimes have a serious impact on family continuity and can even threaten the integrity of a family. This crime can occur at any time and happen to anyone, both men and women, but the majority of domestic violence victims are women. Women and children, as the majority of victims of domestic violence, have attracted international attention. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) regulates the scope of human rights and the state's obligation to ensure their fulfillment. This normative juridical method research aims to answer why the Police in law enforcement of domestic violence in Indonesia must be based on human rights, through several approaches such as the statutory approach and theoretical approach so that it can be concluded that domestic violence is a criminal offense between the perpetrator and the victim has a close relationship within the scope of the household. Indonesia as a state of law must uphold human rights. Pancasila as the spirit in resolving criminal acts of domestic violence has values that complement each other and qualify between one precept and another and each precept has human rights values. The fundamental values of Pancasila have created a harmonious life in a divine, humane, united, populist, and just manner, this of course has upheld the values of human rights in domestic violence law enforcement by the Police in Indonesia. Keywords: domestic violence, police, law enforcement, human rights
Effect of multistage isolation of neutrophils on their counts and viability
Authors: Shvydchenko I. N. , Bykovskaya E. Yu. , Golubtsov V. V. 
Published: January 2025

Despite numerous separation methods of neutrophils from peripheral blood, isolation of sufficient quantities of high-purity viable cells for quantitative determination of neutrophil cytokines and their mRNA expression still remains an actual issue. The recommended multi-step purification methods significantly prolong the cell isolation process, potentially leading to cell activation or apoptosis and resulting in significant cell loss. Preliminary purification of neutrophils is the most critical stage in terms of time spent, and several additional manipulations with cells. To address this challenge, our study aimed to compare various methods of preliminary neutrophil isolation in order to select the optimal approach to obtaining a sufficient number of viable peripheral neutrophils.We studied the effects of three different protocols for preliminary isolation of cell suspensions: (a) centrifugation of whole blood at a single-step density gradient followed by sedimentation of red blood cells with dextran; (b) centrifugation of whole blood on a double density gradient; (c) rapid isolation of leukocytes using a reagent that promotes red blood cell aggregation. The cell counts and viability of purified neutrophils were tested at the final stage using negative immunomagnetic selection. Our study has shown that the methods used for preliminary neutrophil isolation significantly affect both the number and viability of the cells. The highest number of viable neutrophils was obtained using a conventional method of blood centrifugation at a density gradient followed by dextran sedimentation of red blood cells. However, the three studied methods of preliminary neutrophil isolation did not show statistically significant differences with respect to quantitative yield of viable cells after immunomagnetic isolation. These findings suggest that any of these methods may be applied, depending on capabilities and preferences of the researchers. In summary, our findings confirm previous studies indicating that the multistep process of neutrophil isolation allows for obtaining a high-purity cell suspension (> 99.1%) which can be used in future studies of their cytokine-secreting activity. However, such multi-stage isolation significantly reduces the yield of neutrophils, thus being critical for studying of initially small blood volumes.
A case history of petroleum exploration in the southern Forest City basin using gravity and magnetic surveys
Authors: Stander Tom W. 
Published: January 2025

Three geophysical surveys were conducted in Johnson and Douglas counties in Kansas. The first two projects were gravity surveys each covering nearly 50 mi2 (130 km2). In all three surveys, readings of the gravity or magnetic fields were taken along county roads at 1/4-mi (.4-km) intervals. Normal data reductions and corrections were applied to the data. The data were displayed as contoured Bouguer gravity maps and a diurnal tide-corrected magnetic map. The Bouguer gravity maps indicated gravity anomalies with 0.20-1.20 mgal closures. Many of the closures were elliptical with their long axes paralleling local structural trends. Some of the gravity anomalies corresponded to known oil and gas fields. In particular, the Gardner oil dome near Gardner, Kansas, is associated with a 0.80-mgal gravity anomaly. The magnetic map indicated closures of 60-80 gammas. Some of the magnetic data corresponded well with the gravity data. Like the gravity data, some of the magnetic anomalies corresponded to known oil and gas fields. Several wildcat wells were drilled on or near gravity or magnetic highs. The first notable find was the discovery well of the Little Wakarusa Creek oil field. Oil is now being produced from 14 wells in this field from a 15-ft (4.5-m)-thick Cherokee sandstone at a depth of about 700 ft (210 m). The oil field is located in southeastern Douglas County nearly 5 mi (8 km) south of Eudora, Kansas. Initial flush productions varied between 10 and 40 bbls of oil per day. The magnetic and gravity data were interpreted to be related to deep basement structures. The deeper structures (.5-3 mi [.8-4.8 km] in depth) influence near-surface structures in the Cherokee Group of Pennsylvanian rocks. The structures provided trapping mechanisms for hydrocarbon accumulation in the Cherokee sandstones.
Allostratigraphic and Sedimentologic Applications of Trace Fossils to the Study of Incised Estuarine Valleys: An Example from the Virgilian Tonganoxie Sandstone Member of Eastern Kansas
Authors: Buatois Luis A. , Mángano Gabriela , Maples Christopher G. , Lanier William P. 
Published: January 2025

The Tonganoxie Sandstone Member (Stranger Formation) records part of the infill of an estuarine valley system that was incised during a late Missourian (Late Carboniferous) drop in sea level and subsequently infilled during a transgressive episode later in the Virgilian (Late Carboniferous). At Buildex Quarry, in an eastern valley-margin position, this unit is represented by planar-bedded-and-laminated siltstone beds (tidal rhythmites) overlying a coplanar surface of lowstand erosion and subsequent transgression. These tidal rhythmites contain a relatively diverse ichnofauna dominated by arthropod trackways, surface grazing trails, fish traces, and tetrapod tracks, including the ichnogenera Circulichnis Vyalov, Dendroidichnites Demathieu, Gand, and Toutin-Morin, Diplichnites Dawson, Diplopodichnus Brady, Gordia Emmons, Helminthoidichnites Fitch, Helminthopsis Heer, Kouphichnium Nopcsa, Mirandaichnium Aceñolaza, Stiaria Smith, Stiallia Smith, Tonganoxichnus Mángano, Buatois, Maples, and Lanier, Treptichnus Miller, and Undichna Anderson. The Buildex ichnofauna represents a mixture of the nonmarine Scoyenia and Mermia ichnofacies and records the activity of a terrestrial and freshwater biota. Ichnologic evidence, coupled with sedimentologic data, suggests that the Buildex succession was deposited on tidal flats in the most proximal zone of the inner estuary, between the landward limit of tidal currents and the salinity limit further towards the sea. This type of trace-fossil assemblage seems to characterize the lower part of transgressive system tracts, immediately overlying the coplanar surface during the late Paleozoic. As transgression proceeded, tide-influenced freshwater facies tended to be replaced by retrogradational brackish-water parasequences, and the mixed Scoyenia and Mermia ichnofacies was replaced by a Skolithos-impoverished Cruziana ichnofacies. The coplanar surface (flooding surface and sequence boundary) that marks the base of the Tonganoxie sequence at Buildex lacks the substrate-controlled, marine Glossifungites ichnofacies. The coals and paleosols with upright plant remains that typify the coplanar surface at Buildex represent erosional truncation and subsequent omission close to the interfluves and may be regarded as the landward equivalent of the Glossifungites ichnofacies. Buildex-type ichnofaunas probably are widespread in Pennsylvanian tidal rhythmites of the U.S. Midcontinent and may be used to identify freshwater inner estuarine facies, to delineate fluvio-estuarine transitions in incised valley systems, and to refine models based exclusively on lithofacies evidence.