bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive dental care for children with rampant caries under general anaesthesia
Authors: Vinckier F. , Gizani S. , Declerck D. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract.
Objective. Critical reflection on treatment strategy for dental rehabilitation of young children with rampant caries using day‐stay general anaesthesia at a university dental clinic. Design. Cross‐sectional analysis of 98 cases. Setting. The study was undertaken at the university paediatric dental clinic of Leuven, Belgium. Sample and methods. The sample consisted of 98 healthy patients referred for dental treatment under general anaesthesia with a mean age of 4·8 (± 1·1) years and mean dmft‐score of 9·3 (± 3·0). Data were obtained by history taking, clinical examination, questionnaires (filled in by parents) and standardized data records (filled in by dentists and nurses in the recovery area and day‐stay clinic). Results. Most patients were referred by their private dentist (74·5%) because of a need for extensive dental treatment in an uncooperative child. Induction of anaesthesia was upsetting in a significant number of cases (68% of children). The mean duration of the whole procedure was 80·9 (± 24·7) minutes. A mean number of 7·2 (± 2·9) primary teeth were filled and 1·8 (± 2·0) extracted per patient. Post‐operative problems (nausea/vomiting, temperature rise) were seen in only 8·2% of the patients. Conclusions. The technique used at this centre allows for extensive dental treatment of young children with a high level of acceptability and minimal morbidity, using day‐stay general anaesthesia. Based on this review, it became clear that less upsetting methods for the induction of anaesthesia need to be explored. Criteria for the administration of antibiotics need to be defined more clearly and the use of stainless steel crowns should be envisaged for restorations on primary molars. The global outcome of this treatment provision in children at high caries risk should be evaluated over a longer period, including an evaluation of oral health status, restorative treatment (conservation vs. extraction) and behavioural aspects.
Eruption disturbances of mandibular permanent canines in Japanese children
Authors: Taguchi Y. , Kurol J. , Kobayashi H. , Noda T. 
Published: March 2003

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to clarify the cause and prognosis of eruption disturbance of mandibular permanent canines. Sample and Methods. Fifteen Japanese children who visited Niigata University Dental Hospital between 1979 and 1997 with unerupted and/or impacted mandibular permanent canines were examined. Results. All cases showed unilateral disturbances. The eruption disturbance of 6 mandibular canines was associated with a calcified obstacle such as an odontoma (5 cases) or a supernumerary tooth (1 case). After removal of the obstacle, 5 canines were aligned within the dentition. Out of 10 cases, where the permanent canine germ showed malpositioning or aberrant eruption path, 5 primary predecessors had undergone endodontic treatment. In these 10 cases, 6 canines erupted after treatment, two were extracted and the remaining two were left in their impacted position. Conclusions. The present results suggest that it is relatively easy for the position of unerupted mandibular canines associated with calcified obstacles to be improved by removal of the obstacle, but that it is more difficult for teeth showing anomaly in the position of the canine germ to be aligned within the dentition.
The relationship between sweetness preference, levels of salivary mutans streptococci and caries experience in Brazilian pre‐school children
Authors: Maciel S.M. , Marcenes W. , Sheiham A. 
Published: March 2003

Aim. To analyse the relationship between preference for sweetness, levels of salivary mutans streptococci and levels of caries in low socio‐economic 4–5‐year‐old Brazilian children. Design. A cross‐sectional survey. Subjects and methods. 298 children of both sexes, who, in 1998, were regularly attending public nurseries were randomly selected. Caries experience was assessed according to WHO guidelines. Saliva samples were analysed for mutans streptococci using the spatula method. Children’s preference for sugar was measured using the ‘Sweet Preference Inventory’. Personal interviews with the mothers were conducted. Results. 255 children completed all aspects of the research, a response rate of 85·6%. 34·9% of them were caries‐free. The mean dmf‐s was 4·25 (SD 6·16), the decayed component being 3·56 (SD 5·82) and the filled surfaces, 0·69 (SD 1·85). For these pre‐school children; male sex (P < 0·01), single parent (P < 0·01), habit of eating or drinking items that contained non‐milk extrinsic sugar between meal times (P < 0·05) and high levels of salivary mutans streptococci (P < 0·001) were significantly associated with higher dmfs scores. There was no statistical relationship between sweetness preference and dental caries and with mutans streptococci levels. Conclusion. Levels of salivary mutans streptococci but not sweetness preference were potential good predictors of caries experience among 4–5 years‐old‐children living in urban area of Brazil.
Is there a relationship between asthma and dental erosion? A case control study
Authors: Al‐Dlaigan Y. H. , Shaw L. , Smith A. J. 
Published: March 2003

Summary. Objectives. The aims of this study were firstly to assess and compare the prevalence of dental erosion and dietary intake between three groups of children; children with asthma, those with significant tooth erosion but with no history of asthma, and children with no history of asthma or other medical problems. Secondly, to discover whether there was a relationship between medical history and dietary practises of these children and the levels of dental erosion. Thirdly, to measure and compare their salivary flow rates, pH and buffering capacity.Methods. The study consisted of 3 groups of children aged 11–18 years attending Birmingham Dental Hospital: 20 children with asthma requiring long‐term medication, 20 children referred with dental erosion, and 20 children in the age and sex matched control group. Tooth wear was recorded using a modification of the tooth wear index (TWI) of Smith and Knight. Data on the medical and dietary history were obtained from a self‐reported questionnaire supplemented by a structured interview. The salivary samples were collected under standard methods for measurements.Results. Fifty percent of the children in the control group had low erosion and 50% moderate erosion. However, high levels were recorded in 35% of children in the asthma group and 65% in the erosion group. There appeared to be no overall differences in diet between the groups. There was an association between dental erosion and the consumption of soft drinks, carbonated beverages and fresh fruits in all the three groups. More variables related to erosion were found in the erosion and asthma groups. A comparison between the three groups showed no significant differences in unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates, or pH and buffering capacity.Conclusion. There were significant differences in the prevalence of erosion between the three groups, children with asthma having a higher prevalence than the control group. Although there was a relationship between the levels of erosion and some medical history and acidic dietary components, these did not explain the higher levels in asthmatic children. Further investigation is required into the factors affecting the increased prevalence of erosion in children with asthma.
The British Society of Paediatric Dentistry: 50 years of achievement
Authors: Gelbier S. 
Published: March 2003

Summary. This paper describes the origins of organizations for children's dentists in the UK, starting 50 years ago and culminating in the foundation of the British Society of Paediatric Dentistry. It focuses on some of the people who were instrumental in these developments and their relations with children's dentists worldwide.
The success of inhalation sedation for comprehensive dental care within the Community Dental Service
Authors: Bryan R. A. E. 
Published: March 2003

Summary.  Objectives. To assess the outcomes of treatment with nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation (IS). To relate these to the age and previous dental experience of the child and the experience of the operator. To provide base‐line information and identify training needs.Methods. A retrospective examination of the clinical records of all children treated with IS within the Community Dental Service of Harrow and Hillingdon NHS Trust (HHHT) over a 3‐month period was made. Personal details and previous dental experience were recorded. The outcome of the planned treatment was identified.Results. Two hundred and eleven sets of records were reviewed from eight clinicians. The average age of the children was 7·2 years. Treatment plans were successfully completed in 83·9% of cases. Records showed that 18·5% of the children had previously had general anaesthesia (GA) for dental treatment, 27·5% had received IS and 5·2% had no previous dental experience. Of the ‘failed’ treatments, 50% were under 7 years of age and 31·3% were referred for GA. There was no difference in the proportion of failures in relation to the experience of the operator.Conclusion. This review shows that inhalation sedation with nitrous oxide/oxygen is a very successful adjunct to the clinical management of children within the Community Dental Service.
The cause of drooling in children with cerebral palsy – hypersalivation or swallowing defect?
Authors: Tahmassebi J. F. , Curzon M. E. J. 
Published: March 2003

Summary. Objective. To determine whether or not drooling in children with cerebral palsy is due to hypersalivation.Population and methods. The study population consisted of 10 children with cerebral palsy who were identified as having severe drooling, and a matched control group composed of 10 unaffected children who had no known physical or mental disabilities. Salivary flow rate was compared between the cerebral palsied children and the control group using the chin‐cup collection drool quantification method described by Sochanjwskyj. Components of the system included a cup‐like collection device, a vacuum pump, plastic tubing, an airtight collection chamber, and calibrated test tubes held against the subject's chin with elastic straps attached to an orthodontic head bonnet. Statistical analysis was completed using the Student's t‐test and Fisher's Exact Probability test.Results. The ages of the population ranged from 5·2 to 15·6 years, mean age (± SE) of 10·56 ± 1·13 years. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of salivary flow rate between the two groups’ mean ± SE: cerebral palsy group 0·220 ± 0·018; control group 0·334 ± 0·052 (P = 0·053). The results were further confirmed by comparing the buffering capacity (P = 1·00) and concentrations of the sodium (P = 0·065) and potassium ions (P = 0·058) in the saliva of the study groups.Conclusions. Children with cerebral palsy who drool do not appear to produce excess saliva. Their salivation is similar to the control children.
Quality of life following liver transplantation: physical and functional recovery
Authors: Gelling Leslie 
Published: March 2003

Quality of life following liver transplantation: physical and functional recovery Traditionally health care outcomes have been evaluated by measuring immediate and long‐term survival. This paper demonstrates the importance of quality of life as an alternative outcome indicator by considering two dimensions of quality of life and how they affect patients following liver transplantation. These two dimensions are physical recovery and functional recovery and they are considered by analysing the literature exploring quality of life following liver transplantation. Physical recovery is be subdivided into sleep, pain and mobility and functional recovery is subdivided into occupational rehabilitation and domestic rehabilitation.
The role of the child primary mental health worker
Authors: Lacey Irene 
Published: March 2003

The role of the child primary mental health worker The purpose of the study was to explore how the child primary mental health worker role, as defined in the Health Advisory Service document, has been interpreted in each of the mental health trusts in England. Studies have indicated there is a deficit in recognition and treatment skills, by primary care workers, of psychological difficulties presented by children and young people, which could be supported by specialist mental health workers. A postal questionnaire was sent to 169 English mental health trusts. There were 98 returns (59%) indicating that 22 child mental health services had established this new role and a further 42 were planning to develop it in the near future. The child primary mental health workers were spending on average 35% of their time in primary care offering consultation and training to health professionals, rather than direct work with children and families. This development was found to be a growing area of advanced practice for nurses. Given the stated intention of the majority of services to develop or retain this role, further evaluation studies will be needed.
Developing realistic treatment standards in today’s economic climate: stroke survivor education
Authors: Rausch Michele , Turkoski Beatrice 
Published: March 2003

Developing realistic treatment standards in today’s economic climate: stroke survivor education Teaching people about the risk factors and early symptom identification of stroke significantly decreases the incidence of both first time and recurrent strokes. Patient teaching has traditionally been a nursing responsibility. However, in the fiscal constraints of today’s health care delivery system, nurses’ time for teaching is highly restricted. This pilot study was designed to evaluate the impact of a short 1½ hour stroke education programme in a population of hospitalized stroke survivors prior to their discharge. The first session focused on the disease process of stroke and its warning signs. A second session addressed risk factors and behavioural strategies for exercise, stress management, or smoking cessation. Responses to the teaching programme were evaluated through patient interviews immediately following the teaching session and 3 weeks later. Responses indicated that short‐session patient teaching, in and of itself, is not always successful in changing behaviour but is successful for knowledge attainment. The findings from this pilot study suggests a need to consider new teaching strategies and a need to identify opportunities for reinforcement, support and encouragement that will meet the realities of today’s time constraints while still meeting our professional responsibilities for patient education.
Perspectives on surviving childhood sexual abuse
Authors: Wilshaw Gary 
Published: March 2003

Perspectives on surviving childhood sexual abuse This paper begins by examining sexual victimization and professional ‘thinking sets’ in relation to abuse. It goes on to offer an exploration of the literature in the area of childhood sexual abuse and its survival, and attempts to marshal some of this literature into naturally occurring conceptual groups with connecting theoretical threads. A summary of the theoretical paradigms which seem to produce dominant perspectives on the area is made. A cautionary discussion is introduced regarding the deterministic nature of the influence of these perceptual viewpoints upon research and therapeutic activity. Implications for nursing practice and education are drawn.
The experience of women with primary biliary cirrhosis: a literature review
Authors: Fahey Siobhan 
Published: March 2003

The experience of women with primary biliary cirrhosis: a literature review Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a serious and life‐threatening illness that mainly affects women. Epidemiological data on the prevalence of the illness are unclear. The experience of women with this chronic illness has not been explored within nursing research. A review of the literature concerning PBC therefore is based on general themes relating to chronic illness. A chronic illness has two meanings: the symbolic significance and the consequences for the individual. The symbolic significance of PBC can be related to symbolism relating to the liver in general and to the general assumption that liver disease is related to alcohol consumption. The consequences for the individual woman with PBC have been described as following a disease management trajectory. This may include appreciating the major symptoms of the illness. The main symptoms of PBC are fatigue and pruritus. These are both insidious and debilitating symptoms of unclear aetiology that can cause women with PBC problems when seeking an illness explanation. The symptoms may also interfere with the woman’s body image and her caring role. It is suggested that the factors that relate to PBC may result in social isolation for women with the illness.
A specialist nurse: an identified professional role or a personal agenda?
Authors: Hunt Jane A. 
Published: March 2003

A specialist nurse: an identified professional role or a personal agenda?Specialist nurses have existed for many years. Initially denoting a nurse with extensive clinical experience, implicit within nursing’s professional agenda for attaining ‘specialist’ status since the 1960s has been the requirement to achieve a high degree of ‘specialist’ knowledge through post‐basic education. Despite the professional agenda, much confusion surrounding definitions of specialist nurses prevails. In recent years this confusion has been compounded in the United Kingdom by the introduction of advanced nurse practitioners alongside existing clinical nurse specialists. This paper suggests that health care professionals’ perceptions of a ‘specialist’ are subjective, grounded in their own experiences. Drawing on a study which examined relationships between paediatric oncology outreach nurse specialists and other health care professionals, two types of personal agenda from which perceived ‘specialist’ status evolves are described: (1) ‘needs‐driven agendas’, and (2) ‘peer‐driven agendas’. When ‘specialist’ status is accorded to paediatric oncology outreach nurse specialists, ‘specialist’ knowledge is derived from: formal qualifications, hands‐on technical skills, previous ‘specialist’ work experience, in‐depth medical knowledge and/or insight into families’ dynamics. The relative contribution each of these makes towards constructing a ‘specialist’ depends on the experiences of individual health care professionals and the varying work locations and professional backgrounds of paediatric oncology outreach nurse specialists.
A hermeneutic textual analysis of suffering and caring in the peri‐operative context
Authors: Von Post Iréne , Eriksson Katie 
Published: March 2003

A hermeneutic textual analysis of suffering and caring in the perioperative context Hermeneutic text interpretation is discussed in this paper as a possible way of releasing nurses’ knowledge, in order to develop a deeper understanding of professional caring. The text is a nurse’s story, which has been gathered by means of the critical incident technique. The intention is to elicit the knowledge of professional caring in the stories and the language of caring science, which is concealed in a nurse’s reality. Hermeneutic text interpretation through reading a text and having a dialogue with the nurse’s reality will give a voice and a language to silent knowledge.
User involvement in identifying health needs and shaping and evaluating services: is it being realised?
Authors: Poulton Brenda C. 
Published: March 2003

User involvement in identifying health needs and shaping and evaluating services: is it being realised? The rhetoric of user involvement has featured in health policy documents for over a decade. However, there is mixed evidence as to the extent to which it is being achieved. This paper explores what is meant by user involvement, proposing that it exists at a series of levels ranging from information giving to true empowerment. Examples are presented from two practice development projects. The first sought to develop multidisciplinary audit in primary care, attempting to involve users in defining health needs and determining services. Although the project co‐ordinators were highly committed to user involvement this was only achieved to a limited extent. It was concluded that there was a resistance to user involvement grounded in the fear that such involvement would increase user expectations and add to the pressures of overworked primary care teams. The second project used interviews with service users to assess the effectiveness of a team building initiative. Users were found to be knowledgeable about practitioner roles and how to access the care they required. The overall conclusion is that there needs to be a shift from rhetoric to reality at governmental and practitioner level if true user involvement is to be achieved.
An evaluation of the implementation of case management in the community psychiatric nursing service
Authors: Chan Sally , Mackenzie Ann , Ng Dominic Tin‐Fu , Leung Jessie Ka‐yi 
Published: March 2003

An evaluation of the implementation of case management in the community psychiatric nursing service This paper reports the preliminary results of a study on the implementation of case management in the community psychiatric nursing service (CPNS). The purpose of the study is to compare the outcome of case management service with the conventional practice of CPNS in the care of chronic schizophrenic clients. The impact of case management service on clients’ clinical status, functional level and satisfaction was measured. A matched, pre–post, case‐control group design was used to compare case management and conventional care groups. A specific case management model based on the practice at Carondelet Saint Mary’s Hospital and Health Centre in Tucson has been developed to care for the schizophrenic clients in the community. Subjects in the experimental group were cared for by CPNs using this case management model. Subjects in the control group were cared for by CPNs based on current practices in the CPNS. Pre‐ and post‐measures were taken upon recruitment and at 5 months later. Findings showed that the experimental group had better outcome in terms of their mental status and functional level when compared with the control group. They were generally more satisfied with the service. When comparing case managers’ role with that of conventional CPNs, case managers performed more in areas such as assessment, liaison, case discussion and life skills training. This study demonstrates that this particular model of case management can be effective in caring for clients with long‐term mental health problems in Hong Kong.