bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revolution, Contradiction, and Kantian Citizenship
Authors: Holtman Sarah Williams 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To many critics, Immanuel Kant’s Rechtslehre has value principally as an example of what a theory of justice should not be. To wit, Kantian justice requires slavish adherence to rigid rules that are backed by harsh penalties and insensitive to real-world complexities and imperfections. These characteristics, critics often note, are nowhere more apparent than in Kant’s discussion of revolution. However unjust the legal system, however corrupt the public officials, revolution never is justified: ‘a people has a duty to put up with even what is held to be an unbearable abuse of supreme authority … [and] its resistance to the highest legislation can never be regarded as other than contrary to law, and indeed as abolishing the entire legal constitution’ (MS 6:320). Friends of Kant’s practical philosophy too find this position on revolution at best overstated and at worst untenable, though unlike critics they typically do not further conclude that this has insurmountable consequences for the theory of justice as a whole.
Happiness as a Natural End
Authors: Johnson Robert N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
These two claims from the Doctrine of Virtue seem inconsistent, if we assume that we do not freely do what we unavoidably do and that to wish for and to seek something is to have it as an end of action.The inconsistency, if genuine, is not harmless. The first claim (hereafter, ‘E’) and equivalent statements elsewhere express the extent of Kant’s belief in free will, as well as feature in his arguments that there are ends that are duties and that such duties cannot be constrained by others but only self-constrained.2 The second claim (hereafter, ‘H’) and equivalent statements elsewhere feature in Kant’s arguments that we can have no direct duty to pursue our own happiness, that prudential rationality is distinct from mere skillfulness, and that, unlike the Categorical Imperative (CI), the problem of the ‘possibility’ of a hypothetical imperative needs no solution.3 This is, in other words, an inconsistency between basic premisses of Kant’s moral philosophy.
Introduction
Authors: Smilansky Saul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book explores the role of illusion in the free will problem, a problem at the heart of morality and human self-understanding. Understanding the role of illusion, I claim, is the key to the free will problem. Within our lives, insofar as they are affected by the issue of free will, illusion is descriptively central and normatively necessary. Beyond a specific exploration of the role of illusion, this book also attempts to crystallize insights gained by recent philosophical research into the free will problem into an integrated, coherent view. It is maintained that we have most of the resources for a general, albeit rough, understanding of the free will problem.
Philosophy of. …
Authors: Kivy Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If someone who doesn’t know how to cook should buy a cookbook, she hardly expects, on opening it, to find the first chapter devoted to the question of what cooking is. Presumably, she already knows that much about the subject. But it is quite likely that someone who buys a book called Introduction to a Philosophy of Music will not only not know what the philosophy of music is; she will not know what philosophy is either. So it seems not altogether inappropriate to begin with such a chapter as this. However, it is part of the nature of philosophy that to tell what philosophy is is itself a daunting task.
Narration and Representation
Authors: Kivy Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I have emphasized in the previous chapter the role of music’s expressive properties in the setting of operatic texts. There is good reason, I think. why the expressiveness of music has been such a major player in opera, and in other forms of music, in the modern Western tradition, where words are sung. The reason is this. The expressive properties of music, within a certain narrow range, as we have seen, are clearly discernible to all listeners. (I am speaking here, of course, only of Western music, and listeners practiced in listening to it.) Because of that, they—the expressive properties provide the most dependable, the most reliable, material for a composer trying to make her music appropriate to her text. For, because the emotive properties of music are so readily, so universally, recognized by even the most naive listeners, the composer can be sure that the appropriateness of music to text will be recognized.
Liberal Double-Mindedness
Authors: Kekes John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Double-mindedness is best understood in contrast with single mindedness. To be single-minded is to have a strong enough motive to override any other motive that may conflict with it. To be doubleminded is to have two strong motives that exist in a state of tension because acting on one excludes acting on the other. The agents feel the strength of both motives, but neither obviously overrides the other. Consequently they waver, they are ambivalent, they are of two minds about what they should do.
Double-mindedness may be a temporary state or a lasting disposition. As a temporary state, it is a common experience that most agents have when they try to decide, as they must, between immediate and more distant satisfactions, between the demands of morality and self-interest, between institutional and personal loyalties, between duty and pleasure, and so forth. Such a state is intrinsically undesirable because it involves frustration,
Kant
Authors: Sacks Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While Hume himself is a naturalist, rather than a sceptic, his conclusions are clearly significant for anyone committed to finding more than just the natural drive of nature with which to explain and underpin our belief that there are laws of nature (such as the causal law), or that there are objects that exist independently of us, or indeed that there is anything to me beyond the fleeting string of perceptions, something in virtue of which it will make sense to say that all these perceptions are mine. While Hume was prepared to close the door to his study and acquiesce in beliefs that could not be supported by critical reflection, this can look-and to philosophers like Kant did look like defeatism, or unacceptable quietude.
Conclusion: Objectivity, Insight, and the Place of Fictional Force
Authors: Sacks Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Traditionally, securing a handle on objectivity or the possibility of an absolute conception of the world has been regarded as part and parcel of a strictly realist outlook. A clear statement of this all too natural alignment can, for example, be found in one of its most determined advocates. Thomas Nagel thus writes: However often we may try to step outside of ourselves, something will have to stay behind the lens, something in us will determine the resulting picture, and this will give grounds for doubt that we are really getting any closer to reality. The idea of objectivity thus seems to undermine itself. The aim is to form a conception of reality which includes ourselves and our view of things among its objects, but it seems that whatever forms the conception will not be included by it. It seems to follow that the most objective view we can achieve will have to rest on an unexamined subjective base, and that since we can never abandon our own point of view, but can only alter it, the idea that we are coming closer to the reality outside it with each successive step has no foundation.
The Geography of the Mind
Authors: Kenny Anthony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this essay I intend to explore the nature of the mind: to delineate the different mental faculties such as the intellect, the imagination, and the fancy. I shall be, we might say, exploring the geography of the mind: the relations between the senses and the intellect; the contrast between outer senses and inner senses; the two kinds of imagination, fantastic and creative. I shall speak of the intellect as the capacity for operation with signs, and the will as the capacity for the pursuit of rational goals. I shall speak of the relation between the mind, the brain, and the body.
Note-for-Note: Work, Performance, and Early Notation
Authors: Kivy Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most extraordinary and valuable aspects to me of Leo Treitler’s work as a Medievalist-and I am thinking, here, particularly about the work on the origins and early history of Western musical notation-is its implications for the philosophy of music. Nor is Treitler, I hasten to add, unaware of these implications, for he combines the skills and learning of a historian with a love and instinct for the big, speculative questions-a rare combination indeed, much to be admired.
Music, Will, and Representation
Authors: Kivy Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Music has perennially, most of the time peripherally, figured in the writings of the great philosophers. ln antiquity, Plato and Aristotle wrote at some length about something our translators render as ‘music,’ but what it sounded like-whether music in our sense of the word-is difficult, if not impossible to determine. 1n the early mod ern era, Descartes, Leibniz, Thomas Reid, and Kant treated music seriously if not at length. But it is Arthur Schopenhauer who first among the first rank of modern philosophers gave music a prestigious place in a philosophical system. For that reason alone, if for no other, what Schopenhauer said about it deserves our attention as philosophers of art.
On Hanslick’s Inconsistency
Authors: Kivy Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In an essay of mine called ‘Something I’ve Always Wanted to Know about Hanslick,’ I wrote about an inconsistency I thought I detected in Hanslick’s famous little book, Vom Musikalisch-Schonen, between what Hanslick calls his ‘negative thesis’-namely, the thesis that music cannot represent or embody in any way the ordinary, garden variety human emotions-and a passage concerning Gluck’s aria, ‘Che faro senza Euridice.’1 At the end of that essay, I suggested, very briefly, that there was an inconsistency, as well,between the negative thesis, as a theoretical pronouncement, and Hanslick’s practice as a critic of music. Because it was a brief coda to an essay on another subject, I did not amplify my views on this latter inconsistency, or make them as clear as I would like to have done. I would now like to take the opportunity to repair this defect.
Introduction
Authors: Mulgan Tim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If you are reading this, then you are very privileged. In a world of starvation, poverty, misery, and war, you have time to enjoy the luxury of philosophy. Obviously enough, so do I. One of the purposes of this book is to ask whether such behaviour is justified. There are very many very needy people in the world. About 20 million people a year starve to death. About one billion people live in severe poverty. Gross domestic product per capita is over $20,000 in the twenty wealthiest countries, and under $250 in the poorest fifteen. Life expectancy is over 76 in Japan, virtually all of Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and the USA. It is under 50 in Afghanistan, Angola, Botswana, Chad, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Rwanda, and Somalia. In Sierra Leone, Malawi, and Uganda it is under 40.
Other Forms of Collective Consequentialism
Authors: Mulgan Tim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, I discuss a recent alternative to the Rule Consequentialism discussed in the previous chapter—namely, the theory of Liam Murphy. I also attempt to draw some conclusions concerning the viability of Collective Consequentialism in general. Many of the problems faced by Rule Consequentialism were caused either by the shift from compliance to acceptance or by the need to discover exactly what action would follow from the ideal code of rules in a particular situ- ation. As we shall see, Murphy’s theory avoids such problems, as it lacks these troublesome features. However, I shall conclude that Murphy’s approach is not ultimately acceptable, and that no form of Collective Consequentialism can avoid the fate of either Rule Consequentialism or Murphy’s view.
The Stoics on Sign-inference and Demonstration
Authors: Allen James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the previous study I argued that the close relation between the Stoic theory of signs and the framework of commemorative and indicative signs presupposed by Sextus Empiricus does not survive examination. In particular, the assumption that the Stoics were to be identified with the partisans of indicative signification is mistaken. If the argument I presented is right, the opposition between commemorative and indicative signification belongs to a debate between medical Rationalists and Empiricists, and Sextus’ discussion of signs was shaped by the concern, shared at that point by Empiricists and Pyrrhonists, to abolish the indicative sign while upholding the commemorative sign.
Pleasure and Reflection in Ross’s lntuitionism
Authors: Stratton-Lake Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ethical intuitionists build their moral theory on a set of general moral convictions about the right and the good, which they regard as self-evident. This epistemology and associated methodology has, however, come under serious criticism. Two common objections are that it is dogmatic and especially vulnerable to bias. Both of these worries focus on the supposed selfevidence of the moral convictions on which intuitionist theories rest. It is claimed that intuitionists are dogmatic because the supposed self-evidence of their basic moral convictions means that if someone does not see the truth of these propositions, then all the intuitionist can do is dogmatically assert that they are true. Christine Korsgaard, for example, says that if one asked an intuitionist whether one really ought to do some particularly demanding act, all he can say is ‘simply “Yes”. That is, all he can say is that it is true that this is what you ought to do.’ It doesn’t help to say to someone who denies that some moral proposition is true, that it is self-evident, for if they deny that it is true, they will, a fortiori, deny that it is self-evident. Staring at the proposition doesn’t help.
The spiritual vocabulary of ps.- macarius
Authors: Stewart Columba 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The author of the texts preserved under the names ‘Macarius’ and ‘Symeon’ writes anonymously. The various attributions are attempts of later admirers of these writings to attribute them to monastic figures of universal renown and respect. The significance of these particular names has been discussed in other works, and will not be recapitulated here.1 In the absence of a solution to the problem of authorship, the best course is to use the name ‘Ps.-Macarius’, which conveniently indicates both anonymity and the most familiar alias. The writings can be placed in the second half of the fourth century, probably in the 380s; Gregory of Nyssa had access to at least one text, the so-called Epistola magna, and used it as the basis for his own De instituto christiano.
Metaphors Of Spiritual Experience In Greek And Syriac
Authors: Stewart Columba 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The reader of the Ps.-Macarian texts soon realizes that large portions of these writings consist of repeated and often extended plays on various metaphors for the Christian’s experience of sin, grace, and spiritual fulfilment. The artistry of Ps.-Macarius is twofold: first, his choice of vivid imagery, and second, his way of applying these images in unexpected ways. The language which creates this impressive and dynamic vision of Christian life has consistently attracted readers, but it has also worried ecclesiastical and theological authorities who found the language at best some-what crude, and at worst doctrinally unsound. The selection of some of the basic Ps.-Macarian images for inclusion in the anti-Messalian lists is one testimony to the distinctiveness of his language. One is led to wonder if Ps.-Macarius was theologically ingenuous in using these words and metaphors, or if he was perhaps deliberately undercutting conventions of theological discourse. A closer look at some of his key metaphors will suggest a third possibility.
Introduction
Authors: Béjoint Henri 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
TIME was, not so long ago, when it was usual to start a book on lexicography or on lexis by lamenting the dearth of lexical studies and the disregard of most modern linguists for semantics in general and for words in particular. The complaints were never totally justified, at least as far as lexicography is concerned: Britain, France, and the United States have always been prolific in the production of dictionaries. It is true that lexicology has been the poor relation of linguistics, in the sense that linguists who were interested in lexis were often looked down upon by their colleagues. But the interest for lexis has always been alive, even when and where structuralist linguists were of the opinion that semantics was not part of linguistics. Whatever the situation was, it is clear that things have been improving consistently everywhere, and that the improvement is accelerating. The decade between 1975 and 1985 has been called ‘a decade of the lexicon’ (Nowakowski 1990: 3).
The -ing Participle and Perception Complements
Authors: Gary Miller D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In many languages that have a so-called present participle (PrP) and gerundials, the PrP is used as perception verb complement (PVC) with control properties, viz. I saw you i [PROi eating apples]. Areas of overlap with object control structures include: (1) pronominalizability of the controlee or the event; (2) ungrammaticality of expletive itin the passive; (3) ungrammaticality of whoin pseudoclefts; (4) reflexivization of non-matrix object under coreference with PRO subject controlled by matrix object; (5) quantifier float in embedded clause; (6) adverbials such as by themselvesas non-matrix adjuncts; and (7) obligatory presence of controlling object D/NP.The to-less infinitive (TLI) as PVC differs not only aspectually from -ing, but also in many formal properties. The standard bare VP shell analysis of the TLI is rejected because (1) quantifier float and adverb placement suggest that the subject has moved from its VP-internal position to a higher position, and (2) passivizability of the lower verb requires at least one Functional Phrase.
Case Checking and Accord
Authors: Gary Miller D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter attempts to formulate some working hypotheses about the nature of case and agreement, particularly in nonfinite structures, within the Minimalist Program of the Principles and Parameters framework.1The theory of case developed by Sch ü tze (1997) is reviewed and substantially adopted as a working hypothesis. The Case Filter requires only that a Determiner Phrase(DP) receive case, but movement in Icelandic shows that quirky subjects have the same licensing requirements as DPs with structural case. Therefore, (i) as a parameter, movement is to check licensing, not(also) case features; and(ii) syntactic Case (structural licensing) and morphological case (m-case) are independent.
West Greenlandic
Authors: Gary Miller D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
West Greenlandic (WGr), of the Eskimo-Aleut family, has several non-matrix mood formations. The Contemporative and Participial encompass functions of infinitives, participles, and subjunctives in the IE languages. With infinitives, they share the property of a null subject controlled by another DP. As participles (DP modifiers), they exhibit the case and number features of that DP. As complements to verbs they are inflected for number and (in part) person agreement. Both formations can license PRO subjects with agreement features which can be mirrored in the Agr complex.
Infinitive, Gerundive, Participle
Authors: Gary Miller D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter concludes the discussion of the spread of -ingfrom nominal to clausal categories. In Old English, infinitive (-an/-enne), PrP (-ende), noun (-ing,etc.), and (late) gerund (-ung) were distinct; there was no -ingger- undive. As discussed in previous chapters, the first change was generalization of -ingunder Scandinavian influence to replace the incipient gerund in -ung. This was a simple morphological generalization/restriction. Subsequent changes were driven syntactically. The question was whether there would be one morphological supercategory encompassing the PrP, infinitive, gerund, and gerundive, which overlapped in several functional domains and required checking in M °, or whether the feature differences would be manifested as morphologically distinct categories. Although -ingwas generalized from nominals to clauses, the gerundive was normally blocked by infinitives. If (any of) the competing infinitives and gerundials were to survive as separate entities, each had to have a syntactic domain. The Early Middle English split between toINF+ object and P+ gerund (no object) was syntactically arbitrary.
Competing Morphological Changes in Taiwanese Southern Min
Authors: Lien Chinfa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
William S.-Y. Wang (1969) put forward the theory of lexical diffusion in which competing changes of intersecting phonological rules are held to be a cause of residues.1 In Wang and Lien (1993) this theory is further developed and a thesis of bidirectional diffusion in sound change is advanced to provide an explanation for the interaction between a native (and colloquial) stratum and an alien (and literary) stratum. This may develop into a competition between these two strata which can be resolved in favour of either stratum. In this analysis I argue on evidence adduced from Taiwanese Southern Min in support of the thesis of bidirectional diffusion extending beyond phonological change to morphological change. First, I provide a typology of stratificational distinction in terms of the distinctive syllabic features of initial, final, and tone.
What are Phonological Syllables Made ofã The Voice/Length Symmetry
Authors: De Carvalho Joaquim Brandão 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are, in the phonetic and phonological literature since the beginning of this century, two traditions according to whether syllables are viewed as primitive or emerging objects (cf. Klein 1993). Constituency-based views of the syllable have prevailed in most phonological frameworks, from Pike and Pike’s (1947) and Kurylowicz’s (1948) classical arborescences to Levin’s (1985) metrical model. According to such models, segmental features or elements are licensed (cf. Goldsmith 1990: § 3.4) by hierarchically ordered symbolic primes such as onsets, rhymes, nuclei, and codas (or their X-bar counterparts).
Phonological Primes: Cues and Acoustic Signatures
Authors: Ingleby Michael , Brockhaus Wiebke 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Phonological primitives have several functions, the most important of which, most phonologists would probably agree, are the following:a) to represent the phonological segment inventories of the world’s languages;b) to group these segments into natural classes;c) to capture both static distributional restrictions and dynamic phonological events.