bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcium‐aluminum‐rich inclusion found in the Ivuna CI chondrite: Are CI chondrites a good proxy for the bulk composition of the solar system?
Authors: Frank David R. , Huss Gary R. , Zolensky Michael E. , Nagashima Kazuhide , Le Loan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCosmochemists have relied on CI carbonaceous chondrites as proxies for chemical composition of the non‐volatile elements in the solar system because these meteorites are fine‐grained, chemically homogeneous, and have well‐determined bulk compositions that agree with that of the solar photosphere, within uncertainties. Here we report the discovery of a calcium‐aluminum‐rich inclusion (CAI) in the Ivuna CI chondrite. CAIs are chemically highly fractionated compared to CI composition, consisting of refractory elements and having textures that either reflect condensation from nebular gas or melting in a nebular environment. The CAI we found is a compact type A CAI with typical 16O‐rich oxygen. However, it shows no evidence of 26Al, which was present when most CAIs formed. Finding a CAI in a CI chondrite raises serious questions about whether CI chondrites are a reliable proxy for the bulk composition of the solar system. Too much CAI material would show up as mismatches between the CI composition and the composition of the solar photosphere. Although small amounts of refractory material have previously been identified in CI chondrites, this material is not abundant enough to significantly perturb the bulk compositions of CI chondrites. The agreement between the composition of the solar photosphere and CI chondrites allows no more than ~0.5 atom% of CAI‐like material to have been added to CI chondrites. As the compositions of CI chondrites, carbonaceous asteroids, and the solar photosphere are better determined, we will be able to reduce the uncertainties in our estimates of the composition of the solar system.
Hydroxychloroquine is effective in oral lichen planus: A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Xie Yulang , Xu Hao , Li Chunlei , Wang Yufeng , Lu Rui , Hua Hong , Tang Guoyao , Zhou Gang , Jin Xin , Shang Qianhui , Dan Pan , Zhang Chengli , Luo Xiaobo , Dan Hongxia , Zeng Xin , Zhou Yu , Chen Qianming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study was aimed to evaluate the safety and benefit of short‐term application of hydroxychloroquine in the management of atrophic/erosive/ulcerative oral lichen planus (OLP).MethodsThis multicenter, randomized, controlled, evaluator‐blinded, prospective clinical trial was performed from October 1, 2019, to September 1, 2022. A total of 99 patients were randomized to receive systemic use of hydroxychloroquine (n = 50), or topical use of 0.05% dexamethasone (n = 49) for 4 weeks. The response to both treatment modalities was evaluated according to reticulation, hyperemic, and ulceration (RHU) score and visual analog scale (VAS) score.ResultsAfter 4 weeks of medication, both groups showed substantial reduction in RHU and VAS score (p < 0.05). In hydroxychloroquine group, the average of RHU score was reduced from 10.60 to 7.68 (dropped 27.49%), and the average of VAS score was reduced from 3.74 to 2.47 (dropped 34.09%). There were no differences between the two groups in reduction of RHU score and VAS score (p > 0.05). Single factor analysis found hyperemic area (p = 0.019) and erosive/ulcerative area (p = 0.024) had impacts on drug efficacy of hydroxychloroquine, and logistic regression revealed that no factors (p > 0.05) influenced its efficacy.ConclusionThese findings indicate hydroxychloroquine is a safe and effective agent in treating atrophic/erosive/ulcerative OLP.
Effects of levetiracetam treatment on autonomic nervous system functions in pediatric epilepsy patients
Authors: Direk Meltem Çobanoğulları , Epcacan Serdar , Özdemir Asena Ayca , Uysal Fahrettin , Okuyaz Çetin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the effects of levetiracetam (LEV) treatment on cardiac rhythm and heart rate variability.MethodsThe study included two groups of patients diagnosed with non‐lesional epilepsy who had not yet been treated and who presented to the outpatient pediatric neurology clinic at Van Training and Research Hospital, Van, Turkey, between 2019 and 2020. The heart rate variability (HRV) of 47 patients in the first group, before and at the 3rd month of treatment, and intravenous (IV) LEV loading in 13 patients in the second group was evaluated by Holter electrocardiography (ECG).ResultsIt was determined that the values of triangular index, standard deviation of the RR intervals over a 24‐hour period (SDNN), standard deviation of all 5‐minute mean RR intervals (SDANN), mean of standard deviations of all normal RR intervals (SDNNI), the percentage of RR intervals with >50‐millisecond variation (PNN50), and the square root of mean squared differences of successive RR intervals (RMSSD). HRV of 47 patients under LEV treatment significantly increased in the 3rd month of treatment compared to baseline (p < 0.05). No difference was found in HRV between the intravenous loading and the control group (p > 0.05).ConclusionsOur study suggests that the sympathovagal balance before treatment in the patient group is in favor of the sympathetic nervous system and that the sympathovagal imbalance improves after treatment. Our results show that LEV monotherapy and loading have no negative effect on HRV and potential cardiac arrhythmia risk in children with epilepsy.
Absolved from the neoliberal burden of responsibility: The effect of populist victim rhetoric on leader support
Authors: Neerdaels Jasper , Tröster Christian , Van Quaquebeke Niels , Licata Laurent 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA common explanation for the success of populists is that they rhetorically shift blame for their followers' hardships toward “elites,” therefore creating a culpable outgroup. However, we argue that there are two confounded effects at play here: shifting blame toward an outgroup and shifting blame away from oneself. Therefore, we theorize that above and beyond elite blame, victimization rhetoric heightens leader support because it specifically relieves followers of the pressure of having to take responsibility for negative life outcomes, especially when they subscribe to neoliberal competition ideology. Supporting our predictions, we show via a survey that victim rhetoric increases leader support while controlling for elite blame, especially among people subscribing to neoliberal competition ideology. In a subsequent experiment, we replicate the findings causally and show that the effect works by reducing perceived personal responsibility for negative life outcomes. Our results indicate that populist rhetoric involves shifting blame toward others and away from oneself. This can explain some of the conundrums that have plagued the literature, such as why elites also fall for populist rhetoric. We discuss our findings in relation to cultural differences and differences in left‐ versus right‐wing populism.
Understanding non‐normative civil resistance under repression: Evidence from Hong Kong and Chile
Authors: Li Mengyao , Adra Aya , Yuen Samson , Vargas Salfate Salvador , Chan Ka‐Ming , Baumert Anna 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe present research examined the psychological processes underlying engagement in non‐normative forms of resistance and the role of repression. We conducted two studies in the contexts of two distinct social movements, both characterized by high levels of repression— the Anti‐Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement in Hong Kong and the “Chilean Spring” protests of 2019–2020. First, we tested whether non‐normative resistance was motivated by (1) moralization of non‐normative actions (moralization hypothesis), (2) perceived low efficacy of normative actions and lack of hope (nothing‐to‐lose hypothesis), or (3) perceived efficacy of non‐normative actions in achieving movement goals (strategic choice hypothesis). Our results provided converging evidence for the moralization and strategic choice hypotheses, but not the nothing‐to‐lose hypothesis. Furthermore, we proposed and provided evidence for a model of movement escalation, whereby experiences of police violence predicted stronger willingness to engage in future non‐normative actions via heightened motivations for non‐normative resistance and increased risk perceptions. Taken together, these findings illuminate that repression in the form of coercive police violence may be ineffective in quelling social unrest. Rather, it can contribute to the radicalization of protesters. Potential boundary conditions and cross‐contextual generalizability of the current results are discussed.
High positive carbonate carbon isotope excursion identified in the North China Craton: Implications for the Lomagundi–Jatuli Event
Authors: Zhang Shuan‐Hong , Wang Hong‐Yu , Tang Hao‐Shu , Cai Yu‐Hang , Kong Ling‐Hao , Pei Jun‐Ling , Zhang Qi‐Qi , Hu Guo‐Hui , Zhao Yue 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecords of the Lomagundi–Jatuli Event (LJE) are well preserved globally, but high δ13Ccarb carbonates have not been identified in the North China Craton (NCC). Our results on ~3–4 km thick carbonates from the newly confirmed Palaeoproterozoic successions in Fanhe Basin in the northeastern NCC show that the ~2.20–2.06 Ga carbonates have positive carbon isotope excursion and those deposited after 2.06 Ga have normal carbon isotope. Specially, carbonates from the Daposhan Formation have δ13Ccarb values of 10.2‰–11.8‰, which is the largest positive carbon isotope excursion in the NCC. The ~2.20–2.06 Ga carbonates in Fanhe Basin have similar δ13Ccarb values as those contemporaneously deposited in other cratons and their δ13Ccarb values exhibit a decreasing trend from ~2.20 Ga to 2.06 Ga. Our identification of carbonates with high positive δ13Ccarb values in Fanhe Basin not only casts new lights on records of the LJE in the NCC, but also provides important constraints on global significance of the positive δ13Ccarb excursion of LJE.
Integrating domain knowledge and graph convolutional neural networks to support river network selection
Authors: Yu Huafei , Ai Tinghua , Yang Min , Li Jingzhong , Wang Lu , Gao Aji , Xiao Tianyuan , Zhou Zhe 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDeep learning is increasingly being used to improve the intelligence of map generalization. Vector‐based map generalization, utilizing deep learning, is an important avenue for research. However, there are three questions: (1) transforming vector data into a deep learning data paradigm; (2) overcoming the limitation of the number of samples; and (3) determining whether existing knowledge can accelerate deep learning. To address these questions, taking river network selection as an example, this study presents a framework integrating hydrological knowledge into graph convolutional neural networks (GCNNs). This framework consists of the following steps: constructing a dual graph of river networks (DG_RN), extracting domain knowledge as node attributes of DG_RN, developing an architecture of GCNNs for the selection, and designing a fine‐tuning rule to refine the GCNN results. Experiments show that our framework outperforms existing machine learning and traditional feature sorting methods using different datasets and achieves good morphological consistency after the selection. Furthermore, these results indicate that DG_RN meets the data paradigm of graph deep learning, and the framework integrating existing characteristics (i.e., Strahler coding, the number of tributaries, the distance between proximity rivers, and upstream drainage area) mitigates the dependence of GCNNs on plenty of samples and enhance its performance.
The suppression task and first‐order predicate calculus
Authors: López‐Astorga Miguel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe suppression task challenges classical logic. Classical logic is monotonic. However, in the suppression task, an inference with the form of modus ponendo ponens is inhibited by adding a new premise. Several explanations have been given to account for this fact. The present paper indicates three of them as examples: that of the theory of mental models, that based on logic programming and closed world assumption, and that referring to Carnap's concept of state‐descriptions. Besides, the paper offers one more explanation linked to Carnap's idea of reduction. It proposes sentences akin to a reduction sentence, a pair reduction, and a bilateral reduction sentence. Those sentences are related to the initial conditional in the suppression task. This proposal tries to stay within first‐order predicate logic.
Sexual exclusion and the right to sex
Authors: Halwani Raja 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPhilosophers have recently expressed interest in the question as to whether there is a right to sex, a right whose justification is motivated by the existence of sexually excluded people – people who suffer from involuntary long‐term sexual deprivation (owing, say, to a chronic medical condition). This paper, after offering preliminary remarks about what a right to sex and its objects might be and who might have this right, surveys seven justifications for the right: linkage arguments, need, well‐being, a minimally decent life, being a basic good, justice, and relationships. The paper argues that a right to sex does not likely exist because none of the justifications are convincing. The paper then argues that despite the lack of justification, and because sexual exclusion is a problem worthy of attention, people's sexual needs can be addressed through the lens of goals instead of rights. This not only takes sexual exclusion seriously enough but also avoids the crucial problems associated with rights‐talk, especially that of sexual coercion.
Breakthrough invasive fungal infections on isavuconazole prophylaxis in hematologic malignancy & hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients
Authors: Khatri Akshay M. , Natori Yoichiro , Anderson Anthony , Jabr Ra'ed , Shah Shreya A. , Natori Akina , Chandhok Namrata S. , Komanduri Krishna , Morris Michele I. , Camargo Jose F. , Raja Mohammed 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundIsavuconazole (ISA) is a newer antifungal used in patients with history of hematologic malignancies and hematopoietic transplant and cellular therapies (HM/TCT). Although it has a more favorable side‐effect profile, breakthrough invasive fungal infections (bIFIs) while on ISA have been reported.MethodsIn this single‐center retrospective study evaluating HM/TCT patients who received prophylactic ISA for ≥7 days, we evaluated the incidence and potential risk factors for bIFIs.ResultsWe evaluated 106 patients who received prophylactic ISA. The patients were predominantly male (60.4%) with median age of 65 (range: 21–91) years. Acute myeloid leukemia (48/106, 45.3%) was the most common HM, with majority having relapsed and/or refractory disease (43/106, 40.6%) or receiving ongoing therapy (38/106, 35.8%).Nineteen patients (17.9%) developed bIFIs–nine proven [Fusarium (3), Candida (2), Mucorales plus Aspergillus (2), Mucorales (1), Colletotrichum (1)], four probable invasive pulmonary Aspergillus, and six possible infections. Twelve patients were neutropenic for a median of 28 (8–253) days prior to bIFI diagnosis. ISA levels checked within 7 days of bIFI diagnosis (median: 3.65 μg/mL) were comparable to industry‐sponsored clinical trials.All‐cause mortality among the bIFI cases was 47.4% (9/19).We also noted clinically significant cytomegalovirus co‐infection in 5.3% (1/19). On univariate analysis, there were no significant differences in baseline comorbidities and potential risk factors between the two groups.ConclusionISA prophylaxis was associated with a significant cumulative incidence of bIFIs. Despite the appealing side‐effect and drug‐interaction profile of ISA, clinicians must be vigilant about the potential risk for bIFIs.
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Evaluation of the addition of adrenaline in a bilateral maxillary nerve block to reduce hemorrhage in dogs undergoing sharp staphylectomy for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. A prospective, randomized study
Authors: Williams Phillipa J. , De Gennaro Chiara , Demetriou Jackie L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the use of adrenaline (0.00198%) in a bilateral maxillary nerve block to reduce intraoperative hemorrhage in dogs undergoing staphylectomy for the treatment of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS).Study designProspective, randomized, double‐blinded controlled study.Sample populationA total of 32 client owned, clinically affected dogs undergoing a cut and sew sharp staphylectomy for treatment of BOAS. A total of 16 dogs randomly assigned to adrenaline (A) group and 16 to no‐adrenaline (NA) group.MethodsA bilateral maxillary nerve block was performed in all dogs prior to staphylectomy using lidocaine alone (group NA) or a combination of lidocaine and adrenaline (group A). Total hemorrhage was measured by weighing cotton‐tipped applicators and swabs used on precision scales. In addition, a semi‐quantitative hemorrhage score (1–5) was determined. Dogs were monitored for intraoperative hemodynamic stability during the procedure.ResultsTotal hemorrhage was significantly (p = .013) lower in group A compared with group NA. The median semi‐quantitative hemorrhage score was significantly lower for group A (p = .029) compared with group NA. No significant adverse effects were noted due to adrenaline usage.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the use of adrenaline in a bilateral maxillary nerve block results in significantly lower intraoperative hemorrhage during cut and sew sharp staphylectomy and appeared safe to use.Clinical significancePotential clinical advantages include improved visualization, prevention of unnecessary blood loss and reduction in risk of blood aspiration.
Learning Foreign Language Towards Its Media and Identity To Motivate Student’s Personal Growth
Authors: Rahmat Wahyudi , Fitriyah Rifkah , Zulfa Z , Riza Armilia , Afrinda Putri Dian , Fitri Rahayu , Pebriani Yulia , Endila Wahyuni 
Published: October 2023

Over the past few years, motivational research on language learning has focused on how learners see language knowledge as a medium and part of their inherent identity. This article presents a study that explores the significance of personal growth as a motivator for Indonesian university students learning Arabic and English. The research employs qualitative interviews to collect data and thoroughly examines the role of personal growth in student motivation. In analysis methods, the study emphasizes its comprehensive approach to investigating personal growth's role in student motivation while thoroughly examining the collected information. Next, this article will present the main findings and argue that personal growth and the desire of Indonesian students to broaden their horizons strongly motivate them to further their education in Saudi Arabia. Finally, the article ends by finding that language and culture courses should be designed around relevant topics related to students' experiences and memories, thus allowing reflection and course content to present new ideas to students who sometimes might challenge their views.
Spiking-Free Disturbance Observer-Based Sliding-Mode Control for Mismatched Uncertain System
Authors: Wang Yang , Guan Yan , Li Huanyun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFor the mismatched uncertain system, a novel spiking-free disturbance observer (DO)-based sliding-mode control (SMC) scheme is developed. First, a DO is proposed to estimate the mismatched uncertainty. A new sliding-mode surface is developed by using the system states, the estimation of mismatched uncertainty, and a spike suppression term. Then, an SMC method is proposed by using the developed sliding-mode surface. Compared with existing SMC schemes, the proposed spiking-free DO-based SMC has two advantages: (1) the mismatched uncertainty can be effectively suppressed; (2) the harmful spike problem of extended disturbance observer (EDO)-based and extended state observer (ESO)-based SMC schemes when the observer gain is high can be avoided. Finally, the simulation is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme by comparing the proposed and existing SMC schemes.
Fragility of Delay Margin Against Platoon Size in a Connected Vehicle System; Network Design and Multiple Trials
Authors: Wang Duo , Sipahi Rifat 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Linear stability of a car following model is investigated considering time delays due to human reaction times and communication delays. In multiple trials, we generate networks of randomly arranged legacy and autonomous vehicles, each vehicle type respecting some connectivity rules. Next, the largest amount of delay the vehicle network can tolerate without becoming unstable is computed. This delay, also known as the delay margin (DM), can become sensitive with respect to platoon size under certain connectivity rules. We demonstrate this “fragility” property, and next propose a new network-design policy with which DM can be made robust against platoon size.
Closed-Form Dynamic Modeling and Performance Evaluation of a 4-Degrees-of-Freedom Parallel Driving Mechanism
Authors: Huang Yangyang , Zhang Jinzhu , Xiong Xiaoyan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Kinematic estimations and dynamic performance assessments are fundamental theoretical issues to realize the mechanism from conceptual design to engineering application. In this article, the closed-form dynamic formulations of a 4-degrees-of-freedom (DoFs) parallel driving mechanism are derived by combining the Lagrange method and the virtual work principle. The selection principle of generalized coordinates and the steps for inverse dynamics modeling of the manipulator are proposed. Simulation results verify the correctness of the dynamic model, and a physical prototype has been built. Based on the dynamic modeling, the concise algebraic expression of the operational space inertia matrix of the parallel driving mechanism is deduced. Because the translation and rotation degrees-of-freedom are inconsistent in the operational space, the Jacobian matrix is adopted to map the inertia matrix from the operational space to the joint space. Based on the inertia matrix in joint space, the average energy transfer efficiency (AETE) index is proposed. Finally, two control techniques for the manipulator implementable in joint space are compared. The AETE index and dynamic modeling method suggested in this article can be further used in other manipulators for dynamic analysis and motion system design.
Active Fluidic Control of a Nozzle Guide Vane Throat
Authors: Spens Alexander , Bons Jeffrey P. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Experiments were conducted to validate the building blocks of a fluidically controlled variable area turbine concept that uses injected high-pressure air to effectively reduce the choke area of the turbine inlet. Preliminary results from a simple quasi-1D converging-diverging nozzle, with an injection flow slot upstream of the throat, showed a 2.2:1 ratio between throttled mass flowrate and injected mass flowrate at a constant nozzle pressure ratio. The penetration of the injection flow and corresponding reduction in the primary flow streamtube were successfully visualized using a shadowgraph technique. Building on this success, a representative single passage nozzle guide vane transonic flowpath was constructed to demonstrate feasibility beyond the quasi-1D converging-diverging nozzle. Both secondary slot blowing from the vane pressure surface and vane suction surface just upstream of the passage throat again successfully reduced primary flow. In addition, fluidic vortex generators were used on the adjacent suction surface to reduce total pressure loss and further throttle the primary flow. Implications for the application of this active flow control technology to a variable area turbine are considered.