bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conditional expression of a myocardium‐specific transgene in zebrafish transgenic lines
Authors: Huang Chiu‐Ju , Jou Tzuu‐Shuh , Ho Yi‐Lwun , Lee Wu‐Hsun , Jeng Yu‐Ting , Hsieh Fong‐Jou , Tsai Huai‐Jen 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTo develop the first heart‐specific tetracycline (Tet)‐On system in zebrafish, we constructed plasmids in which the cardiac myosin light chain 2 promoter of zebrafish was used to drive the reverse Tet‐controlled transactivator (rtTA) and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene was preceded by an rtTA‐responsive element. In the zebrafish fibroblast cell‐line, rtTA‐M2, one of rtTA's derivatives, demonstrated the highest increase in luciferase activity upon doxycycline (Dox) induction. We then generated two germ lines of transgenic zebrafish: line T03 was derived from microinjection of a plasmid containing rtTA‐M2 and a plasmid containing a responsive reporter gene, whereas line T21 was derived from microinjection of a single dual plasmid. Results showed that line T21 was superior to line T03 in terms of greater GFP intensity after induction and with of minimal leakiness before induction. The photographic images of induced GFP in the heart of F2 larvae showed that the fluorescent level of GFP was dose‐responsive. The level of GFP expressed in the F3 3 days postfertilization larvae that were treated with Dox for 1 hr decreased gradually after the withdrawal of the inducer; and the fluorescent signal disappeared after 5 days. The GFP induction and reduction were also tightly controlled by Dox in the F3 adult fish from line T21. This Tet‐On system developed in zebrafish shows much promise for the study of the gene function in a specific tissue at the later developmental stage. Developmental Dynamics 233:1294–1303, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oligonucleotide‐based microarray analysis of retinoic acid target genes in the protochordate, Ciona intestinalis
Authors: Ishibashi Tomoko , Usami Takeshi , Fujie Manabu , Azumi Kaoru , Satoh Nori , Fujiwara Shigeki 
Published: June 2005

AbstractOligonucleotide‐based microarray analyses were carried out to identify retinoic acid target genes in embryos of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. Of 21,938 spots, 50 (corresponding to 43 genes) showed over twofold up‐regulation in retinoic acid‐treated tail bud embryos. In situ hybridization verified retinoic acid‐induced up‐regulation of 23 genes. Many of them were expressed in the anterior tail region, where a retinaldehyde dehydrogenase homolog is expressed. Homologs of vertebrate genes involved in neurogenesis and/or neuronal functions (e.g., COUP‐TF, Ci‐Hox1, and SCO‐spondin) were expressed in the central nervous system of Ciona embryos, and activated by retinoic acid. Genes encoding transcription factors (e.g., Ci‐lmx1.2, vitamin D receptor, and Hox proteins) and apoptosis‐related proteins (e.g., transglutaminase and an apoptosis‐inducing factor homolog) were also activated by retinoic acid. Simultaneous treatment of embryos with retinoic acid and puromycin revealed a few direct targets, including genes encoding Ci‐Hox1, Ci‐Cyp26, and an Rnf126‐like ring finger protein. Developmental Dynamics 233:1571–1578, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental analyses of the function of the proepicardium using a new microsurgical procedure to induce loss‐of‐proepicardial‐function in chick embryos
Authors: Männer Jörg , Schlueter Jan , Brand Thomas 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe proepicardium (PE) is a primarily extracardiac progenitor cell population that colonizes the embryonic heart and delivers the epicardium, the subepicardial and intramyocardial fibroblasts, and the coronary vessels. Recent data show that PE‐derived cells additionally play important regulatory roles in myocardial development and possibly in the normal morphogenesis of the heart. Developmental Dynamics 233, 2005. Research on the latter topics profits from the fact that loss‐of‐PE‐function can be experimentally induced in chick embryos. So far, two microsurgical techniques were used to produce such embryos: (1) blocking of PE cell transfer with pieces of the eggshell membrane, and (2) mechanical excision of PE. Both of these techniques, however, have their shortcomings. We have searched, therefore, for new techniques to eliminate the PE. Here, we show that loss‐of‐PE‐function can be induced by photoablation of the PE. Chick embryos were treated in ovo by means of a window in the eggshell at Hamburger and Hamilton (HH) stage 16 (iday 3). The pericardial coelom was opened, and the PE was externally stained with a 1% solution of Rose Bengal by means of a micropipette. Photoactivation of the dye was accomplished by illumination of the operation field with visible light. Examination on postoperative day 1 (iday 4, HH stages 19/20) disclosed complete removal of PE in every experimental embryo. On iday 9 (HH stages 33/34), the survival rate of experimental embryos was 35.7% (15 of 42). Development of the PE‐derivatives was compromised in the heart of every survivor. The abnormalities encompassed hydro‐ or hemopericardium, epicardium‐free areas with aneurysmatic outward bulging of the ventricular wall, thin myocardium, defects of the coronary vasculature, and abnormal tissue bridges between the ventricles and the pericardial wall. Our results show that photoablation of the PE is a powerful technique to induce long‐lasting loss‐of‐PE‐function in chick embryos. We have additionally obtained new data that suggest that the embryonic epicardium may make important contributions to the passive mechanics of the developing heart. Developmental Dynamics 233:1454–1463, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modal model identification of structures under unmeasured seismic excitations
Authors: Sepe Vincenzo , Capecchi Danilo , De Angelis Maurizio 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTechniques developed for structural identification of a structural model are typically based on information regarding the response and the forcing actions. However, in some situations it can be necessary, or simply useful, to refer only to the measured responses. In this paper we describe a technique suitable for identifying the modal model of a spatial frame in the frequency domain when the seismic input is unknown both in time contents and direction. In some previous theoretical works we established that this identification problem has a unique solution when at least three time‐history responses are known. Here numerical techniques are developed which allow the evaluation of the modal quantities in practice. Numerical applications are carried out on plane and spatial framed structures by using a modal model which may be complete, including all the structure's modes, or incomplete, including only the lowest modes. In most cases the obtained results are satisfactory. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rock albedo and monitoring of thermal conditions in respect of weathering: some expected and some unexpected results
Authors: Hall Kevin , Lindgren B. Staffan , Jackson Peter 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBroadly speaking, there is, at least within geomorphic circles, a general acceptance that rocks with low albedos will warm both faster and to higher temperatures than rocks with high albedos, reflectivity influencing radiative warming. Upon this foundation are built notions of weathering in respect of the resulting thermal differences, both at the grain scale and at the scale of rock masses. Here, a series of paving bricks painted in 20 per cent reflectivity intervals from black through to white were used to monitor albedo‐influenced temperatures at a site in northern Canada in an attempt to test this premise. Temperatures were collected, for five months, for the rock surface and the base of the rock, the blocks being set within a mass of local sediment. Resulting thermal data did indeed show that the dark bricks were warmer than the white but only when their temperatures were equal to or cooler than the air temperature. As brick temperature exceeded that of the air, so the dark and light bricks moved to parity; indeed, the white bricks frequently became warmer than the dark. It is argued that this ‘negating’ of the albedo influence on heating is a result of the necessity of the bricks, both white and black, to convect heat away to the surrounding cooler air; the darker brick, being hotter, initially convects faster than the white as a product of the temperature difference between the two media. Thus, where the bricks become significantly hotter than the air, they lose energy to that air and so their respective temperatures become closer, the albedo influence being superceded by the requirement to equilibrate with the surrounding air. It is argued that this finding will have importance to our understanding of weathering in general and to our perceptions of weathering differences between different lithologies. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Logging effects on sediment flux observed in a pollen‐based record of overbank deposition in a northern California catchment
Authors: Constantine José A. , Pasternack Gregory B. , Johnson Michael L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA palynological approach was used to estimate overbank deposition rates in a forested catchment affected by logging. The palynological approach uses downcore variations in total fossil pollen and fossil pollen assemblage to calculate rates of overbank deposition and has a distinct advantage over radioisotopic approaches in that it is not limited by radioactive decay. Using this approach, we determined that overbank deposition rates increased over 400 per cent within years of logging events and that the increased rates persisted for less than 4 years. After logging‐induced deposition peaked, overbank deposition decreased over 60 per cent relative to the pre‐logging background values. The decreased deposition rates persisted for over 40 years. The immediate effect of logging in this catchment was to induce mass‐wasting events in hollows that produced rapidly travelling sediment pulses. In the subsequent recovery period, reduced sediment loading occurred as a result of a reduction in the volume of sediment available for transport. The reduction in sediment load led to a reduction in overbank deposition rates until subsequent logging disturbances destabilized and emptied other hollows. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An automated salt‐tracing gauge for flow‐velocity measurement
Authors: Planchon Olivier , Silvera Norbert , Gimenez Raphael , Favis‐Mortlock David , Wainwright John , Bissonnais Yves Le , Govers Gerard 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis article introduces the SVG (salt‐velocity gauge), a novel automated technique for measuring flow velocity by means of salt tracing. SVG allows a high measuring rate (up to one every 2 seconds), short control section length (down to 10 cm), high accuracy (+[sol ]−1·5 cm s−1), and unbiased calculation of the mean velocity in experimental conditions with turbulent, supercritical flow.A few cubic centimetres of saturated salt solution (NaCl) are injected into the flow at regular time intervals using a programmable solenoid valve. The tracer successively passes two conductivity probes placed a short distance downstream. The transformation of the signal between the two probes is modelled as a one‐dimensional diffusion wave equation. Model calibration gives an estimation of the mean velocity and the diffusion for each salt plume.Two implementations of the SVG technique are described. The first was an outdoors simulated rainfall experiment in Senegal (conductivity probes at 40 cm apart, 8 Hz measurement rate, salt injections at 10 second intervals). Mean velocity was estimated to range between 0·1 and 0·3 m s−1. The second was a laboratory‐based flume experiment (conductivity probes at 10 cm apart, 32 Hz, salt injections at 2 second intervals). Another SVG with probes at 34 cm apart was used for comparison. An acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) was also used to give an independent assessment of velocity. Using the 10 cm salt gauge, estimated mean velocity ranged from 0·6 to 0·9 m s−1 with a standard deviation of 1·5 cm s−1. Comparisons between ADV, 10 cm SVG and 34 cm SVG were consistent and demonstrated that the salt‐tracing results were unbiased and independent of distance between probes. Most peaks were modelled with r2 > 90 per cent.The SVG technology offers an alternative to the dye‐tracing technique, which has been severely criticized in the literature because of the wide interval of recommended values for the correction factor α to be applied to the timings. This article demonstrates that a fixed value of α is inappropriate, since the correction factor varies with velocity, diffusion and the length of the control section. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding the temporal dynamics of the wandering Renous River, New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Burge Leif M. , Lapointe Michel F. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWandering rivers are composed of individual anabranches surrounding semi‐permanent islands, linked by single channel reaches. Wandering rivers are important because they provide habitat complexity for aquatic organisms, including salmonids. An anabranch cycle model was developed from previous literature and field observations to illustrate how anabranches within the wandering pattern change from single to multiple channels and vice versa over a number of decades. The model was used to investigate the temporal dynamics of a wandering river through historical case studies and channel characteristics from field data.The wandering Renous River, New Brunswick, was mapped from aerial photographs (1945, 1965, 1983 and 1999) to determine river pattern statistics and for historical analysis of case studies. Five case studies consisting of a stable single channel, newly formed anabranches, anabranches gaining stability following creation, stable anabranches, and an abandoning anabranch were investigated in detail. Long profiles, hydraulic geometry, channel energy, grain size and sediment mobility variables were calculated for each channel.Within the Renous study area, the frequency of channel formation and abandonment were similar over the 54 years of analysis, indicating that the wandering pattern is being maintained. Eight anabranches were formed through avulsions, five were formed through the emergence of islands from channel bars and 11 anabranches were abandoned. The stable anabranch pair displayed similar hydraulic geometry and channel energy characteristics, while unstable anabranch pairs did not. The anabranch pair that gained stability displayed more similar channel energy characteristics than the anabranch pair that was losing stability (abandoning). It appears that anabranch pairs with similar energy characteristics are more stable than anabranches where these characteristics are out of balance. This is consistent with the hypothesis that anabranch pairs of similar length will be more stable than those with dissimilar lengths. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The challenge of turbulence modelling in modern aeronautical design
Authors: Hutton A. G. , Ashworth R. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractModern aeronautical design is driven by a number of factors such as evolving operational requirements, the relentless drive to reduce costs and increasingly stringent environmental constraints. These have led to the requirement to treat a range of complex turbulent flow regimes. Designers demand a fine balance between simplicity of approach and competency, and thus research has inevitably focussed upon RANS‐based turbulence modelling. This paper reviews the considerable progress of recent years in improving model proficiency for aerodynamic applications. The limitations to what can be achieved are discussed and it is suggested that some important flow regimes are beyond the RANS approach. The opportunities for the development and adoption of more advanced strategies such as hybrid RANS/LES methods are briefly examined. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A high‐order TVD transport method for hybrid meshes on complex geological geometry
Authors: Matthäi S. K. , Mezentsev A. A. , Pain C. C. , Eaton M. D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe paper presents a new implicit pressure–implicit saturation higher‐order accurate in space and second‐order accurate in time advection–dispersion scheme for the hyperbolic transport equations in porous media with discrete three‐dimensional representation of material interfaces. We develop adaptive time differencing methods to use time steps greater than the mesh Courant number (Courant–Friedrich–Levy condition, CFL). The paper pays special attention to hybrid discretization of subsurface geometry, placing emphasis on the multiphase flow in fractured petroleum reservoirs. We also introduce numerical iso‐parametric double mapping integration method for node‐centred hybrid meshes and use it in our transport scheme. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of regime switches between stationary and nonstationary processes and economic forecasting
Authors: Fukuda Kosei 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIt often occurs that no model may be exactly right, and that different portions of the data may favour different models. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new procedure for the detection of regime switches between stationary and nonstationary processes in economic time series and to show its usefulness in economic forecasting. In the proposed procedure, time series observations are divided into several segments, and a stationary or nonstationary autoregressive model is fitted to each segment. The goodness of fit of the global model composed of these local models is evaluated using the corresponding information criterion, and the division which minimizes the information criterion defines the best model. Simulation and forecasting results show the efficacy and limitations of the proposed procedure. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cisplatin activates Akt in small cell lung cancer cells and attenuates apoptosis by survivin upregulation
Authors: Belyanskaya Larisa L. , Hopkins‐Donaldson Sally , Kurtz Stefanie , Simões‐Wüst Ana Paula , Yousefi Shida , Simon Hans‐Uwe , Stahel Rolf , Zangemeister‐Wittke Uwe 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) survivin is overexpressed in many tumors but is absent in most normal adult tissues. We report high levels of survivin expression in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and describe the role of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway in survivin upregulation. Moreover, the cytoprotective function of survivin in response to the anti‐cancer agent cisplatin (CDDP) was investigated. Negative modulation of PI3K/Akt using pharmacological inhibitors or dominant negative Akt (DN‐Akt) decreased Akt kinase activity and resulted in decreased survivin expression and phosphorylation on Thr34, whereas transfection of constitutively active Akt (CA‐Akt) increased survivin expression and phosphorylation. Interestingly, we found that treatment of SCLC cells with CDDP further increased survivin expression in a cell cycle independent manner by activation of Akt. CA‐Akt or lentiviral survivin also inhibited apoptosis induced by CDDP, whereas DN‐Akt or survivin‐specific RNA interference sensitized cells to CDDP. We identified survivin as an anti‐apoptotic protein in SCLC cells that is regulated by Akt, and demonstrate that treatment with the DNA damaging agent CDDP activates the PI3K/Akt/survivin pathway that in part protects cells from drug‐induced apoptosis. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monocyte/lymphocyte interactions and the foreign body response: In vitro effects of biomaterial surface chemistry
Authors: MacEwan Matthew R. , Brodbeck William G. , Matsuda Takehisa , Anderson James M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTo determine the effect of biomaterial surface chemistry on leukocyte interaction and activity at the material/tissue interface, human peripheral blood monocytes and lymphocytes were cultured on a series of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)‐based biomaterials. Both monocytes and lymphocytes were isolated from whole human blood and separated by a nonadherent density centrifugation method before being plated on PET disks, surface modified by photograft copolymerization to yield hydrophobic, hydrophilic, anionic, and cationic surface properties. Monocytes and lymphocytes were cultured separately, to elicit baseline levels of activity, in direct coculture, to promote direct cell surface interactions, or in an indirect coculture system with both cell types separated by a 0.02‐μm Transwell apparatus, to promote indirect paracrine interactions. Monocyte adhesion, macrophage fusion, and lymphocyte proliferation were measured on days 3, 7, 10, and 14 of culture. Results demonstrated that the presence of monocytes increased the activity of cocultured lymphocytes at the biomaterial/tissue interface, while the corresponding presence of lymphocytes increased the activation and fusion of indirectly cocultured monocytes. Biomaterial surface chemistry was also found to have a significant effect on monocyte adhesion and activation, and lymphocyte activity. Hydrophilic surfaces significantly inhibited both initial and long‐term monocyte adhesion, and inhibited lymphocyte proliferation at longer time points. Anionic and cationic surfaces both exhibited mild inhibition of monocyte adhesion at prolonged time points, yet evoked different responses in lymphocyte populations. Anionic surfaces increased lymphocyte proliferation at longer time points and increased levels of macrophage fusion, while cationic surfaces decreased levels of lymphocyte proliferation and inhibited monocyte activity. These results elucidate the complex role of juxtacrine and paracrine interactions between monocytes and lymphocytes in the foreign body response, as well as promote the consideration of hydrophilic surfaces in future designs of implantable biomedical devices and prostheses. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Effects of 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) and leptin on hypothalamic mRNA expression of factors participating in food intake regulation in a TCDD‐sensitive and a TCDD‐resistant rat strain
Authors: Lindén Jere , Korkalainen Merja , Lensu Sanna , Tuomisto Jouko , Pohjanvirta Raimo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAn acutely toxic dose of 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) leads to a drastically and permanently reduced feed intake and wasting by an unknown mechanism. We focused on the possible interference of TCDD with hypothalamic factors known to take part in the regulation of eating and metabolism, utilizing the over 1000‐fold TCDD‐sensitivity difference between Long‐Evans (Turku/AB; L‐E) and Han/Wistar (Kuopio) rats. The mRNA expression of 18 hypothalamic factors (including NPY, AgRP, and CART) was measured by quantitative RT‐PCR at 6, 24 and 96 h after TCDD administration. The effects of TCDD were compared with those of leptin and with feed restriction employing a TCDD dose that elicited a severe reduction of feed intake in L‐E rats. TCDD mainly modified expression of orexigenic factors causing an initial suppression followed by reversal to enhanced expression by 96 h. The latter was also seen in feed‐restricted controls. In contrast, leptin altered both orexigenic and anorexigenic factor mRNAs in a more even manner and its effects were clustered at 6 h. The transient nature of feeding‐promoting factor suppression does not strongly support a key role for this phenomenon in TCDD‐induced wasting syndrome. However, the fact that TCDD mainly affected orexigenic factors and the temporal differences in response found between the rat strains warrant further research. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 19:139–148, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20065