bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nucleolar organizer region count and subjective AgNOR pattern assessment (SAPA) score in skin tumors
Authors: Khanna Ajay Kumar , Giri Arun Kumar , Khanna Anuradha , Kumar Mohan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo study the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) count and subjective AgNOR pattern assessment (SAPA) score in cytologic and histologic specimens of various skin tumors.Study DesignThe study group consisted of 37 patients (14 benign and 23 malignant) of various skin tumors. In all cases, cytology by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), and histological specimens were studied by conventional staining and silver staining for AgNOR.ResultsThe mean count in benign tumors in cytologic specimens was 2.08 ± 0.01, compared with 5.50 ± 1.12 in malignant tumors (P<0.001). In histologic specimens, mean count was 2.13 ± 0.51 in benign, compared with 5.38 ± 1.10 in malignant tumors (P<0.001). The SAPA score in benign tumors (P<0.001) in cytologic specimens, was 6.07 ± 0.83, compared with 10.65 ± 1.27 in malignant tumors, and in histology, it was 6.07 ± 0.87 in benign, compared with 10.83 ± 1.15 in malignant tumors (P < 0.001). Melanoma showed the higher AgNOR count compared with squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. The parameters were statistically significant between the grade of tumor in squamous cell carcinoma and the positivity of lymph nodes as demonstrated by SAPA score. No correlation was found between the clinical stage and Clark level of melanoma. Although, AgNOR count and SAPA score showed similar results, the indicators of validity were higher in SAPA than AgNOR count.ConclusionAlthough, AgNOR count and SAPA score gave similar results, but the indicators of validity were higher in SAPA score than AgNOR count. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;78:273–278. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Career paths and labour mobility in the conventions and exhibitions industry in eastern Australia: results from a preliminary study
Authors: McCabe Vivienne 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Conventions and Exhibitions Industry has undergone substantial economic growth worldwide and is seen as an excellent provider of new employment opportunities. The sector is recognised and considered attractive for both new and existing employees and provides excellent career prospects. However careers within the sector are relatively new with little information available as to potential progression or pathways. In an industry that is subject to high mobility rates and labour turnover this paper presents the preliminary findings of a study that is focused on establishing the potential career paths, patterns and strategies of managers in the convention and exhibition industry in Australia. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CKO wanted — evangelical skills necessary: a review of the Chief Knowledge Officer position
Authors: Bontis Nick 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOne of the key challenges for business executives in the knowledge era is to manage intellectual capital. Drawing upon: (1) the author's personal experience as CKO of Knexa.com – the world's first knowledge exchange auction; and (2) the relatively nascent literature on the roles and responsibilities of CKOs, this paper highlights five perspectives that a CKO must embrace to be successful: (1) CKO as Knowledge Sharing Icon; (2) CKO as Trust Steward; (3) CKO as Total Trainer; (4) CKO as Techno Nerd; and (5) CKO as Number‐crunching Accountant. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behaviour of cadmium and nickel in a soil amended with sewage sludge
Authors: Sastre I. , Vicente M. A. , Lobo M. C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVarious urban and industrial sewage sludges were applied to a soil at two doses (50 and 100 t ha−1 y−1) during eight years in a field experiment. The soil was analysed at two depths (0–30 and 30–60 cm) for extractable cadmium and nickel. In general these trace metal increased with dosage. However, cadmium formed complexes with organic matter and nickel bound to iron and manganese oxides. Hence, the available fractions of these metals constituted a small proportion of the total content. The results obtained show a low risk of contamination due to the available fractions of these metals at sludges dosages of up to 100 t ha−1. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alternative indications for laser‐assisted tympanic membrane fenestration
Authors: Cook Steven P. , Deutsch Ellen S. , Reilly James S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveTo assess the utility of the CO2 Flashscanner laser for treatment of selected middle ear diseases other than otitis media with effusion (OME) and acute otitis media (AOM).Study Design/Materials and MethodsA retrospective review of the records of 144 patients treated with the OtoLAM® device, a Flashscanner laser, between July 1, 1998, and February 29, 2000. Patients treated for AOM or OME were excluded.ResultsData are presented on 11 patients (17 ears). Four indications were identified: Elimination of middle ear fluid before auditory brainstem response with or without otoacoustic emission testing (ABR ± OAE), barotrauma, eustachian tube obstruction, tympanocentesis when a culture of middle ear fluid was deemed necessary. All tympanic membranes (TM) healed.ConclusionsFenestration of the TM can be accomplished for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Laser assisted tympanic membrane fenestration seems to be effective in the management of middle ear fluid before ABR ± OAE, barotrauma, eustachian tube dysfunction, and for tympanocentesis. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:320–323, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laser resistance of expandable metal stents in interventional bronchoscopy: An experimental evaluation
Authors: Hautmann Hubert , Huber Rudolf M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveNd‐YAG non‐contact laser therapy is used to eliminate recurrent tumor tissue within airway stents. This study was performed to determine maximum exposure time until the stent wire is destroyed as well as exposure time necessary to deliberately fracture the wire mesh.Study Design/Materials and MethodsStrecker stents, Wallstents, and Nitinol Accuflex stents were implanted into pig bronchi. Then Nd‐YAG laser light was directed to the stent wires at different power levels. Portions of the stent surrounded by bronchial tissue as well as bare wires were investigated.ResultsThe Strecker stent and the Wallstent revealed a considerably higher laser resistance than did the Nitinol Accuflex stent. At 15 W, minimum exposure time until wire destruction was 4.6 and 6.3 s for the Strecker stent and the Wallstent respectively. In contrast, the Nitinol Accuflex stent tolerated only 1.7 s.ConclusionsLaser therapy with bronchial wire stents can be carried out at low power levels. It should, however, be avoided in the case of Nitinol Accuflex stents due to their low heat tolerance. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:70–72, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diode laser assisted transcervical tubal sterilization: An in vivo study in rabbits
Authors: Spörri Stefan , Bell Brent , Yandell Roger , Motamedi Massoud 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveTo investigate the sterilization effectiveness of endoluminal tubal photocoagulation on tubal lumen obliteration.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four female rabbits were subjected to laparotomy and hysterotomy. Endoluminal tubal photocoagulation was induced over a length of 3 cm in the proximal, extramural fallopian tube by using a cylindrical diffusing tip that emitted diode laser radiation at 805 and 980 nm wavelengths. Tubal patency was evaluated by observing patterns of injected methylene blue and/or breeding success rates.ResultsPostoperative recovery was uneventful in all animals. Evidence of occlusion of the tubal lumen included a negative methylene blue test in all 12 tubes treated (tubal occlusion rate 100%) and failure to conceive in 17 of 18 uteri (contraception rate 94.5%). Although identical power settings were used, distinctly lower tubal surface temperatures (about 10°C) were obtained with the 805 nm diode laser as compared to the 980 nm diode laser.ConclusionsThe described endoluminal tubal photocoagulation method using a diode laser emitting longer wavelengths (e.g., 980 nm) is suitable for safe and effective sterilization in rabbits and has potential as a new transcervical tubal sterilization method for humans. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:379–385, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decreased mitogenic response to epidermal growth factor in human squamous cell carcinoma lines overexpressing epidermal growth factor receptor owing to limiting amounts of the adaptor protein Grb2: Rescue by retinoic acid treatment
Authors: Crowe David L. , Tsang Kenneth J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGrowth factor receptors of the tyrosine kinase family regulate proliferation of a variety of cell types. In some human cancers, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its ligands often are overexpressed, leading to both constitutive and autocrine activation. Intracellular signaling via this receptor takes place through several mechanisms of action, including activation of ras and the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Our previous studies have shown that human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) lines overexpress EGFR and do not increase proliferation in response to exogenous epidermal growth factor (EGF). The vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) has been used as a chemotherapeutic drug in the treatment of SCC. RA decreases proliferation of SCC lines, in part owing to inhibition of EGFR expression. However, we previously found that treatment of SCC lines with inhibitory doses of RA sensitized cells to the proliferative effects of EGF. We now present a mechanism of action for this effect. RA inhibited expression of EGFR and proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway. Expression of these molecules returned to basal levels within 24 h after RA withdrawal. RA also inhibited autocrine secretion of EGF, which returned to basal levels with slower kinetics. During this time, addition of exogenous EGF stimulated mitosis in SCC lines. These data suggested that signaling proteins downstream of overexpressed EGFR may have limited the mitotic response in SCC lines. In support of this hypothesis, overexpression of the EGFR adaptor protein Grb2 increased cell proliferation and restored EGF‐induced mitosis. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A major breakpoint cluster domain in murine radiation‐induced acute myeloid leukemia*
Authors: Finnon Rosemary , Moody John , Meijne Emmy , Haines Jackie , Clark Debbie , Edwards Alan , Cox Roger , Silver Andrew 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCytogenetic and molecular studies have provided evidence of the clustering of chromosome 2 deletion breakpoints in radiation‐induced murine acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Moreover, clustering occurs in at least two fragile domains rich in telomere‐like arrays. Here we describe a physical map of the distal breakpoint cluster and confirm the presence of inverted head‐to‐head telomeric sequence arrays. These potentially recombinogenic sequences were not, however, the direct focus for post‐irradiation chromosome breakage in AML. Instead, the two arrays bordered a 2.5‐kb sequence with properties expected of a nuclear matrix attachment region (MAR). The putative MAR co‐localized in the fragile domain with genes important to the hemopoietic system (leukocyte tyrosine kinase, zinc finger protein 106, erythrocyte protein band 4.2, and β2‐microglobulin (β2m)); the β2m subdomain was a particular focus of breakage. On the basis of these and other data, we suggest that AML‐associated chromosome 2 fragility in the mouse is a consequence of domain‐specific fragility in genomic domains containing numerous genes critical to the hemopoietic system. Copyright © Crown Copyright 2002. Recorded with the permission of the controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of human papillomavirus‐16 long control region activity by interferon‐gamma overcome by p300 overexpression
Authors: Fontaine Véronique , van der Meijden Els , ter Schegget Jan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough interferons (IFNs) are currently used in the treatment of various human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated lesions, their mechanisms of action are still unclear. In this study, we clearly demonstrated that IFN‐γ was a strong inhibitor of HPV‐16 long control region (LCR) activity in two human cervical carcinoma cell lines. The effect of IFN‐γ was dose dependent. We investigated whether the effect of IFN‐γ on HPV‐16 LCR could involve the inhibition of the CREB‐binding protein (CBP)/p300 family of transcriptional coactivators. In support of this model, we demonstrated by transfection experiments that a 12S E1A mutant (RG2), which interacts poorly with p300 and CBP in comparison to wild‐type E1A, was less able to repress human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 long control region (LCR) than wild‐type E1A. More important, overexpression of p300 was able to increase the HPV‐16 LCR activity and to overcome inhibition by IFN‐γ. Finally, we demonstrated that p300 could cooperate with c‐jun to activate HPV‐16 LCR. According to our results, IFN‐γ might inhibit HPV‐16 LCR transcription by activating the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1α, which in turn might compete for p300/CBP binding with specific transcription factors involved in LCR activation. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fibrous rigid‐rod heterocyclic polymer as the stationary phase in packed capillary gas chromatography
Authors: Saito Yoshihiro , Imaizumi Motohiro , Nakata Kaori , Takeichi Tsutomu , Kotera Kenzo , Wada Hiroo , Jinno Kiyokatsu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA fibrous rigid‐rod polymer was successfully introduced as the stationary phase in capillary gas chromatography (GC) and the basic separation performance was investigated. Zylon®, poly(p‐phenylene‐2,6‐benzobisoxazole), fibers were adopted as the stationary phase taking into account the chemical structure, heat resistance, solvent resistance, and the physical strength for the convenience in column packing process. About 330 and 600 filaments of the polymer were packed longitudinally into fused‐silica capillaries of 0.32 and 0.53 mm inner diameter, respectively, and the separation of several test mixtures, such as n‐alkylbenzenes and n‐alkanes was carried out with these fiber‐packed capillary columns in GC. The results clearly indicated that the fiber‐packed capillary columns have a great potential as the separation media for volatile compounds. The results also showed the possibility of the synthesis of novel tailored polymer fiber to separate particular class of compounds based on the specific selectivity by the chemical structure of the fiber. Coated‐fiber packings were also evaluated to confirm the contribution of the fibers and the coatings to the separation characteristics. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 259–264, 2001
Purity testing of air‐sensitive organometallic compounds by capillary supercritical fluid chromatography
Authors: Bruheim I. , Fooladi E. , Lundanes E. , Greibrokk T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCapillary supercritical fluid chromatography with flame ionization detection has been used to test the purity of air‐sensitive organometallic compounds such as bisethenepentamethylcyclopentadienylcobalt (Cp*Co(C2H4)2), dicarbonylcyclopentadienylcobalt (CpCo(CO)2), dicarbonylpentamethylcyclopentadienylcobalt (Cp*Co(CO)2), bisethenepentamethyl cyclopentadienylrhodium (Cp*Rh(C2H4)2), bisethenecyclopentadienylrhodium (CpRh(C2H4)2), carbonyl(1,3‐dimesitylimidazol‐2‐ylidene)cyclopentadienylcobalt (CpCo(CO)(carbene)) and ethene(1,3‐dimesitylimidazol‐2‐ylidene)pentamethylcyclopentadienylrhodium (Cp*Rh(C2H4)(carbene)). A sample introduction cell was constructed for loading of 10–40 mg of the air‐sensitive compounds in 100% N2 atmosphere. The sample cell was subsequently filled with toluene or pentane and the analytes in solution were injected onto the 50 μm i.d. capillary column using a timed split injector with 60 nL loop. A nonpolar (5% phenylsiloxane/95% methyl siloxane) stationary phase was used and a mobile phase consisting of 100% CO2 with pressure programming. No signs of air‐induced decomposition of the analytes were observed and impurities down to 1% could be determined using SFC‐FID. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 156–162, 2001
Does stimulation of the GPi control dyskinesia by activating inhibitory axons?
Authors: Wu Y.R. , Levy R. , Ashby P. , Tasker R.R. , Dostrovsky J.O. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA 69‐year‐old woman with Parkinson's disease and levodopa‐induced dyskinesias had a deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode inserted into the right globus pallidus internus (GPi). During the operation, the GPi was mapped with dual microelectrode recordings. Stimulation through one microelectrode in GPi inhibited the firing of GPi neurons recorded with another microelectrode 600–1,000 μm distant. The inhibition could be obtained with pulse widths of 150 μs and intensities as low as 10 μA. Single stimuli inhibited GPi neurons for ∼50 ms. Trains of 300 Hz stimuli inhibited GPi neuron firing almost completely. Postoperatively, stimulation through macroelectrode contacts located in the posterior ventral pallidum controlled the patient's dyskinesias. The effect could be obtained with pulse widths of 50 μs and frequencies as low as 70–80 Hz. We postulate stimulation of the ventral pallidum controls dyskinesias by activating large axons which inhibit GPi neurons. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Combined pancreaticoduodenal‐kidney transplantation in rats
Authors: Yongping Gu , Jianyun Gu , Jieshou Li 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe objective of this work was to establish a stable and simple simultaneous pancreaticoduodenal‐kidney transplantation model in rats. The methods involved harvesting a pancreaticoduodenal‐kidney (left) (PDK) and 1‐cm inferior vena cava (IVC) with a 0.5‐cm left and right iliac communis vein from donors and to “cuff” anastomose between portal vein and right iliac communis vein, left kidney vein, and left iliac communis vein, converging donor portal vein and left kidney vein into IVC together. Next, we performed an anastomosis of the donor arterial segment and recipient abdominal aorta and a “cuff” anastomosis between donor IVC and recipient left kidney vein. Of 67 transplanted rats in which diabetes was induced, 57 survived >7 days, 55 survived 1 month, 54 rats have survived >4 months. In 51 rats, nonfasting plasma glucose levels were euglycemic. We performed three “cuff” anastomoses to simplify the surgical procedure and to shorten the ischemia time of the graft; the recipient vein system has an integrated endovenous membrane to avoid venous thrombi in venous anastomosis sites. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 21:55–57 2001
Processed porcine collagen tubulization versus conventional suturing in peripheral nerve reconstruction: An experimental study in rabbits
Authors: Heijke Guda C.M. , Klopper Pieter J. , Van Doorn Ilona B.M. , Baljet Bob 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn peripheral nerve reconstruction, various procedures are used. One of the procedures that received the most interest in the past decade is the tubulization technique for small nerve gaps. A disadvantage in the use of non‐biodegradable tubes is that the material often has to be removed owing to its mechanical properties. Some investigators, in exploring the use of collagen tubes, being a natural biodegradable material, found either allogenicity or xenogenicity and immune responses that may inhibit nerve regeneration. Processed porcine collagen (PPC) is a new inert and biodegradable material that has a favorable effect on wound healing, as demonstrated by experiments on other tissues. The aim of our study was to compare the healing of nerve sutures with PPC tubes with conventional end‐to‐end sutures. In our experiments, we reconstructed the saphenous nerves of 27 rabbits. In series 1 (n = 12) and 2 (n = 12), PPC tubes were slid over an end‐to‐end nerve suture without or with a 10‐mm nerve gap, respectively. In series 3 (n = 12), conventional suturing was performed in the collateral saphenous nerves of the animals of series 1. Epineurial suturing was performed. Three other non‐operated saphenous nerves served as controls. The healing was studied after 3, 6, and 12 months in sections stained by monoclonal antibodies and by conventional histologic staining. Morphometric analysis of the regenerating axons was done by using confocal scanning laser microscopy (CLSM). Data analysis was carried out using a software program especially developed for this purpose. All results were evaluated statistically. Our results showed that during the healing period in the distal nerve stump, the number of axons of the PPC procedure with a 10‐mm gap was significantly higher than that in the procedure without a gap. At 12 months, the mean number of axons of all procedures was significantly lower than in the non‐operated nerve, and the mean axon diameter in all distal stumps did not differ significantly from that of the non‐operated nerve. In the distal nerve stump, the ratio of total axon area to total fascicle area in the PPC procedure with a gap was significantly higher than that in the conventional suturing procedure. After 12 months, there was no significant difference between the percentages of axon outgrowth of the PPC procedure without a gap, the conventional suturing procedure, and the non‐operated nerve (100%). The percentage of axon outgrowth in PPC with a gap was significantly higher than in the other procedures. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 21:84–95 2001
In vivo measurement of oxygen‐derived free radicals during reperfusion injury
Authors: Büttemeyer Rolf , Philipp Andreas W. , Mall Julian W. , Ge Bixia , Scheller Frieder W. , Lisdat Fred 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBy use of an optimized cytochrome c‐based biosensor, superoxide radical production was measured continuously in vivo. The aim of this study was the online detection of superoxide concentration during reperfusion after a variable time of ischemia. Measurements were performed by placing the detecting sensor into gastrocnemius muscle tissue. Ischemia was induced by clamping the vena and arteria femoralis. Current response of the sensor was recorded continuously as an equivalent for superoxide concentration. Ischemia times varied from 5 to 120 minutes. The minimum ischemia time to record superoxide production was 10 minutes. By inducing longer periods of ischemia, an increase in superoxide concentration reached its highest levels at 2 hours. Furthermore, the total time of superoxide production after reperfusion depended on the total time of ischemia. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:108–113 2002
Existence implies uniqueness for a class of singular anisotropic elliptic boundary value problems
Authors: Cîrstea Florica Şt. , Radulescu Vicenţiu D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe consider a singular anisotropic quasilinear problem with Dirichlet boundary condition and we establish two sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of the solution, provided such a solution exists. The proofs use elementary tools and they are based on a general comparison lemma combined with the generalized mean value theorem. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The l.s.c. regularization of the Signorini problem in plasticity
Authors: Bojarski Jaroslaw L. , De Schepper Hennie 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper we study the problem of the lower semicontinuous (l.s.c.) regularization of the Signorini problem in Hencky plasticity for a special class of elastic‐perfectly plastic solids. We show that the relaxation given by Bojarski (Nonlinear Analysis, Theory, Methods & Applications 1997; 29(10) 1091) is the l.s.c. regularization of the Signorini problem in the case that the elastic‐perfectly plastic potential sastisfies a specific condition, which is a modification of the von Mises plastic principle. Moreover, we show the relation between the relaxation proposed by Suquet (Non‐smooth Mechanics and Applications. Springer Verlag: Wien, 1988) and the relaxation proposed by Kohn and Temam (Applied Mathematics and Optimization 1993; 10(1):1). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.