bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mean latitudinal range sizes of bird assemblages in six Neotropical forest chronosequences
Authors: Dunn Robert R. , Romdal Tom S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAim The geographical range size frequency distributions of animal and plant assemblages are among the most important factors affecting large‐scale patterns of diversity. Nonetheless, the relationship between habitat type and the range size distributions of species forming assemblages remains poorly understood. We examined how the mean latitudinal range sizes of species in Neotropical bird species assemblages shift during forest clearance and subsequent regeneration. We tested the hypothesis that bird species assemblages in early successional habitats tend to have larger latitudinal ranges than those in more mature forests.Location We considered breeding bird chronosequence data from six Neotropical forests.Results Breeding bird assemblages were found to have the species with the largest average latitudinal range sizes in cleared areas, intermediate in young secondary forests and smallest in old secondary and mature forests. Similar differences were also found when we compared congeners differing in their successional preferences. Sizes of regional ranges (within the Neotropics) did not, however, differ consistently among successional stages. The larger latitudinal (but not regional) ranges of early successional species was as a result in part of the tendency of early successional species to have ranges that extend beyond the Neotropical forest biome.Conclusions Our analysis of chronosequences suggests that as early successional habitats mature, a consistent shift from large‐ranged species towards more small ranged species occurs. Even relatively old secondary forests have bird species with larger average ranges than mature forests. As a consequence, conservation of secondary forests alone will miss many of the species most at risk of extinction and most unlikely to be conserved in other locations or biomes.
A triple mutation in the second transmembrane domain of mouse dopamine transporter markedly decreases sensitivity to cocaine and methylphenidate
Authors: Chen Rong , Han Dawn D. , Gu Howard H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPreviously, we reported that Phe105 in transmembrane domain 2 of the mouse dopamine transporter (DAT) is crucial for high‐affinity cocaine binding. In the current study, we investigated whether other residues surrounding Phe105 also affect the potency of cocaine inhibition. After three rounds of sequential random mutagenesis at these residues, we found a triple mutant (L104V, F105C and A109V) of mouse DAT that retained over 50% uptake activity and was 69‐fold less sensitive to cocaine inhibition when compared with the wild‐type mouse DAT. The triple mutation also resulted in a 47‐fold decrease in sensitivity to methylphenidate inhibition, suggesting that the binding sites for cocaine and methylphenidate may overlap. In contrast, the inhibition of dopamine uptake by amphetamine or methamphetamine was not significantly changed by the mutations, suggesting that the binding sites for the amphetamines differ from those for cocaine and methylphenidate. Such functional but cocaine‐insensitive DAT mutants can be used to generate a knock‐in mouse line to study the role of DAT in cocaine addiction.
Comparative evaluation of positron emission tomography radiotracers for imaging the norepinephrine transporter: (S,S) and (R,R) enantiomers of reboxetine analogs ([11C]methylreboxetine, 3‐Cl‐[11C]methylreboxetine and [18F]fluororeboxetine), (R)‐[11C]nisoxetine, [11C]oxaprotiline and [11C]lortalamine
Authors: Ding Yu‐Shin , Lin Kuo‐Shyan , Logan Jean , Benveniste Helene , Carter Pauline 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have synthesized and evaluated several new ligands for imaging the norepinephrine transporter (NET) system in baboons with positron emission tomography (PET). Ligands possessing high brain penetration, high affinity and selectivity, appropriate lipophilicity (log P = 1.0–3.5), high plasma free fraction and reasonable stability in plasma were selected for further studies. Based on our characterization studies in baboons, including 11C‐labeled (R)‐nisoxetine (Nis), oxaprotiline (Oxap), lortalamine (Lort) and new analogs of methylreboxetine (MRB), in conjunction with our earlier evaluation of 11C and 18F derivatives of reboxetine, MRB and their individual (R,R) and (S,S) enantiomers, we have identified the superiority of (S,S)‐[11C]MRB and the suitability of MRB analogs [(S,S)‐[11C]MRB > (S,S)‐[11C]3‐Cl‐MRB > (S,S)‐[18F]fluororeboxetine] as potential NET ligands for PET. In contrast, Nis, Oxap and Lort displayed high uptake in striatum (higher than in thalamus). The use of these ligands is further limited by high non‐specific binding and relatively low specific signal, as is characteristic of many earlier NET ligands. Thus, to our knowledge (S,S)‐[11C]MRB remains by far the most promising NET ligand for PET studies.
Acute up‐regulation of glutamate uptake mediated by mGluR5a in reactive astrocytes
Authors: Vermeiren Céline , Najimi Mustapha , Vanhoutte Nicolas , Tilleux Sébastien , De Hemptinne Isabelle , Maloteaux Jean‐Marie , Hermans Emmanuel 
Published: June 2005

AbstractExcitatory transmission in the CNS necessitates the existence of dynamic controls of the glutamate uptake achieved by astrocytes, both in physiological conditions and under pathological circumstances characterized by gliosis. In this context, this study was aimed at evaluating the involvement of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) in the regulation of glutamate transport in a model of rat astrocytes undergoing in vitro activation using a cocktail of growth factors (G5 supplement). The vast majority of the cells were found to take up aspartate, mainly through the glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST), and at least 60% expressed functional mGluR5a. When exposed for 15 s to the selective group I mGluR agonist (S)‐3,5‐dihydroxyphenylglycine, reactive astrocytes showed a significant increase in their capacity to take up aspartate. This effect was confirmed at the single‐cell level, since activation of mGluRs significantly increased the initial slope of aspartate‐dependent Na+ entry associated with the activity of glutamate transporters. This up‐regulation was inhibited by an antagonist of mGluR5 and, more importantly, was sensitive to a specific glutamate transporter 1 (GLT‐1) blocker. The acute influence of mGluR5 on aspartate uptake was phospholipase C‐ and protein kinase C‐dependent, and was mimicked by phorbol esters. We conclude that mGluR5a contributes to a dynamic control of GLT‐1 function in activated astrocytes, acting as a glial sensor of the extracellular glutamate concentration in order to acutely regulate the excitatory transmission.
Wintering behaviour and spatial ecology of Eurasian WoodcockScolopax rusticolain western France
Authors: DURIEZ OLIVIER , FRITZ HERVÉ , SAID SONIA , FERRAND YVES 
Published: June 2005

The spatial ecology of wintering Eurasian WoodcocksScolopax rusticolawas investigated to determine whether hunting‐free forest reserves offer adequate protection to all individuals. The analysis of movements performed by 65 radiotagged Woodcocks during three consecutive winters in Brittany revealed the existence of three types of individual strategies. During daylight hours, 34% of birds remained in a unique core area (of 1.1 ha) during January and February while 18% used several core areas successively (never came back to a previously used core) and 48% alternated between several core areas (exploratory movements around several core areas visited several times). Alternating diurnal strategies seemed to result from a lower abundance of food (earthworms), whereas this was not the case in the unique core‐use strategy. The successive core‐use strategy was considered as a subset of the ‘unique’ strategy, for which birds were forced to change sites because of a lower abundance of food after depletion. During the night, 62% of birds showed alternative core‐use whereas 33% lived in a unique core and the ‘successive’ strategy was almost absent. As food abundance was similar in the night cores used by birds under each strategy, we discuss the reasons for the nocturnal strategies in relation to individual differences in territoriality or the ability to detect predators. Both diurnal and nocturnal strategies led most of the birds to leave the reserve, and the important use of bocage and hedges by day (by 39% of birds) and meadows at night (83% of birds used meadows on more than 70% of nights), around the protected forest, call for their inclusion in management plans around reserves.
Behaviour, home‐range size and habitat use by male Great Bittern Botaurus stellaris in Britain
Authors: GILBERT GILLIAN , TYLER GLEN , SMITH KEN W. 
Published: June 2005

This paper describes the first use of radiotracking to follow closely the secretive Great Bittern Botaurus stellaris, and to quantify its reedbed habitat preferences at a fine scale. Eight males were tracked at two sites in Britain, at which they were mainly resident through the winter. Their median home‐range sizes were 14.6, 19.3 and 33.1 ha during the booming, moult and winter periods, respectively, and home‐ranges were, on average, composed of 30% open pools and 48% reedbed edge (of 30 m width). Great Bitterns were most often active in reed with 20 cm water depth within the 30‐m reed edge next to water, whereas areas of reedbed near scrub or further from the water's edge were avoided. Reed edge adjacent to open pools was preferred over that adjacent to channels and ditches. These results provide a basis for conservation recommendations on the quantity and composition of reedbed habitat and provide the scientific basis for a national programme of reedbed rehabilitation and restoration.
Annual and seasonal trends in the use of garden feeders by birds in winter
Authors: CHAMBERLAIN DAN E. , VICKERY JULIET A. , GLUE DAVID E. , ROBINSON ROBERT A. , CONWAY GREG J. , WOODBURN RICHARD J. W. , CANNON ANDREW R. 
Published: June 2005

Provision of bird food in gardens is a common activity that may provide an alternative food source to birds in winter. Long‐term survey data recording the weekly presence of all bird species using garden feeders in the winter were analysed to see if there was any evidence of trends in feeder use between 1970 and 2000 and whether these trends were correlated with breeding bird population trends. Of 41 species analysed, 21 showed significant increases in occurrence at garden feeders between 1970 and 2000. Many of these increases were evident only in the last 10 years. Several species showed significant positive correlations between trends in winter garden use and trends in relative population size in the previous breeding season. This was especially the case for species with population change (either increase or decrease) of the greatest magnitude. There was no evidence that seasonal shifts in garden feeder use were associated with population change in any species. Temperature was an important predictor of garden use but could not explain the year‐to‐year trends. However, as the number of feeding stations had increased over time the response of birds to the greater food availability in gardens may have been responsible for the widespread increases in occurrence of several species.
Change in the post‐discharge destinations from a senile dementia therapy ward in Japan: the second report
Authors: NAKAGAWA Yasushi , TSURUTA Ryunosuke , SAKURAI Osamu , MIYAZAKI Miho , TSUKAMOTO Shinobu , NAKAGAWA Chiyuki , HARANO Mutsuo , YUZURIHA Takefumi , MONJI Akira , YAMASHITA Norifumi , NOHTOMI Akito 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBackground:  The new long‐term care insurance (LTCI) system, known as Kaigo‐Hoken, was implemented in April 2000. We previously reported a change in the type of destination after discharge from a senile dementia therapy ward (named the Midori ward) following implementation of the LTCI system at Fukuoka Prefectural Onga Hospital during the period from 1 April 1999 to 31 March 2001 in Psychogeriatrics (2003; 3: 104–108). We subsequently investigated the type of destination after discharge from the Midori ward at Fukuoka Prefectural Onga Hospital during the period from 1 April 2001 to 31 March 2002.Methods:  We used data from a total of 320 discharged inpatients with dementia who fulfilled the criteria according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM‐IV) for dementia of the Alzheimer's type, vascular dementia and other types of dementia. We compared the period from 1 April 1999 to 31 March 2000 before the LTCI implementation and the periods from 1 April 2000 to 31 March 2001 and 1 April 2001 to 31 March 2002 after the LTCI implementation. The type of destination after discharge and the place of origin of the inpatients before admission were classified into one of the following groups: (i) nursing home or geriatric care facility group; (ii) hospitalization group; (iii) home group; and (iv) death group.Results:  No significant change was evident when the subjects’ post‐discharge destinations were compared or when the subjects’ pre‐admission residences and post‐discharge destinations were compared. These results were similar to our previous report which appeared in Psychogeriatrics (2003; 3: 104–108).Conclusion:  While the LTCI system has become more widely used, it is still necessary to analyze each case and provide the care that encourages people with dementia in senile dementia therapy wards to return to their homes under the LTCI system.
Can Transient Ischaemic Attacks and Classical Migraine Always be Distinguished?
Authors: Peatfield R. C. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISAlthough it has long been appreciated that migrainous aura symptoms can occur without headache, it is less well known that headache often follows apparently embolic transient ischaemic attacks. It is suggested that these two diagnoses may originate with similar, if not identical, mechanisms, and that a predisposition to spreading depression may underly those clinical features usually considered characteristic of migraine.
Cognitive Therapy and Relaxation Training in Muscle Contraction Headache: Efficacy and Cost‐Effectiveness
Authors: Attanasio Virginia , Andrasik Frank , Blanchard Edward B. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe purpose of this study was first, to examine the efficacy of adding a cognitive therapy component to traditional relaxation training; and second, to examine the feasibility and cost‐effectiveness of administering these treatments in a largely self‐ad‐ministered format for headache patients. Twenty‐five muscle contraction headache sufferers were assigned to one of three treatment conditions, which provided either relaxation training alone or relaxation training in combination with cognitive therapy. Procedures were delivered utilizing either a therapist‐ad‐ministered office‐based format, or a largely self‐administered format designed to provide significantly less therapist contact than the office‐based procedure. At one‐month post‐treatment, patients in all 3 conditions exhibited significant decreases in headache activity, with no significant differences between the groups, although then appeared to be a slight advantage for the cognitive groups and for groups with increased therapist contact. Patients in all 3 groups evidenced significantly greater use of relaxation and cognitive strategies at post‐treatment, with the combined treatment groups showing slightly greater use of the latter. Additionally, all 3 groups decreased their use of traditional medical strategies. There were no significant differences in cost‐effectiveness among the 3 groups. However, overall this study suggests that largely self‐administered treatments can result in significant improvements in headache, while substantially reducing the total amount of therapist contact.
Impaired Time Perception in Patients with Chronic Headache
Authors: Isler Hansreudi , Solomon Seymour , Spielman Arthur J. , Wittlieb‐Verpoort Elke 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe retrospective estimation of duration of an event appears to depend upon the amount of information processed within a given interval. Little information processing leads to under‐estimation of duration while an increase in the amount of information processed raises the duration estimate of the interval. During chronic recurring headache, patients usually exhibit automatic responses directed toward avoiding stress in general and sensory stimulation in particular. This reduction of information processing would be expected to lead to under‐estimation of duration of the headache. When headache free, the estimates of duration should increase. These hypotheses were tested in three experiments. In the first experiment, 38 patients with primary headache (migraine, muscle contraction, or mixed headaches) were asked to estimate the duration of a respiratory biofeedback session. Patients with headache at the time of the session gave significantly lower estimates of the duration of the session than patients without headache. The second experiment was similar to the first, but used electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback in 44 patients. Those patients with headache again tended to underestimate the du ration of the biofeedback session to a greater degree than patients without symptoms. A third experiment with 23 primary headache patients showed a tendency to overestimate the duration of a reading task during headache free intervals as compared with 30 normal controls. The perceived shortened duration of an experience during headache may have clinical implications. Normal time perspective, which usually shortens the subjective duration of previous events, may be enhanced by this additional bias. The perception of much shorter intervals between past drug intake and headache relief would tend to create the impression of loss of drug efficiency for the present headache, leading to increased frequency and dosage of medication. The misperceived shortening of the latencies of therapeutic effect in previous headaches may be one of the causes of drug abuse.
Growth and Lipid Metabolism in Girls and Young Women with Epilepsy during Pubertal Maturation
Authors: Mikkonen Kirsi , Knip Mikael , Pakarinen Arto J. , Lanning Peter , Isojärvi Jouko I. T. , Vainionpää Leena K. 
Published: June 2005

Summary:  Purpose: To assess growth and the serum lipid profile in girls with epilepsy receiving monotherapy at a mean age of 12.6 years and approximately 6 years later. Methods: A population‐based cohort of 77 girls with epilepsy and 49 healthy controls participated in this follow‐up study including two cross‐sectional evaluations (age range, 8–18.5 years on the first evaluation, and 12.5–25.8 years on the second evaluation). Forty of the patients were initially taking valproate (VPA), 19, carbamazepine (CBZ), and 18, oxcarbazepine (OXC). Growth data were compiled, body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and serum total (TC), and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL‐C) and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL‐C) cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were analyzed. Results: Linear growth and final height did not differ between the patients and the controls. At follow‐up, the mean BMI of the patients who were off medication (61%) was similar to that of the controls, whereas the patients initially treated with VPA who were still taking any medication had a higher BMI. On the first evaluation, the patients taking VPA had low serum HDL‐C, and those taking CBZ or OXC had high serum TC and LDL‐C concentrations. At follow‐up, serum lipid levels were similar in the patients off medication and the controls. Conclusions: Neither epilepsy nor antiepileptic therapy affects linear growth or final height, but they may have unfavorable effects on body weight and serum lipid concentrations. Lipid‐profile impairment seems to be transient if the medication is discontinued. Overweight is common in patients treated with VPA during puberty if epilepsy and medication continue into adulthood.
Retinal Electrophysiological Results in Patients Receiving Lamotrigine Monotherapy
Authors: Arndt Carl F. , Husson Jeremie , Derambure Philippe , Hache Jean Claude , Arnaud Bernard , Defoort‐Dhellemmes Sabine 
Published: June 2005

Summary:  Purpose: To evaluate the effects on vision in patients receiving lamotrigine (LTG) monotherapy. Methods: Twenty‐four consecutive patients taking LTG for partial seizures were referred for a routine ophthalmologic examination including visual acuity testing, tonometry, slit lamp, and fundus examination. Automated kinetic perimetry, electrooculogram (EOG), and electroretinogram were performed after informed consent was obtained. Results: In 18 patients finally included, the clinical ophthalmologic examination showed no abnormality. Four patients complained of blurring; among them, one patient had a visual field constriction in both eyes, which, however, was of unclear clinical significance (poor compliance) and a reduced light/dark ratio of the electrooculogram. One other patient with blurred vision had a reduced EOG, but the visual field was normal. Two patients had a reduced EOG but no visual symptoms. Considering the whole group of patients receiving LTG therapy, the light/dark ratio of the EOG was reduced in a dose‐dependent fashion (p < 0.0001). The electroretinogram was normal in all patients. Conclusions: No irreversible visual field impairment in patients treated with LTG was encountered, although a dose‐dependent retinal toxicity may have been present. The exact cellular mechanism of the electrophysiologic changes in patients taking LTG remain to be explained.
Morphologic and Neurochemical Abnormalities in the Auditory Brainstem of the Genetically Epilepsy‐prone Hamster (GPG/Vall)
Authors: Fuentes‐Santamaría Verónica , Cantos Raquel , Alvarado Juan Carlos , García‐Atarés Natividad , López Dolores E. 
Published: June 2005

Summary:  Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate whether audiogenic seizures, in a strain of genetically epilepsy‐prone hamsters (GPG/Vall), might be associated with morphologic alterations in the cochlea and auditory brainstem. In addition, we used parvalbumin as a marker of neurons with high levels of activity to examine changes within neurons. Methods: Cochlear histology as well as parvalbumin immunohistochemistry were performed to assess possible abnormalities in the GPG/Vall hamster. Densitometry also was used to quantify levels of parvalbumin immunostaining within neurons and fibers in auditory nuclei. Results: In the present study, missing outer hair cells and spiral ganglion cells were observed in the GPG/Vall hamster. In addition, an increase was noted in the size of spiral ganglion cells as well as a decrease in the volume and cell size of the cochlear nucleus (CN), the superior olivary complex nuclei (SOC), and the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus (LL) and the inferior colliculus (IC). These alterations were accompanied by an increase in levels of parvalbumin immunostaining within CN, SOC, and LL neurons, as well as within parvalbumin‐immunostained fibers in the CN and IC. Conclusions: These data are consistent with a cascade of atrophic changes starting in the cochlea and extending along the auditory brainstem in an animal model of inherited epilepsy. Our data also show an upregulation in parvalbumin immunostaining in the neuropil of the IC that may reflect a protective mechanism to prevent cell death in the afferent sources to this nucleus.