bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nocturnal Nasal Congestion and Nasal Resistance
Authors: Stroud Robert H. , Wright Steven T. , Calhoun Karen H. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives: To compare total nasal resistance (TNR) in upright and supine positions in patients who did and did not complain of nocturnal (supine) nasal congestion symptoms without daytime (upright) congestion, and to determine what other conditions were associated with nocturnal nasal congestion (NNC) symptoms.Study Design: A prospective study comparing objectively measured nasal airflow in different positions (upright and reclining) with subjective patient symptoms.Methods: Subjects completed a questionnaire about nasal symptoms. Anterior rhinomanometry was performed with patients upright, reclined 45°, and supine. TNR in subject subsets was compared using the Student t test.Results: TNR did not differ between upright patients with (n = 27) and without (n = 20) NNC. Supine TNR (P < .04) and increase in TNR (P < .02) between upright and supine was greater in patients with NNC. Smokers (n = 15, 10 with NNC, 5 without) had greater TNR increases when supine versus nonsmokers (P < .02). Patients with rhinitis symptoms (n = 29, 18 with NNC, 11 without) had greater TNR increases when supine than patients without rhinitis (P < .01). Patients who both smoked and had rhinitis (n = 11, 7 with NNC, 4 without) had a greater supine TNR than patients who smoked or had rhinitis alone (P < .02).Conclusions: Some patients without daytime nasal congestion experience NNC. They have a significantly greater TNR increase when supine versus patients without NNC. Smokers and patients with rhinitis, with or without NNC, have a significantly greater TNR increase when supine versus nonsmokers or patients without rhinitis. Smoking cessation and treatment of rhinitis may improve the patients' NNC.
Prognostic Value of Ley and H Antigens in Oral Tongue Carcinomas
Authors: Xie Xin , Boysen Morten , Clausen Ole Petter F. , Bryne Magne A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective: To investigate the prognostic significance of the carbohydrate epitopes H and Ley and their relationship with proliferation and apoptosis.Study Design: Eighty randomly selected patients with T1‐T4 oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were studied. Serial sections were cut from diagnostic, formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded specimens.Methods: Sections were stained immunohistochemically for H antigen and Ley.Results: Expression of H antigen was associated positively with Ley expression (P = .0001). Expressions of H antigen or Ley correlated with the proliferative markers Ki67 (P = .0442 and P = .0003, respectively) and pAgNOR >1 (P = .0674 and P = .0047, respectively), but not with apoptotic markers such as Bax expression or the apoptotic index (AI). Tumors that expressed H antigen and high levels of Ley (>50%) had a poor prognosis (P = .0006 and P = .0056, respectively). Combinations of expression of H antigen and Ley, and either proliferative or apoptotic markers revealed an enhanced prognostic potential (P < .0001). The combination of pAgNOR score greater than 1 and H‐antigen expression appeared to be the best combination to predict good prognosis.Conclusion: The expression of H antigen and Ley, especially their combination with proliferative or apoptotic markers, has prognostic value in tongue SCC.
Measuring in Situ Central Airway Resistance in Patients With Laryngotracheal Stenosis
Authors: Wassermann Klaus , Koch Andrea , Warschkow André , Mathen Frank , Müller‐Ehmsen Jochen , Eckel Hans‐Edmund 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate a newly developed bronchoscopic technique for the assessment of intratracheal pressures.Study Design: In situ measurement of central airway resistance in 20 consecutive spontaneously breathing subjects. Thirteen patients had benign glottic or subglottic stenosis. Seven patients without central airway disease served as normal control subjects.Methods: A pressure catheter was introduced into the trachea via the working channel. The pressure swing was measured upstream and downstream of the stenosis. Central airflow was monitored simultaneously using a commercial pneumotachograph attached to a mouthpiece. Data acquisition frequency was 500 Hz. Prestenotic and poststenotic inspiratory and expiratory resistances could be calculated and displayed from the raw data off‐line.Results: Inspiratory and expiratory resistances measured in mid‐trachea or below the stenosis (subglottic) were 0.36 ± 0.13 and 0.35 ± 0.13 kPa·s/L for the control subjects (C), 1.11 ± 0.47 and 0.65 ± 0.26 kPa·s/L for patients who did not need to be operated on (NOOP), 7.11 ± 7.19 and 3.35 ± 2.25 kPa·s/L respectively for those who required surgical correction (OP). Supraglottic inspiratory and expiratory resistances for C were 0.22 ± 0.09 and 0.25 ± 0.06 kPa·s/L, for NOOP 0.15 ± 0.10 and 0.14 ± 0.11 kPa·s/L, and for OP 0.26 ± 0.13 and 0.24 ± 0.07 kPa·s/L respectively. The cut‐off point for surgical correction was estimated to be >2.5 kPa·s/L of inspiratory resistance. Concurrent expiratory values showed a considerable overlap between OP and NOOP. No correlation could be established between local resistance values and dyspnea score.Conclusions: In situ subglottic flow‐pressure tracing in spontaneously breathing patients who present with benign obstruction of the upper airways is well tolerated and may help to identify patients who need surgical correction.
Cochlear Fluid Space Dimensions for Six Species Derived From Reconstructions of Three‐Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Images
Authors: Thorne Marc , Salt Alec N. , DeMott John E. , Henson Miriam M. , Henson O. W. , Gewalt Sally L. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives: To establish the dimensions and volumes of the cochlear fluid spaces.Study Design: Fluid space volumes, lengths, and cross‐sectional areas were derived for the cochleas from six species: human, guinea pig, bat, rat, mouse, and gerbil.Methods: Three‐dimensional reconstructions of the fluid spaces were made from magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) images. Consecutive serial slices composed of isotropic voxels (25 μm3) representing the entire volume of fixed, isolated cochleas were obtained. The boundaries delineating the fluid spaces, including Reissner's membrane, were resolved for all specimens, except for the human, in which Reissner's membrane was not consistently resolved. Three‐dimensional reconstructions of the endolymphatic and perilymphatic fluid spaces were generated. Fluid space length and variation of cross‐sectional area with distance were derived by an algorithm that followed the midpoint of the space along the length of the spiral. The total volume of each fluid space was derived from a voxel count for each specimen.Results: Length, volume, and cross‐sectional areas are provided for six species. In all cases, the length of the endolymphatic fluid space was consistently longer than that of either perilymphatic scala, primarily as a result of a greater radius of curvature. For guinea pig specimens, the measured volumes of the fluid spaces were considerably lower than those suggested by previous reports based on histological data.Conclusions: The quantification of cochlear fluid spaces provided by this study will enable the more accurate calculation of drug and other solute movements in fluids of the inner ear during experimental or clinical manipulations.
Effects of Depletion of Complement in the Development of Labyrinthitis Ossificans
Authors: DeSautel M. Gregory , Brodie Hilary A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractHypothesis: Labyrinthitis ossificans results in part from the intense inflammatory response to Streptococcus pneumoniae cell wall components. Depletion of complement in Mongolian gerbils following induction of meningitis will reduce the degree of inflammation and subsequent cochlear fibrosis.Study Design: Random prospective study. Histological evaluations were performed with the researcher blinded to the experimental groupMethods: S pneumoniae meningitis was induced in 10 control and 18 experimental Mongolian gerbils with an intrathecal injection of the bacteria. Both groups of animals received treatment with penicillin. The experimental group was also treated with cobra venom factor to deplete complement in the animals. Three months after the induction of meningitis, the animals' temporal bones were harvested for histological evaluation.Results: The decomplemented animals developed significantly less intracochlear fibrosis (P < .01). The mortality rate for the experimental group was 11% compared with 40% in the control group (P = .14).Conclusions: Reduction of the intense inflammatory response to the S pneumoniae cell wall components in suppurative labyrinthitis secondary to bacterial meningitis reduced the degree of labyrinthitis ossificans.
Histopathological Changes of the Eustachian Tube Cartilage and the Tensor Veli Palatini Muscle With Aging
Authors: Takasaki Kenji , Sando Isamu , Balaban Carey D. , Haginomori Shin‐Ichi , Ishijima Ken , Kitagawa Miwa 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives: The eustachian tube (ET) and the tensor veli palatini muscle (TVPM) are thought to play an important role in ventilatory function. Calcification of the ET cartilage and the replacement of TVPM by fat tissue are often observed histologically in elderly patients. To our knowledge, however, there are no quantitative studies of these pathological findings in relation to age.Study Design: The calcification of the ET cartilage and the atrophy of the TVPM in 36 normal human temporal bones obtained from 36 individuals with ages ranging from 2 days to 88 years were investigated.Methods: The number of calcified chondrocytes in the midportion of the ET cartilage was quantified as the average number of cells per square millimeter. Atrophy of the TVPM was evaluated at the midportion of the site where the TVPM is attached to the tip of lateral lamina of ET cartilage. A grade of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 was assessed for each section, which indicated approximately 0% to 5%, 5% to 30%, 30% to 70%, 70% to 95%, or 95% to 100% of the TVPM replacement by fat tissue, respectively.Results: A statistically significant correlation was found between the number of the calcified cells and aging (P < .001). A statistically significant correlation was also found between the degree of the atrophy of TVPM and aging (P < .001).Conclusions: The calcification of the ET cartilage and the atrophy of the TVPM are closely associated with aging. Therefore, it is suggested that these two findings may be a predisposing factor for ET dysfunction in elderly adults.
Voice Acoustics After Autologous Fascia Injection for Vocal Fold Paralysis
Authors: Rihkanen Heikki , Lehikoinen‐Söderlund Sari , Reijonen Petri 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives: The present study was carried out to assess the impact of fascial injection on voice acoustics. Preliminary results had suggested that voice, as rated by a panel of listeners, was significantly improved after autologous fascia augmentation of a paralyzed vocal fold.Study Design: A prospective study among patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis was carried out. Eighteen subjects were analyzed 9 months (mean) after the procedure.Methods: The preoperative and postoperative samples of vowel/a/ were analyzed by Key Elemetrics (Lincoln Park, NJ). Computerized Speech Lab.Results: There was a significant improvement (P < .05) in all parameters measured, including jitter, shimmer, noise‐to‐harmonic ratio, and maximum phonation time. No laryngeal complications were seen.Conclusions: According to these preliminary results, vocal fold augmentation by an injection of autologous fascia seems a simple, inexpensive, reliable and safe method to restore voice quality after unilateral vocal fold paralysis.
Advances and Refinements in Phonosurgery
Authors: Ford Charles N. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractScientific discovery, technological advances, and improved outcomes assessment have resulted in advances and refinements in phonosurgery. Three areas of substantial evolution are phonomicrosurgery, laryngeal framework surgery, and the use of implantable materials in vocal folds. Discovery of the importance of the superficial layers of the lamina propria has led to increased use of more limited medial microflap approaches and less frequent use of the classic lateral cordotomy flap approach. Alternative approaches to managing vocal fold scarring defects have addressed the separation of body and cover and provided suitable lamina propria replacement. Approaches to sulcus vocalis have been refined to address type II (linear vergeture) and type III (focal invasive pit) sulcus, where there is loss of lamina propria, while still recognizing the common nonpathological type I (physiological) sulcus. Technological advancements such as photodynamic therapy, tuned dye lasers, and laryngeal microdebridement have augmented the armamentarium for mechanical removal of laryngeal papillomata. Careful infusion‐assisted microexcision and adjunctive medical management have been refined and made more effective. Laryngeal framework surgery has embraced the development of Silastic, hydroxylapatite, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, and titanium shims. Anatomical studies have helped to improve operative precision and safety, and have led to inventive variations in arytenoid repositioning that improve closure of the posterior subunit. Vocal fold augmentation by injection has been facilitated by innovative use of the rigid telescope and intraoperative videostroboscopy. Anatomical studies have focused on the infrafold region and rheological studies have attempted to match viscoelastic properties of injectable substances to those of vocal fold tissues. Alloplastic materials such as Teflon have been largely supplanted by newer bioimplantables such as fat, collagen, and fascia.
Inner Ear Barotrauma After Stapedectomy in the Guinea Pig
Authors: Antonelli Patrick J. , Adamczyk Melanie , Appleton Catherine M. , Parell G. Joseph 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective: The safety of scuba diving after stapedectomy is controversial. Stapedectomy is thought to predispose to inner ear barotrauma (e.g., perilymph fistula); however, many individuals continue to scuba dive following stapedectomy without ill effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cochlear effects of barotrauma, similar to that experienced with scuba diving, on inner ears previously treated with stapedectomy.Study Design: Prospective, controlled.Methods: Sixteen Hartley albino guinea pigs underwent unilateral total stapedectomy followed by hyperbaric dives on 5 consecutive days, beginning 3 weeks after stapedectomy. Cochlear effects were determined using click and tone‐pip evoked electrocochleographic thresholds and cochlear hair cell counts.Results: Mean auditory thresholds increased by 29 dB after stapedectomy (P < .001), then remained stable thereafter. Mean thresholds in both the operated and control ears did not change with hyperbaric dives. Evidence of middle ear barotrauma (e.g., hemorrhage or tympanic membrane perforation) was observed in eight poststapedectomy ears and five control ears, but none demonstrated significant threshold elevation greater than or equal to 10 dB. Hair cell counts were not different between operated and control ears.Conclusions: Stapedectomy does not appear to predispose to cochlear sequelae in the guinea pig model of diving‐related barotrauma.
Localization of Laminin Isoforms in the Guinea Pig Cochlea
Authors: Weinberger Debra G. , ten Cate Wouter‐Jan , Lautermann Juergen , Baethmann Martina 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective: To elucidate the pathogenesis of inner ear disorders by examining the distribution of a major component of basement membranes, the glycoprotein laminin.Study Design: Animal model.Methods: Adult guinea pig cochleae were fixed with methanol and sectioned. Sections were examined for the presence of laminins α2, α5, β1, and γ1 using immunohistochemistry.Results: Laminins α2, α5, and β1 were not detected. Laminin γ1 was found in the limbus, spiral ligament, and stria vascularis.Conclusions: Anti‐laminin antibodies have been found in patients with inner ear disorders. Laminin γ1 demonstrates specific staining at multiple sites in the guinea pig cochlea. These structures may be targets of antibodies causing sensorineural hearing loss.
Dendritic Cells in Precancerous Lesions of the Larynx
Authors: Sprinzl Georg Mathias , Hussl Burkhard , Obrist Peter , Yoneda Kozo , Thumfart Walter Franz , Romani Nikolaus , Schrott‐Fischer Annelies 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives: Hyperplastic lesions of the laryngeal mucosa can eventually develop into squamous cell carcinoma. The relationship between dendritic cell infiltration of head and neck cancers and prognosis is well known. Surprisingly, data regarding dendritic cell infiltration in precancerous lesions are not available today. It was the purpose of our study to extend these observations and to investigate in more detail the density and distribution of dendritic cells in precancerous lesions.Study Design: Retrospective survey by immunohistochemistry.Methods: For this study we investigated paraffin‐embedded tissue sections of 41 specimens. Histological diagnosis disclosed precancerous lesions of the larynx in 34 cases and in 7 cases, squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical study was performed using antibodies against the cell surface markers S‐100, HLA‐DR, CD20, CD45 RO, CD45 RA, and Lag. Typical dendritic cell distributions of the immunostained specimens were photographed and measured on a quantitative basis. The medical histories of the patients were then analyzed retrospectively.Results: HLA‐DR+ cells could be detected in 14 of 16 cases in mild dysplastic lesions. The infiltration of the dysplastic lesions was sparse compared to cases with higher‐graded dysplastic lesions. The distribution patterns of the dendritic cells in specimens with severe dysplastic lesions, but squamous cell carcinoma were extremely similar and markedly different from those in grades I and II specimens. Memory T lymphocytes (CD45 RO+) were detected more often in the group with severe dysplastic lesions (8 of 9 cases) than in the group with squamous cell carcinoma (3 of 8 cases). The inverse became evident for CD20 and CD45 RA immunolabeling.Conclusions: Few dendritic cells were found in the precancerous lesions. This may suggest that these early lesions (grades I and II) are not efficiently monitored by the immune system. Therefore they may develop into carcinomas unimpaired by cytotoxic T cells. As the degree of malignancy rises (grade III), more dendritic cells infiltrate the tumor.
Compliance With Anti‐Reflux Therapy in Patients With Otolaryngologic Manifestations of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Giacchi Renato J. , Sullivan Daniel , Rothstein Stephen G. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives: The otolaryngologic manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux include sore throat, throat clearing, sensation of postnasal drip, hoarseness, and globus. This constellation of laryngeal and pharyngeal symptoms can be referred to as laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). Many patients with LPR are treated empirically and the results are often rewarding. The objective of this study is to evaluate compliance with antireflux therapy in this patient population.Study Design: A prospective analysis of 30 patients referred to an otolaryngology clinic for the above symptoms.Methods: The patients were treated for LPR using a standardized behavior modification form in combination with medical management. Patient compliance was followed with a patient questionnaire and evaluation of medication renewal from pharmacy records.Results: The patients were followed for an average of 4 months and 80% reported an improvement of their symptoms. Evaluation of patient questionnaires revealed that 50% of patients reported taking their medications as prescribed. Compliance varied widely with regard to behavioral modifications. The degree of symptomatic improvement was significantly correlated with overall compliance with both medications and behavioral changes (Pearson correlation coefficient, P < .05). The individual behavioral changes that were significantly correlated with the reduction of symptoms were avoidance of food and liquid before sleep and elevation of the head of bed, but not food habits.Conclusions: The treatment plan for gastroesophageal reflux disease requires behavioral modifications and prescription medications that many patients may find difficult to follow. However, those patients who comply with the treatment plan can be expected to have an improvement of their symptoms. Furthermore, simplifying the treatment regimen including those elements most correlated with symptomatic improvement may increase patient compliance.
Saccharin Test of Maxillary Sinus Mucociliary Function After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Asai Kazuyasu , Haruna Shin‐ichi , Otori Nobuyoshi , Yanagi Kiyoshi , Fukami Masaya , Moriyama Hiroshi 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives: To determine the usefulness of the saccharin time (ST) test for evaluating the mucociliary function of the maxillary sinus after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic sinusitis.Study Design: Methods: This study was conducted on 88 maxillary sinuses of 74 patients after ESS. The maxillary sinus fontanel was broadly opened via the middle meatus using an endoscope, and a saccharin granule was adhered to the bottom of the maxillary sinus mucosa. The time until the patient recognized the sweet taste was recorded. Before the ST test, the bilateral maxillary sinuses were classified into the following four groups on the basis of the post‐ESS severity of mucosal edema and swelling as revealed by endoscopic observation: normal (45 sinuses), mild mucosal edema and swelling (24), moderate mucosal finding (14), and severe mucosal finding or filling of the sinus with a polyp(s) (5).Results: The mean ST values in the normal group and the groups with mild, moderate, and severe mucosal edema and swelling were 35.7, 38.1, 63.6, and 88.0 minutes, respectively. Thus the ST increased with the post‐ESS severity of the mucosal lesion. However, for the group with mild mucosal edema and swelling, scanning electron microscopic observation of three maxillary sinuses in which the ST exceeded 120 minutes and four sinuses in which the ST was 40 minutes revealed extensive cilia loss in the former sinuses, but not in the latter. A second post‐ESS endoscopic observation was performed in 17 patients, revealing improvement in 11 sinuses, no change in 5 sinuses, and aggravation in 1 sinus (compared with the initial test). The ST test was also repeated, revealing that the ST became shorter in most of the endoscopically improved sinus group. However, a few sinuses showed a discrepancy between the change in the endoscopic findings and the ciliary function (ST).Conclusion: Measurement of the maxillary sinus ST is a simple, accurate, and useful technique for assessing the post‐ESS mucociliary function in conjunction with endoscopy, and the information gained can help in deciding subsequent therapy.