bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early weight gain as a predictor of weight restoration in avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
Authors: Perry Taylor R. , Cai Kelly , Freestone David , Steinberg Dori M. , Bohon Cara , Menzel Jessie E. , Baker Jessica H. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Previous research has demonstrated that early weight gain in family-based treatment (FBT) is predictive of remission for adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN). However, no published data has addressed if early weight gain is also predictive of reaching weight restoration (i.e., 95% EBW) in patients with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). Furthermore, no studies have evaluated the performance of the statistical models used to predict weight restoration at the end of treatment. This study sought to examine whether early weight gain in ARFID is predictive of weight restoration at 20 weeks using ROC analysis. Additionally, this study assessed how accurately the model classified patients and what types of misclassifications occurred.

Methods
Participants (n = 130, 57.7% cisgender female 70.0% white) received virtual outpatient FBT. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were used to predict successful weight restoration at end of treatment, using early weight gain as the predictor. Twenty weeks was considered as the end of treatment, to align with the definition of end of treatment in FBT clinical trials. ROC analyses demonstrated that gaining at least 6.2 pounds by week 5 of treatment was the strongest predictor of achieving 95% EBW at 20 weeks (AUC = 0.72 [0.63, 0.81]). ROC analyses misclassified 35% of patients; the most common misclassification was predicting that a patient would not achieve 95% EBW when they actually did (61.6%). A logistical regression model, which included the patients’ %EBW at admission in addition to early weight gain as a predictor, outperformed the ROC analyses (AUC = 0.90 [0.85, 0.95]) and provided additional context by showing the probability that a patient would succeed.

Conclusion
Taken together, research demonstrates that early weight gain is a useful predictor of 95% EBW at 20 weeks of treatment for patients with ARFID who require weight restoration. Furthermore, results suggest that statistical models need to take into account additional information, such as %EBW at admission, along with early weight gain in order to more accurately predict which patients will reach weight restoration at week 20.
The attitude of contemporary Iranian directors and screenwriters toward patients with mental disorders in comparison with general population
Authors: Kamalinejad Kiandokht , Shariat Seved Vahid , Eissazade Negin , Shalbafan Mohammadreza 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Mental disorders are accountable for 16% of global disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Therefore, accessible, cost-effective interventions are needed to help provide preventive and therapeutic options. As directors and screenwriters can reach a great audience, they can use their platform to either promote stigma or educate the public with the correct definition and conception of mental disorders. Therefore, we aimed to measure the stigmatizing attitude of contemporary Iranian directors and screenwriters toward patients with mental disorders in comparison with a general population group.

Methods
In this comparative study, we included 72 directors and screenwriters between 18 and 65 years of age with a minimum involvement in at least one movie/television show, and 72 age and educationmatched controls. We collected the demographic data of the participants, and used the Persian version of the Level of Contact Report (LCR) to measure their familiarity with mental disorders, and used the Persian version of Social Distance Scale (SDS) and Dangerousness Scale (DS) to measure their attitude toward them.

Results
Compared to the general population group, directors and screenwriters had significantly lower SDS (12.51 ± 3.8 vs. 13.65 ± 3.73) and DS (12.51 ± 3.8 vs. 13.65 ± 3.73) scores (P < 0.001), indicating a more positive attitude toward patients with mental disorders. Familiarity with mental disorders was not significantly different between the groups. Female sex was associated with a more negative attitude among the directors and screenwriters group. Additionally, among the SDS items, ‘How would you feel about someone with severe mental disorder marrying your children?’ and ‘How would you feel about someone with severe mental disorder taking care of your children for a couple of hours?’ received the most negative feedback in both groups. And among the DS items, ‘there should be a law forbidding a former mental patient the right to obtain a hunting license’ received the most negative feedback in both groups.

Conclusions
Iranian contemporary directors and screenwriters had a more positive attitude toward patients with mental disorders, compared to general population. Due to this relatively positive attitude, this group of artists can potentially contribute to anti-stigma initiatives by offering educational materials and resources, promoting mental health care, and improving access to mental health care.
Early maladaptive schema, attachment style, and parenting style in a clinical population with personality disorder and normal individuals: a discriminant analysis model
Authors: Emami Maryam , Moghadasin Maryam , Mastour Haniye , Tayebi Afshin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Researchers have shown various variables’ role in forming personality disorders (PD). This study aimed to assess the role of early maladaptive schema (EMS), attachment style (AS), and parenting style (PS) in discriminating between personality disorders and normal individuals.

Methods
In this study, 78 personality disorder patients and 360 healthy volunteers aged 18–84 were selected using convenience sampling. They completed the Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (SQ-SF), Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), and Baumrind’s Parenting Styles Questionnaire (PSI). Data were analyzed using discriminant analysis with IBM SPSS 25.

Results
The results showed higher mean scores in all early maladaptive schema domains, insecure attachment styles, and authoritarian parenting in the personality disorder group than in the normal group. Also, discriminant analyses revealed that the function was statistically significant and could distinguish between the two groups and a compound of essential variables, disconnection, impaired autonomy, and secure attachment, respectively, discriminating two groups. Given that all components were able to distinguish between the two groups.

Conclusion
Therefore, intervention based on these factors early in life may help reduce the characteristics of personality disorders. Also, considering the role of these factors, treatment protocols can be prepared.
Hippocampal capillary pericytes in post-stroke and vascular dementias and Alzheimer’s disease and experimental chronic cerebral hypoperfusion
Authors: Hase Yoshiki , Jobson Dan , Cheong Jeremy , Gotama Kelvin , Maffei Luciana , Hase Mai , Hamdan Alhafidz , Ding Ren , Polivkoski Tuomo , Horsburgh Karen , Kalaria Raj N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNeurovascular unit mural cells called ‘pericytes’ maintain the blood-brain barrier and local cerebral blood flow. Pathological changes in the hippocampus predispose to cognitive impairment and dementia. The role of hippocampal pericytes in dementia is largely unknown. We investigated hippocampal pericytes in 90 post-mortem brains from post-stroke dementia (PSD), vascular dementia (VaD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and AD-VaD (Mixed) subjects, and post-stroke non-demented survivors as well as similar age controls. We used collagen IV immunohistochemistry to determine pericyte densities and a mouse model of VaD to validate the effects of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Despite increased trends in hippocampal microvascular densities across all dementias, mean pericyte densities were reduced by ~25–40% in PSD, VaD and AD subjects compared to those in controls, which calculated to 14.1 ± 0.7 per mm capillary length, specifically in the cornu ammonis (CA) 1 region (P = 0.01). In mice with chronic bilateral carotid artery occlusion, hippocampal pericyte loss was ~60% relative to controls (P < 0.001). Pericyte densities were correlated with CA1 volumes (r = 0.54, P = 0.006) but not in any other sub-region. However, mice subjected to the full-time environmental enrichment (EE) paradigm showed remarkable attenuation of hippocampal CA1 pericyte loss in tandem with CA1 atrophy. Our results suggest loss of hippocampal microvascular pericytes across common dementias is explained by a vascular aetiology, whilst the EE paradigm offers significant protection.
The Effects of a Carbohydrate Hydrogel System for the Delivery of Bicarbonate Mini-Tablets on Acid–Base Buffering and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Resting Well-trained Male Cyclists
Authors: Gough Lewis A. , Sparks S. Andy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
A new commercially available sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplement claims to limit gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort and increase extracellular buffering capacity. To date, no available data exists to substantiate such claims. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure blood acid–base balance and GI discomfort responses following the ingestion of SB using the novel “Bicarb System” (M-SB). Twelve well-trained male cyclists completed this randomised crossover designed study. Maximal oxygen consumption was determined in visit one, whilst during visits two and three participants ingested 0.3 g∙kg−1 BM SB using M-SB (Maurten, Sweden) or vegetarian capsules (C-SB) in a randomised order. Finger prick capillary blood samples were measured every 30 min for pH, bicarbonate (HCO3−), and electrolytes (potassium, chloride, calcium, and sodium), for 300 min. Visual analogue scales (VAS) were used to assess GI symptoms using the same time intervals.

Results
Peak HCO3− was 0.95 mmol∙L−1 greater following M-SB (p = 0.023, g = 0.61), with time to peak HCO3− achieved 38.2 min earlier (117 ± 37 vs. 156 ± 36 min; p = 0.026, r = 0.67) and remained elevated for longer (p = 0.043, g = 0.51). No differences were observed for any electrolytes between the conditions. Aggregated GI discomfort was reduced by 79 AU following M-SB (p < 0.001, g = 1.11), with M-SB reducing stomach cramps, bowel urgency, diarrhoea, belching, and stomach-ache compared to C-SB.

Conclusions
This is the first study to report that M-SB can increase buffering capacity and reduce GI discomfort. This presents a major potential benefit for athletes considering SB as an ergogenic supplement as GI discomfort is almost eliminated. Future research should determine if M-SB is performance enhancing.
Dynamic effects of black soldier fly larvae meal on the cecal bacterial microbiota and prevalence of selected antimicrobial resistant determinants in broiler chickens
Authors: Lau Calvin Ho-Fung , Capitani Sabrina , Tien Yuan-Ching , Verellen Lou Ann , Kithama Munene , Kang Hellen , Kiarie Elijah G. , Topp Edward , Diarra Moussa S. , Fruci Michael 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
We had earlier described the growth-promoting and -depressive effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with low (12.5% and 25%) and high (50% and 100%) inclusion levels of black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM), respectively, in Ross x Ross 708 broiler chicken diets. Herein, using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we investigated the effects of replacing SBM with increasing inclusion levels (0-100%) of BSFLM in broiler diets on the cecal bacterial community composition at each growth phase compared to broilers fed a basal corn-SBM diet with or without the in-feed antibiotic, bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD). We also evaluated the impact of low (12.5% and 25%) inclusion levels of BSFLM (LIL-BSFLM) on the prevalence of selected antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in litter and cecal samples from 35-day-old birds.

Results
Compared to a conventional SBM-based broiler chicken diet, high (50 to100%) inclusion levels of BSFLM (HIL-BSFLM) significantly altered the cecal bacterial composition and structure, whereas LIL-BSFLM had a minimal effect. Differential abundance analysis further revealed that the ceca of birds fed 100% BSFLM consistently harbored a ~ 3 log-fold higher abundance of Romboutsia and a ~ 2 log-fold lower abundance of Shuttleworthia relative to those fed a BMD-supplemented control diet at all growth phases. Transient changes in the abundance of several potentially significant bacterial genera, primarily belonging to the class Clostridia, were also observed for birds fed HIL-BSFLM. At the finisher phase, Enterococci bacteria were enriched in the ceca of chickens raised without antibiotic, regardless of the level of dietary BSFLM. Additionally, bacitracin (bcrR) and macrolide (ermB) resistance genes were found to be less abundant in the ceca of chickens fed antibiotic-free diets, including either a corn-SBM or LIL-BSFLM diet.

Conclusions
Chickens fed a HIL-BSFLM presented with an imbalanced gut bacterial microbiota profile, which may be linked to the previously reported growth-depressing effects of a BSFLM diet. In contrast, LIL-BSFLM had a minimal effect on the composition of the cecal bacterial microbiota and did not enrich for selected ARGs. Thus, substitution of SBM with low levels of BSFLM in broiler diets could be a promising alternative to the antibiotic growth promoter, BMD, with the added-value of not enriching for bacitracin- and macrolide-associated ARGs.
Design, synthesis and in-vitro anti-depressant activity evaluation of some 2-styrylbenzimidazole derivatives
Authors: Sahariah Manisha , Chowdhury Rubina , Pegu Padmanath , Ali Farak , Dutta Rajat Subhra , Sahu Supriya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Existing antidepressants possess various adverse effects and so they are not considered as the first line of drug in mild depression. The lack of proper drugs to treat the mild depression on the other hand alleviates severe depressive cases. To overcome this problem, the nucleus of benzimidazole and cinnamic acid having very less toxicity were fused and a small library of 40 compounds was prepared. The library was then screened for ADMET properties and probable toxicity. Those compounds which had not shown any toxicity as well as possessed better in-silico absorption, distribution and metabolism were selected for the first phase of the study. Synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR and were screened for in-vitro antidepressant activity by DNPH spectrophotometry.

Result
The compounds MS-3 and MS-8 had shown good antidepressant activity with IC50 values of 367.19 μM/mL and 184.56 μM/mL against MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively.

Conclusion
From this study, it can be concluded that the structural requirements for the inhibition of MAO-A and MAO-B were totally different. MAO-A inhibitors required the presence of nitrogen and oxygen containing ring substitutions whereas MAO-B inhibitors required the presence of 4-halogen containing phenyl ring substitutions.

Graphical abstract
The usability and reliability of a smartphone application for monitoring future dementia risk in ageing UK adults
Authors: Reid Graham , Vassilev Philip , Irving Jessica , Ojakäär Triin , Jacobson Liron , Lawrence Erin G. , Barnett Jenny , Tapparel Malika , Koychev Ivan 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundThe rising number of dementia diagnoses and imminent adoption of disease-modifying treatments necessitate innovative approaches to identify individuals at risk, monitor disease course and intervene non-pharmacologically earlier in the disease course. Digital assessments of dementia risk and cognitive function have the potential to outperform traditional in-person assessments in terms of their affordability, accuracy and longitudinal tracking abilities. However, their accessibility and reliability in older adults is unclear.AimsTo evaluate the usability and reliability of a smartphone assessment of lifestyle and cognitive factors relevant to dementia risk in a group of UK-based older adults.MethodCognitively healthy adults (n = 756) recruited through the Dementias Platform UK Great Minds volunteer register completed three assessments of cognitive function and dementia risk over a 3-month period and provided usability feedback on the Five Lives smartphone application (app). We evaluated cognitive test scores for age, gender and higher education effects, normality distributions, test–retest reliability and their relationship with participants’ lifestyle dementia risk factors.ResultsParticipants found the app ‘easy to use’, ‘quick to complete’ and ‘enjoyable’. The cognitive tests showed normal or near-to-normal distributions, variable test–retest reliabilities and age-related effects. Only tests of verbal ability showed gender and education effects. The cognitive tests did not correlate with lifestyle dementia risk scores.ConclusionsThe Five Lives assessment demonstrates high usability and reliability among older adults. These findings highlight the potential of digital assessments in dementia research and clinical practice, enabling improved accessibility and better monitoring of cognitive health on a larger scale than traditional in-person assessments.
Protecting and promoting editorial independence
Authors: Bhui Kamaldeep , O'Brien Aileen , Upthegrove Rachel , Tsai Alexander C. , Soomro Mustafa , Newton-Howes Giles , Broome Matthew R. , Forrester Andrew , Casey Patricia , Doherty Anne M. , Lee William , Kaufman Kenneth R. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryWe argue that editorial independence, through robust practice of publication ethics and research integrity, promotes good science and prevents bad science. We elucidate the concept of research integrity, and then discuss the dimensions of editorial independence. Best practice guidelines exist, but compliance with these guidelines varies. Therefore, we make recommendations for protecting and strengthening editorial independence.
Gut Microbiome of Patients With Breast Cancer in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Sang M. , Tran Huong T.T. , Long Jirong , Shrubsole Martha J. , Cai Hui , Yang Yaohua , Nguyen Lan M. , Nguyen Giang H. , Nguyen Chu V. , Ta To V. , Wu Jie , Cai Qiuyin , Zheng Wei , Tran Thuan V. , Shu Xiao-Ou 
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE Gut microbiota play an important role in human health, including cancer. Cancer and its treatment, in turn, may alter the gut microbiome. To understand this complex relationship, we profiled the gut microbiome of 356 Vietnamese patients with breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stool samples were collected before chemotherapy, with 162 pre- and 194 postsurgery. The gut microbiome was measured by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Associations of gut microbial diversity, taxa abundance, and gut microbiome health index (GMHI) with sociodemographic, clinical factors, and tumor characteristics were evaluated. RESULTS Postsurgery samples were associated with significantly lower α- and β-diversities ( P < .001) and showed significant differences in the abundance of 15% of 2,864 investigated taxa (false discovery rate [FDR] <0.1) compared with presurgery samples. An unhealthy gut microbiome was prevalent among patients with breast cancer, with a mean GMHI of –0.79 and –2.81 in pre- and postsurgery stool samples, respectively. In an analysis of 162 presurgery stool samples, diagnosis delay was significantly associated with lower α-diversity, variation in β-diversity, an increased abundance of species Enorma massiliensis, and a decreased abundance of Faecalicoccus pleomorphus. High intake of fiber was significantly associated with lower α-diversity and a higher abundance of species belonging to Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, and Bacteroides gena (FDR < 0.1). We did not find that cancer stage and subtype, menopausal status, comorbidity, antibiotic use during 3 months before stool collection, or physical activity was significantly associated with α- and β-diversities or GMHI although a few significant differences were observed in taxa abundance. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that diagnosis delay, high fiber intake, and breast cancer surgery, which is always followed by antibiotic prophylaxis in Vietnam, led to a less diverse and unhealthy gut microbiome among patients with breast cancer.
Nahua Responses to the Matlazahuatl or “Mystery” Plague of 1805
Authors: Yero Farren 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn 1805, the pueblo of Tultitlan fell victim to an ostensibly mysterious new plague. After a year of curative treatment, it spread across what is now Mexico State, prompting urban officials to authorize the use of smallpox vaccination—an intervention that elicited fierce debate steeped in tensions around Indigeneity, religion, and parental rights. Drawing on newspapers and other colonial records, the article examines how different Nahua families responded, centering their concerns and expectations—of immunization and religious and public health officials—to reframe critical questions about the gender and racial politics of vaccine history and its contested relationship to colonial rule.
Integracyjna rola badań krajobrazowych w geografii. Od idei naukowej do wdrożeń społeczno-gospodarczych
Authors: Myga-Piątek Urszula 
Published: February 2024

Krajobraz jest przestrzennym odwzorowaniem procesów naturalnych zachodzących w środowisku przyrodniczym oraz dziejowej działalności człowieka. Z uwagi na strefowość, pasowość i astrefowość zjawisk przyrodniczych na Ziemi, a także różny stopień zagospodarowania przez człowieka krajobrazy występują w wielu zróżnicowanych przestrzennie zgrupowaniach lub kompleksach (np. typach, podtypach, klasach, rodzajach, gatunkach – w zależności od przyjętej naukowo klasyfikacji). Przybierają też postać lokalnych lub regionalnych indywiduów. Każdy krajobraz cechuje się określoną strukturą, funkcjami, fizjonomią oraz wartością ocenianą przez pryzmat wielu kryteriów. W sposób szczególny odwzorowuje właściwości środowiska przyrodniczego, ale i atrybuty stylistyczne epoki oraz cechy społeczeństwa, które go kształtuje. Jest także uznawany za wizerunek przestrzeni, specyficzny rodzaj zintegrowanego dziedzictwa, a jego najcenniejsze reprezentacje można rozumieć jako ponadczasowe dobro, godne ochrony i zrównoważonego gospodarowania. W takim zakresie krajobrazy są przedmiotem szczegółowych badań geografii, ekologii, architektury, urbanistyki i nauk społecznych. W artykule zaprezentowano aktualne problemy badawcze w nauce o krajobrazie z pozycji geografii oraz wybrane kierunki wdrożeń. Wskazano na duże znaczenie edukacyjne geografii kraj­obrazu i ukazano krajobraz w systemie społecznej odpowiedzialności nauki. Podkreślono integrującą rolę badań krajobrazowych zarówno w wymiarze międzydziedzinowym, jak i teoretyczno-aplikacyjnym.