bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Type 3 deiodinase activation mediated by the Shh/Gli1 axis promotes sepsis-induced metabolic dysregulation in skeletal muscles
Authors: Wang Gang , Gao Tao , Liu Yijiang , Duan Jianfeng , Lu Huimin , Jiang Anqi , Xu Yun , Lu Xiaolan , Li Xiaoyao , Wang Yong , Yu Wenkui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Non-thyroidal illness syndrome is commonly observed in critically ill patients, characterized by the inactivation of systemic thyroid hormones (TH), which aggravates metabolic dysfunction. Recent evidence indicates that enhanced TH inactivation is mediated by the reactivation of type 3 deiodinase (Dio3) at the tissue level, culminating in a perturbed local metabolic equilibrium. This study assessed whether targeted inhibition of Dio3 can maintain tissue metabolic homeostasis under septic conditions and explored the mechanism behind Dio3 reactivation.

Methods
A retrospective clinical study was conducted to investigate the attributes of rT3. The expression of Dio3 was detected by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical staining in tissues extracted from CLP-induced septic rats and human biopsy samples. In addition, the effect of Dio3 inhibition on skeletal muscle metabolism was observed in rats with targeted Dio3 knockdown using an adeno-associated virus. The effectiveness of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling inhibition on systemic TH levels was observed in CLP-induced septic rats receiving cyclopamine. The mechanisms underlying such inhibition were explored using immunoblotting, RNA-seq, and chromatin immunoprecipitation–qPCR assays.

Results
The main product of Dio3, rT3, is strongly associated with organ function. Early sepsis leads to significant upregulation of Dio3 in the skeletal muscles and lung tissues of septic rats. The targeted inhibition of Dio3 in skeletal muscle restores TH responsiveness, prevents fast-to-slow fiber conversion, preserves glucose transporter type 4 functionality, and maintains metabolic balance between protein synthesis and proteolysis, which leads to preserved muscle mass. The reactivation of Dio3 is transcriptionally regulated by the Shh pathway induced by the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3.

Conclusions
The suppression of Dio3 restores tissue TH actions, attenuates proteolysis, and ameliorates anabolic resistance in the skeletal muscles of septic rats, thereby improving local metabolic homeostasis. Our results provide insights into the mechanisms of Dio3 reactivation and its critical role in local metabolic alterations induced by sepsis, while also suggesting novel targets aimed at ameliorating tissue-specific metabolic disorders.
Comparative Outcomes of Babesiosis in Immunocompromised and Non-Immunocompromised Hosts: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Kakoullis Loukas , Alonso Carolyn D , Burns Rebecca , Aleissa Muneerah M , Haddad Esther Arbona , Kim Andy J , Rooks Rebecca , Yates Bridget , Kanwal Urwah , Morreale Nicholas P , Morgan Alexandra , Arnaout Ramy , Tong Alexandra , Izaguirre Natalie E , Little Jessica S , Hammond Sarah P , Montgomery Mary W , Sherman Amy C , Maguire James H , Woolley Ann E , Baden Lindsey R , Issa Nicolas C , Harris Courtney E 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Babesiosis poses significant risks of adverse outcomes in individuals with immunocompromising conditions (IC) and asplenia/hyposplenia (AH). This study compares clinical outcomes between these vulnerable groups and immunocompetent patients.

Methods
A multicenter retrospective cohort study included adult patients with laboratory-confirmed babesiosis from 2009 to 2023. Complications, management, and outcomes were compared between patients with IC/AH (ICAH) and without ICAH (immune intact cohort).

Results
Of 225 patients (mean age 66 years, 36% female), 112 were ICAH. ICAH patients had higher median peak parasitemia (2.8% vs. 0.9%, p&lt;0.0001) and higher rates of complications, including acute kidney injury (24% vs. 11%, p=0.016), acute respiratory distress syndrome (11% vs. 4%, p=0.041), and were more likely to undergo packed red blood cell transfusion (31% vs. 17%, p=0.023) and exchange transfusion (18% vs. 6%, p=0.008). Treatment duration was longer in the ICAH cohort (median 27 vs. 10 days, p&lt;0.001), particularly in those with both IC and AH (median 43 days, p=0.003). ICAH patients had higher 12-month all-cause mortality (7% vs. 1%, p=0.019) and recurrence rates (8% vs. 0%, p=0.001). Hematologic malignancy (OR=7.0, p=0.023) and B-cell-depleting therapies (OR=9.4, p=0.015) were significant predictors of recurrence. Despite most patients undergoing follow-up testing with blood smears and PCR, these did not reliably predict recurrence.

Conclusion
Patients with ICAH with babesiosis experience more severe disease and higher complication rates. Follow-up testing, including blood smear and PCR, did not reliably predict recurrence, highlighting the need for more effective monitoring strategies in these high-risk populations.
Experimental Evolution and Hybridization Enhance the Fermentative Capacity of Wild Saccharomyces eubayanus Strains
Authors: Vega-Macaya Franco , Villarreal Pablo , Peña Tomas A , Abarca Valentina , Cofré Agustín A , Oporto Christian I , Mardones Wladimir , Nespolo Roberto F , Cubillos Francisco A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Lager beer is traditionally fermented using Saccharomyces pastorianus. However, the limited availability of lager yeast strains restricts the potential range of beer profiles. Recently, Saccharomyces eubayanus strains showed the potential to impart novel aromas to beer, with slower fermentation rates than commercial strains. Here, we applied experimental evolution to nine S. eubayanus strains using three different selective conditions to generate improved strains to fermentative environments. We observed environment-dependent fitness changes across strains, with ethanol-enriched media resulting in the greatest fitness improvement. We identified sub-telomeric genomic changes in a deficient fermentative strain underlying the greatest fitness improvement. Gene expression analysis and genome sequencing identified genes associated with oxidative stress, amino acid metabolism, sterol biosynthesis, and vacuole morphology underlying differences between evolved and the ancestral strain, revealing the cellular processes underlying fermentation improvement. A hybridization strategy between two evolved strains allowed us to expand the phenotypic space of the F2 segregants, obtaining strains with a 13.7% greater fermentative capacity relative to the best evolved parental strains. Our study highlights the potential of integrating experimental evolution and hybridization to enhance the fermentation capacity of wild yeast strains, offering strengthened solutions for industrial applications and highlighting the potential of Patagonian S. eubayanus in brewing.
How Are Dehumanizing Perceptions of Homelessness Associated with Age?
Authors: Dolenc Nott Brooke , Dowhower Daniel P , Cannon Melissa L , Setter Kathryn A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Increasing numbers of unhoused older individuals in the U.S. underscores the urgency for tailored services and support. Previous studies demonstrate prevalent negative attitudes and dehumanizing perceptions towards unhoused people. Additionally, past research highlights the influence of ageism and dehumanization on the care older adults receive. However, limited work addresses the layered dehumanization faced by unhoused aging individuals. This study investigated how dehumanizing perceptions of homelessness were associated with age.

Research Design and Methods
In this experimental study, participants (N = 399; M age = 23) were randomly assigned to scenarios depicting unhoused individuals who were discernibly either older or younger. Participants were prompted with different empathy tasks and assessed on dehumanization levels.

Results
Results revealed older unhoused individuals faced significantly higher levels of dehumanization compared to their younger counterparts. Findings also indicated that older participants and male participants demonstrated stronger dehumanization towards unhoused adults.

Discussion and Implications
Dehumanization may be intensified for unhoused aging individuals due to their intersecting identities. In turn, this may affect willingness to provide care and the quality of services offered, impacting care settings, medical facilities, and policies focused on homelessness. This research sheds light on the complexities of dehumanization, emphasizing the urgency to address these linked biases to create more inclusive and supportive environments for unhoused aging individuals.
Examining Valued Social Participation of Disabled Older adults Through the Frameworks of Critical Gerontology and Critical Disability Studies
Authors: Jones-Cobb Brittany , Turner Natalie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The importance of social participation for older adults has been well articulated. Missing from this discourse is a critical consideration of how social participation is shaped by political, economic, and social contexts that marginalize aging and disabled bodies. We bridge this gap by applying critical gerontology and critical disability frameworks to our analysis of how access to health and social services and individual and environmental factors, are associated with engagement in valued social activities among disabled older adults.

Research Design and Methods
Using the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) Round 12 (n = 4,562) we conducted a series of generalized linear regression models evaluating the association between disability, access to health and social services, and participation in valued social activities.

Results
Increased limitation with Activities of Daily Living and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, and presence of dementia were significantly associated with decreased valued social participation. Receiving unpaid support, social network size, transportation access, having a regular doctor, and employment were positively associated with valued social participation, while neighborhood disorder, low neighborhood cohesion, difficulty paying for medications, and Medicaid beneficiary status were negatively associated.

Discussion and Implications
Findings indicate disabled older adults face challenges engaging in valued social activities. Applying critical gerontology and disability perspectives, calls us to reexamine the ways social participation, accessibility, and full inclusion of disabled older adults are considered. We urge gerontologists to use these findings to reimagine the structures of aging services and community to achieve social change.
Resilience Profiles among Grandparents Raising Grandchildren in the United States: White and Black Differences
Authors: Xu Yanfeng , Fei Pei , Mendoza Nancy , Harrison Theresa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Grandparents raising grandchildren face many challenges and stress regardless of race and ethnicity; however, they are generally resilient. The present study aims to classify resilience profiles of these grandfamilies using a person-centered approach and examine the association of race and ethnicity with these profiles.

Research Design and Methods
The present study analyzed cross-sectional survey data collected from grandparents raising grandchildren in the United States (N = 287). A latent profile analysis was conducted.

Results
Latent profile analysis identified two distinct latent profiles: (a) profile 1: high interpersonal support but low spirituality and family confidence, and (b) profile 2: low interpersonal support but high spirituality and family confidence. Results indicated that Black grandfamilies were more likely to be in profile 2 compared to their white counterparts.

Discussion and Implications
This suggests the importance of recognizing grandfamilies’ different resilience profiles, particularly between Black and white grandfamilies, to develop and implement tailored interventions that leverage their resilience to overcome challenges and stress.
Effects of in situ selenium exposure and maternal transfer on survival and abnormalities of Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri) fry
Authors: Covington Sean M , Naddy Rami B , Prouty Alan L , Petach Marty , Schmeda German 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Offspring of adult Yellowstone cutthroat trout (YCT) exposed to a range of selenium (Se) concentrations in situ were reared in a laboratory setting to assess effects on survival, growth, and abnormalities. Maternal whole-body Se concentrations ranged from 2.6 to 25.7 mg/kg dry weight (dw) for Site fish, while corresponding Se concentrations in embryos ranged from 3.4 to 47.6 mg/kg dw. A significant relationship was found between egg and whole-body tissue concentrations. Endpoints were evaluated at hatch to swim-up and hatch to test termination for survival and abnormalities (e.g., deformities and edema). Dose-response models were developed to visualize the data distribution and predicted EC10 (the effect concentration where a 10% effect is observed) values for survival and abnormality endpoints relative to egg Se concentrations. The EC10s for the survival endpoint were nearly identical, ranging from 35.1 to 35.6 mg/kg dw, while the EC10s for the abnormality endpoint ranged from 10.6 to 35.3 mg/kg dw. Using the best fit models for survival and abnormality endpoints, the EC10 for survival was 35.1 mg/kg dw and the EC10 for abnormalities was 35.2 mg/kg dw. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA’s) evaluation of these data, based on the abnormality data alone, suggested effects to YCT were likely greater than 30 mg/kg dw. The USEPA suggested the conversion factor for YCT is 1.96 based on a median value of the paired maternal whole-body and egg tissue Se data available. However, a reanalysis of these data presented in the article indicates a ratio of 1.43 is more appropriate; therefore, the egg to whole-body conversion factor for YCT recommended is 1.43, which results in a whole-body tissue EC10 of 24.55 mg/kg dw at an egg tissue EC10 of 35.1 mg/kg dw.
A demonstrable need to follow scientific evidence in the derivation of environmental quality standards: a case study of European surface waters
Authors: Wilson Iain , Merrington Graham , Peters Adam , Middleton Elizabeth , Garman Emily , Schlekat Christian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Environmental quality standards (EQS) derived under the European Water Framework Directive are legally binding and enshrined in individual European Member State Country national legislation. These EQS are derived following well-established guidance documents. In 2013, EQS for nickel were derived for freshwaters to be protective against long- and short-term exposures, at 4 and 34 µg L−1, respectively. The value for long-term exposures uses chronic ecotoxicity data and accounts for bioavailability, whereas the short-term value uses acute data and does not account for bioavailability. In 2022, the European Commission revised these values as part of the ongoing legislative process. Despite an increase in available data for both chronic and acute ecotoxicity endpoints, the update and development of chronic and acute biotic ligand models (BLMs) published in peer-reviewed literature, and the accessibility of vastly more monitoring data (used in the European EQS derivation), the values for the nickel EQS were reduced by increasing the assessment factors to account for increases in apparent uncertainties. The Commission’s 2022 derivation failed to consider additional chronic data for more than 20 species as well as the updated and new acute and chronic BLMs. As a result, the derived nickel EQS is limited in its applicability and relevance to European freshwater ecosystems, as illustrated in practice by the observation that monitoring sites can comply with the chronic EQS but fail the acute EQS. Here, we provide an explanation as to why this has occurred and detail what it means for the risk assessment of nickel in European Member State freshwaters. Finally, we outline a path forward that should be relevant for any risk-based and evidence-driven regulatory framework and acknowledging that political decisions are part of the process, but that these should be separate and after scientific aspects are undertaken.
Putting the Civilian Back in Civil–Military Relations: How Civilian Leaders Condition the Effects of Security Assistance
Authors: Metz Rachel , Joyce Renanah 
Published: January 2025

Abstracts
Security assistance is an omnipresent feature of great power foreign policy. The United States, the world’s largest security assistance provider, aims both to build stronger militaries and to ensure that those militaries abide by liberal norms of civil–military relations. Why do some US-built militaries follow those norms, while others act as the political regime’s coercive tools? We argue that US advisors can, under favorable conditions, use social strategies of influence to encourage partner soldiers to adopt liberal civil–military norms. However, effective socialization of partner soldiers does not guarantee liberal civil–military relations because the partner state’s civilian leaders play a decisive role. When civilian leaders implement coup-proofing tactics, they counteract US socialization efforts and produce the illiberal patterns of civil–military relations the United States set out to avoid. We explore the theory in two cases of US army-building—Iraq (2003–2014) and Liberia (2006–2016). Our findings suggest that the United States must choose partners more judiciously or find ways to secure the cooperation of civilian leaders.
Ceftaroline versus vancomycin for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia, a matched cohort study
Authors: Bitterman Roni , Awwad Aya , Darawsha Basel , Dallashi Hajar , Dishon-Benattar Yael , Pollack Dina , Paul Mical 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Vancomycin remains the treatment-of-choice in MRSA bacteraemia (MRSAB) despite significant limitations.

Objective
To compare the effectiveness of ceftaroline and vancomycin monotherapy as the initial targeted therapy for MRSAB.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective matched cohort study. Consecutive adult patients treated with ceftaroline in the years 2019–2021 were matched in a 1:2 ratio with patients who received vancomycin. Controls were matched for performance of trans-oesophageal echocardiography, Charlson comorbidity index and age. The primary outcome was a composite of treatment failure, defined as 90-day mortality or microbiological failure. Descriptive statistics were used to compare the ceftaroline and vancomycin-treated groups. Univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression models were created using ceftaroline treatment as the exposure variable.

Results
Forty-five patients treated with ceftaroline for MRSAB were matched with 83 patients who received vancomycin. The groups were well balanced with regards to demographics and clinical characteristics. The primary outcome of treatment failure occurred at a similar rate in patients treated with ceftaroline or vancomycin (51.1%, 23/45% versus 57.8%, 48/83, respectively, P = 0.47). In the multivariable analysis, only age (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.1, P = 0.02) was associated with treatment failure. Acute kidney injury was more common among patients treated with ceftaroline (51.1%, 23/45% versus 18.1%, 15/83, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Ceftaroline was not associated with improved outcomes compared to vancomycin when given as initial treatment for MRSAB, however, it appears to be a viable alternative to vancomycin. Larger studies are needed to provide definitive results and to elucidate the risk of nephrotoxicity.
Short-term power load forecasting based on spatial-temporal dynamic graph and multi-scale Transformer
Authors: Zhu Li , Gao Jingkai , Zhu Chunqiang , Deng Fan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Short-term power load forecasting is essential for ensuring power system stability and facilitating market planning. However, the multi-periodic nature of load data and its complex correlations with external factors pose significant challenges to accurate predictions. To address these issues, we propose a novel spatial-temporal dynamic graph Transformer (SDGT), which integrates a multi-scale Transformer module with a patch-based multi-scale encoder to capture multiple periodic patterns and extract temporal dependencies. Additionally, a spatial-temporal correlation graph (STCG) is constructed based on shape similarity and semantic relevance, and further enhanced using a graph convolution module to model dynamic spatial correlations between load data and external influencing factors. Experimental results on two public benchmark datasets demonstrate that SDGT surpasses state-of-the-art forecasting models, exhibiting superior predictive accuracy and robustness. The findings validate the effectiveness of SDGT in capturing multi-periodic patterns and spatial-temporal dependencies, making it a promising approach for improving short-term power load forecasting and supporting real-world power system operations and energy market planning.
3D Compact Geometry Inversion for Gravity Data
Authors: Zhang Baifan , Liu Shuang , Cai Hongzhu , Zhu Dan , XiangyunHu  
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Gravity inversion quantitatively provides a 3D model of density contrasts, significantly enhancing the information extracted from acquired data. However, the inherent non-uniqueness of inversion poses challenges in precisely determining the boundaries of anomalous bodies. We have developed an iterative algorithm of gravity inversion that reconstructs the geometric features of the anomalous bodies by discretizing the 3D interpretation model with vertical and juxtaposed prism cells. These prisms incorporate sheet-like initial models which are typically derived from prior information or imaging results. This study proposed a new parameter, the Thickness Factor (TF), which is determined by the thickness of the prism cells under the assumption of homogeneous anomalous bodies. The TF establishes an approximate linear relationship between the source geometry and gravity anomalies, enabling the reconstruction of the source geometry to be formulated as a linear optimization problem. The approach demonstrates the potential for target inversion in the presence of multiple causative sources in synthetic cases and shows insensitivity to noise signals and reliability in reconstructing the geometry of complex sources. The proposed method is then applied to real data from the Galinge iron ore deposit in Northwest China and the drilling data is used as prior information. The inversion results are consistent with previous drilling interpretations and allow a rough estimation of the volume of the ore bodies.