bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of proteins associated with synaptic vesicle endocytosis in the mouse and goldfish retina
Authors: Sherry David M. , Heidelberger Ruth 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCurrent models of synaptic transmission require retrieval of membrane from the presynaptic terminal following neurotransmitter exocytosis. Dynamin, a GTPase, is thought to be critical for this retrieval process. At ribbon synapses of retinal bipolar neurons, however, compensatory endocytosis does not require GTP hydrolysis, suggesting that endocytosis mechanisms may differ among synapses. To understand better the synaptic vesicle recycling at conventional and ribbon synapses, the distributions of dynamin and two associated proteins, amphiphysin and clathrin, were examined in the retinas of goldfish and mouse by using immunocytochemical methods. Labeling for dynamin, clathrin, and amphiphysin was distributed differentially among conventional and ribbon synapses in retinas of both species. Ribbon synapses of photoreceptors and most bipolar cells labeled only weakly for dynamin relative to conventional synapses. Amphyiphysin labeling was strong at many ribbon synapses, and labeling in rod terminals was stronger than in cone terminals in the mouse retina. Clathrin labeling was heterogeneous among ribbon synapses. Similarly to the case with amphiphysin, mouse rod terminals showed stronger clathrin labeling than cone terminals. Among conventional synapses, there was heterogeneous labeling for all three endocytic proteins. Some labeling for each protein might have been associated with postsynaptic terminals. The differential distribution of labeling for these proteins among identified synapses in the retina suggests considerable heterogeneity in the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic membrane retrieval, even among synapses with similar active zone ultrastructure. Thus, as with exocytosis, mechanisms of synaptic membrane retrieval may be tuned by the precise complement of proteins expressed within the synaptic terminal. J. Comp. Neurol. 484:440–457, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Statistical impulse response models for indoor optical wireless channels
Authors: Carruthers J. B. , Carroll S. M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe indoor optical wireless channel is significantly different than the radio channel. Statistical propagation models developed for the radio channel, which characterize path loss, shadowing, and multipath fading, do not apply. In this paper, we investigate statistical modelling for the indoor optical wireless channel through the examination of the characteristics of a large set of channel impulse responses. The channel responses are generated using an estimation method based on geometrical modelling of indoor environments together with an iterative technique for calculating multiple reflections. We confirm prior studies showing that channels with line‐of‐sight paths must be modelled separately from those fully diffuse channels with no such path. We show that the distribution of the channel gain in dB for the LOS component follows a modified gamma distribution, and the channel gain in dB for LOS channels including all reflections follows a modified Rayleigh distribution for most transmitter–receiver distances. Similar results are described for distributions of channel gains of diffuse channels and for distributions of rms delay spreads. Finally, we describe a method for generating a statistically realistic impulse response given any transmitter–receiver separation in an indoor environment. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel core‐stateless ABR‐like congestion avoidance scheme in IP networks
Authors: Li Jung‐Shian , Liang Jing‐Zhi 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe propose a novel explicit rate‐based congestion avoidance scheme. The scheme is similar to ATM available bit rate (ABR) services but its complexity is largely reduced to enable implementation in IP networks. In our proposed scheme, sources can adapt their sending rate according to network status. Adaptation of sending rates converges to max–min fairness with minimal rate guarantee. Furthermore, routers do not maintain per flow state; they use FIFO packet scheduling enhanced by an explicit rate feedback mechanism with estimations, including number of active flows, number of bounded flows and total bounded rate, based on a simple algorithm motivated by Bloom filter. We present and discuss simulations on the performance under various network conditions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GITR: a multifaceted regulator of immunity belonging to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily
Authors: Nocentini Giuseppe , Riccardi Carlo 
Published: March 2005

AbstractGlucocorticoid‐induced TNFR‐related gene (GITR; TNFRSF18), a receptor belonging to the TNFR superfamily (TNFRSF), is activated by GITRL. GITR is expressed at low levels on resting responder T lymphocytes and is up‐regulated in T regulatory cells (Treg cells) and in activated T cells. GITRL is expressed in endothelial and antigen‐presenting cells. The cytoplasmic region of GITR has a striking homology with other TNFRSF members (4‐1BB, CD27, OX40) and binds TRAF molecules and Siva. Over recent years, the role of GITR in the development and in the pathophysiology of the immune system has been actively explored by several groups. GITR triggering induces both pro‐ and anti‐apoptotic effects, abrogates the suppressive activity of Treg cells and co‐stimulates responder T cells, with the latter activities over‐stimulating the immune system. In vivo, GITR activation causes development of autoimmune diseases and restores immune responses in a persistent retroviral infection model and in a tumor model. Intriguingly, GITR knockout mice demonstrate lower mortality in an ischemia model. The GITR‐GITRL system appears crucial in regulating immunity and warrants further study.
Open‐Framework Polar Compounds: Synthesis and Characterization ofRare‐Earth Polyoxometalates (C6NO2H5)2[Ln(H2O)5(CrMo6H6O24)]·0.5H2O (Ln = Ce and La)
Authors: An Haiyan , Xiao Dongrong , Wang Enbo , Li Yangguang , Wang Xinlong , Xu Lin 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTwo unprecedented open‐framework polar compounds (C6NO2H5)2[Ln(H2O)5(CrMo6H6O24)]·0.5H2O [Ln = Ce (1), La (2); C6NO2H5 = pyridine‐3‐carboxylic acid], constructed from Anderson‐type polyoxo anions and rare‐earth cations, have been synthesized for the first time and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and Raman spectroscopy, TG analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Both compounds crystallize in the polar space group Pmn21 and are made up of [CrMo6H6O24]3– polyoxo anions linked by rare‐earth cations to form a fascinating 3D open framework with “guest” pyridine‐3‐carboxylic acid molecules and free water molecules residing in the channels. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first example of an open‐framework polar compound constructed from rare‐earth polyoxometalates. The magnetic properties of compound 1 have been studied by measuring its magnetic susceptibility in the temperature range 2.0–300.0 K, indicating the existence of antiferromagnetic interactions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Evolution of the Structural Parameters and Magnetic Properties in a Series of Di(μ‐hydroxy)bis(nitrilotriacetato)dichromium(III) Complexes
Authors: Novitchi Ghenadie , Costes Jean‐Pierre , Ciornea Victor , Shova Sergiu , Filippova Irina , Simonov Yurii A. , Gulea Aurelian 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFour heterometallic complexes {Mg(H2O)6}[Cr2(μ‐OH)2‐(nta)2]·4 H2O (I), {Ca(H2O)3}[Cr2(μ‐OH)2(nta)2]·3 H2O (II), {Sr(H2O)3}[Cr2(μ‐OH)2(nta)2]·3 H2O (III) and {Ba(H2O)3‐dmso}[Cr2(μ‐OH)2(nta)2]·2 H2O (IV) containing dinuclear bis(μ‐hydroxo) chromium(III) complex ions, where nta is the nitrilotriacetate ligand and dmso is dimethyl sulfoxide, have been prepared and crystallographically characterised. Compound I displays an ionic type structure, II and III are 3D coordination polymers and IV behaves like a 2D coordination polymer. In these compounds, the chromium(III) dimeric unit exhibits different structural features. It forms a polymeric structure by coordination of alkaline earth metal ions and/or formation of hydrogen‐bonding interactions. The temperature dependencies of the magnetic susceptibilities of I–IV were fitted on the basis of the expression derived from the isotropic Hamiltonian including a biquadratic exchangeterm, Ĥ = –2J(1 2) – j(1 2)2. The values of the coupling interaction (J) range from –17.38 cm–1 to –5.80 cm–1 and the biquadratic terms (j) from +0.71 to 2.02 cm–1. The experimental and theoretical values of J (calculated, using the Glerup–Hodgson–Pedersen model) have been discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Hormaomycin Analogues by Precursor‐Directed Biosynthesis – Synthesis of and Feeding Experiments with Amino Acids Related to the Unique 3‐(trans‐2‐Nitrocyclopropyl)alanine Constituent
Authors: Kozhushkov Sergei I. , Zlatopolskiy Boris D. , Brandl Melanie , Alvermann Petra , Radzom Markus , Geers Bernardette , de Meijere Armin , Zeeck Axel 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe deuterium‐labeled racemic 3‐(trans‐2‐nitrocyclopropyl)‐alanine (rac‐[D2]‐3) and 3‐(trans‐2‐aminocyclopropyl)alanine (rac‐[D2]‐4) as well as non‐labeled rac‐3‐[trans‐2‐(hydroxycarbonyl)cyclopropyl]alanine (rac‐5a) and rac‐3‐[trans‐2‐(methoxycarbonyl)cyclopropyl]alanine (rac‐5b) were prepared in 43, 18, 88 and 49 % overall yield, respectively, along a general synthetic route applying alkylations of the lithium enolate of tert‐butyl (diphenylmethylene)‐aminoacetate (O’Donnel’s glycine equivalent 11) as a key step. Feeding experiments with these amino acids and Streptomyces griseoflavus (strain W 384) revealed that rac‐[D2]‐3, rac‐5a and rac‐5b are incorporated to give hormaomycin 1b and its analogue 23, respectively, while rac‐[D2]‐4 is not. Feeding of rac‐2‐(trans‐2‐nitrocyclopropyl)glycine (rac‐6) unexpectedly gave the 5‐nitronorvaline‐containing hormaomycin analogues 25a–c. This is rationalized as arising from a cyclopropyl to homoallyl anion rearrangement followed by enzymatic hydrogenation of the double bond. These experiments provided new insights into the substrate specificity of the enzyme which assembles hormaomycin. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Microbial Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation of Prochiral Polysubstituted Cyclohexanones by Recombinant Whole‐Cells Expressing Two Bacterial Monooxygenases
Authors: Mihovilovic Marko D. , Rudroff Florian , Grötzl Birgit , Stanetty Peter 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe microbial Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of prochiral 3,5‐dimethylcyclohexanones bearing various functionalities with recombinant E. coli cells overexpressing cyclohexanone monooxygenase from Acinetobacter sp. NCIMB 9871 and cyclopentanone monooxygenase from Comamonas sp. NCIMB 9872 has been investigated. A distinct difference in substrate specificity and stereoselectivity of the two enzymes was observed, and enantiocomplementary products were obtained in some cases. The biocatalytic systems enabled access to chiral lactones as valuable intermediates for the total synthesis of various natural compounds. Substituents with varying lipophilicity and hybridization have been prepared by a diastereoselective synthetic route and subsequently bio‐transformed for the investigation of conformational and electronic effects on the biooxidation,. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Thin‐Layer Cyclic Voltammetric and Scanning Electrochemical Microscopic Study of Antioxidant Activity of Ascorbic Acid at Liquid/Liquid Interface
Authors: Lu Xiaoquan , Hu Lina , Wang Xiaoqiang 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAn electron transfer reaction between ascorbic acid (H2A) in an aqueous solution and oxidizing agent in an organic solution immiscible with water has been studied by thin‐layer cyclic voltammetry (TLCV) for charge transfer at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES). As an antioxidant, H2A provide electrons through the aqueous/organic interface to reduce Fc+ and the procedure has been proved to be a one electron process again. In this work, the first combination of TLCV and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was achieved and showed a reasonable agreement between the results from the two different approaches. Otherwise, lower concentration ratios Kr of aqueous to organic reactants was adopted, which is given as evidence to the proposed procedure of Barker.
An automated, sheathless capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry platform for discovery of biomarkers in human serum
Authors: Sassi Alexander P. , Andel Frank , Bitter Hans‐Marcus L. , Brown Michael P.S. , Chapman Robert G. , Espiritu Jeraldine , Greenquist Alfred C. , Guyon Isabelle , Horchi‐Alegre Mariana , Stults Kathy L. , Wainright Ann , Heller Jonathan C. , Stults John T. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry (CE‐MS) method has been developed to perform routine, automated analysis of low‐molecular‐weight peptides in human serum. The method incorporates transient isotachophoresis for in‐line preconcentration and a sheathless electrospray interface. To evaluate the performance of the method and demonstrate the utility of the approach, an experiment was designed in which peptides were added to sera from individuals at each of two different concentrations, artificially creating two groups of samples. The CE‐MS data from the serum samples were divided into separate training and test sets. A pattern‐recognition/feature‐selection algorithm based on support vector machines was used to select the mass‐to‐charge (m/z) values from the training set data that distinguished the two groups of samples from each other. The added peptides were identified correctly as the distinguishing features, and pattern recognition based on these peptides was used to assign each sample in the independent test set to its respective group. A twofold difference in peptide concentration could be detected with statistical significance (p‐value < 0.0001). The accuracy of the assignment was 95%, demonstrating the utility of this technique for the discovery of patterns of biomarkers in serum.
Simulated effect of a forest road on near‐surface hydrologic response and slope stability
Authors: Dutton Anona L. , Loague Keith , Wemple Beverley C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractForest management practices often result in significant changes to hydrologic and geomorphic responses at or near the earth's surface. A well‐known, but not fully tested, hypothesis in hillslope hydrology[sol ]geomorphology is that a near‐surface permeability contrast, caused by the surface compaction associated with forest roads, can result in diverted subsurface flow paths that produce increased up‐slope pore pressures and slope failure. The forest road focused on in this study is located in a steep forested, zero‐order catchment within the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest (Oregon). A three‐phase modelling effort was employed to test the aforementioned hypothesis: (i) two‐dimensional (vertical slice), steady‐state, heterogeneous, saturated subsurface flow simulations at the watershed scale for establishing the boundary conditions for the catchment‐scale boundary‐value problem in (ii); (ii) two‐dimensional (vertical slice), transient, heterogeneous, variably saturated subsurface flow simulations at the catchment scale for estimating near‐surface hydrologic response and pore pressure distributions; and (iii) slope stability analyses, using the infinite slope approach, driven by the pore pressure distributions simulated in (ii), for assessing the impact of the forest road. Both observed and hypothetical rainfall events are used to drive the catchment‐scale simulations. The results reported here support the hypothesis that a forest road can have an effect on slope stability. The permeability contrast associated with the forest road in this study led to a simulated altering of slope‐parallel subsurface flow with increased pore pressures up‐slope of the road and, for a large rainfall event, a slope failure prediction. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chloride as a signature indicator of soil textural and hydrologic stratigraphies in variable charge deep profiles
Authors: Rasiah V. , Armour J. D. , Menzies N. W. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSoil properties that influence water movement through profiles are important for determining flow paths, reactions between soil and solute, and the ultimate destination of solutes. This is particularly important in high rainfall environments. For highly weathered deep profiles, we hypothesize that abrupt changes in the distribution of the quotient [QT = (silt + sand)/clay] reflect the boundaries between textural units or textural (TS) and hydrologic (HS) stratigraphies. As a result, QT can be used as a parameter to characterize TS and as a surrogate for HS. Secondly, we propose that if chloride distributions were correlated with QT, under non‐limiting anion exchange, then chloride distributions can be used as a signature indicator of TS and HS. Soil cores to a depth of 12·5 m were taken from 16 locations in the wet tropical Johnstone River catchment of northeast Queensland, Australia. The cores belong to nine variable charge soil types and were under sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum‐S) production, which included the use of potassium chloride, for several decades. The cores were segmented at 1 m depth increments and subsamples were analysed for chloride, pH, soil water content (θ), clay, silt and sand contents. Selected bores were capped to serve as piezometers to monitor groundwater dynamics. Depth incremented QT, θ and chloride correlated, each individually, significantly with the corresponding profile depth increments, indicating the presence of textural, hydrologic and chloride gradients in profiles. However, rapid increases in QT down the profile indicated abrupt changes in TS, suggesting that QT can be used as a parameter to characterize TS and as a surrogate for HS. Abrupt changes in chloride distributions were similar to QT, suggesting that chloride distributions can be used as a signature indicator of QT (TS) and HS. Groundwater data indicated that chloride distributions depended, at least partially, on groundwater dynamics, providing further support to our hypothesis that chloride distribution can be used as a signature indicator of HS. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TGF‐β induced hyaluronan synthesis in orbital fibroblasts involves protein kinase C βII activation in vitro
Authors: Wang Hwai‐Shi , Tung Wen‐Hsiu , Tang Kam‐Tsun , Wong Yi‐Kuei , Huang Ging‐Jye , Wu Jiahn‐Chun , Guo Yi‐Jhih , Chen Chin‐Chang 
Published: March 2005

AbstractGraves' ophthalmopathy is accompanied by hyaluronan (HA) accumulation in the orbital space and infiltration of immunocompetent cells and cytokines, including IFN‐γ, IL‐1β, and TGF‐β. We examined the signal transduction pathways by which TGF‐β induces HA synthesis in normal orbital fibroblasts, orbital fibroblasts from patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy, and abdominal fibroblasts. Calphostin C inhibited the stimulation of HA synthesis by TGF‐β. Phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) activation of PKC stimulated HA production. The effects of TGF‐β and PMA were not synergistic. Stimulation by TGF‐β and PMA were dependent on protein synthesis and their effects were inhibited by cycloheximide. Since TGF‐β‐induced HA synthesis was inhibited by BAPTA or by PKC inhibitors, a calcium‐dependent PKC was most likely involved. The PKA inhibitor H‐89 enhanced TGF‐β‐ and PMA‐induced HA synthesis, thus showing that communication between the PKA and PKC pathways was evident. TGF‐β stimulated the translocation of PKCβII to the cell membrane. PKCβII, a key enzyme in the regulation of HA synthesis by TGF‐β, might be an appropriate target for therapeutic compounds to be used to treat Graves' ophthalmopathy accompanied by inflammation. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermodynamic origin of the chiral recognition of tryptophan on teicoplanin and teicoplanin aglycone stationary phases
Authors: Haroun Mohamed , Ravelet Corinne , Ravel Anne , Grosset Catherine , Villet Annick , Peyrin Eric 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe D‐, L‐tryptophan binding and the chiral recognition properties of the teicoplanin and teicoplanin aglycone (TAG) chiral stationary phase (CSPs) were compared at various column temperatures. The solute adsorption isotherms (bi‐Langmuir model) were determined for both the two CSPs using the perturbation method. It was demonstrated that the sugar units were involved in the reduction of the apparent enantioselectivity through two phenomena: (i) the inhibition of some enantioselective contacts with low‐affinity binding regions of the aglycone and (ii) a decrease in the stereoselective properties of the aglycone high‐affinity binding pocket. The phenomenon (ii) was governed by both a decrease in the ratio of the enantiomer adsorption constant and a strong reduction of the site accessibility for D‐ and L‐tryptophan. In addition, a temperature effect study was performed to investigate the chiral recognition mechanism at the aglycone high‐affinity pocket. An enthalpy‐entropy compensation analysis derived from the Grunwald model as well as the comparison with the literature data demonstrated that the enantioselective binding mode was dependent on an interface dehydration process. The change in the enantioselective process observed between the TAG and teicoplanin CSP was characterized by a difference of ca. 2–3 ordered water molecules released from the species interface.
Multifocal motor neuropathy: Current concepts and controversies
Authors: Nobile‐Orazio Eduardo , Cappellari Alberto , Priori Alberto 
Published: March 2005

AbstractMultifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is now a well‐defined purely motor multineuropathy characterized by the presence of multifocal partial motor conduction blocks (CB), frequent association with anti‐GM1 IgM antibodies, and usually a good response to high‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy. However, several issues remain to be clarified in the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and therapy of this condition including its nosological position and its relation to other chronic dysimmune neuropathies; the degree of CB necessary for the diagnosis of MMN; the existence of an axonal form of MMN; the pathophysiological basis of CB; the pathogenetic role of antiganglioside antibodies; the mechanism of action of IVIg treatments in MMN and the most effective regimen; and the treatment to be used in unresponsive patients. These issues are addressed in this review of the main clinical, electrophysiological, immunological, and therapeutic features of this neuropathy. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Sural and radial sensory responses in healthy adults: Diagnostic implications for polyneuropathy
Authors: Esper Gregory J. , Nardin Rachel A. , Benatar Michael , Sax Tracy W. , Acosta Juan A. , Raynor Elizabeth M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe prospectively performed sural and radial sensory nerve conduction studies in 92 healthy subjects, aged between 21 and 88 years, both to determine the lower limits of normal (LLN) and to assess the effects of age and body mass index (BMI) on the sural and radial sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitudes and on the sural/radial amplitude ratio (SRAR). Using the nonparametric bootstrap method to calculate 95% confidence intervals, we found that the 5% LLN values for sural and radial SNAPs were 14 μV and 25.5 μV in subjects aged ≤39 years, 7 μV and 17.4 μV in subjects aged 40–59 years, and 3 μV and 12 μV in subjects aged ≥60 years. The 5% LLN for SRAR for all patients was 0.21. Sural and radial SNAP amplitudes but not SRAR were strongly and inversely correlated with age and BMI. These age‐adjusted normal values and revised SRAR will aid in the electrodiagnosis of polyneuropathy. Muscle Nerve, 2005