bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyphenol‐Rich Extract of Syzygium cumini Leaf Reduces Non‐alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in MSG‐obese Mice by a Joint Action on Insulin Resistance and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: França Lucas Matins , dos Santos Pâmela Costa , Flister Karla Frida Torres , Vale Caroline Castro , Sanches Jonas Rodrigues , Benevides Renata Ohana Alves , Ribeiro Nathalee Liberal Xavier , Laurindo Francisco Rafael Martins , de Andrade Paes Antonio Marcus 
Published: November 2023

The hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) sustains non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) putting hepatic de novo lipogenesis into a vicious cycle. Early studies from our group have shown that polyphenol‐rich extract of S. cumini leaf (HESc) improves NAFLD in monosodium L‐glutamate (MSG)‐obese rats. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of HESc on lipid metabolism and ER stress markers in the liver of MSG‐obese mice. MSG‐obese mice were orally treated with HESc (Obese+HESc, 0,5 g/kg/day) for 4 weeks, whereas other MSG‐Obese and Lean mice received saline. Weight gain, food intake, feed efficiency and Lee index (LI) were measured for obesity development assessment. At the end of treatment, glucose (GTT) and insulin (ITT) tolerance tests were performed. Blood, white adipose tissues (WAT) and liver were collected upon euthanasia of anesthetized animals. Serum glucose (GL), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), free fatty acids (FFA) and insulin levels were determined and used to calculate HOMA‐IR and TyG indexes. WAT was weighed and their lipolytic activity assessed. Hepatic tissue was used to determine the lipid profile and gene expression of markers associated to TG synthesis (SREBP1c, PPARs, FAS, SCD1 and DGAT2) and exportation (APOB, PDI and MTTP). Expression of ER stress‐related genes (ATF6, IRE1α, PERK, NRF2 and CHOP) were also measured. HESc reduced the body weight (12%), LI (6%) and WAT (20%) as compared to Obese non‐treated mice. GL, TG, insulin and FFA levels were diminished in 38, 37, 29 and 30%, respectively. HESc improved insulin sensitivity by reducing both HOMA‐IR (56%) and TyG (9%) indexes, meanwhile increased kITT (87%). Lipolytic activity of Obese+HESc was increased in both basal (72%) and isoproterenol‐stimulated (42%) conditions. Total fat liver and TG content were reduced in 29 and 22%, respectively. HESc decreased the expression of PPARγ (35%), SREBP1c (52%), PPARα (56%), FAS (63%), DGAT2 (50%), ApoB (50%), MTTP (45%), PERK (66%) and NRF2 (50%), as compared to Obese non‐treated mice. On the other hand, hepatic expression of IRE1α, ATF6, PDI and CHOP genes did not change among groups. Therefore, our data suggest that HESc amelliorates NAFLD in MSG‐obese mice by improving insulin sensitivity and downregulating gene expression of hepatic lipogenesis markers, as well as PERK downstream pathway, an important lipogenic inducer of ER stress in the liver.Support or Funding InformationFAPEMA, UFMA and CAPES
3R, 3′R zeaxanthin Protects Retina from Photo‐Oxidative Damage: in vivo model
Authors: Sahin Nurhan , Akdemir Fatih , Orhan Cemal , Tuzcu Mehmet , Yilmaz Ismet , Juturu Vijaya 
Published: November 2023

Objective3R, 3′R zeaxanthin is one of the three principle carotenoids in the eye and supports eye health and visual function as a potent antioxidant and protector of lipid membranes against singlet oxygen and free radicals. RR‐zeaxanthin works synergistically with the other macular carotenoids to absorb a broader spectrum of high‐energy blue light to protect against photo‐induced oxidative damage. We tested this hypothesis to determine the effects of 3R, 3′R zeaxanthin (OmniXan®, OMX) in ocular tissues and plasma in age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) of rats exposed to dark and intense lightMethodsMale Wistar male rats (age: 8 weeks, weight: 180 ± 20 g) were housed in a controlled environment with a 12:12‐h light‐dark cycle at 22°C and provided with rat chow and water ad libitum. All experiments were conducted under the National Institutes of Health's Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Inonu University. After providing compliance with the conditions of the laboratory, rats were randomly divided into treatment groups and exposed to Group I (A & B+/− 100 mg/kg BW OMX); 12 h light and 12 dark], Intense light [Gr II (A & B)+/100 mg/kg BW OMX) LED] 24h, Intense light [Gr III (A & B) +/− 100 mg/kg BW OMX) IL, LED] 16h and 8h dark adaptation for 60 days. Vision and brain health markers such as Rhodopsin (Rho) Rod arrestin (Sag), G Protein Subunit Alpha Transducin 1 Gnat1, nuclear factor‐kappa B NFkB, neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM, growth‐associated protein‐43 GAP43, glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 Nrf2 and Heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) were analyzed. Oxidative stress and anti ‐inflammatory markers were analyzed. The data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS (SAS Institute: SAS User's Guide). The treatments were compared using ANOVA and student's unpaired t test; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOMX administration significantly alleviated oxidative stress and improved Rho, Rod arrestin (Sag), Gnat1, NCAM, GAP43, Nrf2 and HO‐1 in retinal tissues. SOD and GSH‐Px improved with OMX. No gross lesions, no mortality and no adverse events were observed.ConclusionThese observations suggest that OMX may be considered to prevent photoreceptor cell degeneration.Support or Funding InformationOmni Active Health Technologies Ltd. India.
Genistein in Combination with Sulforaphane for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Liu Dongmin , Wang Aihua , Liu Jing , Alkhalidy Hana , Zhen Wei , Moore William 
Published: November 2023

Insulin resistance and loss of functional beta‐cell mass are hallmarks for the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Therefore, the search for agents that simultaneously reverse these two defects could be a more effective strategy to treat T2D. We recently reported that dietary provision of genistein (0.5 g/kg diet) preserved pancreatic b‐cell mass and ameliorated hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. Here, we found that sulforaphane (0.25 g/kg diet), a small molecule derived from cruciferous vegetables prevented insulin resistance in diet‐induced obese mice. Notably, oral administration of genistein in combination with sulforaphane completely normalized hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity in middle‐aged obese diabetic mice. Ex vivo, genistein directly promoted viability of cultured human and mouse islets chronically exposed to palmitate (0.5 mM) and high glucose (HG, 20 mM). On molecular levels, genistein activates GPR30, which subsequently induces the Gαs/cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway essential for promoting beta cell survival. Consistently, oral administration of genistein (50 mg/kg body weight) mitigated STZ‐induced hyperglycemia in WT but not in GPR30 KO diabetic mice. Moreover, we show that sulforaphane promoted mitochondrial function, enhanced pyruvate and fatty acid oxidation, and increased glucose uptake in primary human muscle cells. These results demonstrate for the first time that the combination of phytonutrient genistein and sulforaphane with complimentary mechanisms of actions may have considerable potential for preventing and treating T2D.Support or Funding InformationThe work was supported by grants from NCCIH of NIH (1R01AT007077, 1R01AT007566) and the American Diabetes Association Diabetes Basic Research Award (7‐11‐BS‐84).
Effect of Sulfur‐Containing Compounds on Hydrogen Sulfide Production in THP‐1 Differentiated Macrophages
Authors: Rodrigues Camila , Fereyduni Ehsan , Grenning Alexander J , Rowe Cheryl A , Percival Susan S 
Published: November 2023

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is considered the third endogenous gaseous signaling transmitter. The H2S has been described as a target molecule for therapies on specific diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory processes. Garlic and glutathione (GSH) are examples of sulfur‐containing compounds that have been shown to modulate H2S production in erythrocytes and other specialized cells. However, such evidence has never been described in immune cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aged garlic extract (AGE) and GSH on H2S production in macrophages. THP‐1 monocytes (0.7×106) were differentiated into macrophages using phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate in a 96‐well plate. Once differentiated, the cells were pre‐incubated at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere for 30 minutes with a fluorescent turn‐on H2S‐responsive probe (DP‐NBD – 150uM), synthesized according to Zhang et al. (2015). The cells were treated for 24 hours with GYY4137 (300uM), GSH (1mM), AGE (100mg/ml) or GSH+AGE. Cells were also treated for 24 hours with GSH and then 3 hours with AGE. The H2S production was identified using a fluorescent microscope and the fluorescence of DP‐NBD recorded. After the 24 hour incubation, GSH and AGE treatments alone had no effect on H2S production compared to non‐treated cells. Moreover, in the GSH (24 hours) + AGE (3 hours) treatment, the fluorescence intensity also did not differ from non‐treated cells. However, when the macrophages were incubated with GSH+AGE at the same time, the fluorescence was higher than non‐treated cells and comparable to the positive control. In conclusion, incubation with GSH and AGE together increased H2S production in THP‐1 differentiated macrophages after 24 hours of treatment, but this effect was not observed in the individual treatments. These results demonstrate a possible interaction between GSH and AGE in immune cells.Support or Funding InformationUF/IFAS Agriculture Experiment Station
Dietary Supplement Items on Commonly Used Food Frequency Questionnaires
Authors: Rios‐Avila Luisa , Dwyer Johanna , Costello Rebecca , Potischman Nancy 
Published: November 2023

For some nutrients, dietary supplements (DS) contribute substantially to total intakes, and thus assessment of DS use is important. Most large epidemiological studies use food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) to obtain information about DS intake. However, the various FFQs enquire about different DS and use differing methods for assigning values for nutrients and other bioactive constituents in the products. In addition, FFQs differ in the questions about frequencies, duration and dosages of DS, making comparisons of intakes across studies difficult. Inconsistencies in the literature relating DS usage with particular outcomes may be partly due to differences in assessment of DS in these questionnaires. We examined commonly used FFQs available for general use in large epidemiological cohorts including the Diet History Questionnaire II, the Willett questionnaire, the Block questionnaire 2014 full‐length FFQ + physical activity screener, the Women's Health Initiative FFQ, the Vitamins and Lifestyle FFQ and the Multiethnic Cohort Study FFQ and their additional supplement questionnaire used to validate their FFQ supplement data. In addition to the studies mentioned, these questionnaires have been used in large prospective studies including the Nurses' Health Study, the Health Professionals Follow‐Up Study, the Women's Health Study, the Sister Study, the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Survey, and the AARP cohort study. This analysis compared differences and similarities on items querying DS use. The FFQs differed on number of DS with lists varying from 3 to 49 supplements; type of supplement (e.g. One FFQ did not ask about multivitamin with minerals, four did not ask about herbal/botanical, and two did not ask about non‐vitamin/non‐mineral supplements); dosages (Six of the FFQs asked for dosages only for specific nutrients such as vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin D, and calcium); and frequency and duration categories of use (e.g. Two FFQs did not ask how often DS are used, two asked for seasonal use only for vitamin A, C and D, and only four asked how often herbal/botanical supplements are used). Information on the DS database used to estimate nutrients from supplements on FFQs was also obtained. In summary, all FFQs included questions to determine the use of multivitamins, single vitamins, and single minerals, but differed in the inclusion or exclusion of other types including multivitamins with minerals or other combinations, herbal/botanical, and non‐vitamin/non‐mineral supplements. Moreover, FFQs differed in the number of DS supplements listed, dosage for all DS listed, and frequency and duration of use for some of the DS including herbal/botanical supplements.Support or Funding InformationOffice of Dietary Supplements, NIH
Objectively Collected Weight Data and Long‐Term Outcomes: Analysis of Data From 90,000 Users of the Withings Smart Scale
Authors: Wilkinson Lua Juliet , Levitsky David 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceFrequent self‐weighing is a low‐intensity strategy that is associated with weight loss and/or weight maintenance in adults. Internet connected scales create a unique opportunity to study self‐weighing behaviors and weight outcomes over long periods.ObjectiveTo examine associations between body weight and self‐weighing over 5 years in a cohort of Withings Smart Scale users.Data sourceA de‐identified commercial dataset was obtained at no cost by contacting (via email found on the company's website) the Withings company.Design and MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study. All participants over age 18 and with BMIs above 15 using the scale worldwide between April 2009 and December 2015 were included. We performed descriptive analysis to explore weight trends. Multivariate logistic regression models were created to assess association of weight maintenance or loss to self‐weighing.ResultsA total of 91,814 participants were included in the analysis. Baseline BMI was 27.91±4.95 for males and 24.18±4.95 for females. 66.7% lost or maintained their weight while they were using the scale (median 1,717; interquartile range = 334). Overall weight change was ‐ 0.09±7.62kg of baseline body weight; mean weights per week was 1.75 ± 1.44. Making a desired weight loss goal was the most important factor for successful weight loss or maintenance (OR = 1.72; 95% CI = 1.66–1.77, p <0.001), followed by frequent weighing (≥ weekly) (OR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.08–1.14; p <0.001).ConclusionIn this cohort of adults using a commercially available smart scale, making a weight loss target and frequent self‐weighing are significantly associated with weight loss and/or maintenance. This study is just one example of many of the clinical utility that objective weight data from a large commercial data set may offer.Support or Funding InformationDr Wilkinson is supported by Grant Number T32DK062710 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
Pasta Consumption in American Children and Adolescents is Associated with Greater Daily Intake of Shortfall Nutrients as Defined by the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines, Improved Diet Quality and Lower Added Sugar Intake
Authors: Papanikolaou Yanni 
Published: November 2023

Pasta remains a popular food choice with American children and adolescents, but limited data is available on the nutritional relevance of pasta consumption. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between pasta consumption, shortfall nutrient intakes as defined by the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2015–2020 DG), and diet quality in comparison to non‐pasta consumption in US children and adolescents 2–18 years‐old; N=323). A secondary analyses was completed using datasets from What We Eat in America, the dietary component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2012. Diet quality was measured using USDA's Healthy Eating Index‐2010. Pasta consumption was defined as all dry domestic and imported pasta/noodle varieties made with only wheat and no egg. No significant differences were seen in energy intake when comparing adult pasta consumers vs. non‐consumers (2029±52 vs. 1985±9 kcal/d). When considering 2015–2020 DG shortfall nutrients, pasta consumption was significantly associated with increased intake of dietary fiber (16±0.6 vs. 13±0.1 g/d, p<0.0001), folate, DFE (701±30 vs. 528±5 μg/d, p<0.0001), iron (15.8±0.5 vs. 14.4±0.1 mg/d, p=0.01), magnesium (249±7 vs. 231±1 mg/d, p=0.006), and vitamin E as α‐tocopherol (7.1±0.4 vs. 6.0±0.1 mg/d, p=0.012), in comparison to non‐pasta consumption. No significant associations were seen for vitamins A and D, calcium, and potassium intake. Of nutrients to limit, adults consuming pasta had significantly lower saturated fat (23±1 vs. 26±0.2 g/d, p=0.007) and total fat (66±2.4 vs. 73±0.5 g/d, p=0.009) intake, while no differences were observed for sodium, total and added sugar intake compared to non‐pasta consumption. Pasta consumers had a significantly better diet quality compared to non‐pasta consumers (48.6±1.0 vs. 45.5±0.2, p=0.0021). No significant associations were seen with body weight, waist circumference and body mass index. Pasta consumption in children and adolescents was associated with a better diet quality as measured by USDA's Healthy Eating Index‐2010, improved 2015 DG shortfall nutrient intakes and lower intake of nutrients to limit (saturated and total fat), relative to non‐pasta consumption.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by the National Pasta Association.
Blood lead, iron deficiency and attentional ADHD symptoms in Uruguayan first‐graders
Authors: Barg Gabriel , Queirolo Elena I , Mañay Nelly , Peregalli Fabiana , Kordas Katarzyna 
Published: November 2023

The combined effect of iron deficiency and lead exposure on attentional ADHD symptoms is not well studied. We investigated the associations among blood lead level (BLL), iron deficiency (ID, serum ferritin <15 μg/L) and inattention/cognitive problems (I/CP‐measured by the Conners Teacher Rating Scale) in a cross‐sectional study of first‐grade children (n=257, age 6.7±0.5 years, 55.6% boys) from Montevideo, Uruguay. Aspects of children's attention (ex., attention shifting) were measured by teacher reports on the BRIEF questionnaire. Generalized linear models (GLM) accounting for the school‐based cluster design and adjusting for maternal education and employment, parental smoking, household crowding and SES, as well as child's general intelligence and attention problems were used to model the association of BLL and ID with I/CP scores. Mean of BLL was 4.19±2.2 μg/dL, 39% of children had ID and 25% had mild to severe inattention problems (I/CP > 60 T score). BLL and serum ferritin were not independently associated with I/CP. However, in children with ID, BLL was associated with more problematic I/CP scores (0.32±0.14, p=0.026). This was not observed among non‐ID children (0.09 ±0.08, p=0.239). General intelligence and maternal education were protective factors against I/CP (both at p<0.000). The ability to shift attention, commonly beneficial for cognitive performance, was negatively associated with I/CP in children with ID, presumably by ID's negative effect on the ability to control the attentional focus. In sum, our early findings suggest an adverse effect of the combination of ID and higher BLLs on sustained attention, a key competence for learning and socialization.Support or Funding InformationNIEHS R21ES16523, R21ES019949
NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF BRAZILIAN CHILDREN FROM ACRE AND RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATES ASSISTED BY “BOLSA FAMÍLIA” PROGRAM.
Authors: BORTOLINI MIGUEL JUNIOR SORDI , Freitas Anderson Gonçalves , de Lima Diego Gonçalves , Silva Carolina Freitas , Bortolini Cristiane Soares Ferreira , de Abreu Luiz Carlos , de Oliveira Meneguetti Dionatas Ulises , Silva Romeu Paulo Martins 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo compare the nutritional status of children from two Brazilian states assisted by “Bolsa Família” program using SISVAN WEB.MethodsDescriptive and retrospective epidemiological study were conducted using a secondary database evaluating the nutritional status of children aged five to ten years old receiving economical support by the “Bolsa Familia” Program (PBF) from 2011 to 2015 in Acre (AC) and Rio Grande do Sul (RS) states of Brazil. The data from AC (94.865 children) and RS (342.462 children) states were collected from an open database platform, SISVAN WEB platform. Anthropometric index of body mass index‐age (BMI/age) were used to data classification.ResultsBy analyzing the period from 2011 to 2015, it was found that the average prevalence of eutrophic children aged five to ten years old were respectively 70.42% and 61.28% in AC and RS states; Acre's overweight (Ow) children archived 13.06% (AC) and 19.48% (RS) and the prevalence was of obesity (Ob) was 5.08% (AC) and 9.36% (RS); Severe obesity (SO) was 4.02% (AC) and 6.92% (RS).ConclusionsOverweight and obesity in Brazilian children assisted by PBF has grown in the past five years in both states. Notably RS state had greater amount of Ow, Ob and SO compared to AC one. We hypnotized that it could occurred because the nutritional transition from RS is already more advanced than AC state. Future studies should be applied to research this matter.Support or Funding InformationFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO A PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO ACRE (FAPAC)