bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Kristallstrukturen von Ca4Ir8P7 und Ca4Ir8As7 sowie ihre Beziehung zum ThCr2Si2‐Typ
Authors: Löhken Anke , Mewis Albrecht 
Published: October 2004

AbstractCa4Ir8P7 (a = 12, 560(9), b = 3, 945(2), c = 13, 042(8) Å, β = 98, 81(5)°) und Ca4Ir8As7 (a = 12, 987(6), b = 4, 070(2), c = 13, 470(4) Å, β = 98, 14(3)°) kristallisieren in einem neuen Strukturtyp monokliner Symmetrie (P21/m; Z = 2). Bei ihm sind sieben der acht kristallographisch unterschiedlichen Ir‐Atome tetraedrisch von Nichtmetallatomen koordiniert. Im Gegensatz zum ThCr2Si2‐Typ sind die Tetraeder nicht zu Schichten verknüpft, sondern zu Bändern unterschiedlicher Breite. Die gegeneinander verkippten Bänder werden über das achte Ir‐Atom miteinander verbunden, das dadurch eine trigonal planare P‐ bzw. As‐Umgebung erhält. Die Ca‐Atome befinden sich in den Lücken des so gebildeten dreidimensionalen Gerüsts. Im Gegensatz zu ähnlichen Rh‐Phosphiden können bei den beiden Ir‐Verbindungen keine bindenden Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Nichtmetallatomen diskutiert werden, es dominieren vielmehr kovalente Ir‐P/As‐ sowie metallische Bindungen. Dargestellt wurden die Verbindungen durch Erhitzen der entsprechenden Elementgemenge auf 1100 °C; die Strukturbestimmung erfolgte röntgenographisch auf der Basis von Einkristalldaten.
New Ternary Iodides of Lanthanum and Cerium, AIIMI4 (A = Sr, Ba, Nd, Sm, Eu; M = La, Ce)
Authors: Gerlitzki Niels , Hammerich Stefanie , Meyer Gerd 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBlack single crystals of nine ternary iodides AIIMI4 (A = Sr, Ba, Nd, Sm, Eu; M = La, Ce) have been obtained from reactions of the metals A with the triiodides of M in sealed tantalum containers at elevated temperatures. They all crystallize isotypically with BaLaI4 (monoclinic, I2/a, Z = 4). The most important structural feature are chains of face‐sharing square antiprisms [MI8] in accord with the formula A[MI8/2]. M‐M distances are, on the average, 370.6 and 367.9 pm for M = La and Ce, respectively. With all M‐M distances equal, these iodides are expected to be one‐dimensional metals according to the formulation (A2+)(M3+)(e‐)(I‐)4 with the excess electron residing in a 5d band.
Reactions of Di(1‐cyclohepta‐2, 4, 6‐trienyl)sulfane, S(C7H7)2, with Derivatives of the Hexacarbonyls, M(CO)6 (M = Cr, Mo, W)
Authors: Herberhold Max , Liu Jinnan , Milius Wolfgang , Tok Oleg , Wrackmeyer Bernd 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMononuclear carbonylmetal complexes of chromium, molybdenum and tungsten containing the sulfane S(C7H7)2 (1) have been obtained starting from precursors such as the THF‐stabilized pentacarbonylmetal fragments, [M(CO)5](thf), the acetonitrile intermediates M(CO)6‐x(CH3CN)x (x = 1, 2, 3) (M = Cr, Mo, W) or the η4‐norbornadiene complexes M(CO)4(C7H8) (M = Cr, Mo). In addition to the pentacarbonyls, M(CO)5[S(C7H7)2] (M = Cr (2a), Mo (2b), W (2c)) which contain 1 unchanged as a two‐electron sulfane ligand with two pending cyclohepta‐2, 4, 6‐trienyl substituents, isomeric complexes M(CO)5[S(CH2Ph)(C7H7)] (M = Cr (3a), W (3c)) were obtained at higher temperatures (40‐50 °C) in which one of the two organic groups has been transformed into a benzyl substituent. In the tetracarbonyls, cis‐M(CO)4[S(C7H7)(η2‐C7H7)] (M = Mo (4b), W (4c)), the ligand 1 serves as an olefinic sulfane four‐electron chelate ligand. The reaction of either Mo(CO)6 or (mesitylene)Mo(CO)3 with S(C7H7)2 (1) in boiling THF leads to the sulfur‐free ditropyl complex Mo(CO)3[(η6‐C7H7)‐C7H7] (5b, two isomers). The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the new complexes 2‐4 reveal various dynamic processes including pyramidal inversion of the sulfur atom and [1, 7]‐sigmatropic shifts at the C7H7 ring. The molecular structures of 2c, 3a, 4b and 4c have been determined by X‐ray crystallography.
Das Subchlorid Bi16PdCl22: Pd@Bi104+‐Polykationen in einem Raumnetzwerk aus Chlorobismutat(III)‐Anionen
Authors: Dubenskyy Vitaly , Ruck Michael 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBi16PdCl22 wurde in Form schwarzer, luftempfindlicher Kristalle aus den Elementen durch langsames Abkühlen einer Schmelze von 1270 K auf Raumtemperatur dargestellt. Aus Röntgenbeugungsuntersuchungen an Einkristallen geht hervor, dass die Verbindung in der triklinen Raumgruppe $P{\bar 1}$ kristallisiert mit a = 2047, 7(4) pm, b = 2132, 1(4) pm, c = 2145, 4(4) pm und α = 91, 09(3)°, β = 95, 14(3)°, γ = 93, 16(3)°. In der Kristallstruktur finden sich Polykationen Pd@Bi104+ in Gestalt pentagonaler Archimedischer Antiprismen eingebettet in die Hohlräume eines pseudo‐kubischen Raumnetzwerkes [Bi6Cl22]4‐ aus spitzen‐ und kantenverknüpften Chlorobismutat(III)‐Ionen. Die 2×2×2‐Überstruktur resultiert aus drei verschiedenen Hauptorientierungen der Polykationen, die im Anzahlverhältnis 3 : 3 : 2 auftreten. Die Formulierung als kationische Einschlussverbindung Pd@Bi104+ basiert auf der nur schwachen Wechselwirkung zwischen dem interstitiellen Pd0, das eine abgeschlossene Unterschale aufweist, und dem umgebenden elektronenpräzisen arachno‐Cluster Bi104+.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure Determination and Vibrational Spectra of Indium(II) Indium(III) Oxidephosphate, (In2)4+(In3+)2O2(PO4)2
Authors: Thauern H. , Glaum R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe new indium(II, III)‐oxidephosphate In2O(PO4) has been obtained from In2O3 and phosphorus (n(In) : n(P) = 1 : 0.53, 800 °C, iodine as mineralizer; In2O3 and indium as by products). Colourless single crystals of In2O(PO4) were grown by chemical vapour transport in a temperature gradient (800 → 700 °C) using iodine as transport agent. The crystal structure of In2O(PO4) ($P{\bar 1}$, Z = 2, a = 5.220(3) Å, b = 6.322(3) Å, c = 6.789(3) Å, α = 107.72(5)°, β = 109.21(5)°, γ = 95.56(6)°, is characterised by a three‐dimensional network of [PO4] tetrahedra and [In2O10] groups formed by edge‐sharing octahedra [In3+O6]. Channels within the network (∥ crystallographic b‐axis) contain (In—In)4+ dimers in agreement with the formula (In2)4+(In3+)2O2(PO4)2. IR‐ and Raman‐spectra have been measured to characterise the In‐In bond. The strongest emission in the Raman spectrum at $\tilde {\nu}$ = 163 cm‐1 is attributed to the In‐In stretching vibration. For In3(PO4)2 [structural formula: (In2)4+3(PO4)4] $\tilde {\nu}$‐(In—;In) = 195 cm‐1 is observed.
>La2C3 und seine Reaktion mit Wasserstoff
Authors: Simon Arndt , Gulden Thomas 
Published: October 2004

AbstractLa2C3 ist als homogene Phase mit einem Kohlenstoffgehalt von 56.2 bis 60.2 % beschrieben worden. Mehrwöchiges Tempern bei 1150 K führt jedoch zur Separation in die Randphasen La2C2.7 ($I{\bar 4}{\rm 3}d$, a = 879.88(4) pm) und La2C3 (a = 881.80(5) pm), die scharfe Übergänge zur Supraleitung bei 5.6 K bzw. 13.2 K zeigen. Die Umsetzung von La2C3‐x mit H2 ergibt temperaturabhängig verschiedene Produkte. Bei 450 K entstehen röntgenamorphe Produkte der analytischen Zusammensetzung La2C3‐xH1.5+x. Ausgehend von La2C3 beobachtet man im Temperaturintervall von 620 bis 820 K ein analytisch als La2CH4 charakterisiertes Produkt mit stark verbreiterten Reflexen im Röntgendiagramm ($FM{\bar 3}m$, a = 564.2(1) pm). Die Umsetzung bei 1000 bis 1100 K ergibt La2C2H2 (C2/m, a = 720.6(8), b = 393.2(2), c = 673.9(4) pm, β = 94.66(5) °), für dessen Struktur ein Vorschlag aus der metrischen Ähnlichkeit mit La2C2O2 entwickelt wird.
Quantitative Beschreibung von Kristallstrukturen über die Fern‐Ordnung: Ist das Oxyd RbNa2AuO2 ein “Oxoaurat”?
Authors: Hoppe Rudolf 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSelbst Oxyde wie BO4Nb mit simplem Aufbau sind nach der Kristallstruktur nicht einzuordnen: Borat? Niobat? Doppeloxyd? Sind daher RbNa2AuO2 und Analoga, z.B. Na3AuO2 etc., wirklich ‘Oxoaurate’, wie behauptet? Eine neue, nur die Fernordnung nutzende quantitative Beschreibung des Kristallaufbaus hilft, diese und andere Fragen zu beantworten! Bereits bei 430 °C entstehen klar durchsichtige, leicht hellbläuliche/farblose Einkristalle von RbNa2AuO2 durch ‘Oxydative Addition’ aus innigen Gemengen RbAu + Na2O2 (Ag‐Bömbchen, Ag‐Konus‐Verschluß, extrem trocken, unter Ar, in Ampullen aus Supremaxglas, 10 d). Wie bei KNa2AuO2 liegen Hanteln [OAuO], gewellte Schichten {O1/2(NaO)O1/2} und PdCl2‐analoge O2/2RbO2/2‐Ketten vor. Zählt man aber zusätzlich, deutlich weiter entfernt, je ein O von zwei Nachbarketten ‘RbO2’ als Liganden mit, dann ist jedoch ein dreidimensionales Gerüst ‘RbO6/3’ vorhanden. Strukturgeometrisch liegt kein Oxoaurat(I), sondern ein Doppeloxyd vor.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Properties of Na2ReO3 and of a Second Modification of Na5ReO6
Authors: Sobotka Bettina M. , Mudring Anja‐Verena , Möller Angela 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSingle crystals of Na5ReO6 have been obtained from the reaction of Na2O, rhenium metal and CdO in Ag containers at 550 °C. At 700 °C Na2ReO3 is formed possibly via a topotactic redox reaction of Na5ReO6 with rhenium metal. Here we report the crystal structures of Na2ReO3 and a second modification of Na5ReO6, ex‐situ X‐ray diffraction studies of the reactivity within the system Na / Re / O, selected spectroscopic investigations of the two compounds and Extended‐Hückel calculations of the [Re2O6]4‐ anion, containing a rhenium‐rhenium triple‐bond.
HN(C3N3Cl2)2 und N(C3N3Cl2)3 ‐ mögliche molekulare Zwischenstufen bei der Synthese von Kohlenstoff(IV)‐nitriden
Authors: Tragl Sonja , Gibson Katharina , Meyer H.‐Jürgen 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBei der Reaktion von Cyanurchlorid mit Melamin wurde die Bildung der Amine Bis‐(4, 6‐dichloro‐[1, 3, 5]triazin‐2‐yl)amin HN(C3N3Cl2)2 und Tris‐(4, 6‐dichloro‐[1, 3, 5]triazin‐2‐yl)amin N(C3N3Cl2)3 beobachtet. Der Nachweis dieser Verbindungen erfolgte durch Einkristalldiffraktometrie bei Raumtemperatur. HN(C3N3Cl2)2 konnte hierbei als Addukt mit einem Mol Cyanurchlorid pro Formeleinheit isoliert werden. HN(C3N3Cl2)2 · C3N3Cl3 kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe C 2/c mit den Gitterkonstanten a = 739, 3(1), b = 1365, 5(2), c = 1700, 7(3) pm und β = 95, 86(2)°. Die Kristallstruktur von N(C3N3Cl2)3 stimmt mit der von Yaghi et al. bei 158 K bestimmten überein. Aufgrund der höheren Messtemperatur wurden etwas größere Gitterkonstanten erhalten (Raumgruppe R{\bar 3}$; a = 1933, 5(2) und c = 758, 41(7) pm).Auch bei Reaktionen von Cyanurchlorid mit Lithiumnitridoborat bzw. Lithiumcarbodiimid entstanden Einkristalle von N(C3N3Cl2)3. Dieses Molekül ist möglicherweise eine Zwischenstufe bei der Bildung von polymeren Verbindungen mit der Zusammensetzung C3N4, deren Strukturen aus Triazin‐Ringen aufgebaut sind, die über dreibindige N‐Atome verknüpft sind.
Structure Prediction of Inorganic Nanoparticles with Predefined Architecture using a Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Woodley Scott M. , Sokol Alexey A. , Catlow C. Richard A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA multistage scheme has been developed for the structure prediction of viable clusters, where a genetic algorithm is implemented within the first stage to generate approximate structures that can be refined via direct energy minimisation techniques in a later stage. Inclusion and exclusion zones, regions of space where atoms are allowed and forbidden, respectively, are used to reduce the search space and to steer the predicted structures so that they have a predefined architecture, e.g. bubble‐like as oppose to dense phase‐like. In a final stage, electronic, rather than atomistic, calculations were performed. The method has successfully generated sets of stable II‐VI semiconductor clusters (MX)n, with n ranging from 1 to 15. This method allows one to predict different types of morphology that may not necessarily contain the global minimum structure, but are of particular importance for small clusters in nature and the laboratory.
Ein ionenleitendes Natriumnickelborat, Na2Ni2B12O21, mit offener Kanalstruktur
Authors: Pompetzki M. , Albert B. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractNa2Ni2B12O21wurde durch eine Festkörperreaktion bei 800 °C aus Ni3(BO3)2, Na2B4O7und H3BO3dargestellt. Die Kristallstruktur wurde auf Basis von Röntgenpulverdaten mit derRietveld‐Methode verfeinert (I2/a,a= 17, 0662(4) Å,b= 4, 4801(1) Å,c= 19, 4223(5) Å,β= 102, 907(2)°,Rp= 4, 71 %,Rwp= 6, 44 %). Bei der Struktur handelt es sich um ein dreidimensionales B‐O‐Netzwerk mit darin eingebetteten, aus dimeren, kantenverknüpften, verzerrten NiO6‐Oktaedern bestehenden Baugruppen. Das Netzwerk weist eindimensionale Kanäle längs der kristallographischenb‐Achse auf. Natriumionen in diesen Kanälen werden bei Temperaturen oberhalb 480 °C mobil. Dies kann anhand von Messungen der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit nachgewiesen werden, es handelt sich bei der Titelverbindung somit um einen festen Elektrolyten.
Synthese, IR‐Spektren und Kristallstrukturen der Diphenylchalkogeno‐triphenylphosphiniminium‐Salze [Ph2ENPPh3]Cl (E = S, Se)
Authors: Neumüller Bernhard , Dehnicke Kurt 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDie Diphenylchalkogeno‐triphenylphosphiniminium‐Salze [Ph2ENPPh3]Cl (E = S, Se) wurden durch oxidative Addition von N‐chloro‐triphenylphosphanimin an Diphenylsulfid bzw. Diphenylselenid in Dichlormethanlösung hergestellt. Nach den IR‐Spektren und den Kristallstrukturen bilden beide Verbindungen ionische Strukturen. Der relativ kurze Se···Cl‐Abstand der Selenverbindung wird als Ionenpaar mit einer verzerrt Ψ‐trigonal‐bipyramidalen Koordination am Selenatom interpretiert, wobei das Chloratom und das Stickstoffatom die Apical‐Positionen besetzen.[Ph2SNPPh3]Cl (1): Raumgruppe P21, Z = 2, Gitterkonstanten bei 193 K: a = 868, 8(1); b = 1466, 6(2); c = 1008, 1(1) pm; β = 97, 64(1)°; R1 = 0, 026.[Ph2SeNPPh3]Cl (2): Raumgruppe P21, Z = 2, Gitterkonstanten bei 193 K: a = 892, 2(1); b = 1443, 1(1); c = 1011, 4(1) pm; β = 98, 52(1)°; R1 = 0, 022.
The First Palladium Tin Selenide: Pd7Sn2Se9.85
Authors: Pocha R. , Johrendt Dirk 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPd7Sn2Se9+x with x = 0.5‐0.85 were prepared by heating the elements at 750 °C in silica ampoules under argon atmosphere. The crystal structures were determined by single crystal X‐ray methods. The selenides crystallize in a new hexagonal structure type (Pd7Sn2Se9.85: P63/mmc, Z = 2, a = 7.297(2), c = 16.314(3) Å) with palladium atoms in six‐fold octahedral and four‐fold square coordination of selenium. Layers of isolated PdSe6 octahedra are connected along [001] by face‐ and edge‐sharing PdSe4/2 squares, whose Se atoms form anti‐cuboctahedra, each centered by selenium atoms with fractional occupations from x = 0.513(5) up to x = 0.847(6). The lattice parameter c increases linearly with x from 16.167(3) Å for Pd7Sn2Se9.51 to 16.314(3) Å in Pd7Sn2Se9.85. Tin is bonded to three selenium and three palladium atoms, respectively, both together form a distorted trigonal antiprism. Measurements of the electrical conductivity and the magnetic susceptibility reveals metallic Pauli‐paramagnetic behavior. The electronic charge distribution based on quantum mechanical calculations within the AIM theory is discussed. A mechanism based on the balance between increasing bonding energy and reorganization of charges is proposed and suspected to be a reason for the fractional occupation of one selenium site.
Chiral Recognition among Tris(diimine)‐metal Complexes. 9. Crystal Structure Prediction for the Chiral Molecular Salt [Ru(bpy)3](PF6)2
Authors: Huttner Dominikus , Breu Josef 
Published: October 2004

AbstractCrystal structure prediction has been carried out for the chiral molecular ionic compound [Ru(bpy)3](PF6)2. The experimentally observed structures (enantiomerically pure and racemic, respectively) could be identified in the simulations. Furthermore, the calculations confirmed the experimental finding that this compound does not resolve spontaneously into the enantiomers upon crystallization (conglomerate crystallization).Additionally, two energetically sensible crystal structures with promising packing motifs could be identified. From an energetic point of view, these should be accessible as metastable Ostwald products.
Darstellung und Struktur von Sc3(Sc0, 31Al0, 69)O6 ‐ einem neuen Abkömmling des Mg3TeO6‐Strukturtyps
Authors: Müller Daniel , Assenmacher Wilfried , Mader Werner 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSc3(Sc0, 31Al0, 69)O6 wurde als farbloses Pulver sowohl über eine Festkörperreaktion aus den binären Oxiden und auch phasenrein über die Sol‐Gel‐Methode hergestellt. Durch die Kombination von Röntgen‐Pulverdiffraktometrie, Elektronen‐Einkristallbeugung und energiedispersiver Röntgenspektroskopie wurde die Verbindung identifiziert, die Raumgruppe bestimmt und die Kristallstruktur nach der Rietveld‐Methode verfeinert. Sc3(Sc0, 31Al0, 69)O6 (Raumgruppe $R{\bar 3}$, Nr. 148, a = 877, 45(1) pm, c = 1013, 33(1) pm, Z = 6) kristallisiert im Mg3TeO6‐Strukturtyp, wobei eine statistische Besetzung der Kationen auf den dreizähligen Lagen erstmals für diesen Strukturtyp beobachtet wird.
Erucamide
Authors: Molnar N. M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractErucamide has, to a great extent, replaced the use of oleamide because of its higher mp and higher heat resistance. These properties are desirable because of the higher operating temperatures of newer polymers. Various derivatives are discussed, such as N‐stearyl erucamide, which has a still higher mp and greater thermal stability. This type of product is used principally as a slip additive, an antiblock agent, and for paper‐coating compositions and water‐proofing. Erucamide and some of its derivatives are approved for use in polymers at low concentration levels. At these levels, the material is effective without adversely affecting other physical characteristics of the polymer. A summary of the literature is presented, including a review of some of the patents. Size of the market also is discussed.
A coulometric method for the determination of low peroxide values of fats and oils
Authors: Fiedler Ulla 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe AOCS official method for the determination of peroxide values of fats and oils has been modified to perform more precise analyses, especially in the range of extremely low values (peroxide value <1). In the newly developed method presented here, the final titrimetric step of an iodometric method has been replaced by an electrochemical technique, based upon coulometric reduction of the iodine at an electrode maintained at a controlled potential. Using this method peroxide values down to 0.06 were determined with reasonable precision. Finally, the influence of different parameters on the peroxide value obtained was investigated.
Determination of emulsion stability by microwave irradiation
Authors: Petrowski Gary E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe stability of emulsions has been determined by a microwave irradiation method. After this treatment, the surface temperature of the emulsion tends to be greatest and the temperature difference between the surface and the bottom of the emulsion smallest for the more stable emulsions. These results have been explained in terms of the nature of microwave heating and a partially destabilized emulsion.
Brief report: Psychological characteristics of less severe forms of eating disorders: an epidemiological study among 259 female adolescents
Authors: Cotrufo Paolo , Gnisci Augusto , Caputo Immacolata 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe screened a sample of 259 female students, aged 17–20 years old, by means of the Eating Disorder Inventory 2 (EDI 2) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐28). Those students identified to be at risk for an eating disorder underwent a semi‐structured interview to provide a diagnosis according to DSM‐IV criteria. We also considered the prevalence of “not full‐blown diagnosis”. We found two cases of full‐syndrome (0.77%), both bulimics, 9 partial‐syndrome bulimia nervosa (3.47%) and 1 of partial‐syndrome binge eating disorder (0.38%). Moreover, 18 (6.94%) girls met the criteria for subclinical‐syndrome, of which the majority was subclinical anorexia (5.79%). We did not find statistically relevant differences between the anorexic and the bulimic samples on the psychological characteristics measured by the EDI 2 subscales. These findings suggest the hypothesis that anorexia and bulimia could have the same psychopathological core and bulimia could be considered as a “failed” anorexia.
Cough headache: frequency, characteristics and the relationship with the characteristics of cough
Authors: Özge Cengiz , Atiş Sibel , Özge Aynur , Duce Meltem Nass , Saraçoǧlu Mehmet , Saritaş Emel 
Published: October 2004

AbstractCough headache (CH) is a relatively rare, but an important complication of cough. The aim of this cross‐sectional clinical study was to evaluate the frequency, characteristics and etiology of CH among the patients referred to our Outpatient Department with the complaint of cough, and to investigate the relationship between their cough and headache characteristics. We evaluated 96 females and 69 males, a total of 165 patients with cough. Among those, 57 patients (34.5%) had one or more cough complications and 32 patients (19.3%) were diagnosed as CH. Although it was known that most of the patients with CH had benign headache characteristics, the ratio of the symptomatic CH was not low (37.5% of the CH patients and 7% of patients with cough). Also, there was a significant correlation between the frequency of cough and the severity of headache. Logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of CH was increased 0.4‐fold, when frequency of cough increased. Age, sex, tobacco use ad the duration of cough were not found to be predictive factors for CH. Logistic regression analysis showed that the rate of cough complications increased 2.08‐fold, when the duration of cough was longer than eight weeks (p = 0.03) and 0.4‐fold when the frequency of cough increased (p = 0.02). In conclusion, CH is a relatively rare, but an important complication of cough and it commonly has an effective treatment available. Radiological work‐up was crucial in ruling out other causes of headache and to confirm that the CH was truly benign.
The service volunteer – loyalty chain: an exploratory study of charitable not‐for‐profit service organizations
Authors: Wisner Priscilla S. , Stringfellow Anne , Youngdahl William E. , Parker Lenore 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMany not‐for‐profit organizations rely on volunteers to help accomplish their service objectives. Although volunteers work alongside or in some cases replace employees in the delivery of service, incorporating volunteer labor into the service delivery system of the not‐for‐profit poses unique challenges. Understanding these challenges represents an important foundation‐building step in understanding the implications for service design and service operations when using volunteers. This paper identifies and describes service design and operational factors relevant to volunteer satisfaction in not‐for‐profit organizations. Using data collected from 288 volunteers working in 43 not‐for‐profit agencies, the study explores the elements of service delivery that impact volunteer satisfaction, and further tests the relationship between volunteer satisfaction and loyalty to the not‐for‐profit organization. Findings include that satisfied volunteers are more likely to remain for longer periods of time with the same organization, are more likely to donate financially to the not‐for‐profit, and are more likely to recommend the volunteer experience to others. Each of these outcomes helps to ensure the continued sustainability of the not‐for‐profit organization.
Judith Rich Harris: The Miss Marple of Developmental Psychology
Authors: Wesseling Elisabeth 
Published: October 2004

ArgumentThis paper contributes to inquiries into scientific personae by employing a rhetorical approach. It analyzes the persuasive strategies of Judith Rich Harris in The Nurture Assumption: Why Children Turn Out the Way They Do (1998). Rhetorical analysis of Harris' self-fashioning in this remarkable best-seller and the reactions of the press to her persona demonstrates the resilience of specific archaic cultural repertoires for constructing scientific identities. While historical studies investigate how repertoires for scientific self-fashioning evolve through time, rhetoric reveals how identity models from an earlier age may be appropriated in the present.