bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with circulation of pseudorabies virus within swine herds
Authors: Anderson Paul L. , Morrison Robert B. , Molitor Thomas W. , Thawley David G. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Data were collected from 104 Minnesota swine farms quarantined for pseudorabies virus (prv) infection. Each herd was serologically evaluated for the presence of antibodies to prv in finishing pigs. Herd management practices, swine housing design, and disease profiles were described for each farm. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine which factors were associated with circulation of prv in the finishing pigs of farrow-to-finish farms. Sixty-seven (64%) of the herds had no serologic evidence of prv circulation in the finishing section, whereas 37 herds (36%) contained at least one prv seropositive finishing pig. The odds of a given finishing herd being seropositive for prv were 2.85 times higher if the finishing pigs were housed in confinement (P = 0.01), 2 times higher if Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae was a clinical problem in the herd (P = 0.03), 1.36 times less for each year that passed since the herd quarantine was issued (P = 0.01), 1.74 times higher if clinical signs of prv were reported (P = 0.04), and 1.52 times higher if animal protein was included in at least one of the rations (P = 0.08).
Bradycardia in cattle deprived of food
Authors: McGuirk Sheila M. , Bednarski Richard M. , Clayton Murray K. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Bradycardia was documented in 12 cattle from which food had been withheld for 48 hours in preparation for general anesthesia and an elective surgical procedure. The heart rates decreased by a mean of 14 beats/min, and 4 cows had sinus arrhythmia. To evaluate this finding, the heart rates of 21 clinically normal cattle were evaluated before and after food was withheld for 48 hours. Bradycardia developed in all of the clinically normal cattle, with the mean decrease in heart rate being 23 beats/min. Five of the clinically normal cows developed sinus arrhythmia. It was concluded that bradycardia and sinus arrhythmia in cattle are associated with deprivation of food.
Use of transcolonic 99mtechnetium-pertechnetate as a screening test for portosystemic shunts in dogs
Authors: Koblik Philip D. , Komtebedde J. , Yen C-K , Hornof W. J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
99mTechnetium-pertechnetate, when administered in high concentration into the colon, is rapidly absorbed across the colonic mucosa and results in a nuclear angiogram of the portal circulation. In normal dogs, a series of dynamic lateral scintigraphic images of the abdomen resulted in sequential visualization of the portal vein, liver, and several seconds later, the heart and lungs. In contrast, studies performed in 9 dogs with surgically confirmed portosystemic shunts demonstrated a different pattern of distribution, with heart and lung activity occurring before liver activity. In several cases, the aberrant shunt vessels could be identified. Studies were easy to perform, were well tolerated, and required no computer processing for interpretation.
Efficacies of erythromycin and chloramphenicol in extinguishing fecal shedding of Campylobacter jejuni in dogs
Authors: Monfort J. Daniel , Donahoe John P. , Stills Harold F. , Bech-Nielsen Steen 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Oral treatment regimens of erythromycin stearate and chloramphenicol were evaluated in naturally infected laboratory colony dogs for their efficacies in extinguishing fecal shedding of Campylobacter jejuni. Of the 25 Campylobacter-infected English Foxhounds in the study, 9 were assigned to erythromycin treatment, 9 to chloramphenicol treatment, and 7 to no treatment. Antimicrobials were administered for 12 days. All of the dogs that received erythromycin stearate ceased shedding C jejuni by the fourth day of treatment and remained negative throughout the treatment period. Chloramphenicol was associated with a reduction in shedding from 100% to 57% by the ninth day of treatment. Within 9 days of the discontinuation of antimicrobial treatment, C jejuni was isolated from all chloramphenicol-treated dogs and 89% erythromycin-treated dogs.
Mycoplasmal mastitis in a dairy herd
Authors: Brown M. B. , Shearer J. K. , Elvinger F. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
In October 1985, mycoplasmas were isolated from bulk tank milk samples in a large Florida dairy (>1,400 lactating cows). At that time, measures to isolate and control the spread of infection were instituted. In an initial screening test, Mycoplasma bovis was isolated from 21 of 153 milking string samples (milk from all quarters of 10 cows/string). Composite quarter milk samples from all quarters of every individual lactating cow in the herd were obtained for culture in November 1985 and December 1985. In October, 88 of 1,535 (5.7%) cows were identified as Mycoplasma-positive. An additional 31 Mycoplasma-infected cows were identified in December. The dairy elected to maintain the infected cows in a separate Mycoplasma-positive subherd, which would be milked at the end of each milking session. Seven additional Mycoplasma-positive cows were identified at initiation of lactation. All newly identified infected cows were transferred to the Mycoplasma-positive subherd. After segregation of Mycoplasma-positive cows, bulk tank milk samples obtained routinely from the main herd remained culture negative throughout the study. From February 1986 to October 1986, quarter milk samples were obtained monthly from cows in the Mycoplasma-positive subherd. Any cow that developed clinical mastitis or substantial decrease in milk production was, at the discretion of the herdsman, culled. Of the 126 cows in the subherd, 22 (17.5%) were culled for mastitis, 35 (27.8%) were culled for low production, and 9 (7.1%) were culled for other reasons. Of the remaining 60 cows, 16 (12.7% of the 126 cows) were Mycoplasma-positive on the basis of results from one or more samples obtained after February 1986. Significant differences were not observed in milk production between Mycoplasma-positive cows remaining in the subherd and uninfected control cows in the main herd. Cows culled for low milk production had significantly (P < 0.001) lower milk production than did cows of other groups. Cows culled for mastitis were more frequently in second lactation (P = 0.04).
Circumocular pigmentation and incidence of ocular squamous cell tumors in Bos taurus and Bos indicus × Bos taurus cattle
Authors: Bailey Curtiss M. , Hanks Donald R. , Hanks M.A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Amount of circumocular pigmentation and incidence of ocular squamous cell tumors were evaluated in dams representing diverse cattle breed types. Each dam was examined twice annually during a specific stage in the life cycle (3.5 to 9.5 years old). Overall, 28.3% of dams in the herd developed at least 1 ocular squamous cell tumor. Breed groups differed (P < 0.01) in amount of circumocular pigmentation and incidence of tumors. Results indicate that losses from ocular squamous cell tumors in beef herds can be sharply reduced by judicious choice of breed types.
Epidemiologic study of salmonellae shedding in the feces of horses and potential risk factors for development of the infection in hospitalized horses
Authors: Traub-Dargatz Josie L. , Salman Mo D. , Jones Robert L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A study was designed to identify epidemiologic factors associated with the development and spread of salmonellae in horses in a veterinary teaching hospital, through a case-control study and a longitudinal follow-up prospective study. In the casecontrol study, 44 horses shedding salmonellae in feces were compared with 99 control horses not shedding salmonellae in feces; regarding breed, sex, age and initial diagnosis, none of the odds ratios for study factors was significant. The factors found to be associated with fecal shedding of salmonellae in the prospective study included diarrhea at the time of admission to the hospital, fever while hospitalized, and a change in diet while hospitalized. Horses identified to be shedding salmonellae in feces were not limited to those with clinical signs of salmonellosis; however, spread of salmonellae from a shedder without clinical signs of disease to other hospitalized horses was not identified. The most common serovars of Salmonella isolated were oranienburg and newport.
Drug therapy in cats: A therapeutic category approach
Authors: Boothe Dawn Merton 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The third article of this 4-part series discusses drug therapy in cats by therapeutic category. Specifically, the use of drugs to control infections, pain, fever, inflammation, cancer, and selected parasites is described. In addition, the use of hormonally related drugs and selected miscellaneous drugs in cats is addressed. Drugs emphasized are those for which use in cats is frequently associated with adverse reactions or drugs for which use is limited to illnesses that tend to be unique in cats.
Clinical, pathologic, and microbiologic findings of foot abscess in neonatal pigs
Authors: Gardner Ian A. , Hird David W. , Sullivan Nadine M. , Pierce Robert J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A longitudinal study was undertaken in a swine herd with an ever-present problem of foot abscess in suckling pigs reared on a woven-wire floor. Of 3,322 4-day-old pigs, 199 (6%) developed abscess lesions involving claws and accessory digits before weaning. Lesions were first detected in 4-day-old pigs; median and mean ages at onset were 10 and 11.3 days, respectively. At first detection, most pigs had only a single claw affected, but 39 pigs had at least 2 claws with abscesses. Hind limbs had more affected claws (140) than forelimbs (96). In the hind limbs, medial claws were most likely to have lesions, whereas the reverse was true for the forelimbs. Gross and microscopic examinations of affected claws indicated necrotic pododermatitis, with severe osteomyelitis, arthritis, and tenosynovitis. Bacteria isolated from foot abscess lesions included Actinomyces pyogenes, Staphylococcus spp, β-hemolytic Streptococcus spp, Actinobacillus spp, Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium spp, Bacteroides spp, and Peptostreptococcus spp.
Impedance cardiography by use of a spot-electrode array to track changes in cardiac output in anesthetized dogs
Authors: Kiesler T.W. , Voorhees W.D. , Wessale J.L. , Pham C.K. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Transthoracic impedance cardiography is a noninvasive method to determine changes in cardiac output on the basis of the cardiac-induced impedance change measured across the thorax. In this report, we describe a new, easily applied, tetrapolar spot-electrode configuration for use in canine transthoracic impedance cardiography. The array is a convenient alternative to use of the traditional circumferential band-electrode array which, in the dog, is prohibitive because of the extensive skin preparation required. The spot-electrode array was used to compare changes in cardiac output measured by transthoracic impedance cardiography, with changes measured by a reference indicator-dilution technique.
A spot-electrode array, composed of 4 standard ECG electrodes, was used to measure transthoracic impedance in 10 anesthetized dogs. Variations in cardiac output were produced by controlled hemorrhage (200- to 250-ml increments). Simultaneous reference measurements of cardiac output were made before hemorrhage (control) and at each level of hemorrhage, using the saline-dilution method. The beat-by-beat impedance changes were measured by use of a Minnesota impedance cardiograph, which also recorded the first derivative of impedance (dZ/dt). An index of cardiac output was defined as the product of the maximal value of the first time derivative of impedance, ejection time, and heart rate for each beat during inscription of a saline-dilution curve. The average of the beat-bybeat indices was calculated and then normalized relative to the initial control value. Linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation of the index of cardiac output with the reference cardiac output. The slope and correlation coefficient for the pooled data were 0.90 and 0.92, respectively. These results indicate that changes in cardiac output can be tracked reliably in anesthetized dogs by transthoracic impedance cardiography by use of a convenient spotelectrode configuration.
Serodiagnosis of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis in selected groups of horses in Minnesota
Authors: Olchowy Timothy W.J. , Ames Trevor R. , Molitor Thomas W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Antibody titer to Ehrlichia risticii was determined, in 2,549 equine serum samples, using an indirect fluorescent antibody assay. During 1986, samples were obtained from the Minnesota State-Federal Equine Infectious Anemia Diagnostic Laboratory, the Minnesota Racing Laboratory, from horses admitted to the University of Minnesota Veterinary Teaching Hospital, and as a result of field investigations of horses with acute diarrhea. Results of the study revealed antibody prevalence of 33, 24, 47, and 25% for the respective groups. There was no statistical association between seropositive status and age, sex, breed, or clinical problem of horses referred to the teaching hospital. There was an increase in the total percentage of seropositive samples over the duration of the sample collection period, suggesting a seasonal exposure pattern, and E risticii was associated with clinical and subclinical infections in horses of Minnesota.
Generalized motor seizures after portosystemic shunt ligation in dogs: Five cases (1981-1988)
Authors: Matushek K. J. , Bjorling Dale , Mathews Karol 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Severe generalized motor seizures developed in 5 dogs between 13 hours and 3 days after surgical attenuation of a single extrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Three dogs died, and a fourth was euthanatized because of poor prognosis for recovery. The fifth dog, although improved, was still not clinicall ynormal 15 months after surgery. An intra-orextracranial cause for the seizures could not be identified in any of these dogs. Postmortem examination results in 3 dogs were similar to findings previously reported in dogs with portosystemic shunts, but which did not undergo surgical shunt ligation. Of the 5 dogs, 4 were >18 months old, which may indicate that older dogs are more likely to develop seizures after shunt ligation than are younger dogs.
Tick parasitism and antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in cats
Authors: Magnarelli Louis A. , Anderson John F. , Levine Harvey R. , Levy Steven A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Ticks were removed from naturally infested cats, and serum samples from these cats were tested for antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi. Twenty-two of 93 cats (23.7%) had one or more motile stages of Ixodes dammini attached. Of 2 larvae and 20 nymphs removed from cats, 1 larva and 2 nymphs were infected with B burgdorferi. Spirochetes were not found in tissues of 13 female and 4 male ticks. Ten of 71 serum samples analyzed by indirect fluorescent antibody staining or elisa contained antibodies to this spirochete. Maximal antibody titers were 1:256 and 1:2,560, respectively. At titers ≥1:160 in elisa, seropositivity ranged from 8.8% (n = 34 sera tested from 34 cats) in May through July to 33.3% (n = l2 cats tested) during February through April. In clinical studies of 30 cats, there were nearly equal percentages of seropositive cats with limb or joint disorders not accompanied by fever, anorexia, or fatigue (5 of 21 cats) and cats with these signs of illness but lacking lameness (2 of 9 cats.)
Plasma cortisol response to ketoconazole administration in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Feldman Edward C. , Bruyette David S. , Nelson Richard W. , Farver Thomas B. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The effect of orally administered ketoconazole on plasma cortisol concentration in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism was evaluated. Every 30 minutes from 0800 hours through 1600 hours and again at 1800 hours, 2000 hours, and 0800 hours the following morning, 15 clinically normal dogs and 49 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism had plasma samples obtained and analyzed for cortisol concentration. The mean (± sd) plasma cortisol concentration for the initial 8-hour testing period was highest in 18 dogs with adrenocortical tumor (5.3 ±1.6 µg/dl), lowest in 15 control dogs (1.3 ± 0.5 µg/dl), and intermediate in 31 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (pdh; 3.4 ± 1.2 µg/dl). Results in each of the 2 groups of dogs with hyperadrenocorticism were significantly (P < 0.05) different from results in control dogs, but not from each other. The same cortisol secretory experiment was performed, using 8 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (5 with pdh; 3 with adrenocortical tumor) before and after administration at 0800 hours of 15 mg of ketoconazole/kg of body weight. Significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the 8-hour mean plasma cortisol concentration (0.9 ± 0.2 µg/dl) was observed, with return to baseline plasma cortisol concentration 24 hours later.
Twenty dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (11 with pdh, 9 with adrenocortical tumor) were treated with ketoconazole at a dosage of 15 mg/kg given every 12 hours for a half month to 12 months. The disease in 2 dogs with pdh failed to respond to treatment, but 18 dogs had complete resolution of clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism and significant (P < 0.05) reduction in plasma cortisol responsiveness to exogenous adrenocorticotropin (acth). The healthy control dogs had a mean baseline plasma cortisol concentration of 1.4 ± 0.4 µg/dl and a post-acth cortisol concentration of 10.6 ± 3.1 µg/dl. Before ketoconazole administration, all 11 dogs with pdh had a mean baseline plasma cortisol concentration of 4.4 ± l.9 µg/dl and a post-acth cortisol concentration of 33.6 ± 17.6 µg/dl. The 9 dogs with adrenocortical tumor had a mean baseline plasma cortisol concentration of 4.4 ± 1.3 µg/dl and post-acth cortisol concentration of 28.1 ± 14.1 µg/dl. After 5 days of ketoconazole administration, the post-acth plasma cortisol concentration for dogs with pdh or adrenocortical tumor was 4.0 ± 5.4 µg/dl and 6.0 ± 3.3 µg/dl, respectively. Similar responses were observed after 60, 180, and 360 days of ketoconazole treatment.
Fecal proteolytic activity in clinically normal cats and in a cat with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
Authors: Williams David A. , Reed Scott D. , Perry Lindall 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Fecal proteolytic activity determined in single samples collected on each of 3 consecutive days from each of 20 clinically normal cats ranged from 19 to 363 azocasein units (acu)/g of feces when determined colorimetrically, using azocasein substrate, and ranged from undetectable (in 1 sample from 1 cat) to 21 mm of gel-clearing when determined using radial enzyme diffusion in agar gels containing a casein substrate. Corresponding mean 3-day values for each cat ranged from 29 to 207 acu/g and from 5 to 16 mm, respectively. Studies of proteolytic activity remaining after treatment of fecal extracts with a specific trypsin inhibitor indicated that trypsin accounted for 0 to 77% of proteolytic activity. In a cat with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, fecal proteolytic activity was 0, 0, and 3 acu/g in a sample of feces collected from each of 3 consecutive days and was undetectable by use of radial enzyme diffusion. Assay of fecal proteolytic activity by use of either azocasein hydrolysis or radial enzyme diffusion allows evaluation of pancreatic function in cats, provided that several samples of feces are tested.
Effect of chewing rawhide and cereal biscuit on removal of dental calculus in dogs
Authors: Lage Arthur , Lausen Niels , Tracy Ronald , Allred Elizabeth 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The effect of chewing rawhide and cereal biscuit on removal of dental calculus was studied in 67 dogs. Two methods were used to measure supragingival calculus and calculus removal as a function of time and acceptability. Trial 1 used a quantitative method based on actual measurement of the area of calculus on a tooth, and trial 2 used a quantitative method based on an arbitrary grading system to establish a supragingival calculus index. Analysis was performed, using 2-factor (trial 1) and a 3-factor (trial 2) analysis of variance.
Results indicated that dogs removed calculus from their teeth by chewing rawhide; some teeth were cleaned better than others. The optimal amount or frequency of rawhide treatment was not necessarily determined.
It was determined that regular consumption of up to 3 rawhide strips/d for 3 weeks was safe. Processed biscuits were sometimes effective in removing calculus from dog's teeth; however, biscuits were not as effective as the rawhide in removing supragingival calculus.
Treatment of glaucoma by use of transscleral neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser cyclocoagulation in dogs
Authors: Nasisse Mark P. , Davidson Michael G. , English Robert V. , Jamieson Vivian , Harling David E. , Tate Lloyd P. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:yag) laser energy was transsclerally applied to the ciliary body of 56 eyes of 37 dogs for treatment of glaucoma. Forty-four eyes were glaucomatous at the time of treatment, and 12 normotensive eyes with ciliary cleft closure were treated prophylactically. Glaucoma was primary in 35 dogs and secondary in 2 dogs (1 eye in each dog). Energy was delivered by a general surgical Nd:yag laser via a hand-held, 600-µc-diameter flexible quartz fiber. The mean (±sd) number of spots treated per eye was 35 (±9.7), with mean energy per burst of 7.1 (±2.6) J; mean total energy delivered to the eyes was 228 (±81) J.
Follow-up evaluation was available for 42 eyes from 2 to 4 weeks after treatment, and for 32 eyes from 12 to 24 weeks after treatment. Treatment success, defined as maintenance of intraocular pressure <25 mm of Hg, was achieved in 83% (20/24) of glaucomatous eyes evaluated between 12 and 24 weeks of treatment. Of 4 treatment failures, 3 were eyes devoid of uveal pigment. The consistent acute effects of treatment were conjunctival vascular congestion and blood-aqueous barrier disruption, recognized clinically by the presence of aqueous flare. Hyphema developed in 16% (9/56) of eyes; hyphema resolved without complication in all but 2 eyes. A common long-term complication of treatment was cataract formation, recognized in 37% (12/32) of eyes evaluated at 12 to 24 weeks. Cataracts were sufficiently dense to obstruct vision in 4 eyes. Phthisis bulbi was observed in 1 eye. Results of this study indicate that Nd:yag laser cyclocoagulation is an effective means of controlling intraocular pressure in dogs with glaucoma. Cataract formation is a potential complication of treatment.
Effect of Campylobacter spp–induced enteritis on growth rate and feed efficiency in pigs
Authors: Straw Barbara E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Diarrhea caused by Campylobacter spp-induced enteritis was observed in pigs that were part of a pneumonia study. Growth rate, feed conversion, and daily health status had been recorded for each pig in the trial. Because diarrhea was the only clinical sign of disease that developed in the control group of pigs, and no other diseases were detected in these pigs at slaughter, it was possible to examine the effect of diarrhea on growth rate and feed efficiency. During the course of the study, 6 of the 16 control pigs had severe diarrhea, 2 were moderately affected, and another 8 were slightly affected or remained clinically normal. Compared with the mean values for each pig, feed intake and daily weight gain were reduced in the week preceding the appearance of clinical disease, but not during the time when diarrhea was observed. Overall performance of pigs with severe diarrhea was not different from that of pigs that were not affected.