bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing Multicultural Education in Early Childhood: A Case Study of Abdullah School, Aligarh, India
Authors: Muqowim  , Munastiwi Erni 
Published: January 2025

Purpose – This study examines the implementation of multicultural education in early childhood settings in India, with a particular focus on Abdullah School in Aligarh, which serves a culturally and religiously diverse student body. It aims to address gaps in existing research by exploring how multicultural values are conceptualized and implemented, and their impact on students during early childhood, a critical developmental phase.
Methods/Design/Approach – This qualitative case study utilized classroom observations, semi-structured interviews with school staff, and document analysis. The sample included the school’s principal, teachers, and students. Thematic analysis was employed to examine multicultural education practices, categorizing data into school policies and classroom activities that promote multicultural values.
Findings – The study found that Abdullah School's approach to multicultural education is deeply rooted in principles of inclusivity, respect for diversity, and gender equality. The school integrates these values through tailored curricula for students of different religious backgrounds and promotes cooperation and tolerance through extracurricular activities. While effective, challenges related to infrastructure and societal biases were noted.
Originality/Value – This study provides a rare analysis of multicultural education in early childhood settings in India, offering insights into the effectiveness of implementing multicultural values at a formative age. It highlights the unique socio-cultural context of India and offers practical models for fostering inclusivity and social harmony in diverse societies.
Practical Implications – The findings suggest that schools with diverse populations can adopt dual-track curricula and extracurricular activities that emphasize respect for diversity. Policymakers should focus on providing infrastructure support and resources to sustain effective multicultural education.
Keywords Multicultural education, early childhood, inclusivity, India, diversity
Paper type Research paper
Peran Masyarakat dalam Membentuk Akhlak Mahmudah dan Karakter Sosial Anak Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Anjani Naela , Hamidah Lailatul , Qolbi A. Nasywa Fairuzah , Firdausy Nazwa Khilmi , Musthofa M. Bahri 
Published: January 2025

This research aims to determine the role of the community in forming easy morals and the social character of children who attend elementary school Jemurwonosari 1. This study looks at how community leaders and community efforts are involved in forming easy morals and supporting and inhibiting factors. This descriptive qualitative research uses data collection techniques through interviews and field observations. The problem studied is the role of society in shaping the easy morals and social character of elementary school children from the supporting and inhibiting factors of community activities in forming the easy morals and social character of children in the Jemurwonosari sub-district. This research shows how the local community participates in monitoring children’s behaviour and social character. The form of supervision is in the form of instaling CCTV in several hauses in the surrounding complex, holding regular, studies every weekend which aims to increase knowledge about religion by bringing in ulama figures from outside and collaborating with the school, especially the homeroom teacher so that they can monitor children’s activites while at school. the focus of this research emphasises that society as participants supports the formation of children’s Morals and social character.
Nutritional Quality of « Tchonron », a Cultural Sauce Made from Adenia cissampeloïdes and Hibiscus asper Leaves Cooked with and without Potash
Authors: Diallo Djénéba Baba Tapily , Koné Fankroma Martial Thierry , Djédjé Blétro Patrick Gérard , Don Ohouo Régina Antoinette , Kouamé Lucien Patrice 
Published: January 2025

Leafy vegetables are an essential component of food and health security in many African countries. The Senoufo people of northern Côte d'Ivoire are well known for their high consumption of leafy vegetables, especially in « Tchonron » sauce, a traditional and cultural food prized by the Senoufo for its nutritional and therapeutic value. Unfortunately, it remains little known and little consumed by the Ivorian population. Although databases on the composition of raw foods (leafy vegetables) are available, data on cooked foods in Côte d'Ivoire are still lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional potential of « Tchonron » sauce prepared from Adenia cissampeloïdes (STAC) and Hibiscus asper (STHA) leaves. To prepare the « Tchonron » sauce, the leafy vegetables were pre-cooked for 20 min with or without potash and then ground. Peanut powder was then added to the crushed leaves and cooked for 10 min. The resulting sauces were dried and the powders obtained were used for analysis according to standard dietary recommendations. The results showed an increase in ash content from STHA (10.64 ± 1.25%) to STHAP (12.32 ± 1.39%) and STAC (15.70 ± 0.20%) to STACP (16.67 ± 1.02%), in fiber STHA (32.66 ± 1.29%) to STHAP (41.58 ± 1.41%) and STAC (29.85 ± 1.6%) to STACP (38.53 ± 1.62%) and in minerals in sauces prepared with potash. The content of other nutrients decreased, especially vitamin C STHA (33.51 ± 0.8%) to STHAP (17.29 ± 1.08%) and STAC (38.53%) to STACP (29.85%), unsaturated STHA (1047.03 ± 0.65%) and STHAP (898.53 ± 4.5%) and STAC (221.76 ± 4.5) to STACP (168.61 ± 0.7%). In addition, all samples had a SAIN score > 5 and a LIM score < 7.5, which is a recommended profile for health. These results showed that « Tchonron » sauce is an important source of nutrients. However, cooking « Tchonron » sauce with potash resulted in more nutrient losses than cooking without potash. An increase in the LIM score of sauces cooked with potash was also observed, so these potash-based sauces should be limited. On the other hand, sauces based on H. asper showed the best nutritional profiles.
US County–Level Variation in Preterm Birth Rates, 2007-2019
Authors: Khan Sadiya S. , Vaughan Adam S. , Harrington Katharine , Seegmiller Laura , Huang Xiaoning , Pool Lindsay R. , Davis Matthew M. , Allen Norrina B. , Capewell Simon , O’Flaherty Martin , Miller Gregory E. , Mehran Roxana , Vogel Birgit , Kershaw Kiarri N. , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Grobman William A. 
Published: December 2023

ImportancePreterm birth is a leading cause of preventable neonatal morbidity and mortality. Preterm birth rates at the national level may mask important geographic variation in rates and trends at the county level.ObjectiveTo estimate age-standardized preterm birth rates by US county from 2007 to 2019.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis serial cross-sectional study used data from the National Center for Health Statistics composed of all live births in the US between 2007 and 2019. Data analyses were performed between March 22, 2022, and September 29, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAge-standardized preterm birth (&amp;lt;37 weeks’ gestation) and secondarily early preterm birth (&amp;lt;34 weeks’ gestation) rates by county and year calculated with a validated small area estimation model (hierarchical bayesian spatiotemporal model) and percent change in preterm birth rates using log-linear regression models.ResultsBetween 2007 and 2019, there were 51 044 482 live births in 2383 counties. In 2007, the national age-standardized preterm birth rate was 12.6 (95% CI, 12.6-12.7) per 100 live births. Preterm birth rates varied significantly among counties, with an absolute difference between the 90th and 10th percentile counties of 6.4 (95% CI, 6.2-6.7). The gap between the highest and lowest counties for preterm births was 20.7 per 100 live births in 2007. Several counties in the Southeast consistently had the highest preterm birth rates compared with counties in California and New England, which had the lowest preterm birth rates. Although there was no statistically significant change in preterm birth rates between 2007 and 2019 at the national level (percent change, −5.0%; 95% CI, −10.7% to 0.9%), increases occurred in 15.4% (95% CI, 14.1%-16.9%) of counties. The absolute and relative geographic inequalities were similar across all maternal age groups. Higher quartile of the Social Vulnerability Index was associated with higher preterm birth rates (quartile 4 vs quartile 1 risk ratio, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.31-1.36), which persisted across the study period. Similar patterns were observed for early preterm birth rates.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this serial cross-sectional study of county-level preterm and early preterm birth rates, substantial geographic disparities were observed, which were associated with place-based social disadvantage. Stability in aggregated rates of preterm birth at the national level masked increases in nearly 1 in 6 counties between 2007 and 2019.
Technical specifications of dose management systems: An international atomic energy agency survey
Authors: Tsalafoutas Ioannis A. , Arlany Laurentcia , Titovich Egor , Pynda Yaroslav , Ruggeri Ricardo , Sánchez Roberto Mariano , Reiser Ingrid , Tsapaki Virginia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeDose management systems (DMS) have been introduced in radiological services to facilitate patient radiation dose management and optimization in medical imaging. The purpose of this study was to gather as much information as possible on the technical characteristics of DMS currently available, regarding features that may be considered essential for simply ensuring regulatory compliance or desirable to fully utilize the potential role of DMS in optimization of many aspects of radiological examinations.MethodsA technical survey was carried out and all DMS developers currently available (both commercial and open source) were contacted and were asked to participate. An extensive questionnaire was prepared and uploaded in the IAEA International Research Integration System (IRIS) online platform which was used for data collection process. Most of the questions (93%) required a “Yes/No” answer, to facilitate an objective analysis of the survey results. Some free text questions and comments’ slots were also included, to allow participants to give additional information and clarifications where necessary. Depending on the answer, they were considered either as “Yes” or “No.”ResultsGiven the way that the questions were posed, every positive response indicated that a feature was offered. Thus, the percentage of positive responses was used as a measure of adherence. The percentages of positive answers per section (and sub‐section) are presented in graphs and limitations of this type of analysis are discussed in detail.ConclusionsThe results of this survey clearly exhibit that large differences exist between the various DMS developers. Consequently, potential end users of a DMS should carefully determine which of the features available are essential for their needs, prioritize desirable features, but also consider their infrastructure, the level of support required and the budget available before selecting a DMS.
Anti–Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4 Autoantibodies and Disease Duration as Predictors of Treatment Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Cappelli Laura C. , Hines David , Wang Hong , Bingham Clifton O. , Darrah Erika 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundGiven that autoantibodies to peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) are associated with erosive disease in established rheumatoid arthritis (RA), this study was conducted to compare the clinical and prognostic use of anti‐PAD4 antibodies in patients with early and established RA.MethodsSera from patients with early (duration <2 years; n = 422) or established (duration ≥2 years; n = 359) RA from two randomized clinical trials of tofacitinib ± methotrexate compared with adalimumab + MTX or MTX alone were evaluated for the presence of anti‐PAD4 and anti‐PAD3/4 antibodies at baseline and posttreatment time points. Summary statistics were calculated for demographic, clinical, and serological characteristics, and generalized estimating equations were used to model clinical outcomes by disease duration according to anti‐PAD4 status.ResultsAnti‐PAD4 antibodies were present in 22% and 40% of patients with early and established RA, respectively, stable following treatment, and associated with baseline joint damage only in established RA. In early RA, baseline anti‐PAD4 antibodies were associated with a greater improvement in disease activity score 28‐joint count using C‐reactive protein levels after treatment compared with individuals with negative anti‐PAD4 (P = 0.049). Tofacitinib ± MTX was more broadly efficacious than MTX alone at improving clinical outcomes in early and established RA, irrespective of anti‐PAD4 status (P < 0.05 for all), whereas adalimumab + MTX exhibited differential benefits in achieving disease activity score remission in early RA (P = 0.036) and American College of Rheumatology 20 responses in established RA (P = 0.002).ConclusionDifferences in prevalence, clinical associations, and treatment‐response outcomes according to anti‐PAD4 antibody status in early and established RA suggests the existence of a therapeutic window to prevent the accumulation of irreversible joint damage in early patients with RA with anti‐PAD4 antibodies.
The use of adaptive multiple models for predefined exponential stability of control systems of uncertain discrete‐time nonlinear objects
Authors: Zhang Yanqi , Wang Xin , Wang Zhenlei 
Published: December 2023

SummaryIn this work, an adaptive multiple model pre‐assigned exponential convergence control scheme based on the time varying exponential function is demonstrated for a class of discrete‐time nonlinear systems. For coping with the noncausality problem from previous adaptive backstepping design method of nonlinear discrete‐time systems, a first‐order recursive filter is used in controller design procedures and the n‐step prediction model is not needed, thereby reducing the computational burden effectively. The time varying function is employed to force all states variables to convergence to zero with a pre‐defined rate which does not rely on the initial conditions of systems. In addition, the multiple model set is constructed to address unknown parameters problem and further the second level adaptive algorithm of unknown parameters is developed. A characteristic feature of the second‐level multi‐model adaptation algorithm is that it dynamically adapts to time changes in the identified model (it uses identification information better than the switching multiple model control). In a unified framework of second level adaption, a first‐order recursive filter and backstepping technique, a pre‐assigned exponential convergence controller is presented. Finally, the results about discrete‐time pre‐assigned exponential convergence method are compared with other methods using two case studies.
Spintronic Quantum Phase Transition in a Graphene/Pb0.24Sn0.76Te Heterostructure with Giant Rashba Spin‐Orbit Coupling
Authors: DeMell Jennifer E. , Naumov Ivan , Stephen Gregory M. , Blumenschein Nicholas A. , Sun Y.‐J. Leo , Fedorko Adrian , Robinson Jeremy T. , Campbell Paul M. , Taylor Patrick J. , Heiman Don , Dev Pratibha , Hanbicki Aubrey T. , Friedman Adam L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMechanical stacking of two dissimilar materials often has surprising consequences for heterostructure behavior. In particular, a 2D electron gas (2DEG) is formed in the heterostructure of the topological crystalline insulator Pb0.24Sn0.76Te and graphene due to contact of a polar with a nonpolar surface and the resulting changes in electronic structure needed to avoid polar catastrophe. The spintronic properties of this heterostructure with non‐local spin valve devices are studied. This study observes spin‐momentum locking at lower temperatures that transitions to regular spin channel transport only at ≈40 K. Hanle spin precession measurements show a spin relaxation time as high as 2.18 ns. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the spin‐momentum locking is due to a giant Rashba effect in the material and that the phase transition is a Lifshitz transition. The theoretically predicted Lifshitz transition is further evident in the phase transition‐like behavior in the Landé g‐factor and spin relaxation time.
Bulk‐Phase Grain Boundaries Regulation Enables Highly Reversible Zn Anodes for Rechargeable Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Hong , Yang Lizhuang , Wang Haozhi , Cui Bingfeng , Wang Jingxian , Han Xiaopeng , Hu Wenbin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDendrites and side reactions of Zn anodes severely restrict the application of aqueous Zn‐based batteries for grid‐scale energy storage. While surface/interface modification strategies have shown some progress in improving Zn anode reversibility, they still fall short in addressing the overall regulation and intrinsic mechanisms from the bulk‐phase perspective. Herein, a bulk‐phase composite Zn/CNTs anodes fabricated by a powder‐metallurgy‐based strategy is introduced. Benefiting from the regulation of grain boundary engineering on local electric conductivity, electric field distributions, and Zn atom absorption energy, the Zn/CNTs anodes effectively suppress dendrite growth and enhance corrosion resistance during Zn stripping/plating cycles. Symmetrical cells equipped with Zn/CNT4 anodes exhibit extended cycling stability with minimal voltage hysteresis (only 22 mV). Furthermore, the full cells incorporating Zn/CNT4 with commercial MnO2 demonstrate superior rate performance and specific capacitance retention after 500 h cycling. This breakthrough opens up new avenues for optimizing metallic anodes at the bulk phase level using powder metallurgy, enabling scalable manufacturing processes, and providing valuable insights for various metal anode systems.
Elimination of Senescent Osteocytes by Bone‐Targeting Delivery of β‐Galactose‐Modified Maytansinoid Prevents Age‐Related Bone Loss
Authors: He Yi , Zhang Lei , Chen Xiang , Liu Bin , Shao Xiaoyan , Fang Depeng , Lin Jiaquan , Liu Na , Lou Yabing , Qin Jianghui , Jiang Qing , Guo Baosheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe accumulation of senescent cells in bone during aging contributes to senile osteoporosis, and clearance of senescent cells by senolytics could effectively alleviate bone loss. However, the applications of senolytics are limited due to their potential toxicities. Herein, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been modified by incorporating bone‐targeting peptide, specifically (AspSerSer)6, to encapsulate galactose‐modified Maytansinoids (DM1). These modified vesicles are referred to as (AspSerSer)6‐sEVs/DM1‐Gal, and they have been designed to specifically clear the senescent osteocytes in bone tissue. In addition, the elevated activity of lysosomal β‐galactosidase in senescent osteocytes, but not normal cells in bone tissue, could break down DM1‐Gal to release free DM1 for selective elimination of senescent osteocytes. Mechanically, DM1 could disrupt tubulin polymerization, subsequently inducing senescent osteocytes apoptosis. Further, administration of bone‐targeting senolytics to aged mice could alleviate aged‐related bone loss without non‐obvious toxicity. Overall, this bone‐targeting senolytics could act as a novel candidate for specific clearance of senescent osteocytes, ameliorating age‐related bone loss, with a promising therapeutic potential for senile osteoporosis.
Multi‐Enzyme‐Based Superabsorbent Hydrogel for Self‐Enhanced NIR‐II Photothermal‐Catalytic Antibacterial Therapy
Authors: Ren Xiaofeng , Wang Xiaozhe , Yang Jie , Zhang Xiaoyu , Du Baojie , Bai Peirong , Li Liping , Zhang Ruiping 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe synergistic strategy of nanozyme‐based catalytic therapy and photothermal therapy holds great potential for combating bacterial infection. However, challenges such as single and limited enzyme catalytic property, unfavorable catalytic environment, ineffective interaction between nanozymes and bacteria, unsafe laser irradiation ranges, and failed trauma fluid management impede their antibacterial capability and wound healing speed. Herein, for the first time, a PNMn hydrogel is fabricated with multi‐enzyme activities and excellent near‐infrared (NIR)‐II photothermal performance for self‐enhanced NIR‐II photothermal‐catalytic capabilities to efficiently eradicate bacteria. This hydrogel triggers parallel and cascade reactions to generate •OH, •O2−, and 1O2 radicals from H2O2 and O2 without external energy input. Notably, it provides a suitable catalytic environment while capturing bacteria (≈30.1% of Escherichia coli and ≈29.3% of Staphylococcus aureus) to reinforce antibacterial activity. Furthermore, the PNMn hydrogel expedites skin wound healing by managing excess fluid (swelling rate up to ≈7299%). The PNMn hydrogel possesses remarkable stretching, elasticity, toughness, and adhesive characteristics under any shape of the wound, thus making it suitable for wound dressing. Therefore, the PNMn hydrogel has great potential to be employed as a next‐generation wound dressing in the clinical context, providing a non‐antibiotic strategy to improve the antibacterial performance and promote wound healing.
Thermal Disorder‐Induced Strain and Carrier Localization Activate Reverse Halide Segregation
Authors: Mussakhanuly Nursultan , Soufiani Arman Mahboubi , Bernardi Stefano , Gan Jianing , Bhattacharyya Saroj Kumar , Chin Robert Lee , Muhammad Hanif , Dubajic Milos , Gentle Angus , Chen Weijian , Zhang Meng , Nielsen Michael P. , Huang Shujuan , Asbury John , Widmer‐Cooper Asaph , Yun Jae Sung , Hao Xiaojing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe reversal of halide ions is studied under various conditions. However, the underlying mechanism of heat‐induced reversal remains unclear. This work finds that dynamic disorder‐induced localization of self‐trapped polarons and thermal disorder‐induced strain (TDIS) can be co‐acting drivers of reverse segregation. Localization of polarons results in an order of magnitude decrease in excess carrier density (polaron population), causing a reduced impact of the light‐induced strain (LIS – responsible for segregation) on the perovskite framework. Meanwhile, exposing the lattice to TDIS exceeding the LIS can eliminate the photoexcitation‐induced strain gradient, as thermal fluctuations of the lattice can mask the LIS strain. Under continuous 0.1 W cm⁻2 illumination (upon segregation), the strain disorder is estimated to be 0.14%, while at 80 °C under dark conditions, the strain is 0.23%. However, in situ heating of the segregated film to 80 °C under continuous illumination (upon reversal) increases the total strain disorder to 0.25%, where TDIS is likely to have a dominant contribution. Therefore, the contribution of entropy to the system's free energy is likely to dominate, respectively. Various temperature‐dependent in situ measurements and simulations further support the results. These findings highlight the importance of strain homogenization for designing stable perovskites under real‐world operating conditions.