bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural convection heat transfer in the open space between two horizontal circular planes with different temperatures
Authors: Tokanai Hideki , Kuriyama Masafumi , Harada Eiji , Konno Hirotaka 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA vertical cylinder maintained at room temperature is located right above a horizontal circular heated plane to constitute a narrow air space between the plane and the cylinder bottom surface. Natural convection heat transfer in the space is experimentally investigated.Average heat transfer coefficients of the heated plane are presented with the variation of space distance and Rayleigh number, and are compared with the predictions of the correlation equations which have been proposed for the space between two infinite parallel plates.Visualized flow patterns above the heated plane are also shown. The relation between the flow pattern and the heat transfer coefficient is discussed to clarify the mechanism of heat transfer in the narrow space. As a result, a heat transfer correlation is proposed, which is applicable over a wide range of space distances. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(6): 521–531, 2001
The Pharmacokinetics of the THC in fat and brain: Resulting functional responses to marihuana smoking: G. Nahas, Volume 16 Issue 3, April 2001, pages 247–255.
Authors: Nahas G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 16 (3) 2001, 247–255.
Reproduction of temporal scaling by a rectangular pulses rainfall model
Authors: Olsson Jonas , Burlando Paolo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe presence of scaling statistical properties in temporal rainfall has been well established in many empirical investigations during the latest decade. These properties have more and more come to be regarded as a fundamental feature of the rainfall process. How to best use the scaling properties for applied modelling remains to be assessed, however, particularly in the case of continuous rainfall time‐series. One therefore is forced to use conventional time‐series modelling, e.g. based on point process theory, which does not explicitly take scaling into account. In light of this, there is a need to investigate the degree to which point‐process models are able to ‘unintentionally’ reproduce the empirical scaling properties. In the present study, four 25‐year series of 20‐min rainfall intensities observed in Arno River basin, Italy, were investigated. A Neyman–Scott rectangular pulses (NSRP) model was fitted to these series, so enabling the generation of synthetic time‐series suitable for investigation. A multifractal scaling behaviour was found to characterize the raw data within a range of time‐scales between approximately 20 min and 1 week. The main features of this behaviour were surprisingly well reproduced in the simulated data, although some differences were observed, particularly at small scales below the typical duration of a rain cell. This suggests the possibility of a combined use of the NSRP model and a scaling approach, in order to extend the NSRP range of applicability for simulation purposes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TCL‐1, MTCP‐1 and TML‐1 gene expression profile in non‐leukemic clonal proliferations associated with ataxia‐telangiectasia
Authors: Chun Helen H. , Castellví‐Bel Sergi , Wang Zhijun , Nagourney Robert A. , Plaeger Susan , Becker‐Catania Sara G. , Naeim Faramarz , Sparkes Robert S. , Gatti Richard A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe analyzed the role of 4 genes, TCL‐1, MTCP‐1, TML‐1 and ATM, in the early pathogenesis of T cell leukemia, with particular interest in the characteristics of long‐standing non‐leukemic clonal proliferations in ataxia‐telangiectasia (A‐T) patients. Five patients were studied: 4 patients had A‐T (2 of whom had non‐leukemic clonal proliferations [ATCP]), 1 had B cell lymphoma and 1 had T‐ALL; a fifth patient with T‐PLL did not have A‐T. We measured the levels of expression for TCL‐1, MTCP‐1 and TML‐1. TCL‐1, not expressed in unstimulated mature T cells, was upregulated in the peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of the 2 A‐T patients with ATCP. It was also expressed in the malignant cells of the A‐T patient with B cell lymphoma and the T‐PLL cells of the patient without A‐T. In the same cells, MTCP‐1 type A was expressed equally in all 5 patients, as well as in the controls; MTCP‐1 type B transcripts were not observed. TML‐1, also not expressed in unstimulated T cells, was expressed in the PBL of one A‐T patient with ATCP and in the leukemic cells of the non‐A‐T T‐PLL patient. These expression patterns were compared to cellular immunophenotypes. The non‐leukemic clonal T cell populations had the characteristics of immature T cells. We conclude that TCL‐1 and TML‐1 play a role in cell proliferation and survival but are not pivotal genes in the progression to malignancy, even when the ATM gene is mutated. Additional genetic alterations must occur to initiate tumorigenesis. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
N‐3 and N‐6 fatty acids in breast adipose tissue and relative risk of breast cancer in a case‐control study in Tours, France
Authors: Maillard Virginie , Bougnoux Philippe , Ferrari Pietro , Jourdan Marie‐Lise , Pinault Michelle , Lavillonnière Flore , Body Gilles , Le Floch Olivier , Chajès Véronique 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExperimental studies have indicated that n‐3 fatty acids, including alpha‐linolenic acid (18:3 n‐3) and long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit mammary tumor growth and metastasis. Earlier epidemiological studies have given inconclusive results about a potential protective effect of dietary n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on breast cancer risk, possibly because of methodological issues inherent to nutritional epidemiology. To evaluate the hypothesis that n‐3 fatty acids protect against breast cancer, we examined the fatty acid composition in adipose tissue from 241 patients with invasive, nonmetastatic breast carcinoma and from 88 patients with benign breast disease, in a case‐control study in Tours, central France. Fatty acid composition in breast adipose tissue was used as a qualitative biomarker of past dietary intake of fatty acids. Biopsies of adipose tissue were obtained at the time of surgery. Individual fatty acids were measured as a percentage of total fatty acids, using capillary gas chromatography. Unconditional logistic regression modeling was used to obtain odds ratio estimates while adjusting for age, height, menopausal status and body mass index. We found inverse associations between breast cancer‐risk and n‐3 fatty acid levels in breast adipose tissue. Women in the highest tertile of alpha‐linolenic acid (18:3 n‐3) had an odds ratio of 0.39 (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 0.19–0.78) compared to women in the lowest tertile (trendp= 0.01). In a similar way, women in the highest tertile of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n‐3) had an odds ratio of 0.31 (95% CI = 0.13‐0.75) compared to women in the lowest tertile (trendp= 0.016). Women in the highest tertile of the long‐chain n‐3/total n‐6 ratio had an odds ratio of 0.33 (95% confidence interval = 0.17–0.66) compared to women in the lowest tertile (trendp= 0.0002). In conclusion, our data based on fatty acids levels in breast adipose tissue suggest a protective effect of n‐3 fatty acids on breast cancer risk and support the hypothesis that the balance between n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids plays a role in breast cancer. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serologic response to human oncogenic papillomavirus types 16, 18, 31, 33, 39, 58 and 59 virus‐like particles in colombian women with invasive cervical cancer
Authors: Combita Alba‐Lucia , Bravo Maria‐Mercedes , Touzé Antoine , Orozco Oscar , Coursaget Pierre 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe serologic response against virus‐like particles (VLP) from 7 high risk genital papillomaviruses was investigated by ELISA in 147 Colombian women with invasive cervical cancer and 147 age‐matched cytologically normal and HPV‐DNA negative women. Anti‐VLP antibodies were detected in 82% of the invasive cervical cancer patients and in 56% of the controls. Detection of antibodies against multiple HPV types is the rule and the presence of high antibody titers was associated with higher survival of cancer patients. Higher anti‐VLP seroprevalence was observed in younger cancer patients. In those followed serologically for 1 year, antibodies generally remained at the same level. However, in some patients an increase or decrease in antibody levels occurred simultaneously for multiple HPV types, suggesting cross‐reactivity between the HPV types investigated. Investigation of seroreactivity between 8 high risk HPVs suggested that there is some cross‐reactivity between phylogeneticaly‐related types such as 16, 31, 33 and 58; and 18, 45 and 59. In conclusion, our results confirmed (i) the high rate of HPV infections in Colombia, both in patients with cervical cancer and in the general population, and the particularly high rate of infections due to HPV 31 and 58; and (ii) the validity of anti‐VLPs as a marker of present or past HPV infection. The simultaneous appearance or disappearance of antibodies against multiple HPV VLPs suggests that the antibodies detected by ELISA are not always type specific. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurotrophin receptor p75NTR suppresses growth and nerve growth factor‐mediated metastasis of human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Krygier Scott , Djakiew Daniel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe loss of tumor‐ and/or metastasis‐suppressor gene function contributes to the transformation of human prostate epithelial cells to a malignant pathology. Such a putative tumor‐suppressor and metastasis‐suppressor gene(s) has been mapped to the region of 17q21, which coincidentally is in the vicinity of the human gene locus for the neurotrophin receptor p75NTR. The p75NTR is expressed in normal human prostate epithelial cells and exhibits an inverse association of p75NTR expression with the malignant progression of the prostate, consistent with a pathologic role of the p75NTR as a putative tumor and metastasis suppressor. Utilizing stable transfectants of the TSU‐pr1 and PC‐3 human prostate tumor cell lines that exhibit a rank order (dose‐dependent) increase in p75NTR protein expression, we investigated the effects of the p75NTR in combination with its predominant ligand, nerve growth factor (NGF), on tumor cell growth. A rank order (dose‐dependent) increase in p75NTR expression was found to suppress the growth of prostate tumors in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Treatment of these tumors with NGF stimulated both proliferation as indicated by PCNA expression and apoptosis as indicated by TUNEL assay, the net result of which was no change in the overall growth of the tumors. However, NGF was found to increase the formation of satellite tumors, both contiguous and noncontiguous with respect to the primary tumor mass, indicating dose‐dependent induction of metastasis. Significantly, the formation of satellite tumors was suppressed by the expression of p75NTR. This suggests that p75NTR is a tumor suppressor of growth and a metastasis suppressor of NGF‐stimulated migration of human prostate tumor cells. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A breast cancer screening programme operating in a liberal health care system: The Luxembourg Mammography Programme, 1992–1997
Authors: Autier Philippe , Shannoun Ferid , Scharpantgen Astrid , Lux Christiane , Back Carlo , Severi Gianluca , Steil Simone , Hansen‐Koenig Danielle 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe national breast cancer screening programme in Luxembourg, the Mammography Programme (MP), was launched in 1992. Its primary goal was to set up an organised breast cancer screening with biennial invitation‐reinvitation of women 50–64 years, 2‐view mammography, technical quality assurance, double‐reading procedures and close monitoring of performance. In 1994, the decision was taken by health authorities to only reimburse screening mammograms done within the MP. We evaluated the performance of 3 screening rounds that took place in 1992–1997. In 1992, 4,815 women had opportunistic screening and 4,790 attended the MP. In 1997, 861 women had opportunistic screening and 8,603 attended the MP. In 1997, the participation rate in the MP reached 50%. The referral rate in the MP was 10% for initial screening and 5% for subsequent screening. Echographic examinations accounted for 71% of referrals. Per 1,000 screened women, biopsy and cancer rates were 18.0 and 8.0 for initial screening and 10.3 and 5.8 for subsequent screening. Twenty‐one percent of the breast cancers diagnosed in screened women were interval cancers. The age‐adjusted proportion of tumours >20 mm was 56.1% before 1992, 45.1% for women not (yet) screened by the MP, 27.0% for interval cancers, 26.6% for initial screening and 12.0% for subsequent screenings. Tumour size distribution was similar to that observed in the Dutch Breast Cancer Screening Programme, 1990–1993, except that in the latter programme, no difference was observed between initial and subsequent screening. The Luxembourg experience shows that in a liberal health care system, a policy of organising the screening process by reimbursing only those mammograms done within the context of the organised screening programme can drastically reduce opportunistic screening. Further efforts in the Mammography Programme will aim at increasing participation and look at ways to decrease referrals to echography. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interphase FISH assays for the detection of translocations with breakpoints in immunoglobulin light chain loci
Authors: Martín‐Subero José I. , Harder Lana , Gesk Stefan , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Grote Werner , Martinez‐Climent José A. , Dyer Martin J.S. , Novo Francisco J. , Calasanz María J. , Siebert Reiner 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMany B‐cell malignancies bear chromosomal translocations juxtaposing immunoglobulin (IG) genes with oncogenes, resulting in deregulated expression of the latter. Translocations affecting the IG heavy chain (IGH) locus in chromosomal region 14q32 are most prevalent. However, variant translocations involving the IG kappa (IGK) locus in 2p12 or the IG lambda (IGL) locus in 22q11 occur recurrently in B‐cell neoplasias. No routine methods for the detection of all breakpoints involving IG light chain loci independently of the translocation partner have been described. For this reason, we have designed 2 novel interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays using differentially labeled probes flanking the IGK and IGL locus, respectively. Based on extensive control studies, the diagnostic thresholds for the detection of breakpoints were set at 0.3% for IGK and 1.4% for IGL. Fifteen cases of B‐cell malignancies with cytogenetically detectable chromosomal abnormalities in 2p11‐14 were investigated with the FISH assay for IGK. Breakpoints affecting the IGK locus were detected in 7 cases including all 4 variant Burkitt's translocations t(2;8)(p12;q24) and a variant BCL2‐associated translocation t(2;18)(p12;q21). Other translocation partners were chromosome bands 7q21 and 16q24. Ten cases with abnormalities in 22q11‐12 were investigated with the FISH assay for IGL. Breakpoints in the IGL locus were diagnosed in 7 cases including both variant Burkitt's translocations t(8;22)(q24;q11) and a t(3;22)(q27;q11) involving the BCL6 locus. Other translocation partners were 2p13‐14, 4q13 and 16p12. Our results show that these FISH assays provide flexible, simple and reliable tools in the diagnosis and characterization of genetic changes in B‐cell malignancies. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incidence and mortality of testicular and prostatic cancers in relation to world dietary practices
Authors: Ganmaa Davaasambuu , Li Xiang‐Ming , Wang Jing , Qin Li‐Qiang , Wang Pei‐Yu , Sato Akio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe incidence and mortality rates of testicular and prostatic cancers in 42 countries were correlated with the dietary practices in these countries using the cancer rates (1988–92) provided by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the food supply data (1961–90) provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Among the food items we examined, cheese was most closely correlated with the incidence of testicular cancer at ages 20–39, followed by animal fats and milk. The correlation coefficient (r) was highest (r = 0.804) when calculated for cheese consumed during the period 1961–65 (maternal or prepubertal consumption). Stepwise‐multiple‐regression analysis revealed that milk + cheese (1961–65) made a significant contribution to the incidence of testicular cancer (standardized regression coefficient [R] = 0.654). Concerning prostatic cancer, milk (1961–90) was most closely correlated (r = 0.711) with its incidence, followed by meat and coffee. Stepwise‐multiple‐regression analysis identified milk + cheese as a factor contributing to the incidence of prostatic cancer (R = 0.525). The food that was most closely correlated with the mortality rate of prostatic cancer was milk (r = 0.766), followed by coffee, cheese and animal fats. Stepwise‐multiple‐regression analysis revealed that milk + cheese was a factor contributing to mortality from prostatic cancer (R = 0.580). The results of our study suggest a role of milk and dairy products in the development and growth of testicular and prostatic cancers. The close correlation between cheese and testicular cancer and between milk and prostatic cancer suggests that further mechanistic studies should be undertaken concerning the development of male genital organ cancers. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anti‐viral cytotoxic T cells inhibit the growth of cancer cells with antibody targeted hla class I/peptide complexes in scid mice
Authors: Savage Philip , Cowburn Pam , Clayton Aled , Man Stephen , Lawson Tom , Ogg Graham , Lemoine Nick , McMichael Andrew , Epenetos Agamemnon 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA number of experimental antibody mediated cancer therapies aim to redirect cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) of non‐tumour specificity to cancer cells. It has been previously demonstrated that cancer cells targeted with recombinant HLA‐class I/viral peptide complexes via antibody delivery systems can be killed by virus specific CTLs. This novel therapeutic system has been developed with a simple pre‐clinical model using the recombinant anti‐CD20 B9E9 scFvSA fusion protein to target HLA–A2/peptide complexes to CD20 +ve Daudi lymphoma cells. In vitro data confirmed that, although binding of the B9E9 scFvSA fusion protein alone to Daudi cells had no effect on their growth, effective CTL mediated killing of Daudi cells could be achieved by targeting with B9E9 sfvScSA and recombinant HLA‐A2/MI complexes at dilutions as low as 100 pg/ml. In contrast the free HLA‐A2/MI complexes only significantly inhibited CTL activity at concentrations in excess of 100 ng/ml. The in vivo tumour protection assays in SCID mice demonstrated that only 1 of the 4 mice that received anti‐HLA‐A2/M1 CTLs and Daudi cells targeted with the B9E9 scFvSA fusion protein and HLA‐A2/M1 complexes developed a tumour. In contrast in the control mice that received CTL and native Daudi cells all 4 developed tumours, as did all 4 that received targeted Daudi cells but no CTLs. Similar results were obtained in a parallel experiment using Daudi cells targeted with B9E9 scFvSA and HLA‐A2/BMLF1 complexes and a CTL line to HLA‐A2/BMLF1. The demonstration of in vivo activity for targeted HLA class I/peptide complexes combined with anti‐viral T cells, supports the further clinical development of the system where it may be combined with autologous CTLs produced by vaccination or ex vivo expansion. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Urokinase receptor‐associated protein (UPARAP) is expressed in connection with malignant as well as benign lesions of the human breast and occurs in specific populations of stromal cells
Authors: Nielsen Boye Schnack , Rank Fritz , Engelholm Lars H. , Holm Arne , Danø Keld , Behrendt Niels 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA) and the uPA receptor (uPAR) are key components in the plasminogen activation system, serving to promote specific events of extracellular matrix degradation in connection with tissue remodeling and cancer invasion. We recently described a new uPAR‐associated protein (uPARAP), an internalization receptor that interacts with the pro‐uPA:uPAR complex. In our study, we generated a specific polyclonal peptide antibody against human uPARAP and used it for the localization of uPARAP in different breast lesions. The affinity‐purified antibodies specifically recognized uPARAP in Western blotting and gave a strong signal in immunohistochemistry. The immunohistochemic localization pattern was found to be identical to that of uPARAP mRNA as determined in parallel by in situ hybridization. uPARAP expression was then studied in both benign and malignant breast lesions. Whereas the normal breast tissue was uPARAP‐negative, all benign lesions and ductal carcinoma in situ lesions showed immunoreactivity in fibroblast‐like cells and myoepithelial cells associated with the lesion. In invasive carcinoma, uPARAP immunoreactivity was limited to tumor‐associated mesenchymal cells. Double immunofluorescence analysis of invasive ductal carcinoma using antibodies against specific cell markers showed that uPARAP was localized in myofibroblasts and macrophages. No malignant cells, no endothelial cells and no vascular smooth muscle cells showed uPARAP immunoreactivity. We conclude that expression of uPARAP is associated with the abnormal breast and that expression appears in myofibroblasts, macrophages and myoepithelium. We suggest that uPARAP is involved in the clearance of the uPA:uPAR complex as well as other possible ligands during benign and malignant tissue remodeling. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Testing mouse mammary tumor virus superantigen as adjuvant in cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte responses against a melanoma tumor antigen
Authors: Wirth Susanne , Bille Frédéric , Koenig Sylvain , Wehrli Nathalie , Miconnet Isabelle , Lévy Frédéric , Diggelmann Heidi , Romero Pedro , Acha‐Orbea Hans 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCytotoxic T cells represent a powerful strategy for antitumor treatment. Depending on the route of injection, an important role for CD4 T cell–mediated help was observed in the induction of this response. For this reason, we investigated whether induction of a CTL response to the HLA‐A2–restricted immunodominant peptide melanoma antigen Melan‐A was improved by using rVVs expressing the CTL‐defined epitope alone or in combination with an SAg. In the latter case, the few infected dendritic cells simultaneously presented an SAg and an antigen, i.e., peptide. Here, we show that the anti‐Melan‐A response was efficiently induced but not significantly improved by coexpression of the SAg. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.