bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the separation of food dyes by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Jager Alessandra Vincenzi , Tonin Fernando Gustavo , Tavares Marina Franco Maggi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this work, the separation of eleven food dyes was evaluated by MEKC in electrolytes composed of tetraborate (TBS), Brij 35, and acetonitrile (ACN) using a factorial design at the following levels: TBS concentration (5 and 10 mmol L–1), pH (9.5 and 10.1), Brij concentration (5 and 20 mmol L–1), and ACN (5 and 15%). Several response functions were evaluated and indicated 10 mmol L–1 TBS (pH 10.1), 15% ACN, and 20 mmol L–1 Brij 35 as best values. However, baseline resolution was not achieved (Rcp = 0.76) and the method lacked robustness. New conditions were sought by studying the dye mobility versus Brij concentration (5–20 mmol L–1). A set of well resolved and more uniformly spaced peaks was obtained with an electrolyte consisting of 7.5 mmol L–1 TBS (pH 10.1), 10 mmol L–1 Brij, and 15% ACN. Under these new conditions, complete resolution of the 11 dyes was achieved in less than 9 min. Migration time and peak area repeatabilities were better than 1.6% and 5% CV and the LODs were 0.47 to 2.3 μg mL–1. The methodology was applied to fruit juice powders, lollipops, and other hard and soft chewable treats.
Oxidative stability and phenolic content of virgin olive oil: An analytical approach by traditional and high resolution techniques
Authors: Gallina‐Toschi Tullia , Cerretani Lorenzo , Bendini Alessandra , Bonoli‐Carbognin Matteo , Lercker Giovanni 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe characteristic resistance to oxidation of virgin olive oil is related to its unique fatty acid composition in addition to several minor components that have antioxidant properties. Among the latter, phenols are the most important. Several factors can influence the chemical or enzymatic oxidative processes that extend or shorten the shelf‐life of olive oil. Furthermore, the amount of phenolic compounds extracted during production is fundamental for the oxidative and nutritional quality of the oil. In fact, it is well known that different steps used for preparation of virgin olive oil may determine differences in the quantities of phenol. At present, various analytical methods are available to analyze the hydrophilic components, including spectrophotometric assays (traditional) and high resolution chromatographic techniques (HRGC, HPLC, HPCE). In this review we summarize these different methodologies and demonstrate that the amount of phenolic compounds in virgin olive oil as determined by both traditional and high resolution techniques can be influenced by different factors including the olive cultivar and degree of ripeness, as well as by production and extraction technologies.
Capillary electrophoresis in food authenticity
Authors: Kvasnička František 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFood authenticity is a term which simply refers to whether the food purchased by the consumer matches its description. False description can occur in many forms, from the undeclared addition of water or other cheaper materials, or the wrong declaration of the amount of a particular ingredient in the product, to making false statements about the source of ingredients i.e., their geographic, plant, or animal origin. The aim of this review is to summarize applications of capillary electrophoresis in food authentication.
Determination of organic acids in wine by zone electrophoresis on a chip with conductivity detection
Authors: Masár Marián , Poliaková Katarína , Danková Mariana , Kaniansky Dušan , Stanislawski Bernd 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAn appropriate combination of separation mechanisms (simultaneous use of differences in pK values, host‐guest complexations, and the ionic strength dependences of the actual ionic mobilities) provided zone electrophoresis (ZE) resolution of 22 organic and inorganic acids expected in wines on a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) chip with integrated conductivity detection. These separating conditions offered a framework for the ZE determination of organic acids responsible for some important organoleptic characteristics of wines (tartrate, malate, succinate, acetate, citrate, and lactate). The ZE procedure developed in this context is simple and rapid (ca. 10 minutes’ analysis time), while affording reproducible migration and quantitation data for the acids. For example, 0.8–2.0% RSD values characterized the migration times of the acids for 25 repeated ZE runs with the same sample carried out in 5 days in the background electrolyte solution prepared freshly on a daily basis, while 3–5% RSD values were typical for the accompanying peak area data. The concentration ranges within which the acids of analytical interest could be determined in one ZE run covered all wine samples included in our study (100–400‐fold sample dilutions were needed to work under the conditions corresponding to the validities of the calibration data). 90–110% recoveries of the acids as obtained repeatedly for one of the reference wine samples used in our experiments indicate a good predisposition of the present method to provide accurate analytical results. This statement also supports the results from the determination of the acids in reference wine samples with claimed concentrations of malic (five samples), tartaric (one sample), and lactic (one sample) acids.
Analysis of methoxypyrazines in wine using headspace solid phase microextraction with isotope dilution and comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography
Authors: Ryan Danielle , Watkins Peter , Smith Jason , Allen Malcolm , Marriott Philip 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis study reports an optimized headspace‐solid phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) method for the determination of methoxypyrazines in wine. Analysis was performed by using comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography with novel detection capabilities, including nitrogen phosphorus detection (GC×GC‐NPD) and time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC‐TOFMS). In the latter, stable isotope dilution was performed for the quantitation of 2‐methoxy‐3‐(2‐methylpropyl) pyrazine (IBMP), using labelled 2‐(2H3)methoxy‐3‐(2‐methylpropyl)pyrazine (d3‐IBMP) as the internal standard, and resolution of the two analogues was facilitated using the deconvolution capabilities of the TOFMS. This research represents the first report of HS‐SPME with isotope dilution and GC×GC‐TOFMS (GC×GC‐IDTOFMS). Analysis by GC×GC‐NPD enabled detection limits of 0.5 ng/L for the quantitation of IBMP, which was superior to that obtained using GC×GC‐IDTOFMS (1.95 ng/L). Nevertheless, both methods were adequately sensitive for real wine analysis, yielding highly comparable IBMP concentrations of 26.1 and 27.8 ng/L, respectively, from a Sauvignon blanc wine. The complexity of the real wine headspace was simplified as a result of selective detection using GC×GC‐NPD and, in the case of GC×GC‐IDTOFMS, the use of extracted ion chromatograms (EICs).
Rapid Dissolution of Cellulose in LiOH/Urea and NaOH/Urea Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Cai Jie , Zhang Lina 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: Rapid dissolution of cellulose in LiOH/urea and NaOH/urea aqueous solutions was studied systematically. The dissolution behavior and solubility of cellulose were evaluated by using 13C NMR, optical microscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), FT‐IR spectroscopy, DSC, and viscometry. The experiment results revealed that cellulose having viscosity‐average molecular weight ($\overline M _\eta $) of 11.4 × 104 and 37.2 × 104 could be dissolved, respectively, in 7% NaOH/12% urea and 4.2% LiOH/12% urea aqueous solutions pre‐cooled to −10 °C within 2 min, whereas all of them could not be dissolved in KOH/urea aqueous solution. The dissolution power of the solvent systems was in the order of LiOH/urea > NaOH/urea ≫ KOH/urea aqueous solution. The results from DSC and 13C NMR indicated that LiOH/urea and NaOH/urea aqueous solutions as non‐derivatizing solvents broke the intra‐ and inter‐molecular hydrogen bonding of cellulose and prevented the approach toward each other of the cellulose molecules, leading to the good dispersion of cellulose to form an actual solution.13C NMR chemical shifts of carbonyl carbon for urea in LiOH (a) and NaOH (b) of the cellulose solutions.magnified image13C NMR chemical shifts of carbonyl carbon for urea in LiOH (a) and NaOH (b) of the cellulose solutions.
A Simulation and Experimental Study of the Hydrodynamics of a Bubbling Fluidized Bed of Linear Low Density Polyethylene Using Bubble Properties and Pressure Fluctuations
Authors: Chandrasekaran Blake K. , van der Lee Loni , Hulme Ian , Kantzas Apostolos 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: The purpose of this work is to use power spectral analysis of pressure fluctuations in conjunction with bubble properties obtained from an advanced experimental technique to validate the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of an air/polyethylene fluidized bed. The current Eulerian models based on the kinetic theory of granular flow have been studied extensively for systems that have ideal characteristics for the solid phase. However, the models need to be investigated for particles such as polyethylene that do not have ideal characteristics with respect to shape, size distribution and elastic character from a simulation standpoint. Unlike previous works, which mostly use average bubble properties for validation, this work utilizes both pressure fluctuations and bubble properties of a high temporal and spatial resolution for the validation process. Results have indicated that significant work is required to adapt the solid phase model in the MFIX (Multiphase Flow with Interphase eXchange) CFD code for particles such as polyethylene.
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Clinical characteristics in early Parkinson's disease in a central California population‐based study
Authors: Kang Gail A. , Bronstein Jeff M. , Masterman Donna L. , Redelings Matthew , Crum Jarrod A. , Ritz Beate 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThere is considerable variation in the phenotypic appearance of individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), which may translate into differences in disease progression in addition to underlying disease etiology. In this publication, we report on the demographic and clinical characteristics of 162 individuals diagnosed with clinically probable PD from January 1998 to June 2003 who resided in predominantly rural communities in central California. The majority of the subjects were Caucasian, male, and between 60 and 79 years of age. The akinetic–rigid and tremor‐dominant subtypes were more common than the mixed subtype. The majority of subjects displayed motor signs of rigidity (92.0%), bradykinesia (95.7%), and gait problems (87.0%), whereas less than half (43.3%) of the subjects displayed a tremor. Three fourths of patients received a Hoehn and Yahr Scale score of Stage 2 or higher. One third of the patients were treated with levodopa, and patients under 60 years of age were more likely to be treated with dopamine agonists. Within 3 years after first diagnosis, 13% of subjects showed some signs of depression and 17% of subjects met criteria for mild dementia. Among our subjects, 17.3% reported a family history of PD in first‐ or second‐degree relatives,15.4% a family history of essential tremor, and 14.2% of Alzheimer's disease. This study represents the most extensive phenotypic description of rural U.S. residents in the initial stages of PD who were recruited in a population‐based manner; future follow‐up may provide valuable information regarding the prognostic indication of these symptoms/signs and improve our understanding of the underlying etiology of PD. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Task‐dependent modulation of silent period duration in focal hand dystonia
Authors: Stinear Cathy M. , Byblow Winston D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFocal hand dystonia (FHD) is a movement disorder that is also associated with impaired sensory function and sensorimotor integration. The aim of this study was to assess the modulation of inhibitory function in the motor cortex during the performance of four motor tasks (isometric pinch grip, writing, texture discrimination, and a phasic control task) in 8 FHD and 8 control subjects. The affected hands of the FHD subjects and the dominant hands of the control subjects were tested. Inhibitory function was assessed using transcranial magnetic stimulation to evoke a silent period in the ongoing electromyographic activity of the target muscle (first dorsal interosseous). There was no difference between FHD subjects and control subjects in silent period duration, which was significantly longer during the phasic texture discrimination and phasic control task than during the isometric pinch or writing. This finding suggests that the phasic nature of the task may increase cortical inhibitory function, rather than the sensory discrimination task itself. The accuracy of texture discrimination was significantly lower in FHD subjects than in control subjects. Sensory discrimination tasks do not appear to directly modulate the inhibitory processes responsible for the duration of the silent period. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Antidepressant studies in Parkinson's disease: A review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Weintraub Daniel , Morales Knashawn H. , Moberg Paul J. , Bilker Warren B. , Balderston Catherine , Duda John E. , Katz Ira R. , Stern Matthew B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine effect sizes for both antidepressant treatment and placebo for depression in Parkinson's disease (PD), and to compare the findings with those reported in elderly depressed patients without PD. Recent reviews have concluded that there is little empiric evidence to support the use of antidepressants in PD; however, available data has not been analyzed to determine the effect size for antidepressant treatment in PD depression. A literature review identified antidepressant studies in PD. Suitable studies were analyzed using meta‐analytic techniques, and effect sizes were compared with those from antidepressant studies in elderly patients without PD. Large effect sizes were found for both active treatment and placebo in PD, but there was no difference between the two groups. In contrast, active treatment was superior to placebo in depressed elderly patients without PD. In PD, increasing age and a diagnosis of major depression were associated with better treatment response. Results also suggest that newer antidepressants are well tolerated in PD. Despite the high prevalence of depression and antidepressant use in PD, controlled treatment research has been almost nonexistent. Meta‐analysis results suggest a large but nonspecific effect for depression treatment in PD. In addition, PD patients may benefit less from antidepressant treatment, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, than do elderly patients without PD. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Parkinsonism and nigrostriatal dysfunction are associated with spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6)
Authors: Khan Naheed L. , Giunti Paola , Sweeney Mary G. , Scherfler Christoph , Brien Michael O. , Piccini Paola , Wood Nicholas W. , Lees Andrew J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSCA6 is a slowly progressive, late‐onset cerebellar ataxia due to a trinucleotide expansion in the CACNA1A gene. We describe two unrelated cases that presented with Parkinsonism and cerebellar ataxia. One case was L‐dopa–responsive with a pattern of 18F‐dopa uptake similar to Parkinson's disease, and the second case was not L‐dopa–responsive and had an atypical pattern of nigrostriatal dysfunction. We suggest that SCA6, in common with SCA2 and SCA3, may be associated with Parkinsonism attributable to nigral loss and dopaminergic dysfunction. Moreover, isolated cases may be confused with multiple system atrophy. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Interaction between blood lead concentration and δ‐amino‐levulinic acid dehydratase gene polymorphisms increases the odds of essential tremor
Authors: Louis Elan D. , Applegate LaKeisha , Graziano Joseph H. , Parides Michael , Slavkovich Vesna , Bhat Hari K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBlood lead (BPb) concentrations are elevated in essential tremor (ET) cases. The δ‐amino‐levulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) gene codes for ALAD, the principal enzyme involved in lead kinetics. Carriers of the ALAD‐2 allele may be more susceptible to lead toxicity. The objective of this study was to test, using a case‐control design, whether an interaction between BPb concentration and ALAD allele status increases the odds of ET. Mean log BPb concentration was significantly higher in 63 cases than 101 controls (0.47 ± 0.26 vs. 0.35 ± 0.25 μg/dl). Eighteen (28.6%) cases vs. 17 (16.8%) controls had an ALAD‐2 allele (OR = 1.98; 95% CI = 0.93–4.21). In an adjusted logistic regression analysis, the interaction term (ALAD allele status × log BPb concentration) was associated with increased odds for ET. In stratified analyses, log BPb concentration was not associated with odds of ET in individuals with two ALAD‐1 alleles (OR = 2.69; 95% CI = 0.61–11.82), but in individuals with an ALAD‐2 allele, BPb concentration was significantly associated with odds of ET (OR = 80.29; 95% CI = 3.08–2,096.36). There was an interaction between BPb concentration and ALAD allele status; the odds of ET were greatly elevated in individuals with both an ALAD‐2 allele and an elevated BPb concentration. The presence of increased circulating BPb concentrations along with a greater potential for lead toxicity (ALAD‐2 allele) could result in greater cerebellar damage, thereby increasing the risk of developing tremor. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Three brothers with a very‐late‐onset writer's cramp
Authors: Bhidayasiri Roongroj , Jen Joanna C. , Baloh Robert W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWriter's cramp (WC) is a form of focal task‐specific dystonia, which is brought on by writing. Although most cases are sporadic, a positive family history is present in 5% to 20% of cases. To date, WC has been reported in several families with primary torsion dystonia, including DYT7, a pure focal dystonia, and in the mixed dystonias, DYT1, DYT6, and DYT13. We describe a family of Bulgarian descent with three brothers presenting with a very‐late‐onset dystonic WC, compatible with linkage to chromosome 18p. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Normalization of voice in spasmodic dysphonia during transient global amnesia
Authors: Kishore Asha , Lang Anthony E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe report on the case of a 69‐year‐old woman with Parkinson's disease and long‐standing history of spasmodic dysphonia that reversed during an episode of transient global amnesia (TGA). To our knowledge, this phenomenon has not been reported before. We suggest possible mechanisms by which the pathophysiology of dystonia could reverse during TGA. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Heat‐related morbidity in patients with orthostatic hypotension and primary autonomic failure
Authors: Pathak Atul , Lapeyre‐Mestre Maryse , Montastruc Jean‐Louis , Senard Jean‐Michel 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe investigated the effects of high‐external‐temperature exposure on neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (OH). Thirty‐one patients with autonomic failure (AF) and pharmacologically treated OH related to probable multiple‐system atrophy (n = 7), Parkinson's disease (n = 10), pure autonomic failure (n = 7), and diffuse Lewy body disease (n = 7) and 26 parkinsonians without AF were included. Prevalence and severity of clinical events were studied during the August 2003 heat wave and the 2004 summer. The prevalence of OH‐related events was significantly higher in 2003 [45.1 vs. 11.5%; P = 0.0052; OR = 6.31 (1.35–33.53)] and 2004 [42.3 vs. 12.0%; P = 0.014; OR = 5.40 (1.28–22.68)] in AF than in controls. The mean severity score for clinical events was significantly higher in AF than in controls during 2003 heat wave (1.2 ± 1.4 vs. 0.2 ± 0.5) but similar in summer 2004 (0.7 ± 1.0 vs. 0.1 ± 0.3). Severe events (unusual home care, assistance, or hospitalization) were only observed in AF patients. A nonstatistically significant higher prevalence of clinical events was observed in AF patients prescribed fludrocortisone (66.7%) by comparison to heptaminol (42.9%), midodrine (45.5%), or midodrine plus fludrocortisone (28.6%). This study shows that AF patients have a poor clinical outcome when exposed to high temperatures and that heat exposure is a risk factor for OH worsening. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Experimental verification of the possible range of linearization using a parallel diode
Authors: Yu Chi Sun , Mok Ka Tsun , Chan Wing Shing , Li Chung Wai 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLinearization of a BJT using a diode configured in parallel with the input reduces 2nd‐order distortion. Using a simple behavioral model cannot explain why this reduces IMD3. The experimental work presented in this paper will verify the mechanism involved and the possible range for reducing IMD3by reducing the 2nd‐order effects. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 193–195, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20942
Novel 3D Hilbert microstrip resonators
Authors: Crnojevic‐Bengin Vesna , Budimir Djuradj 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRecently, planar microstrip resonators employing 2D Hilbert curves were introduced, outperforming existing solutions. However, very little attention has been paid to multilayer resonators with embedded 3D curves. In this paper, four novel 3D resonators are compared using full‐wave EM simulations. It is shown that the 3D Hilbert resonator outperforms all others, achieving very high values of the unloaded quality factor. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 195–197, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20943
Novel dual‐broadband rectangular‐slot antenna for 2.4/5‐GHz wireless communication
Authors: Hsiao Hai‐Ming , Wu Jeun‐Wen , Wang Yau‐Der , Lu Jui‐Han , Chang Shun‐Hsyung 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA novel design of rectangular slot‐antenna with dual‐broadband operation for 2.4/5‐GHz wireless local area networks (WLANs) is proposed. With the use of two rectangular strips inset along the center line of the rectangular‐slot antenna, a new resonant mode close to the second operating mode of the regular rectangular slot antenna is excited to enhance the operating bandwidth of the higher band. And, the obtained impedance bandwidths for two operating bands can reach about 11% for the 2.4‐GHz band and 24.8% for the 5‐GHz band and cover the required bandwidths of IEEE 802.11b/g (2.4–2.484 GHz) and IEEE 802.11a (5.150–5.950 GHz). Details of the antenna design and the experimental results are presented and discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 197–201, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20944