bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of MS2 (M = Mo or W) substrates on electronic properties under electric fields in germanene-based field-effect transistors
Authors: Xiao M X , Lin H Y , Liu H , Song H Y , Wang S D , Xiao B B 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Germanene has attracted significant attention due to its novel electronic properties and strong spin-coupling effect. However, the tiny band gap of the germanene dramatically limits its application in field-effect transistors (FETs). Inspired by the utilization of the substrates and electric fields to adjust the band gaps of two-dimensional materials, we investigated the fundamental mechanism of electric fields on the atomic structures and electronic properties of germanene supported by MS2 (M = Mo or W) substrates through first-principles calculation. The results show that the substrates can induce a symmetry breaking in the germanene sublattice via van der Waals interaction, leading to a sizable band gap at the Dirac point. In addition, the band gaps of the germanene/MS2 heterostructures can be effectively modulated by applying an external electric field. Under suitable electric fields, the considerable band gap values of CMo germanene/MoS2 and TGeL-W germanene/WS2 configurations can open the maximum band gaps with 263 and 247 meV, which satisfy the requirements of FETs at room temperature. Meanwhile, the evolutions of charge transfers under electric fields were explored to illustrate how electric fields and substrates promote the electronic properties of germanene. More interestingly, a Schottky–Ohmic transition can occur when a specific electric field is imposed on the germanene/MS2 heterostructures. Note that the hole and electron carrier mobilities of germanene/MS2 heterostructures are still significantly preserved, showing some superior electronic performances than some heterostructures. The results provide a critical theoretical guide for improving the electronic properties of germanene, and demonstrate the designed germanene/MS2 heterostructures with the tunable band gaps and higher carrier mobilities as germanene-based FETs.
Microplasma characteristics of direct-current atmospheric pressure glow discharge in dependence of gap distance and discharge current
Authors: Li Yimeng , Chang Zezhou , Xia Linghan , Guo Hongyan , Cheng Yonghong , Meng Guodong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Microplasma at atmospheric pressure has been widely used in many fields due to the lower power consumption, higher plasma density, as well as better uniformity and stability. In this work, the microplasma characteristics of direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge, including discharge morphology and electrical properties have been investigated with various interelectrode gaps (10–600 μm) and discharge currents (1–6 mA), and simultaneously, a finite element simulation has been conducted to obtain the distribution of the electric field and particle density. The evolution of cathode layer, anode layer and Faraday dark space at this scale was captured with a higher spatial resolution (∼1 μm) for the first time, demonstrating that the cathode layer, especially the cathode sheath rather than the positive column, plays a dominant role in the transition of the microplasma. As the gap shrinks to a size less than cathode layer (∼40 μm), the cathode sheath with a high electric field is compressed, leading to a rapid decrease of the discharge voltage. The discharge voltage remains basically unchanged regardless of the discharge current, because the electric field in the cathode sheath is limited by the accumulated space charge. The experimental results are well verified and explained by the simulation results. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the glow discharge mechanism at microscale, and of the stability of glow discharge at atmospheric pressure, and benefits to future research on the atmospheric pressure large-area microplasma and its related application.
Influence of hyperon–hyperon interaction on the properties of neutron stars
Authors: Aguirre R M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The properties of neutron stars are studied in a composite model of the strong interaction. In the regime of low to medium baryonic densities a covariant hadronic model is adopted which includes an exclusive channel for the hyperon–hyperon interaction mediated by hidden strangeness mesons, which in turn couple to other mesons through polynomial vertices. The new coupling constants are subject to phenomenological constraints. The presence of free quarks in the core of the star is considered by using the Nambu–Jona Lasinio model supplemented with a vector interaction. The deconfinement process is described by a continuous coexistence of phases. Several structure parameters of neutron stars, such as mass-radius relation, moment of inertia, tidal deformability, and the propagation of nonradial f and g-modes within the relativistic Cowling approximation are studied. The predictions of the model are in good agreement with recent observational data, in particular the maximum inertial mass is greater than the observational lower limit of two solar masses.
A model for remaining useful life prediction of rolling bearings based on the IBA-FELM algorithm
Authors: Zhang Jianyu , Dai Yang , Xiao Yong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Rolling bearings are essential supporting components for most rotating machinery and are commonly placed at great risk of sudden failure. Accurate prediction of the remaining service life of rolling bearings is essential for ensuring reliable operation and establishing an effective maintenance strategy. Focusing on the extreme learning machine (ELM) methodology, an innovative predictive model with error feedback neuron integration is established to eliminate the deficiency in model generalization capability. To further improve the predictive accuracy, an improved bat algorithm (IBA) is introduced into the FELM model, in which the Levy flight and frequency influence factor are embedded into the traditional BA algorithm to enhance the parameter searching ability. Inverse hyperbolic function-based statistical indicators are proposed and verified by comparing with the classical RMS curve of full-life data, whose cosine similarity and correlation coefficient both exceed 0.95. Two sets of accelerated life experiments were selected to validate the effectiveness of the proposed IBA-FELM model. The results show that the integrated model can obtain high prediction accuracy and satisfactorily fit the real-life data. The maximal prediction error can be reduced from 1.57 to 0.0401 for experimental Case 1, and from 0.7375 to 0.1492 for Case 2. Compared with the other machine learning models, such as SVR, CNN, and LSTM networks, the IBA-FELM model also presents stronger optimization ability, higher generalization performance, and operation stability.
Non-intrusive thermometry in water: a novel temporal method using rise time-decay time ratio of ZnO phosphorescence in comparison with RhB PLIF and ZnO spectral imagery
Authors: Subramanian Arunprasath , Berrouet Vincent , Lalizel Gildas , Dorignac Eva , Lenzi Tommaso 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The temporal characteristics of ZnO phosphor emission and the possibility to obtain instantaneous and mean 2D temperature fields in fluids have been analysed in this article. Spectrometer tests have been performed by mixing ZnO micro-particles in liquid (water) to analyse the emission characteristics of the phosphor upon excitation by a 266 nm laser. Using a fast gating camera, it has been shown that 2D phosphor thermometry can be performed through temporal methods using ZnO phosphors, which were thought previously to be unachievable. Additionally, a two-camera temporal method is proposed by exploiting the rise and decay times of the ZnO phosphor emission upon excitation. Sensitivity of the metrology is proposed and compared with commonly used Rhodamine B fluorescence and ZnO spectral methods.
Remaining useful life prediction for bearing based on automatic feature combination extraction and residual multi-Head attention GRU network
Authors: He Jiawen , Zhang Xu , Zhang Xuechang , Shen Jie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Rolling bearings are indispensable parts in mechanical equipment, and predicting their remaining useful life is critical to normal operation and keep equipment in good repair. However, the complex characteristics of bearings make it difficult to describe their degradation characteristics. To address this issue, a novel method that combines an automatic feature combination extraction mechanism with a gated recurrent unit (GRU) network that has a residual multi-head attention mechanism for rolling bearing life prediction is proposed. Firstly, the automatic feature combination extraction mechanism is used to learn the degradation representation of the bearing vibration signal in the time domain, frequency domain, and time–frequency joint domain, and automatically extract the optimal bearing degradation feature combination. Then, the GRU network with residual multi-head attention mechanism is developed to weight and distinguish the learned degradation features, thereby improving the network’s attention to important bearing degradation features. In the end, the proposed method is validated on the prediction and the health management of systems dataset and compared to other advanced approaches. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively capture the complex and dynamic features of rolling bearings and has high accuracy and generalization ability in rolling bearing life prediction.
Formation and characterization of Group IV semiconductor nanowires
Authors: Fukata Naoki , Jevasuwan Wipakorn 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
To enable the application to next-generation devices of semiconductor nanowires (NWs), it is important to control their formation and tune their functionality by doping and the use of heterojunctions. In this paper, we introduce formation and the characterization methods of nanowires, focusing on our research results. We describe a top-down method of controlling the size and alignment of nanowires that shows advantages over bottom-up growth methods. The latter technique causes damage to the nanowire surfaces, requiring defect removal after the NW formation process. We show various methods of evaluating the bonding state and electrical activity of impurities in NWs. If an impurity is doped in a NW, mobility decreases due to the scattering that it causes. As a strategy for solving this problem, we describe research into core–shell nanowires, in which Si and Ge heterojunctions are formed in the diameter direction inside the NW. This structure can separate the impurity-doped region from the carrier transport region, promising as a channel for the new ultimate high-mobility transistor.
Phase transformations in single-layer MoTe2 stimulated by electron irradiation and annealing
Authors: Köster Janis , Kretschmer Silvan , Storm Alexander , Rasper Fabian , Kinyanjui Michael K , Krasheninnikov Arkady V , Kaiser Ute 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Among two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), MoTe2 is predestined for phase-engineering applications due to the small difference in free energy between the semiconducting H-phase and metallic 1T′-phase. At the same time, the complete picture of the phase evolution originating from point defects in single-layer of semiconducting H-MoTe2 via Mo6Te6 nanowires to cubic molybdenum has not yet been reported so far, and it is the topic of the present study. The occurring phase transformations in single-layer H-MoTe2 were initiated by 40–80 kV electrons in the spherical and chromatic aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscope and/or when subjected to high temperatures. We analyse the damage cross-section at voltages between 40 kV and 80 kV and relate the results to previously published values for other TMDs. Then we demonstrate that electron beam irradiation offers a route to locally transform freestanding single-layer H-MoTe2 into one-dimensional (1D) Mo6Te6 nanowires. Combining the experimental data with the results of first-principles calculations, we explain the transformations in MoTe2 single-layers and Mo6Te6 nanowires by an interplay of electron-beam-induced energy transfer, atom ejection, and oxygen absorption. Further, the effects emerging from electron irradiation are compared with those produced by in situ annealing in a vacuum until pure molybdenum crystals are obtained at temperatures of about 1000 °C. A detailed understanding of high-temperature solid-to-solid phase transformation in the 2D limit can provide insights into the applicability of this material for future device fabrication.
Immune cell receptor-specific nanoparticles as a potent adjuvant for nasal split influenza vaccine delivery
Authors: Li Xuemei , Xiu Xueliang , Su Rui , Ma Shichao , Li Zhipeng , Zhang Li , Wang Zhi , Zhu Yihan , Ma Fengsen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Mucosal delivery systems have gained much attention as effective way for antigen delivery that induces both systemic and mucosal immunity. However, mucosal vaccination faces the challenges of mucus barrier and effective antigen uptake and presentation. In particular, split, subunit and recombinant protein vaccines that do not have an intact pathogen structure lack the efficiency to stimulate mucosal immunity. In this study, poly (lactic acid-co-glycolic acid-polyethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG) block copolymers were modified by mannose to form a PLGA-PEG-Man conjugate (mannose modified PLGA-PEG), which were characterized. The novel nanoparticles (NPs) prepared with this material had a particle size of about 150 nm and a zeta potential of −15 mV, and possessed ideal mucus permeability, immune cell targeting, stability and low toxicity. Finally, PLGA-PEG-Man nanoparticles (PLGA-PEG-Man NPs) were successfully applied for intranasal delivery of split influenza vaccine in rat for the first time, which triggered strong systemic and mucosal immune responses. These studies suggest that PLGA-PEG-Man NPs could function as competitive potential nano-adjuvants to address the challenge of inefficient mucosal delivery of non-allopathogenic antigens.
N/P co-doped MXene hollow microcapsules by surfactants assisted hydrothermal-freeze drying for adjustable permeability
Authors: Xu Zehai , Chen Yancheng , Meng Qin , Yang Asan , Zhang Honghua , Zhang Guoliang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The assembly of MXene materials into microcapsules has drawn great attentions due to their unique properties. However, rational design and synthesis of MXene-based microcapsules with specific nanostructures at the molecular scale remains challenging. Herein, we report a strategy to synthesize N/P co-doped MXene hollow flower-like microcapsules with adjustable permeability via dual surfactants assisted hydrothermal-freeze drying method. In contrast to anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants exhibited effective electrostatic interactions with MXene nanosheets during the hydrothermal process. Manipulation of dual surfactants in hydrothermal process realized N and P co-doping of MXene to improve flexibility and promoted the generation of abundant internal cavities in flower-like microcapsules. Based on the unique microstructure, the prepared hollow flower-like microcapsules showed excellent performance, stability and reusability in size-selective release of small organic molecules. Moreover, the release rate can be controlled by turning the oxidation state and type of MXene. The strategy delineates promising prospects for the design of MXene-based microcapsules with specific structures.
Changes in cerebral cortex activity during a simple motor task after MRgFUS treatment in patients affected by essential tremor and Parkinson's disease: a pilot study using functional NIRS
Authors: Gurgone Sergio , De Salvo Simona , Bonanno Lilla , Muscarà Nunzio , Acri Giuseppe , Caridi Francesco , Paladini Giuseppe , Borzelli Daniele , Brigandì Amelia , La Torre Domenico , Sorbera Chiara , Anfuso Carmelo , Di Lorenzo Giuseppe , Venuti Valentina , d’Avella Andrea , Marino Silvia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective. Magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) is a non-invasive thermal ablation method that involves high-intensity focused ultrasound surgery (FUS) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for anatomical imaging and real-time thermal mapping. This technique is widely employed for the treatment of patients affected by essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). In the current study, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to highlight hemodynamics changes in cerebral cortex activity, during a simple hand motor task, i.e. unimanual left and right finger-tapping, in ET and PD patients. Approach. All patients were evaluated before, one week and one month after MRgFUS treatment. Main results. fNIRS revealed cerebral hemodynamic changes one week and one month after MRgFUS treatment, especially in the ET group, that showed a significant clinical improvement in tremor clinical scores. Significance. To our knowledge, our study is the first that showed the use of fNIRS system to measure the cortical activity changes following unilateral ventral intermediate nucleus thalamotomy after MRgFUS treatment. Our findings showed that therapeutic MRgFUS promoted the remodeling of neuronal networks and changes in cortical activity in association with symptomatic improvements.
Photoplethysmography-based cuffless blood pressure estimation: an image encoding and fusion approach
Authors: Liu Yinsong , Yu Junsheng , Mou Hanlin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective. Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a promising wearable technology that detects volumetric changes in microcirculation using a light source and a sensor on the skin’s surface. PPG has been shown to be useful for non-invasive blood pressure (BP) measurement. Deep learning-based BP measurements are now gaining popularity. However, almost all methods focus on 1D PPG. We aimed to design an end-to-end approach for estimating BP using image encodings from a 2D perspective. Approach. In this paper, we present a BP estimation approach based on an image encoding and fusion (BP-IEF) technique. We convert the PPG into five image encodings and use them as input. The proposed BP-IEF consists of two parts: an encoder and a decoder. In addition, three kinds of well-known neural networks are taken as the fundamental architecture of the encoder. The decoder is a hybrid architecture that consists of convolutional and fully connected layers, which are used to fuse features from the encoder. Main results. The performance of the proposed BP-IEF is evaluated on the UCI database in both non-mixed and mixed manners. On the non-mixed dataset, the root mean square error and mean absolute error for systolic BP (SBP) are 13.031 mmHg and 9.187 mmHg respectively, while for diastolic BP (DBP) they are 5.049 mmHg and 3.810 mmHg. On the mixed dataset, the corresponding values for SBP are 4.623 mmHg and 3.058 mmHg, while for DBP the values are 2.350 mmHg and 1.608 mmHg. In addition, both SBP and DBP estimation on the mixed dataset achieved grade A compared to the British Hypertension Society standard. The DBP estimation on the non-mixed dataset also achieved grade A. Significance. The results indicate that the proposed approach has the potential to improve on the current mobile healthcare for cuffless BP measurement.
Distribution of regional lung function in upright healthy subjects determined by electrical impedance tomography in two chest examination planes
Authors: Frerichs I , Vogt B , Deuss K , Hennig V , Schädler D , Händel C 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective. The variation in pulmonary gas content induced by ventilation is not uniformly distributed in the lungs. The aim of our study was to characterize the differences in spatial distribution of ventilation in two transverse sections of the chest using electrical impedance tomography (EIT). Approach. Twenty adult never-smokers, 10 women and 10 men (mean age ± SD, 31 ± 9 years), were examined in a sitting position with the EIT electrodes placed consecutively in a caudal (6th intercostal space) and a cranial (4th intercostal space) chest location. EIT data were acquired during quiet breathing, slow and forced full expiration manoeuvres. Impedance variations representing tidal volume (V
T), vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were calculated at the level of individual image pixels and their spatial distribution was determined using the following EIT measures: the centres of ventilation in ventrodorsal (CoVvd) and right-to-left direction (CoVrl), the dorsal and right fractions of ventilation, the coefficient of variation (CV) and the global inhomogeneity (GI) index. Main results. The sums of pixel ventilation-related impedance variations reproduced reliably the volumetric dissimilarities among V
T, VC, FEV1 and FVC, with no significant differences noted between the two examination planes. Significant differences in ventilation distribution were found between the planes during tidal breathing and slow full expiration, mainly regarding the ventrodorsal direction, with higher values of CoVvd and dorsal fraction of ventilation in the caudal plane (p < 0.01). No significant differences in the spatial distribution of FEV1 and FVC were detected between the examination planes. Significance. The spatial distribution of ventilation differed between the two examination planes only during the relaxed (quiet breathing and slow VC manoeuvre) but not during the forced ventilation. This effect is attributable to the differences in thoracoabdominal mechanics between these types of ventilation.
Energy gain of wetted-foam implosions with auxiliary heating for inertial fusion studies
Authors: Paddock R W , Li T S , Kim E , Lee J J , Martin H , Ruskov R T , Hughes S , Rose S J , Murphy C D , H Scott R H , Bingham R , Garbett W , Elisseev V V , Haines B M , Zylstra A B , Campbell E M , Thomas C A , Goffrey T , Arber T D , Aboushelbaya R , Von der Leyen M W , W Wang R H , James A A , Ouatu I , Timmis R , Howard S , Atonga E , Norreys P A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Low convergence ratio implosions (where wetted-foam layers are used to limit capsule convergence, achieving improved robustness to instability growth) and auxiliary heating (where electron beams are used to provide collisionless heating of a hotspot) are two promising techniques that are being explored for inertial fusion energy applications. In this paper, a new analytic study is presented to understand and predict the performance of these implosions. Firstly, conventional gain models are adapted to produce gain curves for fixed convergence ratios, which are shown to well-describe previously simulated results. Secondly, auxiliary heating is demonstrated to be well understood and interpreted through the burn-up fraction of the deuterium-tritium fuel, with the gradient of burn-up with respect to burn-averaged temperature shown to provide good qualitative predictions of the effectiveness of this technique for a given implosion. Simulations of auxiliary heating for a range of implosions are presented in support of this and demonstrate that this heating can have significant benefit for high gain implosions, being most effective when the burn-averaged temperature is between 5 and 20 keV.