bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refined methodologies for probabilistic dietary exposure assessment for food contaminants based on the observed individual means methodology
Authors: Stefano Simone , Lanno Alessia , Ghironi Sofia , Passoni Alice , Bagnati Renzo , Roncaglioni Alessandra , Davoli Enrico , Fattore Elena 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The Observed Individual Means (OIM) methodology, based on the non-parametric bootstrap, is usually employed to perform basic probabilistic dietary chronic exposure assessment, and assumes independence and identical distribution of occurrence data within food category. However, this assumption may not be valid if several expected distributions of occurrence can be a priori identified within food category. Moreover, OIM assumes each analysed food sample to equally contribute to mean occurrence, as information about relevance of each food item cannot be incorporated into exposure assessment.

Objective
In this paper we address the above-mentioned violations and develop two statistical methodologies to accommodate for them into OIM.

Methods
The stratified non-parametric bootstrap and weighted mean occurrence are employed to correct for such violations. As a case study, we compare the methodologies by estimating the exposure of the adult Italian population to the process contaminant 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol.

Results
We propose strategies to interpret their results and show their relevance in conducting exposure assessment.

Impact statement
For the first time in the literature, we critically examine a widely used methodology for Probabilistic Dietary Exposure Assessment from a statistical perspective, focusing on the underlying assumptions and their potential violations in real-world scenarios. We then develop techniques to address these violations, providing a more accurate and robust approach to exposure assessment. This work is particularly relevant for risk assessors and managers, since it offers a refined toolset for more precise exposure assessments.
Genetic associations between orexin genes and phenotypes related to behavioral regulation in humans, including substance use
Authors: Aliev Fazil , De Sa Nogueira David , Aston-Jones Gary , Dick Danielle M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The hypothalamic neuropeptide system of orexin (hypocretin) neurons provides projections throughout the neuraxis and has been linked to sleep regulation, feeding and motivation for salient rewards including drugs of abuse. However, relatively little has been done to examine genes associated with orexin signaling and specific behavioral phenotypes in humans. Here, we tested for association of twenty-seven genes involved in orexin signaling with behavioral phenotypes in humans. We tested the full gene set, functional subsets, and individual genes involved in orexin signaling. Our primary phenotype of interest was Externalizing, a composite factor comprised of behaviors and disorders associated with reward-seeking, motivation, and behavioral regulation. We also tested for association with additional phenotypes that have been related to orexin regulation in model organism studies, including alcohol consumption, problematic alcohol use, daytime sleepiness, insomnia, cigarettes per day, smoking initiation, and body mass index. The composite set of 27 genes corresponding to orexin function was highly associated with Externalizing, as well as with alcohol consumption, insomnia, cigarettes per day, smoking initiation and BMI. In addition, all gene subsets (except the OXR2/HCRTR2 subset) were associated with Externalizing. BMI was significantly associated with all gene subsets. The “validated factors for PPOX/HCRT” and “PPOX/HCRT upregulation” gene subsets also were associated with alcohol consumption. Individually, 8 genes showed a strong association with Externalizing, 12 with BMI, 7 with smoking initiation, 3 with alcohol consumption, and 2 with problematic alcohol use, after correction for multiple testing. This study indicates that orexin genes are associated with multiple behaviors and disorders related to self-regulation in humans. This is consistent with prior work in animals that implicated orexin signaling in motivational activation induced by salient stimuli, and supports the hypothesis that orexin signaling is an important potential therapeutic target for numerous behavioral disorders.
Targeting ferroptosis: a promising approach for treating lung carcinoma
Authors: Wu Ziyang , Zhang Yan , Zhong Wendi , Wu Kunjian , Zhong Tian , Jiang Tao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Lung carcinoma incidence and fatality rates remain among the highest on a global scale. The efficacy of targeted therapies and immunotherapies is commonly compromised by the emergence of drug resistance and other factors, resulting in a lack of durable therapeutic benefits. Ferroptosis, a distinct pattern of cell death marked by the buildup of iron-dependent lipid peroxides, has been shown to be a novel and potentially more effective treatment for lung carcinoma. However, the mechanism and regulatory network of ferroptosis are exceptionally complex, and many unanswered questions remain. In addition, research on ferroptosis in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer has been growing exponentially. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a thorough summary of the latest advancements in the field of ferroptosis. Here, we comprehensively analyze the mechanisms underlying the preconditions of ferroptosis, the defense system, and the associated molecular networks. The potential strategies of ferroptosis in the treatment of lung carcinoma are also highlighted. Targeting ferroptosis improves tumor cell drug resistance and enhances the effectiveness of targeted drugs and immunotherapies. These findings may shed fresh light on the diagnosis and management of lung carcinoma, as well as the development of drugs related to ferroptosis.
Can monolithic zirconia frameworks in implant-supported cross-arch prostheses deliver reliable long-term outcomes?
Authors: Parmar Nidhi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Design
A retrospective cohort study assessing the mid-to-long-term outcomes and risk factors affecting the prosthetic success and survival of implant-supported cross-arch fixed dental prostheses (IFCDPs) with monolithic zirconia frameworks.

Cohort selection
Forty-seven patients received a total of 51 cross-arch prostheses (27 maxillary and 24 mandibular prostheses), supported by 302 implants. Comprehensive clinical and radiographic records were available over a follow-up period ranging from 5 to 13 years. A strict inclusion criteria ensured the use of screw-retained implants and monolithic zirconia frameworks fabricated using standardised CAD/CAM protocols, without cemented titanium bases. Exclusion criteria included systemic conditions affecting healing, bruxism, uncontrolled periodontitis, smoking, and significant health changes during the follow-up period.

Data analysis
Descriptive statistics summarised implant and prosthesis outcomes, while complications were evaluated for peri-implantitis at an implant level and framework fractures at a prosthesis level. Peri-implantitis was identified through clinical signs, including bleeding on probing, suppuration, and radiographic evidence of bone loss. Prosthetic outcomes were classified using the modified USPHS criteria. Mixed-effects Cox regression models were applied to analyse risk factors. Hazard ratios were calculated for peri-implantitis and framework fractures, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.

Results
The implant survival rate was 97.64%, with peri-implantitis observed in 27 implants, predominantly in the mandible, resulting in an overall implant success rate of 91.06%. Prosthesis survival was 82.35%, with nine framework fractures reported, eight of which occurred in mandibular prostheses. The mandible was identified as a significant risk factor for both framework fractures (HR = 11.64, p = 0.024) and peri-implantitis (HR = 10.88, p = 0.003).

Conclusion
IFCDPs with monolithic zirconia-based frameworks exhibited favourable clinical outcomes over a 5–13-year period. However, mandibular prostheses were more prone to framework fractures and peri-implantitis, highlighting the need to consider mandibular flexure in prosthetic design to enhance long-term success and durability.
Androgen deprivation therapy does not increase rates for reintervention, complication, or infection in primary penile implant or artificial urinary sphincter surgery: a retrospective cohort study from the TriNetX network
Authors: Prebay Zachary J. , Fu David , Hochberg Aaron R. , Chung Paul H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Prostate cancer treatment-related erectile dysfunction and stress urinary incontinence are commonly treated with inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) or artificial urinary sphincter (AUS). Given the association with androgens and penile/urethral health, we aim to evaluate whether patients on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) undergoing IPP or AUS surgery are at increased risk for reintervention, complication, or infection. We queried the TriNetX database for adult males receiving IPP or AUS. The ADT cohort included those on ADT 3 months before or any time after surgery. We performed sub-analysis for leuprolide and bicalutamide. Cohorts and outcomes were defined by Current Procedural Terminology and International Classification of Diseases codes. Propensity score matching was performed using age, prostate cancer, history of prostatectomy, and history of radiation. Outcomes were reintervention (revision, removal, or replacement), infection, and complication. Analytics were performed in March 2024. 13,432 patients received an IPP and 5676 received an AUS, 465 and 745 of whom were on ADT, respectively. The only significant AUS analysis was for patients on abiraterone having fewer reinterventions (10.5% vs 20.8%, RR = 0.50 [0.29, 0.88]). Patients receiving an IPP with ADT had fewer reinterventions (7.2% vs 12%, RR = 0.60 [0.39, 0.92]) and complications (12.7% vs 18.5%, RR = 0.68 [0.49, 0.95]). Those on a GnRH agonist had fewer reinterventions (7.4% vs 11.7%, RR = 0.63 [0.41, 0.98]) for IPP. Patients receiving an IPP on bicalutamide had fewer reinterventions ( <5.2%* vs 10.8%, RR = 0.48 [0.23, 0.99]) and on leuprolide had fewer complications (12.2% vs 19.3%, RR = 0.63 [0.43, 0.91]). The remainder of analyses showed no significant differences. Patients with IPP or AUS do not fare worse on ADT. Further evaluation into the duration of ADT may provide clinical context, but based on these results, ADT should not limit implant surgery.
Evaluation of bond durability of different self-adhesive bioactive restorative systems to dentin
Authors: Samy Fawkia M. , El-Kholany Naglaa R. , Hamama Hamdi H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study aimed to compare the bonding efficacy three bioactive self-adhesive restorative systems to dentin. A total of 80 permanent human molars were utilized in this study. The occlusal enamel was removed to exposed mid-coronal dentin; 40 molars were used for microshear bond strength testing, while the remaining molars were used for micromorphological analysis of restoration/dentin interface. Accordingly, 4 groups were assigned according to the used restorative materials; (G1) self-adhesive hybrid composite (surefil one), (G2) Alkasite-based material (Cention forte) without pretreatment primer, (G3) Alkasite-based material (Cention forte) with pretreatment primer (Cention primer), and (G4) resin-modified glass ionomer (fuji II LC). Then each group was divided into 2 sub-group according to testing time (n = 5); immediate (after 24 h) and delayed (after 6 months of storage in artificial saliva). Microshear bond strength testing employed a universal testing machine to quantify the force required for material fracture at the interface, followed by failure mode analysis. Interfacial micromorphology was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In µSBS, the outcome of Two-way ANOVA showed that, there is a statistically significant difference in “type of the restorative material” and “storage time” (p˂0.05. The output of Tukey post-hoc test revealed highest µSBS values were recorded in both immediate and delayed was recorded for Cention Forte with it’s pretreatment primer (p < 0.05). Whereas Surefil one & Cention Forte (without primer) showed the lowest µSBS results among its immediate and delayed groups (p < 0.05). Regarding the micromorphological patterns of restoration/dentin interface using SEM, there was a difference among the tested groups. This study revealed that using of primers prior to application of alkasite-based restorative material is highly recommended as this techniques seems to be the most effective in obtaining superior bond strength with dentin. Accordingly, this outcome of this study highlighting the importance of using primer in enhancing bonding to dentin, which might slightly countered the initial manufacturer’s recommendations and categorization of this type of restorations as a self-adhesive.
Uncovering mercury accumulation and the potential for bacterial bioremediation in response to contamination in the Singalila National Park
Authors: Acharyya Sukanya , Majumder Soumya , Nandi Sudeshna , Ghosh Arindam , Saha Sumedha , Bhattacharya Malay 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Several recent investigations into montane regions have reported on excess mercury accumulation in high-altitude forest ecosystems. This study explored the Singalila National Park, located on the Singalila ridge of the Eastern Himalayas, revealing substantial mercury contamination. Particular focus was on Sandakphu (3636 m), the highest peak in West Bengal, India. It harboured 6.77 ± 0.01 mg/kg of total mercury in its topsoil. Further evidence was provided by accumulation in leaves (0.040 ± 0.01 mg/kg), and roots (0.150 ± 0.008 mg/kg) of local vegetation, litterfall (0.234 ± 0.019 mg/kg), mosses (0.367 ± 0.043 mg/kg), surface water from local lakes and waterbodies (0.010 ± 0.005 mg/l), fresh snow (0.014 ± 0.004 mg/l), and sleet (0.019 ± 0.009 mg/l). Samples from other points of varying elevation in the park also demonstrated contamination. The soil displayed a range of 0.068–5.28 mg/kg, while the mean concentration in leaves was 0.153 ± 0.105 mg/kg, roots was 0.106 ± 0.054 mg/kg, and leaf litter was 0.240 ± 0.112 mg/kg. Additionally, the microbial consortia isolated from the contaminated soil displayed a high tolerance to mercuric chloride, presumably gained through repeated and consistent exposure. Four high tolerance bacterial strains, MTS2C, MTS3A, MTS4B and MTS6A, were further characterized for potential use in bioremediation strategies. Their mercury removal capacities were determined to be 82.35%, 75.21%, 61.95%, and 37.47%, respectively. Overall, the findings presented provide evidence for a highly contaminated environment in the Singalila National Park, that poses significant ecological risk to the flora, fauna and local inhabitants of this biodiversity hotspot. This research also highlights the need for further exploration and monitoring of the Eastern Himalayas for its role as a sink for atmospheric mercury.
The efficacy of non-depolarizing muscle relaxant as adjuvants to local anesthesia in peribulbar block during cataract surgery
Authors: Hassan Ainelmarwa Abdelmonem Abdallah , Elkemary Fatma Alzahraa Roshdy , Abdelrahman Heba Mahmoud 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Peribulbar anesthesia is mainly used for cataract surgery. Many studies had used atracurium and rocuronium as an additive to the local anesthetic (LA) drugs in eye surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of adding atracurium versus rocuronium to a local anesthetic mixture, in providing an early onset of orbital akinesia and corneal anesthesia during cataract surgery. Ninety-three patients met the inclusion criteria and gave a written informed consent to participate. Patients were randomly allocated in three study groups (31 patients in each group). Group I received either 3 mL of a lidocaine2%(mixed by hyaluronidase 50 IU/ml) and 3 ml bupivacaine mixture, plus 0.5 mL rocuronium (5 mg) total volume 6.5 ml. Group II 3 mL of a lidocaine2%(mixed by hyaluronidase 50 IU/ml) and 3 ml bupivacaine mixture plus 0.5 mL (5 mg) atracurium total volume 6.5 ml. Group III or3 mL of a lidocaine2%(mixed by hyaluronidase 50 IU/ml) and − 3 ml bupivacaine mixture, plus 0.5 mL saline total volume 6.5 ml. The onset time of orbital akinesia was significantly lower in the rocuronium group and the atracurium group compared to the control group. Akinesia score was (0.90 ± 0.30) and (0.19 ± 0.40) in rocuronium group at 4 min and 6 min respectively which result in highly significant difference than atracurium and control groups. The use of rocuronium and atracurium will result in rapid orbital akinesia and rapid orbicularis muscle akinesia.
Effect of boiling water soaking on the mechanical properties and durability of nanoclay-enhanced bamboo and glass fiber epoxy composites
Authors: Ahmad Syed Mansoor , Gowrishankar M. C. , Shettar Manjunath 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fiber-reinforced polymer composites are subjected to harsh environmental conditions over the course of their designed lifespan. Studying the aging process of fiber-reinforced polymer composites exposed to boiling water is critical for improving their durability. This study uses a hand lay-up technique to fabricate composites from glass fiber, bamboo fiber, nanoclay, and epoxy. Tensile and flexural tests are conducted following ASTM standards. The % of water uptake of the boiling water-soaked specimens is measured, and the performance of the dry composites is compared with those of boiling water-soaked composites. The results show that boiling water-soaking conditions have an adverse impact on all the composites. Boiling water-soaked epoxy samples show a reduction in tensile properties by 25 and 30% and flexural properties by 18 and 22% under processes 1 and 2 of boiling water soaking, respectively, compared to dry ones. Meanwhile, for fiber-reinforced composites, the tensile properties decrease by 19 and 27%, and the flexural properties decline by 12 and 20% under processes 1 and 2 of boiling soaking, respectively. However, incorporating nanoclay enhances the tensile and flexural properties of the epoxy and the composites by 5 to 7% and 10 to 12%, respectively. The water absorption rate and the impact of boiling water-soaking on composite strength decrease with the addition of nanoclay. Additionally, nanoclay reduces the percentage of reduction in tensile properties by 17 and 26% and in flexural properties by 11 and 18% under processes 1 and 2 of boiling soaking, respectively. SEM analysis of the fracture surfaces reveals the causes of specimen failure under tensile load, with distinct differences between dry and boiling water-soaked specimens.
Observations of UX Ori in deep minima with the Nordic Optical Telescope
Authors: Tambovtseva L. V. , Djupvik A. A. , Grinin V. P. , Weber H. , Bengtsson H. , De Angelis H. , Duszanowicz G. , Heinonen D. , Hermansson L. , Holmberg G. , Karlsson T. , Larsson M. , Warell J. , Wikander T. 
Published: January 2025

Context. UX Orionis stars are the most active young stars; they undergo sporadic fadings of 2–4 magnitudes in the V-band, due to variable circumstellar extinction caused by a nearly edge-on star–disc system. The long-lasting monitoring of a number of stars of this type with the Nordic Optical Telescope from 2019 to 2024 has given a rich collection of material of high-resolution (R ∼ 25 000) spectra obtained during different brightness states of the stars. In this paper, we present the results of observations for UX Ori itself. Until now only one spectrum of high resolution had been obtained for this star during brightness minimum, making it difficult to do a comprehensive analysis.
Aims. Our aim is to analyse how different spectral lines change during such irregular fading events, when the star is going in and out of eclipses, obscured by dust along the line of sight.
Methods. For this purpose we provide a comparative analysis of the profiles and equivalent widths of the spectral lines belonging to the different atoms and ions. In addition we compare the results for UX Ori with those made for another target in our sample: RR Tau.
Results. Common features of variability are revealed: (1) a strengthening of the Hα line relatively to the continuum during eclipses; (2) the appearance of additional emission on the frequencies of photospheric lines (e.g. FeII, CaII, SiII). The different behaviour of the spectral lines during fading found for UX Ori and RR Tau may be caused by two effects: a different contribution of the scattered light to the stellar flux during eclipses or a less intense disc wind of UX Ori.
Identifying Compton-thick AGNs in the COSMOS
Authors: Guo Xiaotong , Gu Qiusheng , Fang Guanwen , Chen Yongyun , Ding Nan , Yu Xiaoling , Wang Hongtao 
Published: January 2025

Context. Compton-thick active galactic nuclei (CT-AGNs), characterized by a significant absorption with column densities of NH ≥ 1.5 × 1024 cm−2, emit feeble X-ray radiation and are even undetectable by X-ray instruments, making them difficult to identify. X-ray radiation from AGNs is the predominant source of the cosmic X-ray background (CXB). Based on AGN synthesis models for the CXB, the fraction of CT-AGNs should constitute a substantial portion of AGN population, approximately 30% or more.
Aims. The fraction of CT-AGNs discovered in the Cosmological Evolution Survey (COSMOS) is significantly lower than this value. This means that many CT-AGNs may be hidden in AGNs that exhibit low photon counts or that have not been detected by X-ray instruments. This work focuses on identifying CT-AGNs hidden in AGNs with low photon counts.
Methods. Firstly, we selected 440 AGNs with abundant multiwavelength data as our sample. Secondly, we analyzed multiwavelength data, extracting crucial physical parameters required for the CT-AGN diagnosis. Finally, we used multiwavelength approaches to identify CT-AGNs.
Results. We have successfully identified 18 CT-AGNs in our sample. Among the CT-AGNs, four AGNs show discrepant results across different diagnostic methods. We discuss the potential reasons behind these diagnostic discrepancies. We explore the impact of estimating [O III]λ 5007 luminosities based on [O II]λ 3727 luminosities for the CT-AGN diagnosis. We have also found that the properties of host galaxies for CT-AGNs and non-CT-AGNs do not show significant discrepancies.
Neurologische Begutachtung des „Post-COVID-19-Syndroms“
(PCS)
Authors: Rollnik Jens D. 
Published: January 2025

ZusammenfassungDas sog. „Post-Covid-19-Syndrom“ (PCS) stellt mit einer Vielzahl subjektiver
Symptome eine Herausforderung für die neurologische Begutachtung dar. Der
Übersichtsartikel geht auf Möglichkeiten der Beschwerdenvalidierung der
häufigsten i.R. eines PCS geklagten neurologischen, neuropsychiatrischen und
neuropsychologischen Symptome ein, insbesondere die Fatigue, Riech- und
Schmeckstörungen, Kommunikationsstörungen, kognitive Einbußen sowie
Gefühlsstörungen und Muskelschmerzen.