bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Risk Factors for Bone Stress Injuries in United States Air Force Special Warfare Trainees
Authors: Johnson Andrew S , Brismée Jean-Michel , Hooper Troy L , Hintz Courtney N , Hando Benjamin R 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To determine (1) the incidence rate of lower extremity (LE) bone stress injuries (BSIs) in United States Air Force Special Warfare (AFSPECWAR) trainees during the first 120 days of training, and (2) factors associated with sustaining a LE BSI.

Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Methods
AFSPECWAR Airmen (n = 2,290, mean age = 23.7 ± 3.6 years) entering an intensive 8-week preparatory course “SW-Prep” between October 2017 and May 2021. We compared anthropometric measurements, previous musculoskeletal injury (MSKI), fitness measures, and prior high-impact sports participation in those that did and did not suffer a BSI during the 120-day observation period using independent t-tests and chi-square tests. A multivariable binary logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with suffering a BSI.

Results
A total of 124 AFSPECWAR trainees suffered a BSI during the surveillance period, yielding an incidence proportion of 5.41% and an incidence rate of 1.4 BSIs per 100 person-months. The multivariate logistic regression revealed that lower 2-minute sit-up scores, no prior history of participation in a high-impact high-school sport, and a history of prior LE MSKI were associated with suffering a BSI. A receiver operator characteristic curve analysis yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.727.

Conclusion
BSI incidence proportion for our sample was similar to those seen in other military settings. Military trainees without a history of high-impact sports participation who achieve lower scores on sit-ups tests and have a history of LE MSKI have a higher risk for developing a LE BSI during the first 120 days of AFSPECWAR training.
The evolution of collision debris near the ν6 secular resonance and its role in the origin of terrestrial water
Authors: Süli Á , Forgács-Dajka E 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
This work presents novel findings that broaden our understanding of the amount of water that can be transported to the Earth. The key innovation lies in the combined usage of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and N-body codes to assess the role of collision fragments in water delivery. We also present a method for generating initial conditions that enables the projectile to impact at the designated location on the target’s surface with the specified velocity. The primary objective of this study is to simulate giant collisions between two Ceres-sized bodies by SPH near the ν6 secular resonance and follow the evolution of the ejected debris by numerical N-body code. With our method 6 different initial conditions for the collision were determined, and the corresponding impacts were simulated by SPH. Examining the orbital evolution of the debris ejected after collisions, we measured the amount of water delivered to the Earth, which is broadly 0.001 ocean equivalents of water, except in one case where one large body transported 7 per cent oceans of water to the planet. Based on this and taking into account the frequency of collisions, the amount of delivered water varies between 1.2 and 8.3 ocean’s worth of water, depending on the primordial disc mass. According to our results, the prevailing external pollution model effectively accounts for the assumed water content on the Earth, whether it’s estimated at 1 or 10 ocean’s worth of water.
Collimated synchrotron threads in wide-angle-tail radio galaxies: cosmic thunderbolts?
Authors: Gopal-Krishna  , Biermann Peter L 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The WAT (wide-angle-tail) radio galaxies ESO 137-006 and 3C338 show radio filaments including some extending between the two radio tails. If, in analogy to the Parker solar wind model, jets carry a powerful relativistic electric current, the continuity equation shows that slow return current responding to a temporal variation in jet power would inevitably lead to a localized short-lived charging-up, i.e. a temporary patch of electric field. Progenitors of the observed radio filaments are the relic jets left by repeated episodes of nuclear activity and pushed sideways by the ram pressure, though remaining connected to the broad radio lobes. The Debye shielding distance, for energetic particles with a p−2-distribution of momentum p, allows a very large Debye scale at the highest energies, approaching the radio galaxy scale, with a huge total energy content. Here, we propose that discharges dissipating the transient patches of electric fields through the filaments illuminate them. Our proposal is based on gradient drift currents within the bipolar jets, allowing for drift speeds approaching the speed of light. We sketch a scenario how a discharge current sometimes gets manifested as a radio filament connecting opposite lobes/tails of a WAT radio galaxy.
Extending MeCP2 interactome: canonical nucleosomal histones interact with MeCP2
Authors: Ortega-Alarcon David , Claveria-Gimeno Rafael , Vega Sonia , Kalani Ladan , Jorge-Torres Olga C , Esteller Manel , Ausio Juan , Abian Olga , Velazquez-Campoy Adrian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
MeCP2 is a general regulator of transcription involved in the repression/activation of genes depending on the local epigenetic context. It acts as a chromatin regulator and binds with exquisite specificity to gene promoters. The set of epigenetic marks recognized by MeCP2 has been already established (mainly, cytosine modifications in CpG and CpA), as well as many of the constituents of its interactome. We unveil a new set of interactions for MeCP2 with the four canonical nucleosomal histones. MeCP2 interacts with high affinity with H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. In addition, Rett syndrome associated mutations in MeCP2 and histone epigenetic marks modulate these interactions. Given the abundance and the structural/functional relevance of histones and their involvement in epigenetic regulation, this new set of interactions and its modulating elements provide a new addition to the ‘alphabet’ for this epigenetic reader.
Selection-free precise gene repair using high-capacity adenovector delivery of advanced prime editing systems rescues dystrophin synthesis in DMD muscle cells
Authors: Wang Qian , Capelletti Sabrina , Liu Jin , Janssen Josephine M , Gonçalves Manuel A F V 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Prime editors have high potential for disease modelling and regenerative medicine efforts including those directed at the muscle-wasting disorder Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, the large size and multicomponent nature of prime editing systems pose substantial production and delivery issues. Here, we report that packaging optimized full-length prime editing constructs in adenovector particles (AdVPs) permits installing precise DMD edits in human myogenic cells, namely, myoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells (up to 80% and 64%, respectively). AdVP transductions identified optimized prime-editing reagents capable of correcting DMD reading frames of ∼14% of patient genotypes and restoring dystrophin synthesis and dystrophin-β-dystroglycan linkages in unselected DMD muscle cell populations. AdVPs were equally suitable for correcting DMD iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and delivering dual prime editors tailored for DMD repair through targeted exon 51 deletion. Moreover, by exploiting the cell cycle-independent AdVP transduction process, we report that 2- and 3-component prime-editing modalities are both most active in cycling than in post-mitotic cells. Finally, we establish that combining AdVP transduction with seamless prime editing allows for stacking chromosomal edits through successive delivery rounds. In conclusion, AdVPs permit versatile investigation of advanced prime editing systems independently of their size and component numbers, which should facilitate their screening and application.
Pleasure, Pain, and Pluralism about Well-Being
Authors: Lin Eden 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Pluralistic theories of well-being might appear unable to accommodate just how important pleasure and pain are to well-being. Intuitively, there is a finite limit to how well your life can go for you if it goes badly enough hedonically (e.g. because you never feel any pleasure and you spend two years in unrelenting agony). But if there is some basic good distinct from pleasure, as any pluralistic theory must claim, then it seems that you could be made arbitrarily well off by being given enough of that good even if your life is hedonically terrible. My aim is to defend pluralistic theories against this objection. After replying to the simplest version of it, I will answer a more sophisticated version of it that has recently been leveled by Theron Pummer.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on childhood obesity rates, by Health Board area, in Wales, UK
Authors: Beynon Claire , Davies Llion 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to examine the possible impact of the coronavirus pandemic on rates of children living with obesity and severe obesity, by Health Board area in Wales.

Methods
The pre-pandemic data consisted of all children included in the Wales Childhood Measurement Programme (2014/15–2018/19). The 2021/22 Child Measurement Programme data were used as the post-pandemic data set. Body mass index for obesity and severe obesity were calculated as 95th and 99.6th centiles, respectively.

Results
Of the 163 277 children measured pre-pandemic (2014/15 to 2018/19), the overall prevalence of children with obesity and severe obesity were 12.1 and 3.2%, respectively. In the post-pandemic year (2021/22), obesity increased to 15.5% and severe obesity increased to 4.8%, with clear deprivation differentials (noting one of the seven Health Boards was unable to submit data post-pandemic). Two Health Boards had significantly higher rates of obesity post-pandemic compared to pre-pandemic. Increased levels of severe obesity were observed in all Health Boards with available data.

Conclusion
The post-pandemic rise in obesity and severe obesity in young children living in Wales demonstrates a need for more work on the prevention of obesity and severe obesity, targeting the early years and areas of socio-economic disadvantage.
Feasibility, effectiveness, and acceptability of an afternoon-evening sleep schedule in older nightshift workers
Authors: Barger Laura K , Zhang Yuan , Lammers-van der Holst Heidi M , Snoep Davina , Murphy Audra S , Desnoyers Brian , Duffy Jeanne F 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
To explore the feasibility, effectiveness, and acceptability of an afternoon-evening sleep schedule in older (age 50–65 years) nightshift workers.

Methods
We used a three-part strategy: a screening survey to identify individuals who said they could adopt an 8-hour afternoon-evening sleep schedule; a field study where daily diary and actigraphy data were collected during a baseline week and intervention week, with randomization to self-selected sleep, 8-hour afternoon-evening time in bed (TIB), or 8-hour self-selected TIB; and follow-up focus groups to understand the acceptability of the intervention.

Results
Gender (p &lt; 0.001), Hispanic ethnicity (p = 0.023), the care of children (p = 0.014), and chronotype (p = 0.012), predicted the reported ability to spend 8 hours in bed in the afternoon-evening. Participants assigned to the 8-hour self-selected and 8-hour afternoon-evening groups significantly increased their TIB and sleep duration compared to baseline (p &lt; 0.05), while the control group did not. Although spending 8 hours in bed was feasible for the participants during the study, focus group discussions indicated participants would not continue an 8-hour TIB schedule after the study due to family responsibilities and other activities of daily living.

Conclusions
Spending 8 hours in bed between successive night shifts, initiated at both a self-selected time and in the afternoon-evening, increased the sleep duration of older shiftworkers, but most would not continue such a schedule on their own. Additional research is needed to find countermeasures for the reduced sleep duration experienced by most shiftworkers that are not only effective, but also compatible with shiftworkers’ lifestyles.
Label-Free and High-Throughput Removal of Residual Undifferentiated Cells From iPSC-Derived Spinal Cord Progenitor Cells
Authors: Nguyen Tan Dai , Chooi Wai Hon , Jeon Hyungkook , Chen Jiahui , Tan Jerome , Roxby Daniel N , Lee Cheryl Yi-Pin , Ng Shi-Yan , Chew Sing Yian , Han Jongyoon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The transplantation of spinal cord progenitor cells (SCPCs) derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has beneficial effects in treating spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the presence of residual undifferentiated iPSCs among their differentiated progeny poses a high risk as these cells can develop teratomas or other types of tumors post-transplantation. Despite the need to remove these residual undifferentiated iPSCs, no specific surface markers can identify them for subsequent removal. By profiling the size of SCPCs after a 10-day differentiation process, we found that the large-sized group contains significantly more cells expressing pluripotent markers. In this study, we used a sized-based, label-free separation using an inertial microfluidic-based device to remove tumor-risk cells. The device can reduce the number of undifferentiated cells from an SCPC population with high throughput (ie, &gt;3 million cells/minute) without affecting cell viability and functions. The sorted cells were verified with immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry analysis, and colony culture assay. We demonstrated the capabilities of our technology to reduce the percentage of OCT4-positive cells. Our technology has great potential for the “downstream processing” of cell manufacturing workflow, ensuring better quality and safety of transplanted cells.
Statistics support and anxiety explored
Authors: Marshall Ellen , Riach Anna , Shaker Amanda , Rowlett Peter 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Most higher education institutions in the UK now offer some form of additional individual support for mathematics and statistics. Whilst numerous studies have shown mathematics support can improve grades and reduce failure rates, there is a lack of research on other outcomes of interest such as anxiety or confidence, and very little research relating specifically to statistics support. This study uses quantitative and qualitative results from student questionnaires to evaluate the effectiveness of support in reducing anxiety and increasing confidence immediately after the first statistics support session and in the longer term. Comparisons of and preferences for online or face-to-face sessions and other aspects relating to anxiety were also explored. Key quantitative findings include a significant reduction in statistics anxiety after only one session of statistics support and a long-term increase in confidence with statistics. When asked how support impacts on anxiety or confidence, key themes emerging included feeling comfortable asking questions in statistics support, tailoring to individual needs and confirmation of understanding. The majority of students preferred face-to-face sessions over online particularly those with higher levels of statistics anxiety. Although differences were generally not significant, higher levels of anxiety were observed before online sessions and greater changes in anxiety occurred during face-to-face sessions.
Study on SH-SY5Y autophagy inhibition and apoptosis induced by methanol extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. based on mTOR signal pathway
Authors: Guo Jiafu , Wen Jiayu , Xiang Qiwen , Huang Yan , Hu Tingting , Rao Chaolong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Zanthoxylum armatum DC. (ZADC) is a novel food raw material resource, offering both edible and medicinal properties. Recent research has unveiled the toxic nature of ZADC, particularly its close association with the nervous system. In a prior study, we observed that administering methanol extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. (MZADC) to rats via gavage at a dose of 1.038 g/kg resulted in various neurotoxicity symptoms, including excessive salivation, reduced mobility, unsteady gait, muscle twitching, and altered respiratory rates.

Materials and methods
We conducted cell-based research to assess the safety of ZADC and elucidate its potential toxic mechanism. In addition, we used experimental methods such as Cell Counting Kit-8, Western blot, and Flow cytometry to detect cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells after intervention with MZADC.

Results
Following exposure of SY-SY5Y cells with MZADC, a substantial decline in cell viability was observed, accompanied by a concentration-dependent increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Additionally, MZADC induced cellular oxidative stress, leading to elevated malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations while decreasing glutathione (GSH) levels. Furthermore, MZADC induced apoptosis at varying doses (20, 40, and 60 μg/mL), and this effect was associated with increased Caspase-3, Bax expressions, and reduced Bcl2 and Bcl2/Bax expressions. In addition, the investigation revealed that MZADC induced autophagy inhibition in SH-SY5Y cells by activating the mTOR signaling pathway, resulting in a decrease in LC3II/LCI and Beclin-1, while increasing p-mTOR/mTOR, p62.

Conclusion
Consequently, this study suggests that MZADC triggers the mTOR pathway through oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells, ultimately leading to apoptosis. Understanding the toxicity mechanisms associated with ZADC can offer a valuable theoretical and experimental basis for its development and utilization.
Functional consequences of familial ALS‐associated SOD1L84F in neuronal and muscle cells
Authors: Verma Sagar , Vats Abhishek , Ahuja Vanshika , Vats Kavita , Khurana Shiffali , Vats Yuvraj , Gourie‐Devi Mandaville , Wajid Saima , Ganguly Nirmal Kumar , Chakraborti Pradip , Taneja Vibha 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive skeletal muscle denervation and loss of motor neurons that results in muscle atrophy and eventual death due to respiratory failure. Previously, we identified a novel SOD1L84F variation in a familial ALS case. In this study, we examined the functional consequences of SOD1L84F overexpression in the mouse motor neuron cell line (NSC‐34). The cells expressing SOD1L84F showed increased oxidative stress and increased cell death. Interestingly, SOD1L84F destabilized the native dimer and formed high molecular weight SDS‐resistant protein aggregates. Furthermore, SOD1L84F also decreased the percentage of differentiated cells and significantly reduced neurite length. A plethora of evidence suggested active involvement of skeletal muscle in disease initiation and progression. We observed differential processing of the mutant SOD1 and perturbations of cellular machinery in NSC‐34 and muscle cell line C2C12. Unlike neuronal cells, mutant protein failed to accumulate in muscle cells probably due to the activated autophagy, as evidenced by increased LC3‐II and reduced p62. Further, SOD1L84F altered mitochondrial dynamics only in NSC‐34. In addition, microarray analysis also revealed huge variations in differentially expressed genes between NSC‐34 and C2C12. Interestingly, SOD1L84F hampered the endogenous FUS autoregulatory mechanism in NSC‐34 by downregulating retention of introns 6 and 7 resulting in a two‐fold upregulation of FUS. No such changes were observed in C2C12. Our findings strongly suggest the differential processing and response towards the mutant SOD1 in neuronal and muscle cell lines.
Integrated causal inference modeling uncovers novel causal factors and potential therapeutic targets of Qingjin Yiqi granules for chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Li Junrong , Zhai Xiaobing , Liu Jixing , Lam Chi Kin , Meng Weiyu , Wang Yuefei , Li Shu , Wang Yapeng , Li Kefeng 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a prevalent symptom of post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is associated with unclear disease mechanisms. The herbal medicine Qingjin Yiqi granules (QJYQ) constitute a clinically approved formula for treating post-COVID-19; however, its potential as a drug target for treating CFS remains largely unknown. This study aimed to identify novel causal factors for CFS and elucidate the potential targets and pharmacological mechanisms of action of QJYQ in treating CFS.

Methods:
This prospective cohort analysis included 4,212 adults aged ≥65 years who were followed up for 7 years with 435 incident CFS cases. Causal modeling and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the potential causal determinants of CFS. A proteome-wide, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed to explore the proteins associated with the identified causal factors of CFS, which may serve as potential drug targets. Furthermore, we performed a virtual screening analysis to assess the binding affinity between the bioactive compounds in QJYQ and CFS-associated proteins.

Results:
Among 4,212 participants (47.5% men) with a median age of 69 years (interquartile range: 69–70 years) enrolled in 2004, 435 developed CFS by 2011. Causal graph analysis with multivariate logistic regression identified frequent cough (odds ratio: 1.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–2.63) and insomnia (odds ratio: 2.59, 95% CI: 1.77–3.79) as novel causal factors of CFS. Proteome-wide MR analysis revealed that the upregulation of endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule (ESAM) was causally linked to both chronic cough (odds ratio: 1.019, 95% CI: 1.012–1.026, P = 2.75 e−05) and insomnia (odds ratio: 1.015, 95% CI: 1.008–1.022, P = 4.40 e−08) in CFS. The major bioactive compounds of QJYQ, ginsenoside Rb2 (docking score: −6.03) and RG4 (docking score: −6.15), bound to ESAM with high affinity based on virtual screening.

Conclusions:
Our integrated analytical framework combining epidemiological, genetic, and in silico data provides a novel strategy for elucidating complex disease mechanisms, such as CFS, and informing models of action of traditional Chinese medicines, such as QJYQ. Further validation in animal models is warranted to confirm the potential pharmacological effects of QJYQ on ESAM and as a treatment for CFS.