bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast forward modeling of neutral beam injection and halo formation including full Balmer-α emission prediction at W7-X
Authors: Bannmann S. , Ford O. , Hoefel U. , Poloskei P. , Pavone A. , Kwak S. , Svensson J. , Lazerson S. , McNeely P. , Rust N. , Hartmann D. , Pasch E. , Fuchert G. , Wolf R.C. , the W7-X-Team the 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A full collisional-radiative (CR) neutral beam injection model based on Gaussian pencil (Gausscil) beams and a diffusive CR neutral halo model are presented. The halo is a neutral cloud around the neutral beam forming due to multiple charge exchange (CX) reactions. Both models do not rely on Monte-Carlo techniques and are thereby orders of magnitude faster than commonly used models. To model the neutral halo a system of coupled diffusion equations is solved numerically, enforcing mixed boundary conditions. From the equilibrium hydrogen neutral densities in the second excited energy state (n = 3), the Balmer-α emission intensity is calculated and the full spectrum is predicted, including effects as Doppler shifts and broadening due to the complex neutral beam geometry and the motional Stark effect (MSE) from the magnetic field. All forward models are implemented in the Minerva [1] Bayesian analysis framework to enable detailed multivariant inference from Balmer-α spectroscopy data. The modeled neutral beam and halo densities are successfully verified against calculations with a validated Monte-Carlo code for the W7-X beam and plasma geometry, especially proving the validity of the halo diffusion ansatz. A comparison of the predicted emission spectra with the experimental data proves the accuracy of the implemented model. All important parameters defining the neutral beams are inferred and compared to available reference values.
EXCASS system and Rock Mass Rating (RMR) classification for determining excavation method and tunnel support at Pelosika Dam Spillway Tunnel
Authors: Wisnuaji H , Setiawan H , Setiawan N I 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Pelosika dam spillway tunnel was designed to drainage flood discharge and prevent overtopping. In recent investigations, the rock mass classification has not been done specifically in the spillway tunnel. This research aims to obtain technical geological data and information to define excavation methods and tunnel support. For more comprehensive research, engineering geological investigations were carried out regarding the Geological Strength Index (GSI), selecting excavation methods using EXCASS system and Rock Mass Rating (RMR) for tunnel support. The geological mapping showed that the study site was composed of 2 lithological units: quartz muscovite phyllite and pebblely sand deposits. The GSI value in the tunnel is between 14-25, indicating poor and very poor quality. Adopting the EXCASS system, the optimum method of excavation (EPIopt) in the Pelosika dam spillway tunnel are ripper easy and digger. While RMR values of 9 – 25 are classified as poor quality. Consequently, the appropriate method for the excavation sequence is using the top heading and bench and multiple drifts. And the recommended support system is a systematic rock bolt with wire mesh and shotcrete in the crown and walls with medium to light steel rib.
Groundwater Facies in the South Parts of Tegal-Brebes Groundwater Basin
Authors: Puspita T R , Kuncoro D A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The southern part of the Tegal Brebes Groundwater Basin has various rock units originating from the volcanic activity of the Slamet Volcano. The groundwater interacts with these rocks and influences the hydrogeochemical process that may alter its chemical components. The objective of this research is to assess the relationship between groundwater chemistry facies and the rock aquifer. The finding of this research will help us better understand how hydrogeochemical processes work, perform thorough research, and determine the water quality. The groundwater characteristics are determined based on the chemical composition of the water taken from the citizen’s dug wells and springs. These samples were collected to represent a difference in rock’s formation, namely Linggopodo Formation, Tapak, and Slamet Undifferentiated Volcanic Rock. The analysis of the Piper diagram shows that all the samples fall into one facies: the calcium bicarbonate type (Ca-HCO3). The groundwater’s physical and chemical properties in the study area indicate that groundwater quality has not interacted much with lithology and is still greatly influenced by meteoric water. The groundwater facies are dominated by the Ca-HCO3, a characteristic of shallow groundwater and local water flow systems.
The handling of tunnel collapse and settlement (case study: Jragung Dam diversion tunnel, Indonesia)
Authors: Fitriyantina Laela 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A diversion tunnel is a crucial part of dam construction because of its function to derivate the river during earth dam filling works. The Jragung Dam diversion tunnel is located in the Kalibeng Formation, which is dominated by claystone and sandstone lithology, and passed by an anticline fold structure. The geological conditions provide challenges in tunnel construction. The collapse of rock material in the tunnel overburden and settlement on the slopes hill requires a comprehensive approach and handling by prioritizing factors of safety, cost efficiency, and speed of time. Field observation including rock mass quality analysis, reviewing the design, also monitoring of discharge and deformation was conducted to find the source of collapse. The groundwater flow and deformed soft rock were accused of being the tunnel collapse determinant. The rock mass improvements used pore-filling of sodium silicate mixture and fore-polling. Then dewatering was carried out using drainage pipes and deep wells. Because of the steep rock’s dip in the tunnel, the release wells and observation wells location need to design effectively. Geoelectric investigations correlated with bore log analysis aimed to find effective locations for groundwater control. The settlement was refilled with plastic concrete because of its lightweight and durability.
Characterization of Metapelite and Metasiltstone as Uranium-REE hosted rocks in Rirang Area, West Kalimantan
Authors: Farrenzo R A , Nugraheni R D , Sukadana I G , Indrastomo F D , Adimedha T B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Rirang River, Kalan, West Kalimantan has U and REE resources in the form of mineralization found at the intercalation of metapelite and metasiltstone. However, there are only a few studies about the characterization of U and REE-bearing host rocks in Indonesia. Determining the geological influence of the metasedimentary rock on the mineralization of U and REE is crucial. Thus, the characterization of metapelite and metasiltstone has been substantiated in this study to reveal the potency of the host rock in hosting the U and REE. Petrographic, micro-XRF, and AMICS methods were used to conduct mineralogical analysis. These two rocks share a mineral composition that includes clay minerals, hydrothermal alteration products, and several minerals that indicate metamorphism processes. The foliation structure with a spotted shale texture further indicates the metamorphism process in metapelite and metasiltstone. REE and trace elements associated with U are constituents of clay minerals such as wonesite, staurolite, montmorillonite, chlorite, illite, and kaolinite. The geochemical properties of metapelite and metasiltstone suggest that REE mineralization and trace elements associated with U come from hydrothermal alteration processes.
Performance of Regional Economic in East Kalimantan: Leading Sector of Export-Import Commodities in 2019-2020
Authors: Kusuma R W , Farhan R , Budiman S , Kusumawati S , Hayyati A S , Putri R F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Industrial sector has an important role in encouraging the activities of economic sectors, such as trade, transportation, and the service sector. Industrial sector can increase the foreign exchange of a country in large amounts. The existence of industry is related to population distribution and economic growth. Commodities of a regional area are utilized in international trade to improve welfare of the society. International trade is required in economic importance because the whole countries need each other. This research aims to analyze the performance of regional economics in East Kalimantan Province. The used methods were LQ calculation and the amount of export-import in 2019 – 2020. The calculation is based on pre- and post-Covid-19 pandemic. The LQ of the industrial sector ranged from 0,32 – 6,92 with the highest LQ was coal and oil-gas refining industry. It was the leading sector in East Kalimantan Provinsi because their LQ was above 1. The advantages of East Kalimantan Province are supported by the prime commodity in the form of “other coal, whether or not pulverized but not agglomerated”, even though it experienced a decline in 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic.
Service Area Analysis of Primary Health Facilities in Yogyakarta Urban Area
Authors: Sadali Mohammad Isnaini , Rijanta Raden , Mutaali Lutfi , Kurniawan Andri , Setianingsih Dewi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The National Health Insurance System in Indonesia was started in 2014 with the hope that the community would have equal access rights (equity) to health care facilities. The distribution of health facilities in Yogyakarta Urban Area administratively has met the minimum standards specified by SNI 03-1733-2004 and Government Regulation no. 47 of 2016, i.e. one sub-district has at least one Puskesmas. However, the location of existing health facilities needs to be analyzed spatially, because they have various ranges (distance and service area), so that they can affect access and utilization. The purpose of this research is to map the distribution of Primary Health Facilities and analyze the range of services. This study uses quantitative research methods, with secondary data and spatial data as the main data. Quantitative analysis in this study consists of crosstab analysis of attribute data and spatial modeling. The analysis was carried out descriptively to explain each research objective. The results of the study indicate that the distribution of Primary Health Facilities in Yogyakarta Urban Area tends to cluster in Yogyakarta City and Sleman Regency. However, the range of services from health facilities has been able to cover the Yogyakarta Urban Area.
Determination of River Border Width at the Manikin River in Kupang Regency, Nusa Tenggara Timur Province
Authors: Manubulu Christiani Chandra , Suni Yulius Patrisius Kau , Costa Don Gaspar Da 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
River Border Lines was made and determined so that there some efforts were made for the protection, use and control of existing resources in the river. One of the river segments that are prioritized for determining river border lines is a river section adjacent to or within a developing area, one of which is the Manikin River in Kupang Regency, which is currently under construction of the Tefmo Dam which is targeted to be completed by the end of 2022. Therefore, in the future, of course, area around the weir will experience great pressure on land use which can have an impact on the function of the river due to developing community activities. The purpose of this study is to determine the width of the river border on the Manikin River. The length of the river segment where the width of the border line will be determined is 10 km from the Manikin weir to the downstream of the river. The results of this study are to obtain the width of the Manikin river border and get an overview of the location around the Manikin River about land conditions and functions, facilities and utilities that are included in the border area.
Analysis of the Amount of Filling and Emptying Time Communal Rainwater Harvesting Tank (RWH)
Authors: Kurniawan A , Maryono A , Sembada P T S , Jayatri F N M , Onerio R T , Abieza T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Utilization of stagnant water storage tanks in Banjararum Village, Kalibawang District, Kulon Progo Regency with a total of 23 units needs to be optimized by using them as communal rainwater harvesting (RWH). The amount of time for filling and emptying the tank is an important aspect to be able to optimize rainwater used for daily needs. The aims of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the use of Communal PAHs applied in the community. This is analyzed through several stages, including determining the planning location unit, analyzing hydrological characteristics and analyzing the flow rate and duration of filling and emptying the tank using the Prandtl-Colebrook formula and the Bernoulli formula. Researchers took samples in Dusun Kisik by optimizing 2 roofs that can distribute rainwater of 27.09 m3/week for roof 1 and 27.19 m3/week for roof 2. Assuming 6 people live around the tank who use water storage every day, then the communal PAH can supply 3,000 liters within 52 minutes while the emptying process for distribution to other media takes 69 minutes. This difference is due to the different dimensions of the inlet pipe and outlet pipe. So that the effectiveness of the use of Communal PAHs applied in the community can be one of the recommendations in the provision of sustainable clean water.
GIS Based Monitoring of Critical Area Upstream Watershed of PB. Soedirman Reservoir, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Khidzir A. R. , Setyawan C. , Susanto S. , Zaki M. K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUpstream watershed has an important role as a conservation area to protect environmental functions for life. The damage of upstream watersheds causes various environmental problems such as soil erosion, landslides, river sedimentation, flooding, and others. Monitoring of upstream watersheds is important to control potential environmental damage. This study used a geographic information system (GIS) for monitoring the critical area upstream of the study site. The aim of this study is to identify critical areas in the watershed by using GIS. Six indicators presented in raster maps such as annual rainfall, soil type, land use type, land slope, population density, and water quality were used to determine the critical area. These indicators were then quantitatively analyzed by using spatial analysis tools of Arc GIS 10.6. Five classes of the critical category were used in this study namely very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. The result showed that 61.74% of the study site was covered by a low class of critical areas. Meanwhile, 37.89% and 0.36% of the study site were covered by moderate and high class critical areas, respectively. Areas with moderate and high class critical areas were found in the eastern part of the study site. The findings of this study provide a reference for determining priority areas for conservation planning.
Groundwater Conditions and Springs Potency for Domestic Requirement in Klaten and Banggai Kepulauan Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Tuyu Krisman 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
At present, sustainable management of water resources has become a major issue for the world community. In water management efforts, potency assessment becomes an important thing. The purpose of this study is to analyze the availability of ground water and water from springs both qualitatively and quantitatively and evaluate their potency for domestic. To determine the groundwater conditions in the research area, a qualitative descriptive analysis was carried out based on geological and hydrogeological data. To determine the potency of the springs, a quantitative descriptive analysis was carried out with the help of tables and diagrams. The potency for springs is calculated based on the discharge data of all springs contained in each district in relation to water for domestic purposes. The results showed that Kebonarum District has very good groundwater availability because it is located in an area of unconsolidated rock between mountains. In South Tinangkung District, groundwater conditions are not good. Groundwater is generally found in cracks or rock fractures. From the calculation results, it is known that the total spring discharge in Kebonarum District is 9,870,768 m3/year, while the spring discharge in South Tinangkung District is 64,144,224 m3/year. With the water in Kebonarum District is 915,858 m3/year and in South Tinangkung Sub District is 355,393 m3/year, the potency of water from springs in these two districts is sufficient to be used as a water source for domestic.
Physico-chemical properties and stable isotope composition of springwater in Leuwisari subdistrict and surrounding, Tasikmalaya, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Fadillah S , Kuncoro D A , Priandani F 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSprings are a crucial source of water supply in quarternary volcanic environments, such as Galunggung Volcano in Tasikmalaya Regency, yet their quality and relationships remain poorly defined. Physicochemical properties and stable isotopes of hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) were used to examine springwater’s eligibility as drinking water sources, assess the connectivity among springs and surface water, and evaluate the origin of groundwater resources. Compared with WHO standards, the springwater samples met the criteria for drinking water eligibility. Eight springs assessed are expected to originate from an unconfined aquifer actively recharging. The isotopic data indicate little or no influence of direct recharge from the rivers on this aquifer. These isotope data, integrated with available information on physical hydrogeology and water chemistry, will be used to identify and define the spring recharge and protection zones.
Spatial Study of Population Pressure on the Carrying Capacity of Rice Field Agricultural Land in Bantul Regency
Authors: Setyawati Tri Utami 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Bantul Regency has experienced high regional development and population growth. In the north, it is directly adjacent to the city of Yogyakarta, experiencing more rapid regional development, and has the potential to exceed the carrying capacity of agricultural land, especially rice fields. Based on this problem, this study’s objectives are to determine the spatial variation of the carrying capacity of agricultural land and population pressure on agricultural land in the Bantul Regency. This research uses a quantitative descriptive method and secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (2014-2019). The value of the carrying capacity of rice farming in the Bantul Regency is divided into Class I and Class III. Districts with a class I land carrying capacity can be self-sufficient in food and have no population pressure on agricultural land in eight sub-districts. On the other hand, there are seven sub-districts in class III that have not been able to be self-sufficient in food and have experienced population pressure on agricultural land, especially on the outskirts of Yogyakarta, including Banguntapan, Sewon, and Kasihan sub-districts. The value of the carrying capacity of agricultural land can affect the ability to be self-sufficient in rice food in Bantul Regency.
Hydrography and turbulent mixing in the Banda Sea inferred from Argo profiles
Authors: Purwandana A , Ismail M F A , Nugroho D , Atmadipoera A S , Kampono I 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Two Argo floats circulating in the Banda Sea from July 2017 until April 2019 were analysed to inspect the hydrography and vertical mixing properties. The maximum intrusion of Pacific thermocline and intermediate layers in the Banda Sea were identified during the Southeast Monsoon period with high temporal variability in the mixed layer (<100 m), where fresher and warmer waters are maximum during the transition season, from Northwest to Southeast Monsoon months. The monsoonal variability was also featured by the signature of downwelling and upwelling events, respectively. The upwelling rate of the colder water, isotherm 27° C, from 100 m to 10 m depth is ∼0.7 m day−1, from March to June 2018. The thickening of mixed layer occurred during the Northwest Monsoon months. The monsoonal gyre exists in the Banda Sea as shown by Argo floats trajectory. The highest rate of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation and vertical diffusivity of >10−8 m2 s−3 and [10−5–10−4] m2 s−1, respectively, were observed in the mixed layer and thermocline layer, with the decreasing trend deeper. The dissipation rate and diffusivity are comparable to previous direct estimates and models, suggesting the potential use of Argo float datasets to quantify vertical mixing in the future.
Coastline change detection using high-resolution satellite images: a case study in Amurang Coasts, South Minahasa, North Sulawesi
Authors: Hastuti A W , Ismail N P , Nagai M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Coastal dynamics have become an intriguing subject for observation due to their constant alteration. Coastline alteration involves natural factors and human interventions, including land reclamation. The land reclamation process can result in an extreme change in coastal dynamics in the area. Amurang, South Minahasa, is an example of coastal area exploitation. Amurang coasts have undergone physical changes in the last decade, which induced alteration in the coastal balance of erosion and accretion of the area. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of coastline changes in Amurang, South Minahasa, and North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Remote sensing methods using time series data of PlanetScope ortho-tile images have been involved in this study. The results revealed that from 2016 to 2022, the coastline changed with an erosion rate of 1.05 ha/year. Moreover, due to abrasion on June 15th, 2022, the Amurang coasts lost 3.97 ha of land. The construction of coastal protection (embankment) and land reclamation on the coasts has been observed in the study area. However, the embankment construction and land reclamation have altered coastal dynamics in Amurang, resulting in erosion in the east part. Therefore, coast construction requires accurate planning and calculation involving environmental impact assessment. Moreover, coastal protection cannot rely solely on the rigid structure. Coastal conservation involving the soft structure, such as mangrove vegetation and sediment nourishment by the river, should be considered. This study shows that inappropriate coastal construction can cause enormous damage and loss on the Amurang coasts.
Water pollution index based on physical-chemical parameters in Bojonegara Coastal Waters of Banten Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Adnina G. S. N. , Rastina  , Sulistiono  
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Water quality is crucial for the survival of organisms. The determination of water quality is important to estimate the status of water pollution. This study was conducted to estimate the status of water quality and water pollution index based on physical-chemical parameters in Bojonegara Coastal Waters. Water sampling were taken at six stations, were consisted river and section, in five months (January-February and August-October 2020). The results of the study was compared with water quality standards for biota based on the Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021; while pollution level was calculated according to Nemerow in Dec. Min. Environ. No 115 of 2003. The observation results of temperature (28.4-37.5°C), salinity (0-38 ppt), transparency (0.05-4.7 m), turbidity (1.1 -380 mg/l), TSS ( 0.7-415 mg/l), pH (6.63-8.2), DO (3.3-7.5 mg/l), nitrate (0.001-0.745 mg/l), and total phosphate (0.001 - 0.377 mg/l), indicated that some parameters were still below the quality standard while others were higher than the water quality standards (i.e. TSS, turbidity, nitrate, and total phosphate). Based on the pollution index, Bojonegara coastal waters were classified into light to moderate categories.