bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of nurse‐led care in supporting self‐management in patients with cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Lanfear Claire , Harding Sam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAims and objectivesTo determine the impact of nurse‐led follow‐up care supporting self‐management of people who have had or have cancer.BackgroundCancer care is evolving towards enabling people to self‐manage the impact of cancer, treatment and overall care on their quality of life (QoL), self‐efficacy and distress.DesignA systematic review following Joanna Briggs Institution (JBI) guidance and reported in accordance with the PRISMA statement was undertaken.MethodsFour databases were searched, OVID Medline, CINAHL, PsychINFO and Embase. Quantitative randomised control trials with people who have or have had cancer accessing nurse‐led care or nurse‐led intervention, undertaken within secondary care were included. Narrative synthesis was undertaken due to heterogeneity of measures used and time points of assessment.ResultsSeven papers were included in the final review, all meeting moderate to high‐quality appraisal. Only one study found an impact of nurse‐led care on all three factors under investigation, with a further two studies finding an effect on distress. The remaining studies did not find an impact of the intervention.ConclusionClinical Nurse Specialists are well placed to provide follow‐up care for people with cancer, but in relation to QoL, self‐efficacy and distress, there is limited evidence of effectiveness of nurse‐led interventions.Public or patient contributionThis systematic review did not have any public or patient contribution.Relevance to clinical practiceCancer care is moving to a chronic care, self‐management model. Clinical nurse specialists are well placed to innovate interventions that assist people with cancer to self‐manage.
Effects of the antipsychotic quetiapine on sleep and breathing: a review of clinical findings and potential mechanisms
Authors: Fauska Cricket , Bastiampillai Tarun , Adams Robert J. , Wittert Gary , Eckert Danny J. , Loffler Kelly A. 
Published: October 2023

SummaryQuetiapine is an antipsychotic medication indicated for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, quetiapine also has hypnotic properties and as such is increasingly being prescribed at low doses ‘off‐label’ in people with insomnia symptoms. Pharmacologically, in addition to its dopaminergic properties, quetiapine also modulates multiple other transmitter systems involved in sleep/wake modulation and potentially breathing. However, very little is known about the impact of quetiapine on obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), OSA endotypes including chemosensitivity, and control of breathing. Given that many people with insomnia also have undiagnosed OSA, it is important to understand the effects of quetiapine on OSA and its mechanisms. Accordingly, this concise review covers the existing knowledge on the effects of quetiapine on sleep and breathing. Further, we highlight the pharmacodynamics of quetiapine and its potential to alter key OSA endotypes to provide potential mechanistic insight. Finally, an agenda for future research priorities is proposed to fill the current key knowledge gaps.
Increased plasma DR‐70 (fibrinogen‐fibrin degradation products) concentrations as a diagnostic biomarker in dogs with neoplasms
Authors: Ke Chiao‐Hsu , Sio Ka‐Mei , Wu Chun‐Hung , Xia Yuan‐Yuan , Lee Jih‐Jong , Hu Chin‐Hao , Liu Cheng‐Chi , Lu Chueh‐Ling , Cheng Chiao‐Lei , Lin Keng‐Hsuan , Tomiyasu Hirotaka , Wang Yu‐Shan , Lin Chen‐Si 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundTumor biomarkers have used widely in clinical oncology in human medicine. Only a few studies have evaluated the clinical utility of tumor biomarkers for veterinary medicine. A test for fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products (DR‐70) has been proposed as an ideal biomarker for tumors in humans. The clinical value of DR‐70 for veterinary medicine however has yet to be determined.ObjectivesInvestigate the diagnostic value of DR‐70 concentrations by comparing them between healthy dogs and dogs with tumors.AnimalsTwo hundred sixty‐three dogs with different types of tumors were included. Sixty healthy dogs also were recruited for comparison.MethodsThe DR‐70 concentrations were measured in all recruited individuals by ELISA. Clinical conditions were categorized based on histopathology, cytology, ultrasound examination, radiology, clinical findings, and a combination of these tests.ResultsThe median concentration of DR‐70 was 2.130 ± 0.868 μg/mL in dogs with tumors, which was significantly higher than in healthy dogs (1.202 ± 0.610 μg/mL; P < .0001). With a cut‐off of 1.514 μg/mL, the sensitivity and specificity of DR‐70 were 84.03% and 78.33%, respectively. The area under curve was 0.883. The DR‐70 concentration can be an effective tumor biomarker in veterinary medicine.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIncreased DR‐70 concentrations were not affected by tumor type, sex, age, or body weight. However, in dogs with metastatic mast cell tumors and oral malignant melanoma, DR‐70 concentrations were significantly increased. Additional studies, including more dogs with nonneoplastic diseases, are needed to further evaluate the usefulness of DR‐70 as a tumor biomarker.
PPARβ/δ activation protects against hepatic ischaemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Qian Baolin , Wang Chaoqun , Li Xiaozhuang , Ma Panfei , Dong Liqian , Shen Benqiang , Wu Huibo , Li Nana , Kang Kai , Ma Yong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsHepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a pathophysiological process that occurs during the liver resection and transplantation. Reportedly, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) can ameliorate kidney and myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury. However, the effect of PPARβ/δ in HIRI remains unclear.MethodsMouse hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) models were constructed for in vivo study. Primary hepatocytes and Kupffer cells (KCs) isolated from mice and cell anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) injury model were constructed for in vitro study. Liver injury and inflammation were investigated. Small molecular compounds (GW0742 and GSK0660) and adenoviruses were used to interfere with PPARβ/δ.ResultsWe found that PPARβ/δ expression was increased in the I/R and A/R models. Overexpression of PPARβ/δ in hepatocytes alleviated A/R‐induced cell apoptosis, while knockdown of PPARβ/δ in hepatocytes aggravated A/R injury. Activation of PPARβ/δ by GW0742 protected against I/R‐induced liver damage, inflammation and cell death, whereas inhibition of PPARβ/δ by GSK0660 had the opposite effects. Consistent results were obtained in mouse I/R models through the tail vein injection of adenovirus‐mediated PPARβ/δ overexpression or knockdown vectors. Furthermore, knockdown and overexpression of PPARβ/δ in KCs aggravated and ameliorated A/R‐induced hepatocyte injury, respectively. Gene ontology and gene set enrichment analysis showed that PPARβ/δ deletion was significantly enriched in the NF–κB pathway. PPARβ/δ inhibited the expression of p‐IKBα and p‐P65 and decreased NF–κB activity.ConclusionsPPARβ/δ exerts anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic effects on HIRI by inhibiting the NF–κB pathway, and hepatocytes and KCs may play a synergistic role in this phenomenon. Thus, PPARβ/δ is a potential therapeutic target for HIRI.
Gastrointestinal cancers in lean individuals with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Souza Matheus , Diaz Ivanna , Barchetta Ilaria , Mantovani Alessandro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground & AimsObesity and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are known risk factors for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. However, GI carcinogenesis in lean NAFLD patients remains unclear. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to investigate the association between lean NAFLD and GI cancer risk.MethodsPubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched (from inception date to April 2023) for cohort studies assessing GI cancers in lean (body mass index [BMI] < 25 kg/m2 or < 23 kg/m2 in Asians) and non‐lean (BMI ≥25 kg/m2 or ≥ 23 kg/m2 in Asians) NAFLD individuals. Data from eligible studies were extracted, and meta‐analysis was carried out using a random effects model to obtain risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses, meta‐regressions and sensitivity analyses were also performed. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023420902).ResultsEight studies with 56,745 NAFLD individuals (11% were lean) and 704 cases of incident GI cancers were included. Lean NAFLD was associated with higher risk of hepatic (RR 1.77, 95% CI 1.15–2.73), pancreatic (RR 1.97, 95% CI 1.01–3.86) and colorectal cancers (RR 1.53, 95% CI 1.12–2.09), compared to non‐lean NAFLD. No significant differences were observed for oesophagus, gastric, biliary and small intestine cancers.ConclusionsThis study shows that lean NAFLD patients have an increased risk of liver, pancreatic and colorectal cancers compared to non‐lean NAFLD patients, emphasizing the need to explore tailored cancer prevention strategies for this specific patient group. Further research is required to explore the mechanisms underlying the association between lean NAFLD and specific GI cancers.
Effect of urbanization and parasitism on the gut microbiota of Darwin's finch nestlings
Authors: Solomon Gabrielle , Love Ashley C. , Vaziri Grace J. , Harvey Johanna , Verrett Taylor , Chernicky Kiley , Simons Shelby , Albert Lauren , Chaves Jaime A. , Knutie Sarah A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHost‐associated microbiota can be affected by factors related to environmental change, such as urbanization and invasive species. For example, urban areas often affect food availability for animals, which can change their gut microbiota. Invasive parasites can also influence microbiota through competition or indirectly through a change in the host immune response. These interacting factors can have complex effects on host fitness, but few studies have disentangled the relationship between urbanization and parasitism on an organism's gut microbiota. To address this gap in knowledge, we investigated the effects of urbanization and parasitism by the invasive avian vampire fly (Philornis downsi) on the gut microbiota of nestling small ground finches (Geospiza fuliginosa) on San Cristóbal Island, Galápagos. We conducted a factorial study in which we experimentally manipulated parasite presence in an urban and nonurban area. Faeces were then collected from nestlings to characterize the gut microbiota (i.e. bacterial diversity and community composition). Although we did not find an interactive effect of urbanization and parasitism on the microbiota, we did find main effects of each variable. We found that urban nestlings had lower bacterial diversity and different relative abundances of taxa compared to nonurban nestlings, which could be mediated by introduction of the microbiota of the food items or changes in host physiology. Additionally, parasitized nestlings had lower bacterial richness than nonparasitized nestlings, which could be mediated by a change in the immune system. Overall, this study advances our understanding of the complex effects of anthropogenic stressors on the gut microbiota of birds.
Early‐life telomeres are influenced by environments acting at multiple temporal and spatial scales
Authors: Westneat David F. , Young Rebecca C. , Cones Alexandra G. , Kucera Aurelia C. , Anacleto Angelo , Heidinger Britt J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn individual's telomere length early in life may reflect or contribute to key life‐history processes sensitive to environmental variation. Yet, the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors in shaping early‐life telomere length is not well understood as it requires samples collected from multiple generations with known developmental histories. We used a confirmed pedigree and conducted an animal model analysis of telomere lengths obtained from nestling house sparrows (Passer domesticus) sampled over a span of 22 years. We found significant additive genetic variation for early‐life telomere length, but it comprised a small proportion (9%) of the total biological variation. Three sources of environmental variation were important: among cohorts, among‐breeding attempts within years, and among nestmates. The magnitude of variation among breeding attempts and among nestmates also differed by cohort, suggesting that interactive effects of environmental factors across time or spatial scales were important, yet we were unable to identify the specific causes of these interactions. The mean amount of precipitation during the breeding season positively predicted telomere length, but neither weather during a given breeding attempt nor date in the breeding season contributed to an offspring's telomere length. At the level of individual nestlings, offspring sex, size and mass at 10 days of age also did not predict telomere length. Environmental effects appear especially important in shaping early‐life telomere length in some species, and more focus on how environmental factors that interact across scales may help to explain some of the variation observed among studies.
Demography‐driven and adaptive introgression in a hybrid zone of the Armeria syngameon
Authors: Villa‐Machío Irene , Heuertz Myriam , Álvarez Inés , Nieto Feliner Gonzalo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSyngameons represent networks of otherwise distinct species connected by limited gene exchange. Although most studies have focused on how species maintain their cohesiveness despite gene flow, there are additional relevant questions regarding the evolutionary dynamics of syngameons and their drivers, as well as the success of their members and the network as a whole. Using a ddRADseq approach, we analysed the genetic structure, genomic clines and demographic history of a coastal hybrid zone involving two species of the Armeria (Plumbaginaceae) syngameon in southern Spain. We inferred that a peripheral population of the sand dune‐adapted A. pungens diverged from the rest of the conspecific populations and subsequently hybridized with a locally more abundant pinewood congener, A. macrophylla. Both species display extensive plastid DNA haplotype sharing. Genomic cline analysis identified bidirectional introgression, but more outlier loci with excess A. pungens than A. macrophylla ancestry, suggesting the possibility of selection for A. pungens alleles. This is consistent with the finding that the A. pungens phenotype is selected for in open habitats, and with the strong correlation found between ancestry and phenotype. Taken together, our analyses suggest an intriguing scenario in which bidirectional introgression may, on the one hand, help to avoid reduced levels of genetic diversity due to the small size and isolated location of the A. pungens range‐edge population, thereby minimizing demographic risks of stochastic extinction. On the other hand, the data also suggest that introgression into A. macrophylla may allow individuals to grow in open, highly irradiated, deep sandy, salt‐exposed habitats.
Reproductive parameters of Bering‐Chukchi‐Beaufort Seas bowhead whales
Authors: George John C. Craig , Givens Geof H. , Horstmann Lara , Suydam Robert , Scheimreif Kayla , Stimmelmayr Raphaela , Sheffield Gay , Sformo Todd L. , Person Brian , Von Duyke Andrew , Sousa Leandra , Frantz Rita M. , Tarpley Raymond 
Published: October 2023

AbstractData from Bering‐Chukchi‐Beaufort Seas bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus), harvested during 1973–2021 by aboriginal subsistence hunters, were used to estimate reproductive parameters: length at sexual maturity (LSM), age at sexual maturity (ASM), pregnancy rate (PR), and calving interval. Sexual maturity (N = 187 females) was determined from the presence/absence of corpora in the ovaries, or a fetus. Using sampling bias‐corrected logistic regression, LSM was estimated at 13.5 m, 95% CI [13.0, 13.8]. There was a downward trend in LSM over time, statistically significant with one method but marginal with another. A growth model translated this estimate to an ASM estimate of 23.5 years, 95% CI [20.4, 26.7]. Pregnancy rate was determined from mature females (N = 125), and from a subset limited to certain autumn‐caught whales (n = 37) to reduce bias. The PR was estimated at 0.46 globally, 95% CI [0.36, 0.55] and 0.38 for the autumn sample, 95% CI [0.20, 0.51]. Both estimated PRs are consistent with a 3‐year calving interval, because the larger estimate includes two cohorts of pregnant whales harvested in spring, and bowhead whale gestation is longer than 12 months. These analyses represent the most conclusive empirical estimates of ASM, LSM, and PR for this bowhead whale stock from the largest available data sets to date.
Language of Form, Form of Language, and the Poetic Christ
Authors: Venard Olivier‐Thomas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis essay begins with a phenomenological outline of the interchangeability of the terms ‘form’ and ‘matter’, and the transitivity of their relationship in metaphysics and aesthetics, when placed in the context of linguistic deconstruction. It then argues for an operative, rather than resultative, approach to ‘form’, pointing out that in a created cosmos created minds only ever approach substantial (metaphysical) forms by making use of language, i.e. by inventing linguistic forms. From there, the argument turns to the special language of the Scriptures, when read both in their historical relativity and as vehicles of the transcendent divine Word, and explores the analogy between the paradoxes of the matter‐form pair and several features of the Scriptures, such as the Möbius strip‐like enunciative structure, in which human and divine voices are reciprocally interwoven. Christ, the principle of the unity of the divine and human voices of the Scriptures, appears as the source of all the analogical instances of the transitivity and reversibility of form‐matter duality. Even more profoundly than his restoration of the signum, Christ re‐establishes ‘form’ in its interaction with ‘matter’.
Comparing emollient use with topical luliconazole (azole) in the maintenance of remission of chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis. An open‐label, randomized prospective active‐controlled non‐inferiority study
Authors: Pathania Yashdeep Singh , CDS Katoch , Kumar Ashok 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundLiterature on emollient use in the management of chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis is limited.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of emollient in the remission maintenance of chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis.MethodsIn this randomized open‐label study with the intention to treat, 80 patients with chronic recurrent dermatophytosis were randomized into two groups, where both groups were treated adequately for 6 weeks, followed by continuation of topical azole in group A and topical emollient in group B for 6 weeks. Clinical remission was determined by disappearance signs and symptoms of tinea lesions with or without hyperpigmentation. Physician and patient global assessment scores were evaluated every 2 weeks for 6 weeks to assess remission maintenance.ResultsA total of 80 patients of chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis were assessed for remission maintenance. The recurrence of disease occurred in 20 patients overall, wherein 7 patients (17.5%) in group A and 13 patients (32.5%) in group B at the end of the study (18 weeks); however, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (p = .121). The mean physician global assessment scores of group A and group B at 12 weeks were 4.45 ± 0.74 and 4.15 ± 0.92, 4.43 ± 0.90 and 4.10 ± 0.98 at 14 weeks, 4.0 ± 1.32 and 3.98 ± 1.23 at 16 weeks, 3.85 ± 1.44 and 3.90 ± 1.35 at 18 weeks, respectively. The mean patient global assessment scores of group A and group B were 4.65 ± 0.62 and 4.25 ± 0.87 at 12 weeks, 4.40 ± 0.87 and 4.17 ± 0.98 at 14 weeks, 4.18 ± 1.15 and 4.12 ± 1.30 at 16 weeks and 3.97 ± 1.33 and 3.90 ± 1.51 at 18 weeks.ConclusionThe present study concludes that the efficacy of emollient was not inferior to topical luliconazole for maintaining remission in chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis.
Contribution to the study of inflammasome and programmed cell death in paracoccidioidomycosis oral lesions
Authors: Pagliari Carla , Kanashiro‐Galo Luciane , Sotto Mirian Nacagami 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundParacoccidioidomycosis is the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America, with a high incidence in Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela, and constitutes a serious public health problem, a frequent cause of morbidity and disability for work. Some mechanisms of cell death are described as important tools in infectious processes. When apoptosis is blocked, RIPK (Receptor‐interacting protein kinase) 3 dependent, a caspase‐independent form of cell death, can limit the replication and spread of pathogens. Some molecules that mediate necroptosis include RIPK3 and have been extensively studied due to their signalling mechanism and pathological function. RIPK3 activates NLRP1 and NLRP3‐mediated inflammasome formation. Caspase‐1 has an important role in processing the cytokines ILβ and IL18 to their active form. Such molecules are part of the inflammasome characterization, whose caspase‐1‐dependent activation promotes the death of pyroptotic cells and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Knowledge about the mechanisms of pathogen‐mediated cell death can be useful for understanding of the pathogenesis of infections and inflammatory conditions.ObjectiveThe objective of this work was to identify the mechanisms of programmed cell death and inflammasome components in human oral mucosal lesions of paracoccidioidomycosis through immunohistochemical methods and identification of RIPK‐3, IL1β, IL18, NLRP‐1 and caspase‐1. Thirty specimens were included, and a histopathological analysis of the lesions was performed using haematoxylin–eosin staining.ResultsOur results on in situ expression of inflammasome elements and programmed cell death showed increased expression of IL‐1β, NLRP‐1, caspase‐1 and RIPK‐3. We suggest that inflammasome complex participate in the immunopathogenesis in paracoccidioidomycosis oral lesions in an interplay with RIPK3.
Musicianship and the masteries of the stars: music and musicians in the Liber Nativitatum
Authors: Doyle Oliver 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article shines a light on the musical contents of a “book of births”, the Liber Nativitatum or Albubather, written by the Persian Astrologer Abu Bakr al‐Hassan ibn al‐Khasib in the ninth century, translated into Latin at the beginning of the thirteenth century, and published in Venice in 1501. “Books of births” served to show how an individual's fortune and personal traits could be ascertained from the position of the celestial bodies throughout the individual's gestation period. A significant portion of these traits pertain to loquacity, hearing, musical skill and the likelihood of a musical profession. Thanks to the connotations each celestial body bore – positive and negative – and the traits they are described as imparting, the Liber Nativitatum makes it possible to identify the skills and traits requisite for good musical performance, as well as those traits which might inhibit it.