bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UVB phototherapy and skin cancer risk: a review of the literature
Authors: Lee Ernest , Koo John , Berger Tim 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackground  UVB phototherapy is a common treatment modality for psoriasis and other skin diseases. Although UVB has been in use for many decades, many clinicians are hesitant to use this type of phototherapy because of concern over increasing the skin cancer risk. Over the past 20 years, numerous studies have been published examining this issue, but a consensus or analysis of the skin cancer risk is required for the dermatologist to make an educated risk–benefit analysis.Objective  To assess the risk of skin cancer associated with UVB phototherapy.Methods  All prospective or retrospective studies were identified in MEDLINE from 1966 to June 2002. Bibliographies were searched to identify any additional studies examining this issue. All studies that attempted to quantify or qualify any additional skin cancer risk from UVB phototherapy were included. Study selection was performed by two independent reviewers.Results  Eleven studies (10 of which concerned psoriasis patients), involving approximately 3400 participants, were included. Of note, three of the studies involved the same cohort: members of the 16‐center US Psoralen plus UVA (PUVA) Follow‐up Study. Other than the most recent Finnish study, all studies eventually showed no increased skin cancer risk with UVB phototherapy. One of the PUVA cohort studies examined genital skin cancers, and found an increased rate of genital tumors associated with UVB phototherapy, although this study has not been duplicated.Conclusion  The evidence suggests that UVB phototherapy remains a very safe treatment modality.
Basaloid follicular hamartoma
Authors: El‐Darouti Mohammad A. , Marzouk Salonas A. , Abdel‐Halim Mona R. E. , Zidan Anoud Z. , Fawzy Marwa M. 
Published: May 2005

Basaloid follicular hamartoma (BFH) is a unique benign follicular hamartoma characterized by variable clinical presentations, identical histologic features and possible associations with numerous disorders.Basaloid follicular hamartoma may be hereditary or acquired. Hereditary cases may be either generalized or unilateral nevoid. Although the generalized forms are usually associated with systemic manifestations, such as myasthenia gravis,2 it may occasionally present without internal disorders. On the other hand, the acquired forms of BFH may present in the form of localized or solitary forms.Herein we present four cases of BFH, one of them (first case) represents a unique form of the generalized variant of BFH, showing no associated internal disorders.
Scar sarcoidosis after hyaluronic acid injection
Authors: Dal Sacco D. , Cozzani E. , Parodi Aurora , Rebora A. 
Published: May 2005

A 54‐year‐old woman presented with a 5‐month history of tender nodules in both nasolabial folds that had developed 4 months after the injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) (Restylane®) for wrinkles. The patient was treated with 1.5 mg/day betamethasone for 6 days and her lesions disappeared within 1 week. About 8 days after stopping therapy, however, new nodules developed at the same site, on previously healthy buttocks, and on old scars.On examination, nodules of about 0.5–1 cm in size were palpable at the nasolabial folds, and red nodules were present on the buttocks (Fig. 1) and on two old scars. Laboratory tests disclosed an increased protein C reaction (7.9 mg/L; normal value, < 5 mg/L) and acetyl‐converting enzyme test (14.5 U/L; normal value, < 9 U/L). A chest X‐ray was normal. Lung function tests showed a decreased lung CO diffusion, and chest axial tomography disclosed fibrosis, increased parenchyma density, and calcifications, findings suggestive of a diagnosis of lung sarcoidosis. An X‐ray of the hands showed some bone cysts. Interestingly, two granulomatous lesions were observed at the sites of venipuncture.Red nodule at the gluteiimageHistology of a gluteal lesion biopsy showed a deep granuloma with epithelioid and Langhans cells in the absence of necrobiosis. Sarcoidosis was diagnosed and the patient was given 50 mg/day prednisone with clear clinical improvement of cutaneous lesions in about 6 months. Decreased parenchyma density was also observed by chest axial tomography.
Acrokeratoelastoidosis
Authors: Tsai Salina , Kageyama Nicole , Warthan Mandy , Cockerell Clay J. 
Published: May 2005

A 45‐year‐old white woman presented with several years’ history of firm, shiny papules on the lateral hands with slight extension to the dorsal fingers. The lesions first appeared between the index fingers and thumbs on both hands. They gradually increased in number, coalescing into plaques and affecting the junction between the palmar and dorsal skin. The patient did not have involvement of her feet. She had been diagnosed previously with chronic eczema that had failed to respond to multiple topical medications. In addition, the patient's sister had similar lesions on both hands. The patient denied any symptoms of hyperhidrosis, excessive sun exposure, or trauma. The plaques were asymptomatic, but were cosmetically unappealing to the patient.On physical examination, small, firm, skin‐colored, hyperkeratotic papules, coalescing into plaques, were located on the junction between the palmar and dorsal skin on both lateral margins of the thumb and on the radial side of the index finger (Fig. 1). There were no lesions on the feet.Small, firm, skin‐colored, hyperkeratotic papules, coalescing into plaques, seen on the right medial hand show the characteristic changes of acrokeratoelastoidosisimageA biopsy taken from a papule on the patient's left hand was consistent histologically with acrokeratoelastoidosis. The biopsy showed marked degeneration of collagen in the dermis with solar elastosis and some smudging of the papillary dermal collagen (Fig. 2).Hematoxylin and eosin stain from a biopsy of the right medial hand shows marked degeneration of collagen in the dermis with solar elastosis and some smudging of the papillary dermal collagen (× 4)imageShe was treated with clobetasone cream to the affected areas on the hands. After 6 weeks of treatment, she reported no significant improvement.
Tinea capitis mimicking dissecting cellulitis: a distinct variant
Authors: Twersky Joy M. , Sheth Anita P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackground  Tinea capitis is a common scalp dermatosis with several clinical patterns. Only two patients with a presentation of tinea capitis mimicking dissecting cellulitis have been described in the English literature.Observation  We report a patient with tinea capitis mimicking dissecting cellulitis who did not respond to griseofulvin therapy at 16 mg/kg/day but eventually cleared after a protracted course of higher dose griseofulvin.Conclusion  Recognition of a dissecting cellulitis‐like pattern of tinea capitis will increase clinical suspicion and avoid inappropriate management of a recalcitrant “dissecting cellulitis” in favor of prompt antifungal therapy of appropriate dosage and duration for patients with this unusual variant of tinea capitis.
Skin diseases highlighting essential global public health priorities
Authors: Morrone Aldo , Toma Luigi , Franco Gennaro 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWhich are the essential global public health activities that should be carried out in order to attain the largest impact on poverty reduction and health improvement in the world? Since its foundation in 2001 the Human Mobile Population Committee (HMPC) has continued to devote its efforts to finding answers to this question, with a particular focus on the skin diseases of the Human Mobile Population (HMP) and other groups of disadvantaged people.In this article we present the model of socio‐sanitary activity in the field of Migration, Poverty and Health of the Department of Preventive Medicine of Migration, Tourism and Tropical Dermatology (Dept.) at San Gallicano Institute – Research Institute for Hospitalization and Treatment (IRCCS) – in Rome (Italy).The activities of this dermatological centre are in the spirit of the HMPC's aims and we are of the opinion that this model is not only ethically valid, but also practically and economically convenient, and that there is evidence that our experience is worth repeating, in as many situations as possible, in the interest of public health.
Effect of topical corticosteroid application frequency on histamine‐induced wheals
Authors: Narasimha Sharma K. , Srinivas C. R. , Mathew Anil C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackground  Very few studies have been conducted to assess the effect of corticosteroid application frequency to attain maximum benefit with minimum side‐effects.Objectives  Compare the efficacy of twice‐daily, once‐daily and alternate‐day applications of clobetasol propionate (0.05%) and compare whether an initial once‐daily application followed by a subsequent alternate‐day application is as effective as a once‐daily application.Methods  The ability of corticosteroids to suppress histamine‐induced wheals on human skin was used as a human bioassay model. Of the 26 subjects included, 21 completed the 1st phase. In the 2nd phase, 11 subjects were included and all completed the study.Four sites were chosen on the left forearm. Clobetasol propionate (0.05%) was applied twice daily, once daily, and on alternate days, and on the control site a color, texture and odour‐matched vehicle was applied. Prick test with histamine was carried out after 10 days. In the 2nd phase, clobetasol propionate (0.05%) was applied once daily for 14 days and compared with the initial once daily for 7 days and the subsequent alternate‐day application for 7 days. Prick test was carried out after 14 days.Results  The once‐daily application of clobetasol propionate (0.05%) was as effective as the twice‐daily application, but the alternate‐day application was less effective than the once‐daily application (P < 0.01). Also, the initial‐daily and subsequent alternate‐day applications were not as effective as the continuous once‐daily application (P < 0.05).Conclusion  A once‐daily application of clobetasol propionate (0.05%) is likely to provide the required therapeutic effect.
Successful treatment of malignant melanoma in situ with topical 5% imiquimod cream
Authors: Ray Carolyn M. , Kluk Michael , Grin Caron M. , Grant‐Kels Jane M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackground  Current treatment recommendations for malignant melanoma in situ include surgical excision with at least 0.5 cm margins. On the head or neck, obtaining adequate surgical margins for melanoma can be challenging and often disfiguring. In addition, some elderly patients may not be good surgical candidates and may request less aggressive interventions.Methods  We report herein three cases of malignant melanoma in situ on the face treated with topical imiquimod cream.Results  Complete regression of malignant melanoma in situ was observed on treatment with 5% topical imiquimod cream. The varied treatment regimens, rationale for using imiquimod rather than performing surgery, and the possible mechanisms of action are discussed.Conclusions  Topical imiquimod can be used successfully for the treatment of malignant melanoma in situ on the face.
Fracture systems in granite pavements of the eastern Pilbara Craton, Western Australia: indicators of neotectonic activity?
Authors: CLARK D. J. , BODORKOS S. 
Published: May 2005

Continental Australia is characterised by high levels of seismic activity in comparison with intracratonic areas worldwide. However, the link between earthquake events and earthquake‐related geomorphology in Australia remains poorly understood for all except the largest events, because landscape impact unambiguously attributable to seismic activity is difficult to recognise. In this context, we describe several unusual fracture systems of possible tectonic origin that transect granite pavements in the Archaean eastern Pilbara Craton of Western Australia. Occurring at four localities (Gallery Hill, North Shaw, Mulgandinnah Hill and Muccan) separated by up to 150 km, the fracture systems typically range up to 100 m in length and 20 m in width, locally offset pavement surfaces by up to 15 cm vertically, and expose uniformly fresh‐looking rock. At one locality (Muccan), the fractures cross‐cut two out of three generations of aboriginal petroglyphs etched into the pavement surface, which suggests that fracture formation occurred both recently and rapidly. All four localities are characterised by extensional structures (tension fractures and dilated joints) striking 020–040°, and three preserve compressional structures (steeply dipping reverse faults at Gallery Hill and North Shaw; A‐tent crestal fractures at Mulgandinnah Hill) trending 100–135°. The strongly correlated alignments of the fracture systems militate against a purely weathering‐controlled origin, and the observed pattern is compatible with fracture formation in a single East Pilbara‐wide stress field, dominated by pure shear and characterised by northeast–southwest‐ to north‐northeast–south‐southwest‐directed horizontal compression. This orientation is consistent with that derived by spatial averaging of existing stress orientation data from northwest Australia. These preliminary results have exciting implications for the inexpensive field‐based determination of regional stress orientation, and for the use of granitic landforms in probabilistic seismic hazard assessment and the identification of earthquake‐prone areas.
SHRIMP U–Pb detrital zircon ages from Proterozoic and Early Palaeozoic sandstones and their bearing on the early geological evolution of Tasmania
Authors: BLACK L. P. , CALVER C. R. , SEYMOUR D. B. , REED A. 
Published: May 2005

Detrital zircons from 13 Late Mesoproterozoic to Early Neoproterozoic sandstones and two Palaeozoic sandstones from Tasmania were dated in order to improve constraints on depositional ages, to test correlation between Proterozoic inliers, and to characterise source regions. These include successions considered to be the oldest presently exposed in Tasmania. Typical features of the age distributions of the Proterozoic rocks are prominent data concentrations at 1800–1650 Ma and 1450–1400 Ma, and a minor spread of Archaean ages. Statistical testing of the similarity of the age profiles shows that widespread quartzarenaceous samples from the Detention Subgroup, Needles Quartzite and from the Tyennan region are strongly similar, consistent with broad correlation. Relatively large differences are seen between the Detention Subgroup and the conformable, stratigraphically higher Jacob Quartzite, which contains an additional spread of 1300–1000 Ma zircons suggestive of a Grenvillian source. Age profiles of the quartzarenites and quartzwacke turbidites (Oonah Formation and correlatives) cannot be readily differentiated. The Oonah Formation likewise includes samples with and without Grenvillian ages, and there is no 750 Ma zircon population that would be expected if the turbidites were genetically related to the Wickham Orogeny. The simplest interpretation is that the quartzarenites (Rocky Cape Group and correlatives) and the turbidites (Oonah Formation and correlates) are lateral equivalents, although a younger (post‐Wickham Orogeny) age for the Oonah Formation cannot be discounted. A maximum age of ca 1000 Ma is inferred for the Oonah Formation, Rocky Cape Group and correlatives. A minimum age of ca 750 Ma is provided by the basal age of the overlying Togari Group and correlatives. In a metasediment from western King Island, the youngest detrital zircons are ca 1350 Ma, allowing a pre‐Grenvillian depositional age as suggested by previous dating of metamorphic monazite. However, the age profile of this sample is not dissimilar to the other Tasmanian successions that are inferred to be 1000–750 Ma. The Wings Sandstone, of southern Tasmania, contains an unusual profile dominated by Grenvillian ages, consistent with an allochthonous origin. Basement ages that broadly match the age spectra of the Tasmanian Proterozoic sediments are found in southwestern Laurentia, consistent with mutual proximity in Rodinia reconstructions. The Palaeozoic sandstones, from the turbiditic Mathinna Supergroup of northeastern Tasmania, have zircon age profiles typical of the Lachlan Fold Belt, with a predominant latest Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian component and a lesser, broad Proterozoic data concentration at ca 1000 Ma. Western Tasmania was not a significant part of the source area for these rocks.
Human sperm motility in a microgravity environment
Authors: IKEUCHI TAKAHITO , SASAKI SHOICHI , UMEMOTO YUKIHIRO , KUBOTA YASUE , KUBOTA HIROKI , KANEKO TOMOYOSHI , KOHRI KENJIRO 
Published: May 2005

Background and Aims: We carried out clinostat and parabolic flight experiments to examine the effects of a microgravity (µG) environment on human sperm motility.Methods: Semen samples were obtained manually from 18 healthy men (aged 27.4 ± 5.4 years) who had given their informed consent. In clinostat experiments, samples that were left stationary were used as a stationary control. Samples rotated vertically and horizontally were used as a rotation control and a clinostat rotation, respectively. In parabolic flight experiments using a jet plane, sperm motility was compared for each parameter at µG, 1G and 2G. The state of 1G during the flight was used as a control. Sperm motility was determined using an automatic motility analyzer HT‐M2030 in a microgravity environment.Results: All parameters of sperm motility tended to be lower in clinostat rotation compared with rotation control at both low‐speed and high‐speed, but the differences were not statistically significant. In parabolic flight, sperm motility and parameters of linear movement were decreased (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between µG and 2G, but sperm motility was significantly decreased at µG than at 1G.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that sperm motility is reduced under µG. (Reprod Med Biol 2005; 4: 161–168)
Diagnosis and treatment of immunologically infertile males with antisperm antibodies
Authors: SHIBAHARA HIROAKI , SHIRAISHI YASUKO , SUZUKI MITSUAKI 
Published: May 2005

The presence of antisperm antibodies (ASA) can reduce fecundity in both males and females. The present review describes a strategy, established by investigations of the diverse inhibitory effects of ASA on fertility, for the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of infertile males with ASA. For infertile males with ASA, diagnosis using the direct‐immunobead test (D‐IBT), the postcoital test (PCT) and the hemizona assay (HZA) should be carried out as the basis for decision‐making. If the patient with ASA has an abnormal hemizona index, it seems reasonable to advise selecting intracytoplasmic sperm injection‐embryo transfer (ICSI‐ET) as a primary treatment. However, it has been shown that some immunologically infertile males with normal fertilizing ability established pregnancy by timed intercourse (TI) or intrauterine insemination (IUI). In such patients with ASA having normal hemizona index, TI or IUI can be selected based on the PCT result. Therefore, the treatment strategy for males with ASA is similar to that for infertile males with oligozoospermia or asthenozoospermia.In conclusion, it should be emphasized that a diversity of ASA exists and their effects on fertility in infertile males. Although there is an argument that routine testing for ASA in males is not always necessary, one should be aware that in some cases of failed IUI or IVF, ICSI is selected afterward because of the diagnosis of ASA. (Reprod Med Biol 2005; 4: 133–141)
Neurochemical characterization of the cerebellar‐recipient motor thalamic territory in the macaque monkey
Authors: Calzavara Roberta , Zappalà Agata , Rozzi Stefano , Matelli Massimo , Luppino Giuseppe 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe immunoarchitectonics of the macaque motor thalamus was analysed to look for a possible neurochemical characterization of thalamic territories, which were not definable cytoarchitectonically, associated with different functional pathways. Thalamic sections from 15 macaque monkeys were processed for visualization of calbindin (CB), parvalbumin (PV), calretinin (CR) and SMI‐32 immunoreactivity (ir). PV‐, CR‐ and SMI‐32ir distributions did not show any clear correlation with known functional subdivisions. In contrast, CBir distribution reliably defined two markedly distinct motor thalamic territories, one characterized by high cell and neuropil CBir (CB‐positive territory), the other by very low cell and neuropil CBir (CB‐negative territory). These two neurochemically distinct compartments, the CB‐negative and the CB‐positive territories, appear to correspond to the cerebellar‐ and basal ganglia‐recipient territories, respectively. To verify the possible correspondence of the CB‐negative territory with the cerebellar‐recipient sector of the motor thalamus, we compared the distribution of cerebello‐thalamic projections with the distribution of CBir in two monkeys. The distribution of cerebellar afferent terminals was similar to that reported from previous reports and in line with the notion that in the motor thalamus the cerebellar‐recipient territory does not respect cytoarchitectonic boundaries. Comparison with CB immunoarchitecture showed very close correspondence in the motor thalamus between the distribution of the anterograde labeling and the CB‐negative territory, suggesting that the CB‐negative territory represents the architectonic counterpart of the cerebellar‐recipient territory. CB immunostaining may therefore represent a helpful tool for describing the association between thalamocortical projections and the basal ganglia or the cerebellar loops and for establishing possible homologies between the motor thalamus of non‐human primates and humans.
Cocaine dependence and attention switching within and between verbal and visuospatial working memory
Authors: Kübler A. , Murphy K. , Garavan H. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMany studies have shown the negative effects of cocaine on neuropsychological and cognitive performance in drug‐dependent individuals, but little is known about the underlying neuroanatomy of these dysfunctions. The present study addressed attention switching between items held in working memory (WM) with a task in which subjects were required to store and update two items held in verbal or visuospatial WM. Attention‐switching frequency varied between trials, thereby allowing us to isolate the switching component of task performance. Behavioural data revealed that cocaine addicts performed worse than healthy controls in all tasks. On the visuospatial task addicts performed at chance levels revealing particular impairment in visuospatial WM. On the verbal task, in which controls and users could be matched for performance, we identified attenuated responses in prefrontal and cingulate cortices and in striatal regions, while other areas such as dorsolateral prefrontal cortex did not differ between healthy controls and users. The results reveal that addiction may be accompanied by specific rather than ubiquitous hypoactivation in prefrontal and subcortical areas and suggest a compromised ability in users to control their attention to their thoughts as might be particularly relevant when required to switch away from drug‐related thoughts, and thus the dysfunction in attention switching may contribute to the maintenance of addiction.