bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of choline and glucose on macronutrient metabolic gene expression in HepG2 and BeWo cells
Authors: Jiang Xinyin , Greenwald Esther 
Published: November 2023

Rodent studies indicate that choline, an essential nutrient, alleviates fatty liver but worsens glycemic control. However, evidence in human cells is lacking. We used stable cell lines to examine the interaction between choline and glucose treatments in vitro. In the hepatocyte‐derived HepG2 cells, choline supplementation (1mM) in cell culture medium increased peroxisomal acyl‐coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) expression, and such increase was more pronounced in the high‐glucose (35mM) versus low‐glucose (5mM) condition, suggesting that the higher choline concentration may favor fatty acid breakdown via β‐oxidation in this model of in vitro hyperglycemia. In addition, choline supplementation mitigated the elevation in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) expression due to high glucose, indicating a role of choline in dampening gluconeogenesis. However, neither choline nor glucose concentration altered the expression of these metabolic genes in the placenta‐derived BeWo cells. In summary, HepG2 and BeWo cells respond differently to glucose and choline concentrations in cell culture. Choline may lead to favorable changes in macronutrient metabolic gene expression in HepG2 cells when they are exposed to high glucose.Support or Funding InformationPSC CUNY TRADA‐45‐72
Effect of dietary zinc on ethanol induced autophagy in mice
Authors: Liuzzi Juan P , Liu Xinyi P , Doan Huong P , Nambiar Sruthi P 
Published: November 2023

Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process that involves degradation of damaged or superfluous proteins and organelles. Recent studies have showed that autophagy is a protective mechanism against ethanol toxicity. Alcohol induced liver damage is known to be attenuated by zinc supplementation. However, the role of zinc in autophagy has just begun to be studied. In this study, the effect of zinc deficiency, adequacy and excess on hepatic autophagic flux, lipid accumulation and liver injury was examined in C57BL/6 mice acutely exposed to ethanol. In addition, the effect of ethanol and the autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine, on the expression of methallothionein (MT) was evaluated. Ninety six C57BL/6 male mice were fed diets containing three levels of zinc content: low (1.0mg/kg), adequate (30mg/kg), and supplemented (150mg/kg) for four weeks. Thereafter, mice were injected intraperitoneally with saline or chloroquine (60m/kg bodyweight). Subsequently, mice were administered either water or ethanol (4.5g/kg body weight) by gavage. Mice were sacrificed at 14h and 24h after ethanol treatment. Hepatic autophagic flux was assessed by measuring LC3II/LCI ratio, Beclin1, and p62/SQSTM1 levels in presence and absence of chloroquine. Liver damage was determined by measuring the activity of aspartate amino transferase in serum and by histological analysis. Hepatic lipid accumulation was evaluated by measuring triglyceride content in liver and by oil red staining. MT mRNA levels were measured by RT‐PCR. The dietary treatments did not affect food intake and body weight. Ethanol treatment induced autophagic flux; however, this effect was strongest in mice fed high zinc diet. The stimulatory effect of high zinc intake on autophagic flux was maximum at 24h. Zinc deficiency was associated with increased ethanol induced steatosis and liver injury. Chloroquine treatment exacerbated ethanol induced steatosis and liver damage in mice fed zinc adequate or high zinc diet. Lastly, ethanol treatment significantly increased mRNA levels of MT. However, chloroquine treatment suppressed MT expression in mice exposed to ethanol. The results from this study indicate that ethanol induced autophagy is influenced by zinc status and support the notion that autophagy plays an important role in the protection against ethanol toxicity conferred by zinc.Support or Funding InformationNIH1R03AA022451‐01
Relation between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ganji Vijay , Zhang Xu 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveA relation between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), diabetes mellitus (DM), and several cardiometabolic risk factors in >19 years old persons using quality control‐adjusted data from three cycles of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2001–2006 (n=8241) was investigated.ResultsPersons with serum 25(OH)D concentration <30 nmol/L had significantly higher waist circumference (P<0.001), blood glucose (P<0.001), glycohemoglobin (P<0.001), triglycerides (P<0.001), insulin (P<0.001), C‐peptide (P<0.001), C‐reactive protein, and HOMA‐IR (P=0.001) and had significantly lower HDL‐cholesterol and VO2 max (P<0.001) compared to those with serum 25(OH)D concentration ≥75 nmol/L. Prevalence of MetS and DM were significantly higher in persons with serum 25(OH)D concentration <30 nmol/L compared to those with serum 25(OH)D concentration ≥75 nmol/L (P<0.001). The likelihood of having MetS (OR, 2.9; CI, 2.1, 4.0; P<0.001) and DM (OR, 1.7; CI, 1.2, 2.4; P<0.001) were significantly higher in serum 25(OH)D concentration <30 nmol/L group compared to serum 25(OH)D concentration ≥75 nmol/L group.ConclusionBecause improved vitamin D status is associated with positive health outcomes, consideration should be given to raising serum vitamin D concentration ≥75 nmol/L in reducing the risk of chronic diseases.Support or Funding InformationSupported by Life University and University of Mississippi Medical Center
The Effects of Bioactive Food Ingredients Alone or In Combination With Protein Supplement On Metabolism, Thermogenesis, Body Fat, Body Weight And Appetite
Authors: Brock Paula Vieira , Vaughan Brent , Vollmer David 
Published: November 2023

According to the 2009–2010 Center for Disease Control and Prevention survey, 69% of adults in the United States are overweight. Recent research has revealed that thermogenic compounds and other natural food ingredients may stimulate the sympathetic nervous system and promote satiety, thermogenesis, and fat loss. However, the combination of natural extracts containing these bioactive compounds has not been studied. Furthermore, published research on our patent‐pending protein supplement revealed significant effects on biomarkers of fat burning, metabolism and satiety. Due to this potential synergistic effect of protein and thermogenic compounds, in the current investigation our novel supplement containing the above mentioned bioactive food ingredients was tested alone and in combination with our patent‐pending protein supplement. First, twelve mice were placed on 60% fat diet for 8 d and subsequently divided into a low, medium and high‐dose groups and vehicle. Animals received the novel supplement by oral gavage daily for 5 d. No observable adverse event was noted. In a subsequent study, C57BL/6J mice (n=10) were placed on a 60% high‐fat diet at 4 weeks of age. At 8 weeks of age, animals were randomly assigned to receive oral daily dosing of vehicle, the novel supplement alone or with our patent‐pending protein supplement. The following measures of metabolism, thermogenesis, body fat and appetite were collected before and after 4 weeks of treatment: energy expenditure, adiponectin, leptin and insulin in blood, surface body temperature, UCP1 protein in brown adipose tissue, body composition, body weight, and food consumption. Findings will be discussed.Support or Funding InformationSource of Research Support: 4Life Research, LLC
Plasma Kinetics of Lutein Supplementation to Healthy Chinese Subjects and Effect of Omega‐3 Fatty Acids on Lutein Absorption—A Single Oral Administration Study
Authors: Ma Aiguo , Ma Tingting , Ma Yan , Zhao Yanhui , Liang Hui , Cai Jing , Wang Qiuzhen 
Published: November 2023

The current study aimed to determine the dynamic changes of plasma lutein and its kinetics profiles after a single oral administration of lutein, as well as the effect of omega‐3 fatty acids on lutein absorption in healthy Chinese people. Forty volunteers were randomly assigned to four dosage groups: 10mg lutein (Group L10), 20mg lutein (Group L20), 40mg lutein (Group L40), and 20mg lutein plus 560mg omega‐3 fatty acid (Group LF20). Fasting venous blood samples were collected at pre‐dosing and 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 120, 168, 240, 360 h of post‐dosing in four groups. Plasma lutein concentrations at different time points were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for kinetics analysis. We found that plasma lutein concentrations in Group L40 were significantly higher than Group L10 at 12h, 24h, 48h (p<0.01) and 72h post‐dosing (p<0.05). The AUC0‐360h, AUC0‐∞ and Cmax were significantly higher in Group L40 than Group L10 and Group L20 (p<0.01) and the results showed a dose‐dependent linear trend. The Tmax of plasma lutein was at 12h. There were no adverse events for a single supplementation with 40mg of lutein. In summary, our results showed that the absorption of lutein was positively correlated with dosage, and a single co‐administration of omega‐3 fatty acids did not affect the absorption of lutein.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the National Key Technology Support Program (No. 2012BAD33B01‐2)
Lipid‐lowering effects of Zanthoxylum schinifolium Siebold & Zucc. seed oil (ZSO) in hyperlipidemic rats and lipolytic effects in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes
Authors: Kim Tae Woo , Kim Dae Jung , Kim Kyoung Kon , Choe Myeon 
Published: November 2023

Background and objectivesA recent study has reported that Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb. et Zucc. has anti‐atherosclerotic properties. Therefore, the present study investigates the therapeutic potential of Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sielb. et Zucc. seed oil (ZSO) on blood lipid profile and obesity, which causes atherosclerosis, in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats fed a high‐cholesterol and high‐fat (HCHF) diet. Additionally, the lipolytic effects of ZSO were investigated using 3T3‐L1 adipocytes..Materials and MethodsThe composition of ZSO was determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The effect of ZSO on weight control and blood lipid level improvement in rats fed an HCHF diet was assessed through dietary experiments and molecular biological analysis. Additionally, lipolytic action of ZSO was confirmed by analysis of expression of lipid metabolism‐related biomarkers and measurement of glycerol levels in cultured 3T3‐L1 cells and media.ResultsZSO contains oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and palmitoleic acid. The results show a decrease in total body weight, and liver and epididymal adipose tissue weight, although epididymal adipose tissue weight was not statistically significant. Additionally, rats in the HCHF plus ZSO group showed improved levels of hyperlipidemia indicators. Further, western blot analysis confirmed that the improvement of hyperlipidemia indicator levels was induced by stimulation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) expression, a consequence of ZSO ingestion. Additional results indicate that at the cellular level, reduction of body weight was owing to phosphorylation of hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) by activation of the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, ultimately leading to lipolysis.ConclusionThe current study indicates that the improvement of hyperlipidemia by ZSO in rats fed an HCHF diet is at least, in part, due to the stimulation of cholesterol absorption induced by LPL. Additionally, ZSO‐stimulated lipolysis induced by PKA‐HSL signaling reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by grants of High Value‐added Food Technology Development Program, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs(312001‐03‐01‐HD040), Well‐being Bioproducts Regional Innovation Center project (B0009702) and kangwon national university institute of bioscience & biotechnology (320130015).
β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate (HMB) production in human subjects
Authors: Walker Dillon , Thaden John , Engelen Marielle , Deutz Nicolaas 
Published: November 2023

RationaleHMB is produced from the amino acid leucine in the body. Studies in sheep/pigs have demonstrated that HMB production accounts for 2–10% of Leucine turnover, but HMB production in humans is unknown. In contrast, HMB supplementation to individuals promotes maintenance of muscle mass when subjected to muscle wasting conditions. Therefore, we hypothesize that in subjects with low muscle mass, whole body HMB production is reduced. We first developed a method to measure whole body HMB production and the conversion of Leucine to HMB in humans.MethodWe assessed the whole body production of leucine and HMB by providing a single intravenous pulse dose of L‐[U‐13C6]Leucine and [3,4, methyl‐13C3]HMB in human subjects in the post absorptive state and sampled blood over a 3 hour period. Plasma enrichment of [3,4, methyl‐13C3]HMB was determined by GC/MS/MS methods and plasma enrichment of L‐[U‐13C6]Leucine was determined by LC/MS/MS. Data are summarized as mean (SE) in μmol/kg ffm/hr. Fitting of enrichment curves, ANOVA and student's t‐tests were done by GraphPad Prism 6.ResultsThe decay of the plasma HMB and Leucine enrichments were strictly two exponential. We determined HMB production to be 0.28 μmol/kg ffm/hr and leucine turnover to be 100 μmol/kg ffm/hr. Only 0.28% of the total leucine turnover is converted to HMB.ConclusionWhole body HMB production is much lower in humans than reported production in large animals.
Multiplexed Micronutrient Array for Population Surveillance
Authors: Lillis Lorraine , Barney Becky , Brindle Eleanor , Peck Roger , Tyler Abby , Lyman Chris , Boyle David 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveDeficiencies of vitamin A, iron and iodine affect a significant portion of the world's population and are often associated with adverse health outcomes, particularly among pregnant women and children. Efforts to characterize deficiency patterns have been hampered by a lack of measurement tools appropriate for large‐scale use. Since many of these micronutrients are not easily measured directly, reliable proxy biomarkers indicative of deficiency status have been identified and widely adopted. Inflammation or infection biomarker levels must also be measured, as inflammation affects the levels of vitamin A and iron status biomarkers. Furthermore, malaria infection is known to deplete iron levels, thus screening for malaria is also recommended. We previously developed a prototype multiplex immunoassay for the simultaneous measurement of five biomarkers relevant to assessing vitamin A, iron status and inflammation; retinol binding protein, soluble transferrin receptor, ferritin, alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein and C‐reactive protein. Here we present an improved version of the immunoassay which has also been expanded to include measurement of the biomarkers for iodine deficiency (thyroglobulin) and malarial parasitemia (Histidine Rich Protein II).MethodUsing affordable technology from Quansys Biosciences, antibodies are coated in seven discrete regions of the well of a microtiter plate and the seven analytes are assayed in a single volume of sample. A control standard was developed for the assay that reflected the clinical range of each biomarker being assayed. Assay performance was evaluated by comparing multiplex and conventional assay results for plasma from 72 US volunteers.ResultsThe new multiplex immunoassay and established conventional assay methods showed high correlation for all analytes tested (Average 0.77, p<.0001), improving on the values observed with the original 5‐plex plate. Use of a control standard specially designed for the multiplex assay in place of a commercially available standard allowed for more accurate quantitation of each analyte. The assay was also validated against the available WHO reference standards.ConclusionsThis 7‐plex micronutrient assay has excellent potential for use as a cost effective tool for population surveillance of vitamin A, iron and iodine deficiencies as well as malaria infectivity rates.Support or Funding InformationThis research is supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Portion size selection of pizza and modeled impact on nutritional intake in the US adult population
Authors: Masset Gabriel , Vlassopoulos Antonis , Mölenberg Famke , Lehmann Undine 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionIn the last decades, food and beverage portion sizes have increased together with obesity prevalence. Portion size reduction has been identified as a cost‐effective strategy to reduce energy intake of the general population. Pizza is a major contributor to diets in the US, with approximately an eighth of the population consuming pizza on any given day.ObjectiveTo model the effect of selecting the RACC serving size for pizza (140g) on the nutritional intake of NHANES 2011–12 adult participants.MethodsDietary intakes of 4948 participants aged 19+ years were derived from the first 24hr‐recall. Nutritional intakes (energy (E), protein (P), total fat (TF), saturated fat (SFA), sodium (Na), and total sugars (S)) were compared between three scenarios: Baseline, Observed intakes as reported in the 24‐hour recall; RACC1, All reported pizza consumption occasions set at 140g (RACC); RACC2, All pizza consumption reported above 140g was set to 140g. Intake was analyzed in the whole population and among pizza consumers only. All analyses were conducted using the ‘survey’ package of R.ResultsAmong the target sample, 11% of participants reported consuming pizza. Average and median pizza portion size was 235g and 194g, respectively; 62% of declared serving sizes were above the RACC. In the whole population, RACC1 and RACC2 scenarios were associated with a 1.5 and 2.2% reduction in energy intake (−33kcal and −39kcal), respectively, which was translated in reductions of other nutrients (not shown). Among pizza consumers, forcing a 140g serving size (RACC1 scenario) led to a significant reduction of energy intake (−301kcal or 12%), and thereby of all the other nutrients (Table). In the RACC2 scenario, the reduction in energy intake was strengthened (−356kcal or 14%, Table).ConclusionShifting the portion size of a single food group led to relevant reduction in energy, saturated fat and sodium intake in this representative sample of the US adult population, demonstrating the potential for portion size selection to be a key lever within dietary advice and guidelines.Support or Funding InformationThis study was funded by Nestec SA.

Average daily intakes of US pizza consumers aged 19 and above (n=459, NHANES 2011–12, day 1), at Baseline and in RACC1 and RACC2 protion size selection scenarios

Baseline
RACC 1
RACC 2

Nutrient
Mean
SE
Mean
SE

Mean
SE

Energy (kcal)
2558
58.9
2257
55.8
*
2202
57.3
*

Protein (g)
92.5
2.05
79.2
1.86
*
76.9
1.88
*

Total fat (g)
98.7
2.91
85.1
2.79
*
82.6
2.90
*

Saturated fat (g)
34.9
1 12
29.4
1.07
*
28.4
1.12
*

Sodium (mg)
4309
130
3669
120
*
3542
124
*

Total sugars (g)
124
3.07
120
3.01
*
120
3.01
*

RACC1, All reported pizza consumption occasions set at 140g (RACC); RACC2, All pizza consumption reported above 140g was set to 140g.
Pizza consumption was defined as having reporting pizza at least once during the 24\hr recall.
pttest vs. Baseline < 0.001
Nutritional Status in People Living With HIV and Trends in HIV Prevalence Using NHANES (1999–2012)
Authors: Thuppal Sowmy , Bailey Regan 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundUnder‐nutrition is an independent predictor of mortality in people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV). Introduction of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the nutritional status in PLHIV but has not completely eliminated malnutrition.AimTo understand the current nutritional status in PLHIV and to study the trends in prevalence of HIV status using NHANES (1999–2012).MethodsNHANES 1999–2012 was used to estimate the prevalence of PLHIV in U.S. adults (n=16,083; ages 19–15) and for calculating selective biochemical parameters and biomarkers. Two 24‐hour dietary recalls were used to estimate energy adjusted mean values for micro‐ and macro‐nutrients; height and weight were used to calculate BMI.ResultsThe overall prevalence of HIV infection in U.S. adults was 0.44% (CI: 0.26–0.75) in 1999–2002, 0.53% (CI: 0.35–0.78) in 2003–2006, and started to decline thereafter to 0.25% (95% CI: 0.12–0.51) in the 2011–2012. HIV prevalence was highest in non‐Hispanic blacks followed by Mexican Americans and non‐Hispanic whites across all survey years. The mean age of PLHIV ranged from 35.4 years to 49.6 years. The body mass index (BMI) was lower in men and higher in women living with HIV compared to respective negative controls. Energy expenditure was significantly lower in women living with HIV compared to men living with HIV. Macronutrient intake was similar between PLHIV and HIV negative controls in both men and women. All the micronutrients were similar between PLHIV and controls except the levels of vitamin E was significantly lower in women living with HIV compared to the HIV negative controls. Micronutrient and macronutrient intake were similar between men and women living with HIV, except women had greater BMI and lower energy expenditure, while men had higher dietary fat intake. Women living with HIV had insufficient levels of vitamin D (37 nmol/L) and significantly lower levels of RBC folate (509 nmol/L) and Serum Folate (19 nmol/L). Mean triglycerides in men living with HIV was (410 mg/dL). There were no differences in the electrolyte levels and other biochemical markers compared to negative controls.ConclusionsWith the initiation of ART the nutrient intake in PLHIV has improved and is similar compared to HIV negative population. Women living with HIV have lower levels of vitamin D and folic acid. They have higher BMI and lower energy expenditure compared to men in spite of consuming similar quantities of micro‐ and micro‐nutrients, warranting life‐style modifications.