bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monomer Transport in Emulsion Polymerization IV Gaseous Monomers
Authors: Merlin Julia , Schork F. Joseph 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMethods for the evaluation of the Damkohler number for monomer transport during emulsion homopolymerization and copolymerization are extended to the analysis of gaseous monomers. Results indicate that the monomer transport limitation of gaseous monomers in both homo and copolymerization is strongly dependent on overall pressure through Henry's law relationship governing the concentration of monomer in the aqueous phase in equilibrium with monomer bubbles. At low pressures, most monomers studied exhibit monomer transport limitations; however, even at very high pressures, some gaseous monomers still exhibit monomer transport limitations.
Unrestricted funding and nonprofit capacities: Developing a conceptual model
Authors: Wiepking Pamala , de Wit Arjen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnrestricted or flexible funding practices are increasingly popular among funders. There is initial empirical support for the assumption that fewer donor‐imposed restrictions on funding have positive outcomes for nonprofit capacities, including the ability to better deal with external shocks such as presented by the COVID‐19 crisis. However, academic literature on the consequences of donor‐imposed restrictions is scarce, scattered, and lacks an overarching theoretical basis. In this article, we theorize how unrestricted funding may relate to nonprofit capacities and consequently effectiveness. Our theoretical propositions are derived from a review of the academic and gray literature as well as a theory‐based analysis of 20 in‐depth interviews with grantees receiving multi‐year unrestricted funding as a substantial part of their funding portfolio. We propose a conceptual model that hypothesizes how unrestricted funding may affect seven different nonprofit capacities: (1) financial management; (2) operational capacity; (3) staff management; (4) adaptive capacity; (5) strategic planning; (6) mission orientation; and (7) innovation. This framework can function as a much‐needed starting point to support academics and nonprofit leaders to better understand how unrestricted funding relates to nonprofit capabilities and consequently nonprofit effectiveness.
Swallowing Function After Epiglottopexy in Children
Authors: Young Ashley E. , Hinkes‐Molinaro Laura , Ida Jonathan , Valika Taher , Ghadersohi Saied , Thompson Dana M. , Hazkani Inbal 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveEpiglottopexy has been an increasingly utilized intervention in children with epiglottic prolapse and airway obstruction. Given the role of the epiglottis in protecting the airway during swallowing and the potential effect of repositioning the epiglottis on the passage of the bolus, we aimed to compare swallowing outcomes before and after epiglottopexy in children.Study DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary care children's hospital.MethodsData were extracted from charts of children who underwent epiglottopexy and had a subsequent instrumental swallowing evaluation between January 2018 and September 2022.ResultsA total of 93 patients underwent epiglottopexy. Of these, 38 patients met inclusion requirements. The mean age at surgery was 41 ± 47 months. Most patients (n = 37, 97.4%) had significant comorbidities such as secondary airway lesions (n = 33, 91.7%), a genetic or syndromic disorder (n = 25, 69.4%), and dysphagia (n = 29, 76.3%). All patients had a concurrent procedure at the time of epiglottopexy with supraglottoplasty (n = 24, 63.2%) and lingual tonsillectomy (n = 16, 42.1%) being the most common. No changes in initiation or patterns of swallowing were noted postoperatively. A total of 7 (18.4%) patients had worsening swallow function: 2 had new‐onset dysphagia, and 5 had worsening pre‐existing dysphagia. Liquid or food textures penetrated remained unchanged or improved in most cases. No risk factors for worsening dysphagia were identified in our cohort.ConclusionChildren with medical comorbidities undergoing epiglottopexy with additional airway interventions may experience new or worsening dysphagia. However, the procedure is generally safe without notable patterned changes in the swallowing mechanism.
Automated AJCC Restaging for Oropharyngeal Cancer Research
Authors: Safranek Conrad W. , Wilkins Sarah G. , Shah Rema , Mehra Saral 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWith the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition staging guidelines update, human papillomavirus‐positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is now staged separately from its HPV‐negative counterpart, preventing meaningful comparison of cases staged with the 7th versus 8th edition criteria. Manual restaging is time‐consuming and error‐prone, hindering multiyear analyses for HPV+ OPSCC. We developed an automated computational tool for re‐classifying HPV+ OPSCC pathological and clinical tumor staging from AJCC 7th to 8th edition. The tool is designed to handle large data sets, ensuring comprehensive and accurate analysis of historic HPV+ OPSCC data. Validated against institutional and National Cancer Database data sets, the algorithm achieved accuracies of 100% (95% confidence interval [CI] 98.8%‐100%) and 93.4% (95% CI 93.1%‐93.7%), successfully restaging 326/326 and 26,505/28,374 cases, respectively. With its open‐source design, this computational tool can enhance future HPV+ OPSCC research and inspire similar tools for other cancer types and subsequent AJCC editions.
Revisiting the hydrolysis of ampicillin catalyzed by Temoneira‐1 β‐lactamase, and the effect of Ni(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II)
Authors: Nafaee Zeyad H. , Egyed Viktória , Jancsó Attila , Tóth Annamária , Gerami Adeleh Mokhles , Dang Thanh Thien , Heiniger‐Schell Juliana , Hemmingsen Lars , Hunyadi‐Gulyás Éva , Peintler Gábor , Gyurcsik Béla 
Published: October 2023

Abstractβ‐Lactamases grant resistance to bacteria against β‐lactam antibiotics. The active center of TEM‐1 β‐lactamase accommodates a Ser‐Xaa‐Xaa‐Lys motif. TEM‐1 β‐lactamase is not a metalloenzyme but it possesses several putative metal ion binding sites. The sites composed of His residue pairs chelate borderline transition metal ions such as Ni(II). In addition, there are many sulfur‐containing donor groups that can coordinate soft metal ions such as Hg(II). Cd(II) may bind to both types of the above listed donor groups. No significant change was observed in the circular dichroism spectra of TEM‐1 β‐lactamase on increasing the metal ion content of the samples, with the exception of Hg(II) inducing a small change in the secondary structure of the protein. A weak nonspecific binding of Hg(II) was proven by mass spectrometry and 119mHg perturbed angular correlation spectroscopy. The hydrolytic process of ampicillin catalyzed by TEM‐1 β‐lactamase was described by the kinetic analysis of the set of full catalytic progress curves, where the slow, yet observable conversion of the primary reaction product into a second one, identified as ampilloic acid by mass spectrometry, needed also to be considered in the applied model. Ni(II) and Cd(II) slightly promoted the catalytic activity of the enzyme while Hg(II) exerted a noticeable inhibitory effect. Hg(II) and Ni(II), applied at 10 μM concentration, inhibited the growth of E. coli BL21(DE3) in M9 minimal medium in the absence of ampicillin, but addition of the antibiotic could neutralize this toxic effect by complexing the metal ions.
The vapour pressure of solutions saturated with lead nitrate and ammonium nitrate
Authors: Dingemans P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe vapour pressure of the four‐phase equilibrium: solid Pb (NO3)2‐solid NH4,NO3‐saturated aqueous solution‐water vapour, was measured from 10° C to the end‐point of the four‐phase curve. That end‐point is the eutectic point of the binary system Pb (NO3)2‐NH4NO3. This eutectic point was accurately determined and found to lie at a temperature of 133.8° C and a composition of 32.1 percent by weight of Pb(NO3)2 and 67.9 percent by weight of NH4NO3.The vapour pressure curve measured has a maximum at a temperature of 102.1° C and a pressure of 114.4 mm Hg.Miss Korvezee and DingemansMiss A. E. Korvezee and P. Dingemans, Rec. trav. chim. 62, 625 (1943).
previously discovered that for binary systems the relative vapour pressure of aqueous solutions saturated with one salt is in many cases a linear or almost linear function of the temperature. This rule is found to hold also for the ternary system now investigated, consisting of an aqueous solution saturated with respect to two salts, as well as for all other ternary salt systems previously measured in this laboratory.
Harvesting Inertial Energy and Powering Wearable Devices: A Review
Authors: Zhang Hexiang , Shen Qianhui , Zheng Peng , Wang Hao , Zou Rui , Zhang Zutao , Pan Yajia , Zhi Jin‐Yi , Xiang Ze‐Rui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAmidst the swift progression of microelectronics and Internet of Things technology, wearable devices are gradually gaining ground in the domains of human health monitoring. Recently, human bioenergy harvesting has emerged as a plausible alternative to batteries. This paper delves into harvesting human inertial energy that stimulates inertial masses through human motion and then transmutes the motion of the inertial masses into electrical energy. The inertial energy harvester is better suited for low‐frequency and irregular human motion. This review first identifies the sources of human motion excitation that are compatible with inertial energy harvesters and then provides a summary of the operating principles and the comparisons of the commonly used energy conversion mechanisms, including electromagnetic, piezoelectric, and triboelectric transducers. The review thoroughly summarizes the latest advancements in human inertial energy‐harvesting technology that are categorized and grouped based on their excitation sources and mechanical modulation methods. In addition, the review outlines the applications of inertial energy harvesters in powering wearable devices, medical health monitoring, and as mobile power sources. Finally, the challenges faced by inertial energy‐harvesting technologies are discussed, and the review provides a perspective on the potential developments in the field.
Hydrochemical investigation of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigational purposes from industrial belt of Jharkhand, India
Authors: Yadav Aneet Kumar , Singh Abhay Kumar , Chaturvedi Aaditya , Kumar Dhananjay , Shukla Vertika , Kumar Sanjeev , Kumar Narendra 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGroundwater (GW) is a key water resource for domestic and agricultural activities. Industrial activities often affect GW chemistry. Therefore, assessment of GW quality for drinking and irrigation purposes is required to be assessed to ensure its suitability in and around industrial setups. Present study was planned to investigate the GW suitability for domestic and irrigation purposes around Bokaro Industrial Area, Jharkhand, India. Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Permeability Index (PI), and percentage sodium (% Na) were evaluated for irrigation purposes, while pH, total hardness (TH), and electrical conductivity (EC), Total dissolve solid (TDS), F−, SO42−, HCO3−, Cl−, NO3−, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ for domestic usage. Results showed wide variation in the physicochemical characteristics as major cations were found in the order: Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+, while major anions were in the order of HCO3−> Cl−> SO42−> NO3−> F−. The range of pH 6.15–7.73 and EC was 230–1676 μS cm−1, while TH, Cl−, HCO3−, SO4−, NO3‐, F−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+ was varied from 66–743, 3.3–289.9, 61–392, 5.5–148.5, 1.2–61.4, 0.66–4.38, 14.5–170.3, 4.9–80.2, 12.3–102.7, and 0.37–5.7 mg/L, respectively. It was found that GW quality at most of the sites was suitable for irrigation and domestic purpose except at few locations. Further, results revealed that industrial activity has noticeable impact on the groundwater quality but, the overall suitability indicates a potential recharge system for the aquifers in the area which maintains the GW chemistry. Albeit alarming values of some of the GW parameters, namely, pH, total hardness, F−, HCO3−, Cl−, NO3−, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ at some locations require attention to design and execute effective water management plans to avoid possible irrigation and human health risks in future.
Effects of two commercial diets and two supplements on urinary pH in dogs
Authors: Igreja Inês Alcaide , Lourenço Ana Luísa , Vernooij Johannes C. M. , Corbee Ronald Jan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundUrinary pH manipulation by therapeutic foods or supplements is part of the treatment for urolithiasis. The effectiveness of these diets and supplements should be studied to determine which of these strategies is most effective.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo assess the effect of the oral supplementation of potassium citrate, an ammonium chloride solution (Urical) and two dry therapeutic foods—Hill's® Prescription Diet® u/d® Canine (u/d diet) and Royal Canin® Urinary S/O dog (S/O diet)—on a dog's urinary pH at different time points over 8 h.AnimalsSeven healthy adult male research beagle dogs.MethodsA prospective interventional study lasting 31 days. The dogs either received a supplement (potassium citrate or rical) with a dry adult maintenance diet (control diet) or the therapeutic diet (u/d diet or S/O diet). Each treatment had a duration of 2–5 days, with 2‐ to 4‐day washout periods in between. Urinary pH measurements were performed every 2 h between 07h00 and 15h00, with the food being given at 07h00 and 15h00, right after urine collection. The pH measurements obtained in each of the four treatments were compared to control (same dogs fed the control diet exclusively).ResultsWhen compared to the control diet at the same time points, biologically relevant changes in urinary pH (defined as ≥0.5) were: increase with potassium citrate at 7h00 and 13h00; increase with u/d diet at 9h00, 13h00, and 15h00; decrease with S/O diet at 9h00 and 11h00; Urical did not have a detectable effect on urinary pH.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe present study confirms that therapeutic foods S/O and u/d, and potassium citrate supplement affected acid‐base balance in healthy adult male beagle dogs, with the tested diets being more effective than the administered doses of the tested supplements at influencing urinary pH.
Introduction
Authors: Isabekova Gulnaz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter briefly introduces the evolution of health aid, its forms, and its objectives. In consonance with the prevailing emphasis on combatting diseases in health aid, also known as the “vertical” approach, it focuses on assistance targeting tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. The chapter problematizes the achievement of the global objectives for these diseases and the sustainability of both ongoing and completed disease control activities. It argues that, though vivid in geographic areas affected by health aid reductions, these problems are not limited to these areas only due to aid fragmentation and the issues associated with the roles of aid providers and recipients in the decision-making process. Building on the long-standing academic discussion, this chapter introduces the objective of this book: to explore the link between the sustainability of aid and relationships among stakeholders involved. It further expands on case selection by introducing the selected health care projects and providing contextual information on the Kyrgyz Republic, the country in which these projects have been implemented. The chapter concludes with brief information on the data collection process and the structure of this book.
Sustainability of Global Fund Grants
Authors: Isabekova Gulnaz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter analyzes the sustainability of the Global Fund grants to the Kyrgyz Republic by elaborating on the continuity of project activities, maintaining benefits, and building the capacity of a recipient community (Shediac-Rizkallah & Bone, Planning for the sustainability of community- based health programs: conceptual frameworks and future directions for research, practice and policy. Health Education Research, 13(1), 87–108. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/13.1.87, 1998). Focusing on nongovernmental organizations, it also elaborates on their leadership, mobilization of resources (Labonte & Lervack, Capacity building in health promotion, Part 1: For whom? And for what purpose? Critical Public Health, 11(2), 111–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/09581590110039838, 2001a; Capacity building in health promotion, Part 2: Whose use? And with what measurement? Critical Public Health, 11(2), 129–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/09581590110039847, 2001b), and survival beyond the Global Fund’s support. The chapter describes tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS-related grants and shows how they contributed to national efforts against the two diseases. In addition to increasing the number of nongovernmental organizations, the grants also extended the coverage and the types of prevention and treatment services available in the country. This chapter discusses the commitments the government has already made concerning these activities and outlines the factors affecting its ability to fulfill them. These include the epidemiological situation, political environment, procurement opportunities, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and so on. Furthermore, this chapter discusses the extent to which the government is taking over the benefits grants stipulated to patients affected by tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS and health care workers working in these areas. Finally, this chapter discusses the leadership of nongovernmental organizations, their survival beyond the Global Fund’s support, and their mobilization of resources, also by means of social contracting.
Work, Organisational Fragmentation and Safety
Authors: Almklov Petter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, I propose the following argument: the organisational landscape of today has and is currently going through changes that can be described as different forms of fragmentation. This has consequences for organisational theory, the ways work is described, coordinated and governed, and in turn, it influences safety theory and practice. By discussing three different stereotyped “stages” in this fragmentation, I will demonstrate how current organisational changes influence work practice and safety management, and I will argue that we need to understand the boundaries through which work and safety are managed and the role of information infrastructures in these processes.
Research Philosophy, Methodological Implications, and Research Design
Authors: Bergmann Jonas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, I explain the choices for the layers of the research approach applied in this book. Chiefly, I used a critical realist research stance and analyzed both qualitative case studies as well as survey data in a mixed methods approach. For the central qualitative research, I collected data through 81 problem-centered interviews, one focus group with 12 affected people, and discussions with over 60 experts. I analyzed the data through Qualitative Text Analysis to examine effects, mechanisms, social system dynamics, and structures. For the parallel quantitative study on the Coastal El Niño, I assessed extensive survey data through regression models. To evaluate differential displacement risk, I used a dataset collected by Peru’s National Institute of Statistics and Informatics directly after the disaster with close to 190,000 affected adults spread across all of Peru. Additionally, to identify the effects of displacement on well-being, I applied a customized, merged dataset of that survey and the National Census collected later in the same year. The chapter discusses the used data as well as the strengths and limitations of all chosen methods.
Selva: Flood-Driven Entrapment and Planned Relocation in Peru’s Rainforest
Authors: Bergmann Jonas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn Peru’s rainforest (Selva), the research interest was in two cases of flood-driven, short-distance, planned relocation in the Region of San Martín. After having requested relocation, both villages first became forcibly immobile for years (V3 and V4) and only one relocation was eventually accomplished (V3). These cases are of interest for two reasons. First, the evidence demonstrates that the annual flood cycle in the rainforest and extreme floods periodically drive individual migration and when habitability is threatened, the state has occasionally attempted to relocate entire communities. Second, extreme floods have already increased in the rainforest and are projected to rise further due to climate change; the case studies thus provide valuable insights into a dynamic with rising importance for (im)mobilities. In the first section, I explain the geographical context, measured and projected climate change trends and impacts, exposure, vulnerabilities, local coping and adaptation, and hazard-related migration in Peru’s Selva. Afterwards, I describe and discuss the new empirical results before inducing propositions on well-being impacts of climate (im)mobilities in the last section. Findings highlight that severe floods in 1999 and 2015, respectively raised aspirations to migrate in the villages. Yet, due to limited migration capabilities and lacking state support, farmers in V3 only relocated after 15 years, whereas those in V4 have remained in entrapment until today. These (im)mobilities occurred under distress because structural opportunities were only low to average, whereas high structural constraints emerged. The Indígenas’ prolonged entrapment in V4 has had significant impacts on their well-being. Because the state designated their village as a high-risk flood zone but failed to purchase a promised new plot for the relocation, farmers did not only still suffer from continued flooding, but also lost planned infrastructure investments. Their vulnerabilities have increased chronically. With worsening need fulfillment, most respondents lost subjective well-being. Many also expressed negative outlooks on the future given economic insecurity and years of bad governance, which have raised doubt that the relocation will be completed. By contrast, V3 faced major hurdles in the protracted relocation but eventually moved. Although challenges persisted after relocation, most farmers perceived the eventual transfer as successful in material dimensions owing to the decreased exposure to hazards as well as the improved access to jobs and markets. Most villagers followed a trajectory of delayed recovery and reported positive feelings, cognitive satisfaction, and optimistic views of the future.
Based on these empirical findings, more general propositions on the well-being impacts of climate (im)mobilities are induced.