bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of large proteins through hierarchical levels of coarse‐grained structures
Authors: Doruker Pemra , Jernigan Robert L. , Bahar Ivet 
Published: August 2002

AbstractElastic network models have been successful in elucidating the largest scale collective motions of proteins. These models are based on a set of highly coupled springs, where only the close neighboring amino acids interact, without any residue specificity. Our objective here is to determine whether the equivalent cooperative motions can be obtained upon further coarse‐graining of the protein structure along the backbone. The influenza virus hemagglutinin A (HA), composed of N=1509 residues, is utilized for this analysis. Elastic network model calculations are performed for coarse‐grained HA structures containing only N/2, N/10, N/20, and N/40 residues along the backbone. High correlations (>0.95) between residue fluctuations are obtained for the first dominant (slowest) mode of motion between the original model and the coarse‐grained models. In the case of coarse‐graining by a factor of 1/40, the slowest mode shape for HA is reconstructed for all residues by successively selecting different subsets of residues, shifting one residue at a time. The correlation for this reconstructed first mode shape with the original all‐residue case is 0.73, while the computational time is reduced by about three orders of magnitude. The reduction in computational time will be much more significant for larger targeted structures. Thus, the dominant motions of protein structures are robust enough to be captured at extremely high levels of coarse‐graining. And more importantly, the dynamics of extremely large complexes are now accessible with this new methodology. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 119–127, 2002
Portable electrochemical blood uric acid meter
Authors: Kuo Chin‐Sung , Hwu Chii‐Min , Lin Yueh‐Hui , Huang Ya‐Hsueh , Kao Wei‐Yi , Weih Mei‐Jy , Hsiao Li‐Chuan , Kwok Ching Fai , Ho Low‐Tone 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe describe a new portable uric acid (UA) meter, called the UASure® (Apex Biotechnology Corp., Hsinchu, Taiwan). The UASure® is an electrochemical blood UA meter designed for fast monitoring of UA concentrations in one drop of capillary blood using an electrochemical test strip. We compared the UASure® with the standard method, the Hitachi 7600 modular system (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan), in 146 volunteers (average age 62.5 ± 12.8 years). Of these, 65 were known hyperuricemic subjects, 17 of whom received medical therapy. The patients donated their capillary and venous blood samples in random order. Capillary blood and one drop of venous blood were tested immediately by the UASure®. The venous blood in the test tube was sent to the central laboratory for serum UA measurement by the Hitachi 7600. The intra‐assay coefficients of variation (CVs) of the UASure® were 4.79%, 5.77%, and 3.08% at UA levels of 5.8, 7.1, and 13.5 mg/dl, respectively. The UA concentrations tested by the UASure® correlated well with those by the Hitachi 7600 (r = 0.87 in venous sampling and r = 0.78 in capillary sampling, P < 0.001). The intraclass correlation was good for venous samples by the UASure® (rI = 0.84, 95% CI 0.82–0.90), somewhat below the meaningful criterion for capillary samples by the UASure® (rI = 0.77, 95% CI 0.69–0.83). UASure® with venous sampling is interchangeable with the standard method for UA measurement. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:109–114, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variability in molecular typing of Coxsackie A viruses by RFLP analysis and sequencing
Authors: Siafakas Nikolaos , Markoulatos Panayotis , Stanway Glyn 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to develop an assay capable of classifying the Coxsackie A virus (CAV) prototype strains on the basis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of 5′‐UTR‐derived reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) amplicons, and to determine how these data could be used for typing wild‐type CAV isolates. Moreover, sequencing of the amplified genomic fragments of the clinical isolates, and comparison with all the published sequences of the respective genomic region of enterovirus reference and wild‐type strains were attempted for typing of the isolates. Twenty‐four prototype CAV strains from the 23 currently recognized serotypes were studied; most of them were successfully differentiated with the aid of four restriction endonucleases: HaeIII, HpaII, DdeI, and StyI. It was not possible to differentiate between CAV5, 7, and 16, or between CAV15 and 18 in this way, but the members of each of these two groups were satisfactorily differentiated with the aid of single‐strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of their RT‐PCR amplicons. Fifteen clinical isolates, 13 of them of known CAV serotype, were also studied with the same four endonucleases and the results were compared with the data obtained from the RFLP analysis of the reference strains. The experimental results showed that only two clinical samples of previously known identity had an identical restriction pattern with the respective prototype strains. The sequences of the amplicons of the clinical isolates had the greatest percentage of alignment with enterovirus strains of a different serotype, indicating variability in the 5′‐UTR and the inability to use the whole sequence of the amplicons for typing CAVs. The significance of the findings in relation to the possible usefulness of the RFLP‐based method is discussed. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:59–69, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Practitioner perfectionism: Relationship to ambiguity tolerance and work satisfaction
Authors: Wittenberg Kevin J. , Norcross John C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPerfectionism among psychological practitioners is a common phenomenon, but a neglected topic in the research literature. This article presents data indicating that perfectionism is negatively related to both tolerance of ambiguity and satisfaction of conducting psychotherapy in a sample of 197 doctoral‐level, private‐practice psychologists. Results demonstrated that high, socially prescribed perfectionism and low tolerance of ambiguity are associated with reduced enjoyment of conducting psychotherapy. Several methods to self‐evaluate and moderate perfectionism in clinicians are offered. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 1543–1550, 2001.
Formation of cross‐cultural relationships of Taiwanese international students in the United States
Authors: Ying Yu‐Wen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe formation of cross‐cultural relationships has been shown to be an important predictor of international students' adjustment in the United States. However, few empirical studies have identified the factors that contribute to the formation of such relationships. This longitudinal study empirically examined social network composition of 155 Taiwanese graduate students at approximately 1 year (14 months) after they arrived in the United States, as predicted by prearrival, and 2 and 9 months postarrival data. A multidimensional model of social network composition, including personality, knowledge, attitude, skill, and environmental context, guided the study. Using a regression model, the probability of forming friendship with Americans at 14 months postarrival was positively associated with the following factors: their personality (i.e., extraversion), knowledge of the United States, attitude about forming friendship with Americans (positive association) and Taiwanese (negative association), their communication skills (facility understanding English), and their social environmental context (limited availability of Chinese students on their campus). Implications of the study findings are discussed. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sense of community in science fiction fandom, Part 1: Understanding sense of community in an international community of interest
Authors: Obst Patricia , Zinkiewicz Lucy , Smith Sandy G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWithin the discipline of community psychology, there is debate as to the dimensions underlying the construct of psychological sense of community (PSOC). One of the few theoretical discussions is that of McMillan and Chavis (1986), who hypothesized four dimensions: Belonging, Fulfillment of Needs, Influence, and Shared Connections. Discussion has also emerged in the literature regarding the role of identification within PSOC. It has been suggested that differences in PSOC may be understood in terms of the degree to which members identify with their community (Fisher & Sonn, 1999). However, few studies have explored the place of identification in PSOC. In addition, whereas PSOC has been applied to both communities of interest and geographic communities, little research has looked in depth at PSOC within communities of interest. The current study, therefore, explored PSOC in science fiction fandom, a community of interest with membership from all over the world, by means of a questionnaire distributed at an international science fiction convention (N= 359). In an endeavor to clarify the underlying dimensions of PSOC, we included several measures of PSOC and measures of identification with the community in the questionnaire. Results showed that science fiction fandom reported high levels of PSOC. Support emerged for four dimensions of PSOC and an additional fifth dimension, Conscious Identification. These results and their implications for PSOC research are discussed. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Regulatory volume decrease (RVD) by isolated and in situ bovine articular chondrocytes
Authors: Bush Peter G. , Hall Andrew C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractArticular chondrocytes in vivo are exposed to a changing osmotic environment under both physiological (static load) and pathological (osteoarthritis) conditions. Such changes to matrix hydration could alter cell volume in situ and influence matrix metabolism. However the ability of chondrocytes to regulate their volume in the face of osmotic perturbations have not been studied in detail. We have investigated the regulatory volume decrease (RVD) capacity of bovine articular chondrocytes within, and isolated from the matrix, before and following acute hypotonic challenge. Cell volumes were determined by visualising fluorescently‐labelled chondrocytes using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) at 21°C. Chondrocytes in situ were grouped into superficial (SZ), mid (MZ), and deep zones (DZ). When exposed to 180mOsm or 250mOsm hypotonic challenge, cells in situ swelled rapidly (within ∼90 sec). Chondrocytes then exhibited rapid RVD (t1/2 ∼ 8 min), with cells from all zones returning to ∼3% of their initial volume after 20 min. There was no significant difference in the rates of RVD between chondrocytes in the three zones. Similarly, no difference in the rate of RVD was observed for an osmotic shock from 280 to 250 or 180mOsm. Chondrocytes isolated from the matrix into medium of 380mOsm and then exposed to 280mOsm showed an identical RVD response to that of in situ cells. The RVD response of in situ cells was inhibited by REV 5901. The results suggested that the signalling pathways involved in RVD remained intact after chondrocyte isolation from cartilage and thus it was likely that there was no role for cell‐matrix interactions in mediating RVD. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cathodic decolourisation of textile waste water containing reactive dyes using a multi‐cathode electrolyser
Authors: Bechtold Thomas , Burtscher Eduard , Turcanu Aurora 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe reductive decolourisation of textile dyestuffs containing an azo group was investigated by direct cathodic electron transfer CI Acid Red 27 and CI Acid Yellow 9 were used as model compounds for azo dyes. Reactive dyes, eg CI Reactive Red 4, CI Reactive Orange 4, and CI Reactive Black 5, which are in technical use for cellulose dyeing were investigated as representatives of practical importance. A basic characterisation of the reduction–decolourisation behaviour of the dyes was achieved by redox titration with Fe(II)–triethanolamine as reducing agent and parallel spectrophotometric observation of changes in the chromogenic system. From the redox titration experiments basic data describing the experimental conditions for successful cathodic electron transfer can be derived. The electrochemical dyestuff reduction experiments were performed in batch trials using a multi‐cathode electrolyser with high cathode area. According to the typical composition of such dyebaths 0.12 mol dm−3 NaOH was used as ground electrolyte. The absorbance of the investigated dyestuff solutions could be decreased to below 20% of the initial value. For a 50% decrease in absorbance, electrical energy of about 6 kWh m−3 is consumed. The process is of particular interest for the treatment of concentrated dyestuff solutions as they are used in continuous dyeing processes.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of high shear stress on microbial viability
Authors: Lange Hélène , Taillandier Patricia , Riba Jean‐Pierre 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEscherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae suspensions were submitted to controlled shear stress. Above a threshold value shear stress induced a decrease in micro‐organism viability. The threshold of shear stress efficiency depended on the micro‐organisms, being between 1292 Pa and 2770 Pa for S cerevisiae, and about 1250 Pa for E coli. Above 1810 Pa, E coli cells were disrupted whereas the S cerevisiae cells remained intact. The higher the cellular concentration, the greater the rate of decrease in viability. Viability loss was influenced by the number of passages through the experimental shear stress device and by exposure time.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization and modelling of denim‐processing wastewaters for activated sludge
Authors: Orhon Derin , Germirli Babuna Fatoş , Insel Güçlü 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe study involved characterization of denim‐processing wastewaters, mainly to generate the necessary experimental data for the modelling and evaluation of the activated sludge process. The striking feature of the wastewater quality was the excessive suspended solids content requiring effective removal before biological treatment. COD fractionation was, however, typical for a textile effluent in general, with a biodegradable fraction of 90%, a readily biodegradable COD ratio of 20%, a predominantly soluble slowly biodegradable fraction of 55–60% and negligible particulate inert COD. Hydrolysis was identified as the significant step in the biodegradation kinetics with rate coefficients quite specific to plant operation. Evaluation of the hydrolysis kinetics showed that the magnitude of the slowly biodegradable COD could be reduced with a higher hydraulic detention time, effectively improving the quality of the soluble effluent.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Postextrasystolic potentiation of vessel compression in myocardial bridging: Detection by intravascular sonography
Authors: Eggebrecht Holger , von Birgelen Clemens , Ge Junbo , Baumgart Dietrich , Erbel Raimund 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe present the case of 67‐year‐old man with exertional chest pain. Coronary angiography revealed myocardial bridging of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) with mild systolic vessel compression. An intracoronary Doppler sonographic examination of the LAD showed a fingertip‐shaped antegrade flow pattern with a steep acceleration of coronary flow velocity during early diastole, followed by a steep deceleration and then a plateau in the coronary flow velocity during mid and late diastole. An intravascular sonographic examination using a 30‐MHz transducer catheter showed eccentric vessel compression during systole and substantial augmentation of vessel compression after an incidental extrasystole. Both intracoronary Doppler sonography and intravascular sonography provided important information that helped us to identify myocardial bridging in this patient. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:312–316, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www. interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10067
Role of growth factors and their receptors in gastric ulcer healing
Authors: Milani Stefano , Calabrò Antonio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe repair of gastric ulcers requires the reconstitution of epithelial structures and the underlying connective tissue, including vessels and muscle layers. Several growth factors have been implicated in this process, since they are able to regulate important cell functions, such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, secretion, and degradation of extracellular matrix, all of which are essential during tissue healing. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor‐α (TGF‐α), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and trefoil factors (TFFs) are mainly involved in the reconstitution of the epithelial structures. Plateled derived growth factor (PDGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) play a major role in the reconstitution of connective tissue, including vessels and smooth muscle cells, and provide the extracellular matrix substrate for cell migration and differentiation. The expression of these growth factors and their receptors is increased during ulcer healing and, in some cases, intracellular signaling related to receptor binding and trasduction has been demonstrated. EGF, TGF‐α and TFFs are normaly present either in the gastric juice or in the mucosa, and may exert their effects immediately after damage, before newly synthesized EGF and TFFs are released from the ulcer margin. The inhibition of their effects by neutralizing antibodies may result in delayed ulcer healing, while the administration of recombinant or natural analogues may improve ulcer repair. In this review, we will summarize the basic molecular characteristics of some of these growth factors, and will discuss available evidence supporting their role in the ulcer repair process. Microsc. Res. Tech. 53:360–371, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microglia in neurodegeneration: Molecular aspects
Authors: Gebicke‐Haerter Peter J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInflammatory events in the CNS are associated with injuries as well as with well‐known chronic degenerative diseases, such as Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson′s, or Alzheimer′s disease. Compared to inflammation in peripheral tissues, inflammation in brain appears to follow distinct pathways and time‐courses, which likely has to do with a relatively strong immunosuppression in that organ. For this reason, it is of great importance to get insights into the molecular mechanism governing immune reactions in brain tissue. This task is hard to achieve in vivo, but can be approached by studying the major cell type responsible for brain inflammation, the microglia, in culture. Since these cells are the only professional antigen‐presenting cells resident in brain parenchyma, molecular mechanisms of antigen presentation are being discussed first. After covering the expression and regulation of anti‐ and proinflammatory cytokines, induction and regulation of two key enzymes and their products—COX‐2 and iNOS—are summarized. Possibly, pivotal molecular targets for drug therapies of brain disorders will be discovered in intracellular signaling pathways leading to activation of transcription factors. Finally, the impact of growth factors, of neurotrophins in particular, is highlighted. It is concluded that the presently available data on the molecular level is far from being statisfying, but that only from better insights into molecular events will we obtain the information required for more specific therapies. Microsc. Res. Tech. 54:47–58, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visceral regeneration in holothurians
Authors: García‐Arrarás José E. , Greenberg Michael J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHolothurians, or sea cucumbers, exhibit two processes that have intrigued biologists for decades: autotomy and regeneration. Autotomy includes the loss of body parts by evisceration or fission, and regeneration is the extraordinary process by which the lost organs are replaced. In this article, we review the literature on evisceration, transection, and visceral regeneration in holothurians and compare these processes in different orders and lower taxa. Focusing mainly on the digestive tube, we analyze regeneration from a cellular perspective, considering especially the origin, migration, and proliferation of the cellular components of the regenerated organ. The data highlight the most interesting aspects of holothurian regeneration and indicate those critical problems requiring new information and new approaches. Microsc. Res. Tech. 55:438–451, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pheromonal discriminations of sex, reproductive condition, and species by the lacertid lizard Podarcis hispanica
Authors: Cooper William E. , Pèrez‐Mellado Valentín 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn some vertebrate taxa, pheromones provide important information about species, sex, reproductive condition, kinship, and even individual identity. Because they possess highly developed nasal chemosensory systems, lizards are capable of many chemical discriminations, but many aspects of their pheromonal communication remain poorly understood even in major families. We report that males of a lacertid lizard, Podarcis muralis, are capable of differential response to surface chemical cues from conspecific males and females, from gravid and nongravid females, and from conspecific females and females of the closely related sympatric congener, P. bocagei carbonelli. In 60 sec trials in which stimuli from the femoral, cloacal, lateral, and upper body surfaces were presented to males on cotton swabs, males tongue‐flicked at significantly higher rates to stimuli from conspecific females than males, from conspecific nongravid than gravid females, and from conspecific than heterospecific females. Responses to stimuli from conspecific males did not differ from those to distilled water. Together with previous findings that males can distinguish between chemical cues from familiar and unfamiliar males, these findings suggest that pheromones provide male P. hispanica important information regarding the presence of sexual rivals and the reproductive condition of potential mates without visually encountering other lizards. A growing body of literature indicates that lacertids are capable of sophisticated pheromonal discriminations that may play important roles in their social behavior. J. Exp. Zool. 292:523–527, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.