bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variation of certain nutrients and micro components of water and four hydrophytes in different polluted sites, Nile River, Aswan, Egypt
Authors: Mohamed Amal , Metwally Elzahraa , Sheded Mohamed 
Published: February 2024

The chemical composition of hydrophytes is affected by many environmental and physiological factors. The content of certain nutrients and micro components in the tissues of four hydrophytes, Persicaria senegalensis L., Ceratophyllum demersum L., Potamogeton crispus L. and P. perfoliatus L., was investigated over four seasons. These hydrophytes were collected from different sites in the Nile River in Aswan subjected to domestic-like, industrial and agricultural pollutions and non-polluted conditions. The plant tissues were digested and nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO43-), sulfate (SO42-), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), chloride (Cl-), fluoride (F-) and bromide (Br-) were measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The distribution of the different hydrophytes was related to different levels or types of pollution. Persicaria senegalensis was the most tolerant of the pollution conditions that appeared in all sites during all seasons. Both pollution and seasonal variability affected the concentration of different nutrients in the tissues of the studied hydrophytes. In general, the concentration of all nutrients increased in the polluted conditions. The concentrations of NO3- and PO43- were low comparing to other nutrients in both water samples and plant tissues. The highest concentrations of SO42- were detected in summer for all studied hydrophytes. The highest concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in P. senegalensis were measured in autumn and spring, respectively. The seasonal maxima of the concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ of C. demersum, P. crispus and P. perfolitas were detected in winter, spring and autumn, respectively. In conclusion, Persicaria senegalensis was proven to have the widest range of tolerance of water quality, suggesting it could be a more reliable bio-indicator than the other three hydrophytes.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTEREST IN LEARNING AND LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT IN ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
Authors: Egi Setiawan  , Abdul Kodir  , Yal Robiyansyah  , Tia Putri Pratiwi  
Published: February 2024

This research aims to determine the relationship between interest in learning and learning achievement in Islamic Religious Education subjects at SMK Informatika Bina Generasi 2 Bogor for the 2023/2024 academic year. This research is a type of quantitative research. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and documentation. The population in this study were students in Classes X and XI with a total of 133 students. The sample in this study consisted of 100 respondents. This sampling technique uses purposive sampling, the collection technique of which is based on certain considerations. Data analysis was tested using correlation analysis, validity, reliability, linear regression, and hypothesis testing. The results of the research show that there is a relationship between interest in learning and student achievement in Islamic Religious Education subjects. After carrying out a simple linear regression test, the value obtained from the formula Y= a+bX = 66.478 + 0.234X means that student learning achievement in Islamic religious education subjects is worth 66.478. The regression coefficient value of student interest in learning is 0.234. Apart from that, there is a significant relationship between interest in learning and PAI learning achievement at SMK Informatika Bina Generasi 2 Bogor, obtained rcount of 0.440 > rtable 0.195, while the Determination Coefficient contributes 19.4% to variable Y (Learning Achievement) in PAI subjects. The remaining 80.6% of student learning achievement is influenced by other factors. From the results of the research conducted, it was concluded that there is a significant relationship between interest in learning and student learning achievement.
Analyse du rapport Laurent à la lumière de la perspective des systèmes de Munro
Authors: Robichaud Marie-Joëlle , Vargas Diaz Rosita , Leclair Mallette Isabelle-Ann , Lalande Célyne , Bourque Mélanie , Bourgelas Camille 
Published: February 2024

Étant donné la complexité et les hauts risques associés à la pratique en contexte de protection de la jeunesse (PJ), les « erreurs » ou les « drames » sont inévitables (Munro, 2005). En ce sens, dans sa perspective des systèmes, Munro argumente que pour les réduire au maximum et améliorer la performance globale des systèmes de PJ, il faut que les « erreurs », qui sont souvent individualisées au niveau des professionnelles, soient plutôt analysées au sein d’un système managérial et organisationnel plus large (2005; 2011; 2019). Plus précisément, il faut prendre en compte 1) les facteurs liés aux individus, 2) les ressources et les contraintes ainsi que 3) le contexte organisationnel, et comprendre comment ceux-ci influencent l’exercice des professionnelles et la qualité des services aux jeunes et à leurs familles (Munro et Hubbard, 2011). L’objectif de cet article est de présenter, à la lumière des trois niveaux de la perspective des systèmes (Munro, 2005; 2011; 2019), une analyse critique des conditions de pratique des professionnelles des services de PJ telles que présentées dans le rapport de la Commission spéciale sur les droits des enfants et la protection de la jeunesse (CSDEPJ, appelée commission Laurent). L’analyse thématique complète du rapport a permis d’identifier trois axes thématiques transversaux aux conditions de pratique : 1) la gestion de la performance; 2) la culture du risque et 3) le vécu des professionnelles. Les constats découlant de ces trois axes présentent des cohérences, mais aussi certaines tensions et discontinuités avec la perspective des systèmes : 1) la prépondérance de recommand’Actions qui s’intéressent aux professionnelles en comparaison des deux autres niveaux, soit les ressources et l’organisation; 2) des propositions qui posent le risque de resserrer le contrôle des pratiques plutôt que de valoriser l’expertise des professionnelles; 3) des stratégies qui misent sur l’adaptation plutôt que sur le changement vers une culture d’apprentissage. Les similitudes, les écarts et les discontinuités entre les constats et les recommand’Actions sont discutés afin d’illustrer certains angles morts du rapport Laurent, notamment la valorisation d’une culture d’apprentissage cohérente avec l’incertitude et l’exceptionnalité du travail en contexte de PJ.
Production and Quality Evaluation of Acha (D.exilis)-Cowpea (Phaseleous vulgaris)-Carrot (Daucus carota) Based Couscous
Authors: Ayo J. A.  , Ibrahim A. N.  , Orafa, P. N.  , Omolagu A. C.  , Gbuusu, B.  , Vongfa A. C.  
Published: February 2024

The quality of couscous produced from acha, cowpea and carrot flour blends were investigated. The chemical composition, functional and pasting properties of acha, cowpea and carrot flour blends and sensory properties of the couscous prepared from acha, cowpea and carrot flour blends at ratios of 100:0:0; 90:5:5; 80:10:10; 75:15:10; 70:15:15; 65:20:15; 60:20:20; 55:25:20 and 50:25:25 were analyzed using standard methods. The moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash and crude fiber contents increased from 9.38 to 14.49, 8.40 to 9.75, 1.59 to 2.62, 3.89 to 5.85 and 2.77 to 3.31%, respectively with increase in the addition of cowpea and carrot flours. While the carbohydrates decreased from 73.97 to 63.98% with increase in the addition of cowpea and carrot flours. The sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and phosphorus contents of the couscous samples content ranged from 13.51 to 33.78, 89.10 to 128.44, 23.20 to 40.72, 1.80 to 4.44, 3.71 to 14, 125.72 to 196. 35 and 91.53 to 118.91 mg/100g, respectively. The average mean scores for mouth feel, texture and flavor increased from 5.75 to 6.88, 6.00 to 7.18 and 6.68 to 6.94, respectively, with increase in cowpea flour up to 20% and decreased with further increase. The most acceptable and preferred couscous blend was that with 20% cowpea and 15% carrot flour with corresponding improvement of 12.38% protein and 44.18% fiber content. The acceptability of acha-cowpea-carrot flour blend couscous could greatly improve the nutritional intake of the consumers and as well reduce importation of wheat flour and encourage commercial growth of cowpea and carrot in Nigeria.
The Effect of Upturn National Bank Billing System on Revenue Collection in the County Government of Nandi in Kenya
Authors: Limo Elly Kipkemboi , Koskei Loice 
Published: February 2024

The Constitution of Kenya 2010, led to the devolution of various public services to county governments, including the responsibility of revenue collection to fund their operations and functions. When the optimal collection of necessary revenues by county governments is not achieved, the public may suffer adverse consequences, experiencing poor service delivery. This study examined the effect of Upturn National Bank billing system on revenue collection in the county government of Nandi and was guided by the revenue diversification theory and the resource-based view theory. The study employed a descriptive research design. The target population of the study was 4,017 employees in the twelve departments of the county government of Nandi. This study used the Yamane (1973) formula to get the sample size and stratified random sampling to select respondents. Data was collected through questionnaires. The statistical package for social sciences was used to analyse the data. Inferential statistics was used to compare each independent variable with the dependent variable. The relationship between variables was evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Furthermore, regression analysis was conducted to analyze the combined effect of the variables. The study variables were tested at a significance level of 5%. Tables were used to present findings. Results revealed that the Nandi county government’s electronic billing system had a positive and significant impact on revenue collection (β =0.184, p =0.000). The use of online platforms streamlined billing processes. This study recommended that the county’s billing should be done through online platforms. The county’s internal audit department should ensure that there are adequate electronic checks in bank accounts. Findings of this study are important to the county governments as they would form a basis against which robust billing policies would be instituted to enhance revenue collection. Additionally, this study would add to theory on e-billing and revenue collection for devolved systems of government.
Effect of Different Transplanting Dates on Performance of Different Varieties on Growth of Broccoli
Authors: Kamboj Anshu , Shallu  , Parkash Ravi 
Published: February 2024

The field trail was undertaken on the crop broccoli in the Rabi season of 2022-23 at Agriculture Research Farm, School of Agricultural Sciences and Technology RIMT University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab to find out the “Effect of different transplanting dates on performance of different varieties on growth of broccoli”. The soil of the experimental plot had a slightly alkaline texture, a naturally occurring pH of 7.5, level of organic carbon (0.62%) and available amounts of N (430.32 kg/ha), P (17.54 kg/ha) and K (251.65 kg/ha). The experiment was designed in Factorial randomized block design (FRBD), replicated with three times and included nine treatments i.e. D1V1 (5th November + Rani Hybrid), D2V1 (15th November + Rani Hybrid), D3V1 (25th November + Rani Hybrid), D1V2 (5th November + Palam Samridhi), D2V2 (15th November + Palam Samridhi), D3V2 (25th November + Palam Samridhi), D1V3 (5th November + Bobby Hybrid), D2V3 (15th November + Bobby Hybrid) and D3V3 (25th November + Bobby Hybrid). The results indicated that significantly higher growth parameters viz., number of leaves per plant, plant height, leaf length, width and plant spread was observed on the 15th November transplanting as compared to 5th November and 25th November transplanting dates. In conclusion establishment of variety Palam Samridhi showed an excellent result on the 15th November transplanting date as compared to other transplanting dates.
Investigating the Bioactive Potential of Persicaria hydropiper: GC-MS Profiling and In vivo Exploration of Antinociceptive and Antidiarrheal Effects
Authors: Chowdhury Maria , Ritu Tajmim Jahan , Nahar Nazmun 
Published: February 2024

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the impact of methanol-derived leaf extracts from the Persicaria hydropiper plant on the GCMS analysis and in-vivo antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activities.
Study Design: The GCMS analysis was used to analyze the phytochemicals of the methanolic extract of Persicaria hydropiper (MEPH). The research aimed to investigate the possible in-vivo activities, including the antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activity, of the plant's chemical ingredient, which is of pharmaceutical significance. Whether the changes seen in experimental animals have statistical significance.
Methodology: Potential antinociceptive and antidiarrheal properties of MEPH were studied after phytochemicals were found by GCMS analysis of the plant. Swiss albino mice assessed antidiarrheal activity using the castor oil-induced method and antinociceptive activities at various dosages using the hotplate and glutamate-induced nociception methods, respectively.
Results: The MEPH GCMS analysis revealed that 65 phytochemicals were found which have greater pharmacological activities. In contrast, MEPH inhibited peripheral nociception in the glutamate-induced paw licking nociceptive paradigm with percent inhibitions of 86.53 and 93.59, respectively. In addition, the hot plate test revealed a significant antinociceptive effect. Where the castor oil-induced antidiarrheal method showed 80.16 and 87% of inhibition of diarrhea compared to the standard loperamide's value of 84.19%. Each pharmacological model was experimented using the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg.Conclusion: Several pathological conditions, including dysentery, Persistent diarrhea, arthritis and other pain, inflammation related diseases, may benefit in the future from the use of plant-derived pharmacological agents due to their antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activities.
Impact of Clinical Severity on Maternal and Perinatal Outcome Across Trimesters in COVID 19 Pregnancies: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kubiszeski EH  , Carmo MAMV  , Carmo AV  , AANCR Rosa , Carvalho AMB  , Souza NS  , Fontes CJ  , Galera MF  
Published: February 2024

Aims: To analyze the impact of clinical severity on maternal and perinatal outcomes across trimesters in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pregnancies.
Study design: This was a prospective open cohort study of pregnant women with COVID-19 during the prenatal, delivery, postpartum periods from September 2020 to March 2022.
Methodology: For data analysis, 132 pregnant women who had no pre-existing comorbidities or pregnancy-related complications at the beginning of the cohort were selected. Data related to COVID-19, demographic, clinical, obstetric, laboratory, ultrasound and birth outcomes were collected.
Results: A total of 132 pregnant women with COVID-19 were followed up for 2237 women-week. Among them, 19.7% experienced maternal complications such as premature rupture of membranes (19.7%), premature delivery (10.6%), postpartum hemorrhage (8.3%), and preeclampsia (6.8%), or fetal/neonatal complications, including small for gestational age (9.1%), need for neonatal intensive care unit (9.1%), and acute fetal distress (6.1%). Having moderate/severe COVID-19 on prenatal care admission (hazard ratio (HR):3.75) and 95% confidence interval (CI95%):1.63; 8.61 or contracting the infection during the second (HR: 6.35; CI95%: 2.35; 17.17) or third trimester (HR:14.35; CI95%:4.85; 42.41) of pregnancy were significantly associated with these maternal complications. Similarly, having moderate/severe COVID-19 on prenatal care admission (HR:3.90; CI95%:1.48; 10.24) or contracting the infection during the second (HR:6.84; CI95%:2.05; 22.84) or third trimester (HR:22.4; CI95%:6.57; 76.33) of pregnancy were also associated with fetal/neonatal complications.
Conclusion: Pregnant women with COVID-19 have a higher risk of maternal or fetal/neonatal complications if they present with a moderate/severe COVID-19 on prenatal care admission or if the infection occurs in the second or third trimester of pregnancy.
A Survey on the Role of Technological Innovation in Nigerian Deposit Money Bank Fraud Prevention
Authors: Adeyemo Kabiru , Obafemi Fatoki Jacob 
Published: February 2024

Technological innovation plays a pivotal role in transforming the landscape of fraud prevention within Nigeria Deposit Money Banks (DMBs). This research explores the multifaceted impact of advanced technologies on fortifying the defenses of DMBs against fraudulent activities. Leveraging a comprehensive analysis of survey results and empirical data, the study delves into the perceptions and attitudes of stakeholders towards the integration of innovative solutions, including advanced data analytics, machine learning algorithms, real-time monitoring systems, and block chain technology. The findings reveal a widespread consensus among participants regarding the positive impact of these technologies on early fraud detection, prevention, and overall security. Notably, 86% of respondents acknowledge the positive impact of advanced data analytics and machine learning algorithms, emphasizing their potential benefits in thwarting fraudulent activities. Real-time monitoring systems, artificial intelligence, robust encryption, and cyber security protocols were also recognized by a majority of participants, affirming their crucial roles in bolstering fraud prevention measures within DMBs. The study employs a chi-square test to establish significant relationships between technological innovation and the enhancement of fraud prevention mechanisms, supported by calculated values exceeding critical thresholds. Furthermore, the abstract highlights the importance of continuous staff training, collaboration with fintech innovators, and regular security audits as integral components of a holistic fraud prevention strategy. The overall positive sentiments expressed by respondents underscore the transformative potential of technological innovation in mitigating fraud risks. This study contributes valuable insights that inform decision-making processes, guiding the strategic integration of advanced technologies within the Nigerian banking sector to reinforce operational frameworks against emerging fraud challenges. Technological innovation stands as an indispensable catalyst for fortifying the defense mechanisms of Nigeria Deposit Money Banks against fraud. The seamless integration of advanced technologies not only enhances security measures but also fosters a more robust, efficient, and resilient banking system, thereby mitigating risks and fostering sustainable growth in the financial sector.
Hydroboration
Authors: Zaidlewicz Marek 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe hydroboration reaction and transformations of its organoborane products are described. The mechanism and the chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselectivity of the uncatalyzed and catalyzed hydroboration reaction are presented, as well as the synthesis and characteristics of the most common hydroborating agents. Transformations of organoboranes may involve carbon–heteroatom bond formation and lead to stereoselective synthesis of organic halides, amines, aziridines, sulfur, selenium, mercury, and zinc compounds. Hydroboration–protonolysis is a nonocatalytic method for cis hydrogenation of multiple bonds. Hydroboration–oxidation is a standard method for cis‐anti‐Markovnikov hydroxylation of multiple bonds, whereas the catalyzed hydroboration may lead to Markovnikov hydroxylation. Contrathermodynamic isomerization of olefins is discussed. Carbon–carbon bond formation can be accomplished by transformation of organoboranes through coupling of groups attached to boron, cross‐coupling of organoboranes with organic halides and triflates, organoborate rearrangements providing access to alkynes, dienes, and enynes. Single‐carbon insertion reactions, make possible homologation of organoboranes. Other transformations include α‐alkylation of carbonyl compounds, the boron Wittig reaction, concerted reactions of allylic and vinylic boranes, allylboration, allenylboration and propargylboration of aldehydes leading to stereodefined allylic, homoallylic, and allenyl alcohols. The synthesis of boron‐containing polymers and isotopically labeled compounds is covered. Asymmetric synthesis via chiral organoboranes and stereodirected enolboration–aldolization is described.
Sodium Chloride
Authors: Feldman Susan R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSodium chloride (common salt, halite) is an abundant resource that is essential to humans and animals as a nutrient for proper bodily functions. Commercially, salt is produced by deep mining of underground halite formations, solar evaporation of seawater or natural brines, or by solution mining of bedded deposits. A strong electrolyte, sodium chloride is used as a raw material for many chemical reactions. Its uses number ∼14,000, with chemical production and highway deicing being the biggest volume users. Salt is the carrier for the nutrient iodine, used to prevent iodine deficiency disorders. The history of salt demonstrates the importance of this essential nutrient to the outcome of world history and development of language, formation of cities, and the locations of industry.
Hydrocarbons
Authors: Mears David E. , Eastman Alan D. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Hydrocarbons, compounds of carbon and hydrogen, are structurally classified as aromatic and aliphatic; the latter includes alkanes (paraffins), alkenes (olefins), alkynes (acetylenes), and cycloparaffins. Hydrocarbons are important sources for energy and chemicals and are directly related to the gross national product. The United States has led the world in developing refining and petrochemical processes for hydrocarbons from crude oil and natural gas.
Hydrocarbons are used in the production of lubricants, in agriculture and food, in coatings, and in polymers. Toxicity and regulatory issues, including U.S. Clean Air Acts, the Clean Water Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and others are discussed.
The focus of this article is on the first three members of the alkane family, methane, ethane, and propane; the two isomeric butanes; the three isomeric pentanes; hexanes; and cyclohexane. Their properties, manufacture, and uses are described.Natural gas is the principal source of methanes, ethanes, and propane. Butanes are recovered from natural gas and petroleum refining streams. Pentanes occur in straight‐run gasoline and certain refining streams. Hexane and cyclohexane can be obtained from crude oil. High purity cyclohexane is made by hydrogenation of benzene.Principal uses of the alkanes are as fuels and as raw materials for essential chemical intermediates, notably ethylene from ethane and propane and nylon precursors from cyclohexane.
Sutures
Authors: Chu C. C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAmong wound closure biomaterials, sutures have the longest history, have received the most attention, and are the most widely used. A suture is a strand of material, either natural or synthetic, used to ligate blood vessels and to approximate tissue together. In this article, all aspects of suture‐based wound closure biomaterials, their classification, and chemical, physical, mechanical, biological, and biodegradation properties are concisely covered. Catgut and silk dominated the suture market until 1930. The introduction of steel wire and synthetic nonabsorbable fibers such as nylon, polyester, and polypropylene during and after World War II greatly expanded the chemical composition of suture materials. The introduction of absorbable suture materials in the 1970s opened a new milestone for suture materials. The most important advantage of synthetic absorbable sutures is their reproducible and predictable degradability inside a biological environment.