bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Celecoxib ameliorates diabetic sarcopenia by inhibiting inflammation, stress response, mitochondrial dysfunction, and subsequent activation of the protein degradation systems
Authors: Deng Chunyan , Lu Chunfeng , Wang Kexin , Chang Mengyuan , Shen Yuntian , Yang Xiaoming , Sun Hualin , Yao Xinlei , Qiu Chunjian , Xu Feng 
Published: January 2024

Aim: Diabetic sarcopenia leads to disability and seriously affects the quality of life. Currently, there are no effective therapeutic strategies for diabetic sarcopenia. Our previous studies have shown that inflammation plays a critical role in skeletal muscle atrophy. Interestingly, the connection between chronic inflammation and diabetic complications has been revealed. However, the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug celecoxib on diabetic sarcopenia remains unclear.Materials and Methods: The streptozotocin (streptozotocin)-induced diabetic sarcopenia model was established. Rotarod test and grip strength test were used to assess skeletal muscle function. Hematoxylin and eosin and immunofluorescence staining were performed to evaluate inflammatory infiltration and the morphology of motor endplates in skeletal muscles. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) staining was used to determine the number of succinate dehydrogenase-positive muscle fibers. Dihydroethidium staining was performed to assess the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Western blot was used to measure the levels of proteins involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, ubiquitination, and autophagic-lysosomal pathway. Transmission electron microscopy was used to evaluate mitophagy.Results: Celecoxib significantly ameliorated skeletal muscle atrophy, improving skeletal muscle function and preserving motor endplates in diabetic mice. Celecoxib also decreased infiltration of inflammatory cell, reduced the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, and suppressed the activation of NF-κB, Stat3, and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways in diabetic skeletal muscles. Celecoxib decreased reactive oxygen species levels, downregulated the levels of Nox2 and Nox4, upregulated the levels of GPX1 and Nrf2, and further suppressed endoplasmic reticulum stress by inhibiting the activation of the Perk-EIF-2α-ATF4-Chop in diabetic skeletal muscles. Celecoxib also inhibited the levels of Foxo3a, Fbx32 and MuRF1 in the ubiquitin-proteasome system, as well as the levels of BNIP3, Beclin1, ATG7, and LC3Ⅱ in the autophagic-lysosomal system, and celecoxib protected mitochondria and promoted mitochondrial biogenesis by elevating the levels of SIRT1 and PGC1-α, increased the number of SDH-positive fibers in diabetic skeletal muscles.Conclusion: Celecoxib improved diabetic sarcopenia by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and protecting mitochondria, and subsequently suppressing proteolytic systems. Our study provides evidences for the molecular mechanism and treatment of diabetic sarcopenia, and broaden the way for the new use of celecoxib in diabetic sarcopenia.
Microbiological substantiation of the effectiveness of quercitin and its combination with ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate in the complex treatment of odontogenic phlegmon and maxillofacial abscesses
Authors: Lokes Kateryna , Kiptilyi Anatolii , Skikevych Margaryta , Steblovskyi Dmytro , Lychman Vitaliy , Bilokon Serhii , Avetikov David 
Published: January 2024

Odontogenic infections can become life-threatening. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of quercitin and its combination with ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate in the complex treatment of odontogenic infections by assessing the microbial population of the infection site.Materials and methodsThe cross-sectional study included 75 patients. Purulent exudate was collected from the infection site. The number of colony-forming units was counted using the standard plate method.ResultsThe microbiological examination of purulent exudate obtained from the patients revealed the general prevalence of Gram-positive cocci. On the seventh day of treatment, the total number of microorganisms in the purulent exudate of patients in group I, whose treatment included a combination of the standard protocol with quercitin, significantly decreased compared to the first day of the same group. The results of treatment of patients in group II, which included the standard protocol in combination with quercitin and 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate, demonstrate a significant decrease in the total number of bacteria in the infection focus on the fifth day of treatment compared to this indicator of the group at the beginning of the study.ConclusionsWhen quercitin was used as part of complex treatment, the total treatment period was reduced by 1.4 days. However, the combined use of quercitin and ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate against the background of standard treatment of patients with odontogenic infection contributed to a reduction in hospital stay by 2 days.
ANALISIS SIKAP KONSUMEN PRODUK KERAJINAN ROTAN DI KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: Ocenia Yolanda , Dewi Novia , Kusumawaty Yeni 
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui presepsi konsumen produk kerajinan rotan di Kota Pekanbaru. Ketidakmampuan para pengrajin dalam memasarkan produk hasil olahan rotan secara modern semakin menambah permasalahan para produsen hasil olahan rotan dalam memasarkan produk rotanya. Para pelaku usaha kerajian rotan harus mampu memahami apa yang menjadi dasar keputusan pembelian konsumen terhadap produk kerajinan rotan. Hal ini diperlukan agar pemasar mampu memprediksi sikap konsumen dan menyesuaikan strategi pemasarannya dengan sikap tersebut. Pemilihan tempat pada penelitian ini dilakukan di jalan Yos Sudarso Kecamatan Rumbai Kota Pekanbaru. Pemilihan tempat penelitian ini berdasarkan atas pertimbangan di Jalan Yos Sudarso merupakan salah satu pusat sentra kerajinan rotan di Kota Pekanbaru. Metode pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling, dengan jumlah sampel yang diambil sebanyak 100 responden. Sumber data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Metode analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu analisis Multi Dimensional Scaling menggunakan program software IBM SPSS (Statical Product and Service Solutions) Statistic 2. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa persepsi konsumen terhadap produk kerajinan rotan di Kota Pekanbaru berdasarkan penilaian konsumen terhadap atribut-atribut yang melekat pada produk kerajinan rotan, akan menentukan alternatif pilihan pada produk kerajinan rotan. Produk pilihan pertama konsumen dalam produk kerajinan rotan adalah kursi rotan, kemudian pilihan selanjutnya yaitu pot bunga rotan, kemudian pilihan terakhir yaitu keranjang rotan.
Lomitapide: A Medication Use Evaluation and a Formulary Perspective
Authors: Esba Laila Carolina Abu , Alharbi Hani 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Lomitapide is approved for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, which is a rare genetic disorder. The evidence regarding its safety and efficacy from a small clinical trial requires further validation for effectiveness and safety in the real world. This study aimed to use institutional data on the effectiveness and safety of lomitapide to assist in formulating a perspective on adding it to the formulary.

Methods
This was a retrospective review of patients who were actively prescribed lomitapide at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from 2019 to 2022. Data collection included demographics, confirmed gene mutation results, duration of lomitapide therapy, baseline, on-treatment, last LDL-C levels, percent reduction in LDL-C after 1-3 months of therapy (whichever was first available), other LDL-C lowering therapies used, liver function tests, adverse effects, and compliance.

Results
Eight adult patients were included in the review, with a mean age of 25.5 years. Approximately 75% were female, and the duration of treatment with lomitapide ranged from 9 months to 3 years. None of the patients were on continuous LDL apheresis. The mean baseline LDL-C at presentation to our facility was 17.2 mmol/L (range, 11.78–21.97 mmol/L), the mean percent drop in LDL-C with lomitapide was 34.1% (range, 0%–87%), gastrointestinal disturbances were documented in 50% of the patients, and no cases of severe liver toxicities or increase in liver enzymes were seen.

Conclusions
In our cohort of adult patients, lomitapide showed an overall modest reduction in LDL-C, with no cases of increase in liver enzymes and documented intolerance, indicating that most patients were likely noncompliant. This review revealed important considerations when reimbursing expensive medications for rare diseases. Real-world evidence in real-time can support healthcare systems in price negotiations and reaching mutual agreements that can eventually improve patient access to care.
Penentuan Batas Kondisi Kerja pada Desain Alat Penahan Pintu Berbasis Compliant Mechanism Dengan Menggunakan Response Surface Optimization Berbasis Metode Elemen Hingga
Authors: Annanto Gilar Pandu 
Published: January 2024

Compliant mechanism adalah sebuah mekanisme yang dapat digunakan untuk menyederhanakan mekanisme kompleks yang memiliki lebih dari 1 komponen pendukung menjadi sebuah komponen tunggal tanpa mengurangi fungsi dari mekanisme tersebut. Untuk melakukan sebuah Gerakan, Compliant mechanism sepenuhnya mengandalkan sifat mekanis dari material sehingga hal ini perlu dipertimbangkan pada saat proses perancangan guna memastikan batas kemampuan rancangan agar kemudian tidak mengalami kegagalan pada saat digunakan. Salah satu rancangan berbasis compliant mechanism yang telah dikembangkan adalah alat penahan pintu. Alat penahan pintu dirancang berdasarkan kebutuhan pada saat pandemi COVID-19 dimana kontak fisik menggunakan tangan sangat dibatasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui batasan kerja yang optimal dari alat penahan pintu ketika digunakan. Metode surface response optimization berbasis metode elemen hingga digunakan untuk mengetahui nilai yang optimal dengan batasan berupa nilai deformasi serta nilai tegangan. Dari hasil pengujian, diketahui bahwa kondisi kerja optimal dari alat penahan pintu yang dirancang adalah pada pembebanan senilai 17,095 N dengan nilai tegangan sebesar 65,947 MPa dan deformasi pada titik pengunci sebesar 9,98 mm.
KETERAMPILAN GURU DALAM MENERAPKAN STRATEGI DRTA (DIRECTED READING THINKING ACTIVITY) DI KELAS III PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 SDN 1 PANJI LOR KECAMATAN PANJI KABUPATEN SITUBONDO T.H 2020/2021
Authors: Sugiarti Sugiarti , Bramantha Heldie , Pratiwi Vidya 
Published: January 2024

iPendidikan isangat ierat ihubungannya idengan iminat ibelajar iyang di mana pendidikan itidak iakan iberjalan iapabila tidak terdapat iminat ibelajar idisetiap isiswa. iMinat ibelajar imemegang iperanan ipenting idalam ibelajar.Karena iminat ibelajar iini imerupakan isuatu ikekuatan imotivasi iyang menyebabkan iseseorang imemusatkanperhatian iterhadap iseseorang iatau ikegiatan itertentu.Minat idiartikan isebagaikecenderungan isubjek iyang imenetap iuntuk imerasa itertarik ipada ibidang istudi iatau ipokok ibahasan itertentu idan imerasa isenang imempelajari imateri itersebut.Dalam ipenelitian iini ipeneliti imengambil ijenis ipenelitian ideskriptif idengan ipendekatan ikualitatif.Lokasi iyang imenjadi itempat ipenelitian iyaitu iditempatkan idi iSDN i1 iWringin iAnom iDesa iWringin iAnom iKecamatan iJati iBanteng. iPeneliti imemilih itempat idi iSDN i1 iWringin iAnom i ikarena isesuai iobservasi iyang idilakukan ioleh ipeneliti imasih ibanyak imasalah-masalah ikurangnya iminat ibelajar isiswa ikhususnya ipada imasa ipandemi iCovid-19 iyang imengakibatkan isiswa iuntuk ibelajar idirumah iserta imengakibatkan isiswa iakan ilebih imalas iuntuk ibelajar ikhususnya ipada ipembelajara iMatematika.Berdasarkan ihasil ipenelitian iyang idi ilakukan idi iSD iNegeri i1 iWringin iAnom iKecamatan iJatibanteng itentang iMinat ibelajar iMatematika ipada imateri ikonsep ipecahan idi iera ipandemi iCovid-19 iyang idi ilakukan isecara idaring idan iluring, ipeneliti imelakukan iwawancara iterhadap iguru ikelas iyang isekaligus imenjadi iguru imatematika idi ikelas i4 iSD inegeri iwringin iAnom ikecamatan iJati iBanteng, iwawancara iyang idi iteliti itentang iminat ibelajar idi iantaranya: iIndikator iMinat iBelajar iMenurut iSlameto i(2010:180) ibeberapa iindikator iminat ibelajar iyaitu: i1) iperasaan isenang, i2) iketertarikan, i3) iperhatian, i4) iketerlibatan isiswa.
PERBEDAAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN EXAMPLES NON EXAMPLES DAN PEMBELAJARAN KONVENSIONAL PADA KELAS V MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI SDN 1 ASEMBAGUS TAHUN PELAJARAN 2022-2023
Authors: Setiawan Gustilas Ade , Zam Zam Syifana Qolbun 
Published: January 2024

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di SDN 1 Asembagus, maka peneliti akan menulis judul “Perbedaan Hasil Belajar Siswa Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Examples Non Examples dan Pembelajaran Konvensional Pada Kelas V Mata Pelajaran Matematika Di SDN 1 Asembagus Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023”. Rumusan masalah penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: Apakah Terdapat Perbedaan Hasil Belajar Siswa Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Examples Non Examples dan Pembelajaran Konvensional Pada Kelas V Mata Pelajaran Matematika Di SDN 1 Asembagus Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018?. Jenis penelitian menggunakan kuantitatif. Desain penelitian dapat diartikan sebagai strategi mengatur latar atau setting penelitian dalam hal ini bertujuan agar peneliti memperoleh data yang tepat atau valid sesuai dengan karakteristik variabel dan tujuan penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu tes dan dokumentasi. Hasil rata-rata yang diperoleh dikelas Eksperimen lebih besar dibandingkan kelas kontrol, yakni rata-rata 78,07 dan simpangan baku (standar deviasi) 12,65 menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Examples Non Examples, sedangkan hasil rata-rata yang diperoleh dikelas Kontrol 70,41 dan simpangan baku (standar deviasi) 9,54 Menggunakan Pembelajaran Konvensional. Berdasarkan perhitungan uji hipotesis, dikatakan bahwa Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat Perbedaan signifikan Hasil Belajar Siswa Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Examples Non Examples dan Pembelajaran Konvensional Pada Kelas V Mata Pelajaran Matematika Di SDN 1 Asembagus Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023 dengan t hitung > t tabel yaitu 2,43>1,67 pada taraf signifikan α = (0,05).
PENINGKATAN MINAT BACA SISWA KELAS V PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA MELALUI POJOK BACA DI SDN 7 KAYUMAS KECAMATAN ARJASA KABUPATEN SITUBONDO TAHUN 2023
Authors: Suyani Suyani , Yulianto Dodik Eko , Setiawan Gustilas Ade 
Published: January 2024

Penelitian yang berjudul Peningkatan Minat Baca siswa kelas V pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia melalui Pojok Baca di SDN 7 Kayumas Kecamatan Arjasa Kabupaten Situbondo Tahun 2023 dilatar belakangi oleh minat baca siswa SDN 7 Kayumas khususnya kelas V masih kurang, banyak siswa yang tidak suka membaca. Hal ini disebabkan karena guru ‘hanya menyuruh anak membaca tanpa memberikan arahan yang membuat mereka termotivasi dalam membaca. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui peningkatan minat baca siswa kelas V pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia melalui pojok baca di SDN 7 Kayumas Kecamatan Arjasa Kabupaten Situbondo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang terbagi menjadi dua siklus. Dimana dalam tiap siklus terdapat tahapan- tahapan diantaranya perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pojok baca dapat meningkatkan minat baca. Hasil analisis minat baca siswa berdasarkan data pra siklus hanya mencapai 49,5% (cukup) setelah dilakukan tindakan melalui pojok baca mengalami peningkatan 13% pada siklus 1 menjadi 62,5% (baik) dan pada siklus 2 naik 18% menjadi 80,5% (baik sekali). Persentase ketuntasan secara klasikal pada pra siklus sebanyak 20 %, pada siklus 1 naik 24 % menjadi 44 % dan siklus 2 naik 36 % menjadi 80 % sehingga sudah mencapai ketuntasan secara klasikal, siswa dikatakan berhasil apabila ketuntasan siswa mencapai 75% (E. Mulyasa, 2010:257).
PENERAPAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN PAIR CHEK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS V SDN 9 PATOKAN PADA MATERI POKOK DAUR AIR TAHUN PELAJARAN 2022/2023
Authors: Rofek Aenor , Kurniawan Nurhafit , Utama Karunia Muda Setya 
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Untuk mengetahui penerapan metode pembelajaran Pair Chek dalam meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa dan Untuk mengetahui peningkatkan hasil belajar siswa setelah Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Pair Chek siswa kelas V SDN 9 Patokan Pada Materi Pokok Daur Air Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas atau PTK. Penelitian ini menggunakan adaptasi model Hopkins, yaitu model skema yang menggunakan prosedur yang dipandang sebagai suatu siklus spiral. Siklus ini terdiri dari empat fase yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi yang diikuti siklus spiral berikutnya penelitian ini menggunakan suatu siklus yang mencakup empat tahap tersebut. Subjek penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SDN 9 Patokan yang merupakan kelas dengan tingkat kemampuan yang heterogen. Hasil Penelitian didapat bahwa pada observasi aktivitas belajar siswa pada pertemuan I mencapai rata-rata 62,96%, dan pertemuan II mencapai 66,67%. Pertemuan III mencapai rata-rata 75,93% dan Pertemuan IV mencapai rata-rata 85,19%. Maka untuk aktivitas belajar siswa dikategorikan sangat baik. Sedangkan untuk Hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I mencapai ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 78% dan pada siklus II ini sudah mencapai standar ketuntasan klasikal 89% sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa tindakan pada siklus II ini berhasil karena telah mencapai ketuntasan klasikal syang diterapkan pihak sekolah yakni mencapai 85%. Kesimpulannya bahwa Penerapan metode Pembelajaran
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DENGAN MOTIVASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING PADA PT. GANSAR JAYA
Authors: Sudarno Sudarno , Prasetyo Indra , Indrawati Mei 
Published: January 2024

The study is to analyze the the influence of leadership style and compensation on employee performance with motivation as an intervening variable in PT. Gansar Jaya. The research method used is quantitative. All employees of PT. Gansar Jaya formed a study group. All 63 employees of PT Gansar Jaya decided on the sample size used in this study. The truth of the premise of this research will be assessed using the partial least squares (PLS) model analysis. Based on the research results, PT. Gansar Jaya's workers perform better under a favorable leadership style and compensation structure. Management attitude and compensation at PT. Gansar Jaya has a positive effect on employee morale. Statistically significant positive effect of PT. Gansar Jaya on employee performance has been proven. Motivation has been shown in PT. Gansar Jaya to mediate how leader style impacts team performance. motivation turns out to be a bridge between compensation and performance at PT. Gansar Jaya.
PERAN JURU TIMBANG DALAM PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN KEMETROLOGIAN DI PASAR TRADISIONAL KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Rini Dyah Setyo , Natsir Mohammad 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
This study aims to find out how the role of Juru Timbang is in improving the quality of metrological services in traditional markets and to identify what factors support and hinder the implementation of the role of Juru Timbang. The research method used in this research is a quantitative descriptive method. By using a sample obtained from a population consisting of Juru Timbang, customer, market coordinators, and metrological service officers. while the data collection technique is in the form of primary data obtained from questionnaires and secondary data from report documents at UPT Legal Metrology Probolinggo Regency. The results of this study indicate that the role of Juru Timbang in Probolinggo Regency has been running very well and has made a good contribution to improving metrological services in traditional markets, although there are several things that need attention, namely related to the Juru Timbang expertise in testing measuring instruments and the speed of Juru Timbang in responding to complaints Customer.
Breast cancer research: in vitro models, markers, and in silico analysis - a narrative review
Authors: Šutković Jasmin , Lokvančić Haris , Sezer Abas 
Published: January 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide but can also affect men. Although the detection and diagnosis of BC is advanced, there is a demand for more efficient approaches to treatment. This review summarizes the most important and latest discoveries in the diagnosis and prevention of breast cancer, using scientific discoveries done in vitro cell models, molecular and genetic markers, and data from different in silico analysis studies. Using Google Scholar and PubMed, scientific articles were searched systematically from inception to November 2023. As search terms in this review, we used: breast cancer, in vitro cell lines in BC, genetic and biochemical markers, and miRNA in BC. Based on the literature search, biochemical and genetic markers play essential roles in breast cancer research, whereas in vitro and silico research utilizes breast cancer cell models. Cell models are indispensable tools for the identification of potential new drugs, offering valuable findings on breast cancer growth dynamics. Molecular markers and innovative research methods not only aid in early detection but also contribute to our understanding of BC at various stages, offering treatment strategies and improving outcomes.
Preliminary survey on the distribution of Ixodid ticks in domestic ruminants and vegetation of Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, South India
Authors: Sahina S , Sithalakshmi S , Balasubramanian R 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Background & objectives:
Tick borne diseases (TBD) are becoming a major public and animal health problem in the Kerala. Recently, during 2021 – 2022, a new focus of tick nuisance and associated fever has been reported in some villages of Pathanamthitta district.

Methods:
The study on the diversity of tick fauna in Southern Kerala is limited. Therefore, a preliminary survey was carried out for the first time in this focus for implementation of future tick borne pathogen detection and control measures. This research may provide a proper understanding of tick density and acarological risk by tick ecology through surveillance and identification. A cross sectional study was conducted during the summer season of 2021 and 2022 in the tick bite infected area – Naduvathumoozhy, Vayakkara, Malayalappuzha and Pallikuzhi.

Results:
Ticks were manually collected from ruminants and by dragging method from vegetation. A total of 727 ticks of 8 different species were collected from the genus Amblyomma, Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma, and Rhipicephalus. The most prevalent species were H. bispinosa and H.turturis, at 38.7% and 29.1%, respectively. Ticks were sampled from 197 animals with the proportion of infestation being 73.60%. It was highest in goats (85.9%), followed by buffalo (73.6%) and cow (65.4%).

Interpretation & conclusion:
The study concludes that, despite the absence of any TBD outbreaks, the Pathanamthitta district has a high diversity of tick fauna and a high rate of tick infestation in domestic ruminants, especially in goats. Hence active tick surveillance is necessary in order to prevent TBD outbreaks in future; the study also emphasizes the importance of performing tick surveillance in both KFD endemic and non-endemic regions.