bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review on Estimation of soil Macronutrients using Satellite Image Processing
Authors: Bera Swagota , Shrivastava Arti , Agrawal Himani , Mandal Sunandal 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Major portion of Indian economy depends on agriculture. More than 40 % of the Indian land is used for agriculture which contributes to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country and also provides employ to the population of the country. Increment in the population day by day increases the requirement for the increment in the yield of the agricultural products. There are several factors which is responsible to control the agricultural product yield. Among them Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium are the macronutrients are the vital elements of the soil . Due to the instability in the climatic condition of India and also due to other biotic and abiotic factors macronutrients get varies. To increase the crop yield, the perfect handling of macronutrients i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are required. As the technology is developing day by day, the application of remote sensing in agriculture is becoming promising. The satellite images of agricultural land can be processed and analysed to provide vital information for efficient agricultural practices. This paper is the review of the present state of art in the field of satellite image processing techniques for the estimation of the macronutrients of the agricultural land. This review will promote the acceptance of hyperspectral image technology for the investigation of soil NPK.
NGC 5216: An interesting galaxy with a sign of merging activity
Authors: Tamrakar Amit Kumar , Chaware Laxmikant 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We present results of isophotal shape analysis of an interesting elliptical galaxy NGC 5216 with a clear sign of merging activity with its companion galaxy NGC 5218. We have used r-bands image analysis of the galaxy from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 9 (i.e. SDSS DR9) to perform bulge-disk decomposition of the light profile of the galaxy. We look for the correlation between systematic departure of isophotes from pure ellipses along the semi-major axis of the galaxies. The contour image of the galaxy clearly indicates that stellar mass exchange is taking place via a star forming bridge. The estimated B/T value confirms its morphology as an elliptical galaxy.
Mathematical modelling of gear upshift and downshift schedule for two-wheeler amt transmission
Authors: Chitgopkar Abhishek , Sakle N A , Bhateshvar Y K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Gear shifting strategy is the key for the successful working of an automated manual transmission (AMT) as it affects the driving experience, fuel economy and dynamic performance of the vehicle. Depending upon the driver’s requirement, AMT can be designed for maximum acceleration performance and fuel efficiency. This project involves generation of gear shift schedule for both the maximum acceleration and fuel economy performance. To generate the gear shift schedule, a mathematical model is developed in MATLAB environment which takes input parameters as: vehicle speed, acceleration and throttle position. For generation of gear upshift schedule for maximum acceleration and fuel economy equation relating acceleration with tractive forces and vehicle’s fuel consumption equation at different throttle position is used respectively. Fuel consumption equation relates to brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) along with vehicle structure. In order to obtain BSFC data, a GT-SUITE model of motorcycle is developed which incorporates data like gear ratio, power, torque and motorcycle weight. Finally, a buffer zone is applied to generated upshift schedule for both maximum acceleration and fuel economy case to get the downshift schedule. The generated gear shift schedule can be utilized for the development of the retrofit AMT kit on manual transmission motorcycle.
Reconfiguration of Distribution Network based DG and Capacitors using Grey Wolf Algorithm for Power Loss Reduction
Authors: Rajalakshmi K. , Vishnupriyan S. , Saravanakumar M.N. , Parivendhan J. , Lese S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Network reconfiguration is one of the methods used for power loss reduction in distribution network by altering the close/open position of Tie/Sectionalizing switches without interruption of power to all loads. The other methods used are placing of distribution generators and connecting capacitors. The best results are obtained when all the three are used simultaneously using grey wolf algorithm which is a recent evolutionary algorithm which gives the place of connection and values of capacitor and distribution generators along with sectionalizing switches which are to be opened. This algorithm was implemented for a standard 33 and 69 bus distribution system in a MATLAB environment for comparing with other algorithms with constraints. This algorithm has good exploration (new search) and exploitation (thorough local search) potential for application in many power system optimization problems.
Design of Cold Plate for a Battery Pack, it’s Experimental Analysis and Simulation.
Authors: Meshram G P , Sable M J , Gosavi S C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The battery is the heart of the Electric Vehicle. Electric vehicles have become popular due to their high tank-to-wheels efficiency and zero-emission. The Electric Vehicles batteries generate heat during operation, and this heat generated must be reduced (cooled) to ensure the safety and long life of the vehicle. Thermal management systems (TMS) are essential for the proper functioning of EV battery pack. This research focuses on the development of cold plate for a battery pack, its experimental and simulation analysis. The battery pack used in this research has a capacity of 250 Wh and the cold plate is designed to dissipate heat from the battery cells to maintain their temperature within a safe operating range (20 – 40°C). The experimental analysis involves testing of the cold plate under different operating conditions, including varying coolant flow rates, discharge C rates and ambient temperatures. The ANSYS Fluent software is used to develop the digital twin (simulational model) to model the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of the cold plate being used in battery pack. The simulation results are to be validated against the experimental results. The main objective of this research is to match the simulation result with the experimental result, thus validating the results of digital twin as an effective tool for cold plate design optimization in battery pack thermal management system. The digital twin can be used to make battery pack of bigger scale with cooling system.[2]
Emerging Technologies in Displacement Amplification of Lever and Bridge-Type Compliant Mechanism: A Review Article
Authors: Kolate Vijay Dilip , Darade P. D. , Deshmukh Harshada , Patil S. R. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This review article provides a survey of emerging technologies in displacement amplification of lever-type and bridge-type compliant mechanisms. The displacement amplification is possible with a compliant mechanism. The compliant mechanism is beneficial and efficient because of simplicity in the design and where there is accuracy, compactness, and precision is needed. We can use various categories of displacement amplification of the compliant mechanism depending upon the application. In recent years, displacement amplification of compliant mechanisms gain more attention to the researchers due to the superiority of the mechanical compliant mechanism is compared with a rigid-body mechanism. Displacement amplification compliant mechanism such as bridge types, lever type, a micro-Leverage Mechanism has briefly discussed. The performance parameters such as the principle of working, types of displacement compliant mechanism, fabrication process, operating frequency and displacement amplification ratio are found out
Failure Analysis of Radio Frequency Coil in MRI System
Authors: Sale Yash P , Pise Uday 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Imaging system and their working is itself very complex in nature. Any minor non-compliance will lead to failure of entire radio frequency coil. In this research paper, we are considering the failure of coil due to breakage of studs on outer frame during assembly. Seven Quality Control Techniques are used to find the root cause and check the effectiveness of implemented measures. Existing material shows extra stickiness during molding operation, that increases the stress within frame. Manual heat stacking process is used for insertion of metal insert, due to its uncontrollable measures, bulging was observed on studs. Sharp edges on the frame concentrate the stress and accelerate the breakage of stud while torquing screw. After research, we finalize alternative material which show better molding properties, introduced automation in heat stacking process and changed design of molding tool. In proto batch production, considerable change observed, like 18% decrease in maximum principal stress and 12% decrease in total deflection were observed.
Design and analysis of newly developed two-wheeler shock absorber helical spring
Authors: Hait Mongaldip , Dey Tapobrata , Sarnobat Sandeep S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Elasticity property/Spring theory indicates that a long lasting spring is always showing small deflection and high stiffness and this property makes it comfortable for any applications. The present investigation deals with a comparative analysis carried out on the basis of sustainability of helical spring that is extensively used in suspension system, to increase the work efficiency of the shock absorber. A suspension system or a shock absorber is a mechanical device that is used to absorb shocks when riding in rough terrains. Stainless Steel grade (AISI316 & AISI302), High Carbon Steel (Music wire grade ASTM A228 & Hard drawn grade ASTM A227) and Alloy Steel (Chrome vanadium grade ASTM A231 & Chrome silicon grade ASTM A401) springs have been utilized throughout the study followed by applying compressive load. In order to enhance the mechanical property of the helical spring, alloy steel based material has been used instead of stainless steel. During this investigation a new shock absorber spring has been designed with the help of Solid Works software and the static structural analysis of the so formed model has been conducted via FEA.
Dynamic Analysis of Gun Barrel Deflection Due to Moving Projectile over Barrel length
Authors: Kakde Vishal Rajesh , Prasad Krishna Nandan , Selmokar Preetam , Mohite Suhas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the Gun Barrel, which is equated to a cantilever beam is subjected to a moving load and its deflection is observed. The output is received through both analytical and numerical methods and a comparison is drawn to support the above arguments. The analytical solution is obtained on Maple software and its numerical counterpart is observed on MATLAB software. The Central Difference Method is employed for the numerical method and Rayleigh damping is used for the calculation of damping matrices. The projectile part of the study is considered as a moving load and hence is viewed as the same in all aspects of the paper. The velocity of the load is constant and retains its value over the complete length of the beam. Overall, this paper attempts to cover a generalized study of the subject matter and intends to shed light on possible applications of the same.
Development of Non-Conventional Method of Lissajous pattern for gear fault diagnosis using Machine Learning Technique
Authors: Bankar Akshay , Wani K.P. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Gears are major elements in machine parts and automotive systems, to transmitting torque and energy between components. As gears are under severe loads and stresses, they can create different types of faults and defects over period, impacting their own performance and reliability. Fault detection is an essential part of gear maintenance because that allows potential issues to be detected before they induce failures or expensive breakdowns. Technicians can identify early indications of wear, imbalance, damage, or even other concerns that might compromise their performance or lead to premature failure by monitoring the condition of gears. The industry has conventionally used vibration signals, thermography, oil analysis, and visually inspecting to diagnose faults. These techniques also have significant limitations which can decrease their accuracy in detecting faults and the cost is also very high. To overcome these limitations, new methods such as Lissajous pattern developed for fault detection in gears. These techniques have proved impressive outcomes in fault detection which have been previously undetectable using Conventional methods. This study evaluates the accuracy, performance, and cost-effectiveness of conventional and non-conventional techniques to determine the best method for fault diagnosis. Once compared to the conventional method, the Lissajous method obtained better accuracy than conventional method.
Improving crash-worthiness and occupant safety of bus seat structures in frontal crashes as per AIS023 using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Purohit Pritee , Gurav Raviraj , Nalavade Sandeep 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Buses are a popular mode of traveling worldwide. In the incidence of a frontal crash (also called a “Head-on collision”) the passengers seating in the second and further rows gets injured due to sudden impact over the front seats. Any accident can cause injury, but statistics show that head-on crashes are even more likely to result in serious harm or fatality to the driver or passengers in either vehicle. During the frontal crash of a bus, if a passenger collides with the next seat and the seat structure performs rigidly it leads to severe injuries. At the same time the front seat should have enough strength to avoid total collapse of the seat. Thus, to avoid injuries, the seat should absorb impact energy and provide sufficient strength. The present study includes The Finite Element Analysis for bus seat as per the AIS-023 setup with the LS-DYNA explicit tool is carried in the present work. The present results ensure the safety capability of the seat structure in a frontal impact.
Development of Modular Wheel for Bicycle Electricfication
Authors: Sharanraj K , Lakshmipathi J , Saravanakumar D , Manickavasagam P , Govardhan YS , Sakthivel G , Jegadeeshwaran R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Our entire world is in the future. Technology has made our lives better throughout time. They use electric bicycles. Cycling is always more environmentally friendly than driving, but the E-bike has seen the most widespread adoption of green transportation during the decade. Just picture an electric bike replacing gasoline-powered scooters rather than a traditional bicycle. The paper focuses on the complete design of modular wheel for bicycle, which includes a hub motor, a customized battery pack, electrical components, and the structural elements. The entire assembly will be contained within a wheel, and wireless communication is used to transmit the throttling signal to the controller. To keep the battery pack and control circuit module to be static while the wheel is spinning was one of the main challenges we faced. The battery pack is mounted to the stator core for non-rotary operation and planetary gear setup is used to generate rotational motion. The design of a proposed modular wheel has been developed using the software tools Solid works, Ansys-Work Bench and Arduino IDE.
Nutritional challenges of substituting farmed animals for wild fish in human diets
Authors: Heilpern Sebastian A , Almeida Rafael M , Fiorella Kathryn J , Flecker Alexander S , Williams Demetra , McIntyre Peter B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Wild fisheries provide billions of people with a key source of multiple essential nutrients. As fisheries plateau or decline, nourishing more people will partially rely on shifting consumption to farmed animals. The environmental implications of transitions among animal-sourced foods have been scrutinized, but their nutritional substitutability remains unclear. We compared concentrations of six essential dietary nutrients across >5000 species of wild fishes, aquaculture, poultry and livestock species, representing >65% of animals consumed globally. Wild fishes are both more nutrient-dense and variable than farmed animals; achieving recommended intake of all nutrients with farmed species could require consuming almost four times more biomass than with wild fish. The challenge of substituting farmed animals for wild fishes are magnified in fishery-dependent nations with high biodiversity and prevalence of malnutrition. Ultimately, the better ability of wild fishes to meet multiple nutrients simultaneously underscores the importance of drawing upon a diverse portfolio of animal- and plant-based foods as societies seek to offset changes in fisheries while achieving healthy and sustainable diets.
Local-scale circulation associated with enhanced poleward moisture transport for Meiyu-Baiu heavy rainfall over western Japan
Authors: Matsumura Shinji , Iizuka Satoshi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Heavy rainfall events in western Japan during early July have become more frequent, yet the underlying mechanism behind this trend during the late stage of the Meiyu-Baiu rainy season remains unclear. Our long-term analysis of short-duration events revealed that a quasi-stationary Rossby wave train enhances the poleward transport of moisture from the western Pacific, contributing to the frequent occurrence of heavy rainfall events over western Japan. The local-scale circulation over the East China Sea plays a substantial role in producing this quasi-stationary Rossby wave train, which is closely linked to enhanced deep convection over the Kuroshio warm current, characterized by a distinct sea surface temperature (SST) front. The coarse resolution of both the model and SST data may hinder the ability of climate simulations to capture the local-scale circulation, underscoring the importance of quasi-stationary atmospheric circulation for a better understanding of heavy rainfall events through poleward moisture transport.
Inhomogeneous entropy production in active crystals with point imperfections
Authors: Caprini L , Löwen H , Marini Bettolo Marconi U 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The presence of defects in solids formed by active particles breaks their discrete translational symmetry. As a consequence, many of their properties become space-dependent and different from those characterizing perfectly ordered structures. Motivated by recent numerical investigations concerning the nonuniform distribution of entropy production and its relation to the configurational properties of active systems, we study theoretically and numerically the spatial profile of the entropy production rate (EPR) when an active solid contains an isotopic mass defect. The theoretical study of such an imperfect active crystal is conducted by employing a perturbative analysis that considers the perfectly ordered harmonic solid as a reference system. The perturbation theory predicts a nonuniform profile of the entropy production extending over large distances from the position of the impurity. The EPR decays exponentially to its bulk value with a typical healing length that coincides with the correlation length of the spatial velocity correlations characterizing the perfect active solids in the absence of impurities. The theory is validated against numerical simulations of an active Brownian particle crystal in two dimensions with Weeks–Chandler–Andersen repulsive interparticle potential.
Setting time acceleration of cement concrete with addition of termite mound clay
Authors: Gopika S , Unnikrishnan S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As part of government programs, strategies are put in place to militate against cost of construction, geared towards encouraging reduction in the use of construction inputs such as cement, aggregates, steel, reinforcement steel, etc. The objective of this research is based on the use of wastes and natural local materials as substitutes to the conventional materials. It is observed that termite clay mound (TMC) can be used as an accelerator. The setting times decreased as the percentage addition of cement by TMC increased, this is because the dissolved TMC form a close network that acts as dense barrier for the needle (used to measure the setting time) to penetrate the paste and thus, indicate accelerated setting time. The setting of cement paste is honored to be caused by adding volume of hydration products and leads to a decrease in the distance between individual particles until plastic flow is confined by cohesive forces. The water affinity of TMC cement pastes increased as the dosage increased. With this behaviour, the termite mound clay can be classified as an accelerator and thus it can be used for cold weather concreting. Along with this, the strength of concrete by the addition of TMC is analysed.
Utilization of glass powder and precious slag balls as a partial replacement of cement and fine aggregates
Authors: Nath G K , Rajendran P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Cement manufacture on a large scale affects the environment negatively and depletes natural resources. Waste glass is disposed off in landfills after it becomes waste, which is unsustainable because glass does not disintegrate in the environment. Use of waste glass powder in concrete as a partialreplacement of cement can be a practical policy in reducing cement usage. Concrete’s most frequently used aggregates are crushed stone, rock, etc. and their excavation has a higher negative influence on the environment and causes an ecological imbalance. Thus, a suitable alternative material must be used in place of the natural stone aggregate. Precious Slag (PS) Ball is a novel environmentally friendly material that can be created by rapid cooling of slag which generated from steel making process by means of Slag Atomizing Technology (SAT). This study aims to examine the combined effect of two industrial wastes, namely glass powder (GP) and precious slag (PS) balls, as substitute materials for cement and fine aggregate on the performance of concrete. In this study, both cement and fine aggregates in concrete has been substituted for glass powder and PS Balls respectively to varying degrees (0%, 10%,15%, 20%,25%). Together with tests to analyze mechanical properties, durability tests were also conducted. The outcome demonstrates that glass powder and PS Balls can serve as an acceptable substitute for cement and fine aggregate respectively with 20% substitution dosage being the optimum for both glass powder and PS Balls.