bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of N,N′‐Disubstituted 3‐Aminobenzo[c] and [d]Azepin‐2‐ones as Potent and Specific Farnesyl Transferase Inhibitors.
Authors: Le Diguarher Thierry , Ortuno Jean‐Claude , Shanks David , Guilbaud Nicolas , Pierre Alain , Raimbaud Eric , Fauchere Jean‐Luc , Hickman John A. , Tucker Gordon C. , Casara Patrick J. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Symmetrical Methylenebis(alkyl hydrogen phosphonates) by Selective Cleavage of Methylenebis(dialkyl phosphonates) with Morpholine.
Authors: Reddy Gantla Vidyasagar , Jacobs Hollie K. , Gopalan Aravamudan S. , Barrans Richard E. Jr. , Dietz Mark L. , Stepinski Dominique C. , Herlinger Albert W. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient Alternative Synthesis of (+)‐(6S,7S)‐7‐Hydroxy‐6,11‐cyclofarnes‐3(15)‐en‐2‐one, the (S)‐Enantiomer of the Antibacterial Sesquiterpene from Premna oligotricha.
Authors: Nozawa Masato , Hoshi Takashi , Suzuki Toshio , Hagiwara Hisahiro 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemoselective Glycosylations Using Sulfonium Triflate Activator Systems.
Authors: Codee Jeroen D. C. , van den Bos Leendert J. , Litjens Remy E. J. N. , Overkleeft Herman S. , van Boeckel Constant A. A. , van Boom Jacques H. , van der Marel Gijs A. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthetic Studies on Natural Products. Part 19. A Convenient Method for the Preparation of 7‐Cyanocamptothecins (II) and 7‐Cyanomappicine Ketones (III)
Authors: Das Biswanath , Srinivas K. V. N. S. , Mahender I. , Ravindranath N. , Ramesh C. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of (‐)‐Laulimalide Analogues.
Authors: Gallagher Brian M. Jr. , Fang Francis G. , Johannes Charles W. , Pesant Marc , Tremblay Martin R. , Zhao Hongjuan , Akasaka Kozo , Li Xiang‐yi , Liu Junke , Littlefield Bruce A. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Citrafungins A and B, Two New Fungal Metabolite Inhibitors of GGTase I with Antifungal Activity.
Authors: Singh Sheo B. , Zink Deborah L. , Doss George A. , Polishook Jon D. , Ruby Carolyn , Register Elizabeth , Kelly Theresa M. , Bonfiglio Cynthia , Williamson Joanne M. , Kelly Rosemarie 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Performance improvement of TCP over an ad hoc network
Authors: Yuki Taichi , Yamamoto Takayuki , Sugano Masashi , Murata Masayuki , Miyahara Hideo , Hatauchi Takaaki 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFRN (flexible radio network) is an ad hoc network product that can realize a wide‐area data collection network. This paper discusses a performance improvement method when TCP is applied to the transport layer in FRN. It is shown that even when the terminal is not moving as in FRN, the throughput can be improved in radio link failure due to noise or obstacles by combining ELFN (explicit link failure notification), which is proposed as a method for TCP performance improvement in ad hoc networks, with routing information. The proposed method is evaluated by simulation in this paper. A further objective is to reduce the performance degradation due to packet collision. The delayed ACK and the ACK retransmission with priority in the case of packet collisions are analyzed and the effectiveness of the method is demonstrated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(11): 99–107, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10134
A fundamental study of a thin λ/4 wave absorber using FSS technology
Authors: Itou Akihiko , Hashimoto Osamu , Yokokawa Hidehiro , Sumi Kazutoshi 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe λ/4 wave absorber is expected to be useful for indoor wireless LAN because of its simple structure and ease of design. However, this type of wave absorber has the deficiency that the thickness cannot be less than 1/4 of the wavelength within the spacer used. In this paper, an FSS (Frequency Selective Surface) is inserted in tandem with a resistive film as an absorbing film in the spacer section of the λ/4 wave absorber. By varying the phase within the spacer, thickness reduction of the absorber is attempted. In this case, it is necessary to understand the impedance of the FSS at the design frequency. In this paper, the impedance is first derived by the FDTD method. Substituting this result into an electric equivalent circuit, the insertion position of the FSS and the surface resistivity of the resistive film maximizing the absorbing characteristic are determined. A thin λ/4 wave absorber of this type is designed and fabricated and the absorption is measured. It is confirmed that a λ/4 wave absorber can be realized with approximately half the conventional thickness. Basic data on the frequency characteristics and angular dependence of this type of absorber can be obtained. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(11): 77–86, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10180
Correspondence between frequency characteristics of radiated emission and input impedance of power‐ground planes of PCB
Authors: Fujiwara Osamu , Nakamura Kenji , Wang Jianqing 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe frequency at the peak of electromagnetic radiation from a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) as a result of ground bounce is considered predictable from the frequency characteristics of the input impedance between the power supply and ground layer (below called the PCB impedance). However, the relationship is largely unknown. In this paper, the electromagnetic radiation of the PCB and the frequency spectrum of the PCB impedance are analyzed by the FDTD (Finite‐Difference Time‐Domain) method and their relational mechanism is studied by comparison with the measured values. It is found that the peak of the electromagnetic radiation appears at the frequency where the PCB is a minimum if the PCB is excited by a voltage source with an internal resistance sufficiently smaller than the PCB impedance, and that this peak is shifted toward the frequency at which the PCB impedance becomes a maximum if the internal resistance is increased. The radiation power ratio derived from the resistive components (called the resonant resistances) at two frequencies where the PCB impedance is maximum and minimum (resonant frequencies) mostly agrees with the ratio of the squares of the radiated electric field. Hence, the radiation peak frequencies of the PCB are determined both by the internal resistance of the excitation source and the resonant resistance of the PCB impedance. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(11): 30–38, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10209
Design method for a broadband inverted F antenna by parallel resonance mode
Authors: Sekine Syu‐ichi , Itoh Takayoshi , Odachi Noriaki , Murakami Yasushi , Shoki Hiroki 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis paper presents a broadband inverted F antenna realized by adding a wire element and describes a method for its design based on the operating principle. This inverted F antenna has a configuration with a wire element attached at the middle of the wire element already connected at the feed point. Broadband operation is made possible by a new method in which a parallel resonance antenna is combined with the wire inverted F antenna, which is a series resonance antenna. A design method is proposed in which matching at each resonant frequency is independently adjusted by means of these two different resonances. Its effectiveness is demonstrated by experiments and by a simulation by NEC2. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(11): 11–20, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10215
De Novo Synthesis of Racemic Spirocyclopropane‐Annelated 2‐Deoxyhexose Derivatives
Authors: de Meijere Armin , Leonov Andrei , Heiner Thomas , Noltemeyer Mathias , Bes M. Teresa 
Published: May 2004

AbstractHigh‐pressure‐induced inverse‐electron‐demand hetero‐Diels−Alder reactions of ethyl trans‐4‐ethoxy‐2‐oxo‐3‐butenoate (2a) and methyl trans‐4‐benzyloxy‐2‐oxo‐3‐butenoate (2b) with benzyl (cyclopropylidenemethyl) ether (1) each yielded mixtures of two separable diastereomeric esters 7a (64%) and 7b (80%) which, in three subsequent steps, led to the 3‐ethylated and 3‐benzylated α‐ and β‐anomeric benzyl spiro[2‐deoxy‐(D,L)‐arabino‐hexopyranoside‐2,1′‐cyclopropanes] α‐10a,b and β‐10a,b, respectively. The relative configuration of β‐10a was proved by an X‐ray crystal structure analysis. Deprotection of β‐10b was achieved by Pd‐catalyzed hydrogenation in dimethylacetamide leading to spiro[2‐deoxy‐α/β‐2‐(D,L)‐arabino‐hexopyranoside‐2,1′‐cyclopropane] (4). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
A Simple and Effective Procedure for the N‐Permethylation of Amino‐Substituted Naphthalenes
Authors: Sorokin Vladimir I. , Ozeryanskii Valery A. , Pozharskii Alexander F. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA wide range of amino‐substituted naphthalenes can be N‐permethylated by the system Me2SO4/Na2CO3/H2O(alcohols) with good to excellent yields. Steric hindrance does not prevent the reaction. Some amines with electron‐withdrawing groups, especially at nonconjugated positions, are also alkylated. The procedure allows the combination of a reduction (catalytic or by tin dichloride in acidic media) and a methylation in a one‐pot process. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Org. Chem. 3/2003
Authors: Adam Waldemar , Diedering Manfred , Martí Vicente 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe cover picture shows the spin‐dependent diastereoselectivities in the photodenitrogenation of a tricyclic azoalkane to the corresponding syn (inversion) and anti (retention) housanes. The saturated azoalkane A(CH2CH2) is the first example in which the triplet process is highly diastereoselective (see upper right‐hand corner). In this triplet 3DR(CH2CH2) diradical, steric effects between the gemdimethyl‐substituted methano bridge and the cyclopentane‐annellated ring are held responsible for the highly stereoselective ring closure to the anti‐housane. In the singlet photodenitrogenation the diazenyl diradical 1DZ(CH2CH2) intervenes, for which such steric effects are of minor relevance along the SH2 reaction coordinate (inversion). Details are discussed in the article by W. Adam, M. Diedering and V. Martí on p. 592 ff.
Microwave‐Assisted Solution‐Phase Synthesis of 1,4,5‐Trisubstituted Pyrazoles
Authors: Giacomelli Giampaolo , Porcheddu Andrea , Salaris Margherita , Taddei Maurizio 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA small parallel library of 1,4,5‐trisubstituted pyrazoles was prepared in solution using a three‐step procedure starting from Meldrum acid. The Meldrum acid was acylated with different acyl chlorides and the products opened with different alcohols and amines to give substituted β‐keto esters and β‐keto amines. Further reaction with N,N‐dimethylformamide dimethylacetal and the final cyclisation were effectively carried out under microwave irradiation. Scavenger resins were employed exclusively in the first step, whereas use of microwaves allowed complete conversion of the starting materials in the other two steps. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Low Temperature, High Conversion, Liquid‐Phase Benzylic Oxidation with Dioxygen by Metal/NHPI‐Catalyzed Co‐Oxidation with Benzaldehyde
Authors: Schmieder‐van de Vondervoort Lizette , Bouttemy Sabine , Heu Ferdinand , Weissenböck Kurt , Alsters Paul L. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA new liquid‐phase catalytic oxidation system for the low temperature, high conversion benzylic mono‐oxyfunctionalization of 10,11‐dihydrocarbamazepine (1) into oxcarbazepine (4) with dioxygen has been developed. The method is based on a co‐oxidation of 1 with benzaldehyde in the presence of a four‐component catalyst system consisting of Co(OAc)2, Ni(OAc)2, Cr(NO3)3, and N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI). The influence of the catalyst system on the formation and decomposition of the crucial hydroperoxide intermediate 2 has been investigated. Based on these results, the role of each of the components in the catalyst system is discussed. The scope of this method for the oxidation of other substrates has been studied, and the results are compared with those obtained by Co/NHPI catalyzed oxidation of these substrates. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Model selection in canonical correlation analysis (CCA) using Bayesian model averaging
Authors: Noble Robert , Smith Eric P. , Ye Keying 
Published: May 2004

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship between ecological indicators and environmental stressors is difficult. One problem is that the environmental data often consist of a large number of variables. The relationship between ecological data and environmental data is investigated using canonical correlation analysis with Bayesian model averaging used to identify important variables. A set of data from Ohio, U.S.A., is studied. Activation probabilities are used to indicate the important ecological indicators and environmental variables. A plot of model coefficients adjusted by activation probabilities is used to indicate variables that are important to canonical correlation axes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying the effects of dynamical noise on the predictability of a simple ecosystem model
Authors: Bailey Barbara A. , Doney Scott C. , Lima Ivan D. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe need to understand the effects of anthropogenic perturbations on ocean biology has renewed interest in ecosystem and biogeochemical models in recent years. We develop a nonlinear time series approach to quantify the effects of different types of noise on ecosystem dynamics. Different types of noise can alter the local predictability of the system, induce qualitative regime shifts in model dynamics, and destroy (create) internal nonlinear oscillations and chaos. The ecosystem model we use in our article is a model of plankton dynamics and nitrogen cycling. It is a compartmental model (NPZD) consisting of compartments for nitrogen (N), phytoplankton (P), zooplankton (Z), and detritus (D). The flows or intercompartmental exchanges are modeled as a nonlinear system of four first‐order differential equations. The types of noise of interest are both independent and correlated. Because the noise is an integral part of the system's dynamics, a nonlinear time series approach is used to quantify the dynamics and predictability of the system. This involves fitting neural network models and estimating dynamical system quantities of interest such as global and local Lyapunov exponents, along with measures of uncertainty for these estimates. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic tuning of a power system stabilizer
Authors: Sundareswaran K. , Razia Begum S. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis paper presents a novel method for the design of a Power System Stabilizer (PSS) using a Genetic Algorithm (GA). A generalized controller is considered and the parameters are tuned by redrafting the problem as an optimization task and the steps of the GA are applied for the solution. The simulation results indicate the superior performance of a genetic tuned controller over a conventional PSS. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of a new proposal for an arcing fault detection method based on wavelet packet analysis
Authors: Lazkano Andoni , Ruiz Jesus , Aramendi Elisabete , Leturiondo Luis A. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis paper presents a new proposal for detection of arcing faults and evaluates the detection rate and the security level of the proposed method. This method is based on analysis of three‐phase unbalanced current, easily accessible feeder 3I0, using decomposition of the signal by means of wavelet transform techniques. Combining both temporal and frequency localizing properties, criteria are set in order to detect electric arc existence related to high impedance faults. The method has been tested with signals from staged fault records, normal condition records and substation event records. The test results show that the proposal is a satisfactory fault detection method and the relevant results are presented. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of moisture and partial discharges on the degradation of high‐voltage surge arresters
Authors: Chrzan Krystian Leonard 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis paper reports the influence of moisture and internal partial discharges on the degradation of metal oxide varistors in high‐voltage surge arresters. Both factors cause an increase in the varistor current under the operating voltage. This phenomenon is dangerous and can cause a total outage of the metal oxide arrester. In the field the moisture ingress can lead to internal discharges. Owing to recovery processes the changes in the voltage–current characteristics of varistors caused by moisture or partial discharges decrease in dry and partial discharge free conditions. The interesting behaviour of some varistors which were degraded by partial discharges was observed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SF6 post‐arc recovery characteristics
Authors: Spiliopoulos I. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIn SF6 circuit breakers, the result of the interruption, during the dielectric post‐arc phase, depends on the capability of the arcing region to withstand the applied recovery voltage. An idealized model breaker experiment is designed to investigate the SF6 recovery characteristics minimizing the effect of various factors such as metal vapor pollution, arc roots stagnation and gas‐flow modifications. The gas heating is obtained by a power arc in movement. The experimental simulation of the interruption allows the study of the gas recovery behavior as a function of the decaying plasma properties. The so‐obtained recovery characteristics exhibit distinct phases with recovery time increment and also dependencies on geometrical and electrical test parameters. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sacrococcygeal chordomas in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex show somatic loss of TSC1 or TSC2
Authors: Lee‐Jones Lisa , Aligianis Irene , Davies Peter A. , Puga Ana , Farndon Peter A. , Stemmer‐Rachamimov Anat , Ramesh Vijaya , Sampson Julian R. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractChordomas are rare sacrococcygeal/sacral, sphenooccipital/clivus, and spinal tumors whose molecular etiology remains relatively understudied. As several anecdotal reports had described chordomas in individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a multisystem hamartoma syndrome, we hypothesized that the genes that cause TSC may have an etiological role in chordomas. In two cases of sacrococcygeal chordomas in individuals with TSC, one with a germ‐line TSC2 mutation and the other with a germ‐line TSC1 mutation, we confirmed somatic inactivation of the corresponding wild‐type allele by loss of heterozygosity analysis and immunohistochemistry. These data provide the first evidence of a pathogenic role by TSC genes in sacrococcygeal chordomas. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of cytogenetic alterations in stage III serous ovarian adenocarcinoma reveals a heterogeneous group regarding survival, surgical outcome, and substage
Authors: Partheen Karolina , Levan Kristina , Österberg Lovisa , Helou Khalil , Horvath György 
Published: May 2004

AbstractOvarian cancer is the leading cause of death among patients with gynecological cancers, but the biology of these tumors is still among the least understood of all major human malignancies. In this study, comparative genomic hybridization was used to determine chromosomal alterations in 98 stage III serous papillary adenocarcinomas. The tumors were grouped according to survival and the main prognostic factors stage and surgical outcome. There were chromosomal imbalances that were significantly more common in tumors from patients who died than in tumors from patients who survived: gains of 1q24–qter and losses of 4p, 4q31.1–qter, 5q12–q22, 8p, 16q, and X. Furthermore, we observed that gains of 8q23–8q24.2 and losses of 4p, 4q13–4q26, 4q31.1–qter, 5q12–q22, 8p, and 16q were significantly more common in tumors from patients with macroscopic residual tumor after primary surgery, compared to tumors from those who had undergone radical surgery. Gains of 3q13.3–qter, 6p, 7q21–q31, and 11q13–q23 and losses of 4q31.1–qter and 16q were more common in stage IIIc tumors than in stage IIIa+b tumors. On the basis of our results, we suggest that there are biological differences among the groups mentioned above and that absence of chromosomal aberrations in specific regions predicts a good clinical outcome for individual patients. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytogenetic changes in nonmalignant breast tissue
Authors: Steinarsdóttir Margrét , Jónasson Jón Gunnlaugur , Viđarsson Hilmar , Júlíusdóttir Hildur , Hauksdóttir Halla , Ögmundsdóttir Helga M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractCytogenetic changes are common in breast cancer and have also been described in fibroadenomas and fibrocystic disease, but not in histologically normal breast tissue. Cytogenetic analysis was performed on nonmalignant breast tissue from benign breast lumps (n = 8), reduction mammoplasties (n = 31), and grossly nontumorous tissue from cancerous breasts (n = 84), using standard techniques and G‐banding. All samples were reviewed histologically. Clonal chromosomal changes were found in three of eight benign breast tumors (38%). Of the reduction mammoplasties, 17 samples contained nonproliferative changes, and three of these (18%) showed a clonal deletion of 3p. No pathology was identified in the other 14 samples, of which one (7%) contained two clonal changes, apparently balanced translocations. Of nontumorous tissues from cancerous breasts, 15 (18%) showed clonal chromosomal abnormalities. Five of these samples were histologically normal. Two clones were identical to those found in the corresponding cancer. In 18 additional samples, single cells were detected with the same change as that seen in clones or single cells in the cancer. Only 4 of these 20 samples contained detectable cancer cells. Clonal abnormalities found in two or more samples included trisomies X, 7, and 20 and monosomies 19 and 18. Clonal changes were not significantly more frequent in proliferative than in nonproliferative lesions. The Icelandic BRCA2 founder mutation, 999del5, was detected in four samples, all histologically normal, two of which had clonal chromosomal abnormalities. In conclusion, clonal chromosomal changes are not infrequent in nonmalignant breast tissue and can be detected even in the absence of histological abnormalities. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.