bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Housing Wear-in in External Gear Machines Considering Deformation Effects
Authors: Pawar Ajinkya , Vacca Andrea , Rigosi Manuel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Initial housing wear-in is a key process to ensure high overall efficiency in most of the high-pressure (up to 300 bar) external gear pumps and motors. The internal housing profile that results from the penetration of the gears during the initial wear-in directly affects the volumetric efficiency of the pump or motor in operation. Therefore, an accurate prediction of such wear and its related effects is an essential aspect for a simulation tool for external gear machines. However, current state-of-the-art tools either neglect this aspect or make heavy simplifications. This paper presents a new simulation approach for modeling wear-in developed within the Multics-HYGESim (HYdraulic Gear Machine Simulator) tool. The approach leverages the previously developed model to determine the radial micromotion of the gears, and it includes the aspects of the deformation of both the bushings and housings present in the unit. The paper considers the case of a 22 cm3/rev unit as a reference, for which detailed simulation results, including the quantification of the wear-in and its consequences on the unit efficiency, are presented. The proposed approach is validated by comparing with experimental measurements the wear profiles and unit efficiency.
Design and Experimental Investigation of an Additively Manufactured High-Speed Switching Valve
Authors: Matias Lukas , Pan Min , Plummer Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Digital hydraulic technologies represent innovative developments in fluid power research with the prospect of replacing loss-heavy resistance-controlled valve systems and thus improving the energy efficiency of hydraulic systems. Highspeed switching valves sit at the core of digital hydraulic systems. The characteristics of the valve have a dominant influence on the overall system energy efficiency and performance. Current state-of-the-art switching valve designs require a compromise on either valve resistance, maximum switching frequency, compact and lightweight design or efficient actuation. This paper presents the design and experimental analysis of a novel, additively manufactured (AM) high-speed, high-performance switching valve for the use in digital hydraulic applications. The AM-based design allows flow-optimized internal galleries for high flow rates at minimized pressure drops. An innovative valve controller operates the valve at optimal frequencies to minimize energy losses. Experimental steady-state and dynamic valve responses are presented. Flow rates of up to 90 L/min at a pressure drop of 2.3 bar were achieved. The valve was tested with switching frequencies up to 139 Hz, and the switching control algorithm was validated. Two test rig configurations were constructed to investigate the valve characteristics. Simulated and experimental results showed excellent steady-state and promising dynamic performance of the valve. The work constitutes an important contribution to the field of high-speed switching valves in presenting a high-performing AM-based design with the potential to enable viable efficient digital hydraulic systems.
A Motor-Controlled Hydraulic Cylinder With Cylinder Pressure Control and Load-Holding Function - An Experimental Study
Authors: Zhao Wei , Bhola Mohit , Ebbesen Morten Kjeld , Andersen Torben Ole 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a novel hydraulic system featuring a hydraulic differential cylinder directly connected to two fixed-displacement hydraulic pumps driven by independent electric servo motors. By controlling the velocities of these two electric servo motors, precise control over the motion of the hydraulic cylinder is achieved. This innovative system is referred to as a two-motor-two-pump (2M2P) motor-controlled hydraulic cylinder (MCC). Unlike valve-controlled cylinders, the absence of valve throttling in a 2M2P MCC significantly enhances the system’s energy efficiency. However, the load-holding function in four-quadrant operation enforced by legislation for hydraulic cylinders used for, for example, lifting crane booms, is difficult to implement in a 2M2P MCC. This paper introduces a novel 2M2P MCC capable of achieving passive load-holding functionality via minimum cylinder pressure control. A non-linear model of the system is developed in MATLAB/Simulink and validated experimentally. The degree of state coupling is analyzed through model linearization and the relative gain array method. A multi-input-multi-output control algorithm with a state decoupling function is designed and experimentally verified on a laboratory single-boom crane. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system and control algorithm under given operating conditions.
Simulative Comparison Approach of Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator Circuits in Excavators
Authors: Figge Felix , Schmitz Katharina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the past years, a variety of electrified construction machinery became commercially available. The electrification of mobile machinery can be considered the most important system change in mobile hydraulics of the last decades. The challenge now, is to optimize such systems to be more efficient, affordable, and environmentally friendly in the future.
A highly promising approach is the use of electro-hydrostatic actuators (EHA) which are known for high energy-efficiency. Still a widespread use in heavy mobile machinery currently cannot be observed which might be a consequence of unwanted system behavior under certain working conditions. Since there are many different electro-hydrostatic actuator topologies known in literature, it is difficult to determine the most suitable one for implementation in excavators.
This paper introduces an approach to compare different circuits through simulations in a structured way. By using an abstracted dig and dump cycle and subdividing it into smaller part operations a direct comparison becomes possible. The abstraction of the dig and dump cycle reduces the modeling effort, variables needed to be considered and simplifies the analysis of system behavior.
Four circuits are compared exemplarily to each other for regenerative operation from standstill. Only circuits with a single prime mover and load holding valves are investigated regarding cost-effectiveness and compactness of the EHA. The circuits are modeled in a lumped parameter hydraulic simulation and parameterized for use on a 1.8-ton excavator.
Combined Pump and Compensator Margin Control for Pre-Compensated Load Sensing Architecture: Implementation and Experiments
Authors: Stump Patrick , Tian Xin , Lengacher Jacob , Jenkins Ryan , Vacca Andrea , Fiorati Stefano 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The load sensing (LS) hydraulic architecture is the predominant architecture for mobile fluid power systems in agricultural tractor applications. LS systems provide good flow control to multiple actuators supplied by a single pump, minimize load disturbances, and provide higher efficiencies when compared to many other multi-actuator control structures. However, current implementations often do not take advantage of modern advancements in electro-hydraulic (EH) controls. A significant portion of available hydraulic power is used to maintain a constant pressure drop across the control valves. This article details experimental implementation and testing of a control strategy known as hybrid variable margin (HVM) on the pre-compensated LS system of a large row-crop tractor. HVM consists of an electronically controlled variable-displacement pump replacing the traditional pressure and flow compensated pump as well as introducing an electronic proportional pressure-reducing valve (ep-PRV) in the pilot line of the local pressure compensator (LPC). This gives the flexibility to control the pressure differential across the main control valve spool as well as varying the pump margin to suit the operating conditions. Experimental tests with one hydraulic function show an increase in hydraulic efficiency of 5.6% and a 6.2% reduction in the fuel consumption of the hydraulic system when operating in non-boundary conditions. Tests with two hydraulic functions show a hydraulic efficiency gain of 4.5% with a 12.2% decrease in fuel consumption by the hydraulic system.
The Impact of Electric Drive Structures on Sensorless AI-Based Hydraulic Valve Fault Classification
Authors: Zakharov Viacheslav , Abdul Azeez Abid , Han Xu , Minav Tatiana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Constantly increasing decarbonization requirements lead to a distribution of electric technologies in Non-road Mobile Machinery (NRMM). Traditional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)-driven systems are replaced by Electric Motor (EM)-based solutions, not only in powertrains but also in working hydraulics. An example of such a replacement is Direct Driven Hydraulics (DDH). DDH systems have already demonstrated great dynamics, reliability, robustness, and fast response in early studies. In addition, the electric motor also enables the implementation of condition monitoring via Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques such as Machine Learning (ML). This approach avoids the need for hydraulic sensors completely. This study raises the questions: how accurately can a hydraulic failure be determined using only the signals obtained from the electric part of the DDH and how can the architecture of an electrical drive affect the final result?
A DDH system model with the detailed check-valve model (under healthy and faulty conditions) was implemented in MATLAB Simulink. The electric part of the model consists of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) model and various structures of the electric drive. As it turned out, the electric drive and especially the inverter have a direct impact on the fault detection of the hydraulic parts of the system. Thus, this paper considers the influence of different types of inverters (i.e., two-level, three-level without optimized switching, and three-level with optimized switching) on check valve fault detection via electric signals. The complete model is used for the generation of data, which is fed to the AI-based classifier for training, validation, and testing. This process is repeated for the system with different types of inverters. The simulation experiment demonstrated that a three-level inverter-fed system illustrates the highest accuracy (86.9%) of fault detection. The accuracy difference between two-level and three-level systems varies around 5–15%. The overall accuracy of fault detection is between 72–87%.
Complete genome of a
Serratia
species isolated from PFAS-impacted soil
Authors: Baker Isabel R. , Colston Sophie M. , Hervey William J. , Bird Lina J. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Serratia
sp. B1 is a bacterial species isolated from soil highly impacted by perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, a family of biopersistent contaminants colloquially known as “forever chemicals.” Here, we report the genome of
Serratia
sp. B1, sequenced with Oxford Nanopore Technology. The genome consists of one 5.14 Mbp chromosome and one 92 kb plasmid.
Impact of a handpiece with a built-in fluidics pressure sensor on phacoemulsification: a multicentre prospective comparative study
Authors: Brézin Antoine P , Monnet Dominique , Lignereux François , Rozot Pascal , Jilet Lea , Abdoul Hendy 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveWe assessed whether the immediate pressure adjustments provided by a phacoemulsification handpiece with a built-in pressure sensor (Active Sentry, AS) could decrease the amount of energy delivered in the eye during cataract surgery.Methods and analysisThe Study of Active Sentry in Cataract Surgery was a multicentre prospective clinical trial. The Centurion system (Alcon Labs) was used and we compared phacoemulsifications performed with the AS handpiece with procedures using a sensor placed in the phacoemulsifier (non-AS). The primary outcome measure was the cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) used during the procedures. The secondary outcome measures were the total, longitudinal and torsional ultrasound (US) times, the duration of the surgery and the amount of fluid used during the surgeries.ResultsThe study analysed 1432 (800 AS and 632 non-AS) procedures. The mean patient age was 72.4±10.0 years. The median CDE was respectively 6.3 (IQR 3.5–9.9) and 6.7 (IQR 4.5–11.5) with and without AS (p=0.0001). The median US time was, respectively, 48.0 s (IQR 34.0–68.0) and 55.0 s (IQR 38.0–80.0) with and without AS (p<0.0001). Torsional and longitudinal US times were reduced with AS. The median duration of the procedure was, respectively, 9.0 min (IQR 7.0–12.0) and 10.0 min (IQR 7.0–13.0) (p=0.0002) with and without AS. The median balanced salt solution volume used was 52.0 cm3(IQR 41.0–72.0) and 57.0 cm3(IQR 42.0–81.0) with and without AS (p=0.0018).ConclusionThe phacoemulsifications performed with a pressure sensor built in the handpiece delivered less energy in the eye and were shorter.Trial registration numberNCT04732351.
A new way of reducing negative weights in MC@NLO
Authors: Frederix Rikkert , Torrielli Paolo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe introduce a new technique, that we dub Born spreading, aimed at reducing the number of negative-weight $${\mathbb {S}}$$
S
events in the MC@NLO matching of NLO calculations with parton-shower simulations. We show that such a technique, based on a re-distribution of Born matrix elements in the radiative phase space, achieves a sizeable reduction of negative-weight events at little computational cost. The method does not induce any biases in physical distributions.
Neural Speech Tracking Highlights the Importance of Visual Speech in Multi-speaker Situations
Authors: Haider Chandra L. , Park Hyojin , Hauswald Anne , Weisz Nathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Visual speech plays a powerful role in facilitating auditory speech processing and has been a publicly noticed topic with the wide usage of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. In a previous magnetoencephalography study, we showed that occluding the mouth area significantly impairs neural speech tracking. To rule out the possibility that this deterioration is because of degraded sound quality, in the present follow-up study, we presented participants with audiovisual (AV) and audio-only (A) speech. We further independently manipulated the trials by adding a face mask and a distractor speaker. Our results clearly show that face masks only affect speech tracking in AV conditions, not in A conditions. This shows that face masks indeed primarily impact speech processing by blocking visual speech and not by acoustic degradation. We can further highlight how the spectrogram, lip movements and lexical units are tracked on a sensor level. We can show visual benefits for tracking the spectrogram especially in the multi-speaker condition. While lip movements only show additional improvement and visual benefit over tracking of the spectrogram in clear speech conditions, lexical units (phonemes and word onsets) do not show visual enhancement at all. We hypothesize that in young normal hearing individuals, information from visual input is less used for specific feature extraction, but acts more as a general resource for guiding attention.
How Abstract Is Linguistic Generalization in Large Language Models? Experiments with Argument Structure
Authors: Wilson Michael , Petty Jackson , Frank Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Language models are typically evaluated on their success at predicting the distribution of specific words in specific contexts. Yet linguistic knowledge also encodes relationships between contexts, allowing inferences between word distributions. We investigate the degree to which pre-trained transformer-based large language models (LLMs) represent such relationships, focusing on the domain of argument structure. We find that LLMs perform well in generalizing the distribution of a novel noun argument between related contexts that were seen during pre-training (e.g., the active object and passive subject of the verb spray), succeeding by making use of the semantically organized structure of the embedding space for word embeddings. However, LLMs fail at generalizations between related contexts that have not been observed during pre-training, but which instantiate more abstract, but well-attested structural generalizations (e.g., between the active object and passive subject of an arbitrary verb). Instead, in this case, LLMs show a bias to generalize based on linear order. This finding points to a limitation with current models and points to a reason for which their training is data-intensive.1
Compliance with Decisions of the Dispute Settlement Bodies of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
Authors: Klein Natalie , McNally Jack 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (‘UNCLOS’) not only establishes a suite of maritime zones and sets out the rights and duties of States therein, but it is also one of the few multilateral treaties that includes a complex dispute settlement regime creating compulsory jurisdiction for disputes relating to its interpretation or application. Given that the UNCLOS dispute settlement regime has now been in operation for close to 30 years, it is timely to consider whether the cases instituted under the regime are resulting in decisions with which the parties comply. This study is the first to examine compliance in relation to all judgments issued pursuant to the UNCLOS compulsory dispute settlement regime to date.
Theorising Danger or Dangerous Theories? Positivist Data and the Making of the China Threat
Authors: Lindemann Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most critical scholars have criticized the validity of positivist claims and positivist ambitions to propose general and value-free explanations. However, less attention has been paid to the question of how positivist data collection, methods and epistemology structures our interpretative and normative vision of international relations. In order to address this question I will focus on how nomological positivism frames the threat perceptions of international conflict. In particular I ask how conflict is predicted by positivist scholars and the kind of solutions they suggest in order to avoid conflict. I argue that by reducing actors to coherent, strategic, measurable objects, positivism often leads to exaggerated fear. Such alarmism embedded in positivist scholarship is nourished by the denial of individuality, complexity, contingency and social relations characterized by empathy, identification and trust. This article presents to my knowledge the first study that examines the elective affinities between positivism and international violence.
9. Creating and Sustaining the Care Information Utility
Authors: Ingram David 
Published: November 2023

We come now to the most challenging questions concerning the care information utility: how, where and by whom will it be created and sustained, and under what governance arrangements? This chapter looks to the wider and future scene, to consider how the work described in Chapters Eight and Eight and a Half can be extended and sustained, in the context of greater opportunity and need for individual self-management of care and supportive services that move from a fragmenting culture of ‘What is the matter with you?’ to an integrative culture of ‘What matters to you?’ We must embrace an iterative and incremental approach here, where we learn by doing. The chapter is thus not prescriptive; it rather reflects on the nature of the challenges faced and what we should have in mind in framing our policy and practice in tackling them.
Central to this will be the approach and method adopted for implementation of a coherent and trusted information utility that every citizen can feel part of and contribute to, which helps and supports them along the way as they seek health and wellbeing in their own lives, and the lives of those they care for. The chapter highlights the importance of the Creative Commons and public domain governance that bridges with and preserves the non-exclusive relationship with private enterprise. The story of common land and its appropriation to private interests through the eighteenth-century Enclosure Acts in the UK, is visited as a parable of common ground in the Information Age. It discusses the harm that restriction of intellectual property does in blocking innovation that tackles intractable ‘wicked problems’, which require connection and collaboration on common ground, within diversely connected communities of practice.
The chapter then focuses on the work of implementing and sustaining the care information utility and the environments, teams and communities whereby it is enabled and supported. It looks at the different qualities of leadership that such pioneering endeavours require and exemplify, and playfully compares them with the principles outlined in The Art of War, the classic text of Sun Tzu, which is much used in elite management courses on leadership. With its focus on people and environments, this part of the chapter draws a great deal on people I have known and worked with, and environments we worked in and created together, and is thus especially personal and autobiographical.
Trust in and recognition of individual and communal roles and responsibilities must unite citizens with the multiple professions and communities of health care practice, around shared goals for the care information utility. Governance arrangements will thus constitute a third major component of implementation of a utility that is coherent, effective, efficient, equitable, stable and life-enhancing, in support of health care services for the Information Society of tomorrow.
These threefold challenges of implementation will require strong alliances—the theme I reflect on, in parenthesis, at the end of the chapter.
A Theory for Self-Sustained Multicentennial Oscillation of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Part II: Role of Temperature
Authors: Yang Kunpeng , Yang Haijun , Li Yang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the first part of our research on self-sustained multicentennial oscillation of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), we utilized a hemispheric box model considering only the salinity equations. In this study, we consider both thermal and saline processes in the box model to investigate the AMOC multicentennial oscillation and the role of temperature. The thermal processes have mainly two effects, shortening the oscillation period and stabilizing the system, which are caused by the fast surface temperature restoration and negative feedback between temperature advection and AMOC, respectively. Introducing nonlinearity into the system can lead to self-sustained AMOC oscillation that is controlled by ocean internal dynamics, whose mechanism is generalized as a growing oscillation restrained by nonlinearity. The nonlinearity can arise from subpolar vertical mixing, or a nonlinear relation between the AMOC anomaly and the meridional difference of density anomaly. Linear stability analyses reveal that the eigenmode of the system is sensitive to model parameters, including model geometry, mean strength of the AMOC, and the AMOC’s sensitivity to density perturbation, surface virtual salt flux, and meridional temperature gradient. A larger surface virtual salt flux enhances the positive salinity advection feedback, and a smaller meridional temperature gradient weakens the negative temperature advection feedback. Both processes destabilize the AMOC multicentennial oscillation. Such situations may be expected in the future due to more intense warming and freshwater hosing at the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.