bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification, characterization and phylogenetic signal of an elongation factor‐1 alpha fragment in demosponges (Metazoa, Porifera, Demospongiae)
Authors: Erpenbeck Dirk , Breeuwer Johannes A. J. , Van Soest Rob W. M. 
Published: June 2005

Erpenbeck, D., Breeuwer, J.A.J. & van Soest, R.W.M. (2005). Identification, characterization and phylogenetic signal of an elongation factor‐1 alpha fragment in demosponges (Metazoa, Porifera, Demospongiae). —Zoologica Scripta, **, *** – ***.Independent molecular markers are needed in order to clarify demosponge systematics. Elongation factor‐1 alpha (EF‐1a) is a frequently used marker in metazoan phylogeny, which has not hitherto been used for Porifera. In this paper, a fragment of the gene encoding EF‐1a is characterized and tested for its suitability in phylogenetic reconstructions of demosponges. We point out the pitfalls in establishing new markers in sponge molecular systematics, particularly with regard to the variety of nonporiferan DNA templates contained within sponges, and show the limited suitability of the fragment for higher demosponge systematics.
A new cryptic species of pond turtle from southern Italy, the hottest spot in the range of the genus Emys (Reptilia, Testudines, Emydidae)
Authors: Fritz Uwe , Fattizzo Tiziano , Guicking Daniela , Tripepi Sandro , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Lenk Peter , Joger Ulrich , Wink Michael 
Published: June 2005

Geographic variation in the mtDNA haplotypes (cytochrome b gene) of 127 European pond turtles from Italy was investigated. Thirty‐eight of the Italian samples were also studied by nuclear fingerprinting (ISSR PCR) and compared with samples from other parts of the range representing all nine currently known mtDNA lineages of Emys orbicularis. Our genetic findings were compared against morphological data sets (measurements, colour pattern) for 109 adult turtles from southern Italy. Italy is displaying on a small geographical scale the most complicated variation known over the entire distributional area of Emys (North Africa over Europe and Asia Minor to the Caspian and Aral Seas). The Tyrrhenic coast of the Apennine Peninsula, the Mt. Pollino area and Basilicata are inhabited by Emys orbicularis galloitalica, a subspecies harbouring a distinct mtDNA lineage. The same lineage is also found in Sardinia. Along the Adriatic coast of Italy and on the Salentine Peninsula (Apulia, southern Italy), another morphologically distinctive subspecies (Emys orbicularis hellenica) occurs, which also bears a different mtDNA lineage. A higher diversity of mtDNA haplotypes in the south of the Apennine Peninsula suggests that the glacial refugia of E. o. galloitalica and E. o. hellenica were located here. A further refuge of E. o. hellenica probably existed in the southern Balkans. The west coasts of the Balkans and Corfu have probably been colonized from Italy and not from the geographically closer southern Balkanic refuge. In Sicily, a third mtDNA lineage is distributed, which is sister to all other known lineages of Emys. Morphologically, Sicilian pond turtles resemble E. o. galloitalica. However, nuclear fingerprinting revealed a clear distinctiveness of the Sicilian taxon, whereas no significant divergence was detected between representatives of the other eight mtDNA lineages of Emys. Furthermore, nuclear fingerprinting provided no evidence for current or past gene flow between the Sicilian taxon and the mainland subspecies of E. orbicularis. Therefore, Sicilian pond turtles are described here as a species new to science. Some populations in Calabria and on the Salentine Peninsula comprise individuals of different mtDNA lineages. We interpret this as a natural contact. However, we cannot exclude that these syntopic occurrences are the result of human activity. For example, in other parts of Italy, the natural distribution pattern of Emys is obscured by allochthonous turtles. This could also be true for southern Italy. The discovery of the complex taxonomic differentiation in southern Italy requires reconsidering conservation strategies.
Revision and phylogenetic analysis of Americanethicusandrupununigroups ofAnelosimus(Araneae, Theridiidae)
Authors: Agnarsson Ingi 
Published: June 2005

Two species groups of the social spider genusAnelosimusare revised. Theethicusgroup contains six species found in South America, in an area ranging from the Guianas to southern Brazil and Argentina. Of these,A. rabusLevi, 1963,A. ethicus(Keyserling, 1884), andA. nigrescens(Keyserling, 1884) are redescribed, whileA. nigrescensis removed from synonymy withA. ethicus. Three new species are described:A. misionessp. nov.,A. sumisolenasp. nov. andA. inhandavasp. nov.Anelosimus ethicusis reportedly either subsocial or solitary, while the behaviour of the other species in the group is unknown. Therupununigroup contains two quasisocial species,A. rupununiLevi, 1956 andA. lorenzoFowler & Levi, 1979, from the Caribbean and tropical South America. Both are redescribed here. A parsimony analysis of morphological characters provides support for the monophyly of both groups. In the phylogeny, subsociality optimizes to the base ofAnelosimus, indicating that the common ancestor of theethicusgroup was subsocial. Its members can thus be predicted to be subsocial, or secondarily solitary. Quasisociality arosede novoin therupununigroup, representing one of 6−7 independent origins in theridiids. Study of the biology ofAnelosimusis important to advance our understanding of the evolution of sociality in spiders.
Phylogenetic review of the Chinese species ofAcanthacorydalis(Megaloptera, Corydalidae)
Authors: Liu Xing Yue , Yang Ding , Ge Si Qin , Yang Xing Ke 
Published: June 2005

The dobsonfly genusAcanthacorydalisWeele is a small genus which only occurs in Asia and comprises eight species. Seven species are restricted to the Oriental realm, whileA. orientalis(McLachlan) extends into the Palaearctic realm. There are five species in China, four of which are endemic. In the present paper, the Chinese species are redescribed, illustrated, keyed, and subjected to phylogenetic and biogeographical analyses for the first time. Geographic distributions are updated. The cladistic analysis for the Chinese species was constructed by using Hennig86, based on 17 adult morphological characters. The phylogenetic relationships obtained are (A. orientalis+A. yunnanensis+A. unimaculata+ (A. fruhstorferi+A. sinensis)). Six areas of endemism are identified based onAcanthacorydalisdistributions: north, south‐west, central and south China, north‐eastern India and northern Vietnam.
Evaluation of ITS rDNA as a complement to mitochondrial gene sequences for phylogenetic studies in freshwater mussels: an example using Unionidae from north‐western Europe
Authors: Källersjö Mari , Von Proschwitz Ted , Lundberg Stefan , Eldenäs Pia , Erséus Christer 
Published: June 2005

Mitochondrial inheritance in the Unionidae is complex since mitochondria can be inherited from both parents. An increased rate of recombination could lead to erroneous homology assessments, which could cause problems for phylogenetic reconstruction. For this reason we investigated the possibility of using a nuclear marker, the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region, for phylogenetic studies in the Unionidae, as a complement and comparison to two of the most widely used mitochondrial genes today. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2) was sequenced from 72 specimens representing six of the seven species of Unionidae mussels occurring in NW Europe: Unio pictorum, U. tumidus, U. crassus, Anodonta anatina, A. cygnea and Pseudanodonta complanata. Sequences from Margaritifera margaritifera were used as an outgroup. The ITS sequences of all species were found to have low intragenomic and infraspecific variation. Compared to mitochondrial genes (16S and COI) they show an intermediate genetic diversity. Phylogenetic analyses produce tree topologies that are congruent with those resulting from analyses of the mitochondrial sequences. Likewise, an incongruence length difference (ILD) test showed no significant incongruence between data sets, indicating that if recombination has occurred it has not produced any conflicting patterns. Best‐resolved and supported trees are obtained when gaps are treated as a fifth character state. A combined analysis of the three gene regions shows that Unio crassus and U. pictorum are more closely related than either to U. tumidus. Pseudanodonta is nested within Anodonta as sister taxon to A. cygnea. Advice on how to best preserve mussel material for DNA studies is provided.
Screening for diabetes in Indigenous populations using glycated haemoglobin: sensitivity, specificity, post‐test likelihood and risk of disease
Authors: Rowley K. G. , Daniel M. , O'Dea K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAims  Screening for diabetes using glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) offers potential advantages over fasting glucose or oral glucose tolerance testing. Current recommendations advise against the use of HbA1c for screening but test properties may vary systematically across populations, according to the diabetes prevalence and risk. We aimed to: (i) characterize the properties of test cut‐offs of HbA1c for diagnosis of diabetes relative to a diagnosis based on a fasting plasma glucose concentration of 7.0 mmol/l for high‐risk Indigenous populations; and (ii) examine test properties across a range of diabetes prevalence from 5 to 30%.Methods  Data were collected from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in Australia and a Canadian First Nations community (diabetes prevalence 12–22%) in the course of diabetes diagnostic and risk factor screening programmes (n = 431). Screening test properties were analyzed for the range of HbA1c observed (3–12.9%).Results  In separate and pooled analyses, a HbA1c cut point of 7.0% proved the optimal limit for classifying diabetes, with summary analysis results of sensitivity = 73 (56–86)%, specificity = 98 (96–99)%, overall agreement (Youden's index) = 0.71, and positive predictive value (for an overall prevalence of 18%) = 88%. For diabetes prevalence from 5 to 30% the post‐test likelihood of having diabetes given HbA1c = 7.0% (positive predictive value) ranged from 62.7 to 93.2%; for HbA1c < 7.0%, the post‐test likelihood of having diabetes ranged from 4.5 to 27.7%.Conclusions  The results converge with research on the likelihood of diabetes complications in supporting a HbA1c cut‐off of 7.0% in screening for diabetes in epidemiological research. Glycated haemoglobin has potential utility in screening for diabetes in high‐risk populations.
An assessment of the coverage of a district‐wide diabetic retinopathy screening service
Authors: Buch H. N. , Barton D. M. , Varughese G. I. , Bradbury S. , Scarpello J. H. B. , Walker A. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAims  To assess the coverage of the diabetes retinopathy screening service (DRSS) in North Staffordshire, to identify patient characteristies associated with non‐attendance and to assess the proportion of patients with diabetic retinopathy who achieved glycaemic and blood pressure (BP) control targets.Methods  Data for all patients who underwent annual retinal screening between 1 May 2000 and 30 April 2001 were obtained from the North Staffordshire Diabetes Register. Age, gender, ethnicity, socio‐economic status, type and duration of diabetes were compared between patients who underwent eye screening and those who did not. Frequencies of patients who achieved glycaemic and BP targets in these groups of patients were compared to the remaining patients.Results  5646 of the 11682 (48%) patients on the diabetes register underwent retinal screening during the year. Patients with Type 2 diabetes, older patients, patients belonging to ethnic minorities and those wholly managed in primary care were less likely to attend for eye screening (P < 0.05 for all groups) with ethnic minority or primary care management demonstrating independent influence (P < 0.001). The percentage of patients with retinopathy achieving HbA1c and systolic BP targets was significantly lower than in their unaffected counterparts (χ2 = 63, P < 0.001 and χ2 = 71, P < 0.001 respectively).Conclusions  The efficacy of the DRSS in North Staffordshire is low and might be improved by targeting specific patient groups. Glycaemic control and systolic BP control needs to be improved in patients with diabetic retinopathy.
Depression in Croatian Type 2 diabetic patients: prevalence and risk factors. A Croatian survey from the European Depression in Diabetes (EDID) Research Consortium
Authors: Pibernik‐Okanovic M. , Peros K. , Szabo S. , Begic D. , Metelko Z. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAims  To determine the prevalence rate of and risk factors for depression in Croatian Type 2 diabetic patients.Methods  Depressive mood was examined in 384 randomly selected outpatients with Type 2 diabetes. Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Axis I Disorders (SCID) were used to identify depressive disturbances. The groups with CES‐D ≥ 16 and < 16 were compared with respect to demographic, psychological and clinical characteristics. Regression analysis was used to determine risk factors for depression.Results  Of the examined patients, 22% had CES‐D scores ≥ 16, and in 33% of them clinical depression was confirmed by the psychiatric interview. Depressed patients compared with the non‐depressed ones reported more diabetes‐related problems and poorer well‐being (t = 6.71, P < 0.001 and t = 11.98, P < 0.001, respectively). Multiple regression analysis indicated female gender, experienced support and the level of emotional well‐being to predict depression (R = 0.74, F = 15.3, P < 0.001).Conclusions  The obtained data indicate that the prevalence rate in Croatian Type 2 diabetic patients is comparable to findings from other cultural settings. Depressive symptoms can be predicted by psychological rather than disease‐related variables. Psychological care for diabetic patients may be necessary to prevent depressive symptomatology.
Indications and efficacy of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy in Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a clinical audit in a specialist service
Authors: Rodrigues I. A. S. , Reid H. A. , Ismail K. , Amiel S. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAim  To determine if current guidelines correctly identify patients who will benefit from continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy by comparing outcomes between Type 1 diabetic patients with recurrent severe hypoglycaemia (SH) indications with those without; and between patients without and with classic contraindications to CSII managed in a single multidisciplinary pump clinic.Methods  Changes in biomedical outcomes [glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), hypoglycaemia, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) rates], from before CSII to the end of the study (median duration 20.5 months, range 1–192), were analysed retrospectively from data collected from notes and interviews of 40 patients. Quality of life was assessed by three validated questionnaires at study end (33 patients).Results  Twenty‐five out of forty patients were started for reasons other than SH and 15 out of 40 had contraindications to CSII. Overall, CSII was associated with a reduction in HbA1c (9.6 ± 2.7% to 8.3 ± 1.2%, P = 0.011), SH (6.45 ± 16.15/year to 0.34 ± 1.01/year, P = 0.034) and DKA (1.83 ± 4.48/year to 0.27 ± 1.12/year, P = 0.036). The fall in SH was greater for patients started for SH (P < 0.001). However, only patients started for other indications showed a fall in HbA1c (P = 0.001). The fall in DKA rate was greater in patients with contraindications (P = 0.042), and they did not lose the other benefits of CSII therapy, including quality of life.Conclusions  In the setting of a specialist multidisciplinary service, CSII can be an effective and safe therapy. It confers benefit outside the setting of severe hypoglycaemia and can confer benefit in some patients with classic contraindications. This questions the validity of criteria that may exclude these patients in such a service.
Association of C‐reactive protein with body fat, diabetes and coronary artery disease in Asian Indians: The Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES‐6)
Authors: Mohan V. , Deepa R. , Velmurugan K. , Premalatha G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjective  The aim of the study was to determine the association of high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) with body fat, diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) in an urban south Indian population.Design  The study was conducted on 150 subjects selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES), an ongoing population‐based study on a representative population of Chennai (formerly Madras). Group 1 comprised of non‐diabetic subjects without CAD (n = 50). Type 2 diabetic subjects without CAD formed Group 2 (n = 50); Group 3 comprised of Type 2 diabetic subjects with CAD (n = 50). CAD was diagnosed based on electrocardiographic (ECG) changes suggestive of ST segment depression and/or Q wave changes using appropriate Minnesota codes. All study subjects were non‐smokers, and had no infectious or inflammatory diseases. The plasma levels of hs‐CRP were measured using a highly sensitive nephelometric assay. Body fat was calculated using Siri's formula using skin fold measurements.Results  Diabetic subjects with (2.89 mg/l) and without (2.25 mg/l) CAD had significantly higher hs‐CRP levels compared with non‐diabetic subjects without CAD (0.99 mg/l, P < 0.001). hs‐CRP values increased with increases in tertiles of body fat (anovaP < 0.001) and HbA1c (anovaP < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed hs‐CRP to be strongly associated with CAD (OR: 1.649, P = 0.040) and diabetes (OR: 2.264, P = 0.008) even after adjusting for age and gender. Regression analysis also revealed body fat to be strongly associated with diabetes and CAD even after adjusting for age and gender (P < 0.001). hs‐CRP influenced this association for diabetes but not for CAD.Conclusion  hs‐CRP showed a strong association with CAD and diabetes, even after adjusting for age and gender. The association of body fat with diabetes seems to be mediated through hs‐CRP. However, hs‐CRP does not appear to mediate the relationship between body fat and CAD.
Prospective screening for biopsy proven coeliac disease, autoimmunity and malabsorption markers in Belgian subjects with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Buysschaert M. , Tomasi J. P. , Hermans M. P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAims  To determine prospectively the prevalence of biopsy proven coeliac disease (CD) in an adult Type 1 diabetic population from Belgium with regards to associated auto‐immunity and malabsorption.Methods and results  Determination in 400 Type 1 diabetic patients of serum anti‐endomysial and/or anti‐transglutaminase auto‐antibodies. All subjects with abnormal serology underwent an intestinal biopsy. Ten patients (2.5%) had positive antibodies. Diagnosis of CD was confirmed by an intestinal biopsy. Eight patients were symptom‐free, although laboratory findings suggesting malabsorption were prominent in the presence of CD [microcytic anaemia, iron and folate deficiencies, low levels of 25(OH)vitamin D3, calcium and cholesterol]. Other auto‐immune conditions, especially vitiligo, were found in patients with CD.Conclusions  Asymptomatic coeliac disease occurs frequently in adult Type 1 diabetic patients, and is often associated with subclinical malabsorption. Screening should be part of routine evaluation, to implement life‐long dietary gluten avoidance.
Impaired vascular function during short‐term poor glycaemic control in Type 1 diabetic patients
Authors: Sørensen V. R. , Mathiesen E. R. , Clausen P. , Flyvbjerg A. , Feldt‐Rasmussen B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAim  To study the effects of short‐term poor glycaemic control on vascular function in Type 1 diabetic patients.Methods  Ten Type 1 diabetic patients, with diabetes duration of less than 10 years and normal urinary albumin excretion and ophthalmoscopy, were studied. All patients were examined after 48 h of good vs. poor glycaemic control within a 3‐week period. Blood glucose was measured seven times daily for 2 days before each examination. External ultrasound was used to measure the dilatory response of the brachial artery to post‐ischaemic increased blood flow (endothelium‐dependent dilation) and to nitroglycerin (endothelium‐independent dilation). Plasma concentration of von Willebrand factor antigen, adhesion molecules, vascular endothelial growth factor, homocystein and cholesterol were also measured.Results  The median blood glucose levels in the 48 h before the examinations were [median (range), good vs. poor control]: 6.3 (5.0–7.6) vs. 15.9 (11.3–17.8) (mmol/l). The flow‐associated vasodilation (% of baseline) was reduced during poor control: 102.7 (94.7–110.8) vs. 104.0 (99.6–118.5) (P < 0.05) as were the nitroglycerin‐induced dilation (% of baseline): 114.5 (103.3–127.9) vs. 120.2 (106.8–148.0) (P < 0.05). P‐von Willebrand factor antigen was high during poor control (kIU/l): 1.14 (0.73–1.84) vs. 0.86 (0.72–1.39) (P < 0.05) and so was P‐vascular endothelial growth factor (ng/l): 288 (133–773) vs. 254 (90–383) (P < 0.05).Conclusions  Short‐term (48 h) hyperglycaemia in Type 1 diabetic patients may disturb vascular function, possibly mediated through smooth muscle cell dysfunction as well as endothelial dysfunction. We suggest that prolonged and repeated episodes of hyperglycaemia could possibly lead to permanent vascular dysfunction and thereby development and progression of vascular complications in diabetes.
Physical activity and energy intake in adolescent girls with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Särnblad S. , Ekelund U. , Åman J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAims  Girls with Type 1 diabetes often gain excessive weight during puberty. The aims of this study were to compare objectively assessed physical activity and energy intake in girls with Type 1 diabetes with those in healthy age‐matched controls.Methods  This prospective cohort study comprised 26 girls with Type 1 diabetes and 49 control girls. The mean age of the diabetic girls was 15.7 ± 2.1 years and that of the control girls 15.8 ± 2.1 years. In the diabetic group, mean haemoglobin A1c was 7.6 ± 1.4% and daily insulin dosage was 1.1 ± 0.3 U/kg. Physical activity was measured during 7 consecutive days with a uniaxial accelerometer, and energy intake was assessed concurrently with a 7‐day food diary.Results  There was a tendency towards lower total amount of physical activity in the diabetes group but the difference between the study groups did not reach statistical significance (Diabetes: 464 ± 123 counts/min/day; Controls: 523 ± 138 counts/min/day; P = 0.06). No difference was found between the groups regarding total energy intake (Diabetes: 8.5 ± 1.8 MJ/day; Controls: 8.4 ± 2.6 MJ/day). The carbohydrate intake was lower and the protein and fibre intakes were higher in girls with diabetes. No association was observed between physical activity, energy intake and HbA1c.Conclusions  In this prospective cohort study, we found a tendency towards lower physical activity but no differences in energy intake between girls with Type 1 diabetes and age‐matched controls. Larger studies are needed to further explore the importance of the total amount of physical activity for excessive weight gain in adolescent girls with Type 1 diabetes.