bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of novel resynthesized rapeseed (Brassica napus) lines and analysis of their genetic diversity in comparison with spring rapeseed cultivars*
Authors: Seyis F. , Snowdon R. J. , Luhs W. , Friedt W. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractResynthesized (RS) rapeseed generated from interspecific hybridization between suitable forms of Brassica rapa L. (syn. campestris; genome AA, 2n = 20) and B. oleracea L. (CC, 2n = 18) represents a potentially important resource to expand genetic diversity in the narrow gene pool of oilseed rape (B. napus L., AACC, 2n = 38). In this study 165 RS rapeseed lines originating from crosses between an Indian Yellow Sarson (B. rapa ssp. trilocularis) and five different cauliflower (B. oleracea convar. botrytis) cultivars were studied using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and their genetic diversity was compared in relationship to an assortment of 40 diverse spring oilseed and fodder rape varieties. Using three AFLP primer combinations, a total of 467 polymorphic bands were scored. Cluster analysis allowed differentiation among the different RS lines, which, as expected, were genetically highly divergent from the cultivars. The genetic diversity of the material is discussed in relation to its morphological variability with a view to the implementation of RS lines in oilseed rape breeding.
A vernalization protocol for obtaining progenies from regenerated and transgenic tall fescue plants
Authors: Wang Z. Y. , Bell J. , Scott M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractTall fescue is an important outcrossing forage and turf grass species that requires vernalization to flower. A reproducible protocol was developed for vernalization of regenerated, transgenic and seed‐derived tall fescue plants. Following the vernalization scheme that involved gradual changes of temperature and daylength, seeds were routinely produced from vernalized plants under greenhouse conditions. Molecular analyses of progenies obtained from crosses between transgenic and seed‐derived plants revealed stable meiotic transmission of transgenes following Mendelian inheritance in transgenic tall fescue.
AFLP, ISSR and RAPD markers reveal high levels of genetic diversity among Lupinus spp.
Authors: Talhinhas P. , Neves‐Martins J. , Leitao J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe Lupinus genus includes a number of important crop species. The use of defined nucleotide sequences for the analysis of genetic diversity among these species has revealed modest levels of diversity. The aim of this study was to access AFLP, ISSR and RAPD markers to evaluate the genetic diversity among L. albus, L. angustifolius, L. cosentinii, L. hispanicus, L. luteus, L. mutabilis, L. pilosus and L. polyphyllus. Unexpectedly, low levels of genetic similarity were found (ranging from 0.205 to 0.432), regardless of the type of molecular marker used. Nevertheless, these techniques consistently showed a greater genetic similarity between L. pilosus and L. cosentinii, L. mutabilis and L. polyphyllus and among L. luteus, L. hispanicus and L. angustifolius, clearly separating the Old World from the New World species. Such low genetic similarity among Lupinus spp. is most unlikely to be due to differences in coding sequences but could be the result of a long diverging process concerning non‐coding regions, which would represent a very important proportion of these genomes.
The use of AFLP markers for cultivar identification in apricot
Authors: Geuna F. , Toschi M. , Bassi D. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAmplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) molecular markers were employed for the fingerprinting of 118 accessions of apricot, including cultivated varieties and related apricot species. Five primer combinations were tested and 165 polymorphic bands produced which could uniquely differentiate all accessions under investigation. Primer combinations were rated according to the multiplex ratio, the polymorphic index content and the discrimination power parameters and superior combinations were identified. AFLP markers were used in cluster analysis carried out with the UPGMA and the neighbour‐joining methods and parsimony analysis. Four groups of similar accessions were identified: (i) those from the Mediterranean basin, (ii) from China, (iii) from continental Europe and (iv) mixed Europe‐North America accessions. In the principal component analysis the first three components accounted for 17% of the total variability existing among accessions. Because the most important regions where apricot is cultivated in the world were represented in the analysis, with a large number of varieties, it was possible to discuss the data in the light of current phylogenetic hypotheses on the origin and evolution of the species.
A contribution to the systematics of a piedmontese plum ecotype
Authors: Nassi M. O. , Ruffa E. , Me G. , Lepori G. , Radicati L. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract Prunus domestica L., P. insititia L., P. salicina Lindl. and P. cerasifera Ehrh. are the most important species included in the plum group. Many ‘cultivars’ have an undefined origin and share very similar morpho‐phenological characteristics that make their identification difficult. This is the case of ‘Ramasin’, a group of Piedmontese genotypes whose fruits are small, ellipsoidal and very tasty. They are commonly considered as P. domestica varieties, even though on the basis of some morphological characteristics they are similar to other species such as P. insititia. In order to study the origin of this group, the DNA of 25 genotypes of ‘Ramasin’, and that of some ‘cultivars’ of P. domestica, P. insititia, P. cerasifera, P. salicina and two selections of P. spinosa L. was examined. The PCR‐RAPDs method (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction) was used and all 69 primers that were tested generated more or less polymorphic bands. From the results of these analyses it can be supposed that the ‘Ramasin’ plums are a single genetically heterogeneous group. Moreover it can probably be assumed that ‘Ramasin’ arose from crosses between P. domestica and P. insititia.
Thymalfasin (thymosin‐alpha 1) therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: LIAW YUN‐FAN 
Published: November 2004

Abstract  Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious clinical problem because of its worldwide distribution and potential adverse sequelae. Globally, there are approximately 350 million people infected with chronic HBV, 75% of whom live in the Asia–Pacific region. Interferon‐alfa and direct antiviral agents such as lamivudine and adefovir are effective in the therapy of chronic HBV infection but the efficacy is far from satisfactory, particularly in perinatally infected patients, patients with lower ALT levels and those with HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B. Thymalfasin (thymosin‐alpha1) is an immunoregulatory agent able to enhance Th1 response. It has been shown to trigger maturational events in lymphocytes, to augment T‐cell function, and to promote reconstitution of immune defects. Studies are underway in both monotherapy and combination therapy with thymalfasin and interferon and results are promising.© 2004 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Horizontal dinoflage11ate cyst distribution, sediment characteristics and benthic flux in Manila Bay, Philippines
Authors: Azanza Rhodora V. , Siringan Fernando P. , Diego‐Mcglone Maria Lourdes San , Yñiguez Aletta T. , Macalalad Neil H. , Zamora Peter B. , Agustin Melissa B. , Matsuoka Kazumi 
Published: November 2004

SUMMARYThe lateral variation of sediment properties and associated cyst content of sediment in Manila Bay were determined and their possible role/s in the occurrences of Pyrodinium bahamense Plate var. compressum (Bohm) Steidinger, Tester et Taylor toxic blooms were assessed. Manila Bay's surface sediment was determined to be silt dominated. Clay generally increased towards the coast, probably as a result of flocculation and rapid deposition upon entry of sediments from the rivers. High sand content characterized the southeastern part of the bay attributed to the greater sand inputs and relatively strong currents in this area. Bulk densities were lower in the eastern side of the bay from dilution by high organic load from sewage and urban areas. Benthic flux calculations, particularly NH3, suggest more than 50% nutrient contribution comes from sediments.In general, dinoflagellate cyst density increased from the center of the bay towards the coast, except in Pampanga Bay where it deceased near the coasts. A maximum of 23 dinoflagellate species were identified: 5 were autotrophic (Lingulodinium polyedrum (Stein) Dodge, Gonyaulax spp., Pyrophacus steinii (Schiller) Wall et Dale, Protoceratium reticulatum (Claparede et Lachmann) Butschli, and Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum), and the rest were predominantly composed of Protoperidinium spp. and Diplopsalis spp. Heterotrophs comprised about 70% of the total cyst counts. Pyrodinium counts increased towards the northwestern part of the bay where it was the dominant autotroph species. Negative correlations were observed for live Pyrodinium cyst density and N flux, P flux, ratio of N to P and total organic carbon (TOC) content. However, areas with high N:P ratio contain abundant Pyrodinium live cysts.
Syphilis presenting as scleritis in an HIV‐positive man undergoing immune reconstitution
Authors: Moloney Gregory , Branley Michael , Kotsiou George , Rhodes Dennis 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA 45‐year‐old HIV‐positive man receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) presented with 6 weeks of right‐sided headache and right eye pain. He had been diagnosed seropositive 2 years previously and screened negative for syphilis at that time. Examination demonstrated focal anterior scleritis with underlying retinitis and a mild vitritis. He was found to have positive syphilis serology and further investigations were consistent with neurosyphilis. Parenteral penicillin was commenced with prompt clinical response. This initial presentation of syphilis as acute scleritis emphasizes the need for thorough work‐up of immunocompromised patients with inflammatory ocular disease.
Clinical Case Notes
Authors: Chan Fiona M , Lee Lawrence 
Published: November 2004

AbstractNanophthalmos is a rare ophthalmic condition with potential sight‐threatening complications. In addition, nanophthalmic eyes have a high incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications, including uveal effusion and retinal detachment. Prophylactic measures to prevent these complications may be used. The case is presented where cataract extraction for a nanophthalmic eye was performed from a posterior approach in combination with a pars plana vitrectomy and gas procedure. To the authors’ knowledge, this method of cataract extraction has not been reported before for this condition.
Clinical Case Notes
Authors: Vote Brendan J , Hall Anthony , Cairns James , Buttery Robert 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSympathetic ophthalmia is a rare and potentially visually devastating bilateral panuveitis, typically following non‐surgical penetrating injury to one eye. Three patients are presented where sympathetic ophthalmia developed after repeated vitreoretinal surgery. Prompt and effective management with systemic immunosuppressive agents permitted control of their disease and retention of good visual acuity in their remaining eye. Vitreoretinal surgery is an important risk factor in sympathetic ophthalmia. Informed consent for vitreoretinal surgery (especially in the re‐operation setting) should now include the risk of sympathetic ophthalmia (approximately 1 in 800). Diverse clinical presentations are possible in sympathetic ophthalmia and any bilateral uveitis following vitreoretinal surgery should alert the surgeon to the possibility of sympathetic ophthalmia. Modern immunosuppressive therapy with systemic steroids and steroid‐sparing agents such as cyclosporin A and azathioprine have improved the prognosis. This is particularly so in cases where early diagnosis is made and prompt and suitable immunotherapy is commenced.
Clinical Case Notes
Authors: Wechsler David Z , Tay Thain S , McKay David L 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThree cases are reported where life‐threatening haematological disorders requiring urgent medical intervention presented initially to the ophthalmologist. Case one, chronic myeloid leukaemia, presented with bilateral leukaemic retinopathy and central retinal vein obstruction due to hyperviscosity. Case two, acute myeloid leukaemia, presented with bilateral haemorrhagic retinopathy. Case three, aplastic anaemia, presented with bilateral retinopathy due to anaemia and thrombocytopaenia resembling bilateral central retinal vein occlusion. In all three cases the presence of simultaneous bilateral retinal vascular involvement and white‐centred haemorrhages suggested an underlying haematological disorder and differentiated them from typical retinal venous obstruction. Prompt identification of the underlying haematological disorder allows timely referral for potentially life‐saving treatment.
Malnutrition screening in hospitalised patients and its implication on reimbursement
Authors: Raja R. , Lim A. V. , Lim Y. P. , Lim G. , Chan S. P. , Vu C. K. F. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract Background : Several studies have cited the incidence of malnutrition in hospitals, which is correlated to negative clinical outcomes, to be up to 60%. Data in Singapore, however, are scarce. Its impact on casemix funding is not known.Aims : The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of malnutrition, the predisposing risk factors and the impact of documentation and coding of malnutrition on casemix funding in a local population in Singapore.Methods : Patients admitted to selected wards over a 1‐month period were screened for malnutrition. Those at risk were further assessed using subjective global assessment. Logistic regression was used to ascertain the impact of identified factors on malnutrition. Financial impact analysis of coding of malnutrition as a comorbidity was carried out and tested with Wilcoxon signed rank tests.Results : Six hundred and fifty‐eight patients were eligible for screening. The overall prevalence of malnutrition in the selected wards was 14.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 12.0−17.4%). Old age, the occurrence of cancer and the admitting unit were statistically significant in explaining the occurrence of malnutrition. Coding of malnutrition was found to significantly increase the complexity of 24 of 105 episodes (22.9%) of patient care as measured by expected cost weights (P < 0.001) and expected lengths of stay (P < 0.001). As a result, the expected financing for these 24 patients increased by 59.7%.Conclusions : Malnutrition is prevalent in hospitalised medical and surgical patients. Certain clinical factors should heighten awareness and prompt detection for malnutrition. Coding for malnutrition impacts favour­ably on casemix funding for a subset of malnourished patients. (Intern Med J 2004; 34: 176−181)
Planned pregnancy in a heart transplant recipient
Authors: Wasywich C. A. , Ruygrok P. N. , Wilkinson L. , Gibbs H. , Coverdale H. A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSolid organ transplantation often leads to the return of fertility in recipients. In females of childbearing age this can be accompanied by a desire to have children. The present paper discusses a planned pregnancy in a heart transplant recipient and outlines important ­management issues. These principles of management can be applied to most solid organ transplant recipients. (Intern Med J 2004; 34: 206−209)
Guidelines for the use of antifungal agents in the treatment of invasive Candida and mould infections
Authors: Slavin M. A. , Szer J. , Grigg A. P. , Roberts A. W. , Seymour J. F. , Sasadeusz J. , Thursky K. , Chen S. C. , Morrissey C. O. , Heath C. H. , Sorrell And T. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACT Treatment of invasive fungal infections is increasingly complex. Amphotericin B deoxycholate has long been the mainstay of treatment. However, there has been increasing recognition of both the propensity for nephro­toxicity in haematology, transplant and intensive care patients as well as its adverse impact on morbidity and mortality. This has coincided with the availabilty of newer, and in certain settings, more effective antifungal agents. Although the newer agents clearly cause less nephrotoxicity than amphotericin B, drug interactions, hepatic effects and unique side‐effects need to be considered. The spectrum of the newer triazoles and echino­candins varies, highlighting the importance of accurate identification of the causative organism where possible. Consensus Australian guidelines have been developed to assist clinicians with treatment choices by reviewing the current evidence for the efficacy, the toxicity and the cost of these agents. (Intern Med J 2004; 34: 192−200)
Long‐term follow up of sequential mobilisation and autologous transplantation with CD34‐selected cells in multiple myeloma: a multimodality approach
Authors: Horvath N. , Hahn U. , Joshua D. , Dyson P. , Gibson J. , Stevens J. , Rawling T. , Barrow L. , Brown R. , Stephens S. , Gower G. , Norman J. , Mills B. , To L. B. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract Background:  Even after high dose chemotherapy (HDT) and autologous haemopoietic stem cell transplantation, the majority of patients with multiple myeloma eventually relapse.Aim:  The aim of the present study was to study the ­feasibility and outcome of delivering a regimen including in vivo and in vitro purging and double HDT in patients with multiple myeloma.Methods:  Thirty‐four patients with advanced multiple myeloma were enrolled in a program of vincristine, doxo­rubicin and dexamethasone chemotherapy, high dose cyclophosphamide/granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) stem cell mobilisation, CD34 selection of harvested stem cells (in vitro purging), double HDT (cyclophosphamide/epirubicin in the first, busulphan/melphalan in the second) rescued by CD34+‐selected cells, the second rescue using cells harvested following the first HDT (in vivo purging) and interferon maintenance.Results:  Forty‐four per cent of patients completed the program. Fifty‐three per cent of withdrawals were as a result of insufficient stem cells. This correlated to previous chemotherapy. Therapy‐related mortality was 6%. CD34+ selection achieved more than a 2‐log reduction of CD38++ cells; in vivo purging achieved 80%. Although similar numbers of CD34+ cells were reinfused at both HDT, platelet recovery was slower after the second HDT. Additional complete remissions were achieved after each phase of therapy, 3% at the end of vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone and 33% after completing planned HDT. Factors associated with longer overall survival included age less than 60 years (P = 0.044), serum β‐2‐microglobulin below 3 µγ/L at entry (P = 0.042) and less than 2 months between the two HDT (P = 0.024). The only factor associated with a longer event‐free survival was less than 2 months between HDT on study (P = 0.038).Conclusions:  (i) dose intensification with two HDT delivered within 2 months might be associated with a better patient outcome, (ii) early mobilisation should be incorporated in multiple myeloma HDT programs and (iii) higher CD34+ doses may be required for tandem transplants. (Intern Med J 2004; 34: 167−175)
Fibrosing alveolitis in systemic sclerosis: the need for early screening and treatment
Authors: Sahhar J. , Littlejohn G. , Conron M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAbnormalities in lung function occur in 70% of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Fibrosing alveolitis in SSc (FASSc) is more commonly seen in the diffuse cutaneous form of SSc, particularly in the presence of antitopoisomerase antibodies (Scl70), and with the decreasing incidence of scleroderma renal crisis it is now the major cause of mortality in this patient population. Screening of patients recently diagnosed with SSc by pulmonary function tests and the performance of high resolution computed tomography when physiological abnormalities are identified has resulted in the identification of significant numbers of patients with early, asymptomatic FASSc. Whether these patients should be further investigated with a surgical lung biopsy or receive immunosuppression is unclear, because it cannot yet be reliably predicted who will develop progressive disease and the evidence to support the efficacy of treatment is not strong. The objective of the present article was to review the evidence to support the use of immunosuppressive therapy in FASSc and, based on these data, to propose an algorithm for the investigation and management of this difficult clinical problem. (Intern Med J 2004; 34: 626−638)
Audit of community‐based anticoagulant monitoring in patients with thromboembolic disease: is frequent testing necessary?
Authors: Young L. , Ockelford P. , Harper P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractOral anticoagulant monitoring is managed by general practitioners in Auckland. An audit of this service in 452 patients demonstrated that anticoagulant control was in line with recommended international guidelines, with 58.3% of international normalized ratio (INR) measurements in the therapeutic range. However, the frequency of testing was high, with the majority of patients (68%), including those on long‐term treatment, having INR measurements at weekly intervals. We question the need for such frequent INR testing. (Intern Med J 2004; 34: 639−641)
Gene therapy: applications and progress towards the clinic
Authors: Trent R. J. A. , Alexander I. E. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractGene therapy was originally conceived as an approach to the treatment of genetic disease, to repair or replace a faulty gene. Subsequently, gene therapy clinical trials have been undertaken for a wide range of conditions, particularly cancer and AIDS. Overall, the results from gene therapy have been disappointing. The reasons include the following: (i) low gene transfer efficiencies and (ii) shortcomings in the identification and manipulation of appropriate target cells, including progenitor cell populations required for the maintenance of long‐term effects. Today, the immense potential of gene therapy remains, but more basic research is required to improve technical aspects of this form of cellular therapy. (Intern Med J 2004; 34: 621−625)