bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Productivity and growing-season stability in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under contrasting ecogeographic conditions
Authors: Novikova L. Yu. , Berzegova A. A. , Gurkina M. V. , Buravtseva T. V. 
Published: October 2023

Background. Studying the effect size of the environment versus breeding-oriented plant traits is relevant under climate change. Identification of stable accessions while evaluating the source material in contrasting environments can increase the efficiency of breeding practice.Materials and methods. Thirty common bean accessions from the VIR collection were sown for 3 years in the contrasting environments of Maikop and Astrakhan. Eight useful agronomic traits were studied according to VIR’s guidelines. Statistical processing was carried out using ANOVA, correlation and regression analyses. Environmental stability of productivity was assessed according S. A. Eberhart and W. A. Russell (1966).Results and discussion. The study of the variability of traits showed the stability of the sowing-to-ripening period duration (average coefficient of variation: 10.9%) and 1000 seed weight (17.3%). The effect of the genotype was the determining factor only for 1000 seed weight (67.6% of the variance). The growing season duration, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and productivity depended more on the environments. Productivity formation patterns were basically the same at both sites: productivity of an accession depended on the number of pods, and 1000 seed weight was negatively related to the number of seeds per pod. The growing season in Maikop depended on the flowering-to-ripening period (r = 0.73); in Astrakhan, on the sprouting-to-flowering period (r = 0.85). The duration of the sowing-to-sprouting and sprouting-to-flowering periods significantly correlated with mean temperatures (r = –0.87 and 0.87, respectively), while the flowering-to-ripening period did not depend on the mean temperature.Conclusion. Accessions relatively stable in their productivity and duration of the growing season were identified. They demonstrated both determinant and indeterminate growth, attesting to the prospects of breeding work with different common bean groups.
Marker-assisted selection in the development of advanced apple-tree forms and donors combining scab resistance with increased fruit storability
Authors: Suprun I. I. , Egorov E. A. , Nasonov A. I. , Lobodina E. V. , Tokmakov S. V. , Stepanov I. V. 
Published: October 2023

Background. Cultivation of scab-resistant apple cultivars with better fruit storability increases the economic efficiency and environmental friendliness of horticulture. Hence, the development of such cultivars is an important task in modern apple-tree breeding.Materials and methods. A set of 646 hybrid plants obtained in six cross combinations (Renet Simirenko/Modi, Renet Simirenko/Smeralda, Renet Simirenko/Renoir, Renet Simirenko/Fujion, Renoir/Granny Smith, and Modi/Granny Smith) was studied. Their scab resistance was assessed under natural infection pressure for two years using a quantitative scale. The Rvi6 gene was identified using the PCR analysis with the primer pair VfC1+VfC. The Md-ACS1 gene alleles were detected with a known SCAR DNA marker. The chi-square test was applied for statistical confirmation of the data.Results. Based on the DNA marker analysis, 328 plants carrying the dominant allele of the Rvi6 gene were identified. The results of the phenotypic resistance assessment confirmed the correspondence of the resistant phenotype / dominant allele of the gene for most plants. Molecular genetics analysis of the Md-ACS1 gene disclosed its allelic combinations. A total of 190, 322, and 126 plants carrying allelic variants of Md-ACS1-2/2, Md-ACS1-1/2, and Md-ACS1-1/1, respectively, were identified. Among the plants with the dominant allele of the scab resistance Rvi6 gene, 92 plant forms were identified with Md-ACS1-2/2, and 143 heterozygous ones (Md-ACS1-1/2), also valuable for breeders.Conclusion. A wide range of apple breeding forms carrying valuable alleles of the Rvi6 and Md-ACS1 genes were selected. Hybrid forms with target alleles of both genes responsible for important agronomic traits would contribute to the intensification of breeding efforts aimed at producing scab-resistant apple cultivars with increased fruit storability. They can also be used for breeding purposes as complex donors.
النشاطات الرياضية لخلفاء بنو العباس (هارون الرشيد انموذجاً (170-193 هـ)
Authors: حميد رشيد نغم 
Published: October 2023

منذ العصور القديمة ، كانت الرياضة تعتبر أحد أهم أشكال الترفيه وكانت لها أهمية في حياة الناس اليومية. كان هذا صحيحًا بشكل خاص خلال العصر العباسي في ظل حكم الخليفة هارون الرشيد (170-193 هـ) . حيث عرض التاريخ مجموعة متنوعة من الأنشطة الرياضية والحضارة العربية الإسلامية التي بلغت أوجها خلال هذه الفترة التاريخية الهامة ، كانت الرياضة على وجه الخصوص من الممارسات التي حظيت باهتمام العباسيين الذين مارسوا الأنشطة الترفيهية لغرض الترفيه ، وسواء تم ذلك في الخفاء أو في العلن أو من قبل الخلفاء أنفسهم و كان الرشيد أول من مارس الرياضة المنظمة في عهد الأسرة العباسية.
The “Softer” Side of Fusion Materials Development
Authors: Garcia-Diaz Brenda L. , Hitchcock Dale , Larsen George , Guin Tyler , Sindelar Bob , Dylla-Spears Rebecca J. , Williams G. Jackson , Xia Xiaoxing , Kemp G. Elijah 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The development of polymers, traditionally neglected in fusion materials research, is crucial to the success of commercial fusion energy. This article provides an overview of the materials science and technology challenges that will need to be addressed to develop the mechanically “soft” materials that will serve functional needs in a fusion pilot plant.
Parallels of U.S. Post-Vietnam Military Transformation And Georgia’s Post-2008 War with Russia
Authors: BUSHYHEAD John 
Published: October 2023

The Vietnam War involved United States combat forces in the 1960’s and 1970’s. Decades later, the world observed the 2008 Georgia – Russia War.This article examines parallels in military transformation between the U.S. Army post-Vietnam War and Georgian Army at the conclusion of the 2008 Georgia - Russia War. The U.S and Georgian Armies, at the end of their respective wars were clearly institutions in need of tectonic change. This article starts by providing a brief overview of both wars and conclude with an assessment of parallels in post-war transformation needs.This article identifies parameters in which the United States Army found itself post-Vietnam War regarding military transformation. After doing so, juxtaposes this with the Georgian Army post-Georgia-Russia War.This article identifies overlapping drivers of institutional change from both Wars. This article does this based on analysis and research of other authors, and my own personal experience as a retired senior U.S. Army officer and defense contractor who spent decades in this field.The process of developing and implementing peacetime military change can take several decades. Therefore, stability in an organization’s missionand resources can be important (Nielson, 2010, pp. 4).Through this study, future U.S. efforts in military transformation can be better understood and more effective. Increased effectiveness and understandingdirectly correlates to a compressed timeframe for military transformation efforts.Through this article, one can see there are many parallels between the U.S. Army toward the end of the Vietnam War and with Georgia at the end of the 2008 Georgia-Russia War. Just as the U.S. made remarkable strides post-Vietnam, Georgia has made remarkable strides in military transformation through visionary leadership and abundance of will coupled with limitless intellectual capacity.
Keywords: Vietnam War, Military Transformation, 2008 Russia – Georgia War, Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA), Curriculum Development (ADDIE), Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), National Training Center (NTC), Former Soviet Union, Soviet Army, Change Management Strategy, Institutional Change
U.S. Cybersecurity Strategy as One of the Main Directions of National Security Policy of the Country
Authors: CHITADZE Nika 
Published: October 2023

The paper discusses the history of cyber warfare, its essence, basics and origins, the Internet, and technological advances. As well as threats from cyberwar, cyber-attacks, cyber defenses of different countries, viruses, malware and hacker attacks, information warfare, propaganda, disinformation, fake news, security concepts, and challenges. The main topic of the research is cyberwar, as a process following the real conventional war, as well as an alternative version of the war. There are analyzed global security, the role of the United States, and NATO. Based on the research, the paper separates and explains different terms, focusing on the political term “civil cyberwar” presented by discourse analysis based on new circumstances.
Keywords: Cybersecurity, Cyberwarfare, NATO, Security, Strategy, USA
Russia and the Caucasus Regions
Authors: USTIASHVILI Samin , BAKHTADZE Irina 
Published: October 2023

According to Russian leaders, the traditional sphere of influence of the Soviet Union, mainly Central Asia and the Caucasus, is the first defensive bulwark to protect Russia’s national security; Moscow’s behavior in the context of Tsarist Russia and the former Soviet Union should seek to dominate the region.However, Russia has taken different approaches to Central Asia and the Caucasus over the past two decades. A closer look at the reason for such techniques reveals that these approaches were purely tactical and aimed at realizing Russia’s grand strategy in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Current trends indicate that the Russian governing body has always sought to portray Russia as an oil emperor in formulating its long-term strategy.An actor who, by promoting his position, can play a geopolitical and critical role in the field of energy and exploit Russia’s energy resources and the monopoly of energy transmission pipelines as a political and economic tool to secure its geopolitical interests in the Eurasian region, particularly in relations with the European Union. This study will examine Russia’s obstacles in achieving its goals in the Central Asian region and the Caucasus after the Cold War.
Keywords: Russian politics, Central Asia and the Caucasus, Iran, Ukraine, Cold War, Geopolitics
Domestic Violence in the United States
Authors: GOGBERASHVILI Salome 
Published: October 2023

Although the Unites States is considered to be one of the democratic countries in the word, domestic and family violence still represents an issue of concern in the twenty-first century. According to statistics, about 10 million people are victims of some kind of domestic violence every year (Huecker, King, Jordan, & Smock, 2022). Real statistics, however, might be higher than the official stats state as some victims do not want or are frightened to talk about it or simply some people do not realize, due to lack of information, that they in reality are the victims of domestic violence. That is the main reason why it is important to raise awareness about this issue.
It is important to clearly identify what domestic violence is, what are main signs of domestic violence and what can be done when facing the problem. Keywords: Abuse, domestic violence, intimate partner violence, physical violence, psychological violence.
The Dynamics of Polish-Georgian Relations from the 15th Century till Presen
Authors: CHUMBURIDZE Tea 
Published: October 2023

Since ancient times, Georgian people had relations with the neighboring and distant countries.Georgian and foreign researchers often facedmajorquestions: what did the Georgian nationendure,howdid it endure and how did it survive?Georgian-foreign relations in most casesaddressedfreedom and independence of the motherlandand this aspectis very important for the understanding ofthe Georgian nation, its uniqueness and peculiarities. An ancient civilizednation standing at the junction of Europe and Asia, was interesting not only from a strategic point of view, but itownedthe Eurasian economiclever and the key to the whole system of relations.Since the 19thcentury, relations of Poland and Georgia have emerged and developed within the framework of one empire. This very aspectis of an interest in terms of Polish-Georgian relations, not only from a purely cultural point of view, but from a historical one, as well. Therefore, from today's perspective, it seems relevant to discuss our past and its consequences, especially if this deals withthe people, once prosperous and strong, and since the 19thcentury, under the colonial rule.
Keywords: Dynamics, Georgia, Poland,Relations
The Lottery and the Middle Class
Authors: Hassan Wesam 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
I focus on middle-class engagement with lotteries and numerical games of chance, to understand the symbolic boundary-making processes in the Turkish context. Based on 18 months of ethnographic research (2021–2022) with people who regularly participate in state-regulated games of chance in Istanbul, I argue that the middle class(es) have diversified subjectivities with elusive moral boundary-making and differentiated views on risk-taking that transcend the classic distinction between the old middle class and the new middle class. The uncertain socioeconomic situation has rendered my participants precariat and made them move beyond the illusionary boundaries of a perceived stability or ‘in-betweenness’ of the middle class. To mitigate future uncertainty, they engage in speculative ventures, such as games of chance and entrepreneurial pursuits and act beyond what has been considered safe, rational, or secure economic activities.
Digitality and Political Theory
Authors: Favarato Claudia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Digitality is increasingly central to individuals’ existence, which has political implications. The article maps the political implications of digitalisation, focusing on African political thought. The latter is marked by Afro-communitarianism ideas, which foster solidarity, relationality, and communalism as foundational values of the polity. However, African communitarianism has granted little attention to contemporary phenomena such as digitalisation. Also, political theory discussions on digitality have looked mainly at (neo)liberal contexts. How the digital age is reshaping the tenets of communitarian political theories represents an underdiscussed issue. This article outlines a research agenda on digitality and African political thought. New digitality-enabled relational modes change human and political interactions. The issue at stake is how these new modes challenge or strengthen the Afro-communitarian political outlook. This article recognises digital-humanism, political community, relations of power as central matters of inquiry. The analysis relies on bibliographic sources from African philosophy and comparative political theory.
FEHÎM-İ KADÎM DÎVÂNI’NDA TEFÂHÜR
Authors: ÇAPAN Pervin , YAŞA TOPRAK Tuğçe 
Published: October 2023

Klâsik Türk şiirinde fahriyye, övünme, büyüklenme demektir ve genellikle kaside, gazel ve bazen de diğer nazım şekillerinde şairin kendisini övdüğü; erdemlerinden bahsederek diğer şairlerden farkını ve bilhassa üstünlüğünü dile getirdiği; felekten ve zamaneden şikâyet ederek kıymetinin bilinmediğini vurguladığı bölümün adıdır. Tefâhür ise aynı köktendir ve övünme anlamına gelmektedir. Şairler şiirlerinin genellikle mahlas beyitlerinde şâirâne tefâhür olarak nitelenebilecek bir söyleyişle şiir ve şairliklerini övmüşlerdir. XVII. yüzyıl Klâsik Türk şairlerinden biri olan Fehîm-i Kadîm de Dîvân’ında hemen her fırsatta ve her nazım şeklinde kendi şairlik dehasını medhetmiştir. Sebk-i Hindî’nin de önemli temsilcileri arasında yer alan şair, kendi üstün yaratılışını ve şiir yazmadaki yeteneğini, yalnız mahlas beyitlerinde değil, aynı zamanda Dîvân’ında yer alan manzumelerin bir ya da birkaç beytinde veya bir gazelinin tamamında da kendisine has üslûbu ile ortaya koyar. Bu tefâhür beyitlerinde şair sadece kendisini övmekle yetinmez, aynı zamanda şiirinin köşe taşlarını oluşturan poetikasını da sunar. Fehîm-i Kadîm bu kabil beyitlerinde diğer şairlerle kendisini mukayese ederek edebî eleştirilerde bulunur ve bir şiirin nasıl olması gerektiği konusuna dikkat çeker. Onun kendi şiirlerinde övgüye değer bulduğu unsurlar ve övgü kıstasları, geleneğin güncellenmesi olduğu kadar, okur için şairin yaşadığı dönemin tenkid anlayışı hakkında da bazı önemli ipuçları verir.
Bu makalede, Fehîm-i Kadîm Dîvânı’ndaki manzumelerde yer alan tefâhür beyitleri özellikle şairin poetikasını ortaya koymak maksadıyla incelenmiştir. İlk olarak seçilen beyitler Klâsik metin şerhi eşliğinde incelenerek şairin murad edindiği mânâ kâinatı üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışmanın esasını teşkil eden inceleme kısmı ise Yaratılış Üstünlüğü Üzerinden Tefâhür, Kasîdelerin Fahriyyelerinde Yer Alan Tefâhür, Gazellerin Mahlas Beyitlerinde Yer Alan Tefâhür, Rubâîlerde Yer Alan Tefâhür, Terkîb-i Bendlerde Yer Alan Tefâhür şeklindeki başlıklarla düzenlenerek Fehîm-i Kadîm’in ideal bir şairden ve şiirden beklentisinin ne olduğu ve seçilen örneklerin poetik değeri tespit edilmiştir.
EDUKASI GIZI ONLINE MELALUI MEDIA VIDEO DAN LEAFLET TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN KEPATUHAN DIET PENDERITA DM
Authors: Rianti Nur Awalia , Siregar Afriyana , Podojoyo Podojoyo 
Published: October 2023

Edukasi gizi merupakan pilar utama penatalaksanaan DM yang bertujuan untuk menambah pengetahuan dan mengubah perilaku kepatuhan diet menjadi lebih baik. Media edukasi yang dipilih adalah video dan leaflet yang penyebarannya secara online menyesuaikan kondisi pandemi dan perkembangan teknologi informasi yang membuat semakin banyak cara dan jenis alat bantu untuk melakukan edukasi. Penelitian eksperimen semu dengan rancangan penelitian Non-Randomized Control Group Pretest Posttest Design bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh edukasi gizi online melalui media video dan leaflet terhadap pengetahuan dan kepatuhan diet penderita DM di Puskesmas Padang Selasa Palembang. Sampel berjumlah 60 orang yang dibagi dua kelompok yaitu intervensi dan kontrol dengan menggunakan metode Purposive Sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur dan food recall 3 x 24 jam. Analisis data yang digunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat. Penelitian ini menunjukkan pada uji t-dependent didapatkan p-value pengetahuan pada kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol sebesar 0,000 (p-value <0,05) dan kepatuhan diet kelompok intervensi sebesar 0,048 dan kelompok kontrol sebesar 0,039 (p-value <0,05). Pada uji t-independent didapatkan p-value pengetahuan sebesar 0,000 (p-value <0,05), sedangkan p-value kepatuhan diet sebesar 0,902 (p-value >0,05). Edukasi gizi online melalui media video dan leaflet ada pengaruh terhadap pengetahuan namun tidak ada pengaruh terhadap kepatuhan diet penderita DM di Puskesmas Padang Selasa Palembang. Kata kunci : Edukasi, Kepatuhan Diet, Online, Pengetahuan Diet
PENGARUH MASSAGE BAYI TERHADAP PENINGKATAN FREKUENSI MENYUSUI DAN BERAT BADAN BAYI PADA USIA 1-6 BULAN
Authors: Rasdiana Rasdiana , Ramba Yonathan , Halimah Andi , Erawan Tiar , Fajriah Siti Nurul , Suharto Suharto 
Published: October 2023

Latar Belakang: Masa bayi adalah masa keemasan sekaligus masa kritis perkembangan, massage dapat mendorong pertumbuhan yang sehat dan memainkan peran penting dalam perkembangan mental, fisik, sistem sirkulasi darah dan kekebalan bayi. Salah satu indikator terpenting dalam menilai pemenuhan nutrisi pada bayi adalah dengan memperhitungkan berat badan. Masa bayi antara usia 0-12 bulan, merupakan masa emas untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi.Metode : Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pre experimental dengan desain The One Group Pretest-Posttest Design, merupakan salah satu bentuk penelitian dimana pemilihan subjek penelitian dilakukan secara non-random, dan tidak memiliki control group atau comparison group bertujuan Untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh massage bayi terhadap peningkatan frekuensi menyusui dan berat badan bayi pada usia 1 – 6 bulan di Puskesmas Sudiang Raya Makassar, dengan besar sampel sebanyak 10 orang yang memenuhi kriteria sampel Inklusi dan eksklusi pada kelompok perlakuan.Hasil : Hasil berdistribusi normal sehingga dilakukan uji data dengan uji Paired Sample T- test.Berdasarkan uji t pada frekuensi menyusui diperoleh ASI pre test dan post test sebesar p= 0,589> α= 0,05, dan p= 0,709> α= 0,05 berdistribusi normal dan berat badan pre test dan post test sebesar p= 0,886 > α= 0,05, dan p= 0,959> α= 0,05 berarti berdistribusi normal Berdasarkan analisis tabel diatas diperoleh pre test dan post test frekuensi menyusui dan berat badan bayi dengan nilai p(Sig. 2-tailed) adalah p= 0,000 < α= 0,05 yang berarti bahwa H_1 diterima dan H_0ditolak sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara pre test dan post test yang artinya terdapat pengaruh massage bayi terhadap frekuensi menyusui dan berat badan bayi pada usia 1-6 bulan di Puskesmas Sudiang Raya.Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah Peningkatan frekuensi menyusui dan berat badan bayi usia 1-6 bulan sangat signifikan setelah diberikan massage.Kata Kunci: Massage bayi, Frekuensi Menyusui ASI, Berat Badan Bayi
COOKIES BEBAS GLUTEN DAN KASEIN BERBAHAN DASAR MOCAF DAN KACANG HIJAU (VIGNA RADIATA) DENGAN PENGAYAAN DAUN KELOR (MORINGAN OLEIFERA) UNTUK ANAK AUTISME
Authors: Zakaria Zakaria , Hendrayati Hendrayati , Chaerunnimah Chaerunnimah , Nursalim Nursalim , Awal Nuraqila 
Published: October 2023

Autisme merupakan kelompok gangguan perkembangan otak yang ditandai perilaku stereotip dan defisit dalam komunikasi serta interaksi sosial. Patofisiologi pada anak autisme adalah kelainan pada sistem pencernaan, kondisi metabolisme anak autisme yang tidak dapat memproduksi enzim dipeptidylpeptidase IV yang berperan dalam memecah protein gluten dan kasein. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui daya terima dan kadar protein cookies bebas gluten dan kasein dengan pengayaan tepung daun kelor untuk anak autisme. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian pra eksperimen yang dilaksanakan di laboratorium. Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan dengan perbandingan tepung mocaf dan tepung kacang hijau yaitu formula 1 (55:45), formula 2 (65:35), dan formula 3 (75:25). Hasil uji organoleptik menunjukkan bahwa cookies bebas gluten dan kasein dengan bahan dasar tepung mocaf dan tepung kacang hijau pada umumnya diterima (74-86%) adalah Formula 1 berdasarkan aspek warna, aroma, tekstur dan rasa. Namun Secara statistk tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna (p>0,05) di antara formula 1, 2 dan 3. Kadar protein cookies tertinggi pada formula 1 yaitu 0,589 g/keping (6,55 g/100 g).