bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of Messenger RNA Coding for 5‐HT Receptor, Alpha and Beta Adrenoreceptor (Subtypes) during Oestrus and Dioestrus in the Bovine Uterus
Authors: Ontsouka E. C. , Reist M. , Graber H. , Blum J. W. , Steiner A. , Hirsbrunner G. 
Published: December 2004

SummarySerotoninergic and adrenergic receptors (5‐HTR and AR) are involved in the regulation of uterine contractility. The objective of this study was to compare mRNA levels of 5‐HTR1A, 5‐HTR1B, 5‐HTR1D, 5‐HTR1F, 5‐HTR2A, 5‐HTR2B, 5‐HTR2C, 5‐HTR4 and α1A, α1B, α1D, α2AD, α2B, α2C, and β1, β2, β3‐AR in oestrus and dioestrus, and at three uterine locations (tip, middle and base) using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Uterine specimens consisting of endometrium and myometrium including vessels and serosa were collected from cows in oestrus (n = 10) and dioestrus (n = 15) respectively. Levels of 5‐HTR and AR mRNA were expressed relative to the geometric mean of ribosomal RNA (18S), ubiquitin and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase by the mean values of geNorm algorithm. 5‐HTR1A, 5‐HTR2C and β3‐AR mRNA could not be detected in uterine tissues. The mRNA levels of 5‐HTR1F and 5‐HTR2B were lower (P < 0.05), but of 5‐HTR4 were higher (P < 0.05) in oestrus than in dioestrus. The mRNA levels of α1A‐AR, α2AD‐AR, α2B‐AR were lower (P < 0.05), but of α2C‐AR and β2‐AR were higher (P < 0.05) in oestrus than dioestrus. The mRNA levels of 5‐HTR1B and 5‐HTR1D (oestrus) and of α2AD‐AR (dioestrus) differed among uterine locations (base > middle > tip; P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of 5‐HTR and AR (subtypes) in bovine uterus was associated with cycle activity and varied according to uterine location. Additional studies on protein level will be carried out in order to elucidate the role of these receptor families on uterine contractility, which may then help to clarify clinical relevance.
The Relaxant Effect of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide in the Isolated Canine Uterine Artery: The Role of Endothelium
Authors: Pešić S. , Grbović L. , Radenković M. , Stojić D. , Nikolić V. , Cvetković Z. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on the uterine artery obtained from non‐pregnant dogs. VIP (3 × 10−9–3 × 10−7 m) induced concentration‐dependent relaxation in canine uterine arteries with intact endothelium, pre‐contracted with l0−5 m phenylephrine (pEC50 = 7.52 ± 0.02, maximal response was 82.19 ± 2.15%, n = 36). The administration of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (l0−5 m) or 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP), a blocker of potassium channels (l0−5 m), did not modify the relaxation induced by VIP. Contrary to this, NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine (l‐NOARG) (10−5 m) inhibited relaxation is evoked by VIP. Indomethacin applied with l‐NOARG did not provoke further inhibition of VIP‐induced relaxation. In the presence of both l‐NOARG and l‐NOARG + indomethacin, 4‐AP led to the further inhibition of VIP‐induced relaxation of canine uterine artery. It is concluded that VIP induces endothelium‐dependent relaxation of uterine arteries of non‐pregnant dogs, which can be entirely explained by the production of nitric oxide (NO) from the endothelial cells. We proposed that when NO synthesis is inhibited, VIP induces further relaxation, independent of the edothelium‐derived relaxing factors, probably through activation of K+ channels.
Effects of Erythromycin on Myoelectric Activity of the Spiral Colon of Dairy Cows
Authors: Zanolari P. , Steiner A. , Meylan M. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe effects of erythromycin on myoelectric activity of the spiral colon of dairy cows were investigated in a prospective study. Four Simmental × Red‐Holstein crossbred cows of similar body weight and condition with seven pairs of bipolar electrodes implanted in the intestine (one each in the distal ileum, caecum and proximal colon, and four in the spiral colon) were included. Erythromycin lactobionate (1 mg kg−1) and 0.9% sodium chloride solution (NaCl) were administered to each cow in a random order. Erythromycin was diluted with NaCl and both treatments were administered slowly intravenously over a period of 5 min 1 h after onset of a phase III of the bovine colonic migrating myoelectric complex (bcMMC). A 3–6‐day washout period was scheduled between trials. Significant differences between the results of the treatments were observed for spike duration in phase I as well as for spike duration and duration of spiking activity during phase II of the second bcMMC, which were significantly higher after erythromycin treatment than after NaCl. These findings suggest an indirect effect of erythromycin on colonic motility in cattle.
Poor response to HBV vaccination and strategies to enhance immunogenicity
Authors: CHANG MEI‐HWEI 
Published: December 2004

Abstract  Hepatitis B vaccination has been proved to be effective in preventing acute and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, fulminant hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Approximately 5 to 15% of infants and at least 5 to 10% of most healthy adult population failed to produce protective levels of antibodies to HBV vaccination.The main causes of poor response to HBV vaccination includes intrauterine infection, vaccine escape mutants, genetic hypo‐or non‐responsiveness to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and immune compromised host.Strategies to enhance immunogenicity to HBV vaccination are as the following: (1) overcome intrauterine or perinatal transmission by antiviral therapy for high risk pregnant women during last trimester, or immediately after birth with HBV hyperimmune globulin for the neonates; (2) higher dosage or more doses of HBV vaccine; (3) better vaccines ; (4) enhance host immune status; (5) better compliance of the vaccines.In conclusion, current hepatitis B vaccination has been proved to be effective in controlling acute and chronic HBV infection and its complication. Yet further efforts to improve its efficacy generally and in high risk subjects and in immune compromised hosts are needed.
Management of Budd–Chiari syndrome: what is the best approach?
Authors: WANG ZHONG GAO , ZHANG FENG JI , LI XIAO QIANG , MENG QIAN YI 
Published: December 2004

AbstractObjective:  Exploring the proper management of a formerly rare and life‐threatening entity, hepatocaval syndrome or the Budd–Chiari syndrome (BCS).Methods:  From four hospitals, 2677 patients with BCS were collected since 1981, among them, 2546 cases underwent surgery or intervention including 170 membranotomies, 560 shunts, 232 radical resections, 1289 PTA or stents, and 295 miscellaneous procedures.Results:  Ninety‐five patients in this series were caused by lesions in the inferior vena cava (IVC). Patients treated in the first decade had an effective rate of 77.7%, patency for various approaches was approximately 60–90% at 7 years. In our early experience, 55.7% patients underwent shunts, 26.1% had membranotomy and only 0.8% the interventional modality. Recently this has shifted to 16.2%, 5.2%, and 55.6%, respectively (P < 0.01). In the early phase, 11.6% of patients were classified as stage I (less clinical severity), and 28.6% patients in stage IV (most severe). In contrast, recent patients, they were 56.1% and 4.8% (P < 0.01).Conclusion:  Therapy has evolved from the relatively simple to the more complex (such as variety of shunts and radical correction) procedures, and finally, the interventional approaches chronologically. Regarding the best approach however, it depends on various factors. For those with Type I lesion (localized disorder in the suprahepatic IVC), interventional method is the means of choice, radical corrective surgery follows. For those with type II (long segment stenosis or occlusion of the IVC), major procedures, such as the mesocavoatrial shunt, maintain an essential role. For those with type III (the hepatic venous lesions), porto‐systemetic shunt remains the procedure of choice. The increased use of interventional method is a reflection of greater awareness and more frequent detection of much earlier cases. In contrast, the number of advanced cases declines, signaling a remarkable breakthrough in the management of the BCS.
Developing a conceptual understanding of rural health practice
Authors: Bourke Lisa , Sheridan Collette , Russell Ursula , Jones Graeme , DeWitt Dawn , Liaw Siaw‐Teng 
Published: December 2004

AbstractObjective:  This study presents a set of concepts underpinning rural practice that could assist teaching health and medical students. Outcome:  Five concepts, important in distinguishing rural health practice, are presented and discussed. These are rural–urban health differentials, access, confidentiality, cultural safety and team practice. Together these concepts impact the ways in which rural health professionals provide care, due to fewer services, greater distances, smaller populations, less choice of services and smaller workforce. Conclusion:  These concepts introduce students to some of the positive and negative aspects of rural practice, as well as opportunities for rural practitioners to have a diverse practice, to become involved in all aspects of health and to initiate change. They provide an understanding of rurality from which health students can learn from their practical experiences during rural placements. What this paper adds?:  The present study contributes to understanding rurality and its impact on rural health by the application of sociological concepts to rural health in Australia. The present study identifies five concepts important in understanding rural practice. 1. Health Differentials: The rural population is in some ways different and their health conditions can vary from the urban population. 2. Access: Rural residents have less access to services due to distance, cost, fewer services and smaller workforce. 3. Confidentiality: Confidentiality impacts on health consumers and practitioners because there is less anonymity and sometimes a faster flow of information in rural communities. 4. Cultural safety: Respecting the identity/ies and needs of everyone is important in rural health services because specialist services are fewer. 5. Team practice: Teamwork is vital in rural practice and can improve the management of health care. Teaching these concepts should improve students’ understanding of rural health and expose them to some of the diversity, opportunities and challenges of rural practice.
Evaluation of hospitalisation for Indigenous children with malnutrition living in Central Australia
Authors: Russell Beth J. , White Andrew V. , Newbury Jonathan , Hattch Carmel , Thurley Jennie , Chang Anne B. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractObjective:  To evaluate the effectiveness of hospital admissions for indigenous children with malnutrition in a rural/remote Australian centre. Design:  Retrospective review of the medical records. Setting:  Rural secondary hospital. Subjects:  Remote and rural indigenous children aged less than four years managed for malnutrition in Alice Springs Hospital (ASH). Main outcome measure:  The primary outcome measure was weight gain during hospitalisation and posthospitalisation. Secondary outcome measures were yield of investigations, diagnoses made, treatments given, social interventions, readmission rate and nosocomial infection. Results:  Median age of the 55 children was 15.1 months. Median weight change was 1.5 g day

−1

prior to hospitalisation, 36.7 g day

−1

during and 9 g day

−1

two months following hospitalisation (P < 0.05). Investigations performed had high yields (80% of children had a treatable organic contributor to malnutrition). Nosocomial infection occurred in 21 (38%) children. Readmission occurred at an average of 1.9 times per child (range 0–5), 34 (37%) occurred within three months and 48 (52%) within six months.Conclusion:  In rural Indigenous children with malnutrition, hospitalisation was effective in re‐establishing growth and defining organic contributors to malnutrition. However, the high readmission rate and nosocomial infection mandates that alternative models to nutritional rehabilitation, in addition to a broad psychosocial and public health approach to prevention and management of malnutrition, is required. What this paper adds:  Malnutrition is very common among Indigenous children living in rural and remote communities. Hospitalisation in rural hospitals is often used to break the cycle of malnutrition and infection, but this intervention has never been evaluated. Hospitalisation was effective in re‐establishing growth and defining organic contributors to malnutrition. This, however, occurred at the expense of the high readmission rate and nosocomial infection. The present study suggests that alternative models to nutritional rehabilitation in addition to a broad psychosocial and public health approach to prevention and management of malnutrition is required.
Developing support for remote nursing education through workplace culture that values learning
Authors: Gibb Heather , Anderson Judith , Forsyth Katreena 
Published: December 2004

AbstractObjective:  The present study presents the cultural challenges of introducing workplace learning associated with a nursing educational pathway into small rural hospitals. Design and Intervention:  Focus groups were conducted before and after an action research intervention to determine whether changes in understanding and values on learning had occurred. Setting:  Eight multipurpose services or small rural hospitals across rural New South Wales were involved in the intervention. Subject:  Nursing staff from eight rural health facilities participated voluntarily in the present study. Outcomes:  Two outcomes were achieved: • The development of mentoring, locally tailored to the needs and expectations of nursing participants;• Values and understanding of learning were enhanced, with advanced levels of learning being identified and demonstrated by staff in the practice setting.Conclusion:  Small rural hospitals can provide opportunities for advanced clinical learning. Forms of major mentoring are, however, critical to this process. What is already known:  With nursing educational bases shifting to TAFE (technical and further education) and university campuses in regional and metropolitan cities, the culture of learning has been largely lost or replaced with that of service delivery in small rural hospitals. Students studying in isolation often receive little support in clinical learning from their workplace. Action research intervention aimed to change the culture to one that values and supports workplace learning. What does this study add:  The present study demonstrated how small hospitals can develop values around their workplace being a site of advanced learning beyond skill acquisition. This suggests the critical importance of establishing particular forms of mentoring for all staff, to establish advanced learning as a core business of small rural hospitals.
Defining remote health
Authors: Wakerman John 
Published: December 2004

AbstractObjective:  To develop a definition of the discipline of Remote Health. Design:  A broad literature search using key words and an Internet search of industry‐recognised web sites were carried out. Results:  Fifty‐five relevant citations and nine web sites were reviewed, covering Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and United States. The papers offered a variety of definitions of geographical and practice‐based approaches to ‘remoteness’, and definitions of ‘remote and rural health’. Conclusions:  None of the single current definitions in the literature adequately reflect all of the characteristics of Remote Health in Australia. A definition is offered: Remote Health is an emerging discipline with distinct sociological, historical and practice characteristics. Its practice in Australia is characterised by geographical, professional and, often, social isolation of practitioners; a strong multidisciplinary approach; overlapping and changing roles of team members; a relatively high degree of GP substitution; and practitioners requiring public health, emergency and extended clinical skills. These skills and remote health systems, need to be suited to working in a cross‐cultural context; serving small, dispersed and often highly mobile populations; serving populations with relatively high health needs; and a physical environment of climatic extremes. What this paper adds?:  In Australia and internationally there are a variety of measures of rurality and remoteness, which have focused on geographical or medical practice‐based sociodemographic factors, often related to remuneration scales. With an increasing recognition of and interest in the distinction between ‘Rural Health’ and ‘Remote Health’, there needs to be a better understanding of the characteristics of the emerging discipline of Remote Health which distinguish it from Rural Health practice. This paper searched the international literature for a meaningful definition of Remote Health in the Australian context. There was not one single, appropriate definition, but the information uncovered has contributed to the development of a definition that can inform the work of educators, researchers and policy‐makers, and give appropriate recognition to Remote Health practitioners.
The human transcript induced in spermatogenesis 50
Authors: SASAKI YOSHIHITO , MIYAMOTO TOSHINOBU , SENGOKU KAZUO , HAYASHI HIROAKI , TAKUMA NAOYUKI , ISHIKAWA MUTSUO 
Published: December 2004

Background and Aims: Recently, a number of genes that are expressed specifically in the testis have been identified in rat and mouse. In 2002, 80 transcript induced in spermatogenesis (Tisp) genes with this specific expression were isolated in mice. In the human, however, the number of such genes isolated is much lower. The aim of this study therefore was the isolation of human genes specifically expressed in testis.Methods: We searched for human genome region with homology to the mouse Tisp gene family at the amino acid level using GenBank. The primers were made in human homologous regions, and polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed with templates using cDNA libraries of a range of human tissues. The cDNA specifically expressed in testis were isolated and detailed expression analysis was performed.Results: The 28 human TISP related genes were analyzed. Five of these genes were not expressed in testis and only three, TISP50, TISP15 and TISP43 related gene, were expressed specifically in testis. The cDNA of these three genes were isolated.Conclusion: Expression analysis demonstrated that there is some discrepancy between human and mouse for the TISP gene family. From expression patterns and amino acid sequences, it is suggested that the human TISP50, TISP15 and TISP43 related genes play some critical roles in spermatogenesis. (Reprod Med Biol 2004; 3: 237 – 243)
Botulinum toxin for periocular lines: the single‐injection technique
Authors: Salti Giovanni 
Published: December 2004

SummaryBackground  Botulinum is a well established treatment for facial wrinkles and hyperfunctional lines, including those at the periocular area.Objective  To illustrate a simple periocular injection technique. It differs from the usual one since it is a single injection, instead of several.Methods  Thirty consecutive patients were treated with this technique on one side, and the standard multipuncture technique on the contralateral side. Each patient, being their own control, received 10–12 Botox units to each side. The orbicularis oculi muscle was injected using two different types of needles: a standard 30 g 13 mm needle for the multipunctured side and a 30 g 25 mm needle for the single puncture side. Follow up assessments were made on days 7, 15 and 120.Results  Good results were achieved in all patients. No relevant cosmetic difference was noticeable between the two sides. The pharmacological effect lasted about 5 months, with no difference between the two techniques. Both techniques were safe and caused the same amount of bruising. The single injection was preferred by patients. The single‐injection technique, on the other hand, requires more skill and experience by the operator.Conclusions  The single‐injection technique for periocular lines is a useful alternative to the standard multipuncture technique. It reduces patients’ discomfort.
Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of skin and subcutis
Authors: Querleux Bernard 
Published: December 2004

SummaryAmongst in vivo skin imaging methods, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and spectroscopy is of high interest not only for its ability to distinguish structures at a submillimetre scale but also for its ability to describe the physiology of the different skin layers through the measurement of their intrinsic MR parameters.High spatial resolution MR imaging allows the differentiation of epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. Cutaneous appendages such as hair follicles are also clearly visible. By measuring proton relaxation times and proton density, it is possible to go a step further in the description of skin physiology in vivo through the analysis of water‐macromolecular interactions within the dermis as an example. Finally, quantification of water and lipid components in healthy and diseased adipose tissue by localized spectroscopy is also described.Even if MR imaging is of little interest for dermatological diagnosis, some preliminary studies have shown interesting results for preoperative staging, postoperative follow‐up, and assessment of the efficacy of new dermatological products. In healthy skin, MR imaging and spectroscopy is a very promising method for the study of chronological and photoageing effects.
Benign summer light eruption and polymorphic light eruption: genetic and functional studies suggest that a revised nomenclature is required
Authors: Hawk John 
Published: December 2004

SummaryNew research indicates that polymorphic light eruption (PLE) is an autoimmune disease against an ultraviolet radiation‐induced cutaneous antigen. PLE may even confer some protection against skin cancer later in life. This new information demands a reassessment of the precise nature and nomenclature of PLE. Benign summer light eruption (BSLE) (lucite estivale bénigne) is the name used in continental Europe, and particularly France, to describe a clinically short‐lived, itchy, papular eruption particularly affecting young women after several hours of sunbathing at the beginning of summer or on sunny vacations. Clinically more prolonged forms of solar eruption, starting early in spring and persisting for long periods, have been known in France as polymorphic light eruption (PLE) (lucite polymorphe) (‘European PLE’). Investigative studies, however, now suggest that BSLE and some cases of ‘European PLE’ are part of the same spectrum. In the Anglo‐Saxon literature, they are lumped together as PLE (‘Anglo‐Saxon PLE’). The other cases of ‘European PLE’, which do not fall within the compass of ‘Anglo‐Saxon PLE’, are, in the Anglo‐Saxon literature, classified as either actinic prurigo (AP) (a genetically determined, prolonged, excoriated form of Anglo‐Saxon PLE), or chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) (a sunlight‐induced eczema precisely resembling allergic contact dermatitis, apparently to an ultraviolet radiation‐induced antigen). It is therefore proposed that:

the European term BSLE be dropped and that these patients be reclassified within the spectrum of (Anglo‐Saxon) PLE,
the European use of the term PLE (‘European PLE’) be discontinued,
those previously diagnosed as having ‘European PLE’ be reclassified as (Anglo‐Saxon) PLE, AP or CAD, as appropriate.

The benefits of such a change in nomenclature would be twofold, firstly a uniformity of terminology and secondly, and more importantly, terminology would then correlate better with our recently improved understanding of the pathogenesis of these disorders.