bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social deprivation and diabetic kidney disease: A European view
Authors: Casey Caoimhe , Buckley Claire M , Kearney Patricia M , Griffin Matthew D , Dinneen Sean F , Griffin Tomás P 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThere is a large body of literature demonstrating a social gradient in health and increasing evidence of an association between social deprivation and diabetes complications. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) increases mortality in people with diabetes. Socioeconomic deprivation is increasingly recognized as a modifier of risk factors for kidney disease but also an independent risk factor itself for kidney disease. This may not be truly appreciated by clinicians and warrants further attention and exploration. In this review we explore the literature to date from Europe on the relationship between social deprivation and DKD. The majority of the studies showed at least an association with microalbuminuria, an early marker of DKD, while many showed an association with overt nephropathy. This was seen across many countries in Europe using a variety of different measures of deprivation. We reviewed and considered the mechanisms by which deprivation may lead to DKD. Health related behaviors such as smoking and suboptimal control of risk factors such as hypertension, hyperglycemia and elevated body mass index (BMI) accounts for some but not all of the association. Poorer access to healthcare, health literacy, and stress are also discussed as potential mediators of the association. Addressing deprivation is difficult but starting points include targeted interventions for people living in deprived circumstances, equitable roll out of diabetes technology, and flexible outpatient clinic arrangements including virtual and community‐based care.
Comparative efficacy of oral Janus kinase inhibitors and biologics in adult alopecia areata: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta‐analysis
Authors: Husein‐ElAhmed Husein , Husein‐ElAhmed Sara 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the hair follicles, resulting in patchy recurrent hair loss. A large body of evidence has demonstrated the favourable clinical response of the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors and biologics, but a lack of comprehensive comparison among these therapies exists in the current literature. This study aimed to compare their efficacy. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed including randomized trials that report the outcomes of the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT)50 and/or the mean change in SALT. These articles were pooled and a network meta‐analysis (NAM) was conducted. Based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve estimates obtained for the mean change in SALT score, baricitinib_4 mg (0.7949656) had the best probability of being the most effective therapy, followed by ritlecitinib_200_50 mg (0.7391906) and ivarmacitinib_4 mg (0.7292594). In contrast, dupilumab, secukinumab, tralokinumab and apremilast were less likely to be effective. Targeting the JAK signalling pathway holds great potential for restoring hair regrowth, albeit the contribution of JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and TYK2 inhibition to the therapeutic effect on AA is apparently different. Baricitinib_4 mg and ritlecitinib 200_50 mg demonstrated notable efficacy, and both molecules displayed a dose‐dependent effect, which is not observed with ivarmacitinib. Further investigations into the specific mechanisms of action of these JAK inhibitors are warranted to elucidate the reasons behind these differences.
Clinicopathological definition, management and prognostic value of mogamulizumab‐associated rash and other cutaneous events: A systematic review
Authors: Avallone G. , Roccuzzo G. , Pileri A. , Agostinelli C. , Maronese C. A. , Aquino C. , Tavoletti G. , Onida F. , Fava P. , Ribero S. , Marzano A. V. , Berti E. , Quaglino P. , Alberti‐Violetti S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMogamulizumab is a first‐in‐class IgG1k monoclonal antibody that selectively targets the chemokine receptor type 4. The drug has received Food and Drug administration authorisation for mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome following failure of at least one previous course of systemic therapy and now is available in Europe. One of the most common treatment‐related side effects observed has been the mogamulizumab‐associated rash (MAR), which affects up to a quarter of patients and is the most frequent adverse event leading to drug discontinuation. The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review of the literature on patients diagnosed with MAR and other mogamulizumab‐related cutaneous events to describe the clinical and histological characteristics, the management in clinical practice and to assess whether these events have prognostic implications. In total, 2073 records were initially identified through a literature search, 843 of which were duplicates. After screening for eligibility and inclusion criteria, 49 articles reporting mogamulizumab‐associated cutaneous events were included. Totally, 1516 patients were retrieved, with a slight male prevalence as for the available data (639 males and 570 females, i.e. 52.9% vs. 47.1%). Regarding the reported clinicopathological findings of the cutaneous reactions, the five most common patterns were spongiotic/psoriasiform dermatitis (22%), eruptions characterized by the presence of papules and/or plaques (16.1%), cutaneous granulomatosis (11.4%), morbilliform or erythrodermic dermatitis (9.4%) and photodermatitis (7.1%). Our results highlight how the majority of the reported cutaneous adverse events on mogamulizumab are of mild‐to‐moderate entity and generally manageable in clinical practice, though prompt recognition is essential and case‐by‐case assessment should be recommended. Future research will need to focus on the MAR prognostic implications and to identify genomic and molecular markers for a more rapid and accurate diagnosis.
Characteristics and management of generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP): Experience from the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) GPP Expert Network
Authors: Wolf P. , Ceovic R. , Conrad C. , Falkensteiner K. , Graier T. , Kołt‐Kamińska M. , Marovt M. , Mateeva V. , Maul J.‐T. , Navarini A. A. , Nicolescu A. C. , Ratzinger G. , Pavlovsky L. , Sanzharovskaya M. , Szegedi A. , Reich A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundGeneralized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, inflammatory skin disease characterized by widespread eruption of sterile pustules with or without systemic symptoms.ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe the demographics of patients with GPP in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), present the clinical characteristics of individual GPP flares and explore the current treatment landscape.MethodsPatient demographics were collected at the times of last observation and previous treatment. Characteristics of a patient's last (most recent) and most severe (from all documented episodes) flare were provided at clinician's discretion.ResultsFifty‐eight patients were recruited from 12 centres in nine CEE countries; median (range) age was 61 (16–92) years and 60.3% (35 out of 58) were female. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (43.1% [25 out of 58]) and hyperlipidaemia (32.8% [19 out of 58]). Thirty‐four patients (58.6%) presented with concomitant plaque psoriasis before or during the course of GPP. Data from two separate flares were recorded in 26 individuals; in 32 patients, the most recent flare was reported as the most severe. Over 90% of patients with a flare episode classified as most severe by clinicians were hospitalized, with >75% of these individuals having a Generalized Pustular Psoriasis Physician Global Assessment (GPPGA) total score of 3 or 4. Systemic symptoms were more common in patients with a GPPGA score of 3 or 4 but were also manifest in individuals with a GPPGA score ≤2. A significant correlation was observed between a combined systemic disease score of clinical and laboratory features and both GPPGA total score (r = 0.385, p < 0.001) and GPPGA pustulation subscore (r = 0.305, p < 0.05).ConclusionsConsiderable heterogeneity in the presentation of GPP flares was observed, both between patients and within‐patient. All GPP flares were associated with a significant clinical burden, highlighting the unmet need for accurate and early diagnosis.
Deroofing: A safe, effective and well‐tolerated procedure in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Krajewski P. K. , Sanz‐Motilva V. , Flores Martinez S. , Solera M. , Ochando G. , Jfri A. , Martorell A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a recurrent, debilitating, chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous unit. Although advances in HS treatment have been made, more than 45% of patients remain dissatisfied with systemic treatment, and more than one‐third are dissatisfied with surgical procedures.ObjectivesA prospective, observational study on the deroofing procedures in HS with special attention paid to patient satisfaction and complications.MethodsHS lesions were assessed clinically and by the use of ultrasound. Patients reported outcomes, including pain, itch and satisfaction, were measured at 24 h post‐surgery by a numeric rating scale (NRS) ranging from 0 to 10. Additionally, the timeline of objective wound closure reported by patients in (weeks), in addition to the need for any analgesics use, were both evaluated.ResultsThe mean closure time of the post‐deroofing wound was assessed as 4.4 ± 1.9 weeks. A statistically longer time was necessary for complete closure in males than in females (4.9 ± 2.2 weeks and 3.9 ± 1.6 weeks, respectively; p = 0.046). The closure time correlated positively yet weakly with the HS tunnel's width (r = 0.27, p = 0.016) and length (r = 0.228, p = 0.044). Patients assessed mean pain at 24 h post‐op as mild with 0.7 ± 1.2 points according to NRS, with no differences between sexes. Similarly, itch in the first 24 h was assessed as mild with 1.8 ± 1.1 points, without differences between sexes. No pain, itch or adverse events were reported after 1 week following deroofing. Moreover, no cases of wound infection were reported. An overall patient satisfaction was assessed as 9.9 ± 0.4 points (range 9–10 points).ConclusionDeroofing is an easy, effective and safe dermatosurgical procedure that does not require surgical experience or operating theatre. It is associated with no complications and very low post‐op pain and should be part of holistic HS management.
“It shouldn't be like this”: Family caregivers navigating insurance for family members with dementia
Authors: Gordon Wexler Mikayla , Watman Deborah , Perez Sasha , Ankuda Claire , Reckrey Jennifer M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlmost 11.3 million family caregivers of people with dementia must navigate the health insurance landscape to meet the complex medical and long‐term care needs of their family members. This study explores factors that influence family caregivers' decisions about insurance and how these choices affect the care and support people with dementia receive.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted from June 2022 to January 2023 with 15 family caregivers of people with dementia dual eligible for Medicaid and Medicare and enrolled in home‐based primary care in New York City. A set of open‐ended questions were asked exploring caregivers' perspectives on navigating insurance plans. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis with both deductive and inductive coding.ResultsAnalysis revealed three major themes: (1) challenges of Medicaid enrollment, (2) making do with existing insurance, and (3) mistrust of the insurance system. Initial enrollment in Medicaid compounded the stress of adjusting to caregiving. The enrollment process was impacted by clinical factors, financial factors, and input from providers and social workers; however, caregivers could not identify a centralized system for obtaining insurance information and support. Once Medicaid was in place, participants described advocating on behalf of their family member within the constraints of their current insurance plans (Medicare and Medicaid) and ensuring they had the necessary knowledge to understand their family member's coverage. Participants voiced a need for ongoing vigilance to ensure their family members received needed care and support.ConclusionThe challenges family caregivers experience when navigating insurance for their family members with dementia contribute to caregiver burden. Robust and centralized professional support for family members both immediately after a family member's dementia diagnosis and as the disease progresses could increase caregivers' capacity to make insurance decisions that best support their family members with dementia.
Role of transcription factors, noncoding RNAs, epitranscriptomics, and epigenetics in post‐ischemic neuroinflammation
Authors: Mehta Suresh L. , Arruri Vijay , Vemuganti Raghu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPost‐stroke neuroinflammation is pivotal in brain repair, yet persistent inflammation can aggravate ischemic brain damage and hamper recovery. Following stroke, specific molecules released from brain cells attract and activate central and peripheral immune cells. These immune cells subsequently release diverse inflammatory molecules within the ischemic brain, initiating a sequence of events, including activation of transcription factors in different brain cell types that modulate gene expression and influence outcomes; the interactive action of various noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) to regulate multiple biological processes including inflammation, epitranscriptomic RNA modification that controls RNA processing, stability, and translation; and epigenetic changes including DNA methylation, hydroxymethylation, and histone modifications crucial in managing the genic response to stroke. Interactions among these events further affect post‐stroke inflammation and shape the depth of ischemic brain damage and functional outcomes. We highlighted these aspects of neuroinflammation in this review and postulate that deciphering these mechanisms is pivotal for identifying therapeutic targets to alleviate post‐stroke dysfunction and enhance recovery.
The temporal and spatial pattern of leptin receptor‐expressing cells in the developing mouse hypothalamus
Authors: Higgins Matt B. A. , Glendining Kelly A. , Jasoni Christine L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe arcuate nucleus is a crucial hypothalamic brain region involved in regulating body weight homeostasis. Neurons within the arcuate nucleus respond to peripheral metabolic signals, such as leptin, and relay these signals via neuronal projections to brain regions both within and outside the hypothalamus, ultimately causing changes in an animal's behaviour and physiology. There is a substantial amount of evidence to indicate that leptin is intimately involved with the postnatal development of arcuate nucleus melanocortin circuitry. Further, it is clear that leptin signalling directly in the arcuate nucleus is required for circuitry development. However, as leptin receptor long isoform (Leprb) mRNA is expressed in multiple nuclei within the developing hypothalamus, including the postsynaptic target regions of arcuate melanocortin projections, this raises the possibility that leptin also signals in these nuclei to promote circuitry development. Here, we used RT‐qPCR and RNAscope® to reveal the spatio‐temporal pattern of Leprb mRNA in the early postnatal mouse hypothalamus. We found that Leprb mRNA expression increased significantly in the arcuate nucleus, ventromedial nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus from P8, in concert with the leptin surge. In the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, increases in Leprb mRNA were slightly later, increasing significantly from P12. Using duplex RNAscope®, we found Leprb co‐expressed with Sim1, Pou3f2, Mc4r and Bdnf in the paraventricular nucleus at P8. Together, these data suggest that leptin may signal in a subset of neurons postsynaptic to arcuate melanocortin neurons, as well as within the arcuate nucleus itself, to promote the formation of arcuate melanocortin circuitry during the early postnatal period.
Induction of fat apoptosis by a combination of synchronized radiofrequency and HIFEM technology: Human histology study
Authors: Goldberg David J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeWith the growing demand for more effective fat reduction techniques, a combination of synchronized radiofrequency (RF) and HIFEM has been introduced. Preceding studies evidenced the ability of RF+HIFEM to maintain the fat tissue temperature at the levels necessary for adipocyte apoptosis while documenting the induced changes to the fat tissue during the several weeks after the treatment. This study aims to demonstrate the induction of apoptosis by RF+HIFEM technology in the early stages through the assessment of caspase‐3 protein, one of the apoptosis‐executing proteases.DesignIn this two‐arm, single‐center, randomized trial, nine human subjects were enrolled and assigned into two groups, either the active group (N = 6) treated with both RF+HIFEM set at the highest tolerated levels or the sham group (N = 3) treated with 5% of the maximum RF+HIFEM power, serving as a control. All patients were scheduled to undergo one treatment visit of the abdominal area, two follow‐up visits at 8 and 24 h, and one safety visit 7 days after the treatment. A punch biopsy (5 mm in diameter, approximately 10 mm in depth) was obtained from the abdominal area at the baseline and consecutive follow‐up visits. Samples were fixed, and cut into 5 μm thick slices, and immunohistochemical staining was used to visualize the Caspase‐3, revealing the adipocyte nuclei where apoptosis processes are in progress.FindingsDocumented findings suggest that the temperature threshold of 43–45°C is required to initiate fat apoptosis and consequent reduction in adipocyte number was achieved during the combined treatment with RF+HIFEM. The active group showed an elevated ratio of positively stained nuclei versus all adipocyte nuclei found on the evaluated slices—referred to as the apoptotic index (AI). The AI significantly (p < 0.001) increased at both 8 h (47.01 ± 10.56%) and 24 h (43.58 ± 6.35%) posttreatment. The Sham group showed no significant change in the AI (p > 0.05). No adverse events or side effects related to the treatments were observed.SummaryThis study supports previously published evidence on fat reduction after RF+HIFEM treatment, documenting the safe initiation of adipocyte programmed cell death posttreatment.
Does occlusal morphology of artificial teeth improve chewing of removable dentures wearers? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Silva Nêila Clarisse de Souza , Oliveira Pedro Henrique Bastos de , Gama Lorena Tavares , Magno Marcela Baraúna , Marañón‐Vásquez Guido Artemio , Maia Lucianne Cople , Rodrigues Garcia Renata Cunha Matheus 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeThis systematic review aimed to verify whether anatomic, semi‐anatomic, or nonanatomic occlusal morphology of artificial teeth improves the masticatory function of complete or removable partial denture wearers.Materials and MethodsAccording to the PICO strategy, six databases and the grey literature were searched to identify randomized (RCT) and non‐randomized clinical trials (N‐RCT) comparing masticatory function, in terms of masticatory performance and efficiency, and muscle activity as primary outcomes; and patient‐reported results (O) in individuals using removable dentures (P) with different occlusal morphologies of artificial teeth (I/C). Masticatory ability, satisfaction with the prosthetic treatment, and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) were evaluated as secondary outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0) for RCT and Risk of Bias for non‐randomized studies with intervention (ROBINS‐I) for N‐RCT studies. Meta‐analyses were performed to compare primary outcomes and masticatory ability between the occlusal morphologies of artificial teeth of complete or removable partial dentures (α = 0.05). Certainty of the evidence was verified using the GRADE approach.ResultsEleven studies (seven RCTs and four N‐RCTs) were included. The risk of bias was considered low for two studies, some concerns for five, and high for the last four studies. Meta‐analyses showed that removable partial dentures with anatomic artificial teeth improved masticatory efficiency for carrot chewing (MD 6.31; 95% CI [3.39, 9.22], I2 = 0%). However, masseter and temporal muscle activities increased when removable partial dentures with nonanatomic teeth were used (MD –756.97; 95% CI [–892.25, –621.68], I2 = 100%). Masticatory ability was not influenced by occlusal morphology during chewing of all foods in complete denture users: Carrot (MD –0.88, 95% CI [–8.98, 7.23], I2 = 57%); sausage (MD –8.86, 95% CI [–23.05, 5.33], I2 = 71%); apple (MD –5.78, 95% CI [–28.82, 17.26], I2 = 87%); and cheese (MD –4.16, 95% CI [–15.14, 6.82], I2 = 62%). The certainty of evidence for all evaluated outcomes was very low, mainly due to very serious problems found in the parameters of inconsistency, indirectness, and imprecision.ConclusionsDespite the very low certainty of evidence, the occlusal morphology of artificial teeth influences masticatory function. Anatomic teeth improved the masticatory efficiency and muscle activity of removable partial denture wearers. Nonanatomic teeth increased temporal and masseter muscle activity, which negatively affected chewing in removable partial denture users. However, patients using complete dentures with anatomic and semi‐anatomic teeth presented similar masticatory ability.
Technique for cementing screwmentable implant crowns to prevent misalignment
Authors: Ryser Andrew S. , Kim Ken , Sabol Jennifer V. , Handel Steven 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to describe a technique to accurately cement implant crowns on an abutment extraorally and prevent misalignment that might change the desired position of the crown on the abutment when delivered. An implant‐retained crown was tried‐in and occlusal and interproximal contacts were adjusted for delivery. The cementation verification aid was fabricated using a polyvinylsiloxane bite registration material (Blu Mousse) to cement the crown onto the abutment extraorally to ensure proper alignment of the crown on the abutment. Cementation of the prosthesis occurred with no adjustments required to the interproximal or occlusal contacts during final delivery. This article provides a technique that aims to increase accuracy in the placement of the crown on the abutment when cementing screwmentable crowns.