bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using epigenetic clocks to investigate changes in the age structure of critically endangered Māui dolphins
Authors: Hernandez Keith M. , O'Neill Kaimyn B. , Bors Eleanor K. , Steel Debbie , Zoller Joseph A. , Constantine Rochelle , Horvath Steve , Baker C. Scott 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe age of an individual is an essential demographic parameter but is difficult to estimate without long‐term monitoring or invasive sampling. Epigenetic approaches are increasingly used to age organisms, including nonmodel organisms such as cetaceans. Māui dolphins (Cephalorhynchus hectori maui) are a critically endangered subspecies endemic to Aotearoa New Zealand, and the age structure of this population is important for informing conservation. Here we present an epigenetic clock for aging Māui and Hector's dolphins (C. h. hectori) developed from methylation data using DNA from tooth aged individuals (n = 48). Based on this training data set, the optimal model required only eight methylation sites, provided an age correlation of .95, and had a median absolute age error of 1.54 years. A leave‐one‐out cross‐validation analysis with the same parameters resulted in an age correlation of .87 and median absolute age error of 2.09 years. To improve age estimation, we included previously published beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) data to develop a joint beluga/dolphin clock, resulting in a clock with comparable performance and improved estimation of older individuals. Application of the models to DNA from skin biopsy samples of living Māui dolphins revealed a shift from a median age of 8–9 years to a younger population aged 7–8 years 10 years later. These models could be applied to other dolphin species and demonstrate the ability to construct a clock even when the number of known age samples is limited, removing this impediment to estimating demographic parameters vital to the conservation of critically endangered species.
Predicting construction accidents on sites: An improved atomic search optimization algorithm approach
Authors: Liu Chaoqiong , Li Li , Qiang Yue , Zhang Shixin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractConstruction accidents in the construction industry cause a large amount of property damage and human casualties. Therefore, avoiding construction accidents as much as possible is a problem that engineers have been working on for a long time. Currently, few construction managers use artificial intelligence methods for construction safety management. The purpose of this article is to propose a new artificial neural network (ANN) prediction model to provide early warning for future construction and to provide reference for construction organization decision‐makers. In the proposed method, atomic search optimization algorithm is used to optimize the weights and thresholds of back propagation neural network, and the Tent chaotic mapping is used to initialize the population to increase the diversity of the population. The statistical data of production safety accidents of housing and municipal engineering in China from 2015 to 2019 are used as an example, and the prediction results of the proposed model are compared with back‐propagation neural network (BPNN) and wavelet neural network (WNN). The mean absolute error (MAE) of predicting construction accidents is 0.2225, with small fluctuations in the predicted results. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the predictions is 0.6048%. The research results indicate that IASO‐BPNN has higher prediction accuracy than standard BPNN and WNN, providing judgment methods for ensuring construction progress and decision support for construction organization decision‐makers.
Hydrodynamic pressures on rigid walls subjected to cyclic and seismic ground motions
Authors: AlKhatib Karim , Hashash Youssef M. A. , Ziotopoulou Katerina , Morales Brian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSeismic design of water retaining structures relies heavily on the response of the retained water to shaking. The water dynamic response has been evaluated by means of analytical, numerical, and experimental approaches. In practice, it is common to use simplified code‐based methods to evaluate the added demands imposed by water sloshing. Yet, such methods were developed with an inherent set of assumptions that might limit their application. Alternatively, numerical modeling methods offer a more accurate way of quantifying the water response and have been commonly validated using 1 g shake table experiments. In this study, a unique series of five centrifuge tests was conducted with the goal of investigating the hydrodynamic behavior of water by varying its height and length. Moreover, sine wave and earthquake motions were applied to examine the water response at different types and levels of excitation. Arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian finite element models were then developed to reproduce 1 g shake table experiments available in the literature in addition to the centrifuge tests conducted in this study. The results of the numerical simulations as well as the simplified and analytical methods were compared to the experimental measurements, in terms of free surface elevation and hydrodynamic pressures, to evaluate their applicability and limitations. The comparison showed that the numerical models were able to reasonably capture the water response of all configurations both under earthquake and sine wave motions. The analytical solutions performed well except for cases with resonance under harmonic motions. As for the simplified methods, they provided acceptable results for the peak responses under earthquake motions. However, under sine wave motions, where convective sloshing is significant, they underpredict the response. Also, beyond peak ground accelerations of 0.5 g., a mild nonlinear increase in peak dynamic pressures was measured which deviates from assumed linear response in the simplified methods. The study confirmed the reliability of numerical models in capturing water dynamic responses, demonstrating their broad applicability for use in complex problems of fluid‐structure‐soil interaction.
Coupled adsorption and photocatalysis: A green synthesized g‐C3N4@Mn–FeOOH@molecularly imprinted photocatalysis system for targeted removal of various heterocyclic amines
Authors: Li Chun‐Yang , Yang Lu , Lu Yingshuang , Wang Man‐Man , Liu Jing‐Min , Wang Shuo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPhotocatalysis‐based advanced oxidation technologies have been developed as an attractive strategy for degrading pollutants. However, the question of how to increase removal specificity without sacrificing the degradation effect remains a difficult one. In this work, a photocatalytic system for the simultaneous targeted elimination of nine heterocyclic amines (HCAs) is established using a green‐prepared photocatalyst (CN@Mn–FeOOH@MIP) that activates sodium persulfate (PS) under visible light. Mn–FeOOH clusters are in situ covered on laminar g‐C3N4 (CN) carrier to form a heterojunction, along with a molecularly imprinted layer self‐polymerized from dopamine, which is grown on the outer layer, resulting in both the desired photochemical activity and specific sites for recognition. The conditions of composite and photocatalysis are explored and optimized for efficient and selective degradation. Notably, CN@Mn–FeOOH@MIP is synthesized free of any organic reagents, and the biosafety is confirmed by cellular and in vivo toxicity evaluation. The developed CN@Mn–FeOOH@MIP/PS system with visible‐light‐driven is applied to the removal of HCAs in coffee samples with the recoveries over 70% and the reuse rates greater than 85%. It coupled the advantages of specific enrichment and rapid degradation, which furnishes a novel approach for the control of trace thermal processing pollutants.
The unity and diversity of verbal and visuospatial creativity: Dynamic changes in hemispheric lateralisation
Authors: Gao Yixin , Wu Xinran , Yan Yuchi , Li Min , Qin Facai , Ma Mujie , Yuan Xiaoning , Yang Wenjing , Qiu Jiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe investigation of similarities and differences in the mechanisms of verbal and visuospatial creative thinking has long been a controversial topic. Prior studies found that visuospatial creativity was primarily supported by the right hemisphere, whereas verbal creativity relied on the interaction between both hemispheres. However, creative thinking also involves abundant dynamic features that may have been ignored in the previous static view. Recently, a new method has been developed that measures hemispheric laterality from a dynamic perspective, providing new insight into the exploration of creative thinking. In the present study, dynamic lateralisation index was calculated with resting‐state fMRI data. We combined the dynamic lateralisation index with sparse canonical correlation analysis to examine similarities and differences in the mechanisms of verbal and visuospatial creativity. Our results showed that the laterality reversal of the default mode network, fronto‐parietal network, cingulo‐opercular network and visual network contributed significantly to both verbal and visuospatial creativity and consequently could be considered the common neural mechanisms shared by these creative modes. In addition, we found that verbal creativity relied more on the language network, while visuospatial creativity relied more on the somatomotor network, which can be considered a difference in their mechanism. Collectively, these findings indicated that verbal and visuospatial creativity may have similar mechanisms to support the basic creative thinking process and different mechanisms to adapt to the specific task conditions. These findings may have significant implications for our understanding of the neural mechanisms of different types of creative thinking.
Characterizing gender trends in head and neck fellowship graduates from 2008 to 2018
Authors: Miller Alexis , Stevens Madelyn N. , Tang Alice , Cottrill Elizabeth , Yang Shiayin F. , Rohde Sarah L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesEvaluation of potential gender gaps among Head and Neck (H&N) surgeons can highlight areas for increased support of female H&N surgeons and improve gender diversity within the subspecialty. To evaluate gender trends in representation and career trajectory among recent H&N surgery fellowship graduates.MethodsThis cross‐sectional analysis included graduates from Head and Neck Surgery fellowships accredited by the American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) from 2008 to 2018. Additional demographic data was collected via publicly available websites including gender, years in practice, practice location, type of practice, h‐index, and academic rank. The primary outcomes were the proportion of female Head and Neck fellowship graduates and gender trends in career trajectory and academic productivity (via h‐index).ResultsBetween 2008 and 2018, 449 surgeons graduated from Head and Neck surgery fellowship with females comprising 99 of 449 graduates (22%). Female representation increased from 1 of 30 (3%) graduates in 2008 to 17 of 52 (33%) in 2018. A proportionally similar number of women graduating fellowship also practiced in an academic setting (23%). There were fewer female assistant, associate and full professors compared with their male counterparts. Women had lower h‐indices compared with men even when controlling for years in practice (mean 11.4 vs. 8.2, p < 0.03).ConclusionDespite the increase in women graduating from H&N surgery fellowships, gender disparities within academic rank and academic productivity as measured by h‐index remain. While a proportional number of women completing fellowship are entering academic practice, additional investigation and support is needed to address the potential gender gaps identified within academic H&N surgery.
Construction of Cyclobutane‐Centered Tricyclic Caged Skeleton through a [5,5]‐Rearrangement Triggered Cascade
Authors: Hu Mengjie , Zhu Mengjiao , Ru Liying , Ji Jiangtao , Bao Ming , Peng Bo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this report, we describe the combination of [5,5]‐rearrangement‐triggered dearomatization recently developed in our laboratory with an intramolecular formal [2+2]‐cycloaddition for constructing an intriguing polysubstituted tricyclo[4.2.1.03,8]nonane derivatives. The synthesis features the use of simple and readily available three distinct starting materials including aryl sulfoxides, allyl nitriles, and certain nucleophiles or dienes which directly enriches the diversity of target molecules. This study provides an entirely new protocol for the synthesis of cyclobutane‐centered tricyclic caged skeleton.
Different patterns of changes in glacier mass balance and glacier runoff over the Tarim Basin, Central Asia
Authors: Xu Min , Wang Pengshou , Wu Hao , Kang Shichang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe climate change impacted glacio‐hydrological regime and thus the availability of water resources in arid region of Central Asia. The effects of climate change in the magnitude or seasonality of regional glacier runoff were still poorly understood in Central Asia. In this study, the glacier runoff, components of glacier runoff, equilibrium line altitude (ELA) and Glacier Mass Balance (GMB) during 1959–2017 are evaluated by elevation‐dependent Degree‐Day glacier melt model in eight sub‐basins of Tarim Basin over Central Asia. The impacts of climate change on glacier and hydrology are assessed. The results suggested that climatic regime shifted to more warm‐wet pattern on glacier zone after 1990 in study area. The ablation and accumulation of glaciers showed different patterns in eight sub‐basins. All sub‐basins showed a glacier mass deficit and GMB displayed a marked decreasing trend, but also exhibiting discrepancy. The mean ELA and rising rate of ELA were higher in the southern region. The glacier runoff increased significantly after 1990 in Tarim Basin, with obviously temporal and spatial variations in sub‐basins. The mean annual volume of glacier runoff was 175.8 × 108 m3. The ice melt was a larger component of glacial runoff in Tarim Basin. The influence of rainfall runoff on glacier runoff was more obviously than snow melt runoff as more precipitation fell as rain in northern region. The larger proportions of snow melt runoff imply more precipitation fell as snowfall in southern region. The elevation‐dependent contributions in glacier runoff showed differences in individual basins. Temperature and precipitation played different role for the glacier runoff increases among the sub‐basins. Differences in sensitivity of GMB and glacier runoff were distinct and vary considerably. A thorough assessment of the spatially and temporally varying melt water originated by glaciers is crucial for the success of water scarcity adaptation under climate change.
Activation of Toll‐like receptor 4 by thyroid hormone triggers abnormal B‐cell activation
Authors: Wang Jie , Li Guo‐Qing , Liu Shu , Miao Jing‐Jing , Sun Qi , Gu Wen‐Sha , Mao Xiao‐Ming 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveBreakdown of tolerance and abnormal activation of B cells is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease (GD). High levels of thyroid hormones (THs) play important roles in GD progression. However, the interactions between THs and abnormal activation of B cells remain elusive. This study aimed to explore the effect of high levels of THs on TLR4 expression and abnormal B cell differentiation.Materials and MethodsBlood samples were collected from patients with GD and healthy controls (HCs) to evaluate the frequency of B cells, their subsets, and TLR4 expression in B cells. A high‐level T3 mouse model was used to study the interaction between THs and the TLR4 signalling pathway.ResultsWe found that the frequencies of CD19+, CD19+ TLR4+, CD19+ CD86+, and CD19+ CD138+ B cells were significantly higher, as were the expression levels of MRP8/MRP14 and MRP6 and MRP8, MRP14, and MRP6 messenger RNA (mRNA) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with GD. In high‐level T3 mice models, the serum MRP8/MRP14 and MRP6 levels and the TLR4 mRNA expression in PBMCs were significantly higher. TLR4 mRNA, protein expression, and cytokines downstream of TLR4, such as myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and nuclear transcription factor‐κB, were also increased in mouse spleen mononuclear cells.ConclusionThe present study indicated that high levels of T3 can induce abnormal differentiation and activation of B cells by promoting TLR4 overexpression and provide novel insights into the roles of THs in the pathogenesis of GD.
CD4+ T cells related to disease severity in elderly and frailty community‐acquired pneumonia patients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Jue , Pei Lu , Zhao Ting , Liu Xiaoli , Wang Quanrong , Zhang Shiyu , Li Jubo , Wu Hongwei , Niu Dongsheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundsElderly and frailty individuals show a more senescent immune system, which may relate to worse outcome in community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP). This study aimed to explore prognostic factors related to immune.MethodsSixty of elderly (≥65 years) and frailty (clinical frailty scale ≥5 scores) nonsevere CAP patients and 60 severe CAP (SCAP) patients were recruited at our center. Clinical and laboratory data, and several assessment scores were collected.ResultsCompared with nonsevere CAP group, the elderly and frailty SCAP patients showed higher level of BMI, PaCO2 and lactate in arterial blood‐gas, CURB‐65 score, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, shock accidence, and longer hospital stay using two‐tailed t test. The SCAP group also showed increased CRP, IL‐6, and PCT, and decreased CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells. Logistic regression analysis showed that CD4+ T cells, IL‐6 and PCT were independent prognostic factors for SCAP. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for CD4+ T cells combined with PCT was 0.771 (95% CI 0.683–0.859), and the sensitivity and specificity were both 76.7%. Paired t test analysis showed that low CD4+ T cells in SCAP patients increased after treatment.ConclusionsCD4+ T cells decreased in elderly and frailty SCAP patients, and CD4+ T cells combined with PCT were relatively accurate in the prediction of elderly and frailty SCAP.
Exploring dental faculty perceptions of current strategies and barriers to retention
Authors: Tassabehji Nadine M. , Leach Elena Riccio , Duffy Rachel L. , Bay Curt , Hill Brittaney J. , Shaw Holly K. , Stephens Nadejda Stefanova , Howe Brian J. , Kowolik Joan E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeThe aims of the study were to identify perceived strategies for and barriers to faculty retention and examine differences regarding age, gender, and race.MethodsCross‐sectional data was captured from the eight author‐affiliated dental schools. A Qualtrics survey was emailed to all faculty members at these institutions (1467 possible participants) between November 2021 and February 2022. The survey was formulated from best practices listed in the American Dental Education Association Faculty Diversity Toolkit. It consisted of 18 questions, including demographic information and faculty perceptions of their respective workplaces. These responses were then evaluated with descriptive statistics, Chi‐squared analysis, Pearson Correlation, and Fleiss’ kappa.ResultsThe survey's response rate was 19.2%. There was no significant difference in perceived retention strategies across race, age, gender, practice tenure, practice type, or clinical versus tenure track. The top four barriers identified were inadequate financial compensation, workload, poor work environment, and burnout. There was a significant difference between racial groups and their perceived barrier of support for promotion (p = 0.048). This was more prevalent among clinical faculty (47.7%) than tenure track faculty (16.2%). The work environment was listed as a leading factor for both promoting retention and encouraging the exodus of faculty members.ConclusionStrategies aimed at improving financial compensation, career recognition, and transparency of the promotion process, along with those aimed at improving the work environment were shown to be vital to retaining faculty. Though the low response rate is a study limitation, these findings provide valuable information and a framework for future studies regarding dental faculty recruitment and retention.
Inhibition of extracellular vesicle‐derived miR‐146a‐5p decreases progression of melanoma brain metastasis via Notch pathway dysregulation in astrocytes
Authors: Rigg Emma , Wang Jiwei , Xue Zhiwei , Lunavat Taral R. , Liu Guowei , Hoang Tuyen , Parajuli Himalaya , Han Mingzhi , Bjerkvig Rolf , Nazarov Petr V. , Nicot Nathalie , Kreis Stephanie , Margue Christiane , Nomigni Miléne Tetsi , Utikal Jochen , Miletic Hrvoje , Sundstrøm Terje , Ystaas Lars A. R. , Li Xingang , Thorsen Frits 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMelanoma has the highest propensity of all cancers to metastasize to the brain with a large percentage of late‐stage patients developing metastases in the central nervous system (CNS). It is well known that metastasis establishment, cell survival, and progression are affected by tumour‐host cell interactions where changes in the host cellular compartments likely play an important role. In this context, miRNAs transferred by tumour derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have previously been shown to create a favourable tumour microenvironment. Here, we show that miR‐146a‐5p is highly expressed in human melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) EVs, both in MBM cell lines as well as in biopsies, thereby modulating the brain metastatic niche. Mechanistically, miR‐146a‐5p was transferred to astrocytes via EV delivery and inhibited NUMB in the Notch signalling pathway. This resulted in activation of tumour‐promoting cytokines (IL‐6, IL‐8, MCP‐1 and CXCL1). Brain metastases were significantly reduced following miR‐146a‐5p knockdown. Corroborating these findings, miR‐146a‐5p inhibition led to a reduction of IL‐6, IL‐8, MCP‐1 and CXCL1 in astrocytes. Following molecular docking analysis, deserpidine was identified as a functional miR‐146a‐5p inhibitor, both in vitro and in vivo. Our results highlight the pro‐metastatic function of miR‐146a‐5p in EVs and identifies deserpidine for targeted adjuvant treatment.