bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A potential role of heat shock proteins and nicotinamide N‐methyl transferase in predicting response to radiation in bladder cancer
Authors: Kassem Heba Sh. , Sangar Vijay , Cowan Richard , Clarke Noel , Margison Geoffrey P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe use of definitive radiotherapy for treatment of invasive bladder cancer has the advantage of preserving bladder function, but tumour regression is only achieved in approximately 40–50% of patients. Knowledge of the molecular basis of sensitivity to ionizing radiation and identification of potential molecular predictors will provide useful information regarding patient response and thus help clinicians to individualize treatment. The recent application of cDNA expression array technology provides a useful tool to investigate hundreds or even thousands of genes in a single experiment. In our study, we have used the Atlas human stress cDNA array™ to investigate the expression profile of stress‐related and DNA repair genes in a radioresistant bladder carcinoma cell line (MGH‐U1) and its radiosensitive subclone (S40b). This provides an ideal situation to study genes related to radiation because the genotypes of both cell lines are basically similar and differential changes detected are likely to be related to the different radiosensitivity phenotype. Of 234 genes blotted on the array, 3 genes (Heat shock protein 90, Heat shock protein 27 and Nicotinamide N‐methyl transferase) showed consistent downregulation in the radiosensitive clone in 2 independent experiments. These results were further confirmed for HSP27 and NNMT using Sybr Green I‐based real‐time QRT‐PCR. The role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in response to radiation remains to be determined; however, the results of our present work suggest a possible role of HSP27 in determining radiosensitivity. Our study also opens avenues for the investigation of genes, such as NNMT, which has not previously been linked to response to radiation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Linear scaling approaches to quantum macromolecular similarity: Evaluating the similarity function
Authors: Constans Pere 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe evaluation of the electron density based similarity function scales quadratically with respect to the size of the molecules for simplified, atomic shell densities. Due to the exponential decay of the function's atom‐atom terms most interatomic contributions are numerically negligible on large systems. An improved algorithm for the evaluation of the Quantum Molecular Similarity function is presented. This procedure identifies all non‐negligible terms without computing unnecessary interatomic squared distances, thus effectively turning to linear scaling the similarity evaluation. Presented also is a minimalist dynamic electron density model. Approximate, single shell densities together with the proposed algorithm facilitate fast electron density based alignments on macromolecules. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 1305–1313, 2002
Presynaptic modulation of sensory neurons in the segmental ganglia of arthropods
Authors: Watson Alan Hugh David 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe afferent terminals of arthropod sensory neurones receive abundant input synapses, usually closely intermingled with the sites of synaptic output. The majority of the input synapses use the neurotransmitter GABA, but in some afferents there is a significant glutamatergic or histaminergic component. GABA and histamine shunt afferent action potentials by increasing chloride conductance. Though glutamate can also have this effect in the arthropod central nervous system, its action on afferent terminals appears to be mediated by increases in potassium conductance or by the action of metabotropic receptors. The action of the presynaptic synapses on the afferents are many and varied. Even on the same afferent, they may have several distinct roles that can involve both tonic and phasic patterns of primary afferent depolarisation. Despite the ubiquity and importance of their effects however, the populations of neurones from which the presynaptic synapses are made, remain largely unidentified. Microsc. Res. Tech. 58:262–271, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peripheral synaptic contacts at mechanoreceptors in arachnids and crustaceans: Morphological and immunocytochemical characteristics
Authors: Fabian‐Fine Ruth , Seyfarth Ernst‐August , Meinertzhagen Ian A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTwo types of sensory organs in crustaceans and arachnids, the various mechanoreceptors of spiders and the crustacean muscle receptor organs (MRO), receive extensive efferent synaptic innervation in the periphery. Although the two sensory systems are quite different—the MRO is a muscle stretch receptor while most spider mechanoreceptors are cuticular sensilla—this innervation exhibits marked similarities. Detailed ultrastructural investigations of the synaptic contacts along the mechanosensitive neurons of a spider slit sense organ reveal four important features, all having remarkable resemblances to the synaptic innervation at the MRO: (1) The mechanosensory neurons are accompanied by several fine fibers of central origin, which are presynaptic upon the mechanoreceptors. Efferent control of sensory function has only recently been confirmed electrophysiologically for the peripheral innervation of spider slit sensilla. (2) Different microcircuit configuration types, identified on the basis of the structural organization of their synapses. (3) Synaptic contacts, not only upon the sensory neurons but also between the efferent fibers themselves. (4) Two identified neurotransmitter candidates, GABA and glutamate. Physiological evidence for GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission is incomplete at spider sensilla. Given that the sensory neurons are quite different in their location and origin, these parallels are most likely convergent. Although their significance is only partially understood, mostly from work on the MRO, the close similarities seem to reflect functional constraints on the organization of efferent pathways in the brain and in the periphery. Microsc. Res. Tech. 58:283–298, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reporter genes: too much of a good thing?
Authors: Torbett Bruce E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAdvances in viral vector design and identification of new reporter genes have allowed the development of novel delivery systems. In the presence of reporter genes, cellular transduction frequency, expression of the gene of interest and phenotypic effects in cells expressing the gene under study can now be easily monitored both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the presence of unique cell markers allows for the enrichment of transduced cells for research studies or patient infusion. The ideal reporter gene product should be biologically inert and not influence the cell population under investigation. Recent reports suggest that reporter gene products may not be biologically benign. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence and profile of mutations associated with lamivudine therapy in Indian patients with chronic hepatitis B in the surface and polymerase genes of hepatitis B virus
Authors: Wakil Salma M. , Kazim Syed N. , Khan Luqman A. , Raisuddin Sheikh , Parvez Mohammad K. , Guptan Rajkumar C. , Thakur Varsha , Hasnain Seyed E. , Sarin Shiv K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLamivudine results in the selection of resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) variants. Because the surface gene of HBV overlaps completely the polymerase gene, the incidence and profile of surface and polymerase gene mutations were investigated prospectively in chronic HBV patients who were on lamivudine therapy. Twenty‐six patients with chronic liver disease confirmed histologically were included in this study. Extracted HBV DNA from sera samples were subjected to PCR amplification for the mutation prone regions of the surface and polymerase genes of the HBV genome. The emergence of mutant forms and biochemical derangements were studied carefully during the course of the therapy. In six of 26 (23%) patients, mutations emerged on lamivudine therapy. YM552I/VDD resistant mutants were observed in one (6%) and five (29%) patients at Month 12 and 18, respectively, out of 17 patients, who had completed more than 9 months of therapy. The mean time of emergence of resistance was 16.4 ± 6.8 months. In three of the five patients, emergence of YM552I/VDD mutation was accompanied with a rise in HBV DNA levels. In two patients, mutations were noticed at the end of the viral breakthrough; when the DNA level went down to undetectable levels (<0.5 pg/mL). In two patients, normal ALT levels were found at the time of emergence of the YMDD mutation. YM552I/VDD mutations were observed in 43% of HBeAg positive and 20% of anti‐HBe positive patients (P = ns). Although the ‘a’‐determinant region was found to be unaffected; in one patient, a novel pattern due to emergence of YIDD mutant was observed; the corresponding aa in the S‐ORF turned to a stop codon. In summary, the frequency of emergence of YM552I/VDD mutations was 29% at Month 18 in the Indian patients. The presence of normal ALT and low levels of HBV DNA do not exclude the existence of resistant mutants. Novel mutations in the S‐ORF, which lead to premature surface gene termination might affect the production of HBsAg and need further study. J. Med. Virol. 68:311–318, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of cytomegalovirus DNA in human placenta
Authors: Kumazaki Kaori , Ozono Keiichi , Yahara Takeshi , Wada Yoshinao , Suehara Noriyuki , Takeuchi Makoto , Nakayama Masahiro 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAlthough human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most common causes of viral intrauterine and perinatal infection, its distribution in the placenta is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of CMV DNA positivity in placentas, to demonstrate the localization of the viral genome, and to identify the clinical features related to placental CMV. A total of 254 placentas from 231 mothers were investigated, and the maternal serum CMV immunoglobulin antibodies were measured. Specimens from both the placental parenchyma and the placental membrane close to the ruptured site in each placenta were examined for the presence of CMV DNA using dot blot hybridization after PCR amplification. None of 57 placentas from seronegative mothers was positive for CMV DNA. Of 197 placentas from seropositive mothers, 60 (30.5%) had CMV DNA in either the parenchyma or the membrane by dot blot analysis. In situ hybridization was carried out on these 60 placentas, and the localization of the viral genome was established in 19; CMV DNA was localized mostly to the villi, including the mesenchyme and trophoblasts, extravillous trophoblasts, and decidual cells. The mean gestational age at delivery was significantly later in the CMV DNA‐positive placentas than in the negative placentas (36.9 ±  5.1 vs 34.7 ± 6.2 weeks, P = 0.0059). CMV DNA was detected in only 6 of 33 placentas delivered in the second trimester, and all six were associated with either severe maternal nephritis or severe chorioamnionitis. These results suggest that the CMV genome is common in placentas at later gestational ages and in those of earlier gestational ages with certain maternal complications. J. Med. Virol. 68:363–369, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spectral kinetics of 3 + 3 dipolar thermal dimerization in some carbanion monosubstituted 3‐(p‐halo‐phenyl)‐pyridazinium ylid solutions
Authors: Dorohoi Dana , Cotlet M. , Mangalagiu I. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe visible intramolecular charge transfer band of some carbanion monosubstituted 3‐(p‐halo‐phenyl)‐pyridazinium ylids in benzene solutions has been considered as an indicator of the ylid stability. The catalytic effect of light on 3 + 3 dipolar thermal dimerization reaction was revealed. The dimerization reaction was found to be of the second order in the ylid concentration. The rate of dimerization was found to be promoted by increasing the electronegativity of the substituents on the ylid carbanion. The associated intramolecular charge transfer band oscillator strength has been correlated with the rate constant. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 613–619, 2002
An empirical analysis of the practices and therapeutic power of mood‐alleviative consumption in Finland
Authors: Luomala Harri T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article tackles empirically the phenomenon of mood‐alleviative consumption in Finland. In an attempt to advance consumer‐behavior theory development toward building a theory or model of mood‐alleviative consumption, empirical insights derived from Finnish consumers concerning the practices and therapeutic power of mood‐alleviative consumption activities are offered. A phenomenological analysis identified eight types of therapeutic power stemming from different mood‐alleviative consumption activities: distraction, self‐indulgence, stimulated elaboration, outcomes of mood‐alleviative activities, recharging, discharging, retreat, and activation. It was also discovered that certain mood‐alleviative consumer behaviors can be therapeutic in multiple ways simultaneously, that different persons may experience the same mood‐alleviative consumer behavior therapeutically differently, and that certain mood‐alleviative consumption activities are more typically engaged in by women, whereas certain other mood‐alleviative consumption activities are more typically pursued by men. The article is concluded by a discussion highlighting theoretical implications and suggestions for further research. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detrusor instability with equivocal obstruction: A predictor of unfavorable symptomatic outcomes after transurethral prostatectomy
Authors: Machino Rintaro , Kakizaki Hidehiro , Ameda Kaname , Shibata Takashi , Tanaka Hiroshi , Matsuura Shinobu , Koyanagi Tomohiko 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAimsTo elucidate whether preoperative urodynamic findings can predict outcomes of transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR‐P).MethodsSixty‐two patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia were categorized in three different ways based on findings of preoperative pressure‐flow study (PFS) and cystometry: urodynamic obstruction (determined by the Abrams‐Griffiths nomogram), detrusor instability (DI), and combination of both. Outcomes of TUR‐P regarding symptom, function, and quality of life (QOL) were analyzed by changes in the International Prostate Symptom Score (I‐PSS), maximum flow rate in uroflowmetry, and QOL index before and after TUR‐P, respectively. Overall outcome was defined as success when all of the three categories showed successful improvement.ResultsNeither urodynamic obstruction alone nor DI alone predicted outcomes of TUR‐P. However, symptomatic and overall outcomes were significantly worse in patients who were not obstructed but had DI. Postoperative persistent DI was more frequently noted in patients without clear obstruction (60%) than in those with obstruction (27%). Patients with equivocal obstruction showed less satisfactory symptomatic outcomes of TUR‐P when DI was accompanied. Persistent DI might be the principle cause of unfavorable outcomes.ConclusionsPreoperative evaluation of DI is of benefit because it enhances predictive value of the PFS. Neurourol. Urodynam. 21:444–449, 2002. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A pilot study of group exercise training (GET) for women with primary breast cancer: feasibility and health benefits
Authors: Kolden Gregory G. , Strauman Timothy J. , Ward Ann , Kuta Jackie , Woods Teresa E. , Schneider Kristin L. , Heerey Erin , Sanborn Lisa , Burt Cathy , Millbrandt Lisa , Kalin Ned H. , Stewart James A. , Mullen Beth 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEvidence is accumulating for physical activity as an effective, well‐tolerated, highly rewarding complementary behavioral intervention for enhancing quality of life (QOL) as well as fitness among individuals with chronic and even terminal illnesses. However, relatively few studies have examined the feasibility and potential health benefits of supervised, structured exercise programs for sedentary women with primary breast cancer. Forty women over the age of 45 with primary breast cancer participated in a course of group exercise training (GET) delivered in a structured format three times per week for 16 weeks. GET emphasizes physical activities that promote aerobic fitness, strength, and flexibility. Assessments of fitness/vigor and QOL were conducted prior to, during, and upon completion of the program. Results demonstrated that GET was feasible, safe, and well‐tolerated. Moreover, the participants experienced significant health benefits over the course of the intervention in multiple dimensions of fitness/vigor (aerobic capacity, strength, flexibility) as well as QOL (increased positive affect, decreased distress, enhanced well‐being, and improved functioning). Discussion highlights the need for inclusion of physical activity programs in comprehensive, complementary treatment regimes for breast cancer patients. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Space Internet architectures and technologies for NASA enterprises
Authors: Bhasin Kul , Hayden Jeffrey L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNASA's future space communication needs and requirements will be addressed through a space communications network that mirrors the terrestrial Internet in its capabilities and flexibility. NASA's needs and requirements for future data gathering and distribution by this Space Internet have been obtained from NASA's Earth Science Enterprise (ESE), the Human Exploration and Development in Space (HEDS), and the Space Science Enterprise (SSE).To address NASA's future needs, we propose and describe an integrated communications infrastructure based on Internet technologies, the architectures within the infrastructure, and the elements that make up the architectures.The architectures meet the requirements of the enterprises beyond 2010 with Internet compatible technologies and functionality. The elements of an architecture include the backbone, access, inter‐spacecraft, and proximity communication parts. From the architectures, technologies have been identified which have the most impact and are critical for the implementation of the architectures. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Lichen Genus Xanthoparmelia (Ascomycotina, Parmeliaceae) in Italy
Authors: Giordani Paolo , Nicora Paolo , Rellini Ivano , Brunialti Giorgio , Elix John A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEleven Xanthoparmelia species have been identified from Italy. A key to the species is provided and the distinguishing morphological and chemical characters, distribution, ecology, substratum preference and interrelationships of each are discussed. Xanthoparmelia cumberlandia is reported for the first time from Europe; X. angustiphylla and X. plittii are new to Italy.
FT-Raman Spectroscopy of three Foliicolous Lichens from Costa Rican Rainforests
Authors: Oliveira L. F. C. de , Edwards H. G. M. , Feo-Manga J. C. , Seaward M. R. D. , Lücking R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe first FT-Raman spectroscopic study of foliicolous lichens is reported. Detailed spectra obtained by macroscopic and microscopic means for Calenia triseptata Zahlbr., Echinoplaca strigulacea (Müll. Arg.) R.Sant. and Tricharia carnea (Müll. Arg.) R.Sant. collected from Costa Rican rainforests have been interpreted mainly in terms of their xalate content. The Raman spectra show a significant presence of calcium oxalate monohydrate (whewellite) despite the lack of calcium ions available in the leaf itself. A reasonable explanation for its presence could be the result of the incorporation of calcium ions from airborne dust and/or dissolved in rain falling on the canopy.
The Foliicolous Lichen Flora of Mexico. I. New Species from Los Tuxtlas Tropical Biology Station, Veracruz
Authors: Herrera-Campos M. A. , Lücking R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNine new species of foliicolous lichens are described from Los Tuxtlas Tropical Biology Station, Veracruz, Mexico: Asterothyrium atromarginatum sp. nov. (Asterothyriaceae), Enterographa perez-higaredae sp. nov. (Roccellaceae), Gyalectidium barbatum sp. nov., G. pallidum sp. nov., G. ulloae sp. nov. (Gomphillaceae), Opegrapha heliabravoa sp. nov., O. tuxtlensis sp. nov. (Roccellaceae), Pocsia alvari sp. nov. (Verrucariaceae) and Tricharia sublancicarpa sp. nov. (Gomphillaceae). Pycnidia are reported for the first time in Coenogonium hypophyllum (Vězda) Kalb & Lücking.
Clinical relevance of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in adolescents with severe mood disorder: evidence from a follow-up study
Authors: Taieb O. , Flament M.-F. , Chevret S. , Jeammet P. , Allilaire J.-F. , Mazet P. , Cohen D. 
Published: October 2002

SummaryGiven the limited knowledge on the long-term outcome of adolescents who receive electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), the study aimed to follow-up adolescents treated with ECT for severe mood disorder. Eleven subjects treated during adolescence with bilateral ECT for psychotic depression (n = 6) or mania (n = 5), and ten psychiatric controls matched for sex, age, school level, and clinical diagnosis, completed at least 1 year after treatment a clinical and social evaluation. Mean duration between time of index episode and time of follow-up evaluation was 5.2 years (range 2–9 years). At follow-up: (1) all patients except two in the control group received a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. (2) Fifteen patients had had more than one episode of mood disorder. (3) The two groups did not differ in social functioning nor school achievement. (4) Impact on school achievement was related to the severity of the mood disorder rather than ECT treatment. The results suggest that adolescents given ECT for bipolar disorder, depressed or manic, do not differ in subsequent school and social functioning from carefully matched controls.
Management of heart failure patients in Poland
Authors: Korewicki J. , Rywik S. , Rywik T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOver the next 10 years, heart failure is likely to become a medical and sociological problem as a result of improved treatment of ischaemic heart disease and hypertension. At present, in Poland, there are only 50% of the cardiological or cardiac surgery procedures (coronarography, PTCA, CABG, surgery of congenital or acquired heart disease) performed compared to Western Europe. After being registered on the waiting list, it can take anything between 3 and 12 months before the procedure is done. Patients with heart failure have diagnostic tests such as ECG, chest X‐ray, and biochemical evaluation performed regardless of the level of care. When echocardiography, exercise testing or Holter monitoring is required, it is done at specialist or reference specialist facilities with a waiting time of approximately 1–3 months. Pharmaceutical treatment of CHF is also inadequate. ACE inhibitors are prescribed in approximately 68% of patients. The average prescribed dosage is far from that recommended in guidelines. Only 18–29% of patients with HF are on beta blockers. The improvement of cardiological care standards depends mainly on the financial resources of State Health System Agencies.
Preparation and Characterization of Novel Aromatic-inserted Tris-fused Tetrathiafulvalenes
Authors: Takahashi Kazuyuki , Tanioka Hiroaki , Fueno Hiroyuki , Misaki Yohji , Tanaka Kazuyoshi 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
New families of extended tris-fused TTFs, in which aromatic rings are inserted, have been synthesized. Cyclic voltammetry and theoretical calculation of them indicate electronic structure of the furan and thiophene derivatives may be regarded as tris-fused TTFs, whereas the benzene derivative as a dimeric (2-methylidene-1,3-dithiolo[4,5-d])-TTF.