bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ectopic corticospinal tract and corticothalamic tract neurons in the cerebral cortex of yotari and reeler mice
Authors: Yamamoto Tatsuro , Sakakibara Shunsuke , Mikoshiba Katsuhiko , Terashima Toshio 
Published: April 2003

AbstractReeler and yotari mice, which are mutant for Reelin or Dab1, respectively, show disorders of cerebral cortical lamination. We injected horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the upper lumbar enlargement to label corticospinal tract (CST) neurons and wheat germ agglutinin‐conjugated HRP (WGA‐HRP) into the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus to label corticothalamic tract (CTT) neurons in both 19‐day‐old yotari and reeler mice with the aim of discovering whether or not they show differences in the distribution pattern of layer V or layer VI neurons. Similar injections of tracers were made in normal controls. HRP‐labeled CST neurons, which were exclusively distributed in layer V of the normal cortex, were radially scattered in the cortex of both mutants, but those in reeler were more deeply distributed than in yotari. WGA‐labeled CTT neurons, which were mainly located in layer VI in the normal cortex, were superficially distributed just beneath the pia mater in both reeler and yotari cortex. The present quantitative study shows that the distribution pattern of layer V neurons, but not layer VI neurons, differs between reeler and yotari mice, suggesting that the Reelin and Dab1 proteins may play different roles in the migration and cell positioning of layer V neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 461:61–75, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors predictive of survival for esophageal carcinoma treated with preoperative radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy followed by surgery
Authors: Yeh Alexander M. , Mendenhall William M. , Morris Christopher G. , Zlotecki Robert A. , Desnoyers Rodwige J. , Vogel Stephen B. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate parameters that may influence prognosis in patients treated with preoperative radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiation.Methods and MaterialsOne hundred seventy‐six patients with esophageal carcinoma received preoperative radiotherapy (45 patients) or chemoradiation (131 patients). Forty‐three received no surgery (NS), 32 had exploratory surgery (ES), and 101 received definitive surgery (DS).ResultsFive‐year cause‐specific survival and absolute survival rates were overall, 19% and 16%; NS group, 0% and 0%; ES group, 3% and 3%; DS group, 30% and 26%. On univariate analysis, definitive surgery (P < 0.0001), tumor size less than 5 cm (P < 0.0001), and chemotherapy (P = 0.0015) were significant predictors of improved cause‐specific survival. Cause‐specific survival was 51% for tumors ≤3 cm (n = 33), 32% for 3.1 to 4 cm (n = 28), and 16% for 4.1 to 5 cm (n = 29). No patient with a tumor ≥6 cm (n = 86) survived. Multivariate analysis of the DS group showed complete or partial pathologic response (P = 0.0001), chemotherapy (P = 0.0026), and overall treatment time less than 3 months (P = 0.0405) significantly predicted improved cause‐specific survival. Tumor <5 cm was marginally significant (P = 0.0515).ConclusionPatients who undergo preoperative chemoradiation and definitive surgery have improved survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;83:14–23. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aphrodisiac activity of methanol extract of leaves of Passiflora incarnata Linn. in mice
Authors: Dhawan Kamaldeep , Kumar Suresh , Sharma Anupam 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe aphrodisiac properties of the methanol extract of leaves of Passiflora incarnata Linn. have been evaluated in mice by observing the mounting behaviour. The methanol extract of P. incarnata exhibited significant aphrodisiac behaviour in male mice at all doses, i.e. 75, 100 and 150 mg/kg. Amongst these, the highest activity was observed with the 100 mg/kg dose when the mountings were calculated about 95 min after the administration of the test extracts. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antibacterial, antiprotozoal and antioxidant activity of five plants used in Izabal for infectious diseases
Authors: Navarro M. C. , Montilla M. P. , Cabo M. M. , Galisteo M. , Cáceres A. , Morales C. , Berger I. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractMethanol and aqueous extracts from ﬁve plant species, used in traditional medicine in Guatemala for the treatment of microbial infections, were tested in vitro for their ability to scavenge DPPH, OH· and O2‐ radicals and to inhibit lipoperoxidation (LPO) in order to establish a relationship between their antioxidant activities and their effects against infectious agents. Acalypha guatemalensis, Ocimum micranthum and Smilax spinosa possessed a signiﬁcant activity against both the three free radicals assayed and LPO; Guazuma ulmifolia showed effects against DPPH and OH·. Piper auritum showed no activity. These extracts were also evaluated for antibacterial and antiprotozoal activities. A. guatemalensis showed activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa; S. spinosa was active against Salmonella typhi, and A. guatemalensis, and S. spinosa against Trypanosoma cruzi or Leishmania spp. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applying survival analysis to operations management: Analyzing the differences in donor classes in the blood donation process
Authors: Melnyk Steven A. , Pagell Mark , Jorae Gail , Sharpe A.Spencer 
Published: April 2003

AbstractMuch of the research in operations management deals with the study of events. These events take many different forms: the length of time until a job is completed, the time interval until a component breaks down or the time taken for the development and introduction of a new product. When studying events, we are often interested in examining how factors such as the introduction of a new dispatching rule or a change in the level of capacity utilization affect the resulting events (e.g., completion time for a job). Analyzing events is not an easy task. Events are often time‐varying (where the probability of the event taking place changes over the life of the event), seldom normally distributed (with the distributions often being highly skewed) and affected by censoring (observations lacking a beginning or ending point). Finally, information about events is frequently collected longitudinally. These traits create problems for the application of such commonly used procedures as ANOVA. To cope with such problems, new statistical tools are needed. This paper introduces such a statistical procedure, survival analysis. Survival analysis is a set of statistical techniques (non‐parametric, semi‐parametric and parametric) used to determine quantitatively the impact of independent variables on a dependent variable which represents the time interval between events. The usefulness of this procedure is illustrated by applying it to data taken from a study focusing on the blood donation process. The paper concludes by pointing out some of the problems encountered in operations management which can be readily analyzed using this procedure. Overall, the paper tries to make the reader aware of the capabilities offered by survival analysis.
Localization of keratin in the notochord and in notochord derived tumors—immunohistological study of rat embryo and human chordoma
Authors: Raju Trichur , Adelman Lester S. , Dahl Doris , Bignami Amico 
Published: April 2003

AbstractPresence of keratin was observed in the notochordal plate of 10‐day rat embryos. The characteristic changes in the appearance of the notochord during the following days of gestation were also observed in sections stained by immunofluorescence with keratin antisera. On day 12, the keratin‐positive notochordal plate had become a cylindrical structure closely apposed to the ventral surface of the spinal cord. The distance between notochord and spinal cord progressively increased at later stages. The expression of keratin was also studied by the Avidin‐Biotin complex method on 4 chordomas, tumors originating from intraosseous notochordal vestigial remnants. In accordance with the developmental study all chordomas were keratin‐positive.
Axonal transport of gangliosides in the visual system of the developing chick embryo
Authors: Panzetta P. , Chiarenza A.P. , Maccioni H.J.F. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractChick embryos aged 7–18 days of development were injected with N‐[3H]acetylmannosamine into one eye. The labeling of gangliosides was significantly higher in the contralateral‐ than in the ipsilateral‐optic tectum in embryos aged 14 days or older. Comparison of the radioactivities of thin‐layer chromatograms of gangliosides from the contralateral‐ and ipsilateral‐optic tecta showed that in the 14‐day‐old embryo about 56 and 29% of the transported radioactivity chromatographed as GD1a and GT1, respectively. Most of the remaining radioactivity chromatographed in the zone of less complex gangliosides (GM2‐GD3, 3%; GM3, 6%). In the 18‐day‐old embryo about 72% of the transported radioactivity chromatographed as GD1a; the radioactivity in the zone of GT1 was reduced to about 2% and that in the less complex gangliosides remained low (about 14% in the zone of GM2‐GD3 and 7% in the zone of GM3).
Synthesis of plasma proteins by rat fetal brain and choroid plexus
Authors: Dziegielewska K.M. , Evans C.A.N. , New H. , Reynolds M.L. , Saunders N.R. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractSeveral plasma proteins have previously been demonstrated to be within cells (presumed neurons) in the developing brain of various species. The possibility that the plasma proteins α‐fetoprotein (AFP) albumin and transferrin may be synthesized by developing brain and choroid plexus has been investigated in fetal rats of 18 to 22 days gestation. Samples of these tissues and of liver were incubated in Krebs solution containing [3H]leucine at 37°C for 1 h. Radioactively labelled AFP, albumin and transferrin were extracted and separated by immunoprecipitation. Incorporation of [3H]leucine into the plasma proteins was demonstrated in both fetal brain and choroid plexus. Incorporation was completely blocked by cycloheximide. It is concluded that fetal brain and choroid plexus synthesize AFP, albumin and transferrin and that secretion of these proteins by developing brain and choroid plexus cells probably contributes to the high concentration of plasma proteins in fetal csf.
Effects of triiodothyronine (T3) on the development of rat cerebellar cells in culture
Authors: Messer Anne , Maskin Paul , Snodgrass Gary L. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractTo determine whether or not the effects of thyroxine on the cells of the external granular layer of rat cerebellum are direct or indirect, Purkinje cell‐free dissociated cell cultures from 5‐day‐old rat cerebellum in serum‐free medium were treated with triiodothyronine (T3) at concentrations of 20–3000 ng/ml. Cultures were assayed for uptake and synthesis of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) after 3 weeks, and for thymidine incorporation at 1, 2, 3 and 4 days. Specific (per mg protein) activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase and of GABA uptake into neurons was reduced by the more physiologic (50 or 500 ng/ml) concentrations of T3, probably due to a non‐neuronal increase in overall protein synthesis, since the total per culture values seem unaffected by hormone. Thymidine uptake was significantly increased only at the highest (unphysiologic) concentration of T3 on the second day after treatment. None of the label appeared to be in the nuclei of the neuronal cells at any of the times and concentrations tested.These results are consistent with the hypothesis that T3 does not have a direct effect on the proliferation of neurons derived from the external granular layer, although it does seem to affect some non‐neuronal cells. T3 also does not seem to enhance differentiated GABA functions (uptake or synthesis) beyond the levels achieved using insulin, progesterone, putrescine, selenium and transferrin.
Receptor‐mediated uptake of labeled transferrin by embryonic chicken dorsal root ganglion neurons in culture
Authors: Markelonis G.J. , Oh T.H. , Park L.P. , Azari P. , Max S.R. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractTransferrin is a growth‐promoting plasma protein which is known to occur within developing neurons. Since little information exists on the process by which transferrin is internalized by neurons, we studied this process using dissociated embryonic chicken dorsal root ganglion neurons in culture. Cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons were incubated in the presence of 3.75 nM 125I‐transferrin at 37°C, the cultures were extensively washed, the neurons were solubilized in a Triton‐containing buffer and internalized 125I‐transferrin was quantified with a gamma counter. 125I‐transferrin was internalized in a linear fashion for at least 60 min, and this uptake was abolished by the presence of 1.25 μM unlabeled transferrin. No competition for the uptake of 125I‐transferrin was observed in the presence of 1.25 μM ovalbumin, cytochrome c, hemoglobin, insulin, horseradish peroxidase, aldolase or the carboxyl‐terminal fragment (‘half‐site’) of transferrin. By contrast, uptake was inhibited by approximately 50% in the presence of the amino‐terminal fragment (‘half‐site’) of transferrin (1.25 μM) or in the presence of concanavalin A (1.25 μM). The binding of transferrin conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate to neurons at 4°C and its subsequent internalization at 37°C was demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy of unfixed cells following incubation of the neurons in the presence of the fluorescently labeled protein. Furthermore, the transferrin receptors were visualized immunocytochemically on the surface membranes of dorsal root ganglion neurons using rabbit antibodies directed against transferrin receptors from chicken reticulocytes. From these data, we conclude that transferrin is internalized by neurons via receptor‐mediated endocytosis, and suggest that this protein may serve an important role in the development and survival of dorsal root ganglion neurons.
Serotoninergic receptors in the visual system of light‐deprived rats
Authors: Aurich Marina , Schliebs Reinhard , Bigl Volker 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe level of binding of [3H]serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine) to serotonin type 1 receptors (S1) in the visual centres and frontal cortex of control, dark reared and monocularly deprived (one eyelid sutured on postnatal day 10) 3‐month‐old rats were determined and compared to that assayed in 25‐day‐old rats. The two forms of light deprivation affect [3H]serotonin binding in the central visual structures in a different way.Monocular deprivation until the age of 3 months resulted in decreased serotonin binding levels in the retina of both eyes compared to the control group raised under a 12 h light‐dark cycle. Additionally, serotonin binding in the lateral geniculate nucleus contralateral to the closed eye is decreased. Rearing rats in complete darkness from birth to the age of 3 months leads to an increase of serotonin binding in the visual cortex and superior colliculus. Regarding the normal distribution of serotonin type 1 binding sites in the visual system of 3‐month‐old rats, highest serotonin binding is found in the lateral geniculate nucleus followed by the retina, superior colliculus and visual cortex.The differential effect of monocular or total light deprivation upon serotonin type 1 receptors in the different visual nuclei might reflect differences in the morpho‐functional organization of the serotoninergic system along the visual pathway and its involvement in visual information processing.
Acetylcholine sensitivity in myotubes of nerve‐muscle co‐culture cultured with anti‐muscle antibodies, α‐bungarotoxin andd‐tubocurarine
Authors: Kimura M. , Shikada K. , Nojima H. , Kimura I. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe effects of α‐bungarotoxin (α‐BuTX).d‐tubocurarine (d‐TC) and antibodies against muscle extract on acetylcholine (ACh) sensitivity were investigated in developing mouse myotubes in a nerve‐muscle co‐culture. Antibodies clearly suppressed the ACh potential amplitude in adult mouse diaphragm muscle, but antibodies in muscle pre‐treated withd‐TC (1 μg/ml) weakly suppressed it. The addition ofd‐TC to muscle extract dose‐dependently inhibited the formation of the immunoprecipitation lines. The exposure of developing myotubes to antibodies for 10 days in culture suppressed both resting potential and ACh potential, whereas co‐existence of α‐BuTX (1 μg/ml) ord‐TC (0.1 mg/ml) with antibodies suppressed ACh potential but did not affect resting potential compared with antibodies alone. The ACh potentials in myotubes cultured with α‐BuTX andd‐TC alone were also suppressed. The appearance (day 8 in culture) of this suppressive effect by α‐BuTX was faster than that (day 11 in culture) ofd‐TC. These different effects depending on the time in culture may account for the conformational change of developing ACh receptors to α‐BuTX andd‐TC.
Free amino acids of rat astrocytes in primary culture: Changes during cell maturation
Authors: Holopainen I. , Oja S. S. , Marnela Kirsi‐Marja , Kontro Pirjo 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe concentrations of free amino acids were analysed in cultured primary astrocytes during cell maturation and in the starting material, i.e. the cerebral hemispheres of newborn rats. Taurine was the most abundant amino acid in all samples, the content of glutamine being comparable only in immature astrocytes (7 days in culture). The intracellular levels of most amino acids significantly decreased during the first 2 weeks in culture, remaining fairly stable during the third week.
Lactational ethanol exposure: Brain enzymes and [3h]spiroperidol binding
Authors: Lancaster F.E. , Selvanayagam P.F. , Hsu L.L. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractLong‐Evans lactating rats were fed 27% calories as ethanol in a liquid diet to determine whether alcohol received through the milk would alter normal brain development in the offspring. On days 16, 21 and 30, brains of the female offspring were removed, corpus striatum dissected and assayed for choline acetyltransferase activity, glutamic acid decarboxylase activity and [3H]spiroperidol binding activity. At day 16, there were no differences among the three treatment groups for the enzyme activities assayed. At day 21, glutamic acid decarboxylase activity in the pairfed group was higher than in ET and CT groups. Choline acetyltransferase activity in the PF group was higher when compared to ad libitum controls and [3H]spiroperidol binding was not affected. At 30 days of age. animals exposed to ethanol had higher choline acetyltransferase activity and [3H]spiroperidol binding activity when compared to pairfed and ad libitum controls; and higher glutamic acid decarboxylase activity when compared to ad libitum controls.Data from the present study suggest that ethanol exposure during the brain growth spurt has a toxic effect on the late development of dopaminergic, cholinergic and GABAergic systems in the corpus striatum. These results may be related to the clinical symptoms of hyperactivity and problems with motor control in children exposed to alcohol during the third trimester and during lactation.
Factors influencing neuronal growth in primary cultures derived from 3‐day‐old chick embryos
Authors: Mangoura Dimitra , Sakellaridis Nikos , Vernadakis Antonia 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWe compared neuronal growth patterns in primary cultures prepared by dissociating 3‐day‐old chick embryos, either whole embryo (E3WE) or head only (E3H) and plating the dispersed cells onto Petri dishes coated with either poly‐l‐lysine, collagen or laminin. The culture medium was Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM), supplemented with either 5 or 10% fetal bovine calf serum (FCS). As we have previously described, in E3WE cultures on poly‐l‐lysine the neuronal primary growth patterns were aggregation with neuritic fasciculation, presence of growth cones with microspikes and very few flat cells. In contrast with cultures grown on poly‐l‐lysine, in cultures grown on collagen or laminin the distinct growth pattern was extensive networks of isolated and differentiated neurons lying on acquired monolayers of flat cells. When 5% PCS was used, as compared to 10% PCS, neuronal aggregates were fewer and smaller on poly‐l‐lysine; on collagen or laminin a tendency to aggregate was observed. Several differences were observed in the E3H cultures when compared to E3WE: (a) aggregates were less numerous with the prevailing pattern being a web‐like, self‐contained aggregate; (b) aggregates connected with other aggregates or flat cells were rare and the aggregate adhesivity was minimized; (c) neurons on collagen or laminin formed networks with the exception of a few, small aggregates displaying no fasciculation; (d) flat cells did not form a monolayer but islets which hosted the neuronal meshy networks. We attribute these differences in the growth patterns between the various types of cultures to be the combined result of a variety of environmental signals, derived from the provided substrata, the serum and the nonneuronal cell factors and cell surface, all primarily regulating neuronal adhesivity.
Synapse formation and development of neurotransmitter functions in neuronal cells from chick brain cultured in a serum‐free, defined medium
Authors: Langui D. , Sarhan S. , Devilliers G. , Pettmann B. , Delaunoy J. P. , Seiler N. , Sensenbrenner M. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractCells dissociated from cerebral hemispheres of 8‐day‐old chick embryos were seeded on poly‐l‐lysine coated Petri dishes in serum‐containing medium. After 24 hr the culture medium was switched to a serum‐free, chemically defined medium. These cultures contain mainly neuronal cells until day 14, characterized by the presence of acetylcholinesterase activity and neurofilament proteins. After 2 weeks glial cells progressively contaminated the neuronal culture. Cultures were maintained for a period of 4 weeks. From day 6 on numerous synapses with clear vesicles were observed. The activity of choline acetyltransferase remained low throughout the culture period, while GABA levels increased in parallel with synaptogenesis. Our observations indicate that chick cerebral hemisphere neuronal cultures grown in serum‐free, chemically defined medium contain GABAergic neurons that undergo maturation.
Age‐dependent variation in the sensitivity of rat brain glutamine synthetase to l‐methionine‐dl‐sulfoximine
Authors: Rao V. L. Raghavendra , Murthy R. K. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractEffects of a subacute dose (150 mg/kg body wt) of methionine sulfoximine was studied on the behavioural changes and glutamine synthetase activity in cerebral cortex, cerebellum and brain stem of rats of four different age groups. Animals of 10 days and 90 days age groups were less vulnerable to the toxic effects of methionine sulfoximine. Rats of 180 days age exhibited various behavioural changes upon the administration of methionine sulfoximine and entered into convulsions at the end of 17 hr. In rats of 360 days age group these changes appeared quite early and the animals convulsed at the end of 13 hr. Animals of these two age groups failed to recover from toxic effects of methionine sulfoximine. Methionine sulfoximine inhibited glutamine synthetase activity in the brains of rats of all age groups. Maximum inhibition of activity was noticed at the end of 12 hr in 10‐day‐old rats while in the animals of other age groups it was seen at the end of 3 hr. In animals of all age groups the enzyme activity was inhibited by 60–70% except in 360‐day‐old rats where the inhibition was 95%. Behavioural changes and inhibition of glutamine synthetase were out of phase with each other. It is suggested that the toxicity of methionine sulfoximine may not be due to its effect on glutamine synthetase alone. Further, these results also suggest that the toxic effects of methionine sulfoximine vary with the age of the animal.