bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quarterly real GDP estimates for China and ASEAN4 with a forecast evaluation
Authors: Abeysinghe Tilak , Rajaguru Gulasekaran 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe growing affluence of the East and Southeast Asian economies has come about through a substantial increase in their economic links with the rest of the world, the OECD economies in particular. Econometric studies that try to quantify these links face a severe shortage of high‐frequency time series data for China and the group of ASEAN4 (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand). In this paper we provide quarterly real GDP estimates for these countries derived by applying the Chow–Lin related series technique to annual real GDP series. The quality of the disaggregated series is evaluated through a number of indirect methods. Some potential problems of using readily available univariate disaggregation techniques are also highlighted. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Daily volatility forecasts: reassessing the performance of GARCH models
Authors: McMillan David G. , Speight Alan E. H. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractVolatility plays a key role in asset and portfolio management and derivatives pricing. As such, accurate measures and good forecasts of volatility are crucial for the implementation and evaluation of asset and derivative pricing models in addition to trading and hedging strategies. However, whilst GARCH models are able to capture the observed clustering effect in asset price volatility in‐sample, they appear to provide relatively poor out‐of‐sample forecasts. Recent research has suggested that this relative failure of GARCH models arises not from a failure of the model but a failure to specify correctly the ‘true volatility’ measure against which forecasting performance is measured. It is argued that the standard approach of usingex postdaily squared returns as the measure of ‘true volatility’ includes a large noisy component. An alternative measure for ‘true volatility’ has therefore been suggested, based upon the cumulative squared returns from intra‐day data. This paper implements that technique and reports that, in a dataset of 17 daily exchange rate series, the GARCH model outperforms smoothing and moving average techniques which have been previously identified as providing superior volatility forecasts. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MLL/GRAF fusion in an infant acute monocytic leukemia (AML M5b) with a cytogenetically cryptic ins(5;11)(q31;q23q23)
Authors: Panagopoulos Ioannis , Kitagawa Ashly , Isaksson Margareth , Mörse Helena , Mitelman Felix , Johansson Bertil 
Published: September 2004

AbstractMore than 30 fusions involving the MLL gene at 11q23 have been reported in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Some of these chimeras are rather common, such as MLL/MLLT3(AF9), but many are quite rare, with some, for example, MLL/GRAF, described only in a single case. The MLL/GRAF fusion, in which the reciprocal hybrid was not expressed, suggesting that the former transcript was the leukemogenic one, was detected in a juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia with a t(5;11)(q31;q23). Here, we report a second case—an infant acute monocytic leukemia (AML M5b)—with an MLL/GRAF fusion. By conventional G‐banding, the karyotype was normal. However, Southern blot and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses revealed that MLL was rearranged and that the 5′ part of the MLL gene was inserted into 5q in the vicinity of 5q31, which harbors GRAF. Reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that exon 9 of MLL was fused in‐frame with exon 19 of GRAF. Extralong genomic PCR with subsequent sequence analysis demonstrated that the breakpoints occurred in intron 9 of MLL, nine base pairs (bp) downstream from exon 9, and in intron 18 of GRAF, 117 bp downstream from exon 18. A 6‐bp insertion (ACACTC) of unknown origin was present at the junction. The putative MLL/GRAF fusion protein would retain the AT‐hook DNA‐binding domain, the DNA methyl transferase motif, the transcription repression domain of MLL, and the SH3 domain of GRAF. As expected, the reciprocal GRAF/MLL was neither expressed nor generated at the genomic level as a consequence of the ins(5;11)(q31;q23q23). On the basis of the now‐reported two cases with MLL/GRAF, we conclude that this transcript—but not the reciprocal one—characterizes a rare genetic subgroup of infant AML. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A microarray model system identifies potential new target genes of the proto‐oncogene HOX11
Authors: Hoffmann Katrin , Dixon Darcelle N. , Greene Wayne K. , Ford Jette , Taplin Ross , Kees Ursula R. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractHOX11 is a homeobox gene originally identified at a chromosomal breakpoint in T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL). It is one of the most frequently deregulated genes in T‐ALL, although the precise role of HOX11 in leukemogenesis as well as in normal development remains obscure. To gain more insight into the functional role of HOX11, we utilized a microarray model system to characterize the gene expression network that it directs. Using one of our T‐ALL cell lines that had been stably transfected to express HOX11 and high‐density oligonucleotide HG‐U95A arrays, we identified a large number of differentially expressed genes in response to the enforced expression of HOX11. We focused on examining genes found to be up‐regulated according to the microarray analysis and selected three putative target genes, NFKB2, SMARCD3, and NR4A3, for further investigation. We could not only confirm the up‐regulation of NR4A3 by an independent method in all clones expressing HOX11, but luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that the effect that HOX11 exerted on the proximal promoter of NR4A3 was dependent on the presence of an intact homeodomain, providing support for the idea that HOX11 manifests its regulatory function via its action as a transcription factor. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene expression analysis of chromosomal regions with gain or loss of genetic material detected by comparative genomic hybridization
Authors: Meléndez Bárbara , Díaz‐Uriarte Ramón , Cuadros Marta , Martínez‐Ramírez Ángel , Fernández‐Piqueras José , Dopazo Ana , Cigudosa Juan‐Cruz , Rivas Carmen , Dopazo Joaquín , Martínez‐Delgado Beatriz , Benítez Javier 
Published: September 2004

AbstractComparative genomic hybridization (CGH) has been widely used to detect copy number alterations in cancer and to identify regions containing candidate tumor‐responsible genes; however, gene expression changes have been described only in highly amplified regions (amplicons). To study the overall impact of slight copy number changes on gene expression, we analyzed 16 T‐cell lymphomas by using CGH and a custom‐designed cDNA microarray containing 7,657 genes and expressed sequence tags related to tumorigenesis. We evaluated mean gene expression and variability within CGH‐altered regions and explored the relationship between the effects of the gene and its position within these regions. Minimally overlapping CGH candidate areas (6q25, 13q21–q22, and 19q13.1) revealed a weak relationship between altered genomic content and gene expression. However, some candidate genes showed modified expression within these regions in the majority of tumors; these candidate genes were evaluated and confirmed in another independent series of 23 T‐cell lymphomas by use of the same cDNA microarray and by FISH on a tissue microarray. When all the CGH regions detected for each tumor were considered, we found a significant increase or decrease in the mean expression of the genes contained in gained or lost regions, respectively. In addition, we found that the expression of a gene was dependent not only on its position within an altered region but also on its own mechanism of regulation: genes in the same altered region responded very differently to the gain or loss of genetic material. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the Genes, Chromosomes, and Cancer website at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045‐2257/suppmat/index.html. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distinguishing between naturally and culturally flaked cobbles: A test case from Alberta, Canada
Authors: Gillespie Jason David , Tupakka Susan , Cluney Christine 
Published: September 2004

AbstractDistinguishing between naturally and culturally produced, simply flaked cobbles has been a problem for proponents of a pre‐Clovis occupation in the Americas. Several sites in Alberta have been assigned a pre‐Clovis status based on the presence of simply flaked cobbles found in Late Pleistocene till deposits. Historically, these types of assemblages have been assigned a cultural status based on subjective criteria and appeals to the analyst's expertise. To determine the archaeological status of two such assemblages from Alberta (Varsity Estates and Silver Springs), they were compared to a known natural assemblage and two known cultural assemblages. Chi‐square testing was used to evaluate several lithic attributes. Only those attributes that statistically differentiated between natural and cultural assemblages were used for further analyses. All cobbles were then scored using these attributes. A point was awarded when a statistically significant attribute of human‐manufacture was present. These points were then totaled, providing an aggregate score for each cobble. These scores were plotted to determine whether the test assemblages had closer affinities with the known natural or known cultural assemblages. The results indicate that the proposed pre‐Clovis assemblages have closer affinities to known natural assemblages than to cultural assemblages. Our results suggest that these sites provide no evidence for a pre‐Clovis occupation in the Americas. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Re‐creation of the 1744 Heylyn and Frye ceramic patent wares using Cherokee clay: Implications for raw materials, kiln conditions, and the earliest English porcelain production
Authors: Ramsay W.R.H. , Hill G.R. , Ramsay E.G. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractPorcelain wares have been produced following the directions contained in the Heylyn and Frye patent of 1744, using Cherokee clay and a lime‐alkali glass frit. The wares were fired to the bisque (˜ 950°C), glazed using a clay‐glass mixture, and then fired to a “heat‐work” level of Orton cone 9–90° deflection at 150°C per hour (1279°C). Modal mineralogy comprises Caplagioclase and two glass phases, one relict frit and the other a melt phase. The bulk chemistry of the body comprises 64.3 wt % SiO2, 21.7 wt % Al2O3, and 5.6 wt % CaO. Molecular ratios are SiO2:Al2O3 5.0 and SiO2:CaO 10.7. It is concluded that the patent, whose significance has been questioned over many years, was a practical working recipe, that close comparison may be made with porcelains of the “A”‐marked group, and that the patent represents a remarkable landmark in English ceramic history. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Triple‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of Ginkgo biloba in sexual dysfunction due to antidepressant drugs
Authors: Wheatley David 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA triple‐blind (investigator, patient, statistician), randomized, placebo‐controlled, trial of Ginkgo biloba 240 mg daily was carried out. Following a 1‐week control, it was given to 24 patients with sexual impairment due to antidepressant drugs. Efficacy analysis was carried out on eight males and five females on placebo and six males and five females on Ginkgo, completing the full 12 weeks of treatment. Not included were three subjects who dropped out after 6 weeks. A validated, sex (gender)‐orientated questionnaire was recorded at − 1, 0, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks, and a non‐blind follow‐up for a further 6‐weeks on Ginkgo. Hamilton anxiety and depression ratings were made at 0, 6 and 12 weeks and simple global assessments of alertness and memory. There were some spectacular individual responses in both groups, but no statistically significant differences, and no differences in side‐effects. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antipsychotic drugs and risk of type 2 diabetes: An evidence‐based approach
Authors: Bellantuono Cesario , Tentoni Luigi , Donda Pietro 
Published: September 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo review studies conducted to evaluate the risk of type 2 diabetes in patients treated with different antipsychotic drugs (AP).Methodsa MEDLINE search (January 1985–February 2003) was conducted to establish the potential relationship between the exposure to AP (conventional and second generation) and the development of type 2 diabetes. Studies were classified according to their experimental design as prospective and retrospective (incidence and prevalence based).ResultsTwenty‐one studies were selected: nine prospective and eleven retrospective.Data Synthesis and ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia treated with different AP have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared with the general population. The data so far available, however, do not establish whether the increasing risk of developing diabetes is a function of the schizophrenia itself or is induced by the antipsychotic treatment. A number of methodological flaws in the study design and data collection do not allow conclusions to be drawn on the risk between patients treated with conventional drugs versus those treated with new ones. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of methadone and its role in fatalities
Authors: Corkery John M. , Schifano Fabrizio , Ghodse A. Hamid , Oyefeso Adenekan 
Published: September 2004

AbstractMethadone is a synthetic opioid, used both as an analgesic in severe pain relief and now mainly in the treatment of opiate dependence. Such use of the drug has increased as its advantages have become widely recognized. There are undesirable outcomes from its greater use, including a substantial market in diverted methadone and a high number of deaths where the drug has been implicated. It is important to understand how and why methadone causes death so that such fatalities can be minimized, and to disseminate such information. This paper presents an overview of the chief effects of methadone on the human body, considering its metabolism, drug interactions and tolerance. The principal mechanisms by which methadone causes death are discussed: respiratory depression, aspiration of vomit, pulmonary oedema, bronchopneumonia, cardiac problems and renal failure. Many such deaths are preventable, if drug interactions and polydrug use are avoided, its longer period of metabolism and individuals' tolerance levels are considered. It is hoped that this paper will (a) help guide health professionals in their management and treatment of patients participating in methadone treatment programmes, and (b) provide some basic information for those dealing with individuals who have consumed methadone. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abrasive water jet cutting as a new procedure for cutting cancellous bone—In vitro testing in comparison with the oscillating saw
Authors: Schwieger Karsten , Carrero Volker , Rentzsch Reemt , Becker Axel , Bishop Nick , Hille Ekkehard , Louis Hartmut , Morlock Michael , Honl Matthias 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe quality of bone cuts is assessed by the accuracy and biological potency of the cut surfaces. Conventional tools (such as saws and milling machines) can cause thermal damage to bone tissue. Water jet cutting is nonthermal; that is, it does not generate heat. This study investigates whether the abrasive jet cutting quality in cancellous bone with a biocompatible abrasive is sufficient for the implantation of endoprostheses or for osteotomies. Sixty porcine femoral condyles were cut with an abrasive water jet and with an oscillating saw. α‐lactose‐monohydrate was used as a biocompatible abrasive. Water pressure (pW = 35 and 70 MPa) and abrasive feed rate (ṁ = 0.5, 1, and 2 g/s) were varied. As a measure of the quality of the cut surface the cutting gap angle (δ) and the surface roughness (Ra) were determined. The surface roughness was lowest for an abrasive feed rate of ṁ = 2 g/s (jet direction: 39 ± 16 μm, advance direction: 54 ± 22 μm). However, this was still significantly higher than the surface roughness for the saw group (jet direction: 28 ± 12 μm, advance direction: 36 ± 19 μm) (p < 0.001 for both directions). At both pressure levels the greatest cutting gap angle was observed for a mass flow rate of ṁ = 1 g/s (pW = 35 MPa: δ = 2.40 ± 4.67°; pW = 70 MPa: δ = 4.13 ± 4.65°), which was greater than for ṁ = 0.5 g/s (pW = 35 MPa: δ = 1.63 ± 3.89°; pW = 70 MPa: δ = 0.36 ± 1.70°) and ṁ = 2 g/s (pW =70 MPa: δ = 0.06 ± 2.40°). Abrasive water jets are suitable for cutting cancellous bone. The large variation of the cutting gap angle is, however, unfavorable, as the jet direction cannot be adjusted by a predefined value. If it is possible to improve the cutting quality by a further parameter optimization, the abrasive water jet may be the cutting technique of the future for robotic usage. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 71B: 223–228, 2004
Effect of a bisphosphonate, disodium pamidronate, on the quasi‐static flexural properties of Palacos R acrylic bone cement
Authors: Zenios M. , Nokes L. , Galasko C. S. B. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAseptic loosening is a major complication of joint replacements and is thought to be associated with a heavy macrophage infiltrate in response to wear particles. Bisphosphonates are compounds known to inhibit osteoclastic activity and are used to reduce osteolysis in Paget's disease, osteoporosis, and metastatic bone disease. Oral bisphosphonates have also been used to decrease osteolysis and therefore prevent aseptic loosening of joint replacements. It has been suggested that bisphosphonates mixed in bone cement can reduce bone resorption in joint replacement surgery. This would be an excellent therapeutic option to prevent or control osteolysis. The present aim was to study the mechanical properties of a commercially available acrylic bone cement, Palacos R, mixed with the bisphosphonate pamidronate. The liquid monomer of Palacos R was mixed with liquid pamidronate. Two groups of bone‐cement strips were produced, one with added pamidronate and one without. The flexural properties of the cement strips were examined. A significant reduction in both the bending modulus and bending strength of the specimens with added pamidronate was found. In conclusion, the use of liquid pamidronate mixed with the acrylic bone cement Palacos R in order to reduce osteolysis is not recommended because of its effect on the mechanical properties of Palacos R. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 71B: 322–326, 2004
Characteristics of ovine articular chondrocytes in a three‐dimensional matrix consisting of different crosslinked collagen
Authors: Dorotka Ronald , Toma Cyril D. , Bindreiter Ulrich , Zehetmayer Sonja , Nehrer Stefan 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the (ultra‐) morphology, biochemical behavior, and activity of ovine chondrocytes seeded on a matrix consisting of three types of collagen (I, II, III) with two different degrees of UV crosslinking. Ovine articular chondrocytes were isolated from stifle joints and seeded on both types of UV‐crosslinked collagen matrices, as well as on non‐crosslinked sponges, and cultured for 12 h, 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days. Histological analysis, electron microscopy, biochemical assays for glycosaminoglycans, and real‐time quantitative PCR for collagens were performed for cell‐seeded and unseeded matrices. There was no dramatic difference in the morphology and bioactivity of the cells; however, concerning handling characteristics and integrative stability, both types of crosslinked sponges were superior to non‐crosslinked constructs. The results demonstrate that ovine articular chondrocytes express their phenotype in a sponge consisting of collagen; furthermore, because of mechanical reasons, non‐crosslinked matrices cannot be recommended for implantationin vivo. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 72B: 27–36, 2005
In vitro evaluation of orthopedic composite cytotoxicity: Assessing the potential for postsurgical production of hydroxyl radicals
Authors: DiCicco Michael , Compton Ryan , Jansen‐Varnum Susan A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractHydroxyl radical (·OH)‐induced inflammation is a primary mode for in vivo cytotoxicity. A legitimate concern is whether particulate wear debris from orthopedic composites can stimulate inflammation via ferrous ion (Fe2+)‐mediated production of ·OH. The purpose of this research was to utilize electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping in investigating and comparing the potential for postsurgical cytotoxicity induced specifically by ·OH in the presence of two composites: Simplex P® and the novel, hybrid, CORTOSS™. Cytotoxicity is evaluated based on the composites competitively chelating catalytic Fe2+ or readily reducing ferric ions (Fe3+), in facilitating the Fenton reaction (FR). ·OH that are produced were then validated by a radical scavenger to confirm a genuine radical signal and mechanism. Spin adduct peak areas decreased in the presence of CORTOSS as opposed to increasing in the presence of Simplex P, evaluated against their respective controls. A plausible theory elucidating this finding is that CORTOSS may sequester the Fe form, by virtue of its monomers. Principally, direct comparison of composites indicated that Simplex P had greater tendency to produce ·OH, yielding 25.6 and 48.7% greater spin adduct peak areas when chelated and non‐chelated Fe2+ are used, respectively. Moreover, the rate of FR accelerated when chelated Fe2+ was used, leading to the formation of a ternary complex with the composites. This was more prominent in Simplex P, as coordination of chelated Fe2+ occurs on its surface via an electrostatic attraction to allow a seventh coordination site for ligand exchange in the ternary complex, stabilized by Ba2+. Conversely, the silica found in CORTOSS possesses radical quenching abilities that deactivate generated ·OH in impeding the efficiency of FR. Neither composite demonstrated a capacity to readily reduce Fe3+ to the relevant Fe2+, as validated by a non‐radical pathway. Instead, the artificial spin adduct signal attained when employing chelated Fe3+ was due to the nucleophilic addition of water onto DMPO. Simplex P may also serve as a template for surface catalysis of the nucleophilic addition of water onto DMPO involving chelated Fe3+. CORTOSS is thought not to induce cytotoxicity, whereas the propensity of Simplex P in promoting Fenton chemistry is a serious issue that must be addressed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 72B: 146–155, 2005
Stressful life event experiences of homeless adults: A comparison of single men, single women, and women with children
Authors: Zugazaga Carole 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis article describes stressful life events experienced by a multi‐shelter sample of 162 homeless adults in the Central Florida area. Participants included homeless single men (n = 54), homeless single women (n = 54), and homeless women with children (n = 54). Subjects were interviewed with a modified version of the List of Threatening Experiences (Brugha & Cragg, 1990). Findings indicate that the two groups of women were more likely to have been both physically and sexually abused as children than single men. Single women were more likely to have experienced sexual violence over the age of 18, experienced domestic violence, and been hospitalized in a psychiatric facility. Single men were more likely to have abused drugs and alcohol, and to have been incarcerated. Women with children were more likely to have lived in foster care. Overall, single women experienced significantly more stressful life events than single men and women with children. These findings suggest that the three groups are unique and would benefit from prevention and/or treatment approaches developed for the specific subgroup. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 32: 643–654, 2004.