bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The absorption of α-tocopherol in man
Authors: Kelleher J. , Losowsky M. S. 
Published: May 2005

1. Physiological oral doses of DL [5-Me-3H]α-tocopherol were administered to fasting subjects with various disease states, with and without steatorrhoea, and net absorption was calculated by measurement of faecal unabsorbed radioactivity. In each subject studied more than 70% of the faecal radioactivity was excreted as unchanged α-tocopherol.2. α-Tocopherol absorption was significantly less in subjects with steatorrhoea (mean 59.4%, range 31–83%) than in those without steatorrhoea (mean 72.4%, range 51–86%). Nineteen out of twenty-four subjects with steatorrhoea absorbed less than 65% of the α-tocopherol dose, while twenty-two out of twenty-six subjects without steatorrhoea absorbed more than 65%. There was a significant correlation between the severity of steatorrhoea and α-tocopherol absorption. In a wide range of diseases steatorrhoea appeared to be the common factor associated with a decrease in α-tocopherol absorption; however, in subjects after gastric surgery α-tocopherol absorption was often low even in the absence of steatorrhoea, and this may be an important factor in explaining the high incidence of vitamin E deficiency in such patients.3. Radioactivity in the plasma was maximal 6–12 h after dosing. Plasma radioactivity curves were significantly lower in patients with steatorrhoea than in those without steatorrhoea, but there was considerable overlap. In some patients with severe deficiency and severe steatorrhoea there was no detectable plasma response even with considerable absorption of up to 40% of the administered dose. Three patients with severe dietary deficiency of the vitamin and no steatorrhoea also showed a decreased plasma radioactivity.4. Three subjects were studied twice, initially when deficient in α-tocopherol and a second time after repletion with α-tocopherol acetate. There was no evidence for a compensatory mechanism to increase α-tocopherol absorption in α-tocopherol deficiency.5. A small quantity of the administered dose (almost always less than 6%) was excreted in the urine.
An apparatus for the regulation of the food supply to rats
Authors: Quaterman J. , Williams R. B. , Humphries W. R. 
Published: May 2005

1. An apparatus is described for supplying small amounts of food to rats uniformly and continuously.2. The apparatus consists of a Perspex disc carrying a groove containing food, which is rotated once each day by an electric motor. Access of rats to the food is restricted by suitably placed baffles.
Changes in the plasma concentrations of free amino acids in relation to egg formation in the hen
Authors: Taylor T. G. , Waring J. J. , Scougall R. K. 
Published: May 2005

1. The changes occurring in the free amino acids of the plasma of laying hens in relation to egg formation have been investigated in fed and starved hens in three experiments, each with eight birds.2. The mean concentrations of most amino acids and of the totals were higher at night than in the morning.3. In general, egg formation was associated with increases in the concentrations of non- essential and decreases in the concentrations of essential amino acids. Cystine and glutamic acid tended to behave like the essential amino acids.4. After 40 h starvation seven amino acids, particularly serine, histidine and lysine, in- creased in concentration and only three, proline, ornithine and arginine, decreased significantly.5. When eight cocks were injected with oestrogen most of the amino acids increased in con-centration. The essential amino acids (with the exception of phenylalanine), serine, proline, cystine and ornithine showed the greatest increases.6. The results are discussed in relation to the possibility that the voluntary food intake of hens may be influenced by changes in the plasma levels of one or more essential amino acids associated with the synthesis of egg albumen. Arginine appeared to be the only amino acid that might possibly fulfil this role.7. It was concluded that investigations of changes in the free amino acids of hen plasma are unlikely to provide a useful approach to a study of the amino acid requirements or the nutritive value of particular proteins for egg production.
Artificial rearing of pigs
Authors: Braude R. , Keal H. D. , Newport M. J. 
Published: May 2005

1. Protein and energy requirements of pigs weaned at 2 d of age were studied. In Expt 1, three diets with crude protein (CP; nitrogen × 6.38) and fat contents (g/kg dry matter (DM)) of 268, 260 (diet A); 216, 415 (diet B) and 264, 405 (diet C) were compared, with and without a supplement of 2 g DL-methionine/kg. Diets A and B contained skim milk and soya-bean oil only, in different proportions. Casein was added to diet C to equalize the CP content to that of diet A. In Expt 2, diets containing 290 or 315 g CP/kg DM were used with either 310 or 405 g fat/kg. The diets contained different proportions of skim milk, soya-bean oil and casein. The same diets as used in Expt 2 were used in Expt 3 but fed to a scale based on live weight which was 25% less than that used in Expts 1 and 2.2. Methionine supplementation had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on the growth rate or feed: gain ratio of pigs from 2 to 28 d of age. The growth rate of the pigs from 2 to 28 d of age was significantly (P< 0.05) reduced when they were given the higher level of either CP or fat, with the exception that the effect of level of fat was not significant (P> 0.05) in Expt 3. The reduction in growth rate was associated with a decrease in feed intake. Feed: gain ratios were unaffected (P> 0.05) by the level of either CP or fat in the diet.3. The higher protein level did increase the proportion of CP in the carcass DM (Expt 2P< 0.01, Expt 3P> 0.05) and gave an indication, which was not significant (P> 0.05), of improved N retention (g/d per kg live weight). The higher dietary fat level increased the proportion of lipid in the carcass DM, and this effect was significant (P< 0.05) in both Expts 2 and 3.4. Diets containing additional casein were not fully consumed at the level of feeding used in Expt 2. This effect may be associated with the larger amounts of digesta in the stomachs of these pigs. Some differences in the composition of the digesta in the stomach were observed, but these did not affect the performance of the pigs.5. It seems unlikely that either growth rate or feed:gain ratio (g DM consumed/g live-weight gain) can be improved by protein or energy levels exceeding those in a diet containing (g/kg DM) 730 skim milk (265–290 CP) and 310 fat. In this diet, containing (g/kg DM) 6.4 methionine and 3.5 cystine, sulphur amino acid requirements were satisfied.
Effect of fat supplementation on voluntary food intake and rumen metabolism in sheep
Authors: Kowalczyk J. , ørskov E. R. , Robinson J. J. , Stewart C. S. 
Published: May 2005

1. In an experiment in which a high-fat supplement was given in the dry form to lambs offered dried grassad lib., both the voluntary intake and digestibility of the dried grass were reduced. When the high-fat supplement was given in a liquid suspension so that the rumen was by-passed, the voluntary intake and digestibility of the dried grass were not significantly altered.2. The effect of injecting an emulsion of tallow into the rumen of sheep on rumen metabolism was studied in another experiment. Increasing the fat supplementation lowered the rate of digestion of both dried grass and cotton thread, lowered markedly the concentration of rumen ammonia, and raised the proportion of propionic acid in the rumen.
Megadosage of ascorbic acid in an Antarctic expedition
Authors: Gormly P. J. 
Published: May 2005

1. No difference in health was observed between men on megadosage of ascorbic acid and controls during the year of an Antarctic expedition.2. All men appeared to have a satisfactory intake of ascorbic acid throughout the year.3. There was a statistically significant decrease in excretion of ascorbic acid by men on megadosage over the year, and by the controls.4. The decline in excretion by the control group may be explained by dietary change, but the decline in those on megadosage may be due to altered handling of ascorbic acid by the body.5. No complications due to megadosage of ascorbic acid were observed.
DRP1A Is Responsible for Vascular Continuity Synergistically Working with VAN3 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Sawa Shinichiro , Koizumi Koji , Naramoto Satoshi , Demura Taku , Ueda Takashi , Nakano Akihiko , Fukuda Hiroo 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
In most dicotyledonous plants, vascular tissues in the leaf have a reticulate venation pattern. We have isolated and characterized an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant defective in the vascular network defective mutant, van3. van3 mutants show a discontinuous vascular pattern, and VAN3 is known to encode an ADP-ribosylation-factor-GTPase-activating protein that regulates membrane trafficking in the trans-Golgi network. To elucidate the molecular nature controlling the vein patterning process through membrane trafficking, we searched VAN3-interacting proteins using a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) two hybrid system. As a result, we isolated the plant Dynamin-Related Protein 1A (DRP1A) as a VAN3 interacting protein. The spatial and temporal expression patterns of DRP1A∷GUS and VAN3∷GUS were very similar. The subcellular localization of VAN3 completely overlapped to that of DRP1A. drp1a showed a disconnected vascular network, and the drp1a mutation enhanced the phenotype of vascular discontinuity of the van3 mutant in the drp1a van3 double mutant. Furthermore, the drp1 mutation enhanced the discontinuous vascular pattern of the gnom mutant, which had the same effect as that of the van3 mutation. These results indicate that DRP1 modulates the VAN3 function in vesicle budding from the trans-Golgi network, which regulates vascular formation in Arabidopsis.
Antigen-sensitized CD4+CD62Llow memory/effector T helper 2 cells can induce airway hyperresponsiveness in an antigen free setting
Authors: Nakagome Kazuyuki , Dohi Makoto , Okunishi Katsuhide , To Yasuo , Sato Atsushi , Komagata Yoshinori , Nagatani Katsuya , Tanaka Ryoichi , Yamamoto Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Background
Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is one of the most prominent features of asthma, however, precise mechanisms for its induction have not been fully elucidated. We previously reported that systemic antigen sensitization alone directly induces AHR before development of eosinophilic airway inflammation in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation, which suggests a critical role of antigen-specific systemic immune response itself in the induction of AHR. In the present study, we examined this possibility by cell transfer experiment, and then analyzed which cell source was essential for this process.

Methods
BALB/c mice were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) twice. Spleen cells were obtained from the mice and were transferred in naive mice. Four days later, AHR was assessed. We carried out bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) to analyze inflammation and cytokine production in the lung. Fluorescence and immunohistochemical studies were performed to identify T cells recruiting and proliferating in the lung or in the gut of the recipient. To determine the essential phenotype, spleen cells were column purified by antibody-coated microbeads with negative or positive selection, and transferred. Then, AHR was assessed.

Results
Transfer of spleen cells obtained from OVA-sensitized mice induced a moderate, but significant, AHR without airway antigen challenge in naive mice without airway eosinophilia. Immunization with T helper (Th) 1 elicited antigen (OVA with complete Freund's adjuvant) did not induce the AHR. Transferred cells distributed among organs, and the cells proliferated in an antigen free setting for at least three days in the lung. This transfer-induced AHR persisted for one week. Interleukin-4 and 5 in the BAL fluid increased in the transferred mice. Immunoglobulin E was not involved in this transfer-induced AHR. Transfer of in vitro polarized CD4+ Th2 cells, but not Th1 cells, induced AHR. We finally clarified that CD4+CD62Llow memory/effector T cells recruited in the lung and proliferated, thus induced AHR.

Conclusion
These results suggest that antigen-sensitized memory/effector Th2 cells themselves play an important role for induction of basal AHR in an antigen free, eosinophil-independent setting. Therefore, regulation of CD4+ T cell-mediated immune response itself could be a critical therapeutic target for allergic asthma.
Fat graft myringoplasty: a cost-effective but underused procedure
Authors: Ozgursoy O B , Yorulmaz I 
Published: May 2005

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the success of fat graft myringoplasty and to discuss the utilities and advantages of a fat graft in primary versus revision myringoplasties.Methods: Eighteen patients who had not had previous otological surgery, and twelve patients whose tympanic membrane perforations have persisted despite myringoplasty with temporalis fascia were included in this prospective clinical trial. All patients were treated by fat graft myringoplasty and followed up for one year.Results: Successful closure of the perforation was obtained in 82.4 per cent of the ears at the final follow up. The success rate in the group of patients who had not had previous otological surgery was higher than those of revision cases.Conclusions: Adipose tissue provides the basic requirements for grafting of the tympanic membrane, with its own favourable characteristics. Fat graft myringoplasty is a cost-effective alternative in small perforations of the tympanic membrane, including revision cases.
Kompositionsfasern aus Polyethylen und Polyethylenterephthalat
Authors: Dimov K. , Stojanov St. , Georgiev J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractEs wurde ein positiver Einfluß des Zusatzes von ε‐Caprolactam auf die Dispergierung der Komponenten und das Faserbildungsvermögen aus der Dispersionsschmelze festgestellt. Die Wechselwirkung in der Dispersionsschmelze bei beiden Komponenten wurde untersucht. Es wurde gefunden, daß der auf den Thermogrammen beobachtete exotherme Peak im Bereich von 200 bis 210°C einem Abbauprozeß des Polyethylens und der chemischen Wechselwirkung zwischen Polyethylen und Polyethylenterephthalat zuzuschreiben ist. Die technologischen Parameter zur Herstellung von PE‐PETP‐Kompositionsfasern unter Laborbedingungen wurden ermittelt. Die erhaltenen Fasern können mechanisch fibrilliert werden.
Permanent‐antielektrostatische Modifizierung von Polyacrylnitril‐Faserstoffen mit Blockcopolyetherester. 2. Mitt.: Antielektrostatische Eigenschaften modifizierter Fäden
Authors: Albrecht W. , Gröbe V. , Klug P. , Makschin W. , Mann G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBlockcopolyetherester werden Polyacrylnitril‐Spinnlösungen zugesetzt und die erhaltenen Fäden hinsichtlich ihres Leitfähigkeitsverhaltens charakterisiert. Wie die Ergebnisse zeigen, stellen Blockcopolyetherester für naßersponnene PAN‐Fasern geeignete antielektrostatische Modifikatoren dar. Dabei besitzen die Koagulationsbedingungen einen signifikanten Einfluß auf die Permanenz des Modifiziereffektes. Die Ursache wird aufgezeigt.
Polymere Derivate des Hydrazins mit NN und NN‐Bindungen in der Seitenkette. Fortschrittsbericht
Authors: Derbišer V. E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractDie Synthesemöglichkeiten, Physikalisch‐chemischen Eigenschaften und Anwendungsbereiche von monomeren und polymeren Hydrazinverbindungen mit NN und NN‐Bindungen in den Seitenketten werden betrachtet. Beispiele von analogen Umsetzungen, Kettenreaktionen und der Ionenaustauscheraktivität der Polymere werden aufgeführt. Die Perspektiven der Anwendung der polymeren Produkte in der Chemie und chemischen Technologie, Medizin, Textil‐, Papier‐ und Lederindustrie sowie anderen Industriezweigen werden aufgezeigt.
Melting and morphology of high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) foils moulded at different temperatures
Authors: Bogdanov B. , Mihailov M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractUsing differential scanning calorimetry and light microscopy the structure of foils of two types of high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) has been studied in dependence of moulding temperature. Non‐linear relationships between melting temperatures, enthalpy of fusion and moulding temperature were established. It is shown that the moulding temperature range of PEO foils with maximum tensile strength coincides with PEO melting temperature range.
Columnar mesophases of alkylated hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronenes with remarkably large phase widths
Authors: Herwig Peter , Kayser Christoph W. , Müllen Klaus , Spiess Hans Wolfgang 
Published: May 2005

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons are model compounds for graphite and have interesting electronic and optoelectronic properties. The synthesis and preliminary characterization of hexaalkyl‐substituted hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronenes (see figure) are described. It is shown that they exhibit hexagonal columnar mesophases with remarkably large widths, e.g., 339K for R = nC12H25. magnified image
Designing of extrusion lines
Authors: Wortberg J. , Haberstroh E. , Lutterbeck J. , Masberg U. , Schmidt J. , Targiel G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe design of extrusion lines deals with the extruder and the die as well as with the down stream equipment, especially the cooling section. This paper aids in the design of these three units, regarding different aspects. The scale‐up of extruders by means of the model theory is demonstrated in its practical use with examples. Emphasis is laid on the design of series of single screw extruders with mixing‐pins and of twin‐screw extruders (scale‐up). There the adequate selection of the necessary restrictions for the compilation of model laws is discussed in detail. This is an approach to the safe machine design on the basis of model theory.The present standard of the calculation of threedimensional flow patterns in extrusion dies by means of the finite‐element‐method (FEM) is shown in order to point out how design‐aids for the die‐designer are derived from these calculations. After a discussion of application‐criteria for the FEM, examples will show possible ways of using FEM‐results.For the shaping of Y‐branches in twin‐screw machines the FEM‐results point to possible plate‐out areas and to their avoidance by geometrical modifications. The calculation of a die for a T‐profile helps to design the passages between entry and exit sections. Finally, flow coefficients for the calculation of pressure losses in different cross sections are given.The design and optimization of cooling sections, as it can be done with the aid of the actual cooling models, is shown for some important extrusion processes. Heat transfer coefficients for practical cases (film‐sheet‐, pipe‐ and parison extrusion) are presented. Examples show, how diagrams for the design and optimization of cooling sections (for example the reduction of internal stresses and warping) can be made, using a microcomputer.
Experimental study of reactive chaotic flows in tubular reactors
Authors: Boesinger C. , Le Guer Y. , Mory M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor many reactive processes, fluid mixing has a significant effect on the rate of a chemical reaction and on the quality of the product. Mixing in a chaotic flow reactor is a promising phenomenon to control and optimize chemical processes. The effect of three‐dimensional (3‐D) chaotic flow advection on mixing efficiency and on chemical reaction advancement is examined. An experimental comparison is made, for low Reynolds number flows, between two tubular reactors made of successive bends, with the same number of bends (equal to 80) mounted in different configurations : a helical configuration (for regular flow) and a chaotic flow configuration with bends in perpendicular planes. We show that the mixing and the chemical reaction (for an instantaneous bimolecular chemical reaction) are more efficient in the chaotic flow reactor than in the helical reactor. The different effects of chaotic advection, molecular diffusion and reaction are discussed in view of laboratory findings. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Product engineering for man‐portable power generation based on fuel cells
Authors: Mitsos Alexander , Hencke Michael M. , Barton Paul I. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMicrofabricated fuel cell systems are a promising alternative to batteries for man‐portable power generation. These devices are potential consumer products that constitute a more or less complex chemical process, and can therefore be considered chemical products. A great variety of potential devices are being considered in various research institutions and thus there is a need for a systematic product design methodology, including comparison of alternatives and examination of the influence of technological parameters. The design of these product/process hybrids is inherently different from macroscale process design because of the differing design specifications, objectives, and constraints, as well as the relative importance of the underlying physico‐chemical phenomena. Heat losses substantially influence the process performance, so the processes are highly spatially integrated. Consequently, flowsheet design and layout need to be considered simultaneously. In this paper we present our methodology and perform a number of case studies, including studies of scaling of the processes and effects of layout options and relevant technological parameters. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Alcoholic neuropathy: Clinical, electrophysiological, and biopsy findings
Authors: Behse F. , Buchthal F. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractNerve conduction and biopsy findings from the sural nerve in 37 patients with alcohokic neuropathy were compared with findings in 6 patients who had neuropathy associated with postgastrectomy malnutrition. Half the patients with alcoholic neuropathy had both muscle weakness and sensory loss, half had only sensory impairment, but all had electromyographic signs of denervation. Only half the patients, with or without muscle weakness, had signs of malnutrition.In alcoholics, sural nerve conduction velocity was slowed to at most 60% of normal, correlating with loss of large fibers. These findings, together with a marked reduction in amplitude of the sensory potentials, are consistent with axonal loss. Myelinated fiber counts showed loss of small and large fibers in most nerves, retaining a bimodal distribution. Signs of regeneration were rare. Segmental demyelination was found in only 0.3% of teased fibers. Electron microscopy confirmed axonal degeneration of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers.Neuropathy after gastrectomy malnutrition was clinically similar to alcoholic neuropathy. Conduction velocities were slower than expected from the diameter of the largest myelinated fibers, however, and teased fibers showed segmental demyelination. The findings are against alcoholic neuropathy being due to malnutrition and suggest a toxic action on peripheral nerve.
Ultraweak photon emission in germinating seeds: A signal of biological order
Authors: Bajpai R. P. , Bajpai P. K. , Roy D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPhoton emission from germinating gram seeds at various stages of growth exhibits a definite pattern. The pattern of emission changes when a seed is disrupted by physical processes, e. g. mechanical crushing, cooling or heating. The disrupted seeds do not grow. The change in the biological order responsible for seed growth and the observed changes in the pattern of photo emission suggest a link between the macroscopic spatio‐temporal organization and metabolic processes.