bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cover Picture: Syntheses, Structures and Redox Properties of New Macrocyclic Triazatriolefinic Pd0 Complexes and Their Polypyrrole Modified Electrodes − Application to Heterogeneous Catalytic Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reactions (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 8/2004)
Authors: Llobet Antoni , Masllorens Ester , Rodríguez Montserrat , Roglans Anna , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe cover picture shows a general cartoon of heterogeneous catalytic processes performed on Suzuki‐type cross‐coupling reactions. The submerged gear represents the hub in the system, holding the active sites of the catalysts which are triazatriolefinic palladium(0) complexes. The catalysts are anchored through oxidative electropolymerization of the pyrrole groups contained in their structures, and can be monitored through the electroactivity of additional ferrocene entities also present. Details are discussed in the article by A. Llobet, A. Roglans et al. on p. 1601 ff.
Essential oils of three Salvia species from the Pannonian part of Serbia
Authors: Malenčić Dj. , Couladis M. , Mimica‐Dukić N. , Popović M. , Boža P. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe essential oils of Salvia reﬂexa Hornem., S. nemorosa L. and S. glutinosa L., collected from the Pannonian part of Serbia have been studied. The oil content was determined gravimetrically in n‐hexane and it ranged from 0.06–0.142%. The percentage yields of oil were low, therefore investigated species could be assigned to the group of oil‐poor members of the family Lamiaceae. The essential oil composition was analysed by GC–MS. In S. reﬂexa 27 constituents were identiﬁed, 23 in S. nemorosa, and 13 in S. glutinosa. In all samples the oil was characterized by high content of sesquiterpenes. The major constituents in S. reﬂexa oil were palmitic acid (28.02%) and sesquiterpene alcohol spathulenol (22.55%), while in the oil of S. nemorosa and S. glutinosa oxygenated sesquiterpene caryophyllene oxide was the main compound, averaged 23.36% and 33.34%, respectively. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volatile ﬂavour components of mandarin wine obtained from clementines (Citrus reticula Blanco) extracted by solid‐phase microextraction
Authors: Selli S. , Kürkçüoğlu M. , Kafkas E. , Cabaroglu T. , Demirci B. , Başer K. H. C. , Canbas A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe volatile ﬂavour constituents of mandarin wine obtained from clementine (Citrus reticula Blanco) were analysed by headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) and immersion solid‐phase microextraction (Im‐SPME) coupled to GC–MS. A total of 19 volatiles, including eight esters, four higher alcohols, three monoterpenes and four furfural compounds, were identiﬁed in wine. The HS‐SPME technique showed a higher sensitivity than Im‐SPME. The major constituents found in wine volatiles using HS‐SPME were ethyl octanoate, ethyl decanoate, isoamyl alcohol, ethyl hexanoate and isoamyl acetate, respectively. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hierarchical Bayes model for random haplotype and family effects in the transmission of fragile‐X
Authors: Huggins R.M. , Loesch D.Z. , Qian G.Q. , Bui Q.M. , Mitchell R.J. , Dobson M. , Taylor A.K. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA model for the transmission of the CGG repeat sequence associated with the fragile‐X dynamic mutation in the FMR1 gene is developed. The model incorporates both haplotype and family effects on the expansion rate of the sequence. The resulting random effects model is fitted to new data, using computer‐intensive Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. The results demonstrate both the FRAXAC1‐DXS458 haplotype and family effects on the transmission of CGG repeats from mother to offspring. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hippocampal function in posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Shin Lisa M. , Shin Patrick S. , Heckers Stephan , Krangel Terri S. , Macklin Michael L. , Orr Scott P. , Lasko Natasha , Segal Ethan , Makris Nikos , Richert Katherine , Levering Jeff , Schacter Daniel L. , Alpert Nathaniel M. , Fischman Alan J. , Pitman Roger K. , Rauch Scott L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractRecent studies have reported memory deficits and reduced hippocampal volumes in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The goal of the current research was to use functional neuroimaging and a validated explicit memory paradigm to examine hippocampal function in PTSD. We used positron emission tomography (PET) and a word‐stem completion task to study regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the hippocampus in 16 firefighters: 8 with PTSD (PTSD group) and 8 without PTSD (Control group). During PET scanning, participants viewed three‐letter word stems on a computer screen and completed each stem with a word they had previously encoded either deeply (High Recall condition) or shallowly (Low Recall condition). Relative to the Control group, the PTSD group exhibited significantly smaller rCBF increases in the left hippocampus in the High vs Low Recall comparison. However, this finding reflected relatively elevated rCBF in the Low Recall condition in the PTSD group. Collapsing across High and Low Recall conditions, (1) the PTSD group had higher rCBF in bilateral hippocampus and left amygdala than the Control group, and (2) within the PTSD group, symptom severity was positively associated with rCBF in hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus. The groups did not significantly differ with regard to accuracy scores on the word‐stem completion task. The PTSD group had significantly smaller right (and a trend for smaller left) hippocampal volumes than the Control group. The results suggest an abnormal rCBF response in the hippocampus during explicit recollection of nonemotional material in firefighters with PTSD, and that this abnormal response appears to be driven by relatively elevated hippocampal rCBF in the comparison condition. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional differentiation within the medial temporal lobe in the rat
Authors: Jarrard Leonard E. , Davidson Terry L. , Bowring Beverly 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe structures that comprise the medial temporal lobe (MTL) have been implicated in learning and memory. The question of primary concern in the present research was whether the group of anatomically related structures (hippocampus, subiculum, presubiculum/parasubiculum, entorhinal cortex, perirhinal/postrhinal cortex) are involved in mediating a similar memory process or whether the individual structures are differentially involved in memory processes and/or in handling various types of information. A series of five experiments were carried out that involved selectively lesioning the main MTL structures and testing each animal on radial‐maze tasks and procedures that provided measures of two different memory processes (reference memory, working memory) and the utilization of two kinds of information (spatial, nonspatial). The structures were found to differ functionally, with the hippocampus and the presubiculum/parasubiculum being especially involved in processing spatial information, and the perirhinal/postrhinal cortex having a specific role in remembering information over a brief time period (working memory). Lesions of the entorhinal cortex failed to affect consistently either memory process or type of information handled, but they did result in impairments in learning the complex spatial discrimination requiring reference memory and in working memory involving nonspatial information. The pattern of behavioral impairments resulting from damage to these discrete MTL structures suggests that several of the structures make unique contributions to learning and memory. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Associative recognition in a patient with selective hippocampal lesions and relatively normal item recognition
Authors: Mayes A.R. , Holdstock J.S. , Isaac C.L. , Montaldi D. , Grigor J. , Gummer A. , Cariga P. , Downes J.J. , Tsivilis D. , Gaffan D. , Gong Qiyong , Norman K.A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPrevious work (Mayes et al., Hippocampus 12:325–340, 2002) found that patient YR, who suffered a selective bilateral lesion to the hippocampus in 1986, showed relatively preserved verbal and visual item recognition memory in the face of clearly impaired verbal and visual recall. In this study, we found that YR's Yes/No as well as forced‐choice recognition of both intra‐item associations and associations between items of the same kind was as well preserved as her item recognition memory. In contrast, YR was clearly impaired, and more so than she was on the above kinds of recognition, at recognition of associations between different kinds of information. Thus, her recognition memory for associations between objects and their locations, words and their temporal positions, abstract visual items or words and their temporal order, animal pictures and names of professions, faces and voices, faces and spoken names, words and definitions, and pictures and sounds, was clearly impaired. Several of the different information associative recognition tests at which YR was impaired could be compared with related item or inter‐item association recognition tests of similar difficulty that she performed relatively normally around the same time. It is suggested that YR's familiarity memory for items, intra‐item associations, and associations between items of the same kind was mediated by her intact medial temporal lobe cortices and was preserved, whereas her hippocampally mediated recall/recollection of these kinds of information was impaired. It is also suggested that the components of associations between different kinds of information are represented in distinct neocortical regions and that initially they only converge for memory processing within the hippocampus. No familiarity memory may exist in normal subjects for such associations, and, if so, YR's often chance recognition occurred because of her severe recall/recollection deficit. Conflicting data and views are discussed, and the way in which recall as well as item and associative recognition need to be systematically explored in patients with apparently selective hippocampal lesions, in order to resolve existing conflicts, is outlined. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selection correction and sensitivity analysis for ordered treatment effect on count response
Authors: Lee Myoung‐Jae 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn estimating the effect of an ordered treatment τ on a count responseywith an observational data where τ is self‐selected (not randomized), observed variablesxand unobserved variables ε can be unbalanced across the control group (τ = 0) and the treatment groups (τ = 1, …,J). While the imbalance inxcauses ‘overt bias’ which can be removed by controlling forx, the imbalance in ε causes ‘covert (hidden or selection) bias’ which cannot be easily removed. This paper makes three contributions. First, a proper counter‐factual causal framework for ordered treatment effect on count response is set up. Second, with no plausible instrument available for τ, a selection correction approach is proposed for the hidden bias. Third, a nonparametric sensitivity analysis is proposed where the treatment effect is nonparametrically estimated under no hidden bias first, and then a sensitivity analysis is conducted to see how sensitive the nonparametric estimate is to the assumption of no hidden bias. The analytic framework is applied to data from the Health and Retirement Study: the treatment is ordered exercise levels in five categories and the response is doctor office visits per year. The selection correction approach yields very large effects, which are however ruled out by the nonparametric sensitivity analysis. This finding suggests a good deal of caution in using selection correction approaches. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning about heterogeneity in returns to schooling
Authors: Koop Gary , Tobias Justin L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractUsing data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) we introduce and estimate various Bayesian hierarchical models that investigate the nature of unobserved heterogeneity in returns to schooling. We consider a variety of possible forms for the heterogeneity, some motivated by previous theoretical and empirical work and some new ones, and let the data decide among the competing specifications. Empirical results indicate that heterogeneity is present in returns to education. Furthermore, we find strong evidence that the heterogeneity follows a continuous rather than a discrete distribution, and that bivariate normality provides a very reasonable description of individual‐level heterogeneity in intercepts and returns to schooling. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why were changes in the federal funds rate smaller in the 1990s?
Authors: Basistha Arabinda , Startz Richard 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe identify two major changes in the dynamics of the federal funds rate in the 1990s. We model the desired rate in a two‐regime setting, one when the Fed makes no change and the other when the Fed is moving the desired rate to a new level. We find that the 1990s saw a longer duration in the no‐change regime as well as smaller changes in the other regime. The smaller changes were neither due to a less aggressive Fed nor due to lower volatility of the fundamentals. In fact, the Fed responded more aggressively to changes in fundamentals in the 1990s. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micropatterned surfaces prepared using a liquid crystal projector‐modified photopolymerization device and microfluidics
Authors: Itoga Kazuyoshi , Yamato Masayuki , Kobayashi Jun , Kikuchi Akihiko , Okano Teruo 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA commercial liquid crystal device projector was modified for photopolymerization using its on‐board intense light source and a precision optical control circuit. This device projects reduced images generated by a typical personal computer onto the stage where photopolymerization on a surface occurs. This all‐in‐one device does not require expensive photomasks and external light sources. However, light scattering and diffraction through glass substrates resulted in undesired reactions in areas corresponding to masked (black) domains in mask patterns, limiting pattern resolution. To overcome this shortcoming, two‐step surface patterning was developed. First, three‐dimensional microstructures of crosslinked silicone elastomer were fabricated with this device and adhered onto silanized glass substrate surfaces, forming microchannels in patterns on the glass support. Then, acrylamide monomer solution containing photoreactive initiator was flowed into these micromold channels and reacted in situ. The resultant polyacrylamide layer was highly hydrophilic and repelled protein adsorption. Cell seeding on these patterns in serum‐supplemented culture medium produced cells selectively adhered to different patterns: cells attached and spread only on unpolymerized silanized glass surfaces, not on the photopolymerized acrylamide surfaces. This technique should prove useful for inexpensive, rapid prototyping of surface micropatterns from polymer materials. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 69A: 391–397, 2004
An interactive‐synergetic approach to the assessment of personality vulnerability to depression: Illustration using the adolescent version of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire
Authors: Shahar Golan , Gallagher Elizabeth F. , Blatt Sidney J. , Kuperminc Gabriel P. , Leadbeater Bonnie J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractResearch on personality vulnerability to depression is characterized by a “main effect” approach, often at the expense of examining interactions among various dimensions of vulnerability. To compare the “main effect” and “interactive‐synergetic” approaches, we utilized data from a longitudinal study of adolescent adjustment. Focusing on dependency, self‐criticism, and efficacy, the three factors of the adolescent version of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ; Blatt, Schaffer, Bers, & Quinlan, 1992), we found support for the interactive‐synergetic approach. Dependency and self‐criticism interacted in predicting changes in depressive and internalizing symptoms (under low efficacy), and among boys—changes in internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Results illuminate the synergetic interplay among dimensions of risk and resilience in clinical research and practice. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Visualising bioprocesses using ‘3D‐Windows of Operation’
Authors: King Josh MP , Griffiths Paul , Zhou Yuhong , Titchener‐Hooker Nigel J 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe operation of bioprocesses involves handling many variables with complex interactions. The visualisation of interactions is vital if suitable conclusions are to be drawn. This paper extends the previously developed ‘Windows of Operation’ to three dimensions, enabling the effects of three parameters to be visualised simultaneously. A tool with a graphical user interface has been developed to enable the generation of ‘3D‐Windows of Operation’ and the visualisation of the effects of the variation of any three control variables. Its use is illustrated with simulations of enzyme production. A number of control variables and the effects of the imposition of constraints on the range of possible operating values are investigated. Changes in the range possible are related to the variation in specific constraints or variables. Finally, it is illustrated how these diagrams and operation heuristics may be used to select suitable operating conditions for the bioprocess. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Anaerobic biodegradation of phenol in sulfide‐rich media
Authors: Olguín‐Lora Patricia , Razo‐Flores Elías 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn the refinery industry, the washing processes of middle‐distillates using caustic solutions generate phenol‐ and sulfide‐containing waste streams. The spent caustic liquors generated contain phenols at concentrations higher than 60 g dm−3(638.3 mmol dm−3). For sulfur compounds, the average sulfide concentration was 48 g dm−3(1500 mmol dm−3) in these streams. The goal of this study was to evaluate the specific impact of phenol and sulfide concentrations towards the phenol‐biodegradation activity of a phenol‐acclimated anaerobic granular sludge. An inhibition model was used to calculate the phenol and sulfide inhibitory concentrations that completely stopped the phenol‐biodegradation activity (IC100). A maximum phenol‐biodegradation activity of 83 µmol g−1 VSS h−1 was assessed and the IC100 values were 21.8 mmol dm−3 and 13.4 mmol dm−3 for phenol and sulfide respectively. The limitation of the phenol biodegradation flow by phenol inhibition seemed to be related to the more important sensitivity of phenol‐degrading bacteria. The up‐flow anaerobic sludge bed reactor operating in a non‐phenol‐dependent inhibition condition did not present any sensitivity to sulfide concentrations below 9.6 mmol dm−3. At this residual concentration, the pH and bisulfide ions' concentration might be responsible for the general collapsing of the reactor activity. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
A model for non‐viral gene delivery: through syndecan adhesion molecules and powered by actin
Authors: Kopatz Idit , Remy Jean‐Serge , Behr Jean‐Paul 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBackgroundCell transfection requires cationic DNA complexes and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) at the cell surface. Syndecans are transmembrane HSPGs that are ubiquitously expressed on adherent cells. Their polyanionic heparan sulfate moieties are bound at the distal end of their ectodomain, thus facilitating interaction with large cationic particles.MethodsWe propose a model for cell entry involving syndecans as receptors for the DNA complexes by comparing transfection with bacteria uptake and using drug inhibition experiments along with confocal microscopy.ResultsWhen combined with results from the literature, our data suggest the following sequence of events: after initial particle binding, gradual electrostatic zippering of the plasma membrane onto the particle is sustained by lateral diffusion of syndecan molecules that cluster into cholesterol‐rich rafts. Clustering in turn triggers PKC activity and linker protein‐mediated actin binding to the cytoplasmic tail of the syndecans. Resulting tension fibers and a growing network of cortical actin may then pull the particle into the cell.ConclusionsDiversion of integrin‐ and syndecan‐mediated cell adhesion processes for particle engulfment appears to be widely exploited by animals (chylomicrons), by pathogens (bacteria, viruses) and, as suggested here, by non‐viral vectors. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adenoviral gene transfer to the neonatal rat pulmonary circulation
Authors: West James , Buchholz Mark , Fiero Allan , Tada Yuji , Fagan Karen , Rodman David 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBackgroundGene delivery to the pulmonary circulation has been studied in adult animals, but has not been extensively investigated in neonates.MethodsWe tested the ability of recombinant, replication‐defective adenovirus to transduce the pulmonary circulation when delivered by percutaneous ventricular puncture. Five‐day‐old rat pups were injected with 107 to 1010 particles (approximately 105 to 108 pfu) in 30 µl total volume.ResultsUsing RT‐PCR, we detected transgene expression in both lung and liver at all dosages. However, whereas only 1/6 pups injected with 107 particles had detectable expression, 8/9 pups in the two highest dose groups had detectable expression. In the highest dose group expression was approximately 5‐fold greater in lung than liver, though in the lower dose groups no difference between lung and liver was found. Expression decreased by only 25% from day 4 through the last time point at day 28 in lung, whereas liver expression was undetectable in 7 of 9 samples on day 28. Histopathological examination demonstrated expression both within the media of large arteries and in small, peripheral arteries and capillaries, with a concentration of expression in the most distal areas of both the lungs and liver. No evidence of inflammation was seen.ConclusionsWe conclude that the neonatal pulmonary circulation can be effectively transduced using systemic adenoviral vector injection, has more sustained expression than liver, and may be a target for therapeutic gene delivery. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The circular chromatic number of a digraph
Authors: Bokal Drago , Fijavz Gas̆per , Juvan Martin , Kayll P. Mark , Mohar Bojan 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe introduce the circular chromatic number χc of a digraph and establish various basic results. They show that the coloring theory for digraphs is similar to the coloring theory for undirected graphs when independent sets of vertices are replaced by acyclic sets. Since the directed k‐cycle has circular chromatic number k/(k – 1), for k ≥ 2, values of χc between 1 and 2 are possible. We show that in fact, χc takes on all rational values greater than 1. Furthermore, there exist digraphs of arbitrarily large digirth and circular chromatic number. It is NP‐complete to decide if a given digraph has χc at most 2. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 46: 227–240, 2004