bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individualized social niches in animals: Theoretical clarifications and processes of niche change
Authors: Kaiser Marie I , Gadau Jürgen , Kaiser Sylvia , Müller Caroline , Richter S Helene 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
What are social niches, and how do they arise and change? Our first goal in the present article is to clarify the concept of an individualized social niche and to distinguish it from related concepts, such as a social environment and a social role. We argue that focal individuals are integral parts of individualized social niches and that social interactions with conspecifics are further core elements of social niches. Our second goal in the present article is to characterize three types of processes—social niche construction, conformance, and choice (social NC3 processes)—that explain how individualized social niches originate and change. Our approach brings together studies of behavior, ecology, and evolution and integrates social niches into the broader concept of an individualized ecological niche. We show how clarifying the concept of a social niche and recognizing the differences between the three social NC3 processes enhance and stimulate empirical research.
The Eyes and Ears of Sexual Exploitation Online: Are Sex Buyers Part of the Prevention Puzzle to Reduce Harms in the Online Sex Industry?
Authors: Keighley Rachel , Sanders Teela 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
UK efforts to prevent modern slavery and sexual exploitation online include assessing Adult Service Websites’ (ASWs) moderation and prevention responsibilities. Yet little is known about the role of sex buyers, as the political rhetoric assumes they are sexual offenders within the neo-abolitionist context (Serughetti 2013). Drawing from a large-scale study looking at ASWs’ responsibilities in preventing sexual exploitation online, this article shares findings from a survey with 142 sex buyers, understanding their role in this arena. Buyers possess detailed knowledge of sex working practices and indicators of exploitation. Thus, as actors in the prevention puzzle, they are uniquely positioned to understand how regulation can assist in crime prevention but equally create unintended consequences for the consensual sex industry online.
The role of imaging in the diagnosis, staging, and management of the osteochondral lesions of the talus
Authors: Khan Imran , Ranjit Srinath , Welck Matt , Saifuddin Asif 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) represent an abnormality of the articular cartilage and sub-chondral bone. The abnormality is typically associated with trauma though the exact aetiology remains unknown. Multiple staging systems have been developed to classify the abnormality and management can vary from conservative treatment to different surgical options. Early diagnosis is essential for optimal outcome and all imaging modalities have a role to play in patient management. The aim of this article is to review the pathology, classification, multimodality imaging appearances of OLT, and how the imaging affects patient management.
In-phase and opposed-phase Dixon chemical shift imaging for the assessment of skeletal marrow lesions: comparison of measurements from longitudinal sequences to those from axial sequences
Authors: Saifuddin Asif , Ali Mohamed , Santiago Rodney , Pressney Ian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
In-phase and opposed-phase chemical shift imaging (CSI) is a useful technique for assessing skeletal lesions. This study determined the frequency of significant differences in measurements obtained from longitudinal (coronal or sagittal) sequences to those obtained from axial sequences.

Methods
Chemical shift imaging was undertaken in 96 consecutive patients referred from the Musculoskeletal Sarcoma and Spinal Oncology services for assessment of possible bone tumours as part of a standard tumour protocol, which included turbo spin echo and inversion recovery sequences. For spinal lesions, CSI was obtained in the sagittal and axial planes, while for all other sites, it was obtained in the coronal and axial planes.

Results
The study included 49 (51.0%) males and 47 (49.0%) females with mean age 42.4 years (range 2-91 years). In 4 cases, 2 individual lesions were assessed, making a total of 100 lesions. Based on typical imaging features (n = 57) or histology (n = 43), 22 lesions (22%) were classified as non-neoplastic, 44 (44%) as benign neoplasms, 6 (6%) as intermediate-grade neoplasms, and 28 (28%) as malignant neoplasms. A significant discrepancy, wherein a lesion was classified as fat-containing (% SI drop &gt;20%-25%) in the longitudinal plane, while in the axial plane it was classified as fat-replacing (% SI drop &lt;20%-25%), or vice versa, occurred in 9%-14% of cases. However, this discrepancy had no appreciable effect on overall diagnostic accuracy, which was calculated at 79% for the longitudinal plane and 75%-80% for the axial plane.

Conclusions
Significant differences in CSI measurements occur in 9%-14% of cases based on imaging plane, but with no significant effect on diagnostic accuracy.

Advances in knowledge
Radiologists should be aware that CSI measurements in different planes appear to have significant differences in up to 14% of lesions. However, diagnostic accuracy does not seem to be significantly affected.
Hegemony, Common Sense and Good Sense: A Gramscian Study of Policymakers’ Perspectives on Dealing with Poverty in Child Welfare and Protection
Authors: Decoene John William , Van Beveren Laura , Roets Griet , Roose Rudi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The existing international research on the prevalence of poverty in Child Welfare and Protection (CWP) services points to a persistent discourse of ‘pedagogicalisation’, meaning that CWP interventions often construct social problems, such as poverty, as emerging from a failing education of families, and leave the social circumstances of the families unchallenged. Although front line practitioners in CWP can exercise professional discretion in dealing with poverty, policy and organisational cultures have a crucial impact on whether their efforts to engage with the lack of adequate societal resources of families remain informal and hidden or are being supported to transform CWP’s dominant approach to poverty. This study applies a Gramscian framework to examine instances of hegemony, common sense and good sense in policymakers’ discourses on CWP and poverty. Based on a qualitative content analysis of semi-structured interviews with n = 16 policymakers of the governmental organisation on CWP in Flanders, we provide insight into the hegemonic discourses of pedagogicalisation in Flemish CWP policy. Nevertheless, our results also provide evidence of counter-narratives. Although embryonic, instances of good sense hold seeds of change based on a recognition of the impact of poverty on families and of CWP’s role to strive for social justice.
Synthesis of diamondoids through hydrogenation of adamantane-annulated arenes
Authors: Toyama Yoshifumi , Yoshihara Takaku , Shudo Hiroki , Ito Hideto , Itami Kenichiro , Yagi Akiko 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Diamondoids are cage-shaped saturated hydrocarbons whose carbon scaffolds are substructures of diamond. Despite their potential application, the availability of diamondoids has been significantly limited due mainly to the difficulty in synthesis. Herein, we report a new synthetic methodology for diamondoids. It was found that adamantane-annulated arenes, which can be synthesized by our recently developed method, can be transformed to saturated hydrocarbons by catalytic hydrogenation of arene moieties. The thus-obtained hydrocarbons are unnatural diamondoids, which are otherwise difficult toobtaine. The structural analysis and DFT calculation of the reaction mechanism were also performed to initiate exploration of the untapped synthetic chemistry of diamondoids.
Sex-based analysis of NSTEMI processes of care and outcomes by hospital: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Weight Nicholas , Moledina Saadiq , Kontopantelis Evangelos , Van Spall Harriette , Dafaalla Mohammed , Chieffo Alaide , Iannaccone Mario , Chen Denis , Rashid Muhammad , Mauri-Ferre Josepa , Tamis-Holland Jacqueline E , Mamas Mamas A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Contemporary studies demonstrate that non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) processes of care vary according to sex. Little is known regarding variation in practice between geographical areas and centres.

Methods
We identified 305 014 NSTEMI admissions in the United Kingdom (UK) Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP), 2010–17, including female sex (110 209). Hierarchical, multivariate logistic regression models were fitted, assessing for differences in primary outcomes according to sex. Risk-standardized mortality rates (RSMR) were calculated for individual hospitals to illustrate the correlation with variables of interest. ‘Heat maps’ were plotted to show regional and sex-based variation in the opportunity-based quality indicator score (surrogate for optimal processes of care).

Results
Women presented older (77 years vs. 69 years, P &lt; 0.001) and were more often Caucasian (93% vs. 91%, P &lt; 0.001). Women were less frequently managed with an invasive coronary angiogram (58% vs. 75%, P &lt; 0.001) or percutaneous coronary intervention (35% vs. 49%, P &lt; 0.001). In our hospital-clustered analysis, we show a positive correlation between the RSMR and the increasing proportion of women treated for NSTEMI (R2 = 0.17, P &lt; 0.001). There was a clear negative correlation between the proportion of women who had an optimum OBQI score during their admission and RSMR (R2 = 0.22, P &lt; 0.001), with a weaker correlation in men (R2 = 0.08, P &lt; 0.001). Heat maps according to the Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) demonstrate significant regional variation in the OBQI score, with women receiving poorer quality care throughout the UK.

Conclusion
There was a significant variation in the management of patients with NSTEMI according to sex, with widespread geographical variation. Structural changes are required to enable improved care for women.
Interposition of right internal iliac artery free-graft for left coronary artery reimplantation in adults with anomalous left coronary artery originating from the pulmonary artery: case series and long-term results
Authors: Pirk Jan , Kolesar Dushan Michael , Kovac Jozef , Ivak Peter 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Anomalous left coronary artery originating from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is an infrequent congenital anomaly. Presentation of this syndrome is rare in adults. Nevertheless, adult patients are at risk of ischaemia, arrhythmias or sudden cardiac death and always require surgical intervention. At our institution, a specific technique of interposition of the right internal iliac artery as a free-graft for left coronary artery reimplantation was used in adult ALCAPA patients. The aim of this report is to determine long-term results and experiences with this surgical technique.
Transcatheter or surgical aortic valve implantation: 10-year outcomes of the NOTION trial
Authors: Thyregod Hans Gustav Hørsted , Jørgensen Troels Højsgaard , Ihlemann Nikolaj , Steinbrüchel Daniel Andreas , Nissen Henrik , Kjeldsen Bo Juel , Petursson Petur , De Backer Ole , Olsen Peter Skov , Søndergaard Lars 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become a viable treatment option for patients with severe aortic valve stenosis across a broad range of surgical risk. The Nordic Aortic Valve Intervention (NOTION) trial was the first to randomize patients at lower surgical risk to TAVI or surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). The aim of the present study was to report clinical and bioprosthesis outcomes after 10 years.

Methods
The NOTION trial randomized 280 patients to TAVI with the self-expanding CoreValve (Medtronic Inc.) bioprosthesis (n = 145) or SAVR with a bioprosthesis (n = 135). The primary composite outcome was the risk of all-cause mortality, stroke, or myocardial infarction. Bioprosthetic valve dysfunction (BVD) was classified as structural valve deterioration (SVD), non-structural valve dysfunction (NSVD), clinical valve thrombosis, or endocarditis according to Valve Academic Research Consortium-3 criteria. Severe SVD was defined as (i) a transprosthetic gradient of 30 mmHg or more and an increase in transprosthetic gradient of 20 mmHg or more or (ii) severe new intraprosthetic regurgitation. Bioprosthetic valve failure (BVF) was defined as the composite rate of death from a valve-related cause or an unexplained death following the diagnosis of BVD, aortic valve re-intervention, or severe SVD.

Results
Baseline characteristics were similar between TAVI and SAVR: age 79.2 ± 4.9 years and 79.0 ± 4.7 years (P = .7), male 52.6% and 53.8% (P = .8), and Society of Thoracic Surgeons score &lt; 4% of 83.4% and 80.0% (P = .5), respectively. After 10 years, the risk of the composite outcome all-cause mortality, stroke, or myocardial infarction was 65.5% after TAVI and 65.5% after SAVR [hazard ratio (HR) 1.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7–1.3; P = .9], with no difference for each individual outcome. Severe SVD had occurred in 1.5% and 10.0% (HR 0.2; 95% CI 0.04–0.7; P = .02) after TAVI and SAVR, respectively. The cumulative incidence for severe NSVD was 20.5% and 43.0% (P &lt; .001) and for endocarditis 7.2% and 7.4% (P = 1.0) after TAVI and SAVR, respectively. No patients had clinical valve thrombosis. Bioprosthetic valve failure occurred in 9.7% of TAVI and 13.8% of SAVR patients (HR 0.7; 95% CI 0.4–1.5; P = .4).

Conclusions
In patients with severe AS and lower surgical risk randomized to TAVI or SAVR, the risk of major clinical outcomes was not different 10 years after treatment. The risk of severe bioprosthesis SVD was lower after TAVR compared with SAVR, while the risk of BVF was similar.
Potential Role of DNA Methylation as a Driver of Plastic Responses to the Environment Across Cells, Organisms, and Populations
Authors: Bogan Samuel N , Yi Soojin V 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
There is great interest in exploring epigenetic modifications as drivers of adaptive organismal responses to environmental change. Extending this hypothesis to populations, epigenetically driven plasticity could influence phenotypic changes across environments. The canonical model posits that epigenetic modifications alter gene regulation and subsequently impact phenotypes. We first discuss origins of epigenetic variation in nature, which may arise from genetic variation, spontaneous epimutations, epigenetic drift, or variation in epigenetic capacitors. We then review and synthesize literature addressing three facets of the aforementioned model: (i) causal effects of epigenetic modifications on phenotypic plasticity at the organismal level, (ii) divergence of epigenetic patterns in natural populations distributed across environmental gradients, and (iii) the relationship between environmentally induced epigenetic changes and gene expression at the molecular level. We focus on DNA methylation, the most extensively studied epigenetic modification. We find support for environmentally associated epigenetic structure in populations and selection on stable epigenetic variants, and that inhibition of epigenetic enzymes frequently bears causal effects on plasticity. However, there are pervasive confounding issues in the literature. Effects of chromatin-modifying enzymes on phenotype may be independent of epigenetic marks, alternatively resulting from functions and protein interactions extrinsic of epigenetics. Associations between environmentally induced changes in DNA methylation and expression are strong in plants and mammals but notably absent in invertebrates and nonmammalian vertebrates. Given these challenges, we describe emerging approaches to better investigate how epigenetic modifications affect gene regulation, phenotypic plasticity, and divergence among populations.
Putting the Catholics back in: the ‘rise of Arminianism’ reconsidered
Authors: Marshalek Kathryn 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article places the ‘rise of Arminianism’ in the context of changing state policies towards English Catholics at the European dynastic conjuncture of the early 1620s. Through an examination of theological conferences held across 1622–3, it is suggested that both Arminianism and the controversy it engendered were competitive responses from within the Church of England to counter a reversionary Catholic interest. These conferences provided the immediate context for Richard Montague’s tracts of 1624–5, the response to which is considered in terms of conflicting conceptualizations of the character of the Church of England and its relationship to the Church of Rome.
Pathways controlling neurotoxicity and proteostasis in mitochondrial complex I deficiency
Authors: Nithianandam Vanitha , Sarkar Souvarish , Feany Mel B 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders caused by dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain are common, severe and untreatable. We recovered a number of mitochondrial genes, including electron transport chain components, in a large forward genetic screen for mutations causing age-related neurodegeneration in the context of proteostasis dysfunction. We created a model of complex I deficiency in the Drosophila retina to probe the role of protein degradation abnormalities in mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Using our genetic model, we found that complex I deficiency regulates both the ubiquitin/proteasome and autophagy/lysosome arms of the proteostasis machinery. We further performed an in vivo kinome screen to uncover new and potentially druggable mechanisms contributing to complex I related neurodegeneration and proteostasis failure. Reduction of RIOK kinases and the innate immune signaling kinase pelle prevented neurodegeneration in complex I deficiency animals. Genetically targeting oxidative stress, but not RIOK1 or pelle knockdown, normalized proteostasis markers. Our findings outline distinct pathways controlling neurodegeneration and protein degradation in complex I deficiency and introduce an experimentally facile model in which to study these debilitating and currently treatment-refractory disorders.
An in-situ image enhancement method for the detection of marine organisms by remotely operated vehicles
Authors: Ouyang Wenjia , Wei Yanhui , Hou Tongtong , Liu Junnan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
With the assistance of the visual system, remote operated vehicles (ROVs) can replace frogmen to achieve safer and more efficient capturing of marine organisms. However, the selective absorption and scattering of light lead to a decrease in the visual quality of underwater images, which hinders ROV operators from observing the operating environment. Unfortunately, most image enhancement methods only focus on image color correction rather than perceptual enhancement, which in turn prevents the object detector from quickly locating the target. Therefore, a visual-enhanced and detection-friendly underwater image enhancement method is needed. In this paper, an underwater image enhancement method called in-situ enhancement is proposed to improve the semantic information of the visual hierarchy based on current scene information in multiple stages. Mapping the underwater image to its dual space allows the enhancement equation to be applied to severely degraded underwater scenes. Moreover, it is also a detection-friendly method and has good generalization in both visual quality improvement and object detection. The experimental results show that in different underwater datasets, the in-situ enhancement effectively improves the visual quality of underwater images, and its enhanced results train different object detectors with high detection accuracy.
Environmental and exergoeconomic analysis of a low-carbon polygeneration process based on biomass energy, a geothermal source and a high-temperature fuel cell
Authors: Luo Feng , Taghavi Mohammad 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
By combining renewable energy resources, we can expect higher efficiency from energy systems, which in turn can facilitate their commercialization. In addition, fuel cells are among the clean devices that provide superior performance with zero environmental pollution. Fuel cells can improve the stability of the energy conversion system by storing energy. This paper introduces and analyzes a polygeneration system driven by a biomass fuel and a geothermal source. The system consists of a high-temperature fuel cell coupled with a gasification cycle. In addition, a triple-flash geothermal cycle, a refrigeration unit, and a proton-exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer are used in the bottoming cycle. Accordingly, power, hydrogen, and cooling and heating capacities are considered as products of the system. Energy, exergy, environmental and economic analyses have been applied to evaluate the system. Besides that, the optimal working conditions of the system based on two decision-making methods have been identified. According to the findings, the outputs of power and hydrogen from the polygeneration system were equal to 3880.8 kW and 0.356 kg/h. Also, cooling and heating capacities of 2168.1 and 1534.5 kW can be obtained. Accordingly, the system will be 33.16% and 60.39% efficient in terms of energy and exergy. Further, the total emitted CO2 and product unit cost are 57.75 kg/GJ and 5.802$/GJ. According to the TOPSIS decision-making method, more optimal environmental and cost findings can be achieved than using the LINMAP method.
Dense-YOLOv7: improved real-time insulator detection framework based on YOLOv7
Authors: Yang Zhengqiang , Xie Ruonan , Liu Linyue , Li Ning 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Due to various mechanical and electrical stresses caused by changes in environmental and power load conditions, insulators may fail, resulting in serious economic losses. Manual cleaning of insulators is subject to weather and environmental constraints and poses significant safety risks. Traditional insulator detection methods have problems such as slow detection speed and poor robustness. Therefore, this paper proposes a real-time insulator detection algorithm based on the improved YOLOv7. First, in order to effectively streamline the number of parameters, Dense-YOLOv7 adopts the dense connection concept of DenseNet to design DenseBlock. Second, replacing the loss function with Focal Loss to solve the problem of unbalanced matching of foreground and background sample quantities has improved the detection accuracy of the model. Finally, to address the issue of PReLU and LeakyReLU activation functions being insensitive to spatial information, the activation function is replaced with FReLU to improve the robustness of the model. The experimental dataset used in this paper is a combination of the Chinese Power Transmission Line Insulator Dataset (CPTLID) and our own dataset. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm in this paper has only 44.23 M parameters and a detection speed of 44.87 FPS, which is 4.8% less than that of YOLOv7 and 8.14% quicker than that of YOLOv7. Experimental results show that Dense-YOLOv7 can significantly streamline the model parameter size while maintaining high accuracy and effectively improve the detection speed, which can meet the application requirements of real-time insulator detection.