bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal effects of an infusion of dobutamine hydrochloride in horses anesthetized with halothane
Authors: Young L. E. , Blissitt K. J. , Clutton R. E. , Molony V. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate temporal hemodynamic effects of dobutamine in horses anesthetized with halothane.

Animals
8 adult Thoroughbreds.

Procedure
Anesthesia was induced by IV administration of romifidine and ketamine and maintained using halothane in oxygen. After 60 minutes, dobutamine was administered IV for 60 minutes at 4 μg/kg of body weight/min. Measurements of left ventricular function were obtained by transesophageal echocardiography and cardiac catheterization.

Results
Mean, systolic, diastolic, aortic, pulmonary arterial, and left and right ventricular end-diastolic and systolic pressures, maximal rate of increase of intraventricular pressure (LVdp/dtmax), maximum acceleration (dv/dtmax) and velocity (Vmax) of aortic blood flow, cardiac output, and left ventricular velocity time integral were significantly increased, whereas left ventricular pre-ejection period and ejection time significantly decreased. Cardiac output, LVdp/dtmax, Vmax, and dv/dtmax increased throughout infusion. Heart rate was significantly less after 10 minutes and significantly greater at 60 minutes than before infusion. Supraventricular tachycardia developed in 2 horses. Cardiac output, LVdp/dtmax, Vmax, dv/dtmax, left ventricular and aortic systolic pressures, and mean aortic pressure had not returned to control values 30 minutes after infusion was discontinued.

Conclusions
At this dosage, dobutamine did not achieve peak effect on many hemodynamic variables within 40 minutes of commencing infusion, and effects of 60-minute infusion persisted after infusion was discontinued.

Clinical Relevance
Dobutamine has a hemodynamic profile suited to treatment of low cardiac output in anesthetized horses; however, sustained administration may be associated with supraventricular tachycardia and a protracted time to peak effect. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:1027–1032)
Transverse plane evaluation of the effects of surgical technique on stem positioning and geometry of reconstruction in canine total hip replacement
Authors: Schulz Kurt S. , Vasseur Philip B. , Stover Susan M. , Kass Philip H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To test whether femoral ostectomy level, subtrochanteric bone mass removal, and stem-size selection significantly affect stem positioning in canine total hip replacement, and to determine ability of the femoral stem component to restore geometry of the normal femoral head and neck.

Sample Population
Femurs from 8 adult mixed-breed canine cadavers.

Procedure
Femurs were systematically prepared, using 8 combinations of 3 surgical preparation techniques that included level of ostectomy (cervical isthmus vs lesser trochanter), subtrochanteric bone block removal, and femoral stem size (recommended, undersized). Computer-aided analysis of specimen photographs was used to evaluate femoral head offset and position and variability of femoral stem positioning for each of the preparation combinations.

Results
Original femoral head offset and position were reconstructed to within a mean of 0.052 and 0.031 cm, respectively, using an undersized femoral stem after ostectomy at the level of the lesser trochanter. Implantation of an undersized femoral stem after subtrochanteric bone block removal improved ability to centralize the distal tip of the implant and reduce the angle between the femoral diaphyseal and implant axes. Ostectomy at the level of the cervical isthmus tended to force femoral implants into a varus position, and ostectomy at the level of the lesser trochanter tended to force implants into a valgus position.

Conclusions
Geometry of normal canine femurs was most closely reconstructed by implantation of an undersized femoral component after ostectomy at the level of the lesser trochanter. Implantation of an undersized femoral component after subtrochanteric bone block removal resulted in the best alignment and centralization of the stem. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:1071–1079)
Asymmetry in placement of bilateral skin markers on horses and effects of asymmetric skin marker placement on kinematic variables
Authors: Audigié Fabrice , Pourcelot Philippe , Degueurce Christophe , Denoix Jean-Marie , Geiger Didier , Bortolussi Claude 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate asymmetry in placement of bilateral skin markers on horses and to determine effect of asymmetric skin marker placement on kinematic variables for trotting horses.

Animals
10 horses for evaluation of asymmetry in marker placement; 1 horse for evaluation of effects on kinematic variables.

Procedure
Asymmetry in marker placement was assessed by attaching markers to horses and comparing radiographs of left and right limbs. An experimental model was developed to determine effects on kinematic variables; accuracy of the model was validated experimentally. Using kinematic data from a clinically normal trotting horse as reference data, effects of asymmetric marker placement on vertical displacement-time and joint angle-time diagrams were determined by use of the model.

Results
Asymmetry of placement was < 1 cm for markers on the distal portions of the limbs and < 2 cm for markers on the proximal portions. Asymmetric marker placement did not alter general shapes of the vertical displacement-time and joint angle-time curves. In most instances, largest differences in vertical displacement attributable to asymmetric marker placement were equal to or less than magnitude of the asymmetry of placement. Alterations in joint angle-time curves were mainly a result of shifting of the curves on the Y axis. Joint range of motion was only slightly changed by asymmetric marker placement, but maximum flexion and extension angles were greatly altered.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Some kinematic variables can be greatly altered by small differences in skin marker placement. Such effects should be taken into account when evaluating kinematic data for sound and lame horses. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:938–944)
Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)
Authors: Wang Chinling , Zhang Li-Feng , Austin Frank W. , Boyle Carolyn R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To characterize Listeria monocytogenes from tissues of channel catfish for their ability to cause hemolysis and grow intracellularly in mouse macrophages.

Samples
15 isolates from processed fillets and 15 isolates from the brain, spleen, and kidneys.

Procedure
Serotype and hemolytic activity of L monocytogenes isolates were evaluated, using plate agglutination and CAMP tests, respectively. Invasiveness of L monocytogenes was determined by inoculating each strain or isolate on J774A.1 macrophage cells. Infected cells were incubated for 0 or 3 hours and lysed; then 100 μΙ of the lysate was plated onto a brain heart infusion agar plate. Colony counts for each strain or isolate were analyzed statistically.

Results
Of 30 isolates, 19 were serotype 1 and 11 were serotype 4. Mouse J774A.1 macrophages were inoculated with catfish isolates, a wild-type (EGD) or a nonhemolytic strain of L monocytogenes. Seventy-three percent (11/15) of isolates originating from catfish organs and 100% (15/15) of isolates originating from fillets were not significantly different from the wild-type EGD strain. The nonhemolytic L monocytogenes strain used as a negative control failed to replicate. Intracellular growth of all L monocytogenes isolates decreased after an additional 3-hour incubation period with medium containing 50 μg/ml of gentamicin.

Conclusions
Similar to the wild-type EGD strain, most channel catfish L monocytogenes isolates were hemolytic, serotype 1 or 4, and were invasive for mouse J774A.1 macrophages.

Clinical Relevance
L monocytogenes growth in mouse macrophages may serve as an in vitro model for determining virulence of isolates from food products or environments. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:1125-1128)
Histamine-induced gastric acid secretion in horses
Authors: Kitchen Diane L. , Merritt A. M. , Burrow J. A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine gastric secretory responses in horses treated with histamine and to determine the dose of histamine needed to elicit maximal gastric secretion.

Animals
6 adult horses with an indwelling gastric cannula.

Procedure
Gastric contents were collected in 15-minute periods, and volume, pH, hydrogen ion concentration, hydrogen ion output, sodium concentration, and sodium output were determined. Values were determined without any treatment (baseline), after administration of pyrilamine maleate (1 mg/kg of body weight, IV, given during a 15-minute period), and during 1-hour infusions of histamine at 3 rates (7.5, 15, and 30 μg/kg/h, IV).

Results
Volume and hydrogen ion concentration of gastric contents and hydrogen ion output were significantly increased, compared with baseline values, during histamine infusion. Mean hydrogen ion concentration and hydrogen ion output were significantly greater during infusion of histamine at a rate of 15 or 30 μg/kg/h than at a rate of 7.5 μg/kg/h. Sodium concentration was significantly decreased, compared with baseline value, during histamine infusion, but sodium output was unchanged.

Conclusions
Histamine at doses of 15 and 30 μg/kg/h, IV stimulated maximal gastric secretion in horses. Histamine appeared to induce only parietal secretion.

Clinical Relevance
This study provides additional information related to equine gastric physiology, which may benefit further understanding of the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:1303–1306)
Effect of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy on gastric emptying in clinically normal cats
Authors: Smith Stephanie A. , Ludlow Chris. L. , Hoskinson James J. , Butine Michael D. , Goggin Justin M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To assess the effect of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement on gastric emptying in clinically normal cats.

Animals
8 healthy adult 3- to 5-year-old cats.

Procedure
Cats were accommodated to the diet for 2 weeks prior to scintigraphy. Caloric needs were divided into 3 feedings/d. Food was withheld for 24 hours after tube placement, then was fed as a third of the caloric needs on day 1, two-thirds on day 2, and full caloric requirements thereafter. Gastric emptying was measured via nuclear scintigraphy. Labeled meals contained 111 MBq (3 mCi) of 99mTc-labeled disofenin. Sixty-second ventral scintigraphic images were acquired immediately, every 20 minutes for the first hour, then every 30 minutes for 4 hours after feeding. Each cat was evaluated 3 times prior to PEG tube placement. Cats were anesthetized, and 16-F mushroom-tipped Pezzar gastrostomy tubes were placed, using a video endoscope. Scintigraphy was repeated on days 1, 4, 7, 11, 14, and 21 after PEG tube placement.

Results
Gastric emptying was faster with a PEG tube in place. Percentage of retained gastric activity was significantly lower after PEG for 150, 180, 210, and 240 minutes versus time before PEG tube placement.

Conclusion
Placement of a PEG tube does not delay gastric emptying in clinically normal cats.

Clinical Relevance
Gastric retention of food, vomiting, and aspiration pneumonia after PEG tube placement may not be related to delayed gastric emptying. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:1414–1416)
Prediction of inherited portosystemic shunts in Irish Wolfhounds on the basis of pedigree analysis
Authors: Ubbink Geert J. , van de Broek Jan , Meyer Hein P. , Rothuizen Jan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To test validity of prediction for inherited portosystemic shunts (PSS) in Irish Wolfhounds, using nonselective clinical findings and a computerized database containing 5-generation pedigrees.

Animals
613 dogs in the first and 396 dogs in the second cohort.

Procedure
Preprandial venous ammonia concentration was measured at 6 to 8 weeks in all pups born between Jan 1, 1988 and Jan 1, 1997. Portosystemic shunts were confirmed in hyperammonemic pups, using radioisotope shunt index measurement, and diagnosis of shunting was confirmed at abdominal surgery or necropsy. Findings in dogs of the first cohort (born before Jan 1, 1992) were used to predict shunting in their offspring of the second cohort. Common ancestors of first-cohort dogs with shunts were tested for positive associations with the disease. Risk for a shunt in all second-cohort dogs was predicted on the basis of relatedness with founders and was compared with outcome of clinical screening.

Results
Prevalence of shunts in first and second cohorts was 3.1 and 2.3%, respectively. Fifteen highly related associated founders could be identified. Second-cohort dogs were classified into 6 groups of increasing predicted risk. Mean number of dogs per class was 60; number of clinically diagnosed cases ranged from 0 in the class with the lowest risk to 4 in the highest risk class.

Conclusions
Genetic risk for reproducing a PSS in Irish Wolfhounds was accurate, using the described method.

Clinical Relevance
Risk estimation provides a tool for genetic counseling, does not require knowledge of the mode of inheritance, and may be valid for any inherited disease. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:1553-1556)
Purification and biochemical characterization of pulmonary surfactant protein A of horses
Authors: Hobo Seiji , Ogasawara Yoshinori , Kuroki Yoshio , Akino Toyoaki , Yoshihara Toyohiko 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To characterize surfactant protein isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of healthy horses.

Animals
10 Thoroughbreds (5 males, 5 females; 26 to 40 months old) that did not have a history or clinical signs of respiratory tract disease.

Procedure
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained and centrifuged at 33,000 × g. Lipid was removed from precipitated fractions by means of extraction with 1-butanol, and organic solvent-insoluble protein precipitates were dialyzed against Tris buffer. The suspension was centrifuged, and supernatant was placed in a mannose-Sepharose affinity column, with calcium. The bound protein fraction was analyzed by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, western immunoblot analysis, and amino acid sequencing. A liposome-aggregation assay was also performed, using purified proteins.

Results
Protein isolated by use of mannose-affinity matrices was identified as surfactant protein A (SP-A). It had carbohydrate-binding and phospholipid-aggregation properties characteristic of SP-A isolated from other animal species. The partial primary sequence of the isolated protein had high homology with rat and human SP-A. Furthermore, the equine SP-A reacted with anti-human and anti-rat SP-A specific antibodies.

Conclusion
Analysis of these findings indicated the existence of SP-A in pulmonary tissues of horses.

Clinical Relevance
Measurement of SP-A concentrations may be useful for clinicians evaluating pulmonary disease of horses. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60: 169-173)
Reliability of taurine concentrations measured in single urine samples obtained from dogs eight hours after eating
Authors: Sanderson Sherry , Gross Kathy , Lulich Jody , Osborne Carl , Ogburn Phillip , Pierpont Mary Ella , Koehler Lori , Swanson Laurie , Bird Kathy , Ulrich Lisa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the reliability of taurine concentrations measured in a single urine sample obtained from dogs 8 hours after eating, compared with taurine concentrations measured in 24-hour urine samples.

Animals
18 healthy Beagles.

Procedure
After emptying the urinary bladder by transurethral catheterization, dogs were fed a canned maintenance diet. Approximately 8 hours later, urine, plasma, and serum samples were obtained for determination of fractional urinary excretion of taurine and urine taurine-to-creatinine concentration ratios (Utaur:Ucr). Results were compared with 24-hour urinary taurine excretion rate.

Results
Unbound and total fractional urinary taurine excretion correlated well with unbound and total 24- hour urinary taurine excretion. However, bound fractional urinary taurine excretion correlated poorly with bound 24-hour urinary taurine excretion. Unbound and total Utaur:Ucr correlated well with unbound and total 24-hour urinary taurine excretion. However, bound Utaur:Ucr correlated poorly with bound 24-hour urinary taurine excretion.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance
Fractional urinary excretion of unbound and total taurine, and unbound and total Utaur:Ucr are reliable indicators of 24-hour urinary unbound and total taurine excretion in healthy dogs. However, determination of 24-hour urinary taurine excretion is recommended for evaluating urinary bound taurine concentrations of dogs. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:186–189)
N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity in urine of cows with renal parenchymal lesions
Authors: Sato Reeko , Sano Yasuhiko , Sato Jun , Naito Yoshihisa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To measure N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity in urine of cows with renal diseases and to correlate values for NAG activity with renal lesions.

Animals
8 lactating Holstein cows and a Japanese Shorthorn cow, all of which had renal disease.

Procedure
Urine samples were collected, and urinary NAG activity and creatinine concentration were measured. The NAG activity was expressed as units per gram of creatinine (NAG index). Cows were euthanatized, necropsy was performed, and correlations between results for urinary NAG index and histopathologic findings for the kidneys were evaluated.

Results
The NAG activity and NAG index in urine samples obtained from cows with interstitial nephritis were high, ranging from 4.2 to 13.6 U/L and 3.5 to 23.0 U/g, respectively. A cow with renal amyloidosis also had high values for urinary NAG activity and NAG index. Histologic examination of the kidneys revealed various kinds of parenchymal lesions. However, urinary NAG index in cows with enzootic bovine leukosis was low.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Cows with renal diseases had high urinary NAG indexes that correlated well with their renal lesions, except for cows with enzootic bovine leukosis. Therefore, measurement of NAG index in urine samples has the potential to provide new perspectives on clinical diagnosis of renal disease in cattle. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60: 410-413)
Stress leak point pressures and urethral pressure profile tests in clinically normal female dogs
Authors: Rawlings Clarence A. , Coates Joan R. , Chernosky Adriene , Barsanti Jeanne A. , Oliver John E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To develop a stress leak point pressure (LPP) test for dogs, determine LPP for continent female dogs, and determine urethral pressure profile (UPP) values for nonanesthetized, continent female dogs.

Animals
22 continent female dogs weighing from 21 to 29 kg.

Procedure
A standard UPP test and a modification of the LPP test used in women were performed on all dogs. On 3 occasions, dogs underwent UPP testing while awake. They then were anesthetized with propofol, and LPP was measured at bladder volumes of 75. 100, and 150 ml. For LPP tests, abdominal pressure was applied by inflating a human blood pressure cuff placed around the dog’s abdomen. LPP were recorded through a urethral catheter (bladder LPP) and a rectal balloon catheter (abdominal LPP).

Results
Mean ± SD and median maximal urethral closure pressure was 110.1 ± 20.2 and 109.0 cm water, respectively. Mean bladder LPP for the 75, 100, and 150 ml bladder volumes was 172.4 cm water. Significant differences among LPP for the 3 bladder volumes were not detected.

Conclusions
Stress LPP can be recorded in female dogs. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:676–678)
Effects of oral administration of orotic acid on hepatic morphologic characteristics and serum biochemical variables in cats
Authors: VanSteenhouse Jan L. , Dimski Donna S. , Taylor H. Wayne , Swenson David H. , Taboada Joseph , Hosgood Giselle 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate orotic acid (OA) as a possible etiologic factor in cats with idiopathic hepatic lipidosis (HL).

Animals
20 clinically normal adult female cats.

Procedure
Cats were fed a control diet or a diet containing less protein. On day 1 of the control period, blood, urine, and liver biopsy specimens were obtained. Each cat was given an oral dose of water daily. On days 8, 15, and 22, blood and urine specimens were collected as on day 1. On day 29, liver, blood, and urine samples were obtained as on day 1. After a resting period of 30 to 60 days, cats were treated with orotic acid. Serum biochemical analyses, urinary OA-to-creatinine ratios, and liver biopsy specimens were evaluated. Cats were given OA orally (suspension or capsules) for 29 days. Sample collection and data obtained were identical to those described for the control period.

Results
Urinary OA-to-creatinine ratios were significantly higher in all treated cats, but ratios were significantly higher in those receiving OA in capsules than in those receiving OA in suspension. Diet or treatment did not alter hepatic biochemical or histologic variables significantly. However, 7 cats given the highest dose of OA in capsules developed azotemia, urolithiasis, and renal changes.

Conclusions
Most concentrations of OA used in this study did not induce HL in cats during a 29-day period, but the highest dosage used did result in renal disease.

Clinical Relevance
Orotic acid does not appear to be involved in the genesis of HL in cats. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:749–752)
Evaluation of commercially available Escherichia coli J5 bacterin as protection against experimental challenge with Pasteurella multocida in rabbits
Authors: Ruble Randall P. , Cullor James S. , Brooks Dale L. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the ability of commercially available Escherichia coli J5 bacterin to protect rabbits from experimental challenge with Pasteurella multocida.

Animals
40 P multocida-free New Zealand White rabbits.

Procedures
Rabbits were assigned to 1 of 4 groups of 10 rabbits each. Three of the groups were inoculated SC with J5 bacterin at 8 weeks old. Inoculation was repeated 3 and 6 weeks later. The fourth group was not inoculated and served as controls. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were given 109, 108, and 107 colony forming units (CFU), respectively. Response was monitored by titer assessment, using an E coli J5 antigen capture ELISA. Five weeks after the last inoculation, all rabbits were challenged with P multocida and observed for an additional 5 weeks. Clinical, hematologic, serologic, culture, and necropsy data were collected.

Results
Inoculation of rabbits with 109 CFU of E coli J5 bacterin-induced titers that were significantly greater than titers of rabbits vaccinated with 108 or 107 CFU or those in controls. The incidence of acute bacteremia was lower in rabbits with high titers. At necropsy, prevalence of lesions typical of P multocida was not significantly different among groups. Prevalence of histologic lesions was also not significantly different among groups.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Although the bacterin induced considerable antibody response and possibly reduced the rate of bacteremia, antibodies were not protective against long-term colonization or infection of the frontal sinuses or tympanic bullae by the challenge strain of P multocida. This bacterin in its currently available form is unlikely to aid in reducing the prevalence of pasteurellosis in rabbits. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:853–859)