bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antidiabetogenic action of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 related to administration relative to meal intake in subjects with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Gutniak M. K. , Svartberg J. , Hellström P. M. , Holst J. J. , Adner N. , Ahrén B. 
Published: March 2003

Gutniak MK, Svartberg J, Hellström PM, Holst JJ, Adner N, Ahrén B (Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; University Hospital of Tromsö, Tromsö, Norge; Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; PANUM Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Lund University, Lund, Sweden). Antidiabetogenic action of GLP‐1 related to administration relative to meal intake in subjects with type 2 diabetes. J Intern Med 2001; 250: 81–87. Objective. To establish the antidiabetogenic effect of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) when differently administered relative to meal intake in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Design. The study was a placebo‐controlled comparison with random assignment to treatment sequence. A 3‐h stepwise infusion of GLP‐1 (17 nmol) was started either at the onset of a standard meal (550 kCal) (A) or at 30 min (B) or 60 min (C) after the start of the meal. Setting. The study was conducted at a university hospital. Subjects. Eight patients with type 2 diabetes (four women and four men), age 62 ± 3.9 years (range 47–74 years), weight 79.8 ± 5.4 kg (range 62–104 kg), BMI 26.2 ± 1.3 kg m–2 (range 21–31 kg m–2), diabetes duration 10.5 ± 2.0 years (range 3–19 years) and HbA1c levels 6.1 ± 0.3% (range 4.7–7.7%) participated in the study. All patients were treated with oral sulphonylureas. Results. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 significantly lowered postprandial glycaemia by a similar degree in all three situations versus the control meal (P < 0.05). Postprandial insulin levels were not different in the four experimental series, whereas the postprandial glucagon levels were significantly lowered by GLP‐1 in (A) and (B) (P < 0.03) but not in (C). Gastric emptying, as determined by the paracetamol test, was retarded by GLP‐1 only in (A) (P < 0.01), but not affected in (B) or (C). Conclusions. GLP‐1 reduced postprandial hyperglycaemia in subjects with type 2 diabetes regardless of administration at the onset of meal intake or at 30 or 60 min after start of meal intake, although the mechanism of the antidiabetogenic action of GLP‐1 depended on administration versus meal intake. Thus, when administered at the start of a meal, GLP‐1 was antidiabetogenic mainly through retarding gastric emptying, whereas when given at 30 or 60 min after meal ingestion, changes in islet hormone secretion seem to be predominant.
ANCA‐positive periaortic vasculitis: does it fall within the spectrum of vasculitis?
Authors: Vaglio A. , Manenti L. , Allegri L. , Ferrozzi F. , Corradi D. , Buzio C. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract.  Vaglio A, Manenti L, Allegri L, Ferrozzi F, Corradi D, Buzio C (University of Parma, Parma, Italy). ANCA‐positive periaortic vasculitis: does it fall within the spectrum of vasculitis? (Case Report). J Intern Med 2002; 251: 268–271.Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a disease of unknown aetiology that has sometimes been reported in association with connective tissue disorders and systemic vasculitis. We report here two cases of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)‐positive RPF showing clinical evidence of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Although treatment with prednisone and cyclophosphamide led to a remission of RPF in both cases, renal function was restored in only one patient and the other progressed to chronic renal failure. The paper reviews the literature concerning ANCA‐positive RPF and discusses the relationship between ANCA‐positive vasculitis and RPF.
A randomized controlled trial of shared care versus routine care for patients receiving oral anticoagulant therapy
Authors: Holm T. , Lassen J. F. , Husted S. E. , Christensen P. , Heickendorff L. 
Published: March 2003

Objectives.  To evaluate the effect of a shared careprogramme (SCP), defined as a scheme based on shared responsibility, enhanced information exchange, continues medical education and explicit clinical guidelines, between general practitioners (GPs) and a hospital outpatient clinic (HOC), on oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT).Design.  The study was a 2‐year prospective, randomized, controlled trial, preceded by a 1‐year period of observation.Setting.  The HOC, GPs, and OAT patients in the admission area of Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus County, Denmark, covering 310 300 inhabitants.Subjects.  A total of 207 GPs, including their enlisted patients on OAT, were invited, and 61.4% accepted participation. They were randomized into an intervention group [group‐INT: 64 GPs and 453 patients (170 patients on OAT throughout the study period, i.e. full follow‐up)], and a control group [group‐CON: 63 GPs and 422 patients (173 with full follow‐up)]. The remaining 80 GPs served as a nonresponder group (group‐NON) of 485 patients (184 with full follow‐up).Main outcome measure.  Therapeutic control of OAT in terms of time spent by the patients within the therapeutic interval (TI) of an international normalized ratio (INR) between 2.0 and 3.5.Results.  The groups did not differ significantly with regard to age, sex, OAT indication, anticoagulant drug used, or the therapeutic control at baseline. In a comparison based on intention‐to‐treat principles, the therapeutic control increased statistical significance amongst patients with full follow‐up in group‐INT compared with group‐CON (median time within TI: group INT = 86.6% vs. 80.5%, P = 0.007).Conclusion.  An SCP of anticoagulant management is effective in reducing patient time outside the therapeutic INR interval in OAT patients randomly assigned to an SCP, as compared with a control group.
Recurrent myopericarditis in association with Crohn's disease
Authors: Hyttinen L. , Kaipiainen‐Seppänen O. , Halinen M. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract. Hyttinen L, Kaipiainen‐Seppänen O, Halinen M (Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland). Recurrent myopericarditis in association with Crohn's disease (Case report). J Intern Med 2003; 253: 386–388.Myopericarditis is a rare extraintestinal complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It has also been described as a side‐effect of the treatment of IBD. We report a 37‐year‐old‐woman with Crohn's disease who had several mild episodes of myopericarditis, two of which were associated with a pleural effusion, and two with conduction abnormalities in the atrioventricular node. During the last episode, a nodal rhythm was followed by a third‐degree atrioventricular block and a prolonged pause, resulting in loss of consciousness and convulsions. A permanent pacemaker was implanted. Our patient is also human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) B27‐positive. HLA B27 is known to be associated with conduction disturbances in the AV node. Recurrent myopericarditis can be a sign of IBD.
Smoking and relation to other risk factors in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease, with particular reference to whole blood viscosity and β‐cell function
Authors: Os I. , Høieggen A. , Larsen A. , Sandset P. M. , Djurovic S. , Berg K. , Os A. , Birkeland K. , Westheim A. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract.  Os I, Høieggen A, Larsen A, Sandset PM, Djurovic S, Berg K, Os A, Birkeland K, Westheim A (University of Oslo; Ulleval University Hospital; and Aker University Hospital, Oslo, Norway). Smoking and relation to other risk factors in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease, with particular reference to whole blood viscosity and β‐cell function. J Intern Med 2003; 253: 232–239.Objectives.  To investigate possible associations between smoking habits and other coronary risk factors in postmenopausal women with known coronary heart disease (CHD).Setting.  The study was conducted at a university clinic.Subjects.  A total of 118 postmenopausal women with CHD verified with angiography, consecutively recruited.Interventions.  Conventional treatment for CHD. The women were randomized to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with transdermal 17‐β oestradiol and medroxyprogesterone acetate, or to a control group.Results.  Smokers were younger (P = 0.005), had lower body mass index (P = 0.04) and lipoprotein Lp(a) levels (P = 0.02) compared with nonsmokers. Smokers had reduced β‐cell function (homeostasis model assessment, P = 0.006), whereas whole blood viscosity (WBV) was higher at all shear rates. WBV was not affected by HRT over a 12‐month period. Oestrone levels were higher in smokers.Conclusions.  Smoking adversely affects insulin secretion (β‐cell function) and WBV in postmenopausal women with established CHD, which could be of importance as a mechanism for the increased risk of CHD in smokers. The importance of smoking as a risk factor, overrides the effect of Lp(a), which is lower in smokers compared with nonsmokers.
Electron microscopy of interfaces in a wollastonite — tricalcium phosphate bioeutectic®
Authors: DE Aza  , Luklinska  , Anseau  , Guitian  , DE Aza  
Published: March 2003

The study investigated the morphology and structure of interfaces between a pseudowollastonite (psW) and α‐tricalcium phosphate (α‐TCP) eutectic ceramic material (Bioeutectic®) obtained by slow solidification (0.5 °C h−1) through the eutectic temperature region (1402 ± 3 °C) of the binary system.The eutectic material contained 60 wt% psW and 40 wt% α‐TCP and was composed of spherical colonies formed by alternating radial lamellae of psW and α‐TCP phases. Small quantities of impurities were found to affect the microstructure and ultrastructure of adjacent colonies. The observations showed the presence of dislocation loops and dislocation pairs in the psW phase away from the interfaces with α‐TCP. The α‐TCP phase remained defect‐free. Two types of interface were identified between the triclinic high‐temperature form of wollastonite (psW) and orthorhombic α‐TCP.In single colonies, the phases were aligned with [011¯]psW and [001¯] α‐TCP. High‐resolution electron microscopy revealed differences in morphologies between the two interfaces, and showed that the lattice planes in the interfaces were defect‐free.
Reducing chemical vapour infiltration time for ceramic matrix composites
Authors: Timms L. A. , Westby W. , Prentice C. , Jaglin D. , Shatwell R. A. , Binner J. G. P. 
Published: March 2003

Conventional routes to producing ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) require the use of high temperatures to sinter the individual ceramic particles of the matrix together. Sintering temperatures are typically much higher than the upper temperature limits of the fibres. This paper details preliminary work carried out on producing a CMC via chemical vapour infiltration (CVI), a process that involves lower processing temperatures, thus avoiding fibre degradation. The CVI process has been modified and supplemented in an attempt to reduce the CVI process time and to lower the cost of this typically expensive process. To this end microwave‐enhanced CVI (MECVI) has been chosen, along with two alternative pre‐infiltration steps: electrophoretic infiltration and vacuum bagging. The system under investigation is based on silicon carbide fibres within a silicon carbide matrix (SiCf/SiC).The results demonstrate that both approaches result in an enhanced initial density and a consequent significant reduction in the time required for the MECVI processing step. Dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry was used as a non‐destructive, density evaluation technique. Initial results indicate that the presence of the SiC powder in the pre‐form changes the deposition profile during the MECVI process.
Characterization of textured NiO films for application as buffer layers in high temperature superconducting tapes
Authors: Woodcock T. G. , Abell J. S. , Hall M. G. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryTextured NiO films have been grown, by thermal oxidation, on biaxially textured Ni substrates. The films have been characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The XRD results showed two texture components, cube texture (001)[100] and (111) with out of plane orientation only. SEM showed much inhomogeneity of grain size on the sample surface. Analysis by EBSD revealed that coarse grained regions were cube textured and fine grained regions were <111> fibre textured. The ability to correlate textural and microstructural data is crucial to the optimization of textured NiO films for use in coated conductor technology.
Axial tomographic confocal fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Heintzmann R. , Cremer C. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryBy physical rotation of the sample, axial tomography enables the acquisition of otherwise inaccessible spatial information from an object. In combination with confocal microscopy, the method can fundamentally improve the effective three‐dimensional (3D) resolution. In this report we present a novel method for high resolution reconstruction of confocal axial tomographic data. The method automatically determines the relative angles of rotation, aligns the data from different rotational views and reconstructs a single high resolution 3D dataset. The reconstruction makes use of a known point spread function and is based on an unconstrained maximum likelihood deconvolution performed simultaneously from multiple (in our case three) angular views. It was applied to simulated as well as to experimental confocal datasets. The gain in resolution was quantified and the effect of choice of overrelaxation factors on the speed of convergence was investigated. A clearly improved 3D resolution was obtained by axial tomography together with reconstruction as compared with reconstruction of confocal data from only a single angular view.
Sampling effects influence heights measured with atomic force microscopy
Authors: Heymann J. B. , Möller C. , Müller D. J. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe atomic force microscope (AFM) is an exquisitely delicate probe measuring the height of a specimen at discrete sampling points in a fixed two‐dimensional (2D) raster. The resulting topograph is a 2D digital image, with each pixel representing a distinct height measurement. The height of an object is determined as the average of the maximum heights measured above the supporting surface. We show that such object heights derived from a variety of organic samples depend critically on the sampling or pixel size of the 2D raster. It is concluded that to obtain accurate specimen heights, the pixel size must be small enough to resolve submolecular structures and thus ensure representative sampling of the height variation on the surface.
Analytical electron microscopy as a tool for accessing colloid formation process in natural waters
Authors: Mondi C. , Leifer K. , Mavrocordatos D. , Perret D. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryAnalytical electron microscopy was used to characterize aquatic iron‐rich colloids. We focused our attention on a redox transition medium in the drainage water of a peat soil. In the anoxic peat water, observations by transmission electron microscopy and associated energy dispersive analyses (TEM‐EDS) highlight the presence of spherical entities (∼100–600 nm), containing only traces of iron. The increase of dissolved oxygen concentration favours the formation of iron oxy(hydr)oxides. In the oxygenated drain, particles with the same morphology and size range are present. Statistical TEM‐EDS analyses show that they represent the only colloidal form of iron in the drain samples. Nevertheless, although Fe–K peaks appear clearly on EDS spectra, the proportion of iron in these colloids reaches at most 4% at. (whereas C + O > 90% at.). Structural information completes this study. Both electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) and electron energy‐loss spectroscopy (EELS) reveal the disparity between element distributions within the drain entities. Iron and calcium are preferably distributed on the outer sphere of the particle, whereas carbon and oxygen follow the theoretical variation of the signal intensity within a plain sphere. The implication of organic matter as nucleation site for iron precipitation is spectacularly demonstrated by the presence of nanometre‐sized iron‐rich phases highlighted by EELS line scans.
SMART – a program to measure SEM resolution and imaging performance
Authors: Joy D. C. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryIt is important to be able to measure the parameters, such as spatial resolution, astigmastism, signal‐to‐noise ratio, and drift and instability, that characterize the performance of a scanning electron microscope. These quantities can be determined most reliably by a Fourier analysis of digital micrographs from the instrument, recorded under conditions of interest. A program designed to implement all of the necessary steps in an automated manner has been developed as a ‘macro’ for the popular, and freely available, NIH Image and SCION Image programs.
Electron and light microscopy studies on the domain structures of Zn3B7O13Cl, Zn3B7O13Br and Zn3B7O13I ferroic boracites
Authors: Campa‐Molina J. , Blanco O. , Correa‐Gomez A. , Czank M. , Castellanos‐Guzman A. G. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe domain structures of Zn3B7O13Cl, Zn3B7O13Br and Zn3B7O13I boracite single crystals were studied by means of polarized light in conjunction with electron microscopy. Single crystals of the three compositions were grown by chemical transport reactions in closed quartz ampoules, at a temperature of 900 °C and were examined by polarizing optical microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For both PLM and SEM, the same as‐grown samples were used without having to resort to metallization of the crystal faces. For TEM the single crystals were crushed and mounted on holey carbon films. Comparative electron microscope images were useful for revealing the domain structure of these ferroelectric/ferroelastic materials previously observed between the crossed polars of an optical microscope. X‐ray diffraction analysis of the pulverized crystals was performed for this triad of halogen boracites containing zinc as a common metal.
Mapping cholesteryl ester analogue uptake and intracellular flow in Paramecium by confocal fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Ramoino P. , Fronte P. , Fato M. , Beltrame F. , Diaspro A. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryIn Paramecium primaurelia the uptake and intracellular flow of cholesteryl ester was studied by fluorescence confocal laser scanning optical microscopy and by the fluorescent analogue cholesteryl‐BODIPY® FL C12 (BODIPY‐CE). The BODIPY FL fluorophore has the characteristic of emitting green fluorescence, which is red‐shifted as the probe concentrates. In cells incubated with 25 µm BODIPY‐CE for 30 s, fluorescence is found in vesicles located around the cytopharynx in the posterior half of the cell. Successively, the lipid is internalized by food vacuoles, the fluorescent vesicles are distributed throughout the cell and the intracellular membranes are labelled. The food vacuole number is maximum after 10–15 min of continuous labelling, then it decreases until no food vacuoles are found in 30‐min fed cells. BODIPY‐CE accumulates in red‐labelled cytoplasmic droplets located in the anterior half of the cell. When food vacuole formation is inhibited by trifluoperazine, fluorescence is found on cellular membranes and in small green‐labelled vesicles at the apical pole. The inhibition of clathrin‐mediated endocytosis does not interfere in P. primaurelia with BODIPY‐CE intracellular flow: intracellular membranes and storage droplets in the cell anterior part are dyed. Conversely, the use of sterol‐binding drugs prevents the lipid accumulation in droplets, stopping the lipid within the cytoplasmic membranes. Furthermore, the cells treated with monensin and cytochalasin B show a labelling of the cellular membranes and lipid droplets, whereas NH4Cl reduces the lipid storage. Low temperature (4 °C) does not prevent the internalization of BODIPY‐CE that, however, is localized at the cytoplasmic membrane level and does not accumulate in storage droplets. In addition, BODIPY‐CE inhibits phagocytosis, as evidenced by comparing the kinetics of food vacuole formation of control cells, only fed with latex particles, with that of cells fed with latex particles and BODIPY‐CE. In conclusion, this study points out that in P. primaurelia the cholesteryl ester enters the cell via food vacuoles and through the plasma membrane and, inside the cell, it alters cell functions.
First tests of a dipole lens for a scanning electron microscope
Authors: Crewe A. V. , Kapp O. H. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryWe have previously shown that a dipole lens has superior properties that are particularly suited for use in a low voltage scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Tsai & Crewe, 1996). The aberrations are lower than for any other type of lens and lead to a prediction of high resolution. We describe the construction details of a microscope based on this principle and present some early results.
Role of Protein Kinases in the Prolactin‐Induced Intracellular Calcium Rise in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Expressing the Prolactin Receptor
Authors: Sorin B. , Vacher A. M. , Djiane J. , Vacher P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThere is still only limited understanding of the early steps of prolactin signal transduction in target cells. It has been shown that prolactin actions are associated with cell protein phosphorylation, Ca2+ increases, and so on. However, the link between the activation of kinases and calcium influx or intracellular Ca2+ mobilization has not yet been clearly established. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, stably transfected with the long form of rabbit mammary gland prolactin receptor (PRL‐R) cDNA were used for PRL‐R signal transduction studies. Spectrofluorimetric techniques were used to measure intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) in cell populations with Indo1 as a calcium fluorescent probe. We demonstrate that, although protein kinase C activation (PMA or DiC8) caused a calcium influx in CHO cells, prolactin‐induced PKC activation was not responsible for the early effect of prolactin on [Ca2+]i. Activation of protein kinase A (PKA) or protein kinase G did not modify [Ca2+]i and inhibition of PKA pathway did not affect the prolactin response. In the same way, phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinaseinhibition had no effect on the prolactin‐induced Ca2+ increase. On the other hand, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (herbimycin A, lavendustin A, and genistein) completely blocked the effect of prolactin on [Ca2+]i (influx and release). W7, a calmodulin‐antagonist, and a specific inhibitor of calmodulin kinases (KN‐62), only blocked prolactin‐induced Ca2+ influx but had no significant effect on Ca2+ release. Using pharmacological agents, we present new data concerning the involvement of protein phosphorylations in the early effects of prolactin on ionic channels in CHO cells expressing the long form of PRL‐R. Our results suggest that, at least in the very early steps of prolactin signal transduction, serine‐threonine phosphorylation does not participate in the prolactin‐induced calcium increase. On the other hand, tyrosine phosphorylation is a crucial, very early step, since it controls K+ channel activation, calcium influx, and intracellular calcium mobilization. Calmodulin acts later, since its inhibition only blocks the prolactin‐induced Ca2+ influx.