bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The complex relationship between smoking in pregnancy and very preterm delivery
Authors: Burguet Antoine , Kaminski Monique , Abraham‐Lerat Laurence , Schaal Jean‐Patrick , Cambonie Gilles , Fresson Jeanne , Grandjean Hélène , Truffert Patrick , Marpeau Loïc , Voyer Marcel , Rozé Jean‐Christophe , Treisser Alain , Larroque Béatrice ,   EPIPAGE Study Group,   The EPIPAGE Study Group (listed in the Appendix)
Published: December 2004

Objective  To assess the relationship between cigarette smoking during pregnancy and very preterm births, according to the main mechanisms of preterm birth.Design  Case–control study (the French Epipage study).Setting  Regionally defined population of births in France.Population  Eight hundred and sixty‐four very preterm live‐born singletons (between 27 and 32 completed weeks of gestation) and 567 unmatched full‐term controls.Methods  Data from the French Epipage study were analysed using a polytomous logistic regression model to control for social and demographic characteristics, pre‐pregnancy body mass index and obstetric history. The main mechanisms of preterm delivery were classified as gestational hypertension, antepartum haemorrhage, premature rupture of membranes, spontaneous preterm labour and other miscellaneous mechanisms.Main outcome measures  Odds ratios for very preterm birth for low to moderate (1–9 cigarettes/day) and heavy (≥10 cigarettes/day) maternal smoking in pregnancy, estimated according to the main mechanisms leading to preterm birth.Results  Smokers were more likely to give birth to very preterm infants than non‐smokers [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–2.2]. Heavy smoking significantly reduced the risk of very preterm birth due to gestational hypertension (aOR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3–1.0), whereas both low to moderate and heavy smoking increased the risk of very preterm birth due to all other mechanisms (aOR between 1.6 and 2.8).Conclusion  These data from the Epipage study show that maternal smoking during pregnancy is a risk factor for very preterm birth. The impact of maternal smoking on very preterm birth appears to be complex: it lowers the risk of very preterm birth due to gestational hypertension, but increases the risk of very preterm birth due to other mechanisms. These findings might explain why maternal smoking is more closely related to preterm birth among multiparous women than among nulliparous women.
Breastfeeding, Bed‐Sharing, and Infant Sleep
Authors: Ball Helen L. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract:  Background:  Expectations for infant sleep development and for the appropriate degree of parental proximity for infant sleep are culturally weighted and historically shifting aspects of parenting behavior, and are known to affect breastfeeding prevalence and duration. This paper examined how new parents managed night‐time feeding in the first 4 months, with a particular focus on the relationship between breastfeeding, infant sleep location, and sleep bout duration.Methods:  Sleep logs and semistructured interviews were used with a sample of 253 families in North Tees, United Kingdom, to explore how parents responded to their infant's sleep patterns, how breastfeeding parents managed night‐time feeding, and whether bed‐sharing was a common strategy.Results:  A clear relationship between breastfeeding and parent‐infant bed‐sharing was demonstrated. Some evidence indicated that bed‐sharing may promote breastfeeding.Conclusions:  An understanding of the role of infant feeding practice on infant sleep and parental caregiving at night is a crucial element in breastfeeding promotion and enhancement of infant health. Health professionals should discuss safe bed‐sharing practices with all parents. (BIRTH 30:3 September 2003)
Selected Coping Strategies in Labor: An Investigation of Women's Experiences
Authors: Spiby Helen , Slade Pauline , Escott Diane , Henderson Beverley , Fraser Robert B. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract:  Background:  Antenatal education classes offer women information about labor and birth and ways of coping with pain and emotional distress. The purpose of this paper was to describe women's experiences of using, starting, and discontinuing three coping strategies in labor that were taught in antenatal education classes.Methods:  An exploratory research design was used in which 121 women were interviewed within 72 hours of the birth of their first child. Information was obtained on why women initiated and discontinued their use of three coping strategies (breathing technique, postural changes, relaxation technique) and the reported effects of use.Results:  The effects of the coping strategies investigated varied widely among participants. Common aspects of care, changes of environment, and use of pharmacological pain relief affected women's discontinuation of coping strategies.Conclusions:  The implications of study findings for clinical practice include the need for caregivers to provide women with accurate information about the effects of coping strategies and to be alert to aspects of care that may disrupt women's use of strategies. (BIRTH 30:3 September 2003)
Reduced full‐field electroretinogram (ERG) in a patient treated with methotrexate
Authors: Ponjavic Vesna , Gränse Lotta , Stigmar Elisabeth Bengtsson , Andréasson Sten 
Published: December 2004

Abstract.Purpose:  To examine retinal function in a patient with decreased vision possibly due to treatment with methotrexate.Methods:  Ophthalmological examination included testing of visual acuity (VA), fundus inspection, fundus photography and kinetic perimetry. Retinal function was tested objectively with three electrophysiological methods: full‐field electroretinography (ERG), multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) and electro‐oculography (EOG).Results:  A 13‐year‐old boy with psoriasis arthritis had been treated with methotrexate on a weekly basis for 8.5 years. After terminating treatment, his VA, which was reduced to 0.3 in both eyes initially, improved during the following 3 years but did not return to normal. No visual field defects were found with kinetic perimetry. The rod and cone responses in the full‐field ERG were markedly reduced in b‐wave amplitude initially, but grew slowly to nearly normal values 3 years later. After withdrawal of the drug, the mfERG demonstrated normal responses in the macular region. The Arden index in the EOG was normal.Conclusion:  Chronic treatment with methotrexate may affect VA, and may reversibly reduce rod and cone function. In patients who use systemic medication and whose vision is reduced, objective evaluation of retinal function with electrophysiological methods is recommended.
Surveillance for retinopathy of prematurity in a Copenhagen high‐risk sample 1999–2001. Has progress reached a plateau?
Authors: Fledelius Hans C. , Göte Hanne , Greisen Gorm , Jensen Hanne 
Published: December 2004

Abstract.Purpose:  As part of current quality control to evaluate ophthalmic findings in the two combined central Copenhagen neonatology centres, for birth years 1999–2001, and to compare the selected sample with data of the national register for childhood visual impairment.Methods:  In a prospective design to report on 372 infants mainly under regular surveillance for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in the stratified functional unit made up by the neonatal wards of Rigshospitalet (RH) and Hvidovre Hospital (HH). The median neonate under ophthalmic surveillance in the two wards (screening limits usually 32 weeks/1750 g) was given by gestational age (GA) and birthweight (BW) values of 27.3 weeks/907 g and 30.3 weeks/1420 g, respectively. Feedback regarding outcome was secured for those transferred to regional centres.Results:  The overall frequency of ROP was 38.5% in the RH (n = 252) and 10.8% in the HH sample (n = 120). From a peak share above 60% in those < 26 weeks/750 g at delivery, the incidence of ROP showed a regular decrease with decreasing immaturity. The centralized retinal ablation therapy for advanced ROP was given to a total of 29, with birth year 2001 unexpectedly showing a peak of 17 cases. Seven of the 29 children treated are now in the register for visually impaired, mainly due to low vision. Fourteen of the 29 had been very small for gestational age.Conclusions:  Supported also by recent regional Danish data, the apparent progress in the fight against ROP over many years seems to have come to a halt. Except for the continued increased survival of extremely preterm babies we have no obvious neonatological indications to explain the suggested ‘adverse’ trend.
Surveillance for retinopathy of prematurity in a Danish county. Epidemiological experience over 20 years
Authors: Fledelius Hans C. , Kjer Birgit 
Published: December 2004

Abstract.Purpose: An updated analysis of the trends in a Danish county regarding retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), outlining its natural history over the years 1982–2001.Methods: Epidemiological data are given of the 132 infants in the county with birth years 1998–2001 prospectively under surveillance for ROP. The customary national screening limits of gestational age (GA) and birthweight (BW) of 32 weeks/1750 g were generally adhered to. The findings are compared to five previous consecutive reports of a similar set‐up, now making a total of 1123 who have been under surveillance.Results: With focus on the 20 years' newborns at a higher risk for ROP in the county (GA/BW both under the above limits;n = 591) the continuous improvement up to 1998 − as reflected by ROP frequency, its severity, and risk levels according to GA/BW − appears to have been interrupted. Compared to the previous 4‐year period, the percentage acquiring ROP in 1998–2001 increased from 10 to 31%, and four recent cases qualified for retinal ablation therapy, compared with zero in the previous 4‐year period. However, there were no advanced stages (of at least ROP 3) in infants above 30 weeks/1500 g at delivery.Conclusions: (a) Using the ROP also as a neonatal treatment quality parameter, the present trend (progress stopped) should be followed attentively. So far, we have no clues regarding therapy‐related or other causality. (b) Despite the suggested worsening, a lowering of the ophthalmic GA and BW screening limits now seems justifiable. With a view also to the high‐risk Copenhagen data and the national childhood visual impairment register, a reduction of the values to 31 weeks/1500 g should be considered.
Clinical evaluation of an eccentric infrared photorefractor: the PowerRefractor
Authors: Abrahamsson Maths , Ohlsson Josefin , Björndahl Maria , Abrahamsson Hannah 
Published: December 2004

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate the viability of the PowerRefractor as a screening tool for examining refractive errors in large samples of children. Methods:  The variability of the PowerRefractor was estimated using four patients. The refractive error was determined using cyclopentolate and tropicamide as cycloplegic agents and compared to that determined in a non‐cycloplegic situation. In a second study, the data provided by the PowerRefractor were compared to results obtained by autorefractor or retinoscopy for 150 children aged from 6 months to 5 years. Results:  Variability study. Statistical analysis showed a statistically significant difference between cycloplegic and non‐cycloplegic refraction for spherical and cylindrical refractive errors (p < 0.0001 in all cases). There was no significant difference between the measurements made using tropicamide and cyclopentolate (p = 0.33 and p = 0.18, respectively). Comparison study. In 142 of 150 patients the difference between data obtained by the PowerRefractor and an autorefractor was within 1 D (spherical equivalent). However, there was a considerable difference between the data generated by the two methods in the remaining eight patients (up to 16 D). Conclusions:  The PowerRefractor proved to be a reliable tool for estimating refractive errors in young children. The apparatus is easy to handle and the simultaneous examination of both eyes makes the PowerRefractor ideal for obtaining data on refractive errors in large samples.
On the Betti numbers of sign conditions
Authors: Basu Saugata , Pollack Richard , Roy Marie-Françoise 
Published: December 2004

Let

R

\mathrm {R}

be a real closed field and let

Q

{\mathcal Q}

and

P

{\mathcal P}

be finite subsets of

R

[

X
1

,
…
,

X
k

]

\mathrm {R}[X_1,\ldots ,X_k]

such that the set

P

{\mathcal P}

has

s
s

elements, the algebraic set

Z
Z

defined by

⋀

Q
∈

Q

Q
=
0

\bigwedge _{Q \in {\mathcal Q}}Q=0

has dimension

k
′

k’

and the elements of

Q

{\mathcal Q}

and

P

{\mathcal P}

have degree at most

d
d

. For each

0
≤
i
≤

k
′

,

0 \leq i \leq k’,

we denote the sum of the

i
i

-th Betti numbers over the realizations of all sign conditions of

P

{\mathcal P}

on

Z
Z

by

b
i

(

P

,

Q

)

b_i({\mathcal P},{\mathcal Q})

. We prove that
\[

b
i

(

P

,

Q

)
≤

∑

j
=
0

k
′

−
i

(

s
j

)

4

j

d
(
2
d
−
1

)

k
−
1

.

b_i({\mathcal P},{\mathcal Q}) \le \sum _{j=0}^{k’ - i} {s \choose j} 4^{j} d(2d-1)^{k-1}.

\]
This generalizes to all the higher Betti numbers the bound

(

s

k
′

)

O
(
d

)
k

{s \choose k’}O(d)^k

on

b
0

(

P

,

Q

)

b_0({\mathcal P},{\mathcal Q})

. We also prove, using similar methods, that the sum of the Betti numbers of the intersection of

Z
Z

with a closed semi-algebraic set, defined by a quantifier-free Boolean formula without negations with atoms of the form

P
≥
0

P \geq 0

or

P
≤
0

P\leq 0

for

P
∈

P

P\in {\mathcal P}

, is bounded by
\[

∑

i
=
0

k
′

∑

j
=
0

k
′

−
i

(

s
j

)

6

j

d
(
2
d
−
1

)

k
−
1

,

\sum _{i = 0}^{k’}\sum _{j = 0}^{k’ - i} {s \choose j} 6^{j} d(2d-1)^{k-1},

\]
making the bound

s

k
′

O
(
d

)
k

s^{k’} O(d)^k

more precise.
Detecting the index of a subgroup in the subgroup lattice
Authors: De Falco M. , de Giovanni F. , Musella C. , Schmidt R. 
Published: December 2004

A theorem by Zacher and Rips states that the finiteness of the index of a subgroup can be described in terms of purely lattice-theoretic concepts. On the other hand, it is clear that if

G
G

is a group and

H
H

is a subgroup of finite index of

G
G

, the index

|

G
:
H

|

|G:H|

cannot be recognized in the lattice

L

(
G
)

{\mathfrak {L}}(G)

of all subgroups of

G
G

, as for instance all groups of prime order have isomorphic subgroup lattices. The aim of this paper is to give a lattice-theoretic characterization of the number of prime factors (with multiplicity) of

|

G
:
H

|

|G:H|

.
Small prime solutions of quadratic equations II
Authors: Choi Kwok-Kwong , Liu Jianya 
Published: December 2004

Let

b
1

,
…
,

b
5

b_1, \ldots , b_5

be non-zero integers and

n
n

any integer. Suppose that

b
1

+
⋯
+

b
5

≡
n

(
mod

24
)

b_1+\cdots +b_5 \equiv n \pmod {24}

and

(

b
i

,

b
j

)
=
1

(b_i,b_j)=1

for

1
≤
i
>
j
≤
5

1 \leq i > j \leq 5

. In this paper we prove that (i) if the

b
j

b_j

are not all of the same sign, then the above quadratic equation has prime solutions satisfying

p
j

≪

|

n

|

+
max
{

|

b
j

|

}

25

/

2
+
ε

;

p_j\ll \sqrt {|n|}+ \max \{|b_j|\}^{25/2+\varepsilon };

and (ii) if all the

b
j

b_j

are positive and

n
≫
max
{

|

b
j

|

}

26
+
ε

n \gg \max \{|b_j|\}^{26+\varepsilon }

, then the quadratic equation

b
1

p
1
2

+
⋯
+

b
5

p
5
2

=
n

b_1p_1^2+\cdots +b_5p_5^2=n

is soluble in primes

p
j

.

p_j.

Our previous results are

max
{

|

b
j

|

}

20
+
ε

\max \{|b_j|\}^{20+\varepsilon }

and

max
{

|

b
j

|

}

41
+
ε

\max \{|b_j|\}^{41+\varepsilon }

in place of

max
{

|

b
j

|

}

25

/

2
+
ε

\max \{|b_j|\}^{25/2+\varepsilon }

and

max
{

|

b
j

|

}

26
+
ε

\max \{|b_j|\}^{26+\varepsilon }

above, respectively.
Cloning and expression of multiple integral membrane proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Escherichia coli
Authors: Korepanova Alla , Gao Fei P. , Hua Yuanzi , Qin Huajun , Nakamoto Robert K. , Cross Timothy A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSeventy integral membrane proteins from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome have been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. A combination of T7 promoter‐based vectors with hexa‐His affinity tags and BL21 E. coli strains with additional tRNA genes to supplement sparsely used E. coli codons have been most successful. The expressed proteins have a wide range of molecular weights and number of transmembrane helices. Expression of these proteins has been observed in the membrane and insoluble fraction of E. coli cell lysates and, in some cases, in the soluble fraction. The highest expression levels in the membrane fraction were restricted to a narrow range of molecular weights and relatively few transmembrane helices. In contrast, overexpression in insoluble aggregates was distributed over a broad range of molecular weights and number of transmembrane helices.
Hindsight Lessons aka Experiential Wisdom: A Review of the XXV ICAP
Authors: Nair Elizabeth 
Published: December 2004

Voici un résumé et un compte rendu évaluatif du XXV Congrès International de Psychologie Appliquée (ICAP) qui s’est tenu du 7 au 12 juillet 2002 au Suntec Convention Center à Singapour. Ce sont au total 1659 personnes provenant de 66 pays qui se sont inscrites au Congrès. Le programme scientifique comprenait 54 communications de personnalités invitées, 884 propositions individuelles d’intervention orale ou de poster et 130 symposiums d’une demi‐heure répartis dans 12 sessions parallèles. Différents critères peuvent être retenus pour évaluer le succés de cette recontre. Une première pour ce Congrès fut l’exploitation des nouvelles technologies dans la conception et al réalisation du programme scientifique par un comité international. Ce rapport examine les points où des améliorations seraient envisageables et conclut sur des recommendations dont les futurs Congrès pourront tirer profit.This is a summary and evaluation report on the XXV International Congress of Applied Psychology (ICAP), held from 7 to 12 July 2002 at the Suntec Convention Center, Singapore. A total of 1,659 persons from 66 countries registered for the Congress. The scientific program included 54 invited addresses, 884 individual submissions for oral and poster presentations, and 130 1–2 hour symposia in 12 concurrent sessions. Various criteria are suggested as possible indexes to evaluate the success of the Congress. A first for this Congress was the harnessing of global electronic technology in the development and delivery of the Scientific Program by an international committee. The report details possible areas for improvement, and concludes with recommendations for future ICAP congresses.
Assessment Center for Pilot Selection: Construct and Criterion Validity and the Impact of Assessor Type
Authors: Damitz Marc , Manzey Dietrich , Kleinmann Martin , Severin Karsten 
Published: December 2004

Cette recherche a examiné la validité d’un centre d’évaluation pour la sélection de pilotes. Les scores de N = 1,036 participants ont été utilisés pour étudier la validité de construit. Un sous‐échantillon de participants performants a été suivi et les évaluations des pairs ont été retenus comme mesures du critère. Les résultats démontrent une première évidence de validité de construit et de critère pour cet outil d’évaluation des compétences interpersonnelles et liées à la performance. Par ailleurs, les résultats ont aussi montré que le type d’évaluateur (psychologue vs pilote) modère la validité prédictive des scores du centre d’évaluation. Cet effet “type d’évaluateur” dépend de la sorte de variables prédictives. Les résultats sont discutés et des implications pratiques sont suggérées.This study examined the validity of an assessment center in pilot selection as a new field of application. Assessment center ratings of N= 1,036 applicants were used to examine the construct validity. A subsample of successful applicants was followed up and peer ratings were chosen as criterion measures. The results provide first evidence of the construct and criterion validity of this assessment center approach for rating interpersonal and performance‐related skills. Furthermore the type of assessor (psychologist versus pilot) moderates the predictive validity of the assessment center ratings. This type‐of‐assessor effect depends on the kind of predictor variables. The results are discussed and practical implications are suggested.
Information Exchange in Personnel Selection Decisions
Authors: Dose Jennifer J. 
Published: December 2004

Les décisions en sélection de personnel impliquent souvent une décision de groupe où les membres du groupe ne partagent pas toute l’information disponible sur les candidats. Les entrevues en série sont un exemple d’une telle situation. Même si cette technique est communément utilisée pour la sélection du personnel, la littérature scientifique n’a pas étudié de facon extensive l’entrevue en série, et plus particulièrement le processus de prise de décision en groupe pour le choix du candidat final. La littérature sur l’échange d’information a étéétudiée pour éclaircir ce processus de décision. Les résultats ont démontré que souvent les groupes n’échangent pas assez d’information pour en arriver à la bonne décision, qu’ils discutent en plus grande proportion l’information négative que la positive et qu’ils échangent plus sur l’information déjà connue par tous les membres que sur l’information initialement connue par un membre seulement. Les implications pour la sélection du personnel sont discutées.Personnel selection decisions often involve group decisions in which individual group members do not share all the available information about candidates. Serial interviews are one example of this situation. Although serial interview techniques are commonly used to select employees, the selection literature has not extensively investigated serial interviewing, especially the process of coming to a selection decision as a group at the conclusion of the process. The information exchange literature is used to shed light on this process. Results showed that groups often failed to exchange sufficient information to come to the correct decision, discussed a higher proportion of negative than positive information, and discussed more information that was already common knowledge to all group members than information initially known only to one member. Implications for selection procedures are discussed.