bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An enhanced direct torque control strategy with composite controller for permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Le Thanh‐Lam , Hsieh Min‐Fu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDirect torque control (DTC) based on sliding mode control (SMC) has been widely applied to permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives for torque ripple reduction and flux tracking. However, the control performance may be degraded due to disturbances such as variations in motor parameters or uncertainties. In this paper, a DTC strategy with an improved composite SMC controller is proposed for the PMSM drive system to enhance its performance under various disturbances. The speed controller is first designed based on a proposed adaptive reaching law (ARL) to eliminate chattering that appears in the conventional SMC, accelerate convergence, improve tracking performance, and reduce torque ripples. Then, an enhanced extended sliding mode disturbance observer (E2SMDO) is developed to estimate the lumped disturbances of the PMSM drive system in real time and compensate for a feedforward to the speed controller. By combining the ARL and E2SMDO, a composite controller (denoted ARL + E2SMDO) is established, whose stability is proven through the Lyapunov theory. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by simulations and experiments. The results of both simulations and experiments demonstrate that the composite ARL + E2SMDO controller has a fast dynamic response, reduced torque ripples, strong robustness, and good anti‐disturbance compared to other conventional methods.
On CCGG, the De Donder‐Weyl Hamiltonian formulation of canonical gauge gravity
Authors: Vasak David , Kirsch Johannes , van de Venn Armin , Denk Vladimir , Struckmeier Jürgen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis short paper gives a brief overview of the manifestly covariant canonical gauge gravity (CCGG) that is rooted in the De Donder‐Weyl Hamiltonian formulation of relativistic field theories, and the proven methodology of the canonical transformation theory. That framework derives, from a few basic physical and mathematical assumptions, equations describing generic matter and gravity dynamics with the spin connection emerging as a Yang Mills‐type gauge field. While the interaction of any matter field with spacetime is fixed just by the transformation property of that field, a concrete gravity ansatz is introduced by the choice of the free (kinetic) gravity Hamiltonian. The key elements of this approach are discussed and its implications for particle dynamics and cosmology are presented. New insights: Anomalous Pauli coupling of spinors to curvature and torsion of spacetime, spacetime with (A)dS ground state, inertia, torsion and geometrical vacuum energy, Zero‐energy balance of the Universe leading to a vanishing cosmological constant and torsional dark energy.
Inhibition of α‐glucosidase activity by curcumin loaded on ZnO@rGO nanocarrier for potential treatment of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Liu Linghong , Wang Zhu , Yap Pei Lay , Zhang Qiulan , Ni Yongnian , Losic Dusan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCurcumin (Cur) is an acidic polyphenol with some effects on α‐glucosidase (α‐Glu), but Cur has disadvantages such as being a weak target, lacking passing the blood–brain barrier and having low bioavailability. To enhance the curative effect of Cur, the hybrid composed of ZnO nanoparticles decorated on rGO was used to load Cur (ZnO@rGO‐Cur). The use of the multispectral method and enzyme inhibition kinetics analysis certify the inhibitory effect and interaction mechanism of ZnO@rGO‐Cur with α‐Glu. The static quenching of α‐Glu with both Cur and ZnO@rGO‐Cur is primarily driven by hydrogen bond and van der Waals interactions. The conformation‐changing ability by binding to the neighbouring phenolic hydroxyl group of Cur increased their ability to alter the secondary structure of α‐Glu, resulting in the inhibition of enzyme activity. The inhibition constant (Ki, Cur > Kis,ZnO@rGO‐Cur) showed that the inhibition effect of ZnO@rGO‐Cur on α‐Glu was larger than that of Cur. The CCK‐8 experiments proved that ZnO@rGO nanocomposites have good biocompatibility. These results suggest that the therapeutic potential of ZnO@rGO‐Cur composite is an emerging nanocarrier platform for drug delivery systems for the potential treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Molecular basis of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis 3. A proteomics study
Authors: Guerrero Laura , Carmona‐Rodríguez Lorena , Santos Fátima Milhano , Ciordia Sergio , Stark Luiz , Hierro Loreto , Pérez‐Montero Pablo , Vicent David , Corrales Fernando J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProgressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3) is a severe rare liver disease that affects between 1/50,000 and 1/100,000 children. In physiological conditions, bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, and then it flows to the small intestine to play its role in fat digestion. To prevent tissue damage, bile acids (BAs) are kept in phospholipid micelles. Mutations in phosphatidyl choline transporter ABCB4 (MDR3) lead to intrahepatic accumulation of free BAs that result in liver damage. PFIC3 onset usually occurs at early ages, progresses rapidly, and the prognosis is poor. Currently, besides the palliative use of ursodeoxycholate, the only available treatment for this disease is liver transplantation, which is really challenging for short‐aged patients. To gain insight into the pathogenesis of PFIC3 we have performed an integrated proteomics and phosphoproteomics study in human liver samples to then validate the emerging functional hypotheses in a PFIC3 murine model. We identified 6246 protein groups, 324 proteins among them showing differential expression between control and PFIC3. The phosphoproteomic analysis allowed the identification of 5090 phosphopeptides, from which 215 corresponding to 157 protein groups, were differentially phosphorylated in PFIC3, including MDR3. Regulation of essential cellular processes and structures, such as inflammation, metabolic reprogramming, cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix remodeling, and cell proliferation, were identified as the main drivers of the disease. Our results provide a strong molecular background that significantly contributes to a better understanding of PFIC3 and provides new concepts that might prove useful in the clinical management of patients.
Temperature‐Programmed Reflection Absorption Infrared Spectroscopy: A Methods Review
Authors: Bavisotto Robert , Owen Quintus , Hopper Nicholas , Tysoe Wilfred T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA method is proposed to measure the kinetics of elementary‐step reactions using reflection‐absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) by slowly ramping the sample temperature while continually collecting the interferograms, where the interferograms are post‐processed to provide temperature‐dependent spectra. Heating rates of ~10−2 K/s allow spectra to be collected so that the temperature is essentially constant for each spectrum. This strategy can allow short‐lived intermediates to be observed. The data are fit to analytical formulae similar to those used for conventional temperature‐programmed desorption and the two approaches are complementary. The method is illustrated by measuring the activation energy for the ordering of crystalline thin films and for multilayer desorption. The utility of the approach for measuring surface‐chemical processes is illustrated for the dimerization kinetics of a prochiral reactant, methyl pyruvate (CH3CCO2CH3), on Pd(111), where the monomer has been found to be more reactive than the dimer, and the decarbonylation steps of furfural (C4H3O ⋅ CHO), a product of the treatment of biomass. The results are in good agreement with cases in which there are other methods for measuring the reaction rates. The approach is also useful for establishing how accurate the results of theoretical simulations are for elementary surface reactions.
Fish stranding in relation to river bar morphology and baseflow magnitude: Combining field surveys and hydrodynamic–numerical modelling
Authors: Hayes Daniel S. , Hauer Christoph , Unfer Günther 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHydropeaking mitigation based on down‐ramping thresholds is crucial to avoid stranding of fish and ensure sustainable hydropower production. However, the risk of stranding is influenced by several biotic and abiotic factors that interact with the ramping rate, including river morphology and baseflow magnitude. Also, at the river bar scale, the lateral or horizontal down‐ramping velocity may be of even greater importance than the vertical one as the prior integrates bar morphology. This study investigates the connection between ecologically relevant hydraulic parameters (vertical and lateral ramping velocity, dewatered river bar width) and the stranding of young‐of‐the‐year European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) due to down‐ramping, based on field observations of stranded fish at the hydropeaked Drava River in Austria combined with hydrodynamic–numerical modelling. We also examine the interplay between baseflow conditions and river topography in the dewatered areas. Stranding observations in spring and summer found a median rate of 90 individuals per 100 m, ranging from 50 to 500 fish per 100 m shoreline. Stranding rates were three times higher at night than during the day. Our data revealed a positive relationship between stranded fish and down‐ramping hydraulics, with higher intensity resulting in more stranded fish. This association was stronger for the lateral than the vertical ramping velocity, presumably because the former accounts for bar morphology, suggesting that the lateral dewatering velocity is a better indicator to assess fish stranding at the bar scale than the vertical velocity. We also found a negative relationship between the extent of the dewatered area and baseflow magnitude, indicating that the stranding risk is higher during down‐ramping at low flow conditions.
Modeling the effects of selectively fishing key functional groups of herbivores on coral resilience
Authors: Cook Dana T. , Schmitt Russell J. , Holbrook Sally J. , Moeller Holly V. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMounting evidence suggests that fishing can be a major driver of coral‐to‐macroalgae regime shifts on tropical reefs. In many small‐scale coral reef fisheries, fishers target herbivorous fishes, which can weaken coral resilience via reduced herbivory on macroalgae that then outcompete corals. Previous models that explored the effects of harvesting herbivores revealed hysteresis in the herbivory–benthic state relationship that results in bistability of coral‐ and macroalgae‐dominated states over some levels of fishing pressure, which has been supported by empirical evidence. However, past models have not accounted for the functional differences among herbivores or how fisher selectivity for different herbivore functional groups may alter the benthic dynamics and resilience. Here, we use a dynamic model that links differential fishing on two key herbivore functional groups to the outcome of competitive dynamics between coral and macroalgae. We show that reef state depends not only on the level of fishing but also on the types of herbivores targeted by fishers. Selectively fishing browsing herbivores that are capable of consuming mature macroalgae (e.g., unicornfish) increases precariousness of the coral state by moving the system close to the coral‐to‐macroalgae tipping point. By contrast, selectively harvesting grazing herbivores that are only capable of preventing macroalgae from becoming established (e.g., parrotfishes) can increase catch yields substantially more before the tipping point is reached. However, this lower precariousness with increasing fishing effort comes at the cost of increasing the range of fishing effort over which coral and macroalgae are bistable; increasing hysteresis makes a regime shift triggered by a disturbance more difficult or impractical to reverse. Our results suggest that management strategies for small‐scale coral reef fisheries should consider how functional differences among harvested herbivores coupled with fisher selectivity influence benthic dynamics in light of the trade‐off between tipping point precariousness and coral recovery dynamics following large disturbances.
Efficient near‐infrared emission in lanthanum ion doped double perovskite Cs2NaScCl6 via Cr3+ sensitization under visible light excitation
Authors: Huang Weiguo , Peng Hui , Huang Jinling , Yang Ye , Wei Qilin , Ke Bao , Khan Muhammad Sheraz , Zhao Jialong , Zou Bingsuo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHerein, we synthesized Cr3+/Ln3+ (Er3+, Tm3+)‐codoped rare earth‐based Cs2NaScCl6 double perovskite, and the near‐infrared emission of Ln3+ can be excited by visible light through the energy transfer (ET) from Cr3+ to Ln3+. Moreover, there are two independent emission bands, which stems from 4T2 → 4A2 transition of Cr3+ (970 nm) and f‐f transition of Ln3+ (1542 nm for Er3+ and 1220 nm for Tm3+), respectively. Particularly, both compounds have ultra‐high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 60% for 10%Cr3+/6%Er3+‐codoped Cs2NaScCl6 (Er3+ emission: ∼26%) and 68% for 10%Cr3+/4.5%Tm3+‐codoped Cs2NaScCl6 (Tm3+ emission: ∼56%), which can be attributed to the ultra‐high ET efficiency from Cr3+ to Ln3+ and the similar ionic activity of Sc3+ and Ln3+ allowing more dopants enter the host lattice. Considering the excellent stability of the samples, we demonstrated Cr3+/Tm3+‐codoped Cs2NaScCl6 in the applications of near‐infrared imaging and night vision. Finally, we reported 10%Cr3+/4.5%Tm3+/9%Er3+‐tridoped Cs2NaScCl6 and further applied it for optical thermometry.image
On magnitudes of rapid intensification and destruction of tropical cyclones over the North Indian Ocean
Authors: Nekkali Yerni Srinivas , Osuri Krishna Kishore , Mohapatra M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe study targets long‐term analysis of rapid intensification (RI) magnitudes and destructiveness of tropical cyclones (TCs), as well as factors that are responsible for those magnitudes over the North Indian Ocean (NIO). Out of 131 TCs during 1990–2021, 50 TCs (38%) exhibited RI in their lifetime. Results indicate that the lifetime maximum intensity (LMI) and landfall intensity (LFI), along with the potential destructive index (PDI), are directly proportional (correlation coefficient > 0.8) to the lifetime maximum intensification rate. Most RI TCs (~80%) made landfall with an average LMI, LFI and PDI of 95 knots, 85 knots and 4 × 107 knot3, respectively. And the destructive indices are more than double compared to landfalling non‐RI TCs. Recent years have witnessed an increasing trend in RI magnitude and the frequent occurrence of very RI cases (intensity change ≥50 knots in 24 h). It infers that recent TCs have achieved RI and higher magnitudes in a short duration (~20 h). The higher intensification rates are promoted by lower wind shear as well as strong surface latent and sensible heat fluxes. The higher sea surface temperature by ~0.2°C, oceanic heat content by ~60 × 107 J·m−2, lower tropospheric humidity by ~0.2 g·kg−1 and moist static energy by ~6 × 106 J·m−2 in the recent period (2007–2021) supports higher intensification rates as compared to the earlier period (1990–2006). The deep‐layer wind shear has decreased by 1.0 m·s−1 in recent years, which supports higher RI magnitudes. This study highlights the risk associated with RI magnitudes and the efforts to be made for improved predictions of higher intensification rates.
Denitrification, anammox, and DNRA in oligotrophic continental shelf sediments
Authors: Cheung Henry L. S. , Hillman Jenny R. , Pilditch Conrad A. , Savage Candida , Santos Isaac R. , Glud Ronnie N. , Nascimento Francisco J. A. , Thrush Simon F. , Bonaglia Stefano 
Published: January 2024

AbstractContinental shelf sediments are considered hotspots for nitrogen (N) removal. While most investigations have quantified denitrification in shelves receiving large amounts of anthropogenic nutrient supply, we lack insight into the key drivers of N removal on oligotrophic shelves. Here, we measured rates of N removal through denitrification and anammox by the revised‐isotope pairing technique (r‐IPT) along the Northeastern New Zealand shelf. Denitrification dominated total N2 production at depths between 30 and 128 m with average rates (± SE) ranging from 65 ± 28 to 284 ± 72 μmol N m−2 d−1. N2 production by anammox ranged from 3 ± 1 to 28 ± 11 μmol N m−2 d−1 and accounted for 2–19% of total N2 production. DNRA was negligible in these oligotrophic settings. Parallel microbial community analysis showed that both Proteobacteria and Planctomycetota were key taxa driving denitrification. Denitrification displayed a negative correlation with oxygen penetration depth, and a positive correlation with macrofauna abundance. Our denitrification rates were comparable to oligotrophic shelves from the Arctic, but were lower than those from nutrient‐rich Pacific and Atlantic shelves. Based on our results and existing IPT measurements, the global shelf denitrification rate was reassessed to be 53.5 ± 8.1 Tg N yr−1, equivalent to 20 ± 2% of marine N removal. We suggest that previous estimates of global shelf N loss might have been overestimated due to sampling bias toward areas with high N loads in the Northern Hemisphere.
Effect of cutting and feed speed on lubrication performance of large hydrostatic turntable with constant linear velocity
Authors: Yanqin Zhang , Rong Zhao , Jianting Tao , Mulan Wang , Pengrui Kong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe oil film lubrication performance of a large hydrostatic turntable operating at the model of constant surface cutting speed is studied. Firstly, the rotary speed equation which is bound by the constant surface cutting speed is established. According to the fluid lubrication theory, the gap flow equation, the oil film temperature rise equation and the double‐rectangular‐cavity oil pad bearing capacity equation are derived. Further, a prediction model of oil film lubrication performance in the operating mode is established. The change rules of temperature, pressure and other performance indexes of the film with time are obtained by numerical simulation. And, the above laws are verified by design experiments. It is found that the cutting speed, feed rate leaves a significant impact on the law of variations of oil film performance with time. According to the conclusions, it will be beneficial to improve the bearing capacity of the hydrostatic turntable and further improve the machining accuracy by using cutting parameters reasonably to control the speed within a certain range.
Switching to sustainable products: The role of time, product, and customer characteristics
Authors: Karman Agnieszka , Lipowski Marcin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAchieving a sustainable economy is one of the primary needs of our time, and sustainable products can play a decisive role in achieving this goal. This article seeks answers about the role of time and product characteristics in the intention to switch to a sustainable product using the example of an everyday product. Drawing from social identity theory, utility maximization and switching theory, the authors propose a conceptual model to examine these questions in a specific market disruption when a product is modified by the same company. The framework focuses on the time‐varying effects of customers' features (brand identification, loyalty, embeddedness) and products' features (perceived value [PV], compliance, switching cost) on switching behavior. The research was carried out using a quasi‐experimental method in three periods. In the first stage, Cox Proportional Hazard Regression was used, and a random‐effects model in the second. Results from longitudinal data of 282 customers during the launch of a new sustainable product show that customer characteristics do not influence the intention to switch. In contrast, the PV and switching costs inhibit the switching behavior, but their effects vary over time. In particular, the effect of the relative PV of the sustainable product on switching will increase over time, but the importance of customer–brand identification also rises. The study has important implications for introducing a sustainable equivalent of an incumbent product of the same brand.
The effect of Environmental, Social, and Governance disclosure on cost of debt: A life‐cycle perspective
Authors: Mathath Nidhin , Kumar Vinod , Balasubramanian G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDrawing on life cycle theory, this paper explores the relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure and the cost of debt using 556 Indian‐listed firms. The findings show that ESG disclosure is negatively related to the cost of debt; however, the impact of ESG disclosure is more pronounced in the growth and mature stages compared to the introduction, decline, and shakeout stages. The study deepens the analysis by investigating the effect of individual dimensions of ESG disclosure and the findings reveal that the environmental and social aspects have a more pronounced impact on the cost of debt compared to the governance component.
Spectral analysis of non‐contrast fluoroscopy for evaluation of pulmonary perfusion: Feasibility and sensitivity testing with a phantom
Authors: Smith Matthew R. , Grice Jared V. , Zhou Dennis W. , Emmons Erica C. , Rollins Allman T. , Hemnes Anna R. , O'Leary Jared M. , Smith Gary T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundOscillating x‐ray attenuation in the lungs provides an opportunity to evaluate pulmonary perfusion without contrast. Recent intensity‐based methods have been compared to pulmonary scintigraphy and CT angiography but lack rigorous phantom studies.PurposeA new method to quantify the periodic signal amplitude was employed using spectral analysis. Performance was characterized using a water phantom capable of creating an oscillating x‐ray attenuation at physiologic amplitudes. Feasibility in detecting abnormal perfusion was performed on a volunteer with pulmonary vascular disease and compared to pulmonary angiography, the clinical gold standard.MethodsFor each fluoroscopic acquisition, the normalized temporal signal from each pixel was decomposed into its frequency components using Fourier transformation, and the spectral amplitude, defined as the x‐ray pulsatility index (XPI), was determined at the desired frequency using a band‐pass filter. XPI was displayed as a pixel‐wise parametric colormap. Based on XPI maps generated using two human volunteers, a water bath phantom was constructed with a fluctuating fluid height and a 1 cm diameter pulsatility defect. Contrast‐to‐noise (CNR) of the defect was measured using fluoroscopy images acquired at variable fluid height fluctuation (0.1–1.9 mm) and oscillation frequency (30–60 bpm). Various sampling frame rates (3–30 fps) and acquisition durations (1.8–8 s) using truncated datasets were reconstructed from full datasets. Fluoroscopic images were obtained in a patient just prior to pulmonary angiography in the same projection.ResultsXPI maps in human subjects showed high signal to background contrast with high central XPI measuring up to 0.5. Phantom experiments revealed CNR was linearly correlated to fluid height change (r2 = 0.998). CNR is proportional to increasing sampling frame rate and increasing acquisition duration as expected with Fourier analysis. XPI map displayed multifocal perfusion defects in good agreement with pulmonary angiography.ConclusionSpectral analysis is an accurate and sensitive method to detect small changes in periodic x‐ray attenuation using a short fluoroscopic acquisition. This method demonstrated good agreement to pulmonary angiography and shows promise for clinical imaging of pulmonary perfusion using standard fluoroscopic methods.