bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religion and Environmentalism
Authors: Stone Lora 
Published: October 2023

A foundational resource for readers investigating religiously motivated environmentalism, this book provides both a global overview of the subject and a detailed discussion of key figures, concepts, organizations, events, and documents.
Beginning in the late 1960s, a growing number of activists, scholars, and scientists asserted that traditional religions had been major contributors to the environmental crisis. In response, theologians, religious organizations, and religiously motivated activists became increasingly involved in environmental issues. At the same time, emerging nature-based belief systems emphasized values and lifestyles based in environmentalism. More recently, religiously motivated environmentalism has become a powerful force in shaping environmental policy and human action globally and has joined with secular environmentalism to address related issues.
This book explores the background and current state of religious environmentalism. The book begins with an overview essay examining the history and context of religious environmentalism and its significance today. A chronology then profiles the most important events related to religious environmentalism. A section of more than 50 alphabetically arranged reference entries follows, with each entry providing objective information about people, places, events, movements, works, and other topics. The entries include cross-references and suggestions for further reading, and the book closes with a selected, annotated bibliography of major works.
• An introductory essay provides an overview of the origins and present-day significance of religious environmental activism
• A chronology features important events related to religion and the environment
• More than 50 alphabetically arranged reference entries provide objective, essential information about people, works, theories, movements, events, and other topics related to religious environmentalism
• Entries cite works for further reading and an annotated bibliography directs users to additional resources
Vibrational properties of OH groups associated with divalent cations in corundum (α-Al2O3)
Authors: Jollands Michael C. , Jin Shiyun , Curti Martial , Guillaumet Maxime , Béneut Keevin , Giura Paola , Balan Etienne 
Published: October 2023

Abstract. The infrared spectra of synthetic corundum (α-Al2O3) samples either doped directly with divalent cations (Mg2+) or containing divalent cations formed by reduction of trivalent cations in H2 gas (Co2+, Ni2+) may display broad OH stretching bands at ∼3000 cm−1 due to the structural incorporation of trace amounts of hydrogen. Experimental spectra recorded from some natural sapphires display a similar absorption band associated with a dominant absorption at 3161 cm−1, and some beryllium-diffused corundum crystals show a band at 3060 cm−1. All of these also display smaller and generally narrower bands between 1900 and 2700 cm−1, whose natures are poorly defined. In this work, the atomic-scale structure, relative stability and infrared spectroscopic properties of a series of OH defects in corundum (α-Al2O3) are theoretically investigated at the density-functional-theory level. The investigated defects consist of interstitial H+ ions forming OH groups and compensating for the charge imbalance related to the presence of divalent cations (Be2+, Mg2+, Cr2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+) substituted for Al3+ at nearby octahedral sites. Bands occurring at ∼3000 cm−1 in experimental spectra are assigned to the OH stretching modes of some of these defects, with bands observed around 1900 and 2700 cm−1 being assigned to overtones of corresponding OH bending modes. The results also support the assignment of the so-called “3161 cm−1 series”, observed in experimental spectra of some rubies and yellow sapphires, to structural OH groups in association with Fe2+ ions, rather than Si4+, as has been previously proposed. These inferences are also supported by analysis of correlations between band areas in experimental infrared spectra extracted from a database of corundum gemstones. A qualitative explanation relating the anomalous intensity and the polarisation properties of the OH bending overtone bands to the electrical anharmonicity of OH groups involved in medium-strength H bonds is proposed.
Ensemble of optimised machine learning algorithms for predicting surface soil moisture content at a global scale
Authors: Han Qianqian , Zeng Yijian , Zhang Lijie , Cira Calimanut-Ionut , Prikaziuk Egor , Duan Ting , Wang Chao , Szabó Brigitta , Manfreda Salvatore , Zhuang Ruodan , Su Bob 
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Accurate information on surface soil moisture (SSM) content at a global scale under different climatic conditions is important for hydrological and climatological applications. Machine-learning-based systematic integration of in situ hydrological measurements, complex environmental and climate data, and satellite observation facilitate the generation of reliable data products to monitor and analyse the exchange of water, energy, and carbon in the Earth system at a proper space–time resolution. This study investigates the estimation of daily SSM using 8 optimised machine learning (ML) algorithms and 10 ensemble models (constructed via model bootstrap aggregating techniques and five-fold cross-validation). The algorithmic implementations were trained and tested using International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN) data collected from 1722 stations distributed across the world. The result showed that the K-neighbours Regressor (KNR) had the lowest root-mean-square error (0.0379 cm3 cm−3) on the “test_random” set (for testing the performance of randomly split data during training), the Random Forest Regressor (RFR) had the lowest RMSE (0.0599 cm3 cm−3) on the “test_temporal” set (for testing the performance on the period that was not used in training), and AdaBoost (AB) had the lowest RMSE (0.0786 cm3 cm−3) on the “test_independent-stations” set (for testing the performance on the stations that were not used in training). Independent evaluation on novel stations across different climate zones was conducted. For the optimised ML algorithms, the median RMSE values were below 0.1 cm3 cm−3. GradientBoosting (GB), Multi-layer Perceptron Regressor (MLPR), Stochastic Gradient Descent Regressor (SGDR), and RFR achieved a median r score of 0.6 in 12, 11, 9, and 9 climate zones, respectively, out of 15 climate zones. The performance of ensemble models improved significantly, with the median RMSE value below 0.075 cm3 cm−3 for all climate zones. All voting regressors achieved r scores of above 0.6 in 13 climate zones; BSh (hot semi-arid climate) and BWh (hot desert climate) were the exceptions because of the sparse distribution of training stations. The metric evaluation showed that ensemble models can improve the performance of single ML algorithms and achieve more stable results. Based on the results computed for three different test sets, the ensemble model with KNR, RFR and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XB) performed the best. Overall, our investigation shows that ensemble machine learning algorithms have a greater capability with respect to predicting SSM compared with the optimised or base ML algorithms; this indicates their huge potential applicability in estimating water cycle budgets, managing irrigation, and predicting crop yields.
An Overview of the Western United States Dynamically Downscaled Dataset (WUS-D3)
Authors: Rahimi Stefan , Huang Lei , Norris Jesse , Hall Alex , Goldenson Naomi , Krantz Will , Bass Benjamin , Thackeray Chad , Lin Henry , Chen Di , Dennis Eli , Collins Ethan , Lebo Zachary , Slinskey Emily ,   the UCLA Center for Climate Science Team
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Predicting future climate change over a region of complex terrain, such as the western United States (U.S.), remains challenging due to the low resolution of global climate models (GCMs). Yet climate extremes of recent years in this region, such as floods, wildfires, and drought, are likely to intensify further as climate warms, underscoring the need for high-quality predictions. Here, we present an ensemble of dynamically downscaled simulations over the western U.S. from 1980–2100 at 9-km grid spacing, driven by sixteen latest-generation GCMs. This dataset is titled the Western U.S. Dynamically Downscaled Dataset (WUS-D3). We describe the challenges of producing WUS-D3, including GCM selection and technical issues, and we evaluate the simulations’ realism by comparing historical results to temperature and precipitation observations. The future downscaled climate change signals are shaped in physically credible ways by the regional model’s more realistic coastlines and topography: (1) The mean warming signals are heavily influenced by more realistic snowpack. (2) Mean precipitation changes are often consistent with wetting on the windward side of mountain complexes, as warmer, moister air masses are uplifted orographically during precipitation events. (3) There are large fractional precipitation increases on the lee side of mountain complexes, leading to potentially significant changes in water resources and ecology in these arid landscapes. (4) Increases in precipitation extremes are generally larger than in the GCMs, driven intensified local atmospheric updrafts tied to topography. (5) Changes in temperature extremes are different from what is expected by a shift in mean temperature and are shaped by local atmospheric dynamics and land surface feedbacks. Because of its high resolution, comprehensiveness, and representation of relevant physical processes, this dataset presents a unique opportunity to evaluate societally relevant future changes in western U.S. climate.
Slavery in Bethlehem: Difference and Indifference in Northampton County’s Moravian Settlements
Authors: Gordon Scott Paul 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
This article offers a new history of slavery in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania: how enslaved men and women were brought to Bethlehem, who owned these enslaved men and women, how some became free, and whether the lives of enslaved Moravians differed from those of free Moravians. The prevailing account states that the Moravian congregation itself purchased enslaved men and women soon after Bethlehem was settled to augment its labor force. But most Afro-Moravians got to Bethlehem, this article shows, through a haphazard process that the congregation did not manage: enslavers (Moravians elsewhere) sent men, women, and children to Bethlehem or brought them when they moved to the backcountry community. Moravian authorities claimed that there was “no difference” in Bethlehem between these enslaved people and White Moravians. The archive that the congregation produced tends to reinforce that view: church registers, membership catalogs, diaries, and memoirs are mostly silent, for instance, about individuals’ legal status. But amplifying voices that have been overlooked of enslaved and free Afro-Moravians, as well as exploring the neglected 1780 Register of enslaved persons in Northampton County, reveals that differences based on race shaped the lives of people of African descent in Bethlehem and Northampton County’s other Moravian communities.
Experimental investigation on the influence of the salinity adsorption-desorption behavior of the clay-based rocks
Authors: Khawar Anoosha , Ali Khan Waqar , Shahzad Khurram , Khalid Choudhry Omar 
Published: October 2023

Enhanced Oil Recovery, better known as EOR is a tradeoff between price of recent rising technologies and the cost needed to implement them. As knowledge domain advances a large number of advanced tertiary recovery mechanisms are suggested; one such methodology that is cost-friendly is low-salinity water Injection. This paper aims to study the facts of low-salinity water injection i.e. the results on the oil recovery within the presence on swelling and non-swelling clays along with different parameters like pH and polarity of oil on the relative extraction of oil from reservoir. In light of the experiments conducted, it's apparent that the low-salinity water injection will work well compared to the normal-salinity flood through the experiments, that is by increasing the oil recovery by 0.6 mg/g of oil per kaolinite with an equivalent adsorption ratio at a pH scale of 4. The results collected throughout the devised experiment summarily prove the existence of an underlying mechanism with a chemical route, due to the influence of pH scale and therefore the relative unaffected nature of bentonite with reference to the low-salinity chemical mechanism.
Implementation of Enterprise Architecture with Leadership Moderation Effects as a Performance Model for Regency/City Local Government Agencies in West Java Province
Authors: Hanafi Ridha , Munir  , Suwatno  , Furqon Choirul 
Published: October 2023

Purpose: The role of information technology in government agencies is becoming increasingly vital. Information Technology (IT) is positioned as an enabler, driver, and even transformer that plays a significant role in creating an organization's competitive advantage. In Government Agencies in the Republic of Indonesia, the application of SPBE (Electronic Based Government System) further legitimizes the vital role of information technology in the operations of Government Agencies in achieving organizational goals and objectives. One of the main activities in SPBE is the implementation of enterprise architecture (EA) in government agencies called the SPBE architecture. The EA implementation based on various studies conducted can positively contribute to encouraging the role of IT in achieving organizational performance. Research implications: Based on the implementation of the SPBE evaluation since 2018, there have been several improvements in the implementation of the SPBE in Government Agencies, both in terms of policy, governance, management, and IT services. The SPBE maturity index for government agencies generally increases from year to year. Government Agencies have generally started EA implementation or SPBE. However, no research can show whether it is true that EA Implementation in Local Government Agencies in the Republic of Indonesia can contribute to achieving organizational performance that represents increasing achievement of organizational goals and objectives. Method: This research was conducted at all district/city government agencies within the province of West Java. This study tries to test the hypothesis of how the implementation of EA in district/city local government agencies in West Java Province represented by EA capabilities and EA governance can contribute to improving organizational performance through organizational agility. In the relationship between EA capability and governance and organizational agility, the hypothesis testing of the leadership moderation variable is tested, whether it is true that leadership can contribute to achieving organizational agility in implementing EA. Results and conclusion: Data processing uses quantitative analysis with descriptive statistics and verification analysis using SEM. From the research, EA capability and EA governance contribute to organizational performance improvement through organizational agility. Leadership provides a positive moderating effect on the relationship between EA capability and EA governance on organizational agility.
The Impact of Maqasid Al Shariah (Objectives of Islamic Shariah) to Obtain Legal Protection of Humans; A Comparative and Analytical Study of the Qatari Laws
Authors: El Farag Mohamed Salem Abou , Rashed Tarek 
Published: October 2023

Objective: This study is to raise the question about the extent to which legal protection for human being security is achieved from the perspective of the Qatari Law and to illustrate the impact of Maqasid al-Sharia of human being soul protection in regulating this right as a legislative text in Qatari Law and Constitution.

Theoretical framework: The study has reviewed the Holy Quran and the texts of Hadith as primary sources. Whereas, different national and international reports, laws, and acts and predominantly the legal provisions of the Permanent Constitution of Qatar have been referred to as secondary sources for review.

Method: The study has adopted analytical and comparative approaches to compare the legal provisions to explore consonances and dissonances.

Results and conclusion: The present study concludes that there may be convergences between the Sharia laws and the Qatari laws concerning the protection of human lives and money. The disposition of human organs, only in the greater interests of humans is the mere permissibility in the Qatari law which is congruent to the Sharia laws. Moreover, it has been stipulated that the laws related to the procedures of arriving and living in Qatar and the employees are aligned with the Islamic legal system wherein, it has assured that they are given freedom to have living and work in the country with the social justice system.

Originality/value: The study has substantiative its review on the Islamic scholarship as well as the Qatari legal provisions to provide comparative and critical appreciation. This study offers the Islamic versus Qatari perspective regarding the protection of human lives.
TRƯỜNG HỢP CA BỆNH UNG THƯ TUYẾN MỒ HÔI
Authors: Lê Thanh Hiền , Nguyễn Hồng Sơn 
Published: October 2023

Ung thư tuyến mồ hôi là một bệnh lí hiếm gặp, chiếm khoảng 0,05% các loại ung thư da . Theo một số nghiên cứu, độ tuổi hay gặp bệnh lý ung thư tuyến mồ hôi là từ 50-70 tuổi. Hiện nay, việc điều trị bệnh này còn nhiều khó khăn do chưa có hướng dẫn điều trị cụ thể, tuy nhiên, theo nhiều chuyên gia trên thế giới, phẫu thuật là phương pháp điều trị được khuyến cáo hàng đầu. Tuy vậy, tỉ lệ tái phát của loại ung thư này là cao nên cần được theo dõi tái khám định kì nhằm phát hiện các dấu hiệu sớm. Ngoài ra, việc chẩn đoán sớm là cực kì quan trọng nhằm hạn chế mức độ xâm lấn của khối u.
Thời gian nhận bài: 15/05/2023
Ngày được chấp nhận: 20/05/2023
Studies on the effect of various priming treatments for quality seed production in sesame cv. VRI 1
Authors: M PRAKASH  , G SATHIYA NARAYANAN  , B S R V SAI PRADEEP KUMAR  
Published: October 2023

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.; Pedaliaceae) is one of the oldest oil seed crops grown widely in tropical and subtropical areas for its edible oil, proteins, vitamins, and amino acids. Quality seeds along with other improved package of practices play a vital role in improving productivity of crops under rainfed condition. Different techniques are used to enhance vigour of the plants and crop yield of which, seed priming is the simple and suitable technique to increase germination, emergence and establishment. Hence, the present investigation was carried out to study the effect of various seed priming treatments on quality seed production in sesame cv. VRI 1. The seeds of sesame were given with various priming treatments i.e., priming with GA3 @ 100 ppm, IAA @ 100 ppm, MnSO4 @ 0.5, FeSO4 @ 0.5%, KCl @ 0.5%, prosopis leaf extract @ 2%, pungam leaf extract @ 2%, arappu leaf extract @ 2%, tamarind leaf extract @ 2% and nochi leaf extract @ 2%. Seeds treated with just water acted as control. All the treated seeds were evaluated for the initial quality characteristics and field performance. Among the treatments, it was found that prosopis leaf extract treatment @ 2% registered higher values for initial seed qualities. In field evaluation also, prosopis leaf extract treatment @ 2% recorded higher growth, physiological and yield parameters in sesame cv. VRI 1.
Response of soil extracellular enzyme activity and stoichiometry to short-term warming and phosphorus addition in desert steppe
Authors: Feng Lingxia , Cao Bing , Wang Xiaojia 
Published: October 2023

Background
Phosphorus (P) is regarded as one of the major limiting factors in grassland ecosystems. Soil available phosphorus deficiency could affect soil extracellular enzyme activity, which is essential for microbial metabolism. Yet it is still unclear how soil available phosphorus affects soil extracellular enzyme activity and microbial nutrient limitation of desert steppe in the context of climate warming.

Methods
This study carried out a short-term open-top chambers (OTCs) experiment in a desert steppe to examine the effects of warming, P addition, and their interaction on soil properties, the activities of soil extracellular enzymes, and stoichiometries.

Results
The findings demonstrated that soil acquisition enzyme stoichiometry of C: N: P was 1.2:1:1.5 in this experiment region, which deviated from the global mean scale (1:1:1). Warming increased soil AN (ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen) contents and decreased microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN). Phosphorus addition raised soil available phosphorus and microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) contents. Soil extracellular enzyme activities and stoichiometries in desert steppe are largely impacted by soil AN, MBC: MBP, and MBN: MBP. These results revealed that the changes of soil available nutrients and stoichiometries induced by short-term warming and P addition could influence soil microbial activities and alleviate soil microbial carbon and phosphorus limitation. Our findings highlight that soil available phosphorus played a critical role in regulating soil extracellular enzyme activity and microbial nutrient limitation of desert steppe. Further research on soil microbial communities should explore the microbiological mechanisms underlying these findings.
Socio-Economic study of the Beneficiaries and Non-Beneficiaries of Kisan Credit Card Scheme in Kannuaj District of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Gopal Supragya Krishan , Mazhar Syed H. 
Published: October 2023

The studies of socio-economic characteristics of farmers are important for better policy options. The Kannuaj district of Uttar Pradesh is also an agriculture dominated region. Approximately 70% of the rural population of Uttar Pradesh is engaged in primary sector but at present agriculture sector is facing lots of problems such as credit, irrigation HYVs and other capital equipments etc. Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme playing a significant role in the development of agriculture Sector because the objective of the scheme is to eliminate exploitations of the farmers by the moneylenders by providing the farmers loans at cheaper rates of Interest. Kisan Credit Card (KCC) is very useful policy for rural development because these policy as the only medium of short-term credit for agriculture. From the year 1998-99, the scheme was implemented by public sector commercial banks, RRBs (Regional Rural Banks) and cooperative banks in the country. The present paper is aimed to study role of Kisan Credit Card scheme in the rural credit facilitation and impact of KCC scheme on socio-economic status of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries in Kannuaj district of Uttar Pradesh. It is found that 36.08 per cent beneficiaries were from high socio-economic status group while 43.03 per cent beneficiaries were from medium and 20.89 per cent were in low socio-economic status group. In non-beneficiaries, 27.32 per cent were from high socio-economic status group while 37.34 per cent non beneficiaries were from medium socio-economic status group. 35.44 per cent non beneficiaries were from lower socio-economic group.