bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
المعاني عند الجاحظ
Authors: الشريف كولان علي 
Published: October 2023

نشأة البلاغة العربية وتطورها ومكانة علم المعاني فيها كانت العلوم العربية وحـدة غير محددة ولا متميزة، تختلط مسائلها البلاغية بعضها ببعض من غير تميز أو فصل. وكان عرب الجاهلية، أصحاب اللغة الصافية، يميزون بفطرتهم وأحاسيسهم النقدية المرهفة، بين محاسن الشعر وعيوبه، باختيار الألفاظ والمعاني والصور البلاغية. قال الجاحظ: « وكلام الناس في طبقات كما أن الناس أنفسهم في طبقات. فمن الكلام الجزل والسخيف، والمليح والحسن، والقبيح والسمج، والخفيف والثقيل؛ وكله عربي، وبكل قد تكلموا، وبكل قد تمادحوا وتعايبوا، فإن زعم زاعـم أنـه لـم يكـن في كلامهـم تفاضل، ولا بينهم في ذلك تفاوت، فلم ذكر العييء
والبكيء، والحصر والمفحم والخطل والمسهب؟ ». صدر الإسلام كـان هـدف الباحثين في البلاغة العربية معرفة إعجاز كتاب الله سبحانه، وسنة رسوله ال، الذي أوتي جوامع الكلم، وكان أفصح من نطق بالضاد، بالإضافة إلى الإطلاع على أسرار البلاغة والفصاحة في غير القرآن والحديث، من كلام العرب شعراً ونثراً، وعمقهم في أسرار الإعجاز وأسبابه، وهو لاعتبارات مكملة للإيمان، وبرسالة النبي: « وذاك أنا إذا كنا نعلم أن الجهة التي منها قامت الحجة بالقرآن وظهرت، وبانت وبهرت، هـي إن كان على حد من الفصاحة تقصر عنه قوى البشر، ومنتهيا إلى غاية لا يطمح إليها بالفكر، وكان محالا أن يعرف كونه كذلك، إلا من عرف الشعر الذي هو ديوان العرب، وعنوان الأدب، والذي لا يشك أنه كان ميدان القوم إذا تحاورا في الفصاحة والبيان ثم بحث عن العلل التي بها كان التباين، وزاد بعض الشعر على بعض كان الصـاد عـن ذلك صاداً عن أن تعرف حجة الله تعالى، وكان مثله مثل من يتصدى للناس فيمنعهم عن أن يحفظوا كتاب الله ويقوموا به ويتلوه ويقرئوه ... ذاك لأنا لم نتعبد بتلاوته وحفظه، والقيام بأداء لفظه على النحو الذي أنزل عليه، وحراسته من أن يغير ويبدل، إلا لتكون الحجة به قائمة على وجه الدهر ». وصـدق الخبر ومطابقته للاعتقاد وكذبه توقف عندها النظام. وأنكر الجاحظ انحصار الخبر في الصدق والكذب. وفي رأيـه هـو صـادق وكاذب وغير صادق ولا كاذب. فتكون مقتضيات البلاغة وجوب مطابقة الكلام لحال السامع الذي
Pelatihan Pengelolaan Organisasi Pada Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat New Generation Club (NGC) Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Yahrif Muhammad , Hasnani  , Lahmady Najwa 
Published: October 2023

Manajemen pengelolaan organisasi merupakan salah satu hal yang sangat penting untuk mencapai tujuan, visi, dan misi organisasi. Pengelolaan organisasi yang baik akan membuat organisasi berjalan dengan baik. Tapi adanya pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan perubahan dalam tatanan keorganisasian. Hal ini berdampak pada beberapa organisasi kemasyarakatan tidak berjalan baik. Salah satu organisasi kemasyarakatan yang berdampak itu adalah LSM New Generation Club (NGC). Para pengurus LSM NGC kesulitan dalam melaksanakan semua kegiatan yang sudah direncanakan menjadi kegiatan online atau pembatasan dengan izin tertentu. Melihat hal tersebut, maka perlu adanya pelatihan pengelolaan organisasi pada lembaga swadaya masyarakat New Generation Club (NGC) di masa pandemi Covid-19. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini menggunakan metode pelatihan secara online. Diharapkan dengan adanya pelatihan manajemen pengelolaan organisasi ini, para pengurus LSM NGC mampu melaksanakan semua kegiatan-kegiatan walaupun dalam bentuk online sehingga organisasi bisa berjalan dengan baik.

Abstract
Organizational management is one of the things that is very important to achieve the goals, vision, and mission of the organization. Good organizational management will make the organization run well. But the Covid-19 pandemic had caused changes in the organizational structure. This had an impact on several community organizations not working well. One of the community organizations that had an impact was the NGC New Generation Club (NGC). NGC administrators found it difficult to carry out all activities that had been planned to be online activities or restrictions with certain permits. Seeing this, it is necessary to have organizational management training at the New Generation Club (NGC) non-governmental organization after the pandemic. This community service used online training methods. It is hoped that with this organizational management training, the NGC NGC administrators are able to carry out all activities even though they are in online form so that the organization can run well.
Pelatihan Public Speaking Bagi Mahasiswa Untuk Seminar Proposal dan Hasil Sidang Skripsi
Authors: Sirajuddin Suharti , Faradilla Mesfer  
Published: October 2023

Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk melatih kemampuan public speaking mahasiswa untuk menghadapi presentasi seminar proposal dan seminar hasil penelitian. Pelatihan ini didasari karena masih rendahnya kemampuan public speaking mahasiswa yang tercermin dalam presentasi seminar baik proposal maupun hasil yang selama ini ditunjukan oleh mahasiswa. Pelaksanaan pelatihan ini mengacu pada format pelatihan yang lebih mengutamakan latihan daripada pemaparan materi. Adapun acuan kegiatan dari pelatihan ini dimulai dari pengenalan dan pengisian survey terkait tujuan dan harapan mereka mengikuti pelatihan ini, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pemaparan tips dan trick menjadi pemateri presentasi dengan menerapkan metode public speaking yang baik, diikuti dengan praktek ‘1minute challenge’, setelah itu ada evaluasi hasil praktek, dan yang terakhir adalah full presentasi seminar proposal atau hasil penelitian. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan antusisme dari peserta pelatihan, dimana mulai dari awal sampai akhir kegiatan mengikuti kegiatan ini dengan semangat. Metode yang ditawarkan dengan menitikberatkan kepada praktek juga terbukti efektif daripada hanya sekedar pemaparan materi.
Abstract
The purpose of this community service activity was to train students’ public speaking skills to perform presentation at seminar proposal and research result seminar. This training was based on the low performance of students’ public speaking when performed in seminar presentation for both proposal or result seminars. The implementation for this training program focused on practiced rather than theory of public speaking. The reference for this training started with the introduction and filling out the survey regarding their goals and expectations for participating in this training, then proceed with the presentation of tips and tricks to become a presenter by practicing public speaking method which was called ‘1 minute challenge’. After that, there was evaluation from that practice, and lastly at the end of the training the participants presented full seminar presentation for proposal or result seminar. The result of this study showed the enthusiasm of the training participants, who from the beginning to the end showed their active participations. The method was used in this training which focused on practiced rather than theory proved that effective
Statistical Study of Confined Filament/Prominence Eruptions during Solar Cycle 23
Authors: Khaled Safinaz , Damé Luc , Shimeis Amira , Yousef Shahinaz , Semeida Mohamed , Amin Magdy , Ghitas Ahmed , Stoeva Penka , Stoev Alexey 
Published: October 2023

Filament/prominence eruptions can have a significant impact on Earth's upper atmosphere and space environment, and are the primary drivers of what is now called space weather. To distinguish the different types of filament eruptions we statistically examine them during the 23rd Solar cycle. In this study we use 159 filament eruptions using the List of interplanetary (IP) Shocks Observed during Solar Cycle 23 (May 1996 – January 2008) and their Source Information Environmental Satellites (GOES) X-ray plots (see Gopalswamy et al. [Gopalswamy N., H. Xie, P. Mäkelä, S. Akiyama, S. Yashiro et al. (2010) Interplanetary shocks lacking type II radio bursts, Astrophys. J., 710, 1111–1126]). It is found that 69% of the filament eruptions are confined eruptions, while 31% are ejective eruptions. Confined eruptions are 110 and 34 events (21%). They are due to active filaments and 76 events (48%) are due to disappearing filaments. The occurrences of active and disappearing filaments during the increasing phase of solar cycle 23 is found to be 80% while in the decreasing phase they are 13%. We have found that the dominant X-ray flare energy of confined eruptions is that of C class. The most common filaments field extent is located between 5 and 15 degrees. The most common flare duration is between 16 and 40 minutes.
Covalent Organic Framework: A Rising Star in Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Ding Luo‐Gang , Shi Min , Xu Yu‐Lin , Yu Er‐Di , Zhang Yu‐Yu , Li Jian‐Da , Liu Fei , Yao Bing‐Jian , Yu Jiang , Wu Jia‐Qiang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn the face of the escalating antibiotic resistance crisis, the world is embroiled in a silent “antibacterial war”. Scientists are actively searching for innovative antibacterial materials that can be used as effective weapons against bacterial infections. As promising new crystalline porous polymer materials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are gradually revealing their vast potential in antibacterial applications. This study investigates the classification of COF‐based antibacterial agents, provides a comprehensive overview of their applications and research advancements, and explores the antibacterial strategies employed by COF materials. Furthermore, the challenges are outlined that lie ahead for the future application of COF antibacterial agents and insights into their promising prospects within the antibacterial field are offered. Through these efforts, the aim is to accelerate advancements in COFs manufacturing technology, promote innovation in COF‐based antibacterial applications, and contribute to public health.
Enhanced Performance and Durability of Zinc–Air Batteries Utilizing W‐Doped Cobalt Pentlandite Catalysts
Authors: Liu Ning , Peng Zhijian , Sun Jiaming , Tian Ye , Mei Lefu , Lv Guocheng , He Ren , Cabot Andreu , Zhang Junying 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe design of cost‐effective electrocatalysts is critical for advancing sustainable energy technologies, particularly for key reactions like the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in water electrolyzers and metal–air batteries. Cobalt pentlandite (CNFS) has emerged as a promising candidate, offering high conductivity, stability, and the advantage of using abundant elements. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that tungsten (W) doping in CNFS, combined with an increased concentration of sulfur vacancies, can effectively shift the d‐band center downward enhancing metal‐sulfur orbital hybridization. These modifications facilitate the desorption of oxygen intermediate while maintaining structural integrity. Additionally, the engineering of this material with a hollow architecture further increases active site exposure, significantly improving catalytic activity. As a result of this multifaceted approach, the W‐doped CNFS catalyst achieves a remarkably low OER overpotential of 241 mV at 50 mA cm⁻2, alongside enhanced ORR activity. Furthermore, the catalyst demonstrates excellent performance in rechargeable zinc–air batteries (ZABs), achieving a peak power density of 100 mW cm⁻2 and sustaining over 650 h of cycling at 4 mA cm⁻2. Overall, this study presents a viable strategy for improving ZAB performance and reducing costs by utilizing efficient and cost‐effective metal sulfides with a cobalt pentlandite structure.
Trace Iodine Modified Copper Catalyst Drives Asymmetric C─C Coupling in Stable CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Yan Zijun , Liu Min , Guo Zeyu , Chen Quhan , Xi Ziyun , Sun Xue‐Zhong , Yu Jiahui , Wu Tao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCu‐based catalysts efficiently catalyze the electrochemical conversion of CO2 into high‐value multicarbon (C2+) products. However, it remains a challenge to achieve optimal structural stability, product selectivity, and long‐term catalytic durability. In this study, a well‐active oxide‐derived Cu surface consisting predominantly of Cu2O(111) facets is developed, which contains trace amounts of iodine (I). The Cu2O(111) surface enhances the hydrogenation of *CO and facilitates the asymmetric coupling of *CO and *CHO, while the intercalated iodine boosts the adsorption of CO2 and CO. During the reaction, the release of excess I increases the surface roughness, while the remaining iodine controls the chemical state of the surface Cu. These effects together lead to a Faradaic efficiency of 79.0% and a cathodic energy efficiency of 43.5% for C2+ products at a current density of 300 mA cm−2. Moreover, it is found that periodic electrode treatment with iodide prevents the agglomeration of catalysts and preserves sufficient active iodine sites, ensuring improved catalytic stability for C2+ production. This study provides new insights into the synergistic interactions between Cu─O compounds and iodine and offers a promising route for the development of highly active and durable catalytic systems for long‐term CO2 electroreduction.
Rate‐Dependent Failure Behavior Regulation of LiFePO4 Cathode via Functional Interface Engineering
Authors: Tang Rui , Dong Jinyang , Wang Chengzhi , Guan Yibiao , Yin Aining , Yan Kang , Lu Yun , Li Ning , Zhao Guangjin , Li Bowen , Shen Wenjun , Wu Feng , Su Yuefeng , Chen Lai 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLiFePO4 is extensively used as a cathode material in lithium‐ion batteries because of its high safety profile, affordability, and extended cycle life. Nevertheless, its inherently low lithium‐ion transport kinetics and restricted electronic conductivity considerably limit its rate performance. Furthermore, the failure mechanisms specific to various cycling rates are not well examined. This study presents a functional interface layer designed to regulate the rate‐dependent failure behavior of LiFePO4. At elevated charge/discharge rates, this layer facilitates lithium‐ion mobility, decreases internal polarization, alleviates mechanical stress, and reduces structural degradation. At lower cycling rates, it contributes to the formation of a stable cathode‐electrolyte interphase (CEI), effectively suppressing side reactions and minimizing active lithium loss. Consequently, the modified LiFePO4 demonstrates enhanced cycling stability and capacity retention, with capacity retention after 400 cycles at 2C rate increasing from 76.5% to 98.6% and at 5C increasing from 40.2% to 90.0%. Through combinations of experimental data and theoretical analysis, this study elucidates key mechanisms underlying rate‐specific failure regulation, providing valuable insights into the relationship between ion transport dynamics and structural stability. This approach represents an effective strategy for supporting its potential use in advanced energy storage systems that require both rapid charging and prolonged cycling stability.
Reforming Multifunctional Solid Electrolyte Interphase for High‐Performance Zn Anode Through a Nature‐Inspired Strategy
Authors: Ma Qing , Song Weihao , Zhang Xiaoya , Yang Na , Wu Bing , Zheng Chengjin , Fujishige Masatsugu , Takeuchi Kenji , Endo Morinobu , Niu Jin , Wang Feng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAqueous Zn metal batteries (AZMBs) have appealing advantages, including good safety, low cost, and high volumetric energy density. However, serious parasitic reactions and dendrite growth at Zn anodes hinder practical applications of AZMBs. Here, a nature‐inspired strategy is proposed to improve Zn anodes using plant‐cell derivatives as additives for ZnSO4 electrolytes. In the electrolyte, TEMPO (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl)‐oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCN) and calcium lignosulfonate (CL) with specific functional groups modulate the Zn2+ solvation structure. More importantly, they reform a cell membrane/wall‐like functional layer with high mechanical strength and selective Zn2+ transmission/plating on the anode surface, which enables uniform Zn deposition and alleviates side reactions. As a result, symmetric cells using the dual‐additive electrolyte exhibit highly reversible and dendrite‐free Zn stripping/plating behavior for over 2000 and 500 h at 2 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2 and 10 mA cm−2/10 mAh cm−2, respectively. Furthermore, a Zn//NH4V4O10 full cell using the electrolyte shows a good cycling stability over 300 cycles with a low negative/positive (N/P) ratio. A high energy density of 92.9 Wh kg−1 can be delivered with limited metallic Zn consumption, showing that the electrolyte has good prospects for practical use.
Distinctive Doping Behavior of Conjugated Polymers With Pendant‐Side Conjugation for Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties
Authors: Kim Hyeokjun , Kim Sang Beom , Pyo Seungok , Jang Jaeyoung , Jung In Hwan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOrganic thermoelectric (OTE) materials are continuously evolving through the development of novel conjugated polymers and corresponding doping methods. FeCl3 doping is the most commonly used method because of its affordability and strong oxidizing power. However, at high dopant concentrations, FeCl3 interferes with the molecular ordering and negatively impacts on the morphology, which causes a substantial decline in performance. To address this issue, in this study, new OTE polymers with π‐conjugation along the pendant side are developed. This unique polymeric structure enables pendant doping with FeCl3 by forming a strong binding complex at the conjugated side chains, where an abundant free volume exists. Consequently, the intermolecular ordering of the OTE polymer is well preserved even under high dopant concentration, thereby enabling a high power factor exceeding 10 µW m−1 K−2 consistently across a wide range of high dopant concentrations (16–32 mM) for the first time. This distinctive doping behavior on the pendant side will provide a new opportunity to develop high‐performance OTE polymers.
Fabricating Lattice‐Confined Pt Single Atoms With High Electron‐Deficient State for Alkali Hydrogen Evolution Under Industrial‐Current Density
Authors: Cao Dong , Gao Peng , Shen Yuge , Qiao Liang , Ma Mengyao , Guo Xiaoyan , Cheng Daojian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe confining effect is essential to regulate the activity and stability of single‐atom catalysts (SACs), but the universal fabrication of confined SACs is still a great challenge. Here, various lattice‐confined Pt SACs supported by different carriers are constructed by a universal co‐reduction approach. Notably, Pt single atoms confined in the lattice of Ni(OH)2 (Pt1/Ni(OH)2) with a high electron‐deficient state exhibit excellent activity for basic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Specifically, Pt1/Ni(OH)2 just requires 15 mV to get 10 mA cm−2 and the mass activity of Pt1/Ni(OH)2 is 15 times of commercial Pt/C. Moreover, Pt1/Ni(OH)2 assembled in an alkaline water electrolyzer shows 1030 h durability under the industrial current density of 800 mA cm−2. In situ spectroscopy techniques reveal Pt─H and “free” OH radical can be directly observed for Pt1/Ni(OH)2, confirming the lattice‐confined Pt single atoms play a key role during HER. Further density functional theory uncovers the Pt 3d orbital strongly hybridizes with O 2p and Ni 3d orbitals in Ni(OH)2, which quickly optimizes the electronic state of the Pt site, thus largely reducing the energy barrier of the rate‐determining step to 0.16 eV for HER. Finally, this synthesis method is extended to construct other 9 lattice‐confined SACs.
Crystallographic Spin Torque Conductivity Tensor of Epitaxial IrO2 Thin Films for Oxide Spintronics
Authors: Patton Michael , Pharis Daniel A. , Gurung Gautam , Huang Xiaoxi , Noh Gahee , Tsymbal Evgeny Y. , Choi Si‐Young , Ralph Daniel C. , Rzchowski Mark S. , Eom Chang‐Beom 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUnconventional spin‐orbit torques arising from electric‐field‐generated spin currents in anisotropic materials have promising potential for spintronic applications, including for perpendicular magnetic switching in high‐density memory applications. Here, all the independent elements of the spin torque conductivity tensor allowed by bulk crystal symmetries for the tetragonal conductor IrO2 are determined via measurements of conventional (in‐plane) anti‐damping torques for IrO2 thin films in the high‐symmetry (001) and (100) orientations. It is then tested whether rotational transformations of this same tensor can predict both the conventional and unconventional anti‐damping torques for IrO2 thin films in the lower‐symmetry (101), (110), and (111) orientations, finding good agreement. The results confirm that spin‐orbit torques from all these orientations are consistent with the bulk symmetries of IrO2, and show how simple measurements of conventional torques from high‐symmetry orientations of anisotropic thin films can provide an accurate prediction of the unconventional torques from lower‐symmetry orientations.
Maximizing Output Energy via Suppressing Charge Loss and Increasing Load Voltage in Charge Extraction Process
Authors: Li Kaixian , Gong Siqi , Wang Xue , Fu Shaoke , Wu Huiyuan , Wang Jian , Xu Shuyan , Li Gui , Shan Chuncai , Hu Chenguo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe effective collection of interfacial tribo‐charges and an increase in load voltage are two essential factors that improve the output energy of triboelectric nanogenerators. However, some tribo‐charges are hardly collected through one or multiple integrated side electrodes based on corona discharge, and their load voltages are limited by air breakdown in adjacent electrodes. In this study, a dynamic quasi‐dipole potential distribution model is proposed to systematically reveal the mechanisms of interfacial tribo‐charge loss. Based on this model, an optimization route is designed to reduce the interfacial charge loss stepwise, achieving a 15‐fold improvement in charge collection from the tribo‐interface. A potential difference enhancement strategy is used for the first time to increase the air breakdown threshold between the inner electrodes and increase the output voltage under a large load. By effective increase in charge collection efficiency and load voltage, a historical record output energy density of 5.03 J m−2 is obtained. This study refined and optimized the interfacial charge loss mechanisms and provided advanced guidance for efficiently extracting energy during the triboelectrification process.
Spin State Modulation with Oxygen Vacancy Orientates C/N Intermediates for Urea Electrosynthesis of Ultrahigh Efficiency
Authors: Liang Jinyan , Deng Shengjue , Li Zhengyi , Zhou Min , Wang Su , Su Yaqiong , Yang Song , Li Hu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe co‐electrolysis of CO2 and NO3− to synthesize urea has become an effective pathway to alternate the conventional Bosch‐Meiser process, while the complexity of C‐/N‐containing intermediates for C−N coupling results in the urea electrosynthesis of unsatisfactory efficiency. In this work, an electronic spin state modulation maneuver with oxygen vacancies (Ov) is unveiled to effectively meliorate the oriented generation of key intermediates *NH2 and *CO for C−N coupling, furnishing urea in ultrahigh yield of 2175.47 µg mg−1 h−1 and Faraday efficiency of 70.1%. Mechanistic studies expound that Ov can induce the conversion of the high‐spin state Ni2+ (t2g6eg2) of Ni@CeO2−x to the low‐spin state Ni3+ (t2g6eg1), which markedly enhances the hybridization degree of the Ni 3d and the N 2p orbitals of *NO, facilitating the selective formation of *NH2. Notably, the in situ generated *NH2 intermediates can serve as a localized proton donor to promote the electroreduction of CO2 on the adjacent site Ce3+−O to exclusively afford *CO, followed by C−N coupling of each other to efficiently synthesize urea. The strategy of tailored switching of the active site spin state provides a reliable reference to rectify the electronic structure of electrocatalysts for directional CO2 valorization.