bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition and reversal of platelet aggregation by αIIbβ3 antagonists depends on the anticoagulant and flow conditions: differential effects of Abciximab and Lamifiban
Authors: Frojmovic Mony , Labarthe Benoit , Legrand Chantal 
Published: September 2005

SummaryShear influences platelet aggregate formation and stability, as well as the inhibitory capacities of antithrombotic drugs. We compared the inhibitory and disaggregating properties of two distinct αIIbβ3 antagonists, Abciximab and Lamifiban, on platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (5 μmol/l) in platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), in an aggregometer (poorly defined low shear, <100/s) and in a microcouette at arterial shear rate (1000/s). Platelet aggregation was detected by changes in light transmission in the aggregometer (TA), and by particle counting with a flow cytometer (PA). Lamifiban (1 μmol/l) completely inhibited TA or PA induced by ADP in citrated PRP in the aggregometer or microcouette. In contrast, Abciximab (2 μmol/l) only partially inhibited PA in the microcouette while blocking both TA and PA in the aggregometer. Moreover, Abciximab did not reverse platelet aggregates formed either in the microcouette or in the aggregometer, whereas Lamifiban caused complete reversal. On the contrary, Abciximab completely inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP in hirudin/d‐Phe–Pro–Arg–chloromethylketone PRP in the microcouette. Our results demonstrate a marked dependence of inhibitory capacity of Abciximab on shear conditions, with citrate anticoagulant responsible for the residual aggregation, in contrast to Lamifiban, another αIIbβ3 antagonist interacting with a distinct site on β3.
Peripheral B lymphocyte β1,3‐galactosyltransferase and chaperone expression in immunoglobulin A nephropathy
Authors: QIN W. , ZHOU Q. , YANG L.‐C. , LI Z. , SU B.‐H. , LUO H. , FAN J.‐M. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract.Purpose.  Aberrant O‐glycosylation of serum IgA1 is presumed to be one of the main pathogenesis of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). β1,3‐galactosyltransferase (β1,3GT), whose activity requires coexistence of a specific chaperone, is the main enzyme which participate in the glycosylation process. The current study was carried out to elucidate the expression level of β1,3GT (C1GALT1) and its chaperone (Cosmc) in IgAN, and their relationships with clinical features as well as IgA glycosylation level.Design, setting and subjects.  Forty‐one patients with IgAN, 21 patients with non‐IgAN glomerulonephritis and 26 normal controls were included in the present study. Peripheral B lymphocytes were isolated, and then expression level of C1GALT1 and Cosmc were quantitatively measured by real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Serum IgA level and glycosylation level were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and VV lectin‐binding method. Correlation analysis was performed between C1GALT1/Cosmc expression levels and clinical manifestations (severe proteinuria, renal dysfunction, gross haematuria).Results.  B‐lymphocyte Cosmc gene expression level was significantly lower in IgAN patients than that of normal control and non‐IgAN patients (P < 0.05), whilst no apparent disparity was observed in C1GALT1 expression level. Cosmc expression showed a negative correlation with IgA O‐glycosylation level indicated by VV lectin‐binding assay. Statistical analysis also indicated that the level of Cosmc expression was negatively correlated with severe proteinuria (P < 0.05) instead of gross haematuria (P > 0.05).Conclusion.  These data suggested that the aberrant IgA O‐glycosylation in IgAN was resulted from a downregulation of β1,3GT chaperone (Cosmc) expression in B lymphocyte, which is closely associated with clinical characteristics of the disease. This downregulation might be one of the fundamental pathogenic abnormalities in IgAN.
Serum matrix metalloproteinase‐3 concentration is influenced by MMP‐3 −1612 5A/6A promoter genotype and associated with myocardial infarction
Authors: SAMNEGÅRD A. , SILVEIRA A. , LUNDMAN P. , BOQUIST S. , ODEBERG J. , HULTHE J. , MCPHEAT W. , TORNVALL P. , BERGSTRAND L. , ERICSSON C.‐G. , HAMSTEN A. , ERIKSSON P. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract.Objectives.  Matrix metalloproteinase‐3 (MMP‐3) is implicated in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, and the MMP‐3 −1612 5A/6A polymorphism is associated with myocardial infarction (MI) and stable coronary artery disease (CAD). The present study examined whether the −1612 5A/6A polymorphism in the promoter region of the MMP‐3 gene influences serum concentrations of MMP‐3 and whether serum concentrations of MMP‐3 are related to extent of coronary atherosclerosis and risk of MI.Design and subjects.  This case–control study was conducted in three hospitals in the northern part of Stockholm. A total of 755 MI patients aged below 60 were screened, 433 entered and 387 completed the study. Three hundred and eighty‐seven sex‐ and age‐matched control subjects were recruited from the general population of the same county.Methods.  The MMP‐3 genotype was determined by PyrosequencingTM and the serum MMP‐3 concentration was quantified with an immunoassay. Severity and extension of CAD was assessed by quantitative coronary angiography in a subgroup of patients (n = 243).Results.  Patients had lower serum MMP‐3 concentration than controls. There was a strong association between MMP‐3 −1612 5A/6A genotype and serum concentrations of MMP‐3. The presence of one or two copies of the 6A‐allele was associated with a graded increase in serum MMP‐3. In female patients there was an inverse correlation (r = −0.39, P < 0.05) between serum MMP‐3 concentration and plaque area.Conclusion.  In conclusion, the serum concentration of MMP‐3 is influenced by MMP‐3 −1612 5A/6A genotype and associated with MI.
The effects of tegaserod, a 5‐HT4 receptor agonist, on gastric emptying in a murine model of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Crowell M. D. , Mathis C. , Schettler V. A. , Yunus T. , Lacy B. E. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract  The C57BLKS/J db/db transgenic mouse is a model of diabetes mellitus that has been shown to have delayed gastric emptying. We assessed gastric emptying rates in C57BLKS/J mice, and determined the effects of tegaserod, a new selective 5‐HT4 receptor partial agonist, on gastric emptying.Methods:  Gastric emptying rates of a 20% glucose test meal were determined in 12–20‐week‐old female db/db mice and control littermates. The effects of tegaserod (0.1–2.0 mg kg−1, i.p.) on gastric transit were tested in a second group of db/db mice. Pretreatment with GR11308, a specific 5‐HT4antagonist, was used to confirm the mechanism of action of tegaserod on gastric emptying.Results:  Gastric emptying of glucose was significantly slower in db/db mice than in control littermates. Tegaserod (0.1 mg kg−1) significantly accelerated the gastric emptying rate of glucose in db/db mice, reducing the fraction of the meal remaining in the stomach at 30 min by 80%. GR11308 blocked the gastrokinetic effects of tegaserod.Conclusions:  Gastric emptying was impaired in db/db mice. Low dose tegaserod improved gastric emptying rates in this model of gastroparesis through the activation of 5‐HT4 receptors. These findings suggest that 5‐HT4 receptor agonists may prove useful for improving delayed gastric emptying in gastroparesis.
Short‐term ursodeoxycholic acid treatment improves gallbladder bile turnover in gallstone patients: a randomized trial
Authors: Guarino M. P. , Carotti S. , Sarzano M. , Alloni R. , Vanni M. , Grosso M. , Sironi G. , Maffettone P. L. , Cicala M. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract  Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) prevents in vitro gallbladder (GB) muscle damage caused by acute cholecystitis and reduces risk of biliary pain and complications in gallstone (GS) patients. These effects could be partially explained by the improved GB bile turnover.Objectives:  To assess the effect of short‐term UDCA treatment on GB motility and bile turnover.Methods:  Ultrasonographic (US) assessment of GB volumes was performed in 16 GS patients, in the postprandial phase, for 90 min with a time sampling of 1 min, before and after 30 days of UDCA (10 mg kg−1 die−1) or placebo, randomly assigned. US data were analysed with statistical tools and with computer fluido‐dynamic (CFD) software FluentTM to simulate GB bile flow.Results:  After therapy, fasting volume (FV) increased from 21.6 ± 9 to 28.2 ± 12 mL (p < 0.001) while the ejection fraction (EF) remained unchanged (44.5 ± 17% vs 45.1 ± 20%; p: ns). Volumes before and after treatment were poorly correlated (0.02 < r < 0.35), unlike those in placebo patients (r > 0.6). The average GB volume was increased in 7 out of 10 patients following UDCA (range 7–67%). CFD analysis supports the finding of improved bile flow after treatment.Conclusions:  Unlike results of conventional US parameters of GB motility, CFD analysis shows that UDCA improves GB bile turnover in GS patients.
Laboratory wash resistance of long‐lasting insecticidal nets
Authors: Gimnig John E. , Lindblade Kim A. , Mount Dwight L. , Atieli Francis K. , Crawford Sara , Wolkon Adam , Hawley William A. , Dotson Ellen M. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryLong‐lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) may eliminate the need for retreatment of mosquito nets used for the control of malaria and other vector‐borne diseases. The efficacy of LLINs after repeated washing under laboratory conditions has been used to predict long‐lasting efficacy under field conditions. We evaluated under laboratory conditions the wash resistance of two LLINs (PermaNet® 1.0, Vestergaard‐Frandsen, Denmark; Olyset®, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Japan), two candidate LLINs (Dawa®, Siamdutch Mosquito Netting Co., Thailand; Insector, Athanor, France) and a net treated with a process designed to increase its wash resistance and compared them with conventionally treated nets (deltamethrin, 25 mg/m2). Nets of all six types were washed using a standard protocol and tested weekly using WHO cone bioassays with Anopheles gambiae (Kisumu strain). The PermaNet® 1.0 was the most wash resistant with >50% mosquito mortality in WHO cone bioassays after as many as 20 washes. The Dawa® net also retained some activity after repeated washing but exhibited wide variation in insecticide retention and biological activity. The remaining nets lost >90% of their biological activity after six washes as measured by 24‐h mortality of A. gambiae in WHO cone tests. After 20 washes, all nets lost >50% of their initial insecticide concentrations except for the Olyset® net. After 20 washes, nets were heated for 4 h at 60 °C to determine whether biological activity could be restored by heat‐assisted regeneration. Only the Olyset® net was regenerated by heating, with average mosquito mortality and knockdown in WHO cone tests rising to >90% after heating for 4 h at 60 °C. However, regeneration of the biological activity of Olyset® nets that had been washed three times did not occur at 30 °C or 35 °C after 12 weeks. The wash resistance of these LLINs corresponded well to their retention of biological activity observed in a field trial, suggesting that wash resistance may be a good predictor of the longevity of insecticidal activity of LLINs under field conditions.
Short communication: Impact of long‐term (14 years) bi‐annual ivermectin treatment on Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia
Authors: Kyelem D. , Medlock J. , Sanou S. , Bonkoungou M. , Boatin B. , Molyneux D. H. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryIvermectin has been and continues to be extensively used to control onchocerciasis in areas of hyper and mesoendemicity within the African Programme of Onchocerciasis Control. As programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF) caused by Wuchereria bancrofti expand, areas of coendemicity with onchocerciasis will be incorporated into LF programmes. This study reports that in villages which were hyperendemic for onchocerciasis after some 14 years of treatment with ivermectin, no W. bancrofti could be detected in a population of 1210 individuals whilst in adjacent villages a prevalence of around 3% was found. Despite the long period of ivermectin treatment Mansonella perstans did not appear to respond to ivermectin in this setting.
Epidemiology of drug‐resistant malaria in Republic of Congo: using molecular evidence for monitoring antimalarial drug resistance combined with assessment of antimalarial drug use
Authors: Nsimba Basile , Jafari‐Guemouri Sayeh , Malonga David A. , Mouata André M. , Kiori Jeannine , Louya Frédéric , Yocka Dominique , Malanda Maurice , Durand Rémy , Le Bras Jacques 
Published: September 2005

SummaryIn Congo, urgent efforts are needed to help with the revision of the national antimalarial drug policy. Despite its high resistance level, chloroquine (CQ) is still extensively used as the first‐line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The study was conducted in children under 5 years with uncomplicated malaria in Pointe‐Noire and Brazzaville, the two largest cities that contain approximately 60% of the population of Congo. We investigated by polymerized chain reaction and sequencing methods the frequency distribution of molecular markers for antimalarial drug resistance, including mutations in P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) gene associated with CQ resistance and mutations in dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthetase (dhps) genes conferring resistance to sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) among pre‐treatment P. falciparum isolates, as well as assessing antimalarial drug use in the community. pfcrt (K76T) mutation was present in most isolates (96.4%, n = 138) and high frequency (69.2%, n = 133) of triple‐mutant dhfr‐S108N, N51I, C59R was observed. The quintuple mutant (dhfr‐S108N, N51I, C59R and dhps‐A437G or S436A, K540E) considered as molecular marker for SP treatment failure was not found because dhps‐K540E mutation was absent in isolates tested; this is a clear evidence for the excellent efficacy of SP that we previously described in the same population. The complete absence of the dhps‐K540E mutation is a deterrent component for using this molecular marker as an early warning tool for SP resistance testing in that population. Poor compliance issues related to the antimalarial drug use including inappropriate manufacturing practices reported in this study require intensive attention and should be taken into account when implementing drug policy change. If Congo changes its treatment policy from CQ to SP monotherapy, this will not last long. The strategy of combining SP with other affordable and effective antimalarial drugs such as the artemisinin derivatives to improve efficacy and to delay the development of parasite resistance is essential.
Ten novel HLA‐DRB1 alleles and one novel DRB3 allele
Authors: Lazaro A. M. , Steiner N. K. , Moraes M. E. , Moraes J. R. , Ng J. , Hartzman R. J. , Hurley C. K. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTen novel HLA‐DRB1 and one DRB3 alleles are described. Eight of the variants are single‐nucleotide substitutions, four resulting in an amino acid change (DRB1*1145, *1148, *0828 and *1514) and four with silent substitutions (DRB1*040504, *130103, *160502 and DRB3*020204). Two alleles differ by two nucleotide changes altering one (DRB1*1447 and *1361) amino acid and one allele alters three nucleotides and two amino acids.
Novel HLA‐Cw*06 allele, Cw*0612, identified by sequence‐based typing†
Authors: Hwang S.‐H. , Cha C.‐H. , Kwon O.‐J. , Heo Y.‐S. , Hur S.‐S. , Lee M.‐N. , Oh H.‐B. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn this report, we describe the identification of an human leucocyte antigen‐Cw*06 (HLA‐Cw*06) nucleotide sequence variant, a new HLA‐Cw*0612. The new allele was detected during routine HLA typing by high‐resolution sequence‐based typing. Allele Cw*0612 showed one nucleotide difference with Cw*0602 at codon 153 (GCG→ACG) resulting in an amino acid change from alanine to threonine.
HLA‐A*2626, a new allele identified through external proficiency‐testing exercise†
Authors: Longhi E. , Frison S. , Colombini I. , Malagoli A. , Crespiatico L. , Poli F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA new allele, officially named HLA‐A*2626, has been detected in a blood sample belonging to a Caucasian subject human leucocyte antigen typed for Lombardy Region external proficiency‐testing exercise. The DNA sequences of exons 2, 3 and 4 of this new allele are identical to those of HLA‐A*2601 except at codon 259 of exon 4 (CCT→CTT). This variation modifies the encoded protein from proline to leucine.
Quantitative rules for lymphocyte regulation: the cellular calculus and decisions between tolerance and activation
Authors: Hodgkin P. D. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe innovation of fluorescent division‐tracking techniques has elevated our understanding of lymphocytes to a new level. These techniques applied in vitro have identified quantitative rules for lymphocyte differentiation, proliferation and survival that had previously been hidden. The many patterns of quantitative response revealed by these analyses provide a sharp contrast to the traditional idea that T cells must make a binary choice between tolerance and activation. Here, evidence for the classic dogma of two‐signal theory and T–T help is re‐examined in the light of the new quantitative view to show how logical difficulties can be resolved.
MHC‐F DNA sequences in bonobo, gorilla and orangutan
Authors: Rojo R. , Castro M. J. , Martinez‐Laso J. , Serrano‐Vela J. I. , Morales P. , Moscoso J. , Zamora J. , Arnaiz‐Villena A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐F class Ib locus shows a limited polymorphism, and the function of its mainly intracellular protein is not clear. We have identified human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐F orthologous DNA sequences in Pongidae in order to study the MHC‐F gene evolution and its products' function. HLA‐F orthologous cDNA transcripts are found in chimpanzee and in the new primate species studied (bonobo, gorilla and orangutan). Analyses of the predicted amino acid sequences and their comparison with other primate MHC‐F proteins show that MHC‐F may be a protein with a typical class I structure and that the key residues of the peptide‐binding region (PBR) are highly conserved in MHC‐F in all studied primates species. Thus, MHC‐F conservation along the primate evolution suggests an important role in cellular physiology. It is possible that the MHC‐F protein could be involved, together with MHC‐G and MHC‐E, in the natural killer (NK) cell activity regulation, although rhesus macaque does not express MHC‐G and MHC‐E orthologues. The evolutionary pathway of the six‐base‐pair deletion at exon 2 existing in some primates is put forward.
A first estimate of the amino acid requirement for milk production of the high‐producing female mink (Mustela vison)
Authors: Fink R. , Tauson A.‐H. , Chwalibog A. , Hansen N. E. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryThirty mink dams nursing litters of six kits were assigned to one of three dietary treatments [high protein (HP), medium protein (MP) and low protein (LP)], fed ad libitum for 4 week from parturition, to investigate the effects of protein supply on milk yield and milk composition in order to estimate the amino acid requirement of the lactating mink. Twelve dams were held in an intensive care unit and subjected to balance experiments and the kits were injected with deuterium oxide to determine water kinetics and milk yield. Eighteen dams were kept under normal farm conditions but with feed intake of dams and live weight gain of kits being determined and milk samples collected. The ME intake was higher (p < 0.05) in dams fed the LP and MP diets than in dams fed the HP diet, whereas the amino acid intake (g/day) was lowest (p < 0.05) in dams fed the LP diet. In the third and fourth weeks of lactation milk yield was higher (p < 0.05) in dams fed the LP and MP diets than in dams fed the HP diet. Chemical composition of milk was not affected (p > 0.05) by dietary treatment. However, protein content tended (p = 0.06) to be lower in dams fed the LP diet. Amino acid content (g/16 g N) of milk was higher (p < 0.05) in dams fed the LP and MP diets than in dams fed the HP diet. This resulted in the highest (p < 0.05) amino acid intake and highest (p < 0.001) live weights of kits nursed by dams fed the LP and MP diets, which may be explained by a combined effect of higher ME intake and reduced energetic costs for glucose production through less amino acids being used in gluconeogenesis. In conclusion, the improved performance of dams fed the LP diet suggested that their requirement of essential amino acids and non‐specific N were covered, and the requirement of digestible amino acids of lactating mink (kg0.75) was, thereby, estimated by use of a factorial approach including the amino acid excretion in milk of LP dams.
Long‐term effects of early‐life dietary L‐carnitine on lymphoid organs and immune responses in Leghorn‐type chickens
Authors: Deng K. , Wong C. W. , Nolan J. V. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryThe long‐term effects of supplementing Leghorn‐type chickens with dietary L‐carnitine after hatching for 4 weeks on growth, lymphoid organ weights, humoral and cell‐mediated immune responses were assessed in a 12‐week study. A commercial starter feed supplemented with 0 (control), 100 (LC) or 1000 (HC) mg L‐carnitine/kg was offered to day‐old ISA Brown cockerels for 4 weeks, then all birds were given a commercial pullet grower feed for another 8 weeks. No differences (p > 0.05) in growth rates, feed intake or feed utilisation efficiency existed among the dietary treatments throughout the study. Compared with control birds, HC‐fed birds had a lower (p < 0.05) thymus weight relative to bodyweight (BW) at Week 4, but a higher (p < 0.05) relative thymus weight at Week 12. A higher (p < 0.05) serum primary antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in HC‐fed birds than in the other two groups was also detected at Week 12. Relative spleen or bursa weights and cutaneous responses of toe webs to phytohaemagglutimin (PHA) (an in vivo indicator of cell‐mediated immune responses) did not differ (p > 0.05) among dietary treatments at any time. It is concluded that a short‐term supply of dietary L‐carnitine to a conventional commercial feed after hatching enhanced subsequent humoral immunity in Leghorn‐type chickens. Further study is warranted to confirm such a long‐term effect.
Effects of level of feed intake and Fusarium toxin‐contaminated wheat on rumen fermentation as well as on blood and milk parameters in cows
Authors: Seeling K. , Lebzien P. , Dänicke S. , Spilke J. , Südekum K.‐H. , Flachowsky G. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryThe aims of this study were to examine the effects of and possible interactions between dry matter (DM) intake and feeding Fusarium toxin‐contaminated wheat on ruminal fermentation, serum chemical parameters and milk yield of dairy cows. Fourteen dairy cows equipped with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were analysed. All animals were fed the same ration, the daily feed amounts being adjusted to current performance. On DM basis, the ration consisted of 60% concentrate including 55% wheat [Fusarium‐contaminated wheat (mycotoxin period) or control wheat (control period)] and was completed with 40% maize and grass silage. Each cow was fed the contaminated wheat [deoxynivalenol (DON), 8.21 mg/kg DM and zearalenone (ZON), 0.09 mg/kg DM] and the control wheat (0.25 mg DON/kg DM and 51 μg ZON/kg DM). As expected, a higher organic matter (OM) intake decreased the amounts of fermented crude nutrients related to the respective intakes. An increased amount of crude protein degraded (p < 0.05) and a lower molar percentage of propionate in the rumen fluid were observed when feeding the Fusarium toxin‐contaminated wheat at increased OM intakes in comparison with the control wheat. The activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT; p < 0.001), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH; p < 0.01) and gamma glutamyl transferase (γ‐GT; p < 0.01) increased with increasing OM intake and were not related to the mycotoxin contamination of the wheat.