bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zeta potential as a measure of polyelectrolyte flocculation and the effect of polymer dosing conditions on cell removal from fermentation broth
Authors: Pearson Carrie R. , Heng Meng , Gebert Mark , Glatz Charles E. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractCharacterization of flocculation for cell removal from fermentation broth via polyelectrolyte addition is commonly based on qualitative methods such as physical appearance of the floc. The use of zeta potential as a quantitative measure of floc character was evaluated as an indicator of optimal polymer addition. Zeta potential was found to increase with increasing cationic polyelectrolyte dosage, but never reached zero regardless of the total amount of polymer added, indicating flocculation occurs at least partially through a bridging type mechanism. Experiments were conducted using various polymer concentrations (25–75 g/L) and dosing methods (batch, incremental and continuous addition) that resulted in variable overall polymer requirements to achieve optimum flocculation. Zeta potential was found to be constant at optimal floc character regardless of the total amount of polymer added, polymer concentration, or method of polymer addition. Experiments with two additional types of fermentation broth also showed characteristic zeta potentials at optimal flocculation. Polymer requirements to achieve a particular floc character can vary greatly, depending on polymer dosing conditions and fermentation batch. The effect of polymer dosing conditions on the polymer requirement to obtain optimal floc character was evaluated. Polymer dosing method and calcium concentration were both found to have a significant effect (P < 0.0001) with continuous polymer addition and high calcium concentration requiring less polymer than did batch polymer addition and low calcium concentration, respectively. Polymer dosing concentration did not significantly affect polymer requirement for optimal flocculation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Establishing the multidisciplinary care of patients with cancer in the state of Delaware
Authors: Petrelli Nicholas J. , Grusenmeyer Patrick A. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractDelaware has the fifth highest cancer death rate in the U.S. As part of a comprehensive program to decrease the cancer mortality and incidence in the state, an infrastructure to establish the multidisciplinary care of patients with cancer was established. In May 2002, Christiana Care Health Services opened the Helen F. Graham Cancer Center to meet the specific need for coordinated and centralized comprehensive cancer care. This effort took the cooperation of many individuals in a community‐based teaching hospital, the largest of six acute care hospitals in the state. These efforts have led to a 13% accrual rate to the Community Clinical Oncology Program funded by the National Cancer Institute. The effort also led to the establishment of multidisciplinary disease site centers with representation from the three major physician disciplines of surgery, medical oncology, and radiation oncology. In addition, translational research projects, a tissue procurement center, and genetic counseling and testing with the establishment of a high‐risk family cancer registry and collaborative efforts with hospitals across the state were established. The current article reviewed the continued success of this program in the state of Delaware in the effort to reduce the cancer incidence and mortality. Cancer 2004;. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Adult Wilms' tumor: A monoinstitutional experience and a review of the literature
Authors: Terenziani Monica , Spreafico Filippo , Collini Paola , Piva Luigi , Perotti Daniela , Podda Marta , Gandola Lorenza , Massimino Maura , Cereda Stefano , Cefalo Graziella , Luksch Roberto , Casanova Michela , Ferrari Andrea , Polastri Daniela , Valagussa Pinuccia , Fossati‐Bellani Franca 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors reviewed their institutional experience regarding adult patients with Wilms' tumor (WT) to assess their clinical characteristics and compliance with respect to children's treatment guidelines.METHODSA total of 17 adult patients (median age at the time of diagnosis of 17.5 years; range, 16–29 years) were referred to the study institute between 1983 and 2001 and were followed for a median of 131 months. The treatment modality was planned according to the two consecutive Italian protocols for WT that were active during the referral years. The patients were staged according to the National Wilms Tumor Study‐4 (NWTS) staging system as follows: eight patients had Stage II disease, four patients had Stage III disease, and five patients had Stage IV disease.RESULTSAll the patients but one underwent nephrectomy, with three incomplete surgeries performed. Two patients with Stage II disease were treated elsewhere with nephrectomy only and they were admitted to the study institution at the time of disease recurrence. Anaplasia was found to be present in only one patient with Stage IV disease. The authors noted 9 cases of disease recurrence or progression occurring during treatment and 6 of these 9 patients died of their disease, with an overall survival rate of 62.4% at 5 years.CONCLUSIONSCompared with children, adults with WT are reported to have a worse prognosis. In the current study, the authors found that poor compliance with specific therapeutic guidelines may contribute to this poorer outcome. Because of the rarity of this disease, adults with WT are at a risk of either undertreatment or incorrect treatment. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Prostate carcinoma among men with human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Crum Nancy F. , Spencer Craig R. , Amling Christopher L. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDSeveral malignancies are known to occur more frequently in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. To determine the incidence of prostate carcinoma in men with HIV infection, the authors initiated a prostate carcinoma screening program in a large HIV clinic.METHODSBeginning in February 2002, monitoring of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels and digital rectal examination (DRE) were included in the routine annual health maintenance provided to men with HIV infection age ≥ 35 years who were followed in the infectious disease clinic at the Naval Medical Center San Diego. All men with prostate carcinoma in this population over the last 2 years were reviewed. Demographic data (age, ethnicity), duration of HIV infection, laboratory values (CD4 counts and HIV viral load), and medication use were determined by medical record review. Men with elevated PSA levels (levels above age‐adjusted PSA values or PSA velocity ≥ 0.75 ng/mL per year) or abnormal DRE results were referred for urologic evaluation. Comparisons between groups were performed using a logistic regression model and the Fisher exact test. Multivariate analysis was performed by logistic regression to determine relations between prostate carcinoma and patient characteristics.RESULTSTwo hundred sixty‐nine men age ≥ 35 years (mean age, 43.4 years; range, 35–72years) underwent prostate carcinoma screening by DRE, and 216 men also received PSA testing. Overall, 56.3% of the patients were white, 28.7% were African American, and 15% were of other racial ethnicity. Of the 216 men, 7 (3.2%) had elevated PSA values, and none had abnormal DRE results. Three patients were diagnosed with prostatitis (PSA range, 3.3–25.7 ng/mL), and 1 patient had high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, which was determined after a biopsy was performed. Repeat PSA evaluations were within normal limits for the remaining three patients. Review of the cohort during the 2‐year period before the current study was initiated revealed 5 additional cases of prostate neoplasia. Prostate carcinoma was common (4 of 11 men, 36.4%) in men age > 60 years and occurred with relatively preserved CD4 counts (mean, 509 cells/mm3). In multivariate analysis, African‐American race (P = 0.020) and duration of HIV infection (P = 0.047) were found to be associated with the development of prostate carcinoma.CONCLUSIONSProstate carcinoma screening identified abnormal PSA values in 3.2% of the HIV‐positive cohort, many associated with prostatitis. Prostate carcinoma was common in older men and was associated with duration of HIV infection. As the life expectancy of men with HIV infection increases, prostate carcinoma screening will become increasingly important in this population. Cancer 2004. Published 2004 by the American Cancer Society.
Mathematical and numerical connections between polynomial extrapolation and Padé approximants: applications in structural mechanics
Authors: Damil N. , Cadou J. M. , Potier‐Ferry M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis paper deals with the convergence acceleration of a sequence of vectors. This acceleration is achieved by using Minimal Polynomial Extrapolation Method (J Comput Appl Math 2000; 122:149–165) or by the vectorial Padé approximants, that have been considered in the framework of high‐order iterative algorithms (Commun Numer Methods Eng 1999; 15:701–708; Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 2000; 190:1845–1858). It is established that, in some cases, these two procedures are mathematically equivalent. In the practice, such techniques are affected by numerical instabilities. So the numerical robustness of the two methods is discussed, on the basis of a test emanating from non‐linear elastic thin shell analysis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Locally refined tetrahedral mesh generation based on advancing front technique with optimization and smoothing scheme
Authors: Choi Woo‐Young , Son Il‐Heon , Im Yong‐Taek 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn this paper, a locally refined tetrahedral mesh generation algorithm based on advancing front technique using optimization scheme with a non‐uniform trial height has been developed for three dimensional forming simulations to improve the quality of the local mesh system and computational efficiency. To generate locally refined surface elements, the refinement region was identified by checking the local effective strain rate and minimum interior angle of a surface element, respectively. In addition, a limiting value for the edge length of the tetrahedron was introduced to avoid generation of extremely small triangular surface elements. The developed scheme was applied for numerical simulations of indentation and spur gear and connecting rod forging. The computational results indicate that the currently developed algorithm was successful in generating better mesh system to finish numerical simulations with relatively shorter computation time compared to the previous scheme with a uniform trial height available in the literature. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linda implementations in Java for concurrent systems
Authors: Wells G. C. , Chalmers A. G. , Clayton P. G. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis paper surveys a number of the implementations of Linda that are available in Java. It provides some discussion of their strengths and weaknesses, and presents the results from benchmarking experiments using a network of commodity workstations. Some extensions to the original Linda programming model are also presented and discussed, together with examples of their application to parallel processing problems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The performance and scalability of SHMEM and MPI‐2 one‐sided routines on a SGI Origin 2000 and a Cray T3E‐600
Authors: Luecke Glenn R. , Spanoyannis Silvia , Kraeva Marina 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis paper compares the performance and scalability of SHMEM and MPI‐2 one‐sided routines on different communication patterns for a SGI Origin 2000 and a Cray T3E‐600. The communication tests were chosen to represent commonly used communication patterns with low contention (accessing distant messages, a circular right shift, a binary tree broadcast) to communication patterns with high contention (a ‘naive’ broadcast and an all‐to‐all). For all the tests and for small message sizes, the SHMEM implementation significantly outperformed the MPI‐2 implementation for both the SGI Origin 2000 and Cray T3E‐600. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new multi‐parameter flow cytometric assay for monitoring lymphoma growth and spread in a pre‐clinical murine model for human lymphoma
Authors: Neeson P. , Paterson Y. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBackgroundMouse survival is commonly used as an indirect measure of lymphoma tumor response to anti‐idiotype vaccine; however, this gives no information regarding residual lymphoma cells at primary or metastatic sites. We aimed to develop a method with which to monitor lymphoma tumor kinetics in the mouse as an independent measure of vaccine efficacy.MethodsWe developed a multi‐parameter flow cytometric (MPFC) assay for 38C13 mouse lymphoma cells using sequential gating to detect aberrant antigen expression and binding by an anti‐idiotype antibody (S1C5). Subsequently, we tested the utility of the MPFC assay in a 38C13 tumor modeling study in the C3H/HeN mouse.ResultsThe MPFC assay was demonstrated in vitro to have both high specificity and sensitivity for 38C13 lymphoma cells. In tumor kinetic studies in the C3H/HeN mouse, as the tumor enlarged, the MPFC assay showed increasing prevalence of 38C13 cells at the inoculation site in addition to metastases to lymphoid organs and bone marrow. The latter findings were confirmed by both histology and immunohistochemistry.ConclusionsThe MPFC assay is an independent parameter for monitoring 38C13 lymphoma kinetics and could be used to monitor tumor response to individual vaccines or other lymphoma therapy prior to clinical trials. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enrichment of presynaptic and postsynaptic markers by size‐based gating analysis of synaptosome preparations from rat and human cortex
Authors: Gylys Karen H. , Fein Jeffrey A. , Yang Fusheng , Cole Gregory M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBackgroundSynapse regions in the brain are difficult to isolate and study; resealed nerve terminals (synaptosomes) are a widely used in vitro system for the study of neurotransmission, but nonsynaptosomal elements in the homogenate complicate data interpretation. With the goal of quantitative analysis of pathways leading to synapse loss in neurodegenerative disease, we have developed a method that allows focus on the intact synaptosomes within a crude synaptosomal preparation by gating the largest particles based on forward angle light scatter (FSC).MethodsCrude synaptosomal fractions (P‐2) were prepared and labeled with a viability dye (calcein AM), a presynaptic marker (SNAP‐25), and a postsynaptic marker (PSD‐95). Forward scatter gates based on size standards were drawn to identify the large population (1.4–4.5 μm), and the enrichment of each marker was quantified in preparations from fresh rat homogenates and from cryopreserved human cortex.ResultsGating on forward scatter resulted in an increase that was highly significant (P < 0.001) for all three markers examined. The calcein‐AM–positive fraction in the large synaptosomes was 98% ± 0.8, and 75% ± 9.8 for rat and human, respectively. Of large particles, 90% ± 2.7 in rat and 82% ± 2.6 in human were positive for SNAP‐25, indicating a relatively pure population of intact synaptosomes. A total of 76% ± 2.9 of the large particles were positive for PSD‐95 in rat. This compared to 36% ± 3.0 in human tissue, and indicates that both presynaptic and postsynaptic elements may be analyzed with this methodology.ConclusionsMost nonsynaptosomal elements can be excluded and the intact subpopulation of interest within the P‐2 can be identified based on size. Size‐based gating analysis provides a simple and cost‐effective method to monitor fluorescence changes in synapse regions. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variances of the predicted state in the steady state for a three‐dimensional radar tracking using a linear filter
Authors: Kosuge Yoshio , Ito Masayoshi 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe explain a tracking method that uses a linear filter to estimate the true values of the position and the velocity with the target position as the radar observation. One representative example is a Kalman filter for three‐dimensional space. The α‐β filter with its easily analyzed performance is widely used in one‐dimensional space. In a tracking method, the tracking precision must be evaluated when sufficient time has elapsed since the initial calculation, that is, in the steady state. The equation for calculating the variance of the errors in the predicted position in the steady state has been reported for radar observations of a constant‐velocity linear motion target by an α‐β filter. In addition, a Kalman filter can obtain the variance of the errors in the predicted position in the steady state by the Riccatti equation. In this case, however, a premise is the presence of drive noise that indicates the ambiguity of the motion model. There is no equation for calculating the variance of the errors in the predicted position in the steady state for the radar observations of a constant‐velocity linear motion target. In this paper, we present an equation for calculating the covariance matrix of the prediction errors in the steady state of the position and velocity for the radar observations of the constant‐velocity linear motion target in a 3D spatial linear filter. The results calculated in this paper present an extension of a conventional α‐β filter. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(12): 68–77, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10186
Synthesis of curved fan‐beams by generalized theory of doubly curved reflectors
Authors: Nomoto Shinichi 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAlthough a reflector antenna with a single reflecting surface called a doubly curved reflector, based on a reflector shaping technology that uses geometrical optics approximation, was effective in synthesizing a fan‐beam, there was ambiguity in the reflector design technique. This paper shows that an exact and unique solution in the sense of geometrical optics is obtainable as a solution of an ordinary differential equation. It then generalizes the doubly curved reflector design method, extending it to the synthesis of a curved fan‐beam whose beam footprint has curvature. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(12): 39–48, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10219
Level of MYC overexpression in pediatric Burkitt's lymphoma is strongly dependent on genomic breakpoint location within the MYC locus
Authors: Wilda Monika , Busch Kerstin , Klose Irmgard , Keller Thomas , Woessmann Wilhelm , Kreuder Joachim , Harbott Jochen , Borkhardt Arndt 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIncreased transcriptional activity of the MYC gene is a characteristic feature of Burkitt's lymphoma. Aberrant MYC expression is caused by (1) chromosomal translocation to one of the loci carrying an immunoglobulin gene, (2) mutation within the translocated allele, (3) loss of the block to transcription elongation, or (4) promoter shift. To investigate the influence of breakpoint locations within the MYC gene on MYC transcript levels, we determined both the precise genomic MYC/IGH breakpoints and the amount of MYC mRNA in 25 samples of pediatric Burkitt's lymphoma with translocation t(8;14)(q24;q32). Patients with breakpoints that were 5′ from MYC exon 1 had significantly lower expression of MYC than did patients who had a breakpoint within exon 1 or intron 1 (P < 0.05 and 0.005, respectively). The highest mRNA level of MYC (1,006 copies per 100 copies ABL1) was detected in patients with loss of the first exon and transcription initiation from a cryptic P3 promoter within the first intron of the MYC gene. In contrast, there was no obvious correlation between breakpoint locations within the IgH locus and the amount of MYC mRNA. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The influence of the pattern of mandibular invasion on recurrence and survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shaw Richard J. , Brown James S. , Woolgar Julia A. , Lowe Derek , Rogers Simon N. , Vaughan E. David 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBackground.Controversy exists over the predictive value of the presence and pattern of tumor invasion of the mandible in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Many authors have questioned increasing the classification of small tumors to T4 on the basis of mandibular invasion alone. There are little data on the influence of the pattern of invasion on prognosis.Methods.We prospectively reviewed 100 consecutive mandibular resections for previously untreated oral SCC. Clinical and pathologic data collected included details of soft and hard tissue histologic findings. Outcomes included recurrence (local, regional, and distant metastases), disease‐specific survival, and death from other causes. The median follow‐up for survivors was 65 months.Results.Of 100 cases, 65 involved segmental and 35 involved marginal resections. Sixty‐two percent of mandibles were invaded by tumor. Local recurrence occured in 21% and was strongly correlated with tumor size, nodal involvement, and pattern of soft tissue invasion. The 5‐year disease‐specific survival was 68%, and the crude survival was 50%. Mandibular invasion predicted for recurrence and disease‐specific survival, even after correcting for the effects of other variables. The pattern of mandibular invasion (erosive/infiltrative) was also predicted for recurrence and disease‐specific survival.Conclusions.Even in the presence of mandibular invasion, soft tissue factors are the most important determinants of prognosis. Upstaging tumors on the basis of mandibular invasion is justified. An infiltrative pattern of bone invasion is a marker of aggressive tumor biology and should be included in the pTNM classification. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals Inc. Head Neck 26: 861–869, 2004
Selenoprotein P, as a predictor for evaluating gemcitabine resistance in human pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Maehara Shin‐ichiro , Tanaka Shinji , Shimada Mitsuo , Shirabe Ken , Saito Yoshiro , Takahashi Kazuhiko , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: June 2004

AbstractGemcitabine is a new standard chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, but the mechanisms of gemcitabine sensitivity are still controversial. In our study to determine a mechanism that regulates gemcitabine sensitivity, we carried out molecular analysis on the susceptibility of the pancreatic cancer cells. Using a gemcitabine‐sensitive pancreatic cancer cell line KLM1, we established a resistant cell line KLM1‐R exhibiting a 20‐fold IC50‐value (the concentration of gemcitabine causing 50% growth inhibition). Microarray analysis of genes showed specific expression of selenoprotein P, one of the anti‐oxidants, in the KLM1‐R cell line but not in the KLM1 cell line. Administration of selenoprotein P inhibited the gemcitabine‐induced cytotoxicity in the pancreatic cell lines. The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased in the KLM1 cells by gemcitabine, but selenoprotein P suppressed the gemcitabine‐induced ROS levels. Furthermore interferon‐γ suppressed the expression of selenoprotein P mRNA and increased intracellular ROS level, leading to the recovery of the gemcitabine sensitivity in KLM1‐R. These results suggest a novel mechanism that selenoprotein P reduces the intracellular ROS levels, resulting in the insusceptibility to gemcitabine. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.