bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Path Towards Virtualized Wireless Communications: A Survey and Research Challenges
Authors: Silva Marco , Santos José , Curado Marília 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo keep up with the increasing number of connected devices in people’s daily lives, it is necessary to develop intelligent mechanisms that perform the entire network management, interconnecting Wi-Fi, and the emerging beyond Fifth-Generation (5G) communications. Hence, it is essential to consider multiple usage scenarios, while managing end devices’ limitations. As a result, developing a system that allows network operators to link Wi-Fi services on their main networks becomes a critical issue. These include a new paradigm that tackles optimal and dynamic resource allocation techniques. Thus, to consider in a combined way, the applications requirements, the resources available, and the different tiers involved, mechanisms such as virtualization and slicing have emerged to handle the heterogeneous context of the next-generation wireless communications. Moreover, the allocation of Radio Access Network (RAN) resources needs to be addressed. For this purpose, Open-RAN has in mind an open environment, which relies on virtualized functions and is mostly vendor agnostic. This technology will enable high data rates while maintaining adequate Quality of Service (QoS) in wireless communications. This paper advances current literature, which mainly discusses these themes individually, by providing a comprehensive survey in Next Generation Wireless Communications, highlighting their integration with beyond 5G Communications. First, we introduce the Wi-Fi evolution and explain the main standards developed over the years. Second, we present the most recent Wi-Fi standards, Wi-Fi 6 and 7, compared with 5G and beyond. Lastly, we explain the concepts related to slicing, virtualization, RAN, Open-RAN and the open research challenges.
Upper and lower bounds for complete linkage in general metric spaces
Authors: Arutyunova Anna , Großwendt Anna , Röglin Heiko , Schmidt Melanie , Wargalla Julian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn a hierarchical clustering problem the task is to compute a series of mutually compatible clusterings of a finite metric space $$(P,{{\,\textrm{dist}\,}})$$

(
P
,

dist

)

. Starting with the clustering where every point forms its own cluster, one iteratively merges two clusters until only one cluster remains. Complete linkage is a well-known and popular algorithm to compute such clusterings: in every step it merges the two clusters whose union has the smallest radius (or diameter) among all currently possible merges. We prove that the radius (or diameter) of every k-clustering computed by complete linkage is at most by factor O(k) (or $$O(k^{\ln (3)/\ln (2)})=O(k^{1{.}59})$$

O

(

k

ln
(
3
)
/
ln
(
2
)

)

=
O

(

k

1.59

)

) worse than an optimal k-clustering minimizing the radius (or diameter). Furthermore we give a negative answer to the question proposed by Dasgupta and Long (J Comput Syst Sci 70(4):555–569, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcss.2004.10.006), who show a lower bound of $$\Omega (\log (k))$$

Ω
(
log
(
k
)
)

and ask if the approximation guarantee is in fact $$\Theta (\log (k))$$

Θ
(
log
(
k
)
)

. We present instances where complete linkage performs poorly in the sense that the k-clustering computed by complete linkage is off by a factor of $$\Omega (k)$$

Ω
(
k
)

from an optimal solution for radius and diameter. We conclude that in general metric spaces complete linkage does not perform asymptotically better than single linkage, merging the two clusters with smallest inter-cluster distance, for which we prove an approximation guarantee of O(k).
Balancing wood production and water use efficiency in the selection of open-pollinated families of Gmelina arborea
Authors: López-Aguirre Ana Milena , Barrios-Trilleras Alonso , Melo-Cruz Omar A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGlobal climate crisis and severe water scarcity worldwide demand alternative genotypes that allow an adequate balance between production and water use while ensuring benefits for foresters. The genetic improvement of water use efficiency (WUE) in forest plantations could reduce water use without compromising yield. Above-ground biomass (AGB), saw-wood volume up to small-end diameter of 15 cm (V15), wood density (WD) and intrinsic WUE (WUEi) from wood carbon isotopic discrimination was evaluated in forty open-pollinated families of G. arborea grown in a tropical dry forest known as a water-limited environment, to select superior genotypes considering a balance in wood production and water use. Heritability of open-pollinated family means were moderate with values of h2f = 0.554 for AGB, h2f = 0.541 for V15, h2f = 0.608 for WD and h2f = 0.495 for WUEi. Significant genetic correlations between both WD and WUEi and production traits (p < 0.05) and a nonsignificant genetic correlation between WD and WUEi were found. Although production traits and WUEi showed moderate narrow-sense and family means heritabilities, considerable responses to selection of up to 13.7% in AGB, 15.5% in V15, 2.5% in WD and 3.0% in WUEi could be achieved from intensive selection of superior families. Our results showed that it may be possible balancing wood production and WUE by selecting open-pollinated families of G. arborea with higher V15 and WUEi. The deployment of these superior families can be used as a forest management strategy to adapt the species to future drought scenarios associated with global climate change.
Geometric slow–fast analysis of a hybrid pituitary cell model with stochastic ion channel dynamics
Authors: Montefusco Francesco , Pedersen Morten Gram 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo obtain explicit understanding of the behavior of dynamical systems, geometrical methods and slow–fast analysis have proved to be highly useful. Such methods are standard for smooth dynamical systems and increasingly used for continuous, non-smooth dynamical systems. However, they are much less used for random dynamical systems, in particular for hybrid models with discrete, random dynamics. Here we propose a geometrical method that works directly with the hybrid system. We illustrate our approach through an application to a hybrid pituitary cell model in which the stochastic dynamics of very few active large-conductance potassium (BK) channels is coupled to a deterministic model of the other ion channels and calcium dynamics. To employ our geometric approach, we exploit the slow–fast structure of the model. The random fast subsystem is analyzed by considering discrete phase planes, corresponding to the discrete number of open BK channels, and stochastic events correspond to jumps between these planes. The evolution within each plane can be understood from nullclines and limit cycles, and the overall dynamics, e.g., whether the model produces a spike or a burst, is determined by the location at which the system jumps from one plane to another. Our approach is generally applicable to other scenarios to study discrete random dynamical systems defined by hybrid stochastic–deterministic models.
Roadmap of electrons from donor side to the reaction center of photosynthetic purple bacteria with mutated cytochromes
Authors: Kis M. , Szabó T. , Tandori J. , Maróti P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn photosynthetic bacteria, the absorbed light drives the canonical cyclic electron transfer between the reaction center and the cytochrome bc1 complexes via the pools of mobile electron carriers. If kinetic or structural barriers hinder the participation of the bc1 complex in the cyclic flow of electrons, then the pools of mobile redox agents must supply the electrons for the multiple turnovers of the reaction center. These conditions were achieved by continuous high light excitation of intact cells of bacterial strains Rba. sphaeroides and Rvx. gelatinosus with depleted donor side cytochromes c2 (cycA) and tetraheme cytochrome subunit (pufC), respectively. The gradual oxidation by ferricyanide further reduced the availability of electron donors to pufC. Electron transfer through the reaction center was tracked by absorption change and by induction and relaxation of the fluorescence of the bacteriochlorophyll dimer. The rate constants of the electron transfer (~ 3 × 103 s‒1) from the mobile donors of Rvx. gelatinosus bound either to the RC (pufC) or to the tetraheme subunit (wild type) were similar. The electrons transferred through the reaction center dimer were supplied entirely by the donor pool; their number amounted to about 5 in wild type Rvx. gelatinosus and decreased to 1 in pufC oxidized by ferricyanide. Fluorescence yield was measured as a function of the oxidized fraction of the dimer and its complex shape reveals the contribution of two competing processes: the migration of the excitation energy among the photosynthetic units and the availability of electron donors to the oxidized dimer. The experimental results were simulated and rationalized by a simple kinetic model of the two-electron cycling of the acceptor side combined with aperiodic one-electron redox function of the donor side.
Sustainable Directors’ Duties and Reasonable Shareholders
Authors: Tjio Hans 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper will examine the sustainability of directors’ duties from two perspectives, namely that the duties are stable in their own right and that they cover enough ground for them to help achieve sustainable goals. First, we will examine how directors’ duties to act in a company’s best interest operate well when shareholder interests are aligned. These duties, when breached, can be ratified by shareholders given the traditional understanding that they are the company. This may, in turn, have been associated with the growing acceptance of shareholder primacy over the past 40 years, seen most recently in the UK Supreme Court decision in BTI v Sequana (2022). The Supreme Court, however, also discussed the limitations of shareholder ratification, and its interaction with the rules protecting creditors, particularly as regards capital maintenance. Those rules have, however, been weakened, and private law has had to step in to address the abuse those rules were aimed at. Where the substantive content of directors’ duties is concerned, the focus everywhere is on how to make directors take account of external constraints such as environmental, social and governance (ESG) concerns and corporate purposes that may contradict enhancing shareholder value (as well as existing shareholder protection) as an established paradigm of company law. We will also analyse the difficulties in accommodating the interests of other internal constituents, like creditors (some of whom may have been externalised). This paper will build on earlier suggestions that the proper purpose rule has a part to play in balancing the interests of corporate constituents both inter and intra se and even in considering the position of future shareholders. The test of what is in the best interest of the company may not provide enough balance in this regard, as seen perhaps from the recent failed derivative action sought by some shareholders of Shell against its directors, and directors should take account of the interest of the reasonable shareholder in capturing the gist of what ESG should aim at.
Trends and new practical applications for warehouse allocation and layout design: a literature review
Authors: Albert Pierre-William , Rönnqvist Mikael , Lehoux Nadia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Companies’ productivity is critical in contemporary warehouse environment to maintain efficiency and competitiveness within their supply chain. Warehousing operations are well known for their impact on the overall supply chain and need to be wisely managed. Among those activities, allocation planning and layout design are some of the most important concepts in practice. Current research tends to emphasize homogeneous environment, which leaves heterogeneous and non-standard cases with less attention, even today. This paper aims to review the literature regarding warehouse allocation planning and layout design methods that could suit practical industry problems, with a focus on heterogeneous and non-standard spare parts. It also aims to describe the current trends in these fields. Following a literature review methodology, a total of fifty-seven articles were reviewed to identify the methods developed and used. The reviewed papers were also investigated in order to identify research gaps and future directions. The analysis concluded that more research is needed to better understand and optimize heterogeneous and non-standard spare parts environments in terms of allocation and layout design. More practical case applications also remain a gap to address.

Article highlights

This article evaluates 8 concepts/parameters related to warehouse allocation operation. This is to ensure a deep analysis of heterogeneous and non-standard parts presence in literature.

A research gap is identified regarding heterogeneous and non-standard parts in warehouse allocation and layout design methods in the scientific literature.

This article evaluates 3798 scientific papers over a 20-year timeframe. From this, we present 57 methods and 8 gaps in scientific literature.
Dragon fly algorithm based approach for escalating the security among the nodes in wireless sensor network based system
Authors: Sharma Shweta , Kaur Amandeep , Gupta Deepali , Juneja Sapna , Kumar Mukesh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA new technology that is gaining popularity today is the Wireless Sensor Network. Smart sensors are being used in a variety of wireless network applications, including intruder detection, transportation, the Internet of Things, smart cities, the military, industrial, agricultural, and health monitoring, as a result of their rapid expansion. Sensor network technologies improve social advancement and life quality while having little to no negative impact on the environment or natural resources of the planet are examined in sensor networks for sustainable development. Real-world applications face challenges ensuring Quality of Service (QoS) due to dynamic network topology changes, resource constraints, and heterogeneous traffic flow. By enhancing its properties, such as maintainability, packet error ratio, reliability, scalability, availability, latency, jitter, throughput, priority, periodicity, deadline, security, and packet loss ratio, the optimized QoS may be attained. Real-world high performance is difficult to attain since sensors are spread out in a hostile environment. The performance parameters are divided into four categories: network-specific, deployment phase, layered WSN architecture, and measurability. Integrity, secrecy, safety, and security are among the privacy and security levels. This article leads emphasis on the trustworthiness of the routes as well as the nodes involved in those routes from where the data has to pass from source to destination. First of all, the nodes are deployed and cluster head selection is done by considering the total number of nodes and the distance from the base station. The proposed work uses AODV architecture for computing QoS parameters that are throughput, PDR and delay. K-means clustering algorithm is used to divide the aggregated data into three possible segments viz. good, moderate and bad as this process does not involve the labelling of aggregated data due to its supervised behavior. The proposed trust model works in two phases. In first phase, data is divided into 3 segments and labelling is done. In second phase, uses generated class objects are to be applied viz. the route records to publicize the rank of the routes followed by the rank of nodes. The proposed technique employed the statistical machine learning and swarm intelligence strategy with dragon fly algorithm in order to address the issues related effective rank generation of nodes and improving the network lifetime. Deep learning concepts can be combined with fuzzy logics approach for resolving issues like secure data transmission, trustworthiness of ranking nodes and efficient route discovery.
Group-Fusion One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network for Ballistic Target High-Resolution Range Profile Recognition with Layer-Wise Auxiliary Classifiers
Authors: Xiang Qian , Wang Xiaodan , Lai Jie , Song Yafei , Li Rui , Lei Lei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBallistic missile defense systems require accurate target recognition technology. Effective feature extraction is crucial for this purpose. The deep convolutional neural network (CNN) has proven to be an effective method for recognizing high-resolution range profiles (HRRPs) of ballistic targets. It excels in perceiving local features and extracting robust features. However, the standard CNN's fully connected manner results in high computational complexity, which is unsuitable for deployment in real-time missile defense systems with stringent performance requirements. To address the issue of computational complexity in HRRP recognition based on the standard one-dimensional CNN (1DCNN), we propose a lightweight network called group-fusion 1DCNN with layer-wise auxiliary classifiers (GFAC-1DCNN). GFAC-1DCNN employs group convolution (G-Conv) instead of standard convolution to effectively reduce model complexity. Simply using G-Conv, however, may decrease model recognition accuracy due to the lack of information flow between feature maps generated by each G-Conv. To overcome this limitation, we introduce a linear fusion layer to combine the output features of G-Convs, thereby improving recognition accuracy. Additionally, besides the main classifier at the deepest layer, we construct layer-wise auxiliary classifiers for different hierarchical features. The results from all classifiers are then fused for comprehensive target recognition. Extensive experiments demonstrate that GFAC-1DCNN with such simple and effective techniques achieves higher overall testing accuracy than state-of-the-art ballistic target HRRP recognition models, while significantly reducing model complexity. It also exhibits a higher recall rate for warhead recognition compared to other methods. Based on these compelling results, we believe this work is valuable in reducing workload and enhancing missile interception rates in missile defense systems.
A multipole-based effect catalog system for the systematic identification of potential measurands
Authors: Vorwerk-Handing Gunnar , Welzbacher Peter , Kirchner Eckhard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Caused by the progressing digitalization in mechanical engineering, a significant demand for information about characteristic process and state variables of technical systems arises. However, since it is oftentimes neither obvious what nor how to measure, the integration of measuring functions, in particular in terms of a retrofit, represents a current challenge in mechanical engineering. In order to overcome this challenge, an approach for the systematic identification of potential measurands is provided in this contribution. For this purpose, the approach of physical effect catalogs is taken up and used for the systematic identification of potential measurands, starting from a physical variable to be determined. Existing catalog systems have two major limitations with respect to the intended identification of cause–effect relationships: They assume an effect to be realized and a consideration of design parameters of a technical system is not intended. These limitations are overcome by linking the fundamental idea of existing catalog systems with the basics of multipole-based modeling. In this way, a multipole-based effect catalog system is developed. It creates the foundation to systematically include the changes and transformations of a process or state variable to be determined into the identification of potential measurands.
Scaling a group intervention to promote caregiver mental health in Uttarakhand, India: A mixed-methods implementation study
Authors: Agarwal Disha , Bailie Christopher R. , Rana Samson , Balan Laxman , Grills Nathan J. , Mathias Kaaren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Caregivers are integral to health and social care systems in South Asian countries yet are themselves at higher risk of mental illness. Interventions to support caregiver mental health developed in high-income contexts may be contextually inappropriate in the Global South. In this mixed-methods study, we evaluated the implementation and scaling of a locally developed mental health group intervention for caregivers and others in Uttarakhand, India. We describe factors influencing implementation using the updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, and selected implementation outcomes. Key influencing factors we found in common with other programs included: an intervention that was relevant and adaptable; family support and stigma operating in the outer setting; training and support for lay health worker providers, shared goals, and relationships with the community and the process of engaging with organisational leaders and service users within the inner setting. We identified further factors including the group delivery format, competing responsibilities for caregivers and opportunities associated with the partnership delivery model as influencing outcomes. Implementation successfully reached target communities however attrition of 20% of participants highlights the potential for improving outcomes by harnessing enablers and addressing barriers. Findings will inform others implementing group mental health and caregiver interventions in South Asia.
Pharmacist-led medicines optimisation service in an inpatient mental health setting
Authors: Hynes-Ryan Caroline , Carolan Aoife , Feeney Larkin , Strawbridge Judith , Purcell Audrey , Gilsenan Georgina , O’Donoghue Darragh , Keating Dolores 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMedicines optimisation ensures that people get the best possible outcomes from their medicines. As those with severe mental illness (SMI) are frequently prescribed psychotropic medicines with potentially significant side-effects, poor adherence to treatment and physical morbidity are common. This results in suboptimal symptom control, physical health problems and negative health outcomes. The specialist mental health pharmacist (SMHP) is best placed to provide leadership for medicines optimisation in the inpatient mental health setting. By adopting a patient-centred approach to providing information, improving adherence, screening, initiating and maintaining medicines, and supporting self-advocacy, the SMHP can ensure the patients’ experience of taking medicines is optimised. As there is currently limited understanding of what a baseline clinical pharmacy service in a mental health setting looks like, we aim to outline a framework for pharmacist-led medicines optimisation for those with SMI. This framework is suitable to be scaled and adapted to other settings.
Science, epistemology and legitimacy in environmental disputes – The epistemically legitimate judicial argumentative space
Authors: Sulyok Katalin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article maps the elements of the epistemically legitimate argumentative space of judges in scientific disputes, where scientific facts and arguments intrude into the legally relevant aspects of the legal controversy. The article distinguishes four main forms of legitimate hybrid reasoning styles. It identifies the epistemic risks threatening the legitimacy of decisions in light of the corresponding limits of the epistemically legitimate argumentative space. The article concludes by discussing the parameters which help judges to select the appropriate reasoning style in particular cases, such as the judicial institution’s epistemic capacities, practical feasibility, and the role science plays in the fabric of legal rules.