bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat Selection by Apache Trout in Six East‐Central Arizona Streams
Authors: Cantrell Christopher J. , Robinson Anthony T. , Avenetti Lorraine D. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractInformation on habitat selection by Apache trout Oncorhynchus gilae apache is needed to help recovery efforts for this federally threatened species. We investigated Apache trout habitat selection in six White Mountain streams in east‐central Arizona. We measured environmental characteristics at used sites and randomly selected available sites and modeled habitat selection using forward step‐wise logistic regression, for two size‐classes of Apache trout (≤100 mm and >100 mm total length [TL]). We also compared overall habitat type selection using contingency table analysis and G‐tests. Our logistic regression models correctly predicted habitat selection by 100‐mm TL or smaller Apache trout for 62.8% of sites over all streams surveyed and that by Apache trout larger than 100 mm TL for 75% of sites. Logistic regression models determined that larger width, lower width: Depth ratio, more eddy flows, and more cover in the form of overhanging vegetation, debris, and boulders were significant predictors for locations of Apache trout larger than 100 mm TL. Slower current velocity was the only significant predictor for locations of Apache trout 100 mm TL or less. Contingency table analysis indicated that in five of six streams, Apache trout had a greater frequency of occurrence in pool habitat. Habitat management techniques that shift stream conditions toward slower current velocities, larger widths, lower width: Depth ratios, more eddy flows, and increased cover (overhanging vegetation, debris, and boulders) should be implemented. This may mitigate for Apache trout habitat loss and may lead to an increase in the species' production.
Do we forgive physical aggression in the same way that we forgive psychological aggression?
Authors: Gauché Mélanie , Mullet Etienne 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe present study examined variations in the impact of social proximity, apologies, intent to harm, cancellation of consequences, and attitude of others on the willingness to forgive an aggressor as a function of the type of aggression—physical aggression or psychological aggression. The participants were instructed to express their willingness to forgive in two contexts—physical aggression and psychological aggression—which constituted a within‐subject factor. Five sets of scenarios corresponding to the five between‐subject factors (from social proximity to intent to harm) were used. Participants were 215 adults aged 17–60 years. As hypothesized, the cancellation of the consequences had less impact, and the apologies and the intent to harm had more impact, on the willingness to forgive in the case of physical aggression than in the case of psychological aggression. This result was a robust one; it did not depend on the participant's gender and age. Aggr. Behav. 00:1–12, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fluorescence enhancement effect of the morin–Al3+–sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate–protein system and the determination of proteins
Authors: Wang Fei , Yang Jinghe , Wu Xia , Sun Changxia , Liu Shufang , Wang Feng , Jia Zhen 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe fluorescence intensity of the morin–Al3+ complex was greatly enhanced by proteins in the presence of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS). Based on this, a new fluorimetric method for the determination of protein was developed. Under optimum conditions, the enhanced intensity of fluorescence was in proportion to the concentration of proteins in the range 1.0 × 10−8–1.3 × 10−5 g/mL for bovine serum albumin (BSA), 4.0 × 10−8–1.2 × 10−5 g/mL for egg albumin (EA) and 5.0 × 10−8–1.2 × 10−5 g/mL for human serum albumin (HSA). Their detection limits (S:N = 3) were 5.0 × 10−9, 1.8 × 10−8 and 1.6 × 10−8 g/mL, respectively. The interaction mechanism was also studied. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resonance light scattering technique for the determination of proteins with Congo red and Triton X‐100
Authors: Wu Xia , Sun Shuna , Guo Changying , Yang Jinghe , Sun Changxia , Zhou Chengrong , Wu Tao 
Published: October 2005

AbstractResonance light scattering (RLS) of Congo red (CR) was greatly enhanced by BSA (HSA) in the presence of Triton X‐100 (TX‐100). In sodium citrate–HCl buffer (pH 2.7–3.0), the enhanced intensity of resonance light scattering at 360 nm was in proportion to the concentration. The linear relationship was obtained between the resonance light scattering intensity and proteins in the range 5.0 × 10−8–8.0 × 10−6 g/mL and 1.0 × 10−9–6.0 × 10−6 g/mL for BSA and HSA, respectively. Their detection limits were 1.4 × 10−8 g/mL and 2.8 × 10−10 g/mL (S:N = 3), respectively. Synthetic and actual samples were analysed satisfactorily. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enthalpy distribution functions for the unwinding of a short DNA duplex
Authors: Poland Douglas 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn this article we use the published heat capacity data of Dragan et al. (J Mol Biol 2003, 327, 293–411) for a short DNA duplex to calculate the enthalpy probability distribution for this species as a function of temperature. Our approach is based on a procedure that we developed (Poland, D. J Chem Phys 2000, 112, 6554) whereby one obtains moments of the enthalpy distribution from the temperature dependence of the heat capacity. One then uses the maximum‐entropy method to construct the enthalpy probability distribution from the set of enthalpy moments. For the DNA duplex treated here the heat capacity goes through a maximum as a function of temperature reflecting the unwinding of the duplex structure. In the neighborhood of the heat capacity maximum, the enthalpy distribution functions show a clear bimodal structure, indicating the coexistence of two distinct states, the duplex and the single‐strand state. The probabilities of theses two states can be estimated from the enthalpy distribution functions and can be used to calculate the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constant for the unwinding of the DNA duplex. This example illustrates that the temperature dependence of the heat capacity can be used to give a detailed picture of conformational transitions in biological macromolecules. In particular, the structure of the enthalpy distribution in this case allows one to see the temperature evolution of the two‐state distribution in detail. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 81: 127–135, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Retention of chromosome arm 5q in stage II colon cancers identifies 83% of liver metastasis occurrences
Authors: Zeitoun Guy , Buecher Bruno , Bayer Jan , Tanguy Marie‐Laure , Thomas Gilles , Olschwang Sylviane 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe decision to use chemotherapy in the treatment of colon cancer patients depends on the risk of developing metastases, as estimated by clinicopathological staging combining body imaging and pathological findings. The aim of this study was to identify all chromosome arms that, when allelotyped, correlate with the metastatic process, add prognostic information to pathology, and are of relevance for predicting metachronous metastases. A 5‐year follow‐up survey enrolled 401 MSS (microsatellite stable) colon cancer patients who were divided into three groups. Staging was performed with and without imaging data (called tumor and patient staging, respectively). The first 192 patients were used to construct a model prognosticating metastases. The subsequent 146 patients were used to validate this model. The third group evaluated its consistency by comparing the status of the relevant chromosome arms in 63 liver metastases and primary tumors that did or did not metastasize. The first group identified three factors: tumor staging (P < 0.0001), 5q status (P = 0.003), and gender (P = 0.02). The second group confirmed 5q as a marker of metastasis occurrence (P = 0.004). Merged data predicted that, when both 5q arms are retained, metastatic risk increases 4.3‐fold in stage II patients. The third group corroborated these findings, with a 5q retention rate in metastases comparable to that of primary tumors that metastasize, but significantly higher than that observed in nonmetastatic tumors (one‐tail, P = 0.0005). Long arm of chromosome 5 allelotyping detects high‐risk stage II tumors. This simple, easily implemented, and inexpensive test increases the power of randomized studies that evaluate chemotherapy. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localization of breast cancer susceptibility loci by genome‐wide SNP linkage disequilibrium mapping
Authors: Ellis Nathan A. , Kirchhoff Tomas , Mitra Nandita , Ye Tian‐Zhang , Chuai Shaokun , Huang Helen , Nafa Khedoudja , Norton Larry , Neuhausen Susan , Gordon Derek , Struewing Jeffery P. , Narod Steven , Offit Kenneth 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe studied the feasibility of a novel approach to localize breast cancer susceptibility genes, using a low‐density genome‐wide panel of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms and taking advantage of large regions of linkage disequilibrium (LD) flanking Jewish disease genes in high‐risk cases. With Affymetrix GeneChip arrays, we genotyped 8,576 polymorphisms in three sets of Ashkenazi Jewish breast cancer cases: a “validation” set of 27 breast cancer cases, all of whom carried the BRCA2*6174delT founder mutation; a “field” set of 19 breast cancer cases from male breast cancer kindreds, which simulated conditions for finding new genes; and a “test” set of 57 probands from breast cancer kindreds (4 or more cases/kindred), in which mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 had been excluded. To identify associations, we compared the frequency of genotypes and haplotypes in cases vs. controls by the Fisher's exact test and a maximum likelihood ratio test. In the “validation” set, we demonstrated the presence of a region of linkage disequilibrium on BRCA2*6174delT chromosomes that spanned over 5 million bases. In the “field” set, we showed that this large region of linkage disequilibrium flanking BRCA2 was detectable despite the presence of heterogeneity in the sample set. Finally, in the “test” set, at least three regions of interest emerged that could contain novel breast cancer genes, one of which had been identified previously by linkage analysis. While these results demonstrate the feasibility of genome‐wide association strategies, further application of this approach will critically depend on optimizing the density and distribution of SNPs and the size and type of study design. Genet. Epidemiol. 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pathological dynamics of activated microglia following medial forebrain bundle transection
Authors: Cho Byung P. , Song Dae Y. , Sugama Shuei , Shin Dong H. , Shimizu Yoshinori , Kim Sung S. , Kim Yoon S. , Joh Tong H. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractTo elucidate the role and pathological dynamics of activated microglia, this study assessed the phagocytic, immunophenotypic, morphological, and migratory properties of activated microglia in the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) axotomized rat brain. Activated microglia were identified using two different monoclonal antibodies: ED1 for phagocytic activity and OX6 for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II. Phagocytic microglia, characterized by ED1‐immunoreactivity or ED1‐ and OX6‐immunoreactivity, appeared in the MFB and substantia nigra (SN) as early as 1–3 days post‐lesion (dpl), when there was no apparent loss of SN dopamine (DA) neurons. Thereafter, a great number of activated microglia selectively adhered to degenerating axons, dendrites and DA neuronal somas of the SN. This was followed by significant loss of these fibers and nigral DA neurons. Activation of microglia into phagocytic stage was most pronounced between 14∼28 dpl and gradually subsided, but phagocytic microglia persisted until 70 dpl, the last time point examined. ED1 expression preceded MHC II expression in phagocytic microglia. All phagocytic microglia sticking to DA neurons showed activated but ramified form with enlarged somas and thickened processes. They were recruited to the SNc from cranial, dorsal and ventral aspects along various structures and finally stuck to DA neurons of the SNc. Characteristic rod‐shaped microglia in the white matter were thought to migrate a long distance. The present study strongly suggests that neurons undergoing delayed neurodegeneration may be phagocytosed by numerous phagocytic, ramified microglia at various sites where specific surface signals are exposed or diffusible molecules are released. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Graft copolymers of methyl methacrylate and poly([R]‐3‐hydroxybutyrate) macromonomers as candidates for inclusion in acrylic bone cement formulations: Compression testing
Authors: Nguyen Sophie , Marchessault Robert H. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractGraft copolymers of methyl methacrylate and biodegradable, biocompatible bacterial poly([R]‐3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) blocks were synthesized and evaluated as possible constituents in acrylic bone cements for use in orthopaedic applications. The copolymers were produced by conventional free radical copolymerization and incorporated in one commercially available acrylic bone cement brand, Antibiotic Simplex® (AKZ). Cements with formulations containing 6.7 and 13.5 wt % of PMMA‐graft‐PHB were prepared. The morphology of the graft copolymer particles was suggested to influence the ability of the modified cement to be processed. Formulations containing more than about 20 wt % of the graft copolymer resulted in cement doughs that, both after first preparation and several hours later, were either sandy or soft spongy in texture and, thus, would be unacceptable for use in orthopaedic applications. The morphologies of the powders and the volumetric porosity (p) and ultimate compressive strength (UCS) of the cured cements were determined. Micro computed tomography showed that the cements presented average porosities of 13.5–16.9%. It was found that, while the powder particle shape and size for the experimental cements were markedly different from those of AKZ, there was no significant difference in either p or UCS for these cements. The latter was determined to be about 85 MPa for the modified cements and 84 MPa for Antibiotic Simplex. Furthermore, the UCS of all the cements exceeded the minimum level for acrylic bone cements, as stipulated by ASTM F‐451. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Effect of adding an anaerobic fungal culture isolated from a wild blue bull (Boselophus tragocamelus) to rumen fluid from buffaloes on in vitro fibrolytic enzyme activity, fermentation and degradation of tannins and tannin‐containing Kachnar tree (Bauhinia variegata) leaves and wheat straw
Authors: Paul Shyam S , Kamra Devki N , Sastry Vadali RB , Sahu Narottam P 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe study investigated the effects of adding an anaerobic fungus (Piromyces sp FNG5; isolated from the faeces of a wild blue bull) to the rumen fluid of buffaloes consuming a basal diet of wheat straw and concentrates on in vitro enzyme activities, fermentation and degradation of tannins and tannin‐rich tree leaves and wheat straw. In experiment 1, strained rumen fluid was incubated for 24 and 48 h, in quadruplicate, with or without fungal culture using condensed tannin‐rich Bauhinia variegata leaves as substrates. In experiment 2, in vitro incubation medium containing wheat straw and different concentrations of added tannic acid (0–1.2 mg mL−1) were incubated for 48 h, in quadruplicate, with strained buffalo rumen fluid with or without fungal culture. In experiment 3, tolerance of the fungal isolate to tannic acid was tested by estimating fungal growth in pure culture medium containing different concentrations (0–50 g L−1) of tannic acid. In in vitro studies with Bauhinia variegata tree leaves, addition of the fungal isolate to buffalo strained rumen liquor resulted in significant (P < 0.01) increase in neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility and activities of carboxymethyl cellulase (P < 0.05) and xylanase (P < 0.05) at 24 h fermentation. There was 12.35% increase (P < 0.01) in condensed tannin (CT) degradation on addition of the fungal isolate at 48 h fermentation. In in vitro studies with wheat straw, addition of the fungus caused an increase in apparent digestibility (P < 0.01), true digestibility (P < 0.05), NDF digestibility (P < 0.05), activities of carboxymethyl cellulase (P < 0.001), β‐glucosidase (P < 0.001), xylanase (P < 0.001), acetyl esterase (P < 0.001) and degradation of tannic acid (P < 0.05). Rumen liquor from buffaloes which had never been exposed to tannin‐containing diet had been found to have substantial inherent tannic acid‐degrading ability (degraded 55.3% of added tannic acid within 24 h of fermentation). The fungus could tolerate tannic acid concentration up to 20 g L−1 in growth medium. The results of this study suggest that introduction of an anaerobic fungal isolate with superior lignocellulolytic activity isolated from the faeces of a wild herbivore may improve fibre digestion from tannin‐containing feeds and degradation of tannins in the rumen of buffaloes. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Responses of growing Japanese quails (heavy body weight line) to graded levels of essential amino acid concentrations in diets with or without fishmeal
Authors: Kaur Sarabmeet , Mandal Asit B , Singh Kunwer B , Narayan Raj 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe influence of dietary amino acid profile on growth and immune response was investigated in growing quails (n = 928) divided into 24 subgroups. Eight dietary treatments with four levels of essential amino acids (EAA), viz. 90, 100, 110 and 120% of NRC, each with or without fishmeal (FM), were formulated following a four (EAA levels) times two (protein type) factorial design. Each treatment was allotted to three replicates up to 5 weeks of age. After 5 weeks of age 10 quails were randomly sacrificed from each treatment to study the relative weight of immune organs. Live weight gain was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in diets containing 120% EAA with or without FM and 110% EAA with FM during 0 to 21 days of age. However, live weight gain from 21 to 35 days of age was higher (P < 0.01) in quails received diets containing 90% EAA with or without FM and 100% EAA without FM than in other dietary treatments. Live weight gain increased linearly (P < 0.01) with the increase in EAA levels overall (0–35 days). Feed intake was higher (P < 0.01) in diets with higher EAA levels (110 and 120%) from 0 to 21 days. The interaction of EAA and protein type influenced (P < 0.05) feed intake from 21 to 35 days of age. There was linear decrease (P < 0.01) in feed intake with the lowering of EAA level up to 100% during 0 to 35 days. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was better (P < 0.01) up to day 21 at higher EAA levels (110 or 120%) while during days 21 to 35 better FCR was calculated (P < 0.01) in diet with low EAA levels (90 or 100%). FCR was improved in all vegetable protein diet in comparison with FM diet. Energy efficiency up to 21 days of age was better (P < 0.01) at high EAA levels (110 and 120%), while thereafter better at low (P < 0.01) EAA levels (90 and 100%). Protein efficiency improved linearly (P < 0.01) with decreasing EAA level. Humoral (SRBC) and cellular (PHA‐P) immune response did not differ in response to EAA levels or protein type. Higher (P < 0.01) relative weight of spleen was recorded at 100% EAA level, while the relative weight of thymus was higher in diet containing 110% EAA level without fishmeal. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Magnetic resonance imaging of mouse spinal cord
Authors: Bilgen Mehmet , Al‐Hafez Baraa , Berman Nancy E.J. , Festoff Barry W. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe feasibility of performing high‐resolution in vivo MRI on mouse spinal cord (SC) at 9.4 T magnetic field strength is demonstrated. The MR properties of the cord tissue were measured and the characteristics of water diffusion in the SC were quantified. The data indicate that the differences in the proton density (PD) and transverse relaxation time between gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) dominate the contrast seen on the mouse SC images at 9.4 T. However, on heavily T2‐weighted images these differences result in a reversal of contrast. The diffusion of water in the cord is anisotropic, but the WM exhibits greater anisotropy and principal diffusivity than the GM. The quantitative data presented here should establish a standard for comparing similar measurements obtained from the SCs of genetically engineered mouse or mouse models of SC injury (SCI). Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐resolution 1H chemical shift imaging in the monkey visual cortex
Authors: Juchem Christoph , Logothetis Nikos K. , Pfeuffer Josef 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFunctionally distinct anatomic subdivisions of the brain can often be only a few millimeters in one or more dimensions. The study of metabolic differences in such structures by means of localized in vivo MR spectroscopy is therefore challenging, if not impossible. In fact, the spatial resolution of chemical shift imaging (CSI) in humans is typically in the range of centimeters. The aim of the present study was to optimize 1H CSI in monkeys and demonstrate the feasibility of high spatial resolutions up to 1.4 × 2 × 1.4 mm3. The obtained spatial resolution permitted the segregation of gray and white matter in the visual cortex based on the concentration of different metabolites and neurotransmitters like N‐acetylaspartate, glutamate, and creatine. Concentration ratios of white matter versus gray matter tissue as well as between metabolites matched those reported in the literature from healthy human brain, demonstrating the consistency and reliability of the procedure. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.