bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Temptation of Social Networks under Job Search Frictions
Authors: Matsuda Norihiko , Nomura Shinsaku 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper presents descriptive evidence that although social networks are helpful to find jobs, the jobs found through social networks tend to be mismatched. The paper uses nationally representative matched employer–employee data in Bangladesh that include direct measures of match quality. Less educated and seemingly poorer workers are more likely to have found their jobs through social networks. Compared to workers at the same occupation level in the same firm who were matched through formal channels, those matched through social networks found their jobs quicker but have lower match quality and earn less. The mechanism, suggested by a theoretical model, is as follows: even when social networks are connected to mismatched jobs, workers can be tempted to use social networks to find mismatched jobs for fear of finding nothing. This temptation is stronger for less skilled and poorer workers, because costly formal channels are less rewarding and affordable for them.
Evaluation of the Maryland Next Gen Test Bank Project: Implications and Recommendations
Authors: Hensel Desirée , Billings Diane M. , Wiseman Rebecca 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

AIM
The aim of this study was to evaluate the development and impact of a project to create a statewide test bank of Next Generation NCLEX®-style items.

BACKROUND
Using a train-the-trainer model, champions created an open access resource of Next Generation NCLEX-style items to use to teach clinical judgment and then trained peers on item writing and test bank use.

METHOD
Stufflebeam’s CIPP (context, inputs, process, and products) model provided the framework for the evaluation. Data were synthesized from multiple sources including participation rates, item utilization, and survey data.

RESULTS
Twenty faculty from 13 schools were trained as champions and submitted 54 case studies, 33 bowties, and 21 trend items to the test bank. Items were used over 60,000 times in the first year.

CONCLUSION
The statewide test bank met a need for more teaching resources. The train-the-trainer model was an effective strategy for helping faculty learn to prepare for Next Generation NCLEX.
North Carolina Medicaid System Perspectives on Substance Use Disorder Treatment Policy Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hughes Phillip M. , Easterly Caleb W. , Thomas Kathleen C. , Shea Christopher M. , Domino Marisa Elena 
Published: February 2024

Objective
This study aimed to describe perspectives from stakeholders involved in the Medicaid system in North Carolina regarding substance use disorder (SUD) treatment policy changes during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Methods
We conducted semistructured interviews in early 2022 with state agency representatives, Medicaid managed care organizations, and Medicaid providers (n = 22) as well as 3 focus groups of Medicaid beneficiaries with SUD (n = 14). Interviews and focus groups focused on 4 topics: policies, meeting needs during COVID, demand for SUD services, and staffing.

Results
Overall, policy changes, such as telehealth and take-home methadone, were considered beneficial, with participants displaying substantial support for both policies. Shifting demand for services, staffing shortages, and technology barriers presented significant challenges. Innovative benefits and services were used to adapt to these challenges, including the provision of digital devices and data plans to improve access to telehealth.

Conclusions
Perspectives from Medicaid stakeholders, including state organizations to beneficiaries, support the continuation of SUD policy changes that occurred. Staffing shortages remain a substantial barrier. Based on the participants' positive responses to the SUD policy changes made during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, such as take-home methadone and telehealth initiation of buprenorphine, these changes should be continued. Additional steps are needed to ensure payment parity for telehealth services.
Multiple fluoroscopic views, including an external rotation-adduction view, are required to detect uncontained screws in the femoral neck
Authors: Campbell Sean T. , Cheema Amarpal , Schimizzi Gregory V. , Klinger Craig , Mintz Douglas , Dziadosz Daniel , Ricci William M. 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Peripheral screws in the femoral neck are often used for fixation of femoral neck fractures. The posterior-cranial screw can violate the femoral head blood supply if it is extra-osseous, and can be difficult to image intraoperatively. The purpose of this study was to identify whether any specific radiographic views were superior at detecting an uncontained screw in the femoral neck. Additionally, the external rotation-adduction view was defined and its efficacy at detecting an unsafe posterior cranial screw assessed.

Methods:
A radiographic study using three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography scanswas performed at a single institution academic hospital. Forty-six patients with normal CT scans of the pelvis were included. Cannulated screws were digitally templated on 3D renderings of the femoral neck in an inverted triangle configuration. Each screw was systematically moved to a position where it was uncontained. Ghost images were created, and the pelvis rotated to simulate obtaining various iterations of a lateral view of the proximal femur. The ability of a given radiographic view to detect an uncontained screw was determined.

Results:
A flat-lateral view detected 72% of unsafe anterior screw, while a neck-shaft colinear view detected 98%. The flat lateral view detected 61% of unsafe posterior cranial screws, while a new external rotation-adduction view identified 100% of unsafe posterior cranial screws.

Conclusions:
Multiple radiographic views should be obtained to assess screw safety when treating femoral neck fractures with peripherally placed screws. The external rotation-adduction view may be useful for detection of uncontained posterior cranial screws.

Level of evidence:
III
How Does Resorption Differ Among Single-Level and Multilevel Lumbar Disc Herniations? A Prospective Multi-Imaging and Clinical Phenotype Study
Authors: Hornung Alexander L. , Rudisill Samuel S. , Barajas J. Nicolas , Harada Garrett , Fitch Ashlyn A. , Leonard Skylar F. , Roberts Ashley C. , An Howard S. , Albert Hanne B. , Tkachev Alexander , Samartzis Dino 
Published: February 2024

Study Design.
Prospective, case series.

Objective.
To identify and characterize any differences in specific patient factors, MRI findings, features of spontaneous disc resorption, and outcomes between patients with single-level and multilevel LDH.

Background.
Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is one of the most common spinal pathologies worldwide. Though many cases of LDH resolve by spontaneous resorption, the mechanism underlying this “self-healing” phenomenon remains poorly understood, particularly in the context of multilevel herniations.

Methods.
A one-year prospective study was conducted of patients presenting with acute symptomatic LDH between 2017 and 2019. Baseline demographics, herniation characteristics, and MRI phenotypes were recorded before treatment, which consisted of gabapentin, acupuncture, and the avoidance of inflammatory-modulating medications. MRIs were performed approximately every three months after the initial evaluation to determine any differences between patients with single-level and multilevel LDH.

Results.
Ninety patients were included, 17 demonstrated multilevel LDH. Body mass index was higher among patients with multilevel LDH (P<0.001). Patients with multilevel LDH were more likely to exhibit L3/L4 inferior endplate defects (P=0.001), L4/L5 superior endplate defects (P=0.012), and L4/L5 inferior endplate defects (P=0.020) on MRI. No other differences in MRI phenotypes (e.g. Modic changes, osteophytes, etc.) existed between groups. Resorption rate and time to resolution did not differ between those with single-level and multilevel LDH.

Conclusions.
Resorption rates were similar between single-level and multilevel LDH at various time points throughout one prospective assessment, providing insights that disc healing may have unique programmed signatures. Compared with those with single-level LDH, patients with multilevel herniations were more likely to have a higher BMI, lesser initial axial and sagittal disc measurements, and endplate defects at specific lumbar levels. In addition, our findings support the use of conservative management in patients with LDH, regardless of the number of levels affected.

Level of Evidence:
Level 3.
Prevalence of Keratoconus Among High School Students in Southern Brazil: A Community-Based Study
Authors: de Azevedo Magalhães Otavio , Pagano Bruna Nunes , Grellmann Luana Veber , Zago Victor Sanchez , Kronbauer Claudia Leite 
Published: February 2024

Objectives:
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of keratoconus (KC) in teenagers who live in Southern Brazil and detect any possible associated factors.

Methods:
This prospective, observational, mobile clinic–based cross-sectional study collected data from students between 14 and 21 years from seven high schools who were living in the Greater Porto Alegre metropolitan region in Southern Brazil. Subjects were clinically surveyed and examined using a slitlamp and rotational Scheimpflug corneal tomography system. All data were collected at the mobile clinic during a single visit.

Results:
Eight-hundred twenty-six students were evaluated (357 boys and 469 girls) with an average age of 16.7±1.2 years. Six subjects were classified as having KC (four girls), yielding a prevalence rate of 0.73% (95% confidence interval, 0.27%–1.57%) or one per 137 teenagers in Southern Brazil. Logistic regression showed an association between KC and positive history of eye rubbing (P=0.02).

Conclusion:
According to our investigation, this is the first KC prevalence study in South America using the latest technologies (Scheimpflug imaging). The prevalence of KC among teenagers in Southern Brazil is within the highest reported worldwide. We also found an association between KC and history of eye rubbing. Keratoconus is not an uncommon disorder in our population, and the efforts to identify the disease and reduce its risk factors in an earlier phase are justified.
Prevalence of Keratoconus Based on Scheimpflug Corneal Tomography Metrics in a Pediatric Population From a Chicago-Based School Age Vision Clinic
Authors: Harthan Jennifer S. , Gelles John D. , Block Sandra S. , Tullo William , Morgenstern Andrew S. , Su Becky , Chung Daniel , Yu Austin , Greenstein Steven A. , Hersh Peter S. , Eiden Steven Barry 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
Determine the pediatric prevalence of keratoconus (KC) using Scheimpflug corneal tomography.

Methods:
A prospective observational study was done on subjects aged 3 to 18 years at the Princeton Vision Clinic, Chicago, IL. Scheimpflug tomography (Pentacam HR, OCULUS Optikgerate GmbH) scans (Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia BAD3) yielded BAD Final D (Final D) and Back Elevation at the Thinnest Point (BETP) measurements. Criteria differentiating non-KC from KC suspects & KC were, Non-
KC—Final D <2.00 in both eyes; KC
suspect—Final D ≥2.00 and <3.00 in combination with BETP ≥18 μm for myopia and ≥28 μm for hyperopia/mixed astigmatism in at least one eye; and KC—Final D of ≥3.00 with BETP ≥18 μm for myopia or ≥28 μm for hyperopia/mixed astigmatism in at least one eye. Two thousand two hundred and six subjects were recorded, removing duplicate and poor-quality scans leaving 2007 subjects.

Results:
Of 2007 subjects, six were classified as KC—prevalence of 1:334, three subjects were KC
suspects—prevalence of 1:669, and total prevalence of KC suspects and KC was 1:223.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of KC in children is higher than previously reported, emphasizing the importance of sensitive screening for KC at its earliest manifestation as standard in pediatric comprehensive eye examinations.
The Conjunctival Microbiome and Dry Eye: What We Know and Controversies
Authors: Shih Kendrick C. , Tong Louis 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Dry eye disease is a common multifactorial condition that may be idiopathic or associated with autoimmune conditions, such as Sjogren syndrome. Commensal microorganisms modify immune responses, so it is relevant to understand how they modify such immune-mediated diseases. Microbiota in the gut regulate inflammation in the eye, and conversely, severe inflammation of the ocular surface results in alteration of gut microbiome. The conjunctiva microbiome can be analyzed using 16S or shotgun metagenomics. The amount of microbial DNA in ocular surface mucosa relative to human DNA is limited compared with the case of the intestinal microbiome. There are challenges in defining, harvesting, processing, and analyzing the microbiome in the ocular surface mucosa. Recent studies have shown that the conjunctiva microbiome depends on age, presence of local and systemic inflammation, and environmental factors. Microbiome-based therapy, such as the use of oral probiotics to manage dry eye disease, has initial promising results. Further longitudinal studies are required to investigate the alteration of the conjunctival microbiome after local therapy and surgery.
Patients’ Experiences of Dental Diagnostic Failures: A Qualitative Study Using Social Media
Authors: Obadan-Udoh Enihomo , Howard Rachel , Valmadrid Luke Carmichael , Walji Muhammad , Mertz Elizabeth 
Published: February 2024

Objective
Despite the many advancements made in patient safety over the past decade, combating diagnostic errors (DEs) remains a crucial, yet understudied initiative toward improvement. This study sought to understand the perception of dental patients who have experienced a dental diagnostic failure (DDF) and to identify patient-centered strategies to help reduce future occurrences of DDF.

Methods
Through social media recruitment, we conducted a screening survey, initial assessment, and 67 individual patient interviews to capture the effects of misdiagnosis, missed diagnosis, or delayed diagnosis on patient lives. Audio recordings of patient interviews were transcribed, and a hybrid thematic analysis approach was used to capture details about 4 main domains of interest: the patient’s DDF experience, contributing factors, impact, and strategies to mitigate future occurrences.

Results
Dental patients endured prolonged suffering, disease progression, unnecessary treatments, and the development of new symptoms as a result of experiencing DE. Poor provider communication, inadequate time with provider, and lack of patient self-advocacy and health literacy were among the top attributes patients believed contributed to the development of a DE. Patients suggested that improvements in provider chairside manners, more detailed patient diagnostic workups, and improving personal self-advocacy; along with enhanced reporting systems, could help mitigate future DE.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the valuable insight the patient perspective provides in understanding DEs, therefore aiding the development of strategies to help reduce the occurrences of future DDF events. Given the challenges patients expressed, there is a significant need to create an accessible reporting system that fosters constructive clinician learning.
A Systematic Review of Technique, Satisfaction, and Complications of Acellular Dermal Matrix in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Tang Yongsheng , Han Xuan , Li Jiaxin , Cao Yi , Gong Yanxi , Xu Chao 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is a new dermal transplant replacement material prepared from allogeneic or xenograft skin through bioengineering technology. This is provided for patients who are unwilling to kill part of their autologous cartilage or autologous dermal tissue and require rhinoplasty and improvement in the appearance of the nasal tip. This systematic review aims to introduce the main techniques of ADM for rhinoplasty and related patient satisfaction and complications to further guide doctors.

Methods:
Systematic reviews were conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. The authors searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library using appropriate keywords. Data collected for each study included patient satisfaction and complications in addition to relevant technology.

Results:
After full-text screening of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 studies were included, with a total of 324 patients receiving ADM with different transplantation methods. Primary rhinoplasty or secondary rhinoplasty study for dorsal ridge augmentation, smooth contour irregularities, autograft camouflage including tip grafts. The incidence of dorsal implant distortion was 0.72% in patients. The incidence of deviation was 2.17% in patients. The incidence of mild edema was 5.17% in patients. The incidence of partial resorption was 10.87% in patients. The incidence of significant resorption was 13.04% in patients. The incidence of seroma was 0.72% in patients. The incidence of partial prolapse was 0.72% in patients. The incidence of overcorrection and reoperation was 0.72% in patients. The incidence of erythema was 0.72% in patients. The incidence of undercorrection was 0.72% in patients. The incidence of infection was 0.72% in patients. The incidence of high-lying implants was 1.45% in patients.

Conclusion:
The current research results show that ADM is long-term effective in improving nasal dorsum enhancement, nasal contour deformity, and nasal tip appearance, with high patient satisfaction and low overall complication rate. Overcorrection should be considered during surgery to deal with postoperative partial absorption.
Recent advances in bronchoscopic lung volume reduction for severe COPD patients
Authors: Posthuma Rein , Vaes Anouk W. , Spruit Martijn A. , Vanfleteren Lowie E.G.W. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) is a novel and effective treatment for a specific phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) characterized by advanced emphysema with static lung hyperinflation and severe breathlessness. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent advances made in BLVR.

Recent findings
For achieving optimal outcomes with BLVR, patient selection and target lobe identification is crucial. BLVR has recently also been established to improve pulmonary function, exercise capacity and quality of life in COPD patients falling outside the standard treatment criteria, including patients with moderate hyperinflation, chronic hypercapnic failure or with very low diffusion capacity. In a cluster analysis, target lobe characteristics like emphysema destruction, air trapping and perfusion were found to be important discriminators between responders and non-responders. A potential survival benefit has been demonstrated in BLVR-treated patients when compared to non-treated patients. Long-term outcomes showed sustained outcomes of BLVR; however, effects decline over time, probably due to disease progression.

Summary
BLVR using one-way endobronchial valves has become a guideline treatment offered in specialized intervention centres for a specific subgroup of COPD patients. Recent studies further characterize responders, describe extrapulmonary effects of BLVR and show positive long-term outcomes and a potential survival benefit.
Reduction of Urinary Tract Infection in Pediatric Surgical Patients Using NSQIP-P and Quality Improvement Methodology
Authors: Clasie Kyla A , Deshpande Aniruddh V , Holland Andrew JA , Jiwane Ashish V , Da Silva Vanessa G , Filtness Fiona A , Allen Margaret M , Smith Grahame HH 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) have a detrimental effect on patients, families, and hospital resources. The Sydney Children’s Hospital Network (SCHN) participates in the NSQIP-Pediatric (NSQIP-P) to monitor postoperative complications. NSQIP-P data revealed that the median UTI rate at SCHN was 1.75% in 2019, 3.5 times higher than the NSQIP-P target rate of 0.5%. Over three quarters of the NSQIP-P identified patients with UTI also had a urinary catheterization performed intraoperatively. A quality improvement project was conducted between mid-2018 and 2021 to minimize catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs) at SCHN.

STUDY DESIGN:
NSQIP-P samples include pediatric (younger than 18 years) surgical patients from an 8-day cycle operative log. NSQIP-P data are statistically analyzed by the American College of Surgeons and provide biannual internationally benchmarked reports. The project used clinical redesign methodology with a 6-phase process for quality improvement projects.

RESULTS:
The objectives of the project were to reduce urinary catheter duration of use, educate parents or carers, and improve catheter care and insertion technique by health staff. The duration of a urinary catheter in situ reduced from a median of 4.5 to 3 days from 2017 to 2021. The median NSQIP-P UTI rate at SCHN was reduced by 47.4% from 1.75% in 2019 to 0.9% in 2022.

CONCLUSIONS:
A multifactorial approach in quality improvement has been shown to be an effective strategy to reduce UTI rates at SCHN, and patient outcomes were improved within a 3-year timeframe. Although this project has reduced UTI rates at SCHN, there remain opportunities for further improvement.
Rational Design of Monomeric IL37 Variants Guided by Stability and Dynamical Analyses of IL37 Dimers
Authors: Sardag Inci , Duvenci Zeynep Sevval , Belkaya Serkan , Timucin Emel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIL37 plays important roles in the regulation of innate immunity and its oligomeric status is critical to these roles. In its monomeric state, IL37 can effectively inhibit the inflammatory response triggered by IL18 through binding to the IL18 receptorα, a capability lost in its dimeric form. This paradigm underscores the pivotal role of IL37’s dimer structure in the design of novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Hitherto, two IL37 dimer structures were deposited in PDB, reflecting the potential use of their binding interface in the design of IL37 variants with altered dimerization tendencies. Inspection of these static structures suggested a substantial difference in their dimer interfaces. Prompted by this discrepancy, we analyzed the PDB structures of IL37 dimer (PDB: 6ncu and 5hn1) along with a predicted structure by AF2-multimer by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to unravel whether and how IL37 can form homodimers through distinct interfaces. Results showed that the 5hn1 and AF2 dimers, which shared the same interface, stably maintained their initial conformations throughout the simulations whilst the recent IL37 dimer (PDB ID: 6ncu) with a different interface, did not. These findings underscored that the recent IL37 dimer (6ncu) structure is likely to contain an error, probably in its biological assembly record, otherwise it was not a stable assemblyin silico. Next, focusing on the stable dimer structure of 5hn1, we have identified five critical positions of V71/Y85/I86/E89/S114 that would altogether reduce dimer stability without affecting the monomer fold. Two quintet mutations were tested similarly by MD simulations and both mutations showed either partial or complete dissociation of the dimeric form. Overall, this work contributes to the development of IL37-based therapeutics by accurately representing the dimer interface in the PDB structures and identifying five potential substitutions to effectively inhibit the inflammatory response triggered by IL18.