bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIFFERENT H2 RECEPTOR ANTIHISTAMINES DISSIMILARLY RETARD THE GROWTH OF XENOGRAFTED HUMAN MELANOMA CELLS IN IMMUNODEFICIENT MICE
Authors: Szincsák Nora , Hegyesi Hargita , Hunyadi Janos , Falus Andras , Juhász Istvan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMelanoma cells and tissues contain considerable amounts of histamine and express histamine receptors, suggesting the existence of autocrine and paracrine regulation by histamine. Our previous in vitro results suggested that histamine elevates melanoma cell growth through the H2 receptor. In this work we show that in vivo tumour proliferation in immunodeficient mice xenotransplanted with a human melanoma cell line is diminished by cimetidine, an H2 receptor antagonist, if combined with a tamoxifen derivate acting on cytochrome p450 molecules (DPPE). Ranitidine, another H2 receptor antagonist, has a weaker inhibitory effect, the kinetics and mechanism of which is probably dissimilar to that of the cimetidine/DPPE mixture.
Late Holocene Sea-Level Change on Rota and Guam, Mariana Islands, and Its Constraint on Geophysical Predictions
Authors: Kayanne Hajime , Ishii Teruaki , Matsumoto Eiji , Yonekura Nobuyuki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHolocene emergent reefs and notches are well distributed on Rota and Guam. Relative sea-level changes at these islands are reconstructed based on geomorphological observations and borings on present and emergent reefs, together with 54 radiocarbon dates. Sea level rose gradually to a maximum of 1.8 m between 6000 and 4200 yr B.P. and reached its highest level by 4200 yr B.P. on both islands. After 3200 yr B.P. abrupt uplift caused emergence of the reef. By subtracting the tectonic effect, we obtained the sea-level change in the Marianas: sea level reached its present level by 4200 yr B.P. and has remained almost stable since then. Reconstructed late Holocene sea-level change in the Mariana Islands provides constraints on geophysical models of sea-level variations.
Variations in Sediment Yield from the Upper Doubs River Carbonate Watershed (Jura, France) since the Late-Glacial Period
Authors: Bichet Vincent , Campy Michel , Buoncristiani Jean-François , Digiovanni Christian , Meybeck Michel , Richard Hervé 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe Upper Doubs River Valley is a 910-km2watershed feeding into Lake Chaillexon. The lake was formed by a natural rockfall at the end of the Bølling Chronozone (around 14,250 cal yr B.P.) and since then has trapped material eroded from the watershed. The filling process and variations in sediment yield have been investigated by mechanical coring, seismic surveys, and electric soundings. The detrital sediment yield of the upstream watershed can be calculated by quantifying the sedimentary stocks for each climatic stage of the Late-Glacial period and Holocene Epoch and estimating the lake's entrapment capacity. This enables us to determine the intensity of the erosion processes in relation to climate and environmental factors. The Bølling–Allerød Interstade produced the greatest yields with mean values of 19,500 metric tons per calendar year (t/yr). The Younger Dryas Chronozone saw a sharp fall (8900 t/yr) that continued into the Preboreal (2100 t/yr). Clastic supply increased during the Boreal (4500 t/yr) before declining again in the Early Atlantic (2400 t/yr). Since then, yields have risen from 4500 t/yr in the Late Atlantic to 6800 t/yr in the Subboreal and 11,100 t/yr in the Subatlantic. Comparison of quantitative data with the qualitative analysis of the deposits and with the paleohydrologic curve of the watershed based on level fluctuations in lakes around Chaillexon shows that climate was the controlling factor of sediment yield until the Late Atlantic. From the Late Atlantic–Subboreal around 5400 cal yr B.P. (470014C yr B.P.) and especially from the end of the Subboreal Chronozone and during the Subatlantic Chronozone (2770 cal yr B.P./270014C yr B.P.–present) climatic constraints have been compounded by human activity related to forest clearing and land use.
Approximate channel identification viaδ‐signed correlation
Authors: Balakrishnan J. , Sethares W. A. , Johnson C. R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA method of approximate channel identification is proposed that is based on a simplification of the correlation estimator. Despite the numerical simplification (no multiplications or additions are required, only comparisons and an accumulator), the performance of the proposed estimator is not significantly worse than that of the standard correlation estimator. A free (user selectable) parameter moves ‘smoothly’ from a situation with small sum‐squared channel estimation error but hard‐to‐identify channel peaks, to one with a larger sum‐squared estimation error but easy‐to‐identify channel peaks. The proposed estimator is shown to be biased and its behaviour is analysed in a number of situations. Applications of the proposed estimator to sparsity detection, symbol timing recovery and to the initialization of blind equalizers are suggested. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A modified second‐order SPSA optimization algorithm for finite samples
Authors: Zhu Xun , Spall James C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe propose a modification to the simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) methods based on the comparisons made between the first‐ and second‐order SPSA (1SPSA and 2SPSA) algorithms from the perspective of loss function Hessian. At finite iterations, the accuracy of the algorithm depends on the matrix conditioning of the loss function Hessian. The error of 2SPSA algorithm for a loss function with an ill‐conditioned Hessian is greater than the one with a well‐conditioned Hessian. On the other hand, the 1SPSA algorithm is less sensitive to the matrix conditioning of loss function Hessians. The modified 2SPSA (M2SPSA) eliminates the error amplification caused by the inversion of an ill‐conditioned Hessian. This leads to significant improvements in its algorithm efficiency in problems with an ill‐conditioned Hessian matrix. Asymptotically, the efficiency analysis shows that M2SPSA is also superior to 2SPSA in a large parameter domain. It is shown that the ratio of the mean square errors for M2SPSA to 2SPSA is always less than one except for a perfectly conditioned Hessian or for an asymptotically optimal setting of the gain sequence. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth by acquisition and the performance of large food retailers
Authors: Bjornson Bruce , Sykuta Michael E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe latter 1990s witnessed rapid growth among the largest retail food chain companies, much of it through acquisitions. An explanatory motive is that grocery chains could achieve greater scale economies and operating efficiencies, and increase their bargaining power with packaged food manufacturer‐suppliers. This article begins to examine whether the largest retailers are realizing the promised financial rewards associated with this growth trend. We examine the performance of the three largest U.S. food retailers, Albertson's, Inc., The Kroger Company, and Safeway Inc., over 7 fiscal years beginning in calendar year 1993 and ending in fiscal year 1999, a period that covers the recent increase in acquisition activity. Overall, we find only modest evidence that the financial returns to the rapid growth strategies of the three largest food retailers have begun to be realized through fiscal year 1999. [EconLit citations: G390, G340, Q130] © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Successful treatment of anemia in idiopathic myelofibrosis with recombinant human erythropoietin
Authors: Hasselbalch Hans Carl , Clausen Nielsaage Tøffner , Jensen Bjarne Anker 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThirteen patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis (5 osteomyelosclerosis) were treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) for transfusion‐dependent anemia. All but 7 patients were concomitantly treated with alpha interferon, and 5 patients also received a interferon before the start of erythropoietin (EPO) treatment. All but two patients became transfusion independent. The highly positive results of the present study of transfusion‐dependent patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis calls for further studies to delineate more precisely in larger series those patients who are likely to respond to rHuEpo. Am. J. Hematol. 70:92–99, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monoclonal gammopathy after low‐grade MALT lymphoma: Evidence for a second neoplasm
Authors: Pachmann S. , Anderegg B. , Müller‐Höcker J. , Nathrath W. , Brack N. , Tigges F.J. , Hartenstein R. , Munker R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report the case of a patient with lymphoma of the salivary gland, at first diagnosed as lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) but later found to infiltrate the bone marrow. At diagnosis, the patient had a polyclonal increase of gamma‐globulins. Five years after initial diagnosis, the patient presented with monoclonal gammopathy and infiltration of the bone marrow with neoplastic cells. Initially, the patient had received chemotherapy with different protocols (including etoposide, cyclophosphamide, fludarabin, methotrexate, and vincristine), none of which induced a lasting response. Therapy with rituximab (chimeric anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody) finally led to partial remission. Eighteen months after rituximab, progressive lymphoma in the abdomen and a monoclonal gammopathy developed. The bone marrow showed infiltration by lymphoplasmacytoid cells (monoclonal expression of the light‐chain type lambda, positive for CD20, heterogeneous expression of CD45). The patient achieved another short clinical response with 4 cycles of the CHOP‐protocol, but soon the lymphoma progressed again. Five years and 8 months after the initial diagnosis, the patient died from septicemia and progressive lymphoma. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the IgH gene it was shown that lymphoma cells were initially oligoclonal in the salivary gland and, later, biclonal in the bone marrow. Sequencing of two bands of apparently same length showed that these manifestations of lymphoma were not identical. Taken together, our data show that the initial low‐grade oligoclonal MALT lymphoma was no longer present and a more aggressive biclonal lymphoma with plasmacytoid differentiation had developed. The new lymphoma was clonally distinct and produced high amounts of monoclonal IgG lambda by immunoelectrophoresis. The relationship of the second lymphoma to the initial MALT lymphoma is discussed. Am. J. Hematol. 70:167–173, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymptomatic homozygous deletional β0‐thalassemia in an African individual
Authors: Faustino Paula , Reis Ana Batalha , Feliciano Helena , Ferrão Lénia , Pereira Patrícia , Picanço Isabel , Miranda Armandina , Seixas Teresa , Romão Luísa , Júnior Esmeraldina Correia , Lavinha João 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHomozygosity or compound heterozygosity for β0‐thalassemia mutations most commonly results in a transfusion‐dependent thalassemia major phenotype. In this report, we describe a 55‐year‐old male, from Guinea‐Bissau, that had been asymptomatic and never transfused until being admitted to hospital with anemia, fever, splenomegaly, and asthenia. Following hospital admission, HIV‐2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections were diagnosed, and biochemical and molecular studies revealed homozygosity for β0‐thalassemia. At the molecular level, this is the first description of homozygosity for the β0‐Black 1,393‐bp deletion. In this case, the complete absence of β‐globin gene expression seems to be compensated by an unusually high fetal globin gene expression (Hb F 96%). β‐Globin haplotyping results were compatible with the propositus being homozygous for the Black 2 haplotype and for the absence of the XmnI polymorphism at −158 of Gγ‐globin gene (−/−). Co‐inheritance of genetic factors usually associated with high Hb F levels was not detected. Otherwise, the propositus is a heterozygote for the α‐globin gene 3.7‐kb deletion that is a beneficial modulating factor but not sufficient to explain this extremely mild phenotype. This unusual genotype/phenotype association is discussed in terms of the mechanisms underlying hemoglobin switching during development. Am. J. Hematol. 70:232–236, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bcl‐2 family of proteins in indolent B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma: Study of 116 cases
Authors: Agarwal Beamon , Naresh Kikkeri N. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe bcl‐2 family of proteins comprises both antagonists and agonists of apoptosis. We have investigated whether subsets of indolent B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (IB‐NHL) differ in the expression of the bcl‐2 family members; 116 cases of IB‐NHL, composed of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL, n = 48), follicular lymphoma (FL, n = 38), marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma (MZBCL, n = 15), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL, n = 15), were investigated for expression of bcl‐2, bcl‐X, mcl‐1, bax, and bak proteins by immunohistochemistry. Expression of bcl‐2 and bcl‐X proteins was moderate/high among most IB‐NHLs. Expression of mcl‐1 was low/absent in most cases of CLL and MCL and low/moderate in most cases of FL and MZBCL. Most MCLs did not express bax protein. Bax expression was absent/low among most cases of CLL and low/moderate among most cases of FL and MZBCL. Expression of bak was moderate/low among most cases of CLL, MZBCL, and MCL but was absent/low among most cases of FL. The different subsets of IB‐NHLs differ in their expression of mcl‐1, bax, and bak proteins. Am. J. Hematol. 70:278–282, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chylothorax in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient
Authors: Doerr Clinton H. , Staats Bruce A. , Markovic Svetomir N. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is rarely complicated by chylothorax: we present a 93‐year‐old woman with CLL who developed recurrent pleural effusions that were ultimately found to be chylous in nature. Despite eight repeated thoracenteses, she continued to experience re‐accumulation of fluid, and therefore, video‐assisted thoracotomy with mass ligation of the thoracic duct region plus pleurodesis was performed to resolve the chylothorax. Despite her age and underlying disease, she did well during follow‐up. The etiology and management of chylothorax are also reviewed. Am. J. Hematol. 70:237–240, 2002.© 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sickle erythrocyte adherence to endothelium at low shear: Role of shear stress in propagation of vaso‐occlusion
Authors: Montes Richard A.O. , Eckman James R. , Hsu Lewis L. , Wick Timothy M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractUnder venular flow conditions, sickle cell adherence to endothelium is mediated by cell adhesion molecules and adhesive proteins associated with inflammation, coagulation, and endothelial perturbation. Periodic and reduced blood flow are observed in sickle microcirculation during hematologic steady state, suggesting that blood flow is compromised in sickle microcirculation. We tested the hypothesis that low blood flow enhances adherence by quantifying sickle cell adhesion to endothelium under venular flow (1.0 dyne/cm2 shear stress) and low flow (0.1 dyne/cm2 shear stress), with and without addition of adhesion promoting agonists. Under low flow, sickle cell adherence to endothelium increases with contact time in the absence of endothelial activation or adhesive protein addition. In contrast, at venular shear stress, sickle cell adherence only occurs following endothelial activation with TNF‐α or addition of thrombospondin. Analysis of these data with a mathematical model reveals that at low flow adherence is “transport‐controlled,” meaning that contact time between sickle cells and endothelium is a more important determinant of adherence than high‐affinity receptor–ligand interactions. Low‐affinity interactions are sufficient for adhesion at low flow. In contrast, at venular flow (1 dyne/cm2 shear stress) adherence is “affinity‐controlled,” meaning that adherence requires induction of specific high‐affinity receptor–ligand interactions. These findings demonstrate that in addition to activating factors and adherence proteins, microvascular shear stress is an important determinant of sickle cell adhesion to endothelium. This suggests that in vivo, erythrostasis is an important determinant of adhesion that can act either independently or concurrently with ongoing acute events to induce adhesive interactions and vaso‐occlusion. Am. J. Hematol. 70:216–227, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Skeletal clues apparently distinguishing Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia from multiple myeloma and leukemia
Authors: Rothschild B.M. , Ruhli F. , Rothschild C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study was conducted to characterize macroscopically and by conventional radiography the bony lesions in a case of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia and to compare and contrast it with those of the other major hematologic lymphoproliferative disorders, multiple myeloma and leukemia. Two varieties of lytic skeletal lesions were found in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. One was sharply defined, spheroid lesions with smooth borders and effaced/erased trabeculae. The second was in the form of coalescing pits (holes) with smooth, minimally remodeled edges. The appearance combined features of multiple myeloma and leukemia, but were mutually exclusive in those diseases. Spheroid lesions with effaced edges were absent in leukemia, while pits were absent in multiple myeloma. Fronts of resorption were not noted in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. The combination of some of the features of leukemia and myeloma appear to allow recognition of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:532–537, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancer genetics
Authors: Knudson Alfred G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCancer is a genetic disease of somatic cells. Tumor karyotypes are rarely normal, and most show multiple abnormalities of both number and structure. The first direct evidence for this concept of cancer came from studies of tumor‐specific translocations in leukemias and lymphomas, revealing the importance of oncogenes and the regulation of gene transcription in cancer. A second major source of information about human cancer genes is hereditary cancer. Genetic predisposition of the autosomal dominant type imposes a high relative risk for one or more kinds of cancer. In the past decade or so, more than 30 mutant genes for such hereditary cancers have been cloned. Penetrance depends upon additional, somatic, mutations. A few of the genes are oncogenes or DNA repair genes, but most are tumor suppressor genes. Some tumor suppressors regulate transcription, while others operate in signal transduction pathways that are involved in regulating processes of cell birth, differentiation, and death. The knowledge gained is stimulating new approaches to the treatment and prevention of cancer. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wolfram syndrome: Identification of a phenotypic and genotypic variant from Jordan
Authors: Ajlouni Kamel , Jarrah Nadim , El‐Khateeb Mohammed , El‐Zaheri Mohamed , El Shanti Hatem , Lidral Andrew 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWolfram syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder with probable locus heterogeneity. Only insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus and progressive optic‐nerve atrophy are necessary to make the diagnosis, but associated findings include diabetes insipidus, sensorineural hearing loss, ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, urinary‐tract atony, and psychiatric illnesses. We performed clinical and molecular studies on four consanguineous families with 16 affected individuals. We point out a new phenotypic variant with absent diabetes insipidus, presence of peptic ulcer disease and bleeding tendency secondary to a platelet aggregation defect. The same phenotypic variant turned out to be a genotypic variant with linkage to a second Wolfram syndrome locus (WFS2) on chromosome 4q22–24. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of the muscarinic cholinergic 2 receptor (CHRM2) gene with major depression in women
Authors: Comings David E. , Wu Sujihan , Rostamkhani M. , McGue Matt , Iacono William G. , MacMurray James P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCholinergic neurons have been implicated in depression and in the disorders of REM sleep in depression. We examined a common A‐> T 1890 polymorphism in the 3′ UTR of the cholinergic muscarinic receptor 2 (CHRM2) gene. There was a significant increase in the frequency of 11 homozygotes in 126 women with major depression (43.7%) compared to 304 women without major depression (25.7%), P = .001. There was no increase in the frequency of 11 homozygotes in 52 men with depression (26.9%) compared to 278 men without depression (27.7%). Regression analysis, scoring subjects with the 11 genotype as 1, and those with other genotypes as 0, showed that in women r2 = .030, F = 13.37, P = .0003. By contrast, in men r2 = .00001, F = 0.002, P = .96. These results are consistent with a gender‐specific role of the CHRM2 gene in depression in women. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predicting the risk of cystic fibrosis with abnormal ultrasound signs of fetal bowel: Results of a French molecular collaborative study based on 641 prospective cases
Authors: Muller F. , Simon‐Bouy B. , Girodon E. , Monnier N. , Malinge M.C. , Serre J.L. ,   and the French Collaborative Group
Published: October 2002

AbstractHyperechogenic fetal bowel is prenatally detected by ultrasound during the second trimester of pregnancy in 0.1–1.8% of fetuses. It has been described as a normal variant but has often been associated with severe diseases, notably cystic fibrosis (CF). The aim of our study was to determine the risk of CF in a prospective study of 641 fetuses with ultrasonographically abnormal fetal bowel and the residual risk when only one mutation is detected in the fetus. Fetal cells and/or parental blood cells were screened for CFTR mutations. Two screening steps were used, the first covering the mutations most frequently observed in French CF patients (mutation detection rate of 70–90%) and, when a CF mutation was detected, a DGGE‐sequencing strategy. We observed a 3.1% risk of CF when a digestive tract anomaly was prenatally observed at routine ultrasound examination. The risk was higher when hyperechogenicity was associated with bowel dilatation (5/29; 17%) or with the absence of gall bladder (2/8; 25%). The residual risk of CF was 11% when only one CF mutation was detected by the first screening step, thereby justifying in‐depth screening. Mutations associated with severe CF (ΔF508 mutation) were more frequently observed in these ultrasonographically and prenatally detected CF cases. However, the frequency of heterozygous cases was that observed in the normal population, which demonstrates that heterozygous carriers of CF mutations are not at increased risk for hyperechogenic bowel. In conclusion, fetal bowel anomalies indicate a risk of severe cystic fibrosis and justify careful CFTR molecular analysis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.