bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SAR Analysis Using Various Substrates of Microstrip Antenna for Breast Cancer Hyperthermia Treatment
Authors: Hassan Mazlina Mansor , Lias Kasumawati , Buniyamin Norlida , Narihan Mohamad Zulkarnaen Ahmad , Naimullah Bibi Sarpinah Sheikh , Ispawi Dzufi Iszura 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hyperthermia is an alternative technique used to treat breast cancer using high heat, around 41°C to 45°C, to denature cancer tissue into necrotic tissue. It can work independently or in adjuvant with other conventional methods. The design of an antenna with a suitable substrate is essential for the applicator to transmit maximal heat to the intended area and distribute the heat uniformly on the treated tissues. Therefore, the inset feed microstrip antenna is design with five different substrates, simulated, analyzed, and their performance is compared to get the best substrate. The substrates used include Rogers Duroid RT5880, Rogers RO4003, FR4, Alumina and Rogers RO3010. SEMCAD X 14.8.4 software is used to design, simulate and generate SAR. RT5880 and RO4003 show better SAR distribution and focus position distance (FPD), which can be further examined for future research. 2450 MHz, 915 MHz and 434 MHz frequencies are compared to find the most suitable frequency to apply with the applicator. A 915 MHz frequency shows better performance which can penetrate more toward the cancerous areas. However, there are several deficiencies such as difficulty in controlling FPD, wide unwanted hotspot and massive skin burn problem, that needs to be improved to provide less adverse health effects due to the execution of hyperthermia treatment. The selection of suitable substrates can help reduce the deficiencies and improve the effectiveness of the hyperthermia technique. The estimated period is within 2 hours to 3.6 hours to achieve sufficient heating to destroy the cancerous cells.
Impact of Cortical Bone Thickness on the Parameters of Fast and Slow Ultrasound Wave based on 2-D Simulation
Authors: Wahab Muhamad Amin Bin Abd , Sudirman Rubita , Mahmood Nasrul Humaimi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) has been introduced to measure the quality of human bones using ultrasound and become one of the prevention methods for Osteoporosis diseases. Because of the porous composition inherent in human cancellous bone, the generation of both fast and slow waves occurs, and these waves exhibit a distinct association with the cancellous bone structure, particularly the extent of porosity. Nonetheless, the presence of these waves is also contingent upon the anisotropy of cancellous bone, and it is noteworthy that most human cancellous bones are enveloped by cortical bone, which may influence the parameters of the fast and slow waves. Therefore, the aim of this study is to perform a 2-Dimensional (2-D) simulation utilizing the through transmission (TT) measurement method. The primary focus is to examine the impact of cortical thickness on the parameters of both the fast and slow waves. The cortical thickness will be added to the cancellous bone models and the thickness will be varied. Then, the fast and slow wave parameters will be compared in terms of correlation coefficient to identify which wave is affected more. The result shows that the cortical thickness causes increasing in attenuation and velocity for both fast and slow waves. The increase in attenuation is due to sonometry effects while the different longitudinal velocities of water and bone material may contribute to the behaviors for phase velocity measurements. However, the fast wave shows more correlation with the cortical thickness for attenuation (R2
= 0.76) and phase velocity (R2
= 0.77) parameters. This is due to fast wave corresponding to the solid structure and increasing cortical thickness also increase the solid structure. Thus, analyzing fast waves against human cancellous bone, cortical bone thickness needs to be considered to ensure accurate measurements.
Field Oriented Control Implementation on BLDC Motor Controller with PI and SVPWM using STM32F103C8T6
Authors: Prayogo Rofiq Cahyo , Triwiyatno Aris , Riyadi Munawar Agus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Brushless direct current (BLDC) motor are high power density motors with a wide scope for use in electric vehicles, home automation, and industry. But the motor performance degrades due to improper control actions. This is caused by uncontrolled BLDC motor torque currents. Field Oriented Control (FOC) method is a solution for controlling BLDC motor, because it has the advantaged of overcoming torque ripples at low speeds. This paper presents the implementation of FOC on BLDC motor using STM32F103C8T6, which is high speed and low cost microcontroller. STM32F103C8T6 has been applied to handle FOC algorithm calculation and data processing. In order to validate the FOC algorithm system and assess the performance of the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller, a 350-watt BLDC motor on an electric bicycle was tested and compared with a Universal controller. The tests that have been conducted proven that the FOC controller makes power more efficient, rotates BLDC motor at low speeds, and reduces torque ripple.
EPID-based in vivo dosimetry – new developments and applications
Authors: McCurdy B M C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

In vivo dosimetry has been shown to be a powerful quality assurance method in modern radiation therapy. The most common tool used for in vivo dosimetry is the electronic portal imaging device (EPID) which can quantitatively image the therapeutic beam fluence exiting the patient during treatment delivery. Since the last major literature review on this topic was published five years ago, the radiation oncology community has shown continued strong interest in this subject. Commercial options have become more widely available, with a related increase in validation efforts and sensitivity testing, while new applications continue to be explored. Work has been done to understand and increase the accuracy of the EPID for dosimetric applications, as well as continued efforts to provide practical, quantitative experiences from clinical implementation of in vivo dosimetry systems. This review examines the published literature related to in vivo EPID dosimetry from January 2017 to February 2022. The literature is classified into three main topical areas: (1) new or improved algorithmic developments including validation work, (2) applications of the in vivo EPID dosimetry method, and (3) error identification and error sensitivity analyses.
Contemporary Applications of Cherenkov Imaging in Radiation Therapy
Authors: Zhang R , Decker S , Alexander D , Ashraf R , Rahman M , Hachadorian R , Gill G , Rose M , Hunt B , Hoopes P J , Jarvis L , Bruza P , Gladstone D , Pogue B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cherenkov radiation (CR) is produced from all high energy radiation sources and is part of the dose delivery process in tissue. As such, CR is a direct indicator of the dose delivery process and in recent years the ability to image and measure CR has provided a number of ways to help with radiotherapy dosimetry and delivery tracking. This review provides an overview of the fundamental physical principles of CR production and the radiation transport in tissue, along with applications of imaging CR that have seen significant development in the past few years.
Characterisation and application of three-dimensional silicone-based radiochromic dosimetry in 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging-guided radiotherapy
Authors: Jensen Morten B , Balling Peter , Riis Hans L , Bertelsen Anders S , Jensen Simon V , Doran Simon J , Petersen Jørgen B B , Muren Ludvig P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The magnetic field in magnetic resonance imaging-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) systems influences the three-dimensional (3D) dose deposition and hence the delivered dose distributions. The aim of this study was to investigate the dose-rate dependency and dose response of silicone-based radiochromic dosimeters for photon irradiation in the precense of a magnetic field using a 1.5 T MRgRT system. Additionally, the study aimed to provide a proof of the concept of radiotherapy treatment based on a treatment plan calculated on magnetic resonance imaging rather than a computed tomography (CT) scan. The delivered dose was read out in 3D with an optical CT scanner and the dose distribution was verified using gamma analysis. We found an insignificant dose-rate dependency for dose rates ranging from 3.2 to 5.1 Gy/min and a linear dose response up to 20 Gy. A 3D 3%/3mm gamma analysis showed a pass rate of 95.1%. The dosimeter showed clinical potential for 3D dose verification of MRgRT delivery.
Investigation of the Dosimetry Characteristics of the GAFCHROMIC® EBT3 Film Response to Alpha Particle Irradiation
Authors: Cyr Mélodie , Martinez Victor D. , Devic Slobodan , Tomic Nada , Lewis David F. , Enger Shirin A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the dosimetric characteristics of the GAFCHROMIC® EBT3 film responding to alpha particle irradiation. Unlaminated GAFCHROMIC® EBT3 film pieces, were irradiated with a 30.055 kBq 241Am alpha source, at eight different dose levels, between 0 and 509 Gy. The irradiations were performed inside an enclosed box. Epson Expression 10000 XL scanner in transmission mode was used to digitize irradiated films 24 hours post-irradiations as 16-bit RGB images in tagged image file format (TIFF). Optical density (OD) values were obtained by following the OD theorem. Raw and normalized pixel values (PVnorm) from the red, green, and blue colour channels were sampled from a 3 × 3 mm2 region of interest. Calibration curves were created for both data sets (OD and PVnorm) and were fit accordingly. Monte Carlo simulations with the Geant4 toolkit were performed to establish a dose rate at the point within the sensitive layer of the film. An alpha dosimetry protocol for EBT3 films was obtained from the Monte Carlo calculated dose rate and dose calibration curves for alpha radiation were created. It is necessary to extend this study for different film types and compare to photon dosimetry calibration curves.
Balancing cost, water, emissions, and reliability in power systems operations
Authors: Kravits Jacob , Kasprzyk Joseph R , Baker Kyri , Stillwell Ashlynn S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Traditionally, large-scale thermoelectric power generation has been operated to reduce system operational costs. To expedite the mitigation of the harmful effects of climate change, many have proposed additional incentives for system operation (i.e. policies) that incorporate greenhouse gas emissions. However, such policies rarely consider unforeseen impacts on the volumes of water required for cooling thermoelectric plants as well as the potential effects on electricity production from water/climate-related stressors. We first create a case study representative of the thermoelectric-dominated water/energy systems in the Midwestern United States. Through this case study, our analysis investigates the tradeoffs of cost, water, emissions, and reliability in thermoelectric-dominated water/energy systems via policy analysis. Furthermore, we show how such policies respond differently to historic operational, climatological, and hydrological stressors. Specifically, we find that policies that focus on a single criterion can leave power systems vulnerable to reliability issues, operational cost increases, ecological impacts on riverine systems, and increased emissions. Therefore, consideration of many criteria (cost, water, emissions, and reliability) is necessary for creating an effective water-energy-emissions policy.
Projected ENSO teleconnection on the Southeast Asian climate under global warming
Authors: Nguyen–Le Dzung 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Given the importance of El Niño–Southern oscillation (ENSO) teleconnection on the Southeast Asia (SEA) climate, the ENSO-induced precipitation and near-surface air temperature anomalies over SEA and its twenty sub-regions are compared between historical (1985–2014) and future (2070–2099) simulations using 30 models from Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Future projections suggest that the Philippines, Malay Peninsula, most of the Maritime Continent, and southern Indochina experience reduced (increased) precipitation in the future El Niño (La Niña) summer. Then, during autumn, amplification of ENSO-precipitation teleconnection is projected in the Borneo, Malay Peninsula, and northern Vietnam, raising flood concerns in these sub-regions in future La Niña autumn. During winter, projected ENSO-driven negative anomalies continue intensifying and shifting northeastward, resulting in drier (wetter) conditions for the Philippines and surrounding areas in future El Niño (La Niña). Conversely, a southeastward shift of ENSO-driven precipitation anomalies is projected in the following spring, leading to dampening (an amplification) of teleconnection over the western (eastern) part of SEA. Regarding near-surface air temperature, a ‘land-sea contrast’ pattern is seen, in which intensified ENSO-driven positive (negative) anomalies are projected over land (ocean). At the sub-region scale, robust amplifications in the ENSO teleconnection are mainly observed when only considering the land temperature. The most noticeable future changes are robust amplification of the ENSO-driven positive temperature anomalies in northern Indochina and Myanmar during winter. These sub-regions typically experience a cooler winter, suggesting that wintertime mean temperature there may be much higher under future El Niño conditions. The projected changes in ENSO-driven precipitation and near-surface air temperature anomalies both appear to scale with the radiative forcing, i.e. a higher radiative forcing corresponds to higher teleconnection changes and more sub-regions of SEA experience robust changes. These results suggest that significant ENSO teleconnection changes can be mitigated by minimizing future warming.
Continuous variable port-based teleportation
Authors: Pereira Jason L , Banchi Leonardo , Pirandola Stefano 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Port-based teleportation (PBT) is a generalisation of the standard teleportation protocol which does not require unitary operations by the receiver. This comes at the price of requiring N > 1 entangled pairs, while N = 1 for the standard teleportation protocol. The lack of correction unitaries allows PBT to be used as a fundamental theoretical tool to simulate arbitrary channels with a general resource, with applications to study fundamental limits of quantum communication, cryptography and sensing, and to define general programmable quantum computers. Here we introduce a general formulation of port-based teleportation in continuous variable systems and study in detail the N = 2 case. In particular, we interpret the resulting channel as an energy truncation and analyse the kinds of channels that can be naturally simulated after this restriction.
Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Concrete by replacing palm Ash and fine seashell powder as Partial Cement replacement
Authors: Almaamari Janat , Fahdi Rahma Al , Jabri Fatma alzahraa Al , Kuckian Sachin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Manufacturing cement causes harm to the environment due to Co2 emissions. CO2 emission by the industry could be reduced by recycling natural waste materials such as palm ash and seashell powder; since seashell has 95% of calcium carbonate and palm ash can improve the mechanical properties. 15 cube, 3 beams were subjected to several tests to find the mechanical characteristics in a certain period. The tests were compression strength test, flexural test, workability, SEM tests, and sieving analysis. Thebeam dimensions measurements are 150mm*150mm*650mm, and 150mm*150mm*150mm for cubes. OPC was the main finding of compression strength which gained the highest strength, but in 28 days 25% of cement replacement gained 31.7Mpa when compared with other specimens. On the other hand, OPC and 5% of partial cement replacement were classified as high workability. In addition, flexural strength test showed that 15% of cement replacement achieved the highest strength compared with other specimens. SEM test showed the surface texture of PA and SP affect the hydration, therefore it will affect the strength of concrete.
Investigating the electrochemical and antibacterial activities of nickel pyrophosphate [a-Ni2P2O7] nanostructures
Authors: Mary A Juliet Christina , Santhanalakshmi M , Lavanya L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nickel pyrophosphate nanostructures have been synthesized by a simple co-precipitation method. Annealing temperature affected the crystal structure formation of α-Ni2P2O7 and altered the surface morphology. By increasing the annealing temperature from 350 °C to 900 °C, the morphology of the material varies from irregularly shaped agglomerated particles to dumbbell-shaped nanoparticles respectively. The electrochemical performance of α-Ni2P2O7 nanoflakes (NP-2) and dumbbell-shaped (NP-3) nanoparticles is tested at 1 M KOH electrolyte solution, which provides the maximum specific capacitance of 146 and 121 F g−1 at a current density of 0.8 A g−1 respectively. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of NP-2 nanoflakes is tested against different pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The highest value of the inhibition zone exhibits the good antibiotic nature of the α-Ni2P2O7 nanoflakes.
Ion-acoustic waves with non-planar wavefronts
Authors: BUKHARI Shujaht , SHAHID Muhammad , RAHMAN Ata-ur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The ion-acoustic (IA) mode exhibiting various orbital angular momentum (OAM) states is examined in a plasma with drifting electrons. The constituent plasma species are modeled with a non-gyrotropic Maxwellian distribution and discussion of dispersion relation and growth rate of twisted IA waves under various conditions is presented. In the domain of kinetic model, the twisted IA waves are characterized by Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) solutions, where plasma distribution function and electric field are decomposed into axial and azimuthal components. The plasma response function is obtained under paraxial approximations and investigated for threshold condition of instability growth rate with helical electric field structures. The impact of an extra electron specie on the instability is demonstrated through a comparison of twisted waves for single and double electron species.
Development of Dα band symmetrical visible optical diagnostic for boundary reconstruction on EAST tokamak
Authors: CHEN 陈 Ming 明 , SHEN 沈 Biao 飊 , KADO Shinichiro , GUO 郭 Bihao 笔豪 , CHEN 陈 Dalong 大龙 , CAI 蔡 Furui 福瑞 , XIAO 肖 Bingjia 炳甲 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To investigate the potential of utilizing visible spectral imaging for controlling the plasma boundary shape during stable operation of plasma in future tokamak, a Dα band symmetric visible light diagnostic system was designed and implemented on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). This system leverages two symmetric optics for joint plasma imaging. The optical system exhibits a spatial resolution less than 2 mm at the poloidal cross-section, distortion within the field of view below 10%, and relative illumination of 91%. The high-quality images obtained enable clear observation of both the plasma boundary position and the characteristics of components within the vacuum vessel. Following system calibration and coordinate transformation, the image coordinate boundary features are mapped to the tokamak coordinate system. Utilizing this system, the plasma boundary was reconstructed, and the resulting representation showed alignment with the EFIT (Equilibrium Fitting) results. This underscores the system’s superior performance in boundary reconstruction applications and provides a diagnostic foundation for boundary shape control based on visible spectral imaging.
Design of the electron cyclotron emission diagnostic on EXL-50 spherical torus
Authors: WANG 王 Yumin 嵎民 , XIE 谢 Qifeng 奇峰 , TAO 陶 Renyi 仁义 , ZHANG 张 Hui 辉 , BO 薄 Xiaokun 晓坤 , SUN 孙 Tiantian 恬恬 , LUN 伦 Xiuchun 秀春 , CHEN 陈 Lin 琳 , TAN 谭 Weiqiang 伟强 , GUO 郭 Dong 栋 , DENG 邓 Bihe 必河 , LIU 刘 Minsheng 敏胜 , the EXL-50 Team  
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The electron cyclotron emission (ECE) diagnostic system has been developed on the ENN spherical torus (EXL-50). The ECE system is designed to detect radiation emitted by energetic electrons, rather than conventional 1D electron temperature profile measurement, in the frequency range of 4−40 GHz. The system is composed of five subsystems, each covering a different frequency band, including the C-band (4−8 GHz), X-band (8−12 GHz), Ku-band (12−18 GHz), K-band (18−26.5 GHz) and K

-band (26.4−40 GHz). The system uses heterodyne detection to analyze the received signals. The K-band and K

-band subsystems are located horizontally in the equatorial plane of the EXL-50, while the C-band, X-band and Ku-band subsystems are located under the vacuum vessel of the EXL-50. To direct the microwaves from the plasma to the antennas for the horizontal detection subsystems, a quasi-optical system has been developed. For the vertical detection subsystems, the antennas are directly attached to the port located beneath the torus at

= 700 mm, which is also the magnetic axis of the torus. The system integration, bench testing and initial experimental results will be thoroughly discussed, providing a comprehensive understanding of the ECE system’s performance and capabilities.
Simulation of liquid cone formation on the tip apex of indium field emission electric propulsion thrusters
Authors: SUN 孙 Yiming 逸鸣 , DENG 邓 Hanwen 涵文 , LIU 刘 Xinyu 欣宇 , KANG 康 Xiaoming 小明 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Field emission electric propulsion (FEEP) thrusters possess excellent characteristics, such as high specific impulse, low power requirements, compact size and precise pointing capabilities, making them ideal propulsion devices for micro-nano satellites. However, the detection of certain aspects, such as the evolution process of the liquid cone and the physical quantities at the cone apex, proves challenging due to the minute size of the needle tip and the vacuum environment in which they operate. Consequently, this paper introduces a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to gain insight into the formation process of the liquid cone on the tip apex of indium FEEP. The CFD model is based on electrohydrodynamic (EHD) equations and the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The entire cone formation process can be divided into three stages, and the time-dependent characteristics of the physical quantities at the cone apex are investigated. The influences of film thickness, apex radius size and applied voltage are compared. The results indicate a gradual increase in the values of electrostatic stress and surface tension stress at the cone apex over an initial period, followed by a rapid escalation within a short duration. Apex configurations featuring a small radius, thick film and high voltage exhibit a propensity for liquid cone formation, and the cone growth time decreases as the film thickness increases. Moreover, some unstable behavior is observed during the cone formation process.