bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental Impairments of Synaptic Refinement in the Thalamus of a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Wu Xiaotong , Liu Yali , Wang Xiaomeng , Zheng Lu , Pan Libiao , Wang Hao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While somatosensory over-reactivity is a common feature of autism spectrum disorders such as fragile X syndrome (FXS), the thalamic mechanisms underlying this remain unclear. Here, we found that the developmental elimination of synapses formed between the principal nucleus of V (PrV) and the ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPm) of the somatosensory system was delayed in fragile X mental retardation 1 gene knockout (Fmr1 KO) mice, while the developmental strengthening of these synapses was disrupted. Immunohistochemistry showed excessive VGluT2 puncta in mutants at P12–13, but not at P7–8 or P15–16, confirming a delay in somatic pruning of PrV-VPm synapses. Impaired synaptic function was associated with a reduction in the frequency of quantal AMPA events, as well as developmental deficits in presynaptic vesicle size and density. Our results uncovered the developmental impairment of thalamic relay synapses in Fmr1 KO mice and suggest that a thalamic contribution to the somatosensory over-reactivity in FXS should be considered.
Practical Guide to Measuring Wetland Carbon Pools and Fluxes
Authors: Bansal Sheel , Creed Irena F. , Tangen Brian A. , Bridgham Scott D. , Desai Ankur R. , Krauss Ken W. , Neubauer Scott C. , Noe Gregory B. , Rosenberry Donald O. , Trettin Carl , Wickland Kimberly P. , Allen Scott T. , Arias-Ortiz Ariane , Armitage Anna R. , Baldocchi Dennis , Banerjee Kakoli , Bastviken David , Berg Peter , Bogard Matthew J. , Chow Alex T. , Conner William H. , Craft Christopher , Creamer Courtney , DelSontro Tonya , Duberstein Jamie A. , Eagle Meagan , Fennessy M. Siobhan , Finkelstein Sarah A. , Göckede Mathias , Grunwald Sabine , Halabisky Meghan , Herbert Ellen , Jahangir Mohammad M. R. , Johnson Olivia F. , Jones Miriam C. , Kelleway Jeffrey J. , Knox Sara , Kroeger Kevin D. , Kuehn Kevin A. , Lobb David , Loder Amanda L. , Ma Shizhou , Maher Damien T. , McNicol Gavin , Meier Jacob , Middleton Beth A. , Mills Christopher , Mistry Purbasha , Mitra Abhijit , Mobilian Courtney , Nahlik Amanda M. , Newman Sue , O’Connell Jessica L. , Oikawa Patty , van der Burg Max Post , Schutte Charles A. , Song Changchun , Stagg Camille L. , Turner Jessica , Vargas Rodrigo , Waldrop Mark P. , Wallin Marcus B. , Wang Zhaohui Aleck , Ward Eric J. , Willard Debra A. , Yarwood Stephanie , Zhu Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWetlands cover a small portion of the world, but have disproportionate influence on global carbon (C) sequestration, carbon dioxide and methane emissions, and aquatic C fluxes. However, the underlying biogeochemical processes that affect wetland C pools and fluxes are complex and dynamic, making measurements of wetland C challenging. Over decades of research, many observational, experimental, and analytical approaches have been developed to understand and quantify pools and fluxes of wetland C. Sampling approaches range in their representation of wetland C from short to long timeframes and local to landscape spatial scales. This review summarizes common and cutting-edge methodological approaches for quantifying wetland C pools and fluxes. We first define each of the major C pools and fluxes and provide rationale for their importance to wetland C dynamics. For each approach, we clarify what component of wetland C is measured and its spatial and temporal representativeness and constraints. We describe practical considerations for each approach, such as where and when an approach is typically used, who can conduct the measurements (expertise, training requirements), and how approaches are conducted, including considerations on equipment complexity and costs. Finally, we review key covariates and ancillary measurements that enhance the interpretation of findings and facilitate model development. The protocols that we describe to measure soil, water, vegetation, and gases are also relevant for related disciplines such as ecology. Improved quality and consistency of data collection and reporting across studies will help reduce global uncertainties and develop management strategies to use wetlands as nature-based climate solutions.
Robotics for electric vehicles battery packs disassembly towards sustainable remanufacturing
Authors: Villagrossi Enrico , Dinon Tito 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe automotive industry is involved in a massive transformation from standard endothermic engines to electric propulsion. The core element of the Electic Vehicle (EV) is the battery pack. Battery pack production misses regulations concerning manufacturing standards and safety-related issues. In such a fragmented scenario, the increasing number of EVs in circulation is growing exponentially, opening new challenges for managing the End-of-Life (EoL) of their battery packs. This paper analyses the use of robotics for EVs’ battery pack disassembly to enable the extraction of the battery modules preserving their integrity for further reuse or recycling. The analysis highlights that a complete automatic disassembly remains difficult, while human-robot collaborative disassembly guarantees high flexibility and productivity. The paper introduces guidelines for designing a robotic cell to disassemble a battery pack with the support of an operator. The design of the workcell evaluates the technological requirements for disassembly, the analysis of potentially explosive atmospheres (ATEX) of the area around the battery pack, and the design and optimisation of robotics tools in the ATEX zone. The work proposes solutions according to the current international standards.
ERT investigation of mud volcanoes: detection of mud fluid migration pathways from 2D and 3D synthetic modelling
Authors: Torrese P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMud volcanoes are geological structures observed throughout the world that arise from the upwelling of deep fluids along discontinuities in the subsoil. The detection of mud fluid migration pathways can be challenging, even when using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) as detectability issues may arise from complex geological settings. This paper presents new results from 2D and 3D ERT synthetic modelling for the investigation of the shallow, internal structure of terrestrial mud volcanoes. This study revealed the internal structure of the ‘Cenerone-Pineto’ mud volcano (Central Italy) and provided further clues as to its internal structure. The main results of the study are: the presence of a mud chamber, which represents the last phase of mud accumulation before final emission, not located beneath the crater but laterally offset, as well as the presence of a narrow, shallow feeder channel; these findings represent evidence of a much more complex structure than one would expect. This means that the mud volcano is not supplied with mud fluids directly from below as would be the case with an uprising of deep fluid along a near-vertical open fracture and that the shallow mud fluid reservoir is not correlated to the distribution of any mud volcano observed on the surface. Findings from this study are consistent with the observed structural features already noted in ERT and seismic field data collected at the ‘Cenerone-Pineto’ mud volcano and may be helpful in explaining the mechanisms and processes involved in mud volcanism in similar geological settings.
Liraglutide 3.0 mg and mental health: can psychiatric symptoms be associated to adherence to therapy? Insights from a clinical audit
Authors: Tempia Valenta Silvia , Stecchi Michele , Perazza Federica , Nuccitelli Chiara , Villanova Nicola , Pironi Loris , Atti Anna Rita , Petroni Maria Letizia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Liraglutide 3.0 mg, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue, is a medication approved for obesity treatment. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychiatric symptoms, including depression, anxiety, and binge eating, and their impact on therapy adherence.

Methods
A clinical audit was carried out on a cohort of 54 adults with obesity treated with liraglutide 3.0 mg. We retrospectively analyzed the connection between psychiatric symptoms assessed through the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Binge Eating Scale (BES). Adherence to therapy was assessed by the maximum dosage (MD) and treatment duration (TD).

Results
Notably, a discontinuation rate of 59% was encountered. However, among those who continued the treatment, we observed a negative association between anxiety symptoms (STAI score) and MD, depression symptoms (BDI score) and TD, and a higher likelihood of binge eating (BES score > 17) and TD. Moreover, presence of psychiatric symptoms did not compromise drug's effectiveness in achieving weight loss, which was 4.43% (± 5.5 SD) in the whole sample and 5.3% (± 6.3 SD) in the subgroup evaluated at 12 weeks.

Conclusion
We observed a high discontinuation rate in real-life clinical setting, where Liraglutide 3.0 therapy is paid out-of-pocket. While psychiatric symptoms might play a role in diminishing adherence to therapy, they do not prevent drug's effectiveness to promote weight loss. This finding underscores the potential advantages of liraglutide 3.0 mg therapy for individuals contending with obesity while simultaneously managing mental health challenges.

Level of evidence
Level V, descriptive studies.
On some structural properties of generalized Lyapunov eigenproblems and application to operator preconditioning
Authors: Simoncini Valeria , Toni Daniele 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe are interested in generalized matrix eigenvalue problems of the type $$A X + X A = \lambda {H} X {H}$$

A
X
+
X
A
=
λ
H
X
H

and $$A X + X A = \lambda ({H} X + X {H})$$

A
X
+
X
A
=
λ
(
H
X
+
X
H
)

with A and H both symmetric and positive definite, and in their tensor counterparts. We collect several structural properties, some of which are known, together with some new spectral results. We also analyze in detail the case where the second problem stems from the discretization of linear elliptic partial differential equations by finite differences. In particular, we derive spectral properties that can be used in the numerical solution of the resulting algebraic linear system.
Risks of suboptimal and excessive thyroid hormone replacement across ages
Authors: Feldt-Rasmussen U. , Effraimidis G. , Bliddal S. , Klose M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Hypothyroidism is prevalent at all ages and represents a non-communicable disease with preventable consequences.

Method
Narrative review.

Review
In children and adolescents, the most devastating consequences of undertreatment with levothyroxine (LT4) are poor growth and development. Delayed treatment in congenital hypothyroidism can lead to permanent brain damage. In young to middle-aged adults, symptoms are often overlooked, and treatment delayed by many years. The resulting consequences are also at this age group compromised brain and physical function but less severe and partly reversible with treatment. The under-treated condition often results in a higher risk of, e.g., increased cardiovascular disease burden, obesity, hypertension, poor physical capacity, and poor quality of life. Excessive replacement is at all adult age groups associated with increased risk of cardiac death, osteoporosis, loss of muscle function, psychological instability and poor quality of life. In young fertile women, the consequences of undertreatment with LT4 are subnormal fertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, compromised fetal growth, and neurocognitive development. On the other hand, excessive LT4 treatment has been related to gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and preterm birth. In the elderly, care must be given to avoid confusing a slightly high age-related serum TSH with requirement for LT4 treatment in a truly hypothyroid patient. Excessive LT4 treatment in patients of high age is associated with an increased mortality.

Conclusion
Suboptimal and excessive LT4 replacement of the preventable non-communicable disease hypothyroidism requires more focus from the healthcare system and from the global political systems to prevent the personally devastating and socioeconomically challenging consequences.
Hydrodynamic coefficients of mussel dropper lines derived from large-scale experiments and structural dynamics
Authors: Landmann Jannis , Flack Christian , Kowalsky Ursula , Wüchner Roland , Hildebrandt Arndt , Goseberg Nils 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe expansion of marine aquaculture production is driven by a high market demand for marine proteins and a stagnation of wild catch of fish. Bivalve farming, i.e., the cultivation of oysters, mussels and scallops, is an important part of the ongoing market dynamics and production expansion. As marine spatial planning is considering various use purposes, available space for near-shore aquaculture is already becoming scarce; this has fueled research and development initiatives to enable production installations further offshore. The highly energetic conditions at more exposed offshore marine sites lead to increased loads on aquaculture systems and their components and it is still not sufficiently understood how the load transfer from oceanic environmental conditions onto shellfish-encrusted surfaces attached to elastic ropes may be appropriately quantified. This study data gathered large-scale data sets in a wave tank facility, which are used to validate a novel, numerical model, building on the dynamics of rope structures which allows for the determination of the hydrodynamic loads transferred to the dropper lines. The forces and hydrodynamic parameters are measured and numerically analyzed. Based on the results, drag and inertia coefficients are determined. A drag coefficient of $$C_\textrm{D} = 1.1$$

C
D

=
1.1

and an inertia coefficient of $$C_\textrm{M} = 1.7$$

C
M

=
1.7

are recommended to model shellfish-encrusted dropper lines exposed to oscillatory flows with KC $$=$$
=
40–90. The numerical model for the determination of wave-induced forces on mussel dropper lines is developed and validated using the experimental data. It employs a modified Morison equation, which takes into account the displacement of the mussel dropper line. The influence of varying aquaculture-related parameters is discussed by applying the numerical model. Based on the gathered insights, recommendations can be given from an engineering point of view concerning the optimal placement of mussel aquaculture within the water column.
Linking Individuals to Areas: Protecting Confidentiality While Preserving Research Utility
Authors: Norman Paul , Colbert Jessie , Exeter Daniel J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractModern computational capabilities have brought about concerns about risks associated with the level of information disclosed in public datasets. A tension exists between making data available that protects the confidentiality of individuals while containing sufficiently detailed geographic information to underpin the utility of research. Our aim is to inform data collectors and suppliers about geographic choices for confidentiality protection and to balance this with reassurance to the research community that data will still be fit-for-purpose. We test this using simple logistic regression models, by investigating the interplay between two geographical entities (points for the observations and polygons for area attributes) at a variety of scales, using a synthetic population of 22,000 people. In an England and Wales setting, we do this for individuals located by postcodes and by postal sector and postal district centroids and link these to a variety of census geographies. We also ‘jitter’ postcode coordinates to test the effect of moving people away from their original location. We find a smoothing of relationships up the geographical hierarchy. However, if postal sector centroids are used to locate individuals, linkages to Lower/Medium Super Output Area scales and subsequent results are very similar to the more detailed unit postcodes. Postcode locations jittered by 500–750 m in any direction are likely to allow the same conclusions to be drawn as for the original locations. Within these geographic scenarios, there is likely to be a sufficient level of confidentiality protection while statistical relationships are very similar to those obtained using the most detailed geographic locators.
On Finetuning Large Language Models
Authors: Wang Yu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA recent paper by Häffner et al. (2023, Political Analysis 31, 481–499) introduces an interpretable deep learning approach for domain-specific dictionary creation, where it is claimed that the dictionary-based approach outperforms finetuned language models in predictive accuracy while retaining interpretability. We show that the dictionary-based approach’s reported superiority over large language models, BERT specifically, is due to the fact that most of the parameters in the language models are excluded from finetuning. In this letter, we first discuss the architecture of BERT models, then explain the limitations of finetuning only the top classification layer, and lastly we report results where finetuned language models outperform the newly proposed dictionary-based approach by 27% in terms of
$R^2$
and 46% in terms of mean squared error once we allow these parameters to learn during finetuning. Researchers interested in large language models, text classification, and text regression should find our results useful. Our code and data are publicly available.
Early introduction of ultra-processed foods is associated with overweight and anaemia in socially vulnerable Brazilian children
Authors: Gomes Janayna Melo Ribeiro , Silva-Neto Luiz Gonzaga Ribeiro , dos Santos Thays Lane Ferreira , Bueno Nassib Bezerra , Florêncio Telma Maria de Menezes Toledo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the early introduction of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and identify its association with overweight and anaemia in Brazilian children living in a situation of social vulnerability. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a Brazilian capital. Children aged 12-59 months were included. The presence of overweight and anaemia was evaluated, as well as the introduction of twelve different UPF in children’s first year of life. Association analysis was performed using Poisson regression, with robust estimates of variances. A total of 561 children were studied; 85·5 % had consumed at least one UPF evaluated in the first year of life; 19·1 % were overweight and 52·0 % were anaemic. Adjusted multivariate analyses identified that the early introduction of soft drinks (Prevalence Ratio (PR) = 1·18, 95 % CI (1·02, 1·38)), packaged snacks (PR = 1·17, 95 % CI (1·05, 1·30)) and powdered soft drinks (PR = 1·36, 95 % CI (1·16, 1·60)) increased the likelihood of children being overweight, and the early introduction of chocolate drink (PR = 1·25, 95 % CI (1·02, 1·53)) increased the likelihood of them being anaemic, when comparing children who consumed these UPF before reaching 1 year of age with those who consumed these foods at 12 months of age or older. From the results found, one can see the existing relationship between the early introduction of UPF with overweight and anaemia, being necessary to intensify public health policies to combat malnutrition, focusing on the promotion of proper and healthy eating, especially during the phase of food introduction, focusing on the population living in socially vulnerable situations.
Effectiveness of locally produced ready-to-use supplementary foods on the prevention of stunting in children aged 6–23 months: a community-based trial from Pakistan
Authors: Fazid Sheraz , Haq Zia Ul , Gillani Basharat Hussain , Khan Abdul Jalil , Khan Muhammad Naseem , Khan Aslam , Garzon Cecilia , Habib Ijaz , Tanimoune Mahamadou , Ihtesham Yasir , Heald Adrian H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUndernutrition is a major public health problem in developing countries. Around 40·2 % of children are stunted in Pakistan. This longitudinal study aimed to assess the effectiveness of locally produced ready-to-use supplementary foods in the prevention of stunting by detecting change in of children in intervention v. control arm against the 2006 WHO growth reference. A community-based non-randomised cluster-controlled trial was conducted from January 2018 to December 2020 in the district of Kurram, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 80 clusters (each cluster comprising ≈ 250–300 households) were defined in the catchment population of twelve health facilities. Children aged 6–18 months were recruited n 1680. The intervention included a daily ration of 50 g – locally produced ready-to-use-supplementary food (Wawa-Mum). The main outcome of this study was a change in length for age z-score (LAZ) v. WHO growth standards. Comparison between the interventions was by t test and ANOVA. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between stunting occurrence and the utilisation of locally produced supplement. Out of the total 1680, fifty-one out of the total 1680, 51·1 out of the total 1680 and 51·1 % (n 859) were male. Mean age 13·9 months (sd + 859) were male. Mean age 13·9 months (sd + –4·4). At baseline, 36·9 % (n 618) were stunted. In the intervention group, mean LAZ score significantly increased from −1·13(2·2 sd) at baseline to −0·93(1·8 sd) at 6-month follow-up (P value 0·01) compared with the control group. The incidence rate of stunting in the intervention arm was 1·3 v. 3·4 per person year in the control arm. The control group had a significantly increased likelihood of stunting (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1·7, 95 % CI 1·46, 2·05, P value < 0·001) v. the intervention group. Locally produced ready-to-use supplementary food is an effective intervention for reducing stunting in children below 2 years of age. This can be provided as part of a malnutrition prevention package to overcome the alarming rates of stunting in Pakistan.
Eating time variation from weekdays to weekends and its association with dietary intake and BMI in different chronotypes: findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2018
Authors: Teixeira Gabriela Pereira , da Cunha Nayara Bernardes , Azeredo Catarina Machado , Rinaldi Ana Elisa Madalena , Crispim Cibele Aparecida 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEvidence suggests that differences in meal timing between weekends and weekdays can disrupt the body’s circadian rhythm, leading to a higher BMI. We aimed to investigate the associations between mealtime variation from weekdays to weekends (eating midpoint jetlag), dietary intake and anthropometric parameters, based on individuals’ chronotype. The study utilised data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2018. Food consumption was estimated by weighted average of participants’ food intake on weekdays and weekends. Eating midpoint jetlag, defined as the difference between the midpoint of the first and last mealtimes on weekends and weekdays, was calculated. Chronotype was assessed by participants’ mid-sleep time on weekends, adjusted for sleep debt. Linear regression analysis was conducted to investigate the associations between variables. The sample was categorised into chronotype tertiles. Among individuals in the third chronotype tertile, there was a positive association between eating midpoint jetlag and BMI (β = 1·2; 95 % CI (1·13, 1·27)). Individuals in the first tertile showed a positive association between eating midpoint jetlag and energy (β = 96·9; 95 % CI (92·9, 101·7)), carbohydrate (β = 11·96; 95 % CI (11·2, 12·6)), fat (β = 3·69; 95 % CI (3·4, 3·8)), cholesterol (β = 32·75; 95 % CI (30·9, 34·6)) and sugar (β = 8·84; 95 % CI (8·3, 9·3)) intake on weekends. Among individuals with an evening tendency, delaying meals on weekends appears to be linked to a higher BMI. Conversely, among individuals with a morning tendency, eating meals later on weekends is associated with higher energetic intake on weekends.