bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assay validation of saliva glucocorticoids in Columbia spotted frogs and effects of handling and marking
Authors: Tornabene Brian J , Hossack Blake R , Breuner Creagh W 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Non-invasive methods are important to the field of conservation physiology to reduce negative effects on organisms being studied. Glucocorticoid (GC) hormones are often used to assess health of individuals, but collection methods can be invasive. Many amphibians are imperiled worldwide, and saliva is a non- or semi-invasive matrix to measure GCs that has been partially validated for only four amphibian species. Validation ensures that assays are reliable and can detect changes in saliva corticosterone (sCORT) after exposure to stressors, but it is also necessary to ensure sCORT concentrations are correlated with plasma concentrations. To help validate the use of saliva in assessing CORT responses in amphibians, we captured uniquely marked Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) on sequential days and collected baseline and stress-induced (after handling) samples. For a subset of individuals, we collected and quantified CORT in both saliva and blood samples, which have not been compared for amphibians. We tested several aspects of CORT responses and, by collecting across separate days, measured repeatability of CORT responses across days. We also evaluated whether methods common to amphibian conservation, such as handling alone or handling, clipping a toe and tagging elevated sCORT. Similar to previous studies, we show that sCORT is reliable concerning parallelism, recovery, precision and sensitivity. sCORT was weakly correlated with plasma CORT (R2 = 0.21), and we detected elevations in sCORT after handling, demonstrating biological validation. Toe clipping and tagging did not increase sCORT over handling alone, but repeated handling elevated sCORT for ~72 hours. However, sCORT responses were highly variable and repeatability was low within individuals and among capture sessions, contrary to previous studies with urinary and waterborne CORT. sCORT is a semi-invasive and rapid technique that could be useful to assess effects of anthropogenic change and conservation efforts, but will require careful study design and future validation.
Duplications of Human Longevity-Associated Genes Across Placental Mammals
Authors: Huang Zixia , Jiang Chongyi , Gu Jiayun , Uvizl Marek , Power Sarahjane , Douglas Declan , Kacprzyk Joanna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Natural selection has shaped a wide range of lifespans across mammals, with a few long-lived species showing negligible signs of ageing. Approaches used to elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying mammalian longevity usually involve phylogenetic selection tests on candidate genes, detections of convergent amino acid changes in long-lived lineages, analyses of differential gene expression between age cohorts or species, and measurements of age-related epigenetic changes. However, the link between gene duplication and evolution of mammalian longevity has not been widely investigated. Here, we explored the association between gene duplication and mammalian lifespan by analyzing 287 human longevity-associated genes across 37 placental mammals. We estimated that the expansion rate of these genes is eight times higher than their contraction rate across these 37 species. Using phylogenetic approaches, we identified 43 genes whose duplication levels are significantly correlated with longevity quotients (False Discovery Rate (FDR) &lt; 0.05). In particular, the strong correlation observed for four genes (CREBBP, PIK3R1, HELLS, FOXM1) appears to be driven mainly by their high duplication levels in two ageing extremists, the naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber) and the greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis). Further sequence and expression analyses suggest that the gene PIK3R1 may have undergone a convergent duplication event, whereby the similar region of its coding sequence was independently duplicated multiple times in both of these long-lived species. Collectively, this study identified several candidate genes whose duplications may underlie the extreme longevity in mammals, and highlighted the potential role of gene duplication in the evolution of mammalian long lifespans.
Genomic Heterogeneity of Cryptosporidium parvum Isolates From Children in Bangladesh: Implications for Parasite Biology and Human Infection
Authors: Carey Maureen , Arju Tuhinur , Cotton James A , Alam Masud , Kabir Mamun , Faruque Abu S G , Haque Rashidul , Petri William A , Gilchrist Carol A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Cryptosporidium species are a major cause of diarrhea and associated with growth failure. There is currently only limited knowledge of the parasite's genomic variability. We report a genomic analysis of Cryptosporidium parvum isolated from Bangladeshi infants and reanalysis of sequences from the United Kingdom. Human isolates from both locations shared 154 variants not present in the cattle-derived reference genome, suggesting host-specific adaptation of the parasite. Remarkably 34.6% of single-nucleotide polymorphisms unique to human isolates were nonsynonymous and 8.2% of these were in secreted proteins. Linkage disequilibrium decay indicated frequent recombination. The genetic diversity of C. parvum has potential implications for vaccine and therapeutic design.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT02764918.
Perfusion Analysis Using High-Definition Indocyanine Green Angiography in Burn Comb Model
Authors: Jiang Zhaolong , Wu Junqiang , Qiu Yunjie , Shen Guoliang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) has been widely employed for quantitative evaluation of the rat comb burn model, but the imaging equipment, imaging protocol, and fluorescence data interpretation of ICGA remain unsatisfactory. This study aims to provide better solutions for the application of ICGA in perfusion analysis. The rat comb burn model was established under a series of different comb contact durations, including 10, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 s. Indocyanine green angiography was used to analyze wound perfusion. In total, 16 rats were divided into ibuprofen and control groups for the burn model, and their perfusion was compared. A total of 16 identical models were divided into standard- and high-dose indocyanine green (ICG) groups, and ICGA was conducted to investigate the dynamic change in wound fluorescence. Escharectomy was performed under real-time fluorescence mapping and navigation. The results showed that a comb contact duration of 30 s was optimum for the burn model. Indocyanine green angiography could accurately evaluate the histologically determined depth of thermal injury and wound perfusion in the rat comb model. Digital subtraction of residual fluorescence was necessary for multiple comparisons of perfusion. Dynamic changes in fluorescence and necrotic tissues were observed more clearly by high-dose (0.5 mg/kg) ICG in angiography. In conclusion, perfusion analysis by ICGA can be used to assess the histologically determined depth of thermal injury and the impact of a specific treatment on wound perfusion. Indocyanine green angiography can help to identify necrotic tissue. The above findings and related imaging protocols lay the foundation for future research.
Old Rules to Fix New Problems: Counterterrorism, Refugees and Withdrawal of Nationality
Authors: McKeever David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The international legal regimes for refugees and for statelessness have much in common. Both aim at mitigating an absence of State protection of individual rights, while the treaties central to each are related in substance, structure and seek to balance similar concerns. Another similarity is more recent: both face challenges amidst new concerns and new law in the area of counterterrorism. The last two decades have seen a sharp increase in international rules on counterterrorism, the impact of which can also be seen in immigration law and administrative powers. That impact is conditioned by how ‘terrorism’ itself is defined, and Section 2 of this article will highlight some consequences of domestic approaches and why the capacity of international law to impose limits on domestic definitions is often overstated. Section 3 will consider the interaction between counterterrorism law and refugee law, arguing that current difficulties arise not from the substance of the rules but from practical, resource-based challenges. Section 4 will consider legal and practical questions raised by recent practice in withdrawing nationality due to suspected involvement in terrorism, a measure applied to both dual nationals and to those at risk of statelessness. This article will argue that the new threats and responses thereto do pose important practical challenges requiring further attention and resources. But that does not mean that new substantive law is required: the ‘old rules’ adequately balance security concerns with the protection of individual rights, and are more than adequate to meet contemporary challenges.
3D simulations of magnetoconvection in a rapidly rotating supernova progenitor
Authors: Varma Vishnu , Müller Bernhard 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a first 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of oxygen, neon, and carbon shell burning in a rapidly rotating $16\hbox{-}\mathrm{M}_\odot$ core-collapse supernova progenitor. We also run a purely hydrodynamic simulation for comparison. After $\mathord \approx 180\mathrm{s}$ ($\mathord \approx$ 15 and 7 convective turnovers, respectively), the magnetic fields in the oxygen and neon shells achieve saturation at 1011 and 5 × 1010 G. The strong Maxwell stresses become comparable to the radial Reynolds stresses and eventually suppress convection. The suppression of mixing by convection and shear instabilities results in the depletion of fuel at the base of the burning regions, so that the burning shell eventually move outward to cooler regions, thus reducing the energy generation rate. The strong magnetic fields efficiently transport angular momentum outwards, quickly spinning down the rapidly rotating convective oxygen and neon shells and forcing them into rigid rotation. The hydrodynamic model shows complicated redistribution of angular momentum and develops regions of retrograde rotation at the base of the convective shells. We discuss implications of our results for stellar evolution and for the subsequent core-collapse supernova. The rapid redistribution of angular momentum in the MHD model casts some doubt on the possibility of retaining significant core angular momentum for explosions driven by millisecond magnetars. However, findings from multidimensional models remain tentative until stellar evolution calculations can provide more consistent rotation profiles and estimates of magnetic field strengths to initialize multidimensional simulations without substantial numerical transients. We also stress the need for longer simulations, resolution studies, and an investigation of non-ideal effects.
An Evaluation of the Contextual Factors Associated With the Use of Either Tobacco or Electronic Cigarettes in Individuals Who Dual Use
Authors: Betts Jennifer M , Dowd Ashley N , Motschman Courtney A , Tiffany Stephen T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Little is known about patterns of dual use of tobacco and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), especially regarding the factors that lead people to choose either product in particular situations. Identifying contextual factors that are associated with product use would enhance understanding of the maintenance of dual product use.

Methods
Individuals who dual use (N = 102) completed ecological momentary assessment surveys via text message regarding the recent use of tobacco and e-cigarettes for 2 weeks. Product legality, availability, craving, the presence of other people who smoke/vape, and social disapproval were assessed. Data were analyzed using hierarchical logistic regression to identify factors associated with the likelihood of tobacco versus e-cigarette use.

Results
Contexts associated with increased likelihood of using tobacco rather than e-cigarettes included being in the presence of other people who smoke (odds ratio [OR] = 3.50, p &lt; .0001) and experiencing elevated tobacco cigarette craving (OR = 3.51, p &lt; .0001). Decreased likelihood of tobacco over e-cigarette use was associated with smoking restrictions (OR = 0.26, p = .003), the presence of other people who vape (OR = 0.38, p &lt; .001), and experiencing elevated e-cigarette craving (OR = 0.23, p &lt; .0001). The legality of e-cigarettes, social disapproval, and the availability of the alternative product were not significantly associated with the use of one product over the other. An individual difference score of relative tobacco (vs. e-cigarette) use pattern did not significantly moderate these effects.

Conclusions
This study provided essential information regarding behavioral patterns of dual use, which informs our understanding of people who dual use. Contexts such as smoking restrictions, craving, and social context significantly differentiated between the use of tobacco and e-cigarettes. This suggests product-specific motivations for dual use of tobacco and e-cigarettes in people who use both.

Implications
This study assessed the relationship between momentary contextual factors and dual use in a nationally recruited sample of people who dual use. Assessments of dual use in daily life provided novel information regarding patterns of dual use as well as differential use-motivations for each product. This information will be essential to build a theoretical framework of dual use of tobacco and e-cigarettes.
Why Family Law Treats Female Genital Mutilation and Circumcision Differently: An Explanation
Authors: Brown Nick 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Family law in England and Wales draws a fundamental and categoric distinction between female genital mutilation (FGM) and male circumcision (circumcision). The former is a criminal abuse of human rights which, for the purposes of section 31 of the Children Act 1989, can never fall within the ambit of reasonable parenting. The latter is, in principle, reasonable and is therefore not in itself a basis upon which the state can seek to intervene in family life.1 It will be argued that the reasons given for this distinction in the authorities to date (reasons based on precedent, culture/religion and health/medical issues) are problematic and are not ultimately capable of explaining the distinction satisfactorily. Nevertheless, it will be further argued that a distinction can be properly justified but only when we consider some core underlying features of family law in our contemporary democratic society and that it is only with those features in mind that the different treatment can be explained and viewed as acceptable.
Age-dependent analysis dissects the stepwise control of auxin-mediated lateral root development in rice
Authors: Yamauchi Takaki , Tanaka Akihiro , Nakazono Mikio , Inukai Yoshiaki 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As root elongation rates are different among each individual root, the distance from the root apices does not always reflect the age of root cells. Thus, methods for correcting variations in elongation rates are needed to accurately evaluate the root developmental process. Here, we show that modeling-based age-dependent analysis is effective for dissecting stepwise lateral root (LR) development in rice (Oryza sativa). First, we measured the increases in LR and LR primordium (LRP) numbers, diameters, and lengths in wild type and an auxin-signaling-defective mutant, which has a faster main (crown) root elongation rate caused by the mutation in the gene encoding AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID protein 13 (IAA13). The longitudinal patterns of these parameters were fitted by the appropriate models and the age-dependent patterns were identified using the root elongation rates. As a result, we found that LR and LRP numbers and lengths were reduced in iaa13. We also found that the duration of the increases in LR and LRP diameters were prolonged in iaa13. Subsequent age-dependent comparisons with gene expression patterns suggest that AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR11 (ARF11), the homolog of MONOPTEROS (MP)/ARF5 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), is involved in the initiation and growth of LR(P). Indeed, the arf11 mutant showed a reduction of LR and LRP numbers and lengths. Our results also suggest that PINOID-dependent rootward-to-shootward shift of auxin flux contributes to the increase in LR and LRP diameters. Together, we propose that modeling-based age-dependent analysis is useful for root developmental studies by enabling accurate evaluation of root traits' expression.
Volunteering in the Creation of Entrepreneurship
Authors: Ma Dali , Wang Cheng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We propose that volunteering increases the likelihood of self-employment among young adults because volunteering improves self-esteem, which helps prospective entrepreneurs cope with the challenges associated with self-employment. We further predict that young adults who participate in diverse voluntary organizations are particularly likely to undertake self-employment because affiliations with diverse organizations not only enhance the social-psychological benefits of self-employment but also buffer the potential loss of a source of self-esteem caused by the discontinuation of a voluntary organization. Analysis of the data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (N = 35,228) supports our hypotheses. Our study highlights that a better-developed self through volunteering benefits the agentic action of entrepreneurship.
International Association for the Study of Pain publications over the 50-year span
Authors: Davis Karen D. , Basbaum Allan I. , Bushnell M. Catherine , Yarnitsky David , Fields Howard L. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) has a 50-year history of publishing educational and research materials, ranging from traditional print format books, journals, and other informational formats to online and electronic formats. Here we provide a historical overview of IASP publications and reflections from the perspective of 5 former or current Editors-in-Chief.
Beyond the study of pain: the evolving role of the International Association for the Study of Pain in global advocacy
Authors: Arendt Nielsen Lars , Belton Joletta , Cardosa Mary 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Although founded on the basis of the study of pain, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) has actively advocated for improving pain relief and access to pain management in a variety of ways. The Global Year was launched in 2004 and has continued with a different theme each year, and “Pain Awareness Month” is held every September. The Declaration of Montreal (2010) emphasized that access to pain management is a fundamental human right as a result from the IASP-hosted International Pain Summit. The IASP has continued to publish timely statements related to pain and pain management. The work of IASP on the 11th version of the International Classification of Disease has ensured that chronic pain is recognized as a disease in its own right, and the establishment of the Global Alliance of Partners for Pain Advocacy Task Force recognizes the importance of engaging people with lived experience of pain in accomplishing IASP's mission. The Working Group on Global Advocacy now spearheads IASP's global efforts in capacity building to ensure that pain advocacy activities will continue to grow.
Multi-factor artificial intelligence model assists axillary lymph node surgery in breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhu Teng , Huang Yu-Hong , Li Wei , Zhang Yi-Min , Lin Ying-Yi , Cheng Min-Yi , Wu Zhi-Yong , Ye Guo-Lin , Lin Ying , Wang Kun 
Published: October 2023

Background:
The high false negative rate associated with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) often leads to unnecessary axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer. We aimed to develop a multi-factor artificial intelligence (AI) model to aid in axillary lymph node surgery.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 1038 patients were enrolled, comprising 234 patients in the primary cohort, 723 patients in three external validation cohorts, and 81 patients in the prospective cohort. For predicting axillary lymph node response to NAC, robust longitudinal radiomics features were extracted from pre-NAC and post-NAC magnetic resonance images. The U test, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and the spearman analysis were used to select the most significant features. A machine learning stacking model was constructed to detect ALN metastasis after NAC. By integrating the significant predictors, we developed a multi-factor AI-assisted surgery pipeline and compared its performance and false negative rate (FNR) with that of SLNB alone.

Results:
The machine learning stacking model achieved excellent performance in detecting ALN metastasis, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.958 in the primary cohort, 0.881 in the external validation cohorts, and 0.882 in the prospective cohort. Furthermore, the introduction of AI-assisted surgery reduced the FNRs from 14.88% (18/121) to 4.13% (5/121) in the primary cohort, from 16.55% (49/296) to 4.05% (12/296) in the external validation cohorts, and from 13.64% (3/22) to 4.55% (1/22) in the prospective cohort. Notably, when more than two SLNs were removed, the FNRs further decreased to 2.78% (2/72) in the primary cohort, 2.38% (4/168) in the external validation cohorts, and 0% (0/15) in the prospective cohort.

Conclusion:
Our study highlights the potential of AI-assisted surgery as a valuable tool for evaluating ALN response to NAC, leading to a reduction in unnecessary ALND procedures.
Right femoral vein and right dorsal artery thrombosis in childhood acute myeloid leukemia: A case report
Authors: Ni Jiaqi , Chen Min , Su Yali , Gao Qianqian , Liu Lingjun , Lu Xiaoxi 
Published: October 2023

Background:
It is rare for newly diagnosed (de novo) or newly treated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) complicated with thrombotic complications, especially combined arterial and venous thrombosis.

Methods:
We reported a 13-year-old boy diagnosed with AML and leukocytosis, who developed right femoral vein and right dorsal artery thrombosis during chemotherapy. After treatment with low molecular weight heparin, diosmin, and alprostadil, symptoms were relieved. Unfortunately, the child suffered from coagulopathy afterward, which was unexpectedly caused by vitamin K deficiency.

Results:
After supplementation with vitamin K and prothrombin complex concentrate, coagulation function recovered.

Conclusion:
For childhood AML patients with high thrombotic risks, close monitoring during anticoagulant treatment was necessary. Concomitantly, we should be alert to past medication history and combined medication use, especially those that may lead to vitamin K deficiency, secondary bleeding, and coagulation disorders. Rational use of antibiotics, anticoagulants, and antitumor drugs must be guaranteed.