bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animal models of hemorrhage, parameters, and development of hemostatic methods
Authors: Darya Gholamhossien , Mohammadi Hamid , Dehghan Zeinab , Nakhaei Alireza , Derakhshanfar Amin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Hemorrhage is a prevalent side effect of various injuries and can be life-threatening in certain instances. It is categorized into compressible and non-compressible types, each necessitating distinct modeling, laboratory assessments, and hemostatic approaches. This study utilized the keywords Hemorrhage, Bleeding, Animal Modeling, and Hemostat in reputable databases. The findings indicate that femoral artery hemorrhage and hepatic parenchymal hemorrhage are the predominant modeling techniques for compressible and non-compressible bleeding, respectively. Furthermore, it is noted that animal models of compressible hemorrhages are primarily situated in superficial body areas to investigate dressing or additive hemostats, while non-compressible hemorrhage models, typically located in visceral organs, are employed to examine adhesive or surgical instrument-based hemostats.
Profile of Egyptian pediatrics with COVID-19: insights from healthcare providers in Egypt
Authors: Houchi Salma ZEl , Rady Hanaa I. , Iskander Iman , Hamid Tamer Abdel , Seddik Salma Abdelrehim , Hegazy Amira Aly , Aboushady Ahmed Taha , Eissa Mohamed , Hussein Sherine Khamis , Hanoura Dina , Aziz Miriam Magdy , Magdy Remon , ElAwady Heba Ahmed , Elmazzahy Esraa A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 global pandemic significantly impacted populations of all ages. While initially thought to affect adults predominantly, it became clear that children and adolescents were also susceptible to the virus's effects. This study aims to explore the epidemiological patterns, clinical features, laboratory and radiological characteristics, and outcomes of COVID-19 infection in a group of Egyptian children (≤ 18 years).

Methods
This observational, cross-sectional study is based on a multicenter questionnaire sent to pediatricians managing COVID-19-infected children, through a convenient sampling approach. The clinical picture and investigations of 253 pediatric cases were included.

Results
Most cases (42%) occurred in children aged 3–10 years, and a slightly higher incidence in males. Eighty-two percent of the cases presented with fever; most patients had lymphopenia and elevated CRP, 59% and 74%, respectively. The most common CT chest finding (done for 85 patients) was a bilateral ground glass appearance, which appeared in almost 45% of the patients. The disease severity was higher in infants < 1 year. Severe and critical forms of the disease were significantly associated with high ferritin and d-dimer. The severity of the disease varied, with infants under one year of age having the highest percentage of severe and critical cases, with a 15% the mortality rate, when compared to other age groups.

Conclusion
COVID-19 has a wide clinical spectrum of diseases ranging from asymptomatic to severe and critical. In severe and critical cases, death was more common among those with elevated ferritin and d-dimer levels. Infants are more vulnerable to severe forms of the disease.
Effect of platelet-rich fibrin on wound healing, adhesions, and hemostasis after inferior turbinoplasty surgery
Authors: Ghallab Abdelhakim Fouad , Shendy Mohamed Fahmy , Kamel Samer Badie , Adam Mohamed Ali , Elnems Mohamed Goda 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Inferior turbinate enlargement is a prevalent cause of chronic nasal obstruction, often requiring surgical intervention when medical treatment fails. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been reported to mitigate post-operative complications following nasal surgeries. This work aims to evaluate the efficacy of PRF on hemostasis, adhesions, crust formation, and mucosal healing post-turbinoplasty.

Results
Demographic characters showed no statistical differences in age (p = 0.62) or gender (p = 0.342), but the mean operative time was significantly shorter in the non-PRF group (22.80 ± 2.02) compared to the PRF group (p > 0.001). Early hemostasis and prevention of crustation were significantly better in the PRF group (p = 0.03 and p = 0.024, respectively). No significant difference was observed regarding adhesions between the groups (p = 1).

Conclusion
The PRF membrane is an affordable and easy method that acts as a protective layer, reducing crusting, ensuring hemostasis, promoting healing by shortening the period of recovery post inferior turbinoplasty and so improving the quality of life of the patients.
Effect of nano- and micro-polystyrene particles on small intestinal epithelial functions and enteric neuronal activity in vitro
Authors: Elfers Kristin , Benz Pascal , Burmester Marion , Hein Silja , Hansen Kathrin , Sieg Holger , Böhmert Linda , Paul Maxi B. , Mazzuoli-Weber Gemma 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Based on their ubiquitous distribution in various ecosystems, plastic particles of different origin and sizes enter the (human) food chain, are ingested and reach the gastrointestinal tract, where they interact with the intestinal (epithelial) tissue. To a certain extent, they may enter or cross the intestinal epithelium, getting into contact with enteric neurons. Therefore, a potential risk for gastrointestinal health has been suggested. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of polystyrene particles of nano- (100 nm) and micro-size (1.0 μm), firstly, on intestinal epithelial electrophysiological processes using the Ussing chamber technique and, secondly, on enteric neuronal properties using neuroimaging on primary cultured enteric neurons. The results indicate a size-dependent impairment of epithelial integrity and electrogenic glucose transport upon particle application. Additionally, both sizes of particles induced a change in neuronal response parameters to nicotinergic stimulation after a 24 h incubation. Taken together, these results emphasise the potential of nano- and micro polystyrene particles to interact and affect intestinal epithelial as well as enteric neuronal functionality and stress the need for more detailed investigations of the effect of plastic particles present in the (human) diet on intestinal physiology and involvement of the enteric nervous system.
Militias and Armed Conflicts in West Africa
Authors: Cann Alex 
Published: February 2025

Militias have been a significant feature of many armed conflicts in Africa. Their roles have influenced the outcome of these conflicts in both time and space. While many are deliberately recruited for purposeful tasks and missions, others emerge and mobilize to protect themselves and their communities against the inhumane treatment meted out to them by other armed groups. Militias are recruited, trained, and employed by both state and non-state actors to prosecute armed conflicts. While some have contributed significantly to the victory of their allies many have been defeated. In both cases there have been huge loss of lives and properties and in many cases injuries to innocent civilians. Unlike the military which is professionally recruited, trained, armed, administered, and guided by doctrines, many militias are not. Therefore, they employ crude recruitment, operational, administrative, and logistics methods to prosecute the armed conflict. These methods have evolved and therefore have influenced their operational capabilities and outcomes. This article examines the role of militias in West African conflicts, exploring their origins, motivations, and impacts on both local populations and broader geopolitical stability.
Talla baja asociado a errores de refracción en escolares de Muquiyauyo, Perú.
Authors: Huaman Guadalupe Edith Rosana , CRISTÓBAL TERREROS Gustavo , Marmolejo Gutarra Doris , PAITAN ANTICONA Elizabeth , CRISTOBAL TERREROS Gustavo , Yallico Consuelo 
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Determinar la asociacion entre talla baja y errores de refraccion en niños de 6 a 11 años de edad de la Institución Educativa Román Amanso Montero del distrito de Muquiyauyo. Metodologia: Se trabajó con la población constituís por 250 niños y la muestra conformada por 215 estudiantes de escolares, siendo un estudio, analítico observacional transversal, donde el método utilizado para la recolección de datos fue la observación especializada mediante una ficha de recolección de datos de medición antropométrica y refracción (medida de la vista con autokerato-refractometro). Resultado: De los 215 niños evaluados 158 niños presentan errores de refracción en niños de 6 a 11 años; de los 158 niños con errores de refracción significativo ameritó corrección óptica, 17 tuvieron miopía, hipermetropía 9, astigmatismo 21, miopía y astigmatismo32, hipermetropía y astigmatismo 79.Los resultados más resaltantes al respecto al análisis bivariado de talla baja y miopía, astigmatismo, hipermetropía se encontraron que los niños, niñas que tienen talla baja se asociaron significativamente con el astigmatismo RP =2.33 IC (1.44,3.78); es decir, que los que presentan talla baja tienen dos veces más el riesgo de presentar astigmatismo. Los niños que presentan talla baja se asocian significativamente con errores de refracción RP 6.81 (2.57,18.1) P=<0.01. Conclusión: Se encontró que los niños escolares con talla baja tienen 6 veces más el riesgo de presentar errores de refracción.
Class Weighting Approach For Handling Imbalanced Data On Forest Fire Classification Using EfficientNet-B1
Authors: Arvinanto Bahtiar  , Hutomo Muhammad Ihsan Prawira , Agung Widiyanto  , Siti Khomsah  
Published: February 2025

Wildfires pose significant threats to ecosystems and human safety, necessitating effective monitoring techniques. Detecting forest fires based on images of forest conditions could be a breakthrough. But, the model built from imbalanced data leads to low accuracy. This research addresses the challenge of class imbalance in multi-class classification for forest fire detection using the EfficientNet-B1 model. This research explores the implementation of class weighting to enhance model performance, particularly focusing on minority classes namely: Fire, Smoke. A dataset of 7,331 training images, categorized into four classes. The results showed that employing the class weighting method achieved an accuracy of 90%. While training duration of 14 minutes and 45 seconds, outperforming the data augmentation method in terms of time efficiency. This study contributes to the development of more effective methods for forest fire monitoring and provides insights for future research in machine learning applications in environmental contexts.
Experimental investigation on quantifier scope in Chinese relative clauses
Authors: Fang Shaohua , Wu Hongchen , Zhao Yang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper presents empirical evidence on quantifier scope interpretation in doubly quantified Mandarin Chinese (Chinese) relative clauses, examined through a truth-value judgment task given to Chinese speakers. Our results demonstrate that Chinese speakers accept inverse scope interpretation in relative clauses, challenging scope rigidity claims for Chinese. This finding is supported by analyses conducted at both the group and individual levels. The observed variability in scope judgments suggests a two-grammar hypothesis: Chinese speakers’ preferences for interpreting scope may arise from insufficient and ambiguous evidence regarding specific quantifier scope interpretations in their linguistic input. Consequently, interpretations favored by one group may not be accessible to the other, leading to variability in scope judgment between Chinese speakers. Additionally, nonstructural factors such as the lexical properties of quantifier phrases have been found to modulate scope interpretations.
Exploring homotopy with hyperspherical tracking to find complex roots with application to electrical circuits
Authors: Sandoval-Hernandez Mario A. , Jimenez-Islas Hugo , Vazquez-Leal Hector , Quemada-Villagómez Miriam L. , Lopez-Gonzalez María de la Luz 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the field of applied sciences, systems are frequently modeled using mathematical frameworks that include systems of nonlinear algebraic equations. Identifying their roots, whether real or complex, is of critical importance. The widespread use of complex numbers in science and engineering highlights the importance of accurately determining the complex roots of equations. This article presents a study in which the complex roots of a system of equations are identified through an approach that utilizes homotopy continuation, with the curve being traced using a hyperspherical path tracking technique. Furthermore, this article details five case studies on electrical networks where this method is applied to solve systems of equations containing imaginary coefficients to find mesh currents. The path tracking shows the behavior of system equation in each case study. Finally, an analysis of the precision of the solutions obtained in these case studies is provided, demonstrating an accuracy of up to 15 SDs in a single iteration during the refinement stage.
25 años del Estatuto de Roma: desafíos paradigmáticos en su implementación
Authors: Ramos Borges Osnarci Rafael 
Published: February 2025

After more than two decades since the creation of the International Criminal Court, progress has been made in the field of International Criminal Justice, however, such institution is exposed to the paradox of what it is versus what is wanted from it. This article addresses as its central thesis the lack of uniformity of criteria in the adoption of measures that integrate International Criminal Law in the domestic legal systems of the States Parties that have a system of Continental Law to respond to these trials of public opinion in which it is regularly involved. It also examines how, in the absence of integration, the principles of complementarity and cooperation are undermined, making it impossible to improve the Court’s effectiveness. Finally, it addresses recommendations to reduce the impunity gap in the face of the new decade that lies ahead to maintain peace, security, and the well-being of humanity.
Predictors of Improvement in Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Catheter Ablation: Systematic Review
Authors: Ahluwalia Nikhil , Hussain Ahmed , Providencia Rui , Schilling Richard J 
Published: February 2025

Background: Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) can improve after catheter ablation (CA) in many patients with AF. However, prospective prediction of response can be challenging. The aim of this study was, therefore, to perform a systematic literature review of features associated with improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with AF and LVSD undergoing first CA. Method: Systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library databases up to 24 January 2024, for studies involving adult patients with LVSD receiving treatment for AF. The focus was on research articles and clinical trials reporting features associated with changes in LVEF following CA. The review followed PRISMA guidelines. Results: A total of 789 unique articles were reviewed and 20 were included in the systematic review. Sixty-nine per cent (range, 54–79%) of included patients met the criteria for responder status, which were based on LVEF improvement (usually an increase in LVEF >10% or to >50% at follow-up). Baseline surrogates of myocardial fibrosis on MRI (R2=−0.67), electroanatomical mapping (R2=−0.93) and biochemical surrogates have shown the strongest association with LVEF change. Left atrium and LV chamber size, diastolic dysfunction ECG-based parameters and a known heart failure aetiology have shown prognostic value independently and in combination. Discussion: Imaging, clinical and ECG-based surrogates of LV fibrosis may be pre-CA markers of LVEF improvement in patients with AF and LVSD. However, the confounding effect of procedural outcomes should be considered. A composite risk stratification tool would have clinical utility in risk stratification and patient selection; however, prospective studies are needed.
Non-destructive lab-scale monitoring of carbonation propagation in cementitious systems using the measurement of intrinsic electrical property
Authors: Babaahmadi Arezou , Tang Luping , Huang Liming , Iftikhar Sahar , Löfgren Ingemar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Monitoring carbonation in concrete is crucial for assessing the long-term durability of structures, particularly as sustainability efforts increasingly incorporate supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to reduce clinker content. While beneficial, SCMs alter the pore structure and pore solution chemistry, necessitating advanced methods to evaluate carbonation progression. Traditional techniques, such as splitting specimens and using pH indicators like phenolphthalein to detect changes in alkalinity, are destructive and primarily designed for ordinary Portland cement (OPC), limiting their effectiveness for SCM-incorporated systems. This paper presents the development of a novel lab-scale carbonation monitoring method based on conductivity measurements in the cementitious matrix. The proposed method examines how carbonation impacts the electrical conductivity of concrete, enabling in-situ monitoring of carbonation propagation in mortar specimens using mini-sensors embedded within the material. These mini-sensors consist of 10 sets of stainless steel 4-point Winner electrodes, spaced 2.54 mm apart, ensuring accurate conductivity measurements. By strategically placing these mini-sensors within the cementitious matrix, real-time measurements can be carried out, allowing for continuous monitoring of carbonation progression. The method provides new insights into how carbonation impacts the electrical properties of concrete, revealing dynamic changes such as a distinct peaking behavior in conductivity at the reactive carbonation front. This feature enables identification of partial carbonation front, which traditional colorimetric methods cannot detect. The results validate the method's effectiveness for OPC system and indicate its applicability when SCMs are incorporated.
Preoperative Onyx embolization of intracranial arteriovenous malformations: a single center early experience
Authors: Elsherbini M. M. , Nabeeh M. M. , Kassem M. A. , Ezz Eldin A. , Farouk M. 
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are considered one of the life-threatening pathologies which are challenging to manage. Endovascular embolization of intracranial AVMs is a line of management which developed over the past two decades to downgrade the lesion, a step is thought to make surgeries of more favorable outcome. Patients and methods. All patients who were diagnosed with brain AVM in Mansoura University Hospitals between January 2017 through December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical and radiological outcome were studied, as well as surgeons’ satisfaction and procedural difficulties. Results. Nine patients met the criteria for multimodal management, seven of them were female, mean age of the group 36 years. Patients’ mRS remained unchanged after embolization sessions, one patient had an added neurological deficit in the form of increased severity of motor deficit after surgery, which was reversible during follow up period, mean follow up period is 103 days. Conclusion. Pre-operative embolization is a safe tool to be added to the muti-modal treatment of high grades cerebral AVM’s with good outcome and feasible surgical technique.
Acquired Chiari malformation type I (pseudo-Chiari malformation) and intracranial hypotension: Clinical observation and literature review
Authors: Goven’ko F. S. , Martynov B. V. , Grishchenkov A. S. 
Published: February 2025

One of the complications of latent intracranial hypotension is a dystopia of the tonsils of the cerebellum, which can lead to an erroneous diagnosis of “Chiari malformation type 1”. The aim of the work is to pay attention to the symptoms, course and diagnosis of acquired (pseudomalformation) Chiari in intracranial hypotension syndrome. The work is based on clinical and neurological data and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spinal cord of a woman aged 28 years, obtained during dynamic observation over a number of years. At the acute onset of the disease with severe postural headache, minimal neurological symptoms, magnetic resonance imaging revealed a dynamic dystopia of the cerebellar tonsils from the plane of the large occipital foramen 15 mm below it and stable hydromyelia in the thoracic region, which inclined to the diagnosis of Chiari malformation type 1. However, flattening of the bridge, thickening of the dura mater, the tendency to rounding of the sagittal sinus, narrowing of subarachnoid spaces, basal cisterns, prolapse of the bottom of the 3rd ventricle into the prebridge cistern indicated the possibility of intracranial hypotension caused by latent liquorrhea, which was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging with intravenous administration of gadolinium containing contrast agent in the mode of a strongly weighted T2-three-dimensional image with inversion and weakening of fluid – revealed hidden liquorrhea at the cervical level. A diagnosis of Chiari pseudomalformation has been established, which excludes surgical intervention – decompression of the posterior cranial pit. When diagnosing Chiari malformation type 1 and detecting cerebellar tonsillar dystopia, it is always necessary to exclude Chiari pseudomalformation associated with other primary pathology, in particular, with latent cerebrospinal liquor, the consequence of which is intracranial hypotension, which has specific signs in magnetic resonance imaging, and requires a different therapeutic tactic.