bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topic Identification in Voice Recordings
Authors: Simo Zsuzsa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The paper shows the understanding of a topic recognition problem like the speech recognition system based on Natural Language Processing (NLP) and the steps of its implementation of a rules-based approach, which is able to classify given audio materials based on predefined topics in real-time. During implementation, a statistical vocabulary was developed. Google Speech API (Application Programming Interface) was employed for subtitling audio materials, and the most ideal time frame for reception was identified through several experiments. The motivation of this work is based on the deficiency of similar simple systems for Hungarian topic recognition, even though numerous international languages already utilize multiple Automatic Sound Recognition (ASR) systems.
Accuracy and validity of space analysis and irregularity index measurements using digital models
Authors: Goonewardene Roy W. , Goonewardene Mithran S. , Razza John M. , Murray Kevin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Digital copies of study models may avoid the storage and retrieval issues of plaster study models, but measurements made on digital models may not be as accurate as measurements made on traditional study models.

Aim
To determine the reliability and validity of tooth size–arch length discrepancies (TALD), irregularity indices and arch lengths (four- and six-segment analyses) measured directly on study models with digital calipers with the same measurements measured on digital copies of the study models with proprietary software.

Methods
The irregularity indices and TALDs (four- and six-segments) were measured on 50 sets of pretreatment plaster models. The plaster models were measured using manual calipers with a digital readout. The models were then couriered to OrthoCAD and digital copies emailed to the authors. The digital models were measured with the proprietary software provided with the digital models. Repeat measurements of the TALDs and the irregularity indices were subjected to intraclass correlations (ICC) to assess the reliability. The least squares means of variation was used to assess validity and the impact of measuring arch length (four- and six-segments) on the digital models, and the implications on the TALDs.

Results
There were high correlations (ICC) ranging from 98.6–99.9 per cent for both the irregularity indices and the TALDs. The choice of manual over computer and four-segment over six-segment analysis had a significant effect when measuring lower arch lengths (p < 0.05), but they had no effect on the upper arch findings.

Conclusions
Reliable measurements of the irregularity index and the TALD can be made on digital models. Computer measurements of TALDs on digital models were more consistent than manual measurements of TALDs on plaster models. Six-segment analyses of lower arch lengths on digital and plaster models gave more consistent findings than the four-segment analyses.
Comparison of fluoridated apatites with pure hydroxyapatite as potential biomimetic alternatives to enamel for laboratory-based bond strength studies
Authors: Jones Steven P. , Cheuk Godwin C.Y. , Georgiou George , Moles David R. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aim
To investigate whether fluoridated apatites have a shear bond strength which more closely equates to that of natural enamel than pure hydroxyapatite, making them potentially useful as biomimetic alternatives to natural enamel for ex vivo laboratory bonding studies.

Methods
Discs of pure hydroxyapatite, pure fluorapatite and a 1:1 mixture of hydroxyapatite-fluorapatite were produced by cold uni-axial pressing. The discs were sintered at 1300°C, embedded in epoxy resin, ground and polished. X-ray diffraction technique was used to analyse the purity of the apatites. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to investigate the etch patterns of the apatite specimens. Ninety-six upper left central incisor brackets were bonded to each of the three groups of discs. Shear bond strengths were determined by debonding the brackets using a loaded metal jig in an Instron Universal Testing Machine. The sites of bond failure were recorded using the Adhesive Remnant Index. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post-hoc comparisons were used to determine statistical differences between the mean shear bond strengths of the three specimen groups.

Results
The mean shear bond strength of pure hydroxyapatite (20.44 MPa; SD: 8.03; 95% CI: 18.81, 22.07) was significantly higher than those of fluorapatite (13.13 MPa; SD: 6.76; 95% CI: 11.76, 14.50) and hydroxyapatitefluorapatite (13.62 MPa; SD: 7.03; 95% CI: 12.19, 15.04) (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in shear bond strengths between fluorapatite and hydroxyapatite-fluorapatite (p > 0.99), and both were below the normal range ascribed to enamel (15–20 MPa). More than 90 per cent of the fluorapatite and the hydroxyapatite-fluorapatite specimens demonstrated bond failure at the substrate-adhesive interface, while only one-third of the hydroxyapatite specimens exhibited bond failure at that interface.

Conclusion
Pure fluorapatite and hydroxyapatite-fluorapatite specimens offer no advantage over pure hydroxyapatite as a suitable artificial substrate for ex vivo bond strength testing.
Microbiologically-influenced corrosion of orthodontic alloys: a review of proposed mechanisms and effects
Authors: Papadopoulou Konstantina , Eliades Theodore 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
To summarise the currently available evidence on the effects of micro-organisms on the corrosion processes of biomaterials, with specific relevance to orthodontic alloys.

Methods
Factors related to the micro-environmental milieu, conditions, site characteristics, microbial species, enzymes and compounds released in response to their attachment to surfaces and formation of biofilms are analysed with respect to their contributory roles in corrosion.

Results
Application to orthodontics is projected from relevant evidence, albeit hypothetical due to the lack of extensive investigations of the subject. The micro-organisms involved and effects observed in orthodontic alloys are summarised. Finally, protective measures are proposed to minimise the potential for corrosion processes in orthodontic patients.
Porcelain brackets during initial alignment: are self-ligating cosmetic brackets more efficient?
Authors: Miles Peter , Weyant Robert 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
To compare the effectiveness of a self-ligating (SL) porcelain bracket with a conventional porcelain (CP) bracket tied with ligatures for initial alignment in the upper arch, to compare the discomfort of both bracket – archwire combinations and to compare the times taken (both assisted and unassisted) to untie and ligate both bracket – archwire combinations.

Methods
Sixty nonextraction patients were randomly assigned to either a group with CP brackets on the upper six anterior teeth and conventional metal brackets on the premolars and first molars, or a group with SL porcelain brackets on the anterior teeth and SL metal brackets on the posterior teeth. The CP brackets were tied with coated ligatures. The irregularity index was measured at the start of treatment and at the first recall 10.7 weeks later. Discomfort was recorded over the first week with a Likert scale and the times to untie and ligate the six anterior porcelain brackets (assisted and unassisted) were recorded.

Results
There were no differences in irregularities at the start of treatment (p = 0.91) or 10.7 weeks later (p = 0.12). No significant difference in discomfort was found between the bracket types (p = 0.90). The porcelain SL brackets were significantly faster (p < 0.001) to untie and ligate than the CP brackets with ligatures.

Conclusion
Porcelain SL brackets were faster to untie and ligate by 22 seconds per bracket, but there were no significant differences in the alignment achieved or discomfort experienced.
Effects of rapid-slow maxillary expansion on the dentofacial structures
Authors: Kilic Nihat , Oktay Hüsamettin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
To date, no study has determined if rapid followed by slow maxillary expansion (also termed ‘semi-rapid’ expansion) has the same effects on the dentofacial skeleton as rapid maxillary expansion.

Objective
To determine the vertical and sagittal changes in the facial skeleton during and following rapid then slow maxillary expansion (R-SME).

Methods
Bonded maxillary expansion appliances were used to separate the maxillae over six days by activating the midline screws twice a day. The screws were then activated three times a week until sufficient expansion was obtained (Mean: 3.4 months) and used as retainers for six months. Cephalometric measurements at the start of expansion (T1), end of expansion (T2) and end of retention (T3) were compared with paired t-tests. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine the associations between the expansion (dental and skeletal) and the cephalometric changes.

Results
The maxillae moved forward a small, but statistically significant, extent during expansion. The upper molars were extruded and the mandible ‘rotated’ downward and backward. Although the vertical height of the facial skeleton (SN/GoMe, S-Go, N-Me, ANS-Me) increased significantly during expansion, the changes were small and highly variable. Some dimensions (SN/GoMe) relapsed during retention, while others (S-Go, N-Me) increased.

Conclusions
Rapid then slow maxillary expansion caused a small, but statistically significant, forward movement of the upper facial skeleton, a small downward and backward rotation of the mandible and a small increase in face height. The changes were similar to those found during rapid maxillary expansion.
The effect of a Clark twin block on mandibular motion: a case report
Authors: O’Shea Catherine , Quick Andrew , Johnson Gillian , Carman Allan , Herbison Peter 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
To investigate mandibular motion in six degrees of freedom before, during and after twin block treatment in one individual.

Methods
The appliance was worn for eight months, and motion recordings, using a 12-camera opto-electric system, were captured prior to placement of a twin block appliance and 2, 4, 14 and 52 weeks after insertion.

Results
The wide variations in mandibular motion that accompany twin block wear disappeared post-treatment, except for an increase in anteroposterior movement of the mandible.

Conclusion
Twin block therapy appears to affect mandibular motion temporarily.
Orthodontic treatment of a transmigrated mandibular canine: a case report
Authors: Trakyali Göksu , Çildir Şule Kavaloğlu , Sandalli Nüket 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Intraosseous migration of a lower canine across the midline is a rare dental anomaly. The treatment options include: forced eruption of the unerupted tooth using orthodontic traction, autotransplantation, extraction followed by prosthetic replacement.

Aim
To report the management of a transmigrated lower right canine.

Method
The treatment involved surgical, orthodontic and cosmetic dental treatment. No permanent teeth were extracted.

Results
The transmigrated canine was placed between the left central and lateral incisors and the crown recontoured to simulate a lateral incisor. An acceptable aesthetic and functional outcome was gained.

Conclusion
Transmigration is a rare dental condition that can be treated successfully with a collaborative effort from several dental disciplines.
Systematic Review Regarding The Difference In Dental Plaque Accumulation Associated With Fixed Orthodontic Retainers And Vacuum Formed Removable Retainer.
Authors: Muggianu Enrica , Musilli Damiano , D’Andrea Antonella 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Orthodontic retention is fundamental to prevent tooth relapse after the treatment. Plaque accumulation is a serious concern, affecting periodontal health. In this study, the effects of fixed retainers with removable vacuum formed retainers on plaque accumulation by evaluating the Plaque Indices were compared.
Aim of the study: The aim of the present systematic review is to comprehend which orthodontic retainer between fixed retainers and the removable vacuum formed retainers results in the least amount of plaque accumulation.
Material and Methods: For evaluation a literature review was carried out by all the reviewers by consulting PubMed, ScienceDirect, The Lancet, Sciendo, and Google Scholars electronic databases for biomedical and health literature. The articles were selected from 2017 onwards with the restriction of the English language.
Results: 5 studies were selected, reporting on a total of 249 patients both males and females who after debonding orthodontic appliances followed up with either a fixed or vacuum formed retainer.
Conclusion: Within their limits, the results seem to show that patients who wear Vacuum Formed Retainers tend to accumulate less plaque than the ones that wear Fixed Retainers. However, subsequent studies are required to address this matter and draw a definitive conclusion.
Study on the conditions of color determination in dentistry.
Authors: Barothi Szabina , Bardocz-Veres Zsuzsanna , Martha Krisztina Ildikó , Kerekes-Mathe Bernadette 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Several variables can impact the choice of shade. Having a thorough understanding of these factors and following the proper selection technique is crucial for achieving favorable esthetic results. Aim of the study: To review the characteristics of esthetic perception of teeth in different lighting conditions, by individuals with different levels of experience in dentistry. Material and methods: Thirty volunteers, dentistry students, and general dentists were recruited. The participants were asked to determine the color of 4 mock-ups containing artificial teeth, under standardized conditions. Therefore, the samples were introduced in a custom-made box and illuminated by two different light conditions (4300 K and 5500 K), and three different colors (black, gray, and pink) were selected as background colors. Results: Our results showed a statistically significant difference between the two examined light conditions, the number of correct color determinations was significantly higher under the light with a color temperature of 5500K (p<0.00001). It can be seen that the gray background color proved to be statistically significantly more beneficial than the black and pink background colors. Conclusions: Among dentistry students and practitioners, environmental changes that affect shade determination have been demonstrated. Further research is still necessary regarding the perception of the esthetic expectations of dental treatments for color determination.
Clinical and practical aspects of the gingival smile. A questionnaire-based survey.
Authors: Vlasiu Andreea , Friciu Cristina-Larisa , Lazăr Ana-Petra , Dako Timea , Lazăr Lumința 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction: One of the main elements of facial esthetics is represented by the smile. A harmonious proportion between the elements of facial esthetics is an important subject of interest in dentistry. Aim of the study: This research aims to evaluate the impact of the gummy smile on future dental practitioners. Materials and Methods: A survey containing 16 questions was designed to find out the students’ perceptions about the ideal smile and if the gingival smile is considered youthful or unpleasing. The impact on their self-esteem, their willingness to change the gummy smile or not, the nonsurgical and surgical methods of treatment were also evaluated. Results: 212 answers were recorded and analyzed. Nearly three quarters (70.3%) of the respondents believe that having a gummy smile is unesthetic, while only 29.3% considered it to be a sign of youth. Self-esteem can be affected by having a gingival smile, but, according to the results, most of the students (45.8%) said that their daily lives have not been affected by it, 40.6% said that in a small amount, 10.4% said that their self-assurance has been very affected and only 3.3% admitted that the gummy smile distressed their confidence. When asked if they were willing to correct their gingival smile, 51.4% were open to improving it while 48.6% would not change it. Conclusions: Among dentistry students, excessive showing of the gums is believed to be unesthetic rather than a sign of youthfulness. The respondents are generally not affected in their daily life by having a gummy smile. Education regarding the methods of correcting it still needs to be addressed amongst future dental practitioners.
The power of social media in Albanian businesses
Authors: Bekteshi Luan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The orientation of society towards the so-called “digital age” has had a significant impact on social life and at the same time on economic life. This impact has been accompanied by the constant change of social behavior, orienting society towards a new approach to information technology. ICT and the Internet have helped to eliminate geographical, time and cost barriers, making life more dynamic.The increase in the number of Internet and social media users has affected the restructuring of the relationship between these users, their relationship with businesses, the way of doing business, the way of education, job search, employment, entertainment, etc. The growing popularity of social networks has made it possible to create a new economic environment based on collaboration and communication. Nowadays, social networks have become the most important communication channels. Everywhere in Albania, social networks are used to communicate with acquaintances, to set up business, to communicate with customers and for many other reasons. Social media has come a long way from connecting people only to playing a crucial role in all businesses. People moved online, and they are very social. And brands have noticed the change, of course. Previously, the presence of a business was signed by a physical store and newspaper ad. But in the digital age, the business reputation lives and dies for its position on social media. Social media has the ability to drive buyers to a new product or a good deal. But not only that, social networks create a sense of community and involve people in a way of shopping.
The Nexus between Economic Features and Contraceptive Switching in Indonesia
Authors: Rajagukguk Wilson , Gultom Fajar Lamhot , Alfarabi Muhammad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to examine the association between economic characteristics and contraceptive switching in Indonesia.

Methods
The study employed monthly contraceptive calendar data from the results of the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. The unit analyzed the contraceptive use during 3-62 months in women of the age between 15-49. The data was analyzed using a Gompertz proportional hazards model. The dependent variable was the duration of the risk period up to the incidence of the contraceptive switching. Main used variables were based on economic, demographic and sociocultural factors.

Results
The 12-month contraceptive switching rate was higher among women who had a cellular phone, a bank account, ever used the internet in the last year, were currently employed and came from households in highest wealth quintile. These economic features significantly influenced the risk of switching contraception in Indonesia after controlling for demographic and sociocultural factors.

Conclusions
After controlling for demographic and sociocultural factors, a higher risk of contraceptive switching was associated with having a cellular phone and bank account and being from households in highest wealth quintile. Higher contraceptive switching risk was also associated with switching contraceptive pills, intent of limiting births, having two or three children, being of age 15-24 years, having higher education, having exposure to family planning messages via internet, having husbands who decided about the wife’s earnings, earning more than husband and not owning a house. The nexus between better economic status and contraceptive switching may imply the need to formulate and implement suitable family planning policies and strategies to reduce contraceptive switching among the better-off economically and more empowered women in order to prevent unwanted births.
Covid Crisis Experiences of Hungarian Small Family Farms Engaged in Multifunctional Agriculture
Authors: Ujj Apolka , Pércsi Kinga Nagyné , Bazsik István , Harkányi Annamária , Jancsovszka Paulina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The paper presents the experiences and survival strategies of small family businesses engaged in multifunctional agricultural activities in Hungary during the COVID crisis. The following topics were examined: human resources, supplier-customer relations, production and sales, distribution channels, inputs and outputs prices, strategies and business models, and subsidies in agricultural sectors combined with financial assistance. The study was conducted using a qualitative research methodology, with the help of structured in-depth interviews made with 22 small family businesses. The results show that multifunctional family businesses performed well. The health consequences and the measures taken by the government caused disruption but did not completely hinder the operation of businesses.
Measuring the Gender Gap Index using socio-economic variability: A case study based on Modified Global Gender Gap Index (Sehore Municipal Council, India)
Authors: Siddiqui Farheen , Khan Jabir Hasan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The present paper deals with the limited aspects of calculation of gender gap in terms of socio-economic variability measures in Sehore Municipal Council (Sehore M.C.), Madhya Pradesh, by partially utilizing Global Gender Gap Index of the World Economic Forum (WEF). Pronounced gender inequality in terms of Indian scenario and thrust of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) introduced by the United Nations, on Gender Equality (Goal-5), have made it pertinent to assess gender gap in terms of socio-economic variability. The present study, therefore aims to measure the gender inequality in the upcoming city of Sehore, a class I city as per 2011 Population Census, in Madhya Pradesh. The study adopts the methodology of the Global Gender Gap Index of the WEF, and applies it to 15 variables over 3 sub-indices obtained from the household survey of 940 women across selected 17 localities covering 4 wards in Sehore M.C. The methodology includes the standardization of the selected variables and preparation of the composite index. As per the composite index mapping, 35% of the localities belong to very poor category, while 29% of the localities belong to poor category. Nearly 12% of the localities belong to each satisfactory, good and very good categories. The study concludes with suggestions for the promotion of gender parity in the city apart from highlighting the ongoing activities of the government for the women’s empowerment in the Sehore city.