bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
After Heidegger: Transubstantiation
Authors: Hemming Laurence Paul 
Published: March 2003

Recent debate over transubstantiation (especially Jean‐Luc Marion's defence of it) has concentrated either on transubstantiation as a kind of embarrassment in consequence of modern physics, or on the extent to which it is both a doctrine elaborated in the light of metaphysics and recoverable in consequence of metaphysics having been overcome. In this sense the tension between Aquinas' apparently metaphysical formulation of the doctrine and the less overtly metaphysical formula adopted by the Council of Trent (in its refusal to speak of ‘accidents’) has indicated a way of ‘rescuing’ or ‘recovering’ the doctrine.This article argues that such a recovery is a false trail. Pope Paul VI was right to be wary of relativising the Eucharistic event to the believing community in any doctrine of transignification. Alternatively, attempts like Chauvet's and Macquarrie's to restate Eucharistic event in terms of Heidegger's Geviert presuppose Heidegger has succeeded in destroying the metaphysics of presence, so that they can use the fruits of his researches. What is actually at issue in thinking through transubstantiation is how the doctrine relates to conceptions of the physical: Aristotelian, what comes to be Newtonian, or postmodern conceptions which appear to eschew physics altogether.Heidegger's contribution to the debate would better point to how knowing anything means being included in and (self‐) disclosed by what I know. A re‐investigation of transubstantiation might therefore take into account the extraordinary reappearance of the term ‘transubstantiation’ in current non‐theological investigations of performativity (especially in the work of Judith Butler).Here transubstantiation would include not the maximal meaning of bread and wine as signs constituted in das Geviert, ‘after’ substance has been critiqued, but their minimality, in enacting a change in (our) substance (self‐realising). This would confirm the divinising meaning of the Eucharistic event, which stresses how we are caught up into the divine. Thus, whereas in transignification the Eucharistic event occurs in consequence of the will of the community of believers, in transubstantiation it is the enactment of the community as community that is at issue, an enactment in consequence of no act of will of its own. In terms of the postmodern and non‐theological appropriation of the word transubstantiation, this means that I who participate in the Eucharistic am re‐ordered, or re‐materialised, or ‘trans‐substantiated’ in the Eucharistic event.
Why Anti‐Realism Breaks up Relationships
Authors: Insole Christopher J. 
Published: March 2003

Some theologians are inclined to regard realism with hostility or indifference. I do not present an argument for realism, but for why realism matters, and what is at stake.First of all, I separate the heart of realism from gratuitous doctrines which are too often associated with it. Religious realism is the claim that truth is independent of our beliefs about truth, and that we can in principle hope to have true beliefs about God. Realism is not intrinsically concerned with the existence of ‘objects’, with natural theology or rational justification.I then show that even thinkers who are hostile or indifferent to religious realism so defined, usually make an implicit appeal to a similar realism in the sphere of ethics.To establish that realism matters in religion as well as ethics I draw an analogy with realism/anti‐realism about persons, to show that anti‐realism makes mutually risk‐taking and courageous relationships impossible. I go on to argue that far from it being a realist who is obsessed with rational certainty, this is one of the worst vices of the anti‐realist, who cannot bear there to be a gap between her beliefs and reality.I conclude that the most vital feature of religious realism is not certainty of belief, but the opposite – the acknowledged risk that all our hope could be in vain. In closing the possibility on this risk, the anti‐realist demonstrates an unfaithful and uncourageous movement of thought.
Examining the Assumption
Authors: Haldane John 
Published: March 2003

Many believe that at the end of her life Mary was assumed bodily ‘into heaven’ where she remains exalted by her divine son. This claim, magisterially entitled The Doctrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, strikes some as absurd. Even many traditional Christians are opposed to, or have doubts about this aspect of Catholic doctrine (as they do of its non–defined equivalent among the Eastern Orthodox marked by the feast of the koimesis (dormition) of the Theotokos[the one who ‘gave birth to’ God]).Typically critics regard the doctrine as being at best a sentimental piety and at worst a neo–Pagan accretion entirely lacking in support from any appropriate quarter. Others go further, however; suggesting that it is not simply without biblical or other evidential warrant but is in some way incoherent. Here I explore some of the sources of difficulties that confront any attempt to present and defend the doctrine.Ancient and mediaeval accounts often relate narratives of Mary’s final days. Significantly, however, they also reason that given Mary’s unique status the Assumption must have happened because it should have done. I consider this style of deductive theology before examining certain historical presentations, in which I argue that there may be material evidence of the tradition as far back as the end of the persecution of Diocletian around the time of the Edict of Milan.Thereafter I take up the philosophical problems, exploring various possibilities and suggesting that acknowledging Aquinas’s insistence on the impoverished nature of disembodied human souls, and their need of resurrected embodiment is consistent with Mary’s unique role that the mode of her present existence is of a different order to that of other separated subjects.
Political Propaganda and Royal Proclamations in Late Medieval England*
Authors: Doig James A. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The royal proclamation was the main means by which the English Crown communicated news and orders to the mass of its subjects. In a largely illiterate society, the recited proclamation was also a potentially powerful vehicle for disseminating political propaganda. This article examines the effectiveness of the royal proclamation as an instrument for broadcasting propaganda to a large audience. It considers the efforts of the Crown to ensure that its proclamations were carried out by its local officials and heard by a wide and varied audience. It examines the persuasive content of proclamations and it considers the impact that they may have had on public opinion.
Carleton's book: William FitzStephen's ‘Description of London’ in a late fourteenth-century common-place book*
Authors: Kleineke Hannes 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
This article discusses a hitherto unpublished version of William FitzStephen's twelfth-century ‘Description of London’ incorporated in a late fourteenth-century common-place book of London origins, and its variations from other texts. A suggestion as to the book's unnamed owner's identity is put forward and his career examined. The possible significance of the inclusion of the text in a common-place book of the period is discussed in the context of recent writing on London foundation myths.
Voices in court: lawyers' or litigants'?
Authors: Bailey Joanne 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Written records of litigation lie at the heart of numerous studies of English society and culture. Although some documents appear to demonstrate individuality, historians advise that they be used cautiously since the words of litigants and deponents were filtered through the legal profession. This article uncovers the process of mediation by exploring the interaction between litigants and their legal advisers, using correspondence received by church court proctors. It reveals that some parties had an active role in their litigation and, crucially, that their own motives could obscure the reality underlying their lawsuits as much as the legal process.
The end of Angevin Normandy: the revolt at Alençon (1203)
Authors: Power Daniel 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The surrender of Alençon by the count of Sées to the French in January 1203 was one of the most significant events in the collapse of King John's régime in Normandy, but the sources for the count's rebellion are both meagre and ambiguous. Several less well-known examples are discussed here, and two acts of King John dated by the rebellion are published in full for the first time. Also printed here is a contract between two Norman knights, compiled at Alençon in May 1203 and witnessed by several adherents of Philip Augustus, which sheds important light upon the insurrection at Alençon and the end of Angevin rule in Normandy.
The provincial social survey in Edwardian Britain
Authors: Freeman Mark 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
This article examines three social surveys carried out in English provincial towns after Seebohm Rowntree's study of York and before A. L. Bowley's sample surveys of five towns. The authors emphasized specific local circumstances and suggested local voluntary and municipal remedies for the social problems they described. Their focus was on the community, and although informed by the discourses of ‘national efficiency’ that also lay behind Rowntree's researches, the solutions to the problems of juvenile life and casual labour that compromised national efficiency were to be found in local endeavour. Poverty was viewed in the context of its impact on the community rather than on the individual.
Military pay and the economy of the early Islamic state*
Authors: Kennedy Hugh 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
This article examines the system of military payment in the early Islamic state (c. 650–900 A.D.) and its effect on the economy. It is argued that early Islamic armies were paid in cash salaries, rather than land grants or kind. This meant that a massive amount of coinage was put into circulation and spent by the soldiers in the markets of the developing towns of the Middle East. The system of military payment played an important part in creating the urban, cash based market economy of the early Islamic world which contrasts so sharply with the land and kind based economies of the contemporary Byzantine empire and Latin West.
Historians in ‘the liberal hour’: Lawrence Stone and J. H. Plumb re–visited*
Authors: Cannadine David 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
This articles assesses the careers and impact of Lawrence Stone and J. H. Plumb, examining their formative influences, and the effect which they in turn had on the writing and practice of history, particularly in the nineteen–sixties. It assesses their two most resonant books: Stone's The Causes of the English Revolution, 1529–1642(1972) and Plumb's The Growth of Political Stability in England, 1675–1725(1967). The article traces historiographical debate through the twentieth century and into the new millennium, focusing on the buoyant and heady atmosphere of the sixties, which so affected Stone, Plumb and their contemporaries, and the revisionist response which peaked in the nineteen–eighties, and concludes that no historian could or should claim to be unaffected by the times in which he or she writes.
Exploring the mismatch between skills and jobs for women in Saudi Arabia in technical and vocational areas: the views of Saudi Arabian private sector business managers
Authors: Calvert John R. , Al‐Shetaiwi A. S. 
Published: March 2003

Saudi Arabia’s rapid development has highlighted the shortage of national technical manpower and the subsequent need to recruit non‐Saudi technical workers, on the one hand, and the difficulty of replacing these workers with qualified Saudis, on the other. Therefore successive Development Plans have tried to raise the quality and quantity of technical and vocational education for both men and women. In 1995/96 only 5 per cent of Technical and Vocational Education (TEVT) enrolled students were female. This compares with an average of 29 per cent in other Islamic countries and 45 per cent in Japan (UNESCO, 1997, 1999). Part of this may be due to the preferences of female students in education, part due to the structure of TEVT in Saudi Arabia, part due to the availability of technical and vocational jobs available for women after completing their training and part due to the natural place of women in Saudi society. The Seventh Development Plan (2000–2004) assumes that the private sector will play a very significant role in employing a Saudi labour force including both men and women.As part of a comprehensive study concerning the factors affecting women’s employment in the Saudi private sector private sector business managers in four large cities were surveyed to see what factors they felt were important. The main factors affecting employment of women in technical and vocational education were seen by the managers as those relating to the structure of TEVT education in Saudi Arabia rather than preferences of women or pressures from society.
Canberra: a sheep in wolf’s clothing
Authors: Colombijn Freek 
Published: March 2003

Canberra, the capital of the Commonwealth of Australia, was built as a symbol of a new nation. The city’s symbolism is dominated by an optic axis, provided by the masterplan of Walter Burley Griffin. The dominant message of the objects at the poles of this axis, the Parliament House and the War Memorial, is nationalism. The Parliament House brings the nation together at one point and the War Memorial specifies that the Australian national is tough, resourceful, and comradely. By its reference to heroic deeds in wartime, the War Memorial gives a belligerent message in an otherwise peaceful landscape. Women and spiritual religions are conspicuously absent from Canberra. There is a remarkable tolerance towards other nations leaving their symbolic footprint in Canberra.—Canberra, la capitale du Commonwealth d’Australie, fut construite comme symbole de la nation. Le symbolisme de la ville est dominé par un axe optique, d’après le plan d’ensemble détaillé de Walter Burley Griffin. Le message dominant des objets aux extrémités de cet axe, le Parlement et le monument aux morts, est le nationalisme. Le Parlement rassemble la nation à un point donné, et le monument aux morts spécifie que l’australien est tenace, ingénieux, et amical. Le monument aux morts rappelle des actes de guerre héroïıques et envoie un message belligérant dans un paysage autrement tranquille. Les femmes et les religions spirituelles sont très manifestement absentes de Canberra. Il y a une tolérance remarquable envers les autres nations qui ont laissé leur empreinte symbolique sur Canberra.
Characteristics and Origins of the Comecon Open‐air Market in Hungary
Authors: Czakó Ágnes , Sik Endre 
Published: March 2003

This paper looks at the evolution of the open‐air marketplace in Hungary in terms of the theory of path‐dependent development. The current post‐communist open‐air market has its origins in the economic peculiarities of the former communist distribution and production system and still bears many of these characteristics. The paper traces the distinctive ways in which this shaped open‐air trading in Hungary. Drawing upon historical and anthropological evidence, the paper also shows how open‐air markets had their roots in an even earlier pre‐communist period which shaped the path of development which they subsequently took. The second half of the paper draws upon a unique empirical study of four markets in four towns in Hungary in the post‐communist period to look in more detail at what are the characteristics of these open‐air markets. The paper considers to what extent open‐air markets have characteristics which can be found anywhere in the world and to what extent they are specific to the post‐communist situation.Cet article explore le développement des marchés en plein air en Hongrie à partir de la théorie du sentier de dépendance. Le marché en plein air post‐communiste actuel a ses origines dans les particularités économiques de l’ancien système communiste de distribution et de production et en garde de nombreuses caractéristiques. Cet article retrace comment ceci a modelé de façon distinctive le commerce en plein air en Hongrie. Utilisant des données historiques et anthropologiques, cet article montre aussi que les marchés en plein air avaient leurs origines dans une période pré‐communiste antérieure qui a façonné la voie de développement qu’ils ont prise postérieurement. La seconde partie de l’article utilise une étude empirique unique sur quatre marchés dans quatre villes de Hongrie durant la période post‐communiste afin d’explorer en détail les caractéristiques de ces marchés en plein air. Cet article demande jusqu’à quel point les marchés en plein air ont les caractéristiques que l’on peut trouver partout dans le monde et jusqu’à quel point elles sont spécifiques de la situation post‐communiste.
Innovation and Interdependencies in the New Zealand Custom Boat‐building Industry
Authors: Glass Michael R. , Hayward David J. 
Published: March 2003

Custom boat building in New Zealand is a globally competing industry comprising a densely interconnected community of small and medium‐sized enterprises. Innovation in product and production processes is an essential feature in the industry's success. This article investigates innovation and interdependencies in the New Zealand boat‐building industry and explores the notion that it is an example of an innovative regional milieu. The study includes a benchmark survey of the industry completed in 1998, which evaluates the sources of information and innovation, as well as a series of intensive interviews with leading firms to ascertain the characteristics of innovation. The peculiar cultural and social factors of New Zealand – and especially of Auckland, where the industry is spatially clustered – are found to have been significant in the growth of the industry. Furthermore, the contemporary prominence of sports and recreational boating has facilitated the industry's recent growth and exporting.En Nouvelle‐Zélande, la construction navale sur commande est un secteur compétitif au plan mondial, qui intègre une communauté de petites et moyennes entreprises au maillage relationnel très serré. L'innovation des produits et des procédés de fabrication est une caractéristique essentielle de sa réussite. L'article étudie l'innovation et les interdépendances au sein de la construction navale néo‐zélandaise, en envisageant l'idée qu'elle constitue un exemple de milieu régional novateur. Le travail s'appuie sur une étude des performances du secteur réalisée en 1998, laquelle évalue les sources d'informations et d'innovation, ainsi que sur une série d'entretiens intensifs avec les entreprises de premier plan afin d'établir les caractéristiques de l'innovation. Il apparaît que les facteurs culturels et sociaux particuliers à la Nouvelle‐Zélande, notamment à Auckland où l'activité est regroupée géographiquement, ont joué un rôle significatif dans l'expansion de cette industrie. Par ailleurs, l'importance que prend actuellement la navigation sportive et de loisir a facilité sa croissance récente et ses exportations.
Ethnic minority participation in British and French cities: a historical–institutionalist perspective
Authors: Garbaye Romain 
Published: March 2003

In this article, I set out to explain cross–national variations between styles of ethnic minority incorporation in the conventional political systems of British and French cities. To this aim, I draw inspiration from, and refine, institutionalist approaches to minority participation. I focus on a comparison of two cases, Birmingham (England) and Lille (France). I construct a parsimonious explanatory framework focused on three institutional factors: central–local relations in each country and local party politics and styles of local government in each city. I argue that these elements combine in different ways in each country to produce different local political environments for the politics of ethnic minorities, thereby shaping patterns of participation and conditioning their success, or absence thereof, in the electoral process of cities. Because of local specificities, my two cases are not entirely representative of other cities, but they provide an illustration of the political processes at work in most cities. In Birmingham, minorities participate successfully in Labour party politics, while in Lille, they are submitted to persistent political exclusion at the hands of a powerful Socialist party machine.Cet article vise à expliquer les variations transnationales entre les styles d’intégration des minorités ethniques dans les systèmes politiques classiques de villes britanniques et françaises. Dans ce but, il s’inspire, en les affinant, des approches institutionnalistes de la participation des minorités, et s’appuie sur la comparaison de deux cas: Birmingham (Royaume–Uni) et Lille (France). Ce travail élabore un simplifié cadre explicatif reposant sur trois facteurs institutionnels: les relations central–local dans chaque pays, la politique locale/parti, ainsi que les styles de gouvernement local dans chaque ville. Ces éléments se combinent différemment dans chaque pays et génèrent des environnements politiques locaux distincts pour la politique des minorités ethniques, façonnant ainsi des modèles de participation et conditionnant leur réussite ou échec dans le processus électoral urbain. A cause des spécificités locales, les deux cas ne sont pas tout à fait représentatifs d’autres villes, mais ils illustrent les processus politiques opérant dans la plupart d’entre elles. A Birmingham, les minorités participent avec succès à la politique du parti travailliste tandis qu’à Lille, elles sont soumises à une exclusion politique persistante face à la puissante machine du parti socialiste.
Emergent Migration Policy in a Democratic South Africa
Authors: Kotzé Hennie , Hill Lloyd 
Published: March 2003

This article sets recent debates on migration policy in South Africa against broader historical realities that have shaped patterns of population movement on the subcontinent since the end of the nineteenth century. During the course of the last century, most forms of population movement were the result of disjointed regional economic development which can be traced to two epochal events at the end of the nineteenth century: the creation of the modern African state system and the discovery of mineral wealth in Southern Africa. Although regulation of migrant labour was a fundamental feature of the colonial period, it was only after 1950, when independent states began to define specific migration priorities, that states began to restrict significantly the flow of transnational labour. From this point notions such as internally displaced person, refugee and illegal immigrant become increasingly appropriate to the study of regional migration.Particular attention is given to current debate on the definition of refugee which forms part of a broader international debate. A number of South African writers have argued that, given the structural imbalances contained in the regional economy, the term “refugee” should be redefined to include economic migrants. This position is not shared by the South African Government, and an analysis of current policy and legislation demonstrates a growing tendency to restrict the influx of undocumented migrants. This is due, in part, to the recent political transition and the institutional compromises that it produced as well as the growth of negative sentiment towards illegal immigrants at both mass and elite levels, as demonstrated by two recent research findings. The article concludes with a summation of recent trends in South African migration policy and an evaluation of the ambiguous position that South Africa occupies within Southern Africa.