bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived weight stigma in healthcare settings among adults living with obesity: A cross‐sectional investigation of the relationship with patient characteristics and person‐centred care
Authors: Crompvoets Paige I. , Nieboer Anna P. , van Rossum Elisabeth F. C. , Cramm Jane M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionPatients living with obesity often experience weight stigma in healthcare settings, which has worrying consequences for their healthcare experiences. This cross‐sectional study aimed to: (1) provide an overview of stigmatising experiences in healthcare settings reported by adults living with varying classes of obesity, (2) identify associations among patient characteristics and perceived weight stigma and (3) investigate the association between perceived weight stigma and person‐centred care (PCC).MethodsDutch adults living with obesity classes I (body mass index [BMI]: 30 to <35 kg/m2; n = 426), II (BMI: 35 to <40 kg/m2; n = 124) and III (BMI: ≥40 kg/m2; n = 40) completed measures of perceived weight stigma in healthcare settings and PCC. Descriptive, correlational and multivariate analyses were conducted.ResultsOf patients living with classes I, II and III obesity, 41%, 59% and 80%, respectively reported experiences of weight stigma in healthcare settings. Younger age, greater obesity severity and the presence of chronic illnesses were associated with greater perceived weight stigma. Greater perceived weight stigma was associated with lower PCC.ConclusionThe results of this study emphasise the significant role of weight stigma in the healthcare experiences of patients living with obesity. Reducing weight stigma is expected to improve PCC and the overall quality of care for these patients. Minimising weight stigma will require efforts across various healthcare domains, including increasing awareness among healthcare professionals about sensitive communication in weight‐related discussions.Patient ContributionOur sample consisted of patients living with obesity. Additionally, patients were involved in the pilot testing and refinement of the PCC instrument.
Mechanical properties due to competition behavior between damage and recovery of self‐healing fiber‐reinforced ceramics
Authors: Lee JangWon , Akutsu Yuki , Nakao Wataru 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe phenomenon caused by the competition between self‐healing and crack propagation of self‐healing fiber‐reinforced ceramics was succeeded to be quantified as a new mechanical function. To quantify, it was measured in detail that the creep deformation as time variation of the self‐healing composite under various stresses. In particular, a detailed analysis will be carried out focusing on the time variation of the creep rate. When the tensile stress of 100 MPa was applied to the self‐healing composite, the initially large creep rate decreased with time, eventually reaching zero. This behavior is considered to be achieved by self‐healing that suppresses crack propagation. The time when the creep rate reaches 0 is an important indicator of self‐healing ability and was defined as the crack arrest time. From the results of similar experiments in which the applied stress was varied, it was found that the crack arrest time increased with the applied stress. However, at 160 MPa, creep fracture occurred. From these results, it was confirmed that the maximum stress at which the competition behavior could be expressed was 153 MPa or less. Based on the obtained results, we propose a new mechanical function that utilizes the self‐healing function.
Debittering of salmon frame protein hydrolysate and plastein using Maillard reaction as affected by types of sugar
Authors: Sharma Kartik , Nilsuwan Krisana , Hong Hui , Fan Xinru , Benjakul Soottawat 
Published: January 2024

SummaryImpacts of Maillard reaction on bitterness, physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities of salmon frame protein hydrolysates (PH) and its plastein (PT) using ribose or glucosamine (Glx) were investigated. PT showed higher bitterness than PH after Maillard reaction, regardless of sugars and concentrations used (P < 0.05). PH (10%) and 4% Glx heated at 120 °C for 120 min yielded Maillard reaction products (MRPs) with the least bitterness (score: 5.89) as compared to control sample (P < 0.05). Browning intensity and lightness of aforesaid sample were directly and inversely proportional to treatment time, respectively. MRPs (10% PH with 4% Glx) showed the increased DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities (37.06 and 45.65 μmol TE g−1, respectively) up to 60 min (P < 0.05). Moreover, bitterness score of MRPS heated for 60 min was reduced from 9.37 (PH) to 1.44 ascertained by decrease in hydrophobic amino acid contents (P < 0.05). Therefore, Maillard reaction could be used as a promising means to lower bitterness of salmon frame PH.
Development details of an Artificial Gastric Digestive System (AGDS) and analysis of model food disintegration and degradation
Authors: Liu Weilin , Zhang Tingting , Jin Yangyi , Li Zhijie , Han Jianzhong , Tian Shiyi 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe individual differences and ethical limitations of in vivo studies have prompted the development of in vitro digestive models. In this study, an Artificial Gastric Digestive System (AGDS) with the geometry and motion of the human stomach was designed and operated. Five agar beads with different breaking forces (0.35–0.95 N) were applied in AGDS model to verify the gastric breakdown behaviour. Results showed that the degradation degree of agar beads in AGDS was significantly different to that in the shaking water bath. Besides, beads in a high‐viscosity medium (30 Pa·s) had a shorter breaking time (26 min) than that in a low‐viscosity medium (0.69 Pa·s, 37 min). AGDS can simulate peristalsis and dynamic flow kinetics, thus it pushes forward the understanding of food degradation and nutrients release during gastric digestion and may inspire the design of versatile artificial stomach based on specific populations.
Empowering organisational commitment through digital transformation capabilities: The role of digital leadership and a continuous learning environment
Authors: Braojos Jessica , Weritz Pauline , Matute Jorge 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough research has shown that leveraging technologies and creating a new organisational identity are critical to staying competitive in a digital business environment, these assumptions have focused mainly on operational performance and exclude the impact on the workplace and employees. The challenge of attracting employees in the context of digital transformation is leading organisations to explore drivers of commitment. Further research is needed into the key factors that bind employees to an organisation. This study seeks to advance knowledge on this individual frontier by proposing a model in which digital leadership and a continuous learning environment mediate the impact of digital transformation capabilities on organisational commitment. Testing our model through an empirical study from Spain shows an effect of both mediators. The paper thus contributes to the IS literature by identifying two mediators and their role in achieving organisational commitment. These results also suggest a new way to approach research in digital transformation by opening a new frontier on the individual level and charting a path for future study. Moreover, the results have great practical value, generating implications for organisations and new avenues of future research to explore the boundary conditions of the individual frontier.
A meta‐analysis of topical Ketorolac's effect on surgical site wound healing post‐cataract surgery
Authors: You Ran , Han Yu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis meta‐analysis evaluates the impact of topical ketorolac on surgical site wound healing and scar formation after cataract surgery. A thorough literature search, adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, identified eight relevant studies from 2348 articles. The selected studies were analysed for wound healing efficacy, using the redness, edema, ecchymosis, discharge and approximation (REEDA) scale, and scar formation, assessed by the Manchester scar scale (MSS). Results indicated that ketorolac significantly improved wound healing, with lower REEDA scores 1 week post‐surgery (I2 = 97%; Random: standardised mean difference (SMD): −10.93, 95% CI: −13.85 to −8.00, p < 0.01), and reduced scar formation, evidenced by lower MSS scores 3 months post‐surgery (I2 = 74%; Random: SMD: −9.67, 95% CI: −11.03 to −8.30, p < 0.01). The findings suggest that topical ketorolac is beneficial in post‐cataract surgery care, enhancing wound healing and reducing scarring.
Corrosion behavior of precracked SiCf/SiC composites under 1200–1300°C Na2SO4‐wet‐oxygen environment
Authors: Guo Feiyu , Chen Xiaowu , Zhang Junmin , Yang Jinshan , Zhang Xiangyu , Kan Yanmei , Xue Yudong , Qin Hao , Dong Shaoming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSiCf/SiC composites, as promising materials for the hot‐section components of turbine engines, are susceptible to hot corrosion due to the steam environments. Especially, under rotational and thermal stress, numerous microcracks may be generated in the SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix, which can trigger the rapid invasion of corrosive gases and deteriorate the composite mechanical properties. Therefore, it is of great importance to investigate the degradation mechanisms of SiCf/SiC with precracks existing. Here, the corrosion behavior of precracked SiCf/SiC in the Na2SO4‐wet‐oxygen environment was evaluated. By comparing mechanical evolution under different corrosion conditions, microfailure mechanisms of SiCf/SiC were revealed. The results indicate that brittle cracking of the matrix and oxidation erosion of fibers are the key factors in reducing the tensile strain of composites. Specifically, the composite damage resistance increases at 67 MPa‐1300°C. At this point, the prestress level is moderate and close to the matrix cracking limit. The prefabricated microcracks can be healed at 1300°C by liquid oxidation products, which hinders cracks bridging large‐scale. This study is conducive to a better understanding of failure mechanisms of SiCf/SiC in complex service environments.
The Nurse‐Police Assistance Crisis Team (N‐PACT): A new role for nursing
Authors: Petreca Victor G. , Barros Joanne T. , Hoblock Courtney , Burgess Ann W. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to gain insights into forensic nurses' perspectives and approaches to behavioural crisis situations, comparing them to disciplines traditionally involved in first‐line behavioural crisis response.DesignThis study used a descriptive, qualitative exploratory design and was informed by Systems Theory.MethodsThe study was carried in the United States, between 2022 and 2023. Data were gathered through four focus groups: police officers (n = 12), co‐response (mental health) clinicians (n = 13), sexual assault nurse examiners (n = 6) and correctional nurses (n = 4). Thematic analysis was performed.Reporting MethodThe Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) guidelines were used.ResultsFindings revealed temporal themes in crisis response: (1) Searching for Historical Information; (2) Safety and Acting at the Present Scene; and (3) Future Strategies and Interventions. Common priorities (e.g. safety and de‐escalation) were identified across groups. Notably, nurses demonstrated a comprehensive approach, addressing physical and mental health assessments, substance involvement, and physical injury evaluation.ConclusionThis study proposes the creation of a novel nursing role within first‐line multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) for crisis response—the Nurse‐Police Assistance Crisis Team (N‐PACT). Nurses bring expertise and comprehensive assessment skills to enhance crisis responses, particularly in cases involving mental health emergencies, medical crises, and drug‐related incidents.ImplicationsForensic nurses, with their diverse competencies and comprehensive training, are highly valuable assets within MDTs. Their expertise extends to proficiently conducting mental and physical assessments, ensuring safety and adeptly navigating situations that intersect with the legal system.ImpactThe N‐PACT concept can improve outcomes and streamline the allocation of resources, particularly considering the number of police calls involving behavioural crises.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Microplastics in dermatology: Potential effects on skin homeostasis
Authors: Aristizabal Miguel , Jiménez‐Orrego Katherine V. , Caicedo‐León María D. , Páez‐Cárdenas Laura S. , Castellanos‐García Isabella , Villalba‐Moreno Dennys L. , Ramírez‐Zuluaga Luisa V. , Hsu Jeffrey T. S. , Jaller Jose , Gold Michael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundMicroplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have become a growing concern in dermatology due to their widespread presence in cosmetic formulations and the environment. These minuscule synthetic polymer particles prompt an essential exploration of their potential impact on dermatological homeostasis.AimsThis study aims to investigate the effects of MPs and NPs on the integumentary system. Specifically, it seeks to understand the potential cutaneous alterations, inflammatory responses, and disruptions to the skin's physiological functions caused by these synthetic particles.Patients/MethodsThe investigation involves a comprehensive analysis of emerging research on MPs and NPs. This includes their presence in cosmetic formulations and environmental pervasiveness. The study delves into their capacity to breach the cutaneous barrier, raising concerns about the implications of prolonged exposure.ResultsEvidence suggests that MPs and NPs may indeed incite cutaneous alterations, provoke inflammatory responses, and disturb the homeostasis of the skin's physiological functions. Their small dimensions enhance their capability to breach the cutaneous barrier, further emphasizing the apprehensions associated with prolonged exposure.ConclusionsWhile a precise understanding of the implications of MPs and NPs on dermatological health remains an ongoing scientific endeavor, this study underscores the growing significance of these synthetic particles. The findings emphasize the need for proactive measures to safeguard both individual well‐being and environmental preservation in the context of dermatological health.
Oxytocin alleviates periodontitis in adult rats
Authors: Dmytrenko Ganna , Fernández‐Solari Javier , Correa Fernando , De Laurentiis Andrea 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to evaluate the expression of oxytocin receptors in normal and inflamed gingiva, as well as the effects of systemic administration of oxytocin in bone loss and gum inflammatory mediators in a rat model of experimental periodontitis.Background DataCurrent evidence supports the hypothesis of a disbalance between the oral microbiota and the host's immune response in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Increased complexity of the microbial biofilm present in the periodontal pocket leads to local production of nitrogen and oxygen‐reactive species, cytokines, chemokines, and other proinflammatory mediators which contribute to periodontal tissue destruction and bone loss. Oxytocin has been suggested to participate in the modulation of immune and inflammatory processes. We have previously shown that oxytocin, nitric oxide, and endocannabinoid system interact providing a mechanism of regulation for systemic inflammation. Here, we aimed at investigating not only the presence and levels of expression of oxytocin receptors on healthy and inflamed gingiva, but also the effects of oxytocin treatment on alveolar bone loss, and systemic and gum expression of inflammatory mediators involved in periodontal tissue damage using ligature‐induced periodontitis. Therefore, anti‐inflammatory strategies oriented at modulating the host's immune response could be valuable adjuvants to the main treatment of periodontal disease.MethodsWe used an animal model of ligature‐induced periodontitis involving the placement of a linen thread (Barbour flax 100% linen suture, No. 50; size 2/0) ligature around the neck of first lower molars of adult male rats. The ligature was left in place during the entire experiment (7 days) until euthanasia. Animals with periodontitis received daily treatment with oxytocin (OXT, 1000 μg/kg, sc.) or vehicle and/or atosiban (3 mg/kg, sc.), an antagonist of oxytocin receptors. The distance between the cement–enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest was measured in stained hemimandibles in the long axis of both buccal and lingual surfaces of both inferior first molars using a caliper. TNF‐α levels in plasma were determined using specific rat enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). OXT receptors, IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α expression were determined in gingival tissues by semiquantitative or real‐time PCR.ResultsWe show that oxytocin receptors are expressed in normal and inflamed gingival tissues in male rats. We also show that the systemic administration of oxytocin prevents the experimental periodontitis‐induced increased gum expression of oxytocin receptors, TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β (p < .05). Furthermore, we observed a reduction in bone loss in rats treated with oxytocin in our model.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that oxytocin is a novel and potent modulator of the gingival inflammatory process together with bone loss preventing effects in an experimental model of ligature‐induced periodontitis.
Latin American consensus on diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Olmos Jorge A. , Pandolfino John E. , Piskorz María M. , Zamora Natalia , Valdovinos Díaz Miguel A. , Remes Troche José M. , Guzmán Mauricio , Hani Albis , Valdovinos García Luis R. , Pitanga Lukashok Hannah , Domingues Gerson , Vesco Eduardo , Rivas Mariel Mejia , Ovalle Luis F. Pineda , Cisternas Daniel , Vela Marcelo F. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can be challenging given varying symptom presentations, and complex multifactorial pathophysiology. The gold standard for GERD diagnosis is esophageal acid exposure time (AET) measured by pH‐metry. A variety of additional diagnostic tools are available. The goal of this consensus was to assess the individual merits of GERD diagnostic tools based on current evidence, and provide consensus recommendations following discussion and voting by experts.MethodsThis consensus was developed by 15 experts from nine countries, based on a systematic search of the literature, using GRADE (grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation) methodology to assess the quality and strength of the evidence, and provide recommendations regarding the diagnostic utility of different GERD diagnosis tools, using AET as the reference standard.Key ResultsA proton pump inhibitor (PPI) trial is appropriate for patients with heartburn and no alarm symptoms, but nor for patients with regurgitation, chest pain, or extraesophageal presentations. Severe erosive esophagitis and abnormal reflux monitoring off PPI are clearly indicative of GERD. Esophagram, esophageal biopsies, laryngoscopy, and pharyngeal pH monitoring are not recommended to diagnose GERD. Patients with PPI‐refractory symptoms and normal endoscopy require reflux monitoring by pH or pH‐impedance to confirm or exclude GERD, and identify treatment failure mechanisms. GERD confounders need to be considered in some patients, pH‐impedance can identify supragrastric belching, impedance‐manometry can diagnose rumination.ConclusionsErosive esophagitis on endoscopy and abnormal pH or pH‐impedance monitoring are the most appropriate methods to establish a diagnosis of GERD. Other tools may add useful complementary information.
Life‐course trajectories of body mass index and cardiovascular disease risks and health outcomes in adulthood: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kibret Kelemu Tilahun , Strugnell Claudia , Backholer Kathryn , Peeters Anna , Tegegne Teketo Kassaw , Nichols Melanie 
Published: January 2024

SummaryObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to assess the effect of life course body mass index (BMI) trajectories (childhood to adulthood) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and outcomes.MethodsProspective or retrospective cohort studies were identified that assessed the association of BMI trajectories with CVD risks and outcomes from databases published in English. The pooled effect sizes were estimated using a random‐effects model.FindingsSeventeen eligible studies were included in this systematic review. The results revealed that a persistently overweight trajectory from childhood to adulthood was associated with a higher risk of hypertension (RR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.9, 3.28) and type 2 diabetes (RR: 4.62; 95% CI: 2.36, 9.04) compared with a trajectory characterized by a normal BMI throughout both childhood and adulthood. Similarly, the risk of hypertension (RR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.70, 3.33) and type 2 diabetes (RR: 3.66; 95% CI: 2.57, 5.19) was higher in those with normal‐to‐overweight trajectory compared with participants with a stable normal weight trajectory.ConclusionThe findings suggest that lifetime BMI trajectories may be influential on health outcomes, and preventive strategies should be designed accordingly. Implementing appropriate preventive strategies at all life stages may reduce CVD risks and adverse outcomes later in life.
Parental Expenditures of Time and Money on Children in the U.S.
Authors: Gautham Leila , Folbre Nancy 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHow much do parents spend on children in the U.S.? While the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) regularly addresses this question, it considers only money expenditures, omitting the sizeable monetary value of parental time. The 2017 and 2019 Panel Study of Income Dynamics offers a unique opportunity to provide a more complete picture. Analysis of this data reveals considerable substitutability between unpaid and paid childcare and generates estimates of average total expenditures that include a replacement cost estimate of the value of parental time. These estimates, constructed for comparability with USDA measures, reveal both higher levels of average parental expenditure and different patterns across household structure and income. These findings challenge public policies that use USDA estimates as a reference point for setting the child support obligations of non‐custodial parents and reimbursement rates for foster care. They also undermine many conventional equivalence scales and measures of income/time poverty.