bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring knowledge, perceptions, and practices of antimicrobials, and their resistance among medicine dispensers and community members in Kavrepalanchok District of Nepal
Authors: Marasini Sabina , Sharma Sudim , Joshi Anjali , Kunwar Surakshya , Mahato Roshan Kumar , Shrestha Archana , Karmacharya Biraj 
Published: January 2024

Background
Inappropriate use of antimicrobials is a global public health issue, particularly in developing countries, including Nepal, where over-the-counter sales and self-medication of antimicrobials are common.

Objectives
To explore knowledge, perceptions, and practices of antimicrobials and their resistance among medicine dispensers and community members in Nepal.

Methods
The study was conducted in three rural and five urban municipalities of the Kavrepalanchok district from May 2021 to August 2021. Data were collected using two qualitative approaches: In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Data were analyzed using thematic analysis that combined deductive and inductive approaches to identify codes under pre-specified themes.

Results
A total of 16 In-depth interviews with medicine dispensers and 3 focus group discussions with community members were conducted. Knowledge regarding antimicrobial resistance varied among dispensers. Those with a prior educational background in pharmacy often had good knowledge about the causes and consequences of antimicrobial resistance. Meanwhile, consumers were less aware of antimicrobial resistance. Community members perceived antimicrobials as effective medicines but not long-term solution for treating diseases. They reported that dispensing without a prescription was common and that both consumers and dispensers were responsible for the inappropriate use of antimicrobials. On the contrary, several dispensers said that self-medication was common among the consumers, especially among more educated groups. The medicine dispensers and consumers expressed concerns about the weak enforcement of policies regarding pharmacy drug use and dispensing practices.

Conclusion
Promoting and strengthening the appropriate use of antimicrobials among medicine dispensers and community members is crucial. Bold policies and collective implementation of regulations could help combat antimicrobial resistance.
Construction of New Hadamard Matrix Forms to Generate 4X4 and 8X8 Involutory MDS Matrices over GF (2m) for Lightweight Cryptography
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Mishra P.R. , Gaur Atul , Mittal Gaurav 
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we present the construction of two Hadamard matrix forms over GF(2m) to generate 4×4 and 8×8 involutory MDS (IMDS) matrices. The first form provides a straightforward way to generate 4×4 IMDS matrices, while the second is an efficient way to generate 8×8 IMDS matrices using a hybrid (combination of search-based methods and direct construction) approach. In addition, we propose an algorithm for computing the branch number of any non-singular matrix over GF(2m) and improve its computational complexity for Hadamard matrices. Using this algorithm and the proposed Hadamard matrix form, we obtain 2k ×2k lightweight involutory and non-involutory Hadamard MDS matrices with low XOR counts for k=2,3. Finally, we carry out a comparative study based on the XOR count to demonstrate that MDS matrices created using our Hadamard matrix forms have lower XOR counts than MDS matrices available in the literature as of today.
Opponent choice in tournaments: winning and shirking
Authors: Hall Nicholas G. , Liu Zhixin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We propose an alternative design for tournaments that use a preliminary stage, followed by several rounds of single elimination play. The conventional “bracket” design of these tournaments suffers from several deficiencies. Specifically, various reasonable performance criteria for the tournament are not satisfied, there is an unnecessary element of luck in the matchups of players, and there are situations where players have an incentive to shirk. To address all these issues, we allow higher ranked players at the single elimination stage to choose their next opponent sequentially at each round. We allow each player’s ranking either to remain static, or to improve by beating a higher ranked player (Guyon, J. 2022. “Choose your opponent”: a new knockout design for hybrid tournaments. J. Sports Anal. 8: 9–29). Using data from 2215 men’s professional tennis tournaments from 1991 to 2017, we demonstrate the reasonableness of the results obtained. We also perform sensitivity analysis for the effect of increasing irregularity in the pairwise win probability matrix on three traditional performance measures. Finally, we consider strategic shirking behavior at both the individual and group levels, and show how our opponent choice design can mitigate such behavior. Overall, the opponent choice design provides higher probabilities that the best player wins and also that the two best players meet, and reduces shirking, compared to the conventional bracket design.
Overview of amorphous carbon memristor device, modeling, and applications for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Wu Jie , Yang Xuqi , Chen Jing , Li Shiyu , Zhou Tianchen , Cai Zhikuang , Lian Xiaojuan , Wang Lei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Carbon-based materials strongly pertain to citizens’ daily life due to their versatile derivatives such as diamond, graphite, fullerenes, carbon nanotube, single-layer graphene, and amorphous carbon (a-C). Compared to other families, a-C exhibits reconfigurable electrical properties by triggering its sp2–sp3 transition and vice versa, which can be readily fabricated by conventional film deposition technologies. For above reasons, a-C has been adopted as a promising memristive material and has given birth to several physical and theoretical prototypes. To further help researchers comprehend the physics behind a-C-based memristors and push forward their development, here we first reviewed the classification of a-C-based materials associated with their respective electrical and thermal properties. Subsequently, several a-C -based memristors with different architectures were presented, followed by their respective memristive principles. We also elucidated the state-of-the-art modeling strategies of a-C memristors, and their practical applications on neuromorphic fields were also described. The possible scenarios to further mitigate the physical performances of a-C memristors were eventually discussed, and their future prospect to rival with other memristors was also envisioned.
Variable heterotridentate ligands in Pt(ƞ3-X1C1X2)(PL) (X1,2 = N or S), Pt(ƞ3-X1N1Y1)(PL) (X, Y = O, C; C, S; or O, S) and Pt(ƞ3-S1B1S2)(PL), derivatives – structural aspects
Authors: Melník Milan , Žigrayová Dominika , Mikušová Veronika , Mikuš Peter 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This review covers 17 Pt(II) complexes of the compositions: Pt(ƞ3-N1C1N2)(PL), Pt(ƞ3-S1C1S2)(PL), Pt(ƞ3-S1B1S2)(PL), Pt(ƞ3-S1S2O1)(PL), Pt(ƞ3-O1N1C1)(PL), Pt(ƞ3-O1N1S1)(PL) and Pt(ƞ3-C1N1S1)(PL). These complexes crystallized in three crystal classes: monoclinic (8 examples), triclinic (8 examples) and orthorhombic (1 example). The heterotridentate ligands creates 5 + 5-membered metallocyclic rings (most common) and 5 + 6-membered. The heterotridentate ligands with monodentate P ligands build up a distorted square-planar geometry about Pt(II) atoms. The Pt–L and L–Pt–L were analyzed. The τ
4 parameter which indicate a degree of distortion growing in the sentence: 0.057 Pt(ƞ3-O1N1S1)(PL) < 0.066 Pt(ƞ3-S1C1S2)(PL) < 0.149 Pt(ƞ3-S1S2O1)(PL) < 0.158 Pt(ƞ3-O1N1C1)(PL) < 0.160 Pt(ƞ3-C1N1S1)(PL) < 0.162 Pt(ƞ3-S1B1S2)(PL) < 0.165 Pt(ƞ3-N1C1N2)(PL).
Intralingual translation in didactic practice: five case studies
Authors: Hill-Madsen Aage 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article is a qualitative study charting the dimensional range of a particular type of translative phenomenon, namely, intralingual translation within educational practice. Theoretically, the article is based on a broadened concept of translation that encompasses any kind of sign translation, including the transcending of a language-internal comprehension barrier, such as the one between scientific and lay linguistic registers. Further, the article assumes that such intralingual translation is conceptually identical with the interpretive procedures found in didactic practice, given that the central aim of (much) pedagogy is to make sense of new and unfamiliar knowledge – typically embedded in abstract, scientific concepts – to learners. The article also draws on the Bakhtinian concept of “dialogized heteroglossia,” i.e., the view that different language varieties may be fused into, and brought into dialogue with each other within, one and the same text. Empirically, the article investigates intralingual translation in didactic practice through analyses of textbooks and one classroom lecture in five different academic disciplines, spanning both the natural and social sciences and the humanities. The analyses identify a handful of different translational strategies, some of which are shared across several disciplines, and others of which are unique to a single discipline only.
Effect of Pre-exercise Sodium Citrate Ingestion on Repeated Sprint Performance in Soccer Players
Authors: Kuru Dilara , Aktitiz Selin , Atakan Muhammed M. , Köse Mehmet G. , Turnagöl Hüseyin H. , Koşar Şükran N. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Kuru, D, Aktitiz, S, Atakan, MM, Köse, MG, Turnagöl, HH, and Koşar, ŞN. Effect of pre-exercise sodium citrate ingestion on repeated sprint performance in soccer players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—This study aimed to test the hypothesis that sodium citrate (CIT) administered 180 minutes before exercise improves repeated sprint performance in athletes within a field-based setting. Twenty male soccer players (mean ± SD: age = 20.9 ± 2.3 years; body mass [BM] = 73.8 ± 5.9 kg) performed a running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST) with 0.5 g·kg−1 BM of CIT or with placebo (PLC; NaCl) ingestion 180 minutes before exercise in a randomized, crossover, and double-blind design, with at least 6 days between the trials. Blood samples were collected before exercise and at first, third, fifth, and seventh minutes after exercise to analyze blood pH, bicarbonate, and lactate levels. Gastrointestinal symptoms were also monitored at 30-minute intervals for 180 minutes after CIT and PLC ingestion. Pre-exercise blood pH (CIT = 7.49 ± 0.03 vs. PLC = 7.41 ± 0.02) and bicarbonate (CIT = 30.57 ± 1.33 vs. PLC = 25.25 ± 1.52) increased with CIT compared with PLC (p < 0.001). Blood pH, bicarbonate, and lactate at the first, third, fifth, and seventh minutes after RAST with CIT were higher than PLC (p < 0.05), except for lactate at first minute (p > 0.05). Compared with PLC, CIT ingestion significantly improved minimum power output (p = 0.024) and percentage decrement score (p = 0.023). Gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly higher after CIT ingestion vs. PLC at 30th (p = 0.003) and 60th minutes (p = 0.010). However, there were no significant differences at 90th, 120th, 150th, or 180th minutes (p > 0.05). The ingestion of 0.5 g·kg−1 BM of CIT 180 minutes before exercise is an effective ergogenic aid for improving repeated sprint ability as evidenced by improvements in minimum power output and percentage decrement score.
Measurements of Arterial Occlusion Pressure Using Hand-Held Devices
Authors: Vehrs Pat R. , Richards Shay , Allen Josh , Barrett Rachel , Blazzard Chase , Burbank Tyler , Hart Hannah , Kasper Nicole , Lacey Ryan , Lopez Daniela , Fellingham Gilbert W. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Vehrs, PR, Reynolds, S, Allen, J, Barrett, R, Blazzard, C, Burbank, T, Hart, H, Kasper, N, Lacey, R, Lopez, D, and Fellingham, GW. Measurements of arterial occlusion pressure using hand-held devices. J Strength Cond Res 38(5): 873–880, 2024—Arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) of the brachial artery was measured simultaneously using Doppler ultrasound (US), a hand-held Doppler (HHDOP), and a pulse oximeter (PO) in the dominant (DOM) and nondominant (NDOM) arms of males (n = 21) and females (n = 23) using continuous (CONT) and incremental (INCR) cuff inflation protocols. A mixed-model analysis of variance revealed significant (p < 0.05) overall main effects between AOP measured using a CONT (115.7 ± 10.9) or INCR (115.0 ± 11.5) cuff inflation protocol; between AOP measured using US (116.3 ± 11.2), HHDOP (115.4 ± 11.2), and PO (114.4 ± 11.2); and between males (120.7 ± 10.6) and females (110.5 ± 9.4). The small overall difference (1.81 ± 3.3) between US and PO measures of AOP was significant (p < 0.05), but the differences between US and HHDOP and between HHDOP and PO measures of AOP were not significant. There were no overall differences in AOP between the DOM and NDOM arms. Trial-to-trial variance in US measurements of AOP was not significant when using either cuff inflation protocol but was significant when using HHDOP and PO and a CONT cuff inflation protocol. Bland-Altman plots revealed reasonable limits of agreement for both HHDOP and PO measures of AOP. The small differences in US, HHDOP, and PO measurements of AOP when using CONT or INCR cuff inflation protocols are of minimal practical importance. The choice of cuff inflation protocol is one of personal preference. Hand-held Doppler of PO can be used to assess AOP before using blood flow restriction during exercise.
Bonded Interface Shear Performance of a Double-Layer Asphalt Mixture Based on DIC Technology
Authors: Wei Weiwei , Cui Yanan , Zhang Shuyan , Zhou Jun , Zhang Qiang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
To study the effect of water and salt erosion on the bonded interface shear performance of a double-layer asphalt mixture (DLAM), an inclined shear test was conducted on a DLAM using a tack coat as the bonded interface between simulated old asphalt pavement (AC-16) and overlay (SMA-13). First, the inclined shear test of the DLAM before and after freeze–thaw (F–T) cycles was conducted. Second, the digital image correlation (DIC) technique was used to calculate the deformation field to divide the failure of the specimen into meso- and macrocracks and analyze them. According to the results of this study, the shear failure of DLAM under F–T cycles consisted of two stages. In the first stage (three cycles), the interface shear properties decreased due to ice expansion load. In the second stage (after three cycles), the interface shear performance deteriorated, and chlorine salts accelerated the interlayer failure due to the interface debonding of asphalt and aggregate under the combined action of water/salt and vehicle load. The damage factor defined on the basis of the statistical analysis of the strain field by DIC could reflect the deformation of the bonded interface in real time. The damage factor evolution curve was used to compare the interface damage degree caused by water and salt erosion. A method for judging the crack initiation area of mesocracks was proposed by DIC technology, and the correctness of the appearance position of the interface crack was verified by calculation.
Study on the Influence of Matrix on Mechanical and Failure Characteristics of Miscellaneous Fill
Authors: Chen Yu , Qu Xiao , Zhang Fuhai , Liu Zhengrong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The matrix has a great influence on the mechanical and failure characteristics of the miscellaneous fill. Based on the laboratory medium-sized triaxial test, the confining pressure tests of 100, 200, and 400 kPa were carried out on the miscellaneous fill under three kinds of matrix with block stone content of 30 %, and the influence of the matrix on the mechanical properties of miscellaneous fill was analyzed. A biaxial test with a confining pressure of 200 kPa was carried out on three kinds of matrix miscellaneous fill samples using the particle flow method, and the influence of miscellaneous fill on the failure characteristics was studied. The test results show that the relation curve of the miscellaneous fill (σ1–σ3)∼εa can be considered as a hyperbola. The miscellaneous fill whose matrix is clay and silty soil always shows shear shrinkage. When the confining pressure is 100 kPa, the miscellaneous fill in the sandy soil matrix shows the property of shrinkage first and then dilatancy. When the confining pressure is 200 kPa and 400 kPa, it shows shear shrinkage. Through numerical simulation, it is found that when the matrix is clay, the shear zone is obvious and the shear failure surface is stable. When the matrix is silty soil, the contact cracks become thinner and the shear bands increase. When the matrix is sandy soil, compared with clay matrix, the overall crack is finer and the shear fracture surface is irregularly distributed.
Optometric Care of the Patient with Diabetes
Authors: Hudson Chris , Leong Dianna , Loewen Erin , MacDonald Derek , Machmer Angie , Mandadakis Ken , Smit Henry , Teliani Nohad , Tousignant Benoit 
Published: January 2024

The Canadian Association of Optometrists (CAO) is the national voice of optometry and is dedicated to collaboratively advancing the highest standard of primary eye care through the promotion of optimal vision and eye health, in partnership with all Canadians.
Optometrists are the front line of eye health and vision care. They are experts in primary eye care and are well-positioned to help combat the vision related complications of diabetes.
CAO assembled the Diabetes Guidelines Working Group to create national guidelines on the clinical management of diabetes mellitus in an effort to further educate Canadian optometrists and assist them in the management of this chronic disease. The Working Group consists of optometrists from private practice, research and academia, chosen on the basis of their expertise, experience and representation from across Canada.
Corporeality: from the Figure to the Text Structure (O. Tokarczuk's Flights)
Authors: Skikaitė Izabelė 
Published: January 2024

Olga Tokarczuk’s fragmented novel Flights (Bieguni, 2007) encompasses various genres and themes that distinguish corporeality. Its analysis reveals how a corporeal isotopy of the content plane explains the expression plane, i.e., the novel’s composition. Therefore, this article contributes to the marginally explored research field in the semiotics of literature – the interaction between content semantics and poetics. In the novel, not only can various forms of the human body be found – such as bodies engaged in different modes of travel, sick bodies, and body specimens – but also contrasting corporeal ideologies that elucidate the connection between different fragments of the book. The article describes the novel‘s characters – pilgrims, runaways, and anatomists – and their relationship with movement and the body, revealing their worldview. Moreover, it solves the problem of matching the opposite conceptions of the body, the phenomenological and the mechanical, and addresses how the opposing characters’ attitudes can be integrated into the text’s semantic universe. The axiology of the protagonists is expressed by the category of integrity/disintegration. This, along with the corporeal relationships that repeat in different stories, discloses that Tokarczuk’s text functions as a particular body. Furthermore, it suggests a specific conception of the literary text.
СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВО РЕГИОНОВ КАК ФАКТОР РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ НЕРАВЕНСТВ: КАЧЕСТВЕННЫЙ И КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННЫЙ ПОДХОД
Authors: Гусейнова Ксения Эльдаровна 
Published: January 2024

Целью исследования является оценка состояния социального пространства регионов в контексте регулирования социальных неравенств.
Методология и методы. В статье представлены результаты поискового исследования с использованием качественного и количественного видов анализа. В качестве эмпирической базы были использованы данные рейтингов Фонда «Петербургская политика» за 2019 и 2021–22 года, а также результаты массового опроса (грант РНФ (№19-18-00345)), проведенного в 12 регионах России. В качестве единого анализа выступили основные события социально-политической жизни регионов, несущих в себе как положительную, так и отрицательную коннотацию. Анализ состояния социального пространства регионов осуществлялся по двум направлениям: посредством оценки состояния дел в 32 жизненно важных сферах общественной жизни и отбора основных социально-политических событий в регионах.
Результаты исследования. Данные, полученные в ходе исследования, частично подтвердили гипотезу о наличии связи между теми сферами жизни, которые оцениваются населением наиболее позитивно или, наоборот, негативно и их частичным либо полным совпадением с основными социально-политическими событиями в этих регионах. В условиях имеющихся социально-экономических и социокультурных неравенств события социально-политической жизни регионов являются отражением, а порой и следствием нерешенных проблем. Деятельность органов власти и управления, направленная на их решение, не всегда оказывается эффективной. В результате вместо регулирования социального неравенства происходит его усиление, что в свою очередь может привести к росту социальной дистанции между властью и обществом, потере обратной связи и росту недовольства со стороны населения. Подобные процессы могут оказывать определенное воздействие на организацию социального пространства, его границы и возможности.
РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ КАК ПРОЦЕСС И РЕЗУЛЬТАТ В СОЦИОЛОГИИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ
Authors: Демьяненко Василий Иванович 
Published: January 2024

Целью статьи является анализ научно-практической литературы, изучающей организацию совместной деятельности, направленной на региональное развитие.
Методологическую базу составили актуальные научные и практические работы, исследующие и раскрывающие процессы управления развитием территориальных образований, сообществ. Были использованы методы концептуального (описывающего ключевые идеи и термины в предметной области) и сравнительного (выявляющего общие черты и тенденции в исследовательской литературе) анализа.
Результаты исследования. Установлено, что в современном дискурсе территориальные общности рассматриваются в рамках регионального подхода как социокультурные пространства в соотношении частного с общим. Ключевые научно-практические дискуссии относительно управления регионами сосредоточены в рамках двух дихотомий — универсально-уникальной и естественно-искусственной. Термин «региональное развитие» имеет устоявшееся описание процесса и результата. Рассмотрены подходы к мониторингу регионального развития как инструмента практического управления и методологического инструментария ученого.
Перспективы исследования заключаются в разработке методологического инструментария для проведения эмпирических исследований, научно-обосновывающих подходы к организации совместной деятельности (программы, проекты, механизмы взаимодействия, практики вовлечения и т. п.), направленной на развитие регионов.
ДИАСПОРЫ В СУБЪЕКТНОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ РОССИЙСКОЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ РОСТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)
Authors: Бедрик Андрей Владимирович , Чикарова Галина Игоревна 
Published: January 2024

Цель исследования заключается в выявлении субъектного профиля гражданской вектора государственной национальной политики на региональном уровне, а также в определении индикаторов и уровня социальной субъектности диаспорных гражданских институций Ростовской области.
Методы исследования. Исследование основано на неоинституциональной методологии, а также теоретических положениях теории социального капитала и теории социальных симулякров. Эмпирической базой исследования послужили результаты социологического опроса, а также результаты глубинных интервью.
Результаты исследования. Выявлен существенный институциональный потенциал диаспорных сообществ и целый ряд рисков, препятствующих полноценной реализации приоритетов государственной национальной политики в РФ. Исследованы диаспоры в контексте российской национальной политики в Ростовской области. Осуществлена типология диаспорных гражданских институтов.
Перспективы исследования. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при планировании мероприятий государственной национальной политики на предстоящий исторический период в условиях подготовки к 2025 году новой редакции Стратегии государственной национальной политики России.