bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Political time in public bureaucracies: Explaining variation of structural duration in European governments
Authors: Fleischer Julia , Bezes Philippe , Yesilkagit Kutsal 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStructural duration conveys stability but also resilience in central government and is therefore a key issue in the debate on the structure and organization of government. This paper discusses three core variants of structural duration to study the explanatory relevance of politics. We compare these durations across ministerial units in four European democracies (Germany, France, The Netherlands, and Norway) from 1980 to 2013, totaling over 17,000 units. Our empirical analyses show that cabinets' ideological turnover and extremism are the most significant predictors of all variants of duration, whereas polarization in parliament as well as new prime ministers without office experience yield the predicted significant negative effects for most models. We discuss these findings and avenues for future research that acknowledge the definition and measures for structural change as well as temporal aspects of the empirical phenomenon more explicitly.
Revealing the energy paradox: Assessing the asymmetric impact of pandemic uncertainty on consumption of renewable and nonrenewable energy
Authors: Lin Tsung‐Xian , Lin Tsung‐Te , Ali Sajid , Nazar Raima , Anser Muhammad Khalid 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUncertainties have grown around the world during the last few decades. Pandemic uncertainty has a substantial impact on economic activities, which may have a big influence on energy consumption. The goal of this investigation is to appraise the asymmetric influence of pandemic uncertainty on nonrenewable and renewable energy consumption in the top 10 energy consumer economies of the European Union (Germany, Poland, Spain, Netherlands, France, Italy, Belgium, Sweden, Czech Republic, and Finland). Previously, panel data approaches were utilized to obtain reliable outcomes on the pandemic‐energy consumption nexus, regardless of the fact that various nations did not autonomously exhibit similar relationship. This investigation, on the other hand, implements a special technique “Quantile‐on‐Quantile” that supports us to appraise time‐series interdependence in each economy by providing international yet nation‐specific perceptions of the connection among the variables. Estimates show that pandemic uncertainty reduces both nonrenewable and renewable energy consumption in most selected nations at stated quantiles of the data distribution. Nonrenewable energy consumption is much more influenced by pandemic uncertainty than renewable energy consumption. Furthermore, the rank of asymmetries across our variables differentiates by the economy, emphasizing the need for decisionmakers to pay much attention to pandemics‐related uncertainty and the energy sector.
Narratives and Self‐Reflective Process of Lifestyle Migrants: The Quest for the “Good Life”*
Authors: Sagner‐Tapia Johanna , Matarrita Cascante David , Zunino Hugo Marcelo , Tijmes‐Ihl Jaime 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article analyses the self‐reflective process and narratives of 12 lifestyle migrants who settled between 1990 and 2010 in a rural Andean community in southern Chile. The results show that the time of their arrival and the migrants' life stages were relevant in their reflective process regarding belongingness to the local community and other migrants, the search for an ontological sense and a critical perspective into how their migration affected rurality. The article discusses how rural fantasies and dissatisfaction with modern urban life are central elements in constructing a self and we‐image, as well as a compass that enables them to integrate into the rural community while becoming increasingly aware of how their presence inevitably changes rurality.
Spatiotemporal propagation of a time‐periodic reaction–diffusion SI epidemic model with treatment
Authors: Wang Shuang‐Ming , Zhang Liang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis work is concerned with the spatiotemporal propagation phenomena for a time‐periodic reaction‐diffusion susceptible‐infectious (SI) epidemic model with treatment in terms of the asymptotic speed of spread and periodic traveling waves. First, the asymptotic speed of spread is characterized and the spreading properties of the model are analyzed by combining the periodic principal eigenvalue problem, comparison method, and the uniform persistence idea for a dynamical system. Second, by constructing suitable super‐ and subsolutions for truncation problems corresponding to the traveling wave system, the existence of periodic traveling waves is established via the fixed point theorem twice. It turned out that the asymptotic speed of spread coincides with the minimum wave speed of periodic traveling waves. Finally, via numerical simulation, the effects of some important parameters (such as diffusion rate, treatment rate, etc.) on the spreading speed are discussed, and the asymptotic properties of the periodic traveling waves are explored.
Effect of movement‐evoked and tonic experimental pain on muscle force production
Authors: Cabral Hélio V. , Devecchi Valter , Oxendale Chelsea , Jenkinson Ned , Falla Deborah , Gallina Alessio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionWhen performing an exercise or a functional test, pain that is evoked by movement or muscle contraction could be a stronger stimulus for changing how individuals move compared to tonic pain. We investigated whether the decrease in muscle force production is larger when experimentally‐induced knee pain is directly associated to the torque produced (movement‐evoked) compared to a constant painful stimulation (tonic).MethodsTwenty‐one participants performed three isometric knee extension maximal voluntary contractions without pain (baseline), during pain, and after pain. Knee pain was induced using sinusoidal electrical stimuli at 10 Hz over the infrapatellar fat pad, applied continuously or modulated proportionally to the knee extension torque. Peak torque and contraction duration were averaged across repetitions and normalized to baseline.ResultsDuring tonic pain, participants reported lower pain intensity during the contraction than at rest (p < 0.001), whereas pain intensity increased with contraction during movement‐evoked pain (p < 0.001). Knee extension torque decreased during both pain conditions (p < 0.001), but a larger reduction was observed during movement‐evoked compared to tonic pain (p < 0.001). Participants produced torque for longer during tonic compared to movement‐evoked pain (p = 0.005).ConclusionOur results indicate that movement‐evoked pain was a more potent stimulus to reduce knee extension torque than tonic pain. The longer contraction time observed during tonic pain may be a result of a lower perceived pain intensity during muscle contraction. Overall, our results suggest different motor adaptation to tonic and movement‐evoked pain and support the notion that motor adaptation to pain is a purposeful strategy to limit pain. This mechanistic evidence suggests that individuals experiencing prevalently tonic or movement‐evoked pain may exhibit different motor adaptations, which may be important for exercise prescription.
The Dynamicist Landscape
Authors: Barack David L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe dynamical hypothesis states that cognitive systems are dynamical systems. While dynamical systems play an important role in many cognitive phenomena, the dynamical hypothesis as stated applies to every system and so fails both to specify what makes cognitive systems distinct and to distinguish between proposals regarding the nature of cognitive systems. To avoid this problem, I distinguish several different types of dynamical systems, outlining four dimensions along which dynamical systems can vary: total‐state versus partial‐state, internal versus external, macroscopic versus microscopic, and systemic versus componential, and illustrate these with examples. I conclude with two illustrations of partial‐state, internal, microscopic, componential dynamicism.
Hshouma: Corps et sexualité au Maroc (Shame: Body and Sexuality in Morocco)
Authors: Talley Gwyneth , Fasiki Zainab 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis Dialogues contribution reviews the work Hshouma: Corps et Sexualité au Maroc (Hshouma: Body and Sexuality in Morocco) by Zainab Fasiki and includes an interview of the author. Hshouma is a graphic novel comic book that has received great acclaim for its direct confrontation of shame and taboos in Morocco. However, the book and the author have also received a lot of criticism for Fasiki's use of nudity and her secular approach. What follows is background of the author and discussion of the word hshouma, a review of the work, and a transcription of the May 2022 interview.
Exacerbated impairments in neuromuscular function when two bouts of team sport match simulations are separated by 48 h
Authors: Hubbard Joseph , Pitcairn Jade , Brownstein Callum G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntermittent team sports, involving high metabolic and mechanical demands, elicit prolonged impairments in neuromuscular function which persist for ∼48–72 h. Whether impairments in neuromuscular function are exacerbated when such exercise is repeated with incomplete recovery is unknown. This study assessed the neuromuscular, heart rate and metabolic responses to two bouts of ∼90 min modified team sport match simulations separated by 48 h in 12 competitive football players. Before and 2 min after both bouts, knee extensor isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), contractile function (Qtw,pot) and voluntary activation (VA) were measured. Heart rate (HR), sprint time, blood lactate and glucose were measured throughout both bouts. MVC was reduced relative to baseline at post‐bout 1 (21 ± 12%; P = 0.003) and pre‐bout 2 (14 ± 11%; P = 0.009), and was lower post‐bout 2 (33 ± 14%; P < 0.001) relative to post‐bout 1 (P = 0.036). Qtw,pot was reduced post‐bout 1 (30 ± 11%; P < 0.001) and pre‐bout 2 (9 ± 6%; P = 0.004), and was not different post‐bout 2 (28 ± 8%; P < 0.001) relative to post‐bout 1 (P = 0.872). VA was reduced post‐bout 1 (8 ± 7%; P = 0.023), recovered pre‐bout 2 (P = 0.133) and was lower post‐bout 2 (16 ± 7%; P < 0.001) relative to post‐bout 1 (P = 0.029). Total sprint time was longer, and HR, blood lactate and glucose were lower during bout 2 than bout 1 (P ≤ 0.021). Thus, impairments in neuromuscular function are exacerbated when high‐intensity intermittent exercise is performed with incomplete recovery concurrent with accentuated reductions in VA. The lower blood lactate and glucose during the second bout might be due, at least in part, to reduced glycogen availability upon commencing exercise and consequently a greater reliance on glucose extraction.
Numerical Investigation of the Interaction of a Circumferential Groove Casing Treatment and Near-Tip Modifications for a Highly Loaded Low-Speed Rotor Under the Influence of Double Leakage
Authors: Eckel Jannik , Reisinger Lukas , von Jeinsen Philipp , Gümmer Volker 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Eckel et al. (2023, “Numerical Investigation of Near-Tip Modifications for a Highly Loaded Low-Speed Rotor Under the Influence of Double Leakage,” ASME J. Turbomach., 145(4), p. 041003) proposed using a convex-profiled pressure side region close to the tip, known as belly, as an effective method of extending the operating range of low-speed axial compressor rotors. In the literature, circumferential grooves are another well-described technique for improving the stable working range of a compressor rotor. No research has been conducted to date to determine which modification is more effective and how they interact when used together. This paper numerically investigates the influence of circumferential casing grooves and near-tip modifications on the flow field in the tip region of a highly loaded, low-speed axial compressor rotor. The simulated rotor consists of a hybrid blade configuration with a tandem profile in the mid-span region and single blade profiles near the endwalls. The single blade profile close to the tip features three different convex-profiled elements, which differ in their respective thicknesses. The aim of the numerical analysis is to explain the interaction of the secondary flow phenomena when applying the circumferential grooves and the belly geometries. For this purpose, eight different axial positions of the circumferential groove are investigated for each of the three belly configurations. These are arranged in 10% increments from −7% to 63% along the axial rotor tip chord. The potential of the concept is evaluated by a numerical investigation in the 1.5-stage setup with an inlet guide vane and tandem stator. It is shown that a circumferential groove can further increase the operating range for all belly configurations when positioned axially correctly. In this respect, equalization of the near-casing deceleration in the circumferential direction leads to an extension of the stall margin with both modifications. Concentrated regions of low-momentum fluid with a large extent in the radial direction should be avoided consequently. A tip vortex stability factor is introduced to quantitatively evaluate this effect. The operating range can thus already be estimated in a first approximation at the design point. In general, the groove and belly should be positioned where the tip leakage vortex meets the pressure side of the adjacent blade. If the groove is used together with the belly, the leading edge of the former should be situated at the location of maximum thickness of the near-tip modification. The effects of the circumferential groove and the belly are then superimposed. If using only one modification, the belly appears better suited for ensuring an extension of the operating range while maintaining high efficiencies.
BIGNet: A Deep Learning Architecture for Brand Recognition with Geometry-Based Explainability
Authors: Chen Yu-hsuan , Kara Levent Burak , Cagan Jonathan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Incorporating style-related objectives into shape design has been centrally important to maximize product appeal. However, algorithmic style capture and reuse have not fully benefited from automated data-driven methodologies due to the challenging nature of design describability. This paper proposes an AI-driven method to fully automate the discovery of brand-related features. First, to tackle the scarcity of vectorized product images, this research proposes two data acquisition workflows: parametric modeling from small curve-based datasets, and vectorization from large pixel-based datasets. Second, this study constructs BIGNet, a two-tier Brand Identification Graph Neural Network, to learn from both scalar vector graphics’ curve-level and chunk-level parameters. In the first case study, BIGNet not only classifies phone brands but also captures brand-related features across multiple scales, such as lens’ location, as confirmed by AI evaluation. In the second study, this paper showcases the generalizability of BIGNet learning from a vectorized car image dataset and validates the consistency and robustness of its predictions given four scenarios. The results match the difference commonly observed in luxury versus economy brands in the automobile market. Finally, this paper also visualizes the activation maps generated from a convolutional neural network and shows BIGNet’s advantage of being a more explainable style-capturing agent.
Candida auris
—macrophage cellular interactions and transcriptional response
Authors: Miramón Pedro , Pountain Andrew W. , Lorenz Michael C. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

The pathogenic yeast
Candida auris
represents a global threat of the utmost clinical relevance. This emerging fungal species is remarkable in its resistance to commonly used antifungal agents and its persistence in the nosocomial settings. The innate immune system is one the first lines of defense preventing the dissemination of pathogens in the host.
C. auris
is susceptible to circulating phagocytes, and understanding the molecular details of these interactions may suggest routes to improved therapies. In this work, we examined the interactions of this yeast with macrophages. We found that macrophages avidly phagocytose
C. auris
; however, intracellular replication is not inhibited, indicating that
C. auris
resists the killing mechanisms imposed by the phagocyte. Unlike
Candida albicans
, phagocytosis of
C. auris
does not induce macrophage lysis. The transcriptional response of
C. auris
to macrophage phagocytosis is very similar to other members of the CUG clade (
C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. lusitaniae
), i.e., downregulation of transcription/translation and upregulation of alternative carbon metabolism pathways, transporters, and induction of oxidative stress response and proteolysis. Gene family expansions are common in this yeast, and we found that many of these genes are induced in response to macrophage co-incubation. Among these, amino acid and oligopeptide transporters, as well as lipases and proteases, are upregulated. Thus,
C. auris
shares key transcriptional signatures shared with other fungal pathogens and capitalizes on the expansion of gene families coding for potential virulence attributes that allow its survival, persistence, and evasion of the innate immune system.
The deleterious effects of maternal protein deprivation on the brainstem are minimized with moderate physical activity by offspring during early life
Authors: Bernardo Elenilson Maximino , Pedroza Anderson Apolônio da Silva , Ferreira Diorginis José Soares , de Andrade Severina Cassia , Rozendo Allifer , Fernandes Matheus Santos de Sousa , Silva Tercya Lucidi , Fernandes Mariana Pinheiro , Lagranha Claudia J. 
Published: October 2023

Maternal protein malnutrition during developmental periods might impair the redox state and the brain’s excitatory/inhibitory neural network, increasing central sympathetic tone. Conversely, moderate physical exercise at an early age reduces the risk of chronic diseases. Thus, we hypothesized that a moderate training protocol could reduce the harmful effects of a low-protein maternal diet on the brainstem of young male offspring. We used a rat model of maternal protein restriction during the gestational and lactation period followed by an offspring’s continuous treadmill exercise. Pregnant rats were divided into two groups according to the protein content in the diet: normoprotein (NP), receiving 17% of casein, and low protein (LP), receiving 8% of casein until the end of lactation. At 30 days of age, the male offspring were further subdivided into sedentary (NP-Sed and LP-Sed) or exercised (NP-Ex and LP-Ex) groups. Treadmill exercise was performed as follows: 4 weeks, 5 days/week, 60 min/day at 50% of maximal running capacity. The trained animals performed a treadmill exercise at 50% of the maximal running capacity, 60 min/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks. Our results indicate that a low-protein diet promotes deficits in the antioxidant system and a likely mitochondrial uncoupling. On the other hand, physical exercise restores the redox balance, which leads to decreased oxidative stress caused by the diet. In addition, it also promotes benefits to GABAergic inhibitory signaling. We conclude that regular moderate physical exercise performed in youthhood protects the brainstem against changes induced by maternal protein restriction.
Robust Collaborative Filtering to Popularity Distribution Shift
Authors: Zhang An , Ma Wenchang , Zheng Jingnan , Wang Xiang , Chua Tat-Seng 
Published: October 2023

In leading collaborative filtering (CF) models, representations of users and items are prone to learn popularity bias in the training data as shortcuts. The popularity shortcut tricks are good for in-distribution (ID) performance but poorly generalized to out-of-distribution (OOD) data, i.e., when popularity distribution of test data shifts w.r.t. the training one. To close the gap, debiasing strategies try to assess the shortcut degrees and mitigate them from the representations. However, there exist two deficiencies: (1) when measuring the shortcut degrees, most strategies only use statistical metrics on a single aspect (i.e., item frequency on item and user frequency on user aspect), failing to accommodate the compositional degree of a user–item pair; (2) when mitigating shortcuts, many strategies assume that the test distribution is known in advance. This results in low-quality debiased representations. Worse still, these strategies achieve OOD generalizability with a sacrifice on ID performance.

In this work, we present a simple yet effective debiasing strategy,
PopGo
, which quantifies and reduces the interaction-wise popularity shortcut without any assumptions on the test data. It first learns a shortcut model, which yields a shortcut degree of a user–item pair based on their popularity representations. Then, it trains the CF model by adjusting the predictions with the interaction-wise shortcut degrees. By taking both causal- and information-theoretical looks at PopGo, we can justify why it encourages the CF model to capture the critical popularity-agnostic features while leaving the spurious popularity-relevant patterns out. We use PopGo to debias two high-performing CF models (matrix factorization [
28
] and LightGCN [
19
]) on four benchmark datasets. On both ID and OOD test sets, PopGo achieves significant gains over the state-of-the-art debiasing strategies (e.g., DICE [
71
] and MACR [
58
]). Codes and datasets are available at
https://github.com/anzhang314/PopGo
.
ПІДГОТОВКА СПЕЦІАЛІСТІВ ІЗ БІОЛОГІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ТА БІОЛОГІЧНОГО ЗАХИСТУ ЯК КЛЮЧОВА УМОВА ВІДПОВІДНИХ ДІЄВИХ ЗАХОДІВ
Authors: Величко М. В. , Андрейчин М. А. 
Published: October 2023

Наведено основні докази украй важливого значення біологічної безпеки та захисту в збереженні благополуччя країни, особливо в умовах війни. Різним аспектам вирішення цієї проблеми присвячено численні праці українських і зарубіжних учених.
Метою роботи було проаналізувати важливі рішення органів центральної влади України щодо здійснення заходів із біологічної безпеки і біологічного захисту держави та обґрунтувати необхідність підготовки відповідних спеціалістів.
Результати вивчення відповідних законів України, рішень Кабінету Міністрів і Ради національної безпеки та оборони, у тому числі Стратегії забезпечення біологічної безпеки та біологічного захисту на період до 2025 року, свідчать, що вони загалом регулюють медико-біологічну діяльність у цьому напрямку. Водночас, на думку авторів статті, необхідно започаткувати нову спеціальність з метою підготовки фахівців для протидії загрозам біологічного характеру та відкрити її паспорт.
The Consequences of the Faulty Transmission of Sefer Tagin
Authors: Michaels Marc 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Scribes are encouraged to maintain the tradition concerning the decorative tagin (tittles) and “strange” letter forms that adorn nearly two thousand letters in the Torah. Yet this tradition, detailed in Sefer Tagin, was relatively rarely followed and has all but died out in modern times. This article examines the faulty transmission of this Masoretic manual for sofrim (scribes) through core, compiled, and partial sources. It assesses the likely negative impact of its deployment through diversity caused by the transition to paraša format, error and innovation, and combination with other scribal rules.