bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method for the isolation of glomerular and tubulointerstitial endothelial cells and a comparison of characteristics with the human umbilical vein endothelial cell model
Authors: MCGINN STELLA , PORONNIK PHILIP , GALLERY EILEEN DM , POLLOCK CAROL A 
Published: September 2004

SUMMARY:Background:  Abnormalities in the structure and function of glomerular endothelial cells play a pivotal role in the development of progressive renal disease. The vascular abnormalities observed in the renal tubulointerstitium, however, correlate more strongly with progressive renal failure. Therefore, the successful isolation and culture of human renal microvascular endothelial cells from both the glomerulus and tubulointerstitium are paramount in studying renal disease models.Methods and Results:  This study describes a simple and reproducible method for the isolation of human tubulointerstitial and glomerular endothelial cells by using immunomagnetic separation with anti‐platelet endothelial‐cell adhesion (anti‐PECAM‐1) Dyna beads, followed by manual weeding of mesangial and fibroblast contamination. No significant changes in morphological or immunohistochemical characteristics were observed up to passage two of culture. The in vitro characteristics of the endothelial cells were compared to the renal cortical endothelial cells in vivo and the standard human umbilical vein endothelial cell model (HUVECs). Similar to HUVECs, both populations of renal microvascular endothelial cells had a classical cobblestone appearance, stained positively for von Willebrand Factor and PECAM‐1 and negatively for antifibroblast surface antigen and anticytokeratin. Differences in the expression of von Willebrand Factor, Wiebel Palade bodies and Flk‐1 staining were observed between glomerular and tubulointerstitial endothelial cells. These immunohistochemical characteristics suggested that tubulointerstital endothelial cells were more closely aligned to HUVECS than to the glomerular endothelial cells. This observation indicated that HUVECs may be a suitable model for determining the tubulointerstitial endothelial response to systemic injury.Conclusion:  In conclusion, a unique and novel method for the differential isolation of both glomerular and tubulointerstitial endothelial cells has been developed. Significantly, characterization of these populations suggests a role for HUVECS in the study of renal tubulointerstitial disease.
Determinants of native arteriovenous fistula blood flow
Authors: POLKINGHORNE KEVAN R , ATKINS ROBERT C , KERR PETER G 
Published: September 2004

SUMMARY:Background:  Determinants of native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) placement have been well studied. Little is known on whether these factors impact on subsequent blood flow (Qa) in the mature AVF.Methods:  Arteriovenous fistula Qa and cardiac index (CI) were determined by ultrasound dilution. Multiple linear regression was used to assess independent predictors of AVF Qa.Results:  Of the 148 patients available for the analysis, 68% were male, with 61% using a radiocephalic AVF. Aetiology of renal disease was: 38% glomerulonephritis (GN), 22% diabetes mellitus (DM), 9% hypertension/ischaemic (HTN) and 31% other. Thirty per cent had coronary artery disease (CAD), 10% cerebrovascular disease and 11% peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Median (iqr) Qa was 1185 mL/min (790–1650) and CI was 3.15 L/min per 1.73 m2 (2.60–3.93). On univariable analysis, log CI (0.98, P < 0.001), age (−0.1 per 10 years, P = 0.002), access position (upper vs lower 0.26, P = 0.003, PVD (−0.35, P = 0.015), CAD (−0.25, P = 0.008), and primary renal disease (DM vs GN, −0.35, P = 0.003, HTN vs GN, −0.34, P = 0.04) were associated with Qa. On multivariable analysis, CI (0.84, P < 0.001), access position (upper vs lower, 0.17, P = 0.018) and primary renal disease (DM vs GN, −0.26, P = 0.005, and HTN vs GN, −0.26, P = 0.038) remained significant predictors of AVF Qa.Conclusion:  Once established, CI, AVF position and primary renal disease (hypertension/ischaemic and diabetes) are the major determinants of AVF Qa while female gender, CAD, PVD and body mass index were not significant determinants of Qa in this cohort.
EFFICACY OF MAGNIFYING COLONOSCOPY FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF COLORECTAL NEOPLASIA: COMPARISON WITH HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS
Authors: Ohta Akihiko , Tominaga Kenji , Sakai Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2004

Background:  Some authors have reported a good correlation between the shape and arrangement in the oriﬁce of mucosal crypt (pit pattern) in the diagnosis of colorectal lesions and histopathological ﬁndings. However, there remains no good consensus on the deﬁnition of irregularity in conﬁgurations.Methods:  We studied 110 colorectal neoplasia of 110 cases that were examined using a magnifying colonoscope and resected endoscopically or surgically between 2001 and 2003. We divided the lesions into two groups according to Fujii's classiﬁcation as follows: type Non‐V showed type III or IV by Kudo's classiﬁcation and irregular pits not occurring in a demarcated area; and type V showed irregular pits, which occurred in a demarcated area in addition to type VN by Kudo. The diagnosis by this classiﬁcation correlated with the histopathological ﬁndings. We also addressed the causes of misdiagnosis in comparison with histopathological ﬁndings.Results:  The diagnostic accuracy for Non‐V and V was 95.1% and 82.1%, respectively. Lesions classiﬁed as V showed a signiﬁcant correlation. Histologically, carcinoma consisted of high‐grade atypia (P < 0.0001), an erosive change of surface epithelium (P < 0.0001) and the appearance of desmoplastic reactions (P = 0.002) in comparison with Non‐V. Misdiagnosis was likely due to differences in the grade of atypia between superﬁcial and deeper glands and explainable erosive changes on the surface, as well as simple misreading of the pit pattern.Conclusion:  Diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia by magnifying colonoscope using our classiﬁcation was useful for evaluating the depth of invasion and correlated well with histopathological ﬁndings.
Pricing Access to a Monopoly Input
Authors: Sibley David S. , Doane Michael J. , Williams Michael A. , Tsai Shu‐Yi 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWhat price should downstream entrants pay a vertically integrated incumbent monopoly for use of its assets? Courts, legislators, and regulators have at times mandated that incumbent monopolies lease assets required for the production of a retail service to entrants in efforts to increase the competitiveness of retail markets. This paper compares two rules for pricing such monopoly inputs: marginal cost pricing (MCP) and generalized efficient component pricing rule (GECPR). The GECPR is not a fixed price, but is a rule that determines the input price to be paid by the entrant from the entrant's retail price. Comparing the retail market equilibrium under MCP and GECPR, the GECPR leads to lower equilibrium retail prices. If the incumbent is less efficient than the entrant, the GECPR also leads to lower production costs than does the MCP rule. If the incumbent is more efficient than the entrant, however, conditions may exist in which MCP leads to lower production costs than does the GECPR. The analysis is carried out assuming either Bertrand competition, quantity competition, or monopolistic competition between the incumbent and entrant in the downstream market.
A Theory of Broadcast Media Concentration and Commercial Advertising
Authors: Cunningham Brendan M. , Alexander Peter J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe analyze a model in which the interaction of broadcasters, advertisers, and consumers determines the level of nonadvertising broadcasting produced and consumed. Our main finding is that an increase in concentration in broadcast media industries may lead to a decrease in the total amount of nonadvertising broadcasting. The strength of this inverse relationship depends, in part, on the behavioral response of the consumers to changes in advertising intensities. We also present a numerical general equilibrium solution to our model and demonstrate a positive relationship between consumer welfare and the number of firms in the broadcast industry.
Severance Payments and Unemployment Insurance: A Commitment Issue
Authors: Martin Richard , Mongrain Steeve , Parkinson Sean 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn the event of a job termination, many workers receive severance payments from their employer, in addition to publicly provided unemployment insurance (UI). In the absence of a third party enforcer, contracts featuring severance payments must be supported by an implicit self‐enforcing contract. Workers believe employers will make severance payments only if it is in their best interest ex post. If firms discount the future deeply, they will reduce the severance payment they offer, in order to relax their incentive constraint. Workers are forced to bear risk, and too many workers are laid off. We show that a well‐designed public UI system can correct these distortions.
Characterization of spindle cell component of ferret (Mustela putorius furo) adrenal cortical neoplasms – correlation to clinical parameters and prognosis
Authors: Newman S. J. , Bergman P. J. , Williams B. , Scase T. , Craft D. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAdrenal cortical epithelial tumours are common in ferrets. A variant tumour type with prominent spindle cell proliferation has been identified. We characterized these variant tumours with light microscopy and immunohistochemical analysis and correlate these features to clinical parameters and prognosis.We classified 24 ferret adrenal cortical masses with recognizable spindle cell proliferation obtained from the AMC and AFIP databases, based on percentage of spindle cells present and features of malignancy. These masses were separated into hyperplastic nodules and adenomas (both with 1–24% spindle cells), ‘mixed’ adenomas (≥25% spindle cells), adenocarcinomas (1–24%) and ‘mixed’ adenocarcinomas (≥25% spindle cells). Tumours were evaluated immunohistochemically for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and estrogen receptor (ER) expression. Disease‐free interval (DFI) and survival time (ST) were calculated using Kaplan–Meier product limit method.Of 24 cases of spindle cell variant adrenal tumours, one was a hyperplastic nodule, 10 were adenomas, three were ‘mixed’ adenomas, six were adenocarcinomas and four were ‘mixed’ adenocarcinomas. The proliferative spindle cell cytoplasm was SMA‐positive (smooth muscle myocyte origin). ER positivity, seen in nine of 24 cases, was restricted to adenocarcinomas, ‘mixed’ adenomas and ‘mixed’ adenocarcinomas. DFI and ST were significantly reduced in ‘mixed’ adenocarcinomas or tumours with ER expression. DFI was significantly reduced in tumours with marked smooth muscle.The spindle cell component of these variant adrenal tumours is smooth muscle in origin. The presence of abundant smooth muscle, a more malignant histologic grade (‘mixed’ adenocarcinomas) and ER expression are significantly positively correlated to both decreased DFI and decreased ST.
Metastatic synovial cell sarcoma in two cats
Authors: Liptak J. M. , Withrow S. J. , Macy D. W. , Frankel D. J. , Ehrhart E. J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSynovial cell sarcoma (SCS) with metastasis to the regional lymph node was diagnosed in two cats. Synovial cell sarcomas are rare in cats and metastatic SCS has not previously been reported. In both cases, treatment consisted of limb amputation and adjuvant doxorubicin. Local tumour recurrence and pulmonary metastases were diagnosed in one cat 316 days postoperatively. This cat died of chronic renal failure 444 days after limb amputation. The second cat died of an acute pulmonary thromboembolism 41 days postoperatively without evidence of local tumour recurrence or metastatic disease.
Washing away poverty: Water, democracy and gendered poverty eradication in South Africa
Authors: Schreiner Barbara , Mohapi Ndileka , Van Koppen Barbara 
Published: September 2004

Abstract This article discusses ways in which the South African Government and grassroots organizations envisage and implement democracy achieved since 1994 in the field of water resources management. The focus is on the democratic, political and economic freedom and equality in resource rights for poor black women, who are central to poverty eradication. While the new water policy and law provide an enabling framework for achieving these goals, implementation on the ground encounters both new opportunities and constraints. This is illustrated by several cases of establishing South Africa's new water management institutions: catchment management agencies and water user associations. The important nexus between state‐led democratization of water resources management and bottom‐up grassroots movements is also discussed. The article concludes that the Government's affirmative and targeted intervention is indispensable for redressing gender inequalities and eradicating poverty.
Correlation of peri‐implant health and myeloperoxidase levels: a cross‐sectional clinical study
Authors: Liskmann Stanislav , Zilmer Mihkel , Vihalemm Tiiu , Salum Olev , Fischer Krista 
Published: September 2004

AbstractObjectives: At present, there are no diagnostic tools that permit early detection of peri‐implantitis. The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to evaluate the correlation of myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels with traditional periodontal clinical parameters around dental implants including peri‐implant pocket probing depth (PPD), gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP), since MPO has been associated with destruction of periodontal tissues.Material and methods: Twenty‐four healthy adult volunteers (9 men and 15 women) with 64 Ankylos® Biofunctional implants (DentsplyFriadent, Mannheim, Germany) were recruited from Tallinn Dental Clinic. Biochemical and clinical parameters evaluated were the following ones: the level of MPO in the peri‐implant sulcus fluid (PISF) (an analog for gingival crevicular fluid in natural teeth), PPD (mm), GI (0,1,2 or 3), and BOP (0 or 1).Results and conclusion: In comparison to the clinically healthy implants, total amounts of MPO were significantly higher in PISF collected around implants with inflammatory lesions. In addition, the levels of MPO were correlated with the clinical parameters. The results confirm the similarity of the inflammatory response of tissues surrounding implants and natural teeth, and suggest that MPO could be promising marker of inflammation around dental implants.
Influence of transport stress on serum cortisol and thyroid hormones in pigs with Halothane gene
Authors: YOSHIOKA Gou , IMAEDA Noriaki , TORIMOTO Yasuo , OHTANI Tsuyoshi , HAYASHI Kunioki 
Published: September 2004

ABSTRACTThe influence of transport stress on rectal temperature, respiratory rate and serum concentrations of cortisol, thyroxine and triiodothyronine (T3) in normal pigs (NN) and in heterozygous (Nn) pigs with Halothane gene (n), a major gene that causes the pale, soft, exudative meat (PSE), were examined in a hot environment (32–34°C). Easily releasable myofilament content of Longissimus dorsi taken by needle biopsy was also measured as an index of myofibrillar disassembly. Rectal temperature and respiratory rate were significantly increased by the transport. However, the influence was higher (P < 0.01) in Nn pigs. Serum concentration of cortisol was increased (P < 0.01) by the transport despite the genotypes. Serum concentration of T3 was not changed by the transport in Nn pigs, whereas in NN pigs it was significantly decreased after the transport (P < 0.01). Easily releasable myofilament content after the transport was higher in Nn pigs than that of NN pigs (P < 0.05). These results suggest that response of thyroid function might relate to the stimulation of muscle proteolysis and PSE in Nn pigs under stressful conditions.
Defining T-Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Rotavirus-Infected Juvenile Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Sestak K. , McNeal M. M. , Choi A. , Cole M. J. , Ramesh G. , Alvarez X. , Aye P. P. , Bohm R. P. , Mohamadzadeh M. , Ward R. L. 
Published: September 2004

ABSTRACT

The appearance of virus-specific CD4
+
and/or CD8
+
T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of captive juvenile rhesus macaques (
Macaca mulatta
) was observed following rotavirus infection. These cell-mediated immune responses were measured following experimental or natural infection after rotavirus was isolated from stool specimens of asymptomatic animals. The virus isolated was a new strain of simian rotavirus that we named TUCH (for Tulane University and Cincinnati Children's Hospital). Restimulation of peripheral T lymphocytes by inactivated double- or triple-layered TUCH rotavirus particles containing either VP6 or VP4 and VP7 on their respective surfaces resulted in increased quantities of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-12 in cell culture supernatants. Recall responses to rotavirus by CD4
+
and CD8
+
T lymphocytes were associated with accumulation of intracellular IL-6 and gamma interferon. Antigen presentation of TUCH rotavirus to lymphocytes was mediated via differentiated cultures of monocyte-derived dendritic (HLA-DR
+
) cells. This is the first report demonstrating cell-mediated immune responses to rotavirus in nonhuman primates. Further exploration of rhesus macaques in vaccine trials with human rotavirus vaccine candidates is the major objective of future studies.
Increased Ubiquitination and Other Covariant Phenotypes Attributed to a Strain- and Temperature-Dependent Defect of Reovirus Core Protein μ2
Authors: Miller Cathy L. , Parker John S. L. , Dinoso Jason B. , Piggott Caroline D. S. , Perron Michel J. , Nibert Max L. 
Published: September 2004

ABSTRACT
Reovirus replication and assembly are thought to occur within cytoplasmic inclusion bodies, which we call viral factories. A strain-dependent difference in the morphology of these structures reflects more effective microtubule association by the μ2 core proteins of some viral strains, which form filamentous factories, than by those of others, which form globular factories. For this report, we identified and characterized another strain-dependent attribute of the factories, namely, the extent to which they colocalized with conjugated ubiquitin (cUb). Among 16 laboratory strains and field isolates, the extent of factory costaining for cUb paralleled factory morphology, with globular strains exhibiting higher levels by far. In reassortant viruses, factory costaining for cUb mapped primarily to the μ2-encoding M1 genome segment, although contributions by the λ3- and λ2-encoding L1 and L2 genome segments were also evident. Immunoprecipitations revealed that cells infected with globular strains contained higher levels of ubiquitinated μ2 (Ub-μ2). In M1-transfected cells, cUb commonly colocalized with aggregates formed by μ2 from globular strains but not with microtubules coated by μ2 from filamentous strains, and immunoprecipitations revealed that μ2 from globular strains displayed higher levels of Ub-μ2. Allelic changes at μ2 residue 208 determined these differences. Nocodazole treatment of cells infected with filamentous strains resulted in globular factories that still showed low levels of costaining for cUb, indicating that higher levels of costaining were not a direct result of decreased microtubule association. The factories of globular strains, or their μ2 proteins expressed in transfected cells, were furthermore shown to gain microtubule association and to lose colocalization with cUb when cells were grown at reduced temperature. From the sum of these findings, we propose that μ2 from globular strains is more prone to temperature-dependent misfolding and as a result displays increased aggregation, increased levels of Ub-μ2, and decreased association with microtubules. Because so few of the viral strains formed factories that were regularly associated with ubiquitinated proteins, we conclude that reovirus factories are generally distinct from cellular aggresomes.
Signaling through the Prostaglandin I2Receptor IP Protects against Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Induced Illness
Authors: Hashimoto Koichi , Graham Barney S. , Geraci Mark W. , FitzGerald Garret A. , Egan Karine , Zhou Weisong , Goleniewska Kasia , O'Neal Jamye F. , Morrow Jason D. , Durbin Russell K. , Wright Peter F. , Collins Robert D. , Suzutani Tatsuo , Peebles R. Stokes 
Published: September 2004

ABSTRACTThe role of prostanoids in modulating respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is unknown. We found that RSV infection in mice increases production of prostaglandin I2(PGI2). Mice that overexpress PGI2synthase selectively in bronchial epithelium are protected against RSV-induced weight loss and have decreased peak viral replication and gamma interferon levels in the lung compared to nontransgenic littermates. In contrast, mice deficient in the PGI2receptor IP have exacerbated RSV-induced weight loss with delayed viral clearance and increased levels of gamma interferon in the lung compared to wild-type mice. These results suggest that signaling through IP has antiviral effects while protecting against RSV-induced illness and that PGI2is a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of RSV.
Structural Properties of a Multifunctional T-Shaped RNA Domain That Mediate Efficient Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus RNA Replication
Authors: Ray Debashish , Na Hong , White K. Andrew 
Published: September 2004

ABSTRACT

In positive-strand RNA viruses, 5′ untranslated regions (5′ UTRs) mediate many essential viral processes, including genome replication. Previously, we proposed that the 5′-terminal portion of the genomic leader sequence of
Tomato bushy stunt virus
(TBSV) forms an RNA structure containing a 3-helix junction, termed the T-shaped domain (TSD). In the present study, we have carried out structure-function analysis of the proposed TSD and have confirmed an important role for this domain in mediating efficient viral RNA amplification. Using a model TBSV defective interfering RNA replicon and a protoplast system, we demonstrated that various TSD subelements contribute to the efficiency of viral RNA replication. In particular, the stabilities of all three stems (S1, S2, and S4) forming the 3-helix junction are important, while stem-loop 3—a terminal extension of S2—is largely dispensable. Additionally, some of the sequences forming the 3-helix junction are required in an identity-dependent manner. Thus, both secondary structure and nucleotide identity are important for TSD-mediated viral RNA replication. Importantly, these results are fully consistent with the dual functions we defined previously for the sequences corresponding to loops 3 and 4, respectively, in facilitating 5′ cap- and 3′ poly(A) tail-independent translation of the genome by forming a loop-loop interaction with the 3′-proximal translational enhancer and in mediating viral RNA replication through formation of a pseudoknot with the adjacent downstream RNA domain. Also, since comparable TSDs and associated interactions are predicted in the 5′ UTRs of all sequenced
Aureusvirus
genomes, members of at least one other genus in the family
Tombusviridae
appear to utilize this type of multifunctional RNA domain.