bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking tourism: where is it going and how will it impact people and planet? A personal perspective
Authors: Tarlow Peter 
Published: October 2023

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss the complexity of predicting the future and of making tourism futuristic predictions. It argues that tourism cannot be separated from the world context in which it operates and explores the various impacts of tourism on people and planet both in a near and more distant future.Design/methodology/approachThis paper revises several reports and research by world economic and tourism authorities as they provide arguments for the study of trends and the complexity of the evolution of the travel and tourism industry.FindingsThere is no certain way to know what the future will bring to the tourism industry or how it will interact with society and the physical environment. What the author does know is that from the beginning of time, events do not occur in isolation and that travel and tourism will impact everything that it touches. It is impossible to make exact predictions as to what tourism will be like in the near and distant future, what the author does know is that humans will want to travel, to explore and to learn, and this desire will interact not only with tourism but with the course of history.Originality/valueBy exploring the evolution of tourism in the context of science, the author cannot even be certain where tourism will occur, if only on the same planet, within the other planets of the solar system or in the vastness of space. Science fiction predicts the latter, but only the unfolding of history will teach of the accuracy of future predictions and how the future of travel will be.
Risk factors of rituximab‐induced thrombocytopenia in patients with autoimmune bullous diseases
Authors: Lee Sang Gyun , Kim Soo‐Chan , Kim Jong Hoon 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRituximab has been the mainstay treatment for autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBDs). Among the side effects of rituximab, rituximab‐induced thrombocytopenia (RIT) is a rare but critical complication. However, there have been no reports or identification of risk factors for RIT in patients with AIBD. In our retrospective study, we compared rituximab‐treated AIBD in patients with and without thrombocytopenia to explore the risk factors. In addition, we compared two different rituximab protocols (rheumatoid arthritis [RA] and lymphoma) in terms of the incidence and severity of thrombocytopenia. A total of 222 patients were enrolled, and 46 patients (20.7%) developed RIT. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age and chronic kidney disease (CKD) as significant factors for RIT. We also found that patients treated with the lymphoma protocol demonstrated a significantly higher mean post‐rituximab platelet count compared with those on the RA protocol. This was the first analysis, to our knowledge, of risk factors for RIT in patients with AIBD. Individuals aged 70 or older and those with multiple comorbidities, particularly CKD, should be closely monitored for thrombocytopenia. For patients with CKD, it may be safer to use the lymphoma protocol for rituximab administration as it results in a lesser reduction in post‐rituximab platelet count.
Root litter decomposition is suppressed in species mixtures and in the presence of living roots
Authors: Heredia‐Acuña Cristina , Semchenko Marina , De Vries Franciska T. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Plant species diversity and identity can significantly modify litter decomposition, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, particularly for root litter. Here, we aimed to disentangle the mechanisms by which plant species diversity alters root litter decomposition. We hypothesised that (1) interactions between species in mixed communities result in litter that decomposes faster than litter produced in monocultures; (2) litter decomposition is accelerated in the presence of living plants, especially when the litter and living plant identities are matched (known as home‐field advantage).

Monocultures and a mixture of four common grassland species were established to obtain individual litter and a ‘natural’ root litter mixture. An ‘artificial’ mixed litter was created using litter from monocultures, mixed in the same proportions as the species composition in the natural litter mixtures based on qPCR measurements. These six root litter types were incubated in four monocultures, a four‐species mixture and an unplanted soil.

Root decomposition was strongly affected by root litter identity and the presence, but not diversity, of living roots. Mixed‐species litter decomposed slower than expected based on the decomposition of single‐species litters. In addition, the presence of living roots suppressed decomposition independent of the match between litter and living plant identities. Decomposition was not significantly different between the ‘natural’ and ‘artificial’ root litter mixtures, indicating that root‐root interactions in species mixtures did not affect root chemical quality.

Synthesis. Suppressed decomposition in the presence of living roots indicates that interactions between microbial communities associated with living roots and root litter control root litter decomposition. As we found no support for the importance of home‐field advantage or interspecific root interactions in modifying decomposition, suppressed decomposition of mixed‐species litter seems to be primarily driven by chemical rather than biotic interactions.
Carnitine acetyltransferase deficiency mediates mitochondrial dysfunction‐induced cellular senescence in dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Song Min Ji , Park Chi‐Hyun , Kim Haesoo , Han Sangbum , Lee Si Hyung , Lee Dong Hun , Chung Jin Ho 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAging is accompanied by impaired mitochondrial function and accumulation of senescent cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to senescence by increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species and compromising energy metabolism. Senescent cells secrete a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and stimulate chronic low‐grade inflammation, ultimately inducing inflammaging. Mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence are two closely related hallmarks of aging; however, the key driver genes that link mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence remain unclear. Here, we aimed to elucidate a novel role of carnitine acetyltransferase (CRAT) in the development of mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence in dermal fibroblasts. Transcriptomic analysis of skin tissues from young and aged participants showed significantly decreased CRAT expression in intrinsically aged skin. CRAT downregulation in human dermal fibroblasts recapitulated mitochondrial changes in senescent cells and induced SASP secretion. Specifically, CRAT knockdown caused mitochondrial dysfunction, as indicated by increased oxidative stress, disruption of mitochondrial morphology, and a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. Mitochondrial damage induced the release of mitochondrial DNA into the cytosol, which activated the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and NF‐ĸB pathways to induce SASPs. Consistently, fibroblast‐specific CRAT‐knockout mice showed increased skin aging phenotypes in vivo, including decreased cell proliferation, increased SASP expression, increased inflammation, and decreased collagen density. Our results suggest that CRAT deficiency contributes to aging by mediating mitochondrial dysfunction‐induced senescence.
Impaired mitophagosome–lysosome fusion mediates olanzapine‐induced aging
Authors: Chen Xi , Wang Zhizhen , Zheng Peng , Dongol Anjila , Xie Yuanyi , Ge Xing , Zheng Mingxuan , Dang Xuemei , Seyhan Zehra Boz , Nagaratnam Nathan , Yu Yinghua , Huang Xu‐Feng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe lifespan of schizophrenia patients is significantly shorter than the general population. Olanzapine is one of the most commonly used antipsychotic drugs (APDs) for treating patients with psychosis, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Despite their effectiveness in treating positive and negative symptoms, prolonged exposure to APDs may lead to accelerated aging and cognitive decline, among other side effects. Here we report that dysfunctional mitophagy is a fundamental mechanism underlying accelerated aging induced by olanzapine, using in vitro and in vivo (Caenorhabditis elegans) models. We showed that the aberrant mitophagy caused by olanzapine was via blocking mitophagosome–lysosome fusion. Furthermore, olanzapine can induce mitochondrial damage and hyperfragmentation of the mitochondrial network. The mitophagosome–lysosome fusion in olanzapine‐induced aging models can be restored by a mitophagy inducer, urolithin A, which alleviates defective mitophagy, mitochondrial damage, and fragmentation of the mitochondrial network. Moreover, the mitophagy inducer ameliorated behavioral changes induced by olanzapine, including shortened lifespan, and impaired health span, learning, and memory. These data indicate that olanzapine impairs mitophagy, leading to the shortened lifespan, impaired health span, and cognitive deficits. Furthermore, this study suggests the potential application of mitophagy inducers as therapeutic strategies to reverse APD‐induced adverse effects associated with accelerated aging.
National and subnational regulation of farm practices for consumer products sold within a jurisdiction: California's Proposition 12
Authors: Lee Hanbin , Sexton Richard J. , Sumner Daniel A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article studies the economic effects of regulations that restrict farm practices used to produce products sold within a regulating jurisdiction, regardless of where the product was produced. We apply this analysis to the impact of California's law on sow housing and the North American hog/pork supply chain. California's Proposition 12 requires that specified pork products sold in California come from hogs whose mothers were housed according to California requirements. Such regulations, whether imposed by national or subnational authorities, have unique impacts on production, demand, prices, and economic welfare both within and outside the regulating jurisdiction. Our model identifies these effects and quantifies their impacts within a calibrated equilibrium framework. Results show that California consumers will buy less pork under Proposition 12 because retail prices of regulated cuts of pork will rise by about 7%. Compliant hog producers will, on average, earn greater profits, while impacts on prices and quantities of products sold outside of California are minimal. Regulations like Proposition 12 are especially costly ways to affect farm animal treatment because they impose costs throughout the supply chain. We consider a simple alternative policy that would achieve far more change in animal housing at lower cost.
The experience of entering residential aged care: The views of residents, family members and staff—an Appreciative Inquiry
Authors: Larkey Frances Anne , Hughes Mark , Nancarrow Susan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo understand resident, family and staff perspectives of older people's transition to residential aged care and initiatives that support this transition.MethodsA qualitative Appreciative Inquiry was undertaken with residents, family members and staff in residential aged care. It included semistructured interviews (n = 40), three focus groups (n = 17) and an organisational summit (n = 72). Each stage sought to build on the previous one, deepening understanding of the issues experienced and identifying positive strategies for change. Data were analysed thematically using framework analysis.ResultsThe transition experience was characterised by grief and guilt felt by family members and the challenges they faced in participating in a decision to admit a relative to residential aged care. Residents found the transition challenging but stressed the need to adjust to the situation. Family members struggled with trusting others to provide appropriate care and both residents and relatives reported challenges in communicating with staff. Initiatives were recommended by the organisational summit to assist in the transition to residential aged care. These included developing a service navigator role, co‐designing new systems and resources with residents and relatives, and ensuring more consistent staffing.ConclusionsImproved communication strategies and resources are needed to support the resident's identity, build trust in the organisation and support transition to residential aged care. Staff should continue to value the contribution family members play in the life of the resident and the culture of the aged care community.
Alterations and potential roles of microbial population of pregnant mouse saliva and amniotic fluid
Authors: Jia Bei , Tang Lijun , Liu Huibing , Zhu Yan , Chen Wenqian , Chen Qian , Li Jing , Zhong Mei , Yin Ailan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractProblemPrenatal exposure to intrauterine inflammation (IUI) is a crucial event in PTB pathophysiology. However, the relationship between microflora and PTB is not fully elucidated.Method of studyIn this study, we established an intrauterine inflammation mouse model via LPS intrauterine injection. The saliva and amniotic fluid were collected for 16s RNA gene sequencing. The levels of TNF‐α and IL‐1β in mouse amniotic fluid were determined by ELISA assays.ResultsUp to 60% of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the saliva and amniotic fluid of PBS‐treated mice were overlapped. LPS treatment‐induced changes in the abundance of oral and amniotic fluid microorganisms. Both immune‐associated probiotics, salivarius and mastitidis, were still detected in saliva (at significantly increased levels) after LPS‐induced intrauterine inflammation and almost no probiotics of any type were detected in amniotic fluid, suggesting that the uterine cavity seems to be more susceptible to LPS compared to the oral cavity. Moreover, the abundance of pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli was increased in both saliva and amniotic fluid after LPS treatment. The level of TNF‐α and IL‐1β in amniotic fluid is positively related to the amniotic fluid E. coli abundance.ConclusionsThe microbial composition of saliva and amniotic fluid of pregnant mice was similar. LPS‐induced intrauterine inflammation decreased the consistency of microbial composition in mouse saliva and amniotic fluid, increased the abundance of E. coli in saliva and amniotic fluid, and decreased the abundance of immune‐associated probiotics, especially in amniotic fluid.
Retrospective comparison of outcomes of patients undergoing omental patch versus falciform patch repair of perforated peptic ulcers
Authors: Seenarain Vidya , Wilson Tamalee , Fletcher David R. , Foster Amanda J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe omental patch repair is the gold standard for the repair of perforated peptic ulcers. This can be performed open or laparoscopically. However, in the event of non‐viable or inadequate omentum available at the time of surgery the falciform ligament has been reportedly used to as an alternative. Nonetheless, evidence for its safety is scant. This study aims to determine differences in patient outcomes when comparing the two repair techniques.MethodsFollowing ethics approval, patients who underwent surgical repair of perforated peptic ulcers using omental or falciform patch repair, between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2017, across all three Western Australian tertiary hospital services and at least 18 years of age were included. Data were collected by reviewing medical records of included patients.ResultsThree hundred twenty‐nine patients who underwent either open or laparoscopic repairs were included. Thirty‐seven patients had falciform repairs and were mostly ASA of 2 compared to 292 patients receiving omental patch repair who were mostly ASA 3. Falciform patch repairs were more commonly used in duodenal ulcer perforations. There were no statistically significant differences in patient outcomes between the omental patch and falciform ligament groups. This included post‐operative intra‐abdominal sepsis, return to theatre, post‐operative ICU admission, inpatient mortality, 30‐day readmission and ulcer healing on follow‐up gastroscopy.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates safety, efficacy and similar outcomes for patients receiving the falciform ligament patch repair compared with omental patch repair.
Editorial: Time to consider early treatment for chronic hepatitis B in both children and adults
Authors: Choi Won‐Mook , Lim Young‐Suk 
Published: October 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Wu et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17667 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17685
Cardiac side effects of RNA‐based SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines: Hidden cardiotoxic effects of mRNA‐1273 and BNT162b2 on ventricular myocyte function and structure
Authors: Schreckenberg Rolf , Woitasky Nadine , Itani Nadja , Czech Laureen , Ferdinandy Péter , Schulz Rainer 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeTo protect against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, the first mRNA‐based vaccines, Spikevax (mRNA‐1273, Moderna) and Comirnaty (BNT162b2, Pfizer/Biontech), were approved in 2020. The structure and assembly of the immunogen—in both cases, the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike (S) glycoprotein—are determined by a messenger RNA sequence that is translated by endogenous ribosomes. Cardiac side‐effects, which for the most part can be classified by their clinical symptoms as myo‐ and/or pericarditis, can be caused by both mRNA‐1273 and BNT162b2.Experimental ApproachAs persuasive theories for the underlying pathomechanisms have yet to be developed, this study investigated the effect of mRNA‐1273 and BNT162b2 on the function, structure, and viability of isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes over a 72 h period.Key ResultsIn the first 24 h after application, both mRNA‐1273 and BNT162b2 caused neither functional disturbances nor morphological abnormalities. After 48 h, expression of the encoded spike protein was detected in ventricular cardiomyocytes for both mRNAs. At this point in time, mRNA‐1273 induced arrhythmic as well as completely irregular contractions associated with irregular as well as localized calcium transients, which provide indications of significant dysfunction of the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2). In contrast, BNT162b2 increased cardiomyocyte contraction via significantly increased protein kinase A (PKA) activity at the cellular level.Conclusion and ImplicationsHere, we demonstrated for the first time, that in isolated cardiomyocytes, both mRNA‐1273 and BNT162b2 induce specific dysfunctions that correlate pathophysiologically to cardiomyopathy. Both RyR2 impairment and sustained PKA activation may significantly increase the risk of acute cardiac events.
A homozygous frameshift variant expands the clinical spectrum of SAMD9 gene defects
Authors: Mehawej Cybel , Ibrahim Maroun , Khalife Lynn , Chouery Eliane , El Hachem Setrida , Sayad Alain , El Traboulsi Aya , Inati Adlette , Megarbane Andre 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSAMD9, a ubiquitously expressed protein, is involved in several mechanisms, including endosome fusion, growth suppression and modulation of innate immune responses to stress and viral infections. While biallelic mutations in SAMD9 are linked to normophosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis, heterozygous gain‐of‐function mutations in the same gene are responsible for MIRAGE, a multisystemic syndrome characterized by myelodysplasia, infection, restriction of growth, adrenal hypoplasia, genital phenotypes, and enteropathy. A two‐and‐a‐half‐year‐old girl, from a consanguineous Lebanese family, was included in this study. She presents with pre‐ and post‐natal growth retardation, recurrent fevers, persistent diarrhea, elevated CRP and intermittent hypoglycemia. Whole genome sequencing revealed a homozygous frameshift variant in SAMD9 (NM_017654.4: c.480_481del; p.Val162Ilefs*5) in the proband. Sanger sequencing confirms its segregation with the disease in the family, and immunoblotting showed that the detected variant abolishes SAMD9 expression in the patient. Our findings expand the clinical spectrum linked to SAMD9 and highlight the importance of investigating further cases with mutations in this gene, as this will pave the way towards the understanding of the pathways driving these diseases.
Mobile audiometry for hearing threshold assessment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Oremule Babatunde , Abbas Jonathan , Saunders Gabrielle , Kluk Karolina , Isba Rachel , Bate Sebastian , Bruce Iain 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesTechnological advancements in mobile audiometry (MA) have enabled hearing assessment using tablets and smartphones. This systematic review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021274761) aimed to identify MA options available to health providers, assess their accuracy in measuring hearing thresholds, and explore factors that might influence their accuracy.Design and SettingA systematic search of online databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Evidence Search and Dynamed was conducted on 13th December 2021, and repeated on 30th October 2022, using appropriate Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms. Eligible studies reported the use of MA to determine hearing thresholds and compared results to conventional pure‐tone audiometry (CA). Studies investigating MA for hearing screening (i.e. reporting just pass/fail) were ineligible for inclusion. Two authors independently reviewed studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality and risk of bias using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies‐2 (QUADAS‐2) tool.ParticipantsAdults and children, with and without diagnosis of hearing impairment.Main outcome measuresA meta‐analysis was performed to obtain the mean difference between thresholds measured using MA and CA in dB HL.ResultsSearches returned 858 articles. After systematic review, 17 articles including 1032 participants were analysed. The most used software application was ShoeboxTM (6/17) followed by Hearing TestTM (3/17), then HearTestTM (2/17). Tablet computers were used in ten studies, smartphones in six, and a computer in one. The mean difference between MA and CA thresholds was 1.36 dB (95% CI, 0.07–2.66, p = 0.04). Significant differences between mobile audiometry (MA) and conventional audiometry (CA) thresholds were observed in thresholds measured at 500Hz, in children, when MA was conducted in a sound booth, and when MA was self‐administered. However, these differences did not exceed the clinically significant threshold of 10 decibels (dB). Included studies exhibited high levels of heterogeneity, high risk of bias and low concerns about applicability.ConclusionsMA compares favourably to CA in measuring hearing thresholds and has role in providing access to hearing assessment in situations where CA is not available or feasible. Future studies should prioritize the integration of pure‐tone threshold assessment with additional tests, such as Speech Recognition and Digits‐in‐Noise, for a more rounded evaluation of hearing ability, assesses acceptability and feasibility, and the cost‐effectiveness of MA in non‐specialist settings.
The effects of COVID‐19 policies on consumer spending in Norway
Authors: Carpena Fenella , Swinkels Laurens , Zhang Dan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe examine the effect of COVID‐19 policies on consumer spending using bankcard transactions from Norway. Exploiting variation in COVID‐19 policies over time and across space in the four largest municipalities, we investigate the heterogeneity of policy effects in their number and type. First, we document that the number of restrictions is negatively correlated with spending and exhibits decreasing marginal effects. Second, restrictions do not affect all types of spending equally: restrictions tend to have larger impacts on the sector in which they are targeted. Finally, we find suggestive evidence from a difference‐in‐differences estimation that supports a causal interpretation of our results.