bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Caused by the Omicron Variant in Lung Transplant Recipients: A Single Center Case Series
Authors: Zhao Li , Guo Lijuan , Xing Bin , Zhang Yi , Chen Mengyin , Chen Wenhui 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: Limited data from the Chinese experience are available regarding the infection status, clinical characteristics, treatments and early outcomes of lung transplant recipients (LTRs) afflicted with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant.
Methods: We conducted a study on LTRs with COVID-19 caused by the Omicron Variant from November 17, 2022, to May 1, 2023. Clinical information was gathered through electronic medical records, questionnaires, or follow-up telephone calls. To identify potential risk factors for severe disease progression, a multivariate logistic analysis was performed.
Results: 178 LTRs with COVID-19 were included, with 50% (89/178) requiring hospitalization for an average stay of 16 days (IQR: 9.5-25.5 days). The most common symptoms were fever (79.8%), dry cough (75.3%) and fatigue (61.8%). Ultimately, 17 recipients succumbed to COVID-19-related respiratory failure or secondary multiple organ dysfunction, resulting in an overall mortality rate of 9.6%. Of the 89 hospitalized patients, 41.6% (37/89) eventually progressed to severe or critical disease, forming the Severe/Critical Group (S/C group), while the remaining 58.4% (52/89) had mild to moderate disease (M/M group). In comparison to the M/M group, the S/C group had higher CRP (59.6 vs. 16.8 mg/L, P＜0.01), ESR (45.5 vs. 22.5mm/h, P＜0.01) and D-dimer (1.09 vs. 0.65 mg/L, P＜0.05), but lower CD3+ T lymphocytes (577 vs. 962 cells/ul, P＜0.01) and CD4+ T lymphocytes (217 vs. 427 cells/ul, P＜0.01). The S/C group had significantly higher rates of combined pulmonary bacterial infection (67.6% vs. 38.5%, P＜0.01) and pulmonary fungal infection (73.0% vs. 38.5%, P＜0.01) during the course of COVID-19, nearly double that of the M/M group. In a multivariate logistic analysis, elevated CRP (>41.8mg/L), combined pulmonary fungal infection, and interstitial lung disease(ILD) as primary disease emerged as high-risk factors for developing the severe disease phenotype following Omicron variant infection in LTRs, with respective OR values of 4.23 (95% CI: 1.68-11.23), 4.76 (95% CI: 1.59-15.64), and 5.13 (95% CI: 1.19-29.17).
Conclusions: LTRs displayed an increased vulnerability to combined lung bacterial or fungal infections following Omicron infection. CRP> 41.8mg/L, ILD as primary disease, and combined pulmonary fungal infection are high-risk factors for developing severe disease.
Trends in incidence and prevalence of diabetes along with mortality attributed to its risk factors and high fasting plasma glucose in United States from 1990 to 2019: a joinpoint regression analysis
Authors: Bastan Mohammad-Mahdi , Golestani Ali , Heidari‐Foroozan Mahsa , Behnoush Amir Hossein , Momtazmanesh Sara , Khanmohammadi Shaghayegh , Rashidi Mohammad-Mahdi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose:
Diabetes is a major public health crisis in the U.S. This study aimed to investigate the temporal trends in the incidence and prevalence of diabetes, as well as mortality attributed to its risk factors and the causes of death resulting from high fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) in the U.S.
Methods:
From 1990 to 2019, the estimates of incidence, prevalence, and mortality were retrieved from the Global Health Data Exchange. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to produce the average annual percent change (AAPC), annual percentage change (APC), and the 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results:
From 1990 to 2019, the incidence of diabetes among both sexes in all-age and age-standardized age groups increased by 132.3% and 47.1%, respectively, and the prevalence of diabetes raised by 148.8% and 48.1%, respectively. AAPC estimates of diabetes incidence and prevalence for both sexes increased by 1.3% (CI: 1.2% to 1.5%) and 1.4% (CI: 1.2% to 1.6%), respectively. The age-standardized death rate attributable to HFPG decreased by 8% among both sexes. Excluding cancer subtypes, the greatest increase was noted in chronic kidney disease (CKD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) by 184%, 82.6%, and 47.9%, respectively. Among cancer subtypes, the highest increase was seen in liver and pancreatic cancers, at 209.2% and 68.8%, respectively.
Conclusion:
We witnessed that the incidence and prevalence of diabetes continued to rise in adults accompanied by a shift from conventional HFPG causes of death toward cancers (primarily liver and pancreas) and aging-related diseases (such as CKD, PAD, and AD).
The spectrum of bacterial infectionin a large cohort of Chinese pediatric patients with inborn errors of immunity: a nine-year, retrospective, single-center study
Authors: Zhu Xiaodan , Fu Pan , Wang Wenjie , Ying Wenjing , Sun Bijun , Hou Jia , Hui Xiaoying , Sun Jinqiao , Wang Chuanqing , Zhou Qinhua , Wang Xiaochuan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) patients with different immune component deficiencies are susceptible to different bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the spectrum of bacterial infection in different classifications of IEI in children. Pediatric patients diagnosed with IEI and detected positive for bacteria considered to be pathogenic were included in this retrospective study. In this study, 1818 medical charts of IEI inpatients were reviewed, and 291 hospitalizations were enrolled, including 244 IEI patients. A total of 363 strains were detected, of which, 84 (23.14%) were gram-positive bacteria, and 279 (76.86%) were gram-negative bacteria. The main bacteria isolated from different IEI classifications were different. Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.68%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.68%) were most isolated from combined immunodeficiencies. Haemophilus influenzae (31.86%) and Moraxella catarrhalis (14.16%) were most isolated from predominant antibody deficiencies. K. pneumoniae (15.68%) and Escherichia coli (11.89%) were most isolated from congenital defects of phagocytes. Specific bacteria had susceptible classifications of IEI. H. influenzae was often isolated in predominant antibody deficiencies (7.83%), Salmonella was often isolated in defects in intrinsic and innate immunity (4.28%), and Staphylococcus aureus was often isolated in combined immunodeficiencies with syndromic features (5.77%). The ratios of methicillin-resistant S. aureus, carbapenem-resistant E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii in IEI patients were 55.17%, 38.10%, 25.71%, 25.81%, and 70.59%, respectively, which were higher than those in non-IEI patients. The IEI in children defines a unique and specific spectrum of bacterial infections. Isolated bacteria from children with IEI have high antimicrobial resistance.
Focus areas for the forward momentum of sub-national action plans on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) - Perspectives from three states in a Low- and middle-income Country
Authors: Baluja Jasmine Ruth , Ranjalkar Jaya , Mathew Philip , Chandy Sujith J , Ranganathan Raghini , Thomas Shruthi Anna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical public health threat that could impact healthcare systems and economies. The role of national action plans (NAPs) in containing AMR is well-recognized. India has taken multiple steps, including decentralizing action plans by encouraging states to adopt sub-national or state action plans (SAPs) on AMR. Only four states (Out of 28 States and 8 union territories) have a SAP on AMR. To understand the factors and focus areas needed to formulate such SAPs, we report the perspectives of key One Health stakeholders' from three states in India.
Methods
Two states and one union territory that did not have SAPs on AMR were chosen. A desktop situational analysis was done to identify key stakeholders involved in AMR work in these states and understand the AMR challenges in these states. Local public health champions were also invited. One-day consultation meetings were conducted at each site. A total of 118 stakeholders participated in the meetings. Seventeen in-depth interviews were also held with participants after the meetings to add further insights. The inputs from the meetings and in-depth interviews was subjected to latent and manifest content analysis to identify themes.
Results
The meetings and in-depth interviews led to identifying AMR drivers and potential interventional strategies and requirements such as improving awareness with targeted communication strategies, strengthening and expanding surveillance in both human and animal sectors, improving community hygiene, stepping up financing mechanisms, and enhancing governance through multisectoral secretariats. The need to decrease the consumption of antibiotics through a strong foundation of public-private partnerships and the scale-up of stewardship efforts was highlighted. An urgency to integrate AMR strategies into other vertical health programs was noted.
Conclusion
In large lower and middle-income countries, inspite of the presence of NAPs, various challenges exist in containing AMR in states. The perspectives of the stakeholders highlight the focus areas within the NAPs, the contextual challenges, and the need to urgently formulate these SAPs with tailor-made approaches. Utilizing the expertise of multiple stakeholders in each state to materialize SAPs that incorporate these valuable local insights is likely to optimize forward movement.
Emissions cessation yields multi-century cooling
Authors: Tarshish Nathaniel , Jeevanjee Nadir , Fung Inez 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Predicting the long-term warming commitment from past emissions is hindered by a lack of consensus amongst climate models. As a result, there is very low confidence that reaching net-zero emissions in the coming decades will stabilize the temperature beyond the 21st century. Here we provide a novel means of inferring the multi-century warming commitment directly from observations and established climate metrics. We cease emissions of all greenhouse gases and aerosols, and quantify the post-emissions temperature change by comparing the disequilibrium in the carbon system to the disequilibrium in the ocean’s thermodynamics. Constraining these disequilibria yields a prediction of multi-century cooling of approximately −0.4°C if emissions presently cease. For future emissions pathways, similar constraints indicate multi-century cooling after net-zero. Relative to the peak temperatures at net-zero, idealized theory and climate models of reduced and intermediate complexity predict a long-term decrease of −0.7 to −1.0°C depending on the scenario. These findings build confidence that net-zero mitigation pathways yield declining temperatures beyond the 21st century.
Conductivity and interaction mechanism of polydopamine-graphene oxide: A combined experimental and density functional theory investigation
Authors: jiahao Cheng , Li chunli , Zhaofeng Yang , Jiahao Wang , Peng Yang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The electrochemical activity of electrode material plays an important role in enhancing energy storage efficiency in flow batteries (FBs). Polydopamine (PDA) mixed with graphene oxide (GO) exhibited improved performance. However, few studies investigated on the interplay between DA and GO, particularly the influence of GO's functional groups on its adsorption efficacy. In this study, the prepared PDA-GO composites were formed by a straightforward and eco-friendly approach. The impact of the PDA on GO's electrical conductivity and the ratio of the DA-to-GO was explored. Furthermore, the impacts of various oxygen-containing functional groups on the adsorption DA process of GO were thoroughly explored using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Focusing on the adsorption energy, charge density difference, energy gap, and reaction barrier. PDA-GO exhibits the strongest electrical conductivity where the addition ratio of DA-to-GO is 1:2. PDA partially reduction the GO in the process of combining with GO, and the layer spacing increases. DFT calculations indicated that the reduction of DA to GO happens mostly in the epoxy groups, and the basal plane of PDA-GO remains reasonably intact, while the conductivity is greatly improved by the binding of DA to the epoxy groups. DA molecules tend to align parallel to the graphene sheet during the optimization process. The results suggest that a portion of DA molecules infiltrate the interlayer of GO, engaging in π-π and hydrogen bonding interactions with GO during the preparation phase. On the other hand, the epoxy group significantly destroys the π-π interaction between GO and DA, resulting in a reduction in the adsorption energy between the two, whereas the remaining functional groups enhance both. However, the augmentation of the DA adsorption energy by the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the GO is dramatically diminished when the hydroxyl groups on GO reach a particular density owing to the breakdown of the π-π interaction. This study serves as a theoretical foundation for the selective synthesis of PDA-GO composites and fresh ideas for their further utilization in electrode materials.
The use of longitudinal CT-based radiomics and clinicopathological features predicts the pathological complete response of metastasized axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer
Authors: Wang Jia , Tian Cong , Zheng Bing-Jie , Zhang Jiao , Jiao De-Chuang , Qu Jin-Rong , Liu Zhen-Zhen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
To accurately predict whether the axillary lymph nodes could achieve pCR in breast cancer patients with axillary lymph node metastases.
Methods
We collected imaging data to extract longitudinal CT image features before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), analyzed the correlation between radiomics and clinicopathological features, and developed prediction models. The clinical utility of the models was determined via decision curve analysis (DCA). Subgroup analyses were also performed. Then, a nomogram was developed based on the model with the best predictive efficiency and clinical utility and was validated using the calibration plots.
Results
A total of 549 breast cancer patients with metastasized axillary lymph nodes were enrolled in this study. 42 independent radiomics features were selected from LASSO regression to construct a logistic regression model with clinicopathological features (LR radiomics-clinical combined model). The AUC of the LR radiomics-clinical combined model prediction performance was 0.861 in the training set and 0.891 in the testing set. For the HR+/HER2−, HER2+, and Triple negative subtype, the LR radiomics-clinical combined model yields the best prediction AUCs of 0.756, 0.812, and 0.928 in training sets, and AUCs of 0.757, 0.777 and 0.838 in testing sets, respectively.
Conclusions
The combination of radiomics features and clinicopathological characteristics can effectively predict axillary pCR status in NAC breast cancer patients.
A novel theoretical model of heterogeneous soil-pile interaction for investigating the torsionally loaded pile
Authors: Liu Xin , Tang Liuqing , Naggar M. Hesham El , Li Lichen , Zhang Zhiqing , Sun Jun , Wu Wenbing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A new theoretical model of heterogeneous soil-pile interaction (HSPI) in torsion is developed in this study to analyze the behavior of an end-bearing pile under torque. By assuming the surrounding soil as an elastic continuum following a power law variation in shear modulus depth, new governing equations are established for the torsional deformation of the continuous heterogeneous soil and pile system subjected to torque. Separation of variables and principles of Sturm-Liouville theory are applied to solving the governing equations of the pile and soil, taking into account the interaction conditions between the pile and soil. Rigorous solutions are obtained for the twist angle and internal torque along the pile shaft, as well as the shear stress with depth provided by the surrounding soil. Validation of the present HSPI model by comparing with previous theoretical and experimental data indicates the applicability and superiority of the derived solutions. The HSPI model is subsequently applied to conduct extensive arithmetic examples for investigating the torsional response of piles accounting for complex soil heterogeneity patterns and pile configurations. The obtained results can contribute to a deeper understanding of the operational mechanics involved in torsionally loaded piles in heterogeneous soil.
Giardia fibrillarin: a bioinformatics exploration of sequence and structure
Authors: Lagunas-Rangel Francisco Alejandro 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Fibrillin stands out as an S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent nucleolar methyltransferase, marked by significant evolutionary conservation in both sequence and function. It is actively involved in numerous cellular processes, particularly in the early stages of pre-ribosomal RNA processing. Despite the identification of a fibrillarin orthologue in Giardia, an intestinal protozoan parasite that annually causes a considerable number of infections worldwide, its study has been limited. Consequently, the specific structural features and functions of this protein in the parasite remain unknown. In this study, bioinformatics methods were employed to scrutinize the sequence and structure of Giardia fibrillarin in order to obtain information that could facilitate future experimental and targeting studies. Taking advantage of the protein sequence of Giardia fibrillarin, multiple bioinformatics tools were employed to estimate its domains, nuclear and nucleolar localization signals (NLS and NoLS), post-translational modifications, phylogeny and three-dimensional structure. Giardia fibrillarin demonstrates significant conservation, showing closer relationships with archaeal and parasitic amoeba orthologs. It retains the SAM-dependent methyltransferase domain, a glycine- and arginine-rich domain, as well as the NLS and NoLS. While the core region remains structurally highly conserved, the N-terminal region shows significant divergence. Inhibition is feasible using competing SAM inhibitors. Further research is needed on Giardia fibrillarin, given its potential as a promising therapeutic target for tackling giardiasis. This is especially important in cases of strains resistant to current drugs, an increasingly common challenge.
Reliability of the Quality of Life-Aged Care Consumers (QOL-ACC) among older people using aged care services at home
Authors: Khadka Jyoti , Milte Rachel , Hutchinson Claire , Cleland Jenny , Ratcliffe Julie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The Quality of Life-Aged Care Consumers (QOL-ACC), a valid preference-based instrument, is nationally rolled out in Australia to monitor and benchmark quality of life for all aged care recipients. Therefore, we aimed to assess the reliability of the QOL-ACC and compare its performance with the EQ-5D-5L.
Methods
Aged care recipients at home completed a survey including the QOL-ACC, EQ-5D-5L and two global items for health and quality of life at baseline (T1) and 2 weeks later (T2). The Gwet’s AC2 and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were estimated for the dimensions level and overall scores agreements respectively. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and the smallest detectable change (SDC) were also calculated.
Results
Of the 78 respondents (mean age, 73.4 ± 5.2 years; 55.4% females) who reported no or one level change in their responses on global items for health and quality of life between T1 and T2 were included. The Gwet’AC2 ranged from 0.48 to 0.65 for the QOL-ACC dimensions which were similar to the EQ-5D-5L. The ICC for the QOL-ACC (0.85; 95% CI, 0.77–0.90) was slightly better than the EQ-5D-5L (0.83; 95% CI, 0.74–0.88). The SEM for the QOL-ACC (0.08) was smaller than for the EQ-5D-5L (0.11). The SDC for the QOL-ACC and the EQ-5D-5L for individual subjects were 0.22 and 0.30 respectively.
Conclusions
The QOL-ACC demonstrated an excellent temporal consistency similar to the EQ-5D-5L, supporting its repeated use in aged care settings. Further studies will provide evidence of responsiveness of the QOL-ACC to aged care-specific interventions in aged care settings.
Machine learning algorithms using national registry data to predict loss to follow- up during tuberculosis treatment
Authors: Rodrigues Moreno M. S. , Barreto-Duarte Beatriz , Vinhaes Caian L. , Araújo-Pereira Mariana , Fukutani Eduardo R. , Bergamaschi Keityane Bone , Kristki Afrânio , Cordeiro-Santos Marcelo , Rolla Valeria C. , Sterling Timothy R. , Queiroz Artur T. L. , Andrade Bruno B. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: Identifying patients at increased risk of loss to follow-up (LTFU) is key to developing strategies to optimize the clinical management of tuberculosis (TB). The use of national registry data in prediction models may be a useful tool to inform healthcare workers about risk of LTFU. Here we developed a score to predict the risk of LTFU during anti-TB treatment (ATT) in a nationwide cohort of cases using clinical data reported to the Brazilian Notifiable Disease Information System (SINAN).
Methods: We performed a retrospective study of all TB cases reported to SINAN between 2015-2022; excluding children (<18 years-old), vulnerable groups or drug-resistant TB. For the score, data before treatment initiation were used. We trained and internally validated three different prediction scoring systems, based on Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Light Gradient Boosting. Before applying our models we split our data into train (~80% data) and test (~20%), and then we compare model metrics using a test data set.
Results: Of the 243,726 cases included, 41,373 experienced LTFU whereas 202,353 were successfully treated and cured. The groups were different with regards to several clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. The directly observed treatment (DOT) was unbalanced between the groups with lower prevalence in those who were LTFU. Three models were developed to predict LTFU using 8 features (prior TB, drug use, age, sex, HIV infection and schooling level) with different score composition approaches. Those prediction scoring system exhibited an area under the curve (AUC) ranging between 0.71 and 0.72. The Light Gradient Boosting technique resulted in the best prediction performance, weighting specificity, and sensibility. A user-friendly web calculator app was created (https://tbprediction.herokuapp.com/) to facilitate implementation.
Conclusions:Our nationwide risk score predicts the risk of LTFU during ATT in Brazilian adults prior to treatment commencement. This is a potential tool to assist in decision-making strategies to guide resource allocation, DOT indications, and improve TB treatment adherence.