bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity and specificity analysis for somatic cell count (SCC) used to predict bacteriologically positive subclinical mastitis at calving in a dairy herd with low SCC
Authors: Kirk John H. , Berry Stephen L. , Reynolds James P. , Maas John P. , Ahmadi Abbas 
Published: December 2023

Objective
Validate, by sensitivity and specificity analyses, use of somatic cell count (SCC) to predict bacteriologically positive subclinical mastitis in a California dairy herd with low SCC.

Design
Study of monthly dairy herd improvement SCC obtained from the immediate preceding lactation and individual cow composite milk sample microbiologic isolates collected at calving.

Animals
515 California dairy cows with SCC and culture data.

Procedure
Somatic cell count sensitivity and specificity analyses with combinations of SCC parameter and at various thresholds were done, using the bacterial isolates as the standard.

Results
Combination of SCC threshold and SCC parameters could not be developed that had sufficient sensitivity and specificity to be a useful predictor of cows that would calve with subclinical mastitis.

Clinical Implication
Under the conditions at this particular dairy, SCC could not be used as a basis of prediction of cows that would calve with bacteriologically positive subclinical mastitis or require selective nonlactating-cow antibiotic treatment. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:1054–1057)
Postexposure rabies prophylaxis and preexposure rabies vaccination failure in domestic animals
Authors: Clark Keith A. , Wilson Pamela J. 
Published: December 2023

Objectives
To determine the effectiveness of postexposure rabies prophylaxis (PEX) recommendations, as mandated by the state of Texas, and to investigate PEX and preexposure rabies vaccination failures.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
1,345 unvaccinated domestic animals that had received PEX and 6 animals that had had preexposure rabies vaccination failure.

Procedure
Zoonotic incident case report forms from 1979 through 1994 were reviewed for information about unvaccinated domestic animals that received PEX after exposure to a rabid animal, according to state protocol; the reports were also reviewed for information about preexposure rabies vaccination failures. From 1979 through 1987, the PEX protocol was to immediately vaccinate the animal against rabies, isolate it for 6 months, and administer a booster vaccination 1 month prior to release from isolation. From 1988 through 1994, the protocol was to immediately vaccinate the animal against rabies, isolate it for 90 days, and give booster vaccinations during the third and eighth weeks of the isolation period.

Results
From 1979 through 1987, 713 animals received PEX; 2 failures were recorded. From 1988 through 1994, 632 animals received PEX; 3 failures were recorded. From 1991 through 1994, 6 preexposure rabies vaccination failures were recorded.

Clinical Implications
An effective PEX schedule for domestic animals includes immediate rabies vaccination, with a minimum of 1 booster vaccination, and 90 day's strict isolation. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:1827-1830)
Associations between subclinical paratuberculosis and milk production, milk components, and somatic cell counts in dairy herds
Authors: Nordlund Kenneth V. , Goodger William J. , Pelletier Joseph , Collins Michael T. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine associations between subclinical Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection and milk production, milk components, and somatic cell counts of dairy cattle.

Design
Cross-sectional epidemiologic survey.

Animals
23 dairy herds in Wisconsin containing 1,653 adult cows were studied. The herds had above average milk production and a history of bovine paratuberculosis in the herd within the previous 12 months.

Procedure
All adult cows in the herds were tested for paratuberculosis by use of an absorbed ELISA. Milk yield, fat, protein, and somatic cell count data were retrieved electronically from Dairy Herd Improvement Association records.

Results
147 ELISA-positive and 1,506 ELISA-negative cows were identified. ELISA-positive cows had a mature-equivalent milk production of 376 kg (829 lb)/lactation less than that for ELISA-negative herdmates. Significant difference was not found in lactation average percentages of fat and protein, or somatic cell count linear score. When comparing ELISA-positive and -negative cow's current mature equivalent milk with all previous lactations, significant difference was found only from the immediate-preceding lactation. When this difference was examined by parity group, significant difference was confined to cows in the second lactation.

Clinical Implications
Subclinical paratuberculosis infections, as determined by ELISA, are associated with a 4% reduction in milk yield and add to the already substantial costs of clinical M paratuberculosis infection in the dairy industry. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:1872-1876)
Hormonal indicators of pregnancy in llamas and alpacas
Authors: Bravo P. Walter , Stewart Dennis R. , Lasley Bill L. , Fowler Murray E. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine concentrations of estrone sulfate in serum, estrone sulfate in urine, relaxin in serum, and progesterone in serum in pregnant llamas and alpacas and to assess the potential of these hormones as pregnancy indicators.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
19 parous pregnant camelids (8 llamas and 11 alpacas).

Procedure
Estrone sulfate concentrations (in serum and in urine) and progesterone concentrations (in serum) were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Relaxin concentrations (in serum) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Serum and urine samples were collected daily for the first 30 days after breeding and, thereafter, once weekly until parturition.

Results
Estrone sulfate concentrations (in serum and in urine) peaked twice during pregnancy. The first took place 21 days after breeding and the second during the last month of pregnancy. Relaxin concentrations increased at 3 months of gestation to > 20 ng/ml, decreased at 5 months to 5 ng/ml, then increased from 8 months of pregnancy until parturition. Progesterone concentrations were detectable 4 days after breeding and were maintained > 2 ng/ml throughout pregnancy.

Clinical Implications
The first increase in estrone sulfate concentration over basal values may indicate early interaction between mother and embryo, whereas the second increase may reflect fetal viability. Use of estrone sulfate concentration to diagnose pregnancy in llamas and alpacas is highly dependent on time of sampling. Relaxin concentration in serum is a superior indicator of pregnancy after the second month in the llama and alpaca because its existence is suggestive of interaction between mother and fetus, and concentrations are greater than basal values for a long period of pregnancy. Progesterone is not a direct product of the embryo or fetus and only indirectly confirms a diagnosis of pregnancy. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:2027-2030)
Responses of dogs with food allergies to single-ingredient dietary provocation
Authors: Jeffers James G. , Meyer Evelyn K. , Sosis Ellen J. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To characterize specific food ingredients causing allergic reactions in dogs and to assess cross-reactivity between proteins derived from a single animal source or from different plant products.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
25 dogs with histories and cutaneous signs consistent with food-allergic dermatitis.

Procedure
Dogs were fed a food-elimination diet until resolution of clinical signs and then challenged with their original diet. A diagnosis of food allergy was made if there was complete return of pruritus within 14 days of challenge exposure. After diagnosis, dogs were fed the food-elimination diet until signs related to dietary challenge abated. The dogs then were fed beef, chicken, chicken eggs, cows' milk, wheat, soy, and corn in single-ingredient provocation trials for 1 week. Any cutaneous reactions to these food ingredients were recorded by their owners.

Results
Beef and soy most often caused adverse cutaneous reactions, although all ingredients induced clinical signs in at least 1 dog. Mean number of allergens per dog was 2.4, with 80% reacting to 1 or 2 proteins and 64 % reacting to 2 or more of the proteins tested. A significant difference was found between dogs reacting to beef versus cows' milk and between dogs reacting to soy versus wheat; thus, the hypothesis of cross-reactivity to ingredients derived from a single animal source or to different plant products was not supported. Similar differences between chicken meat and eggs were not identified.

Clinical Implications
Long-term management of dogs with food allergies is facilitated by identification of the most commonly encountered food allergens. Because cross-reactivity cannot be verified, each protein source should be included separately in food-provocation trials. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:608-11)
Economics of feeding pasteurized colostrum and pasteurized waste milk to dairy calves
Authors: Jamaluddin Aziz A. , Carpenter Tim E. , Hird David W. , Thurmond Mark C. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To estimate the marginal contribution of pasteurization of waste milk and colostrum to gross margin per calf at weaning and to estimate the minimum number of cattle on a dairy farm for pasteurization to be profitable.

Design
Randomized, controlled, clinical trial.

Animals
300 Holstein calves.

Procedure
The performance of calves fed pasteurized colostrum and waste milk was compared with the performance of calves fed nonpasteurized colostrum and waste milk. Costs, revenues, and gross margins for the 2 groups were compared.

Results
Calves fed pasteurized colostrum and waste milk were worth an extra $8.13 in gross margin/calf, compared with calves fed nonpasteurized colostrum and waste milk. The minimum number of cattle for which feeding pasteurized colostrum and waste milk was calculated to be economically feasible was 315 calves/d (1,260-cow dairy farm).

Clinical Implications
An economic benefit was associated with feeding pasteurized colostrum and waste milk. Additional benefits that may accrue include higher mean weight gain and lower mortality rate of calves as well as calves that have fewer days in which they are affected with diarrhea and pneumonia (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:751–756)
Evaluation of a survey of the diplomates of the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine on use of analgesic agents in animals used in biomedical research
Authors: Hubbell John A. E. , Muir William W. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the analgesic agents administered to animals frequently used in biomedical research.

Design
Telephone survey.

Sample Population
Diplomates of the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine.

Procedure
200 of 429 active diplomates listed in the 1993 directory of the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine were selected at random for telephone interviews. Diplomates were asked to identify the species that they cared for and the dosages, dosing intervals, and routes of administration for analgesic agents.

Results
90 of 200 (45%) diplomates completed the survey. Twenty-two analgesic agents were identified for use in 472 applications in 16 species. Opioid analgesics were the most frequently selected agents, with buprenorphine hydrochloride and butorphanol being most frequently used. Intramuscular and subcutaneous routes of administration were used most frequently.

Clinical Implications
Among diplomates of the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, opioids are the most frequently selected agents used to induce analgesia in animals used in biomedical research. Dosages and dosing intervals used vary widely among animals of various species as well as for animals in each species. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996,209: 918-921)
Facilitating pet ownership through improved housing design
Authors: Jackson Virginia Sarah Sandford 
Published: December 2023

Summary
To date, urban planners have had only a marginal interest in urban pet management. However, they have a potential role to play through application of urban design principles that may improve the quality of pets’ lives and reduce problems. The design principles appropriate to pets have been recently identified. These principles are part of a worldwide movement to improve housing design, with guidelines for various considerations that have been misunderstood or ignored in the past. Veterinarians have a role to play in alerting their clients to the need to consider the quality of their pets’ environment and in acting as advocates in relation to urban animal management and regulation.
Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in Dalmatians: Nine cases (1990–1995)
Authors: Freeman Lisa M. , Michel Kathryn E. , Brown Donald J. , Kaplan Paul M. , Stamoulis Mark E. , Rosenthal Steven L. , Keene Bruce W. , Rush John E. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To describe the historical, clinical, and echocardiographic findings in Dalmatians with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).

Design
Retrospective case series.

Sample Population
9 Dalmatians with a diagnosis of DCM and congestive heart failure (CHF), 9 Doberman Pinschers with DCM and CHF, and 9 dogs of other breeds with DCM and CHF.

Procedure
Disease history; signalment; physical, radiographic, and echocardiographic examination findings; treatment; and outcome from medical records were analyzed.

Results
All Dalmatians were male, with a mean age of 6.8 years. Eight dogs had been fed a commercially available low-protein diet formulated for the prevention of urate uroliths. All dogs had clinical signs consistent with left-sided CHF and had marked left ventricular systolic dysfunction and severe left ventricular dilatation, although arrhythmias were not an important finding in this series of dogs. Median duration of survival was 10 months.

Clinical Implications
The DCM syndrome in Dalmatians has some qualities that are distinct from DCM in other breeds of dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:1592–1596)
Use of diagnostic ultrasonography in horses with signs of acute abdominal pain
Authors: Klohnen Andreas , Vachon Anne M. , Fischer Andrew T. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate the use of abdominal ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool in horses with signs of colic.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
226 horses with signs of acute abdominal pain were compared to 20 clinically normal horses.

Procedure
The following were performed in horses with signs of colic: physical examination, CBC, abdominal fluid analysis, placement of a nasogastric tube to obtain gastric reflux, abdominal palpation per rectum, and ultrasonography of the abdomen. Results of ultrasonography were compared with the surgical, necropsy, or medical findings.

Results
Ultrasonography of horses with primary small-intestine lesions revealed images of small intestine with a wall thickness of 0.2 to 1.8 cm and a diameter of 3.6 to 13.5 cm without evidence of motility. Horses with peritonitis did have evidence of small-intestine motility on ultrasonography with a wall thickness of 0.5 to 1.3 cm and a diameter of 2 to 5.1 cm. Horses with primary large-colon lesions or small-colon impactions had small-intestine diameters on ultrasonographic evaluation of 3 to 7.1 cm. In these horses, small-intestine motility was detected.
If abnormal small intestine that lacked motility was detected by ultrasonographic evaluation, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for small-intestine strangulation obstructions were 100%. Detection of distended or edematous small intestine by abdominal palpation per rectum provided a sensitivity of 50%, specificity of 98%, positive predictive value of 89%, and negative predictive value of 89% for small-intestine strangulation obstructions.

Clinical Implications
The use of abdominal ultrasonography in horses with signs of colic is accurate for detecting small-intestine strangulation obstructions. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:1597–1601)
Case-control study of risk factors for the development of laminitis in the contralateral limb in Equidae with unilateral lameness
Authors: Peloso J. G. , Cohen N. D. , Walker M. A. , Watkins J. P. , Gayle J. M. , Moyer W. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To identify risk factors associated with development of laminitis of the supporting limb in Equidae with unilateral laminitis and to determine the radiographic appearance of this type of laminitis.

Design—
Retrospective analysis of medical records.

Animals—
20 Equidae with unilateral lameness that developed laminitis of the contralateral limb.

Procedure—
Case animals were compared with matched and unmatched populations of control animals that did not develop contralateral limb laminitis. Lateromedial radiographic projections of affected feet were evaluated for evidence of laminitis.

Results—
Body weight of case animals was not significantly different from that of control animals, but number of days that control animals were lame prior to recovery was significantly less than number of days that case animals were lame prior to the onset of laminitis. Lateromedial radiographic projections of the foot of the support limb were available for 16 of the 20 case animals. For all 16, thickness of the soft tissue dorsal to the distal phalanx was > 29% of the palmar cortical length of the distal phalanx, but only 1 had evidence of rotation of the distal phalanx. The proportion of case animals that were euthanatized was significantly greater than the proportion of control animals that were euthanatized.

Clinical Implications—
Duration of lameness, but not body weight, was a risk factor for development of laminitis in the contralateral limb in Equidae with unilateral lameness, and animals that developed this complication were more likely to be euthanatized than were animals that did not. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:1746–1749)
Vestibulovaginal stenosis in dogs: 18 cases (1987–1995)
Authors: Kyles Andrew E. , Vaden Shelley , Hardie Elizabeth M. , Stone Elizabeth A. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To evaluate vestibulovaginal stenosis in dogs.

Design—
Retrospective study.

Animals—
18 dogs with vestibulovaginal stenosis diagnosed between January 1987 and June 1995.

Procedure—
Signalment, results of physical examination, and diagnostic testing, treatment, and outcome were analyzed.

Results—
Mean age at initial examination was 4.6 years. Problems reported by the owners included signs of chronic urinary tract infection (6 dogs), urinary incontinence (4), failure to mate (4), signs of chronic vaginitis (2), and inappropriate urination (1). One dog did not have evidence of a clinical problem. Vestibulovaginal stenosis was detected by means of digital vaginal examination (18/18 dogs), vaginoscopy (17/17 dogs), and positive-contrast vaginography (9/10 dogs). Bacteria were isolated from the urine of 11 of 15 dogs. Twelve of 18 dogs were treated. Manual dilation (4 dogs) and T-shaped vaginoplasty (4) were less successful than vaginectomy (2) or resection of the stenotic area (3). Four of 6 dogs with signs of recurrent urinary tract infection underwent surgical correction, and none of these dogs subsequently had urinary tract infection. Three of 4 dogs with urinary incontinence responded to medical or surgical treatment for sphincter incompetence or for ectopic ureters.

Clinical Implications—
Surgical correction of vestibulovaginal stenosis is indicated in dogs that have mating difficulties or signs of recurrent urinary tract infection or chronic vaginitis, but stenosis is probably an incidental finding in most dogs with urinary incontinence. Vaginectomy and vaginal resection and anastomosis are the preferred surgical options. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:1889–1893)
Prevalence of rabies in bats in Michigan, 1981–1993
Authors: Feller Michelle J. , Kaneene John B. , Stobierski Mary Grace 
Published: December 2023

Objectives
To analyze the species distribution of animals submitted to the Michigan Department of Public Health (MDPH) for rabies testing during 1993. To determine whether any of the 9 species of bats residing in Michigan carries a disproportionate rabies burden, and to determine whether bats contributed the most cases of confirmed rabies during 1981 through 1992.

Design
Epidemiologic study.

Procedure
Records of animals submitted to the MDPH for rabies testing during 1993, and between 1981 and 1992, were reviewed. Information regarding type of animal submitted, specific species if the animal was a bat, county from which the animal was obtained, the identity of the submitting individual, species of the animal exposed, month of the submission, and results of rabies testing was extracted from these reords.

Results
During 1993, the MDPH received 2,045 submissions for rabies testing. Seventeen rabid animals were identified: 1 cat, 1 skunk, and 15 bats. Two hundred forty-six bats were submitted for testing. Eptesicus fuscus, the big brown bat, accounted for 97.2% (239) of bat submissions and was the only species of bat that had positive results of testing for rabies. Annual percentages of submitted bats found to be rabid ranged from 2.0 to 11.0%, with a 13-year mean of 6.2%.

Conclusions
100% of the confirmed cases of rabies in bats reported in Michigan in 1993 were associated with in E fuscus. During 1981 through 1992, most of Michigan's confirmed cases of rabies in animals developed in bats.
Prevalence and inheritance of and selection for hip dysplasia in seven breeds of dogs in Sweden and benefit:cost analysis of a screening and control program
Authors: Swenson Lennart , Audell Lars , Hedhammar Åke 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the prevalence and changes over time in the prevalence of hip dysplasia; to ascertain whether prevalence or severity of hip dysplasia was associated with sex of the dogs, age at which coxofemoral joint status was evaluated, or ancestral background; to determine the effects of selective breeding; and to conduct an economic evaluation of the hip dysplasia program operated by the Swedish Kennel Club.

Design
Analysis of radiographic evaluations of coxofemoral joint conformity.

Animals
83,229 dogs from 7 breeds registered by the Swedish Kennel Club.

Procedure
All radiographs were scrutinized by a single radiologist (LA), and coxofemoral joint conformation was classified as normal or dysplastic, with the degree of dysplasia classified as 1, 2, 3, or 4.

Results
Decreasing prevalence of hip dysplasia corresponding to selection of breeding stock and high heritabilities was found. Sex differences were documented in 3 of the breeds. This was interpreted as breed differences in the distribution of genes related to hip dysplasia. Economic analyses showed that costs of screening and registration of coxofemoral joints was less than the value of dogs estimated to have been saved from moderate, severe, or very severe hip dysplasia in 6 of the breeds.

Clinical Implications
Documented effects of age suggest that all dogs should be screened at the same age, rather than screening a few dogs at an older, more revealing age. In screening and control programs based on an open registry with access to family records, decreasing prevalence of hip dysplasia can be expected, and related to selection of breeding stock.