bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation, Thermal Behaviour and Crystal Structure of the Basic Mercury(II) Tetraoxotellurate(VI), Hg2TeO5, and Redetermination of the Crystal Structure of Mercury(II) Orthotellurate(VI), Hg3TeO6
Authors: Weil Matthias 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSingle crystals of Hg2TeO5 were obtained as dark‐red parallelepipeds by reacting stoichiometric amounts of Hg(NO3)2 · H2O and H6TeO6 under hydrothermal conditions (250 °C, 10d). The crystal structure (space group Pna21, Z = 4, a = 7.3462(16), b = 5.8635(12), c = 9.969(2)Å, 1261 structure factors, 50 parameters, R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.0295) is characterized by corner‐sharing [TeO6] octahedra forming isolated chains [TeO4/1O2/2] which extend parallel to [100]. The two crystallographically independent Hg atoms are located in‐between the chains and interconnect the chains via common oxygen atoms. Amber coloured single crystals of Hg3TeO6 were prepared by heating a mixture of Hg, HgO and TeO3 together with small amounts of HgCl2 as mineralizer in an evacuated and sealed silica glass tube (520 °C). The previously reported crystal structure has been re‐investigated by means of single crystal X‐ray data which reveal a symmetry reduction from Ia3¯d to Ia3¯ (Z = 16, a = 13.3808(6) Å, 609 structure factors, 33 parameters, R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.0221). The crystal structure is made up of a body‐centred packing of [TeO6] octahedra with the Hg atoms situated in the interstices of this arrangement. Upon heating, both title compounds decompose in a one‐step mechanism under formation of TeO2 and loss of the appropriate amounts of elementary mercury and oxygen.
Polysulfonylamine. CLXII [1] Kristallstrukturen von Metall‐di(methansulfonyl)amiden. 11 [2] Das dreidimensionale Koordinationspolymer K[(CH3SO2)2N] II: Eine chirale Struktur mit vier unabhängigen Formeleinheiten, Pseudozentrosymmetrie der Kristallpackung und Konformationsisomorphie des Anions
Authors: Moers Oliver , Blaschette Armand , Jones Peter G. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractVon Kalium‐dimesylamid, K[(CH3SO2)2N] (KA), wurden bei Raumtemperatur aus unterschiedlichen Medien zwei monokline Modifikationen isoliert und bei —100 °C durch Einkristall‐Röntgenbeugung charakterisiert. In der zuvor veröffentlichten zentrosymmetrischen Struktur von KA I (P21/c, Z′ = 1) liegt das Anion in einer extrem seltenen Konformation der Punktgruppe C1 vor, während die chirale Struktur von KA II (P21, Z′ = 4) drei unabhängige Anionen mit normaler C2‐Symmetrie und ein weiteres mit erheblicher C1‐Verformung aufweist. Außerdem stehen im Kristall von KA II die Ionen paarweise über ein Pseudoinversionszentrum miteinander in Beziehung, so daß der Packung die Pseudosymmetrie P21/c mit Z′ = 2 zukommt. Beide Modifikationen bilden dreidimensionale Koordinationspolymere, in welchen jedes der fünf unabhängigen Anionen alle Sauerstoffatome und das Stickstoffatom in κ1‐ oder μ2‐Bindungen zu fünf oder sechs Kationen einbringt und hierbei ein jeweils anderes Konnektivitätsmuster aufbaut. Die Koordinationspolyeder der Kationen beruhen in KA I auf einer (O6N)‐Umgebung, die einem verzerrten Oktaeder mit einer zweifach besetzten Ecke nahekommt, in KA II auf zwei (O7)‐Sphären in Form von einfach überdachten verzerrten Oktaedern und zwei (O4N2)‐Sphären mit trigonal‐prismatischer Geometrie. Demnach weist die aus vier unabhängigen Formeleinheiten bestehende Struktur von KA II sowohl Konformations‐ als auch Koordinationsisomorphie auf, während das Strukturpaar KA I/KA II einen Fall von gleichzeitig auftretender Konformations‐ und Koordinationsdimorphie darstellt. In beiden Strukturen existieren schwache Wasserstoffbrücken des Typs C—H···O.
A System for Tracking Down Hydrogen Positions in Crystal Structures
Authors: Hirsch Tomas K. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractHydrogen conformations in [Ta6Br12(H2O)6]X2 · trans — [Ta6Br12(OH)4(H2O)2] · 18H2O (X = Cl or Br), [Ta6Br12(H2O)6]8 · (ZnBr4)8 · 96H2O, Na6[RuO2{TeO4(OH)2}2] · 16H2O, and Na5[Ag{TeO4(OH)2}2] · 16H2O were modeled from a set of simple rules. The systems are quite complex, but subsequent energy optimizations show that it is possible to make quite good predictions of where the hydrogen atoms are situated.
New Mixed Ligand Copper(II) Complexes: Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Cu(Imid)2(H2O)L with Imid = Imidazole, L = Succinic and Fumaric Anions
Authors: Zheng Yue‐Qing , Lin Jian‐Li , Ying Er‐Bo 
Published: June 2004

AbstractReactions of freshly prepared Cu(OH)2—2x(CO3)x · yH2O and imidazole (Imid) with succinic acid and fumaric acid, respectively, in CH3OH/H2O yields Cu(Imid)2(H2O)L with L = (C4H4O4)2— (1) and (C4H2O4)2— (2). Both isostructural complexes consist of 1D [Cu(Imid)2(H2O)L2/2] polymeric chains, in which the T‐shaped [Cu(Imid)2(H2O)]2+ moieties are bridged by bis‐monodentate dicarboxylato ligands. Through the interchain hydrogen bonds between the coordinating H2O molecule and the non‐coordinating carboxylate O atom, the polymeric chains are assembled into 2D layers, which are further assembled via interlayer N—H···O hydrogen bonds between imidazole N atom and the coordinating carboxylato O atom. Thermal analyses of 1 under N2 stream showed that dehydration is immediately followed by decomposition of the anhydrous “Cu(Imid)2(C4H4O4)” intermediate into imidazole and “Cu(C4H4O4)”. Upon further heating, sublimation of imidazole is followed by dissociation of the resulting “Cu(C4H4O4)” into CO, CO2, C2H4 in gaseous phase and solid CuO as residue. Crystal data: (1) C2/c (no. 15), a = 13.712(2), b = 5.589(1), c = 17.517(2)Å, β = 105.76(1)°, U = 1292.0(3)Å3, Z = 4; (2) C2/c (no. 15), a = 13.758(2), b = 5.501(1), c = 17.464(2)Å, β = 106.05(2)°, U = 1270.2(3)Å3, Z = 4.
Ligand Substitution Reactions on Aquapentachloro‐ and Hexachloroplatinic Acid — Synthesis and Characterization of Tetrachloroplatinum(IV) Complexes with Heterocyclic N, N Donors
Authors: Gaballa Akmal , Wagner Christoph , Schmidt Harry , Steinborn Dirk 
Published: June 2004

AbstractReactions of aquapentachloroplatinic acid, (H3O)[PtCl5(H2O)]·2(18C6)·6H2O (1) (18C6 = 18‐crown‐6), and H2[PtCl6]·6H2O (2) with heterocyclic N, N donors (2, 2′‐bipyridine, bpy; 4, 4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2, 2′‐bipyridine, tBu2bpy; 1, 10‐phenanthroline, phen; 4, 7‐diphenyl‐1, 10‐phenanthroline, Ph2phen; 2, 2′‐bipyrimidine, bpym) afforded with ligand substitution platinum(IV) complexes [PtCl4(N∩N)] (N∩N = bpy, 3a; tBu2bpy, 3b; Ph2phen, 5; bpym, 7) and/or with protonation of N, N donor yielding (R2phenH)2[PtCl6] (R = H, 4a; Ph, 4b) and (bpymH)+ (8). With UV irradiation Ph2phen and bpym reacted with reduction yielding platinum(II) complexes [PtCl2(N∩N)] (N∩N = Ph2phen, 6; bpym, 9). Identities of all complexes were established by microanalysis as well as by NMR (1H, 13C, 195Pt) and IR spectroscopic investigations. Molecular structures of [PtCl4(bpym)]·MeOH (7) and [PtCl2(Ph2phen)] (6) were determined by X‐ray diffraction analyses. Differences in reactivity of bpy/bpym and phen ligands are discussed in terms of calculated structures of complexes [PtCl5(N∩N)]— with monodentately bound N, N ligands (N∩N = bpy, 10a; phen, 10b; bpym, 10c).
Trans‐bis(saccharinato)cadmium(II) Complexes with 2‐Pyridylethanol: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Spectral and Thermal Characterization of [Cd(sac)2(pyet)2] and [Cd(sac)2(H2O)(dmso)(pyet)]
Authors: Yilmaz Veysel T. , Hamamci Sevim , Thöne Carsten 
Published: June 2004

AbstractTwo trans saccharinate (sac) complexes of cadmium(II) with 2‐pyridylethanol (pyet) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, FT—IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis and single crystal X‐ray diffractometry. The [Cd(sac)2(pyet)2] (1) and [Cd(sac)2(H2O)(dmso)(pyet)] (2) complexes crystallize in the monoclinic (P21/c) and orthorhombic [P212121] crystal systems, respectively. The sac ligands in both complexes are N‐coordinated and located in trans positions, while the pyet molecules act as a bidentate N‐ and O‐donor ligand forming two six‐membered chelate rings. Thermal decomposition of the complexes in air results in elimination of aqua, dmso and pyet ligands, respectively, forming cadmium saccharinate as a stable intermediate, which also decomposes at higher temperatures to give cadmium oxide.
Some Extremal Contractions Between Smooth Varieties Arising From Projective Geometry
Authors: Alzati Alberto , Russo Francesco 
Published: June 2004

We construct explicit examples of elementary extremal contractions, both birational and of fiber type, from smooth projective n‐dimensional varieties, with n ⩾ 4, onto smooth projective varieties, arising from classical projective geometry and defined over sufficiently small fields, not necessarily algebraically closed.The examples considered come from particular special homaloidal and subhomaloidal linear systems, which are usually degenerations of general phenomena classically investigated by Bordiga, Severi, Todd, Room, Fano, Semple and Tyrrell and more recently by Ein and Shepherd‐Barron.The first series of examples is associated to particular codimension 2 determinantal smooth subvarieties of Pm, with 3 ⩽ m ⩽ 5. We get another series of examples by considering special cubic hypersurfaces through some surfaces in P5, or some 3‐folds in P7 having one apparent double point. The last examples come from an intriguing birational elementary extremal contraction in dimension 6, studied by Semple and Tyrrell and fully described in the last section of the paper. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 14E05 (primary), 14N05 (secondary).
Messianic Ecumenism: Missiological Reflections
Authors: Jongeneel Jan 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn this article the author pleads for a new type of ecumenism. We are known with the Christian ecumenical movement. K.-J. Kuschel has proposed an Abrahamic ecumenism of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Jongeneel comes with a plea for a messianic ecumenism, a going together of all people striving for a universal breaking away from sin and crime to resist the de facto demonic pressure of those who want to subjugate fellow humans and to strive for a brighter future on six continents.
Who, with whom, about what? Exploring the Landscape of Inter-Religious Dialogue
Authors: Kuester Volker 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn this article the author presents a new way of approaching people adhering to other religions. After a discussion of the meetings and relationships between Christianity, Judaism and Islam, and those between Christianity and Hinduism, Buddhism or African religion he tries to create a new space between inclusivism and exclusivism. He calls this space the 'third space'. It is an 'in-between', a meeting place for the dialogue of life, a place of wisdom for the dialogue of the mind, and a place of spiritual experiences for the dialogue of the heart. Theologically speaking it is a space of transcendence that for each religion is filled in a distinct way.
Ecclesiogenesis: The Patchwork of New Religious Communities in Brazil
Authors: Troch Lieve 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis article presents a survey of the latest developments in the religious world of Brazil. The author discusses the newest developments in the Roman Catholic Church moving from an orientation on the liberation theology towards an approach directed to a more individual perception of faith. Furthermore she pays attention to Candomblé, the religion of many blacks in Brazil, the roots of which can be traced to Africa, to New Age and to the Pentecostal churches. A very interesting phenomenon is the impact of the scholars. From the religious point of view Brazil is a very interesting country because of the ecclesiogenesis taking place in the country, an emergence of new churches and religious movements.
Mithradates' Antidote – A Pharmacological Ghost
Authors: Totelin Laurence 
Published: June 2004

AbstractTwo kinds of sources are available to the historian to reconstruct the first centuries of the history of Mithradates' antidote: biographical information on Mithradates' interests in medicine, and a series of recipes. In this paper I argue that we cannot reconstruct the original recipe of Mithridatium from our existing sources. Instead, I examine how the Romans remodelled the history of the King's death and used the royal name to create a "Roman" drug. This drug enjoyed a huge popularity in the first centuries of the Roman Empire. An Emperor, Marcus Aurelius, consumed it as well as members of the upper class; and many highly literate physicians recommended it notwithstanding the medical sect they were belonging to. With all its expensive ingredients, and its claim to work as a panacea, Mithridatium responded to a real demand in a Roman Empire at its commercial and political apogee.
Anatomy of a Dispute: Leonardo, Pacioli and Scientific Courtly Entertainment in Renaissance Milan
Authors: Azzolini Monica 
Published: June 2004

AbstractHistorians have recently paid increasing attention to the role of the disputation in Italian universities and humanist circles. By contrast, the role of disputations as forms of entertainment at fifteenth-century Italian courts has been somewhat overlooked. In this article, the Milanese "scientific duel" (a courtly disputation) described in Luca Pacioli's De divina proportione is taken as a vantage point for the study of the dynamics of scientific patronage and social advancement as reflected in Renaissance courtly disputes. Pacioli names Leonardo da Vinci as one of the participants in the Milanese dispute. In this paper I argue that Leonardo's Paragone and Pacioli's De divina proportione are likewise the outcome of the Milanese "scientific duel." By challenging the traditional hierarchy of the arts, they both exemplify the dynamics of social and intellectual promotion of mathematicians and artists in the privileged setting of Renaissance courts, where courtly patronage could subvert the traditional disciplinary rankings.
Missiology as Global Conversation of (Contextual) Theologies
Authors: Kim Kirsteen 
Published: June 2004

AbstractMissiology and contextual theology are related but not equivalent. Missiology arose from the study of mission activity in the former mission fields of Africa, Asia and Latin America but has come to be understood as the study of the mission of God in the whole world in which the church participates. Global and cross-cultural perspectives are essential to missiology and these challenge all theological parochialism. There is a danger that contextual theology degenerates into relativism, but in mission all theologies are challenged to recognize their own contextuality and at the same time their common Christian confession. Grounded in an understanding of missio Dei that includes a creation theology of the Holy Spirit, missiology can and should affirm contextual theologizing while encouraging and facilitating theologians from different contexts to pursue a global conversation. "Conversation" is preferred over "dialogue" because there are many partners from around the world, various means of conversing, and widely varying access to social power among the participants.
The Future of Mission in the World Council of Churches: The Dialogue between Lesslie Newbigin and Konrad Raiser
Authors: Goheen Michael 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn this article, Michael W. Goheen summarizes and evaluates a debate between ecumenical pioneer Lesslie Newbigin and former WCC general secretary Konrad Raiser. Raiser exemplifies a trinitarian approach to ecumenism and mission that recognizes the universal presence of the Holy Spirit among all peoples and religions, and so would cease to have a Christocentric focus. For Newbigin, while a trinitarian approach to ecumenism and mission is of paramount importance, an abandonment of the centrality and universality of Jesus Christ is something that cannot be abandoned. In the end, says Goheen, the differences between Raiser and Newbigin are differences revolving around the meaning of Jesus Christ and his atoning work on the cross.
Transcriptional activation of hTERT through the NF-κB pathway in HTLV-I–transformed cells
Authors: Sinha-Datta Uma , Horikawa Izumi , Michishita Eriko , Datta Abhik , Sigler-Nicot Janitzia C. , Brown Megan , Kazanji Mirdad , Barrett J. Carl , Nicot Christophe 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn immortal cells, the existence of a mechanism for the maintenance of telomere length is critical. In most cases this is achieved by the reactivation of telomerase, a cellular reverse transcriptase that prevents telomere shortening. Here we report that the telomerase gene (hTERT) promoter is up-regulated during transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I) to primary T cells in vitro and in ex vivo adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) samples, but not asymptomatic carriers. Although Tax impaired induction of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA in response to mitogenic stimulation, transduction of Tax into primary lymphocytes was sufficient to activate and maintain telomerase expression and telomere length when cultured in the absence of any exogenous stimulation. Transient transfection assays revealed that Tax stimulates the hTERT promoter through the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway. Consistently, Tax mutants inactive for NF-κB activation could not activate the hTERT or sustain telomere length in transduced primary lymphocytes. Analysis of the hTERT promoter occupancy in vivo using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays suggested that an increased binding of c-Myc and Sp1 is involved in the NF-κB–mediated activation of the hTERT promoter. This study establishes the role of Tax in regulation of telomerase expression, which may cooperate with other functions of Tax to promote HTLV-I–associated adult T-cell leukemia.
A novel type 2A von Willebrand factor mutation located at the last nucleotide of exon 26 (3538G&gt;A) causes skipping of 2 nonadjacent exons
Authors: James Paula D. , O'Brien Lee A. , Hegadorn Carol A. , Notley Colleen R. P. , Sinclair Gary D. , Hough Christine , Poon Man-Chiu , Lillicrap David 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn this manuscript, we describe a case of type 2A von Willebrand disease (VWD) caused by the novel heterozygous G&gt;A transition at nucleotide 3538, which should result in the putative, nonconservative substitution of G1180R. This mutation was reproduced by site-directed mutagenesis; however, the recombinant mutant protein was efficiently secreted from cells and assembled correctly into multimers. Because the substitution is located at the last nucleotide of exon 26, the patient's platelet von Willebrand factor (VWF) mRNA was analyzed and 3 transcripts were observed: the normal transcript without the 3538G&gt;A transition, a transcript with the in-frame deletion of exon 26, and a transcript with the in-frame deletions of exons 23 and 26. These deletion VWF cDNA constructs were created and the resulting recombinant proteins were analyzed following transfection into COS-7 cells. Cotransfection results demonstrate that the exon-skipped transcripts led to intracellular retention, and the levels of VWF antigen (VWF:Ag) produced by these constructs were as follows: del23/26&lt;del26&lt; G1180R≤wild type. The homozygous exon-skipped transcripts show the presence of only the lowest molecular weight multimers. The G&gt;A transition at nucleotide (nt) 3538 does not result in the expression of the G1180R missense mutation, but rather leads to exon skipping, which is the pathogenic basis of the patient's phenotype. This is the first report of a coding region mutation resulting in the skipping of 2 nonadjacent exons. (Blood. 2004;104:2739-2745)
A computational model of human granulopoiesis to simulate the hematotoxic effects of multicycle polychemotherapy
Authors: Engel Christoph , Scholz Markus , Loeffler Markus 
Published: June 2004

AbstractModerate intensification of conventional multicycle chemotherapy has recently been shown to improve treatment results in malignant lymphomas and might prove to be beneficial also in other malignancies. However, the feasibility of such regimens is mainly limited by their granulopoietic toxicity. To identify and quantify the basic cell kinetic mechanisms of damage and stimulation caused by cytotoxic drugs and recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF), respectively, we developed a mathematical model of human granulopoiesis that allows simulation of leukocyte concentration profiles under 10 different multicycle polychemotherapy regimens with varying drug composition, dosage, and scheduling, including rhG-CSF assistance. Clinical data on leukocyte profiles were obtained from large numbers of patients treated within several multicenter trials. Simulation studies show that the leukocyte profiles of all regimens can be appropriately fitted using one single set of assumptions and parameters for the cell kinetic effects of cytotoxic drugs and rhG-CSF. Furthermore, the model can be used to explain the interindividual heterogeneity of hematotoxicity by a differential chemosensitivity, which might be useful in drug scheduling for specific risk groups. It is demonstrated that the model can be used to design and to select new drug schedules for subsequent clinical trial testing.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism (C677T), hyperhomocysteinemia, and risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease and venous thromboembolism: prospective and case-control studies from the Copenhagen City Heart Study
Authors: Frederiksen Jeppe , Juul Klaus , Grande Peer , Jensen Gorm B. , Schroeder Torben V. , Tybjærg-Hansen Anne , Nordestgaard Børge G. 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with ischemic cardiovascular disease (ICD) and venous thromboembolism (VTE). We tested the hypothesis that methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T homozygosity with hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with ICD and VTE. First, 9238 randomly selected whites from the general population were followed for 23 years. Second, 2125 whites with ischemic heart disease and 836 whites with ischemic cerebrovascular disease were compared with 7568 controls from the general population. Plasma homocysteine was elevated 25% in homozygotes versus noncarriers (P &lt; .001) and 19% in ICD/VTE cases versus controls (P &lt; .001). In prospective studies adjusted hazard ratios for ICD and VTE for homozygotes versus noncarriers did not differ from 1.0. Furthermore, MTHFR C677T homozygosity was not associated with increased risk of ICD or VTE in subgroups after stratification for sex, age, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), fibrinogen, triglycerides, body mass index, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and factor V Leiden genotype. Finally, in case-control studies odds ratios for ischemic heart disease and ischemic cerebrovascular disease in homozygotes versus noncarriers did not differ from 1.0. In conclusion, MTHFR C677T homozygosity with hyperhomocysteinemia is not associated with ICD or VTE; however, ICD/VTE is associated with hyperhomocysteinemia. Therefore, ICD and VTE may cause hyperhomocysteinemia, rather than vice versa.