bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Permainan Ular tangga Terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan Pencegahan Penyakit Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever
Authors: Sari Komala , Fadhilah Umu , Agnes Oktavia Dhea 
Published: November 2023

Kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di kota Tanjungpinang telah mengalami peningkatan. Kasus DBD banyak menyerang anak usia sekolah. Promosi kesehatandiperlukan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan anak tentang DBD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh permainan edukatif ular tangga terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan siswa dalam mencegah penyakit Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever pada siswa kelas IV di SD Negeri 002 Tanjungpinang Timur. Desain penelitian adalah kuantitatif dengan jenis pendekatan Pre Eksperimental menggunakan rancangan one group pretest and posttest design. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 32 siswa/siswi kelas IV. Hasil analisis bivariat menggunakan uji T berpasangan (Paired T-test) menunjukkan ada pengaruh promosi kesehatan dengan metode permainan ular tangga terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan siswa tentang pencegahan DBD dengan P value 0,000. Saran kepada pihak sekolah untuk bekerja sama dengan pelayanan kesehatan untuk memberikan sosialisasi tentang pencegahan penyakit demam berdarah dengue terhadap anak dengan mengembangkan media permainan edukatif ular tangga sebagai media promosi kesehatan.
Dictive Factors of Dental Anxiety in Adult Patients at a Tertiary Dental Hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Adewale Adedotun , Oladipupo Taiwo J  , Taiwo Babatunde E  , Adewinle Funmilola E  , Matthew Ayodele  
Published: November 2023

Objective: This study was designed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of dental anxiety among adult patients attending a tertiary dental hospital in Nigeria, while also identifying potential predictors of dental anxiety.
Method: A total of 177 adult dental patients completed a self -administered questionnaire comprising socio-demographic information and other information relating to medical conditions, pain, health insurance coverage, previous dental visits and self-perception of oral health. Dental anxiety was assessed with the Modified dental anxiety scale.
Result: The prevalence of dental anxiety was 10.73% (MDAS=19-25) with overall severity mean score of 13.36±3.41. Age and sex were associated with the level of dental anxiety (p-values of 0.027 and 0.007 respectively). Moreover, age, sex and level of education were associated with mean anxiety levels (p-values of 0.043, 0.009 and 0.015 respectively). Previous dental visits and self-perception of oral health were associated with dental anxiety (p-values of 0.034 and < 0.001 respectively). Sex, marital status, previous dental visits and self-oral health perception were predictors of high dental anxiety (p-values of 0.028, 0.019, 0.033 and 0.001 respectively).
Conclusion: Demographic factors, previous dental visits and self-perception of oral health are associated with dental anxiety. Predictors of high dental anxiety are sex, marital status, previous dental visits and self-oral health perception.
Influence of Digit Sucking Habit on Masseter Muscle Thickness and Upper Airway Dimensions in Nigerian Children
Authors: Njokanma Ada , Otuyemi Olayinka , Kolawole Kikelomo 
Published: November 2023

Background: Digit sucking habit (DSH) generates functional forces that can influence craniofacial morphology. Although the dental effects have been widely reported, its influence on the masseter muscle thickness (MMT) and upper airway (UA) dimensions is not well known.

Methods: Thirty (30) children selected from the orthodontic clinic (OAUTHC), with a DSH were matched with a group of 30 children without a DSH. Each group comprised of 16 males and 14 females. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the masseter muscle (MM) was performed to measure the left and right MMT in the relaxed and contracted states. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained and 6 UA variables were measured on the x-ray. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20.0. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
Inferential statistics was done using independent sample t test to compare means.
Results: Participants in the DS group had a mean age of 7.7 ± 2.2 years, whereas those in the non-DS group had a mean age of 8.1 ± 2.1 years. The MM was generally thicker among the DS group, both in the contracted and relaxed states when compared with the non-DS group, but these differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The mean measurement of the width of the nasopharynx (P1) was significantly decreased among the DS group when compared with the non-DS group (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean values for the width of the oropharynx (P2), hypopharynx (P3), soft palate length (PNS-U1) and thickness (MPT) and the posterior bony boundary of the nasopharynx (PNS-Ba) between both groups. (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Digit sucking habit caused a statistically significant narrowing of the width of the nasopharynx (p<0.05). The MMT did not differ significantly between the DS and non-DS groups both in the relaxed and contracted states.
Self-care practices of pregnant women: A qualitative study in a Nigerian rural community
Authors: Etokidem AJ  , Benson Obu  
Published: November 2023

Context: Inadequate self-care during pregnancy is a contributor to the poor maternal health indices in Cross River State; including the high maternal mortality ratio of 2,000/100,000 live births.
Objectives: The objectives of the study were to identify self-care practices adopted by women during pregnancy and delivery and to identify barriers to quality self care.
Methods: Focus Group Discussions, Key informant interviews and in-depth interviews were conducted among pregnant women, women of reproductive age and other stakeholders in Biase Local Government Area of Cross River State.
Results: The study revealed inadequate knowledge and practice of self-care during pregnancy. Some pregnant women were unable to recognize early signs of pregnancy while others, especially young unmarried girls, tried to hide the pregnancy. Barriers to effective self-care identified included myths and misconceptions, especially the belief that health-related events during pregnancy are caused by witches and wizards, lack of preparation for pregnancy and abandonment of pregnant women by partners, usually due to unwillingness and/or inability to father the child.
Conclusion: There is need for pre-marital and pre-natal counselling and health education so as to address identified gaps in knowledge and practice and lack of male involvement in maternal healthcare.
The Prevalence of Microalbuinuria & Associated Risk Factors at the Time of Diagnosis among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh
Authors: Ferdous Rumana , Rahman Md. Mamunur , Ara Chaman , Khurshid Md. Hasan Al , Rumu Humayra 
Published: November 2023

Background: The presence of albumin in the urine is a marker of glomerular involvement in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), depicting diabetic nephropathy. Strict glycemic control can prevent and delay the occurrence of microalbuminuria and other diabetic complications. Therefore, this study evaluated the prevalence of microalbuinuria & associated risk factors at the timi e of diagnosis among type 2 diabetic patients in Rajshahi city.
Methods: Between January 2019 and December 2019, a cross-sectional analytical study was collaboratively undertaken by the Department of Physiology at Rajshahi Medical College and the Diabetic Association Hospital in Rajshahi. Following an initial evaluation, patients underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for a conclusive diagnosis of DM. Subsequently, subjects were subjected to rigorous screening procedures based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study group A consisted of 80 diabetic subjects, while an equivalent number of age- and gender-matched non-diabetic individuals were recruited for study group B, with participants drawn from hospital staff, patients' relatives, and volunteers, resulting in a total of 80 participants in each group.
Results: The study findings showed that among the healthy adult group, 85% had normal fasting blood sugar (FBS), while 15% had impaired fasting sugar (IFG). Conversely, in the diabetic group, none had normal FBS or IFG. The mean urine microalbumin level was significantly higher in the diabetic group (24.63±14.75 mg/day) compared to the control group (11.59±5.41 mg/day), indicating abnormal levels in about one-third of diabetic respondents versus none in the healthy group. Additionally, all healthy adults had normal urine spot microalbumin levels, whereas 25 diabetic respondents exceeded normal levels.
Conclusion: Newly diagnosed diabetic patients showed higher levels of urine microalbumin compared to healthy adults, suggesting potential early markers for diabetic nephropathy. However, further large-scale prospective studies are required to confirm their clinical usefulness for routine screening.
Health Education Impact on Stigma and Discrimination against People Living with Humman Immunodeficient Virus Infection among Adolescents in South Western Nigeria- A Community Based Experimental Study
Authors: Amoran O. E.  , Oke O. O.  , Sodehinde K. O.  , Mautin G. B.  , Salami F. O.  , Salako A. A.  
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Young people in Nigeria constitute an important group due to their vulnerability and sexual inexperience and there are still relatively high levels of misconceptions and stigma. This study was therefore carried out to investigate effect of health education on stigma and discrimination of PLWHAs among adolescents in Ogun State, Nigeria.
Methodology: This was a quasi-experimental community-based study. The study was carried out in three (3) phases. A multistage random sampling technique was used in choosing the required samples for this study. Two Local Governments which was selected in the State formed the experimental and control groups. A semi-structured pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data analysis was done using SPSS statistical software version 19.
Results: A total of 215 participants were recruited into the study,31.2% were males, 52.6% were adolescents aged 10-14 years and 47.4% were aged 15-19 years, while 67.3% were Christians, both the control and experimental groups were similar[p=0.128]. Stigma scores at baseline were also correlated with knowledge scores. There was a weak negative but significant correlation between knowledge and stigma (r = -0.27, p<0.001). There was a significant reduction in stigma scores for both the intervention (t = 4.92, p <0.001) and control groups at 4 months post intervention (t = 4.33, p < 0.001). There was only a significant difference for family type, where the mean stigma scores were higher among respondents from polygamous homes and those with widowed parents compared to those from monogamous homes (F = 3.22, p = 0.008).
Conclusion: The study shows that adolescents from dysfunctional families such as polygamous homes and widowed parents had a significantly higher score. Establishment of Youth Friendly Clinics that would focus more on adolescents from dysfunctional homes is needed among adolescents in Nigeria and other low income population.
Pediatric, adult, and late onset multiple sclerosis: Cognitive phenotypes and gray matter atrophy
Authors: De Meo Ermelinda , Portaccio Emilio , Cortese Rosa , Ruano Luis , Goretti Benedetta , Niccolai Claudia , Patti Francesco , Chisari Clara , Gallo Paolo , Grossi Paola , Ghezzi Angelo , Roscio Marco , Mattioli Flavia , Stampatori Chiara , Simone Marta , Viterbo Rosa Gemma , Bonacchi Raffaello , Rocca Assunta Maria , Leveraro Elisa , Giorgio Antonio , De Stefano Nicola , Filippi Massimo , Inglese Matilde , Amato Maria Pia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivesWe aim to investigate cognitive phenotype distribution and MRI correlates across pediatric‐, elderly‐, and adult‐onset MS patients as a function of disease duration.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we enrolled 1262 MS patients and 238 healthy controls, with neurological and cognitive assessments. A subset of 222 MS patients and 92 controls underwent 3T‐MRI scan for brain atrophy and lesion analysis. Multinomial probabilistic models identified likelihood of belonging to cognitive phenotypes (“preserved‐cognition,” “mild verbal memory/semantic fluency,” “mild multi‐domain,” “severe attention/executive,” and “severe multi‐domain”) and experiencing MRI abnormalities based on disease duration and age at onset.ResultsIn all groups, the likelihood of “preserved‐cognition” phenotype decreased, whereas “mild multi‐domain” increased with longer disease duration. In pediatric‐ and adult‐onset patients, the likelihood of “mild verbal memory/semantic fluency” phenotypes decreased with longer disease duration, and that of “severe multi‐domain” increased with longer disease duration. Only in adult‐onset patients, the likelihood of “severe executive/attention” phenotype increased with longer disease duration. All groups displayed escalating probabilities of cortical, thalamic, hippocampal, and deep gray matter atrophy over disease course. Compared to adult, pediatric‐onset patients showed lower probability of experiencing thalamic atrophy with longer disease duration, while elderly‐onset showed higher probability of experiencing cortical and hippocampal atrophy.InterpretationAge at MS onset significantly influences the distribution of cognitive phenotypes and the patterns of regional gray matter atrophy throughout the disease course.
Shamrock‐Shaped D2–A–Cz Materials Featuring Trifluoromethyl Carbazole and Pyrimidine: a Tailored Host for Green Phosphorescent OLEDs
Authors: Gnanasekaran Premkumar , Cheng Ya‐Hsin , Wu Jia‐Fan , Peng Jun‐Kai , Chen Chia‐Yu , Chang Rong‐Miao , Vailassery Jijitha , Sun Shih‐Sheng , Chang Chih‐Hao , Chang Yuan Jay 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA new class of shamrock‐shaped D2–A–Cz and D2–A–D′ bipolar host materials is specifically designed to optimize performance in green phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices. These materials utilize 3,6‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐9H‐carbazole (CF3Cz) as the donor (D), and pyrimidine (Pym) or pyridine (Py) as the acceptor, with features of structural modifications aimed at enhancing stability and luminescence efficiency. In particular, the introduction of strong electron‐withdrawing CF3 groups helps stabilize the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level, while electron‐donating groups like tert‐butyl group, carbazole, and N,N‐dimethylamine destabilize the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), resulting in high triplet energy levels crucial for green OLED performance. CF3Cz–2CzPym exhibits outstanding electroluminescent properties when doped with Ir(ppy)3, achieving a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 18.5% and a luminance efficiency of 64.6 cd A−1 with a low turn‐on voltage of 2.6 V. Additionally, when combined with the electron‐transporting material bis‐4,6‐(3,5‐di‐3‐pyridylphenyl)‐2‐methylpyrimidine (B3PyMPM) to form a co‐host system, these materials further improve charge balance and green OLED efficiency, attaining a maximum EQE of 19.8% and a peak luminescence efficiency of 68.4 cd A−1. The strong electron‐withdrawing CF3 substituents at the 3 and 6 positions of carbazole firmly stabilizes the frontier molecular orbitals with high triplet energy.
Advancing SiC Coatings of Short‐Fiber Using Triethylsilane: Insights from FB‐CVD Deposition Process
Authors: Da Calva Mouillevois Thomas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study examines the use of triethylsilane (TES) as a non‐halogenated, less hazardous precursor in the Fluidized Bed ‐ Chemical Vapor Deposition (FB‐CVD) process for silicon carbide (SiC) coating on short fibers. It focuses on characterizing a pre‐matrix SiC layer over an interphase boron nitride (BN) coating, aiming to improve short‐fiber‐reinforced silicon carbide ceramic matrix composites (SiC/SiC CMCs). FB‐CVD is highlighted as a promising method for enhancing the applicability of discontinuous SiC/SiC CMCs. Advanced characterization techniquesScanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX), Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)—were used to analyze coated fibers. The findings reveal uniform, robust SiC coatings while preserving the BN layer. Notably, a stratified SiC structure, alternating between carbon‐rich and silicon‐rich zones, was observed. Auger spectroscopy and XPS provided insights into SiCx atomic composition and bonding environments. This research demonstrates TES's potential as an effective SiC precursor and advances understanding of FB‐CVD processes for short‐fiber coatings. The results pave the way for optimizing coating properties to enhance performance in SiC/SiC composites, opening new opportunities for further development.
Self‐Powered System by an Aerodynamic‐Complementary Triboelectric‐Electromagnetic Hybridized Generator with Triple‐Mode Switching Power Management Topology for Wide‐Range Wind Energy Collection and Climate Monitoring
Authors: Gao Sihang , Wang Rui , Feng Shaoxuan , Liu Yongxi , Deng Xiaoxin , Chen Jiajia , Min Guoqi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRotary wind energy harvester has always been the focus of attention in the field of self‐power technology. However, a conflict between start‐up and saturation rotation speed of wind energy harvester hinders the adaptive energy collection from low to strong wind speeds in different wind speed ranges. Herein, a self‐powered system by an aerodynamic‐complementary triboelectric‐electromagnetic hybridized generator (AC‐TEHG) equipped with a triple‐mode switching power management topology (TmSPMT) is proposed to achieve self‐adaptive power supply mode switching in response to different wind speed ranges. Specifically, AC‐TEHG integrates Savonius and wind cup miniaturized turbine to achieve layered energy collection over wide‐range wind speed regions (1.4–16.3 m s−1), where the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and electromagnetic generator (EMG) units have the excellent electrical output with Voc, Isc, and instantaneous peak power reaching 664 V/10.83 V, 35.96 µA/19.84 mA and 8.01 mW/62.45 mW, respectively. AC‐TEHG equipped with TmSPMT can effectively respond to different wind speed ranges of windlessness, low, medium, and high wind speeds for steadily powering commercial electronics. Finally, a wireless self‐powered climate monitoring system is developed to indicate that AC‐TEHG equipped with TmSPMT is a sustainable solution to efficiently power Internet of Things sensors in regions with variable wind speeds.
Monitoring of Single‐Cell Bacterial Lysis by Phages Within Integrated Optical Traps
Authors: Tartari Enrico , Villa Nicolas , de Villiers de la Noue Hugues , Glicenstein Simon , Picard Emmanuel , Marcoux Pierre R. , Zelsmann Marc , Hadji Emmanuel , Resch Grégory , Houdré Romuald 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe bacterial ecosystem is naturally balanced by viruses known as bacteriophages. Accordingly, they represent an emerging adjuvant to antibiotics to fight bacterial infections. However, the interaction of a single bacterium with bacteriophages remains poorly understood. Here, the use of nanoscale light engineering for the fundamental study of single bacterium‐phages interaction is demonstrated. The ability to monitor the lysis of single Escherichia coli cells challenged by two different types of bacteriophages in silicon‐on‐insulator photonic crystal (PhC) cavities is shown. These nanostructures allow for the optical trapping of a single phage‐infected bacterium and their resonant nature allows deciphering the viability of the bacterium by continuously sensing its interaction with the optical field. L3 and H2 PhC cavities are used for the experiments. While the L3 allows for a fine investigation of the bacterial outer membrane, the H2 allows for the optical trapping of the bacterium even after lysis. The analysis of the post‐lysis bacterial response provides information that correlates with phage‐specific properties. These results, obtained without any need for preliminary labeling nor bioreceptors, deepen the understanding of the fundamentals of bacteria‐phages interaction and pave the way to novel breakthrough tools for phage therapy and more generally for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
Wave‐Interference Photonic Crystals and Space Charge Engineering Enable Efficient Broadband Faint Light Detection in Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Photodetectors
Authors: Zhang Yibo , Almenabawy Sara , Vytas Gloria , Shayegannia Moein , Shen Jiabao , Wang Haozhe , Kherani Nazir P. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNoise current, detectivity, quantum efficiency, and response speed are critical metrics in evaluating organic/inorganic photodiodes. Herein, these metrics are simultaneously advanced in poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/native SiOx/n‐Si hybrid photodetectors, achieving excellent performance in detecting broadband faint light. Wave‐interference photonic crystals, comprising periodic microstructured inverse pyramids with nanometer‐scale mesa widths, are integrated into the Si absorber to effectively couple incident light for increased absorption, thereby balancing optics and conformal contact coverage. The developed photodetector comprises a deep depletion region and interfacial SiOx layer, enabling diffusion‐mitigated broadband photocarrier transport and effective charge collection, and suppressing carrier tunneling processes for low‐noise. An ultralow reverse dark current density of ≈2.46 × 10−8 A cm−2 at −0.4 V is realized for nanowatt‐level light detection. The photodetector showcases superlative properties among reported PEDOT:PSS–based inorganic heterojunctions, including a broadband external quantum efficiency of >≈80% from 340 to 960 nm (internal quantum efficiency of >≈90% from 380 to 840 nm), detectivity of >≈1012 Jones from 300 to 1140 nm, and microsecond response speed. This study provides practical insight for combining high‐absorption microstructures with space charge engineering for the development of high‐performance organic/inorganic hybrid photodetectors.
Application of Ultrafast Lasers: A Promising Route toward the Fabrication of Advanced Perovskite‐Based Devices
Authors: Zhang Yuhao , Lin Youqin , Lin Zongmin , Yan Zijun , Wang Shuli , Su Yuhan , Lin Yue , Kuo Hao‐Chung , Chen Zhong , Lai Shouqiang , Wu Tingzhu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPerovskite materials have received considerable research attention owing to their high carrier mobility, photoluminescence quantum yield, and light absorption coefficient. Their excellent optoelectronic properties and low material costs make them a strong competitive raw material for future electronic and high‐temperature superconducting materials. In particular, when applied to light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar cells, their high conversion efficiency and relatively simple preparation process make them revolutionary materials that may change the pattern of perovskite‐based devices and overcome the limits of industrialization. However, with the development of technology, traditional preparation and treatment methods for perovskites no longer meet the increasing demands of the industry. Laser technology is widely used owing to its remarkable compatibility with perovskite materials. Therefore, this review summarizes the applications of laser technology to perovskite materials, including laser‐induced nucleation and film formation, laser annealing, laser ablation, laser printing, and laser patterning, discusses the achievements of researchers in using laser technology to regulate perovskites in recent years, and highlights the prospects of perovskite‐based laser technology.