bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Postoperative Change in Hip Rotation Angle and Factors Contributing to It for Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Tateiwa Toshiyuki , Masaoka Toshinori , Takahashi Yasuhito , Ishida Tsunehito , Shishido Takaaki , Yamamoto Kengo 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
A possible impairment in hip proprioception after total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been an issue of concern. The aims of this study were to investigate the extent of early postoperative change in standing hip rotation angle (HRAng) in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) undergoing THA and to consider a possible mechanism behind this.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 82 hips (82 patients; 63 women and 19 men) undergoing unilateral primary THA with total capsulectomy were included. We characterized the standing HRAng and internal/external range of motion (ROM) in the prone position before THA and 2 weeks after THA. Acetabular/cup and femoral/stem anteversion, combined anteversion (CA), and leg length discrepancy were also characterized. Correlations were examined postoperatively between the HRAng and the other analyzed variables.

Results:

The median standing HRAng showed a significant internal shift from external to more medial position (6.3° to 1.7°) 2 weeks after THA (
P
<.0001). The postoperative change in standing HRAng was significantly negatively correlated with the difference between the postoperative femoral anteversion and the stem anteversion (
r
s
=−0.429,
P
<.0001) and with the pre- to postoperative change in CA (
r
s
=−0.3012,
P
=.0063).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that the extent of the rotational shift of the distal femur toward medial direction was significantly associated with increasing stem anteversion and CA. This phenomenon can be interpreted as a compensatory mechanism for maintaining the relative positional relationship between the pelvis and the proximal femur using proprioception. Therefore, we conclude that the extracapsular/extra-articular components may be prominent determinants of joint position sense. [
Orthopedics
. 2024;47(3):e114–e118.]
Ecología reproductiva de Cipadessa baccifera (Meliaceae)
Authors: Kala Grace Lankapalli , Suvarna Raju Palathoti , Solomon Raju Aluri Jacob 
Published: December 2023

Cipadessa baccifera es un arbusto leñoso que se propaga a través de semillas y raíces subterráneas. Las flores muestran androceo urceolado, protandria fuerte y receptividad del estigma mostrada por la cabeza del estilo turbinada que permite un mecanismo de polinización secundaria. Son autocompatibles, nectaríferas y producen los tres azúcares comunes y ciertos aminoácidos en el néctar, y también ciertos aminoácidos en el polen. Además, las flores presentan un síndrome de polinización generalista adaptado a la polinización por diferentes clases de insectos. Las abejas, avispas y mariposas actúan como polinizadores; el primer grupo efectúa principalmente geitonogamia, mientras que los otros dos, principalmente xenogamia. En esta especie, la autogamia espontánea no es funcional porque la protandria la impide. Sin embargo, los visitantes de las flores podrían efectuar la autogamia después de que el estigma alcance la receptividad, pero en ese momento los insectos han dispersado la mayor parte del polen de la flor. Las pruebas de polinización manual indicaron que la autogamia, la geitonogamia y la xenogamia manipuladas son funcionales con la mayor producción de frutos en el último modo. Tal sistema de reproducción indica la función de xenogamia facultativa que retrasa la autopolinización por protandria fuerte y promueve la polinización cruzada. El fruto es una drupa globular carnosa que produce de 5 a 10 semillas unidas por un arillo carnoso común. Los modos de dispersión de semillas son por ornitocoria, barocoria e hidrocoria. Por lo tanto, el modo dual de propagación, la xenogamia facultativa, el mecanismo de polinización secundaria, el síndrome de polinización generalista, la entomofilia y la policoria funcional de permite a C. baccifera crecer prolíficamente y ampliar su distribución en áreas donde no hay cobertura arbórea.
Larvicidal property and active compound profiling of Annona squamosa leaf extracts against two species of diptera, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi
Authors: Dey Piyali , Mandal Santa , Goyary Danswrang , Verma Anurag 
Published: December 2023

Background & objectives:
Vector control measures are important in lowering the spread of infections spread by mosquito. Synthetic pesticides used to suppress vector populations during the larval stage have had adverse impacts on people and the environment. The early III instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi were the targets of the current experiment, which assessed the larvicidal ability of petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, and aqueous extracts of Annona squamosa leaves.

Methods:
Using the standard World Health Organization (WHO) larval bioassay test, leaf extracts were evaluated for their activity against Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi to determine lethal doses. Phytochemical analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were carried out to identify larvicidal components in the extract. Further analysis using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was done to check the extracts toxicity for both mosquito larvae.

Results:
The larvicidal active components were identified by GC-MS as tetradecanoic acid, cis-vaccenic acid, and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol etc. Methanol leaf extracts of A. squamosa (ASME) exhibited strong larvicidal activity against the early 3rd instar larvae of Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi with Lethal concentration (LC50) values of 51.450 ppm and 107.121 ppm. Cell damages to the larva post exposure to ASME were examined.

Interpretation & conclusion:
This finding showed that the ASME has better larvicidal activity and its components that may be used to kill larvae as larvicides. The extracts toxicity towards damage of midgut of larva further suggests that this plant methanol leaf extracts could be effective in larval growth control approaches.
Primary Breast Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Wang Min-Hong , Hsiao Hui-Hua 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We reported a rare case and experience of successfully treating primary anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) of the breast with no history of breast implants, using a combination of novel brentuximab vedotin and chemotherapy. A 78-year-old woman presented with a painless lump over the left breast. The computed tomography scan revealed a 2.6-cm tumor in the left upper quadrant of the breast, along with enlarged lymph nodes in the left axilla, exhibiting similar imaging features to breast carcinoma. The definitive diagnosis was based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry stains consistent with ALCL. The patient received brentuximab vedotin in combination with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone (CHP) chemotherapy, as well as involved site radiation therapy (ISRT). The following image showed almost complete remission.
Risk Predictors for Mortality in Inpatients with Cancer and Coronavirus Disease 2019 during the Omicron Wave
Authors: Chen Kuan-Yu , Lai Chih-Cheng , Huang Chien-Tai , Feng Yin-Hsun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Patients with cancer are a high-risk population in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We analyzed the characteristics and risk factors for mortality in hospitalized patients with cancer and laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during the Omicron wave.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective, single-center, cohort study of 206 patients with cancer and SARS-CoV-2 infection in southern Taiwan. Clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and cancer characteristics were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors. Risk factors for mortality were identified by univariable and multivariable logistic regression models.

Results:
The median patient age was 69.5 years. Male preponderance was noted (65%). Comorbidities were present in 186 (90%) cases. A total of 113 (54%) patients had active cancer. Metastatic disease accounted for 78 (38%) cases, of whom 19 (9%) had lung metastasis. Sixty-four (31%) patients had active and progressing cancer status. The overall inhospital mortality rate was 17.4%. Univariate logistic regression revealed the following factors to be significantly associated with a higher risk of inhospital mortality among the patients with cancer and COVID-19: nosocomial COVID-19 infection (P = 0.037), lung metastasis (P = 0.005), received anticancer therapy in the preceding 3 months (P = 0.083), active and progressing cancer (P = 0.008), and quick Sequential Organ Function Assessment (qSOFA) score ≥2 (P < 0.001). However, only nosocomial infection (P = 0.021) and qSOFA score ≥2 (P < 0.001) were independent predictors of inhospital mortality in the multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Conclusion:
Cancer patients are a population vulnerable to the Omicron variant with higher mortality rate, especially those with nosocomial COVID-19 infection and those with a qSOFA score of ≥2 immediately after confirmation of COVID-19 infection. Thus, the rapid recognition of high-risk groups and nosocomial infection control are critical to prevent COVID-19 in patients with cancer.
Dermatology Core Curriculum in Medical School and its Association in the Selection of Dermatology as a Future Career: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shadid Asem M. , Albdaya Norah A. , Aldosari Mosfer S. , Habib Mohammed , Aldera Reema M. , Almohaimeed Danah H. , Altalhab Saad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
The shortfall of dermatology curricula during medical school greatly impacts the knowledge about common skin diseases and clinical skills. The lack of exposure to dermatology hampers the decision for students to consider pursuing dermatology and their preparation for matching.

Purpose:
The aims of this study were to assess the current state of dermatology curricula in medical school and to determine the relation of those factors to the selection of dermatology as a career.

Methods:
A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2020 and May 2021 using a previously published questionnaire distributed to 25 universities across all regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Results:
Out of 1411 participants, around half reported having only 1–4 h of basic and clinical dermatology lectures. Forty-four percent were required to rotate in dermatology. Half of the respondents were expected to treat acne, sexually transmitted diseases, herpes, and candidiasis after finishing the dermatology course. Students in clinical years (odds ratio [OR] = 0.6 and confidence interval [CI] = 0.39–0.92) and interns (OR = 0.54 and CI = 0.30–0.94) were more likely to consider dermatology as their future career. Having a dermatology program in their university tended to generate interest in dermatology as a career choice (OR = 2.24 and CI = 1.55–3.24). Compared to students who did not complete a core dermatology course, students who completed core dermatology courses were twice as likely to be interested in dermatology as a future career (OR = 1.91 and CI = 1.35–2.70).

Conclusion:
Including core dermatology topics in the medical curriculum can help address community health needs and give students needed clinical experience and a basis for considering dermatology as a career path.
Melasma in the United States: A Cross-sectional Study of Prevalence Data Using the All of Us Database
Authors: Verma Kritin K. , Dasuri Venkata S. , Friedmann Daniel P. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Although melasma is a common acquired facial dyschromia, its epidemiology in the general population has not been clearly elucidated.

Purpose:
To investigate the prevalence of melasma and its correlation with demographic factors, such as age and race, using the All of Us open-access database initiative from the National Institutes of Health in the United States.

Methods:
A cross-sectional statistical analysis of patients with a diagnosis of melasma in the All of Us open-access database initiative from the National Institutes of Health was performed.

Results:
A total of 744 reported cases of melasma were found in a population of 407,333 patients (0.18% prevalence) with a 19:1 female-to-male ratio. Patients in the 41–55 age groups had the highest prevalence and Hispanic and Asian patients were three times more likely to be represented than white and black patient populations.

Conclusion:
Asian and Hispanic race and a 41–55 year age group are correlated with a significantly greater prevalence of melasma. The prevalence rate for melasma in this database may be far lower than prior reported rates due to incorrect or missed coding within this database, which is billing code dependent.
Comparative Evaluation of Titanium-platelet-rich Fibrin and Leukocyte-platelet-rich Fibrin – A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Malgikar Suryakanth , Sisinty Vidya Sagar 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Titanium-prepared platelet-rich fibrin (T-PRF), a new autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) product, is based on the hypothesis that titanium tubes may be more effective in activating platelets when compared with Choukroun’s leukocyte and PRF (L-PRF) method. In this study, we aimed to define the structural characteristics under scanning electron microscopy of T-PRF and compare it with L-PRF.

Materials and Methods:
Blood samples were collected from 10 healthy volunteers. The blood samples were drawn using a 10 ml syringe. A volume of 9 ml was transferred to a dry glass tube, and 9 ml was transferred to a titanium tube and centrifuged. Half of each clot (i.e. after centrifugation, the T-PRF and L-PRF clots were collected) samples were processed with a scanning electron microscope analysis.

Results:
The T-PRF samples seemed to have a highly organized network with continuous integrity compared to the other L-PRF samples.

Conclusion:
Histomorphometry analysis showed that the T-PRF fibrin network covers a larger area than the L-PRF fibrin network, and also, fibrin seemed thicker in the T-PRF samples. The platelet activation by titanium seems to offer some high characteristics to T-PRF.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE TO INTERDISCIPLINARY DENTISTRY
Titanium-prepared platelet-rich fibrin (T-PRF), A new autologous platelet fibrin rich product can be used in regeneration of pulpal and periodontal tissues.
Comparative Evaluation of Metal Ion Release in Saliva of Patients Receiving Nickel–Chromium Crowns of Two Different Brands at Various Time Intervals Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer: An In vivo Study
Authors: Jain Riddhi , Vijayaraghavan Vasantha , Mundhe Darshana , Kadam Pankaj , Patil Rupali , Patil Seema 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate and compare saliva for metal ion release in patients receiving nickel–chromium crowns of two different brands at various time intervals using atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty participants were selected and divided into two groups, each group having 10 participants: Group 1 – nickel–chromium crown fabricated (Niveum) and cemented and Group 2 – nickel–chromium crown fabricated (Ruby Max White) and cemented. Saliva was collected before cementation of the crown and the 1st day, 7th day, and 30th day after cementation of the crown and subjected to spectrophotometric analysis by atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

Results:
In both the groups, traces of nickel and chromium ions were found on the 1st day, 7th day, and 30th day.

Discussion:
In Group 1 (Niveum), the traces of nickel ion were found on the 1st day (mean = 0.226), which increased on day 7 (mean = 0.433), and then a decline was observed in the number of ions on day 30 (mean = 0.218). The traces of chromium ion were found on the 1st day (mean = 0.100), which increased on day 7 (mean = 0.178), and then a decline was observed in the number of ions on day 30 (mean = 0.092). In Group 2 (Ruby Max White), after cementation of nickel–chromium crown, the traces of nickel and chromium were found on days 1, 7, and 30. The traces of nickel ions were found on day 1 (mean = 0.238), which increased by day 7 (mean = 0.455), and then a decline was observed in the number of ions on day 30 (mean = 0.224). The traces of chromium ions were found on day 1 (mean = 0.108), which increased by day 7 (mean = 0.191), and then a decline was observed in the number of ions on day 30 (mean = 0.102).

Conclusion:
The results showed that there was no significant release of nickel and chromium ions in saliva after 1 month for crowns made from Niveum brand and Ruby Max White brand.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE TO INTERDISCIPLINARY DENTISTRY
Crowns made of nickel chromium alloy are one of the commonly used treatment modalities in restorative dentistry. This in vivo study documents the fact that the presence of metal ions in saliva after restoration with a full metal crown is negligible thus allaying any fear of metal allergy/toxicity.
Oral Manifestations of Sinonasal Mucormycosis in Post-COVID Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Three Case Reports
Authors: Chandrashekaraiah Deepa , Kenkere Deepika 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Sinonasal mucormycosis is a debilitating disease known to affect the nose, paranasal sinuses, orbit, and brain parenchyma caused by a group of opportunistic fungal organisms called mucormycetes. The incidence of mucormycosis cases had increased during the pandemic. Mucormycosis commonly involves the rhinomaxillary region in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, hematological malignancies, prolonged corticosteroid therapy, or immunodeficiency state but has lately been reported as one of the post-COVID-19 complications. For more than a century, diabetic patients have been considered as immunosuppressed due to defects in phagocytosis and microbial killing. Post-COVID-19 patients with mucormycosis often report to the dentist at an early stage with tooth pain usually radiating or later with facial swelling and periodontally weakened teeth. Early diagnosis of this potentially life-threatening disease and prompt treatment are of prime importance in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. This article presents three cases of sinonasal mucormycosis in post-COVID-19/non-COVID-19 pneumonia-like symptoms recovered diabetic patients. This paper stresses the importance of identifying oral signs and symptoms that will help in the management of disease at an early stage and about the oral rehabilitation options in maxillectomy cases.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE TO INTERDISCIPLINARY DENTISTRY
As healthcare providers, we play a vital role in the early detection of mucormycosis cases.
The Application of Ultrasound Guidance in Electrodiagnostic Studies – A Narrative Review
Authors: Wei Kuo-Chang , Wu Chueh-Hung , Wang Tyng-Guey 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Electrodiagnostic studies, including nerve conduction study and electromyography, were conducted based on surface anatomy in a conventional manner. However, the anatomical variations and difficulty in the identification of target nerves or muscles render the accuracy of electrodiagnostic studies questionable. In recent years, high-resolution ultrasound (US) has been used to scan both the peripheral nerves and musculoskeletal system. Furthermore, an increasing number of clinicians have incorporated US into electrodiagnostic studies to achieve accurate sampling and prevent potential unwanted tissue injuries. In this review article, we present summarized information about the utility of US in assisting electrodiagnostic studies.
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Thickness and Stiffness of Achilles Tendon and Plantar Fascia in Type 2 Diabetics Patients: A Cross-sectional Observation Study
Authors: Saroha Amit , Saran Sonal , Saxena Sudhir , Kant Ravi , Bhadoria Ajeet Singh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) can contribute to the development of foot ulcers, a known complication of DM with a high financial and social burden. Achilles tendon (AT) and plantar fascia (PF) are well known to play an important role in foot biomechanics. The present study focuses on the alteration in thickness and stiffness of the AT and PF in Type 2 DM patients compared with the normal controls.

Methods:
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 55 DM patients and 55 healthy volunteers as controls. The thickness of the AT and PF were measured using B-mode ultrasound and stiffness was measured using shear wave elastography. Both the thickness and stiffness in the patient group and controls were compared. The values were also compared with the clinical and demographic profiles of the patients.

Results:
DM patients had considerably thicker AT and PF than controls (P < 0.05); mean values of AT thickness for DM patients and controls were 5.66 ± 0.54 mm and 4.61 ± 0.39 mm, respectively, and for PF were 2.53 ± 0.51 mm and 1.97 ± 0.19 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the stiffness of AT and PF was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in DM patients compared to controls, suggestive of softening of AT and PF in Type 2 DM patients. Mean values of shear wave velocity for DM patients and controls in AT were 5.53 ± 0.54 m/s and 7.25 ± 0.61 m/s, respectively, and for PF, 4.53 ± 0.89 m/s and 6.28 ± 0.88 m/s, respectively.

Conclusion:
We conclude that there is softening and thickening of the AT and PF in Type 2 DM patients, which can impair foot biomechanics.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography in Axillary Staging in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Rezkallah Emad Mofid Nassif , Elsaify Andrew , Tin Su Min Min , Elsaify Wael 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women all over the world and represents 7% of all cancer-related deaths in the UK. One of the most crucial elements in assessing a patient’s prognosis and chance of survival with breast cancer is the condition of their axillary lymph nodes. Ultrasonography (US) is now used as a routine preoperative diagnostic tool for pretherapeutic axillary evaluation. The aim of the current study is to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of US in axillary staging in breast cancer patients.

Methods:
We carried out this retrospective study for all invasive breast cancer patients who had surgery in addition to preoperative axillary staging using US during the period from January 2020 to February 2021. The final histology results were compared with the preoperative US findings to ascertain the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of AUS in axillary staging.

Results:
One hundred and twenty-eight patients were included in our study. The average age of diagnosis was 63.9 ± 12.3 years of age. We calculated sensitivity rate of 59.6%, specificity rate of 95.1%, positive predictive value of 87.5%, and negative predictive value of 80.2% with overall diagnostic accuracy of 82.2%.

Conclusion:
Despite the important role of preoperative US in axillary staging in breast cancer patients; it failed to detect metastatic diseases in 14.8% of our patients. These findings necessitate the routine histological evaluation of the axilla for more accurate staging of the disease.