bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zirconocene Coupling Route to 1,2-Disilacyclobutanes
Authors: Kabe Yoshio , Sato Akio , Kadoi Shintaro , Chiba Kazumi , Ando Wataru 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Zirconocene-mediated coupling of bis(methoxyethynyl)disilanes (1a and 1e–g) led to zirconacycles (2a and 2e–g), which were converted into 3,4-dialkylidene- and 3,4-benzo-1,2-disilacyclobutanes (3a and 6e–g) via protonolysis and transmetallation with tin followed by Diels–Alder reaction. Their Si–Si bonds were reactive toward palladium catalyst to give bissilylation and silyl-Heck products (8, 9 and 10).
Monolithic TS-1/Cordierite Catalyst Synthesized by in-situ Method
Authors: Guan Naijia , Han Yansong 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Titanium silicalite (TS-1) was in-situ synthesized on the surface of honeycomb-shaped cordierite under hydrothermal conditions for the first time. Confirmed by XRD, FTIR, UV-vis, and SEM techniques as well as with help of a probe reaction, it has been proved that TS-1 zeolite crystals have successfully grown on the surface of cordierite.
Direct Evaluation of Spatial Distribution of Electrons Ejected by Two-Photon Ionization of Aromatic Molecules in Ultrathin Polymer Films
Authors: Ohkita Hideo , Ishii Hironori , Ito Shinzaburo , Yamamoto Masahide 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
The spatial distribution of electrons ejected by two-photon ionization of aromatic molecules was directly evaluated using a multi-layered structure of ultrathin polymer films where donor (D) and acceptor (A) layers were separated by spacing layers. The results show that electrons ejected by two-photon ionization are mostly captured by an A layer about 2–3 nm away from the D layer.
Intramolecular sp2-CH···O Interaction in the Single Crystal of Macrocyclic Polyethers with an Isobutenyl Group
Authors: Nagawa Yoshinobu , Goto Midori , Tsuzuki Seiji , Hiratani Kazuhisa 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Effects of the ring size on the conformation in the macrocyclic polyethers with an isobutenyl group have been studied by X-ray crystallography: the intramolecular CH···O interaction has been observed in the compound having 22 membered macrocyclic ring.
Pentaorgano[60]fullerene R5C60−. A Water Soluble Hydrocarbon Anion
Authors: Sawamura Masaya , Nagahama Noriaki , Toganoh Motoki , Hackler Ulrich E , Isobe Hiroyuki , Nakamura Eiichi , Zhou Shui-Quin , Chu Benjamin 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
A new class of hydrocarbon anions, pentaaryl- and pentamethylfullerene anions R5C60− (R = Ph, 4-BuC6H4, 4-PhC6H4, Me) was found to be stable and soluble in water. Atomic force microscopic observation and dynamic light scattering measurements indicated that the potassium salt Ph5C60K in water forms spherical aggregates with an averaged radius of about 17 nm.
Synthesis of Polyamine Alkaloids by the Condensation of a Chiral β-Lactam with a Cyclic Imino Ether. (S)-Dihydroperiphylline and Its Derivatives
Authors: Matsuyama Haruo , Kurosawa Ayako , Takei Toshio , Ohira Nahoko , Yoshida Masato , Iyoda Masahiko 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
The synthesis of 13-membered polyamine alkaloid, (S)-dihydroperiphylline, was achieved by the condensation of a chiral β-lactam, (S)-4-phenyl-2-azetidinone, with a cyclic imino ether of a 9-membered lactam, followed by reductive ring expansion. Both of these reactions proceeded with retention of configuration around the chiral center to give the optical pure 13-membered alkaloids.
Optical Properties of Transparent Resin Containing Barium Ion
Authors: Lin Quan , Yang Bai , Ma Yugang , Meng Xuesong , Shen Jiacong 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Barium ion (Ba2+) was introduced into the transparent resins by copolymerization. The phase diagram of the transparency of the Ba2+-containing polymer in a three-component system was determined and discussed. The Ba2+-containing optical resins with good visible light transparency almost absorb X-ray completely and absorb γ-ray partially, as well as exhibit good optical properties and thermal stability.
Addition and Coupling Reactions of Bis(pinacolato)diboron Mediated by CuCl in the Presence of Potassium Acetate
Authors: Takahashi Kou , Ishiyama Tatsuo , Miyaura Norio 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
The addition of bis(pinacolato)diboron [(Me4C2O2)B-B(O2C2Me4)] to α,β-unsaturated ketones, esters, nitriles, or terminal alkynes and the coupling with allyl chlorides were carried out in DMF at room temperature in the presence of CuCl and AcOK. The transmetalation from boron to copper generating a B–Cu species was proposed as the key step of the reactions.
Catalytic Hydrolysis of HCN over H-Ferrierite
Authors: Nanba Tetsuya , Obuchi Akira , Akaratiwa Somchai , Liu Shetian , Uchisawa Junko , Kushiyama Satoshi 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
The decomposition of HCN over H-ferrierite below 670 K proceeded mainly by hydrolysis to NH3 and CO. In the presence of NO and NO2, NH3 formed further reacted to form N2 and N2O.
Laser Flash Photolysis Study on Hydrogen Atom Transfer of 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole and 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole in the Triplet Excited State
Authors: Ikegami Masashi , Arai Tatsuo 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
We have revealed that 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HBO) and 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT) underwent hydrogen atom transfer in the triplet excited state in benzene at room temperature and the equilibrium constants between the enol form and the cis-keto form were estimated.
Effect of reducing agents on the uranium concentration above uranium(IV) amorphous precipitate in Boom Clay pore water
Authors: Delécaut Grégory , Maes N. , De Cannière P. , Wang L. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe solubility of U(IV) amorphous precipitates was measured in Boom Clay water in the presence of reducing agents and under thein situpartial pressure of CO2(g) at 10-2.4atm. Boom Clay pore water is of the sodium bicarbonate type (NaHCO3∼ 10-2M) and contains about 100 mg l-1of dissolved organic carbon. The total U concentration measured after two-months equilibrating time and the 0.45 μm filtration was about 10-6 M and higher. This concentration is about 3 orders of magnitude higher than literature data for U(IV) solubility and may suggest the existence of colloids and/or U(VI) species. The U concentration was found decreasing as a function of time within the experimental period. Further experiments are currently performed to evaluate the contribution of the colloids and the role of organic matter.
Protonation and complexation of isosaccharinic acid with U(VI) and Fe(III) in acidic solutions: potentiometric and calorimetric studies
Authors: Rao Linfeng , Garnov Alexander Yu. , Rai Dhanpat , Xia Yuanxian , Moore Robert C. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryProtonation and complexation of α-isosaccharinic acid with U(VI) and Fe(III) have been studied in acidic solutions att=25 °C andI=1.0 mol dm-3NaClO4. From the potentiometric titrations, the protonation constant of the carboxylate group is calculated to be 3.65±0.05 and the data are consistent with the presence of three and four successive mononuclear complexes for U(VI) and Fe(III), respectively. The formation constants of the complexes, logβjfor the reactions of M+L=MLjwherej=1-3 for U(VI),j=1-4 for Fe(III) and L stands for isosaccharinate, are determined to be 2.91±0.15 (UO2L), 5.37±0.07 (UO2L2), 7.25±0.18 (UO2L3), 5.06±0.17 (FeL), 8.51±0.15 (FeL2), 11.00±0.16 (FeL3), and 12.99±0.17 (FeL4). From the calorimetric titrations, the enthalpy of protonation of the carboxylate group is determined to be -(7.94±0.03)kJ mol-1, similar to that of otherα-hydroxycarboxylates. The enthalpies of complexation between U(VI) and isosaccharinate are quite small: Δ H1= -(1.0±1.0)kJ mol-1, Δ H2=1.4±1.8 kJ mol-1and Δ H3=-(6.2±3.0)kJ mol-1, typical of the interactions between carboxylates and hard-acid cations. The complexation between U(VI) and isosaccharinate is mainly entropy-driven. In comparison, the enthalpies of complexation for FeL3and FeL4are large and exothermic, contributing significantly to the stability of the complexes.
Carbonate complexation of neptunium(IV) in highly basic solutions
Authors: Kitamura Akira , Kohara Yukitoshi 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe solubility of Np(IV) in carbonate media was studied for determination of thermodynamic data. The concentration of dissolved Np(IV) was measured with ionic strengths of 2.0 and 2.9 M (M≡mol dm-3), hydrogen-ion concentration exponent (pHc=-log[H+]) of 12.0, 12.9 and 13.0, and with the total carbonate concentration (CT) from 5×10-2M to 7×10-1M by both oversaturation and undersaturation methods. It was found that the solubility of Np(IV) increased with increasingCT. Due to the dependencies of the solubility onCTand pHc, the dominant aqueous species of Np(IV) in highly basic solutions was expected to be NpCO3(OH)44-. Together with a carbonatohydroxo complex of Np(CO3)2(OH)22-estimated in our previous study, the apparent equilibrium constants of the carbonatohydroxo complexes were obtained at the respective ionic strength while the equilibrium constants at the zero ionic strength were extrapolated. The obtained equilibrium constants supported the literature values strongly, and contributed to improve the reliability of the thermodynamic data.
Fluorescence characteristics of complex formation of europium(III)-salicylate
Authors: Aoyagi Noboru , Toraishi T. , Geipel Gerhard , Hotokezaka H. , Nagasaki S. , Tanaka S. 
Published: December 2004

Summary
The complexation of salicylate with Eu3+ was studied by means of time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) using ultra-short pulses at a concentration of sodium salicylate of 1.00×10-4 M. Ionic media was kept constant at 0.1M NaClO4. pH was adjusted to 4.00. The concentration of Eu3+ was varied from 1.98×10-3 M to 1.31×10-2 M.
From the fluorescence lifetime analysis of the salicylate, we confirmed that a dynamic quenching process did not take place, while static quenching proceeded under the experimental conditions. The Stern Volmer plots indicated only the formation of a 1:1 complex, and the stability constant was assigned to be logβ
1,1= 2.08±0.02. This agrees with reported values, which have been determined by other techniques. This result shows that the studies on complex formation can be safely investigated quantitatively by means of TRLFS from not only the luminescence of Eu3+ but the fluorescence of salicylate.
Interactions between anionic complex species of actinides and negatively charged mineral surfaces
Authors: Yamaguchi Tetsuji , Nakayama S. , Yoshida T. 
Published: December 2004

Summary
Sorption of actinides onto negatively charged mineral surfaces was investigated under conditions that actinides were predominantly present as anionic complex species. U(VI), Np(V) and Sn(IV) were prepared as 1 mol kg-1 Na-ClO4/OH solutions and equilibrated with γ-Al2O3 at pcH 11-13.6 where these elements form UO2(OH)4
2-, NpO2(OH)2
- and Sn(OH)5
- species, respectively. Sorption of Np(IV), Th(IV) and Am(III) on amorphous SiO2 and on γ-Al2O3 was investigated in 0.03-0.3 mol kg-1 Na-HCO3/CO3 solutions where these actinides are expected to be stable as anionic carbonate complexes. Distribution coefficients of U(VI), Np(V), Sn(IV), Th(IV) and Am(III) decreased with the increasing pH or with the increasing carbonate concentrations. The monotonous decrease in the distribution coefficients in the investigated pcH range suggests that anionic complex species of actinides were not sorbed on negatively charged mineral surfaces. A proportional relation was found between the experimentally obtained K
d values and calculated mole fraction of electrically neutral species in equilibrated solutions. Sorption occurs under the condition that both actinides and mineral surfaces are negatively charged because minor neutral species are sorbed on mineral surfaces.
Measurements and modelling of Pm sorption onto TiO2and goethite
Authors: Jakobsson Anna-Maria , Albinsson Yngve , Rundberg Robert S. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe sorption of Pm (1×10-9M) onto TiO2and goethite has been studied as a function of pH and ionic strength (0.01, 0.1 M NaClO4) at ambient temperature under N2atmosphere. For both minerals studied there is no effect of the different ionic strengths and the sorption (logKavs. pH) increases with a slope of ∼2. At the same pH sorption is lower on the more positively (or less negatively) charged goethite (pHpzc=8.4) than on the TiO2(pHpzc=6.2). A comparison to other trivalent cations sorbed on different substrates (made by extracting values from %-sorbed curves and calculating these toKa) indicate a similar pH-dependence.The results have been fitted using a 1-pKbasic Stern model with FITEQL. An a priori restriction was that only one sorption reaction stoichiometry at a time was to be used to keep the number of parameters as small as possible. Outer-sphere and mono-, bi- and tri-dentate inner-sphere complexes were fitted. For each fit the value of the capacitance was varied to find the value that provided the best fit. Two different site densities were used: 1 site/nm2and 2.31 sites/nm2. For the low site density the reaction which provides the best fit was:≡SOH0.5-+Pm+3↔≡SOHPm2.5+for both minerals. At the high site density the same reaction fits for TiO2while there are several reactions that are equivalent in the fit for goethite.
Am(III) and Eu(III) uptake on hematite in the presence of humic acid
Authors: Sakuragi Tomofumi , Sato Seichi , Kozaki Tamotsu , Mitsugashira Toshiaki , Hara Mitsuo , Suzuki Yoshimitsu 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe uptake of Am(III) and Eu(III) on hematite (1.0 g/L) in the presence of humic acid (HA; 4.7×10-5M) was investigated at ionic strengths of 0.05 to 0.5 M (NaClO4) in the pH range of 4 to 10. The sorption behavior of Am(III) was similar to that of Eu(III). The Am(III) and Eu(III) exhibited 100% retention on the solid in the entire pH region studied at high ionic strength (0.5 M). As the ionic strength was decreased below 0.1 M, Am(III) and Eu(III) sorption which was complete at low pH values decreased stepwise with increasing pH from 5 to 7. In order to test the additivity and to understand the solid–water interface reactions for Am(III) sorption in ternary systems, binary interactions between Am(III), HA, and hematite were also examined under identical conditions. The additive results reproduced the stepwise decreases of sorption up to a pH of about 6 for lower ionic strengths, which can be ascribed to HA adsorption behavior. However, inconsistencies in additivity from experimental results were found in the pH regions above 7 at low ionic strengths and in the entire pH region at an ionic strength of 0.5 M. Some non-additive effects are discussed in this paper.
Fracture flow and radionuclide transport in block-scale laboratory experiments
Authors: Hölttä Pirkko , Poteri A. , Hakanen M. , Hautojärvi A. 
Published: December 2004

Summary
Block-scale migration experiments were introduced to evaluate the simplified radionuclide transport concept used in assessing the safety of underground spent nuclear fuel repositories. The experiments were aimed to demonstrate visually the fracture flow, and to determine the hydraulic characteristics of a natural planar fracture and the transport behaviour of non-sorbing and sorbing radionuclides. For drill holes orthogonal to the fracture and equipped with injection or sealing packers flow rates in this study were measured as a function of hydraulic head. The outflow positions of water at each four side of the block were determined using uranine dye tracer. Tracer tests were performed using uranine, 99mTc and 22Na.
Transport of a non-sorbing tracer through one of the flow channels was interpreted using an advection-dispersion model that on the generalised Taylor dispersion.
Characterisation of the hydraulic properties of the fracture indicated that some drill holes were located in the region where the fracture was open and water conductive. No water conductivity was observed in two drill holes indicating closure of the fracture. Reasonably low flow rates obtained from three drill holes indicated their suitability for further radionuclide transport experiments. Elution times of technetium and uranine were fairly similar. Sodium was slightly retarded and was spread over a wider area than uranine and technetium. High water flow rates suggest that advective flow field dominated tracer transport. Experimental and calculated elution curves substantiate the suitability of our experimental set-up for further radionuclide transport experiments.
I–V Relations in a p-Type Semiconductor having Mobile Acceptors
Authors: Riess I. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
The current-voltage relations for a p-type or n-type semiconductor with inert metal electrode, in which the acceptors or donors are mobile, are evaluated. The relations found are, as expected, different from those in a doped semiconductor in which the acceptors or donors are immobile. This is not an academic question only. It refers to mixed ionic electronic conductors with ion blocking electrodes and it seems that the I–V relations measured for Cu2O can be interpreted in this way.
Bulk and Interfacial Ionic Conduction in LiAlSiO4 Glass Ceramics Containing Nano- and Microcrystallites
Authors: Roling Bernhard , Murugavel Sevi 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
The lithium ion transport in LiAlSiO4 glass and glass ceramics with different degrees of crystallinity, χ, is studied by means of conductivity spectroscopy. In glass ceramics with low degrees of crystallinity, χ < 0.42, the lithium ion conductivity is higher than in the glass and increases with increasing χ. We ascribe this conductivity enhancement to fast ionic conduction at the interfaces between the crystallites and the glassy phase. The dependence of the conductivity on the degree of crystallinity is fitted by using a three-phase continuum percolation model, the phases being the ion conducting glassy phase, the insulating crystallites and the highly conducting interfaces. In the framework of this model, we have to make the assumption that the width of the interfaces is about 1/3 of the crystallite radii. Possible origins of these anomalous interfacial widths are discussed.
Network Modification of Glassy AlPO4: Sol-Gel Synthesis and Structural Characterization of the System Na2O–AlPO4
Authors: Zhang Long , Eckert Hellmut , Helsch Gundula , Frischat Günther 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Gels and glasses along the compositional tie line Na2O–AlPO4 have been synthesized using an aqueous sol-gel route, using aluminum lactate, sodium phosphate, H3PO4 and sodium acetate (NaAc) precursors. The structural evolution from the solution to gel and the final glass is monitored ex-situ by multinuclear high-resolution liquid and solid state NMR techniques. The results indicate that the aluminophosphate network structure initially formed in solution is preserved in the gel and only subsequently disrupted upon annealing above 350 °C. A structural model of the AlPO4 network modification for these glasses has been developed on the basis of compositional trends observed in the 23Na, 27Al, and 31P single and double resonance NMR spectra. Addition of the Na2O network modifier to the tetrahedral AlPO4 network reduces the extent of Al–O–P connectivity, resulting in the increased formation of Na-bound phosphate species and aluminum in higher coordination states (AlO5 and AlO6 units).
Jewish in America or the Search for an Identity
Authors: Azoulay Katya Gibel 
Published: December 2004

How Jews Became White Folks and What That Says about Race in America. Karen Brodkin. Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1998. 243 pp.Dispersing the Ghetto: The Relocation of Jewish Immigrants across America. Jack Glazier. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998. 245 pp.Portrait of the American Jewish Community. Norman Linzer. David J. Schnall. and Jerome A. Chanes. eds. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998. 220 pp.From Immigrant to Ethnic Culture: American Yiddish in South Philadelphia. Rakhmiel Peltz. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1998. 269 pp.
"Black Gal Swing": Color, Class, and Category in Globalized Culture
Authors: Hay Fred J. 
Published: December 2004

Scattered Belongings: Cultural Paradoxes of "Race," Nation and Gender. Jayne O. Ifekwunigwe. New York: Routledge, 1999. 221 pp.Race and Ideology: Language, Symbolism, and Popular Culture. Arthur K. Spears. ed. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 1999. 242 pp.Spurious Issues: Race and Multiracial Identity Politics in the United States. Rainier Spencer. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999. 222 pp.
Speaking through Silence: Narratives, Social Conventions, and Power in Java: Shifting Languages: Interaction and Identity in Javanese Indonesia
Authors: Hefner Robert 
Published: December 2004

Speaking through Silence: Narratives, Social Conventions, and Power in Java. Laine Berman. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. 256 pp.Shifting Languages: Interaction and Identity in Javanese Indonesia. J. Joseph Errington. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.216 pp.
A Generation Later: Household Strategies and Economic Change in the Rural Philippines: Raiding, Trading, and Feasting: The Political Economy of Philippine Chiefdoms
Authors: Headland Thomas N. 
Published: December 2004

Generation Later: Household Strategies and Economic Change in the Rural Philippines. James F. Eder. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1999. 191 pp.Raiding, Trading, and Feasting: The Political Economy of Philippine Chiefdoms. Laura Lee Junker. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1999.477 pp.
Anthropology and Globalization
Authors: Durrenberger E. Paul 
Published: December 2004

Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Arjun Appadurai. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996. 229 pp.Transnational Connections: Culture, People, Places. Ulf Hannerz. New York: Routledge, 1996. 216 pp.Thai Women in the Global Labor Force: Consuming Desires, Contested Selves. Mary Beth Mills. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1999. 218 pp.
Clovis Blade Technology; Clovis Revisited: New Perspectives on Paleoindian Adaptations from Blackwater Draw, New Mexico; Folsom Lithic Technology: Explorations in Structure and Variation
Authors: Bonnichsen Robson 
Published: December 2004

Clovis Blade Technology. Michael B. Collins. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1999. 234 pp.Clovis Revisited: New Perspectives on Paleoindian Adaptations from Blackwater Draw, New Mexico. Anthony T. Boldurian and John L. Cotter. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum, 1999. 145 pp.Folsom Lithic Technology: Explorations in Structure and Variation. Daniel S. Amick. ed. Ann Arbor: International Monographs in Prehistory, 1999.213 pp.
Some Spirits Heal, Others Only Dance: A Journey into Human Selfhood in an African Village; Everyday Spirits and Medical Interventions: Ethnographic and Historical Notes on Therapeutic Conventions in Zanzibar Town
Authors: Rosenthal Judy 
Published: December 2004

Some Spirits Heal, Others Only Dance:. Journey into Human Selfhood in an African Village. Roy Willis. New York: Berg, 1999. 220 pp.Everyday Spirits and Medical Interventions: Ethnographic and Historical Notes on Therapeutic Conventions in Zanzibar Town. Tapio Nisula. Helsinki, Finland: The Finnish Anthropological Society, 1999. 321 pp.
The Conservation and Technology of Musical Instruments, Walter Kaufmann. Selected Musical Instruments: Selected Musical Terms of Non‐Western Cultures: A Notebook‐Glossary
Authors: Miller Thomas Ross 
Published: December 2004

The Conservation and Technology of Musical Instruments. A Bibliographic Supplement to Art and Archaeology Technical Abstracts, Volume 28, Number 3. Edited by CARY KARP. Marina del Rey, CA: The Getty Conservation Institute, 1992. 236 pp. $55 (paper).Selected Musical Terms of Non‐Western Cultures: A Notebook‐Glossary. WALTER KAUFMANN. Detroit Studies in Music Bibliography, No. 65. J. Bunker Clark, editor. Warren, Michigan: Harmonie Park Press, 1990. 806 pp. $75.00 (cloth).