bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The post‐operative tonsillectomy (POPT) study: A multi‐centre prospective paediatric cohort study
Authors: Heward Elliot , Rocke John , McNally George , Thompson Gabrielle , Oladokun Dare , Timms Sara , Abbas Jonathan R. , Chu Michael M. H. , Akbar Sarah , Dobbs Sian , Chudek Dorota , Jaiswal Ishank , Vora Devan , Harrison Anna , Oremule Babatunde , Sarwar Safdar , Menon Shalini S. , Advani Rajeev , Daniels Jessica , Ellis Sarah , Abdelaziz Mohammed , Husain Parvez , Anmolsingh Rajesh , Venugopal Anjali , Beena Meera , Sheik‐ali Shirwa , Saeed Haroon , Shenton Catriona , Ghosh Samit , Khwaja Sadie , Kumar Nirmal 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesTonsillectomy is the most common operation performed by otolaryngologists in the UK, despite this we have a poor understanding of the post‐operative recovery. We aimed to investigate post‐operative bleeding and pain following paediatric tonsillectomy using a patient diary.DesignProspective observational cohort study.SettingMulti‐centre study involving 12 secondary and tertiary otolaryngology units across the North of England. Patients were recruited from 1st March 2020 to 30th June 2022. Multilevel ordered logistic regression model statistics were performed.ParticipantsChildren (≥4 years, ≤16 years) undergoing tonsillectomy (with or without adenoidectomy) for benign pathology.Main Outcome Measures
Frequency and severity of post‐operative bleeding.
Intensity and pattern of post‐operative pain.
ResultsIn total 297 children were recruited, with 91 (30.6%) diaries eligible for analysis. Post‐operative bleeding occurred in 44% of children. Most frequently blood in the saliva was reported (82.9%). Increasing age significantly increased bleeding odds by 17% per year (p = .001). Bleeding frequency decreased with higher surgeon grade (p = .003) and when performing intracapsular coblation tonsillectomy (p = .02) compared with other techniques. Lower age and intracapsular coblation tonsillectomy, against other techniques, significantly reduced rates of pain post‐operatively (p < .0001 and p = .0008).ConclusionA high level of low‐level post‐operative bleeding was observed. Pain scores remained high for 5 days post‐operatively then gradually reduce to normal by day 13. Intracapsular coblation tonsillectomy appears to be superior to all other techniques in terms of reducing post‐operative bleeding and pain. These findings should be used to guide patients in the consent process to inform them of the expected nature of post‐surgical recovery.
Do vaccines cause epilepsy? Review of cases in the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program
Authors: Scott Rodney C. , Moshé Solomon L. , Holmes Gregory L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986 created the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP), a no‐fault alternative to the traditional tort system. Since 1988, the total compensation paid exceeds $5 billion. Although epilepsy is one of the leading reasons for filing a claim, there has been no review of the process and validity of the legal outcomes given current medical information. The objectives were to review the evolution of the VICP program in regard to vaccine‐related epilepsy and assess the rationale behind decisions made by the court.MethodsPublicly available cases involving epilepsy claims in the VICP were searched through Westlaw and the US Court of Federal Claims websites. All published reports were reviewed for petitioner's theories supporting vaccine‐induced epilepsy, respondent's counterarguments, the final decision regarding compensation, and the rationale underlying these decisions. The primary goal was to determine which factors went into decisions regarding whether vaccines caused epilepsy.ResultsSince the first epilepsy case in 1989, there have been many changes in the program, including the removal of residual seizure disorder as a vaccine‐related injury, publication of the Althen prongs, release of the acellular form of pertussis, and recognition that in genetic conditions the underlying genetic abnormality rather than the immunization causes epilepsy. We identified 532 unique cases with epilepsy: 105 with infantile spasms and 427 with epilepsy without infantile spasms. The petitioners' experts often espoused outdated, erroneous causation theories that lacked an acceptable medical or scientific foundation and were frequently criticized by the court.SignificanceDespite the lack of epidemiological or mechanistic evidence indicating that childhood vaccines covered by the VICP result in or aggravate epilepsy, these cases continue to be adjudicated. After 35 years of intense litigation, it is time to reconsider whether epilepsy should continue to be a compensable vaccine‐induced injury.
Local government official competition and financial analyst forecasts
Authors: Jiang Like , Liu Lei , Qiu Yetaotao , Wang Yu , Zhang Shafu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe examine how financial analyst forecasts could be influenced by local political forces. Using Chinese data, we find that financial analysts from brokerage houses controlled by provincial governments issue more optimistic forecasts for state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) headquartered in the home province (i.e., home SOEs) than for nonhome SOEs, and this effect is more pronounced for nonhome SOEs located in competing provinces. Our results remain unchanged in a battery of robustness checks. Further, local officials are more likely to enjoy political career advancement when they pressure analysts to issue optimistic forecasts for home SOEs relative to nonhome SOEs from competing provinces.
Ocean deoxygenation caused non‐linear responses in the structure and functioning of benthic ecosystems
Authors: Pascal Ludovic , Cool Joannie , Archambault Philippe , Calosi Piero , Cuenca André L. R. , Mucci Alfonso O. , Chaillou Gwénaëlle 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe O2 content of the global ocean has been declining progressively over the past decades, mainly because of human activities and global warming. Nevertheless, how long‐term deoxygenation affects macrobenthic communities, sediment biogeochemistry and their mutual feedback remains poorly understood. Here, we evaluate the response of the benthic assemblages and biogeochemical functioning to decreasing O2 concentrations along the persistent bottom‐water dissolved O2 gradient of the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence (QC, Canada). We report several of non‐linear biodiversity and functional responses to decreasing O2 concentrations, and identify an O2 threshold that occurs at approximately at 63 μM. Below this threshold, macrobenthic community assemblages change, and bioturbation rates drastically decrease to near zero. Consequently, the sequence of electron acceptors used to metabolize the sedimentary organic matter is squeezed towards the sediment surface while reduced compounds accumulate closer (as much as 0.5–2.5 cm depending on the compound) to the sediment–water interface. Our results illustrate the capacity of bioturbating species to compensate for the biogeochemical consequences of hypoxia and can help to predict future changes in benthic ecosystems.
Self‐praise on social media WeChat Moments in L1 and L2 Chinese
Authors: Ren Wei , Guo Yaping 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo date, second language (L2) pragmatics research has predominantly focused on learners’ oral communication, with digital communication being much less examined. In addition, although L2 pragmatics has mainly investigated speech acts, self‐praise has not been examined from the L2 perspective. Therefore, this study investigates instances of self‐praise posted by learners of Chinese on social networking sites. Data were collected from 20 advanced learners of Chinese who were asked to share instances of self‐praise they posted on their WeChat Moments. Altogether, 61 learners’ self‐praise posts in L2 Chinese and 100 instances of self‐praise from 20 Chinese native speakers were collected. The learners’ Chinese self‐praise was analyzed in terms of different pragmatic strategies and emoji uses, with comparisons against the native speakers’ practices. Similarities and differences were analyzed between the two groups’ self‐praise strategies and their emoji use in self‐praise posts. The findings showed that the advanced learners were able to employ the three major types of self‐praise strategies in their self‐praise posts on WeChat Moments. However, their repertoires of individual self‐praise strategies and emojis were not as wide as those of native speakers. In addition, the learners showed divergences from the native speakers in terms of their preferred self‐praise strategies and culture‐relevant emojis.
Integra at Home: A flexible continuum of in‐home medical care for older adults with complex needs
Authors: Fulton Ana Tuya , Vognar Lidia , Stuck Amy R. , McBride Camille , Scott Ruth , Crowley Christopher 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs individuals age, they may need new strategies to manage exacerbations of chronic disease to maintain their dignity and independence. Many end up in a revolving cycle of emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and post‐acute care. Support to stay at home, which is often their preference, becomes a challenge and varies with insurance coverage, location, and financial status. There are few home‐based options sufficiently agile enough to respond when acute conditions arise particularly with exacerbations of chronic disease.MethodsIn 2018, Integra designed a home‐based option to treat acute exacerbations of chronic illness. A partnership with community paramedicine enabled faster response times and provided additional treatment tools. Using process improvement methodology, we developed “Integra at Home” workflows and team‐based care. We counted averted emergency visits and hospitalizations, patient and staff satisfaction, and evidence of financial sustainability as a result of our program.ResultsIntegra successfully developed a suite of home‐based services, including responses to acute problems, to address beneficiaries' fluctuating medical needs. Following responses to 415 acute events, 74% (N = 307) resulted in averted emergency department visits. Based on InterQual® criteria, 34% (N = 103) of averted visits would have qualified as an averted hospitalization. All 64 respondents to patient surveys (N = 170) stated they would recommend our program. The staff indicated the model is a better way of caring for patients with higher rewards than traditional settings. The average length of stay in hospice for patients referred from the program (N = 22) was 4 weeks.ConclusionsHome‐based care continuums are feasible, yet resources to manage acute exacerbations remain inadequate. To fill this gap, we created higher acuity services to respond to urgent needs and monitor symptoms between episodes. Amid successes and challenges, we are serving higher acuity older adults in Integra's home‐based continuum model. We encourage further spread of longitudinal home‐based acute care models.
Selecting outcomes for pragmatic clinical trials in dementia care: The IMPACT Collaboratory iLibrary
Authors: Hanson Laura C. , Wessell Kathryn , Meeks Natalie , Bennett Antonia V. , Toles Mark , Niznik Josh , Zimmerman Sheryl , Carpenter Joan , Ritchie Christine S. , Ernecoff Natalie C. , Saliba Debra 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundMany interventions improve care and outcomes for people with Alzheimer's Disease and related dementias (ADRD), yet are never disseminated. Pragmatic trials facilitate the adoption and dissemination of best practices, but gaps in pragmatic outcome measurement are a critical obstacle. Our objectives are (1) to describe the development and structure of the IMbedded Pragmatic ADRD Clinical Trials Collaboratory (IMPACT) iLibrary of potential outcome measures for ADRD pragmatic trials, and (2) to assess their pragmatic characteristics.MethodsWe identified potential outcome measures from several sources: a database of administrative and clinical outcome measures from ADRD clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, published reviews, and IMPACT pilot pragmatic trial outcome measures. The iLibrary reports (a) number of items, (b) completion time, (c) readability for diverse populations, (d) cost or copyright barriers to use, (e) method of administration, (f) assessor training burden, and (g) feasibility of data capture and interpretation in routine care; a summary of pragmatic characteristics of each outcome measure (high, moderate, low); items or descriptions of items; and links to primary citations regarding development or psychometric properties.ResultsWe included 140 outcome measures in the iLibrary: 66 administrative (100% were pragmatic) and 74 clinical (52% were pragmatic). The most commonly addressed outcome domains from administrative assessments included physical function, quality of care or communication concerns, and psychological symptoms or distress behaviors. The most commonly addressed outcome domains from clinical assessments were psychological symptoms or distress behaviors, physical function, cognitive function, and health‐related quality of life.ConclusionsPragmatic outcome measures are brief, meaningful to diverse populations, easily scored and interpreted by clinicians, and available in electronic format for analysis. The iLibrary can facilitate the selection of measures for a wide range of outcomes relevant to people with ADRD and their care partners.
IDEAL monitoring of musical skills during awake craniotomy: From step 1 to step 2
Authors: Ferrier C. H. , Ruis C. , Zadelhoff D. , Robe P. A. J. T. , van Zandvoort M. J. E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe aim of awake brain surgery is to perform a maximum resection on the one hand, and to preserve cognitive functions, quality of life and personal autonomy on the other hand. Historically, language and sensorimotor functions were most frequently monitored. Over the years other cognitive functions, including music, have entered the operation theatre. Cases about monitoring musical abilities during awake brain surgery are emerging, and a systematic method how to monitor music would be the next step. According to the IDEAL framework for surgical innovations our study aims to present future recommendation based on a systematic literature search (PRISMA) in combination with lessons learned from three case reports from our own clinical practice with professional musicians (n = 3). We plead for structured procedures including individual tailored tasks. By embracing these recommendations, we can both improve clinical care and unravel music functions in the brain.
Current account dynamics: A SVAR analysis when the country‐specific shocks are correlated at leads
Authors: Sobrino César R. , Heath Ellis 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe assumption of no correlation of the structural shocks as Blanchard and Quah's identification (BQ) assumes is not suitable when central banks, through discretionary policies or inflation targeting regimes, affect the output growth among other goals. In this study, we analyze the present value model of the current account (PVM) using a three‐SVAR specification and a modified BQ to identify three structural shocks: country‐specific permanent, country‐specific temporary, and global, but allowing the correlation of the domestic ones. Using Australia, Canada, Norway, and the UK, we find that those shocks are correlated and are less volatile than BQ would assume they are. The PVM predictions that hold are: (i) a positive (no) response in the current account to a country‐specific temporary (global) shock; and (ii) with the exception of Australia, there is no response in the current account to a country‐specific permanent shock. In addition, for all countries, the country‐specific temporary shock dominates current account changes but does not dominate net output growth fluctuations, which was a puzzle identified by a prior study. The role of the shock is enhanced by the modified BQ, but even with this enhancement, it still does not hold the most significant role in output variations, as indicated by PVM.
Association between levels of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 in serum and seminal plasma with fresh and frozen‐thawed semen characteristics in Beetal bucks
Authors: Kumar Keshav , Dutta Mitali , Deori Sourabh , Abedin Sayed Nabil , Gupta Mohua Das , Sinha Sudip , Shome Arijit , Rongmei Soihem Diana , Tamuly Shantanu , Hazarika Girin , Borah Pranjal. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the levels of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) in serum and seminal plasma and the characteristics of semen in Beetal bucks (Capra hircus). A total of 12 adult Beetal bucks were involved in the study, with each buck providing six ejaculates collected using a standard artificial vagina (n = 72 total). Only qualified semen samples (volume of 0.7 mL, a mass motility rating of 3+ or higher on a 0–+ scale, and individual progressive motility of 80% or more) divided into three fractions were processed for estimation of IGF‐1 and other seminal parameters like motility, viability, acrosome integrity, sperm abnormality and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The first and second fraction were diluted and extended with Optixcell extender (1:15 ratio). The first ejaculate fraction was processed for studying fresh semen parameters and the second fraction was cryopreserved for evaluating frozen semen parameters. French mini straws (0.25 mL) were used for semen filling, and polyvinyl alcohol powder of different colours was used for sealing the extended semen. The third fraction of each ejaculate was centrifuged at room temperature (1100 × g for 7 min) to separate the seminal plasma. Additionally, blood samples were taken from each buck on the same day as semen collection, resulting in a total of 36 blood samples. The results revealed a significant positive correlation (r = .4243; p < .05) between the concentration of IGF‐1 in both serum and seminal plasma of the Beetal bucks. Furthermore, the concentration of IGF‐1 in serum showed significant positive correlations with sperm viability (r = .554; p < .05), acrosome integrity (r = .527; p < .05), post‐thaw sperm motility (r = .407; p < .01), post‐thaw sperm viability (r = .426; p < .01) and post‐thaw acrosome integrity (r = .333; p < .05). However, it had a significant negative correlation with SOD activity in fresh semen (r = −0.458; p < .01). Moreover, the concentration of IGF‐1 in seminal plasma demonstrated significant positive correlations with individual progressive motility (r = .341; p < .05), sperm viability (r = .527; p < .05), acrosome integrity (r = .539; p < .05), sperm plasma membrane integrity (r = .464; p < .05), post‐thaw sperm motility (r = .644; p < .01), post‐thaw sperm viability (r = .643; p < .01), post‐thaw acrosome integrity (r = .487; p < .01) and post‐thaw sperm plasma membrane integrity (r = .521; p < .01). Additionally, it showed a significant negative correlation with SOD activity in both fresh semen (r = −0.714; p < .01) and frozen semen (r = −0.558; p < .01) of Beetal bucks. Based on these findings, IGF‐1 in seminal plasma can be considered as a potential biomarker for the selection of bucks for breeding purposes.
Reassessing the relationship between women's empowerment and fertility: Evidence from India
Authors: Bose Nayana , Das Shreyasee 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn overwhelming body of evidence supports a negative relationship between women's empowerment and fertility. In this paper, we evaluate whether this relationship holds in a setting with a high degree of son preference and limited access to abortion services by focusing on rural India. We exploit the reforms to the Hindu Succession Act that improved female empowerment by mandating equal inheritance rights for women to assess the reform's impact on women's fertility. Using NFHS‐3 data and a difference‐in‐differences estimation, our results show that women who benefitted from the reform had more children than their counterparts. We attribute this increase in fertility to women's ability to use the stopping rule to achieve son preference. Finally, women impacted by the reform had a higher proportion of sons for a given family size, indicating stronger inherent son preference among treated women.
Treating individuals with suicidal ideation in primary care: Patient‐level characteristics associated with follow‐up in the Collaborative Care Model
Authors: Candon Molly , Wolk Courtney Benjamin , Kattan Khazanov Gabriela , Oslin David W. , Pieri Matteo F. , Press Matthew J. , Anderson Eleanor , Jager‐Hyman Shari 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe Collaborative Care Model (CoCM) is an evidence‐based approach which embeds behavioral health providers (BHPs) into primary care. Whether patients with suicidal ideation (SI) are willing to engage in CoCM is unclear.MethodsUsing Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) administrative data from primary care practices within an urban academic health system, we identified patients with and without SI who were referred to a CoCM BHP. We compared engagement, defined as attendance at ≥1 CoCM visit, across groups.ResultsBetween 2018 and 2022, 7391 primary care patients were referred to a CoCM BHP. Eight hundred and ninety‐two of these patients reported SI on the PHQ‐9 (754 on “several days” during the previous 2 weeks and 138 on “more than half or most days”). Across groups, most patients engaged in CoCM. Patients reporting SI on several days engaged at a lower rate (61.4%) than those reporting SI on more than half or most days (65.9%). Both SI groups engaged at a lower rate than the 6499 patients who did not report SI (67.5%).ConclusionMost patients referred to a CoCM BHP engaged in ≥1 visit. Rates were lower for patients with SI, with the lowest rate among those reporting SI on several days.
The effect of types of sensory feedback on the acquisition and retention of squat performance: A randomized, double‐blind, controlled trial
Authors: Shin Ho‐Jin , Kim Sung‐Hyeon , Cho Hwi‐Young 
Published: November 2023

AbstractVarious sensory feedback methods are considered important for motor learning, but the effect of each sensory feedback method on effective squat learning still needs to be clarified. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sensory feedback types on the acquisition and retention of a squat. A double‐blinded, randomized controlled trial was carried out. Thirty‐healthy people were recruited and randomly assigned to the visual feedback group (VFG = 10), tactile feedback group (TFG = 10), and control group (CG = 10). VFG received visual feedback through video data of the participant performing squats, and TFG received tactile feedback through manual contact with a physical therapist. Both groups received feedback on the movements that needed correction after each set was completed. CG maintained rest without receiving any feedback. The retro‐reflexive marker, force plate, and electromyography were used to measure body angle, foot center of pressure (COP), and muscle activity. All assessments were measured to confirm a squat acquisition. VFG and TFG showed significant differences in neutral knee position (NKP), trunk forward lean (TFL), anterior knee displacement (AKD), and anteroposterior (AP) foot COP (p < 0.050). In addition, the acquisition was retained until 3 days later for NKP and a week later for TFL, AKD, and AP foot COP in VFG (p < 0.050), while the acquisition was not retained in TFG (p > 0.050). There was no statistically significant change in CG (p > 0.050). This study demonstrated that visual feedback positively affects the acquisition and retention of squats. Therefore, we recommend the use of visual feedback for squat acquisition and retention in exercise novices.