bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A split‐mouth study on periodontal and microbial parameters in children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate
Authors: Quirynen M. , Dewinter G. , Avontroodt P. , Heidbüchel K. , Verdonck A. , Carels C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) is a hereditary or multifactorial malformation that can be corrected successfully with a combined orthodontic, surgical and restorative treatment. Such multidisciplinary treatment takes many years and demands a lot of attention to both patients' teeth and periodontium.Objectives: This split‐mouth study aimed to compare the periodontal health as well as the microbial parameters between cleft and non‐cleft region.Material and methods:  75 patients (52 males, 23 females) between 8 and 20 years with a complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (before (n = 30), during (n = 34) and after (n = 11) the active orthodontic treatment) volunteered for this study. Four regions were defined for the split‐mouth comparison: teeth neighbouring cleft (site 1), tooth in cleft (site 2), and the corresponding contra‐lateral teeth, respectively, in the unaffected quadrants (sites 3 and 4). At all sites the following periodontal parameters were recorded: plaque and gingivitis indices, pocket depth, attachment loss, bleeding on probing, tooth mobility (visual and Periotest), radiographic bone loss and gingival width. In addition, three pooled subgingival plaque samples were taken (around tooth in cleft, teeth facing the cleft, and contra‐lateral teeth of the latter).Results:  The differences between the teeth neighbouring the cleft and the corresponding contra‐lateral opponents were of borderline significance (P ≤ 0.05) for the plaque index, the approximal probing depths and the attachment loss (teeth facing the cleft always had slightly higher parameters). When the tooth in the cleft was compared to the contra‐lateral tooth, differences were only found for both the approximal probing depths, attachment loss and bone loss, which were significantly higher for the tooth in the cleft. The microbial analysis did not reveal differences between the different sites, neither in the proportion of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria (differences < 0.5 log), nor in the detection frequency of periopathogens.Conclusions:  These data indicate that the periodontium in UCLP patients can cope well with a long‐term orthodontic treatment, even in unfavourable conditions (like absence of attached gingiva and poor oral hygiene).
The fluoride content of foods and beverages from negligibly and optimally fluoridated communities
Authors: Jackson Richard D. , Brizendine Edward J. , Kelly Sue A. , Hinesley Rose , Stookey George K. , Dunipace Ann J. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract – In the spring of 1996, foods and beverages most commonly consumed by adolescents were analyzed for fluoride as part of a larger investigation. These foods were selected by interviewing 711 adolescents, 12–14 years of age, who were long‐time residents of either an optimally or negligibly fluoridated community. The brand names of the identified foods and beverages most commonly purchased were determined by interviews with the parents. A total of 441 brand‐name food and beverage items were purchased from both communities and were individually analyzed for fluoride. These analyses were done in order to estimate the fluoride content of various kinds of foods and beverages and to determine whether or not there was a significant difference between the two communities in the amount of fluoride ingested from these dietary sources. The food and beverage items were classified into dietary groups based on US Department of Agriculture (USDA) guidelines. Overall, the fluoride content of the sampled foods and beverages was low. In addition, there was no significant difference in the fluoride content of the same pre‐packaged or ready‐to‐eat food or beverage items purchased in the two communities. However, a significant difference was found between the two communities in the fluoride content of fountain beverages and in cooked or reconstituted foods prepared using local water from the respective communities. Based on these results, we have estimated the mean daily, dietary fluoride intake for 3–5‐year‐old children who are more susceptible to developing dental fluorosis.
Family impact of child oral and oro‐facial conditions
Authors: Locker David , Jokovic Aleksandra , Stephens Marlene , Kenny David , Tompson Bryan , Guyatt Gordon 
Published: March 2003

Abstract –Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the Family Impact Scale, a measure of the family impact of child oral and oro‐facial disorders. This formed one component of the Child Oral Health Quality of Life Instrument©.Methods: The scale was developed using a process described by Guyatt et al. (1987) and Juniper et al. (1996). An item pool was developed using a review of existing child health status and family impact questionnaires, interviews with 41 parents–caregivers of children with paedodontic, orthodontic and oro‐facial conditions and discussions with dental specialists. The resulting pool of 21 items was used in an item impact study in which 93 parents–caregivers provided data on the frequency and importance of these items. The 14 items identified most frequently or rated the most important were selected for the final questionnaire. The discriminant and construct validity and internal consistency reliability of this 14‐item scale were assessed in a study of 266 parents–caregivers from the three clinical groups. Seventy‐nine of these participants completed a second copy of the questionnaire to facilitate assessment of test–retest reliability.Results: Family Impact Scale scores ranged from 0 to 33, indicating that the measure was sensitive to variations in family impact. Floor effects were minimal with only 10.2% of subjects having a score of zero and there were no ceiling effects, that is, subjects with maximum scores. Almost three‐quarters of parents–caregivers reported some family impact ‘sometimes’ or ‘often/everyday’ over the previous 3 months. Impact on parental or family activities of this frequency was reported by 53.0%, impact on parental emotions by 44.0%, conflict in the family by 31.6% and financial difficulties by 31.2%. The measure and its component items were reasonably good at discriminating between the three clinical groups included in the study and showed good construct validity. It had excellent internal consistency reliability with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.83 and was reproducible for parent–caregivers who reported that their child's condition was stable (ICC = 0.80).Conclusions: The study provides some data to suggest that child oral and oro‐facial conditions have a pervasive impact on the family. The Family Impact Scale had good technical properties. Its evaluative properties need to be tested in longitudinal studies.
A prospective study of the validity of data on self‐reported dental visits
Authors: Gilbert Gregg H. , Rose John S. , Shelton Brent J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective: To measure the validity of self‐reported dental visits from a diverse sample of adults.Methods: The Florida Dental Care Study was a longitudinal cohort study of a diverse sample of residents of north Florida, USA. In‐person interviews and dental examinations were conducted at baseline, 24 and 48 months after baseline, with half‐yearly telephone interviews in between. Dental record information was abstracted afterward.Results: Agreement between self‐report and dental record at each half‐yearly interview ranged from 84 to 91%. Validity did not differ between persons of key sociodemographic groups (sex, race, age group, rural/urban residence, poverty status, level of formal education, or problem‐oriented/regular approach to dental care). In a single bivariate multiple logistic regression (two outcomes: (i) self‐reported use; and (ii) use measured from the dental chart), odds ratio estimates over‐lapped for each of the 20 predictors.Conclusions: Validity of self‐reported dental care use was good. There would have been few differences in conclusions made about predictors of dental care use had chart data been available earlier.
Risk factors for dental erosion in 5–6 year old and 12–14 year old boys in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al‐Majed Ibrahim , Maguire Anne , Murray John J. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Material and methods: Dental examinations were carried out on 354 boys aged 5–6 years, and 862 boys aged 12–14 years, attending 40 schools in Riyadh. The prevalence of dental erosion was assessed using diagnostic criteria similar to those employed in the 1993 UK National Survey of Child Dental Health. Results: Pronounced dental erosion (into dentine or dentine and pulp) was observed in 34% of 5–6 year olds and 26% of 12–14 year olds. Information on food and drink consumed and dietary habits was obtained by means of a questionnaire. Parents reported that 65% of 5–6 year old boys took a drink to bed. Water was the commonest drink consumed (37%) followed by carbonated soft drinks (21%). One third of parents reported that their son had something to eat in bed or during the night and 60% of this was sweet food or confectionery. Seventy per cent of 12–14 year old boys reported consuming drinks at night; these were mainly water (30%), carbonated soft drinks (27%) and tea or coffee, with sugar (18%). Forty‐six per cent of the 12–14 year olds reported that they ate in bed at least once a week and 54% of this was sweet food or confectionery. When the dental examination and questionnaire results were correlated, a statistically significant relationship was found between the number of primary maxillary incisors with pronounced erosion of their palatal surfaces and the consumption of carbonated soft drinks at night (P=0.015). A significant relationship was also found between the number of permanent maxillary incisors with pronounced erosion on their palatal surfaces and the frequency of drinks at night (P=0.020), as well as the duration of drinks retained in the mouth (P=0.038). Conclusion: It is concluded that dental erosion is more common in the primary and permanent dentitions of Saudi Arabian boys compared with results for similar age groups from the United Kingdom.
Oral self‐care among adults with diabetes in Finland
Authors: Karikoski Aija , Ilanne‐Parikka Pirjo , Murtomaa Heikki 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: The importance of maintenance and promotion of periodontal health is emphasized among people with diabetes because of their high risk for periodontal diseases. Our aim was to evaluate oral health behavior and its determinants among adults with diabetes in Finland.Methods: The population of the questionnaire study consisted of 420 systematically selected adults with diabetes, who were members of a national diabetes register. The response rate was 80%. Questions focused on self‐treatment, ‐prevention, and ‐diagnosis of oral diseases, utilization of dental services, and knowledge and attitudes toward oral health among adult people with diabetes. Oral self‐care was evaluated in the framework of the New Century model of oral health promotion.Results: The proportion of edentulous subjects was 23%, and these were excluded from further analysis. Self‐reported twice‐a‐day brushing among dentate participants was significantly more common among women and the highly educated, but was less common compared with earlier studies among Finnish adults. A quarter of those surveyed reported never cleaning interdental surfaces, with the number of daily cleaners being nearly equal (27%). Age 40 years or over and recent treatment by a private dentist were significant predictors for daily interdental cleaning. The proportion of those who had attended a dental appointment within the last year was 63%, and the main reason for the last dental visit was an emergency among almost one‐fifth of those surveyed.Conclusions:A need exists for further promotion of oral self‐care among adults with diabetes. Support by dental and other health care professionals involved in diabetes care should be encouraged.
Co‐expression of CD56 and CD30 in lymphomas with primary presentation in the skin: clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical and molecular analyses of seven cases
Authors: Natkunam Yasodha , Warnke Roger A. , Haghighi Bijan , Su Lyndon D. , Le Boit Philip E. , Kim Youn H. , Kohler Sabine 
Published: March 2003

Background: Natural killer and natural killer‐like T‐cell lymphomas presenting in the skin usually demonstrate aggressive behavior, an angiocentric distribution and a characteristic immunophenotype. In contrast, primary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders form a heterogeneous spectrum including anaplastic large cell lymphomas, the majority of which display a good prognosis. Lymphomas with co‐expression of CD56 and CD30 are extremely rare and the significance of this co‐expression is unknown.Methods: Seven retrospectively identified cases of lymphomas with co‐expression of CD56 and CD30 presenting in the skin comprise this study. Immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization for Epstein‐Barr virus and T‐cell receptor gene rearrangement studies were performed on paraffin sections.Results: This subset of cutaneous lymphomas showed a variable clinical course that ranged from resolution without treatment, treatment‐failure and recurrence, to death from disease. Histologic, immunophenotypic and molecular studies were of limited utility in predicting prognosis.Conclusions: Cutaneous lymphomas co‐expressing CD56 and CD30 share many clinicopathologic features with natural killer and natural killer‐like T‐cell lymphomas or anaplastic large cell lymphomas, two entities with widely disparate clinical behavior. It is important to recognize that these lymphomas may behave more aggressively than primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphomas do. Longer follow‐up and further investigations on larger numbers of cases are necessary to fully characterize this rare subset of cutaneous lymphomas.
“Tubular Spitz's nevus”– an artifact of fixation?
Authors: Ziemer Mirjana , Diaz‐Cascajo Carlos , Köhler Gabriele , Weyers Wolfgang 
Published: March 2003

Background: Spitz's nevi may contain numerous tubule‐like structures. This phenomenon has been described as “tubular Spitz's nevus” and has been attributed to either apoptosis in the center of nests of melanocytes or tubular metaplasia of melanocytes.Methods: In order to study this peculiar phenomenon, we reviewed 31 Spitz's nevi from our teaching collection.Results: Empty spaces vaguely resembling tubules were found in 15 Spitz's nevi, all of which were examples of the epithelioid‐cell type of Spitz's nevus. Histopathologically and immunohistochemically, there was no evidence of apoptosis within or around tubule‐like structures. Empty spaces in the center of nests ranged from distinctive tubule‐like structures to only slight separation of melanocytes from one another. Furthermore, empty spaces were also seen around nests, often in combination with distinctive tubule‐like changes.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that so‐called “tubular” structures in epithelioid Spitz's nevi result from retraction of tissue secondary to fixation in formalin. “Tubular Spitz's nevus” seems to represent an artifact rather than a distinctive variant of Spitz's nevus.
Assessment of clonality in melanocytic nevi
Authors: Hui Pei , Perkins Archibald S. , Glusac Earl J. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Melanocytic nevi are among the most common lesions in man; however; their pathogenesis remains largely unknown. While often held to be neoplastic, this hypothesis has not been conclusively verified. Alternatively, some authorities have held that melanocytic nevi are hamartomas. More practically, difficulty may be encountered in the histologic discrimination of melanocytic nevi from melanoma. It was reported that nevi may be differentiated from melanoma in females by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of loci of human androgen receptor gene on the X‐chromosome. However, contradictory findings have also been reported, suggesting that both acquired nevi and melanoma are clonal.Methods: Fifteen examples of melanocytic nevus were analyzed via PCR for pattern of X‐chromosome inactivation as indicated by the methylation status of the human androgen receptor gene.Results: Among 15 nevi analyzed, 11 cases provided informative polymorphism at the androgen receptor loci. Nine of these 11 cases revealed a non‐random pattern of X‐chromosome inactivation.Conclusions: These findings suggest that melanocytic nevi are clonal/neoplastic lesions. As such, they cannot be discriminated from melanoma on the basis of clonality.
Expression of the caveolins in dermal vascular tumors
Authors: Morgan Michael B. , Stevens G. Lex , Tannenbaum M. , Salup Raoul 
Published: March 2003

Introduction: Histopathologic criteria are usually sufficient for the accurate distinction of benign from malignant dermal vascular tumors. A minority of cases, however, pose a vexing diagnostic dilemma. Recent studies suggest that caveolin, a scaffolding cell membrane protein, may prove helpful in predicting the biologic behavior of endothelial‐derived neoplasms.Methods: We analyzed a series of 30 dermal vascular tumors including 12 lobular capillary hemangiomas (LCH), 4 cases of targetoid hemosiderotic hemangiomas (TH), 4 cases of tufted angioma (TA), 12 cases of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), 4 epithelioid (EH) and 1 spindle cell hemangioendothelioma (SH), and 4 cases of angiosarcoma (AS). The distribution of immunoreactivity was analyzed by quantifying cell membrane staining in each case.Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the expression of caveolin between LCH (mean labeling index=91.6), TH (mean labeling index=89.7), and TA (mean labeling index=87.2) and the cases of KS (mean labeling index=21.6, EH mean labeling index=23.1), and the AS ( mean labeling index=6.3).Conclusions: These results indicate that antibodies to caveolin may be useful in separating benign and malignant dermal vascular tumors and possibly implicates this peptide in their pathogenesis.
Sub‐populations of melanocytes in pigmented basal cell carcinoma: a quantitative, ultrastructural investigation
Authors: Lao Li‐Min , Kumakiri Masanobu , Kiyohara Takahiro , Kuwahara Hiroaki , Ueda Keiichi 
Published: March 2003

Background:Pigmentation is a characteristic clinical feature of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) in Japanese patients. The pathogenesis of melanin pigment in pigmented BCCs is poorly understood.Methods: We have combined the techniques of morphometric analysis and electron microscopy to assess accurately the morphologic aspects of melanocytes that occurred in pigmented and non‐pigmented areas of pigmented BCCs.Results: In the pigmented areas melanocytes were not only located along the basal membrane but also interspersed between tumor cells in the central parts of the tumor nest, and had large and numerous dendrites. Those in a supra‐basal location displayed some degree of degeneration due to mitochondrion and melanosome swelling. In the non‐pigmented areas melanocytes were only basally located, showed fewer dendrites, and frequently showed abortive melanosomes. However, melanocytes in these two different portions were in the active state of melanogenesis and proliferation. Ultrastructural cytomorphometric analysis also showed significant differences in most of the nuclear and cell parameters including nuclear and cell area, the nuclear/cell area ratio, cell perimeter and cell form factor between these two types of melanocytes. Particularly melanocytes in the pigmented areas were twice the cell size of the latter. In addition, the melanosomes remained almost completely in the apoptotic tumor cells, and the phagocytosis of the melanosome‐containing apoptotic cells by the neighboring tumor cells appeared to be followed by the formation of the melanosome complexes.Conclusions: These findings suggest that different populations of melanocytes are probably present in pigmented BCCs, and repeated cycles of phagocytosis of melanosome‐containing apoptotic cells may represent the predominant way of forming large melanosome complexes. The present morphological observation and quantitative analysis provide a morphological basis for further studies to interpret other pathologic changes in pigmented BCCs.
Dermatofibroma‐like granular cell tumor
Authors: Cheng Stephanie D. , Usmani Arif S. , DeYoung Barry R. , Ly Micki , Pellegrini Arthur E. 
Published: March 2003

Background:There have been several reports in the literature of dermatofibromas with granular cells. Here we report a granular cell tumor with the architecture of a dermatofibroma. This is the first report of this histological variant of granular cell tumor. The lesion was a 2.5‐cm oval, hyperpigmented plaque present for “years” on the back of a 60‐year‐old African‐American woman.Methods: The specimen was processed using formalin fixation and paraffin embedding. Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemical studies were performed with antibodies directed against S‐100 protein, neuron‐specific enolase, and factor XIIIa.Results: Histopathologic examination revealed granular cells, some of which were spindle shaped, distributed singly and in small groups between collagen bundles resembling a dermatofibroma. Immunohistochemical studies showed the tumor cells to be positive for S‐100 and neuron‐specific enolase and negative for factor XIIIa.Conclusion:The immunohistochemical findings support the diagnosis of a granular cell tumor with a dermatofibroma‐like pattern.
Cutaneous mast cells are altered in normal healthy volunteers sitting in front of ordinary TVs/PCs – results from open‐field provocation experiments
Authors: Johansson Olle , Gangi Shabnam , Liang Yong , Yoshimura Ken , Jing Chen , Liu Peng‐Yue 
Published: March 2003

Background: Considerable controversy has surrounded the question of possible biological responses to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) generated from visual display terminals (VDTs), such as personal computers (PCs) and ordinary television sets (TVs). The cellular and molecular mechanisms for such potential harmful health hazards have not yet been understood, although clues from the literature include mast cells and histamine. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate possible biological mast cell responses to TV/PC screens.Methods: Using the indirect immunofluorescence technique, we studied the presence of histamine‐containing mast cells in the dermis of healthy volunteers. Cutaneous biopsies taken before and after exposure to ordinary TV/PC screens for 2 or 4 h were investigated in 13 healthy subjects.Results: Our present in vivo study indicates that normal cutaneous mast cells could be altered by exposure from ordinary TV/PC screens. To our great surprise, we found the number of mast cells in the papillary and reticular dermis to increase, to varying degrees, in 5 out the 13 subjects after such an exposure. A migration of mast cells towards the uppermost dermis appeared as the most important event. Thus, the normally upper “empty zone” of the dermis disappeared, and instead, a higher density of mast cells were found in this zone. These cells also seemed to have a tendency to increase in number towards the epidermal‐dermal junctional zone and some of them lost their granular content and the cytoplasm shrunk (=degranulation). These findings could only be seen in the exposed skin. Two of the 13 cases instead showed a decrease in mast cell number, but the shift in mast cells towards the upper dermis was still visible. Twenty‐four h after the provocation, the cellular number and location were normalized in all subjects.Conclusions: By definition, normal healthy volunteers are assumed not to react to a TV/PC screen provocation. To our great surprise, this proved not to be true. The present results might lay a foundation to understand the underlying cause of so‐called “screen dermatitis” with special reference to mast cells. However, blind or double‐blind experiments using patients ought to be further investigated in order to find out the exact cause for the observed changes. Such causes include the effects of surrounding airborne chemicals, stress factors, etc.