bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the productive performance of growing lambs using prebiotic and probiotic as growth promoters
Authors: Shoukry Mohsen Mahmoud , El-Nomeary Yasser Ahmed Abd El-Fattah , Salman Fatma Mansour , Shakweer Waleid Mohamed EL-Sayed 
Published: October 2023

Abstract The feed additives (prebiotics and probiotics) are used to stabilize the healthy gut microbiome by supporting beneficial microorganisms, thereby improving the animal growth rate. Thirty growing lambs, with around 20.50 ± 0.65 kg live weight were placed into five equal groups (6 animals each). The concentrate feed mixture (CFM) + roughage was given to the control groups. The treatments (T) of T1, T2, and T3 treatments were fed the control ration with three levels of prebiotic supplementation: 0.50, 1.00, and 1.50 g/kg CFM of mannan oligosaccharids + beta glucan, respectively. The T4 received the control ration and was supplemented with 1.0 g/kg CFM probiotic (3.0 × 108 CFU/g, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens). The roughage was provided ad libitum, and the animals were supplemented with CFM at 2.00% of the body weight. A digestibility trial was conducted at the end of the 150-day feeding trial. The results demonstrated that increasing the prebiotic to 0.15% enhanced average daily gain and feed efficiency (P < 0.05) when compared to the control group. Although daily gain and feed efficiency in probiotic-fed animals were higher (P < 0.05) than in the control group, they were lower in prebiotic-fed lambs. The blood parameters were within normal range. The animals that received 0.10% prebiotic had the highest economic feed efficiency when compared to the other groups. Prebiotic treatment improved nutrient digestibility and nutritive values; however, the results for control and probiotic treatment were practically identical. Additionally, further research is needed to investigate the effects of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics as feed additives on productive and reproductive performance in ruminants.
Sleep apnea healthcare management in dynamically changing times
Authors: Krefting Dagmar , Arzt Michael , Maurer Joachim T , Penzel Thomas , Prasser Fabian , Sedlmayr Martin , Schöbel Christoph 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common chronic disorder and an independent risk factor for several health issues, with a high prevalence estimated at 30% for men and 13% for women in Germany.

Objective
For both individual wellbeing and healthcare systems, efficient and effective diagnosis and treatment of OSA are essential. Actors and stations along the patient pathway that may strongly benefit from adoption of current and evolving digital methods and tools are to be identified.

Materials and methods
This work analyzes an OSA patient’s pathway through the German healthcare system, as well as current developments in health informatics and patient involvement. Potential benefits are identified and a patient-centric integrated digital health system is conceptualized.

Results
Digital health strategies of German and European governments emphasize the importance of connected healthcare for patient empowerment, efficient health systems, and innovations in healthcare. For OSA, in particular intersectoral sharing of health assessments and biosignal measurements can support physicians’ care and timely and adequate treatment. Furthermore, clinical decision-support systems including artificial intelligence may help in optimized patient-centric treatment by early detection of females suffering from OSA, OSA pheno- and endotypes, and patients at risk of abandoning treatments. However, bureaucratic and reimbursement barriers in legislation may slow down or even inhibit the implementation of a smart healthcare system.

Conclusion
Current trends in connected digital healthcare, wearables, data-driven decision support, and patient participation offer many opportunities for significantly improving healthcare for OSA. However, many technical, organizational, and regulatory challenges are to be faced.
The “autopsy” enigma: etymology, related terms and unambiguous alternatives
Authors: Foster Jacob 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The concerted use of Greek-derived medical terms in the present day allows us to facilitate effective communication while honouring the historic roots of Western medicine. The word autopsy derives from its third century B.C. Hellenistic Greek etymon αὐτοψία (“to see for oneself”), later borrowed into Neo-Latin as autopsia and Middle French as autopsie. Throughout its etymological journey, autopsie underwent semantic narrowing from the passive sense “self-inspection of something without touching”, to a purposeful action by an operator performing “an examination of the human body itself”, to specifically “dissection of a dead human body”. These curious turning points for the meaning of autopsie produced an auto-antonym: the same word now has multiple meanings, of which one is the reverse of another. The French autopsie used in the latter sense predates that documented for the English autopsy (attested 1829). Since the early nineteenth century, attempts were made to remedy the discrepancy between conflicting senses either by adding determining adjectives to the existing noun, or by substituting it with another word altogether. This review explores the etymological journey of autopsy, considers which related terms have been popularised throughout history, introduces the concept of lexical ambiguity and suggests unambiguous English compound (necropsy and necrotomy) and Latin-derived (non-invasive and invasive postmortem examination) alternatives to satisfy a recent appetite for clarity in international professional and next-of-kin communication.
Blood Oxygenation Level–Dependent Cerebrovascular Reactivity–Derived Steal Phenomenon May Indicate Tissue Reperfusion Failure After Successful Endovascular Thrombectomy
Authors: Bellomo Jacopo , Sebök Martina , Stumpo Vittorio , van Niftrik Christiaan H. B. , Meisterhans Darja , Piccirelli Marco , Michels Lars , Reolon Beno , Esposito Giuseppe , Schubert Tilman , Kulcsar Zsolt , Luft Andreas R. , Wegener Susanne , Regli Luca , Fierstra Jorn 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn acute ischemic stroke due to large-vessel occlusion (LVO), the clinical outcome after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is influenced by the extent of autoregulatory hemodynamic impairment, which can be derived from blood oxygenation level–dependent cerebrovascular reactivity (BOLD-CVR). BOLD-CVR imaging identifies brain areas influenced by hemodynamic steal. We sought to investigate the presence of steal phenomenon and its relationship to DWI lesions and clinical deficit in the acute phase of ischemic stroke following successful vessel recanalization.From the prospective longitudinal IMPreST (Interplay of Microcirculation and Plasticity after ischemic Stroke) cohort study, patients with acute ischemic unilateral LVO stroke of the anterior circulation with successful endovascular thrombectomy (EVT; mTICI scale ≥ 2b) and subsequent BOLD-CVR examination were included for this analysis. We analyzed the spatial correlation between brain areas exhibiting BOLD-CVR-associated steal phenomenon and DWI infarct lesion as well as the relationship between steal phenomenon and NIHSS score at hospital discharge.Included patients (n = 21) exhibited steal phenomenon to different extents, whereas there was only a partial spatial overlap with the DWI lesion (median 19%; IQR, 8–59). The volume of steal phenomenon outside the DWI lesion showed a positive correlation with overall DWI lesion volume and was a significant predictor for the NIHSS score at hospital discharge.Patients with acute ischemic unilateral LVO stroke exhibited hemodynamic steal identified by BOLD-CVR after successful EVT. Steal volume was associated with DWI infarct lesion size and with poor clinical outcome at hospital discharge. BOLD-CVR may further aid in better understanding persisting hemodynamic impairment following reperfusion therapy.
Liquid hydrogen storage design trades for a short-range aircraft concept
Authors: Burschyk Tim , Cabac Yannic , Silberhorn Daniel , Boden Brigitte , Nagel Björn 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPreliminary design trades for the liquid hydrogen storage system of a short-range aircraft are presented. Two promising insulation methods, namely rigid foam and multilayer insulation, are identified as main design drivers. In addition, the maximal pressure and the shape of the hydrogen storage tank influence the aircraft performance and the insulation efficiency. In this study, the hydrogen storage tanks are integrated in wing pods. The main effects driven by the design parameters are addressed using conceptual and preliminary methods: models are carried out for the storage mass, additional drag, propeller efficiency loss and the dynamical thermodynamic behavior of the liquid hydrogen storage. These effects are coupled making an integrated design method necessary. For the sizing of the liquid hydrogen storage, a multidisciplinary workflow is set up including the aircraft sensitivities on the design mission block fuel. The trade-off study reveals the opposing trend between insulation efficiency and aircraft performance. For the insulation architecture based on rigid foam, the penalties implied by the storage tank on aircraft level and the penalties due to vented hydrogen can be balanced and result in minimal block fuel for the design mission. The application of multilayer insulation avoids venting during the design mission, but has an increased penalty on the aircraft performance compared to rigid foam insulation. Besides the criterion of minimal block fuel, the dormancy time is compared, indicating the thermal efficiency. Applying multilayer insulation, the dormancy time can be increased significantly calling for a discussion of operational requirements for hydrogen-powered aircraft.
Comparison of BMI and HbA1c changes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in type 1 diabetes: a longitudinal population-based study
Authors: Auzanneau Marie , Kieninger Dorothee M. , Laubner Katharina , Renner Christian , Mirza Joaquina , Däublin Gerhard , Praedicow Kirsten , Haberland Holger , Steigleder-Schweiger Claudia , Gohlke Bettina , Galler Angela , Holl Reinhard W. ,   on behalf of the DPV Initiative
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the changes in body weight and glycemic control before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods
In 47,065 individuals with T1D from the German Diabetes Prospective Follow-up Registry (DPV), we compared the adjusted mean changes in BMI-Z-scores and HbA1c as well as the distribution of individual changes between four periods from March 2018 to February 2022, by sex and age group (4- < 11, 11- < 16, 16–50 years).

Results
At population level, the only significant pandemic effects were a slight increase in BMI Z-score in prepubertal children (girls: + 0.03 in the first COVID year vs. before, P < 0.01; boys: + 0.04, P < 0.01) as well as a stabilization of HbA1c in all subgroups or even improvement in women (− 0.08%, P < 0.01). At individual level, however, heterogeneity increased significantly (p < 0.01), especially in children. More prepubertal children gained weight (girls: 45% vs. 35% before COVID; boys: 39% vs. 33%). More pubertal girls lost weight (30% vs. 21%) and fewer gained weight (43% vs. 54%). More children had a decreasing HbA1c (prepubertal group: 29% vs. 22%; pubertal girls: 33% vs. 28%; pubertal boys: 32% vs. 25%) and fewer had increasing values. More women had stable HbA1c and fewer had increasing values (30% vs. 37%). In men, no significant changes were observed.

Conclusion
This real-world analysis shows no detrimental consequences of the two first COVID years on weight and HbA1c in T1D on average, but reveals, beyond the mean trends, a greater variability at the individual level.
Peer Relations of Adolescents with Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Systematic Literature Review of Two Decades
Authors: Wang Joy Huanhuan , Merrin Gabriel J. , Kiefer Sarah M. , Jackson Jesseca L. , Huckaby Paige L. , Pascarella Lauren A. , Blake Corinne L. , Gomez Michael D. , Smith Nicholas D. W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere is a need for a systematic understanding of how adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) affect peer relationships during adolescence and the subsequent effects on youth well-being. This study conducted a systematic literature review of the two decades (1999–2019) following the CDC-Kaiser ACE study (1998). The review included 11 ACEs (i.e., 10 ACEs from the CDC-Kaiser ACE study plus child welfare involvement) and searched five databases (i.e., Embase, ERIC, PsycINFO, PTSDpubs, and PubMed). Ninety-two studies were included. The findings indicated that ACEs were differentially associated with six aspects of peer relationships: (1) ACEs were negatively associated with peer relation quantity and peer status; (2) ACEs were not significantly related to peer support; (3) associations of ACEs with peer relationship quality and peer characteristics included negative and nonsignificant findings; and (4) relations between ACEs and peer influence appeared contradictory (i.e., positive and negative associations). Additionally, various aspects of peer relationships further affected the well-being of youth with ACEs. The findings call for more attention to the associations between ACEs and adolescent peer relationships. Longitudinal studies that examine change over time, potential mechanisms, and moderating factors in the associations between ACEs and peer relations are needed to clarify the heterogeneity of findings across the six aspects of peer relations. Lastly, the findings suggest a potential expansion of the trauma-informed care principle by considering multiple facets of peer relationships beyond peer support.
A new vertebrate assemblage from the Matute Formation of the Cameros Basin (Ágreda, Spain): implications for the diversity during the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary
Authors: Puértolas-Pascual E. , Aurell M. , Bermúdez-Rochas D. D. , Canudo J. I. , Fernandes A. E. , Galobart A. , Moreno-Azanza M. , Pérez-García A. , Castanera D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Ribota site (Ágreda, Soria, Spain) is a new locality in the Matute Formation (Tithonian–Berriasian) composed of several carbonate layers, outstandingly rich in macrovertebrate remains. Fossils show an unusual replacement of the original bioapatite by quartz, and are found as positive reliefs protruding from lacustrine limestone beds. This type of conservation has allowed the identification of around one hundred vertebrate bone accumulations in an outcrop of more than 10 hectares. Osteichthyans (articulated partial skeletons, cranial material, and isolated postcranial bones and scales), crocodylomorphs (disarticulated cranial material, isolated teeth, vertebrae and osteoderms), turtles (partial carapaces and plastra, but also isolated plates) and pterosaurs (cranial and appendicular elements) have been identified. Around 80 specimens have been collected and a preliminary study of part of the collection (35 specimens) has allowed the identification of at least 5 different taxa: Halecomorphi indet., Neoginglymodi indet., Goniopholididae indet., Testudinata indet., and Pterodactyloidea indet. This new site represents one of the few sites from this time interval preserved in a fully lacustrine environment, so these vertebrate assemblages are unique and composed of different animals that presumably lived around and within the lake. They are dominated by aquatic and amphibian vertebrates and was formed by attrition in this lacustrine environment, possibly far from the lake shoreline. These macrovertebrate assemblages provide new data about the diversity in the faunal ecosystems from the Jurassic/Cretaceous transition of the Iberian Basin Rift System.
Combining the hybrid mimetic mixed method with the Scharfetter-Gummel scheme for magnetised transport in plasmas
Authors: Cheng Hanz Martin , ten Thije Boonkkamp Jan , Janssen Jesper , Mihailova Diana , van Dijk Jan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a numerical scheme for fluid models of magnetised plasmas. One important feature of the numerical scheme is that it should be able to handle the anisotropy induced by the magnetic field. In order to do so, we propose the use of the hybrid mimetic mixed (HMM) scheme for diffusion. This is combined with a hybridised variant of the Scharfetter-Gummel (SG) scheme for advection. The proposed hybrid scheme can be implemented very efficiently via static condensation. Numerical tests are then performed to show the applicability of the combined HMM-SG scheme, even for highly anisotropic magnetic fields.
The impact of scale on extracting urban mobility patterns using texture analysis
Authors: Bin Asad Khan Mortuza , Yuan Yihong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe development of high-precision location tracking devices and advancements in data collection, storage, transmission technologies, and data mining algorithms have led to the availability of large datasets with high spatiotemporal resolution. These geospatial big data can be used to identify human movement patterns in urban areas. However, identifying human movement patterns may yield different results depending on the scale size used. In this paper, we employed first and second order texture analysis algorithms to identify spatial patterns of human movement for various scale sizes based on taxi trajectory data from Nanjing, China. The results demonstrated that texture analysis can quantify changes in human movement patterns for different scale sizes in an urban area. Furthermore, the results may differ based on the location of the study area. This study contributed both methodologically and empirically. Methodologically, we used texture analysis to examine the impact of different scale sizes on the extraction of aggregated human travel patterns. Empirically, we quantified the effects of different scale sizes on extracting aggregated travel patterns of an urban area. Overall, the findings of this study can have significant implications for urban planning and policy-making, as understanding human movement patterns at different scales can provide valuable insights for optimizing transportation systems and enhancing overall urban mobility.
Studying plant autophagy: challenges and recommended methodologies
Authors: Qi Hua , Wang Yao , Bao Yan , Bassham Diane C. , Chen Liang , Chen Qin-Fang , Hou Suiwen , Hwang Inhwan , Huang Li , Lai Zhibing , Li Faqiang , Liu Yule , Qiu Rongliang , Wang Hao , Wang Pengwei , Xie Qingjun , Zeng Yonglun , Zhuang Xiaohong , Gao Caiji , Jiang Liwen , Xiao Shi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn plants, autophagy is a conserved process by which intracellular materials, including damaged proteins, aggregates, and entire organelles, are trafficked to the vacuole for degradation, thus maintaining cellular homeostasis. The past few decades have seen extensive research into the core components of the central autophagy machinery and their physiological roles in plant growth and development as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Moreover, several methods have been established for monitoring autophagic activities in plants, and these have greatly facilitated plant autophagy research. However, some of the methodologies are prone to misuse or misinterpretation, sometimes casting doubt on the reliability of the conclusions being drawn about plant autophagy. Here, we summarize the methods that are widely used for monitoring plant autophagy at the physiological, microscopic, and biochemical levels, including discussions of their advantages and limitations, to provide a guide for studying this important process.
A review of physiological measures for mental workload assessment in aviation
Authors: Luzzani G. , Buraioli I. , Demarchi D. , Guglieri G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe relevant growth of human-machine interaction (HMI) systems in recent years is leading to the necessity of being constantly aware of the cognitive workload level of an operator, especially in a safety-critical context such as aviation. Since the confusion in the definition of this concept, this paper clarifies this terminology and also highlights its relationship with stress. Thus, we analysed the state-of-the-art of cognitive workload evaluations, showing three up-to-date methodologies: subjective, behavioural and physiological. In particular, the physiological approach is increasingly gaining attention in the literature due to today’s exponential growth of biomedical sensors. Therefore, a review of the most adopted physiological signals in the workload evaluation is provided, focusing on the aeronautical field. We conclude by highlighting the necessity of a multimodal approach for mental workload assessment as a result of this analysis.
Morphological indexes to describe snow-cover patterns in a high-alpine area
Authors: Ferrarin Lucia , Schulz Karsten , Bocchiola Daniele , Koch Franziska 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The spatiotemporal distribution of snow affects hydrological and climatological processes at different scales. Accordingly, quantifying geometric features of snow-cover patterns is important, providing a valuable complement for snow water equivalent (SWE) modelling. This study on satellite-based morphological analysis originally uses two types of geometric indexes: (1) MN, Minkowski numbers (area (MN1), perimeter (MN2), Euler number (MN3)), and (2) CL, average chord length, to describe the morphology of Sentinel-2-derived snow-covered areas (SCAs), within the high-alpine site Zugspitze for a 5 year period. Results indicate that they capture the seasonal variability of snow-cover patterns, particularly during accumulation and ablation. Being to some degree independent from each other, MN2, MN3 and CL provide additional information upon shape, connectivity and length scale of snow cover, compared to most used indexes (e.g. fractional SCA). Correlation values up to +0.7 for MN2, +0.58 for MN3 and +0.46 for CL were observed with selected topographic characteristics, suggesting a close connection between geometric features of snow cover and ground features. Comparing in situ SWE measurements with MN and CL shows a correlation between −0.5 and +0.5. These indexes can hence be applied in combination with in situ data and/or modelling approaches to improve spatially distributed SWE in high-alpine catchments.
Community-based rehabilitation intervention for people with schizophrenia in Ethiopia (RISE) cluster-randomised controlled trial: An exploratory analysis of impact on food insecurity, underweight, alcohol use disorder and depressive symptoms
Authors: Asher Laura , Birhane Rahel , Weiss Helen A. , Medhin Girmay , Selamu Medhin , Patel Vikram , De Silva Mary , Hanlon Charlotte , Fekadu Abebaw 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We evaluated the effectiveness of community-based rehabilitation (CBR) in reducing depressive symptoms, alcohol use disorder, food insecurity and underweight in people with schizophrenia. This cluster-randomised controlled trial was conducted in a rural district of Ethiopia. Fifty-four sub-districts were allocated in a 1:1 ratio to the facility-based care [FBC] plus CBR arm and the FBC alone arm. Lay workers delivered CBR over 12 months. We assessed food insecurity (self-reported hunger), underweight (BMI< 18.5 kg/m2), depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) and alcohol use disorder (AUDIT ≥ 8) at 6 and 12 months. Seventy-nine participants with schizophrenia in 24 sub-districts were assigned to CBR plus FBC and 87 participants in 24 sub-districts were assigned to FBC only. There was no evidence of an intervention effect on food insecurity (aOR 0.52, 95% CI 0.16–1.67; p = 0.27), underweight (aOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.17–1.12; p = 0.08), alcohol use disorder (aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.24–2.74; p = 0.74) or depressive symptoms (adjusted mean difference − 0.06, 95% CI −1.35, 1.22; p = 0.92). Psychosocial interventions in low-resource settings should support access to treatment amongst people with schizophrenia, and further research should explore how impacts on economic, physical and mental health outcomes can be achieved.