bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intranasal Midazolam Versus Rectal Diazepam for the Home Treatment of Acute Seizures
Authors: Campbell Kirstin L. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Seizures are generally rare but consistently distressing medical events. They require timely intervention to minimize harm. This combination of factors makes them a common trigger for emergency medical service calls and emergency department evaluations. Seizures result from a variety of anatomic, genetic/metabolic, traumatic, infectious, oncologic, and other disease processes and are concerning for patients, caregivers, and bystanders alike. Seizure control can be an added challenge for patients in the palliative care and hospice populations as events can increase during disease progression. Rectal diazepam has been the standard in-home acute therapy for many years; however, this route of administration can be especially difficult in older children and adults due to size, mobility, and privacy concerns. Alternative options are now available and may have improved effectiveness or user satisfaction.
Methylphenidate for Cancer-Related Fatigue
Authors: Cogan Daniel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fatigue is a common and debilitating symptom for patients with advanced cancer. Effective treatment is challenging due to the many potential concurrent symptoms and contributing factors. Some practice guidelines recommend the use of psychostimulants such as methylphenidate to treat cancer-related fatigue. “Methylphenidate for Cancer-Related Fatigue” examines the results of a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study comparing methylphenidate to placebo for the management of cancer-related fatigue. The featured study showed methylphenidate to be no better than placebo for treatment of cancer-related fatigue. Nonpharmacologic modalities, including exercise, energy conservation, and psychosocial interventions, remain the most strongly supported options for cancer-related fatigue.
Duloxetine for the Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Baltz Alan Patrick , Gressler Laura Elisabeth , Costantino Ryan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain (CIPNP) is a condition characterized by significant pain with reduced functionality and quality of life for which there are limited analgesic treatment options. This study assessed the effect of duloxetine versus placebo on average pain severity. The authors hypothesized that duloxetine would be more effective. Treatment with duloxetine resulted in a greater mean difference in average pain scores with improved functionality and quality of life, indicating that duloxetine may be more effective than placebo at 5 weeks and can serve as an effective treatment for CIPNP.
Opioid Therapy for Dyspnea Associated With Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
Authors: Davis Mellar P. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In a large retrospective Canadian study of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), exposure to opioids was associated with increased COPD exacerbations, pneumonia, hospital and intensive care admissions, and all-cause mortality. Adverse events were noted even on low-dose opioids defined as morphine equivalents of &lt; 30 mg/day.
Effect of Prophylactic Subcutaneous Scopolamine Butylbromide on Death Rattle in Patients at the End of Life
Authors: Davis Mellar P. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Death rattle is relatively common among dying patients. Can it be prevented? A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed in 6 hospices in the Netherlands. Patients in the study had a life expectancy of 3 or more days. Patients received either subcutaneous scopolamine butylbromide 20 mg 4 times a day or placebo. The primary outcome was the occurrence of a grade 2 or higher death rattle as defined by Back et al. A death rattle occurred in 10 patients (13%) in the scopolamine group compared with 21 patients (27%) in the placebo group (difference, 14%; 95% CI: 2%–27%, P = .02).
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) as Adjunctive Therapy May Offer Benefit to Patients With Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
Authors: DeSanto-Madeya Susan , Dahlin Constance 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Major depression disorder (MDD) is a mental health disorder, characterized by persistently depressed mood or loss of interest in activities, causing significant impairment in daily life. The efficacy and tolerability of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) were evaluated as an adjunctive therapy to citalopram in patients with MDD. Fifty-eight patients with MDD were randomized to receive either PEA or placebo twice daily in addition to citalopram for 6 weeks. Fifty-six patients completed the trial. Patients in the PEA group had greater reductions in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) score at 2 weeks and greater improvement in depressive symptoms throughout the trial period. PEA adjunctive therapy to citalopram was shown to improve symptoms in a small sample of patients with MDD.
Use of Mirtazapine for Cancer-Associated Anorexia and Cachexia
Authors: McPherson Alexandra L. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
There are few available options for the management of cancer-associated anorexia and cachexia (CAC) syndrome. Despite limited data supporting its use, mirtazapine, a tetracyclic antidepressant, is frequently used for appetite stimulation and weight gain in patients with CAC. Hunter et al. conducted this parallel-group, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized phase 3 trial to assess the efficacy and tolerability of mirtazapine in adults with advanced cancer and CAC. Patients were randomized to either mirtazapine 15 mg/day or placebo in a 1:1 ratio and were followed for a minimum of 28 days. Compared to placebo, mirtazapine did not improve appetite (primary endpoint), body weight, handgrip strength, or quality of life in this patient population. Based on these results, the authors concluded that mirtazapine should not be routinely recommended for CAC.
American (Wisconsin) Ginseng for Cancer-Related Fatigue
Authors: Wright Crystal A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cancer-related fatigue is a highly prevalent and distressing symptom encountered in palliative care. This chapter presents a concise summary of a Mayo Clinic–led, phase 3 study by Barton and colleagues that establishes a role for Wisconsin ginseng in the management of cancer-related fatigue. Adult cancer survivors receiving or having completed curative-intent treatment were studied. Wisconsin ginseng treatment led to significant symptom improvement after 8 weeks compared to placebo. Key takeaways are presented to help apply the findings in a real-world setting.
The headache consultation
Authors: Kernick David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the UK, 3% of GP consultations are for headache and 4% are referred to secondary care, where headache is the most common neurological presentation. The first step is to exclude a secondary pathology and once this has been done, diagnose a primary headache. In all medical settings, migraine is the most common headache diagnosis, accounting for &gt;90% of episodic headache presenting to primary care. This chapter gives an overview of the headache consultation in terms of history, examination, The focus is on imaging to exclude a serious pathology which is always of concern for practitioner and patient. Other investigations such as blood tests and lumbar puncture are discussed.
Medication-overuse headache
Authors: Bahra Anish 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Affecting 2–3% of the population, medication-overuse headache is headache that occurs on ≥15 days a month associated with frequent use of acute-relief medication in susceptible patients. Patients with a predisposition to migraine or tension-type headache seem prone to medication-overuse headache. The pathogenesis is poorly understood. This chapter describes its clinical features and approaches to management.
Headache attributed to head or neck trauma
Authors: Giffin Nicola 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Traffic accidents and falls are the most common causes of head trauma, followed by sports and violence. For many patients the burden is increased by other associated physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms: the ‘post-concussion syndrome’. This chapter covers headache attributed to head or neck trauma, and covers classification, prognosis, and the treatment of post-traumatic headache.
Building your psychotherapy skills
Authors: Rinaldi Matthew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The analytic stance is a broad term encompassing several fundamentals of psychodynamic psychotherapy including therapist neutrality, letting the patient lead, free association, approaching without memory or desire, the working alliance, where to focus one’s attention, building complexity, linking ideas, working with defences, and working with differences. These advanced communication techniques are contextualized within the psychoanalytic, neuroscientific, and psychological evidence base which supports them. The analytic stance is compared with the medical stance and the processes of allowing previous stances to die or encouraging new ones to grow are compared.
Land of gas and dust – exploring bursting cavities on comet 67P
Authors: Müller Daniel R , Altwegg Kathrin , Berthelier Jean-Jacques , Bonny Robin F , Combi Michael R , De Keyser Johan , Doriot Antea C , Fuselier Stephen A , Hänni Nora , Rubin Martin , Wampfler Susanne F , Wurz Peter 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Gas and dust outbursts are recurring phenomena on comets, offering critical insights into their subsurface activities. On comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, two distinct outburst types have been identified: CO$_{2}$-dominated ‘summer fireworks’ near perihelion and water-driven events often linked to cliff collapses outside the perihelion period. While CO$_{2}$-dominated outbursts are thought to originate from subsurface gas cavities, the properties of these cavities remain poorly understood. In this study, we modelled the outgassing dynamics and dust velocities of outburst events using Rosetta/ROSINA data to estimate the characteristics of subsurface gas cavities and their impact on ejected particle dynamics. Our results indicate that CO$_{2}$-dominated events involve subsurface cavities with radii ranging from 15 to 62 m for an equivalent half-sphere geometry, depending on gas distribution assumptions. Conversely, water-driven outbursts would require subsurface temperatures far above equilibrium, supporting the hypothesis of mechanical processes like cliff collapses exposing ices to sublimation. Dust velocities in CO$_{2}$-dominated events – while aligning with results from other Rosetta instruments – were notably higher across all grain sizes compared to water-driven events, reflecting distinct dynamics in dust ejection. These findings highlight the critical role of subsurface gas reservoirs in driving explosive outbursts and suggest a strong connection between cometary activity, volatile distribution, and structural conditions. This study emphasizes the need for high-resolution data on subsurface volatiles from future missions and more refined modelling and experiments to further elucidate these mechanisms, with potential broader implications for our understanding of cometary activity.
A high-resolution view of RNA endonuclease cleavage in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Taggart James C , Dierksheide Kathryn Julia , LeBlanc Hannah J , Lalanne Jean-Benoît , Durand Sylvain , Braun Frédérique , Condon Ciarán , Li Gene-Wei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
RNA endonucleases are the rate-limiting initiator of decay for many bacterial mRNAs. However, the positions of cleavage and their sequence determinants remain elusive even for the well-studied Bacillus subtilis. Here we present two complementary approaches—transcriptome-wide mapping of endoribonucleolytic activity and deep mutational scanning of RNA cleavage sites—that reveal distinct rules governing the specificity among B. subtilis endoribonucleases. Detection of RNA terminal nucleotides in both 5′- and 3′-exonuclease-deficient cells revealed &gt;103 putative endonucleolytic cleavage sites with single-nucleotide resolution. We found a surprisingly weak consensus for RNase Y targets, a contrastingly strong primary sequence motif for EndoA targets, and long-range intramolecular secondary structures for RNase III targets. Deep mutational analysis of RNase Y cleavage sites showed that the specificity is governed by many disjointed sequence features. Our results highlight the delocalized nature of mRNA stability determinants and provide a strategy for elucidating endoribonuclease specificity in vivo.
Utilization of Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis at a Midwestern United States HIV/PrEP Clinic
Authors: Sunagawa Shawnalyn W , Codling Gabriel , Lyden Elizabeth , Bares Sara H , Scarsi Kimberly K , Havens Joshua P 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Appropriate, protocol-adherent, doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis prescribing occurred for 70% of prescriptions from our clinic. Most of the nonadherent prescribing was due to missed sexually transmitted infection screenings (89%). As utilization of doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis continues to increase, it is necessary to ensure appropriate follow-up and monitoring.
Association of Daily Body Temperature, White Blood Cell Count, and C-reactive Protein With Mortality and Persistent Bacteremia in Patients With Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia: A Post Hoc Analysis of the CAMERA2 Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ong Sean W X , Daneman Nick , Davis Joshua S , Tong Steven Y C ,   for the Combination Antibiotics for MEthicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CAMERA2) Study Group, Lye David C , Yahav Dafna , Sud Archana , Robinson J Owen , Nelson Jane , Archuleta Sophia , Roberts Matthew A , Cass Alan , Paterson David L , Foo Hong , Paul Mical , Guy Stephen D , Tramontana Adrian R , Walls Genevieve B , McBride Stephen , Bak Narin , Ghosh Niladri , Rogers Benjamin A , Ralph Anna P , Davies Jane , Ferguson Patricia E , Dotel Ravindra , McKew Genevieve L , Gray Timothy J , Holmes Natasha E , Smith Simon , Warner Morgyn S , Kalimuddin Shirin , Young Barnaby E , Runnegar Naomi , Andresen David N , Anagnostou Nicholas A , Chatfield Mark D , Cheng Allen C , Fowler Vance G , Howden Benjamin P , Meagher Niamh , Price David J , van Hal Sebastiaan J , Sullivan Matthew V N O 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Classification of patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia as complicated versus uncomplicated is based on a combination of clinical and microbiologic variables. Whether daily body temperature and common laboratory tests such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) can improve risk stratification algorithms is unclear.

Methods
We conducted a post hoc secondary analysis of the CAMERA2 trial, which enrolled hospitalized adult patients with methicillin-resistant S aureus bacteremia and prospectively collected daily body temperature and peripheral blood WBC and CRP. We evaluated the prognostic relevance of each parameter by calculating crude and adjusted odds ratios for 90-day all-cause mortality comparing patients with the abnormal parameter of interest versus those with normal parameters on each day of illness.

Results
A total of 345 patients were included in this analysis, of whom 63 (18.3%) died within 90 days. Fever (body temperature ≥38.0 °C) was associated with increased odds of 90-day mortality from day 4 and onwards. Fever later in the illness course was associated with higher adjusted odds of mortality (8.78; 95% confidence interval, 2.78–27.7 on day 7 vs adjusted odds ratio 3.70; 95% CI, 1.58–8.67 on day 4). In contrast, CRP and abnormal WBC count did not demonstrate a consistent or temporal association with mortality.

Conclusions
Persistent fever after 72 hours is associated with increased mortality in patients with methicillin-resistant S aureus bacteremia, supporting recommendations that this should be kept as a criterion for classifying patients as either “high-risk” or “complicated.” Within this dataset, there was limited additional predictive value in WBC or CRP.
How does competition policy need to change in a world of artificial intelligence?
Authors: Tucker Catherine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates how the advent of artificial intelligence is likely to change competition policy. As economists we tend to view artificial intelligence as a technology that lowers the costs of prediction. In general, we know that lowering costs can affect market structure, though typically in the direction of facilitating competition. In general, the article argues that the traditional tools and frameworks we use in competition policy are robust to the advent of artificial intelligence as a technology that might need competition authority intervention. However, there are serious questions about how easy it will be for competition policy-makers to use their traditional tools to identify bad intent by firms in a world where business decision-making is driven by algorithm.
Implications of behavioural economics for the pro-competitive regulation of digital platforms
Authors: Fletcher Amelia , Vasas Zita 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
In recent years, the relevance of behavioural economics to competition policy has become ever more apparent, especially in digital markets. Choice architecture, which shapes how consumers make decisions online, has been at the centre of numerous recent legal cases brought under competition law, as well as the development of regulations at promoting competition in markets currently dominated by major tech platforms. This article focuses on the impact of behavioural insights for the design and implementation of one such regulation, the EU’s Digital Markets Act (DMA). It underscores the relevance of choice architecture to several DMA provisions and emphasizes the necessity of testing different designs—through online experiments, field trials, and surveys—to ensure compliance. Despite their seemingly minor effects today, such improvements to choice architecture could prove pivotal in fostering competitive markets.
Competition policy for conglomerates, platforms, and eco-systems
Authors: Régibeau Pierre , Rockett Katharine E 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We discuss the economics of eco-systems, distinct from other industrial structures but currently without an agreed definition. Our aim is to clarify the discussion around eco-systems by organizing the issues and pointing out where an eco-system approach could be useful. We begin by drawing a distinction between eco-systems and other structures that share some of their features, such as platforms and conglomerates concentrating on the level of control, the importance of externalities, the importance of access fees or taxes, and the presence of multiple ‘entry points’. Building on this discussion, we identify theories of harm that are likely to apply to eco-systems. These include blocking entry paths and ‘defensive foreclosure’. We then exposit the eco-system dimensions in a series of recent cases around Microsoft, Google-Alphabet, Facebook-Meta, Amazon, and Apple. We see that defensive foreclosure has been a common denominator in eco-system theories of harm and that an eco-system approach can be fruitful to understand the harms—and benefits—in such cases.
Corrigendum to: Melting of Peridotites through to Granites: a Simple Thermodynamic Model in the System KNCFMASHTOCr, and, a Thermodynamic Model for the Subsolidus Evolution and Melting of Peridotite.
Authors: Green Eleanor C R , Holland Tim J B , Powell Roger , Weller Owen M , Riel Nicolas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We have identified and corrected an algebraic error originally made in the formulation of the thermodynamic model for silicate melt in Holland et al. (2018), J. Petrol., 59, 881–900, article egy048. The error was propagated subsequently in Tomlinson & Holland (2021), J. Petrol., 62, 1–23, article egab012. Below we explain the algebraic correction, and describe the scale of its impact on typical calculations, which in many systems is likely to be within model uncertainty at worst, and negligible at best. We provide a correctly formulated re-calibration of the Holland et al. (2018) silicate melt model. In presenting illustrative calculations with this melt model, we take the opportunity to summarise the changes to the accompanying thermodynamic models for minerals that we have implemented over several publications since 2018.
ALE Spaces and Nodal Curves
Authors: Hitchin Nigel 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
We consider the twistor theory approach to Kronheimer's ALE metrics on the resolution of a Kleinian singularity. The circle action on the 4-manifold induces a C*-action on a compactification of the twistor space and we identify the orbit of a generic twistor line as a nodal rational curve in a particular cohomology class of a projective rational surface. Using the results of N.Honda et. al. we identify this surface with the minitwistor space for the Einstein-Weyl structure on the 3-dimensional quotient of the ALE space by the circle action.
Impact of disease manifestations on first biologic drug survival in axial spondyloarthritis: a real-life Canadian study
Authors: Hurtubise Raphaël , Rohekar Sherry , Haroon Nigil , Baskurt Zeynep , Chim Tina , Zummer Michel , Inman Robert D , Richard Nicolas ,   SpondyloArthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC), Inman Robert D , Gladman Dafna , Haroon Nigil , Chandran Vinod , Rohekar Sherry , Boyd Tristan , Rahman Proton , Richard Nicolas , Zummer Michel , Thorne Carter , Nair Bindu , Tse Shirley , Mosher Dianne , Ziouzina Olga , Tsoukas Alexander , Chan Jonathan , Rumsey Dax , Aydin Sibel , Eder Lihi , Starr Michael , Fortin Paul , Bessette Louis 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The primary objective of this study was to assess the impact of extramusculoskeletal manifestations (EMMs) and peripheral musculoskeletal features on first biologic drug survival in subjects with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). The secondary objective was to evaluate the impact of reasons for treatment discontinuation.

Methods
A total of 593 axSpA patients from the SpondyloArthritis Research Consortium of Canada initiating a first biologic drug were identified between 2003 and 2023. Drug survival was presented using Kaplan–Meier curves for each disease manifestation and compared using the logrank test. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyse independent predictors of discontinuation. The impact of reasons for treatment discontinuation was assessed using a competing risk analysis.

Results
The presence of psoriasis, nail psoriasis, dactylitis, at least one EMM or at least one peripheral musculoskeletal manifestation was associated with prolonged drug survival compared with subjects without these disease manifestations. In multivariable analysis, psoriasis [hazard ratio (HR) 0.53 (95% CI 0.33, 0.86)] and at least one peripheral musculoskeletal manifestation [HR 0.65 (95% CI 0.47, 0.92)] were independently associated with a lower risk for biologic discontinuation. The presence of psoriasis or dactylitis was associated with reduced treatment discontinuation in patients who stopped their biologic medication for ineffectiveness but not when treatment was discontinued due to adverse events.

Conclusions
This study showed that the presence of some axSpA disease manifestations were associated with prolonged biologic drug survival. Psoriasis and peripheral musculoskeletal manifestations were the most significant predictors of treatment retention. Future research will be needed to further refine treatment strategies according to specific disease manifestations.