bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Otolaryngology Applicant Perspectives on In‐person and Virtual Residency Interviews
Authors: Barrera Shelby , Agarwal Aarti , Cabrera‐Muffly Cristina , Groves Michael , Cottrill Elizabeth , Allen Avery , Koehn Heather , Megow Lindsey , Cognetti David , Stringer Scott , Kane Anne C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to understand applicant perspectives on in‐person and virtual otolaryngology residency interviews.Study DesignSurvey study.SettingOtolaryngology residency applicants who were interviewed during 2022‐2023.MethodsSurvey sent to all otolaryngology residency applicants who interviewed during the 2022‐2023 interview season.ResultsA total of 499 applicants were surveyed with 150 responses (30%). Approximately 48.3% of respondents were offered an in‐person interview with 78.9% accepting the offer. Of those who did not accept, reasons included not wanting to travel (21.1%) and time conflicts (15.5%). When comparing virtual versus in‐person interviews, those who attended virtual interviews were more likely to disagree that they connected with residents (P = .02) and that they had an improved perspective of the program (P = .002). The majority of applicants agreed that virtual interviews are more inclusive and equitable than in‐person interviews (70.4%). When asked which interview style applicants would prefer, 63.1% of applicants preferred an in‐person interview when compared to virtual with a second look option (29.5%) and virtual (7.4%). Respondents who self‐identified as being underrepresented in medicine were less likely to choose in‐person as their preferred interview format (P = .01) and were more likely to decline an in‐person interview offer due to monetary limitations (P = .04).ConclusionsApplicants indicated dissatisfaction with connecting with residents and improving their perspective of the program when in a virtual setting. Applicants felt that virtual interviews were more equitable, but that if the barriers to equity were lessened then they would prefer in‐person interviews.
Effect of Direct Alkyne Substitution on the Photophysical Properties of Two Novel Octasubstituted Zinc Phthalocyanines
Authors: Pekbelgin Karaoğlu Hande 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of two novel phthalonitrile derivatives (3–4) bearing ethynylcyclohex‐1‐ene and ethynylcyclohexane groups and two peripherally octa substituted zinc (II) phthalocyanines (5–6) were prepared. The synthesis of phthalonitrile derivatives was performed with Sonagashira coupling reaction by using palladium‐catalyzed. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by using FT‐IR, NMR, mass, and UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopy techniques. Aggregation studies of 5 and 6 were performed in various organic solvents and different concentrations in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The photophysical studies of the Pcs were performed in THF to determine the effect of the alkyne groups on the fluorescence of the Pc ring. Substances showing fluorescence properties can be used in practical applications such as to create an image in microscopy. Fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) and fluorescence lifetime (τF) of 5–6 were calculated. The fluorescence quenching studies of 5–6 were performed by adding the different concentrations of 1,4‐benzoquinone (BQ) to a constant concentration of the Pcs in THF and it was found that benzoquinone was an effective quencher. The values of the Stern‐Volmer constant (Ksv) and quenching constant (kq) of zinc phthalocyanines (5–6) were examined. All obtained results were compared with each other and with unsubstituted zinc Pc compound used as a reference.
Telehealth Usage in Otolaryngology: A Comparative Study Pre‐ and Post‐COVID‐19
Authors: Lee Max L. , Wei Eric X. , Kandathil Cherian , Most Sam P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic led to increased telehealth utilization in outpatient otolaryngology settings. While other studies on telehealth usage in otolaryngology settings have focused on demographic disparities during the pandemic, none have yet assessed how these demographic disparities have evolved from before versus after the pandemic. This study examines 4 recent consecutive years of demographic and clinical data from a large hospital system to investigate how the COVID‐19 pandemic has changed demographic patterns in telehealth utilization. We demonstrate substantial increases in the number of otolaryngology patients participating in telehealth since the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic but with no differences in patient distributions by race or ethnicity over time. We also found that telehealth patients, on average, were younger, more likely to be English‐speaking, and more likely to be female. While these disparities widened slightly after the start of the pandemic, they were also present prior to the pandemic.
Design optimization of three‐dimensional geometry of a micro horizontal axis wind turbine blade using the response surface method
Authors: Bekkai Riyadh , Laouar Roudouane , Mdouki Ramzi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study presents an aerodynamic design optimization of a micro micro‐horizontal‐axis wind turbine (HAWT). To obtain an optimal design, it is essential to understand the design parameters and select the responsible factors that affect the blade efficiency. The aim of this work is to redesign a 3D micro‐HAWT to improve aerodynamic performance, through improving the distribution of chord length and twist angle along the blade. Performance analysis and flow visualization of the initial design and the optimal design were carried out using CFD analyzer. In the blade optimization design, eight significant input parameters were selected, five to characterize the chord length distribution and three to represent the twist angle along the blade. To maximize the efficiency, design points that are created by Design of Experiment (DoE) are evaluated through (Multi‐Objective‐Genetic Algorithm) MOGA method. The results showed a reduction on the separation effect area on the optimal blade surface compared to the initial one. The use of response surface optimization (RSO), when combined with CFD simulation, has proven beneficial in selecting the optimal HAWT design. Finally, the open source software (Qblade) was used to investigate and to compare the performance of the initial and optimum design. An efficiency enhancement of approximately 3.6% is achieved at tip speed ration TSR = 3.4.
Oxygen saturation thresholds in managing sickle cell disease at US children's hospitals
Authors: Yadav Aravind , Munir Faryal , Chan Kok Hoe , Quraishi Mariam Z. , Harris Tomika S. , Brown Deborah L. , Menon Neethu , Nguyen Trinh T. , Srivaths Lakshmi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdequate oxygen saturation (SpO2) is crucial for managing sickle cell disease (SCD). Children with SCD are at increased risk for occult hypoxemia; therefore, understanding SpO2 threshold practices would help identify barriers to oxygen optimization in a population sensitive to oxyhemoglobin imbalances. We investigated SpO2 cutoff levels used in clinical algorithms for management of acute SCD events at children's hospitals across the United States, and determined their consistency with recommended national guidelines (SpO2 > 95%).MethodsClinical pathways and algorithms used for the management of vaso‐occlusive crisis (VOC) and acute chest syndrome (ACS) in SCD were obtained and reviewed from large children's hospitals in the United States.ResultsResponses were obtained from 94% (140/149) of eligible children's hospitals. Of these, 63 (45%) had available clinical algorithms to manage VOC and ACS. SpO2 cutoff was provided in 71.4% (45/63) of clinical algorithms. Substantial variation in SpO2 cutoff levels was noted, ranging from ≥90% to more than 95%. Only seven hospitals (5% of total hospitals and 15.6% of hospitals with clinical algorithms available) specified oxygen cutoffs that were consistent with national guidelines. Hospitals geographically located in the South (46.8%; n = 29/62) and Midwest (54.8%; n = 17/31) were more likely to have VOC and ACS clinical algorithms, compared to the Northeast (26.5%; n = 9/34) and West (36.4%; n = 8/22).ConclusionThere is inconsistency in the use of clinical algorithms and oxygen thresholds for VOC and ACS across US children's hospitals. Children with SCD could be at risk for insufficient oxygen therapy during adverse acute events.
Study on the quality evaluation of the leaves of Croton tiglium from different regions based on quality markers
Authors: Zheng Xiaoxiao , Li Li , Liu Zhaohui , Zou Huan , Zhou Xiaojiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMethodologyThe chemical constituents of LCT were identified and quantified using high‐performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector. A characteristic fingerprint was then established and combined with multivariate statistical analysis of 16 common peaks and eight diterpenoids to identify the quality markers.IntroductionThe leaves of Croton tiglium (LCT) have long been used in folk and ethnic medicine in China. Owing to the various regions, the chemical composition and content of LCT may differ, and hence, the quality of medicinal materials may be different. However, quality standards have not yet been established, although some studies have been conducted on their composition.ObjectivesTo quantitatively compare the chemical constituents of LCT from different areas and establish a quality evaluation of LCT based on quality markers.ResultsEight quality markers selected based on 16 common peaks and three quality markers selected based on eight diterpenoids can distinguish LCT from three regions. The diterpenoids, including 12‐O‐acetylphorbol‐13‐(2‐methylbutyrate) (3), 12‐O‐tiglyl‐4‐deoxy‐4α‐phorbol‐13‐acetate (6), and 12‐O‐(2‐methyl)butyrylphorbol‐13‐tiglate (8), can be used as potential quality markers for the quality evaluation of LCT.ConclusionDiterpenoids are highly efficient markers for quality evaluation. This study provides robust identification data and lays the foundation for formulating quality standards for LCT.
Validation of low‐pass genome sequencing for prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Mighton Chloe , Noor Abdul , Watkins Nicholas , Di Gioacchino Vanessa , Lerner‐Ellis Jordan , Wong Andrew , Mukharryamova Elvira , Anggala Nina , Chitayat David , Greenfeld Elena 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveChromosomal microarray (CMA), while considered the gold standard for detecting copy number variants (CNVs) in prenatal diagnostics, has its limitations, including the necessity to replace aging microarray equipment, low throughput, a static design, and an inefficient multi‐day workflow. This study evaluates the feasibility of low‐pass genome sequencing (LP‐GS) as a potential replacement for CMA in prenatal diagnostics.MethodsWe comprehensively compared LP‐GS at 10x and 5x average depths with CMA in a prenatal laboratory. We examined parameters, including concordance, sensitivity, specificity, workflow efficiency, and cost‐effectiveness.ResultsWe found a high degree of agreement between LP‐GS and CMA for detecting CNVs and absence of heterozygosity. Furthermore, compared to CMA, LP‐GS increased workflow efficiency and proved to be cost‐neutral at 10x and cost‐effective at 5x.ConclusionOur study suggests that LP‐GS is a promising alternative to CMA in prenatal diagnostics, offering advantages, including a more efficient workflow and scalability for larger testing volumes. Importantly, for clinical laboratories that have adopted next‐generation sequencing in a separate capacity, LP‐GS facilitates a unified NGS‐centric approach, enabling workflow consolidation. By offering a single, streamlined platform for detecting a broad range of genetic variants, LP‐GS may represent a critical step toward enhancing the diagnostic capabilities of prenatal laboratories.
A precise method for the spectral adjustment of LED and multi‐light source solar simulators
Authors: Chojniak David , Schachtner Michael , Reichmuth S. Kasimir , Bett Alexander J. , Rauer Michael , Hohl‐Ebinger Jochen , Schmid Alexandra , Siefer Gerald , Glunz Stefan W. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSolar simulators based on light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) usually consist of many spectrally different LEDs, which in sum produce a sun‐like spectrum. On the one hand, this results in the advantage of a high spectral tunability of these systems and on the other hand, however, also in the challenge of a high number of parameters which have to be set for the adjustment of a suitable simulator spectrum. Multijunction solar cells consisting of series‐connected subcells are very sensitive to spectral irradiance conditions, which are affecting the current and the fill factor of the device. A precise adjustment of the simulator spectrum based on the spectral responsivity of the subcells is therefore essential for accurate multijunction measurements. Therefore, the number of spectrally different light sources used should be at least as high as the number of subcells in the device under test. However, for the measurement of multijunction devices, the much higher number of spectrally different light sources in common LED solar simulators results in a plethora of different simulator spectra, potentially suitable for the measurement. Furthermore, the nonlinear intensity characteristics of the utilized LEDs as well as the distance‐dependent illumination uniformity of such solar simulators add complexity when aiming for a precise spectral adjustment. To tackle these challenges, a new spectral adjustment procedure which is based on a least square's solution algorithm and the definition of appropriate boundary conditions for the calculation of suitable simulator settings is introduced in this publication. Focusing on measurements carried out under constant illumination makes the presented method especially applicable for perovskite‐on‐silicon multijunction devices. Therefore, an adapted method for the determination of the solar simulator's spectral properties, considering thermal influences which are particularly relevant when carrying out continuous illumination measurements, is introduced in this work. The presented method is verified applying it on a Wavelabs SINUS 220 LED solar simulator by performing a measurement comparison on a multijunction solar cell with Fraunhofer ISE CalLab's well‐established multilight source solar simulator.
Core‐curriculum in psycho‐oncology: Towards the certification of the psycho‐oncologist profession
Authors: Grassi Luigi , Watson Maggie ,   IPOS Federation of Psycho‐Oncology Societies'
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundIssues relating to certification of the Psycho‐oncology profession require clarification in order to provide high quality comprehensive psychosocial care within oncology. We conducted a survey identifying existing training, professional registration requirements and accreditation programs, at national levels, for the specialty of psycho‐oncology as well as the mandatory presence of this specialist in cancer teams.MethodsThis survey was conducted within the International Psycho‐Oncology Society Federation of psycho‐oncology societies and included representatives of each national federated society and some countries not belonging to the Federation. Survey questions were emailed requesting specific details, from the registered contact person, for each country, about psycho‐oncology training, professional registration and accreditation.ResultsOf 43 countries contacted (34 Federated and 9 non‐federated members), 39 replied and answered the questionnaire (90, 7%). Disparities were reported between countries, with details indicating differences from having no national program, to quite detailed and legally accredited requirements. The majority of countries had no formally recognized profession of “Psycho‐oncologist,” while some countries reported that it is mandatory (or recommended to have) a specialist in psycho‐oncology in cancer centers and, thus, that an accredited, nationally recognized and certified training in this specialty exists.ConclusionsThe study underlines the need to create a curriculum for the specialty (certification and accreditation) for the profession of psycho‐oncology. Given the lack of internationally recognized core standards, ideas and proposals for minimum standards of good care and the training required to deliver this, are explored to clarify who may use the designation “Clinical Psycho‐oncologist.”
Genetics of canopy architecture dynamics in photoperiod‐sensitive and photoperiod‐insensitive sorghum
Authors: Panelo Juan S. , Bao Yin , Tang Lie , Schnable Patrick S. , Salas‐Fernandez Maria G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCanopy architecture traits are associated with productivity in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and they are commonly measured at the time of flowering or harvest. Little is known about the dynamics of canopy architecture traits through the growing season. Utilizing the ground‐based high‐throughput phenotyping system Phenobot 1.0, we collected stereo images of a photoperiod‐sensitive and a photoperiod‐insensitive population over time to generate three‐dimensional (3D) representations of the canopy. Four descriptors were automatically extracted from the 3D point clouds: plot‐based plant height (PBPH), plot‐based plant width (PBPW), plant surface area (PSA), and convex hull volume (CHV). Additionally, genotypic growth rates were estimated for each canopy descriptor. Genome‐wide association analysis was performed on individual timepoints and the growth rates in both populations. We detected genotypic variation for each of the four canopy descriptors and their growth rates and discovered novel genomic regions associated with growth rates on chromosomes 1 (PBPH, CHV), 3 (PBPH), 4 (PBPH, PBPW), 5 (PBPH), 8 (PSA), and 9 (PBPW). These results provide new knowledge about the genetic control of canopy architecture, highlighting genomic regions that can be targeted in plant breeding programs.
Self‐Purification Affecting the Optical Performance of Mn‐Doped Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Sun Zhiguo , Wu Ye , Chen Hongliang , Wu Xiaoyun , Zhou Yanmei , Han Shigang , Luo Yan , Zeng Haibo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractComponent doping is the fundamental topic for modulating the properties of semiconductor materials. The introduction of doping ions into lead halide perovskites (LHPs) can not only maintain the excellent photoelectric properties but also enhance the stability of LHPs in open air and thermal environments. However, due to the “self‐purification” effect in crystallography, there is an inherent trend to pop doping ions out of LHPs lattice. In this work, it is confirmed that in Mn2+ doped LHPs nanocrystals (NCs) the discharge of Mn2+ will be accelerated at higher temperatures. It is also proved that even at room temperature, the dopants in LHPs NCs will also actively “migrate”, resulting in declined optical performance. Therefore, for cation alloying/doping LHPs NCs, the migration of doping ions in the material should be considered in addition to the intrinsic halide migration characteristics. This work will provide a benign reference for application of doped LHPs NCs.
How audits fail according to accident investigations: A counterfactual logic analysis
Authors: Hutchinson Ben , Dekker Sidney , Rae Andrew 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite the reliance on safety auditing within organizations, comparatively limited research has studied the performance of safety auditing. When an investigation laments the “lack of audit quality” following an accident, what is meant by this statement? What contrasts a “good quality” audit from a “poor quality” audit? This study examined counterfactual logics (statements about alternative realities that did not occur but “could have” according to investigators) within 44 major accident reports to assess how audits are supposed to function and how they fall short of the ideal model. The content analysis yielded nine counterfactual auditing failures grouped into four categories. Contrary to the “ideal” model, audits (a) failed to facilitate an accurate understanding of threats by misinterpreting their saliency, (b) failed to facilitate timely action against threats by inadequately addressing the deterioration of known issues, (c) failed to facilitate effective management of issues, leading to confusion around the purpose and scope of audits, and d) failed to facilitate sufficient focus on threats by lacking focus on critical hazards and focusing on paperwork over operational issues or “failing silently” by missing threats while simultaneously praising performance. Practitioners should critically evaluate audits against these criteria and ensure audits effectively identify early warning signs.
The harms of inequity are rarely overestimated: Comment on Marks and O'Connell (2021)
Authors: Debouwere Stijn 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMarks and O'Connell's (Review of Education, 2021, e3293) claim that an even‐handed review of the literature shows that social and economic background does not matter to educational outcomes in advanced economies, relies on questionable scholarship and statistical errors. Much of the evidence against the relevance of social and economic background relies on research that estimates gain scores, where the effects of student background on educational outcomes are much smaller because they are residual effects. They also claim that parental education and occupation are poor measures of student background but do not recognise that this leads to attenuated effects and thus argues against their thesis. Finally, there is a lack of serious engagement with the literature: cherry‐picked numbers, summaries of studies that are at odds with the conclusions of the original authors and even two cases where thought experiments are presented as empirical evidence. Research into inequity does at times lack rigour in measurement and analysis, and not accounting for heritable abilities can confound and exaggerate the association between student background or school composition and educational outcomes, but simple calculations suggest that the resulting bias is offset by attenuation due to measurement error.Context and implicationsRationale for this studyThis comment was written to address shortcomings in a 2021 review article, ‘Inadequacies in the SES–Achievement model: Evidence from PISA and other studies’, by Gary Marks and Michael O'Connell.Why the new findings matterBecause review articles are an essential building block for the growth of a science, it is important that they are an even‐handed evaluation of the available evidence and do not rationalise or misinterpret the primary research they claim to summarise, a bar that the original review did not meet. When readers are aware of areas in which the original review fell short, they can form a more nuanced opinion of the merits and shortcomings of current research that incorporates a measure of social and economic background.Implications for researchers and policy makersThis comment explains ways in which the estimated effect of noisy measures of socioeconomic status may be disattenuated, usually leading to bigger estimates with less bias. It explains in what situations researchers should be careful of the opposite inflationary effect of genetic confounding but also explain that for many kinds of research it is unlikely to matter. Policy makers should know that the effects of social and economic background are hard to quantify and interpret, but that existing research into inequity and disadvantage is not generally misleading or flawed beyond repair, as Marks and O'Connell would have it, and instead feel confident that such measures will continue to be useful in setting educational policy.