bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2,4‐Dinitroimidazole: Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Use in Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐6‐nitroimidazo[2,1b]oxazole Analogues with Antimycobacterial Activity.
Authors: Bhaumik Kankan , Akamanchi K. G. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fluorinated Heterocyclic Compounds — The First Example of an Irreversible Ring‐Degenerate Rearrangement on Five‐Membered Heterocycles by Attack of an External Bidentate Nucleophile.
Authors: Buscemi Silvestre , Pace Andrea , Pibiri Ivana , Vivona Nicolo , Lanza Camilla Zaira , Spinelli Domenico 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Azomethylene Derivatives of 4‐Chloro‐5H‐1,2,3‐dithiazole.
Authors: Yarovenko Vladimir N. , Es'kov Andrey A. , Zatonsky George V. , Zavarzin Igor V. , Krayushkin Mikhail M. , Averkiev Boris B. , Antipin Mikhail Yu. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Novel Mesoionic [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridin‐4‐ium‐2‐thiolates with Antibacterial Activity.
Authors: Basyouni Wahid M. , El‐Bayouki Khairy A. M. , Hosni Hanaa M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of 4‐Halophenylphthalazinium Ylides to Activated Alkenes and Alkynes.
Authors: Caprosu Maria C. , Zbancioc Gheorghita N. , Moldoveanu Costel C. , Mangalagiu Ionel I. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Metallo‐Aldehyde Enolates via Enal Hydrogenation: Catalytic Cross Aldolization with Glyoxal Partners as Applied to the Synthesis of 3,5‐Disubstituted Pyridazines.
Authors: Marriner Gwendolyn A. , Garner Susan A. , Jang Hye‐Young , Krische Michael J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Quinoxaline Chemistry. Part 17. Methyl [4‐(Substituted‐2‐quinoxalinyloxy)phenyl]acetates and Ethyl N‐{[4‐(Substituted‐2‐quinoxalinyloxy)phenyl]acetyl}glutamates Analogues of Methotrexate: Synthesis and Evaluation of in vitro Anticancer Activity.
Authors: Piras Sandra , Loriga Mario , Paglietti Giuseppe 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Studies into the Synthesis of Azolopyrrolidinobenzodiazepinones and Related Compounds. Oxidative Cyclizations, Oxidative Fragmentations and Oxidative Rearrangements in the Reactions of Azolylmethyl‐N‐phenyl‐lactams and Related Compounds with Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate.
Authors: Bertha Ferenc , Giang Le Thanh , Fetter Jozsef , Kajtar‐Peredy Maria , Lempert Karoly , Nagy Ildiko , Czira Gabor 
Published: June 2004

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Reaction of Acetic Acid 2‐Selenoxo‐2H‐pyridin‐1‐yl Esters with Benzynes: A Convenient Route to Benzo[b]seleno[2,3‐b]pyridines.
Authors: Rao U. Narasimha , Sathunuru Ramadas , Maguire John A. , Biehl Ed 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Alkylation of Pyrrolidine‐2,5‐dione with 2‐(3,4‐Dihydro‐1‐naphthalenyl)ethyl‐4‐methylphenylsulfonates: A New and General Approach to 13‐Aza‐8,9‐dehydro‐3‐desoxy‐18‐norestrone Analogues.
Authors: Ramana M. M. V. , Parihar J. A. , Jaiswar M. M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lasianthionosides A—C, Megastigmane Glucosides from Leaves of Lasianthus fordii
Authors: Takeda Yoshio , Shimizu Hideko , Masuda Toshiya , Hirata Eiji , Shinzato Takakazu , Bando Masahiko , Otsuka Hideaki 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Glycosylthiomethyl Chloride: A New Species for S‐Neoglycoconjugate Synthesis. Synthesis of 1‐N‐Glycosylthiomethyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles.
Authors: Zhu Xiangming , Schmidt Richard R. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of the New Mannosidase Inhibitors, Diversity‐Oriented 5‐Substituted Swainsonine Analogues, via Stereoselective Mannich Reaction.
Authors: Fujita Tomoya , Nagasawa Hideko , Uto Yoshihiro , Hashimoto Toshihiro , Asakawa Yoshinori , Hori Hitoshi 
Published: June 2004

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Ascosonchine, the Enol Tautomer of 4‐Pyridylpyruvic Acid with Herbicidal Activity Produced by Ascochyta sonchi
Authors: Evidente Antonio , Andolfi Anna , Abouzeid Mohamed A. , Vurro Maurizio , Zonno Maria Chiara , Motta Andrea 
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis of Enantiopure β‐Azidoalcohols from Their Ketoazides by Reduction with NaBH4 in the Presence of Alumina and in situ Lipase Resolution.
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Shaik Ahmad Ali , Sandbhor Mahendra , Malik M. Shaheer 
Published: June 2004

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Reaction of Polyfluoro‐3‐chloro(bromo)‐1‐butenes with Sodium Hypohalites and Properties of Epoxides Derived Therefrom.
Authors: Zapevalov A. Ya. , Filyakova T. I. , Kodess M. I. , Saloutin V. I. 
Published: June 2004

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A Novel Multicomponent Reaction Involving Isocyanide, Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD), and Electrophilic Styrenes: Facile Synthesis of Highly Substituted Cyclopentadienes.
Authors: Nair Vijay , Menon Rajeev S. , Beneesh P. B. , Sreekumar V. , Bindu S. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chiral exo‐Alkylidenecyclopentanes from (1S,4R)‐7,7‐Dimethyl‐1‐vinylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan‐2‐one.
Authors: Vostrikov N. S. , Abutkov A. V. , Vasikov V. Z. , Miftakhov M. S. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient Approach for Aromatic Epoxidation Using Hydrogen Peroxide and Mn(III) Porphyrins.
Authors: Rebelo Susana L. H. , Simoes Mario M. Q. , Neves M. Graca P. M. S. , Silva Artur M. S. , Cavaleiro Jose A. S. 
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Electrical Properties of Anion Radical Salts of Novel Electron Acceptors, 2,6‐Dicyanomethylene‐4‐oxo‐2,6‐dihydrocyclopentadithiophene (CPDT‐TCNQ) and Its Diselenophene Analogue (CPDS‐TCNQ), Having Three Electron‐Withdrawing Groups.
Authors: Tarutani Shinji , Takahashi Kazuko 
Published: June 2004

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DNA Binding Ligands Targeting Drug‐Resistant Gram‐Positive Bacteria. Part 2. C‐Terminal Benzimidazoles and Derivatives
Authors: Buerli Roland W. , Jones Peter , McMinn Dustin , Le Quan , Duan Jian‐Xin , Kaizerman Jacob A. , Difuntorum Stacey , Moser Heinz E. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enecarbamates as Selective Substrates in Oxidations: Chiral‐Auxiliary‐Controlled Mode Selectivity and Diastereoselectivity in the [2 + 2] Cycloaddition and Ene Reaction of Singlet Oxygen and in the Epoxidation by DMD and mCPBA.
Authors: Adam Waldemar , Bosio Sara G. , Turro Nicholas J. , Wolff Barbara T. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Bioactivity of Isoxazolylthiazoles, Isoxazolylthiazolylchromen‐2‐ones, Isoxazolylthiazinanes and Isoxazolylthiazolidinones.
Authors: Rajanarendar E. , Karunakar D. , Srinivas M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Liposome/Water Lipophilicity: Methods, Information Content, and Pharmaceutical Applications
Authors: Plemper van Balen Georgette , Martinet Catherine a Marca , Caron Giulia , Bouchard Geraldine , Reist Marianne , Carrupt Pierre‐Alain , Fruttero Roberta , Gasco Alberto , Testa Bernard 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Inhibitors arrest myofibrillogenesis in skeletal muscle cells at early stages of assembly
Authors: Golson Maria L. , Sanger Jean M. , Sanger Joseph W. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA three‐step model for myofibrillogenesis has been proposed for the formation of myofibrils [Rhee et al., 1994: Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 28:1–24; Sanger et al., 2002: Adv. Exp. Med. 481:89–105]: premyofibril to nascent myofibril to mature myofibril. We have found two chemically related inhibitors that will arrest development at both the first and second step. Cultured quail embryonic skeletal myoblasts were treated with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) or 2‐aminoethyl‐methanesulfonate (MTSEA+). When the myoblasts fused in the presence of either of these compounds, myosheets rather than myotubes formed. Treated cells were fixed and immunostained against multiple proteins commonly found in muscle cells. Protein expression and localization throughout the myosheet were similar to that of developing myotube tips. Cells treated with high concentrations of EMS (10 mM) stained for non‐muscle myosin II, sarcomeric alpha‐actinin, and tropomyosin. No zeugmatin (Z‐band region of titin) or muscle myosin II antibody staining was detected in fibers in this treatment group. These fibers are comparable to premyofibrils in control myotubes. At lower concentrations of EMS (7.5 to 5 mM), fibers that formed stained for muscle myosin II and titin as well as for non‐muscle myosin IIB, sarcomeric alpha‐actinin, and tropomyosin. Muscle myosin II was in an unbanded pattern. These fibers are comparable to nascent myofibrils observed during normal myofibrillogenesis. Similar effects to those obtained by treating cells with EMS were obtained when we treated cultured cells with MTSEA+ (5 mM) and stained them with sarcomeric alpha‐actinin. MTSEA+ is chemically related to EMS, and is a well‐known inhibitor of ryanodine receptors in skeletal muscle cells. Some abnormalities such as nemaline‐like rods and other protein aggregates also appear within the myosheet during EMS and MTSEA+ treatment. Removal of these two inhibitors of myofibrillogenesis allows the premyofibrils and nascent myofibrils to form mature myofibrils. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 59:1–16, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lobular neoplasia on core‐needle biopsy—Clinical significance
Authors: Arpino Grazia , Allred D. Craig , Mohsin Syed Khalid , Weiss Heidi L. , Conrow David , Elledge Richard M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDApproximately 25% of all cases of atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) diagnosed on core biopsy of the breast are associated with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive malignancy at the same site. As a result, surgical excision has become the standard of care for patients with ADH. In contrast, because data on the relation between breast malignancy and lobular neoplasia (LN) detected on core biopsy are limited, clinical management of patients with LN remains controversial. The goal of the current study was to determine the incidence of breast carcinoma at sites of core biopsy exhibiting LN compared with sites of core biopsy exhibiting ADH.METHODSThe results of 2053 core biopsies were reviewed to identify cases of LN and cases of ADH. Follow‐up findings on excisional biopsy were categorized as malignancy (DCIS or invasive malignancy) or no malignancy and were compared between the LN group and the ADH group. Mammograms and medical records were reviewed for patients with atypical findings on core biopsy.RESULTSOne hundred six (5.2%) of 2053 biopsy samples exhibited atypia on core biopsy. Among these 106 samples, ADH was found in 49 (46%), LN was found in 45 (42%), and both ADH and LN were found in 12 (12%). Malignant disease was detected on follow‐up excisional biopsy in 22% of patients with ADH (9 of 41), 14% of patients with LN (3 of 21), and 33% of patients with both ADH and LN (4 of 12) on core biopsy. In the LN group, two cases of malignant disease were associated with lobular carcinoma in situ, and the third case was associated with atypical lobular hyperplasia. Mammographic and clinical features were unable to distinguish patients with malignant findings on excisional biopsy from patients without malignant findings.CONCLUSIONSMalignant disease was found in a substantial percentage of excisional biopsy samples (14%) following the detection of LN on core biopsy. Thus, like patients with ADH, patients with LN on core biopsy could be considered candidates for surgical excision, which would allow full assessment of breast carcinoma risk and thereby facilitate the planning of prevention strategies. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Lack of association between amplification of her‐2 and response to preoperative taxanes in patients with breast carcinoma
Authors: Gonzalez‐Angulo Ana M. , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Yamamura Yuko , Broglio Kristine R. , Pusztai Lajos , Buzdar Aman U. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Esteva Francisco J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of the current study was to determine whether her‐2 amplification was associated with a pathologic response to preoperative chemotherapy with taxanes in patients with early‐stage breast carcinoma.METHODSThe authors evaluated 71 patients treated for AJCC Stage II and III breast carcinoma with preoperative taxanes whose tissue specimens were still available. Fifty‐seven patients (80%) had received paclitaxel and 14 (20%) had received docetaxel (4 cycles of either drug). Amplification of the her‐2 gene was determined using fluorescence in situ hybridization.RESULTSThe median patient age was 49 years (range, 21–70 years). Forty‐eight patients (68%) had Stage II breast carcinoma and 23 (32%) had Stage III disease. her‐2 gene amplification was detected in 19 tumor specimens (28%). Hormone receptors (estrogen and/or progesterone) were detected in 11 her‐2–positive tumor specimens (58%) and in 31 her‐2–negative tumor specimens (85%). Eight pathologic complete responses (pCR; breast and axillary lymph nodes) occurred, 3 (16%) in patients with her‐2–positive tumor specimens and five (10%) in patients with her‐2–negative tumor specimens (P = 0.68). Twelve patients achieved pCR in the breast, 5 (26%) in patients with her‐2–positive tumors and 7 (15%) in patients with her‐2–negative tumors (P = 0.3). At a median follow‐up of 61 months, none of the patients with a pCR developed recurrent disease, regardless of their her‐2 status. The progression‐free and overall survival rates were similar in both HER‐2–positive and her‐2–negative groups (P = 0.45 and P = 0.14, respectively).CONCLUSIONSher‐2 gene amplification was not found to be predictive of a pathologic response to preoperative taxanes in patients with early‐stage breast carcinoma. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Malignancy‐related causes of death in human immunodeficiency virus–infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Bonnet Fabrice , Lewden Charlotte , May Thierry , Heripret Laurence , Jougla Eric , Bevilacqua Sibylle , Costagliola Dominique , Salmon Dominique , Chêne Geneviève , Morlat Philippe 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDBefore the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), malignancies accounted for less than 10% of all deaths among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected patients. This figure may have increased, and the observed types of malignant disease may have been modified, as a result of decreased occurrence of opportunistic infections, the chronicity of HIV infection, the possible oncogenic role of HIV itself, and the aging of the HIV‐infected population.METHODSAll French hospital wards involved in the management of HIV infection were asked to prospectively document the deaths of HIV‐infected patients in the year 2000. Underlying causes of death were defined using a standardized questionnaire.RESULTSOf a total of 964 deaths, 269 (28%) were attributable to malignancies. Acquired immunodeficiency virus (AIDS)‐related malignancies were the underlying cause of 149 deaths (15%); among these malignancies were non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 105 [11%]), noncerebral lymphoma (n = 78 [median CD4 count, 86 × 106 per liter; interquartile range [IQR], 35–231 × 106 per liter), and primary cerebral lymphoma (n = 27 [median CD4 count, 20 × 106 per liter; IQR, 4–109 × 106 per liter). Kaposi sarcoma was associated with 40 deaths (4%), and cervical carcinoma was associated with 5 (0.5%). Non‐AIDS‐related malignancies were the underlying cause of 120 deaths (13%); these non‐AIDS‐related malignancies included 103 solid tumors (50 respiratory tumors, 19 hepatocarcinomas, 9 digestive tumors, and 6 anal tumors; median CD4 count, 218 × 106 per liter; IQR, 108–380 × 106 per liter) and 17 hemopathies (12 Hodgkin lymphomas, 4 myeloid leukemias, and 1 myeloma; median CD4 count, 113 × 106 per liter; IQR, 56–286 × 106 per liter). Compared with patients who died of other causes, patients who died of solid tumors were more likely to be male, to smoke, to be older, and to have higher CD4 counts.CONCLUSIONSMalignant disease has been a major cause of death among HIV‐infected patients in industrialized nations since the introduction of HAART. Whereas lethal hemopathies and Kaposi sarcoma are associated with advanced immunosuppression, lethal solid tumors can occur in patients with controlled HIV infection. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Intensity‐modulated radiotherapy and the Internet
Authors: Schomas David A. , Milano Michael T. , Roeske John C. , Mell Loren K. , Mundt Arno J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of the current study was to evaluate the content and quality of patient‐oriented information regarding intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) on the Internet.METHODSIMRT websites were identified by reviewing the first 50 uniform resource locators on 5 search engines using the search terms IMRT and intensity modulated radiation therapy. Each site was evaluated by three observers for informational content, presentation, accuracy, and balance. A score of low, moderate, or high was assigned to each category based on a predefined scoring system. An overall score was assigned to each site, ranging from −35 to 100 points.RESULTSSeventy‐seven patient‐oriented IMRT websites were identified (45% private, 21% academic, and 18% commercial). Most sites (58%) had a low level of informational content, with information on fundamental aspects of IMRT planning (target delineation and inverse planning) appearing on < 50% of sites. The most commonly discussed tumors were genitourinary (65%) and head and neck (53%) lesions. Few sites, however, described the potential benefits of IMRT (toxicity and tumor control). Most sites (82%) used patient‐appropriate language. False and/or misleading information was seen on 42% of sites and was equally common on academic, private, and commercial sites. Balance statements were present on 24% of sites (most of which were commercial). The median overall score was 20 points (range, −25 to 70 points). The median overall scores for academic, private, commercial, and other sites were 10, 20, 25, and 20 points, respectively (P = 0.26).CONCLUSIONSIn general, the content and quality of patient‐oriented information regarding IMRT on the Internet were poor. Patients and their physicians need to be aware of these problems when selecting treatment courses. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Estrogen‐metabolizing gene polymorphisms in the assessment of breast carcinoma risk and fibroadenoma risk in Caucasian women
Authors: Hefler Lukas A. , Tempfer Clemens B. , Grimm Christoph , Lebrecht Antje , Ulbrich Eva , Heinze Georg , Leodolter Sepp , Schneeberger Christian , Mueller Manfred W. , Muendlein Axel , Koelbl Heinz 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDGenes encoding enzymes involved in estrogen metabolism are held to be candidate genes for associations with breast disease. In these candidate genes, no critical combination of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for assessing breast carcinoma risk has been reported to date.METHODSIn a large case–control study, the authors investigated 10 estrogen‐metabolizing SNPs in 396 patients with breast carcinoma, 154 patients with fibroadenoma, and 1936 healthy control patients without breast carcinoma in their personal history. The following 10 SNPs were analyzed using sequencing‐on‐chip technology via a solid‐phase polymerase chain reaction assay performed on oligonucleotide microarrays: catechol‐O‐methyltransferase Val158Met G→A, 17‐beta‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 vIV A→C, cytochrome P‐450 (CYP) family 17 A2 allele T→C, CYP1A1‐1 MspI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) T→C, CYP1A1‐2 Ile462Val A→G, CYP19‐1 Trp39Arg T→C, CYP19‐2 Arg264Cys C→T, CYP19‐3 Cys1558Thr C→T, steroid‐5‐alpha reductase type 2 Val89Leu G→C, and vitamin D receptor BsmI RFLP. A total of 21,350 genotypes were evaluated. Associations and two‐way interaction models were calculated using stepwise logistic regression.RESULTSIn a multiple model, CYP1A1‐1 (P = 0.004) and CYP1A1‐2 (P = 0.03) were found to be associated with significantly decreased and increased risks of breast carcinoma, respectively. When two‐way interactions involving investigated SNPs were ascertained, no significant interactions among polymorphisms were noted. Comparison of patients with fibroadenoma with control patients revealed significantly increased and decreased risks of fibroadenoma when the mutant alleles of CYP17 (P = 0.02) and CYP1A1‐1 (P = 0.04), respectively, were present.CONCLUSIONSThe authors obtained the first SNP data indicating that CYP17 and CYP1A1‐1 play a role in the pathogenesis of fibroadenoma. Although the authors were not able to develop interaction models involving SNPs, they did provide evidence that CYP1A1 is a low‐penetrance susceptibility gene with respect to breast carcinoma in a large series of Caucasian women. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Phase II study of high‐dose fish oil capsules for patients with cancer‐related cachexia
Authors: Burns C. Patrick , Halabi Susan , Clamon Gerald , Kaplan Ellen , Hohl Raymond J. , Atkins James N. , Schwartz Michael A. , Wagner Brett A. , Paskett Electra 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors undertook a multiinstitutional Phase II cooperative group study to examine the potential of oral fish oil fatty acid supplements administered at high doses to slow weight loss and to improve quality of life in patients with malignancy‐related cachexia.METHODSPatients with advanced malignancy and weight loss ≥ 2% of body weight in the preceding month took concentrated, high‐dose omega‐3 fatty acid capsules (7.5 g eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid for a 70 kg individual) that were supplied by the National Institutes of Health.RESULTSForty‐three patients with moderate or severe malnutrition were enrolled. The median time receiving treatment was 1.2 months. For the 36 patients who took at least 1 capsule and did not have edema, there was a weight change ranging from −6.2 kg to +3.5 kg and an overall median weight loss of 0.8 kg. Twenty‐four patients had weight stabilization (a gain of ≤ 5% or a loss of < 5%), 6 patients gained > 5% of their body weight, and 6 patients lost ≥ 5% of their body weight. There was marked variability in the tolerability of the capsules, and many patients had gastrointestinal side effects. There was a correlation between time receiving treatment and weight gain for the 22 patients who were able to tolerate the capsules for at least 1 month. Quality‐of‐life scores were superior for patients who gained weight.CONCLUSIONSA majority of patients did not gain weight, and in that sense, the results of the study were unfavorable. However, a small but definite subset of patients had weight stabilization or weight gain. This suggests that omega‐3 fatty acids have potential utility at the study doses, which were more than twice the doses used in published Phase III studies. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.