bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CERN-MEDICIS: Operational indicators to support the production of new medical radionuclides by mass-separation
Authors: Stora T , Duchemin C , Andreazza W , Aubert E , Bernerd C , Cocolios T , Deschamps M , Dorsival A , Duraffourg M , Fedosseev V , Somoza J Ferreira , Gilardoni S , Grenard J L , Heinke R , Johnson J , Koliatos A , Khan Q , Lambert L , Mamis E , Marsh B , Marzari S , Mitifiot C , Pozzi F , Prvakova S , Rinchet J Y , Rodriguez J Rodriguez , Roesler S , Rossel R , Rothe S , Vollaire J , Widorski M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
CERN-MEDICIS is an isotope mass separation facility dedicated to biomedical research located in a type A work sector, receiving on average 50% of the 1.4 GeV protons delivered by the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB). It was commissioned with Radioactive Ion Beams (RIB’s) in 2017. MEDICIS has operated for the past 5 years in batch mode, with targets irradiated in a station located at the HRS beam dump, and with external sources provided by MEDICIS cyclotrons and nuclear reactors partners, notably during the Long Shutdown (LS2). Additional features of the facility include the MELISSA laser ion source, radiochemistry on implanted radionuclides and an online gamma-ray spectroscopy implantation monitoring. In 2022, we introduced Key Performance Indicators (KPI’s) to monitor the operation of the facility for collected efficiencies, the optimisation of the radiological risks and evaluate impact of possible modifications of the station, paralleling for instance LHC’s integrated luminosity. Defined KPI’s cover aspects in the operation cycle, e.g. planning in CERN schedule, target irradiations, duration of the process, radiological risk mitigation, facility up-time, developments and maintenance. MEDICIS KPI’s can help distinguish which of the operation and infrastructure life cycle requires immediate intervention, developments or consolidation. Those are related to the irradiation stations and irradiation possibilities, the beamlines (parallel collections), target and ion sources (reliability), robot handling and infrastructure, or the separation process itself.
FELICIA - A probe to survey the RHIC magnet beampipe diameter for EIC beam screen insertion
Authors: Micolon F , Bellon J , Gallagher B , Hetzel C , Holmes D , Ptitsyn V , Tuozzolo J , Verdú-Andrés S 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) will reuse many of the existing superconducting (SC) magnets of the RHIC storage rings. To comply with the beamline vacuum requirements in more demanding operational scenarios, the beampipe of the RHIC SC magnets will be equipped with low surface impedance, low secondary electron yield (SEY) beam screens. The installation of these beam screens will be done with the SC magnets as installed today, thus making it a critical operation for a timely EIC installation. The beam screen inner dimensions must be maximized to retain enough aperture to the beam. On the other hand, keeping enough clearance between the screen and the beampipe is critical to ensure a smooth beam screen installation. A survey probe was designed and built to measure the inner diameter of several RHIC SC magnets in-situ and provide critical data for the beam screen design optimization. This paper reports on the design of the probe and the results from the survey campaign.
Respiratory protective equipment fit tests for researchers at the national synchrotron radiation research center
Authors: Wen P J , Kao S P , Lin Y C , Lin S Y , Chang M H 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Researchers at the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center should use respiratory protective equipment to prevent respiratory damage caused by gases, steam, solvents, chemicals, materials containing toxic substances, and oxygen-deficient environments. Those working with organic matter and certain chemical substances and those exposed to occupation dust should use respiratory protective gear to ensure their health. This study conducted qualitative and quantitative fit tests for various mask brands and sizes, namely 3M-9042, N95-9211, P95-8576, and 3M-6200 masks. The gear worn by all 18 participants in the qualitative fit test passed. By contrast, the gear worn by 12 of the 15 participants in the quantitative test passed; the failure of the remaining gear was due to differences in face shape. The N95-9211 mask can be used in three-piece protective gear because it exhibited a tight fit. Additionally, the 3M-6200 negative-pressure half-face mask exhibited the most satisfactory fit and can be used in protective gear.
IRIS - The Italian research infrastructure on Applied Superconductivity for Particle Accelerators and Societal Applications
Authors: Rossi L , Balconi L , Campana P , Felis S Maffezzoli , Sorti S , Statera M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Italian Minister for University and Research has recently funded a large program for an Innovative Research Infrastructure on applied Superconductivity (IRIS) in Italy. Based on the LASA laboratory in Milan, it is a partnership, in the form of a strongly coordinated work, of existing laboratories of various institutes: INFN (leader, participating with 4 labs: Frascati, Genoa, Milan, Salerno); CNR (SPIN institute in Genoa, Naples and Salerno); five Universities: Genoa, Milan, Naples, Salento and Salerno. IRIS will be an upgrade of existing infrastructures, with new state-of-the-art instruments, reinforcing the capability of Italy in the domain of superconductivity aimed to accelerators. IRIS foresees a strong coordination of the activity of the participating laboratories until 2035, at least, thus enhancing the participation of Italian laboratories to future projects requiring advanced superconducting technology, like FCC or the Muon-Collider, and also for developing societal applications of technologies, pursued for high-energy accelerators, especially for the energy domain and the medical sector. In this paper, we present the two novel demonstrators, part of the initial IRIS program: 1) a green superconducting line, 130 m long and designed for 40 kA current capability at 25 kV; 2) a 1 m long HTS dipole magnet with some characteristics similar to LHC dipoles: 10 T, 50 mm × 80 mm bore, but operating at 20 K rather than 1.9 K.
Challenging students into developing accelerator-based innovations to protect the environment
Authors: Delerue N. , Burrows P.N. , Castelle M. , Holland B. , Rinolfi L. , Métral E. , Vretenar M. , Starovoitova V. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The I.FAST CBI is an immersive challenge-based innovation program funded by the H2020 I.FAST project. The 10-day face-to-face challenge brings together students of different disciplines from all over Europe to work together on innovative projects using accelerator technology applied to environmental challenges. We report on the first edition of the I.FAST CBI, the proposed projects and feedback from the students.
Geogebra supporting materials for introductory physics university courses
Authors: Richterek L , Říha J , Hrouzková T , Pucholt Z 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this contribution, we present a set of Geogebra activities used in several introductory courses on Classical mechanics, Special relativity, Introductory course to cosmology and within the courses for non-physics majors (Physics for chemists, Physics for biologists). Examples include various oscillations, curvilinear coordinates, solutions of equations of motion, basic types of Minkowski spacetime diagrams and the effective potential for the dynamic of basic cosmological models. All the activities include basic interactivity and the possibility to play with selected parameters. They are used within the classrooms and shared with the students via links in the Moodle LMS platform together with other supporting materials.
The CMS HGCAL trigger data receiver
Authors: Shukla R. ,   the CMS collaboration
Published: January 2024

Abstract
As part of the CMS Phase-2 upgrade, a prototype receiver for the HGCAL endcap front end has been implemented using the Serenity ATCA platform. The receiver firmware was developed to test the unpacking of data from the front-end endcap trigger concentrator ASIC (ECON-T) and measure its performance and stability. The firmware was integrated with prototype DAQ firmware as well as ancillary blocks to generate a trigger using ECON-T data, process scintillator trigger and timing distribution system, to evaluate the complete HGCAL vertical slice. The data was read out using custom 10G UDP links and upgraded to CMS DTH system at 25 Gbps. The system successfully achieved prototype TPG Stage-1 and DAQ path readout using generated beam triggers and delivered ~20 TB of data containing physics events at an average trigger rate of about 100 kHz.
Design and performance of the front-end electronics of the charged particle detectors of PADME experiment
Authors: Bertelli S. , Bossi F. , Ceravolo S. , Corradi G. , Di Giulio C. , Di Meco E. , Dimitrova K. , De Sangro R. , Domenici D. , Frankenthal A. , Ferrarotto F. , Finocchiaro G. , Foggetta L.G. , Garattini M. , Georgiev G. , Gianotti P. , Ivanov S. , Ivanov Sv. , Kozhuharov V. , Leonardi E. , Long E. , Mancini M. , Oceano I. , Oliva F. , Organtini G.C. , Piperno G. , Raggi M. , Sarra I. , Simeonov R. , Spadaro T. , Spiriti E. , Tagnani D. , Taruggi C. , Vilucchi E. , Valente P. , Variola A. ,   the PADME collaboration
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The PADME experiment at LNF-INFN employs positron-on-target-annihilation
to search for new light particles. Crucial parts of the experiment are the charged
particle detectors, composed of plastic scintillator bars with light transmitted
by wavelength shifting fibers to silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). The location of
the detector — close to a turbomolecular pump, inside a vacuum tank, and exposed
to 0.5 T magnetic field — has driven the design of custom modular SiPM front-end
and power supply electronics. The design of the system and its performance, confirming
the desired sub-ns resolution on the reconstructed particle flying times, is shown
and discussed.
Biomass Waste Conversion Technologies for its Utilization and Energy Generation in India: A Perspective
Authors: Juneja Puneet 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The speedy reduction of fossil fuels and its analogous environmental issues make it necessary for attention to energy generation from alternative fuels. Biomass seems to be one of the likely sources of renewable energy and the computation of waste materials into an appropriate kind of energy, like fuel or electricity, can be completed in several multifarious feasible ways. Utilizing biomass for energy production offers several advantages, including cost-effectiveness, lower sulfur content, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to improved environmental sustainability in energy generation processes. This paper takes stock of exploring various biomass conversion technologies for its utilization that can facilitate power generation from biomass waste. It is important to note that biomass utilization extends beyond traditional combustion methods. Latest conversion technologies, including thermal, chemical, and biological processes, have proven to be efficient methods that can replace fossil fuels for producing energy from high-grade sources.
Power Optimization of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Assisted Future Wireless Communication Using Hybrid Beamforming Technique in Disaster Management
Authors: Sharma Rahul , Chopra Shakti Raj , Gupta Akhil 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Several established procedures are required to be followed when responding to disasters. Although most of them have so far been successful, they pose their own set of difficulties. The primary factor is response time, which is crucial for disaster management. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for wireless communication not only increases response time but also is energy efficient. However, UAVs have limited power capacities, which makes their use in wireless communication challenging. In wireless communication, hybrid beamforming is a technique for optimizing the battery consumption of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Massive MIMO technology facilitates hybrid beamforming by deploying antenna arrays, efficiently directing transmitted energy to intended receivers, and minimizing power waste. Beamforming relies heavily on accurate Channel State Information (CSI). Advanced channel estimation and tracking techniques optimize power allocation based on real-time channel conditions, thereby minimizing energy consumption and ensuring connection reliability. Hybrid beamforming combines the advantages of digital and analog beamforming to reduce power consumption while maintaining communication performance. This paper proposes a power optimization technique for UAV-based wireless communication using hybrid beamforming to maximize spectral efficiency and increase the battery life of UAVs.
Thermo-hydraulic Analysis of Fluid Flowing Through Circular Pipe with Wire Mesh Inserts having Varying Mesh Porosity
Authors: Shrirao Pankaj , Jagtap Hanumant , Magade Pramod , Gadhave Pitambar , Kamble Dnyaneshwar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The experimental investigation was made to analysis the rate of heat transfer of fluid flowing through a heat exchanger with varying wire-mesh porosity inserts. The Nusselt number (Nu), friction factor (f), and overall heat transfer rate (Q) were evaluated using experiments. Three different wire mesh inserts of square, hexagonal and diamond porosity were examined. The SS 316 stainless wire mesh with a porosity of 9 pores per inch (PPI) were inserted normal to the flow field with a pitch distance of 5 cm for each shape of wire mesh. The experiments were conducted on test rig with air as a working fluid for turbulent flow regime having Reynolds number ranging from 6,000 to 16,000. Experiments were performed on computerized test rig with heated air flowed in one direction through inner pipe and counter flow cold water flowing through the outer concentric pipe. The circular inner pipe of 40 cm long having 4 cm inner diameter (Di), and 3 mm thick was used for experimentation. The experimental results showed that Nusselt number (Nu) increases with decrease in friction factor (f) with increase in Reynolds number (Re). Also, it is observed that the hexagonal porosity shape of wire mesh insert provides higher material contact and gain more energy absorption from hot air resulted in improvement in heat transfer coefficient as compared to diagonal and square porosity shapes of wire mesh inserts, under similar operating conditions. The friction factor and pressure drop for square porosity shape of wire mesh insert is higher as compared to hexagonal and diagonal porosity shapes of wire mesh inserts respectively. This is due to the fact that square porosity wire mesh provides more obstruction in the flow field compared with hexagonal and diagonal porosity shapes of wire mesh inserts. The hexagonal porosity shape of wire mesh insert provides better option for heat exchange applications.
Analysis and Interpretation of Gravity data to modelling ‘PB’ Geothermal Field
Authors: Lase Fanzly Togap Zisochi , Widiatmoro Tony , Sumintadireja Prihadi , Pratama Angga Bakti 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The ‘PB’ field is located on the island of Sumatra which is related to the volcanic activity of Kaba hill which still retains residual heat from the magma. One of the geophysical methods used in this case is the gravity method where this method can be applied to determine the location of reservoirs, possible locations for reservoirs, and even to examine geological features and heat sources. In this paper, gravity data is used to interpret the structure and possibility of modelling the heat source in the ‘PB’ geothermal field. The gravity data was analyzed using integrated gradient interpretation techniques such as Horizontal Gradient (HG) and Euler Deconvolution (ED) methods. The CBA map produced shows two dominants high Bouguer anomalies underlying the ‘PB’ geothermal field associated with the presence of dacite and andesitic rocks. Analysis of fault structure based on geological data, HG and ED enhancement data on gravity anomalies was used as a reference for the initial model of subsurface conditions in the inversion model. The 2-D modelling results reflected high-density rocks associated with active ‘PB’ mountain volcanism. The conclusion obtained from the analysis and interpretation of the ‘PB’ geothermal system is that this area still has active volcanism, which is a heat source, with the presence of diatreme found through 2D gravity inversion modeling. The conceptual model results obtained by combining the integration of each reference and existing research show that the upflow zone is at the top of Kaba Hill and the outflow zone is at Babakan Bogor hot spring and Suban hot spring. Thus, these results can provide comprehensive information in analyzing and interpreting as well as the use of enhancement data gravity HG, ED and 2D slice inversion in the description of structures and modelling in the Geothermal ‘PB’ field.
Radiochromic film dosimetry in radiotherapy: a survey of current practice in the United Kingdom
Authors: Palmer Antony L , Nash David 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To establish the variation in film dosimetry usage in radiotherapy centres across the United Kingdom. To identify consensus and highlight areas of potential improvement to enhance radiotherapy dosimetry verification with film.

Methods
A survey questionnaire was designed by members of the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine Interdepartmental Dosimetry Audit Group via Microsoft Forms and distributed to all Heads of Radiotherapy Physics in the United Kingdom. The survey was open from June 19, 2023, to July 31, 2023.

Results
Forty responses were received from the 62 radiotherapy centres in the United Kingdom, of which 58% were currently using film dosimetry and a further 7 were keen to commence use. Many reported film use had decreased in recent years but was still valuable particularly for commissioning and implementing new techniques. The variation and consensus of methods for film dosimetry calibration, measurement, and application was established. A review of barriers to implementation and methods to reduce uncertainty were included in the assessment.

Conclusions
A comprehensive assessment of film dosimetry usage in radiotherapy in the United Kingdom has been collated, which demonstrates a wide variation in methods, across typical clinical users, but maintains film as a valuable dosimetry option.

Advances in knowledge
This research provides a snapshot of current film dosimetry use across the United Kingdom. It examines the variation and consensus of practice to which individual users can compare their systems, and identifies opportunities to improvement in the accuracy of film dosimetry.
Small molecule activation based on novel heavier group 13/15 interelement compounds, λ3,λ3-phosphanylalumanes
Authors: Yanagisawa Tatsuya , Mizuhata Yoshiyuki , Tokitoh Norihiro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
As a new entry of heteroatom–heteroatom bond species, λ3,λ3-phosphanylalumanes, having unperturbed P–Al single-bond species, are expected to show high reactivity due to the separation of Lewis acid/base moieties, which can be extended to develop novel small molecule activation reactions using single-bond and saturated compounds. We have designed novel λ3,λ3-phosphanylalumanes, which have all-carbon protecting groups on the λ3-P and λ3-Al moieties, respectively. This account highlights the synthesis and availability of phosphanylalumane derivatives. We demonstrate the addition reactions of phosphanylalumanes toward alkynes to give unique unsaturated C2-vicinal P/Al-based frustrated Lewis pairs and the resulting alkyne-adducts are found to undergo transformation into unique ring compounds. Furthermore, reversible addition reactions of a λ3,λ3-phosphanylalumane toward alkenes will also be described together with the results obtained with other small molecules.
Utility of cortical tissue analysis in normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Greenberg Ana B W , Mekbib Kedous Y , Mehta Neel H , Kiziltug Emre , Duy Phan Q , Smith Hannah R , Junkkari Antti , Leinonen Ville , Hyman Bradley T , Chan Diane , Curry Jr William T , Arnold Steven E , Barker II Frederick G , Frosch Matthew P , Kahle Kristopher T 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Clinical improvement following neurosurgical cerebrospinal fluid shunting for presumed idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus is variable. Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients may have undetected Alzheimer’s disease-related cortical pathology that confounds diagnosis and clinical outcomes. In this study, we sought to determine the utility of cortical tissue immuno-analysis in predicting shunting outcomes in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients. We performed a pooled analysis using a systematic review as well as analysis of a new, original patient cohort. Of the 2707 screened studies, 3 studies with a total of 229 idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients were selected for inclusion in this meta-analysis alongside our original cohort. Pooled statistics of shunting outcomes for the 229 idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients and our new cohort of 36 idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients revealed that patients with Aβ + pathology were significantly more likely to exhibit shunt nonresponsiveness than patients with negative pathology. Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients with Alzheimer’s disease -related cortical pathology may be at a higher risk of treatment facing unfavorable outcomes following cerebrospinal fluid shunting. Thus, cortical tissue analysis from living patients may be a useful diagnostic and prognostic adjunct for patients with presumed idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and potentially other neurodegenerative conditions affecting the cerebral cortex.
Corruption and Firm Growth: Evidence from around the World
Authors: Fisman Raymond , Guriev Sergei , Ioramashvili Carolin , Plekhanov Alexander 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We empirically investigate the relationship between corruption and growth using a firm-level dataset that is unique in scale, covering almost 88,000 firms across 141 economies in 2006–20, with wide-ranging corruption experiences. The scale and detail of our data allow us to explore the corruption-growth relationship at a very local level, within industries in a relatively narrow geography. We report three empirical regularities. First, firms that make zero informal payments tend to grow slower than bribers. Second, this result is driven by non-bribers in high-corruption countries. Third, among bribers, growth is decreasing in the amount of informal payments—in both high- and low-corruption countries. We suggest that this set of results may be reconciled with a simple model in which endogenously determined higher bribe rates lead to lower growth, while non-bribers are often excluded entirely from growth opportunities in high-corruption settings.