bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Inflasi Dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan Di Kota Palembang
Authors: Wandira Novera , Panorama Maya 
Published: January 2024

In ieconomic itheory, ieconomic igrowth ihas ian iinfluence ion ipoverty ilevels, ibut ithe iresults iof ithe ianalysis iof ithis istudy iindicate ithat ieconomic igrowth ihas ino ieffect ion ipoverty ilevels ibased ion i2016-2020 iresearch idata iobtained ifrom ithe iRoadmap ifor istrengthening ithe iPalembang iCity iRegional iInnovation iSystem iin i2018-2023. iThis istudy iaims ito idetermine iand ianalyze ithe ieffect iof iinflation iand ieconomic igrowth ion ipoverty ilevels iin iIndonesia. iThe iresearch imethod iused iis idescriptive iquantitative iusing isecondary idata iand ithe idata ianalysis imethod iis ilinear iregression ianalysis, icorrelation ianalysis, idetermination ianalysis, iand ihypothesis itesting. iThe iresult iof ithe iresearch ishows ithat iinflation ihas ian ieffect ion ithe ilevel iof ipoverty ibecause ithe ivalue iof itcount i> ittable i, ibut ieconomic igrowth idoes inot ihave ia isignificant ieffect ion ithe ilevel iof ipoverty ibecause ithe ivalue iof itcount i< ittable i. iSimultaneously, iInflation iand iEconomic iGrowth ihave ia isignificant ieffect ion ithe iPoverty iLevel, iwhich iis iindicated iby ithe ivalue iof iFcount i> iFtable.
Arbitrator’s Authority to Decide Ex Aequo et Bono: A Juridical Review
Authors: Hadylaya Michael Herdi 
Published: January 2024

Arbitration is a dynamic practice. One of the issues to consider is the implementation of <em>ex aequo et bono </em>by arbitrators, which many parties see as requiring prior approval from the parties so that arbitrators can make decisions based on <em>ex aequo et bono</em>. This study concludes that the arbitrator's authority to decide <em>ex aequo et bono </em>is not derived from the parties' agreement but rather from the arbitrator's inherent authority. First, because this principle is consistent with the spirit of arbitration, the Arbitrator has the authority to decide <em>ex aequo et bono</em>. Second, Law Number 48 Year 2009 concerning Judicial Authority imposes an obligation to investigate, adhere to, and comprehend legal values and the sense of justice in society. Third, no provision in Law Number 30 Year 1999 concerning Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution requires the parties to agree in advance on the grant of <em>ex aequo et bono</em>.
Postępowania karne przed wyższymi sądami krajowymi (Oberlandesgericht) w III Rzeszy
Authors: Stankowski Witold 
Published: January 2024

This article presents the issue of criminal proceedings before the Highers Regionals Courts of the Third Reich. The institution had its own tradition, as it had already existed prior to Hitler’s rise to power. By virtue of its powers and its territorial scope — the territory of the federal state, during the war the occupied district (Reichsgau) or the province (Provinz) — it was within the range of influence of National Socialist ideology and the totalitarian state. In the initial years of the Third Reich, and especially during the Second World War, the legal system was in constant flux. The author begins with an analysis of case law in which Poles were charged and convicted by the Higher National Court in the given district or province under occupation. Judgments against representatives of other nationalities were also analyzed on a comparative basis. The accusations, trial and sentences submitted by the prosecutor’s office are an obvious example of the lawlessness in the legal system of the Third Reich.
The timespan of the article is 1933–1945, with special emphasis on the period of the Second World War. In the years leading to the war and during its course, the activities and functioning of the prosecutor’s office and the courts were carried out in accordance with the interests of the Third Reich. The rule of law was effectively abolished at that time. The article is based primarily on materials found in Polish and German archives. Case law of the People’s Tribunal was also put under scrutiny. The surviving file material on the activities of the higher national courts is not complete. The establishment of the People’s Tribunal was an illegal act, carried out in violation of the provisions of the Basic Law, the Constitution then in force. Similarly, the Third Reich subordinated to itself the judiciary, the highest national courts, whose decisions concerning crimes against the state system and its security are proof of an intent to violate the law. Trial proceedings, judgments of the higher national courts against Poles or people of other nationalities accused of crimes that endangered the security of the state, such as high treason or treason against their country, were unlawful. The lack of available trial files on the activities of the higher national courts makes it impossible to make a quantitative assessment or approximate the phenomenon of politically motivated trials. Alongside the institutional reconstruction of the judiciary in the Third Reich, changes were made to the Criminal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure. Under the guise of protecting the state, the national community, the law became repressive and finally sanctioned lawlessness.
Sektor prywatny w państwie totalitarnym — funkcjonowanie rzemiosła w Polsce w latach 1945–1956
Authors: Struś Mirosław , Konopska-Struś Emilia 
Published: January 2024

After 1945, Poland found itself in the Soviet sphere of influence, which resulted in the implementation of a totalitarian state system. This process had certain economic ramifications. Among them was a gradual shift from a capitalist system to a command and distribution economy. This process was closely linked to the nationalization of private enterprise. However, private property was not completely eliminated. Despite the fact that it was subject to restrictions, it perservered. One of the areas in which its functioning was possible was craft. The article aims to address the reasons for which the private sector was not entirely liquidated, even though its presence went against the socialist principles and core values of the state. How did it manage to survive and function in the conditions of a totalitarian country? The research covers the years 1945–1956, that is the period of molding, strengthening and peak of the totalitarian phase of state. The year 1956 was something of a breakthrough. The Stalinist era was ending, and thus the specter of a complete nationalization of the economy.
The research shows that the authorities had initially tried to recruit craftsmen, and therefore did not emphasize the demands of the nationalization of the workshops. Craft benefited from the short period of post-war prosperity until the year 1947. After that it contracted, which was related to the tightening of the government’s policy towards private property. This was a consequence of the increasing pressure of the USSR to unify economic systems in the socialist countries. However, it should be emphasized that authorities in the economic sphere prioritized the accelerated industrialization of the country and the development of heavy industry. Therefore, craft was tolerated, especially services deemed pertinent to fulfilling the needs of the society. This situation lasted until the year 1956. The importance of craft was emphasized by the representatives of the Democratic Party, but their actual influence on the economic policy of the state was limited.
In summary, it can be stated that the survival of craft was determined by the pragmatism of the authorities, who were willing to tolerate a weak private sector (controlled and under surveillance) while it provided scarce goods and thus reduced social tensions. In addition to that, the government’s priority was the development of heavy industry, which was at the center of the state’s attention. Nevertheless, it cannot be ruled out that if it had not been for the changes that took place after the year 1956, the private sector would have been finally liquidated.
Family Communication in Indonesian Migrant Worker's Extended Family
Authors: Hastasari Chatia 
Published: January 2024

This study aims to know what the communication orientation (conversation and conformity orientation) that occurs in the migrant workers’ extended family is; and what the obstacles to communication orientation that occur in the migrant workers’ extended family are. The lack of job opportunities for women who only graduated from elementary school and junior high school also directly influences the number of female migrant workers working abroad every year. For female migrant workers who already have children, the role of extended families such as the presence of their parents is very important in helping their spouses (husbands) in caring for their children. Using a qualitative approach, the data were gained through the process of interviewing informants. Informants in this study were selected purposively, they were: a woman who looks after her grandchild, aged 58 years (hereinafter referred to X1) and her daughter-in-law who works as a migrant worker, aged 30 years (hereinafter referred to X2); a woman who works as a migrant worker, aged 36 years (hereinafter referred to X3) and her son, aged 18 years (hereinafter referred to X4). X1 has been living with her granddaughter for about 3 years since her daughter-in-law (X2) became a migrant worker in Taiwan in 2018. After the data from the interviews are collected, then by using a triangulation table, the data will be selected based on the needs and similarities of the interview results between informants. From the same data, it is then adjusted to the existing conceptual framework and conclusions are drawn. The results show communication orientation for conversation that occurs in migrant workers' extended family consists of discussions to decide working abroad; when grandmother told her child about her granddaughter's growth, from conversations about school choices to parenting; giving freedom to the child to be able to express and convey their wishes and make decisions based on his own considerations. Meanwhile, the conformity orientation consists of giving advice for the child to be careful in making decisions (think before acting); and behave politely and always maintain health. The advice given is usually in the form of the cultivation of discipline, rules regarding politeness, attitude and also the cultivation of values. Subsequently, the obstacles to communication orientation that occur in migrant worker extended family consist of grandparents' health and grandparents' ability to use technology.

Keywords: Extended Family, grand parenting, family communication, and migrant worker
Hadanah Di Pesantren Sains Tebuireng Perspektif Maslahah Mursalah
Authors: Baroroh Khuzaimatul , Al Amin Habibi 
Published: January 2024

Abstrak
Pesantren memiliki potensi besar dalam menghasilkan kemaslahatan umum melalui pembentukan kepribadian Islami pada anak-anak. Pengasuhan anak berbasis pesantren dapat membantu melindungi generasi muda dari pengaruh negatif, memperkuat keimanan, mengembangkan kemampuan moral dan etika, serta membentuk individu yang tangguh dan bertanggung jawab. Penulis tertarik untuk melihat pola pengasuhan atau hadanah yang ada di pondok pesantren Trensains Tebuireng dari perspektif maslahah mursalah. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pendekatan kualitatif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field reseach), digunakan untuk memperoleh data yang diperlukan dalam mengkaji tentang pola pengasuhan atau hadanah berbasis pesantren yang ada di pesantren Sains Tebuireng lalu dianalisis dengan kacamata maslahah mursalah. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan Hadanah Berbasis Pesantren di pesantren Sains Tebuireng sudah memenuhi aspek-aspek pemeliharaan anak seperti pendidikan, pemenuhan kebutuhan anak, dan usia yang ideal. Selain itu Pesantren Sains Tebuireng komponen-komponen yang menjadi syarat berdirinya pesantren juga sangat memadai, dari mulai Pondok, Kiai, Masjid, Santri, Kitab-Kitab Klasik. Dan, Hadanah di Pesantren Sains Tebuireng sudah sesuai dengan nilai maslahah secara keseluruhan, dari mulai maslahah dharuriyah, hajjiyah, dan tahsiniyah. Selain itu maslahah yang dipraktekkan juga maslahah yang nyata bukan sekedar dugaan, juga tidak bertentangan dengan nash yang ada, kemudian juga maslahah bersifat umum.
Kata Kunci: Hadanah, Maslahah Mursalah, Pesantren.
Inpatient Quality Indicators of General Internal Medicine: Implementation Study with Practicability Assessment and Retrospective Data Analysis
Authors: von Ahlen Christine , Moser Dominik , Schneider Dominik , Geissler Alexander 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
BACKGROUND
In the summer of 2021, the Swiss Society for General Internal Medicine (SGAIM) published six quality indicators for the inpatient sector for the first time. The aim of these indicators is to facilitate a structured quality improvement process in internal medicine. The present implementation study examines the practicability of the quality indicators recommended by the SGAIM.
METHODS
The QUALIFY assessment tool for quality indicators is used to assess the practicability of the SGAIM indicators in a structured manner based on their implementation in a single center. Within this framework, a retrospective data analysis of the years 2020 and 2021 was carried out.
RESULTS
The results were calculated according to the recommended evaluation intervals and were as such: A provisional discharge report within 24 hours was sent to the follow-up institution for an average of 23.7% of discharges. A new prescription of benzodiazepines in patients with an age of ≥ 65 years occurred in an average of 17.2% of patients per month. The fall history was collected from 100% of the patients. The monthly proportion of patients with transfusions with an Hb value of > 8g/dl was 17.9% on average. The proportion of CIRS cases per patient averaged 1.3%. Hepatitis B vaccination protection was available to 100%.
CONCLUSIONS
The quality indicators recommended by the SGAIM for the transmission of provisional discharge reports, new prescriptions for benzodiazepines and transfusions with Hb values > 8 g/dl provided added value in everyday clinical practice CIRS case processing, biography of falls in the last 12 months and hepatitis B vaccination protection did not provide any benefit for practice in their current form.
Study on Proximate Composition of Rice (Oryza sativa) Bran and Chemical Properties with Fatty Acid Content of its’ Extracted Oil Collected from the Northern Region of Bangladesh
Authors: Shandhi Shabiba Parvin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Oryza sativa bran was analyzed for its proximate composition. The oil was extracted from the bran by the Soxhlet extraction method. Studies of some chemical properties and analysis of fatty acids by GC-MS of extracted oil were performed in this research work. The bran was collected from the Kurigram district of Bangladesh. The rice bran and the bran oil of this area are not much studied. The studies find out some significant properties and nutritional values of this area's rice bran and bran oil. The bran was rich in carbohydrates (38.78%), fats (20.30%), fiber (1.42%), and proteins (9.45%). Moisture and ash content were found 9.49% and 20.5% respectively. The important minerals were found by wet and dry tests like Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, K, Na, etc. The higher saponification (110.13 mg KOH/g) value of the oil indicated that it could be used as raw materials in good quality soap. It was determined by refluxing the oil with alcoholic KOH solution followed by titration with standard acid. The low iodine (46.25 I2/100g) value of the oil indicated that it could be used for cooking purposes and the oil was stable and consisted of polyunsaturated fatty acids mainly oleic and linoleic acid. From the fatty acid analysis by GC-MS, it was found that the oil had a high content of fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, etc. These acids have high biological importance for human health.
Causal Relationship Between Systemic Circulatory Inflammatory Regulators and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Chen Zi-Xuan , Xu Bo , Huang Ze-Ling , Liu Yu-Jiang , Shen Xiao-Feng , Lu Bin-Jie , Lin Jun , Zhang Xian-Da , Li Yu-Wei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
In the context of the development of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (IDD), inflammatory mediators play a pivotal role. Nevertheless, due to the influence of the inflammatory microenvironment, the causal relationship between specific inflammatory mediators and the development of IDD remains uncertain. The understanding of the causal relationship between inflammatory mediators and IDD is of great importance in preventing and delaying disc degeneration in the future.
Methods
We utilized genetic data concerning systemic circulating inflammatory regulators obtained from a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) analyzing 41 serum cytokines in a cohort of 8,293 individuals from Finland. The genetic data for IDD was derived from the most recent Genome-Wide Association Study summary statistics conducted within the FinnGen consortium, encompassing 37,636 IDD cases and 270,964 controls. Our analysis employed bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) techniques, which included several MR methods such as MR Egger, weighted median, inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted mode, and simple mode. Additionally, the MR-PRESSO method was employed to identify horizontal pleiotropy, heterogeneity was quantified using the Cochran Q statistic, and MR Egger intercept analysis was performed to assess pleiotropy.
Results
We established causal relationships between three specific inflammatory factors and IDD. Elevated levels of MIP-1β [OR = 0.956, 95% CI: -0.08 to -0.006; P = 0.02] and IFN-G [OR = 0.915, 95% CI: -0.16 to -0.02; P = 0.01] expression were associated with a reduced risk of IDD. Conversely, genetic susceptibility to IDD was linked to a decrease in IL13 levels [OR = 0.967, 95% CI: -0.063 to -0.004; P = 0.03].
Conclusion
In this study, we have identified inflammatory factors that exhibit a causal relationship with the onset and progression of IDD, as supported by genetic predictions.
Antibacterial Effect of Apis Mellifera Bees Honey, Garlic Extracts and Their Combination Against Salmonella in Wolayta Sodo, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Mahamed Samatar , Wolde Rediet 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The use of medicinal plants and preparations for different activities to treat infections is an age-old practice. Interest in plants with antimicrobial properties has come to use again because of the emergence of resistance strains of microorganisms against antimicrobials. Antibiotic resistant salmonella infections in both humans and animals are universal concerns, particularly in developing countries where the risk of infection is high. Garlic has been used for centuries by various societies around the world to combat various pathogens. Honey has proven antimicrobial activity as well. Honey inhibits a broad spectrum of bacterial species. But their use in modern medicine is limited because of a lack of scientific support. An experimental study design was used with the objective of testing honey and garlic aqueous extracts for their antibacterial activity against salmonella. The test microorganism Salmonella was isolated in the Wolaita Sodo regional laboratory from the feces of diarrheal calves. The extracts used were prepared at three concentrations, namely 100g, 50g, 25g in 100 ml of distilled water, and in vitro antibacterial activity was assessed against Salmonella bacteria. For this assessment, a filter paper disc diffusion assay was used. The antibacterial activities of the extracts were expressed as the mean inhibition of salmonella growth. According to the current investigation in all concentrations, tested honey has performed very well than garlic and their combination, but it has highly significantly different mean inhibition than garlic extract and the combination of garlic and honey at 100g concentration with a maximum zone of inhibition of 26.33 ± 0.577mm. The present study reveals the possibility of using honey, garlic, and their combination to treat disease caused by salmonella. Therefore, further studies should be conducted on the antibacterial and other medicinal values of honey and garlic using in vitro and in vivo studies to see how they may contribute to solving the problems of drug resistance.
Astroglia proliferate upon biogenesis of tunneling nanotubes via α-synuclein dependent transient nuclear translocation of focal adhesion kinase
Authors: Nath Sangeeta , Raghavan Abinaya , Kashyap Rachana , P Sreedevi , Jos Sneha , Chatterjee Suchana , Alex Ann , D’Souza Michelle , Giridharan Mridhula , Manjithaya Ravi , Muddashetty Ravi , Padavattan Sivaraman 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Astroglia play crucial neuroprotective roles by internalizing pathogenic aggregates and facilitating its degradation. Here, we show, that α-SYN protofibril-induced organelle toxicities and reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause premature cellular senescence in astrocytes and astrocytes origin cancer cells, resulting in a transient increase in biogenesis of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). TNT-biogenesis and TNT-mediated cell-to-cell transfer lead to clearance of α-SYN-induced organelle toxicities, reduction in cellular ROS levels, and reversal of cellular senescence. Enhanced cell proliferation is seen in the post-recovered cells after relieving from α-SYN-induced organelle toxicities. Further, we show, that α-SYN-induced senescence promotes transient localization of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in the nucleus. FAK-mediated regulation of Rho-associated kinases plays a significant role in the biogenesis of TNTs, and successively proliferation. Our study emphasizes that TNT biogenesis has a potential role in the clearance of α-SYN-induced cellular toxicities and reversal of stress-induced cellular senescence, consequences of which cause enhanced proliferation in the post-recovered astroglia cells.
Lung Cancer and COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Bai Mengxi , Li Jing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
It has been observed that lung cancer patients are more susceptible to COVID-19. Establishing the causal relationships between lung cancer and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity is challenging due to numerous confounding factors. Mendelian Randomization (MR) is an effective method to investigate the causal association between exposure and outcome variables. However, different studies have yielded conflicting conclusions regarding the role of lung cancer in COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. Lung cancer subtypes exhibit heterogeneity in genetic susceptibility, which may influence the assessment of the true relationship between lung cancer and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. In this study, we utilized the most recent COVID-19 association data from The COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative to conduct a two-sample Mendelian Randomization study. We examined the associations between lung cancer and its four subtypes with COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization, and severity. Our data indicates that lung cancer, overall, does not have a causal association with COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization, or severity. However, lung cancer in ever smokers is causally associated with COVID-19 hospitalization and increased severity. Additionally, small cell lung carcinoma is causally associated with increased COVID-19 severity.