bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of bronchodilator therapy on the function of external respiration and lung parenchyma in surgical treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Dobner S. Yu. , Fedosenko S. V. , Dobrodeev A. Yu. , Yarovoy N. D. , Samtsov E. N. , Dubakov А. V. , Starovoitova E. A. , Denisova О. A. , Kirillova N. A. 
Published: November 2023

The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy of regular prolonged inhalation therapy with tiotropium bromide delivered via the Respimat inhaler and short-acting bronchodilator (SAB) therapy with ipratropium bromide/fenoterol in the perioperative period in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd).Material and Methods. The study included 66 patients with Nsclc and copd. The patients received tiotropium bromide, 5 mcg/day (TB group) or a combination of ipratropium bromide/fenoterol 20/50 mcg/dose, 2 doses 4 times a day (SAB group) for 6 weeks before and 6 weeks after surgery. The control group consisted of patients who did not receive bronchodilators before surgery, but they received a combination of ipratropium bromide/fenoterol in the postoperative period. All patients underwent tests of pulmonary function (spirometry, body plethysmography), measurement of lung parenchyma density and emphysematous lung areas (high-resolution computed tomography).Results. After preoperative preparation with use of tB or saB, there was a significant improvement in FEV1, FVC, VC, RV, ITGV, and. RV/TLC ratio relative to baseline. In the tB and sad groups, a significant reduction in the severity of total respiratory resistance (Rtot) compared to that in the control group was observed. According to the assessment of lung density and the volume of emphysematous areas on expiration, the results in the TB group were significantly better than those in the sad and control groups. six weeks after surgery, all patients showed a significant decrease in post-FeV1, post-FVC, and post-VC relative to the preoperative values. Bronchodilator therapy resulted in the reduction in Rtot in all groups; however, better results were achieved in the TB group (86 %) compared to sad group (93 %, p=0.03) and control (101.5 %, p=0.02). After surgical treatment, a decrease in the volume of emphysematous areas on inspiration was observed: the parameters were better in the TB group than in the sad and control groups (220 cm3 versus 1025 cm3 and 1002 cm3, p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively).Conclusion. In patients with Nsclc and copd, longterm inhaled bronchodilator therapy can significantly improve respiratory function. more beneficial results are achieved after using long-acting drugs (tiotropium bromide).
‘We do not wash hands’: Barriers to the maintenance of five moments of hand hygiene among learner nurses at a university in Limpopo province, South Africa
Authors: Mutshatshi Takalani Edith , Rasweswe Melitah Molatelo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The provision of quality patient care involves adequate infection control measures in healthcare institutions which is achievable through the maintenance of five moments of hand hygiene. Although there is growing awareness of the importance of proper hand hygiene in healthcare settings, empirical data indicate that there has not been a corresponding rise in the proper practice. Healthcare professionals including learner nurses frequently complain about obstacles that hinder them from effectively maintaining five moments of hand hygiene. We investigated the barriers to the maintenance of five moments of hand hygiene among learner nurses at a University in Limpopo province, South Africa. The study was qualitative using an explorative, descriptive research design. Data were collected from learner nurses using individual interviews. Tesch’s open coding method was utilized to analyze data. The findings revealed that there are limited resources in clinical facilities, related to the shortage of water supply, inadequate handwashing equipment, and shortage of supplies. The study also revealed that there is a high and heavy workload with limited human resources. The study suggests that healthcare settings need adequate resources to maintain five moments of hand hygiene.
Assessing future flood inundation in Nandigama through land use, land cover, and rainfall analysis
Authors: Reddy Poli Sainath , Bhavani R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Frequent occurrences of high-intensity rainfall have made urban flooding a significant problem. In the present study, flood inundation maps were prepared for the years 2030 and 2035 based on changes in future land use and land cover (LULC) and rainfall patterns in Nandigama, located in Andhra Pradesh, India. The Hydrologic Engineering Center's Hydrologic Modelling System Hydrologic and Hydrologic Engineering Center–River Analysis System hydraulic models were used to assess future runoff and flood inundation areas for the above years. Future LULC and hydro-meteorological data were analysed and incorporated into the models. Predicted LULC maps showed a high level of agreement with actual LULC maps, as indicated by a Kappa index of 88.34%. The average peak runoff flowing out of the basin increased by 1.82%–3.43% for years 2030–2035, respectively. When considering the average inundation percentage area in Nandigama, it was found that 12.73% and 13.83% of the area flooded in both years. The study recommendations give more attention to the Nandigama flood management authority.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Telmisartan-loaded
Novel Curcumin-tagged Solid Nanodispersion for the Treatment of
Diabetic Nephropathy in an Animal Model
Authors: Rawat Aruna , Jhawat Vikas , Chauhan Samrat , Dutt Rohit 
Published: November 2023

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of telmisartan-loaded novel curcumin-tagged solid nanodispersion in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic nephropathy in Wistar rats.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to perform a comprehensive pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of a novel curcumin-tagged solid nanodispersion loaded with telmisartan, with the aim of assessing its potential as a treatment for diabetic nephropathy in an animal model. Specifically, the following objectives will be addressed: formulation and character-ization, in vitro evaluation, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics evaluation, and compara-tive analysis.

Materials and Methods:
Telmisartan-loaded curcumin-tagged solid nanodispersion was prepared using the emulsion solvent evaporation method. The optimized formulation was evaluated for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters in an animal model. Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups, with 6 animals in each group. Diabetes was induced using nicotinamide (240 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, i.p.) injections in the animals. After 30 to 45 days of intro-duction, diabetic nephropathy was manifested. The kidneys and pancreas were used for histological analysis and renal and pancreatic damage assessment.

Results:
In-vivo studies showed better bioavailability with the t1/2 and Cmax of TLS-15 was 14.92 ± 0.47 hours and 0.32 ± 0.009, respectively, within 2 hours as compared to the t1/2 and Cmax of MP was 4.38 ± 0.19 hours and 0.19 ± 0.008 owing to the better dissolution due to solubility improvement. When compared to the commercially available product, TLS-15 was found to have blood glucose and body weight that were, respectively, 1.01 and 1.03 times higher. Kidney measures, such as serum urea and creatinine, were found to be 0.71 and 1.16 times lower for TLS-15, respectively, and albumin had a value that was 1.13 times higher than for the commercial formulation. Urine indicators, urine albumin, and creatinine estimations, as well as cytokine estimations, revealed that TLS-15 had creatinine levels that were 1.17 times higher and IL-6 lev-els that were 0.77 times higher than those of a commercial batch.

Conclusion:
The findings strongly support the renoprotective and pancreatic protective effects of TLS and Cur (SND-Solid Nanodispersion) combined by lowering levels of cytokines factor (IL-6), kidney, and lipid parameters. The postulated mechanism might be the combined inhibitory action of TLS and Cur.
Evaluation of the Accuracy, Credibility, and Readability of Statin-Related Websites: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ling Eunice , de Pieri Domenico , Loh Evenne , Scott Karen M , Li Stephen C H , Medbury Heather J 
Published: November 2023

Background
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the greatest burden of mortality worldwide, and statins are the most commonly prescribed drug in its management. A wealth of information pertaining to statins and their side effects is on the internet; however, to date, no assessment of the accuracy, credibility, and readability of this information has been undertaken.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the quality (accuracy, credibility, and readability) of websites likely to be visited by the general public undertaking a Google search of the side effects and use of statin medications.

Methods
Following a Google web search, we reviewed the top 20 consumer-focused websites with statin information. Website accuracy, credibility, and readability were assessed based on website category (commercial, not-for-profit, and media), website rank, and the presence or absence of the Health on the Net Code of Conduct (HONcode) seal. Accuracy and credibility were assessed following the development of checklists (with 20 and 13 items, respectively). Readability was assessed using the Simple Measure of Gobbledegook scores.

Results
Overall, the accuracy score was low (mean 14.35 out of 20). While side effects were comprehensively covered by 18 websites, there was little information about statin use in primary and secondary prevention. None of the websites met all criteria on the credibility checklist (mean 7.8 out of 13). The median Simple Measure of Gobbledegook score was 9.65 (IQR 8.825-10.85), with none of the websites meeting the recommended reading grade of 6, even the media websites. A website bearing the HONcode seal did not mean that the website was more comprehensive or readable.

Conclusions
The quality of statin-related websites tended to be poor. Although the information contained was accurate, it was not comprehensive and was presented at a reading level that was too difficult for an average reader to fully comprehend. As such, consumers risk being uninformed about this pharmacotherapy.
The Association Between Linguistic Characteristics of Physicians’ Communication and Their Economic Returns: Mixed Method Study
Authors: Geng Shuang , He Yuqin , Duan Liezhen , Yang Chen , Wu Xusheng , Liang Gemin , Niu Ben 
Published: November 2023

Background
Web-based health care has the potential to improve health care access and convenience for patients with limited mobility, but its success depends on active physician participation. The economic returns of internet-based health care initiatives are an important factor that can motivate physicians to continue their participation. Although several studies have examined the communication patterns and influences of web-based health consultations, the correlation between physicians’ communication characteristics and their economic returns remains unexplored.

Objective
This study aims to investigate how the linguistic features of 2 modes of physician-patient communication, instrumental and affective, determine the physician’s economic returns, measured by the honorarium their patients agree to pay per consultation. We also examined the moderating effects of communication media (web-based text messages and voice messages) and the compounding effects of different communication features on economic returns.

Methods
We collected 40,563 web-based consultations from 528 physicians across 4 disease specialties on a large, web-based health care platform in China. Communication features were extracted using linguistic inquiry and word count, and we used multivariable linear regression and K-means clustering to analyze the data.

Results
We found that the use of cognitive processing language (ie, words related to insight, causation, tentativeness, and certainty) in instrumental communication and positive emotion–related words in affective communication were positively associated with the economic returns of physicians. However, the extensive use of discrepancy-related words could generate adverse effects. We also found that the use of voice messages for service delivery magnified the effects of cognitive processing language but did not moderate the effects of affective processing language. The highest economic returns were associated with consultations in which the physicians used few expressions related to negative emotion; used more terms associated with positive emotions; and later, used instrumental communication language.

Conclusions
Our study provides empirical evidence about the relationship between physicians’ communication characteristics and their economic returns. It contributes to a better understanding of patient-physician interactions from a professional-client perspective and has practical implications for physicians and web-based health care platform executives.
Artificial Intelligence–Based Methods for Integrating Local and Global Features for Brain Cancer Imaging: Scoping Review
Authors: Ali Hazrat , Qureshi Rizwan , Shah Zubair 
Published: November 2023

Background
Transformer-based models are gaining popularity in medical imaging and cancer imaging applications. Many recent studies have demonstrated the use of transformer-based models for brain cancer imaging applications such as diagnosis and tumor segmentation.

Objective
This study aims to review how different vision transformers (ViTs) contributed to advancing brain cancer diagnosis and tumor segmentation using brain image data. This study examines the different architectures developed for enhancing the task of brain tumor segmentation. Furthermore, it explores how the ViT-based models augmented the performance of convolutional neural networks for brain cancer imaging.

Methods
This review performed the study search and study selection following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. The search comprised 4 popular scientific databases: PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar. The search terms were formulated to cover the interventions (ie, ViTs) and the target application (ie, brain cancer imaging). The title and abstract for study selection were performed by 2 reviewers independently and validated by a third reviewer. Data extraction was performed by 2 reviewers and validated by a third reviewer. Finally, the data were synthesized using a narrative approach.

Results
Of the 736 retrieved studies, 22 (3%) were included in this review. These studies were published in 2021 and 2022. The most commonly addressed task in these studies was tumor segmentation using ViTs. No study reported early detection of brain cancer. Among the different ViT architectures, Shifted Window transformer–based architectures have recently become the most popular choice of the research community. Among the included architectures, UNet transformer and TransUNet had the highest number of parameters and thus needed a cluster of as many as 8 graphics processing units for model training. The brain tumor segmentation challenge data set was the most popular data set used in the included studies. ViT was used in different combinations with convolutional neural networks to capture both the global and local context of the input brain imaging data.

Conclusions
It can be argued that the computational complexity of transformer architectures is a bottleneck in advancing the field and enabling clinical transformations. This review provides the current state of knowledge on the topic, and the findings of this review will be helpful for researchers in the field of medical artificial intelligence and its applications in brain cancer.
A comparative evaluation of two approaches for loading a therapeutic agent into custom fabricated electrospun nanofiber based innovative wound bandages
Authors: Tabane Tumelo H. , Batlokwa Bareki S. 
Published: November 2023

In this work, we evaluated two different approaches; the pvpi_blended and the pvpi_soaked approaches, of loading a model therapeutic agent, povidone-iodine (pvpi), into innovatively fabricated, electrospun poly-Ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) nanofiber based wound bandages. The two loading approaches were compared based on the critical parameters that an excellent wound dressing material must possess; loading capacity, therapeutic agent releasing behavior and wettability. From the results, the pvpi_blended approach PCL nanofiber mats with their higher calculated pvpi loading capacities of 97.0% outperformed the pvpi_soaked approach PCL nanofiber mats with 61.2%. They further outclassed the soaked_approach mats when it came to pvpi release time, recording a longer prolonged time of 98 min compared to shorter, faster time of 18 min for the release of 50% or more of pvpi for both. Furthermore, it was found out that the presence of the hydrophilic pvpi within the structure of the prepared PCL nanofiber mats bandages, altered the natural hydrophobicity of the pure PCL mats to slightly hydrophilic making them compatible with the hydrophilic wound exudates and their excellent absorbers. Additionally, the pvpi_loaded PCL nanofiber mat bandages exhibited favorable morphological attributes such as smooth surfaces, nano sized fibers with estimated diameters of 350 nm and high surface area to volume ratio, that supported high performance efficiency of the prepared materials. Overall, the blended presented itself as an approach of choice for incorporating medication when developing medicated nanofiber-based bandages such as the ones in this study, which are potential replacements of the conventional drug wasting, micro-structured cotton bandages.
Keywords: Electrospinning, Nanostructured bandages, Electrospun nanofiber bandages, Innovative drug delivery bandages, Smart bandages, Blended approach, Chronic wounds.
Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles of Gymnema sylvestre Extract on Wistar Rats
Authors: Gotteparthi Sravani , Kotaru Manvitha , Krishnan S. Ashok , Sridevi K. 
Published: November 2023

Diabetes mellitus is described as a metabolic disorder, which was characterised by high blood glucose levels, which were resulted due to insufficient insulin secretion. There were major complications related to diabetes mellitus. To evaluate the antidiabetic effect of Gymnema sylvestre Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. Streptozotocin (STZ) of 50mg/kg is used for the induction of diabetes into Wistar rats. The animals were divided into 6 groups. Group-I represented as Control; Group-II represented as diabetic control (STZ ); Group-III represented as 5 mg/kg body weight of glibenclamide + diabetes; Group-IV represented as Gymnema sylvestre extract + diabetes; Group-V represented as 100 µg Gymnema sylvestre Zinc Oxide nanoparticles + diabetes; group-6- Gymnema sylvestre Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles 200 µg + diabetes. The GsZnONPs were inspected to morphological properties using UV spectrophotometer and FTIR. The GsZnONPs shown characterization peak at 300nm. The study has shown that GsZnONPs treated group has shown reduced glucose concentration. The histo-pathological alterations were also studied in all experimental groups. The pathology results of GsZnONPs (200 µg) group has shown the regeneration of islets cells of pancreas. The research study has proved that Gymnema sylvestre ZnO NPs exerts antidiabetic properties.
Keywords: Diabetes, Gymnema sylvestre, Zinc Oxide nanoparticles
Bilateral Choanal Atresia: A Case Report of a Neonate
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Agarwal L. D. , Jain Vartika , Gupta Abhishek Kumar , Hritika Hritika , Kumari Priyanka , Sinwal Aashutosh 
Published: November 2023

The objective is to describe a rare case of bilateral Choanal atresia (CA). It is a congenital deformity of posterior nares where both nares are not patent at all or stenosed. While unilateral CA can remain unidentified for years, bilateral CA is typically detectable immediately after birth in neonates who prefer to breathe via their nose until they are four months old. An 18 days old male patient was admitted to the male surgery ward with complaints of respiratory distress and not taking feed for 2 days. The patient has been hospitalized after birth in a railway hospital and referred to a pediatric surgeon and he was diagnosed as a case of bilateral CA. During surgery, posterior nares were perforated, and dilated and stenting of posterior nares was performed with infant feeding tube no.8 with the help of a guide wire. Bilateral CA is a medical emergency that needs to be treated in newborns as early as possible. CT scan of the skull base and paranasal sinus can be helpful as a diagnostic tool in detecting the condition.
Keywords: Choanal atresia, stenting, congenital deformity, infant feeding tube
Almond (Prunus amygdalus L.): A source of revitalizing health and its therapeutic application
Authors: Siddiqui Momina , Begum Wajeeha 
Published: November 2023

Nature is the source of some exquisite food products, having a wondrous amalgam of beneficial bioactive compounds with diverse health effects, often unattainable in synthetic products. Almond is a one of the valuable health benefiting food, from the Rosaceae family, have long been known as a source of essential nutrients; nowadays, they are in demand as a healthy food with increasing popularity for the general population and producers. They are native to the region which extends from India to Persia; the almond tree had spread to east and west of its native region thousands of years before Christ. Bitter and sweet almond are its types. It consists of Kernel or meat, mid shell and outer green shell. They are a rich source of vitamin E, dietary fiber, B-vitamins, proteins, calcium, magnesium, mono-unsaturated fats and phytosterols. This is also one of the classical Unani drugs prescribed by Hakeems in different body ailments. In Unani literature, it is mainly described as Muqawwī-i-dimāgh (Brain tonic), Murattib-i-dimāgh (Brain demulcent), Mulayyin (Laxative), Muqawwī-i-bāh (Aphrodisiac) and Mughadhdhi (Nutritious) etc. This is a review paper which discuss morphology, pharmacological action, ethno-medicinal and therapeutic uses of this medicinal plant in perspective of Unani medicine. This review has been done through online searches of databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, science direct and hand search for classical textbook available in libraries. It concluded that Almond is one of the best herbal medicines in treatment of Palpitation, Amnesia, Hyperlipidemic, Sexual Debility, Dysmenorrhea, as it possess the following properties Antidiabetic, Antifungal, Anticancer, Antioxidant, Antihypertensive, Anti-inflammatory, Immunity enhancer, Hepato-protective Neuro-protective.
Keywords: Unani System of Medicine, Almond, Badam Shireen, Neuroprotective, Immunobooster, Muqawwī-i-dimāgh