bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilayer broadband absorber based on gradient impedance difference between layers
Authors: Wu Lili , Cui Kai , Zheng Lei , Wang Yang , Wang Tao , Nie Yan , Wang Xian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
With the rapid advancement of microwave technology, the demand for broadband and high-absorption performance presents significant challenges in the development of microwave materials. To meet these demands, we designed a broadband and high-absorption structure based on the gradient impedance difference between layers, grounded in transmission line theory. Through comparisons of broadband impedance matching and microwave attenuation characteristics under oblique incidence for different polarization modes, the gradient impedance distribution is optimized. Additionally, the relationship between the input impedance of the structure and the free-space wave impedance has been investigated. It is found that the four-layer structure performs the best impedance matching when the interlayer characteristic impedance is 70 Ω. The designed gradient impedance structure achieves a reflection loss of less than −10 dB across the 2–18 GHz frequency range and a stronger reflection loss below −20 dB within the 4.3–18 GHz frequency range. It also maintains a wide incident angle range from 0° to 60° under both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarization modes. This study provides a promising technological approach for the design of broadband and high-absorption structures.
Dynamic magnetic behaviors and magnetocaloric effect of CrI3-like bilayer structure
Authors: Shi Kai-Le , Jiang Wei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Through the utilization of Monte Carlo simulations, the dynamic magnetic characteristics and magnetocaloric effect of a CrI3-like bilayer structure featuring mixed spin (3/2, 1) are explored. First, a detailed analysis is conducted on the influence of different parameters such as exchange coupling and dynamic magnetic field on the order parameter, susceptibility, and internal energy of the ferrimagnetic system. Various interesting phenomena have been discovered, such as the occurrence of a maximum in the magnetization curve, a double-peak behavior in the magnetic susceptibility curve, and the blocking temperature exhibiting an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease with the increase of the bias field. During the investigation of hysteresis loops, a multi-loop phenomenon is observed. Various parameters are being examined to evaluate how they affect the magnetic entropy change, adiabatic temperature, and relative cooling power of the ferromagnetic system. These discoveries could prove advantageous when implementing them in spintronic devices and refrigeration technology.
A model for Alfvén-eigenmode-induced transport of fast ions in stellarators
Authors: Slaby C. , Kleiber R. , Könies A. , Wolf M.I. , Borchardt M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A novel model for Alfvén-eigenmode-induced transport of fast ions in stellarators is introduced. A variety of reduced transport models exists for tokamaks, but nothing comparable currently exists for stellarators. The model is built on a mixing-length approximation for relating the linear growth rates of Alfvén eigenmodes to a diffusion coefficient which enters into a nonlinear steady-state radial diffusion equation for the fast-ion density profile. Analytical theory in the local and cylindrical limits is applied for computing growth rates and frequencies of Alfvénic modes at the intersection points of continuum branches. After verifying the new reduced model against the physically more complete hybrid-gyrokinetic CKA-EUTERPE model and finding good agreement, the new transport model is applied to a Wendelstein 7-X case, where modest profile flatting can be observed. Finally, as an outlook, the tool is also applied to a device resembling a future stellarator reactor. In the reactor, due to the high alpha-particle energy, the fast-ion transport caused by the interaction with Alfvénic modes is potentially very strong. However, due to the simplifications made by the model (Landau damping is the only damping channel, no finite-Larmor-radius or finite-orbit-width effects) the transport in the reactor is likely overestimated.
Upgrade of the CMS Drift Tube electronics for the High Luminosity LHC
Authors: Bedoya C.F. ,   the CMS collaboration
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrade mandates a comprehensive overhaul of the CMS Drift Tubes (DT) electronics due to trigger rates surpassing current capabilities. Accordingly, a new DT electronics has been designed that not only overcomes the readout limitations but also, will allow to improve the performance of the muon barrel trigger system by increasing the resolution and reducing the fake rates. The on-detector part of this new electronics will continue to perform the time digitization of the DT chamber signals with the required 0.78 ns but will achieve factors closer to 10 in terms of integration, reducing the power dissipation by half. The core of this new on-detector electronics is the On-detector Board for DT (OBDT) board that will allow integrating up to 240 time digitization channels and forward them without data losses, with ∼10 W of power consumption and operating under radiation environment. The backend system will be based in Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture (ATCA) boards and for the first time we have successfully implemented the DT trigger primitive algorithm capable of using the OBDT streamline data and performing the DT muon track reconstruction in the available latency and with very similar to offline resolution. The deployment of OBDTs in a sector of the CMS has allowed to obtain the first results that validate the new architecture and its performance. Rigorous testing procedures have been conducted to ensure the suitability of these systems for the demanding operating conditions of the HL-LHC, with a primary emphasis on functionality and reliability. This report outlines an innovative approach to DT electronics, promising enhanced performance in a challenging HL-LHC environment.
Design of the resonance extraction scheme for the upgrade project of the China Spallation Neutron Source
Authors: An Yuwen , Yuan Yaoshuo , Li Zhiping , Huang Liangsheng , Xu Shouyan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the upcoming upgrade project of the China Spallation
Neutron Source (CSNS II), the beam power is planned to increase to
500 kW. One important potential application with the enhanced beam
power is the proton radiography based on resonance extraction of the
proton beams. In this article we present a scheme of beam resonance
extraction for the proton radiography, by using the skew sextupole
magnet, the trim quadrupoles(QTs), the rf kicker, and the septum
magnet in the rapid cycling synchrotrons (RCS) of the CSNS II. It is
shown that with the adoption of the proposed scheme, a sufficient
large number of particles 1.0 × 1010 in 20 bunches with
410 ns time interval can be extracted from the RCS, which satisfies
the requirement of the proton radiography.
Bioconvection in an anisotropic scattering suspension of phototactic algae exposed to diffused sunlight
Authors: Rajput S K , Panda M K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The onset of phototaxis-driven bioconvection in an anisotropic (forward) scattering algal suspension illuminated from above by diffuse/scattered sunlight is investigated in the proposed work. Linear stability analysis is performed to investigate the onset of bioconvection in the proposed study and the resulting eigenvalue problem is solved using a fourth-order accurate, finite-difference scheme based on the Newton Raphson Kantorovich iteration. The study demonstrates that forward scattering enhances suspension stability, energy transfer to deeper regions resulting significant biomass contribution and variation in it allows the bioconvective solution to shift from mode 1 to mode 2 at fluid dynamic instability. Moreover, the bioconvective flow patterns of the proposed model via perturbed algal concentration are implicated in key ecological phenomena, including blooms. The findings of this study show some resemblance to gyrotactic bioconvection via dismissal of the collimated beam. Furthermore, the outcomes of the proposed work include evidence of some interesting phenomena, such as the existence of limit cycles (and/or orbits) via bifurcation analysis.
Fractal, tribo-mechanical and corrosion characterization of hydrophobic and lead free electroless Ni-B mono and bi-layer coating developed using artificial intelligence
Authors: Kumar Abhinandan , Jana Tamonash , Ghuku Sushanta , Mukhopadhyay Arkadeb 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A quaternary, lead free electroless Ni-B-Cu-Sn coating was obtained using experimental design, artificial neural network and genetic algorithm based on higher hardness and deposition rate. A high predicted as-deposited hardness of 1138 HV0.05 and deposition rate of 10 μm hr−1 was achieved. Coating surface had nodular, self-similar fractal nature with higher density for the bi-layered variant. The surface roughness and tribological behaviour was better for the single layered coating. Adoption of double layered coating only had a mild improvement in the corrosion resistance. The bi-layered coatings also exhibit hydrophobic nature with contact angle ∼121°–130°. The first critical load of failure of both the coatings were around 20 N which is nearly like lead stabilized electroless Ni-B coating. This new coating variant can possibly be a newer replacement to the conventional coatings.
Divertor heat flux challenge and mitigation in the EHL-2 spherical torus
Authors: WANG 王 Fuqiong 福琼 , GU 顾 Xiang 翔 , HUA 华 Jiankun 建坤 , WANG 王 Yumin 嵎民 , BO 薄 Xiaokun 晓坤 , CHEN 陈 Bo 博 , SHI 石 Yuejiang 跃江 , XU 徐 Shuai 帅 , WANG 王 Erhui 二辉 , LIANG 梁 Yunfeng 云峰 , Team the EHL-2 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The divertor design is critical to heat load handling and thus to achievements of high-performance plasma operations in the EHL-2 (ENN He-Long 2) tokamak. This paper presents the design of an X-point target (XPT) divertor, featuring a conventional inner divertor and an XPT outer divertor, aimed at the effective control of heat loads, which may be extremely high during high ion temperature scenarios. The divertor target plates are made from carbon-based materials, which can handle heat loads of up to 5 MW/m². Divertor performances, including the heat load controllability, the onset of detachment and the in–out/up–down asymmetry, etc., are evaluated using both the simple particle-tracking strategy and the complicated SOLPS-ITER code. Special attention is paid to the drift effects on particle/heat transport in the divertor/scrape-off layer region and on the divertor heat loads, focusing on the semi-detached/detached operation regimes. Results from SOLPS-ITER simulations demonstrated that the currently designed magnetic equilibrium and divertor configuration can effectively handle the power heat load in EHL-2.
Enhancing electrocatalytic performance of RuO2-based catalysts: mechanistic insights, strategic approaches, and recent advances
Authors: KC Binod Raj , Kumar Dhananjay , Bastakoti Bishnu Prasad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Electrochemical water splitting presents the ultimate potential of hydrogen and oxygen production; however, regulating the rate and efficiency of water splitting is highly dependent on the accessibility of extremely efficient electrode materials for slow performance kinetics and large overpotential of both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Ruthenium oxide (RuO2) based materials display high performance for OER and HER because of their capacity to bind oxygen, eminent catalytic activity, low cost compared to other precious metals, and stability in a wide pH range. However, there is still much space to promote the OER and HER activity and stability of RuO2 to fulfill the necessity for practical applications in water splitting. Different researchers applied multiple approaches that boosted the catalytic performance of RuO2-based electrocatalysts toward overall water splitting. Herein, this review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in RuO2-based materials in the field of water electrolysis for the generation of alternative energies. It gives a general description of water splitting in acidic and alkaline settings, including reaction mechanisms as well as common evaluation elements for the catalytic function of the materials. Most of the reviews reported based on RuO2 materials are only focused on OER performance, but this review highlighted comprehensive ideas on different strategies like morphology design, electronic structure, electrolytes, and compositions for optimizing both electrocatalytic HER and OER functioning of RuO2-based electrocatalysts.
HHT based protection for series compensated double circuit transmission lines considering evolving and cross-country faults
Authors: Kundu Mondal Madhumita , Debnath Sudipta 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper a fault detection and classification technique has been pro- posed for series compensated double circuit transmission line (SCDCTL) using Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT). The series compensation makes the fault detection a difficult task in SCDCTL. Furthermore, the traditional protection schemes may fail to detect the faulty phase when complex and simultaneous faults occur in the line. From the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) of the current signals, Current signals have been collected from the two ends of the line and Discrete Tea ger Energy has been calculated for each phase to detect and classify faults. The performance of the proposed scheme has been validated for variation of series compensation level, close in faults, reverse power flow, evolving fault, cross-country and complex cross-country faults through extensive simulation results. Power swing and time delay in obtaining data from the remote end has also been considered to test the suitability of the proposed technique in SCDCTL. Comparison with other recent approaches establishes the superior performance of the proposed technique.
Improving detection of Parkinson’s disease with acoustic feature optimization using particle swarm optimization and machine learning
Authors: Hadjaidji Elmoundher , Amara Korba Mohamed Cherif , Khelil Khaled 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), characterized by motor impairments and tremors, also presents early-stage vocal abnormalities that hold diagnostic potential. Leveraging voice analysis and classification techniques, numerous studies explore the feasibility of early PD detection through automated systems. While several databases offer acoustic features for this purpose, their effectiveness largely depends on the classification methodology employed. This study aims to refine PD detection systems by introducing customized weighting to acoustic features, adjusting their significance based on their correlation with the disease and the classification algorithm utilized. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed for this purpose, with the Oxford PD dataset serving as the source data for training and validation. Performance evaluation encompasses four classification algorithms: support vector machine, Gradient Boosting (GB), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and Naïve Bayes. A 5-fold cross-validation technique was adopted to evaluate the effectiveness of our method for PD detection. The results show that our approach significantly improves performance regardless of the classifier used, demonstrating its generalization capability. The KNN classifier surpasses state-of-the-art results, achieving an accuracy of 97.44% and a sensitivity of 98.02%.
Power and Manipulation
Authors: Jonas Monique 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines concerns about advisors improperly exercising power through their framing and delivery of advice, and reveals how power dynamics can compromise the safety of advice relationships. Section 4.1 considers worries about the use of manipulative techniques and concludes that thinking in terms of manipulation only serves to muddy the ethical waters when it comes to advice. There is more to be gained by focusing on whether the norms of advice are adhered to. The discussion then turns to the challenge of navigating power relations. Disparities of power between advisor and advisee can threaten the prospects of advice being received as such, even when the advisor’s conduct, intentions, and attitudes are norm-compliant. I canvass a range of relationships in which status issues pose challenges for advising and consider what makes it possible to safely advise those whom we rely upon, or who rely upon us.
Introduction
Authors: Walker Jennifer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
From concert performances across the globe to television (The Righteous Gemstones, HBO, 2019), Berlioz’s Requiem has garnered a distinctive place in the contemporary auditory imagination, one that challenges the shop-worn narratives of empty bombast disguised as Catholic ritual. This introductory chapter introduces the terms of the common argument that Berlioz’s Requiem, in lacking religious sincerity, is the product par excellence of nineteenth-century Romantic excess, drama, and theatricality. If the Requiem’s brief appearance during the introduction to The Righteous Gemstones, a television show steeped in excess and religious insincerity, seems to underscore accepted narratives about the work, this chapter introduces the multiple ways in which the Requiem can be heard and understood anew.
Rehearing the Requiem
Authors: Walker Jennifer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter considers the persistence of the notion that Berlioz’s Requiem is, at its core, a primer in Romantic theatricality and religious indifference. While the work continues to appeal to modern audiences, it also delights audience members who have come to expect Berlioz and his music to be the standard bearer of nineteenth-century dramatic, monumental, and programmatic Romanticism. This sort of appeal is not unlike that which surrounds other settings of the Requiem mass, including those by Verdi and Mozart, whose receptions have likewise been shaped by questions that ask what role expressive (dramatic) music should play in sacred music and how, if at all, the realms of the sacred and the secular should interact in musical works. Theatrical as it may appear, then, we may now rehear the Requiem as a study in sacred musical aesthetics, the sacred sublime, and aural architecture
Supra-Organic Landscapes
Authors: Phillips Jonathan D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Super-organisms are multipart entities that function as a single being. The highly interconnected nature of landscapes and Earth systems makes it tempting to view them as super-organisms. But landscapes are supra-organisms—systems that include multiple interacting biota and abiotic factors and that transform over time and respond to disturbances and changes as a single unit. This does not preclude responses by individual components of the system, but it does imply that these are linked to system-level responses. A supra-organism is an environmental system whereby neither abiotic factors nor biota operate or develop independently of each other. This means that in addition to evolution of its constituent elements, supra-organisms evolve at the system level. This chapter explains and builds a case for the supra-organic landscape framework. A general example of supra-organic behavior in responses to climate change is given, along with two specific examples of supra-organic evolution in salt marshes and forests.
Renewability, circularity, and industry
Authors: Ali Saleem H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter looks into sustainability discourse revolving around the notions of renewability, circularity, and industry. It explains that biotic systems appear to show circular patterns of resource flows which subsequently lead to the biogeochemical cycles. In accordance with the field of industrial ecology, anthropogenic systems of production can mimic or harmonize with natural systems in terms of energy and material flows. The chapter then discusses resource extraction efficiency and rebound effects, referencing primary industries of an economy as the key to a more sustainable economic system. It looks into the notion of a Steady-State Economy that involves circular resource flows and a focus on sufficiency.
Understanding language
Authors: Ferreira Fernanda 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores the understanding of language. It explains that the language system is sensitive to the knowledge of the world and the plausibility of different situations. Any major delays in communication could lead to a backlog of processing operations and an eventual breakdown in communication. The chapter then provides an overview of the McGurk Effect, wherein visual information from the speaker’s face also helps listeners overcome variability in speech sounds as it serves as an additional source of information. Moreover, psycholinguists have proposed several language understanding models, such as the Garden-Path model of human parsing, the Good Enough Language Processing model, and Parallel Constraint-Based models.
Being bilingual
Authors: Ferreira Fernanda 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter focuses on bilingualism. For psycholinguists, the fundamental scientific questions about bilingualism pertain to how two language systems coexisting in a single individual are represented, managed, and coordinated. The chapter then discusses the key concept of code-switching wherein the speaker switches from one language to the other within the same sentence. Moreover, code-switching offers further evidence for the co-activation of known languages in a bilingual’s mind during production or comprehension. Initially, bilingualism was viewed as a risk factor for children’s cognitive and linguistic development, but, eventually, the motivation for these views came to be seen as rooted in bias against immigrant groups and in racist policies promoting English-only.
The psycholinguistics of sign language and gesture
Authors: Ferreira Fernanda 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the psycholinguistics of sign language and gesture. It explains that sign languages make use of the manual–visual modality and are used primarily by individuals who are Deaf, although many hearing people also choose to acquire a sign language. Similar to spoken languages, sign languages consist of linguistic units that are combined according to a set of grammatical rules. The chapter then highlights how gestures in speech contribute to people’s understanding of a sentence and language. It also considers the links between co-activation and code-switching, particularly co-activation in bi-modal bilingualism that constitutes co-activation without competition.
What’s next?
Authors: Ferreira Fernanda 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter considers the future of psycholinguistics. It explains that several major developments over the last few decades have dramatically changed the theoretical landscape and even the nature of empirical enquiry in the field. Moreover, Large Language Models (LLMs), like ChatGPT, work by using advanced computer systems designed to interpret and generate human-like text. The chapter explains how LLMs contribute to psycholinguistics by studying the extent of exposure to linguistic materials and generating grammatical strings without having been taught anything about grammar. It also provides an overview of information theory, the correlation of language processing to brain mechanisms, and diversity in psycholinguistics.