bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimated Savings From the Medicare Shared Savings Program
Authors: Ryan Andrew M. , Markovitz Adam A. 
Published: December 2023

ImportanceThe Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP) is the largest and most important alternative payment model that has been implemented by the Centers for Medicare &amp;amp; Medicaid Services (CMS). Its budgetary impact to CMS is not well understood.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between the MSSP and net savings to CMS for performance years 2013 to 2021.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe economic evaluation used publicly reported data on the MSSP from April 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021, and estimates extracted from 2 prior studies.Main Outcomes and MeasuresNet savings to CMS, calculated as the difference between incentive payments to MSSP accountable care organizations and gross spending reductions. Incentive payments were calculated using the publicly reported data. The association of the MSSP with gross medical spending in traditional Medicare was extracted from 2 prior studies. Spillovers of the MSSP to Medicare Advantage (MA) were estimated by evaluating how net spending changes from the MSSP impacted benchmark payments to MA plans. Net savings from traditional Medicare and MA were then combined.ResultsThe MSSP was associated with net losses to traditional Medicare of between $584 million and $1.423 billion over the study period. Losses from MSSP-related reductions to MA benchmarks totaled between $191 million and $640 million. Across traditional Medicare and MA, the MSSP was associated with losses of between $775 million and $2.063 billion. This represents approximately 0.028% of combined spending for traditional Medicare and MA over the study period.Conclusions and RelevanceThis economic evaluation found that the MSSP was associated with net losses to CMS. The total budget impact of the MSSP to CMS was small and continues to be uncertain due to challenges in estimating the effects of the MSSP on gross spending, particularly in recent years.
Assessment of peatland burning in Scotland during 1985–2022 using Landsat imagery
Authors: Spracklen B. D. , Spracklen D. V. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

In the Scottish uplands, prescribed burning of moorland vegetation is widely practised either to boost gamebird numbers for recreational shooting or to improve livestock grazing. In recent years, this system of land management has become controversial due to concerns over the potential impacts on ecosystem services. However, there are limited data on the extent, distribution or frequency of burning and it is unclear whether there are long‐term trends in burning. Crucially, the extent of burning on peat soils is not well known.

We used a time series of Landsat imagery covering 7750 km2 of moorland in Eastern Scotland to detect annual variation in area burnt from 1985 to 2022. Burnt areas were detected using annual changes in Normalised Burn Ratio.

An accuracy evaluation conducted over eight sites covering 415 km2 using a combination of Google Earth imagery, and field studies suggested a user's accuracy of 90% and a producer's accuracy of 77%.

We estimate an average annual mean area burnt of 61 km2 with large interannual variability and no significant change in area burnt over the 38‐year study period. We estimate that 32% of burning (19 km2 year−1) occurred on deep peat soils with no reduction in burning on deep peat after the revision of national guidelines (the Muirburn Code) in 2017 recommended ceasing this practice.

We find that in Eastern Scotland there has been no significant change in moorland area burnt over the last four decades. The fractional area burnt that is on deep peat is a matter of management concern.
Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics Utilizing Intrinsic Charge Generation in Non‐Fullerene Acceptors
Authors: Sharma Anirudh , Gasparini Nicola , Markina Anastasia , Karuthedath Safakath , Gorenflot Julien , Xu Han , Han Jianhua , Balawi Ahmed , Liu Wenlan , Bryant Daniel , Bertrandie Jules , Troughton Joel , Paleti Sri Harish Kumar , Bristow Helen , Laquai Frederic , Andrienko Denis , Baran Derya 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn organic semiconductors, a donor/acceptor heterojunction is typically required for efficient dissociation of excitons. Using transient absorption spectroscopy to study the dynamics of excited states in non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs), it is shown that NFAs can generate charges without a donor/acceptor interface. This is due to the fact that dielectric solvation provides a driving force sufficient to dissociate the excited state and form the charge‐transfer (CT) state. The CT state is further dissociated into free charges at interfaces between polycrystalline regions in neat NFAs. For IEICO‐4F, incorporating just 9 wt% donor polymer PTB7‐Th in neat films greatly boosts charge generation, enhancing efficient exciton separation into free charges. This property is utilized to fabricate donor‐dilute organic photovoltaics (OPV) delivering a power conversion efficiency of 8.3% in the case of opaque devices with a metal top‐electrode and an active layer average visible transmittance (AVT) of 75%. It is shown that the intrinsic charge generation in low‐bandgap NFAs contributes to the overall photocurrent generation. IEICO‐4F‐based OPVs with limited PTB7‐Th content have high thermal resilience demonstrating little drop in performance over 700 h. PTB7‐Th:IEICO‐4F semitransparent OPVs are leveraged to fabricate an 8‐series connected semitransparent module, demonstrating light‐utilization efficiency of 2.2% alongside an AVT of 63%.
Facile Fabrication of Flexible and High‐Performing Thermoelectrics by Direct Laser Printing on Plastic Foil
Authors: Tian Yuan , Florenciano Isidro , Xia Heyi , Li Qiyuan , Baysal Hasan Emre , Zhu Daiman , Ramunni Eduardo , Meyers Sebastian , Yu Tzu‐Yi , Baert Kitty , Hauffman Tom , Nider Souhaila , Göksel Berfu , Molina‐Lopez Francisco 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe emerging fields of wearables and the Internet of Things introduce the need for electronics and power sources with unconventional form factors: large area, customizable shape, and flexibility. Thermoelectric (TE) generators can power those systems by converting abundant waste heat into electricity, whereas the versatility of additive manufacturing suits heterogeneous form factors. Here, additive manufacturing of high‐performing flexible TEs is proposed. Maskless and large‐area patterning of Bi2Te3‐based films is performed by laser powder bed fusion directly on plastic foil. Mechanical interlocking allows simultaneous patterning, sintering, and attachment of the films to the substrate without using organic binders that jeopardize the final performance. Material waste could be minimized by recycling the unexposed powder. The particular microstructure of the laser‐printed material renders the—otherwise brittle—Bi2Te3 films highly flexible despite their high thickness. The films survive 500 extreme‐bending cycles to a 0.76 mm radius. Power factors above 1500 µW m−1K−2 and a record‐low sheet resistance for flexible TEs of 0.4 Ω sq−1 are achieved, leading to unprecedented potential for power generation. This versatile fabrication route enables innovative implementations, such as cuttable arrays adapting to specific applications in self‐powered sensing, and energy harvesting from unusual scenarios like human skin and curved hot surfaces.
19.32% Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by Fine‐Tuning Stacking Modes of Y‐Type Molecule Acceptors: Synergistic Bromine and Fluorine Substitution of the End Groups
Authors: Deng Min , Xu Xiaopeng , Duan Yuwei , Qiu Wuke , Yu Liyang , Li Ruipeng , Peng Qiang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe success of Y6‐type nonfullerene small molecule acceptors (NF‐SMAs) in polymer solar cells (PSCs) can be attributed to their unique honeycomb stacking style, which leads to favorable thin‐film morphologies. The intermolecular interactions related to the crystallization tendency of these NF‐SMAs is closely governed by their electron accepting end groups. For example, the high performance Y6 derivative L8‐BO (BTP‐4F) presents three types of stacking modes in contrast to two stacking modes of Y6. Hence, it is ultimately interesting to obtain more insight on the packing properties and the preferences influenced by chemical modifications such as end group engineering. This work designs and synthesizes asymmetric and symmetric L8‐BO derivatives with brominated end groups and explores the stacking preferences in various modes. The asymmetric BTP‐3FBr displays an optimized crystallization tendency and thin film morphology, leading to a decent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.34% in binary devices and a top PCE of 19.32% in ternary devices containing 15 wt% IDIC as the second acceptor.
Organic High‐Temperature Synaptic Phototransistors for Energy‐Efficient Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Guo Ziyi , Zhang Junyao , Yang Ben , Li Li , Liu Xu , Xu Yutong , Wu Yue , Guo Pu , Sun Tongrui , Dai Shilei , Liang Haixia , Wang Jun , Zou Yidong , Xiong Lize , Huang Jia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOrganic optoelectronic synaptic devices that can reliably operate in high‐temperature environments (i.e., beyond 121°C) or remain stable after high‐temperature treatments have significant potential in biomedical electronics and bionic robotic engineering. However, it is challenging to acquire this type of organic devices considering the thermal instability of conventional organic materials and the degradation of photoresponse mechanisms at high temperatures. Here, high‐temperature synaptic phototransistors (HTSPs) based on thermally stable semiconductor polymer blends as the photosensitive layer are developed, successfully simulating fundamental optical‐modulated synaptic characteristics at a wide operating temperature range from room temperature to 220°C. Robust optoelectronic performance can be observed in HTSPs even after experiencing 750 h of the double 85 testing due to the enhanced operational reliability. Using HTSPs, Morse‐code optical decoding scheme and the visual object recognition capability are also verified at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, flexible HTSPs are fabricated, demonstrating an ultralow power consumption of 12.3 aJ per synaptic event at a low operating voltage of −0.05 mV. Overall, the conundrum of achieving reliable optical‐modulated neuromorphic applications while balancing low power consumption can be effectively addressed. This research opens up a simple but effective avenue for the development of high‐temperature and energy‐efficient wearable optoelectronic devices in neuromorphic computing applications.
Flavin‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative C−C Bond Formation by Metal/Light‐Free Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling
Authors: Miyake Hazuki , Iida Hiroki 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBiomimetic flavin catalysts enable green and selective aerobic oxidative transformations. However, most previous studies tended to focus on reproducing the enzymatic function of flavin monooxygenase, thereby limiting the applications of flavin catalysts to oxygen‐atom transfer reactions. We herein report a cross‐dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) between the sp3 C−H bond of tetrahydroisoquinolines and the sp3 and sp2 C−H bonds of carbon nucleophiles, such as α‐methylene carbonyl compounds, nitromethane, and indoles, for C−C bond formation promoted by flavin catalysts. Flavin catalysis enables the oxidative C−H activation of tetrahydroisoquinolines and the efficient activation of molecular oxygen (1 atm) under mild and metal/light‐free conditions, thus facilitating a green aerobic CDC that generates benign water as the sole by‐product.
Stereoselective Copper‐Catalyzed Olefination of Imines
Authors: Baumann James E. , Chung Crystal P. , Lalic Gojko 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlkenes are an important class of organic molecules found among synthetic intermediates and bioactive compounds. They are commonly synthesized through stoichiometric Wittig‐type olefination of carbonyls and imines, using ylides or their equivalents. Despite the importance of Wittig‐type olefination reactions, their catalytic variants remain underdeveloped. We explored the use of transition metal catalysis to form ylide equivalents from readily available starting materials. Our investigation led to a new copper‐catalyzed olefination of imines with alkenyl boronate esters as coupling partners. We identified a heterobimetallic complex, obtained by hydrocupration of the alkenyl boronate esters, as the key catalytic intermediate that serves as an ylide equivalent. The high E‐selectivity observed in the reaction is due to the stereoselective addition of this intermediate to an imine, followed by stereospecific anti‐elimination.
Unveiling the Latest Advancements in Vanadium Carbide MXene based Supercapacitors and their Future Trends
Authors: Karamat S. , Kashif M. , Anwar Sameen , Batool Unsia , Talha Muhammad , Khalique Uzma , Rahman Mohammed M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractVanadium‐carbide‐based MXenes have bewitched the scientific community due to their distinctive characteristics, which make them potential candidates for several technological applications, such as supercapacitors (SCs), batteries, gas separation, biological sensors, and desalination. This article provides an overview of recent developments in the synthesis and applications of vanadium‐carbide MXene in SCs. Vanadium carbide is one of the most difficult MXenes to synthesize, and various synthesis techniques, including electrochemical exfoliation and chemical etching, have been utilized to fabricate this material. Additionally, the review article also emphasizes the potential use of vanadium carbide MXene as SCs. Finally, the paper concludes with the challenges faced in the synthesis process and the prospects of vanadium carbide MXene‐based material fabrication. Overall, this review article provides in‐depth and detailed information on recent research on vanadium carbide MXene and its possible uses.
TMSCl Promoted Direct Conversion of Cyclic Anhydrides to (Un)Symmetric‐Diesters/Amide Esters
Authors: Johny Meera , Manikandan Amuda , Rajendar Goreti 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe present a mild, efficient, and one‐pot method for the silyl‐promoted transformation of cyclic anhydrides into homo‐ and hetero‐dicarboxylic acid diesters and amide esters. This versatile reaction operates under ambient conditions, on a gram scale, and accommodates a wide range of alcohols, amines, and cyclic anhydrides. The one‐pot process involves a two‐step sequence, starting with the nucleophilic opening of anhydride by an amine or alcohol, followed by esterification. TMSCl serves a dual role, acting as a sacrificial reagent to removein situwater and as a Lewis acid to promote the anhydride opening. The reaction proceeds successfully in the absence and presence of a base, as confirmed by NMR and crossover experiments, which validated the formation of dicarboxylic acid monoester and alkyl silyl mixed diester respectively. Controlled experiments have shown that the one‐pot process yields higher efficiencies when compared to the same reaction conducted using a two‐step process. This is the first comprehensive study demonstrating a broad substrate scope for the conversion of cyclic anhydride into diesters and amide esters. The method finds application in the synthesis of various commercial plasticizers.
Gender diversity in a Chinese community sample and its associations with autism traits
Authors: van der Miesen Anna I. R. , Shi Sylvia Yun , Lei Hoi Ching , Ngan Cho Lam , VanderLaan Doug P. , Wong Wang Ivy 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that gender dysphoria or gender diversity (GD) intersects frequently with autism spectrum disorder or autism traits. However, the magnitude and interpretation of this link continue to be debated. Most child studies on this topic were performed in clinical populations, and little is known about the generalizability of this co‐occurrence to the broader community, especially to non‐Western samples. Also, little is known about whether specific subdomains of autism are more strongly associated with GD. Therefore, we investigated GD and its association with autism traits in a Chinese community sample of 4–12‐year‐olds (N = 379; 51% birth‐assigned girls). Parents provided information about GD characteristics using the standardized Gender Identity Questionnaire for Children and autism traits using the Chinese version of the Autism‐Spectrum Quotient‐Children. In addition, broader behavioral and emotional challenges were measured by the Behavior Problem Index (BPI) to account for psychological challenges other than autism traits. In this community sample of Chinese children, increased GD was associated with increased autism traits, even after accounting for the BPI. Of the four subscales, the Imagination and Patterns subscales in birth‐assigned girls and the Imagination subscale in birth‐assigned boys were especially associated with GD. These findings indicate that the association between GD and autism traits generalizes to a nonclinical, non‐Western sample. Clinicians and researchers working with clinical as well as community children should thus pay attention to the co‐occurrence of GD and autism traits, in and outside the West.
Exploring the dynamics of astaxanthin production in Haematococcus pluvialis biofilms using a rotating biofilm‐based system
Authors: Morgado David , Fanesi Andrea , Martin Thierry , Tebbani Sihem , Bernard Olivier , Lopes Filipa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMicroalgae biofilm emerged as a solid alternative to conventional suspended cultures which present high operative costs and complex harvesting processes. Among several designs, rotating biofilm‐based systems stand out for their scalability, although their primary applications have been in wastewater treatment and aquaculture. In this work, a rotating system was utilized to produce a high‐value compound (astaxanthin) using Haematococcus pluvialis biofilms. The effect of nitrogen regime, light intensity, and light history on biofilm traits was assessed to better understand how to efficiently operate the system. Our results show that H. pluvialis biofilms follow the classical growth stages described for bacterial biofilms (from adhesion to maturation) and that a two‐stage (green and red stages) allowed to reach astaxanthin productivities of 204 mg m−2 d−1. The higher light intensity applied during the red stage (400 and 800 µmol m−2 s−1) combined with nitrogen depletion stimulated similar astaxanthin productivities. However, by training the biofilms during the green stage, using mild‐light intensity (200 µmol m−2 s−1), a process known as priming, the final astaxanthin productivity was enhanced by 40% with respect to biofilms pre‐exposed to 50 µmol m−2 s−1. Overall, this study shows the possibility of utilizing rotating microalgae biofilms to produce high‐value compounds laying the foundation for further biotechnological applications of these emerging systems.
Assessment of 2022 European LeukemiaNet risk classification system in real‐world cohort from China
Authors: Chen Enbo , Jiao Changqing , Yu Jian , Gong Yu , Jin Duo , Ma Xiaoyu , Cui Jianling , Wu Zhonghui , Zhou Junjie , Wang Haixia , Su Bobing , Ge Jian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe European LeukemiaNet (ELN) risk classification system for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients has been used worldwide. In 2022, the ELN risk classification system modified risk genes including CEBPA mutation status, myelodysplasia‐related (MR) gene mutations and internal tandem duplications of FLT3 (FLT3‐ITD).MethodsWe include newly diagnosed de novo AML patients at our center from January 2017 to December 2021, regardless of the further treatment received. Clinical data and date of survival were included. Survival analysis were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and the log‐rank test was used to compare survival between different risk groups.ResultsWe include 363 newly diagnosed de novo AML patients from 2017 to 2021 to assess the accuracy of the ELN risk classification system. Their survival results show that the ELN‐2022 risk classification system is not superior to the ELN‐2017 version; for patients with FLT3‐ITD mutations but without FLT3 inhibitor treatment, their survival is similar to the ELN‐2022 adverse risk group. The ELN‐2022 risk classification system cannot accurately clarify ECOG performance status (PS) 2–4 patients, especially in the ELN‐2022 favorable risk group.ConclusionThe ELN‐2022 risk stratification system may not be appropriate for patients unable to receive intensive therapy or FLT3 inhibitor; more real‐world data is needed to straify patients with worse ECOG PS and inferior intensive therapy.
Prognostic gene expression profile testing to inform use of adjuvant therapy: A survey of melanoma experts
Authors: Fastner Suzanne , Shen Nathan , Hartman Rebecca I. , Chu Emily Y. , Kim Caroline C. , Kirkwood John M. , Grossman Douglas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate current practices and attitudes regarding use of adjuvant immunotherapy and prognostic gene expression profile (GEP) testing among melanoma medical and surgical oncologists.MethodsAn anonymous RedCap‐based survey was emailed to ~300 melanoma experts.ResultsRespondents generally favored adjuvant immunotherapy over observation (73% for all Stage IIIA, 50% for Stage IIB/IIC) and cited a minimum 10‐year recurrence risk of 11%–20% (48%) or 21%–30% (33%) to justify treatment, but acknowledged that risks of serious adverse events may outweigh potential benefits for some Stage IIB/IIC patients. While GEP test results did not strongly influence decision‐making regarding follow‐up or intervention, most were receptive to randomized trials using GEP testing to identify subsets of Stage IIB/IIC (74%) and Stage IB/IIA (54%) patients who may not or may, respectively, benefit from adjuvant therapy.ConclusionAlthough most respondents do not routinely use GEP testing, many would participate in clinical trials to determine clinical utility.
The causal relationship between osteoarthritis and bladder cancer: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Xi , Wen Zengjin , Xing Zixuan , Zhou Xiaoyu , Yang Zhiluo , Dong Ruijun , Yang Jiao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe causal association between osteoarthritis (OA) and bladder cancer remains unclear. This Mendelian randomization (MR) study was carried out to assess the potential causal effects of any OA, knee OA and hip OA, and bladder cancer.MethodGenome‐wide association study (GWAS) summary data for OA and bladder cancer were obtained in GWAS CATALOG, UK Biobank, and FinnGen Consortium. Inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) approach was primarily conducted to evaluate the causal relationships between OA and bladder cancer, and MR‐Egger intercept and Cochran's Q test were mainly used to estimate heterogeneity and pleiotropy. MR‐PRESSO was used to test the presence of horizontal outliers. Leave‐one‐out analysis was utilized to ensure the reliability of the results.ResultsA higher genetic predisposition to any OA has a causal association with bladder cancer risk, while neither knee OA nor hip OA is causally linked to bladder cancer. MR‐Egger intercept analysis exhibited that any OA and knee OA had no pleiotropic effect on the risk of bladder cancer, and Cochran's Q test showed that any OA, knee OA and hip OA had no heterogeneity on bladder cancer risk. Neither MR PRESSO analysis nor leave‐one‐out analysis revealed any outlier SNPs.ConclusionsThis MR study exhibited a positive cause‐and‐effect relationship between any type of OA and bladder cancer risk, but not between site‐specific OA, knee OA and hip OA, and bladder cancer. Attention should be paid to the screening and prevention of bladder cancer in OA patients at any site.