bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On‐Surface Synthesis of Edge‐Extended Zigzag Graphene Nanoribbons
Authors: Kinikar Amogh , Xu Xiushang , Giovannantonio Marco Di , Gröning Oliver , Eimre Kristjan , Pignedoli Carlo A. , Müllen Klaus , Narita Akimitsu , Ruffieux Pascal , Fasel Roman 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGraphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have gained significant attention in nanoelectronics due to their potential for precise tuning of electronic properties through variations in edge structure and ribbon width. However, the synthesis of GNRs with highly sought‐after zigzag edges (ZGNRs), critical for spintronics and quantum information technologies, remains challenging. In this study, a design motif for synthesizing a novel class of GNRs termed edge‐extended ZGNRs is presented. This motif enables the controlled incorporation of edge extensions along the zigzag edges at regular intervals. The synthesis of a specific GNR instance—a 3‐zigzag‐rows‐wide ZGNR—with bisanthene units fused to the zigzag edges on alternating sides of the ribbon axis is successfully demonstrated. The resulting edge‐extended 3‐ZGNR is comprehensively characterized for its chemical structure and electronic properties using scanning probe techniques, complemented by density functional theory calculations. The design motif showcased here opens up new possibilities for synthesizing a diverse range of edge‐extended ZGNRs, expanding the structural landscape of GNRs and facilitating the exploration of their structure‐dependent electronic properties.
Regulating Isolated‐Molecular and Aggregated‐State Phosphorescence for Multicolor Afterglow by Photoactivation
Authors: Gao Yanhua , Ye Wenpeng , Qiu Kefan , Zheng Xifang , Yan Shuanma , Wang Zhaoyu , An Zhongfu , Shi Huifang , Huang Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUltralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) materials have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Herein, a new type of flexible films is fabricated by doping amphipathic pyrene tetrasulfonic acid sodium salts into amorphous poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix, which enables the realization of color‐tunable UOP spanning from orange‐red to green after excitation light is switched off. Interestingly, precise control of the proportion of isolated‐molecular and aggregated‐state phosphorescence is demonstrated for colorful afterglow using photo‐activation. An increase in the dynamic phosphorescence lifetime of isolated molecules is observed from 894.75 to 1735.71 ms following an 8 min irradiation under ambient conditions. The photo‐activation, however, showed little influence on aggreated‐state phosphorescence. This flexible and processable film exhibits versatile applications in multicolor afterglow displays, ultraviolet detection, multilevel information encryption, etc. This study not only provides a strategy for the rational regulation of UOP colors but also expands the application potential of color‐tunable UOP materials.
Organic Bilayer Heterostructures with Built‐In Exciton Conversion for 2D Photonic Encryption
Authors: Wu Bin , Zheng Min , Zhuo Ming‐Peng , Zhao Yu‐Dong , Su Yang , Fan Jian‐Zhong , Luo Peng , Gu Lin‐Feng , Che Zong‐Lu , Wang Zuo‐Shan , Wang Xue‐Dong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOrganic multilayer heterostructures with accurate spatial organization demonstrate strong light‐matter interaction from excitonic responses and efficient carrier transfer across heterojunction interfaces, which are considered as promising candidates toward advanced optoelectronics. However, the precise regulation of the heterojunction surface area for finely adjusting exciton conversion and energy transfer is still formidable. Herein, organic bilayer heterostructures (OBHs) with controlled face‐to‐face heterojunction via a stepwise seeded growth strategy, which is favorable for efficient exciton propagation and conversion of optical interconnects are designed and synthesized. Notably, the relative position and overlap length ratio of component microwires (LDSA/LBPEA = 0.39–1.15) in OBHs are accurately regulated by modulating the crystallization time of seeded crystals, resulting into a tailored heterojunction surface area (R = Loverlap/LBPEA = 37.6%–65.3%). These as‐prepared OBHs present the excitation position‐dependent waveguide behaviors for optical outcoupling characteristics with tunable emission colors and intensities, which are applied into two‐dimensional (2D) photonic barcodes. This strategy opens a versatile avenue to purposely design OBHs with tailored heterojunctions for efficient energy transfer and exciton conversion, facilitating the application possibilities of advanced integrated optoelectronics.
Soil health, microbial communities, and annual ryegrass yield under contrasting management practices
Authors: Mateu Martina Gonzalez , Domnariu Horia , Moore Amber D. , Trippe Kristin M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBiological indicators are often used to evaluate the effect of management practices on soil health. However, determining which indicators can detect changes in soil health after implementation of conservation practices and how these indicators relate to plant growth in grass seed production systems remains unclear. The goal of this study was to explore the relationships between management practice history, soil health metrics, plant growth, and soil microbial communities in annual ryegrass grown under greenhouse conditions. Soils were collected from 12 annual ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum (L.) Husnot] fields managed under conventional (till/bale) or conservation (no‐till/full straw) management practices, with three silt loams and three silty clay loams collected for each practice. Annual ryegrass was grown for 5 months on each of the 12 soils in a greenhouse. Soils with a history of conservation management improved the majority of the carbon cycling‐related metrics for the silt loam soils. Management practices had no effect on seed yield, however, conservation management significantly improved aboveground biomass in silty clay loam soils. Contrasting management practices resulted in distinct microbial communities, making them sensitive indicators of changes in soil conditions. Soil health and plant metrics were positively associated with the microbial communities in soils under conservation management. Total C and organic matter were positively correlated to plant parameters in silt loams, while few indicators were correlated to plant metrics in silty clay loams. These results highlight the complex interplay between microbial communities, soil health, and plant growth and the importance of considering inherent soil properties like texture.
A hybrid simulation framework for predicting virus impacts on Chinese cabbage yields
Authors: Kyoung Kim Min , Kim Sojung , Kim Sumin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSustainable production of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapaL.) is essential for the economy and food security in South Korea. However, climate change poses significant threats to its growth and quality. Changes in precipitation patterns, such as drought and heavy rain, can affect the development of crop, leading to stunted growth or disease. This can lead to significant losses in crop yield. In this study, a hybrid modeling system was developed to predict the incidence of viral disease and evaluate impacts of combination of virus infection and environmental variabilities (including climate and location) on marketable cabbage yields. The crop growth model was successfully developed using a limited number (n = 7) of previous studies (root mean square error 0.25–0.33 Mg ha−1,R2 = 0.87–0.99). The developed hybrid modeling system was composed of a virus incident model and a crop growth model. According to simulated results, all study locations had around 20% incidence rates. However, based on the simulation results, the rates of viral disease incidence varied depending on the climate of each year. Among several climatic factors, precipitation had the greatest effect on virus outbreaks. Jeju Island, which had relatively high rainfall, had a higher disease incidence rate than other provinces. According to shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), in SSP245 (an intermediate development pathway), the yield of 1.58 Mg ha−1was reduced to 1.26 Mg ha−1due to a 25% viral disease outbreak. In SSP585 (a high development pathway), with an incidence of 23%, the yield was reduced by 0.2 Mg ha−1. These results will be useful for efficiently cultivating crops under various climatic conditions and seeking management methods to minimize damage from viral disease.
Proton pump inhibitors and dementia: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Pourhadi Nelsan , Janbek Janet , Jensen‐Dahm Christina , Gasse Christiane , Laursen Thomas Munk , Waldemar Gunhild 
Published: October 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may increase dementia risk. However, it is currently unknown whether timing of exposure or age at dementia diagnosis influence the risk.METHODSWe assessed associations between cumulative PPI use and dementia at different ages in a nationwide Danish cohort of 1,983,785 individuals aged 60 to 75 years between 2000 and 2018.RESULTSDuring follow‐up, there were 99,384 all‐cause dementia incidences. Incidence rate ratio (IRR) of dementia with PPI ever‐use compared with never‐use was 1.36 (95% CI, 1.29 to 1.43) for age 60 to 69 years at diagnosis, 1.12 (1.09 to 1.15) for 70 to 79 years, 1.06 (1.03 to 1.09) for 80 to 89 years, and 1.03 (0.91 to 1.17) for 90+ years. Longer treatment duration yielded increasing IRRs. For cases below 90 years, increased dementia rate was observed regardless of treatment initiation up to >15 years before diagnosis.DISCUSSIONRegardless of timing of treatment initiation, PPI use was associated with increased dementia rate before age 90 years. Dementia rates increased with younger age at diagnosis.Highlights
After following 1,983,785 individuals for a median of 10 years, 99,384 developed dementia
PPIs were used by 21.2% of cases and 18.9% of controls
PPI use was associated with increased dementia rate regardless of time of treatment onset
Magnitude of associations increased with younger age at diagnosis
PPI use was not associated with dementia occurring after age 90 years
La3+ and Al3+ loaded D151 as salt‐resistant resins for efficient adsorption of glyphosate: Effects of ionic radius
Authors: Xie Huixian , Xiao Guqing , Song Qingwen , Meng Qiudong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLa3+ and Al3+ loaded D151 resin [R‐La and R‐Al, respectively] were used as salt‐resistant resins for the efficient adsorption of glyphosate. The results showed that La3+ with a larger ionic radius could accommodate more glyphosate as ligands, resulting in higher glyphosate adsorption capacity of R‐La than that of R‐Al. Both R‐La and R‐Al exhibited maximum adsorption capacities at pH 2.52, where glyphosate existed in its ionization equilibrium of pKa2. Consistent with the larger ionic radius of La3+, R‐La featured larger qm and KL than R‐Al at the same temperature. Owing to the smaller radius of Al3+, the enthalpy values for the coordination adsorption of glyphosate by R‐Al were larger than those of R‐La at the same adsorption capacity. Owing to the smaller radius of Al3+, R‐Al exhibited stronger coordination adsorption for glyphosate and significantly higher salt tolerance than R‐La. The adsorption mechanisms indicated that both R‐La and R‐Al could adsorb glyphosate through the coordination of La3+ and Al3+ with O atoms of the phosphonate group of glyphosate. At a NaCl concentration range of 0–16%, R‐Al featured excellent salt tolerance and highly stable glyphosate adsorption capacity than 330, D301, R‐La, and the 14 adsorbents reported in the literature.
A structured review on game‐based learning applied to electrical power and energy engineering
Authors: Giraldo Juan S. , Kok Koen , Paterakis Nikolaos G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIt has been reported that electrical engineering schools might be facing a decline in newly enrolled students combined with an increase in the number of dropouts due to motivation and engagement problems. At the same time, companies in the electric power industry require safe and realistic training environments for their trainees to reduce induction program times, costs, and accidents. Game‐based learning (GBL) applications offer alternatives in both sectors, that is, education and training, for increasing engagement, motivation, and knowledge transfer in controlled environments. This paper aims to show applications of GBL techniques towards educational and training objectives in electrical power and energy systems in the period spanning from 2002 to 2021. This review points to two main research questions: what GBL tools have been used for education and training purposes in electrical power and energy systems during 2002 to 2021? Also, what are the methodologies used for assessing the efficacy of using GBL applications in electrical power and energy systems? A structured review methodology was applied to identify how GBL has been used in electrical power and energy systems. A total of 81 papers were selected for full review. The procedure included the formulation of research questions, identification and selection of studies, and data synthesis of results. Our review showed that most GBL applications in electrical power and energy systems were developed with education purposes (63%), from which 29% used graphic user interfaces and 23% used serious games. On the other hand, for training purposes, the most popular GBL tool was virtual reality, applications of which were discussed in 56% of the reviewed papers. The review also showed that only 42% of the education papers and 37% of the training papers performed learning efficacy analyses; in which qualitative postevaluations or postsurveys were the most popular methodologies used in over 50% of those papers.
Prediction model of ocular metastasis from primary liver cancer: Machine learning‐based development and interpretation study
Authors: Sun Jin‐Qi , Wu Shi‐Nan , Mou Zheng‐Lin , Wen Jia‐Yi , Wei Hong , Zou Jie , Li Qing‐Jian , Liu Zhao‐Lin , Xu San Hua , Kang Min , Ling Qian , Huang Hui , Chen Xu , Wang Yi‐Xin , Liao Xu‐Lin , Tan Gang , Shao Yi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundOcular metastasis (OM) is a rare metastatic site of primary liver cancer (PLC). The purpose of this study was to establish a clinical predictive model of OM in PLC patients based on machine learning (ML).MethodsWe retrospectively collected the clinical data of 1540 PLC patients and divided it into a training set and an internal test set in a 7:3 proportion. PLC patients were divided into OM and non‐ocular metastasis (NOM) groups, and univariate logistic regression analysis was performed between the two groups. The variables with univariate logistic analysis p < 0.05 were selected for the ML model. We constructed six ML models, which were internally verified by 10‐fold cross‐validation. The prediction performance of each ML model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs). We also constructed a web calculator based on the optimal performance ML model to personalize the risk probability for OM.ResultsSix variables were selected for the ML model. The extreme gradient boost (XGB) ML model achieved the optimal differential diagnosis ability, with an area under the curve (AUC) = 0.993, accuracy = 0.992, sensitivity = 0.998, and specificity = 0.984. Based on these results, an online web calculator was constructed by using the XGB ML model to help clinicians diagnose and treat the risk probability of OM in PLC patients. Finally, the Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) library was used to obtain the six most important risk factors for OM in PLC patients: CA125, ALP, AFP, TG, CA199, and CEA.ConclusionWe used the XGB model to establish a risk prediction model of OM in PLC patients. The predictive model can help identify PLC patients with a high risk of OM, provide early and personalized diagnosis and treatment, reduce the poor prognosis of OM patients, and improve the quality of life of PLC patients.
Analysis of the cost‐effectiveness of proton beam therapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer in Japan
Authors: Hiroshima Yuichi , Kondo Masahide , Sawada Takuya , Hoshi Shu‐ling , Okubo Reiko , Iizumi Takashi , Numajiri Haruko , Okumura Toshiyuki , Sakurai Hideyuki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundProton beam therapy (PBT) has recently been included in Japan's social health insurance benefits package. This study aimed to determine the cost‐effectiveness of PBT for unresectable, locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) as a replacement for conventional photon radiotherapy (RT).MethodsWe estimated the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) of PBT as a replacement for three‐dimensional conformal RT (3DCRT), a conventional photon RT, using clinical evidence in the literature and expense complemented by expert opinions. We used a decision tree and an economic and Markov model to illustrate the disease courses followed by LAPC patients. Effectiveness was estimated as quality‐adjusted life years (QALY) using utility weights for the health state. Social insurance fees were calculated as the costs. The stability of the ICER against the assumptions made was appraised using sensitivity analyses.ResultsThe effectiveness of PBT and 3DCRT was 1.67610615 and 0.97181271 QALY, respectively. The ICER was estimated to be ¥5,376,915 (US$46,756) per QALY. According to the suggested threshold for anti‐cancer therapy from the Japanese authority of ¥7,500,000 (US$65,217) per QALY gain, such a replacement would be considered cost‐effective. The one‐way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses demonstrated stability of the base‐case ICER.ConclusionPBT, as a replacement for conventional photon radiotherapy, is cost‐effective and justifiable as an efficient use of finite healthcare resources. Making it a standard treatment option and available to every patient in Japan is socially acceptable from the perspective of health economics.
Nanotechnology‐Based Strategies for Extended‐Release Delivery of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs): A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Haji Ali Bahareh , Shirvaliloo Milad , Fathi‐Karkan Sonia , Mirinejad Shekoufeh , Ulucan‐Karnak Fulden , Sargazi Saman , Sargazi Sara , Sheervalilou Roghayeh , Rahman Mohammed M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere has been a significant shift in the perception of hypertension as an important contributor to the global disease burden. Approximately 6 % and 8 % of pregnancies are affected by hypertension, which can adversely affect the mother and the fetus. Furthermore, a hypertensive individual is at increased risk of developing kidney disease, arterial hardening, eye damage, and strokes. Using angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) is widespread in treating hypertension, heart failure, coronary artery disease, and diabetic nephropathy. Despite this, some ARBs have limited use due to their poor oral bioavailability and water solubility. To tackle this, a variety of nanoparticle (NP)‐based systems, such as polymeric NPs (i. e., dendrimers), polymeric micelles, polymer‐drug conjugates, lipid NPs, nanoemulsions, self‐emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), solid lipid NPs (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), carbon‐based nanocarriers, inorganic NPs, and nanocrystals, have been recently developed for efficient delivery of losartan, Valsartan (Val), Olmesartan (OLM), Telmisartan (TEL), Candesartan, Eprosartan, Irbesartan, and Azilsartan to target cells. This review article provides a literature‐based comparison of the various classes of ARBs, their mechanisms of action, and an overview of the nanoformulations developed for ARB delivery and successfully applied to managing hypertension, diabetic complications, and other conditions.
Female intravesical foreign body penetrating the bladder wall: A rare case of traditional Asian hair stickkanzashi
Authors: Arai Masahiro , Takeshita Hideki , Hirata Wataru , Tachibana Kojiro , Nagamoto Shoichi , Kitayama Sachi , Yano Akihiro , Okada Yohei , Kawakami Satoru 
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical MessageA female in her thirties inserted an Asian traditional hair stick,kanzashi, into her urinary bladder for sexual gratification. We need to know that everyday objects can become bladder foreign bodies and how to manage them properly.
The effect of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage on smoking status, quit attempts, and receipt of cessation support among adults with cancer: Results from nine ECOG‐ACRIN Cancer Research Group trials
Authors: Walter Angela Wangari , Lee Ju‐Whei , Streck Joanna M. , Gareen Ilana F. , Herman Benjamin A. , Kircher Sheetal M. , Carlos Ruth C. , Kumar Shaji K. , Mayer Ingrid A. , Saba Nabil F. , Fenske Timothy S. , Neal Joel W. , Atkins Michael B. , Hodi Frank S. , Kyriakopoulos Christos E. , Tempany‐Afdhal Clare M. , Shanafelt Tait D. , Wagner Lynne I. , Land Stephanie R. , Ostroff Jamie S. , Park Elyse R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundTobacco use is associated with adverse outcomes among patients diagnosed with cancer. Socioeconomic determinants influence access and utilization of tobacco treatment; little is known about the relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage (NSD) and tobacco assessment, assistance, and cessation among patients diagnosed with cancer.MethodsA modified Cancer Patient Tobacco Use Questionnaire (C‐TUQ) was administered to patients enrolled in nine ECOG‐ACRIN clinical trials. We examined associations of NSD with (1) smoking status, (2) receiving tobacco cessation assessment and support, and (3) cessation behaviors. NSD was classified by tertiles of the Area Deprivation Index. Associations between NSD and tobacco variables were evaluated using logistic regression.ResultsA total of 740 patients completing the C‐TUQ were 70% male, 94% White, 3% Hispanic, mean age 58.8 years. Cancer diagnoses included leukemia 263 (36%), lymphoma 141 (19%), prostate 131 (18%), breast 79 (11%), melanoma 69 (9%), myeloma 53 (7%), and head and neck 4 (0.5%). A total of 402 (54%) never smoked, 257 (35%) had formerly smoked, and 81 (11%) were currently smoking. Patients in high disadvantaged neighborhoods were approximately four times more likely to report current smoking (odds ratio [OR], 3.57; 95% CI, 1.69–7.54; p = .0009), and more likely to report being asked about smoking (OR, 4.24; 95% CI, 1.64–10.98; p = .0029), but less likely to report receiving counseling (OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.02–0.58; p = .0086) versus those in the least disadvantaged neighborhoods.ConclusionsGreater neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with smoking but less cessation support. Increased cessation support in cancer care is needed, particularly for patients from disadvantaged neighborhoods.
Appearance and recurrence of odontogenic keratocysts
Authors: Pylkkö Jaakko , Willberg Jaana , Suominen Auli , Laine Hanna K. , Rautava Jaana 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the appearance, histopathological features, and recurrence of odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) from a large single institute registry over a 36‐year period.Materials and MethodsA total of 226 cases of OKC were identified in 174 patients over a 36‐year period in a single institute in Southwestern Finland. Histological specimens were re‐evaluated. The patient's age, sex, location, recurrence, and histopathological features of the OKC were the study variables.ResultsOKCs occurred more frequently in men, the mean age was 46 years, and the most frequent site was the lower jaw. Recurrence rate was 21%. Histopathologically, inflammation was present in 95% and satellite cysts in 10% of cases. In patients diagnosed with satellite cysts, OKC recurred in 50% of cases, while the corresponding figure for patients without satellite cysts was 17%.ConclusionsCompared with the literature, patients were older and inflamed cysts were found more frequently. Satellite cysts occurred only in association with chronic inflammation. Based on the results, regular radiographic evaluation is important among patients aged 10–29 years to detect OKCs and to treat them before enlargement, infection, and inflammation. Satellite cysts should be reported and may be a sign of increased risk of OKC recurrence.