bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure of a 320‐dpi 4‐inch a‐Si:H TFT Reflective Stacked Crossed Guest‐Host Display
Authors: Takeda K. , Hasegawa M. , Sakaguchi Y. , Taira Y. , Egelhaaf J. , Lueder E. , Lowe A. C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe have developed a 320‐dpi a‐Si:H TFT reflective stacked crossed guest‐host display, in which a thin polymer film is used to separate two orthogonally aligned nematic guest‐host liquid crystal layers, avoiding parallax and the need to drive the two layers independently. A newly designed pattern of photolithographically defined spacers that hold the thin film in a precise position and the assembly process for the stacked structure are described.
Numerical Approach of Physical Behaviors in Fluorinated Nematic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Xu J. , Okada H. , Sugimori S. , Onnagawa H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA numerical approach of physical behaviors in fluorinated liquid crystals has been investigated. The molecular parameters, such as dipole moment and polarizability were calculated using a semiempirical molecular orbital (MO) method. Using these molecular parameters and the Maier‐Meier theory, the temperature dependence of the dielectric anisotropy divided by the order parameter (Δ∍/S) has been estimated. In addition, taking the temperature dependence of the order parameter S into account, the temperature dependence of the dielectric anisotropy Δ∍ has been estimated. The calculated results are in good agreement with experimental results.
Alignment Influence on binary Nematic liquid Crystals Gratings
Authors: Bouvier M. , Scharf T. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractComputer simulations of the director reorientation of nematic liquid crystals (NLC) in spatially non‐homogeneous electric fields are used to characterize NLC diffractive gratings. The resulting phase modulation and far‐field propagation pattern is compared with measurements for binary gratings.
32,2: The development of the new low resistive material bus‐line process with super high aperture ratio for high resolution TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Nakabu Shigeo , Yano Kouzou , Katayama Mikio , Hirobe Toshihiko , Tarui Tetsuya , Hibino Yoshitaka , Voutsas Tolis 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe TFT‐alley process for high resolution and large screen size TFT‐LCD such as 20UXGA (1600×1200) is developed without the need for extra processing steps. A demonstrated novel process uses Pure‐Al metal as gate and source electrode with low dielectric interlayer, which can result in achieving high performance a‐Si TFT with high yield. 18.1SXGA(1280×1024) panel was already introduced in the mass production and achieved high cost performance with high aperture ratio.
33.2: Study of the Dynamics of the Disclinations of Reflective TN‐LCDS by Using a High‐Resolution Digital Camera
Authors: Ho K. C. , Lu M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA study of the dynamic evolution of disclinations in a liquid crystal display is reported for the first time. Using a high resolution digital camera, the case of the disclinations in a normally black, reflective, TN cell under column inversion driving is studied. It is found that the distorted fringe field dominated regions are independent of the pixel pitch, while the switching of the central portion of the normal domain is affected by the pitch of the pixels. For the pixels larger than 20um, the reflectivity of the central portion is comparable to the intensity at frame inversion. The intensity loss is mainly due to fringe field regions. For 10um pixel, the normal tilt domain is hardly switched due to strong influence of fringe field, resulting in a substantial loss in intensity. We describe a pixel switching model of the average display intensity that agrees reasonably well with the large area intensity measured by thez photodiode.
Fringe‐Field Effects In Reflective CMOS LCD Design Optimization
Authors: Ji Y. , Gandhi J. , Stefanov M. E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractReflective CMOS LCD light valves have high brightness and high information content. Unlike direct view displays, microdisplays also have interpixel spacing several time smaller than the cell gap. This in combination with the small pixel formats lead to fringe‐field effects having a significant impact on the effective display brightness and contrast of μLCD's.
34.2: Functional Light‐Guide Plate for Backlight Unit
Authors: Käläntär K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAn array of piano‐convex optical micro reflectors are designed, fabricated and inserted on the back surface of a light guide plate (LGP) to control the emanating direction over the backlight. The reflectors are formed on a mold and in an injection of the LGP.
High Performance, Low‐Power Integrated 8‐bit Digital Data Driver for Poly‐Si TFT‐LCD's
Authors: Lee Seung‐Woo , Chung Hoon‐Ju , Lee Jin‐Woo , Han Chul‐Hi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA high performance, low‐power 8‐bit digital data driver for poly‐Si TFT‐LCD's has been proposed. A self‐switched divided shift register, a new C‐2C D/A converter with γ‐correction, and a new simple analog buffer are integrated with highly reliable poly‐Si TFT technology.
36.3: Reflective Microdisplays for Projection or Virtual‐View Applications
Authors: Morrissy J. H. , Pfeiffer M. , Schott D. , Vithana H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractReflective Microdisplays, based on reflective CMOS silicon backplanes coupled to an LCD electro‐optic display mode, have been optimized for both projection and virtual view applications. We show that this requires different silicon backplane designs as well as different electro‐optic modes and we present performance data for each system.
Development of a 7‐in. WIDE Screen Full‐Color FED
Authors: Tanaka Mitsura , Nohara Yasuhiro , Tamura Kiyoshi , Kataoka Fumiaki , Katayama Minoru , Sakurada Hiroshi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe already presented a 5″QVGA full color FED, which has a good focusing characteristic and a new anode drive system called ‘Anode‐Bias Drive’ and a wiring matrix called ‘Full‐Duty Architecture’. Recently, we confirmed the effect of the anode bias drive by applying to a 5″QVGA panel and a new wiring matrix was designed to decrease crosstalks by modifying the full‐duty architecture. Furthermore, we successfully developed a 7″WIDE screen (480 × RGB × 240 pixels) full color FED utilizing these technologies. As a result of this development, the anode voltage was driven at 800V and the luminance of the panel reached around 300cd/m2.
38.3: High Selectivity Photoresist Ashing by the Addition of NH3 to CF4/O2 or CHF3/O2
Authors: Eto H. , Saito M. , Omiya K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA low temperature and high selectivity ashing process using CF4/O2 downfiow plasma in TFT‐LCD fabrication was developed. Reaction products were formed on the underlying a‐Si:H with the addition of NH3 gas to CF4/O2plasma. These products obstructed the etching of a‐Si:H films by F radicals, therefore the selectivity increased.
Microcrystalline Silicon Thin Films By PVD For Wide‐Area Low‐Temperature Polysilicon Production
Authors: Demaray Ernest 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA sputtered silicon thin film deposited on unannealed 1737 glass has been shown to transform to polysilicon at low energy density and below the full‐melt threshold. The resulting polysilicon shows promise to enable high‐yield manufacturing of highly‐integrated, large‐area LTPS displays. Materials properties and their implications are presented.
40.2: Ultra Low Power STN‐LCDs Addressed by MLA for Mobile Telecommunication Applications
Authors: Nakazawa A. , Tamai K. , Nagai M. , Kitamura M. , Hirai Y. , Matsuoka S. , Soda Y. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractUltra low power consumption STN‐LCDs with high display quality driven by MLA (Multiple Line Addressing) technique have been developed. It realized 3V driving voltage for 1/33duty ratio and 5V driving voltage for 1/65duty ratio. These are most suitable for mobile telecommunication applications.
42.2: A 50,000‐hour Lifetime Cold‐Cathode Fluorescent Lamp for LCD Backlighting
Authors: Noguchi H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA long‐life cold cathode fluorescent lamp, which is suitable for the backlighting of the large size LCD for a monitor application, has been developed. By optimizing the inner diameter, the surface area of the electrode, and the amount of the mercury content, the total luminous flux increased than that of a conventional CFLs. At the same time, a lifetime of over 50000 hours was achieved.
Frontlights for reflective liquid crystal displays based on lightguides with micro‐grooves
Authors: Cornelissen H. J. (Hugo) , Greiner H. (Horst) , Dona M. J. J. (Riné) 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFrontlights based on thin, micro‐grooved lightguide structures have been designed, prototyped and tested. The angular distribution of the emitted light has been analyzed, both experimentally on diamond tooled prototypes, and computationally with dedicated ray‐tracing software. Efficiency and stray light have been investigated as a function of the groove angle.
The Influence of Gate Insulator Etching on the Characteristics of Mo Tip Field Emitter Arrays
Authors: Kim Hoon , Ju Byeong Kwon , Lee SanJo , Lee Yun Hi , Ko Young Wook , Jang Jin , Oh Myung Hwan 
Published: January 2005

AbstractElectron emission characteristics of field emitter arrays (FEAs) as etched shape of gate‐insulating opening were investigated by the measurement of anode and/or gate leakage current and voltage. In this study, we introduced a hybrid etching process, which etches the gate insulator wet and dry process sequentially. We also compared electron emission characteristics of FEAs as a function of etching process to form the gate‐insulating opening. The current density of field emitter arrays (FEAs) with new type of gate‐insulating opening is lower than that of FEAs with vertically etched shape of gate‐insulating opening. The electric field of FEAs made by hybrid process is higher than that of FEAs by using wet etching process to form the gate‐insulating opening. Thus, introduced hybrid‐etching process can optimize the gate‐insulating opening of FEAs.
Wide‐Viewing‐Angle Reflective TN‐LCD with Single Polarizer and Hybrid Aligned Nematic Compensation Films
Authors: Uesaka T. , Toyooka T. , Kobori Y. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA novel single‐polarizer reflective TN‐LCD SPRTN‐LCD with hybrid aligned nematic compensation films was developed. The newly developed SPRTN‐LCD exhibits high contrast ratio and good achromaticity over a wide range of viewing angle. The SPRTN‐LCD with hybrid aligned nematic compensation films is a promising candidate for the full color reflective LCD with a high quality of image.
A High Brightness and High Contrast Reflective LCD with Micro Slant Reflector (MSR)
Authors: Ting D.‐L. , Chang W.‐C. , Liu C.‐Y. , Shiu J.‐W. , Wen C.‐J. , Chao C.‐H. , Chuang L.‐S. , Chang C.‐C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA high brightness and high contrast reflective LCD with an internal micro slant reflector (MSR) is developed. The internal MSR is used in a single‐polarizer configuration using mixed‐mode twisted nematic (MTN) effect. MSR is effective in boosting the brightness of reflective LCD. The results show contrast ratio more than 30 and response time less than 20ms. In the configuration of a full‐color TFT‐LCD with 60% aperture ratio, reflectivity of 35% is demonstrated.
320‐dpi 4‐inch Reflective Stacked Crossed Guest‐Host Display
Authors: Hasegawa M. , Takeda K. , Sakaguchi Y. , Egelhaaf J. , Lueder E. , Taira Y. , Lowe A. C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe describe a 320‐dpi, 4‐inch diagonal a‐Si:H TFT‐driven monochrome reflective display panel, in which two guest‐host nematic liquid crystal layers separated by a thin polymer film are orthogonally aligned to realize high reflectivity and high contrast ratio simultaneously. The TFT manufacturer used a four mask process with a high aperture ratio. The structure and characteristics of the panel are presented.
Thin‐Film Micromirror Array (TMA) for Cost‐Competitive Information Display Systems
Authors: Kim Sang‐Gook , Hwang Kyu‐Ho , Koo Myung Kwon 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe Thin‐film Micromirror Array (TMA) is a new reflective type spatial light modulator fabricated with the optical microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology. A working projector prototype of 5,400 true ANSI lumen was presented at the Asian Display 1998 with three VGA format TMA modules and a 1 kW Xenon lamp. The prototype showed the optical efficiency of 22%, which was the highest optical efficiency among all the reflective and transmissive light modulators in the world. For the commercial projectors, XGA fmat TMA is under development. The size of a micromirror of VGA format TMA is 97 μm by 97 μm while the size of eaxh micromirror of XGA format TMA is 50 μm by 50 μm. Efforts have been made to maintain the optical efficiency of the XGA TMA projector same as that of the VGA TMA projector. TMA projector prototype is brighter than any competing technology projectors in the world at the same lamp power, at least three times or more. The simplicity of the underlying principle and the highest optical efficiency of TMA enables high‐brightness and cost competitive projection displays which has been a dream in the past.
10.4: WIDE VIEWING ANGLE PHOTOALIGNED PLASTIC FILMS FOR TN‐LCDS
Authors: Chen J. , Chang K. C. , DelPico J. , Seiberle H. , Schadt M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA novel, photo‐aligned wide viewing angle plastic film for TN‐LCDs was jointly developed. The film is made of positive uniaxial, tilted LC molecules. The contrast of our wide viewing angle film is equivalent to a commercial discotic wide view film. However, the chromaticity of our film in the bright state is better and so is its design flexibility. The film configuration was optically simulated and confirmed by measurements made on fabricated film prototypes.
47.3: Performance Enhancement of Reflective CMOS TN Displays in Projection Applications Using Compensating Films
Authors: Gandhi J. , Ji Y. , Stefanov M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractReflective twisted nematic μLCDs used in projection applications show a significant reduction in contrast as the F‐number of the system is reduced. A method is provided to optimize contrast of a reflective twisted nematic display. In a reflective off‐axis projection system where the polarizers and analyzers are separated, contrast of>500:1 are plausible.
Development of a Dualdomain TFT‐LCD by Optical Patterning
Authors: Hoffmann E. , Klausmann H. , Ginter E. , Knoll P. M. , Seiberle H. , Schadt M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractRecent progress in liquid crystal displays (LCDs) achieved by photo‐aligning the liquid crystal (LC) with the linear photopolymerization (LPP)‐technology are outlined. LPP‐alignment gives way to high resolution azimuthal LC‐director patterns with defined bias tilt angles, which renders multi‐domain twisted nematic (TN‐) LCDs feasible. A 5 inch 320×240 pixel LPP‐photoaligned dual domain TFT‐TN‐LCD for car navigation systems exhibiting a very broad angle of view is presented.
Microcrystalline‐silicon thin films by physical vapor deposition for wide‐area low‐temperature polysilicon production
Authors: Demaray Ernest 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—A sputtered microcrystalline‐silicon thin film deposited on unannealed Corning Code 1737 glass has been shown to transform to polycrystalline material after excimer‐laser annealing at low energy densities, and below the full‐melt threshold. The homogeneous large‐grain polysilicon films obtained show promise for high‐yield manufacturing of large‐area LTPS displays. The material properties of the films will be presented and the properties of devices fabricated in the films will be discussed.
Modeling of extrusion coating for applications in electronics manufacturing
Authors: Kamen Edward W. , Popescu Catalin 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—This paper focuses on the development of a model of the extrusion coating process that can be used to generate an automated (as opposed to manual) procedure for determining the control setpoints for a desired deposition thickness and range of deposition materials. This model includes the dynamics of the bead formation process and the bead variation during the coating. The “bead” refers to the deposition material that collects in front and under the die head as the substrate is moved beneath it. Understanding and modeling the dynamics of the bead process as a function of the control‐variable settings is crucial in obtaining an automated procedure for setpoint determination in extrusion coating.
An on‐line grid‐gaps inspection system for electron‐gun manufacturing
Authors: Mo Chi‐Neng , Sheng Yi‐ , Yeh Chun‐Hsien , Chang Ming , Lin Kao‐Hui 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—An on‐line grid gaps inspection system (GGIS) for color‐CRT electron‐gun manufacturing has been developed. The measuring principle is based on the digital‐image‐processing technique and incorporates a design of stepping motor motion control. By utilizing the arrangement of stepping path image processing, the measurements for different types of guns and for different gaps on a gun can be effectively executed with higher resolution, and are easily implemented for the purposes of on‐line inspection and statistical quality control. Experimental results show that the system resolution is about 8.5–10 μm and the on‐line inspection index has been improved to about 120 pieces/hour.
Low‐cost display assembly and interconnect using ink‐jet printing technology
Authors: Hayes Donald J. , Cox W. Royall , Grove Michael E. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—Ink‐jet printing methods may be utilized for efficient micro‐deposition of solder bumps, spacer balls, and adhesive sealant/bond lines, as well as liquid‐crystal and color‐filter droplets, in the manufacture of display panels. Advantages realized by this approach include data‐driven low‐cost high‐speed non‐contact environmentally friendly processing.
The effects of barge shocks on soybean basis levels in Arkansas: A study of market integration
Authors: McKenzie Andrew M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe response of Arkansas Delta and Gulf soybean basis levels to barge rate shocks is investigated. Results suggest basis levels react negatively to an increase in the barge rate, implying the burden of higher transportation costs are at least in part transmitted to the farm level. Internal Arkansas Delta markets are highly integrated with the Gulf export market. For example, Gulf soybean shocks, which reflect unexpected increases in soybean export demand, are simultaneously transmitted to internal markets, and result in correspondingly higher Arkansas Delta basis levels. Domestic market disturbances such as crush margin and financial storage cost shocks are found to immediately affect barge rates and to subsequently impact both Gulf and internal basis levels. [EconLit citations: F150.] © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 21: 37–52, 2005.
Developing marketing strategies for green grocers: An application of SERVQUAL
Authors: Eastwood David B. , Brooker John R. , Smith James D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSuccessful food retailing depends to a significant degree on providing a positive shopping environment for consumers. The SERVQUAL format is one way of gathering information about shoppers' ideal and actual ratings of an outlet's characteristics. Three modifications of the conventional application of the questionnaire are described. Implementation of the methodology is shown to be an effective tool for a retailer to identify strengths and weaknesses with respect to patrons' evaluations of outlet characteristics. Six green grocers were selected to reflect the diversity of outlets in a state, and the survey was conducted in the spring of 2000. Results indicate consumer ratings vary by feature group for ideal, actual, and actual minus ideal subgroup scores. The information can be used to generate better store‐specific strategies to meet consumer expectations. [EconLit citations: C42, Q13.] © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 21: 81–96, 2005.
Conservation, markets, and fisheries policy: The North Atlantic bluefin tuna and the Japanese sashimi market
Authors: Martínez‐Garmendia Josué , Anderson James L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper empirically illustrates the importance of market considerations for conservation with the U.S. bluefin tuna fishery. It measures the actual gains of a systemic approach to fisheries conservation where market, fishing technology, and fish population information are integrated in the regulatory process. In particular, we investigate the potential for increased rent extraction from the U.S. North Atlantic bluefin tuna fishery. We investigate how much the Japanese sashimi market would reward the U.S. fishery for improvements in quality, and whether the expected rise in revenues would be cost‐effective. The optimal results indicate moving away from gears such as purse‐seines and long‐lines in favor of harpoons and rod‐and‐reels, and concentrating the catch towards the end of the season. The analyses further indicate that it is more profitable to harvest fewer tuna but of greater size and quality than to focus on a great number of fish captures. This allows for a lower mortality and therefore a greater level of conservation of the resource. [EconLit citations: F180, Q220.] © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 21: 17–36, 2005.
Overcoming informal trade barriers among Japanese intermediaries: An attitudinal assessment
Authors: Gehrt Kenneth C. , Lotz Sherry , Shim Soyeon , Sakano Tomoaki , Onzo Naoto 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAccess to foreign markets is increasingly critical to the U.S. as global competition increases. Past efforts by the U.S. to penetrate the Japanese market have often focused on overcoming formal trade barriers including tariffs, quotas, and product standards. Although this form of intervention has enjoyed success, limited effort has been devoted to analyzing informal trade barriers. This study examines informal trade barriers in terms of the attitudes of Japanese distributors toward U.S. products. The study focuses on a product‐market for which Japan is the leading single‐country importer for the U.S.: fruit. Recent inroads into the Japanese market by other countries have eroded the position of the U.S. This erosion will continue unless U.S. exporters can develop appropriate strategies based on sound market intelligence. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 21: 53–63, 2005.
A family based study of catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Turic D. , Williams H. , Langley K. , Owen M. , Thapar A. , O'Donovan M.C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNeurobiological studies have suggested that altered dopaminergic function may contribute to the etiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The gene encoding catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) is an attractive candidate for ADHD susceptibility as it plays a major role in the degradation of dopamine. Moreover, a functional Val158Met polymorphism in COMT that alters the activity of the encoded protein has been strongly implicated in frontal lobe function, with the high activity Valine allele being associated with poorer performance, and ADHD is thought to involve fronto‐striatal pathways. We have examined this functional variant for association with ADHD in a family based association sample comprising 279 probands and their parents. We have also examined two other markers in the COMT gene (rs737865, rs165599) which, together with the Val/Met variant, have recently been shown to be associated with altered COMT expression rather than enzyme activity. No evidence for association was observed with any single marker or haplotype in a sample of 279 affected children and their parents. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.