bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observed versus predicted carboxyhemoglobin levels in cellulose triacetate workers exposed to methylene chloride
Authors: Amsel Jon , Soden Kevin J. , Sielken Robert L. , Valdez‐Flora Ciriaco 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundOccupational exposure to methylene chloride, together with carboxyhemoglobin concentrations, has not been studied previously.MethodsCarboxyhemoglobin levels were measured in non‐smoking employees exposed to varying concentrations of methylene chloride during the manufacture of cellulose triacetate fibers. The observed carboxyhemoglobin levels were compared to predicted concentrations using a pharmacokinetic model.ResultsThe presence of carboxyhemoglobin in non‐smokers exposed to methylene chloride results primarily from the metabolism of methylene chloride in the liver and exhibits a linear dose‐response relationship. The observed levels of carboxyhemoglobin in non‐smokers at the end of an 8‐hour shift depend upon exposures to methylene chloride that day but are independent of occupational exposures on previous days. The observed daily concentrations of carboxyhemoglobin are consistent with predicted concentrations using a pharmacokinetic model. While varying exposure patterns were shown to change the rate of metabolite formation at the end of shift, these same exposure patterns had almost no effect on the total amount of carbon monoxide in the blood.ConclusionWhile the present study addresses the relationship between methylene chloride, carbon monoxide, carboxyhemoglobin and ischemic heart disease, it does not address the issue of tumorigenicity, which is also the basis for the current U.S. Occupational Health and Safety workplace exposure limit of 25 ppm. This study provides support for the conclusion that the current American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists 8‐hour Threshold Limit Value of 50 ppm adequately protects human health with regard to ischemic heart disease and carboxyhemoglobin formation among non‐smokers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:180–191, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interstitial fibrosis following hydrogen sulfide exposure
Authors: Duong Thanh X. , Suruda Anthony J. , Maier Lisa A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis case report describes a patient with interstitial fibrosis 4 years after poisoning by hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide causes pulmonary edema and is also toxic to the nervous system. Long‐term pulmonary sequelae of hydrogen sulfide poisoning has not been reported frequently in the literature. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:221–224, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of a traditional questionnaire with an icon/calendar‐based questionnaire to assess occupational history†
Authors: Engel Lawrence S. , Keifer Matthew C. , Zahm Shelia H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐reported work histories are an essential tool for estimating exposure in many occupational epidemiologic studies. However, the transience of some occupations such as farm work can hamper recall, resulting in inaccurate reporting. To address this problem, we have developed an icon/calendar‐based questionnaire. This study compares work histories collected via this questionnaire to those collected via a traditional questionnaire.MethodsEighty‐nine farmworkers and non‐farmworkers were interviewed twice, 8–10 months apart, about their lifetime employment. In the first interview, subjects were asked to recount their entire work history, starting from the interview date and moving backwards in time (“traditional questionnaire”). In the second interview, subjects were first asked about important life events, which were recorded with icons on a calendar. They were then asked to recount their work history, which was recorded, job‐by‐job, on the calendar with icons (“icon‐calendar questionnaire”).ResultsNumber of jobs and amount of work time accounted for since first employment were significantly greater using the icon‐calendar questionnaire than the traditional questionnaire, the disparity increasing with time from the date of interview. The ratio of number of jobs in the traditional questionnaire to number of jobs in the icon‐calendar questionnaire decreased from 100.0% in the most recent time period to 0.0% in the earliest time period. While the percentage of time explained by employment remained relatively constant across time periods in the icon‐calendar questionnaire, ranging from 86.3 to 98.9%, it rapidly decreased with time in the traditional questionnaire, from 77.9% in the most recent time period to 0.0% in the earliest time period.ConclusionsThe icon‐calendar questionnaire was more effective than the traditional questionnaire for obtaining complex work histories during interviews, producing a more complete picture of a person's work history. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:502–511, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Test‐retest reliability of an icon/calendar‐based questionnaire used to assess occupational history†
Authors: Engel Lawrence S. , Keifer Matthew C. , Thompson Mary Lou , Zahm Shelia H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐reported work histories can be critical for both epidemiologic and clinical purposes. However, the complexity of some work histories, such as those of migrant farm workers, can hamper recall, resulting in inaccurate reporting. Memory aids may reduce such error. This study assesses the reliability of work histories collected using such aids in the form of an icon/calendar‐based questionnaire.MethodsThirty‐one males engaged in farmwork and other manual labor for a median 28 years (range: 10–64) were interviewed twice, 8–14 months apart, about their lifetime employment. In each interview, subjects were asked about important life events, which were recorded with icons on a calendar. They were then asked to recount their work history, including for each job the tasks, crops or products handled, starting and ending dates, and location. This information was recorded, job‐by‐job, on the calendar with icons.ResultsInterquestionnaire agreement of cumulative reported employment duration (as measured by the correlation coefficient) was moderate to high across all time periods for certain crops (e.g., r = 0.69–0.92 for apple‐related work), by location (e.g., r = 0.76–0.95 for Washington State), and for agricultural work in general (r = 0.67–0.94), but was lower for specific tasks. Agreement of job counts was high for total work history for certain crops (e.g., r = 0.93 for apple‐related work), by location (e.g., r = 0.90 for Washington State), and for agricultural work in general (r = 0.89), but paradoxically decreased with proximity to the interview date. Agreement of both measures tended to be highest for those tasks and crops in which subjects reported spending the most time. Categorization of subjects into tertiles on the basis of either cumulative duration or counts produced results similar to those observed for job counts.ConclusionsThe icon‐calendar questionnaire is an effective tool for estimating cumulative duration of certain work categorizations among subjects with complex work histories. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:512–522, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparability of data obtained from migrant farmworkers and their spouses on occupational history†
Authors: Colt Joanne S. , Engel Lawrence S. , Keifer Matthew C. , Thompson Mary Lou , Zahm Shelia Hoar 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiologic studies, particularly case‐control studies, often rely on proxy respondents to provide information about subjects' occupational histories. The quality of proxy‐reported information in occupational histories has never been evaluated for migrant farmworkers.MethodsWe compared occupational histories self‐reported by 31 farmworkers with those reported by their wives. The work histories were obtained using an icon/calendar‐based questionnaire that was designed to facilitate recall for migrant farmworkers, who typically have complex work histories.ResultsThe work histories provided by proxy respondents contained 32% fewer jobs and accounted for 24% fewer years than the self‐reported histories. Correlations for lifetime duration of employment in different types of jobs were moderate to good for general agricultural jobs in Washington (0.70) and apple‐related jobs (0.65), which were held by virtually all of the farmworkers; correlations were moderate to poor for less common jobs and for specific types of tasks. Agreement was better after marriage than before, and for jobs held in the current year compared to other time frames. Overall, the ability of the spouses to provide occupational histories for farmworkers was within the range observed in studies involving other occupations and industries.ConclusionsIn studies involving farmworkers, when study subjects cannot be interviewed, spouses can provide useful information on occupational histories. However, the information should be used only for more generalized exposure assessments; it is most appropriate for estimating cumulative duration of agricultural work, or recent work, by place or for common crops. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:523–530, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of ten candidate genes in autism by association and linkage
Authors: Philippe Anne , Guilloud‐Bataille Michel , Martinez Maria , Gillberg Christopher , Råstam Maria , Sponheim Eili , Coleman Mary , Zappella Michele , Aschauer Harald , Penet Christiane , Feingold Josué , Brice Alexis , Leboyer Marion ,   and the Paris Autism Research International Sibpair Study
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe studied the possible involvement of ten candidate genes in autism: proenkephalin, prodynorphin, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 2 (opioid metabolism); tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine receptors D2 and D5, monoamine oxidases A and B (monoaminergic system); brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, and neural cell adhesion molecule (involved in neurodevelopment). Thirty‐eight families with two affected siblings and one family with two affected half‐siblings, recruited by the Paris Autism Research International Sibpair Study (PARIS), were tested using the transmission disequilibrium test and two‐point affected sib‐pair linkage analysis. We found no evidence for association or linkage with intragenic or linked markers. Our family sample has good power for detecting a linkage disequilibrium of 0.80. Thus, these genes are unlikely to play a major role in the families studied, but further studies in a much larger sample would be needed to highlight weaker genetic effects. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Search for genes involved in Joubert syndrome: Evidence that one or more major loci are yet to be identified and exclusion of candidate genes EN1, EN2, FGF8, and BARHL1
Authors: Blair Ian P. , Gibson Roxanne R. , Bennett Craig L. , Chance Phillip F. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractJoubert syndrome (JS) is a rare autosomal recessive malformation syndrome involving agenesis or dysgenesis of the cerebellar vermis with accompanying brainstem malformations. JS is further characterized by hypotonia, developmental delay, intermittent hyperpnea, and abnormal eye movements. The biochemical and molecular basis of JS remains unknown, although several genes that are crucial in the development of the cerebellum have been proposed as attractive candidate genes. JS is clinically heterogeneous; this, together with previous linkage analyses, suggests that there may also be genetic heterogeneity. A locus for JS was previously identified on chromosome 9q34 by linkage analysis in a consanguineous family of Arabian origin. A putative second JS locus was recently suggested when a deletion on chromosome 17p11.2 was observed in a patient with Smith‐Magenis syndrome and JS phenotype. We have investigated a cohort of apparently unrelated North American JS pedigrees for association with the loci on chromosomes 9q34 and 17p11.2 and excluded them in all cases where data were informative. Analysis of an additional 21 unrelated JS patients showed no evidence of homozygosity at the 9q34 and 17p11.2 loci that would suggest inheritance of founder JS mutation(s) or unreported consanguinity. Together, these data suggest that one or more major loci for JS remain to be identified. Consequently, we undertook mutation analysis of several functional candidate genes, EN1, EN2, and FGF8, in a total of 26 unrelated JS patients. Our data suggest that all of these genes may be excluded from a direct pathogenic role in JS. The BARHL1 gene, which localizes to chromosome 9q34 and has previously been proposed as a strong positional candidate gene for JS, was also investigated and excluded from involvement in JS that is linked to chromosome 9q34. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sex differences in shared genetic and environmental influences between conduct disorder symptoms and marijuana use in adolescents
Authors: Miles Donna R. , van den Bree Marianne B.M. , Pickens Roy W. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe association between conduct disorder (CD) symptoms and marijuana use (MU) was assessed in 1,480 adolescent twins participating in the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health. A strong association was found between CD and MU for both males (r = .38, P < .01) and females (r = .31, P < .01). Structural equation modeling on age‐corrected rank normalized scores using the program Mx indicated significant gender differences in the genetic and environmental contributions to MU. Additive genetic influences were comparable in size for males (29%) and females (24%). However, for females the influence of common environmental influences was greater (58%) than for males (36%). There was also evidence of greater common environmental influences for females, as well as greater genetic influences for males for CD, but these differences did not reach significance. In addition, for CD common environmental influences did not differ significantly from zero. Additive genetic influences accounted for 61% of the variance in CD, with the remainder being of unique environmental origin. Bivariate genetic analyses suggested a moderate genetic correlation between CD and MU (rg = .28) and a low unique environmental correlation (re = .14). These results suggest that CD and MU share genetic influences, while environmental influences tend to be more specific to each behavior. These findings may have implications for the prevention and treatment of CD and substance use among adolescents. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survival, growth, health, and reproduction following nursery rearing compared with mother rearing in pigtailed monkeys (Macaca nemestrina)
Authors: Sackett Gene P. , Ruppenthal Gerald C. , Davis Arthur E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractNursery‐reared primates do not experience psychological “maternal bonding” or immunological benefits of breast milk, so they are expected to be inferior to mother‐raised monkeys in growth, health, survival, reproduction, and maternal abilities. Studies of nursery‐reared monkeys support aspects of this prediction for infants deprived of social contact or raised in pairs. We present colony record data on 1,187 mother and 506 nursery‐raised monkeys, 2–10 yr of age, living in mixed groups. We found no group differences in survival, growth, clinical treatments for disease or bite wounds, or pregnancy outcome and neonatal deaths. Nursery males given breeding opportunities produced an average of 24 offspring. In addition to 24‐hr personnel present on every day of the year, we believe that three of our procedures account for differences between our results and other reports. Our infants received 1) intensive human handling, 2) daily social interaction in a playroom, and 3) success and failure experience during learning and cognitive testing. We do not advocate rearing primates without mothers, but we conclude that these procedures are sufficient for producing physical health and adaptive juvenile and adult social skills in nursery‐raised monkeys. Am. J. Primatol. 56:165–183, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adhesive and flame resistance behavior of poly(arylene ether phosphine oxide) (PEPO) and PEPO‐modified epoxy resins
Authors: Jeong K. U. , Park I. Y. , Kim I. C. , Yoon T. H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPoly(arylene ether phosphine oxide) (PEPO) with controlled molecular weights and amine end‐groups was synthesized, and used as an adhesive, a coating material for adherend or a modifier for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)‐based epoxy resins. Closely related poly(arylene ether sulfone) and commercial polyethersulfone, Udel® P‐1700, were also utilized for comparison purposes. Adhesive behavior was measured via single lap shear samples as a function of coated polymer type, test temperature (R.T. and 100°C), and aging condition in boiling distilled water or 5% salt water. Flame resistance of PEPO and PEPO‐modified epoxy resin was evaluated by TGA and a flame test. PEPO exhibited better adhesive properties than PES or Udel® P‐1700. PEPO coating on an Al adherend markedly improved adhesive property of PES and Udel® even at 100°C, and after aging study failure mode changed from adhesive to cohesive with the PEPO. Aminophenyl terminated PEPO‐modified epoxy resins also exhibited highly improved adhesive behavior and flame resistance, compared to control samples. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1198–1205, 2001
Novel optical material: Polyarylates with azomethine side‐chain groups
Authors: Zadrożna I. , Mysłek M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA number of NLO polymers were obtained, in which aromatic polyester is a matrix and the chromophores are incorporated into the form of a side chain. Special monomers are based on 2,2‐bis(3‐amino‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)propane; they contain an azomethine bond and various electron‐acceptor groups (nitro, cyanide, and fluoride) as substituents in the side‐chain aromatic ring. The effect of the type of the electron‐acceptor substituent, its substitution position in the aromatic ring with respect to the azomethine bond, and special monomer concentration on the optical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the whole system was studied. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1374–1382, 2001
Die swell of thermoplastic polyurethanes: A peculiar behavior
Authors: Dufrancatel‐Veiller L. , Lacrampe M. F. , Pabiot J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe instantaneous and equilibrium isothermal die swell ratios of thermoplastic polyurethanes have been measured by two methods. The incidence of some structural, geometrical, and processing parameters has been analyzed. The experimentation reveals the atypical behavior of these polymers related to a structural evolution during processing that greatly depends on the residence time in temperature under shearing and that probably results from the cumulated effects of multiple recombinations and chain cuts. This thermo‐mechanical degradation affects the rheological properties of these polymers. The maximal behavior variations are observed for short times and stabilize above a specific critical time. Taking into account the effect of these rheological alterations on the generating mechanisms of die swell allows us to interpret all the experimental results (atypical or not) in terms of magnitude and direction of variation of the phenomenon. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1710–1724, 2001
Degradation of new cellulose‐based complex material
Authors: Ou Yifang , Huang Qiulian , Chen Jianan 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe degradation of a kind of cellulose‐based complex material was investigated by the soil bury and exposure methods. The results showed that the average molecular weight of the sample decreased 66.7% and the copper number increased from 1.32 to 7.58 after 9 weeks as measured by the soil bury method. Meanwhile the average molecular weight decreased 38.7% and the copper number increased from 1.32 to 5.00 after 14 weeks of exposure under the sun. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 809–812, 2001
Comparison of gas‐ and liquid‐phase polymerization of propylene with heterogeneous metallocene catalyst
Authors: Meier G. B. , Weickert G. , van Swaaij W. P. M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSorption measurements are executed to study the sorption behavior of propylene in a semicrystalline polymer. Decreasing values for the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter with increasing temperature are obtained. Large deviations are found, especially at higher temperatures, compared to data from the literature. Propylene is polymerized in liquid and gaseous propylenes with Me2Si[Ind]2ZrCl2/MAO/SiO2 as the metallocene catalyst. Lower relative reaction rates are found in the gas phase compared to the experiments in the liquid phase. The activation energies from the experiments in both phases are on the same order of magnitude. However, the literature versus experimental sorption data has a large effect on the determined kinetic parameters. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 1193–1206, 2001
Grafting vinyl monomers onto silk (Bombyx mori) using different initiators: Properties of grafted silk
Authors: Tsukada Masuhiro , Arai Takayuki , Freddi Giuliano , Imai Tsuneo , Kasai Nobutami 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe graft–copolymerization of silk with methacrylamide (MAA), 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and methyl methacrylate (MMA) was studied using three different free‐radical initiators: an inorganic peroxide [ammonium persulfate (APS)] and two azo compounds [2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (ADC)]. The rate and yield of grafting followed the order: APS > AIBN > ADC. The performance of AIBN was close to that of APS in terms of weight gain attained. The degree of yellowing of grafted silk varied as a function of the initiator–monomer system used. APS induced the highest degree of yellowing, regardless of which monomer was used, whereas silk grafted with the MAA/AIBN system displayed the lowest level of yellowing. Moisture regain of grafted silk changed as a function of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of the grafted polymer, regardless of the kind of initiator used. Accordingly, tensile properties showed a tendency to decrease with increasing weight gain of grafted silk, the extent of which was independent of the kind of monomer and initiator used. The different initiators did not induce any appreciable change in the fine structure of silk, as demonstrated by optical measurements. Uneven surface deposition of homopolymer was detected to variable extent with MMA and HEMA grafting, whereas the surface of MAA‐grafted silk was completely free of any foreign deposit, independently of the initiator used. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 1401–1409, 2001
Physicochemical and thermal properties of phenol–formaldehyde‐modified polyphenol impregnate
Authors: Sekaran G. , Thamizharasi S. , Ramasami T. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractTannin, a natural polymer belonging to the polyphenolic group of compounds, is widely used in the leather industry, specifically as a tanning agent for the conversion of putrescible collagen fibers into leather matrix during the leather‐manufacturing process. Unspent tannin poses a serious environmental threat to the public because it has a very high half‐life, leading to groundwater pollution when discharged into soil. Attempts have been made to separate tannins through chemical means and recovered tannin needs to be encapsulated for its safe disposal. In the present study the recovered tannin was impregnated in phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin. Spectroscopic and thermogravimetric (IR, NMR, TGA and DSC) studies revealed that the modified polyphenol was held physically in the impregnate. The impregnated matrix showed resistance to mineral acids, strong alkalis and organic solvents and was tested for its adhesive property on leather sheets. The leather that bonded with PF‐modified polyphenol impregnate (PFT) had a 27% increase in peel strength and a 40% increase in lap shear strength as compared to the sample bonded with PF resin. The corrosive resistance result of the PFT resin shows it has potential application as an anticorrosive paint in the paint industry. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 1567–1571, 2001