bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A thalamo‐parietal cortex circuit is critical for place‐action coordination
Authors: Simmons Christine M. , Moseley Shawn C. , Ogg Jordan D. , Zhou Xinyu , Johnson Madeline , Wu Wei , Clark Benjamin J. , Wilber Aaron A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe anterior and lateral thalamus (ALT) contains head direction cells that signal the directional orientation of an individual within the environment. ALT has direct and indirect connections with the parietal cortex (PC), an area hypothesized to play a role in coordinating viewer‐dependent and viewer‐independent spatial reference frames. This coordination between reference frames would allow an individual to translate movements toward a desired location from memory. Thus, ALT‐PC functional connectivity would be critical for moving toward remembered allocentric locations. This hypothesis was tested in rats with a place‐action task that requires associating an appropriate action (left or right turn) with a spatial location. There are four arms, each offset by 90°, positioned around a central starting point. A trial begins in the central starting point. After exiting a pseudorandomly selected arm, the rat had to displace the correct object covering one of two (left versus right) feeding stations to receive a reward. For a pair of arms facing opposite directions, the reward was located on the left, and for the other pair, the reward was located on the right. Thus, each reward location had a different combination of allocentric location and egocentric action. Removal of an object was scored as correct or incorrect. Trials in which the rat did not displace any objects were scored as “no selection” trials. After an object was removed, the rat returned to the center starting position and the maze was reset for the next trial. To investigate the role of the ALT‐PC network, muscimol inactivation infusions targeted bilateral PC, bilateral ALT, or the ALT‐PC network. Muscimol sessions were counterbalanced and compared to saline sessions within the same animal. All inactivations resulted in decreased accuracy, but only bilateral PC inactivations resulted in increased non selecting, increased errors, and longer latency responses on the remaining trials. Thus, the ALT‐PC circuit is critical for linking an action with a spatial location for successful navigation.
‘Looking forward’: An actionable framework for proactive health and well‐being behaviours in Australian midlife women
Authors: Kopanidis Foula Z. , Reid Mike 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedThe health and well‐being of midlife women are not well‐researched. This study uses an actionable framework to demonstrate the influence of biosocial, psychological and cognitive factors on proactive health and well‐being behaviours (PHWB) of midlife women, including setting and evaluating their well‐being goals.MethodsQuantitative cross‐sectional data from Australian middle‐aged women (N = 904) aged 40–65 residing in Australia was used. Multinomial logistic regression examined associations with three PHWB outcomes (low, medium and high) and biosocial, psychological and cognitive factors.ResultsProactive health behaviours are influenced by a positive attitude towards ageing, a stronger sense of stoicism and self‐control, and a clearer life purpose. Compared to a high PHWB group, low proactiveness was associated with poor biosocial influences, fewer personal relations and less perceived behavioural control, but a higher level of self‐acceptance.ConclusionFindings demonstrate how significant biosocial, psychological and cognitive determinants may empower midlife women to be proactive and to set and achieve a broader set of physical, mental, relationship and financial health and well‐being goals for positive health outcomes and healthy ageing.So What?The actionable framework provides directions for public health agencies to develop health and well‐being communication strategies and health promotion initiatives targeting women at both early and later midlife. The findings point to the importance of understanding and fostering proactiveness in the context of midlife women's health and well‐being.
The influence of geometrical and operational parameters on thermofluid performance of discontinuous colonial self‐swirl‐inducing baffle plate in a tubular heat exchanger
Authors: Rahman Md Atiqur 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn exploratory investigation was conducted to analyze a tubular heat exchanger's turbulent heat transfer characteristics using an innovative baffle plate design. The design incorporated a perforated conical baffle plate and an adjustable rectangular deflector. The strategic placement of this baffle plate at the heat exchanger inlet facilitated a swirling flow downstream. To assess the impact of this design, three baffle plates with varying pitch ratios (l/D) were positioned in the direction of the flow. The study examined the effects of pitch ratio (ranging from 0.6 to 1.2), deflector inclination angle (ranging from 30° to 50°), and Reynolds numbers (ranging from 16,500 to 29,500). Moreover, the size of the conical baffle plate (H/D) was altered (from 0.25 to 0.15). The findings highlighted the substantial influence of pitch ratio, inclination angle, and height ratio on the heat exchanger's performance. Notably, the configuration featuring an inclination angle of 50° and height ratio of 0.15 exhibited an average performance improvement of 22% compared to other height ratios, inclination angles, and pitch ratios.
Comparing water uptake patterns of two tree species using stable isotopes on the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Cui Yongsheng , Pan Chengzhong , Ma Lan , Sun Zhanwei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe water consumption mechanism of plantations is important to understand for the selection of afforestation tree species and sustainable watershed management in semi‐arid regions. In this study, Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabuliformis, which are commonly planted on the Loess Plateau of China, were selected to investigate the possible difference in water uptake modes. In 2019–2020, the stable isotopic compositions (δ2H, δ18O) of precipitation and the xylem and soil water of these two trees were sampled and compared using the direct inference approach and MixSIAR model. The difference in soil moisture was also measured. The results showed that the δ18O content of surface soil water (0–40 cm) was closely related to precipitation, while that of deep soil layers (100–200 cm) remained stable. The MixSIAR model performed appropriately in quantifying water apportionment, especially in the drought year of 2019. In July–August 2019, R. pseudoacacia showed strong drought resilience by absorbing water from the deep soil. The 0–40 cm and 100–200 cm soil layers contributed 0.325 and 0.376 to water absorption of R. pseudoacacia, and 0.675 and 0.151 to that of P. tabuliformis, respectively. However, there was a minor difference in the soil water uptake modes between the two species in the humid year of 2020. Compared with P. tabuliformis, R. pseudoacacia increased its consumption of water by 9.9% and 25.1% in the drought and humid year, respectively, which indicated that R. pseudoacacia plantations may contributed to drier deep soil layers. This study helps to improve our understanding of the water uptake mechanisms of common afforestation tree species on the Loess Plateau.
Benefits and harms of prostate specific antigen testing according to Australian guidelines
Authors: Caruana Michael , Gulati Roman , Etzioni Ruth , Barratt Alexandra , Armstrong Bruce K. , Chiam Karen , Nair‐Shalliker Visalini , Luo Qingwei , Bang Albert , Grogan Paul , Smith David P. , O'Connell Dianne L. , Canfell Karen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGuidelines for prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing in Australia recommend that men at average risk of prostate cancer who have been informed of the benefits and harms, and who decide to undergo regular testing, should be offered testing every 2 years from 50 to 69 years. This study aimed to estimate the benefits and harms of regular testing in this context. We constructed Policy1‐Prostate, a discrete event microsimulation platform of the natural history of prostate cancer and prostate cancer survival, and PSA testing patterns and subsequent management in Australia. The model was calibrated to pre‐PSA (before 1985) prostate cancer incidence and mortality and validated against incidence and mortality trends from 1985 to 2011 and international trials. The model predictions were concordant with trials and Australian observed incidence and mortality data from 1985 to 2011. Out of 1000 men who choose to test according to the guidelines, 36 [21‐41] men will die from prostate cancer and 126 [119‐133] men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer, compared with 50 [47‐54] and 94 [90‐98] men who do not test, respectively. During the 20 years of active PSA testing, 32.3% [25.6%‐38.8%] of all PSA‐test detected cancers are overdiagnosed cases that is, 30 [21‐42] out of 94 [83‐107] PSA‐test detected cancers. Australian men choosing to test with PSA every two years from 50 to 69 will reduce their risk of ever dying from prostate cancer and incur a risk of overdiagnosis: for every man who avoids dying from prostate cancer, two will be overdiagnosed with prostate cancer between 50 and 69 years of age. Australian men, with health professionals, can use these results to inform decision‐making about PSA testing.
The real‐world outcomes of Lutetium‐177 PSMA‐617 radioligand therapy in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer: Turkish Oncology Group multicenter study
Authors: Almuradova Elvina , Seyyar Mustafa , Arak Hacı , Tamer Fatih , Kefeli Umut , Koca Sinan , Sen Erdem , Telli Tugba Akin , Karatas Fatih , Gokmen Ivo , Turhal Nazım Serdar , Sakalar Teoman , Ayhan Murat , Ekinci Ferhat , Hafizoglu Emre , Kahraman Seda , Kesen Oguzhan , Unal Caglar , Alan Ozkan , Celik Serdar , Yekeduz Emre , Omur Ozgür , Gokmen Erhan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMetastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains a challenging condition to treat despite recent advancements. This retrospective study aimed to assess the activity and tolerability of Lutetium‐177 (Lu‐177) PSMA‐617 radioligand therapy (RLT) in mCRPC patients across multiple cancer centers in Turkey. The study included 165 patients who received at least one cycle of Lu‐177 PSMA‐617 RLT, with the majority having bone metastases and undergone prior treatments. Prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels were assessed before each treatment cycle, and the biochemical response was evaluated in accordance with the Prostate Cancer Work Group 3 Criteria. The PSA decline of ≥50% was classified as a response, while an increase of ≥25% in PSA levels was indicative of progressive disease. Neither response nor progression was considered as stable disease. The Lu‐177 PSMA‐617 RLT led to a significant PSA response, with 50.6% of patients achieving a >50% decrease in PSA levels. Median overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival were 13.5 and 8.2 months, respectively. Patients receiving Lu‐177 PSMA‐617 RLT in combination with androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) had a higher OS compared to those receiving Lu‐177 PSMA‐617 RLT alone (18.2 vs 12.3 months, P = .265). The treatment was generally well‐tolerated, with manageable side effects such as anemia and thrombocytopenia. This study provides real‐world evidence supporting the effectiveness and safety of Lu‐177 PSMA‐617 RLT in mCRPC patients, particularly when used in combination with ARPIs. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence on the potential benefits of PSMA‐targeted therapies in advanced prostate cancer.
FIGO statement: Fertility preservation
Authors: Henry Laurie , Berek Jonathan S. , Diaz Ivonne , Feldberg Dov , Mocanu Edgar , Niederberger C. Craig , Ohlander Samuel , Purandare Nikhil , Rosenwaks Zev , Tulandi Togas , Wasson Megan , Wilailak Sarikapan , Malhotra Jaideep 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFertility preservation is a growing field in reproductive medicine that may raise ethical questions. Preservation of fertility must be discussed with the patient if gonadotoxic treatment is required, whether in the case of benign or malignant pathology, or in the management of transgender identity. As a result, surgery or chemotherapy that has fewer adverse impacts on fertility should be proposed if this does not alter the prognosis of the disease. If the risk of infertility persists, then fertility cryopreservation should be proposed for children and adults of reproductive age. Sperm, oocytes, and gonadal tissue can be cryopreserved for many years. FIGO wishes to emphasize the importance of fertility preservation in the medical and surgical management of patients, and the importance of a specialized, multidisciplinary approach.
Adolescents' digital career aspirations: Evidence for gendered pathways in a digital future
Authors: Strohmeier Dagmar , Gradinger Petra , Yanagida Takuya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionComputers and technology are still perceived as a male domain. As a result of this “digital gender gap” boys aspire careers in the information and communication technology (ICT) branches much more than girls. Guided by the situated expectancy‐value theory of motivated behavioral choices, the present study aims to shed light on the predictors of digital career aspirations.MethodsSelf‐report questionnaires were completed by 1018 Austrian adolescents (52.3% girls; 72% non‐immigrants; Mage = 13.55, SDage = 0.88) attending 61 Grade 7 and 8 classes located in 17 vocational secondary schools between April and June 2019. Individual and class‐level predictors of digital career aspirations were investigated with multilevel modeling.ResultsHierarchical linear models revealed that boys, younger adolescents, and second‐generation immigrant adolescents had higher levels of digital career aspirations compared to girls, older adolescents, and non‐immigrants. Hours spend with the laptop per day, digital self‐efficacy and media appraisal positively predicted digital career aspirations on the individual level, while a higher number of immigrants in the classes and higher levels of teacher discussions about media were significant positive predictors on the class level. The model explained 17% of the individual level and 52% of the class level variance. Cross‐level interactions were nonsignificant.ConclusionsThese results have major implications for educational practice. Most importantly, educational interventions should enhance girls' digital self‐efficacy believes and media appraisal. Furthermore, teachers should increase their discussion about digital media as they foster adolescents' digital career aspirations and might prevent future gender segregation in the ICT sector.
Better biocompatibility of nitrogen‐doped graphene compared with graphene oxide by reducing cell autophagic flux blockage and cell apoptosis
Authors: Huang Xiuqing , Luo Xiansheng , Yan Mingjing , Chen Hao , Zuo Huiyan , Xu Kun , Ma Jiarui , Dou Lin , Shen Tao , Huang Mu‐Hua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNitrogen‐doped graphene (C2N), a novel graphene‐based materials, has been proposed as a potential alternative to graphene oxide (GO) in biomedical applications. However, due to the challenges in synthesizing C2N, reports in the biomedical field are currently rare. Here, we have modified the reported procedure and successfully synthesized C2N nanoparticles at 120°C, which we refer to as C2N‐120. The toxicity and biocompatibility of GO and C2N‐120 were evaluated using a mouse model injected with GO/C2N‐120 via the tail vein, as well as cell models treated with GO/C2N‐120. In vivo studies revealed that GO/C2N‐120 showed similar distribution patterns after tail vein injection. The liver, spleen, and lung are the major nanoparticle uptake organs of GO and C2N‐120. However, GO deposition in the major nanoparticle uptake organs was more significant than that of C2N‐120. In addition, GO deposition caused structural abnormalities, increased apoptotic cells, and enhanced macrophage infiltration whereas C2N‐120 exhibited fewer adverse effects. In vitro experiments were conducted using different cell lines treated with GO/C2N‐120. Unlike GO which induced mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, autophagic flux blockage and cell apoptosis, C2N‐120 showed lower cytotoxicity in cell models. Our data demonstrated that C2N‐120 exhibits higher biocompatibility than GO, both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting its potential for biomedical application in the future.
Implications of intrinsic disorder and functional proteomics in the merkel cell polyomavirus life cycle
Authors: Lanclos Nathan , Radulovic Peter , Bland Jackson , Oganisyan Valentin , Radefeld Kelton , Uversky Vladimir N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInfection with merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is implicated in the development of merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare but aggressive skin cancer. MCC has a mortality rate near 50%, and incidence has been rapidly increasing in recent decades, making development of improved treatment strategies critical to addressing its growing social burden. The parallel increasing necessity for novel research to better understand MCPyV pathogenesis has prompted numerous studies in recent years, yet the role of intrinsic disorder in MCPyV proteins remains unexplored. This study carries out computational characterization of intrinsic disorder within the MCPyV proteome and suggests mechanisms that may contribute to the oncogenicity of the virus to invade and hijack host immune systems. Our analysis finds that significant levels of intrinsic disorder are present in proteins LT, ALTO, 57kT, and VP1, and suggests that regions of sT may also contain large, disordered regions. The investigation further shows correlation of disorder propensity with the outputs for functional predictors of eukaryotic linear motifs (ELMs), molecular recognition features (MoRFs), and propensity for liquid‐liquid phase separation (LLPS). Our findings indicate that MCPyV may use disorder and phase condensation to alter viral function that may accentuate or provide the basis for oncogenic activities. It is intended that this study will inform future experimental validation efforts around the phase separation capacity of MCPyV and its host protein‐protein interactions. Furthermore, we hope to inform other investigators on the potential role of disorder in the MCPyV life cycle toward ultimately progressing the development of novel therapeutic agents.
Characterization of differential distribution patterns between mitofusin isoforms and their interaction in developing skeletal muscles of rat
Authors: Senapati Unmod , Pani Sunil , Rout Subhasmita , Sahu Bijayashree , Pani Punyadhara , Swalsingh Gourabamani , Pati Benudhara , Bal Naresh C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSkeletal muscle during postnatal development undergoes several structural and biochemical modifications. It is proposed that these changes are closely intertwined with the increase in load‐bearing capacity of the muscle (i.e., myofibrils) and molecular machinery to support the energy demand (i.e., mitochondria). Concomitant establishment of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and mitochondrial network seems to be a major developmental adjustment of skeletal muscle leading to adult phenotype. Here, we have studied oxidativeness, vascularization, and the changes in mitofusins (Mfn) 1–Mfn 2 expression and interaction in the due course of muscle development. Toward this, we used a series of histochemical techniques to compare neonatal and adult limb muscles (Gastrocnemius and Quadriceps) of Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus). Additionally, we probed the proximity between Mfn 1 and Mfn 2 using a highly sensitive antibody‐based proximity ligation assay indicating the change in mitochondrial fusion pattern or mitochondria‐SR interaction. The results show that neonatal fibers bear a uniform distribution of mitochondria while a differential pattern of distribution is seen in adults. The distribution of the blood vessels is also quite distinct in adult muscles with a well‐formed capillary network but in neonates, only central blood vessels are seen. Interestingly, our Mfn 1–Mfn 2 interaction data show that this interaction is uniformly distributed throughout the neonatal fibers, while it becomes peripherally localized in fibers of adult muscles. This peripheralization of Mfn 1–Mfn 2 interaction must be an important event of muscle development and might be critical to cater to the metabolic needs of adult muscle.
Stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 inhibition impairs triacylglycerol accumulation and lipid droplet formation in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Tracz‐Gaszewska Zuzanna , Sowka Adrian , Dobrzyn Pawel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIncreases in fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis meet the higher lipid demand by intensely proliferating cancer cells and promoting their progression. Stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is the key enzyme in FA biosynthesis, converting saturated FA (SFA) into monounsaturated FA (MUFA). Increases in the MUFA/SFA ratio and SCD1 expression have been observed in cancers of various origins and correlate with their aggressiveness. However, much is still unknown about the SCD1‐dependent molecular mechanisms that promote specific changes in metabolic pathways of cancer cells. The present study investigated the involvement of SCD1 in shaping glucose and lipid metabolism in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Excess FAs that derive from de novo lipogenesis are stored in organelles, called lipid droplets (LDs), mainly in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) and cholesteryl esters. LD accumulation is associated with key features of cancer development and progression. Consistent with our findings, the pharmacological inhibition of SCD1 activity affects CRC cell viability and impairs TAG accumulation and LD formation in these cells through the activation of lipolytic and lipophagic pathways. We showed that SCD1 suppression affects crucial lipogenic processes that promote lipid accumulation in CRC cells but in a sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1‐independent manner. We propose that adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase contributes to these changes through the activation of lipolysis and inhibition of TAG synthesis. We also provide evidence of the involvement of SCD1 in the regulation of glucose uptake and utilization in CRC cells. These findings underscore the importance of SCD1 in regulating cellular processes that promote cancer development and progression.