bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes in preeclampsia: A next‐generation therapeutic tool
Authors: Margiana Ria 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPreeclampsia (PE) is a major gestational disorder that causes both long‐ and short‐term damage to both the mother and the fetus. Endometrium decidualization and the formation of the placenta are orchestrated by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs obtained from patients with PE exhibit an elevated rate of aging and apoptosis, which impairs the interplay between MSCs and endothelium, trophoblast, and immune cells in the placenta, accelerating the onset of PE. Preclinical and clinical evidence imply that the MSC‐based therapy approach for PE is prospective. Importantly, as a novel cell‐free approach, MSC‐derived exosomes can improve symptoms and maternal–fetal survival in PE models by raising cell metabolism, encouraging angiogenesis balance, and regulating immune responses. Even following allogeneic administration, the likelihood of immune rejection is very limited as a result of the small quantity of exosome membrane‐bound proteins. Furthermore, because exosomes do not expand, developing tumors is not probable. As a result, MSC‐derived exosomes show superiority over MSCs in terms of safety. For the first time, we outline the properties of MSC‐exosomes and highlight their functions and potential as a new paradigm for PE therapy in this review.
Unleashing the potential of gene signatures as prognostic and predictive tools: A step closer to personalized medicine in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Authors: Pourbagheri‐Sigaroodi Atieh , Fallah Fatemeh , Bashash Davood , Karimi Abdollah 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the growing malignancies globally, affecting a myriad of people and causing numerous cancer‐related deaths. Despite therapeutic improvements in treatment strategies over the past decades, HCC still remains one of the leading causes of person‐years of life lost. Numerous studies have been conducted to assess the characteristics of HCC with the aim of predicting its prognosis and responsiveness to treatment. However, the identified biomarkers have shown limited sensitivity, and the translation of these findings into clinical practice has faced challenges. The development of sequencing techniques has facilitated the exploration of a wide range of genes, leading to the emergence of gene signatures. Although several studies assessed differentially expressed genes in normal and HCC tissues to find the unique gene signature with prognostic value, to date, no study has reviewed the task, and to the best of our knowledge, this review represents the first comprehensive analysis of relevant studies in HCC. Most gene signatures focused on immune‐related genes, while others investigated genes related to metabolism, autophagy, and apoptosis. Even though no identical gene signatures were found, NDRG1, SPP1, BIRC5, and NR0B1 were the most extensively studied genes with prognostic value. Finally, despite challenges such as the lack of consistent patterns in gene signatures, we believe that comprehensive analysis of pertinent gene signatures will bring us a step closer to personalized medicine in HCC, where treatment strategies can be tailored to individual patients based on their unique molecular profiles.
A Facile and General Tandem Oligonucleotide Synthesis Methodology for DNA and RNA
Authors: Saraya Jagandeep S. , O'Flaherty Derek K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTandem oligonucleotide synthesis (TOS) is an attractive strategy to increase automated oligonucleotide synthesis efficiency. TOS is accomplished via the introduction of an immolative linker within a single sequence composed of multiple oligonucleotide fragments. Here, we report the use of a commercially available building block, typically utilized for the chemical phosphorylation of DNA/RNA oligomers, to perform TOS. We show that the 2,2′‐sulfonyldiethylene linker is efficiently self‐immolated during the standard deprotection of DNA and RNA and presents itself as a generalizable methodology for nucleic acid TOS. Furthermore, we show the utility of this methodology by assembling a model siRNA construct, and showcase a template‐directed ligation pathway to incorporate phosphoramidate or pyrophosphate linkages within DNA oligomers.
Superinfected COVID‐19 in a young patient with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: A case report
Authors: Nasr Mohammad Javad , Khatir Ali Alizadeh , Kebria Fatemeh Abedi , Bazooyar Bahareh , Ebrahimpour Soheil , Gooran Azin 
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical MessagePosterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical syndrome with central nervous system (CNS) symptoms usually related to autoregulatory cerebral failure and high blood pressure. Neuroimaging is critical to diagnosis. Neurological presentations of COVID‐19 disease are categorized into CNS symptoms and peripheral nervous system (PNS) symptoms. The patient was a 15‐year‐old female with SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia who developed PRES with a typical clinical and radiological appearance. She was treated with dexamethasone, phenytoin, sodium valproate and remdesivir. The patient was discharged after recovery of symptoms and was in good general condition. It is recommended that in patients affected by COVID‐19 with neurological symptoms, the PRES can be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Anatomical variant of anteriorly extending mental foramen: A case report
Authors: Habash Ghassan , Beshtawi Khaled R. , Jayash Soher Nagi 
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical MessageBy sharing this case, we aim to enhance the understanding of the mental foramen's intricate morphology, ultimately promoting safer and more successful surgical practices in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery.AbstractIn surgical procedures near the mental foramen, preserving this vital structure and its contents is crucial. Surgical treatments, including procedures like implants, orthognathic surgery, and tooth extractions, can potentially lead to injuries of the mental nerve, resulting in sensory disturbances such as numbness or tingling in the lower lip and chin. This case report highlights an uncommon anterior extension of the mental foramen, posing a risk to the patient if unnoticed. Variations in this structure are possible, emphasizing the need for comprehensive three‐dimensional radiographic analysis before surgery to ensure patient safety. This report sheds light on the significance of identifying and understanding such variations to enhance the safety and precision of oral and maxillofacial interventions.
Subacute‐onset cataract in a 29‐year‐old man with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy: A case report
Authors: Chen Lu , Zhong Yueyang , Xu Jingjie , Fu Qiuli , Yao Ke 
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical MessageThis case report aims to emphasize that subacute occurrence of nuclear cataract might be one of the underestimated manifestations of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, thus periodical ophthalmologic examinations are recommended.
Regulating Ru−O Bonding Interactions by Ir Doping Boosts the Acid Oxygen Evolution Performance
Authors: Zeng Ji‐Shuang , Qian Zheng‐Xin , Zheng Qing‐Na , Tian Jing‐Hua , Zhang Hua , Li Jian‐Feng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHighly active and stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts are crucial for the large‐scale application of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers. However, the dynamic reconfiguration of the catalyst surface structure and active centers is still undefined, which greatly hinders the development and application of efficient OER catalysts. Herein, we report an Ir0.3Ru0.7Ox/C catalyst with a facile low‐temperature synthesis route, which can reach 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 217 mV with a Tafel slope as low as 39.4 mV dec−1, and yields a mass activity 61 times that of commercial IrO2/C at an overpotential of 300 mV. The lattice oxygen structure of RuOx is stabilized by the introduction of Ir species, thus greatly promoting the OER activity and durability. Further in situ Raman reveals that RuOx emerges as the active species at high potentials, and Ru−O bonding interactions are enhanced with Ir regulation, stabilizing the solvation of Ru at high potentials and accelerating the nucleophilic attack of water molecules, leading to the improved OER performance. This work deepens the fundamental understanding of OER and offers an effective way to advance the utilization of Ru‐based OER catalysts.
Enhanced CO2 Photoreduction with Noble Metal‐Modified CeO2‐Synthesis, Mechanisms, and Catalytic Insights: A Minireview
Authors: Zhao Hexiang , Yang Xiaowen , Duan Yingnan , Shen Zhurui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractComposite materials integrating precious metals (Au, Ag, Pd, Pt, Ru, Rh, Ir) with CeO2, a rare earth metal oxide, are increasingly utilized in photocatalytic CO2 reduction. CeO2, notable for its redox characteristics, oxygen storage capacity (OSC), and abundant oxygen vacancies (Ov), emerges as a key player in semiconductor catalyst research. The selection of precious metals and their application techniques are crucial in modifying CeO2′s wide bandgap and enhancing light absorption, thereby influencing the photocatalytic efficiency. Approaches for incorporating precious metals onto CeO2 include single atoms, metal clusters, and nanoparticles. This review provides an in‐depth analysis of the progress in composite photocatalysts comprising precious metals and CeO2 for CO2 reduction. It examines diverse modification strategies, such as particle size adjustment and heterojunction formation. The review concisely elucidates the principles behind converting CO2 into high‐value products (hydrocarbons, C1, C2, and C2+). Lastly, it addresses the challenges and future directions for precious metal‐CeO2 catalysts in photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Heterolytic H2 Activation in Heterogeneous Hydrogenation/Hydroprocessing Catalysis
Authors: Wan Kim Tae , Kim Dongun , Hyun Kim Soo , Suh Young‐Woong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn heterogeneous catalysis, heterolytic H2 activation for (selective) hydrogenation and hydroprocessing reactions involves the dissociation of adsorbed H2 molecules into proton (Hδ+) and hydride (Hδ−) on the catalyst surface. This approach offers several advantages, including high selectivity for polar bond (s), a low energy barrier for H2 dissociation, a high capacity for reaction‐favorable H2 adsorption, and reduced catalyst poisoning. This requires the construction of frustrated Lewis pairs on the catalyst surface, satisfying specific criteria, such as having an abundant quantity of Lewis pairs with steric hindrance and maintaining a certain distance of 3–5 Å between the pairs. This review highlights intrinsic catalyst properties for heterolytic H2 activation based on state‐of‐the‐art reports. The main components necessary for this activation include supports with strong basic sites and/or oxygen vacancies, and/or metals of single atom. For this purpose, designed catalytic materials aim to strengthen the Lewis acidity and basicity, improve the polarization of Lewis pairs, enrich oxygen vacancies, maximize the interfacial area between metal species and Lewis base, and enhance metal–support interaction. Therefore, heterogeneous catalysts retaining such heterolytic H2 activation characteristics will be significantly effective in various hydrogenation and hydroprocessing reactions.
Selective Electrosynthesis of Urea via C−N Coupling: Current Status, Challenges and Future Prospects
Authors: Gu Yaping , Wu Yurou , Chen Shanhu , Zhou Yangyang , Chen Chen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSelective electrosynthesis of urea from carbon source (CO2) and nitrogen (N2, NO3−, NO2−) source provides a sustainable strategy for production of essential nitrogen‐based fertilizers. The traditional technology of urea synthesis employs two consecutive processes, synthesis of NH3 from N2+H2 and urea from NH3+CO2, which always involves high energy consumption and environmental concerns. By contrast, urea electrosynthesis avoids the above harsh steps and meanwhile has higher atomic economy. Herein, we present a comprehensive review on the progress and prospect of urea electrosynthesis from abundant carbon and nitrogen sources via coupling of C−N under ambient conditions, and also discuss the mechanism researches, strategies of substrates activation, current challenges and future opportunities of urea electrosynthesis. The urea electrosynthesis via C−N coupling realizes abundant and low‐cost inorganic carbon and nitrogen sources for efficient resource utilization and provides guidance and reference for C−C, C−S or other coupling reactions.
Sodium Tetrakis(hexafluoroisopropyloxy)aluminates: Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterisation of a Room‐Temperature Solvated Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Ould Darren M. C. , Menkin Svetlana , Smith Holly E. , Riesgo‐González Víctor , Smith Thomas H. , Chinn Melissa N. B. , Jónsson Erlendur , Bond Andrew D. , Grey Clare P. , Wright Dominic S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInvited for this issue's Front Cover is the groups of Grey and Wright. The cover picture shows the chemical structure of sodium tetrakis(hexafluoroisopropyloxy)aluminate, with the sodium ion in the beach ball and the aluminate anion floating in a pool. The cover art uses a pool theme as the sodium aluminate salt synthesised in this work is a room‐temperature ionic liquid, thus the sodium salt in the pool represents this. The application of the salt in a sodium‐ion battery is shown in the cover design with the diving board acting as a battery, which can be seen by the positive and negative signs. Cover design by Demelza Lee. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/celc.202300381.
Thermochromic Afterglow from Benzene‐1,4‐Diboronic Acid‐Doped Co‐crystals
Authors: Kawaguchi Kaede , Sugawara Natsumi , Ito Masato , Kubo Yuji 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe accurate thermosensing requires a minimum impact of autofluorescence and light scattering from the samples. In this study, we discovered that commercially available benzene‐1,4‐diboronic acid (BDBA) doped co‐crystals with trimethylolpropane (TMP) exhibit excellent thermochromic dual phosphorescence properties over a wide temperature range from −132 to 40 °C, despite its simple structure that does not have any donor‐acceptor linkage. The dual phosphorescence was consisted of monomeric benzene‐1,4‐diboronate (BDBA ester) and aggregation‐stabilized species. With an increase in temperature, the emission intensity from the monomeric state significantly decreased, whereas that originating from the aggregated state remained almost constant owing to the difference in their thermal stabilities. Further investigation revealed that molecular distortions in singlet excited states enable efficient intersystem crossing, causing efficient phosphorescence from the monomeric state of BDBA ester.
Metal Clusters Based Multifunctional Materials for Solar Cells
Authors: Mai Sibei , Sun Jia , Fang Zihan , Xiao Guo‐Bin , Cao Jing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs a multifunctional material, metal clusters have recently received some attention for their application in solar cells.This review delves into the multifaceted role of metal clusters in advancing solar cell technologies, covering diverse aspects from electron transport and interface modification to serving as molecular precursors for inorganic materials and acting as photosensitizers in metal‐cluster sensitized solar cells (MCSSCs). The studies conducted by various researchers illustrate the crucial impact of metal clusters, such as gold nanoclusters (Au NCs), on enhancing solar cell efficiency through size‐dependent effects, distinct interface behaviors, and tailored interface engineering. From optimizing charge transfer rates to improving light absorption and reducing carrier recombination, metal clusters prove instrumental in shaping the landscape of solar energy conversion.The promising performance of metal‐cluster sensitized solar cells, coupled with their scalability and flexibility, positions them as a exciting avenue for future clean energy applications. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for continued interdisciplinary research and technological innovation to unlock the full potential of metal clusters in contributing to sustainable and high‐performance solar cells.
Effect of particle dispersion on electrochemical performance of Prussian blue analogues electrode materials for sodium ion batteries
Authors: Chen Wen Chao , Li Shi Jia , Xu Hai Yan , Xu Shao Hui , Fei Guang Tao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrussian blue analogues (PBAs) have advantages such as high voltage and low cost, making them one kind of the promising positive electrode materials for sodium‐ion batteries. Particle dispersion is a key physical parameter of electrode materials, and understanding its impact on electrochemical performance is a prerequisite for obtaining high‐performance PBAs. In this article, two PBAs samples with different particle dispersion were synthesized through sodium citrate‐assisted co‐precipitation method by means of staying and stirring. The influence of particle dispersion on electrochemical performance was investigated through polarization curve and AC impedance tests. It was found that PBAs with well‐dispersed particles exhibited excellent rate performance, with a capacity of ~120 mAh g−1 at 1 C rate and a capacity retention of 75 % after 100 cycles. The capacity retention rate could reach 63 % at 5 C rate, far higher than that of PBAs samples with poor particle dispersion. From the perspective of electrochemical kinetics analysis, it has been shown that PBAs with well‐dispersed particles exhibit smaller electrochemical polarization and faster Na+ diffusion reaction kinetics, which are key factors in achieving excellent rate performance.
UEDGE modeling of plasma detachment of CFETR with ITER‐like divertor geometry by external impurity seeding
Authors: Zhang M. Z. , Sang C. F. , Zhao M. L. , Rognlien T. D. , Zhang C. , Wang Y. L. , Bian Y. , Wang Y. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEfficient handling of high heat flux on the plasma‐facing components, particularly the divertor targets, poses a significant challenge for the Chinese Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor (CFETR) with fusion power of Gigawatt. This work investigates the divertor plasma detachment of CFETR with a standard ITER‐like divertor geometry by neon (Ne) or argon (Ar) impurity seeding using UEDGE code. The cross‐field drifts terms are switched off, and fluid neutral models and a “fixed‐fraction” impurity model are applied to enable efficient simulations for the study of CFETR detachment. In order to reduce the heat load on the divertor targets below the acceptable level (<10 MW/m2), the impurity fraction (f), pumping speed (S), and upstream density are varied to identify the suitable operations window during Ne seeding. The effects of Ne and Ar impurities on the plasma detachment are compared. It is found that with the power across the core‐edge interface PSOL = 200 MW and separatrix density of 2.8  1019 , Ne impurity fraction ≥1.7%, and Ar impurity fraction ≥0.24% can achieve the partial detachment. Achieving similar total radiation power (˜148 MW), the Ne fraction is 2.3% and the Ar fraction is 0.24%. Moreover, the simulation results indicate that Ar exhibits better power radiation efficiency and core compatibility compared with Ne.
Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in nasopharyngeal carcinoma with brain metastasis: A retrospective, single‐center study
Authors: Huang Nan , He Qian , Yang Yadi , Wang Xiaohui , Han Fei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundBrain metastasis is rare in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), with only anecdotal cases reported. Conducting a systematic study is crucial for improving the management of these patients.Materials and MethodsForty‐one patients with brain metastasis were retrospectively included between February 2000 and February 2023. The clinical characteristics and treatment information of patients were analyzed. Overall survival (OS) was estimated by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to explore prognostic factors.ResultsThe median OS for patients was 11.2 months, with a 3‐year OS rate of 16.3%. The number of extracranial metastatic organs (HR = 5.533, P = 0.041) and the response of extracranial tumors to treatment (HR = 0.079, P = 0.003) were independent prognostic factors in the cohort.ConclusionsBrain metastasis in NPC is a devastating condition that commonly occurs through hematogenous dissemination. Systemic therapy remains fundamental treatment, while local therapy for brain metastases may further improve survival in selected patients.
Diagnosis of chronic B‐cell lymphoproliferative disease in peripheral blood = how machine learning may help to the interpretation of flow cytometry data
Authors: Gross Zofia , Veyrat‐Masson Richard , Grange Béatrice , Huet Sarah , Verney Aurélie , Traverse‐Glehen Alexandra , Ruminy Philippe , Baseggio Lucile 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFlow cytometry (FCM) has become a method of choice for immunologic characterization of chronic lymphoproliferative disease (CLPD). To reduce the potential subjectivities of FCM data interpretation, we developed a machine learning random forest algorithm (RF) allowing unsupervised analysis. This assay relies on 16 parameters obtained from our FCM screening panel, routinely used in the exploration of peripheral blood (PB) samples (mean fluorescence intensity values (MFI) of CD19, CD45, CD5, CD20, CD200, CD23, HLA‐DR, CD10 in CD19‐gated B cells, ratio of kappa/Lambda, and different ratios of MFI B‐cells/T‐cells [CD20, CD200, CD23]). The RF algorithm was trained and validated on a large cohort of more than 300 annotated different CLPD cases (chronic B‐cell leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, splenic red pulp lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia) and non‐tumoral selected from PB samples. The RF algorithm was able to differentiate tumoral from non‐tumoral B‐cells in all cases and to propose a correct CLPD classification in more than 90% of cases. In conclusion the RF algorithm could be proposed as an interesting help to FCM data interpretation allowing a first B‐cells CLPD diagnostic hypothesis and/or to guide the management of complementary analysis (additional immunologic markers and genetic).
Prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of acute kidney injury in a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Esmaeili Zahra , Asgarian Fahimeh , Aghaei Moghadam Ehsan , Khosravi Amirali , Gharib Behdad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in pediatric cardiac intensive care unit (CICU). This study aims to identify the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of AKI in pediatrics admitted to a CICU unit of a tertiary hospital.MethodsWe retrospectively gathered the data of 253 randomly selected patients admitted to the CICU unit from March 2018 to March 2022. Data were collected from EHRs. We used the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria for identifying AKI in patients.ResultsOverall, AKI prevalence was 22.9% in our population. In the multivariable analysis, vancomycin intake (odds ratio [OR]: 2.109, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–3.84), angiography (OR: 4.38, 95% CI: 1.28–14.93), and mechanical ventilation (OR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.02–4.23) were independent risk factors of AKI development and patients with AKI had a higher in‐hospital mortality rate (OR: 5.81, 95% CI: 2.55–13.19), higher need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OR: 3.08, 95% CI: 1.17–8.09), and longer ICU length of stay (OR: 6.49, 95% CI: 3.31–9.67). Furthermore, furosemide administration was associated with lower risk of developing AKI (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.27–0.97).ConclusionAKI is common and is associated with worse outcomes in patients with congenital heart disease. Our results emphasize the importance of early identification and monitoring of AKI in the pediatric CICU setting.