bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionic interaction behavior and facilitated olefin transport in poly(n‐vinyl pyrrolidone):Silver triflate electrolytes; Effect of molecular weight
Authors: Kim Jong Hak , Min Byoung Ryul , Kim Chang Kon , Won Jongok , Kang Yong Soo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractInteractions of cation/anion and cation/polymer in poly(N‐vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP):silver triflate (AgCF3SO3) electrolytes with different weight‐average molecular weights (Mw's) of 1 × 106 (1 M), 3.6 × 105 (360 K), 4 × 104 (40 K), and 1 × 104 (10 K) have been studied with IR and Raman spectroscopies. According to the change of the CO peak, coordination of silver ions by CO in a low Mw (10 or 40 K) PVP matrix tend to be always thermodynamically favorable than high Mw (1 M or 360 K) PVP, demonstrating that the polymer matrix of low Mw dissolves silver salts more effectively. In addition, silver cations interact with both larger SO and smaller CF3 to form ion pairs, and the former interaction is stronger than the latter in a monomer or low Mw polymer matrix (40 K, 10 K), as demonstrated by theoretical ab initio calculation or experimental spectroscopy, respectively. However, CF3 interacts more favorably with silver cation than SO in high Mw (1 M and 360 K) PVP, which is ascribed to the steric effect of the bulky SO anion by highly entangled polymer chains. Despite the superior dissolving property of the low Mw polymer matrix, the membranes consisting of low Mw PVP and AgCF3SO3 exhibited poor separation performance for propylene/propane mixtures in comparison with those of high Mw, presumably because of the poor mechanical property for membrane formation in low Mw PVP. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 1813–1820, 2002
Synthesis and characterization of difluor‐aniline polymers
Authors: Rubio L. L. , Castillo‐Ortega M. M. , Rejon L. , Olayo R. , Cruz G. J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractUndoped and chlorine doped difluoraniline polymers (PDFA) were synthesized and characterized to study the electric behavior of polyanilines with three different fluorine disubstitutions in the benzene rings that could produce polarizable molecules. The structures of the resulting polymers were studied by infrared spectroscopy focusing in the oxidation degree in the polymers. A discussion of the molecular weight of PDFAs as measured by light scattering in different solvents is presented, since the polymers form aggregates depending on the solvent used, the position of the fluorine substitutions, the doping level and the temperature. The aggregates in polarizable polymer solutions can produce wrong estimations in the molecular weight if the influence of temperature is not considered. The PDFAs thermal and electroconductivity analysis also showed dependence on the position of the fluorine substitutions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2130–2136, 2002
Novel characterization of the crystalline segment distribution and its effect on the crystallization of branched polyethylene by differential scanning calorimetry
Authors: Teng Hongxiang , Shi Yi , Jin Xigao 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBased on a thermal segregation treatment, a novel semiquantitative method for the characterization of the crystalline segment distribution in branched polyethylene copolymers was established by the results of differential scanning calorimetry being treated with the Gibbs–Thomson equation. The method was used to describe the segment distribution of Ziegler–Natta‐catalyzed linear low‐density polyethylene (Z–N LLDPE), metallocene‐catalyzed linear low‐density polyethylene (m‐LLDPE), and a commercial linear low‐density polyethylene with a wide molecular weight distribution. The isothermal crystallization kinetics of Z–N LLDPE and m‐LLDPE were studied to assess the effect of different segment distributions. According to their molecular characteristics, the crystallization behaviors were analyzed. They indicated that the different segment distributions of the two polymers resulted in different crystallization processes, including the nucleation and growth of crystals under various crystallization conditions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2107–2118, 2002
Nature and distribution of frozen saline sediments on the Russian Arctic coast
Authors: Brouchkov Anatoli 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFrozen saline sediments are widely distributed along the Russian Arctic coast and in other regions. They have unique properties and are characterized by low bearing capacity. The origin of the salinity is related to seashore processes. The salts within porous solutions are partially taken out upon freezing, and redistributed. Salt moves, together with water, to the freezing front of clay deposits, and, by contrast, away from the freezing front in sand. Salinization is determined by both the conditions at formation, and subsequent processes at cryogenic temperatures. An increase in salinization with depth is observed. This is most likely caused by moving of salts from the upper permafrost layers as the result of the migration of pore water. Salinization in general increases with an increase in ice content. Changes in salinization cause changes of cryogenic structure. An important feature of the saline soils of the Russian Arctic coast is their heterogeneity. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of salmeterol on arterial oxyhemoglobin saturations in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Salvatore Donatello , D'Andria Michele 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSleep‐related oxygen desaturation has been described in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Thus we studied the effects of inhaled Salmeterol xinafoate, a long‐acting beta‐2 agonist, on transcutaneous oxyhemoglobin saturation in sleeping, stable CF patients. Patients with stable CF (n = 23) were divided into responders and nonresponders to beta‐2 agonists, based on an albuterol challenge during daytime testing, and then they received salmeterol before sleep, in a double‐blind crossover design. Overnight oxyhemoglobin saturation measurements and spirometry on awakening were performed.Salmeterol administration before sleep resulted in statistically significant increases in mean arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation and in FEV1 and FEF25–75 on awakening compared to placebo values, but only in patients responding to daytime albuterol inhalation by showing improvement in lung function.We conclude that salmeterol inhalation at bedtime could prevent or reduce nocturnal hypoxemia in daytime albuterol‐responsive CF patients, thus improving the long‐term clinical outcome of CF lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:11–15. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulmonary hypoplasia with an unusual prenatal history
Authors: Takahashi Ritsuko , Kakizawa Hideyuki , Itow Takeshi , Yamada Masaaki , Nakae Shingi , Shintaku Yoshiyuki , Nagata Michio , Nakayama Masahiro 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe describe a monochorionic, diamniotic twin with renal agenesis who received amniotic fluid from his normal co‐twin by spontaneous rupture of the amniotic septum between them. By 16 weeks of gestation the presence of severe oligohydramnios in one twin had resulted in renal agenesis, but not in the other twin, who did not have oligohydramnios. By 20 weeks of gestation, the two amniotic fluid volumes had become the same in both twins. At 33 weeks, the twins were delivered by cesarean section. Despite intensive respiratory care, the twin with renal agenesis died from severe pneumomediastinum on day 3. At autopsy, pulmonary hypoplasia was demonstrated in that twin. This experiment of nature demonstrates that oligohydramnios during the early canalicular stage of pulmonary development (gestational age, 16–20 weeks) may be pathogenically important in pulmonary hypoplasia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:218–221. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of urocortin mRNA and peptide in the human prostate and in prostatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Arcuri Felice , Cintorino Marcella , Florio Pasquale , Floccari Federica , Pergola Loreta , Romagnoli Roberta , Petraglia Felice , Tosi Piero , Teresa del Vecchio Maria 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDUrocortin (UCN) is a recently described neuropeptide member of the CRF family, responsible for the secretion of the proopiomelanocortin‐derived peptides from the pituitary gland. Although previous results have demonstrated the synthesis of several neuroendocrine factors in the prostate, no studies have been carried out on the expression of UCN in the human gland.METHODSUCN expression was evaluated in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic tumor tissues by RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry.RESULTSUCN mRNA and peptide were demonstrated in all specimens tested. In nonneoplastic tissues, UCN was localized in the secretory luminal epithelial and basal layer cells, in the smooth muscle component of the stroma, and in lymphoid infiltrates. An intense immunostaining was evident in prostate adenocarcinoma cells.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the present study demonstrate for the first time UCN expression in the human prostate and in prostate cancer, and suggest a potential involvement of UCN in prostate physiopathology. Prostate 52:167–172, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Direct effect of zinc on mitochondrial apoptogenesis in prostate cells
Authors: Feng Pei , Li Tie‐Luo , Guan Zhi‐Xin , Franklin Renty B. , Costello Leslie C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate epithelial cells uniquely accumulate significantly higher levels of zinc than other mammalian cells. We previously showed that the accumulation of high intracellular zinc levels in specific prostate cells results in the induction of apoptosis and the inhibition of cell growth. The apoptotic effect is due to zinc induction of mitochondrial apoptogenesis. We now report additional studies that corroborate this effect of zinc and provide insight into the mechanism of this unique effect.METHODSThe effect of exposure to physiological levels of zinc on apoptosis was determined for three human prostate cell lines (PC‐3, BPH, and HPR‐1). Zinc‐induced apoptosis was identified by DNA fragmentation. The direct effect of zinc on isolated mitochondrial preparations from each cell line was determined. The mitochondrial release of cytochrome c was determined by Western blot.RESULTSExposure to zinc induced apoptosis in PC‐3 and BPH cells but not in HPR‐1 cells. The zinc accumulation in PC‐3 (4.3 ± 0.3) and BPH (2.8 ± 0.4) was higher than that in HPR‐1 cells (1.8 ± 0.1). The apoptotic effect of zinc on PC‐3 cells could be observed as early as 4–6 hr of zinc treatment, and this effect was not reversible. The exposure of isolated mitochondria from PC‐3 and BPH cells to zinc resulted in the release of cytochrome c; but zinc had no effect on mitochondria from HPR‐1 cells.CONCLUSIONSExposure to zinc induces apoptosis in PC‐3 and BPH cells, which accumulate high intracellular levels of zinc, but not in HPR‐1 cells, which do not accumulate high levels of zinc. Once initiated, the induction of apoptosis is not reversed by the removal of zinc, i.e., it is an irreversible process. The apoptogenic effect is due to a direct effect of zinc on mitochondria that results in the release of cytochrome c. The cell specificity of zinc induction of apoptogenesis is dependent on the ability of the cells to accumulate high levels of intracellular zinc and on the ability of the mitochondria to respond to the direct effect of zinc. Prostate 52: 311–318, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss of heterozygosity at 7q31.1 and 12p13‐12 in advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Kawana Yoko , Ichikawa Tomohiko , Suzuki Hiroyoshi , Ueda Takeshi , Komiya Akira , Ichikawa Yayoi , Furuya Yuzo , Akakura Koichiro , Igarashi Tatsuo , Ito Haruo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAllelic losses on chromosome arms 2q, 3p, 5q, 6q, 7q, 8p, 9p, 10p, 10q, 11p, 11q, 12p, 13q, 16q, 17p, 17q, 18q, and 21q are reportedly associated with progression and/or initiation of prostate cancer. In the present study, we performed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of polymorphic microsatellite loci on the human chromosomes 7 and 12p13‐12 in prostate cancer tissue to investigate the extent of involvement of these regions, which may contain putative tumor suppressor genes.METHODSTissue samples were obtained at autopsy from 17 men who died of hormone‐refractory prostate cancer at Chiba University, Japan, and affiliated hospitals between June of 1992 and June of 1995. DNA from normal tumor or metastatic tissue was used as the template for PCR amplification of a set of 16 polymorphic microsatellite loci on human chromosome 7 and 6 loci on the human chromosome region 12p13‐12.RESULTSThe frequencies of cases with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 7q31.1 were 8% in primary tumor tissue and 11% in metastatic tissue. The frequencies of cases with LOH at 12p13‐12 were 12% in primary tumor tissue and 25% in metastatic tumor tissue.CONCLUSIONSIn the present study, the frequencies of LOH at 7q31.1 were lower than in Western patients, suggesting that LOH in this region is not related to progression of prostate cancer in Japanese patients. The frequency of LOH at 12p13‐12 was similar to that reported in Western countries, indicating that 12p13‐12 may contain a tumor suppressor gene of prostate cancer. Prostate 53: 60–64, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Linkage between polymorphisms in the prostate specific antigen ARE1 gene region, prostate cancer risk, and circulating tumor cells
Authors: Medeiros Rui , Morais Antonio , Vasconcelos André , Costa Sandra , Pinto Daniela , Oliveira Jorge , Carvalho Rodrigo , Lopes Carlos 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe prostate specific antigen (PSA) gene has a polymorphic androgen response element (ARE) sequence with two alleles, A and G. PSA A‐allele carriers have higher serum PSA levels in healthy men (HM).METHODSWe analysed DNA samples from 278 (556 alleles) unrelated individuals, 127 HM and 151 prostate cancer (PC) patients, for PSA ARE1 genotypes.RESULTSThe analysis of the frequencies from the 556 alleles indicates a significant overrepresentation of A‐allele in the PC group under the age of 67 compared with the HM group (63.3% vs. 48.8%; P = 0.009). We found that men carrying two A‐alleles have increased risk for PC onset under the age of 67 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–7.86; P = 0.013). Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed this association (OR = 1.82; 95% CI, 1.03–3.22; P = 0.037). Furthermore, the homozygosity for the A‐allele was associated with higher serum PSA levels (P = 0.027) and with the presence of circulating tumor cells in the blood of PC patients (P = 0.018).CONCLUSIONOur results indicate that polymorphism in the PSA gene promoter may be an important biomarker for prostate cancer risk, especially for an earlier onset of PC. Prostate 53: 88–94, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Entropic benefit of a cross‐link in protein association
Authors: Zaman Muhammad H. , Berry R. Stephen , Sosnick Tobin R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe introduce a method to estimate the loss of configurational entropy upon insertion of a cross‐link to a dimeric system. First, a clear distinction is established between the loss of entropy upon tethering and binding, two quantities that are often considered to be equivalent. By comparing the probability distribution of the center‐to‐center distances for untethered and cross‐linked versions, we are able to calculate the loss of translational entropy upon cross‐linking. The distribution function for the untethered helices is calculated from the probability that a given helix is closer to its partner than to all other helices, the “Nearest Neighbor” method. This method requires no assumptions about the nature of the solvent, and hence resolves difficulties normally associated with calculations for systems in liquids. Analysis of the restriction of angular freedom upon tethering indicates that the loss of rotational entropy is negligible. The method is applied in the context of the folding of a ten turn helical coiled coil with the tether modeled as a Gaussian chain or a flexible amino acid chain. After correcting for loop closure entropy in the docked state, we estimate the introduction of a six‐residue tether in the coiled coil results in an effective concentration of the chain to be about 4 or 100 mM, depending upon whether the helices are denatured or pre‐folded prior to their association. Thus, tethering results in significant stabilization for systems with millimolar or stronger dissociation constants. Proteins 2002;48:341–351. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prediction of an HMG‐box fold in the C‐terminal domain of histone H1: Insights into its role in DNA condensation
Authors: Bharath M.M. Srinivas , Chandra Nagasuma R. , Rao M.R.S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn eukaryotes, histone H1 promotes the organization of polynucleosome filaments into chromatin fibers, thus contributing to the formation of an important structural framework responsible for various DNA transaction processes. The H1 protein consists of a short N‐terminal “nose,” a central globular domain, and a highly basic C‐terminal domain. Structure prediction of the C‐terminal domain using fold recognition methods reveals the presence of an HMG‐box‐like fold. We recently showed by extensive site‐directed and deletion mutagenesis studies that a 34 amino acid segment encompassing the three S/TPKK motifs, within the C‐terminal domain, is responsible for DNA condensing properties of H1. The position of these motifs in the predicted structure corresponds exactly to the DNA‐binding segments of HMG‐box‐containing proteins such as Lef‐1 and SRY. Previous analyses have suggested that histone H1 is likely to bend DNA bound to the C‐terminal domain, directing the path of linker DNA in chromatin. Prediction of the structure of this domain provides a framework for understanding the higher order of chromatin organization. Proteins 2002;49:71–81. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Meta‐analysis of QTc interval – pooling data from heterogeneous trials
Authors: Webber Dawn M. , Montague Timothy H. , Bird Nick P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA diverse range of non‐cardiovascular drugs are associated with QT interval prolongation, which may be associated with a potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmia known as torsade de pointes. QT interval has been assessed for two recent submissions at GlaxoSmithKline. Meta‐analyses of ECG data from several clinical pharmacology studies were conducted for the two submissions. A general fixed effects meta‐analysis approach using summaries of the individual studies was used to calculate a pooled estimate and 90% confidence interval for the difference between each active dose and placebo following both single and repeat dosing separately. The meta‐analysis approach described provided a pragmatic solution to pooling complex and varied studies, and is a good way of addressing regulatory questions on QTc prolongation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibitory effects of echinoisoflavanone and sophoraisoflavanone D in Sophora chrysophylla SEEM on copper ion‐induced protein oxidative modification of mouse brain homogenate in vitro
Authors: Toda Shizuo , Shirataki Yoshiaki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe present the results of an in vitro investigation of the inhibitory effects of echinoisoflavanone and sophoraisoflavanone D isolated from Sophora chrysophylla SEEM on copper‐induced protein oxidative modification of mouse brain homogenate in vitro. They inhibited copper‐induced protein oxidative modification. The order of inhibitory effects of these isoflavanones and mannitol as a hydroxyl radical scavenger was sophoraisoflavanone D > mannitol > echinoisoflavanone.The results suggest that these natural products may be of use in cases where oxidative stress is present. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does placebo continue to please or merely placate?
Authors: Charnley Nickols Pamela 
Published: October 2002

Abstract‘The current paradigm is that a placebo‐controlled design is the gold standard for proving efficacy’ (Drug Inform J, 2001; 35:1147). Although International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) Guideline E10 (Proceedings of the International Conference on Harmonisation, European Agency for the Evaluation of Medical Products; London, UK, July 27, 2000) reinforces this view, E10 appears to underestimate the problems associated with such studies. Disadvantages are mentioned in E10 and include ethical concerns, patient and investigator concerns and problems of generalisability but the guideline underplays these concerns, particularly the ethical aspects. The Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association: Edinburgh, Scotland, October 2000) reflects changing public and professional opinion about the acceptability of placebo controls and the Edinburgh 2000 version is perceived as a firmer statement of this than previously. The role of placebo is viewed as increasingly less acceptable in the light of ongoing development of more numerous and effective treatments. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Society of Quality Assurance ‐ council on professional registration
Authors: Klahm Lynn 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEarly in 1993, the Society of Quality Assurance (SQA) Board of Directors established the Professional Certification Com‐mittee (PCC) to address the utility, feasibility and acceptability of professional certification for the quality assurance professional. This article presents an overview of the development of the Council on Professional Registration, data on the examinations 1997 to 2001, and a listing of those individuals who participated in the development of the program and the Council. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some notes on the construction and evaluation of supersaturated designs
Authors: Holcomb Don R. , Carlyle W. Matthew 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSupersaturated designs offer a potentially useful way to investigate many factors with few experiments. A super‐saturated design evaluates $m$ factors with $n$ experiments, where $m \geq n-1$. In some supersaturated designs the number of factors being investigated may exceed the number of experiments by a factor of three or more. The problem of developing a supersaturated design is described in computational complexity terms and methods of construction are discussed. Using standard combinatorial formulation may permit researchers to use additional methods to develop additional designs. Designs are generated with a modified method and compared with published designs using existing criteria and a new criterion. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Charge transfer mechanism in N4+ + He and B3+ + He/H2 ion–atom/molecule collisions
Authors: Tergiman Y. S. , Fraija F. , Bacchus‐Montabonel M. C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAb initio potential energy curves and coupling matrix elements of the molecular states involved in the collision of the N4+(2s)2S and B3+(1s2)1S multicharged ions on the helium atom or molecular hydrogen have been determined by means of configuration interaction methods. The total and partial electron capture cross‐sections have been evaluated in the frame of a semiclassic approach in the 1‐ to 100‐keV laboratory energy range and compared to experimental data. A comparative study of both targets is performed in the case of the B3+ ion. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
Formulation of Strutinsky's method for atomic systems in the extended Kohn–Sham scheme
Authors: Kuleff A. I. , Delchev Y. I. , Yotov P. Tz. , Mineva Tz. , Maruani J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractStrutinsky's standard averaging method is formulated in the framework of the extended Kohn–Sham scheme and a two‐step procedure permitting the application of the method is proposed. A Taylor‐series expansion of the ground‐state energy‐function of the occupation numbers is derived, which involves the averaged energy as the leading term and shell corrections as smaller terms. Numerical applications for atoms and ions from Be through Ar are presented and discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002