bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A practical guide to public involvement with children and young people in dental research
Authors: Morgan Emma , Preston Jennifer , Albadri Sondos 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Public involvement (PI) in health research is an umbrella term which describes the process by which research is undertaken ‘with' or ‘by' people rather than ‘to', ‘about' or ‘for' them. The United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child provides children and young people (CYP) with a comprehensive set of human rights. In line with Article 12, every child has a right to express their views in all matters which may affect them. Additionally, there has been increased expectation from funders for PI to be demonstrated as part of research. While PI encompasses all activities which aim to involve CYP, they can be categorised into different levels, including consultation, collaboration and user-led. CYP can be involved in many different aspects of research, from research question identification, research design and dissemination. Despite this, there may be challenges to delivering PI, such as funding and time. Using the basic principles outlined in this paper, there is opportunity for involvement of CYP in a range of settings to produce meaningful involvement with CYP.
Advances in knowledge and practice benefiting the health and management of first permanent molars in children
Authors: Taylor Greig D. , Bulmer Victoria 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
First permanent molars (FPMs) remain the most affected teeth by dental conditions in childhood. Maintaining the health of FPMs should be prioritised by dental professionals. However, if subjected to unfavourable circumstances, FPMs can become compromised and impact the child negatively. In this article, we highlight current thinking and provide practical tips to prevent FPMs from becoming compromised. The importance of including the young person in decision-making and the influence different dental conditions might have on management of FPMs are discussed. Finally, the impact and treatment options available for FPMs should they become compromised are explored, focusing on the main question of whether to restore or extract these teeth.
Dietary fiber content in clinical ketogenic diets modifies the gut microbiome and seizure resistance in mice
Authors: Özcan Ezgi , Yu Kristie B. , Dinh Lyna , Lum Gregory R. , Lau Katie , Hsu Jessie , Arino Mariana , Paramo Jorge , Lopez-Romero Arlene , Hsiao Elaine Y. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The gut microbiome modulates the anti-seizure effects of the ketogenic diet, but how specific dietary formulations differentially modify the gut microbiome in ways that impact seizure outcome is poorly understood. We find that medical ketogenic infant formulas vary in macronutrient ratio, fat source, and fiber content and differentially promote resistance to 6-Hz seizures in mice. Dietary fiber, rather than fat ratio or source, drives substantial metagenomic shifts in a model human infant microbial community. Addition of fiber to a fiber-deficient ketogenic formula restores seizure resistance, and supplementing protective formulas with excess fiber potentiates seizure resistance. By screening 13 fiber sources and types, we identify metagenomic responses in the model community that correspond with increased seizure resistance. Supplementing with seizure-protective fibers enriches microbial genes related to queuosine biosynthesis and preQ0 biosynthesis and decreases genes related to sucrose degradation and TCA cycle, which are also seen in seizure-protected mice that are fed fiber-containing ketogenic formulas. This study reveals that different formulations of ketogenic diets, and dietary fiber content in particular, differentially impact seizure outcome in mice, likely by modifying the gut microbiome. Understanding interactions between diet, microbiome, and host susceptibility to seizures could inform novel microbiome-guided approaches to treat refractory epilepsy.
Consequences of COVID-19 for geriatric patients during a pandemic
Authors: Wemhöner Ludwig , Brandts Charlotte , Dinse Hannah , Skoda Eva-Maria , Jansen Sarah , Teufel Martin , Rohn Hana , Dodel Richard 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To investigate the outcomes of geriatric COVID-19 patients in a German academic setting during the pandemic. This study included 468 consecutive geriatric patients (≥ 70 years) who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and were treated at the University of Duisburg-Essen from 2/2020 to 3/2021. 74 patients were transferred to a geriatric hospital and a 12-month follow-up (prospective study) was performed in 51 patients. Clinical assessments evaluated depression (GDS), apathy (AES), cognitive status (MMST), mobility (TUG), health status (EQ-5D-5 L), and daily living activities (Barthel Index). Demographic and clinical data were also analyzed. Results showed that the mortality in this vulnerable group was 52% (n = 209). Long-term survival was higher in patients who received comprehensive geriatric treatment (74.3% vs. 51.8%). The duration of inpatient stay at the primary hospital was 13.3 ± 3.6 days, with 28.8% (n = 135) requiring intensive care. At the 12-month mark more patients with geriatric treatment lived in nursing homes. Barthel-Index/Timed-Up-and-Go-Test/MMST/AES/GDS, and EQ-5D-5 L indicated worse outcomes in the group who received geriatric treatment. Specialized geriatric care may improve survival in geriatric COVID-19 patients despite decreased long-term outcomes. Further research, including international studies like NAPKON, are encouraged to confirm these findings and explore potential interventions for improved outcomes in this vulnerable population.
Machine learning to identify environmental drivers of phytoplankton blooms in the Southern Baltic Sea
Authors: Berthold Maximilian , Nieters Pascal , Vortmeyer-Kley Rahel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Phytoplankton blooms exhibit varying patterns in timing and number of peaks within ecosystems. These differences in blooming patterns are partly explained by phytoplankton:nutrient interactions and external factors such as temperature, salinity and light availability. Understanding these interactions and drivers is essential for effective bloom management and modelling as driving factors potentially differ or are shared across ecosystems on regional scales. Here, we used a 22-year data set (19 years training and 3 years validation data) containing chlorophyll, nutrients (dissolved and total), and external drivers (temperature, salinity, light) of the southern Baltic Sea coast, a European brackish shelf sea, which constituted six different phytoplankton blooming patterns. We employed generalized additive mixed models to characterize similar blooming patterns and trained an artificial neural network within the Universal Differential Equation framework to learn a differential equation representation of these pattern. Applying Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics uncovered algebraic relationships in phytoplankton:nutrient:external driver interactions. Nutrients availability was driving factor for blooms in enclosed coastal waters; nutrients and temperature in more open regions. We found evidence of hydrodynamical export of phytoplankton, natural mortality or external grazing not explicitly measured in the data. This data-driven workflow allows new insight into driver-differences in region specific blooming dynamics.
Inversion of interlayer scale using dynamic data of production wells in bottom water reservoirs: Sangtamu Oilfield, Tarim basin
Authors: Dou Mengjiao , Li Shaohua , Bian Wanjiang , Wang Huan , Chang Lunjie , Zhu Zhengjun , Li Jun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The target reservoir is a typical blocky bottom water reservoir. There are several interlayers of varying scales inside it, which impact the characteristics of the oil production and water breakthrough curves of the wells in the water flooding development oilfield, resulting in strong heterogeneity within the reservoir. The Sangtamu Oilfield has an average well spacing of approximately 600 m, causing a challenge in accurately identifying the range of small-scale interlayer spreading. This, in addition, challenges the subsequent 3D geological modeling process. This paper proposes a method to accurately characterize the size of various interlayers in a reservoir by using production dynamics data from bottom water reservoirs to invert the interlayer scale. By classifying the water breakthrough curve styles derived from theoretical testing, the range of reservoir internal interlayer scales is compared and inverted based on the actual water breakthrough styles of wells in the Sangtamu oil field. In the process, many interlayer scales derived from various types of geologic data acquisition were combined to form a quantitative geologic knowledge database of interlayers that synthesizes both dynamic and static data. This method has been applied in the Tarim Basin’s Sangtamu Oilfield, where the reservoir numerical simulation history was used to fit the model. This resulted in an overall fitting coincidence rate of 96% in the Sangtamu Oilfield and a single-well fitting coincidence rate of over 90% in well LN14. This method offers a new viewpoint on characterizing the interlayer’s scale in the area of the non-dense well network.
Noninvasive diagnosis model for predicting significant liver inflammation in patients with chronic hepatitis B in the immune-tolerant phase
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Huang Lu , Chu Yili , Lian Jiangshan , Shao Hui , Wang Tingting , Zou Xuehan , Huang Haijun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The presence of significant liver inflammation is an important indication for antiviral therapy in immune-tolerant (IT)phase with chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients. This study aims to establish a non-invasive model to assess significant liver inflammation in the IT-phase of CHB patients. This multicenter retrospective study included a total of 535 IT-phase CHB patients who underwent liver biopsy, and were randomly divided into a training and a validation set. In the training cohort, the relevant indices were initially screened using univariate analysis. Then the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify the significant independent risk factors and establish a predictive model. A diagnostic nomogram was constructed. Calibration curves, decision curve analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curves were utilized to evaluate the performance of the nomogram. In this study, 37.0% of the patients exhibited significant liver inflammation. Baseline characteristics revealed a median age of 35.0 years, with males accounting for 51.7% of the cohort. Age, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Prothrombin (PT), Albumin (ALB) and Hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA) were identified as independent predictors of significant liver inflammation in the immune-tolerant phase, and a nomogram was constructed based on these indicators. The predictive model demonstrated good calibration and discrimination in both the training set and the validation set (aera under the curve (AUC) of 0.741 and 0.740, respectively). The nomogram can accurately identify significant liver inflammation in immune-tolerant phase CHB patients and facilitate the early initiation of antiviral therapy, thereby reducing the need for clinical liver biopsies.
Unveiling the complex morphologies of sessile droplets on heterogeneous surfaces
Authors: Wu Yanchen , Zhang Hongmin , Wang Fei , Nestler Britta 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Droplets exhibiting a myriad of shapes on surfaces are ubiquitous in both nature and industrial applications. In high-resolution manufacturing processes, e.g., semiconductor chips, precise control over wetting shapes is crucial for production accuracy. Despite the high demand for describing droplet wetting shapes and their transformations across a wide range of applications, a robust model for precisely depicting complex three-dimensional (3D) wetting droplet shapes on heterogeneous surfaces remains elusive. Herein, we fill this gap by developing a universal, high-precision model that accurately describes wetting shapes, including those with polygonal baselines and irregular footprints. Our model reveals the intricate wetting morphologies beyond the classic Young’s law and Cassie-Baxter-Wenzel models. Besides, it aligns quantitatively with physical simulations for various droplet volumes. This work provides a potential method to achieve highly complex morphologies of droplets via low-cost beforehand design of the surfaces, thereby opening up potential applications in 3D printing, printed electronics, and microfluidics.
Development and Pilot Implementation of a Theory-Based Cognitive Rehabilitation Protocol for Adults With Chronic Cognitive Complaints After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Turkstra Lyn S. , Ray Melissa R. , LeBlanc M. Marina , Lu Lisa H. , Curtiss Glenn , Bowles Amy O. , Eapen Blessen C. , Cooper Douglas B. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to describe the development of and pilot feasibility outcomes for a strategy-based, brief, intensive cognitive rehabilitation intervention delivered to U.S. service members and veterans with mild traumatic brain injury in a recently completed 3-year pragmatic clinical trial: Symptom-Targeted Approach to Rehabilitation for Concussion (STAR-C).

Method:
To develop STAR-C, we used the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System to identify core elements and principles from a previous randomized clinical trial of cognitive rehabilitation, and incorporated principles of neuroplasticity (e.g., high-dose spaced practice of personally meaningful tasks), best clinical practices (e.g., client-centered goal setting), health psychology (e.g., a focus on self-efficacy and motivation), and community-based participation research (e.g., the protocol was co-designed by clinicians and researchers). Treatment was based on a resource-allocation theory of everyday cognitive challenges, which predicted that automatic strategy use would reduce cognitive demands of everyday activities and therefore reduce cognitive symptoms. Treatment was delivered by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and occupational therapists (OTs), using a protocol that included a problem-focused intake questionnaire, manualized treatment, and clinician resources. Therapy was delivered individually in six to 10 virtual or in-person sessions over 3–4 weeks. Therapy focused on desired changes in function, scaled using Goal Attainment Scaling.

Results:
Trained SLPs and OTs delivered STAR-C to 53 U.S. service members and veterans, with treatment fidelity > 95%. Participants and clinicians rated STAR-C as acceptable, feasible, and appropriate, and most participants attained and maintained targets.

Conclusion:
STAR-C appears to be a feasible method for improving everyday cognitive performance and efficacy should be tested in a controlled study.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28222613
Distribution network clustering for reactive power planning and distributed voltage control
Authors: Hasanvand Saeed , Sobhani Hossein , Khooban Mohammad‐Hassan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAccording to the inherent characteristics of power systems, the voltage reduction is different in each part of power system. The voltage drop is directly proportional to the demand current and the total impedance between the source and the loads. Therefore, in distribution system voltage/VAr control is more important rather than transmission network, because of higher line R/X ratios rather than the transmission network and customers or end‐users receive power through a higher impedance and experience a larger voltage drop in distribution system. This work presents multistage optimal reactive power planning and clustering the distribution network to implement distributed voltage/VAr control approach. At first, reactive power planning to reduce active power losses and save costs has been investigated. According to the result of the first stage, the power system is clustered into some partitions using spectral clustering and reactive power weighted matrix. The optimal number of clusters has been evaluated and determined by four criteria and the clusters are defined by fuzzy c‐mean method which gives better vision about cluster boundaries. Finally, a sensitivity‐based approach has been used to determine the precise location of VAr resources and the results show that voltage/VAr control in a clustered distribution system has more acceptable outcomes rather than centralized voltage/VAr control in the whole distribution network.
Design of hollow tapered PMMA polymeric microneedles for enhanced structural stability and drug delivery efficiency
Authors: Gera Aswani Kumar , Burra Rajesh Kumar 
Published: January 2025

Microneedles have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional, or so-called hypodermic, needles for transdermal drug delivery. A meticulous design of microneedle geometry is crucial for balancing mechanical stability and fluid flow of drugs through these microneedles. This research paper analyzes the mechanical performance and fluid flow behavior of hollow cylindrical tapered shaped microneedles with polymethyl methacrylate, a biocompatible polymer, as material, considering its mechanical properties and also the material being widely used in biomedical applications. The finite element analysis tool is used to enhance the microneedle design by varying the outer base radius and tip radii to mitigate the von Mises stress that is exhibited during axial load and bending load conditions. In addition, microfluidic analysis is to assess the fluid flow behavior through the hollow microneedles, measuring the flow rates of fluids (water, glucose, and insulin).Simulated results reveal that an axial stress of 3.26 × 106 N/m2 and bending stress of 2.31 × 107 N/m2 were reported, which are below the yield strength of the material and satisfy the criteria for successful microneedle penetration. Flow rate analysis of water reports that 834.42 μl/min and 5396.94 μl/min and for glucose as 412 μl/min and 3648 μl/min, and that of insulin as 834 μl/min and 5244 μl/min for applied inlet pressure of 10 and 100 kPa, respectively. The flow rates reveal that water and insulin exhibit nearly identical flow rates, indicating that the proposed microneedles are capable of efficiently delivering viscous fluids.
Dry matter and fiber yields, and the fiber characteristics of five nettle clones (Urtica dioica L.) organically grown in Austria for potential textile use
Authors: Hartl Anna , Vogl Christian R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFiber nettle (Urtica dioica L.) has potential as a fiber crop in the natural textiles industry, an industry requiring production by organic methods. No recent data on yield potentials and quality of this crop using these methods are available to farmers. Five fiber nettle clones were cultivated between 1997 and 1999 in a randomized block design with four replications per clone on an organic farm in Lower Austria. The harvests from the second and third cultivation year were used for further analysis. The dry matter yield (stalks) of the five nettle clones in the second cultivation year (1998) ranged from 2.3 to 4.7 Mg ha−1. The dry matter yield of the third cultivation year (5.6 to 9.7 Mg ha−1) was more than double that of the second year. The large increase in the yield of the third year was a result of an increase in the height (20 to 40 cm higher) and a doubling of the number of stalks per plot compared with those from the second cultivation year. Undersowing with clover had a positive effect on fiber nettle growth. The fiber content after chemical processing ranged between 8 and 16% of the dry matter in both the second and third cultivation years. The fiber yields ranged from 335 to 411 kg ha−1 in the second year and from 743 to 1016 kg ha−1 in the third year. Clones with a high dry matter yield had a low fiber content and vice versa. There was no significant difference in the fiber quality (fiber strength, elongation, fiber fineness, length of fiber) of the five nettle clones. Due to the different consistency in the upper and lower part of the stalk and to fiber processing methods, the fiber material is generally very heterogeneous. This work shows that the cultivation of fiber nettle by organic methods in Austria is possible and that it produced well in the third year. Organically grown fibers of nettle are suitable for textile use; however, further development of an economic and functional high-yielding method for fiber processing, and efficient marketing are essential for the success of nettle fiber in the textile market.
How do farmers who adopt multiple conservation practices differ from their neighbors?
Authors: Upadhyay Bharat M. , Young Douglas L. , Wang Holly H. , Wandschneider Philip 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWind erosion is a serious environmental problem in the inland Pacific Northwest, US. In addition to onfarm damage to soil and crop quality, it causes off-farm damage, including human respiratory illness, traffic accidents and diminished recreational values. Three key practices for effectively controlling wind erosion in eastern Washington are reduced tillage, continuous spring cropping and vegetative wind strips. Although these are effective in controlling wind erosion, their adoption by farmers in the region has been slow. Technology adoption theory has been classified into three paradigms: income, utility and innovation-adoption. This study on adoption of wind erosion control practices draws from all three paradigms. However, unlike most past research, this study distinguishes between single-practice adopters and multiple-practice adopters, and compares single-practice adopters with zero-practice adopters. Data were obtained from a random sample survey of 266 farmers in six semi-arid counties in a region of east-central Washington State prone to wind erosion. Statistical results revealed: (1) that adopters of multiple conservation practices contrast more sharply with non-adopters than do adopters of a single conservation practice; and (2) adopters of a single practice differ more from zero-practice adopters than they do from all other farmers (including adopters of other practices). More specifically, this study recognizes heterogeneity among ‘adopters’ in erosion control, and suggests that there may be some hierarchy among adopters in strength of innovation. It also supports earlier findings-by sociologists that early adopters have more financial resources or larger farms and that education may aid adoption. Adopters were more aware of an erosion control educational program. Multiple-practice adopters are a distinct identifiable group, who may play a key role as innovators who can influence neighbors to adopt effective conservation practices. These individuals also possess unique information on the comparative cost, yields and technical challenges of alternative conservation practices that could be used on farms with similar soil and climatic conditions. Knowledge of the attributes associated with innovative multiple-practice adopters may permit soil conservation policymakers and field staff to target educational programs more accurately during the early stages of technology dissemination. Conservation-practice dissemination strategies may benefit by including innovative farmers in leadership roles in the initial stage of conservation education programs.