bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Management of Charcoal Rot and Its Influence on Seed Yield and Quality in Soybean
Authors: Patidar Shubham , Yadav Vijay Kumar , Amrate Pawan K. , Lovewanshi Laxman Singh , Karoda Chetan , Kharte Sanjay , Kurmi Swarna 
Published: December 2023

Charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) causes high grain yield loss in major soybean-growing nations worldwide. The present study aimed to reveal the effect of stage-wise charcoal rot incidence and their root and stem severity index on the yield criteria of soybean varieties. Additionally, an attempt was made to derive integrated management practices and their influence on seed quality. All the twelve varieties were affected by charcoal rot, and its incidence and root and stem severity index were high in Shivalik (48.5% and 3.7, respectively). In yield estimation, the percentage of yield loss ranged from 8.7% (JS 20-98) to 53.9% (Shivalik). Percent yield loss had a strong significant positive relation with percent incidence (0.912**) and Root and Stem severity index (0.813**) of charcoal rot. Seed treatment of Penflufen 13.28% + Trifloxystrobin 13.28 % FS @ 1ml/kg followed by spraying of tebuconazole 25% EC @ 0.1 % spraying at 45,60,75 days was significantly superior in reducing charcoal rot (19.7%) in comparison to untreated (37.3%). The highest seed germination (80.0 %) and least association with M. phaseolina (13.33%), Aspergillus flavus (3.33%), Fusarium sp., (13.34%) in comparison to control (50, 36.67, 23.33 and 36.67 %, respectively) were also resulted from the seed obtained from above treatment. In bioagent, seed treatment of T. harzianum @ 10 gm/kg followed by foliar spray of tebuconazole 25% EC @ 0.1% at 45,60,75 days was the second-best combination among all treatments in all respects. The effect of these fungicides and bio agents as seed treatment also improved the number of branches, pods, 100 seed weight and yield. Hence, these combinations could be applied to minimize charcoal rot and yield losses in soybean.
“Three‐in‐One”: A New Hg‐Based Selenide Hg7P2Se12 Exhibiting Wide Infrared Transparency Range and Strong Nonlinear Optical Effect
Authors: Chu Yu , Wang Hongshan , Chen Quan , Su Xin , Chen Zuxin , Yang Zhihua , Li Junjie , Pan Shilie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe exploration of high‐performance mid‐ and far‐infrared (IR) nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals is an urgent need. Herein, a new Hg‐based selenide Hg7P2Se12 (HPSe) is designed and synthesized by a rigid and flexible units coupled strategy. It is interesting that in the compound, three types of NLO‐active units, including linear [HgSe2], triangular [HgSe3], and tetrahedral (MSe4) (M = Hg/P) groups, simultaneously exist. It shows a wide transparency range (0.84–22.8 µm), large SHG response (1 × AGS), high laser‐induced damage threshold (≈2 × AGS), and a large birefringence (0.102 @ 2090 nm). Moreover, the compound melts congruently along with good crystal growth habits, and single crystals with a maximum size of ≈7 × 5 × 2 mm3 are obtained. Theoretical analyses confirm that the large NLO response originates from the synergistic effects of Hg–Se units, (PSe4) and nonbonding electrons. The results indicate that HPSe is a promising mid‐ and far‐IR NLO material, and inspire a path to finding new classes of IR NLO materials that are different from traditional chalcopyrite materials by grouping the linear, planar, and tetrahedral units.
Ultra‐Sensitive and Unlabeled SERS Nanosheets for Specific Identification of Glucose in Body Fluids
Authors: Zhang Ting , Li Yuting , Lv Xiaoming , Jiang Shen , Jiang Shuang , Sun Zhongqi , Zhang Mingxu , Li Yang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe detection of biomolecules utilizing surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is highly trending in research, but the unlabeled and sensitive detection of saccharides in body fluids is challenging. Here, a novel SERS substrate (AgNS600) is fabricated by physical scratching of smooth silver sheets, which successfully achieves enhanced SERS fingerprinting by capturing glucose molecules through nanoscale grooves on the surface of the substrate to form multi‐dimensional “hot spot” regions. The platform proves to be rapid, reliable, and reproducible, with a lower detection limit of 0.5 amol L−1 in deionized water. Further detection of multiple monosaccharides, polysaccharides, and mix samples, which are distinguished with machine learning and heat map, demonstrates the versatility and specificity of the platform. Importantly, real samples are explored and the results show that the platform is able to detect and recognize SERS signals of glucose in the blood, urine, tears, and perspiration, and non‐destructive predict diabetes by analyzing the signal intensity of different characteristic peaks. In this work, it is the first non‐chemical, unlabeled determination of glucose with high sensitivity via SERS, which provides a potential strategy for advancing the clinical development of SERS technology and the early diagnosis of glucose metabolic diseases.
Impaired Neurovascular Coupling and Increased Functional Connectivity in the Frontal Cortex Predict Age‐Related Cognitive Dysfunction
Authors: Mukli Peter , Pinto Camila B. , Owens Cameron D. , Csipo Tamas , Lipecz Agnes , Szarvas Zsofia , Peterfi Anna , Langley Ana Clara da Costa Pinaffi , Hoffmeister Jordan , Racz Frigyes Samuel , Perry Jonathan W. , Tarantini Stefano , Nyúl‐Tóth Ádám , Sorond Farzaneh A. , Yang Yuan , James Judith A. , Kirkpatrick Angelia C. , Prodan Calin I. , Toth Peter , Galindo Juliette , Gardner Andrew W. , Sonntag William E. , Csiszar Anna , Ungvari Zoltan , Yabluchanskiy Andriy 
Published: December 2023

AbstractImpaired cerebrovascular function contributes to the genesis of age‐related cognitive decline. In this study, the hypothesis is tested that impairments in neurovascular coupling (NVC) responses and brain network function predict cognitive dysfunction in older adults. Cerebromicrovascular and working memory function of healthy young (n = 21, 33.2±7.0 years) and aged (n = 30, 75.9±6.9 years) participants are assessed. To determine NVC responses and functional connectivity (FC) during a working memory (n‐back) paradigm, oxy‐ and deoxyhemoglobin concentration changes from the frontal cortex using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy are recorded. NVC responses are significantly impaired during the 2‐back task in aged participants, while the frontal networks are characterized by higher local and global connection strength, and dynamic FC (p < 0.05). Both impaired NVC and increased FC correlate with age‐related decline in accuracy during the 2‐back task. These findings suggest that task‐related brain states in older adults require stronger functional connections to compensate for the attenuated NVC responses associated with working memory load.
Toward Low‐Temperature Zinc‐Ion Batteries: Strategy, Progress, and Prospect in Vanadium‐Based Cathodes
Authors: Jia Lujie , Hu Hongfei , Cheng Xiaomin , Dong Hao , Li Huihua , Zhang Yongzheng , Zhang Huang , Zhao Xinyu , Li Canhuang , Zhang Jing , Lin Hongzhen , Wang Jian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLow‐temperature vanadium‐based zinc ion batteries (LT‐VZIBs) have attracted much attention in recent years due to their excellent theoretical specific capacities, low cost, and electrochemical structural stability. However, low working temperature surrounding often results in retarded ion transport not only in the frozen aqueous electrolyte, but also at/across the cathode/electrolyte interface and inside cathode interior, significantly limiting the performance of LT‐VZIBs for practical applications. In this review, a variety of strategies to solve these issues, mainly including cathode interface/bulk structure engineering and electrolyte optimizations, are categorially discussed and systematically summarized from the design principles to in‐depth characterizations and mechanisms. In the end, several issues about future research directions and advancements in characterization tools are prospected, aiming to facilitate the scientific and commercial development of LT‐VZIBs.
Nourishing the farms, nourishing the plates: Association of climate‐smart agricultural practices with household dietary diversity and food security in smallholders
Authors: Santalucia Simone , Sibhatu Kibrom T. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractClimate‐smart agricultural (CSA) practices are increasingly being promoted as nature‐based solutions to improve the livelihoods of smallholder farm households amid a sharp increase in climate‐change anomalies. However, the extent to which CSA practices contribute to smallholder food security and dietary diversity remains unclear. In this study, we use panel and nationally representative data from Tanzania to examine the association between two climate‐smart agricultural practices, namely, improved maize varieties and maize‐legume intercropping, and food security in smallholder farm households. We use maize yield per acre, adult‐equivalent food expenditure, and household dietary diversity scores to measure household food security, representing three of the four food security pillars: availability, access, and utilization. We also examine the complementarity and potential advantages of combining improved maize seeds with fertilizers. Using standard panel data estimation approaches, we find a positive association between the adoption of improved maize varieties and maize‐legume intercropping and an increase in food production measured through higher crop productivity. However, we do not find a corresponding improvement in household dietary diversity or increased food expenditure, despite the higher crop production. Several factors might explain this outcome, including the challenges faced by farmers in accessing markets to sell surplus produce, the influence of established dietary habits, gender issues, and other local factors that promote the consumption of cereal‐based foods such as maize. Our findings suggest that CSA practices may help improve food production and availability, but more effort is needed to translate increased food production into improved dietary diversity and better food security among smallholder farmers in sub‐Saharan Africa. [EconLit Citations: C23, D12, D13, D24, Q12, Q16, Q18, Q54].
An analysis of educational mismatch on wages in the agroindustrial sector
Authors: Lasso‐Dela‐Vega Elena , Campos‐Soria Juan A. , García‐Pozo Alejandro 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe food industry is one of the most important industries in developed economies. The progressive professionalization of its workforce and the persistent demand for low‐skilled employment in this sector may be leading to educational mismatch with its concomitant effects on wages and productivity. Yet the economic literature has not addressed wage structures, gender differences, and the composition of the labor force together in this food industry. We analyzed the effects of educational mismatch on wages in the Spanish food industry from a gender perspective. To this end, we used data from the 2018 Wage Structure Survey collected by the Spanish National Institute of Statistics. We applied the overeducated, required educated, undereducated specification to these data. The main results show that educational mismatch leads to gender wage differentials in this sector. The analysis also shows that the Spanish food industry places more value on men with adequate education and women with some level of overeducation. The results on occupational segregation show that the food industry penalizes access to female‐dominated occupations, and that this wage disadvantage is greater for female workers. We also observed wage differences in the remuneration of certain personal and professional factors that could be worsening the gender differentials in the Spanish food industry [EconLit Citations: I26, J16, J21, J24, J31].
Reaction Kinetics using a Chemputable Framework for Data Collection and Analysis
Authors: Matysiak Bartosz M. , Thomas Dean , Cronin Leroy 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAutomated chemistry platforms have been widely explored, but many focus on fixed tasks for chemical synthesis or analysis. However, a typical synthetic chemistry workflow utilizes both, such as kinetic measurements for reaction development and optimization. Due to their repetitive and time‐consuming nature, kinetic measurements are often omitted, which limits the mechanistic investigation of reactions. Herein, we present a “Chemputer” platform with on‐line analytics (UV/Vis, NMR) which automates routine kinetic measurements. The system's capabilities are showcased by exploring an inverse electron‐demand Diels–Alder using initial rate measurements, a metal complexation using variable time normalization analysis (VTNA), and formation of a series of tosylamide derivatives using Hammett analysis. Over 60 individual experiments are presented which required minimal intervention, highlighting the significant time savings of automation. Owing to the modular design of the platform, which facilitates rapid integration of commercial analytical tools, our approach is widely accessible and adjustable to the reaction under investigation. The platform is operated using the chemical programming language, XDL, hence experimental procedures and results are stored in a precise, computer‐readable format. We propose that widespread adoption of this reporting protocol in the chemical community could build a database of validated kinetic data beneficial for Machine Learning.
Rational Design of L‐RNA Aptamer‐Peptide Conjugate for Efficient Cell Uptake and G‐quadruplex‐Mediated Gene Control
Authors: Zhang Kun , Nie Qichang , Chi‐Kong Lau Terrence , Kit Kwok Chun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRNA G‐quadruplexes (D‐rG4s) are prevalent in the transcriptome and play crucial regulatory roles in various biological processes. Recently, L‐RNA aptamers have been reported to recognize functional rG4s with a strong binding affinity and specificity. However, owing to the poor cell penetration capacity of L‐RNA aptamers, their biological applications are currently limited. Herein, we rationally design an L‐RNA aptamer‐peptide conjugate, Tamra_Ahx_R8_L‐Apt.4‐1c, which can efficiently translocate into the cytosol and target the rG4 of interest. Notably, we demonstrate diverse regulatory roles of Tamra_Ahx_R8_L‐Apt.4‐1c on rG4 motif present in different regions of mRNAs and further expand the application in different cell lines. Our novel and biocompatible conjugate enhances the cellular uptake of the L‐RNA aptamer, and our robust strategy enables non‐canonical RNA structures to be targeted by L‐RNA aptamers for gene control in cells.
Oxygen‐Tolerant Near‐Infrared Organic Long‐Persistent Luminescent Copolymers**
Authors: Lin Zesen , Li Maosheng , Yoshioka Rengo , Oyama Ryoko , Kabe Ryota 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOrganic materials exhibiting long‐lasting emission in the near infrared are expected to have applications in bio‐imaging and other areas. Although room temperature phosphorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence display long‐lived emission of approximately one minute, organic long‐persistent luminescence (OLPL) systems with a similar emission mechanism to inorganic persistent emitters can emit for several hours at room temperature. In particular OLPL with a hole‐diffusion mechanism can function even in the presence of oxygen. However, ionic materials lack long‐term stability in neutral organic host owing to aggregation and phase separation. In this study, we synthesized polymers with stable near‐infrared persistent luminescence at room temperature via the copolymerization of electron donors and acceptors. The copolymers exhibit long‐persistent luminescence (LPL) at temperatures below the glass transition temperature and can be excited by approximately the entire range of visible light. LPL properties and spectra can be controlled by the dopant.
Copper/Ruthenium Relay Catalysis for Stereodivergent Access to δ‐Hydroxy α‐Amino Acids and Small Peptides
Authors: Fu Cong , He Ling , Chang Xin , Cheng Xiang , Wang Zuo‐Fei , Zhang Zongpeng , Larionov Vladimir A. , Dong Xiu‐Qin , Wang Chun‐Jiang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAn atom‐ and step‐economical and redox‐neutral cascade reaction enabled by asymmetric bimetallic relay catalysis by merging a ruthenium‐catalyzed asymmetric borrowing‐hydrogen reaction with copper‐catalyzed asymmetric Michael addition has been realized. A variety of highly functionalized 2‐amino‐5‐hydroxyvaleric acid esters or peptides bearing 1,4‐non‐adjacent stereogenic centers have been prepared in high yields with excellent enantio‐ and diastereoselectivity. Judicious selection and rational modification of the Ru catalysts with careful tuning of the reaction conditions played a pivotal role in stereoselectivity control as well as attenuating undesired α‐epimerization, thus enabling a full complement of all four stereoisomers that were otherwise inaccessible in previous work. Concise asymmetric stereodivergent synthesis of the key intermediates for biologically important chiral molecules further showcases the synthetic utility of this methodology.
Accelerated Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction and Water Oxidation under Spatial Synergy
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhang Wanyi , Deng Chaoyuan , Sheng Hua , Zhao Jincai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhotocatalytic conversion of CO2 and H2O into fuels and oxygen is a highly promising solution for carbon‐neutral recycling. Traditionally, researchers have studied CO2 reduction and H2O oxidation separately, overlooking potential synergistic interplay between these processes. This study introduces an innovative approach, spatial synergy, which encourages synergistic progress by bringing the two half‐reactions into atomic proximity. To facilitate this, we developed a defective ZnIn2S4‐supported single‐atom Cu catalyst (Cu−SA/D−ZIS), which demonstrates remarkable catalytic performance with CO2 reduction rates of 112.5 μmol g−1 h−1 and water oxidation rates of 52.3 μmol g−1 h−1, exhibiting a six‐fold enhancement over D−ZIS. The structural characterization results indicated that the trapping effect of vacancy associates on single‐atom copper led to the formation of an unsaturated coordination structure, Cu‐S3, consequently giving rise to the CuZn′VS⋅⋅VZn“ defect complexes. FT‐IR studies coupled with theoretical calculations reveal the spatially synergistic CO2 reduction and water oxidation on CuZn′VS⋅⋅VZn”, where the breakage of O−H in water oxidation is synchronized with the formation of *COOH, significantly lowering the energy barrier. Notably, this study introduces and, for the first time, substantiates the spatial synergy effect in CO2 reduction and H2O oxidation through a combination of experimental and theoretical analyses, providing a fresh insight in optimizing photocatalytic system.
Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF)‐active Coinage‐metal Sulfide Clusters for High‐resolution X‐ray Imaging
Authors: Wang Wen‐Fei , Xie Mei‐Juan , Wang Peng‐Kun , Lu Jian , Li Bao‐Yi , Wang Ming‐Sheng , Wang Shuai‐Hua , Zheng Fa‐Kun , Guo Guo‐Cong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe study of facile‐synthesis and low‐cost X‐ray scintillators with high light yield, low detection limit and high X‐ray imaging resolution plays a vital role in medical and industrial imaging fields. However, the optimal balance between X‐ray absorption, decay lifetime and excitonic utilization efficiency of scintillators to achieve high‐resolution imaging is extremely difficult due to the inherent contradiction. Here two thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)‐actived coinage‐metal clusters M6S6L6 (M=Ag or Cu) were synthesized by simple solvothermal reaction, where the cooperation of heavy atom‐rich character and TADF mechanism supports strong X‐ray absorption and rapid luminescent collection of excitons. Excitingly, Ag6S6L6 (SC‐Ag) displays a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 91.6 % and scintillating light yield of 17420 photons MeV−1, as well as a low detection limit of 208.65 nGy s−1 that is 26 times lower than the medical standard (5.5 μGy s−1). More importantly, a high X‐ray imaging resolution of 16 lp/mm based on SC‐Ag screen is demonstrated. Besides, rigid core skeleton reinforced by metallophilicity endows clusters M6S6L6 strong resistance to humidity and radiation. This work provides a new view for the design of efficient scintillators and opens the research door for silver clusters in scintillation application.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Noncanonical α‐Amino Acids Containing γ‐Tertiary Alcohols
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Chenghua , Tan Jiamu , He Yifan , Zhuo Dan , Zhang Jingxuan , Luo Zhenzhen , Li Qiaoqiao , Yao Jiaying , Ke Changqiang , Tang Chunping , Ye Yang , He Shijun , Sheng Xiang , Liao Cangsong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNoncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) containing tertiary alcohols are valuable as precursors of natural products and active pharmaceutical ingredients. However, the assembly of such ncAA scaffolds from simple material by C−C bond formation remains a challenging task due to the presence of multiple stereocenters and large steric hindrance. In this study, we present a novel solution to this problem through highly selective enzymatic decarboxylative aldol addition. This method allows for the streamlined assembly of multifunctionalized ncAAs with γ‐tertiary alcohols from readily available materials, such as L‐aspartatic acid and isatins, vicinal diones and keto esters. The modularity of electrophiles furnished four classes of ncAAs with decent efficiency as well as excellent site and stereocontrol. Computational modeling was employed to gain detailed insight into the catalytic mechanism and to provide a rationale for the observed selectivities. The method offers a single‐step approach to producing multifunctionalized ncAAs, which can be directly utilized in peptide synthesis and bioactivity assessment.
Creating Remarkably Moisture‐ and Air‐Stable Macromolecular Lewis Acid by Integrating Borane within the Polymer Chain: A Highly Active Catalyst for Homo(co)polymerization of Epoxides
Authors: Gu Yanru , Kou Xinhui , Wang Xiaowu , Li Zhibo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBorane‐based Lewis acids (LA) play an indispensable role in the Lewis pair (LP) mediated polymerization. However, most borane‐based LPs are moisture‐ and air‐sensitive. Therefore, development of moisture and air‐stable borane‐based LP is highly desirable. To achieve this goal, the concept of “aggregation induced enlargement effects” by chemically linking multiple borane within a nanoscopic confinement was conceived to create macromolecular LA. Accordingly, an extremely moisture and air stable macromolecular borane, namely, PVP‐1B featuring poly(4‐vinylphenol) backbone, was constructed. The concentration of borane active site is greatly higher than average concentration due to local confinement. Therefore, an enhanced activity was observed. Moreover, the local LA aggregation effects allow its tolerance to air and large amount of chain transfer agent. Consequently, PVP‐1B showed remarkable efficiency for propylene oxide (PO) polymerization at 25 °C (TOF=27900 h−1). Furthermore, it enables generation of well‐defined telechelic poly (CHO‐alt‐CO2) diol (0.6–15.3 kg/mol) with narrow Đs via copolymerizing cyclohexene oxide and CO2 at 80 °C. This work indicates unifying multiple borane within a polymer in a macromolecular level shows superior catalytic performance than constructing binary, bi(multi)functional systems in a molecular level. This paves a new way to make functional polyethers.