bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Older adults with overlapping caregiving responsibilities and care needs in a U.S. national community‐based sample
Authors: Semere Wagahta , Yank Veronica , Lisha Nadra E. , Lindquist Lee A. , Huang Alison J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundCommunity‐dwelling older adults often serve as caregivers despite having their own health concerns and disabilities, yet little is known about their care needs.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis including community‐dwelling U.S. adults over age 60 years who self‐identified as caregivers in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project in 2015–2016. Caregiving was defined by self‐reported assistance of another adult with day‐to‐day activities due to age or disability; overlapping care‐receiving was defined by simultaneous receipt of help for at least one activity of daily living (ADL) or independent ADL (IADL). Multivariable logistic regression models examined attributes associated with overlapping care‐receiving among older caregivers, adjusted for caregiver characteristics (age, gender, spousal caregiving, self‐reported physical and mental health, cognitive function, and household assets).ResultsAmong the 444 caregivers, the mean age was 67.8 (SD 0.29) years, 55.8% were women, 78.1% were non‐Hispanic White, 54.7% self‐identified as primary caregivers, and 30.7% were caring for a spouse. Thirty‐two percent of older caregivers were caregiving while themselves receiving assistance with at least one ADL or IADL. Thirty‐four percent of caregivers reported <$50,000 in household assets and 10% did not answer the question. Given prior research that supports that most nonrespondents fall into the low‐income group, subjects were combined. Analyses with and without nonrespondents did not substantially change the results. Compared to caregivers who were not simultaneously receiving care, caregivers reporting overlapping care‐receiving had greater odds of being older (AOR 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.14, 1.48] per each 5‐year age increase), caregiving for a spouse (AOR 1.93, 95% CI [1.20, 3.13]), having limited household assets (AOR 2.10, 95% CI [1.17, 3.80], for <$50,000 compared to ≥$50,000), and having poor or fair self‐reported physical health (AOR 2.94, 95% CI [1.43, 6.02]).ConclusionsOver 30% of older adult caregivers report simultaneously receiving care for their own daily activities. Older caregivers who receive care are more likely to be older, spousal caregivers, and have limited assets and worse physical health. Targeted strategies are needed to support older caregivers who are uniquely vulnerable due to their overlapping care needs.
Development of an exercise therapy referral clinical support tool for patients with osteoporosis at risk for falls
Authors: Bullock Garrett S. , Duncan Pamela , Chandler Alison M. , Aguilar Aylin A. , Latham Nancy , Storer Tom , Alexander Neil , McDonough Christine M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to develop a clinical support tool for osteoporosis clinic providers to support risk assessment and referrals for evidence‐based exercise therapy programs.MethodsA sequential Delphi method was used with a multidisciplinary group of national falls experts, to provide consensus on referral to exercise therapy for patients at risk for falls. The Delphi study included a primary research team, expert panel, and clinical partners to answer the questions: (1) “What patient characteristics are needed to develop a clinical support tool?”; (2) “What are the recommended exercise referrals for patients with osteoporosis at risk for falls?” The consensus process consisted of two rounds with 8 weeks between meetings. Two qualitative researchers analyzed the data using a modified version of a matrix analysis approach.ResultsThe following were the most important variables to include when determining exercise therapy referrals for patients with osteoporosis: Patient history and demographics, falls history over the last year, current physical function and balance, caregiver and transportation status, socioeconomic and insurance status, and patient preference. Potential exercise therapy referrals included one‐on‐one physical therapy, group physical therapy, home health, community‐based exercise programs, and not acceptable for exercise therapy.ConclusionsPatient characteristics including patient history, physical function and balance performance, socioeconomic and insurance status, and patient preference for exercise therapy are important to inform both the medical provider and patient with osteoporosis to choose the most appropriate exercise therapy referral. Adoption of the algorithmic suggestions may have a significant impact on uptake and adherence to exercise therapy, ultimately improving patient physical function and reducing falls risk.
Critical period of exposure to mercury and the diagnostic of autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Netto Bruna Bittencourt , da Silva Elica Pizzolo , de Aguiar da Costa Maiara , de Rezende Victória Linden , Bolan Sofia Januário , Ceretta Luciane Bisognin , Aschner Michael , Dominguini Diogo , Gonçalves Cinara Ludvig 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by repetitive behaviors and deficits in social interaction. Its etiology is not completely clear, but both genetic and environmental factors contribute to and influence its development and course. The increased number of autism cases in recent years has been strongly associated with increased exposure to heavy metals. Mercury (Hg) has gained prominence in the scientific literature as a result of its presence as an urban pollutant and well‐described neurotoxicity. This review assessed the relationship between Hg exposure in the pre‐ and post‐natal period and ASD. The systematic review identified observational clinical studies and pre‐clinical trials in journals indexed in the PubMed, Embase, ProQuest, and LILACS databases. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between exposure to Hg and ASD and to define the critical period of exposure. A total of 57 articles were selected for this review, with 35 articles (61.40%) identifying a positive association between ASD and Hg, while 22 articles (38.60%) did not find the same outcome. The biological samples most used to analyze Hg body burdens were hair (36.84%) and blood (36.84%). Most case–control studies found an increase in Hg levels in individuals with ASD who were exposed to a polluted environment in the post‐natal period. Taken together, the studies suggest that these patients have a deficient detoxification system, and this could worsen the symptoms of the disorder. However, new studies addressing the influence of Hg on the post‐natal nervous system and its relationship with ASD should be carried out.image
Roxadustat reduces left ventricular mass index compared to rHuEPO in haemodialysis patients in a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tan Wei , Wang Xiang , Sun Yudong , Wang Xiaohui , He Jin , Zhong Ling , Jiang Xianhong , Sun Yan , Tian En , Li Zhuoying , He Liangping , Hao Ying , Tang Bin , Hua Wei , Ma Xiangyu , Yang Jurong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundLeft ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is highly prevalent in haemodialysis (HD) patients and is associated with an increased risk of death. Roxadustat and recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO, abbreviated as EPO) are the main treatment strategies for renal anaemia in HD patients, but it has not been clear whether there is a difference in their effect on LVH.MethodsIn this multi‐centre, prospective, randomized trial of 12‐month duration, study participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to the roxadustat group or the EPO group. The doses of both treatment regimens were adjusted so that the patients had a haemoglobin level of 10.0–12.0 g per dL. The primary study endpoint was the change from baseline to 12 months in the left ventricular mass index (LVMI, g/m2) measured by echocardiography.ResultsIn total, 114 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 50 years, and the median dialysis duration was 33 months. Sixty‐one patients were men, and 24 were diabetic. LVMI decreased from 116.18 ± 27.84 to 110.70 ± 25.74 g/m2 in the roxadustat group. However, it increased from 109.35 ± 23.41 to 114.99 ± 28.46 g/m2 in the EPO group, with a significant difference in the change in LVMI between the two groups [−5.48 (−11.60 to 0.65) vs. 5.65 (0.74 to 10.55), p < 0.05]. Changes in left ventricular mass, end‐diastolic volume and 6‐min walk test seemed superior in the roxadustat group. There were no significant differences in other cardiac geometry, biochemical parameters and major adverse cardiovascular events between the two groups.ConclusionsCompared to EPO, roxadustat is more helpful in the regression of LVH in HD patients.
Precision medicine in cardiovascular therapeutics: Evaluating the role of pharmacogenetic analysis prior to drug treatment
Authors: Ingelman‐Sundberg Magnus , Pirmohamed Munir 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPharmacogenomics is the examination of how genetic variation influences drug metabolism and response, in terms of both efficacy and safety. In cardiovascular disease, patient‐specific diplotypes determine phenotypes, thereby influencing the efficacy and safety of drug treatments, including statins, antiarrhythmics, anticoagulants and antiplatelets. Notably, polymorphisms in key genes, such as CYP2C9, CYP2C19, VKORC1 and SLCO1B1, significantly impact the outcomes of treatment with clopidogrel, warfarin and simvastatin. Furthermore, the CYP2C19 polymorphism influences the pharmacokinetics and safety of the novel hypertrophic cardiomyopathy inhibitor, mavacamten. In this review, we critically assess the clinical application of pharmacogenomics in cardiovascular disease and delineate present and future utilization of pharmacogenomics. This includes insights into identifying missing heritability, the integration of whole genome sequencing and the application of polygenic risk scores to enhance the precision of personalized drug therapy. Our discussion encompasses health economic analyses that underscore the cost benefits associated with pre‐emptive genotyping for warfarin and clopidogrel treatments, albeit acknowledging the need for further research in this area. In summary, we contend that cardiovascular pharmacogenomic analyses are underpinned by a wealth of evidence, and implementation is already occurring for some of these gene–drug pairs, but as with any area of medicine, we need to continually gather more information to optimize the use of pharmacogenomics in clinical practice.
Natural course of partially embolized carotid‐cavernous fistulas
Authors: Voldřich Richard , Grygar Jan , Charvát František , Netuka David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeTo present the first study analyzing the clinical and radiological course of carotid‐cavernous fistulas (CCFs) following incomplete embolization. The study compares magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) to plain angiography (digital subtraction angiography [DSA]) and investigates the long‐term ophthalmological impact of residual fistula.MethodsFistulas classified as partially embolized after the last endovascular treatment were prospectively followed with DSA, MRA, and ophthalmological examination. Both direct and indirect CCFs were included.ResultsTwenty‐one CCFs were included in the study. Nine (43%) fistulas were direct and 12 (57%) were indirect. A favorable clinical outcome of modified Rankin scale ≤2 was recorded in 19 (90%) patients at the last follow‐up. Postinterventional ophthalmologic examinations in 16 patients revealed no negative effects of residual fistulas; five remaining patients refused to undergo further examination. Spontaneous thrombosis and complete occlusion of the CCF were demonstrated in 90% of patients, with a mean time to occlusion of 5.7 ± 4.7 months. Fourteen (66%) patients completed the full imaging follow‐up (MRA and DSA). In 21% of these cases, discrepancy between the two imaging modalities was observed—MRA failed to detect persistent fistulas identified by DSA.ConclusionsThe goal of CCF treatment is safe and complete embolization. However, if adequate flow reduction is achieved, both direct and indirect CCFs tend to spontaneously thrombose. Residual flow does not result in ophthalmological deterioration until the fistula is completely closed. MRA may not be sufficiently sensitive to detect residues of fistulas including cortical venous drainage. Therefore, complete CCF closure should be confirmed through DSA.
Peer sexual harassment among 10‐year‐olds: Roles, genders, classroom occurrence, and associations with emotional problems
Authors: Valik Andrea , Lunde Carolina , Skoog Therése , Gattario Kristina Holmqvist 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis is the first study examining peer sexual harassment among 10‐year‐olds (N = 985), studying how being a victim, perpetrator, or witness relates to emotional problems, and how these associations are moderated by gender and class occurrence of sexual harassment. Results showed that 45% of the participants reported victimization, 17% perpetration, and 60% witnessing sexual harassment, with vast overlaps between roles. Victimization and witnessing were related to more emotional problems. Victimized girls reported more emotional problems than boys, but girls who perpetrated reported fewer emotional problems than boys. Associations between peer sexual harassment and emotional problems varied across classrooms. Our findings highlight the occurrence of peer sexual harassment in younger ages, emphasizing an ecological perspective when addressing it in school.
Macoma calcarea (Gmelin, 1791), a poorly studied bivalve, in the Kara Sea: Distribution and growth variability
Authors: Lisitsyna Kseniya N. , Gerasimova Alexandra V. , Filippova Nadezhda A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMacoma calcarea, one of the most common bivalves in the infauna of the Arctic seas of Russia, is still poorly investigated from an ecological viewpoint. We studied the distribution and growth of Macoma in the southwestern part of the Kara Sea. The samples were obtained at 119 stations at depths from 4 to 415 m in 2012–2013. The main trends in the distribution of this species corresponded to its feeding type (deposit‐feeder), the biogeographic affiliation and the features of reproductive ecology. Macoma calcarea in the study area were mainly concentrated at depths of 20–50 m. Their density and biomass were, respectively, eight and two times higher on silty sediments than on sandy ones. The results of age assessment of M. calcarea by the external growth marks and the shell cross‐sections were quite similar. However, age determination based on internal growth marks was found to be preferable for older individuals and individuals with heavily eroded shells. Group growth rate of M. calcarea was not very sensitive to environmental conditions. No site‐to‐site variability in the growth characteristics was found. The maximum size and age of M. calcarea (37 mm and 21 years respectively), as well as the average annual growth rate (about 2 mm/year), were close to the values of these parameters in other parts of the distribution of this species.
A systematic review and disability‐adjusted life years of Scedosporium/Lomentospora infection in patients after near‐drowning
Authors: Kermani Firoozeh , Yazdani Charati Jamshid , Roohi Behrad , Moslemi Azam , Bandeghani Azadeh , Faeli Leila , Shokohi Tahereh , Roilides Emmanuel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractScedosporium/Lomentospora species exist as saprophytic moulds that can potentially lead to serious infections in patients who have experienced near‐drowning incidents. Scedosporium species are distributed across different regions of the world while Lomentospora prolificans has quite a restricted geographic distribution. We aimed to systematically review scedosporiosis cases after near‐drowning, their clinical manifestations, underlying diseases, treatments, outcomes and its impact through disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs). Five available sources were searched from 1 January 2007, to 20 April 2022. Thirty‐eight studies, including 41 patients, were evaluated. Mean age was 33.6 ± 18.6 years (range 1–68), and 28 were male (68.3%). Central nervous system (CNS) dissemination predominated (36/41; 87.8%), presenting mainly as multiple brain abscesses (26/41; 63.4%), followed by lung involvement (22/41; 56.4%). Scedosporium apiospermum species complex was the most causative agent (38/41; 92.7%). Overall mortality was 51.2%. Half of the patients (18/37) were cured after receiving proper treatment, and in most cases, voriconazole alone or in combination with surgery or other antifungals caused survival. The mean survival time was 123 ± 27 days. Mean DALYs in 1980–2022 were 46.110 ± 3.318 (39.607–52.612). Time to diagnosis was estimated to be 120 days, and there was no association between time to diagnosis and outcome. Voriconazole is a potentially effective therapy, and combination of surgery and antifungal treatment may lead to more favourable outcome. Advances in early diagnosis and appropriate antifungal therapy may have contributed to reducing its mortality.
Mechanisms involved in the muscle relaxing effects of STW 5 in guinea pig stomach
Authors: Allam Shady , Krüger Dagmar , Michel Klaus , Schnabl Katharina , Klingenspor Martin , Schemann Michael , Annaházi Anita 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe herbal preparation STW 5 ameliorates functional dyspepsia partly by relaxing smooth muscle of the proximal stomach, thus improving gastric accommodation. We explored the unknown pathways responsible for this effect by testing targets known to modulate gastric smooth muscle relaxation.MethodsSTW 5‐induced relaxation of smooth muscle strips from guinea pig gastric corpus before and after pharmacological interventions were recorded with force transducers in an organ bath. ORAI1 mRNA expression was tested in the proximal stomach.Key ResultsBlockade of Ca2+‐activated K+ and Cl− channels, voltage‐gated L‐ or T‐type Ca2+ channels, TRPA1‐, TRPV1‐, adenosine or 5‐HT4 receptors, antagonizing ryanodine receptors, inhibiting cyclooxygenase or sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase did not affect STW 5‐evoked relaxation. Likewise, protein‐kinase A or G were not involved. However, the relaxation evoked by STW 5 was significantly reduced by phorbol‐12‐myristat‐13‐acetat, an activator of protein‐kinase C, by 2‐ aminoethyldiphenylborinate, an inhibitor of the IP3 receptor‐mediated Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum or by SKF‐96365, a nonselective store‐operated calcium entry (SOCE) blocker. Furthermore, the mixed TRPC3/SOCE inhibitor Pyr3, but not the selective TRPC3 blocker Pyr10, reduced the effect of STW 5. Finally, BTP2, a potent blocker of ORAI‐coupled SOCE, almost abolished STW 5‐evoked relaxation. Expression of ORAI1 could be demonstrated in the corpus/fundus.Conclusions & InferencesSTW 5 inhibited SOCE, most likely ORAI channels, which are modulated by IP3‐ and PKC‐dependent mechanisms. Our findings impact on the design of drugs to induce muscle relaxation and help identify phytochemicals with similar modes of actions to treat gastrointestinal disturbances.
Modelling optimal ligninolytic activity during plant litter decomposition
Authors: Chakrawal Arjun , Lindahl Björn D. , Manzoni Stefano 
Published: February 2024

Summary

A large fraction of plant litter comprises recalcitrant aromatic compounds (lignin and other phenolics). Quantifying the fate of aromatic compounds is difficult, because oxidative degradation of aromatic carbon (C) is a costly but necessary endeavor for microorganisms, and we do not know when gains from the decomposition of aromatic C outweigh energetic costs.

To evaluate these tradeoffs, we developed a litter decomposition model in which the aromatic C decomposition rate is optimized dynamically to maximize microbial growth for the given costs of maintaining ligninolytic activity. We tested model performance against > 200 litter decomposition datasets collected from published literature and assessed the effects of climate and litter chemistry on litter decomposition.

The model predicted a time‐varying ligninolytic oxidation rate, which was used to calculate the lag time before the decomposition of aromatic C is initiated. Warmer conditions increased decomposition rates, shortened the lag time of aromatic C oxidation, and improved microbial C‐use efficiency by decreasing the costs of oxidation. Moreover, a higher initial content of aromatic C promoted an earlier start of aromatic C decomposition under any climate.

With this contribution, we highlight the application of eco‐evolutionary approaches based on optimized microbial life strategies as an alternative parametrization scheme for litter decomposition models.
Fusarium graminearum rapid alkalinization factor peptide negatively regulates plant immunity and cell growth via the FERONIA receptor kinase
Authors: Wang Yujie , Liu Xin , Yuan Bingqin , Chen Xue , Zhao Hanxi , Ali Qurban , Zheng Minghong , Tan Zheng , Yao Hemin , Zheng Shuqing , Wu Jingni , Xu Jianhong , Shi Jianrong , Wu Huijun , Gao Xuewen , Gu Qin 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThe plant rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) peptides function as key regulators in cell growth and immune responses through the receptor kinase FERONIA (FER). In this study, we report that the transcription factor FgPacC binds directly to the promoter of FgRALF gene, which encodes a functional homologue of the plant RALF peptides from the wheat head blight fungus Fusarium graminearum (FgRALF). More importantly, FgPacC promotes fungal infection via host immune suppression by activating the expression of FgRALF. The FgRALF peptide also exhibited typical activities of plant RALF functions, such as inducing plant alkalinization and inhibiting cell growth, including wheat (Triticum aestivum), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Arabidopsis thaliana. We further identified the wheat receptor kinase FERONIA (TaFER), which is capable of restoring the defects of the A. thaliana FER mutant. In addition, we found that FgRALF peptide binds to the extracellular malectin‐like domain (ECD) of TaFER (TaFERECD) to suppress the PAMP‐triggered immunity (PTI) and cell growth. Overexpression of TaFERECD in A. thaliana confers plant resistance to F. graminearum and protects from FgRALF‐induced cell growth inhibition. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the fungal pathogen‐secreted RALF mimic suppresses host immunity and inhibits cell growth via plant FER receptor. This establishes a novel pathway for the development of disease‐resistant crops in the future without compromising their yield potential.