bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criminalizing Intimate Image Abuse
Authors: Caletti Gian Marco , Summerer Kolis 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In contemporary societies the abuse of intimate or sexual imagery has become one of the most relevant concerns. It is not surprising that criminal law has been invoked as one of the solutions to the problem: the harm experienced by victims of intimate image violence is particularly serious and involves diverse legal interests. Nevertheless, the criminal law role and limits in responding to intimate image abuse are still unclear. Criminalizing intimate image abuse raises multiple legal issues and presents a challenge for traditional institutions of law and justice. The nature of this phenomenon requires coping with all the traditional complexities of regulating privacy, sexual offences, and cybercrimes. The chapter introduces the foundations of the criminalization of intimate image abuse, its problems, and limits. At the same time, the chapter outlines the structure of the volume and some of the cross-cutting issues which emerge throughout the collection.
Cautions against Criminalization
Authors: Gruber Aya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter advances three cautions against the programme to criminalize non-consensual intimate image distribution, drawing from the United States’ experience with crime preoccupations and public punitiveness. The first caution is about the American punitive impulse, which was instilled though decades of neoliberal politics designating criminal punishment as the only acceptable form of state governance. This impulse transmogrifies feminist justice-seeking into passionate support for state-centric carceral intervention. The second caution is that, because of this, criminalization proponents are often careless governors. They tend to adopt backward-looking justifications, rehashing the details of the horrible crimes that provoked their efforts, instead of carefully examining how their newly minted penal laws actually operate in discriminatory policing and prison systems. The third caution is that such an examination reveals that high-profile revenge-porn stories produce over-broad criminalization programmes that sweep in defendants who bear little resemblance to the egregious actors highlighted in popular media.
Patterns of Criminalization of Intimate Image Abuse
Authors: Meliá Manuel Cancio 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
There is no uniform ‘continental approach’ to the criminalization of intimate image abuse. Rather, very different approaches can be observed, especially with regard to the coordination of specific criminalizations based on the newer digital phenomenology and the older privacy protection offences. In this chapter, first, the possible factual scenarios of possibly relevant behaviour are briefly described. Then an attempt is made to establish some normative starting points for criminalization: the refusal to follow medialized hypes on specific cases in this area, highlighting the relevance of wrong and harm, and the relevance of consent and assumption of risk in the definition of the relevant offences. After these preliminary ideas, an outline of the legal situation in the representative legal systems of Germany, Italy, and Spain is provided. Finally, the chapter attempts to identify the decisive problems of criminalization of intimate image related abuses in the European-continental tradition.
Fourth Conversation
Authors: Pattison George 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Dostoevsky visits the narrator in the Christmas season and admires a card showing Raphael’s Madonna della Seggiola. He explains his admiration for the Renaissance painter. The conversation turns to Christmas and to Dostoevsky’s story ‘The Little Boy at Christ’s Christmas Tree’, which ends with the death of a homeless boy, excluded from the middle-class Christmas celebrations of St Petersburg but dying with a vision of the heavenly Christmas tree. Dostoevsky suggests the boy himself could be seen as a Christ figure, by analogy with the parable of the sheep and the goats. Again, this returns the conversation to the question of Christ’s weakness and whether a weak Christ can save.
Commentary on the First Conversation, Part Two
Authors: Pattison George 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This commentary discusses the two main themes of the second part of the first Conversation: guilt and dialectics. It explores the difference between Dostoevsky’s conception of guilt and the understanding of guilt characterizing psychotherapeutic practice and theological ideas of guilt and sinfulness. This includes discussion of the translation of the relevant Russian terms and it is argued that guilt involves but is more than responsibility. For Dostoevsky, guilt is a necessary step to realizing human solidarity and a comparison is drawn with the philosopher Emmanuel Levinas, who frequently cited Dostoevsky on this point. With regard to dialectics, the connection to Hegel is explored with reference to the influence of Hegelian ideas in Russia in Dostoevsky’s time and his own interest in the German philosopher. The differences between Dostoevsky’s open-ended dialectics and the Hegelian notion of dialectical opposites leading to a final synthesis is explored as is Dostoevsky’s opposition to any idea of determinism.
Butterflies and Binders’ Shops
Authors: Reynolds Anna 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 attends to the manuscript waste that flooded the English landscape after the dissolution of the monasteries in the middle of the sixteenth century, and tells the stories of two antiquarians and how they thoughtfully apprehended such waste. The first is the reformer John Bale who fantasized about the possibility of wasting the popish books that were suddenly released from their monastic confines, but, at the same time, hoped to collect and preserve the historical chronicles that might prop up Protestant narratives of the English past. In the face of the indiscriminate waste practices of the sixteenth century, Bale’s encounters with fragments of waste in binders’ and grocers’ shops came instead to be absorbed into his eschatological understanding of how the world was rapidly decaying and nearing its end. The second part of the chapter considers the continued material and imaginative presence of monastic waste in seventeenth-century England, focusing on John Aubrey and the national, local, and personal history he tells through the lens of discarded and repurposed materials. Conceiving of these materials as the flotsam in the shipwreck of time, Aubrey reads in waste emblems of antiquarian labour and his own identity as an antiquarian.
Mature NPM
Authors: Hood Christopher , Piotrowska Barbara 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Governing public service provision by high-consequence metrics designed to improve performance tends to produce unexpected or unintended effects, in the form of creative application of, or responses to, the performance metrics by service providers. Such creative responses can sometimes constitute useful workarounds but to the extent that they amount to undesirable ‘gaming’ how can such behaviour be kept in check? Any institutional arrangements to limit gaming of performance metrics need either to limit motives for creative categorisation or classification, or to limit the opportunities to do so, or both. This chapter outlines four such arrangements to keep gaming in check: two familiar ones (the use of authority and the use of contestation or rivalry), and two less frequently discussed ones (here termed ‘bafflement’ and ‘togetherness’). It suggests that those four approaches roughly map onto the various worldviews identified by the way-of-life analysis developed by Mary Douglas and others and concludes that there is no single wonder-drug antidote to the gaming of high-consequence metrics. Nevertheless, there may be scope for ‘cocktails’ combining different approaches and for changing the mix over time without aiming for a stable formula.
Lean in Public Services
Authors: McCann Leo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Most famous for its use in the global auto industry, lean manufacturing (or simply ‘lean’) has become a widely-adopted management system in public services. It promises to deliver world-class, customer-driven, flexible services while using resources more efficiently than in traditional forms of public administration. In an era where public services are under-funded through austerity measures and demands for greater value for money, lean can be an attractive proposition for governments and public sector managers. Lean connects to the NPM premise that ‘private is better’ and policymakers’ desire to encourage the adoption of private sector ‘best practice’ and ‘gold standards’ from world-leading corporations such as Toyota or GE. This chapter comments on the emergence of lean as a public services technology and analyses the often-excited claims of its proponents. Research on lean in public services features fundamental disagreements about the nature, impact, and appropriateness of lean. There have been heated and ugly disagreements, mirroring current debates around ‘post-truth’ and ‘alternative facts’. The chapter discusses the controversies that can erupt when heavily promoted managerial ideologies are challenged or resisted, linking the lean public services debate into broader ‘post-truth’ concerns around the fragmentation and politicisation of expert knowledge.
NPM, Accounting Information, and Politicians
Authors: ter Bogt Henk J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the Netherlands, local government started to take NPM initiatives since the 1980s. This chapter focuses on how output and outcome budgets, and the performance information included, were introduced and valued by the members of the Municipal Council, i.e. the councillors. The task of the councillors, who are elected politicians, is to democratically steer and control the municipal organisation. An important objective of output budgets and performance information was to strengthen the council’s role as the principal in the democratic control process. The output budgets did help councillors to think and discuss more in terms of clients, results and transparency. In that sense they contributed to changing habits and culture in local government. It seems, however, that more and more local politicians gradually lost faith in the value of numbers and further technical improvements in the planning and control documents. Councillors still wanted ‘better’ information, but this didn’t have to be numerical information. The more recent findings presented in this chapter also indicate that councillors are not really that interested in ‘figures’; many of them prefer to discuss ‘policies’ and to hear about the needs and feelings of the citizens and stakeholders. They also have little enthusiasm for the tasks of monitoring and controlling the Executive on the basis of the information in planning and control documents. So, the research suggests that the council does not really act as the principal in the municipal organisation. And it certainly doesn’t in a homogeneous and univocal way.
Understanding Value Creation from a Public Service Logic
Authors: Strokosch Kirsty , Osborne Stephen P. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Under New Public Management (NPM) value creation has traditionally been associated with the internal organisational efficacy of public service organisations and their ability to achieve efficient service delivery and value for money. This chapter argues that the pre-eminence of the NPM has been at the expense of a deeper understanding of value and the processes through which it is created. It proposes that by understanding value creation from a service perspective, public service production may be understood as a relational process, which is influenced by various actors, resources, and interactions. To support this discussion, we draw on the service research by exploring both its insights and limitations in a public service context.
From Voluntary Association to Professionalized Voluntary Organization
Authors: Bolleyer Nicole 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter returns to NAPA, SAS, and GPEW, with a focus on the continuity and alteration of central goals (i.e. their core identities) and their political engagement pattern from their formation onwards. To go beyond the quantitative analyses, the case studies distinguish functional goal reorientation from substantive goal orientation. Furthermore, changes in their political engagement are assessed considering several complementary dimensions at different stages of the three CSOs’ developments: the evolving specialization of the three CSO’s human resources, the changing breadth of their political action repertoires and the relative intensity of different types of strategies employed. Essentially, the analysis shows that managers proactively support politicization and the broadening of political action repertoires, without this development necessarily coming at the cost of more confrontational or participatory outsider strategies. Also, managers support change in CSO goals to broaden and diversify their organization’s external support (i.e. favour flexible adaptation) but also try to balance this endeavour with maintaining sufficient continuity to avoid alienating traditional supporters whose contributions to CSO maintenance they value.
Property Law and Property Rights
Authors: von Bar Christian , Allen Jason Grant 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the concept of property rights as monopoly rights that govern the relative position of persons in relation to objects of value—quintessentially, ‘things’. It presents the idea that a ‘thing’ is any object in which a property right can arise. This wide definition frees us from the particularities of individual jurisdictions and their conceptual framework, and to perceive the reflexive relationship between property rights and their objects accurately.
Objects, Not Persons
Authors: von Bar Christian , Allen Jason Grant 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter explains the distinction between objects and persons, being the holders of property rights. In particular, it explores the boundary between objects and persons, which can be difficult to draw in the case of (for example) prostheses, human body products, and juristic persons. Exploring the boundary between persons and objects sheds light on both concepts, and on the relation between them. In so doing, it contributes to our explication of the role of property law granting persons right to objects in order to govern their access to the resources of the outside world. Understanding this distinction and its conceptual basis is fundamental to identifying the objects of property rights and, by extension, the borders of ‘property law’ itself.
Anti-Communist Epics
Authors: Schryer Stephen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on two writers who lent their literary prestige to National Review in the magazine’s early years: Whittaker Chambers and John Dos Passos. Chambers and Dos Passos were refugees from the 1930s left who joined the conservative movement in the 1950s. They adapted a Depression-era, Marxist analysis of the American middle class for right-wing purposes, influencing conservatives’ notion of the liberal establishment. This chapter explores Chambers’s Witness (1952), his memoir of his years as a Communist spy, and Dos Passos’s Midcentury (1961), a late-career novel in which he revisits the aesthetics of his U.S.A. trilogy (1930–1936). Both books chronicle the rise of the American welfare state, tracing the class fault lines that gave rise to it; both imagine a post–World War II alliance between the working-class and property-owning entrepreneurs, at odds with the professional managerial class that ostensibly dominates that state. At the same time, both writers express unease about the role of literary intellectuals within the conservative movement, prefiguring the tensions that would characterize later writers’ association with National Review.
Conclusion
Authors: Schryer Stephen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The conclusion traces the culmination of National Review’s efforts to institute conservative counter-circuits during the presidency of Donald Trump. These efforts led to the triumph of Fox News and the Federalist Society, the conservative law society that recommended most of Trump’s federal judges. National Review’s promotion of conservative counter-circuits also culminated in the magazine’s near obsolescence; today, the magazine is increasingly cut off from the Republican Party because of its eschewal of far-right conspiracy theory. This obsolescence is dramatized by the career of Christopher Buckley, William F. Buckley, Jr.’s son, who broke with the Republican Party and conservative movement in 2008. Focusing on Make Russia Great Again (2020), Christopher Buckley’s satire of the Trump administration, I argue that his work distils the aesthetic that National Review’s literary network cultivated in the 1960s and 1970s. At the same time, it shows how that aesthetic is no longer compatible with conservative politics.
A ‘Model Framework’ for Applying Consumption Taxes to International Services and Intangibles
Authors: Millar Rebecca 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Since the release of the International VAT/GST Guidelines in 2017, the work of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) on consumption taxes has focused on the effective collection of VAT. Subsequent publications (on collecting VAT from foreign suppliers, the role of platforms in collecting VAT on online sales, and the impact of the sharing and gig economies) are firmly grounded in the principles and guidance set out in the 2017 Guidelines, and none of them recommends any change to, or clarification of, the guidance set out therein. This chapter revisits the original reasons for developing the Guidelines, as set out in a 2004 Report issued by the OECD’s Committee on Fiscal Affairs, and examines whether the 2017 Guidelines achieved those objectives. The focus is on business-to-business (B2B) transactions, and the effect of the Guidelines is illustrated by reference to three examples discussed in the 2004 Report and a further example given by the author at a conference in 2007.
The Origins of Destination-Based Income Taxation
Authors: Avi-Yonah Reuven S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Value-added taxes are destination based; that is, tax is imposed on imports and exports are zero-rated (so that the exporter can receive a refund on VAT collected in previous stages of production). Income taxes, on the other hand, are typically origin based; that is, imports are deductible and exports are taxed. However, from the very beginnings of the international tax regime, it was recognized that this treatment of income for tax purposes is unfair to destination countries which contribute to the profit created by the market. The introduction of the permanent establishment (PE) threshold and the arm’s-length standard (ALS) for dividing the income among related taxpayers significantly limited the ability of destination countries to tax cross-border business income. As early as the start of the 1990s, critics were arguing that formulary apportionment including a sales factor was a better alternative for international taxation than PE and the ALS. Pillar One of Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) 2.0 (2018) provided a partial solution that discards the PE and ALS limits on 25 per cent of the residual income of the largest multinationals. This solution may be adopted unilaterally even if Pillar One fails.
The Future of Indirect Taxation in a Digital World
Authors: Wolfers Lachlan , Stephanny Philippe 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Indirect tax measures targeting the digital economy spread at a rapid pace globally in the period from 2015 to 2020. In many jurisdictions, they have been very successful in raising revenues, with the policy aim of collecting value-added tax (VAT) in the place where final private consumption occurs. However, the authors raise concerns that tax policymakers are now at risk of overreach. This chapter puts forward eight key future focused propositions to demonstrate the potential turbulence which lies ahead. These include policy gaps leading to over- and under-taxation, new forms of digital products which may require specific solutions, an over-reliance on collecting VAT from intermediaries, and likely practical challenges ahead with tax audits. There is a growing sense of concern that these measures will be ill suited to apply to traditional businesses which are digitalizing.
Introduction
Authors: Ivanova Mirela 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The introduction situates this inquiry within the history of written culture on the one hand, and the historiography of Central and Eastern Europe on the other. It demonstrates how, despite the fact the invention of Slavonic would fit well into the wider debates about the history of writing, these two scholarly inquiries have remained disconnected largely due to the nationalised significance of Slavonic in Eastern Europe today. The introduction then offers a summary of the book’s argument, as well as important contextual information on the region under question and its political history in the ninth century. Finally, it offers a chapter summary and a methodological section, where it expands the historical method used in this book, and the influence of intellectual history on the author’s historical practice.
Constantine-Cyril Today
Authors: Ivanova Mirela 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter offers a critical assessment of the historiography on Constantine-Cyril, and its relationship to the readings of the text. More specifically, it posits that the ubiquitous celebrations of Cyril and Methodios and their alphabet have emerged from certain ways of reading our medieval sources. But that these often methodologically problematic readings have produced a climate of celebration which has then structured the context, from within which the sources have subsequently been read. It has become impossible therefore to read the Life of Constantine without already knowing and expecting it to be a text imbued with Slavonic patriotism and celebrating an apostle to the Slavs. By unpicking this context, and the consequences it has had for textual analysis, this chapter lays the groundwork for a new reading of the Life of Constantine-Cyril.
Cyril, Slavonic, and the Pope in the Life of Methodios
Authors: Ivanova Mirela 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5 offers a new reading of the Life of Methodios on its own terms and not as an extension of the Life of Cyril. In doing so it demonstrates that the VM is a radical reinvention of Slavonic, but also of its main actors. The text diminishes the significance of Cyril, learning, and rhetoric, and makes the role of Byzantine imperial power appear distant and mythical. In so doing, it redistributes the agency of Cyril, as it is found in the Life of Cyril, to the pope and the institution of the (Latin) church, through its more general promotion of papal primacy. This transformation of the alphabet also marks its institutionalisation. Finally, the Life of Methodios forges two bonds absent in the Life of Cyril but ubiquitous in scholarship: a bond between Cyril and Methodios as a sacred pair with one shared purpose, and another between Methodios and the Slavic peoples.