bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haplotype Analysis of the β2 Adrenergic Receptor Gene and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Humans
Authors: Zee Robert Y L , Cook Nancy R , Reynolds Rebecca , Cheng Suzanne , Ridker Paul M 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Polymorphisms in the β2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), in particular G16R, Q27E, and T164I, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and metabolic phenotypes. However, no prospective, genetic-epidemiological data are available on the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with these variants. Using DNA samples collected at baseline in a prospective cohort of 14,916 initially healthy American men, we evaluated the G16R, Q27E, and T164I polymorphisms among 523 individuals who subsequently developed myocardial infarction and among 2092 individuals who remained free of reported cardiovascular events during follow-up. The haplotype frequency distribution was significantly different among cases and controls ($\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{{\chi}}^{2}_{7\mathrm{d.f}.}\ =\ 20.92\) \end{document}$, P = 0.0039). Haplotype-based logistic regression, adjusting for age, smoking, and randomized treatment group, indicated that G16-Q27-I164 (odds ratio 0.178, 95% C.I. 0.043–0.737, P = 0.017) and (non-G16-Q27)-T164 (odds ratio 1.235, 95% C.I. 1.031–1.480, P = 0.022) haplotypes were significantly associated with altered risk of myocardial infarction. These findings remained after further adjustment for BMI, history of hypertension, and presence or absence of diabetes. In conclusion, variation in haplotype frequencies for the β2 adrenergic receptor gene was found to be associated with risk of myocardial infarction.
Power concavity on nonlinear parabolic flows
Authors: Lee Ki‐Ahm 
Published: November 2004

AbstractOur object in this paper is to show that the concavity of the power of a solution is preserved in the parabolic p‐Laplace equation, called power concavity, and that the power is determined by the homogeneity of the parabolic operator. In the parabolic p‐Laplace equation

for the density u, the concavity of u(p−2)/p is considered, which indicates why the log‐concavity has been considered in heat flow, p = 2. In addition, the long time existence of the classical solution of the parabolic p‐Laplacian equation can be obtained if the initial smooth data has ${p-2 \over p}$‐concavity and a nondegenerate gradient along the initial boundary. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selective memory impairment on an adapted Mini‐Mental State Examination increases risk of future dementia
Authors: Olazarán J. , Trincado R. , Bermejo F. , Benito‐León J. , Díaz J. , Vega S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether selective memory impairment (SMI) on an adapted Mini‐Mental State Examination (aMMSE) test increases risk of future dementia in a population‐based survey of central Spain.BackgroundSMI is a strong predictor of dementia in the elderly. However, most approaches have used extensive memory batteries, which are not always suitable for screening purposes.MethodsThe basal cohort consisted of 2982 poorly educated individuals aged 65 or over. Dementia, stroke and parkinsonism cases were previously excluded. At entry, participants received a structured interview including an aMMSE. Two groups were created according to basal cognitive performance, namely: (1) aMMSE > 23 and no word remembered on the aMMSE delayed‐recall task (SMI group); and (2) aMMSE > 23 and at least one word remembered on the delayed‐recall task (control group). In a three‐year follow‐up wave, conversion rate to dementia was calculated and logistic regression was performed.ResultsOf a total of 2507 subjects who completed the two evaluations, 280 qualified for SMI at entry. In the SMI group, 25 subjects (8.9%) developed dementiavs26 subjects (1.2%) in the control group. Taking the two groups together, and once demographic and medical variables had been controlled, a low delayed‐recall score increased dementia conversion rate (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.34–0.64). Alzheimer's disease was the main cause of dementia (79.8%).ConclusionsMemory impairment is a risk factor for future dementia in the neurologically‐healthy elderly. This can be observed in a subgroup of subjects with SMI defined on the aMMSE delayed‐recall subscore. Some other measurements should be added to the SMI construct to improve its predictive validity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A DNA uptake‐stimulating protein increases the antiproliferative effect of c‐myb antisense oligonucleotide on leukemic cells
Authors: Tóth György , Schlammadinger József , Aradi János , Antal‐Szalmás Péter , Sipka Sándor , Balázs Margit , Kovács Péter , Fehér Zsigmond , Falus András 
Published: November 2004

AbstractProliferation of HL‐60 and MOLT4 leukemia cells was inhibited by a c‐myb antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) in the presence of a DNA uptake‐stimulating protein (DNA uptake‐stimulating factor, DUSF). The inhibitory effect was very mild in the absence of DUSF. Sense oligonucleotides or DUSF, alone or in combination, were found to be ineffective. Cellular expression of the c‐myb protein was significantly more inhibited by the c‐myb ASO in the presence than in the absence of DUSF. In the presence of DUSF, c‐myb protein practically disappeared from the nuclei of HL‐60 and MOLT4 cells treated with the ASO. Thus, DUSF appears to effectively stimulate the uptake of c‐myb ASO into tumor cells in vitro, augmenting its antiproliferative effect by decreasing c‐myb expression.
Validation of the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire self-report version in two samples of French-speaking individuals exposed to trauma
Authors: Birmes Philippe , Brunet Alain , Benoit Maryse , Defer Sabine , Hatton Leah , Sztulman Henri , Schmitt Laurent 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackgroundPeritraumatic dissociation is a risk factor for developing PTSD. The Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ) is a self-report inventory used to assess dissociation that occurred at the time of a trauma. The aim of this study was the validation the PDEQ in French.MethodsNinety French speaking traumatized victims presenting to the emergency department were recruited. They were administered the PDEQ shortly after exposure and others trauma-related measures 2 weeks and 1 month posttrauma.ResultsPrincipal components factor analyses suggested a single factor solution for the PDEQ. Significant correlations between the PDEQ and acute and posttraumatic stress symptoms indicated moderate to strong convergent validity. The PDEQ also showed satisfactory test–retest reliability and internal consistency.ConclusionsThis study is the first one to investigate such detailed psychometric findings on the PDEQ. This confirms the unity of the concept of peritraumatic dissociation and the value of the PDEQ-French Version to assess it.
Obstetric complications in patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected siblings
Authors: Walshe M. , McDonald C. , Taylor M. , Zhao J. , Sham P. , Grech A. , Schulze K. , Bramon E. , Murray R.M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to explore whether obstetric complications (OCs) are more likely to occur in the presence of familial/genetic susceptibility for schizophrenia or whether they themselves represent an independent environmental risk factor for schizophrenia.MethodsThe presence of OCs was assessed through maternal interview on 216 subjects, comprising 36 patients with schizophrenia from multiply affected families, 38 of their unaffected siblings, 31 schizophrenic patients with no family history of psychosis, 51 of their unaffected siblings and 60 normal comparison subjects. We examined the familiality of OCs and whether OCs were commoner in the patient and sibling groups than in the control group.ResultsOCs tended to cluster within families, especially in multiply affected families. Patients with schizophrenia, especially those from multiply affected families, had a significantly higher rate of OCs compared to normal comparison subjects, but there was no evidence for an elevated rate of OCs in unaffected siblings.ConclusionOur data provides little evidence for a link between OCs and genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia. If high rates of OCs are related to schizophrenia genes, this relationship is weak and will only be detected by very large sample sizes.
Incidence of eating disorders in Navarra (Spain)
Authors: Lahortiga-Ramos Francisca , De Irala-Estévez Jokin , Cano-Prous Adrián , Gual-García Pilar , Martínez-González Miguel Ángel , Cervera-Enguix Salvador 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackgroundTo estimate the overall annual incidence and age group distribution of eating disorders in a representative sample of adolescent female residents of Navarra, Spain.MethodsWe studied a representative sample of 2734 adolescent Navarran females between 13 and 22 years of age who were free of any eating disorder at the start of our study. Eighteen months into the study, we visited the established centers and the eating attitudes test (EAT-40) and eating disorder inventory (EDI) Questionnaires were administered to the entire study population. We obtained a final response of 92%. All adolescents whose EAT score was over 21 points and a randomized sample of those who scored 21 or below, were interviewed. Any person meeting the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN) or eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) was considered a case.ResultsWe detected 90 new cases of eating disorders. Taking into consideration the randomly selected group whose EAT score was 21 points or below, we estimated the overall weighted incidence of eating disorders to be 4.8% (95% CI: 2.8–6.8), after 18 months of observation, in which EDNOS predominated with an incidence of 4.2% (95% CI: 2.0–6.3). The incidence of AN was 0.3% (95% CI: 0.2–0.5), while that of BN was also found to be 0.3% (95% CI: 0.2–0.5). The highest incidence was observed in the group of adolescents between 15 and 16 years of age.ConclusionsThe overall incidence of ED in a cohort of 2509 adolescents after 18 months of follow-up was 4.8% (95% CI: 2.8–6.8), with EDNOS outweighing the other diagnoses. The majority of new cases of eating disorders were diagnosed between ages 15 and 16.
Clinical outcome and olanzapine plasma levels in acute schizophrenia
Authors: Mauri M.C. , Steinhilber CPC , Marino R. , Invernizzi E. , Fiorentini A. , Cerveri G. , Baldi M.L. , Barale F. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPurposeThis open label study was performed to evaluate the relationship between the plasma concentration of olanzapine and the response in acute schizophrenic inpatients.Material and methodsA total of 54 inpatients, 38 males and 16 females, age ranging from 18 to 75 years, affected by Schizophrenia (DSM IV criteria) during an exacerbation phase were included in the study. Olanzapine (OLZ) was started at a dose of 5–20 mg/day and was increased to a mean dose of 15.27 mg ±5.53 S.D. Patients were evaluated at baseline, and after 2 weeks, by using BPRS, PANNS, HRS-D, EPSE, and ACS.ResultsBPRS and total PANSS showed a statistically significant improvement at the end of the study. Olanzapine plasma levels (PL) ranged from 5 to 120 ng/ml (mean 33.15 ng/ml ± 28.28 S.D.) and showed a positive correlation with OLZ dosage. A significant curvilinear correlation between OLZ PL and clinical improvement (BPRS, PANSS and HRS-D percent of amelioration) was observed.ConclusionOlanzapine plasma level determination seems to be a useful tool in optimizing acute treatment particularly for more problematic cases.
The consumption of cigarettes, coffee and sweets in detoxified alcoholics and its association with relapse and a family history of alcoholism
Authors: Junghanns Klaus , Backhaus Jutta , Tietz Ulrike , Lange Wolfgang , Rink Lothar , Wetterling Tilman , Driessen Martin 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThirty male alcohol dependent inpatients without concurrent depressive disorder, 13 of them with a positive family history of alcohol dependence in a first degree relative (PFH), were questioned about their desire and consumption habits with respect to cigarettes, coffee, and sweets while on a three-week inpatient treatment after detoxification from alcohol. Six weeks after discharge from hospital, the patients were reassessed for relapse. Eleven patients (36.6%) had relapsed at follow-up. Relapsers were younger than abstainers. The days until relapse correlated negatively with intensity of desire to drink alcohol, desire to smoke cigarettes, and with a higher consumption of cigarettes. PFH patients did not relapse earlier but they had a stronger desire to drink coffee and eat sweets and had a higher coffee consumption.
Paroxysmal MEG activity in obsessive compulsive patients without SSRIs therapy
Authors: Amo C. , Fernández A. , León J.M. , Ortiz T. , Maestú F. , Ferre F. , López-Ibor M.I. , López-Ibor J.J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe describe a fronto-temporal paroxysmal rhythmic activity registered by magnetoencephalography (MEG) in two patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) without SSRIs treatment. The localization of the activity involves cingulate cortex and frontal areas. We think that these MEG findings are related to the disease itself, rather than representing pharmacological SSRIs effect.
Effects of climate on admission rates of schizophrenia patients to psychiatric hospitals
Authors: Shiloh Roni , Shapira Avraham , Potchter Oded , Hermesh Haggai , Popper Miriam , Weizman Abraham 
Published: November 2004

AbstractData on admissions of schizophrenia- and schizoaffective disorder patients to Tel-Aviv’s seven public psychiatric hospitals during 11 consecutive years were obtained along with relevant meteorological information. Mean monthly admission rates were significantly higher during the summer (for schizophrenia patients) and fall (for schizoaffective patients). Schizophrenia patients’ mean monthly admission rates correlated with mean maximal monthly environmental temperature (R =0.35, N =132 months, P <0.001). The present study may indicate that persistent high environmental temperature may be a contributing factor for psychotic exacerbation in schizophrenia patients and their consequent admission to mental hospitals.
Trotskyism Emerges from Obscurity: New Chapters in Its Historiography
Authors: Stutje Jan Willem 
Published: November 2004

BENSAÏD, DANIEL. Les trotskysmes. Deuxième éd. [Que sais-je?, 3629.] Presses Universitaires de France, Paris 2002. 128 pp. € 6.50.CHARPIER, FRÉDÉRIC. Histoire de l'extrême gauche trotskiste. De 1929 à nos jours. Editions 1, Paris 2002. 402 pp. € 22.00.MARIE, JEAN-JACQUES. Le trotskysme et les trotskystes. D'hier à aujourd'hui, l'ideologie et les objectifs des trotskystes à travers le monde. [Collection L'Histoire au present.] Armand Colin, Paris 2002. 224 pp. € 21.00.NICK, CHRISTOPHE. Les Trotskistes. Fayard, [Paris] 2003. 618 pp. € 23.00.The Trotskyist Fourth International went through many quarrels and splits after its foundation in 1938 – understandably, given the political and social isolation in which the movement generally functioned. Its enemies to its left and right crowded the Trotskyists into an uncomfortably narrow space. Trotskyists' intense internal discussions functioned as a sort of immune response, which could only be effective if theoretical and programmatic issues were clearly formulated. The more practical success eluded them, the more programmatic clarity served as compensation and monopolized their attention. In the name of various “isms” their passions sometimes took acute forms, while, under the surface, “ordinary” human shortcomings threw oil on the fire.
The Heat of Expansion of a Gas of Varying Mass
Authors: Gillespie L. J. , Coe J. R. 
Published: November 2004

In this paper equations are given for the direct treatment of experiments in which not only heat, but also masses, pass the boundary of the container of the system during the experiment. The theoretical development is correlated with the treatment of Gibbs, and certain difficulties, mentioned by others, in the physical interpretation of his equations, are incidentally removed. It was found possible, within a reasonable time, to cause a gas to expand slowly enough from a calorimeter to simulate a reversible expansion, and the special equation developed for the heat of expansion with the aid of the Beattie-Bridgeman equation of state was verified by the results for the slow expansion of carbon dioxide and ammonia. In the case of carbon dioxide the effect of the deviations from the ideal gas law was to make the heat effect in excess of that calculated for an ideal gas by a sufficient amount so that the excess itself could be calculated within about 7 percent. A series of expansions of carbon dioxide was carried out at varying rates of flow, some as fast as permissible. The results, correlated by means of an empirical relation, serve to show that the results of the slow expansions correspond practically to an infinitely slow expansion. They also indicate that the heat effect for an infinitely rapid expansion is not zero for a real gas, but possibly vanishes with the pressure. In the absence of a perfectly sound method of calculating the heat effect for an infinitely fast expansion, a method is suggested which has at least the merit of agreement with the present experiments.
The bearing of the results on variable-pressure calorimetry, as practiced in experiments on the heat of adsorption, is briefly discussed.
The Nature of the Chemical Bond. V. The Quantum-Mechanical Calculation of the Resonance Energy of Benzene and Naphthalene and the Hydrocarbon Free Radicals
Authors: Pauling Linus , Wheland G. W. 
Published: November 2004

The secular equations corresponding to the five canonical structures for benzene and the forty-two for naphthalene, considered as six and ten-electron systems, respectively, are set up and solved with certain simplifying assumptions, leading to energy values differing by 1.1055α and 2.0153α, respectively, from those corresponding to unexcited (Kekulé-type) structures, α being a single exchange integral involving neighboring carbon atoms. Equating these values to the empirical values of the resonance energy, α is found to be about — 1.5 v.e.
It is pointed out that the dissociation of certain substituted ethanes into free radicals is due not to weakness of the carbon-carbon bond in the ethane but to the stabilization of the free radicals resulting from resonance among the structures in which the unpaired electron is located on the methyl carbon and those in which it is on other atoms (ortho, para, etc., to the methyl carbon). The secular equations for a number of such radicals have been solved, neglecting excited structures. The experimentally determined heat of formation of hexaphenylethane from triphenylmethyl, 0.5 v.e., when equated to the calculated value C–C+2.2156α, with C–C = 3.65 v.e., leads to α = — 1.4 v.e. The calculated tendencies towards dissociation are in satisfactory agreement with observation, such features as the smaller dissociating power of β-naphthyl than of α-naphthyl and of biphenylene than of diphenyl being accounted for, so that resonance among the structures considered may be accepted as the principal effect causing the stability of the hydrocarbon free radicals.
Activation Energies for Reactions of Atoms in Different States
Authors: Rollefson G. K. , Potts J. C. 
Published: November 2004

A slight modification of Eyring's method enables the activation energy for the reaction of iodine monochloride with normal or with excited chlorine atoms to be calculated. The calculations indicate that normal chlorine atoms are much more reactive with respect to iodine chloride than are chlorine atoms excited to the 2P½ state. Experimental evidence supporting these calculations is obtained from the results of Rollefson and Lindquist with mixtures of hydrogen, chlorine and iodine monochloride.
In the modified method, the atomic interactions—which give rise to the activation energy—are obtained from the potential energies of those molecular states which may be adiabatically formed from atoms in the particular electronic states to be considered.
The Near Infrared Spectrum of Benzene-d6
Authors: Barnes R. Bowling , Brattain R. Robert 
Published: November 2004

The transmission spectrum of C6D6 has been studied from 1μ to 13.25μ and the shifts of three of the four infrared active vibrations determined. The results obtained are in substantial agreement with the assumption of a plane symmetrical molecule as outlined by Wilson.
Measurements on C6H6 and thiophene extending from 1μ to 15μ are also presented.
An evaluation of elastic properties and coefficients of thermal expansion of graphite fibres from macroscopic composite input data
Authors: Rupnowski P. , Gentz M. , Sutter J. K. , Kumosa M. 
Published: November 2004

In this work, a methodology has been presented for the evaluation of stiffness properties and temperature–dependent coefficients of thermal expansion of continuous fibres from the macroscopic properties of either unidirectional or woven composites. The methodology was used to determine the stiffness and thermal properties of T650–35 graphite fibres from the macroscopic input data of unidirectional and woven composites based on the same fibres embedded in a PMR–15 polyimide matrix. In the first part of the analysis, the fibre properties were determined directly from the unidirectional composite macro data using the inversed Eshelby–Mori–Tanaka approach. Subsequently, certain fibre properties were additionally evaluated indirectly from the woven composite, using the finite–element method and the concept of a representative unit cell.
It has been shown that the temperature–dependent coefficients of thermal expansion of the fibres can be estimated from the unidirectional composite macro data with significantly smaller errors than in the case of the elastic properties. It has also been shown that the errors in the evaluation of the elastic properties of the fibres from the macro unidirectional composite data could be significantly reduced if the fibres were placed in a stiff matrix material: much stiffer than the polyimide resin. The longitudinal and transverse coefficients of thermal expansions and the shear modulus of the T650–35 fibres determined from the unidirectional composite analysis were successfully verified by investigating the woven composite.