bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient and Scalable Synthesis of 6,6-Dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo [3.1.0]hexan-2-one through Organocatalyzed Desymmetrization and Chemoselective Reduction
Authors: Echeverria Pierre-Georges , Tintori Guillaume , Jacob Clément , Delsarte Christine , Potié François , Grimaud Laurence , Vitale Maxime 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe development of a robust process to 6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one, a key intermediate toward several active compounds of interest, is described. A scalable organocatalyzed desymmetrization was first studied and the reaction proved to be compatible with standard dilution. A kinetic study was performed to elucidate substrate and catalyst concentration dependences. Next, a chemoselective reduction of the carboxylic acid was developed. The scalability was demonstrated on 100 g scale through a fully telescoped process.
Rh(III)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Isocoumarins via C–H Activation of Phenacyl Phosphoniums with Iodonium Ylides
Authors: Yao Jinzhong , Miao Maozhong , Zhou Hongwei , Jiang Lu , Gao Lei , Li Xiaofei , Shao Tingting 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA phosphonium-assisted C–H cyclization with iodonium ylides has been developed under redox-neutral rhodium(III) catalysis, offering a wide variety of valuable isocoumarins in moderate to good yields. This transformation proceeds through C–H activation, carbene insertion, and nucleophilic addition processes. The reaction occurs under a low catalyst loading in a short reaction time and does not require an oxidant.
Compressive Strength of Newly Developed Nonsintered Hydroxyapatite Blocks for Bone Graft Applications
Authors: Sunarso Sunarso , Suryadi Abdi , Indrani Decky Joesiana , Pangesty Azizah Intan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to fabricate and evaluate the phase purity and compressive strength of the nonsintered hydroxyapatite (HA) block obtained via phase transformation of set calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) block under hydrothermal conditions at different temperatures.
Materials and Methods Nonsintered HA block was prepared by immersion CSD block (4 mm in diameter and 8 mm in height) in a 1 mol/L sodium phosphate (Na3PO4) solution under hydrothermal conditions at 100°C, 140°C, and 180°C for 48 hours. X-ray diffraction was used to determine the crystalline phase of the obtained blocks. The mechanical strength of the blocks was measured using a compressive strength test.
Results The result shows that the CSD block could be fully transformed into a HA block at 180°C for 48 hours without changing its macroscopic shape. The compressive strength of the obtained blocks was lower compared with the CSD block.
Conclusion The current method has successfully produced a nonsintered HA block at 180°C for 48 hours. The compressive strength of the HA block decreased compared with the gypsum block used as a precursor. However, the compressive strength of the HA block that was produced still falls within the range of cancellous bone.
Influence of Wearing a Tactical Harness on Three-Dimensional Thoracic Limb Kinematics
Authors: Sandberg Gabriella S. , Pawloski Thomas , Kang Sean , Banu Eliza , Torres Bryan T. , Budsberg Steven C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a tactical harness on three-dimensional motion of the thoracic limb in dogs.
Animals Five adult mixed-breed dogs (age: 4–6 years, weight: 25–35 kg) were used in this study.
Methods Custom-fit tactical harnesses were applied to each dog and 19 retroreflective skin markers were used to determine three-dimensional joint motion during dynamic motion, with and without the harness. Sagittal plane (flexion–extension), transverse plane (internal–external rotation), and frontal plane (abduction–adduction) kinematics were created for the shoulder, elbow, and carpus from motion capture data, with and without the harness. Kinematic waveforms were analysed using statistical parametric mapping paired t-tests (a = 0.05). Angular displacements were determined, and total joint range of motion was compared using paired t-tests (a = 0.05).
Results Wearing a tactical harness increased sagittal angular displacement in the elbow but decreased it in the shoulder and carpus. Significant differences were found in the kinematic waveforms in almost all joints at both a walk and trot. Dogs wearing the tactical harness had reduced flexion and increased abduction of the shoulder joint at a walk. The elbow joint had increased extension, reduced external rotation and increased abduction at both walk and trot. The carpus had reduced flexion at a trot and walk, as well as increased internal rotation and abduction at a walk.
Conclusion Wearing a tactical harness affected kinematic gait data of all joints of the forelimb. The elbow was affected in all three planes at both a walk and trot, while the shoulder joint was only affected at a walk when wearing a tactical harness.
Clinical Relevance The clinical impact of wearing a tactical harness is unknown at this time, particularly when dogs are performing their duties while wearing harnesses.
MNE–civil society interactions: a systematic review and research agenda
Authors: Bruijn Kayleigh , Georgallis Panikos , Albino-Pimentel João , Kourula Arno , Teegen Hildy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMultinational enterprises (MNEs) and civil society (CS) interact in many ways across countries, with significant implications for these actors and for broader society. We review 166 studies of MNE–CS interactions in international business, general management, business and society, political science, sociology, and specialized non-profit journals over three decades. We synthesize this large and fragmented literature to characterize the nature (cooperation or conflict) and context (geography, industry, and issue) of MNE–CS interactions and uncover their antecedents, outcomes, and moderators. Our review reveals important blind spots in our understanding of the antecedents and outcomes of MNE–CS interactions and uncovers substantial discrepancy between the contexts of real-world MNE–CS interactions and the contexts examined in the literature. We propose actionable recommendations to (i) better indicate and expand the contexts where MNE–CS interactions are studied; (ii) enrich understanding of the antecedents of MNE–CS interactions by leveraging institutional and cultural perspectives; (iii) reorient research on the outcomes of MNE–CS interactions by examining the temporal dynamics of MNE learning and legitimacy, and (iv) emphasize societal relevance as reflected, for example, in green capabilities and moral markets. We hope this review will inspire new inter-disciplinary perspectives on MNE–CS interactions and inform research addressing urgent societal challenges.
Long-term effects of olive mill waste waters spreading on the soil rhizospheric properties of olive trees grown under Mediterranean arid climate
Authors: Abdennbi Siwar , Chaieb Mohamed , Mekki Ali 
Published: November 2023

Context The spreading of olive mill waste waters (OMWW) could offer an appropriate management option to add value to this agricultural by-product, such as to increase soil fertility and plant productivity. Aims The main objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the application of OMWW (at a fixed dose of 50 m3 ha−1), in the long term (20 years) on the soil rhizospheric properties and on old olive trees (80 years old) growth and productivity. Methods The experimental site consists of four plots treated with OMWW (T1, T2, T3 and T4) and four ‘control’ plots (C1, C2, C3 and C4), without any treatment. The treated plots have received each a fixed dose of 50 m3 ha−1 of OMWW in February of each year since 2004. Key results The results obtained showed that the addition of OMWW increased the soil water retention capacity (SWRC) and its organic matter content (OMC), as well as the augment of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) levels. The activity of the soil rhizospheric microflora was significantly enhanced. Conclusions OMWW application to the soil surface in an olive orchard at 50 m3 ha−1, since 2004, had no negative effects on the tree’s vegetative growth and satisfied plant P, K and N requirement. Implications Our study showed that OMWW can enhance the soil properties and enrich the soil with necessary minerals.
“Ih gebiude dir, wurm!”
Authors: Concu Valentina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe number of diachronic studies on English speech acts has recently increased remarkably, highlighting the importance of these phenomena for the understanding of the contextualised dimension of linguistic interactions. Recent studies on the realisation of directives in Old English have shown how, in the Anglo-Saxon world, negative politeness did not play a significant role. This study also focusses on the realisation of directives from a diachronic perspective but concentrating on Old Saxon and Old High German, filling an empirical gap in the literature. Focussing on four manifestations, the preliminary data shows the Old Saxon and Old High German may have also been worlds “beyond politeness”.
Final report on APMP.EM-K2 key comparison of resistance standards at 10 MΩ and 1 GΩ
Authors: Yu Kwang Min , Kim Wan Seop 
Published: November 2023

Main text
In order to link the National Metrology Institutes (NMI) organized in Asia Pacific Metrology Programme (APMP) to the key comparison CCEM-K2, APMP.EM-K2 key comparison was piloted by the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), beginning in July 2010 and completed July 2014 with the participation of 13 National Metrology Institutes (NMIs). The results of this key comparison for 10 MΩ and 1 GΩ standards indicate good agreement among the 13 participating NMIs despite the long comparison period. Agreement is well within the level of confidence of 95%.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Plasma catalysis: separating plasma and surface contributions for an Ar/N2/O2 atmospheric discharge interacting with a Pt catalyst
Authors: Hinshelwood Michael , Oehrlein Gottlieb S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium plasmas can form nitrogen oxide (NO
x
) compounds directly from nitrogen and oxygen without a catalyst, and at lower catalyst temperatures than would be possible without plasma. In this work, the oxidation of plasma-produced NO from an Ar/N2/O2 non-equilibrium atmospheric-pressure plasma-jet (APPJ) over a platinum-on-alumina powder catalyst was investigated with in-situ infrared spectroscopy. Products downstream of the catalyst bed were analyzed along with catalyst surface species. The catalyst was exposed to plasma at both constant temperature and a cyclic temperature ramp in order to study long-lasting and transient surface changes. Primary incident reactive species to the catalyst were assessed to be NO and O3. Pt-Al2O3 at 350 °C increased oxidation of NO relative to Al2O3 or an empty chamber. The surface state of Pt-Al2O3 evolves during plasma-effluent exposure and requires upwards of 20 min exposure for stabilization compared to Al2O3. Once stable surface conditions are achieved, thermal cycling reveals a repeatable hysteresis pattern in downstream products. At low temperature, oxygen and NO
x
accumulate on the catalyst surface and react at elevated temperatures to form NO2. Increasing plasma power and O2:N2 ratio increases the hysteresis of the heating relative to the cooling curves in the pattern of NO2 formation. The limitation on NO oxidation at high temperatures was assessed to be Pt-O which is depleted as the catalyst is heated. Once stored species have been depleted, NO oxidation rates are determined by incoming reactants. Two overlapping NO oxidation patterns are identified, one determined by surface reactants formed at low temperature, and the other by reactants arriving at the surface at high temperature. The plasma is responsible for providing the reactants to the catalyst surface, while the catalyst enables reaction at high temperature or storage at low temperature for subsequent reaction.
What determines the rest frame of bubble nucleation?
Authors: Chen Yilin , Vilenkin Alexander 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We revisit the question addressed in recent papers by Garriga et al.: what determines the rest frame of pair nucleation in a constant electric field? The conclusion reached in these papers is that pairs are observed to nucleate at rest in the rest frame of the detector which is used to detect the pairs. A similar conclusion should apply to bubble nucleation in a false vacuum. This conclusion however is subject to doubt due to the unphysical nature of the model of a constant eternal electric field that was used by Garriga et al. The number density of pairs in such a field would be infinite at any finite time. Here we address the same question in a more realistic model where the electric field is turned on at a finite time t
0 in the past. The process of turning on the field breaks the Lorentz invariance of the model and could in principle influence the frame of pair nucleation. We find however that the conclusion of Garriga et al. still holds in the limit t
0 → -∞. This shows that the setup process of the electric field does not have a lasting effect on the observed rest frame of pair nucleation. On the other hand, the electric current and charge density due to the pairs are determined by the way in which the electric field was turned on.
Fractal dynamics and computational analysis of local fractional Poisson equations arising in electrostatics
Authors: Singh Jagdev , Jassim Hassan Kamil , Kumar Devendra , Dubey Ved Prakash 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the local fractional natural decomposition method (LFNDM) is used for solving a local fractional Poisson equation. The local fractional Poisson equation plays a significant role in the study of a potential field due to a fixed electric charge or mass density distribution. Numerical examples with computer simulations are presented in this paper. The obtained results show that LFNDM is effective and convenient for application.
Optimum design and research of switched reluctance motor for electric vehicle based on Motor-Cad
Authors: Xu J Q , Liu Z S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With the development of the economy and the deepening of the energy crisis, electric vehicle has now become the hotspot of the global automotive industry. Therefore, as the key part of electric vehicle, the design and research of drive motor has become the focus of attention of engineers and technicians. Because of its simple structure, easy maintenance, high output power, high output torque, wide speed range, and high efficiency, the switched reluctance motor (SRM) has been one of the first choice of electric vehicle driving motors. According to the performance requirements of electric vehicle driving motors, a 3-phase 24/16 pole with rated power of 30 kW switched reluctance motor (SRM) for electric vehicle has been designed in this paper by using Motor-Cad which can be used to optimize the parameters of motor to make the overall structure of the motor more reasonable. In order to reduce the torque ripple of switched reluctance motor, appropriate stator polar arc and rotor polar arc design are used in the motor. To realize the speed control of switched reluctance motor in a wide range, PWM control mode is adopted in this paper, which has fast motor response speed, high power factor and excellent dynamic and static performance. The simulation results show that the performance indexes of the switched reluctance motor meet the design requirements completely.
Preliminary study on friction stir spot welding of plastic sheets with non-metallic tools
Authors: Liu C T , Xu S H , Shen H G , Chang Y P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In recent years, 3D printing technology of engineering plastics is often used in various fields to develop prototypes of parts. Friction stir spot welding of lap joints of different engineering plastics has considerable potential for industrial applications. This study used a self-developed non-metallic tool to successfully form the PLA joints on a modified conventional drilling machine. The results show the average downward force and average welding torque decreased with increasing the rotating speeds and dwell times. The stir zone width is slightly increased with increasing the rotating speed, and its signification increased with the dwell time. The increase in stir zone width on the different rotating speeds and the dwell times is similar to the increasing trend in average temperature. The average temperature multiplied by the dwell time defined as the bonding factors is similar to the diffusion bonding. The stir zone width is increased with increasing the bonding factor because there has still some distance between the shoulder to the lap surface, the stir action by the shoulder is not easy riches to the lap surface, so the stir zone only occurs within the FSP zone and the stir zone width never exceeds the shoulder diameter.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel of selected laser sintering
Authors: Lin J , Ye Y T , Lin H Y , Wang P S , Wang C A , Tseng S C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) has received global attention, because the AM can manufacture irregular and complex-shaped parts and reduce material waste. In this paper, the 316L stainless steel powder was made into a structure conforming to the size of ASTM E8 by the selected laser sintering (SLS). The AM parameters were set as fixed laser power (220 W) and layer thickness of 0.03 mm, as well as scanning speed (900 mm/s and 800 mm/s), different annealing temperatures (750°C, 850°C and 950°C), and time (3 minutes, 6 minutes and 9 minutes). The results show that the optimal tensile strength was 639 MPa when the scanning speed was 800 mm/s, and the annealing temperature and time were 750°C and 3 minutes, respectively. In addition, the maximum elongation was 43% when the annealing temperature and time were 850°C for 6 minutes and 9 minutes, and 950°C for 9 minutes. The as-SLS of fast and slow scanning speeds were compared, the maximum tensile strength increased from 575 MPa to 639 MPa (increased by 11.1%), and the elongation increased from 21% to 32% (increased by 13.1%). The significant records of the 316L mechanical properties are extremely important for the fundamental understanding of SLS.
Eosin-Y containing electrospun fibers for optical ammonia sensing based on wavelength shift
Authors: Simanjuntak M S , Chu C S , Rispandi R , Putro D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sensors in recent days have been in great demand in industrial zones of simple, low-cost sensors for effectively sensing various gases. This research work develops electrospinning fibers for optical ammonia sensing based on the wavelength shift. The optical sensing fibers were produced approach by the electrospinning technique. The addition of cellulose acetate (CA) matrix with doped Eosin-Y is an NH3 fluorophore. The same light emitting diode (LED) light source was used to excite NH3-sensitive dyes at 380 nm peak wavelength. Display the eosin Y emission spectrum, with a maximum wavelength of 582 nanometers. The observed red emission wavelength shift and fluorescence intensity at 582 nm decreased with increasing concentrations of NH3. The emission spectrum of eosin-Y fluorescence at 582 nanometers is changed with increasing NH3 concentrations ranging from 0 to 500 parts per million. In this work, according to the experiment results, the sensitivity of NH3 sensors is 7.73. Finally, the electrospinning fibers for optical NH3 sensing developed as a result of this research enable effective sensing of NH3 concentrations in practical applications in a variety of fields, including medical and industrial.
FEM simulation optimization and slab method on rotating extrusion of thin-walled round tube under constant shear friction
Authors: Chang K H , Huang B C , Teng H Y , Tzou G Y 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This research considering constant shear friction is to explore the rotating extrusion of thin-walled round tube based on FEM simulation and slab method, and compares the results of both models to realize the variations and acceptance. The effective stress, the effective strain, the velocity field, the average thickness, the extrusion force, and the extrusion torque can be obtained from this study. It reveals the average thickness obtained from rotating extrusion is more uniform than that obtained from no rotating extrusion. The FEM optimization for extrusion force can be combined with Taguchi method, the L934 orthogonal table considers the four control factors which are outer diameter to thickness ratio, frictional factor, rotating angular velocity, half die angle, and three levels. The ranking of influence factors and the optimization combination can be obtained from FEM simulation optimization. Eventually the extrusion force between FEM simulation and slab method is compared under rotating angular velocity, 0.2 rad/s, the maximum error is 10.49 % and the minimum error is -0.29%; the average error is 4.16%, so the trend is in good agreement each other. Therefore, the both models can be verified.
Effect of Hot Isostatic Pressing on Microstructure and Properties of GH4169 Superalloy Manufactured by SLM
Authors: Lv Zhoujin , Chen Shuo , Che Lida , Niu Shanting , Xin Hongpeng , He Jing , Li Xiangyang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the additive manufacturing of the GH4169 superalloy, various defects including cracks and holes can occur in the alloy. In this study, the effects of distinct HIP temperatures and pressure on the microstructure and mechanical properties of GH4169 were studied utilizing the metallographic microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-Ray diffraction(XRD), density, microhardness, and tensile experiment. SEM and XRD results indicate that HIP can alter the texture of the matrix phase and dramatically modify the microstructure of the test alloy manufactured by SLM. Following HIP, density increases due to the pore closure of GH4169, and the hardness decreases due to the decomposition of Laves phase. Tensile testing revealed that increasing HIP temperature and pressure led to a slight reduction in the tensile strength and yield strength of the test alloy, while elongation exhibited an opposite trend. Furthermore, the increase in elongation is attributed to the improvement of the microstructure uniformity of the test alloy by HIP. And the evidence suggested that 1165°C, 155MPa is an optimal HIP parameter. Besides, the resulting alloy has a high tensile strength (1046MPa), yield strength (654MPa), and elongation (42%). The Laves phase and carbide are evenly distributed. This optimal HIP parameter will facilitate subsequent heat treatment for obtaining higher mechanical properties of the alloy.