bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body composition of infants at 6 months of age using a 3-compartment model
Authors: Kuriyan Rebecca , Hills Andrew P. , Murphy-Alford Alexia , Padmanabha Ramya , Nyati Lukhanyo H. , Byrne Nuala M. , Kurpad Anura V. , Norris Shane ,   Multi-Center Infant Body Composition Reference Study (MIBCRS), Ariff Shabina , Santos Ina S. , Wickramasinghe V. Pujitha , Murphy-Alford Alexia J. , Nyati Lukhanyo , Costa Caroline S. , Lucas Nishani , Ahmad Tanvir , Ahuja Kiran D. K. , Beckett Jeffrey M. , Bielemann Renata M. , Charania Laila , Christian Michele P. , Divya Priscilla J. , Hanley Anne , Herath Manoja P. , Ismail Leila C. , Jayasinghe Sisitha , Lanerolle Pulani , Loechl Cornelia , Moktar Najat , Senerath Upul , Slater Christine , Soofi Sajid , Street Steven J. , Valle Neiva C. J. , Yameen Ayesha 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Two compartment (2 C) models of body composition, including Air Displacement Plethysmography (ADP) and Deuterium Dilution (DD), assume constant composition of fat-free mass (FFM), while 3-compartment (3 C) model overcomes some of these assumptions; studies are limited in infants. The objective of the present study is to compare 3 C estimates of body composition in 6-mo. old infants from Australia, India, and South Africa, including FFM density and hydration, compare with published literature and to evaluate agreement of body composition estimates from ADP and DD.

Methods
Body volume and water were measured in 176 healthy infants using ADP and DD. 3C-model estimates of fat mass (FM), FFM and its composition were calculated, compared between countries (age and sex adjusted) and with published literature. Agreement between estimates from ADP and DD were compared by Bland–Altman and correlation analyses.

Results
South African infants had significantly higher % FM (11.5%) and density of FFM compared to Australian infants. Australian infants had significantly higher % FFM (74.7 ± 4.4%) compared to South African infants (71.4 ± 5.0) and higher FFMI (12.7 ± 0.8 kg/m2) compared to South African (12.3 ± 1.2 kg/m2) and Indian infants (11.9 ± 1.0 kg/m2). FFM composition of present study differed significantly from literature. Pooled three country estimates of FM and FFM were comparable between ADP and DD; mean difference of −0.05 (95% CI: −0.64, +0.55) kg and +0.05 (95% CI: −0.55, +0.64) kg.

Conclusions
3C-model estimates of body composition in infants differed between countries; future studies are needed to confirm these findings and investigate causes for the differences.
Prednisolone and rapamycin reduce the plasma cell gene signature and may improve AAV gene therapy in cynomolgus macaques
Authors: Kistner Alexander , Chichester Jessica A. , Wang Lili , Calcedo Roberto , Greig Jenny A. , Cardwell Leah N. , Wright Margaret C. , Couthouis Julien , Sethi Sunjay , McIntosh Brian E. , McKeever Kathleen , Wadsworth Samuel , Wilson James M. , Kakkis Emil , Sullivan Barbara A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdeno-associated virus (AAV) vector gene therapy is a promising approach to treat rare genetic diseases; however, an ongoing challenge is how to best modulate host immunity to improve transduction efficiency and therapeutic outcomes. This report presents two studies characterizing multiple prophylactic immunosuppression regimens in male cynomolgus macaques receiving an AAVrh10 gene therapy vector expressing human coagulation factor VIII (hFVIII). In study 1, no immunosuppression was compared with prednisolone, rapamycin (or sirolimus), rapamycin and cyclosporin A in combination, and cyclosporin A and azathioprine in combination. Prednisolone alone demonstrated higher mean peripheral blood hFVIII expression; however, this was not sustained upon taper. Anti-capsid and anti-hFVIII antibody responses were robust, and vector genomes and transgene mRNA levels were similar to no immunosuppression at necropsy. Study 2 compared no immunosuppression with prednisolone alone or in combination with rapamycin or methotrexate. The prednisolone/rapamycin group demonstrated an increase in mean hFVIII expression and a mean delay in anti-capsid IgG development until after rapamycin taper. Additionally, a significant reduction in the plasma cell gene signature was observed with prednisolone/rapamycin, suggesting that rapamycin’s tolerogenic effects may include plasma cell differentiation blockade. Immunosuppression with prednisolone and rapamycin in combination could improve therapeutic outcomes in AAV vector gene therapy.
Phylogenetic relatedness can influence cover crop-based weed suppression
Authors: Menalled Uriel D. , Smith Richard G. , Cordeau Stephane , DiTommaso Antonio , Pethybridge Sarah J. , Ryan Matthew R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCover crops are plants grown to provide regulating, supporting, and cultural ecosystem services in managed environments. In agricultural systems, weed suppression services from cover crops can be an important tool to promote sustainability as reliance on herbicides and tillage for weed management has caused pollution, biodiversity loss, and human health issues. However, to effectively use weed suppression services from cover crops, farmers must carefully select species that fit within their rotations and suppress their problematic weeds. Understanding how the relatedness between cover crops and weeds affects their interactions will help farmers select cover crops for targeted weed management. The phylogenetic distance between species reflects their relatedness and was studied through a series of field experiments that compared weed suppression in winter and summer cover crops with tilled controls. This study demonstrates that cover crops can reduce up to 99% of weed biomass and alter weed community structure by suppressing phylogenetically related weed species. Results also suggest that cover crop planting season can influence weed community structure since only overwintering treatments affected the phylogenetic distance of weed communities. In an applied context, these results help develop cover crop-based weed management systems, demonstrating that problematic weeds can be managed by selecting phylogenetically related cover crop species. More broadly, this study provides a framework for evaluating weed communities through a phylogenetic perspective, which provides new insight into plant interactions in agriculture.
Preparation of magnetic biochar functionalized by polyvinyl imidazole and palladium nanoparticles for the catalysis of nitroarenes hydrogenation and Sonogashira reaction
Authors: Mohammadi Pourya , Heravi Majid M. , Mohammadi Leila , Saljooqi Asma 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCatalysts are essential materials in biotechnology, medicine, industry, and chemistry. On the other hand, recycling and using waste materials is important in economic efficiency and green chemistry. Thus, biochar was prepared from the stem and roots of the Spear Thistle to recover waste. After magnetizing the biochar, its surface was modified with polyvinyl imidazole. Finally, this modified biochar was decorated with Pd nanoparticles and used as a selective and recyclable nanocatalyst in the hydrogenation of nitroarenes and the Sonogashira reaction. The structure of this organic–inorganic nanocatalyst has been characterized by FESEM-EDS, XRD, FT-IR, TEM, and VSM techniques. In the hydrogenation reaction with the amount of 30 mg of nanocatalyst, the temperature of 50 °C in the water solvent, the reaction efficiency reached 99% for 30 min. In addition, under optimal conditions for the Sonogashira reaction: 1.0 mmol iodobenzene, 1.2 mmol phenylacetylene, 20 mg MBC-PVIm/Pd, 2 mmol K2CO3 in H2O at 50 C for 15 min, the reaction efficiency reached 95%. The recyclability of magnetic nanocatalysts was investigated and recognized this nanocatalyst can be used several times without notable loss of its activity.
Synergism of mechanisms underlying early-stage changes in retina function in male hyperglycemic db/db mice in the absence and presence of chemically-induced dyslipidemia
Authors: Johnston Thomas P. , Edwards Genea , Koulen Peter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe study was designed to quantify retina function in a spontaneous mutation mouse model of diabetes, in which sustained dyslipidemia was induced chemically. The goal of the study was to identify if dyslipidemia in the presence of hyperglycemia resulted in either a synergistic, or a merely additive, exacerbation of retinal and visual dysfunctions in diabetes. Two cohorts of mice, male C57BL/6 and C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were divided into two groups each. One group of each strain received the triblock copolymer, poloxamer 407 (P-407), administered by intraperitoneal injection (“WT P-407” and “db/db P-407” groups) with saline as a control in the remaining two groups (“WT” and “db/db” groups). Blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC) and total triglyceride (TG) levels were quantified using enzyme-based colorimetric assays. Retina function was measured using electroretinography (ERG) and visual acuity was determined by behaviorally assessing parameters of the optomotor reflex. TC and TG levels were normal in both saline controls (WT) and db/db mice but were significantly elevated in the WT P-407 group (p < 0.01 for TC; p < 0.001 for TG), while levels of the same lipids were further elevated in the db/db P-407 group when compared to the WT P-407 group levels (p < 0.001 for both TC and TG). Behavioral assessment of the optomotor reflex indicated reduced visual acuity for the db/db P-407 group when compared to either the WT P-407 or the db/db groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.0001). ERG measurements of scotopic retina function showed a significant decline in the scotopic b-wave amplitude of the WT P-407 animals (p < 0.01) and a further reduction for the db/db P-407 group when compared to controls (p < 0.0001). Very significant, strong correlations between scotopic b-wave amplitude and implicit time to TC (r =  − 0.8376, p =  < 0.0001 and r = 0.7069, p = 0.0022, respectively) and TG levels (r =  − 0.8554, p =  < 0.0001 and r = 0.7150, p = 0.0019, respectively) were found. Dyslipidemia in the presence of hyperglycemia synergistically exacerbated the severity of retinal dysfunction in diabetes. P-407 administration significantly elevated plasma TC and TG levels in male wild-type (WT) and diabetic mice (db/db), but the resulting hyperlipidemia was more significantly pronounced in the diabetic mice. While elevated plasma lipid and blood glucose levels were individually correlated with a decline in retinal function, the combination of both exacerbated retinal dysfunction. This model of combined hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia can be used to dissect individual contributions of features of the metabolic syndrome to the pathogenesis of retinal dysfunction in diabetes.
Capturing functional connectomics using Riemannian partial least squares
Authors: Ryan Matthew , Glonek Gary , Tuke Jono , Humphries Melissa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFor neurological disorders and diseases, functional and anatomical connectomes of the human brain can be used to better inform targeted interventions and treatment strategies. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that captures spatio-temporal brain function through change in blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals over time. FMRI can be used to study the functional connectome through the functional connectivity matrix; that is, Pearson’s correlation matrix between time series from the regions of interest of an fMRI image. One approach to analysing functional connectivity is using partial least squares (PLS), a multivariate regression technique designed for high-dimensional predictor data. However, analysing functional connectivity with PLS ignores a key property of the functional connectivity matrix; namely, these matrices are positive definite. To account for this, we introduce a generalisation of PLS to Riemannian manifolds, called R-PLS, and apply it to symmetric positive definite matrices with the affine invariant geometry. We apply R-PLS to two functional imaging datasets: COBRE, which investigates functional differences between schizophrenic patients and healthy controls, and; ABIDE, which compares people with autism spectrum disorder and neurotypical controls. Using the variable importance in the projection statistic on the results of R-PLS, we identify key functional connections in each dataset that are well represented in the literature. Given the generality of R-PLS, this method has the potential to investigate new functional connectomes in the brain, and with future application to structural data can open up further avenues of research in multi-modal imaging analysis.
Electrochemically grown Fe2O3/Fe3O4 heterostructure nanotubes with In2O3 induced tandem internal electric fields for enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Yan Xiaohui , Li Gang , Shen Kai , Wang Congwei , Wang Kaiying 
Published: October 2023

The tandem internal electric field constructed by nanotubular Fe2O3/Fe3O4/In2O3 heterojunction leads to effective carrier separation and redistribution, via which the OER activation barrier could be optimized with enhanced PEC performance.
Recent applications in dielectric barrier discharge and radio frequency plasmas‐engineered transition metal electrocatalysts for water splitting
Authors: Chen Guangliang , He Bin , Wang Yuxin , He Pengchen , Dou Liguang , Zhou Renwu , Chen Dongliang , Shao Tao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHydrogen generated by water electrolysis is considered as one of the most promising protocols to partly replace the roles of traditional fossil fuels. However, high‐performance electrocatalyst satisfied with the industrial requirement still faces significant challenges. Low‐temperature plasma contains numerous high‐energy ions, electrons and other reactive species, which can provide a highly reactive environment for tuning the physio‐chemical structures of catalysts through plasma milling, etching, doping and/or deposition. It is well‐known that high‐temperature micro‐filaments contained in plasmas can cause some special modifications of the catalyst surface, thus effectively adjusting the physio‐chemical structure of latterly engineered compounds. Therefore, low‐temperature plasma technologies, especially the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and radio frequency (RF) plasmas, can be considered as a green and sustainable strategy for engineering high‐performance electrocatalysts for water splitting (hydrogen evolution reaction [HER]; oxygen evolution reaction [OER]). Herein, recent progress of DBD and RF plasmas for fabricating and modifying transition metal‐based electrocatalysts (e.g. sulphide, phosphide, selenide, oxide, hydroxide) for hydrogen evolution reaction or OER is comprehensively reviewed, and the role of plasma is also discussed.
Intelligent monitoring of EHV transformer bushing based on multi‐parameter composite sensing technology
Authors: Zhang Lu , Sun Lei , Wang Wensen , Han Yanhua , Pu Lu , Wu Jingfeng , Wu Hao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn order to monitor the state of bushing online, an intelligent monitoring system for transformer bushing was developed. A four‐in‐one sensor integrating hydrogen sensing technology using palladium nickel alloy, pressure sensing technology, wide range temperature sensing, and micro water measurement technology was developed. A three‐in‐one integrated sensor based on micro current detection technology was developed to realize online monitoring of bushing dielectric loss, capacitance, and partial discharge. The test results show the hydrogen measurement range of sensor is 0 to 10,000 μL/L, and the measurement uncertainty is lower than 10% or 10 μL/L. The pressure measurement range is 0 to 1.0 MPa, and the uncertainty is lower than 0.3%. The temperature measurement range is −40°C to 85°C, and the uncertainty is lower than ± 1°C. The micro water measurement range is 0 to 1000 μL/L, and the measurement uncertainty is lower than ± 5% or 10 μL/L. The dielectric loss and capacitance error increased by one order of magnitude compared to current standards. The resolution of partial discharge is 5 pC. The performance of the device fully satisfies the requirements for online monitoring of transformer bushing. It has been installed in dozens of 330 and 750 kV substations, providing a reliable guarantee for safe operation of transformer bushing.
Antikörpertestung in der Nierentransplantation
Authors: Dick Andrea , Kugyelka Reka , Humpe Andreas , Kauke Teresa 
Published: October 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas HLA-System (HLA: humane Leukozytenantigene) spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei der Transplantation (Tx) der Niere. Daher ist der Nachweis von HLA-Antikörpern vor und nach der Tx entscheidend für die Betreuung des Patienten, wobei verschiedene Verfahren eingesetzt werden. Der Nachweis von donorspezifischen HLA-Antikörpern (DSA) ist gemäß Banff-Klassifikation 1 ein wichtiges Kriterium für die Diagnostik der antikörpervermittelten Abstoßung (ABMR: „antibody-mediated rejection“). Die Untersuchung auf präformierte sowie auf de novo DSA zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten nach der Tx kann helfen, das individuelle Risiko für eine ABMR zu beurteilen.
Ultrasound Imaging of the Sciatic Nerve
Authors: Cocco Giulio , Ricci Vincenzo , Corvino Antonio , Pacini Patrizia , Boccatonda Andrea , Naňka Ondřej , Sensi Stefano L. , Caulo Massimo , Delli Pizzi Andrea 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe sciatic nerve (SN) is the biggest nerve in the human body and innervates a large skin surface of the lower limb and several muscles of the thigh, leg, and foot. It originates from the ventral rami of spinal nerves L4 through S3 and contains fibers from both the posterior and anterior divisions of the lumbosacral plexus. After leaving the neural foramina, the nerve roots merge with each other forming a single peripheral nerve that travels within the pelvis and thigh. Non-discogenic pathologies of the SN are largely underdiagnosed entities due to nonspecific clinical tests and poorly described imaging findings. Likewise, to the best of our knowledge, a step-by-step ultrasound protocol to assess the SN is lacking in the pertinent literature. In this sense, the aim of the present manuscript is to describe the normal sono-anatomy of the SN from the greater sciatic foramen to the proximal thigh proposing a standardized and simple sonographic protocol. Then, based on the clinical experience of the authors, a few tips and tricks have been reported to avoid misinterpretation of confounding sonographic findings. Last but not least, we report some common pathological conditions encountered in daily practice with the main purpose of making physicians more confident regarding the sonographic “navigation” of a complex anatomical site and optimizing the diagnosis and management of non-discogenic neuropathies of the SN.
Akuttherapie der Lungenembolie und die Rolle der „Pulmonary Embolism Response Teams“ (PERT)
Authors: Sinning Jan-Malte , Pfeiffer Mareike 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDie akute Lungenarterienembolie (LAE) stellt weiterhin die dritthäufigste kardiovaskuläre Todesursache dar und weist eine weltweit steigende Inzidenz auf. Sich kontinuierlich neu
entwickelnde, vornehmlich katheterbasierte Therapieoptionen gepaart mit einem Mangel an Daten aus klinischen randomisierten Studien führen aktuell zu einer Herausforderung für alle an der
Therapieentscheidung der akuten LAE beteiligten, klinisch tätigen Ärzte, insbesondere bezogen auf die „Intermediär-hoch“-Risikogruppe.Um diesem Umstand Rechnung zu tragen und mit dem Ziel, durch individuellere Therapieentscheidungen die Letalität der LAE-Patienten zu senken, wurden in den letzten Jahren vor allem in den
USA interdisziplinäre „Pulmonary Embolism Response Teams“ (PERT) gegründet. In diesem Artikel wird neben einer Zusammenfassung der in den aktuellen ESC-Leitlinien von 2019 aufgeführten
Risikostratifizierung und Therapieempfehlungen auch auf den Einfluss der PERT auf das Management und das Outcome der akuten LAE eingegangen und offene Fragen werden adressiert.
Frauenmilchbanken: Organisatorische Hürden auf dem Weg zur
natürlichen Nahrung
Authors: Singer Dominique 
Published: October 2023

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,dass Neugeborene – zumal die kleinsten und unreifsten – mit
Muttermilch oder ersatzweise mit gespendeter Frauenmilch ernährt werden
sollten, erscheint heute nicht nur „selbsterklärend“,
sondern wird auch zunehmend durch wissenschaftliche Evidenz untermauert. Doch obwohl
die gleiche Erkenntnis schon 100 Jahre zuvor Kinderleben gerettet hatte, war die
Frauenmilchernährung zeitweilig „aus der Mode“ geraten bzw.
als entbehrlich betrachtet worden 1. Dies
erforderte nun einen Neuaufbau des Frauenmilchbankwesens in (West-)Deutschland, von
dem eine Übersicht in dieser Ausgabe der Zeitschrift für
Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie (ZGN) handelt. Die darin geschilderten
„Betreibermodelle“ spiegeln letztlich auch den Erfindungsreichtum
wieder, mit dem engagierte Teams – oft ohne nennenswerte
Unterstützung von außen – allerlei Hindernisse
überwunden haben, um „ihren“ Frühgeborenen anbieten
zu können, was eigentlich naturgegeben ist. Die Vielfalt der
Lösungen hat inzwischen ein Regelungsbedürfnis auf den Plan gerufen,
von dem zu hoffen ist, dass es den Milchbanken mehr ökonomische Akzeptanz
und nicht weitere administrative Hürden bescheren wird.
Chest Pain Unit: aktueller Stand und Entwicklungen
Authors: Buerke Michael , Janusch Matthias , Dimitrov Stefan , Böttger Priyanka , Lemm Henning 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungThorakale Schmerzen sind eine der häufigsten Ursachen für die Vorstellung von Patienten beim Notdienst und in der zentralen Notaufnahme. Bei kardialen Ursachen müssen die Patienten häufig
stationär aufgenommen werden. In der kardiovaskulären Notfallmedizin ist es wichtig, dass der Notfallmediziner Patienten entsprechend einordnet und das Risikoprofil der Patienten erfasst, da
ca. 10–30% der Fälle mit thorakalen Beschwerden ein akutes Koronarsyndrom (ACS) haben. Das Elektrokardiogramm und die Werte des hochsensitiven (hs) Troponins bei Aufnahme und im Verlauf nach
1 h und/oder 2 h sind für die Diagnose eines Myokardinfarkts zwingend erforderlich. Dies kann in Chest Pain Units (CPU), in der Notaufnahme oder separat standardisiert durchgeführt werden.
Bei konventioneller Versorgung (ohne CPU-SOP) besteht ein nicht zu vernachlässigendes Risiko, dass 2–10% der Anginapatienten mit (sub-)akutem Myokardinfarkt fälschlicherweise nach Hause
entlassen werden. Diese unzureichende Versorgung der ACS-Patienten geht mit langfristig erhöhten Kosten und dem Risiko einer Klage wegen fahrlässiger medizinischer Behandlung einher. Die
Chest Pain Units (CPU) wurden vor ca. 2 Jahrzehnten in der Notfallversorgung in Deutschland eingeführt. Ziel war es, die Versorgung der Patienten zu verbessern, bei den Ärzten mehr
Aufmerksamkeit zu erreichen, die Anzahl unnötiger Aufnahmen und Eingriffe zu reduzieren und dadurch die entstehenden Kosten zu senken. Dieses Ziel wird durch die Verwendung von
Diagnoseprotokollen, Zeitvorgaben zur Versorgung, standardisierte Abläufe auch für Patienten mit thorakalen Beschwerden und anderen Diagnosen, vereinheitlichte Therapien und qualifizierte
CPU-Mitarbeitern realisiert.
From cooperation to confrontation: US-Russia relations since 9/11
Authors: German Tracey 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRelations between the US and Russia during the George W. Bush era were marked by a dramatic shift from cooperation to confrontation. Russia’s unequivocal support for the US-led War on Terror in the wake of the 9/11 attacks in 2001 gave way to a sustained rise in anti-Western sentiment in the Russian political narrative. This article analyses US-Russia relations during the presidency of George W. Bush through the lens of great power relations and status. It explores the distinctive aspects of the Bush administration’s foreign policy approach and how they impacted the US-Russia relationship: notably increasing US unilateralism and its apparent rejection of multilateralism, liberal interventionism and the pursuit of democracy promotion around the world. These continue to shape the Russian view of the US, its intentions and attitude towards international order.