bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In the Elderly, Interleukin-6 Plasma Levels and the −174G>C Polymorphism Are Associated With the Development of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Jenny Nancy S. , Tracy Russell P. , Ogg Malcolm S. , Luong Le Ahn , Kuller Lewis H. , Arnold Alice M. , Sharrett A. Richey , Humphries Steve E. 
Published: December 2002

Objective—Interleukin (IL)-6–mediated inflammation is involved in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We assessed IL-6 levels and the −174G>C genotype in a case-control study of men and women (average age 73 years) within the Cardiovascular Health Study.Methods and Results—Cases included incident angina, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke (5-year follow-up), prevalent MI, and MRI-detectable infarcts. A control group and a group free of subclinical CVD were used for comparison. The −174C allele was associated with higher C-reactive protein (11% higher,P=0.02), fibrinogen (3% higher,P=0.02), and IL-6 (5% higher;P=0.16). IL-6 was associated with increased atherosclerosis when the control group was compared with the group free of subclinical CVD. No further association with CVD events was found when case groups were compared with the control group. Compared with its absence, presence of the −174C allele was associated with risk of MRI infarcts (odds ratio 1.5).Conclusions—IL-6 levels differentiated those with subclinical CVD from those without. Although the −174C allele was not associated with incident events, associations of the genotype with inflammation and MRI infarcts, combined with the plasma IL-6 results, suggest that IL-6 may chronically predispose an individual to develop atherosclerosis.
α5β1 integrin mediates strong tissue cohesion
Authors: Robinson Elizabeth E. , Zazzali Kathleen M. , Corbett Siobhan A. , Foty Ramsey A. 
Published: December 2002

Integrins and cadherins are considered to have distinct and opposing functions. Integrins are traditionally cited for their role in cell-substratum interactions, whereas cadherins are thought to mediate strong intercellular cohesion. Together, these adhesion systems play crucial roles in a wide variety of cellular and developmental processes including cell migration, morphology, differentiation and proliferation. In this manuscript we present evidence that integrins possess the ability to mediate strong intercellular cohesion when cells are grown as 3D aggregates.Much of the data elucidating the role of integrins as mediators of cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions have been generated using conventional cell culture techniques in which cells are plated onto ECM-coated 2D surfaces. In vivo, cells are embedded in a 3D meshwork of ECM proteins. We hypothesized that, within this meshwork, integrin-ECM interactions may impart cohesivity to an aggregate of cells by linking adjacent cells together. To test this hypothesis, we transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-B2) cells to express α5β1 integrin and found that these cells formed compact, spherical aggregates. We measured aggregate cohesivity using tissue surface tensiometry, a novel technique that quantifies cell-cell cohesivity of spheroids under physiological conditions. We determined that α5β1 integrin is capable of conferring strong cohesivity (σ=8.22±0.68 dynes/cm) to aggregates of α5-integrin-transfected cells. This cohesion was found to be independent of cadherin expression and was significantly greater than the cohesivity conferred onto CHO-B2 cells transfected with N-cadherin (σ=3.14±0.20 dynes/cm, P≤0.0001), a more traditional cell-cell cohesion system.Fibronectin-null CHO cells that express α5β1 integrin but do not secrete endogenous fibronectin do not form aggregates in fibronectin-depleted medium. Addition of increasing amounts of exogenous dimeric fibronectin to these cells resulted in a dose-dependent compaction. However, compaction failed to occur in the presence of fibronectin monomers. These data indicate that fibronectin is required for α5β1-mediated compaction and that the dimeric structure of fibronectin is essential for this process. Additionally, aggregate formation of the α5 integrin transfectants was inhibited by an RGD peptide thus confirming α5β1 integrin specificity. Collectively, these data confirm our hypothesis that α5β1 integrin acts through fibronectin to link adjacent cells together, thus promoting strong intercellular cohesion in 3D cellular aggregates.
Isotope Effects of Water Molecules on the Hydration of Alkali Metal and Halide Ions
Authors: Kakiuchi Masahisa 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Based on the results of hydrogen isotope fractionation in aqueous alkali halide solutions at 25 °C, reported in previous papers, the hydrogen isotope effect between water molecules hydrated to a cation or an anion and bulk water molecules is estimated with the assumption that the equilibrium constant of the hydrogen isotope exchange reaction between the hydration water of sodium ion and bulk water is unity. The orders of the hydrogen isotope effects of alkali metal cations and halide anions are found to be Cs+ &gt; K+ &gt; Na+ &gt; Li+, and I− &gt; Br− &gt; Cl− for a constant hydration number, respectively, and the hydrogen isotope effect is mainly influenced in anions rather than in cations. The oxygen isotope effect for alkali and halide ions is evaluated from the literature. The hydrogen and oxygen isotopic effects for the cations and anions show the same trend, but the magnitude of the hydrogen isotope effect for anions is significantly larger than that of the oxygen isotope effect.
The free energy of transfer of alkali metal and halide ions from H2O to HDO is calculated from the hydrogen isotope effect for the individual ions. The calculated values are compared with the free energy of transfer from H2O to D2O obtained by electromotive force measurements, and are compared with the free energy of transfer from H216O to H218O calculated from the oxygen isotope effect.
Thermodynamic Parameters for the Complexation of the Pyridinio Derivatives of Cyclodextrins with Some Inorganic Anions in D2O Solution
Authors: Yamamoto Tatsuyuki , Nagata Takuya , Ohtsuki Hideki , Ono Masaharu , Matsui Yoshihisa 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Substitution of the pyridinio groups for the C(6)-OH’s of cyclodextrins (CD’s) brought about a remarkable increase in the binding constants (Ka) for 1 : 1 complexes of CD’s with inorganic anions, such as I−, SCN−, and ClO4−. The thermodynamic parameters for the complexation of native α-CD and its pyridinio derivatives showed that the increase in Ka is mainly driven by an enthalpy term (ΔH), and that the contribution of an entropy term (TΔS) is minor. In contrast, the increase in Ka is mainly driven by TΔS, and the contribution of ΔH is minor, for the systems of β- and γ-CD’s with the larger interior cavities. These results were explained in terms of the combined action of van der Waals and electrostatic interactions between the CD’s and anions, together with desolvation upon complexation.
Formation of Electronically Excited Fragments Resulting from Collisions of He(23S) Atoms with CCl4 and Related Chloromethanes
Authors: Tokue Ikuo , Kobayashi Masaaki , Kudo Takeyuki , Yamasaki Katsuyoshi 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
The photoemissions from fragments produced by collisions of He(23S) atoms with CHCl3, CCl2F2, CCl3F, CCl4, and CBrCl3 have been studied in the collision energy range of 120–210 meV using a crossed beam. The Cl2(D′–A′) band is predominant for CCl4 and CBrCl3, while the A–X and B–X bands of CF are intense for CCl2F2 and CCl3F. The sum of the emission cross sections (σem) for several systems of neutral fragments in the 190–600 nm region was estimated to be in the (0.3–1.2) × 10−20 m2 range for these chloromethanes at a collision energy of 150 meV. The dependences of σem’s for the Cl2(D′–A′) band from CHCl3 and CCl4 on the collision energy are either nearly zero or slightly negative. The sum of σem’s for Cl2 and other ion-pair bands reveals a fairly good correlation with the electron affinity of the targets. These results support the harpoon mechanism for the formation of Cl2(D′) from the He(23S) + chloromethanes reactions.
Multielement Determination and Distributions of Major-to-Ultratrace Elements in Industrial Waste Incineration Bottom Ash as Studied by ICP-AES and ICP-MS
Authors: Fujimori Eiji , Ichikawa Kenji , Shiozawa Ryuji , Asai Katsuichi , Chiba Koichi , Haraguchi Hiroki 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
The multielement determination of major-to-ultratrace elements in industrial waste incineration bottom ash was carried out by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after alkali fusion using LiBO2. The concentrations of 50 elements in bottom ash could be determined over the concentration range from 192 mg g−1 of Si to 0.072 μg g−1 of In. Silicon, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, and Ti, which except for Fe are lithophile elements, were major elements of industrial waste incineration bottom ash. The distributions of major-to-ultratrace elements in incineration bottom ash were evaluated by the enrichment factors. The enrichment factors of major elements in incineration bottom ash indicated that their relative contents were quite similar to those in the continental crust. It was also found that most minor and trace elements in the lithophile element group provided almost the same enrichment factors as those of major elements. On the other hand, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in the chalcophile element group as well as some of the siderophile ones, such as Co and Ni, provided the significantly larger enrichment factors, although they were more enriched in fly ash than in bottom ash. Such large abundances of many transition elements in industrial waste incineration ashes may reflect the large amounts of metal use in industry as well as in modern society.
Further Investigation on Preparation, Structure and Electrochemical Properties of N-Alkyl- and N-Aryl-2-aza-[3]-ferrocenophanes
Authors: Sakano Tatsuaki , Horie Masaki , Osakada Kohtaro , Nakao Hidenobu 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
The reactions of 1,1′-bis(hydroxymethyl)ferrocene with primary amines such as 6-aminohexanol, cyclohexylamine, 4-phenylbutylamine, 2-isopropylaniline, 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylamine, and 1-aminomethylferrocene in the presence of [RuCl2(PPh3)3] catalyst led to intermolecular condensation of the CH2OH and NH2 groups to afford N-alkyl- or N-aryl substituted 2-aza-[3]-(1,1′)-ferrocenophanes. Cyclic voltammograms of the obtained N-alkyl-2-aza-[3]-(1,1′)-ferrocenophanes exhibit reversible redox of the Fe center at E1/2 = −0.01 – +0.04 V (vs Ag+/Ag) and subsequent irreversible oxidation of the amino group of the ligand at Eox = 0.41–0.44 V. N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-aza-[3]-(1,1′)-ferrocenophane shows two pairs of reversible electrochemical oxidation and reduction at E1/2 = 0.04 and 0.44 V. The latter potential is significantly lower than the corresponding electrochemical oxidation of N-aryl-2-aza-[3]-(1,1′)-ferrocenophanes (0.68–0.75 V). The N-alkyl-2-aza-[3]-(1,1′)-ferrocenophanes react with MeI to cause methylation of the amino group to produce cationic 2-aza-[3]-(1,1′)-ferrocenophanes containing a quaternary nitrogen center. The iodo counter anion is easily replaced with BF4− or PF6−. Cyclic voltammograms of the cationic ferrocenophanes show the redox between ferrocene and ferrocenium at E1/2 = 0.37–0.42 V.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of Copper(I) Iodide Complexes with Nitronyl Nitroxide-Substituted Pyridine
Authors: Zhang Deqing , Ding Liang , Xu Wei , Yang Junling , Jin Xianglin , Zhu Daoben 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Two new copper(I) iodide coordination compounds [Cu2I2(p-PYNN)4] (1) and [Cu4I4(m-PYNN)4] (2), where p-PYNN and m-PYNN are 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-pyridyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-oxy-3-oxide and 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(3-pyridyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-oxyl-3-oxide, respectively, were synthesized and characterized. They both were found to be fluorescent. Their crystal structures were determined: 1, triclinic, space group P1-, a = 13.668(3) Å, b = 14.280(3) Å, c = 7.273(1) Å, α = 90.18(3)°, β = 101.86(3)°, γ = 91.09(3)°, Z = 1, R = 0.0310 (Rw = 0.0805) for 4217 observed reflections with I ≥ 2σ(I); 2, triclinic, space group P1-, a = 15.569(9) Å, b = 16.247(7) Å, c = 15.103(9) Å, α = 94.48(5)°, β = 116.15(5)°, γ = 83.07(5)°, Z = 2, R = 0.0686 (Rw = 0.1933) for 8311 observed reflections with I ≥ 2σ(I). Magnetic studies indicated that 1 showed ferromagnetic behavior, while 2 displayed antiferromagnetic properties. Discussions about the relationship between their crystal structures and magnetic properties are also presented.
Photoreduction of a Self-Assembled (Lipidporphyrinato)iron(III) Complex in Saline by LMCT Excitation: Co-Aggregated Hyaluronic Acid Allows an Irreversible Electron Transfer
Authors: Yanagimoto Tetsuya , Nakagawa Akito , Komatsu Teruyuki , Tsuchida Eishun 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
An amphiphilic (tetraphenylporphyrinato)iron(III) derivative with four alkylphosphocholine groups and a proximal imidazole [(lipidporphyrinato)iron(III); 1a] was self-assembled in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.3, [NaCl] = 0.15 M) to form spherical micelles with a diameter of 10 nm. The obtained solution showed a distinct absorption band at 362 nm, which was assigned to the ligand-to-metal [Cl− to iron(III)] charge transfer (LMCT) transition. Light irradiation into this CT band under an Ar atmosphere did not induce any changes in the UV-vis absorption spectrum. On the other hand, the addition of glucose (150 mM) to the solution led to complete photoreduction of the central iron(III) ion, giving a five-N-coordinated high-spin iron(II) complex. It has also been found that a small excess amount of hyaluronic acid ([units] = 100 µM) showed the same effect. The photoreduction was only seen by LMCT irradiation in the presence of the saccharide. It probably occurred via intramolecular electron transfer from Cl− to iron(III), and the produced chlorine radical was scavenged by the saccharide, which prevented a back electron transfer reaction (the quantum yields; ca. 0.007). Interestingly, hyaluronic acid changed the morphology of the 1a assembly from the micelle to a thin fiber. This co-aggregated structure with hyaluronic acid would be responsible for the effective photoreduction of 1a. The viscosity of the fiber solution significantly decreased during the photoreduction, which suggests that radical trapping induces depolymerization of the hyaluronic acid. Laser flash photolysis experiments showed that the reduction and the imidazole association to the iron(II) center are completed within 50 ns after a laser pulse. The photoreduced (lipidporphyrinato)iron(II) fibers can reversibly bind and release O2 similar to the same fibers which were prepared by chemical reduction using ascorbic acid.
Control of the Association of Indolylfulgimide with Bis(acylamino)pyridine by Photochromism
Authors: Okuyama Tomoyuki , Yokoyama Yayoi , Yokoyama Yasushi 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
While the association constant of the colored form of a thermally irreversible photochromic indolylfulgimide with 2, 6-bis (octanoylamino)pyridine in toluene at 21 °C was 156 ± 11 mol−1 dm3 through triplex hydrogen bonding, that of its colorless form, generated by visible-light irradiation, was increased to 885 ± 63 mol−1 dm3. This result was supported by PM3 semiempirical molecular–orbital calculations that the difference of the association constants between the C-form and the E-form was mainly due to differences in the structures and conformations of the imide moiety.
Synthesis of [3H]-Labeled Bioactive Lipid A Analogs and Their Use for Detection of Lipid A-Binding Proteins on Murine Macrophages
Authors: Fukase Koichi , Kirikae Teruo , Kirikae Fumiko , Liu Wen-Chi , Oikawa Masato , Suda Yasuo , Kurosawa Motohiro , Fukase Yoshiyuki , Yoshizaki Hiroaki , Kusumoto Shoichi 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Both endotoxic and antagonistic [3H]-labeled 2-(phosphonooxy)ethyl (PE) analogs of lipid A were synthesized with high purity and high specific radioactivity. Lipid A-binding proteins were detected by using the endotoxic analog of hexaacyl Escherichia coli-type designated [3H] PE-506. The plasma membrane fractions from peritoneal macrophages derived from LPS-responder C3H/HeN mice and LPS-hyporesponder C3H/HeJ mice were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes. The membranes were then incubated with the [3H] PE-506. Several [3H] PE-506 binding proteins were detected in both C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ macrophages. Unlabeled hexaacyl lipid A inhibited the interaction between [3H] PE-506 and these proteins. The result suggests that there exist multiple binding sites for lipid A on macrophages. LPS-induced change in the profile of the cell surface lipid A binding proteins was observed in C3H/HeN macrophages, but not in C3H/HeJ macrophages, by preincubation of macrophages with LPS.
Synthesis of New Chiral Dopants Derived from 2-Phenylpropanoic Acid Derivatives for Nematic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Aoki Yoshio , Shitara Hiroaki , Hirose Takuji , Nohira Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
New chiral dopants for nematic liquid crystals were synthesized using optically active 2-phenylpropanoic acid derivatives. The magnitude of the helical twisting power (HTP) was largely influenced by the terminal group of the asymmetric frame and the core structures. (S)-1-[4-(trans-4-Butylcyclohexyl)phenyl]-2-phenylpropane-1-one showed a large HTP value (20.4 µm−1). The relationship between the HTP and the molecular structures of the chiral dopants is discussed.
Metallaphosphorane Chemistry: Preparations, Structures, and Reactivities
Authors: Nakazawa Hiroshi , Kubo Kazuyuki , Miyoshi Katsuhiko 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Transition-metal phosphorane complexes, [Cp(CO)2M{P(OC6H4Y)2}] (M = Fe, Ru; Y = NH, NMe, O) have been prepared from [Cp(CO)2M{P(OPh)3}]PF6, o-HOC6H4YH, and a Lewis base. With the use of Et4NF in place of o-HOC6H4YH, [Cp(CO)2Fe(PF4)] and [Cp(CO)2Fe{P(OPh)F3}] have been prepared. These reactions involve nucleophilic attacks of an organic or an inorganic nucleophile at a trivalent phosphorus coordinated to a transition metal and substitution on the phosphorus. The reaction of phosphorane HP(OC6H4NH)2 with a Lewis base leads to NH proton abstraction to give the amide HP(OC6H4NH)(OC6H4N−) Subsequent treatment of the anion with EX (MeI, [Cp(CO)2FeCl]) has yielded P-substituted phosphorane EP(OC6H4NH)2 whereas that with E′X (SiMe3Cl, GeMe3Cl, SnMe3Cl, [Cp(CO)CoI2]) has yielded N-substituted phosphorane HP(OC6H4NH)(OC6H4NE′) X-ray structure analyses and spectroscopic data for these metallaphosphoranes reveal that the transition metal fragment serves as a strong π donor toward a phosphorane fragment. The activation parameters for Berry pseudorotation around the phosphorus in several metallaphosphoranes have been determined. The reactivity of metallaphosphoranes was also examined. The iron and ruthenium phosphoranes react with a Lewis base to give Li[{η5-C5H4P(OC6H4Y)2}(CO)2M] In this reaction, one of the protons on the Cp ring is abstracted by the Lewis base and then migration of the phosphorane fragment to the Cp ring takes place. This constitutes the first reported migration of a hypervalent element fragment.
Aromatic Character of Large Deltahedral Borane Dianions As Estimated Using the Kettle–Tomlinson Bonding Model
Authors: Aihara Jun-ichi 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Lipscomb et al. designed the low-energy deltahedral isomers of borane dianions BnHn2− for n ranging from 13 to 24. We evaluated the topological resonance energies (TREs) of these dianions by applying the Kettle–Tomlinson (KT) bonding model to them. It was then found that except for B18H182− (D6d) the TRE per BH unit is highly correlative with the PRDDO binding energy per BH unit. This indicates that the thermodynamic stability of deltahedral borane dianions is determined primarily by aromaticity. B18H182− (D6d) has a very small TRE per BH unit, strongly reflecting its small HOMO–LUMO energy separation. Thus, the KT model is useful for describing electronic characteristics of large deltahedral borane dianions.
Preparation, Crystal Structures and Spectroscopic Properties of a Series of Cobalt(III) Phosphine Complexes: trans- and cis-[Co(dtc)2(PMe3−nPhn)2]+ (dtc = N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamate; n = 0, 1, 2 or 3)
Authors: Suzuki Takayoshi , Kashiwamura Shinsaku , Kashiwabara Kazuo 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
A series of new cobalt(III) phosphine complexes of trans-[Co(dtc)2(PMe3−nPhn)2]BF4 (dtc = N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate; n = 0, 1, 2 or 3) and cis-[Co(dtc)2(PMe3 or PMe2Ph)2](BF4 or PF6) have been prepared and their crystal structures and spectroscopic properties have been investigated. It is found that the Co–S bond lengths vary with steric and electronic factors of the P-ligands; i.e. (1) the intramolecular π–π stacking interaction between the dtc plane and the phenyl ring of the P-ligand, and (2) the electronic trans influence of the trans-positioned P-ligand. The strength of electronic trans influence decreases as PMe3 &gt; PMe2Ph &gt; P(OCH2)3CEt in accordance with the order of σ-donicity strengths. In the series of trans-isomers, the electronic trans influence is competitive with the steric requirement of the phosphine to elongate the mutually trans Co–P bonds. The steric trans influence via the equatorial dtc ligands for such an elongation of the Co–P bonds seems to be negligible, which is in sharp contrast to the situation for via pentane-2,4-dionate (acac) ligands in the analogous complexes, trans-[Co(acac)2(PMe3−nPhn)2]PF6. This is probably due to the compactness of dtc and the resulting open space at the Co atom. The fact that the Co–P bond lengths in the dtc complexes are shorter than those in the acac complexes is reflected in the larger stability toward hydrolysis of the dtc complexes. In the UV-vis absorption spectra, the degenerate splitting component (a1Eg) of the first d–d transition band of trans-[Co(dtc)2(PMe3−nPhn)2]+ is observed at almost the same position (within 300 cm−1) as that of the corresponding acac complexes, while the transition energies of the P-to-Co LMCT of these two series of complexes are rather different (at least 2700 cm−1) from each other. Furthermore, the first and the second d–d transition bands of cis-[Co(dtc)2(PMe3 or PMe2Ph)2]+ are observed at lower energy than those of cis-[Co(dtc)2{P(OMe)3}2]+ in spite of a weaker σ-donor of phosphite. The separation of the first and the second d–d transition bands of the P(OMe)3 complex is remarkably smaller than the separation of the bands of the PMe3 one, being indicative of a further reduction of the interelectronic repulsion in the P(OMe)3 complex.
N,N-Dimethylindoaniline Mediated-Amperometric Detection of l-lactate
Authors: Hirano Keisuke , Yamato Hitoshi , Kunimoto Kazuhiko , Ohwa Masaki 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
It was found that N,N-dimethylindoaniline works as an excellent electron-transfer mediator for lactate oxidase. The second-order rate constant (kmed) with lactate oxidase in solution was much higher than that of other typical mediators, such as ferrocene and potassium hexacyanoferrate(II). An enzyme electrode using this compound as a mediator showed a larger response current and a higher sensitivity to lactate than a Pt-based H2O2 detecting lactate sensor. This sensor demonstrated a clear independence on the oxygen concentration in a buffer and a quite low interference current by ascorbic acid, etc. A H2O2 detecting sensor was strongly interfered by acetaminophen and uric acid, while a mediator based sensor was slightly influenced by uric acid. This sensor also showed good durability, which retained more than 90% of the initial activity until day 11.