bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sonographic protocol for the emergent evaluation of aortic dissections (SPEED protocol): A multicenter, prospective, observational study
Authors: Gibbons Ryan C. , Smith Dylan , Feig Rivka , Mulflur Molly , Costantino Thomas G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesAn aortic dissection (AoD) is a potentially life‐threatening emergency with mortality rates exceeding 50%. While computed tomography angiography remains the diagnostic standard, patients may be too unstable to leave the emergency department. Investigators developed a point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) protocol combining transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and the abdominal aorta. The study objective was to determine the test characteristics of this protocol.MethodsThis was an institutional review board–approved, multicenter, prospective, observational, cohort study of a convenience sample of adult patients. Patients suspected of having an AoD received a TTE and abdominal aorta POCUS. Three sonographic signs suggested AoD: a pericardial effusion, an intimal flap, or an aortic outflow track diameter measuring more than 35 mm. Investigators present continuous and categorical data as medians with interquartile ranges or proportions with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and utilized standard 2 × 2 tables on MedCalc (Version 19.1.6) to calculate test characteristics with 95% CI.ResultsInvestigators performed 1314 POCUS examinations, diagnosing 21 Stanford type A and 23 Stanford type B AoD. Forty‐one of the 44 cases had at least one of the aforementioned sonographic findings. The protocol has a sensitivity of 93.2% (95% CI 81.3–98.6), specificity of 90.9 (95% CI 89.2–92.5), positive and negative predictive values of 26.3% (95% CI 19.6–33.9) and 99.7% (95% CI 99.2–100), respectively, and an accuracy of 91% (95% CI 89.3–92.5).ConclusionsThe SPEED protocol has an overall sensitivity of 93.2% for AoD.
Factors influencing older adults' participation in telehealth interventions for primary prevention and health promotion: A rapid review
Authors: Turcotte Samuel , Bouchard Camille , Rousseau Jacqueline , DeBroux Leduc Roxane , Bier Nathalie , Kairy Dahlia , Dang‐Vu Thien Thanh , Sarimanukoglu Kami , Dubé François , Bourgeois Racine Chanaelle , Rioux Camille , Shea Carolann , Filiatrault Johanne 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo identify facilitators and barriers to older adults' participation in telehealth interventions for primary prevention and health promotion.MethodsRelevant articles were searched using keywords in Embase and MEDLINE. Study characteristics, type of telehealth interventions and technology involved, as well as facilitators and barriers to their use, were extracted from selected articles. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) model was used to organise data.ResultsA total of 24 articles (pertaining to 20 studies) were included. Nine facilitators and 11 barriers influencing the participation in telehealth interventions for primary prevention and health promotion among older adults were identified. The most recurrent facilitators were related to the individual's performance expectancy and effort expectancy, as well as the presence of a social dimension associated with the intervention (i.e. having a good relationship with the other participants in the program). The two most prevalent barriers were also related to effort expectancy and performance expectancy, followed by barriers related to the inherent characteristics of the technology and older adults' health condition. Experience, age and gender were also found to moderate technology use and acceptance.ConclusionsThis rapid review highlights the importance of adopting a holistic perspective when designing telehealth interventions aimed at preventive and health promotion purposes among older adults.
Nurse escorts' perceptions of nurse‐led inter‐hospital ambulance transfer in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia: A descriptive survey study
Authors: Mndebele Sinqobizitha (Sinq) , Russell Kylie P. , Coventry Tracey H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe Western Australia (WA) Country Health Service (WACHS) requires the ward or emergency department (ED) registered nurse (RN) to assume the responsibility of conducting nurse‐led interhospital patient road ambulance transfers, in the absence of an available registered paramedic (RP). The generalist nurse escort with no specialised training is allocated to the patient transport from their rostered shifts when the need arises, and, in some instances, this nurse may not have been in an ambulance before. Patients requiring transfer are usually prioritised over hospital patient care because of the life‐threatening nature of these situations and the urgency to get them to tertiary care facilities. This study explored nurses’ perceptions about caring for a patient during road ambulance transfer, with an aim of supporting future policy formulation and decision‐making to guide nurses’ training, induction and ongoing education on interhospital transfers.ObjectiveTo examine the perceptions of hospital‐employed registered nurses caring for a patient during road ambulance transfer from rural Western Australia.DesignA descriptive survey design included 23 questions to clarify the level of experience and training, the prevalence of clinical deterioration and the confidence to manage patient care.FindingsFindings from the surveys indicated that nurses often felt overwhelmed by the responsibility of the patient transfer, unclear guidelines, limited preparation and handover, lack of orientation to the ambulance environment, difficulty escalating care during transfer and no insight into the return to base process.DiscussionTo explore how the RN who normally works within a well‐organised and accessible multidisciplinary team manages caring for a patient in an unfamiliar mobile environment, the study was conducted within WACHS in the Wheatbelt Region of WA involving 27 health care sites. Participating nurses were asked several broad questions to explore their perceptions on how well‐equipped they are in managing clinical care and deterioration during transfer; what are the challenges that they face while doing so and how confident they are about their knowledge, skill level and scope of clinical practice in supporting patients during interhospital transfer?ConclusionWheatbelt nurse escorts were capable, generalist nurses with a demonstrated skill set in managing patient care during transfer when needed. The ‘back of the ambulance’ was a challenging environment for nurses to engage in the type of care usually provided in the hospital setting, which come with a high level of uncertainty and anxiety for both patient outcome and own well‐being.
The effect of patient symptom awareness on the visual outcome in retinal detachment
Authors: Govers B. M. , Keijser S. , El Kandoussi M. , van Overdam K. A. , Klevering B. J. , Crama N. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeTo explore whether a patient's prior knowledge of the symptoms associated with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) relates to the visual outcome after treatment.MethodsWe performed a prospective survey study on 126 patients receiving treatment for primary RRD between March and July 2021.ResultsThirty‐seven per cent (n = 47) of patients responded that they were aware of the RRD symptoms prior to the detachment. A history of RRD in the fellow eye or knowledge of family members treated for RRD was frequently reported as a reason for the patient's awareness of RRD symptoms. Patients aware of RRD symptoms presented significantly more often with an attached macula (χ2, p = 0.002) and a better visual outcome following surgery (Mann–Whitney U, p = 0.028) compared to patients who were not aware of RRD‐related symptoms. Among 76 patients with a myopic refractive error, only 15% (n = 11) indicated that they had been warned about the increased RRD risk related to myopia, suggesting that three‐quarters of patients were not actively informed by their eye care professionals.ConclusionRRD symptom awareness is significantly related to a higher rate of macula‐on RRDs and better visual outcomes after treatment. There is limited awareness of increased RRD risk in myopic RRD patients. These findings suggest that counselling individuals at high risk of RRD about related symptoms is inadequate and better counselling may improve visual outcomes following RRD treatment.
Is contact among social class groups associated with legitimation of inequality? An examination across 28 countries
Authors: Vargas Salfate Salvador , Stern Chadly 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIs class‐based contact associated with legitimation of inequality? Drawing from the idea that people adopt beliefs predominant in groups with whom they interact, we hypothesized that upper‐class contact would correspond to greater legitimation of inequality, whereas lower‐class contact would correspond to lesser legitimation of inequality among lower‐ and upper‐class individuals. We also hypothesized that middle‐class individuals might possess a more precarious identity, leading lower‐class contact to correspond to higher legitimation of inequality. We tested hypotheses using a nationally representative sample from Chile (N = 4446; Study 1), and nationally representative samples from 28 countries (N = 43,811; Study 2). Support for hypotheses was mixed. Upper‐class contact was often associated with greater legitimation of inequality, whereas lower‐class contact was frequently related to lower legitimation of inequality. Patterns emerged among most social class groups, but there was also variation across groups. We discuss potential explanations for results along with theoretical implications for class‐based contact.
Dressing up social psychology: Empirically investigating the psychological functions of clothing using the example of symbolic protection
Authors: Gruber Robert , Häfner Michael , Kachel Sven 
Published: November 2023

AbstractClothing behaviour remains an understudied research area within social psychology. Through the present research, we aim to anchor attire as an empirical research subject by investigating the psychological properties of one of its functionalities, namely, to provide protection. We argue that attire's undisputed role in shielding humans from environmental hazards may extend to the psychological level and protect them from the incorporeal consequences of existential threats symbolically. In this Registered Report, a mixed‐methods approach links an ecologically valid field study of self‐presentation in social media posts during Russia's war on Ukraine (Study 1; N = 248) with supraliminal priming of mortality salience in an online experiment (Study 2; N = 248). Across both studies, we expect that mortality concerns let people accentuate the physically protective attributes of clothing (e.g. more layers of clothing) and resort to more in‐group prototypical dress styles (i.e. more gender‐stereotypical). Findings show that people adjust their clothing preferences in response to existential threats, favouring in‐group prototypical clothing (more gender‐typical for both women and men in Study 1) and physically protective attire (higher in women and lower in men in Study 2) during high (vs. low) levels of existential threat. By positioning clothing as a research area within social psychology, our goal is to stimulate a wave of research on its profound role for humankind. Furthermore, we provide a dynamic and robust methodological approach to researching terror management theory.
Challenges and contexts in mandated organizational change: Consolidation in Alberta's health care system
Authors: Greenwald Howard P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe research reported here is a case study of mandated consolidation in the organization of Alberta's health care system. Informed by the concept of organizational context, this study illustrates the complexity of factors affecting outcomes of mandated change and draws implications for theory and practice. Consolidation of separate agencies was initiated in 2008. Data were obtained through 2020 via interviews of key informants, reviews of official documents, and searches of news media. Ultimately, the mandate appears to have succeeded, but at substantial and potentially avoidable cost. An understanding of multiple dimensions of context can contribute to successful strategies for change.
Bruceine A inhibited breast cancer proliferation and metastasis by inducing autophagy via targeting PI3K‐AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Gao Zhen , Zhang Yan , Shen Weixing , Liu Xinyu , Wei Yunfang , Li Linxia , Cui Hengguan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlthough there have been significant advances in cancer treatment, the urgent need to inhibit breast cancer metastasis remained unmet. Bruceine A (BA) is a natural compound extracted from Bruceae Fructus and has long been recognized to have antitumor effects with high safety and biocompatibility. However, the mechanisms and/or targets of BA for metastatic breast cancer treatment are still not fully elucidated. In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of BA on inhibition of breast cancer metastasis and its underlying mechanisms. We found that, in addition to its cytotoxic effects, BA significantly inhibited the invasion and migration capabilities of two types of breast cancer cell lines (MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7) while concurrently promoting apoptosis in these cells. Further mechanistic studies revealed that, by targeting the canonical PI3K‐AKT signaling pathway, BA initiated autophagy of both types of breast cancer cell lines in vitro. In vivo results further confirmed the in vitro findings, manifested by shrinkage of size and weight of breast tumor as well as initiation of autophagy (indicated by upregulation of LC3I/II) through targeting PI3K‐AKT pathway on mice model. These data collectively demonstrated the potential of BA in antimetastasis of breast cancer cells, suggesting its future clinical transformation in metastatic breast cancer therapy.
Dihydropyrimidine derivatives as MDM2 inhibitors
Authors: Mehri Ali , Mahnam Karim , Sirous Hajar , Aghaei Mahmoud , Rafiei Leila , Rostami Mahboubeh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOne of the chief pathways to regulate p53 levels is MDM2 protein, which negatively controls p53 by direct inhibition. Many cancers overproduce MDM2 protein to interrupt p53 functions. Therefore, impeding MDM2's binding to p53 can reactivate p53 in tumor cells may suggest an effective approach for tumor therapy. Here, some Monastrol derivatives were designed in silico as MDM2 inhibitors, and their initial cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro on MFC‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells. A small library of Monastrol derivatives was created, and virtual screening (VS) was performed on them. The first‐ranked compound, which was extracted from VS, and the other six compounds 5a‐5f were selected to carry out the single‐docking and docking with explicit waters. The compound with the best average results was then subjected to molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. Compounds 5a‐5f were chemically synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their initial cytotoxicity on MFC‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells by MTT assay. The best compound was compound 5d with ΔGave = −10.35 kcal/mol. MD simulation revealed a median potency in comparison with Nutlin‐3a. The MTT assay confirmed the docking and MD experiments. 5d has an IC50 of 60.09 μM on MCF‐7 cells. We attempted to use Monastrol scaffold as a potent inhibitor of MDM2 rather than an Eg5 inhibitor using in silico modification. The results obtained from the in silico and in vitro evaluations were noteworthy and warranted much more effort in the future.
Role of epithelial barrier function in inducing type 2 immunity following early‐life viral infection
Authors: Tian Kunyuan , Dangarh Prakrati , Zhang Haina , Hines Christian L. , Bush Andrew , Pybus Hannah J. , Harker James A. , Lloyd Clare M. , Tanaka Reiko J. , Saglani Sejal 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPreschool wheeze attacks triggered by recurrent viral infections, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), are associated with an increased risk of childhood asthma. However, mechanisms that lead to asthma following early‐life viral wheezing remain uncertain.MethodsTo investigate a causal relationship between early‐life RSV infections and onset of type 2 immunity, we developed a neonatal murine model of recurrent RSV infection, in vivo and in silico, and evaluated the dynamical changes of altered airway barrier function and downstream immune responses, including eosinophilia, mucus secretion and type 2 immunity.ResultsRSV infection of neonatal BALB/c mice at 5 and 15 days of age induced robust airway eosinophilia, increased pulmonary CD4+IL‐13+ and CD4+IL‐5+ cells, elevated levels of IL‐13 and IL‐5 and increased airway mucus at 20 days of age. Increased bronchoalveolar lavage albumin levels, suggesting epithelial barrier damage, were present and persisted following the second RSV infection. Computational in silico simulations demonstrated that recurrent RSV infection resulted in severe damage of the airway barrier (epithelium), triggering the onset of type 2 immunity. The in silico results also demonstrated that recurrent infection is not always necessary for the development of type 2 immunity, which could also be triggered with single infection of high viral load or when the epithelial barrier repair is compromised.ConclusionsThe neonatal murine model demonstrated that recurrent RSV infection in early life alters airway barrier function and promotes type 2 immunity. A causal relationship between airway barrier function and type 2 immunity was suggested using in silico model simulations.
ERBB3 deficiency causes a multisystemic syndrome in human patient and zebrafish
Authors: Liu Keqiang , Chen Ru , Zhang Minzhong , Gong Yiming , Wang Yong , Cai Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Erb‐B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (ERBB3) gene was first identified as a cause of lethal congenital contracture syndrome (OMIM 607598), while a recent study reported six additional patients carrying ERBB3 variants which exhibited distinct clinical features with evident intestinal dysmotility (OMIM 243180). The potential connection between these phenotypes remains unknown, and the ERBB3‐related phenotype spectrum needs to be better characterized. Here, we described a patient presenting with a multisystemic syndrome including skip segment Hirschsprung disease, bilateral clubfoot deformity, and cardiac defect. Trio‐whole exome sequencing revealed a novel compound heterozygous variant (c.1914‐7C>G; c.2942_2945del) in the patient's ERBB3 gene. RT‐PCR and in vitro minigene analysis demonstrated that variant c.1914‐7C>G caused aberrant mRNA splicing. Both variants resulted in premature termination codon and complete loss of ERBB3 function. erbb3b knockdown in zebrafish simultaneously caused a reduction in enteric neurons in the distal intestine, craniofacial cartilage defects, and micrognathia, which phenotypically mimics ERBB3‐related intestinal dysmotility and some features of lethal congenital contracture syndrome in human patients. These findings provide further patient and animal evidence supporting that ERBB3 deficiency causes a complex syndrome involving multiple systems with phenotypic variability among distinct individuals.
Assessing type I collagen expression and quality in cellular models of osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Udupa Prajna , Shrikondawar Akshaykumar Nanaji , Ranjan Akash , Ghosh Debasish Kumar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a group of genetic disorders of bone formation characterized by soft and shorter brittle bones in affected individuals. OI is generally considered a collagenopathy resulting from abnormal expression of type I collagen. As assay system to detect the cellular level and quality of type I collagen would help in rapid and correct detection of OI from the diagnostic perspectives. Here, we report an immunofluorescence assay for detection of type I collagen in fibroblast models of OI and represented them into two broad categories based on the expression level and aggregation characteristics of pro‐α1(I). Cell phenotypic assays of pro‐α1(I) in OI‐related gene knocked down fibroblasts revealed aggregates of pro‐α1(I) in conditions with knockdown of SERPINF1, CRTAP, P3H1, PPIB, SERPINH1, FKBP10, TMEM38B, MESD, and KDELR2, whereas pro‐α1(I) expression was very low in fibroblasts which had knockdown of IFITM5, SP7, BMP1, WNT1, CREB3L1, MBTPS2, and CCDC134. The expression of pro‐α1(I) showed abundant and non‐aggregated distribution in the fibroblasts with knockdown of non‐OI skeletal disorder‐related genes (RAB33B and IFT52). The in vitro assay accurately detected abnormally expressed pro‐α1(I) levels in cellular models of various types of OI. Thus, this procedure represents a promising point‐of‐detection assay for potential diagnosis and therapeutic decisions in OI.
Farewell to the requirement for character independence: phylogenetic methods to incorporate different types of dependence between characters
Authors: Goloboff Pablo A. , De Laet Jan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper discusses methods to take into account interactions between characters, in the context of parsimony analysis. These interactions can be in the form of some characters becoming inapplicable given certain states of other, primary characters; in the form of only certain states being allowed in some characters when a given state or set of states occurs for other characters; or in the form of transformation costs in some character being higher or lower when other characters have certain states or transformations between states. Character–state reconstructions and evaluation of trees under the assumption of independence may easily lead to ancestral assignments that violate elementary rules of biomechanics, well‐established theories relating form and function or ideas about character co‐variation. An obvious example is reconstructing an ancestral bird as wingless and flying at the same time; another is reconstructing a protein‐coding gene as having a stop codon in some ancestors. If the characters are optimized independently, such chimeric ancestral reconstructions can occur even when no terminal displays the impossible combination of states. A set of conventions (implemented via new TNT commands and options) allows the definition of complex rules of interaction. By recoding groups of characters with proper step–matrix costs (and excluding impossible combinations from the set of permissible states), it is possible to find the ancestral reconstructions that maximize homology (and thus the degree to which similarities can be explained by common ancestry), within the constraints imposed by the rules specified by the user. We expect that considerations of biomechanics, functional morphology and natural history will be a source of many theories on possible character dependences, and that the present implementation will encourage users to take the possibility of character dependences into account in their phylogenetic analyses.