bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-omics approaches for understanding gene-environment interactions in noncommunicable diseases: techniques, translation, and equity issues
Authors: Alemu Robel , Sharew Nigussie T. , Arsano Yodit Y. , Ahmed Muktar , Tekola-Ayele Fasil , Mersha Tesfaye B. , Amare Azmeraw T. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, cancers, diabetes, and mental health disorders pose a significant global health challenge, accounting for the majority of fatalities and disability-adjusted life years worldwide. These diseases arise from the complex interactions between genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors, necessitating a thorough understanding of these dynamics to identify effective diagnostic strategies and interventions. Although recent advances in multi-omics technologies have greatly enhanced our ability to explore these interactions, several challenges remain. These challenges include the inherent complexity and heterogeneity of multi-omic datasets, limitations in analytical approaches, and severe underrepresentation of non-European genetic ancestries in most omics datasets, which restricts the generalizability of findings and exacerbates health disparities. This scoping review evaluates the global landscape of multi-omics data related to NCDs from 2000 to 2024, focusing on recent advancements in multi-omics data integration, translational applications, and equity considerations. We highlight the need for standardized protocols, harmonized data-sharing policies, and advanced approaches such as artificial intelligence/machine learning to integrate multi-omics data and study gene-environment interactions. We also explore challenges and opportunities in translating insights from gene-environment (GxE) research into precision medicine strategies. We underscore the potential of global multi-omics research in advancing our understanding of NCDs and enhancing patient outcomes across diverse and underserved populations, emphasizing the need for equity and fairness-centered research and strategic investments to build local capacities in underrepresented populations and regions.
Usefulness of a novel density measurement drill for evaluating cancellous bone density: correlation between CT value and drilling torque value in bovine ribs
Authors: Doi Kazuya , Wakamatsu Kaien , Kobatake Reiko , Oki Yoshifumi , Makihara Yusuke , Konishi Masaru , Tsuga Kazuhiro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The study aimed to examine the usefulness of a novel density measurement drill for evaluating cancellous bone density by examining the correlation between computed tomography (CT)-based Misch bone density classification and drilling torque value.

Methods
Bovine ribs were used as the drilling sites for implant placement. Multidetector CT (MDCT) was performed after contrast materials were attached to the drilling sites. CT value within the region of interest (ROI) on MDCT scan was measured and classified according to the Misch classification (D1 to D5). Drilling torque value was measured using a novel measurement drill. Next, histomorphometric analysis of the drilling site was performed to assess bone density, expressed as percentage of bone area within ROI.

Results
MDCT showed the presence of D2 (n = 87), D3 (n = 92), D4 (n = 133), and D5 (n = 52) at the measurement sites, however, no sites were classified as D1. The drilling torque values were 11.2 ± 3.2 Ncm for D2, 7.8 ± 3.3 Ncm for D3, and 3.0 ± 1.2 Ncm for D4, and 1.4 ± 0.6 Ncm for D5, with significant differences. A positive correlation was observed between CT value and drilling torque value (r = 0.99). Histomorphometric analysis revealed a positive correlation between drilling torque value and bone area ratio (r = 0.97).

Conclusions
The results of this limited study demonstrated the usefulness of the direct and objective cancellous bone density evaluation method using a novel measurement drill. This evaluation method will be informative for subsequent treatment decisions.
Physiological and Perceptual Responses to Blood Flow Restriction Resistance Exercise with Different Cuff Types
Authors: Chen Lin-Sheng , Brosselin Philippe , McLaurin Natalie , Charry Daniela , Tanaka Hirofumi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Although blood flow restriction (BFR) training has gained popularity, the original narrow semi-elastic pneumatic design of the KAATSU bands has been gradually replaced by wide-rigid nylon blood pressure cuffs that are cheaper and more readily available. The purpose of this study was to compare physiological and perceptual responses before and after BFR resistance exercise with different types of BFR cuffs.

Methods
Twenty-six healthy young adults (10 females) completed three testing visits. In the first visit, blood pressure and maximal muscle strength were measured to determine cuff pressure and weight to be used for the training sessions. In the second and third training sessions, which were conducted in a randomized order, the participants completed single-arm BFR sessions with either a wide-rigid cuff or a narrow semi-elastic pneumatic band. In each training session, the participants performed three sets of biceps curls, triceps extensions, and handgrip exercises.

Results
When the participants were performing BFR exercise with the wide-rigid cuff, systolic blood pressure was higher after the handgrip exercise, and diastolic blood pressure and mean blood pressure were higher after all three exercises (P < 0.05). Perceived exertion and soreness levels were greater after the biceps curls, and pain level was greater after all three exercises with use of wide-rigid cuff (P < 0.05). Changes in heart rate and blood lactate concentration were not different between cuff conditions.

Conclusion
The use of wide-rigid cuffs might elicit greater increases in blood pressure, perceived exertion, and pain during BFR resistance training. Our results suggested that cuff selection might be an important consideration when prescribing BFR training.
Genomic characterization of antimicrobial-resistance and virulence factors in Salmonella isolates obtained from pig farms in Antioquia, Colombia
Authors: García-Álvarez María Isabel , Vidal Juana L. , Donado-Godoy Pilar , Smith Jared , Shariat Nikki , Valencia María Fernanda , Gómez-Osorio Luis M. , López-Osorio Sara , Chaparro-Gutiérrez Jenny J. 
Published: January 2025

Background
Occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella strains has been reported worldwide, because of inappropriate use of antimicrobial products in either humans or animals. The presence of multidrug resistant Salmonella in pig production systems had been reported in Antioquia, Colombia.

Aim
To identify antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) in different Salmonella spp. strains isolated from pig productions in Antioquia, Colombia. Methods: Samples were received at the Diagnostic Unit of the Faculty of Agrarian Sciences at the University of Antioquia, from January 1, 2019, to January 2021. A total of 28 isolates of Salmonella spp. were included, which presented phenotypic resistance to more than one antibiotic used in pig farms. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed in the Unit of Genomic of Agrosavia using an automated pipeline from the GHRU- Sanger Institute, employing the Illumina MiSeq platform.

Results
WGS revealed 34 ARGs among these isolates. In 25 isolates (89%) more than two ARGs were found. Genes encoding resistance were found for 10 different groups of antibiotics (beta-lactam, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, rifampicins, lincosamides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides and trimethoprim). The most frequently observed MDR profile in Typhimurium isolates was AMP-CEX-CEP-CEF-EFT-CEQ-FLU-ENR-TE-FFC-SXT.

Conclusion
The presence of multi-drug resistant Salmonella strains in pigs destined for human consumption in Antioquia, Colombia was determined. This research emphasizes the utmost importance of epidemiological tools to understand the presence and spreading of antimicrobial resistance genes in pig farms. Additionally, it highlights the critical need for developing educational programs and public policies to help reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistance in production systems.
Practice patterns on the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism in the United States: Results from a modified Delphi panel
Authors: Henner David E. , Drambarean Beatrice , Gerbeling Teresa M. , Kendrick Jessica B. , Kendrick William T. , Koester-Wiedemann Lisa , Nickolas Thomas L. , Rastogi Anjay , Rauf Anis A. , Dyson Brenda , Singer Michael C. , Desai Pooja , Fox Kathleen M. , Cheng Sunfa , Goodman William 
Published: January 2025

Background
Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Many recommendations in the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD-mineral and bone disorder guidelines are supported by modest evidence and predate the approval of newer agents. Therefore, an expert panel defined consensus SHPT practice patterns in the United States with real-world context from the nephrology community.

Methods
Ten US healthcare providers and one patient participated in a modified Delphi method comprising three phases. Consensus was determined via iterative responses to a questionnaire based on the 2009 and 2017 KDIGO guidelines and published literature on the identification, evaluation, monitoring, and interventional strategies for patients with SHPT. The threshold for consensus was 66% agreement.

Results
Panelists generally agreed with KDIGO recommendations, with some differences. Consensus was reached on 42/105 (40%), 95/105 (90.5%), and 105/105 (100%) questions after phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Panelists unanimously agreed that SHPT treatment is often started late. There was a preference for serum phosphate level <4.6 mg/dL, and consensus to maintain serum calcium levels <9.5 mg/dL. There was unanimous agreement for vitamin D analogues as first-line options in patients not on dialysis with severe, progressive SHPT and unanimous preference for intravenous calcimimetic, etelcalcetide, in appropriate in-center dialysis patients. Factors such as formularies, dialysis center protocols, and insurance were recognized to influence therapeutic strategies.

Conclusions
Expert consensus was reached on SHPT management, further defining therapeutic strategies and medication use and emphasizing need for treatment early. Despite evidence-based treatment preferences supported by clinical experience, factors other than scientific evidence influence decision making, particularly with medications.
Navigating vaccination in pregnancy: Qualitative study in 21 ethnically diverse pregnant women
Authors: Razai Mohammad S. , Ussher Michael , Goldsmith Lucy , Hargreaves Sally , Oakeshott Pippa 
Published: January 2025

Background
Vaccination during pregnancy is crucial for safeguarding maternal and neonatal health, but vaccination rates remain suboptimal, especially in women from Black and Asian ethnic minorities. We explored the perspectives and decision-making processes of pregnant women regarding uptake of the three recommended vaccines in pregnancy: Influenza, Pertussis (whooping cough) and COVID-19. We also explored women’s attitudes to taking part in vaccine trials during pregnancy and the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to obtain information on vaccines.

Methods
In 2023, we conducted in-depth telephone interviews with ethnically diverse pregnant women in the Greater London area using convenience and snowball sampling. The interviews focused on participants’ views on vaccination during pregnancy, participation in vaccine trials, information-seeking behaviours, and attitudes to emerging technologies for health information. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. The data collection and analysis were conducted alongside the iterative development of the topic guide and coding framework, with key themes emerging through collaborative team discussions.

Results
Twenty one pregnant women aged 20–39 were interviewed of whom 67% were from ethnic minorities and 29% were from migrant backgrounds. Half the participants (53%) reported hesitancy towards at least one of the vaccines. The analysis revealed several themes: concerns about vaccine safety, particularly regarding newer vaccines due to lack of long-term data; reliance on healthcare professionals for guidance, balanced with personal research; and a strong desire for clear and comprehensive information specifically tailored to pregnant women. Pregnant women reported insufficient information, explanation, or recommendation by midwives. Additionally, there was widespread refusal regarding participation in vaccine trials; and mixed responses to the use of AI (such as chatbots) for obtaining vaccine information.

Conclusions
Pregnant women’s vaccination decisions are complex and require clear, unambiguous communication from healthcare providers, especially midwives, to address their specific concerns. Although information obtained via AI can be useful, responses were mixed.
Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and its associated factors among adults in East African countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abuhay Habtamu Wagnew , Tesfie Tigabu Kidie , Alemayehu Meron Asmamaw , Agimas Muluken Chanie , Yismaw Getaneh Awoke , Alemu Gebrie Getu , Derseh Nebiyu Mekonnen , Yirsaw Bantie Getnet 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most significant public health problems. Globally, one in ten adults has diabetes, and it results in macro- or microvascular complications, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR). It is one of the most prevalent eye complications associated with DM, and it is the main cause of vision loss. Even though East African countries face a growing burden of diabetes and DR, no study depicts the regional prevalence and its associated factors. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of DR and its associated factors among adults in East African countries.

Methods
We extensively searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Google for relevant studies. A forest plot was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of diabetic retinopathy using DerSimonian and Laird’s random-effects model. We checked publication bias using funnel plots and Egger’s regression test. Potential heterogeneity was tested using the I-squared statistic. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression analysis were also performed. Furthermore, the pooled odds ratios for the associated factors were estimated. The research protocol was registered in PROSPER.

Results
Among the 29 included studies, the estimated pooled prevalence of DR in East African countries was 28% (95% CI 23.0, 33.0). Besides, age ≥60 (OR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.55, 5.32), body mass index ≥ 25 (AOR = 2.85; 95% CI: 1.69, 4.81; I2 = 85.4%, p < 0.001), and hemoglobin A1c levels ≥7 (OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.46, 4.23) were significantly associated with the prevalence of DR.

Conclusions
The prevalence of DR in East Africa was high, with more than one in four individuals with diabetes developing DR. Besides, advanced age, higher body mass index, and elevated hemoglobin A1c levels were significant factors associated with increased DR prevalence. Therefore, comprehensive diabetes management focusing on optimal glycemic control and healthy weight maintenance is essential to mitigate the problems. Also, the Ministries of Health and policymakers should prioritize and implement targeted strategies to address the identified modifiable risk factors, aiming to reduce the prevalence of DR in the region.

Trial registration
Systematic review registration: PROSPERO (2024: ID = CRD42024511437). https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024511437.
Urine tenofovir adherence testing: Perspectives of recently diagnosed South African adolescents and young adults with HIV accessing care via mobile HIV clinics
Authors: Montaño Michalina A. , Sindelo Siyaxolisa , Fata Amanda , Rousseau Elzette , Bekker Linda-Gail , Katz Ingrid T. , Drain Paul K. 
Published: January 2025

Background
Adolescents and young adults (AYA) living with HIV face several challenges to engaging in HIV care, which can impact adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics that detect tenofovir in urine may be a useful tool to support ART adherence, but perspectives from AYA in South Africa have not been explored.

Methods
We conducted in-depth interviews (IDIs) among young people (age 18–24) newly diagnosed with HIV in Cape Town, and a focus group discussion (FGD) with HIV care providers to understand their perspectives regarding the use of POC urine tenofovir testing to support ART adherence. Transcripts were analyzed using Dedoose, with an iterative thematic approach.

Results
Transcripts from 8 IDI participants and 8 FGD participants were included in the analysis. Major themes identified during analysis related to beliefs about POC urine adherence testing and recommendations for future clinical implementation. Most IDI participants indicated they would want to use the tests if clinically available, and both IDI and FGD participants believed the tests would be helpful to clinicians. Participants believed the tests could motivate people to take their ART regularly, either by reassuring them ART was present in their bodies, or to avoid the negative consequences of being found to be non-adherent. Drawbacks of POC adherence testing identified by respondents included not wanting to be caught skipping ART doses, concerns about privacy, how the test results would be explained, and adding to the amount of testing required for HIV clinical care.

Conclusions
AYA living with HIV in South Africa had favorable views toward POC tenofovir adherence testing and felt utilizing these tests in HIV clinical care would motivate people to remain adherent to ART.
Anticoagulants utilization in eight hospitals within the Luzhou region from 2019 to 2023
Authors: Luo Wei , Li Yan , Yang Jiali , Liu Yang , Shi Yue , Luo Hongli 
Published: January 2025

Background
With the increasing utilization of anticoagulants, the selection of appropriate anticoagulants has emerged as a significant quandary. The objective of this study was to evaluate recent trend in the utilization and expenditure of anticoagulants within a specific region, aiming to provide valuable insights into the optimal choice of anticoagulants across other healthcare facilities.

Methods
The utilization of anticoagulants was retrospectively analyzed. The data on anticoagulant utilizations in tertiary-care hospitals within a district were collected from January 2019 to December 2023. The expenditure, defined daily doses (DDDs), and defined daily cost (DDC) were calculated. The trends in the utilization and expenditure of anticoagulants were examined using linear regression analysis.

Results
From 2019 to 2023, the DDDs of rivaroxaban demonstrated a significant annual increase in most hospitals (p < 0.05). Only a few hospitals exhibited a gradual rise in the consumption of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) over the same period (p < 0.05). The trend of heparin sodium and warfarin varied across different hospitals. The implementation of the centralized procurement policy, however, resulted in a decline in the consumption of rivaroxaban and LMWH in 2021 and 2022 respectively. The DDC value of rivaroxaban experienced a substantial decrease over the past five years (p = 0.020), declining from 55.20 Chinese Yuan (CNY) in 2019 to 4.28 CNY in 2023. Conversely, there was a slight increase noted in the DDC of heparin sodium during this time frame (p = 0.042).

Conclusion
Over the past five years (2019–2023), there has been an increase in the utilization of rivaroxaban and LMWH. However, their expenditure has decreased. In addition, the utilization and expenditure of warfarin and heparin sodium remained relatively stable. The application prospects of rivaroxaban and LMWH are promising.
Frances Hodgkins: European Journeys, Catherine Hammond and Mary Kisler (eds) (2019)
Authors: Sedgwick Laura 
Published: January 2025

Review of: Frances Hodgkins: European Journeys, Catherine Hammond and Mary Kisler (eds) (2019)
Auckland: Auckland University Press, 259 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 86940 893 0 (hbk), NZ$85
Experiências de ativismos entre pessoas trans fora dos espaços institucionalizados
Authors: Melo Késia Maria Maximiano de 
Published: January 2025

As reflexões propostas originam-se de uma pesquisa etnográfica cujo objetivo central foi compreender do modo pelo qual as pessoas trans têm se apropriado de espaços online de interação a fim de fomentar debates políticos, e tecer redes de solidariedade e sociabilidade. Para tal, parti da investigação da proliferação desses espaços, tomando como ponto de partida um grupo de uma plataforma digital, construindo interações que transitavam entre o on e o offline. Trata-se de um campo de intensas disputas, especialmente entre uma nova geração de pessoas dissidentes de gênero e o movimento social institucionalizado, evidenciando-se as novas formas de reivindicar lugares de existência
High beta power in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex indexes human approach behavior: a case study
Authors: Provenza Nicole R. , Rajesh Sameer V. , Reyes Gabriel , Katlowitz Kalman A. , Pugalenthi Lokesha S. , Bechtold Raphael A. , Diab Nabeel , Reddy Sandesh , Allam Anthony , Gandhi Ajay D. , Kabotyanski Katya E. , Mansourian Kasra A. , Bentley Jonathan H. , Altman Jordan R. , Hinduja Saurabh , Giridharan Nisha , Banks Garrett P. , Shofty Ben , Heilbronner Sarah R. , Cohn Jeffrey F. , Borton David A. , Storch Eric A. , Herron Jeffrey A. , Hayden Benjamin Y. , Phillips Mary L. , Goodman Wayne K. , Sheth Sameer A. 
Published: January 2025

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral capsule and ventral striatum (VC/VS) is an effective therapy for treatment resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (trOCD). DBS initiation often produces acute improvements in mood and energy. These acute behavioral changes, which we refer to as “approach behaviors”, include increased social engagement and talkativeness. We investigated the relationship between stimulation amplitude, spectral power in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), and speech rate in one male patient with trOCD implanted with bilateral VC/VS DBS leads and subdural electrodes adjacent to orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and vlPFC. Several times over the first 17 weeks of therapy, we conducted experiments where we recorded data during epochs of high amplitude or zero/low amplitude stimulation. We found that both speech rate and vlPFC power in a high beta frequency band (31±1.5Hz, 1/f activity removed) increased during high amplitude as compared to low amplitude periods. Speech rate correlated with vlPFC high beta power. These effects were more consistent across time points in the left hemisphere than the right. At week 17, we performed an experiment where stimulation was held constant while the patient was asked to speak or remain silent. We showed that the presence or absence of speech was not sufficient to increase the vlPFC high beta power, suggesting stimulation is a key driver of the observed neurobehavioral phenomenon. Our results suggest vlPFC high beta power is a biomarker for approach behaviors associated with VC/VS DBS.Significance StatementIn one patient receiving DBS of the ventral capsule and ventral striatum (VC/VS) for OCD, we leveraged a unique clinical opportunity to study the neurophysiological basis of approach behaviors using chronic intracranial recordings from prefrontal cortical regions. VC/VS DBS initiation often produces acute improvements in mood and energy associated with increased social engagement and talkativeness (approach behaviors). Our results suggest that vlPFC high beta activity (particularly in the left hemisphere) may index approach behaviors (quantified here by speech features). This neural signal is consistent with our previous non-invasive studies identifying predictors of mania in patients with bipolar disorder, and we hope to gather further evidence that it indexes a continuum from adaptive approach behavior to maladaptive manic symptoms.