bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of pH and salt concentration on freeze–thaw fractionation of soymilk protein
Authors: Matsuno Masayuki , Murakami Kazuya , Morita Kazuhiro , Shimoyamada Makoto 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe two major storage proteins of soymilk are the globulins 7S and 11S. Freeze–thaw fractionation is a simple method for separating these proteins in raw soymilk. In this study, we assessed the freeze–thaw fractionation ability of raw soymilk under various pH (4.3–11.6) conditions and added salt (sodium chloride) concentrations (0.00–0.67 mol L−1).RESULTSWe successfully achieved fractionation within a pH range of 5.8–6.7 and when the salt concentration was 0.22 mol L−1 or lower. Analysis of particle size distribution and microscopic examination of soymilk revealed no direct correlation between particle size and freeze–thaw fractionation ability. Interestingly, it was confirmed that the ranges of zeta potential values associated with successful freeze–thaw fractionation in raw soymilk remained consistent across different pH and salt concentration conditions. These ranges were between −23 and −28 mV at pH levels ranging from 5.8 to 6.7 and between −18 and −29 mV at added salt concentrations ranging from 0 to 0.22 mol L−1.CONCLUSIONThe pH and salt concentration in raw soymilk markedly influence the freeze–thaw fractionation process. We confirmed that the range of zeta potential values where fractionation was possible remained consistent under various pH and salt concentration conditions. These findings suggest that the zeta potential value might serve as an indicator for evaluating the freeze–thaw fractionation ability of raw soymilk. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Revealing the Effect of the Length of Chains on Rubber Mechanical Properties by the Two‐Component Quantum Mechanical Gaussian Model
Authors: Zhang Fa , Cao Nanpu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe special mechanical properties of natural rubber originate from the stretching of the network chains (i.e., cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene chains) in the rubber network. The chains with various lengths exhibit various relative extensions, leading to various normalized energy contributions to the mechanical properties of rubber. However, the stretching behaviors of cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene chains with different lengths are not studied clearly. Here, the stretching behavior, which is the basis for analyzing the normalized energy contribution, is obtained by the modified freely jointed chain model. Next, using a new statistical model, i.e., the two‐component quantum‐mechanics Gaussian (TCQMG) model, the relative extension–length relationship of network chains is determined. Combining the above results, the energy contributions of network chains with different lengths are analyzed. The results show that long and short chains show different stretching states. The following can be explained by these results: short chains play an important role in the mechanical properties of rubber. As the network chain density increases, the average length of the chains decreases, leading to the variation of the normalized extensions. It is found that the variation of the normalized extensions is responsible for both the effects of the network chain density and network chain length on the mechanical properties of rubber.
Biological activities, identification, method development, and validation for analysis of polyphenolic compounds in Nymphaea rubra flowers and leaves by UHPLC‐Q‐cIM‐TOF‐MS and UHPLC‐TQ‐MS
Authors: Naznin Marufa , Alam Rafiqul , Alam Md Badrul , Jung Maeng‐Joon , Lee Sang‐Han , Kim Sunghwan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionNymphaea rubra belongs to the Nymphaea family and is regarded as a vegetable used in traditional medicine to cure several ailments. These species are rich in phenolic acid, flavonoids, and hydrolysable tannin.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the biological activities of Nymphaea rubra flowers (NRF) and leaves (NRL) by identifying and quantifying their polyphenolic compounds using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole cyclic ion mobility time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q‐cIM‐TOF‐MS) and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐TQ‐MS).MethodologyNRF and NRL powder was extracted with methanol and fractionated using hexane, ethylacetate, and water. Antioxidant and α‐glucosidase, and tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activities were evaluated. The polyphenolic components of NRF and NRL were identified and quantified using UHPLC‐Q‐cIM‐TOF‐MS and UHPLC‐TQ‐MS. The method was validated using linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ).ResultsBioactive substances and antioxidants were highest in the ethylacetate fraction of flowers and leaves. Principal component analysis showed how solvent and plant components affect N. rubra's bioactivity and bioactive compound extraction. A total of 67 compounds were identified, and among them 21 significant polyphenols were quantified. Each calibration curve had R2 > 0.998. The LOD and LLOQ varied from 0.007 to 0.09 μg/mL and from 0.01 to 0.1 μg/mL, respectively. NRF contained a significant amount of gallic acid (10.1 mg/g), while NRL contained abundant pentagalloylglucose (2.8 mg/g).ConclusionThe developed method is simple, rapid, and selective for the identification and quantification of bioactive molecules. These findings provide a scientific basis for N. rubra's well‐documented biological effects.
Improved thermal stability and flame‐retardant performance of rigid polyurethane foam modified by hydrolyzed keratin‐modified polyol and aluminium hypophosphite
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wang Jianwei , Sun Simiao , Xu Chen , Wang Zhi , Xie Hua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) was prepared using hydrolyzed keratin‐modified polyol and aluminium hypophosphite as flame retardants. The effects of aluminium hypophosphite on the thermal stability and flame‐retardant properties of hydrolyzed keratin‐modified RPUFs were studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI) method, thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis kinetic analysis, cone analysis and smoke density analysis. The results showed that RPUF added with 7.5 wt% aluminium hypophosphite (RPUF‐HK5‐7.5AL) had the highest LOI, which was 26.1%. RPUF‐HK5‐7.5AL had the highest initial decomposition temperature, the highest T5% at a heating rate of 10 °C min−1 and the highest activation energy. In addition, RPUF‐HK5‐7.5AL possessed the lowest heat release rate at 50 kW m−2 of 125.10 kW m−2, and the lowest total heat release rate of 5.30 MJ m−2. Results indicated that RPUF‐HK5‐7.5AL had the best thermal stability and flame‐retardant properties. Scanning electron microscopy showed that hydrolyzed keratin and aluminium hypophosphite had a synergistic effect on the flame retardancy of the RPUFs. The current research results provide a useful reference for the preparation of RPUFs with good flame‐retardant properties by bio‐based modification. © 2024 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
The use of idealised experiments in testing a new convective parametrization: Performance of CoMorph‐A
Authors: Lavender Sally L. , Stirling Alison J. , Whitall Michael , Stratton Rachel A. , Daleu Chimene L. , Plant Robert S. , Lock Adrian , Gu Jian‐Feng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCoMorph is a new mass‐flux convection parametrization under development at the Met Office designed for use within the Unified Model and its successor model, LFRic. Use of a three‐dimensional idealised model enables controlled tests of the performance of the scheme across different regimes. This includes the interaction between the physical parametrizations and the resolved dynamics, allowing study of the emergent organisation of convection on the resolved scale. A selection of well‐known cases is revisited here, with the purpose of documenting the extent to which CoMorph captures a range of important, but challenging, behaviour such as the diurnal cycle and sensitivity to tropospheric moisture. Simulations using CoMorph‐A, a new physics package, that has been demonstrated to perform well at numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate scales, are compared against the current global atmosphere configuration and high‐resolution results. In addition to an entirely new convection scheme, the package of changes includes significant changes to the cloud, microphysics, and boundary‐layer parametrizations. Recognising that CoMorph‐A is the first version of a scheme that will continue to be substantially developed and to obtain good performance, compromises in tuning have had to be made. These idealised tests therefore show what works well in this configuration, and what areas will require further work. As such, it is quite a demanding testbed and could be viewed as some of the equipment required for a “convective playground”.
Reifying, Disorienting and Restoring Gender Binaries in Dialogic Literature Discussions
Authors: Orner Aviv , Netz Hadar , Lefstein Adam 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDialogic pedagogy aims to bring multiple voices and perspectives into conversation, to create a classroom environment inclusive of multiple student identities, and to challenge hegemonic approaches to knowledge. As such, it seems particularly well‐suited for interrogating gender binaries and enhancing gender equity. Through micro‐ethnographic discourse analysis of video‐recorded literacy lessons, this study examines how traditional gender categories were reified and/or disrupted in literacy discussions in four Israeli elementary school classrooms experimenting with dialogic pedagogy. We found students and teachers frequently relying upon gender stereotypes in the participant examples they offered and in their interpretations of the story, “Fly, Eagle, Fly,” in class discussions. Originally framed as a parable of transformation and growth, the story unexpectedly provided an avenue to explore topics such as gender, transgenderism, and transsexuality. Sporadic instances arose in the discussion in which students subverted traditional binary gender constructs. These fleeting moments of disorientation underscored dialogic pedagogy's capacity to challenge gender norms. However, students and teachers treated transgenderism as taboo, and the topic's explicit consideration generated anxiety, with the teachers and some of the students trying to silence non‐heteronormative voices. Ultimately, teachers reinforced interpretations that allowed the gender order to be restored and seemed relieved when they were able to move on from the gender trouble episode. The study highlights the potential of dialogic pedagogy to challenge the heterosexual matrix and promote gender equity. However, it also demonstrates the importance of paying greater attention to gender issues in the development of dialogic pedagogy.
CRISPR/Cas12a‐loaded intelligent DNA hydrogel for universal and ultrasensitive exosome assay
Authors: Luo Jie , Wang Binpan , Tang Xiaoqi , Huang Ping , Yang Sha , Zhao Shuang , Xie Shuang , Li Qiaofeng , Chang Kai , Chen Ming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTumor‐derived exosomes are crucial for early non‐invasive and accurate tumor diagnosis in clinical diagnostics. The development of highly sensitive, simple, and intuitive exosome assays has sparked a research upsurge in clinical diagnostics. Here, we develop a bio‐responsive intelligent DNA hydrogel loaded with CRISPR/Cas12a for universal and ultrasensitive detection of the exosomes. The aptamer serves as the target response unit and switch, competitively disintegrating the region of the DNA linkers and then Cas12a/crRNA was released and activated, resulting in a high fluorescent intensity for exosome detection at the detection limit of 119 particles/μL. Moreover, a constructed colorimetric tube is made by loading a colorimetric filter membrane on the tube lid and intelligent DNA hydrogel on the tube bottom, which enables one‐pot portable colorimetric detection. Without the need for laboratory instruments and professionals, this strategy allows for naked eye detection with limit of detection as low as 104 particles/μL, and shows great applicability in distinguishing between healthy individuals, pretreatment patients, and post‐treatment patients after obtaining a testable analyte. In this study, an ultrasensitive detection platform for exosomes that enables one‐step sensing and dual signal output was introduced. The findings here suggest that this platform is a promising tool for the application of liquid biopsy based on exosomes in clinical diagnosis.
The Black and white differential in income and consumption dynamics
Authors: De Giorgi Giacomo , Gambetti Luca , Naguib Costanza 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith 20 years of PSID data, we document persistent racial differentials in consumption dynamics. Starting from similar positions in the consumption distribution Blacks end up in lower percentiles than Whites. Education, income, and wealth are three key drivers of these different dynamics. Blacks tend to save less, and hence have less buffer than the Whites to prevent them from falling in the lower part of the consumption distribution.
Environmental Perception of Solid Waste Management in the Hurtado Balneary, Colombia
Authors: Vargas Nataylde Gutiérrez , Bodah Brian William , Caballero Brayan , Ochoa Esteban , Salas Karen Muñoz , Neckel Alcindo , de Vargas Mores Giana , Moro Leila Dal , Palma Hugo Hernández , Ramos Claudete Gindri 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEnvironmental perception serves as a powerful tool for identifying community needs and potential within their surroundings. This study assessed tourists’ environmental perception regarding solid waste and its impact on the Hurtado Balneary, located in Valledupar, Colombia. The investigation delved into the environmental attitudes and behaviors of 769 balneary users by employing a combination of observation, photographic documentation, and a comprehensive 21-question online survey. The findings are 98.8% of participants acknowledged the adverse effects of solid waste on the environment, with 98% demonstrating a willingness to participate in waste management efforts. Furthermore, 42.13% exhibited limited awareness regarding waste management practices, reflecting a concerning lack of public interest and commitment (41.61%). Statistically significant disparities (p > 0.05) emerged 59% of waste items were not appropriately disposed of in designated receptacles. Reasons for this included a lack of a sense of belonging (50.2%) and inadequate environmental education (45.6%). Ninety-six percent expressed the need for river conservation signage, while 59.8% did not undertake any form of environmental training. The study’s implications extend beyond the Hurtado Balneary, potentially informing solid waste management strategies in other aquatic environments. This investigation aligns with three Sustainable Development Goals: SDG 12, emphasizing responsible consumption and production; SDG 13, addressing climate action; and SDG 15, advocating for life on land and below water.
Characterizing the Relationship Between Arterial Carbon Dioxide Trajectory and Serial Brain Biomarkers with Central Nervous System Injury During Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Thiara Sonny , Stukas Sophie , Hoiland Ryan , Wellington Cheryl , Tymko Mike , Isac George , Finlayson Gordon , Kanji Hussein , Romano Kali , Hirsch-Reinshagen Veronica , Sekhon Mypinder , Griesdale Donald 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Central nervous system (CNS) injury following initiation of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) is common. An acute decrease in partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) following VV-ECMO initiation has been suggested as an etiological factor, but the challenges of diagnosing CNS injuries has made discerning a relationship between PaCO2 and CNS injury difficult.

Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study of adult patients undergoing VV-ECMO for acute respiratory failure. Arterial blood gas measurements were obtained prior to initiation of VV-ECMO, and at every 2–4 h for the first 24 h. Neuroimaging was conducted within the first 7–14 days in patients who were suspected of having neurological injury or unable to be examined because of sedation. We collected blood biospecimens to measure brain biomarkers [neurofilament light (NF-L); glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); and phosphorylated-tau 181] in the first 7 days following initiation of VV-ECMO. We assessed the relationship between both PaCO2 over the first 24 h and brain biomarkers with CNS injury using mixed methods linear regression. Finally, we explored the effects of absolute change of PaCO2 on serum levels of neurological biomarkers by separate mixed methods linear regression for each biomarker using three PaCO2 exposures hypothesized to result in CNS injury.

Results
In our cohort, 12 of 59 (20%) patients had overt CNS injury identified on head computed tomography. The PaCO2 decrease with VV-ECMO initiation was steeper in patients who developed a CNS injury (− 0.32%, 95% confidence interval − 0.25 to − 0.39) compared with those without (− 0.18%, 95% confidence interval − 0.14 to − 0.21, P interaction < 0.001). The mean concentration of NF-L increased over time and was higher in those with a CNS injury (464 [739]) compared with those without (127 [257]; P = 0.001). GFAP was higher in those with a CNS injury (4278 [11,653] pg/ml) compared with those without (116 [108] pg/ml; P < 0.001). The mean NF-L, GFAP, and tau over time in patients stratified by the three thresholds of absolute change of PaCO2 showed no differences and had no significant interaction for time.

Conclusions
Although rapid decreases in PaCO2 following initiation of VV-ECMO were slightly greater in patients who had CNS injuries versus those without, data overlap and absence of relationships between PaCO2 and brain biomarkers suggests other pathophysiologic variables are likely at play.
Twitter’s pulse on hydrogen energy in 280 characters: a data perspective
Authors: Uniyal Deepak , Nayak Richi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Uncovering the public discourse on hydrogen energy is essential for understanding public behaviour and the evolving nature of conversations over time and across different regions. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of a large multilingual dataset pertaining to hydrogen energy collected from Twitter spanning a decade (2013–2022) using selected keywords. The analysis aims to explore various aspects, including the temporal and spatial dimensions of the discourse, factors influencing Twitter engagement, user engagement patterns, and the interpretation of conversations through hashtags and ngrams. By delving into these aspects, this study offers valuable insights into the dynamics of public discourse surrounding hydrogen energy and the perceptions of social media users.
Numerical Modeling for Collapse Analysis of Cable-Stayed Bridges using the Improved Applied Element Method
Authors: Abdelaziz Mohamed Magdi , El-Ghazaly Hany Ahmed , Gomaa Mohamed Sayed 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis work presents a novel numerical simulation of the collapse process of cable-stayed bridges based on the improved applied element method, which was originally developed as an effective numerical tool for large-scale framed structures under severe loading circumstances. For that, a straight spring element type is utilized for modeling the stay-cable with an equivalent modulus of elasticity that combines the effects of material and geometric deformation of the bridge cables. Moreover, the advantage of the multi-layered element type, which allows for the modeling of various rectangular or non-rectangular RC and composite sections without any complications, is utilized for modeling the pylon and the deck. The pretension forces in the cables are applied by adding an initial loading procedure in which the stay-cable is exposed to an initial strain to consider the effect of prestressing. The mass matrix is modified to include the stay-cable mass, which is lumped at the centroid of the elements connected by the stay-cable. The proposed modeling approach takes material and geometric nonlinearities into account for both the multi-layered element and the stay-cable. Verification examples are provided to examine the capability of the model. The comparison between the results of the proposed modeling technique and the finite element results has shown good agreement, highlighting the reliability of the proposed modeling technique. In addition, the developed tool is used to carry out collapse analysis of a cable-stayed bridge under a cable-loss scenario to examine the capability of the proposed technique.
Lattice Boltzmann Method Simulation of Nanofluid Natural Convection Heat Transfer in a Square Cavity with Constant Heat Flux at Walls
Authors: Khalili Reza , Tavousi Ebrahim , Kazerooni Reza Bahoosh , Noghrehabadi Aminreza , Taheripour Sara 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, for the first time, a nanofluid's natural convection heat transfer in a two-dimensional square cavity has been numerically investigated by use of the lattice Boltzmann method with the constant heat flux boundary condition. The horizontal walls of the cavity are insulated, and the vertical walls are kept at a constant heat flux. The diameters of the nanoparticles inside the cavity are the same and have a homogeneous distribution, and there is no chemical reaction between the particles. The flow is also assumed to be the steady state and two-dimensional. Constant temperature, streamlines, velocity, and average Nusselt have been investigated for different nanoparticle volume fractions and Rayleigh numbers. The results showed that the lattice Boltzmann method efficiently analyzes the natural heat transfer of nanofluids; moreover, by use of nanofluid in the cavity increases the heat transfer rate. With the increase in the nanoparticle volume fraction, the average Nusselt number on the right wall of the cavity increased. For a volume fraction of 20% with Grashof number 105, the average Nusselt number increased by almost 50% compared to the base fluid at the same Grashof number. It has been observed that as the volume fraction of nanoparticles in the fluid increases, the fluid’s viscosity also increases; consequently, the velocity of the fluid is found to decrease.
Photographer-guided attributes for underwater image aesthetics
Authors: Emberton Simon , Simons Christopher 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAutomated aesthetic assessment of photographs is an active research area with applications in image editing and retrieval. There are many suggestions on the various factors of importance in making an image ‘good’ or ‘aesthetically pleasing’. However, there is no consensus in the literature on a definitive set of attributes that contribute to image aesthetics for underwater images, which include features specific to an aquatic environment. In this research we interview underwater photographers and apply thematic analysis to their responses with the aim of determining which attributes are important for an aesthetically-pleasing underwater image. The results define a set of nine key attributes (i.e. Aesthetics, Aquatic features, Colour, Composition, Image precision, Lighting, Novelty, Subject(s), and Technical competence). These findings will guide future work in automated assessment of underwater image aesthetics.