bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Antibacterial Activity using Environmental Friendly Ferrite Nanoparticles
Authors: Sathish M. , Sathana V. , Venkatesan A. , Amalraj S. David , Gaspar Anand , Julie M. Maria , Jayaprakash Jayabalan 
Published: January 2024

A comparison studies of two unique bimetallic spinel ferrite nanoparticles synthesized by the sol-gel process, namely Co-NiFe2O4 andCu-ZnFe2O4 were investigated. Various characterization approaches were utilized to examine the structural, morphological, magnetic and electrical characteristics of the nanoparticles. Both Co-NiFe2O4 and Cu-ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles formed single-phase spinel structures, according to X-ray diffraction (XRD) research whereas FTIR spectra provided information about the vibrational modes and chemical bonding within the nanoparticles confirmed the presence of desired metal-oxygen bonds chemical bonding within the nanoparticles. The UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed the optical absorption properties of the nanoparticles indicating the presence of energy bandgaps in the visible range. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images suggested the uniform and well-dispersed nanoparticles with average sizes in the nanoscale range. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) measurements demonstrated that both Co-NiFe2O4 and Cu-ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles exhibited ferromagnetic behaviour at room temperature. The saturation magnetization values were found to be higher for Co-NiFe2O4 nanoparticles compared to Cu-ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles, suggesting the superior magnetic properties of the former. As a result, ferrites demonstrate promise in industrial wastewater treatment, facilitating efficient heavy metal removal and advanced organic pollutant degradation, contributing to a sustainable and effective solution. The antibacterial efficacy of synthesized bimetallic ferrite nanoparticles against Salmonell typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphyloccus aureus, Bacillus cereus proves that the synthesized ferrite nanoparticles possess a good antibacterial activity against the selected pathogens.
Impact of Al3+ Ions Incorporation on the Enhancement of Optical and Electrical Properties of Cadmium Oxalate Crystals
Authors: Ganavi A S , Jagannatha N , Nagaraja K P , D'Souza Delma , Rohith P S 
Published: January 2024

Aluminium (impurity ion) incorporated cadmium oxalate (ACO) crystals were grown in a silica hydrogel media by diffusion technique. ACO crystals emerged with the dimension 6´2´1.5 mm3 at the optimizing parameters of gel pH 4.2, gel density 1.01 g cm-3, SMS: oxalic acid of 5:4 and supernatant mixture at an equal ratio (1:1). Further, the extracted crystals were analyzed by employing Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric (TG) studies. EDAX measurements confirmed the presence of cations at the ratio Cd2+:Al3+= 65.67:1. FTIR spectra identified O-H, C-C, C-O, C=O and M-O bonds in the crystal armature. TG analysis showed two decomposition phases of foregrounded crystals with thermal stability up to 1076.79 oC in the metal oxide state with minimum change in entropy (∆S = -266.95 J mol-1 K-1). ACO crystal crystallized in a triclinic system. The optical and electrical behaviors of ACO crystals were compared with pure cadmium oxalate crystals. ACO crystals showed complete transparency to visible light and maximum absorption in the UV region like pure/parent crystals but the energy gap was reduced to 5.90 eV. The leakage resistance of ACO crystals was also reduced to 6.583 GΩ and the electrical conductivity coefficient was enhanced to 0.152 S m-1 oC-1 from parent cadmium oxalate crystals.
Bite Force Measurement in Children with Primary Dentition
Authors: Rajika Karunakaran  , Sharan S. Sargod  , Reshma Suvarna  , Sham S. Bhat  , Sundeep Hedge  , Afreen Salman  , Shailesh Ramdas Shenoy  
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
This study intended to compute the maximum bite force in the primary dentition of the young children (3-6 years old) and examine the possible influences of caries, malocclusions (such as crossbite and bruxism), and other factors on maximum bite force. We wanted to ascertain the extent of biting forces in young children's primary dentition, aged three to six, and examine the impact of several factors, including the subjects' gender, caries, crossbite, and bruxism, on the maximum bite force in this study.
METHODS
Children within the age group of 3-6 years were selected from nearby schools. A dental examination was done for caries and malocclusion. The subjects were asked to bite on the unit consisting of a force sensor wedged between wooden sticks wrapped in a polyethylene sheet, 3 times on each side (posteriors) and on anterior teeth with maximum bite force and then the mean value was taken.
RESULTS
502 subjects between the age group of 3-6 years were included in the study. The levels of bite force recorded showed that there was a significant difference in all three teeth standardized for the bite force measurement in the four groups included (p<0.001). The maximum bite force of the posterior teeth was 351.5N seen in the control group, in the caries group (281.7N), crossbite (181.1N), and bruxism (250.2N).
CONCLUSIONS
Bite forces in primary dentition showed comparatively wide intra- and inter-individual variation. For both boys and girls, there was no discernible variation in the maximal bite force, however maximum bite force in children with caries and bruxism had significant differences compared to the control group. No significant difference in bite forces was seen in children having crossbite and non-crossbite sides.
Population dynamic study of two prey one predator system with disease in first prey using fuzzy impulsive control
Authors: Singh Khushbu , Kolla Kaladhar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The prey-predator model provides a mathematical framework for understanding the population dynamics of interacting species, highlighting the delicate balance between predator and prey populations in ecological systems. The four-species predator-prey model extends the Lotka-Volterra framework to explore the dynamics of ecosystems with multiple interacting species. It provides a theoretical foundation for understanding how the populations of multiple prey and predator species influence each other over time. Apart from the traditional methods like direct approach for solving the non-linear system of equations, recent Fuzzy method approaches have been developed. The solution of non-linear systems using classical methods is not easy due to its non-linearity, analytical complexity, chaotic behavior, etc. and the T-S method is very much effective to analyze the non-linear models.

Methods
In this study, we considered an eco-epidemic model with two populations of prey and one population of predator, with the only infectious disease infecting the first prey population. The four-dimensional Lotka-Volterra predator-prey system’s model stability has been examined using the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) impulsive control model and the Fuzzy impulsive control model. Following the formulation of the model, the global stability and the Fuzzy solution are carried out through numerical simulations and graphical representations with appropriate discussion for a better understanding the dynamics of our proposed model.

Results
The Takagi-Sugeno method has diverse applications in modeling, control, pattern recognition, and decision-making in systems where uncertainty and non-linearity play a significant role. Its ability to combine fuzzy logic with traditional mathematical models provides a powerful tool for addressing complex real-world problems.

Conclusions
The impulse control approach, what is considered within the foundation of fuzzy systems established on T-S model, is found to be suitable for extremely complex and non-linear systems with impulse effects.
Illuminating the Impacts of Contextual Diversity on L2 Writing Proficiency: A Corpus-Based Analysis in the Measures of Linguistic Complexity
Authors: Estaji Masoomeh , Ghoddousi Arya 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The present study attempted to investigate the writing proficiency differences between the two groups of EFL and ESL writers considering the lexical, syntactic, and morphological complexity measures. Additionally, it aimed to disclose the association between writing proficiency and the utilization of the New General Service List (NGSL). To these ends, a corpus of 1331 argumentative essays accumulated from EFL and ESL writers on a single topic was examined. The findings of the analysis in the measures of linguistic complexity showed that the writings of the ESL group scored slightly higher than those of the EFL group in every corresponding sub-construct; that is, ESL writers were found moderately more proficient than EFL writers concerning the lexical, syntactic, and morphological complexity of their writings. However, the outcomes showed that EFL writers utilized more NGSL words in their essays, leading to the consideration that NGSL use may be negatively associated with proficiency levels. Hence, contextual diversity leads to distinct levels of proficiency, and lexical coverage can be considered a great indicator of writing skill and quality.
Investigations of the mixing efficiency of five novel micromixer designs with backward arrow inlet using the Villermaux Dushman protocol
Authors: Safo Kingsley , Anani Joshua , El-Shazly Ahmed H 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study explores and analyzes the mixing efficiency of five innovative micromixers, each featuring serpentine microchannels, through comprehensive experimentation. The mixing experiments were conducted on micromixers with distinct shapes: backward arrow, loop, square, circular, and box waves, all equipped with backward arrow-shaped inlets, using the Villermaux–Dushman protocol. The assessment of mixing performance was carried out across a range of Reynolds numbers (Re) from 100 to 700, accompanied by varying pressure drop measurements. The efficiency of mixing was determined using ultraviolet spectrophotometry to measure the absorbance values and times for mixed fluids from the five micromixers. At Re values greater than 100, the mixing performance ranked as follows: Square-wave > Circular-wave > Box-wave > Loop-wave > Backward Arrow-shaped micromixers. Factors such as repeated perturbations, the presence of crests and troughs, the angle of the channels, and the split and recombination effects played significant roles in these outcomes. With increasing Re from 100 to 700, we observed progressive and consistent results across all microchannels. Remarkably, at a broad range of Reynolds numbers, the five micromixers demonstrated superior mixing performance compared to designs based on unbalanced split and collisions, achieving an impressive mixing efficiency of over 93 %, while keeping the pressure drop under 80 kPa. This pressure drop range is suitable for a variety of lab-on-a-chip and micro-total analysis systems. Furthermore, the experimental results show that the mixing performance of microfluidic systems can be improved by incorporating the presented design method of microchannel shapes, especially the Square-wave.
Flow quality improvement of the wind tunnel testing for a highly-loaded compressor cascade at high incidence
Authors: Cai Ming , Gao Limin , Li Haoxue , Ou Yangbo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
To obtain reliable and accurate experimental data in cascade testing, the influencing factors and the improving method of the flow quality of a highly-loaded compressor cascade under high incidence were investigated through a series of numerical simulations and experiments. The numerical method was validated by experimental data and agreed well at both incidence angles of 0° and 6°. Under the original upper end wall, both experimental and numerical results indicated an unsatisfactory flow quality of the cascade with an obvious nonuniformity of inlet Mach number, and the incidence of the central blade is 3.6° larger than the theoretical value. Using a small curved upper wall can reduce the severe flow separation on the upper wall and achieve a maximum improvement in flow quality under the critical installation angle, where the incidence deviation of the central blade was reduced to 2.1°. Using the combination of adjustable tailboards and a small curved upper end wall can further improve the cascade flow quality. Under the optimal angle of the tailboards, both the inflow uniformity and the outflow periodicity of the three middle blade passages the test requirements, and the incidence deviation of the central blade is reduced to 0.2°.
Analysis on impulse characteristics of pulse detonation engine with nozzles
Authors: Huang Xiao-long , Li Ning , Kang Yang , Wang Hui , Weng Chun-sheng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In order to study the influence of different nozzle configurations on the gas–liquid two-phase pulse detonation engine (PDE) propulsion performance, the measurement system based on the tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) technology is built to measure the velocity and the temperature, while the high frequency dynamic pressure sensor is used to measure the nozzle gas pressure. Based on the momentum principle, the contribution mechanism of unsteady gas jet on thrust is obtained indirectly by TDLAS data. The results show that the impulses of PDE with non-nozzle, convergent nozzle, divergent nozzle and convergent–divergent nozzle are 1.95, 2.08, 1.85 and 2.16 N∙s within 20 ms of the exhaust period, respectively. The analysis reveals that the impulses of PDE with convergent and convergent–divergent nozzles are larger than that with non-nozzle, while the impulse of PDE with divergent nozzle is smaller than that with non-nozzle. The research results in this paper can provide reference for the design of nozzles for PDE.
Numerical investigation of flow control in low-pressure turbine cascade using Gurney Flaps
Authors: Agrawal Mohan , Verma Jai Bhan , Joshi Ganapati N. , Chandel Sunil , Prakash Ved , Mishra Ranjan Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper reports the numerical investigations to analyze the effect of the application of Gurney Flaps on various configurations in a Low-Pressure Turbine (LPT) cascade in mitigating the laminar flow separation during low Reynolds number operations. T106 LPT blade of chord 60 mm has been selected for the present study. Gurney Flaps of flat type and quarter round type of a particular height of the chord length are selected. Flaps are provided near the blades’ trailing edges for numerical analysis. The numerical computations are performed using STARCCM+ software, and the K-ω SST turbulence Model is used for turbulence closure. The studies are performed at various Reynolds numbers ranging from 37,500 to 138,750 to understand the application of various configurations of Gurney Flap vis a vis turbine blade without Gurney Flap. Performance parameters such as lift coefficient, drag coefficient, aerodynamic efficiency, and static pressure distributions over the blade surface are used to analyse the alterations in the performance of aerodynamic characteristics of the LPT Blade. All the Gurney Flap configurations improved the overall blade aerodynamics. Among these configurations, the flat Gurney Flap configuration is found to be superior as it improves the aerodynamic efficiency of the blade.
Identification of gelodok fish (Perciformes, Gobiidae) in a coastal mangrove ecosystem, based on morphological and molecular characteristics
Authors: Baderan D. W. K. , Aydalina R. V. , Hamidun M. S. , Panti N. V. 
Published: January 2024

Gelodok fish (mudskippers) are a subfamily of amphibian fish commonly found living in mangrove ecosystems, one of which is in Tabongo Village, Dulupi District, Boalemo Regency, Gorontalo Province. It is difficult to distinguish between species of this fish because they have very similar characteristics. This study aims to (1) determine the detailed morphological characteristics that distinguish gelodok fish species; and (2) determine the molecular characteristics of gelodok fish species found in coastal mangrove ecosystem of Tomini Bay, Tabongo Village, Boalemo Regency, Gorontalo. This research was conducted from 2022 to 2023 using purposive sampling method. Morphological characteristics were performed for 39 characters. Geometric-morphometric analysis was performed using ImageJ software with 10 land marks. Amplification of COI sequences was carried out with F1R1 and F2R2 primers. Based on morphological characteristics, it is known that two species of gelodok fish are found in the area, namely Periophthalmus argentilineatus and P. malaccensis. COI sequencing results of the samples confirmed one species of gelodok fish found in the area, namely P. argentilineatus. The other species cannot be definitively identified as P. malaccensis due to the absence of COI sequences for that species in GeneBank.
Role of GPR81 in regulating intramuscular triglyceride storage during aerobic exercise in rats
Authors: Ni Yihan , Lai Xiangdeng , Li Lin , Sun Jingquan , Qu Yaqian , Chen Siyu , Zhang Hao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLactate, a metabolite of exercise, plays a crucial role in the body. In these studies, we aimed to investigate the role of G protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81), a specific receptor for lactate, in regulating lipid storage in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats. To achieve this, we measured the impact of sodium 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OBA) concentration and time on the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway in the gastrocnemius muscles of rats. Our investigation involved determining the effects of administering 3-OBA at a concentration of 3 mmol L−1 just 15 min before exercise. As expected, exercise led to a notable increase in intramuscular lactate concentration in rats. However, injecting 3-OBA prior to exercise yielded intriguing results. It not only further augmented the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway but also boosted the expression of lipolysis-related proteins such as hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Simultaneously, it decreased the expression of fat-synthesizing proteins, including acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), while increasing the protein expression of cytochrome c oxidase subunit Ⅳ(COX Ⅳ) and the activity of citrate synthetase (CS). Unfortunately, there was no significant change observed in intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) content. In summary, our findings shed light on the role of lactate in partially regulating intramuscular triglycerides during exercise.
thermal electrical overheating. A physicochemical perspective of the electrical warming
Authors: Cárdenas Estrada Dorimdo Elam , Gracia Villar Santos , Fernández Diez Federico , Dzul Luis Alonso 
Published: January 2024

The present article exposes the actual behaviors observed after five years of investigation, experimentation and modeling, with electrical conductors that had a fault by high thermal conduction, with the principal purpose of producing a contribution that could be added to the existing regulations for the selection of wiring of electrical projects in low voltage. Till now, the experiments realized with electrical in amed conductors, in most cases are focused to trying to determine if the electric conductor was ignited by electric arch or if it was a victim of the fire, by means of physicochemical tests with the remains of the conductor. When we consider factors like the intensity of current, type of installation, environmental temperature, heat sources nearby conductors, conditions of overload, and the transverse effective section of conduction after consider skin effect and turns of cable, the selection of a suitable conductor becomes a difficult decision. All these factors are considered separately in Spanish norms as in international norms; despising in many cases some conditions that may be important cause of fault. Presented model is result of experimentation and a global analysis that takes care of all these factors simultaneously, after the review of conclusions of the most relevant chemical and physical investigations.
Microbial Prevalence and Outcome of Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Patient’s Candidates for Minor Surgical Interventions
Authors: Rafiq Sangar , Barawi Omer , Jaff Hamid , Hawez Dahat 
Published: January 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a progressive disease with chronic complications such as diabetic foot infection, a significant difficulty that inevitably leads to gangrene and amputations.

Objective: This study aims to determine microbial prevalence in diabetic foot infections, identify the significance of aggressive surgical therapy and minor amputations in limb salvage and the prevention of more proximal amputations, and identify predicting factors affecting the outcome of these surgical processes.

Methods: In this cohort study, microbiological samples were collected from 62 patients with diabetic foot lesions who underwent debridement or minor amputations to determine the prevalence of microorganisms in diabetic foot infections. Then, they were followed up to determine the rate of saved limbs and the factors that affect the outcomes and rate of complications.

Results: infections were mainly caused by aerobic Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) 53.5%, and aerobic Gram-negative bacteria of enterobacter species 40.4%. Regarding the outcome of surgical intervention, we found an 80.65% success rate of saving the limb with a 30.6% complication rate. Risk factors such as high levels of inflammatory markers and parameters of the severity of peripheral arterial disease showed significant association with the rate of complications and poor outcomes.

Conclusions: Debridement and minor surgical amputations effectively prevent more proximal amputations in diabetic foot infections with a high chance of good results. At the same time, the common microorganism in our local population was S. aureus, followed by P. mirabilis, E. coli, and Klebsiella species in diabetic foot infections.
Circulating prolactin levels in newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients
Authors: Sabah Hawar , Mohammed Dereen 
Published: January 2024

Objective: the main aim of this study was to assess the role of prolactin in prostate cancer using modern immunoassay methods. Prolactin assays in the past were subject to pitfalls from hook effect and macroprolactinemia; only few previous studies accounted for these pitfalls, therefore and to obtain accurate results, we thought to measure prolactin with modified modern methods. This study also investigated the association of serum prolactin levels with prostate specific antigen and selected steroid and pituitary hormones in prostate cancer patients.

Subjects and Methods: serum was withdrawn from newly pretreated 50 prostate cancer patients and 30 controls. The following parameters were studied using Roche-immunoassay analyzers: prolactin, total (PSA), total testosterone, free testosterone, (SHBG), (DHEA), (E2), progesterone, (FSH), (LH) and albumin; to account for macroprolactinemia, serum samples were pretreated with poly ethylene glycol 6000. SPSS statistical software used to perform students’ t test and Pearson’s correlation for association studies. P value of < 0.05 was considered significant throughout the study.

Results: 64% of prostate cancer patients had normal prolactin levels (10.04 ±0.039ng/ml), 22% had raised serum prolactin and had 14% low prolactin levels, the difference in prolactin levels between prostate cancer and control group was not significant. Mean PSA levels were ((234.087 ± 522.695ng/ml) in prostate cancer patients, which was significantly higher in the prostate cancer group when compared to the control group (1.25 ± 1.39ng/ml), P ≤ 0.01. Prolactin was not associated with PSA levels or with any of the sex and pituitary hormones studied.

Conclusions: although the majority of prostate cancer patients had normal serum prolactin levels, 22% of the study participants had hyperprolactinemia, patients with higher serum prolactin levels had high Gleason score of 9 or higher and were at stage four, indicating a possible role of higher circulating prolactin at advanced cancer stages.