bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of fungicides for the control of carrot cavity spot
Authors: Martinez Carole , Lévesque C André , Bélanger Richard R , Tweddell Russell J 
Published: May 2005

AbstractCavity spot is one of the most common and serious diseases of carrot (Daucus carota L). The disease, caused by different species of Pythium, including P violae Chesters & Hickman, P sulcatum Pratt & Mitchell and P sylvaticum Campbell & Hendrix, leads to frequent high rejection rates during grading worldwide. In the area of the city of Québec, the disease is caused mainly by P sulcatum, P sylvaticum and P macrosporum Vaartaja & van der Plaats‐Niterink. Cavity spot can be controlled with metalaxyl, but reports are emerging that this treatment show little or no efficacy in many regions. This situation reinforces the need for alternative fungicides. The objectives of the present study were: (1) to determine the sensitivity of 14 pathogenic isolates of P sulcatum, P sylvaticum and P macrosporum collected from carrots produced in the area of the city of Québec to different broad‐spectrum and oomycete‐specific fungicides (chlorothalonil, etridiazole, fludioxonil, fosetyl‐Al, metalaxyl, zoxamide), (2) to evaluate the efficacy of the fungicides in controlling cavity spot, and (3) to evaluate the risk of resistance development of isolates with the best‐performing fungicide(s). The determination of EC50 for the fungicides tested showed that most isolates were highly sensitive to both metalaxyl and zoxamide but insensitive to fludioxonil, fosetyl‐Al and chlorothalonil. In greenhouse assays, only zoxamide provided significant and consistent disease control as measured by the number of cavity spot lesions caused by P sulcatum. Investigations into the risk of resistance development to zoxamide showed that, for specific isolates, repeated exposure to the fungicide resulted in a loss of sensitivity. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Rainfastness and adsorption of herbicides on hard surfaces
Authors: Spanoghe Pieter , Claeys Johan , Pinoy Luc , Steurbaut Walter 
Published: May 2005

AbstractHerbicides are still used to control weeds on hard surfaces, including municipal, private and industrial sites. Used under unfavourable conditions, especially when rain occurs shortly after application, herbicides may run off to surface waters. Such losses of herbicides from hard surfaces are estimated to be much higher than for herbicides used in arable fields. In this study, three kinds of hard surface were evaluated: asphalt, concrete surface and gravel (fine and coarse). Three herbicides were applied: glyphosate, diuron and diflufenican. Adsorption isotherms of diuron and diflufenican to the three surfaces were determined. At different times after treatment with the herbicides, rainfall was simulated by use of a rain‐droplet spray nozzle, and the run‐off was collected for analysis. After this run‐off event, the materials were immersed in water to measure desorption which, together with the compound in the run‐off, gave a measure of the dislodgable residues. The apolar herbicides diuron and especially diflufenican adsorbed strongly to asphalt. The polar herbicide glyphosate lost 75% in run‐off from asphalt but was adsorbed strongly to soil and concrete pavement. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Afterglow energy transfer in Cd3Al2Ge3O12:Dy
Authors: Liu Zhengwei , Liu L. Yingliang 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA new phosphor Cd3Al2Ge3O12:Dy was synthesized by a traditional solid‐state reaction method. The luminescent properties and thermoluminescence curves were investigated and energy transfer from the host to Dy3+ was observed after the UV light was shut. The duration can reach about 1 h in the light perception of dark‐adapted human eyes (0.32 mcd/m2). (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High‐temperature anomalies in resistivity and thermoelectric power of thick‐film resistors and their conduction mechanism
Authors: Abdurakhmanov G. , Abdurakhmanova N. G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractResistivity ρ and thermoelectric power S of RuO2‐based thick‐film resistors were measured in tempera‐ ture range T = 77–1100 K. Sharp maxima of ρ and S occur at 1000 K. ρ = 7.5 × 103 Ω cm and S = +90 μV/K at the maxima, while ρ = 2.5 × 103 Ω cm and S = +10 μV/K at room temperature. Thermoelectric power becomes negative at temperatures in the range 700–800 K and 1000–1070 K. It is assumed that the peculiarities of ρ and S are caused by structural changes in compounds of the lead‐silicate glass used in the thick‐film resistors. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mechanically driven nanocrystallization of amorphous Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 alloy induced by high‐energy ball milling
Authors: Lu Wei , Yang Lei , Yan Biao , Huang Wen‐hai 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe mechanically driven nanocrystallization of amorphous Finemet alloy caused by high‐energy ball milling was investigated by XRD, DSC and TEM techniques. A structural relaxation occurred in the amorphous Finemet alloy after milling for 0.5–2 h. Further milling for more than 3.5 h, uniformly and randomly distributed nanocrystalline α‐Fe with grain size from ∼2 nm to ∼5 nm formed. The kinetics of the mechanical nanocrystallization of amorphous Finemet alloy was described by JMA model with the Avrami exponent n = 1.55, which indicates a zero‐nucleation rate and grain growth in all shapes from very small dimensions. In addition, the mechanical crystallization of amorphous Finemet alloys is mainly due to the severe deformation and local temperature rise during ball milling. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spatially resolved thermoreflectance study of facet temperature in quantum cascade lasers
Authors: Wawer D. , Ochalski T. J. , Piwoński T. , Wójcik‐Jedlińska A. , Bugajski M. , Page H. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn the present work, we use spatially resolved thermoreflectance (SR TR) to measure temperature distribution over the facet of pulsed operated quantum cascade lasers. The laser beam probes the change in the refractive index caused by current‐induced heating of working device. The technique has a spatial resolution of about ∼1 μm and temperature resolution better than 1 K. It gives an insight into distribution and relative importance of heat sources within the laser. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electroreflectance and photoreflectance studies of AlGaN/GaN heterostructure with a QW placed inside AlGaN layer
Authors: Drabińska Aneta , Pakuła Krzysztof , Baranowski Jacek M. , Frymak Ilona 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPhotoreflectance and electroreflectance spectroscopies are used for characterization of a AlGaN/GaN heterostructure with a QW. Analysis of Franz–Keldysh oscillations in AlGaN and GaN layers allow calculation of the electric‐field dependence on bias in these layers. It was possible to obtain the concentration of charge localized in the QW and the polarization charge located at the AlGaN/GaN interface. The piezoelectric polarization was calculated using the lattice constants obtained from X‐ray diffraction. Combining this with the electroreflectance results allowed the difference of spontaneous polarization between AlGaN and GaN layers to be obtained. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Clinical trials update from the American College of Cardiology meeting: CARE‐HF and the Remission of Heart Failure, Women's Health Study, TNT, COMPASS‐HF, VERITAS, CANPAP, PEECH and PREMIER
Authors: Cleland John G.F. , Coletta Alison P. , Freemantle Nick , Velavan Periaswamy , Tin Lwin , Clark Andrew L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis article provides information and a commentary on landmark trials presented at the American College of Cardiology meeting held in March 2005, relevant to the pathophysiology, prevention and treatment of heart failure. All reports should be considered as preliminary data, as analyses may change in the final publication. CARE‐HF showed that Cardiac Re‐synchronisation Therapy, administered in addition to expert pharmacological management, reduced all cause mortality and CV hospitalisation in patients with moderate or severe heart failure and cardiac dyssynchrony. The Women's Health Study showed no benefit of vitamin E supplementation or aspirin in the primary prevention of CV disease. The TNT study showed that reducing LDL cholesterol to levels lower than currently recommended, produced a 22% reduction in the incidence of major cardiovascular events. In COMPASS, an implantable device that continuously monitors intra‐cardiac pressures was shown to be safe and to improve care in patients with chronic heart failure. Tezosentan failed to show benefit in patients with acute heart failure in the VERITAS study. The CANPAP study failed to show a benefit of continuous positive airway pressure on mortality and heart transplantation in heart failure patients with central sleep apnoea. EECP therapy improved exercise capacity but had no effect on peak VO2 in heart failure patients in the PEECH study. In the PREMIER study the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor PG‐116800 failed to prevent LV remodelling following myocardial infarction.
Skin lesions in children with tuberous sclerosis complex: their prevalence, natural course, and diagnostic significance
Authors: Józ°wiak Sergiusz , Schwartz Robert A.. , Janniger Camila Krysicka , Michałowicz Roman , Chmielik Jolanta 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackground Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by widespread cutaneous and visceral hamartomas.Methods The prevalence of cutaneous lesions in 106 children with TSC (47 boys and59 girls) aged 1 month–18 years was evaluated from 1984 to 1995. Assessing the diagnostic usefulness of each National Tuberous Sclerosis Association skin criterion was an aim of this study.Results Hypopigmented macules were the most frequent finding, seen in 103 of 106 children (97.2%). In 66 children they were evident at birth, and in 20 others their presentation was delayed until the first months of age. Facial angiofibromas were seen next most often (79 of 103, 74.5%), followed by a shagreen patch in 51 of 103 (48.1%),“café‐au‐lait” macules in 30 of 103 (28.3%), molluscum fibrosum pendulum (24 of 103, 22.6%), a forehead fibrous plaque (20 of 103, 18.9%), periungual fibromas (16 of 103, 15.1%) and “confetti‐like” macules (3 of 103, 2.8%). The hypomelanotic macules were seen within the first 2 years of life in 95 children, as were cafe‐au‐lait spots in 24, facial angiofibromas in eight, shagreen patches in six, and forehead fibrous plaques in six, whereas molluscum pendulum and periungual fibromas were not evident. Seizures were seen in 102 of 106 children (98%), with 80 (75%) occurring during the first year of life.Conclusions Hypomelanotic macules were the overwhelmingly most common early finding in TSC. Infants with seizures or other possible stigmata of TSC should be carefully evaluated for these hypomelanotic macules, as well as for other associated findings.
Brain parenchymal damage after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe sickle cell disease
Authors: Woodard Paul , Helton Kathleen J. , Khan Raja B. , Hale Gregory A. , Phipps Sean , Wang Winfred , Handgretinger Rupert , Cunningham John M. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryProspective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), neuropsychological testing and neurological examinations were performed to determine the long‐term effect of successful haematopoietic stem cell transplantation on the neurological status of nine children with sickle cell disease. A scoring system for severity of brain parenchymal and vascular lesions was developed and applied. Neurological examinations and neuropsychometric tests were stable, but MRI and MRA studies were not. Transient changes occurred early in two patients. Persistent changes occurred in five. Parenchymal lesions occurred in zero of two patients without prior lacunae or infarcts and in all seven with prior lacunae or infarcts (P = 0·0278).
Parenting stress in mothers of children with an intellectual disability: the effects of parental cognitions in relation to child characteristics and family support
Authors: Hassall R. , Rose J. , McDonald J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackground  Recent theories of stress and coping in parents of children with intellectual disabilities (ID) emphasize the importance of cognitive appraisals in influencing parents’ levels of stress and their adaptations to difficulties presented by the children. This study investigated the relationships between parental cognitions, child characteristics, family support and parenting stress. The aspects of cognitions studied were: parenting self‐esteem (including efficacy and satisfaction) and parental locus of control.Methods  The group studied consisted of 46 mothers of children with ID. The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales and Maladaptive Behavior Domain were administered by interview. Mothers also completed four questionnaires: the Family Support Scale, the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, a shortened form of the Parental Locus of Control Scale and the Parenting Stress Index (Short Form).Results  Data were analysed using Pearson's correlation coefficients, partial correlations and a regression analysis. The results indicated that most of the variance in parenting stress was explained by parental locus of control, parenting satisfaction and child behaviour difficulties. Whilst there was also a strong correlation between family support and parenting stress, this was mediated by parental locus of control.Conclusions  The results demonstrate the potential importance of parental cognitions in influencing parental stress levels. It is argued that these results have implications for clinical interventions for promoting parents’ coping strategies in managing children with ID and behavioural difficulties.
Leisure provision for persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities: quality time or killing time?
Authors: Zijlstra H. P. , Vlaskamp C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackground  Information on the duration, frequency and content of leisure activities for persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) in residential facilities during weekends was not available.Method  The project was carried out in 2003 and included seven facilities. Interviews were held with direct support professionals of 112 living units. Consequently, the actual leisure provision of 160 persons with PIMD was recorded over a period of four weekends. This study also investigated the relationship between setting characteristics and the distribution of the content, frequency and duration of leisure activities. Age and gender of persons with PIMD were under investigation.Results  A total mean of 3.8 h of leisure activities is provided for during the full weekend, almost half of which includes watching television or listening to music. Leisure activities are almost exclusively offered by professionals. Parents or volunteers only provide a minimum of activities during weekends. The results suggest that the leisure provision for persons with PIMD is severely restricted and not bound to any service provider in particular. Generally, with increasing age the leisure provision for persons with PIMD declines in number and in variety. No effect was found for gender.Conclusions  Leisure time for persons with PIMD contains more empty hours than quality time.
Repeatability of peak nasal inspiratory flow measurements and utility for assessing the severity of rhinitis
Authors: Starling‐Schwanz R. , Peake H. L. , Salome C. M. , Toelle B. G. , Ng K. W. , Marks G. B. , Lean M. L. , Rimmer S. J. 
Published: May 2005

Background:  The measurement of peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) provides a simple, cheap, fast and readily available tool for determining the extent of nasal airway patency. However, there are questions regarding its repeatability when used to assess the degree of nasal obstruction in large populations. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the repeatability of PNIF measurements and to assess their association with the signs and symptoms of rhinitis.Methods:  The PNIF, rhinitis symptoms, judged by Meltzer questionnaire and rhinitis signs, as determined by anterior rhinoscopy, were assessed in 283 adults representative of the general population. One training and two test PNIF measurements were recorded during the same session.Results:  The PNIF was highly reproducible (ICC = 0.92; 95% limits of agreement: ±36 l/min). The PNIF was strongly correlated with rhinitis signs, measured by anterior rhinoscopy (rs = −0.38, P < 0.0001) but was not correlated with rhinitis symptoms, measured by questionnaire (rs = −0.11, P = 0.057). Differences in PNIF for subjects categorized as asymptomatic, mild or moderate/severe on the basis of rhinitis signs, were highly significant (P < 0.0001), but less significant on the basis of rhinitis symptoms (P = 0.04). A PNIF cut‐off of 115 l/min had moderately high specificity (72%) and sensitivity (65%) and a high negative predictive value (90%) for moderate/severe signs of rhinitis.Conclusion:  In a large general population‐based sample of young adults, PNIF was highly reproducible and closely related to the signs of rhinitis, as determined by clinical examination. The PNIF provides information that is qualitatively different to that provided by symptom scores and may be useful to measure the extent of nasal obstruction.
Capillary electrophoresis for chimerism monitoring by PCR amplification of microsatellite markers after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Spyridonidis Alexandros , Zeiser Robert , Wäsch Ralph , Bertz Hartmut , Finke Jürgen 
Published: May 2005

Abstract:  Background:  Hematopoietic chimerism has been demonstrated to be relevant for donor cell engraftment and detection of minimal residual disease after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (aHCT). In the light of increasing numbers of non‐myeloablative aHCT as a treatment modality sensitive, rapid, and accurate chimerism monitoring techniques acquire novel relevance.Methods:  We evaluated the informativeness of five microsatellite markers in 376 donor/recipient pairs and evaluated the ability of capillary electrophoresis to detect mixed chimerism after aHCT. The sensitivity for capillary electrophoresis with respect to different markers was determined by limiting dilution assays with mixed chimerism samples containing defined amounts of cells or DNA. Furthermore, capillary electrophoresis was applied in 17 retrospectively selected patients with a mixed chimerism detected previously by gel electrophoresis, having undergone aHCT for different hematologic diseases and initially achieving a complete donor chimerism.Results:  In 163 of 165 (98%) of all related and 210 of 211 (99%) unrelated transplants the microsatellites identified informative alleles. The sensitivity and accuracy was higher with capillary electrophoresis when compared with gel electrophoresis with three of five microsatellites. Potential pitfalls with the application of capillary electrophoresis was preferential amplification and the occurrence of stutter peaks in the representative area. Investigation of the selected patient samples demonstrated that detection of a mixed chimerism was earlier with capillary electrophoresis when compared with gel electrophoresis. The detected recipient genotype by capillary electrophoresis examination, despite a negative gel electrophoresis result, ranged from 0.7 to 7.1%.Conclusions:  We conclude that chimerism assessment with our five microsatellites identified informative alleles in 99% of all donor/recipient pairs and may therefore be of use when establishing an institutional chimerism testing procedure. Capillary electrophoresis displayed a high sensitivity and accuracy for detecting a mixed chimerism in vitro and in vivo.
Blood glutathione as a marker of cardiac allograft vasculopathy in heart transplant recipients
Authors: Chiara Benedetta De , Bigi Riccardo , Campolo Jonica , Parolini Marina , Turazza Fabio , Masciocco Gabriella , Frigerio Maria , Fiorentini Cesare , Parodi Oberdan 
Published: May 2005

Abstract:  Background:  Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) limits survival after heart transplantation (HTx). Between immunologic and non‐immunologic factors, reactive oxygen species generation has been proposed as pathogenetic mechanism. This study was aimed at evaluating redox status in HTx recipients and verifying whether it could be independently associated with CAV.Methods:  Fifty‐five consecutive male HTx recipients, median [interquartile range] age 60 yr [50, 64], underwent angiography 67 months [21, 97] after HTx to assess CAV, defined as significant stenosis in ≥1 epicardial vessel or any distal vessel attenuation. All patients underwent blood sampling 89 months [67, 119] after HTx for biochemical (glucose, creatinine, total and LDL cholesterol, and cyclosporin levels) and redox evaluation [plasma reduced and total homocysteine, cysteine, cysteinylglycine, glutathione, blood reduced glutathione (GSHbl) and vitamin E]. Univariate Odds Ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI, highest vs. lowest quartile) were estimated on the basis of a logistic regression analysis between clinical, conventional biochemical and redox data. Only the significant variables at univariate entered into multivariate analysis.Results:  CAV was documented in 15 (27%) patients. Univariate analysis showed that time from HTx to angiography (OR 3.97, 95% CI 1.15–14, p = 0.03) and GSHbl (OR 0.31, 95% CI: 0.14–0.70, p = 0.005) were significantly associated with CAV. However, multivariate analysis revealed GSHbl as the only independent predictor of CAV (OR 0.31, 95% CI: 0.13–0.74, p = 0.008).Conclusions:  In HTx recipients reduced levels of GSHbl are independently associated with CAV. Given its potent intracellular scavenger properties, GSHbl may serve as a marker of antioxidant defence consumption, favouring CAV development.
Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia antibody and the pathogenesis of thrombotic microangiopathy after stem cell transplantation
Authors: Takatsuka Hiroyuki , Nakajima Toshiyuki , Nomura Kaori , Wakae Takeshi , Toda Akinari , Itoi Hisayuki , Okada Masaya , Misawa Mahito , Hara Hiroshi 
Published: May 2005

Abstract:  Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) that occurs after stem cell transplantation (SCT) is generally regarded as being different from thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), because it is reportedly not associated with deficiency of von Willebrand factor‐cleaving protease, whereas this enzyme is deficient in TTP. However, better understanding of the pathogenesis of this condition is still required. Accordingly, we investigated the relationship between TMA occurring after SCT and heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), a condition related to low‐dosed heparin therapy that features thrombocytopenia and generalized thrombotic disorders. Thirty‐nine consecutive patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation were divided into a TMA group and a non‐microangiopathy group (10 and 29 patients, respectively). Before SCT, the serum platelet factor 4 (PF4) levels of the TMA and non‐microangiopathy groups were 0.123 ± 0.023 and 0.132 ± 0.025, respectively (p = NS). One week after recovery of the white blood cell count following transplantation, the TMA group (0.2902 ± 0.0678) had a significantly higher PF4 level than the non‐microangiopathy group (0.1548 ± 0.0312) (p < 0.001, t‐test). Thus, PF4 increased after engraftment of the transplanted stem cells in the patients who developed TMA. In patients who developed TMA, there was a significant correlation between the PF4 level and the grade of angiopathy according to the Zeigler grading system (p < 0.01 by linear regression analysis).These results suggest that a HIT antibody produced by donor cells may be involved in the development of TMA after SCT.