bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistologically definable light chain restriction in autoimmune disease
Authors: Jasani Bharat 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAnalysis of serum immunoglobulins from patients suffering from autoimmune disease has shown that pathogenically relevant autoantibodies directed at organ specific antigens are light chain restricted, i.e., they are entirely lambda or kappa type in a given patient.1–3 Furthermore, plasma cells involved at tissue level in the production of such antibodies, for example in Graves' disease, have also been shown to express a marked light chain bias as judged immunohistologically.4 On the basis of these findings, a study was conducted to determine the light chain status of tissue plasma cell infiltrates associated with Sjögren's disease, a known autoimmune disease. Of the six cases examined, all six showed a marked lambda light chain bias, with two patients exhibiting a monotypic plasma cell infiltrate of IgA, lambda isotype. The significance of the overall observations is discussed in the context of other examples of light chain restricted B‐cell responses and the generally increased incidence of benign and malignant B‐cell neoplasia in autoimmune disease.
An immunocytochemical study of lymphocyte and macrophage populations in the bone marrow of patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Nash John R. G. , Smith Steven R. , Mackie Michael J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPairs of bone marrow trephine samples from 67 patients with known or suspected non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were collected. One sample was processed for morphological examination, the other for frozen section immunohistology, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAB) reacting with lymphocyte and macrophage determinants, detected by the immuno‐alkaline‐phosphatase (APAAP) method. Forty‐one cases showed definite (36) or suspected (5) involvement of the marrow by NHL. Most were examples of lymphocytic or centroblastic/centrocytic NHL. The pattern of immunostaining confirmed the presence of NHL in these cases: the phenotype of the neoplastic cells was broadly consistent with nodal histology, where available. In ten cases, the marrow showed no evidence of involvement by NHL, and in 15, the eventual diagnosis was an abnormality of the myeloid series. These two groups of marrows not involved by NHL both showed a ‘reactive’ pattern of immunostaining, comprising polyclonal B‐cells, T‐helper and suppressor/cytotoxic cells and macrophages. We conclude that immunohistological examination of the bone marrow is useful in cases where the specimen shows morphological evidence of NHL, including those that are only ‘suspect’, but does not detect lymphoma where there is no morphological evidence of involvement.
Characterization of lipid accumulation in the gallbladder mucosa of the ground squirrel fed a lithogenic diet
Authors: Pemsingh Ramjeet S. , Macpherson Brian R. , Scott Gerald W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRichardson's ground squirrels (Spermophilus richardsonii) of both sexes were fed a 2 per cent cholesterol‐enriched diet for intervals of 12, 18, and 24 h; 3, 5, and 7 days; and 2, 3, 10, and 20 weeks. It was shown that free (unesterified) cholesterol, phospholipid, and cholesterol ester accumulated in specific regions of the gallbladder mucosa during cholelithiasis. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of lipids inter‐ and intracellularly as early as 12 h after ingestion. By 7 days, lipids were seen in dilated endoplasmic reticulum, as well as in supranuclear and basal regions of epithelial cells. Histochemical localization revealed free cholesterol in dilated endoplasmic reticulum and residual bodies at the ultrastructural level. Neutral lipid was observed by light microscopy in the supranuclear and basal regions of the cells. In 10‐ and 20‐week treated animals, lipid droplets were also seen in the lamina propria and macrophages. The lesion induced by cholesterol ingestion persisted throughout the experimental period, and while different from that in human tissue, it was similar to those observed in experimental canine cholesterosis.
Lectin expression in carcinoid tumours of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Raju Gangaraju C. , Lee Yoke‐Sun 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe binding of peroxidase‐conjugated Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Triticum vulgaris (WGA), Canavalia ensiformis (Con A), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), Lotus tetragonolobus, and Bandeiraea simplicifolia I (BSAI) to gastrointestinal carcinoid tumours was studied. The results indicate that carcinoid tumour cells express certain carbohydrates similar to those present in the adjacent surface epithelium. The differences in the lectin‐binding properties of carcinoid tumours of different sites of the gastrointestinal tract are closely related to the regional differences in the lectin binding of adjacent surface epithelium. These observations therefore form a useful basis for further studies in the application of lectin histochemistry to elucidate the histogenesis of carcinoid tumours.
The lectin‐binding characteristics of aflatoxin B1 induced lesions in the rat liver
Authors: Pritchard Deborah J. , Butler William H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma was induced in rats by administering aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) for 6 weeks. Malignant tumours were preceded by foci and nodules of altered hepatocytes of three histological types, composed of basophilic, eosinophilic, and vacuolated cells. In addition, there were areas of altered hepatocytes that were considered as hyperplastic.Lectins were used as histochemical markers to compare the expression of membrane glycoproteins in hepatocellular carcinomas and hepatic nodules with non‐nodular or control hepatocytes. There were marked changes in the lectin‐binding patterns of the hepatocellular carcinoma cells and the eosinophilic nodules. The lectin‐binding patterns of basophilic nodules, vacuolated nodules, and hyperplastic areas were similar to non‐nodular or untreated hepatocytes. The similarity in the lectin‐binding changes of the eosinophilic nodules and hepatocellular carcinomas suggests that the eosinophilic nodules may be an early stage in the development of carcinoma.
The Royal Free Hospital school of medicine
Authors: Scheuer P. J. , Chappell M. E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe teaching of pathology at the Royal Free Hospital has evolved over the past few decades in a stepwise manner, moving away from a didactic lecture‐ and classroom‐based approach to one in which staff time is mainly spent in small‐group teaching. We present an outline of our current teaching programme in the belief that it differs substantially from that in many other medical schools.
Immunohistochemical definition of antigenic determinants of pregnancy‐associated α2‐glycoprotein (α2‐PAG) using monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Smith Nicholas M. , Horne Charles H. W. , Carpenter Frederick H. , Stigbrand Torgny , Carlsson‐Bostedt Lena 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHuman pregnancy‐associated α2‐glycoprotein (α2‐PAG) is a high molecular weight glycoprotein present in normal sera. The protein is present in high concentration in the sera of pregnant females and in abnormally low concentration in association with conditions connected with abnormalities of mucosal immunity.Indirect immunoperoxidase techniques using poly‐ and monoclonal antibodies were employed to identify pregnancy‐associated α2‐PAG in different tissues. Four monoclonal antibodies were selected from a battery of antibodies with defined specificities in order to ascertain reactivity with various epitopes of the antigen. The antibodies were applied to paraffin sections of breast, colon, salivary gland, and tonsil, and different fixation regimes were used in the preparation of the tissues. The polyclonal antibodies were found to stain plasma cells and epithelial lumina evenly in all the tissues included whereas the monoclonal antibodies were shown to stain certain components selectively. In breast and salivary glands, all four monoclonal antibodies could identify α2‐PAG, but in tonsil and colon, only two were reactive. This difference in epitope expression might reflect the internal processing of α2‐PAG, and lack of availability of certain epitopes may be indicative of functional blocking of certain domains.
The fine structure and histochemistry of human bile duct in obstruction and choledocholithiasis
Authors: Hopwood D. , Wood Rab , Milne G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBiopsies from the common bile ducts from seven patients undergoing surgery for biliary obstruction due to stones or malignancy were studied histochemically and electron microscopically. The surface of the bile duct is lined by a tall epithelium which extends into diverticula. Apically, they contain some neutral and sialated mucosubstances. Fucosyl residues were found in the Golgi apparatus and along the apical cell membrane. The latter is lined by microvilli. There was a well‐developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus and a small number of apical secretory droplets. Large numbers of lipid droplets were present basally in some cells. Lipid‐containing macrophages were also seen intra‐epithelially and in the lamina propria. This suggests a possible pathway for lipid transport. The glands were lined by cuboidal cells, some containing much mucus—sulphated, sialated, and neutral with a basal nucleus. A well‐developed endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus were found with abundant secretory droplets. The glandular epithelium contained lysozyme, α‐1‐antitrypsin, and α‐1‐antichymotrypsin. These may play a protective role. The lamina propria contained scattered smooth muscle cells amongst the fibroblasts and inflammatory cells.
Xenografting of normal colonic mucosa in athymic mice
Authors: Verstijnen Cees P. H. J. , Kate Joop Ten , Arends Jan W. , Schutte Bert , Bosman Fred T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractColonic mucosa was implanted subcutaneously into nude mice in order to investigate the potential use of xenografts as an in vivo model system for the study of colonic epithelial proliferation and differentiation. The xenografts were followed for 5 weeks. Proliferation was studied by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation followed by visualization of the DNA‐synthesizing cells with an anti BrdU monoclonal antibody. Differentiated cells were visualized by histo‐chemical staining of goblet‐ and enterochromaffin cells and of columnar cells by immunoperoxidase staining for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), secretory component, and serotonin.In different strains of mice different observations were made. Less immunocompetent strains (Balb c nu/nu, NMRI nu/nu) developed abscesses at the site of the xenograft as well as wasting disease. These phenomena almost never occurred in CD‐1 nu/nu mice. The success rate was highest in CD‐1 nu/nu mice. After about 1 week, only crypt base cells remained vital and started to repopulate crypts with epithelial cells showing normal colonic differentiation features such as CEA, secretory component, and serotonin immunoreactivity and mainly sulphomucin production. After longer periods of time, crypts started to form cyst‐like structures due to accumulation of secretion products and dead cells. DNA‐synthesizing cells were seen in the basal areas of recognizable crypts and in the cyst‐like structures in a random distribution. These results indicate that normal colon mucosa xenografted into nude mice maintains its proliferative and differentiating capacity for at least 5 weeks.
Monoclonal S‐100 immunocytochemistry of pigmented naevi with tactile‐like corpuscles
Authors: Suzuki Toshimitsu , Ajioka Yoichi , Kogure Shoji 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe examined 12 cases of pigmented naevi with tactile‐like corpuscles by immunohistochemistry using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against S‐100 protein. Naevus cells, the tactile‐like corpuscles, and the attached lamellae and fibroblastic cells gave a strong reaction with S‐100 protein and the β‐subunit antibodies. The same cells gave only a weak reaction with the a‐subunit antibody with the exception of about 4 per cent of corpuscles and 1–1.5 per cent of naevus cells, whether pigmented or not, which gave a strong reaction with this antibody. These results suggest that the non‐pigmented naevus cells and the constituent cells of the corpuscles are closely related and the latter might derive from the former by organoid differentiation.
Cellular composition of the spleen after human allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Dilly Susan A. , Sloane John P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe cellular composition of the spleen has been assessed in 18 patients who died 15–326 days after receiving allogeneic marrow for leukaemia. The white pulp showed marked lymphocyte depletion with no germinal centres, very few B cells, and rare plasma cells. The marginal zone was unrecognizable but there were moderate numbers of T cells in the periarteriolar lymphatic sheaths (PALS), showing great variation in CD4/CD8 ratio. The percentage of CD4+ cells decreased with time post transplant. CD8+ cells were reduced in patients with graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) who also showed no increase in cells staining for activation markers. No T cells were detected expressing immature phenotypes and no differences were detected between patients who received marrow purged or unpurged of T cells. Macrophage numbers appeared normal. Extramedullary haemopoiesis (EMH) was predominantly in the red pulp greater than 30 days after transplantation but more commonly in the white pulp before then. Pyknotic cells were common in seven cases and appeared to be associated with EMH rather than GvHD. Chimaeric studies demonstrated small numbers of donor cells in the PALS at 26 days and larger numbers at 56 days.
Studies on cell proliferation and tracer localization in the kidneys of guinea pigs with experimental autoimmune anti‐tubular basement membrane nephritis
Authors: Gorfien Stephen F. , Kitazawa Kozo , Brodkin Marc A. , Noble Bernice , Andres Giuseppe A. , Brentjens Jan R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe mitotic activity in kidneys of guinea pigs with experimental autoimmune anti‐tubular basement membrane (TBM) nephritis was investigated using autoradiographic techniques to determine the uptake of [3H]thymidine by actively dividing cells. It was observed in these animals that cells of proximal tubules, distal tubules, cortical and medullary interstitium, medullary collecting ducts, and loops of Henle took up significantly greater amounts of [3H]thymidine when compared with normal animals.In addition, the behaviour of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and goat anti‐HRP IgG in extraglomerular sites in the kidneys of these animals was studied. Contrary to what was expected, these tracers appeared to be less concentrated in the tubules and interstitium of animals with anti‐TBM disease, with tracer movement restricted in areas of disrupted TBM. The significance of these observations is discussed.
Optimal preservation of p21 ras immunoreactivity and morphology in paraffin‐embedded tissue
Authors: Going J. J. , Williams A. R. W. , Wyllie A. H. , Anderson T. J. , Piris J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSpecific immunostaining of p21 ras protein by the well‐characterized pan‐ros antibody Y13‐259 is achieved in paraffin sections of human and animal tissues fixed in periodate‐lysine‐paraformaldehyde‐dichromate (PLPD). Intensity of staining is as good as in cryostat sections, with superior histological detail. Localization to plasma membrane is demonstrated in rodent cells genetically manipulated to express abundant p21 ras (the FHO5T1 cell line), both in preparations suspended in agar after culture in vitro and in those growing as tumour in vivo. Strong positive staining is observed in neoplasms of human breast and colon, tissues in which there is independent evidence of elevated ras gene expression. The superior morphology afforded by this technique allows clear characterization of p21 ras expression in small premalignant lesions for which other methods of detection of oncogene expression are not appropriate.
Axillary lymph node status in carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Lewis Vanessa , Rice Paul 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this prospective study, axillary clearance specimens from consecutive routine mastectomies and wide excisions for carcinoma were divided into three segments by sutures in the theatre: apical (furthest from the tumour), mid and basal (nearest to the tumour) segments. Each specimen was then randomized to either formalin or Carnoy's fixation. Following fixation, lymph nodes were dissected from each of the three segments, sectioned once through the hilum, and examined microscopically.There was a significant (P < 0·05) difference in the total number and number of reactive lymph nodes harvested from Carnoy's compared with formalin‐fixed material. The number of nodes containing metastatic carcinoma was not significantly different (P = 0·64).In several cases, involved apical segment lymph nodes were found with no involvement of the proximal groups; this observation may have serious implications for the procedure of proximal lymph node sampling in the surgical management of breast cancer. It is suggested that clearing of axillary contents with Carnoy's fixative does not provide any additional information of clinical significance, although it may allow the pathologist to identify lymph nodes rapidly.
Assessment of the effects of age and smoking on the media of muscular pulmonary arteries
Authors: Fernie June M. , Lamb David 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe effects of age and smoking on the media of muscular pulmonary arteries were studied in 23 subjects without cardio‐pulmonary disease. The group ranged in age from 19 to 81 years and included 12 non‐smokers and 11 smokers. Twelve representative tissue blocks were taken from each subject and all cross‐sectionally cut arteries were measured from histological sections using a digitizer. Medial area was measured and artery size defined as total length of internal elastic lamina. Only arteries measuring less than 1500 μm length of internal elastic lamina were studied.For all subjects, the relationship between medial area and length of internal elastic lamina was a curve, which was linearized by plotting square root of medial area against artery size. These individual linear regression equations (y=A+bx) were used to ‘predict’ for each subject the amount of muscle in the walls of arteries of a specific size: 500, 1000, and 1500 μm length of internal elastic lamina.Using this type of summary data it was found that neither age nor smoking affected the media. Individual (intersubject) variation was evident in the amount of muscle present in any size of artery, particularly in the smallest arteries. In arteries measuring 500 μm length of internal elastic lamina, the amount of muscle was positively and significantly correlated with the absolute weight of the right ventricle.
Increased intracellular levels of calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐like immunoreactivity in pulmonary endocrine cells of hypoxic rats
Authors: Springall D. R. , Collina G. , Barer G. , Suggett A. J. , Bee D. , Polak J. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe mammalian respiratory tract contains innervated groups of endocrine cells which are believed to respond to hypoxia. We have demonstrated the involvement of a specific regulatory peptide produced by the cells, calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP), in this response. Cells immunoreactive for CGRP or for protein gene product 9·5 (PGP 9·5), a general marker of nerves and endocrine cells, were quantified in sections of lungs from hypoxic (21 days, 10 percent 02) and normoxic rats. An immunostaining method employing supra‐optimal dilutions of primary antiserum was used. This detects variations in antigen concentration which may be masked if the routine, optimal dilution is used. The number of CGRP‐immunoreactive endocrine cells was significantly (P < 0·001) greater in the lungs of hypoxic rats (76·9 ± 10·1 cells/cm2, mean ± SEM) compared with controls (19·7 ± 2·4). However, the numbers of PGP 9·5‐immunoreactive cells were the same in both groups (81·3 ± 12·2, hypoxic; 79·5 ± 9·8 control), suggesting that the total number of endocrine cells did not change. It is concluded therefore that the apparent increase in CGRP‐immunoreactive endocrine cells in hypoxic rat lungs is due to increased intracellular levels of the peptide. Since CGRP is a vasodilator, this could have important implications in the vasoconstrictor response to hypoxia.
Chromophobe cell renal carcinoma and its variants—a report on 32 cases
Authors: Thoenes W. , Störkel ST. , Rumpelt H.‐J. , Moll R. , Baum H. P. , Werner S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper reports on 32 chromophobe cell renal carcinomas observed in 697 renal cell cancers (RCC) of adults (peak in the sixth decade of life). The chromophobe cell‐type differs from other types of RCC macroscopically, the cut‐surface being predominantly of grey‐beige colour. Histologically, there are two variants: one is the typical (light) variant (n=22) and the other is eosinophilic (n=10). Both variants have in common (a) reaction of the cytoplasm with Hale's acid iron colloid; (b) electron microscopic detection of cytoplasmic microvesicles (150–300 nm), frequently with ‘inner vesicles’, and (c) low glycogen content in comparison with the clear cell carcinoma. Immunocytochemical investigations on the intermediate filaments show a positive reaction for cytokeratins No. 18 (uniformly) and Nos. 7 and 19 (to varying extents) for both variants, whereas vimentin was not found in any of these carcinomas, in contrast to the clear‐cell type. The cytomorphological grading revealed predominantly G II tumours. A lymph node metastasis was found in one patient.On the basis of the mortality curves determined, the prognosis for patients with chromophobe cell carcinomas is more favourable than that of the clear‐cell type.In terms of differential diagnosis, on the one hand, the typical (light) variant of the chromophobe cell RCC must be delimited from the clear‐cell RCC, and on the other hand, the eosinophilic variant must be distinguished from the chromophilic or ‘granular’ RCC. Microscopic, histological, histochemical, electron microscopic, and intermediate filament analysis results document that the chromophobe cell type of RCC is a distinct entity. The implications for the nomenclature of RCC, especially with regard to the ‘granular’ type, are discussed.
Transcutaneous measurement of PO2 and PCO2 in the dermis at the site of the tuberculin reaction in healthy human subjects
Authors: Spence V. A. , Beck J. Swanson 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe respiration of the skin at the site of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction in tuberculin skin tests was studied by transcutaneous measurement of dermal oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions in normal individuals who had been immunized with BCG: six reactions were strong positives, four were weak positives, and four without induration were regarded as negative. The tcPO2 fell over the first 2 days of the reaction and remained low for the next 2 days: the severity of the changes was greater in the ‘strong’ reactions than in the ‘weak’ reactions. The tcPCO2 showed a reciprocal rise over the first 2 days and, although still high, tended to recover over the fourth day. These results indicate that local hypoxia and hypercapnia are prominent features of the positive tuberculin test, probably as a consequence of the respiration of the infiltrating lymphocytes and monocytes. It is likely that similar respiratory changes occur in those chronic inflammatory diseases where delayed hypersensitivity reactions make a contribution to the pathogenesis of the lesion.