bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute phase protein induction by experimental inflammation in the salivary gland*
Authors: Yao Chenjuan , Wei Wei , Li Hosoi Xuefei, Kazuo 
Published: September 2005

Background:  The submandibular gland (SMG) is a major salivary gland, which plays an important role in maintenance the oral health. In this study, we intended to explore the role of the SMG's defense system of the animals in which experimental inflammation is induced.Methods:  The levels of mRNAs for inflammation cytokines and acute phase proteins were detected by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).Results:  The mRNAs for acute phase proteins were found to be increased in the SMG and extraorbital and intraorbital lacrimal gland (ELG and ILG) of rats at 24 h after subcutaneous injection of turpentine oil. The induction of mRNA for these inflammatory proteins by turpentine oil was preceded by a transient increase in the level of mRNAs for IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α at 6 h after subcutaneous injection of the oil. Such cytokine induction was similarly seen by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection, and involvement of Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) was strongly suggested from experiment using C3H/HeJ mice, a TLR4‐deficient mutant strain.Conclusion:  The up‐regulation of acute phase proteins and inflammation cytokines in the SMG, ELG and ILG by experimental inflammation suggests the existence of a strict defense system via the innate immune system in the SMG and other exocrine gland.
Retinoic acid is a potential negative regulator for differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Shibuya Natsuko , Nemoto Eiji , Kanaya Sousuke , Kunii Ryotaro , Shimauchi Hidetoshi 
Published: September 2005

Background and objectives:  Retinoic acid (RA) exerts a wide variety of effects on development, cellular differentiation and homeostasis in various tissues. However, little is known about the effects of RA on the differentiation of periodontal ligament cells. In this study, we investigated whether RA can affect the dexamethasone‐induced differentiation of periodontal ligament cells.Methods and results:  Human periodontal ligament cells were differentiated via culturing in the presence of dexamethasone, ascorbic acid, and β‐glycerophosphate for mineralized nodule formation, as characterized by von Kossa staining. Continuous treatment with all‐trans‐RA inhibited the mineralization in a dose‐dependent manner, with complete inhibition over 1 µm RA. Other RA analogs, 9‐cis‐RA and 13‐cis‐RA, were also effective. Furthermore, addition of RA for just the first 4 days completely inhibited the mineralization; however, as RA was added at later stages of culture, the inhibitory effect was diminished, suggesting that RA had a phase‐dependent inhibition of mineralization. RA receptor (RAR)‐α agonist (AM‐580), but not retinoid X receptor agonist (methoprene acid), inhibited the mineralization, and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that RAR‐α was expressed on the cells, suggesting that RAR‐α was involved in the inhibitory mechanism. This inhibition was accompanied by inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity; however, neither expression of platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor‐α, PDGF receptor‐β, or epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, nor phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases triggered by PDGF‐ascorbic acid or PDGF‐BB was changed, as assessed by flow cytometry or western blot analyses.Conclusions:  These findings suggest that RA is a potential negative regulator for differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells.
A NEW APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF CHANGING INITIAL RESPONSES TO MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Authors: REILING ELDON , TAYLOR RYLAND 
Published: September 2005

The hypothesis that it is unwise to change answers to multiple choice questions was tested using the technique of multiple regression analysis. The net number of correct answers as a result of changing responses was regressed against final grade in the course, numeric score on the exam, percent of total answers changed for all questions and for analytical questions, sex of the student, and scope of the exam.The results show that there are gains to be made by changing responses. The variables which proved to be significant indicated that students who did well on the test changed a large percentage of answers, and that those who were taking a final exam tended to gain more. Final grades, sex of the student, and analytical questions had no significant impact on gains from changing responses. On the basis of the results gathered, the authors reject the hypothesis that changing responses is unwise.
SURVEY TESTING ON AN OUT‐OF‐LEVEL BASIS
Authors: AYRER JAMES E. , McNAMARA THOMAS C. 
Published: September 2005

“Out‐of‐level” testing, assigning pupils to levels of a standardized test on the basis of previous (close to chance level) test scores rather than their present grade assignment, has been used in Philadelphia since 1968. An extensive number of pupils were tested in this way in 1970, in contrast to the two previous years, and overall performance indices seemed depressed as a result.The test results of 1500 children tested out‐of‐level in 1970 were reviewed to see if their performance supported the rationale behind the practice. More reliable performance definitely resulted from the procedure for this sample, but there is considerable question about the publisher's assurance regarding comparability of in‐level and out‐of‐level scores.
AN INVESTIGATION OF AN EXTENSION OF ITEM SAMPLING WHICH YIELDS INDIVIDUAL SCORES1
Authors: BUNDA MARY ANNE 
Published: September 2005

The sampling procedures were designed so that the full matrix of item variances and covariances could be estimated. Three subtest sizes were investigated‐ subtests of size five, nine and sixteen items. In each of these implementations a double cross validation was used yielding two predicted scores for each individual. Discrepancy measures were also computed showing the difference between the observed and the predicted scores.The prediction of individual scores was accomplished within various ranges of error. The correlations between predicted scores and observed scores ranged from the .70′s to the .90′s, depending on the number of predictor variables used.The procedure is applicable in situations in which large numbers of individuals are tested or in situations where multiple measures are taken.
PROGRAMS OF STUDY AS A BASIS FOR SELECTION, PLACEMENT AND GUIDANCE OF COLLEGE STUDENTS
Authors: LOEB JANE , BOWERS JOHN 
Published: September 2005

Studies of collegiate success and attrition are generally conducted at the all‐college level. The definition of academic programs that are homogeneous in the abilities and interests of their students and the grading standards of their faculties may lead to more accurate prediction of success and more effective control of attrition.Homogeneous curricular groups were defined via Ward's hierarchical grouping analysis applied to curricular means on high school percentile rank, four ACT subscores, first semester GPA, and 16 Kuder scores. Programs so defined differed on scientific‐verbal and competitive level dimensions. Prediction of grades was more accurate within programs than colleges. Drop and transfer rates were correlated with discriminant scores.The programs are discussed as promising units within which differential selection and placement strategies might reduce attrition.
TEACHER EDUCATION CURRICULA–YOUR FINAL GRADE IS F
Authors: ROEDER HAROLD H. 
Published: September 2005

This manuscript presents the results of a nationwide teacher education survey which attempted to ascertain how adequately colleges and universities are preparing prospective elementary teachers in the area of “tests and measures.”Nine hundred forty institutions were mailed a questionnaire which requested data on the specific requirements which undergraduates were expected to fulfill in order to be graduated and awarded state certification. Over 97% of the institutions which were originally surveyed returned questionnaires.The data indicate that upon graduation from college, most prospective elementary classroom teachers are better prepared to conduct impromptu art and music lessons than they are to evaluate pupil performance.
ACHIEVEMENT TEST RELIABILITY AS A FUNCTION OF PUPIL‐RESPONSE PROCEDURES
Authors: BECK MICHAEL D. 
Published: September 2005

Muller, Calhoun, and Orling (1972) conclude that test reliability is dependent on the type of answer document used by elementary pupils. The present study was designed in part to assess the differential effect of two pupil response procedures (answering directly in the test booklet versus on a separate answer folder) on Metropolitan Achievement Tests scores of grades 3 and 4 pupils.Over 4000 pupils from nine school systems took the Metropolitan, half responding in their booklets and half using answer folders. The two groups were matched by grade in general scholastic aptitude.Although the separate answer folder group received lower scores than did the group responding in the test booklets, the score reliabilities did not differ significantly for any test. Additionally, these reliabilities did not differ significantly from comparable Metropolitan normative reliabilities. For survey achievement tests such as Metropolitan, test reliability would not appear to depend on pupil response mode.
EFFECTS OF COACHING ON GRE APTITUDE TEST SCORES
Authors: POWERS DONALD E. 
Published: September 2005

Test preparation activities were determined for a large representative sample of Graduate Record Examination (GRE) Aptitude Test takers. About 3% of these examinees had attended formal coaching programs for one or more sections of the test.After adjusting for differences in the background characteristics of coached and uncoached students, effects on test scores were related to the length and the type of programs offered. The effects on GRE verbal ability scores were not significantly related to the amount of coaching examinees received, and quantitative coaching effects increased slightly but not significantly with additional coaching. Effects on analytical ability scores, on the other hand, were related significantly to the length of coaching programs, through improved performance on two analytical item types, which have since been deleted from the test.Overall, the data suggest that, when compared with the two highly susceptible item types that have been removed from the GRE Aptitude Test, the test item types in the current version of the test (now called the GRE General Test) appear to show relatively little susceptibility to formal coaching experiences of the kinds considered here.
Characterization of Modal Damping of Sandwich Plates
Authors: Hammami Lotfi , Zghal Bacem , Fakhfakh Tahar , Haddar Mohamed 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The homogenization of the energy functional of a sandwich plate, its minimization and its discretization by finite element methods and modeling the viscoelastic core behavior by an hysteretic structural damping lead to the homogenized dynamic equation of a sandwich plate. The vibratory analysis permits the determination of the elastic eigenmodes and the characterization of the modal damping which will serve to the establishment of dynamical responses if we used the modal dynamic recombination method. The numerical results obtained show that the eigenmodes are not orthogonal to the damping matrix but are only weakly coupled. Besides, the modal damping matrix coefficients vary according to the ratio of the core thickness and the total thickness of sandwich plate and follow a second-order polynomial function of this ratio.
Maxwell’s theory of eddy currents in thin conducting sheets, and applications to electromagnetic shielding and MAGLEV
Authors: Saslow W. M. 
Published: September 2005

Using the example of a monopole that is spontaneously generated above a thin conducting sheet, the simplicity and power of Maxwell’s 1872 theory of eddy currents in thin conducting sheets is illustrated. This theory employs a receding image construction, with a characteristic recession velocity v0=2/(μ0σd), where the sheet has conductivity σ and thickness d. A modern derivation of the theory, employing the magnetic scalar potential, is also presented, with explicit use of the uniqueness theorem. Also discussed are limitations on the theory of which Maxwell, living in a time before the discovery of the electron, could not have been aware. Previous derivations either have not appealed explicitly to the uniqueness theorem, or have employed the now unfamiliar current function, and are therefore either incomplete or inaccessible to the modern reader. After the derivation, two important examples considered by Maxwell are presented−a monopole moving above a thin conducting sheet, and a monopole above a rotating thin conducting sheet (Arago’s disk)−and it is argued that the lift force thus obtained makes Maxwell the grandfather, if not the father, of eddy current MAGLEV transportation systems. An energy conservation argument is given to derive Davis’s result that, for a magnet of arbitrary size and shape moving parallel to a thin conducting sheet at a characteristic height h, with velocity v, the ratio of drag force to lift force is equal to v0/v, provided that d≪δc, where δc =√2h/(μ0σv).
If d≫δc, the eddy currents are confined to a thickness δc, leading to an increase in the dissipation and the drag by a factor of d/δc, so that the ratio of drag to lift force becomes proportional to √v′0/v, where v′0 = 2/(μ0σh). The case of a monopole fixed in position, but oscillating in strength (such as can be simulated by one end of a long, narrow, ac solenoid), is also treated. This is employed to obtain the results for an oscillating magnetic dipole whose moment is normal to the sheet. A general discussion of electromagnetic induction and electrical conductors, both thick and thin, is given, emphasizing the difference between the high-frequency limit, where flux expulsion occurs and the self-inductance dominates, and the low-frequency limit, where the flux penetrates and the electrical resistance dominates. A discussion of Lenz’s law, as a statement about motion, is given. It is argued that the most general form of such a statement of Lenz’s law is that induced currents tend to accelerate a conductor in the direction that most effectively decreases the rate of Joule heating. A calculation, in the low-frequency limit, of the drag force on a magnetic dipole falling down a long conducting tube, is also given. This last case can be given a striking demonstration with the newly available neodymium–iron–boron magnets.
Relativistic equipartition via a massive damped sliding partition
Authors: Crawford Frank S. 
Published: September 2005

A cylinder partitioned by a massive sliding slab undergoing nonrelativistic damped one-dimensional (1D) motion under bombardment from the left (i=1) and right (i=2) by particles having rest mass mi, speed vi, relativistic momentum (magnitude) pi, and (let c≡1) total energy Ei=(pi2+mi2)1/2 is considered herein. The damped slab of mass M transforms the system from its initial pi distributions (i=1,2) to a state, first, of pressure (P) equilibrium with P1=P2, but temperature T1≠T2, then, to P-T equilibrium with P1=P2 and T1=T2, given by the (1D) ‘‘first moment’’ equipartition relation (κ is Boltzmann’s constant), &lt;q1≳=&lt;q2≳≡κT [Eq. (A1)], where qi≡pi vi=Eivi2=pi2/Ei. In achieving first-moment equilibrium at a given κT the slab M can be taken sufficiently large, hence slab oscillation period τ sufficiently long (τ≫tmax where tmax=2Li/vmin is the round trip period of the slowest particle) to give ‘‘mechanical adiabatic invariance’’ (MAI), hence conservation of mechanical ‘‘action’’ piLi of each particle. This first-moment equilibrium is not yet ‘‘thermal’’ equilibrium, since the MAI process leaves the higher moments &lt;qi2≳, &lt;qi3≳, etc., with their original values, relative to &lt;qi≳.
To achieve thermal equilibrium the slab damping is turned off and slab mass M is reduced, hence τ decreases, until τ≪tmax, whereupon MAI becomes ‘‘broken’’ and we achieve complete thermal equilibrium, given by Eq. (A1) plus the appropriate higher moments. Using straightforward extension of the relativistic technique used by Menon and Agrawal to find the first-moment relation (A1) we find that all of the moments of q1 satisfy the recursion relation &lt;qin≳= nκT&lt;qin−1≳ +(n−1)mi2κT&lt;qin−1/Ei2≳, i=1 or 2, n=1, 2, 3, 4,... [Eq. (A2)].
Foreign Bodies at Work: Good, Docile and Other-ed
Authors: Abdullah Noorman 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe lived, and oftentimes silenced, experiences of "foreign workers" articulate the negotiation of power relations between "citizen" and "foreigner", and "Us" and "Them". These are translated into discursive practices that, in effect, legitimize and entrench differences — hence, inequalities — that effectively discipline the "foreign worker" as "not one of Us". By taking the example of Bangladeshi construction workers in Singapore as a case study, I argue in this paper that the workspaces of "foreign construction workers" in Singapore typify that of a "total institution", which correspondingly moulds the worker into a discursive ideal — the "good, docile Other". Such impositions and productions of Otherness, however, face rupture as workers (re)negotiate, (re)work, and (re)inscribe their everyday lives through the employment of what James Scott (1985, 1987) terms "everyday 'resistances'" in rising above that which subjugates them. I will present in this paper primary data elicited and collated from direct participant observation, fieldwork, and in-depth interviews conducted in a construction project in Singapore.
Acculturative Stress and Identity Crisis: South Asians in Canadian Academe
Authors: Samuel Edith 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis article explores the psychological processes of acculturative stress and identity crises in the lives of South Asian students in academe. It is evident that the anxieties about South Asian students' cultural adaptabilities are sites of contested meanings. This inquiry unsettles the seemingly predetermined category of "South Asian student" and considers how South Asian students' experiences are couched in a series of disparaging discourses. The conflicts and contradictions between the "traditional" culture "back home" and "Canadian" culture are noticeable. Further, the binaries of "tradition"/"modern"; "Indianized"/"Canadianized"; "Third World"/"West"; and "advanced"/"backward" are perceived to be divergent groupings. These contrasting categories are viewed as "mutually exclusive so that the only logical conclusion to anyone struggling with culture conflict is to choose either one side or the other, primarily for the sake of mental and emotional well-being (Paur, 1994:25)."
Deleuze/Derrida: Towards an Almost Imperceptible Difference
Authors: Kuiken Kir 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis paper approaches the problem of the relation between Deleuze and Derrida by focusing on their respective readings of Heidegger's interpretation of Nietzsche's eternal return. It argues that the difference between Deleuze and Derrida cannot be measured in terms of their explicit statements about Heidegger, but in terms of how they relate their own readings of Nietzsche to Heidegger's positioning of him as the last metaphysician. The paper focuses on Deleuze's brief analyses of Heidegger in Difference and Repetition and Derrida's numerous references to the eternal return throughout his oeuvre, particularly in the essay Différance. I argue that Deleuze and Derrida articulate two different relations to the simulacrum through the way in which they position their own work in relation to Heidegger's understanding of Nietzsche.
Elemental Translations: From Friedrich Nietzsche and Luce Irigaray
Authors: Baracchi Claudia 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis essay considers the tensions informing Nietzsche's reflection on intertwined issues of nature, art, sexuality, and the feminine. Through the figure of Dionysus, Nietzsche articulates a suggestive understanding of generation as the upsurge of nature in its transformative movement. The juxtaposition of Luce Irigaray's elaboration of the Dionysian calls for an interrogation of Nietzsche's work regarding (1) the sublimation of nature into art and of sexuality or sensuality into artistic drives, (2) the oblivion of sexual difference in the coupling of Apollo and Dionysus, and (3) the disappearance of love from the scene of creativity and procreation and, concomitantly, the emphasis on suffering and dismemberment.
Ontology, Transcendence, and Immanence in Emmanuel Levinas' Philosophy
Authors: Bergo Bettina 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis essay studies the unfolding of Levinas' concept of transcendence from 1935 to his 1984 talk entitled "Transcendence and Intelligibility." I discuss how Levinas frames transcendence in light of enjoyment, shame, and nausea in his youthful project of a counter-ontology to Heidegger's Being and Time. In Levinas' essay, transcendence is the human urge to get out of being. I show the ways in which Levinas' early ontology is conditioned by historical circumstances, but I argue that its primary aim is formal and phenomenological; it adumbrates formal structures of human existence. Levinas' 1940s ontology accentuates the dualism in being, between what amount to a light and a dark principle. This shift in emphasis ushers in a new focus for transcendence, which is now both sensuous and temporal, thanks to the promise of fecundity. Totality and Infinity (1961) pursues a similar onto-logic, while shifting the locus of transcendence to a non-sexuate other. The final great work, Otherwise than Being or beyond Essence (1974) offers a hermeneutic phenomenology of transcendence-in-immanence. It rethinks Husserl's focus on the transcendence of intentionality and its condition of possibility in the passive synthesis of complex temporality. If the 1974 strategy 'burrows beneath' the classical phenomenological syntheses, it also incorporates unsuspected influences from French psychology and phenomenology. This allows Levinas to develop a philosophical conception of transcendence that is neither Husserl's intentionality nor Heidegger's temporal ecstases, in what amounts to an original contribution to a phenomenology both hermeneutic and descriptive.
Heidegger's Transcendentalism
Authors: Dahlstrom Daniel 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis paper attempts to marshall some of the evidence of the transcendental character of Heidegger's later thinking, despite his repudiation of any form of transcendental thinking, including that of his own earlier project of fundamental ontology. The transcendental significance of that early project is first outlined through comparison and contrast with the diverse transcendental turns in the philosophies of Kant and Husserl. The paper then turns to Heidegger's account of the historical source of the notion of transcendence in Plato's thinking, its legacy in various forms of transcendental philosophy, and his reasons for attempting to think in a post-transcendental way. The paper concludes by identifying four vestiges of the transcendental turn in Heidegger's later thinking.
The Vertigo of Immanence: Deleuze's Spinozism
Authors: de Beistegui Miguel 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis paper is an attempt to identify the source of Deleuzian thought, that is, the "plane" or "image" from which it unfolds despite its many twists and turns. This, I believe, is immanence. The thread of immanence appears most clearly in What Is Philosophy? but can be shown to have been at work from the very start. But immanence is not just the plane of Deleuzian thought. It is also, and above all, that of philosophy itself, especially in its difference from religion and onto-theology. This in turn means that, following Spinoza and his univocal ontology, Deleuzian thought can be seen as completing or realizing the conditions of philosophy itself.