bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep‐qGFP: A Generalist Deep Learning Assisted Pipeline for Accurate Quantification of Green Fluorescent Protein Labeled Biological Samples in Microreactors
Authors: Wei Yuanyuan , Abbasi Syed Muhammad Tariq , Mehmood Nawaz , Li Luoquan , Qu Fuyang , Cheng Guangyao , Hu Dehua , Ho Yi‐Ping , Yuan Wu , Ho Ho‐Pui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAbsolute quantification of biological samples provides precise numerical expression levels, enhancing accuracy, and performance for rare templates. Current methodologies, however, face challenges‐flow cytometers are costly and complex, whereas fluorescence imaging, relying on software or manual counting, is time‐consuming and error‐prone. It is presented that Deep‐qGFP, a deep learning‐aided pipeline for the automated detection and classification of green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeled microreactors, enables real‐time absolute quantification. This approach achieves an accuracy of 96.23% and accurately measures the sizes and occupancy status of microreactors using standard laboratory fluorescence microscopes, providing precise template concentrations. Deep‐qGFP demonstrates remarkable speed, quantifying over 2000 microreactors across ten images in just 2.5 seconds, with a dynamic range of 56.52–1569.43 copies µL−1. The method demonstrates impressive generalization capabilities, successfully applied to various GFP‐labeling scenarios, including droplet‐based, microwell‐based, and agarose‐based applications. Notably, Deep‐qGFP is the first all‐in‐one image analysis algorithm successfully implemented in droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR), microwell digital PCR, droplet single‐cell sequencing, agarose digital PCR, and bacterial quantification, without requiring transfer learning, modifications, or retraining. This makes Deep‐qGFP readily applicable in biomedical laboratories and holds potential for broader clinical applications.
Regulating Grind‐Induced Lattice Distortion for Nickel‐Rich Cathodes by Annealing
Authors: Song Jinpeng , Huang Lujun , Yang Guobo , Liu Tiefeng , Liu Shaoshuai , Cong Guanghui , Huang Yating , Liu Zheyuan , Gao Xiang , Geng Lin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe commercialization of high‐performance nickel‐rich cathodes always awaits a cost‐effective, environmentally friendly, and large‐scale preparation method. Despite a grinding process normally adopted in the synthesis of the nickel‐rich cathodes, lattice distortion, rough surface, and sharp edge transformation inevitably occurr in the resultant samples. In this work, an additional annealing process is proposed that aims at regulating lattice distortion as well as achieving round and smoother morphologies without any structural or elemental modifications. Such a structural enhancement is favored for improved lithium diffusion and electrochemical stability during cycling. Consequently, the annealed cathodes demonstrate a considerable enhancement in capacity retention, escalating from 68.7% to 91.9% after 100 cycles at 1 C. Additionally, the specific capacity is significantly increased from 64 to 142 mAh g−1 at 5 C when compared to the unannealed cathodes. This work offers a straightforward and effective approach for reinforcing the electrochemical properties of nickel‐rich cathodes.
Improvement of mammary gland health in 81 ‘sentinel herds’ in England and Scotland between 2012 and 2021
Authors: Leach Katharine A. , Holsey Hannah J. , Bradley Andrew J. , Green Martin J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAchieving a reduction in mastitis in dairy cows is a common industry goal, but there is no recent peer‐reviewed record of progress in the UK.MethodsA convenience sample of 125 herds in England and Scotland was recruited based on the quality of records in 2016, willingness to participate and representative geographical distribution. Individual cow somatic cell counts and clinical mastitis data from 2012 to 2021 were summarised annually, and temporal changes were analysed. Eighty‐one herds had sufficient data for comparison between 2012 and 2021, for one or more parameters.ResultsOver this period, the median incidence rate of clinical mastitis decreased from 40.0 to 21.0 cases per 100 cows per year (p < 0.001), with improvement in both lactation and dry period indicators. Lactation new infection rate calculated from individual cow somatic cell counts fell from 8.75% to 5.95% (p < 0.001), dry period new infection rate fell from 16.8% to 14.1% (p < 0.05) and proportion of cows over 200,000 cells/mL fell from 20.0% to 14.3% (p < 0.001).LimitationsData were necessarily from herds with good records and do not provide absolute values for the industry.ConclusionThe findings reflect good progress over a 10‐year period in a cohort of well‐recorded herds and align with other national datasets.
Mapping the landscape of water and society research: Promising combinations of compatible and complementary disciplines
Authors: Muller Marc F. , Rusca Maria , Bertassello Leonardo , Adams Ellis , Allaire Maura , Cabello Villarejo Violeta , Levy Morgan , Mukherjee Jenia , Pokhrel Yadu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCoupled human‐water systems (CHWS) are diverse and have been studied across a wide variety of disciplines. Integrating multiple disciplinary perspectives on CHWS provides a comprehensive and actionable understanding of these complex systems. While interdisciplinary integration has often remained elusive, specific combinations of disciplines might be comparably easier to integrate (compatible), and/or their combination might be particularly likely to uncover previously unobtainable insights (complementary). This paper systematically identifies such promising combinations by mapping disciplines along a common set of topical, philosophical, and methodological dimensions. It also identifies key challenges and lessons for multidisciplinary research teams seeking to integrate highly promising (complementary) but poorly compatible disciplines. Applied to eight disciplines that span the environmental physical sciences and the quantitative and qualitative social sciences, we found that promising combinations of disciplines identified by the typology broadly reproduce patterns of recent interdisciplinary collaborative research revealed by a bibliometric analysis. We also found that some disciplines are centrally located within the typology by being compatible and complementary to multiple other disciplines along distinct dimensions. This points to the potential for these disciplines to act as catalysts for wider interdisciplinary integration.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Methods
Human Water > Methods
Science of Water > Methods
Chemical complexity challenge: Is multi‐instance machine learning a solution?
Authors: Zankov Dmitry , Madzhidov Timur , Varnek Alexandre , Polishchuk Pavel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMolecules are complex dynamic objects that can exist in different molecular forms (conformations, tautomers, stereoisomers, protonation states, etc.) and often it is not known which molecular form is responsible for observed physicochemical and biological properties of a given molecule. This raises the problem of the selection of the correct molecular form for machine learning modeling of target properties. The same problem is common to biological molecules (RNA, DNA, proteins)—long sequences where only key segments, which often cannot be located precisely, are involved in biological functions. Multi‐instance machine learning (MIL) is an efficient approach for solving problems where objects under study cannot be uniquely represented by a single instance, but rather by a set of multiple alternative instances. Multi‐instance learning was formalized in 1997 and motivated by the problem of conformation selection in drug activity prediction tasks. Since then MIL has found a lot of applications in various domains, such as information retrieval, computer vision, signal processing, bankruptcy prediction, and so on. In the given review we describe the MIL framework and its applications to the tasks associated with ambiguity in the representation of small and biological molecules in chemoinformatics and bioinformatics. We have collected examples that demonstrate the advantages of MIL over the traditional single‐instance learning (SIL) approach. Special attention was paid to the ability of MIL models to identify key instances responsible for a modeling property.This article is categorized under:Data Science > ChemoinformaticsData Science > Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning
John Gadbury's 32‐year record of daily London weather (1668–1700)
Authors: Tinkler Keith John 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGadbury’s published diary ‘Nauticum Astrologicum…’ covers 32 years of daily London weather from 1668–1700, in manuscript at the Bodleian library, Oxford. Transcription to spreadsheets has allowed the analysis of weather trends using about 41 weather terms. Eight‐point wind roses begin on 11 May 1673, augmented with partial records for most of 1671–1673. Diagrammatic summaries for weather and temperature terms are plotted annually in half‐month frequency bins. The 32‐year record is roughly divided into phases with approximate breaks at 1680 and 1690.
Cytotoxic Activity of Some Half‐sandwich Rhodium(III) Complexes Containing 4,4’‐disubstituted‐2,2’‐bipyridine Ligands
Authors: Graf Marion , Ochs Jasmine , Mayer Peter , Metzler‐Nolte Nils , Böttcher Hans‐Christian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of three compounds [Rh(η5‐C5Me5)Cl(N^N)]PF6 (N^N=4,4’‐disubstituted‐2,2’‐bipyridines, 1–3) are described. The cationic complexes contain the bidentate ligands N^N=4,4'‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2'‐bipyridine (1), N^N=4,4'‐dinonyl‐2,2'‐bipyridine (2) and N^N=4,4'‐diamino‐2,2'‐bipyridine (3). The complex salts were obtained by the bridge‐splitting reaction from the precursor [{Rh(η5‐C5Me5)(μ‐Cl)Cl}2] and subsequent salt metathesis affording their corresponding hexafluorido phosphate salts. All compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic means. Additionally, the molecular structure of compound 3 in the solid was determined by a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study. The cytotoxicity of all three compounds was examined by MTT assay against two cancer cell lines – HT‐29 (colon adenocarcinoma) and MCF‐7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) ‐ and normal human fibroblast cells (GM5657T). Compound 1 has moderate cytotoxicity against both cell lines, while compound 2 is seven to nine times more cytotoxic than cisplatin against MCF‐7 and HT‐29, respectively. In contrast to cisplatin, both compounds are more active against cancer cells than fibroblasts, thus showing some cancer selectivity.
Curriculum Beyond Apocalypse
Authors: Weinstein Matthew 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores the production of sociotechnical imaginaries surrounding climate change. Four texts are examined: the film Interstellar; the novel New York 2140; an academic analysis of governmental futures under climate change, Climate Leviathan; and a fictional account of life under the “New Green Deal.” The texts are cross-read against each other and analyzed in terms of their political adequacy in convincingly moving us toward better and more equitable and sustainable eco-social formations.
Sphingolipids: drivers of cardiac fibrosis and atrial fibrillation
Authors: Liu Junjie , Liu Ximao , Luo Yucheng , Huang Fangze , Xie Yu , Zheng Shaoyi , Jia Bo , Xiao Zezhou 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSphingolipids (SLs) are vital constituents of the plasma membrane of animal cells and concurrently regulate numerous cellular processes. An escalating number of research have evinced that SLs assume a crucial part in the progression of tissue fibrosis, a condition for which no efficacious cure exists as of now. Cardiac fibrosis, and in particular, atrial fibrosis, is a key factor in the emergence of atrial fibrillation (AF). AF has become one of the most widespread cardiac arrhythmias globally, with its incidence continuing to mount, thereby propelling it to the status of a major public health concern. This review expounds on the structure and biosynthesis pathways of several pivotal SLs, the pathophysiological mechanisms of AF, and the function of SLs in cardiac fibrosis. Delving into the influence of sphingolipid levels in the alleviation of cardiac fibrosis offers innovative therapeutic strategies to address cardiac fibrosis and AF.
Non-invasive calibration for volumetric flow measurements in confined spaces
Authors: Hardege Robert , Rockstroh Thomas , Bauer Katrin , Schwarze Rüdiger 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe calibration of a multi-camera system is a crucial step of volumetric flow measurements with photogrammetric methods. Conventional calibration methods are based on recording hardware targets, which are placed in the cameras fields of view. Calibrating in confined spaces with those methods is associated with an increased technical or mechanical effort. This work presents a calibration method without the use of a hardware target. Instead, crossing laser beams are introduced into the volume for creating unique calibration points. The underlying algorithms discussed in this paper for detecting the laser beams are:Ransacalgorithm,Template Matching(via cross correlation) andProbabilistic Hough Transformation. The algorithms are tested with experimental data and synthetic data.
Constraints on the pre-eruptive magma storage conditions and magma evolution of the 56–30 ka explosive volcanism of Ciomadul (East Carpathians, Romania)
Authors: Cserép Barbara , Szemerédi Máté , Harangi Szabolcs , Erdmann Saskia , Bachmann Olivier , Dunkl István , Seghedi Ioan , Mészáros Katalin , Kovács Zoltán , Virág Attila , Ntaflos Theodoros , Schiller David , Molnár Kata , Lukács Réka 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA detailed mineral-scale study was conducted on pumices of the latest, dominantly explosive eruption epoch (56–30 ka) of Ciomadul, the youngest, long-dormant volcano in eastern-central Europe for characterizing the magma storage system and for understanding better the changes in eruption style from effusive to explosive. The mineral cargo of dacitic pumices enables us to constrain the conditions of the pre-recharge crystal mush, the recharge magmas and the post-recharge magma prior to eruptions. A careful evaluation of the results yielded by various thermometers, barometers, oxybarometers, chemometers and hygrometers as well as direct comparison with experimental data were necessary to select the appropriate techniques and therefore to constrain the conditions for the Ciomadul magmatic system. Beneath the volcano, a felsic crystal mush body is inferred at 8–12 km depth comprising slightly oxidized (0.5–1.6 ∆NNO), low-temperature (680–750 °C), highly crystalline magma. This zone is underlain by a deep magma storage zone with less evolved, hot (> 900 °C) magma at 16–40 km depth. The dominantly explosive volcanism after the effusive eruptions (160–90 ka) can be explained by the ascent of distinct recharge magmas. They contained high-Mg (MgO > 18 wt%) amphibole, which could have crystallized from ultrahydrous (H2O > 8 wt%) magma at near-liquidus conditions. The rates of amphibole overgrowth and microphenocryst formation require weeks to months for the magma mixing and the eruption events. The hybridized melt became more oxidized and contained dissolved water in around 5.5 wt% at temperature of 790–830 °C calculated from the re-equilibrated Fe-Ti oxides. These magma properties along with the degree of crystallinity (27–38 vol% crystals) favored rapid magma ascent and an explosive style eruption. Thus, the strongly hydrous nature of the recharge magma in addition to the crystallinity and H2O content of the pre-eruption magma plays an important role in controlling the eruption style.
Predictors of reoperation after lung volume reduction surgery
Authors: Lund Alberte , Soldath Patrick , Nodin Erika , Hansen Henrik Jessen , Perch Michael , Jensen Kristine , Hornbech Kåre , Kalhauge Anna , Mortensen Jann , Petersen René Horsleben 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) has proven an effective treatment for emphysema, by decreasing hyperinflation and improving lung function, activity level and reducing dyspnoea. However, postoperative air leak is an important complication, often leading to reoperation.
Our aim was to analyse reoperations after LVRS and identify potential predictors.

Methods
Consecutive single-centre unilateral VATS LVRS performed from 2017 to 2022 were included. Typically, 3–5 minor resections were made using vascular magazines without buttressing. Data were obtained from an institutional database and analysed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of reoperation. Number and location of injuries were registered.

Results
In total, 191 patients were included, 25 were reoperated (13%). In 21 patients, the indication for reoperation was substantial air leak, 3 patients bleeding and 1 patient empyema. Length of stay (LOS) was 21 (11–33) vs. 5 days (3–11), respectively. Only 3 injuries were in the stapler line, 13 within < 2cm and 15 injuries were in another site. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that decreasing DLCO increased risk of reoperation, OR 1.1 (1.03, 1.18, P = 0.005). Resections in only one lobe, compared to resections in multiple lobes, were also a risk factor OR 3.10 (1.17, 9.32, P = 0.03). Patients undergoing reoperation had significantly increased 30-day mortality, OR 5.52 (1.03, 26.69, P = 0.02).

Conclusions
Our incidence of reoperation after LVRS was 13% leading to prolonged LOS and increased 30-day mortality. Low DLCO and resections in a single lobe were significant predictors of reoperation. The air leak was usually not localized in the stapler line.

Graphical abstract
Key question: What characterizes reoperations after lung volume reduction surgeries?
Key findings: Lung injuries were predominantly located away from the original surgical site.
Take home message: Lung injuries remote from the stapler line is frequent during reoperation after lung volume reduction surgery.
Location of lung injuries found during reoperation after lung volume reduction surgery
N-IoU: better IoU-based bounding box regression loss for object detection
Authors: Su Keke , Cao Lihua , Zhao Botong , Li Ning , Wu Di , Han Xiyu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObject detection is one of the core tasks of computer vision, and bounding box (bbox) regression is one of the basic tasks of object detection. In recent years of related research, bbox regression is often used in the Intersection over Union (IoU) loss and its improved version. In this paper, for the first time, we introduce the Dice coefficient into the regression loss calculation and propose a new measure which is superior to and can replace the IoU. We define three properties of the new measure and prove the theory by mathematical reasoning and analysis of the existing work. This paper also proposes the N-IoU regression loss family. And the superiority of the N-IoU regression loss family is proved by designing simulation experiments and comparative experiments. The main results of this paper are: (1) The proposed new measure is better than IoU which can be used to evaluate bounding box regression, and the three properties of the new measure can be used as a broad criterion for the design of regression loss functions; and (2) we propose N-IoU loss. The parameter n of N-IOU can be debugged, which can be widely adapted to different application scenarios with higher flexibility, and the regression performance is better.
Passion-Net: a robust precise and explainable predictor for hate speech detection in Roman Urdu text
Authors: Mehmood Faiza , Ghafoor Hina , Asim Muhammad Nabeel , Ghani Muhammad Usman , Mahmood Waqar , Dengel Andreas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith an aim to eliminate or reduce the spread of hate content across social media platforms, the development of artificial intelligence supported computational predictors is an active area of research. However, diversity of languages hinders development of generic predictors that can precisely identify hate content. Several language-specific hate speech detection predictors have been developed for most common languages including English, Chinese and German. Specifically, for Urdu language a few predictors have been developed and these predictors lack in predictive performance. The paper in hand presents a precise and explainable deep learning predictor which makes use of advanced language modelling strategies for the extraction of semantic and discriminative patterns. Extracted patterns are utilized to train an attention-based novel classifier that is competent in precisely identifying hate content. Over coarse-grained benchmark dataset, the proposed predictor significantly outperforms state-of-the-art predictor by 8.7% in terms of accuracy, precision and F1-score. Similarly, over fine-grained dataset, in comparison with state-of-the-art predictor, it achieves performance gain of 10.6%, 17.6%, 18.6% and 17.6% in terms of accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score.
Electrochemical corrosion behavior of β-Ti alloy in a physiological saline solution and the impact of H2O2 and albumin
Authors: Boraei Nobl F. El , Ibrahim Magdy A. M. , Rehim Sayed S. Abd El , Elshamy Ibrahim H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOrthopedic and dental equipment have always been made of Ti and its alloys. In physiological saline solution, the corrosion behavior of the β-Ti alloy, as a possible replacement for Ti and Ti6Al4V in medical applications, was studied. In agreement with the EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), the PPCs (potentiodynamic polarization curves) findings, and the OCP (the open circuit potential), the specimens’ resistance of corrosion declines in the next arrangement: β-Ti alloy > Ti6Al4V alloy > Ti in a physiological saline solution (PSS). Because of the thin layer of Ti oxide that forms on its surface, the β-Ti alloy is widely known for its ability to resist corrosion in dental applications. H2O2, a reactive oxygen species that is present during inflammation, and albumin, the most prevalent protein in biological fluids, were added to in vitro tests to stimulate peri-implant inflammatory conditions. Consequently, for the first time in PSS at 310 K, electrochemical and long-term immersion tests were utilized to assay the impact of BSA (bovine serum albumin) and H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) on the β-Ti alloy corrosion. Because hydrogen peroxide has a high oxidizing effect, its existence increases the OCP’s positive trend. The EIS and PPCs show that albumin suppresses both the cathodic reaction and the anodic dissolution, whereas hydrogen peroxide enhances both the cathodic and anodic reactions. It was discovered that there was a good correlation between the electrochemical data and SEM photomicrographs obtained before and after corrosion testing.
Underwater Directional Acoustic Source Based on Pentamode Material
Authors: Zhao Binghao , Wang Peng , Wang Dongwei , Hu Gengkai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn underwater directional acoustic emitter is conceived with a highly anisotropic lattice material, whose acoustic characteristics manifest strong dependence on the orientation of the lattice material’s principal axis. Exploiting these features, a cylindrical structure made of such anisotropic lattice material is engineered to possess distinct impedance values in different directions, thereby facilitating wave emission along the principal axis while inducing reflection in other directions. Notably, through numerical simulations, it is demonstrated that the emission direction can be effectively manipulated by adjusting the principal axis orientation, concurrently enhancing the emitted power. In contrast to previous directional acoustic structures, the compact emitter presented in this study can get rid of the size-wavelength constraint, enabling effective control of low-frequency waves.