bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rural–urban disparities in health care delivery for children with medical complexity and moderating effects of payer, disability, and community poverty
Authors: Arakelyan Mary , Freyleue Seneca D. , Schaefer Andrew P. , Austin Andrea M. , Moen Erika L. , O'Malley A. James , Goodman David C. , Leyenaar JoAnna K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeChildren with medical complexity (CMC) may be at increased risk of rural–urban disparities in health care delivery given their multifaceted health care needs, but these disparities are poorly understood. This study evaluated rural–urban disparities in health care delivery to CMC and determined whether Medicaid coverage, co‐occurring disability, and community poverty modified the effects of rurality on care delivery.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study of 2012–2017 all‐payer claims data from Colorado, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire included CMC <18 years. Health care delivery measures (ambulatory clinic visits, emergency department visits, acute care hospitalizations, total hospital days, and receipt of post‐acute care) were compared for rural‐ versus urban‐residing CMC in multivariable regression models, following established methods to evaluate effect modification.FindingsOf 112,475 CMC, 7307 (6.5%) were rural residing and 105,168 (93.5%) were urban residing. A total of 68.9% had Medicaid coverage, 33.9% had a disability, and 39.7% lived in communities with >20% child poverty. In adjusted analyses, rural‐residing CMC received significantly fewer ambulatory visits (risk ratio [RR] = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94–0.96), more emergency visits (RR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.08–1.16), and fewer hospitalization days (RR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.85–0.96). The estimated modification effects of rural residence by Medicaid coverage, disability, and community poverty were each statistically significant. Differences in the odds of having a hospitalization and receiving post‐acute care did not persist after incorporating sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and interaction effects.ConclusionsRural‐ and urban‐residing CMC differed in their receipt of health care, and Medicaid coverage, co‐occurring disabilities, and community poverty modified several of these effects. These modifying effects should be considered in clinical and policy initiatives to ensure that such initiatives do not widen rural–urban disparities.
Pharmacologic interventions for the treatment of equine herpesvirus‐1 in domesticated horses: A systematic review
Authors: Goehring Lutz , Dorman David C. , Osterrieder Klaus , Burgess Brandy A. , Dougherty Kelsie , Gross Peggy , Neinast Claire , Pusterla Nicola , Soboll‐Hussey Gisela , Lunn David P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundEquine herpes virus type 1 (EHV‐1) infection in horses is associated with upper respiratory disease, neurological disease, abortions, and neonatal death.Review QuestionDoes pharmacological therapy decrease either the incidence or severity of disease or infection caused by EHV‐1 in domesticated horses?MethodsA systematic review was preformed searching AGRICOLA, CAB Abstracts, Cochrane, PubMed, Web of Science, and WHO Global Health Index Medicus Regional Databases to identify articles published before February 15, 2021. Selection criteria were original research reports published in peer reviewed journals, and studies investigating in vivo use of therapeutic agents for prevention or treatment of EHV‐1 in horses. Outcomes assessed included measures related to clinical outcomes that reflect symptomatic EHV‐1 infection or virus infection. We evaluated risk of bias and performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.ResultsA total of 7009 unique studies were identified, of which 9 met the inclusion criteria. Two studies evaluated valacyclovir or small interfering RNAs, and single studies evaluated the use of a Parapoxvirus ovis‐based immunomodulator, human alpha interferon, an herbal supplement, a cytosine analog, and heparin. The level of evidence ranged between randomized controlled studies and observational trials. The risk of bias was moderate to high and sample sizes were small. Most studies reported either no benefit or minimal efficacy of the intervention tested.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOur review indicates minimal or limited benefit either as a prophylactic or post‐exposure treatment for any of the studied interventions in the mitigation of EHV‐1‐associated disease outcome.
Associations between breastfeeding duration and adherence to complementary feeding recommendations in Scotland
Authors: Garcia Ada L. , Huang Jiali , Wright Charlotte M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe aimed to describe how breastfeeding relates to adherence to complementary feeding (CF) recommendations, diet diversification and feeding skills development and whether sociodemographic factors explain any differences observed. The Scottish Maternal Infant and Nutrition Survey for infants aged 8–12 months collected breastfeeding history, CF practices, diet and sociodemographic data using a self‐completion questionnaire. Non‐healthful CF practices were starting CF < 6 months, any consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs), sweet or salty snacks (treats) or unmodified cow's milk and regular consumption of commercial baby foods. Diet diversification and feeding skills were assessed by amount of self‐feeding and number of food groups, meals and snacks eaten daily. Of the 2730 mothers, 20% were solely infant formula fed (IFF) and 48% continued breastfeeding ≥6 months. Compared to IFF babies, mothers who gave any breast milk ≥6 months were more likely to start CF ≥ 6 months compared to those IFF (66% vs. 37%) and less likely to give treats (15% vs. 45%), SSBs (11% vs. 20%) and commercial baby foods (31% vs. 53%). These associations remained highly significant (p < 0.001) even after sociodemographic factor adjustment. Despite starting CF later, infants breastfed ≥6 months ate the same number of food groups and meals as those IFF, were just as likely to self‐feed purees and more likely to self‐feed finger foods daily (87% vs. 81% p < 0.001). Mothers who breastfeed beyond 6 months adhere more to CF recommendations and start CF later compared to IFF, but their babies eat a similarly diverse diet and have similar feeding skills.
Pain intensity and self‐perceived burden mediate the relationship between family functioning and pain catastrophizing in patients with neuropathic pain
Authors: Fang Yu , Liu Mengjie , Wu Min , Liu Mengshi , Niu Tianchen , Zhang Xiaoman 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between family functioning, pain intensity, self‐perceived burden, and pain catastrophizing. Moreover, we also wanted to explore the multiple mediating roles of pain intensity and self‐perceived burden. From October 2022 to March 2023, 252 Chinese people with neuropathic pain completed face‐to‐face questionnaires to assess family functioning, pain intensity, self‐perceived burden, and pain catastrophizing. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and a structural equation model. The results showed better family functioning was significantly associated with more intense pain, less self‐perceived burden, and less pain catastrophizing. Mediation analysis showed that family functioning could indirectly affect pain catastrophizing through pain intensity and self‐perceived burden in addition to a direct effect on pain catastrophizing. Moreover, the mediating variable of pain intensity played a masking role. These findings suggest that good family functioning can effectively reduce the self‐perceived burden and pain catastrophizing in patients with neuropathic pain. However, family functioning cannot show its maximum effectiveness, and it may be necessary to construct a model of family functioning suitable for patients with neuropathic pain in the future.
Barriers to early diagnosis and management of oral cancer in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Martínez‐Ramírez Josefina , Saldivia‐Siracusa Cristina , González‐Pérez Leonor‐Victoria , Cuadra Zelaya Florence Juana Maria , Gerber‐Mora Roberto , Cabrera Osmani Fabricio Guevara , Bologna‐Molina Ronell , Gilligan Gerardo , Delgado‐Azañero Wilson , Rajendra Santosh Arvind Babu , González‐Arriagada Wilfredo Alejandro , Villarroel‐Dorrego Mariana , Rojas Bernardo Venegas , Gallagher Karen Patricia Domínguez , Tager Elena María José Román , Aranda‐Romo Saray , García‐Heredia Gilda Lucía , Garcia Efrain Cima , Hurtado Ileana , Turcios Claudette Arambú , Espinal Leira Patricia Solis , González Rúben Alexander Martínez , Prado Ribeiro Ana Carolina , Ribeiro‐Rotta Rejane Faria , Kowalski Luiz Paulo , Curado Maria Paula , Toporcov Tatiana Natasha , Sollecito Thomas Peter , Carvalho Andre Lopes , Lopes Marcio Ajudarte , Warnakulasuriya Saman , Santos‐Silva Alan Roger 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore perceived barriers to early diagnosis and management of oral cancer, as well as potential pathways for improvement in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used a self‐administered online questionnaire created via the Research Electronic Data Capture platform. The survey was distributed to health professionals trained in Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Dentists with clinical and academic expertise in oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) and oral cancer. Data obtained were systematically organized and analyzed descriptively using Microsoft Excel.ResultsTwenty‐three professionals from 21 LAC countries participated. Major barriers included the limited implementation of OPMD and oral cancer control plans (17.4%), low compulsory reporting for OPMD (8.7%) and oral cancer (34.8%), unclear referral pathways for OPMD (34.8%) and oral cancer (43.5%), and a shortage of trained professionals (8.7%). Participants endorsed the utility of online education (100%) and telemedicine (91.3%).ConclusionThe survey highlights major perceived barriers to early diagnosis and management of OPMD and oral cancer in LAC, as well as potential avenues for improvement.
Does anesthesia duration or number of cases per patient predict safety events?
Authors: Berens R. J. , Greene C. C. , Frahm C. E. , McCormick M. E. , Hoffman G. M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe need for dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia is increasing, with varying needs between patients. Mortality has been found to be a rare event in these patients; however other perioperative events can and do occur. Previous studies have established increased incidence of perioperative events with younger, sicker children, and longer anesthetics, however, no studies to date have evaluated if the incidence of perioperative events is more closely associated with one long anesthetic or multiple anesthetics per patient.AimsTo evaluate the association of perioperative events related to single anesthetic duration or number of anesthetics per patient for dental rehabilitation.MethodsAfter Children's Wisconsin Human Research Protection Program determined this quality activity did not meet the definition of human subjects research, we performed an epidemiologic observational evaluation by extracting all dental related cases (dental alone or with oral surgeon vs. dental with other specialties) with an associated general anesthesia encounter from Children's Wisconsin electronic data warehouse from June 1, 2015 to December 31, 2021. These cases occurred at a free‐standing children's hospital or associated pediatric‐only ambulatory surgery center. The risk of perioperative safety events was analyzed for previously identified risk groups such as American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA‐PS), patient age, anesthesia case time with the addition of number of dental cases per patient.ResultsIn this study, 8468 procedures were performed on 8082 patients. Of this cohort, 7765 patients underwent one procedure for dental care while 317 patients underwent a total of 703 dental‐related procedures, ranging from two to five procedures per patient. Multivariable logistic regression identified increased risk of perioperative events in patients with ASA‐PS 3 (n = 1459, rate 1.78%, p value .001, OR 5.7, CI 2.1–15.5) and ASA‐PS 4 (n = 86, rate 5.8%, p < .001, OR 17.2, CI 4.4–67.3), anesthesia duration (p < .001, OR 1.46, CI 1.21–1.76), but no increased risk with number of anesthetics per patient (p value .54, OR 0.81, CI 0.4–1.61).ConclusionsLimiting dental care under general anesthesia to multiple short cases may decrease the risk of perioperative events when compared to completing all treatment in one long operative session.
Comparison survey on family caregivers of older persons in Japan and Thailand
Authors: Ryuno Hirochika , Greiner Chieko , Tamdee Decha , Okamoto Nahoko , Tamdee Patrapan , Isowa Tokiko , Booonchiang Waraporn , Baba Yuji , Kitagawa Akiko 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundWhile rapid population ageing is occurring worldwide, its speed is especially prominent in Asian countries. In Asia, cultural diversity might significantly affect care burden; however, few studies have investigated the differences in care burden, and mental, physical and social conditions among Asian countries. This study aimed to clarify the situations of and differences in family caregivers (FCs) of older persons in Japan and Thailand, and evaluate the factors associated with care burden in both countries.MethodsA cross‐national survey of 217 in‐home FCs was conducted in Japan and Thailand and mainly included items regarding care burden and psychosocial conditions. Differences between the two countries were obtained, and the factors associated with care burden were analysed by multiple regression analyses.ResultsThe FCs' and care receivers’ mean ages (64.8 ± 11.1 and 84.8 ± 8.6 years, respectively) in Japan were significantly higher than the mean ages (49.1 ± 13.3 and 77.1 ± 9.5 years) in Thailand. In Japan, FCs had more severe care burden, loneliness, and stress compared to those in Thailand. In Thailand, FCs had more social connections and informal support than those in Japan. The factors associated with care burden were different in each country; thus, severe stress, low emotional care preparation, and low willingness to continue care at home were significantly associated with severe care burden in Japan, whereas poor relationships with care receivers, few social connections, low confidence in providing care, low emotional care preparation, and lack of informal support were significantly associated with severe care burden in Thailand.ConclusionsDespite there being a long‐term care insurance system in Japan, which is absent in Thailand, care burden and psychosocial conditions of FCs might be worse in Japan. There was a clear difference in the factors associated with care burden between Japan and Thailand.
High‐frequency palaeoenvironmental changes in the mixed siliciclastic–carbonate sedimentary system from a lower Permian restricted basin (West Gondwana, southern Brazil)
Authors: Brito Ailton S. , Nogueira Afonso C. R. , Dos Santos Renan F. , Angélica Rômulo S. , Rodrigues René 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTGlobal climatic and palaeogeographical changes generated a siliciclastic–carbonate system with high organic matter accumulations in a shallow sea during the lower Permian in Western Gondwana. The 60 m thick mixed siliciclastic–carbonate succession (Irati Formation and the base of the Serra Alta Formation) from the Paraná Basin represents a singular record of the interplay between carbonate production and siliciclastic input, providing a window of opportunity to integrate large‐scale depositional architecture with facies and geochemical analyses. The detailed study of cores supported by outcrop columnar sections revealed a siliciclastic‐dominated, retrogradational to aggradational facies, and a carbonate‐dominated, mixed aggradational to progradational facies composing three depositional sequences that record an outer‐ramp and mid to upper‐ramp. An integrated approach based on the description of facies and microfacies, organic geochemistry and mineralogical composition, indicated high‐frequency palaeoenvironmental changes during the evolution of this restricted basin. Climate changes, resulting in humid and dry phases, produced ideal conditions for high organic matter production and dolomite formation. The high organic matter production (humid phases) in addition to the restricted condition was responsible for the anoxic bottom waters that were widespread due to the low angle and homoclinal platform. Nutrient‐rich freshwater inflows in the anoxic and hypersaline restricted basin created a density‐stratified water column causing low‐salinity surface and anoxic bottom water, which allowed planktonic life, typical of lakes, such Botryococcus braunii, to flourish in the photic zone and sulphur bacteria to populate below the chemocline. Microbial activity induced primary dolomite precipitation (dry phases) and widespread formation of synsedimentary dolostone. Freshwater inflow and marine incursions are reflected in the organic matter accumulation (kerogen types I and II, respectively), generating bituminous shale with high total organic carbon (5 to 27 wt.%).
The party of Reagan: External (but not internal) personalization
Authors: Harmel Robert , Kockaya Leon B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this article is to assess whether the relationship that existed between Ronald Reagan and the Republican Party could reasonably be characterized as one of personalization/de‐institutionalization of the party.1MethodsThe authors employ the common conceptual framework developed for this special issue. Evidence is drawn from both popular journalism and scholarly sources.Results and ConclusionWhile bits of evidence exist for personalization, especially with regard to the external dimension, the collective evidence stops short of what is required to be considered de‐institutionalization of the party.
Estimation of the incubation time distribution in the singly and doubly interval censored model
Authors: Groeneboom Piet 
Published: February 2024

We analyze nonparametric estimators for the distribution function of the incubation time in the singly and doubly interval censoring model. The classical approach is to use parametric families like Weibull, log‐normal or gamma distributions in the estimation procedure. We propose nonparametric estimates for functions of the observations, which stay closer to the data than the classical parametric methods. We also give explicit limit distributions for discrete versions of the models and apply this to compute confidence intervals. The methods complement the analysis of the continuous model in Groeneboom (2021, 2023). R scripts for computation of the estimates are provided in Groeneboom (2020).
THE EFFECT OF HARDENING TECHNIQUES ON WEAR RESISTANCE AND FATIGUE LIFE OF DUCTILE CAST IRON
Authors: Obaid Abdulsalam Y. , AlSamarai Riyadh A. , Ahmed Saad R. , Al-Douri Y. 
Published: February 2024

Many hardening methods have been developed and proposed as an effective technology to produce microstructural modification and improvement of mechanical properties of variety metallic materials. In this experimental study, the effects of applying laser peening (LP) and friction stir processing (FSP) methods on wear resistance and fatigue properties of selected cast iron ASTM A536, grade (80-55-06) with ferrite/pearlite microstructure were investigated. Microscopic study revealed evident refinement and crashing of graphite nodules as 50% of the basic size with FSP and 32% with LP within the processed surfaces hence improving average microhardness by 100% and 48% respectively. The wear resistance and fatigue life were increased by 33% and 122% after FSP whereas, the corresponding increments were 15% and 22% after LP in comparison with the basic ductile iron. These improvements were linked to surface hardening, compressive stresses and structural modification by the employed processes.
Neuropilin‐1 regulates renin synthesis in juxtaglomerular cells
Authors: Shen Yunzhu , Lotenberg Kenza , Zaworski Jeremy , Broeker Katharina A.‐E. , Vasseur Florence , Louedec Liliane , Placier Sandrine , Frère Perrine , Verpont Marie‐Christine , Galichon Pierre , Buob David , Hadchouel Juliette , Terzi Fabiola , Chatziantoniou Christos , Calmont Amélie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRenin is the key enzyme of the systemic renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, which plays an essential role in regulating blood pressure and maintaining electrolyte and extracellular volume homeostasis. Renin is mainly produced and secreted by specialized juxtaglomerular (JG) cells in the kidney. In the present study, we report for the first time that the conserved transmembrane receptor neuropilin‐1 (NRP1) participates in the development of JG cells and plays a key role in renin production. We used the myelin protein zero‐Cre (P0‐Cre) to abrogate Nrp1 constitutively in P0‐Cre lineage‐labelled cells of the kidney. We found that the P0‐Cre precursor cells differentiate into renin‐producing JG cells. We employed a lineage‐tracing strategy combined with RNAscope quantification and metabolic studies to reveal a cell‐autonomous role for NRP1 in JG cell function. Nrp1‐deficient animals displayed abnormal levels of tissue renin expression and failed to adapt properly to a homeostatic challenge to sodium balance. These findings provide new insights into cell fate decisions and cellular plasticity operating in P0‐Cre–expressing precursors and identify NRP1 as a novel key regulator of JG cell maturation.
imageKey points
Renin is a centrepiece of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and is produced by specialized juxtaglomerular cells (JG) of the kidney.
Neuropilin‐1 (NRP1) is a conserved membrane‐bound receptor that regulates vascular and neuronal development, cancer aggressiveness and fibrosis progression.
We used conditional mutagenesis and lineage tracing to show that NRP1 is expressed in JG cells where it regulates their function.
Cell‐specific Nrp1 knockout mice present with renin paucity in JG cells and struggle to adapt to a homeostatic challenge to sodium balance.
The results support the versatility of renin‐producing cells in the kidney and may open new avenues for therapeutic approaches.