bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regeneration of fertile doubled haploid plants from colchicine‐supplemented media in wheat anther culture
Authors: Zamani I. , Kovács G. , Gouli‐Vavdinoudi E. , Roupakias D. G. , Barnabás B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe effect of colchicine added to induction medium for the production of fertile doubled haploid plants after in‐vitro anther culture was studied in wheat, Triticum aestivum L. For this, one winter and two spring wheat varieties were used. Anther cultures of the three genotypes were treated with 0.03% colchicine for 3 days at the beginning of microspore induction. Colchicine had no significant effect on anther response and embryoid production of the genotypes examined. However, in the winter wheat genotype ‘Mv Szigma’, colchicine caused a significant reduction in microspore‐derived structures. A significant decrease was also observed in plant regeneration ability of two genotypes (‘Vergina’ and ‘Acheloos’) after colchicine treatment. In addition, a significant reduction of the albinos produced was observed in all genotypes after olchicine treatment. In contrast, the regenerants obtained from the colchicine‐supplemented induction media produced significantly higher percentages of fertile plants in all genotypes. However, the level of fertility, was significantly different among the fertile plants obtained. This, together with the observation that in the case of the winter wheat variety the colchicine treatment resulted in 100% completely fertile plants with a high seed‐setting ability indicate that there is space for further improvement of the method when it is applied to spring cultivars. Finally, the increased number of seeds per 100 plated anthers obtained from all three genotypes after colchicine treatment, clearly demonstrates that the addition of colchicine to induction medium was superior to the conventional anther culture method and it could therefore be introduced into wheat breeding programmes.
Genetic diversity in tropical maize inbred lines: heterotic group assignment and hybrid performance determined by RFLP markers
Authors: Benchimol L. L. , de Souza C. L. , Garcia A. A. F. , KONO P. M. S. , Mangolin C. A. , Barbosa A. M. M. , Coelho A. S. G. , de Souza A. P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTropical maize inbred lines, eight derived from a Thai synthetic population (BR‐105) and 10 from a Brazilian composite population (BR‐106), were assayed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms with 185 clone‐enzyme combinations. The aim of this study was to investigate genetic distances among tropical maize material and their relationship to heterotic group allocation and hybrid performance. Genetic distances (GDs) were on average greater for BR‐105×BR‐106 lines (0.77) than for BR‐106×BR‐106 (0.71) and for BR‐105×BR‐105 (0.69) lines. Cluster analysis resulted in a clear separation of BR‐105 and BR‐106 populations and was according to pedigree information. Correlations of parental GDs with single crosses and their heterosis for grain yield were high for line crosses from the same heterotic group and low for line combinations from different heterotic groups. Our results suggest that RFLP‐based GDs are efficient and reliable to assess and allocate genotypes from tropical maize populations into heterotic groups. However, RFLP‐based GDs are not suitable for predicting the performance of line crosses from genetically different heterotic groups.
Analysis of diallel crosses between wheat genotypes with genetically different resistance to Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron) Deighton
Authors: Lind V. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwo diallels were analysed for general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) to study the resistance of crosses‐between wheat genotypes, advanced to the F5 generation, to Pseudocer‐cosporella herpotrichoides. The parents either carried the resistance‐gene Pch‐1 or had different levels of quantitative resistance, one genotype was susceptible. At medium milk‐ripening, significant effects were‐found for GCA and SCA. GCA effects were the more important. Diallel crosses between genotypes, all carrying Pch‐1, revealed interactions‐of the gene with the genotypic background. Some combinations had a‐higher level of resistance than the best parent. In these populations'CH‐75417’ was involved as a parent. Both ‘CH‐75417’ and ‘F–210.13.4.42’ had significant GCA effects. Crosses between quantitatively resistant parents yielded populations that transgressed both parents. The increased resistance level was associated with ‘Cappelle‐Desprez’, distinguished by its high GCA. In some crosses SCA contributed significantly to an increase in resistance level. Selection for resistance within the best advanced populations is recommended since it‐takes advantage of additive gene action and the high heritability estimates based on ELISA values in plant progenies.
Molecular mapping of a new gene for resistance to frogeye leaf spot of soya bean in ‘Peking’
Authors: Yang W. , Weaver D. B. , Nielsen B. L. , Qiu J. , Salamini F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAmplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and microsatellite (simple sequence repeat, SSR) techniques were used to map the _RGSpeking gene, which is resistant to most isolates of Cercospora sojina in the soya bean cultivar ‘Peking’. The mapping was conducted using a defined F2 population derived from the cross of ‘Peking’(resistant) ×‘Lee’(susceptible). Of 64 EcoRI and MseI primer combinations, 30 produced polymorphisms between the two parents. The F2 population, consisting of 116 individuals, was screened with the 30 AFLP primer pairs and three mapped SSR markers to detect markers possibly linked to RcsPeking. One AFLP marker amplified by primer pair E‐AAC/M‐CTA and one SSR marker Satt244 were identified to be linked to ResPeking. The gene was located within a 2.1‐cM interval between markers AACCTA178 and Satt244, 1.1 cM from Satt244 and 1.0 cM from AACCTA178. Since the SSR markers Satt244 and Satt431 have been mapped to molecular linkage group (LG) J of soya bean, the ResPeking resistance gene was putatively located on the LG J. This will provide soya bean breeders an opportunity to use these markers for marker‐assisted selection for frogeye leaf spot resistance in soya bean.
Production and characterization of Raphanus sativus‐Brassica rapa monosomic chromosome addition lines
Authors: Kaneko Y. , Yano H. , Bang S. W. , Matsuzawa Y. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBreeding of Raphanus sativus‐Brassica rapa monosomic chromosome addition lines (MALs, 2n = 19) was carried out by backcrossing the synthesized amphidiploid line, Raphanobrassica (R. sativus×B. rapa, 2n = 38, RRAA, line RA89) with R. sativus cv. ‘Shogoin’ (2n = 18, RR). In the first cross of Raphanobrassica× radish, four sesquidiploidal BC1 plants (2n = 28, RRA, RA89‐36‐1, RA89‐31‐1, RA89‐31‐2, RA89‐31‐3) were successfully developed. In these plants, the chromosome configurations of 9II + 10I and 10II + 8I were observed frequently at first metaphase (MI) of meiosis in pollen mother cells (PMCs). The RA 89‐36‐1 plant produced many seeds in the reciprocal backcrosses with radish. About 50% of the BC2 plants obtained from the cross of RA89‐36‐1 plant × radish were 2n = 19 plants, followed by 2n = 18 plants (24%) and 2n = 20 plants (19%). In the reciprocal cross, 2n = 19 plants were also developed at the rate of 40%. From analysis of specific morphological traits, 2n = 19 plants were classified into eight types (a‐h). When 25 selected primers were used in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers derived from B. rapa for each type of MAL were detected in numbers between three for e‐type and 16 for b‐type. RAPD markers specific for each type alone were from one (OPE 05‐344) for h‐type to nine for b‐type. In the g‐type, no marker specific to this type alone was observed. However, 19 bands were common between at least two types. These MAL plants exhibited predominantly the chromosome configuration of 9II + 1I at MI of PMCs, pollen and seed fertility being the same level as the radish cv. ‘Shogoin’. From the morphological traits and DNA markers, eight different MAL types among 10 expected were identified.
Congruence of conventional and molecular studies to locate genes that control flavone synthesis in maize silks
Authors: WIDSTROM N. W. , SNOOK M. E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe presence of maysin, a flavone glycoside, and its analogues in the silks of corn is an important defence against invasion of the ear by corn earworm in the southeastern USA. Three dent maize inbreds with high silk‐maysin concentrations were evaluated for chromosomal location of major genes controlling synthesis of three antibiotic chemicals by crossing them to a series of waxy‐marked chromosome 9 reciprocal translocations. The data indicated that genes for maysin and its analogues are probably present on the short arms of chromosomes 1 and 10, and long arms of chromosomes 5 and 8 for inbred line GT114, the short arms of chromosome 1 and 6, and the long arms of chromosome 5 and 8 for inbred line GE37, and the short arms of chromosomes 1 and 10, and the long arm of chromosome 4 for inbred line SC102. These results are in general agreement with other translocation studies on corn earworm injury to sweet corn inbreds and gene and restriction fragment length polymorphism marker studies to locate quantitative trait loci (QTL) for maysin synthesis, with the exception that QTL on chromosome 9 have been found to be strongly associated with flavone synthesis. The most significant concordance between conventional and molecular techniques for locating chromosome regions influencing synthesis of antibiotic chemicals from silks of high silk antibiosis sources is found for the short arm of chromosome 1. This region is the most likely one on which to place emphasis during the initial stages of transferring high‐maysin silks to elite inbred lines. A chromosome 1 marker plus at least one more from any chosen high‐maysin inbred source should be sufficient to transfer high maysin silks to other lines. Other markers may be needed for transfer of specific traits when recovering recurrent parent genome types in a backcrossing procedure.
Genetic relationships between Sicilian wild populations of Brassica analysed with RAPD markers
Authors: Geraci A. , Divaret I. , Raimondo F. M. , Chèvre A.‐M. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Brassica comprises very variable species, both morphologically and genetically. Among these species, the Sicilian populations of Brassica sect. Brassica, species related to kale crops form a complex group. The genetic relationships among 15 populations occurring in Sicily and one from Calabria, representing the existing diversity, have been investigated using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. This assay, carried out with 22 arbitrary primers, generated 236 polymorphic fragments, 21 of which were specific for single populations (mainly Brassica insularis, Brassica incana and Brassica macro‐carpa). Jaccard's genetic distances were computed and the phylogenic tree was established using the UPGMA algorithm. The dendrogram obtained showed four branches grouping: (1) B. incana populations; (2) B. insularis and B. macrocarpa, occurring in small islands around Sicily; (3) B. rupestris populations; and (4) B. villosa populations. Within B. rupestris, only B. rupestris subsp. brevisiliqua was clustered in the B. villosa group. The classification obtained is discussed with regard to the morphological, ecological and geographical data.
Application of AFLP for the detection of sex‐specific markers in hemp
Authors: Flachowsky H. , Schumann E. , Weber W. E. , Peil A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwo dioecious hemp accessions (Can18 and Can17) were tested by bulked segregant analysis for polymorphisms between male and female bulks with amplified fragment length polymorphisms. Thirty‐nine primer combinations were tested and 20 of these yielded one to three male‐specific bands. In contrast, no female‐specific band was detected. Eight of these primer combinations were used for testing 80 progeny plants from a cross between two plants from Can18 and 30 plants from Can17. A total of 16 and 17 male‐specific fragments were obtained for Can 18 and Can 17, respectively. Eleven fragments exhibited the same fragment size in both accessions. All male plants, but not one female plant, showed the respective polymorphic band with each of the eight primer combinations. Problems regarding sex determination under field conditions were successfully overcome by testing plants that had been grown in small pots in a greenhouse. The abundant number of potential markers for the male sex, their complete cosegregation with male plants and the absence of markers for the female sex support the presence of a male sex chromosome in hemp.
A first attempt to use a Fusarium subglutinans culture filtrate for the selection of pineapple cultivars resistant to fusariose disease
Authors: Borrás O. , Santos R. , Matos A. P. , Cabral R. S. , Arzola M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPineapple, Ananas comosus L. Merr., cultivars differing in resistance to fusariose were examined for the phytotoxic effect of culture nitrate (CF), and fusaric acid (FA) isolated from Fusarium subglutinans (Wollew & Reinking) Nelson, Toussoun & Marasas. The possibility of using these substances on F1 hybrids as selection agents for resistance was also evaluated. The phytotoxic effect of these substances was assessed in pineapple plantlets from tissue culture by placing them on wounded leaf segments. The resistance level of the F1 hybrids and cultivars under natural conditions was measured in greenhouse field tests. The susceptible cultivars proved to be the most sensitive in each test, whereas resistant cultivars showed resistance to CF. FA affected all the cultivars independently of the degree of resistance of the cultivars The presence of other metabolites in CF was responsible for the screening effect between the varieties. Using CF as selection criteria allowed the selection of resistant plants with behaviour quite similar to plants where the fungus itself was used as the selection agent.
Pleiotropic effects of the ea7 photoperiod response gene on the morphology and agronomic traits in barley
Authors: Buck‐Sorlin G. H. , Börner A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe photoperiod‐insensitive barley mutant ‘Atsel’, carrying the recessive gene ea7, was studied together with the donor variety ‘Atlas’ (wild‐type, Ea7) under different daylengths with the aim of analysing pleiotropic effects. Grown under long and short photoperiods ‘Atsel’ flowered about 10 days and 34 days, respectively, earlier than ‘Atlas’. The significantly shorter life‐cycle of the photoperiod‐insensitive mutant resulted in several changes of plant morphology. Tillering, plant height, number of leaves and number of internodes were reduced. A lower number of florets per main spike was observed for ‘Atsel’, but only in the long photoperiod experiment. Finally, photoperiod insensitivity combined with a lower grain yield per plant was most pronounced under long‐day treatment. The data are comparable with results obtained from single chromosome recombinant lines of wheat that have differences in their photoperiod response caused by the genes Ppd1 or Ppd2.
The use of AFLP markers for the identification of carrot breeding lines and F1 hybrids
Authors: GRZEBELUS D. , SENALIK D. , JAGOSZ B. , SIMON P. W. , MICHALIK B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFour inbred lines of carrot (cytoplasmic male‐steriles and corresponding maintainers) and eight of their F1 hybrids were studied with the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique to examine their genetic relationship and produce markers useful for testing hybrid seed purity. Eighty‐six polymorphic amplicons were identified in bulked DNA samples using eight primer pair combinations. Genetic distance was estimated on the basis of the presence or absence of polymorphic bands. The dendrogram plotted on the basis of the AFLP data closely represented the pedigree relationships of the lines and their hybrids. From one to six amplicons specific for a breeding line were identified. Most of them were also present in the DNA bulks of respective F1 hybrids. However, screening performed on individual plants of two parental lines and the corresponding hybrid indicated insufficient uniformity of parental lines, limiting the applicability of AFLP markers for testing hybrid seed purity.
Inheritance of high palmitic acid content in the sunflower mutant CAS‐12 and its relationship with high oleic content
Authors: Pérez‐Vich B. , Garcés R. , Fernández‐Martínez J. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCAS‐12 is a sunflower mutant with increased levels of palmitic (C16: 0 = 30%) and oleic (C18: 1 = 55%) acids in its seed oil, hence it has a reduced linoleic acid content (C18: 2 < 5%). This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of high C16: 0 content and its relationship with high C18: 1 content in CAS‐12. Reciprocal crosses involving CAS‐12, CAS‐5 (high C16: 0 content), HAOL‐9 (high C18: 1 content) and HA‐89 (standard fatty acid profile) were made. The F1, F2 and BC1F1 generations were obtained. The genetic control of the high C16: 0 trait in CAS‐12 was partially recessive and gametophytic. In all cases, this character segregated in the ratio 19: 38: 7 (low: intermediate: high C16: 0 content) in the F2 generation. These results, together with the lack of segregation for C16: 0 content in crosses between CAS‐12 and CAS‐5, indicated that the genetic control of the high C16: 0 trait in CAS‐12 was similar to that in CAS‐5 in being controlled by partially recessive alleles (p1, p2, and p3) at three loci. Crosses between HA‐89 and CAS‐12, and HAOL‐9 and CAS‐5 (segregating for C16: 0 and C18: 1) demonstrated that the high C16: 0 and the high C18: 1 traits were independently inherited. However, C18: 1 segregation in these crosses exhibited reversal of dominance. Apparently, the low C18: 1 parental lines carried modifier genes causing the deviation.
Evaluation of aluminium tolerance in a spring rye collection by hydroponic screening
Authors: Hede A. R. , Skovmand B. , Ribaut J.‐M. , González‐de‐León D. , Stølen O. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAluminium (A1) tolerance of 63 rye accessions from a world spring rye collection was evaluated using the haematoxylin method and the root growth method. The haematoxylin method is based on the ability of A1‐tolerant seedlings to continue root growth following a short pulse treatment with a high Al concentration, while the root growth method uses the root growth and root tolerance index to judge A1 tolerance. Significantly higher levels of A1 tolerance were found in rye than in the A1‐tolerant bread wheat cultivar ‘Maringa’. Under the assumption that the ability of roots to grow under A1 stress is a combination of root vigour (long roots) and A1 tolerance, a hypothesis allowing for the differentiation of five genotype classes was suggested. This study demonstrated that the haematoxylin method and the root growth parameter identify genotypes with long root growth under A1 stress, but failed to detect A1 tolerance in genotypes with poor root vigour. These genotypes can only be identified using the root tolerance index parameter. However, the haematoxylin method is highly suitable for screening large segregating populations derived from improved germplasm that has been preselected for agronomically preferable traits, including plant vigour.
Characterization and mapping of gene Rph19 conferring resistance to Puccinia hordei in the cultivar ‘Reka 1’ and several Australian barleys
Authors: Park R. F. , Karakousis A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPrevious studies established that the Australian barley cultivar ‘Prior’ possessed resistance to Puccinia hordei (RphP), displaying the same specificity as an uncharacterized resistance in the differential cultivar ‘Reka 1’ (also possessing Rph2). Multipathotype tests confirmed the presence RphP in nine additional barley cultivars and indicated that RphP differed in specificity to the genes Rph1 to Rph15 and Rph18, plus the gene RphX present in the barley cultivar ‘Shyri’. RphP was inherited as a single dominant gene. Mapping studies using a doubled haploid population derived from ‘Chebec’/‘Harrington’ located RphP to the long arm of chromosome 7H, and demonstrated linkage with an restriction fragment length polymorphism marker (pTAG732), a resistance gene analogue marker (RLch4(Nc)), and two microsatellite markers (HVM11 and HVM49) at genetic distances of about 4‐10 cM. RphP showed linkage of 28 ± 4.3 cM with Rph3. RphP was designated Rph19, with the allele designation Rph19.ah. Previous studies have established that virulence for Rph19 occurs in many barley growing regions of the world.
Genotyping apricot cultivars for self‐(in)compatibility by means of RNases associated with S alleles
Authors: Alburquerque N. , Egea J. , Pérez‐Tornero O. , Burgos L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn previous work the existence of proteins with RNase activity associated with S alleles in apricot was demonstrated. These proteins were inherited as described previously for the inheritance of self‐compatibility in this species. In this study, new cultivars have been genotyped for self‐compatibility using this method and it has been demonstrated that in all self‐compatible cultivars examined, the self‐compatibility allele is the same and is associated with an RNase with high activity. Homozygous self‐compatible individuals have been detected among established cultivars as well as among seedlings following breeding activity. This germplasm is of great value within the breeding programme because only self‐compatible seedlings will be produced. The number of S alleles in apricot appears to be low and only eight different alleles have been found in the large number of different cultivars screened. Furthermore, there are alleles present in the Spanish population that are also found in the genetic pool of North American cultivars. The screening of a progeny from the cross between the American cultivar ‘Goldrich’ and the Spanish cultivar ‘Pepito’ demonstrated the existence of the common allele S2 (detected previously by examining RNases), which was confirmed by the segregation of self‐compatibility in the progeny.
An ms2 male‐sterile, female‐fertile soybean sharing phenotypic expression with other ms mutants
Authors: Bione N. C. P. , Pagliarini M. S. , de Almeida L. A. , Seifert A. L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractGenetic and cytological studies of microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis were conducted with a natural male‐sterile, female‐fertile soybean mutant (BR97‐17971) found in an F4 breeding line of the Brazilian soybean breeding programme. Allele tests with ms Type Collection from USDA/ARS showed that the gene was allelic to ms2. Conventional analysis of microsporogenesis revealed a differential meiotic behaviour from the normal one reported in ms2 male‐sterile plants. Sterile plants have different levels of meiotic abnormalities related to chromosome segregation. Despite segregational abnormalities in the first and second divisions leading to micronuclei formation, the main meiotic cause of pollen sterility was absent or the defective cytokinesis following telophase II. Absent or defective cytokinesis has never been reported in ms2 mutants, but it was reported in the ms1 and ms4 mutants. After telophase II, one to four nucleate microspores underwent degeneration. Cross‐sections of sterile plant anthers showed that, at telophase II, the tapetal cells with large vacuoles degenerated. Despite callose deposition around meiocytes, sterile plants did not form tetrads. They degenerated and collapsed after callose dissolution, forming an amorphous mass. Anthers from male‐sterile plants were shrivelled.