bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the addition of acrylonitrile/ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM)/styrene graft copolymer on the morphology–properties relationships in poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile)/EPDM rubber blends
Authors: Qu Xiongwei , Shang Shurui , Liu Guodong , Zhang Shengwen , Zhang Yan , Zhang Liucheng 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBlends of poly(styrene‐co‐acylonitrile) (SAN) with ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM) rubber were investigated. An improved toughness–stiffness balance of the SAN/EPDM blend was obtained when an appropriate amount of acrylonitrile–EPDM–styrene (AES) graft copolymer was added, prepared by grafting EPDM with styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer, and mixed thoroughly with both of the two components of the blend. Morphological observations indicated a finer dispersion of the EPDM particles in the SAN/EPDM/AES blends, and particle size distribution became narrower with increasing amounts of AES. Meanwhile, it was found that the SAN/EPDM blend having a ratio of 82.5/17.5 by weight was more effective in increasing the impact strength than that of the 90/10 blend. From dynamic mechanic analysis of the blends, the glass‐transition temperature of the EPDM‐rich phase increased from −53.9 to −46.2°C, even −32.0°C, for the ratio of 82.5/17.5 blend of SAN/EPDM, whereas that of the SAN‐rich phase decreased from 109.2 to 108.6 and 107.5°C with the additions of 6 and 10% AES copolymer contents, respectively. It was confirmed that AES graft copolymer is an efficient compatibilizer for SAN/EPDM blend. The compatibilizer plays an important role in connecting two phases and improving the stress transfer in the blends. Certain morphological features such as thin filament connecting and even networking of the dispersed rubber phase may contribute to the overall ductility of the high impact strength of the studied blends. Moreover, its potential to induce a brittle–ductile transition of the glassy SAN matrix is considered to explain the toughening mechanism. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1685–1697, 2004
Crosslinking studies on poly(ethylene terephthalate‐co‐1,4‐phenylene bisacrylate)
Authors: Ma Hongming , Vargas Marian , Collard David M. , Kumar Satish , Schiraldi David A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractSeveral compositionally different poly(ethylene terephthalate‐co‐1,4‐phenylene bisacrylate) (PETPBA) copolymers were melt spun into fibers. The resulting fibers were subjected to UV irradiation to induce crosslinking. Evidence of crosslinking was obtained from FTIR, solid‐state 13C‐NMR, thermal analysis, and solubility. Irradiation of the fiber results in an increased glass‐transition temperature, reduced thermal shrinkage, and enhanced modulus retention at elevated temperature. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1698–1702, 2004
Surface properties of miscible poly(1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropyl methacrylate)/phenoxy blends
Authors: Huang H. L. , Goh S. H. , Lai Doreen M. Y. , Huan C. H. A. , Wee A. T. S. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractPoly(1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropyl methacrylate) (PHF) is miscible with poly(hydroxyether of bisphenol‐A) (phenoxy) as shown by the optical transparency and a single glass‐transition temperature in each blend. FTIR spectroscopy shows that the interactions between PHF and phenoxy are not particularly strong. The surface properties of the blends were studied by contact angle measurements, dynamic and static time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The blend surfaces were enriched with PHF. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1798–1805, 2004
Effects of convergent flow on in situ fibrillation of TLCP in PEN
Authors: Li L. , Chan C. L. , Yue C. Y. , Lam Y. C. , Tam K. C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA polymer melt entering a capillary die from a cylinder undergoes a convergent flow in which there is a complex combination of extensional and shear flows. The convergent flow plays an important role in controlling the in situ fibrillation of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP) in a thermoplastic matrix melt. This study examines effects of the convergent flow on development of TLCP fibrils in a TLCP/poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) blend. A capillary rheometer was used and the extent of the convergent flow was varied by changing capillary dimension and shear rate. With a given capillary die, the TLCP fibrillation was found to increase with increasing shear rate because of the increased deformation of TLCP droplets. The establishment of a fully developed shear velocity profile by using a relatively long die is considered to be necessary to retain the TLCP fibrils initiated in the convergent flow region. At a given high shear rate, TLCP fibrillation improves with increasing capillary diameter (≤2 mm) because of the increased difference in velocity between the capillary and the cylinder. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1505–1513, 2004
Compatibilization of polystyrene and polyamide 6 mixtures with poly(styrene‐co‐sodium acrylate)
Authors: Rodríguez‐Ríos H. , Nuño‐Donlucas S. M. , Puig J. E. , González‐Núñez R. , Schulz P. C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn this work, the compatibilization of polystyrene‐and‐nylon 6 mixtures with the ionomer, poly(styrene‐co‐sodium acrylate), is investigated. The ionomer was synthesized by emulsion polymerization. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that an appreciable size reduction of the dispersed phase is achieved in the whole composition range, when small amounts of the ionomer were added. IR spectroscopy and water absorption tests disclose that a chemical reaction occurs between the carboxylic group of the ionomer and the terminal amine group of the polyamide 6, which allows the compatibilization process. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91:1736–1745, 2004
The effect of vibration injection molding on mechanical properties of polyolefin parts
Authors: Yan Zheng , Shen Kai Zhi , Zhang Jie 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn this paper an experimental study of vibration field effect on molded polymers specimens is carried out. A self‐made vibration injection device is employed to mold the experiment samples. In the experiment some polyolefin materials are investigated, and property tests for the specimens are carried out. The results show that the tensile strength of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) have an obvious increase, but polystyrene (PS) does not. The effect of vibration on the strength is related to the temperature, pressure, and gate. Lastly, the test results are analyzed and conclusions are presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1514–1518, 2004
Main‐chain liquid‐crystalline polymers containing azobenzene mesogen having long lateral aliphatic side chain: effect of copolymerization on thermal and phase behaviors
Authors: Sandhya K. Y. , Pillai C. K. S. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractHomo‐ and copolyesters of derivatives of hydroxyazobenzenecarboxylic acid with various percentage compositions of m‐hydroxy benzoic acid (m‐HBA)/p‐hydroxy benzoic acid (p‐HBA) were synthesized and characterized. The properties of the copolyesters were compared with their corresponding homopolyesters. The solubility of the copolyesters with m‐HBA increased because of the decrease in the rigidity of the polymer chain attributed to the introduction of nonlinear molecules, whereas the solubilities of the copolyesters with p‐HBA changed only slightly compared to their corresponding homopolyesters. Thermal and phase behaviors of the polymers were characterized by TGA, DSC, and polarizing light microscopy (PLM) methods. Above 30% composition of m‐HBA, the thermal stability of the copolyesters with m‐HBA decreased compared to that of the homopolyester P1, whereas the copolyesters of p‐HBA possessed greater thermal stability than that of their homopolyesters at all compositions. The introduction of the long, flexible alkyl side chain laterally to the backbone of the azobenzene moiety drastically reduced the transition temperature of the homopolyester, but without destroying the mesophase. The effect of copolymerization on liquid‐crystalline behavior and transition temperature of the copolymers was discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1976‐1982, 2004
Preparation and properties of nylon‐1010/montmorillonite nanocomposites by melt intercalation
Authors: Liu Zengjun , Zhou Peilin , Yan Deyue 
Published: December 2003

AbstractTwo types of nylon‐1010/MMT nanocomposites were successfully prepared by melt intercalation using a corotating twin‐screw extruder. The nanocomposites were characterized with X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It was found that the difference in the properties of the two types of the organo‐MMTs directly influences the structure and the properties of the obtained nanocomposites. The results of XRD and TEM showed that the DK2‐MMT nanocomposites possess an exfoliated structure and the nanocomposites containing 16C‐MMT exist as intercalated structures. The mechanical properties of the nylon‐1010/organo‐MMTs nanocomposites were better than those of the pure nynon‐1010. In addition, the properties of the DK2‐MMT nanocomposites were superior to those of the 16C‐MMT nanocomposites because of the different dispersibility of the two organo‐MMTs. The thermal stability of the nanocomposites was improved. The storage moduli of the nanocomposites increased and the glass‐transition temperature shifted to a slightly higher temperature because of the introduction of the organo‐MMTs. The addition of DK2‐MMT into the nylon‐1010 matrix accelerated the crystallization rate of the matrix. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91:1834‐1841, 2004
Inhibition of calcium oxalate monohydrate by poly(acrylic acid)s with different end groups
Authors: Doherty W. O. S. , Fellows C. M. , Gorjian S. , Senogles E. , Cheung W. H. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWater‐soluble low molecular weight polymers are known to affect the crystal habit of scale‐forming minerals and their rates of deposition. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(maleic acid) are commonly used to control scale formation in sugar mill evaporators. Calcium oxalate (both mono‐ and dihydrate) forms the bulk of the hard intractable scale found in Australian sugar mills, causing efficiency losses of significant economic importance. In this work, the formation of calcium oxalate monohydrate in a synthetic juice solution was investigated in the presence of PAAs of varying molecular weights and end‐group functionality and a strong dependency on both of these factors was observed. Terminal functionality was controlled using three chain‐transfer agents (CTA): thioethanol, thioglycolic acid, and dodecanthiol. Effectiveness of inhibition varied with CTA in the order thioethanol ∼ thioglycolic acid > dodecanthiol for all molecular weights. This suggests that polymer end groups play a role in scale inhibition. The polymers that were prepared with dodecanthiol accelerated rather than inhibited calcium oxalate formation, implying a different mode of action on calcium oxalate crystallization. Consistent with previous reports for other scales, the calcium oxalate inhibition tests show optimum effectiveness for PAAs of molecular weight 2000–4000. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2035–2041, 2004
In vitro blood compatibility of modified PDMS surfaces as superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic materials
Authors: Khorasani M. T. , Mirzadeh H. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe surface of polydimethylsiloxane rubber (PDMS) was irradiated by a CO2‐pulsed laser. The irradiated surfaces were grafted by hydroxyethylmethacrylate phosphatidylcholine (HEMAPC) by using the preirradiation method. The laser‐treated surfaces and HEMAPC‐grafted PDMS surfaces were characterized by using a variety of techniques including ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and wettability, which was measured by a water‐drop contact angle. Different surfaces with different wettability were prepared. These surfaces, including untreated PDMS (hydrophobic), laser‐treated PDMS (superhydrophobic), and HEMAPC‐grafted surfaces (superhydrophilic), were used for a platelet adhesion study. Results from in vitro testing indicated that chemical structures, such as negative‐charge polar groups and wettability, are important factors in blood compatibility of these surfaces and the superhydrophilic (the most wettable) and the superhydrophobic (the most unwettable) of modified PDMS surfaces have excellent blood compatibility compared to the unmodified PDMS. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91:2042–2047, 2004
Single component self‐curable aqueous‐based PU system with new aziridinyl curing agent
Authors: Lai Jian‐Zei , Chang Yu‐Ching , Yeh Jen‐Taut , Chen Kan‐Nan 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe self‐emulsified aqueous‐based polyurethane (PU) consists of carboxyl group, which is an ionic center not only stabilizing the aqueous polymer dispersion but also serving as the curing site toward aziridinyl curing agent. Two new aziridinyl curing agents, HDI‐AZ and ADA‐AZ, are prepared from an addition reaction of aziridine to hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and adipic acyl chloride (ADA), respectively. These curing agents are added separately into NCO‐terminated PU prepolymer before or after the water dispersion process. The resulting PU dispersion becomes a single component self‐curable aqueous‐based PU system. The cured PU is obtained from this single component PU dispersion on drying at ambient temperature. The improved PU properties demonstrate the feasibility of this convenient single component self‐curable aqueous‐based PU system. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91:1997–2007, 2004
Thermal and mechanical properties of poly(butylene succinate) nanocomposites with various organo‐modified montmorillonites
Authors: Someya Yoshihiro , Nakazato Toshiyuki , Teramoto Naozumi , Shibata Mitsuhiro 
Published: December 2003

AbstractNanocomposites based on biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and layered silicates were prepared by melt intercalation. Nonmodified montmorillonite (MMT) and MMTs (DA‐M, ODA‐M, ALA‐M, LEA‐M, and HEA‐M) organo‐modified by protonated ammonium cations {i.e., those of dodecylamine, octadecylamine, 12‐aminolauric acid, N‐lauryldiethanolamine, and 1‐[N,N‐bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)amino]‐2‐propanol, respectively} were used as layered silicates. From morphological studies using transmission electron microscopy, DA‐M, ODA‐M, and LEA‐M were found to be dispersed homogeneously in the matrix polymer, whereas some clusters or agglomerated particles were observed for ALA‐M, HEA‐M, and MMT. The enlargement of the difference in the interlayer spacing between the clay and PBS/clay composite, as measured by X‐ray diffraction, had a good correlation with the improvement of the clay dispersion and with the increase in the tensile modulus and the decrease in the tensile strength of the PBS composites with an inorganic concentration of 3 wt %. Dynamic viscoelastic measurements of the PBS/LEA‐M nanocomposite revealed that the storage modulus and glass‐transition temperature increased with the inorganic concentration (3–10 wt %). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1463–1475, 2004
Milling‐induced esterification between cellulose and maleated polypropylene
Authors: Qiu Wulin , Zhang Farao , Endo Takashi , Hirotsu Takahiro 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe ball milling of cellulose and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) induced the formation of ester bonds between OH groups of cellulose and maleic anhydride groups of MAPP, in marked contrast to the melt mixing of the original cellulose and MAPP, through which the esterification was hardly observed. This esterification was hardly dependent on the chemical structure of MAPP. In agreement with the enhanced interfacial adhesion due to the formation of ester bonds, a composite prepared via ball milling revealed an improvement in the tensile strength with respect to a melt‐mixed composite. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1703–1709, 2004
Direct measurement of gas solubilities in polymers with a high‐pressure microbalance
Authors: Von Solms N. , Nielsen J. K. , Hassager O. , Rubin A. , Dandekar A. Y. , Andersen S. I. , Stenby E. H. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractSolubility and diffusion data are presented for methane and carbon dioxide gases in high‐density polyethylene. The polymer was cut from extruded piping intended for use in offshore oil and gas applications. The measurements were carried out with a high‐pressure microbalance. The properties were determined from 25 to 50°C and from 50 to 150 bar for methane and from 20 to 40 bar for carbon dioxide. In general, a good agreement was obtained with similar measurements reported in the literature. The solubility followed Henry's law (linear) dependence with pressure, except at high pressures for methane, for which negative deviations from Henry's law behavior were observed. The diffusion coefficients for each of the gases in the polymer were also measured with the balance, although the uncertainty was greater than for the solubility measurements. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1476–1488, 2004
Physical properties of polycaproamide/cationic dyeable poly(ethylene terephthalate) polyblended fibers
Authors: Hsiao Keven , Tsen Wen‐Chin , Shu Yao‐Chi 
Published: December 2003

AbstractPolycaproamide (PCA) and cationic dyeable poly(ethylene terephthalate) (CDP) polymers were blended mechanically (in ratios of 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75) in a melt twin‐screw extruder to prepare three PCA/CDP polyblended materials. The blends of PCA and CDP were spun into fibers. The molar ratio of dimethyl 5‐sulfoisophthalate sodium salt for CDP was 2%. This study investigated the physical properties of PCA/CDP polyblended fibers with nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, gas chromatography, potentiometer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), extension stress–strain measurements, density gradient analysis, and rheometry. The experimental results of DSC proved that PCA and CDP formed an immiscible system. In an SEM image of a 50/50 PCA/CDP blend, the morphological aggregation of a larger size, from 3 to 5 μm in diameter, was observed. The rheological behavior of the PCA/CDP polyblended materials exhibited negative‐deviation blends, and the 50/50 blend of the PCA/CDP polyblended fibers showed a minimum tenacity value. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1710–1715, 2004
Synthesis of isobutyl maleate–divinylbenzene microspheres by different techniques of heterogeneous polymerizations
Authors: Gawdzik Barbara , Maciejewska Malgorzata 
Published: December 2003

AbstractCopolymers of isobutyl maleate–divinylbenzene in the form of microspheres were obtained. In their preparation, the following techniques of heterogeneous polymerization were used: emulsion, modified emulsion, precipitation, suspension, and multistep swelling polymerization. Among the obtained microspheres, those synthesized by modified emulsion and multistep swelling polymerizations have a size suitable for HPLC purposes, whereas the product of suspension polymerization can be used as packing material for gas chromatography. Their porous structure was studied in detail. The influence of the polymerization technique on the particle size and morphology is discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2008–2015, 2004
Maleic anhydride grafted thermoplastic elastomer as an interfacial modifier for polypropylene/polyamide 6 blends
Authors: Ou Yuchun , Lei Yuguo , Fang Xiaoping , Yang Guisheng 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA maleic anhydride grafted thermoplastic elastomer (TPEg) was prepared. The effect of the TPEg on the morphology and performance of polypropylene (PP)/polyamide 6 (PA‐6) blends was studied. The final properties of the blends were tuned through variations in the TPEg/PA‐6 ratios and TPEg and PA‐6 percentages in the blends. Scanning electron micrographs showed that the TPEg greatly improved the homogeneity of the blends, and this led to better mechanical performance. The nonisothermal crystallization behaviors of PP and PA‐6 in the blends, revealed by differential scanning calorimetry, were different from those of pure PP and PA‐6. The crystallization temperature and rate of PP were promoted by the PA‐6 component because of its nucleating effect, whereas stepwise crystallization was detected for PA‐6 in the PP/PA‐6 blends when the TPEg was added. On the basis of these observations, a schematic model was proposed for these blends. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1806–1815, 2004
Grafting, blending, and biodegradability of cellulose acetate
Authors: Guruprasad K. H. , Shashidhara G. M. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe performed the graft copolymerization of methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate on cellulose acetate (CA) by a free‐radical method. The grafting was confirmed by gravimetric analysis and IR spectroscopy. Low graft efficiency was observed for the benzoyl peroxide initiator used in the system. Melt blending of CA and nylon 6 was done for CA‐rich compositions. The physical and mechanical property measurements showed an improvement over virgin CA properties. The chemical properties, however, did not show any phenomenal advancement. A CA/starch (90/10) blend was prepared and studied for biodegradation during soil burial. The gravimetric and mechanical property results indicated possible degradation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1716–1723, 2004
Radiation grafting/crosslinking of silk using electron‐beam irradiation
Authors: Liu Jinqiang , Shao Jianzhong , Zheng Jinhuan 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe radiation grafting of silk with methacrylamide (MAA) was studied using an electron‐beam (EB) irradiation technique. Two irradiation processes, preirradiation and coirradiation, were compared, and some factors affecting the degree of grafting were investigated. The radiation crosslinking of silk with dimethyloldihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU) was preliminarily studied. The physical and mechanical properties such as whiteness, breaking strength, and resilience of the radiation‐grafted/crosslinked silk fabrics were examined. The radiation grafting of silk with MAA increases the silk weight, while the radiation crosslinking of silk with DMDHEU imparts improved crease resistance to silk. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis indicate the formation of peroxy and free‐radical species on the EB‐irradiated silk. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2028–2034, 2004
Use of compatible blends to fabricate carbon black composite vapor detectors
Authors: Penco Maurizio , Sartore Luciana , Bignotti Fabio , Sciucca Stefania Della , Ferrari Vittorio , Crescini Paolo , D'Antone Salvatore 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe aim of this work was the development of materials to be used in the field of gas sensing for the detection of organic vapors. Conductive sensors were prepared with carbon black filled blends of poly(vinyl chloride) and diol‐terminated poly(ϵ‐caprolactone), an oligomeric plasticizer. For comparison, blends with di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate, a traditional low‐molecular‐weight plasticizer, were also prepared. All sensors were tested upon exposure to different organic vapors. In general, the plasticizer content affected the response rates of the sensors, and a linear variation of the relative resistance with the analyte concentration was observed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1816–1821, 2004