bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles for fibrinogen, immunoglobulin and complement in platelet activation promoted by Staphylococcus aureus clumping factor A
Authors: Loughman Anthony , Fitzgerald J. Ross , Brennan Marian P. , Higgins Judy , Downer Robert , Cox Dermot , Foster Timothy J. 
Published: July 2005

Summary Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of infective endocarditis (IE) in patients without a history of prior heart valve damage. The ability to stimulate the activation of resting platelets and their subsequent aggregation is regarded as an important virulence factor of bacteria that cause IE. Clumping factor A is the dominant surface protein responsible for platelet activation by S. aureus cells in the stationary phase of growth. This study used Lactococcus lactis as a surrogate host to study the mechanism of ClfA‐promoted platelet activation. Expression of ClfA from a nisin‐inducible promoter demonstrated that a minimum level of surface‐expressed ClfA was required. Using platelets that were purified from plasma, the requirement for both bound fibrinogen and immunoglobulin was demonstrated. The immunoglobulin G (IgG) requirement is consistent with the potent inhibition of platelet activation by a monoclonal antibody specific for the platelet FcγRIIa receptor. Furthermore the IgG must contain antibodies specific for the ClfA A domain. A model is proposed whereby bacterial cells armed with a sufficient number of surface‐bound fibrinogen molecules can engage resting platelet glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa, aided by bound IgG molecules, which encourages the clustering of FcγRIIa receptors. This can trigger activation of signal transduction leading to activation of GPIIb/IIIa and aggregation of platelets. In addition, analysis of a mutant of ClfA totally lacking the ability to bind fibrinogen revealed a second, although less efficient, mechanism of platelet activation. The fibrinogen‐independent pathway required IgG and complement deposition to trigger platelet aggregation
Susceptibility of grapevine buds to infection by powdery mildew Erysiphe necator
Authors: Rumbolz J. , Gubler W. D. 
Published: July 2005

Bud colonization and perennation of powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) was studied by inoculating shoots of grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Carignane) at different phenological stages. Disease incidence and severity assessments indicated that buds were most susceptible at the three‐ to six‐unfolded‐leaf stage. Incidence of powdery mildew colonies on the surface of buds collected from these shoots 7 weeks postinoculation was highest at these stages (68 and 62%, respectively), which indicates that colonization of the bud interior via the infected bud surface is likely to occur within this period. Histological analyses of buds revealed hyphae with haustoria, conidiophores and conidia on all parts of the bud interior except for the meristems. In particular, trichomes were frequently parasitized by haustoria. In total, 13·2% of all buds analysed, and 32·3% of all buds originating from shoots inoculated at the three‐unfolded‐leaf stage, were infected by E. necator. In the spring of the following year, buds from inoculated shoots yielded 18 flag shoots (1·6% of all emerging shoots). These primary infections caused an epidemic 28 days after the appearance of the first flag shoot. A linear regression analysis on the frequency of infections of the bud exterior, bud interior and flag shoots revealed that incidence of external bud infection in the first season is strongly correlated with flag shoot incidence in the following season (R2 = 0·94). Hence predictions of flag shoot incidence may be reliably based on the incidence of infection on the outer bud scales in the preceding season.
Infraclavicular block causes less discomfort than axillary block in ambulatory patients
Authors: Koscielniak‐Nielsen Z. J. , Rasmussen H. , Hesselbjerg L. , Nielsen T P. , Gürkan Y. 
Published: July 2005

Background:  This randomized study was designed to compare discomfort caused by axillary or infraclavicular blocks in ambulatory patients. We identified which of the three block components, needle passes, local anesthetic (LA) injections, and electrical stimulations, is most painful and quantified pain intensity on a visual analog scale (VAS 0–100). We also assessed onset and quality of analgesia, adverse events and patients' acceptance.Methods:  Eighty patients were studied. In axillary group – A, four LA injections were made after stimulating median, musculocutaneous, ulnar and radial nerves. In infraclavicular group – I, the whole LA volume was injected after stimulating median or ulnar or radial nerves. Patients were ready for surgery when they had analgesia/anesthesia distal to the elbow.Results:  Median intensity of block discomfort was 22 in A group and 10 in I group (P < 0.01). There was no difference in distribution of the most painful block components between the groups. Block performance times were 4 min in I group and 7 min in A group (P < 0.01). Block onset times were 18 min in A group and 20 min in I group (NS). There was one block failure in I group. Three patients in A group and five in I group required supplementary blocks (NS). Transient adverse events occurred in 14 A‐group and two I‐group patients (P<0.01). Thirty‐seven I‐group and 33 A‐group patients were satisfied with the block (NS).Conclusions:  Infraclavicular block by single injection caused less discomfort and fewer adverse events than axillary block by multiple injections. Block effectiveness, onset time and patients' acceptance were similar.
Changes in jugular bulb oxygen saturation during off‐pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Kim J. Y. , Kwak Y. L. , Oh Y. J. , Kim S. H. , Yoo K. J. , Hong Y. W. 
Published: July 2005

Background:  The effect of haemodynamic derangement during coronary artery anastomosis in off‐pump coronary artery bypass surgery on cerebral blood flow has not been elucidated. Jugular bulb oxygen saturation is a useful indicator of cerebral blood flow provided that the cerebral metabolic rate is constant. This study was designed to evaluate the changes in jugular bulb oxygen saturation during off‐pump coronary artery bypass surgery.Methods:  With IRB approval, 48 patients were included. After anaesthesia, an 18‐G catheter was introduced into the jugular bulb. Haemodynamic variables and oxygen profiles from gas analysis of jugular bulb blood and arterial blood were obtained: after sternotomy (baseline); at 5 min after the beginning of the anastomosis of the left anterior descending artery, obtuse marginal artery, and right coronary artery; and after sternal closure.Results:  Cardiac index and mixed venous oxygen saturation decreased significantly during anastomosis of all three arteries compared to the baseline value. Although the changes in jugular bulb oxygen saturation during anastomosis were statistically significant compared to its baseline value, jugular bulb oxygen saturation remained within normal limit throughout the study.Conclusions:  Jugular bulb oxygen saturation, which represents the global cerebral oxygenation, was well maintained during the anastomosis of all coronary arteries despite significant haemodynamic changes during off‐pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB).
Relationship Between High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunit Composition and Gluten Quality in Ethiopian‐grown Bread and Durum Wheat Cultivars and Lines
Authors: Tarekegne A. , Labuschagne M. T. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW‐GS) composition of 42 Ethiopian‐grown bread wheat and 31 durum wheat cultivars and lines were examined using SDS‐PAGE. Low variability in HMW‐GS composition was present in both classes of wheat. A total of 10 variants with 14 different HMW patterns and seven variants with six different patterns were identified in bread and durum wheat, respectively, reflecting the limited ability of HMW‐GS for cultivar identification. The most predominant alleles were 2*, 7 + 9 and 5 + 10 in bread wheat and nul and 7 + 8 in durum wheat. The Glu‐1 quality scores for bread wheat ranged from 6 to 10, with an average value of 8.7. The variation in HMW‐GS significantly correlated with and accounted for 44 % of the total variation in gluten quality, measured by the sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation test. In durum wheat, HMW‐GS variation at Glu‐B1 explained about 25 % of the variation in gluten quality. The high frequency of the 7 + 8 alleles among the landraces and the significant contribution of Glu‐B1 alleles to the total variation in gluten quality indicate the potential benefit of Ethiopian tetraploid landraces in the development of lines suitable for both bread and pasta production.
Seasonal Development of Genotypic Differences in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and Their Interaction with Water Supply
Authors: Bloch D. , Hoffmann C. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractDepending on genotype, sugar beet can differ considerably in yield and quality characteristics. These are additionally modified by environmental conditions with drought stress recently gaining in importance, restricting growth and altering the chemical composition of the beet. The occurrence and development of these genotypic differences during the vegetation period and their possible interaction with environmental conditions were investigated. In 2002 and 2003, four sugar beet genotypes differing in yield and quality and putative different with regard to drought tolerance were tested in field trials, partly under irrigated conditions, in a total of 10 environments with consecutive harvests starting in early summer. In 2 years of stress and non‐stress conditions they exhibited significant differences for taproot and leaf dry matter and the concentration of sucrose, K, Na and α‐amino nitrogen in the taproot. These differences existed already in mid‐June and virtually did not change any more from this time on. Accordingly, interactions between genotype and harvest date did not occur. For sugar beet, genotype by environment interactions generally do not exist. Water supply, as an important single determinant of the effect of the environment, was studied separately analysing data from selected locations. Under drought conditions, withholding irrigation reduced leaf and taproot growth and root‐to‐leaf ratio, decreased the percentage of sucrose in dry matter and resulted in an accumulation of α‐amino N. Interactions between genotype and water supply did not occur for any of the parameters under study. A genotype‐specific high α‐amino N content, which might be of advantage for osmoregulation, did not improve the adaptation to drought. Differences in leaf maintenance or taproot‐to‐leaf ratio during drought also did not affect yield response. Due to the lack of interaction between genotype and harvest date as well as between genotype and irrigation it is concluded that harvest date or climatic factors of the growing region do not have to be taken into consideration when choosing a variety.
Jasmonic Acid Differentially Affects Growth, Ion Uptake and Abscisic Acid Concentration in Salt‐tolerant and Salt‐sensitive Rice Cultivars
Authors: Kang D.‐J. , Seo Y.‐J. , Lee J.‐D. , Ishii R. , Kim K. U. , Shin D. H. , Park S. K. , Jang S. W. , Lee I.‐J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPhytohormones play critical roles in regulating plant responses to stress. Here, we investigated the effects of salt stress and stress recovery by applying jasmonate to the two different rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars Dongjinchalbyeo (DJC, salt‐tolerant) and Dongjinbyeo (DJ, salt‐sensitive). Salt stress remarkably decreased the root length of plants even at low NaCl concentration (20 mm). Salt stress led to a sharp increase in the concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) in 20 and 40 mm NaCl, when compared with the control values. The concentrations of ABA in the salt‐tolerant cultivar DJC plants progressively increased with increasing NaCl levels, whereas in the salt‐sensitive cultivar DJ, they sharply decreased in all three parts of rice plants at 80 mm NaCl treatment. The decrease of jasmonic acid (JA) concentrations in salt‐tolerant cultivar DJC was lesser than in the salt‐sensitive cultivar DJ plants in the shoot. Post‐application in the stressed plants with 30 μm JA at 24 and 48 h after NaCl treatment, recovered salt inhibition on dry mass production more effectively than application of JA at 48 and 24 h before salt stress, and during salt stress simultaneously. The uptake of Na decreased especially in the salt‐sensitive cultivar DJ plants, whereas there was an increase in Ca and Mg levels and slight increase of K by JA application. Leaf water potential, leaf photosynthetic rate, and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) also remarkably recovered when 30 μm JA was applied 24 h after the salt stress compared with the 40 mm NaCl‐treated plants. These results clearly indicate that post‐application with exogenous JA can ameliorate salt‐stressed rice seedlings, especially the salt‐sensitive cultivar rather than the salt‐tolerant cultivar. This may change the balance of other endogenous plant hormones.
Abscisic Acid and Callose: Team Players in Defence Against Pathogens?
Authors: Flors V. , Ton J. , Jakab G. , Mauch‐Mani B. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAbscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role as a plant hormone and as such is involved in many different steps of plant development. It has also been shown to modulate plant responses to abiotic stress situations and in recent years, it has become evident that it is partaking in processes of plant defence against pathogens. Although ABA's role in influencing the outcome of plant‐pathogen interactions is controversial, with most research pointing into the direction of increased susceptibility, recent results have shown that ABA can also be involved in rendering plants more resistant to pathogen attack. In these cases, ABA interacts with callose deposition allowing an early and efficient build up of papillae at the sites of infection. The present review tries to shed some light on a possible interplay between ABA and callose in the protection of plants against invading pathogens.
Alternative Soil Solarization Treatments for the Control of Soil‐borne Diseases and Weeds of Strawberry in the Western Anatolia of Turkey
Authors: Benli̇oğlu S. , Boz Ö. , Yildiz A. , Kaşkavalci G. , Benli̇oğlu K. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractField experiments were conducted in the two cropping seasons between 2002 and 2004 to determine effects on soil‐borne diseases, weeds and yield of strawberry of raised bed solarization (RBS), alone or with chicken manure (CM) amendment, methyl bromide (MB), TeloDrip (1,3‐dichloropropene + chloropicrin), short RBS combined with reduced doses of metam sodium (MS) and TeloDrip. In both seasons, raised bed soil solarization (for 7 weeks) alone or with CM amendment (10 t/ha), MS (50 ml/m2) after 2‐week RBS, and MB (50 g/m2) significantly reduced soil‐borne diseases (caused by Rhizoctonia spp. and Phytophthora cactorum) while application of TeloDrip at a rate of 500 kg/ha and a half‐dose after short solarization controlled the soil‐borne diseases to a lesser extent in the 2003–2004 cropping season. All treatments provided effective control of four weed species; annual bluegrass (Poa annua), common purslane (Portulaca oleracea), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus‐galli) but not horseweed (Conyza canadensis). In the first year trial, total marketable yields from RBS with or without CM and 2‐week solarization plus MS were equivalent to yields produced by MB treatment whereas only raised bed soil solarization and CM amendment led to the same increase of yield as MB in the second year.
Comparative Sequence Analysis of Coat Protein Gene of Iranian Citrus tristeza virus Isolates
Authors: Barzegar A. , Sohi H. H. , Rahimian H. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractTwenty‐two isolates of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) collected from two different geographical regions of Iran were characterized based on coat protein (CP) gene sequences. Thirteen virus isolates were collected from northern parts of Iran with high distribution of CTV infection and nine isolates were obtained from southern regions where the presence and aphid transmission of CTV was previously reported. All isolates were recovered from field trees showing varied CTV symptoms such as decline in most citrus varieties on sour orange rootstock, inverse pitting on some sour orange rootstocks below bud union, mild‐to‐moderate stem pitting on the trunk of some sweet orange. Isolates F, G, MB1, MB7, MB2, MB8, MB9, MB11 and MB17 were recovered from healthy looking Miyagawa Satsuma on trifoliate rootstock originally infected with CTV imported from Japan in late‐1960s. The presence of virus in citrus samples was confirmed using polyclonal as well as monoclonal antibody. The CTV CP gene of all isolates was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) using CP gene‐specific primers yielding 672 bp amplicon. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profile, nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were analysed and compared with each other and also with some other exotic CP gene sequences of CTV isolates available in GenBank. Analysis of our data revealed that Iranian isolates have high similarity to California SY568 severe stem pitting and Japanese NUagA seedling yellows strains (up to 97%). The dendrogram generated from the deduced amino acid sequence could separate MB1, MB2, MB8, MB9, MB11 and MB17 isolates from others. However, no major dissociation between the isolates from northern and southern region could be obtained.
Characterization of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. cyamopsidis, the Bacterial Blight Pathogen of Cluster Bean Using PCR‐based Molecular Markers
Authors: Kaur B. , Purkayastha S. , Dilbaghi N. , Chaudhury A. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. cyamopsidis causes bacterial blight of cluster bean, an industrially important legume. A total of 76 isolates of X. axonopodis pv. cyamopsidis obtained from cluster bean fields of north and north‐west India were identified at the pathovar level using virulence trials on the susceptible cluster bean genotype, PNB which confirmed their phytopathogenic specialization on cluster bean. Different polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based techniques, such as, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)–PCR, repetitive (rep)‐PCR and IS1112‐PCR were successfully employed to elucidate the pathogen population structure and intrapathovar relationship among a set of 25 X. axonopodis pv. cyamopsidis isolates. There was a significant variation in their pathogenicity and genetic structure. The pathogenicity data were found to be in line with the molecular data to some extent. RAPD markers revealed a high level of genetic diversity across the isolates employed in comparison with the other molecular markers employed. A weak correlation was observed among the various molecular markers employed as each technique explores genetic variation differently. There was no correlation between DNA amplification product patterns and geographic sites of isolation, suggesting that this bacterium has spread largely through exchange of infected plant germplasm. This is the first report on the molecular characterization of X. axonopodis pv. cyamopsidis isolates from India.
Biological and Molecular Evidence that Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars coronafaciens, striafaciens and garcae are Likely the Same Pathovar
Authors: Barta T. M. , Willis D. K. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractUsing a combination of physiological tests, molecular analysis and assays, we investigated the taxonomic relationship among the oat pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens (halo blight) and P. syringae pv. striafaciens (bacterial stripe) and the coffee pathogen P. syringae pv. garcae (bacterial blight). Pseudomonas syringae pvs coronafaciens and garcae produce tabtoxin while P. syringae pv. striafaciens is tabtoxin‐deficient. Physiological tests did not show significant differences among these three pathovars (pvs). Analysis using DNA ‘fingerprint’ and Southern blot analysis revealed that P. syringae pvs coronafaciens, striafaciens and garcae are molecularly very similar except that pv. striafaciens appears to have lost part or all of the tabtoxin biosynthetic region. Significantly, P. syringae pv. garcae was pathogenic on oat leaves and indistinguishable from P. syringae pv. coronafaciens in our laboratory assays. Introduction of tabtoxin biosynthetic region contained on the cosmid pRTBL823 resulted in tabtoxin production by P. syringae pv. striafaciens and the production of lesions on oat leaves that were indistinguishable for those caused by P. syringae pv. coronafaciens. Taken together, our data strongly suggests that the P. syringae pvs coronafaciens, striafaciens and garcae are taxonomically redundant.
Impact of Tumour Depth, Tumour Location and Multiple Synchronous Masses on the Prognosis of Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumours
Authors: Kiupel M. , Webster J. D. , Miller R. A. , Kaneene J. B. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryThe goal of this study was to determine the significance of tumour depth, tumour location and multiple synchronous tumour masses for the prognostic evaluation of canine cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs). The study population consisted of 100 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded cutaneous MCTs that had been surgically removed from 100 dogs and submitted to the Diagnostic Center of Population and Animal Health at Michigan State University between 1998 and 2001. None of the dogs had received chemotherapy or radiation therapy. For each case the following data were obtained from the referring veterinarians: sex, breed, weight, age at diagnosis, diagnostics performed, adjunct medications given at the time of surgery, tumour location, number of tumour masses, tumour recurrence (development of MCTs at the surgical site), development of additional MCTs at distant sites (outside the surgical margins), tumour duration before removal, survival time and cause of death, if applicable. Tumour depth was determined through microscopic evaluation of 5 μm sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Based on univariable and multivariable survival analysis, dogs with multiple synchronous cutaneous MCTs at the time of diagnosis have a worse prognosis compared with dogs with single tumours. Additional treatment beyond surgical excision alone should be considered for these animals. Older dogs and Boxers with cutaneous MCTs were at higher risk to develop additional MCTs at distant sites (outside the surgical margins), and older and male dogs with cutaneous MCTs had significantly shorter survival times. Univariable analysis also determined that dogs with cutaneous MCTs located on the head and neck had an increased risk of additional MCT development at distant sites and that sterilized dogs with cutaneous MCTs had shorter survival times. However, these findings were not confirmed by multivariable analysis. Tumour depth was of no prognostic significance for dogs with cutaneous MCTs.