bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotional intelligence and participation in decision‐making: strategies for promoting organizational learning and change
Authors: Scott‐Ladd Brenda , Chan Christopher C.A. 
Published: April 2004

Abstract

This paper argues that organizational learning is more effective if enacted by emotionally intelligent employees within clear operating boundaries such as those offered by participation in decision‐making.
Organizational learning, based on Senge's (1992) conceptualization of the five elements of personal mastery, mental models, shared vision, team learning and systems thinking, aims to facilitate an organization's ability to learn and adapt to change.
Emotional intelligence is claimed to promote emotional knowledge, perception and regulation as well as general intelligence (Mayer and Salovey, 1997). However, this has to be harnessed to contribute to the organization's success.
This paper synthesizes a model of how emotional intelligence, organizational learning and participation in decision‐making can be operationalized to improve an organization's capacity to manage change and improve performance outcomes.

Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Partnerships in ecotourism: Australian political frameworks
Authors: Buckley Ralf 
Published: April 2004

AbstractConservation interests hope to use tourism as a tool in conservation, whereas tourism interests want to use conservation as a tool in tourism development. Both promote partnerships, but with different political aims. In federated nations such as Australia, this involves industry associations and government agencies in different jurisdictions as well as different portfolios. There are several recent national‐scale initiatives in Australia. The Tourism in Australia's Protected Areas Forum, TAPAF, is an informal information exchange group between state protected area management agencies which also includes state government tourism representatives. TAPAF has promoted a Code of Practice for commercial tour operators in protected areas. Ecotourism Australia is an industry association which has promoted a Cairns Charter on Partnerships for Ecotourism. The National Tourism and Heritage Taskforce is the highest‐level consultative body, representing both industry and government, tourism and environment, federal and state levels. NTHT has produced a national strategy called Going Places, currently under implementation. The federal tourism portfolio has produced a somewhat conflicting document of its own, called Pursuing Common Goals. And the peak tourism industry association, formerly the Tourism Task Force and currently known as TTF Australia, is soon due to launch a report called Making National Parks a National Tourism Priority. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corrosion resistance of cerium‐based chemical conversion coatings on AA5083 aluminium alloy
Authors: Dabalà M. , Ramous E. , Magrini M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn this paper the effect of several parameters, such as temperature, time of immersion, cerium ions and hydrogen peroxide concentration, pH of the conversion solution, on the composition and morphology of the conversion layer are investigated as well as on its corrosion resistance in chloride environments. The cerium‐based chemical conversion coatings ennobles the corrosion potential and inhibits both the cathodic and anodic reactions rate. Using a cerium (III) chloride solution a not homogeneous coating is obtained and agglomerates with a “dry‐mud” morphology of mixed cerium‐aluminium oxide are deposited above the cathodic intermetallic particles, while using a cerium (III) nitrate solution the coating is more uniform but thinner than that obtained with cerium (III) chloride. Solution temperature below 50°C and time of immersion of 10 minutes produces a coating with better corrosion resistance.
Study on biological control of microbiologically induced corrosion of carbon steel
Authors: Liu H. , Wang M. , Huang Z. , Du H. , Tang H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA strain of Thiobacillus Denitrificans (TD) isolated from the soil was selected to reduce the corrosion caused by Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB). The optimal pH was determined as 7.0 for the growth of TD. The growth environment of TD was found to be similar to that of SRB. Thus they can be cultured together. When they were grown together, it was observed that TD reduced the corrosion caused by SRB, being attributed to that TD might consume corrosive sulfides produced by SRB and restrict the SRB biofilms from accumulation. Scanning probe microscopy observations ex‐situ demonstrated that the topography of mixture biofilm formed in the mixed culture of TD and SRB was more compact than that for SRB along. Therefore, the process of charge transfer is baffled, leading to a decrease of the corrosion caused by SRB.
Recent failures of new potential symptomatic treatments for parkinson's disease: Causes and solutions
Authors: Linazasoro Gurutz 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOne major goal of current research in Parkinson's disease (PD) is the discovery of novel agents to improve symptomatic management. The object of these new treatments should be to provide effective symptom control throughout the course of the disease without the development of side effects such as motor and psychiatric complications. Results of several clinical trials of new treatment options reported in the past 2 years have shown negative or unsatisfactory results. Most of the drugs and surgical procedures used in these studies had been tested previously in 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) monkeys as well as in the classic 6‐hydroxydopamine–lesioned rat model. They raise several questions about the true reliability of animal studies, the adequacy of the working hypotheses and design of clinical trials, the validity of tools in current use to evaluate a specific effect, and the selectivity of the drugs used. All these factors may explain failure. This review focuses on pharmacological and surgical treatments tested to improve the management of patients with motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. Some of the recent trials and possible reasons for their lack of success are critically analysed. Finally, some suggestions to avoid further failures and improve results are proposed. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Interactive advanced‐communication multistation system for microsurgical training
Authors: Usón‐Gargallo J. , Viguera‐Salvago F.J. , Calles‐Vázquez C. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe use of cameras in microscopes is not in itself new; however, this paper describes a new use of microscope‐mounted cameras in conjunction with an audio intercom system for training in microsurgical techniques. The application of new technology may enhance traditional microsurgical training. Our objective was to compare the opinions of students attending training courses before and implementation of an interactive training system. This qualitative, descriptive study analyzed the results of end‐of‐course satisfaction surveys carried out among 400 students (physicians and veterinarians), 240 before and 160 after implementation of the system. Compared to the conventional system used previously at the Minimally Invasive Surgery Center and still in use elsewhere, most students felt that monitoring, training, and troubleshooting were both easier and more thorough using the multistation system. The “multistation system” allows real‐time, one‐to‐one, tutor‐student interaction, obviating the need for the tutor to move from student to student, and allowing him to monitor activity at the same working magnification as the student. As a result, the level of student satisfaction has improved. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of the major egg glycolipoproteins from the perivitellin fluid of the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata
Authors: Dreon Marcos S. , Heras Horacio , Pollero Ricardo J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOvorubin and PV2 are the major lipoglycocarotenoproteins present in the perivitellus of the freshwater snail eggs of Pomacea canaliculata, a rapidly expanding rice field pest. We have previously characterized these two particles regarding their lipid and protein compositions, their synthesis and tissular distribution, and their contributions of energy and structural precursors for the developing embryo. In the present study, we have characterized the glycosidic moieties associated to these perivitellines. Both proteins were isolated from egg homogenates by ultracentrifugation, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using anionic exchange and size exclusion columns. Total carbohydrates accounted for 17.8% and 2.5% (w/w) of the apparent molecular mass of ovorubin and PV2, respectively. Analysis by size exclusion chromatography showed that the amount of O‐linked oligosaccharides is higher than that of the N‐linked species (59% and 67% w/w of total carbohydrates of ovorubin and PV2, respectively). Glycosylation patterns were determined by a set of biotinilated lectins onto blotted purified proteins. Lectin affinities confirmed the presence of aspargine‐linked carbohydrates, probably of hybrid and high mannose types. Jacaline affinity suggested the presence of O‐linked residues derived from the T‐antigen. Total carbohydrate composition determined by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) showed that mannose was the major monosaccharide in both perivitellins followed by GlcNAc and Gal in ovorubin, and Gal and GlcNAc in PV2. Only one fatty acid (22:1 n‐9) accounted for 46% and 56% of the fatty acids present in ovorubin and PV2, respectively. Carbohydrate role on these reserve proteins during embryogenesis of the apple snail is discussed. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 68: 359–364, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential effect of recipient cytoplasm for microtubule organization and preimplantation development in rat reconstituted embryos with two‐cell embryonic cell nuclear transfer
Authors: Shinozawa Tadahiro , Mizutani Eiji , Tomioka Ikuo , Kawahara Manabu , Sasada Hiroshi , Matsumoto Hiromichi , Sato Eimei 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn the present study, we examined the developmental ability of enucleated zygotes, MII oocytes, and parthenogenetically activated oocytes at pronuclear stages (parthenogenetic PNs) as recipient cytoplasm for rat embryonic cell nuclear transfer. Enucleated zygotes as recipient cytoplasm receiving two‐cell nuclei allowed development to blastocysts, whereas the development of embryos reconstituted with MII oocytes and parthenogenetic PNs was arrested at the two‐cell stage. Previous observations in rat two‐cell embryos suggested that the distribution of microtubules is involved in two‐cell arrest. Therefore, we also examined the distribution of microtubules using immunofluorescence. At the two‐cell stage after nuclear transfer into enucleated zygotes, microtubules were distributed homogeneously in the cytoplasm during interphase, and normal mitotic spindles were observed in cleaving embryos from the two‐ to four‐cell stage. In contrast, embryos reconstituted with MII oocytes and parthenogenetic PNs showed aberrant microtubule organization. In enucleated zygotes, fibrous microtubules were distributed homogeneously in the cytoplasm. In contrast, dense microtubules were localized at the subcortical area in the cytoplasm and strong immunofluorescence intensity was observed at the plasma membrane, while very weak intensity was detected in the central part of enucleated MII oocytes. In enucleated parthenogenetic PNs, high‐density and fibrous microtubules were distributed in the subcortical and central areas, respectively. Pre‐enucleated parthenogenetic PNs also showed lower intensity of microtubule immunofluorescence in the central cytoplasm than zygotes. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that zygote cytoplasm is better as recipient than MII oocyte and parthenogenetic PNs for rat two‐cell embryonic cell nuclear transfer to develop beyond four‐cell stage. Furthermore, microtubule organization is involved in the development of reconstituted embryos to overcome the two‐cell arrest. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 68: 313–318, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nucleolar ultrastructure and protein allocation in in vitro produced porcine embryos
Authors: Laurincik J. , Bjerregaard B. , Strejcek F. , Rath D. , Niemann H. , Rosenkranz C. , Ochs R.L. , Maddox‐Hyttel P. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe nucleolus formation was studied as an indirect marker of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes activation in porcine embryos following oocyte maturation, fertilization, and culture in vitro. Nucleologenesis was assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), light microscopical autoradiography following 20 min of 3H‐uridine incubation, and immunocytochemical localization of key nucleolar proteins involved in rRNA transcription (upstream binding factor (UBF), topoisomerase I, and RNA polymerase I) and processing (fibrillarin, nucleophosmin, nucleolin) by confocal laser scanning microscopy. During the first four post‐fertilization cell cycles, TEM revealed spherical nucleolus precursor bodies (NPBs), consisting of densely packed fibrils, as the most prominent intra‐nuclear entities of the blastomeres. Fibrillo‐granular nucleoli were observed in some blastomeres in a single embryo during the 5th cell cycle, i.e., the tentative 16‐cell stage, where formation of fibrillar centres (FC), a dense fibrillar component, and a granular component on the surface of the NPBs was seen. In this embryo, autoradiographic labeling was detected over the nucleoplasm and in particular over the nucleoli. Fibrillarin was immunocytochemically localized in the presumptive NPBs of the pronuclei. This protein was again localized to the presumptive NPBs together with nucleolin from late during the 3rd cell cycle, i.e., the four‐cell stage in some embryos. UBF, RNA polymerase I, and nucleophosmin were localized to the presumptive NPBs in a proportion of the embryos at the 4th cell cycle, i.e., the tentative eight‐cell stage and onwards. Toposiomerase I was not localized to intra‐nuclear entities even during the 5th post‐fertilization cell cycle. Moreover, a considerable proportion of the blastomere nuclei apparently did not show localization of other nucleolar proteins. In conclusion, porcine embryos produced in vitro display a substantial delay in or even lack of the development of functional nucleoli. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 68: 327–334, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Possibilities of finite calculus in computational mechanics
Authors: Oñate Eugenio 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe expression ‘finite calculus’ refers to the derivation of the governing differential equations in mechanics by invoking balance of fluxes, forces, etc. in a space–time domain of finite size. The governing equations resulting from this approach are different from those of infinitesimal calculus theory and they incorporate new terms which depend on the dimensions of the balance domain. The new governing equations allow the derivation of naturally stabilized numerical schemes using any discretization procedure. The paper discusses the possibilities of the finite calculus method for the finite element solution of convection–diffusion problems with sharp gradients, incompressible fluid flow and incompressible solid mechanics problems and strain localization situations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiscale morphology and thermo‐mechanical history of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)
Authors: Diego Bénédict , David Laurent , Girard‐Reydet Emmanuel , Lucas Jean‐Michel , Denizart Olivier 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe multiscale morphology of rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) formulations (in the nanometre to the micrometre range) was investigated by high resolution scanning electron microscopy, ultra‐small‐, small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, as a function of thermo‐mechanical history. It has been shown that the hierarchical structure of PVC grains, when in the dry blend, disappeared during gelation that combines mechanical stress (ie shear stress and hydrostatic pressure) and heating. Nevertheless, the memory of the presence of the smallest particles (domains with diameters of about 80 nm) containing dense amorphous PVC and nanoscaled crystallites, has been highlighted by the study of the change of the microstructure when PVC was reprocessed with high mechanical deformation at a lower temperature than the previous gelation temperature. As a result, the main phenomena occurring during gelation were, in a first step, the disappearance of the hierarchical structure of the grains and, in a second step, the inter‐diffusion of the chains across the frontiers of the primary particles (mechanically reversible), but maintaining the domain structure. The crystalline microstructure was affected by thermo‐mechanical history, but the gelation level should not be estimated strictly in relation to the crystalline morphology. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Creep behaviour of polymer blends based on epoxy matrix and intractable high Tg thermoplastic
Authors: Gauthier Catherine , Bonnet Anthony , Gaertner Roger , Sautereau Henry 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPolymer blends based on intractable, high temperature‐resistant thermoplastic polyetherimide (PEI) and epoxy‐amine (EA) were processed by dissolution of the thermoplastic into the epoxy‐amine precursors, followed by subsequent reaction. Because the PEI concentration was higher than the critical concentration, phase separation produced a dispersion of crosslinked thermoset (EA) in a PEI matrix. The creep behaviour of the blends were investigated in the temperature range near the glass transition of the thermoset phase. To account for the experimental data, two ways of modelling were explored, assuming (1) perfect coupling between phases (2) total debonding. Comparison between experimental data and modelling results indicates that a strong debonding process takes place even at low stress. This conclusion is in fair agreement with the low value of the estimated interfacial adhesion at the PEI matrix–EA particles interface. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Small‐angle X‐ray scattering investigation of the deformation processes in the amorphous phase of high density polyethylene
Authors: Hubert Laura , David Laurent , Séguéla Roland , Vigier Gérard 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn situ small‐angle X‐ray scattering of high density polyethylene under uni‐axial tensile test was used for investigating the deformation at the scale of the periodic crystalline–amorphous nano‐structure. The more or less uniform elastic straining of the rubbery amorphous layers is discussed in terms of mechanically active intercrystalline tie chains. Correlation is made with the long‐term use properties. It is concluded that this approach is a powerful means to assess the mechanical efficiency of tie molecules. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Elastomer‐modified epoxy/amine systems in a resin transfer moulding process
Authors: Nguyen‐Thuc Boi Huyen , Maazouz Abderrahim 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe effect of the elastomer structure on toughening highly crosslinked epoxy systems in a resin transfer moulding process (RTM) was investigated. Two kinds of elastomers containing carboxyl functionalized groups were used: (1) a reactive liquid elastomer based on carboxyl‐terminated butadiene‐acrylonitrile copolymer (CTBN), (2) a preformed core‐shell rubber (CSR). The introduction of CTBN rubber caused the modification in the glass transition temperature due to the miscibility in the epoxy matrix, whereas CSR particles did not. During cure, these elastomers affected the morphological, rheological and dielectric behaviour of epoxy/amine systems. A blend of 5% CTBN and 5% CSR exhibited a bimodal distribution of rubber particle sizes (analyzed by transmission electron microscopy) whereas scanning electron microscopy showed the glass fibre‐matrix cohesion in fracture surfaces. A semi‐empirical model was used (developed by Castro‐Macosko for describing chemorheological behaviour of epoxy/amine systems for the RTM process). The increase in viscosity and the reduction in ion conductivity were the two key parameters to monitor the cure process. The presence of rubber affected the rheological behaviour involving initial viscosity and gel point. The investigation of temperatures, pressures and ionic conductivities in various glass fibre layers was conducted to control the front flow filling and the cure reaction. The introduction of rubber modified the inflexion area of the cured rubber–epoxy blends by changing the cure rate. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation of nano‐sized silica/poly(methyl methacrylate) composite latexes by heterocoagulation: comparison of three synthetic routes
Authors: Luna‐Xavier José‐Luiz , Guyot Alain , Bourgeat‐Lami Elodie 
Published: April 2004

AbstractContinuing earlier work, 2,2′‐azobis(isobutyramidine) dihydrochloride (AIBA) was used as a cationic initiator to generate positively charged polymers, and promote interaction of these polymers with the negatively charged surface of colloidal silica particles in aqueous solution. Three different synthetic routes have been investigated. In a first route, emulsion polymerization of MMA, initiated by AIBA, was performed directly in an aqueous suspension of the silica beads using a non‐ionic polyoxyethylenic surfactant (NP30). In a second route, AIBA was first adsorbed on the silica surface, and the free amount of initiator was discarded from the suspension. The silica‐adsorbed AIBA adduct was suspended in water with the help of surfactant, and used to initiate the emulsion polymerization of MMA. In a third route, cationic PMMA particles were synthesized separately and subsequently adsorbed on the silica surface. Whatever the approach used for their elaboration, the colloidal nanocomposites were shown to exhibit a raspberry‐like morphology. Quantitative determination of the amount of surface polymer enabled us to evaluate the efficiency of the heterocoagulation process and establish a comparison among the three synthetic routes. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Thermosensitive copolymers having soluble and insoluble monomer units, poly(N‐vinylacetamide‐co‐methyl acrylate)s: Effect of additives on their lower critical solution temperatures
Authors: Mori Takeshi , Fukuda Yasuhisa , Okamura Hirokazu , Minagawa Keiji , Masuda Seizo , Tanaka Masami 
Published: April 2004

AbstractNew thermosensitive polymers were synthesized by copolymerization between N‐vinylacetamide (NVA) and methyl acrylate whose homopolymers are soluble and insoluble in water, respectively. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the obtained copolymers ranged between 59 and 83 °C, and the LCST increased with an increasing NVA content in the copolymers. The effectiveness of various salts addition on lowering the LCST of the copolymer solutions followed Hoffmeister series. NaCl and Na2SO4 addition linearly lowered the LCST with an increasing salts concentration, and slopes of the lines were almost constant regardless of the copolymer composition. The effectiveness of alcohols with various alkyl chain lengths on lowering the LCST did not follow the viscosity B coefficient values of the alcohols, which was probably the result of preferential adsorption of the alcohols to the copolymer. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2651–2658, 2004
Boundaries or chaos: an outpatient psychodrama group for adolescents
Authors: Holmes Paul 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis paper, through the description of one afternoon's psychodrama session with adolescents in an outpatient setting, explores some of the issues of “containment” and “boundaries” raised by the running of such a group.It will be suggested that the methods of psychodrama offer techniques to contain certain anxieties within the therapeutic setting, but that also, as in any adolescent group, awareness must be maintained of a whole hierarchy of boundaries. If these are ignored, chaos may follow, resulting in the collapse of the group, and thus the failure of its therapeutic function.