bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of microsatellite loci in the Jamaican fruit‐eating bat Artibeus jamaicensis and cross‐species amplification
Authors: Ortega J. , Maldonado J. E. , Arita H. T. , Wilkinson G. S. , Fleischer R. C. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Artibeus jamaicensis is one of the most common bat species in the neotropics, with a well‐defined polygynous social structure in caves. In order to study behaviour and to examine patterns of paternity and relatedness between different harem groups, we developed 14 microsatellite loci from two different enriched genomic libraries. We screened 125 individuals from two different bat colonies and found that polymorphism ranged from five to 13 alleles. Heterozygosity ranged from 63 to 95%. The primers amplified across 14 bat species, indicating their potential utility for population‐level studies in several closely related bat species.
Tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA loci from the dollar sunfish (Lepomis marginatus)
Authors: Schable Nancy A. , Fischer Robert U. , Glenn Travis C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe describe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers and conditions to amplify one dinucleotide and eight tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA loci isolated from the dollar sunfish (Lepomis marginatus). The PCR primers were tested on 20 or more individuals from five populations. The dollar sunfish microsatellite primers developed yielded a high number of alleles (4 to 14 per locus), and high observed heterozygosities (0.500–0.857).
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in Acanthoscelides obvelatus Bridwell (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)
Authors: Alvarez N. , Aebi A. , Risterucci A.‐M. , Hossaert‐Mckey M. , Benrey B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFive microsatellite loci were isolated from the bruchid Acanthoscelides obvelatus Bridwell (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Each locus was polymorphic, with the number of alleles ranging from two to 15. We found high levels of within‐population variation at most loci, with heterozygosity ranging from 0.182 to 0.900. Cross‐species amplification of these loci was tested in two other species of the genus Acanthoscelides, A. obtectus Say and A. argillaceus Sharp.
Polymorphic microsatellites in two different species of the genus Zoogoneticus Meek, 1902 (Goodeidae, Actynopterygii)
Authors: Boto L. , Doadrio I. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis report describes the characterization of 13 microsatellites in Zoogoneticus tequila, a goodeid fish that is extinct in nature and exists only in captivity. We also present a preliminary survey of the variability of nine of these microsatellites in both Z. tequila and the congeneric wild species Z. quitzeoensis. Variability was found to be low in Z. tequila (three polymorphic loci with two alleles each), and highest in Z. quitzeoensis (five polymorphic loci with a mean of 4.6 alleles). These genetic markers have applications in the study and management of both species.
Characterization of microsatellite markers in Fagus sylvatica L. and Fagus orientalis Lipsky
Authors: Pastorelli R. , Smulders M. J. M. , VAN’T Westende W. P. C. , Vosman B. , Giannini R. , Vettori C. , Vendramin G. G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUsing an enrichment procedure, we cloned microsatellite repeats from European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and developed primers for the amplification of microsatellite markers. Six polymorphic loci were characterized which produced 3–21 alleles in 70 individuals from one Italian population, with an observed heterozygosity between 0.58 and 0.85. All six loci amplified fragments which were polymorphic in the closely related species, Fagus orientalis, also. Owing to their very high degree of variation, these markers should be very useful in gene flow studies of these species.
Variation in the growth and survival of Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria chicks
Authors: Pearce‐Higgins J. W. , Yalden D. W. 
Published: March 2003

The growth of Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria chicks is modelled in detail for the first time. The pattern of growth is typical of postnatal development in waders, although the mean fledging time of 37 days is slower than would be expected from adult body weight. Bill length and weight at hatching had significant effects on the rate of weight gain shown by 2‐day‐old chicks, although this effect was not noticeable at 4 days of age. Chick survival was significantly affected by bill length, as a result of the variation in weight gain. The growth of older chicks was positively correlated with mean minimum temperature. The slow rate of growth exhibited by Golden Plover chicks is discussed in relation to breeding habitat and the effects of weather and hatchling biometrics.
Mitochondrial DNA diversification among the subspecies of the Silver and Kalij Pheasants, Lophura nycthemera and L. leucomelanos, Phasianidae
Authors: Moulin Sibyle , Randi Ettore , Tabarroni Cristiano , Hennache Alain 
Published: March 2003

The taxonomic status of the pheasant superspecies Lophura leucomelanos and Lophura nycthemera has been unclear since 1948. Molecular techniques provided the opportunity to clarify the situation. Using sequences of mitochondrial DNA (800 nucleotides from the D‐loop, plus 400 from the cyt b) from 49 specimens belonging to 10 subspecies (plus two outgroups), we constructed a phylogeny of the subspecies of L. nycthemera and L. leucomelanos. Our data support the monophyly of both species. L. l. lineata and L. l. crawfurdi belong to L. leucomelanos and not to L. nycthemera (suggested by other authors). Our data also confirm a northern locality of origin (Central Buthan) for L. l. moffitti, and have clarified the relationships between subspecies within each species: there are three groups within L. leucomelanos and two within L. nycthemera.
The repeatability and accuracy of axial length and anterior chamber depth measurements from the IOLMaster™*
Authors: Lam Andrew K. C. , Chan Rufina , Pang Peter C. K. 
Published: March 2003

Summary Background: Axial length and anterior chamber depth have been measured clinically using conventional ultrasound biometry. Recently, a non‐contact device has become available to measure these parameters. This study evaluated the repeatability and accuracy of this device. Methods: The axial length and anterior chamber depth were measured by two practitioners on a group of young subjects using the IOLMaster™ followed by a conventional ultrasound biometer operated by a third practitioner. The accommodation was controlled in ultrasound biometry through a full correction on the non‐measured eye and a distant fixation target. Results: There was good repeatability and accuracy of axial length assessment. The mean difference between the IOLMaster™ and ultrasound biometry was −0.099 , with 95% limits of agreement between 0.66 and −0.85 . The axial length was slightly shorter from the IOLMaster™ and the difference was not significant. The anterior chamber depth was repeatable but was shown to be deeper than the ultrasound results. The mean difference in anterior chamber depth between the IOLMaster™ and ultrasound biometry was 0.15 , with 95% limits of agreement between 0.34 and −0.03 . It is suggested that the former device is not measuring the axial anterior chamber depth. Conclusions: The IOLMaster™ is a non‐contact ‘optical’ A‐scan which is simple to use and good for axial length assessment. The anterior chamber depth assessment should be further evaluated.
Cooling strategies for patients with severe cerebral insult in ICU (Part 2)
Authors: Price Theresa , McGloin Sarah , Izzard Julie , Gilchrist Mollie 
Published: March 2003

Summary

Critically ill patients who have sustained a severe cerebral insult will be actively cooled should they develop an elevated body core temperature
Patients who require therapeutic hypothermia for neuroprotection may require the same cooling strategies
A literature review suggested limited evidence to support cooling strategies currently used within one intensive care unit
An experimental approach was used to examine the effects of paracetamol and four external cooling strategies on patients with severe cerebral insult
It is suggested that paracetamol is effective in reducing body core temperature and that fans may not. However, data obtained from the study of the four external cooling strategies were inconclusive
Effect of Alcohol on Body Weight
Authors: Suter Paolo M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractModerate consumption of alcohol has been lauded as a possible protector of the heart. However, alcohol's effects as a promoter of weight gain and obesity, and subsequently cardiovascular disease risk, have not received much attention. This is likely due to the inconsistencies and confounders associated with both observational and experimental research in this area. Some research has shown, however, that alcohol, even in moderate amounts, can suppress fat oxidation, leading to a positive energy balance. In addition, moderate consumers tend to add alcohol to their typical energy intake. Alcohol provides 7.1 kcal/g and therefore contributes a siginificant amount of calories. Unless this greater energy intake and decreased fat oxidation is compensated for through diet and/or exercise, weight gain and possibly obesity can result. In addition, alcohol enhances the deposition of un‐oxidized fat in the abdominal area, which can also raise cardiovascular risk. Patients for whom weight is a concern should be encouraged to decrease their alcohol intake even below the moderate level, which is generally considered as healthy. Fat intake should also be reduced by one gram for every gram of alcohol consumed.
Exercise and Depression in the Older Adult
Authors: Singh Nalin A. , Fiatarone Singh Maria A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMounting evidence suggests that habitual physical activity is associated with psychological wellbeing and that exercise is an effective alternative treatment for major depressive illness. The elderly population represents a high‐risk group for depressive symptoms and their associated morbidity and mortality due to a variety of biological, pathological, and psychosocial concomitants of aging. Current pharmacological treatment regimens for depression, although effective, are often under‐prescribed or poorly tolerated in this population, particularly in individuals who are frail, very old, or have comorbid diseases. This article presents a rationale for the prescription of exercise as an alternative treatment in the depressed elderly patient, as well as specific recommendations necessary for the practical implementation of this regimen in clinical care and community settings. The paper also discusses areas where additional clinical trial data are needed to target appropriate patients, refine treatment approaches, and determine long‐term efficacy.
Isograds and P–T evolution in the eastern Lepontine Alps (Graubünden, Switzerland)
Authors: Nagel T. , De Capitani C. , Frey M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractReactions producing Al‐rich index minerals in the south‐eastern part of the Lepontine Dome (Central Alps, Switzerland) are investigated using mineral distribution maps, microstructural observations and equilibrium phase diagrams. The apparent staurolite mineral zone boundary corresponds to the paragonite breakdown reaction Pg + Grt + Qtz = Pl + Al2O3 + W. Equilibrium phase diagrams show that most natural metapelites do not contain staurolite or alumosilicates as long as univalent cations are predominantly accommodated in white mica. For a wide range of metapelitic compositions the paragonite breakdown releases sufficient Al for the formation of these minerals. Rare occurrences of staurolite and kyanite, north of the formerly mapped mineral zone boundaries, coexist with paragonite and are restricted to extremely Al‐rich bulk compositions. The stable branch of the kyanite‐forming paragonite breakdown reaction above 660 °C yields an additional mapable isograd. The second set of Al‐releasing reactions is biotite‐producing phengite breakdown. However, these reactions are less suitable to produce well defined reaction isograds in the field as they are more continuous and their progress is strongly dependent on bulk composition. Well developed fibrolite in metapelites does not appear until staurolite starts to breakdown. We conclude that amphibolite facies conditions in the study area were attained by decompression, without substantial heating at low pressures.
Fluid inclusions as microchemical systems: evidence and modelling of fluid–host interactions in plagioclase
Authors: Kleinefeld B. , Bakker R. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDense, CO2‐rich fluid inclusions hosted by plagioclases, An45 to An54, of the O.‐v.‐Gruber‐ Anorthosite body, central Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica, contain varying amounts of small calcite, paragonite and pyrophyllite crystals detected by Raman microspectroscopy. These crystals are reaction products that have formed during cooling of the host and the original CO2‐rich H2O‐bearing enclosed fluid. Variable amounts of these reaction products illustrates that the reaction did not take place uniformly in all fluid inclusions, possibly due to differences in kinetics as caused by differences in shape and size, or due to compositional variation in the originally trapped fluid. The reaction albite + 2anorthite + 2H2O + 2CO2 = pyrophyllite + paragonite + 2calcite was thermodynamically modelled with consideration of different original fluid compositions. Although free H2O is not detectable in most fluid inclusions, the occurrence of OH‐bearing sheet silicates indicates that the original fluid was not pure CO2, but contained significant amounts of H2O. Compared to an actual fluid inclusion it is obvious, that volume estimations of solid phases can be used as a starting point to reverse the retrograde reaction and recalculate the compositional and volumetrical properties of the original fluid. Isochores for an unmodified inclusion can thus be reconstructed, leading to a more realistic estimation of P–T conditions during earlier metamorphic stages or fluid capturing.
Non‐dialytic Treatment of Acute Hyperkalemia in the Dialysis Patient
Authors: Emmett Michael 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTAcute hyperkalemia occurs commonly amongst patients with chronic renal failure and is especially common in noncompliant individuals. These patients often present to the emergency room with weakness. This editorial addresses the issue of non‐dialytic treatment of hyperkalemia. Is emergency dialysis indicated in every case? In my opinion, acute dialysis can often be delayed until the hospital's dialysis unit opens for “regular working hours.”
Routine Serologic Testing for Hepatitis C Virus Infection Should Be Instituted Among Dialysis Patients
Authors: Natov Svetlozar N. , Pereira Brian J. G. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTSince the cloning of hepatitis C virus (HCV), a number of serologic and virologic tests for detecting infections with this virus have been made available for clinical practice. This led to the recognition of HCV as a major health hazard in hemodialysis (HD) centers. Yet the nephrology community has not been offered explicit recommendations about routine serologic testing for HCV of dialysis patients and consequently has remained unclear and divided about the utility of this testing. This review presents evidence in support of instituting routine serologic testing for HCV among dialysis patients. It concludes that because of the peculiar features of HCV infection in HD patients, serologic testing for HCV is the only means for unequivocal diagnosis of hepatitis C and an irreplaceable instrument for monitoring the incidence and the prevalence of the infection in this population. Serologic surveillance for HCV infection is crucial for identifying the association of new cases of HCV infection with potential risk factors for HCV transmission, particularly nosocomial, that can be modified in a way to prevent further dissemination of the virus. Data collected from routine serologic testing for HCV will undoubtedly improve our understanding of the epidemiology of HCV in the dialysis population and will provide a strong foundation for developing preventive measures and infection control strategies that are highly effective in controlling HCV infection. Routine serologic testing for HCV is also of direct benefit to the individual patient since establishing the HCV serologic status of each patient is important for optimizing patient care.
Reconsidering the Importance of Long‐Term Low‐Level Aluminum Exposure in Renal Failure Patients
Authors: Cannata‐Andía Jorge B. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTAluminum toxicity is widely considered a problem of the past. However, low‐level aluminum exposure and low but abnormal body burdens of aluminum are common. Aluminon, the routinely used histochemical stain for aluminum in bone, has a low sensitivity. The role of aluminum in renal osteodystrophy needs to be reassessed using more sensitive techniques. Low‐level aluminum exposure also may result in subtle neurological dysfunction, another area that needs further investigation.
Pathological Aspects of β2‐Microglobulin Amyloidosis
Authors: Jadoul Michel , Garbar Christian , Van Ypersele de Strihou Charles 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTHistology remains the gold standard to diagnose β2‐microglobulin amyloidosis (Aβ2M). Two diagnostic criteria are required: positive Congo red staining with typical birefringence under polarized light and immunostaining of amyloid deposits with a labeled anti‐β2M antibody. Aβ2M is preferentially located in the joints. Small deposits are also found in various organs, mainly the heart and gastrointestinal tract. Pathologic studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of articular Aβ2M early in the course of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, antedating clinical manifestations by several years. The stages of β2M amyloid formation have been delineated: β2M amyloid deposits first on the surface of the cartilage, in the absence of macrophages (stage 1), and subsequently involves capsules and synovia (stage 2), with eventual recruitment of macrophages around large β2M amyloid deposits (stage 3). Clinical manifestations are likely associated with the inflammation observed in stage 3. The factors triggering the fibrillar precipitation of β2M remain unknown. Macrophages do not play a role: their presence is the consequence rather than the cause of β2M amyloid deposits. Several substances coprecipitated with β2M amyloid have been incriminated: highly sulfated glycosaminoglycans such as chondroitin or keratan sulfate, antiproteases such as α2‐macroglobulin, and apolipoprotein E. As yet, no definitive conclusion has been reached.
Imaging in the Dialysis Patient: Imaging in Dialysis Spondyloarthropathy
Authors: Theodorou Daphne J. , Theodorou Stavroula J. , Resnick Donald 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDestructive spondyloarthropathy has recently been described in patients who undergo maintenance hemodialysis for chronic renal disease. The condition most frequently involves the lower segment of the cervical spine, although the craniocervical junction also may be affected. Although the pathogenesis of destructive spondyloarthropathy remains unclear, the disorder is thought to relate to a hemodialysis‐associated amyloidosis. It appears that the disease correlates with the duration of hemodialysis, although it has been reported in patients with chronic renal insufficiency not associated with hemodialysis. Radiographic features simulate those of an infectious process, encompassing a range of abnormalities from superficial erosions to large bony defects. Computed tomography (CT) images reveal osteolytic areas, with bone sclerosis of adjacent vertebral endplates, and minimal osteophytosis. The intervertebral spaces appear narrow or obliterated. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the disorder may show the imaging characteristics of spondylodiskitis. The absence of high signal intensity on T2‐weighted images generally helps to eliminate the diagnosis of an infection. With progression of the disease, collapse of a vertebral body and spinal instability may occur. Severe complications of destructive spondyloarthropathy in long‐term dialysis patients may include spinal cord compromise, necessitating surgical decompression, with or without spinal stabilization.
Prostate Specific Antigen Levels: Effect of Sexual Activity
Authors: McNaughton Collins Mary , Kleinman Ken , Barry Michael J. , Meigs James B. , Yurgalevitch Susan M. , McKinlay John B. 
Published: March 2003

Background: To determine whether six lifestyle factors (dietary fat, smoking, sleep, alcohol consumption, physical, and sexual activities) are associated with non‐prostate cancer‐related, elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels. Methods: PSA levels were measured on frozen serum that was collected at baseline (time T1, 1987–1989) and at follow‐up (time T2, 1995–1996) in the Massachusetts Male Aging Study, a population‐based random sample survey of 1709 men aged 39–70 years old. Men with a PSA level >4.0 ng/ml at time T2 were offered a biopsy. Excluding men who had ever had a diagnosis of prostate cancer (N = 82) left 892 men with both time T1 and time T2 PSA measurements. Lifestyle factors assessed at time T1 were used for the analysis. Results: Of 866 men who had a time T1 PSA <4.0 ng/mL, 56 (6%) had a PSA level >4.0 ng/ml at time T2. In logistic regression models predicting crossing the threshold of 4.0 ng/ml, sexual activity was a significant predictor, but other lifestyle factors were not. Relative to little or no sexual activity, the age‐adjusted odds ratio for sex 1–3 times/month was 4.18 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.4–12.3), and for sex ≥4 times/month was 2.54 (95% CI = 0.9–6.9). Conclusions: Men who were more sexually active at time T1 were at higher risk of a falsely elevated PSA level >4.0 ng/ml at time T2. Although interim knowledge about lifestyle is lacking, this finding may reflect the effect of ejaculation on serum PSA. Other lifestyle factors had no effect on time T2 PSA levels.