bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When Rentier Patronage Breaks Down: The Politics of Citizen Outsiders on Gulf Oil States’ Labour Markets
Authors: Hertog Steffen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In oil-rich Gulf monarchies, fiscal constraints and demographic growth are leading to the exclusion of young citizens from the established social contract as government jobs—the dominant channel of patronage in the region—are becoming unavailable to them. We show that such outsider citizens constitute a new, politically consequential social class that is exposed to a much less attractive private labour market where they compete with low-cost migrant workers. The dualization of labour markets for citizens provides a new lens for understanding regional political unrest since the late 2000s and new group interests emerging around labour and migration policy, in which labour organizations representing outsiders have started to display solidarity with migrant workers. The new insider–outsider cleavages require a revision of rentier state theory’s claims about (the absence of) class formation and the role of inequality in rentier politics. They help us expand and refine Eurocentric theories of labour market dualism.
Immuno-Graphene Field-Effect Transistor-Based Cortisol Bioelectronics Using a Novel Cortisol Antibody
Authors: Kim Kyung Ho , Kim Jong-Tae , Seo Sung Eun , Lee Hee Gu , Kwon Oh Seok 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cortisol plays an important role as a stress biomarker in human biological fluids, affecting the blood pressure, glucose levels, carbohydrate metabolism, and immune response mechanisms. Increased cortisol levels cause various diseases, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, chronic fatigue, menstrual irregularity, and increased appetite. Moreover, mental healthcare can be controlled by controlling cortisol levels. Herein, an immuno-graphene field-effect transistor (IGFET) bioelectronic for cortisol detection was developed using a side-gate FET system based on the conjugation of a novel cortisol scFv-Fc antibody (Ab), produced from M13 bacteriophage display method, via oligo(phenylene-ethynylene)amine (OPE) interfacial chemical. The improved performance was obtained from the increased binding affinities between Ab and cortisol and the enhanced carrier mobility via formation of covalent bonds between OPE and graphene, and the IGFET bioelectronics showed excellent sensing performance with a limit of detection of 500 fM, a sensing monitoring range from 500 fM to 100 nM, a rapid detection time of 20 s, and a high-selective detection that enabled the detection of 103 times lower cortisol concentrations than those of interference substances. In addition, the cortisol detection and monitoring were evaluated using artificial sweat, achieving similar performance to that of standard detection monitoring. Based on the results, this IGFET bioelectronics can be utilized to the stress-related assistance indicator and for the rapid observation of changes in cortisol levels.
Abuse-deterrent wearable device with potential for extended delivery of opioid drugs
Authors: Kim Myoung Ju , Park Jae Min , Lee Jun Su , Lee Ji Yang , Lee Juhui , Min Chang Hee , Kim Min Ji , Han Jae Hoon , Kwon Eun Jung , Choy Young Bin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Unethical attempts to misuse and overdose opioids have led to strict prescription limits, necessitating frequent hospital visits and prescriptions for long-term severe pain management. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a prototype wearable device that facilitates the extended delivery of opioid drugs while incorporating abuse-deterrent functionality, referred to as the abuse deterrent device (ADD).

Methods
The ADD was designed and fabricated using 3D-printed components, including reservoirs for the drug and contaminant, as well as an actuator. In vitro tests were conducted using a skin-mimicking layer and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to evaluate the drug release profile and the effectiveness of the ADD abuse-deterrent mechanism.

Results
Under simulated skin attachment, ADD demonstrated sustained drug release with the potential to persist for up to 200 days. Upon detachment from the skin mimic, the mechanical components of the ADD facilitated immediate exposure of the contaminant to the drug and effectively halted further drug exposure throughout-diffusion.

Conclusion
Wearable ADD provides a secure and practical solution for the long-term treatment of high-risk medications such as opioids, enhances patient convenience, and addresses important public health concerns.
Optimal control strategies for taming TikTok addiction: a mathematical model and analysis
Authors: Khan Fareeha Sami , Khalid M. , Ali Ali Hasan , Ghanim F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Optimal control theory is an extension of the calculus of variations. It is a mathematical optimization method for deriving control strategies for a dynamic system. In this paper, the system of differential equations for which we aim to utilize control theory is TikTok, which is one of the most attractive internet platforms. TikTok has garnered immense popularity, surpassing other social media platforms. However, its addictive nature has raised concerns about mental health, including depression, eating disorders, anxiety, self-obsession, and narcissistic personality disorder among its users. This paper introduces a mathematical model for TikTok, considering the usage of this app as an epidemic. The model is rigorously validated through stability analysis of both local and global equilibrium. Moreover, disease-free and non-trivial equilibrium scenarios are discussed by calculating their reproduction numbers. This study aims to raise awareness of TikTok’s potential misuse and explore control theory solutions to mitigate addiction. Additionally, statistical data is used to visualize the numerical results and analyze the impact of control parameters on the TikTok model.
Addressing fabrication challenges in perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells with advanced simulation techniques
Authors: Kumar Raman , Kanjariya Prakash , Abu-Jrai A. , Patil Nagaraj , Ab Yajid Mohd Shukri , Kaur Jatinder , Singh Rahul , Kumar P. Vijaya , Shah Sanjeev Kumar , Khairandish Mohammad Iqbal 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the pursuit of higher conversion efficiency, the PV industry has turned its focus towards perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells, which currently represent the peak of innovation. To surpass the efficiency limits of traditional single-junction cells, researchers are exploring the potential of these tandem solar cells by integrating the merits of perovskite and silicon. However, integrating these cells brings different challenges, such as deposition methods and material misalignments. Thus, in this work, we are using advanced simulation techniques, including Silvaco ATLAS’s Victory Process and Device Simulator to imitate the actual manufacturing processes. Primarily this research work focuses on three scenarios: shunting, planarization and conformal deposition to emulate the experimental conditions. The obtained results show the potential and effectiveness of process simulations in accurately predicting and improving the PV performance of the tandem solar cell. Two different perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells are designed using process simulations which showed a conversion efficiency of 27.51% and 29.08% respectively. This work highlights the importance of using simulation tools for the further development of tandem solar cell technology. Detailed process and device simulations reported in this work may pave the way in the fabrication of optimised perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell.
Geotechnical Characterization and Stability Prediction of Nano-Silica-Stabilized Slopes: A Machine Learning Approach to Mitigating Geological Hazards
Authors: Thapa Ishwor , Ghani Sufyan , Kumari Sunita , Choudhary A. K. , Sivenas Tryfon , Asteris Panagiotis G. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study presents a novel approach to predicting the factor of safety (FOS) for infinite slopes stabilized with nano-silica (NS), leveraging machine learning (ML) models to address limitations of traditional geotechnical assessments. A unique dataset, consisting of 1053 samples, was compiled to capture critical parameters, including NS content and curing time, thereby enhancing model accuracy across diverse conditions. Six ML models were evaluated, with the gradient boosting (GB) model emerging as the most robust, achieving an R
2 value of 0.99, mean absolute error of 0.03 and root mean squared error of 0.04. A reliability analysis quantified a failure probability of 29.66% and a reliability index of 1.64 for NS-treated soils, underscoring the model’s applicability in real-world geotechnical design. Additionally, a parabolic regression equation was derived, offering practitioners a reliable tool for FOS estimation. To facilitate practical implementation, an intuitive graphical user interface (GUI) was developed, allowing for accurate FOS predictions based on user-defined inputs. This study provides a comprehensive, data-driven model for NS-stabilized slopes, advancing the field with a user-friendly predictive tool that supports sustainable engineering practices in challenging geotechnical environments.
SCRIPting a Path to Scholarship: How Student Journals Reduce Barriers to Publication
Authors: Vyas Niraj , Lobo Sonia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Early initiation of research activities among medical students is associated with later academic success and improved scientific productivity; however, barriers to publication in mainstream journals may deter students from disseminating their scholarly work. We sought to determine the impact of Scholarly Research in Progress (SCRIP), a student journal, on students’ level of experience, knowledge, or practice related to writing and publication, writing apprehension, and scholarly productivity. Students from Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine were surveyed via Qualtrics to assess their experience and motivation to publish, determine publication rates, and better understand barriers to publishing practices. Data was reported using means and standard deviations for ranked questions. One hundred sixteen participants responded, and 77 completed surveys were included in the analysis. Participants who had previously published in SCRIP indicated they were more confident in writing manuscripts (p = 0.003), submitting articles (p = 0.002), navigating the publication process (p = 0.008), and navigating the peer-review process (p = 0.033) compared to those who had not previously published in SCRIP.
SCRIP-published participants were also more likely to place a high value on publishing research in their careers (p = 0.028). There was no significant difference in the average number of total PubMed-indexed publications between SCRIP-published participants and non-SCRIP-published participants (p = 0.779). Overall, SCRIP positively impacted students’ attitude towards future publication and was associated with improved writing confidence. Reviewer feedback was well-received by students and helped to improve their research to a publishable level while supporting development of their scientific writing skills and confidence.
Use of a groundwater model to evaluate groundwater–surface water interaction at a riverbank filtration site: a case study in Binh Dinh, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Kim Hue , Nuottimäki Kristiina , Jarva Jaana , Dang Tran Trung , Luoma Samrit , Nguyen Kim Hung , Pham Thanh Long , Hoang Thi Ngoc Anh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of groundwater–surface water (GW–SW) interaction is important for sustainable water resource management. Riverbank filtration (RBF) serves as a natural method to enhance groundwater recharge, especially in systems where surface water and groundwater are closely connected. Thus, RBF is a feasible option for water management particularly in regions dealing with water scarcity and overexploitation of groundwater. This study investigated GW–SW interaction at a well-field next to the Dai An River in Phu Cat district, Binh Dinh province, Vietnam, with the primary goal of evaluating the feasibility of RBF for water supply at this site. Using FEFLOW 7 software, numerical modelling was conducted to simulate groundwater flow and estimate groundwater recharge rates from riverbank filtration during wet and dry seasons. The model incorporated key aquifer parameters, including hydraulic conductivity and porosity. Additionally, stable (water) isotope analysis of hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) was performed to trace GW–SW interaction. The modelling results demonstrated that approximately 72% of total groundwater recharge came from riverbank filtration, confirming a strong hydraulic connection between the river and the aquifer. Stable isotope analysis revealed seasonality in mixing rates, with the surface water contribution to the aquifer ranging from 2% during the dry season up to 54% during the wet season. The travel time from the riverbank to the nearest abstraction well was estimated to be less than 3 days. These findings contribute to understanding of GW–SW interaction in the region and also offer general guidance for optimizing well placement and sustainable groundwater extraction practices.
Commercial availability of invertebrate biological control agents targeting plant pests in Germany
Authors: Lemanski Kathleen , Herz Annette 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Biological control is a recognized and well-implemented strategy to protect crops from pests and diseases, and there is an urgent need to expand biocontrol-based crop protection further, also in Germany. Specially, the use of invertebrate biological control agents (IBCA) is considered as a fundamental method in integrated pest management and organic farming. The objective of this article is to give an overview of the current commercially available and used IBCA species in Germany. Of those, individual non-indigenous species are critically examined for potential environmental risks. Furthermore, the current legal situation in Germany about the use of IBCA is described. Based on this information, this article clarifies the need for an environmental impact assessment for IBCA species that do not occur naturally in Germany. An outlook for their safe use in the future is discussed.
Face and cycle percolation
Authors: Hirsch Christian , Valesin Daniel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We consider face and cycle percolation as models for continuum percolation based on random simplicial complexes in Euclidean space. More precisely, we consider the Vietoris–Rips with connection radius 1, with respect to Euclidean norm, on a stationary Poisson process in

$${\mathbb {R}}^D$$

R

D

of intensity

$$\lambda $$

λ

. Face percolation is defined through infinite sequences of d-simplices sharing a

$$(d-1)$$

(
d
-
1
)

-dimensional face. In contrast, cycle percolation demands the existence of infinite d-cycles, thereby generalizing the lattice notion of plaquette percolation. We discuss the sharp phase transition for face percolation and derive comparison results between the critical intensities for face and cycle percolation. Finally, we consider an alternate version of simplex percolation, by declaring simplices to be neighbors whenever they are sufficiently close to each other, and prove a strict inequality involving the critical intensity of this alternate version and that of face percolation.
Utilization of polyethylene waste for designing foamy oil sorbents
Authors: Hailan Sarah M. , Nogellova Zuzana , Popelka Anton , Ilcikova Marketa , Mrlík Miroslav , Minařík Antonín , Mikulka Filip , McKay Gordon , Krupa Igor 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recycling low-density polyethylene (LDPE) in its original form presents several challenges, including limited interest from converters, poor market demand for recycled products, higher sorting and cleaning costs, and reduced quality in the final products. It happens because recycled LDPE often exhibits lower mechanical strength and diminished aesthetic appeal than its virgin counterpart, making it rarely suitable for its original purpose, especially in packaging. Therefore, new applications for LDPE recyclates are needed to overcome these barriers and extend the material’s lifecycle. One such solution involves converting LDPE waste into foamy sorbents for water purification. The presented study investigated two strategies for recycling LDPE waste by exploring the potential of the modified waste to remove free oil spills. The first approach involves preparing and characterizing robust, mechanically stable foams using recycled waste from LDPE packaging. The process is based on parallel foaming and crosslinking of LDPE by peroxides. The final foamy structure (Foam 1) possesses around 75 vol% of pores (46 vol% open pores) and rapidly absorbs various organic liquids quickly (hexane, diesel oil, crude oil) in multiple cycles. The second target deals with the screening, testing, and characterizing of LDPE-based foams that were initially used for various packaging and deposited as waste to explore their potential free oil sorbents. The foam that was used in this study has a significantly porous structure, having 96 vol% of pores and more than 89 vol% open pores (Foam 2). Whereas the sorption capacity of Foam 1 was 4–5 g/g, depending on the type of oil, Foam 2 absorbed those oils in the range of 8–12 g/g. The Foam 1 showed significantly better stability over multiple cycles and better mechanical performance.

Graphical abstract
Engaging Disadvantaged Young Adults Through Collaborative Game Development
Authors: Reid Andrew James 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Disadvantaged young people face disproportionate challenges in accessing education and employment. Higher education serves as an aspirational destination and recommended route to entry for certain industries, yet young people from lower socioeconomic backgrounds are less likely to apply and enrol in higher education programmes. Disadvantaged young people may also be underrepresented within the workforce of certain sectors, compounding barriers to entering desired industries. Solutions to reduce barriers into education and employment are required. The paper presents a postmortem from a collaborative game development project with aims of addressing social inequalities and positive destinations towards the games industry. The project involved a third sector social enterprise delivering economic regeneration and community-based support, an eight-person interdisciplinary team of game development students, and a practice-based research group exploring multiple themes of game-based research practice. The paper captures the experiences of student developers, young people, and engagement officers in reviewing the value and impact of the project. The intention of this paper is to present a case study of collaborative practice which shows positive impact on addressing community support outcomes for young adults within its service, with the potential to apply similar practices to wider initiatives related to outreach, engagement, and employability pathways.
An extensive examination of the influence of financial technology (Fintech) on advancing financial inclusion: a bibliometric investigation
Authors: Kesavan Varun , Polisetty Aruna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Financial technologies are the fundamental basis and driving force for financial inclusion initiatives, hence facilitating the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals. This research is extensive and meticulous, focusing on the papers in the Scopus database related to fintech and financial inclusion. The data unequivocally demonstrate that China, India, and the United States are at the forefront of fintech and financial inclusion initiatives. Furthermore, the data reveals a significant increase in the number of articles pertaining to fintech and financial inclusion. The primary contributions in this field are Ozili PK, Banna H, and Zhang Y. Principal ties include Pan-Atlantic University, the University of Professional Studies, and Renmin University of China. This study indicates that successful fintech innovation enhances financial inclusion by bridging the divide between urban and rural communities, eventually contributing to sustainability. Likewise, effective financial innovation fosters increased growth in green investments, green initiatives, and green finance, transitioning economies from a linear to a circular model. The forthcoming research has the potential to enlighten and influence regulators, politicians, and future scholars.
Hybrid intelligent optimization strategy of battery swapping station for electric vehicles based on reinforcement learning
Authors: Yi Hongwei , Zhang Huan , Li Jianghong , Zhao Yanling 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Smart transportation is an important application scenario in the field of urban computing. As the popularity of electric vehicles increases, the demand for fast charging is growing rapidly. In response to this, battery swapping stations are being proposed as a solution, but their operational efficiency is challenged by factors such as battery life, vehicle queues, and grid load management. In this paper, a mixed intelligent optimization strategy combining the proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm from reinforcement learning and the goat swarm optimization (GSO) algorithm is proposed. The GSO-PPO algorithm is constructed, where PPO algorithm learns the optimal scheduling strategy for the battery swapping station in a dynamic environment, and the GSO algorithm optimizes the hyperparameters of PPO and adjusts the weight of the reward function to achieve the multi-objective optimization of minimizing battery life, shortening vehicle waiting time, and efficiently managing grid load. The experimental results show that compared with random strategies and traditional PPO algorithms, GSO-PPO reduces vehicle waiting time and improves service efficiency, making the overall operation of the battery swapping station more stable. The study demonstrates the potential of combining reinforcement learning and swarm intelligence algorithms in smart energy infrastructure and solving multi-objective optimization problems.
How do we improve the reproducibility and accuracy of EIS and Tafel testing in corrosion science?
Authors: Shao Zexi , Ma Mingyuan , Liu Xuhui , Yuan Sicheng , Lin Dan , Bai Ziheng , Hu Haodong , Yu Jingtai , Du Yafei , Zhu Yanji , Wang Huaiyuan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Electrochemical is crucial in corrosion, energy storage, and electrocatalysts and are essential for mitigating carbon emissions. However, deviations in electrochemical testing can result from experiment errors and electrode preparation differences. Therefore, electrochemical experiment results are required to assess the reproducibility. Herein we found that the surface resistance is a key factor of electrochemical testing, and the difference of surface resistance could inform future anode oxidation devices, and enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of electrochemical testing.

Graphical Abstract
Harnessing the power of genomics in hypertension: tip of the iceberg?
Authors: Naderi Hafiz , Warren Helen R. , Munroe Patricia B. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Despite the blaze of advancing knowledge on its complex genetic architecture, hypertension remains an elusive condition. Genetic studies of blood pressure have yielded bitter-sweet results thus far with the identification of more than 2,000 genetic loci, though the candidate causal genes and biological pathways remain largely unknown. The era of big data and sophisticated statistical tools has propelled insights into pathophysiology and causal inferences. However, new genetic risk tools for hypertension are the tip of the iceberg, and applications of genomic technology are likely to proliferate. We review the genomics of hypertension, exploring the significant milestones in our current understanding of this condition and the progress towards personalised treatment and management for hypertension.