bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial resistance and virulence in Klebsiella pneumoniae: a four-month study in Osogbo, Nigeria
Authors: Akintoyese Taofikat Olatundun , Alao Jude Oluwapelumi , Oladipo Elijah Kolawole , Oyedemi Omolanke Temitope , Oyawoye Olubukola Monisola 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective:
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health crisis, with Klebsiella pneumoniae being a key pathogen due to its multidrug resistance (MDR). This study aimed to investigate the resistance profiles, demographic correlations, and molecular characteristics of MDR K. pneumoniae at UNIOSUN Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria.

Methods:
From January to April 2022, 99 clinical isolates (K. pneumoniae) were collected from various specimen types (blood, sputum, urine, wound, stool, and oral cavity). Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, and virulence genes were analysed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
All isolates exhibited resistance to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and colistin, with high resistance observed for cefepime and carbapenems (meropenem, imipenem, and ertapenem). Molecular characterization revealed the presence of virulence genes
K1, K2,
and
mrkD
in 15 isolates, while other tested virulence genes (
fimH, ramA, traT, K3,
and
K5
) were not detected. Significant associations were identified between resistance patterns and demographic factors, including age and sex, highlighting potential vulnerabilities in specific populations.

Conclusions:
This study underscores the alarming prevalence of MDR K. pneumoniae and aligns with global trends of rising AMR. Addressing these challenges requires targeted antimicrobial stewardship programs, infection control measures, public education, and enhanced surveillance systems. Incorporating molecular resistance testing and novel therapeutic agents in future research is crucial to developing effective containment strategies and preserving antibiotic efficacy.
Anticipating Office: Does the Populist Radical Right Decrease Its Populist Communication When It Has the Opportunity to Join Government?
Authors: Thomeczek Jan Philipp , Bernhard Laurent 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The ‘inclusion–moderation thesis’ suggests that populist parties will be tamed by government inclusion. However, empirical evidence is mixed. We argue that this may be explained by different strategic contexts. We hypothesize that populist parties that rely on coalition partners will reduce their populist communication when they have credible government prospects. We analyse multiple years of political communication by two radical-right populist parties, the Swiss People's Party (SVP) and the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ). Although the two parties are rather similar ideologically, this is a most different systems design (MDSD). While the SVP is a typical governing party that was only in opposition once (2007/2008), the FPÖ is typically in opposition, with recent government experience (2017–2019). This empirical analysis focuses on these crucial periods. We find evidence of moderation before joining government for both parties in our pooled analysis. However, individual analyses suggest that this was much clearer for the SVP.
Second-generation planet formation after tidal disruption from common envelope evolution
Authors: Chamandy Luke , Nordhaus Jason , Blackman Eric G. , Wilson Emily 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We propose that certain white dwarf (WD) planets, such as WD 1856+534 b, may form out of material from a stellar companion that tidally disrupts from common envelope evolution with the WD progenitor star. The disrupted companion shreds into an accretion disc, out of which a gas giant protoplanet forms due to gravitational instability. To explore this scenario, we make use of detailed stellar evolution models consistent with WD 1856+534. The minimum mass companion that produces a gravitationally unstable disc after tidal disruption is

$\sim$

$0.15\,\mathrm{M_\odot}$

. In this scenario, WD 1856+534 b might have formed at or close to its present separation, in contrast to other proposed scenarios where it would have migrated in from a much larger separation. Planet formation from tidal disruption is a new channel for producing second-generation planets around WDs.
Micarea svetlanae, a new species of the M. prasina group from the Russian Far East
Authors: Konoreva Liudmila A. , Chesnokov Sergey V. , Frolov Ivan V. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA species new to science, Micarea svetlanae, is described from the southern part of the Russian Far East based on morphological, chemical and molecular data. This species is closely related to M. isidioprasina, which also has the micareic acid, the granular-isidiate thallus with Sedifolia-grey pigment, and crystalline granules in the hymenium and thallus, but differs in the cushion-shaped thallus, the presence of Sedifolia-grey pigment in the hymenium, numerous crystalline granules in the hymenium and hypothecium and 0–2(3)-septate ascospores. The results of the phylogenetic reconstruction place M. svetlanae in the M. prasina group. Morphological features and data on ecology, distribution and secondary metabolites are presented in detail in the paper. This new lichen species is named in honour of the Russian lichenologist Dr Svetlana Tchabanenko, who devoted her life to the study of lichens of the Russian Far East.
New northernmost record of Clathria (Clathria) unica and updated records of Cliona aff. celata and Spongia (Spongia) magellanica in Mar del Plata, Argentina, SW Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Pavón Novarin Mariela , Meretta Pablo , Genzano Gabriel , Schejter Laura 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study the finding of the sponge Clathria (Clathria) unica in coastal waters of Mar del Plata city (38°14′24″S, 57°27′30″W), Argentina, at the formation called ‘Banco de Afuera’, is reported. This record constitutes the northernmost record of the species, which was known until the present study only from its type locality in San Antonio Oeste, Río Negro province. Additionally, the bathymetric range of the species is updated from intertidal to 20 m. Other two common sponge species, Cliona aff. celata and Spongia (Spongia) magellanica, were also recorded in this environment for the first time.
The Enigma of San Francisco: Henry George and the Historians
Authors: Istre Logan S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFew figures appear so frequently and yet remain so poorly understood in the narrative of the Gilded Age as does Henry George. This historiographic essay traces George’s evolving role in historians’ accounts of the political drama of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era. George’s popular memory has been shaped overwhelmingly by a few influential survey accounts that have tended to depict him either as a rear-guard apologist of old, small-town ideals or as one of many radical critics of modernity who were stamped out at the end of the nineteenth century. More recent historians have instead sought to present a nuanced George and to emphasize his more concrete and underappreciated contributions to American political thought; but even in many of their hands George’s unique ideas concerning land monopoly have proven difficult. In addition to charting these developments, this essay offers a lens for making sense of the “Prophet of San Francisco” in the twenty-first century.
Enhancing procedural fairness: a critique of the open and inclusive approach to health financing decisions
Authors: Kinuthia John 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article is a critique of a report, Open and Inclusive: Fair Processes for Financing Universal Health Coverage. The report proposes a framework that is meant to improve procedural fairness and how decisions in financing of health care can be fairer. The author of this article argues that while procedural fairness and the proposed framework are an important step in improving equity in health sector financing, the report falls short on several aspects of achieving the set objectives. First, the report does not place emphasis on the role of civic education as an important component of public education building on access to information. Therefore, there should be caution in assuming that improved dissemination of information will lead to increased civic action. Secondly, the author proposes that the report include principles that should guide how decisions are made in public deliberations when consensus cannot be achieved. Lastly, the framework in the report does not speak to the complexity of the trade-offs that have to be made between health and other sectors. The author argues that a key area of deliberations in health financing is understanding how practitioners in the sector can argue for better funding against other competing sector such as education and agriculture while still finding complementarities.
Explaining the relationship between religiosity and anti-diversity attitudes among Christians in Western Germany
Authors: Steinmann Jan-Philip , Pickel Gert 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Research on whether religiosity promotes or reduces prejudice has produced plenty of paradoxical findings. In this article, we address the relationship between religiosity and anti-diversity attitudes (xenophobia and homophobia) among Christians in Western Germany. We ask what the relationship between religiosity and anti-diversity attitudes is and how it can be explained. Two (complementary) theoretical explanations are presented: the religious-ideology explanation emphasizes the role of fundamentalism, and the loss-of-privileges explanation underscores the importance of perceived disadvantage. Our analysis is based on a representative sample of Christians in Western Germany and provides evidence of a curvilinear religiosity–prejudice relationship. Up to a certain level of religiosity, xenophobia and homophobia decrease as religiosity increases; however, the relationship then reverses—anti-diversity attitudes are particularly pronounced among the highly religious. The level of xenophobia among the highly religious is fully explained by fundamentalism and perceived disadvantage, whereas their level of homophobia is only partially explained.
The Adoption of Paid Sick Leave in US States
Authors: Kriner Michael , Way Christopher 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Paid sick leave, or the ability to remain home from work in the event of illness and receive compensation, has risen in prominence after the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the OECD countries, all but two, the United States and South Korea, have national paid sick leave (PSL) policies. Yet despite federal inaction in the United States, states have been adopting PSL, with 15 plus the District of Columbia having done so by the end of 2020. In the absence of federal policy, what drives states to adopt PSL mandates? In this article, we investigate two possible explanations – women in politics and jurisdictional competition. In the former, we suggest that increases in female representation in state-level governance make it more likely that a state will adopt a PSL policy. In the latter explanation, we suggest that jurisdictional competition in the form of cities or counties adopting municipal PSL policies creates pressure on the state-level government to enact statewide policies to harmonize policy, in a process of “bottom-up” federalism. To evaluate our hypotheses, we create a dataset of all state and municipal PSL policies in the United States. We find strong support for the gender representation argument, but not for the jurisdictional competition argument.
An achromatic metasurface waveguide for augmented reality displays
Authors: Tian Zhongtao , Zhu Xiuling , Surman Philip A. , Chen Zhidong , Sun Xiao Wei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Augmented reality (AR) displays are emerging as the next generation of interactive platform, providing deeper human-digital interactions and immersive experiences beyond traditional flat-panel displays. Diffractive waveguide is a promising optical combiner technology for AR owing to its potential for the slimmest geometry and lightest weight. However, severe chromatic aberration of diffractive coupler has constrained widespread adoption of diffractive waveguide. Wavelength-dependent light deflection, caused by dispersion in both in-coupling and out-coupling processes, results in limited full-color field of view (FOV) and nonuniform optical responses in color and angular domains. Here we introduce an innovative full-color AR system that overcomes this long-standing challenge of chromatic aberration using a combination of inverse-designed metasurface couplers and a high refractive index waveguide. The optimized metasurface couplers demonstrate true achromatic behavior across the maximum FOV supported by the waveguide (exceeding 45°). Our AR prototype based on the designed metasurface waveguide, exhibits superior color accuracy and uniformity. This unique achromatic metasurface waveguide technology is expected to advance the development of visually compelling experience in compact AR display systems.
RAB33A promotes metastasis via RhoC accumulation through non-canonical autophagy in cervical cancer
Authors: Huo Lanqing , Huang Xiaodan , Wang Ying , Ouyang Yi , Zheng Xueping , Ouyang Yingyi , Cao Xinping , Chen Kai , Wei Denghui , Wu Yuanzhong , Zhang Ruhua , Lin Yujie , Kang Tiebang , Gao Ying 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cervical cancer metastasis is characterized by the systemic spread of tumor cells. However, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Herein, we demonstrate that RAB33A promoted metastasis by enhancing RhoC accumulation and that higher RAB33A expression predicted poorer prognosis in patients with cervical cancer. Mechanistically, RhoC typically degraded via canonical autophagy due to the binding of two LIR motifs (LC3 interaction region) in RhoC to LC3; however, RAB33A induced non-canonical autophagy, resulting in RhoC stabilization, which facilitated pseudopodia formation and consequently cervical cancer metastasis. The fusion of RAB33A-induced autophagosomes with lysosomes was impaired, as RAB33A inactivated RAB7 by interacting with TBC1D2A, a GTPase-activating protein that targets RAB7. Our findings reveal a pivotal role of the RAB33A-RhoC axis in cervical cancer metastasis, indicating that RhoC inhibitors may be beneficial for treating cervical cancer patients with high levels of RAB33A.
Cancer-independent somatic mutation of the wild-type NF1 allele in normal tissues in neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Oliver Thomas R. W. , Lawson Andrew R. J. , Lee-Six Henry , Tollit Anna , Jung Hyunchul , Hooks Yvette , Sanghvi Rashesh , Young Matthew D. , Butler Timothy M. , Nicola Pantelis A. , Treger Taryn D. , Lensing Stefanie V. , Burke G. A. Amos , Aquilina Kristian , Löbel Ulrike , Cortes-Ciriano Isidro , Hargrave Darren , Jorgensen Mette , Jessop Flora A. , Coorens Tim H. H. , Flanagan Adrienne M. , Allinson Kieren , Martincorena Inigo , Jacques Thomas S. , Behjati Sam 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cancer predisposition syndromes mediated by recessive cancer genes generate tumors via somatic variants (second hits) in the unaffected allele. Second hits may or may not be sufficient for neoplastic transformation. Here we performed whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing on 479 tissue biopsies from a child with neurofibromatosis type 1, a multisystem cancer-predisposing syndrome mediated by constitutive monoallelic NF1 inactivation. We identified multiple independent NF1 driver variants in histologically normal tissues, but not in 610 biopsies from two nonpredisposed children. We corroborated this finding using targeted duplex sequencing, including a further nine adults with the same syndrome. Overall, truncating NF1 mutations were under positive selection in normal tissues from individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1. We demonstrate that normal tissues in neurofibromatosis type 1 commonly harbor second hits in NF1, the extent and pattern of which may underpin the syndrome’s cancer phenotype.
Efficacy of pre-harvest weed control treatments on onion bulb storability
Authors: Abdelgawad Karima F. , Shehata Said A. , El-Metwally Ibrahim M. , El-Desoki Ebrahim R. , El-Rokiek Kowthar G. , Elkhawaga Fathia A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Storage experiments were carried out, in 2019 and 2020, to evaluate the effect of pre-harvest weed control treatments on quality attributes and storability of onion bulbs during a six-month storage at room temperature (25 ± 5 °C and 50–60% relative humidity) in corrugated paper boxes. Weed control treatments consisted of the aqueous extracts of orange peel processing waste (OPPW) 20%, mango leaves waste (MLW) 30%, and olive oil processing waste (OOPW) 30%, alone or mixed with half a dose of oxyfluorfen herbicide (938 ml ha−1), soil mulching with orange peel processing waste, mango leaves, olive oil processing waste, and rice straw (OPPWM, OOPWM, MLW, and RSM, respectively) at 10 tons ha−1, hoeing, oxyfluorfen herbicide (at 938 and 1875 ml ha−1), and an unweeded control treatment. OPPW mulch and hoeing treatments were the most effective treatments in improving storability, decreasing weight loss and decay percentages of onion bulbs as well as maintaining bulb quality attributes, i.e., bulb firmness, dry matter, total soluble solids and total soluble sugars content during a six-months storage. It was concluded that using OPPW and MLW, as soil mulches or as aqueous extracts, for weed control within onion field, helps maintain onion bulb quality, and storability.
Mathematical modeling and optimal control of depression dynamics influenced by saboteurs
Authors: Nivetha S. , Karthik A. , Tandon Abhinav , Ghosh Mini 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Depression disorder affects millions globally, characterized by symptoms such as profound sadness, loss of interest in activities, and disruptions in eating and sleeping patterns. Understanding depression within the context of chronic pain is essential for developing effective management and intervention strategies. This study utilizes mathematical modeling to analyze depression trends using empirical data from Spain spanning from 2011 to 2022. Our depression model incorporates distinct compartments for primary and secondary depressed populations, along with a category for individuals categorized as saboteurs, who may actively influence the depression prevalence. We calculated the basic reproduction number
$$(R_0)$$
and identified four equilibrium points and evaluated their stability. Additionally, sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the impact of
$$(R_0)$$
on depression prevalence. Furthermore, optimal control strategies were explored for the model. These strategies aim to improve treatment adherence, encourage doctor consultations, promote self-medication practices, and enhance recovery rates, ultimately aiming to reduce spread of depressive disorders and associated mortality. Data fitting was conducted using Python, and simulations were carried out in MATLAB to ensure rigorous validation of the model.
Sixty years of the first studies by Horácio Martins Canelas on Wilson's disease
Authors: Barbosa Egberto Reis , Parmera Jacy Bezerra , Cury Rubens Gisbert , Cançado Eduardo Luiz Rachid , Bonilha Patrícia Áurea Andreucci Martins , Teive Hélio Afonso Ghizoni 
Published: February 2025

AbstractResearch into Wilson's disease (WD) in Brazil had the effective participation of Professor Horácio Martins Canelas, from the Neurologic Clinic of the Teaching Hospital of the School of Medicine of Universidade de São Paulo (USP). His exponential contributions to the study of WD placed Brazil on the international stage, making USP's Neurologic Clinic one of the world's leading research centers in the area of neurodegenerative diseases with metal accumulation.
Sodium alginate and bovine serum albumin co-combined improved the cryopreservation quality of boar sperm through the PI3K-AKT pathway
Authors: Wang Jing , Rao Yongyong , Du Chongfan , Wang Ao , Wu Yanling , Lin Ruiyi , Xiao Tianfang , Lin Weimin 
Published: February 2025

Context The occurrence of apoptosis due to transient oxidative damage to spermatozoa presents a significant challenge in semen preservation. At present, the addition of protective agents is the primary method for mitigating this damage and involves the addition of protective agents. Aims This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of action of cryopreservation and to identify high-quality combinatorial cryopreservation dilutions. Methods In this study, two protective agents, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and sodium alginate (SA), were combined to evaluate the effectiveness of these novel additives in protecting porcine sperm from damage during cryopreservation. The mechanism of action of the SA and BSA combination was further elucidated at the molecular level, with key proteins being identified through proteomic analysis. Key results The findings indicated that sperm treated with 2 mg/mL SA and 5 mg/mL BSA exhibited optimal motility parameters, superior functional integrity and the most effective ability to alleviate oxidative stress. Combined with proteomic data, the results suggested that these additives regulate improvements in sperm quality by mediating the activity of the PI3K-AKT pathway. Conclusions This study found that the combination of SA and BSA provides an effective protective effect for frozen sperm preservation. Implications The findings offer theoretical and technical support for the use of composite additive to protect sperm from damage, which is crucial for enhancing the quality of pig semen and improving reproductive outcomes.
Imaging Freeze-out Sources and Extracting Strong Interaction Parameters in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
Authors: Xu Junhuai , Qin Zhi , Zou Renjie , Si Dawei , Xiao Sheng , Tian Baiting , Wang Yijie , Xiao Zhigang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
By combining femtoscopic interferometry with an optical deblurring algorithm, we present a novel method to image the source in heavy-ion collisions (HICs) while simultaneously determining the interaction strength between particle pairs. The spatial distribution of the emission source has been reconstructed for protons (p) and antiprotons (p
) from the respective pp and pp
correlation functions in Au+Au collisions at √S
NN
= 200 GeV. Within experimental uncertainties, protons and antiprotons share the same freeze-out distribution showing higher density in the center compared to the widely assumed Gaussian shape. The results evidence the matter-antimatter symmetry in coordinate space at the moment of freeze-out before the nucleons are fully randomized in the collisions.
Enhanced collimation of protons from intense-laser impact on foil-and-tube target with hydrocarbon coated backside
Authors: Yang Yuchen , Huang Taiwu , Jiang Ke , Yu Mingyang , Zhou Cangtao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We investigate the proton collimation of foil-and-tube structured target with two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. The foil backside and the adjacent tube are coated with a thin hydrocarbon layer (HCL). It is found that the tube-wall HCL protons pulled out by the transverse space-charge field of the hot laser expelled electrons in the tube hollow can self-consistently modulate the field, which in turn affect the dynamics of foil-back HCL protons, such that a well-collimated proton beam with 0.9° divergence angle is produced if the tube is cone-like.