bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional cone beam computed tomography analysis of craniofacial phenotype in nonobese apneic young adults
Authors: Jadoul Mathilde , Albert Adelin , Maes Nathalie , Poirrier Robert , Poirrier Anne‐Lise , Bruwier Annick 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveThe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome with its various phenotypes, as assessed by the apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI), has become a major public health issue. While physicians are regularly faced with a variety of patients with OSA complaints, they may not be aware that OSA in nonobese young adults remains a largely underinvestigated topic. It is hypothesized that, in these subjects, facial bone volumes are smaller than in healthy adults.MethodsThis cross‐sectional, nonrandomized, controlled study was designed to compare the 3D cephalometric analysis of bone and craniofacial soft tissues in a group of 23 nonobese apneic (AHI ≥ 15), young (18–35 years) adults and in a control group of 23 nonapneic (AHI < 15) healthy subjects by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). All subjects were Caucasian and underwent a sleep examination in the Sleep Clinic of the University Hospital of Liege.ResultsThe two groups were comparable except for age and medications. The maxillary bone volume (23.2 ± 4.6 cm3 vs. 24.8 ± 2.9 cm3) and the mandibular bone volume (44.0 ± 6.4 cm3 vs. 46.9 ± 5.2 cm3) adjusted for demographic and biometric characteristics were significantly smaller in OSA subjects than in controls. OSA subjects had also a smaller angle of the maxillary diagonals (95.3 ± 13.9° vs. 106 ± 15.9°) and, at the mandible, a narrower width (90.8 ± 8.0 mm vs. 95.1 ± 5.3 mm), a wider gonial angle (119.9 ± 5.5° vs. 116.5 ± 4.4°), a longer ramus (51.2 ± 6.6 mm vs. 47.3 ± 5.0 mm), and a shorter corpus (74.1 ± 10.3 mm vs. 78.9 ± 5.8 mm) than controls.ConclusionCraniofacial structures that most discerned apneic subjects from controls were the maxillary and mandible bone volumes. An overly narrow maxilla and a postero‐rotating mandible were also associated with OSA.Level of EvidenceIII.RegistrationNCT06022679.
Broadband Mode Coupling with Record‐High Fabrication Tolerance Using the Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage Technique
Authors: Pan Yingdi , Sun Lu , Chen Kaile , Li Xingfeng , Ni Xiong , Hu Pan , Liu Songyue , Lu Qi , He Xintao , Dong Jianwen , Su Yikai 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCoupled‐waveguide structures are fundamental in photonic integrated circuits for their wide applications in basic optical functions such as directional coupling, polarization handling, and mode manipulation. However, the couplings between waveguides usually suffer from high wavelength and structure sensitivity, which hinders the development of broadband and fabrication‐tolerant devices. Here, a new method based on the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) procedure is proposed for various kinds of on‐chip mode manipulation such as mode conversion and multiplexing. The coupling process of the STIRAP system is thoroughly explored to reveal the topological nature of STIRAP. The experimental results prove that the mode‐division multiplexer employing the STIRAP scheme has low insertion losses of < 1.8 dB and intermodal crosstalk of < −17.3 dB for all four mode channels over a 100‐nm wavelength range (1480–1580 nm). Thanks to the topological protection of the mode coupling, the proposed multiplexer exhibits unprecedented fabrication tolerance (−80–100 nm) to the structural deviations in waveguide width and gap distance. This work provides an intriguing approach to expanding the working bandwidth and improving the fabrication tolerance of coupled‐waveguide devices, which may find applications in diverse fields including optical communications, optical computing, quantum information processing and beyond.
New Iterative Procedures for Approximating Different Types of Inverse Matrix: Convergence and Stability
Authors: Cordero Alicia , Segura Elaine , Torregrosa Juan R. , Vassileva María P. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we propose a new parametric family of iterative schemes to compute the inverse of a complex nonsingular matrix. It is shown that the members of this family have at least a fourth order of convergence. A particular element of the class is extended to approximate the Moore–Penrose inverse of rectangular complex matrices, keeping the convergence order. A dynamic analysis is performed to obtain a parameter domain in which stability is assured and to detect which members of the proposed family have good stability properties and which have chaotic behavior. Some numerical examples, with matrices of different sizes, are tested to confirm the theoretical and dynamical results.
Novel Combination of Traditional Ayurvedic Herb Piper longum L. and Modern Stem Cell Therapy for the Reversal of Glucocorticoid‐Induced Osteoporosis
Authors: Sanap Avinash , Bhonde Ramesh , Shekatkar Madhura , Kharat Avinash , Kheur Supriya , Undale Vaishali , Dharkar Nilima , Tillu Girish , Joshi Kalpana 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTGlucocorticoids induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is a global concern without effective therapies. The present study investigated the potential of the umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) and traditional medicine Piper longum L. in the reversal of GIOP. Twelve‐week‐old female Swiss Albino mice were subjected to the dexamethasone treatment for 4 weeks to induce GIOP. Further, the mice were randomized into four different groups for treatment, viz., phosphate buffered saline (PBS), UCMSCs, P. longum L. aqueous extract through feed, and a combination of UCMSCs and P. longum L. extract. Post therapy, GIOP mice regained the weight and hair loss in the UCMSCs and P. longum L. extract group. ALP activity and mRNA expression of RunX2, ALP, and OPN were significantly increased. Micro‐CT analysis revealed remarkable improvement in key parameters such as bone volume, bone surface density, tissue surface, trabecular thickness, and number. Our results unequivocally demonstrate that a combination of the UCMSCs and P. longum L. is highly effective in the reversal of GIOP as compared to P. longum L. or UCMSCs alone. The therapeutic effect can be attributed to the osteogenic and paracrine potential of UCMSCs and the anti‐inflammatory effect of P. longum L.
Automating the optimization of proton PBS treatment planning for head and neck cancers using policy gradient‐based deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Wang Qingqing , Chang Chang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundProton pencil beam scanning (PBS) treatment planning for head and neck (H&N) cancers is a time‐consuming and experience‐demanding task where a large number of potentially conflicting planning objectives are involved. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has recently been introduced to the planning processes of intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and brachytherapy for prostate, lung, and cervical cancers. However, existing DRL planning models are built upon the Q‐learning framework and rely on weighted linear combinations of clinical metrics for reward calculation. These approaches suffer from poor scalability and flexibility, that is, they are only capable of adjusting a limited number of planning objectives in discrete action spaces and therefore fail to generalize to more complex planning problems.PurposeHere we propose an automatic treatment planning model using the proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm in the policy gradient framework of DRL and a dose distribution‐based reward function for proton PBS treatment planning of H&N cancers.MethodsThe planning process is formulated as an optimization problem. A set of empirical rules is used to create auxiliary planning structures from target volumes and organs‐at‐risk (OARs), along with their associated planning objectives. Special attention is given to overlapping structures with potentially conflicting objectives. These planning objectives are fed into an in‐house optimization engine to generate the spot monitor unit (MU) values. A decision‐making policy network trained using PPO is developed to iteratively adjust the involved planning objective parameters. The policy network predicts actions in a continuous action space and guides the treatment planning system to refine the PBS treatment plans using a novel dose distribution‐based reward function. A total of 34 H&N patients (30 for training and 4 for test) and 26 liver patients (20 for training, 6 for test) are included in this study to train and verify the effectiveness and generalizability of the proposed method.ResultsProton H&N treatment plans generated by the model show improved OAR sparing with equal or superior target coverage when compared with human‐generated plans. Moreover, additional experiments on liver cancer demonstrate that the proposed method can be successfully generalized to other treatment sites.ConclusionsThe automatic treatment planning model can generate complex H&N plans with quality comparable or superior to those produced by experienced human planners. Compared with existing works, our method is capable of handling more planning objectives in continuous action spaces. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first DRL‐based automatic treatment planning model capable of achieving human‐level performance for H&N cancers.
Sociodemographic and Clinical Determinants of 12‐Month Decision Regret for Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Wang Naomi C. , Ramesh Uma R. , Feucht Maria , Alapati Rahul , Wagoner Sarah F. , Nallani Rohit , Kakarala Kiran , Shnayder Yelizaveta , Hamill Chelsea S. , Sykes Kevin J. , Bur Andrés M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to identify factors associated with increased decision regret (DR) 12 months following treatment among head and neck cancer (HNC) patients.Study DesignA retrospective observational cohort study.SettingPatients with newly diagnosed HNC at an academic tertiary care center from 2018 to 2023.MethodsData from a patient registry assessing quality of life (QOL), DR, social support, and anxiety at initial diagnosis and 12 months post‐treatment were analyzed. Only patients who completed the decision regret questionnaire at 12 months were included.ResultsAmong 225 participants, 60% experienced mild DR and 28% reported moderate to severe regret. Stronger regret was associated with advanced disease presentation, free flap reconstructive surgery, chemoradiation, and disease recurrence. Patients with more severe regret had lower QOL at baseline and 12 months, higher anxiety at 12 months, and lower social support at 12 months. Multivariable analysis identified multimodal treatment including radiation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.25‐10.78], P = .018), lower 12‐month social support (aOR 1.03, 95% CI [1.00‐1.05], P = .039), and decreases in QOL (aOR 1.03, 95% CI [1.00‐1.06], P = .024) as independent predictors of increased DR.ConclusionTreatment involving radiation, lower concurrent social support, and diminished QOL are associated with DR 12 months after treatment. This highlights the potential of interventions aimed at enhancing social support, addressing treatment‐related sequelae, and strengthening shared decision‐making to prevent regret. Further studies are needed to elucidate factors driving regret in HNC patient subgroups and assess the efficacy of proposed mitigative interventions.
High‐throughput quantitative assessment of ABA‐responsive elements at single‐nucleotide resolution
Authors: Sun Fangnan , Deng Yaxin , Zhao Weihua , Xiong Yixue , Zhao Lingxia , Zhang Lida 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAbscisic acid (ABA)‐responsive elements (ABREs) are the major cis‐regulatory elements in ABA‐induced gene expression. However, the impact of sequence variations on ABRE function is not yet well‐understood. Here, we used synthetic STARR‐seq to quantitatively assess the effects of single‐nucleotide substitutions on ABRE activity. Our results revealed that the nucleotide substitutions in both the ACGT‐core and ACGT‐flank regions affected transcriptional strength. Alterations in the ACGT‐core sequence had a more significant impact on ABRE activity than changes in the flanking region. Interestingly, we observed that the ACGT‐flank variants with high activity exhibited a strong sequence preference in the downstream region, whereas the highly active core variants were diverse in sequence patterns. Our studies provide a quantitative map of ABRE activity at single‐nucleotide resolution, which will facilitate the design of ABA‐responsive promoters with desired activities in plants.
Circularly Polarized Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Based on Device Functional Layer Materials
Authors: Zhang Rong , Gao Jing , Li Nuomin , Gao Caiyun , Zhang Chunliang , Wang Hongjiang , Sun Feiyi , Yang Tianyu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCircularly polarized light‐emitting devices have found extensive application prospects in 3D displays and optoelectronic information. Among them, circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLED), as a rising star of circularly polarized light‐emitting devices, achieved good research results. However, the preparation of CP‐OLED with a high electroluminescence asymmetry factor and high external quantum efficiency is a hot and difficult research topic. At present, the approaches for achieving circularly polarized electroluminescence via CP‐OLED are: 1) Using chiral materials as luminescent materials, 2) Utilizing chiral functional materials. This review summarizes recent methodologies used for manufacturing CP‐OLED. It focuses on the construction strategies and applications of chiral functional materials (chiral host materials, chiral hole transport materials, and chiral electron transport materials) in CP‐OLED. While challenges such as complex chiral design and material interactions persist, advancements in material design and device architecture propel CP‐OLED forward. These developments promise to elevate CP‐OLED as a focal point in optoelectronic research, facilitating high‐performance, circularly polarized luminescence (CPL)‐capable devices for practical applications.
Triazole Drives Hole Localization and Superoxide Radical Formation for Enhancive Photocatalytic Cascade Isomerization/C─C Bond Scission of Biomass to Lactic Acid
Authors: Liu Huan , Huang Jinshu , Wen Yu , Li Jie , Wang Junqi , Saravanamurugan Shunmugavel , Li Hu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractChemocatalytic synthesis of lactic acid (LA) from biomass sugars involves heat‐absorbing multistep cascade reactions mediated by different active sites, often encountering unsatisfactory selectivity. Here, a hole‐localized carbon nitride‐based photocatalyst (C‐CNN) is constructed by covalent binding of heptazine and triazole skeleton via C─N bonds and further conjugated interaction with activated carbon, achieving the complete conversion of various biomass sugars to LA (up to 98.6% selectivity) at room temperature for 2 h. The introduced triazole electron donor in C‐CNN can not only enhance the adsorption of sugar for the enhanced aldose‐to‐ketose isomerization over the localized hole (Lewis acid) on the triazole skeleton, but also modulate the valence band oxidation to circumvent the formation of •OH but only •O2‒ for selective C3‒C4 cleavage of ketose, thus realizing the exclusive synthesis of LA. Moreover, near‐infrared light absorption endowed by activated carbon can supply sufficient interface photothermal effect for ambient LA production. Life cycle assessment shows that the photocatalytic system has good prospects for industrialization in terms of both energy and environment. This work offers novel insights into the multidirectional utilization of solar energy for the value‐added conversion of biomass through rational modulation of photothermal active sites.
In Operando Raman Spectroscopy Reveals Li‐Ion Solvation in Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Huang Dequan , Zeng Cuihong , Liu Menghao , Chen Xiaorong , Li Yahao , Zou Jinshuo , Pan Qichang , Zheng Fenghua , Wang Hongqiang , Li Qingyu , Hu Sijiang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractInhomogeneous lithium (Li) deposition and unstable solid electrolyte interphase are the main causes of short cycle life and safety issues in Li metal batteries (LMBs). Developing a 3D structured matrix current collector and novel electrolyte are feasible strategies to tackle these issues. Ether‐based electrolytes are widely used in LMBs. However, a fundamental understanding of Li‐ion coordination and solvent remains incomplete. Here, lithiophilic Ag‐Cu mesh is designed as the current collector to boost rapid Li‐ion flux and Li metal nucleation. Meanwhile, dimethoxyethane (DME)/dioxolane (DOL) are used as complex solvents to enable lower interfacial resistance. The solvation structures at the interfaces of different collectors with different electrolytes are investigated. By applying in operando Raman spectroscopy, it is demonstrated that bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide TFSI–and DME molecules are highly coordinated with Li+ compared with DOL molecules. Furthermore, lithiophilic 3D Ag‐Cu mesh tunes Li+ solvation/desolvation, resulting in a uniform deposition. The Ag‐Cu mesh/Li symmetric cells demonstrate long‐term cycling life up to 1200 h and Coulombic efficiency of 98.6% over 200 cycles at 1 mA cm−2. The Ag‐Cu mesh/Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cells exhibit an initial discharge capacity of 208.7 mAh g−1 at 1.0 C with a capacity retention of 76.1% after 500 cycles.
Data Sensemaking Framework by Applying Conceptual Modeling and Data Analysis: A Case Study From the Norwegian Public Transportation Domain
Authors: Ali Haytham B. , Muller Gerrit , Safi Jamal , Falk Kristin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe industry aims to adopt data‐driven methods to improve system availability and reliability. A critical challenge in this process is achieving data sensemaking for practitioners, including maintenance personnel and decision‐makers, product developers, and consultants. This article replicates a data framework that combines conceptual modeling and data analysis to achieve data sensemaking. The main author previously developed and exemplified the framework through a case study of an automated parking system in a small‐and‐medium‐sized enterprise. This study implemented the framework in a more complex context: the Norwegian maintenance Metro public transportation department within a large enterprise, using Oslo Metro. Applying the framework assisted the maintenance department in closing the internal maintenance feedback loop. In this context, we collected and analyzed exploratively internal failure data and external weather data spanning 6 years. In parallel, we developed several conceptual models co‐created with various stakeholders. These models facilitated a shared understanding of the maintenance processes and guided exploratory data analysis, with data analysis, in turn, supporting conceptual modeling. This study implemented and evaluated the framework using on‐site and participant observations, interviews, subject matter experts’ feedback, and co‐creation sessions. Findings from the observations emphasize the complementary nature of conceptual modeling and data analysis in achieving data sensemaking, leading to a deeper understanding of Oslo Metro behavior. This understanding aids in improving maintenance processes and their effectiveness, enhancing Oslo Metro availability and reliability. Despite the framework implementation is context‐dependent, findings indicate its effectiveness, motivating practitioners to implement it in other contexts.
A novel fluorescent sensor for arsenic: A DFT study
Authors: Hien Nguyen Khoa , Van Bay Mai , Quang Duong Tuan , Nam Pham Cam 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this study, a new fluorescent sensor (DAH) was thoroughly investigated, from its design and synthesis to its characterization and application, based on theoretical calculations using density functional theory. The investigated results indicate that the DAH sensor exhibits a maximum absorption wavelength at 370 nm and a maximum fluorescence wavelength at 414 nm. The DAH sensor forms six‐membered ring complexes with Ag+, Cu+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Hg2+, Mg2+, Pb2+, Pd2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Sn2+, Co3+, Fe3+, Al3+, Cr3+, and As3+ ions in a 1:1 molar ratio. Among these, the DAH‐As3+ complex displays a significant red shift in its maximum fluorescence wavelength, with a shift of approximately 100 nm compared to the other complexes. Therefore, DAH is considered suitable for detecting As3+ in the presence of these metal ions using fluorescence.
The Binding Nature of Mediation Settlements in North Macedonia: Aspects of Validity and Enforcement
Authors: Anastasovska Jadranka Dabovikj , Staninova Marjana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mediation has emerged as an important tool in contemporary dispute resolution, offering parties a flexible and collaborative approach to resolving conflicts. Unlike traditional litigation, where decisions are imposed by a third party, mediation empowers parties to craft their own solutions, fostering a sense of ownership and satisfaction with the outcome. This autonomy often leads to higher rates of compliance and long-term satisfaction among the parties involved. However, in cases where voluntary compliance with mediated settlements fails, mechanisms for enforcement become paramount. Without a means to ensure compliance with mediated agreements, parties may be hesitant to engage in mediation, fearing that their agreements will not be honored or enforced. This contribution explores the binding nature of mediation settlements in North Macedonia, focusing on aspects of validity and enforcement within the national legal framework. The objective is to emphasize the role that enforcement mechanisms of mediation settlements play in ensuring the success of mediation as a preferred method of dispute resolution.
The Case for Judicial Capacity Building Through International Arbitration
Authors: Lourie Greg 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Judicial capacity building is recognized as a vital element of development policy. However, with resources for (judicial) capacity building being limited, this paper seeks to address first the question of why states should dedicate the limited resources available to invest in capacity building through international arbitration. Second, if such investment is to be made, what should be the focus of capacity building efforts in order to achieve the best long-term success? In answering these questions, this paper posits that international arbitration should be considered by states as a pivotal element of judicial capacity building because it contributes to an effective judiciary and political stability, in turn enabling the state to better attract foreign direct investment (FDI). A well-functioning legal framework for international arbitration may act as a catalyst for FDI by boosting investor confidence and economic development. Countries with robust arbitration frameworks may be able to attract significant FDI despite inefficiencies in their domestic judicial systems. The availability of effective dispute resolution mechanisms also fosters political stability and economic development by strengthening the rule of law and contributes to maintaining public confidence and social stability. For successful capacity building, all stakeholders—including government officials, legislators, the judiciary, lawyers, and arbitrators—must be involved. Training government officials ensures informed policy-making, while judicial training ensures that the established arbitration framework properly functions in practice. Training local practitioners and arbitrators fosters acceptance and trust in arbitration. Lastly, robust arbitral institutions are crucial in capacity building. They fulfill this role not only through knowledge-sharing and training initiatives but also by acting as intermediaries between the parties and the arbitral tribunal. In this capacity, strong arbitral institutions foster trust in the arbitral process by ensuring the quality of selected arbitrators and maintaining a high standard of arbitral awards.