bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cholestasis, sclerosing cholangitis, and liver transplantation in Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Braier Jorge , Ciocca Mirta , Latella Antonio , de Davila Maria G. , Drajer Marina , Imventarza Oscar 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze features and outcomes of cholestasis, sclerosing cholangitis (SC), and liver transplantation (LTx) in patients with Langerhans cell Histiocytosis (LCH) between October 1987 and June 1999.Study designOf 182 cases with LCH, 36 had hepatic involvement and 12 of those presented with cholestasis. These 12 were the focus of our study. Their median age was 23 months (range: 3–36). Hepatomegaly or hepatosplenomegaly was found in 11 of the 12; elevations of alkaline phosphatase, transaminases, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and less frequently direct bilirubin were detected. Sonography, liver biopsy, and cholangiography were consistent with the diagnosis of SC in 11 patients. None of the biopsies revealed Langerhans cells (LC). Frequently associated lesions of skin, bone, and ear were noted. Early patients were treated with Vinblastine/prednisone for 8 weeks, later patients with the LCH I and LCH II protocols of the Histiocyte Society (HS).ResultsMedian follow‐up was 28 months (range: 10–86). Three patients improved and remained without signs of progressive SC at 27, 32, and 86 months. Nine had progressive liver sequelae resistant to chemotherapy. Of these nine, five received LTx, three died before LTx with progressive SC, and one awaits LTx. Three LTx patients survive without disease reactivation 14, 25, and 37 months post‐transplant. Two patients died less than one month after LTx, due to renal failure and sepsis in the first patient and bowel volvulus with perforation followed by sepsis in the second one.ConclusionsSC is a frequent and usually progressive sequela of multisystem LCH in our institution. LTx has become the treatment of choice for the majority of patientsand should be considered early in cases with severe hepatic involvement. Med Pediatr Oncol 2002;38:178–182. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
1H and 13C NMR spectral assignments of 2,4‐diaryl‐substituted cycloalkyl[d]pyrimidines
Authors: Herrera Antonio , Martínez‐Alvarez Roberto , Chioua Mourad , Sánchez Ángel , Molero Dolores , Chioua Rachid 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe proton and carbon spectra of new 2,4‐diaryl‐substituted cycloalkyl[d]pyrimidines prepared in a simple one‐pot reaction, are reported. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An NMR tool for cyclodextrin selection in enantiomeric resolution by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Laverde Antonio , da Conceição Gelson J. A. , Queiroz Sonia C. N. , Fujiwara Fred Y. , Marsaioli Anita J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractComplexation‐induced chemical shifts and diffusion coefficients (HR‐DOSY) of enantiomers with native and derivatized cyclodextrins were used for calculations of the apparent binding constants of three cyclohexanone inclusion complexes. Correlations between these data and high‐performance liquid chromatography were established, revealing that this approach can be applied as an alternative method to predict enantiomeric discrimination. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of para‐substituted benzamidoximes and benzamidinium salts by 15N NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Girreser U. , König M. , Clement B. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract15N NMR data for a series of 12 para‐substituted benzamidoximes and benzamidinium salts were determined in dimethyl sulfoxide. For the amino group of benzamidoximes 1J(N,H) coupling constants were determined using polarization transfer techniques; the other 15N atoms were not detectable owing to fast exchange processes and, thus, standard proton noise decoupled spectra had to be measured. The 15N NMR chemical shifts of the oxime‐type nitrogen atom and the benzamidinium amino group (with two exceptions) correlate with Hammett σ° values (r2>0.95). 15N NMR shift data are a suitable and sensitive means for characterizing far‐ranging electronic substituent effects in these functional groups. Additionally, 13C NMR data in dimethyl sulfoxide solution are given. All spectroscopic data will be used for investigations into the mechanisms of the enzymes involved in the metabolic cycle of oxidation and reduction of benzamidines and benzamidoximes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence that multifunctional calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaM KII) participates in the meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes
Authors: Su You‐Qiang , Eppig John J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCalcium‐dependent signaling pathways are thought to be involved in the regulation of mammalian oocyte meiotic maturation. However, the molecular linkages between the calcium signal and the processes driving meiotic maturation are not clearly defined. The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that the multi‐functional calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaM KII) functions as one of these key linkers. Mouse oocytes were treated with a pharmacological CaM KII inhibitor, KN‐93, or a peptide CaM KII inhibitor, myristoylated AIP, and assessed for the progression of meiosis. Two systems for in vitro oocyte maturation were used: (1) spontaneous gonadotropin‐independent maturation and (2) follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH)‐induced reversal of hypoxanthine‐mediated meiotic arrest. FSH‐induced, but not spontaneous germinal vesicle breakdown (GVB) was dose‐dependently inhibited by both myristoylated AIP and KN‐93, but not its inactive analog, KN‐92. However, emission of the first polar body (PB1) was inhibited by myristoylated AIP and KN‐93 in both oocyte maturation systems. Oocytes that failed to produce PB1 exhibited normal‐appearing metaphase I chromosome congression and spindles indicating that CaM KII inhibitors blocked the metaphase I to anaphase I transition. Similar results were obtained when the oocytes were treated with a calmodulin antagonist, W‐7, and matured spontaneously. These results suggest that CaM KII, and hence the calcium signaling pathway, is potentially involved in regulating the meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes. This kinase both participates in gonadotropin‐induced resumption of meiosis, as well as promoting the metaphase I to anaphase I transition. Further evidence is therefore, provided of the critical role of calcium‐dependent pathways in mammalian oocyte maturation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 61:560–569, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential cellular compartmentalization of the nuclear receptor SpSHR2 splicing variants in early sea urchin embryos
Authors: Kontrogianni‐Konstantopoulos Aikaterini , Flytzanis Constantin N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSpSHR2 is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, expressed in embryos, larvae, and adult tissues of sea urchin. During embryonic development, two receptor isoforms are produced via alternative splicing. One exhibits the typical structure of nuclear receptors (SpSHR2‐full length), whereas the other is missing the entire LBD (SpSHR2‐splice variant). DNA‐constructs encoding these isoforms and two additional in vitro generated deletion mutants were engineered in an expression vector carrying the myc‐tag. Expression of the tagged isoforms in S. purpuratus embryos showed that the exogenous SpSHR2 full‐length protein displays a similar subcellular localization as the endogenous receptor. In early cleavage stages (4‐cells), the full‐length isoform is predominantly localized in the nucleus, whereas two cell divisions later (16‐cells) protein accumulations are detected in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. To the contrary, the SpSHR2‐splice variant is confined in the embryonic nuclei both at 4‐ and 16‐cell stage embryos. Analysis of the intracellular distribution of two receptor mutants, one having a deletion within the DBD (ΔP) and the other a truncation of the C‐terminal F‐domain (ΔF), revealed that ΔP is localized similarly to full‐length receptor, whereas ΔF is maintained in the nucleus, similar to the SpSHR2 splice variant. Investigation of the DNA binding and dimerization properties of the two SpSHR2 isoforms demonstrated that they recognize and bind to a DR1‐element as monomers, whereas ΔP does not bind DNA and ΔF binds to DR1 poorly. These results suggest that the receptor's putative LBD is responsible for the differential subcellular localization of the two natural SpSHR2‐isoforms in early development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 60: 147–157, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos bear the two sub‐units of interferon‐gamma receptor
Authors: Truchet Sandrine , Wietzerbin Juana , Debey Pascale 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCytokines and growth factors play important roles in implantation and maintenance of pregnancy, but also during early development. Among them interferon‐gamma (IFNγ) is highly expressed by mammalian trophoblast cells during implantation and seems to be involved in some cases of pregnancy loss. In the present study we investigated the possible presence of IFNγ receptors (IFNGR) on mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos. The two receptor chains IFNγRα (IFNGR‐1) and IFNγRβ (IFNGR‐2) have been detected by indirect immunofluorescence at the surface of mouse oocytes (in germinal vesicle and metaphase II stages), as well as at all stages of in vitro embryo development from the one‐cell to blastocyst stage. IFNGR appeared to colocalize partly with ganglioside GM1 at the cell surface of oocytes and embryos, indicating a possible preferential localization of this receptor in “rafts” microdomains. This was analyzed in more detail using software developed in the laboratory. IFNγ was found to bind to its receptor at all stages analyzed. RT‐PCR and Southern blot experiments confirmed the presence of the transcriptionally regulated IFNGR‐2 chain mRNA, in mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos. These results show, for the first time, that mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos bear a complete and theoretically functional IFNGR, suggesting that this cytokine could play a role during early development.Mol. Reprod. Dev. 60: 319–330, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of spermadhesin genes in porcine male and female reproductive tracts
Authors: Ekhlasi‐Hundrieser Mahnaz , Sinowatz Fred , De Wilke Irene Greiser , Waberski Dagmar , Töpfer‐Petersen Edda 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSpermadhesins, secretory proteins of the male genital tract, constitute the bulk of seminal plasma proteins in pig. The nucleotide sequences of spermadhesins AWN, AQN‐1, and AQN‐3 from the cDNAs, derived from seminal vesicles, were determined. The coding sequences of spermadhesins revealed an overall sequence similarity of 40% at nucleotide level. Expression of spermadhesins (AWN, AQN‐1, AQN‐3, PSP‐I, and PSP‐II) in porcine male and female reproductive tracts were studied by means of RT‐PCR and immunological approaches. All spermadhesins are transcribed and translated in seminal vesicles and prostate. In caudal epididymis mRNA transcripts of all spermadhesins have been detected by RT‐PCR. PSP‐I showed additional signals in caput epididymis and rete testis. Translation can be detected only for AWN in tissue extracts by SDS–PAGE and Western blotting. Remarkably, AWN is the only spermadhesin that is also expressed in the uterus, the uterotubal junction, and the oviduct of the female genital tract as shown by RT‐PCR, cDNA‐sequencing, and immunological analysis. In sows at estrus and interestrus, in gilts and gilts 12 hr after insemination no obvious differences were noticed in the pattern of AWN‐immunoreactivity in epithelial cells either of the uterotubal junction, isthmus, or ampulla. While strong staining was observed in the superficial uterine glands and in the glands of the uterotubal junction during estrus, in diestrus this declined distinctly. The role of spermadhesins in relation to their expression is discussed. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 61: 32–41, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in early bovine embryo development
Authors: Chiappe M.E. , Lattanzi M.L. , Colman‐Lerner A.A. , Barañao J.L. , Saragüeta P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe analyzed the presence of 3β‐Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/Δ5→4‐isomerase enzyme (3β‐HSD) activity, a key enzyme of the steroid metabolic pathway, the mRNA of this enzyme, and the steroid metabolism in in vitro produced bovine embryos. 3β‐HSD activity was detected in in vitro matured oocytes (74.4 ± 1.4%), 1‐cell (72.9 ± 6.1%), 2‐cell (61.8 ± 7.4%), 8‐cell (50 ± 5%), morulae (50.8 ± 2.6%), blastocysts (94.4 ± 3%), and hatched blastocysts (100 ± 0%) meanwhile the 4‐cell stage showed a significant reduction (16.7 ± 4.7%). When total embryonic RNA of different stages was subjected to RT‐PCR assays, the mRNA of 3β‐HSD was found to be present in all developmental stages of in vitro produced bovine embryos, from the oocyte to the blastocyst, with a marked decrease at the 4‐cell stage. To determine whether the temporal pattern of enzyme activity was dependent on the maternal to zygotic transition, embryos were incubated in the presence of a transcription inhibitor, α‐amanitin. The reappearance of the enzyme activity after the 4‐cell stage was blocked in α‐amanitin treated embryos, indicating the requirement of embryonic transcription. On the other hand, the embryonic steroid metabolism was tested by incubating blastocyst with tritiated pregnenolone. Analysis of the metabolites by TLC indicated the production of a compound with a mobility identical to progesterone. These results described the expression of the 3β‐HSD and the activity of this metabolic enzyme in bovine oocytes and preimplantation embryos, suggesting that steroids may act as autocrine effectors on preimplantation embryo development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 61: 135–141, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective three‐dimensional visualization of the coronary arterial lumen using arterial spin tagging
Authors: Stuber Matthias , Börnert Peter , Spuentrup Elmar , Botnar René M. , Manning Warren J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractConventional coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) techniques display the coronary blood‐pool along with the surrounding structures, including the myocardium, the ventricular and atrial blood‐pool, and the great vessels. This representation of the coronary lumen is not directly analogous to the information provided by x‐ray coronary angiography, in which the coronary lumen displayed by iodinated contrast agent is seen. Analogous “luminographic” data may be obtained using MR arterial spin tagging (projection coronary MRA) techniques. Such an approach was implemented using a 2D selective “pencil” excitation for aortic spin tagging in concert with a 3D interleaved segmented spiral imaging sequence with free‐breathing, and real‐time navigator technology. This technique allows for selective 3D visualization of the coronary lumen blood‐pool, while signal from the surrounding structures is suppressed. Magn Reson Med 47:322–329, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cerebral T1ρ relaxation time increases immediately upon global ischemia in the rat independently of blood glucose and anoxic depolarization
Authors: Kettunen Mikko I. , Gröhn Olli H.J. , Penttonen Markku , Kauppinen Risto A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTime‐dependent changes of T1 in the rotating frame (T1ρ), diffusion, T2, and magnetization transfer contrast on cardiac arrest‐induced global ischemia in rat were investigated. T1ρ, as acquired with spin lock amplitudes >0.6 G, started to increase 10–20 sec after cardiac arrest followed by an increase within 3–4 min to a level that was 6–8% greater than in normal brain. The ischemic T1ρ response coincided with the drop of water diffusion coefficient in normoglycemic animals. However, unlike the rate of diffusion, the kinetics of T1ρ were not affected by either preischemic hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Similar to diffusion, the kinetics of anoxic depolarization were dependent on preischemic blood glucose levels. Ischemia caused a reduction in the Hahn spin echo T2 as a result of blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) effect; maximal negative BOLD seen by 40 sec. In the animals injected with an ironoxide particle contrast agent, AMI‐227, prior to the insult, both T1ρ and T2 immediately increased in concert on induction of ischemia. In contrast to the T1ρ and diffusion changes, a much slower change in magnetization transfer contrast was evident over the first 20 min of ischemia. These data demonstrate that T1ρ immediately increases following ischemia and that the pathophysiological mechanisms affecting this relaxation time may not directly involve magnetization transfer. The mechanisms prolonging T1ρ differ from those affecting water diffusion with respect to their sensitivities to glucose and are apparently independent of membrane depolarization. Magn Reson Med 46:565–572, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
USPIO‐enhanced dynamic MRI: Evaluation of normal and transplanted rat kidneys
Authors: Yang Dewen , Ye Qing , Williams Mangay , Sun Ying , Hu Tom C.‐C. , Williams Donald S. , Moura José M.F. , Ho Chien 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo evaluate first‐pass renal perfusion with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) particles by MRI, 40 normal rats (20 Dark Agouti (DA) rats and 20 Brown Norway (BN) rats) and 16 transplanted rats (12 allografts and four isografts) were studied on day 4 post‐transplantation with different USPIO doses (3.0–18.1 mg Fe/kg/body weight). All animals underwent 128 consecutive snapshot fast low‐angle shot (FLASH) coronal dynamic studies in 43 s. In the normal rats, a larger maximum signal decrease (MSD) in the cortex and the outer medulla is observed with an increasing dose of USPIO particles (P < 0.01). No significant differences were observed between the right and left kidneys at all doses studied. Higher MSD, time of occurrence of MSD (tMSD), and wash‐in slope appear with higher doses of USPIO particles. The dynamic curves for DA rats show similar shapes when compared to those for BN rats. In the transplanted rats, allograft kidneys show lower MSD, longer tMSD, and lower wash‐in slope compared to those in the normal kidneys. Isograft kidneys show perfusion patterns similar to those of normal kidneys in the cortex and the outer medulla. Histopathology indicates acute vascular rejection in all allografts and normal kidney architecture in all isografts. The results clearly show good agreement between the renal graft perfusion measurements and histopathological changes associated with rejection. This work also introduces a new signal analysis methodology for the automatic detection of transplanted organ rejection. This method compares the dynamics of the intrarenal signal intensities for native and transplanted kidneys. A quantitative measurement to detect significant differences between these signals was developed, and showed that this technique exhibits good performance in identifying renal rejection. Magn Reson Med 46:1152–1163, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brachial plexus neoplastic lesions assessed by conduction study of medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
Authors: Seror Paul 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo cases of neoplastic involvement of the lower brachial plexus are reported. This condition was due to recurrence of lymphoma in one case and to axillary node spread of breast cancer in the other. The neuropathic origin and the location of the lesion in the lower brachial plexus between the T‐1 root and the axilla was demonstrated by the presence of abnormalities on testing of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve in the symptomatic upper limb and comparing it to the healthy one. All other electrodiagnostic tests were normal. Such a finding suggests the need for imaging of the lower brachial plexus region by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1068–1070, 2001
A dual criteria sequencing problem with earliness and tardiness penalties
Authors: Leung Joseph Y.‐T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe consider the problem of sequencing n jobs on a single machine, with each job having a processing time and a common due date. The common due date is assumed to be so large that all jobs can complete by the due date. It is known that there is an O(n log n)‐time algorithm for finding a schedule with minimum total earliness and tardiness. In this article, we consider finding a schedule with dual criteria. The primary goal is to minimize the total earliness and tardiness. The secondary goals are to minimize: (1) the maximum earliness and tardiness; (2) the sum of the maximum of the squares of earliness and tardiness; (3) the sum of the squares of earliness and tardiness. For the first two criteria, we show that the problems are NP‐hard and we give a fully polynomial time approximation scheme for both of them. For the last two criteria, we show that the ratio of the worst schedule versus the best schedule is no more than ${3\over 2}$. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 422–431, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/nav.10020
A risk function for the stochastic modeling of electric capacity expansion
Authors: Marín A. , Salmerón J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe present a stochastic optimization model for planning capacity expansion under capacity deterioration and demand uncertainty. The paper focuses on the electric sector, although the methodology can be used in other applications. The goals of the model are deciding which energy types must be installed, and when. Another goal is providing an initial generation plan for short periods of the planning horizon that might be adequately modified in real time assuming penalties in the operation cost. Uncertainty is modeled under the assumption that the demand is a random vector. The cost of the risk associated with decisions that may need some tuning in the future is included in the objective function. The proposed scheme to solve the nonlinear stochastic optimization model is Generalized Benders' decomposition. We also exploit the Benders' subproblem structure to solve it efficiently. Computational results for moderate‐size problems are presented along with comparison to a general‐purpose nonlinear optimization package. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48:662–683, 2001
A comparative fMRI study: T2*‐weighted imaging versus R2* mapping
Authors: Wennerberg Anders B. A. , Jonsson Tomas , Forssberg Hans , Li Tie‐Qiang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging experiments were performed in human motor cortex at 1.5 T by sampling two successive gradient recalled echo images in a single shot. Several aspects of brain mapping methods based on T2*‐weighted imaging and R2* mapping were quantitatively compared. These include the detected activation volume, functional contrast (FC), signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR). Studies based on the R2* mapping method have the following potential advantages: maximum functional contrast, less dependent on TE; and reduced inflow effects. R2* mapping produced the highest functional contrast, but not the largest activation volume due to the reduced signal‐to‐noise ratio and inflow effects. The sensitivity for activation detection is significantly correlated with the contrast‐to‐noise ratio, which is determined by both the SNR and FC. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abbreviations used:

BOLD

blood oxygen level dependent

CNR

contrast‐to‐noise ratio

FC

functional contrast

FFT

fast fourier transformation

GRE

gradient recalled echo

ROI

region of interest

SNR

Signal‐to‐noise ratio

TE

echo time.