bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of apoB‐100 R3500Q mutation by competitive allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Horvath Anelia D. , Kirov Steven A. , Karaulanov Emil E. , Ganev Varban S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe apolipoprotein B‐100 mutation R3500Q is one of the most common inherited defects causing abnormality of the lipid metabolism. We describe a one‐step, single‐tube PCR technique for detection of the mutation based on competition between allele‐specific primers. Three oligonucleotides are used: two allele‐specific primers differing in their 3′ nucleotide (for the wild‐type and the mutant allele) together with a common primer, resulting in simultaneous amplification of both alleles. This provided internal control of successful amplification and is expected to result in increased specificity. The allele‐specific primers differ also in length, allowing us to distinguish both alleles by their size in a single electrophoretic run. For optimization of the protocol, DNAs genotyped before by oligonucleotide ligation assay were used. The individual genotypes obtained by CAS‐PCR coincided fully with the ones from a referent OLA test: seven heterozygous individuals were found, 4 of them among 150 unrelated hypercholesterolemic individuals studied and other three in the pedigrees of heterozygous carriers. On the overall 160 genotypes were determined, neither false‐positive (0 out of 153 non‐carriers) nor false‐negative (0 out of 7 carriers) results were obtained. No homozygous mutant genotypes were identified in this sample. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:256–259, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Negative interference of bilirubin and hemoglobin in the MEIA troponin I assay but not in the MEIA CK&hyphen;MB assay
Authors: Dasgupta Amitava , Wells Alice , Biddle David A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTroponin I is a sensitive and specific marker for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Several commercially available immunoassays measure the concentration of troponin I in serum. The microparticle enzyme immunoassay &lpar;MEIA&rpar; for troponin I &lpar;Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL&rpar; is widely used in clinical laboratories, including our hospital laboratory. We studied the effect of bilirubin and hemolysis on the MEIA for troponin I and compared our assay with a newly available chemiluminescent assay &lpar;CLIA&rpar; for troponin I &lpar;Bayer Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY&rpar;. We also measured CK&hyphen;MB concentration using the MEIA CK&hyphen;MB assay. One serum pool was prepared by combining several specimens of one patient with elevated troponin I and with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Other serum pools were prepared by combining sera with similar troponin I values. All serum pools showed normal bilirubin concentrations and had no hemolysis. Then we supplemented aliquots of serum pools with various concentrations of bilirubin &lpar;5.0, 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0 mg&sol;dL&rpar;. After supplementation, troponin I concentrations were measured again using the MEIA and CLIA. We observed a statistically significant decrease in troponin I concentration in the presence of bilirubin with the MEIA. For example, in serum pool 1, the troponin I concentration was 16.3 &lpar;bilirubin: 0.8 mg&sol;dL&rpar;. In the presence of 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 mg&sol;dL of added bilirubin, the cardiac troponin I concentrations were 13.9, 13.4, 13.3 and 13.0 ng&sol;ml respectively. We observed similar negative interference of bilirubin in troponin I measurement by the MEIA in other pools. The troponin I value decreased slightly &lpar;not statistically significant&rpar; in one pool and did not change in two other pools in the presence of bilirubin when we measured troponin I concentration using the CLIA. Interestingly, bilirubin did not interfere with the MEIA CK&hyphen;MB assay. Moderate hemolysis did not have any effect on the troponin I assay using either the MEIA or CLIA. However, gross hemolysis &lpar;hemoglobin &gt; 40 mg&sol;dL&rpar; interfered with both assays for troponin I. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:76&ndash;80, 2001. &copy; 2001 Wiley&hyphen;Liss, Inc.
Computerized psychological test usage in APA‐accredited training programs
Authors: Olson Kenneth R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDespite the advantages of computerized psychological assessment and the proliferation of assessment software, many psychologists still do not use computerized assessment, and its utilization has not increased during the past decade. Two‐hundred‐fifty‐one APA‐accredited training programs in clinical and counseling psychology were surveyed concerning their use of computerized psychological assessment. Directors reported a median of only three computerized tests used in their training programs. Twenty‐five percent of the respondents reported no computerized psychological tests in their training programs. The computerized tests most‐often used in psychology programs were compared to results of surveys of psychological tests most‐often used in clinical practice. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 727–736, 2001.
Identifying the faces in the mirror: Untangling transference and countertransference in self psychology
Authors: Guy James D. , Brady Joan Laidig 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExperienced psychotherapists realize that there are many levels of meaning behind much that is said during the therapeutic hour. The challenge for the competent professional is to become wise enough to learn what to ignore and sensitive enough to know what to emphasize. Sorting this out is at the heart of the practice of good psychotherapy. In this article, we will briefly share our thoughts on this rich but complicated interpersonal interaction using Kohutian self psychology theory to understand the role of countertransference in the process of conducting psychotherapy. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 57: 993–997, 2001.
“Echo attributions” and other risks when publishing on novel therapies without peer review
Authors: Rosen Gerald M. , Davison Gerald C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA special series on Thought Field Therapy in the Journal of Clinical Psychology provides an opportunity for psychologists to learn about techniques and theories outside the mainstream of our field. Unfortunately, by publishing this series of manuscripts without meeting the standards of peer review, the Journal also provides an avenue for the misuse of its good reputation and the improper promotion of untested methods. “Echo attributions” can be made whereby an author attributes the source of his own words to the professional journal in which the text appears. Historical examples illustrate that such misuse of scientific journals and institutions occurs. A formal statement of guidelines is needed to instruct authors on appropriate versus unethical representations of their publications. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 1245–1250, 2001.
The Alcohol Helplessness Scale and its prediction of depression among problem drinkers
Authors: Sitharthan Gomathi , Hough Michael J. , Sitharthan Thiagarajan , Kavanagh David J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEvent‐specific scales commonly have greater power than generalized scales in prediction of specific disorders and in testing mediator models for predicting such disorders. Therefore, in a preliminary study, a 6‐item Alcohol Helplessness Scale was constructed and found to be reliable for a sample of 98 problem drinkers. Hierarchical multiple regression and its derivative path analysis were used to test whether helplessness and self‐efficacy moderate or mediate the link between alcohol dependence and depression. A test of a moderation model was not supported, whereas a test of a mediation model was supported. Helplessness and self‐efficacy both significantly and independently mediated between alcohol dependence and depression. Nevertheless, a significant direct effect of alcohol dependence on depression also remained. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 1445–1457, 2001.
Differential regulation of components of the focal adhesion complex by heregulin: Role of phosphatase SHP‐2
Authors: Vadlamudi Ratna K. , Adam Liana , Nguyen Diep , Santos Manes , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHeregulin (HRG) has been implicated in the progression of breast cancer cells to a malignant phenotype, a process that involves changes in cell motility and adhesion. Here we demonstrate that HRG differentially regulates the site‐specific phosphorylation of the focal adhesion components focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxilin in a dose‐dependent manner. HRG at suboptimal doses (0.01 and 0.1 nM) increased adhesion of cells to the substratum, induced phosphorylation of FAK at Tyr‐577, ‐925, and induced formation of well‐defined focal points in breast cancer cell line MCF‐7. HRG at a dose of 1 nM, increased migratory potential of breast cancer cells, selectively dephosphorylated FAK at Tyr‐577, ‐925, and paxillin at Tyr‐31. Tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK at Tyr‐397 remained unaffected by HRG stimulation. FAK associated with HER2 only in response to 0.01 nM HRG. In contrast, 1 nM HRG induced activation and increased association of tyrosine phosphatase SHP‐2 with HER2 but decreased association of HER2 with FAK. Expression of dominant‐negative SHP‐2 blocked HRG‐mediated dephosphorylation of FAK and paxillin, leading to persistent accumulation of mature focal points. Our results suggest that HRG differentially regulates signaling from focal adhesion complexes through selective phosphorylation and dephosphorylation and that tyrosine phosphatase SHP‐2 has a role in the HRG signaling. J. Cell. Physiol. 190: 189–199, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypoxia‐induced upregulation of eNOS gene expression is redox‐sensitive: A comparison between hypoxia and inhibitors of cell metabolism
Authors: Hoffmann Anke , Gloe Torsten , Pohl Ulrich 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeveral papers report a hypoxia‐induced upregulation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA expression. Since there is no known hypoxia‐sensitive element binding site in the eNOS promoter, we reasoned that the effect of hypoxia could be simulated by a metabolically elicited alteration of the redox state. Therefore, cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC) were exposed to hypoxia (1–10% O2) or inhibitors of cellular energy metabolism including rotenone, 2, 4 dinitrophenol (DNP) and 2‐deoxyglucose for 6 to 24 h. Additionally, cells were treated with lactate and nicotinic acid to alter the cellular NAD(P)H/NAD(P) ratio without changes of energy supply. The cellular NAD(P)H/NAD(P) ratio was used as an index of the cellular redox state and determined using the MTT‐assay. Hypoxia increased eNOS mRNA transcription and MTT‐reduction in a manner inversely proportional to pO2. Exposure to rotenone, DNP, and lactate increased the NAD(P)H/NAD(P) ratio, MTT‐reduction, and eNOS mRNA also in parallel. In contrast, 2‐deoxyglucose and nicotinic acid attenuated both MTT‐reduction and eNOS mRNA expression. In order to study a potential role of the redox regulated transcription factor complex AP‐1 in hypoxia‐induced eNOS mRNA transcription, c‐jun expression was determined and decoy experiments were performed. c‐jun expression paralleled changes of eNOS mRNA expression and MTT‐reduction. Furthermore, in the presence of oligodeoxynucleotides corresponding to the AP‐1 binding sites of the eNOS promoter, the hypoxia and chemically induced eNOS mRNA expression was completely abolished. We propose that hypoxia, by altering cellular metabolism, leads to an increase in the cellular NAD(P)H/NAD(P) ratio which favors enhanced eNOS expression by redox‐sensitive AP‐1 mediated transcriptional control. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of C/EBPβ isoforms in normal versus neoplastic mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Eaton Erin M. , Hanlon Mary , Bundy Linda , Sealy Linda 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA member of the CCAAT Enhancer Binding Proteins (C/EBPs) family of transcription factors, C/EBPβ, has recently proven to be an important player in both growth and differentiation of the epithelial cells in the mammary gland. When the gene for C/EBPβ is disrupted in mice, these mice fail to either develop normal mammary ducts during puberty or pregnancy, or to lactate upon parturition. C/EBPβ can be present in cells in three isoforms: C/EBPβ‐1, ‐2, and ‐3. These isoforms have the same carboxy terminus but different N‐termini due to alternative translational initiation at three different initiator codons within the C/EBPβ mRNA. Using a commercially available antibody specific to the C‐terminus of C/EBPβ and a novel antibody specific to the N‐terminus of C/EBPβ‐1, we have uncovered a striking difference in the forms of C/EBPβ present in normal mammary epithelial cells versus breast cancer cell lines. C/EBPβ‐ 1 is found exclusively in normal mammary epithelial cells, whereas C/EBPβ‐ 2 is found only in dividing cells, both normal and neoplastic. Our preliminary data suggest that the prevalent form of C/EBPβ in cancer cells, C/EBPβ‐ 2, can activate genes which push the cell to divide, such as cyclin D1. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemical decolorization of the azo dye CI Reactive Orange 96 by various organic/inorganic compounds
Authors: Yoo Eui S 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBatch experiments were performed to investigate the possibility and kinetics of chemical decolorization of the reactive mono‐azo dye CI Reactive Orange 96 (RO 96) with various compounds such as cysteine, ascorbate, Ti(III)‐citrate, Fe(II)‐sulfate, and yeast extract. Cysteine and ascorbate (10 mmol dm−3 respectively) decolorized RO 96 (0.19 mmol dm−3) in the absence of oxygen. Increasing the concentration of either reductant (to 20 or 38 mmol dm−3) enhanced the decolorization rate, showing first‐order kinetics with respect to both the concentration of the dye and of cysteine or ascorbate. The rate constants, k, for cysteine and ascorbate were 0.0003 and 0.0010 dm3mmol−1 h−1 respectively at pH 7.1 and 33 °C. Ti(III)‐citrate (10 mmol dm−3) decolorized RO 96 (0.20 mmol dm−3) within 5 min, independent of the presence of oxygen. Fe(II)‐sulfate was not effective in the decolorization of RO 96 at pH 8, whereas a rapid decolorization occurred at pH 12. This study suggests that a variety of abiotic processes may be involved in decolorization under anaerobic conditions.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Temperature‐related reaction kinetics and product composition of ethoxylated fatty acid methyl esters
Authors: Hreczuch Wiesław 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe work investigates the influence of temperature on the reaction kinetics and the consequent change in the distribution of homologues during ethoxylation of fatty acid methyl esters. It was found that temperature‐related kinetics of ethoxylation significantly affects the composition of the products and more narrow distributions of homologues are found with an increase in the reaction temperature from 135 °C to 185 °C. It is suggested that intermolecular complexation of the catalyst cation takes place, thus broadening the distribution of the homologues produced at the lower temperature range and the effect decays with increases in the reaction temperature. The substantial influence of the distribution of homologues on the products' viscosity and solubility is revealed.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Parallel hydrogenation of 2,2‐dimethylol‐1‐butanal and formaldehyde over supported NiCr and CuCr catalysts
Authors: Rantakylä Tiina‐Kaisa , Salmi Tapio , Mäki‐Arvela Päivi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe hydrogenation kinetics of 2,2‐dimethylol‐1‐butanal (TMP‐aldol) and formaldehyde were studied over two commercial supported catalysts; NiCr on silica and CuCr on alumina. Both catalysts hydrogenated the aldol selectively to triol, but the kinetic trends differed widely. With the nickel catalyst, the aldol hydrogenation was not started before almost all of the formaldehyde was consumed from the bulk phase, whereas the copper‐containing catalyst hydrogenated aldol and formaldehyde in parallel. Rate equations for the hydrogenation of aldol and formaldehyde were derived from a competitive surface mechanism. Since formaldehyde retarded significantly the hydrogenation rate of aldol over NiCr, the kinetic model was modified in order to take into account the inhibitory effect of formaldehyde. With the modified model, the experimental data produced over the NiCr catalyst were rather well described. The data from the experiments over the CuCr catalyst followed pseudo‐first order kinetics remarkably well. Furthermore, the kinetic model without the inhibitory effect of formaldehyde was able to describe the governing trends of the data obtained over the CuCr catalyst.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Maximum volumetric production of β‐galactosidase by Kluyveromyces fragilis in fed‐batch culture with automatic control
Authors: Barberis Sonia , Segovia Rodolfo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe production of β‐galactosidase by Kluyveromyces fragilis was studied in different culture systems, with dissolved oxygen concentration control and using defined media. An operating strategy of fed‐batch culture with automatic control of substrate addition regulated by dissolved oxygen concentration, consisting of the replacement of variable volumes of broth by fresh medium (once the fed‐batch culture has finished), was designed. The volumetric enzyme productivity (Qp, 13 600 UI dm−3 h−1) obtained was 38% higher than that reached in continuous culture of K fragilis with dissolved oxygen concentration control and far higher than that obtained by batch culture of K fragilis under the same aeration conditions.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Doppler sonographic diagnosis of respiration‐dependent reversed flow in the hilar splenic vein
Authors: Görg Christian , Riera‐Knorrenschild Jordi , Dietrich Jürgen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe describe respiration‐dependent reversed flow in the splenic vein detected by color Doppler sonography in 2 patients. In case 1, gray‐scale sonography in a patient with liver cirrhosis and abdominal pain showed a hyperechoic, thickened colonic segment and diverticula, with increased echogenicity around the diseased colon. The liver was small, with a nodular surface and coarse echotexture. Doppler sonography of the portal and splenic veins showed a constant hepatopetal flow while the patient held her breath in midinspiration and a brief, transient color change restricted to the hilar splenic veins when the patient took a deep breath. In case 2, abdominal sonography in a patient with pneumonia and right‐sided abdominal pain showed mural thickening of the appendix and left‐sided pneumonic infiltration. The liver size and texture were normal. Color Doppler sonography of the portal and splenic veins showed a constant hepatopetal flow while the patient held his breath in midinspiration and a transient reversal of flow restricted to the splenic veins when the patient took a deep breath. Although the cause of this flow pattern is unclear, increased intra‐abdominal pressure is a possible explanation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:527–530, 2001.
Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and vasopressin in magnocellular neurons of salt‐loaded aged rats
Authors: Marsais F. , Parmentier C. , Terao E. , Taxi J. , Calas A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is expressed in catecholaminergic neurons. However, under certain conditions it is also ectopically expressed in magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus. To test the hypothesis that this expression of TH is related to the cellular activation of these neurons and/or to the vasopressin (VP) expression, we studied the expression of both TH and VP in control and salt‐loaded aged rats. Our results demonstrate that aged rats show a marked TH expression in VP cells which is further increased by osmotic stimulation in the absence of increase in VP synthesis in the supraoptic nucleus. The presence of TH‐immunopositive dendritic swellings in the ventral part of this nucleus reveals the high state of plasticity of these neurons. Furthermore, the lack of several actors of catecholamine biosynthesis in these neurons suggests a different role for TH. This study further demonstrates an ectopic expression of TH in hypothalamic neurons of aged rats and a TH expression linked to the activation of VP neurons but unrelated to VP synthesis. Microsc. Res. Tech. 56:81–91, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sequential morphological and permeability changes in the rete capillaries during hyperglycaemia
Authors: Rasio E. A. , Bendayan M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWith the rete model of the eel swimbladder, we have studied the appearance and development of a microangiopathy during a 2‐year period of hyperglycaemia. Hyperglycaemia was induced in the eel by chronic exposure to cold water. At 3–5 months, basement membrane thickness was twice the normal value and increased only slightly thereafter. Diffusion coefficients of permeability were measured in counter‐current perfusion experiments for a variety of tracers that are believed to use different pathways of transcapillary transport. The permeability to sucrose was the first to significantly increase, at 6–8 months, followed by that of albumin, insulin, and inulin, at 9–11 months and that of sodium, at 18–24 months. The permeability to water and antipyrine remained stable throughout the study. The results indicate that in the rete model, chronic hyperglycaemia induces a rapid thickening of the capillary basement membrane and selective permeability increments in the various paths of transcapillary transport. Microsc. Res. Tech. 57:408–417, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of FTZ‐F1α in frog testicular cells
Authors: Takase Minoru , Nakajima Takeshi , Nakamura Masahisa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFushi tarazu transcription factor‐1 (FTZ‐F1), a member of a nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, is a transcriptional regulator for fushi tarazu gene expression in Drosophila (Ueda et al., ’90). We have cloned a homologue (rrFTZ‐F1α) of the FTZ‐F1 gene of the frog Rana rugosa. The gene, in frogs, has been shown to have high expression level in the testis (Nakajima et al., 2000). In this study, the RT‐PCR analysis showed that the FTZ‐F1α mRNA level in adult frogs did not change throughout the year, even during hibernation. However, when immunohistological studies using the anti‐rrFTZ‐F1α antibody were employed to examine which testicular cells expressed this gene, Sertoli cells were found to produce rrFTZ‐F1α in the two seasons: the breeding season (from March through May) and the pre‐hibernating season (from October through November). Interstitial cells, however, did it in only the breeding season (from April through May). Taken together, the results suggest that the rrFTZ‐F1α expression is regulated at the post‐transcriptional step, and that the rrFTZ‐F1α may play an important role(s) in the seasonal activities of Sertoli and interstitial cells in the frog testis. J. Exp. Zool. 290:182‐189, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.