bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“All-Weather Helicopter Systems”
Authors: Gerstenberger Walter 
Published: October 2023

The CHAIRMAN, in opening the meeting, said that it was a pleasure to welcome the first lecturer of the 1958/59 season Mr Gerstenberger, who was Chief of Dynamics at the Sikorsky Aircraft Division of the United Aircraft Corporation, Bridgeport and Stratford, Connecticut, would be discussing the equipment necessary for the all-weather operation of helicoptersThe Association was grateful to Mr Gerstenberger and to his Company for making available the benefit of their considerable experience in this field, and they were to be congratulated on having successfully evolved very reliable systems equipment, especially in their latest machine, the HSS-1N, of which Mr Gerstenberger would be speaking this evening
‘A Theoretical Approach to some Rotor Blade Flutter and Forced Vibration Problems’
Authors: Hooper W E 
Published: October 2023

A method for predicting the flutter boundaries of a helicopter rotor blade is developed which is intended to provide(a)an illustration of the effects of fundamental characteristics of the blade on the flutter boundaries, e g, mass axis location, flexural axis location, stiffness of control circuit, etc(b)a basic approach which may be developed and expanded to provide more detailed representation of any particular blade problem For example, in addition to giving the flutter boundaries for the blade, the equations in the form presented could be used to determine the response of the rotor blade to force distributions which are simple harmonics of the rotor angular velocity Another example is given at the end of this report in which the familiar blade resonance diagram is obtained for the torsion and flapping modes considering dynamic and stiffness properties only, and then again for the blade including the effect of aerodynamic damping
The Potential Influence of Maritime Continent Deforestation on El Niño‐Southern Oscillation: Insights From Idealized Modeling Experiments
Authors: Lee Ting‐Hui , Yu Jin‐Yi , Lin Yong‐Fu , Lo Min‐Hui , Xiao He‐Ming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDuring the past two decades, the Maritime Continent (MC) has experienced increased deforestation. Here we show, with ensemble idealized deforestation experiments, that the MC deforestation could potentially alter the complexity (i.e., event‐to‐event differences) of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in terms of its spatial pattern and temporal evolution. The deforestation model run increases the occurrences of the Central Pacific and multi‐year types of ENSO compared to the control experiments. This change in ENSO complexity can be attributed to MC's intensification of the subtropical ENSO dynamics, commonly known as the seasonal footprinting mechanism. The deforestation amplifies the mean state of the subtropical high over the northeastern Pacific, leading to an increased dominance of subtropical ENSO dynamics in determining the ENSO pattern and evolution. This idealized coupled climate modeling study suggests that MC deforestation has a potential to alter ENSO's complexity, making El Niño more complex and less predictable.
On the estimation of the effect of weight change on a health outcome using observational data, by utilising the target trial emulation framework
Authors: Katsoulis M. , Lai A. G. , Kipourou D. K. , Gomes M. , Banerjee A. , Denaxas S. , Lumbers R. T. , Tsilidis K. , Kostara Maria , Belot A. , Dale C. , Sofat R. , Leyrat C. , Hemingway H. , Diaz-Ordaz K. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background/Objectives
When studying the effect of weight change between two time points on a health outcome using observational data, two main problems arise initially (i) ‘when is time zero?’ and (ii) ‘which confounders should we account for?’ From the baseline date or the 1st follow-up (when the weight change can be measured)? Different methods have been previously used in the literature that carry different sources of bias and hence produce different results.

Methods
We utilised the target trial emulation framework and considered weight change as a hypothetical intervention. First, we used a simplified example from a hypothetical randomised trial where no modelling is required. Then we simulated data from an observational study where modelling is needed. We demonstrate the problems of each of these methods and suggest a strategy.

Interventions
weight loss/gain vs maintenance.

Results
The recommended method defines time-zero at enrolment, but adjustment for confounders (or exclusion of individuals based on levels of confounders) should be performed both at enrolment and the 1st follow-up.

Conclusions
The implementation of our suggested method [adjusting for (or excluding based on) confounders measured both at baseline and the 1st follow-up] can help researchers attenuate bias by avoiding some common pitfalls. Other methods that have been widely used in the past to estimate the effect of weight change on a health outcome are more biased. However, two issues remain (i) the exposure is not well-defined as there are different ways of changing weight (however we tried to reduce this problem by excluding individuals who develop a chronic disease); and (ii) immortal time bias, which may be small if the time to first follow up is short.
Millennial atmospheric CO2 changes linked to ocean ventilation modes over past 150,000 years
Authors: Yu J. , Anderson R. F. , Jin Z. D. , Ji X. , Thornalley D. J. R. , Wu L. , Thouveny N. , Cai Y. , Tan L. , Zhang F. , Menviel L. , Tian J. , Xie X. , Rohling E. J. , McManus J. F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIce core measurements show diverse atmospheric CO2 variations—increasing, decreasing or remaining stable—during millennial-scale North Atlantic cold periods called stadials. The reasons for these contrasting trends remain elusive. Ventilation of carbon-rich deep oceans can profoundly affect atmospheric CO2, but its millennial-scale history is poorly constrained. Here we present a well-dated high-resolution deep Atlantic acidity record over the past 150,000 years, which reveals five hitherto undetected modes of stadial ocean ventilation with different consequences for deep-sea carbon storage and associated atmospheric CO2 changes. Our data provide observational evidence to show that strong and often volumetrically extensive Southern Ocean ventilation released substantial amounts of deep-sea carbon during stadials when atmospheric CO2 rose prominently. By contrast, other stadials were characterized by weak ventilation via both Southern Ocean and North Atlantic, which promoted respired carbon accumulation and thus curtailed or reversed deep-sea carbon losses, resulting in diminished rises or even declines in atmospheric CO2. Our findings demonstrate that millennial-scale changes in deep-sea carbon storage and atmospheric CO2 are modulated by multiple ocean ventilation modes through the interplay of the two polar regions, rather than by the Southern Ocean alone, which is critical for comprehensive understanding of past and future carbon cycle adjustments to climate change.
The value of standards for health datasets in artificial intelligence-based applications
Authors: Arora Anmol , Alderman Joseph E. , Palmer Joanne , Ganapathi Shaswath , Laws Elinor , McCradden Melissa D. , Oakden-Rayner Lauren , Pfohl Stephen R. , Ghassemi Marzyeh , McKay Francis , Treanor Darren , Rostamzadeh Negar , Mateen Bilal , Gath Jacqui , Adebajo Adewole O. , Kuku Stephanie , Matin Rubeta , Heller Katherine , Sapey Elizabeth , Sebire Neil J. , Cole-Lewis Heather , Calvert Melanie , Denniston Alastair , Liu Xiaoxuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence as a medical device is increasingly being applied to healthcare for diagnosis, risk stratification and resource allocation. However, a growing body of evidence has highlighted the risk of algorithmic bias, which may perpetuate existing health inequity. This problem arises in part because of systemic inequalities in dataset curation, unequal opportunity to participate in research and inequalities of access. This study aims to explore existing standards, frameworks and best practices for ensuring adequate data diversity in health datasets. Exploring the body of existing literature and expert views is an important step towards the development of consensus-based guidelines. The study comprises two parts: a systematic review of existing standards, frameworks and best practices for healthcare datasets; and a survey and thematic analysis of stakeholder views of bias, health equity and best practices for artificial intelligence as a medical device. We found that the need for dataset diversity was well described in literature, and experts generally favored the development of a robust set of guidelines, but there were mixed views about how these could be implemented practically. The outputs of this study will be used to inform the development of standards for transparency of data diversity in health datasets (the STANDING Together initiative).
Neuronal types in the mouse amygdala and their transcriptional response to fear conditioning
Authors: Hochgerner Hannah , Singh Shelly , Tibi Muhammad , Lin Zhige , Skarbianskis Niv , Admati Inbal , Ophir Osnat , Reinhardt Nuphar , Netser Shai , Wagner Shlomo , Zeisel Amit 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe amygdala is a brain region primarily associated with emotional response. The use of genetic markers and single-cell transcriptomics can provide insights into behavior-associated cell state changes. Here we present a detailed cell-type taxonomy of the adult mouse amygdala during fear learning and memory consolidation. We perform single-cell RNA sequencing on naïve and fear-conditioned mice, identify 130 neuronal cell types and validate their spatial distributions. A subset of all neuronal types is transcriptionally responsive to fear learning and memory retrieval. The activated engram cells upregulate activity-response genes and coordinate the expression of genes associated with neurite outgrowth, synaptic signaling, plasticity and development. We identify known and previously undescribed candidate genes responsive to fear learning. Our molecular atlas may be used to generate hypotheses to unveil the neuron types and neural circuits regulating the emotional component of learning and memory.
Hyperspectral images of grapevine leaves including healthy leaves and leaves with biotic and abiotic symptoms
Authors: Ryckewaert Maxime , Héran Daphné , Trani Jean-Philippe , Mas-Garcia Silvia , Feilhes Carole , Prezman Fanny , Serrano Eric , Bendoula Ryad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA hyperspectral imaging database was collected on two hundred and five grape plant leaves. Leaves were measured with a hyperspectral camera in the visible/near infrared spectral range under controlled conditions. This dataset contains hyperspectral acquisition of grape leaves of seven different varieties. For each variety, acquisitions were performed on healthy leaves and leaves with foliar symptoms caused by different grapevine diseases showing clear symptoms of biotic or abiotic stress on other organs. For each leaf, chemical measurements such as chlorophyll and flavonol contents were also performed.
(Mis)align: a simple dynamic framework for modeling interpersonal coordination
Authors: Miao Grace Qiyuan , Dale Rick , Galati Alexia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs people coordinate in daily interactions, they engage in different patterns of behavior to achieve successful outcomes. This includes both synchrony—the temporal coordination of the same behaviors at the same time—and complementarity—the coordination of the same or different behaviors that may occur at different relative times. Using computational methods, we develop a simple framework to describe the interpersonal dynamics of behavioral synchrony and complementarity over time, and explore their task-dependence. A key feature of this framework is the inclusion of a task context that mediates interactions, and consists of active, inactive, and inhibitory constraints on communication. Initial simulation results show that these task constraints can be a robust predictor of simulated agents’ behaviors over time. We also show that the framework can reproduce some general patterns observed in human interaction data. We describe preliminary theoretical implications from these results, and relate them to broader proposals of synergistic self-organization in communication.
All optical modulation in vertically coupled indium tin oxide ring resonator employing epsilon near zero state
Authors: Rajput Swati , Kaushik Vishal , Babu Prem , Pandey Suresh K. , Kumar Mukesh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe present an innovative approach to achieve all-optical modulation within an ITO-based vertically coupled ring resonator. This method leverages the material's enhanced nonlinear response in the near-infrared wavelengths, particularly within the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) state. To enhance the interaction between light and the material while minimizing scattering losses, our approach employs an ITO-based vertically connected ring resonator. The vertical arrangement eliminates the need for etching fine gaps to separate the ring and bus waveguide. The novel waveguide design addresses the necessity of high sensitivity, non-linear effects and compact size opening the possibilities for all-optical signal processing. This unique resonator structure effectively facilitates the coupling of a high-intensity pump wavelength into the ITO-based micro-ring resonator. Consequently, this optical pumping induces electron heating within the ITO material, leading to a significant increase in its nonlinear optical properties. This, in turn, results in a noteworthy alteration of ITO's refractive index, specifically in the unity order, thereby modifying the complex effective index of the optical beam propagating at 1550 nm. Our experimental findings demonstrate an impressive extinction ratio of 18 dB for a 30 µm long device, which highlights the efficiency of our approach in achieving all-optical modulation through the optical pumping of an ITO-based vertically coupled ring resonator. The proposed all-optical modulator has outperformed as compared to conventional waveguide-based modulators in terms of extinction ratio and footprint. This novel technique holds immense potential for advancing high-speed data communication systems in the future. As the demand for advanced processing capabilities, such as artificial intelligence, continues to grow, all-optical modulation emerges as a groundbreaking technology poised to revolutionize the next generation of computing and communication systems.
Environmental stiffness restores mechanical homeostasis in vimentin-depleted cells
Authors: Grolleman Janine , van Engeland Nicole C. A. , Raza Minahil , Azimi Sepinoud , Conte Vito , Sahlgren Cecilia M. , Bouten Carlijn V. C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecent experimental evidence indicates a role for the intermediate filament vimentin in regulating cellular mechanical homeostasis, but its precise contribution remains to be discovered. Mechanical homeostasis requires a balanced bi-directional interplay between the cell’s microenvironment and the cellular morphological and mechanical state—this balance being regulated via processes of mechanotransduction and mechanoresponse, commonly referred to as mechanoreciprocity. Here, we systematically analyze vimentin-expressing and vimentin-depleted cells in a swatch of in vitro cellular microenvironments varying in stiffness and/or ECM density. We find that vimentin-expressing cells maintain mechanical homeostasis by adapting cellular morphology and mechanics to micromechanical changes in the microenvironment. However, vimentin-depleted cells lose this mechanoresponse ability on short timescales, only to reacquire it on longer time scales. Indeed, we find that the morphology and mechanics of vimentin-depleted cell in stiffened microenvironmental conditions can get restored to the homeostatic levels of vimentin-expressing cells. Additionally, we observed vimentin-depleted cells increasing collagen matrix synthesis and its crosslinking, a phenomenon which is known to increase matrix stiffness, and which we now hypothesize to be a cellular compensation mechanism for the loss of vimentin. Taken together, our findings provide further insight in the regulating role of intermediate filament vimentin in mediating mechanoreciprocity and mechanical homeostasis.
Purine metabolism-related genes and immunization in thyroid eye disease were validated using bioinformatics and machine learning
Authors: Wu Zixuan , Gao Yuan , Cao Liyuan , Peng Qinghua , Yao Xiaolei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThyroid eye disease (TED), an autoimmune inflammatory disorder affecting the orbit, exhibits a range of clinical manifestations. While the disease presentation can vary, cases that adhere to a prototypical pattern typically commence with mild symptoms that subsequently escalate in severity before entering a phase of stabilization. Notably, the metabolic activity of cells implicated in the disease substantially deviates from that of healthy cells, with purine metabolism representing a critical facet of cellular material metabolism by supplying components essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. Nevertheless, the precise involvement of Purine Metabolism Genes (PMGs) in the defensive mechanism against TED remains largely unexplored. The present study employed a bioinformatics approach to identify and validate potential PMGs associated with TED. A curated set of 65 candidate PMGs was utilized to uncover novel PMGs through a combination of differential expression analysis and a PMG dataset. Furthermore, GSEA and GSVA were employed to explore the biological functions and pathways associated with the newly identified PMGs. Subsequently, the Lasso regression and SVM-RFE algorithms were applied to identify hub genes and assess the diagnostic efficacy of the top 10 PMGs in distinguishing TED. Additionally, the relationship between hub PMGs and clinical characteristics was investigated. Finally, the expression levels of the identified ten PMGs were validated using the GSE58331 and GSE105149 datasets. This study revealed ten PMGs related with TED. PRPS2, PFAS, ATIC, NT5C1A, POLR2E, POLR2F, POLR3B, PDE3A, ADSS, and NTPCR are among the PMGs. The biological function investigation revealed their participation in processes such as RNA splicing, purine-containing chemical metabolism, and purine nucleotide metabolism. Furthermore, the diagnostic performance of the 10 PMGs in differentiating TED was encouraging. This study was effective in identifying ten PMGs linked to TED. These findings provide light on potential new biomarkers for TED and open up possibilities for tracking disease development.
Abnormal centriolar biomarker ratios correlate with unexplained bull artificial insemination subfertility: a pilot study
Authors: Turner Katerina A. , Achinger Luke , Kong Dong , Kluczynski Derek F. , Fishman Emily Lillian , Phillips Audrey , Saltzman Barbara , Loncarek Jadranka , Harstine Bo R. , Avidor-Reiss Tomer 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying male infertility are poorly understood. Most mammalian spermatozoa have two centrioles: the typical barrel-shaped proximal centriole (PC) and the atypical fan-like distal centriole (DC) connected to the axoneme (Ax). These structures are essential for fertility. However, the relationship between centriole quality and subfertility (reduced fertility) is not well established. Here, we tested the hypothesis that assessing sperm centriole quality can identify cattle subfertility. By comparing sperm from 25 fertile and 6 subfertile bulls, all with normal semen analyses, we found that unexplained subfertility and lower sire conception rates (pregnancy rate from artificial insemination in cattle) correlate with abnormal centriolar biomarker distribution. Fluorescence-based Ratiometric Analysis of Sperm Centrioles (FRAC) found only four fertile bulls (4/25, 16%) had positive FRAC tests (having one or more mean FRAC ratios outside of the distribution range in a group’s high-quality sperm population), whereas all of the subfertile bulls (6/6, 100%) had positive FRAC tests (P = 0.00008). The most sensitive biomarker was acetylated tubulin, which had a novel labeling pattern between the DC and Ax. These data suggest that FRAC and acetylated tubulin labeling can identify bull subfertility that remains undetected by current methods and may provide insight into a novel mechanism of subfertility.
Design of high-sensitivity La-doped ZnO sensors for CO2 gas detection at room temperature
Authors: Abdelkarem Khaled , Saad Rana , El Sayed Adel M. , Fathy M. I. , Shaban Mohamed , Hamdy Hany 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFor the sake of people's health and the safety of the environment, more efforts should be directed towards the fabrication of gas sensors that can operate effectively at room temperature (RT). In this context, increased attention has been paid to developing gas sensors based on rare-earth (RE)-doped transparent conducting oxides (TCO). In this report, lanthanum-doped zinc oxide (La-doped ZnO) films were fabricated by sol–gel and spin-coating techniques. XRD analysis revealed the hexagonal structure of the ZnO films, with preferred growth along the (002) direction. The crystallite size was decreased from 33.21 to 26.41 nm with increasing La content to 4.0 at.%. The UV–vis–NIR indicating that the films are highly transparent (˃ 80%), La-doping increased the UV blocking ability of the films and narrowed the optical band gap (Eg) from 3.275 to 3.125 eV. Additionally, La-doping has influenced the refractive index of the samples. Gas sensing measurements were performed at ambient temperature (30 °C) and a relative humidity (RH) of 30%, employing different flow rates of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas used synthetically with air. Among the evaluated sensors, the ZnO: 4.0 at.% La sensor exhibited the most significant gas response, with a value of 114.22%. This response was observed when the sensor was subjected to a flow rate of 200 SCCM of CO2 gas. Additionally, the sensor revealed a response time of 24.4 s and a recovery time of 44 s. The exceptional performance exhibited by the sensor makes it very appropriate for a wide range of industrial applications. Additionally, we assessed the effect of humidity, selectivity, reusability, repeatability, detection limit, and limit of quantification.