bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Nasal Obstruction: Rhinomanometry as Basic Method in Functional Rhinology
Authors: Vogt Klaus , Parker-Davidson Karen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMeasuring nasal obstruction should be mandatory before every nasal surgery to determine the necessary surgical steps and to separate mucosal congestion from skeletal deformity. Rhinomanometry is considered the “golden standard” for measuring nasal airway resistance. An extension of the diagnostic power was achieved by the introduction of the four-phase rhinomanometry (4PR), which provides additional information about the influence of the elasticity of the nasal wall. Also, a high correlation to the subjective sensing of obstruction could be achieved by the introduction of logarithmic parameters. The parameters of 4PR could be classified by evaluating 36,500 measurements. The International Standardization Committee on the Objective Assessment of the Upper Airway (ISCOANA) determined it as the new standard. Adding a visual analog scale (VAS) to every measurement is a documentation of the feeling of obstruction at the moment of measurement. Practical hints for 4PR are given. The determination of obstruction for both nasal sides or the calculation of the total nasal resistance should be followed by a second analysis of the detailed obstruction anatomy. In the future, pressure losses or temperature gradients can be determined by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A reliable way to simulate the success of single surgical steps with a high didactical meaning is the three-dimensional (3D) print of sliced nose models and to measure the effect of stepwise mechanical corrections.
The Rhinoplasty Health Care Monitor: An Update on the Practical and Clinical Benefits after 10 Years of Prospective Outcome Measurements
Authors: van Dam Victor S. , van Zijl Floris V.W.J. , Kremer Bernd , Datema Frank R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe era of value-based health care is characterized by an increasing interest in patient-reported health outcomes. For this purpose we developed the rhinoplasty health care monitor (RHM), a streamlined outcome measurement protocol, including all rhinoplasty patients since 2014. Statistical analyses of patient-reported outcome data are automated and visually presented on a custom web-based dashboard. We describe the clinical and practical benefits of the RHM and discuss how routine prospective outcome measurements have upgraded our care standards. For this prospective study, 979 consecutive patients referred for functional (revision) rhinoplasty from April 2014 to August 2023 were included. Preoperative and 3- and 12-month postoperative scores on the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale (NOSE), Utrecht Questionnaire (UQ), and visual analog scales (VAS) were obtained. Of 979 referred patients, 599 (61.2%) were eligible for rhinoplasty. One year postoperatively, mean NOSE scale sum score improved from 69.1 ± 22.8 to 23.1 ± 23.5 (p < 0.001). Functional VAS scores improved from 4.1 ± 2.8 (left) and 4.1 ± 2.8 (right) to 7.5 ± 1.9 (left) and 7.3 ± 2.0 (right; p < 0.001). Mean UQ sum score improved from 12.0 ± 6.4 to 6.8 ± 3.3 and aesthetic VAS score improved from 4.5 ± 2.5 to 7.4 ± 1.7 (p < 0.001) 1 year postoperatively. Benefits of the outcome routine were improved patient selection, data-driven expectation management and patient empowerment, and targeted critical appraisals of surgical performance. In conclusion, routine, automated, prospective outcome monitoring provides physicians with a response to the increasing demand for data-driven insights in health outcomes. The limited effort that is needed to gather and monitor outcome data is heavily repaid by valuable insights into aspects of care that can be improved.
Unveiling the impact of exchange-correlation functionals on the description of key electronic properties of non-fullerene acceptors in organic photovoltaics
Authors: Franco Leandro R. , Marchiori Cleber , Araujo C. Moyses 
Published: November 2023

Non-fullerene electron acceptors have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional electron-acceptors in the active layers of organic photovoltaics. This is due to their tunable energy levels, optical response in the visible light spectrum, high electron mobility, and photochemical stability. In this study, the electronic properties of two representative non-fullerene acceptors, ITIC and Y5, have been calculated within the framework of density functional theory using a range of hybrid and non-hybrid density functionals. Screened range-separated hybrid (SRSH) approaches were also tested. The results are analyzed in light of the previously reported experimental outcomes. Specifically, we have calculated the oxidation and reduction potentials, fundamental and optical gaps, the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies, and exciton binding energies. Additionally, we have investigated the effects of the medium dielectric constant on these properties employing a universal implicit solvent model. It was found that hybrid functionals generally perform poorly in predicting oxidation potentials, while non-hybrid functionals tend to overestimate reduction potentials. The inclusion of a large Hartree–Fock contribution to the global or long range was identified as the source of inaccuracy for many hybrid functionals in predicting both redox potentials and the fundamental and optical gaps. Corroborating with the available literature, ∼50% of all tested functionals predicted very small exciton binding energies, within the range of ±0.1 eV, that become even smaller by increasing the dielectric constant of the material. Finally, the OHSE2PBE and tHCTHhyb functionals and the optimal tuning SRSH approach emerged as the best-performing methods, with good accuracy in the description of the electronic properties of interest.
Incorporating Shelter Dogs in On-Campus Animal-Assisted Interventions
Authors: Stellato Anastasia , Webberson Emily 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To support the well-being of students, animal-assisted interventions (AAI) have been introduced on school campuses across North America; however, it has yet to be explored how incorporating non-therapy animals, such as shelter dogs, in these settings can be used to support their welfare alongside students. As shelter dogs have been shown to benefit from brief human interaction, we assessed the use of an on-campus AAI using a novel, shelter dog socialization intervention. Unstructured, 30-min interactions occurred between students and shelter dogs to explore how the shelter dog’s behavior changed across the interaction. The long-term goal is for these interactions between shelter dogs and students to become an established university and community outreach program that is routinely offered to concurrently support student well-being and shelter dog welfare and adoption success.

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Fluorinated bamboo-structure carbon nanotubes: as attractive substrates for the cathodes of lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Liu Wenhui , Shen Hangyu , Liu Meijia , Xue Xinmeng , Song Bingjia , Wang Shoujuan , Kong Fangong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have gained considerable attention for high theoretical specific capacity and energy density. However, their development is hampered by the poor electrical conductivity of sulfur and the shuttle of polysulfides. Herein, the acidified bamboo-structure carbon nanotubes (BCNTs) were mixed with polyvinylidene difluoride and pyrolyzed at high-temperature to obtain the fluorinated bamboo-structure carbon nanotubes (FBCNTs), which were compounded with sulfur as the cathode. The prepared S@FBCNTs with sulfur loading reaching 74.2 wt.% shows a high initial specific capacity of 1407.5 mAh·g−1 at the discharge rate of 0.1 C. When the discharge rate was increased to 5 C, the capacity could be maintained at 622.3 mAh·g−1. The electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes is effectively improved by semi-ionic C–F bonds formed by the doped F atoms and carbon atoms. Simultaneously, the surface of the F-containing carbon tubes exhibits strong polarity and strong chemisorption effect on polysulfides, which inhibits the shuttle effect of Li–S batteries.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using Allium sativum extract and evaluation of their electrical activities in bio-electrochemical cell
Authors: Ohiduzzaman Md , Khan M N I , Khan K A , Paul Bithi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An electrical application of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) by developing a unique bio-electrochemical cell (BEC) has been addressed in the report. Here, garlic extract (GE) has been used as a reducing agent to synthesize Ag NPs, and as a bio-electrolyte solution of BEC. Ag NPs successfully formed into face-centered cubic structures with average crystallite and particle sizes of 8.49 nm and 20.85 nm, respectively, according to characterization techniques such as the UV–vis spectrophotometer, XRD, FTIR, and FESEM. A broad absorption peak at 410 nm in the UV–visible spectra indicated that GE played a vital role as a reducing agent in the transformation of Ag+ ions to Ag NPs. After that four types of BEC were developed by varying the concentration of GE, CuSO4. 5H2O, and Ag NPs electrolyte solution. The open circuit voltage and short circuit current of all cells were examined with the time duration. Moreover, different external loads (1 Ω, 2 Ω, 5 Ω, and 6 Ω) were used to investigate the load voltage and load current of BEC. The results demonstrated that the use of Ag NPs on BEC played a significant role in increasing the electrical performance of BEC. The use of GE-mediated Ag NPs integrated the power, capacity, voltage efficiency, and energy efficiency of BEC by decreasing the internal resistance and voltage regulation. These noteworthy results can take a frontier forward to the development of nanotechnology for renewable and low-cost power production applications.
Non-spontaneous symmetry breaking, chaos, and universality in 2D superconducting phase transition
Authors: Salah Khenchoul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This research paper explores the intriguing phenomenon of the superconductor-metal–insulator phase transition in thin films, examining it from a theoretical standpoint. Our study revolves around the proposition that the process of U(1) symmetry breaking in the Landau–Ginzburg theory might not be entirely spontaneous. Building on this insight, we derive critical parameters characterizing the superconducting phase transition. Our findings demonstrate that the application of an electric field can effectively control the phase transition, leading to the suppression of the supercurrent at specific electric potential values, which is consistent with recent research. Furthermore, we have developed a robust relationship for the nonlinear resistivity that accurately simulates experimental measurements below the critical temperature. This derived relation adopts the form of logistic functions, providing a systematic framework to describe the system within the realm of chaos theory. Moreover, we establish a link with the Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless theory, highlighting the universality of the topological transition. However, this universality breaks down under the influence of multiple control parameters. To delve further into the underlying reasons for the collapse of universality, we turn to the study of Markus–Lyapunov fractals, which offers a deep understanding into the system’s behavior in the presence of varying external influences..
Flux jump and mechanical response in inhomogeneous high-temperature superconductor under the pulsed-field magnetization
Authors: Wang Lan , Wu Haowei , Yong Huadong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The high-temperature bulk superconductors with high critical current density are brittle, and can be damaged by large Lorentz forces and thermal stress during magnetization. Several studies have reported the failure of bulk superconductors during flux jumps. In this study, we analyzed the magnetization characteristics and mechanical response of the HTS bulk with inhomogeneous current density along the c-axis. The numerical simulation was consistent with the experimental results presented in the reference. Moreover, a flux jump occurred near the area of the pre-arrangement flux during the second pulsed field magnetization. The maximum temperature is lower than the critical temperature during the flux jump. In the mechanical analysis, the flux jump led to an abrupt change in the maximum stress of the bulk, and the maximum radial stress was significantly higher than the maximum hoop stress during the flux jump. The maximum radial stress increased with decreasing ambient temperature during the flux jump, and the maximum stress area was always near the seeded plane. Subsequently, the magnetization characteristics and mechanical response were studied for different locations of the seeded surface, two concentric superconducting bulks, and non-uniform fields.
Electro-mechanical coupling model and interlaminar stress analysis of laminated plates containing GSR actuator
Authors: Ma Rui , Zhang Yinxiao , Zhang Chao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Due to its remarkable physical features, graphene nanosheets (GPN) are one of the most appealing reinforcing materials for composites. For polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), GPN reinforced composites can dramatically increase its piezoelectric and mechanical characteristics. If the interlaminar shear deformation of laminated plates containing uniform graphene sheets reinforced (GSR) smart piezoelectric layer, which material properties vary widely from layer to layer and subjected to electromechanical loading cannot be accurately predicted, the interlaminar stresses may be very high, eventually leading to interlaminar failure. In light of this, an effective mechanoelectrical coupling model for the accurate prediction of interlaminar stress for composite plates contains GSR actuators is developed in present study. Meanwhile, the finite element formulation (FEF) can be substantially simplified due to the expression of transverse shear stress components becoming more succinct. Therefore, by using the suggested electro-mechanical coupling theory, a three-node FEF is easily constructed. The refinement of transverse shear stress prediction in the context of electromechanical coupling can be accomplished through the application of the Reissner mixed variation theory (RMVT). The performance of the recommended plate model will be evaluated using the results derived from three-dimensional (3D) elastic theory and the selected model. By employing the RMVT method, we improve predictions of transverse shear stresses while considering the electromechanical coupling effect. The results from our model are compared with alternative models and 3D elasticity theory, demonstrating its superiority in satisfying the continuity requirements of transverse shear stresses and exhibiting excellent agreement with exact solutions. This validates the accuracy and applicability of our proposed model. Further to that, the prediction of mechanical characteristics for laminated plates with GSR actuators were systematically studied from the thoroughly perspectives of electromechanical load, piezoelectric layer thickness, graphene volume fraction, and some other parameters.
Design and optimization of the performance of PbS quantum dot based vertical photodetector
Authors: Zhu Zhipeng , Liu Huan , Du Yuxuan , Wen Shuai , Zhao Jijie , Wang Shengyong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Quantum dots (QDS) are widely used as photoactive materials for various optoelectronic applications, such as light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, lasers, and solar cells, because of their unique and outstanding physical properties for fabricating devices via solution-processing techniques and for varying the sizes of QD to modulate the band gap. In this study, we constructed a numerical model of a vertical photodetector using lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dot layer undergoing ligand exchange treatment with tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) as the light absorption layer to obtain an optimized high-performance photodetector using 1D-Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS) software. For the hole transport layer (HTL) and electron transport layer (ETL), a PbS quantum dot layer that employs an ethanedithiol (EDT) ligand exchange scheme and a zinc oxide (ZnO) layer were utilized, respectively, with gold (Au) and indium tin oxide (ITO) as the bottom and upper electrodes, respectively. After optimizing the thickness and doping concentration of the absorption layer, we obtained a maximum responsivity of 0.4675 A W−1 and detectivity of 2.44 *

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Jones at a reverse bias of 0.5 volts after optimizing of thickness and doping concentration of absorption layer showing an improvement of 19% and 87.7% respectively compared to the initial structure whose parameters originated from studies of PbS quantum dot solar cells with the same structure and materials, although optimization of other transport layers do not provide as great performance enhancement as absorption layer. This study demonstrates that the structural parameters of solar cells are not always applicable to photodetectors, and that photodetectors have great potential for numerical optimization.
Ethical Compliance: All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Reduction of graphene oxide (GO) to reduced graphene oxide (rGO) at different hydrothermal temperatures and enhanced photodegradation of zinc oxide/rGO composites
Authors: Van Tuan Pham , Thi Ha Trinh , Hung Nguyen Duy , Tan Vu Thi , Thi Quynh Hoa Tran , Thi Ha Dinh , Ha Le Tien , Khiem Tran Ngoc 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Scholars are shifting their attention to the development of environmentally friendly materials with a high degradability of environmental pollutants. Among various photocatalytic materials, zinc oxide (ZnO)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanomaterials can meet these requirements. In this study, ZnO/rGO nanomaterials with different hydrothermal temperatures were fabricated through a hydrothermal method. We determined the hydrothermal temperature variations to create different structures and identify the morphologies and sizes of the ZnO/rGO material. The average crystal size of ZnO/rGO nanomaterials decreased from 32.25 nm to 30.30 nm when the hydrothermal temperature was increased from 100 °C to 180 °C. The detailed x-ray diffraction (XRD) study showed that the diffraction peak position of ZnO decreased, the lattice constant increased, and the unit cell volume increased with the increase in hydrothermal temperature. rGO-related diffraction peaks were also observed in the XRD patterns of ZnO/rGO samples, which indicates the formation of a ZnO/rGO crystalline structure. Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed the chemical bonding of ZnO and rGO materials. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of ZnO/rGO nanocomposites presented two characteristic emission peaks at 383 and 558 nm. The Raman scattering spectra of ZnO/rGO nanomaterials exhibited ZnO-related peaks at 329, 436, and 1123 cm−1 and rGO-related peaks at 1352, 1579, 2706, and 2936 cm−1. The ultraviolet-visible (Vis) absorption spectra of ZnO/rGO nanomaterials manifested the characteristic absorption peaks of ZnO and rGO at 381 and 291 nm, respectively. The photocatalytic properties of ZnO/rGO nanomaterials were studied through the decomposition of methylene blue (MB) under Vis light. The effect of hydrothermal temperature on the properties of ZnO/rGO materials and the photodecomposition mechanism of MB were investigated in detail.
Harmonizing terahertz waves: unleashing the versatility of a multi-mode metamaterial absorber
Authors: Wang Li , Qi Yunping , Wen Yujiao , Zhou Zihao , Wang Xiangxian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An absorber composed of stacked graphene rings, vanadium dioxide (VO2) patches and metal reflectors separated by dielectric layers is proposed and numerically simulated using the finite element method (FEM). This absorber exhibits a multitude of absorption modes, including ultra-wideband, double-narrow band, and switchable multi-band perfect absorption. The physical mechanism behind perfect absorption is thoroughly investigated through the utilization of impedance matching theory, multiple interference theory (MIT), and coupled mode theory (CMT). Detailed analysis of the electric field further reveals the underlying physical phenomena. Notably, the absorber showcases the ability to dynamically adjust absorption performance by modifying the conductivity of (VO2) and the Fermi level of graphene, while maintaining consistently high absorption levels. The proposed multi-mode absorber maintains good performance within wide incidence angle. Based on the above advantages, this absorber holds promising potential for advancements in energy harvesting and sensor technologies.
Generalizing Maxwell’s equations to complex-valued electromagnetic fields
Authors: Reggia James A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is a well-known asymmetry in classical electromagnetism, apparent in Maxwell’s equations, that arises from the existence of electric but not magnetic charge. This has motivated numerous experimental searches for magnetic monopoles which have, to date, not been found. To address this asymmetry, the research reported here generalizes these equations to accommodate complex-valued electromagnetic fields, thereby making Maxwell’s equations more symmetric. The resulting generalized equations remain consistent with the experimental predictions of the original Maxwell equations, and they are shown to continue to exhibit conservation of charge. The increased symmetry of the complex-valued equations is demonstrated via a duality transformation that is derived and verified here. Importantly, the generalized theory implies that a novel type of magnetic monopoles exists while simultaneously explaining why their detection has eluded previous experimental searches. Further study of the possibility that electromagnetic fields include imaginary-valued components is clearly merited because of the implications it could have for the foundations of classical electrodynamics.
Determination of the value for the bending angle of the light deflection and the impact parameter in Einstein’s theory
Authors: Salas S Alvaro H , Pinzón Q Jorge E , Castillo H Jairo E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The gravitational deflection of the ray of light is one of the famous demonstrations that space-time is curved in the General Theory of Relativity predicted by A Einstein, and later demonstrated by different astronomical experimental observations in solar eclipses. In this work, the deflection of light and the impact parameter in the gravitational field of the Sun are calculated through the solutions to the geodesic equations by the methods of the elliptic functions of Jacobi and Weierstrass, around a central gravitational mass, using the solution found by Schwarzschild to the equations of the gravitational field in the General Theory of Relativity. The results obtained were subjected to a comparative study of the deflection of the light ray experimentally. From this analysis, it is demonstrated that the theoretical results obtained by the Weierstrass and Jacobi methods are in the range of the experimental results calculated during the eclipses of the years 1919 to 1973, demonstrating once again the validity of the General Theory of Relativity that all gravitational mass curves space-time.