bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of surgical timing in nonmetastatic melanoma
Authors: Kakish Hanna , Drigotas Claire , Ahmed Fasih Ali , Elshami Mohamedraed , Bordeaux Jeremy S. , Rothermel Luke D. , Hoehn Richard S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThere is no consensus guidelines on the best timing to perform Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in high‐risk melanoma patients. We aimed to understand the impact of surgical timing on nodal upstaging in patients with cutaneous melanoma.MethodsWe queried the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2018 for patients with T2–T4, N0, M0 melanomas, who underwent melanoma excision and nodal surgery. We included patients who underwent surgery within 2–19 weeks postdiagnosis. We aimed to determine the association of surgical delay (weeks) with nodal positivity.ResultsA total of 53 355 patients were included, of whom 20.9% had positive lymph nodes. Patients underwent surgery at a median of 5 (4–7) weeks after diagnosis. The rate of positive nodes increased with increased weeks to surgery (line of best‐fit slope = 0.38). Multivariable regression analysis identified an association between time to surgery and nodal positivity (2.4% increased risk per week, p < 0.05). Our analysis showed significantly increased likelihood of nodal positivity beginning 9 weeks after diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.3, p < 0.05). Furthermore, patients with T2–3 tumors had a significant increase in nodal positivity with increased time to surgery (OR = 1.03 per week, p < 0.001). However, no significant trend in nodal positivity was identified for patients with T4 melanomas (OR = 1.01 per week, p = 0.596).ConclusionSurgery within 9 weeks of melanoma diagnosis was not associated with increased likelihood of nodal positivity. These data can guide clinical conversations regarding the importance of surgical timing for melanoma.
Contributing factors to secondary traumatic stress and vicarious posttraumatic growth in therapists
Authors: Cleary Eimear , Curran David , Dyer Kevin , Simms Jane , Hanna Donncha 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlongside the recognized potential negative repercussions of working as a psychological therapist, there is growing interest in the potential positive impacts of engaging in such work. The current study used a cross‐sectional online survey design to explore the impact of a range of demographic, work‐related, and compassion‐related factors on levels of secondary traumatic stress (STS) and vicarious posttraumatic growth (VPTG) in an international sample of 359 psychological therapists. Hierarchical multiple regressions demonstrated that burnout, lower levels of self‐compassion, having a personal trauma history, reporting a higher percentage of working time with a trauma focus, and being female were the statistically significant contributors to STS scores, explaining 40.8% of the variance, F(9, 304) = 23.2, p <.001. For VPTG, higher compassion satisfaction, higher self‐compassion, higher STS, a higher percentage of working time with a trauma focus, fewer years qualified, being male, and having a personal trauma history were all statistically significant contributors, explaining 27.3% of the variance, F (10, 304) = 11.37, p <.001. The findings illustrate the potential risk and protective factors for developing STS and clarify factors that may increase the likelihood of experiencing VPTG. Implications for psychological therapists and the organizations and institutions for which they work are considered along with potential directions for future research in the discussion.
Nanoparticle Concentration in Surgical Plume During Tonsillectomy: A Comparison of Four Techniques
Authors: Law Richard H. , Cena Lorenzo , Sporn Alec , Buzi Adva , Rizzi Mark D. , Ruiz Ryan L. , Fedrigo Sabrina , Giordano Terri , Fahmy Alexander N. , Dedhia Kavita 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveSurgical plume has known potential occupational health hazards. This study compares nanoparticle concentrations in surgical plumes generated between different pediatric tonsillectomy surgical techniques and assesses the efficacy of mitigation measures.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study performed at a tertiary care academic center. Extracapsular or intracapsular tonsillectomy was performed in 60 patients using four techniques and in 10 additional patients using mitigation measures. Two nanoparticle counters were used to measure particulate concentrations: CPC™ and DiSCmini™. Tonsillectomy techniques included: (1) microdebrider (MD), (2) Bovie with manual suctioning by an assistant (B), (3) Bovie with built‐in smoke evacuation system (BS), and (4) Coblator™ (CB). An additional Yankauer suction was used in the mitigation groups (BSY) and (CBY). Comparative analysis was performed using one‐way ANOVA on ranks and pairwise comparisons between the groups.ResultsThe mean concentrations (particles/cm3) and coefficient of variants for the DiSCmini particulate counter were MD: 5140 (1.6), B: 30700 (1.5), BS: 25001 (0.8), CB: 54814 (1.7), CBY: 2395 (1.3) and BSY: 11552 (1.0). Mean concentrations for the CPC particulate counter were MD: 1223 (1.4), B: 3405 (0.7), BS: 5002 (0.9), CB: 13273 (1.0), CBY: 1048 (1.2) and BSY: 3046 (0.6). The lowest mean concentrations were noted in cases using MD and the highest in cases using CB. However, after mitigation, CBY had the lowest overall levels.ConclusionTonsillectomy technique does impact the levels of nanoparticles emitted within the surgical plume, which may present an occupational hazard for operating room personnel.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:2444–2448, 2024
A Mobile Application for Child‐Focused Tonsillectomy Education: Development and User‐Testing
Authors: Cordray Holly , Wright Emily A. , Patel Chhaya , Raol Nikhila , Prickett Kara K. 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivePatient education is central to Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocols, but child‐focused materials are lacking. We developed and piloted a mobile application to support accessible, interactive patient and caregiver education about pediatric tonsillectomy.MethodsThirty children ages 5–12 who were preparing for tonsillectomy, their caregivers, and six attending otolaryngologists participated in a user‐testing trial of a web‐based prototype. The trial measured feasibility, fidelity, and patient‐centered outcomes. Patients and caregivers rated usability/likeability on the mHealth App Usability Questionnaire. Otolaryngologists rated quality on the Mobile App Rating Scale. The full mobile application, “Ready for Tonsillectomy,” was then developed for iOS and Android.ResultsEnrollment was 88.2%, retention was 90.0%, and use was 96.3%. Mean (SD) patient ratings for usability/likeability were 6.3 (1.1) out of 7; caregiver ratings were 6.5 (1.1). In common themes from open‐ended feedback, patients described the application as helpful and appealing, and caregivers described it as informative, easy to understand, calming, and easy to use. Among caregivers who used the application during recovery, 92.3% reported that it helped them manage their child's pain. Providers would recommend the application to many or all of their patients (mean [SD]: 4.7 [0.5] out of 5). Mean provider ratings for domains of engagement, functionality, aesthetics, information quality, subjective quality, and app‐specific value ranged from 4.1 to 4.8 out of 5.ConclusionFeasibility and fidelity were high. Families and otolaryngologists endorsed the resource as an engaging, informative tool that supports positive coping. Our mobile application offers a patient‐centered solution readily scalable to other surgeries.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:2455–2463, 2024
Prolonged operative time predicts postoperative deep venous thrombosis in head and neck cancer patients who undergo free flap reconstruction
Authors: Lee Kevin C. , Waring Nicholas A. , Yu Victoria X. , Okolo Ogoegbunam , Caruana Salvatore M. , Troob Scott H. , Parikh Anuraag S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study sought to quantify the deep venous thrombosis (DVT) incidence in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing free tissue transfer and to identify independent predictors of postoperative DVT.Materials and MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2010 through 2020. The sample included all HNC surgical patients treated with free flap reconstruction. The study outcome was the presence of a DVT requiring treatment within 30 days of surgery. Univariate analyses were performed using chi‐squared and independent t‐tests. A multiple logistic regression model was created using all significant univariate predictors.ResultsA total of 3954 patients were identified, of whom 53 (1.3%) experienced a postoperative DVT. The only medical comorbidity associated with DVT was COPD (RR = 2.7 [1.3, 5.4]; p < .01). Operative time longer than 9 hours (RR = 1.9 [1.0, 3.2]; p = .04) and length of stay longer than 10 days (RR = 1.9 [1.1, 3.2]; p = .02) were associated with greater DVT rates. In the multivariate analysis, only COPD (p < .01) and operative time (p = .02) were independently associated with DVT risk. The presence of a DVT was found to increase the relative risk of readmission (RR = 2.1 [1.2, 3.6]; p < .01) and non‐home disposition (RR = 2.4 [1.7, 3.5]; p < .01).ConclusionsThe incidence of DVT in HNC free flap patients was comparable to what has been reported in the general population of HNC surgery patients. Operative time >9 h and COPD history were independent risk factors for DVT in this subset of patients. Symptomatic DVTs necessitating treatment were accompanied by poorer post‐hospitalization outcomes.Level of EvidenceLevel 3.
Bacterial glycerol tetraethers as a potential tool to trace marine methane cycling
Authors: Zhang Zhe‐Xuan , Li Jiwei , Lu Hongxuan , Yang Huan , Zhang Yige , Tang Yongjie , Fu Meiyan , Peng Xiaotong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBranched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are bacterial lipids that can be preserved in sedimentary archives for tens of millions of years and are ubiquitous in diverse environments, including cold seep systems. Their potential implications for detecting methane activity in deep time are, however, hampered by the multiple sources of brGDGTs in cold seeps and the lack of evidence of their stable carbon isotopes. Here, we show that brGDGTs in cold seeps are characterized by depleted stable carbon isotopic compositions of the alkyl moieties (δ13C = −32.9‰ to −82.7‰), indicating a methane metabolizing community origin, which is supported by the association between 16S rRNA genes and brGDGTs. We further identify unique seep‐derived brGDGT signals from the global published dataset by a tree‐based machine‐learning algorithm. This trained model, named light gradient‐boosting machine classification for paleoSEEP (GBM_SEEP), is further applied on a paleorecord across the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which suggests potential methane emission events during the PETM recovery phase. Collectively, our study links brGDGT production in cold seeps with methane metabolizing communities and provides a potential strategy to capture significant methane emission events using the machine‐learning model, which warrants further investigation.
Photonic Meta‐Neurons
Authors: Liu Xiaoyuan , Chen Mu Ku , Tsai Din Ping 
Published: November 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has witnessed a growing integration into numerous domains of production and daily life. Such powerful AI has emerged from electronic simulations of human neurons. In the post‐Moore era, Von‐Neumann architecture and high energy consumption have posed challenges for the advancement of electronic AI. In light of these limitations, a new concept of photonic meta‐neurons is proposed, which holds the potential to address these issues by optically emulating biological neurons through the utilization of metasurfaces. Meta‐neurons could enable flexible modulation of photonic signals through hierarchical and high‐dimensional manipulation of light fields. The flat and thin design of the meta‐neuron reduces the spatial constraints. In comparison to electronic AI, meta‐neurons offer a range of desirable attributes, including the potential for achieving light‐speed processing, parallel computing, clean energy utilization, high energy efficiency, and an in‐memory computing architecture. The meta‐neuron concept can serve as a promising starting point for photonic AI. With its advantages of high‐speed computing and environmental friendliness, meta‐neurons will have broad applications in various fields, particularly for latency‐critical tasks.
A Short Review on Organohydrogels: Constructions and Applications
Authors: Le Xiaoxia , Shang Hui , Chen Tao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOrganohydrogels composed of immiscible hydrophilic and hydrophobic components have outstanding advantages in environmental adaptability, thus exhibiting potential applications in the fields of soft actuators, artificial sensors, energy storage devices, and so on. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in organohydrogels, from construction to performance and application. After a brief introduction, typical cases of organohydrogels and their construction methods are analyzed and summarized, including organohydrogels with heterogeneous networks, organohydrogels with binary solvent, emulsion‐based organohydrogels, and macroscopic hybrid gels. Then, their promising applications of soft actuators, flexible electronics, and anti‐counterfeiting platforms are outlined. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of this emerging area are discussed. This review can be a significant reference for the development of environmentally adaptable materials and the expansion of new applications.
On bQ1$bQ_1$‐degrees of c.e. sets
Authors: Omanadze Roland , Chitaia Irakli 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUsing properties of simple sets we study ‐degrees of c.e. sets. In particular, we prove: (1) If and are c.e. sets, is a simple set and , then there exists a simple set such that and . (2) the c.e. ‐degrees (‐degrees) do not form an upper semilattice. (3) The c.e. ‐degrees are not dense, but are upwards dense. (4) The ‐degrees are not dense.
The period isomorphism in the tame geometry
Authors: Huber Annette 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe describe singular homology of a manifold via simplices that satisfy Stokes' formula with respect to all differential forms. The notion is geared to the case of the tame geometry (definable manifolds with respect to an o‐minimal structure), where it gives a description of the period pairing with de Rham cohomology via definable simplices.
LINC00355 promotes gastric carcinogenesis by scaffolding p300 to activate CDC42 transcription and enhancing HNRNPA2B1 to stabilize CDC42 mRNA dependent on m6A
Authors: Chen Hui , Xiao Lanshu , Xie Guohua , Zhang Peng , Dong Ping , Bian Bingxian , Wang Jie , Zhou Yunlan , Ma Yanhui , Liu Yi , Shen Lisong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLINC00355 is involved in the tumorigenesis of several types of cancer. We verified that LINC00355 is upregulated in gastric cancer (GC) and contributes to GC cells' proliferation and metastasis. RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) and rescue assays suggested that LINC00355 controls gastric carcinogenesis by regulating the expression of cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) guanosine triphosphatase (GTPases), thereby activating their downstream pathways. Most previous studies have shown that LINC00355 acts as a ceRNA by sponging miRNAs to modulate downstream gene expression. Our group focus on epigenetic regulatory potential of LINC00355 in gene expression. Mechanistically, LINC00355 binds to p300 histone acetyltransferase, specifying the histone modification pattern on the CDC42 promoter to activate CDC42 transcription, thereby altering GC cell biology. In addition, HNRNPA2B1, which is upregulated by LINC00355, recognizes the N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) sites of CDC42 and enhances the stability of CDC42 mRNA transcripts. Therefore, LINC00355 is mechanistically, functionally, and clinically oncogenic in GC cells.
Leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) inhibition upregulates microtubule‐associated protein 1B to ameliorate lysosomal dysfunction and parkinsonism
Authors: Chen Kang , Tang Fei , Du Bin , Yue Zhe‐Zhou , Jiao Ling‐Ling , Ding Xu‐Long , Tuo Qing‐Zhang , Meng Jie , He Si‐Yu , Dai Lunzhi , Lei Peng , Wei Xia‐Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMutations in LRRK2 (encoding leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 protein, LRRK2) are the most common genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD), and increased LRRK2 kinase activity was observed in sporadic PD. Therefore, inhibition of LRRK2 has been tested as a disease‐modifying therapeutic strategy using the LRRK2 mutant mice and sporadic PD. Here, we report a newly designed molecule, FL090, as a LRRK2 kinase inhibitor, verified in cell culture and animal models of PD. Using the 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine mice and SNCA A53T transgenic mice, FL090 ameliorated motor dysfunctions, reduced LRRK2 kinase activity, and rescued loss in the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Notably, by RNA‐Seq analysis, we identified microtubule‐associated protein 1 (MAP1B) as a crucial mediator of FL090's neuroprotective effects and found that MAP1B and LRRK2 co‐localize. Overexpression of MAP1B rescued 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium induced cytotoxicity through rescuing the lysosomal function, and the protective effect of FL090 was lost in MAP1B knockout cells. Further studies may be focused on the in vivo mechanisms of MAP1B and microtubule function in PD. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of FL090 as a therapeutic agent for sporadic PD and familial PD without LRRK2 mutations.
Single‐cell transcriptomic atlas of distinct early immune responses induced by SARS‐CoV‐2 Proto or its variants in rhesus monkey
Authors: Yang Yun , Du Tingfu , Yu Wenhai , Zhou Yanan , Yang Chengyun , Kuang Dexuan , Wang Junbin , Tang Cong , Wang Haixuan , Zhao Yuan , Yang Hao , Huang Qing , Wu Daoju , Li Bai , Sun Qiangming , Liu Hongqi , Lu Shuaiyao , Peng Xiaozhong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractImmune responses induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection play a critical role in the pathogenesis and outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, the dynamic profile of immune responses postinfection by SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern (VOC) is not fully understood. In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells single‐cell sequencing was performed to determine dynamic profiles of immune response to Prototype, Alpha, Beta, and Delta in a rhesus monkey model. Overall, all strains induced dramatic changes in both cellular subpopulations and gene expression levels at 1 day postinfection (dpi), which associated function including adaptive immune response, innate immunity, and IFN response. COVID‐19‐related genes revealed different gene profiles at 1 dpi among the four SARS‐CoV‐2 strains, including genes reported in COVID‐19 patients with increased risk of autoimmune disease and rheumatic diseases. Delta‐infected animal showed inhibition of translation pathway. B cells, T cells, and monocytes showed much commonality rather than specificity among the four strains. Monocytes were the major responders to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and the response lasted longer in Alpha than the other strains. Thus, this study reveals the early immune responses induced by SARS‐CoV‐2 Proto or its variants in nonhuman primates, which is important information for controlling rapidly evolving viruses.
Optimal timing for nonsubsidized policy implementation in the electric vehicle industry
Authors: Wang Suyuan , Wang Gengxin , Song Huaming , Huang Hongfu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis research examines a scenario involving an electric vehicle (EV) manufacturer promoting innovation, a retailer focusing on advertising and service (A&S), and a government implementing nonsubsidized policies to enhance social welfare and spur EV adoption. The nonsubsidized policies under consideration are classified as ex‐ante (EA), ex‐ing (EI), or ex‐post (EP), depending on their chronological deployment. Our findings indicate that EI is consistently suboptimal due to the presence of the (anti‐)synergy effect. However, either the EA or EP policy proves optimal: EA is preferred when consumers value EV innovation and A&S whereas EP is desirable when associated costs are inefficient.
B‐cell lymphoma‐2 family proteins in the crosshairs: Small molecule inhibitors and activators for cancer therapy
Authors: Gong Qineng , Wang Haojie , Zhou Mi , Zhou Lu , Wang Renxiao , Li Yan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (BCL‐2) family of proteins plays a crucial role in the regulation of apoptosis, offering a dual mechanism for its control. Numerous studies have established a strong association between gene disorders of these proteins and the proliferation of diverse cancer cell types. Consequently, the identification and development of drugs targeting BCL‐2 family proteins have emerged as a prominent area in antitumor therapy. Over the last two decades, several small‐molecules have been designed to modulate the protein–protein interactions between anti‐ and proapoptotic BCL‐2 proteins, effectively suppressing tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. The primary focus of research has been on developing BCL‐2 homology 3 (BH3) mimetics to target antiapoptotic BCL‐2 proteins, thereby competitively releasing proapoptotic BCL‐2 proteins and restoring the blocked intrinsic apoptotic program. Additionally, for proapoptotic BCL‐2 proteins, exogenous small molecules have been explored to activate cell apoptosis by directly interacting with executioner proteins such as BCL‐2‐associated X protein (BAX) or BCL‐2 homologous antagonist/killer protein (BAK). In this comprehensive review, we summarize the inhibitors and activators (sensitizers) of BCL‐2 family proteins developed over the past decades, highlighting their discovery, optimization, preclinical and clinical status, and providing an overall landscape of drug development targeting these proteins for therapeutic purposes.
A discretization‐convergent level‐set‐discrete‐element‐method using a continuum‐based contact formulation
Authors: Feldfogel Shai , Karapiperis Konstantinos , Andrade Jose , Kammer David S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe level‐set‐discrete‐element‐method (LS‐DEM) was developed to overcome the shape limitation of traditional discrete element method. LS‐DEM's shape generality relies on a node‐based surface discretization of grain boundary, and it has been used to shed new light of a variety of granular mechanics applications with realistically shaped grains and structural assemblies made of unbonded building blocks. Due to the node‐based discretization of grain boundary, the original LS‐DEM is discretization‐sensitive and it suffers from divergence of the response with discretization refinement, particularly for highly compressible problems. Previous studies have identified and addressed this issue in different ways, each with its own advantages and shortcomings. Here, we propose a methodologically‐rigorous and computationally‐efficient adapted formulation which solves LS‐DEM's discretization‐sensitivity issue. It adopts the classical contact description of continuum mechanics, wherein the contact interactions are traction‐based. We demonstrate the convergence of the adapted LS‐DEM in several highly compressible cases studies, show that it is key to correctly capturing the mechanical response, and compare it to alternative formulations.