bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing motor evoked potential amplitude variability through normalization
Authors: Faro Viana Francisco , Cotovio Gonçalo , da Silva Daniel Rodrigues , Seybert Carolina , Pereira Patrícia , Silva Artur , Carvalho Filipe , Oliveira-Maia Albino J. 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is used for in vivo assessment of human motor cortical excitability, with application of TMS pulses over the motor cortex resulting in muscle responses that can be recorded with electromyography (EMG) as Motor Evoked Potentials (MEPs). These have been widely explored as potential biomarkers for neuropsychiatric disorders but methodological heterogeneity in acquisition, and inherent high variability, have led to constraints in reproducibility. Normalization, consisting in scaling the signal of interest to a known and repeatable measurement, reduces variability and is standard practice for between-subject comparisons of EMG. The effect of normalization on variability of MEP amplitude has not yet been explored and was assessed here using several methods.MethodsThree maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) and 40 MEPs were collected from the right hand in healthy volunteers, with a retest session conducted 4 to 8 weeks later. MEP amplitude was normalized using either external references (MVICs) or internal references (extreme MEPs). Iterative re-sampling of 30 normalized MEPs per subject was repeated 5,000 times to define, for each normalization method, distributions for between-subject coefficients of variation (CV) of the mean MEP amplitude. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to assess the impact of normalization on test–retest stability of MEP amplitude measurements.ResultsIn the absence of normalization, MEPs collected from the right hand of 47 healthy volunteers were within reported values regarding between-subject variability (95% confidence intervals for the CV: [1.0567,1.0577]) and showed good temporal stability (ICC = 0.77). Internal reference normalization substantially reduced between-subject variability, by values of up to 64%, while external reference normalization had no impact or increased between-subject variability. Normalization with the smallest references reduced test–retest stability, with use of the largest references resulting in slight reduction or improvement of ICCs. Internal reference normalization using the largest MEPs was found to be robust to several sensitivity analyses.ConclusionInternal, but not external, reference normalization reduces between-subject variability of MEP amplitude, and has a minimal impact on within-subject variability when conducted with the largest references. Additional research is necessary to further validate these normalization methods toward potential use of MEPs as biomarkers of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and its associated factors in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Andualem Fantahun , Melkam Mamaru , Takelle Girmaw Medfu , Nakie Girum , Tinsae Techilo , Fentahun Setegn , Rtbey Gidey , Seid Jemal , Gedef Getachew Muluye , Bitew Desalegn Anmut , Godana Tilahun Nega 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundClinical research and epidemiological studies have shown that many women experience physical and behavioral symptoms that begin during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and terminate around the onset of menses; this is called premenstrual syndrome. The reviews stated that the pooled prevalence of premenstrual syndrome was around 50 percent. However, there has been no review done on premenstrual syndrome in Africa. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the most recent data evidence on the pooled prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and its pooled effect of associated factors in Africa.MethodWe used an appropriate guideline for systematic reviews and meta-analyses reports, which is the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). This review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023414021). The publications were identified from PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Scopus databases, and other grey searches. The included papers were the original data that reported the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and associated factors published, in English, and papers available online from January 1, 2000, to May 30, 2023. The data was extracted in Microsoft Excel, and then it would be imported into STATA 11.0 for analysis.ResultsWe have included 16 studies conducted in African countries with 6530 study participants. In this meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of premenstrual syndrome among the reproductive-age participants in Africa was 46.98 (95% CI: 28.9–65.06%). Further, in subgroup analysis, the pooled prevalence of premenstrual syndrome was 57.32% in Nigeria, 43.8% in Ethiopia, and 38.6% among university students and 66.04% among secondary school students. Among associated factors, the early age of menarche was significantly related to premenstrual syndrome.ConclusionIn this review, the pooled prevalence of premenstrual syndrome in Africa was high. Among factors, the early age of menarche was a risk factor for premenstrual syndrome. This finding might help the stakeholders (mental health policy makers, administrators, and mental health professionals) to address prevention, early screening, and management of PMS among reproductive-age women, and to give attention to more vulnerable bodies.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023414021.
Workplace violence against Chinese licensed doctors: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Wenhao , Shi Jingyu , Xu Jingyi , Wang Yue , Wu Yanbin 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionChina has issued and implemented a series of policies aimed at preventing and controlling workplace violence (WPV) against licensed doctors. However, the prevalence of WPV has not been fundamentally curbed. The aim of this study was to present the prevalence of WPV, identify its influencing factors and propose responsive measures.MethodThe online Chinese Physician Practice Survey was conducted with purposive sampling method among licensed doctors in China from January 2022 to June 2022. Data covered licensed doctors’ sociodemographic characteristics, occupational characteristics, prevalence of WPV, and perception of effective countermeasures.ResultsA total of 74,305 licensed doctors participated in this study. A total of 44.88% of respondents had experienced WPV, among them, either physical violence only (1.06%) or non-physical violence only (89.91%) or encountered both of them (9.03%). Age, gender, marital status, education level, professional title and registration type were all associated with WPV, being younger, non-married, more educated, and higher professional title are all risk factors for WPV. Male (OR = 1.396, 95CI%: 1.355 to 1.439), clinicians (OR = 1.342,95%CI: 1.177 to 1.529), who were single (OR = 1.174, 95%CI: 1.111 to 1.241), with master’s degree (OR = 2.021, 95%CI: 1.739 to 2.349) and professional title were subsenior (OR = 1.194, 95%CI: 1.125 to 1.267) were most likely to occur WPV. WPV occurred mostly in provincial capitals, public hospitals, primary and community hospitals, and departments of internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, emergency medicine and mental health. Overall, 44.24% of doctors perceived that strengthening crackdowns on criminal behaviors was the most effective measure to prevent WPV against healthcare staff.ConclusionThe frequency of WPV decreased after the implementation of relevant laws and policies. Future efforts should be made to strengthen crackdowns on illegal and criminal activities and to issue specific legal provisions on the prevention and control of WPV against doctors.
In-vitro gadolinium retro-microdialysis in agarose gel—a human brain phantom study
Authors: Zimphango Chisomo , Mada Marius O. , Sawiak Stephen J. , Giorgi-Coll Susan , Carpenter T. Adrian , Hutchinson Peter J. , Carpenter Keri L. H. , Stovell Matthew G. 
Published: January 2024

Rationale and objectivesCerebral microdialysis is a technique that enables monitoring of the neurochemistry of patients with significant acquired brain injury, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Cerebral microdialysis can also be used to characterise the neuro-pharmacokinetics of small-molecule study substrates using retrodialysis/retromicrodialysis. However, challenges remain: (i) lack of a simple, stable, and inexpensive brain tissue model for the study of drug neuropharmacology; and (ii) it is unclear how far small study-molecules administered via retrodialysis diffuse within the human brain.Materials and methodsHere, we studied the radial diffusion distance of small-molecule gadolinium-DTPA from microdialysis catheters in a newly developed, simple, stable, inexpensive brain tissue model as a precursor for in-vivo studies. Brain tissue models consisting of 0.65% weight/volume agarose gel in two kinds of buffers were created. The distribution of a paramagnetic contrast agent gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) perfusion from microdialysis catheters using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was characterized as a surrogate for other small-molecule study substrates.ResultsWe found the mean radial diffusion distance of Gd-DTPA to be 18.5 mm after 24 h (p &lt; 0.0001).ConclusionOur brain tissue model provides avenues for further tests and research into infusion studies using cerebral microdialysis, and consequently effective focal drug delivery for patients with TBI and other brain disorders.
Interventions connecting young people living in Africa to healthcare; a systematic review using the RE-AIM framework
Authors: Gbaja-Biamila Titilola Abike , Obiezu-Umeh Chisom , Nwaozuru Ucheoma , Oladele David , Engelhart Alexis , Shato Thembekile , Mason Stacey , Carter Victoria , Iwelunmor-Ezepue Juliet 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionAfrica's young people are among the least focused groups in healthcare linkage. The disproportionally high burden of youth-related health problems is a burden, especially in developing regions like Africa, which have a high population of young people. More information is needed about factors that impact linkages in healthcare and the sustainability of health interventions among young people in Africa.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed from October 2020 to May 2022 in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Global Health, and the Web of Science. Studies included in the review were conducted among young people aged 10–24 living in Africa, written in English, and published between 2011 and 2021. Results were reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Data was analyzed using narrative synthesis, synthesizing the details of the RE-AIM reporting component. Interventions were systematically compared using the Cochrane Collaboration risk-of-bias tool to evaluate the rigor of each intervention.ResultsA total of 2,383 potentially relevant citations were obtained after an initial database search. Retained in the final group were seventeen articles from electronic data searches; among these articles, 16 interventions were identified. Out of the seventeen studies, nine (53%) were randomized controlled trials, three (18%) were quasi-experimental designs, and five (29%) were observational studies. At the same time, the included interventions were reported on 20 (76.92%) of the 26 components of the RE-AIM dimensions. In eastern Africa, twelve (80%) interventions were conducted, and all the interventions addressed linkage to care for young people in preventing and treating HIV. The least reported RE-AIM dimensions were implementing and maintaining interventions connecting young people to care.DiscussionTimely care remains critical to treating and preventing ailments. This review indicates that interventions created to link young people to care, especially HIV care, can help link them to health care and strengthen the programs. It is also clear that further research with more extended follow-up periods is needed to examine connections to care in all other aspects of health and to bridge the gap between research and practice in the care of young people in Africa.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO [CRD42022288227].
Systems mapping of multilevel factors contributing to dental caries in adolescents
Authors: Sadjadpour Fatima , Hosseinichimeh Niyousha , Pahel Bhavna T. , Metcalf Sara S. 
Published: January 2024

Dental caries is a prevalent chronic disease among adolescents. Caries activity increases significantly during adolescence due to an increase in susceptible tooth surfaces, immature permanent tooth enamel, independence in pursuing self-care, and a tendency toward poor diet and oral hygiene. Dental caries in permanent teeth is more prevalent among adolescents in low-income families and racial/ethnic minority groups, and these disparities in adolescent dental caries experience have persisted for decades. Several conceptual and data-driven models have proposed unidirectional mechanisms that contribute to the extant disparities in adolescent dental caries experience. Our objective, using a literature review, is to provide an overview of risk factors contributing to adolescent dental caries. Specifically, we map the interactive relationships of multilevel factors that influence dental caries among adolescents. Such interactive multilevel relationships more closely reflect the complex nature of dental caries experience among the adolescent population. The methods that we use are two-fold: (1) a literature review using PubMed and Cochrane databases to find contributing factors; and (2) the system dynamics approach for mapping feedback mechanisms underlying adolescent dental caries through causal loop diagramming. The results of this study, based on the review of 138 articles, identified individual, family and community-level factors and their interactions contributing to dental caries experience in adolescents. Our results also provide hypotheses about the mechanisms underlying persistence of dental caries among adolescents.ConclusionsOur findings may contribute to a deeper understanding of the multilevel and interconnected factors that shape the persistence of dental caries experience among adolescents.
Systemic Treatment of Pediatric Psoriasis
Authors: Музыченко А.П. 
Published: January 2024

Псориаз – хроническое иммуноопосредованное воспалительное заболевание с выраженными кожными проявлениями. Ограниченное количество лекарственных препаратов, одобренных для лечения детского псориаза, затрудняет лечение этой категории населения. Псориаз в детском возрасте часто несвоевременно диагностируется, и пациенты не получают своевременного лечения. При разработке стратегии лечения таких пациентов клиницисты должны взвесить относительные риски и потенциальную пользу от применяемого способа лечения.
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease with prominent cutaneous features, although the limited number of medications approved for pediatric psoriasis makes treating this population difficult. Pediatric psoriasis is underrecognized and often undertreated. Clinicians must balance relative risks and potential benefits when developing a treatment strategy for these patients.
Awareness of Students of Higher Educational Institutions about Psoriasis as a Component of Success in the Social Adaptation of Patients
Authors: Новоселецкая А.И. , Качук Д.Н. , Куратчик О.М. , Лакатун О.В. 
Published: January 2024

Проблема псориаза имеет не только медицинскую, но и социальную значимость. Псориаз значительно ухудшает качество жизни пациентов, а также влияет на их работоспособность и социальную активность. Снижение качества жизни наблюдается не только у пациентов, но и у членов их семей. Поэтому можно сделать вывод о том, что не только пациенты с псориазом нуждаются в организации так называемых «Школ для пациентов с псориазом», но и окружающие их люди.
The problem of psoriasis has not only medical, but also social significance. It significantly worsens the quality of life of patients, and also affects their performance and social activity. A decrease in quality of life is observed not only in patients, but also in their family members. Therefore, we can conclude that not only patients with psoriasis need to organize so-called "Schools for patients with psoriasis", but also the people around them.
Thermal stress comfort in a contemporary housing district in a moderate climate zone, Lublin as a case study
Authors: Kozak Małgorzata , Krupa Karol , Hołownia Damian 
Published: January 2024

Urban climate and its impact on the thermal comfort of residents are significant aspects in urban planning and the design of housing estates. The aim of this article is to investigate the temperature perception among residents in a contemporary residential area in Lublin during the hottest day, utilising an advanced computer simulation tool – the ENVI-met programme. A modern, densely built housing estate with no significant greenery was selected as a case study. General meteorological and spatial data were used for calibrating the housing estate model within the software. The housing estate model within the programme was calibrated using publicly available meteorological and spatial data, and computer simulations were conducted for Lublin's hottest day on 22 July 2022. Based on these simulations, the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) was calculated. The research results indicate that people experience moderate thermal stress in unshaded areas only at 4:00 pm, while in sunny locations, they experience strong to very strong heat stress throughout the day. This article underscores the importance of computer simulations in analysing the urban microclimate and provides insights into tools that can be used in urban planning and housing estate design processes, with the aim of creating more comfortable and environmentally friendly urban environments.
Efficacy of Intralesion Injection of Combined 5-Flourouracil and Triamcinolone versus Triamcinalone alone in Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Rizwan Samia , Ali Ahmed , Aslam Ayesha , Aman Sameena , Saleem Nousheen , Nasir Malaika , Ikram Anum , Hummayoun Shanzay , Butt Amnah Hassan 
Published: January 2024

Objective: The treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars is challenging and controversial. The therapeutic agents found in the literature include silicone sheets, compression garments, corticosteroid injections, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), bleomycin and interferon, topical imiquimod, cryotherapy, radiation, and laser or light-based therapies. Triamcinolone acetonide (TCA), a corticosteroid, considered first line treatment for the prevention and treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars. To compare the efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide alone and triamcinolone acetonide plus 5-florouracil for treating keloids and hypertrophic scars in burn patients.
Methodology: In this study, the patients were divided into two groups A and B on the basis of treatment regimen, i.e. Group A (TCA alone) and Group B (5FU+TCA). The efficacy of both treatments was compared for improvement in Vancouver scar scale (VSS) and pruritus scale.
Results: The mean VSS score pretreatment was calculated as 10.74±2.36 in Group A and 10.27±3.14 in Group B. Post-treatment, it was reduced to 5.58±1.04 in Group-A and 3.41±2.11 in Group-B. The comparison of efficacy shows an improvement of 65.80% in Group A and 75.07% in Group B; the p value was 0.047, showing a significant difference.
Conclusion: Combination therapy of intra-lesion injection of triamcinolone acetonide and 5-florouracil has significantly higher efficacy as compared to triamcinolone acetonide alone for the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars, but necessary precautions have to be taken.
Pengaruh Model Student Achievement Division Berbantuan Multiply Cards Terhadap Kemampuan Berhitung Siswa
Authors: Ufaiwiyah Futhoirotul , Suryawan Ari , Purwandari Septiyati , Kurniawati Oktavia 
Published: January 2024

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) berbantuan media pembelajaran Multiply Cards terhadap kemampuan berhitung siswa kelas III MI Muhammadiyah Al Muttaqien Kabupaten Sleman. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berhitung siswa dengan model STAD. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif desain pre-experimental design tipe one group pretest-posttest. Penelitian ini termasuk ke dalam penelitian populasi karena semua siswa kelas III menjadi subjek penelitian. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa 30 soal pilihan ganda yang dijadikan sebagai soal pretest dan posttest siswa. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji paired sample t-test. Keseluruhan data berdistribusi normal ditunjukkan dengan uji normalitas. Uji paired sample t-test menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan antara nilai pretest dimana nilai posttest lebih tinggi dari pada nilai posttest. Berdasarkan hasil analisis statistic inferensial dengan mengguankan uji-t dapat diketahui bahwa t-hitung sebesar 9,302 dengan (df) sebesar 17 pada taraf dignifikasi 0,05 diperoleh ttabel 2,110. Maka thitung &gt; ttabel = 9,302 &gt; 2,110 maka diperoleh 0,00 &lt; 0,05 dengan demikian diterima dan ditolak. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) berbantuan media pembelajaran Multiply Cards efektif diterapkan karena dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berhitung siswa kelas III MI Muhammadiyah Al Muttaqien Kabupaten Sleman.</p>
National Law and International Law in Indonesian (Between Monism or Dualism)
Authors: Jambak Fabian , Baharuddin Didin , Erna Sry Denasty Neng 
Published: January 2024

Abstrak: Rangkaian sejarah panjang perdebatan hubungan hukum nasional dengan hukum internasional menunjukan tidak mudahnya mentranformasikan hukum nasional yang mengakomodir keduanya. Monisme dan dualisme di Indonesia dipraktekan secara bergantian sesuai dengan kebutuhan dalam peradilan dalam memutuskan suatu perkara. Prakteknya disesuaikan dengan keyakinan dalam menilai suatu peristiwa hukum perlu ditranformasikan menjadi hukum nasional atau tidak, walaupun secara doktrin Indonesia menganut monisme sebagaimana diamatkan oleh Pasal 11 Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Kontradiksi dari keduanya menyebabkan Indonesia belum secara tegas dan konsisten dalam melaksanakan konstitusi. Metode deskritif historis dengan periodesasi: Orde Lama, Orde Baru dan Orde Reformasi digunakan untuk memberikan gambaran dan pemahaman bahwa dengan rangkaian sejarah dapat menunjukan secara jelas mengenai hubungan hukum nasional dengan hukum internasional di Indonesia. Ketegasan sikap pemerintah Indonessia menjadi titik tolok penting dalam menentukan pilihan demi terwujudnya kepastian hukum, perlindungan terhadap hak asasi manusi dan menguatkan lembaga peradilan dalam memutuskan suatu perkara terhadap sengketa yang melibatkan entitas internasional.

Abstract: The long history of the debate on the relationship between national law and international law shows that it is not easy to transform national law to accommodate both. Monism and dualism in Indonesia are practiced alternately according to the needs of the judiciary in deciding a case. The practice is adjusted to the belief in assessing a legal event needs to be transformed into national law or not, although doctrinally Indonesia adheres to monism as stated by Article 11 of the 1945 Constitution. The contradiction between the two causes Indonesia to not firmly and consistently implement the constitution. Historical descriptive method with periodization: Old Order, New Order and Reform Order is used to provide an overview and understanding that with a series of history can show clearly about the relationship between national law and international law in Indonesia. The firmness of the Indonesian government's stance is an important benchmark in making choices for the realization of legal certainty, protection of human rights and strengthening the judiciary in deciding a case against disputes involving international entities.