bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic population history relationships of the population of Bogotá, Colombia, by using the D1S80, VWA, and TH01 molecular markers
Authors: Duran Rocio , Ruiz‐García Manuel 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe genetic relationships of the population of Bogotá, Colombia, was comparatively studied with regard to other populations from America, Europe, and Asia, by using the D1S80, VWA, and TH01 molecular loci. From a population history point of view, the population of Bogotá seems to be more related to a European origin, with several differential contributions coming from Amerindians rather than from African and Asian populations, when the D1S80 and TH01 markers were employed. However, the contribution was greater from African populations for the VWA marker. Several explanations are offered to resolve the genetic affiliation of this population. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:374–383, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis in Sicily
Authors: Vona G. , Ghiani M.E. , Calò C.M. , Vacca L. , Memmì M. , Varesi L. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis study reports data on the sequences of the first hypervariable segment of a sample of the Sicilian population from Alia (Palermo, Italy). The results show the presence of 32 different haplotypes in the 49 individuals examined. The average number of pairwise nucleotide differences was 4.04, i.e., 1.17% per nucleotide. The distribution of the nucleotide differences matches the theoretical distribution and indicates only one major episode of expansion that occurred between 20,732 and 59,691 years ago, between the Middle Paleolithic and Upper Paleolithic. Compared with the other populations, parameters of the Sicilian sample lie in an intermediate position between the eastern and western Mediterranean populations. This is due to numerous contacts that Sicily has had with the Mediterranean area since prehistoric times. At the same time, the singularity of some of the haplotypes present in the sample studied indicates the persistence of some characteristics caused by genetic drift and isolation that the population has endured in the course of its history. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:576–589, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Well‐being changes in response to 30 years of regional integration in Maya populations from Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Gurri Francisco D. , Pereira Gilberto Balam , Moran Emilio F. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractInfant mortality rate (IMR), overall frequency of linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH), sexual dimorphism in LEH, age of onset of LEH, and age at menarche were used as indicators to test the hypothesis that the origin and development of the tourist industry and increased state participation on Maya subsistence agriculturists in the early 1970s had improved the well‐being of the Maya. Two historical moments where inferred from the data. The first was derived from cheap and effective immunization and sanitation campaigns that reduced IMR from 143.4/1,000 live births in the early 1960s to 97.4 in the early 1970s. State participation broke the undernutrition–disease cycle enough to reduce LEH frequencies significantly (from 71.9% in individuals born before 1971 to 51.5% in those born in 1971 or after, χ2 = 55.72; 1 df; α = 0.00001) and to eliminate the sex difference in LEH expression (from a 14.8% LEH difference between men and women before 1971 [Male/Female Odds Radio = 0.45, α significant at 0.05] to a nonsignificant 2% difference). Improvement in overall living conditions reflected in a “modern stage” infant mortality regime and an almost disappearance of LEHs, resulted from gradual improvements in living conditions that did not become apparent until the 1980s. Trends in the age at menarche are not statistically significant, probably due to methodological limitations. However, if overall living conditions continue to improve or stay as they are today, accelerations in maturation should become noticeable. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:590–602, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Familial risk of high blood pressure in the Canadian population
Authors: Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Rankinen Tuomo , Pérusse Louis , Rao D.C. , Bouchard Claude 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFamilial risk ratios for high blood pressure were estimated in a representative sample of the Canadian population. The sample consisted of 14,069 participants 7–69 years of age from 5,753 families participating in the 1981 Canada Fitness Survey. Resting systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were adjusted for the effects of body mass index using regression procedures. Varying degrees of high blood pressure were defined as the 75th, 85th, and 95th percentiles of age‐ and sex‐specific values. Age‐ and sex‐standardized risk ratios (SRRs) were calculated comparing the prevalences in the general population to those in spouses and first‐degree relatives of probands with high blood pressure. SRRs for the 95th percentile were, for SBP and DBP, respectively, 1.37 and 1.45 in spouses and 1.33 and 2.36 in first‐degree relatives of probands. SRRs decrease with decreasing percentile cut‐offs used to define high blood pressure (95th > 85th > 75th), and SRRs are generally higher in first‐degree relatives than in spouses, particularly for DBP. The results indicate significant familial risk for high blood pressure in the Canadian population, and the pattern of SRRs suggests that genetic factors may be responsible for a portion of the risk. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:620–625, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of Down syndrome on the dimensions of dental crowns and tissues
Authors: Bell Emma , Townsend Grant , Wilson David , Kieser Jules , Hughes Toby 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAbnormal growth in Down syndrome (DS) is reflected by variable reduction in size and simplification in form of many physical traits. This study aimed to compare the thickness of enamel and dentine in deciduous and permanent mandibular incisor teeth between DS and non‐DS individuals and to clarify how these tissues contribute to altered tooth size in DS. Sample groups comprised 61 mandibular incisors (29 permanent and 32 deciduous) from DS individuals and 55 mandibular incisors (29 permanent and 26 deciduous) from non‐DS individuals. Maximum mesiodistal and labiolingual crown dimensions were measured initially, then the crowns were sectioned midsagittally and photographed using a stereomicroscope. Linear measurements of enamel and dentine thickness were obtained on the labial and lingual surfaces of the crowns, together with enamel and dentine–pulp areas and lengths of the dentino‐enamel junction. Reduced permanent crown size in DS was associated with a reduction in both enamel and dentine thickness. After adjustments were made for tooth size, DS permanent incisors had significantly thinner enamel than non‐DS permanent teeth. The DS permanent teeth also exhibited significant differences in shape and greater variability in dimensions than the non‐DS permanent teeth. Crown dimensions of deciduous incisors were similar in size or larger in DS compared with non‐DS deciduous teeth. Enamel and dentine thicknesses of the deciduous teeth were similar in DS and non‐DS individuals. The findings indicate that growth retardation in DS reduces both enamel and dentine deposition in the permanent incisors but not in the earlier‐forming deciduous predecessors. The results are also consistent with the concept of amplified developmental instability for dental traits in DS. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:690–698, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abnormal desmin protein in myofibrillar myopathies caused by desmin gene mutations
Authors: Li Mian , Dalakas Marinos C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMuscle proteins were extracted in various sodium dodecyl sulfate buffers from 6 patients with myofibrillar myopathy (MFM) and previously identified with mutations in the desmin gene (desmin myopathy; DesM), 6 with MFM without mutations, and 14 disease controls to search for alterations in biochemistry and solubility of mutated desmin filaments. In the 1% posthigh‐speed pellet fraction, desmin was detected with immunoblots only in DesM and not the other MFM. We conclude that mutant desmin forms insoluble aggregates that are specific for the DesM and can be detected with Western blots. Ann Neurol 2001;49:533–536
Small fibers involvement in Friedreich's ataxia
Authors: Nolano Maria , Provitera Vincenzo , Crisci Claudio , Saltalamacchia Anna Maria , Wendelschafer‐Crabb Gwen , Kennedy William Robert , Filla Alessandro , Santoro Lucio , Caruso Giuseppe 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAlthough the involvement of large myelinated sensory fibers in Friedreich's ataxia (FA) is well documented, an impairment of unmyelinated fibers has not been described. We demonstrate an involvement of cutaneous unmyelinated sensory and autonomic nerve fibers in FA patients. We performed a morphological and functional study of cutaneous nerve fibers in 14 FA patients and in a population of control subjects. We used immunohistochemical techniques and confocal microscopy applied to punch skin biopsies from thigh, distal leg, and fingertip, and compared the density of epidermal nerve fibers (ENFs) with the results of mechanical pain sensation and thermal and tactile thresholds performed on hand dorsum, thigh, distal leg, and foot dorsum. We observed in our patients a statistically significant loss of ENFs, a reduced innervation of sweat glands, arrector pilorum muscles and arterioles, and an impairment of thermal and tactile thresholds and mechanical pain detection.
Increased frequency of the tumor necrosis factor‐α‐308 a allele in adults with human immunodeficiency virus dementia
Authors: Quasney Michael W. , Zhang Qing , Sargent Susie , Mynatt Margaret , Glass Jonathan , McArthur Justin 
Published: November 2004

AbstractGenetic polymorphisms in the regulatory regions of various cytokine genes influence the amount of cytokine produced in response to inflammatory stimuli. To determine whether such polymorphisms might play a role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dementia, a disease process in which tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α is believed to play a role, we analyzed HIV‐infected adults with and without dementia and control populations for a polymorphic site located in the promoter region of the gene coding for TNF‐α. The presence of the A allele at the TNF‐α‐308 site was overrepresented among adults with HIV dementia compared to those without dementia (0.28 versus 0.07; OR 5.5; 95% CI 1.8–17.0) and a healthy control population (0.28 versus 0.11). The increased frequency of the A allele in HIV‐infected adults with dementia suggests that this locus may play a role in the pathophysiology of dementia and suggests a genetic predisposition for the development of HIV dementia.
Clinical and pathological features of a parkinsonian syndrome in a family with an Ala53Thr α‐synuclein mutation
Authors: Spira Paul J. , Sharpe David M. , Halliday Glenda , Cavanagh Julie , Nicholson Garth A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe describe an Australian family of Greek origin with a parkinsonian syndrome and an Ala53Thr α‐synuclein gene mutation. Five of 9 siblings were affected, the average age of onset was 45 years, and the initial symptoms were variable, including resting tremor, bradykinesia, and gait disturbance, as previously described in families with the same point mutation. Affected family members responded well to levodopa, developed progressive cognitive impairment, and had a disease duration of 5 to 16 years. Pathologic features typical of idiopathic Parkinson's disease were found at autopsy. However, there were several additional features not previously reported in families with this gene mutation. These features included severe central hypoventilation, orthostatic hypotension, prominent myoclonus, and urinary incontinence. An abundance of α‐synuclein–immunoreactive Lewy neurites were found in the brainstem pigmented nuclei, hippocampus, and temporal neocortex. The Lewy neurites were associated with temporal lobe vacuolation. Subcortical basal ganglia cell loss and gliosis were seen. These additional clinical and pathological features suggest that the Ala53Thr α‐synuclein mutation can produce a more widespread disorder than found in typical idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 2001;49:313–319
Mechanisms and predictors of chronic facial pain in lateral medullary infarction
Authors: Fitzek Sabine , Baumgärtner Ulf , Fitzek Clemens , Magerl Walter , Urban Peter , Thömke Frank , Marx Jürgen , Treede Rolf‐Detlef , Stoeter Peter , Hopf Hanns Christian 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify clinical predictors and anatomical structures involved in patients with pain after dorsolateral medullary infarction. Eight out of 12 patients (67%) developed poststroke pain within 12 days to 24 months after infarction. The pain occurred in the ipsilateral face (6 patients) and/or the contralateral limbs and trunk (5 patients, 3 of whom also had facial pain). Ipsilateral facial pain was significantly correlated with lower medullary lesions, including those of the spinal trigeminal tract and/or nucleus, as documented by magnetic resonance imaging. The R2 blink reflex component was abnormal only in patients with facial pain. Likewise, pain and temperature sensation in the ipsilateral face was decreased in all patients with facial pain but not in patients without pain. Ipsilateral touch sensation in the face was also decreased in all patients with facial pain, but the lesions revealed on magnetic resonance imaging did not involve the principal sensory nucleus of the fifth cranial nerve, and the R1 blink reflex latencies were normal. Although facial pain was correlated with lesions of the spinal trigeminal tract and/or nucleus, none of the lesions involved the subnucleus caudalis, which contains most nociceptive neurons. These findings suggest that facial pain after medullary infarction is due to lesions of the lower spinal trigeminal tract (axons of primary afferent neurons), leading to deafferentation of spinal trigeminal nucleus neurons. Ann Neurol 2001;49:493–500
The peritrophic matrix of hematophagous insects
Authors: Shao Li , Devenport Martin , Jacobs‐Lorena Marcelo 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe peritrophic matrix (PM) is an extracellular envelope that lines the digestive tract of most insects. It is thought to play key roles in protecting insects from pathogens and facilitating digestion. Until recently, little information was available on the molecular composition of the PM. This review summarizes recent progress in the study of the PM from hematophagous insects, with emphasis on molecular and physiological aspects. Topics discussed include the presence of chitin and protein diversity in the PM, cloning and characterization of genes encoding PM proteins, PM permeability, and the role of the PM as a barrier for pathogens. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 47:119–125, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measuring temporal variability in residential magnetic field exposures
Authors: Kaune W.T. , Davis S. , Stevens R.G. , Mirick D.K. , Kheifets L. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractConsiderable interest has developed during the past ten years regarding the hypothesis that living organisms may respond to temporal variability in ELF magnetic fields to which they are exposed. Consequently, methods to measure various aspects of temporal variability are of interest. In this paper, five measures of temporal variability were examined: Arithmetic means (Dmean) and rms values (Drms) of the first differences (i.e., absolute value of the difference between consecutive measurements) of magnetic field recordings; “standardized” forms of Drms, denoted RCMS, obtained by dividing Drms by the standard deviations of the magnetic field data; and mean (Fmean) and rms (Frms) values of fractional first differences. Theoretical investigations showed that Dmean and Drms are virtually unaffected by long‐term systematic trends (changes) in exposure. These measures thus provide rather specific measures of short‐term temporal variability. This was also true to a lesser extent for Fmean and Frms. In contrast, the RCMS metric was affected by both short‐term and long‐term exposure variabilities. The metrics were also investigated using a data set consisting of twice‐repeated two‐calendar‐day recordings of bedroom magnetic fields and personal exposures of 203 women residing in the western portion of Washington State. The predominant source of short‐term temporal variability in magnetic field exposures arose from the movement of subjects through spatially varying magnetic fields. Spearman correlations between TWA bedroom magnetic fields or TWA personal exposures and five measures of temporal variability were relatively low. Weak to moderate levels of correlation were observed between temporal variability measured during two different sessions separated in time by 3 or 6 months. We conclude that first difference and fractional difference metrics provide specific and fairly independent measures of short‐term temporal variability. The RCMS metric does not provide an easily interpreted measure of short‐term or long‐term temporal variability. This last result raises uncertainties about the interpretation of published studies that use the RCMS metric. Bioelectromagnetics 22:232–245, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
UV resonance Raman study of streptavidin binding of biotin and 2‐iminobiotin: Comparison with avidin
Authors: Clarkson John , Batchelder David N. , Smith D. Alastair 
Published: November 2004

AbstractUV resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy is used to study the binding of biotin and 2‐iminobiotin by streptavidin, and the results are compared to those previously obtained from the avidin–biotin complex and new data from the avidin–2‐iminobiotin complex. UVRR difference spectroscopy using 244‐nm excitation reveals changes to the tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Trp) residues of both proteins upon complex formation. Avidin has four Trp and only one Tyr residue, while streptavidin has eight Trp and six Tyr residues. The spectral changes observed in streptavidin upon the addition of biotin are similar to those observed for avidin. However, the intensity enhancements observed for the streptavidin Trp Raman bands are less than those observed with avidin. The changes observed in the streptavidin Tyr bands are similar to those observed for avidin and are assigned exclusively to the binding site Tyr 43 residue. The Trp and Tyr band changes are due to the exclusion of water and addition of biotin, resulting in a more hydrophobic environment for the binding site residues. The addition of 2‐iminobiotin results in spectral changes to both the streptavidin and avidin Trp bands that are very similar to those observed upon the addition of biotin in each protein. The changes to the Tyr bands are very different than those observed with the addition of biotin, and similar spectral changes are observed in both streptavidin and avidin. This is attributable to hydrogen bond changes to the binding site Tyr residue in each protein, and the similar Tyr difference features in both proteins supports the exclusive assignment of the streptavidin Tyr difference features to the binding site Tyr 43. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 62: 307–314, 2001
Vibrational circular dichroism of gramicidin D in vesicles and micelles
Authors: Zhao Chunxia , Polavarapu Prasad L. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) and absorption spectra of gramicidin D in three model membranes (dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride vesicles, dimyristoyl‐phosphatidylcholine vesicles, and sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles) are presented. The absorption and VCD spectra suggest that the stable gramicidin D conformation in the model membranes is different from those in organic solvents. The presence of cations does not change the membrane‐bound conformation of gramicidin D. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 62: 336–340, 2001
Raman spectroscopy of secondary structure of elastinlike polymer poly(GVGVP)
Authors: Schmidt Pavel , Dybal Jir̆í , Rodríguez‐Cabello José Carlos , Alonso Matilde 
Published: November 2004

AbstractRaman spectra of the elastinlike polypentapeptide poly(GVGVP) were measured in H2O and D2O as solutions and, after increasing the temperature, as suspensions and sediments. In addition, spectra of the polypentapeptide in the solutions of increasing concentration and in the solid state were also investigated by gradually evaporating the water. Significant changes in band frequencies, intensities, and shapes were found for selected Raman bands in the measured spectra, particularly for the CH stretching, the glycine CH2 wagging, and some amide vibrations. The CH stretching vibrations are influenced predominantly by the presence of water, the glycine CH2 wagging vibrations are associated with conformational transitions. Three possible types of poly(GVGVP)s in the presence of water were indicated: polymer chains in a relatively extended state in the solution, a β‐spiral structure in the suspension, and irregularly bent chains in the sediment. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 62: 150–157, 2001
Possible complication regarding phosphorus removal with a continuous flow biofilm system: Diffusion limitation
Authors: Falkentoft C. M. , Arnz P. , Henze M. , Mosbæk H. , Müller E. , Wilderer P. A. , Harremoës P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractDiffusion limitation of phosphate possibly constitutes a serious problem regarding the use of a biofilm reactor for enhanced biological phosphorus removal. A lab‐scale reactor for simultaneous removal of phosphorus and nitrate was operated in a continuous alternating mode of operation. For a steady‐state operation with excess amounts of carbon source (acetate) during the anaerobic phase, the same amount of phosphate was released during the anaerobic phase as was taken up during the anoxic phase. The measured phosphorus content of the biomass that detached during backwash after an anoxic phase was low, 2.4 ± 0.4% (equal to 24 ± 4 mg P/g TS). A simplified computer model indicated the reason to be phosphate diffusion limitation and the model revealed a delicate balance between the obtainable phosphorus contents of the biomass and operating parameters, such as backwash interval, biofilm thickness after backwash, and phase lengths. The aspect of diffusion is considered of crucial importance when evaluating the performance of a biofilter for phosphate removal. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 76: 77–85, 2001.