bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular responses following laryngoscope assisted, fibreoptic orotracheal intubation
Authors: Tong J. L. , Ashworth D. R. , Smith J. E. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryThe Macintosh laryngoscope has recently been used successfully as an airway clearance device during fibreoptic intubation in patients who presented difficult intubation, but it is not known whether this approach will increase the pressor response to intubation. The aim of this investigation was to compare the cardiovascular responses of this method of facilitating airway clearance with the lingual traction plus jaw thrust method. 40 ASA I or II adult patients were given a standardised general anaesthetic and were randomly allocated to receive either lingual traction with jaw thrust (lingual traction group) or direct laryngoscopy with a Macintosh laryngoscope (laryngoscopy group) as the airway clearance manoeuvre prior to fibreoptic orotracheal intubation. Following intubation there was a significant rise in arterial pressure above pre‐induction levels in both groups (p < 0.05); however, the arterial pressure in the laryngoscopy group was significantly greater than that in the lingual traction group (systolic: p = 0.031, diastolic: p = 0.002). It appears therefore that the mechanical stimulus of the Macintosh laryngoscopy evokes a greater pressor response than that of lingual traction plus jaw thrust when these interventions are followed by fibreoptic intubation.
Tramadol‐induced hyponatraemia following unicompartmental knee replacement surgery
Authors: Udy A. , Deacy N. , Barnes D. , Sigston P. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryWe report a case of postoperative hyponatraemia following routine knee surgery, followed by a subsequent, less severe, episode after identical surgery on the contralateral knee. On each occasion the patient had been given the weak opioid tramadol for postoperative pain relief. Through its effects on serotonergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system, we hypothesise that tramadol may have been directly involved in this patient's biochemical disorder.
An evaluation of the Cobra Perilaryngeal Airway™: study halted after two cases of pulmonary aspiration*
Authors: Cook T. M. , Lowe J. M. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryThe Cobra Perilaryngeal Airway™ (Engineered Medical Systems, Indianapolis, IN) is a new supraglottic airway designed for spontaneous and controlled ventilation. It is not yet commercially available in the UK. Our aim was to evaluate the performance of the Cobra Perilaryngeal Airway™ in a cohort study and in a randomised, controlled, crossover comparison study with the Classic Laryngeal Mask Airway™. After studying 29 patients, both studies were suspended and later stopped after two cases of significant pulmonary aspiration had occurred in patients whilst using the Cobra Perilaryngeal Airway™. These cases raised concern about both the design and the safety of the Cobra Perilaryngeal Airway™, particularly during controlled ventilation. We suggest that the Cobra Perilaryngeal Airway™ should not be marketed for controlled ventilation until more safety data are available.
A set of testis‐specific novel genes collected from a collection of Korean Native Chicken ESTs
Authors: Shin J. H. , Kim H. , Song K. D. , Han B. K. , Park T. S. , Kim D. K. , Han J. Y. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryWe report a set of testis‐specific novel genes by comparing the The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) chicken gene index with the 13 132 expressed sequence tag (EST) collection from Korean Native Chicken (KNC). A total of 553 novel transcripts have resulted after comparison of our EST contigs and singlets against the chicken gene index and chicken genome sequences. Interestingly, 76% of the new genes were from testis‐specific EST contigs or singlet and analysis of exon/intron structure showed that a significant number of the contigs have intronless coding regions. A large portion of the testis‐specific transcripts have intronless coding region indicating that the testis‐specific expression pattern is related to a group of single exon genes in the chicken. The chicken EST data that are described in this paper have been submitted to the NCBI dbEST under accession numbers CO759017–CO764274, CO765331–CO768903 and CO769672‐CO773972.
High levels of nucleotide diversity in the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) SRY gene
Authors: Geraldes A. , Rogel‐Gaillard C. , Ferrand N. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryWe have sequenced 2388 bp of the European rabbit sex determining region Y (SRY) gene. These data provide a 10‐fold increase in the coverage of the Y chromosome in this species, including the entire open reading frame of the SRY, the polyadenylation signal, and two repetitive sequences in the 5′ ‐region. A survey of 2021 bp of this gene in eight domestic breeds and four wild individuals revealed a total of nine single nucleotide polymorphisms and one indel, defining two deeply divergent lineages. The resulting estimation of nucleotide diversity (π = 1.34 × 10−3) is very high when compared with other species, but no variability was detected among the domestic breeds. This study represents a first step in the characterization of the European rabbit Y chromosome and its variability. These sequences can be used in additional phylogeographical analyses of the European rabbit and other Leporid species, as well as in evolutionary studies of sex determination and the Y chromosome in wild species.
Identification of a mutation in the ovine uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD) gene associated with a type of porphyria
Authors: Nezamzadeh R. , Seubert A. , Pohlenz J. , Brenig B. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryPorphyria is a group of at least eight diseases caused by abnormalities in the chemical steps that lead to haeme production. The different types of porphyria show different signs and symptoms and can be strongly influenced by environmental factors. Mutations of the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD) gene have been shown to be causative for porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) in humans. Porphyria is a rare disorder in livestock. Although disorders of haeme biosynthesis have been described in cattle, pigs, sheep and cats, PCT has only been reported in pigs. We observed typical signs of porphyria (photosensitivity and porphyrinuria) in a flock of German Blackface sheep and postulated that the porphyria could be caused by a mutation in the UROD gene. To investigate this, we cloned and sequenced the ovine UROD gene. We identified a single point mutation (C → T) in UROD which leads to an amino acid substitution at Leu131Pro, which is located within the active cleft site of the UROD protein.
Physical mapping of genes in the porcine ovarian transcriptome
Authors: Caetano A. R. , Edeal J. B. , Burns K. , Johnson R. K. , Tuggle C. K. , Pomp D. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryReproductive efficiency and associated traits are of major economic importance to the swine industry and have been more difficult to improve genetically than other production traits. Integration of phenotypical data with gene mapping and expression studies provides a powerful approach for dissection of the genetic basis regulating complex traits. We developed a total of 101 polymerase chain reaction‐based markers, representing 91 unique genes, for expressed sequence tags previously reported to be putatively differentially expressed in the porcine ovarian transcriptome of a swine line selected on an index of high ovulation rate and embryonic survival. These were subsequently used in physical mapping experiments with a porcine radiation hybrid and somatic cell hybrid panels. Our results increased the information content of the porcine physical map useful for comparative mapping by c. 10%. Moreover, the mapped genes are likely to be biologically relevant to the molecular mechanisms that control ovulation rate in the pig. A total of 12 differentially expressed genes were mapped to regions previously reported to contain quantitative trait loci affecting swine ovulation rate.
A novel maternal lineage revealed in sheep (Ovis aries)
Authors: Guo J. , Du L.‐X. , Ma Y.‐H. , Guan W.‐J. , Li H.‐B. , Zhao Q.‐J. , Li X. , Rao S.‐Q. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryIt is generally believed that domestic sheep have two maternal lineages (haplotypes A and B), based on mitochondrial DNA analysis. In the present study, we provide evidence that a novel maternal lineage (haplotype C) is exhibited in Chinese native sheep. To verify this finding, 231 samples were collected from six Chinese local breeds, which cover the vast geographical region of sheep inhabitation in China. For comparison, 50 samples were collected from two Western breeds collected in China. Mitochondrial DNA was screened by PCR single‐strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP), leading to the identification of novel band patterns in ND2 and ND4 genes in the Chinese breeds. Interestingly, mutations at the two loci were in strong linkage disequilibrium. Direct sequencing of the DNA fragments revealed a non‐synonymous substitution in ND2. Furthermore, two synonymous mutations were identified by comparisons of the novel type (haplotype C) and the established types (haplotypes A and B). The entire mitochondrial control region for 55 samples was then sequenced to construct a phylogenetic tree and median joining network. Both the tree and network demonstrated a topology of three groups, which is in consistent with the SSCP analysis. Unlike Western breeds, Chinese breeds are composed mainly of haplotypes A and B, but with a small fraction of haplotype C. According to Fu's test and mismatch distribution, haplotype C has not been subject to a recent population expansion. Based on these results, we propose a novel origin for Chinese sheep.
Confirmation of QTL on porcine chromosomes 1 and 8 influencing leukocyte numbers, haematological parameters and leukocyte function
Authors: Wattrang E. , Almqvist M. , Johansson A. , Fossum C. , Wallgren P. , Pielberg G. , Andersson L. , Edfors‐Lilja I. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryA genome wide search in European Wild Boar × Swedish Yorkshire (W × Y) inter‐cross pigs has earlier identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) for leucocyte number and function on porcine chromosomes 1 and 8 (SSC1 and 8). To verify the involvement of these chromosomal regions in the regulation of haematocrit (Hem) and haemoglobin (Hb) levels, leucocyte numbers andin vitroleukocyte functions (mitogen induced proliferation and IL‐2 production, virus induced interferon‐αproduction and neutrophil phagocytosis), animals of different genetic backgrounds were analysed. The animals comprised a back‐cross sire family (n = 47) of W × Y pigs and six crossbred [Y × Landrace (L)] sire families (n = 191). They were genotyped for 16 genetic markers and an interval analysis was performed. On SSC1, a QTL close toS0082on the q‐arm that influenced numbers of white blood cells in L × Y pigs and numbers of band neutrophils and CD8+cells in W × Y pigs was identified (P ≤ 0.01). An additional SSC1 QTL was identified on the p‐arm close toS0008with influence on numbers of CD2+cells in W × Y pigs (P ≤ 0.05). On SSC8, a QTL influencing Hb (P ≤ 0.01) and Hem (P ≤ 0.05) levels was identified close toKITin the W × Y pigs. For L × Y pigs, a second QTL, distal toKITand close toS0069, on SSC8 influenced the numbers of MHCII+cells and mitogen induced proliferation (P ≤ 0.05), whilst the QTL close toKITinfluenced the number of IgM+cells in these pigs (P ≤ 0.05). The results confirm the involvement of earlier identified regions of SSC1 and SSC8 on porcine immune parameters and some candidate genes were suggested.
How we did it: neopharyngeal stricture management with the nitinol stent in the laryngectomized patient: our disappointing results
Authors: Thornton M.A. , Conlon B.J. , Timon C. 
Published: July 2005

Keypoints• Serial dilatation, the mainstay of benign ‘neopharyngeal’ stricture management, can have inconsistent results.• Nitinol stents, as a metallic self‐expanding coil, may have a role in such patients.• Such stents were inserted in four patients but two had to be removed because of intractable pain.• It is concluded that nitinol stents are unlikely to have a significant role in the management of neopharyngeal stricture management.
How we do it: A series of 114 primary pharyngeal space neoplasms
Authors: Shahab R. , Heliwell T. , Jones A.S. 
Published: July 2005

Keypoints• Primary parapharyngeal space tumours are exceedingly rare.• We present a series of 114 parapharyngeal space tumours, the second largest in the literature.• The most frequent benign tumours were pleomorphic adenoma (34) and paraganglioma (33); the commonest malignancies were of salivary gland origin (12).• The 5‐ and 10‐year survival for benign tumours was 100%.• The 5‐ and 10‐year survival for malignancies was 93% and 57% respectively.• The importance of long‐term follow‐up is evidently crucial.
Pharyngeal and laryngeal symptoms and signs related to extraesophageal reflux in patients with heartburn in gastroenterology practice: a prospective study
Authors: Ylitalo R. , Lindestad P. , Hertegård S. 
Published: July 2005

Objectives:  To describe pharyngeal and laryngeal symptoms and findings in correlation to extraesophageal reflux (EER) in patients with heartburn.Design:  A prospective study.Setting:  Patients referred to Department of Gastroenterology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge.Participants:  Forty‐three patients with chronic heartburn as the primary symptom, subdivided on the basis of oesophageal manometry to have gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) (n = 25) or not (n = 18).Main outcome measures:  Laryngeal video recordings of 43 patients were examined off‐line. The occurrence of symptoms and laryngeal pathology were correlated to the results of 24‐h double‐probe pH monitoring.Results:  Pharyngeal or laryngeal symptoms occurred often or quite often in 72% (18 of 25) of the GORD patients and 61% (11 of 18) of the patients without GORD. EER occurred in 73% (16 of 22) of the GORD patients with laryngeal symptoms and in 38% (6 of 16) of those without GORD but with laryngeal symptoms (P = 0.047). In the multivariate analysis the odds for hoarseness was 17 times higher if the patient had heartburn more than five times a day, compared with patients with heartburn less than once a day (OR 17.8, CI 1.7–405.9; P = 0.01). Cohen's kappa for intrarater reliability was 0.851 (P = 0.001). Laryngeal pathology was found in 56% of the GORD patients and 44% patients without GORD. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of any specific symptom or finding between the patients with and without GORD, nor with and without EER.Conclusions:  Although GORD together with laryngeal symptoms seem to be predictive of EER, there are no specific pharyngeal and laryngeal symptoms or findings that would help distinguishing patients with EER from those without. However, the more frequent the heartburn to the more frequent is hoarseness.
A non‐randomized comparison of earwax removal with a ‘Do‐it‐yourself’ ear vacuum kit and a Jobson‐Horne Probe
Authors: Leong A.C. , Aldren C. 
Published: July 2005

Objectives:  Do‐it‐yourself ear vacuum kits (ear vacs) have recently been introduced as an effective method of earwax removal. This study assesses the efficacy of ear vacs in comparison with a conventional mechanical method of earwax removal, the Jobson‐Horne probe.Methods:  Forty healthy relatives who had accompanied family members to orthopaedic and haematology clinics were screened with otoscopy. Sixteen participants with earwax were selected.Main outcome measures:  (i) Weight of earwax removed, (ii) proportion of tympanic membrane visible before and after each intervention, (iii) participants’ subjective assessment of any improvement in hearing. Suction pressure generated by the ear vac was also compared with that of microsuctioning.Results:  No earwax was removed with the ear vac but the Jobson‐Horne probe was significantly more effective at removing a greater weight of earwax (P < 0.001, mean weight 92.4 mg). There was no improvement in visibility of the tympanic membrane after the ear vac but the Jobson‐Horne probe restored visibility to 100% (P < 0.001). No participant felt that there was an improvement in their hearing after the ear vac, but the majority (88%) reported an improvement in their hearing after the Jobson‐horne probe.Conclusion:  A Jobson‐Horne probe is significantly more effective than an ear vac for the removal of earwax.
The reliability and validity of patient self‐rating of their own voice quality
Authors: Lee M. , Drinnan M. , Carding P. 
Published: July 2005

Objectives:  To provide preliminary data on the reliability and validity of dysphonic patients rating their own voice quality.Design:  Prospective reliability/validity assessment of voice ratings in dysphonic patients.Setting:  The Royal Free Hampstead NHS Primary Care Trust.Participants:  Thirty‐five adult dysphonia patients recruited from ENT referrals to a speech and language therapy department. Exclusion criteria were (i) a hearing impairment which may affect auditory discrimination and (ii) a diagnosis of cognitive impairment which may affect task comprehension.Main outcome measures:  Patient intra‐rater reliability was assessed by test–retest ratings, using G (Grade), R (Rough), B (Breathy), A (Asthenic), S (Strained) (GRBAS). Validity was assessed by comparing (i) patient–clinician inter‐rater reliability, (ii) patients’ GRBAS ratings with their Vocal Performance Questionnaire (VPQ) responses.Result:  (i) Patients had lower intrarater reliability than clinicians (for G of GRBAS, kappa = 0.51 versus 0.74); (ii) patients consistently rated their voices more severely than clinicians (for G of GRBAS, mean rating = 1.4 versus 1.0); (iii) clinician–patient inter‐rater agreement was no better than chance (paired t‐test, all P < 0.05); (iv) patient ratings correlated significantly with vocal performance scores (r > 0.4, P < 0.05).Conclusions:  Patients appear to have good validity and consistency using GRBAS as a self‐perception tool. However, validity measured in terms of agreement with clinician ratings is poor. Voice patients may rate what they perceive rather than what they hear. Disagreement between patient and clinician ratings has implications for therapy aims, prognosis, patient expectations and outcomes. Where disagreement persists, the clinician may have to determine whether therapy priorities need redesigning to reflect patients’ perceived needs, or to evaluate whether patient perceptions and expectations are unrealistic.
Wound related complications following full thickness skin graft versus split thickness skin graft on patients with bone anchored hearing aids
Authors: Lekakis G.K. , Najuko A. , Gluckman P.G. 
Published: July 2005

Objectives:  The aim of this study was to review complications occurring in bone anchored hearing aid (BAHA) patients in relation to wound healing following full thickness skin graft versus split thickness skin graft.Design:  Retrospective study. The medical notes of 22 patients who underwent insertion of BAHA over 24 months were reviewed.Setting:  ENT Department at a District General Hospital in the UK.Participants:  All patients were adults and underwent one stage procedure following the standard Branemark technique. In 11 cases the skin abutment interface was established by use of full thickness skin graft inset around the implant, and in the other 11 by use of split thickness skin graft.Main outcomes measures:  The incidence of delayed wound healing resulting in an increase of number of visits for change of wound dressings. In addition the degree of soft tissue reactions around the interface was examined.Results:  There was a clear difference between the split and full thickness skin graft groups in relation to the severity of adverse skin reactions and number of visits required for change of dressings. The split thickness group required from three minimum to 13 maximum (median 4) visits in outpatients during the initial observation period until healing was complete. The full thickness group demonstrated one minimum and three maximum (median 2) visits.Conclusions:  In our hands the full thickness skin graft is superior to a split thickness graft.
The use of lubrication in flexible fibreoptic nasendoscopy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pothier D.D. , Awad Z. , Whitehouse M. , Porter G.C. 
Published: July 2005

Objectives:  To determine how lubrication of the endoscope prior to flexible fibreoptic nasendoscopy affects levels of patient discomfort and pain during endoscopy. To assess the extent to which lubrication affects the ease of nasendoscopy and the quality of the image obtained.Design:  Single blind, randomized controlled trial.Setting:  Outpatient clinic of the Department of Otolaryngology at a secondary level referral centre.Participants:  A total of 150 participants selected sequentially from patients requiring a nasendoscopy where the endoscope would be passed far enough to view the larynx. Patients requiring topical anaesthetic were excluded. All participants who were entered in the study completed the study. Endoscopy was performed by all grades of medical staff.Main outcomes measures:  Levels of discomfort and pain experienced by the participants were assessed by a visual analogue scale (VAS). Difficulty of passing the scope was indicated by the endoscopist using a VAS, as was the quality of image obtained.Results:  There was no significant difference between mean scores for pain or discomfort of the lubricated and unlubricated groups (P = 0.46 and P = 0.82 respectively). Scores for difficulty of passing the scope were significantly lower in the lubricant group (P = 0.003) but loss of image was significantly greater (P = 0.008).Conclusions:  Lubrication of the endoscope prior to nasendoscopy does not reduce levels of discomfort or pain for the patient, but increases ease in insertion for the operator. However, this may be at the expense of reduced image quality.
Choanal atresia – a recurrent feature of foetal carbimazole syndrome
Authors: Myers A.K. , Reardon W. 
Published: July 2005

Keypoints• Choanal atresia is described as a feature of several congenital anomaly phenotypes.• Most cases of choanal atresia arises as an isolated clinical finding.• In utero exposure to carbimazole for maternal hyperthyroidism has been reported in five cases of choanal atresia.• We report another instance of this teratogenic cause of choanal atresia.• Maternal drug history is an important aspect of assessment in cases of choanal atresia.