bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fracture behavior of S355J2W steel and weld at low temperature
Authors: Li Yuanxing , Liu Yi , He Yongpan , Zhu Zongtao , Chen Hui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe weather‐resistant steel S355J2W shows potential for use in the bogies of high‐speed trains operating in extremely cold regions. In this study, the mechanical properties and fracture behavior of S355J2W steel and its MAG welding joints were investigated using low‐temperature uniaxial tensile tests, Charpy impact tests, and three‐point bending tests (TPB), which play an important role in the safety and reliability of train operation. The ductility and toughness indices decreased as the temperature decreased from room temperature to −114°C, and the weld is more dangerous and prone to fracture than the base material area. The бs/бb values of WM and HAZ samples slightly increased by 3.7% and 3.8% from 20 to −114°C, respectively. And the ductile–brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of BM, WM, and HAZ were −75.6, −46.1, and −56.6°C, respectively. The fracture micro‐mechanisms were evaluated by analyzing the grain misorientation along the residual cracks using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The high‐angle grain boundaries (GBs) in the base metal were observed to greatly contribute to stopping or deflecting the crack propagation, thereby improving the low‐temperature toughness. In contrast, the cracks easily penetrate the low‐angle GBs of the weld (which made up 38% of the grain boundaries of the welds), thereby decreasing the lower temperature fracture toughness of the weld. The dislocations of S355J2W steel and the weld metal were investigated by TEM analysis.
Controls and significance of priming effects in lake sediments
Authors: Bartosiewicz Maciej , Przytulska Anna , Birkholz Axel , Zopfi Jakob , Lehmann Moritz F. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWarming and eutrophication influence carbon (C) processing in sediments, with implications for the global greenhouse‐gas budget. Temperature effects on sedimentary C loss are well understood, but the mechanism of change in turnover through priming with labile organic matter (OM) is not. Evaluating changes in the magnitude of priming as a function of warming, eutrophication, and OM stoichiometry, we incubated sediments with 13C‐labeled fresh organic matter (FOM, algal/cyanobacterial) and simulated future climate scenarios (+4°C and +8°C). We investigated FOM‐induced production of CH4 and microbial community changes. C loss was primed by up to 17% in dominantly allochthonous sediments (ranging from 5% to 17%), compared to up to 6% in autochthonous sediments (−9% to 6%), suggesting that refractory OM is more susceptible to priming. The magnitude of priming was dependent on sediment OM stoichiometry (C/N ratio), the ratio of fresh labile OM to microbial biomass (FOM/MB), and temperature. Priming was strongest at 4°C when FOM/MB was below 50%. Addition of FOM was associated with activation and growth of bacterial decomposers, including for example, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, or Fibrobacteres, known for their potential to degrade insoluble and complex structural biopolymers. Using sedimentary C/N > 15 as a threshold, we show that in up to 35% of global lakes, sedimentation is dominated by allochthonous rather than autochthonous material. We then provide first‐order estimates showing that, upon increase in phytoplankton biomass in these lakes, priming‐enabled degradation of recalcitrant OM will release up to 2.1 Tg C annually, which would otherwise be buried for geological times.
Impact of the anti‐inflammatory diet on serum high‐sensitivity C‐Reactive protein and new‐onset frailty in community‐dwelling older adults: A 7‐year follow‐up of the Kashiwa cohort study
Authors: Son Bo‐Kyung , Lyu Weida , Tanaka Tomoki , Yoshizawa Yasuyo , Akishita Masahiro , Iijima Katsuya 
Published: December 2023

AimChronic inflammation is a pathophysiological cause of age‐related diseases, including frailty. Although diet is a determinant of inflammation, few prospective studies have investigated its role in frailty onset. This study used the dietary inflammatory index to investigate whether a proinflammatory diet affects the incidence of frailty in a 7‐year follow‐up of older Japanese adults.MethodsWe enrolled community‐dwelling older adults without frailty from the 2014 Kashiwa cohort study. Energy‐adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E‐DII) scores were calculated using a brief self‐administered diet history questionnaire. Serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were measured by immunoassays. Frailty was defined as meeting three of Fried's five phenotypic criteria. Cox regression was used to analyze associations between E‐DII scores and new‐onset frailty after adjusting for relevant confounders.ResultsOverall, 95 (11.7%) of 811 participants (73.7 ± 4.8 years, women 47.3%) developed new‐onset frailty during the 7‐year follow‐up. The baseline E‐DII scores significantly correlated with log‐hsCRP levels, even after adjustment (β = 0.075, P = 0.035). The highest tertile of E‐DII scores (proinflammatory diet) showed a 2.03 times (95% confidence interval, 1.22–3.36) higher risk of new‐onset frailty than that associated with the lowest tertile (P = 0.006). When E‐DII was calculated on the basis of anti‐inflammatory food parameters only, the highest tertile showed a 2.32 times (95% confidence interval, 1.36–3.95) higher risk than that associated with the lowest tertile (P = 0.002).ConclusionsE‐DII scores significantly correlated with serum hsCRP levels. High E‐DII scores caused by low intake of anti‐inflammatory foods are associated with frailty incidence. For community‐dwelling older adults, dietary interventions that lower E‐DII scores (e.g., encouraging dietary fiber intake) may help prevent frailty. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 189–195.
A modified protocol for studying filaggrin degradation using a reconstructed human epidermis model under low and high humidity
Authors: Chen Qilong , Wei Ning , Lu Yina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundFilaggrin (FLG) is an essential protein that plays a vital role in maintaining skin barrier function and moisture levels, allowing the skin to adapt to dry environments. However, the precise temporal dynamics of FLG metabolism in the human epidermis remain poorly understood, and suitable tools to study these time‐dependent effects are currently lacking.ObjectiveTo investigate the molecular mechanisms and time course of FLG metabolism and skin barrier function under high‐ and low‐humidity conditions, utilizing a reconstructed epidermis model.MethodsEpiSkin specimens cultured under humid or dry conditions for varying durations (2–48 h) were compared by assessing FLG degradation and skin barrier formation using immunofluorescence staining and western blotting.ResultsUnder conditions of low humidity, the proteolysis of FLG in EpiSkin increased between 4 and 12 h and was accompanied by elevated levels of cysteine–aspartic protease (caspase)‐14. The expression of peptidyl arginine deiminase 1 and calpain 1 also increased at 4 h. However, after 24 h, the expression of these three FLG‐degrading proteins significantly decreased. Conversely, the levels of pyrrolidone‐5‐carboxylic acid and urocanic acid initially decreased at 2 h and then increased between 12 and 24 h. Additionally, the expression of skin barrier proteins, such as FLG, transglutaminase 5, loricrin and zonula occludens‐1, decreased starting from 12 h. Notably, epidermal cell viability and activity were also inhibited.ConclusionWe propose a reliable and ethical model to study the temporal dynamics of FLG metabolism and its role in skin barrier function. Using a commercially reconstructed epidermis to mimic dry skin formation obviates the need for animal and human testing.
Excess cash and equity option liquidity
Authors: Deng Min , Nguyen Minh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe examine the relation between excess corporate cash holdings and equity option market liquidity from January 3, 2005 to December 31, 2019. We show that the level of cash reserve in excess of what can be captured by firm characteristics significantly explains stock option liquidity. Trading volume and option open interest increase in companies with a higher magnitude of excess cash, whereas the bid–ask spreads of stock options decline in excess cash. Our findings confirm the theoretical prediction that excess cash improves option market liquidity as it reduces adverse selection problems caused by uncertainty in firm valuations. This relation remains more pronounced with put options, out‐of‐the‐money contracts, and short‐maturity contracts. In addition, excess cash has a stronger impact on option liquidity within firms that have a greater degree of informed trading and during high‐volatility periods in financial markets. Our results show that when uncertainty about firm prospects rises, excess cash becomes more valuable and affects option market liquidity.
Mapping potentially inappropriate medications in older adults using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system
Authors: Ndai Asinamai , Al Bahou Julie , Morris Earl , Wang Hsin‐Min , Marcum Zach , Hung Anna , Brandt Nicole , Steinman Michael A. , Vouri Scott Martin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPotentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in older adults are medications in which risks often outweigh benefits and are suggested to be avoided. Worldwide, many distinct guidelines and tools classify PIMs in older adults. Collating these guidelines and tools, mapping them to a medication classification system, and creating a crosswalk will enhance the utility of PIM guidance for research and clinical practice.MethodsWe used the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System, a hierarchical classification system, to map PIMs from eight distinct guidelines and tools (2019 Beers Criteria, Screening Tool for Older Person's Appropriate Prescriptions [STOPP], STOPP‐Japan, German PRISCUS, European Union‐7 Potentially Inappropriate Medication [PIM] list, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services [CMS] High‐Risk Medication, Anticholinergic Burden Scale, and Drug Burden Index). Each PIM was mapped to ATC Level 5 (drug) and to ATC Level 4 (drug class). We then used the crosswalk (1) to compare PIMs and PIM drug classes across guidelines and tools to determine the number of PIMs that were index (drug‐induced adverse event) or marker (treatment of drug‐induced adverse event) drug of prescribing cascades, and (2) estimate the prevalence of PIM use in older adults continuously enrolled with fee‐for‐service Medicare in 2018 as use cases. Data visualization and descriptive statistics were used to assess guidelines and tools for both use cases.ResultsOut of 480 unique PIMs identified, only three medications—amitriptyline, clomipramine, and imipramine and two drug classes—N06AA (tricyclic antidepressants) and N06AB (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), were noted in all eight guidelines and tools. Using the crosswalk, 50% of classes of index drugs and 47% of classes of marker drugs of known prescribing cascades were PIMs. Additionally, 88% of Medicare beneficiaries were dispensed ≥1 PIM across the eight guidelines and tools.ConclusionWe created a crosswalk of eight PIM guidelines and tools to the ATC classification system and created two use cases. Our findings could be used to expand the ease of PIM identification and harmonization for research and clinical practice purposes.
The evaluation of salivary leucine‐rich alpha‐2 glycoprotein (LRG) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) in humans with periodontal health or periodontal disease
Authors: Özer Ece , Yilmaz Huriye Erbak , Narin Figen , Sağlam Mehmet 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present research is to evaluate the salivary levels of leucine‐rich alpha‐2 glycoprotein (LRG) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) in periodontal health and disease (gingivitis and stage III periodontitis) and also to compare the discriminative efficiencies of both biomarkers in periodontal disease.BackgroundLRG is a new acute‐phase protein whose functions are still being investigated. LRG and CRP are both biomarkers that are increased by inflammation. No clinical study has yet investigated the comparison of the level of LRG and CRP in periodontal health, gingivitis and periodontitis in saliva samples.MethodsA total of 60 individuals, including 20 periodontally healthy (control group/group C), 20 with gingivitis (group G), and 20 with Stage III periodontitis (group P), who were systemically healthy and non‐smokers, participated in this study. Periodontal charts were used for recording clinical periodontal parameters and saliva LRG and CRP levels were measured by ELISA. Analyzing the area under the curve (AUC) was performed by the receiver‐operating characteristics curve.ResultsSalivary levels of LRG and CRP were significantly higher in disease groups than in group C (p < .05). Positive statistically significant correlations were observed between both biomarkers and clinical parameters (p < .05). There was also a strong positive correlation between two biomarkers (p < .05). In distinguishing periodontal disease from periodontal health, LRG (AUC = 0.833) and CRP (AUC = 0.826) were found to have similar accuracy (p = .923).ConclusionLRG and CRP may be useful and similarly effective biomarkers in the diagnosis of periodontal diseases based on the findings of this study.
Rebel with a cause: The effects of leadership encouragement and psychological safety on professionals' prosocial rulebreaking behavior
Authors: Bernards Bernard , Schmidt Eduard , Groeneveld Sandra 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA core idea of bureaucratic organizations is that rule‐following is a necessary precondition to pursue the public interest. However, rules may sometimes become dysfunctional, burdensome, and even interfere with public value delivery. In those situations, professionals sometimes engage in prosocial rule‐breaking (PSRB), rather than rule‐following, with the aim to deliver meaningful public services. This article examines leadership encouragement and psychological safety as antecedents of PSRB behavior. Data from two waves of a multi‐source dataset consisting of professionals' self‐reported PSRB behavior and psychological safety (n = 837 and 965 respondents) and their supervisor‐reported encouragement for PSRB behavior (n = 58 and 64 respondents) is used. Findings point to a positive relationship between psychological safety and PSRB. Moreover, the study partly supports the hypothesis that leadership encouragement is associated with higher levels of PSRB, but only under conditions of high psychological safety.
The power of framing: The role of information provision in promoting whistleblowing
Authors: Novaro Riccardo , Nasi Greta , Cucciniello Maria , Grimmelikhuijsen Stephan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhistleblowing policies are seldom effective in inducing civil servants to report misconduct. While current literature focusses more upon the identification of the chief factors that prevent witnesses from reporting, it overlooks potentially effective strategies to stimulate active behavior. In particular, it neglects the framing and impact of information provision. According to the prospect theory, information that frames the consequences of non‐reporting as negative is more effective in enhancing the intention to report misconduct, as opposed to information that frames the consequences of reporting as positive. This study tested these propositions through an online survey experiment targeted at the civil servants of a major European city. We exposed participants to four different frames of economic and psychological consequences of reporting wrongdoing, in order to analyze the impact of various frames upon participants' reporting intentions. The results of this study confirm the relevance of the prospect theory and clearly indicate how the presentation of information affects active behavior.
Transcriptional convergence after repeated duplication of an amino acid transporter gene leads to the independent emergence of the black husk/pericarp trait in barley and rice
Authors: Li Bo , Jia Yong , Xu Le , Zhang Shuo , Long Zhoukai , Wang Rong , Guo Ying , Zhang Wenying , Jiao Chunhai , Li Chengdao , Xu Yanhao 
Published: December 2023

SummaryThe repeated emergence of the same trait (convergent evolution) in distinct species is an interesting phenomenon and manifests visibly the power of natural selection. The underlying genetic mechanisms have important implications to understand how the genome evolves under environmental challenges. In cereal crops, both rice and barley can develop black‐coloured husk/pericarp due to melanin accumulation. However, it is unclear if this trait shares a common origin. Here, we fine‐mapped the barley HvBlp gene controlling the black husk/pericarp trait and confirmed its function by gene silencing. The result was further supported by a yellow husk/pericarp mutant with deletion of the HvBlp gene, derived from gamma ray radiation of the wild‐type W1. HvBlp encodes a putative tyrosine transporter homologous to the black husk gene OsBh4 in rice. Surprisingly, synteny and phylogenetic analyses showed that HvBlp and OsBh4 belonged to different lineages resulted from dispersed and tandem duplications, respectively, suggesting that the black husk/pericarp trait has emerged independently. The dispersed duplication (dated at 21.23 MYA) yielding HvBlp occurred exclusively in the common ancestor of Triticeae. HvBlp and OsBh4 displayed converged transcription in husk/pericarp tissues, contributing to the black husk/pericarp trait. Further transcriptome and metabolome data identified critical candidate genes and metabolites related to melanin production in barley. Taken together, our study described a compelling case of convergent evolution resulted from transcriptional convergence after repeated gene duplication, providing valuable genetic insights into phenotypic evolution. The identification of the black husk/pericarp genes in barley also has great potential in breeding for stress‐resilient varieties with higher nutritional values.
Examining predictors of suicide by firearm in young, middle, and late adulthood
Authors: Docherty Meagan , Kubik Joanna , Drawve Grant 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionSuicide remains a leading cause of death in the U.S., and firearms are one of the most lethal methods of suicide. This study examines personal and contextual factors that predict suicide with a firearm compared to other methods across stages of adulthood.MethodsData on adult suicide decedents from 2009 to 2019 were obtained from Colorado's National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) data (N = 11,512). The dataset includes incident and person characteristics collected by law enforcement and coroners. Zip code level data were integrated from the American Community Survey.ResultsAge, sex, race, marital status, military service, substance use, suicide attempt history, mental health, and location characteristics (population density, as well as age, education, veteran status, and household status of population) predicted suicide by firearm. Risk was particularly high for males in older adulthood. We further explored age‐specific models (young, middle‐aged, and older adults) to determine salient risk factors for each group.ConclusionThis study highlights the need for comprehensive suicide prevention approaches that consider both individual and contextual risk factors, as well as unique risks in each stage of adulthood.
Completion of isoniazid preventive therapy for latent tuberculosis infection among children and adolescents compared to adults living with HIV in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Bidashimwa Dieudonné , Ditekemena John D. , Sigwadhi Lovemore Nyasha , Nkuta Lievain Maluentesa , Engetele Elodie , Kilundu Apolinaire , Chabikuli Otto N. , Nachega Jean B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) completion rates among children or adolescents compared to adults living with HIV in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort analysis including children, adolescents, and adults living with HIV who were treated at FHI360 and partners‐implemented HIV care programs at six health zones in Kinshasa, DRC, from 2004 to 2020. The primary outcome was the proportion of children, adolescents versus adults who did complete 6 months of daily self‐administered IPT. Log‐binomial regression assessed independent predictors of IPT non‐completion and Kaplan–Meier technique for survival analysis.ResultsOf 11,691 eligible patients on ART who initiated IPT, 429 were children (<11 years), 804 adolescents (11–19 years), and 10,458 adults (≥20 years). The median age was 7 (IQR: 3–9) years for children, 15 (IQR: 13–17) years for adolescents, and 43 (35–51) years for adults. Among those who were initiated on IPT, 5625 out of 11,691 people living with HIV (PLHIV) had IPT completion outcome results, and an overall 3457/5625 (61.5%) completion rate was documented. Compared to adults, children and adolescents were less likely to complete IPT [104/199 (52.3%) and 268/525 (51.0%), respectively, vs. 3085/4901 (62.9%)]. After adjustment, the only independent predictors for IPT non‐completion were health zone of residence and type of ART regimen. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed comparable poor survival among patients who completed IPT versus those who did not (p‐value for log‐rank test, 0.15).ConclusionsThe overall sub‐optimal IPT completion rate in adults as well as children/adolescents in this setting is of great concern. Prospective studies are needed to elucidate the specific barriers to IPT completion among children, adolescents, and adults in DRC as well as the scale‐up of evidence‐informed interventions to improve IPT completion, such as adoption of shorter TB preventive regimens.
Arabidopsis thaliana GLYCINE RICH RNA‐BINDING PROTEIN 7 interaction with its iCLIP target LHCB1.1 correlates with changes in RNA stability and circadian oscillation
Authors: Lewinski Martin , Steffen Alexander , Kachariya Nitin , Elgner Mareike , Schmal Christoph , Messini Niki , Köster Tino , Reichel Marlene , Sattler Michael , Zarnack Kathi , Staiger Dorothee 
Published: December 2023

SUMMARYThe importance of RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) for plant responses to environmental stimuli and development is well documented. Insights into the portfolio of RNAs they recognize, however, clearly lack behind the understanding gathered in non‐plant model organisms. Here, we characterize binding of the circadian clock‐regulated Arabidopsis thaliana GLYCINE‐RICH RNA‐BINDING PROTEIN 7 (AtGRP7) to its target transcripts. We identified novel RNA targets from individual‐nucleotide resolution UV crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (iCLIP) data using an improved bioinformatics pipeline that will be broadly applicable to plant RBP iCLIP data. 2705 transcripts with binding sites were identified in plants expressing AtGRP7‐GFP that were not recovered in plants expressing an RNA‐binding dead variant or GFP alone. A conserved RNA motif enriched in uridine residues was identified at the AtGRP7 binding sites. NMR titrations confirmed the preference of AtGRP7 for RNAs with a central U‐rich motif. Among the bound RNAs, circadian clock‐regulated transcripts were overrepresented. Peak abundance of the LHCB1.1 transcript encoding a chlorophyll‐binding protein was reduced in plants overexpressing AtGRP7 whereas it was elevated in atgrp7 mutants, indicating that LHCB1.1 was regulated by AtGRP7 in a dose‐dependent manner. In plants overexpressing AtGRP7, the LHCB1.1 half‐life was shorter compared to wild‐type plants whereas in atgrp7 mutant plants, the half‐life was significantly longer. Thus, AtGRP7 modulates circadian oscillations of its in vivo binding target LHCB1.1 by affecting RNA stability.