bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of LIL-STAT in monocytic leukemia cells and monocytes after stimulation with interleukin-6 or interferon γ
Authors: Lemmink Henny H. , Tuyt Leonore , Knol Gerlinde , Krikke Ellen , Vellenga Edo 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
In acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and adult T-cell leukemia, it has been demonstrated that the transcription factor LIL-STAT is constitutively activated. To identify and characterize this unknown LIL-STAT protein, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and oligoprecipitation assays were performed by using lipopolysaccharide/interleukin-1 (IL-1)–responsive element (LILRE) oligonucleotide probes. EMSA demonstrated a significant increase in LIL-STAT binding to the LILRE oligonucleotides after interferon γ (IFN-γ) and IL-6 stimulation of THP-1 cells. In unstimulated THP-1 and AML cells, LILRE oligonucleotide probes bound only to STAT1 α and β isoforms. The LILRE element showed a significant increase in binding of both α and β isoforms of STAT1 and STAT3 upon IFN-γ and IL-6 stimulation. Similar results were observed with human monocytes upon IL-6 or IFN-γ stimulation. These studies indicate that LIL-STAT consists of STAT1 and STAT3 proteins that bind to the LILRE DNA consensus site in a stimulus-dependent way.
The antitumor ether lipid ET-18-OCH3 induces apoptosis through translocation and capping of Fas/CD95 into membrane rafts in human leukemic cells
Authors: Gajate Consuelo , Mollinedo Faustino 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe antitumor ether lipid ET-18-OCH3 promotes apoptosis in tumor cells through intracellular activation of Fas/CD95. Results of this study showed that ET-18-OCH3 induces cocapping of Fas and membrane rafts, specialized plasma membrane regions involved in signaling, before the onset of apoptosis in human leukemic cells. Patches of membrane rafts accumulated Fas clusters in leukemic cells treated with ET-18-OCH3. Sucrose gradient centrifugation of Triton X-100 cell lysates showed that Fas translocated into membrane rafts following ET-18-OCH3 treatment of T-leukemic Jurkat cells. Disruption of membrane raft integrity by methyl-β-cyclodextrin or filipin inhibited ET-18-OCH3-induced apoptosis in leukemic primary cells and cell lines. Fas clustering was also inhibited by methyl-β-cyclodextrin. These data indicate that ET-18-OCH3 reorganizes membrane rafts to trigger apoptosis in human leukemic cells, and that Fas coaggregation with membrane rafts is required for ET-18-OCH3–induced apoptosis. This translocation of Fas into membrane rafts may provide a mechanism for amplifying Fas signaling by reorganization of membrane microdomains.
Restoration of sensitivity to STI571 in STI571-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Tipping Alex J. , Mahon François X. , Lagarde Valerie , Goldman John M. , Melo Junia V. 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
STI571 induces sustained hematologic remission in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase. However, in advanced phases, especially blast crisis, the leukemia usually becomes resistant within months. It has been investigated whether resistance to STI571 is stable and immutable or whether it can be reversed in selected CML cell lines. Withdrawal of STI571 for varying lengths of time from cultures of 3 resistant lines (K562-r, KCL22-r, and Baf/BCR-ABL–r1) did not restore sensitivity to the inhibitor. In contrast, LAMA84-resistant cells experienced a sharp reduction in survival and proliferation during the first week of STI571 withdrawal but recovered thereafter. Moreover, when left off the inhibitor for 2 months or longer, this cell line reacquired sensitivity to STI571. It is hypothesized, therefore, that patients who have become resistant to the drug may respond again if STI571 therapy is temporarily interrupted.
Neonatal-onset hereditary coproporphyria with male pseudohermaphrodism
Authors: Takeuchi Harue , Kondo Masao , Daimon Makoto , Susa Shinji , Ueoka Katsuhiko , Uemura Osamu , Togari Hajime 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe appearance of hereditary coproporphyria (HCP) before puberty is very rare, and all reported cases of early-onset HCP have been in the homozygous or the compound heterozygous state. Some have been identified as harderoporphyria, which is a rare erythropoietic variant form of HCP. These conditions can be differentiated by molecular analysis because the gene abnormality responsible for harderoporphyria seems to be unique (K404E). Early-onset HCP, not harderoporphyria, is reported with a gene mutation in the heterozygous state and male pseudohermaphrodism. It was shown that adrenal gland hypofunction resulted in male pseudohermaphrodism. This case demonstrates the possibility that abnormalities of steroid metabolism influence porphyria.
Gene Expression Patterns in Calorically Restricted Mice: Partial Overlap with Long-Lived Mutant Mice
Authors: Miller Richard A. , Chang Yayi , Galecki Andrzej T. , Al-Regaiey Khalid , Kopchick John J. , Bartke Andrzej 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
To gain insight into the pathways by which caloric restriction (CR) slows aging, gene expression levels were assessed for each of 2352 genes in the livers of 9-month-old CR and control mice. A total of 352 genes were found to be significantly increased or decreased by CR. The distribution of affected genes among functional classes was similar to the distribution of genes within the test set. Surprisingly, a disruption or knockout of the gene for the GH receptor (GHR-KO), which also produces life extension, had a much smaller effect on gene expression, with no more than 10 genes meeting the selection criterion. There was, however, an interaction between the GHR-KO mutation and the CR diet: the effects of CR on gene expression were significantly lower in GHR-KO mice than in control mice. Of the 352 genes altered significantly by CR, 29 had shown a significant and parallel alteration in expression in a previous study of liver gene expression that compared mice of the long-lived Snell dwarf stock (dw/dw) to controls. These 29 genes, altered both by CR and in dwarf mice, provide a list of biochemical features common to both models of delayed aging, and thus merit confirmation and more detailed study.
Recognizing and assessing pain, suffering and distress in laboratory animals: a survey of current practice in the UK with recommendations
Authors: Hawkins Penny 
Published: October 2002

A survey was undertaken to evaluate how animal pain, suffering and distress are recognized and assessed in UK scientific procedure establishments designated under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986. A total of 28 institutions were visited between June 1999 and April 2001, within which 137 people were interviewed including scientists, veterinarians and animal technicians. All 28 establishments use clinical observation sheets to assist the recognition of adverse effects, nine use score sheets and seven use computerized data management systems. Clinical signs used as indicators of potential pain, suffering or distress are largely subjective. The survey also addressed protocols and methods for avoiding and alleviating adverse effects, record keeping, review of policies and protocols and issues relating to team work and training. Respondents use a range of techniques for reducing suffering including analgesia, humane endpoints, ensuring competence and refining husbandry. All establishments review projects regularly but few have the time or resources formally to review adverse effects noted in practice and to compare observations with predictions made in licence applications. Training is very consistent between different establishments and most aim to achieve a 'team approach' for monitoring and assessing animals. Results are summarized in the present, abridged paper and set out in full in a report that can be downloaded at http://www.lal.org.uk/pain/(Hawkins 2002). The present paper and the full report, including its recommendations, are intended to provide a source of information, discussion topics and ideas for all establishments that need to monitor animal well-being.
Impact of environmental enrichment in mice. 1: Effect of housing conditions on body weight, organ weights and haematology in different strains
Authors: Tsai P.-P. , Pachowsky U. , Stelzer H. D. , Hackbarth H. 
Published: October 2002

Currently, environmental enrichment is a very common means of improving animal well-being, especially for laboratory animals. Although environmental enrichment seems to be a possible way for improving the well-being of animals, the consideration of housing laboratory animals should not only focus solely on animal well-being, manpower and economics but also on the precision and accuracy of the experimental results. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of enriched cages (nest box, nesting material, climbing bar) on body weight, haematological data and final organ weights. BALB/c, C57BL/6 and A/J mice, originated from Harlan Winkelmann, were used for the experiments - 16 animals of each strain. Animals at 3 weeks of age were marked and separated randomly to enriched or non-enriched cages, in groups of four, half for each housing condition. Both cages were type III Makrolon cages, only the enriched cages contained a nest box, a wood bar for climbing and nesting material. Animals were kept in a clean animal room under specific pathogen free (SPF) conditions. Body weights were recorded every week. Blood samples were collected at 14 weeks of age (white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin (HGB), and haematocrit (HCT) were analysed). At 15 weeks of age, the animals were euthanized by CO2 in their home cages, and final body weight and organ weights (heart, liver, kidney, adrenal, spleen and uterus) were recorded immediately. Although nearly all the test variables were not affected by environmental enrichment in their mean values, the enriched group showed higher coefficients of variation in many variables, and strain differences of both housing conditions were not consistent. The influences of enrichment were shown to be strain- and test-dependent. Such effects may lead to an increase in the number of animals which is necessary or may change the experimental results, especially when a study, using enriched housing conditions, focuses on strain differences. Since the same enrichment design can result in different influences, a positive or a negative or no adverse effect, due to the strain and the variables studied, researchers need to collect more information before enrichment designs are introduced into experimental plans.
Tracking the merger: the human experience
Authors: Shaw Jane 
Published: October 2002

Research in two recently merged teaching hospitals has studied the effects of merger on the organizational culture of the hospitals and individual staff. Organizational culture is both a tool for managers introducing change and also an observable indicator of change, and hospitals have particularly strong cultures. After reviewing different approaches to analysing culture, and adopting Hofstede's six-dimensional model, the researchers describe one hospital as an aggressive, entrepreneurial, results-oriented organization, with a loosely controlled, devolved management, high expectations of staff and limited participation in decision making. The other is described as a tightly controlled, centralized and paternalistic organization, concerned for its staff and open to dialogue, with a principled commitment to partnership. The management's vision for the new trust combines elements of both cultures. In studying the effects of the merger on staff, the research documents individuals' journey through the merger experience, using Stuart's 'map' of the processes of change. The principal experiences are categorized as sensing, worry work, positioning, shock, hoping and sharing, holding on, letting go, moving, and moving on or away. Individuals' perceptions of the changing hospital cultures show a slow convergence but with new 'fault lines' opening up in the organization.
Adaptive state feedback control by orthogonal approximation functions
Authors: Del Vecchio D. , Marino R. , Tomei P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFor a class of feedback linearizable systems a state feedback adaptive control based on orthogonal approximation functions is designed, under the assumption of matching conditions for the uncertainties and of known bounds on a given compact set for the unknown non‐linear function. By virtue of Bessel inequality, the bound on the unknown non‐linear function gives a bound on the norm of the optimal weight vector for any choice of the number of approximating functions, which allows us to design a robust state feedback adaptive scheme with parameter projections. The resulting control algorithm has several advantages over available schemes: it does not requirea prioribounds on the approximation error and on the optimal weight vector; it is repeatable, since the set of initial conditions for the state and the parameter estimates from which a class of reference signals is tracked is explicitly given; it characterizes theL∞andL2performance of the tracking error in terms of both the approximation and the parameter estimation error; it gives full flexibility in the choice of the number of approximating orthogonal functions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of maturation, sex, and body fat in cardiorespiratory fitness
Authors: Mota Jorge , Guerra Sandra , Leandro Carol , Pinto Armando , Ribeiro JosÉ C. , Duarte JosÉ A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe aims of this cross‐sectional study were 1) to estimate changes in body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness across stages of pubertal maturation, and 2) to describe the relationship between maturity status and body fatness, regional fat distribution, and cardiorespiratory fitness. The sample consisted of 494 children (254 males, 240 females), 8–16 years of age. Height and weight were measured with standard anthropometric methods. Percentage of fat (%F) was estimated from two skinfold thicknesses and regional fat distribution was estimated by the ratio of the subscapular to the triceps skinfold (S/T ratio). Biological maturity was based on self‐assessment of breast stages in females and pubic hair stages in males. A maximal multistage 20‐m shuttle run was used to predict maximal aerobic capacity from maximal aerobic speed. Both VO2max and 20SRT‐time were used as indicators of cardiorespiratory fitness. ANCOVA with age as the covariate was used. There were significant differences among girls across pubertal stages. Among boys, only weight and height differed significantly by stage of maturity. When adjusted for maturity status, cardiorespiratory fitness expressed either as VO2/kg body mass or 20SRT‐time was inversely associated with %F in both sexes. This suggests that sexual maturity status alone accounts for a small portion of the variance in aerobic fitness. Height, %F and the S/T ratio were also significantly associated with VO2/kg body mass and 20SRT‐time. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:707–712, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved rig for dynamically calibrating skinfold calipers: Comparison between Harpenden and Slim Guide instruments
Authors: Hewitt G.B. , Withers R.T. , Brooks A.G. , Woods G.F. , Day L.A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article describes an improved rig for the dynamic calibration of skinfold calipers. The new unit is 5% lighter and almost 60% smaller than its predecessor (Carlyon et al., 1996, 1998) with a 9.5 mm solid aluminium base and a quick release caliper mount providing stability to both the rig and caliper. Automation of the gap controller with an electric motor standardizes the jaw opening and closing velocity, thereby enabling hands‐free operation. Frictional losses in the moving components of the rig have been reduced by replacing the main bush of the swing arm with a bearing, reducing the mass of the swing arm, adding a support wheel to the end of the swing arm, and replacing fishing swivels with a universal joint to allow for changes in the opening screw angle as the caliper's arm moves through its arc. This rig can also be adapted to different types of calipers by changing the position of the load cell, microswitches, and the caliper mount. A universal mounting bracket that can be secured to almost any table supports the rig in a vertical plane when calibrating the load cell. To demonstrate the versatility of the calibration rig, preliminary data are presented for the upscale and downscale jaw pressures of seven Harpenden and seven Slim Guide calipers. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:721–727, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association between bone mineral density (DXA), body structure, and body composition in middle‐aged men
Authors: Langendonck Leen Van , Claessens Albrecht L. , Lefevre Johan , Thomis Martine , Philippaerts Renaat , Delvaux Katrien , Lysens Roeland , Eynde Bavo Vanden , Beunen Gaston 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe association between bone mass, body structure, and body composition was explored in 156 men, 40 years of AGE. Bone mineral density (total body, lumbar spine, left arm, and left leg) was obtained by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA; Hologic QDR 4500A). Body structure was determined from a battery of anthropometric dimensions with a principal components analysis. Body composition was estimated with DXA. From the 24 anthropometric dimensions, three components were extracted and identified as muscle, fat, and skeletal length. Significant correlations between the muscle component and all BMD measurements (r = 0.28–0.44) were obtained. Except for BMD of the left arm, which correlated significantly, but negatively, with the fat component (r = −0.16), no significant relations were found between the fat component and BMD. There were significant correlations between lean mass, fat mass, and BMD measurements. The correlations were higher between lean mass and BMD (r = 0.22–0.44) than between fat mass and BMD (r = 0.08–0.24). The multiple regression analysis revealed that except for BMD of the left arm only lean mass or the muscle component, and not fat mass or the fat component, were independent predictors of BMD. It is concluded that the principal anthropometric determinant of BMD in middle‐aged men is lean mass or muscle. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:735–742, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Age‐related pattern of body density and body composition of Japanese men and women 18–59 years of age
Authors: Tahara Y. , Moji K. , Aoyagi K. , Tsunawake N. , Muraki S. , Mascie‐Taylor C.G.N. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAge‐related patterns of body size and composition were studied in a cross‐sectional sample of Japanese adults 18–59 years of age. Height, weight, the body mass index (BMI), body density (BD), percentage body fat (%Fat), fat mass (FM), fat‐free mass (FFM), and the sum of seven skinfold thicknesses (SF) of 288 men and 552 women were considered. Body density was measured by underwater weighing densitometry. Mean values of height, weight, BMI, BD, %Fat, FM, FFM, and SF of males were 169.0 cm, 65.3 kg, 22.8 kg/m2, 1.0600 g/ml, 17.0%, 11.4 kg, 53.9 kg, and 95.0 mm, respectively, while corresponding values for females were 157.4 cm, 52.9 kg, 21.4 kg/m2, 1.0420 g/ml, 24.4%, 13.1 kg, 39.7 kg, and 128.2 mm, respectively. Height, BD, and FFM correlated negatively with age in both sexes, while weight, BMI, %Fat, FM, and SF correlated positively with age. The highest BD and the lowest %Fat were observed in males ages 20 to <25 years (G20) and in females 25 to <30 years (G25). The lowest BD and highest %Fat were observed in G50 in both sexes. Correlations among parameters of body size and composition were stable with age in each sex. Height correlated negatively with BMI and %Fat in females, but not in males. In males, FM started to increase between G20 and G25 and continued to increase until G50, while SF and BMI remained stable during this period. In females, FM accumulation started around 30 years of age and continued until G50 and was accompanied by increases in SF and BMI. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:743–752, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is obesity associated with poor sleep quality in adolescents?
Authors: Gupta Neeraj K. , Mueller William H. , Chan Wenyaw , Meininger Janet C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObesity has reached epidemic proportions in the U.S. and more developed countries, particularly so among adolescents. A substantial impact on public health could be achieved if other factors causing obesity besides the conventional ones of diet and physical activity could be identified and acted upon. The present study investigates whether there is a link between low sleep quality and obesity in a tri‐ethnic, cross‐sectional sample (n = 383) of male and female adolescents ages 11–16 years old (Heartfelt Study). Sleep quality was expressed as two variables, total sleep time and sleep disturbance time obtained by 24‐hour wrist actigraphy. Percent body fat and body mass index (BMI) were used together to define obesity. The potential influence of demographic and behavioral confounders were considered in models that described the relation of sleep to obesity occurrence. Obese adolescents experienced less sleep than nonobese adolescents (P < 0.01). For each hour of lost sleep, the odds of obesity increased by 80%. Sleep disturbance was not directly related to obesity in the sample, but influenced physical activity level (P < 0.01). Daytime physical activity diminished by 3% for every hour increase in sleep disturbance. The above observations were independent of potential confounding variables. Inadequate and poor sleep quality in adolescents may be important factors to consider in the prevention of childhood obesity. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:762–768, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth pattern of overweight preschool children in the Siouxland WIC Program
Authors: May Richard , Barber Jackie , Simpson Tracy , Winders Nicole , Kuhler Karen , Schroeder Sharon 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDemographic, nutritional, and anthropometric data were collected from 134 preschool children enrolled in the Siouxland Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). All children were diagnosed as overweight between the ages of 8 months and 3 years. Weight and length/height z‐scores were calculated for birth measurements and for postnatal measurements up to 3 years. The main hypothesis involved stability of weight and length/height z‐scores between successive WIC visits. Average changes in z‐scores between measurements were calculated and tested for significance using paired t‐tests. Multiple regression analysis was used to test relationships between changes in weight z‐scores and demographic/nutritional characteristics. The overweight group had a higher percentage of Hispanic children than the total Siouxland WIC population. Overweight children were also significantly different in terms of birthweight, monthly household income, number in the house, and mother's education level. The children displayed a large average increase in weight z‐scores between birth and 8 months (P < 0.001). Weight z‐scores also increased significantly between 12 and 30 months. Length z‐scores increased significantly between 18 and 30 months but remained lower than weight z‐scores. Initial weight, sex of child, breastfeeding, and household size were significantly related to changes in weight z‐scores among overweight children. Results of recent studies suggest that rapid weight gain in infancy may increase the risk of overweight during later childhood. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:769–776, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.