bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and insulin‐like growth factor receptor‐1 and of MIB‐1 in patients with recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland
Authors: Glas Afina S. , Hollema Harry , Nap Raoul E. , Plukker John T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatients with recurrent pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland are difficult to manage without considerable risk of facial nerve injury. The prognostic significance of progesterone receptor (PR) and estrogen receptor (ER) reported in these adenomas was evaluated in patients with recurrent pleomorphic adenomas, comparing the results in a group of patients with primary adenomas without recurrences during 10 years of follow‐up.METHODSParaffin embedded tumor samples from 52 patients with recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland were collected and stained immunohistochemically. Expression of PR, ER, Ki‐67 antigen, and insulin‐like growth factor receptor‐1 (IGFR‐1) was analyzed in resected samples of recurrent tumors and was compared with samples from a control group of patients with primary pleomorphic adenoma.RESULTSA difference (P < 0.05) in the type of tumor was observed between the recurrent group (more cell‐poor variants) and the control group. ER expression was low in both groups (19% and 17%, respectively), but immunoreactivity for ER was higher (48%) in normal parotid gland tissue. PR expression in the recurrent group (96%) was higher compared with PR expression in the control group (61%; P < 0.001). PR expression and IGFR‐1 expression were correlated weakly (correlation coefficient = 0.660; P = 0.053) in the recurrent group. The expression of growth fraction (Ki‐67 score) and IGFR‐1 was similar in both groups but was more extensive compared with normal parotid gland tissue.CONCLUSIONSPR seems to be a prognostic factor in recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland. The PR pathway can be considered a potential target for hormone treatment in patients with these recurrent adenomas. Cancer 2002;94:2211–16. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10445
Basic organization of projections from the oval and fusiform nuclei of the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis in adult rat brain
Authors: Dong Hong‐Wei , Petrovich Gorica D. , Watts Alan G. , Swanson Larry W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe organization of axonal projections from the oval and fusiform nuclei of the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BST) was characterized with the Phaseolus vulgaris‐leucoagglutinin (PHAL) anterograde tracing method in adult male rats. Within the BST, the oval nucleus (BSTov) projects very densely to the fusiform nucleus (BSTfu) and also innervates the caudal anterolateral area, anterodorsal area, rhomboid nucleus, and subcommissural zone. Outside the BST, its heaviest inputs are to the caudal substantia innominata and adjacent central amygdalar nucleus, retrorubral area, and lateral parabrachial nucleus. It generates moderate inputs to the caudal nucleus accumbens, parasubthalamic nucleus, and medial and ventrolateral divisions of the periaqueductal gray, and it sends a light input to the anterior parvicellular part of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and nucleus of the solitary tract. The BSTfu displays a much more complex projection pattern. Within the BST, it densely innervates the anterodorsal area, dorsomedial nucleus, and caudal anterolateral area, and it moderately innervates the BSTov, subcommissural zone, and rhomboid nucleus. Outside the BST, the BSTfu provides dense inputs to the nucleus accumbens, caudal substantia innominata and central amygdalar nucleus, thalamic paraventricular nucleus, hypothalamic paraventricular and periventricular nuclei, hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus, perifornical lateral hypothalamic area, and lateral tegmental nucleus. Moderately dense inputs are found in the parastrial, tuberal, dorsal raphé, and parabrachial nuclei and in the retrorubral area, ventrolateral division of the periaqueductal gray, and pontine central gray. Light projections end in the olfactory tubercle, lateral septal nucleus, posterior basolateral amygdalar nucleus, supramammillary nucleus, and nucleus of the solitary tract. These and other results suggest that the BSTov and BSTfu are basal telencephalic parts of a circuit that coordinates autonomic, neuroendocrine, and ingestive behavioral responses during stress. J. Comp. Neurol. 436:430–455, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of active caspase‐3 in mitotic and postmitotic cells of the rat forebrain
Authors: Yan Xiao‐Xin , Najbauer Joseph , Woo Cynthia C. , Dashtipour Khashayar , Ribak Charles E. , Leon Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractActive caspase‐3 immunoreactivity was detected in the rat forebrain proliferative regions at birth and remained high in these areas for about 2 weeks, during which period labeled cells were present centroperipherally across the olfactory bulb. By the end of the third postnatal week, only a small number of immunolabeled cells remained in these forebrain structures. Active caspase‐3 immunolabeling was localized mostly to cell nuclei and co‐localized partially with TuJ1 and NeuN immunoreactivity, but not with glial fibrially acidic protein, OX‐42, γ‐aminobutyric acid, or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL)‐positive labeling. Active caspase‐3 and 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) double‐labeled nuclei were seen in the proliferative regions after 2 hours and in the periglomerular region of the bulb after 7 days following BrdU injections. Examination of the cells with electron microscopy confirmed that the active caspase‐3‐containing nuclei in the proliferative regions often had infoldings and appeared to be undergoing division. Some of the cells with active caspase‐3‐labeled nuclei in the bulb had synapses on their somata or dendrites. Labeled dendritic spines and a few axon terminals were also observed in the olfactory bulb. Taken together, it appears that a wave of active caspase‐3‐positive cells are dividing in the proliferative zones and then migrating to the bulb as they differentiate into neurons. Therefore, active caspase‐3 may play a role in cellular processes such as neuronal differentiation, migration, and plasticity, in addition to its role in cell death. J. Comp. Neurol. 433:4–22, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3‐D mixed‐mode K‐calculations with the interaction integral method and the quarter point element stress method
Authors: Dhondt G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe K‐distribution along a straight crack in a single edge notch specimen and a slant crack in a three‐point bending specimen is determined using the interaction integral method (IINT) and the quarter point element stress method (QPES). The results are discussed and recommendations for the proper use of both methods are given. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new triangular element for the analysis of thick and thin plates
Authors: Sheikh A. H. , Dey P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new triangular element based on Reissner–Mindlin's plate theory is presented. It has three corner nodes and three mid‐side nodes where each node contains three usual degrees of freedom, i.e. transverse displacement (w) and rotations of the normal to the plate middle plane due to bending and shear (θx and θy). The element formulation is based on displacement approach and it is done in such a manner, which has made the element free from shear locking and spurious modes. This is achieved through proper selection of displacement field and its representation. It contains transverse displacement (w) and rotations of normal due to shear (γx and γy). The concept of taking γx and γy as independent displacement components instead of θx and θy has helped to develop such an element. The performance of the element is tested through numerical examples. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accounting for stability: a posteriori error estimates based on residuals and variational analysis
Authors: Estep Donald , Holst Michael , Mikulencak Duane 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA posteriori error estimates have had a major impact on adaptive error control for the finite element method. In this paper, we review a relatively new approach to a posteriori error estimation based on residuals and a variational analysis. This approach is distinguished by a direct attempt to account for the effects of stability on the propagation of error. We illustrate properties of this approach using several examples. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectral power distributions for the CIE stimuli
Authors: Hawkyard C. J. , de M Bezerra C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe CIE reference colour stimuli, X, Y, and Z, were derived by constructing a triangle outside the R,G,B triangle and outside the area bounded by the spectrum locus and the purple line. By this means, all colours, including monochromatic ones, have positive tristimulus values. The colour‐matching functions are the relative quantities of these stimuli required to be mixed additively to match the equal energy monochromatic colours. The stimuli are not realizable as light sources, and the CIE has not specified their spectral power distributions. There is an infinite number of spectral power distributions whose properties meet the prerequisites for X (X = 100, Y = 0, Z = 0), Y (0, 100, 0), and Z (0, 0, 100), and two possible sets have been calculated by different methods. These curves could be used as primary red, green, and blue lights in additive mixing to produce synthetic reflectance curves, which are useful in the specification of on‐screen colours, and as a means of producing colour constant standards. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 26, 478–482, 2001
Strong types for coordinating active objects
Authors: Puntigam Franz 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn object type is usually regarded as a contract between an object and each of its clients. However, in concurrent (and sometimes also in sequential) systems it is more useful to regard a type as a contract between an object and the set of all clients: when the object acts as a shared resource, the clients must be coordinated before sending messages to the object. Process types of active objects specify constraints on the ordering of messages. Static type checking ensures proper coordination of clients so that objects receive messages only in acceptable orderings. As presented in this article, the process type system is based on a simple computation model where active objects communicate via asynchronous message passing. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of individual cell Michaelis‐Menten constants
Authors: Sunray Merav , Zurgil Naomi , Shafran Yana , Deutsch Mordechai 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundA novel methodology for the measurement and analysis of apparent KM (Michaelis‐Menten constant) and VMAX values of individual cells is suggested. It is based on a mathematical model that considers substrate influx into the cell, its intracellular enzymatic hydrolysis, and the product efflux. The mathematical formulation was approximated linearly in order to analyze intracellular substrate conversion characteristics via Michaelis‐Menten theory.MethodsUtilizing static cytometry, the time dependence of the fluorescence intensity [FI(t)] emitted from prelocalized and defined FDA stained cells was recorded. This required frequent periodical measurements of the same cells, which are sequentially exposed to various fluorogenic substrate concentrations.ResultsModel simulations correlated with experimental results. Differences in distributions of individual KM and VMAX values of cells incubated with and without PHA were evident. Average KM and VMAX values of PHA‐stimulated cells increased by 99% and 540%, respectively.ConclusionsThis study may provide a tool for assessing intracellular enzymatic activity in individual intact cells under defined physiologic conditions. This may open new vistas in various areas, giving answers to critical questions arising in the field of cell and developmental biology, immunology, oncology, and pharmacology. Cytometry 47:8–16, 2002. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crush preparation findings of “sarcomatoid” chordoma of the sacrum: Report of a case with histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural correlation
Authors: Ng W.K. , Tang V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report on the crush preparation findings of a case of “sarcomatoid” chordoma occurring in the sacral region of a 78‐yr‐old Chinese male. The smears showed clumps and small cords of polygonal tumor cells containing bubbly cytoplasm and round to oval nuclei. Focally, there were also aggregates of long filamentous spindle cells and stellate bizarre cells with marked nuclear pleomorphism. Occasional tumor cells were seen in association with dense amorphous material. Histologic examination of the excised specimen showed features of the so‐called “sarcomatoid” chordoma which consisted of prominent foci of mitotically inactive spindle and pleomorphic cells, in addition to the conventional chordoma areas. An osteosarcoma‐like pattern of probably metaplastic nature was also seen within the tumor. Immunohistochemical study showed that most tumor cells expressed cytokeratins. Ultrastructural examination revealed the characteristic rough endoplasmic reticulum‐mitochondria complexes. While there are many spindle and pleomorphic cells seen in crush preparations, the distinction from other true high‐grade malignancies is important. Recognition of these “pseudoanaplastic” cytologic features also helps to expand the morphologic spectrum of chordoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:406–410, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunocytochemical expression of E‐cadherin on fine‐needle aspirates from breast carcinomas correlate with the cell dissociation pattern seen on smears
Authors: Sauer Torill , Boudjema Ghania , Jebsen Peter W. , Næss Oddvar 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAltered E‐cadherin expression has been suggested to be of prognostic significance in breast cancers and to correlate with tumor subtype and grade. A dysfunctional, intercellular adhesion system may be responsible for the tumor cell dissociation pattern seen on fine‐needle aspirate cytology (FNAC). The aim of our study was to determine E‐cadherin expression on direct FNAC smears from breast carcinomas and compare the results with the dyscohesion grade of the tumor cells and the cytological grading. The material consisted of FNAs from 56 breast carcinomas. The degree of cellular cohesion was estimated semiquantitatively. Full expression of E‐cadherin was defined as a complete and strong membrane staining of virtually all tumor cells. All nonductal as well as 85% of the invasive ductal carcinomas revealed reduced expression or negativity for E‐cadherin. In all, 25% of carcinomas with dyscohesion Grade 1 (mainly in groups) revealed full expression of E‐cadherin, in contrast to 12.5% of tumors with dyscohesion Grade 3 (mainly dispersed cells). Nuclear positivity was seen in 21% of the tumors (12 cases) and seven of these were G3 ductal carcinomas. In conclusion, E‐cadherin expression correlated with the cell dissociation pattern seen on direct smears from FNAC of breast carcinomas, but is only one of several markers that modulate this pattern. High‐grade carcinomas rarely revealed full expression and had a high incidence of aberrant nuclear localization of E‐cadherin. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:382–388, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rhinosporidiosis of the parotid duct cyst: Cytomorphological diagnosis of an unusual extranasal presentation
Authors: Kini Usha , Amirtham Usha , Shetty Subhas Chandra , Balasubramanya A.M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis cytology report highlights a case of rhinosporidiosis of the parotid duct cyst not associated with nasal manifestations. In an endemic area, one should be familiar with its morphologic features in fine‐needle aspiration cytology even on scanty material, for it could be one of the investigations in the initial workup of a case. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:244–247, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serous fluid cytology as a means of detecting hemophagocytosis in Epstein‐Barr virus‐induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Authors: Zaharopoulos Paul 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe case of a 22‐yr‐old male who after a brief febrile episode developed autoimmune hemolytic anemia and right pulmonary infiltrate with pleural effusion is presented. Cytologic examination of the pleural fluid revealed lymphocytosis and hemophagocytosis, primarily of red blood cells (RBCs) by mature histiocytes. There was accompanying splenomegaly, laboratory evidence of hepatic dysfunction, and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. Besides profound reduction of red blood cells in the peripheral blood, there was reduction of lymphocytes and platelets. As a neoplastic process was ruled out by bone marrow and pleural biopsies, the disease was considered to be virus‐induced and was halted and progressively regressed with early institution of vigorous antiinflammatory therapy with adrenocortical steroids. Upon reviewing the case, examination of the bone marrow biopsy disclosed limited hemophagocytosis of RBCs and lymphocytes by histiocytes and considerable viral cytopathic effect on hematopoietic cells (red and white cell precursors and megakaryocytes), which by appropriate immunolabelling was identified as induced by Epstein‐Barr virus. A virus‐related acquired hemophagocytic syndrome in its early stages was probably present, yet an undesirable clinical outcome was averted by early institution of vigorous steroid therapy. The need to recognize early hemophagocytic changes in cytologic specimens for early institution of appropriate therapy is emphasized. The possibility of erythrophagocytosis, also manifested during the course of an autoimmune hemolytic process and unrelated to hemophagocytic syndrome, is discussed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:248–252, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of an intra‐abdominal inflammatory mass secondary to a penetrating duodenal ulcer mimicking neoplasm
Authors: Mai Ann L. , Mai Kien T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPeptic ulcers complicated by penetration into the surrounding tissue and presenting as an intra‐abdominal mass simulating a malignancy are uncommon. We report on a case of a 56‐yr‐old physician with a 40‐yr history of peptic disease. Due to recent and transitory right flank pain, an ultrasound then a computed tomography scan demonstrated a 4‐cm retropancreatic mass. A fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the mass showed an acute and chronic inflammatory exudate. After a course of medical treatment for peptic ulcer disease and 5 mo after the biopsy, the mass remarkably decreased in size. In view of the clinical and FNAB findings, the lesion likely developed as a result of penetration of the duodenal ulcer into the retropancreatic space. Awareness of this uncommon complication of peptic gastroduodenal ulcer disease is helpful in the diagnosis of this benign lesion. A failure in making a firm diagnosis by considering the aspirate material as nonrepresentative may lead to an unnecessary repeat biopsy or an invasive procedure. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:301–302, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overview of P2Y receptors as therapeutic targets
Authors: Boeynaems Jean‐Marie , Robaye Bernard , Janssens Rodolphe , Suarez‐Huerta Nathalie , Communi Didier 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCurrently the only P2Y receptor subtype targeted by drugs in clinical use is the P2TAC (or P2Y12) receptor, which has been recently cloned and is only distantly related to other P2Y subtypes. It is believed that the active metabolites of thienopyridine antithrombotic agents (ticlopidine, clopidogrel) bind covalently to that receptor and inactivate it in an irreversible way. The same receptor is also the target of competitive antagonists derived from ATP, such as AR‐C69931MX. Other subtypes also have potential as pharmacotherapeutic targets. The demonstration that P2Y1–/– mice have a defective platelet aggregation and increased resistance to thromboembolism suggests that P2Y1 antagonists could constitute a new class of antithrombotic agents. Activation of the P2Y2 receptor by aerosolized UTP and derivatives constitutes one strategy for the symptomatic treatment of cystic fibrosis and other obstructive airway diseases. The study of P2Y2–/– mice suggests that P2Y4 and P2Y6 receptors might constitute additional targets in that framework. P2Y6 receptor antagonists might be useful in inflammatory bowel disease in view of their expression on activated T lymphocytes infiltrating the lesions in patients. The P2Y11 receptor mediates the stimulatory effect of ATP on the granulocytic differentiation of HL‐60 promyelocytic leukemia cells, suggesting that P2Y11 agonists might be useful in the treatment of some forms of neutropenia and leukemia. Drug Dev. Res. 52:187–189, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular mechanism of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: role of the insulin receptor variant forms
Authors: Sesti Giorgio , Federici Massimo , Lauro Davide , Sbraccia Paolo , Lauro Renato 
Published: August 2002

AbstractType 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous and polygenic disorder resulting from interaction of genetic factors with environmental influences. Numerous candidate genes for insulin signaling proteins have been screened, but no single major susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes has been identified. Due to its pivotal role in insulin action, the insulin receptor was considered a plausible candidate gene. The insulin receptor exists in two isoforms differing by the absence (Ex11−) or presence (Ex11+) of a 12 amino acid sequence in the COOH‐terminus of the α‐subunit, as a consequence of alternative splicing of exon 11. The Ex11− binds insulin with two‐fold higher affinity than the Ex11+. This difference is paralleled by a decreased sensitivity for metabolic actions of insulin. Some, but not all, studies have reported that expression of the low‐affinity Ex11+ is increased in target tissues from type 2 diabetic patients, thus suggesting that alterations in abundance of the two isoforms might contribute to insulin resistance. Insulin and type 1 IGF receptors have been shown to form hybrid receptors in tissues co‐expressing both molecules. Hybrid receptors bind IGF‐I, but not insulin, with high affinity, and behave as IGF‐I holoreceptors, rather than insulin receptors, in terms of receptor autophosphorylation, and hormone internalization. It has been shown that the abundance of hybrid receptors is increased in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue from type 2 diabetic patients, and is negatively correlated with in vivo insulin sensitivity. Mutations in the insulin receptor gene have been identified in studies which examined an appropriately sized population of patients with type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of mutations in the insulin receptor gene ranged from 0.4%–7.8%. This review will focus on the structural and functional heterogeneity of the insulin receptor, and will discuss the pathogenetic role of insulin receptor variant forms and polymorphisms in the development of the common form of type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.