bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of nonparametric estimators of the expected number of recurrent events
Authors: Erdmann Alexandra , Beyersmann Jan , Bluhmki Erich 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe compare the performance of nonparametric estimators for the mean number of recurrent events and provide a systematic overview for different recurrent event settings. The mean number of recurrent events is an easily interpreted marginal feature often used for treatment comparisons in clinical trials. Incomplete observations, dependencies between successive events, terminating events acting as competing risk, or gaps between at risk periods complicate the estimation. We use survival multistate models to represent different complex recurrent event situations, profiting from recent advances in nonparametric estimation for non‐Markov multistate models, and explain several estimators by using multistate intensity processes, including the common Nelson–Aalen‐type estimators with and without competing mortality. In addition to building on estimation of state occupation probabilities in non‐Markov models, we consider a simple extension of the Nelson–Aalen estimator by allowing for dependence on the number of prior recurrent events. We pay particular attention to the assumptions required for the censoring mechanism, one issue being that some settings require the censoring process to be entirely unrelated while others allow for state‐dependent or event‐driven censoring. We conducted extensive simulation studies to compare the estimators in various complex situations with recurrent events. Our practical example deals with recurrent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations in a clinical study, which will also be used to illustrate two‐sample‐inference using resampling.
System modelling: Exploring engineering students perceptions and learning outcomes
Authors: Amida Ademola , Hung Woei , Algarni Sameera 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study explored the students' perceptions and key learning outcomes with the use of system modelling (SM) instructional strategy. Specifically, the study sought to understand students' perceptions and experiences with the use of SM in enhancing their conceptual and application knowledge, as well as problem‐solving and system thinking skills. The study employed a qualitative inquiry approach to gain insight into engineering students' experiences. Data were collected using semi‐structured interviews and students' artefacts, including problem‐solving surveys and modelling diagrams. Overall, the findings indicated promising effects of the SM approach on students' learning outcomes. Seven major themes emerged from the interview data, including problem diagnosis, interconnection, linearity, external representation, wholeness, organized problem‐solving approach and systematic process. The problem‐solving inventory survey responses indicated that participants believed that the SM approach enhanced their problem‐solving skills. Furthermore, the model diagram analysis suggested that all participants showed moderate gain in system thinking skills after the SM strategy. This paper presents these findings and the pedagogical implications for engineering education.
Since the Centennial: New Departures in the Scholarship on the Armenian Genocide, 2015–2021
Authors: Suny Ronald Grigor 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAfter the explosion of writing on the Armenian Genocide in the centennial year, 2015, scholars have steadily produced new research and writing on the events of 1915–1916 in the late Ottoman Empire that have deepened our understanding of the trajectories and tragedies of those years. While a comprehensive review of everything published would require a small monograph, this chapter will review several important but diverse recent contributions: Hans-Lukacs Kieser, Talaat Pasha: Father of Modern Turkey, Architect of Genocide (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018); Benny Morris and Dror Ze’evi, The Thirty-Year Genocide: Turkey’s Destruction of its Christian Minorities, 1894–1924 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2019); Ümit Kurt, The Armenians of Aintab: The Economics of Genocide in an Ottoman Province (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2021); and Harry Harootunian, The Unspoken Heritage: The Armenian Genocide and its Unaccounted Lives (Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2019).The chapter will begin with a review of the historiography on the Armenian Genocide as of 2015. Scholarship produced during the last twenty-five years has essentially routed the denialist interpretation and established a firm foundation for understanding the ethnic cleansing, forced assimilation, property confiscations, and mass killing of Armenians and Assyrians as a genocide. The work of Raymond Kévorkian, Taner Akçam, Fatma Müge Goçek, Hilmar Kaiser, Hans-Lukas Kieser, Richard Hovannisian and his students, among them Stephan Astourian, and many Turkish, Kurdish, and Armenian colleagues in Turkey has been essential. The Workshop for Armenian/Turkish Scholarship (WATS) has been an ongoing effort on the part of a number of scholars—Armenian, Turkish and other—to investigate the causes, circumstances and consequences of the Armenian Genocide of 1915, overcoming the politics of recognition and denial. The historical record has been made, although political and polemical campaigns against truth and accurate and evidenced historical knowledge continue both in Turkey and elsewhere.The chapter will explore what is new, and whether the paradigm established by 2015 has changed, been amplified, and significantly improved. It will address the significant contributions made since 2015, beyond the “WATS consensus,” which was basically in place by the centennial year and formed the basis for my book “They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else:” A History of the Armenian Genocide (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015).
Promoting Peace or Pushing Norms? Normative Agency and Mediators as Norm Entrepreneurs
Authors: Palmiano Federer Julia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOver the last three decades, mediation processes have become more political and the role of international norms matters more than ever. For many who follow the field, the role of mediators shifted from peace-broker to a peacebuilder, especially in regard to whom they include in peace negotiations. So if mediators are pressured to promote norms, the more interesting question becomes: can they (Hellmüller, Sara, Julia Palmiano Federer, and Jamie Pring. 2017. Are mediators norm entrepreneurs? Bern: swisspeace. https://www.swisspeace.ch/assets/publications/downloads/Working-Papers/b59c7cb279/Are-Mediators-Norm-Entrepreneurs-17-swisspeace-sara_hellmueller-julia_palmiano_federer-jamie_pring.pdf. Accessed 14 December 2022.)? How does this work in practice and what are the consequences? In this chapter, I present an analytical framework around a mediator’s normative agency: the ability to which they can promote norms in the first place I start with a discussion of what norm diffusion theory (theories about how norms spread) have to say about mediators acting as norm entrepreneurs in peace processes.
Fractal-Based Evaluation of the Spatial Relationship Between Conditioning Factors and the Distribution of Landslides (a Case Study in Tinh Tuc, Cao Bang Province, Vietnam)
Authors: Van Duong Binh , Fomenko Igor K. , Nguyen Kien Trung 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the assessment results of the spatial relationship between past landslides and four landslide factors in Tinh Tuc town, Cao Bang province, Vietnam, including distance to roads, distance to faults, distance to drainage, and distance to geological boundaries. The fractal dimension values were determined using fractal analyses on three sets of raw data, including the number of landslides, landslide density, and landslide relative density. Using a combination of the frequency ratio (FR) method and the fractal method, landslide susceptibility maps were produced to determine which raw data set more properly analyzes the role of factors in the development of the landslide process. Assessment results using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) method indicate that the fractal analysis of the raw data sets successfully determines the spatial relationship between conditioning factors and landslides in the study area. In addition, relationship analyses using datasets based on landslide density provide more optimal outcomes. The authors also suggest integrating the fractal method with other quantitative assessment methods to improve the accuracy of landslide prediction in Vietnam and worldwide.
Teaching Tool for LS-Tsunami
Authors: Dang Khang , Sassa Kyoji , Loi Doan Huy 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLandslide-induced tsunamis pose a significant natural hazard with the potential for devastating impacts on coastal communities. This paper discusses the development and application of the LS-Tsunami simulation code, which utilizes landslide motion data from LS-RAPID to model these tsunamis. The program is compatible with Windows PC and features user-friendly visual interfaces and 3D graphical results, making it easy for beginners to conduct integrated landslide and tsunami simulations. The process involves setting the simulation area, editing topographic data, reading landslide results from LS-RAPID, and configuring calculation conditions. In addition to the descriptive steps provided in this paper, a video tutorial is available to guide users through the process of using the LS-Tsunami simulation code. Notably, LS-Tsunami has been successfully applied to various case studies, including a simple coastal landslide-induced tsunami, the 1972 Unzen landslide-induced tsunami in Japan, and a landslide-induced tsunami-like wave in Vietnam.
CliRtheRoads: An Integrated Approach to Landslide Risk Management on Roads in Serbia
Authors: Abolmasov Biljana , Stanković Ranka , Marjanović Miloš , Vulović Nikola , Đurić Uroš 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the framework of the project “Mainstreaming Climate Resilience in the Road Transportation Management in Serbia (CliRtheRoads)”, a complex mapping tool was developed to support the Government of Serbia and Public Enterprise Roads of Serbia in climate change adaptation planning and management. The software solution comprises of: a web portal for data entry and management for authorised users; a publicly available web-GIS application; a mobile GIS application; and a back-end database. This paper briefly overviews the system, focusing on the landslide data model. Therein, the main system and software solution breakthrough is automatizing the estimation of investment costs of engineering and non-engineering measures recommended at affected locations along the road network. A retrospective on its applicability and user feedback is also included. The objective was to facilitate seamless road management by providing necessary data in a simple, understandable fashion, indicating which locations on the road network have higher priority. The introduced level of automation allows easier decision-making and investment planning.
Low translational and rotational movements with 2-point stainless-steel retainers over a period of 1 and 3 years
Authors: Koller Sarah , Niederau Christian , Azraq Irma , Craveiro Rogerio Bastos , Knaup Isabel , Wolf Michael 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Long-term stabilization of orthodontic treatment outcomes is an everyday challenge in orthodontics. The use of permanently attached lingual retainers has become gold standard. However, in some cases, patients with fixed lingual retainers show retainer-associated side effects. Aiming to reduce these side effects, clinical knowledge about how tooth and arch form stability adaption takes place over time is important to improve long-term retention protocols. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate occlusion stability and risks for a newly developing malocclusion in a time-dependent manner in patients being treated with permanent 2‑point steel retainers.

Materials and methods
In this retrospective cohort study, a total of 66 consecutive patients with round stainless-steel retainers were analyzed for postorthodontic occlusion changes after 1 year (group 1, n = 33) and 3 years (group 2, n = 33). Digital Standard Tessellation Language (STL) datasets of the lower jaw were obtained before retainer insertion (T0), and after a 1- (T1) or 3‑year (T2) retention period. Using superimposition software, T1 and T2 situations were compared to T0 regarding rotational and translational changes in tooth positions in all three dimensions.

Results
Occlusion changes were low in both groups. The investigated lower canines were nearly stable in the 1‑ and 3‑year group, although a retention-time-dependent increase in tooth position change of the central and lateral incisors could be observed.

Conclusion
The present data provide evidence for time-dependent development of posttherapeutic occlusal adaption limited to central and lateral incisors in patients treated with a 2-point retainer. The observed occlusal changes should be interpreted as an occlusal adaption process rather than severe posttreatment changes associated with the orthodontic retainer.
Utilising patient and public involvement to increase the acceptability of brief CBT for OCD in young people
Authors: Waite Polly , Klampe Marie-Louise , Walters Sasha , Salkovskis Paul 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common and debilitating disorder that frequently begins in childhood and adolescence. Previous work (Bolton et al., 2011) has demonstrated that brief CBT (5 sessions), supplemented by therapeutic workbooks, is as effective as more traditional length (12 sessions) therapist-delivered treatment for adolescents with OCD. However, as was typical at the time, the treatment was developed with very limited patient and public involvement (PPI) and was delivered in the context of a randomised controlled trial which might affect translation to routine child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). To be able to implement such treatment within routine clinical services, it is crucial that it acceptable to young people, their families and the clinicians delivering the treatment. The aim of this project was to improve the acceptability of the brief treatment through PPI and consultation with clinicians, and consider issues relating to implementation. This was done through written feedback, interviews and focus groups with five adolescents and two parents, and a focus group and a half-day workshop with 12 clinicians. This led to revisions to the workbooks and materials to improve (a) acceptability by updating the design through changes to wording, language and images, and to ensure that they were consistent with values of equality, diversity and inclusion, and (b) usability by clarifying, adding, removing content, and organising the materials in new ways. We emphasise the importance of continued PPI throughout the project to maximise the translation of findings into practice.

Key learning aims

(1)
To understand the issues surrounding the delivery of brief CBT to young people with OCD.

(2)
To understand ways of reviewing, developing and improving the CBT materials with a range of young people, their parents, and clinicians.

(3)
To understand how to consult with clinicians in relation to the implementation of the treatment.

(4)
To consider how the process of this type of work can assist in the next steps of implementing a manualised intervention in routine CAMHS.
Water, Water Everywhere, but Every Drop Unique: Challenges in the Science to Understand the Role of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in the Management of Drinking Water Supplies
Authors: Glassmeyer Susan T. , Burns Emily E. , Focazio Michael J. , Furlong Edward T. , Gribble Matthew O. , Jahne Michael A. , Keely Scott P. , Kennicutt Alison R. , Kolpin Dana W. , Medlock Kakaley Elizabeth K. , Pfaller Stacy L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe protection and management of water resources continues to be challenged by multiple and ongoing factors such as shifts in demographic, social, economic, and public health requirements. Physical limitations placed on access to potable supplies include natural and human‐caused factors such as aquifer depletion, aging infrastructure, saltwater intrusion, floods, and drought. These factors, although varying in magnitude, spatial extent, and timing, can exacerbate the potential for contaminants of concern (CECs) to be present in sources of drinking water, infrastructure, premise plumbing and associated tap water. This monograph examines how current and emerging scientific efforts and technologies increase our understanding of the range of CECs and drinking water issues facing current and future populations. It is not intended to be read in one sitting, but is instead a starting point for scientists wanting to learn more about the issues surrounding CECs. This text discusses the topical evolution CECs over time (Section 1), improvements in measuring chemical and microbial CECs, through both analysis of concentration and toxicity (Section 2) and modeling CEC exposure and fate (Section 3), forms of treatment effective at removing chemical and microbial CECs (Section 4), and potential for human health impacts from exposure to CECs (Section 5). The paper concludes with how changes to water quantity, both scarcity and surpluses, could affect water quality (Section 6). Taken together, these sections document the past 25 years of CEC research and the regulatory response to these contaminants, the current work to identify and monitor CECs and mitigate exposure, and the challenges facing the future.
The Future in Anthropocene Science
Authors: Keys P. W. , Badia L. , Warrier R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Anthropocene is the present time of human‐caused accelerating global change, and new forms of Anthropocene risk are emerging that society has hitherto never experienced. Science and policy are grappling with the temporal and spatial magnitude of these changes. However, there is a gap in the transparency—and perhaps even in the awareness—of the profound role that Anthropocene science plays in shaping the structure and possibility of our future world. In this work, we explore three key features of Anthropocene scenarios, including: worlding capacity, values shaping what is possible, and refusal to look. We explore these three features using three cases of Anthropocene science including international energy scenarios, climate change projections, and the possibility of social collapse. We discuss how Anthropocene science modulates new risks and systematically, though perhaps inadvertently, entrains certain social‐ecological futures. We find that clarity in these three attributes of Anthropocene science could enhance its integrity and build trust, not least in the arena of public policy. We conclude with recommendations for improving the interpretability and scope of Anthropocene science in the context of a growing urgency for accurate information to inform our collective future.
Modular Compositional Learning Improves 1D Hydrodynamic Lake Model Performance by Merging Process‐Based Modeling With Deep Learning
Authors: Ladwig R. , Daw A. , Albright E. A. , Buelo C. , Karpatne A. , Meyer M. F. , Neog A. , Hanson P. C. , Dugan H. A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHybrid Knowledge‐Guided Machine Learning (KGML) models, which are deep learning models that utilize scientific theory and process‐based model simulations, have shown improved performance over their process‐based counterparts for the simulation of water temperature and hydrodynamics. We highlight the modular compositional learning (MCL) methodology as a novel design choice for the development of hybrid KGML models in which the model is decomposed into modular sub‐components that can be process‐based models and/or deep learning models. We develop a hybrid MCL model that integrates a deep learning model into a modularized, process‐based model. To achieve this, we first train individual deep learning models with the output of the process‐based models. In a second step, we fine‐tune one deep learning model with observed field data. In this study, we replaced process‐based calculations of vertical diffusive transport with deep learning. Finally, this fine‐tuned deep learning model is integrated into the process‐based model, creating the hybrid MCL model with improved overall projections for water temperature dynamics compared to the original process‐based model. We further compare the performance of the hybrid MCL model with the process‐based model and two alternative deep learning models and highlight how the hybrid MCL model has the best performance for projecting water temperature, Schmidt stability, buoyancy frequency, and depths of different isotherms. Modular compositional learning can be applied to existing modularized, process‐based model structures to make the projections more robust and improve model performance by letting deep learning estimate uncertain process calculations.
Novel sofosbuvir derivatives against SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase: an in silico perspective
Authors: Alrehaily Abdulwahed , Elfiky Abdo A. , Ibrahim Ibrahim M. , Ibrahim Mohamed N. , Sonousi Amr 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, had a negative impact on both the economy and human health, and the emerging resistant variants are an ongoing threat. One essential protein to target to prevent virus replication is the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Sofosbuvir, a uridine nucleotide analog that potently inhibits viral polymerase, has been found to help treat SARS-CoV-2 patients. This work combines molecular docking and dynamics simulation (MDS) to test 14 sofosbuvir-based modifications against SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. The results reveal comparable (slightly better) average binding affinity of five modifications (compounds 3, 4, 11, 12, and 14) to the parent molecule, sofosbuvir. Compounds 3 and 4 show the best average binding affinities against SARS-CoV-2 RdRp (− 16.28 ± 5.69 and − 16.25 ± 5.78 kcal/mol average binding energy compared to − 16.20 ± 6.35 kcal/mol for sofosbuvir) calculated by Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GBSA) after MDS. The present study proposes compounds 3 and 4 as potential SARS-CoV-2 RdRp blockers, although this has yet to be proven experimentally.