bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lid wiper epitheliopathy: Current knowledge and future directions
Authors: Jinagal Jitender , Gupta Barkha , Malhotra Chintan , Jain Arun Kumar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Lid wiper epitheliopathy (LWE) is a recently recognized clinical entity that involves the epithelial cells lining the lid wiper region of the upper and lower eyelids. LWE has gained attention in the field of ophthalmology due to its association with ocular discomfort, especially in contact lens wearers and individuals with dry eye symptoms. This review article aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of LWE, including its etiology, clinical implications, diagnosis, and potential treatment approaches. The etiology of LWE is believed to be multifactorial, with mechanical factors, contact lens wear, dry eye disease, and inflammation among the contributing factors. Clinically, LWE is diagnosed through the observation of the lid wiper region after staining with vital dyes. LWE is now recognized as a potential diagnostic sign of dry eyes, even in non-contact lens users. The condition has been linked to ocular surface discomfort and may explain a subset of dry eye cases where signs and symptoms do not correlate. Various grading scales have been used to assess the severity of LWE, with some studies exploring the potential of objective methods to complement subjective grading. While much progress has been made in understanding LWE, future research should focus on refining diagnostic criteria, exploring innovative treatment modalities, and investigating its association with other ocular surface conditions. A better understanding of LWE will contribute to improved management strategies and patient outcomes, particularly in individuals experiencing ocular discomfort and dry eye symptoms.
Zinc Levels in HIV-positive Children at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital
Authors: Chukwu Uchenna Kennedy , Emodi Ifeoma I. , Ibeziako Ngozi , Ikefuna Anthony N. , Asinobi Isaac N. , Iloh Kenechukwu K. , Udeogu Kosisochukwu E. , Chukwu Chibuebem J. 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Zinc is an abundant trace element in the body involved in many physiological processes. Its deficiency has been described in HIV-infected children, especially in advancing illness. This study, therefore, seeks to assess zinc levels in HIV-positive children attending the HIV clinic at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH).

Materials and Methods:
This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study among HIV-positive children aged 5–60 months attending the HIV clinic at UNTH. A 100 participants were enrolled from August 2013 to May 2014. Data were obtained using a pro forma developed by researchers, and blood samples were collected and analysed using an absorption spectrophotometer. Serum zinc level deficiency was defined as the values <80 μg/dL. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS version 26.

Results:
Most participants were males (53.0%). Their mean age was 47 months (standard deviation = 15.7). The median serum zinc level was 55.5 μg/dL (IQR = 35.0–84.8). The majority of the participant (72%) had zinc deficiency. There was a statistically significant relationship between serum zinc level and participants’ socioeconomic status (P < 0.05) – higher socioeconomic status was associated with higher zinc levels.

Conclusion:
The study showed a high prevalence of zinc deficiency in children living with HIV, with a significant relationship between serum zinc level and the participants’ socioeconomic status. There is a need for zinc supplementation for HIV children, especially the indigent ones.
Accuracy of American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System in Characterisation of Thyroid Nodules: A Tertiary Hospital Study in India
Authors: Fatima Ifsheen , Rastogi Rajul , Chatterjee Probal , Kumar Ashutosh 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Thyroid nodules (TNs) are commonly and frequently encountered in the day-to-day clinical practice. Clinical suspicion of malignancy as well as patient anxiety is the frequent reasons for fine-needle aspiration cytology or biopsy (FNAC/B) of TN. American College of Radiology has developed a Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) based on TN ultrasound features to suggest malignancy to minimise the number of TN subjected to FNAC/B. Aim to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ACR TI-RADS in our Tertiary Hospital Health Facility.

Patients, Materials and Methods:
Sixty-nine patients with TN included in our study following institutional ethics committee approval and written informed consent underwent high-resolution ultrasonography followed by FNAC using a high-frequency linear transducer on Siemen Acuson S3000 ultrasound scanner. The data were recorded in the predesigned proforma followed by statistical analysis to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ACR TI-RADS.

Results:
Our study had female predominance (50/69) with the left side more commonly affected (37/69). The mean age of the participants was 42.2 ± 15.6 years with significantly higher age at presentation in those with malignant TN. Mixed nodules were predominant (46/69) with nearly half of the malignant nodules being solid and only 8/61 benign nodules being solid. Although the majority of the nodules were hyperechoic (50/69 including 2 malignant), a significant number of the hypoechoic/very hypoechoic nodules (6/14) were malignant with only 8/61 benign nodules being hypoechoic. Half of the malignant nodules (4/8) had lobulated or ill-defined margins, whereas only 2/61 benign nodules had similar margins. The majority (5/8) of the malignant TN had internal punctate echogenic foci with only 1/61 benign TN showing similar appearance. Half of the malignant TN (4/8) had lymphadenopathy, whereas it was noted in only 2/61 cases of benign TN.

Conclusions:
TNs though have a high prevalence, but malignant TNs are uncommon with majority being solid, taller than wider, hypoechoic with microcalcifications. The presence of adenopathy is usually a feature of malignant thyroid nodule rarely seen with benign nodules. Thus, to summarise all TNs should be thoroughly evaluated as per ACR TI-RADS for stratification of risk of malignancy.
Placenta Disposal Practices among Doctors and Nurses in Obstetric Units of Secondary and Tertiary Health Facilities in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Nnagbo Johnpaul Ejikeme , Ugwu George Onyemaechi , Eze Matthew Ikechukwu , Agu Polycarp Uchenna , Nnagbo Chinonso Louisa , Nkwo Peter Onubiwe , Dim Cyril Chukwudi , Achara Ifeanyi John , Nwagha Uchenna Ifeanyi , Ezugwu Euzebus Chinonye 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Anecdotal evidence suggests that placentas may be improperly disposed of due to the lack of knowledge of the best approaches. The reason women request for their placenta in Nigeria remains unclear.

Aim:
The aim is to determine the knowledge and perceptions of doctors and nurses about the use of WHO guidelines for the safe disposal of hospital wastes in placenta disposal and to explore their placenta disposal practices at tertiary and secondary health facilities in Enugu state.

Materials and Methods:
This was a mixed-method study design in which 163 doctors and nurses drawn from 3 secondary and 3 tertiary hospitals in Enugu Metropolis were studied. Quantitative component involved the use of interviewer-administered questionnaires. Knowledge and perceptions of respondents on the use of WHO guidelines to dispose of the placenta were documented. Knowledge of WHO guidelines was assessed and graded: good knowledge (score ≥12) and poor knowledge (score <12). Perception was assessed using 4 Likert-type questions whose responses were scored. Mean score ≥0.5 (positive perception), mean score <0.5 (negative perception). The qualitative component involved purposive sampling of 6 nurses who were the labour ward unit heads. In-depth interviews using semi-structured questionnaires were conducted to ascertain their placenta disposal practices and why women request placentas in their hospitals. Analysis was done for quantitative components using IBM SPSS version 20.0. Analyses were both descriptive and inferential. Analysis of the qualitative component established three thematic areas following the transcribing and coding of the contents of the interview.

Results:
Thirty-three (20.2%) and 158 (96.9%) had good knowledge (mean score = 12.7 ± 0.48) and positive perceptions (mean score = 2.96 ± 0.65), respectively, toward the use of WHO guidelines for placenta disposal. Placenta pits were the most common method for disposing of placenta. Those who request their placenta do so for cultural reasons (bury at home), avert being used for money rituals by health workers, and for the baby to be complete.

Conclusion:
A high proportion of doctors and nurses in Enugu state have poor knowledge but a positive perception toward WHO guidelines for disposing of placenta. The most common means of disposal was the placenta pit.
Kotzebues komische dramatische Formen auf der Ständischen Bühne in Laibach von 1830 bis 1840
Authors: Smolej Tone , Žigon Tanja 
Published: December 2023

Die dramatischen Werke des deutschen Dramatikers, Schriftstellers und Librettisten August von Kotzebue (1761–1819) gehörten in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts nicht nur zum festen Repertoire des Ständischen Theaters in Laibach (Ljubljana), sondern Kotzebue gehörte in den 1830er-Jahren, wie aus den Spielplänen ersichtlich, zu den meistgespielten Dramatikern auf der Laibacher Bühne. Es wurden sowohl seine ernsteren Schauspiele als auch Werke komischen Inhalts aufgeführt. Vor allem bei den Letzteren ist eine rege Vielfalt an komischen dramatischen Formen (z. B. Lustspiel, Schwank, Posse) zu verzeichnen, was bei den gespielten Werken anderer Autoren und Autorinnen zu dieser Zeit nicht der Fall war. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden in Hinblick auf die in Laibach aufgeführten Stücke von Kotzebue die verschiedenen komischen dramatischen Formen dargestellt und erörtert.
Determination of proximate composition, energy and glycemic index values of stiff porridge prepared from composite flours
Authors: Amwoma Lorraine Moindi , Ebere Rebecca , Arimi Joshua 
Published: December 2023

Background : The glycemic index (GI) measures how fast or slow the blood sugar rises after the consumption of a food rich in carbohydrates. The prevalence of diabetes in Kenya is about 3% of adults. Among the regimens of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is glycemic control using diet, although only a few diabetic persons (7%) practice it due to limited data on the GI of local foods such as stiff porridge (ugali) which is among the chief staple foods in Kenya. This study determined the proximate composition, energy and GI values of ugali from blends of cassava-millet, cassava-sorghum, cassava-millet-sorghum, whole maize-millet and maize-sorghum flour.
Methods : Ugali was prepared in the ratio of 3:5 (w/v), flour to water. Proximate composition was determined using the Association of Official Analytical Chemists methods. Carbohydrate content was determined by difference (100-moisture+fat+protein+ash+fiber content). Energy values were determined using the Atwater method. The GI was determined based on Brouns' recommendation.
Results : The moisture content, fat and protein content of maize-millet ugali was the highest at 67.5%, 5.7% and 9% respectively. Cassava ugali had the lowest fat (0.7%) and protein (1.2%). Cassava-millet ugali had the highest ash (3.1%) and fiber (11.5%) content whereas cassava-sorghum-millet ugali had the lowest ash (1.7%) and fiber (1.3%). Cassava ugali had the highest carbohydrate content (92.9%) whereas maize-sorghum ugali was the lowest (76.9%). Maize-millet ugali had the highest energy content (422.1 Kcal) while cassava ugali was the least (394.2 Kcal). Ugali from cassava-sorghum, cassava-millet, maize-millet, maize-sorghum and cassava-sorghum-millet flour recorded a GI of 46, 45, 47, 45 and 57 respectively.
Conclusion : Cassava-sorghum, cassava-millet, maize- millet and maize-sorghum ugali have low GI and thus can be recommended in the management and prevention of T2DM.
Energy and nutrient composition of bambara groundnut (Vigna substarranea) enriched pap
Authors: Okudu Helen , Okudu Patricia , Okolie Virginia 
Published: December 2023

Background: Complementary foods produced from cereals alone are usually deficient in some essential nutrients. Combining cereals and legumes to produce complementary foods has been shown to enhance their nutrient composition.
Objective: The study aims to evaluate the energy and nutrient composition of Vigna subterranea-enriched pap.
Methods: Maize grains, bambara groundnut, and granulated sugar were purchased at Ubani market in Umuahia, Abia State. The flours were produced using standard methods; blend formulation was based on protein content. The proximate compositions of the products were evaluated using AOAC methods. Minerals were determined using wet-acid digestion. The energy value of each nutrient was obtained by multiplying the nutrient value by its Atwater factor (4, 4, and 9 for protein, carbohydrate, and lipid, respectively). Energy density was calculated by dividing the total energy value by 100. The data generated were analyzed using Statistical Product for Service Solution version 20. Means were separated and compared with the Duncan multiple range test and Analysis of Variance. Significance was accepted at p < 0.05.
Results: Protein values ranged between 2.21% and 6.70%, with protein content in bambara groundnut-enriched maize pap samples significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the protein content of 100% maize pap (2.21%). Fat (1.00%–1.47%) and crude fiber (0.60%–1.83%), fat energy value (9.0–13.23 kcal/100g), protein energy value (15.20–26.8 kcal/100g), and total energy densities (177.28–186.91 kcal/100g) were also significantly higher in bambara groundnut-enriched maize pap. All the analyzed minerals increased with an increase in the quantity of the supplement.
Conclusion: Protein, calcium, iron, zinc, and nutrient density increased with an increase in bambara groundnut flour. Supplementing pap with 40% bambara groundnut was observed to meet over 100% of the protein Recommended Daily Intake (RDI) for children aged 6–12 months old.
Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Zooloji Müzesi sergi koleksiyonu tür listesi
Authors: CALISKAN Hakan 
Published: December 2023

Biyoçeşitlilik müzeleri, sahip oldukları numuneler sayesinde yaşamı tanıtan birer biyolojik kütüphanelerdir. ESOGÜ Zooloji Müzesi Türkiye’de bulunan az sayıdaki biyoçeşitlilik müzelerinden birisidir. Kurulduğu 2007 yılından günümüze bir üniversite müzesi olarak hizmet vermektedir. Bu çalışma, ESOGÜ Zooloji Müzesi bünyesinde sergilenen türlerin ilk listesini hazırlayarak müzede var olan kayıtların paylaşıma açılması amaçlamaktadır.
Çalışmada 205 numune, 1987-2012 yılları arasında Türkiye’de 46 il ve 5 farklı yurt dışı ülkeden bir araya getirilmişlerdir. Numuneler için altı harf ve altı rakamdan oluşan bir kod düzeniyle envanter kayıt numaraları verilmiştir. Listede, türlerin şube, sınıf, takım ve familyalarına, toplandığı ya da elde edildiği tarih, lokalite ve toplayan kişi bilgisine yer verilmiştir.
Müzenin envanterine kayıtlı 21 411’i Insecta olmak üzere 24 241 numune bulunmaktadır. Kolleksiyona ait sergi salonunda Haziran 2023 itibariyle 698 örnek ziyaretçilere tanıtılmaktadır. Bunların içinde yer alan ve sergilenen ana koleksiyonu oluşturan Cnidaria, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Chordata şubelerine ait 317 numunenin 205’i değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda 18 sınıf, 69 takım ve 136 familyaya ait 14'ü cins düzeyinde olmak üzere 169 tür listelenmiştir.
SEXUAL ABUSE IN CHILDHOOD: RELATIONSHIP WITH POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
Authors: Konstantopoulou Georgia , Vangeli Eleni , Polyzou Evangelia , Mavroeidi Eleni 
Published: December 2023

This study is a systems research that aims to investigate whether children who have been sexually abused develop post-traumatic stress disorder. Research has shown that traumatic events in a person's life such as an accident, a natural disaster, and sexual abuse are directly related to the development of PTSD, as demonstrated by the research used in this thesis. The paper was guided by PRISMA 2020, which helped guide the research. The surveys used for the paper were 8 (n=8) and involved children who had been sexually abused between the ages of 1-17 and developed PTSD and in some cases in co-morbidity with other mental disorders. The surveys were briefly analyzed and then converted into tables for easier understanding. An important finding from the surveys is that children who have been sexually abused over the age of 6 have higher rates of PTSD and also higher rates than children who have been diagnosed with PTSD but have not been sexually abused. Surely, several factors such as gender, age, and frequency play a role in the development and comorbidity of mental disorders. Of course, as child sexual abuse is a sensitive and topical problem, further research is necessary as well as the development of a treatment focused on child sexual abuse.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0075/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Cierre percutáneo de conducto arterioso persistente con dispositivo amplatzer vascular plug ii en un recién nacido . Reporte de caso
Authors: Aguilar Jesus Francisco Montalvo , Hernández Martha Guadalupe Rojas , Sandoval Antonio Salgado , Arizmendí Ramón Alejandro Flores , Aguilar Humberto García , Delgado Raymundo Noé Delgado 
Published: December 2023

El cierre percutáneo del conducto arterioso persistente se ha convertido en el método de elección en la mayoría de pacientes al tener menor número de riesgos. El Amplatzer Vascular Plug II, es un dispositivo que no contiene material trombogénico en su interior, diseñado inicialmente para embolizar malformaciones vasculares arteriovenosas periféricas. Se presenta el caso de un recién nacido de 7 días de vida, con presencia de cianosis al nacimiento, ingresado en UCIN, en fase III de ventilación; a la exploración con soplo sistólico continuo y pulsos periféricos incrementados de amplitud; se realiza ecocardiograma evidenciando conducto arterioso con repercusión hemodinámica importante; durante hospitalización con evolución insidiosa, ameritando parametros altos de ventilación y cursando con lesión renal aguda, por lo que no se realizó cierre farmacológico. Posterior con datos de inestabilidad hemodinámica determinándose cierre percutáneo con dispositivo AVP II 6mm, después de procedimiento intervencionista se extuba de forma electiva a las 24 horas. El ecocardiograma de control con dispositivo bien posicionado, sin obstrucción de arco aórtico. Se da seguimiento por la consulta externa hasta el año de edad, con adecuada evolución clínica. Existen pocos reportes que hagan referencia al uso del dispositivo tipo AVP II para cierre de conducto arterioso en la edad pediátrica, por lo que se presenta este caso para demostrar la efectividad en recién nacidos dadas sus características estructurales.
Article RETRACTED due to manipulation by t Physical Fitness: Effects of active lifestyle internalization through physical literacy awarenes based project
Authors: Mashud Mashud , Arifin Syamsul , Warni Herita , Samodra Y Touvan Juni , Yosika Ghana Firsta , Basuki Sunarno , Suryadi Didi , Suyudi Imam 
Published: December 2023

Background and Study Aim. Physical fitness is an important indicator of the current and future health status of college students. But in reality, there are still many issues with poor physical fitness. Therefore, this study aims to determine and examine how internalizing an active lifestyle through physical literacy awareness based on project-based learning can improve physical fitness. Materials and Methods. This research uses the experimental method of the times-series type (equivalent times-series design). The population as well as the research sample were all physical education students of Lambung Mangkurat University, even in the 2022–2023 semester of programming physical literacy courses, totaling 140 people. The research sample was divided into three classes: 1) class A-1, numbered 48; 2) class A-2, numbered 45; and 3) class A-3, numbered 47. The three classes received intervention in lectures in the form of internalizing an active lifestyle through project-based learning and physical literacy awareness. The data collection instrument in this study was the TKPN (Student Fitness Test Nusantara) test in 2022. Data analysis using the SPSS version 26 application. Results. The results showed that there was an increase in physical fitness after treatment. The results can be seen from the mean value of test 3 which is 3.376 greater than the value of test 1 which is 2.936 and in test 2 the mean value is 3.051. Next, the results of further tests using the Tukey test show a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, so there is no significant difference between test 1 and test 2. Conclusions. The results of the study provide information that internalizing an active lifestyle through project-based learning and physical literacy awareness can improve physical fitness. So that these results can be utilized and applied in physical education, especially to maintain physical fitness.
Keywords: Physical fitness, active lifestyle, physical literacy, project-based learning
The Comorbidities and it Impact on the outcome of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Al-Janabi Alaa Hussein Khudhair 
Published: December 2023

Background: The existence of associated diseases presents a major clinical challenge in the approach and management of COVID-19 patients. Objectives: To study the effect of common comorbidities on the severity, outcome, and duration of hospital stay among confirmed COVID 19 cases. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study. A 2574 conditions were involved in the current study. All the PCR confirmed cases in 2 COVID-19 centers at Babylon province/Iraq were included for the period from March till September 2020. A constructed questionnaire used as a method of data collection which including socio-demographic data, clinical presentation of the infection and its severity, associated comorbidities that the patient may suffer from and the duration of hospital stay and outcome. Results: the study shown that the mean of age 48.7 (±16.4) years, Diabetes Mellitus was the most prevalent associated comorbidity (25.0%), then hypertension with a prevalence of (23.4%), (84.0%) of the patients who had comorbidities had severe/critical illness compared to (54.1%) for patients who are free from comorbid illnesses with significant P value of (0.001), case-mortality ratio was 26.4% among patients with comorbidities compared to 10.6% among the patients free from comorbidity (P<0.001). Conclusions: associated diseases had significant impact on the severity of the duration and outcome of COVID-19 infection, patients with comorbidities must have additional preventive measures and they should be at the beginning in receiving the COVID-19 vaccine to prevent the deteriorations and bad consequences.