bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling Impurity Profiling of Synthetic Pathways of Organophosphorus Chlorpyrifos Through LC‐HRMS Metabolomics‐Based Approaches
Authors: Orlandi C. , Delaporte G. , Albaret C. , Joubert E. , Bossée A. , Debrauwer L. , Jamin E. L. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSourcing in chemical forensic science refers to the attribution of a sample to a specific source using a characteristic signature. It relies on the identification of chemical attribution signatures (CAS), including chemical markers such as residual synthetic precursors, impurities, reaction by‐products and degradation products, or even metabolites. Undertaking CAS for chemical threat agents (CTA) can be used to provide an evidentiary link between the use of a given chemical and its precursor(s) to support forensic investigations. Organophosphorus compounds, a class of nerve agents, can be produced by different, more or less complex synthesis routes that can lead to specific CAS. Chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphorus pesticide, was selected as model compound. To assess the specificity of impurity markers originated from a chemical synthesis, untargeted fingerprints of crude CPF from different synthesis pathways were analyzed as a first use‐case using metabolomics‐based trace discovery strategies. Seven different CPF synthesis routes were considered, and their crude mixtures were analyzed with a minimal sample preparation. Analyses were performed on a trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) coupled to liquid chromatography (LC) and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Chemometrics analyses were conducted with multivariate methods to extract discriminating features (i.e., relevant impurities), annotate, and identify them. Then, unknown samples were analyzed in blind conditions without any information of the synthesis pathway employed. The aim is to validate the methodology seeking some discriminating impurities identified in the first section to attribute and classify them according to the synthesis route.
Neuro‐Adaptive Singularity‐Free Fixed‐Time Constrained Trajectory Tracking Control of HFVs With Specified Accuracy
Authors: Dong Zehong , Lv Maolong , Da Xingya , Zhang Qingrui 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis article proposes a singularity‐free, fixed‐time adaptive trajectory‐constrained tracking strategy for hypersonic flight vehicles (HFVs) subject to asymmetric time‐varying state constraints, uncertain dynamics, and unknown external disturbances. Compared with the state‐of‐the‐art results in HFVs fixed‐time control, the peculiar characteristics of our design consist of ensuring state tracking errors to converge to specified compact sets (whose size can be made arbitrarily small via appropriate parameter selection) within fixed time, and in guaranteeing that tracking errors are enforced within the preset compact sets, which not only preserves the constraints satisfaction but warrants the validity of the adopted neural network approximator. To those purposes, a new tangent‐type barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) is introduced for the purpose of ensuring flight state tracking errors to within the preassigned asymmetric time‐varying compact sets. Apart from this, the singularity issue and oscillation problem are overcome by delicately introducing a smooth sign function. Comparative simulation results finally validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Using the Lenses of Organizational Culture and Climate for Research on Science Teacher Professional Learning
Authors: Tanas Jamie , Fulmer Gavin W. , Hansen William E. , Ashley Fulmer C. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTeachers are members of school district organizations that have their own organizational culture and climate. We differentiate a school or district as an organizational cultural context from the broader community cultural context or individual sociocultural background; it stands as an intermediate context with effects that may differ from the external cultural influences while having profound influences on teachers’ thoughts, feelings, and actions. In this conceptual paper, we review the theoretical foundations of organizational culture and organizational climate, and the corresponding ideas of assumptions, values, artifacts, and shared perceptions of policies, practices, and routines. We then summarize types of research questions and research methods that are well‐suited to the organizational culture and climate framework. We apply these concepts to two example cases from the field of science education. We identify potential research opportunities for organizational culture and climate in science education that can extend and deepen our efforts to understand teachers’ experiences within school organizations. This paper is part of the special issue on Teacher Learning and Practice within Organizational Contexts.
Characteristic Structure of the Relationships Among Depression, Maladaptive Cognition, and Internet Addiction and Its Temporal Evolution in University Students: A Network Analysis
Authors: Tian Yu , Ding Hongjun , Li Yanfang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study explored the structure and temporal evolution of the relationship among depression, maladaptive cognition, and internet addiction (DMI) among university students by focusing on topological and dynamic properties in a network analysis. A 3‐year longitudinal survey was conducted with 873 university students (Mage = 18.32, SD = 0.74). The results of network analysis showed “compulsive internet use and withdrawal symptoms” as part of internet addiction and “depressive emotions” as part of depression were the core characteristics in the DMI relational structure. Additionally, “compulsive internet use and withdrawal symptoms” was most pronounced for freshmen, whereas “depressive emotions” were most pronounced for sophomores and juniors. These findings suggest that interventions addressing DMI among university students should not only focus on the key aspects of “compulsive internet use and withdrawal symptoms” and “depressive emotions,” but also consider differences between students at different years of study.
Progress in Experimental Methods Using Model Electrodes for the Development of Noble‐Metal‐Based Oxygen Electrocatalysts in Fuel Cells and Water Electrolyzers
Authors: Kodama Kensaku , Todoroki Naoto 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHydrogen plays a key role in maximizing the benefits of renewable energy, and the widespread adoption of water electrolyzers and fuel cells, which convert the chemical energy of hydrogen and electrical energy into each other, is strongly desired. Electrocatalysts used in these devices, typically in the form of nanoparticles, are crucial components because they significantly affect cell performance, but their raw materials rely on limited resources. In catalyst research, electrochemical experimental studies using model catalysts, such as single‐crystal electrodes, have provided valuable information on reaction and degradation mechanisms, as well as catalyst development strategies aimed at overcoming the trade‐off between activity and durability, across spatial scales ranging from the atomic to the nanoscale. Traditionally, these experiments are conducted using well‐defined, simple model surfaces like bare single‐crystal electrodes in pure systems. However, in recent years, experimental methods using more complex interfaces—while still precisely controlling elemental distribution, microstructure, and modification patterns—have been established. This paper reviews the history of those studies focusing on noble‐metal‐based electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions and oxygen evolution reactions, which account for the majority of efficiency losses in fuel cells and water electrolyzers, respectively. Furthermore, potential future research themes in experimental studies using model electrodes are identified.
Effect of repeated vincristine administration on platelet count in cats with lymphoma
Authors: Marceglia Giulia , Zoia Andrea , Petini Matteo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundVincristine is a chemotherapy drug used to treat haemopoietic tumours such as lymphomas. In healthy dogs and those with immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia, vincristine administration increases platelet count. Conversely, myelosuppression is a reported adverse effect. However, information on the haematological effects of vincristine in cats is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to determine platelet count variation following vincristine administration in cats with lymphoma.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of cats receiving a cytological or histological diagnosis of lymphoma between 2010 and 2023 was conducted. Cats were eligible for inclusion if they received vincristine and a complete blood count was performed before and after its administration. Each vincristine administration was recorded as a sequential event. The change in platelet count following vincristine administration was then calculated.ResultsFor the 52 cats included in the study, a total of 94 vincristine treatments were administered in up to four sequential treatment events. The cats' post‐treatment platelet counts were always higher than their pre‐treatment counts; however, the difference only became statistically significant after the second vincristine administration (mean difference 53.2 ± 124.4 × 103 µL; p = 0.019).LimitationsDue to the retrospective nature of the study, the blood sampling protocol was not standardised, and the timings of the complete blood count analyses differed between individual cases, which may have affected the results.ConclusionRepeated vincristine administration does not cause thrombocytopenia in cats with lymphoma and is not contraindicated in thrombocytopenic cats.
Evaluating the accuracy of DFT functionals applying for determining geometries of coumarin derivatives using the averaged Cartesian atomic coordinates
Authors: Hien Nguyen Khoa , Van Bay Mai , Vo Quan V. , Duy Y Ngo , Quang Duong Tuan , Nam Pham Cam 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study reports a new approximate method to create reference data for evaluating the accuracy of density functional theory (DFT) functionals in predicting optimized geometries of ground states (GSs) and excited states (ESs), as an alternative to the limited reference data from high‐accuracy theoretical levels. This method utilized atomic coordinates within molecules to assess accuracy in predicting optimized geometries, rather than relying solely on individual parameters such as bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles. Additionally, the method used the averaged Cartesian atomic coordinates within molecules obtained from multiple DFT functionals as reference values, instead of the atomic coordinates derived from high‐accuracy theoretical levels. This approach was demonstrated to yield reliable results based on comparative evaluation with a reference dataset of optimized geometries for GSs and ESs obtained at CC3/CCSDR(3) and EOM‐CCSD. These new findings opened opportunities for assessing the accuracy of DFT functions in predicting optimized geometries, particularly for medium‐to‐large organic molecules, where reference structures are challenging to obtain. This method was applied to evaluate the accuracy of 10 DFT functionals in predicting optimized geometries of the GS and ES of 25 coumarin derivatives. The results showed that the PBE0, APFD, and CAM‐B3LYP functionals provided the safest and most reliable accuracy. In contrast, the PBE and BP86 functionals provided the least safe and least reliable accuracy for optimized geometries of the GS and ES. These findings were obtained from the results of research conducted on a limited number of coumarin derivatives (25 compounds) and a restricted set of DFT functionals (10 functionals). Therefore, further similar studies are needed to expand the applicability of these research results.
Women’s Experiences in Education in Turkmenistan
Authors: Orazova Aknur , Kuzhabekova Aliya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper explores the experiences of women in education in the Central Asian country of Turkmenistan. The exploration is based on the review of the relevant policies, reports, statistics, and scholarly research, as well as on the data from written accounts of women who had experiences in the education system of the country. We first provide a quick overview of the situation with gender equality generally and in education more specifically during the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. We then use data from the written accounts to explore in greater detail the unique experiences of women in education and the way the experiences are shaped by a variety of cultural and societal beliefs. The primary criteria of eligibility for participation in the written accounts was being a woman holding at least a certificate of completion of secondary education in Turkmenistan. The common themes emerging from the participants’ insights included the various challenges faced by women in education, the pervasive family influence, and the irreconcilable differentiation between what is considered masculine and feminine behaviors. In addition, we revealed the women’s awareness about their agency and the importance of empowerment.
Lessons Learned and Pathways to the Future
Authors: Kuzhabekova Aliya , Durrani Naureen , Kataeva Zumrad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This volume marked the first attempt to compile current research on the intersection of gender and education in Central Asia. Divided into two distinct parts, the first section offered a comparative examination of the gender policy landscape, encompassing both contemporary and historical perspectives, along with an analysis of various gender equality indicators across Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan.
Feasibility
Authors: Hollnaicher Simon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter argues for understanding feasibility as a form of restricted possibility, drawing on Wiens’ (2015) account, and demonstrates its fittingness and relevance to understanding scientific feasibility assessments in the climate context. Feasibility concerns the question of how we can achieve a particular outcome. An outcome is feasible when there is a trajectory from here to the outcome in question that is compatible with the various limitations we face. The chapter begins with four illustrative anecdotes of feasibility judgments made by various actors in the climate policy debate. The chapter then reviews two prominent philosophical accounts of feasibility. The Conditional Probability Account defines feasibility as the probability of success given an agent’s efforts but is critiqued for being too narrow for assessing complex social goals. In contrast, Wiens’ conception of feasibility as restricted possibility – attainability constrained by available resources and processes – captures the pathway-oriented nature of feasibility assessments better in scientific and policy contexts. However, the chapter argues that Wiens’ account faces two unresolved challenges: distinguishing feasibility from mere practical possibility and explaining how we sometimes make meaningful comparative feasibility claims among policy options.
Value Judgments in IAMs
Authors: Hollnaicher Simon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter provides a detailed taxonomy of the value judgments embedded in Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) and their outputs. It identifies eight aspects and areas of integrated modeling where value judgments influence scenario evidence, shaping how feasibility is assessed: (1) in choosing feasibility indicators and defining constraints, (2) in agenda-setting, (3) in the cost-effectiveness framework against other burden sharing principles, (4) in the conceptualization of well-being, (5) in representing global and social inequality, (6) in representing intergenerational inequality, especially in discounting future costs, (7) in defining the modeling domain, and (8) in the handling of uncertainty and inductive risk. For each aspect, the chapter explicates the embedded value judgments, contextualizes common modeling practices, and contrasts them with alternative value perspectives.
Exact bifurcation analysis of the static response of a Fermi–Pasta–Ulam softening chain with short and long-range interactions
Authors: Challamel N. , Combescure C. , Picandet V. , Ferretti M. , Luongo A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper is devoted to the static bifurcation of a nonlinear elastic chain with softening and both direct and indirect interactions. This system is also known as a generalized softening FPU system (Fermi–Pasta–lam nonlinear lattice) with

$$p = 2$$

p
=
2

nonlinear interactions (nonlinear direct and second-neighbouring interactions). The static response of this n-degree-of-freedom nonlinear system under pure tension loading is theoretically and numerically investigated. The mathematical problem is equivalent to a nonlinear fourth-order difference eigenvalue problem. The bifurcation parameters are calculated from the exact resolution of the fourth-order linearized difference eigenvalue problem. It is shown that the bifurcation diagram of the generalized softening FPU system depends on the stiffness ratio of both the linear and the nonlinear parts of the nonlinear lattice, which accounts for both short range and long range interactions. This system possesses both a saddle node bifurcation (limit point) and some unstable bifurcation branches for the parameters of interest. We show that for some range of structural parameters, the bifurcations in (n−1) unstable bifurcation branches prevail before the limit point. In the complementary domain of the structural parameters, the bifurcations in (n−1) unstable bifurcation branches prevail after the limit point, which means that the system becomes unstable first, at the limit point. At the border between both domains in the space of structural parameters, the bifurcation in (n−1) unstable bifurcation branches coincide with the limit point, with an addition unstable fundamental branch. This case is the hill-top bifurcation, already analysed by Challamel et al. (Int J Non-Linear Mech 156(104509): 1-11, 2023) in the case

$$p= 1$$

p
=
1

interaction. We also numerically highlight the possibility for such a generalized FPU system to possess possible imperfection sensitivity. Numerical results support the fact that the structural boundary of the hill-top bifurcation coincides with the transition between imperfection sensitive to imperfection insensitive systems.
Evaluating the Benefit of a Urogynecologic Telehealth Consultation after Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury
Authors: Bonasia Kyra , Luong Susan , Stairs Jocelyn , Clancy Aisling 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASI) are associated with significant risk of complications, including pain, infection, and long-term pelvic floor dysfunction. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the utility and acceptability of a postpartum telehealth consultation focused on pelvic floor health for patients after OASI.

Methods
This prospective study used a pre–post design comparing standard postpartum care versus standard postpartum care plus a telehealth urogynecology consultation focused on pelvic floor recovery. The primary outcome was symptom burden as measured by the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) score 16-weeks postpartum. Patient experience was evaluated using the QQ10 and the Patient Enablement Instrument. T-tests and chi-squared tests were used to compare groups.

Results
A total of 119 participants completed study activities (control group n = 62, intervention group n = 57). There was no significant difference between the two groups in PFDI-20 scores (55.6 versus 46.6, p = 0.23). The individual items most likely to be endorsed among all participants were related to flatal incontinence (52.1%) and fecal urgency (49.6%). For the subset analysis of 35 patients with severe OASI (3C or fourth-degree tears), those who had a telehealth consultation had lower PFDI-20 scores (56.6 versus 34.7; p = 0.04). QQ10 estimated a value score of 79/100 and a burden score of 18/100 for the telehealth consultation.

Conclusions
A postpartum telehealth consultation focused on pelvic floor health may benefit patients with severe OASI who reported reduced symptom burden. Participants rated a telehealth consultation as high value and low burden for this condition.
Angle Combinations in Tilings of the Sphere by Angle Congruent Pentagons
Authors: Luk Hoi Ping , Yan Min 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We develop a systematic method for deriving the angle combinations at all vertices in an edge-to-edge tiling of the sphere by pentagons with the same five angles. The method provides an effective and necessary tool in solving many tiling problems about pentagonal tilings of the sphere. More significantly, we determine all the angle combinations that allow free and continuous choices of two angle values.
Understanding the anatomical basis of anorectal fistulas and their surgical management: exploring different types for enhanced precision and safety
Authors: Almughamsi Asim M. , Elhassan Yasir Hassan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Anorectal fistulas remain one of the most challenging conditions in colorectal surgery and require precise anatomical knowledge for successful management. This comprehensive review synthesizes the current evidence on the anatomical foundations of fistula development and treatment, particularly focusing on the cryptoglandular hypothesis and its clinical implications. A systematic analysis of the recent literature has examined the relationship between anatomical structures and fistula formation, classification systems, diagnostic modalities, and therapeutic approaches. The review revealed that anatomical considerations fundamentally influence treatment outcomes, with modern imaging techniques achieving up to 98% accuracy in delineating fistula anatomy. Key findings demonstrate that surgical success rates vary significantly based on anatomical complexity: 92–97% for simple fistulas versus 40–95% for complex cases using sphincter-sparing techniques. Emerging minimally invasive approaches and regenerative therapies, including mesenchymal stem cells, show promising results with 50–60% healing rates in complex cases. Special considerations are needed for complex cases such as Crohn's disease-related and rectovaginal fistulas. This review provides surgeons with an evidence-based framework for selecting optimal treatment strategies based on anatomical considerations, emphasizing the importance of preserving the anal sphincter function while achieving complete fistula eradication. Integrating advanced imaging, surgical techniques, and emerging therapies offers new possibilities for improving patient outcomes. This review aimed to bridge the gap between anatomical knowledge and practical surgical application, enhance clinical decision-making, and improve patient outcomes in anorectal fistula management.