bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An adaptive hybrid time‐stepping scheme for highly non‐linear strongly coupled problems
Authors: Vijalapura Prashanth K. , Govindjee Sanjay 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis paper deals with the design and implementation of an adaptive hybrid scheme for the solution of highly non‐linear, strongly coupled problems. The term ‘hybrid’ refers to a composite time stepping scheme where a controller decides whether a monolithic scheme or a fractional step (splitting) scheme is appropriate for a given time step. The criteria are based on accuracy and efficiency. The key contribution of this paper is the development of a framework for incorporating error criteria for stepsize selection and a mechanism for choosing from splitting or monolithic possibilities. The resulting framework is applied to silylation, a highly non‐linear, strongly coupled problem of solvent diffusion and reaction in deforming polymers. Numerical examples show the efficacy of our new hybrid scheme on both two‐ and three‐dimensional silylation simulations in the context of microlithography. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accurate correction of surface noises of polygonal meshes
Authors: Shen Jie , Maxim Bruce , Akingbehin Kiumi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this paper we propose a new algorithm for accurate correction of surface noises of polygonal meshes. It consists of three basic components: (a) feature‐preserving pre‐smoothing; (b) partitioning of feature and non‐feature regions; (c) second‐order predictor for non‐feature regions and median filter for feature regions. The unique contributions of our approach include (a) an idea of partitioning an input surface into feature and non‐feature regions so that different smoothing algorithms, which are best suited for either feature or non‐feature regions can be, respectively, applied; (b) a second‐order predictor that provides higher smoothing accuracy and better convergence on smoothly curved surfaces. In comparison with several existing algorithms, our algorithm is evaluated quantitatively in terms of surface normal and vertex distance error metrics. Numerical experiments indicate the effectiveness of our approach in the aspects of convergence and accuracy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conducting polythiophenes with a broad spectrum of reactive groups
Authors: Li Guangtao , Bhosale Sheshanath , Tao Shengyang , Bhosale Sidhanath , Fuhrhop Jurgen‐Hinrich 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe development of reliable and reproducible chemistries for the immobilization of biomolecules to a conducting polymer is a key challenge in the design and preparation of a CP‐based biosensor. In this article, the syntheses and electropolymerization of a series of new 3‐alkylthiophene derivatives functionalized with the most used reactive groups in immobilization chemistry, including maleimide, azide, and anhydride, are described. Despite the nucleophilic or electrophilic nature of the reactive groups, the synthesized thiophene monomers exhibit rather good polymerizability, and the reactive groups withstand the polymerization conditions and are correctly incorporated into the resulting electroactive polymers. The reactivity of the pendant reactive groups of the resulting polymers to attach biomolecules has been examined with different redox‐active, photoactive compounds as well as recognition elements as model compounds. It has been confirmed that with well‐established procedures developed for the immobilization of enzymes, the model compounds can be easily and selectively bound onto these new conducting polymers without the loss of their optical and electrochemical activity. Therefore, these conductive materials with a broad spectrum of reactive groups will provide a useful platform for developing CP‐based biosensors for a wide range of applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4547–4558, 2005
Ethylene and 1‐hexene copolymerization with CO‐prereduced phillips CrOx/SiO2 catalyst in the presence of Al–alkyl cocatalyst
Authors: Fang Yuwei , Liu Boping , Hasebe Kouichi , Terano Minoru 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPhillips catalyst has been contributing to about 40% of world high‐density polyethylene production because of its ability to give products with unique microstructures like broad molecular weight distribution as well as short and long chain branches. Even after 50 years' effort, some crucial problems concerning the nature of active sites, polymerization, and branching mechanisms are still kept mysterious. In this work, ethylene and 1‐hexene copolymerization with Phillips catalyst prereduced by CO was carried out in the presence of triethyl aluminum (TEA) cocatalyst. The microstructures of polymers were investigated by 13C NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) methods. A hybrid‐type kinetics was found for both homo‐ and copolymerization kinetics, which indicated that there existed two types of active sites namely site A and site B. Site A with instant activation, high activity, and fast decay was transformed from a metathesis site, namely Cr(II) site, coordinated with CO or CO2 through desorption of CO or CO2 by TEA, which contributed to the formation of short chain branches, especially methyl branches. Site B with slow activation, low activity, and slow decay was generated from reduction of residual chromate (VI) by TEA. Both 1‐hexene and TEA can decrease the molecular weight of polyethylene as well as enhance short chain branching. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4632–4641, 2005
Synthesis of photocrosslinkable hyperbranched polyesters and their film properties
Authors: Maruyama Ken , Kudo Hiroto , Ikehara Takayuki , Ito Nobuhito , Nishikubo Tadatomi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHyperbranched polyesters with terminal methacryloyl groups (HBPEAc) were synthesized by the one‐pot polyaddition of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and trimesic acid in the presence of methacrylic acid with a number‐average molecular weights of 5100–7700 in 70–83% yields. The photoradical polymerization of HBPEAc was examined in the presence of 2‐methyl‐1‐[4‐(methylthio)phenyl]‐2‐morpholinopropan‐2‐one (Irgacure 907®) as a photoinitiator in the film state upon UV irradiation to afford the corresponding cured films quantitatively. The crosslinking densities of the cured films of HBPEAc were higher than those of the corresponding linear ones, and birefringence cannot be detected for the cured films of HBPEAc because of their random structures. Furthermore, an alkaline‐developable hyperbranched polyester containing pendant carboxyl groups (HBPEAc‐COOH) was prepared by the addition reaction of HBPEAc with cis‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, and its patterning properties were examined to give the resolution of a 55‐μm‐line and 275‐μm‐space pattern by UV irradiation with 700 mJ/cm2. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4642–4653, 2005
ELL binding regulates U19/Eaf2 intracellular localization, stability, and transactivation
Authors: Xiao Wuhan , Jiang Feng , Wang Zhou 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDU19/Eaf2, an androgen‐response gene, is downregulated in advanced human prostate cancer specimens and its overexpression can markedly induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Eleven‐nineteen Lysine‐rich Leukemia (ELL) is an RNA polymerase II transcription elongation factor, initially identified as a fusion partner gene of MLL in the t(11; 19) (q23; p13.1) chromosomal translocation in acute myeloid leukemia. U19/Eaf2 was previously reported as an ELL‐associated factor, a potential transcription factor binds to ELL, forming nuclear speckles in vivo. These findings suggest that ELL–U19/Eaf2 interaction is potentially important in prostate cancer progression and/or acute myeloid leukemia. However, the functional significance of U19/Eaf2 interaction with ELL remains unclear.METHODSUsing co‐transfection, co‐immunoprecipitation, protein stability assay and transactivation assay, we characterized the consequence of ELL binding to U19/Eaf2.RESULTSWe provide further evidence for U19/Eaf2 as a transcription factor and show that ELL binding is required for nuclear speckle formation of human U19/Eaf2, stabilizes U19/Eaf2 and enhances its transactivation activity.CONCLUSIONSThe above observations indicate ELL may be an important factor required for U19/Eaf2 function because U19/Eaf2 nuclear localization and transactivation activity are essential for its function as a transcription factor. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunohistochemical expression of tumor antigens MAGE‐A1, MAGE‐A3/4, and NY‐ESO‐1 in cancerous and benign prostatic tissue
Authors: Hudolin Tvrtko , Juretic Antonio , Spagnoli Giulio Cesare , Pasini Josip , Bandic Daniela , Heberer Michael , Kosicek Miljenko , Cacic Mirjana 
Published: August 2005

AbstractOBJECTIVETo investigate immunohistochemical expression of MAGE‐A and NY‐ESO‐1/LAGE‐1, cancer testis antigens in prostate tissues showing evidence of malignant transformation or benign hyperplasia.METHODS112 prostate samples from patients undergoing surgery at the Urology Clinic at the Zagreb Clinical Hospital Center from 1995 to 2003 were investigated in this study. Of these, 92 carcinoma samples were obtained by radical prostatectomy, and 20 benign prostatic hyperplasia samples by transvesical prostatectomy. Three monoclonal antibodies were used for immunohistochemical staining: 77B for MAGE‐A1, 57B for multi‐MAGE‐A and D8.38 for NY‐ESO‐1 expression.RESULTSExpression of MAGE‐A1 was observed in 10.8% of carcinoma samples, whereas multi‐MAGE‐A and NY‐ESO‐1/LAGE‐1 stained 85.9% and 84.8% of samples. Immunohistochemical staining was only detectable in the cytoplasm. A significant heterogeneity could be observed within a same tissue sample where areas with strong positivities coexisted with cancer testis antigens negative areas. Interestingly, a majority of 57B positive cases were also found to be D8.38 positive (correlation coefficient r = 0.727 (P < 0.01)). Cancer testis antigens expression was neither significantly correlated with PSA values nor with Gleason score. In benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues MAGE‐A1 expression was detected in 5%, while 57B and D8.38 staining was observed in 15% samples, and in all cases percentages of positive cells were always <10%.CONCLUSIONOur data underline the peculiar relevance of cancer testis antigens expression in prostate cancers, with potential implications regarding both diagnosis and therapy. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential attenuation of oxidative/nitrosative injuries in early prostatic neoplastic lesions in TRAMP mice by dietary antioxidants
Authors: Tam Neville N.C. , Nyska Abraham , Maronpot Robert R. , Kissling Grace , Lomnitski Liat , Suttie Andrew , Bakshi Shlomo , Bergman Margalit , Grossman Shlomo , Ho Shuk‐Mei 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDDietary antioxidants with yet unproven efficacies in averting prostate cancer (PCa) are widely used in the United States as preventives. Experimental evidence establishing a causal relationship between oxidative and nitrosative stress (OS/NS) and PCa development and showing its modulation by dietary antioxidants would help justify their usage.METHODSThe TRAMP (Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate) mouse model was used to demonstrate the OS/NS‐associated damage, as evident by 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG), 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE)‐protein‐adducts and nitrotyrosine (Ntyr), in prostatic premalignant lesions, and to evaluate the antioxidant efficacy of various dietary supplements [natural antioxidant (NAO) from spinach extracts, ( − ) epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), or N‐acetylcystein (NAC)] during the early PCa development.RESULTWe show, for the first time, that oxidative/nitrosative damages of genomic DNA and cellular proteins were discretely localized in premalignant lesions, but not in adjacent morphologically normal epithelia, of TRAMP prostates; these injuries were absent in age‐matched nontransgenic littermates. The extent of OS/NS‐related injuries correlated well with the tempo of development and prevalence of premalignant lesions in various prostatic lobes and exhibited a clear trend of increase from 12 to 20 weeks of age. Treatment of TRAMP mice with various antioxidants as dietary supplements resulted in differential alleviation of OS/NS‐related prostatic injuries. The antioxidant potencies of the dietary supplements did not fully correlate with their documented antiPCa actions, suggest that they may exert additional “nonantioxidant,” antitumor effects in this model.CONCLUSIONSOur data indicate that in TRAMP mice, OS/NS injuries are likely involved in early prostatic tumorigenesis and can be modulated by various antioxidants. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
E2F1 expression in LNCaP prostate cancer cells deregulates androgen dependent growth, suppresses differentiation, and enhances apoptosis
Authors: Libertini Stephen J. , Tepper Clifford G. , Guadalupe Moraima , Lu Ying , Asmuth David M. , Mudryj Maria 
Published: August 2005

AbstractINTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVESTo investigate the role of E2F/RB in androgen independent proliferation, differentiation, and sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli of LNCaP prostate cancer cells.METHODSThe effects of E2F1 overexpression on androgen independent proliferation, differentiation, and apoptotic responses was assessed by flow cytometry, Western blot analysis and staining of nuclei.RESULTSOverexpression of E2F1 in LNCaP cells confers resistance to an androgen withdrawal‐mediated growth arrest, prevents differentiation, and modifies apoptotic responses. Androgen independent proliferation is associated with a dose dependent elevation of cyclin E. Cells expressing high levels of E2F1 continue to express androgen receptor and have a diminished expression of neuronal specific enolase when cultured in androgen‐depleted media. Additionally, E2F1‐expressing cells are more sensitive to etoposide‐induced apoptosis. Western blot analysis revealed that LNCaP‐E2F1 cells have elevated expression of p73, Apaf‐1, caspase‐3, caspase‐7, but expression of caspase‐8 and ‐9, p14(ARF), and Mcl‐1, is unaltered.CONCLUSIONThis is the first study that describes E2F1‐dependent modifications of androgen dependence, differentiation, and sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli in LNCaP cells. Our analysis also identifies a subset of E2F1 targets that are instrumental in altering proliferative, differentiation, and apoptotic properties. Deregulation of the E2F/RB pathway and subsequent modification of key regulatory proteins may promote the development of hormone‐refractory prostate tumors. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plasma and prostate phytoestrogen concentrations in prostate cancer patients after oral phytoestogen supplementation
Authors: Rannikko Antti , Petas Anssi , Rannikko Sakari , Adlercreutz Herman 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhytoestrogens have been suggested to reduce the risk of prostate cancer (CaP), but no data exists on how oral phytoestrogen supplementation influences phytoestrogen concentrations in prostate tissue.METHODSForty men with CaP, assigned for radical prostatectomy, received 240 mg of clover phytoestrogens or placebo daily for a 2‐week period before their operation in a prospective and randomized study. Phytoestrogens were measured in plasma and prostate tissue by time‐resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR‐FIA).RESULTSAll patients had low baseline phytoestrogen concentrations and only 35% had a detectable plasma concentration of equol. Oral supplementation with phytoestrogens induced a statistically significant (P < 0.001) 23‐ and 7‐fold increase in prostate tissue concentrations of the phytoestrogens genistein and daidzein, respectively. Supplemented patients demonstrated prostate tissue genistein and daidzein concentrations that were over twofold higher than their plasma. Interestingly, even though the placebo group did not receive phytoestrogen challenge, they also demonstrated twofold prostate tissue genistein and daidzein concentrations compared to their plasma values, suggesting that the prostate can concentrate available phytoestrogens. In addition, after the supplementation, 90% of the supplemented patients had a detectable plasma equol concentration.CONCLUSIONSWe conclude that prostate tissue can concentrate genistein and daidzein. Significant elevation of intraprostatic genistein and daidzein concentrations can be achieved with a short‐term dietary phytoestrogen supplementation. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integrin‐dependent amplification of the G2 arrest induced by ionizing radiation
Authors: Kremer Celeste L. , Schmelz Monika , Cress Anne E. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe progressive loss of laminin 5 and the α6β4 integrin is a characteristic of the transition of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) to invasive human prostate cancer. Our objective was to determine if the loss of the interaction with laminin 5 would influence the ability of human epithelial cells to respond to DNA damage. Three cellular damage responses to ionizing radiation (IR) were analyzed including G2 progression, cdc2 phosphorylation, and cell survival. The adhesion of normal human prostate epithelial cells to laminin 5 amplified the G2 arrest induced by IR, and depends on a known cell binding domain of laminin 5. The alteration of G2 arrest was confirmed by an inhibition of phospho‐cdc2 nuclear translocation. In contrast, a prostate epithelial cancer cell line blocked in G2 independent of adhesion to laminin 5. The survival of these cell lines in response to IR was unaffected by adhesion to laminin 5. These results suggest that cell adhesion to laminin 5 in normal cells will amplify the IR induced G2 cell cycle progression block without altering cell survival. The loss of laminin 5 and the α6β4 integrin in PIN lesions may contribute to the selection and progression of genetically unstable cell types via attenuation of a DNA damage induced G2 arrest. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in gap junctional connexin isoforms during prostate cancer progression
Authors: Tate Amanda W. , Lung Tina , Radhakrishnan Anu , Lim So Dug , Lin Xi , Edlund Magnus 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDConnexins have their traditional function as part of gap junction (GJ) structures, but have recently been shown to have GJ‐independent roles. Although GJs and their connexin subunits are thought to be down‐regulated in cancer, depending on the connexin examined, many times the expression level is preserved or even increased. This is further apparent by the importance of GJs in “by‐stander effects” of radiation and viral targeting treatments.METHODSWe surveyed connexin isoforms in prostate cancer cell lines and tissue with RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry. Upon modulating GJ function, we observed prostate epithelial cell behaviors.RESULTSAdvanced cells within PC‐3 and LNCaP prostate cancer progression models exhibit elevated connexin 26 (Cx26) levels—a trend validated in clinical samples. When GJs were inhibited, adhesion was not affected, but invasion and migration were strikingly decreased. A link between the expression of Cx26 and integrin adhesion‐linked functions are suggested by Cx26's direct interaction with focal adhesion kinase (FAK).CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest a novel mechanism for adhesion regulation by a GJ‐independent Cx26 function that correlates with prostate disease progression. The increased Cx26 expression during prostate cancer progression plays a role in adhesion regulation possibly through its interaction with FAK. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling activates Akt‐1 and MMP‐9 expression in prostate cancer cells: The role of bone microenvironment‐associated CXCL12
Authors: Chinni Sreenivasa R. , Sivalogan Sivasakthy , Dong Zhong , Filho J. Carlos Trindade , Deng Xiyun , Bonfil R. Daniel , Cher Michael L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDHematopoietic cells home to bone by means of chemo‐attraction to marrow chemokines, and interaction of chemokines with their receptors leads to the expression/activation of adhesion molecules and proteases. Recent evidence suggests that similar mechanisms may be active in cancer metastasis. Previously, we showed that metalloproteases (MMPs), and in particular MMP‐9, play a role in prostate cancer (PC) expansion in bone.METHODSWe used a variety of methods including RT‐PCR, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, gelatin zymography, cellular motility and invasion, and subcellular fractionation of PC cells applied to in vivo and in vitro models.RESULTSHere we showed that (a) CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is expressed in PC bone metastasis; (b) exogenous CXCL12 induced MMP‐9 expression by PC cells; (c) bone stromal cells and bone tissue conditioned media induced the migration of PC cells in a CXCR4‐dependent manner; (d) pharmacological inhibition of PI3 kinase and MAP kinase pathways abrogated CXCL12‐induced MMP‐9 expression and invasion of PC cells; (e) exogenous CXCL12 induced Akt1 phosphorylation is indispensable for proMMP‐9 secretion, migration, and invasion of PC cells; (f) CXCR4 was localized to lipid rafts in PC cells and initiated Akt phosphorylation.CONCLUSIONSThese data suggest that chemoattractive mechanisms involve migration of cancer cells towards bone tissue, and that cell signaling induced by binding of the chemokine to its receptor leads to the activation of multiple signaling pathways and subsequent secretion of MMP‐9 into the local environment. These findings provide a link between chemoattractive mechanisms, growth of tumor cells in bone, and tumor‐enhanced bone matrix turnover. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of hereditary prostate cancer gene polymorphic variants with sporadic aggressive prostate carcinoma
Authors: Noonan‐Wheeler Ferrin C. , Wu William , Roehl Kimberly A. , Klim Aleksandra , Haugen John , Suarez Brian K. , Kibel Adam S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDELAC2, MSR1, and RNASEL are candidate genes for hereditary prostate carcinoma (HPC). While, studies have demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes are associated with sporadic disease as well as HPC, these results are often not replicated in follow‐up studies. Given that the majority of patients studied had localized disease and up to 50% of localized prostate cancer is clinically insignificant, the inability to replicate the initial findings may reflect that some subjects had indolent tumors. Herein, we examine patients with metastatic disease to determine if an association exists between HPC SNPs and unambiguously significant prostate cancer.METHODSWe examined polymorphisms within ELAC2 (S217L, A541T, E622V), MSR1 (P275A, R293X, aIVS5‐59c), and RNASEL (E265X, R462Q, D541E) in 150 European‐Americans with metastatic prostate cancer and 170 prostate cancer‐free controls using pyrosequencing assays.RESULTSOnly ELAC2 217L (37% cases vs. 29% controls (P = 0.034)) and RNASEL 541E (61% cases vs. 53% controls (P = 0.045)) were over‐represented. Analysis of genotypes revealed that presence of the leucine ELAC2 allele (OR 1.54: 95% CI = 0.99–2.41, SS vs. SL, LL) and homozygosity for the glutamic acid RNASEL allele (OR 1.68: 95% CI = 1.04–2.70, EE vs. DE, DD) were associated with increased risk. Patients with both genotypes were of particularly high‐risk (OR 2.66: 95% CI = 1.36–5.19).CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that, in a European‐American population, ELAC2 217L and RNASEL 541E are associated with metastatic sporadic disease. ELAC2 and RNASEL SNP analysis may prove useful in determining which patients are at risk for developing clinically significant prostate carcinoma. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.