bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placental cord drainage vs delayed cord clamping at elective caesarean section: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Fahy Michael James , Ko Christy , Maynard Matilda , Kalian Kiran N. 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundPlacental cord drainage (PCD) after vaginal birth accelerates placental delivery by 2.85 minutes, but reduces blood loss by only 77 mL.AimsTo determine if PCD at elective caesarean section accelerates placental delivery, compared to delayed cord clamping (DCC).Materials and MethodsThis randomised controlled trial randomised 100 women undergoing elective caesarean sections to receive either PCD for 60 sec after birth, or DCC for 60 sec. The primary outcome was time from birth until placental delivery. Secondary outcomes included estimated blood loss (EBL), postoperative haemoglobin drop, rates of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), manual removal of placenta and blood transfusion.ResultsThere was no significant difference in timing of placental delivery (PCD 122 sec vs DCC 123.5 sec, P = 0.717). There were no significant differences in EBL (PCD 425 mL vs DCC 400 mL, P = 0.858), postoperative haemoglobin drop (PCD 12 g/L vs DCC 15 g/L, P = 0.297), PPH rate (PCD 45.8% vs DCC 44.4%, P = 0.893, relative risk (RR) 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66–1.62), manual removal rate (PCD 2.1% vs DCC 4.4%, P = 0.609, RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.04–4.99) or transfusion rate (PCD 4.2% vs DCC 0%, P = 0.495).ConclusionsPCD did not accelerate placental delivery at caesarean compared with DCC. Given that both PCD and DCC groups had faster placental deliveries than quoted in the literature at caesarean (200 sec), it could be postulated that DCC is mimicking the effect of PCD through passive transfusion to the neonate. This supports routine use of DCC at elective caesarean section.
Accommodative–vergence disorders in a paediatric ophthalmology clinical setting in Argentina
Authors: Iurescia Alejandra , Iribarren Rafael , Lanca Carla , Grzybowski Andrzej 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeTo determine the frequency of potential non‐strabismic accommodative–vergence anomalies (NSAVA) and investigate associations between NSAVA, refractive errors and age among children attending a paediatric ophthalmology clinic.MethodsThis study included children and adolescents aged 5–19 years attending an ophthalmology clinic with at least two follow‐up visits. At their first visit, children had a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including refractive error measurement by cycloplegic autorefraction and spectacles were prescribed if necessary. At the second visit, children had an examination of best‐corrected visual acuity, convergence and accommodation to identify potential NSAVA. The relationship between age, sex, heterophoria and refractive error and potential NSAVA was assessed by a multivariable logistic regression model.ResultsA total of 384 children and adolescents were evaluated. Their mean age was 10.97 ± 3.07 years and 58.9% were females. Forty‐two per cent of children failed the NSAVA tests and 34.1% had myopia (≤−0.50 D). Children who failed NSAVA tests self‐reported a higher proportion of reading problems (73.7%) compared to those who passed the tests (26.3%; p < 0.001). Children with self‐reported reading problems were more likely to have accommodative infacility (57.9%) compared with children without (42.1%; p < 0.001). Refractive error and age were not associated with failure in NSAVA tests (p > 0.05).ConclusionsNSAVA was a frequent cause of vision problems found in a sample of children from an ophthalmology paediatric clinic. Thus, further research is necessary to understand the potential of public health policies to prevent, refer, diagnose and treat those conditions.
The spatial development of peripheralisation: The case of smart city projects in Romania
Authors: Dragan Alexandru , Creţan Remus , Bulzan Raluca Denisa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article addresses the uneven territorial growth of the smart city phenomenon and how the national and local spatial politics of urban smart projects work out in practice. While in previous decades the concept of smart city referred mainly to the digital and technological realm as an indicator of the performance of cities, today it is taking on a broader range of meanings, so as to also cover such areas as governance, environment, housing and people. However, the critical literature on smart cities highlights two potential disadvantages: firstly, that urban planners who decide to pursue a smart city vision run the risk of creating a kind of power and control over residents; and secondly that there appears to be an incompatibility between smart cities and the informal. Moreover, the spatial and the critical dimensions of the governance of urban smart projects are still insufficiently researched. By using a comparative and developmental quantitative methodology for the urban smart projects of Romania and taking the city of Timisoara as a case study, this study highlights the fact that large cities are not always the best represented; our findings show that peripheral small cities and towns may enjoy a more balanced distribution of smart projects. Furthermore, our evaluation of the spatial distribution (centre–periphery) of smart city projects in Timişoara—a European Capital of Culture in 2023—reveals a higher level of investment in smart projects in its urban periphery. By presenting new critical understandings of the spatial interrelationships of smart city development, the study contributes to the geography of smart cities.
Results of the first international quality control programme for oral targeted oncolytics
Authors: Giraud Eline L. , te Brake Lindsey M. H. , van den Hombergh Erik C. A. , Desar Ingrid M. E. , Kweekel Dina M. , van Erp Nielka P. 
Published: September 2023

AimsWith the rising number of oral targeted oncolytics and growing awareness of the benefits of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) within the field of oncology, it is expected that the requests for quantifying concentrations of these drugs will increase. It is important to (cross‐)validate available assays and ensure its quality, as results may lead to altered dosing recommendations. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the performance of laboratories measuring concentrations of targeted oral oncolytics in a one‐time international quality control (QC) programme.MethodsParticipating laboratories received a set of plasma samples containing low, medium and high concentrations of imatinib, sunitinib, desethylsunitinib, pazopanib, cabozantinib, olaparib, enzalutamide, desmethylenzalutamide and abiraterone, with the request to report their results back within five weeks after shipment. Accuracy was defined acceptable if measurements where within 85%–115% from the weighed‐in reference concentrations. Besides descriptive statistics, an exploratory ANOVA was performed.ResultsSeventeen laboratories from six countries reported 243 results. Overall, 80.7% of all measurements were within the predefined range of acceptable accuracy. Laboratories performed best in quantifying imatinib and poorest in quantifying desethylsunitinib (median absolute inaccuracy respectively 4.0% (interquartile range (IQR) 1.8%–6.5%) and 15.5% (IQR 8.8%–34.9%)). The poorest performance of desethylsunitinib might be caused by using the stable‐isotope‐labelled sunitinib instead of desethylsunitinib as an internal standard, or due to the light‐induced cis(Z)/trans(E) isomerization of (desethyl)sunitinib. Overall, drug substance and performing laboratory seemed to influence the absolute inaccuracy (F = 16.4; p < 0.001 and F = 35.5; p < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionConsidering this is the first evaluation of an international QC programme for oral targeted oncolytics, an impressive high percentage of measurements were within the predefined range of accuracy. Cross‐validation of assays that are used for dose optimization of oncolytics will secure the performance and will protect patients from incorrect advices.
DYRK2 promotes chemosensitivity via p53‐mediated apoptosis after DNA damage in colorectal cancer
Authors: Takano Yasuhiro , Yogosawa Satomi , Imaizumi Yuta , Kamioka Hiroshi , Kanegae Yumi , Eto Ken , Yoshida Kiyotsugu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDual‐specificity tyrosine‐regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) is a protein kinase that phosphorylates p53‐Ser46 and induces apoptosis in response to DNA damage. However, the relationship between DYRK2 expression and chemosensitivity after DNA damage in colorectal cancer has not been well investigated. The aim of the present study was to examine whether DYRK2 could be a novel marker for predicting chemosensitivity after 5‐fluorouracil‐ and oxaliplatin‐induced DNA damage in colorectal cancer. Here we showed that DYRK2 knockout decreased the chemosensitivity to 5‐fluorouracil and oxaliplatin in p53 wild‐type colorectal cancer cells, whereas the chemosensitivity remained unchanged in p53‐deficient/mutated colorectal cancer cells. In addition, no significant differences in chemosensitivity to 5‐fluorouracil and oxaliplatin between scramble and siDYRK2 p53(−/−) colorectal cancer cells were observed. Conversely, the combination of adenovirus‐mediated overexpression of DYRK2 with 5‐fluorouracil or oxaliplatin enhanced apoptosis and chemosensitivity through p53‐Ser46 phosphorylation in p53 wild‐type colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, DYRK2 knockout decreased chemosensitivity to 5‐fluorouracil and oxaliplatin in p53 wild‐type xenograft mouse models. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that DYRK2 expression was associated with chemosensitivity to 5‐fluorouracil and oxaliplatin in p53 wild‐type colorectal cancer, suggesting the importance of evaluating the p53 status and DYRK2 expression as a novel marker in therapeutic strategies for colorectal cancer.
A newly synthesized thiosemicarbazide derivative trigger apoptosis rather than necroptosis on HEPG2 cell line
Authors: Başoğlu‐Ünal Faika , Becer Eda , Ensarioğlu Hilal Kabadayı , ‐Güzeldemirci Nuray Ulusoy , Kuran Ebru Didem , Vatansever H. Seda 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThiosemicarbazide derivatives have been the focus of scientists owing to their broad biological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti‐inflammatory. Herein, we designed and synthesized a new thiosemicarbazide derivative (TS‐1) and evaluated its antiproliferative potential against the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HEPG2) and human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (ECV‐304). Also, it was aimed to investigate the necroptotic and apoptotic cell death effects of TS‐1 in HEPG2 cells, and these effects were supported by molecular docking. The new synthesized compound structure was characterized using various spectroscopic methods such as FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and elemental analysis. The cytotoxic activity of the tested compound was measured by the MTT assay. Apoptotic and necroptotic properties of the TS‐1 were evaluated by indirect immunoperoxidase method using antibodies against Ki‐67, Bax, Bcl‐2, caspase‐3, caspase‐8, caspase‐9, RIP3, and RIPK1. Apoptotic and necroptotic effects of TS‐1 were supported by molecular docking. Compound TS‐1 was synthesized as a pure compound with a high yield. The effective value of TS‐1 was 10 μM in HEPG2 cells. TS‐1 did not show any cytotoxic effect on ECV‐304. Caspase‐3 and RIPK1 immunoreactivities were significantly increased in HEPG2 cells after being treated with TS‐1. As the results of the molecular docking studies, the molecular docking showed that the TS‐1 exhibits H‐bond interaction with various significant amino acid residues in the active site of both RIPK1. It could be concluded that TS‐1 could be a promising novel therapeutic agent by inducing apoptosis rather than necroptosis in HEPG2 cells.
Young children intuitively organize numbers on straight, horizontal lines from left to right before the onset of formal instruction
Authors: Nuraydin Sevim , Stricker Johannes , Schneider Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe number line estimation task is frequently used to measure children's numerical magnitude understanding. It is unclear whether the resulting straight, horizontal, left‐to‐right‐oriented estimate patterns indicate task constraints or children's intuitive number–space mapping. Three‐ to six‐year‐old children (N = 72, Mage = 4.89, 56% girls, 94% German citizenship) were asked to explain the meaning of numbers to a teddy by laying out a rope and attaching cards showing non‐symbolic numerosities (dots) to it. Most children intuitively created straight, horizontal, and left‐to‐right‐oriented representations. Characteristics of the line correlated with age, mathematical competencies, and home numeracy. This demonstrates the usefulness of the number line estimation task for assessing how children intuitively map numbers onto space.
Cryptocurrency and African fiat currencies: A peaceful coexistence?
Authors: Kumah Seyram P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study examines the asymmetric behaviour of Bitcoin relative to six major African fiat currencies (Egyptian Pound, Cedi, ZAR, Naira, Rupee and Dinar) for the period 10 August 2015 to 31 December 2022. The time and frequency information in the time series of the currencies were captured applying the ensemble empirical mode decomposition. The quantile regression (QR) and quantile‐in‐quantile regression (QQR) were applied on the decomposed series to examine the connections among the currencies at different currency regimes across time. The empirical results show that both QR and QQR can adequately capture the time‐varying asymmetric behaviour of the currencies across time. The results range from weak to very strong dependencies albeit both negative and positive across different quantiles. Our findings suggest that except for ZAR, Bitcoin is a viable alternative currency to African reserve currencies from the medium‐term since it can hedge depreciation and forex risk of the fiat currencies. Based on the findings of this study, we recommend that forex traders and policymakers in Africa should adopt Bitcoin as an alternative currency to African currencies in the medium‐term to mitigate currency crises in the continent.
Direct reciprocity among humans
Authors: Rossetti Charlotte S. L. , Hilbe Christian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDirect reciprocity is the tendency to repay others' cooperation. This tendency can be crucial to maintain cooperation in evolving populations. Once direct reciprocity evolves, individuals have a long‐run interest to cooperate, even if it is costly in the short run. The major theoretical framework to describe reciprocal behavior is the repeated prisoner's dilemma. Over the past decades, this game has been the major workhorse to predict when reciprocal cooperation ought to evolve, and which strategies individuals are supposed to adopt. Herein, we compare these predictions with the empirical evidence from experiments with human subjects. From a theory‐driven perspective, humans represent an ideal test case, because they give researchers the most flexibility to tailor the experimental design to the assumptions of a model. Overall, we find that theoretical models describe well in which situations people cooperate. However, in the important case of “indefinitely repeated games,” they have difficulties to predict which strategies people use.
SDbQfSum: Query‐focused summarization framework based on diversity and text semantic analysis
Authors: Mohamed Muhidin , Oussalah Mourad , Chang Victor 
Published: September 2023

AbstractQuery‐focused multi‐document summarization (Qf‐MDS) is a sub‐task of automatic text summarization that aims to extract a substitute summary from a document cluster of the same topic and based on a user query. Unlike other summarization tasks, Qf‐MDS has specific research challenges including the differences and similarities across related document sets, the high degree of redundancy inherent in the summaries created from multiple related sources, relevance to the given query, topic diversity in the produced summary and the small source‐to‐summary compression ratio. In this work, we propose a semantic diversity feature based query‐focused extractive summarizer (SDbQfSum) built on powerful text semantic representation techniques underpinned with Wikipedia commonsense knowledge in order to address the query‐relevance, centrality, redundancy and diversity challenges. Specifically, a semantically parsed document text is combined with knowledge‐based vectorial representation to extract effective sentence importance and query‐relevance features. The proposed monolingual summarizer is evaluated on a standard English dataset for automatic query‐focused summarization tasks, that is, the DUC2006 dataset. The obtained results show that our summarizer outperforms most state‐of‐the‐art related approaches on one or more ROUGE measures achieving 0.418, 0.092 and 0.152 in ROUGE‐1, ROUGE‐2, and ROUGE‐SU4 respectively. It also attains competitive performance with the slightly outperforming system(s), for example, the difference between our system's result and best system in ROUGE‐1 is just 0.006. We also found through the conducted experiments that our proposed custom cluster merging algorithm significantly reduces information redundancy while maintaining topic diversity across documents.
Patterns and drivers of prokaryotic communities in thermokarst lake water across Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Kang Luyao , Chen Leiyi , Li Ziliang , Wang Jianjun , Xue Kai , Deng Ye , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Song Yutong , Zhang Dianye , Yang Guibiao , Zhou Wei , Liu Xuning , Liu Futing , Yang Yuanhe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimThe formation of thermokarst lakes could make a large amount of carbon accessible to microbial degradation, potentially intensifying the permafrost carbon‐climate feedback via carbon dioxide/methane emissions. Because of their diverse functional roles, prokaryotes could strongly mediate biogeochemical cycles in thermokarst lakes. However, little is known about the large‐scale patterns and drivers of these communities.LocationPermafrost regions in the Northern Hemisphere.Time periodPresent day.Major taxa studiedProkaryotes.MethodsBased on a combination of large‐scale measurements on the Tibetan Plateau and data syntheses in pan‐Arctic regions, we constructed a comprehensive dataset of 16S rRNA sequences from 258 thermokarst lakes across Northern Hemisphere permafrost regions. We also used the local contributions to beta diversity (LCBD) to characterize the variance of prokaryotic species composition and screened underlying drivers by conducting a random forest modelling analysis.ResultsProkaryotes in thermokarst lake water were dominated by the orders Burkholderiales, Micrococcales, Flavobacteriales and Frankiales. The relative abundance of dominant taxa was positively associated with dissolved organic matter (DOM) properties, especially for the chromophoric/aromatic compounds. Microbial structure differed between high‐altitude and high‐latitude thermokarst lakes, with the dominance of Flavobacterium in high‐altitude lakes, and the enrichment of Polynucleobacter in high‐latitude lakes. More importantly, climatic variables were among the main drivers shaping the large‐scale variation of prokaryotic communities. Specifically, mean annual precipitation was the best predictor for prokaryotic beta diversity across the Northern Hemisphere, as well as in the high‐altitude permafrost regions, while mean annual air temperature played a key role in the high‐latitude thermokarst lakes.Main conclusionsOur findings demonstrate significant associations between dominant taxa and DOM properties, as well as the important role of climatic factors in affecting prokaryotic communities. These findings suggest that climatic change may alter DOM conditions and induce dynamics in prokaryotic communities of thermokarst lake water in the Northern Hemisphere.
Reshaping gendered norms in entrepreneurship: Incorporating gender identity and entrepreneurial practice
Authors: Boddington Monique Ingrid 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a practice theoretical conception of gender in entrepreneurship, emphasizing the potential of reflexivity and collective agency to reshape gendered norms. While the literature recognizes the fluidity of gender and its intersectional nature, it often overlooks how social phenomena are produced and relate to each other. The main aim of this is to show, not just how, gendered norms of entrepreneurial practice inhibit practice (which has been extensively covered) but how identity and the individualized practice of entrepreneurship, can shift gendered norms of entrepreneurial practice. Drawing upon the theories of Pierre Bourdieu and Margaret Archer, this paper proposes a more integrative approach to identity and gendered norms, embedded within a social realist approach. The author highlights the need for structural renegotiation in entrepreneurship through reflexivity. Given how norms self‐naturalize, individual practice of diverse gendered practices in entrepreneurship is not enough to create long‐term sustainable change and support for diverse gendered practices. Instead, this paper proposes an integrative approach to identity and gendered norms, emphasizing the potential of individuals to shift structural norms, through collective action. This study suggests that a more balanced understanding of the interplay between context and identity can assist in the design of support for non‐traditional gendered practices and provide new insights into how gendered norms impact entrepreneurial activity.
Heterogeneities of the impact of public health policies on HIV/AIDS indicators in Brazil according to sociodemographic factors: A real‐life study
Authors: Sudovec‐Somogyi Julie V. , Krakauer Felipe , Ferreira Alexandre A. , Stabellini Nickolas , Rick Fernanda , Avelino‐Silva Vivian I. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe impact of specific policies on HIV care has been scarcely investigated. In this study we aimed to analyze the impact of the Treatment For All policy (TFA‐2013) and the adoption of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs‐2017) as first‐line therapy on clinical indicators of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Brazil.MethodsWe assessed the public database of Brazil's Ministry of Health and extracted data from 2009 to 2019. We investigated the impact of TFA and INSTIs with a time‐series analysis of four health indicators in PLHIV: antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation with a CD4+ count >500/mm3; ART initiation <1 month after the first CD4+ measurement; viral load suppression (VLS); and treatment adherence. We explored trends over time by gender, age, macroregion of residency and municipal‐level social vulnerability index.ResultsWe included 753 316 PLHIV in 2019. Most were males (64.81%) in the 30–49 years age category (50.86%). We observed an overall improvement in all HIV clinical indicators, with notable impact of TFA on timely ART initiation and VLS, and mild impact of INSTIs on treatment adherence. Such improvements were heterogeneous, with remarkable gaps in gender, age and socioeconomic groups that have persisted over time. Indicators point to inferior outcomes among children, older adults, women and people living in socially vulnerable locations.ConclusionsRecent Brazilian public policies have had positive impacts on key HIV clinical indicators. However, our results highlight the need for specific policies to improve HIV care for children, older adults, women and socially vulnerable groups.