bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Undernutrition and elevated blood lead levels: effects on psychomotor development among Jamaican children
Authors: Gardner Julie Meeks , Walker Susan P , Chang Susan M , Vutchkov Mitko , Lalor Gerald C 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjective:We examined whether or not the effect of elevated blood lead levels on children's psychomotor development was modified by their nutritional status.Design:Anthropometry, developmental quotients (DQs), blood lead levels and haemoglobin were measured in lead exposed and unexposed children with different levels of nutritional status. Social background and maternal height and verbal intelligence were also measured. Testers, anthropometrists and interviewers established reliabilities with a trainer before the study began.Setting:Children were from two suburban areas in Kingston, Jamaica. All measurements on the children were carried out at a research unit. Social background and maternal measurements were carried out at the children's homes.Subjects:The exposed group comprised 58 children (3–6 years) attending the same preschool which was situated in a lead contaminated environment. The unexposed group comprised 53 children attending a nearby preschool without lead contamination.Results:The exposed children had significantly higher blood lead levels and lower DQs, and their homes had poorer facilities than the unexposed children. The deficit in DQ was greater (10.6 points) among children with weight for height less than –1 SD (National Center for Health Statistics references) than among better nourished Children (2 points).Conclusions:Undernourished children exposed to lead may have more serious developmental deficits than better nourished children.
The relationship between spermine content of human milk during the first postnatal month and allergy in children
Authors: Peulen Olivier , Dewé Walthère , Dandrifosse Guy , Henrotay Isabelle , Romain Nadine 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDesign:Qualitative case study and mathematical model.Setting:Belgium.Objectives:To evaluate the correlation between the polyamine mean concentration of the milk drunk during the first postnatal month and the appearance of allergy in children who drank this milk.Results:A model that describes the dependence of the allergy appearance with the spermine mean concentration of milk drunk during the first postnatal month was established.Conclusions:This model shows that 5.02 nmol ml−1 of spermine is a critical value to prevent the appearance of allergy.
Factors which influence ‘healthy’ eating patterns: results from the 1993 Health Education Authority health and lifestyle survey in England
Authors: Margetts BM , Thompson RL , Speller V , McVey D 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjective:This study explores the factors that influence eating patterns in a nationally representative sample of the English population.Design:Subjects were interviewed in 1993; questions covered basic demographic details, attitudes about nutrition, and they completed a short food frequency questionnaire that had previously been validated. Cluster analysis was used to summarize dietary intake into more or less healthy clusters.Setting:A random sample ofthe English population.Subjects:A cross-sectional survey of 5553 men and women (response rate 70%) aged between 16 and 74 years.Results:As defined from the cluster analysis about half the sample were currently reporting a more healthy diet; respondents in the better educated middle-aged demographic cluster were more likely to report eating a more healthy diet than respondents in the younger lower-income family cluster. About three-quarters of all respondents believed that they either already ate a healthy diet or had changed to a healthy diet in the last 3 years. For those respondents who said they were eating a healthy diet about half of them were eating a more healthy diet. Respondents who had not changed their diet were more likely than those who had to believe that healthy foods were just another fashion (men 34% v. 13%; women 30% v. 12%). or expensive (men 50% v. 35%; women 53% v. 40%); they were less likely to care about what they ate (men 45% v. 13%; women 27% v. 7%). Nearly three-quarters of all respondents agreed that experts never agree about what foods are good for you. Younger, low-income families, and those who smoked, were the group least likely to be eating a more healthy diet.Conclusions:The results of this study suggest that about half of the population has reported a change to a healthier diet over the last 3 years and that overall about half of the population report eating a healthy diet. Those who had not made any change and were currently reporting a less healthy diet were more likely to smoke and come from the 'worse off' group in the survey; they were also more likely to hold negative attitudes about healthy eating. A more focused and integrated approach to promoting Dietary change healthy lifestyle in general is required, while at the same time ensuring that there is healthy eating continued support for the majority of the population who have made healthy dietary Cluster analysis changes.
Validation with biological markers for food intake of a dietary assessment method used by Swedish women with three different with dietary preferences
Authors: Johansson Gunnar , Åkesson Agneta , Berglund Marika , Nermell Barbro , Vahter Marie 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjectives:To validate a dietary assessment method, a 4-day food record together with a duplicate portion technique, with biological markers for food intake.Design:Four days of duplicate portions were collected in parallel with food recording. A 24-h urine sample and the faeces corresponding to the food intake (using a coloured marker) were collected. Completeness of urine and faeces collections was assessed using para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in urine and cadmium in faeces, respectively. Biomarkers of food intake (energy, protein, fibre, sodium, potassium, calcium) were measured in urine and faeces.Setting:Swedish west coast.Subjects:Non-smoking Swedish women, 20–50 years of age, consuming a mixed diet (n=34), a mixed diet rich in shellfish (n=17) or a vegetarian/high-fibre diet (n=23).Results:The average ratio (food intake according to the dietary assessment methods/biological marker) for protein, sodium, potassium and calcium was 0.86. This indicates an underestimation of the food intake by approximately 15%. The ratio of stated fibre intake to biological marker was 1.20 for the mixed diet and the vegetarian diet group, indicating an overestimation by approximately 20%.Conclusions:The underestimation of the intake of protein, sodium, potassium and calcium by all three groups and the overestimation of the fibre intake by two groups indicate that underreporting is selective to certain nutrients and foods and to various groups of people. The two dependent dietary assessment methods were equally good in measuring protein intake, which indicates that the women recorded what they actually duplicated.
A comparison of selected nutrient intakes derived from three diet assessment methods used in a low-fat maintenance trial
Authors: Hebert James R , Hurley Thomas G , Chiriboga David E , Barone Jeanine 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjective:In the vast majority of surveys and research in humans, dietary data are obtained from self-reports: recalls; records; or historical methods, usually food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). This study provides a rare opportunity to compare data derived from all three methods.Design:A crossover study of dietary fat in which data were collected using an average of 11.4 food records and 11.7 24-h diet recalls. Using simple subtraction and correlation, energy and nutrient intakes derived from the three methods were compared to each other and with those derived from a single FFQ. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate sources of variability in nutrient intakes estimated from the individual days of records and recalls.Setting:An independent, free-standing medical research institute.Subjects:13 men who were compliant with study procedures.Results:FFQ-derived estimates of energy and nutrient intake were highest (e.g. 1967 kcal versus 1858 kcal and 1936 kcal for the records and recalls, respectively). Mean differences in energy and nutrient intakes and their variances were lowest and correlation coefficients highest in comparing the records and recalls (e.g. for fat the mean difference was 5.0 g, and r=0.85). Analysis of variance of individual days of record- and recall-derived datd (n=300) revealed that there was no effect due to either method (record or recall) or the sequence of administration.Conclusions:Results of this study indicate that the FFQ overestimated dietary intake. Energy and nutrient results obtained from the records and recalls were interchangeable. However, based on smaller SDs around the means, it appears that the recalls may perform slightly better in estimating dietary intake in groups such as these well-educated, highly compliant men.
The nutritional status of older Rwandan refugees
Authors: Pieterse Simone , Manandhar Mary , Ismail Suraiya 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjective:To assess the nutritional status of older people in an unstable situation.Design:Anthropometric and socioeconomic data were collected cross-sectionally. Body mass index (BMI), arm muscle area (AMA) and arm fat area (AFA) were calculated to evaluate nutritional status. For 41 subjects with kyphosis, height was estimated from arm span using sex-specific regression equations from the non-kyphotic group.Setting:The study was carried out in the post-emergency phase in a Rwandan refugee camp in Karagwe district, north-west Tanzania.Subjects:Measurements were obtained from 413 men and 415 women aged 50–92 years.Results:The prevalence of undernutrition (BMI < 18.5) was 19.5% in men and 13.1% in women and was higher above age 60 years in both sexes: in men the prevalences were 23.2% and 15.0% (P < 0.05) and in women 15.1% and 10.9% for the older and younger age groups respectively. AMA, which is important in relation to the ability to remain active and independent, was also significantly lower in older age groups. No difference was found in AFA. The proportion with low BMI was much higher in the group with kyphosis.Conclusions:Even in this population of older Rwandans who managed to reach the camp and survive in exile for more than a year, undernutrition does occur and is more prevalent at an advanced age. The higher prevalence of undernutrition in kyphotic people illustrates the importance of including this group in nutritional status assessments.
The modified Misgav‐Ladach versus the Pfannenstiel–Kerr technique for cesarean section: a randomized trial
Authors: Xavier Pedro , Ayres‐De‐Campos Diogo , Reynolds Ana , Guimarães Mariana , Costa‐Santos Cristina , Patrício Belmiro 
Published: August 2005

Background.  Modifications to the classic cesarean section technique described by Pfannenstiel and Kerr have been proposed in the last few years. The objective of this trial was to compare intraoperative and short‐term postoperative outcomes between the Pfannenstiel–Kerr and the modified Misgav‐Ladach (MML) techniques for cesarean section.Methods.  This prospective randomized trial involved 162 patients undergoing transverse lower uterine segment cesarean section. Patients were allocated to one of the two arms: 88 to the MML technique and 74 to the Pfannenstiel–Kerr technique. Main outcome measures were defined as the duration of surgery, analgesic requirements, and bowel restitution by the second postoperative day. Additional outcomes evaluated were febrile morbidity, postoperative antibiotic use, postpartum endometritis, and wound complications. Student's t, Mann–Whitney, and Chi‐square tests were used for statistical analysis of the results, and a p < 0.05 was considered as the probability level reflecting significant differences.Results.  No differences between groups were noted in the incidence of analgesic requirements, bowel restitution by the second postoperative day, febrile morbidity, antibiotic requirements, endometritis, or wound complications. The MML technique took on average 12 min less to complete (p = 0.001).Conclusion.  The MML technique is faster to perform and similar in terms of febrile morbidity, time to bowel restitution, or need for postoperative medications. It is likely to be more cost‐effective.
Differences in aspects of personality and sexuality between perimenopausal women making different choices regarding prophylactic oophorectomy at elective hysterectomy
Authors: Aziz Adel , Bergquist Christer , Brännström Mats , Nordholm Lena , Silfverstolpe Gunnar 
Published: August 2005

Background.  Retrospective studies have indicated differences in sexuality and general psychological well‐being between women who have undergone hysterectomy only and those undergoing hysterectomy and oophorectomy. These differences may be the result of dissimilarities in the groups of women who choose the respective operation.Objective.  To compare the preoperative characteristics of women who choose to undergo prophylactic oophorectomy with the corresponding characteristics of those who choose to retain their ovaries when undergoing hysterectomy on benign indication.Population.  Perimenopausal women (aged 45–55), scheduled for hysterectomy on benign indication, were evaluated within 2 months before surgery. A total of 217 women chose hysterectomy only and 106 women chose hysterectomy with concomitant prophylactic oophorectomy.Methods.  Socioeconomic and health data, personality (Karolinska Scale of Personality), sexuality (McCoy's Female Sexuality Questionnaire), well‐being (Psychological General Well‐Being index), the prevalence of climacteric symptoms (modified Kupperman's index) and the women's attitude to hormone replacement therapy were investigated.Results.  Women who later underwent prophylactic oophorectomy in addition to hysterectomy had higher anxiety‐related scores, lower sexual variable scores and poorer emotional partner relationships. This group was also characterized by more episodes of irregular bleeding, a greater prevalence of climacteric symptoms and a more extensive use of hormonal replacement therapy, in comparison with women who later underwent hysterectomy only.Conclusion.  Personality, sexuality and the nature and severity of preoperative symptoms in women who chose prophylactic oophorectomy differ markedly from the same variables in those who chose to keep their ovaries at elective hysterectomy. These differences must be taken into consideration when evaluating studies comparing these aspects of quality of life after hysterectomy or hysterectomy with concomitant oophorectomy. Furthermore, psychosexual aspects such as sexuality and well‐being can not be reliably studied with a retrospective design in these patient groups.
Do foreign‐born women in Sweden have an increased risk of non‐normal childbirth?
Authors: Robertson Eva , Malmström Marianne , Johansson Sven‐Erik 
Published: August 2005

Background.  In this cross‐sectional study, we analyze whether foreign‐born women in Sweden had more non‐normal childbirths than Swedish‐born women during 1996–1998, adjusting for age, parity, level of education, number of antenatal care visits, and complications in pregnancy.Methods.  The study includes 215 497 singleton deliveries (including the first childbirth of each woman during the time period) of women aged 18–47 in Sweden during 1996–1998, divided into 12 subgroups of countries. The risk of non‐normal birth was analyzed by means of logistic regression.Results.  Women from Sub‐Saharan Africa, Iran, Asia, and Latin America had a higher age‐adjusted risk of non‐normal childbirth than Swedish‐born women that remained and even increased for the African and Latin American women in the main effect model. Interactions between country of birth and antenatal care visits showed that women from Sub‐Saharan Africa, Iran, Asia, and Latin America had almost 50% higher risk of non‐normal birth with ≥13 antenatal care visits than Swedish‐born women. Interactions between country of birth and complications in pregnancy showed that women from Turkey, Iran, Asia, and Latin America had over 50% higher risk of non‐normal birth than the Swedish‐born women.Conclusions.  This study shows an association between being foreign‐born and non‐normal childbirth. Questions can be raised whether we are aware of, pay sufficient attention to, and allocate sufficient resources for these women at higher risk of non‐normal birth in maternity care.
Anatomical basis for nerve‐sparing radical hysterectomy: immunohistochemical study of the pelvic autonomic nerves
Authors: Maas Cornelis P. , Kenter Gemma G. , Trimbos J. Baptist , Deruiter Marco C. 
Published: August 2005

Background.  Autonomic nerve damage plays a crucial role in the etiology of bladder dysfunction, sexual dysfunction, and colorectal motility disorders that occur after radical hysterectomy. We investigated the extent and nature of nerve damage in conventional and nerve‐sparing radical hysterectomy.Methods.  Macroscopical disruption of nerves was assessed through anatomical dissection after conventional and nerve‐sparing surgery on five fixed and one fresh cadaver. Immunohistochemical analysis of surgical margins was performed to confirm nerve damage using a general nerve marker (S100) and a sympathetic nerve marker (anti‐tyrosine hydroxylase) within sections of biopsies.Results.  Macroscopical dissection showed that in the conventional procedure, transsection of the uterosacral ligaments resulted in disruption of the major part of the hypogastric nerve. After nerve‐sparing surgery, only the medial branches of the hypogastric nerve appeared disrupted. Division of the cardinal ligaments in the conventional procedure identified the inferior hypogastric plexus running into the most posterior border of the surgical margin. The anterior part of the plexus was disrupted. Dissection of the nerves after the nerve‐sparing procedure showed that this anterior part of the plexus was not involved in the surgical dissection line. Dissection of the vesicouterine ligament disrupted only small nerves on the medial border of the inferior hypogastric plexus in both techniques. Microscopical evaluation of the surgical margins confirmed the macroscopical findings.Conclusion.  Conventional radical hysterectomy results in disruption of a substantial part of the pelvic autonomic nerves. The nerve‐sparing modification leads to macroscopic reduction in nerve disruption which is substantiated by microscopical evaluation of surgical margins.
Placental expression of nitric oxide synthase during HELLP syndrome: the correlation with maternal–fetal Doppler velocimetry
Authors: Tranquilli Andrea L. , Giannubilo Stefano R. , Tedeschi Elisa , Bezzeccheri Valeria , Suzuki Hisanori , Menegazzi Marta 
Published: August 2005

Background.  To correlate Doppler waveform of the uterine and umbilical vessels to placental nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression in pregnant women with HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets count) syndrome.Methods.  mRNA expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) was assessed, after cesarean section, in placental samples from 10 women affected by HELLP syndrome and 10 controls. Pulsatility indices on Doppler waveform analysis from uterine and umbilical arteries were measured.Results.  iNOS expression was significantly lower in placenta from women with HELLP syndrome than controls. When comparing the results with Doppler flow measurements, we found a negative correlation between umbilical pulsatility index and eNOS expression (r = −0.91) and a positive correlation with iNOS expression (r = 0.86).Conclusions.  The reduced iNOS expression in women with HELLP syndrome may indicate the extreme placental dysfunction that is unable to compensate for the endothelial derangement and related hypertension in spite of trying to improve fetoplacental perfusion and the delivery of nutrients to the fetus.
Fluorescent in situ hybridization: an effective and less costly technique for genetic evaluation of products of conception in pregnancy losses
Authors: Fejgin Moshe D. , Pomeranz Meir , Liberman Meytal , Fishman Ami , Amiel Aliza 
Published: August 2005

Objective.  In this study, we applied the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique and compared the common numerical abnormalities with chromosomes 13, 16, 18, 21, X, and Y in spontaneous to artificial abortion. This would cover about 75% of the common aneuploidy in spontaneous abortion.Methods.  Placentas were taken from 59 patients with a first trimester spontaneous abortion and 61 patients who underwent an elective first trimester pregnancy termination. The range of growth was from 5 to 12 gestational weeks. Placentas were processed according to direct chorionic villi preparation. Direct dual color FISH was performed according to Vysis protocol with the probes for the following chromosomes: 13, 16, 18, 21, X, and Y.Results.  The aneuploidy rate in spontaneous abortion was 55.9% and in artificial abortion 8.2%. There was a significant difference between the two groups in the aneuploidy rate (P = 6 × 10−9).Conclusion.  FISH is a rapid, efficient, and relatively inexpensive tool in detecting aneuploidy in placentas from cases of spontaneous abortions. Our rate of detected aneuploidy is compatible with other reports in which conventional cytogenetics was utilized.
Influence of misoprostol (PGE1) on amniotic fluid and maternal serum adrenomedullin levels
Authors: Hascalik Seyma , Celik Onder , Dogru M. Ilker , Kocagun Dogru Arzu , Inan Esma , Yurekli Muhittin 
Published: August 2005

Objective.  The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of adrenomedullin (AdM) in amniotic fluid (AF) and maternal serum of misoprostol (PGE1)‐induced pregnant women.Materials and methods.  A total of 40 women were included in the study: 20 were in active labor and were delivered vaginally and a further 20 were not in labor and misoprostol induction was performed. Women who were undergoing labor induction received 50 µg of misoprostol, which was placed in the posterior fornix of the vagina every 4 hrs until the onset of labor. In each patient, maternal plasma and AF samples were collected. Samples of AF were collected by transvaginal route at the time of rupture of the membranes. The labor was at the same stage in both the groups during the sample collection. In all pregnant subjects, maternal blood samples were drawn from the cubital vein at the time of AF sampling. Amniotic fluid and serum AdM concentration was measured by using reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography.Results.  Misoprostol‐induced pregnant women showed significantly higher AdM concentrations than control pregnant women in AF (79.48 ± 6.14 pmol/ml versus 21.28 ± 0.90 pmol/ml, P = 0.000) and maternal serum (88.20 ± 4.34 pmol/ml versus 29.78 ± 4.51 pmol/ml, P = 0.000). There was no significant difference between maternal serum and AF‐AdM concentrations in misoprostol and control subjects.Conclusion.  Increased serum and AF‐AdM concentrations may be necessary to initiate cervical ripening in misoprostol‐induced pregnant women.