bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cuticular wax compositions and crystal coverage of leaves and petals differ in a consistent manner between plant species
Authors: Tunstad Sverre A. , Bull Ian D. , Rands Sean A. , Whitney Heather M. 
Published: November 2023

1AbstractBoth leaves and petals are covered in a cuticle, which itself contains and is covered by, cuticular waxes. The waxes perform various roles in plants’ lives, and the cuticular composition of leaves has received much attention. To date, the cuticular composition of petals has been largely ignored. Being the outermost boundary between the plant and the environment, the cuticle is the first point of contact between a flower and a pollinator, yet we know little about how plant-pollinator interactions shape its chemical composition. Here, we investigate the general structure and composition of floral cuticular waxes by analysing the cuticular composition of leaves and petals of 49 plant species, representing 19 orders and 27 families. We show that the flowers of plants from across the phylogenetic range are nearly devoid of wax crystals, and that the total wax load of leaves in 90% of the species is higher than that of petals. The proportion of alkanes is higher, and the chain-lengths of the aliphatic compounds are shorter in petals than in leaves. We argue these differences are a result of the adaptation to the different roles leaves and petals play in plant biology.
Efficient and sustained optogenetic control of sensory and cardiac systems
Authors: Alekseev Alexey , Hunniford Victoria , Zerche Maria , Jeschke Marcus , May Fadhel El , Vavakou Anna , Siegenthaler Dominique , Hüser Marc A. , Kiehn Svenja M. , Garrido-Charles Aida , Meyer Alexander , Rambousky Adrian , Alvanos Theocharis , Witzke Isabel , Rojas-Garcia Keila Dara , Draband Martin , Cyganek Lukas , Klein Eric , Ruther Patrick , Huet Antoine , Trenholm Stuart , Macé Emilie , Kusch Kathrin , Bruegmann Tobias , Wolf Bettina J. , Mager Thomas , Moser Tobias 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOptogenetic control of cells is a key life sciences method and promises novel therapies. Here we report on ChReef, an improved variant of the channelrhodopsin ChRmine. ChReef offers minimal photocurrent desensitization, a unitary conductance of 80 fS and closing kinetics of 30 ms, which together enable reliable optogenetic control of cells at low light levels (nano-Joule) with good temporal fidelity and allows sustained stimulation. We demonstrate efficient and reliable red-light pacing and depolarization block of ChReef-expressing cardiomyocyte clusters. Towards clinical application we used AAV-based gene transfer to express ChReef in retinal ganglion cells where it restores visual function in blind mice with light sources as weak as an iPad screen. Toward optogenetic hearing restoration, ChReef enables stimulation of the auditory pathway in rodents and non-human primates with nano-Joule threshold enabling efficient and frequency-specific stimulation by LED-based optical cochlear implants. Thus, ChReef bears great potential for life sciences and clinical application.
Determinants of spring migration departure dates in a New World sparrow: weather variables reign supreme
Authors: Byrd Allison J. , Talbott Katherine M. , Smiley Tara M. , Verrett Taylor B. , Gross Michael S. , Hladik Michelle L. , Ketterson Ellen D. , Becker Daniel J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNumerous factors influence the timing of spring migration in birds, yet the relative importance of intrinsic and extrinsic variables on migration initiation remains unclear. To test for interactions among weather, migration distance, parasitism, and physiology in determining spring departure date, we used Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis hyemalis) as a model migratory species known to harbor diverse and common haemosporidian parasites. Prior to spring migration departure from their wintering grounds in Indiana, USA, we quantified the intrinsic variables of fat, body condition (i.e., mass∼tarsus residuals), physiological stress (i.e., ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes), cellular immunity (i.e., leukocyte composition and total count), migration distance (i.e., distance to the breeding grounds) using stable isotopes of hydrogen from feathers, and haemosporidian parasite intensity. We then attached nanotags to determine the timing of spring migration departure date using the Motus Wildlife Tracking System. We used additive Cox proportional hazard mixed models to test how risk of spring migratory departure was predicted by the combined intrinsic measures, along with meteorological predictors on the evening of departure (i.e., average wind speed and direction, relative humidity, and temperature). Model comparisons found that the best predictor of spring departure date was average nightly wind direction and a principal component combining relative humidity and temperature. Juncos were more likely to depart for spring migration on nights with largely southwestern winds and on warmer and drier evenings (relative to cooler and more humid evenings). Our results indicate that weather conditions at take-off are more critical to departure decisions than the measured physiological and parasitism variables.
Microglia undergo transcriptional, translational and functional adaptations to dark and light phases in laboratory mice
Authors: Mattei Daniele , Ivanov Andranik , Hammer Jacqueline , Ugursu Bilge , Schalbetter Sina , Richetto Juliet , Weber-Stadelbauer Ulrike , Mueller Flavia , Scarborough Joseph , Wolf Susanne A , Kettenmann Helmut , Wollscheid Bernd , Beule Dieter , Meyer Urs 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMicroglia cells are increasingly recognized to contribute to brain health and disease. Preclinical studies using laboratory rodents are essential to advance our understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological functions of these cells in the central nervous system. Rodents are nocturnal animals, and they are mostly maintained in a defined light–dark cycle within animal facilities, with many laboratories investigating microglial molecular and functional profiles during the animals’ light (sleep) phase. However, only a few studies have considered possible differences in microglial functions between the active and sleep phases. Based on initial evidence suggesting that microglial intrinsic clock genes can affect their phenotype, we sought to investigate differences in transcriptional, proteotype and functional profiles of microglia between light (sleep) and dark (active) phases, and how these changes are affected in pathological models. We found marked transcriptional and proteotype differences between microglia harvested during the light or dark phase. Amongst others, these differences related to genes and proteins associated with immune responses, motility, and phagocytosis, which were reflected by functional alterations in microglial synaptic pruning and response to bacterial stimuli. Possibly accounting for such circadian changes, we found RNA and protein regulation in SWI/SNF and NuRD chromatin remodeling complexes between light and dark phases. Importantly, we show that microglial circadian transcriptional changes are impaired in a model of immune-mediated neurodevelopmental disorders. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering circadian factors in studying microglial cells and indicate that implementing a circadian perspective is pivotal for advancing our understanding of their physiological and pathophysiological roles in brain health and disease. This may also open novel avenues towards therapeutic strategies for modulating microglial functions during specific windows of the active or sleep phase.
A nuclear architecture screen inDrosophilaidentifies Stonewall as a link between chromatin position at the nuclear periphery and germline stem cell fate
Authors: Chavan Ankita , Isenhart Randi , Nguyen Son C. , Kotb Noor , Harke Jailynn , Sintsova Anna , Ulukaya Gulay , Uliana Federico , Ashiono Caroline , Kutay Ulrike , Pegoraro Gianluca , Rangan Prashanth , Joyce Eric F. , Jagannathan Madhav 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe association of genomic loci to the nuclear periphery is proposed to facilitate cell-type specific gene repression and influence cell fate decisions. However, the interplay between gene position and expression remains incompletely understood, in part because the proteins that position genomic loci at the nuclear periphery remain unidentified. Here, we used an Oligopaint-based HiDRO screen targeting ∼1000 genes to discover novel regulators of nuclear architecture inDrosophilacells. We identified the heterochromatin-associated protein, Stonewall (Stwl), as a factor promoting perinuclear chromatin positioning. In female germline stem cells (GSCs), Stwl binds and positions chromatin loci, including GSC differentiation genes, at the nuclear periphery. Strikingly, Stwl-dependent perinuclear positioning is associated with transcriptional repression, highlighting a likely mechanism for Stwl’s known role in GSC maintenance and ovary homeostasis. Thus, our study identifies perinuclear anchors inDrosophilaand demonstrates the importance of gene repression at the nuclear periphery for cell fate.
IFIH1 (MDA5) is required for innate immune detection of intron-containing RNA expressed from the HIV-1 provirus
Authors: Guney Mehmet Hakan , Nagalekshmi Karthika , McCauley Sean Matthew , Carbone Claudia , Aydemir Ozkan , Luban Jeremy 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTAntiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses HIV-1 viremia and prevents progression to AIDS. Nonetheless, chronic inflammation is a common problem for people living with HIV-1 on ART. One possible cause of inflammation is ongoing transcription from HIV-1 proviruses, whether or not the sequences are competent for replication. Previous work has shown that intron-containing RNA expressed from the HIV-1 provirus in primary human blood cells, including CD4+T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, activates type 1 interferon. This activation required HIV-1revand was blocked by the XPO1 (CRM1)-inhibitor leptomycin. To identify the innate immune receptor required for detection of intron-containing RNA expressed from the HIV-1 provirus, a loss-of-function screen was performed with shRNA-expressing lentivectors targeting twenty-one candidate genes in human monocyte derived dendritic cells. Among the candidate genes tested, only knockdown of XPO1 (CRM1), IFIH1 (MDA5), or MAVS prevented activation of the IFN-stimulated gene ISG15. The importance of IFIH1 protein was demonstrated by rescue of the knockdown with non-targetable IFIH1 coding sequence. Inhibition of HIV-1-induced ISG15 by the IFIH1-specific Nipah virus V protein, and by IFIH1-transdominant inhibitory CARD-deletion or phosphomimetic point mutations, indicates that IFIH1 filament formation, dephosphorylation, and association with MAVS, are all required for innate immune activation in response to HIV-1 transduction. Since both IFIH1 and DDX58 (RIG-I) signal via MAVS, the specificity of HIV-1 RNA detection by IFIH1 was demonstrated by the fact that DDX58 knockdown had no effect on activation. RNA-Seq showed that IFIH1-knockdown in dendritic cells globally disrupted the induction of IFN-stimulated genes. Finally, specific enrichment of unspliced HIV-1 RNA by IFIH1 was revealed by formaldehyde crosslinking immunoprecipitation (f-CLIP). These results demonstrate that IFIH1 is required for innate immune activation by intron-containing RNA from the HIV-1 provirus, and potentially contributes to chronic inflammation in people living with HIV-1.
Long-distance communication can enable collective migration in a dynamic seascape
Authors: Dodson Stephanie , Oestreich William K. , Savoca Matthew S. , Hazen Elliott L. , Bograd Steven J. , Ryan John P. , Fiechter Jerome , Abrahms Briana 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSocial information is predicted to enhance migratory performance, but the relative benefits of social information in the long-range movements of marine megafauna are unknown. In particular, whether and how migrants use nonlocal information gained through social communication at the extreme spatial scale of oceanic ecosystems remains unclear. Here we combine long-term acoustic recordings of foraging and migratory blue whales, oceanographic and prey data, and individual-based modeling to discern the cues underlying timing of blue whales’ breeding migration in the Northeast Pacific. We find that individual whales rely on both personal and social sources of information about forage availability in deciding when to depart from their vast and dynamic foraging habitat and initiate breeding migration. Empirical patterns of migratory phenology can only be reproduced by models in which individuals use long-distance social information about conspecifics’ behavioral state, which is known to be encoded in the patterning of their widely-propagating songs. Further, social communication improves pre-migration seasonal foraging performance by over 60% relative to asocial movement mechanisms. Our results suggest that long-range communication enhances the perceptual ranges of migrating whales beyond that of any individual, resulting in increased foraging performance. These findings indicate the value of nonlocal social information in an oceanic migrant and highlight the importance of long-distance acoustic communication in the collective migration of wide-ranging marine megafauna.
Topographical and cell type-specific connectivity of rostral and caudal forelimb corticospinal neuron populations
Authors: Carmona Lina Marcela , Thomas ET , Smith Kimberly , Tasic Bosiljka , Costa Rui M. , Nelson Anders 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARYCorticospinal neurons (CSNs) synapse directly on spinal neurons, a diverse group of neurons with unique structural and functional properties necessary for body movements. CSNs modulating forelimb behavior fractionate into caudal forelimb area (CFA) and rostral forelimb area (RFA) motor cortical populations. Despite their prominence, no studies have mapped the diversity of spinal cell types targeted by CSNs, let alone compare CFA and RFA populations. Here we use anatomical and RNA-sequencing methods to show that CSNs synapse onto a remarkably selective group of spinal cell types, favoring inhibitory populations that regulate motoneuron activity and gate sensory feedback. CFA and RFA CSNs target similar spinal cell types, with notable exceptions that suggest these populations differ in how they influence behavior. Finally, axon collaterals of CFA and RFA CSNs target similar brain regions yet receive surprisingly divergent inputs. These results detail the rules of CSN connectivity throughout the brain and spinal cord for two regions critical for forelimb behavior.
A novel approach for a pre-assessment of textile innovation process: innovation gap finder model (IGFM)
Authors: Altuntas Fatma 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThe textile industry is a labor-intensive industry in which where innovation-oriented studies are conducted intensively. However, identifying potential innovation gaps for a firm operating in the textile industry is not easy and greatly influences the firm's future success. To this end, this study aims to propose a novel integrated approach for the pre-assessment of the firm-level innovation process.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed approach uses two important tools: the technology capability audit tool and innovation audit tool. The proposed approach integrates these tools to discover possible innovation opportunities for firms. The proposed approach is called the innovation gap finder model (IGFM).FindingsA real case study in the textile industry is conducted to show how IGFM works in practice. The results of this study show that decision-makers can easily identify existing innovation gaps using IGFM.Originality/valueFirms must first identify innovation gaps in order to initiate achievable projects in line with their current situation. Addressing a firm-level pre-assessment of the textile innovation process helps achieve growth and enables the firm to know what it should do in the near future. By identifying innovation gaps by considering the innovation processes at the firm level, it is also easier to prepare an action plan on what and how to do in accordance with the firm's own culture. There is no specific tool developed to discover potential innovation gaps in the literature. To fill this gap, a novel integrated approach is proposed for a pre-assessment of firm level innovation process in this study. The proposed approach can also accelerate the establishment of the “idea-invention-innovation” path within the firm.
A DFT-based finite element model to study the elastic, buckling and vibrational characteristics of monolayer bismuthene
Authors: Aghdasi Peyman , Yousefi Shayesteh , Ansari Reza 
Published: November 2023

PurposeIn this paper, based on the density functional theory (DFT) and finite element method (FEM), the elastic, buckling and vibrational behaviors of the monolayer bismuthene are studied.Design/methodology/approachThe computed elastic properties based on DFT are used to develop a finite element (FE) model for the monolayer bismuthene in which the Bi-Bi bonds are simulated by beam elements. Furthermore, mass elements are used to model the Bi atoms. The developed FE model is used to compute Young's modulus of monolayer bismuthene. The model is then used to evaluate the buckling force and fundamental natural frequency of the monolayer bismuthene with different geometrical parameters.FindingsComparing the results of the FEM and DFT, it is shown that the proposed model can predict Young's modulus of the monolayer bismuthene with an acceptable accuracy. It is also shown that the influence of the vertical side length on the fundamental natural frequency of the monolayer bismuthene is not significant. However, vibrational characteristics of the bismuthene are significantly affected by the horizontal side length.Originality/valueDFT and FEM are used to study the elastic, vibrational and buckling properties of the monolayer bismuthene. The developed model can be used to predict Young's modulus of the monolayer bismuthene accurately. Effect of the vertical side length on the fundamental natural frequency is negligible. However, vibrational characteristics are significantly affected by the horizontal side length.
Jewish and Arab teachers' views on school communications, innovation and commitment after COVID-19: sector of education as a moderator
Authors: Masry-Herzallah Asmahan , Dor-haim Peleg 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThe study investigated the correlation between school communication and teachers' perceptions of the school's innovative climate in the Israeli education system during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis. Furthermore, this study examined the role of affective commitment and the role of sector (Arab or Jewish) in these correlations.Design/methodology/approachFirst, Arab and Jewish teachers studying toward their MA degree were randomly selected from 2 higher education institutes in Israel, and then other teachers were selected using the snowball method through teacher groups on the Facebook social network and WhatsApp groups (N = 383).FindingsThe findings revealed major differences between Arab and Jewish teachers. Among Arab teachers, the correlation between school communications and an innovative climate was found to be mediated through affective commitment, whereas among Jewish teachers, a direct correlation was found between the first two variables. The correlation between school communications and affective commitment was found to be stronger among Arab teachers than among Jewish teachers.Originality/valueThe study results confirmed that school communication and affective commitment hold a significant predictive value in school innovation and highlight the importance of affective commitment in supporting innovation. The study adds to the body of research directed at identifying antecedents to innovative climate as well as studies examining the effects of school communications on affective commitment and innovative climate in a multicultural society, both in regular and emergency situations. The findings can also provide valuable insights for culturally sensitive and relevant education policy design and management in the post-COVID-19 period.
The effect of tighter tax loss offsetting rules on firms' innovation: evidence from South Korea
Authors: Sim Jae Yeon , Kim Natalie Kyung Won , Kim Jeong-Taek 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThis study investigates how the introduction of a stricter loss carryforward offset rule affects firms' innovation.Design/methodology/approachThis study investigates the overall impact of a Korean tax reform that introduced a tighter loss deduction through a difference-in-differences approach and regression discontinuity design.FindingsThis study finds that firms subject to the more restrictive tax loss offset provisions tend to file fewer patents than firms not subject to the provision. The authors further find that this effect is more pronounced for firms with high R&D intensity, more investment opportunities and weaker monitoring mechanisms.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of this study suggest that more restrictive loss carryforward provisions may deter firms from innovation. This study contributes to the literature on the impact of tax loss rules, the effect of tax policies on investments and the real effects of corporate taxation.Practical implicationsThis study sheds light on the debate of the consequences of a Korean tax reform. Specifically, the authors examine whether a stricter tax loss offset policy indeed dampens corporate innovation.Originality/valueThis study exploits a unique and infrequent exogenous tax policy change. The South Korean tax reform creates a treatment group of large firms that were affected by the tax reform, and a control group of small and medium-sized firms that were unaffected. This study takes advantage of this setting to examine the research question.
Understanding the relationship between reviews, search and sales: a study of the Indian car market
Authors: Prabhala Madhuri , Bose Indranil 
Published: November 2023

PurposeWhile there has been extensive research on understanding the effects of online reviews on product sales, there is not enough investigation of the inter-relationships between online reviews, online search and product sales. The study attempts to address this gap in the context of the Indian car market.Design/methodology/approachThe research uses text mining and considers six important review features volume, valence, length, deviation of valence, sentiment and readability within the heuristic and systematic model of information processing. Panel data regression is used along with mediation analysis to study the inter-relationships between features of reviews, online search and sales.FindingsThe study finds that numerical heuristic features significantly affect sales and online search, numerical systematic feature affects sales and the textual heuristic and systematic features do not affect sales or online search in the Indian car market. Further, online search mediates the association between features of reviews and sales of cars.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough only car sales data from India is considered in this research, similar relationships between review features, online search and sales could exist for the car market of other countries as well.Originality/valueThis research uncovers the unique role of online search as a mediator between review features and sales, whereas prior literature has considered review features and online search as independent variables that affect sales.