bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making multisectoral committees work: Lessons from tobacco control in two Pacific small island developing states
Authors: Patay Dori , Schram Ashley , Friel Sharon 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe consumption of harmful commodities drives the noncommunicable disease (NCD) epidemic globally and in Pacific small island developing states. Multisectoral committees are commonly chosen avenues to facilitate policy coherence across government sectors in regulating the commercial determinants of health (CDoH), but these committees often fail to function as intended. This paper aims to explore the institutional conditions that enable or constrain multisectoral committees in facilitating policy coherence for tobacco control in Fiji and Vanuatu. An exploratory, qualitative research design was applied, incorporating a two‐case study design with within‐case analysis and cross‐case synthesis. Data collection consisted of 70 in‐depth interviews in 2018 and 2019. Data collection and analysis were informed by an analytical framework drawn from the institutional collective action framework. The results show that the current amount of authority behind the investigated multisectoral committees in Fiji and Vanuatu is inadequate to meaningfully bring stakeholders together for an issue with high complexity. Moreover, multisectoral discussions on tobacco control have a high risk to break down, as the collaboration may generate unwanted impacts to one or more actors and the net benefits are perceived to be low. The authority behind multisectoral committees might be strengthened by the chairmanship of a cross‐sectoral, high‐level government official and the allocation of more resources for managing intersectoral engagement. Divergent preferences might be brought closer together by showcasing the socioeconomic costs of NCDs and policies affecting the availability, affordability, accessibility, and desirability of tobacco and raising awareness about CDoH in nonhealth sectors.
Costa: Flood Displacement During the 2017 Coastal El Niño in Peru
Authors: Bergmann Jonas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe research interest in Peru’s western arid coast (Costa) was in the well-being of persons displaced short distances away from their homes by floods during the 2017 Coastal El Niño (CEN) event for two reasons. First, Peru’s coast is periodically affected by severe El Niño-driven rainfall, which climate change will increase significantly in this century. Second, related floods are the main driver of displacement on Peru’s coast. The 2017 CEN floods, specifically, were the largest push for such displacement over the past decade in Peru, with close to 300,000 cases. Thus, examining the well-being of displaced persons from villages in the Piura Region after the 2017 CEN provides a useful temporal analog for future challenges. In the first section of this chapter, I provide information on the geographical context, measured and projected climate change, exposure, vulnerabilities, local coping and adaptation, and hazard-related migration by Peru’s coast. Then, I explain the new qualitative and quantitative results of this case study of displaced persons’ well-being following the 2017 CEN. Findings underline that the displacement occurred under high structural constraints, including severe climate risks and deficient DRR/DRM; poverty and inequality; limited livelihood options; tenure insecurity; poor and hardly accessible basic services; weak governance; and limited political participation. Conversely, structural opportunities were low. As a result, the severe and abrupt CEN floods caused forced, survival migration with detrimental conditions for moving and settling. Throughout the lifecycle of displacement, people suffered extreme losses, which continued to worsen their prospects for development from a secure base and a space to live better. Conversely, social relatedness remained similar after moving. Because displacement has become prolonged without substantial improvements, people’s need fulfillment, long-term asset base, and capacities for climate adaptation have worsened. Consequently, most displaced persons evaluated their need fulfillment as negative, and only few experienced partial positive feelings or cognitive satisfaction despite their plight. Expectations for the future were mostly negative and resulted in prevalent enforced fear as well as some fragile adjustment. Based on these findings in this case, I conclude by deriving more general propositions on the well-being impacts of climate migration.
Widespread Occurrence of European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and Damage of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa) Crop in Northern Europe
Authors: Runno-Paurson Eve , Mäeorg Erkki , Kurina Olavi , Õunap Erki , Kännaste Astrid , Niinemets Ülo , Lääniste Peeter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIndustrial hemp cultivation restarted in Estonia in mid 2000s and the hemp cultivation area has increased very fast in recent years, but it is unknown to what extent hemp productivity can be curbed by widespread crop pests. Thus, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and damage of hemp pests in northern field conditions. A field trial with the hemp cultivars ‘Finola’ (2021) and ‘Estica’ (2022) was established in Central Estonia (58° N, 26° E), and the plants were grown with different fertilizer types (complex fertilizer, ammonium nitrate), fertilization methods (at sowing/top dressing) and nitrogen rates (0–200 kg ha−1) and their effect on the European corn borer (ECB, Ostrinia nubilalis) damage was assessed. The O. nubilalis infestation increased with every observation date throughout the seasons until the harvest. The O. nubilalis damage was overall greater in 2022 than in 2021, and the seed yield reduction reached to 120 kg ha−1 in 2022, indicating progressive increase in O. nubilalis damage. Fertilization rate strongly increased biomass and seed yields, but weakly reduced O. nubilalis infection. Estonia is one of the most important hemp-cultivation areas in Europe, and in northern conditions, the crop was previously considered to be relatively pest-free. The northward movement of crop infection by O. nubilalis implies that future hemp cultivation might need integrated O. nubilalis control practices adapted to site-specific agro-climatic conditions.
Text-based Patient – Doctor Discourse Online And Patients’ Experiences of Empathy
Authors: Martikainen Silja , Kohonen-Aho Laura , Seittenranta Niina , Makkonen Emilia , Falcon Mari , Wikström Valtteri , Saarikivi Katri 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Empathic responding matters in face-to-face medical consultations. We have previously shown that patients' perceptions of doctor empathy also support positive experiences at an online clinic. However, there is still little knowledge about what types of communication influence patients’ online experiences of empathy. In this study we investigated text-based patient-doctor discourse at an online clinic using an adaptation of the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS). Our aims were 1) to assess the reliability of the adapted RIAS 2) to investigate what characteristics are common during the text-based consultations and 3) to examine how the doctor’s discourse relates to the patients’ experience of empathy online. Based on the inter-rater reliability analyses the conversational clusters of Social (ρ = 0.950), Biomedical (ρ = 0.939), and Technology related talk (ρ = 0.833), Procedural statements (ρ = 0.693) and Agreement (ρ  = 0.687) were rated with acceptable reliability. Biomedical topics were most common in both patients’ and doctors’ communication. Patients’ experience of doctors’ empathy was positively correlated with the amount of doctor’s psychosocial talk and procedural statements although the effect sizes were small (ρ  < 0.30 for all models). These results encourage the use of personal talk and giving clear instructions to patients about the care process at a text-based online clinic focusing on brief consultations.
Unlearning, relearning, staying with the trouble: Scenarios and the future of education
Authors: Finch Matt , Bhroin Niamh Ní , Krüger Steffen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn times of turbulence, uncertainty, novelty, and ambiguity—the so-called TUNA conditions—our experience of the past may prove a poor guide to the future times in which our decisions and their consequences will unfold. Under such conditions, the manufacture of scenarios that are plausible future contexts for a given issue and are designed to enrich strategic thinking by challenging expectations can help to inform decisions and debates. Education is often subject to such debates, as it is, among other things, a way of preparing for what the future holds. This article gives an account of learnings and unlearnings from a scenarios project applying the Oxford Scenario Planning Approach to the digitalization of education in Norwegian schools. It shows how challenging issues raised in the context of distant imagined futures proved to be immediately pertinent in the developing Covid-19 pandemic. This article sets this work in the wider context of education futures and ongoing debate about suitable methodological choices for institutions and communities wishing to explore how we will teach and learn together in times to come. As a wide range of actors explore the possibility of a new social contract for education, the article proposes that future scenarios can provide fresh perspectives on issues that are difficult or even impossible to resolve within current frames of reference, including questions of equity and justice that may be construed differently in times to come.
Frailty prevalence in 42 European countries by age and gender: development of the SHARE Frailty Atlas for Europe
Authors: Pitter János G. , Zemplényi Antal , Babarczy Balázs , Németh Bertalan , Kaló Zoltán , Vokó Zoltán 
Published: October 2023

AbstractComparative frailty prevalence data across European countries is sparse due to heterogeneous measurement methods. The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE) initiative conducted interviews with probability sampling of non-institutionalized elderly people in several European countries. Previous frailty analyses of SHARE datasets were limited to initial SHARE countries and did not provide age- and gender-stratified frailty prevalence. Our aim was to provide age- and gender-stratified frailty prevalence estimates in all European countries, with predictions where necessary. From 29 SHARE participating countries, 311,915 individual surveys were analyzed. Frailty prevalence was estimated by country and gender in 5-year age bands using the SHARE Frailty Instrument and a frailty index. Association of frailty prevalence with age, gender, and GDP per capita (country-specific economic indicator for predictions) was investigated in multivariate mixed logistic regression models with or without multiple imputation. Female gender and increasing age were significantly associated with higher frailty prevalence. Higher GDP per capita, with or without purchasing power parity adjustment, was significantly associated with lower frailty prevalence in the 65–79 age groups in all analyses. Observed and predicted data on frailty rates by country are provided in the interactive SHARE Frailty Atlas for Europe. Our study provides age- and gender-stratified frailty prevalence estimates for all European countries, revealing remarkable between-country heterogeneity. Higher frailty prevalence is strongly associated with lower GDP per capita, underlining the importance of investigating transferability of evidence across countries at different developmental levels and calling for improved policies to reduce inequity in risk of developing frailty across European countries.
Kollektiv lernen, über sich hinauszuwachsen – warum Agilität eine Frage der (zwischen-) menschlichen Entwicklung ist
Authors: Feldhusen Birgit 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag in der Zeitschrift „Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO)“ leitet die Bedeutung unterschiedlichster Formen von kollektiven Reflektions- und Bewusstseinsprozessen für Lernfähigkeit und Agilität ab aus Wissensmanagement und Kognitionswissenschaft und gibt Beispiele für deren Umsetzung. Über unterschiedlichste Ansätze hinweg liegt dem Begriff der Agilität meist die Idee zugrunde, sich durch Beweglichkeit, d. h. durch die Fähigkeit und Bereitschaft zur kontinuierlichen Selbsterneuerung, an volatile, dynamische Umfelder anzupassen und handlungsfähig zu bleiben. Der Artikel stellt die Bedeutung von sozialen Bewusstseins- und Reflektionsprozessen für die Fähigkeit zur kollektiven Selbsterneuerungsfähigkeit heraus, indem es diese aus Theorien des Kollektiven Wissens, Lernens und Kollektiver Kognition ableitet. Es wird verdeutlicht, welche Qualitäten von Kognition und welche Ebenen von Lernen permanente Selbsterneuerungsfähigkeit von Teams und Organisationen ermöglichen. Neben der Integration von Multiperspektivität im Hinblick auf Inhalte von Zusammenarbeit kommt insbesondere der permanenten Reflektion und ggf. Anpassung der Strukturen und Qualitäten von Zusammenarbeit, d. h. der sozialen Interaktion, eine zentrale Rolle und Bedeutung zu. Dieses kollektive Lernen auf 2. oder 3. Ebene ist Ausdruck (zwischen-)menschlicher Lern- und Reifeprozesse. Anhand von Beispielen wird abschließend aufgezeigt, wo und wie entsprechende Interventionselemente in bestehenden agilen Frameworks bereits integriert sind.
Fronto-striatal alterations correlate with apathy severity in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Upadhyay Neeraj , Spottke Annika , Schneider Anja , Hoffmann Daniel C. , Frommann Ingo , Ballarini Tommaso , Fliessbach Klaus , Bender Benjamin , Heekeren Hauke R. , Haynes John Dylan , Ewers Michael , Düzel Emrah , Glanz Wenzel , Dobisch Laura , Buerger Katharina , Janowitz Daniel , Levin Johannes , Danek Adrian , Teipel Stefan , Kilimann Ingo , Synofzik Matthis , Wilke Carlo , Peters Oliver , Preis Lukas , Priller Josef , Spruth Eike Jakob , Jessen Frank , Boecker Henning 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStructural and functional changes in cortical and subcortical regions have been reported in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), however, a multimodal approach may provide deeper insights into the neural correlates of neuropsychiatric symptoms. In this multicenter study, we measured cortical thickness (CTh) and subcortical volumes to identify structural abnormalities in 37 bvFTD patients, and 37 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. For seed regions with significant structural changes, whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) was examined in a sub-cohort of N = 22 bvFTD and N = 22 matched control subjects to detect complementary alterations in brain network organization. To explore the functional significance of the observed structural and functional deviations, correlations with clinical and neuropsychological outcomes were tested where available. Significantly decreased CTh was observed in the bvFTD group in caudal middle frontal gyrus, left pars opercularis, bilateral superior frontal and bilateral middle temporal gyrus along with subcortical volume reductions in bilateral basal ganglia, thalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging showed decreased FC in bvFTD between: dorsal striatum and left caudal middle frontal gyrus; putamen and fronto-parietal regions; pallidum and cerebellum. Conversely, bvFTD showed increased FC between: left middle temporal gyrus and paracingulate gyrus; caudate nucleus and insula; amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus. Additionally, cortical thickness in caudal, lateral and superior frontal regions as well as caudate nucleus volume correlated negatively with apathy severity scores of the Neuropsychiatry Inventory Questionnaire. In conclusion, multimodal structural and functional imaging indicates that fronto-striatal regions have a considerable influence on the severity of apathy in bvFTD.
Computer vision application for industrial Li-ion battery module disassembly
Authors: Gerlitz Eduard , Enslin Louis-Elias , Fleischer Jürgen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAutomated robot-assisted disassembly is essential for the flexible disassembly of Li-ion battery modules for economic and safety reasons. In such a case, a CAD model for the planning process is of immense benefit. The geometric uncertainties due to the breathing of the Li-ion cells as well as the presence of component tolerances underline the importance of a sensor-based detection approach to determine the actual state of the battery module, which is crucial to ensure an automated and reliable disassembly process. In this paper, we present a method for 3D camera-based localization of points on deformed battery modules, aiding in identifying support points for milling operations in robot-assisted disassembly cells. This separation operation planning employs a CAD model, and our introduced computer vision “data processing pipeline”—a systematic series of processing steps—bridges the gap between the CAD model and the actual battery module. This involves capturing the module using a 3D camera and subsequently registering its points with the CAD model’s points. Central to this process are two algorithms: The Bayesian Coherent Point Drift (BCPD) algorithm ensures accurate non-rigid registration, while TEASER++ aids in reducing computational time. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these combined algorithms in our pipeline through rigorous testing and metrics, evidencing that a balance between accuracy and computational speed can be attained by adjusting point density.
High efficacy of particle beam therapies against tumors under hypoxia and prediction of the early stage treatment effect using 3'-deoxy-3'-[18F]fluorothymidine positron emission tomography
Authors: Makino Akira , Kume Kyo , Mori Tetsuya , Tsujikawa Tetsuya , Asai Tatsuya , Okazawa Hidehiko , Kiyono Yasushi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
Compared with radiation therapy using photon beams, particle therapies, especially those using carbons, show a high relative biological effectiveness and low oxygen enhancement ratio. Using cells cultured under normoxic conditions, our group reported a greater suppressive effect on cell growth by carbon beams than X-rays, and the subsequent therapeutic effect can be predicted by the cell uptake amount of 3'-deoxy-3'-[18F]fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) the day after treatment. On the other hand, a hypoxic environment forms locally around solid tumors, influencing the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy. In this study, the influence of tumor hypoxia on particle therapies and the ability to predict the therapeutic effect using 18F-FLT were evaluated.

Methods
Using a murine colon carcinoma cell line (colon 26) cultured under hypoxic conditions (1.0% O2 and 5.0% CO2), the suppressive effect on cell growth by X-ray, proton, and carbon irradiation was evaluated. In addition, the correlation between decreased 18F-FLT uptake after irradiation and subsequent suppression of cell proliferation was investigated.

Results
Tumor cell growth was suppressed most efficiently by carbon-beam irradiation. 18F-FLT uptake temporarily increased the day after irradiation, especially in the low-dose irradiation groups, but then decreased from 50 h after irradiation, which is well correlated with the subsequent suppression on tumor cell growth.

Conclusions
Carbon beam treatment shows a strong therapeutic effect against cells under hypoxia. Unlike normoxic tumors, it is desirable to perform 18F-FLT positron emission tomography 2–3 days after irradiation for early prediction of the treatment effect.

Graphical Abstract
Second-line treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ilhan-Mutlu Aysegül , Wöll Ewald 
Published: October 2023

SummaryThere is an unmet need for the treatment of patients with HER2-positive gastroesophageal tumors whose disease progressed on a first-line trastuzumab-based regimen. Several prospective trials took a targeted approach and evaluated various HER2-targeted agents as second-line therapy. However, these trials failed to demonstrate a survival benefit and were negative in primary endpoints. Recently, the antibody–drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan has shown promise as a second-line treatment in patients with HER2-positive metastatic gastroesophageal tumors, with a remarkable overall response rate and a relevant prolongation of prognostic outcome. Several clinical trials will introduce more targeted therapy approaches with novel structures, which will hopefully further extend patients’ survival. This mini-review briefly summarizes the past practice of second-line treatment of HER2-positive gastroesophageal tumor patients, describes current knowledge based on recently published studies, and provides a short overview on the novel anti-HER2 compounds that are currently being clinically investigated and could yield positive results in the near future.
Wie der Toll-like-Rezeptor 5 die Immunantwort umgeht
Authors: Clasen Sara J. , Ley Ruth E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), bind conserved ligands produced by microbes and initiate pro-inflammatory responses. Both pathogens and commensals synthesize flagellin, the ligand to TLR5, to assemble flagella for motility. How the host tolerates flagellins produced by human gut commensals has remained unknown. This review describes flagellin-TLR5 interactions, including recent findings that show commensal-derived flagellins are silently recognized by TLR5.
Risk factors for renal outcomes in children with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a nationwide retrospective study in China
Authors: Tan Li-Wen , Wan Jun-Li , Zhu Chun-Hua , Xu Hong , Xia Zheng-Kun , Chen Li-Zhi , Wu Xiao-Chuan , Wang Fang , Liu Xiao-Rong , Zhao Cheng-Guang , Li Xiao-Zhong , Mao Jian-Hua , Wang Xiao-Wen , Huang Wen-Yan , Li Yu-Hong , Zhang Jian-Jiang , Feng Shi-Pin , Yang Jun , Liu Jiao-Jiao , Gao Chun-Lin , Rong Li-Ping , Shuai Lan-Jun , Xu Ke , Zhang He-Jia , Li Qiu , Zhang Ai-Hua , Wang Mo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Pediatric antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a life-threatening systemic vasculitis featured by liability to renal involvement. However, there are few studies on the risk factors and predictive models for renal outcomes of AAV in children.

Methods
Data from 179 AAV children in multiple centers between January 2012 and March 2020 were collected retrospectively. The risk factors and predictive model of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in AAV were explored.

Results
Renal involvement was the most typical manifestation (95.5%), and the crescent was the predominant pathological lesion (84.9%). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was evaluated in 114 patients, of whom 59.6% developed ESRD, and the median time to ESRD was 3.20 months. The eGFR [P = 0.006, odds ratio (OR) = 0.955, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.924–0.987] and the percentages of global glomerulosclerosis (pGGS; P = 0.018, OR = 1.060, 95% CI = 1.010–1.112) were independent risk factors for ESRD of renal biopsy. Based on the pGGS and eGFR at renal biopsy, we developed three risk grades of ESRD and one predictive model. The Kaplan‒Meier curve indicated that renal outcomes were significantly different in different risk grades (P < 0.001). Compared with serum creatinine at baseline, the predictive model had higher accuracy (0.86 versus 0.58, P < 0.001) and a lower coefficient of variation (0.07 versus 0.92) in external validation.

Conclusions
Renal involvement is the most common manifestation of pediatric AAV in China, of which more than half deteriorates into ESRD. The predictive model based on eGFR at renal biopsy and the pGGS may be stable and accurate in speculating the risk of ESRD in AAV children.