bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of beam–beam effects on absolute luminosity calibrations at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
Authors: Babaev A. , Barklow T. , Karacheban O. , Kozanecki W. , Kralik I. , Mehta A. , Pasztor G. , Pieloni T. , Stickland D. , Tambasco C. , Tomas R. , Wańczyk J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAt the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), absolute luminosity calibrations obtained by the van der Meer (vdM) method are affected by the mutual electromagnetic interaction of the two beams. The colliding bunches experience relative orbit shifts, as well as optical distortions akin to the dynamic-$$\beta $$βeffect, that both depend on the transverse beam separation and must therefore be corrected for when deriving the absolute luminosity scale. In thevdMregime, the beam–beam parameter is small enough that the orbit shift can be calculated analytically. The dynamic-$$\beta $$βcorrections to the luminometer calibrations, however, had until the end of Run 2 been estimated in the linear approximation only. In this report, the influence of beam–beam effects on thevdM-based luminosity scale is quantified, together with the associated systematic uncertainties, by means of simulations that fully take into account the non-linearity of the beam–beam force, as well as the resulting non-Gaussian distortions of the transverse beam distributions. Two independent multiparticle simulations, one limited to the weak-strong approximation and one that models strong-strong effects in a self-consistent manner, are found in excellent agreement; both predict a percent-level shift of the absolutepp-luminosity values with respect to those assumed until recently in the physics publications of the LHC experiments. These results also provide guidance regarding further studies aimed at reducing the beam–beam-related systematic uncertainty on beam–beam corrections to absolute luminosity calibrations by the van der Meer method.
Properties of the $$\eta _q$$ leading-twist distribution amplitude and its effects to the $$B/D^+ \rightarrow \eta ^{(\prime )}\ell ^+ \nu _\ell $$ decays
Authors: Hu Dan-Dan , Wu Xing-Gang , Fu Hai-Bing , Zhong Tao , Wu Zai-Hui , Zeng Long 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe$$\eta ^{(\prime )}$$η(′)-mesons in the quark-flavor basis are mixtures of two mesonic states$$|\eta _{q}\rangle =|{\bar{u}} u+{\bar{d}} d\rangle /\sqrt{2}$$|ηq⟩=|u¯u+d¯d⟩/2and$$|\eta _{s}\rangle =|{\bar{s}} s\rangle .$$|ηs⟩=|s¯s⟩.In previous work, we have made a detailed study on the$$\eta _{s}$$ηsleading-twist distribution amplitude by using the$$D^+_s$$Ds+meson semileptonic decays. As a sequential work, in the present paper, we fix the$$\eta _q$$ηqleading-twist distribution amplitude by using the light-cone harmonic oscillator model for its wave function and by using the QCD sum rules within the QCD background field to calculate its moments. The input parameters of$$\eta _q$$ηqleading-twist distribution amplitude$$\phi _{2;\eta _q}$$ϕ2;ηqat the initial scale$$\mu _0\sim 1$$μ0∼1 GeV are fixed by using those moments. The QCD sum rules for the$$0_{\textrm{th}}$$0th-order moment can also be used to fix the magnitude of$$\eta _q$$ηqdecay constant, giving$$f_{\eta _q}=0.141\pm 0.005$$fηq=0.141±0.005 GeV. As an application of$$\phi _{2;\eta _q},$$ϕ2;ηq,we calculate the transition form factors$$B(D)^+ \rightarrow \eta ^{(\prime )}$$B(D)+→η(′)by using the QCD light-cone sum rules up to twist-4 accuracy and by including the next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the leading-twist part, and then fix the related CKM matrix element and the decay width for the semi-leptonic decays$$B(D)^+ \rightarrow \eta ^{(\prime )}\ell ^+ \nu _\ell .$$B(D)+→η(′)ℓ+νℓ.
Circular geodesics in the field of double-charged dilatonic black holes
Authors: Boshkayev K. , Suliyeva G. , Ivashchuk V. , Urazalina A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA non-extreme dilatonic charged (by two “color electric” charges) black hole solution is examined within a four-dimensional gravity model that incorporates two scalar (dilaton) fields and two Abelian vector fields. The scalar and vector fields interact through exponential terms containing two dilatonic coupling vectors. The solution is characterized by a dimensionless parameter a$$(0< a < 2)$$

(
0
<
a
<
2
)

, which is a specific function of dilatonic coupling vectors. The paper presents solutions for timelike and null circular geodesics that may play a crucial role in different astrophysical scenarios, including quasinormal modes of various test fields in the eikonal approximation. For $$a = 1/2,1, 3/2,2 $$

a
=
1
/
2
,
1
,
3
/
2
,
2

, the radii of the innermost stable circular orbit are presented and analyzed.
Polarised-boson pairs at the LHC with NLOPS accuracy
Authors: Pelliccioli Giovanni , Zanderighi Giulia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe present a calculation of inclusive diboson ($${\textrm{WZ, ZZ, WW}}$$

WZ, ZZ, WW

) processes at the LHC in the presence of intermediate polarised weak bosons decaying leptonically, matching next-to-leading-order accuracy in QCD with parton-shower effects. Starting from recent developments in polarised-boson simulation based on the helicity selection at the amplitude level, we have carried out the implementation in the Powheg-Box-Res framework, and validated it against independent fixed-order calculations. A phenomenological analysis in realistic LHC setups, as well as a comparison with recent ATLAS measurements, are presented.
Distance formulas in Bruhat–Tits building of SLd(ℚp)
Authors: Lachman Dominik 
Published: January 2024

We study the distance on the Bruhat–Tits building of the group [Formula: see text] (and its other combinatorial properties). Coding its vertices by certain matrix representatives, we introduce a way how to build formulas with combinatorial meanings. In Theorem 1, we give an explicit formula for the graph distance [Formula: see text] of two vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (without having to specify their common apartment). Our main result, Theorem 2, then extends the distance formula to a formula for the smallest total distance of a vertex from a given finite set of vertices. In the appendix we consider the case of [Formula: see text] and give a formula for the number of edges shared by two given apartments.
Why Are We Weighting? Understanding the Estimates From Propensity Score Weighting and Matching Methods
Authors: Ramkumar Niveditta , Iribarne Alexander , Olmstead Elaine M. , Malenka David J. , Mackenzie Todd A. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
Propensity score methods are used in observational studies to compensate for the lack of random allocation by balancing measured baseline characteristics between treated and untreated patients. We sought to explain the treatment effect estimates derived from different propensity score methods.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective analysis of long-term mortality after single internal mammary artery versus bilateral internal mammary artery (BIMA) conduit in 47 984 index isolated coronary artery bypass grafting procedures from 1992 to 2014 in the Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group registry using multivariable Cox regression, 1:1 propensity score matching, inverse probability weighting (IPW) among the treated, and IPW among the overall population treatment estimates.

RESULTS:
The mean duration of follow-up was 13.2 (interquartile range, 7.4–17.7) years. In multivariable Cox regression, the adjusted hazard ratio for mortality was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.75–0.92) in patients receiving BIMA compared with a single internal mammary artery. The 1:1 propensity matched (hazard ratio, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.69–0.91]) and IPW among the treated (hazard ratio, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.75–0.92]) estimates showed a protective treatment effect of BIMA use on mortality. However, the IPW estimate of treatment effect for the overall population showed an increased risk of mortality after BIMA that was not statistically significant (hazard ratio, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.94–1.24]).

CONCLUSIONS:
While the multivariable Cox regression, 1:1 propensity matching, and IPW treatment effect in the treated estimates demonstrate that BIMA was associated with a statistically significantly decreased risk of mortality, the IPW treatment effect in the average study population showed an increased risk of mortality associated with BIMA that was not statistically significant. This is attributed to the different populations (weighted to look like the overall study population versus treated group) represented by the 2 IPW approaches. Determining how the study population is balanced is a large driver of the treatment effect. Ultimately, the treatment effect estimate desired should drive the choice of the propensity score method.
Referral to Community-Based Rehabilitation Following Acute Stroke: Findings From the COMPASS Pragmatic Trial
Authors: Jones Berkeley Sara B. , Johnson Anna M. , Mormer Elizabeth R. , Ressel Kristin , Pastva Amy M. , Wen Fang , Patterson Charity G. , Duncan Pamela W. , Bushnell Cheryl D. , Zhang Shuqi , Freburger Janet K. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
Few studies on care transitions following acute stroke have evaluated whether referral to community-based rehabilitation occurred as part of discharge planning. Our objectives were to describe the extent to which patients discharged home were referred to community-based rehabilitation and identify the patient, hospital, and community-level predictors of referral.

METHODS:
We examined data from 40 North Carolina hospitals that participated in the COMPASS (Comprehensive Post-Acute Stroke Services) cluster-randomized trial. Participants included adults discharged home following stroke or transient ischemic attack (N=10  702). In this observational analysis, COMPASS data were supplemented with hospital-level and county-level data from various sources. The primary outcome was referral to community-based rehabilitation (physical, occupational, or speech therapy) at discharge. Predictor variables included patient (demographic, stroke-related, medical history), hospital (structure, process), and community (therapist supply) measures. We used generalized linear mixed models with a hospital random effect and hierarchical backward model selection procedures to identify predictors of therapy referral.

RESULTS:
Approximately, one-third (36%) of stroke survivors (mean age, 66.8 [SD, 14.0] years; 49% female, 72% White race) were referred to community-based rehabilitation. Rates of referral to physical, occupational, and speech therapists were 31%, 18%, and 10%, respectively. Referral rates by hospital ranged from 3% to 78% with a median of 35%. Patient-level predictors included higher stroke severity, presence of medical comorbidities, and older age. Female sex (odds ratio, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.12–1.38]), non-White race (2.20 [2.01–2.44]), and having Medicare insurance (1.12 [1.02–1.23]) were also predictors of referral. Referral was higher for patients living in counties with greater physical therapist supply. Much of the variation in referral across hospitals remained unexplained.

CONCLUSIONS:
One-third of stroke survivors were referred to community-based rehabilitation. Patient-level factors predominated as predictors. Variation across hospitals was notable and presents an opportunity for further evaluation and possible targets for improved poststroke rehabilitative care.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02588664.
Hydrological Projections under CMIP5 and CMIP6: Sources and Magnitudes of Uncertainty
Authors: Wu Yi , Miao Chiyuan , Slater Louise , Fan Xuewei , Chai Yuanfang , Sorooshian Soroosh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Projections of future hydrological conditions rely largely on global climate models, but model performance varies greatly. In this study, we investigated projected changes in runoff (R), precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (ET), and soil moisture (SM) based on the fifth and sixth phases of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5 and CMIP6) and quantified the uncertainties of their projected changes on annual and seasonal scales. The results indicate that all four hydrological variables show an increase over most of the global land: annual projections of R, P, ET, and SM from CMIP6 increase in 72%, 81%, 82%, and 66% of the global land area, respectively, under a high emissions scenario during the period 2080–99 relative to 1970–99. We estimated the uncertainties in CMIP6 from different sources on an annual scale and found that model uncertainty dominates the total projected uncertainties during the twenty-first century [76% (R), 73% (P), 89% (ET), and 95% (SM) in the 2090s], and the contribution of internal variability decreases with time. The low-latitude regions have the greatest uncertainty in hydrological projections. In CMIP6, the uncertainty of projected changes in P contributes the most to the uncertainty of projected changes in R, with a contribution of 93% on annual scale, followed by ET and SM. Overall, the performances of the CMIP5 and CMIP6 models are similar in terms of hydrological changes and the composition of their uncertainties. This study provides a theoretical reference for the further improvement and development of hydrological components in global climate models.
A Potential Seasonal Predictor for Summer Rainfall over Eastern China: Spring Eurasian Snowmelt
Authors: Xu Bei , Li Gen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The hydrological effect of snow over Eurasia is important for regulating regional and global climate through affecting land–atmosphere energy exchange. Based on observational and reanalysis datasets, this study investigates the effect of spring Eurasian snowmelt on the following summer rainfall over eastern China during the period of 1979–2018. The results show that a substantial meridional dipole pattern of summer rainfall anomalies over eastern China is closely associated with the preceding spring snowmelt anomalies over Eurasia, especially over remote Siberia. Excessive snowmelt anomalies over Siberia in spring could result in a wetter local soil condition from spring until the following summer, thereby increasing latent heat fluxes and reducing local surface temperature, and vice versa. Then, the anomalous summer surface cooling over Siberia increases the meridional gradient of temperature between the Eurasian midlatitudes and high latitudes, which intensifies the Eurasian atmospheric baroclinicity and motivates the eddy‐induced geopotential height responses along with the significant wave propagations spreading from the Eurasian high latitudes to Lake Baikal. As a result, excessive spring snowmelt anomalies over Siberia tend to be accompanied with an anomalous anticyclone circulation to the east of Lake Baikal and an anomalous cyclonic circulation over southeastern China in the following summer. This could lead to a meridional dipole pattern of summer rainfall anomalies over eastern China, with deficient rainfall over northern China and slightly excessive rainfall over southern China. The present findings highlight the lagged effect of spring Eurasian snowmelt on summer climate over eastern China, with implications for the regional seasonal climate prediction.

Significance Statement
Frequent summer droughts and floods over eastern China cause serious damage to the regional economy and society. This study reveals an important effect of spring Eurasian snowmelt anomalies on the following summer rainfall anomalies over eastern China. Through affecting the local land–atmosphere energy exchange and regulating the remote atmospheric circulation, excessive spring Eurasian snowmelt anomalies could induce a substantial meridional dipole pattern of summer rainfall anomalies over eastern China, with deficient rainfall over northern China and excessive rainfall over southern China, and vice versa. Therefore, this work identifies spring Eurasian snowmelt as a potential seasonal predictor for summer rainfall over eastern China, which is home to more than a billion people. This is important for the local livelihood, including agriculture, water resources, ecosystems, human health, and economies.
Clinical effect of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with mechanical ventilation: A meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Rong-Ju , Yuan Xi-Na , Gu Yue-Qin , Li Yong-Nan , Wu Shu-Ping , Cheng Yan-Shuang 
Published: January 2024

Objective: To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: Relevant studies were identified in the PubMed, Web of Science, National Library of Medicine, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases. A meta-analysis was performed after screening based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, data extraction and literature quality evaluation. Results: In total, 19 studies involving 2181 participants were included. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that compared with patients with conventional rehabilitation measures, patients with pulmonary rehabilitation measures had a higher offline success rate (relative risk (RR) = 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09, 1.24; p < 0.00001) and higher arterial oxygen partial pressure levels (mean difference (MD) = 8.96; 95%CI: 5.98, 11.94; p < 0.0001) and these measures significantly shortened the duration of mechanical ventilation (standardised MD (SMD) = −1.08; 95%CI: −1.58, −0.59; p < 0.0001) and ICU stay (SMD = −1.41; 95%CI: −1.94, −0.88; p < 0.0001). Aspiration significantly reduced the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (RR = 0.35; 95%CI: 0.24, 0.51; p < 0.00001) and deep vein thrombosis (RR = 0.32; 95%CI: 0.13, 0.76; p = 0.01) in ICU patients with mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: Pulmonary rehabilitation measures can improve the success rate of weaning from mechanical ventilation in ICU patients, shorten the time of mechanical ventilation and ICU hospitalisation and reduce the incidence of related adverse reactions, but the impact on mortality requires further study.
Deep Learning for Pneumothorax Detection on Chest Radiograph: A Diagnostic Test Accuracy Systematic Review and Meta Analysis
Authors: Katzman Benjamin D. , Alabousi Mostafa , Islam Nabil , Zha Nanxi , Patlas Michael N. 
Published: January 2024

Background: Pneumothorax is a common acute presentation in healthcare settings. A chest radiograph (CXR) is often necessary to make the diagnosis, and minimizing the time between presentation and diagnosis is critical to deliver optimal treatment. Deep learning (DL) algorithms have been developed to rapidly identify pathologic findings on various imaging modalities. Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the overall performance of studies utilizing DL algorithms to detect pneumothorax on CXR. Methods: A study protocol was created and registered a priori (PROSPERO CRD42023391375). The search strategy included studies published up until January 10, 2023. Inclusion criteria were studies that used adult patients, utilized computer-aided detection of pneumothorax on CXR, dataset was evaluated by a qualified physician, and sufficient data was present to create a 2 × 2 contingency table. Risk of bias was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Bivariate random effects meta-analyses and meta-regression modeling were performed. Results: Twenty-three studies were selected, including 34 011 patients and 34 075 CXRs. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 87% (95% confidence interval, 81%, 92%) and 95% (95% confidence interval, 92%, 97%), respectively. The study design, use of an institutional/public data set and risk of bias had no significant effect on the sensitivity and specificity of pneumothorax detection. Conclusions: The relatively high sensitivity and specificity of pneumothorax detection by deep-learning showcases the vast potential for implementation in clinical settings to both augment the workflow of radiologists and assist in more rapid diagnoses and subsequent patient treatment.
Machine Learning Detection and Characterization of Splenic Injuries on Abdominal Computed Tomography
Authors: Hamghalam Mohammad , Moreland Robert , Gomez David , Simpson Amber , Lin Hui Ming , Jandaghi Ali Babaei , Tafur Monica , Vlachou Paraskevi A. , Wu Matthew , Brassil Michael , Crivellaro Priscila , Mathur Shobhit , Hosseinpour Shahob , Colak Errol 
Published: January 2024

Background: Multi-detector contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) allows for the accurate detection and classification of traumatic splenic injuries, leading to improved patient management. Their effective use requires rapid study interpretation, which can be a challenge on busy emergency radiology services. A machine learning system has the potential to automate the process, potentially leading to a faster clinical response. This study aimed to create such a system. Method: Using the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST), spleen injuries were classified into 3 classes: normal, low-grade (AAST grade I-III) injuries, and high-grade (AAST grade IV and V) injuries. Employing a 2-stage machine learning strategy, spleens were initially segmented from input CT images and subsequently underwent classification via a 3D dense convolutional neural network (DenseNet). Results: This single-centre retrospective study involved trauma protocol CT scans performed between January 1, 2005, and July 31, 2021, totaling 608 scans with splenic injuries and 608 without. Five board-certified fellowship-trained abdominal radiologists utilizing the AAST injury scoring scale established ground truth labels. The model achieved AUC values of 0.84, 0.69, and 0.90 for normal, low-grade injuries, and high-grade splenic injuries, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of automating spleen injury detection using our method with potential applications in improving patient care through radiologist worklist prioritization and injury stratification. Future endeavours should concentrate on further enhancing and optimizing our approach and testing its use in a real-world clinical environment.