bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lesion Formation in Cardiac Pulsed‐Field Ablation: Acute to Chronic Cellular Level Changes
Authors: Garrott Kara , Bifulco Savannah , Ramirez David , Koop Brendan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAs pulsed‐field ablation (PFA) emerges as a promising therapy for atrial arrhythmias, an understanding of the cellular injury to cardiac tissue is critical to evaluating and interpreting results for each PFA system. This review aims to detail the mechanism of cell death for PFA, compare the cell death mechanism to thermal ablation modalities, clarify common histology markers, detail the progression of PFA lesions from the acute, to subacute, to chronic maturation states, and discuss clinical indicators of PFA lesions.
Measuring scientific classroom discourse: The DiISC Version 2.0's validity and use in observing secondary science lessons
Authors: Lewis Elizabeth , Lucas Lyrica , Helding Brandon , Tankersley Amy , Hasseler Elizabeth , Rivero Ana , Baker Dale 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTo continue to support long‐term, ongoing science curriculum and instruction reform efforts in the United States, there is a significant need to be able to reliably measure teachers’ discourse‐rich, inquiry‐based instruction. In this external validation study, we present the Discourse in Inquiry Science Classrooms Version 2.0 (DiISC 2.0) as a valuable observational instrument for researchers to investigate multiple aspects of science teachers' lessons. The DiISC 2.0 is grounded in a researchbased conceptual framework of a scientific classroom discourse community, focused on fundamental socioconstructivist characteristics of lessons, including scientific inquiry, oral and written discourse, and academic language development. We collected and analyzed new data from 807 science lessons to develop and expand the instrument's original validity argument beyond the associated professional development program for broader use. We determined the DiISC's factor structure and examined its correlation with the Electronic Quality of Inquiry Protocol. Finally, some items that did not represent DiISC constructs were removed. Thus, the DiISC 2.0 instrument can be used to measure students’ opportunities to learn science and provide feedback to teachers on their progress toward building an inclusive scientific classroom discourse community for all students, in particular, historically marginalized groups and multilingual learners.
Assessing teacher candidate knowledge of the mathematical practices
Authors: Matney Gabriel , Roberts Audrey Conway , Bostic Jonathan , Roberts Thomas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Standards for Mathematical Practice (SMPs; CCSSI, 2010) describe mathematical behaviors and habits that students should express during mathematics instruction. Teacher candidates should have knowledge about the SMPs and their implications for mathematical instruction. This study aims to share the validity evidence for interpretations of outcomes from the SMP‐Knowledge Assessment (KA) as a measure of teacher cadidates' knowledge related to the SMPs. Knowledge of the SMPs involves both mathematics content and a knowledge of students' behaviors as they engage with mathematics. The SMPs are an important part of teacher candidates growth in their knowledge for teaching. As such, teacher educators and researchers need robust ways of monitoring and measuring teacher candidates learning of growth in their knowledge of the SMPs. The SMP‐KA is an instrument to measure K‐12 teacher candidates' complex knowledge of the SMPs. The gathering of validity evidence with teacher candidates for the SMP‐KA followed validation standards (AERA, APA, & NCME, 2014). The results provide sufficient validity evidence to support the use of the SMP‐KA to assess teacher candidates' knowledge of the SMPs. We encourage other instrument developers to report validity evidence with the teacher candidate population.
STEM teachers' perceptions, familiarity, and support needs for integrating generative artificial intelligence in K‐12 education
Authors: Cheah Yin Hong , Kim Juhee 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe applied a mixed‐method survey approach to explore STEM teachers' perceptions, familiarity, and the support needed for integrating generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in K‐12 education. The study collected 48 responses from Idaho, USA, predominantly from White, female teachers servicing in rural schools. We analyzed data using both descriptive and inferential statistics, along with thematic and content analysis. The findings revealed diverse perceptions among STEM teachers regarding the impact of GenAI on education, with an almost equal split between those who viewed GenAI positively and those who viewed it negatively. Similarly, teachers' familiarity with GenAI integration varied widely, with over half lacking user experience. A significant positive correlation was found between teachers' perceptions of GenAI and their familiarity with its integration. Despite these varied views, there was a strong consensus among teachers on the importance of equipping students with AI‐related knowledge and skills. While professional development was identified as the most crucial support for GenAI integration, STEM teachers pointed to their own resistance and a lack of awareness among school leadership as major challenges to implementing GenAI‐focused professional development. The study discussed the implications for developing support systems that can better facilitate STEM teachers' GenAI integration.
Early‐Life Famine Experience and Households’ Diversity of Financial Asset Portfolio: Evidence From China
Authors: Xu Shulin , Yang Zhen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveBased on imprinting theory, this study investigates the impact of famine experience on household portfolio diversification, focusing on the three core elements of imprint formation: sensitive period, environmental imprint, and lasting impact.MethodUsing data from the 2013–2019 China Household Finance Survey, we examine how early‐life famine experience affects household investment choices by applying ordinary least squares (OLS) and ordered probit models.ResultsWe find that household heads who experienced famine during childhood tend to hold more stocks and other risky financial assets, leading to more diverse investment portfolios. Further, the impact of famine experience is greater in urban areas and for households with low levels of education and financial literacy. Mechanism analyses reveal that famine experience leads to risk aversion, which increases the diversity of household investments. However, the effect of famine experience weakens over time as the gap between experience and survey period grows.ConclusionThe study offers new insights into how early‐life famine experience shapes household investment behaviors. The findings deepen our understanding of how psychological factors, rooted in early adversities, influence financial portfolio choices, contributing to both upper echelons theory and behavioral finance research.
Understanding hepcidin for iron management in pregnancy
Authors: Rosson Sarah , Pavord Sue 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIron deficiency anaemia (IDA) poses a significant health challenge during pregnancy, affecting up to 30% of pregnant women in the UK. It has been linked to poor health outcomes for the mother, foetus, and the infant. Despite its prevalence and impact, current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are limited. Ensuring an adequate iron status in pregnancy requires prompt investigation and treatment whilst avoiding excessive iron supplementation and its associated side effects. Hepcidin, a key regulator of iron trafficking in the body, has emerged as a promising candidate for tailoring iron supplementation to individual needs and responsiveness. However, current research on hepcidin‐based approaches yields mixed findings, necessitating a comprehensive review to elucidate its potential utility in guiding iron therapy for pregnant women with IDA. This literature review seeks to synthesise existing evidence to explore the role of hepcidin in personalised iron supplementation for pregnant women with IDA and to identify avenues for future research to pave the way for improved management of IDA in pregnancy.
Critical Appraisal of Integrated Computational Fluid Dynamics/Surface Roughness Models for Additive Manufactured Swirl Burners
Authors: Al-Ajmi Rashed , Al-Shaghdari Mohammed , Goktepe Burak , Psomoglou Ianos , Bowen Phil 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) technology can create complex parts that are otherwise impractical to manufacture by traditional methods. However, the process often results in rough and irregular surfaces that can affect performance. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is considered as a tool to optimize component design for use in applications such as a gas turbine. However, modeling the interactions between turbulent flows and AM-generated wall roughness affect the predictive capability of numerical models due to difficulty in thoroughly characterizing rough wall texture. To progress toward addressing this issue, this study aims to appraise two common wall roughness approaches within the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) framework: the modified “law-of-the-wall” and roughness-resolving approaches. The modified law-of-the-wall is based on the correlation that converts the measured surface roughness parameters to the equivalent sand-grain roughness height. The second approach involves the resolution of the roughness elements within the computational grid. The simulations were compared against the velocity data published for the burner with AM swirl nozzle inserts of different surface finishes. At this stage of development, the realizable k–ɛ turbulence model was selected for all the CFD simulations. The results show that the roughness-resolving approach was better suited than the modified law-of-the-wall correlation, demonstrating good agreement with the experimental velocity data, predicting the velocity shift to the center. The model also revealed the shortened recirculation zone with increasing surface roughness, which is important in predicting flame stability and emissions performance to be studied subsequently.
Density-Refine: Patent Image Retrieval by Density-Based Region Extraction and Feature Fusion
Authors: Lin Yu-Hsun , Hung Min-Chian , Lee Chen-Fan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Design-by-analogy (DbA) is an important methodology in mechanical design that generates innovative solutions in the target domain with inspiration from a source domain. The patent database is one of the valuable source domains for the DbA method. Meanwhile, patents are crucial in engineering, especially for engineering design and acquiring an exclusive business advantage. Therefore, efficient patent exploration is essential in patent application and design inspiration. Patent image complements text-based descriptions with visual information. The visual information is practical for patent devices with complex structures. We found that spatial density is vital in extracting the relevant subregions. Therefore, we leveraged this property by incorporating density-based clustering to enrich the training dataset. We also proposed a feature fusion mechanism to utilize the newly extracted subregion information. As a result, we named our method Density-Refine since we improved the performance of patent image retrieval by employing the density property. Our method outperformed the state-of-the-art approaches in the benchmark dataset for patent image retrieval. We also investigate the performance of applying the density property to other similar mediums, such as sketch image retrieval. We expect this work to be a stepping stone to inspire more influential studies in image retrieval and design inspiration.
Impact of a virtual cardiology programme for postdischarge patients with cardiovascular disease: a matched cohort analysis
Authors: Zinzuwadia Aniket , Goldberg Jana , Hanson Mark A , Mandrayar Lindsey , Pratt Stacey , Jain Nayan , Littleton Sarah , Levine Hillari , Prescott Keisha , Truong Hannah , Wessler Jeffrey D 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionTelemedicine programmes have shown promise in reducing hospital readmissions, but varied RPM strategies and study populations have contributed to mixed results. Here, we evaluate a standardised virtual care programme in discharged patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).MethodsWe conducted an open-label prospective randomised study on discharged patients with known CVD comparing those who received a 100-day postdischarge virtual cardiology programme with individuals receiving standard cardiology care. The care programme consisted of telemedicine, RPM and medication titration. The study included patients recently followed by a partnering cardiology practice. Intervention patients with low engagement and late postdischarge onboarding were excluded from analysis. Control patients were matched 1:1 to the intervention patients. Readmission data were collected using an admission notification system. Statistical significance at 90 days was established via Cox proportional hazard analysis.ResultsThe matched cohort included 95 patients each in the intervention and control groups, aged 69 years, enrolled February 2021–May 2022. Intervention patients had on average 10.1 visits and 4.3 medication changes. Relative to controls, intervention patients had significantly lower rates of cardiac (8.4% vs 17.9%, p=0.04) and all-cause (15.8% vs 28.4%, p=0.02) readmissions over 90 days post discharge. They also experienced weight loss (4.5 pounds), reduced systolic blood pressure (−11.0 mm Hg) and improved dyspnoea during exercise and daily activities.ConclusionIn this matched cohort analysis of recently hospitalised patients with CVD, a postdischarge virtual cardiology programme combined with traditional outpatient follow-up reduced readmissions when compared with traditional care alone.
1  No NEWS is good NEWS – a machine learning approach to improve physiological early warning scoring
Authors: Pang Allan 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundCurrent Early Warning Scoring (EWS) systems in clinical practice are threshold rules-based systems using physiological data to highlight patients at risk of impending in-hospital death.Examples include the National Early Warning Score (NEWS2) and the Electronic Cardiac Arrest Triage (eCART) score, the standards of care within the UK and the USA, respectively.The current EWS modelling framework has two limitations. Firstly, they consider risk at a single time point and, therefore, cannot consider trajectories. Secondly, they negate relational information between covariates by decomposing physiological signals into a single value.We propose using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) units, a Machine Learning (ML) technique that uses time-series modelling and neural networks to address these limitations and better utilise the available information.MethodsWe extracted the sequences of vital signs, NEWS2, and eCART values within a 72-hour observation window from MIMIC-IV, a dataset containing anonymised electronic healthcare records. We masked the last 24 hours for each sequence and trained multiple ML models to identify patients at risk of death. We compare the models’ discriminative ability using the metrics, recall, F1-score, AUROC and AUPRC and conducted 10-fold stratified cross-validation.ResultsThe LSTM model has statistically significant performance advantages in F1-score (0.3391±0.0093), AUROC (0.7399±0.0119), and AUPRC (0.337±0.0212). The clinical benefit of such a model allows clinicians to correctly identify more at-risk patients without increasing the false alarm rate.We hypothesise that this ML pipeline can be used to predict other clinical outcomes of interest, such as a requirement for escalation of care/additional organ support, which is the focus of future work.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that the ML time-series framework can utilise trajectory information to give further context and significantly improve the prediction of impending death. We propose any future EWS systems should incorporate physiological time-series.
2  The effects of multidisciplinary team (MDT) residential rehabilitation versus outpatient physiotherapy for the management of non-arthritic hip pain (NAHP) in UK military personnel: a randomized controlled trial (RCT)
Authors: Coppack Russell , Cassidy Robyn , Bilzon James , Houston Andrew , Papadopoulou Theodora , Bennett Alexander 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundDespite the acceptance of residential MDT rehabilitation in the UK military, there is no evidence supporting its use in the management of non-arthritic hip pain (NAHP). This study compared the effects of a residential MDT care programme with physiotherapy led outpatient treatment on the clinical outcomes in UK military personnel with NAHP.MethodsThis was a single-blind, parallel group RCT. UK military personnel (N=87, 11 female), mean age 31 yrs (SD 7.1) were randomly allocated to receive: (1) a 7-day MDT residential rehabilitation course or, (2) conventional physiotherapy led outpatient care. The primary outcomes were pain (visual analogue scale, VAS 0-100mm) and physical function (Hip and Groin Outcome Score [HAGOS] activities in daily living [ADL] score). Secondary outcomes included hip muscle strength, hip range of motion, and walking ability (six-minute walk test [6MWT]). All outcome scores were taken at baseline (T1), after treatment (T2) and at 3-months (T3).ResultsThere were no significant between-group differences for VAS pain scores after treatment (T2) -3.05 (95%CI, -13.9 to 7.8, P=0.4), or at 3-months (T3), 4.5 (95% CI, -6.1 to 15.1, P=0.4). The mean reduction in pain from T1 to T3 for the residential group was 10.1 mm which reached the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) threshold of 10 mm. The mean (SD) HAGOS ADL scores improved from 68.7 (19.7) to 72.6 (23.0) in the residential group and 67.9 (21.9) to 74.4 (22.6) in the physiotherapy group. There were significant between-group differences for secondary outcomes after treatment (T2) in favour of outpatient physiotherapy that were not maintained at T3.ConclusionsThis is the first global RCT to compare residential rehabilitation with outpatient care in adults with NAHP. There were no significant between group differences at 3-months for any self-report or physical test scores. Outpatient physiotherapy showed superior muscle strength, HAGOS and 6MWT outcomes after treatment. Both residential and outpatient treatment resulted in improved function and pain outcomes and can be recommended in the UK military rehabilitation setting.
Tranexamic acid as an adjunct to resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta does not worsen outcomes in a porcine model of hemorrhage
Authors: Neidert Leslie E , Morgan Clifford G , Lonowski Dominic , Castro Cecilia , Hemond Peter J , Lozano Valeria R , Tiller Michael M , Cardin Sylvain , Glaser Jacob J 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundNon-compressible torso hemorrhage (NCTH) represents a leading cause of preventable mortality in trauma. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) stabilizes NCTH but may predispose patients to thrombus generation. REBOA must therefore be prospectively evaluated for coagulation risks with concomitant usage of anti-fibrinolytic tranexamic acid (TXA). Using a porcine model of hemorrhage, it was hypothesized that TXA with REBOA would worsen coagulation outcomes and organ damage.Materials and methodsThirty-two male Yorkshire swine underwent 30% blood volume hemorrhage with randomization to vehicle control (VC; normal saline), VC+REBOA, TXA, or TXA+REBOA. At T0, animals received 10 mL/minute of group-specific infusion (GSI) followed at T10 by 500 mL of whole blood (WB), second GSI at 13 mL/hour, and Zone 1 REBOA inflation in REBOA groups. At T40, REBOA was deflated, with additional 500 mL WB, and continuation of GSI for 3 hours. Physiological, coagulation, and inflammatory parameters were measured throughout the protocol, with postmortem histopathology.ResultsAfter REBOA deflation at T40, lactate was significantly higher for the REBOA groups versus the non-REBOA groups, and pH, bicarbonate, and base excess were all significantly lower than the non-REBOA groups. There were no significant differences observed between groups in coagulation, inflammatory, metabolic, or histopathologic parameters.ConclusionsAdministration of TXA with REBOA did not cause more deleterious coagulation outcomes. All significant changes were expected results of REBOA ischemia, and not attributable to TXA treatment. This suggests NCTH can safely be treated with both hemorrhage control methods without exacerbating clotting outcomes.Level of evidenceNot applicable—basic animal research.
Global Scientific Trends on Anxiety Disorders in the Early Twenty‐First Century: A Data‐Driven Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Wang Zhongqing , Wang Fang , Cui Zhiying , Meng Fanyu , Guo Haoxin , Tian Bailing , Li Nannan 
Published: January 2025

Objective: Interest in the study of anxiety disorders is growing rapidly. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive bibliometrics research in measuring and analyzing global scientific publications. The aim of this article is to review the current research status and trends of anxiety disorders worldwide through bibliometrics and to provide reliable support for future in‐depth research.Methods: In this bibliometric study, we utilized VOSviewer to evaluate the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) publications and to build visualizing maps to analyze the research progress on this topic between January 1, 2000, and August 7, 2024.Results: Up to August 7, 2024, the study included a total of 67,386 English original articles and review articles published in 4054 journals by 206,496 authors from 164 countries/regions. The United States was a leader in articles, researchers, and institutions in the field of anxiety disorders. Using cluster analysis, the keywords were divided into five major clusters: (1) etiology and pathogenesis, (2) clinical classification and interventions, (3) comorbidity, (4) anxiety caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic and specific groups, and (5) anxiety disorders in children and adolescents.Conclusion: Molecular and neural circuit mechanisms, adolescent psychological problems, objective indicators of diagnosis and classification, and technology‐assisted therapy are still the focus of future research. The findings provide a comprehensive overview of anxiety disorder research, which may help physicians, researchers, and local authorities and community health staff to more fully understand trends and influence in the field and highlight under‐researched areas, which could be the basis for future research.