bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient and Traceable Tamoxifen Delivery to Breast Cancer Cells Using Folic Acid‐Decorated and PEGylated Graphene Quantum Dots
Authors: Amraee Noora , Torbati Maryam Bikhof , Majd Ahmad , Shaabanzadeh Masoud 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGraphene quantum dots (GQDs) possess potential properties for the targeted transport and tracking of anticancer medication to tumor cells. For this purpose, the synthesized GQDs were decorated with folic acid (FA) and methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG2000), and finally loaded with tamoxifen (TMX) drug. The synthesized nano‐drug was characterized using FTIR, XRD, UV‐Vis, PL, HRTEM, FESEM, and DLS analytical devices. Based on the obtained data, the average hydrodynamic diameter of particles dissolved in water was 294.7 nm and the size of dehydrated particles was between 53 and 210 nm. PL data showed that prepared nanoparticles have an emission wavelength of 438 nm, which is in the blue fluorescent wavelength range, thus making these nanoparticles suitable for cell imaging. The encapsulation efficiency and loading percentage of tamoxifen in nanoparticles were calculated at about 52.5 % and 30 %, respectively, and cumulative drug release reached 89 % within 42 hours. The cytotoxicity effects of nanoparticles were investigated. According to IC50 results, the targeted mPEG‐GQDs‐FA/TMX (TMX‐FPGs) nano‐drug was more toxic than free TMX on MCF‐7 cells and had reduced side effects on healthy HDF cells. TMX‐FPGs induced apoptosis cell death, significantly. The confocal imaging experiments showed that TMX‐FPGs are appropriate for monitoring and targeting MCF‐7 cells.
Biaxial bending of RC rectangular column sections: Improved ‘load contour’ formulation
Authors: Kolapkar Bhargav Narendra , Balakrishnan Bijily , Menon Devdas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn design practice, the safety of any given rectangular reinforced concrete column section is checked by ensuring that all possible combinations of axial compression (Pu) and biaxial moments (Mux, Muy) at the ultimate limit state lie within its three‐dimensional load–moment interaction failure surface. Although such a check is facilitated by commercial software packages, it is traditionally carried out with the help of an approximate formulation of the ‘load contour’ at any given axial load level, first proposed by Bresler. The present study proposes an efficient algorithm, using a ‘modified thick layer integration’ approach and a ‘nested bisection’ method, to generate the ‘exact’ load contour (and thereby, the complete interaction surface) for any symmetrically reinforced column section, complying with the strength design requirements of ACI 318 (or EC2 or IS 456). The algorithm also generates a measure of the safety margin, called ‘demand‐to‐capacity ratio’ (DCR), defined as the ratio of the resultant design moment (Mu) to the moment capacity (Muθ) at a given axial load level (Pu). For an optimal code‐compliant design, the peak value of DCR generated from various factored load combinations (obtained from frame analyses) must be close to 1.0. The extent to which the peak DCR is less (or greater) than 1.0 provides a measure of over‐design (or under‐design) in a given context. After validating the algorithm, a parametric study was carried out on a spectrum of 36 different cross‐sections having different aspect ratios, bar arrangements and reinforcement percentages. The study reveals that the exponent in the approximate load contour formulation depends not only on the axial load (as currently assumed in ACI: SP17, EC2 and IS 456), but also on the percentage of longitudinal reinforcement. Accordingly, modifications have been suggested to improve the accuracy in these code‐prescribed approximate formulations of the load contour, for more economical and safe design.
Tight control using fecal calprotectin and early disease intervention increase the rates of transmural remission in Crohn's disease
Authors: Fernandes Samuel Raimundo , Bernardo Sónia , Saraiva Sofia , Gonçalves Ana Rita , Moura Santos Paula , Valente Ana , Correia Luís Araújo , Cortez‐Pinto Helena , Magro Fernando 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing evidence supports the use of transmural remission as a treatment target in Crohn's disease (CD), but it is seldom achieved in clinical practice. Tight monitoring of inflammation using fecal calprotectin with reactive treatment escalation may potentially improve these results.AimsTo evaluate if treatment escalation based on fecal calprotectin can improve the rates of transmural remission in CD. The influence of the timing of intervention on this strategy was also evaluated.MethodsRetrospective cohort study including 256 CD patients with 2 consecutive assessments by MRI‐enterography and colonoscopy and with regular monitoring using fecal calprotectin. For each occurrence of an elevated fecal calprotectin (≥250 μg/g), we evaluated whether a reactive adjustment of medical treatment was performed. The ratio of treatment escalation/elevated fecal calprotectin was correlated with the chances of reaching transmural remission. Early disease was defined as disease duration <18 months without previous exposure to immunomodulators and biologics.ResultsAfter a median follow‐up of 2 years (IQR 1–4), 61 patients (23.8%) reached transmural remission. Ratios of escalation ≥50% resulted in higher rates of transmural remission (34.2% vs. 15.1%, p < 0.001). The effect was more pronounced in patients with early disease (50.0% vs. 12.0%, p = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, a treatment escalation ratio ≥50% (OR 3.46, 95% CI 1.67–7.17, p = 0.001) and early disease intervention (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.12–9.34, p = 0.030) were independent predictors of achieving transmural remission.ConclusionTight‐monitoring and reactive treatment escalation increase the rates of transmural remission in CD. Intervention in early disease further improves these results.
Heritaging and the Use of History in Margit Sandemo’s The Legend of the Ice People
Authors: Trenter Cecilia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores the use of heritage and history in the popular romance series The Legend of the Ice People (1982–1989) by Norwegian-Swedish author Margit Sandemo. The epos is the 47-volume multigenerational saga of a family. The series is here defined as a story world in which Sandemo is the creator, but fans are actively involved in collective negotiations. The use of the past within the series offers interpretations to readers, who are putting the old-fashion modes into up-to-date, concurrent, and contemporary understandings of morality by emerging from the historical past within the series.
How [Not] to Run a Colony in the Distant Past and the Future
Authors: Kupperman Karen Ordahl 
Published: December 2023

AbstractColonialism always rests on a false premise: we will bring our superior culture to a new region. The beings who inhabit the territory may be useful to us, but they certainly can be pushed out of the way. Such was the case in England’s first attempts in North America 400 years ago, and now fictional accounts of colonization in outer space see humans repeating their mistakes. This chapter uses pamphlets, letters, and official documents written in the beginning decades of English colonization in North America. It also draws on two modern science fiction accounts, one from the mid-twentieth century, Harry Martinson’s Aniara, and the other recently published, Charlie Jane Anders’ The City in the Middle of the Night.
Managing Differences, Showing (Dis)affiliations: Language Contacts Through the Eyes of the Inhabitants of a Village in Finnish Lapland
Authors: Hippi Kaarina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter discusses how inhabitants of a Finnish village near the Norwegian border describe different languages in their lives. In their current place of residence, tourism has a strong influence, and the inhabitants have temporary contacts with national and transnational visitors and hear and use different languages and their varieties. Also, the location of the village in the Saami land influences their experiences. The data consist of seven language biographical interviews. The interviewees describe the languages they recognise and use in interactions with others, including also experiences of variation within the named languages. Their relationship (affiliations and disaffiliations) with the languages is reflected in their attitudes, particularly as affective stances which have ideological connections. The study shows how sociolinguistic dynamics in a northern location as well as the personal contacts and background of its residents are present in their interactions and have an impact on their involvement with languages.
Gene Editing of Wheat to Reduce Coeliac Disease Epitopes in Gluten
Authors: Smulders Marinus J. M. , Gilissen Luud J. W. J. , Juranić Martina , Schaart Jan G. , van de Wiel Clemens C. M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBy using gene editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas, precise modifications can be made in the genome. CRISPR/Cas is especially valuable for targeted mutagenesis in polyploids, as it can induce mutations of multiple alleles simultaneously, to obtain regenerants that are homozygous for the desired mutation. A range of gene-edited traits have been developed in hexaploid bread wheat, including various nutrition and health-related traits, plant architecture, pest and disease resistance, tolerance to abiotic stress, and traits that enable more efficient breeding. Wheat is also known as a cause of some human diseases, particularly coeliac disease (CD), with a prevalence of 1–2% of the population. In the EU alone, at least 4.5 million people suffer from it. CD is a chronic inflammation of the small intestine, induced and maintained in genetically predisposed individuals by the consumption of gluten proteins from wheat, barley and rye. As there is no cure, patients must follow a life-long gluten-free diet. The dominant epitopes in gluten proteins that trigger the disease, have been characterized, but they cannot be removed by classical breeding without affecting baking quality, as it concerns over 100 gluten genes that occur partly as blocks of genes in the genome of wheat. Using gene editing, two studies have shown that it is possible to modify the epitopes in several alpha- and gamma-gliadins simultaneously, while deleting some of the genes completely. In some lines more than 80% of the alpha-gliadin genes were modified. These proof-of-principle studies show that it is feasible to use gene editing, along with other breeding approaches, to completely remove the CD epitopes from bread wheat. Gene-edited coeliac-safe wheat will have economic, social and environmental impact on food security, nutrition and public health, but the realisation will (partially) depend on new European legislation for plants produced by gene editing.
Genome Editing in Forest Trees
Authors: Bruegmann Tobias , Fendel Alexander , Zahn Virginia , Fladung Matthias 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSince the first CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing of poplar in 2015, an increasing number of tree species are being genome-edited. Although the availability of genome sequences, tissue culture and transformation systems are limiting factors, research is ongoing on advanced methods such as DNA-free genome editing and gene targeting approaches in addition to the optimisation of single gene knockouts. These can be used to address ambitious issues and perform genome editing more accurately, which has implications for the legal assessment of edited trees. Once technically established, CRISPR/Cas can be used to circumvent specific challenges related to forest tree species, e.g., longevity and extended vegetative phases, and to modify traits relevant for breeding, whether for direct application or to elucidate the genetic basis of individual traits. Not least due to climate change, adaptation to abiotic stress such as drought stress as well as biotic stresses caused by pathogens are strongly in focus. For the use as a renewable resource and as a carbon sink, wood productivity in forest trees as well as wood properties are of interest. In biosafety assessments, tree-specific aspects have to be considered, which result, among other aspects, from the long lifespan.
Breeding for Yield Quality Parameters and Abiotic Stress in Tomato Using Genome Editing
Authors: García-Caparrós Pedro 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGrowing tomatoes is an important aspect of agriculture around the world because of the positive effects it has on people’s health and the economy. Tomato breeders and growers have always been inspired by the market’s insatiable desire for high-yielding and high-quality tomatoes. Crop production, yield, and quality are all negatively affected by abiotic stress, which includes factors like drought, salinity, heat, and cold. As climate change alters weather patterns throughout the world, farmers around the world are increasingly worried about the effects of abiotic stress on their tomato crops. The CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing tool has attracted attention as an alternative for solving the need for high-yield and superior-quality tomatoes, as well as for managing abiotic stress in tomato plants. This method of gene editing offers new possibilities for the development of stress-tolerant tomato varieties. The present book chapter provides a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on CRISPR/Cas9 and its potential implications in tomato agriculture, with a particular emphasis on enhancing yield quality and conferring resistance to abiotic stresses. The CRISPR/Cas9 technology has the potential to enhance the taste, appearance, and nutritional value of tomatoes by accurately altering the genes responsible for flavor, color, aroma, and nutrition. The previously mentioned condition could end up in the cultivation of tomatoes that exhibit heightened levels of sweetness, as well as elevated concentrations of crucial vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. The application of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated modifications has the possibility to augment the plant’s capacity to endure abiotic stress conditions through the introduction of genes implicated in different pathways that contribute to enhanced resilience to such challenging surroundings. In conclusion, the use of CRISPR/Cas9 offers an intriguing chance for improving tomato farming through the enhancement of crop quality and yield, as well as the strengthening of tomato plants against adverse abiotic conditions.
The Awareness of the Polish Society on New Genomic Techniques
Authors: Mołodziejko Wiktoria , Nowakowska Justyna , Linkiewicz Anna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNew genomic techniques (NGTs) are challenging from an ethical perspective as well as from the legal and regulatory point of view. Acceptance of solutions by society is a factor that can determine the success of a technology. Increasingly, there is a growing gap between the solutions offered by biotechnology and the public, which with certain ambiguity evaluates biotechnological innovations. Here we investigate the level of knowledge of Polish society on NGTs and the perception of this techniques. Our survey was carried out on a representative group of Polish citizens from August 2022 till January 2023, and was based on a 3-part self-developed questionnaire. Questions concerned: (i) demographic characteristics, (ii) the knowledge of the NGTs including the legal state of the NGT after a ruling European Court of Justice (Case C-528/16) and (iii) respondent’s attitudes towards the NGTs. As result, only 15% of respondents (n = 194) gave the correct definition of NGTs, 43% the respondents never encountered the term NGTs, and 35% could not define it. The majority of respondents recognised the potential benefits of using the technology in agriculture as well as in healthcare, but they were not convinced about the potential personal use of NGTs if they were allowed in Poland.
Novel Delivery Methods for CRISPR-Based Plant Genome Editing
Authors: Prestwich Barbara Doyle , Cardi Teodoro , Bakhsh Allah , Nicolia Alessandro , Bhati Kaushal Kumar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUsing modern genome editing tools, scientists are increasingly able to engineer animals and plants for better traits and improved downstream outcomes that benefit humans. As part of the CRISPR-Cas system, guide RNA (gRNA) is used to identify the target sequence, while Cas is an endonuclease that performs the nucleotide cleavage. It is imperative that these two components are delivered to the nucleus of the cell in order to ensure an optimal editing process. As a consequence of differences in the cellular structure and biomolecular composition of the outer membrane, plants are not capable of being cloned genetically in the same manner as animal cells. A more optimized method and pipeline must be developed to improve the efficiency of transformations and genome editing for plants. In this book chapter, we highlight traditional and novel delivery methods used for optimal delivery of plant genome editing components. We discuss the potential and limitations of these methods in the light of recent literature and available experimental validations.
Rolle der Digitalisierung für kreislauffähiges Bauen
Authors: Gebetsroither Michaela , Honic Meliha , Kovacic Iva , Löffler Christoph , Marx Klemens , Pamminger Rainer , Robbi Steffen , Sustr Christian , Schützenhofer Stefan , Weber Gundula 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungWie bereits beschrieben, setzen die regulativen Anforderungen zur Erfüllung kreislauffähigen Bauens und die darauf aufbauenden Gebäudezertifizierungen hohe und komplexe Anforderungen an Nachweisführung und Bauwerksdokumentation. Es ist nötig zu wissen, welche Baustoffe und Materialien, Komponenten und technische Gerätschaften in welchen Mengen, Massen und Qualitätsstandards verbaut sind. Es soll auch nach Jahren der Betriebsführung noch nachweisbar sein, wie die Trennbarkeit und Demontierbarkeit von Schichtaufbauten möglich ist und welchen Anteil an Recyclingmaterial die verbauten Produkte beinhalten.
Erstellung eines BIM basierten Gebäudepass
Authors: Gebetsroither Michaela , Honic Meliha , Kovacic Iva , Löffler Christoph , Marx Klemens , Pamminger Rainer , Robbi Steffen , Sustr Christian , Schützenhofer Stefan , Weber Gundula 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungNachfolgend wird die Erstellung eines digitalen Gebäudepasses zum Nachweis kreislauffähigen Bauens mit zwei in Österreich etablierten Anbietern beschrieben. Geprüft wird dabei auch die Eignung von BIM als Datengrundlage.
The Modular Isomorphism Problem and Abelian Direct Factors
Authors: García-Lucas Diego 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLet p be a prime and let G be a finite p-group. We show that the isomorphism type of the maximal abelian direct factor of G, as well as the isomorphism type of the group algebra over $${{\mathbb {F}}}_p$$

F
p

of the non-abelian remaining direct factor, if existing, are determined by $${{\mathbb {F}}}_p G$$

F
p

G

, generalizing the main result in Margolis et al. (Abelian invariants and a reduction theorem for the modular isomorphism problem, Journal of Algebra 636, 533-559 (2023)) over the prime field. To do this, we address the problem of finding characteristic subgroups of G such that their relative augmentation ideals depend only on the k-algebra structure of kG, where k is any field of characteristic p, and relate it to the modular isomorphism problem, extending and reproving some known results.
Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Human Colorectal Cancer Using RNASeq Data Validated on the Molecular Level with Real-Time PCR
Authors: Elsayed Aya M. A. , Oweda Mariam , Abushady Asmaa M. , Alhelf Maha , Khalil Shaimaa R. M. , Tawfik Mohamed S. , Al-Atabany Walid , El-Hadidi Mohamed 
Published: December 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent cancer with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Late diagnosis is a significant contributor to low survival rates in a minority of cases. The study aimed to perform a robust pipeline using integrated bioinformatics tools that will enable us to identify potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for early detection of CRC by exploring differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In addition to, testing the capability of replacing chemotherapy with plant extract in CRC treatment by validating it using real-time PCR. RNA-seq data from cancerous and adjacent normal tissues were pre-processed and analyzed using various tools such as FastQC, Kallisto, DESeq@ R package, g:Profiler, GNEMANIA-CytoScape and CytoHubba, resulting in the identification of 1641 DEGs enriched in various signaling routes. MMP7, TCF21, and VEGFD were found to be promising diagnostic biomarkers for CRC. An in vitro experiment was conducted to examine the potential anticancer properties of 5-fluorouracile, Withania somnifera extract, and their combination. The extract was found to exhibit a positive trend in gene expression and potential therapeutic value by targeting the three genes; however, further trials are required to regulate the methylation promoter. Molecular docking tests supported the findings by revealing a stable ligand-receptor complex. In conclusion, the study’s analysis workflow is precise and robust in identifying DEGs in CRC that may serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, the identified DEGs can be used in future research with larger sample sizes to analyze CRC survival.
Elevated temperature and nutrients lead to increased N2O emissions from salt marsh soils from cold and warm climates
Authors: Comer-Warner Sophie A. , Ullah Sami , Dey Arunabha , Stagg Camille L. , Elsey-Quirk Tracy , Swarzenski Christopher M. , Sgouridis Fotis , Krause Stefan , Chmura Gail L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSalt marshes can attenuate nutrient pollution and store large amounts of ‘blue carbon’ in their soils, however, the value of sequestered carbon may be partially offset by nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Global climate and land use changes result in higher temperatures and inputs of reactive nitrogen (Nr) into coastal zones. Here, we investigated the combined effects of elevated temperature (ambient + 5℃) and Nr (double ambient concentrations) on nitrogen processing in marsh soils from two climatic regions (Quebec, Canada and Louisiana, U.S.) with two vegetation types, Sporobolus alterniflorus (= Spartina alterniflora) and Sporobolus pumilus (= Spartina patens), using 24-h laboratory incubation experiments. Potential N2O fluxes increased from minor sinks to major sources following elevated treatments across all four marsh sites. One day of potential N2O emissions under elevated treatments (representing either long-term sea surface warming or short-term ocean heatwaves effects on coastal marsh soil temperatures alongside pulses of N loading) offset 15–60% of the potential annual ambient N2O sink, depending on marsh site and vegetation type. Rates of potential denitrification were generally higher in high latitude than in low latitude marsh soils under ambient treatments, with low ratios of N2O:N2 indicating complete denitrification in high latitude marsh soils. Under elevated temperature and Nr treatments, potential denitrification was lower in high latitude soil but higher in low latitude soil as compared to ambient conditions, with incomplete denitrification observed except in Louisiana S. pumilus. Overall, our findings suggest that a combined increase in temperature and Nr has the potential to reduce salt marsh greenhouse gas (GHG) sinks under future global change scenarios.