bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Perceived Food Environment Surrounding Tribal Lands in California: Tribal Member Perspectives
Authors: Chodur Gwen Marie , Kodish Stephen , Antiporta Daniel , Oddo Vanessa , Shen Ye , Jones‐Smith Jessica 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo describe and understand the food environment surrounding tribal lands in California and its impact on food choices among Native American tribal members.MethodsWe conducted in‐depth interviews with a sample of Native American parents living in California (N=24). Tribal members were purposively sampled from California's federally recognized tribes by study staff at health clinics and conferences, as well as through word‐of‐mouth referrals. We analyzed data using a modified Grounded Theory approach with Dedoose. Initial descriptive categories were developed based on the study objectives using a deductive approach and additional themes were added as they emerged, using the constant comparative method. We assessed discrepancies between coders using IRR and proceeded with coding once high reliability (IRR= 0.83) was achieved.ResultsSalient themes that were identified included limited food purchasing options; challenges in acquiring food due to distance to a food source and financial constraints; and a negative perception of the food environment. It was common for participants to describe tribal lands as more distantly located from food stores and state that the distance to the closest grocery store was an influential factor in choosing foods to purchase. Interview participants tended to have negative perceptions of the quality of food available in their immediate environment and expressed that the lack of convenient healthy food options limited their ability to acquire and consume healthy food. Many expressed frustration at their experience of wanting to provide healthy food for their families, but being unable to do so because of limitations in affordability and availability. Perceptions about restaurants and fast food outlets were mixed.ConclusionsNative American parents living on tribal lands in California perceived food availability and purchasing options to place considerable constraints on diet quality that conflicted with the intention to purchase and prepare healthy food. The limitations of the food environment may contribute to the health disparities of this population and should be addressed in interventions.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the National Institutes of Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (4R00HD073327).
Physical Activity and Inactivity and its Association with Overweight and Obesity on Children and Adolescents between 10 to 14 Years Old
Authors: Pantoja Itzayana Yarabetzy , Sandoval Ximena , Talavera Juan Osvaldo , Pérez Marcela 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionPhysical activity and inactivity have been considered risk factors for developing overweight and obesity. Excess weight occurs when the intake from diet is greater than the energy expenditure.ObjectiveDetermine the association of physical activity and inactivity and overweight and obesity on children and adolescents from 10 to 14 years old in Mexico City.MethodsCross sectional study. We recruited 213 children and adolescents. Weight and height were collected by trained personnel. Physical activity and inactivity were measured with an adapted physical activity and inactivity questionnaire for Mexican students (CAINM).ResultsThe prevalence of low weight, normal weight, overweight and obesity was 0.9%,57.7%, 23.9% and 7.4% respectively. The median of sleep time on week days was 8 hours and on weekends 10 hours for both genders. 73.5% of the girls and 81.5% of the boys spent ≥2 h/d in front of a screen. The percentage of girls and boys who use inactive transportation to school (car, bus) was 54.5% and 69.1% respectively. 77.8% of the boys and 72%of the girls practice physical activity. No association was found between sleeping hours on week days, sleeping hours on weekends, time spent in front of a monitor, practice of a physical activity and overweight and obesity on girls and boys. The association between the mode of transport to school and overweight and obesity in boys was OR=4.64 (IC95%=1.45–14.83), in girls, there was no significant results.ConclusionsDespite no association was found between the time spent in front of a monitor, practice of a physical activity and overweight and obesity in girls and boys, the hours a day spent in front of a screen by most children and adolescents exceed the international recommendations (≥2 hours per day). The major finding of this research was that the use inactive transportation to school is a risk factor for overweight and obesity in boys. It is important to take actions that promote the use of active transportation to school (walk, bicycle)because it is a simple way to increase the physical activity.
Metabolism of uniformly labelled 13C‐eicosapentaenoic acid and 13C–arachidonic acid during healthy aging
Authors: Léveillé Pauline , Chouinard‐Watkins Raphael , Cunnane Stephen , Brenna J. Thomas , Plourde Mélanie 
Published: November 2023

Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFA) are involved in signalling pathways that control a wide range of bodily functions, notably inflammatory response. We previously gave a single dose of 13C‐docosahexaenoic acid (13C‐DHA) to six young (~25 yrs old) and six older (~75 yrs old) participants and we found that 4 h after the tracer intake, 13C‐DHA was fourfold higher in the plasma of older participants than the young. Because previous studies reported that EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and AA (arachidonic acid) concentrations are age‐dependant, we sought to better characterize the kinetics of these two fatty acids between young and older participants.ObjectiveTo determine the kinetics of 13C‐EPA and 13C‐AA in young and older participants.MethodSix young (18–30 yrs old) and six elderly (≥ 70 yrs old) healthy participants were recruited. The study is designed in three blocks of one month: 13C‐EPA follow‐up, wash‐out and 13C‐AA follow‐up. Each participant will orally consume a single oral dose of 35 mg of 13C‐EPA, and after the wash out a 50 mg dose of 13C‐AA. Fasted blood and breath samples will be collected before breakfast (baseline) and thereafter 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 7 d, 14 d, 21 d and 28 d after the tracer intake. Breath samples will be collected in triplicate.13C enrichment in breath 13CO2 was measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry.Preliminary resultsTo date, two young and four elderly participants have started the study. Mean age of the young and the elderly is 24 ± 4 and 75 ± 2 yrs old, respectively. Weight and body mass index were not different between the two groups. At baseline, there was no difference in plasma triglycerides, HDL, LDL and total cholesterol between the two groups supporting that the elderly are metabolically healthy. Cumulative β‐oxidation of 13C‐EPA over 7 days reached 40% in both groups. 13C‐EPA and 13C‐AA will be analyzed in the plasma of both groups. Aging is associated with low‐grade inflammation and EPA and AA are precursors of anti‐ and pro‐inflammatory molecules, respectively. Hence, this study will provide new insight into physiological modifications of these fatty acids metabolism associated with aging and could open new directions for research in this area.Support or Funding InformationQuebec Network for Research on Aging. Pauline Léveillé is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the department of medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke.
Possible Nutritional Etiology of Osteosarcopenic Obesity Syndrome
Authors: Inglis Julia E , Jafarinasabian Pegah , Gilman Jenifer C , Kelly Owen Joseph , Ilich Jasminka Z 
Published: November 2023

Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) is a recently identified syndrome characterized by simultaneous presence of osteopenia/osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and increased adiposity (either as overt overweight or fat redistribution and infiltration into bone and muscle). Our objective was to examine possible dietary macro and micro nutrient patterns, possibly leading to OSO. We analyzed 2011–2012 NHANES data (as a proxy for Western‐type diet) for macro and micro nutrients in older women to determine possible relevant nutritional deficiencies and/or excesses. The data revealed reduced energy intake with aging, despite the weight gain. This suggests that decrease in higher metabolically active tissue, especially muscle mass (sarcopenia), coupled with increased adipose tissue (obesity) and overall lower metabolic rate requires less energy to maintain/gain body weight. Protein intake (as % of energy) was below recommendations, while total fat (as % of energy) remained stable, but EPA and DHA were low. Carbohydrate intake was higher than recommendations and simple sugars contributed to more than 50% of total carbohydrate intake. Women were insufficient in Ca, Mg, and K, vitamins A, D, E, K, C and B6, but in excess of minerals P, Na and Fe, and possibly B12, niacin and riboflavin. Although there is a limited knowledge as to how each separate nutrient behaves within the current nutritional environment, our analysis suggests that the typical Western‐diet nutrient composition, for both macro and micro nutrients may not promote healthy aging and may be contributing to the low‐grade chronic inflammation and ultimately development of OSO. In conclusion, the combination of low protein, high simple carbohydrates, and deficiencies of Ca, Mg and K and excess of P, Na and Fe, and deficiencies of fat soluble vitamins, may be associated with lower bone mass, sarcopenia and increased/redistributed adiposity, and therefore lead to OSO.Support or Funding InformationNo funding source.
BODY COMPSOTION AND DIETYARY INTAKES IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY ACCORDING TO OBESITY DEGREE
Authors: Kim Hyo‐Jung , Yim Jung‐Eun 
Published: November 2023

The major obstacles to the development of children with cerebral palsy (CP) are related with inadequate nutrient intake. This study aims to reveal meal‐related factors affecting nutritional status and development of CP by conducting and evaluating surveys on dietary intake of children with cerebral palsy considering obesity degree.This study conducts a survey of 16 children with cerebral palsy. The children are categorized into underweight group, normal weight group, and obesity group. The general characteristics and motor disturbance were evaluated by specialist in rehabilitation. The body composition was measured by bioimpedance method. The feeding disturbance, eating habits, dietary intake, and intake patterns by foods were examined by registered dietitian.The underweight children with CP had higher degree of motor disturbance and feeding disturbance (p<0.05). The percentage of body fat were 12.5%, 32.1%, and 44.5% in underweight, normal, and obese CP children, respectively (p<0.05). The visceral fat were 28.0cm2, 36.4 cm2, and 75.5 cm2 in underweight, normal, and obese CP children, respectively (p<0.05). In the eating habits, the underweight children with CP had unbalanced meals, and those in obesity group tend to have larger and faster intake meals. The obese CP children had eating problems such as overeating and unbalanced diet (p<0.05). The intake amounts of magnesium, vitamin D, and calcium were deficient in CP children.Our result suggested that obesity degree affected disability, body composition, and dietary intakes in children with CP. It is necessary to emphasize the adequate dietary intake and nutrients (magnesium, vitamin D, and calcium) in CP children, especially in underweight children with CP. The obese children with CP had severe abdominal obesity, and were needed change of eating habits.
Serum Lipids Profile of Growing Rats Feed with Different Sources of Lipids
Authors: Perris Paula , Inés Fernandez , Mambrin Maria Cecilia , Slobodianik Nora , Feliu Maria Susana 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionDiet lipid profile is important to prevent chronic diseases and improve the quality of life of individuals.Objectiveanalyze the effect of different sources of dietary lipids on sera triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and fatty acid profile of growing rats.Methodsweanling Wistar rats were fed during 40 days with experimental diet containing: 15 Kcal of lipids % (F%) provided by butter (B group) and olive oil (O group). Control group(C) received diet according to AIN’93 (soy oil and F%=15). Sera levels of TG and TC were determined by enzymatic‐colorimetric method. Diets, serum fatty acids profiles were determined by gas chromatography. Statistical analysis used ANOVA and Dunnett/Kruskal‐Wallis as post tests (*p<0.01).ResultsSera (mean±SD, mg/dL) TG B15=122.9±28.4*; O15=94.6±23.7; C=62.2±27.3; TC B=65.7±8.8; O=69.5±7,0; C=62.1±9.6. Results of fatty acids expressed as % Area (*p<0.01) were: PALMITIC B=20.66±1.86* O=19.44±2.05 C=16.08±2.15 OLEIC B=19.26±1.97* O=20.42±3.51* C=11.29±2.27 LINOLEIC B=5.71±3.35* O=8.40±0.96* C=18.50±3.31 LINOLENIC B=0.33±0.16* O=0.35±0.15* C=0.81±0.22.ConclusionTG were statistical higher in B compared with C. Experimental groups B and O showed higher sera oleic acid levels with lower linolenic and linoleic levels compared to C. Conclusions: The increase of TG would be a consequence of the type of lipid received. The results of sera fatty acids suggest that it was exacerbated ω9 family with diminution of essential fatty acids. The sources of dietary lipids provoked changes in sera fatty acids profiles.Support or Funding InformationSupported by UBACyT 20020120200068.
Protein Quantity, Quality, and Distribution Have No Effect on Daily Appetite Control, Satiety, or Free living, Ad libitum Food Intake during Energy Balance in Healthy, Overweight Women
Authors: Shafer Rebecca 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundAcute, single‐meal trials have illustrated postprandial improvements in appetite control and satiety following the consumption of single, high‐protein (HP) vs. standard‐protein (SP) meals. However, it is unclear as to whether these improvements occur across the day when protein is consumed at each eating occasion. Other factors, including protein quality and distribution, may also influence the protein‐related benefits.ObjectivesTo examine the effects of protein quantity, quality, and distribution across the day on appetite control, satiety, and ad libitum food intake during energy balance (EB) in healthy, overweight women.MethodsSeventeen women (age: 33±1y; BMI: 27.8±0.1kg/m2) completed the following randomized controlled‐feeding, cross‐over design study. Participants consumed 4 EB diets (~2000 kcal/d) containing SP (15% of energy from protein; 76±1g protein/d) or HP (25% of energy from protein; 126g protein/d). The SP diets contained either all plant proteins (PLANT) or a combination of beef and plant proteins (BEEF), in which the protein was evenly distributed throughout the day (EVEN). The HP treatments were BEEF and were provided as an EVEN or uneven distribution (UNEVEN) pattern – with 15% of daily protein consumed at breakfast, 20% at lunch, and 65% between dinner and the evening snack. All food was provided for 7 days/diet. On day 6 of each pattern, participants completed a tightly‐controlled 12‐h testing day consisting of questionnaires assessing perceived hunger, fullness, desire to eat, prospective food consumption (PFC), and food cravings. On day 7, protein intake was held constant but carbohydrate and fat‐rich foods were provided ad libitum at each meal and snack.ResultsProtein quality, quantity, and distribution had no effect on daily hunger, fullness, desire to eat, or PFC. In addition, no differences in food cravings were detected between treatments. By design, daily protein intake was greater following the HP vs. SP diets (p<0.05). However, ad libitum carbohydrate and fat intake was not different between treatments.ConclusionsThese data suggest that protein quantity, quality, and distribution do not significantly influence eating behavior during energy balance in healthy, overweight women.Support or Funding InformationThe Beef Checkoff
Inhibition of bone metastasis by fish oil, thymoquinone, and xanthone
Authors: Salazar Robert Estaban , Guitry‐Elizondo Crissy , Navarro Jorge F , Guitierez Lisa , Rasa Cordelia , Banu Jameela 
Published: November 2023

Breast cancer is the second most common form of cancer in the United States of America. If left untreated, breast cancer cells metastasize to the bone. At this stage, osteoclastogenesis is increased and bone loss is accelerated, causing fragile bones. Bone metastasis produces severe bone pain, and currently available medical treatment only focuses on reducing the pain and not on tumor growth or decreasing metastasis. Moreover, medications cause severe side effects, therefore, there is an increase in the use of alternative medicine and nutritional supplementation to decrease bone metastasis. The objectives of this research study, was to determine if fish oils (FO) with high docosahexaenoic acid content by itself or in combination with, thymoquinone (TQ) and xanthones (XN) would decrease bone metastasis in female mice. Four week old C57BL/6 athymic female mice were divided into the following groups: Group 1. Control (C); Group 2. Control Tumor (CT); Group 3. FO fed; Group 4. TQ fed; Group 5. XN fed; Group 6. FO+TQ; Group 7. FO+XN; and Group 8. TQ+XN. Athymic mice were fed their respective diets for 4 or 6 weeks and then groups 2 to 8 were injected with MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells. Feeding their respective diets were continued for an additional 4 weeks. After four weeks, mice were euthanized, femurs and tibias were collected and scanned with a peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) densitometer.The scans of the right distal femur metaphysis (DFM) were analyzed and both FO and FO+TQ expressed the most significant and consistent bone protective properties, when compared to the CT group. The Total Bone Area (Tot B Ar) significantly decreased in the CT group (10%, p<0.05), when compared to that of the C group, but significantly increased in all the treatment groups. The total bone mineral content (Tot BMC) increased significantly in the FO+TQ treated group (6%, p<0.05). Trabecular bone mineral density (Tb BMD) increased in the FO (10%, p<0.05) and FO+TQ treated groups (14%, p<0.05), in comparison with the CT group. Although the other diets did attenuate bone metastasis in the DFM, they were to a lesser extent compared to the FO and FO+TQ groups.The proximal tibial metaphysis (PTM) showed increased Tot B Ar in the FO (24%, p<0.05), TQ (19%, p<0.05), FO+XN (24%, p<0.05) and TQ+XN (24%, p<0.05. The Trabecular Bone Area (Tb B Ar) also increased significantly in all the different treatments tested, compared to those of the CT mice. The Trabecular Bone Mineral Content (Tb BMC) was increased significantly after treated with FO (31%, p<0.05), TQ (53%, p<0.05) and TQ+XN (44%, p<0.05), when compared to those of the CT mice.In summary, FO protected the Tot B Ar and Tb BMD in the femur, while in the tibia, in addition to the Tot B Ar, it protected the Tb b Ar and Tb BMC. We conclude that FO protected femur and tibia from bone metastasis better than TQ and XN alone.Support or Funding InformationUniversity Research Initiative
Anti‐Proliferative and Anti‐Inflammatory Action of Blueberry Polyphenols in HIG‐82 Rabbit Synoviocytes
Authors: South Sanique , Lucero Jacquelynn , Imrhan Victorine , Prasad Chandan , Vijayagopal Parakat , Juma Shanil 
Published: November 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and a chronic inflammatory disease resulting in joint destruction and disability in the adult population. The etiology of this condition is not well understood and presently there is no cure for this disease. The accumulation and proliferation of fibroblast‐like synoviocytes may be involved in cartilage destruction. Proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1‐beta (IL‐1β) and tumor‐necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα) are implicated in the progression of RA. Both in vitro and in vivo studies support an anti‐inflammatory role of dietary polyphenols, the bioactive constituents found in fruits and vegetables. Hence we investigated the anti‐proliferative and anti‐inflammatory role of blueberry polyphenols (BBP) using rabbit synoviocytes stimulated with TNFα. BBP significantly decreased cell proliferation (p < 0.05) in a dose dependent manner reaching 34.1% vs Control at a dosage of 200mg/ml. In‐Cell ELISA analysis for cyclooxygenase (COX‐1) and COX‐2 showed a significant decline with increasing doses of BBP. Post TNFα stimulation, cells treated with BBP resulted in decreases in IL‐1β and Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF‐κB) protein expressions. Our results suggest that down‐regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and transcription factor NF‐κB by naturally‐occurring bioactives such as blueberry polyphenols may be an appropriate therapeutic strategy for rheumatoid arthritis.Support or Funding InformationPartially supported from Human Nutrition Research Funds at Texas Woman's University. Lyophilized blueberry powder was generously provided by the US Highbush Blueberry Council.
Screening Acerola (Malpighia emarginata) Genotypes for Protection against LPS‐Induced Inflammation in Macrophage Cells and Selectivity to Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) Activity
Authors: Bhargava Prerna , Nair Vimal , Bang Woo Young , Schreckinger Maria Elisa , Alves Ricardo Elesbao , Cisneros‐Zevallos Luis 
Published: November 2023

Acerola has been extensively studied for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, antigenotoxic and antihyperglycemic properties. The aim of this investigation has been to study the putative anti‐inflammatory mechanism of various genotypes of acerola (fruit and leaves) fractions and project acerola as natural substitute for aspirin and ibuprofen.Conventionally, NSAID has been known to have preventive action against acute and chronic inflammation by inhibiting cyclooxygenases. Previous studies have illustrated that phytochemicals like alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, curcumin and phenolics have COX inhibitory action. However, there is a necessity to seek for a naturally occurring selective inhibitor of COX‐2, that can modulate inflammation and could overcome the limitations of drugs like aspirin. Aspirin is known to form an irreversible and non‐competitive binding to COX which proves to be a potent cardiovascular protective agent. On the other hand, irreversible binding inhibits blood platelet aggregation.For characterization of phytochemicals that are responsible for scavenging and anti‐inflammatory effect of acerola a comparative study using TLC and LC‐MS was employed. Phytochemicals of acerola were extracted using two different solvents ‐ methanol and methanolic/ acetone/ water. Each solvent extracted different category of compounds. One of the two fractions included polyphenols and other one was polyphenols/terpenoids. The two fractions were explored to elucidate mode of action for different acerola genotypes in an in‐vitro system of macrophages. Results indicated with p‐ value < 0.05, which means that the methanolic fractions of acerola exhibited suppression of ROS and partial decrease of nitric oxide levels in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. This fraction also demonstrated inhibition of enzyme expression of COX‐1/2. Moreover, with p‐ value < 0.05, BRS‐238, a ripe fruit genotype of acerola, displayed a selective action against COX‐2. This confirms that acerola's anti‐inflammatory action is through selective inhibition of COX‐2.