bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient Ischemic Attack in Women: Real-World Hospitalization Incidence, Outcomes, and Risk of Hemorrhage and Stroke
Authors: Chen Huanwen , Khunte Mihir , Colasurdo Marco , Majmundar Shyam , Payabvash Seyedmehdi , Chaturvedi Seemant , Malhotra Ajay , Gandhi Dheeraj 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Sex-specific differences in stroke risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcomes are well documented. However, little is known about real-world differences in transient ischemic attack (TIA) hospitalizations and outcomes between men and women.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective cohort study of the 2016 to 2021 Nationwide Readmissions Database in the United States. Adult patients hospitalized for TIA were included. Annual incidences of TIA hospitalizations for men and women were calculated using the US Census Bureau data. Primary end points were 90-day readmission for ischemic stroke or hemorrhage and compared between men and women. Demographics and comorbidities were captured and used to adjust for confounders using propensity score matching and logistic regression models.

RESULTS:

A total of 588 499 patients were identified; 326 794 (55.5%) were women. The estimated annual incidence of TIA hospitalizations was 42.4 (95% CI, 26.0–58.9) per 100 000 women and 36.2 (95% CI, 23.5–48.9) per 100 000 men (relative risk, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.13–1.21];
P
<0.001). Overall, women were older, had higher rates of headache and psychiatric comorbidities, and had lower rates of vascular risk factors compared with men. Women were significantly less likely to be readmitted for ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.79–0.93];
P
<0.001) and more likely to be readmitted for hemorrhage (hazard ratio, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.04–1.20];
P
<0.001), with similar rates of antithrombotic use at the time of readmissions (
P
>0.05). Compared with ischemic stroke, hemorrhage readmissions were significantly associated with lower odds of home discharge (odds ratio, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.76–0.91];
P
<0.001) and higher odds of death (odds ratio, 3.01 [95% CI, 2.35–3.87];
P
<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Women have a higher incidence of TIA hospitalizations than men, which may be due to higher rates of nonischemic causes of transient neurological symptoms as evidenced by differences in baseline characteristics and lower rates of subsequent ischemic stroke. Future studies are needed to better characterize transient neurological symptoms in women to avoid excess hospitalizations and unnecessary treatments that may increase hemorrhage risk.
The Role of Vortex Preconditioning in the Occurrence of Antarctic Weak Polar Vortex Events
Authors: Yang Pengkun , Bao Ming , Xia Yan , Ren Xuejuan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Antarctic weak polar vortex events (WPVs) can induce noticeable impacts on the tropospheric circulation. The vortex preconditioning refers to the anomalous stratospheric state favoring the occurrence of vortex disruption. Motivated by the limited research on the stratospheric preconditioning of Antarctic WPVs, the detailed role of preconditioned stratospheric anomalies in triggering WPVs is investigated, using the latest ERA5.1 reanalysis data. The vortex preconditioning of WPVs originates from the planetary wave breaking in the middle–upper stratosphere. It features a poleward shift of the polar night jet that occurs within 80 days before the onset of WPVs, coinciding with the sharpening of the meridional potential vorticity (PV) gradient along the vortex edge. Our results indicate that the stratospheric modulation during vortex preconditioning is the essential factor for triggering most Antarctic WPVs, regardless of the presence of an anomalously strong wave source in the troposphere. About 84% of WPVs are preceded by robustly positive meridional PV gradient anomalies along the vortex edge. Furthermore, about 36% of WPVs are only preceded by strong stratospheric anomalies but without anomalously strong tropospheric wave pulse. Compared to the Northern Hemisphere, preconditioned stratospheric signals in the Southern Hemisphere have a longer duration and larger proportion linking to WPVs. More Antarctic WPVs are preceded by more frequency wave-1 minor warming–like disturbances in the middle–upper stratosphere than Arctic WPVs. Especially, the stratospheric indicator can at least account for about 41% and 65% magnitudes of 10-day zonal-wind deceleration for the two consensus Antarctic WPVs in 2002 and 2019, respectively.
Protocol for visual-acoustic intervention with service delivery in-person and via telepractice (VISIT) non-inferiority trial for residual speech sound disorder
Authors: McAllister Tara , Preston Jonathan L. , Hitchcock Elaine R. , Benway Nina R. , Hill Jennifer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Residual speech sound disorder (RSSD) is a high-prevalence condition that negatively impacts social and academic participation. Telepractice service delivery has the potential to expand access to technology-enhanced intervention methods that can help remediate RSSD, but it is not known whether remote service delivery is associated with a reduction in the efficacy of these methods. This project will systematically measure the outcomes of visual-acoustic biofeedback intervention when delivered in-person or online.

Methods/design
This project, Visual-acoustic Intervention with Service delivery In-person and via Telepractice (VISIT), aims to treat 76 children in a parallel randomized controlled clinical trial in which children with RSSD will receive visual-acoustic biofeedback treatment either in person or via telepractice. Eligible children will be speakers of American English aged 9–17 years who exhibit RSSD affecting /ɹ/ but otherwise show cognitive-linguistic and hearing abilities within the typical range. All participants will receive twenty sessions of visual-acoustic biofeedback; they will be randomized, with stratification by pre-treatment speech production ability and site, to complete their treatment sessions either in the laboratory setting or at home via telepractice. For the primary outcome measure, blinded listeners will evaluate changes in the perceived accuracy of /ɹ/ production after the end of treatment.

Discussion
By comparing outcomes in children randomized to receive a standard course of biofeedback treatment either via telepractice or in-person, this study will provide evidence-based guidance for clinicians seeking flexible service delivery options for a challenging and prevalent condition.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT06517225, 07/23/2024. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06517225.
Psychological stressors of imprisonment and coping of older incarcerated persons: a qualitative interview study
Authors: McLennan Stuart , Meyer Leila , Wangmo Tenzin , Gaab Jens , Elger Bernice , Seaward Helene 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Imprisonment has a major impact on a person’s psychological well-being. The proportion of older imprisoned persons is dramatically increasing worldwide, and they are likely to have greater physical and mental health needs compared to younger persons in prisons. However, there is currently a lack of research on the psychological stressors and the coping strategies of older imprisoned persons. This study therefore aims to explore the key psychological stressors experienced by older imprisoned persons and their coping strategies.

Methods
Individual semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted between April 2017 and December 2018 with a purposive sample of 79 participants from 2 different groups in Switzerland: older imprisoned persons (n = 50) and mental health professionals (n = 29) with experience working in prisons. Transcripts were analysed using conventional content analysis.

Results
This study has identified various ways in which the prison environment not only undermines older incarcerated persons´ psychological well-being, but also their ability to manage the stress they are experiencing. Two overarching psychological stressors identified were a lack of physical and emotional closeness in social relationships (with prison staff, with other incarcerated persons, and outside of prison), and the loss of autonomy in prison. Participants reported five main ways that older incarcerated persons coped with the psychological stressors in prison: 1) recognising a lack of control over situation, 2) withdrawing and isolating, 3) self-improvement, 4) staying connected to the outside world, and 5) self-expression.

Conclusions
To improve the psychological well-being of older incarcerated persons, there is a need for: specialised training of prison staff regarding hardships that elderly persons can face in prison relationships, encouragement and enablement of social contacts with the outside world, and increasing possibilities for autonomy, new challenges, and thus stimuli within a limited setting.
Micro CT evaluation of marginal discrepancies of endocrown restored molars with different intrapulpal depths and materials of fabrication. (in-vitro study)
Authors: Elagwany Mohamed Aly Mohamed Badr , Hamdy Amina Mohamed , Zohdy Maged Mohamed , Mahrous Aliaa , Tawfik Ahmed , Nabih Soha Osama 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different preparation depths (0, 2 and 4 mm) of different restoration designs (classic endocrown design versus overlay design) on marginal adaptation of restorations fabricated of two different restorative materials (lithium disilicate and PEEK).

Materials and methods
Sixty mandibular natural molars were collected as abutments for the restorations of this study, and grouped in three main groups of different cavity depths (0, 2 and 4). Each group was divided into two subgroups according to material of fabrication to (L) for lithium disilicate (IPS emax CAD, Ivoclar vivadent, Switzarland) and (P) for PEEK (Bio-hpp, Bredent, Germany). CAD/CAM milling technology was used for fabrication of restorations. After cementation of restorations over abutments, hydrothermal aging was performed, and then marginal adaptation was evaluated via micro CT technology.

Results
Regarding cavity depths, there was a significant difference between different groups (p < 0.001). The highest value was found in samples with 4 mm extension (84.35 ± 18.16), followed by samples with 2 mm extension (66.52 ± 21.86), while the lowest value was found in samples without pulpal extension (59.41 ± 22.16). Post hoc pairwise comparisons showed samples with 4 mm extension to have a significantly higher value than samples without extension (p < 0.001). Regarding materials of fabrication, PEEK (85.32 ± 12.37) had a significantly higher value than Emax (54.86 ± 20.86) (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Increasing intrapulpal cavity depths increases vertical marginal gap of lithium disilicate or PEEK restorations. Endocrowns fabricated of lithium disilicate show less marginal discrepancies than that of endocrowns fabricated of PEEK.
Exploring the role of the JEEViKA swasthya mitra helpdesk in improving healthcare access: a qualitative study in tertiary healthcare facilities in Bihar, India
Authors: Kumar Pragya , Ahmad Shamshad , Pradhan Narottam , Chaudhary Neha , H. Haripriya , Kumari Sarita , K. G. Naveen , Yadav Akanksha , Jha Rakesh , Parwez Md. Ashraf , Swati Swati , Purty Apolenarius , Somya Somya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Rural populations in Bihar, India, face significant healthcare access challenges due to geographical, infrastructural, and financial barriers. The Swasthya Mitra program, initiated by the Bihar Rural Livelihood Promotion Society in collaboration with local and international partners, aims to mitigate these challenges by employing trained community members to navigate patients through the healthcare system.

Methods
This qualitative study employed in-depth interview and thematic analysis to evaluate the Swasthya Mitra program in the Bhagalpur and Jamui districts in Bihar, India. The participants included Swasthya Mitras, healthcare professionals, and beneficiaries. This study focused on understanding the role of Swasthya Mitras in facilitating healthcare services.

Findings
The program improved healthcare access for rural populations, with beneficiaries reporting reduced navigational confusion, decreased out-of-pocket expenditures, and enhanced patient care. Swasthya Mitras bridged the gap between the community and healthcare facilities. The program also empowered women, both Swasthya Mitras and beneficiaries, by improving their access to healthcare and increasing their involvement in health-related decision-making.

Interpretation
The Swasthya Mitra program may offer a viable model for improving healthcare access in rural settings, demonstrating the importance of community involvement in healthcare delivery. The findings suggested that such programs can be instrumental in overcoming barriers to healthcare access and reducing financial burdens on vulnerable populations.

Funding
The study was supported by the Bihar Rural Livelihood Promotion Society supported by the World Bank and Project Concern Internation India.
How does digital literacy affect the health status of senior citizens? Micro-level evidence from the CFPS data
Authors: Chen Xiaoyi , Wang Nian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The popularization of the Internet and digital technology has called for higher digital literacy among citizens, especially the elderly. However, most existing studies didn’t measure digital literacy at the micro level, and the impact mechanism has rarely been discussed. The purpose of this study is to clarify whether and how digital literacy affects the health status of senior citizens.

Methods
The data used in this study are collected from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from three periods: 2016, 2018, and 2020. The balanced panel data comprised 7836 samples, with 2612 samples per year. Based on the CFPS data, this study constructs a balanced panel and employs a two-way fixed-effects model for the estimation. The instrumental variable (IV) method is employed for tackling the endogenous problems. Next, the mediation effect model is applied to identify the influencing mechanism.

Results
First, digital literacy can improve the health status of senior citizens. This result remains valid after introducing lagged explanatory variables and addressing the endogeneity issues. Second, social support acts as a partial mediator in the relationship between digital literacy and the health status of senior citizens. Third, the heterogeneity analysis reveals that the effect of digital literacy on the health status of senior citizens varies across age groups, urban–rural types, and education levels.

Conclusions
This study examines the impact of digital literacy on the health status of senior citizens at the micro-level and identifies the mediation mechanism. The results enhance our understanding of the positive effects of digitalization on aging society and offer useful insights for the government in formulating more targeted active aging strategies.
Performance of 1-year-old camel calves fed a basal ration of alfalfa hay supplemented with different levels of concentrate
Authors: Askar Ahmed R. , Darwesh Rawia , Allam Sabbah , Abdul Aziz Galal M. , El Shereef Afaf A. , Eid Ehab Y. , Kandil Hamedi M. , El Ezz Samir S. Abou , Shoukry Mohsen M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The use of a high-concentrate diet in fattening camels may have significant effects on growth performance and digestion as well as economic returns. This experiment was designed to study the effects of feeding different levels of concentrate in their diet on growth performance and digestion in a desert climate.

Methods
Eighteen 12-month-old male camel calves were used, and divided into three treatments of six each. The concentrate was administered based on their body weight (BW) at 0.7 (low), 1.0 (medium), and 1.3% (high), with free access to alfalfa and water. The experiment lasted for 6 months, in which digestibility trials took place at 14, 16, and 18 months of age, which corresponded to 2, 4, and 6 months of the experimental period.

Results
No significant variations were observed in final BW, BW changes, or average daily gain among feeding treatments. Increasing the concentrate level had a negative effect on roughage intake, impacting the roughage-to-concentrate ratio (P < 0.05) and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (P < 0.05). Increasing concentrate levels significantly increased total intake (P < 0.05), leading to a worse feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). However, animal age had no negative effect on nutrient digestibility, and there were no interactions between concentrate supplement level and animal age. Significant increases in plasma total protein (P < 0.05) and urea (P < 0.05) were observed when the leve lof concentrate was increased. A similar trend was observed in rumen ammonia concentration. Camel calves fed low vs. medium or high levels of concentrate showed a greater rumen pH (P < 0.05), which was linked to a lower concentration of volatile fatty acids (P < 0.010).

Conclusions
The present study concluded that yearling camel calves receiving different levels of concentrate with ad lib alfalfa hay could cover their nutrient requirements for maintenance and growth with a daily gain of 630 g/day when the level of concentrate was limited to 0.7% of BW and the total intake was only around 1.65% of BW, or 70.6 g/kg metabolic BW.
Immunomodulatory effect of efferocytosis at the maternal–fetal interface
Authors: Tao Hui , Ma Ruilin , Cui Jianjian , Yang Zejun , He Wencong , Li Yanan , Zhao Yin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Efferocytosis is a mechanism by which phagocytes efficiently clear apoptotic cells, averting their secondary necrosis and the subsequent release of potentially immunogenic or cytotoxic substances that can trigger strong immune and inflammatory responses. During efferocytosis, the metabolic pathways of phagocytes are transformed, which, along with the catabolism of apoptotic cargo, can affect their function and inflammatory state. Extensive apoptosis occurs during placental development, and some studies reported the immunomodulatory effects of efferocytosis at the maternal–fetal interface. The dysregulation of efferocytosis is strongly linked to pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and recurrent spontaneous abortion. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of efferocytosis and its relationships with metabolism and inflammation. We also highlight the roles of professional and non-professional phagocytes in efferocytosis at the maternal–fetal interface and their impact on pregnancy outcomes and explore relevant regulatory factors. These insights are expected to guide future basic research and clinical strategies for identifying efferocytosis-related molecules as potential predictors or therapeutic targets in obstetric diseases.
Characteristics of TSPO expression in marmoset EAE
Authors: Falk Irene , Maric Dragan , Leibovitch Emily , Sati Pascal , Lefeuvre Jennifer , Luciano Nicholas J. , Guy Joseph , Ha Seung-Kwon , Owen David R. , Aigbirhio Franklin , Matthews Paul M. , Reich Daniel S. , Jacobson Steven 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and is a leading non-traumatic cause of disability in young adults. The 18 kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) is a mitochondrial protein and positron emission tomography (PET)-imaging target that is highly expressed in MS brain lesions. It is used as an inflammatory biomarker and has been proposed as a therapeutic target. However, its specific pathological significance in humans is not well understood. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the common marmoset is a well-established primate model of MS. Studying TSPO expression in this model will enhance our understanding of its expression in MS. This study therefore characterizes patterns of TSPO expression in fixed CNS tissues from one non-EAE control marmoset and 8 EAE marmosets using multiplex immunofluorescence. In control CNS tissue, we find that TSPO is expressed in the leptomeninges, ependyma, and over two-thirds of Iba1 + microglia, but not astrocytes or neurons. In Iba1 + cells in both control and acute EAE tissue, we find that TSPO is co-expressed with markers of antigen presentation (CD74), early activation (MRP14), phagocytosis (CD163) and anti-inflammatory phenotype (Arg1); a high level of TSPO expression is not restricted to a particular microglial phenotype. While TSPO is expressed in over 88% of activated Iba1 + cells in acute lesions in marmoset EAE, it also is sometimes observed in subsets of astrocytes and neurons. Additionally, we find the percentage of Iba1 + cells expressing TSPO declines significantly in lesions > 5 months old and may be as low as 13% in chronic lesions. However, we also find increased astrocytic TSPO expression in chronic-appearing lesions with astrogliosis. Finally, we find expression of TSPO in a subset of neurons, most frequently GLS2 + glutamatergic neurons. The shift in TSPO expression from Iba + microglia/macrophages to astrocytes over time is similar to patterns suggested by earlier neuropathology studies in MS. Thus, marmoset EAE appears to be a clinically relevant model for the study of TSPO in immune dysregulation in human disease.

Graphical Abstract
Lipidome disruption in Alzheimer’s disease brain: detection, pathological mechanisms, and therapeutic implications
Authors: He Sijia , Xu Ziying , Han Xianlin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is among the most devastating neurodegenerative disorders with limited treatment options. Emerging evidence points to the involvement of lipid dysregulation in the development of AD. Nevertheless, the precise lipidomic landscape and the mechanistic roles of lipids in disease pathology remain poorly understood. This review aims to highlight the significance of lipidomics and lipid-targeting approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of AD. We summarized the connection between lipid dysregulation in the human brain and AD at both genetic and lipid species levels. We briefly introduced lipidomics technologies and discussed potential challenges and areas of future advancements in the lipidomics field for AD research. To elucidate the central role of lipids in converging multiple pathological aspects of AD, we reviewed the current knowledge on the interplay between lipids and major AD features, including amyloid beta, tau, and neuroinflammation. Finally, we assessed the progresses and obstacles in lipid-based therapeutics and proposed potential strategies for leveraging lipidomics in the treatment of AD.