bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open-source design of integrated circuits
Authors: Fath Patrick , Moser Manuel , Zachl Georg , Pretl Harald 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the design of a self-clocked 12-bit non-binary fully differential SAR-ADC using the SKY130 open-source PDK. The entire mixed-signal circuit design and layout were created with free and open-source software. The ADC reaches a sample rate of up to 1.44 MS/s at 1.8 V supply while consuming 703 $$\upmu$$
μ
W of power on a small 0.175 mm$${}^{2}$$

2

area. A configurable decimation filter can increase the ADC resolution up to 16 bits while using an oversampling factor of 256. A 9‑bit thermometer-coded and 3‑bit binary-coded DAC matrix using a 448 aF waffle-capacitor results in a total capacitance of 1.83 pF per input. Realizations of configurable analog functions using the form factor of SKY130 high-density standard cells allow the parametrization of an analog circuit in a hardware description language and hardening of the macro in an intentionally digital workflow.
The intensity of forest management affects the nest cavity production of woodpeckers and tits in mature boreal forests
Authors: Pakkala Timo , Peltonen Anna , Lindberg Henrik , Hjältén Joakim , Kouki Jari 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCavities made by birds are an important microhabitat for many taxa in forests. Long-term dynamics of cavity patterns and the effect of forest management on cavities are, however, largely unknown. We studied cavity production, measured as nest cavity production rates (CPR = no. of new cavities/km2/year), of woodpeckers and tits in forests with different management intensity in southern Finland, based on a data from 37 years. Forests were divided into managed, seminatural and natural stands. The data covered 56 forest stands with the total area of 1690 ha. Stands were inventoried annually for new cavities. The total numbers of woodpecker and tit cavities were 2238 and 329, respectively. There were large differences in CPRs between forest stands with different management intensity. For woodpeckers, the CPR was highest in natural forests (5.7) and lowest in managed forests (1.5). For the tit species, the respective numbers were 0.9 and 0.3. The CPRs of different cavity-making bird species and cavity tree characteristics (e.g. tree condition and species) were consistent, suggesting that different cavity-makers benefit from similar forest and tree characteristics. The results also suggest that forests managed with currently prevailing methods limit the production of cavities. To promote cavities, the results from this and other studies suggest that managed forests should include more features of natural forests, such as more diverse tree species and within-stand structural variability distribution (tree-level heterogeneity), larger amount of decayed wood, more retention trees and snags and longer rotation periods.
Simulation-based assessment of residue management to mitigate N loss risk in winter wheat production
Authors: Rothardt Steffen , Kage Henning 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the interactions between nitrogen mineralization in soil and site-specific environmental factors is essential for developing tailored nitrogen management approaches in intensive agricultural systems. This study assesses the potential of residue management strategies to mitigate nitrogen leaching losses, focusing specifically on winter wheat following winter oilseed rape as a commonly practiced crop sequence in Germany with a high risk of N losses during the percolation period (August–March). Special attention has been given to the interactions of the proposed measures with extreme weather conditions that may become more frequent due to climate change. A well-established plant-soil process model implemented in the HUME modeling environment was used to evaluate the effects of incorporating, removing, or replacing oilseed rape residues with winter wheat straw at 10 sites over 25 years. Results highlight that precipitation exerts a greater influence on nitrogen leaching than local soil properties across the selected study sites. Winter wheat straw incorporation reduced total net nitrogen mineralization during fall by an average of 12 kg N ha−1 compared to the common practice of keeping the preceding crop residues. Surprisingly, the treatment effects on nitrogen leaching losses fall short of the expectation of a site-specific significant reduction. Most of the initial excess nitrogen remains in the upper layers of the soil profile accessible to wheat roots during the growth period, even in years of exceptional percolation. Nitrogen limitation due to persistent immobilization after winter wheat straw incorporation could not be effectively compensated, resulting in negative yield effects of about 11 ± 5 kg N ha−1. However, this treatment reduced the nitrogen surplus after spring droughts on average by 9.6 ± 4 kg N ha−1. Also, considering a farmer’s perspective, where the potential improvement in nitrogen efficiency must outweigh the additional costs of labor and machinery required to remove or replace residues, the results indicate that retaining the preceding crop residues is currently the most effective approach to mitigate nitrogen losses. Additionally, the study underscores the significance of accounting for site-specific and management-induced mineralization when estimating fertilizer demand to optimize agronomic productivity while minimizing the risk of nutrient losses through leaching.
Unusual Sequence of the Critical Magnetic Fields $$H_{c1}$$, $$H_{c2}$$, and $$H_{c}$$ in Multicomponent Superconductors
Authors: Ovchinnikov Yu.N. , Efremov D.V. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAll superconductors in a magnetic field are characterized by three critical magnetic fields: lower critical $$H_{c1}$$

H

c
1

, upper critical $$H_{c2}$$

H

c
2

and thermodynamic critical field $$H_{c}$$

H
c

. Only two sets of inequalities $$H_{c2}>H_c>H_{c1}$$

H

c
2

>

H
c

>

H

c
1

or $$H_{c1}>H_c>H_{c2}$$

H

c
1

>

H
c

>

H

c
2

are possible in a single-component superconductor. Here, we report our study of the critical fields in multicomponent superconductors with two superconducting components in the framework of the Ginzburg-Landau functional. We derive the relationship between the phases of the components of the superconducting complex order parameter from the charge conservation law in explicit form and insert it into the Ginzburg-Landau functional. Using the modified Ginzburg-Landau equation, we acquire the single vortex state including the analytical expression for asymptotics. Also, we obtain the analytical form for the state in the upper critical field. We find that in some cases an unusual sequence of critical fields $$H_{c1},H_{c2}>H_c$$

H

c
1

,

H

c
2

>

H
c

can be realized in multicomponent superconductors.
Existence results for a class of two-fold saddle point parabolic differential equations
Authors: Acevedo Ramiro , Anacona Wilson , Gómez Christian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe propose and analyze an abstract framework to study the well-posedness for a family of linear degenerate parabolic augmentedmixed equations.We combine the theory for linear degenerate parabolic problems with results about stationary two-fold saddle point equations to deduce sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a solution for the problem. Finally, we show some applications of the developed theory through examples that come from fluid dynamic and electromagnetic problems.
Nocturnal Seafaring: the Reduction of Visibility at Night and its Impact on Ancient Mediterranean Seafaring. A Study Based on 8–4th Centuries BC Evidence
Authors: Mauro Chiara Maria , Durastante Fabio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe practice of nocturnal navigation in the Mediterranean Sea could be inferred from both archaeological and written records. While there is sufficient proof that the ships and their crew were quite familiar with nighttime sailing, current scholarship has not satisfactorily investigated how the reduction of visibility could have affected the nautical practice. For this reason, the aim of this contribution is twofold: (1) to evaluate to what extent visibility was reduced at night, and (2) to understand what kind of strategies (if any) could be put in place to overcome the difficulties of a low level of visibility. Amongst the strategies, we will also assess the impact on visibility of fixed and portable lighting devices, such as torches and pierced amphoras, as documented by the archaeological and literary evidence.
Short-Term Metabolic Changes and Their Physiological Mediators in the Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Zhao Siyu , Hörkkö Sohvi , Savolainen Markku J. , Koivukangas Vesa , Mäkinen Ville-Petteri , Ala-Korpela Mika , Hukkanen Janne 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a common bariatric surgery to treat obesity. Its metabolic consequences are favourable and long-term clinical corollaries beneficial. However, detailed assessments of various affected metabolic pathways and their mediating physiological factors are scarce.

Methods
We performed a clinical study with 30 RYGB patients in preoperative and 6-month postoperative visits. NMR metabolomics was applied to profiling of systemic metabolism via 80 molecular traits, representing core cardiometabolic pathways. Glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, and apolipoprotein B-48 were measured with standard assays. Logistic regression models of the surgery effect were used for each metabolic measure and assessed individually for multiple mediating physiological factors.

Results
Changes in insulin concentrations reflected those of BMI with robust decreases due to the surgery. Six months after the surgery, triglycerides, remnant cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B-100 were decreased −24%, −18%, and −14%, respectively. Lactate and glycoprotein acetyls, a systemic inflammation biomarker, decreased −16% and −9%, respectively. The concentrations of branched-chain (BCAA; leucine, isoleucine, and valine) and aromatic (phenylalanine and tyrosine) amino acids decreased after the surgery between −17% for tyrosine and −23% for leucine. Except for the most prominent metabolic changes observed for the BCAAs, all changes were almost completely mediated by weight change and insulin. Glucose and type 2 diabetes had clearly weaker effects on the metabolic changes.

Conclusions
The comprehensive metabolic analyses indicate that weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity during the 6 months after the RYGB surgery are the key physiological outcomes mediating the short-term advantageous metabolic effects of RYGB.
The clinical study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01330251.

Graphical Abstract
Micro-Mechanical Fracture Investigations on Grain Size Tailored Tungsten-Copper Nanocomposites
Authors: Schmuck K. , Burtscher M. , Alfreider M. , Wurmshuber M. , Kiener D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTungsten-copper composites are used in harsh environments because of their superior material properties. This work addresses a tungsten-copper composite made of 20 wt.% copper, which was subjected to grain refinement by high-pressure torsion, whereby the deformation temperature was varied between room temperature and 400 °C to tailor the grain size. Deformation was performed up to microstructural saturation and verified by hardness measurement and scanning electron microscopy. From the refined nanostructured material, micro-cantilever bending beams with cross-sections spanning from 5 × 5 to 35 × 35 µm2 were cut to examine possible size effects and the grain size influence on the fracture behavior. Fracture experiments were performed in situ inside a scanning electron microscope by applying a quasi-static loading protocol with partial unloading steps. Inspection of the fracture surfaces showed that all cantilevers failed in an inter-crystalline fashion. Nevertheless, remaining coarser tungsten grains impacted the resultant fracture toughness and morphology. Cantilevers fabricated from the 400 °C specimen exhibited a fracture toughness of 220 $$\pm $$
±
50 $$\frac{{\text{J}}}{{{\text{m}}}^{2}}$$

J

m

2

. For the room temperature cantilevers, a fracture toughness of 410 $$\pm $$
±
50 $$\frac{{\text{J}}}{{{\text{m}}}^{2}}$$

J

m

2

was observed, which declined to 340 $$\pm $$
±
30 $$\frac{{\text{J}}}{{{\text{m}}}^{2}}$$

J

m

2

for cantilevers < 10 × 10 µm2, confirming a size effect. The increased fracture toughness is attributed to the delamination-like structures formed in the room temperature sample.
The Underexplored Topic of Females who Perpetrate Child Sexual Abuse Material Offenses: What do we know about this Offending Group?
Authors: Christensen Larissa S. , Woods Jodie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite the emerging field of research on females who engage in contact child sexual abuse offenses, we know little about females who engage in child sexual abuse material (CSAM) offenses. This is concerning given the global proliferation of CSAM and recent research identifying female-perpetrated CSAM offending is more prominent than previously thought. This paper contributes to the underdeveloped field, by offering a beneficial and timely stop gap of current research on women who engage in CSAM offenses. In doing so, the synthesis explores the prevalence of females who engage in CSAM, why some females might perpetrate CSAM offenses (including co-offending, prior victimization, mental health, opportunity, and sexual motivation), the harms of female-perpetrated CSAM offending, and how the media portrays this offending group. To further extend our knowledge in this field, ideas for future research are also provided throughout. This paper should be useful for various disciplines including psychology, criminology, and law, globally, who are interested in better understanding CSAM offenses perpetrated by females.
Association between patients’ word use and symptom reduction in an internet-based cognitive behavioral intervention for prolonged grief symptoms: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Schmidt Viktoria , Treml Julia , Linde Katja , Peterhänsel Carolin , Kersting Anette 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBereaved by suicide face unique challenges and have differences in their language compared to bereaved by other causes of death, however their language during therapy has not been studied yet. This study investigates the association between patients’ language and reduction in prolonged grief symptoms in an internet-based intervention for people bereaved by suicide. Data stems from a randomized controlled trial including 47 people completing self-reported surveys. Patient language was analyzed using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count program. Symptom change was determined through absolute change scores. Stepwise forward regression and repeated measures analyses of variances were calculated. During confrontation, a higher reduction of prolonged grief symptoms was predicted by more words describing perceptual (β = − 0.43, p = .002) and cognitive processes (β = − 0.63, p = .002) and less present focus words (β = 0.66, p = .002). During cognitive restructuring, more words describing drives (β = − 0.40, p = .004), less past focus words (β = 0.59, p = .002) and less informal language (β = 0.40, p = .01) predicted a higher reduction of prolonged grief symptoms. Lastly, during behavioral activation, more past focus words (β = − 0.54, p = .002) predicted a higher grief reduction. Findings underline the importance of exposure and cognitive restructuring during therapy and further suggest the relevance of the previously not studied linguistic perceptual processes. Moreover, this study emphasizes the importance of different tenses throughout the intervention, adding knowledge to previous studies assessing time at a single point in therapy.
PrivAgE: A Toolchain for Privacy-Preserving Distributed Aggregation on Edge-Devices
Authors: Liebenow Johannes , Imort Timothy , Fuchs Yannick , Heisel Marcel , Käding Nadja , Rupp Jan , Mohammadi Esfandiar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractValuable insights, such as frequently visited environments in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, can oftentimes only be gained by analyzing sensitive data spread across edge-devices like smartphones. To facilitate such an analysis, we present a toolchain called PrivAgE for a distributed, privacy-preserving aggregation of local data by taking the limited resources of edge-devices into account. The distributed aggregation is based on secure summation and simultaneously satisfies the notion of differential privacy. In this way, other parties can neither learn the sensitive data of single clients nor a single client’s influence on the final result. We perform an evaluation of the power consumption, the running time and the bandwidth overhead on real as well as simulated devices and demonstrate the flexibility of our toolchain by presenting an extension of the summation of histograms to distributed clustering.
A framework for dynamic modelling of railway track switches considering the switch blades, actuators and control systems
Authors: Dutta Saikat , Harrison Tim , Ward Christopher , Dixon Roger , Winship Phil 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe main contribution of this paper is the development and demonstration of a novel methodology that can be followed to develop a simulation twin of a railway track switch system to test the functionality in a digital environment. This is important because, globally, railway track switches are used to allow trains to change routes; they are a key part of all railway networks. However, because track switches are single points of failure and safety-critical, their inability to operate correctly can cause significant delays and concomitant costs. In order to better understand the dynamic behaviour of switches during operation, this paper has developed a full simulation twin of a complete track switch system. The approach fuses finite element for the rail bending and motion, with physics-based models of the electromechanical actuator system and the control system. Hence, it provides researchers and engineers the opportunity to explore and understand the design space around the dynamic operation of new switches and switch machines before they are built. This is useful for looking at the modification or monitoring of existing switches, and it becomes even more important when new switch concepts are being considered and evaluated. The simulation is capable of running in real time or faster meaning designs can be iterated and checked interactively. The paper describes the modelling approach, demonstrates the methodology by developing the system model for a novel “REPOINT” switch system, and evaluates the system level performance against the dynamic performance requirements for the switch. In the context of that case study, it is found that the proposed new actuation system as designed can meet (and exceed) the system performance requirements, and that the fault tolerance built into the actuation ensures continued operation after a single actuator failure.
Digitale Mediennutzung von Schülerinnen und Schülern im Fremdsprachenunterricht der Primarschule
Authors: Totter Alexandra , Keller-Lee Marlies , Rast Christine 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungLehrmitteln wird eine zentrale Rolle zur Steuerung des Unterrichts und bei Veränderungen im Bildungssystem zugeschrieben. Mittlerweile stehen für verschiedene Fächer multimedial-interaktive digitale Lehrmittel zur Verfügung. Allerdings fehlen bislang empirische Studien, die den Umgang mit diesen im Unterricht und die damit verbundene digitale Mediennutzung untersuchen. In der hier vorgestellten Videostudie wurde die Unterrichtspraxis in zwei fünften Primarschulklassen untersucht, für die ein digitales Französischlehrmittel zur Verfügung stand und die digitale Mediennutzung der Schülerinnen und Schüler konkretisiert. Dazu wurden Videodaten von zwölf Französischlektionen vollständig hinsichtlich Sozialformen und Medieneinsatz codiert. Phasen, in denen ein digitaler Medieneinsatz erfolgte, wurden weiter bezüglich ihrer handlungsorientierten Mediennutzung konkretisiert. Dabei zeigte sich, daβ die Verwendung der analogen Version des Lehrmittels dominierte und die im digitalen Lehrmittel zur Verfügung gestellten Aufträge oft mit Hilfe primär analoger Medien bearbeitet wurden. Potenziale digitaler Medien für den Fremdsprachenunterricht wurden von den Schülerinnen und Schülern im Bereich Multimedialität und zur kreativen Gestaltung von Dokumenten genutzt. Mit Fokus auf die Lehrmittelnutzungsforschung bestätigten die Ergebnisse der Studie die Rolle des Lehrmittels zur Steuerung des Unterrichts, zeigten aber gleichzeitig, daβ die Nutzung digitaler Lehrmittel noch stark von einer Verwendung traditioneller Medien im Unterricht beeinflusst wird. Gleichzeitig konnte durch die Analyse der handlungsorientierten Mediennutzung die Vielschichtigkeit von digitalen Medienhandlungsprozessen deutlich gemacht werden, die von der Handhabung der Hardware und der Programme über die Rezeption und Produktion hin zur Reflexion reicht, aber auch gegenseitige Hilfe und Ablenkung einschließt. Die hier vorgestellten empirischen Erkenntnisse sollen somit einen Beitrag zum aktuellen Diskurs des unterrichtlichen Medienhandelns von Schülerinnen und Schülern leisten.
LCA and LCC Analysis of the Recovering and Reusing Scenario of Metal-Plastic Process Scraps
Authors: La Rosa Angela Daniela , Carvalho Ramon , Dias Marco , Paulo Vitor 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe paper investigates the environmental and economic benefits of the possible scenario of recovering and reusing a process scrap in closed loop, by means of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC) method. As case study a manufacturing process of a large company based in Portugal was utilized. The company demand is to possibly innovate the manufacturing process of one of their products that currently generates non-recyclable scraps when it fails quality control. Before taking decisions, the company wants to assess the environmental and economic benefits of possibly recycling those scraps, as they currently generate waste destined for landfills. The product consisting of a plastic household containing metal inserts was analyzed “from cradle to grave,” from raw material extraction to end of life. According to the ISO standards ISO 14040:2006 and ISO 14044:2018, four phases: Goal and Scope, Life Cycle Inventory (LCI), Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA), and final Interpretation, are reported. SimaPro 9.3 software and Ecoinvent v3 database were used for the assessment. A future scenario where the metal inserts could be easily removed from the plastic household, allowing the complete recycle and reuse of both types of components, was assumed and assessed for a LCA and LCC comparison with the current state. The results highlighted minor benefit from recovering the process scrap but significative benefit when this scenario is extended to the post-consumer end of life. This study will enrich the scientific literature with primary data collected at a company site and will enhance the knowledge needed to develop links between the top-down process that led to the creation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the bottom-up knowledge, data, and methodology in the life-cycle sustainability assessment to help businesses and governments integrating the SDGs into their decision-making processes.