bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple symmetric lipomatosis may be the consequence of defective noradrenergic modulation of proliferation and differentiation of brown fat cells
Authors: Nisoli Enzo , Regianini Laura , Briscini Luca , Bulbarelli Alessandra , Busetto Luca , Coin Alessandra , Enzi Giuliano , Carruba Michele O 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMultiple symmetric lipomatosis (MSL) is an inherited disorder in which enlarging and unencapsulated lipomas symmetrically develop in the subcutaneous tissue of the neck, shoulders, mammary, and truncal regions. In some cases, it is associated with mitochondrial DNA abnormalities. The pathogenesis of MSL is completely unknown, although the fat deposits may be due to a neoplastic‐like proliferation of functionally defective brown adipocytes. It has recently been demonstrated that the β3‐adrenergic receptor is the functionally relevant adrenergic receptor subtype in brown adipocytes and that its stimulation by noradrenaline (NA) modulates the expression of genes, such as uncoupling protein (UCP)‐1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), involved in fat cell proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, Trp64Arg mutation of the β3‐adrenoceptor has been implicated in lower NA activity in adipose tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular and functional characteristics of MSL adipocytes and to analyse the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on the proliferation/differentiation of MSL adipocytes in culture, and the relevance of putative noradrenergic deficit in the development of lipomas in MSL patients. Cultured MSL adipocytes were able to synthesize UCP‐1 (the selective marker of brown adipocytes), but unlike that of normally functioning brown fat cells, the expression of the UCP‐1 gene was not significantly induced by NA. NA is also defective in inducing iNOS gene expression, thus leading to reduced NO production and a consequent reduction in the anti‐proliferative, adipogenic (mitochondrial biogenesis) effects of NA on MSL cells. Furthermore, the transcriptional peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ co‐activator‐1 (PGC‐1), which plays a key role in the sympathetic‐stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis of brown adipocytes, is expressed but not induced by NA in MSL cells, as it is in brown adipocytes. The study did not find any association between β3‐adrenoceptor gene polymorphism and noradrenergic signalling defects in MSL subjects with or without mitochondrial DNA mutations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards defining roles and relationships for tenascin‐C and TGFβ‐1 in the normal and neoplastic urinary bladder
Authors: Booth Catherine , Harnden Patricia , Selby Peter J , Southgate Jennifer 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTenascin‐C (TN‐C) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein expressed along epithelial/stromal boundaries during tissue remodelling events, such as those that occur during morphogenesis, wound healing, and tumour invasion. Using clinical specimens and a range of in vitro models that simulate homeostasis, wound healing, and malignant progression, this study sought to establish the patterns of TN‐C expression in normal and neoplastic bladder and to determine the role of exogenous transforming growth factor β‐1 (TGFβ‐1), interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and interferon gamma (IFNγ) in the induction of TN‐C expression by bladder uro‐epithelial cells. The findings indicate that normal urothelial cells may express TN‐C, with both TGFβ‐1 and IL‐4 able to induce expression. TN‐C was not expressed in neoplastic urothelium, although both TN‐C and TGFβ‐1 may be involved in tissue remodelling during papillary tumour formation and invasion. Furthermore, the urothelium of high‐grade papillary tumours and carcinoma in situ specimens exhibited little TGFβ‐1 immunoreactivity, compared with the urothelium of low‐grade tumours and normal specimens, suggesting an association between TGFβ‐1 expression and urothelial differentiation. A tumour invasion model, in which established bladder cancer cell lines were seeded onto a normal bladder stroma, corroborated the evidence from the clinical specimens and demonstrated that TN‐C was strongly expressed around foci of stromal invasion. Thus, TN‐C immunoreactivity may provide an additional tool in the assessment of early stromal invasion in bladder cancer. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical aberrations of chromosome 1 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia are strongly associated with infection with high‐risk human papillomavirus types
Authors: Bulten Johan , Melchers Willem JG , Kooy‐Smits Maria M , de Wilde Peter CM , Poddighe Pino J , Robben Johanna CM , Macville Merryn VE , Massuger Leon FAG , Bakkers Judith MJE , Hanselaar Antonius GJM 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe aims of this study were to assess the relationships between numerical aberrations of chromosome 1 and the presence of high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV). Five normal samples, 11 CIN1, 13 CIN2, 18 CIN3, and nine carcinomas were studied byin situhybridization (ISH), using a DNA probe for the centromere of chromosome 1 (cen#1) and a DNA probe cocktail for HPV types 16 and 18. A short fragment polymerase chain reaction hybridization line probe assay (SPF‐PCR‐LiPA) technique was used to detect 25 HPV types. The mean number of cen#1 per nucleus (chromosome index, CI) was measured, and the fractional areas of dysplastic epithelium with HPV16/18 infection and with cen#1 aneusomy were estimated. Disomy was found in all normal epithelium and in 36% of CIN1. Tetrasomy was observed in 64% of CIN1, 15% of CIN2, and 17% of CIN3. Hyper‐tetrasomy was observed in 77% of CIN2, 83% of CIN3, and 100% of invasive carcinomas. High‐risk HPVs were present in 20%, 75%, and 94% of disomic, tetrasomic, and hyper‐tetrasomic lesions, respectively. The mean CI value was significantly higher in the lesions infected with high‐risk HPV than in the lesions not infected by high‐risk HPV (p< 0.001), due to the significantly higher prevalence of hyper‐tetrasomy. The ISH study disclosed that HPV16/18 was exclusively found within dysplastically altered epithelium. The area with aneusomy is mostly enclosed within the area infected with HPV. In 83% of the HPV16/18‐positive CIN lesions, the fractional area of HPV‐infected epithelium was equal to, or larger than, the fractional area with aneusomy. In conclusion, aneusomy for chromosome 1 is strongly associated with high‐grade CIN lesions and infection with high‐risk HPV; it is likely that the occurrence of numerical aberrations of chromosome 1 is preceded by infection with high‐risk HPV. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immunocytochemical localization of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in rat female reproductive tract: evidence for a potential hormonal regulation
Authors: Russinova A. , Mourdjeva M. , Valkova C. , Kyurkchiev S. , Kehayov I. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn the present studies atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) was characterized immunocytochemically in the reproductive tract of immature female rats, and changes of ANF levels in response to different hormonal conditions were demonstrated. Administration of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) to immature animals has shown to be a useful method to synchronize growth, differentiation and atresia of ovarian follicles. ANF immunoreactivity was investigated in rat uterus and oviduct during follicular growth and estrogenic dominance (48 h after PMSG treatment) and during follicular atresia and progesterone dominance (96 h after PMSG treatment). Our immunocytochemical results showed that in rat uterus ANF was localized in endometrial mucosal and glandular epithelium and smooth muscle cells of the myometrium. In the oviduct ANF immunoreactivity was observed in mucosal cells and muscle layers. Immunocytochemical staining patterns and Western blot analysis revealed that ANF levels in rat uterus and oviduct are modulated by the hormonal status. ANF immunoreactivity was elevated during estrogenic dominance (48 h after PMSG) in uterus and oviduct. However, during progesterone dominance (96 h after PMSG) elevation of ANF immunoreactivity was observed in the uterus only. These results raise the possibility that ANF expression in rat oviduct is positively controlled by estrogen and negatively by progesterone. ANF staining in uterus during progesterone phase provides evidence that both estrogen and progesterone regulate ANF levels in uterus. The observed staining patterns indicate that ANF may have intracellular functions as well as a role in priming the extracellular environment. Accordingly, the possibility that ANF might be an important regulatory molecule for autocrine / paracrine communication within the female reproductive tract should be considered.
Citalopram for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Pallanti S. , Quercioli L. , Paiva R.S. , Koran L.M. 
Published: October 2002

SummaryWe investigated the comparative efficacy of citalopram vs. citalopram administered with clomipramine, in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Sixteen adult outpatients participated in a 90-day, randomized, open-label trial. Eligible patients were aged 18 to 45 years, had moderate to severe DSM-III-R OCD of ≥ one year's duration, a baseline Yale-Brown scale (Y-BOCS) score of ≥ 25 and no other active axis I diagnosis, and had failed adequate clomipramine and fluoxetine trials.The citalopram-plus-clomipramine group (n = 9) experienced a significantly larger percent decrease in mean Y-BOCS score by day 90 than the citalopram alone group (n = 7). Only one citalopram patient decreased her score by ≥ 35%, and two by ≥ 25%. All nine citalopram-plus-clomipramine patients experienced decreases of 35%. Side effects were mild to moderate in both groups. We also treated with citalopram six OCD patients who had not tolerated fluoxetine alone and clomipramine alone; three achieved Y-BOCS score decreases of ≥ 35% at 90 days.Since citalopram does not significantly affect clomipramine metabolism, the improvement in the combined drug group is unlikely to have resulted from increased plasma clomipramine levels. Double-blind controlled trials are needed of citalopram in OCD, and of combining citalopram with clomipramine in treatment-resistant OCD.
A qualitative study of chronic heart failure patients’ understanding of their symptoms and drug therapy
Authors: Rogers Angie , Addington‐Hall Julia M. , McCoy Anne S.M. , Edmonds Polly M. , Abery Alison J. , Coats Andrew J.S. , Simon J. , Gibbs R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectives:To explore patients’ understanding of their symptoms and the treatment of their heart failure.Design:Qualitative analysis of in‐depth interviews, using a constant comparative approach.Subjects:27 patients identified by Cardiology and Care of the Elderly physicians as having (a) symptomatic heart failure (New York Heart Association functional classes II, III and IV) and (b) a hospital admission for heart failure in the previous 20 months.Results:Patients were aged between 38–94 years (mean 69), 20 were in NYHA functional class III or IV. All had at least one concurrent illness. Analysis of the data identified four key areas: patients had little understanding of the purpose of their medications, were concerned about both the quantity and combination of drugs they were prescribed, had difficulties in differentiating between the side effects of drugs and symptoms of heart failure, and had little knowledge to help them interpret and/or treat changing symptoms.Conclusion:Providing patients with relevant information about their medications may help to reduce anxiety about the drugs they are taking. Acknowledging the symptoms associated with heart failure and the likely side effects of treatments might improve patients’ ability to interpret, treat or relieve symptoms.
Limited Sonography in Collaborative Midwifery Practice
Authors: Menihan Cydney Afriat 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTIn 1996, the American College of Nurse Midwives published guidelines for midwives who wish to incorporate limited third trimester sonography into their practices. First, however, certain didactic and clinical content needs to be disseminated through basic and continuing midwifery education. To assist the busy practitioner, information is offered related to recommended methods of obtaining learning validation and continuing competency in limited sonography.This article discusses various clinical situations in which the assessment and management of a patient's condition might be improved by having ultrasonographic information immediately available. In addition, selected data obtained by limited sonography that may necessitate physician collaboration are described through clinical case presentations.The pitfalls of limited sonography are also discussed by use of case descriptions detailing some of the risks inherent in performing a limited ultrasonogram. The recommendation of performing a complete uterine survey with each limited ultrasonogram is emphasized.Finally, some of the controversies surrounding routine sonography in pregnancy and sonograms for entertainment are addressed.
Midwifery Management of First Trimester Bleeding and Early Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Thorstensen Katrina Alef 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTAs many as 25% of women experience bleeding in the first and early second trimester of pregnancy; about half of these will have a miscarriage or, more rarely, ectopic or molar pregnancy loss. This can be a difficult time for women because of the uncertainty of the outcome, lack of preventative measures, and emotional significance of early pregnancy loss. The qualities that characterize midwifery care, including providing complete information, encouraging self‐determination, and being sensitive to the emotional state, are particularly important at this time. This article reviews the epidemiology; physiologic process; signs and symptoms of first trimester bleeding; miscarriage and other early pregnancy losses; and methods of clinical, biochemical, and sonographic evaluation. A framework to guide midwifery evaluation and management, based on confirmation of an intrauterine pregnancy followed by the determination of viability, is presented. Surgical, medical, and expectant management of nonviable pregnancy, management of viable pregnancy when bleeding persists, and follow‐up care, including screening for psychological sequelae, are discussed. Case studies and specific clinical guidelines for midwifery care, consultation, collaboration, and referral are included. Understanding the emotional significance of first trimester bleeding and loss as a basis for sensitive care throughout the management process is addressed.
DEVELOPING AN EVIDENCE‐BASED PRACTICE PROTOCOL: IMPLICATIONS FOR MIDWIFERY PRACTICE
Authors: Carr Katherine Camacho 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTEvidence‐based practice is defined and its importance to midwifery practice is presented. Guidelines are provided for the development of an evidence‐based practice protocol. These include: identifying the clinical question, obtaining the evidence, evaluating the validity and importance of the evidence, synthesizing the evidence and applying it to the development of a protocol or clinical algorithm, and, finally, developing an evaluation plan or measurement strategy to see if the new protocol is effective.
Midwifery Co‐Management of Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Authors: Slager Joan , Lavery J. Patrick 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTHyperemesis gravidarum is an infrequent, yet significant, maternal complication of pregnancy. Beginning with the frequently experienced nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, symptoms can progress to hyperemesis, a debilitating condition affecting maternal and fetal well‐being. A basic understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease process and an awareness of the therapeutic interventions that are available will facilitate midwifery planning for either the collaborative care or the potential referral to medical management, both of which may be required with this clinical entity. The diagnosis and initial management of hyperemesis is within the purview of midwifery care. As certain critical features of duration and severity evolve, medical collaboration and ultimate hospitalization may be required. For those few individuals requiring the most intense level of care, the critical support and encouragement afforded by midwifery participation will contribute to timely resolution of this debilitating condition. This article discusses the continuum from differential diagnosis to ultimate care of the woman who has excessive nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Collaboration among health care providers will allow all to exercise their respective skills in achieving the optimum in safe therapy and support for their patients.
MEDICALLY COMPLEX PREGNANCY: A CASE REPORT ILLUSTRATING CNM/MD COLLABORATIVE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Gray Molly , D'Amato Lisa 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTIn contemporary society, many women with complex medical conditions are attempting fertility and becoming pregnant. The patient presents with an impressive medical complication, yet many of her key educational and psychosocial needs are typical of those for any pregnant woman. Striving for “normalcy,” she may actively seek midwifery care to help her create a family‐centered birth experience. Indeed, the midwife practicing with physician colleagues may have the opportunity to collaboratively manage increasingly complex cases. This article describes the case of collaborative management during pregnancy and delivery of a patient with the cardiac syndrome Wolff‐Parkinson White syndrome (WPW). First diagnosed with WPW at the age of 13, the patient's condition was initially controlled with oral medication. Eventually, the patient's symptomology worsened and required repeated treatment by cardiac ablation of the accessory pathway. Illustrative of the possibilities for enhanced care of the medically complex pregnant patient via collaborative management, the discussion details not only the pertinent physiologic events but the benefits and process of care. A review of the cardiophysiology of WPW is also presented
ACNM ESSENTIAL DOCUMENTS: A MIDWIFE'S SUIT OF ARMOR
Authors: King Tekoa , Summers Lisa , Williams Deanne 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTAs the oldest professional midwifery organization in the United States, The American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM) represents the profession of midwifery in the United States and sets standards for education, certification, and practice. The ACNM has generated and revised several critical documents that provide guidance for the scope of midwifery practice, individually and collectively. This article reviews essential ACNM documents and their role in supporting professional midwifery.
An intelligent biological information management system
Authors: Palakal Mathew , Mukhopadhyay Snehasis , Mostafa Javed , Raje Rajeev , N'Cho Mathias , Mishra Santosh 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
Motivation: As biomedical researchers are amassing a plethora of information in a variety of forms resulting from the advancements in biomedical research, there is a critical need for innovative information management and knowledge discovery tools to sift through these vast volumes of heterogeneous data and analysis tools. In this paper we present a general model for an information management system that is adaptable and scalable, followed by a detailed design and implementation of one component of the model. The prototype, called BioSifter, was applied to problems in the bioinformatics area.
Results: BioSifter was tested using 500 documents obtained from PubMed database on two biological problems related to genetic polymorphism and extracorporal shockwave lithotripsy. The results indicate that BioSifter is a powerful tool for biological researchers to automatically retrieve relevant text documents from biological literature based on their interest profile. The results also indicate that the first stage of information management process, i.e. data to information transformation, significantly reduces the size of the information space. The filtered data obtained through BioSifter is relevant as well as much smaller in dimension compared to all the retrieved data. This would in turn significantly reduce the complexity associated with the next level transformation, i.e. information to knowledge.
Contact: mpalakal@cs.iupui.edu
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Condition specific transcription factor binding site
characterization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Harrison Rhonda , DeLisi Charles 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
Motivation: We demonstrate a computational process by which transcription factor binding sites can be elucidated using genome-wide expression and binding profiles. The profiles direct us to the intergenic locations likely to contain the promoter regions for a given factor. These sequences are multiply and locally aligned to give an anchor motif from which further characterization can take place.
Results: We present bases for and assumptions about the variability within these motifs which give rise to potentially more accurate motifs, capture complex binding sites built upon the basis motif, and eliminate the constraints of the currently employed promoter searching protocols. We also present a measure of motif quality based on the occurrence of the putative motifs in regions observed to contain the binding sites. The assumptions, motif generation, quality assessment and comparison allow the user as much control as their a priori knowledge allows.
Availability: IGRDB and the datasets mentioned herein are available at http://chipdb.wi.mit.edu/
Contact: rhonda@bu.edu
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Bayesian automatic relevance determination algorithms for classifying gene
expression data
Authors: Li Yi , Campbell Colin , Tipping Michael 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
Motivation: We investigate two new Bayesian classification algorithms incorporating feature selection. These algorithms are applied to the classification of gene expression data derived from cDNA microarrays.
Results: We demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithms on three gene expression datasets for cancer, showing they compare well with alternative kernel-based techniques. By automatically incorporating feature selection, accurate classifiers can be constructed utilizing very few features and with minimal hand-tuning. We argue that the feature selection is meaningful and some of the highlighted genes appear to be medically important.
Contact: C.Campbell@bris.ac.uk
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Present address: Information and Mathematical Sciences, Genome Institute of Singapore, 1 Science Park Road, The Capricorn #05-01, Singapore 117528, Republic of Singapore