bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copper Single Atoms Chelated on Ligand‐Modified Carbon for Ullmann‐Type C−O Coupling
Authors: Ruta Vincenzo , Di Liberto Giovanni , Moriggi Francesco , Ivanov Yurii P. , Divitini Giorgio , Bussetti Gianlorenzo , Barbera Vincenzina , Bajada Mark A. , Galimberti Maurizio , Pacchioni Gianfranco , Vilé Gianvito 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Gianvito Vilé at the Politecnico di Milano. The ChemSusChem cover image depicts in an artistic manner the concept of ligand entrapping of isolated metals to design single‐atom catalysts. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202301529.
Synchronous hepatocellular carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma: A cytological marvel
Authors: Selvaraj Sivaranjani , Dharmalingam Priya , Alashetty Soumya , Amirtham Usha 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMultiple primary synchronous tumours have always created an inquisitiveness among clinicians, radiologists and pathologists. The diagnosis invariably proposes a challenge to diagnosticians. The coexistence of a primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is exceedingly rare, with countable number of cases being reported in literature. We report a pioneer case of 75‐year‐old male, having chronic hepatitis B, diagnosed with synchronous primary RCC and HCC in by fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and confirmed by immunohistochemistry.
Metabolically healthy obesity, transition from metabolic healthy to unhealthy status, and carotid atherosclerosis
Authors: Huang Qin , Liu Zeyu , Wei Minping , Feng Jie , Huang Qing , Liu Yunhai , Liu Zunjing , Li XiaoJun , Yin Li , Xia Jian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundEvidence of the effects of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) on atherosclerosis is limited; the transition effects of metabolic health and obesity phenotypes have been ignored. We examined the association between metabolic health and the transition to atherosclerosis risk across body mass index (BMI) categories in a community population.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was based on a national representative survey that included 50,885 community participants aged ≥40 years. It was conducted from 01 December 2017 to 31 December 2020, in 13 urban and 13 rural regions across Hunan China. Metabolic health was defined as meeting less than three abnormalities in blood pressure, glucose, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, or waist circumference. The participants were cross‐classified at baseline based on their metabolic health and obesity. In addition, the relationship between atherosclerosis and transitions in metabolic health status based on 4733 participants from baseline to the second survey after 2 years was considered. The relationship between metabolic health status and the risk of transition to Carotid atherosclerosis (CA) was assessed using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses.ResultsIn this study, the mean age of the participants was 60.7 years (standard deviation [SD], 10.91), 53.0% were female, and 51.2% had CA. As compared with metabolically healthy normal weight (MHN), those with MHO phenotype (odd ratio [OR] 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.21), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.19–1.35), metabolically unhealthy overweight (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.33–1.48), and metabolically unhealthy obese (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.44–1.64) had higher risk for CA. However, during the follow‐up of 2 years, almost 33% of the participants transitioned to a metabolically unhealthy status. As compared with stable healthy normal weight, transition from metabolically healthy to unhealthy status (hazard ratios [HR] 1.21, 95% [CI] 1.02–1.43) and stable metabolically unhealthy overweight or obesity (MUOO) (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.17–1.48) were associated with higher risk of CA.ConclusionsIn the community population, obesity remains a risk factor for CA despite metabolic health. However, the risks were highest for metabolically unhealthy status across all BMI categories. A large proportion of metabolically healthy overweight or participants with obesity converts to an unhealthy phenotype over time, which is associated with an increased risk of CA.
Envisioning an improved research strategy for detecting moderators/mediators in intervention studies: A commentary on McClure et al.
Authors: Kraemer Helena Chmura 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe goal of moderator/mediator research in treatment evaluation is to provide guidance to clinicians to choose the best treatment for each patient with a disorder (moderators), and to advise on its optimal protocol or implementation (mediators): personalized/precision medicine. McClure et al. report a systematic review of studies addressing moderators/mediators of the treatment effect of digital interventions for eating disorders, finding no robust moderators or mediators. They attribute this failure to methodological problems, an assessment with which I concur. The focus of this discussion is to clarify which methodological approaches are not likely to be successful, and to envision a research strategy encompassing both hypothesis‐generating (exploratory) and hypothesis‐testing approaches likely to produce better results not only for eating disorders, but also for all medical treatments.
Individual recognition of Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber) by their tail patterns using a computer‐assisted pattern‐identification algorithm
Authors: Dytkowicz Margarete , Tania Marcello , Hinds Rachel , Megill William M. , Buttschardt Tillmann K. , Rosell Frank 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIndividual recognition of animals is an important aspect of ecological sciences. Photograph‐based individual recognition options are of particular importance since these represent a non‐invasive method to distinguish and identify individual animals. Recent developments and improvements in computer‐based approaches make possible a faster semi‐automated evaluation of large image databases than was previously possible. We tested the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm, which extracts distinctive invariant features of images robust to illumination, rotation or scaling of images. We applied this algorithm to a dataset of 800 tail pattern images from 100 individual Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber) collected as part of the Norwegian Beaver Project (NBP). Images were taken using a single‐lens reflex camera and the pattern of scales on the tail, similar to a human fingerprint, was extracted using freely accessible image processing programs. The focus for individual recognition was not on the shape or the scarring of the tail, but purely on the individual scale pattern on the upper (dorsal) surface of the tail. The images were taken from two different heights above ground, and the largest possible area of the tail was extracted. The available data set was split in a ratio of 80% for training and 20% for testing. Overall, our study achieved an accuracy of 95.7%. We show that it is possible to distinguish individual beavers from their tail scale pattern images using the SIFT algorithm.
stelfi: An R package for fitting Hawkes and log‐Gaussian Cox point process models
Authors: Jones‐Todd Charlotte M. , van Helsdingen Alec B. M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractModelling spatial and temporal patterns in ecology is imperative to understand the complex processes inherent in ecological phenomena. Log‐Gaussian Cox processes are a popular choice among ecologists to describe the spatiotemporal distribution of point‐referenced data. In addition, point pattern models where events instigate others nearby (i.e., self‐exciting behaviour) are becoming increasingly popular to infer the contagious nature of events (e.g., animal sightings). While there are existing R packages that facilitate fitting spatiotemporal point processes and, separately, self‐exciting models, none incorporate both. We present an R package, stelfi, that fits spatiotemporal self‐exciting and log‐Gaussian Cox process models using Template Model Builder through a range of custom‐written C++ templates. We illustrate the use of stelfi's functions fitting models to Sasquatch (bigfoot) sightings data within the USA. The structure of these data is typical of many seen in ecology studies. We show, from a temporal Hawkes process to a spatiotemporal self‐exciting model, how the models offered by the package enable additional insights into the temporal and spatial progression of point pattern data. We present extensions to these well‐known models that include spatiotemporal self‐excitation and joint likelihood models, which are better suited to capture the complex mechanisms inherent in many ecological data. The package stelfi offers user‐friendly functionality, is open source, and is available from CRAN. It offers the implementation of complex spatiotemporal point process models in R for applications even beyond the field of ecology.
Light–dark cycles may influence in situ soil bacterial networks and diurnally‐sensitive taxa
Authors: Fickling Nicole W. , Abbott Catherine A. , Brame Joel E. , Cando‐Dumancela Christian , Liddicoat Craig , Robinson Jake M. , Breed Martin F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSoil bacterial taxa have important functional roles in ecosystems (e.g. nutrient cycling, soil formation, plant health). Many factors influence their assembly and regulation, with land cover types (e.g. open woodlands, grasslands), land use types (e.g. nature reserves, urban green space) and plant–soil feedbacks being well‐studied factors. However, changes in soil bacterial communities in situ over light–dark cycles have received little attention, despite many plants and some bacteria having endogenous circadian rhythms that could influence soil bacterial communities. We sampled surface soils in situ across 24‐h light–dark cycles (at 00:00, 06:00, 12:00, 18:00) at two land cover types (remnant vegetation vs. cleared, grassy areas) and applied 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to investigate changes in bacterial communities. We show that land cover type strongly affected soil bacterial diversity, with soils under native vegetation expressing 15.4%–16.4% lower alpha diversity but 4.9%–10.6% greater heterogeneity than soils under cleared vegetation. In addition, we report time‐dependent and site‐specific changes in bacterial network complexity and between 598–922 ASVs showing significant changes in relative abundance across times. Native site node degree (bacterial interactions) at the phylum level was 16.0% higher in the early morning than in the afternoon/evening. Our results demonstrate for the first time that light–dark cycles have subtle yet important effects on soil bacterial communities in situ and that land cover influences these dynamics. We provide a new view of soil microbial ecology and suggest that future studies should consider the time of day when sampling soil bacteria.
The invasive legume Lupinus polyphyllus has minor site‐specific impacts on the composition of soil bacterial communities
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Abdollah , Ramula Satu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPlant invasions can have major impacts on ecosystems, both above‐ and belowground. In particular, invasions by legumes, which often host nitrogen‐fixing symbionts (rhizobia), are known to modify soil bacterial communities. Here, we examined the effect of the invasive herbaceous legume Lupinus polyphyllus on the alpha diversity and community composition of soil bacteria. We also explored the relationships between these bacterial communities and vegetation cover, the cover of other (non‐invasive) legumes, or the number of vascular plants present. For this, we sampled rhizosphere soil and surveyed vegetation from ten paired sites (uninvaded versus invaded more than 10 years ago) in southwestern Finland, and identified bacterial DNA using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The presence of the plant invader and the three vegetation variables considered had no effect on the alpha diversity of soil bacteria in terms of bacterial richness or Shannon and Inverse Simpson diversity indices. However, the composition of soil bacterial communities differed between invaded and uninvaded soils at four out of the ten sites. Interestingly, the relative abundances of the top bacterial families in invaded and uninvaded soils were inconsistent across sites, including for legume‐associated rhizobia in the family Bradyrhizobiaceae. Other factors—such as vegetation cover, legume cover (excluding L. polyphyllus), number of plant species—also explained a small proportion of the variation in bacterial community composition. Our findings indicate that L. polyphyllus has the potential to modify the composition of local soil bacterial community, at least in sites where it has been present for more than a decade.
Probabilistic genetic identification of wild boar hybridization to support control of invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa)
Authors: Smyser Timothy J. , Pfaffelhuber Peter , Giglio Rachael M. , DeSaix Matthew G. , Davis Amy J. , Bowden Courtney F. , Tabak Michael A. , Manunza Arianna , Bâlteanu Valentin Adrian , Amills Marcel , Iacolina Laura , Walker Pamela , Lessard Carl , Piaggio Antoinette J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe rapid expansion of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) throughout the United States has been fueled by unlawful introductions, with invasive populations causing extensive crop losses, damaging native ecosystems, and serving as a reservoir for disease. Multiple states have passed laws prohibiting the possession or transport of wild pigs. However, genetic and phenotypic similarities between domestic pigs and invasive wild pigs—which overwhelmingly represent domestic pig and wild boar hybrids—pose a challenge for the enforcement of such regulations. We sought to exploit wild boar ancestry as a common attribute among the vast majority of invasive wild pigs as a means of genetically differentiating wild pigs from breeds of domestic pig found within the United States. We organized reference high‐density single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes (1039 samples from 33 domestic breeds and 382 samples from 16 wild boar populations) into five genetically cohesive reference groups: mixed‐commercial breeds, Durocs, heritage breeds, primitive breeds, and wild boar. Building upon well‐established genetic clustering approaches, we structured the test statistic to describe the difference in the likelihood of a given genotype's ancestry vectors (sensu genetic clustering analysis) if derived strictly from the four described domestic pig reference groups versus allowing for admixture from the wild boar group. By fitting statistical distributions to test statistics of reference domestic pigs, we characterized the distribution of the null hypothesis that a given genotype descends strictly from domestic pig reference groups. We tested the approach with simulated genotypes and empirical data from an additional 29 breeds of domestic pig represented by 435 unique genotypes; all associated test statistics for simulated and empirical domestic pig challenge sets fell within the distribution of reference domestic pigs. We then evaluated 6566 invasive wild pigs sampled across the contiguous United States, of which 63% exceeded the maximum threshold for domestic pigs and could be statistically classified as possessing wild boar ancestry. This approach provides a scientific foundation to enforce regulations prohibiting the possession of this destructive invasive species. Further, this computationally efficient and generalizable approach could be readily adapted to quantify gene flow among ecological systems of conservation or management concern.
Institutional acknowledgement of the chosen trauma in the background of its denial: A field experiment across conflicting groups
Authors: Andrighetto Luca , Halabi Samer , Kosic Ankica , Petrović Nebojša , Prelić Nedim , Pecini Chiara , Nadler Arie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractReconciliation research revealed that the institutional acknowledgement of the group's sufferings does not always improve fractured intergroup relations. To get a better understanding of this issue, through a field experiment we explored whether its effectiveness could be dependent on the collective background against which it is provided. That is, we involved citizens (N = 975) from societies entrapped in recent or ongoing conflicts (i.e., Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Palestinian, Israel) and examined the effects of the institutional acknowledgement of a chosen trauma when its denial by the majority (vs. minority) of outgroup members was made salient. Results revealed that the salience of the acknowledgement was effective in increasing the trust towards outgroup representatives. Instead, such an acknowledgement was ineffective in improving people's willingness to reconcile and hope for change, which was mainly dependent on the levels of denial by outgroup members. However, for these latter variables, relevant differences emerged depending on the conflictual versus post‐conflictual context. Implications of our findings for intergroup reconciliation are discussed.
Analytical solutions for viscoelectric effects in electrokinetic nanochannels
Authors: Ma Kunlin , Ramachandran Ashwin , Santiago Juan G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnderstanding electrokinetic transport in nanochannels and nanopores is essential for emerging biological and electrochemical applications. The viscoelectric effect is an important mechanism implicated in the increase of local viscosity due to the polarization of a solvent under a strong electric field. However, most analyses of the viscoelectric effect have been limited to numerical analyses. In this work, we present a set of analytical solutions applicable to the physical description of viscoelectric effects in nanochannel electrokinetic systems. To achieve such closed‐form solutions, we employ the Debye–Hückel approximation of small diffuse charge layer potentials compared to the thermal potential. We analyze critical parameters, including electroosmotic flow profiles, electroosmotic mobility, flow rate, and channel conductance. We compare and benchmark our analytical solutions with published predictions from numerical models. Importantly, we leverage these analytical solutions to identify essential thermophysical and nondimensional parameters that govern the behavior of these systems. We identify scaling parameters and relations among surface charge density, ionic strength, and nanochannel height.
Cytogenotoxicity effects in addicts with multidrug consumption
Authors: González‐Santiago Ana Elizabeth , Gómez‐Cabrera Alejandro Salvador , Baptista‐Rosas Raúl Cuauhtémoc , Zúñiga‐González Guillermo Moisés , Gómez‐Meda Belinda Claudia , Navarro Ana Alondra Sobrevilla , Sánchez‐Parada María Guadalupe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDrug abuse is considered a global health problem with serious social impact. In recent decades, changes in drug consumption patterns have shown a clear rising trend in the use of multiple drugs. Although the buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay has evaluated cytotoxicity in drug abuse, there has not been an approach that takes into account this pattern of multiple drug use. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate for the first time the cytogenotoxic effects in multidrug users, and its correlation with the amount consumed and years of abuse. This study was conducted on 166 individuals by the BMCyt assay. A total of 83 individuals with a history of multiple licit (alcohol and tobacco) and at least one illicit drug abuse (marijuana, methamphetamines, cocaine, and/or inhalants), and 83 healthy individuals, non‐drug abusers were analyzed. The results showed that drug abusers had higher frequencies of nuclear abnormalities nuclear buds, binucleated cells, pyknotic nuclei (PNs), karyorrhexis (KX), and abnormally condensed chromatin when compared with healthy controls. Moreover, results suggests that the use of licit and illicit drugs is related to cytogenotoxic damage, as was shown by an upward trend in the frequency of nuclear abnormalities identified in groups 1 (alcohol + tobacco + at least one illicit drug) and 2 (tobacco + at least one illicit drug). Furthermore, a positive correlation was found in the different groups, between the years and the amount of consumption of some drugs (alcohol, methamphetamine, and tobacco) with cytotoxicity markers such as KL, KX, and PNs.
Integrated Concentrating Solar/Photovoltaic Hybrid Concepts—Technological Discussion, Energy Yield, and Cost Considerations
Authors: Ruhwedel Moritz , Gehrke Kai , Lüpfert Eckhard , Sutter Florian , Heller Peter , Pitz‐Paal Robert 
Published: February 2024

Concentrating solar thermal (CST) technologies are a sustainable way to produce high‐temperature heat. Four concepts of integrating photovoltaics (PV) into CST plants, namely Rear‐PV, PV‐Mirror, bifacial PV‐Mirror and Spillage‐concentrating PV (CPV), are compared and the technological and economic outcome is discussed. The concepts are presented for the use with solar tower systems, but can also be applied to other configurations. In this work, parameters for each concept to quantify annual energy production and investment costs are derived. It is determined that implementing Rear‐PV, PV‐Mirror, bifacial PV‐Mirror, and Spillage‐CPV in a concentrating solar power tower plant leads to an additional energy yield as high as 23%, 29%, 40%, and 36%, respectively, on the same mirror aperture size. For the concepts of the Rear‐PV, PV‐Mirror, and bifacial PV‐Mirror, maximum allowable cost per aperture area can be 3.0, 4.8, and 5.7 times the cost of conventional mirrors, to reach a break‐even of the specific investment cost per annually produced energy. Such values are considered to be achievable for PV‐Mirror and bifacial PV‐Mirror, but not for Rear‐PV. For Spillage‐CPV, a break‐even of investment cost can be achieved if installed in areas with spillage radiation flux exceeding ≈350 kWm−2at peak.
Movement of sediments across a gently sloping muddy coast: Wave‐ and current‐supported gravity flows
Authors: Yu Qian , Peng Yun , Du Zhiyun , Wang Li , Wang Yunwei , Gao Shu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWave‐ and current‐supported gravity flows (WCSGFs) represent a primary mechanism responsible for the transport of sediment along gentle coastal and continental slopes. However, due to limited in situ measurements, the dynamic processes involved in the downslope movement of WCSGFs along such slopes remain poorly understood. Here, tripods were strategically deployed on a muddy coastal slope in central Jiangsu, China. We found that WCSGFs occurred following a wave event, particularly during tidal slack periods. In instances where WCSGF events coincide with low slack water, the observed time lags between break and toe sites align with expectations based on gravity‐driven velocities and distances, thereby corroborating the gravitationally induced sediment transport across the gently sloping coast. Comparatively, WCSGF events during high slack water were suggested to originate from the upper tidal flat of the cross‐shore profile and were unable to reach the toe site. Waves are crucial in supporting the downslope transport of WCSGFs. In addition to sustaining the cross‐shore movement of WCSGFs, currents suspend sediments from the high‐concentration layer, dispersing them into the overlying water column. This suspension helps extinguishing WCSGFs. The local slope at the toe site lacks the necessary gravitational force to propel high‐concentration layers further offshore, as evidenced by the abnormally low drag coefficient (CD) derived from the theoretical WCSGF model. Despite their short‐lived nature and limited travel distance, the WCSGFs examined in this study make a significant contribution to cross‐shore sediment transport. This study contributes to a better understanding of WCSGF dynamics and their importance in coastal sediment transport.