bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifactorial Memory Training in Normal Aging
Authors: Neely Anna Stigsdotter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From everyday functioning (“Where did I put those car keys?”) to the fundamentals of existence (“Who am I?), our ability to remember a previous episode is perhaps one of the most important cognitive assets we have. Throughout human history, possession of a proficient memory has been treasured. The ancient Greeks were devoted to memory improvement, an interest that led to the development of the first memory techniques (Yates, 1966). In addition to the practical advantages of having good memory skills, the fact is that rapid and accurate retrieval of information almost always impresses, whether it is the slick car salesperson who remembers you from an earlier visit or your grandmother who can rattle off the name of nearly every plant and tree in the forest. Good memory can be an important social tool. Thus, it is no wonder that concerns about memory decrements are raised as we get older and begin to experience changes in memory functioning. This concern, in turn, often triggers an interest in what can be done to improve remembering.
The Role of Physical Exercise as a Rehabilitative Aid for Cognitive Loss in Healthy and Chronically III Older Adults
Authors: Emery Charles F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Older adults are frequently encouraged to participate in physical exercise due to the cumulative evidence indicating physiological benefits of exercise such as enhanced cardiovascular function, physical stamina, and muscle strength (Aniansson, Grirnby, Rundgren, Svanborg, & Orlander, 1980; Pyka, Lindenberger, Charette, & Marcus, 1994), weight loss (Evans & Cyr-Campbell, 1997), prevention of osteoporosis (Bachmann & Grill, 1987), and enhanced glucose metabolism (Raz, Hauser, & Bursztyn, 1994). In addition, data suggest that exercise among older adults may be associated with improved quality of life (Singh, Clements, & Fiatarone, 1997), reduced psychological distress (McMurdo & Rennie, 1994), and improved neuropsychological or cognitive performance (Dustman et al., 1984). The potential for exercise-related improvements in cognitive functioning is of particular interest due to the increased prevalence of cognitive deficits among older adults and the widespread inclusion of exercise programs for older adults in a variety of settings (e.g., senior centers, assisted-care living facilities, hospital inpatient units, rehabilitation settings). The purpose of this chapter is (a) to describe briefly the age-related physical and cognitive changes that have been a focus of research in this area, (b) to discuss the physical and cognitive changes associated with exercise among older adults, and (c) to describe the relevance of these research findings for cognitive rehabilitation among older adults.
Smoking and Cognitive Function
Authors: Hill Robert D , Seelert Karen Rothballer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a pervasive high-risk behavior that has been linked to the early emergence and rapid progression of chronic disease in middle and late life. The mechanisms through which smoking impairs healthy functioning and predisposes older adults to chronic illness has been well documented (Fielding, 1985; La Croix et al., 1991). The vast majority of this research points to the deleterious effects of chronic smoking on both physiological capacity and efficiency as it relates to specific organ systems (Jenkins, Rosenman, & Zyzanski, 1968; Lange et al., 1989; Shin ton & Beevers, 1989). What is less well understood about cigarette smoking is its potential to interact with cognitive processes in both normal and diseased aging.
Pirone’s Tree Maintenance
Authors: Hartman John R , Pirone Thomas P , Sall Mary Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Seventh Edition, now named in honour of Dr. P. P. Pirone, who authored the first five editions and co-authored the sixth, has been revised to reflect the enormous amount of new information available since the last edition, including the latest techniques in selecting, planting, and protecting trees. The authors explain how to evaluate the site (the soil, drainage, and exposure), how to select the right tree for that location, and how to prune, fertilize, and spray for pests. There is an extensive section on the diagnosis and control of tree pests and diseases, and on problems such as construction damage, gas injury, sunscald, leaf scorch, and air pollution. While the general structure of the sixth edition has been retained, there are several topics--notably hazardous trees and coping with tree pests and diseases--that have received greater attention than in previous versions of the book. The second half of the book comprises a systematic listing of the major landscape trees found in North America, describing the specific pests and diseases that attack each species. Well organized, clearly written, and beautifully illustrated with many new photographs, Pirone's Tree Maintenance is an encyclopedic resource, the first place to turn for information on dogwoods and elms, magnolias and redwoods, or any other tree growing in North America. Anyone serious about gardening will want this book on their shelf.
The Tense Systems of Egyptian Arabic, Moroccan Arabic, and Standard Arabic
Authors: Benmamoun Elabbas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the morphology of verbs in matrix clauses in Egyptian Arabic, Moroccan Arabic, and Standard Arabic. I will describe in sufficient detail the morphology of the past, present, and future tenses and the imperatives in the three dialects. The aim is to identify the different elements that can occupy the tense projection and their morpho-syntactic properties. In the course of the description, I discuss some of the prevailing assumptions about the morphology of tense and aspect in Arabic, particularly the auto segmental account, and suggest alternative analyses where necessary. The detailed description of tense in the three dialects will set the scene for the next two chapters, 3 and 4, which explore the formal features and the syntactic distribution of the various elements in the tense projection (TP).
Checking the Categorial Features of Tense
Authors: Benmamoun Elabbas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The idea that in verbless sentences tense is [+D] only is essentially an update within the feature system of Chomsky (1995) of previous analyses of verbless sentences as constructions that contain an lnfl (Inflection) node that is specified for Agr (agreement) only (Doron 1986) or an AUX node that is specified for tense with no VP complement (Jelinek 1983). However, all the previous analyses implicitly or explicitly assume a fundamental difference between verbless present tense sentences and present tense sentences that contain verbal predicates. The assumption is that the feature composition of each of the two Infl (or TP) projections is different. One interacts with the verb—that is, triggers verb movement—and the other does not. Since verb movement within minimalism is motivated by feature checking, this would imply that the present tense in sentences with verbal predicates is [+V], in addition to being [+D]. In this chapter, I discuss the syntax of tense in light of the conclusions of the previous chapter. Focusing particularly on the contrast between the present tense and past tense, I show that the idea that characterizing the present tense as [+D] only in both sentences with and without verbal predicates will turn out to be crucial to deriving the following generalizations, which, as far as I know, have not been dealt with before, particularly generalizations (2), (3), and (4).
Reorganization of Function After Cortical Lesions in Rodents
Authors: Kolb Bryan , Whishaw Ian Q 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the major accomplishments of neuropsychology in the twentieth century has been to establish that functions are relatively localized in the cerebral cortex. There can be little doubt anymore that damage to the primary motor cortex will produce a specific loss of certain motor abilities or that damage to the occipital areas will produce specific alterations in visual functions. This localization of function presents a major clinical problem, however, for it implies that there is little hope for functional restitution after cortical injury.
Something With in Religion In African-American Political Activism
Authors: Harris Fredrick C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the first book-length studies devoted to religion and African-American political activism in a generation, Something Within explores how Afro-Christianity, in various ways, promotes the political activism of African-Americans. Combining ethnography, history, contextual analysis, and survey research, this book illustrates the participatory effects of Afro-Christianity by examining its institutional, psychological, and cultural influences. Going beyond the opiate-inspiration debate that has dominated research on the subject, Author Fredrick C. Harris advances a new theory of religion as a political resource for a "civic culture in opposition."
Prophetic Fragments: Macro and Micro Foundations of Religious Resources
Authors: Harris Fredrick C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The religious leadership breakfast for senatorial candidate Carol Moseley Braun was more than a routine campaign event. Later, after the breakfast, I listened again and again to the recording of Braun’s visit to her own church the Sunday before the election, and I doubted that a survey of churchgoers or ministers could have fully captured the dynamics of either of those events. On the surface, the leadership breakfast could be interpreted as just another way for Braun to target ministers-as she might any other group of powerful people as potential supporters of her congressional campaign. Yet my observations suggest that there was more going on here than a politician’s self-interested pursuit of elites; indeed, they shed light on something far more complex-religion’s effects on collective action and black political mobilization.
Pocahontas (1596?-1617)
Authors: Young Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From the little verifiable evidence that exists, a remarkable legend about the life of Pocahontas has been passed down through the years. Disputes over her actual role in early America continue to the present day. We do know she was the daughter of a Virginia tidewater chieftain, Powhatan. But even her name creates controversy: although she is referred to as Pocahontas which means “playful one”-her birth name might have been Matoaka.
“The Age of the First Person Singular”
Authors: Mott Wesley T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“In all mv lectures,” Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote in his journal in April 1840, “I have taught one doctrine, namely, the infinitude of the private man” (JMN, 7:342). And he perceived that, for all his contemporaries’ materialism and timidity, this was a kind of article of faith for “the Age.”
Emerson in the Context of the Woman’s Rights Movement
Authors: Gilbert Armida 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In order to understand Emerson’s developing attitudes toward the woman s rights movement, it is necessary to appreciate the way in which the movement began, grew, and changed and the issues around which the early debates were centered. Before even the earliest stages of the woman’s rights movement in America, Emerson had been introduced to the ideas that would inform it, especially through the pioneering work of his friend Margaret Fuller. As explained by her, first in “The Great Lawsuit,-Man Versus Men, Woman Versus Women” in the Transcendentalist literary journal, the Dial, in 1843, then in expanded form in the first book written in America to argue for woman’s rights, Woman in the Nineteenth Century, in 1845, Fuller’s ideas, transmitted to Emerson through their frequent conversations and correspondence, came to form the core of his thinking on women. Fuller’s carefully reasoned tactics would form the basis for the approaches and arguments that would later be adopted by the nascent woman’s rights movement, as Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Matilda Joslyn Gage acknowledged in their monumental History of Woman Suffrage, when they stated that Fuller’s work “gave a new impulse to woman’s education as a thinker.”
Analytic Approach
Authors: Roberts Felicia D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The methodology adopted for this study is conversation analysis. Evolving out of ethnomethodology, conversation analysis (CA) accounts for the verbal and coordinated nonverbal behaviors that participants use moment to moment to create, maintain, and re-create the social world. The advantage of using a CA methodology is that it privileges naturally occurring spoken interaction in a way that constrains the analyst from introducing “unsubstantiated intuitions” into an analysis (Levinson, 1983, p. 295). To fully understand this claim, a brief discussion of the theoretical foundations of conversation analysis in order.
Discourse Identities: Establishing Participant Roles as Doctor and Patient
Authors: Roberts Felicia D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The previous chapter examined the ways in which the adjuvant therapy consultation is structured as a service encounter, as a legitimate occasion for giving and receiving advice or recommendations. Specifically, I noted the major activity phases of the encounter, the characteristic allocation of turns and turn types within phases, and the doctor’s orientation to an agenda for the visit. Both topic control and resistance to patient troubles-talk were notable mechanisms for maintaining the service orientation of the visit. Importantly, the doctor elicits the patient’s concerns about, and understanding of, her condition, which works to cast her provisionally in the role of advice seeker and co-implicates her in the recommendation to come.
Wiring the Brain: Activity-Dependent and Activity-Independent Development of Synaptic Circuits
Authors: Nelson Phillip G , Davenport Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The fundamental dogma of neuroscience holds that the function of the brain is mediated by circuits formed via synaptic connections between neurons. The operation of these circuits may well be modulated in profound ways by various aspects of glial function. Moreover, some neuronal interactions may not require synaptic connections. However, the basic computational algorithms responsible for mental life are executed by appropriately wired neuronal assemblies. The questions of how these neural circuits form, how they are modified by experience, and what mechanisms mediate the plasticity of learning and memory are central to neuro science. It seems eminently plausible that abnormalities in any of the stages of synaptic circuit development and function could result in pathological behavior of the brain. We do not attempt any specific pathogenetic interpretations, however, but rather summarize certain aspects of the current status of developmental neuroscience concerning the genesis of appropriate, functional synaptic circuitry of the brain and neuromuscular system.
Role of Intrinsic Circuitry in Motor Cortex Plasticity
Authors: Keller Asaf 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent anatomical and electrophysiological studies have provided data that are be ginning to unravel the controversies surrounding the functional organization of the motor cortex. Many of these advances are derived from studies of intracortical connections, which, despite their numerical prominence and postulated roles in motor cortical function, have only recently been studied systematically. The role of intracortical synaptic interactions in shaping the functional organization of the motor cortex and the role of intracortical interactions in modulating this organiza tion in response to neurological deficits and during motor skill acquisition are dis cussed in this chapter.
The Burden of Memory, the Muse of Forgiveness
Authors: Soyinka Wole 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Nobel laureate Wole Soyinka’s The Open Sore of a Continent appeared in 1996, it received rave reviews in the national media. Now comes Soyinka’s powerful sequel to that fearless and passionate book, The Burden of Memory. Where Open Sore offered a critique of African nationhood and a searing indictment of the Nigerian military and its repression of human and civil rights, The Burden of Memory considers all of Africa—indeed, all the world—as it poses the next logical question: Once repression stops, is reconciliation between oppressor and victim possible? In the face of centuries long devastations wrought on the African continent and her Diaspora by slavery, colonialism, Apartheid and the manifold faces of racism what form of recompense could possibly be adequate? In a voice as eloquent and humane as it is forceful, Soyinka examines this fundamental question as he illuminates the principle duty and "near intolerable burden" of memory to bear the record of injustice. In so doing, he challenges notions of simple forgiveness, of confession and absolution, as strategies for social healing. Ultimately, he turns to art—poetry, music, painting—as one source that may nourish the seed of reconciliation, art as the generous vessel that can hold together the burden of memory and the hope of forgiveness. Based on Soyinka’s Stewart-McMillan lectures delivered at the Du Bois Institute at Harvard, The Burden of Memory speaks not only to those concerned specifically with African politics, but also to anyone seeking the path to social justice through some of history’s most inhospitable terrain.
Ethic, Business and Managers
Authors: Küng Hans 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1971 Klaus Schwab, a professor of economic policy who had just returned from the USA at the age of thirty-three, arranged the first annual meeting of business leaders in Davos, later to become the World Economic Forum, and at the same time formulated as a ‘model for business’ what was to become even more topical in the 1990s in the face of globalization: that ‘all the groups mentioned in alphabetical order here have a direct interest in the success of a business’ (here I quote him word for word):’
The shareholders and lenders expect not only a safe investment but also appropriate interest on the capital invested.
Making Home, Making Nation: Catharine Beecher’s Domestic Economy
Authors: McHugh Kathleen Anne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I do not hesitate to avow, that, although the women of the United States are confined within the narrow circle of domestic life, and their situation is one of extreme dependence, I have nowhere seen women occupying a loftier position; if I were asked ... to what the singular prosperity and growing strength of that people ought mainly to be attributed, I should reply-to the superiority of their women. Catharine Beecher is the most famous nineteenth-century writer on domesticity. Were it necessary to summarize her significance to the construction of domesticity in America, that summary would be this: Catharine Beecher made a place for (middle-class white) women by synthesizing political, philosophical, and religious discourses with those concerning domestic labor, architecture, and design.
Silent Film, Silent Work Early Cinema and the Domestic Melodramas of D. W Griffith
Authors: McHugh Kathleen Anne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The fully Taylorized housekeeper described by Christine Frederick and Mary Pattison hides her mechanized industrial housekeeping practices and labor behind an inordinately feminine and pleasing appearance. This appearance, as Taylor himself points out, is the necessary value and condition of her efficiency. Thus the evolution of pedagogical housekeeping texts in America, written to and for a. specific group of women, culminates in a secularized standard of appearances that locates affective moral virtue in the erasure of domestic labor. In this manner the domestic sphere becomes a performative space treasured precisely because it allegorizes a class position on female labor, which is that it should not appear to be what it is.
Names And Stories
Authors: Israel Kali 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Names and Stories: Emilia Dilke and Victorian Culture employs an individual life lived under many names to investigate nineteenth-century British culture while also embodying a critical and historical engagement with theoretical questions. The book examines the histories of gender, knowledge, families, bodies, art, and political thought in Victorian Britain, contributing to both literary studies and cross-disciplinary feminist scholarship. By exploring key facets of British cultural and political history in the 1800s, this new work rigorously addresses wider themes of narrative, figuration, and historical writing and reading.
Amalia
Authors: Mérmol Josá 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Amalia was one of the most popular Latin American novels and, until recently, was required reading in Argentina's schools. It was written to protest the dictatorship of Juan Manuel de Rosas and to provide a picture of the political events during his regime, but the book's popularity stemmed from the love story that fuels the plot. Originally published in 1851 in serial form, Marmol recounts the story of Eduardo and Amalia, who fall in love while he is hiding in her home. Amalia and her cousin Daniel protect him from Rosist persecution, but before the couple and the cousin can escape to safety, they are discovered by the death squad and the young men die. Similar in style to the romantic novels of Walter Scott, Amalia provides a detailed picture of life under a dictatorship combined with lively dialogue, drama, and a tragic love story.
The Impact Of The Amistad Case On Race And Law In America(1841)
Authors: Jones Howard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The U.S. Supreme Court’s March 1841 decision to free the black captives of the Amistad marks the only instance in history in which captured Africans brought to the New World won their freedom and returned to their homeland. Indeed, this series of events constituted the first civil rights case to reach the highest tribunal in the land. Although the ruling turned on a technicality, it had lasting importance because black people had testified in antebellum American courts and won their freedom on the basis of innate human rights. In accordance with the defense team’s argument, Joseph Cinque (whose name was Sengbe Pieh in his native Mende language) and his companions were “kidnapped Africans” who had the inherent right of self-defense in killing their captors and winning their liberty.
A White Woman’s Word: The Scottsboro Case(1931)
Authors: ling P J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The case hinged on the word of two women against that of nine youths. The women were white, the defendants black, and the charge was rape. To a succession of Alabama juries between 1931 and 1937, race was the crux. Even when one of the women admitted that she had lied, even when the medical evidence was clearly inconsistent with the allegations of gang rape, even though two of the accused were barely thirteen, another was virtually blind, and a fourth was so infected with venereal disease that any intercourse would have been acutely painful, the verdict was always guilty.
Jackson As Morbid Anatomist
Authors: Critchley Macdonald , Critchley Eileen A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In August 1882 Jackson was invited to speak at the Annual Meeting of the British Medical Association, which was held in Worcester (the birthplace of his grandfather, John Hughlings). He addressed the Section of Pathology, and his lecture was, in many respects, unlike his usual contributions, being simpler in character and didactic. He made a strong plea to members of his audience to obtain post-mortem examinations whenever possible and, having achieved the statutory minimum requirement in training in morbid anatomy, to continue to be present at the autopsy of any patient of his who had died. It was Jackson’s opinion that pathology is the basis of every rational system of therapeutics.