bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of Dietary Intakes of Red Raspberry Fruits with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kirakosyan Ara , Seymour E Mitchel , Gutierrez Enrique , Bolling Steven 
Published: November 2023

Therapeutic approaches for managing type 2 diabetes include reducing starch hydrolysis by a‐amylase inhibition or limiting glucose absorption by a‐glucosidase inhibition. Red raspberry (RS) may be a functional food to reduce the risk of diabetes. The functional properties of RS were assessed using an array of in vitro assays including antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory capacities and inhibitory effects on a‐amylase, a‐glucosidase, angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE), and lipoxygenase. RS extract exhibited almost no lipoxygenase inhibitory activity and only slight inhibition of α‐amylase, but displayed strong inhibition of ACE and α‐glucosidase. In addition, RS showed strong antioxidant ability. It is well known that insulin signaling and cellular uptake of glucose are activated during food consumption. Insulin‐resistant rats are vulnerable to multiple pathophysiologies as a result of prolonged hyperglycemia, including development of non‐insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or type 2 diabetes. In addition, the diabetic cardiovascular disease is associated with decreased adiponectin and increased oxidative stress. Therefore, in follow‐up study, the effect of RS was assessed in obesity‐prone, Zucker Fatty rats as a model of cardiometabolic risk. For 8 weeks, rats were fed a higher‐fat diet (45% of kcal) containing 2% (wt/wt) freeze‐dried whole raspberry powder (RSP) or added sugars (CON) to match macronutrient and calorie content. Cardiac tissue harvested from the control and experimental rats was evaluated for relative gene expression of key genes involved in the mechanism behind NIDDM, which is frequently accompanied by obesity and metabolic syndrome. The positive effects of RS on cardiovascular risk phenotypes were previously been determined by our group; raspberry significantly reduced cardiac pathology. With regard to cardiac molecular mechanisms, current results indicate that RS upregulates the expression of myocardial adiponectin, its receptor 2, and apolipoprotein E, likely impacting plasma cholesterol and triglyceride homeostasis. The lipoprotein lipase gene was down regulated, suggesting a positive regulation of fatty acid uptake into heart tissues. On the contrary, RS did not alter PPAR and NF‐kB‐related mRNA in heart tissue of obese, diabetes‐prone rats, but did alter nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) mRNA. Nampt protein likely has multiple functions in different pathophysiological conditions related to obesity and type 2 diabetes.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by National Processed Raspberry Council grant
Body Composition and Muscle Mass in Patients with Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Radiological Study Computed Tomography Analysis of Body Composition in Patients with Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Foje Nathan , Khandalavala Birgit , Oliveto Jennifer , Rochling Fedja , Geske Jennene 
Published: November 2023

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming a leading cause of liver disease in the US, and it is predicted to become the predominant cause of liver failure and transplant in the future. There is a critical void in current knowledge of non‐invasive NAFLD evaluation and assessment and limited therapeutic options. Emerging data suggests that NAFLD is significantly correlated with metabolic abnormalities, insulin resistance, and visceral adiposity. Sarcopenia is increasingly reported to be associated with poor prognosis with similar correlations to metabolic status. Preliminary studies indicate that muscle mass can be reliably estimated on radiological evaluation by CT scan and is a good indicator of prognosis. With sparse data available on body composition that includes muscle mass estimation in patients with NAFLD in the US, a study to provide more comprehensive assessment, could lead to development of a novel muscle biomarker.A retrospective cohort study was conducted for a mid‐western population with known NAFLD at a single institution. Following exclusion of other causes, 192 subjects with NAFLD were identified by chart review to have undergone incidental, abdominal, non‐contrast CT scans over a three‐year period. Specialized software was used to estimate body composition consisting of visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Muscle mass was determined by psoas muscle measurement to provide the computed tomography abbreviated assessment of sarcopenia in trauma (CAAST) score as an indicator of sarcopenia.This study demonstrated a reliable, low‐risk, and readily available methodology for comprehensive body composition in patients with NAFLD. The use of such non‐invasive and prognostic information could be essential for targeted interventions that would reduce the visceral adipose tissue, increase lean muscle mass, and improve outcomes.Support or Funding InformationNo dislosures
The inhibitory effect of Gomisin N on lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation
Authors: Choi Seo‐Yun , Lee Yeon‐Joo , Hwang Ji‐Hyun , Choi Jia , Koh Eun‐Jeong , Song Ji‐Hyeon , Seo Young‐Jin , Chei Sungwoo , Park Min‐Ki , Lee Boo‐Yong 
Published: November 2023

Obesity is an energy balance disorder. It causes cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus type 2 and certain types of cancer. These relationships rely on the excessive differentiation and proliferation of adipocytes, which leads to increased size and number of fat cells. It caused by over expression of lipogenic enzyme or surplus energy accumulation stored as TG in adipocytes. Inhibition of the adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes contributes crucial therapeutic effect on prevention of obesity.In this study, we focused on anti‐obesity effect of Gomisin N (GN) in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes during differentiation. Accumulated lipid droplets were examined by Oil red O staining (ORO). The expression of adipogenic transcriptional gene were subjected by qPCR and Western Blot. The cells were incubated in the presence or absence of GN during differentiation. ORO showed that lipid accumulation was inhibited by GN in dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic factors were suppressed by GN. Our data suggests that GN has an inhibitory effect of lipid accumulation in 3T3‐L1 cells.
Evaluation of anti‐obesity activity of different extracts from Grifola frondosa in vitro
Authors: Lin Pei‐Shan , Huang Chin‐Shiu , Huang Pei‐Jane , Han Chien‐Kuo , Chen Hsiao‐Ling 
Published: November 2023

Grifola frondosa have been reported to have hypolipidaemic effects and several health benefits. However, the anti‐obesity activity and the optimal extract underlying these actions of G. frondosa have not been reported. In this study, we screened seven different extracts from G. frondosa to test their anti‐obesity activity using porcine pancreatic lipase assay in vitro activity. We also investigated the inhibitory effects of G. frondosa extracts on lipid droplet accumulation and cell growth during 3T3‐L1 preadipocyte differentiation. The lipase inhibitory activities of these seven extracts of G. frondosa were higher in the 50% ethanol extract than in other extracts. The 50% ethanol extract from G. frondosa also had highest inhibitory activity on cell growth and lipid accumulation during 3T3‐L1 cell differentiation. These results suggest that 50% ethanol extract of G. frondosa may have potential benefits as a health agent with anti‐obesity properties.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by a grant (MOST‐105‐2632‐B‐468‐001) from the Ministry of Education, Republic of China (Taiwan).
Tongqiaozuoxue Decoction, a Traditional Korean Medicine, Improves Hypercoagulation Through Stimulating Adiponectin Expression
Authors: Kim Soon‐Hee , Park Hee‐Sook , Hong MoonJu , Lee Ju Ah , Kim Myung‐Sunny 
Published: November 2023

The efficacy and safety of traditional medicine could be proved through human trial for a long time, and now it has been required for the scientific evidence of its efficacy and identification of specific functional target. Tongqiaozuoxue Decoction (THD) is a water extract of 8 species of medicinal herb including Cnidium officinale Makino and Prunus persica Batsch, and has been used for the treatment of blood stasis and hypercoagulation in traditional Korean medicine. This study investigated the efficacy of THD and its functional target using animal model. Early vascular model was established through feeding high‐fat diet (HFD, 60% fat) for 12 weeks to C57BL/6 mice; these mice showed the phenotype of obesity, insulin resistance, chronic metabolic inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and prothrombotic state. THD was orally administered for last 4 weeks in a dose of 100mg/kg/day. THD significantly decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) level in serum and adipose tissue (AT) by 30% and 60%, respectively. Also, the plasma activity of tissue‐type plasminogen activator (tPA), the downstream target of PAI‐1, was increased by 2‐fold. Fibrin deposition was notably reduced in AT, demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, adiponectin level was significantly increased both in serum and adipose tissue by 30% and 60%, respectively, although adipose tissue weight or total body weight were not changed by THD. Taken together, these results demonstrated that THD improve hypercoagulation through stimulating adiponectin expression.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by the grant of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
Peucedanum japonicum extract attenuates allergic airway inflammation by inhibiting Th2 cell activation and inflammatory mediators
Authors: Mi Chun Jin , Lee A‐Reum , Kim Hyo Seon , Lee A Yeong , Gu Gyo Jeong , Kwon Bo‐In 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundPeucedanum japonicum Thunb is traditionally used to treat coughs, colds, headaches and inflammatory diseases in Korea and Japan. However, the effects of Peucedanum japonicum on allergic lung inflammation have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti‐asthmatic effects of Peucedanum japonicum extract (PJE) in ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced asthmatic C57BL6 mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells. First, we evaluated the effects of PJE on airway inflammation in OVA‐induced asthmatic mice. Next, we investigated whether PJE inhibited the activation of Th2 cells both in vivo and in vitro, and identified inflammation related proteins in LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.Materials and methodsOVA was used to sensitize and challenge the airway of the mice, and PJE was orally administrated. We evaluated cell numbers, production of Th2 cell‐related cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, histopathological features, and the levels of GATA‐binding protein‐3 (GATA‐3) in the lung. In addition, Th2 cell activation both in the lung and among primary cultured splenocytes was evaluated by Fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Levels of inflammatory mediators and cytokines were determined in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells.ResultsPJE inhibited the OVA‐induced asthmatic response by reducing airway inflammation, and levels of Th2 cell related cytokines (IL‐5 and IL‐13). PJE inhibited the activation of Th2 cells both in vivo and in vitro via inactivation of CD4+ T cells, blockade of GATA‐3 expression, and reduction of the frequency of IL‐13‐producing cells after stimulation with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) and ionomycin. Furthermore, PJE down regulated inflammatory mediators (iNOS and COX‐2) and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, and IL‐6) in RAW264.7 cells.ConclusionsThese results demonstrated that PJE inhibited the OVA‐induced asthmatic response by reducing airway inflammation. Consequently, PJE attenuates allergic airway inflammation by inhibiting Th2 cell activation and inflammatory mediators. These results indicate that Peucedanum japonicum is useful to treat allergic lung inflammation.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by grants for Evaluation of effectiveness of alternative herbal medicine resources (K14416 and K15411) from Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM).
EVALUATION OF HAEMATOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF WISTAR ALBINO RATS FED Curcuma longa (Turmeric) RHIZOME POWDER
Authors: Iwueke Adaku Vivien , Ihenacho Kizito , Nwodu Judith 
Published: November 2023

The nutraceutical spice prepared from turmeric tubers used in many Asian cuisines possesses a diverse array of biological activities including anti‐inflammatory, anti‐neoplastic, and metabolic modifying properties among others. This study investigated the effect of intragastric administration of aqueous suspension of powdered Curcuma longa (turmeric) rhizome on haematological parameters of Wister albino rats. Twenty four male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (A–D), receiving distilled water, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of the powder respectively for three weeks. The body weights of the animals were measured weekly, while haematological parameters were determined after three weeks. The result revealed that daily oral administration of graded doses of the C. longa powder for the study period showed a non‐significant increase in the body weights of the animals. Treatment with the powder did not significantly (P ≥ 0.05) alter the levels of hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBC) and means corpuscular volume (MCV) of the rats. The result also showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in the platelets and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations (MCHC). However, the white blood cells (WBC) and the packed cell volume (PCV) concentrations were slightly reduced. These suggest that turmeric powder at the doses and duration used in the study has no adverse effect on haematological parameters.Support or Funding InformationPERSONALY FUNDED
Do Health Promoting Compounds of Flaxseed Attenuate Weight Gain via Regulation of Inflammation?
Authors: Mann Michael , Wiltgen Ashton , Silvernagel Kelsie , Rhee Yeong 
Published: November 2023

Obesity increases pro‐inflammatory cytokine production leading to systemic inflammation. This study determined the effect of health promoting compounds of flaxseed on weight gain and inflammatory cytokine productions. Sixty C57BL/6J male mice were randomly assigned into one of the following diet groups and fed for eight weeks: 1) 45% Kcal fat; 2) 45% Kcal fat, 10% whole flaxseed; 3) 45% Kcal fat, 6% defatted flaxseed; 4) 45% Kcal fat, 4% flaxseed oil; and 5) 16% Kcal fat. Weight and dietary intake were measured weekly. Pro‐inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐6, and nucleus factor (NF)‐κB expression in mouse liver samples were determined by real‐time quantitative PCR. The fold change in TNF‐α and IL‐6, and NF‐κB expression was calculated using 2‐ΔΔCT method. The average weight at pre‐treatment among diet groups was significantly different (p=0.013). The weight gain between pre and post diet treatments (p<0.0017) and the average weight at post‐treatment were significantly different (p<0.0001) among diet groups. Although there were no significant effects of diet treatment on selected gene expression, a positive correlation between TNF‐α and NF‐κB expressions (p<0.0001) and a positive trend between TNF‐α expression and weight gain (r=0.23324, p=0.075) were observed. The results indicated a possible mechanism of weight gain regulation by health promoting compounds of flaxseed via control of inflammation, which needs further study.Support or Funding InformationNDSU HDE College and HNES Department
Impact of Training Primary Care Physicians in Behavioral Counseling to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Fornasini Marco , Baldeon Manuel Eduardo , Zevallos Juan Carlos , Flores Nancy , Rosal Milagros , Merriam Philip , Ockene Ira 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundPrevious published literature has shown that cardiovascular risk factor management programs conducted during physician visits in developed countries result in a decrease in the risk for cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of a physician‐training program for diabetes and cardiovascular risk reduction in an at‐risk population in Ecuador, a developing country now facing a rapidly increasing incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.MethodsA randomized clinical trial was conducted in 6 primary care clinics in Quito, Ecuador. Participants included 15 primary care physicians (PCPs) and a sample of their adult patients at risk for type‐2 diabetes. A twelve‐step physician‐based and patient‐centered counseling training program aimed at decreasing cardiovascular risk was delivered to 8 PCPs. Seven additional PCPs who did not receive the training comprised the control group. The patient experience regarding counseling steps addressed by their physician was assessed by patient exit interviews (PEIs) which were administered immediately following the first post‐recruitment patient appointment. Anthropometrics, blood pressure, blood biochemistry parameters, and assessment of patient compliance with medication were conducted at baseline and after 6‐months follow‐up. Changes from baseline as well as differences between groups were estimated utilizing Chi‐square, ANOVA and paired t‐tests.ResultsA total of 197 patients were enrolled, 113 in the intervention care (IC) group and 84 in the usual care (UC) group; 99 patients (87.6%) in the IC group and 63 (75%) in the UC group completed the study between June 2014 and June 2016. Overall, participants from both study groups had similar socio‐demographic characteristics. The mean number of completed counseling steps, as measured by the PEI, were significantly higher in the IC group (8.9±1.6 vs. 6.6±2.3; p=0.001) and a significant reduction in glycated hemoglobin was seen in that group; p=0.023. Data also showed that within the IC group there were significant improvements in weight, Body Mass Index, total cholesterol, and LDL‐cholesterol.ConclusionsOur findings show that training PCPs in patient‐centered counseling for cardiovascular risk factor reduction is successful. Implementation of this educational strategy in Ecuador and other countries undergoing an epidemiologic transition could reduce both diabetes and cardiovascular risk among high‐risk patients.Support or Funding InformationInternational Atherosclerosis Society& Pfizer International
Sex Differences in Placental Mitochondrial Function Associated with Ozone‐Induced Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Miller Colette N , Lavrich Katelyn S , Freeborn Danielle , Kodavanti Prasada R , Kodavanti Urmila , Dye Janice A 
Published: November 2023

Fetal growth restriction is a major underlying cause of infant mortality worldwide. Despite knowledge of risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes, the mechanisms that drive compromised growth during pregnancy have not been well established. Placental maladaptation, particularly in terms of increased placental weight and mitochondrial DNA levels, have been demonstrated in intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) fetuses. Little is known about the mechanisms that drive placental maladaptation that can contribute to compromised fetal development, thus we sought to explore them in our model of IUGR. In the current study we developed a model of IUGR by exposing Long Evans dams to filtered air or 0.8 ppm ozone, 4hr/day during the implantation period. At gestational day 21, pups from ozone exposed dams had reduced weight compared to air control pups, demonstrating the development of IUGR. Furthermore, placenta to pup weight was elevated in both male and female IUGR pups, suggesting impaired placental development. Bioenergetics, measured as oxygen consumption rate (OCR), on fresh placental mitochondria were measured using the Seahorse XF96 analyzer. While IUGR did not impact female placental OCR at any point in the assay, placentas of IUGR males had increased total OCR relative to controls. Total ATP production remained unchanged between control and IUGR male placentas, however a significant proton leak was found in the mitochondria from male IUGR placentas compared to controls. Despite apparent sex differences in placental mitochondrial OCR, both sexes of IUGR pups had elevated mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial DNA levels compared to their respective controls. Additional gene expression experiments demonstrated that female IUGR pups have reduced Sod1 and increased Bcl2 expression compared to control female placentas, suggestive of increased apoptosis. Interestingly, this difference was not observed in males. Together our data supports the hypothesis that placental mitochondrial dysfunction is related to reduced fetal weight. However, we demonstrate clear sex differences of IUGR on mitochondrial function and activity in the placenta. Our findings support the emerging importance of mitochondrial health in the etiology of environmental stress‐induced IUGR, as well as the importance of utilizing a sex‐specific approach to investigate prenatal outcomes. This abstract does not reflect US EPA policy.Support or Funding InformationThis abstract was funded by the US EPA.
Exposure to Oxidized Tyrosine Products Induced Glycometabolism Disorder Involving Thyroid Hormones Resistance in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Ding Yinyi , Li Zhuqing , Ran Yumei , Shi Yonghui , Le Guowei 
Published: November 2023

Oxidative modifications of aromatic amino acids can be easily found in protein‐riched food, such as meat and milk products. Tyrosine is one of the most easily oxidized amino acids, leading to formation of dityrosine, 3‐nitrotyrosine, and 3‐chlorotyrosine. Although many researches has started to focus on the protein oxidation in meat and dairy products, the influence of dietary oxidized protein on metabolic disturbance has not been fully explored. Thyroid hormones (THs) are widely known for their ability to influence various cellular processes. Previous studies demonstrated that thyroid hormone resistance (RTH) is associated with impairment of glucose metabolism. This study was to determine whether oxidized tyrosine products (OTPs) exposure could inhibit the thyroid hormone action in pancreas leading to glucose metabolism disorder. We found that OTPs exposure (640 μg/kg bw/day, 10 weeks) induced increased blood glucose and decreased plasma insulin content in C57BL/6 mice. These data reflected glucose metabolism disorder in OTPs mice. OTPs induced elevated plasma free THs in the presence of unsuppressed thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level. OTPs also altered mRNA levels of HPT‐axis related genes in hypothalamus, pituitary, and thyroid gland and histopathological data of thyroid gland. These data reflected that OTPs induced the resistance of THs to the normal negative feedback mechanism in the hypothalamus and pituitary, which is the character of RTH. The downregulation of membrane transporter of THs (MCT8) and protein level of thyroid hormone receptor β1 (TRβ1) illustrated the decreased sensitivity to THs in pancreas. In addition, lower mRNA level of TRs co‐activator factors (RXRα, Src‐1) in pancreas suggested the activation ability of THs to downstream gene involved in insulin synthesis (MafA) was suppressed by OTPs. Taken together, these findings suggested that OTPs triggers glucose metabolism disorder via thyroid hormone resistance in pancreas. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first time to demonstrate that OTPs exposure is a risk factor of RTH in pancreas and inhibits insulin secretion.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by program of “Collaborative innovation center of food safety and quality control in Jiangsu Province”, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31571841), State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Jiangnan University in China (SKLF‐ZZB‐201609).