bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of acyl‐CoA synthetase 5 reflects the state of villus architecture in human small intestine
Authors: Gassler Nikolaus , Kopitz Jürgen , Tehrani Arman , Ottenwälder Birgit , Schnölzer Martina , Kartenbeck Jürgen , Lyer Stefan , Autschbach Frank , Poustka Annemarie , Otto Herwart F , Mollenhauer Jan 
Published: January 2004

AbstractSeveral disorders of the small intestine are associated with disturbances in villus architecture. Thus, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with the differentiation of villi represents an important step in the improvement of the understanding of small intestinal pathology. Screening of antibodies from a hybridoma library led to the identification of an acyl‐CoA synthetase 5‐specific monoclonal antibody. Protein synthesis, mRNA expression, and the enzyme activity of acyl‐CoA synthetase 5 were studied by several methods in human small intestinal tissues with Crohn's disease or coeliac disease, respectively. Acyl‐CoA synthetase 5 mRNA and protein levels were substantially reduced in injured small intestinal mucosa. Moreover, impaired synthesis of the acyl‐CoA synthetase 5 protein was reflected by a decrease in intramucosal enzyme activity. Subtle changes of the acyl‐CoA synthetase 5 pattern correlate with conversion of intestinal epithelial cells to a gastric phenotype. These results suggest that deranged acyl‐CoA synthetase 5 expression, synthesis, and activity are closely related to the state of villus architecture and epithelial homeostasis in human small intestine. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The human Delta‐like 1 homologue is implicated in the progression of liver fibrosis in biliary atresia
Authors: Huang Chao‐Cheng , Chuang Jiin‐Haur , Huang Lynn LH , Chou Ming‐Huei , Wu Chia‐Lin , Chen Ching‐Mei , Hsieh Chie‐Song , Lee Shin‐Ye , Chen Chao‐Long 
Published: January 2004

AbstractAdvanced liver cirrhosis frequently occurs in infants with biliary atresia despite early surgical correction. The aetiology is unknown, but may involve many cytokines and liver cells including hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). A cytokine expression array and real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (QRT‐PCR) were used to study cytokine expression during the progression of liver fibrosis in biliary atresia. A Delta‐like 1 homologue (DLK1) gene was identified and this gene was up‐regulated during the early stage, and down‐regulated during the late stage, of biliary atresia, similar to the expression pattern of the procollagen α1(I) gene. Further characterization with immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, and in situ hybridization revealed that the DLK1 protein was mainly present in the cytoplasm of smooth muscle actin‐positive mesenchymal cells that were morphologically and immunohistochemically identical to activated HSCs/myofibroblasts, whereas DLK1 mRNA was present only in hepatocytes. As DLK1 is a negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation and may control cell fate during differentiation, overexpression of DLK1 protein in HSCs in the early stage of biliary atresia suggests that DLK1 may be implicated in the transformation of HSCs from fat‐storing cells to myofibroblasts and in fibrogenesis associated with biliary atresia. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disrupted traffic of connexin 43 in human testicular seminoma cells: overexpression of Cx43 induces membrane location and cell proliferation decrease
Authors: Roger C , Mograbi B , Chevallier D , Michiels JF , Tanaka H , Segretain D , Pointis G , Fenichel P 
Published: January 2004

AbstractConnexins, the constitutive proteins of gap junctions, are considered to be tumour suppressive agents and are often impaired in the tumourigenic processes. In the present study, the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43), which is involved in the control of spermatogenesis through Sertoli/germ cell coupling, has been investigated in human testicular seminoma cells (tumours and the JKT‐1 cell line). Cx43 was immunolocalized in the Golgi apparatus without membrane expression and was detected by immunoblotting in JKT‐1 as exclusive 70 kD bands. No mutation could be found by sequencing the transcript obtained by RT‐PCR. Transfection with a Cx43‐V5 vector reproduced the same gel shift, identifying these 70 kD bands as Cx43. The Cx43‐70 kD bands were also expressed in normal testicular tissue, associated with the classical 43 kD isoforms. Stable transfection of JKT‐1 with a Cx43‐GFP vector allowed restoration of Cx43 membrane expression, functional cell coupling, and inhibition of the cell proliferation rate. Storage of Cx43 in the Golgi apparatus may correspond during spermatogenesis to an intermittent physiological process that becomes permanent in malignant seminoma cells as a result of the tumourigenic process. By preventing Cx43 membrane expression, this disrupted traffic may itself participate in tumour promotion. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BRAF mutations are associated with some histological types of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Trovisco Vítor , Vieira de Castro Inês , Soares Paula , Máximo Valdemar , Silva Paula , Magalhães João , Abrosimov Alexander , Guiu Xavier Matias , Sobrinho‐Simões Manuel 
Published: January 2004

AbstractMutations in the BRAF gene have recently been detected in a wide range of neoplastic lesions with a particularly high prevalence in melanoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The hot‐spot mutation BRAFV599E is frequently detected in PTC (36–69%), in contrast to its absence in other benign or malignant thyroid lesions. In order to unravel whether there is any association between the occurrence of the BRAF mutation and the histological pattern of PTC, in this study a previous series of 50 PTCs was extended to 134 cases, including ten cases of PTC‐related entities—hyalinizing trabecular tumour (HTT) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). Using PCR/SSCP and sequencing, the BRAFV599E mutation was detected in 45 of the 124 PTCs (36%). No mutations were detected in any case of HTT and MEC. BRAFV599E was present in 75% of Warthin‐like PTCs and 53% of conventional PTCs, whereas no BRAFV599E mutations were detected in any of the 32 cases of the follicular variant of PTC. BRAFV599E was also detected in 6 of 11 cases of the oncocytic variant of PTC that displayed a papillary or mixed follicular–papillary growth pattern and in none of the four oncocytic PTCs with a follicular growth pattern. A distinct mutation in BRAF (codon K600E) was detected in three cases of the follicular variant of PTC. This study has confirmed the high prevalence of BRAFV599E in PTC and has shown that the mutation is almost exclusively seen in PTC with a papillary or mixed follicular–papillary growth pattern, regardless of the cytological features of the neoplastic cells. The results support the existence of an oncocytic variant of PTC that should be separated from the oncocytic variant of follicular carcinoma and suggest that the follicular variant of PTC may be genetically different from conventional PTC. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Altered expression of the ZBRK1 gene in human breast carcinomas
Authors: Garcia Vanesa , Domínguez Gemma , García José M , Silva Javier , Peña Cristina , Silva José M , Carcereny Enric , Menendez Josefa , España Pilar , Bonilla Félix 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe ZBRK1 protein is a member of the KRAB‐ZFP family. It functions as a transcriptional repressor by binding to its recognition sequence within target genes and producing a nucleoprotein complex containing its co‐repressor BRCA1 and also probably the co‐repressor KAP‐1. Alterations that affect the ZBRK1 gene have not been reported in human tumours. For this reason, possible alterations in the ZBRK1 gene have been studied by analysing mRNA expression using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and gene sequence using single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and DNA sequencing, in 61 patients with primary breast carcinomas. BRCA1 mRNA expression and allelic loss were also studied in 25 of the same patients. ZBRK1 was underexpressed in 28 (45.9%) and overexpressed in 18 (29.5%) of the 61 cases. No significant association was observed between ZBRK1 mRNA expression and clinicopathological parameters. Loss of heterozygosity of the BRCA1 gene was found in 3 of 23 (13%) informative cases and BRCA1 mRNA expression was altered in 11 of 25 (44%) cases. No significant correlation was found between altered BRCA1 expression and the different types of ZBRK1 mRNA expression. Nine polymorphisms were found in the ZBRK1 sequence, with no significant differences between patients and control subjects. Altered ZBRK1 expression correlated significantly with two of these polymorphisms. A point mutation in one polymorphism and allelic loss in one patient were also observed, findings that indicate that these inactivation mechanisms do not frequently affect this gene. Altered expression of the ZBRK1 gene is therefore frequent in primary breast carcinoma. The functional significance of the polymorphisms in this gene is unclear. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Ohio Medicaid patients: practice patterns and temporal trends
Authors: Cooper Gregory S. , Mourad William A. , Koroukian Siran M. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractPurposeThere is a paucity of data about the use of procedures and prescription medications in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in actual clinical practice.MethodsOutpatient Ohio Medicaid claims from 1994 to 1998 were searched to identify patients with an initial diagnosis of GERD along with associated prescriptions and gastrointestinal procedures. Complications of GERD and comorbid illnesses were also determined.ResultsA total of 5579 patients were identified. Histamine‐2 receptor antagonists (H2RA') were prescribed in 59%, followed by proton pump inhibitors (PPI's) (30%) and prokinetic drugs (17%). PPI's were more frequently prescribed to patients with GERD‐related complications, peptic ulcer disease and major comorbidities, and patients who received PPI's were also more likely to undergo upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The frequencies of upper endoscopy and barium studies were 20% and 11% respectively, with no change over the study period. There was an increased frequency of PPI therapy (17–43%) and decreased frequency of H2RA therapy (72–47%) from 1994 to 1998 which persisted after adjusting for potential differences in case mix.ConclusionsIn this population‐based study, prescription of PPI's increased over time which likely reflected changes in clinician practice rather than patient mix. Despite a greater awareness of GERD complications, use of upper endoscopy did not increase. Although the cohort consists of predominantly low socioeconomic status, female patients, further studies should be conducted in other populations to confirm these findings. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ovarian cancer risk and use of phenolphthalein‐containing laxatives
Authors: Cooper Glinda S. , Longnecker Matthew P. , Peters Ruth K. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractPurposeExperimental studies in rodents demonstrated the carcinogenic potential of phenolphthalein, the active ingredient in some laxatives, administered at doses similar to the dose that could be used by humans. Ovarian cancer was one of the cancers observed in these studies. We examined the association between epithelial ovarian cancer and use of phenolphthalein‐containing laxatives in a population‐based case‐control study.MethodsThe study includes 356 epithelial ovarian cancer cases (256 invasive, 100 borderline) and 424 controls. Cases were identified through a population‐based registry in Los Angeles County in 1992–1998, and controls were matched to cases by age, race/ethnicity and neighborhood. Data on laxative use (specific brands, frequency of use, usual dose) were obtained by structured in‐person interview.ResultsCompared to women who never used a laxative, ever use of a phenolphthalein‐containing laxative was not associated with an increased risk of invasive ovarian cancer (odds ratio (OR) 1.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75, 1.5) or of borderline ovarian cancer (OR 0.75, 95%CI 0.37, 1.5). Total days used, mean number of pills per day and cumulative dose were also unrelated to risk.ConclusionsThis study provides some assurance that phenolphthalein‐containing laxatives do not increase the risk of ovarian cancer in humans. These findings are of particular importance to those countries in which phenolphthalein is still used in over‐the‐counter medications. Published in 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does hormone therapy for the treatment of breast cancer have a detrimental effect on memory and cognition? A pilot study
Authors: Jenkins Valerie , Shilling Valerie , Fallowfield Lesley , Howell Anthony , Hutton Sam 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis pilot study examines whether hormone therapy for breast cancer affects cognition. Patients participating in a randomised trial of anastrozole, tamoxifen alone or combined (ATAC) (n=94) and a group of women without breast cancer (n=35) completed a battery of neuropsychological measures. Compared with the control group, the patients were impaired on a processing speed task (p=0.032) and on a measure of immediate verbal memory (p=0.026) after controlling for the use of hormone replacement therapy in both groups. Patient group performance was not significantly related to length of treatment or measures of psychological morbidity. The results showed specific impairments in processing speed and verbal memory in women receiving hormonal therapy for the treatment of breast cancer. Verbal memory may be especially sensitive to changes in oestrogen levels, a finding commonly reported in studies of hormone replacement therapy in healthy women. In view of the increased use of hormone therapies in an adjuvant and preventative setting their impact on cognitive functioning should be investigated more thoroughly. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of dyadic intervention on self‐efficacy, social support, and depression for men with prostate cancer
Authors: Weber Bryan A. , Roberts Beverly L. , Resnick Martin , Deimling Gary , Zauszniewski Jaclene A. , Musil Carol , Yarandi Hossein N. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractUrinary and sexual dysfunctions are side effects of radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (PC) that contribute to depression. Despite the effectiveness of support groups at reducing depression in cancer patients, men typically do not participate in them. The purpose of this pilot study was to test the effects of a dyadic intervention (one‐to‐one support) on social support (Modified Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors), self‐efficacy (Stanford Inventory of Cancer Patient Adjustment), and depression (Geriatric Depression Scale). Subjects were randomized to group. Controls (N=15; Mage=59.7) received usual care. Experimentals were paired with long‐term survivors (LTS) who had RP and who had treatment side effects in common. Experimentals (N=15; Mage=57.5) met with a LTS 8 times in 8 weeks to discuss concerns associated with survivorship. No significant differences were detected on social support, but after 4 weeks, significant differences were present on depression between controls and experimentals, however these differences were not seen at 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, there were also significant differences on self‐efficacy between controls and experimentals. Weekly anecdotal data supported the feasibility and acceptance of the intervention that was a low cost strategy effective at reducing depression and increasing self‐efficacy in men treated by RP. Future research directions and clinical application is presented. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cancer diagnosis and prognosis in Taiwan: Patient preferences versus experiences
Authors: Tang Siew Tzuh , Lee Shiu‐Yu C. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractConsidering the emphasis of nonmaleficence and beneficence and the relative power of family, there is a well‐recognized suggestion that, in Asian culture, informing cancer patients about their diagnosis and prognosis should be modified according to the family's opinion. However, up until now, except in Japan, the argument that cancer patients from an Asian culture have different preferences about being informed of their diagnosis and prognosis has not been demonstrated by evidence‐based studies especially by directly exploring cancer patients' preferences. The purpose of this study was to describe Taiwanese cancer patients' knowledge and experiences of being informed of their diagnosis and prognosis. Preferences of information from health‐care professionals and attitudes toward disclosing information to family and even respecting family's opinions not to disclose the life‐threatening diagnosis and prognosis to patients have also been explored from the patient's point of views. Evidence from this study demonstrated that Taiwanese cancer patients' information needs are substantial. However, the common practice of nondisclosure of prognosis and detailed disease‐related information by health‐care professionals continues. Cancer patients in Taiwan expressed a strong preference for health‐care professionals to inform them of disease‐related information before disclosing information to their family members. Health‐care professionals need to consider and respect cancer patients' views rather than routinely taking the family's opinions into consideration first in the event of disagreement. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychoeducational group intervention for wives of men with prostate cancer
Authors: Manne Sharon , Babb James , Pinover Wayne , Horwitz Eric , Ebbert Judi 
Published: January 2004

AbstractObjective: The effects of a 6‐week psychoeducational group intervention on the distress, coping, personal growth, and marital communication of wives of men diagnosed with prostate cancer were evaluated using a randomized clinical trial.Methods: Sixty wives completed measures prior to random assignment to either the psychoeducational group intervention or a no‐treatment control group, and 1 month after completion of the group.Results: No differences with regard to wives' general distress or cancer‐specific distress were noted. In comparison with the control group, participants receiving the intervention perceived that having a spouse with prostate cancer had made positive contributions to their lives, reported gains in the use of positive reappraisal coping and reductions in denial coping.Conclusion: Although the psychoeducational intervention did not result in changes in psychological distress, improvements in adaptive coping and indicators of psychological growth were found. The utility of group interventions for spouses of men with prostate cancer is discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics of prostate cancers detected at low PSA levels
Authors: Horninger Wolfgang , Berger A.P. , Rogatsch H. , Gschwendtner A. , Steiner H. , Niescher M. , Klocker H. , Bartsch G. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDWhen age‐referenced PSA levels as recommended by Oesterling et al.1 were used as a biopsy criterion, only 25% of the cancers detected in a population based PSA Screening Project were organ‐confined. This observation led to the decision to use low PSA levels as the sole indication for biopsy. Since 1995 age‐referenced PSA levels of 1.25–3.25 ng/ml have been used in combination with a percentage free PSA cutoff of 18%. This PSA cutoff reduction led to a statistically significant migration to lower pathological stages with a decreased prostate cancer mortality in the years 1996–2001. However, concerns have been raised that screening with low PSA levels may detect clinically insignificant cancers.MATERIALS AND METHODSWe evaluated prostate cancer patients with low PSA levels in terms of heterogeneity, clinical significance, multifocality, and tumor biology including ploidy and proliferation index.RESULTSConcerning heterogeneity the Gleason score of the needle biopsy failed to predict the Gleason score of the radical prostatectomy specimen in nearly 40% of prostate cancer patients; regarding multifocality 65% of patients with low PSA levels showed multifocal lesions and 36% exhibited tetraploid DNA distribution; more than 50% of tetraploid tumors were found in patients with tumor volumes of less than 0.5 cm3. Ploidy correlated with the Ki‐67 proliferation index, but not with tumor volume.CONCLUSIONSThese results demonstrate that small prostate cancers with low PSA levels and low tumor volumes exhibit all features of prostate cancers with higher tumor volumes and show the characteristics of malignant cancers, i.e., multifocality, tetraploidy, and high proliferative activity. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of new prostate specific monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Lampe M.I. , Molkenboer‐Kuenen J.D.M. , Oosterwijk E. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDDespite the need for new prostate‐specific diagnostic and therapeutic targets, very few unique prostate (cancer) specific antigens have been characterized. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) technology is a powerful tool to identify specific antigenic markers, which could be potential targets for cancer diagnostics or therapy.METHODSSplenocytes from mice immunized with prostate cancer (PCa) homogenates of different origin were fused using standard techniques. Employing a differential high‐throughput screening method followed by immediate screening in immunohistochemistry (IHC) a large number of hybridomas were screened for prostate (cancer) specificity.RESULTSFrom 25 successful fusions approximately 300 clones were identified excreting PCa‐reactive antibodies. Subsequent immunohistochemical fine‐specificity analysis reduced this number to 26. Eventually, after extensive fine‐specificity analysis, the number of mAbs appearing to define prostate‐specific antigenic structures that might serve as new diagnostic or therapeutic targets was reduced to three.CONCLUSIONSUsing mAb technology combined with a high throughput screening method we have developed three mAbs (1.8, 2.26, and 3.10) directed against prostate associated antigens that might identify potential new therapeutic targets. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.