bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure evolution accounting for crystal plasticity in the context of the multiphase-field method
Authors: Kannenberg Thea , Schöller Lukas , Prahs Andreas , Schneider Daniel , Nestler Britta 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe role of grain boundaries (GBs) and especially the migration of GBs is of utmost importance in regard of the overall mechanical behavior of polycrystals. By implementing a crystal plasticity (CP) theory in a multiphase-field method, where GBs are considered as diffuse interfaces of finite thickness, numerically costly tracking of migrating GBs, present during phase transformation processes, can be avoided. In this work, the implementation of the constitutive material behavior within the diffuse interface region, considers phase-specific plastic fields and the jump condition approach accounting for CP. Moreover, a coupling is considered in which the phase-field evolution and the balance of linear momentum are solved in each time step. The application of the model is extended to evolving phases and moving interfaces and approaches to strain inheritance are proposed. The impact of driving forces on the phase-field evolution arising from plastic deformation is discussed. To this end, the shape evolution of an inclusion is investigated. The resulting equilibrium shapes depend on the anisotropic plastic deformation and are illustrated and examined. Subsequently, evolving phases are studied in the context of static recrystallization (SRX). The GB migration involved in the growth of nuclei, which are placed in a previously deformed grain structure, is investigated. For this purpose, three approaches to strain inheritance are compared and, subsequently, different grain structures and distributions of nuclei are considered. It is shown, how the revisited method contributes to a simulation of SRX.
Greater pelvic obliquity in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis combined with hip dysplasia
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxiong , Pan Aixing , Hai Yong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a spinal deformity that affects adolescents and poses a challenging public health problem. Compared to the general population, adolescents with AIS have a higher prevalence of hip dysplasia. However, the mechanisms underlying the impact of hip dysplasia on the coronal balance of the spine remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that the combination of AIS with hip dysplasia would exacerbate coronal imbalance.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the medical records and radiographs of adolescents diagnosed with AIS between 2015 and 2020. Participants were divided into two groups: those with hip dysplasia and those without. We recorded parameters related to the coronal deformity of the spine, sacral and pelvic obliquity, and center edge angle (CEA). We investigated differences in these parameters in those with and without hip dysplasia and analyzed their relationships in those with combined AIS and hip dysplasia.

Results
A total of 103 adolescents were included, 36 with hip dysplasia and 67 without. Those with hip dysplasia had significantly higher sacroiliac discrepancy (SID) compared to those without (t = − 2.438, P = 0.017). In adolescents with hip dysplasia, only iliac obliquity angle (IOA) was significantly correlated with SID (r = − 0.803, P < 0.001), with a linear relationship between them (r2 = 0.645, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The incidence of hip dysplasia is higher in the AIS population. In adolescents with combined AIS and hip dysplasia, pelvic obliquity is greater, potentially contributing to the increased prevalence of low back pain.
Genotyping of European Toxoplasma gondii strains by a new high-resolution next-generation sequencing-based method
Authors: Joeres M. , Maksimov P. , Höper D. , Calvelage S. , Calero-Bernal R. , Fernández-Escobar M. , Koudela B. , Blaga R. , Vrhovec M. Globokar , Stollberg K. , Bier N. , Sotiraki S. , Sroka J. , Piotrowska W. , Kodym P. , Basso W. , Conraths F. J. , Mercier A. , Galal L. , Dardé M. L. , Balea A. , Spano F. , Schulze C. , Peters M. , Scuda N. , Lundén A. , Davidson R. K. , Terland R. , Waap H. , de Bruin E. , Vatta P. , Caccio S. , Ortega-Mora L. M. , Jokelainen P. , Schares G. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
A new high-resolution next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based method was established to type closely related European type II Toxoplasma gondii strains.

Methods
T. gondii field isolates were collected from different parts of Europe and assessed by whole genome sequencing (WGS). In comparison to ME49 (a type II reference strain), highly polymorphic regions (HPRs) were identified, showing a considerable number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). After confirmation by Sanger sequencing, 18 HPRs were used to design a primer panel for multiplex PCR to establish a multilocus Ion AmpliSeq typing method. Toxoplasma gondii isolates and T. gondii present in clinical samples were typed with the new method. The sensitivity of the method was tested with serially diluted reference DNA samples.

Results
Among type II specimens, the method could differentiate the same number of haplotypes as the reference standard, microsatellite (MS) typing. Passages of the same isolates and specimens originating from abortion outbreaks were identified as identical. In addition, seven different genotypes, two atypical and two recombinant specimens were clearly distinguished from each other by the method. Furthermore, almost all SNPs detected by the Ion AmpliSeq method corresponded to those expected based on WGS. By testing serially diluted DNA samples, the method exhibited a similar analytical sensitivity as MS typing.

Conclusion
The new method can distinguish different T. gondii genotypes and detect intra-genotype variability among European type II T. gondii strains. Furthermore, with WGS data additional target regions can be added to the method to potentially increase typing resolution.
The elicitation of patient and physician preferences for calculating consumer-based composite measures on hospital report cards: results of two discrete choice experiments
Authors: Emmert Martin , Rohrbacher Stefan , Meier Florian , Heppe Laura , Drach Cordula , Schindler Anja , Sander Uwe , Patzelt Christiane , Frömke Cornelia , Schöffski Oliver , Lauerer Michael 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The calculation of aggregated composite measures is a widely used strategy to reduce the amount of data on hospital report cards. Therefore, this study aims to elicit and compare preferences of both patients as well as referring physicians regarding publicly available hospital quality information

Methods
Based on systematic literature reviews as well as qualitative analysis, two discrete choice experiments (DCEs) were applied to elicit patients’ and referring physicians’ preferences. The DCEs were conducted using a fractional factorial design. Statistical data analysis was performed using multinomial logit models

Results
Apart from five identical attributes, one specific attribute was identified for each study group, respectively. Overall, 322 patients (mean age 68.99) and 187 referring physicians (mean age 53.60) were included. Our models displayed significant coefficients for all attributes (p < 0.001 each). Among patients, “Postoperative complication rate” (20.6%; level range of 1.164) was rated highest, followed by “Mobility at hospital discharge” (19.9%; level range of 1.127), and ‘‘The number of cases treated” (18.5%; level range of 1.045). In contrast, referring physicians valued most the ‘‘One-year revision surgery rate’’ (30.4%; level range of 1.989), followed by “The number of cases treated” (21.0%; level range of 1.372), and “Postoperative complication rate” (17.2%; level range of 1.123)

Conclusion
We determined considerable differences between both study groups when calculating the relative value of publicly available hospital quality information. This may have an impact when calculating aggregated composite measures based on consumer-based weighting.
‘Am I to blame because my child is not motivated to do math?’: Relationships between parents’ attitudes, beliefs and practices towards mathematics and students’ mathematics motivation and achievement
Authors: Peixoto Francisco , Mata Lourdes , Campos Mafalda , Caetano Teresa , Radišić Jelena , Niemivirta Markku 
Published: December 2023

AbstractResearch on parental involvement is broad and specifies diverse kinds of parental practices that have specific associations with children’s learning outcomes. However, the involvement of parents in education, the dynamics of parent–child interactions and the actions and practices they employ and their impact on student’s motivation and achievement are intricate processes characterised by numerous intervening variables that require further clarification.In this study, we aimed to examine the association between parental beliefs and involvement and their children’s motivation and mathematics achievement. Data were collected from 8071 third- and fourth-graders from six European countries and their parents. Students fulfilled the Expectancy-Value Scale, self-reporting on motivational aspects towards mathematics and performed two math tests to assess their performance. Parents also reported on their math attitudes, mindsets and involvement practices with their children.Data analysis was performed using structural equation modelling. Several theoretically meaningful associations were found in the tested model, showing the detrimental impacts of a fixed mindset on parents’ practices. Furthermore, we found significant relationships between parents’ attitudes towards mathematics, their practices and students’ perceptions of math-related values and cost. Finally, associations between parental practices, the child’s outcomes and the association between children’s mathematics motivation and achievement were also observed. Some implications are presented, particularly concerning interventions with parents.
Associations between students’ reading performance and literacy instruction in first grade: a cross-lagged study
Authors: Ruotsalainen Jenni , Pakarinen Eija , Poikkeus Anna-Maija , Lerkkanen Marja-Kristiina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis cross-lagged study examined the classroom-level associations between the reading performance of first-grade students (N = 537) and observed literacy instruction activities in classrooms (N = 30) in the autumn and spring terms. The multilevel analyses indicated that lower average word reading skills in the classrooms (i.e., there were more students who were learning to read) in the autumn were associated with higher amount of activities supporting consolidation of reading and spelling skills in the spring. In contrast, higher average word reading skills in the classrooms in the autumn were associated with higher amount of independent meaning-focused activities in the spring. Higher extent of whole-group meaning-focused activities in the autumn was positively associated with reading comprehension at classroom level in the spring, whereas independent phonological recoding practice in the autumn was negatively associated with reading comprehension in the spring. The study provides novel understanding of the associations between students’ reading performance and literacy instruction especially showing how students’ reading skills at classroom level may inform instruction in the classroom. This information may guide teachers to adapt their instruction at classroom level but also to identify the students needing differentiation. The results also acknowledge the affordances and limitations students’ skills may set for the instruction.
Direct Numerical Simulation of Atomization Characteristics of ECN Spray-G Injector: In-Nozzle Fluid Flow and Breakup Processes
Authors: Li Yongxiang , Ries Florian , Sun Yaquan , Lien Hao-Pin , Nishad Kaushal , Sadiki Amsini 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn order to sustain applications dealing with various liquid fuels in internal combustion engine (ICE), it is essential to make available prediction methodologies that allow an early evaluation of the potential usefulness of such fuels in terms of favourable mixture preparation process already in realistic configurations. Since the air-mixture formation and subsequent processes are predominantly governed by the fuel injection, a DNS based numerical investigation coupled with VOF as an interface tracking method is carried out in this paper to gain better insight on the fuel injection from an industrial injector "Spray G" configuration. Chosen from Engine Combustion Network (ECN), this is a gasoline direct injector (GDI) featuring 8-holes orifices and operating with high injection pressure (200 bar). Under consideration of the required computational cost associated with DNS, only the 1/8 of the nozzle geometry including one orifice is used. The numerical simulation is accomplished for the quasi-steady injection condition with nozzle needle fully opened. The obtained results are first validated with available experimental data for nozzle mass flow rate and spray spread angle showing a good agreement. Then, a detailed numerical analysis is provided for the in/near nozzle flow evolution especially for flow turbulence, primary and secondary atomization. Furthermore, droplet statistics in terms of droplet shape, and droplet size-velocity distribution together with a breakup regime map are reported. Finally, a 2-D data curation technique is proposed to extract the droplet statistics along selected planes and evaluated by direct comparison with three-dimensional droplet data, which may allow handling of the DNS data in more feasible and economical way especially for time series data with higher frequency. The comprehensive DNS data generated by this DNS-VOF approach enable not only to carry out detailed numerical analysis of in- and near-nozzle physical phenomena for which experimental data are still scarce, but also to provide a hint of more reliable injector boundary conditions useful for lower order spray injection method based on Lagrangian particle tracking.
Quantum-mechanical four-body versus semi-classical three-body theories for double charge exchange in collisions of fast alpha particles with helium targets
Authors: Belkić Dževad 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWithin the two-channel distorted wave second-order perturbative theoretical formalism, we study capture of both electrons from helium-like targets by heavy nuclei as projectiles at intermediate and high impact energies. The emphasis is on the four-body single-double scattering (SDS-4B) method and the three-body continuum distorted wave impact parameter method (CDW-3B-IPM). The SDS-4B method deals with the full quantum-mechanical correlative dynamics of all the four interactively participating particles (two electrons, two nuclei). The CDW-3B-IPM is a semi-classical three-body independent particle model (one electron, two nuclei), using a combinatorial calculus to describe double capture by a product of two uncorrelated probabilities, integrated over impact parameters. Both theories share a common feature in having altogether two electronic full Coulomb continuum wave functions. One such function is centered on the projectile nucleus in the entrance channel, whereas the other is centered on the target nucleus in the exit channel. These two methods satisfy the correct initial and final Coulomb boundary conditions in the asymptotic region of scattering, at infinitely large inter-particle separations. Yet, it is presently demonstrated that most of the available experimental data on total cross sections for the double capture from helium by alpha particles distinctly favor the SDS-4B method. This is especially true at intermediate energies. Such energies are critically important in versatile applications under the general umbrella of ion transport in matter, including thermonuclear fusion (plasma physics) and ion therapy (medicine).
Assessing Work Functioning in Patients with Persistent Low Back Pain: Exploring the Structural Validity of the Work Rehabilitation Questionnaire
Authors: Hansen Anders , Mortensen Ole Steen , Escorpizo Reuben , Søgaard Karen , Søndergaard Jens , Schiøttz-Christensen Berit , Lauridsen Henrik Hein 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Assessing work functioning in patients with persistent low back pain (LBP) is important for understanding their ability to engage in work-related activities. This study aims to evaluate the item characteristics, factor structure, and internal consistency of the Work Rehabilitation Questionnaire (WORQ) in patients with persistent LBP.

Methods
Four hundred and twenty-five individuals with LBP completed the WORQ. Item characteristics, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and consistency were performed to identify the underlying factors.

Results
Missing responses were < 2% for each item. The analysis revealed three factors: psychological wellbeing, physical functioning, and cognitive ability. The factors demonstrated strong internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.88 to 0.93 and McDonald’s Omega from 0.92 to 0.96. Fifteen items did not fit into any identified factors, suggesting their potential value in screening functioning levels beyond the factors.

Conclusions
The WORQ is a valid instrument for evaluating work limitations in individuals with persistent LBP. Further research should assess its responsiveness to changes from interventions that target workability. Advancing this knowledge has the potential to promote work rehabilitation and improve the quality of life for patients with persistent LBP.
Numerical evaluation of singular integrals on non-disjoint self-similar fractal sets
Authors: Gibbs A. , Hewett D. P. , Major B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe consider the numerical evaluation of a class of double integrals with respect to a pair of self-similar measures over a self-similar fractal set (the attractor of an iterated function system), with a weakly singular integrand of logarithmic or algebraic type. In a recent paper (Gibbs et al. Numer. Algorithms 92, 2071–2124 2023), it was shown that when the fractal set is “disjoint” in a certain sense (an example being the Cantor set), the self-similarity of the measures, combined with the homogeneity properties of the integrand, can be exploited to express the singular integral exactly in terms of regular integrals, which can be readily approximated numerically. In this paper, we present a methodology for extending these results to cases where the fractal is non-disjoint but non-overlapping (in the sense that the open set condition holds). Our approach applies to many well-known examples including the Sierpinski triangle, the Vicsek fractal, the Sierpinski carpet, and the Koch snowflake.
Dynamics of Students’ Career Choice: a Conceptual Framework–Based Qualitative Analysis Focusing on Primary Care
Authors: Pfarrwaller Eva , Maisonneuve Hubert , Laurent Camille , Abbiati Milena , Sommer Johanna , Baroffio Anne , Haller Dagmar M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Increasing primary care’s attractiveness as a career choice is an important task of socially accountable medical schools. Research has broadly studied influences on medical students’ career choice. However, a deeper understanding of the processes behind career decision-making could support medical schools in their efforts to promote primary care careers.

Objective
To explore the dynamics of career choice during medical school with a focus on primary care, based on a previously developed conceptual framework.

Approach
Qualitative study using a phenomenological, inductive-deductive approach

Design and Participants
Individual interviews were conducted from May 2019 to January 2020 with 14 first-year postgraduate trainee physicians, graduates of the Faculty of Medicine in Geneva, Switzerland, purposively sampled based on their interest in primary care during undergraduate studies. The interview guide was developed to elicit narratives about career-related decision-making. Two authors coded the transcripts. Thematic analysis alternated with data collection until thematic saturation was reached. Emerging themes were discussed and refined within the research team.

Key Results
Two main themes emerged: (1) developing professional identity, expressed as a changing professional image from unprecise and idealistic to concrete and realistic; priorities changed from content-based to lifestyle-based preferences; (2) individual trajectories of career-related decision-making, determined by different stages of refining professional interests; students navigated this process by employing various strategies, ranging from active exploration to passive behaviors.

Conclusions
This study’s narrative approach illustrates the dynamic nature of career choice and refines elements of a conceptual framework previously developed by the authors. Its findings underline the importance of exploration, for which personal experiences and observations of physicians’ work are crucial. To advance efforts to make primary care a more attractive career, students must be sufficiently exposed to primary care in a safe and individualized environment and should be supported in all stages of their career choice process.
Exploratory analyses of treatment subgroup interaction by PD-L1 status and according to PD-L1 expression in the JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial
Authors: Climent Miguel Ángel , Álvarez Carlos , Morales Rafael , Maroto Pablo , Rodríguez-Vida Alejo , Méndez-Vidal María José , del Muro Xavier García , Puente Javier , Láinez Nuria , Vázquez Sergio , Castellano Daniel , Lang Carmen Gómez , Wang Jing , di Pietro Alessandra , Davis Craig , Sanz-Castillo Belén , Bolós M. Victoria , Valderrama Begoña P. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Post hoc analysis of the JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial of avelumab maintenance in locally advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC) to determine the interaction by programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) status for overall survival (OS), and additional analyses of survival per a different PD-L1 expression cutoff of ≥ 1% in tumor cells or immune cells (TC/IC).

Methods
JAVELIN Bladder 100 data were used for the analysis of the interaction by PD-L1 status (per cutoff used in the trial) for OS and, additionally, OS and progression-free survival (PFS) analyses per a different ≥ 1% TC/IC PD-L1 expression cutoff (Ventana SP263 assay).

Results
No significant interaction between treatment and PD-L1 status was observed for OS. Clinically meaningful and robust survival data were observed in favor of avelumab using the different ≥ 1% TC/IC PD-L1 expression cutoff.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate the benefit of avelumab maintenance in la/mUC regardless of PD-L1 expression, consistent with approved labels.
Relationship of personality traits with degree of subjective learning and satisfaction in different class formats among Japanese university students
Authors: Yamamoto Mana , Tokita Gaku , Sato Yusuke , Fukami Masashi , Takashina Terue 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent shift to online instruction, many universities have been exploring hybrid approaches that leverage the benefits of both face-to-face and online learning. In this study, we examined the relationship of personality traits with degree of subjective learning and satisfaction in different class formats among Japanese university students. The results revealed that loneliness and extraversion were associated with evaluations of face-to-face classes, while self-control, anxiety about conversations with classmates, and anxiety about speaking and giving presentations were associated with evaluations of real-time interactive classes. Computer anxiety and anxiety about speaking and giving presentations were related to evaluations of on-demand classes. These findings suggest that the different personality traits of university students may influence their degree of subjective learning and satisfaction depending on the class format.