bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health care provider payment schemes across nine Central and Eastern European countries – a comparative analysis
Authors: Ndayishimiye Costase , Tambor Marzena , Behmane Daiga , Dimova Antoniya , Džakula Aleksandar , Dūdele Alina , Erasti Barbora , Gaál Péter , Habicht Triin , Hroboň Pavel , Murauskienė Liubovė , Palicz Tamás , Scîntee Silvia Gabriela , Šlegerová Lenka , Vladescu Cristian , Dubas-Jakóbczyk Katarzyna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Health care provider payment schemes consist of a complex set of arrangements used to influence provider behavior towards specific health policy objectives. The study aimed at: 1) providing a structured, comparative overview of current payment methods in selected Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries for different health care providers; 2) identifying and comparing major changes in payment schemes since 2010. Methods included: 1) development of a theoretical framework and data collection form; 2) desk research; 3) national experts’ consultations; 4) comparative analysis. The results indicate that the nine CEE countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, and Romania) show numerous similarities in provider payment method mix and in the general direction of the changes conducted in this field since 2010. Output-based payment methods prevail across all countries and types of providers. Primary health care (PHC) providers are characterized by the most diverse payment method mix, while both PHC and hospital inpatient care have experienced the most substantial changes in their payment schemes within the last 13 years. The most frequently conducted changes focused on modifying existing payment methods (e.g. detailing payment categories), and applying additional methods to pay for specific services or performance (e.g. fee-for-service, bonus payments). The objectives of conduced change were often similar, thus, there is high potential for a shared, cross-country learning.
Irrational beliefs are associated with the experience of negative feelings in positive situations. The role of biased positive appraisals in mixed feelings
Authors: Tiba Alexandru , Drugaș Marius , Sîrbu Ioana , Trip Simona , Bora Carmen , Miclăuș Daiana , Voss Laura , Sanislav Ioana , Rat Lavinia , Borz Feliciana , Petriuc Rafaela , Domuta Miruna , Pop Simona 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Appraisals are important processes involved in both healthy and pathological emotional experiences. Realistic appraisals are required for healthy positive and negative emotions. Instead, biased appraisals are involved in cognitive vulnerability to emotional disorders. We examined a specific type of biased appraisal, irrational beliefs, and their relationships with the experience of negative and neutral feelings, along with positive feelings in positive situations. 115 participants imagined eight positive situations and endorsed their ratings and appraisals of the situations and feelings they would experience in each situation. Correlation and mediation analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between biased appraisals and negative, neutral, and mixed feelings in response to positive situations. Results showed that participants who react to positive situations by endorsing high levels of biased appraisals reported experiencing more mixed feelings in positive situations. We also observed that mixed feelings are inversely related to functional positive feelings in positive situations. This research is the first to evidence irrational beliefs as a specific type of biased appraisal process involved in the experience of mixed feelings. Suggestions for the processes involved in well-being, the negative effects of positive fantasies, and mixed emotions are made.
Green preparation and evaluation of anti-psoriatic activity of vesicular elastic nanocarriers of kojic acid from Aspergillus oryzae N12; repurposing of dermo-cosmetic lead
Authors: Moussa Ashaimaa Y. , Abbas Haidy , Zewail Mariam , Gaafar Passent M.E. , Ibrahim Nehal 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Psoriasis is a skin disorder characterized by impaired epidermal differentiation that is regularly treated by many systemic drugs with numerous side effects. Our present work aims to investigate an efficient topical bio-friendly vesicular system loaded with kojic acid as an alternative way for the management of psoriasis to avoid systemic toxicity. To achieve our goal, kojic acid was isolated from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus oryzae N12 obtained from the stems of Tecomaria capensis (Bignoniaceae). Kojic acid-loaded spanlastics were prepared by ethanol injection technique; employing span 60 along with birj35 and cremophor rh40 as edge activators with the complete in vitro characterization of kojic acid-loaded spanlastics. The optimal formulation displayed spherical morphology under transmission electron microscopy, optimum particle size of 234.2 ± 1.65 nm and high entrapment efficiency (87.4 ± 0.84%). The selected formulation demonstrated significant sustained drug release compared with the drug solution. Kojic acid-loaded spanlastics demonstrated superior relief of psoriasis symptoms and the ability to maintain healthy skin with the least changes in mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines compared to kojic solution in vivo studies. Moreover, in vivo, histopathological studies confirmed the safety of topically applied spanlastics. Concisely, our results suggest that a topically applied vesicular system loaded with kojic acid could lead to expansion in the dermo-cosmetic use of kojic acid as a natural bio-friendly alternative for occasionally used systemic anti-psoriatic drugs.
The Role of Spectral Resonance Imaging in The Diagnosis and Evaluation of Various Brain Lesions
Authors: ALRefaei Mohamad , khattab Khalid , tarabishi Siham 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is a recently discovered safe diagnostic tool, which measures the concentration of metabolites in brain tissues and lesions studied by magnetic resonance.
Objective: To highlight and activate this modern diagnostic procedure and benefit from it in diagnosing brain tumors, white matter lesions, studying tumor necrosis cases, radiation necrosis, and other brain lesions.
Study
Method: This technique was adopted at Al-Mouwasat University Hospital starting from 2010 and the study was conducted as a complementary study to solve many neurological diagnostic dilemmas. The study was conducted in the Radiology Department at Al-Mouwasat University Hospital and some cases from private hospitals in Damascus city in cooperation with the Neurology and Neurosurgery departments. The study is based on performing an MRI then determining the region for which we perform Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy that shows brain metabolites such as Choline - Creatine - Alanine - N-acetyl aspartate - Lactate - Lipids, and others.
Results: Through the follow-up of clinical cases and the application of different spectral diagram analysis, an increase in the diagnosis of tumorous and non-tumorous brain lesions was noticed with very high diagnostic accuracy especially in evaluating cases after surgical intervention and radiation therapy. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy technique has boosted the diagnosis of gliomas to 88%, and also the measurement of Choline value can be relied upon in confirming the diagnosis of brain tumors as it increases by 88% and helps in evaluating tumor necrosis after intervention. The study was conducted on the Lactate metabolite where its severe increase was noticed in cases of cerebral infarction to a rate exceeding 90% and it increases by 78% from cases of cerebral impairment due to oxygen deficiency.
Conclusion: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy is an important and effective diagnostic tool in evaluating neurological lesions. It was adopted globally and applied on a limited scale in Damascus city and was activated in the MRI unit and Radiology department at Al-Mouwasat University Hospital. The aim of this study is to highlight it and draw the attention of clinicians in order to reach a certain or accurate diagnosis for cases and various diagnostic dilemmas for the benefit of patients and to alleviate the burden on surgeons and clinicians.
Secondary polycythemia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Alsagheer Besher Mhd Badr , Kanawati Masa Mhd Radwan , Ali Diaa Haj , Al-Bardan Hussam 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: Secondary polycythemia is an important complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, also it is very significant to search for the causes of the disease and how to treat it by treating the obstructive pulmonary cause. It is a renaissance in the world of medicine that expands our horizons of research and thinking about the pulmonary origin as a cause of one of the most important blood lesions in public. We can combat it and modify its patterns before it occurs in the first place.
Materials and methods: A cohort study was conducted in Damascus Hospital in the Syrian Arab Republic in the city of Damascus from April 2023 to November 2023.
The study included all patients admitted to the Thoracic Internal Medicine Department and suffering from COPD. All patients presenting with other problems, anemia, and other hematological diseases were excluded
Results: A sample of 149 patients with COPD participated in the study, the majority were males with a percentage of 77.9%, the largest percentage were from the group of (56-70) years with a percentage of 61.1%, 94% of the total participants were smokers, and the most risk factor was Biofuels 23.5%.
The predominant symptom was dyspnea from the third grade and it was seen in 91.3%, the presence of secondary polycythemia was seen in 34%, hypoxia in 78%, and smoking in 94%
Conclusion: Giving chronic obstructive pulmonary disease special importance in terms of management and limiting its spread contributes effectively to reducing the severity of the disease and thus alleviating its consequences, especially secondary polycythemia, as it is a fundamental cause of its occurrence.
Optimization of Tissue Culture Medium for Little-leaf Mockorange (Philadelphus microphyllus A. Gray) by Adjusting Cytokinin and Selected Mineral Components
Authors: Khajehyar Razieh , Tripepi Robert , Love Stephen , Price William J. 
Published: December 2023

Little-leaf mockorange is a native plant species with desirable characteristics for landscape use. The need to conserve specific genotypes and the difficulty of seed propagation and stem cutting propagation make axillary shoot micropropagation a good option for this species. A series of experiments were completed individually with the goal to improve in vitro propagation protocols by evaluating different types of cytokinins [benzylaminopurine (BA), kinetin (Kin), zeatin (Zea), meta-topolin (MT), and thidiazuron (TDZ)] at 0, 1.1, 2.2, 4.4, or 8.8 µM. Selected minerals (0 to 60 mM or 0 to 45 mM N, 0 to 500 µM or 0 to 100 µM Fe, 0 to 3 mM Ca, 0 to 1.5 mM Mg, or 0 to 1.25 mM P) were also tested separately in the tissue culture medium; the base medium was ½ strength MS in these mineral experiments. At the end of each experiment (8 or 12 weeks), plant growth characteristics including number of axillary shoots, shoot height, and dry weight were determined. Of the six cytokinins tested, Zea produced the largest increase in shoot growth. Supplementation with 1.1 µM Zea resulted in the most shoot dry weight, almost 2.5-fold more than control shoots. Shoots on 0.55, 1.1, or 2.2 µM Zea were at least 64% taller than control shoots. Shoots placed on regular ½ strength MS basal salts, described above, and/or media lacking the nutrient of interest, were used as a positive and negative control treatments. For each separate mineral tested, the best concentration for optimum shoot growth was the concentration of that mineral used in ½ strength MS medium. A medium containing mineral concentrations of 30 mM N, 50 µM Fe, 1.5 mM Ca, 0.75 mM Mg, and 0.625 mM P, and 1.1 µM Zea should be used to produce the optimum in vitro shoot growth of little-leaf mockorange.
The Pragmatism of Polyphenols and Flavonoids Application as Drugs, from an
Academic Lab to a Pharmacy Shelf
Authors: Woźniak-Budych Marta , Bajek Anna , Kowalczyk Oliwia , Giamberini Marta , Montornes Josep M. , Staszak Katarzyna , Tylkowski Bartosz 
Published: December 2023

Abstract:
Polyphenols and flavonoids, naturally occurring compounds found abundantly in plants, have
gained considerable attention in recent years due to their potential health benefits. Research exploring their
bioactive properties has revealed promising therapeutic applications in various diseases. This article aims to
provide a comprehensive overview of the intricate journey from academic laboratory discoveries to the availability
of polyphenols and flavonoids as drugs on pharmacy shelves. It was shown that the transformation of these
natural compounds into effective therapies is a promising avenue for enhancing human health. Yet, fully realizing
this potential necessitates sustained scientific exploration, cross-disciplinary collaboration, and continued
investment in research and development. This article underscores the importance of sustained collaboration
and investment as key pillars of progress towards innovative and effective therapies.
Chemical Probes Review: Choosing the Right Path Towards Pharmacological Targets in Drug Discovery, Challenges and Future Perspectives
Authors: Ahuja Ashima , Singh Sonia , Murti Yogesh 
Published: December 2023

:
Chemical probes are essential for academic research and target validation for disease
identification. They facilitate drug discovery, target function investigation, and translation studies.
A chemical probe provides starting material that can accelerate therapeutic values and safety
measures for identifying any biological target in drug discovery. Essential read outs depend on
their versatility in biochemical testing, proving the hypothesis, selectivity, specificity, affinity
towards the target site, and valuable in new therapeutic approaches. Disease management will
depend upon chemical probes as a primitive tool to ascertain the physicochemical stability for in
vivo and in vitro studies useful for clinical trials and industrial application in the future. For cancer
research, bacterial infection, and neurodegenerative disorders, chemical probes are integrated
circuits which are on pipeline for the drug discovery process Furthermore, pharmacological modulators
incorporate activators, crosslinkers, degraders, and inhibitors. Reports accessed depend on
their structural, mechanical, biochemical, and pharmacological characterization in drug discovery
research. The perspective for designing any chemical probes concludes with the utilization of
drug discovery and identification of the potential target. It focuses mainly on evidence-based
studies and produces promising results in successfully delivering novel therapeutics to treat cancers
and other disorders at the target site. Moreover, natural product pharmacophores like rapamycin,
cephalosporin, and β-lactamase are utilized for drug discovery. Chemical probes revolutionize
computational-based study design depending on identifying novel targets within the
database framework. Chemical probes are the clinical answers for drug development and goforward
tools in solving other riddles for scientists and researchers working in this industries.
Vyadhi-Kshamatava: An Immunotherapeutic Concept in Ayurveda
Authors: Singh Rashmi , Sharma Alok 
Published: December 2023

Abstract:
Ayurveda mainly focuses on treating diseases which aims at disease prevention. According
to ayurveda, a disease is caused by inappropriate intellect, constitution, moral conduct,
karma, and inappropriate contact with sensory perceptions such as sound, touch, vision, taste,
and smell. These factors influence how diseases present themselves, whether they are mild, severe,
acute, chronic, easily treatable, or incurable. The concept of "Vyadhikshamatva" in Ayurveda
represents the fundamental principles of immunity. Ayurveda uses the terms "Vyadhi" and
"Kshamatva" to describe illness and adaptation, respectively. According to Ayurveda, an imbalance
in the Doshas leads to the development of diseases. In Ayurveda, immunity is referred to as
"Vyadhikshamatva" and according to ayurvedic biology, Vyadhikshamatva can be correlated
with the concept of immunity. Sahaja bala, Kalaja and yuktikrita bala refer to innate immunity
and acquired immunity. The current work is focused on the concept of immunity in ayurveda.
Various literatures have been collected from various sources such as ancient textbooks and references
to highlight ayurvedic immunity concept and the management of disease by executing different
ayurvedic principles. The result highlights the concept of Vyadhikshamatva as mentioned
in Ayurvedic text which is considered Immunity. Therefore, the present work could contribute to
ayurvedic biology and explore the concept of Vyadhikshamatva with the immunity in future.
In silico Molecular Docking of SARS-CoV-2 Surface Proteins with
Benzimidazole Scaffolds: Strategy to Discover Lead Compounds
Authors: Meghani Monika , Sharma Shikha , Kumar Nitin , Sahoo Biswa Mohan 
Published: December 2023

Background:
The severe acute respiratory illness that was brought on because of the
outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection has been designated as a public
health emergency of worldwide concern. There is an immediate and pressing need to establish an
effective therapeutic strategy to bring infections under control. COVID-19 viral spike glycoproteins and proteases both play important roles in the process of viral entrance as well as in the process of virus reproduction.

Methods:
Benzimidazole derivatives show antiviral activity against various RNA and DNA viruses
and stop the early viral replication cycle. Based on this information, we designed eighteen new
benzimidazole derivatives and screened them against the proteins S-glycoprotein 6VSB and papain-like protease 6W9C using molecular docking studies. Compounds that bind strongly to these
proteins were evaluated again in an in vitro study.

Results:
When docked with SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, the binding affinity of R1 and R7
was –7.1 kcal/mol and -7.3 kcal/mol, respectively. This showed that they might be able to stop the
SARS spike protein from binding to the ACE2 receptor on the human host, making it harder for the
virus to get into the cells. The binding affinity of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease with R4, R14,
and R15 was –6.7 kcal/mol, -6.5 kcal/mol, and –6.5 kcal/mol, respectively. COVID-19 could stop
the protease from working by binding it.

Conclusion:
It was suggested, on the basis of the binding energy score, that these pharmacologically potent benzimidazole derivatives may be tested against SARS-CoV-2 and utilized in the production of efficient antiviral medicines
The Interweaving of Pain and Perfection: A Qualitative Inquiry about the
Experiences of Pregnant Women during Pregnancy and Childbirth in the
COVID-19 Pandemic in Iran
Authors: Parandeh Akram , Nehrir Batool , Salaree Mohammad Mehdi , Larki Mona , Makvandi Somayeh , Karimi Leila 
Published: December 2023

Background:
The prevalence of the COVID-19 pandemic has made the pleasant experiences of pregnancy and childbirth for women a source of fear and anxiety.

Objective:
To explore the experiences of pregnant women during pregnancy and childbirth in the
COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
This qualitative conventional content analysis was conducted in Tehran, Iran, in May and
June 2020. The 15 participants were selected via purposeful sampling including: 12 pregnant women, 2 relatives, and one nurse. Data were collected using in-depth and semi-structured interviews and
the analysis adopted by Graneheim and Lundman (2004). MAXQDA version 12 was used for data
organization.

Results:
According to the findings, 12 sub-categories, 6 categories, and one theme were extracted.
The main theme that was derived from the analysis of the data was " the interweaving of pain and
perfection". The categories include "emotional disorders", "obsessive disorders", "psychological
disorders", "strengthening the dimension of spirituality" "the need for more support resources", and
"inadequacy in presenting the role of motherhood.

Conclusion:
According to the experiences of pregnant women during pregnancy and childbirth during the outbreak of COVID-19, social, psychological, and emotional support through family and
healthcare providers is recommended, as is the formation of virtual counseling groups to answer the
questions of pregnant women. Health policymakers and decision-makers can use the results of this
research to plan for providing services for pregnant women during future pandemics.
Apakah Risiko ESG Berkaitan dengan Risiko Perusahaan?
Authors: Firmansyah Amrie , Kharisma Andy Novendra , Amalia Rizky 
Published: December 2023

Selama beberapa tahun terakhir, telah terjadi lonjakan minat terhadap isu-isu lingkungan, sosial, dan tata kelola (ESG). Integrasi ESG telah menjadi aspek penting dalam pengambilan keputusan investasi. ESG merupakan faktor non keuangan yang menjadi perhatian bagi investor terkait dengan kondisi perusahaan. Perusahaan yang mengungkapkan aktivitas ESGnya menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan memiliki risiko ESG yang rendah dan sebaliknya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh risiko ESG terhadap risiko perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data laporan keuangan tahun 2022 perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dan memiliki skor risiko ESG oleh lembaga penilai yaitu Morningstar Sustainalytics pada tahun 2022. Data laporan keuangan perusahaan diperoleh dari www.idx.co.id, sedangkan data risiko ESG diperoleh dari https://finance.yahoo.com/. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 76 observasi berdasarkan purposive sampling. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda untuk data cross-section. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa risiko ESG tidak berpengaruh terhadap risiko perusahaan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa informasi ESG bukan merupakan informasi yang penting dalam menilai kondisi perusahaan di pasar modal.
Evaluation of Modified Shell Technique in 3D Ridge Reconstruction: A Clinical and Radiographic Study
Authors: Richa Ramy , Osman Essam , Attia Nahed , Arakji Hani , Shokry Mohamed 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: As a result of tooth loss, alveolar ridge resorption sacrifices bone volume including bone width. In order to replace the lost dentition with implants functionally and esthetically, bone augmentation procedures are carried out.
Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients were selected to treat mandibular alveolar ridge resorption with an autogenous block graft harvested using piezoelectric surgical tips and split into two shells using a diamond disk then fixated on the decorticated defective ridge. Particulate xenograft bovine bone was then inserted between the fixated shell and ridge, the second shell was used to roof the bone particles.
Results: The modified shell technique could be an alternative to other ridge augmentation techniques. This study shows promising clinical and radiographic results that carry the advantages of being: safe and precise cutting using Piezoelectric tips, the statistical data showed a significant difference in 3D bone volume where no unfavorable complication was detected.
Conclusion: The modified shell technique showed a reliable technique in cases of 3D ridge reconstruction since it holds the advantages of autogenous bone properties and the rigidity of the bone shells that maintain the space necessary for augmentation. The use of PRF can accelerate wound healing and minimize the risk of flap dehiscence as well as it can speed up bone formation.