bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality and exercise participation across the breast cancer experience
Authors: Rhodes Ryan E. , Courneya Kerry S. , Bobick Todd M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality and exercise participation across the breast cancer experience. Based on the Five‐Factor Model and previous exercise research, it was hypothesized that high scores of extraversion (E) and conscientiousness (C), and low scores of neuroticism (N) would discriminate exercise stage during and following cancer treatment as well as changes in exercise stage across the cancer experience (i.e. from prediagnosis through treatment to posttreatment). Participants were 175 non‐metastatic breast cancer survivors who completed a mailed questionnaire that assessed demographic and medical information, personality (the NEO‐Five Factor Inventory), and exercise stage recalled for three time periods (prediagnosis, during treatment, and posttreatment). Multivariate analysis of variance showed differences in personality based on exercise stage both during cancer treatment and posttreatment and also for exercise pattern across the cancer experience. Univariate F‐tests and post hoc analyses identified N, E, and C as the key personality dimensions. N was associated with earlier exercise stages and a maladaptive exercise pattern whereas E and C were associated with more advanced exercise stages and adaptive exercise patterns. It was concluded that personality may be an important determinant of exercise following breast cancer diagnosis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effectiveness of relaxation training in reducing treatment‐related symptoms and improving emotional adjustment in acute non‐surgical cancer treatment: a meta‐analytical review
Authors: Luebbert Karin , Dahme Bernhard , Hasenbring Monika 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCancer patients often have to deal with severe side effects and psychological distress during cancer treatment, which have a substantial impact on their quality of life. Among psychosocial interventions for reducing treatment‐related side effects, relaxation and imagery were most investigated in controlled trials. In this study, meta‐analytic methods were used to synthesize published, randomized intervention–control studies aiming to improve patients' treatment‐related symptoms and emotional adjustment by relaxation training. Mean weighted effect sizes were calculated for 12 categories, treatment‐related symptoms (nausea, pain, blood pressure, pulse rate) and emotional adjustment (anxiety, depression, hostility, tension, fatigue, confusion, vigor, overall mood). Significant positive effects were found for the treatment‐related symptoms. Relaxation training also proved to have a significant effect on the emotional adjustment variables depression, anxiety and hostility. Additionally, two studies point to a significant effect of relaxation on the reduction of tension and amelioration of the overall mood. Intervention features of the relaxation training, the time the professional spent with the patient overall (intervention intensity) and the schedule of the intervention (offered in conjunction with or independent of medical treatment to the cancer patient) were relevant to the effect of relaxation on anxiety. The interventions offered independently of medical treatment proved to be significantly more effective for the outcome variable anxiety. Relaxation seems to be equally effective for patients undergoing different medical procedures (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, hyperthermia). According to these results relaxation training should be implemented into clinical routine for cancer patients in acute medical treatment. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensory and affective dimensions of advanced cancer pain
Authors: Sela Rami A. , Bruera Eduardo , Conner‐spady Barbara , Cumming Ceinwen , Walker Candace 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe present study was designed to explore the extent to which advanced cancer pain is explicable in terms of both physical pain intensity and affect. Most notably, it expanded on previous findings by more clearly elucidating the relationship between several discrete emotional states and the total experience of cancer pain. One hundred and eleven patients with cancer pain attending a Pain and Symptom Control Clinic were studied. Visual Analogue Scales (VASs) were used to quantify overall pain intensity and the accompanying affect. Then, correlations were calculated to evaluate the relationships both between and within these two variables. Overall, the participants rated both the pain intensity and the negative affect associated with that pain as high. Of the examined affective components of pain, frustration and exhaustion were found to be the most significant. In addition, some gender differences were identified in terms of frustration, anger, fear, exhaustion, helplessness, and hopelessness. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The first year after breast cancer diagnosis: hope and coping strategies as predictors of adjustment
Authors: Stanton Annette L. , Danoff‐burg Sharon , Huggins Melissa E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGiven the marked individual variability in psychological adjustment in response to breast cancer, it is important to specify factors contributing to adaptive survivorship. This longitudinal study of 70 women with Stage I or II breast cancer tested the ability of situation‐specific coping strategies and a more stable attribute, hope, to predict adjustment prospectively from the point shortly following diagnosis through the first year. Consonant with previous studies, coping through active acceptance at diagnosis predicted more positive adjustment across time, and avoidance‐oriented coping predicted greater fear of cancer recurrence, over and above participant age and initial status on dependent variables. The hypothesis that coping through turning to religion would be more effective for less hopeful women was supported, and mixed support emerged for the hypothesis that approach‐oriented coping strategies would yield greater adaptational benefits for women high in hope. Findings suggest that risk and protective factors for adjustment across the first year of survivorship can be identified even prior to definitive surgery for breast cancer, particularly when both dispositional characteristics such as hope and situation‐specific coping strategies are considered. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climate and the limits of permafrost: a zonal analysis
Authors: Smith M. W. , Riseborough D. W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper defines the climatic and environmental conditions that determine the limits and continuity of permafrost occurrence, in the Canadian context. The analysis utilizes a functional model that links air, surface and permafrost temperature through seasonal surface transfer functions and subsurface thermal properties. The temperature of permafrost (TTOP) results from the interplay between the air temperature, the nival (snow) offset and the thermal offset. These offset values vary systematically and geographically with freezing and thawing indices, snow cover conditions and ground thermal properties. These effects are analysed by calculating offset and TTOP values using Canadian climate station data for air temperature and snowfall. Whilst permafrost is ultimately a climatic phenomenon, the ground thermal conductivity ratio, via the thermal offset, is shown to be the critical factor in determining the southernmost extent of (discontinuous) permafrost. In contrast, snow cover, via the nival offset, is the critical factor in determining the northern limit of discontinuous permafrost (i.e. southern limit of continuous permafrost). Calculated TTOP values increase gradually southwards towards the limit of permafrost occurrence, as the effect of a rising mean annual air temperature (MAAT) is counteracted by an increasing thermal offset. This results in a diffuse geographical transition in the disappearance of permafrost. In contrast, there is a more abrupt transition to continuous permafrost at the northern limit of the discontinuous zone, associated with geographical changes in snow cover and the associated nival offset. The transition from discontinuous to continuous permafrost occurs between a MAAT of −6° to −8°C. This may explain the air temperature limit for continuous permafrost cited by previous authors. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of inspiratory flow limitation in children with sleep‐disordered breathing by a nasal cannula pressure transducer system
Authors: Serebrisky Denise , Cordero Romulo , Mandeli John , Kattan Meyer , Lamm Carin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA nasal cannula pressure transducer system identifies inspiratory flow limitation and increased upper airway resistance in adults with sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether nasal cannula pressure (NCP) detects apneas and hypopneas as well as additional flow‐limited events associated with increased airway resistance in children. We studied NCP in 47 patients (ages 2–14 years) referred for SDB to a university‐based sleep disorders program during nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG).During NPSG, airflow was assessed simultaneously by thermistor and NCP. There was a high correlation between apneas assessed by thermistor (T) and NCP (r = 0.90, P < 0.0001), and for hypopneas using these two methods (r = 0.94, P = 0.0001). Respiratory driving pressure was indirectly measured with an esophageal pressure catheter. Flow‐limited (flattened) NCP waves were associated with significantly higher driving pressure, indicating elevated upper airway resistance, compared to nonflow‐limited (rounded) waves during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) (P = 0.05) and rapid eye movement (REM) (P = 0.01) sleep. Patients were classified as either having obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) or primary snoring, based on standard NPSG criteria. NCP identified additional respiratory events with a flattened contour (FC) not detected by thermistor.NCP is a noninvasive device that identifies obstructive apneas and hypopneas as well as additional respiratory events associated with flow limitation in children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 33:380–387. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of nebulized epinephrine versus salbutamol in hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis
Authors: Bertrand Pablo , Araníbar Hector , Castro Edelmira , Sánchez Ignacio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe enrolled 30 infants (median age 3 months, range 1–12 months), hospitalized for bronchiolitis in a randomized double‐blind trial, to examine the efficacy and safety of nebulized epinephrine compared to salbutamol. Once admitted, patients were treated with either nebulized 0.5 mg of an 0.1% epinephrine solution (0.5 mL in 3.5 mL normal saline (NS)) or 2.5 mg nebulized salbutamol (0.5 mL in 3.5 mL NS). They were evaluated daily before and after nebulization until discharge. The outcome measures used were: baseline clinical score (based on respiratory rate, subcostal retraction, presence of wheezing, and O2 requirement), change in clinical O2 score after nebulization, duration of O2 therapy, and duration of hospitalization.A significant improvement in the clinical score was noted on the first day of hospitalization in subjects receiving epinephrine (P = 0.025); that change was not seen in those on salbutamol (P = 0.6). Nebulized epinephrine decreased the baseline clinical score faster than salbutamol (P = 0.02), though on the fourth study day there was no significant difference between the two scores. On the fourth and fifth days of study there were more patients hospitalized in the salbutamol group than in the epinephrine group (P = 0.03 vs. P = 0.025). No adverse effects were associated with nebulized therapy.We conclude that nebulized epinephrine is a more effective agent than salbutamol in the initial treatment of bronchiolitis and is equally safe. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 31:284–288. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Renal failure and vestibular toxicity in an adolescent with cystic fibrosis receiving gentamicin and standard‐dose ibuprofen
Authors: Scott Christy S. , Retsch‐Bogart George Z. , Henry Marianna M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGentamicin and standard‐dose ibuprofen were administered to an adolescent with cystic fibrosis who developed renal failure and severe vestibulotoxicity. A contributing factor was possible suboptimal intravascular volume status. Because of the potential severity of this drug interaction, hydration status and renal and vestibular functions should be closely monitored in patients receiving ibuprofen and intravenous aminoglycosides concomitantly. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 31:314–316. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anti‐inflammatory effects of macrolides in lung disease*
Authors: Jaffé Adam , Bush Andrew 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDuring the past five decades there has been increasing interest in the potential anti‐inflammatory effects of macrolide antibiotics. Low‐dose macrolide therapy has dramatically increased survival in patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis, a disease with many similarities to cystic fibrosis (CF). This has led to further investigation into the potential use of macrolides in chronic lung diseases with an inflammatory component. This review summarizes the proposed anti‐inflammatory mechanisms for this group of antibiotics, and examines the effect of macrolides on modulation of the inflammatory pathways, neutrophil function, bronchoconstriction, Pseudomonas biofilm, mucus rheology, bacterial adherence, and multidrug‐resistant protein. It discusses the current status of clinical studies in children with CF, bronchiectasis, and asthma. While there are much in vitro data for different proposed anti‐inflammatory effects, randomized controlled clinical trials in children with CF, bronchiectasis, and asthma are still just beginning. The benefits and potential side effects need to be determined before routine use can be advised. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 31:464–473. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐3 induces early apoptosis in malignant prostate cancer cells and inhibits tumor formation in vivo
Authors: Devi Gayathri R. , Sprenger Cynthia C. , Plymate Stephen R. , Rosenfeld Ron G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsulin‐like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP‐3) levels are significantly reduced in malignant prostate epithelial cells. In this study, we evaluated the role of endogenous IGFBP‐3 on prostate cancer cell growth and tumorigenesis.METHODSIGFBP‐3 was re‐expressed by stable transfection of human IGFBP‐3 cDNA in a model of human prostate cancer, M12, a malignant subline in which IGFBP‐3 levels are undetectable in comparison to the parent epithelial cell, P69. Effect of IGFBP‐3 re‐expression (M12‐BP‐3) on growth kinetics, morphology, propensity to apoptosis, and in vivo tumor formation were studied.RESULTSM12‐BP‐3 cells secreted IGFBP‐3 and growth arrested at a cell density that was threefold lower than control cells and this was associated with marked alteration in cell morphology. Control cells when grown in conditioned media secreted by M12‐BP‐3 also showed altered morphology compared to when cultured in IGFBP‐3‐immunodepleted conditioned media. The M12‐BP‐3 clones showed altered mitochondrial membrane potential, increased PARP cleavage, increase in sub‐G1 peak, decreased levels of neuron specific enolase, and decreased tumor formation in athymic, nude mice.CONCLUSIONSThese data suggest that IGFBP‐3 induces early apoptosis and has potential tumor suppressive effect in prostate cancer. Prostate 51: 141–152, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A potential autocrine pathway for growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and its receptor in human prostate cancer cell lines
Authors: Chopin Lisa K. , Herington Adrian C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have shown that GHRH antagonists inhibit prostate tumour growth and IGF‐II production both in vivo and in vitro. The mechanism underlying these observations is unknown, but may involve an interaction with a prostatic GHRH receptor (GHRH‐R), raising the possibility of an autocrine pathway for the GHRH axis in the prostate.MethodsGHRH and GHRH‐R mRNA expression was examined by RT‐PCR in human prostate cancer cell lines, and the authenticity of PCR products was confirmed by Southern analysis and cDNA sequencing. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to examine the expression of GHRH protein in prostate cancer cell lines.ResultsGHRH‐R (mRNA) and GHRH (mRNA and protein) are co‐expressed in the ALVA‐41, DU145, LNCaP and PC3 human prostate cancer cell lines.ConclusionsThese observations suggest the presence of an intact prostatic GHRH autocrine pathway which may stimulate prostate cell proliferation. This pathway may be disrupted by GHRH antagonists. Prostate 49:116–121, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monophyly of class I aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, USPA, ETFP, photolyase, and PP‐ATPase nucleotide‐binding domains: implications for protein evolution in the RNA world
Authors: Aravind L. , Anantharaman Vivek , Koonin Eugene V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractProtein sequence and structure comparisons show that the catalytic domains of Class I aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases, a related family of nucleotidyltransferases involved primarily in coenzyme biosynthesis, nucleotide‐binding domains related to the UspA protein (USPA domains), photolyases, electron transport flavoproteins, and PP‐loop‐containing ATPases together comprise a distinct class of α/β domains designated the HUP domain afterHIGH‐signature proteins,UspA, andPP‐ATPase. Several lines of evidence are presented to support the monophyly of the HUP domains, to the exclusion of other three‐layered α/β folds with the generic “Rossmann‐like” topology. Cladistic analysis, with patterns of structural and sequence similarity used as discrete characters, identified three major evolutionary lineages within the HUP domain class: the PP‐ATPases; the HIGH superfamily, which includes class I aaRS and related nucleotidyltransferases containing the HIGH signature in their nucleotide‐binding loop; and a previously unrecognized USPA‐like group, which includes USPA domains, electron transport flavoproteins, and photolyases. Examination of the patterns of phyletic distribution of distinct families within these three major lineages suggests that the Last Universal Common Ancestor of all modern life forms encoded 15–18 distinct α/β ATPases and nucleotide‐binding proteins of the HUP class. This points to an extensive radiation of HUP domains before the last universal common ancestor (LUCA), during which the multiple class I aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases emerged only at a late stage. Thus, substantial evolutionary diversification of protein domains occurred well before the modern version of the protein‐dependent translation machinery was established, i.e., still in the RNA world. Proteins 2002;48:1–14. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prediction of coordination number and relative solvent accessibility in proteins
Authors: Pollastri Gianluca , Baldi Pierre , Fariselli Pietro , Casadio Rita 
Published: August 2002

AbstractKnowing the coordination number and relative solvent accessibility of all the residues in a protein is crucial for deriving constraints useful in modeling protein folding and protein structure and in scoring remote homology searches. We develop ensembles of bidirectional recurrent neural network architectures to improve the state of the art in both contact and accessibility prediction, leveraging a large corpus of curated data together with evolutionary information. The ensembles are used to discriminate between two different states of residue contacts or relative solvent accessibility, higher or lower than a threshold determined by the average value of the residue distribution or the accessibility cutoff. For coordination numbers, the ensemble achieves performances ranging within 70.6–73.9% depending on the radius adopted to discriminate contacts (6Å–12Å). These performances represent gains of 16–20% over the baseline statistical predictor, always assigning an amino acid to the largest class, and are 4–7% better than any previous method. A combination of different radius predictors further improves performance. For accessibility thresholds in the relevant 15–30% range, the ensemble consistently achieves a performance above 77%, which is 10–16% above the baseline prediction and better than other existing predictors, by up to several percentage points. For both problems, we quantify the improvement due to evolutionary information in the form of PSI‐BLAST‐generated profiles over BLAST profiles. The prediction programs are implemented in the form of two web servers, CONpro and ACCpro, available at http://promoter.ics.uci.edu/BRNN‐PRED/. Proteins 2002;47:142–153. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural analysis, identification, and design of calcium‐binding sites in proteins
Authors: Yang Wei , Lee Hsiau‐Wei , Hellinga Homme , Yang Jenny J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAssigning proteins with functions based on the 3‐D structure requires high‐speed techniques to make a systematic survey of protein structures. Calcium regulates many biological systems by binding numerous proteins in different biological environments. Despite the great diversity in the composition of ligand residues and bond angles and lengths of calcium‐binding sites, our structural analysis of 11 calcium‐binding sites in different classes of proteins has shown that common local structural parameters can be used to identify and design calcium‐binding proteins. Natural calcium‐binding sites in both EF‐hand proteins and non‐EF‐hand proteins can be described with the smallest deviation from the geometry of an ideal pentagonal bipyramid. Further, two different magnesium‐binding sites in parvalbumin and calbindinD9K can also be identified using an octahedral geometry. Using the established method, we have designed de novo calcium‐binding sites into the scaffold of non‐calcium‐binding proteins CD2 and Rop. Our results suggest that it is possible to identify calcium‐ and magnesium‐binding sites in proteins and design de novo metal‐binding sites. Proteins 2002;47:344–356. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is it a paradox or misinterpretation?
Authors: Cai Yu‐Dong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe paradox recently raised by Wang and Yuan (Proteins 2000;38:165–175) in protein structural class prediction is actually a misinterpretation of the data reported in the literature. The Bayes decision rule, which was deemed by Wang and Yuan to be the most powerful method for predicting protein structural classes based on the amino acid composition, and applied by these investigators to derive the upper limit of prediction rate for structural classes, is actually completely the same as the component‐coupled algorithm proposed by previous investigators (Chou et al., Proteins 1998;31:97–103). Owing to lack of a complete or near‐complete training data set, the upper limit rate thus derived by these investigators might be both invalid and misleading. Clarification of these points will further stimulate investigation of this interesting area. Proteins 2001;43:336–338. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.