bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indoor Impact Event Localization via Velocity and Energy Ratio Mapping Function in Dispersive Media
Authors: Gothard Andrew T. , Anton Steven R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this study, a new algorithm is proposed to improve impact event localization for vibration-based smart building applications. Vibration-based smart building systems, which use floor-mounted accelerometers, have the potential to be a less intrusive way to monitor building occupants. Vibration-based localization algorithms typically use a time or energy-based approach or a combination of the two. Time-based approaches rely on time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) calculations and can have large errors due to the variability of the wave velocity through the floor. The variability in wave velocity is caused by the dispersive properties of concrete, wave reflections from walls, and discontinuities in the floor structure such as beams under the floor. Energy-based localization methods have been shown to overcome the problem of variable wave velocity by using an exponential decay model of the generated wave energy to predict the location of an impact. Previous energy-based methods have been shown to give sub-meter accuracy for measurement systems with accelerometers mounted on the surface of the floor as well as systems with accelerometers mounted under the floor. However, available energy-based methods are limited to exponential decay models, which are only applicable to homogeneous floor structures. Supporting floor structures, such as beams, and walls create inhomogeneities, which cause the wave to decay differently in each direction and require a more complex model to describe. This work proposes a new velocity and energy ratio mapping (VERM) localization algorithm to overcome this limitation. The VERM algorithm computes ratios of response energy between pairs of sensors for impact locations across the floor structure to be monitored and uses the resulting energy ratio maps to find potential impact locations. The VERM algorithm predicts a final impact location using velocity maps to compare estimated TDOA values to the TDOA value of the measured signal. Experimental validation of the method is performed by collecting hammer impact data from 70 locations in a classroom within the Lab Science Commons Building at Tennessee Technological University from three under-floor-mounted sensors and creating the energy ratio maps. Results of this study show that the VERM algorithm has an accuracy, average distance error, and maximum distance error of 77.14%, 1.89 ft, and 12.34 ft, respectively. Additionally, the results show that the algorithm produces a set of potential locations where at least one potential location is correct 90% of the time showing the algorithm can be improved to have higher accuracy.
Vortex Intensification of a Triboelectric Nanogenerator Array for Water Energy Harvesting
Authors: Li Zhongjie , Wang Chenyu , Gong Ying , Zhou Yuan , Wang Biao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As a promising renewable energy source in nature, water wave energy in oceans is abundant but hard to scavenge. Toward harvesting water wave energy efficiently, this paper reports a cylinder array structure with triboelectric nanogenerators for any position. Each array element is composed of a cylinder, a cantilever beam, and an energy conversion unit. When the cylinder is in water flow field, the vortex shedding occurs, leading to vibration of the cylinder. The vibration is amplified by the cantilever and transferred to the energy conversion unit. The relative motion of a sliding block along a guide rail to the frame of a case in the energy conversion unit achieves energy harvesting via triboelectric effect. With an appropriate arrangement of the array, vortex resonance occurs in the device and the vortex intensification effect shredded from the upstream cylinder elicits the resonance of the downstream cylinders to a higher degree. The finite element analysis is conducted to explain the vortex resonance and vortex intensification effect for the device. Besides, the influence diameters of the cylinder, the array arrangement and water flow speed on the displacement response and converted power for the structure is elaborately elucidated. Compared to the single cylinder, the upstream wake flow intensification effect increases the converted power of downstream cylinder in 6-2 array up to 2.6 W (163% higher) at the flow speed of 0.6 m/s. This work provides a novel angle for vortex-induced vibration energy harvesting based on array-type triboelectric nanogenerators.
Polymeric Ionic Electrolytes Vs. Liquid Ionic Electrolytes in Thin-Film Supercapacitors Integrated in Highly Complex Aerospace Structures
Authors: Geier Sebastian , Petersen Jan , Krasmann Christian , Ray Apurba , Saruhan Bilge 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The latest fear of energy shortage drives the research of highly efficient energy storage and applications with the lowest possible consumption. A lot of research is currently done to develop more powerful and efficient batteries. However, due to the chemical storage processes their lifetime is limited to less than 30000 cycles. In contrast, supercapacitors, as a second way of energy storage, use reversable physical processes for energy storage, allowing more than 1 million cycles. Therefore, they can be considered as maintenance-free and are ideal candidates for being integrated within composite structures.
In this publication, semi-finished thin-film supercapacitors are integrated into fiber reinforced plastics composites by autoclave processing. The supercapacitors are manufactured using aluminum collectors with activated carbon. As standard ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide is used on the one hand as liquid and on the other hand as part of a polymeric electrolyte. Intensive electro-mechanical characterizations of the multifunctional composites are carried out. The reduction of parasitic masses and reproducible results are aims of this screening. It can be shown that the electrical conductivity of the supercapacitor and the ionic conductivity between the electrodes play decisive roles. Furthermore, the exact processing of the polymeric electrolyte avoiding leakage into the composite is especially challenging.
Efforts to Standardize Uniaxial Tensile Testing of Well-Preserved Human Tissue
Authors: Fuentes Garcia Miguel A. , Wohlfert Abigail J. , Vranish Jennifer R. , Anton Steven R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The ability of traditional tensile tests to determine mechanical properties of human tissue can be affected by several factors, which may include failure within the clamping area of standard clamp designs. The use of custom-designed 3D printed clamps seems to provide success in preventing tissue failure and minimizing slippage during testing. Additionally, due to the nonhomogeneous characteristics of tissue, the mechanical properties often vary along the length of specimens, therefore a full-field measurement technique is required to capture the complete behavior of the tissue. Non-contact imaging techniques can be used to quantify full-field deformation during the test, allowing behavior to be quantified in different regions of the sample. Digital image correlation (DIC) is investigated in this work and is able to calculate strain by comparing successive images taken during the sample deformation. In order to measure changes in the pictures, the analyzed surface must have a well-defined high-contrast random pattern. Currently, methods for tensile testing of human tissues combined with DIC typically use an airbrush to create a random pattern on the tissue surface. Replication of this existing technique can be challenging based on the lack of control of the paint applied by the airbrush. This work presents an approach for tensile testing of well-preserved human tissue using 3D printed clamps and DIC. The samples investigated in this work include plantar fascia and Achilles tendons to analyze the performance of the proposed clamp design in thin and thick human tissue. The failure of thin and thick well-preserved human tissue was reached with a maximum load of 1124.9 N and 2167.08 N, respectively. The 3D printed clamps showed signs of clamping-related failure during the test even after increasing the infill percentage and adjusting the clamp layer orientation. The samples were dyed in methylene blue and painted with a user-defined random pattern. A custom resin roller generated by OpenSCAD was used to paint the surface of the plantar fascia allowing standardization of the creation of a random pattern on the sample surface. However, the curvature of the Achilles tendon in the most distal region where it attaches to the calcaneus bone (i.e. heel bone) precluded use of the roller. Therefore, a random pattern was hand-painted instead. The hand-painted random pattern had a performance similar to the pattern made by the resin roller which followed commercial roller characteristics. Results of this study can be used in the future to help standardize tensile testing techniques for mechanical evaluation of human tissue.
Programmable Bandgaps in Meta-Structures With Dynamic Vibration Resonators
Authors: Chavan Shantanu , Malladi Vijaya V. N. Sriram 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Elastic wave propagation is controlled using meta-structures with dynamic vibration resonators (DVRs). These meta-structures exhibit bandgaps whose location is determined by the attributes of the DVRs, especially their resonant frequency. However, in passive meta-structures, the bandgap location is fixed, which limits their ability to attenuate vibrations over a wide frequency range. To overcome this limitation, this study introduces a novel approach to achieve a wide programmable bandgap using a DVR with two states: high-frequency and low-frequency states.
A new n-bit nomenclature for the meta-structure is introduced to absorb vibrations over a wide frequency bandwidth by switching between various n-bit configurations. The programmability of these meta-structures is assessed, and the results are validated with experiments. This novel approach allows for a wide programmable bandgap, which significantly improves the effectiveness of meta-structures in attenuating vibrations and acoustics over a broad frequency range. In conclusion, this study presents a new approach to achieving programmable bandgap meta-structures with dynamic vibration resonators, which can significantly improve their ability to mitigate vibrations and sound in various applications, including transportation, buildings, and machinery. This innovation has the potential to address several engineering challenges and contribute to the development of more efficient and effective NVH systems.
Parametric-FEEL Algorithm: Developing a Parametric Vectorfitting Model for Event Localization in Calibrated Structures
Authors: Gupta Samikhshak , Gosavi Hrishikesh , Malladi Vijaya V. N. Sriram 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For smart structures, especially in the context of human activity, the force exerted and the location it happened is of significant relevance. This paper revisits and improves the performance in localizing and characterizing an input force with pre-calibrated structures through vibration measurement. The Force Estimation and Event Localization (FEEL) Algorithm have been discussed as a means of calculating the force of an impact and pinpointing its location. Unlike other time-of-flight approaches, FEEL does not require time synchronization, instead using transfer functions between possible impact locations and sensor locations to estimate force and localize impact. However, this approach is limited to locations where transfer functions are available. To overcome this limitation, a rowing hammer test was used to determine Frequency Response Functions (FRFs) at various points on a beam with a uniform rectangular cross-section. The Vector-Fitting algorithm was then used to improve the FRF approximation by moving poles to more advantageous locations, enhancing convergence, and lowering noise. Using the curve fitting approach, residues and FRFs were interpolated for additional locations. The extended FEEL algorithm was then used to localize impacts and estimate forces at these additional locations. This method can be used in applications such as tracking customer movement in retail establishments, detecting falls, tracking rehabilitation progress, and estimating building occupancy.
The dual role of TonB genes in turnerbactin uptake and carbohydrate utilization in the shipworm symbiont
Teredinibacter turnerae
Authors: Naka Hiroaki , Haygood Margo G. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Teredinibacter turnerae
is an intracellular bacterial symbiont that resides in the gills of shipworms, wood-eating bivalve mollusks. This bacterium produces a catechol siderophore, turnerbactin, required for the survival of this bacterium under iron-limiting conditions. The turnerbactin biosynthetic genes are contained in one of the secondary metabolite clusters conserved among
T. turnerae
strains. However, Fe(III)-turnerbactin uptake mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we show that the first gene of the cluster,
fttA
, a homolog of Fe(III)-siderophore TonB-dependent outer membrane receptor genes, is indispensable for iron uptake via the endogenous siderophore, turnerbactin, as well as by an exogenous siderophore, amphi-enterobactin, ubiquitously produced by marine vibrios. Furthermore, three TonB clusters containing four
tonB
genes were identified, and two of these genes,
tonB1b
and
tonB2
, functioned not only for iron transport but also for carbohydrate utilization when cellulose was a sole carbon source. Gene expression analysis revealed that none of the
tonB
genes and other genes in those clusters were clearly regulated by iron concentration while turnerbactin biosynthesis and uptake genes were upregulated under iron-limiting conditions, highlighting the importance of
tonB
genes even in iron-rich conditions, possibly for utilization of carbohydrates derived from cellulose.

IMPORTANCE

This study highlights diversity in iron acquisition and regulation in bacteria. The mechanisms of iron acquisition and its regulation in
Teredinibacter turnerae
, as well as its connection to cellulose utilization, a hallmark phenotype of
T. turnerae
, expand the paradigm of bacterial iron acquisition. Two of the four TonB genes identified in
T. turnerae
exhibit functional redundancy and play a crucial role in siderophore-mediated iron transport. Unlike typical TonB genes in bacteria, none of the TonB genes in
T. turnerae
are clearly iron regulated. This unusual regulation could be explained by another important finding in this study, namely, that the two TonB genes involved in iron transport are also essential for cellulose utilization as a carbon source, leading to the expression of TonB genes even under iron-rich conditions.
Experiences and perspectives of healthcare professionals, patients and caregivers toward the serious illness conversation guide: protocol for a qualitative meta-synthesis
Authors: Yang Liu , Zhu Nanxi , Wang Xianlin , Tan Jin , Chen Liuliu , Su Cui , Dong Tiaoxia , Long Bingjie , Qiu Yeyin , Deng Renli 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionExploring the experiences and perspectives of healthcare professionals, patients and caregivers toward serious illness conversations based on the Serious Illness Care Program is vital for improving communication with patients who are seriously ill, as has been shown in previous studies. However, few studies have carried out a systematic review to examine common themes, strengthen conclusions and identify gaps in the literature, the findings of which could help steer further research, policies and practice to improve more timely and person-centred conversations about the values and priorities of patients with serious illnesses. The objective of this qualitative meta-synthesis is to explore how healthcare professionals, patients and caregivers described their own experiences of the processes of serious illness communication through a secondary analysis of published qualitative data.Methods and analysisMeta-aggregation will be used to conduct a systematic review of qualitative studies. We conducted an initial search on 10 October 2023; papers published in English will be searched using electronic databases, including PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, Embase, Ovid and CINAHL. Studies that satisfy the eligibility criteria will be evaluated for methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. The meta-aggregative review will consist of the following: (1) extraction of findings of all included studies; (2) categorisation of the findings, with at least two findings per category; and (3) synthesis of one or more findings from at least two categories. Study eligibility screening, data extraction, analysis and JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research assessments will be undertaken independently by two authors.Ethics and disseminationSecondary data analysis of published literature does not require ethical approval. The results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and presented in conference papers and elsewhere.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022330859.
Self-reported and parent-reported mental health in children from low-income families in Agder, Norway: results from baseline measurements of New Patterns project participants
Authors: Bøe Tormod , Ostojic Helene Angelica , Haraldstad Kristin , Abildsnes Eirik , Wilson Philip , Vigsnes Kristine , Mølland Eirin 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundPoverty may pose risks to child and adolescent mental health, but few studies have reported on this association among children and adolescents in low-income families in Norway.MethodsBased on a sample participating in an intervention for low-income families in Norway, we report data from the survey administered at the start of the intervention. Mental health problems were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; self-report (SR) n = 148; parent/proxy-report (PR) n = 153, mean age = 10.8). Demographic and family characteristics were obtained from parent reported data. Results are presented by gender and migration background. Regression analysis was used to investigate the relative contribution of background factors to mental health symptoms. The distribution of scores is compared to UK norms.ResultsParticipants reported relatively high scores on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) Total Difficulties Scale (parent/proxy-report, PR mean=10.7; self-report, SR mean=10.1). Participants with non-immigrant backgrounds scored considerably higher on the Total Difficulties Scale (PR mean difference=2.9; SR 5.3) and on most other domains measured with the SDQ compared with their peers with immigration backgrounds. Participants generally scored higher than or equal to UK norms.ConclusionParticipants in the current study had many symptoms of mental health problems, with large differences between those with and without a migrant background. Interventions for low-income families should be based on detailed knowledge about differences in family risks, resources and needs.
Colonisation of Group BStreptococcusand its effects on pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women in Guangzhou, China: a retrospective study
Authors: Liu Yanxia , Liu Weiling , Zhuang Guiying , Liu Weiqi , Qiu Cuiqing 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesThis study was to investigate the colonisation rate of Group BStreptococcus(GBS) during pregnancy, and to evaluate the influence of GBS colonisation on pregnancy outcomes.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingData of 47 380 pregnant women from 2016 to 2022 were collected from the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Huadu District, Guangzhou City, China.ParticipantsA total of 15 040 pregnant women were eligible for this study, of which 32 340 were excluded due to non-native pregnant women, in vitro fertilization infants, malformed fetuses, habitual abortion, abortions due to poor reproductive or obstetrical history, artificial insemination, umbilical cord torsion, and other diseases during pregnancy.Primary outcome measuresThe incidence rates of GBS colonisation and premature delivery, fetal distress, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), low birth weight (LBW), abortion and stillbirth.ResultsOf the 15 040 pregnant women included in this study, 1445 developed GBS colonisation, with a prevalence of 9.61% (95% CI, 9.15 to 10.09). Advanced maternal age (≥35 years) predisposed women to GBS colonisation, and the occurrence of GBS colonisation varied among different ethnic groups. Our data revealed that fetal distress, PROM and LBW were more common in pregnant women colonised with GBS than in pregnant women not colonised with GBS. The incidence for premature delivery, fetal distress, PROM and LBW in infants of pregnant women colonised with GBS was 41.0% (OR=1.410, 95% CI, 1.134 to 1.753), 282.5% (OR=3.825, 95% CI, 3.185 to 4.593), 14.9% (OR=1.149, 95% CI, 1.005 to 1.313), and 29.7% (OR=1.297, 95% CI, 1.010 to 1.664), respectively.ConclusionsGBS colonisation was relatively low in pregnant women in Guangzhou. Women of advanced maternal age were more prone to GBS colonisation, and pregnant women colonised with GBS were more predisposed to fetal distress, PROM and LBW.
Nebulised 3% hypertonic saline versus 0.9% saline for treating patients hospitalised with acute bronchiolitis: protocol for a randomised, double-blind, multicentre trial
Authors: Szupieńko Sara , Buczek Aleksandra , Szymański Henryk 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionBronchiolitis is an acute viral infection of the lower respiratory tract. It is most commonly caused by respiratory syncytial virus. Being a common reason for hospitalisation, it affects 13–17% of all hospitalised children younger than 2 years. Only supportive therapy, including suctioning nasal secretions, water–electrolyte balance maintenance and oxygen supplementation when needed, is recommended. However, non-evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, including the use of inhaled bronchodilators, nebulised epinephrine, and nebulised and systemic steroids, are common. The inhalation of 3% hypertonic saline is not recommended in bronchiolitis management. However, a recently published meta-analysis revealed that the inhalation of hypertonic saline can reduce the risk of hospitalisation for outpatients with bronchiolitis, while resulting in a shorter length of hospital stay and reduced severity of respiratory distress for inpatients, although the evidence is of low certainty. We aim to assess the efficacy of nebulised hypertonic saline for the treatment of children hospitalised with bronchiolitis.Methods and analysisThis will be a randomised, double-blinded, parallel-group, controlled trial. Children younger than 2 years who are hospitalised due to bronchiolitis will be recruited from at least three paediatric departments in Poland. Bronchiolitis is defined as an apparent viral respiratory tract infection associated with airway obstruction that is manifested by at least one of following symptoms: tachypnoea, increased respiratory effort, crackles and/or wheezing. A total of 140 children will be randomised (1:1) to receive either hypertonic saline nebulisation (5 mL, three times a day) or normal saline at the same dose. The primary outcome measure will be the duration of hospitalisation.Ethics and disseminationThe Bioethics Committee of the Lower Silesia Medical Chamber in Wroclaw approved the study protocol (4/PNDR/2023). Caregivers will receive oral and written information about the study and written informed consent will be obtained by the study physicians. The findings of the study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal, and abstracts will be submitted to relevant national and international conferences.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT06069336).