bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respondents with more extreme views show moderation of opinions in multi-year surveys in the USA and the Netherlands
Authors: Klein Nadav , Stavrova Olga 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPeople with extreme political attitudes are often assumed to be more resistant to change than moderates. If this assumption is true, extreme attitudes would ossify and continuously aggravate intergroup conflict and polarization. To test this assumption of stubborn extremists, we use large-scale panel surveys of attitudes towards policy issues and general ideologies across up to 13 years (combined N = 16,238). By tracking the same people across multi-year periods, we are able to ascertain whether extreme attitude holders exhibit less change in policy attitudes than moderates. The results revealed that extreme attitude holders are more likely to change their attitudes than moderates across various policy issues and general ideologies, and tend to directionally moderate over time. A final experiment finds that lay people incorrectly believe that extreme attitudes holders are more resistant to change, contrary to the results found here. We discuss the implications of this finding for understanding the evolution of extreme attitude holders, the misperception of ideological and policy differences, and the role of inaccurate out-group perceptions in shaping polarization and intergroup conflict.
Multipath target discrimination in human monitoring based on MIMO mmWave radar
Authors: Du Borui , Liu Shidong , Wei Shaoming , Su Junshi , Zhang Chi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo address the interference caused by multipath ghosts, this paper presents a multipath target discrimination method based on separated Gaussian similarity matrices. The proposed method utilizes separated Gaussian similarity functions based on the Maximum Likelihood principle to quantify the similarity from distance and angle perspectives. Meanwhile, dimensionality reduction is applied to maximize the distinction between multipath ghosts and actual targets. This method can effectively discriminate the multipath relationships and attributes of detected targets and has higher recognition accuracy than other geometry‐based methods. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method were validated through Monte‐Carlo and practical experiments.
Lane changing and keeping as mediating variables to investigate the impact of driving habits on efficiency: An EWM‐GRA and CB‐SEM approach with trajectory data
Authors: Wang Tianshi , Lu Huapu , Sun Zhiyuan , Wang Jianyu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper uses the Entropy Weight Method‐Grey Relational Analysis (EWM‐GRA) and Covariance Base Structural Equations Model (CB‐SEM) to study the relationships between driving habits and efficiency. EWM‐GRA ranks 12 indicators in terms of their relevance of lane‐changing and driving efficiency. Based on this, a CB‐SEM‐based framework to describe the relevance between driving habits and lane‐changing is established, focusing on the effects of lane‐changing and car‐following behaviour. To validate the established framework, NGSIM trajectory data is used as measurement variables to describe latent variables. Several hypotheses about the relationships between the latent variables in this framework are proposed, and they are verified using trajectory data. The results show that driving habits have a direct impact on efficiency, and this impact becomes more significant when associated with lane‐change behaviour.
High‐resolution inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging of satellites in space
Authors: Anger Simon , Jirousek Matthias , Dill Stephan , Kempf Timo , Peichl Markus 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn view of the increasing number of space objects, comprehensive high‐quality space surveillance becomes ever more important. Radar is a powerful tool that, in addition to detection and tracking of objects, also enables spatially high‐resolution imaging independent of daylight and most weather conditions. Together with the technique of Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR), very high‐resolution and distance‐independent two‐dimensional images can be obtained. However, advanced high‐performance radar imaging of space objects is a complex and demanding task, touching many technological and signal processing issues. Therefore, besides theoretical work, the Microwaves and Radar Institute of German Aerospace Center (DLR) has developed and constructed an experimental radar system called IoSiS (Imaging of Satellites in Space) for basic research on new concepts for the acquisition of advanced high‐resolution radar image products of objects in a low earth orbit. Based on pulse radar technology, which enables precise calibration and error correction, IoSiS has imaged space objects with a spatial resolution in the centimetre range, being novel in public perception and accessible literature. The goal of this paper is therefore to communicate and illustrate comprehensively the technological steps for the construction and successful operation of advanced radar‐based space surveillance. Besides the basic description of the IoSiS system design this paper outlines primarily useful theory for ISAR imaging of objects in space, together with relevant imaging parameters and main formulae. All relevant processing steps, necessary for very high‐resolution imaging of satellites in practice, are introduced and verified by simulation results. Finally, a unique measurement result demonstrates the practicability of the introduced processing steps and error correction strategies.
Distortion‐less carrier phase tracking space‐time adaptive processor based on power inversion criterion for GNSS anti‐jamming receiver
Authors: Wang Yaoding 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSpace‐time adaptive processor (STAP) has been widely used for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) anti‐jamming receiver due to its good anti‐jamming performance. When direction of satellite is unknown, STAP can be implemented based on power inversion (PI) criterion. However, existing space‐time PI algorithm will introduce tens to hundreds of degrees biases into carrier phase, and sometimes will even cause cycle slips, which will reduce the success rate of ambiguity resolution, ultimately deteriorating positioning accuracy. A distortion‐less carrier phase tracking space‐time PI algorithm is proposed. The main novelty is that the proposed algorithm keeps the coefficients of the temporal taps as real values by imposing constraints on the weights of the antenna array. Several experiments are implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. For comparison, the results of PI algorithm and minimum variance distortion‐less response (MVDR) algorithm are shown. Results show that when the number, style, and direction of interferences and the direction of GNSS signal vary, different degrees of biases are introduced into carrier phases for the PI and the MVDR algorithm. However, no bias is introduced into the proposed algorithm. As a result, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified.
Training in basic gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures: a European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (ESGENA) Position Statement
Authors: Antonelli Giulio , Voiosu Andrei M. , Pawlak Katarzyna M. , Gonçalves Tiago Cúrdia , Le Nha , Bronswijk Michiel , Hollenbach Marcus , Elshaarawy Omar , Beilenhoff Ulrike , Mascagni Pietro , Voiosu Theodor , Pellisé Maria , Dinis-Ribeiro Mário , Triantafyllou Konstantinos , Arvanitakis Marianna , Bisschops Raf , Hassan Cesare , Messmann Helmut , Gralnek Ian M. 
Published: December 2023

Main StatementsThis ESGE Position Statement provides structured and evidence-based guidance on the essential requirements and processes involved in training in basic gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic procedures. The document outlines definitions; competencies required, and means to their assessment and maintenance; the structure and requirements of training programs; patient safety and medicolegal issues.
1 ESGE and ESGENA define basic endoscopic procedures as those procedures that are commonly indicated, generally accessible, and expected to be mastered (technically and cognitively) by the end of any core training program in gastrointestinal endoscopy.
2 ESGE and ESGENA consider the following as basic endoscopic procedures: diagnostic upper and lower GI endoscopy, as well as a limited range of interventions such as: tissue acquisition via cold biopsy forceps, polypectomy for lesions ≤ 10 mm, hemostasis techniques, enteral feeding tube placement, foreign body retrieval, dilation of simple esophageal strictures, and India ink tattooing of lesion location.
3 ESGE and ESGENA recommend that training in GI endoscopy should be subject to stringent formal requirements that ensure all ESGE key performance indicators (KPIs) are met.
4 Training in basic endoscopic procedures is a complex process and includes the development and acquisition of cognitive, technical/motor, and integrative skills. Therefore, ESGE and ESGENA recommend the use of validated tools to track the development of skills and assess competence.
5 ESGE and ESGENA recommend incorporating a multimodal approach to evaluating competence in basic GI endoscopic procedures, including procedural thresholds and the measurement and documentation of established ESGE KPIs.
7 ESGE and ESGENA recommend the continuous monitoring of ESGE KPIs during GI endoscopy training to ensure the trainee’s maintenance of competence.
9 ESGE and ESGENA recommend that GI endoscopy training units fulfil the ESGE KPIs for endoscopy units and, furthermore, be capable of providing the dedicated personnel, infrastructure, and sufficient case volume required for successful training within a structured training program.
10 ESGE and ESGENA recommend that trainers in basic GI endoscopic procedures should be endoscopists with formal educational training in the teaching of endoscopy, which allows them to successfully and safely teach trainees.
Identification of Factor XIII β-Sandwich Residues Mediating Glutamine Substrate Binding and Activation Peptide Cleavage
Authors: Mohammed Rameesa D. Syed , Piell Kellianne M. , Maurer Muriel C. 
Published: December 2023

Background Factor XIII (FXIII) forms covalent crosslinks across plasma and cellular substrates and has roles in hemostasis, wound healing, and bone metabolism. FXIII activity is implicated in venous thromboembolism (VTE) and is a target for developing pharmaceuticals, which requires understanding FXIII – substrate interactions. Previous studies proposed the β-sandwich domain of the FXIII A subunit (FXIII-A) exhibits substrate recognition sites.
Material and Methods Recombinant FXIII-A proteins (WT, K156E, F157L, R158Q/E, R171Q, and R174E) were generated to identify FXIII-A residues mediating substrate recognition. Proteolytic (FXIII-A*) and non-proteolytic (FXIII-A°) forms were analyzed for activation and crosslinking activities toward physiological substrates using SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF MS.
Results All FXIII-A* variants displayed reduced crosslinking abilities compared to WT for Fbg αC (233 – 425), fibrin, and actin. FXIII-A* WT activity was greater than A°, suggesting the binding site is more exposed in FXIII-A*. With Fbg αC (233 – 425), FXIII-A* variants R158Q/E, R171Q, and R174E exhibited decreased activities approaching those of FXIII-A°. However, with a peptide substrate, FXIII-A* WT and variants showed similar crosslinking suggesting the recognition site is distant from the catalytic site. Surprisingly, FXIII-A R158E and R171Q displayed slower thrombin activation than WT, potentially due to loss of crucial H-bonding with neighboring activation peptide (AP) residues.
Conclusion In conclusion, FXIII-A residues K156, F157, R158, R171, and R174 are part of a binding site for physiological substrates [fibrin (α and γ) and actin]. Moreover, R158 and R171 control AP cleavage during thrombin activation. These investigations provide new molecular details on FXIII – substrate interactions that control crosslinking abilities.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 3′-Oleyl–Oligonucleotide Conjugates as Potential Cellular Uptake Enhancers
Authors: Fàbrega Carme , Eritja Ramon , Navarro Natalia , Serantes Sergio , Aviñó Anna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe field of therapeutic oligonucleotides has experienced significant growth in recent years, both in terms of approved drugs and those undergoing clinical trials. This expansion has transformed it into a rapidly evolving area of research. However, their cellular internalization remains a major limitation for the clinical application of oligonucleotides. To address this limitation, we report different strategies for the synthesis of specialized solid supports for the direct synthesis of 3′-oleyl-oligonucleotides by means of an l-threoninol derivative. A series of in vitro cell experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential of this strategy for enhanced cellular uptake. The results suggest that lipid conjugation enhances cellular uptake and facilitates oligonucleotide intracellular trafficking. Given these findings, the modification of therapeutic oligonucleotides through the attachment of lipidic moieties using a threoninol linker emerges as a valuable strategy to enhance their cellular internalization.
Squalene Biosynthesis in Engineered Escherichia Coli
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Yuan , Xie Li-Ping , Hu You-Jia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSqualene is a natural triterpenoid that is important in medicine, and daily-use chemical and nutraceutical industries. The demand for squalene remains high and constant. Shark liver oil is the source of the compound; however, the source is unsustainable due to the protection of the gradually extinct animal. This study aimed to construct an engineered Escherichia coli strain to produce squalene in a green and sustainable manner. In this study, the activity of several squalene synthases from different species was screened. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography were used for chemical structure identification. The mevalonate pathway (MVA) was constructed into BL21(DE3) to enhance the supply of farnesyl diphosphate to obtain squalene at a concentration of 69.3 mg/L. IspH was overexpressed in BL21(DE3) to decrease squalene production due to the accumulation of dimethylallyl diphosphate. By balancing the overexpression of ispH and ispG, the production of squalene increased to 298.3 mg/L. The genes of the MVA pathway were further separated upstream and downstream, and constructed into two plasmids with different origins to balance the metabolic flux. By optimizing the expression strength of genes in MVA and 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate pathway, an engineered strain was finally obtained with squalene production of 974.3 mg/L. By replacing chassis cell BL21(DE3) with XL1-Blue, squalene production was further increased to 1,274 mg/L.
Nasoenteric Tube Placement in Patients with Esophageal Varices: A Review of the Current Evidence and Society Guidelines
Authors: Qasim Agha Osama , Alsayid Muhammad , Reynolds Justin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEsophageal varices are a common complication of portal hypertension and variceal bleeding can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Hospitalized patients with cirrhosis might require nasoenteric tube (NET) placement, commonly for nutritional support and/or medication administration. However, the fear of causing massive variceal bleeding among clinicians might lead to hesitancy or complete avoidance of NET placement in patients who either have a known history of esophageal varices or are at risk to have them. Several experts and society guidelines addressed this concern with variable recommendations and degrees of evidence. In this article, we present an extensive review of the literature and latest society guidelines that address the safety of NET placement in patients with esophageal varices.
Gardner's Syndrome—A Case Report and Brief Literature
Authors: Shetty Mukul , Mahaveeran Shrivya Saloni , K. Arathi , Shetty Akhil 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGardner's syndrome has been recognized as a hereditary affliction that is autosomal in nature. This disorder is known to exhibit characteristics of familial adenomatous polyposis, of which it is also considered a variation. The features of this syndrome include the gradual development of osteomas and epidermoid cysts, including a characteristic feature that is the noted presence of intestinal polyps, which are generally multiple in number. Additionally, dental anomalies have been observed and recorded in a sizeable ratio of cases encompassing an increased frequency of multiple odontomas that are benign tumors linked to the development of a tooth and tooth agenesis/hypodontia that refers to developmental absence of one or more teeth. The other dental ascertainment includes abnormal morphology of the tooth/teeth as well as the presence of supernumerary teeth and impacted or unerupted teeth. This case report outlines the case of a 59-year-old male patient who had reported to the clinic, and was then diagnosed with Gardner's syndrome post a thorough examination. On radiographic examination, the manifestation of multiple osteomas in the frontal bone was revealed. The presence of a motley of diffused benign lesions of the bone in both the upper and lower jaw as well as the presence of an epidermoid cyst on the scalp was suggestive of an exemplar presentation of Gardner's syndrome.
Spleen-Derived CCL9 Recruits MDSC to Facilitate Tumor Growth in Orthotopic Hepatoma Mice
Authors: Li Baohua , Li Wenjuan , Liang Yingxue , Zhang Chen , Kong Guangyao , Li Zongfang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives Spleen is involved in multiple diseases, the role of the spleen and spleen-derived factors in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still not clarified.
Methods In the current study, a murine H22 orthotopic hepatoma model was established. Three groups were divided: normal mice, tumor-bearing mice with spleen-preserving, and tumor-bearing mice with splenectomy. Spleen and tumor weights were recorded by weeks 1 and 2. The proportion of myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) in peripheral blood and tumor tissue was detected using flow cytometry. Protein chip assay was used to compare the differential cytokines between normal liver supernatant and tumor supernatant. The common upregulated cytokines both in spleen and tumor were focused and analyzed using gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) database. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to verify the chip result, and to examine CCL9 expression before and after splenectomy. Spleen MDSC was sorted using flow cytometry, and chemotaxis assay was performed to demonstrate whether CCL9 attracted spleen MDSC.
Results The spleen enlarged during tumor progression, and compared with splenectomy group, there were faster tumor growth, shorter survival time, and higher proportions of MDSC in spleen-preserving group. Protein chip assay and GEPIA database revealed CCL9 was the most promising chemokine involved in HCC upregulated both in spleen and tumor tissue. CCL9 attracted MDSC in vitro, the level of CCL9 in tumor tissue was downregulated, and the percentage of MDSC was decreased after splenectomy.
Conclusion The results demonstrate that CCL9 may be derived from spleen; it facilitated HCC growth via the chemotaxis of MDSC, targeting CCL9 may be a promising strategy in HCC treatment.
Morphological awareness in arithmetic word-problem solving among Chinese early adolescents
Authors: Zhang Haomin , Xu Zhaohan , Xu Xiaoqian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe current study explored a specific reading subskill, morphological awareness, in arithmetic word-problem solving among Chinese early adolescent students (N = 668, mean age = 11.3 years). Participants completed measures of Chinese morphological awareness, receptive vocabulary as well as arithmetic word-problem solving. Drawing upon multivariate analyses (hierarchical multiple regression and path analysis), the study showed that morphological awareness facets collectively contributed to arithmetic word-problem solving above and beyond age and receptive vocabulary. More specifically, recognition and discrimination of compound words were uniquely associated with word-problem-solving skills. The current study highlights the uniqueness of Chinese morphological awareness in structural linguistic input, and the facilitative effect of morphological awareness on arithmetic problem-solving.
Segmental relaxation of sequence defined polymers
Authors: Bichler Karin J , Jakobi Bruno , Schneider Gerald J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The dynamical behavior of sequence defined polymers, P(CnEG4), was studied using dielectric spectroscopy showing one segmental relaxation in addition to a secondary relaxation. In case of segmental relaxation, the relaxation times strongly depend on the molecular weight at low temperatures, while at higher temperatures, unlike to linear homo polymers, this effect levels out. With increasing length of C-units, the segmental relaxation accelerates. This is also reflected in the glass transition temperature, extracted from dielectric spectroscopy. With increasing length of C-units the glass transition temperature decreases, compatible with the accelerated segmental relaxation.
Hierarchical spiking neural network auditory feature based dry-type transformer fault diagnosis using convolutional neural network
Authors: Zhao Hangyu , Yang Yong , Liu Houguang , Wang Jie , Wang Xiao , Yang Shanguo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Dry-type transformer fault diagnosis (DTTFD) presents a significant challenge because of its complex internal structure and sensitivity to noise. To address this challenge, we propose a DTTFD method that combines hierarchical spike neural network auditory features (HSNNAF) with convolutional neural networks (CNN). By leveraging the hierarchical structure of the central auditory system and sequential nonlinear feature extraction to compute the HSNNAF, we enhanced the relevant clues of transformer faults while removing non-fault source noise. Subsequently, the obtained HSNNAF were fed into a CNN for fault classification. The proposed method demonstrated high accuracy in DTTFD, with a diagnostic accuracy of 99.52%. Even at a signal-to-noise ratio of 0 dB, the diagnostic accuracy remains as high as 95.88%. These results indicate that the method can accurately diagnose faults in dry-type transformers while exhibiting excellent noise resistance capabilities.