bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significant Oxygen Underestimation When Quantifying Barium-Doped SrTiO Layers by Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Morris Richard J H , Lin Jhao-Rong , Scheerder Jeroen E , Popovici Mihaela I , Meersschaut Johan , Goux Ludovic , Kar Gouri Sankar , van der Heide Paul , Fleischmann Claudia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the capability for quantifying the composition of Ba-doped SrTiO layers from an atom probe measurement was explored. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and time-of-flight/energy elastic recoil detection were used to benchmark the composition where the amount of titanium was intentionally varied between samples. The atom probe results showed a significant divergence from the benchmarked composition. The cause was shown to be a significant oxygen underestimation (≳14 at%). The ratio between oxygen and titanium for the samples varied between 2.6 and 12.7, while those measured by atom probe tomography were lower and covered a narrower range between 1.4 and 1.7. This difference was found to be associated with the oxygen and titanium predominantly field evaporating together as a molecular ion. The evaporation fields and bonding chemistries determined showed inconsistencies for explaining the oxygen underestimation and ion species measured. The measured ion charge state was in excellent agreement with that predicted by the Kingham postionization theory. Only by considering the measured ion species, their evaporation fields, the coordination chemistry, the analysis conditions, and some recently reported density functional theory modeling for oxide field emission were we able to postulate a field emission and oxygen neutral desorption process that may explain our results.
Collaborative robots can augment human cognition in regret-sensitive tasks
Authors: Schlafly Millicent , Prabhakar Ahalya , Popovic Katarina , Schlafly Geneva , Kim Christopher , Murphey Todd D 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Despite theoretical benefits of collaborative robots, disappointing outcomes are well documented by clinical studies, spanning rehabilitation, prostheses, and surgery. Cognitive load theory provides a possible explanation for why humans in the real world are not realizing the benefits of collaborative robots: high cognitive loads may be impeding human performance. Measuring cognitive availability using an electrocardiogram, we ask 25 participants to complete a virtual-reality task alongside an invisible agent that determines optimal performance by iteratively updating the Bellman equation. Three robots assist by providing environmental information relevant to task performance. By enabling the robots to act more autonomously—managing more of their own behavior with fewer instructions from the human—here we show that robots can augment participants’ cognitive availability and decision-making. The way in which robots describe and achieve their objective can improve the human’s cognitive ability to reason about the task and contribute to human–robot collaboration outcomes. Augmenting human cognition provides a path to improve the efficacy of collaborative robots. By demonstrating how robots can improve human cognition, this work paves the way for improving the cognitive capabilities of first responders, manufacturing workers, surgeons, and other future users of collaborative autonomy systems.
Corporate Climate Risk: Measurements and Responses
Authors: Li Qing , Shan Hongyu , Tang Yuehua , Yao Vincent 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper conducts a textual analysis of earnings call transcripts to quantify climate risk exposure at the firm level. We construct dictionaries that measure physical and transition climate risks separately and identify firms that proactively respond to climate risks. Our validation analysis shows that our measures capture firm-level variations in respective climate risk exposure. Firms facing high transition risk, especially those that do not proactively respond, have been valued at a discount in recent years as aggregate investor attention to climate-related issues has been increasing. We document differences in how firms respond through investment, green innovation, and employment when facing high climate risk exposure.
Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in fruits and vegetables from retail and home gardens
Authors: Olanbiwoninu Afolake , Awotundun Theresa , Olayiwola John , Somorin Yinka 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Fruits and vegetables have been identified as vehicles for the transmission of pathogenic antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) microorganisms. This is of food safety concern, thus requiring continuous surveillance. This study aimed to profile AMR bacteria present in selected fruits and vegetables retailed in markets and from home gardens (HGs) in Oyo, Ogun, and Ekiti states, Nigeria. Watermelon, cucumber, tomato, and garden egg samples were collected and analyzed using standard microbiological procedures. The susceptibility of the isolates to eight antibiotics was determined. Multidrug-resistant isolates were screened for the presence of AMR genes by polymerase chain reaction. Fifty three bacteria were isolated and identified, belonging to the genera Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Listeria, Aeromonas, Enterobacter, Erwinia, Salmonella, Serratia, Shigella, and Vibrio. Thirty six (67.93%) isolates demonstrated phenotypic resistance to five of the eight antibiotics tested, being the most prevalent pattern observed. BlaTEM and blaCTX-M were detected in Salmonella enterica from retailed tomato, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, and erm(B) were detected in Listeria monocytogenes from retailed watermelon, blaSHV and blaCTX-M were detected in Bacillus cereus from retailed tomato, while blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, and erm(F) were detected in Staphylococcus aureus isolated in garden egg from HG. The presence of multidrug-resistant pathogens in fruits and vegetables could pose a huge food safety and public health risk.
Oxalate and oxalotrophy: an environmental perspective
Authors: Cowan Don A , Babenko Darya , Bird Ryan , Botha Alf , Breecker Daniel O , Clarke Cathy E , Francis Michele L , Gallagher Tim , Lebre Pedro H , Nel Teneille , Potts Alastair J , Trindade Marla , Van Zyl Lonnie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Oxalic acid is one of the most abundant organic acids produced by plants. Much of the global production of oxalic acid is deposited on soil surfaces in leaf litter to be oxidized by microorganisms, resulting in a pH increase and shifting the carbonate equilibria. In what is known as the oxalate-carbonate pathway, calcium oxalate metabolism results in CO2 being sequestered into soils as insoluble calcite (CaCO3). There is a growing appreciation that the global scale of this process is sufficiently large to be an important contribution to global carbon turnover budgets.
The microbiomics, genetics, and enzymology of oxalotrophy are all soundly established, although a more detailed understanding of the landscape-scale kinetics of the process would be needed to incorporate oxalotrophy as an element of process models informing the relevant Sustainable Development Goals. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of oxalotrophs and oxalotrophy and the role they play in terrestrial ecosystem services and functions in terms of carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling. We emphasize the relevance of these to the Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs) and highlight the importance of recognizing oxalotrophy, when accounting for the natural capital value of an ecosystem.
Fever in infants ages 8 to 60 days
Authors: Files Jared M. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Fever in infants under age 60 days is a leading cause of ED, urgent care, and primary care visits. Most infants present as well-appearing, and guidelines for the workup and appropriate management of these children have varied over the decades. Additionally, testing availability, accuracy, and changing bacterial prevalence patterns have rendered many guidelines obsolete. An updated guideline from the American Academy of Pediatrics provides a foundation for clinician evaluation of patients in this vulnerable age group.
Sublaminar Decompression and Fusion Versus Sublaminar Trimming Laminoplasty: A Retrospective Cohort
Authors: Khalid Saleh Mohammed , Selem Ali Elsayed Mohamed , Nafea Waleed Mohamed 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Many surgical options for treating lumbar degenerative disorders have been used to improve health related outcome of those patients. The aim of the study is to compare the functional and radiological outcome of the two techniques in management of Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).

Methods:
Sixty patients with Lumbar spinal stenosis were included in a retrospective cohort study at zagazig university hospital. The inclusion criteria were patients with single level LSS with back and /or leg pain with instability on dynamic radiology not responding to medical treatment. Patients were divided into two groups according to the method of treatment done. Group1 included patients with sublaminar trimming Laminoplasty. group 2 included patients with sublaminar decompression. (VAS) for back and leg pain and the (ODI) for the disability. we measured AP-thecal sac area, foraminal height and the thecal sac area for all patients (pre- and post-operative).

Results:
no difference in relation to demographic data nor in the diagnosis of the spinal stenosis. Group-2 had longer hospital stay. Both groups improved clinically postoperatively with no statistical difference between them. However, the rate of improvement in group-2 in relation to leg pain was better. Both groups improved radiologically, but AP-thecal sac area, foraminal height and the thecal sac area were much improved in group-2 (p-value<0.001).

Conclusion:
Sublaminar decompression can particularly achieve better central, foraminal and lateral recess decompression together with a better fusion rate and hence, can be used as alternative to different laminotomy decompression techniques for treating different lumbar degenerative disorders.
A Propensity-Score Matched Analysis of the Impact of Neoadjuvant Radiation Therapy on the Outcomes of Stage II-III Mucinous Rectal Carcinoma
Authors: Emile Sameh Hany , Horesh Nir , Freund Michael R. , Silva-Alvarenga Emanuela , Wexner Steven D. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
Patients with mucinous rectal carcinoma tend to present in advanced stage with a poor prognosis.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to assess the effect of neoadjuvant radiation therapy on outcomes of patients with stage II-III mucinous rectal carcinomas using data from the National Cancer Database.

DESIGN:
Retrospective analysis of prospective national databases.

PATIENTS:
Patients with mucinous rectal carcinoma.

SETTING:
National Cancer Database between 2004 and 2019.

INTERVENTION:
Patients who did or did not receive neoadjuvant radiation therapy were matched using the nearest-neighbor propensity-score method for age, clinical stage, neoadjuvant systemic treatment, and surgery type.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Main outcomes of the study were numbers of total harvested and positive lymph nodes, disease downstaging after neoadjuvant radiation, and overall survival. Other outcomes were hospital stay, short-term mortality, and readmission.

RESULTS:
A total of 3062 patients (63.5% male) with stage II-III mucinous rectal carcinoma were included, 2378 (77.7%) of whom received neoadjuvant radiation therapy. After 2:1 propensity-score matching, 143 patients in the no-neoadjuvant group were matched to 286 in the neoadjuvant group. The mean overall survival was similar (77.3 vs 81.9 months; p = 0.316). Patients who received neoadjuvant radiation were less often diagnosed with pT3-4 disease (72.3% vs 81.3%, p = 0.013) and more often had pathologic stage 0-1 disease (16.4% vs 11.2%, p = 0.001), yet with a higher stage III disease (49.7% vs 37.1%, p = 0.001). Neoadjuvant radiation was associated with fewer examined lymph nodes (median: 14 vs 16, p = 0.036) and positive lymph nodes than patients who did not receive neoadjuvant radiation. Short-term mortality, readmission, hospital stay, and positive surgical margins were similar.

LIMITATIONS:
Retrospective study and missing data on disease recurrence.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with mucinous rectal carcinoma who received neoadjuvant radiation therapy had marginal downstaging of disease, fewer examined and fewer positive lymph nodes, and similar overall survival to patients who did not have neoadjuvant radiation. See Video
Meshed Dermal Sling for Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Paganini Ferruccio , Bascialla Elisa , Corno Martina , Garutti Leonardo , Tellarini Annachiara , Cozzi Silvia , Buttarelli Francesco , Fasoli Veronica , Valdatta Luigi , Tamborini Federico 
Published: January 2024

Summary:
The best breast reconstruction solution after mastectomy remains a topic of wide debate. Recently, the focus in the field of implant-based reconstruction has been on the increasing indications for prepectoral reconstruction. This offers undoubted advantages over subpectoral reconstruction, ranging from better aesthetic results and patient comfort to a less invasive procedure that spares the pectoralis major muscle, reducing pain and postoperative recovery time. The dermal sling is a reconstructive variant introduced by Bostwick in the 1990s and is commonly used to complete the subpectoral pocket in one- or two-stage reconstruction, creating a dual-plane reconstruction. This method may be indicated after mastectomy for both therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. It can also be used for unilateral and bilateral reconstructions. We propose a new meshed dermal sling technique that allows complete prepectoral reconstruction without the use of acellular dermal matrix, thus reducing the cost of reconstruction. It also allows the indication for complete prepectoral reconstruction to be extended to patients with medium breast volume and grade 1 or 2 ptosis, without the need to use acellular dermal matrix or the pectoralis major muscle to complete the breast pocket.
Dietary patterns associated with hypertension among stroke-free indigenous Africans: insights from the Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network study
Authors: Okekunle Akinkunmi Paul , Asowata Osahon Jeffery , Akpa Onoja Matthew , Fakunle Adekunle Gregory , Bodunde Ifeoluwa , Komolafe Morenikeji , Arulogun Oyedunni , Sarfo Fred Stephen , Obiako Reginald , Osaigbovo Godwin , Ogbole Godwin , Bello Abiodun , Adeniyi Sunday , Calys-Tagoe Benedict , Appiah Lambert , Jenkins Carolyn , Oyinloye Olalekan , Dambatta Hamisu , Balogun Olayemi , Singh Arti , Olalere Abimbola , Mensah Yaw , Ogah Okechukwu S. , Ibinaiye Philip , Adebayo Oladimeji , Adebajo Olayinka , Adebayo Philip , Chukwuonye Ijezie , Akinyemi Rufus , Ovbiagele Bruce , Owolabi Mayowa ,   SIREN Investigators
Published: January 2024

Background:
The dietary factors associated with the high burden of hypertension among indigenous Africans remain poorly understood. We assessed the relationship between dietary patterns and hypertension among indigenous Africans.

Method:
In this study, 1550 participants with hypertension matched (for age: ± 5 years, sex and ethnicity) with 1550 participants without hypertension were identified from the stroke-free population in the Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network study in Ghana and Nigeria. Food consumption was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary information was summarized using principal component analysis to identify seven dietary patterns. Conditional logistic regression was applied to compute the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of hypertension by tertiles of dietary patterns adjusting for age, education, income, smoking, alcohol use, physical inactivity, family history of cardiovascular diseases, obesity and salt intake at a two-sided P less than 0.05.

Results:
Multivariable-adjusted OR [95% confidence interval (CI)] for risk of hypertension by second and third tertiles [using the lowest (first) tertile as reference] of dietary patterns were 0.62 (0.48–0.80), 0.70 (0.54–0.90) for whole grains and fruit drinks; 0.87 (0.68–1.12), 0.83 (0.64–1.08) for fruits; 0.85 (0.65–1.10), 0.97 (0.75–1.26) for vegetables, legumes and potatoes; 0.78 (0.60–1.00), 0.84 (0.65–1.08) for fried foods and sweetened drinks; 1.13 (0.88–1.45), 0.80 (0.62–1.03) for poultry product and organ meat; 1.11 (0.86–1.43), 0.88 (0.68–1.14) for red meat; and 1.14 (0.88–1.48), 1.09 (0.84–1.43) for processed foods (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
A higher adherence to dietary consumption of whole grains and fruits was inversely associated with low odds of hypertension in this population.
Associations between lipid-lowering drugs and pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Runfang , Zhao Jing , Li Li , Huo Yan 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
Mounting evidence has indicated that maternal dyslipidemia is associated with adverse obstetric outcomes, and the actions of lipid-lowering drugs in pregnant women remain controversial. Hence, this study aimed to appraise the causal relationship of lipid-lowering drugs [hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors, PCSK9 inhibitors, and NPC1L1 inhibitors] with pregnancy and perinatal outcomes using drug-targeting Mendelian randomization analysis.

Methods:
As a proxy for lipid-lowering drug exposure, two genetic instruments were used: genetic variants within or near the gene linked to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and the expression of quantitative trait loci of the drug target gene. Effect estimates were calculated using the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method and summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) method. Heterogeneity and pleiotropy were assessed by Mendelian randomization–Egger regression, the Cochran Q test, and MR-PRESSO analysis.

Results:
HMGCR inhibitors were ascribed to a reduced risk of preeclampsia in both the IVW-MR method [odds ratio (OR) 0.583; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.418–0.812; P = 0.001] and SMR analysis (OR 0.816; 95% CI 0.675–0.986; P = 0.036). The causal link between HMGCR inhibitors and offspring birthweight was statistically significant only in the analysis using the IVW method (OR, 0.879; 95% CI, 0.788–0.980; P = 0.020), and the combined results of the OR values supported the potential inhibitory effect of HMGCR inhibitors on offspring birthweight. Causal associations between lipid-lowering drugs and gestational diabetes, preterm birth, and congenital anomalies were not detected in either analysis.

Conclusion:
No causal associations were observed between lipid-lowering drugs and gestational diabetes, preterm birth or congenital anomalies, whereas genetically predicted HMGCR inhibition dramatically reduced the risk of preeclampsia but attenuated offspring birthweight.
Thickness of the Medial Pretarsal Adipose Tissue in the Upper Eyelid among the Japanese Population
Authors: Kalaczyńska Elżbieta , Fukushige Kaori , Umemoto Kanae , Wanibuchi Sora , Someda Steffani Krista , Takahashi Yasuhiro , Naito Munekazu 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
To investigate the medial pretarsal adipose tissue thickness of the upper eyelid in the Japanese population.

Methods:
Sixty-two whole upper eyelids were harvested from 35 Japanese cadavers and fixed in paraffin. The samples were cut into 5 µm sagittal microsections and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as Masson’s trichrome. Data obtained from images and measurements were taken with Aperio ScanScope and ImageScope software and underwent statistical analysis.

Results:
The samples were divided into 3 shapes sagittal cross-sections of the eyelid (triangular, rectangular, and flat) corresponding to the shape of the medial pretarsal adipose tissue. Type I (triangular shape, 48.4%) had a ratio of fat thickness at 1⁄2 tarsal height to peak fat thickness of <0.9, and type IIa (rectangular shape, 30.6%) and IIb (flat shape, 21.0%) had pretarsal adipose tissue thickness to tarsal height ratio of ≥0.2 and <0.2, respectively. The mean values of tarsal thickness at 1⁄2 tarsal height were 1021 µm for the type I group, 1100 µm for the type IIa group, and 764.4 µm for the type IIb group (p = 0.01). The mean values of fat thickness at 1⁄2 tarsal height were 410.6 µm for the type I group, 303.3 µm for the type IIa group, and 242.6 µm for the type IIb group (p = 0.26).

Conclusions:
The thickness of the medial pretarsal adipose tissue was different according to the shape of the sagittal cross-section of the eyelid. Awareness of the medial pretarsal adipose tissue thickness contributes to effective suture placement and safe suture depth during blepharoptosis surgery.
Seasonal Changes of Common Viral Infections in Children After Their Return to School During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Iñigo Melania , Svedin Daniela , Vacaroaia Alex , Pérez-García Alejandra , Lillo Cristina , Garrido Felipe 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction
During the COVID-19 pandemic, return of children and adolescents to schools and colleges, with infections preventive restrictions, occurred in September 2020. In spring 2021, these restrictions were lifted. In this context, health systems noticed an apparent change in the seasonality and epidemiology of common viral infections in both adult and pediatric populations.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the results of respiratory virus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) carried out on pediatric nasopharynx samples, tested with multiplex PCR assay to detect the presence of common respiratory viruses.

Results
We reviewed a total of 1338 PCR samples from our microbiology laboratory. After the return to school, the most frequently identified virus was rhinovirus-enterovirus (27.8%), followed by respiratory syncytial virus (21%). An increase of positive respiratory syncytial virus PCRs was detected out of its common epidemic period from spring to summer of 2021. A peak in influenza virus infections was observed between March and May 2022. The lifting of restrictions due to COVID-19 had a significant impact on the type of virus detected.

Conclusions
We conclude that with the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, the return to school of children and adolescents, and lifting of preventative restrictions, the circulation of common viruses within this age group increased gradually, showing an unusual delay and peaks outside its epidemic periods.