bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educational Communication for Adults in Quranic Literacy in East Kutai
Authors: Azhar Azhar , Aminah Siti , Mukhtar Mukhtar , Gumilang Randi Muhammad , Alfiyanto Afif 
Published: January 2024

In attempts to address issues in the realm of Islamic education, particularly at the adult community level, al-Quran literacy is frequently raised. Although adults are supposed to be reasonably literate in the Al-Quran, there is nevertheless a disconnect with the reality of societal conditions. It is important to give careful consideration to the process of teaching adults Al-Quran literacy through education. In order to provide individuals in East Kutai with an instructional communication method for Al-Quran literacy, this research attempts to do so. This study employs descriptive methodology and is classified as a qualitative study. According to the study's findings, adult education programs in Al-Quran literacy in East Kutai use persuasive, dialogic, and demonstrative communication styles. The government, social environment, and family environment all provide impetus for the Al-Quran literacy process. In terms of techniques, the iqro method is employed in the educational process to facilitate adult learners' comprehension of the Qur’an. In addition, an environment free from coercion and a feeling of community among adults without literacy in the Qur'an are supportive elements in the process of achieving Qur’an literacy. In the meantime, adult physical condition, a lack of infrastructure and support systems, and a comparatively short study period are the things impeding Al-Quran knowledge.
Quantitative Evaluation of Liquid Permeability in Cracked Oilwell Cement Sheaths
Authors: Alberdi-Pagola P. , Marcos-Meson V. , Ayache A. N. , Fischer G. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Understanding the consequences of cracking in oilwell cement sheaths is crucial to evaluating the leakage scenarios that can lead to sustained casing pressure. However, the theoretical equations commonly used to estimate flows and permeabilities tend to overestimate actual flow rates through cracks, primarily due to the omission of key factors such as crack tortuosity, surface roughness, and self-healing processes. Therefore, experimental methods are required to quantify the influence of these factors and define “empirical reduction factors.” Because each material exhibits its own unique effects on flow behavior, empirical reduction factors must be determined for each specific material, including oilwell cement. This paper presents a comprehensive procedure for systematically measuring flows, determining permeabilities, and evaluating self-healing processes in deliberately cracked cement specimens with controlled crack widths. The procedure considers pressure gradients and crack widths relevant to oilwell conditions aiming to contribute to the development of more accurate models and simulations for cemented oil wells.
Simulation of Filter-Cake Formations on Vertical and Inclined Wells Under Elevated Temperature and Pressure
Authors: Ramadan Ahmed M. , Osman Ahmed , Mehanna Ahmed , Shehata A. I. , Shehadeh Mohamed 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Drilling fluids consist of colloidal suspensions that are made up of solid particles suspended in liquid. The aqueous component of the drilling mud invades a permeable formation due to differential pressure, leaving solid deposits on the drilled formation walls, forming a filter cake. Typical drilling fluids should create a thin, slick filter cake and fluid loss control to seal permeable zones as swiftly as possible. Tight holes, elevated levels of rotational resistance and friction, wellbore obstruction, fluid loss into formations, suboptimal well-log data, and reservoir formation impairment result from thick filter cakes and excessive filtration. Controlling infiltration of fluids to establish a minimal, low-porosity filter cake is frequently required to avoid drilling and production issues. In this study, we used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to model the development of filter cakes induced by pipe rotation in vertical and inclined wellbore walls under elevated temperature and pressure during deep drilling. Multiple tests validate the basic model for application in both shallow and deep drilling operations. By use of an Eulerian-Eulerian approach to describe drilling fluids as a binary-phase system, including particles in suspension in the non-Newtonian fluid, our research investigates the power-law and Herschel-Bulkley rheological models. These models successfully predict the flow pattern of drilling fluid at the bottom region of deep drilling operations. The study further explores filter-cake formation by examining the influence of overbalanced pressure on filter-cake thickness at various pressures. Drilling simulations, incorporating pipe rotation and eccentricity effects under realistic operating parameters, accurately project filter-cake thickness, aligning closely with experimental measurements and existing CFD literature in this domain.
Prediction and experimental verification of field-enhanced molecular scattering in SEIRA spectroscopy
Authors: Virmani Divya , Maciel-Escudero Carlos , Hillenbrand Rainer , Schnell Martin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Field-enhanced molecular absorption is widely accepted as the origin of surface enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA). Here, we present an interpretation of SEIRA in form of a scattering process that identifies molecular scattering as the quantity that is measured in SEIRA. Molecular scattering – so far assumed to be negligible – is found to be enhanced by an extraordinary 13 orders of magnitude chiefly due to interference with the incident field (in case of SEIRA extinction spectra) or with the direct antenna scattered field (in case of SEIRA scattering spectra). It is shown that interferometric field-enhanced molecular scattering alone fully describes the magnitude and shape of vibrational lines in SEIRA extinction and scattering spectra. The results are supported by a near-field study that revealed that field-enhanced molecular scattering can be measured, yields a dispersive line shape and scales with the fourth power of the local field enhancement. As an application, a SEIRA modality achieving up to 53% molecular contrast is demonstrated.
Diversity of growth responses of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans isolates to essential oils
Authors: Helmer Štěpán , Pánek Matěj 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans causes yellow wilt, a serious cabbage disease. This fungal species is composed of many strains within two pathotypes. In this study, the inhibitory effect of six essential oils from aromatic and edicinal plants (oregano, thyme, clove, cinnamon, lemongrass, litsea) at several concentrations on eight isolates of different origin. was investigated. Our results showed that oregano essential oil had the greatest inhibitory effect. The tested essential oils can be divided into three groups according to the similar content of their main components (oregano and thyme, clove and cinnamon, lemongrass and litsea), which correlates to some extent with their inhibitory effects. The tested isolates were also differed in their response to the studied essential oils. The differences inside the race were more important than between races and that fungal isolates sensitivity against EOs seems to be more related to the geographical origin of the isolates, rather than to their race affiliation.
A singlet-triplet hole-spin qubit in MOS silicon
Authors: Liles Scott , Halverson Daniel , Wang Zhanning , Shamim Aaquib , Eggli Rafael , Jin Ik Kyeong , Hillier Joe , Kumar Krittika , Vorreiter Isaac , Rendell Matthew , Huang Jonathan Yue , Escott Christopher , Hudson Fay , Lim Wee Han , Culcer Dimitrie , Dzurak Andrew , Hamilton Alex 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Developing a full-scale quantum computer will require a technology platform that allows effective control over individual qubits and their coupling, while also enabling the ability to scale to many millions of qubits. Tremendous progress has been made using silicon-based qubits1–9, which offer high accuracy qubit operations and flexible control of qubit couplings. However, the most advanced silicon qubits incorporate microwave antennae10 or micromagnets11 for qubit control. Both these approaches involve integration of large components, which presents challenges for scaling up. While recent approaches such as performing on-demand electric spin control12 or implementing dielectric resonators13 show promise for overcoming the scale-up challenge, these methods are still in development. Here we show a silicon qubit that allows all the desirable qubit features to be incorporated within scalable CMOS platform. The hole-based qubit uses planar MOS layout, enabling a straightforward route for scaling to large arrays of coupled qubits14 in a geometry that satisfies error correction architectures15–17. We demonstrate hole qubit operation times as short as 3 ns and coherence times up to 1.3 μs. Two-axis qubit control is achieved using only baseband voltage pulses, providing a scalable control protocol without the need for GHz tones. Moreover, the qubit operates at extremely low magnetic fields (<5 mT), which are compatible with magnetic-sensitive components18–21. This advance in CMOS silicon-based qubit design paves the way for more efficient and scalable quantum computing architectures.
The effect of green stormwater infrastructures in urban tier human thermal comfort—a case study in high-density urban blocks
Authors: Xu Haishun , Hong Yating , Zhang Jinguang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Using green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) is the main method of greening and cooling high-density blocks. Many studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of a single GSI on thermal comfort on sunny days. However, GSI often occurs in combinations, and assessment of GSI cannot ignore the effect of rainwater on the thermal comfort improvement. Therefore, based on measured data of a real urban area of Nanjing, China, this study used 45 GSI single and combination simulation scenarios and three local climate zone (LCZ) baseline scenarios to compare and analyze three high-density blocks in the city. The physiological equivalent temperature (PET) was calculated using the ENVI-met specification to evaluate outdoor thermal comfort. The study produced the following results. (1) To improve outdoor thermal comfort, compact high-rise and mid-rise areas require more abundant GSI combinations, but only using a single GSI can have a good effect in compact low-rise area. (2) In extreme high-temperature weather, rainfall is a necessary condition for improvement of thermal comfort by GSI, and complex GSI can extend the thermal comfort improvement time following rainfall by more than 1 hour. (3) To improve the thermal comfort of a potential area of outdoor crowd activity to the greatest extent, shading and tree setting should be added based on the premise of increasing the combinations of GSI, and the efficiency of improvement can reach as high as 54.23%. The results of the study indicated that future GSI construction in high-density blocks should focus on different combinations of GSI based on different LCZs. This conclusion provides a reference for other regions in Southeast Asia, where GSI construction systems should be studied and formulated in accordance with different LCZs.
Development of a prediction model of conversion to Alzheimer’s disease in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: the statistical analysis plan of the INTERCEPTOR project
Authors: Lombardo Flavia L. , Lorenzini Patrizia , Mayer Flavia , Massari Marco , Piscopo Paola , Bacigalupo Ilaria , Ancidoni Antonio , Sciancalepore Francesco , Locuratolo Nicoletta , Remoli Giulia , Salemme Simone , Cappa Stefano , Perani Daniela , Spadin Patrizia , Tagliavini Fabrizio , Redolfi Alberto , Cotelli Maria , Marra Camillo , Caraglia Naike , Vecchio Fabrizio , Miraglia Francesca , Rossini Paolo Maria , Vanacore Nicola 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
In recent years, considerable efforts have been directed towards the research and development of disease-modifying therapies for dementia. These drugs focus on prodromal (Mild Cognitive Impairment, MCI) and/or early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Evidence from literature demonstrates that a considerable proportion of MCI subjects never progress to dementia. Therefore it is of utmost importance to identify those individuals who are at a higher risk of developing dementia.
Methods
The ongoing INTERCEPTOR study is a multicenter, longitudinal, interventional, non-therapeutic cohort study designed to enroll 500 subjects with MCI aged 50–85 years. The primary aim is to identify a biomarker or a set of biomarkers able to accurately predict the conversion from MCI to AD within 3 years of follow-up. The biomarkers investigated in this study are neuropsychological tests (mini-mental state examination MMSE and delayed free recall), brain glucose metabolism ([18F]FDG-PET), MRI volumetry of the hippocampus, EEG brain connectivity, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers (p-tau, t-tau, Aβ1–42, Aβ1–42/1–40 ratio, Aβ1–42 /p-Tau ratio) and APOE genotype. The baseline visit includes a full cognitive and neuropsychological evaluation, as well as the collection of clinical and socio-demographic information. Prognostic models will be developed using Cox regression, incorporating patient characteristics and biomarkers through stepwise selection. Model performance will be evaluated in terms of discrimination and calibration and subjected to internal validation using the bootstrapping procedure. The final model will be visually represented as a nomogram.
Discussion
This paper contains a detailed description of the statistical analysis plan to ensure the reproducibility and transparency of the analysis. The prognostic model developed in this study aims to identify the population with MCI at higher risk of developing dementia, potentially eligible for drugs prescriptions. The nomogram could provide a valuable tool for clinicians for risk stratification and early treatment decisions.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03834402. Registered on January 10, 2019
Limited effects of glyphosate on the behaviour and immunity of males from six populations of the European earwig
Authors: Pasquier Laura , Lécureuil Charlotte , Meunier Joël 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The use of herbicides on crops often results in unintentional, low-dose exposure of non-target organisms, such as insects. While these exposures are increasingly known to alter the survival and physiology of insects, it remains unclear whether these effects can vary between populations and modify other fitness-related traits, such as behaviour and immunity. Here, we addressed these questions by testing the effects of sublethal exposure to glyphosate (Roundup©) on the behaviour and immunity of European earwig males from six natural populations. We exposed each male to a dose of glyphosate that was either recommended for crops, five times lower than that recommended for crops, or to a control solution. Twenty-four hours later, we measured the activity, boldness, and aggregation of each male. We then exposed them to an entomopathogenic fungus, monitored their survival for 6 weeks, and measured the immune response of the survivors. We found a condition-dependent effect of glyphosate exposure on male activity. Exposure to low doses induced a positive association between activity and weight, which was not observed in the high-dose and control groups. Glyphosate had no effect on any of the other measured traits. All these results were consistent across the six populations tested, although we did find population-specific differences in almost all measurements on males. Further research is now needed to better comprehend the non-linear dose-response to glyphosate on male activity and to evaluate the effectiveness of detoxification processes in this species. Overall, these results emphasise the importance of investigating the effects of herbicides on insects to expand our general understanding of the use and potential risks of plant protection products in integrated pest management programs.
Influence of magnetic head structure and parameters on the axial magnetic field hybrid TIG welding
Authors: Wu Hong , Chang Yunlong , Chang Chenhe 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Through the analysis of the magnetic field around the arc, the feasibility of controlling the arc shape and performance by the external axial magnetic field is clarified. Combined with the derived mathematical expression of the alternating axial magnetic field generated by the energized solenoid, the magnetic field and its distribution were simulated with COMSOL Multiphysics and MATLAB software, and the effects of the magnetic head structure and parameters on the magnetic field and its distribution were determined. A magnetic head was designed and manufactured according to the simulation results, and the welding process experiments were carried out. The experimental results show that the high-frequency axial magnetic field can significantly compress the arc and improve the welding penetration.
Adaptation and Modification of The Professional Identity Formation Scale for Postgraduate Trainees In Basic Health Science: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Siddique Uzma , Mahboob Usman , Mahsood Naheed , Mehboob Bushra , Abdullah Ayesha S , Baseer Munazza 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
The professional identity formation (PIF) of postgraduate trainees in basic health sciences is critical to their educational journey. Yet, there is a lack of appropriate measurement tools. This research aimed to adapt and modify an existing PIF scale to assess the professional identities of postgraduate basic health sciences trainees.
Methods:
A mixed-method study was conducted to validate a modified PIF scale. An instrument was developed following AMEE Guide 87. Seven medical educationalists and basic health science postgraduate supervisors established its content validity and reliability. Cognitive interviews were conducted with 15 participants, and the tool was validated through the Delphi technique. Piloting was undertaken on a simple random sample of 500 postgraduate trainees. Psychometric analyses, including structure factor analysis, internal consistency testing, and qualitative content analysis, were used to evaluate the modified scale.
Results:
Five factors were identified related to professional identity formation, “Commitment to Professional Identity, belonging and Values,” “Pursuit of Knowledge and Excellence,” “Professional Growth and Collaboration,” Personal Growth and Reflection,” and “Confidence and impact.” The modified PIF scale demonstrated robust psychometric properties, including a well-defined factor structure, significant reliability, and high internal consistency. With a Cronbach alpha 0.97, the PIF scale's five kept variables accounted for 99.99% of the variance.
Conclusions:
In this study, the modified PIF scale was found to be a reliable tool for assessing the professional identities of postgraduate trainees.
Causality between cholelithiasis and ileus: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xia Juan , Fang Qi , Yun Yali , Dong Xunan , Wang Jiahao , Tao Pengxian , Zhang Dongzhi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background: Cholelithiasis is a prevalent digestive ailment in China, prompting extensive research on its association with ileus. However, prior investigations relied on observational methodologies, introducing biases. To enhance objectivity, we adopted the Mendelian randomization method for a more comprehensive understanding.
Methods: We selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly correlated with cholelithiasis as instrumental variables from large-scale population-wide genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Ileus outcomes were sourced from the IEU Open GWAS database (Ileus: GWAS ID: ebi-a-GCST90018867; 2911 cases, 395,721 controls). Using analytical approaches like inverse variance weighting (IVW) and MR-Egger regression, we assessed causality. A sensitivity analysis, considering factors like horizontal pleiotropy, was conducted (Figure 1).
Results: (1) Inverse variance weighting revealed a significant association between K80 cholelithiasis (GWAS ID: ukb-a-559) and ileus (GWAS ID: ebi-a-GCST90018867). Additionally, a correlation emerged between cholelithiasis (GWAS ID: ukb-a-71) and ileus (GWAS ID: ebi-a-GCST90018867). A distinct cholelithiasis subtype (GWAS ID: ukb-b-18700) demonstrated a causal relationship with ileus (GWAS ID: ebi-a-GCST90018867). (2) The MR-Egger method, assessing horizontal pleiotropy, found no evidence of its existence (GWAS ID: ukb-b-18700, P= 0.034). (3) This Mendelian randomization study provides compelling evidence supporting a causal link between cholelithiasis and ileus. Such findings enhance our understanding of ileus etiology and pathogenesis, with crucial clinical implications for prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment.
Conclusion: A causal link between cholelithiasis and ileus is confirmed through thorough Mendelian randomization analysis. This discovery has substantial potential to provide key insights for preventing, detecting early, and implementing effective treatment strategies for ileus.
Influence of silymarin and zinc oxide nanoparticles as feed additives on growth, antioxidants, and blood metabolites of broilers
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Yadav Satya Prakash , Chandra Gulab , Sahu Deo Saran , Yadav Devesh Kumar , Maurya Prem Sagar , Roy Debashis , Singh Rakesh Kumar , Maurya Pankaj Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The aim of the present study was design to investigate the effect of silymarin (SM) and nano-zinc (NZ) on growth, antioxidants, and blood metabolites of broiler chicks. 144 broiler chicks (Cobb-400) were utilized in this experiment and randomly assigned into 4 groups, 36 chicks in each, and each group was divided into three replications, 12 birds in each replication. The chicks were fed basal diet supplanted either with SM (800 mg/kg, SM800), NZ (20 mg/kg, NZ20) alone, or both SM (800 mg/kg) + NZ (20 mg/kg) (SM800 + NZ20), or without SM and NZ (control). Body weight (BW) and feed consumption (FC) were recorded at weekly intervals and body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated from BW and FC. The blood samples were collected at 21 and 42 d of the study for the estimation of antioxidant status and blood metabolites. The BW, BWG, and FC were improved statistically (P < 0.05), however, FCR decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in broiler chicks received either SM or NZ alone or in combination compared to the control group. The activities of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were statistically (P < 0.05) higher in chicks fed a diet contained SM or NZ, or both than in control, but the increment was observed maximum in broilers of SM800 + NZ20 group. The TBARS level was varied statistically (P < 0.05) among the groups and was reported lowest TBARS level in the SM800 + NZ20 group. The dietary supplementation of SM and NZ showed a positive effect on total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), and globulin (GLOB), however showed a negative effect on blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Glucose level was not affected by the supplementation of SM and NZ. The result of the current study concluded that dietary supplementation in broilers improved growth performance, antioxidant status, and liver and kidney functions.