bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parameter studies of modal vibrations associated with impurity pinned dislocations in a metal single crystal
Authors: Cooke Charlie H. , Kroll John 
Published: September 2002

AbstractKoehler's model [1–2] of motion for edge‐type dislocations in a metal single crystal that are pinned down by impurity atoms is studied. An exact solution can be found, which is composed of a rapidly decaying transient and a steady time‐oscillating, steady state vibration. This solution is used to improve Koehler's [1] approximation to the steady time‐oscillating steady state vibration. General parameter studies of the modes of oscillation are then performed. The present result is of some significance, because it allows insight into the behavior of crystalline solids over a wide parameter range, whereas Koehler's asymptotic approach is valid only for materials that exhibit order‐of‐magnitude variation in system parameters. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 17: 427–439, 2001.
Convergence acceleration by varying time‐step size using Bi‐CGSTAB method for turbulent flow computation
Authors: Tsai W. B. , Lin W. W. , Chieng C.‐C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA design of varying step size approach both in time span and spatial coordinate systems to achieve fast convergence is demonstrated in this study. This method is based on the concept of minimization of residuals by the Bi‐CGSTAB algorithm, so that the convergence can be enforced by varying the time‐step size. The numerical results show that the time‐step size determined by the proposed method improves the convergence rate for turbulent computations using advanced turbulence models in low Reynolds‐number form, and the degree of improvement increases with the degree of the complexity of the turbulence models. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 17: 454–474, 2001.
Patient‐centered interventions
Authors: Lauver Diane R. , Ward Sandra E. , Heidrich Susan M. , Keller Mary L. , Bowers Barbara J. , Brennan Patricia Flatley , Kirchhoff Karin T. , Wells Thelma J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPatient‐centered care is valued in nursing. However, until recently, nurse‐researchers have focused on testing the effects of standardized rather than patient‐centered interventions (PCIs). The latter are those interventions that are altered to address selected patient characteristics (e.g., beliefs, habits, or goals). PCIs have been well received, and in some studies they have been associated with improved health outcomes. In this article we describe briefly the concept patient centered, summarize the development of research on PCIs, discuss kinds of PCIs, provide examples of PCIs and how they have been derived and implemented, and raise issues for theory and future research. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 25:246–255, 2002
Design of high efficiency polymeric cation exchange fibers1
Authors: Dominguez Lourdes , Benak Kelly R. , Economy James 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this study, we have been exploring a new ion exchange material in the form of a fiber that could yield a number of important advantages over conventional ion exchange beads. In this approach, ion exchange fibers are prepared by 1) coating low‐cost glass fiber substrates with a polystyrene/divinylbenzene oligomer, 2) curing, and 3) sulfonating. The sulfonation process and effects of varying degrees of crosslinking were characterized through diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy and acid‐base neutralization titrations. Capacities of 4.7 meq/g (on a per resin basis) were easily obtained. Kinetics experiments showed the contact efficiencies of the new systems were greatly improved over the traditional beads due to greater surface associated with the film morphology and shorter diffusion lengths. This translated into an order of magnitude increase in ion exchange rate. As a result of the thin coatings, the use of solvents prior to functionalization, and preswelling of the finished product prior to end‐use were eliminated. Scanning electron microscopy was used to image the fibers and track­their mechanical integrity through various stages of­the process. Finally, repetitive regenerations proved­the long‐term stability of the spent fibers. Copyright­© 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poly(imidoaryl ether)s with bulky highly fluorescent pendent groups
Authors: Meng Yuezhong , Hill Antisar R. , Hay Allan S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThree novel aromatic imidoaryl bisphenols 6a–c with bulky groups of varying size on the pendent phenyl ring have been synthesized from 3,8‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐­N‐phenyl‐1,2‐naphthalimide 1a. Poly(imidoaryl ether)s were synthesized in dipolar aprotic solvents by reacting the monomers with activated difluoro compounds. Glass transition temperatures (T
g) for the polymers are in the range 265.9–315.0 °C, and they exhibit a range of colors from yellow to red. The highest T
g and 5% weight loss temperature of these polymers were 315 and 496 °C, respectively. Most of the polymers are soluble in chloroform at room temperature. The UV‐vis absorption spectra of polymers 11ae, 11be and 16 were recorded in chloroform. Polymer 16 has the most intense absorption peaks (above 300 nm) at 492 and 528 nm, respectively, while the fluorescent spectrum of polymer 16 shows several peaks at 428, 539, 577 and 625 nm, respectively, when excited at 350 nm. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Degradation and 5‐fluorouracil release behavior in vitro of polycaprolactone/poly(ethylene oxide)/polylactide tri‐component copolymer† 1
Authors: Wang Shenguo , Chen Hongli , Cai Qing , Bei Jianzhong 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe in vitro degradation behavior of the polyester/polyether copolymer based on polycaprolactone/poly(ethylene oxide)/polylactide (PCEL) significantly depends on the caproxyl (CL)/lactyl (LA) ratio for the same poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) content. The PCEL copolymer with rich CL units shows the crystalline structure of PCL with a slow degradation rate, while it presents the crystalline structure of poly‐L‐lactide (PLLA) with more LA units that has a fast degradation rate. In the case of PCEL with similar CL and LA unit contents, it only exhibits the crystalline structure of PEO and the degradation rate is faster especially during the early stage of the degradation due to the rapid cleavage of the PEO. The drug release system is prepared using 5‐fluorouracil (5‐Fu) as the model drug and PCEL copolymers as the drug carriers. It is shown that the drug release rate is controlled by the composition, morphology and properties of the PCEL copolymer. In particular, the PCEL copolymer with 70% LA units displays a near zero‐order sustained release in about 60 days. Therefore, these copolymers have potential application as a controlled 5‐fluorouracil delivery system. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compatibilized poly(ether imide)/LCP blends: drawing ability and mechanical properties of the ribbons
Authors: Vallejo F. J. , Bastida S. , Eguiazábal J. I. , Nazábal J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe effects of the addition of polyarylate (PAr) on the drawing ability of poly(ether imide) (PEI)/Rodrun liquid‐crystalline 5000 (Ro LC5000) (Ro) blends and on the mechanical properties of their ribbons were studied. The compatibilizing effect of the PAr led to an increase in the drawing ability of the blends, as seen by the fact that the maximum Ro content compatible with the drawing process increased from 15 to 30%. This may lead to new applications in the field of gas barrier materials.The presence of PAr also led to an increase in the adhesion between the two phases of the blends and consequent improved ductility. However, the very high modulus of elasticity and tensile strength in the direction of orientation (up to three‐fold those of the matrix) due to the less developed fibrillation were smaller than the corresponding values before compatibilization. These very large modulus of elasticity and tensile strength values and those perpendicular to the direction of orientation, which were similar to those of the matrix, led to a high anisotropy in the extruded ribbons that increased with the draw ratio (DR) and the Ro contents. The high mechanical properties of the ribbons may be used and the anisotropy diminished by layering the ribbons in, and perpendicular to, the direction of orientation, according to the expected external load. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of polyhydroxyalkaloids in Lonchocarpus extracts by GC‐MS of acetylated derivatives
Authors: Magalhães Aderbal F. , Santos Celira C. , Magalhães Eva G. , Nogueira Marisa A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe methanol extracts of the roots of Lonchocarpus cultratus, L. latifolius and L. subglaucescens, species native to Brazil, were all active in the brine shrimp lethality test. Fractions rich in polyhydroxylated alkaloids were obtained from these extracts and, following acetylation, were analysed by GC‐MS leading to the identification of acetylated derivatives of 2,5‐trans‐dihydroxymethyl‐3,4‐trans‐dihydroxypyrrolidine (1), 1‐deoxymannojirimycin, 1‐deoxynojirimycin, fagomine and homonojirimycin. Only from L. subglaucescens could a compound with the constitution and relative configuration expected for the penta‐acetate of 1 be isolated, and its molecular structure was determined for the first time through extensive spectral data analysis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐performance liquid chromatographic analysis of genistein and other isoflavonoids from heartwood of Ougeinia dalbergioides
Authors: Bala Shashi , Uniyal G. C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA simple binary gradient HPLC method employing a Symmetry® C18 column is described for the analysis of genistein, ougeinin, homoferririn, 2′,4′,5,7‐tetrahydroxy‐6‐methyl isoflavone and 2′,4′,8‐trihydroxy‐6‐methoxy‐7‐methyl isoflavone present in heartwood extract of Ougeinia dalbergioides. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early ultrasound diagnosis of Neu–Laxova syndrome
Authors: Rode Martha E. , Mennuti Michael T. , Giardine Rose M. , Zackai Elaine H. , Driscoll Deborah A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe report the mid‐trimester prenatal diagnosis of Neu–Laxova syndrome (NLS) in two at risk families utilizing serial sonographic examinations. Ultrasound and pathologic findings from seven affected pregnancies, the largest case series of NLS to date, are presented. One fetus had anencephaly and incomplete rachischisis, an anomaly that has not been previously reported in association with NLS. Ultrasonographic detection of severe intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), abnormally postured limbs, microcephaly, and edema allowed prenatal diagnosis of NLS in five of these at risk pregnancies during the mid‐trimester. Growth curves derived from serial sonograms reveal abnormalities of all standard biometric measurements. The growth discrepancy was most pronounced in the measurements of the biparietal diameter, which were consistently less than two standard deviations below the mean across all gestational ages. This case series confirms that aberrant growth and anomalies may be detected sufficiently early in gestation to permit prenatal diagnosis of NLS. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First trimester screening for Down syndrome and assisted reproduction: no basis for concern
Authors: Wøjdemann K. R. , Larsen S. O. , Shalmi A. , Sundberg K. , Christiansen M. , Tabor A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn pregnancies obtained after assisted reproduction the false‐positive rate of second trimester Down syndrome (DS) screening is increased by 1.5–3‐fold. This may cause an increase in the number of amniocenteses and the fetal loss rate. The present study for the first time examined whether assisted reproductive technologies affect the results of first trimester screening. The markers PAPP‐A, free β‐hCG and the nuchal translucency (NT) thickness were examined at 12–14 weeks' gestation. Screening markers in 47 in vitro fertilisation (IVF), 63 ovulation induction (OI) and 3026 spontaneously conceived singleton pregnancies were compared. The MoM (multiples of the median) value in the IVF pregnancies was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.85–1.22) for PAPP‐A, 1.14 (95% CI: 0.95–1.37) for β‐hCG and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.89–1.05) for NT; the MoM value in the OI pregnancies was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.76–1.05) for PAPP‐A, 1.08 (95% CI: 0.93–1.25) for β‐hCG and 1.02 (95% CI: 0.95–1.11) for NT. The first trimester marker values in assisted reproductive pregnancies and spontaneously conceived pregnancies were not significantly different. Estimated false‐positive rates for a risk cut‐off of 1:400 varied from 4.7% in IVF pregnancies to 5.1% in OI pregnancies. Therefore the false‐positive rate in Down syndrome screening should be independent of the method of conception. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of a familial complex chromosomal rearrangement involving chromosomes 5, 10, 16 and 18
Authors: Lee M. H. , Park S. Y. , Kim Y. M. , Kim J. M. , Han J. Y. , Kim M. Y. , Ryu H. M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe report one case of a familial complex chromosomal rearrangement (CCR) involving four different chromosomes 5, 10, 16 and 18. The CCR was detected prenatally at 20 weeks' gestation because of advanced maternal age and history of recurrent miscarriages. Cytogenetic analysis of cultured amniotic fluid cells with GTG banding showed a 46,XX,t(5;16;10;18)(q13;q22;q11.2;q21) karyotype. Parental cytogenetic study revealed that the mother has the same CCR. RBG banding, high‐resolution banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to characterize further and confirm the conventional banding data. No physical abnormalities were shown in the targeted fetal ultrasonography examination. The parents decided to continue the pregnancy. The child is now 2 years old and has neither congenital anomalies nor evidence of delayed psychomotor development. The fetal targeted ultrasound and FISH analysis helped us reassure fetal status. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of partial tetrasomy 14: a case study
Authors: George Alice M. , Hallam Lavinia , Oei Paul , McGaughran Julie 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPrenatal specimens were received from a fetus with abnormalities noted on ultrasound. A supernumerary marker chromosome (SMC) was detected: 47,XY,+mar. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) further classified this to be partial tetrasomy for chromosome 14. We compare this finding with other cases of SMC (14) and further classify phenotype with karyotype. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Achondrogenesis type II with normally developed extremities: a case report
Authors: Kocakoc Ercan , Kiris Adem 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe present a case of achondrogenesis type II with normally developed extremities that was confirmed with postmortem ultrasonographic and radiographic examination. The length of the long bones may vary and the diagnosis of achondrogenesis should not be ruled out with normally developed extremities. Intrauterine sonographic examination of the vertebrae is very important and the absence of vertebral body ossification may be the unique finding of achondrogenesis type II. Axial ultrasonographic images and postmortem plain radiographs are useful to clarify the pathology. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Second trimester two‐step trisomy 18 screening using maternal serum markers
Authors: Muller Françoise , Sault Corinne , Lemay Catherine , Roussel‐Mizon Nathalie , Forestier François , Frendo Jean‐Louis 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTrisomy 21 maternal serum marker screening has led to screening for other anomalies, including trisomy 18. Trisomy 18 is generally prenatally diagnosed because of major morphological defects. However, in up to 30% of cases ultrasound signs are unclear, and in most cases diagnosis is performed late in pregnancy. Of the different maternal serum markers, PAPP‐A is now considered as the best for trisomy 18 screening. However, pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A) is of value in first trimester screening for trisomy 21, but not in the second trimester. We therefore propose a two‐step screening strategy. Based on 45 trisomy 18 cases, we confirm the values of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) (median 0.61 MoM), free β‐human chorionic gonadotrophin (β‐hCG) (median 0.24 MoM) and of PAPP‐A (median 0.08 MoM). In the first step, a 0.5 MoM cut‐off for AFP or for free β‐hCG resulted in detection of 37/45 trisomy 18 cases (82%) with a 10% false‐positive rate. The second step consisted of the measurement of PAPP‐A for all these false‐positive cases. Using a PAPP‐A cut‐off of 0.5 MoM, all the 37 trisomy 18 cases were detected, but now with a 0.1–0.2% false‐positive rate. Amniocentesis was only offered to these few patients. This two‐step second trimester screening will be of value for patients who have not been included in first trimester screening based on nuchal translucency (NT) measurement combined with the first trimester markers, PAPP‐A and free β‐hCG. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intraventricular haemorrhage in a fetus with cerebral cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Nigro Giovanni , La Torre Renato , Sali Eleonora , Auteri Maura , Mazzocco Manuela , Maranghi Luca , Cosmi Erich 
Published: September 2002

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading infectious cause of prenatal neurological damage, which is particularly severe when primary maternal infection occurs during the first 16 weeks of gestation, at the time of organ development and neuronal migration. Vascular involvement has been suggested to be among thepossible pathogenic mechanisms of virus‐induced pathology, in addition to direct viral effects. We report on a fetus with cerebral CMV infection, which had intraventricular haemorrhage, together with oligohydramnios and hyperechogenic bowel, following maternal primary CMV infection. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of complete sole trisomy 1q
Authors: Pettenati Mark J. , Berry Margaret , Shashi Vandana , Hartley Bowen J. , Harper Margaret 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe prenatal diagnosis of a complete trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 1 is reported. Major ultrasound findings included: nuchal thickening, bi‐temporal narrowing, a single choroid plexus cyst, andmild ventriculomegaly. There was a mass in the chest and abdomen, pleural effusion, ascites and a hyperechoic bowel. Skin edema was present. The fetus died at 26 weeks' gestation. A literature review is presented of 17 de novo and two inherited cases with only trisomy 1q. Of note is the fact that 3/5 prenatally detected 1q trisomies have teratomas. A review of the literature reveals a dismal outcome fortrisomy 1q cases if the duplication involves bands 1q25→q32. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal serum levels of dimeric inhibin A in pregnancies affected by trisomy 21 in the first trimester
Authors: Spencer Kevin , Liao Adolfo W. , Ong Charas Y. T. , Geerts Lut , Nicolaides Kypros H. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractDimeric inhibin A was measured in maternal serum samples from 45 pregnancies affected by trisomy 21 and 493 samples from unaffected pregnancies at 10–14 weeks of gestation. Inhibin A levels in affected pregnancies were compared with levels of free β‐hCG and PAPP‐A in the same series. In the trisomy 21 group, the median multiple of the median (MoM) inhibin A was not significantly elevated (1.28 vs 1.00) with only 15.5% being above the 95th centile. In contrast, the median MoM free β‐hCG was significantly increased (2.05 vs 1.00) with 36% above the 95th centile and PAPP‐A was significantly reduced (0.49 vs 1.00) with 42% below the 5th centile. Inhibin A levels in the trisomy 21 group were significantly correlated with gestational age such that median levels rose from 1.04 at 11 weeks to 1.30 at 12 weeks and 1.67 at 13 weeks. These findings suggest that first trimester biochemical screening for trisomy 21, which is currently optimised using maternal serum free β‐hCG and PAPP‐A and fetal nuchal translucency, will not benefit from the inclusion of inhibin A. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Rydel Seiffer tuning fork: an inexpensive device for screening diabetic patients with high‐risk foot
Authors: Vijay V. , Snehalatha C. , Seena R. , Ramachandran A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractConsidering the simple and inexpensive nature of the graduated tuning fork, we evaluated its usefulness in screening for vibratory sensation loss in non‐diabetic and diabetic subjects, compared with the values obtained with biothesiometer. The vibration perception scores were tested in 195 non‐diabetic healthy control subjects (n=195, M:F, 80:115, Mean±SD, age 50.3±10.4 (years), in 455 Type 2 diabetic subjects who had signs and symptoms of sensory neuropathy and abnormal biothesiometric readings (reading>25V), (n=455, M:F 326:129, Mean Age 58.1±7.7 years, HbA1c 10.1±2.4%) and in 471 diabetic patients with no evidence of neuropathy by biothesiometry. (M:F 299:172, Mean Age 48.0±7.5 years, HbA1c 9.5±2.2%). Patients with neuropathy had a lower mean score of 4.5±2.6 compared with the non‐neuropathy cases (7.7±0.5, P<0.001). Among the 455 patients identified as having neuropathy by abnormal biothesiometric values, 235 had an abnormal tuning fork score of ≤4.0. Tuning fork scores were normal in all the 471 non‐neuropathy cases, thus giving a specificity of 100%. This study shows that the graduated tuning fork has a high specificity and a fairly good sensitivity in the diagnosis of diabetic foot problems. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short‐term safety and tolerability of antihypertensive agents in Korean patients: an observational study
Authors: Kim Young Sik , Park Hye Soon , Sunwoo Sung , Byeon Jai Jun , Song Yun Mi , Seo Hong Gwan , Kim Cheol Hwan , Cheon Kyeong Soo , Yoo Sun Mi , Lee Jung Kwon 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPurposeIn order to assess the short‐term safety and tolerability of newly prescribed antihypertensive monotherapies in Korean patients, a prospective study was carried out.MethodsA total of 1181 patients were observed from July 1997 to August 1999. At 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after initiation of antihypertensive monotherapy, the patients were evaluated for whether treatment was to be continued and the development of any adverse reactions.ResultsDuring the first 12 weeks, the percentage of subjects continuing with their initial angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) (40.7%) was substanti ally lower than that of subjects continuing with angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARA) (66.2%), α‐blockers (63.0%), calcium channel blockers (CCB) (61.3%), β‐blockers (55.8%), and diuretics (53.5%), respectively (P< 0.01). The following adverse reactions were detected: cough (7.5%), headache (6.1%), dizziness (3.9%), flushing (3.7%) and impotence (2.4%). Cough, headache, and flushing were more frequent in women, and impotence and loss of libido were more frequent in men (P< 0.05). The incidence of cough associated with ACEI (27.9%) was higher than that associated with the other classes of drugs (P< 0.01).ConclusionsThe tolerability of antihypertensive medication was highest in Korean patients treated with ARAs, followed by CCBs, β‐blockers, diuretics, α‐blockers, and ACEIs. The incidences of adverse reactions were different by sex, age and drug class. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.