bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of reservoir sediment and effects on hydro‐dynamic response of arch dams
Authors: Zhang Chuhan , Yan Chengda , Wang Guanglun 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBased on the dynamic theory for saturated porous media by Biot (Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 1956; 28: 168–178), a numerical model is presented to analyse the reflection behaviours of reservoir sediment and compared with those from the visco‐elastic model. It is concluded that the two models give very similar results of reflection coefficient α within the frequency range of interest. Then, using the two models, the change of the reflection coefficients α with various sedimentation parameters and excitation frequencies are studied in detail. The results are further used in the analysis of response functions of hydro‐dynamic pressures on, and structural displacements of the Xiang Hong Dian arch dam, for which some results from a field vibration test are available. It appears that effects of water compressibility with sediment reflection on hydro‐dynamic pressures and structural response are not significant for this specific case. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crust strength: a wind tunnel study of the effect of impact by saltating particles on cohesive soil surfaces
Authors: Rice M. A. , McEwan I. K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA wind tunnel study examined the effect of distributions of saltating particles on sediment surfaces which were characterized by distributions of their tensile strength. The sediments consisted of varying proportions of large sand‐sized particles with a fine particle cement. The energies of the impacting particles and the surface strengths were compared with the mass of material lost from the surface. It is important to consider distributions of parameters rather than mean values only, since abrasion and erosion may occur from surfaces not predicted from average strength and saltation velocities.At the impact velocities used in this study (mean velocity 4·4 m s−1, with standard deviation of 0·51), surfaces containing less than 12 per cent fine material were easily eroded, but insignificant erosion occurred when the fine particle content exceeded 60 per cent.Small amounts of cementing material were easily ruptured, allowing the large sand grains to be moved (largely in creep) by the bombarding particles. A significant amount of energy was lost to the bed. As the percentage of fine material increased, the surface became more difficult to break up and less energy was lost to the bed.The probability that erosion will occur for known energy distributions of impacting particles and surface strength can be calculated and the mass loss increases exponentially with a decrease in the percentage of fine cementing particles. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation of individual particle movement in a gravel streambed
Authors: Malmaeus J. Mikael , Hassan Marwan A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA two‐dimensional simulation model of travel distances of individual particles in a gravel‐bed river is presented. The model is based on a number of rules, which include particle size, entrainment, trajectory, distance of movement and entrapment. Particle interactions are controlled by resistance fields defined about each obstacle and critical elevation defined in the model. Resistance fields, particle dropping and critical elevation rules control particle interactions. The interaction rules cause the particles to develop pebble clusters, stone cells and transverse structures (transverse ribs). The simulated travel distances of individual particles are consistent with reported field results. Individual particle travel distances were simulated using two different models; one without interactions between the individual particles and the stationary bed and one with interactions. The case without interactions demonstrates the random nature of sediment transport, and narrow ranges of travel distances. Wider ranges of travel distances, similar to those for natural situations, were obtained for the cases with interactions. The more intense the interaction between the mobile stones and the stationary ones, the wider the range of distances of travel for a given particle size. Modelling the mean travel distance yielded a result similar to that published previously, which was based on empirical data. Well developed bed‐surface structures were obtained for relatively poorly sorted sediment with intense interactions between particles. Transverse structures developed when relatively large particles were allowed to move. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Archeological dendrochronology in the southwestern united states
Authors: Towner Ronald H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDendrochronology, the science of tree‐ring dating, is the most accurate and precise nondocumentary dating method available to researchers studying the recent past. Tree‐ring dates are accurate and precise to the year and sometimes the season, and have no associated statistical uncertainty or standard error. Other prominent archeological dating techniques that use natural materials (for example, radiocarbon and archeomagnetism) have been calibrated using dendrochronological samples.1 It is this precision and accuracy that has allowed archeologists working in the southwestern United States to construct the most detailed chronologies in the world, and to explore a plethora of environmental, social, and behavioral questions regarding past human adaptation to the region.
Essential oil of two Lippia spp. (Verbenaceae) growing wild in Guatemala
Authors: Senatore Felice , Rigano Daniela 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe essential oils from Lippia alba and L. graveolens, growing wild in Guatemala, were obtained by hydrodistillation. The oil contents were 0.22% (L. alba) and 0.26% (L. graveolens) (v/w), on a dry weight basis. The oil compositions were analysed by GC and GC–MS. Essential oil from L. alba was characterized by a high amount of limonene (43.6%) and piperitone (30.6%). The essential oil of L. graveolens consisted mainly of thymol (31.6%) and sesquiterpenes. Caryophyllene (4.6%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.8%) were the main components of the sesquiterpenoidic fraction. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local block refinement with a multigrid flow solver
Authors: Lange C. F. , Schäfer M. , Durst F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA local block refinement procedure for the efficient computation of transient incompressible flows with heat transfer is presented. The procedure uses patched structured grids for the blockwise refinement and a parallel multigrid finite volume method with colocated primitive variables to solve the Navier‐Stokes equations. No restriction is imposed on the value of the refinement rate and non‐integer rates may also be used. The procedure is analysed with respect to its sensitivity to the refinement rate and to the corresponding accuracy. Several applications exemplify the advantages of the method in comparison with a common block structured grid approach. The results show that it is possible to achieve an improvement in accuracy with simultaneous significant savings in computing time and memory requirements. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A class of higher order compact schemes for the unsteady two‐dimensional convection–diffusion equation with variable convection coefficients
Authors: Kalita Jiten C. , Dalal D. C. , Dass Anoop K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA class of higher order compact (HOC) schemes has been developed with weighted time discretization for the two‐dimensional unsteady convection–diffusion equation with variable convection coefficients. The schemes are second or lower order accurate in time depending on the choice of the weighted average parameter μ and fourth order accurate in space. For 0.5⩽μ⩽1, the schemes are unconditionally stable. Unlike usual HOC schemes, these schemes are capable of using a grid aspect ratio other than unity. They efficiently capture both transient and steady solutions of linear and nonlinear convection–diffusion equations with Dirichlet as well as Neumann boundary condition. They are applied to one linear convection–diffusion problem and three flows of varying complexities governed by the two‐dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. Results obtained are in excellent agreement with analytical and established numerical results. Overall the schemes are found to be robust, efficient and accurate. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comprehensive karyotyping of the HT‐29 colon adenocarcinoma cell line
Authors: Kawai Kanji , Viars Carrie , Arden Karen , Tarin David , Urquidi Virginia , Goodison Steve 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe tumor cell line HT‐29 was derived from a primary adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid colon. HT‐29 is hypertriploid (3n+) and has accumulated numerous chromosomal structural aberrations. To identify material involved in chromosome rearrangements, we performed a comprehensive cytogenetic analysis using G‐banding, spectral karyotyping (SKY), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The combination of molecular cytogenetic techniques enabled us to define the first comprehensive karyotype for HT‐29. Seventeen marker chromosomes were found in 75–100% of metaphase cells, generally in a single copy per cell. We confirmed the composition of eight previously described markers, refined the classification of seven others, and identified two novel marker chromosomes. Notable aberrations included a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 6 and 14 and an unusual, large derivative chromosome 8 composed entirely of 8q material. The telomere status, evaluated by FISH, revealed telomeric signals at the termini of all chromosomes. No interstitial telomeric sequences were observed in any cell. Although numerous chromosomal aberrations are present in HT‐29, the cell line appears to have retained a high level of genomic stability during passage in culture since undergoing transformation. The excellent resolving power of SKY, coupled with additional information obtained from molecular cytogenetic analyses, will improve our ability to identify genetic lesions characteristic of cancer. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unique balanced chromosome abnormalities in treatment‐related myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia: Report from an International Workshop†
Authors: Olney Harold J. , Mitelman Felix , Johansson Bertil , Mrózek Krzysztof , Berger Roland , Rowley Janet D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA total of 123 balanced rearrangements, including 26 occurring as a sole anomaly, not known to be recurrent in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) prior to the Workshop, were ascertained retrospectively from 104 patients with treatment‐related MDS/AML (t‐MDS/t‐AML). Thirteen of the aberrations were reported previously in single cases and hence may be classified as recurrent as a result of the Workshop. Patients with Unique aberrations had complex karyotypes more often (P < 0.001 for all pairwise comparisons) than did other Workshop subgroups, with 72% having 3 or more aberrations. Among 85 cases with secondary chromosomal abnormalities, −5, −7, del(5q), and del(7q) were observed in 76%, which is significantly higher (P ≤ 0.007 for all pairwise comparisons) than the frequencies found in the Workshop subgroups of patients with previously known recurring aberrations. The chromosome bands most often involved in balanced aberrations were 1p36 and 3q26‐27. Treatment exposure was significantly different (less topoisomerase II inhibitor exposure, more radiotherapy‐only exposure) than for patients with 11q23 (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively) and 21q22 (P = 0.007 and P = 0.002, respectively) abnormalities. The median time from the first toxic exposure to secondary disease, 59 months, was significantly longer (P ≤ 0.016 for all significant pairwise comparisons) than the median latency of all other patients except those in the Rare subgroup, and the median survival time, 7 months, was significantly shorter than for patients in the 21q22, inv(16), and t(15;17) subgroups (P ≤ 0.002 for all pairwise comparisons), but similar to patients in the 11q23 and Rare subgroups. In contrast to known recurring abnormalities, significantly more patients (61%, all P < 0.001) presented with t‐MDS, with over one‐third of these patients progressing to t‐AML. Thus, this group of patients appears to be more similar to the typical t‐MDS/t‐AML patients, with complex karyotypes as well as chromosome 5 and 7 abnormalities, than to those with recurrent balanced rearrangements. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cadherin and catenin alterations in human cancer
Authors: Hajra Karen M. , Fearon Eric R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAmong the hallmarks of cancer are defective cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesion. Alterations in cadherin–catenin complexes likely have a major contributing role in cell‐adhesion defects in carcinomas arising in many different tissues. E‐cadherin, the prototypic member of the cadherin transmembrane protein family, regulates cell adhesion by interacting with E‐cadherin molecules on opposing cell surfaces. E‐cadherin's function in cell adhesion is also critically dependent on its ability to interact through its cytoplasmic domain with catenin proteins. A diverse collection of defects alter cadherin–catenin function in cancer cells, including loss‐of‐function mutations and defects in the expression of E‐cadherin and certain catenins, such as α‐catenin. Although there is much evidence that β‐catenin is deregulated in cancer as a result of inactivating mutations in the APC and AXIN tumor‐suppressor proteins and gain‐of‐function mutations in β‐catenin itself, the principal consequences of β‐catenin deregulation in cancer appear to be largely distinct from the effects attributable to inactivation of E‐cadherin or α‐catenin. In this review, we highlight some of the specific genetic and epigenetic defects responsible for altered cadherin and catenin function in cancer, as well as potential contributions of cadherin–catenin alterations to the cancer process. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A complex pattern of recurrent chromosomal losses and gains in T‐cell prolymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Soulier Jean , Pierron Gaëlle , Vecchione Danielle , Garand Richard , Brizard Françoise , Sigaux François , Stern Marc‐Henri , Aurias Alain 
Published: August 2002

AbstractT‐cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T‐PLL) is a rare malignant proliferation of lymphoid cells with a postthymic phenotype. Previous cytogenetic and molecular studies reported complex karyotypes with recurrent chromosomal abnormalities, including translocations involving either TCL1 at 14q32.1 or MTCP1 at Xq28, inactivation of the ATM gene by deletion and/or mutation, and isochromosomes 8. For extensive study of chromosomal imbalances in T‐PLL, we analyzed 22 tumoral DNAs using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Abnormal CGH profiles were detected in all cases, demonstrating highly recurrent gains and losses and largely extending the abnormalities previously established. Only a few nonrecurrent abnormalities were observed, in contrast to the genetic instability anticipated from ATM inactivation. Nine recurrent regions of loss were identified at 8p (frequency 86%), 11q (68%), 22q11 (45%), 13q (41%), 6q (36%), 9p (27%), 12p (23%), 11p11–p14 (23%), and 17p (23%), as well as four regions of gain at 8q (82%), 14q32 (50%), 22q21–qter (41%), and 6p (23%). Several recurrent chromosomal abnormalities were simultaneously present in each case (mean, 5.7; up to 10), none being mutually exclusive of another. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis confirmed and extended 22q11 and 13q losses, giving final frequencies of 55% and 45%, respectively. Analysis of one case over a 7‐year period confirmed the overall genetic stability of T‐PLL and showed that tumor progression was associated with the onset of a few chromosomal abnormalities. This study establishes a complex pattern of highly recurrent chromosomal abnormalities in T‐PLL, including some, such as chromosome 13 deletion, commonly found in other lymphoid malignancies. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic imbalances revealed by comparative genomic hybridization in Ewing tumors
Authors: Ozaki Toshifumi , Paulussen Michael , Poremba Christopher , Brinkschmidt Christian , Rerin Julio , Ahrens Susanne , Hoffmann Christiane , Hillmann Axel , Wai Daniel , Schaefer Karl‐Ludwig , Boecker Werner , Juergens Heribert , Winkelmann Winfried , Dockhorn‐Dworniczak Barbara 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEwing tumors are characterized by reciprocal translocations involving the EWS gene on 22q12 fused to ETS transcription‐factor family members. Little is known about further aberrations contributing to tumor development and progression. Sixty‐two frozen tumors with known EWS rearrangements (52 primary tumors, 10 relapses) of ET patients registered in the EICESS protocol were analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The median number of changes in 52 primary and 10 relapsed cases was 2.5 and 5.0 per tumor (P = 0.153). Frequent abnormalities included gains of chromosomes 8, 12, 20, and 1q and losses of 16q and 19q. Neither number nor type of aberration was associated with histology, tumor size, disease stage, tumor localization, or histologic tumor response to chemotherapy. Among the 52 primary tumors, 26 with Type I fusion (EWS exon 7 to FLI1 exon 6) and 26 with other fusion types had a median of 2.0 and 3.0 aberrations per tumor, respectively (P = 0.031). Combinations of gains of chromosomes 8 and 12, gains of chromosome 20, and either gains of 8q or 18q and losses of 16q and 17p frequently occurred. The cumulative overall survival (OAS) was different between 35 patients with <5 aberrations and 13 patients with ≥5 aberrations (P = 0.009). Univariate analysis showed that patients with gains of 1q, 2q, 12, and 20 or losses of 16q and 17p had significantly lower OAS than those without aberrations. By multivariate analysis, loss of 16q (relative risk [RR] = 5.3; P = 0.0006) was an independent prognostic factor. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐density marker loss of heterozygosity analysis of rat chromosome 10 in endometrial adenocarcinoma
Authors: Behboudi Afrouz , Levan Göran , Hedrich Hans J. , Klinga‐Levan Karin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEndometrial cancer is a disease with serious impact on the human population, but not much is known about genetic factors involved in this complex disease. Female BDII rats are genetically predisposed to spontaneous endometrial carcinoma, and the BDII inbred strain provides an experimental animal model for endometrial carcinoma development. In the present study, BDII females were crossed with males from two nonsusceptible inbred rat strains. Endometrial adenocarcinomas (EACs) developed in a proportion of the F1 and F2 progeny. We screened 18 EAC solid tumors and 9 EAC cell cultures for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) using fluorescent‐PCR‐based marker allelotyping methodology with 47 microsatellite markers covering the proximal part of rat chromosome 10 (RNO10). Conclusive evidence was obtained for LOH/deletion involving about 56 cM in the proximal part of RNO10 in DNA from six out of seven informative tumor cell cultures. Analysis of the solid tumors confirmed the presence of LOH in this part of RNO10 in 14 of 17 informative tumors. However, from the studies in the solid tumors it appeared that in fact three separate segments in the proximal part of RNO10 were affected. These three LOH/deletion regions were located approximately in cytogenetic bands 10q11‐12, 10q22, and 10q24. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Germline mutations of the BRCA1‐associated ring domain (BARD1) gene in breast and breast/ovarian families negative for BRCA1 and BRCA2 alterations
Authors: Ghimenti Chiara , Sensi Elisa , Presciuttini Silvano , Brunetti Isa Maura , Conte PierFranco , Bevilacqua Generoso , Caligo Maria A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBARD1 (BRCA1‐associated RING domain) was identified by yeast two‐hybrid screening as a protein interacting with BRCA1. Somatic and germline mutations of BARD1 have been detected in sporadic breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers. The present study represents the first description of BARD1 germline mutations in hereditary breast and breast/ovarian cancer patients. We analyzed the BARD1 gene in 40 families with hereditary breast and breast/ovarian cancer, tested negative for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. A mutational analysis by PCR‐SSCP on the coding region and the exon–intron splice boundaries of the BARD1 gene yielded four different germline mutations. A group of 20 patients diagnosed with sporadic breast cancer below the age of 40 was also examined and only one germline mutation was found. A study of loss of heterozygosity at the BARD1 locus in neoplastic tissues from patients with BARD1 germline mutations was carried out. In all cases, we were unable to find any evidence for allelic deletions. The involvement of BARD1 mutations in the susceptibility to hereditary breast and breast/ovarian cancer is discussed.
Short contribution: A new method of analyzing and documenting micromorphological thin sections using flatbed scanners: Applications in geoarchaeological studies
Authors: Arpin Trina L. , Mallol Carolina , Goldberg Paul 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMuch of the information in micromorphological thin sections exists at the mesoscopic level. The use of flatbed scanners can improve analysis at this level and aid in preservation of the information. This article describes scanning in both plane and cross‐polarized light and discusses the hardware and software required. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The major‐ and trace‐element whole‐rock fingerprints of Egyptian basalts and the provenance of Egyptian artefacts
Authors: Greenough John D. , Gorton M. P. , Mallory‐Greenough Leanne M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDiscrimination diagrams have been developed that source Egyptian basaltic artefacts using whole‐rock major element geochemistry. These include K2O versus SiO2, TiO2 and P2O5 against MgO/Fe2O3t (total Fe as Fe2O3), and a discriminant analysis diagram using SiO2, Fe2O3t, CaO, and MnO. A complementary set of diagrams uses easily obtained trace element data (Nb/Y versus Zr/Nb; Zr [ppm] versus Rb/Sr; TiO2 [wt % volatile free] versus V; and Cr [ppm] versus Zr/Y) to determine the bedrock sources. These diagrams have been applied to seven First Dynasty basalt vessels (Abydos), two Fourth Dynasty basalt paving stones (Khufu's funerary temple, Giza), and two Fifth Dynasty paving stones (Sahure's complex, Abu Sir). They show that the bedrock source for all the artefacts was the Haddadin flow in northern Egypt. Multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis applied to the whole‐rock data (major elements and trace elements together) and previously published mineral fingerprinting studies confirm these results. Comparing mineral versus whole‐rock fingerprinting techniques, a major advantage of the former is the small sample size required (0.001 g compared to ≥ 0.1 g). Analytical costs are similar for both methods assuming that a comparison (bedrock) database can be assembled from the literature. For most archaeological problems, a whole‐rock bedrock database is more likely to exist than a mineral database, and whole‐rock analyses on artefacts will generally be easier to obtain than mineral analyses. Whole‐rock fingerprinting may be more sensitive than mineral‐based fingerprinting. Thus, if sample quantity is not an issue, whole‐rock analysis may have a slight cost, convenience, and technical advantage over mineral‐based methods. Our results also emphasize that the Egyptians cherished their Haddadin basalt flow and used it extensively and exclusively for manufacturing basalt vessels and paving stones for at least 600 years (∼3150 B.C. to 2500 B.C., approximate ages of the vessels and Abu Sir paving stones, respectively). © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.