bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of local and systemic exposure to metals and metalloids after inhalation exposure: Recommended update to the USEPA metals framework
Authors: Boreiko Craig J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The USEPA issued the “Framework for Metal Risk Assessment” in 2007, recognizing that human and environmental exposure to metals and metalloids (MMEs) poses challenges risk assessment. Inhalation of aerosols containing MMEs is a primary pathway for exposure in the occupational setting, for consumer exposure, and to general population exposure associated with point-source emissions or ambient sources. The impacts of inhalation can be at the point of deposition (local exposure) or may manifest after uptake into the body (systemic exposure). Both local and systemic exposure can vary with factors that determine the regional deposition of MME-containing aerosols. Aerosol characteristics such as particle size combine with species-specific characteristics of airway morphology and lung function to modulate the deposition and clearance of MME particulates. In contrast to oral exposure, often monitored by measuring MME levels in blood or urine, inhalation exposure can produce local pulmonary impacts in the absence of significant systemic distribution. Exposure assessment for nutritionally essential MMEs can be further complicated by homeostatic controls that regulate systemic MME levels. Predictions of local exposure can be facilitated by computer models that estimate regional patterns of aerosol deposition, permitting calculation of exposure intensity in different regions of the respiratory tract. The utility of deposition modeling has been demonstrated in assessments of nutritionally essential MMEs regulated by homeostatic controls and in the comparison of results from inhalation studies in experimental animals. This facilitates extrapolation from animal data to humans and comparisons of exposures possessing mechanistic linkages to pulmonary toxicity and carcinogenesis. Pulmonary deposition models have significantly advanced and have been applied by USEPA in evaluations of particulate matter. However, regional deposition modeling has yet to be incorporated into the general guidance offered by the agency for evaluating inhalation exposure. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:952–964. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Key Points
The USEPA is urged to promote the application of models for regional deposition in assessing impacts of inhalation exposure to metal and metalloid particulate matter. The local and systemic impacts of inhaled metals and metalloids are determined by patterns of regional deposition in the respiratory tract.
An efficient convolutional histogram‐oriented gradients and deep convolutional learning approach for accurate classification of bone cancer
Authors: Vijayaraj J. , Abirami B. , Mohanty Sachi Nandan , Kavitha V. P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn our human body bones are the most significant part, which helps people to move and perform several activities. But, the cancer is caused by producing abnormal cell, which is rapidly spread to the whole parts of the body. Bone cancer is one of the critical types due to its malignancy more than other cancers. The approach involves preprocessing and segmentation of input images to remove noise and resize images, followed by feature extraction using a Convolutional histogram of oriented gradients (ConvHisOrGrad). The ROI extraction helps to accurately identify abnormal parts around the cancerous area. The Extreme Deep Convolutional learning machine (Ex‐ConVLM) is used for normal and cancerous bone classification based on the texture properties of bone MRI images. The proposed technique was evaluated using a dataset of 220 bone MRIs for tumor classes classified as necrotic, non‐tumor, and viable‐tumor. Results showed that the proposed technique outperformed existing techniques with the highest accuracy of 97% for the necrotic tumor class, 98.2% for the non‐tumor class, and 98.6% for the viable tumor class. The fine‐tuned model shows promising performance in detecting malignancy in bone based on histological images. In summary, the proposed technique utilizes deep learning architectures and ROI extraction for the accurate identification of abnormal parts in bone MRI images, achieving state‐of‐the‐art performance in the detection and categorization of bone cancers.
Effect of sodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution on lung injury in rats with traumatic hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Wang Zhenjie , Xu Shugen , Qiu Zhaolei , Zheng Chuanming , Cheng Feng , Li Lei , Xu Zhipeng , Song Qi , Zhang Fulong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the impact of different pH values of resuscitation fluid on traumatic hemorrhagic shock (THS), focusing on their effects on glycocalyx and inflammation. A rat model of THS was induced by hemorrhage from a left femur fracture, while an oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)‐induced HULEC‐5a cell model was considered as an in vitro THS model. The lung tissue pathology and glycocalyx structure were assessed through hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining and transmission electron microscope examination. The levels of glycocalyx‐related factors and inflammation‐related factors were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of glycocalyx‐related proteins, cell junction‐related proteins, and proteins involved in the PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB signaling pathway was analyzed by western blot. The results showed that both sodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution (BRS) and lactate Ringer's solution (LRS) were effective in restoring mean arterial pressure and heart rate in THS rats. However, LRS has a stronger impact on promoting inflammation and damaging the glycocalyx compared with BRS. In OGD/R‐induced HULEC‐5a cells, a pH of 7.4 and 6.5 increased inflammation and disrupted the glycocalyx, while a pH of 8.1 had no significant effect on inflammation or glycocalyx. Furthermore, the PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB signaling pathway was activated by fluid resuscitation and different pH values. However, the activating effect of BRS and pH 8.1 on the PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB signaling pathway was milder compared with LRS and pH6.5. In conclusion, an alkaline recovery environment was more beneficial for the treatment of THS.
Curcumin‐ZnO conjugated nanoparticles confer neuroprotection against ketamine‐induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Mobinhosseini Fatemeh , Salehirad Mahsa , Wallace Hayes A. , Motaghinejad Majid , Hekmati Malak , Safari Sepideh , Gholami Mina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundNanotechnology and its application to manipulate herbal compounds to design new neuroprotective agents to manage neurotoxicity has recently increased. Cur‐ZnO conjugated nanoparticles were synthesized and used in an experimental model of ketamine–induced neurotoxicity.MethodsCur‐ZnO conjugated nanoparticles were chemically characterized, and the average crystalline size was determined. Forty‐nine adult mice were divided into seven groups of seven animals each. Normal saline was given to control mice (group 1). Ketamine (25 mg/kg) was given to a second group. A third group of mice was given ketamine (25 mg/kg) in combination with curcumin (40 mg/kg), while mice in groups 4, 5, and 6 received ketamine (25 mg/kg) plus Cur‐ZnO nanoparticles (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg). Group 7 received only ZnO (5 mg/kg). All doses were ip for 14 days. Hippocampal mitochondrial quadruple complex enzymes, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic characteristics were assessed.ResultsCur‐ZnO nanoparticles and curcumin decreased lipid peroxidation, GSSG content, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and Bax levels while increasing GSH and antioxidant enzymes like GPx, GR, and SOD while increasing Bcl‐2 level and mitochondrial quadruple complex enzymes in ketamine treatment groups.ConclusionThe neuroprotective properties of Cur‐ZnO nanoparticles were efficient in preventing ketamine‐induced neurotoxicity in the mouse brain. The nanoparticle form of curcumin (Cur‐ZnO) required lower doses to produce neuroprotective effects against ketamine‐induced toxicity than conventional curcumin.
Training machine learning potentials for reactive systems: A Colab tutorial on basic models
Authors: Pan Xiaoliang , Snyder Ryan , Wang Jia‐Ning , Lander Chance , Wickizer Carly , Van Richard , Chesney Andrew , Xue Yuanfei , Mao Yuezhi , Mei Ye , Pu Jingzhi , Shao Yihan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the last several years, there has been a surge in the development of machine learning potential (MLP) models for describing molecular systems. We are interested in a particular area of this field — the training of system‐specific MLPs for reactive systems — with the goal of using these MLPs to accelerate free energy simulations of chemical and enzyme reactions. To help new members in our labs become familiar with the basic techniques, we have put together a self‐guided Colab tutorial (https://cc-ats.github.io/mlp_tutorial/), which we expect to be also useful to other young researchers in the community. Our tutorial begins with the introduction of simple feedforward neural network (FNN) and kernel‐based (using Gaussian process regression, GPR) models by fitting the two‐dimensional Müller‐Brown potential. Subsequently, two simple descriptors are presented for extracting features of molecular systems: symmetry functions (including the ANI variant) and embedding neural networks (such as DeepPot‐SE). Lastly, these features will be fed into FNN and GPR models to reproduce the energies and forces for the molecular configurations in a Claisen rearrangement reaction.
Proteomic comparison between non‐purified cerebrospinal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid‐derived extracellular vesicles from patients with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Lewy body dementia
Authors: Hirschberg Yael , Valle‐Tamayo Natalia , Dols‐Icardo Oriol , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Buelens Bart , Vandenbroucke Roosmarijn E. , Vermeiren Yannick , Boonen Kurt , Mertens Inge 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDementia is a leading cause of death worldwide, with increasing prevalence as global life expectancy increases. The most common neurodegenerative disorders are Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). With this study, we took an in‐depth look at the proteome of the (non‐purified) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the CSF‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) of AD, PD, PD‐MCI (Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment), PDD and DLB patients analysed by label‐free mass spectrometry. This has led to the discovery of differentially expressed proteins that may be helpful for differential diagnosis. We observed a greater number of differentially expressed proteins in CSF‐derived EV samples (N = 276) compared to non‐purified CSF (N = 169), with minimal overlap between both datasets. This finding suggests that CSF‐derived EV samples may be more suitable for the discovery phase of a biomarker study, due to the removal of more abundant proteins, resulting in a narrower dynamic range. As disease‐specific markers, we selected a total of 39 biomarker candidates identified in non‐purified CSF, and 37 biomarker candidates across the different diseases under investigation in the CSF‐derived EV data. After further exploration and validation of these proteins, they can be used to further differentiate between the included dementias and may offer new avenues for research into more disease‐specific pharmacological therapeutics.
Multiomic integration reveals neuronal‐extracellular vesicle coordination of gliotic responses in degeneration
Authors: Cioanca Adrian V. , Wooff Yvette , Aggio‐Bruce Riemke , Sekar Rakshanya , Dietrich Catherine , Natoli Riccardo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the central nervous system (CNS), including in the retina, neuronal‐to‐glial communication is critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis including signal transmission, transfer of trophic factors, and in the modulation of inflammation. Extracellular vesicle (EV)‐mediated transport of molecular messages to regulate these processes has been suggested as a mechanism by which bidirectional communication between neuronal and glial cells can occur. In this work we employed multiomics integration to investigate the role of EV communication pathways from neurons to glial cells within the CNS, using the mouse retina as a readily accessible representative CNS tissue. Further, using a well‐established model of degeneration, we aimed to uncover how dysregulation of homeostatic messaging between neurons and glia via EV can result in retinal and neurodegenerative diseases. EV proteomics, glia microRNA (miRNA) Open Array and small RNA sequencing, and retinal single cell sequencing were performed, with datasets integrated and analysed computationally. Results demonstrated that exogenous transfer of neuronal miRNA to glial cells was mediated by EV and occurred as a targeted response during degeneration to modulate gliotic inflammation. Taken together, our results support a model of neuronal‐to‐glial communication via EV, which could be harnessed for therapeutic targeting to slow the progression of retinal‐, and neuro‐degenerations of the CNS.
Tyrosine hydroxylase variants influence protein expression, cellular localization, stability, enzymatic activity and the physical interaction between tyrosine hydroxylase and GTP cyclohydrolase 1
Authors: Jung‐Klawitter Sabine , Richter Petra , Yuan Yuheng , Welzel Karin , Kube Marie , Bähr Stella , Leibner Alexander , Flory Egbert , Opladen Thomas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate‐limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis catalyzing the tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)—dependent hydroxylation of tyrosine to L‐DOPA. Here, we analyzed 25 TH variants associated with various degrees of dopa‐responsive dystonia and evaluate the effect of each variant on protein stability, activity and cellular localization. Furthermore, we investigated the physical interaction between TH and human wildtype (wt) GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GTPCH) and the effect of variants on this interaction. Our in vitro results classify variants according to their resistance to proteinase K digestion into three groups (stable, intermediate, unstable). Based on their cellular localization, two groups of variants can be identified, variant group one with cytoplasmic distribution and variant group two forming aggregates. These aggregates do not correlate with loss of enzymatic activity but nevertheless might be a good target for molecular chaperones. Unfortunately, no obvious correlation between the half‐life of a variant and its enzymatic activity or between solubility, stability and enzymatic activity of a given variant could be found. Excitingly, some variants disrupt the physical interaction between TH and human wildtype GTPCH, thereby interfering with enzymatic activity and offering new druggable targets for therapy. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of an in‐depth molecular analysis of each variant in order to be able to classify groups of disease variants and to find specific therapies for each subgroup. Stand‐alone in silico analyses predict less precise the effect of specific variants and should be combined with other in vitro analyses in cellular model systems.
Characteristics of high‐risk HPV infection in women with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia in Beijing, China
Authors: Ye Yanqing , Li Mingxia , Yang Wen , Xu Jia , Wang Xueqi , Ma Yaqi , Wu Di , Meng Yuanguang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe evaluated the characteristics of high‐risk human papillomavirus (Hr‐HPV) infection in different grades of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN). 7469 participants were involved in this study, of which 601 were diagnosed with VaIN, including single vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (s‐VaIN, n = 369) and VaIN+CIN (n = 232), 3414 with single cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (s‐CIN), 3446 with cervicitis or vaginitis and 8 with vaginal cancer. We got those results. First, the most popular HPV genotypes in VaIN were HPV16, 52, 58, 51, and 56. Second, our study showed that higher parity and older age were risk factors for VaIN3 (p < 0.005). Third, the median Hr‐HPV load of VaIN+CIN (725) was higher than that of s‐CIN (258) (p = 0.027), and the median Hr‐HPV load increased with the grade of VaIN. In addition, the risk of VaIN3 was higher in women with single HPV16 infections (p = 0.01), but those with multiple HPV16 infections faced a higher risk of s‐VaIN (p = 0.003) or VaIN+CIN (p = 0.01). Our results suggested that women with higher gravidity and parity, higher Hr‐HPV load, multiple HPV16 infections, and perimenopause or menopause status faced a higher risk for VaIN, while those with higher parity, single HPV16 infections, and menopause status are more prone to VaIN3.
Resurgence of human metapneumovirus infection and influenza after three seasons of inactivity in the post‐COVID‐19 era in Hokkaido, Japan, 2022–2023
Authors: Fukuda Yuya , Togashi Atsuo , Hirakawa Satoshi , Yamamoto Masaki , Fukumura Shinobu , Nawa Tomohiro , Honjo Saho , Kunizaki Jun , Nishino Kouhei , Tanaka Toju , Kizawa Toshitaka , Yamamoto Dai , Takeuchi Ryoh , Sasaoka Yuta , Kikuchi Masayoshi , Ito Takuro , Nagai Kazushige , Asakura Hirofumi , Kudou Katsumasa , Yoshida Masaki , Nishida Takeshi , Tsugawa Takeshi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFollowing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak in February 2020, incidences of various infectious diseases decreased notably in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. However, Japan began gradually easing COVID‐19 infection control measures in 2022. Here, we conducted a survey of children hospitalized with human metapneumovirus (hMPV), influenza A and B, and respiratory syncytial virus infections in 18 hospitals across Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, spanning from July 2019 to June 2023. From March 2020 to June 2022 (28 months), only 13 patients were hospitalized with hMPV, and two patients had influenza A. However, in October to November 2022, there was a re‐emergence of hMPV infections, with a maximum of 27 hospitalizations per week. From July 2022 to June 2023 (12 months), the number of hMPV‐related hospitalizations dramatically increased to 317 patients, with the majority aged 3–6 years (38.2%, [121/317]). Influenza A also showed an increase from December 2022, with a peak of 13 hospitalizations per week in March 2023, considerably fewer than the pre‐COVID‐19 outbreak in December 2019, when rates reached 45 hospitalizations per week. These findings suggest the possibility of observing more resurgences in infectious diseases in Japan after 2023 if infection control measures continue to be relaxed. Caution is needed in managing potential outbreaks.
Low‐frequency noise model development of MoS2 field effect transistor and its analysis with respect to different traps
Authors: Kumar Vydha Pradeep , Panda Deepak Kumar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this paper, an analytical drain current model of double gate MoS2 FET Transistor for low‐frequency noise (LFN) power spectral density is developed, and compared its response with the device simulation of the proposed device structure. The developed low‐frequency noise power spectral density (PSD) model is analyzed with respect to different Trap densities, Oxide thicknesses, and high K‐dielectric materials using the TCAD Device simulation tool. Low‐frequency noise is one of the most important noises in any device since it degrades the device's performance. So, in this paper, we used a unique charge‐control model for analyzing the low‐frequency noise by considering the mobility degradation, trapping, and de‐trapping effects caused by trap densities and device lattice structure. Usually, all the previous studies on drain currents with low frequency are based on fluctuations caused by mobility and carrier variations. In our paper, we even considered the charge density fluctuation to analyze the drain current equation. Using a Charge Control Model, we can compute the parameters like gate capacitance (Cgs, Cgd), channel length modulation, and body effect. While other LFN models like the DC model, small signal model, and hybrid model will focus mainly on the static characteristics of the device such as its DC current–voltage (I‐V) relationship, terminal resistances, and input/output conductance of the devices. All the analytical model results were calibrated with the device simulation and it is observed that both are matches each other. Further, it is observed that with an increase in Trap density, the low‐frequency noise increases and low‐frequency noise is dominant at lower frequencies only (1–10 Hz), and after this frequency range the thermal noise will be the dominant noise factor.
Lipid concomitant γ‐oryzanol decreased oil absorbency of French fries by changing the microstructure of French fries and physical properties of frying oil
Authors: Zhang Hai‐long , Wang Zhi‐xian , Wang Kun‐li , Du Jing , He Jun‐bo , Zhang Wei‐nong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this research was to evaluate the possibility of lipid concomitant γ‐oryzanol reducing oil absorbency of fried foods and the underlying mechanism. Therefore, the influence of γ‐oryzanol on moisture and oil content, and distribution and micromorphology of French fries and the viscosity, fatty acid composition and total polar compounds content of rice bran oil (RBO) after frying were studied.RESULTSOur results showed that the incorporation of low concentration of γ‐oryzanol [low addition group (LAG)] (5.754 g/kg) decreased the oil absorbency and porous structure of French fries during frying. Additionally, LAG incorporation inhibited the degradation of linoleic acid, decreased the growth rate of saturated fatty acids, total polar compounds and viscosity of frying oil.CONCLUSIONSConsequently, it was recommended to incorporate a small amount of γ‐oryzanol in frying oil because it could inhibit oil absorption behavior of French fries. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Properties of lime peel pectin as mainly influenced by ethanol and protein‐based purification methods
Authors: Baghdadi Fatemeh , Nayebzadeh Kooshan , Aminifar Mehrnaz , Mortazavian Amir Mohammad 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDLime peel, obtained from juice factory waste, is considered as a source of pectin. Lime peel pectin samples, extracted by three extraction procedures of 90 °C heating for 120 min, 90 °C heating for 90 min and then 32 min of ultrasound, and 80 °C heating for 60 min and then 22 min of ultrasound, and purified by two methods using ethanol and sodium caseinate (SC), were prepared and characterized.RESULTSThe results showed that the purification method significantly affected the lime pectin samples properties. Pectin samples purified with SC had a transparent and film‐like appearance, whereas the ethanol‐purified pectin samples showed an amorphous and opaque appearance. Pectin samples purified with ethanol showed higher extraction recovery (approximately 20%), whereas the lowest pectin yield was observed for the purification with SC (approximately 10%). Although SC purification did not enhance the pectin yield, it diminished the level of ‘non‐pectin’ components and resulted in purer pectin. The bands at 1045–1076 cm−1, relating to neutral sugars, had higher intensities in ethanol‐purified pectin samples, indicating their higher sugar contents. Also the samples purified with SC exhibited more thermal stability, probably as a result of the presence of protein in their structure.CONCLUSIONIn the present study, under the same or varying extraction conditions, the most important element distinguishing pectins in terms of appearance, physicochemical, thermal and Fourier transform infrared characteristics was the type of purification method. Purification with SC may result in pectins with more non‐esterified galacturonic acids from the homogalacturonan fraction. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.