bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vivo and in Silico Based Evaluation of Antidiabetic Potential of an Isolated Flavonoid from Allium hookeri in Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model
Authors: Singh Khumanthem Deepak , Chetia Dipak , Gogoi Neelutpal , Gogoi Bhaskarjyoti , Rudrapal Mithun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAllium hookeri (F: Liliaceae), an indigenous plant of Manipur, India, is traditionally used to treat various diseases and disorders like diabetes, hypertension, and stomach ache. In our previous study, the methanol extract of the plant showed significant antidiabetic potential in rats. In the present study, we evaluated the antidiabetic potential of a flavonoid compound named MEA isolated from the methanolic leaf extract of A. Hookeri in rats. Additionally, we assessed the compound's mode of action through the molecular docking study. The MEA reduced the blood glucose level from 317±12.8 to 99.4±6.67 mg/dl after 21 days of treatment. Besides, MEA also restored the body weights and other biochemical parameters including lipid profile significantly compared to the diabetic group (p<0.001). The histoarchitecture of the pancreatic tissues of the MEA treated group was also improved compared to the diabetic group. In the docking study, the compound showed good binding affinity in the active binding site of the two structures of pancreatic beta‐cell SUR1 (Sulfonylurea Receptor 1) subunit with CDocker energy −31.556 kcal/mol and −39.703 kcal/mol, respectively. The compound MEA was found to be drug‐like with non‐carcinogenic, non‐mutagenic and non‐irritant properties. These findings indicate the antidiabetic potential of MEA, which might act by modulating the pancreatic beta‐cell SUR1 subunit present in the KATP channel. Hence, the MEA would be a promising lead molecule to develop new antidiabetic drug candidates of the future.
Detection of drugs and hepatitis C virus in used syringes from a needle exchange in Gothenburg, Sweden
Authors: Bergström Moa Andresen , Andersson Maria E. , Larsson Simon B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPeople who inject drugs (PWID) are exposed to serious health risks such as lethal overdoses, addiction and infections. The patterns of drug use and the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection vary greatly between and even within countries. Data on drugs used for injection are important to inform PWID of risks and adapt healthcare. This study aimed to determine which substances are injected in Gothenburg, Sweden, and estimate the risk of HCV transmission. A total of 150 syringes handed in at the needle and syringe exchange program (NEP) in Gothenburg over a week in November 2021 were analysed for drug content using liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Using a dose‐adjusted comparison, the main drug(s) injected was distinguished from the impurities in the syringes containing several drugs. HCV RNA was quantified by real‐time PCR in an additional set of 150 syringes. Drugs were detected in >99% of analysed syringes, and the most common drugs were amphetamine (81%), followed by buprenorphine (8.0%), heroin (6.7%) and alprazolam (4.6%). Less common findings were testosterone (2.7%), methylphenidate (2.0%), MDMA (0.7%), trenbolone (0.7%) and zopiclone (0.7%). Eleven syringes (7.3%) contained more than one drug. HCV RNA was detected in 13% of the syringes, and one in 10 contained enough to potentially transmit an infection. This study underlines the importance of access to NEPs for PWID to reduce the risks associated with drug injection.
Substandard and falsified ivermectin tablets obtained for self‐medication during the COVID‐19 pandemic as a source of potential harm
Authors: Vanhee Celine , Jacobs Bram , Kamugisha Angélique , Canfyn Michael , Van Der Meersch Hans , Ceyssens Bart , Deconinck Eric , Van Hoorde Koenraad , Willocx Marie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn 2019, a global viral pandemic, due to the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, broke out. Soon after, the search for a vaccine and/or antiviral medicine began. One of the candidate antiviral medicines tested was ivermectin. Although several health authorities warned the public against the use of this medicine outside clinical trials, the drug was widely used at the end of 2020 and in 2021. Simultaneously, several reports started to emerge demonstrating serious adverse effects after self‐medicating with ivermectin. It stands to reason that the self‐administration of substandard or falsified (SF) medicines bearing harmful quality deficiencies have contributed to this phenomenon. In order to have a better view on the nature of these harmful quality deficiencies, SF ivermectin samples, intercepted in large quantities by the Belgian regulatory agencies during the period 2021–2022, were analyzed in our official medicines control laboratory. None of the samples (n = 19) were compliant to the quality criteria applicable to medicinal products. These SF products either suffered from a systematic underdosing of the active pharmaceutical ingredient or were severely contaminated with bacteria, two of which were contaminated with known pathogens that cause gastrointestinal illness upon oral intake. In addition to the direct risks of self‐medicating with such a product, the improper usage and dosage of ivermectin medication might also facilitate ivermectin tolerance or resistance in parasites. This may have detrimental consequences on a global scale, certainly as the number of newly developed active pharmaceutical ingredients that can safely be used to combat parasites is rather scarce.
Habitat traits and predation interact to drive abundance and body size patterns in associated fauna
Authors: Stelling‐Wood Talia P. , Poore Alistair G. B. , Hughes A. Randall , Everett Jason D. , Gribben Paul E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHabitat‐forming organisms provide three‐dimensional structure that supports abundant and diverse communities. Variation in the morphological traits of habitat formers will therefore likely influence how they facilitate associated communities, either via food and habitat provisioning, or by altering predator–prey interactions. These mechanisms, however, are typically studied in isolation, and thus, we know little of how they interact to affect associated communities. In response to this, we used naturally occurring morphological variability in the algaSargassum vestitumto create habitat units of distinct morphotypes to test whether variation in the morphological traits (frond size and thallus size) ofS. vestitumor the interaction between these traits affects their value as habitat for associated communities in the presence and absence of predation. We found morphological traits did not interact, instead having independent effects on epifauna that were negligible in the absence of predation. However, when predators were present, habitat units with large fronds were found to host significantly lower epifaunal abundances than other morphotypes, suggesting that large frond alga provided low‐value refuge from predators. The presence of predators also influenced the size structure of epifaunal communities from habitat units of differing frond size, suggesting that the refuge value ofS. vestitumwas also related to epifauna body size. This suggests that habitat formers may chiefly structure associated communities by mediating size‐selective predation, and not through habitat provisioning. Furthermore, these results also highlight that habitat traits cannot be considered in isolation, for their interaction with biotic processes can have significant implications for associated communities.
Knowledge graph‐based multimodal neural networks for smart‐grid defect detection
Authors: Li Kaiyang , Wang Yaoying , Zhu Tianyou , Li Jiwei , Ren Junda , Chen Zhenyu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe application of artificial intelligence in smart grid operations, particularly for defect detection, has seen remarkable progress. However, effectively leveraging multi‐modal data sources to enhance defect detection performance remains challenging. This paper presents a novel Knowledge Graph‐based Multimodal Neural Network (KGMNN) approach for robust and efficient defect detection in smart grids. Our proposed method first leverages multiple heterogeneous data sources, such as structural data, temporal sensor readings, and maintenance records, creating a comprehensive representation of the grid system. The system is then modeled as a knowledge graph, with nodes representing various entities and edges signifying their interconnections and interactions. This paper introduces a novel neural network architecture that effectively leverages the knowledge graph structure. This architecture incorporates multi‐modal fusion techniques, enabling the model to process and integrate diverse data sources. It can recognize intricate patterns indicative of potential defects that are often undetectable in individual data modes. Experimental results on several real‐world smart grid datasets demonstrate that the KGMNN significantly outperforms state‐of‐the‐art techniques in terms of precision, recall, and computational efficiency. Furthermore, the KGMNN's ability to provide explainable predictions, aided by the inherent interpretability of the knowledge graph structure, is of significant practical value in the field. This research paves the way for a new generation of AI‐powered defect detection in smart grids, facilitating enhanced grid reliability and operational efficiency.
A review on technological and urban sustainability perspectives of advanced building‐integrated photovoltaics
Authors: Constantinou Stephanos , Al‐naemi Faris , Alrashidi Hameed , Mallick Tapas , Issa Walid 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith the escalating urgency for sustainable energy alternatives, solar power in urban landscapes has gained prominence. Building‐integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems are pivotal in this shift, blending efficient energy generation with architectural aesthetics. This review casts a spotlight on BIPV technologies, with a special emphasis on the less‐explored semitransparent photovoltaics (PVs). These systems are not only energy generators but also natural light facilitators, setting them apart from their opaque PV counterparts. Advancements in both transparent and opaque PV, such as crystalline silicon, are discussed. However, the paper prioritizes semitransparent PV's unique benefits, including harmonious integration with building design and simultaneous energy and daylight management. An exhaustive examination of current literature and developments sketches BIPV's trajectory, highlighting applications, challenges, and technological strides. The narrative extols the aesthetic, financial, and efficiency merits of BIPV, particularly the semitransparent variants' blend of functionality and design. Performance optimization of BIPV systems is scrutinized across various environments and architectural styles. This meticulous discussion seeks to clarify the status quo, emerging research avenues, and future prospects of BIPV in fostering a greener energy transition. The review compares BIPV configurations with traditional solar PV systems, charting a path for enhanced energy production, cost efficiency, and aesthetic integration, with semitransparent PV as a key player. By exploring the interplay between architectural design, energy efficiency, and urban planning, this paper aims to solidify the groundwork for future research, reinforcing the sustainability narrative in urban energy infrastructure.
An ex vivo model of interactions between extracellular vesicles and peripheral mononuclear blood cells in whole blood
Authors: Rodriguez Blanca V. , Wen Yi , Shirk Erin N. , Vazquez Samuel , Gololobova Olesia , Maxwell Amanda , Plunkard Jessica , Castell Natalie , Carlson Bess , Queen Suzanne E. , Izzi Jessica M. , Driedonks Tom A. P. , Witwer Kenneth W. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) can be loaded with therapeutic cargo and engineered for retention by specific body sites; therefore, they have great potential for targeted delivery of biomolecules to treat diseases. However, the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of EVs in large animals remain relatively unknown, especially in primates. We recently reported that when cell culture‐derived EVs are administered intravenously to Macaca nemestrina (pig‐tailed macaques), they differentially associate with specific subsets of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). More than 60% of CD20+ B cells were observed to associate with EVs for up to 1 h post‐intravenous administration. To investigate these associations further, we developed an ex vivo model of whole blood collected from healthy pig‐tailed macaques. Using this ex vivo system, we found that labelled EVs preferentially associate with B cells in whole blood at levels similar to those detected in vivo. This study demonstrates that ex vivo blood can be used to study EV‐blood cell interactions.
Lidocaine inhibits migration of tenocytes by downregulating focal adhesion kinase and paxillin phosphorylation
Authors: Chang Hsiang‐Ning , Chen Chih‐Kuang , Yu Tung‐Yang , Pang Jong‐Hwei S. , Hsu Chih‐Chin , Lin Li‐Ping , Tsai Wen‐Chung 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLidocaine is the most frequently applied local infiltration anesthetic agent for treating tendinopathies. However, studies have discovered lidocaine to negatively affect tendon healing. In the current study, the molecular mechanisms and effects of lidocaine on tenocyte migration were evaluated. We treated tenocytes intrinsic to the Achilles tendons of Sprague–Dawley rats with lidocaine. The migration ability of cells was analyzed using electric cell‐substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) and scratch wound assay. We then used a microscope to evaluate the cell spread. We assessed filamentous actin (F‐actin) cytoskeleton formation through immunofluorescence staining. In addition, we used Western blot analysis to analyze the expression of phospho‐focal adhesion kinase (FAK), FAK, phospho‐paxillin, paxillin, and F‐actin. We discovered that lidocaine had an inhibitory effect on the migration of tenocytes in the scratch wound assay and on the ECIS chip. Lidocaine treatment suppressed cell spreading and changed the cell morphology and F‐actin distribution. Lidocaine reduced F‐actin formation in the tenocyte during cell spreading; furthermore, it inhibited phospho‐FAK, F‐actin, and phospho‐paxillin expression in the tenocytes. Our study revealed that lidocaine inhibits the spread and migration of tenocytes. The molecular mechanism potentially underlying this effect is downregulation of F‐actin, phospho‐FAK, and phospho‐paxillin expression when cells are treated with lidocaine.
Predicted effects of image acquisition and analysis conditions on DTMRI tractography–based muscle architecture estimates
Authors: Zhou Xingyu , Lockard Carly A. , Hooijmans Melissa T. , Damon Bruce M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeTo quantify the effects of the intrinsic signal pattern, image acquisition conditions, and data analysis conditions on diffusion‐tensor MRI (DTMRI) tractography–based muscle architecture estimates using a sampling–reconstruction assessment framework.MethodsNumerical models of muscles were constructed with realistic architectural properties. DTMRI signals were computed at signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of 24–96 and common voxel sizes. Fiber tracking was performed, and the results were compared with the known architectural properties.ResultsSNR exerted the most significant impact on the outcome. The outcome variables approached asymptotes at SNR ≈ 54. Large in‐plane voxel dimensions reduced the similarity between reconstructed fibers and the known architectural properties. Higher order polynomials helped reconstruct fibers with more complicated geometry but overfit noise for less complex geometries. The intrinsic fiber curvature also affected the robustness of polynomial smoothing to SNR. Other conditions, such as the fiber dimensionality, voxel aspect ratio, and slice thickness, did not affect the outcomes.ConclusionSNR ≥ 54 is recommended for accurate muscle architecture characterization using DTMRI. Averaged across all simulated conditions, the greatest percent errors under SNR = 54 were −5.6% and −4.0% for the pennation angle and fiber‐tract length estimates, respectively. For fiber tracts with intermediate intrinsic curvature, the greatest percent error for the curvature estimate was 9.8% for SNR = 54. Smaller in‐plane voxel size (≤1.5 mm) is preferred to minimize the estimation error in architectural properties. If necessary, slice thickness may be adjusted within typical ranges to achieve sufficient SNR when slices are aligned near the fiber direction. Third‐order polynomial fitting is appropriate for smoothing fiber tracts.
A‐Site Cation Replacement of Hydrazinium Lead Iodide Perovskites by Borane Ammonium Ions: A DFT Calculation
Authors: Ahmed Mohammad Tanvir , Islam Shariful , Ahmed Farid 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOrganometallic perovskites have become one of the most common multifunctional materials in optoelectronic research fields. This research studies density functional theory calculation on orthorhombic hydrazinium lead iodide (N2H5PbI3) perovskite by replacing A‐site cation with a borane ammonium (BH2NH3+) ion. The perovskite showed a significant structural deformation and an orthorhombic to triclinic phase transition due to A‐site ion replacement. The N2H5PbI3 perovskite has a band gap of 1.64 eV, suitable for the solar cell absorber layer. The band gap has increased to 2.12 eV after complete A‐site ion replacement. All structures showed a high absorption coefficient over 104 cm−1 in the low wavelength region and an increase in refractive index from 2.5 to 2.75 due to ion replacement. All the structures showed high optical conductivity of 1015 s−1 order in the blue wavelength region. These new perovskite structures hold the potential to provide a revolution in optoelectronic research.
Cell‐free DNA methylation‐based preeclampsia prediction: A journey to improve maternal health
Authors: Aerden Mio , De Borre Marie , Thienpont Bernard 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPresymptomatic prediction of preeclampsia (PE) is crucial to enable early prophylactic treatment. Current screening tools are either complex or lack predictive value. We recently demonstrated that cell‐free DNA methylation can be leveraged to predict early‐onset PE in 57% at a 10% false positive rate. Importantly, this minimally invasive screening test can be implemented as an add‐on to current widespread noninvasive prenatal aneuploidy screening. Here, we highlight the pitfalls and promising prospects of this research.
Rational Regulation of the Defect Density in Platinum Nanocrystals for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Li Kai , Guo Xiaoyan , Zhang Lipeng , Cao Dong , Cheng Daojian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConstructing structural defects is a promising way to enhance the catalytic activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the relationship between defect density and HER activity has rarely been discussed. In this study, a series of Pt/WOxnanocrystals are fabricated with controlled morphologies and structural defect densities using a facile one‐step wet chemical method. Remarkably, compared with polygonal and star structures, the dendritic Pt/WOx(d‐Pt/WOx) exhibited a richer structural defect density, including stepped surfaces and atomic defects. Notably, thed‐Pt/WOxcatalyst required 4 and 16 mV to reach 10 mA cm−2, and its turnover frequency (TOF) values are 11.6 and 22.8 times higher than that of Pt/C under acidic and alkaline conditions, respectively. In addition,d‐Pt/WOx//IrO2displayed a mass activity of 5158 mA mgPt−1at 2.0 V in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs), which is significantly higher than that of the commercial Pt/C//IrO2system. Further mechanistic studies suggested that thed‐Pt/WOxexhibited reduced number of antibonding bands and the lowest dz2‐band center, contributing to hydrogen adsorption and release in acidic solution. The highest dz2‐band center ofd‐Pt/WOxfacilitated the adsorption of hydrogen from water molecules and water dissociation in alkaline medium. This work emphasizes the key role of the defect density in improving the HER activity of electrocatalysts.
Alveoli‐Mimetic Synergistic Liquid and Solid Thermal Conductive Interface as a Novel Strategy for Designing High‐Performance Thermal Interface Materials
Authors: Zheng Sijia , Xue Haiyan , Liu Ying , Yu Xing , Cao Zhihai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThermal interface materials (TIMs) are in desperate desire with the development of the modern electronic industry. An excellent TIM needs desired comprehensive properties including but not limited to high thermal conductivity, low Yong's modulus, lightweight, as well as low price. However, as is typically the case, those properties are naturally contradictory. To tackle such dilemmas, a strategy of construction high‐performance TIM inspired by alveoli is proposed. The material design includes the self‐alignment of graphite into 3D interconnected thermally conductive networks by polydimethylsiloxane beads (PBs) ‐the alveoli; and a small amount of liquid metal (LM) – capillary networks bridging the PBs and graphite network. Through the delicate structural regulation and the synergistic effect of the LM and solid graphite filler, superb thermal conductivity (9.98 ± 0.34 W m−1 K−1) can be achieved. The light emitting diode (LED) application and their performance in the central processing unit (CPU) heat dispersion manifest the TIM developed in the work has stable thermal conductivity for long‐term applications. The thermally conductive, soft, and lightweight composites are believed to be high‐performance silicone bases TIMs for advanced electronics.
Quantum (in)stability of maximally symmetric space-times
Authors: Ghosh Jewel K. , Kiritsis Elias , Nitti Francesco , Nourry Valentin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Classical gravity coupled to a CFT4 (matter) is considered. The effect of the quantum dynamics of matter on gravity is studied around maximally symmetric spaces (flat, de Sitter and Anti de Sitter). The structure of the graviton propagator is modified and non-trivial poles appear due to matter quantum effects. The position and residues of such poles are mapped as a function of the relevant parameters, the central charge of the CFT4, the two R2 couplings of gravity as well as the curvature of the background space-time. The instabilities induced are determined. Such instabilities can be important in cosmology as they trigger the departure from de Sitter space and in some regions of parameters are more important than the well-known scalar instabilities. It is also determined when the presence of such instabilities is unreliable if the associated scales are larger than the “species” cutoff of the gravitational theory.
Three loop QCD corrections to the heavy-light form factors in the color-planar limit
Authors: Datta Sudeepan , Rana Narayan , Ravindran V. , Sarkar Ratan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We present the analytic expressions for the color-planar contributions to the heavy-light form factors at three loops in perturbative QCD. These form factors play an important role in the precision predictions of various observables in top quark and flavour physics. We compute the master integrals using the method of differential equations. We perform the ultraviolet renormalization for all the appearing fields and parameters. The analytic results for the renormalized form factors are expressed in terms of generalized harmonic polylogarithms. We also study the Sudakov behaviour of these form factors in the asymptotic limit, which enables us to obtain the complete logarithmic three-loop and partial four-loop contributions.