bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective effect of <i>Rosemarinus officinalis</i> on gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury in adult male albino rats
Authors: Waswa Kennedy Wanyonyi , Marera Domnic , Korir Scolastica , Masoni Isaac 
Published: October 2023

Background: Gentamicin (GN) drug is one of the first-line drugs for managing severe gramnegative bacteria. Its association with acute kidney injury (AKI) has restricted its use due to oxidation damage to kidney architectural structures. Rosmarinus Officinalis (rosemary) is anatural antioxidant available and affordable in many developing countries. Antioxidants can be used to prevent oxidation that causes AKI in GN use. This study was undertaken to evaluate the protective gross morphological effect of Rosmarinus Officinalis (RO) on Gentamicin- induced acute Kidney injury in male albino rats’ species of Rattus norvegicus.
Methodology: The study was done in Kenya at Maseno University. A posttest true experimental design was used, and a sample size of 25 Albino rats was calculated using a resource-modified equation. Rats were randomly sampled into 5 groups, each with 5 albino rats. The negative control group received a standard rat diet plus water, the positive control received GN100,mg/kg/bwt/i.p, low-dose RO, medium-dose RO, and high-dose RO groups received 100,150 and 200 mg/kg/bwt of RO orally, respectively, and were co-administered with GN 100mg/kg/bwt/i.p. At the end of day seven, they were humanely sacrificed, and gross morphometric were taken.
Results: It was observed that the mean weight of the rat, weight, and volume of the kidney increased significantly (p= 0.001) in high-dose RO group as compared to the positive control. The mean length and thickness in high-dose RO group increased significantly (p=0.0001) as compared to the positive control.
Conclusion: This present study shows that co-administration of a high dose of RO has a protective effect on gross morphology against Gentamicin-induced AKI among male albino rats.
Determinants of cadaver acquisition at Human Anatomy Learning Institutions in Kenya
Authors: Siwa Benard , Adero Walter , Oyieko Willis , Marera Domnic , Ongeti Kevin 
Published: October 2023

Background: Human anatomy instruction in Kenya is based on dissection of cadavers during practical sessions. Institutions get these cadavers using procedures available to them. However, the processes used are not standardized, and several problems are likely to develop during the cadaver acquisition process. Several factors appear to have an impact on the source, availability, and cadaver collection techniques. Some of the issues affecting cadaver acquisition may not be sufficiently addressed by current anatomy practice guidelines. This study evaluated the determinants of cadaver acquisition at human anatomy learning institutions in Kenya.
Methodology: Anatomists and anatomy laboratory personnel handling cadavers in Kenya were interviewed for the study. A cross-sectional study design was used, as well as a purposive sampling strategy. The self-administered surveys were completed by 68 study participants. The data was tallied, loaded into SPSS version 26 for analysis, then plotted into graphs and tables for interpretation.
Results: Cadavers were mostly acquired from unclaimed bodies (100%). In most situations (80.9%), anatomy laboratory technicians oversee cadaver collection. A cadaver acquisition delay of more than two weeks was reported by 80.88% of respondents. According to 44.12% of respondents, the biggest reason for cadaver collecting delays was the need for financial compensation. Most cadavers (98.5%) are obtained through lobbying at the source. According to 92.6% of responders, defaced or damaged cadavers are mostly rejected. According to 94.2% of respondents, the Kenya Anatomy Act has no instructions on how to obtain cadavers.
Conclusion: The efficiency of cadaver acquisition is affected by several factors that affect both the procedure and the people in charge of procuring the cadavers. Institutions in Kenya lack a comprehensive cadaver acquisition policy that describes the procedure and personnel in charge of procuring cadavers. There is no specified documented protocol or guideline for cadaver acquisition in the Kenya anatomy act.
Age estimation using orthopantomograms and Demirjian method among children attending dental clinics in western Kenya
Authors: Brian Ode , Opondo Immaculate , Adero Walter , Oyieko Willis , Marera Domnic 
Published: October 2023

Background: Various methods have been used to estimate age in different populations among them being Demirjian which has widely been utilized. However, in Kenya, there is hardly any approved method that can be used to achieve this purpose, hence the need to determine the available methods for estimating the age of children in Western Kenya. Therefore, this study aimed at estimating radiological age using Demirjian method among children attending dental clinics in Western Kenya.
Methods: The study adopted a cross- sectional descriptive design and used Yamane Taro (1967) formulae to find a sample size of 171 panoramic radiographs of children aged between 5-17 years which were examined in order to determine the tooth maturity stages (A-H) for the first seven mandibular teeth on the left side. Each maturity stage was then assigned a corresponding maturity score as per Demirjian conversion tables for boys and girls, summed up and converted into dental age. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, standard error of mean was presented in tables and graphs while inferential statistics such as linear regression was used to measure the deviation and test of significance.
Results: The overall mean dental age was 8.16 ± 2.7 with a standard error of mean of 0.211. The female and male mean dental age deviated from the chronological age at ±2.22 years and ±1.68 years respectively at 95% Confidence interval.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the study revealed an underestimation of the dental age from chronological age using Demirjian method among children of African origin.
Restorative effects of Silymarin milk thistle on the liver following paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in adult albino rats
Authors: Ngetich Davis Kiprono , Korir Scolastica , Okoth Molly 
Published: October 2023

Background: Paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity has been on the rise worldwide and there is a need for restorative measures to counter its effect. Silymarin milk thistle is an herb that has been used for the treatment of liver conditions. This current study aimed at determining the restorative effects of silymarin milk thistle on the liver morphology and terminal body weight of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity among albino rats.
Methodology: This study was conducted at Maseno University, and a posttest-only experimental design was used. A total of 24 adult albino rats were randomly selected and grouped into four groups, each consisting of six albino rats. Positive control received (5 days of high-dose paracetamol 750mg/kbwt) and negative control received no drug intervention. Three experimental groups received high-dose paracetamol for five days and were thereafter given varying doses of silymarin milk thistle (low- dose group: 200 mg/kbwt, medium-dose: 400 mg/kbwt and high-dose: 600 mg/kbwt) of silymarin milk thistle. Gross liver morphological data and body weight were expressed as mean ± SEM. A one-way ANOVA analysis of variance was used to test the mean groups and a post hoc test was used to test the difference between the mean groups. A p ≤ 0.05 was found to have statistical significance at a 95% confidence interval.
Results: This current study found that there was a significant (p≤ 0.0001) increase in mean weight, volume, length, and width of the liver in the high dose silymarin milk thistle group as compared to the positive control group. There was a significant (p≤ 0.0001) reduction in the terminal mean body weight of the rats in the positive control group, low dose silymarin group and the medium dose silymarin group respectively, as compared to the negative control group.
Conclusion: Silymarin milk thistle was found to have restorative effects on the liver morphology and body weight following paracetamol toxicity at high dose.
Assessing the spatial pattern of public primary schools in Moro Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar Abdulkarim , Daukere Bitrus Eniyekenimi , Jamilu Idris , Yahaya Ishaya Kuku 
Published: October 2023

Education is one of the most significant investments a nation can make in its citizens that can address poverty and inequality in the nearest future. This study sought to assess the spatial pattern of public primary schools in Moro Local Government Area (LGA) of Kwara State, Nigeria. The purpose of the study was to look at the geographic distribution and the level of inequality of the public primary schools in the study area. The number, names and addresses of public primary schools were obtained from the unit of the planning, research and statistics department of Moro Local Government Education Authority (MGLEA) while the data on the geographic location of the public primary schools were gotten via GPS device (Mreno 120, Garmin). Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentages and Lorenz curve were used to assess the distribution of public primary schools in the study area. These data were also analyzed using Nearest Neighbour Analysis (NNA) to derive the spatial pattern of public primary schools in the area. Findings revealed that there are one hundred and fifty six (156) public primary schools in Moro LGA. Findings further revealed that Malete had the highest percentage of public primary schools with 10.3%, followed by Megida with 9.6% while Ajanaku and Pakunma had the least public primary schools, with 1.9% and 2.6%, respectively. The NNA result of the spatial pattern of public primary schools produced a clustered pattern at 0.01% significance level with the Nearest Neighbour Ratio (NNR) of 0.86 and a Z-Score of -3.39. The paper consequently recommends that Moro LGC should liaise with the Kwara state government and other relevant stakeholders in order to ensure that the allocation of primary schools is distributed equitably throughout the LGA for easy accessibility.
Comparative antibacterial efficacies of the extracts of <i>Enantia chlorantha</i> (Awopa) on selected clinical isolates
Authors: Kamoldeen Ajijolakewu Abiodun , Toyosi Ajide-Bamigboye Nimat , Yetunde Omotunde Munirat , Abiodun Ayoola Saheed 
Published: October 2023

Researchers and health scientists are challenged by the phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance which has necessitated the need for the discovery of novel antimicrobial agents. This study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of the bark of Enantia chlorantha (Awopa) based on extractions using selected polar and non-polar solvents (Aqueous, Dichloromethane, Petroleum ether, and N-hexane). Antimicrobial activities were investigated against six clinical isolates (Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) via the agar well diffusion assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were also determined by the macro broth dilution method. The phytochemical components of the extracts were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The dichloromethane extract of E. chlorantha expressed the highest antimicrobial activity against all the test organisms with K. pneumonia being the most susceptible with (21.50 mm zone of inhibition) at a concentration of 50mg/mL; while C. albicans was the least susceptible organism with 3.00 mm zone of inhibition at concentration of 500mg/mL. On the other hand, extract from the petroleum ether expressed no antimicrobial activities, based on the absence of the zones of inhibition around the cultures of the respective organisms. Mainly the Dichloromethane and aqueous extracts of E. chlorantha expressed varying organism-dependent MIC on the test isolates. While the lowest MIC of dichloromethane extract was expressed on S. aureus at 6.25mg/mL; the highest MIC (50mg/mL) was exerted on C. albicans. Phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of glycosides, oxalates, steroids, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenol, triterpenes, saponin and phytate; while terpenoid was not found in all the plant’s extracts. Findings in this study suggest that the bioactive ingredients of E. chlorantha barks could be best extracted by polar solvents which are evident in the superior antimicrobial activities of dichloromethane and aqueous extracts. The non-polar solvents such as n-hexane and petroleum ether are poor extractant, thus necessitating the need to carefully select suitable solvent for the extraction of any plant’s bioactive compounds.
Navigating Nollywood Filmmaking in Covid-19 Pandemic through New Technology
Authors: Ajiwe Uchechukwu Chimezie , Chukwu-Okoronkwo Samuel O. 
Published: October 2023

Despite the challenges posed to film production by the lockdown during the pandemic and post-pandemic period, some filmmakers still explored new technological media to express their creative ideas about the situation in which the nation and world were enmeshed. With the need for continuity editing in the construction of visual narratives, it appears that the psychological effect of a narrative is dependent on the mode in which it is constructed to represent the ideologies to be construed. This paper examines the communicative potentials of shots in Obi Emelonye's Heart 2 Heart (2020) shot within the Pandemic era with the use of phones, coordinated and collated with the zoom communication application before editing. It highlights the aggressive psychological and emotional impact of the pandemic as x-rayed in the narrative anchoring on Kipendoff's and Urajav, Begum & Pavadai’s cognitive semiotic theories to explain the communicative impact of the film narrative and technical possibilities in this 21st century brought together through film. It is hoped that the paper would provoke film scholars and filmmakers to explore new ideas in film and the need for more study on cognitive semiotics.
How Has the Traditional Anthropocentric Traits of Africans Influence Their Time Expressions?
Authors: Nnajiofor Osita 
Published: October 2023

This paper aims to establish some salient anthropocentric traits that influence African existential expression of time. This paper arose due to the preposterous claim that Africans are lousy, indifferent and terrible timekeepers. Many scholars have linked this indifference to Mbiti’s claim that Africans have a limited idea of the future. I argued in this paper that in traditional African society, Africans were good managers of time because they manipulated time to their advantage. I however observed that this uneasiness in time management arrived with the missionaries and the colonialists. Hence, Africa’s inability to conceive their indigenous time and the contemporary Western time at the same time gave rise to this crisis of time conception in Africa. Despite this crisis, I maintain that time is like a language spoken differently and understood differently in each tradition. I conclude that to understand African time conception, one has to understand their pre-colonial anthropocentric traits which inform their existential expression.
Textual Analysis of Acceptance and Declaration Speeches of Selected 2023 Presidential Candidates in Nigeria
Authors: Anyanwu Esther 
Published: October 2023

Language remains a great asset to its users; its indispensability in politics is quite remarkable. This study examined how the English language has been utilized by 2023 presidential candidates in Nigeria. The researcher examined the acceptance and declaration speeches of selected 2023 presidential candidates-Ahmed Tinubu of All Progressive Congress (APC), Atiku Abubakar of Peoples’ Democratic Party (PDP), and Peter Obi of Labour Party (LP). The study was anchored on the theoretical framework of cohesion. However, the approach adopted was a comparative study. The researcher compared how the three candidates used the English language in the presentation of their acceptance and declaration speeches to find out the cohesive devices that were employed to assure the people that their multifarious problems would be solved. The researcher identified the grammatical, lexical and clausal relations in consonance with their functions/roles in the political speeches examined. The present research was deemed necessary as the researcher discovered that nobody (as of the time of this study) has done a textual analysis of the acceptance speeches of these presidential candidates. It was found that the three candidates used cohesive devices as their campaign tools. The researcher also found out that clausal relations employed in the texts were internal procedures and interpretations which helped the speakers in achieving both registeral and generic coherence.
Fictional Reality Environments in Child’s Learning: Evaluating Screen Institution in <i>Harry Potter: The Sorcerer’s Stone and My Kids and I</i>
Authors: Aniukwu Nkemakonam 
Published: October 2023

The Nigerian youth’s restiveness and licentious acts have come under the purview of the public interest in recent times. Consequently, the rise of ritual killings and other social vices amongst the younger generation in the country questions the teaching model and learning environments designed to impart knowledge to Nigerian children. The objective of this study is to evaluate the aptitudes of fantastical and realistic film environments in child’s learning and nurturing. The study, through the adoption of the content analysis approach of qualitative research method, evaluated the impact of the fantasy genre and fictional reality film environments on children and thus analysed. Harry Potter: The Sorcerer’s Stone (A British Fantasy Film) and My Kids and I (A Nigerian Fictional Reality Film). The study utilised Skolnick Weisberg's theory of Mise-en-place: Setting the Stage and Nkemakonam Aniukwu’s Screen Institution Postulation, in examining the influence of fantastical and fictional reality film environments in child’s learning. The study discovered that some films produced in the Nollywood film industry have the capacity of thwarting the child’s mind and this could lead to misconceptions of certain principles and standards of the society and subsequently change his behaviour towards other members of the public. Parents should also play a vital role in monitoring and curtailing what the children are watching on their screen interface.
PERSPEKTIF ARSITEKTUR RESILIENSI BANGUNAN
Authors: Agustinus Hamek  , Hilarius Sinong  , Valerinus Adiputra  
Published: October 2023

Bencana alam merupakan hal yang tidak bisa dihindari, harus dihadapi sebagai bagian dari berkehidupan di Indonesia. Resiliensi arsitektur yang dapat berupa regulasi dan teknik membangun harus dapat mengakomodasi kebutuhan keamanan penduduk dari bencana-bencana yang terjadi. Masalah penelitian adalah bagaimana peran arsitektur dalam tanggap bencana alam? Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survey, interview dan studi literatur. Sistem Arsitektur tanggap Bencana merupakan kesatuan sistem yang diterapkan dan dilaksanakan oleh suatu Arsitektur, pemerintah beserta komponen masyarakat yang terintegrasi dalam suatu sistem dan prosedur yang konkret, dalam rangka menghadapi keadaan darurat bencana alam, maupun sektor informal yang berpotensi menimbulkan gangguan bagi stabilitas keamanan.
Natural disasters are inevitable, they must be faced as part of living in Indonesia. Architectural resilience that can be in the form of regulations and building techniques must be able to accommodate the security needs of the population from disasters that occur. The research problem is what is the role of architecture in the response to natural disasters? The methods used are surveys, interviews and literature studies. Disaster Response Architecture System is a unified system implemented and implemented by an architecture, government and community components that are integrated in a concrete system and procedure, in order to deal with natural disaster emergencies, as well as the informal sector that has the potential to cause disturbances to security stability.
REDESAIN PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS PALANGKA RAYA DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR ECO-TECH
Authors: Verianto Noventri  , Petrisly Perkasa  , Ni Putu Diah Agustin Permanasuri  
Published: October 2023

Universitas Palangka Raya, Jl. Yos Sudarso - Palangka Raya, 74874
Perpustakaan merupakan salah satu penunjang dalam bentuk sarana dan fasilitas untuk pendidikan, perpustakaan memiliki peran yang penting terutama pada jenjang perguruan tinggi. Keberadaan perpustakaan sendiri tentu harus memberi kesan kenyaman baik dilihat dari dalam ataupun luar ruangan oleh pemustaka. Universitas Palangka Raya, saat ini jika dilihat dari kondisi fisik perpustakaan dapat dikatakan tidak memberikan kesan menarik serta kenyaman untuk sebuah perpustakaan dan menyebabkan rendahnya minat baca mahasiswa atau pemustaka yang datang. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini untuk membuat kembali perencanaan dan perancangan perpustakaan Universitas Palangka Raya. Pendekatan yang digunakan ialah menggunakan Arsitektur Eco-Tech, dengan mengedepankan prinsip yang berwawasan lingkungan ataupun efisiensi energi, agar konsisten terhadap konsep yang ramah lingkungan tanpa adanya perubahan yang merusak lingkungan
ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DI DESA BUDUK KECAMATAN MENGWI KABUPATEN BADUNG
Authors: I Wayan Putra Irawan  , Ir. I Ketut Adhimastra, M.Erg.  
Published: October 2023

Sampah merupakan sisa kegiatan sehari-hari manusia dan/atau proses alam yang berbentuk padat maupun cair. Pesatnya perkembangan penduduk, menyebabkan jumlah sampah hasil aktivitas penduduk dari tahun ke tahun semakin meningkat khususnya di Desa Buduk Kecamatan Mengwi Kabupaten Badung. Permasalahan dari penelitian ini adalah proses pengolahaan sampah di Desa Buduk mulai dengan pewadahan yang tidak tersedia, pengumpulan, pemindahan pengangkutan, pengolahan dan pembuangan akhir yang dilakukan belum sesuai mekanisme. Tujuan dari penilitian adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana sistem pengolahan sampah yang ada di Desa Buduk Kecamatan Mengwi Kabupaten Badung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif bisa dipahami sebagai prosedur riset yang memanfaatkan data deskriptif, berupa kata-kata tertulis atau lisan dari orang-orang dan pelaku yang dapat diamati. Teknik penelitian yang dilakukan dengan cara survei lapangan, focus group discussion yang melibatkan partisipan, wawancara terbuka, dan studi literatur. Partisipan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Perbekel Buduk, Ketua BUMDes Buduk Mitra Winangun dan yang terkait di desa. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa pengelolaan sampah di Desa tersebut masih kurang baik hal ini dikarenakan tidak adanya lahan untuk pengelolaaan sampah, fasilitas sarana dan prasarana yang masih belum memadai, dan tingkat kesadaran masyarakat yang masih rendah akan pentingnya pengelolaan sampah dengan baik dan benar. Saran yang bisa diberikan adalah dengan melakukan sosialisasi tentang pengelolaan sampah yang baik dan benar, jadwal rutin gotong royong bersih desa dan memasukkan anggaran untuk pembangunan yang akan digunakan untuk tempat pengelolaan sampah.