bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Ahtiainen Raisa , Hanhimäki Eija , Leinonen Jaana , Risku Mika , Smeds-Nylund Ann-Sofie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis volume provides a comprehensive overview and in-depth coverage of contemporary aspects of leadership in the field of education. It brings together scholars to explore critically and discuss leadership in education in the Finnish education system in relation to international discourses around the topic. The aim is to unravel the nature of the Finnish approach to educational leadership regarding theory and practice and to discuss the theme in various educational contexts; how the Finnish educational success and wellbeing of children, youngsters and educational communities can be supported and enhanced through leadership. Moreover, this volume sheds light on the national characteristics and composition of leadership, policy and governance in education, and at the same time bridges the Finnish and international discussions. The purpose is to increase the knowledge concerning existing variations between countries in terms of the development and position of leadership within educational policy and governance and to provide a reflection surface for both Finnish and international readers to examine their national educational leadership arrangements.
Moral Professionalism in the Context of Educational Leadership
Authors: Hanhimäki Eija 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter aims to investigate moral professionalism in the context of educational leadership. Many researchers have investigated school administration ethics and ethical educational leadership based on case studies. However, the moral, ethical and nonrational aspects have been omitted from the discussion, even if they are present in school policies and practices. This chapter includes an analysis of data gathered as narratives in a study of educational leaders and teachers (N = 82) who participated in two educational leadership training programmes from 2019 to 2021 at one Finnish university. Based on the results, the kinds of ethical dilemmas the educational leaders encountered and how they worked as moral professionals were identified. The results showed that the main parties, in both ethically easy and ethically difficult dilemmas, were staff members. In the ethically easy dilemmas, the main theme concerning staff was interactions and conflicts; in the ethically difficult dilemmas, it was work arrangements. The most frequently mentioned principles and values in the ethical dilemmas were fairness, justice, equality, the child’s interest and well-being.
The Leadership Group as a Means for Teacher Participation and Leadership Distribution
Authors: Ahtiainen Raisa , Heikonen Lauri 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFor decades, discussion around school development and leadership has emphasised various collaborative practices, active participation, and distribution of responsibilities. The sharing of responsibilities in the decision-making processes exists in many forms in Finnish education, and there are some forms of leadership distribution in most schools, despite the school size. One of the typical ways of sharing responsibilities is to form a leadership group. In our chapter, we examine what meanings are given to leadership groups as leadership structures in school communities, and through which discourses teachers’ participation in decision-making is constructed. The data comprise principals (N = 56), teacher-leaders (N = 125), and teachers (N = 130) responses to two open-ended questions in an electronic survey in 2019. In this study, teacher-leader refers to a teacher with experience of being a member of the leadership group, whereas teacher refers to a teacher with no leadership group work experience. A range/determination approach to discourse was employed to reach an understanding regarding the research problem. The discourses on the practice of the leadership group and teacher participation were formed around positioning the leadership group in the school context, and elements that functioned as enablers or hindrances to teacher participation in decision-making.
Educational Policy, Governance, and Leadership
Authors: Alava Jukka , Kola-Torvinen Pia , Risku Mika 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter investigates the educational policy and governance, and also leadership in educational contexts in Finland from the 1950s into today’s on-going reforms. The investigation continues the debates of several Finnish researchers on past Finnish educational policy and administration. In addition, it follows the recent research on how school keeping has evolved into the present educational leadership in Finland. This research also presented the general definition for Finnish educational leadership applied in this chapter. As to the description and definition of educational policy and governance, the handling will follow research on the development of Finnish educational policy and governance in the Finnish complex and dynamic operational environment during the 2000s. Finally, the chapter investigates how Finland appears to be directing and developing its educational policy, governance, and leadership into the future. This includes the analysis of the Finnish government Education Policy Account 2021, which maps Finnish educational policy, governance, and leadership into 2040, and of other relevant topical education policy documents. With the analysis, we present both future aspirations and educational policy mechanisms, efforts, and experimentation to reach the aspired education policy goals.
Understanding Leadership in Educational Leadership Research in Finland
Authors: Korva Saana , Laine Pikka-Maaria 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis systematic literature review focuses on previous academic research on leadership in the context of the Finnish education system for minors, including early childhood education and care through the secondary level. The aim is to examine how leadership is understood in the focal studies. This is accomplished by acknowledging the leadership concepts of the studies, identifying the locus of leadership in them and ontologically differentiating their understandings of collective. According to the results, leadership was mostly defined as a collective, social phenomenon in nature. Most of these studies drew from an entity-based ontology, meaning that collective forms of leadership were seen as different types of leadership the characteristics of which were studied. Only a few studies drew from process ontology examining collective to be constituted within a flow of relations. The results are discussed in light of international educational leadership research and from the perspective of leadership research approaches in management and organisation studies. Based on our study, we encourage the future research on educational leadership to draw from various ontoepistemological approaches to strengthen the understanding of educational leadership.
The Theory of Pedagogical Leadership: Enhancing High-Quality Education
Authors: Fonsén Elina , Lahtero Tapio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we introduce the pedagogical leadership theory of Finnish scholars Fonsén and Lahtero and provide ideas and tools to enhance understanding about the foundation of pedagogical leadership in the background of high-quality comprehensive education and early childhood education.Dimensions that influence the success of pedagogical leadership are Value, Context, Organisational culture, Professionalism and Management of substance. From the viewpoint of the principal’s work, it is also essential to examine one of the organisational culture’s sub-cultures, leadership culture. The work of principal constitutes many tasks and duties, which can be defined as the indirect and direct pedagogical leadership using the idea of the broad-based pedagogical leadership. The four aspects of human capital that leaders need for pedagogical leadership are: The dimensions of increased knowledge, awareness of the quality of the implemented pedagogy, Skills to lead development, and Ability to argue for pedagogy. In addition, we introduce Leadership competence model for leading pedagogy and curriculum implementation, and model for early childhood education teachers’ professional development towards pedagogical leadership.
(Re)Imagining the Relationship Between Society and Nature in Northern Chilean Patagonia: Encounters and (Mis)Encounters with the Modern World
Authors: Zunino Hugo Marcelo , Spirito Florencia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we examine the emergence of alternative ways for inhabiting the territory of Southern Chile which invite us to consider that other models of living are possible. First, we compare Indigenous and Western paradigms for sustainability. This serves as a framework through which we can then evaluate different alternative living projects. We document and describe three local community projects that are being developed in the mountainous area of the Araucanía region, which have raised awareness through a profound transformation of the way people relate to nature, to each other, and to themselves. The three projects are as follows: (1) a community project that recreates Mesoamerican Indigenous practices; (2) the Waldorf Educational Project, which represents a pedagogical counterproposal developed by the European spiritual thinker Rudolf Steiner (1861–1925); and (3) permaculture projects that seek other, new forms of food production through a close link with nature. We observe that although these projects open paths, they also present limitations and contradictions to re-imagining our relationship with the world. We suggest that in order to respond to the current multidimensional crisis we must construct new forms of living that break away from the dualistic ways of thinking that we have inherited from modernity.
Gemeinsam Musizieren und die Soziologie der Musik
Authors: Vollmer Theresa 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDie in diesem Kapitel vorläufig leitende Fragestellung lautet: Wie musizieren Menschen in Streichensembles gemeinsam? (Kapitel II). Sie bildet die Grundlage für den hier dargelegten Forschungsstand der Soziologie der Streichensembles und wird am Schluss des Kapitels zur Forschungsfrage präzisiert. Da es sich um eine soziologische Arbeit handelt, scheint es zunächst naheliegend, sich auf soziologische Untersuchungen zu fokussieren.
Predicting Postoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Colorectal Surgery with an Enhanced Recovery Pathway
Authors: Ren Li , Lv Feng , Min Su , Jin Juying , Qin Peipei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundReducing postoperative complications is the essential requirement of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program. This study aimed to identify the key perioperative components affecting postoperative complications in patients undergoing colorectal surgery with ERAS.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included all patients who underwent major colorectal surgery with ERAS program between February 2019 and June 2020, all perioperative information was retrieved from a database. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors for complications within 30 days postoperatively, and a nomogram model was drawn to visualize the model. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and calibration curve were used to evaluate the model performance.ResultsWe enrolled 649 patients and 72 patients (11.1%) had at least 1 complication within 30 days postoperatively. Multivariate analyses showed that minimally invasive surgery [odds ratio (OR) 0.323; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.168–0.620] was associated with a decreased of the complications. However, preoperative anemia (OR 2.052; 95%CI 1.073–3.928) and old age (OR 1.927; 95%CI 1.022–3.632) were independent risk factors for complications within 30 days postoperatively. The C‐index of the nomogram was 0.735 (95%CI 0.694–0.776). Calibration curve showed a relatively good agreement between predicted value and observed outcome. In the validation set, the nomogram showed an area under the ROC curve of 0.729 (95%CI 0.680–0.778).ConclusionsThis study suggests that preoperative anemia, old age and minimally invasive surgery may individually influence the prognosis of patients undergoing major colorectal surgery with an enhanced recovery pathway.Trial registration Clinical Trial Registry (number: ChiCTR2000037513).
The comorbidity and co-medication profile of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Greten Stephan , Wegner Florian , Jensen Ida , Krey Lea , Rogozinski Sophia , Fehring Meret , Heine Johanne , Doll-Lee Johanna , Pötter-Nerger Monika , Zeitzschel Molly , Hagena Keno , Pedrosa David J. , Eggers Carsten , Bürk Katrin , Trenkwalder Claudia , Claus Inga , Warnecke Tobias , Süß Patrick , Winkler Jürgen , Gruber Doreen , Gandor Florin , Berg Daniela , Paschen Steffen , Classen Joseph , Pinkhardt Elmar H. , Kassubek Jan , Jost Wolfgang H. , Tönges Lars , Kühn Andrea A. , Schwarz Johannes , Peters Oliver , Dashti Eman , Priller Josef , Spruth Eike J. , Krause Patricia , Spottke Annika , Schneider Anja , Beyle Aline , Kimmich Okka , Donix Markus , Haussmann Robert , Brandt Moritz , Dinter Elisabeth , Wiltfang Jens , Schott Björn H. , Zerr Inga , Bähr Mathias , Buerger Katharina , Janowitz Daniel , Perneczky Robert , Rauchmann Boris-Stephan , Weidinger Endy , Levin Johannes , Katzdobler Sabrina , Düzel Emrah , Glanz Wenzel , Teipel Stefan , Kilimann Ingo , Prudlo Johannes , Gasser Thomas , Brockmann Kathrin , Hoffmann Daniel C. , Klockgether Thomas , Krause Olaf , Heck Johannes , Höglinger Günter U. , Klietz Martin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is usually diagnosed in elderly. Currently, little is known about comorbidities and the co-medication in these patients.

Objectives
To explore the pattern of comorbidities and co-medication in PSP patients according to the known different phenotypes and in comparison with patients without neurodegenerative disease.

Methods
Cross-sectional data of PSP and patients without neurodegenerative diseases (non-ND) were collected from three German multicenter observational studies (DescribePSP, ProPSP and DANCER). The prevalence of comorbidities according to WHO ICD-10 classification and the prevalence of drugs administered according to WHO ATC system were analyzed. Potential drug–drug interactions were evaluated using AiDKlinik®.

Results
In total, 335 PSP and 275 non-ND patients were included in this analysis. The prevalence of diseases of the circulatory and the nervous system was higher in PSP at first level of ICD-10. Dorsopathies, diabetes mellitus, other nutritional deficiencies and polyneuropathies were more frequent in PSP at second level of ICD-10. In particular, the summed prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was higher in PSP patients. More drugs were administered in the PSP group leading to a greater percentage of patients with polypharmacy. Accordingly, the prevalence of potential drug–drug interactions was higher in PSP patients, especially severe and moderate interactions.

Conclusions
PSP patients possess a characteristic profile of comorbidities, particularly diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The eminent burden of comorbidities and resulting polypharmacy should be carefully considered when treating PSP patients.
Common pathogenic bacteria-induced reprogramming of the host proteinogenic amino acids metabolism
Authors: Li Xiao-yue , Zeng Zi-xin , Cheng Zhi-xing , Wang Yi-lin , Yuan Liang-Jun , Zhai Zhi-yong , Gong Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractApart from cancer, metabolic reprogramming is also prevalent in other diseases, such as bacterial infections. Bacterial infections can affect a variety of cells, tissues, organs, and bodies, leading to a series of clinical diseases. Common Pathogenic bacteria include Helicobacter pylori, Salmonella enterica, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and so on. Amino acids are important and essential nutrients in bacterial physiology and support not only their proliferation but also their evasion of host immune defenses. Many pathogenic bacteria or opportunistic pathogens infect the host and lead to significant changes in metabolites, especially the proteinogenic amino acids, to inhibit the host’s immune mechanism to achieve its immune evasion and pathogenicity. Here, we review the regulation of host metabolism, while host cells are infected by some common pathogenic bacteria, and discuss how amino acids of metabolic reprogramming affect bacterial infections, revealing the potential adjunctive application of amino acids alongside antibiotics.
Comparison of computational fluid dynamics with transcranial Doppler ultrasound in response to physiological stimuli
Authors: Caddy Harrison T. , Thomas Hannah J. , Kelsey Lachlan J. , Smith Kurt J. , Doyle Barry J. , Green Daniel J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCerebrovascular haemodynamics are sensitive to multiple physiological stimuli that require synergistic response to maintain adequate perfusion. Understanding haemodynamic changes within cerebral arteries is important to inform how the brain regulates perfusion; however, methods for direct measurement of cerebral haemodynamics in these environments are challenging. The aim of this study was to assess velocity waveform metrics obtained using transcranial Doppler (TCD) with flow-conserving subject-specific three-dimensional (3D) simulations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Twelve healthy participants underwent head and neck imaging with 3 T magnetic resonance angiography. Velocity waveforms in the middle cerebral artery were measured with TCD ultrasound, while diameter and velocity were measured using duplex ultrasound in the internal carotid and vertebral arteries to calculate incoming cerebral flow at rest, during hypercapnia and exercise. CFD simulations were developed for each condition, with velocity waveform metrics extracted in the same insonation region as TCD. Exposure to stimuli induced significant changes in cardiorespiratory measures across all participants. Measured absolute TCD velocities were significantly higher than those calculated from CFD (P range < 0.001–0.004), and these data were not correlated across conditions (r range 0.030–0.377, P range 0.227–0.925). However, relative changes in systolic and time-averaged velocity from resting levels exhibited significant positive correlations when the distinct techniques were compared (r range 0.577–0.770, P range 0.003–0.049). Our data indicate that while absolute measures of cerebral velocity differ between TCD and 3D CFD simulation, physiological changes from resting levels in systolic and time-averaged velocity are significantly correlated between techniques.
Identifying relevant psychosocial factors in the care of people with dementia: findings of a focus group study with health professionals and informal caregivers
Authors: Ross Sabrina D. , Ziegert Nadja , Rodriguez Francisca S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aim
The extent to which psychosocial factors are considered in the treatment and care of people with dementia is unknown, despite their promising treatment effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the relevance, implementation, and the challenges of integrating psychosocial factors in dementia care.

Subject and methods
A qualitative design, in adherence to the COREQ checklist, was used with three expert focus groups in the treatment and care of people with dementia (10 health professionals and 6 informal caregivers). The focus group discussions were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results
It emerged that psychosocial factors, particularly social contact, seem to come with a beneficial effect on daily life performance and general well-being. Psychosocial interventions also seem to aid people with dementia in experiencing competency. Findings also indicate that needs, interests, and preserved abilities should be the focus when deciding on the integration of psychosocial factors into care. Perceived barriers to the implementation of psychosocial factors in daily life were bureaucracy, inadequate staffing, cost, societal challenges, and limited offers of appropriate psychosocial services.

Conclusion
Psychosocial factors were consistently perceived as beneficial. Programs should be developed to address the barriers and implement model projects within the respective medical health care system to serve the dementia patients in the community as a whole.
Epistemological Implications of Perceptual Pluralism
Authors: Pantazakos Themistoklis 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPerceptual systems that integrate different principles and/or a different architecture at large may produce substantially varied outputs from the same scene. I call this thesis perceptual pluralism and I bring related empirical evidence to bear on the epistemological debate on perception. I argue that perceptual pluralism, coupled with the position that at least some different kinds of perception are equally successful in guiding interaction with the world, serve to undermine the thesis that the typical human perception is uniquely veridical. Last, I consider perspectival realism as the epistemological stance that is prospectively best suited to this state of affairs, and provide a method for evaluating whether this prospect holds up.
Residual waste management in London, England: a reality check
Authors: Minhas Nadia , Gerassimidou Spyridoula , Iacovidou Eleni 
Published: October 2023

AbstractResidual waste is a key fraction of municipal solid waste generated, yet its management is poorly understood and has gained little attention over the past years. Using London as a case study, the present study analyses the amount of residual waste collected and managed to check on how well ahead the UK is in making progress on achieving the circular economy principles. The study found that 5 Mt of residual waste is reported to be managed in London, of which 3.5 Mt is managed via recovery operations and 1.59 Mt is managed via disposal operations. For the latter, landfills are the principal disposal option taking in 0.82 Mt of residual waste each year. Amongst the recovery options, incineration with energy recovery, is the most prevalent, accounting for the management of 1.44 Mt of residual waste. This highlights the presence of an important technological lock-in that could jeopardise UK’s ability to achieve its net zero carbon ambition. It is worth noting that the data collated and analysed depicts the movements of residual waste rather than its final treatment, pointing to blind spots in the final fate of residual waste as well as potential double counting; both of which prevent decision- and policy-making. Therefore, the need for transparency in data recording and monitoring and the creation of a level playing field for all stakeholders involved in residual waste management are of paramount importance in gradually breaking reliance on destructive treatment processes. This could empower improved segregation of waste at source, and in turn, enable the better management of residual waste. The study underlines that residual waste has a significant role to play in making the transition to a circular economy and therefore is imperative to pave the way for future policy direction on residual waste management.