bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE RELATION BETWEEN UMBILICAL CORD TISSUE PROSTAGLANDIN E2 LEVELS, MODE OF ONSET OF LABOUR, FETAL DISTRESS AND METHOD OF DELIVERY
Authors: Willman Eve A. , Rodeck C. H. , Collins W. P. , Clayton S. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe tissue concentrations of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured by radioimmunoassay in components of the umbilical cord. The levels were significantly higher in the walls of arteries than in non‐vascular tissue from the umbilical cord. The highest values were found after emergency Caesarean sections and the lowest after induced labour ending in normal delivery. The use of forceps and the presence of fetal distress were both associated with significantly raised tissue concentrations of PGE2.
PLASMA OESTROGENS IN A PREGNANCY ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC HAEMODIALYSIS
Authors: Marwood R. P. , Ogg C. S. , Coltart T. M. , Klopper A. I. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPregnancy in a patient undergoing regular haemodialysis at home is described. The pregnancy was complicated by antepartum haemorrhage due to a Type I placenta praevia, and premature labour occurred at 32 weeks, resulting in spontaneous vaginal delivery of a live infant which survived. Plasma progesterone, oestrone, unconjugated oestradiol and oestriol levels were normal during the last two weeks of pregnancy, but failed to show a characteristic fall in the puerperium. The conjugated oestriol fraction was 20 to 30 times the normal mean level and did not fall after delivery. These findings are discussed.
NON‐PREGNANT MATERNAL PLASMA VOLUME AND FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION BY
Authors: Croall J. , Sherrif Susan , Matthews Jennifer 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe hypothesis that low maternal blood volume is an aetiological factor in fetal growth retardation was considered. It was found that a high proportion of women who had repeatedly given birth to small‐for‐dates babies had a low non‐pregnant plasma volume.
PULSED OXYTOCIN INFUSION IN THE INDUCTION OF LABOUR
Authors: Pavlou C. , Barker G. H. , Roberts A. , Chamberlain G. V. P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA randomized controlled trial was mounted in which induction of labour at term was successfully accomplished in 12 patients by amniotomy and intermittent (or pulsed) oxytocin, compared with 16 patients receiving continuous oxytocin. In the pulsed group, oxytocin was infused for one minute in every ten using a modified Cardiff Infusion System Mark III in the automatic setting. Compared with the control group the induction‐delivery and induction‐to‐full‐dilatation intervals were similar but the total dose of oxytocin required was significantly lower in the pulsed group than in the control group.
INDUCTION OF LABOUR BY PHARMACOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL DOSES OF INTRAVENOUS OXYTOCIN
Authors: Toaff M. E. , Hezroni J. , Toaff R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn addition to membrane rupture, pharmacological doses of oxytocin (2·6 mU/ minute rising stepwise to 422·4 mU/minute) were used in 134 patients and the results compared to those obtained in 144 patients given only physiological doses of oxytocin (2·6 to 13·2 mU/minute). Pharmacological doses of oxytocin gave better results in terms of induction‐delivery intervals, incidence of failed inductions and puerperal morbidity. The incidence of hypertonus was similar in both groups and unrelated to oxytocin doses. A uterine activity of 276 Montevideo units, modified to 200 to 220 Montevideo units for grande multiparae, is defined as the goal of oxytocin treatment in induction of labour. A sign of imminent uterine tetany in the intrauterine pressure curve (the ‘damping sign’) is described.
A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF SELECTIVE PLANNED DELIVERY
Authors: Martrn D. H. , Thompson W. , Pinkerton J. H. M. , Watson J. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA prospective randomized controlled trial designed to investigate selective planned delivery is reported: 264 obstetrically normal women in the 38th week of pregnancy were admitted to this trial and 184 completed it. The infants of mothers in the planned delivery group had higher serum bilirubin levels on the fifth day post partum than control infants but no baby required treatment for hyperbilirubinaemia. Mothers in the planned delivery group required significantly greater amounts of pethidine while control mothers had a significantly higher incidence of meconium staining of the amniotic fluid. However, the infants in the two groups had similar Apgar scores at birth. There was one stillbirth in the control group; this was due to unrecognized fetal hypoxia during labour induced at 42 weeks for postmaturity.
MATERNAL SERUM ALPHA‐FETOPROTEIN LEVELS IN TRIPLET AND QUADRUPLET PREGNANCY
Authors: Wald N. , Cuckle H. , Stirrat G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMaternal serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) levels were higher in six triplet pregnancies and three quadruplet pregnancies than in control singleton pregnancies matched for maternal age, parity and time of gestation at which the serum sample was taken. Between 12 and 23 weeks of pregnancy, the average AFP levels among the triplet pregnancies was three times that found in the singleton pregnancies, and the level in the quadruplet pregnancies was even higher. Maternal serum AFP levels appear to be associated with the number of fetuses in utero.
FETAL ELECTROMECHANICAL INTERVALS IN LABOUR
Authors: Robinson H. P. , Adam A. H. , Fleming J. E. E. , Houston Anne , Clark D. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMeasurements of fetal cardiac electromechanical intervals were obtained in two groups of patients before and during labour. This was achieved by means of a system, developed in our Department, which allows the simultaneous recording of the fetal electrocardiogram and filtered Doppler signals from the fetal heart. The intervals studied were the pre‐ejection period (PEP), the phase of isovolumetric contraction (IVC) and the left ventricular ejection time (LVET). Mean and SD values prior to the onset of labour were established and found to be 73.6±4.7 mseconds, 38.9±5.8 mseconds, and 155.2±9.6 mseconds respectively. While LVET varied inversely with heart rate, PEP and IVC showed no such correlation. In the second part of the study, serial measurements were made throughout labour in 22 patients. Eighteen of these fetuses had normal pH values at or near delivery, and in 16 of them PEP measurements varied by less than 10 mseconds from the pre‐labour value, the remaining two fetuses exhibiting an unexplained shortening of this interval. All four fetuses with evidence of acidosis at delivery had PEP measurements which lengthened by more than 10 mseconds during labour. It is suggested that, with further development and experience, this technique may prove to be a useful adjunct to current methods for intrapartum fetal monitoring.
A CERVIMETER FOR CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF CERVICAL DILATATION IN LABOUR—PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Authors: Richardson J. A. , Sutherland I. A. , Allen D. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe briefly review instruments that have been used to measure cervical dilatation and describe the development of a new cervimeter. Curves derived from cervical dilatation and intrauterine pressure traces are presented in a form that clearly records the activity of the uterus and the response of the cervix to individual contractions. Our results suggest a new concept for behaviour of the cervix in labour.
OESTRADIOL PRODUCTION BY HUMAN GRAAFIAN FOLLICLES CULTURED IN VITRO
Authors: Biggs J. S. G. , Baker T. G. , Hutchon D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIntact human Graafian follicles recovered during the preovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle and cultured in vitro, gave a mean oestradiol production of 33 ng/hour over periods of 4 to 92 hours. Treatment of follicles with human pituitary gonadotrophin or human chorionic gonadotrophin resulted in an increased production of oestradiol.
HYPOTHYROIDISM IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Kennedy A. L. , Montgomery D. A. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwo mothers with hypothyroidism gave birth to normal infants. In one patient there was good evidence that maternal hypothyroidism improved during the last trimester due to placental transfer of fetal thyroid hormone. If pregnancy is advanced when the diagnosis of hypothyroidism is made, it would seem that replacement therapy may be withheld without detriment to the fetus.
A COMPARISON OF PLASMA LEVELS OF PROGESTERONE, OESTRADIOL, UNCONJUGATED OESTRIOL AND TOTAL OESTRIOL WITH URINARY TOTAL OESTROGEN LEVELS IN CLINICAL OBSTETRIC PRACTICE
Authors: Allen E. Irene , Lachelin Gillian C. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma levels of progesterone (P), oestradiol (OE2), unconjugated oestriol (OE3) and total OE3 were measured in blood samples taken from patients with fetal growth retardation, pre‐eclampsia and other complications of pregnancy. The levels were compared with the 24‐hour urinary excretion levels of total oestrogen (OE) in these patients, and with the plasma levels found in 31 normal pregnant patients from whom blood samples were taken serially from 21 weeks gestation onwards. There was good correlation between plasma unconjugated and total OE, levels, and urinary OE levels (r = 0.77). In 12 patients with fetal growth retardation and no other abnormality, levels of all hormones were significantly lower than normal; unconjugated OE3, total OE3, and urinary OE levels were significantly less than 1 SD below the normal mean. In 22 patients with mild or moderate pre‐eclampsia who were delivered of normal birth weight infants none of the hormone levels were significantly different from normal. In 12 patients with mild or moderate pre‐eclampsia in association with fetal growth retardation OE2, unconjugated OE3 and urinary OE levels were significantly lower than normal, and total OE3 levels were significantly less than 1 SD below the normal mean. In 12 patients with severe pre‐eclampsia, OE2, levels were significantly less than 1 SD below the normal mean and unconjugated OE3, total OE3, and urinary OE levels were significantly less than 2 SD below the normal mean. In studies of diurnal and day‐to‐day variation the coefficients of variation for P were respectively 12.7 per cent and 14.2 per cent, for OE2, 11 per cent and 12.7 per cent, for unconjugated OE3, 15.6 per cent and 14.1 per cent, and for total OE3, 15 per cent and 15.8 per cent. It was concluded that measurements of plasma total OE, and urinary OE were probably of comparable value and that the plasma estimation had much to commend it.
PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH IN A TRUE HERMAPHRODITE FOLLOWING RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY
Authors: Mayou B. J. , Armon P. , Lindenbaum R. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn 18‐year‐old Tanzanian true hermaphrodite became pregnant one month after reconstructive vaginal surgery. Chromosomal analysis of the mother showed a 46 XX constitution; a chromosome 21 carried a large short arm which might have contained Y chromosome material.
OBSERVATIONS ON MATERNAL AND FETAL FERRITIN CONCENTRATIONS AT TERM
Authors: Kelly Anne M. , Macdonald D. J. , McDougall A. Neil 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe concentration of serum ferritin was measured in 115 paired maternal and cord specimens obtained from patients delivering at term. There was a significantly lower concentration of ferritin in cord serum when the maternal value was 10 44g/l or less. The maternal ferritin appeared to be lower in mothers who had three or more previous pregnancies or were socially deprived.
UTERINE CIRSOID ANEURYSM
Authors: McLachlan M. S. F. , Bird C. C. , Naiem E. A. , Scott J. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryCirsoid (or varicose) aneurysm of the uterine vessels causes severe, life‐threatening uterine bleeding. Previous trophoblastic neoplasia is a common predisposing factor. Diagnosis is by arteriography and may be missed without it.
ROUTINE ADMINISTRATION OF IRON AND VITAMINS DURING PREGNANCY: REVIEW OF CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: Hemminki Elina , Starfield Barbara 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe purpose of this review was to determine whether routine administration of iron and vitamins during pregnancy had beneficial effects on birth weight, length of gestation, infant morbidity and mortality, and maternal morbidity and mortality. We searched for controlled clinical trials done in developed Western countries and reported in English, German, Finnish, and Scandinavian languages. Seventeen trials were found. In one trial, women who received vitamin B6 developed less dental caries. In another trial women receiving several different minerals and vitamins had fewer deliveries before the 40th week and less pre‐eclampsia. In a third study, women receiving polyvitamin concentrate had less pre‐eclampsia. None of the studies reported any benefit for other outcomes.
PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF PREMATURE LABOUR BY DRUGS: REVIEW OF CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: Hemminki Elina , Starfield Barbara 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThis review sought evidence from 18 controlled clinical trials about the benefits of drugs (hormones, ethanol or β‐sympathomimetic agents) used to prevent premature birth. Of the 16 trials comparing drug with placebo, 13 were judged to be methodologically adequate. In eight trials, drugs were given prophylactically and in five they were given therapeutically. Two of the therapeutic trials found the drug more effective than placebo in postponing delivery. However, only one therapeutic trial and one prophylactic trial found the drug to affect favourably the outcome for the infant. The side effects of the drugs were not systematically studied. Additional clinical trials are needed to justify the use of drugs to inhibit labour.
THROMBOXANE B2, IN AMNIOTIC FLUID BEFORE AND DURING LABOUR
Authors: Mitchell M. D. , Keirse M. J. N. C. , M. Anderson Anne B. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryConcentrations of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) have been measured in amniotic fluid obtained during late pregnancy and labour. Samples taken at amniocentesis contained significantly lower levels of TXB2 than samples taken by amniotomy for the induction of labour which in turn contained significantly less than when the same procedure was performed during labour. In the latter group there was no correlation between the degree of cervical dilatation and the concentration of TXB2. There was no correlation between gestational age and the concentration of TXB2 in amniotic fluid obtained at amniocentesis whereas there was a significant correlation (P<0·025) between these parameters when fluid was taken by amniotomy before labour. It is suggested that the relative activities of the enzymes responsible for the conversion of prostaglandin endoperoxides to prostaglandins, thromboxane A, and prostacyclin may be of great importance during parturition.
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROPRANOLOL IN MENOPAUSAL HOT FLUSHES
Authors: Coope Jean , Williams Susan , Patterson J. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA prospective, double‐blind, randomized comparison of propranolol, 40 mg three times daily, and matching placebo showed propranolol to be no more effective than placebo in controlling hot flushes in a group of 25 perimenopausal women. Other menopausal symptoms, such as insomnia and palpitations, were equally unaffected. However, a very close correlation was found between the daily atmospheric temperature and the number of flushes occurring in the group.
THE USE OF CATHETER‐TIP PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF INTRAUTERINE PRESSURE IN LABOUR
Authors: Steer P. J. , Carter M. C. , Gordon A. J. , Beard R. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe disadvantages of the fluid filled polythene catheter used for measuring intrauterine pressure have been overcome by designing a catheter with a pressure transducer at the tip. The information which it gives is accurate and reliable. The optimum method of use has been determined and clinical trials performed. There is no demonstrable morbidity from its use.
PERFORATION OF A PLACENTAL FETAL VESSEL BY AN INTRAUTERINE PRESSURE CATHETER
Authors: Nuttall I. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPerforation of a fetal vessel on the placental surface by an intrauterine catheter is reported. The immediate recognition of this unusual complication is important. To minimize the risks of perforation, haemorrhage and infection, several precautions should be observed when inserting the catheter.
SERUM FREE FATTY ACIDS, INSULIN AND BLOOD GLUCOSE IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Taylor G. Oladunni , Modie J. A. , Agbedana E. O. , Akande E. O. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBlood glucose, serum insulin and free fatty acid levels were determined in 60 pregnant and 44 non‐pregnant women. The mean blood glucose level was significantly lower in pregnant women than in non‐pregnant women but there were no significant changes during pregnancy. The mean serum insulin and free fatty acid levels were not significantly different from the levels for the nonpregnant women, there was also no significant change in their mean levels throughout pregnancy.
UNCONJUGATED SERUM OESTRIOL LEVELS IN MOTHER AND BABY WITH MECONIUM STAINING OF THE AMNIOTIC FLUID
Authors: Gorwill R. H. , Sarda Inder R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTo examine the effect on oestrogen metabolism of the stimulus which causes the passage of meconium, we measured maternal venous and cord artery and vein serum unconjugated oestriol levels in 46 patients with meconium staining of the amniotic fluid and 19 controls. Mean cord vein oestriol levels were significantly lower than in controls in the presence of meconium stained amniotic fluid and no fetal acidosis (cord artery buffer base of 36·2 meq/l or more) (P<0·02). The same tendency was seen with acidotic infants (P<O·O5). There is thus evidence of a change in oestrogen metabolism associated with meconium staining of the amniotic fluid.
TRANSFER OF DIGOXIN ACROSS THE PLACENTA AND INTO BREAST MILK
Authors: Chan Vivian , Tse T. F. , Wong Vivian 
Published: August 2005

SummaryEleven mothers given digoxin throughout pregnancy because of rheumatic heart disease were studied. Digoxin was identified in the placenta and, for the first time, in milk. Paired cord and maternal blood samples obtained at parturition showed lower digoxin levels in cord blood than in maternal blood. The total tissue‐bound digoxin level in the placenta correlated closely with maternal digoxin levels. These findings suggest strongly the presence of a placental barrier for digoxin. Similar digoxin concentrations (0·825±0·015 nmol/l) were found in milk samples obtained daily between the third and seventh days postpartum. The half‐life of digoxin in the newborn was 36·2±5·43 hours (Mean±SEM); thus all the digoxin present at birth would be excreted within 10 to 11 days.
NEONATAL SERUM BILIRUBIN LEVELS IN SPONTANEOUS AND INDUCED LABOUR
Authors: Sivasuriya M. , Tan K. L. , Salmon Y. M. , Karim S. M. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn investigation was made into the onset and severity of neonatal jaundice in 114 patients following spontaneous labour and labour induced by (a) amniotomy, (b) amniotomy and simultaneous infusion of oxytocin, (c) amniotomy and simultaneous administration of oral prostaglandin E2, (PGE2,). No significant difference in serum bilirubin levels in the first five days of life was found in the four groups.
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION WITH FROZEN STORED DONOR SEMEN
Authors: Bromwich P. , Kilpatrick M. , Newton J. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe results of artificial insemination with donor semen (AID) are reported. The semen samples were stored in liquid nitrogen until needed. Eighty‐two pregnancies occurred in 214 patients treated for 1610 cycles. Life table conception rates were 24·3±2·9 after six months and 32·7±3·3 after 12 months of treatment. Thirty of the 82 patients conceived within three treatment cycles and 53 by the sixth treatment cycle. Of the 82 pregnancies, there were 12 miscarriages, no stillbirths or neonatal deaths and one baby was born with a congenital abnormality.
PREGNANCY‐ASSOCIATED PLASMA PROTEIN B (PAPP‐B) IN NORMAL AND ABNORMAL PREGNANCIES AT TERM
Authors: Lin T‐M. , Halbert S. P. , Spellacy W. N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAt term, the pregnancy‐associated plasma protein B (PAPP‐B) level in normal pregnancy was correlated with placental and newborn weights, but not with nine other normal obstetric variables. It was lower in pregnancies complicated by diabetes or severe toxaemia, and higher in twin pregnancies.
MELATONIN IN AMNIOTIC FLUID DURING HUMAN PARTURITION
Authors: MITCHELL M. D. , Sayers Linda , Keirse M. J. N. C. , Anderson Anne B. M. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryConcentrations of melatonin have been measured in amniotic fluid obtained during late pregnancy and labour. Samples obtained by amniotomy during labour contained higher concentrations of melatonin than samples taken a t amniotomy for the induction of labour. Amniotic fluid obtained by amniocentesis in late pregnancy contained lower concentrations of melatonin than amniotic fluid obtained by amniotomy. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to pineal influences on parturition.
INDUCTION OF OVULATION WITH CLOMIPHENE AND HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN IN WOMEN WITH HYPERPROLACTINAEMIC AMENORRHOEA
Authors: Mcgarrigle H. H. G. , Sarris S. , Little Valerie , Lawrence Daphne , Radwanska Ewa , Swyer G. I. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySeventeen women complaining of infertility (one with primary amenorrhoea, 14 with secondary amenorrhoea, and two with oligomenorrhoea) all had hyper‐prolactinaemia and were treated with clomiphene citrate and human chorionic onadotrophin (HCG), and plasma oestradiol, FSH and LH levels were measured. Although adequate pre‐ovulatory oestradiol levels were present, the surge of LH was absent until the injection of HCG after which all patients ovulated. There were 12 pregnancies in 9 patients resulting in 10 full‐term livebirths, one premature livebirth and one continuing pregnancy. The relevance of these findings to the possible role of prolactin in amenorrhoea is discussed.
VASCULAR ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN UTERUS AND PREGNANCY WASTAGE
Authors: Burchell R. Clay , Creed Francis , Rasoulpour Mina , Whitcomb M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn uteri removed at hysterectomy the uterine arteries were injected with radio‐opaque media and the vascular configuration was correlated with reproductive histories. Patients whose uteri had two ascending uterine arteries on each side had significantly more abortions and smaller newborn infants than patients with a single ascending branch of the uterine artery.
LONGER THOUGH LIGHTER MENSTRUAL AND INTERMENSTURAL BLEEDING WITH COPPER AS COMPARED TO INERT INTRAUTERINE DEVICES
Authors: Guillebaud J. , Bonnar J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA randomized serial study of uterine blood loss was made of 281 women fitted with one of three intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs): a Lippes loop D, a Dalkon shield or a Copper 7. The increase in the amount of blood loss was greatest with Lippes loop D users and least with Copper 7 users. However, the duration of menstrual and intermenstrual bleeding and of spotting was significantly greater among Copper 7 users than with the two inert devices. Thus the mechanisms whereby IUCDs increase the duration as opposed to the volume of uterine bleeding may be different. Previous users of oral contraceptives were found to have significantly less bleeding before IUCD insertion, but showed a similar pattern of increase of uterine bleeding after IUCD insertion to those who had not used oral contraceptives. For all three IUCDs, the increment in amount and duration of uterine bleeding after insertion decreased between the first and the sixth period, on average by about 15 ml and one to two days. No subsequent improvement was found and after 12 cycles the Copper 7 users had longer but less heavy uterine blood loss than users of the Lippes loop D.