bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Structuring of Black Silicon Wafers by Ion-Flow-Stimulated Roughening Transition: Fundamentals and Applications for Photovoltaics
Authors: Gorshkov Vyacheslav N. , Stretovych Mykola O. , Semeniuk Valerii F. , Kruglenko Mikhail P. , Semeniuk Nadiia I. , Styopkin Victor I. , Gabovich Alexander M. , Boiger Gernot K. 
Published: October 2023

Ion-flow-stimulated roughening transition is a phenomenon that may prove useful in the hierarchical structuring of nanostructures. In this work, we have investigated theoretically and experimentally the surface texturing of single-crystal and multi-crystalline silicon wafers irradiated using ion-beam flows. In contrast to previous studies, ions had relatively low energies, whereas flow densities were high enough to induce a quasi-liquid state in the upper silicon layers. The resulting surface modifications reduced the wafer light reflectance to values characteristic of black silicon, widely used in solar energetics. Features of nanostructures on different faces of silicon single crystals were studied numerically based on the mesoscopic Monte Carlo model. We established that the formation of nano-pyramids, ridges, and twisting dune-like structures is due to the stimulated roughening transition effect. The aforementioned variety of modified surface morphologies arises due to the fact that the effects of stimulated surface diffusion of atoms and re-deposition of free atoms on the wafer surface from the near-surface region are manifested to different degrees on different Si faces. It is these two factors that determine the selection of the allowable “trajectories” (evolution paths) of the thermodynamic system along which its Helmholtz free energy, F, decreases, concomitant with an increase in the surface area of the wafer and the corresponding changes in its internal energy, U (dU>0), and entropy, S (dS>0), so that dF=dU – TdS<0, where T is the absolute temperature. The basic theoretical concepts developed were confirmed in experimental studies, the results of which showed that our method could produce, abundantly, black silicon wafers in an environmentally friendly manner compared to traditional chemical etching.
FORMATION OF BASIC CIVIL DEFENSE COMPETENCES DURING THE TRAINING OF HIGHER EDUCATION SEEKERS UNDER THE MARTIAL LAW CONDITIONS
Authors: KONDEL V. 
Published: October 2023

The article analyzes the research of scientists on the training of highly qualified specialists in civil protection. It has been proven that in the conditions of full-scale Russian military aggression, constant air warning signals and missile danger, the organization of safe training conditions during military operations and strict compliance with safety rules in the event of a life-threatening situation is extremely important. Examples of the teaching of the discipline "Civil Defense" show the process of forming basic competencies during the training of students of higher education under martial law, responsibility for collective and individual safety during emergency situations, the ability to make effective decisions taking into account the specifics of future professional activity and scientific and technical achievements progress.
To solve the assigned tasks, the discipline considers various topics devoted to the legislation of Ukraine on civil protection, principles and measures of protection of the population and territories, monitoring of dangers caused by emergency situations, civil protection in educational institutions of Ukraine, potent poisonous substances, forecasting of the situation and planning of protection measures in zones of radioactive, chemical and biological contamination, informing the population in the conditions of emergency situations and the rules of behavior in these conditions, providing psychological assistance and analyzing the vital needs of the population in emergency situations, the influence of human factor parameters on security management, and organizational measures to increase the level of civil protection in peacetime and wartime.
For the qualitative mastering of the discipline, the author of the article has developed methodological recommendations for 6 practical classes from the "Civil Defense" course, the quality of which allows future specialists to acquire not only the knowledge necessary for mastering the discipline, but also to form basic competencies for further professional activity under martial law.
The analysis of scientific sources and materials prepared by the author for conducting practical classes with master's students showed that, having mastered the discipline "Civil Defense", future specialists will have not only the necessary knowledge, but also professional competences that will help them make responsible decisions regarding the prevention of emergency situations of peace and war time, and in the event of their occurrence - reliable protection of the population, territory, environment and property.
In further research, attention should be paid to the special training in civil protection of master's students studying at a pedagogical university in various specialties, taking into account their future professional activities.
STUDY OF THE CREATIVITY OF ARTISTS OF FOLK EMBROIDERY ARTS OF POLTAVIA BY FUTURE TEACHERS OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
Authors: TYTARENKO V. 
Published: October 2023

The article highlights the aspects of studying the work of women artists of the folk embroidery art of Poltava region by future teachers of labor education. It was found that the Poltava region is rich in the names of a large number of representatives of various fields of folk art and handicrafts, who are famous for their originality, skill, perfection and poetics, and have passed on their experience and traditions of their native region to the next generations.
The importance of the tasks facing the pedagogical community, not only of a didactic, but also of a general cultural dimension, is substantiated: to gradually and continuously explore deeper and deeper national traditions in the field of embroidery and to revive them through the education of children and youth, using a retrospective method.
Optimization of measurement in self-aligned liquid crystal optical control devices with two-slit Young’s experiment
Authors: Watanabe Tomoya , Okada Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We have investigated an interference experiment of the two-slit Young experiment using an improved self-alignment (SA) liquid crystal optical control device structure. The newly developed SA process and optimization of slit structure and slit width were redesigned to micron size in order to make the interference pattern clear. As a result, we observed a clear NOT logic operation where the center peak intensity of the incident light is inverted.
Broadening of attention dilates the pupil
Authors: Kolnes Martin , Uusberg Andero , Nieuwenhuis Sander 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInconclusive evidence suggests that the pupil is more dilated when the breadth of attention is broad compared to narrow. To further investigate this relationship, we recorded pupil size from healthy volunteers while inducing trial-wise changes in breadth of attention using a shape-discrimination task where participants had to remember the location of a gap in a small or a large circle. A visual search task with targets presented at different distances from the centre of the screen was used to behaviourally assess the success of the manipulation of breadth of attention. Data were analysed using a generalised additive mixed model to test the experimental effects on pupil size after controlling for the effects of gaze location and eye vergence. The results showed that the pupil was more dilated in the broad-breadth-of-attention condition compared to the narrow-breadth-of-attention condition. However, the effect of attentional breadth on visual search performance was not mediated by pupil size, suggesting that more research is needed to understand the functional role of pupil dilation in relation to breadth of attention.
Discovery of Seven Volcanic Outbursts on Io from an Infrared Telescope Facility Observation Campaign, 2016–2022
Authors: Tate Christian D. , Rathbun Julie A. , Hayes Alexander G. , Spencer John R. , Pettine Madeline 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study analyzes near-infrared measurements of Io, Jupiter's moon, observed over 170 nights from 2016 to early 2022 using the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF). During this period, seven new volcanic outbursts—the most energetic volcanic events on Io—were discovered and characterized, increasing the total number of observed outburst events from 18 to 25. We also present simplified criteria for the thermal detection of an outburst, requiring it to be both confined to a specific location of Io and above a threshold intensity in the Lp band (3.8 μm).
Our measurements use 2–5 μm photometry in eclipse, Jupiter occultation, and reflected sunlight. In addition to extending the observational data set of Io's dynamic activity, these data provide insights into the temporal and spatial distribution of outbursts on Io. Notably, all seven outbursts were detected in Io's trailing hemisphere. These include Pillan Patera and a newly discovered repeating outburst location at Acala Fluctus. We add these events to the rare category of recurring outbursts; before this, Tvashtar was the only known example. We observed that another outburst at UP 254W decreased in Lp-band intensity by a factor of 2 in 4.5 hr. In 2021 August, Io exhibited high volcanic activity when two powerful outbursts rapidly appeared, propagating east. Our findings underscore IRTF's ongoing contributions to the study of Io.
A scoring system for laparoscopic cholecystectomy to pick up difficult cases
Authors: Morsy Morsy Mohamed , Mohamed Salah Ibrahim , Abobakr Abobakr Mahfouz , Fadel Bashir Abouelsoued 
Published: October 2023

Background
The conventional surgical treatment for cholelithiasis is laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), although some patients still require conversion to open cholecystectomy, primarily due to technical challenges. Risk factor prediction before surgery aids in determining intraoperative challenges. There are several rating systems that can be used to anticipate intraoperative challenges during LC. However, a trustworthy and consistent scoring and prediction system must be developed.

Aim and objectives
to reduce complications from LC and establish a score system to anticipate difficult LC before surgery.

Patient and methods
This observational cohort research, which involved 50 patients with calculous cholecystitis, was conducted at the General Surgery Department of the Assiut University Hospitals. One day before to surgery, all patients undergoing elective LC underwent scoring procedures. The intraoperative activities were all documented. Every patient got the usual postoperative treatment and monitoring.

Result
The preoperative score and LC results were significantly correlated.

Conclusion
The improvement of patient counselling, surgical planning, and postoperative expectations is made possible by identifying preoperative risk factors that indicate difficult LC. These variables also assist the surgeon in LC difficulty prediction and in maintaining a lower threshold for conversion under tough intraoperative situations.
Results of botox treatment in anal fissures (Our experience); Central Customs Hospital
Authors: Safiyeva Aynur K. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction
Anal fissures appear clinically as a rip in the anal canal distal to the dentate line, causing agonizing discomfort during defecation. Acute and chronic anal fissures are the two types of anal fissures. Acute anal fissures usually heal fully within 5–6 weeks. Conservative treatment, on the other hand, loses value and becomes ineffectual as the anal fissure progresses to the chronic stage. Botulinum toxin injections are now commonly used to treat anal fissures in recent years.

Patients and procedures
24 patients with anal fissure were studied retrospectively at Azerbaijan’s Central Customs Hospital. The patients were divided into 15 females and 9 males. For the toxin preparation and injection operation, we employed 100 units of Botox Tip A. from Allergan in the United States. The purpose of the trial was to see how well botulinum injections worked for treating anal fissures.
The average age of the 24 patients was 46.92.5. There were two ladies and nine males among the 24 patients who were initially eligible for the trial. According to the location of the anal fissure, it was discovered that in men, the anal fissure is primarily positioned on the back wall of the anal canal, whereas in women, it is placed on the anterior wall and both walls. After botox, all patients experienced complete clinical improvement.

Conclusion
Botulin injection is a feasible surgical option for treating anal fissures and is considered a successful surgery.
Comparative study between stapled and open hemorrhoidectomy results with one-year follow-up
Authors: Salama Mostafa M. , Hossainy Ahmed F.El , Rihan Maged 
Published: October 2023

Background
Hemorrhoids are one of the most prevalent diseases of mankind, affecting 4%–36% of the general population. Most patients are asymptomatic. Anal bleeding during the act of defecation is the most common presenting symptom. Many techniques were described for treatment, including stapled hemorrhoidectomy and conventional (open) ones.

Objective
The objective is to compare the effectiveness, short-term outcomes, and postoperative complications of stapled hemorrhoidopexy against open hemorrhoidectomy in the treatment of symptomatic primary piles.

Methods
A total of 76 patients were operated on at Al-Azhar University Hospital. They were divided into two equal groups: the stapled group (operated using a proximate PPH hemorrhoidal stapler of 33 mm) and the open group. All patients were followed for 1 year. Preoperative complaints, operative time and blood loss, postoperative pain, complications, and resumption of daily activities were recorded for both groups.

Results
Intraoperative blood loss and duration of operation were less in the stapler group. Postoperative bleeding, postoperative pain, and discomfort were less in the stapler group, with a significant difference from the open group. Healing and resumption of daily activities were faster in the stapler group. Regarding early recurrence, it happened in two cases in the stapler group and in the open group as well. There are no differences between both groups regarding urine retention. Anal incontinence did not happen in both groups. Mild anal stenosis occurred in one case in every group and occurred late.

Conclusion
Stapled hemorrhoidectomy is a promising procedure with less pain, a shorter duration of hospital stay, and a faster resumption of daily activity than open hemorrhoidectomy. However, long-term follow-up for many years is still needed to define the recurrence rate in stapled hemorrhoidectomy.
T3-T5 Thoracoscopic sympathectomy versus sympathicotomy in the treatment of palmar–axillary–plantar hyperhidrosis
Authors: Mahmoud Mohamed Mostafa , Allah Abd Elhady Mohamed Abd , Mohamed Mohamed Khidr , Abdu Mohamed Elsaeed 
Published: October 2023

Background
Compensatory hyperhidrosis is a common complication after thoracoscopic interruption of the sympathetic chain in hyperhidrosis patients. Nonetheless, no interruption technique has been defined to decrease the incidence of that dreadful complication. Herein, we compared T3-5 sympathectomy with sympathicotomy at the same levels with regard to postoperative outcomes.

Methods
Eighty patients diagnosed with primary palmar–axillary–plantar hyperhidrosis were randomized into two equal groups: the sympathectomy and sympathicotomy groups. They were followed up for 6 months after the procedure. The incidence and criteria of compensatory hyperhidrosis were compared between the two approaches.

Results
The sympathectomy group showed a significant prolongation of the operative time. However, postoperative pain, hospital stay, and the incidence of complications were statistically comparable between the two approaches. Both procedures were associated with a significant decline in the severity of sweating in the three regions, which was more prominent in the palmar and axillary regions compared with the foot. The incidence of compensatory hyperhidrosis was 65% in sympathectomy patients and 77.5% in sympathicotomy patients, with no significant difference between them (P=0.217). About two-thirds of these cases were temporary, and the majority of them had mild to moderate symptoms. Patient satisfaction did not differ between the two approaches, with poor satisfaction in patients with permanent compensatory hyperhidrosis.

Conclusion
Both sympathectomy and sympathicotomy had comparable outcomes in patients with palmar–axillary–plantar hyperhidrosis, manifested in comparable decreased sweating severity, incidence of compensatory hyperhidrosis, quality of life, and patient satisfaction.
ESR1 and FTO genetic variants: impact on body weight reduction following bariatric surgery
Authors: Ramzy Tarek , El Zayat Susan , Sheta Marwa , Sarhan Mohamed D. , Elgaabary Tamer , Zeyada Reham 
Published: October 2023

Background
Variation in reduction of body weight after bariatric surgery has been observed. Genetics may have a role in the varying outcomes among obese patients. Aim of this research work was to examine the effect of genetic variants within the Fat Mass and Obesity-Related gene (FTO) (rs9939609) and Estrogen Receptor Alpha gene (ESR1) (rs712221) on body weight reduction and blood glucose control in obese individuals, six months following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).

Patients and methods
Ninety obese individuals with BMI ≥35 kg/m2 undergoing LSG were recruited and followed up after 6 months. Genotyping for FTO gene (rs9939609) and ESR1 gene (rs712221) variants was done using Real-Time PCR (TaqMan probes).

Results
FTO (rs9939609) genotype AA was found to be associated with more obesity before operation (P value 0.005) and lead to successful surgery and weight loss (P value 0.023, OR 0.080, 95%CI 0.009–0.702). Patients with risk allele A had more weight loss and BMI reduction after operation compared to patients with non-risk allele T (P value <0.001). ESR1 (rs712221) genotype TT was found to be associated with more reduction of body weight six months after surgery when compared to genotypes TA and AA (P value 0.001). Carriers of the allele T of the ESR1 (rs712221) had more reduction of HbA1c after operation compared to patients with allele A (P value <0.001).

Conclusion
The single nucleotide variants; rs9939609 of FTO and rs712221 of ESR1 may be considered potential predictors of body weight reduction and/or blood sugar control following bariatric surgery for obese individuals.
Omentopexy versus non-omentopexy in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Abdelrahman Emad M. , Abdelaal Mohamed K. , Kharoub Mohamed S. , El-Shaer Mohamed O. 
Published: October 2023

Background
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a commonly performed bariatric operation nowadays all over the world. The most serious complications from this operation are postoperative bleeding and leakage. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of omentopexy in reducing the incidence of these complications.

Patients and methods
The current retrospective study included 82 patients who were eligible for sleeve gastrectomy and underwent one of the two procedures. Group A (n=41) underwent conventional sleeve gastrectomy without omentopexy and group B (n=41) underwent sleeve gastrectomy with omentopexy. Follow-up was designed for one month postoperatively for leakage or bleeding.

Results
The mean age of the eligible patients was 34.64±5.7 and 35. 32±5.42 years in group A and group B, respectively. No significant difference was reported as regards the sociodemographic data or patient comorbidities between the two groups. The mean operative time increased significantly in group B than in group A (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between both groups as regards postoperative leakage and bleeding.

Conclusion
According to the current results: omentopexy has no additional benefit in reducing the incidence of postoperative bleeding or leakage. However, it results in an additional increase in the operative time.
Transabdominal retro muscular versus intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair of ventral hernia: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Aziz Mahmoud A. , Elzeftawy Shady , Shemes Ayman , Elghrieb Ahmed , Abdelmaksood Moh , Shetiwy Mohamed 
Published: October 2023

Background
Although laparoscopic ventral hernia repair has become a well-established alternative for open repair, traditional intraperitoneal mesh placement in direct contact with the bowel had many drawbacks and complications; in addition, it requires extensive mesh fixation and special composite mesh. Using the peritoneum and posterior rectus sheath as a barrier between the mesh and the bowel will evade these complications and decrease the cost.

Patients and methods
This prospective study was conducted in between May 2022 and December 2022 on 50 patients with noncomplicated ventral hernia with an average defect size of 5 cm. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) group (25) patients and transabdominal retro muscular mesh (TARM) group (25) patients. Both groups were compared as regards preoperative demographics, intraoperative complications and operative time and postoperative outcomes and complications.

Results
With a mean age of (44.96±7.27) of IPOM and (48.92±7.17) of TARM group, a significant longer operative time was spent in TARM repair (108.40±9.43 min). Postoperative pain was less in patients with TARM repair and hence they had earlier recovery and restoration of daily activities. Using a double-face composite mesh made the cost of IPOM repair significantly higher than TARM (P < 0.001). Overall postoperative complications and recurrence rate showed no significant difference between both techniques.

Conclusion
TARM repair seems to be a safe and good alternative to IPOM repair in terms of lower economic cost and less postoperative pain.