bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of computed tomography on pretherapeutic staging in patients with laryngeal cancer: Demonstration of the Will Rogers' phenomenon
Authors: Champion Gretchen A. , Piccirillo Jay F. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackground.The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that pretherapeutic CT of patients with primary laryngeal cancer results in stage migration, therefore affecting laryngeal cancer outcome data.Methods.We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 90 patients with primary laryngeal cancer diagnosed between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 1997, at a university hospital.Results.The disease in 15 (17%) of 90 patients was reclassified into a new TNM stage after pretherapeutic CT. As a result, stage‐specific survival rates improved in three of four TNM stages, even though average survival for the entire cohort did not change.Conclusions.The TNM staging system is not a temporally stable classification and prediction system, because TNM assignment varies on the basis of the type of pretherapeutic evaluation. Outcome data for patients with laryngeal cancer must account for the introduction of new technologies that affect our ability to diagnose and stage this disease. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 972–976, 2004
A review of social and behavioral efforts at oral cancer preventions in India
Authors: Sturgis Erich M. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackground.Oral cancer is a major public health problem in South‐Central Asia, home to one fifth of the world's population. In most regions of India, it is the most common cancer in men and the third most common cancer in women. Prevention is an effective tool to reduce disease burden on society and may offer particular advantages in developing countries.Methods.The primary and secondary oral cancer prevention efforts in India were reviewed and presented. In addition, the scope of the oral cancer problem and the tobacco industry in India are discussed, and the chief etiologies in the region are summarized.Results and Conclusions.The effectiveness of these prevention efforts provides an excellent social/behavioral model for similar programs in other developing countries. Furthermore, similar programs may also be applicable to certain populations in schools or industries in the developed world. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 937–944, 2004
Imatinib mesylate as treatment for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands: Report of two successfully treated cases
Authors: Alcedo Juan Carlos , Fábrega José Manuel , Arosemena Juan Ramón , Urrutia Aníbal 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackground.Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant neoplasia of the salivary glands that is treated primarily by surgery. Local control and survival are usually compromised despite surgery. Expression of KIT tyrosine kinase is involved in the pathogenesis of ACC. Imatinib mesylate is a potent inhibitor of KIT tyrosine kinase, so we explored the possibility that ACC could be a potential target for this drug.Methods.We report two cases of unresectable ACC treated with imatinib mesylate in the context of recurrent disease (case 1) and locally advanced tumor at its initial presentation (case 2).Results.Both patients responded well to treatment with imatinib mesylate. Significant regression of recurrent disease (case 1) resulted in a successful salvage surgical resection; the locally advanced tumor (case 2) had an excellent response to treatment, but, unfortunately, the patient refused salvage resection.Conclusion.This is the first time ACC is reported to respond to imatinib mesylate. Studies in which more patients are enrolled in controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm this observation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 829–831, 2004
Pectoralis major and other myofascial/myocutaneous flaps in head and neck cancer reconstruction: Experience with 437 cases at a single institution
Authors: Vartanian José Guilherme , Carvalho André Lopes , Carvalho Solange Maria T. , Mizobe Lia , Magrin José , Kowalski Luiz Paulo 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackground.Pectoralis major and other myofascial/myocutaneous flaps have been recognized as important reconstructive methods in head and neck cancer surgery. Even with the worldwide use of free flaps, they are still the mainstay reconstructive procedures in many centers.Methods.We retrospectively analyzed the records of patients with head and neck cancer who underwent an immediate reconstruction with pectoralis major or other myofascial/myocutaneous flaps at a tertiary cancer center from 1982 to 1998.Results.A total of 437 patients were reviewed. Three hundred seventy‐one patients underwent pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps; of these, 335 (90.3%) were men, with a median age of 56 years (range, 24–91 years). Tumors were located at the oral cavity and oropharynx in 246 patients (66.3%). Most tumors were at an advanced stage at presentation (T3–T4 in 60.9%). The flaps were used to cover mucosal defects in 280 patients (75.5%), skin defects in 62 patients (16.7%), and both in 29 patients (7.8%). In most patients, the flap was transferred to the head and neck region through a subclavicular tunnel. The overall complication rate was 36.1%, with 2.4% of cases involving total flap necrosis.Conclusion.To date, this is the largest published series of patients who underwent reconstruction with a pectoralis major flap. Our results show that this flap remains an important reconstructive method, and it can be done with low risk and acceptable morbidity. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 1018–1023, 2004
Consumer‐led demand side financing in health and education and its relevance for low and middle income countries
Authors: Ensor Tim 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThere is increasing awareness that supply subsidies for health and education services often fail to benefit those that are most vulnerable in a community. This recognition has led to a growing interest in and experimentation with, consumer‐led demand side financing systems (CL‐DSF). These mechanisms place purchasing power in the hands of consumers to spend on specific services at accredited facilities.International evidence in education and health sectors suggest a limited success of CL‐DSF in raising the consumption of key services amongst priority groups. There is also some evidence that vouchers can be used to improve targeting of vulnerable groups. There is very little positive evidence on the effect of CL‐DSF on service quality as a consequence of greater competition. Location of services relative to population means that areas with more provider choice, particularly in the private sector, tend to be dominated by higher and middle‐income households.Extending CL‐DSF in low‐income countries requires the development of capacity in administering these financing schemes and also accrediting providers. Schemes could focus primarily on fixed packages of key services aimed at easily identifiable groups. Piloting and robust evaluation is required to fill the evidence gap on the impact of these mechanisms. Extending demand financing to less predictable services, such as hospital coverage for the population, is likely to require the development of a voucher scheme to purchase insurance. This suggests an already developed insurance market and is unlikely to be appropriate in most low‐income countries for some time. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysing the use of hospital care services in Finland
Authors: Ovaskainen Päivi , Rautava Päivi , Ojanlatva Ansa , Päkkilä Jussi , Päivärinta Ritva 
Published: August 2004

AbstractHospital care captures more than one half of the funds allocated for health care within municipalities in Finland. Municipal administrators perceive that there is little they can do as far the quantity and quality of services are concerned. This case study was to analyse the utilization of hospital care within a coalition of two municipalities (Paimio and Sauvo) for one year. By using the Diagnosis Related Groups and Main Diagnostic Categorizations and by comparing the data with the existing physician visits, health care decisions may be made regarding the general morbidity and the use of medical services. While the databases number among the most extensive in the world, the existing information has not been fully utilized for planning, implementation and evaluation of services within the municipalities. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo metoclopramide protection of cholinesterase from paraoxon inhibition: direct comparison with pralidoxime in subchronic low‐dose exposure
Authors: Hasan M. Y. , Nurulain S. M. , Arafat K. , Naseer O. P. , Petroianu G. A. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe benzamide compound metoclopramide (MCP) protects against cholinesterase inhibition by paraoxon (POX) both in vitro and in vivo. This study evaluates MCP‐conferred protection of enzyme activity head to head against the therapeutic gold standard pralidoxime (PRX). Six groups of rats were used. All substances were applied i.p. daily for 5 days, followed by a 2‐day rest. The 7‐day cycle was repeated eight times. Group 1 received 100 nM POX, group 2 received 50 µM MCP, group 3 received 100 nM POX + 50 µM MCP, group 4 received 50 µM PRX, group 5 received 100 nM POX + 50 µM PRX and group 6 received saline. Red blood cell acetylcholinesterase (RBC‐AChE) measurements were performed at baseline and on day 5 of each 7‐day cycle. The sums of enzyme activities over time (weekly values expressed as % of baseline of 100%) were compared using the Mann–Whitney rank order test. A Bonferroni correction of 4 for multiple comparisons was applied. Paraoxon signiﬁcantly reduced enzyme activities when compared with saline (Σ = 535 ± 25 vs 902 ± 42). Metoclopramide conferred statistically signiﬁcant in vivo protection from inhibition of RBC‐AChE by POX (Σ = 640 ± 58). The extent of protection was signiﬁcantly less than that conferred by the gold standard PRX (Σ = 765 ± 57). Metoclopramide, in addition to being less effective as an RBC‐AChE protective agent, also caused a failure to thrive in the POX+MCP‐exposed rats, as evidenced by the changes in body weight. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety evaluation of a new allergy vaccine containing the adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL®) for the treatment of grass pollen allergy
Authors: Baldrick Paul , Richardson Derek , Wheeler Alan W. , Woroniecki Stefan R. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractA novel allergy vaccine (Pollinex® Quattro) has been developed for the prevention or relief of allergic symptoms caused by a variety of pollens. Within this range, the grass pollen allergy vaccine contains extracts of 12 grass pollens and rye cereal (all chemically modiﬁed by glutaraldehyde) that are adsorbed onto l‐tyrosine with addition of the immunostimulatory adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL®). A speciﬁc preclinical safety testing strategy was developed to support clinical use, comprising single‐dose toxicity, repeat‐dose toxicity and local tolerance studies. Dose levels of up to 0.5 ml per animal (mouse) and up to 1.0 ml per animal (rat and rabbit) were used with vaccines containing 2000 or 12 000 standardized units (SU) ml−1 of grass pollen allergoids, 50 µg ml−1 of MPL® adjuvant and 20 mg ml−1 of tyrosine. Overall, the product showed no toxicological ﬁndings of signiﬁcance at levels greatly in excess of those proposed for clinical use. A not unexpected, but relatively minor, immunostimulatory effect was seen following repeated dosing (once weekly for 3 weeks) at 1.0 ml per rat. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of rosmarinic acid against aﬂatoxin B1 and ochratoxin‐A‐induced cell damage in a human hepatoma cell line (Hep G2)
Authors: Renzulli C. , Galvano F. , Pierdomenico L. , Speroni E. , Guerra M. C. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractRecent ﬁndings have suggested that oxidative damage might contribute to the cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity of aﬂatoxin B1 (AFB1). The induction of oxidative stress also plays an important role in the toxicity of another mycotoxin: ochratoxin A (OTA). In this study, the protective effect of rosmarinic acid (Ros A) against AFB1 and OTA‐induced cytotoxicity was investigated in a human hepatoma‐derived cell line (Hep G2). Rosmarinic acid, a natural phenolic compound contained in many Lamiaceae herbs such as Perilla frutescens, sage, basil and mint, inhibits complement‐dependent inﬂammatory processes and may have therapeutic potential.The ability of Ros A to reduce radical oxygen species (ROS) production, protein and DNA synthesis inhibition and apoptosis caused by the two mycotoxins was also investigated. Our experiments proved the signiﬁcant cytoprotective effect of Ros A in vitro from OTA‐ and AFB1‐induced cell damage. In particular, 24‐h pretreatment with 50 µM Ros A inhibited the cytotoxicity of 10 µM AFB1 (by 45%) and 10 µM OTA (by 35%) in Hep G2 cells (P < 0.001). Moreover, Ros A dose dependently attenuated ROS production and DNA and protein synthesis inhibition induced by both of the toxins. Similarly, apoptosis cell death was prevented, as demonstrated by reduction of DNA fragmentation and inhibition of caspase‐3 activation (P < 0.001). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cisplatin‐induced acute renal failure is ameliorated by erdosteine in a dose‐dependent manner
Authors: Özyurt Hüseyin , Yıldırım Zeki , Kotuk Mahir , Yılmaz H. Ramazan , Yağmurca Murat , Iraz Mustafa , Söğüt Sad , Gergerlioglu Serdar 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the optimum dosage of erdosteine to ameliorate cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity. Three different doses of erdosteine at 25, 50 and 75 mg kg−1 were studied in rats. Intraperitoneal administration of 7 mg kg−1 cisplatin led to acute renal failure, as indicated by kidney histology and increases in plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. At 5 days after cisplatin injection the BUN level was increased signiﬁcantly from 15.1 ± 4.3 to 126.7 ± 152.6 mg dl−1 and plasma creatinine levels increased from 0.37 ± 0.005 to 1.68 ± 1.9 mg dl−1. When the rats were administered 50 and 75 mg kg−1 erdosteine 24 h before cisplatin injection that was continued until sacriﬁce (total of 6 days), the BUN and creatinine levels remained similar to control levels and the grade of histology was similar. Erdosteine at doses of 50 and 75 mg kg−1 ameliorates cisplatin‐induced renal failure. The optimum dose of erdosteine may be 50 mg kg−1 in this study. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sidestream tobacco smoke as the main predictor of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Lodovici M. , Akpan V. , Evangelisti C. , Dolara P. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in mainstream and sidestream tobacco smoke from 14 commercial brands of cigarettes purchased in Italy during 2001–2002. The PAHs detected in smoke and analysed with HPLC and a ﬂuorimetric detector were: ﬂuoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]ﬂuoranthene, benzo[k]ﬂuoranthene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene. The PAH levels in mainstream smoke from different cigarette brands obtained using an ofﬁcial smoking machine varied by about threefold (from 118 to 374 ng per cigarette for total PAHs and from 23.5 to 100 ng per cigarette for carcinogenic PAHs). Total PAH levels in mainstream smoke were correlated with tar content (r = 0.615, P < 0.05, n = 14). Total PAH content in sidestream smoke, measured by collection of all the smoke produced by a lit cigarette in a glass chamber, was about tenfold higher compared with mainstream smoke. The PAH content in sidestream smoke was relatively uniform (2.3–3.9 and 0.49–1.21 µg per cigarette for total and carcinogenic PAHs, respectively) and was not correlated with tar content. These results indicate that cigarette manufacturing and ﬁlter characteristics inﬂuence the PAH composition of mainstream smoke, but have no effect on the PAH content in sidestream smoke, which is the main determinant of smokers' and non‐smokers' exposure to PAHs in environmental tobacco smoke. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas chromatographic determination of cocaine and its metabolites in blood and urine from cocaine users in northwestern Spain
Authors: Fernández P. , Buján L. , Bermejo A. M. , Tabernero M. J. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractA gas chromatographic method with ﬂame ionization detection (GC/FID) was developed for the determination of cocaine and its metabolites in blood and urine samples from cocaine users in Northwestern Spain. After a solid‐phase extraction with Bond Elut Certify cartridges and a derivatization with bis‐trimethylsilyltriﬂuoroacetamide–trimethylchlorosilane (1%), calibration curves were constructed over 0.4–4 µg ml−1 for urine and 0.1–2 µg ml−1 for blood, using proadifen as the reference compound. The average extraction recoveries were 75% for urine and 78% for blood. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.071 and 0.24 µg ml−1, respectively. Coefﬁcients of variation were <10% and accuracy was within ±12%. The average blood concentrations of cocaine, benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester in 42 living patients were 0.22, 1.43 and 0.16 µg ml−1, respectively. Urine samples were collected from individuals in the criminal justice system (70 cases), from drug abusers admitted to emergency rooms (36 cases) and from patients under detoxiﬁcation treatment (36 cases). The second group exhibited the highest average concentrations (e.g. 0.97 µg ml−1 for cocaine, 5.23 µg ml−1 for benzoylecgonine and 0.39 µg ml−1 for ecgonine methyl ester). Sixty‐ﬁve fatal intoxications due to cocaine alone or in combination with other drugs were studied, and average blood levels were found to be higher in the deaths related to cocaine alone (e.g. 0.40 µg ml−1 for cocaine, 2.38 µg ml−1 for benzoylecgonine and 0.38 µg ml−1 for ecgonine methyl ester). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biocompatibility and antibacterial activity studies of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendron, side chain dendritic oligourethane (SCDOU)
Authors: Ghosh Samaresh , Banthia Ajit K. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractCytotoxicity of both polyamidoamine dendritic diol (PAMAM) and side chain dendritic oligourethane (SCDOU) was studied through interaction with mammalian fibroblast cells (L929). Cell metabolic activity in the presence of dendritic polymers was measured using an MTT assay exhibiting significant cell viability. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of PAMAM dendron, SCDOU, as well as their silver‐doped structures was studied against Escherichia coli bacteria. The results showed that the silver‐doped structures attain high antibacterial activity. Formation of silver‐doped dendritic polymers was investigated from the UV‐visible plasmon absorption band of silver particles. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 71A: 1–5, 2004
Efficacy of polyanionic collagen matrices for bone defect healing
Authors: Rocha Lenaldo B. , Brochi Marco Aurélio C. , Bellucci Ângela D. , Rossi Marcos A. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPolyanionic collagen–elastin matrices (PCEMs) possess attractive properties, such as extra negative charges, piezoelectricity, and extra RGD sites, which could make them effective in the treatment of bone defects. Although they are biocompatible with the osteogenesis process, it is unknown if PCEMs could aid in the recovery of bone defects in challenging situations. To evaluate this hypothesis, three PCEMs, differing in their negative charge density, were implanted in rat calvarial defects. Specimens harvested at 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days after implantation were evaluated radiographically and histologically. Two matrices were able to sustain the osteogenesis process and quickly recover the lost bone structure. The third, and most electronegative, left matrix remnants amidst the areas of new bone. The control showed bone formation limited to the boundaries of the defect. These results suggest that some PCEMs might become a useful resource in the treatment of bone defects. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 71B: 355–359, 2004
Effects of root‐end filling materials and eugenol on mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity and cytotoxicity to human periodontal ligament fibroblasts
Authors: Lin Chun‐Pin , Chen Yi‐Jane , Lee Yuan‐Ling , Wang Juo‐Song , Chang Mei‐Chi , Lan Wan‐Hong , Chang Hsiao‐Hwa , Chao William Ming‐Wei , Tai Tseng‐Fang , Lee Mon‐Ying , Lin Bor‐Ru , Jeng Jiiang‐Huei 
Published: August 2004

AbstractVarious root‐end filling materials have been used to prevent the entry of root‐canal pathogens into periapical regions. Five root‐end filling materials were compared regarding the cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dehydrogenase (MDH) activities of human periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts, with the use of a novel transwell culture system. Exposure to IRM (a ZnO eugenol‐based intermediate restorative material), a 2‐ethoxybenzoic acid cement (Super EBA), and amalgam for 3 days inhibited the MDH activity of PDL fibroblasts as indicated by decrease in 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction by 97%, 95%, and 51%, respectively. Evident suppression of MTT reduction by amalgam and glass ionomer cement (GIC) was noted after 5 days of exposure, with 73% and 46% of inhibition, respectively. Mineral trioxide aggregates (MTA) showed little effect on MDH activity. IRM and Super EBA were cytotoxic to PDL fibroblasts as indicated by a trypan blue dye exclusion technique. GIC and amalgam showed mild cytotoxicity. IRM, GIC, and amalgam further induced apoptosis of PDL cells, as revealed by the presence of sub‐G0/G1 DNA content in flow cytometric histogram. Twenty‐four‐hour exposure to IRM and Super EBA elevated the MDH activities to 156% and 117%, correspondingly, of that of control. Eugenol, a phenolic ingredient in Super EBA and IRM, also increases MDH activity of PDL fibroblasts by 45% and 51%, at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mM. However, at concentrations higher than 0.5 mM, eugenol decreased the number of viable PDL fibroblasts. These results suggest that MTA is a biocompatible root‐end filling material, followed by self‐curing Fuji II GIC and amalgam. IRM and Super EBA ingredients induced marked cytotoxicity and transiently stimulate MDH activities, which is possibly due to their content of eugenol and induction of cellular adaptive response. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 71B: 429–440, 2004
Exposure to violence, parental monitoring, and television viewing as contributors to children's psychological trauma
Authors: Singer Mark I. , Flannery Daniel J. , Guo Shenyang , Miller David , Leibbrandt Sylvia 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis study examined the relative contributions of exposure to violence, parental monitoring, and television viewing habits to children's self‐reported symptoms of psychological trauma. Children in grades 3–8 in 11 public schools completed an anonymous self‐report questionnaire administered during usual school hours. The final sample was comprised of 2245 children who represented 80% of the students in attendance at the participating schools. Students ranged in age from 7 to 15 years; 49% were female, 57% were white, 33% black, and 5% were Hispanic. A model using hierarchical multiple regression explained approximately 39% of the variance in students' overall trauma symptom scores. A combination of demographic variables, daily hours of television viewing, and recent and past exposure to violence were significant contributors to this explained variance. Bivariate analyses of high violence‐exposed students (top quartile) revealed approximately 39% of both girls and boys with clinically elevated scores in at least one trauma symptom category. The findings support the need to identify and to provide services for children exposed to violence. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 32: 489–504, 2004.