bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel automatic source point deviating method based on dynamic programming
Authors: Long Li , Zhang Chunxia , Wang Hongtao , Zhang Jiangshe , Wang Yan , Zhu Xujiang , Zhao Huibing , Xu Yinpo , Wu Long 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSeismic geometry design is the first step for the seismic prospecting, which would substantially influence the quality of acquired seismic data. Earlier researchers have focused more on tuning systemic parameters and offsetting source points. However, due to the complex geographical factors, the real layout is often different from the pre‐plan design, which is designed by experts in advance. In this paper, we aim to address the source point deviating problem when the pre‐plan design is unsuitable for geographical conditions. Although there exist many research works in this aspect, few of them have been applied in practice and the offset of source points in the field still mainly relies on manual work. In this paper, we propose a method based on dynamic programming to deviate source points automatically while maintaining the smoothness of source lines and taking the uniformity of fold distribution into account. To verify the effectiveness of our method, we also compare the uniformity of offset and azimuth after automatically deviating source points with the pre‐plan design. Experimental results show that our proposed method achieves better uniformity and keeps more smooth source lines which are conducive to the construction. Moreover, on the data set collected in a mountainous area, we observe that our method slightly suppresses the acquisition footprints.
The suitability of using domestic pigs (Sus spp.) as human proxies in the geophysical detection of clandestine graves
Authors: Berezowski Victoria , Moffat Ian , Seckiner Dilan , Crebert Isabella , Ellis Justin , Mallett Xanthé 
Published: October 2023

AbstractResearch in many forensic science fields commonly uses domestic pigs (Sus spp.) as proxies for human remains, due to their physiological and anatomical similarities, as well as being more readily available. Unfortunately, previous research, especially that which compares the decompositional process, has shown that pigs are not appropriate proxies for humans. To date, there has not been any published research that specifically addresses whether domestic pigs are adequate human proxies for the geophysical detection of clandestine graves. As such, the aim of this paper was to compare the geophysical responses of pig cadavers and human donor graves, in order to determine if pigs can indeed be used as adequate human proxies. To accomplish this, ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) responses on single and multiple pig cadaver graves were compared to single and multiple human donor graves, all of which are in known locations within the same geological environment. The results showed that under field conditions, both GPR and ERT were successful at observing human and pig burials, with no obvious differences between the detected geophysical responses. The results also showed that there were no differences in the geophysical responses of those who were clothed and unclothed. The similarity of the responses may reflect that the geophysical techniques can detect graves despite what their contents are. The study implications suggest that experimental studies in other soil and climate conditions can be easily replicated, benefiting law enforcement with missing persons cases.
Frailty in the prediction of delirium in the intensive care unit: A secondary analysis of the Deli study
Authors: Frost Steven A. , Brennan Kathleen , Sanchez David , Lynch Joan , Hedges Sonja , Hou Yu Chin , El Sayfe Masar , Shunker Sharon‐Ann , Bogdanovski Tony , Hunt Leanne , Alexandrou Evan , Rolls Kaye , Chroinin Danielle Ni , Aneman Anders 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundDelirium is an acute disorder of attention and cognition with an incidence of up to 70% in the adult intensive care setting. Due to the association with significantly increased morbidity and mortality, it is important to identify who is at the greatest risk of an acute episode of delirium while being cared for in the intensive care. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of the cumulative deficit frailty index and clinical frailty scale to predict an acute episode of delirium among adults admitted to the intensive care.MethodsThis study is a secondary analysis of the Deli intervention study, a hybrid stepped‐wedge cluster randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of a nurse‐led intervention to reduce the incidence and duration of delirium among adults admitted to the four adult intensive care units in the south‐west of Sydney, Australia. Important predictors of delirium were identified using a bootstrap approach and the absolute risks, based on the cumulative deficit frailty index and the clinical frailty scale are presented.ResultsDuring the 10‐mth data collection period (May 2019 and February 2020) 2566 patients were included in the study. Both the cumulative deficit frailty index and the clinical frailty scale on admission, plus age, sex, and APACHE III (AP III) score were able to discriminate between patients who did and did not experience an acute episode of delirium while in the intensive care, with AUC of 0.701 and 0.703 (moderate discriminatory ability), respectively. The addition of a frailty index to a prediction model based on age, sex, and APACHE III score, resulted in net reclassified of risk. Nomograms to individualize the absolute risk of delirium using these predictors are also presented.ConclusionWe have been able to show that both the cumulative deficits frailty index and clinical frailty scale predict an acute episode of delirium among adults admitted to intensive care.
Acceptability of using the Raising Awareness Tool for Endometriosis (RATE) in general practice: a mixed methods pilot study
Authors: Frayne Jacqueline , Milroy Talila , Rook Charlotte , Simonis Magdalena , Lam Alan 
Published: October 2023

AimsThe Raising Awareness Tool for Endometriosis (RATE) was developed to facilitate discussions with health providers regarding endometriosis‐associated symptoms. We aim to evaluate the acceptability of the RATE by general practitioners (GP), including determining the prevalence of symptoms of women presenting to general practice and immediate management of symptoms.MethodsA mixed‐methods study was undertaken using a combination of quantitative and qualitative data in Western Australian General Practices from 2021 to 2022. A purposive sample of 12 GPs were included, who recruited women (18–50 years) on attendance for consultation over a one‐ to two‐week period, followed by qualitative interviews exploring GPs’ experiences with the tool. The quantitative and qualitative components were integrated during analysis of results.ResultsA total of 111 women completed the RATE (mean: 33, standard deviation: 8.6 years) prior to routine consultation. The tool was considered to be acceptable for use in general practice and aided discussions on symptoms and management. Overall, 68.5% of patients experienced pelvic pain or discomfort, with 22.4% rating that this interfered with quality of life. Of those with pelvic pain, 75% had associated chronic pain conditions, and 42.1% reported allodynia. The chronic pain questions provoked GP uncertainty. After symptoms were identified, GPs arranged individualised investigations and follow‐up.ConclusionsThe RATE was considered to be acceptable for use in the general practice setting. It identified symptoms and initiated discussions on possible diagnosis as well as management of endometriosis. Further GP education on identifying those women at most risk of developing chronic pain syndromes is needed.
Time trends in human papillomavirus prevalence and genotype distribution in vulvar carcinoma in Norway
Authors: Meltzer‐Gunnes Christin Julia , Lie Agnes Kathrine , Jonassen Christine Genevieve Monceyron , Rangberg Anbjørg , Nystrand Camilla Furlund , Småstuen Milada Cvancarova , Vistad Ingvild 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionApproximately 25%–43% of all vulvar carcinomas are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). In many countries, vulvar carcinoma incidence rates are increasing, possibly due to greater HPV exposure. However, studies exploring changes in HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in vulvar carcinoma over time are scarce. Our aim was to evaluate time trends in HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma in an unselected, nationwide sample of Norwegian women. Further, we explored clinical and histopathological aspects in relation to HPV status and investigated whether HPV status was associated with survival.Material and methodsAll vulvar squamous cell carcinoma cases from 1970–1975 and 2000–2005 were extracted from the Cancer Registry of Norway and corresponding tissue blocks were retrieved. After detailed histology review, HPV testing was conducted using real‐time TaqMan PCR. Overall survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to estimate hazard ratios adjusted for age at diagnosis, stage and diagnostic period.ResultsHistological review was performed on 352 vulvar squamous cell carcinoma cases. We were able to obtain valid HPV analysis results for 282 cases, Overall, 29.8% (95% CI 24.5%–35.5%) of cases were high‐risk HPV (hrHPV)‐positive. When comparing the two periods, we found that the percentage of hrHPV‐positive tumors increased significantly from 23% (95% CI 16.0%–31.4%) in 1970–1975 to 35.3% (95% CI 27.8%–43.3%) in 2000–2005 (P = 0.025). The predominant genotypes were HPV 16 (73%), HPV 33 (21%), and HPV 18 (6%), with similar distributions in both periods. In the more recent cohort, several additional genotypes were detected: HPV 6, 11, 39, 45, 52, 58 and 66 were found in smaller percentages, ranging from 1.8% to 3.6%. In univariate analysis, patients with HPV‐positive tumors showed improved overall survival compared with patients with HPV‐negative tumors (hazard ratio [HR] 0.65, 95% CI 0.48–0.86).ConclusionsThe prevalence of HPV in vulvar squamous cell carcinomas in Norway was significantly higher in 2000–2005 than in 1970–1975. The three predominant genotypes were HPV 16, 33 and 18 in both time periods. However, several other HPV genotypes have emerged over the last decades. HPV‐positivity was associated with better overall survival.
90 versus 60 min of early skin‐to‐skin contact on exclusive breastfeeding rate in healthy infants' ≥35 weeks: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Raj Kumawat Shalini , Vyas Himanshu , Mohan Remiya , Sasidharan Rohit , Yadav Bharti , Gupta Neeraj 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimTo compare the effect of 90 versus 60 min of early skin‐to‐skin contact (SSC) among vaginally born healthy infants ≥35 weeks of gestation on their exclusive breastfeeding rates and breastfeeding behaviour.MethodsThis parallel‐group, open‐label, randomised controlled trial enrolled healthy term and late preterm infants born vaginally. Infants in the intervention group received early SSC for 90 min compared to 60 min in the control group. The primary outcome was the proportion of infants on exclusive breastfeeding at 60 ± 12 h.ResultsOne hundred ninety‐eight mother–infant dyads were randomised (99 in each group). The infants in the 90‐min SSC group were more likely to be exclusively breastfed at 60 ± 12 h as compared to the 60‐min SSC group (RR, 95% CI‐1.44, [1.15–1.79], p < 0.01). The modified infant breastfeeding assessment tool score at 60 ± 12 h was significantly higher in the 90‐min SSC group (median [IQR]‐9, [8, 10] versus 8 [7, 10], p = 0.03]. The proportion of infants on exclusive breastfeeding at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age was also significantly higher in the 90‐min SSC group (RR, 95% CI‐1.39 [1.11–1.74], 1.36 [1.08–1.07], and 1.38 [1.08–1.75], respectively).ConclusionIncreasing the duration of early SSC showed a dose–response benefit on exclusive breastfeeding rates and breastfeeding behaviour.Trial registrationCTRI/2018/09/015632, registered on 06/09/2018.
Impact of the extent of lymph node dissection on survival outcomes in clinically lymph node‐positive bladder cancer
Authors: von Deimling Markus , Furrer Marc , Mertens Laura S. , Mari Andrea , van Ginkel Noor , Bacchiani Mara , Maas Moritz , Pichler Renate , Li Roger , Moschini Marco , Bianchi Alberto , Vetterlein Malte W. , Lonati Chiara , Crocetto Felice , Taylor Jacob , Tully Karl H. , Afferi Luca , Soria Francesco , del Giudice Francesco , Longoni Mattia , Laukhtina Ekaterina , Antonelli Alessandro , Rink Michael , Fisch Margit , Lotan Yair , Spiess Philippe E. , Black Peter C. , Kiss Bernhard , Pradere Benjamin , Shariat Shahrokh F. ,   CLIPOLY Study Group Collaborators
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo determine the oncological impact of extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) vs standard PLND (sPLND) during radical cystectomy (RC) in clinically lymph node‐positive (cN+) bladder cancer (BCa).Patients and MethodsIn this retrospective, multicentre study we included 969 patients who underwent RC with sPLND (internal/external iliac and obturator lymph nodes) or ePLND (sPLND plus common iliac and presacral nodes) with or without platin‐based peri‐operative chemotherapy for cTany N1‐3 M0 BCa between 1991 and 2022. We assessed the impact of ePLND on recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and the distribution of recurrences (locoregional and distant recurrences). The secondary endpoint was overall survival (OS). We performed propensity‐score matching using covariates associated with the extent of PLND in univariable logistic regression analysis. The association of the extent of PLND with RFS and OS was investigated using Cox regression models.ResultsOf 969 cN+ patients, 510 were 1:1 matched on propensity scores. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) time to recurrence was 8 (4–16) months, and median (IQR) follow‐up of alive patients was 30 (13–51) months. Disease recurrence was observed in 104 patients in the ePLND and 107 in the sPLND group. Of these, 136 (27%), 47 (9.2%) and 19 patients (3.7%) experienced distant, locoregional, or both distant and locoregional disease recurrence, respectively. When stratified by the extent of PLND, we did not find a difference in recurrence patterns (P > 0.05). ePLND improved neither RFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70–1.19; P = 0.5) nor OS (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.60–1.01; P = 0.06) compared to sPLND. Stratification by induction chemotherapy did not change outcomes.ConclusionPerforming an ePLND at the time of RC in cN+ patients improved neither RFS nor OS compared to sPLND, regardless of induction chemotherapy status. Pretreatment risk stratification is paramount to identify ideal candidates for RC with ePLND as part of a multimodal treatment approach.
Carpesii fructus extract exhibits neuroprotective effects in cellular and Caenorhabditis elegans models of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zhu Feng‐Dan , Wang Bin‐Ding , Qin Da‐Lian , Su Xiao‐Hui , Yu Lu , Wu Jian‐Ming , Law Betty Yuen‐Kwan , Guo Min‐Song , Yu Chong‐Lin , Zhou Xiao‐Gang , Wu An‐Guo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveParkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Despite extensive research, no definitive cure or effective disease‐modifying treatment for PD exists to date. Therefore, the identification of novel therapeutic agents with neuroprotective properties is of utmost importance. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of Carpesii fructus extract (CFE) in both cellular and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) models of PD.MethodsThe neuroprotective effect of CFE in H2O2‐ or 6‐OHDA‐induced PC‐12 cells and α‐synuclein‐overexpressing PC‐12 cells were investigated by determining the cell viability, mitochondrial damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, and α‐synuclein expression. In NL5901, BZ555, and N2 worms, the expression of α‐synuclein, motive ability, the viability of dopaminergic neurons, lifespan, and aging‐related phenotypes were investigated. The signaling pathway was detected by Western blotting and validated by employing small inhibitors and RNAi bacteria.ResultsIn cellular models of PD, CFE significantly attenuated H2O2‐ or 6‐OHDA‐induced toxicity, as evidenced by increased cell viability and reduced apoptosis rate. In addition, CFE treatment suppressed ROS generation and restored mitochondrial membrane potential, highlighting its potential as a mitochondrial protective agent. Furthermore, CFE reduced the expression of α‐synuclein in wide type (WT)‐, A53T‐, A30P‐, or E46K‐α‐synuclein‐overexpressing PC‐12 cells. Our further findings reveal that CFE administration reduced α‐synuclein expression and improved its induced locomotor deficits in NL5901 worms, protected dopaminergic neurons against 6‐OHDA‐induced degeneration in BZ555 worms, extended lifespan, delayed aging‐related phenotypes, and enhanced the ability of stress resistance in N2 worms. Mechanistic studies suggest that the neuroprotective effects of CFE may involve the modulation of the MAPK signaling pathway, including ERK, JNK, and p38, whereas the interference of these pathways attenuated the neuroprotective effect of CFE in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionOverall, our study highlights the potential therapeutic value of CFE as a neuroprotective agent in the context of PD. Furthermore, elucidation of the active compounds of CFE will provide valuable insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for PD.
A multitaxonomic assessment of Natura 2000 effectiveness across European biogeographic regions
Authors: Ricci Lorenzo , Di Musciano Michele , Sabatini Francesco Maria , Chiarucci Alessandro , Zannini Piero , Gatti Roberto Cazzolla , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Walentowitz Anna , Lawrence Alexandra , Frattaroli Anna Rita , Hoffmann Samuel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Natura 2000 (N2K) protected area (PA) network is a crucial tool to limit biodiversity loss in Europe. Despite covering 18% of the European Union's (EU) land area, its effectiveness at conserving biodiversity across taxa and biogeographic regions remains uncertain. Testing this effectiveness is, however, difficult because it requires considering the nonrandom location of PAs, and many possible confounding factors. We used propensity score matching and accounted for the confounding effects of biogeographic regions, terrain ruggedness, and land cover to assess the effectiveness of N2K PAs on the distribution of 1769 species of conservation priority in the EU's Birds and Habitats Directives, including mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, arthropods, fishes, mollusks, and vascular and nonvascular plants. We compared alpha, beta, and gamma diversity between matched selections of protected and unprotected areas across EU's biogeographic regions with generalized linear models, generalized mixed models, and nonparametric tests for paired samples, respectively, for each taxonomic group and for the entire set of species. PAs in N2K hosted significantly more priority species than unprotected land, but this difference was not consistent across biogeographic regions or taxa. Total alpha diversity and alpha diversity of amphibians, arthropods, birds, mammals, and vascular plants were significantly higher inside PAs than outside, except in the Boreal biogeographical region. Beta diversity was in general significantly higher inside N2K PAs than outside. Similarly, gamma diversity had the highest values inside PAs, with some exceptions in Boreal and Atlantic regions. The planned expansion of the N2K network, as dictated by the European Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, should therefore target areas in the southern part of the Boreal region where species diversity of amphibians, arthropods, birds, mammals, and vascular plants is high and species are currently underrepresented in N2K.
Dynamic immune cell profiling identified natural killer cell shift as the key event in early allograft dysfunction after liver transplantation
Authors: Lu Di , Yang Xinyu , Pan Linhui , Lian Zhengxing , Tan Winyen , Zhuo Jianyong , Yang Modan , Lin Zuyuan , Wei Qiang , Chen Jun , Zheng Shusen , Xu Xiao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEarly allograft dysfunction (EAD) is a life‐threatening and fast‐developing complication after liver transplantation. The underlying mechanism needs to be better understood, and there has yet to be an efficient therapeutic target. This study retrospectively reviewed 109 patients undergoing liver transplantation, with dynamic profiling of CD3/4/8/16/19/45/56 on the peripheral immune cells (before transplant and 2–4 days after). Altogether, 35 out of the 109 patients developed EAD after liver transplantation. We observed a significant decrease in the natural killer cell proportion (NK cell shift, p = 0.008). The NK cell shift was linearly correlated with cold ischemic time (p = 0.016) and was potentially related to the recipients' outcomes. In mouse models, ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) treatments induced the recruitment of NK cells from peripheral blood into liver tissues. NK cell depletion blocked a series of immune cascades (including CD8+ CD127+ T cells) and inhibited hepatocyte injury effectively in I/R and liver transplantation models. We further found that I/R treatment increased hepatic expression of the ligands for natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D), a primary activating cell surface receptor in NK cells. Blockade of NKG2D showed a similar protective effect against I/R injury, indicating its role in NK cell activation and the subsequent immunological injury. Our findings built a bridge for the translation from innate immune response to EAD at the bedside. Peripheral NK cell shift is associated with the incidence of EAD after liver transplantation. NKG2D‐mediated NK cell activation is a potential therapeutic target.
White etching area damage induced by shear localization in rolling contact fatigue of bearing steel
Authors: Chen Jin‐Hua , Xie Chao , Li Shu‐Xin , Lu Si‐Yuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhite etching area (WEA) is a primary damage in rolling contact fatigue (RCF) of bearing steels. In spite of extensive investigations, there is a large discrepancy in the existing mechanisms of WEA formation. We attempt to unify the mechanisms from the perspective of shear localization and plastic damage accumulation based on ductile damage. RCF tests were conducted to generate WEAs with various microstructures and compositions. A thermodynamically consistent model of the ductile damage evolution from an inclusion was established by developing the phase field damage coupled with the crystal elastic‐viscoplastic constitutive relationship under RCF. The model was implemented into the FE framework through a user materials subroutine. The results indicated that the WEA is the shear band resulting from shear localization. The large inhomogeneity and scatter in WEA's microstructure are due to the influence of the crystal orientation. The development and orientation of SBs predicted by the model and the experimental observation of the WEA are in good agreement. The large micro‐shear strain in the WEA provides the driving force for mechanically controlled austenite phase transformation. The shear band center, which has the largest strain and the least stress, is where cracks initiate. This demonstrates that contrary to earlier reports that WEA is induced by previously formed crack faces friction, cracks actually initiate from the interior of the WEA.