bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Anticoagulant Coating Based on a Block Phosphocholine Copolymer for Potential Applications in Blood Contact Devices
Authors: Lu Xinli , Kang Yahong , Wang Xuebin , Wang Weijie , Liu Changsheng , Jiang Hongyan , Yuan Yuan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs the core component of ventricular assist devices, blood pumps have been widely used in clinical treatment. However, the thrombus caused by the contact of the inner surface of the blood pumps with blood still remain a serious risk. The zwitterionic coating has the ability to form a hydration layer to inhibit the protein and blood cell adhesion, which makes it a potential strategy to solve the coagulation on the device. Herein, a phosphocholine zwitterionic coating is presented and formed by a block copolymer poly(2‐methylacryloxyethyl phosphatecholine‐b‐glycidyl methacrylate (PMPC‐b‐GMA). Poly(MPC) and poly(GMA) are intended to provide, respectively, resistance to thrombus formation and adhesion to the material surface. The copolymers are synthesized through reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization to achieve an accurate molecular design. After dip‐coated on the materials, the phosphocholine coating exhibits protein and platelet resistance ability, anticoagulant ability, and in vitro biocompatibility. Furthermore, the in vivo biocompatibility is confirmed through the implantation of the coated polycarbonate substrate in rats. This study provides a promising pathway for regulating the interaction between biomaterials and proteins, platelets, and bioactive molecules, and is expected to guide the further development of anticoagulant coatings to ensure the safety of blood contact devices in clinical treatment.
Design and Construct Cyclic Carbonate Functionalized Chitosan‐Based Hydrogel Enabling Photodecarboxylase Immobilization with Enhanced Stability and Reusability
Authors: Zhou Jianle , He Xiongliang , Ye Yanyan , Zhuang Zhuoxin , Tang Xingyu , Zhao Junpeng , Ma Yunjian , Wang Yonghua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFatty acid photodecarboxylase (FAP) plays a crucial role in the green production of biofuel and other valuable biochemicals. However, the reusability of immobilized FAP has been limited due to inadequate durability. Here, a porous, translucent chitosan hydrogel sphere carrier functionalized with cyclic carbonate group to enhance the reusability of immobilized FAP is presented. Based on the arrangement of basic amino acid residues on the surface of FAP, bis(cyclic carbonate) containing a flexible chain from CO2 is designed and synthesized. This compound is used to modify porous hydrogels obtained via a template‐etching process. FAP is then covalently immobilized within the hydrogel framework through a reaction with the remaining cyclic carbonate groups, as evidenced by quartz crystal microbalance analysis. The modified porous hydrogel carrier, PH3‐BC‐II, significantly improves the activity of FAP, achieving a maximum conversion of 70.0%, with the enzyme loading of 125.3 mg g−1 (dry carrier). Furthermore, PH3‐BC‐II retains >50% of its initial activity after eight consecutive reaction cycles (total runtime of 24 h) at high fatty acid substrate concentrations. This study provides an effective strategy for constructing stable immobilized (photo)enzymes from sustainable materials.
METTL3 Potentiates M2 Macrophage‐Driven MMT to Aggravate Renal Allograft Fibrosis via the TGF‐β1/Smad3 Pathway
Authors: Yao Qinfan , Zheng Xiaoxiao , Zhang Xinyi , Wang Yucheng , Zhou Qin , Lv Junhao , Zheng Li , Lan Jiahua , Chen Wei , Chen Jianghua , Chen Dajin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMETTL3, a key enzyme in N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification, plays a crucial role in the progression of renal fibrosis, particularly in chronic active renal allograft rejection (CAR). This study explored the mechanisms by which METTL3 promotes renal allograft fibrosis, focusing on its role in the macrophage‐to‐myofibroblast transition (MMT). Using a comprehensive experimental approach, including TGF‐β1‐induced MMT cell models, METTL3 conditional knockout (METTL3 KO) mice, and renal biopsy samples from patients with CAR, the study investigates the involvement of METTL3/Smad3 axis in driving MMT and renal fibrosis during the episodes of CAR. We found that elevated m6A modification and METTL3 levels strongly correlated with enhanced MMT and increased fibrotic severity. METTL3 knockout (METTL3 KO) significantly increased the m6A modification of Smad3, decreased Smad3 expression, and inhibited M2‐driven MMT. Smad3 knockdown with siRNA (siSmad3) further inhibited M2‐driven MMT, while Smad3 overexpression rescued the inhibitory effects of METTL3 silencing, restoring M2‐driven MMT and fibrotic tissue damage. Additionally, the METTL3 inhibitor STM2457 effectively reversed M2‐driven MMT and alleviated fibrotic tissue damage in CAR. These findings highlight that METTL3 enhances M2‐driven MMT in renal fibrosis during CAR by promoting the TGF‐β1/Smad3 axis, suggesting that METTL3 is a promising therapeutic target for mitigating renal fibrosis in CAR.
Orbital and Electrical Dual Function of Polymer Intercalant for Promoting NH4+ Storage in Vanadium Oxide Anode
Authors: Zhang Yue , Huang Zihang , Lei Lei , Fan Hua , Han Xu , Li Hui , Ma Tianyi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPolymer‐intercalated metal oxides have attracted considerable attention for ammonium ions (NH4+) storage due to their enhanced interlayer space, which, through the pillar effect, facilitates rapid and efficient transport of NH4+. However, the understanding remains limited regarding how polymer intercalants affect the intrinsic structure of host materials, especially the variations in atomic orbital and electronic structural induced by the intercalants. Herein, a polyaniline‐intercalated vanadium oxide (P‐VOx) is developed and, for the first time, its NH4+ storage behavior is validated as an anode material. Using various spectroscopy techniques combined with theoretical simulation, the changes are analyzed in atomic orbital and electronic structure induced by the intercalant. Spectroscopy studies reveal that the insertion of polyaniline optimizes the electronic structure of V2O5, promoting the transition of electrons to the V 3dxy state and increasing the occupation of the V t2g orbital, thereby enhancing electrical conductivity. Computational results confirm that P‐VOx lowers the NH4+ migration barrier, thereby enhancing electron/NH4+ transfer. As a result, the P‐VOx electrode demonstrates outstanding capacity and unprecedented long‐term cycling stability. This study provides new insights into the atomic and electronic structural changes induced by the polymer intercalant and underscores the advantages of polymer‐intercalated VOx as a high‐performance electrode for NH4+ storage.
Flexible Titanium Nitride‐Based Membrane Reactor for S8/Li2S and Dendrite Regulation in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Ji Lei , Yang Daotong , Xue Jiayi , Jia Minxun , Wu Tong , Zhuang Quan , Zhang Yingying , Liu Jinghai , Zhang Yuegang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSimultaneous regulation of S8/Li2S solid‐liquid redox conversion at the cathode and lithium (Li) dendrite growth at the anode is essential for advancing lithium‐sulfur (Li─S) batteries. Herein, a flexible titanium nitride‐based membrane (TiNOCF) is developed as a membrane reactor (MR) to enhance sulfur redox kinetics, activates S8/Li2S solid and guide dendrite horizontal growth. The TiNOCF MR at the sulfur cathode side endows the Li─S cell with a remarkable high‐rate capacity of 851.4 mAh g−1 and a stable cycling retention of 94.8% after 200 cycles at 5 C. At the Li anode side, it maintains the Li/Li cell with stable cycling for 2000 h with an ultra‐low overpotential of 38.1 mV at a current density of 2 mA cm−2. For high sulfur‐loading, TiNOCF MR gives the full cells (10 mg sulfur cm−2) with an areal capacity of 10.2 mAh cm−2 at 0.1 C and the pouch cells (9.5 mg sulfur cm−2) with 10.9 mAh cm−2 at 36 mA. Mechanism analysis reveals the key roles of titanium (Ti3+) and nitrogen (N3−) sites in confinement catalysis and directional dendrite growth, enabling high‐areal capacity, fast‐charging and stable‐cycling features.
In Situ Copolymerizing ZrO2 with Hydrogel Electrolytes toward High‐Rate and Long‐Life Quasi‐Solid‐State Zn–Ion Batteries
Authors: Sun Yu , Song Li‐Na , Du Xing‐Yuan , Liang Shuang , Wang Yue , Wang Xiao‐Xue , Ji Gui‐Juan , Xu Ji‐Jing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHydrogel is adopted as a promising alternative electrolyte for the zinc–ion batteries (ZIBs) due to its water‐retaining capacity and high ionic conductivities. However, the high content of free water molecules will affect the operation of electrolytes in ZIBs, resulting in the uncontrolled growth of zinc dendrites and related side reactions. Herein, a functional hydrogel electrolyte is developed by in situ copolymerizing the ceramic ZrO2 with acrylamide and 2‐Acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid to adjust the ion transport behavior, further improve zinc ions' depositional behavior. The interaction between ZrO2 and ─SO3H groups within the hydrogel is capable of inducing the free migration of zinc ions, resulting in a novel transport pathway, thereby enhancing the diffusion rate of zinc ions with an ionic conductivity of 38.3 mS cm−1. The hydrogen bonding between ceramic particles and free water molecules of the hydrogel electrolyte enables it to achieve stable operation under large current densities (8 mA cm−2, 4 mAh cm−2). Moreover, a full battery with polyaniline (PANI@ZrO2) displays excellent stability (1500 cycles) with a capacity retention rate of 79.2%. The proposed work provides an insightful design of high‐performance electrolyte materials for energy storage by manipulating the zinc behavior.
The combination of irrigation regime and water cutoff date increases the yield and water use efficiency of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.)
Authors: Avilez Alberto Mario Arroyo , Acevedo Andres Felipe Gaona , Giovanelli Luan Brioschi , Saad João Carlos Cury , Galvão Ícaro Monteiro , Zocoler João Luis , Zanotto Mauricio Dutra 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCastor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is a fibrous and fast‐growing plant with increasing economic importance due to its ability to generate energy and in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. This research aimed to determine the best combination of irrigation regime and irrigation cutoff date (ICD) that maximizes grain and oil yields and water use efficiency (WUE) in the castor bean hybrid AG IMA 110204. The experiments were conducted in greenhouses in randomized blocks using subdivided plots and four replicates. The plots were allocated to five irrigation regimes based on soil water tension: 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 kPa, corresponding to I1, I2, I3, I4, and I5, respectively. The subplots show the four ICDs: 120, 130, 140, and 150 days after sowing (DAS). The I1, I2, and I3 treatments showed the highest values and did not differ in the two cycles for the following variables: weight of 100 grains, grain yield, oil yield, WUE of the grain (WUE‐grains), and WUE of the oil (WUE‐oil). When the irrigation cutoff was 120 DAS, in both cycles, the water regimes I1, I2, and I3 presented the highest values and did not differ in terms of grain or oil yields or WUE‐grains or WUE‐oil. Higher grain and oil yields with lower water demand for castor bean were obtained with the combination of 40 kPa soil water tension to define the time of irrigation and the irrigation cutoff at 120 DAS.
Secular Trends in Birth Weight in Chile and Its Regions Between 1990 and 2021
Authors: Llorca‐Jaña Manuel , Morales‐Campos Daniel 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objective is to analyze secular trends in birth weight (BW) for Chile from 1990 to 2021, focusing on the mean BW and low birth weight (LBW) prevalence, and to assess differences across Chilean regions.MethodsOur sample, obtained from the Chilean National Statistics Office, contains information on 7 822 975 births, including the total births that took place in Chile from 1990 to 2021. We calculated mean BW and LBW prevalence at a national and a regional level. We also gathered national aggregates from 1974 to 1989 from secondary sources.ResultsAt a national level, mean BW increased sharply in Chile from 1983 to 1994 (6%), remained stagnant thereafter, and fell slightly during the last decade and a half. LBW prevalence declined substantially from the mid‐1970s to the mid‐1990s, from 12% to 5%. It stagnated during the early 1990s, after which there was a small but continuous increase to over 6.5%. Antofagasta is the only outlier: its mean BW and the percentage of LBW are permanently lower and higher, respectively.ConclusionsA sharp increase in mean BW from the mid‐1980s to the mid‐1990s, together with the declining percentage of LBW from the mid‐1970s to the mid‐1990s, should be due to the better nutritional status of mothers. The decline in mean BW from the early 2000s (as well as the increasing percentage of LBW) may be due to an increasing proportion of preterm births and the increase in the age of women giving birth. The relatively poor performance of Antofagasta is explained by the region's high altitude, which affected large numbers of the population.
A neuropathology case report of a woman with Down syndrome who remained cognitively stable: Implications for resilience to neuropathology
Authors: Liou Jr‐Jiun , Lou Jerry , Flores‐Aguilar Lisi , Nakagiri Jamie , Yong William , Hom Christy L. , Doran Eric W. , Totoiu Minodora O. , Lott Ira , Mapstone Mark , Keator David B. , Brickman Adam M. , Wright Sierra T. , Nelson Brittany , Lai Florence , Xicota Laura , Dang Lam‐Ha T. , Li Jinghang , Santini Tales , Mettenburg Joseph M. , Ikonomovic Milos D. , Kofler Julia , Ibrahim Tamer , Head Elizabeth ,   for the Alzheimer Biomarker Consortium ‐ Down Syndrome
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAging adults with Down syndrome (DS) accumulate Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology, including amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, by age 40.METHODSWe present findings from an individual with DS who remained cognitively stable despite AD neuropathology. Clinical assessments, fluid biomarkers, neuroimaging, and neuropathological examinations were conducted to characterize her condition.RESULTSHer apolipoprotein E was ε2/ε3 and genome‐wide association study data indicated mosaicism. Neuroimaging revealed stable yet elevated amyloid and moderately elevated tau levels, while neuropathology indicated intermediate AD neuropathologic change with Lewy body and cerebrovascular pathologies. The participant demonstrated stable cognitive functioning in her 60s, potentially attributed to genetic variations, cognitive resilience, and environmental enrichment.DISCUSSIONThese findings emphasize the complexity of AD progression in DS. Further investigation into factors influencing cognitive resilience in individuals with DS is warranted. Understanding the mechanisms underlying cognitive stability in DS could offer insights into resilience to AD neuropathology in people with DS and inform future interventions.Highlights
Findings from clinical assessments, fluid biomarkers, genotyping, neuroimaging, and neuropathological examinations of an individual with Down syndrome (DS) who remained cognitively stable despite Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology are presented.
Neuroimaging revealed stable yet elevated amyloid profiles and moderately elevated tau levels, while neuropathology indicated intermediate AD neuropathologic change with Lewy body and cerebrovascular pathologies.
Despite the presence of AD pathology, the participant demonstrated intact cognitive functioning, potentially attributed to genetic variations, cognitive resilience, and environmental enrichment, emphasizing the complexity of AD progression in DS.
Heparin‐Binding Protein in Cerebrospinal Fluid as a Biomarker for Bacterial Meningitis: A Study of Diagnostic Accuracy
Authors: Olie Sabine E. , Staal Steven L. , da Cruz Campos Ana C. , Bodilsen Jacob , Nielsen Henrik , van de Beek Diederik , Brouwer Matthijs C. 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of heparin‐binding protein (HBP) in cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in patients with a suspected central nervous system infection.MethodsThis prospective multicenter cohort study determined the diagnostic accuracy of HBP in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for bacterial meningitis among a cohort of consecutive patients with a suspected central nervous infection. The final clinical diagnosis was considered the reference standard. The results were validated in a separate cohort.ResultsA total of 631 Dutch patients were evaluated for the current study, of which 73 (12%) had a final diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. For the differentiation of bacterial meningitis from all other disorders, diagnostic accuracy was high with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96–1.00). With the proposed cutoff of 5.2 ng/ml, sensitivity was 97% with a specificity of 96%. In the population of patients with a CSF leukocyte count of 5‐1,000/mm3, the AUC was 0.96 (95% CI 0.87–1.00), outperforming CSF leukocytes (AUC 0.88 [95% CI 0.79–0.97]). Combining HBP with CSF C‐reactive protein (CRP) significantly increased accuracy in this population and reached a 100% sensitivity (AUC 1.00 [95% CI 0.99–1.00], cutoff 0.07, sensitivity 100%, specificity 96%). These results remained robust in an external validation cohort of 120 Danish patients (AUC 0.97 [95% CI 0.93–1.00]).InterpretationHBP can correctly distinguish bacterial meningitis from other disorders. It can be of additional value to current diagnostics in cases where CSF leukocyte count is relatively low, particularly when combined with CSF CRP. ANN NEUROL 2025
Sulfur Conversion to Donor‐Acceptor Ladder Polymer Networks through Mechanochemical Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution for Efficient CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Yang Na , Zhou Zi‐Jian , Zhu Xiang , Wu Jiwei , Zhang Yifan , Wang Tao , Wu Xin‐Ping , Tian Chengcheng , Jiang Xia , Dai Sheng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe development of synthetic methods capable of converting elemental sulfur into conjugated porous sulfur‐rich polymers remains a great challenge, although direct utilization of this readily available feedstock can significantly enrich its uses and circumvent environmental problems during sulfur storage. We report herein mechanochemical (MC) nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) that enables sulfur conversion into thianthrene‐bridged porous ladder polymer networks with dense donor‐acceptor (D−A) molecular junctions. We demonstrate that the key lies in the generation of bent thianthrene units through a solid‐state ball‐milling condensation reaction between 1,2‐dihaloarenes and elemental sulfur. We also show that the assembling of D−A structural motifs into porous networks affords efficient visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) with water (H2O) vapor, in the absence of any additional photosensitizer, sacrificial agents or cocatalysts. Exceptional photoinduced charge separation along with boosted exciton dissociation results in a high‐performance of carbon monoxide (CO) production rate of 306.1 μmol g−1 h−1 with near 100 % CO selectivity, which is accompanied by H2O oxidation to O2, as confirmed by both experimental and theoretical results. We anticipate this novel MC SNAr approach will advance processing techniques for direct sulfur utilization and facilitate new possibilities for the synthesis of D−A ladder polymer networks with promising potential in photocatalysis.
Wohin geht das Proton? Struktur und Dynamik der Wasserstoffbrückenbindungsschaltung in Aminophosphinchalkogeniden
Authors: Huber Tanja , Mayer Gabriel , Kümper Manuel , Silva Wagner , Fontana Nicolò , Falk Alexander , Schreiner Simon H. F. , Gramüller Johannes , Scrimgeour Alexander , Groß Emily , Gschwind Ruth M. , Horinek Dominik , Nuernberger Patrick , Bauer Jonathan O. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAminophosphate stehen im Mittelpunkt der Forschung zur präbiotischen Phosphorylierungschemie. Ihre bifunktionelle Beschaffenheit macht sie auch zu einer leistungsstarken Klasse von Organokatalysatoren. Allerdings sind die Strukturchemie und Dynamik der Protonenbindung in Phosphorylierungs‐ und organokatalytischen Mechanismen noch immer nicht vollständig verstanden. Aminophosphinchalkogenide, die das zentrale H2N−P+−Ch−‐Strukturmotiv bewahren, stellen geeignete molekulare Modelle dar, welche die Protonenbindung, das Schalten von Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen und das supramolekulare Selbstorganisationsverhalten katalytisch und präbiotisch relevanter Moleküle nachahmen. Durch spektroskopische (IR, 1H‐DOSY, 15N‐NMR), moleküldynamische und computergestützte Untersuchungen wurde die dynamische Protonenschaltfähigkeit von aminophosphatanalogen Verbindungen nachgewiesen. Es wurde gezeigt, unter welchen Bedingungen die Amino‐ (NH2) oder Chalkogen‐ (Ch) Funktionen in H2N−P+−Ch−‐Struktureinheiten protoniert werden. In der Tat wurden alle denkbaren Arten der Wasserstoffbrückenbindung identifiziert, was erhebliche Unterschiede zwischen dem Sauerstoffderivat und den schwereren Congeneren offenbarte. Bei Verwendung koordinierender Anionen wurden supramolekulare Zickzack‐ und würfelförmige Anordnungen im Festkörper und in Lösung gefunden. Nach dem Aufbrechen der Würfelstruktur gehen die Sulfide und Selenide keine stabilen Wechselwirkungen mehr mit HCl‐Molekülen ein. In Abwesenheit koordinierender Anionen findet hingegen bevorzugt die Protonierung der Chalkogenfunktion statt. Im Gegensatz zum Sauerstoffderivat zeigen die schwereren protonierten Congenere ein dynamisches intramolekulares Protonenhüpfen zwischen der Chalkogen‐ und der Aminofunktion.
Machine Learning‐Guided Modulation of Li+ Solvation Structures towards Optimal Electrolyte Systems for High‐Performance Li−O2 Battery
Authors: Liu Dapeng , Fu Zerui , Wang Shu , Gong Xiangrui , You Tingting , Yu Haohan , Jiang Ying , Zhang Yu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs the “blood” of Li−O2 batteries (LOBs), electrolytes with various solvation structures of Li+ can greatly influence the composition of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on anode and the growth kinetics of Li2O2 on cathode, and further the battery performance. However, achieving delicate modulation of the multi‐composition electrolytes remains significantly challenging to simultaneously give consideration to both the anode and cathode reactions. In this work, we employed Bayesian optimization to develop advanced electrolytes for LOBs, enabling the formation of a stable inorganic‐rich SEI, and modulation of Li2O2 morphologies. Thus obtained LOBs using the optimized dual‐solvent electrolyte could deliver a discharge capacity of 14,063 mAh g−1 at a current density of 500 mA g−1, which is far higher than those using the single‐solvent electrolytes. This study not only highlights the critical role of the solvation structure for improving the battery performance, but also provides new insights and important theoretical guidance for delicate modulation of electrolyte compositions.