bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A bibliographic survey of the structural chemistry of the Group 13 dithiophosphates and dithiophosphinates
Authors: Tiekink Edward R. T. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A survey of the crystallographically determined structures of the Group 13 dithiophosphates and dithiophosphinates is presented with a focus upon both the molecular structures and supramolecular association involving the heavy element. Only small numbers of aluminium(III) (two) and gallium(III) (one) structures are known and these along with the 10 indium(III) examples have a preponderance towards homoleptic species with most coordination geometries based on an octahedron owing to the presence of symmetrically or almost symmetrically chelating phosphorodithiolato ligands; the notable exception is the gallium species which has an approximately tetrahedral geometry as two of the dithiophosphinate ligands coordinate in a monodentate mode. Diverse molecular structures are noted for the four heteroleptic examples of the lighter Group 13 elements which assemble in their crystals employing intermolecular interactions that do not involve the central element, as with the homoleptic structures. A completely different situation is evident for the thallium(I)/(III) structures which display a diverse array of coordination geometries and which usually assemble via Tl⋯S triel-bonding interactions; in the supramolecular assembly of thallium(I) crystals, Tl(lone-pair)⋯π(aryl) interactions are often observed.
Weekly Fluctuations in, and Associations Between, Salivary Hormone Responses, Load, and Well-Being During the Pre-season in Professional Male Basketball Players
Authors: Kamarauskas Paulius , Scanlan Aaron T. , Ferioli Davide , Conte Daniele 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Kamarauskas, P, Scanlan, A, Ferioli, D, and Conte, D. Weekly fluctuations in, and associations between, salivary hormone responses, load, and well-being during the pre-season in professional male basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 38(1): 128–135, 2024—This study aimed to (a) quantify weekly fluctuations in hormonal responses (testosterone [T], cortisol [C], and their ratio [T:C]), external (PlayerLoad [PL] and PL·minute−1) and internal (session rating of perceived exertion load [sRPE-load], summated heart rate zones [SHRZs], and percentage of maximal heart rate [%HRmax]) load measures, and well-being measured using a self-reported questionnaire and (b) determine the associations between weekly changes in hormonal responses and load measures with weekly changes in well-being during the pre-season phase in basketball players. Twenty-one professional male basketball players (age: 26.2 ± 4.9 years) were monitored during a 5-week pre-season phase. Linear mixed models were used to determine weekly differences in each variable and associations between weekly changes in hormonal and load variables with weekly changes in well-being. Findings revealed that T (p < 0.001) and T:C (p = 0.002) increased toward the end of the pre-season phase. Moreover, higher (p < 0.05) external (PL·minute−1) and internal (%HRmax) load intensities were evident during the first 3 weeks of the pre-season, with no significant fluctuations in other load variables. Weekly changes in PL and sRPE-load were negatively associated (p < 0.05) with weekly changes in well-being, albeit weak in magnitudes (R
2 = 0.061–0.105). These results highlight that a periodized approach was undertaken across the pre-season predominantly predicated on altering weekly load intensities, which coincided with positive hormonal responses toward the end of the pre-season. In addition, weak relationships were evident between weekly changes in hormonal responses and load measures with well-being, emphasizing that a low commonality may be present between these constructs.
Effects of Minimal-Equipment Resistance Training and Blood Flow Restriction on Military-Relevant Performance Outcomes
Authors: Cintineo Harry P. , Chandler Alexa J. , Mastrofini Gianna F. , Lints Blaine S. , McFadden Bridget A. , Arent Shawn M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Cintineo, HP, Chandler, AJ, Mastrofini, GF, Lints, BS, McFadden, BA, and Arent, SM. Effects of minimal-equipment resistance training and blood flow restriction on military-relevant performance outcomes. J Strength Cond Res 38(1): 55–65, 2024—This study compared minimal-equipment resistance training (RT) with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) to traditional-equipment RT on performance and body composition changes over 6 weeks. Reserve officers' training corps cadets and midshipmen (N = 54, 40.7% female) were randomized into traditional-equipment RT (TRAD), minimal-equipment RT (MIN), or minimal-equipment RT with BFR (MIN + BFR). Performance and body composition were assessed pretraining and post-training, and measures of intensity and workload were evaluated throughout. Performance assessments included the army combat fitness test (ACFT), countermovement vertical jump, 3RM bench press, and V̇O2max; body composition measures included body fat percentage, fat-free mass, and muscle and tendon thickness. All groups trained 4 days per week after a full-body routine. Data were analyzed by mixed-effects models (α = 0.05). Group-by-time interactions for 3RM deadlift and 3RM bench press (p < 0.004) showed larger improvements for TRAD compared with MIN and MIN + BFR. Time main effects for all other performance variables, body fat percentage, fat-free mass, and muscle thickness (p ≤ 0.035) indicated improvements in all groups. A group-by-time interaction for blood lactate (p < 0.001) and group main effects for heart rate (p < 0.001) and workload variables (p < 0.008) indicated higher intensity and workload for MIN and MIN + BFR compared with TRAD. A sex-by-time interaction for 3RM deadlift (p = 0.008) and sex-by-group-by-time interaction for 3RM bench press (p = 0.018) were also found. Minimal-equipment RT improved performance and body composition, although strength improvements were greater with traditional equipment. Minimal-equipment RT and minimal-equipment RT with BFR exhibited higher exertion levels than TRAD, although adaptations were similar. Overall, individuals can improve performance and body composition using portable, field-expedient RT equipment.
The Protection of Entrepreneurs and the European Convention on Human Rights
Authors: Wiśniewski Adam 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In comparison to the European Convention on Human Rights, the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, which provides in its Article 16 for the freedom to conduct a business, is a much more modern instrument. In this article I argue that the Convention nevertheless appears to be no less important a document offering protection of entrepreneurs’ rights. This is the case even though it does not provide any particular rights devoted to the running of a business by entrepreneurs. This is possible, first of all, due to the right of individual application which may be lodged directly with the European Court of Human Rights in its capacity as an international court. No comparable measure for an individual complaint is available under the UN Charter. Secondly, the extensive case law of the Strasbourg Court has made it possible for entrepreneurs to rely on a number of Convention rights, despite the fact that these rights, at least at first glance, are not connected with the running of a business. This refers not only to the right to a fair trial on the protection of property, which offer entrepreneurs the protection of a number of their interests, but also to rights which at first glance have nothing to do with the running of the business, such as the right to respect for private and family life protected under Article 8 of the Convention. As a result, the right of individual complaint to the ECtHR should be perceived as an important measure of the protection and enforcements of entrepreneurs’ rights at the international level, in case of any failure to secure the protection of those rights at the national level.
Category of Norm: Comparative Analyses of Formal Legal and Institutional Conceptions
Authors: Atanov Andrey , Rudyakov Vasilii 
Published: December 2023

The study considered one of the central categories of institutional theory — category of norms. The problem of defining this category is relevant to other social sciences. It is obvious that researchers borrow the definition of a norm from legal disciplines. However, formal legal approach has a number of notional and logical contradictions that leads to an ideologem. In the article a norm is considered in a more structural way within a framework of meanings and values that are more typical characteristics for the institutional theory. The category of norms is closely connected with such categories as authority, state and others. When applying only formal legal approach there is a high risk of substitution when instead of the state as a form of authority emerges another form of authority, which is still called a ‘state’. Moreover, special emphasis is placed on politics but not on law. Institutional approach demonstrates quite different perspective as axiological foundations are essential in the structure of a functional institution. These two conceptions are compared in the article.
EFFICACY OF TOPICAL MINOXIDIL 5% AND BETAMETHASONE VALERATE 0.1% VERSUS BETAMETHASONE VALERATE 0.1% MONOTHERAPY IN NON-SEGMENTAL VITILIGO
Authors: Ali Roshna , El-Ethawi Ali 
Published: December 2023

Background Vitiligo is a common depigmentation disorder of the skin. Circumscribed amelanotic patches characterize it due to the destruction of melanocytes. It affects 0.5-2.0% of general population. Many combinations of medical therapies have been studied, but the optimal treatment has yet to be identified. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of topical minoxidil 5% plus betamethasone valerate 0.1% compared to betamethasone valerate 0.1% monotherapy in the treatment of non-segmental vitiligo Materials and Methods This open-label, comparative, therapeutic clinical trial was conducted at the Sulaimani dermatology teaching center from May 2021 to February 2022. In this trial, 30 patients with non-segmental vitiligo were divided into two groups, 15 patients each; group A treated with topical minoxidil 5% spray & betamethasone valerate 0.1% cream, and group B was treated with betamethasone valerate 0.1% cream alone, the two regimens were used twice a day and patients were followed up for three months. Results The mean percentage of depigmentation in groups A and B were (21.9%) & (16%), respectively. Conclusion Topical minoxidil & betamethasone valerate combination achieved a higher grade of depigmentation, especially in the vitiligo of the hair-bearing areas of the head & neck. However, there was no significant difference compared to betamethasone valerate alone (P value = 0.8).
Potential Poroelastic Triggering of the 2020 M 5.0 Mentone Earthquake in the Delaware Basin, Texas, by Shallow Injection Wells
Authors: Tan Xinyu , Lui Semechah K. Y. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The Delaware basin in Texas, one of the largest oil and gas production sites in the United States, has been impacted by widespread seismicity in recent years. The M 5.0 earthquake that occurred in March 2020 near the town of Mentone is one of the largest induced earthquakes recorded in this region. Characterizing the source parameters and triggering mechanism of this major event is imperative to assess and mitigate future hazard risk. A former study showed that this event may be attributed to the deep injection nearby. Interestingly, the earthquake is in proximity to shallow injection wells with much larger total injection volume. In this study, we investigate the role of these shallow injection wells in the triggering of the M 5.0 event despite their farther distance from the mainshock. We perform source-parameter inversion and earthquake relocation to determine the precise orientation of the south-facing normal-fault plane where the mainshock occurred, followed by fully coupled poroelastic stress modeling of the change of Coulomb failure stress (ΔCFS) on the fitted fault plane caused by shallow injection in the region. Results show that shallow wells caused up to 20 kPa of ΔCFS near the mainshock location, dominated by positive poroelastic stress change. Such perturbation surpasses the general triggering threshold of faults that are well aligned with the local stress field and suggests the nonnegligible role of these shallow wells in the triggering of the mainshock. We also discuss the complex effect of poroelastic stress perturbation in the subsurface and highlight the importance of detailed geomechanical evaluation of the reservoir when developing relevant operational and safety policies.
The repeat time of the 1811 and 1812 New Madrid earthquakes: A geological perspective
Authors: Wesnousky Steven G. , Leffler Lisa M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The great New Madrid earthquakes of 1811 and 1812 were accompanied by extensive liquefaction within the meizoseismal zone. We examined tens of kilometers of freshly excavated ditch banks within the southern limb of the New Madrid Seismic Zone for evidence of prehistoric liquefaction events. Radiocarbon dates indicate that the exposures studied provide a record of the last 5000 to 10,000 years. Analyses of the statistics of historical seismicity imply a relatively short 550- to 1100-yr repeat time for 1811- to 1812-type earthquakes. In contrast, our search did not reveal definitive evidence of widespread paleoliquefaction events and, hence, provides no independent support for the relatively short 550- to 1100-yr return time implied by statistics of historical seismicity.
Structural and Functional Disturbances of the Thoracic Aorta in Atherosclerosis of Various Gradations
Authors: Vrublevsky A. V. , Boshchenko A. A. , Bogdanov Yu. I. , Saushkin V. V. , Shnaider O. L. 
Published: December 2023

Aim To study global aortic circumferential strain in normal conditions and in atherosclerosis of various grades and to determine its role in prediction of structural and functional disorders of the thoracic aorta (TA) and coronary atherosclerosis using 2D speckle-tracking transesophageal echocardiography.Material and methods 182 patients with typical or probable angina were examined. The control group consisted of 11 healthy volunteers. TA was visualized along its entire length. The height of each atheroma was measured, and the total number of plaques in the TA was determined. Five stages of TA atherosclerosis were identified. In the descending TA, the global peak systolic circumferential strain (GCS, %) and the global peak systolic circumferential strain normalized to pulse arterial pressure (PAP) (GCS / PAP∙100) were calculated. All patients underwent coronary angiography. The number of coronary arteries (CAs) with >50 % stenosis was determined, and the SYNTAX Score was calculated.Results TA atherosclerosis was not detected in the control group. Among 182 patients, stage 1-5 TA atherosclerosis was found in 23 (12.6 %), 103 (56.6 %), 43 (23.6 %), 7 (3.8 %), and 6 (3.4 %) cases respectively. GCS and GCS / PAD decreased as the ultrasound stage of TA atherosclerosis increased as compared with the control group: 9.2 % and 15.3 for the control group; stage 1, 5.6 % and 8.9 (p<0.001); stage 2, 4.1 % and 5.9 (p<0.001); stage 3, 4 % and 5.8 (p<0.001); stage 4, 3.7 % and 4.9 (p<0.01); and stage 5, 2.6 % and 3.3 (p<0.01), respectively. ROC analysis showed that GCS ≥5.9 % (area under the curve, AUC, 0.94±0.03; p<0.001) and GCS / PAD ≥11.4 (AUC, 0.97±0.02; p <0.001) were predictors of intact TA. Also, GCS ≤4.85 % (AUC, 0.82±0.04; p<0.001) and GCS / PAD ≤8.06 (AUC, 0.87±0.03; p<0.001) were predictors of hemodynamically significant TA atherosclerosis (stages 3-5). GCS ≤4.05 % (AUC, 0.62±0.04; p=0.007) and GCS / PAD ≤5.95 (AUC, 0.61±0.04; p=0.018) were predictors of hemodynamically significant (>50 %) stenosing atherosclerosis of at least one CA. Furthermore, GCS ≤3.75 % (AUC, 0.67±0.07; p=0.039) and GCS / PAD ≤5.15 (AUC, 0.64±0.07; p=0.045) were predictors of severe and advanced coronary atherosclerosis (SYNTAX Score ≥22).Conclusion GCS and GCS / PAD are new diagnostic markers of structural and functional disorders of TA in atherosclerosis of various grades. GCS and GCS / PAD are independent predictors of high-grade TA atherosclerosis (stages 3-5) with GCS / PAD demonstrating the highest level of significance. GCS and GCS / PAD are non-invasive predictors of severe and advanced CA atherosclerosis.
Randomized Clinical Trial of Hybrid vs. Surgical vs. Percutaneous Multivessel Coronary Revascularization: 5‑year Follow-up of HREVS Trial
Authors: Ganyukov V. I. , Kochergin N. A. , Shilov A. A. , Tarasov R. S. , Kozyrin K. A. , Prokudina E. S. , Barbarash O. L. , Barbarash L. S. 
Published: December 2023

Aim To evaluate 5-year results of the HREVS (Hybrid REvascularization Versus Standarts) study.Material and methods The study included 155 consecutive patients with multivessel coronary artery disease who were randomized into 3 groups: coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (n=50), hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR) (n=52) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (n=53) according to the consensus of the cardiology team on the technical and clinical feasibility of each of the three coronary revascularization strategies. The primary endpoint of the study was residual ischemia 12 months after revascularization according to data of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Secondary endpoints were major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) over 5 years of follow-up, which included all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and clinically determined repeat myocardial revascularization.Results Baseline characteristics of patients did not differ between study groups. Median residual ischemia determined by SPECT data after 12 months was not statistically significantly different in the CABG, HCR and PCI groups: 6.7 [4.6; 8.8]%, 6.4 [4.3; 8.5]% and 7.9 [5.9; 9.8]%, respectively (p=0.45). Mean follow-up period was 76.5 months (at least 60 months). There were no statistically significant differences in all-cause mortality between the CABG, HCR and PCI groups, 10.6, 12.8 and 8.2 %, respectively (p=0.23). Statistically significant differences between the groups of CABG, HCR and PCI in the incidence of myocardial infarction (12.8; 8.5 and 16.3 %; p=0.12), stroke (4.2; 6.4 and 10.2 % ; p=0.13), repeat revascularization for clinical indications (23.4; 23.4 and 34.7 %; p=0.11) were not observed either. However, the cumulative 5-year MACCE value was similar in the HCR group and the CABG group but significantly lower than in the PCI group (51.1, 51.1 and 69.4 %, respectively; p = 0.03).Conclusion HCR that combines advantages of PCI and CABG is a promising strategy for coronary revascularization in multivessel coronary artery disease. HCR demonstrates satisfactory long-term results comparable to those of CABG but superior to PCI. To confirm the safety and efficacy of HCR, a large multicenter study is required that would have a sufficient power to evaluate clinical endpoints.
Predictors of Atrial Fibrillation Developing in Hospital Stage After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Mingalimova A. R. , Nefedova G. A. , Drapkina O. M. 
Published: December 2023

Aim To identify independent predictors associated with in-hospital atrial fibrillation (AF) following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Material and methods The study included 80 patients (88.75 % men) who had elective CABG surgery at the Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine. Based on the development of AF during the hospital stage of treatment (up to 10 days after CABG surgery), patients were divided into two groups. The group with AF consisted of 19 patients, and the group without AF consisted of 61 patients. All patients underwent electrocardiography (ECG), transthoracic echocardiography (EchoCG) with calculation of the left ventricular (LV) geometry type, and assessment of operational indexes. During surgery, biopsy of a part of the right atrial (RA) appendage was taken from 61 patients to verify the severity of myocardial fibrosis on a four-score scale where 0 is no interstitial fibrosis, 1 is slight fibrosis, 2 is moderate fibrosis, and 3 is severe fibrosis.Results All included patients had a low risk of developing postoperative complications according to the EuroSCORE II scale. According to EchoCG data, patients with AF had significantly higher ratios of left ventricular myocardial mass to body surface area (LVMM / BSA) (p = 0.0006) and of left atrial volume to body surface area (LA volume / BSA), p = 0.008). The distribution of patients by type of LV geometry was as follows: in the group with AF, 52.63 % (n=10) of patients were diagnosed with concentric LV hypertrophy (LVH) whereas in the group without AF, the majority of patients (83.60 %, n=51) had normal LV geometry and concentric LV remodeling (LVR) (p<0.0001). According to the results of histological study, patients of the AF group more frequently had moderate and severe interstitial fibrosis in the AF appendage (p = 0.003). After multivariate regression and ROC analysis, the predictive value remained for concentric LVH (p=0.002), LVMM / BSA ratio ≥97 g / m2 (p=0.006), LA volume / BSA ratio ≥ 34.4 ml / m2 (p=0.04), and for RA appendage interstitial fibrosis score ≥2 (p=0.004). Based on the identified predictors, a regression model was developed to predict the development of AF at the hospital stage after CABG (p<0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity of the model were 86.67 % and 78.26 %, respectively.Conclusion In patients at low perioperative risk, the LVMM / BSA ratio ≥97 g / m2, the LA volume ratio / BSA ≥34.4 ml / m2, a RA appendage interstitial fibrosis score ≥2, and the presence of LVH were independent predictors of the development of AF at the hospital stage after CABG operation.Conclusion In patients at low perioperative risk, a LVMM / BSA ratio ≥97 g / m2, a LA volume / BSA ratio ≥34.4 ml / m2, a RA appendage interstitial fibrosis score ≥2, and the presence of LVH were independent predictors of the development of AF at the hospital stage after CABG.