bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhinovirus and the lower respiratory tract
Authors: Hayden Frederick G. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractHuman rhinoviruses (HRVs) are well‐recognised causes of common colds and associated upper respiratory tract complications such as sinusitis and otitis media. This article reviews information linking HRV infection to illness in the lower respiratory tract. HRVs are capable of efficient replication in vitro at temperatures present in the tracheobronchial tree and have been shown to cause productive infection, elaboration of cytokines and chemokines, and up‐regulation of cell surface markers in human bronchial epithelial cells. In situ hybridisation studies have proven that HRV infection occurs in the tracheobronchial tree following experimental infection. Clinical studies report that HRV infection is the second most frequently recognised agent associated with pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and young children and commonly causes exacerbations of pre‐existing airways disease in those with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cystic fibrosis. HRV infection is associated with one‐third to one‐half of asthma exacerbations depending on age and is linked to asthma hospitalisations in both adults and children. Limited information implicates HRV infection as a cause of severe lower respiratory tract illness in older adults and in highly immunocompromised hosts, particularly bone marrow transplant recipients. More information is needed about the pathogenesis of HRV infection with regard to lower respiratory tract complications in these diverse patient groups. Given the large unmet medical need associated with HRV infections, safe and effective antiviral agents are needed for both prevention and treatment of these infections. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prospects for antiviral ribozymes and deoxyribozymes
Authors: Peracchi Alessio 
Published: January 2004

AbstractRibozymes and deoxyribozymes (collectively referred to as nucleic acid enzymes) can be designed to cleave substrate mRNAs in a sequence‐specific manner, and thus represent a potentially important tool to inhibit selectively the expression of deleterious genes. Nucleic acid enzymes can be delivered to cells either as genes encoding RNA enzymes (ribozymes), or exogenously as in vitro produced agents. This review focuses in particular on the ‘exogenous application’ of ribozymes and deoxyribozymes as antiviral drugs.In the past few years, the therapeutic development of ribozymes and deoxyribozymes has encountered a variety of problems, several of which have now been solved thanks to a massive amount of research. Much progress has been made towards understanding the structure and mechanism of these catalysts, improving their stability and effectiveness in vivo, and investigating their clinical usage. Despite this, it is not yet clear whether these molecules can be developed into clinically useful pharmaceutical preparations. To address the long‐term prospects of this class of therapeutics, it is necessary to consider their intrinsic capabilities and limits, the developmental difficulties that they still face and the comparative advantages and disadvantages they may offer with respect to other oligonucleotide‐based therapeutic approaches. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses and Characterization of Mixed‐Anions Lead(II) Complexes, [Pb(phen)2(CH3COO)]X (X=NCS—, NO3— and ClO4—), Crystal Structure of [Pb(phen)2(CH3COO)](ClO4)
Authors: Morsali Ali , Mahjoub Ali R. , Darzi Simin Janitabar , Soltanian Mohammad J. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe 1:2 adduct lead(II) complexes with 1, 10‐phenanthroline (phen) containing three different anions, [Pb(phen)2(CH3COO)X] (X=NCS—, NO3— and ClO4—), have been synthesized and characterized by CHN elemental analysis, IR‐, 1H‐ and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The structure of [Pb(phen)2(CH3COO)(ClO4)] was determined by single crystal X‐ray analysis. The Pb atom of the monomeric complex is coordinated by four nitrogen atoms of two 1, 10‐phenanthroline ligands and two oxygen atoms of the acetate ligand to form an irregular octahedron. The arrangement of the 1, 10‐phenanthroline and acetate ligands, exhibits a coordination gap around the PbII ion, possibly occupied by a stereochemical electron active lone pair on lead(II), which results in a hemidirected lead compound. The π‐π stacking interaction between the parallel aromatic rings may help to increase the coordination ‘gap’ around the PbII ion.
The Reaction of 2‐X‐1, 2‐Difluoroalk‐1‐enyldifluoroboranes with Xenon Difluoride. A Methodical Approach to 1, 2‐Difluoroalk‐1‐enylxenon(II) Salts
Authors: Frohn Hermann‐Josef , Adonin Nicolay Yu. , Bardin Vadim V. 
Published: December 2003

Abstract2‐X‐1, 2‐Difluoroalk‐1‐enylxenon(II) salts were prepared by the reaction of XeF2 with XCF=CFBF2 (X = F, trans‐H, cis‐Cl, trans‐Cl, cis‐CF3, cis‐C2F5) but no organoxenon(II) compounds were obtained when the trans‐isomers of boranes, trans‐XCF=CFBF2 (X = CF3, C4F9, C4H9, Et3Si), were used under similar conditions.
Synthesis and Structure of a Molecular Zinc Phosphate [(C12H8N2Zn)2(HPO4)(H2PO4)2]
Authors: Ganesan S. V. , Thirumurugan A. , Natarajan Srinivasan 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA hydrothermal reaction of a mixture of ZnCO3, phosphoric acid, 1, 10‐phenanthroline in H2O gave rise to large plates of a new zinc phosphate, [(C12H8N2Zn)2(HPO4)(H2PO4)2], I. The structure consists of ZnO3N2 distorted trigonal‐bipyramidal and PO4 tetrahedral units linked through their vertices to give rise to a zero‐dimensional molecular solid (monomer). The structure of the monomer appears to be similar to the secondary building unit (SBU) 4 = 1, commonly found in many fibrous zeolites. To our knowledge, this is the first time this building unit has been isolated. The structure, with a unique composition, is stabilized by hydrogen bond interactions between the terminal —OH groups forms a one‐dimensional molecular wire and also by strong π…π interactions between the 1, 10‐phenanthroline units. Photoluminescence studies show that there is a ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT). Crystal data: orthorhombic, space group = Fdd2 (no. 43), a = 40.4669(1), b = 7.4733(2), c = 17.4425(5)Å, V = 5274.9(2)Å3, Z = 8.
Synthesis and Structure of High‐Nuclearity Bimetallic Clusters containing Polycyanometallate Cores capped by [NiII(pyN4)] Fragments
Authors: López Jesús Pitarch , Heinemann Frank W. , Grohmann Andreas 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe use of the pyN4 coordination cap to synthesize high‐nuclearity clusters supported by polycyanometallate units was explored. The heptanuclear bimetallic complexes 2 and 3 were obtained as their salts by reacting stoichiometric amounts of pyN4 and Ni(ac)2 with K3[Fe(CN)6] and K4[Mo(CN)8], respectively. The tetranuclear complex 4 formed as a by‐product in the synthesis of 3. Temperature‐dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements carried out for 2 revealed that this compound behaves as a paramagnet over the whole range of temperatures.
Syntheses, Structures, and Properties of Lanthanide Supramolecular Complexes with 1, 10‐Phenanthroline and Terminal Amino Acids with Different Chain Lengths
Authors: Zheng Xiangjun , Jin Linpei , Lu Shaozhe , Zheng Yueqing 
Published: December 2003

AbstractFour lanthanide supramolecular coordination compounds, [Eu(gly)2(phen)2(H2O)2](ClO4)3(phen)4 · H2O (1), [Eu2(APA)6(phen)2](ClO4)6(phen)4 · 3H2O (2), [Tb2(ABA)4(phen)4](ClO4)6(phen)4 (3), and [Eu2(AHA)4(phen)4](ClO4)6(phen)2 · 2H2O · 2C2H5OH (4) (gly = glycine, APA = 3‐aminopropionic acid, ABA = 4‐aminobutanoic acid, AHA = 6‐aminohexanoic acid, phen = 1, 10‐phenanthroline), were synthesized and characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compound 1 has a 2‐D supramolecular layered structure of mononuclear coordination cations and free phen molecules connected via hydrogen bonding and π‐π stacking interactions. 2 forms a 3‐D supramolecular network by hydrogen bonding between binuclear coordination cations and free phen molecules, between coordination cations and lattice water molecules, and π‐π stacking interactions between free phen molecules. Compounds 3 and 4 form 2‐D supramolecular structures with π‐π stacking between coordinating phen molecules, and between free phen molecules hydrogen‐bonded to the binuclear coordination cations. The high‐resolution emission spectra show only one Eu3+ ion site in the title complexes. The aqueous solutions of the title complexes are all photochromic with the color of the solution changing from yellow to green when irradiated by mercury lamp. During the decoloration process, they return to yellow color.
Ein Calciumurannitrid — (Ca3U)N4 — mit Natriumchloridstruktur
Authors: Heckers Uwe , Jacobs Herbert , Kockelmann Winfried 
Published: December 2003

AbstractMixtures of calcium amide, Ca(NH2)2 and uranium hydride, UH3 were reacted at temperatures between 600 °C and 1000 °C for 2d to 30d. Starting with a mixture 3 : 1 a singlephase, black, microcrystalline product is obtained. As a result of X‐ray and neutron diffraction the phase has the composition (Ca0, 75U0, 25)N = Ca3UN4. It crystallizes in the space group Fm3¯m with a = 4.9398 (1) Å in the sodium chloride structure type with statistical occupation of the cation site 4a by 3Ca and 1U.
Structural Studies of Bis(cyclopentadienyl)molybdenum‐Amino Acid Complexes
Authors: Vujevic Goranka , Janiak Christoph 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe crystal structures of molybdocene‐amino acid compounds of the type [Cp2MoIV(κN, κO‐AA)]+Cl—·xH2O with AA = D‐phenylalaninato (x = 1.5), DL‐leucinato (x = 2) and DL‐valinato (x = 1) have been determined (Cp = η5‐C5H5). The compounds feature an almost planar, five‐membered chelate ring of the aminocarboxylate moiety (deprotonated amino acid) with the molybdenum atom. In the phenylalaninato complex π‐stacking between the phenyl rings is found. The complexes were proven kinetically stable at pH < 1 for at least 24 h.
Chloroberyllate mit Stickstoff‐Donorliganden. Die Kristallstrukturen von (Ph4P)[BeCl3(Py)], (Ph4P)2[(BeCl3)2(TMEDA)], (Ph4P)[BeCl2{(Me3SiN)2CPh}] und (Ph4P)2[BeCl4] · 2CH2Cl2
Authors: Neumüller Bernhard , Dehnicke Kurt 
Published: December 2003

AbstractDie im Titel genannten Chloroberyllate entstehen als farblose, feuchtigkeitsempfindliche Kristalle durch Umsetzungen von (Ph4P)2[Be2Cl6] mit Pyridin, TMEDA (N, N′‐Tetramethylethylendiamin) oder dem silylierten Benzamidin PhC[N(SiMe3)2(NSiMe3)], während das Tetrachloroberyllat als Nebenprodukt aus Dichlormethanlösung in Gegenwart des silylierten Phosphanimins Me3SiNP(Tolyl)3 kristallisiert. Alle Verbindungen werden durch Kristallstrukturanalysen und IR‐Spektren charakterisiert.(Ph4P)[BeCl3(Py)] (1): Raumgruppe Pbcm, Z = 4, Gitterkonstanten bei 193 K: a = 756, 2(1); b = 1739, 2(2); c = 2016, 3(2) pm, R1 = 0, 0626. Das komplexe Anion enthält tetraedrisch koordiniertes Berylliumatom mit einem Be—N‐Abstand von 176, 5 pm.(Ph4P)2[(BeCl3)2(TMEDA)]·2CH2Cl2 (2·2CH2Cl2). Raumgruppe P1¯, Z = 1, Gitterkonstanten bei 193 K: a = 1072, 7(1); b = 1132, 6(1); c = 1248, 9(1) pm, α = 95, 34(1)°; β = 92, 80(1)°; γ = 90, 81(1)°; R1 = 0, 0344. Im komplexen zentrosymmetrischen Anion sind beide N‐Atome des TMEDA‐Moleküls durch BeCl3—‐Einheiten koordiniert mit Be—N‐Abständen von 181, 3 pm.(PPh4)[BeCl2{(Me3SiN)2CPh}] (3). Raumgruppe C2, Z = 2, Gitterkonstanten bei 193 K: a = 1255, 4(2); b = 1401, 9(2); c = 1085, 2(2) pm, R1 = 0, 0288. In dem komplexen Anion fungiert der Benzamidinatoligand {(Me3SiN)2CPh}— als Chelat mit Be—N‐Abständen von 174, 9 pm.(Ph4P)2[BeCl4]·2CH2Cl2 (4·2CH2Cl2). Raumgruppe P2/c, Z = 4, Gitterkonstanten bei 193 K: a = 2295, 4(1); b = 982, 5(1); c = 2197, 2(2) pm, β = 99, 19(1)°, R1 = 0, 0586. 4·2CH2Cl2 enthält wie das früher beschriebene 4·2, 5CH2Cl2, das in der Raumgruppe P1¯ kristallisiert, nahezu idealtetraedrische [BeCl4]2—‐Ionen mit gemittelten Be—Cl‐Abständen von 203, 4 pm.
Density Functional Theory Calculations of the Barrier to Atropisomerism of a Dibenzo[d, f][1, 3, 2]dioxaphosphepin Moiety: a Tool for Rational Ligand Design
Authors: Franke Robert , Borgmann Cornelia , Hess Dieter , Wiese Klaus‐Diether 
Published: December 2003

AbstractDensity functional theory calculations yield reasonable values for the barrier to atropisomerism in a dibenzo[d, f][1, 3, 2]dioxaphosphepin moiety of diphosphite ligands and thus provide an energetic criterion for falsification of hypothetical stable stereoisomers in rational ligand design.
Coordination of Bimuth(III) to Cucurbit[8]uril. Preparation and X‐ray Structure of [{Bi(NO3)(H2O)5}2(Q8)][Bi(NO3)3(H2O)4]2[Bi(NO3)5]2·Q8·19H2O
Authors: Sokolov Maxim N. , Mitkina Tatyana V. , Gerasko Olga A. , Fedin Vladimir P. , Virovets Alexandr V. , Llusar R. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBi(NO3)3 reacts with cucurbit[8]uril, (Q8), in 3M HNO3 to give the title complex whose structure includes three discrete Bi complexes: [{Bi(NO3)(H2O)5}2(Q8)]4+ (CN of Bi = 9, both NO3— and cucurbit[8]uril are bidentate), [Bi(NO3)5]2— (CN of Bi = 10, all NO3— are bidentate), and [Bi(NO3)3(H2O)4] (CN of Bi = 10, all NO3— are bidentate).
Reaktionen des Gallium‐haltigen Heterocyclus [Me2Ga{HNC(Me)}2CCN]
Authors: Iravani Effat , Neumüller Bernhard 
Published: December 2003

AbstractDie Reaktion von [Me2Ga{HNC(Me)}2CCN] (1) mit fac‐[Mo(CO)3(MeCN)3] führt nach Umkristallisieren aus TMEDA zum Mo‐Komplex fac‐[Mo(CO)3(1)(TMEDA)] (2). Unter identischen Reaktionsbedingungen kann mit fac‐[W(CO)3(MeCN)3] nur der Tetracarbonyl‐Komplex [W(CO)4(TMEDA)] (3) isoliert werden. Umsetzungen des dilithiierten 1 mit Me2SiCl2 bzw. InCl3 lösen eine Spaltung des Gerüstes von 1 aus. Gewonnen und charakterisiert werden konnten das Salz [Me2Ga(TMEDA)][Me2GaCl2] (4) bzw. der Indiumkomplex [Me2InCl(TMEDA)] (5). 2—5 wurden mit Hilfe von spektroskopischen und spektrometrischen Methoden als auch durch Röntgenstrukturanalysen beschrieben. Danach besetzt in 2 der Ligand 1 eine der facialen Positionen im Komplex durch Donierung mit dem N‐Atom der NC‐Gruppe in 1. Die Moleküle 2 sind durch ein Netzwerk von Wasserstoffbrücken‐Bindungen verknüpft. In 3 besetzt der Chelatligand TMEDA bei intramolekularer Koordination zwei benachbarte Positionen, so daß cis‐3 resultiert. Im Salz 4 sind sowohl das Kation als auch das Anion verzerrt tetraedrisch umgeben, während in 5 eine verzerrte trigonal‐bipyramidale Koordinationssphäre vorliegt, wobei der Abstand In1‐Cl1 mit 261.74(9) pm deutlich aufgeweitet ist.
Novel Derivatives of the CaIn2 Type of Structure: Yb1+xMg1—xGa4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.058) and YLiGa4
Authors: Fedorchuk A. , Prots Yu. , Schmidt M. , Schnelle W. , Burkhardt U. , Schwarz U. , Grin Yu. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe compounds Yb1+xMg1—xGa4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.058) and YLiGa4 were synthesized by direct reaction of the elements in sealed niobium crucibles. The atomic arrangement of Yb1+xMg1—xGa4 (x = 0.058) represents a new structure type (space group P6¯m2, a = 4.3979(3)Å and c = 6.9671(7)Å) as evidenced by single crystal structure analysis and can be described as an ordered variant of CaIn2. YLiGa4 is isotypic to the ytterbium compound according to X‐ray Guinier powder data (a = 4.3168(1)Å and c = 6.8716(2)Å). Measurements of the magnetic susceptibility of both compounds reveal intrinsic diamagnetic behaviour, i.e., ytterbium in the 4f14 configuration for Yb1+xMg1—xGa4 (x = 0). From electrical resistivity data both compounds can be classified as metals. The compressibility of Yb1+xMg1—xGa4 (x = 0.058) as measured in diamond anvil cells by angle‐dispersive X‐ray diffraction is compatible with a valence change of the ytterbium atoms at high‐pressures and indicates a slight anisotropy which is in accordance with the structural organisation of the gallium network. X‐ray absorption spectra of the Yb LIII edge of Yb1+xMg1—xGa4 (x = 0.058) at pressures up to 25.0 GPa show a two‐peak structure which reveals the presence of Yb in the 4f14 and 4f13 states. The amount of ytterbium in the 4f13 state increases in two steps with progressing compression. The bonding analysis by means of the electron localization function reveals the Zintl‐like character of both compounds and confirms the 4f14 state for the majority of ytterbium atoms.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of CsCu3O2, Containing a New Type of Oxocuprate(I) Polyanion
Authors: Sofin M. , Peters E. M. , Jansen M. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractCsCu3O2 was prepared via the azide route. Stoichiometric mixtures of the precursors (CsN3, Cu2O and CuO) were heated in a special regime up to 450 °C and annealed at this temperature for 50 h in silver crucibles. Single crystals have been grown by subsequent annealing of as prepared powders at 450 °C for 2000 h in silver crucibles, which were sealed in glass ampoules under dried Ar. According to the X‐ray analysis of the crystal structure (P3¯m1, Z = 1, a = 5.250(1), c = 5.442(1)Å, γ = 120°) copper is linearly coordinated by oxygen atoms. The CuO2‐dumb‐bells are connected to an infinite two‐dimensional Cu3O2‐network. CsCu3O2 is isostructural with CsCu3S2, CsAu3S2, CsAu3Se2 and RbAu3Se2.
Heteroleptic Complexes of Zirconium Acetylacetonates: Better Precursors for the Preparation of Zirconia. Structural Characterization of [(acac)2Zr{ONC(Me)py‐2}2]
Authors: Pathak Madhvesh , Bohra Rakesh , Mehrotra Ram C. , Lorenz Ingo‐Peter , Piotrowski Holger 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe reactions of the heteroleptic zirconium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) in benzene solution with two equivalents of oximes, alkoxyalkanols, triphenylsilanol and trimethylsilyl acetate yield products with the formula [{MeC(O)CHC(O)Me}2ZrL2] with L = —ONC(Me)C5H4N‐2, —ONC(Me)C4H3O‐2, —OCH2CH2OR (R = Me, Et, Bun; py = pyridine, fu = furan), —OSiPh3 and —OSiMe3. Most of these derivatives are solids, but the [(acac)2Zr(OSiMe3)2] is a viscous oil. They could be purified either by recrystallization or by vacuum distillation; all of these are monomeric in boiling benzene. Their elemental analyses, molecular weight measurements and IR as well as NMR spectra were measured. The oximato complex [(acac)2Zr{ONC(Me)py‐2}2] has been shown by single crystal X‐ray crystallography to be monoclinic and mononuclear in the solid state, where zirconium has the coordination number 8; all the ligands are situated in cis‐ position and the oximato ligand binds via N and O in a dihapto (η2‐N, O) manner.
Cobalt(II) Complexes with Dicyanamide — from Binuclear Entities to Chains
Authors: Shen Wei‐Zheng , Chen Xiao‐Yan , Cheng Peng , Liao Dai‐Zheng , Yan Shi‐Ping , Jiang Zong‐Hui 
Published: December 2003

AbstractOne binuclear complex [Co(bpm*)2(dca)]2(ClO4)2 (1) and two 1D chain CoII complexes, {[Co(bpm)2(dca)](ClO4)}n (2) and [Co(dmf)2(dca)2]n (3), (bpm*: bis[(3, 5‐dimethyl)pyrazolyl]methane; bpm: bis(pyrazolyl)methane; dca: dicyanamide; dmf: N, N‐dimethyl formamide) have been prepared and structurally characterized. The cobalt atoms are hexa‐coordinated forming a slightly distorted octahedral coordination. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c, a = 9.849(3)Å, b = 21.944(7)Å, c = 13.814(5)Å, β = 94.824(6), Z = 4, R1 = 0.0672, wR2 = 0.1395. 1 is a binuclear complex linked by two dca ligands, and each CoII ion is coordinated by two terminal bpm* ligands. Compound 2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Cmcm, a = 10.377(4)Å, b = 13.594(5)Å, c = 15.999(6)Å, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0609, wR2 = 0.1328. The structure of 2 can be described as a one‐dimensional zigzag chain of CoII ions bridged by one dca ligand. Each CoII ion in the chain is coordinated by two bpm ligands. Compound 3 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2, a = 13.559(15)Å, b = 7.393(8)Å, c = 8.110(9)Å, β = 112.228(15), Z = 2, R1 = 0.0260, wR2 = 0.0760. 3 has a one‐dimensional linear chain of CoII ions bridged by two dca ligands, in which each CoII ion is coordinated with two dmf molecules.
Synthese, Struktur und Eigenschaften der Komplexe [(Me2PhP)3Cl2Re≡N‐IrCl2(C5Me5)], [(Me2PhP)3Cl2Re≡N‐IrCl(COD)], [PPh4][O3Os≡N‐IrCl2(C5Me5)] und [PPh4][O3Os≡N‐IrCl(COD)] mit Nitridobrücken Re≡N‐Ir und Os≡N‐Ir
Authors: Schwarz Simon , Niquet Elke , Santos Saez Abel , Cots Pascual Montserrat , Strähle Joachim 
Published: December 2003

AbstractDie heteronuklearen Zweikernkomplexe [(Me2PhP)3Cl2Re≡N‐IrCl2(C5Me5)] (1), [(Me2PhP)3Cl2Re≡N‐IrCl(COD)] (2), [PPh4][O3Os≡N‐IrCl2(C5Me5)] (3) und [PPh4][O3Os≡N‐IrCl(COD)] (4) entstehen bei der Reaktion der Nitridokomplexe [ReNCl2(PMe2Ph)3] und [OsO3N]— mit den Iridiumverbindungen [IrCl2(C5Me5)]2 und [IrCl(COD)]2 in Benzonitril. 1 kristallisiert in Form roter Kristalle der Zusammensetzung 1·C6H5CN mit der monoklinen Raumgruppe P21/c und a = 1264, 7(2); b = 1945, 3(2); c = 1835, 4(1) pm, β = 90, 35(1)°, Z = 4. Im Zweikernkomplex ist das Komplexfragment [IrCl2(C5Me5)] über eine asymmetrische Nitridobrücke Re≡N‐Ir mit dem Nitridokomplex [ReNCl2(PMe2Ph)3] verknüpft. Die Nitridobrücke ist durch einen Bindungswinkel Re‐N‐Ir von 179, 4(2)° und Abstände Re‐N = 170, 9(4) pm und Ir‐N = 203, 3(4) pm charakterisiert. 2 bildet rotbraune, trikline Kristalle mit der Raumgruppe P1¯ und a = 1076, 6(2); b = 1373, 2(2); c = 1452, 4(1) pm; α = 107, 513(8); β = 101, 843(9); γ = 110, 04(1)°, Z = 2. Die Nitridobrücke zum Komplexfragment [IrCl(COD)] weist einen Bindungswinkel Re‐N‐Ir von 173, 8(4)° und Abstände Re‐N = 170, 4(8) pm und Ir‐N = 196, 2(8) pm auf. 3 kristallisiert als monokline rote Kristalle in der Raumgruppe P21/n und a = 1449, 9(2); b = 906, 74(4); c = 2628, 9(5) pm; β = 103, 50(1)°, Z = 4. Die Nitridobrücke Os≡N‐Ir ist mit einem Bindungswinkel von 165, 0(3)° leicht abgewinkelt. Die Abstände betragen Os‐N = 168, 3(5) pm und Ir‐N = 201, 9(5) pm. 4 ergibt dunkelbraune orthorhombische Kristalle mit der Raumgruppe P212121 und a = 704, 35(2); b = 1228, 17(6); c = 3442, 0(4) pm; Z = 4. Die Abstände in der schwach abgewinkelten Nitridobrücke (Os‐N‐Ir = 161, 8(4)°) betragen Os‐N = 169, 3(7) pm und Ir‐N = 197, 8(7) pm.
Linking obesity and activity level with children's television and video game use
Authors: Vandewater Elizabeth A , Shim Mi‐suk , Caplovitz Allison G 
Published: January 2004

ABSTRACTThis study examined the links between childhood obesity, activity participation and television and video game use in a nationally representative sample of children (N=2831) ages 1–12 using age‐normed body mass index (BMI) ratings. Results indicated that while television use was not related to children's weight status, video game use was. Children with higher weight status played moderate amounts of electronic games, while children with lower weight status played either very little or a lot of electronic games. Interaction analyses revealed that this curvilinear relationship applied to children under age 8 and that girls, but not boys, with higher weight status played more video games. Children ages 9–12 with lower weight status used the computer (non‐game) for moderate amounts of time, while those with higher weight status used the computer either very little or a lot. This was also true for the relationship between print use and weight status for children of all ages. Results also indicated that children with higher weight status spent more time in sedentary activities than those with lower weight status.
Attachment contexts of adolescent friendship and romance
Authors: Miller Judi Beinstein , Hoicowitz Tova 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare memories of attachments to parents, friends, and romantic partners in relation to the maintenance of high school friendships and romantic relationships. College students recorded the length of their friendships and romantic relationships during high school and rated the quality of each. They also rated their memories of attachments to parents, friends, and partners during that time. Parental attachments were the most reliable predictor of friendship outcomes and romantic attachments the most reliable predictor of romantic outcomes, but attachments to parents, friends, and partners each predicted unique variation in maintenance of romantic relationships.