bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Typology of Aggressiveness and National Violence in the Former USSR
Authors:   Abrahamian
Published: November 2003

AbstractWith the beginning of glasnost in the former USSR, ethnic problems that were claimed to have been solved during the Soviet regime quickly developed into open conflicts, revealing different 'cultures of violence'. The analysis of the initial, often symbolic, stage of the conflict is of special interest, since it can better reveal the peculiarities of national patterns of violence in different cultural traditions, these patterns usually becoming indistinguishable soon after the conflict grows into a real war. The article analyses the first nine months of the Armenian - Azerbaijani conflict (February-November 1988), indicating the quite different models of aggressive behaviour of the groups involved in the conflict. It shows how national violence has been shaped by historical and/or mythological patterns (the militant branch of the Armenian national movement of the late 1980s reflecting the fedayi movement of the late 19th century in the Ottoman empire; the Chechen terrorists reflecting the heroes of the North Caucasian Nartian epic). The article also discusses the hidden forms of national violence (the ecological movement in Estonia addressed firstly towards the native Russians; the self-damaging ecological movement in Armenia; pseudo-ecological anti-Armenian rallies in Azerbaijan, etc).
Between Rancour and Cooperation Ethnic Conflict in Slovakia
Authors:   Podoba
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis discussion of ethnic relations within Slovakia concentrates on developments taking place after the collapse of communism. Two situations of ethnic tension are analysed in detail - one involving Slovakia's Ruthenian minority and the other engaging the country's Hungarian inhabitants. In both cases relations with the Slovak majority involve not only processes internal to Slovakia but also dynamics beyond its borders. Despite ethnic tensions within the country conflict is not widespread because there is a relatively high level of democracy and openness to economic change. The lowest levels of ethnic tension are to be found in the most heterogeneous areas of the country and the highest levels are encountered among the intellectual and political elites. Ethnic conflict is largely contained within the different communities which make up Slovakia and when inter-ethnic conflict does arise it is limited, so far, to the level of social and political elites.
Ethnic Conflict within a Fractured Belgian Nation-State The Case of the Trouble in Brussels (May 1991)
Authors:   Martiniello
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis paper analyses clashes which took place between Belgian police and young people mainly from 'immigrant' backgrounds in Brussels during 1991. Four models were developed in the Belgian press for understanding the violence, but a deeper understanding of the public confrontations requires an alternative explanation which places local events in a wider context of power and state. The conflict should more properly be understood as the reaction of a relatively powerless community to its disadvantaged situation. The young people were acting not as victims but as active agents questioning dominant notions and policies concerning 'integration', challenging the ethnic labels applied to them and asserting a desire for citizenship rights. Despite these positive reactions the relationship between minorities and the state has not radically changed and violence could easily break out again as more recent events have demonstrated.
Interpreting Teenage Inter-Ethnic Violence
Authors:   Harris
Published: November 2003

AbstractAn ethnography of a particular locality within London - Euston - provides the basis for an analysis of the complex causes behind conflict between groups from 1991 to 1995. The groups consist of teenage boys drawn from various 'races' of popular discourse and I shall investigate the alliances and antagonisms which these boys believe to be linked to ethnic difference. The key institutional centres for inter-group conflict are the school, youth club and the street and my analysis examines the instances of violence which take place in those contexts principally between Bangladeshis and others. I conclude that the violence described is less important than drug abuse and the long-term effects of unemployment. The major problem concerning inter-ethnic violence are the stereotypical reactions by both local people and outsiders, i.e. the media and anti-racists.
Conflict or Harmony? Poles and Jews in a Small Galician town
Authors:   Lehmann
Published: November 2003

AbstractAn analysis of Polish-Jewish relations which reveals the ambivalent aspects of the relationship and argues that Polish hostility towards the Jews is not inevitable. Even during periods of open conflict mechanisms existed which reduced tension. This argument is developed through a historical account of Polish-Jewish relations in Miasteczko, a village in south-east Poland. Particular attention is paid to economic competition and interdependence as well as the maintenance of ethnic boundaries and relations between Jewish patrons and Polish clients. The dynamics of ethnic conflict are then analysed through a case study of a Jewish girl who became a Roman Catholic during 1928. While the conversion generated considerable ill feeling at the time relations between the two communities were not radically affected. Despite tensions and inequalities between the two communities inter-ethnic relations were shaped by a long-established structure of extensive social and political cooperation between Poles and Jews.
Patterns of Ethnic Violence in a Frankfurt Streetgang
Authors:   Tertilt
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis paper analyses the relationship between ethnic violence and the social position of those belonging to a Turkish street gang in Frankfurt. The relationship is examined through a discussion of the cultural values which inform the gang's thefts of leather jackets worn by young Germans and the explanations provided by the gang members for their aggressive acts. Their violence is a response to the segregation, degradation and humiliation which these young Turks experience as 'foreigners' in Germany. Their rationalisations can be understood as attempts to justify their violence and to ignore the viewpoints of their victims.
Ethnic Rift in the Context of Post-Communist Transformation: The Case of the Slovak Republic
Authors: Brusis  
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe article analyzes ethnic issues in the Slovak Republic by interpreting them in an enlarged framework of policy domains, as one dimension of problems that arise from an uncompleted political transformation. It argues that the uncertainty of language usage can be seen as resulting from a gap in the legal regulation on the usage of minority languages. Conflicts about the funding of minority culture can be interpreted as a deficit in institutionalizing autonomy of cultural activity. The controversy about the relevance of the Slovak language in Hungarian language schools can be traced back to difficulties of creating a post-authoritarian school system and education policy. The territorial redivision and autonomy question may be described as a problem of how to integrate a territorial into an administrative reform connected with differing opinions on the scope of decentralization. These arguments are detailed and buttressed by empirical evidence. Understanding ethnic issues as embedded in transformation problems is seen as a particular interpretation strategy that may support a rapprochement of perspectives.
Immigration, Multiculturalism and National Identity in Canada
Authors: Wayland  
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis article describes historical circumstances and developments that contributed to the formation of Canadian national identity. Specifically, it focuses on the historical importance of immigration to population growth, the evolution of Canadian immigration policy from exclusionist to universalist, relations between anglophones and francophones, the advent of the multiculturalism policy, and how that policy has been both expanded and strengthened in reponse to the changing ethnic and racial composition of Canada's population. Despite pride in the country's support for tolerance and diversity, Canadians continue to be concerned about immigration and national identity. The challenge of promoting national unity in the context of remarkable diversity is faced by many countries, but it is especially daunting for the young, bilingual, and multicultural Canadian State.
Policy Responses to an Ethnic Community Division: Lezgins in Azerbaijan
Authors: McCartney  , Matveeva  
Published: November 2003

AbstractLezgins are one of the peoples on the territory of the Former Soviet Union, living in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Azerbaijan, who have been particularly affected by the dissolution of the USSR and the emergence of the newly independent states. The ways they are being integrated into the new political order of the Republic of Azerbaijan pose challenges and implications for the overall state policies related to the treatment of minorities. Thus, this paper deals with the aspects of state-building regarding minorities and the factors affecting policy-making towards the Lezgin community. It mainly focuses on the situation of the Lezgins in the Republic of Azerbaijan, but also provides references to the position of the Lezgins in Dagestan (Russian Federation) where necessary. The paper assesses the policy environment related to minority issues and outlines the policy options in a multiethnic state, namely modernisation, pluralism and centralism, and argues that the policy dilemma is that in trying to avoid divisive tendencies in the state, each approach may encourage ethnic tensions and conflict. What is required, therefore, is a flexible approach which neither over- nor underestimates ethnic distinctions.
Canada's Two Solitudes: Constitutional and International Law in Reference re Secession of Quebec
Authors: Oliver  
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis article begins by examining two different perspectives on the accommodation of Quebec and the French fact in Canada. The first, exemplified by Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, emphasised equality of the French and English languages across Canada. The second approach, adopted by Trudeau's contemporary René Lévesque, Prime Minister of Quebec, focused on the province of Quebec, and the state of the French language there. The second part of the article recounts the history of Quebec in Canada, emphasising throughout the varied range of legal and political accommodation that has occurred over the years. This section concludes with a brief description of the constitutional falling out between Quebec and Canada which has occurred over the past twenty or so years. The article concludes with a detailed analysis of the recent Supreme Court of Canada decision in Reference re Secession of Quebec. This case is especially important for the way in which it mixes cons iderations of international law and domestic constitutional law. The author concludes by asserting that the survival and strength of the French fact in Canada is dependent upon a strong Quebec; and that a strong Quebec must show corresponding respect and recognition for its own minorities: aboriginal, anglophone and other.
Order and Justice: National Minorities and the Right to Secession
Authors: Castellino  
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe Versailles Treaty sought to protect minorities by giving them their own state. This practice, labelled 'self-determination' has changed guise considerably post World War II. Paramount to the emancipation of colonies, it came to be the concept that legitimated the 'rule of the people' over that of their colonial masters. However post-colonial 'self-determined' states are often manufactured entities forced into the strait-jacket of Westphalian statehood; and unlike the states that emanated from the Westphalian Treaty, were given no time to evolve by themselves. As a result these states often house disparate sets of minorities that go unrepresented within the Statist discourse. Further, these states have attempted to suppress their minorities through the various policies associated with nation-building. Today, with secession an increasingly attainable form of self-determination, the question arises as to whether these minorities have a right to form a separate state. The international law of self-determination suggests that this is a right of all peoples. It however leaves the parameters of this 'peoplehood' undefined. This paper seeks to examine the discourse of minority rights within that of the international right to self determination. It seeks to trace the history of minority rights protection, and to examine the way in which minority rights are protected within current international law. In addition, it examines the parameters of peoplehood and concludes by looking at two cases where disaffected minorities in a post-colonial state sought to form their own state.
Part III: Cases C-120/95 and 158/96, N. Decker v. Caisse de Maladie des Employés Privés and R. Kohll v. Union des Caisses de Maladie; Case C-118/96, J. Safir v. Skattemyndigheten i Dalarnas Län, formerly Skattemyndigheten i Kopparbergs Län; Case C-350/96, Clean Car Autoservice GesmbH v. Landeshauptmann von Wien; Case C-336/96, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Gilly v. Directeur des Services Fiscaux du Bas-Rhin; Case C-85/96, M. Martínez Sala v. Freistaat Bayern; Case C-170/96, Commission of the European Communities v. Council of the European Union; Case C-275/96, A. Kuusijärvi v. Riksförsäkringsverket; Commission of the European Communities v. Kingdom of Belgium
Authors: Minderhoud  
Published: November 2003

AbstractNo Abstract
All the King's Horses…: Probabilities and Possibilities for the Implementation of the New Title IV EC Treaty
Authors: Steenbergen  
Published: November 2003

AbstractAfter the entry into force of the Amsterdam Treaty, the EC Treaty will in Title IV provide the base for the development within a small number of years of EC immigration and asylum law. This is a unique opportunity to model common rules in this field according to two basic principles underlying EC law: respect for the individual and the rule of law.However, EC Member States already adopted a large number of legal instruments relating to immigration and asylum. In this article it is investigated whether the existing acquis is suited to implement the new Title IV EC. Therefore, the acquis will be dealt with in two ways. First, a description will be given of the different ‘sources’ of European immigration and asylum law: the Amsterdam Treaty itself, the pre-Maastricht and Third Pillar acquis, the Schengen acquis and a number of proposals of the European Commission. Then the same legal instruments will be regrouped according to subject and an attempt will be made to sketch the features of existing European law with regard to abolition of internal border control, common external border control, asylum, admission and residence. Here, it will appear what the ambiguity of the past — the desire to control the number of persons coming to Europe through cooperation with other EC Member States but without restriction to sovereign powers — has brought about, or has failed to bring about. Respect for the individual and for the rule of law is no basic principle underlying the existing acquis.This article was concluded in November 1998.
Discretion, Competence and Migration in the European Union
Authors: Guild  
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis article considers the underlying structure of Community law on migration. It examines the fundamental elements of the Community legal order as they apply to immigration and how those elements have been used to regulate the position of third country nationals. It then looks at the inter-governmental approach to immigration and asylum policy which the Member States have pursued and poses some questions about how these two strands of law and policy meet within the new competences of the Community in respect of immigration and asylum.
J.E.D.M. Thielen, Universitas vice personae fungitur, De gemeenschap neemt de plaats van de persoon in: Een verhandeling over het ontstaan van de privaatrechtelijke rechtspersoon en de omgang daarmede in de tijd van zijn ontstaan. Vermande, [Lelystad] 1999. 194 p.
Authors:   Feenstra
Published: November 2003

AbstractNo Abstract
A. Cordes, Spätmittelalterlicher Gesellschaftshandel im Hanseraum. [Quellen und Darstellungen zur Hansischen Geschichte, NF, Band XLV]. Böhlau, Köln – Weimar – Wien 1998. XXXI + 333 blz. (Tevens Habilitationsschrift Universiteit Freiburg i. Breisgau 1997).
Authors:   Kossmann-Putto
Published: November 2003

AbstractNo Abstract
Haarlemmers voor de Grote Raad van Mechelen, 1458–1578, gebaseerd op Algemeen Rijksarchief Brussel fonds Grote Raad en Stadsarchief van Haarlem, verzameld en verzorgd door J.Th. de Smidt en T. Lindijer, [Haerlem-reeks, 14]. Haarlem 1999. 138 p.
Authors:   Wijffels
Published: November 2003

AbstractNo Abstract
B. Ruthmann, Die Religionsprozesse am Reichskammergericht (1555–1648), Eine Analyse anhand ausgewählter Prozesse. [Quellen und Forschungen zur höchsten Gerichtsbarkeit im alten Reich, 28]. Böhlau Verlag, Köln–Weimar–Wien 1996. X + 615 blz.
Authors:   Nève
Published: November 2003

AbstractNo Abstract
St. Capot, Justice et religion en Languedoc au temps de l'édit de Nantes: La Chambre de l'édit de Castres (1579–1679). [Mémoires et documents de l'Ecole des Chartes, 52]. Ecole des Chartes, Paris 1998. 427 p.
Authors:   Thireau
Published: November 2003

AbstractNo Abstract
E. Holthöfer, Beiträge zur Justizgeschichte der Niederlande, Belgiens und Luxemburgs im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. [Veröffentlichungen des Max-Planck-Instituts für Europäische Rechtsgeschichte, Rechtsprechung: Materialien und Studien, 6]. Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 1993. X + 315 S.
Authors:   Moorman van Kappen
Published: November 2003

AbstractNo Abstract
J.-F. Poudret, avec la collaboration de Marie-Ange Valazza Tricarico, Coutumes et Coutumiers: Histoire Comparative des Droits des Pays Romands du XIIIe à la Fin du XVIe siècle, I: Les Sources et les Artisans du Droit, II: Les Personnes
Authors:   Bart
Published: November 2003

AbstractNo Abstract
M. Duynstee, R. Feenstra [et] L. Waelkens, Repertorium Bibliographicum Institutorum et Sodalitatum Iuris Historiae, Iussu Societatis c.n. Association Internationale d'Histoire du Droit et des Institutions, Editio Tertia
Authors:   Helmholz
Published: November 2003

AbstractNo Abstract
F. Bougard, La justice dans le royaume d'Italie de la fin du VIIIe siècle au début du XIe siècle. [Bibliothèque des écoles françaises d'Athènes et de Rome, 291]. Ecole française de Rome, Palais Farnèse, [Rome] 1995. [IV] + 504 p.
Authors: Santini  
Published: November 2003

AbstractNo Abstract
Geoffroy de Vendôme, Oeuvres, éditées et traduites par Geneviève Giordanengo. [Sources d'histoire médiévale publiées par l'Institut de Recherche et d'Histoire des Textes]. Brepols / CNRS Editions, [Turnhout–Paris 1996]. XXXVIII + 599 p.
Authors: Mayali  
Published: November 2003

AbstractNo Abstract
Het Gelderse Land- en Stadsrecht van het Overkwartier van Roermond 1620, opnieuw uitgegeven en van een historische inleiding voorzien door A.M.J.A. Berkvens en G.H.A. Venner m.m.v. G. Spijkerboer (†). [Werken der Stichting tot uitgaaf der bronnen van het oud-vaderlandse recht, 25]. [Stichting tot uitgaaf der bronnen van het oud-vaderlandse recht], Arnhem 1996. LXXIV + 391 p.
Authors:   Moorman van Kappen
Published: November 2003

AbstractNo Abstract
A. Bachmann, Die preußische Sukzession in Neuchâtel, Ein ständisches Verfahren um die Landesherrschaft im Spannungsfeld zwischen Recht und Utilitarismus (1694–1715). [Zürcher Studien zur Rechtsgeschichte, 24]. Schulthess, Zürich [1993]. [VI] + XLI + 467 S.
Authors:   Wolf
Published: November 2003

AbstractNo Abstract
M. Erkens, Die französische Friedensgerichtsbarkeit 1789–1814, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der vier rheinischen Departements. [Rechtsgeschichtliche Schriften des rheinischen Vereins für Rechtsgeschichte e.V. zu Köln, 5]. Böhlau, Köln–Weimar–Wien 1994. XXVIII + 280 S.
Authors:   van Dapperen
Published: November 2003

AbstractNo Abstract
H. Schulte-Nölke, Das Reichsjustizamt und die Entstehung des Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuchs. [Ius commune, Sonderhefte: Studien zur Europäischen Rechtsgeschichte, 71]. Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 1995. XIX + 378 S.
Authors:   Roth
Published: November 2003

AbstractNo Abstract
Handwörterbuch zur Deutschen Rechtsgeschichte, hrsg. von A. Erler, E. Kaufmann und D. Werkmüller, unter philologischer Mitarbeit von Ruth Schmidt-Wiegand. 39. Lieferung: Wormser Reformation – Zunft. Schmidt, [Berlin–Bielefeld–München 1996]. Sp. 1537–1792
Authors:   van Dievoet
Published: November 2003

AbstractNo Abstract
D. Schanbacher, Ratio legis Falcidiae, Die falzidische Rechnung bei Zusammentreffen mehrerer Erbschaften in einer Hand. [Freiburger Rechtsgeschichtliche Abhandlungen, Neue Folge, 22]. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin [1995]. 253 S.
Authors: Wesener  
Published: November 2003

AbstractNo Abstract
L. Burgmann, Marie Theres Fögen, A. Schminck [und] D. Simon, Repertorium der Handschriften des byzantinischen Rechts, Teil I: Die Handschriften des weltlichen Rechts (Nr. 1–327). [Forschungen zur byzantinischen Rechtsgeschichte, 20]. Löwenklau-Gesellschaft e.V., Frankfurt a.M. [1995]. XXX + 466 p.
Authors: Stolte  
Published: November 2003

AbstractNo Abstract
Christel M.O. Verhas, De beginjaren van de Hoge Raad van Holland, Zeeland en West-Friesland, ... tot onderhoudinge van de Politique ordre ende staet der Landen van Hollandt, Zeelandt, Vrieslant ... . [Algemeen Rijksarchief Publikatiereeks, 5]. Algemeen Rijksarchief, Den Haag 1997. 186 + 255 p.
Authors: de Smidt  
Published: November 2003

AbstractNo Abstract
G.E. van Maanen, ' ... om te doen ophouden de menigvuldige twistgedingen ...', Opmerkingen omtrent de historische achtergrond van de onrechtmatige daad. [Ars Aequi Cahiers, Rechtsvergelijking en Rechtsgeschiedenis, 2]. Ars Aequi Libri, Nijmegen 1995 63p. –, De Zutphense juffrouw en de ontrouwe bediende van Lindenbaum. [Ars Aequi Cahiers, Rechtsvergelijking en Rechtsgeschiedenis, 3]. Ars Aequi Libri, Nijmegen 1995. 62 p.
Authors: Winkel  
Published: November 2003

AbstractNo Abstract
Ein frühbyzantinisches Szenario für die Amtswechslung in der Sitonie, Die griechischen Papyri aus Pommersfelden (PPG), mit einem Anhang über die Pommersfeldener Digestenfragmenten und die Überlieferungsgeschichte der Digesten, hrsg. v. A.J.B. Sirks, P.J. Sijpesteijn [und] K.A. Worp. [Münchener Beiträge zur Papyrusforschung und antiken Rechtsgeschichte, 86]. Beck, München 1996. VIII + 166 p., 23 plates
Authors: Stolte  
Published: November 2003

AbstractNo Abstract
The Earliest English Law Reports, vol. I: Common Bench Reports to 1284; vol. II: Common Bench Reports 1285–1289 and Undated Reports 1279–1289, ed. by P.A. Brand. [Publications of the Selden Society, 111–112 (for the years 1995 & 1996)]. Selden Society, London 1996. CLXIII + 2 000 183 + CXXXIX p. + 2 000 p. 185–430
Authors: Sheridan Walker  
Published: November 2003

AbstractNo Abstract
Antonius Matthaeus, On Crimes, A Commentary on Books XLVII and XLVIII of the Digest, edited and translated into English by M.L. Hewett, Volume IV. Juta, [Kenwyn] 1996. XXXV + [2 x] p. 538–692 + p. 693–801
Authors: van de Vrugt  
Published: November 2003

AbstractNo Abstract
K.H.L. Welker, Rechtsgeschichte als Rechtspolitik: Justus Möser als Jurist und Staatsmann. [Osnabrücker Geschichtsquellen und Forschungen, 38]. [Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück], Osnabrück 1996. XL + 1217 p.
Authors: van den Berg  
Published: November 2003

AbstractNo Abstract
Y. Cartuyvels, D'où vient le code pénal? Une approche généalogique des premiers codes pénaux absolutistes au XVIIIe siècle. [Perspectives criminologiques]. Presses de l'Université de Montréal / Presses de l'Université d'Ottawa / De Boeck Université, [Montréal-Ottawa-Paris-Bruxelles 1996]. XX + 404 p.
Authors: Vanderlinden  
Published: November 2003

AbstractNo Abstract