bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hand and Wrist: AntImicrobials and Infection (HAWAII) trial
Authors: Wormald Justin Conrad Rosen , Rodrigues Jeremy , Bheekharry Rinah , Riley Nicholas , Tucker Sarah , Furniss Dominic , Dunlop Rebecca , Jones Robin , Applebe Duncan , Herbert Kate , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Cook Jonathan , Costa Matthew Lee 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Hand trauma, comprising injuries to both the hand and wrist, affects over five million people per year in the NHS, resulting in 250 000 operations each year. Surgical site infection (SSI) following hand trauma surgery leads to significant morbidity. Triclosan-coated sutures may reduce SSI in major abdominal surgery but have never been tested in hand trauma. Feasibility needs to be ascertained before a definitive trial can be delivered in hand trauma.

Methods
A multicentre feasibility RCT of antimicrobial sutures versus standard sutures involving adults undergoing surgery for hand trauma to evaluate feasibility for a definitive trial. Secondary objectives were incidence of SSI in both groups, hand function measured with patient-reported outcome measures, health-related quality of life and change in employment. Randomization was performed on a 1:1 basis, stratified by age of the patient and whether the injury was open or closed, using a secure, centralized, online randomization service. Participants were blinded to allocation.

Results
116 participants were recruited and randomized (60 intervention, 56 control). Of 227 screened, most were eligible (89.5 per cent), and most who were approached agreed to be included in the study (84.7 per cent). Retention was low: 57.5 per cent at 30 days, 52 per cent at 90 days and 45.1 per cent at 6 months. Incidence of SSI was &gt;20 per cent in both groups. Hand function deteriorated after injury but recovered to near pre-injury levels during the study period.

Conclusions
Risk of SSI after hand trauma is high. A definitive RCT of antimicrobial sutures in hand trauma surgery is feasible, if retention is improved.

Trial registration
ISRCTN10771059
Improving communication and patient information recall via a question prompt list: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ey Jesse D , Herath Matheesha B , Reid Jessica L , Bradshaw Emma L , Ting Ying Yang , Treloar Ellie C , Maddern Guy J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Patient–surgeon communication is an important component of the success of a consultation and is known to impact patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a document called a question prompt list, containing suggested questions that a patient may like to ask their doctor, improved communication.

Methods
A prospective RCT was conducted from October 2021 to October 2022 at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia. Patients 16 years or older, seeing a general surgeon for a pre-surgical consultation, not requiring a translator, were randomized to receive a question prompt list (intervention) or standard care without a question prompt list (control). The primary outcomes were number of questions asked, talk time, and mutual eye gaze. Secondary outcomes were patient recall of information, anxiety, and consultation duration. Randomization was achieved using a computer program, with allocation concealment by opaque sequentially numbered envelopes. Patients were blinded to study group; surgeons were aware of study group, but blinded to outcomes.

Results
Patients (59) were randomly allocated to receive the question prompt list (31) or to the control group (28). A patient from the intervention group withdrew before consultation, resulting in 58 patients being included in the analysis. In the question prompt list consultations, 24 per cent more questions were asked (incidence rate ratio = 1.25, 95 per cent c.i. 1.10 to 1.42; P = 0.001). The intervention group recalled 9 per cent more items than the control group (incidence rate ratio = 1.09, 95 per cent c.i. 1.02 to 1.17; P = 0.012). The control group were 26 per cent less likely to correctly recall information about surgical treatment (OR = 0.26, 95 per cent c.i. 0.10 to 0.68; P = 0.006). No statistically significant differences between study arms for talk time, mutual eye gaze, anxiety, or consultation duration were demonstrated.

Conclusion
The question prompt list was associated with increased question asking and greater patient recall of medical information. It did not increase patient anxiety or consultation duration.

Registration number
ACTRN12623000089639 (http://www.ANZCTR.org.au).
While Prosopanche (Hydnoraceae) flowers gently heat: mutualistic pollination relationships among the perianth-bearing Piperales
Authors: Rocamundi Nicolás , Arce Miller Marina , Maubecin Constanza C , Martel Carlos , Moré Marcela , Marvaldi Adriana , Cocucci Andrea A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Flowers of most Piperales do not reward pollinators. However, a few mutualistic pollination relationships have been proposed among the perianth-bearing species. To test the hypothesis of a mutualistic relationship between Prosopanche and beetle pollinators, we studied the pollination biology of three species (P. americana, P. bonacinae, P. panguanensis). For all three species, we recorded flower visitors and flower volatile organic compounds (VOCSs). In addition, for P. americana we investigated flower phases, thermogenesis, visitors’ behaviour, and viability of transported pollen. Using a behavioural experiment, we identified the role of flower heat and fragrance in pollinator attraction. We recorded Neopocadius nitiduloides and Lasiodactylus sp. sap beetles (Nitidulidae) as main pollinators and Hydnorobius hydnorae and H. helleri weevils (Belidae) as occasional pollinators. Thermogenic female flowers heat up to 8°C above the ambient temperature. Flowers only trap the small-sized sap beetles. Methyl-3-methyl-2-butenoate dominated the VOC profile. This was a powerful attractant for sap beetles in controlled bioassays. We conclude that pollination in Prosopanche is mutualistic. This was observed through a pollinator-size-based access limit to the stigmatic chamber and a strong olfactory attractant. Mutualism in Prosopanche therefore contrasts with that of most perianth-bearing Piperales, suggesting it is a novel pollination relationship in early-diverging angiosperms.
Genetic landscape of congenital insensitivity to pain and hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies
Authors: Lischka Annette , Eggermann Katja , Record Christopher J , Dohrn Maike F , Laššuthová Petra , Kraft Florian , Begemann Matthias , Dey Daniela , Eggermann Thomas , Beijer Danique , Šoukalová Jana , Laura Matilde , Rossor Alexander M , Mazanec Radim , Van Lent Jonas , Tomaselli Pedro J , Ungelenk Martin , Debus Karlien Y , Feely Shawna M E , Gläser Dieter , Jagadeesh Sujatha , Martin Madelena , Govindaraj Geeta M , Singhi Pratibha , Baineni Revanth , Biswal Niranjan , Ibarra-Ramírez Marisol , Bonduelle Maryse , Gess Burkhard , Romero Sánchez Juan , Suthar Renu , Udani Vrajesh , Nalini Atchayaram , Unnikrishnan Gopikrishnan , Marques Wilson , Mercier Sandra , Procaccio Vincent , Bris Céline , Suresh Beena , Reddy Vaishnavi , Skorupinska Mariola , Bonello-Palot Nathalie , Mochel Fanny , Dahl Georg , Sasidharan Karthika , Devassikutty Fiji M , Nampoothiri Sheela , Rodovalho Doriqui Maria J , Müller-Felber Wolfgang , Vill Katharina , Haack Tobias B , Dufke Andreas , Abele Michael , Stucka Rolf , Siddiqi Saima , Ullah Noor , Spranger Stephanie , Chiabrando Deborah , Bolgül Behiye S , Parman Yesim , Seeman Pavel , Lampert Angelika , Schulz Jörg B , Wood John N , Cox James J , Auer-Grumbach Michaela , Timmerman Vincent , de Winter Jonathan , Themistocleous Andreas C , Shy Michael , Bennett David L , Baets Jonathan , Hübner Christian A , Leipold Enrico , Züchner Stephan , Elbracht Miriam , Çakar Arman , Senderek Jan , Hornemann Thorsten , Woods C Geoffrey , Reilly Mary M , Kurth Ingo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP) and hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSAN) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders exclusively or predominantly affecting the sensory and autonomic neurons. Due to the rarity of the diseases and findings based mainly on single case reports or small case series, knowledge about these disorders is limited.
Here, we describe the molecular workup of a large international cohort of CIP/HSAN patients including patients from normally under-represented countries. We identify 80 previously unreported pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in a total of 73 families in the &gt;20 known CIP/HSAN-associated genes. The data expand the spectrum of disease-relevant alterations in CIP/HSAN, including novel variants in previously rarely recognized entities such as ATL3-, FLVCR1- and NGF-associated neuropathies and previously under-recognized mutation types such as larger deletions. In silico predictions, heterologous expression studies, segregation analyses and metabolic tests helped to overcome limitations of current variant classification schemes that often fail to categorize a variant as disease-related or benign.
The study sheds light on the genetic causes and disease-relevant changes within individual genes in CIP/HSAN. This is becoming increasingly important with emerging clinical trials investigating subtype or gene-specific treatment strategies.
Lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma in patients younger than 50 years: a multicentre international clinical–dermoscopic study
Authors: Longo Caterina , Sticchi Alberto , Curti Alex , Kaleci Shaniko , Moscarella Elvira , Argenziano Giuseppe , Thomas Luc , Guitera Pascale , Huang Chen , Tiodorovic Danica , Apalla Zoe , Peris Ketty , del Regno Laura , Guida Stefania , Lallas Aimilios , Kittler Harald , Pellacani Giovanni , Navarrete-Dechent Cristian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Lentigo maligna/lentigo maligna melanoma (LM/LMM) is usually diagnosed in older patients, when lesions are larger. However, it is important to detect it at an earlier stage to minimize the area for surgical procedure.

Objectives
To determine and define clinical, dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) features of LM/LMM in patients &lt; 50 years old.

Methods
This was a multicentre study involving tertiary referral centres for skin cancer management. The study included cases of consecutively excised LM/LMM arising in patients &lt; 50 years of age with a histopathological diagnosis of LM/LMM and a complete set of clinical and dermoscopic images; RCM images were considered when present.

Results
In total, 85 LM/LMM of the face from 85 patients &lt; 50 years were included in the study. A regression model showed a direct association with the size of the lesion (R2 = 0.08; P = 0.01) and with the number of dermoscopic features at diagnosis (R2 = 0.12; P &lt; 0.01). In a multivariable analysis, an increasing number of dermoscopic features correlated with increased patient age (P &lt; 0.01), while the presence of grey colour was a predictor of younger age at diagnosis (P = 0.03). RCM revealed the presence of melanoma diagnostic features in all cases (pagetoid cells and atypical nesting).

Conclusions
LM is not a disease limited to older people as previously thought. LM presenting in young adults tends to be smaller and with fewer dermoscopic features, making its diagnosis challenging. Careful evaluation of facial pigmented lesions prior to cosmetic procedures is imperative to avoid incorrectly treating early LM as a benign lesion.
Wavelet transform-based frequency self-adaptive model for functional brain network
Authors: Ding Yupan , Xu Xiaowen , Peng Liling , Zhang Lei , Li Weikai , Cao Wenming , Gao Xin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The accurate estimation of functional brain networks is essential for comprehending the intricate relationships between different brain regions. Conventional methods such as Pearson Correlation and Sparse Representation often fail to uncover concealed information within diverse frequency bands. To address this limitation, we introduce a novel frequency-adaptive model based on wavelet transform, enabling selective capture of highly correlated frequency band sequences. Our approach involves decomposing the original time-domain signal from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging into distinct frequency domains, thus constructing an adjacency matrix that offers enhanced separation of features across brain regions. Comparative analysis demonstrates the superior performance of our proposed model over conventional techniques, showcasing improved clarity and distinctiveness. Notably, we achieved the highest accuracy rate of 89.01% using Sparse Representation based on Wavelet Transform, outperforming Pearson Correlation based on Wavelet Transform with an accuracy of 81.32%. Importantly, our method optimizes raw data without significantly altering feature topology, rendering it adaptable to various functional brain network estimation approaches. Overall, this innovation holds the potential to advance the understanding of brain function and furnish more accurate samples for future research and clinical applications.
The New Normal: Delayed Peak SARS-CoV-2 Viral Loads Relative to Symptom Onset and Implications for COVID-19 Testing Programs
Authors: Frediani Jennifer K , Parsons Richard , McLendon Kaleb B , Westbrook Adrianna L , Lam Wilbur , Martin Greg , Pollock Nira R 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, peak viral loads coincided with symptom onset. We hypothesized that in a highly immune population, symptom onset might occur earlier in infection, coinciding with lower viral loads.

Methods
We assessed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A viral loads relative to symptom duration in symptomatic adults (≥16 years) presenting for testing in Georgia (4/2022–4/2023; Omicron variant predominant). Participants provided symptom duration and recent testing history. Nasal swabs were tested by Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2/Flu/RSV assay and cycle threshold (Ct) values recorded. Nucleoprotein concentrations in SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive samples were measured by single molecule array. To estimate hypothetical antigen rapid diagnostic test (Ag RDT) sensitivity on each day after symptom onset, percentages of individuals with Ct value ≤30 or ≤25 were calculated.

Results
Of 348 newly-diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive individuals (65.5% women, median 39.2 years), 317/348 (91.1%) had a history of vaccination, natural infection, or both. By both Ct value and antigen concentration measurements, median viral loads rose from the day of symptom onset and peaked on the fourth/fifth day. Ag RDT sensitivity estimates were 30.0%–60.0% on the first day, 59.2%–74.8% on the third day, and 80.0%–93.3% on the fourth day of symptoms.
In 74 influenza A PCR-positive individuals (55.4% women; median 35.0 years), median influenza viral loads peaked on the second day of symptoms.

Conclusions
In a highly immune adult population, median SARS-CoV-2 viral loads peaked around the fourth day of symptoms. Influenza A viral loads peaked soon after symptom onset. These findings have implications for ongoing use of Ag RDTs for COVID-19 and influenza.
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Among Women with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Taking Isoniazid Preventive Therapy During the First Trimester
Authors: Gupta Amita , Hughes Michael D , Cruz Jorge Leon , Avihingsanon Anchalee , Mwelase Noluthando , Severe Patrice , Omoz-Oarhe Ayotunde , Masheto Gaerolwe , Moran Laura , Benson Constance A , Chaisson Richard E , Swindells Susan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is recommended for tuberculosis prevention yet data on the safety of first-trimester pregnancy exposure are limited.

Methods
Planned secondary analysis in a TB prevention trial of adverse pregnancy outcomes among participants assigned to 9-month IPT who became pregnant during (IPT-exposed) or after (unexposed) IPT. Regression models compared binary outcomes of a composite adverse outcome (any non-live birth, excluding induced abortion); preterm delivery &lt;37 weeks; and low birth weight &lt;2500 g) among exposure groups. Models were adjusted for latent TB infection, maternal age, CD4 count, and antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Results
In total, 128 participants had a known pregnancy outcome; 39 IPT-exposed and 89 unexposed. At pregnancy outcome, ART use was lower in IPT-exposed (79%) than unexposed women (98%). Overall, 29 pregnancies ended in a composite adverse outcome (25 spontaneous abortions, 2 stillbirths and 2 ectopic pregnancies), 15 preterm deliveries, and 10 infants with low birth weight. IPT was associated with the composite adverse outcome adjusting for covariates at enrollment (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.98; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15, 3.41), but the effect was attenuated when adjusted for covariates at pregnancy outcome (aRR 1.47; 95% CI .84, 2.55); IPT was not associated with preterm delivery (relative risk [RR] 0.87; 95% CI .32–2.42) or low birth weight (RR 1.01; 95% CI .29, 3.56).

Conclusions
First-trimester IPT exposure was associated with nearly two-fold increased risk of fetal demise, mostly spontaneous abortion, though the association was attenuated when adjusted for covariates proximal to pregnancy outcome including ART use. Further study is needed to inform TB prevention guidelines.
Estimating Post-treatment Recurrence After Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment Among Patients With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The Impact of Assumptions About Death and Missing Follow-up
Authors: Sauer Sara M , Mitnick Carole D , Khan Uzma , Hewison Catherine , Bastard Mathieu , Holtzman David , Law Stephanie , Khan Munira , Padayachee Shrivani , Ahmed Saman , Isani Afshan K , Krisnanda Aga , Vilbrun Stalz Charles , Bektasov Sagit , Kumsa Andargachew , Docteur Wisney , Tintaya Karen , McNicol Mark , Atshemyan Hakob , Voynilo Tatiana , Thwe Thin Thin , Seung Kwonjune , Rich Michael , Huerga Helena , Khan Palwasha , Franke Molly 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Quantification of recurrence risk following successful treatment is crucial to evaluating regimens for multidrug- or rifampicin-resistant (MDR/RR) tuberculosis (TB). However, such analyses are complicated when some patients die or become lost during post-treatment follow-up.

Methods
We analyzed data on 1991 patients who successfully completed a longer MDR/RR-TB regimen containing bedaquiline and/or delamanid between 2015 and 2018 in 16 countries. Using 5 approaches for handling post-treatment deaths, we estimated 6-month post-treatment TB recurrence risk overall and by HIV status. We used inverse-probability weighting to account for patients with missing follow-up and investigated the impact of potential bias from excluding these patients without applying inverse-probability weights.

Results
The estimated TB recurrence risk was 7.4/1000 (95% credible interval: 3.3–12.8) when deaths were handled as non-recurrences and 7.6/1000 (3.3–13.0) when deaths were censored and inverse-probability weights were applied to account for the excluded deaths. The estimated risks of composite recurrence outcomes were 25.5 (15.3–38.1), 11.7 (6.4–18.2), and 8.6 (4.1–14.4) per 1000 for recurrence or (1) any death, (2) death with unknown or TB-related cause, or (3) TB-related death, respectively. Corresponding relative risks for HIV status varied in direction and magnitude. Exclusion of patients with missing follow-up without inverse-probability weighting had a small impact on estimates.

Conclusions
The estimated 6-month TB recurrence risk was low, and the association with HIV status was inconclusive due to few recurrence events. Estimation of post-treatment recurrence will be enhanced by explicit assumptions about deaths and appropriate adjustment for missing follow-up data.
Valuation and emotion according to John Dewey
Authors: Petit Emmanuel , Ballet Jérôme 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The role of morals, ethics and values in economics is a much-discussed topic. The purpose of this article is to review the pragmatist philosopher John Dewey’s contribution to this debate. He particularly points out the importance of emotion. Indeed, emotion has remained a blind spot in the author’s thinking on values, given the extent to which the debate on rationality and value has taken precedence. We begin by showing the contiguity of the notions of valuation and emotion in the author’s thinking. We then discuss the role of emotion in the conduct of moral inquiry by situating his thinking in relation to emotivism, before more specifically addressing the role of emotion in Dewey’s thinking. Finally, we discuss how Dewey’s thinking can contribute to the debate on values and valuation in economics.
The Vienna Prediction Model for identifying patients at low risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kyrle Paul A , Eischer Lisbeth , Šinkovec Hana , Gressenberger Paul , Gary Thomas , Brodmann Marianne , Heinze Georg , Eichinger Sabine 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE) have a high recurrence risk, and guidelines suggest extended-phase anticoagulation. Many patients never experience recurrence but are exposed to bleeding. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the Vienna Prediction Model (VPM) and to evaluate if the VPM accurately identifies these patients.

Methods
In patients with unprovoked VTE, the VPM was performed 3 weeks after anticoagulation withdrawal. Those with a predicted 1-year recurrence risk of ≤5.5% were prospectively followed. Study endpoint was recurrent VTE over 2 years.

Results
A total of 818 patients received anticoagulation for a median of 3.9 months. 520 patients (65%) had a predicted annual recurrence risk of ≤5.5%. During a median time of 23.9 months, 52 patients had non-fatal recurrence. The recurrence risk was 5.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.2–7.2] at 1 year and 11.2% (95% CI 8.3–14) at 2 years. Model calibration was adequate after 1 year. The VPM underestimated the recurrence risk of patients with a 2-year recurrence rate of &gt;5%. In a post-hoc analysis, the VPM’s baseline hazard was recalibrated. Bootstrap validation confirmed an ideal ratio of observed and expected recurrence events. The recurrence risk was highest in men with proximal deep-vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism and lower in women regardless of the site of incident VTE.

Conclusions
In this prospective evaluation of the performance of the VPM, the 1-year rate of recurrence in patients with unprovoked VTE was 5.2%. Recalibration improved identification of patients at low recurrence risk and stratification into distinct low-risk categories.