bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of the influence of infrared radiation heating on the adsorption of methane by coal seams
Authors: Wang Yapeng , Zhang Yongli , Yang Xinle 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper, to obtain the mechanism of the effect of infrared radiation heating on the adsorption of methane by coal, experiments were combined with derivations, calculations of theoretical derivation、calculation of thermodynamic parameters and observations of microstructure, to provide a reference for infrared radiation heating increased coalbed methane production technology, to provide a reference for the application of infrared radiation heating to increase production of coalbed methane(CBM).Based on adsorption experiments, the variation in the saturation adsorption amount a and adsorption equilibrium constant b in the Langmuir equation were investigated, and the value of b was supplemented by a theoretical derivation. The results showed that (1) The amount of methane gas adsorbed by coal increased with increasing equilibrium pressure and decreased with increasing power of the infrared radiation source during infrared radiation heating. (2) The adsorption equilibrium constant b is exponentially related to the power of the infrared radiation emitting device. As the IR radiation power increased, the b value decreased, and the adsorption capacity of coal decreased. (3) The standard Gibbs free energy of two coal samples during the adsorption process was ΔG0<0, which indicated that all the adsorption processes were spontaneous. The values of the standard enthalpy change of adsorption ΔH0 were − 32.432 kJ/mol and − 29.614 kJ/mol, which indicated that the adsorption of methane in the coal seam was physical. The standard adsorption entropy changes ΔS0 were − 0.078 kJ/mol and − 0.069 kJ/mol, respectively, meaning that the adsorption process system decreased the entropy. Both ΔH0 and ΔS0 were less than 0, which showed that the absorption of methane gas on coal was spontaneous at low temperature. The magnitude of the value of the equivalent heat of adsorption qst was positively correlated with the amount of methane adsorbed, i.e., the adsorption of methane gas by coal samples was a continuous exothermic process.
Research on Inverse Dynamics modeling of Soft Manipulator
Authors: Geng Peng , He Yanlin , Yang Yi , Han Fei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In recent years, soft manipulators have attracted much attention in the field of robotics research due to their dexterity and good environmental adaptability. However, accurately modeling of soft manipulators remains a difficult task due to the uncertainties in their dynamics. Therefore, this paper proposed an method to accurately model the inverse dynamics of a soft manipulator. A BP neural network model was used to establish the inverse dynamics model of the soft manipulator, and then the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was employed to optimize the initial weights and biases of the BP neural network, and finally the correspondence between the end position of the soft manipulator and the input air pressure was established. In addition, load weights were introduced as one of the network inputs to enhance the control accuracy of the soft manipulator when it carries a load. By trajectory tracking experiments with and without load, the method was proved to achieve an average end position error of 0.839 mm with a relative error of 0.98%. When carrying loads its average end error is 1.800 mm with a relative error of 2.12%. The results demonstrated that the proposed optimized method can effectively improve the accuracy of the soft manipulator under both no-load and load conditions.
Efficacy and safety of single-dose artesunate plus sulfalene/pyrimethamine combined with praziquantel for the treatment of children with Schistosoma mansoni or Schistosoma haematobium in western Kenya: a randomised, open-label controlled trial
Authors: Obonyo Charles O. , Rawago Fredrick O. , Makworo Nicholas K. , Muok Erick M. O. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Reliance on praziquantel for treatment and control of schistosomiasis is likely to facilitate the emergence of drug resistance. Combination therapy targeting adult and juvenile schistosome worms is urgently needed to improve praziquantel efficacy and delay the development of drug resistance. We assessed the efficacy and safety of single-dose praziquantel combined with single-dose artesunate plus sulfalene-pyrimethamine in the treatment of Kenyan children with schistosomiasis.
Methods
This was an open-label, randomized clinical trial with 426 school-age children (7–15 years old) diagnosed with S. mansoni (by Kato-Katz) or S. haematobium (by urine filtration). They were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive a single dose of praziquantel (40 mg/kg) or a single dose of artesunate plus sulfalene-pyrimethamine (12 mg/kg artesunate) or combination therapy using a single dose of praziquantel (40 mg/kg) combined with a single dose of artesunate plus sulfalene-pyrimethamine (12 mg/kg artesunate). The primary outcome was cure and egg reduction rates at six weeks post-treatment in the available case population. Adverse events were assessed within 3 hours after treatment.
Results
Of the 426 children enrolled, 135 received praziquantel, 150 received artesunate plus sulfalene-pyrimethamine, and 141 received combination therapy. Outcome data was available for 398 children. For S. mansoni-infected children (n = 335), the cure rates were 75.6%, 60.7%, and 77.8%, and egg reduction rates were 80.1%, 85.0%, and 88.4% for praziquantel, artesunate plus sulfalene-pyrimethamine, and combination therapy, respectively. For S. haematobium-infected children (n = 145), the corresponding cure rates were 81.4%, 71.1%, and 82.2%; egg reduction rates were 95.6%, 97.1%, and 97.7%. 71 (16.7%) children reported mild-intensity adverse events. No serious adverse events were reported. Combination therapy was associated with a significantly higher proportion of adverse events.
Conclusion
A single oral dose of praziquantel combined with artesunate plus sulfalene-pyrimethamine cured a high proportion of children with S. haematobium but did not improve the treatment efficacy for either urinary or intestinal schistosomiasis. Sequential administration of praziquantel and the artesunate plus sulfalene-pyrimethamine may enhance the efficacy and safety outcomes.
Clinical Trial Registration:
Pan-African Clinical Trials Registry, PACTR202211501227743
Physico-chemical properties of sunflower oil Pickering emulsions stabilized by cellulose nanocrystals-chitosan complex
Authors: Mikhaylov Vasily , Torlopov Mikhail , Vaseneva Irina , Martakov Ilia , Legki Philipp , Paderin Nikita , Sitnikov Petr A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study we investigated the use of a polyelectrolyte complex formed by cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and chitosan (Chit) as a stabilizing agent for Pickering emulsions. We demonstrated that chitosan reduces surface charge of CNC, resulting in polyelectrolyte complexes that efficiently stabilize emulsions. Emulsification processes reveal that a slight change in chitosan concentration can recharge surface of CNC. An optimal stabilizing complex containing 1% chitosan gives emulsions with minimal zeta potential, droplet size, creaming index values, along with high stability during storage, change in pH, and application of high centrifugal forces. The study also shows that the maximum neutralized surface charge of the CNC in the CNC-Chit complex allows for effective adsorption on the surface of sunflower oil droplets, producing a denser stabilizing layer with smaller droplet size. Also, chitosan addition is linked to improved stability and higher viscosity, with little dependence on ionic strength and temperature. Potentiometric titration allowed to reveal that five-time less chitosan is needed to neutralize surface charge of acetylated CNC compared to sulfated CNC. It is established that the CNC-Chit ratio eliminates background electrolyte ion participation in neutralizing surface charge, resulting in the absence of characteristic pKa values of the initial components. Wettability on a hydrophilic surface depends on the surface charge of the complex, enhancing wettability and adhesion performance with increased chitosan content. Also, we showed that tuning of stabilizer composition can change bioaccessability of lipophilic compounds during oral administration.
Mastoparan-7 adjuvanted COBRA (H1/H3) Hemagglutinin Influenza Vaccines
Authors: Sanchez Pedro L. , Staats Herman F. , Abraham Soman N. , Ross Ted M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Adjuvants enhance, prolong, and modulate immune responses by vaccine antigens to maximize protective immunity and enable more effective immunization in the young and elderly. Most adjuvants are formulated with injectable vaccines. However, an intranasal route of vaccination may induce mucosal and systemic immune responses for enhancing protective immunity in individuals and be easier to administer compared to injectable vaccines. In this study, a next generation of broadly-reactive influenza hemagglutinin (HA) vaccines were developed using the Computationally Optimized Broadly Reactive Antigen (COBRA) methodology. These HA vaccines were formulated with Mastoparan 7 (M7-NH2) mast cell degranulating peptides as an adjuvant and administered intranasally to determine the protective effectiveness against a panel of influenza viruses and protection following influenza infection in mice. Mice vaccinated intranasally with M7-NH2-adjuvanted COBRA HA vaccines had high HAIs against a panel of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses and were protected against both morbidity and mortality, with reduced viral lung titers, following challenge with an H1N1 influenza virus. Additionally, M7-NH2 adjuvanted COBRA HA vaccines induced Th2 skewed immune responses with robust IgG and isotype antibodies in the serum and mucosal lung lavages. Overall, this intranasal COBRA HA M7-NH2 vaccine provides effective protection against drifted H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses.
Influence of 2-week auricular transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on memory: findings from a randomized trial in community-dwelling adults
Authors: Cibulcova Veronika , Koenig Julian , Jackowska Marta , Jandackova Vera Kr 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Memory plays an essential role in daily life and is one of the first functions to deteriorate in cognitive impairment and dementia. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) is a promising therapeutic method, however its ability to enhance memory is underexplored, especially considering long-term stimulation. We aimed to investigate the effect of a 2-week course of auricular tVNS (atVNS) on memory in apparently healthy adults.
Methods
In the single-blind randomized placebo-waitlist control trial 76 participants (men = 30; mean age = 48.32) were recruited and randomized into four groups: EARLY ACTIVE or SHAM atVNS and LATE ACTIVE or SHAM atVNS. Participation in the study lasted 4 weeks where EARLY groups underwent 2 weeks intervention immediately following the first study site visit (days 0 to 13) and LATE groups 2 weeks after the first study site visit (days 14 to 27). ACTIVE and SHAM atVNS included 2 weeks of daily 4 hours of neurostimulation at the tragus or earlobe, respectively. To assess memory, we used the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test.
Results
Two weeks of ACTIVE atVNS, but not SHAM atVNS improved immediate recall and short-term memory score both in EARLY and LATE groups. Furthermore, the improvements persisted over subsequent follow-up in EARLY ACTIVE atVNS. Importantly, the effect of ACTIVE atVNS was superior to SHAM for immediate recall in both EARLY and LATE groups. There were no significant changes in delayed recall.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that atVNS improves memory, particularly immediate recall and may be an effective method in preventing memory loss and mitigating cognitive aging.
Another Mechanism for Gait Generation: Mechanical Stabilization Can Spontaneously Realize Walking in a Two-Legged Robot
Authors: Ikemoto Yusuke , Ito Kai , Sato Keita 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Animals exhibit a variety of gait patterns that vary with locomotor speed and energy efficiency. Although a variety of gait patterns have been studied, the mechanism of gait generation has remained vague. In this study, we performed ground reaction force equalization for stable locomotion by developing a one-input, two-output biped robot with a differential gear. The developed robot can tolerate angular velocity differences and equalize the torque transmitted to the legs. To investigate the possibility of gait generation based on ground reaction force equalization, hardware experiments and mathematical analysis were conducted using a nonlinear system. The robot experiments and theoretical analysis show that the robot can spontaneously generate gait patterns by equalizing the ground reaction force.
Application of imaging detection based on spatial optical characteristics in motion attitude recognition
Authors: Lv Jing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Space optical imaging technology has a wide range of applications in motion attitude recognition, but due to changes in optical characteristics during motion, the accuracy and efficiency of imaging detection still face challenges. This article proposes a new imaging detection method based on spatial optical characteristics to improve the accuracy and efficiency of motion pose recognition. Firstly, a detailed analysis was conducted on the changes in optical characteristics of moving objects. Based on the research on the changes in optical characteristics, an imaging detection algorithm based on spatial optical characteristics was designed. This algorithm utilizes image processing and pattern recognition techniques to extract key features from the imaging process. Subsequently, feature extraction techniques are used to extract key features related to motion posture from the preprocessed images. Using pose matching algorithms, based on known pose feature models and extracted key features, the pose of a moving object is determined by calculating similarity. Compared with traditional methods, this method exhibits better performance in accuracy and efficiency, and can accurately recognize the posture of moving objects in complex motion scenes, providing technical support for research and application in the field of motion posture recognition.
Post-COVID 19 Pandemic Evolution of Suicide Ideation and Self-harm Behaviour Rates among Children and Adolescents Attending an Accident and Emergency Department
Authors: Maciá-Casas Ana , Iglesia-Larrad Javier de la , García-Ullán LLanyra , Refoyo-Matellán Belén , Munaiz-Cossío Clara , Díaz-Trejo Sara , Berdión-Marcos Vanesa , Calama-Martín Julia , Roncero Carlos , Pérez Jesús 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Lockdowns and other health protective measures, such as social distancing, imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic nurtured unprecedented levels of stress and social isolation around the world. This scenario triggered an increase of suicidal thoughts and self-harm behaviours among children and young people. However, the longer-term impact of the pandemic on the children´s and adolescents´ mental health, especially with regards to self-harm, is still to be fully discovered.
Methods
We carried out a retrospective study where we collected data related to suicidal ideation and self-harm behaviours in all patients aged under-18 that required on call psychiatric services at the Accidents and Emergency (A&E) department in Salamanca, Spain, during 2019 (pre-pandemic) and in both 2021 and 2022, to capture possible variation at different time points during the post-pandemic period.
Results
A total of 316 patients under-18 were seen by on call psychiatric services at the A&E department during the three time periods: 78 in 2019, 98 in 2021 and 140 in 2022. The mean age was 15.12 (SD 2.25) and females represented more than twice the number of males each year. More than half of all patients assessed during 2022 disclosed suicidal thoughts, whilst in 2019 was near 25%. This increase in suicide ideation rates was more marked among females (p=0.001), those aged over-15 (p<0.001), and/or with previous history of mental health problems (p<0.001). We identified an increase in the proportion of males with suicidal ideas, especially between 2021 and 2022 (p=0.015).
Conclusions
Our study suggests that post-COVID 19 pandemic young people under-18 demand for psychiatric urgent care and the rates of these presentations in A&E departments with suicidal thoughts and/or self-injuries are not declining but increasing with the passage of time. More research is warranted to understand possible factors involved in this sustained trend.
Imbalanced Spectral Data Analysis using Data Augmentation based on the Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Chung Jihoon , Zhang Junru , Saimon Amirul Islam , Liu Yang , Johnson Blake N. , Kong Zhenyu James 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Spectroscopic techniques generate one-dimensional spectra with distinct peaks and specific widths in the frequency domain. These features act as unique identities for material characteristics. Deep neural networks (DNNs) has recently been considered a powerful tool for automatically categorizing experimental spectra data by supervised classification to evaluate material characteristics. However, most existing work assumes balanced spectral data among various classes in the training data, contrary to actual experiments, where the spectral data is usually imbalanced. The imbalanced training data deteriorates the supervised classification performance, hindering understanding of the phase behavior, specifically, sol-gel transition (gelation) of soft materials and glycomaterials. To address this issue, this paper applies a novel data augmentation method based on a generative adversarial network (GAN) proposed by the authors in their prior work. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the actual imbalanced spectral data from Pluronic F-127 hydrogel and Alpha-Cyclodextrin hydrogel are used to classify the phases of data. Specifically, our approach improves 7%, 5%, and 5% of the performance of the existing data augmentation methods regarding the classifier’s F-score, Precision, and Recall on average, respectively. Specifically, our method consists of three DNNs: the generator, discriminator, and classifier. The method generates samples that are not only authentic but emphasize the differentiation between material characteristics to provide balanced training data, improving the classification results. Based on these validated results, we expect the method’s broader applications in addressing imbalanced measurement data across diverse domains in materials science and chemical engineering.
Synergistic plasticizing effect of bio-based isosorbide di-epoxidized oleate on poly (vinyl chloride) resins
Authors: Huang Wenyan , Nan Hui , Ma Jianzhe , Dong Kuiyun , Zhong Heyan , Zhang Jingjing , Wu Jian , Xue Caihong , Xu Shiai , Liu Guangxi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The strategic importance of developing environmentally friendly PVC biomass plasticizers with excellent anti-migration and plasticizing effects cannot be overstated. This paper delves into the synthesis and application of bio-based isosorbide di-epoxidized oleate (IDEO) as a secondary biomass plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films. Explored were the synergistic effects between IDEO and dioctyl phthalate (DOP), alongside an assessment of the influence of the compound plasticizer on the properties of PVC products. The partial substitution of DOP resulted in PVC films with improved thermal stability, flexibility, and migration resistance. IDEO-10/PVC, in particular, exhibited a 64% increase in tensile strength compared to DOP/PVC and maintained thermal stabilization for over 280 minutes at 180 ℃. With a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 33°C, a plasticizing efficiency of 148%, and excellent cold resistance properties, IDEO-10/PVC outperformed DOP/PVC. IDEO-10/PVC migration resistance was significantly lower than in the original PVC resin with only DOP plasticizers under three different polar conditions. Transmittance remained above 87% after 10 days of UV irradiation. Molecular dynamics simulation further confirmed the synergistic plasticizing effect between IDEO and DOP at an IDEO addition of 10 phr. The environmentally friendly approach, holds significant promise for the scaled-up application of PVC.
Prevalence of diarrhea types in children admitted in the pediatric department of Maiwand Teaching Hospital in Kabul city during one year
Authors: Sediqi Mohammad Sharif , Wali Khatera , Wali Abdulwali 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background: Diarrhea is a clinical condition when a child has three or more loose defecation in one day. Acute diarrhea has rapid onset and lasts for less than two weeks, persistent diarrhea lasts for longer than two weeks and frequently has infectious causes, and chronic diarrhea lasts for longer but particularly does not have infectious causes.
Methods: This is a cross sectional study which has been done on 4125 patients who had been hospitalized during one year (March 2021-March 2022) in MTH, the sampling method was Census and the patients who suffer from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) or not has been considered
Results: This cross sectional study has been done on 4125 child who had been hospitalized in pediatric department of Maiwand Teaching Hospital during one year and the prevalence of diarrhea according to age, gender and its types among patients who has been suffering from (SAM) or has not been suffering from (SAM) is considered and at result it has been found that the prevalence of diarrhea among all hospitalized children is 25.89 percent. Among those who have not been suffering from (SAM) the prevalence of diarrhea was 21.77% whereas among those who have been suffering from SAM the prevalence of diarrhea was 35.75%. In this research it has been found that the prevalence of diarrhea is more in boys than in girls (59.92%). According to age the prevalence of diarrhea was much more at the age of 2months-3years (53.26%). The prevalence of acute diarrhea was 85.95% and was the most common type of diarrhea found in this research.
Conclusion: Acute diarrhea is still a great problem in developing countries among pediatrics population and the prevalence of it relates directly to the nutritional status of the child.