bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM IN GROUNDWATER MOTION ANALYSIS — COMPARISON OF PREDICTIONS BASED ON DARCY’S LAW AND THE CONTINUUM THEORY OF MIXTURES
Authors: MUNAF D. , WINEMAN A.S. , RAJAGOPAL K.R. , LEE D.W. 
Published: November 2004

The classical problem of the radial flow to a well in a confined horizontal aquifer is solved using two theories: (1) when the flow is based on Darcy’s law, and (2) when the flow is based on equations of the Continuum Theory of Mixtures. The latter reduce to Darcy’s law when the inertia of the fluid can be neglected, and when the viscosity of the fluid does not enter into the expression for the partial stress for the fluid. A comparison of the two solutions shows that there are conditions when Mixture Theory could predict results that provide a significant departure from those predicted by Darcy’s Law. In this paper we delineate the extent of validity of Darcy’s law, within the context of a more general theoretical framework. The results of our work indicate that Darcy’s law is indeed quite good for low flow rates for a fluid like water. However this is not the case for dense fluids, say oils or effluents, due to the inclusion of inertial effects in the equations of motions.
HEURISTIC CLASSIFICATION OF OFFICE DOCUMENTS
Authors: HAO XIAOLONG , WANG JASON T.L. , BIEBER MICHAEL P. , NG PETER A. 
Published: November 2004

Document Processing Systems (DPSs) support office workers to manage information. Document classification is a major function of DPSs. By analyzing a document’s layout and conceptual structures, we present in this paper a sample-based approach to document classification. We represent a document’s layout structure by an ordered labeled tree through a procedure known as nested segmentation and represent the document’s conceptual structure by a set of attribute type pairs. The layout similarities between the document to be classified and sample documents are determined by a previously developed approximate tree matching toolkit. The conceptual similarities between the documents are determined by analyzing their contents and by calculating the degree of conceptual closeness. The document type is identified by computing both the layout and conceptual similarities between the document to be classified and the samples in the document sample base. Some experimental results are presented, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.
RESPONSE — REQUIREMENTS SPECIFIC OBJECT MODEL FOR WORKGROUP COMPUTING
Authors: HAWRYSZKIEWYCZ IGOR , KARAGIANNIS DIMITRIS , MACIASZEK LESZEK , TEUFEL BERND 
Published: November 2004

Assisted by the client-server architectures, power of contemporary workstations, and new multimedia, database and communication techniques, the workgroup computing (perhaps better known as CSCW — Computer-Supported Cooperative Work) is bound to change the way people in organizations collaborate to achieve common goals. New computer technologies change the way the cooperative work is conducted and they frequently lead to new practices that increase inter-personal productivity and business efficiency. This article defines a conceptual and technological framework for a class of workgroup computing applications characterized by an asynchronous distributed interaction (different-time/different-place) during the development of shared artifacts. The proposed object model is called RESPONSE (REquirements SPecific Object Network System Environment). The model is "requirements specific" as it aims specifically at one, albeit dominant, class of workgroup applications. A particular workgroup application, chosen as representative of our model and used in examples, is the co-authoring of documents. The proposed model determines functions and support required from hardware/ software platforms for workgroup computing. The object database component of such a platform is emphasized. A distributed management of versioned objects using four levels of workspaces is proposed. The model supports long transactions with persistent locks, checkout/checkin of versioned and unversioned objects, social and technical protocols to enhance the cooperation between users, etc. The workgroup interface for the RESPONSE model is also addressed.
BI-MULTIFRACTAL ANALYSIS AND MULTI-AFFINE MODELING OF NON-STATIONARY GEOPHYSICAL PROCESSES, APPLICATION TO TURBULENCE AND CLOUDS
Authors: DAVIS A.B. , MARSHAK A.L. , WISCOMBE W.J. 
Published: November 2004

In recent years, considerable progress has been achieved in the description of natural variability, largely due to the widespread use of scale-invariant concepts such as fractals and multifractals. In particular, this last concept has been used to clarify the fuzzy notion of “inhomogeneity” by introducing and quantifying the effects of intermittency. In this paper, we present a more comprehensive approach to multifractal data analysis and simulation that includes and combines the currently popular singularity analysis techniques with the more traditional approach based on structure functions. Being related to the new idea of “multi-affinity”, these last statistics are regaining favor and constitute the proper framework to address the problem of quantifying and qualifying yet another outstanding fuzzy notion, that of “non-stationarity”. This is an important step because non-stationary behavior is ubiquitous in Nature. Using turbulence as an example, we also show how a unified multifractal formalism can help in extracting, from data alone, the “effective constitutive laws” that describe phenomenologically the nonlinearities of the macroscopic transport processes that shape the geophysical field represented by the dataset. Finally, we argue that the essential multifractality of any natural system can be captured on the “q=1 multifractal plane” and describe ways in which it can be used in practical geophysical problems.
A MEASURE OF AVERAGE SENSITIVITY FOR FUZZY LOGICS
Authors: NGUYEN HUNG T. , KREINOVICH VLADIK , TOLBERT DANA 
Published: November 2004

Experts usually express their uncertainty by words of natural languages (like "perhaps", "for sure", etc). In the majority of expert systems and intelligent control systems, uncertainty of experts' statements is represented by a number from the interval [0, 1]. There are many different procedures that translate the words that experts use into numbers from [0, 1]. For one and the same word, different procedures can lead to different numbers. Some &– and ∨–operations are very sensitive to this difference in the sense that small changes in t(A) and t(B) can lead to absolutely different estimates for t(A&B) and t(A ∨ B). In view of that, it is reasonable to restrict ourselves to the operations that are the least sensitive to such changes. In this paper, we prove that ab and a + b − ab are "in the average" the least sensitive &– and ∨–operations. This result is in good accordance with the experimental data according to which in. many cases, these operations provide the best description of how experts actually think. We also show how this idea can be applied to other logical connectives (e.g., "not"), and to the choice of membership functions.
RECOGNISING ENTREPRENEURIAL POTENTIAL IN GRADUATE BUSINESS START-UPS: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A BEHAVIOURALLY BASED ASSESSMENT TOOL
Authors: JOHNSON DAVID , MA ROSA 
Published: November 2004

This paper presents the initial results of an investigation oriented towards developing a Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS) system to assess the entrepreneurial potential of individuals who are either running their own business or are in the process of considering start-up. A review of the literature identified seven dimensions as necessary, if not exhaustive, attributes of a successful entrepreneur. They are vision, internal locus of control, achievement orientation, calculated risk taking, need for autonomy, creativity and innovativeness, and opportunistic. Previous psychological studies have focused primarily upon personality traits, attitudes, and more recently upon cognitive representations. The actual behaviour of the entrepreneur has been excluded from the analysis. The methodology developed within this paper seeks to overcome this deficit by developing the above mentioned BARS. 16 graduates who are at various stages in the business start-up process were interviewed and data collected regarding the performance of the business. The interview was structured around critical incidents in the recent history of the business and focused specifically upon the individual responses in terms of the seven core dimensions. The interviews were video recorded and transcribed. Assessments of the performance of the business were made by a number of independent assessors who rated each of the sample in terms of progress and success. Initial findings indicate that the BARS do provide a valid measure of entrepreneurial potential as individuals who scored highly upon the BARS were those whose businesses were performing more successfully. As such, BARS could prove to be a very useful tool for research purposes and also in the selection and training of owner-managers and entrepreneurs. A longitudinal investigation is currently in preparation.
SINGAPOREAN ENTREPRENEURS—THE AUSTRALIAN CONNECTION
Authors: LEWIS PHILIP E.T. 
Published: November 2004

This paper develops a framework for investigating the linkages between Singaporean entrepreneurs and Australia. The first link examined is through Singapore investment in Australia. There are about three thousand Singapore-based companies overseas with investments in a broad range of industries. Australia is among the top six investment host countries. One of the most important links is through Singaporean entrepreneurs sending their children to Australia to be educated. Educational services are provided to the next generation of entrepreneurs and also provide familiarity with the political and economic environment in which Singapore entrepreneurs can do business in Australia. Another important link is through migration of Singaporean entrepreneurs to Australia. Research shows that the flow of Singaporean students to Australia is a major factor in determining the flow of entrepreneurs to Australia. This flow is, however, also strongly influenced by the general economic conditions. The issues explored in this paper are major given the importance of Asian entrepreneurs to Australia’s economic strategy of incorporation into the markets of Asia. The drain of entrepreneurs to Australia may also be of concern to Singapore. On the other hand, the links created with Singapore firms may be of long term benefit to Singapore.
PREDICTING SOFTWARE QUALITY, DURING TESTING, USING NEURAL NETWORK MODELS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: KHOSHGOFTAAR TAGHI M. , SZABO ROBERT M. 
Published: November 2004

The application of statistical modeling techniques has been an intensely pursued area of research in the field of software engineering. The goal has been to model software quality and use that information to better understand the software development process. Neural network modeling methods have recently been applied to this field. The results reported indicate that neural network models have better predictive quality than some statistical models when predicting reliability and the number of faults. In this paper, we will investigate the application of principal components analysis to neural network modeling as a way of improving the predictive quality of neural network quality models. Using data we collected from a large commercial software system, we developed a multiple regression model using the principal components. Then, we trained two neural nets, one with raw data, and one with principal components. Then, we compare the predictive quality of the three competing models for a variety of quality measures.
A FRAMEWORK FOR ADAPTIVE FAULT MANAGEMENT IN DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS
Authors: GANTENBEIN REX E. , LAWRENCE THOMAS F. , SHIN SUNG YUN 
Published: November 2004

Most strategies for fault management in distributed computing systems are effective only for a narrow range of fault classes. In some systems, however, a wide range of operating environments may be encountered that require different strategies to be used at different times. Adaptive fault management can be used to increase a system’s survivability under conditions that can suddenly and drastically change, but there are a number of problems that must be solved for this paradigm to be successful. Two of these problems are the characterization of fault management techniques and the evaluation of system behavior relative to system requirements. A taxonomy for distributed fault management characterizes a variety of well-known techniques for achieving survivability in distributed systems. A generalized metric can then evaluate the effectiveness of different fault management techniques under changing conditions. These two concepts may be used as a framework for understanding how an adaptive system can dynamically select an appropriate fault management strategy from a number of alternatives in response to changes in its operating environment. Applications that use multiple fault management techniques to enhance their survivability illustrate the applicability of this framework.
Religious Conversion, Covert Defiance and Social Identity: A Comparative View
Authors: Nissimi Hilda 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis article examines the special contribution of forced conversion to the formation of a new social identity. Groups that were forced to convert while struggling to maintain a former-covert religious identity, such as the Moriscos of Spain, the Spanish and Portuguese Jews, and the Huguenots of France, shaped social identities with common traits, despite differences in social, political and religious environments. These groups stressed memory practices, strengthened familistic values, and regendered social roles. Each of these practices set them apart from both of the faith communities they belonged to: the old and the new, the open and the secret. The Mashhadis of Iran are offered as a control group to test this argument, as their community is the farthest in time and space while conforming to the same pattern of social mechanisms. The evolution of the new social-cultural and even ethnic identity was a process whereby religious motifs generated cultural cohesion, and communal ties facilitated both. Thus, even when danger was over a new community was born, more self-conscious, and stronger than before.
Low-Grade Lymphoma
Authors: Winter Jane N. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Van Besien Koen 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFolicular lymphoma (FL), the second most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, shows considerable heterogeneity in its clinical behavior, representative of a biology that appears increasingly complex and diverse. As our knowledge of the molecular basis of FL increases, we strive for an integration between the bench and clinic that yields treatments based on our scientific understanding and biomarkers that allow us to prescribe treatment rationally.In Section I, Dr. Randy Gascoyne describes the histologic, cytogenetic and biologic features of FL that underlie its clinical variability. Key aspects of the pathologic diagnosis of FL that have particular relevance to the clinician are highlighted. A proposed model for follicular lymphomagenesis and diffuse large B cell lymphoma transformation has emerged and continues to evolve as the molecular story unfolds. A biologic basis for clinical outcome in FL also appears to be forthcoming.In Section II, Dr. Jane Winter addresses the complex process of selecting among the many treatment options for patients with FL. Previously a simple matter of deciding between oral or intravenous alkylators, clinicians and patients must now struggle to choose among vastly different approaches ranging from “watch and wait” to stem cell transplantation. The introduction of rituximab and radioimmunoconjugates is changing the treatment paradigm, but the optimal approach to integrating these and other new agents remains to be determined. At every decision point, the best approach is always a clinical trial.In Section III, Dr. Koen Van Besien provides a well-documented update on outcomes associated with autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation for FL. The results of trials of autologous stem cell transplantation in first remission and recent data supporting a role for graft purging are discussed. Based on the premise that a graft-versus-lymphoma effect is operative in FL, reduced-intensity allogeneic transplantation is the preferred approach in many cases, and recently reported results are summarized. Criteria for patient selection and the optimal role of transplantation in the overall therapeutic plan for the patient with FL are presented.
Testicular seminoma after the complete remission of extragonadal yolk sac tumor : a case report
Authors: Kuroda Isao , Ueno Munehisa , Mitsuhashi Tomoko , Nakagawa Ken , Yanaihara Hitoshi , Tsukamoto Takuji , Deguchi Nobuhiro 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Background
Between 2% and 5% of malignant germ-cell tumors in men arise at extragonadal sites. Of extragonadal germ cell tumors, testicular carcinoma in situ (CIS) are present in 31–42% of cases, and CIS are reported to have low sensitivity to chemotherapy in spite of the various morphology and to have a high likelihood of developing into testicular tumors. A testicular biopsy may thus be highly advisable when evaluating an extragonadal germ cell tumor.

Case presentation
A 36-year-old man was diagnosed as having an extragonadal non-seminomatous germ cell tumor, that was treated by cisplatin-based chemotherapy, leading to a complete remission. In the meantime, testicular tumors were not detected by means of ultrasonography. About 4 years later, a right testicular tumor was found, and orchiectomy was carried out. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of seminoma.

Conclusions
We herein report a case of metachronous occurrence of an extragonadal and gonadal germ cell tumor. In the evaluation of an extragonadal germ cell tumor, a histological examination should be included since ultrasonography is not sufficient to detect CIS or minute lesions of the testis.
Gene expression profiles in the rat streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis model identified using microarray analysis
Authors: Rioja Inmaculada , Clayton Chris L , Graham Simon J , Life Paul F , Dickson Marion C 
Published: November 2004

AbstractExperimental arthritis models are considered valuable tools for delineating mechanisms of inflammation and autoimmune phenomena. Use of microarray-based methods represents a new and challenging approach that allows molecular dissection of complex autoimmune diseases such as arthritis. In order to characterize the temporal gene expression profile in joints from the reactivation model of streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-induced arthritis in Lewis (LEW/N) rats, total RNA was extracted from ankle joints from naïve, SCW injected, or phosphate buffered saline injected animals (time course study) and gene expression was analyzed using Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarray technology (RAE230A). After normalization and statistical analysis of data, 631 differentially expressed genes were sorted into clusters based on their levels and kinetics of expression using Spotfire® profile search and K-mean cluster analysis. Microarray-based data for a subset of genes were validated using real-time PCR TaqMan® analysis. Analysis of the microarray data identified 631 genes (441 upregulated and 190 downregulated) that were differentially expressed (Delta > 1.8, P < 0.01), showing specific levels and patterns of gene expression. The genes exhibiting the highest fold increase in expression on days -13.8, -13, or 3 were involved in chemotaxis, inflammatory response, cell adhesion and extracellular matrix remodelling. Transcriptome analysis identified 10 upregulated genes (Delta > 5), which have not previously been associated with arthritis pathology and are located in genomic regions associated with autoimmune disease. The majority of the downregulated genes were associated with metabolism, transport and regulation of muscle development. In conclusion, the present study describes the temporal expression of multiple disease-associated genes with potential pathophysiological roles in the reactivation model of SCW-induced arthritis in Lewis (LEW/N) rat. These findings improve our understanding of the molecular events that underlie the pathology in this animal model, which is potentially a valuable comparator to human rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Stabilization and mobility of the head and trunk in vervet monkeys(Cercopithecus aethiops) during treadmill walks and gallops
Authors: Dunbar Donald C. 
Published: November 2004

SUMMARYThe brain requires internal or external reference frames to determine body orientation in space. These frames may change, however, to meet changing conditions. During quadrupedal overground locomotion by monkeys, the head rotates on a stabilized trunk during walking, but the trunk rotates on a stabilized head during galloping. Do the same movement patterns occur during in-place locomotion? Head and trunk pitch rotations were measured, and yaw and roll rotations estimated from cine films of three adult vervet monkeys(Cercopithecus aethiops L. 1758) walking and galloping quadrupedally on a treadmill. Head and trunk rotational patterns during treadmill walks were comparable to the patterns found during overground walks. The rotational velocities of these segments during both treadmill walks and gallops were also comparable to the velocities found during natural locomotion. By contrast,whereas head and trunk rotational patterns during treadmill gallops did occur that were comparable to the patterns practiced during overground gallops, a significantly different pattern involving large and simultaneous head and trunk rotations was more commonly observed. Simultaneous head and trunk rotations may be possible during treadmill gallops because the fixed visual surround is providing an adequate spatial reference frame. Alternatively, or in addition to this visual information, a re-weighting in other sensory modalities may be occurring. Specifically, the vestibular inputs used during overground locomotion to reference gravity or a gravity-derived vector may become less important than proprioceptive inputs that are using the treadmill belt surface as a reference. Regardless, the spatial reference frame being used, blinks that occur at specific times during the largest head yaw rotations may be necessary to avoid the initiation of unwanted and potentially destabilizing lateral sway brought on by sudden increases in optic flow velocity.