bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of adolescent fitness with cardiometabolic diseases in late adulthood: A 45‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Laakso Perttu T. T. , Ortega Francisco B. , Huotari Pertti , Tolvanen Asko J. , Kujala Urho M. , Jaakkola Timo T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the associations of adolescent cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular fitness (MF), and speed‐agility fitness (SA) with middle‐aged cardiometabolic disease risk and explore sex differences.MethodsThis 45‐year prospective cohort study examined the associations between objectively measured fitness at adolescence (12–19 years) and physician‐ascertained diabetes mellitus, elevated blood pressure (BP), and coronary heart disease reported either in early (37–44 years) or late (57–64 years) middle age, and self‐measurement of waist circumference (WC) in late middle age. Fitness measurements for healthy adolescents in baseline included CRF (1.5 km [girls] and 2 km [boys] run), MF (standing broad jump, sit‐ups, pull‐ups [boys], and flexed‐arm hang [girls]), and SA (50 m dash and 4 × 10 m shuttle run). Logistic regression and general linear models were adjusted for baseline age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), involving data from baseline and at least one follow‐up measurement (N up to 1358, 47% males).ResultsAdolescent CRF was inversely, and regardless of adiposity, associated with middle age accumulated burden of cardiometabolic conditions in the whole sample (N = 562, ß = −0.10, 95% confidence intervals [CI] [−0.18, −0.03], p = 0.006), and elevated BP in females (N = 256, OR = 0.71, 95% CI [0.51, 0.91]). Overall, we observed stronger associations in females than in males. An inverse association of adolescent MF and SA with middle‐aged WC was observed, but it did not show as consistent associations as with CRF.ConclusionsIn this study, adolescent fitness, particularly CRF, was inversely associated with the burden of cardiometabolic conditions up to 45 years. Promotion of fitness in youth may be beneficial in preventing adulthood cardiometabolic diseases.
An analysis of value chain trade in Africa
Authors: Montfaucon Angella Faith , Nigatu Natnael Simachew , Kraido Majune Socrates 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAfrica's participation in global value chains (GVCs) is not well documented compared with the developed world. Clearly understanding GVC participation levels is critical to enable evidence‐based policy. This paper uses two sources of data to assess Africa's GVC participation and empirically estimates determinants of GVC participation across the data sets. The analysis relies on databases based on customs‐level data (firm and country) and firm survey data from which measures of GVCs are constructed. We find that aggregate GVC data mask disparities, as Africa's proportion of firms participating in GVCs is comparable to other regions, but Africa's GVC trade is much lower. A common theme in the multi‐country empirical results is the positive relationship between political stability and GVC participation of African countries. For single‐country analyses, the consistent result is that FDI is positively associated with backward GVC participation, both at the firm level and country level of analysis. This highlights how much institutions and the need to attract FDI are relevant in promoting Africa's future engagements in GVCs. The consistency in GVC participation rates across the two data sets at the country level indicates their suitability in GVC studies in Africa and expanding their country coverage can enable policymakers to make informed decisions.
Identification of a DNA-cytosine methyltransferase that impacts global transcription to promote group B streptococcal vaginal colonization
Authors: Manzer Haider S. , Brunetti Tonya , Doran Kelly S. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Group B
Streptococcus
(GBS) colonizes the female reproductive tract (FRT) and causes adverse pregnancy outcomes and invasive disease following vertical transmission to the fetus or newborn. Despite this major public health burden, the mechanisms of GBS FRT colonization are understudied. A recent transposon sequencing screen identified GBS factors contributing to vaginal colonization and ascending spread, including a putative DNA-cytosine methyltransferase (Dcm). We constructed a Δ
dcm
deletion strain and confirmed that
dcm
contributes to murine FRT colonization. Investigation of the evolutionary origin of the
dcm
gene reveals that it is widely distributed across GBS and is encoded as part of a prophage genome that displays evidence of horizontal transfer between GBS strains. We further show that Dcm contributes to 5mC methylation and global regulation of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, transcription regulation, and known adhesins and metabolic factors involved in GBS colonization. Interestingly, GBS genes that are induced in the presence of the highly glycosylated vaginal mucin MUC5B were significantly downregulated in the ∆
dcm
mutant. Furthermore, the ∆
dcm
mutant exhibited reduced binding to immobilized mucin and was attenuated in its ability to grow on numerous carbon sources including the carbohydrates found on mucins. While the ∆
dcm
mutant displayed enhanced clearance from the FRT in wild-type mice, there was no significant difference in
MUC5B
−/−
mice, indicating that Dcm-mediated regulation requires MUC5B to promote GBS colonization. This is the first report to characterize the impact of a DNA methyltransferase on GBS gene regulation and FRT colonization.

IMPORTANCE

Group B
Streptococcus
(GBS) colonizes the female reproductive tract (FRT) in one-third of women, and carriage leads to numerous adverse pregnancy outcomes including the preterm premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, and stillbirth. The presence of GBS in the FRT during pregnancy is also the largest predisposing factor for the transmission of GBS and invasive neonatal diseases, including pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. The factors contributing to GBS colonization are still being elucidated. Here, we show for the first time that GBS transcription is regulated by an orphan DNA cytosine methyltransferase (Dcm). Many GBS factors are regulated by Dcm, especially those involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism. We show that GBS persistence in the FRT is dependent on the catabolism of sugars found on the vaginal mucin MUC5B. Collectively, this work highlights the regulatory importance of a DNA methyltransferase and identifies both host and bacterial factors required for GBS colonization.
Complete genome sequence of
Halomonas
sp. strain M1, a thiosulfate-oxidizing bacterium isolated from a hyperalkaline serpentinizing system, Ney Springs
Authors: Alibaglouei Mehdi , Trutschel Leah R. , Rowe Annette R. , Sackett Joshua D. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

We report the full genome sequence of
Halomonas
sp. strain M1, isolated from a continental high pH serpentinizing spring in northern California, USA. The 3.7 Mb genome has a G + C content of 54.13%, encodes 3,354 protein-coding genes, and provides insights into the metabolic potential for sulfur oxidation.
Complete genome assembly of
Enterococcus faecalis
strain HL1, isolated from an infant fecal sample
Authors: Kim Kyoung Su , Lee Gun-Hyeong , Bak Hyun Ryul , Park Yoon Mee , Lee Seung Hwa , Hong Soo-Jong , Lee Dong-Woo 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

We present the complete genome sequence of
Enterococcus faecalis
strain HL1, isolated from infant feces.
E. faecalis
gains significant attention for its therapeutic potential. The genome of
E. faecalis
HL1 consists of a 2.7 Mb circular chromosome with no plasmids, and it contains a total of 2,546 predicted coding genes.
Draft genome sequences of six bacterial strains isolated from Cannabis rhizosphere soil
Authors: Bookout Tyson , Goff Kira L. , Gauthier Jeff , Levesque Roger C. , Lewenza Shawn 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Although bacterial isolates from Cannabis flowers were reported and sequenced, few from its rhizosphere have been characterized. Here we report the draft genomes of six bacterial strains isolated from Cannabis rhizosphere soil samples. These sequences may shed light on plant-microbe interactions in the Cannabis rhizosphere at the molecular level.
Primary management of pelvic fracture urethral injury in a woman: challenges and outcome
Authors: Khurana Chiranjeet Singh , Kushwaha Swapnil Singh , Dorairajan Lalgudi Narayanan , Kalra Siddharth 
Published: October 2023

Literature on the management of pelvic fracture urethral injuries (PFUI) in women is scarce. We present a case of PFUI in a woman.A woman in her 50s presented with lower abdominal pain, bleeding per vaginum and inability to void following road traffic accident. Local examination showed mid-urethral transection injury and tear over the left anterolateral aspect of the vagina. Foley’s catheter bulb and bony fragments of the fractured pelvis were palpable anteriorly. Imaging revealed bilateral superior and inferior rami fractures with pubic bone diastasis. She underwent external fixation of pelvic bones with primary repair of urethral and vaginal mucosal injury.Intraoperatively external pelvic fixator was applied, following which the bony fragments in the vagina were lifted up (due to the realignment of pelvic bones). Mid-urethral transection injury was repaired using end-to-end anastomotic urethroplasty. Per-urethral catheter and suprapubic catheter were placed. Periurethral tissue and vaginal layers were closed over the urethral repair. The postoperative course was uneventful.External pelvic fixator was removed after 6 weeks of surgery. Micturating cystogram showed no evidence of contrast extravasation. Follow-up at 3 months showed no urinary symptoms with a bell-shaped uroflowmetry curve.
Risk factors associated with the prevalence of thyroid nodules in adults in Northeast China: a cross-sectional population-based study
Authors: Yan Yudie , Dong Junhe , Li Shufeng , Yang Guochun , Huang Kunbo , Tian Wen , Su Jingtong , Zhang Zhen 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesThis study examined the association between anthropometric measurements, lifestyle factors and the prevalence of thyroid nodules among adults in Northeast China.DesignWe employed a cross-sectional approach involving a questionnaire survey, which focused on participants’ living habits, and a physical examination that included anthropometry and ultrasound imaging.SettingThe data were procured during multiple trips by medical teams from the first hospital of China Medical University to towns in Northeast China.ParticipantsOf the 1092 participants, 489 did not have thyroid nodules (mean age: 54.02±11.49 years; 297 females (60.7%)), 99 had single thyroid nodules (mean age: 58.19±10.77 years; 59 females (59.6%)) and 504 had multiple thyroid nodules (mean age: 60.05±10.68 years; 394 females (78.2%)). Inclusion criteria mandated participants be over 20 years old without other medical conditions. We excluded individuals who had undergone surgical resection for thyroid nodules.ResultsThe prevalence of thyroid nodules was significantly associated with being female (OR 2.569, 95% CI 1.937 to 3.405, p<0.001) and increased age (OR 1.054, 95% CI 1.041 to 1.066, p<0.001). This association was more pronounced in those with multiple thyroid nodules. For males under 60, non-smoking was inversely correlated with the prevalence of multiple thyroid nodules (OR 0.321, 95%CI 0.149 to 0.69, p<0.05). For females under 60, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was significantly linked with the prevalence of thyroid nodules (OR 0.978, 95% CI 2.614 to 2.705, p<0.05).ConclusionsBesides gender and age, the prevalence of thyroid nodules in Northeast China correlates with smoking habits and DBP.
Unpolarized transverse-momentum dependent distribution functions of a quark in a pion with Minkowskian dynamics
Authors: de Paula W. , Frederico T. , Salmè G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe unpolarized twist-2 (leading) and twist-3 (subleading), T-even, transverse-momentum dependent quark distributions in the pion are evaluated for the first time by using the actual solution of a dynamical equation in Minkowski space. The adopted theoretical framework is based on the 4D homogeneous Bethe–Salpeter integral equation with an interaction kernel given by a one-gluon exchange, featuring an extended quark-gluon vertex. The masses of quark and gluon as well as the interaction-vertex scale have been chosen in a range suggested by lattice-QCD calculations, and calibrated to reproduce both pion mass and decay constant. The sum rules to be fulfilled by the transverse-momentum dependent distributions are carefully investigated, particularly the leading-twist one, that has to match the collinear parton distribution function, and hence can be scrutinized in terms of existing data as well as theoretical predictions. Noteworthy, the joint use of the Fock expansion of the pion state facilitates an in-depth analysis of the content of the pion Bethe–Salpeter amplitude, allowing to calculate the gluon contribution to the quark average longitudinal fraction, that results to be $$\sim 6\%$$

∼
6
%

. The current analysis highlights the role of the gluon exchanges through quantitative analysis of collinear and transverse-momentum distributions, showing, e.g. for both leading and subleading-twists, an early departure from the widely adopted exponential fall-off, for $$|\textbf{k}_\perp |^2> m^2$$

|

k
⊥

|

2

>

m
2

, with the quark mass $$\sim {\varLambda }_{QCD}$$

∼

Λ

QCD

.
Phonon motion around (2+1)-dimensional acoustic black hole
Authors: Toshmatov Bobir , Ahmedov Bobomurat , Stuchlík Zdeněk 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe study motion of a phonon, a particle representing the quanta of the sound wave in the (2+1) spacetime of the acoustic analogous axially symmetric black hole, so-called acoustic (sonic) black hole. Similar to the real objects known as black holes in relativity theories, the phenomenon called acoustic black hole possesses the ergoregion whose area is increasing with increasing rotation of the black hole, leading to more phonons being affected by the supersonic flow. It is found that phonons in the ergoregion of an acoustic black hole behave differently than those outside of it. Specifically, we found that the phonons in the ergoregion are affected by the supersonic flow of the fluid, causing them to move in different directions than those outside the ergoregion. Moreover, we presented calculations of the deflection angle and time delay of the phonon in the field of the acoustic black hole in the weak field regime that can be useful to test the geometry of the acoustic black hole in the laboratory.
Outcomes of Autologous Fat Graft Injection(s) in Treating Sequelae of Digital Trauma: A Case Series
Authors: LUPON Elise , PAOLI Hadrien , VILLENEUVE BARGEMON Jean Baptiste De , LOISEL François , CAMUZARD Olivier , PLUVY Isabelle 
Published: October 2023

Background: Sequelae of digital trauma, such as painful scars adherent to tendons and bones, pain of neural origin, cold intolerance, skin and pulp atrophy, occur frequently. Autologous fat graft injections is an interesting option to treat these sequelae. The aim of this study is to describe the outcomes of autologous fat graft injections to treat sequelae of digital trauma. Methods: This retrospective study included all adult patients with digital trauma who underwent an autologous fat grafting procedure at our hospital between 2015 and 2019. The procedure was done at least 6 months after the initial trauma. Outcomes were assessed at least 9 months after the injection and included 2-point epicritic discrimination by Weber test (2-PD) and pulp circumference of the affected finger compared with the contralateral finger, a satisfaction questionnaire concerning the improvement of symptoms, aesthetic aspects and pain related to the operation, evaluation of pain by visual analogue scale, quality of life by SF-36 score and quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire (QuickDASH) score. We also assessed whether the patients had reintegrated a previously excluded finger. Results: The study included 14 patients. All patients received one session except for one patient who received two sessions. The average 2-PD of the injured finger was 7 mm compared to 3.57 mm for the contralateral finger. There was no difference in pulp circumference between the treated and contralateral fingers. The mean satisfaction score for symptom improvement and aesthetic improvement was 3.36/5, and the mean score for procedure-related pain was 2.36/5. The mean VAS of the patients was 2.91/10, the mean SF-36 was 60.42/100 and the mean QuickDASH was 40.09/100. Five of the nine patients who had a previously excluded finger were able to reintegrate it. Conclusions: Autologous fat transfer seems to offer some benefit in patients with adherent scars and pulp atrophy. It has little effect on neuropathic pain. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
Reduced Mitochondrial Protein Translation Promotes Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Heart Regeneration
Authors: Gao Feng , Liang Tian , Lu Yao Wei , Pu Linbin , Fu Xuyang , Dong Xiaoxuan , Hong Tingting , Zhang Feng , Liu Ning , Zhou Yuxia , Wang Hongkun , Liang Ping , Guo Yuxuan , Yu Hong , Zhu Wei , Hu Xinyang , Chen Hong , Zhou Bin , Pu William T. , Mably John D. , Wang Jian’an , Wang Da-Zhi , Chen Jinghai 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
The importance of mitochondria in normal heart function are well recognized and recent studies have implicated changes in mitochondrial metabolism with some forms of heart disease. Previous studies demonstrated that knockdown of the mitochondrial ribosomal protein S5 (MRPS5) by small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibits mitochondrial translation and thereby causes a mitonuclear protein imbalance. Therefore, we decided to examine the effects of MRPS5 loss and the role of these processes on cardiomyocyte proliferation.

METHODS:
We deleted a single allele of MRPS5 in mice and used left anterior descending coronary artery ligation surgery to induce myocardial damage in these animals. We examined cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration both in vivo and in vitro. Doxycycline treatment was used to inhibit protein translation. Heart function in mice was assessed by echocardiography. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and RNA sequencing were used to assess changes in transcription and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and BioChIP were used to assess chromatin effects. Protein levels were assessed by Western blotting and cell proliferation or death by histology and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays. Adeno-associated virus was used to overexpress genes. The luciferase reporter assay was used to assess promoter activity. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate, ATP levels, and reactive oxygen species were also analyzed.

RESULTS:

We determined that deletion of a single allele of MRPS5 in mice results in elevated cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration; this observation correlates with improved cardiac function after induction of myocardial infarction. We identified ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4) as a key regulator of the mitochondrial stress response in cardiomyocytes from Mrps5
+/-
mice; furthermore, ATF4 regulates Knl1 (kinetochore scaffold 1) leading to an increase in cytokinesis during cardiomyocyte proliferation. The increased cardiomyocyte proliferation observed in Mrps5+/- mice was attenuated when one allele of Atf4 was deleted genetically (Mrps5
+/-
/Atf4
+/-
), resulting in the loss in the capacity for cardiac regeneration. Either MRPS5 inhibition (or as we also demonstrate, doxycycline treatment) activate a conserved regulatory mechanism that increases the proliferation of human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes.

CONCLUSIONS:
These data highlight a critical role for MRPS5/ATF4 in cardiomyocytes and an exciting new avenue of study for therapies to treat myocardial injury.
What’s in the Box? Preschoolers Consider Ambiguity, Expected Value, and Information for Future Decisions in Explore-Exploit Tasks
Authors: Lapidow Elizabeth , Bonawitz Elizabeth 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Self-directed exploration in childhood appears driven by a desire to resolve uncertainties in order to learn more about the world. However, in adult decision-making, the choice to explore new information rather than exploit what is already known takes many factors beyond uncertainty (such as expected utilities and costs) into account. The evidence for whether young children are sensitive to complex, contextual factors in making exploration decisions is limited and mixed. Here, we investigate whether modifying uncertain options influences explore-exploit behavior in preschool-aged children (48–68 months). Over the course of three experiments, we manipulate uncertain options’ ambiguity, expected value, and potential to improve epistemic state for future exploration in a novel forced-choice design. We find evidence that young children are influenced by each of these factors, suggesting that early, self-directed exploration involves sophisticated, context-sensitive decision-making under uncertainty.
Local scale population risk determines the adaptive responses of larval salamanders to predator kairomones
Authors: Cannon Christopher L. , Davenport Jon M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Organisms can exhibit plasticity in phenotypic responses to environmental stimuli but the response can vary based on the evolutionary history of a population. Numerous studies have found that prey will express adaptive responses when subjected to various predators in experimental settings. For species with a large distribution, such as Ambystoma maculatum (spotted salamander), it is not surprising that phenotypic variance can be high across their range. This variance has been hypothesized to be because of different predator regimes of populations. While A. maculatum preferentially oviposit eggs in low-risk ponds (temporary fishless) to decrease egg and larval mortality, Missouri populations still use high-risk ponds (permanent with fish) for reproduction. Using a series of experiments, we investigated how A. maculatum population risk influenced adaptive responses to both native and novel predator kairomones. For natural predators, we used larval A. opacum (marbled salamanders) and Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill) and for novel predators we used Siren intermedia (lesser siren). We found that larval salamanders generally responded with no differences in morphological traits to all three predators. However, head width was larger for low-risk populations. One hypothesized benefit of larger heads (increased foraging efficiency) was not fully supported. All larval salamanders also increased refuge use with predators but this decreased over time. Our results suggest that predation risk of a population may influence the degree of phenotypic expression in response to larval predators. Overall, local adaptation may dictate the ability of prey to respond to environmental conditions within a life stage.
Advancing psychiatry trainee wellbeing and safety: Building on RANZCP Position Statement 48
Authors: Weightman Michael James , Amos Andrew , Miller Edward 
Published: October 2023

Objective The RANZCP recently released Position Statement 48 on the ‘safety and wellbeing of psychiatrists and those in psychiatry training’. This article will examine the five key domains highlighted by this statement and provide suggestions on how this guidance might relate to trainees. The domains covered are (i) safe workplaces free from discrimination, bullying, harassment, and violence; (ii) positive team cultures; (iii) positive professional peer relationships; (iv) supportive supervision and mentorship; and (v) work–life balance. Conclusions In the context of the significant and complex demands of psychiatry training, Position Statement 48 helps to provide a framework for trainees and the people and systems that support them to understand, anticipate, and successfully manage the potential risks to trainee wellbeing and safety.