bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De-escalation of Biologic Treatment in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Gisbert Javier P , Chaparro María 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Biologic therapy is an effective treatment for inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. However due to cost and safety concerns, dose de-escalation strategies after achieving remission have been suggested.

Aim
To critically review available data on dose de-escalation of biologics [or other advanced therapies] in IBD. We will focus on studies evaluating de-escalation to standard dosing in patients initially optimised, and also on studies assessing de-escalation from standard dosing.

Methods
A systematic bibliographic search was performed.

Results
The mean frequency of de-escalation after previous dose intensification [12 studies, 1,474 patients] was 34%. The corresponding frequency of de-escalation from standard dosing [five studies, 3,842 patients] was 4.2%. The relapse rate of IBD following anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF] de-escalation to standard dosing in patients initially dose-escalated [10 studies, 301 patients] was 30%. The corresponding relapse rate following anti-TNF de-escalation from standard dosing [nine studies, 494 patients] was 38%. The risk of relapse was lower for patients in clinical, biologic, and endoscopic/radiological remission at the time of de-escalation. A role of anti-TNF therapeutic drug monitoring in the decision to dose de-escalate has been demonstrated. In patients relapsing after de-escalation, re-escalation is generally effective. De-escalation is not consistently associated with a better safety profile. The cost-effectiveness of the de-escalation strategy remains uncertain. Finally, there is not enough evidence to recommend dose de-escalation of biologics different from anti-TNFs or small molecules.

Conclusions
Any consideration for de-escalation of biologic therapy in IBD must be tailored, taking into account the risks and consequences of a flare and patients’ preferences.
The skeletal and dental effects of Hanks Herbst versus twin block appliances for class II correction in growing patients: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Pacha Moaiyad M , Fleming Padhraig S , Shagmani Muftah , Johal Ama 
Published: November 2023

Summary

Background
Despite the popularity of the Twin Block (TB) and the Hanks Herbst (HH) functional appliances, there is limited prospective research comparing these removable and fixed designs, respectively.

Objectives
To evaluate and compare the skeletal and dental effects associated with TB and HH functional appliances as well as to detect factors that might influence the success or failure of treatment in adolescents with Class II malocclusion.

Design and setting
A parallel-group randomized controlled trial was undertaken in a single-centre hospital in the United Kingdom.

Methods
A total of 80 participants (aged 10–14 years) with overjet of 7 mm or more were randomized to receive either the HH or TB appliance. Cephalometric radiographs were collected at the start of the study and immediately after the withdrawal of the functional appliances and measured using Pancherz analysis. Participants were allocated to the TB or HH group, based on an electronic randomization, stratified for gender and allocation concealed. Blinding to the allocated arm was not possible. However, all data were coded and anonymized to ensure that assessors were blinded to the group allocation. The main outcome was the anterior–posterior skeletal and dento-alveolar changes at the end of the functional phase.

Results
Fifteen (37.5%) participants from the TB group and 7 (15.5%) from HH failed to achieve full overjet reduction (&lt;4 mm) after 12 months of treatment. Overjet reduction was 2 mm greater with HH compared to TB (P = .05; 95% CI: 0.2, 3.2). No significant differences regarding skeletal and dental changes were reported, with the exception that participants in HH group experienced greater lower molar protraction (P = .002; 95% CI: −2.8, −0.8) and mandibular incisors advancement (P = .001; 95% CI: −2.9, −1), indicating greater dental than skeletal effects.

Conclusion
The TB appliance was associated with a higher rate of treatment discontinuation. No significant clinical differences were observed in the skeletal and dental effects, although the HH may be associated with more pronounced effects on the mandibular dentition.

Clinical Trial Registration
The protocol was registered online before the start of the trial (ISRCTN11717011).
Jazz Music and Intermedial References in Toni Morrison’s Love
Authors: Bystrov Yakiv , Telegina Nataliya 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes an intermedial reading of Toni Morrison’s Love (2003) and applies the concepts of intermediality theory to discuss the jazz narrative strategies used in the novel. In this article, intermediality is on the one hand associated with the musicalization of fiction; on the other hand, it is viewed from the perspective of expanding the representational modes of a given medium. The article explores the links between jazz music and literature, and argues that the structure of Morrison’s Love has a certain similarity to a jazz music composition. We identify in the structure of the novel a number of solos and the polyphonic overlapping of the voices, and we show that the interaction of voices gives the narrative a dialogic character, which results in multiple interpretations of the complex characters and ambiguous situations. Juxtapositions, temporal shifts, syncopation, rhythmically arranged sequences, meaningful chords, improvisation, repetition and variations are explored and interpreted as jazz narrative strategies. The article identifies a double riff based on counterpoint, and its role in harmonizing the sounds of the voices at the end of the novel. The rich imagery contributing to the performative character of the narrative is analysed. We argue that Morrison’s Love serves as a vivid example of the musicalization of fiction, which results in expanding the representational modes of literature.
Rates of Endoscopic Recurrence In Postoperative Crohn’s Disease Based on Anastomotic Techniques: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nardone Olga Maria , Calabrese Giulio , Barberio Brigida , Giglio Mariano Cesare , Castiglione Fabiana , Luglio Gaetano , Savarino Edoardo , Ghosh Subrata , Iacucci Marietta 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) after ileocolic resection may develop an endoscopic postoperative recurrence (ePOR) that reaches 40% to 70% of incidence within 6 months. Recently, there has been growing interest in the potential effect of anastomotic configurations on ePOR. Kono-S anastomosis has been proposed for reducing the risk of clinical and ePOR. Most studies have assessed the association of ileocolonic anastomosis and ePOR individually, while there is currently limited data simultaneously comparing several types of anastomosis. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of different ileocolonic anastomosis on ePOR in CD.

Methods
We searched PubMed and Embase from inception to January 2023 for eligible studies reporting the types of anastomoses and, based on these, the rate of endoscopic recurrence at ≥6 months. Studies were grouped by conventional anastomosis, including side-to-side, end-to-end, and end-to-side vs Kono-S, and comparisons were made between these groups. Pooled incidence rates of ePOR were computed using random-effect modelling.

Results
Seventeen studies, with 2087 patients who underwent ileocolic resection for CD were included. Among these patients, 369 (17,7%) Kono-S anastomoses were performed, while 1690 (81,0%) were conventional ileocolic anastomosis. Endoscopic postoperative recurrence at ≥6 months showed a pooled incidence of 37.2% (95% CI, 27.7-47.2) with significant heterogeneity among the studies (P &lt; .0001). In detail, patients receiving a Kono-S anastomosis had a pooled incidence of ePOR of 24.7% (95% CI, 6.8%-49.4%), while patients receiving a conventional anastomosis had an ePOR of 42.6% (95% CI, 32.2%-53.4%).

Conclusions
Kono-S ileocolic anastomosis was more likely to decrease the risk of ePOR at ≥6 months compared with conventional anastomosis. Our findings highlight the need to implement the use of Kono-S anastomosis, particularly for difficult to treat patients. However, results from larger randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these data.
Estimation of returning Atlantic salmon stock from rod exploitation rate for principal salmon rivers in England & Wales
Authors: Gregory Stephen D , Gillson Jonathan P , Whitlock Katie , Barry Jon , Gough Peter , Hillman Robert J , Mee David , Peirson Graeme , Shields Brian A , Talks Lawrence , Toms Simon , Walker Alan M , Wilson Ben , Davidson Ian C 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFor effective fishery management, estimated stock sizes, along with their uncertainties, should be accurate, precise, and unbiased. Atlantic salmon Salmo salar stock assessment in England and Wales (and elsewhere across the Atlantic) estimate returning salmon stocks by applying a measure of rod exploitation rate (RER), derived from less abundant fishery-independent stock estimates, to abundant fishery-dependent data. Currently, RER estimates are generated for individual principal salmon rivers based on available local data and assumptions. We propose a single, consistent, transparent, and statistically robust method to estimate salmon stocks that transfers strength of information from “data-rich” rivers, i.e. those with fisheries-independent data, to “data-poor” rivers without such data. We proposed, fitted, simplified, and then validated a Beta–Binomial model of RER, including covariates representing angler and fish behaviours, river flow, and random effects to control for nuisance effects. Our “best” model revealed covariate effects in line with our hypotheses and generalized to data not used to train it. We used this model to extrapolate stock estimates from 12 data-rich to 52 data-poor rivers, together with their uncertainties. The resulting river-specific salmon stock estimates were judged to be useful and can be used as key inputs to river-specific, national, and international salmon stock assessments.
Hybrid experimental designs for joint estimation of absolute and relative retention curves for trawl gears
Authors: Millar Russell B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Methods for jointly estimating both the size-specific relative retention and absolute retention (retention probability) of two experimental trawl gears are considered. One approach would be to undertake comparative fishing of both gears, from which their comparative catchability can be estimated directly. If comparative catchability can be corrected for differing sampling effort and fishing efficiency of the two gears, then relative retention can be estimated. Furthermore, if a suitable functional form of the absolute retention curve is assumed, then estimates of absolute retention can potentially be obtained. However, these estimated retention curves are seen to have extremely large statistical variability and will not be useful in practice. On the other hand, if the gears are each fished with a non-selective control, then absolute retention can be directly estimated, from which estimates of relative retention can immediately be obtained. However, these estimates of relative retention have greater variability than would be obtained by comparative fishing with the same level of sampling effort. It is shown that a hybrid selectivity design that includes both comparative fishing of the experimental trawls and fishing with a non-selective control provides a more balanced approach. An extensive simulation study is conducted using scenarios based on recently published work on selectivity experiments targeting cod (Gadus Morhua) and hoki/blue grenadier (Macruronus novaezelandiae).
New Democracies and Commitment to Human Rights Treaties
Authors: Dai Xinyuan , Tokhi Alexandros 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most influential arguments suggests that new democracies are more inclined than others to commit to international human rights treaties. This paper examines whether new democracies are more likely to commit not only to the basic, but also to the more demanding and constraining treaties. We argue that despite the strategic utility of costly commitments, new democracies are often unwilling to pay for the increased costs of more demanding and constraining treaties. We test our argument by tackling some of the trickiest inferential challenges. We employ propensity score weighting to address the nonrandom assignment of new democracies and further specify marginal structural models to account for dynamic confounding. Our analyses reveal intriguing findings. While new democracies commit to the broad human rights conventions more quickly, they are more reluctant than established democracies to commit to the more demanding and constraining protocols.
Rapid AMR prediction in Pseudomonas aeruginosa combining MALDI–TOF MS with DNN model
Authors: Fu Jiaojiao , He Fangting , Xiao Jinming , Liao Zhengyue , He Liying , He Jing , Guo Jinlin , Liu Sijing 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant clinical pathogen that poses a substantial threat due to its extensive drug resistance. The rapid and precise identification of this resistance is crucial for effective clinical treatment. Although matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI–TOF MS) has been used for antibiotic susceptibility differentiation of some bacteria in recent years, the genetic diversity of P. aeruginosa complicates population analysis. Rapid identification of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in P. aeruginosa based on a large amount of MALDI–TOF-MS data has not yet been reported. In this study, we employed publicly available datasets for P. aeruginosa, which contain data on bacterial resistance and MALDI–TOF-MS spectra. We introduced a deep neural network model, synergized with a strategic sampling approach (SMOTEENN) to construct a predictive framework for AMR of three widely used antibiotics.

Results
The framework achieved area under the curve values of 90%, 85%, and 77% for Tobramycin, Cefepime, and Meropenem, respectively, surpassing conventional classifiers. Notably, random forest algorithm was used to assess the significance of features and post-hoc analysis was conducted on the top 10 features using Cohen’s d. This analysis revealed moderate effect sizes (d = 0.5–0.8) in Tobramycin and Cefepime models. Finally, putative AMR biomarkers were identified in this study.

Conclusions
This work presented an AMR prediction tool specifically designed for P. aeruginosa, which offers a hopeful pathway for clinical decision-making.
Compound bioengineering protein improves growth performance and intestinal health in broiler chickens under high-temperature conditions
Authors: Yin Shenggang , Su Liuzhen , Shao Quanjun , Fan Zhiyong , Tang Jiayong , Jia Gang , Liu Guangmang , Tian Gang , Chen Xiaoling , Cai Jingyi , Kang Bo , Zhao Hua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn recent years, more frequent and prolonged periods of high ambient temperature in summer compromised poultry production worldwide. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of compound bioengineering protein (CBP) on the growth performance and intestinal health of broilers under high ambient temperatures. A total of 400 one-day-old Arbor Acres birds were randomly distributed into five treatment groups: control group (CON) with basal diet, or a basal diet supplemented with CBP 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 mg/kg, respectively. The trial lasted 42 d, all birds were raised at normal ambient temperature for the first 21 d and then subjected to the artificial hyperthermal condition with the temperature at 32 ± 2 °C and relative humidity at 60 ± 5% during 22 to 42 d. Dietary CBP supplementation improved the growth performance and serum antioxidant capacity (total antioxidant capacity and total superoxide dismutase), and decreased serum cortisol, aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase of broilers. Dietary CBP inclusion enhanced intestinal barrier function by promoting intestinal morphology and reducing intestinal permeability (diamine oxidase), increased the intestinal antioxidant capacity by elevating glutathione peroxidase activity in the duodenum, reducing malondialdehyde content in the jejunum. Dietary CBP supplementation also alleviated intestinal inflammation by decreasing interleukin (IL)-6 content in the jejunum and ileum, promoting IL-10 levels in the ileum, down-regulating the mRNA abundance of intestinal inflammatory-related genes interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in the duodenum and up-regulating IL-10 in the jejunum. Additionally, CBP increased the population of total bacteria and Lactobacillus in cecal chyme. Collectively, dietary CBP inclusion exerts beneficial effects on the broilers, which are reflected by enhancing antioxidant capacity, promoting intestinal barrier function, ameliorating intestinal immune response, and regulating intestinal bacteria, thus improving the growth performance of broilers under high-temperature conditions. In general, 750 mg/kg CBP supplementation is more effective.
Simple and rapid detection of three amatoxins and three phallotoxins in human body fluids by UPLC–MS-MS and its application in 15 poisoning cases
Authors: Yang Shuo , Wen Di , Zheng Fenshuang , Pu Shanbai , Chen Zhuonan , Chen Mobing , Di Bin , Liu Wei , Shi Yan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Amatoxins and phallotoxins are toxic cyclopeptides found in the genus Amanita and are among the predominant causes of foodborne sickness and poisoning-related fatalities in China. This study introduces and validates a simple, rapid and cost-effective ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination and quantification of α-amanitin, β-amanitin, γ-amanitin, phallisacin, phallacidin and phalloidin in human blood and urine. Quick therapeutic decision-making is supported by a 9 min chromatographic separation performed on a Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 µm) using a gradient of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade water and methanol:0.005% formic acid. The analyte limit of quantification was 1–3 ng/mL in blood and 0.5–2 ng/mL in urine. Calibrations curves, prepared by spiking drug-free blood and urine, demonstrated acceptable linearity with mean correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.99 for all phallotoxins and amatoxins. Acceptable intraday and interday precision (relative standard deviation &lt;15%) and accuracy (bias, −4.8% to 13.0% for blood and—9.0% to 14.7% for urine) were achieved. The validated method was successfully applied to analyze 9 blood samples and 2 urine samples testing positive for amatoxins and/or phallotoxins. Amatoxins and/or phallotoxins were identified in each whole blood sample at a range of 1.12–5.63 ng/mL and in two urine samples from 1.01–9.27 ng/mL. The method has the benefits of simple sample preparation (protein precipitation) and wide analyte coverage, making it suitable for emergency quantitative surveillance toxicological analysis in clinics and forensic poisoning practice.
The Obligations of the States in Respect of Climate Change Before the International Court of Justice
Authors: Lamm Vanda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This analysis discusses the advisory opinion requested by the UN General Assembly from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in April 2023 on the obligations of states in respect of climate change. Although the ICJ’s decision cannot be expected before the autumn of 2024, important procedural anomalies have arisen, which require due regard to ensure that the ICJ can provide its advisory opinion in possession of sufficient information. In particular, firstly, not all Small Island Developing States have been notified by the ICJ and invited to submit written statements and, secondly, the amicus curiae provided by NGOs will be not accessible to the public. This analysis argues that all Small Island Developing States should have the opportunity to take part in the proceedings and the amicus curiae submitted by NGOs to the ICJ should receive proper publicity.
Statistical inference for complete and incomplete mobility trajectories under the flight-pause model
Authors: Jurek Marcin , Calder Catherine A , Zigler Corwin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We formulate a statistical flight-pause model (FPM) for human mobility, represented by a collection of random objects, called motions, appropriate for mobile phone tracking (MPT) data. We develop the statistical machinery for parameter inference and trajectory imputation under various forms of missing data. We show that common assumptions about the missing data mechanism for MPT are not valid for the mechanism governing the random motions underlying the FPM, representing an understudied missing data phenomenon. We demonstrate the consequences of missing data and our proposed adjustments in both simulations and real data, outlining implications for MPT data collection and design.
Sir John Gardner Wilkinson (1797–1875) in Turkish Dress, at Thebes: The Self-Fashioning of an Antiquarian Egyptologist
Authors: Frost Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century cultural practice of Britons wearing indigenous dress, as well as debate as to what motivated people to re-fashion their identity in such radical ways. Typically, these practices have been viewed either as acts of cultural appropriation, or occasionally as acts of solidarity with other cultures. This article focuses on one individual, the antiquarian Egyptologist Sir John Gardner Wilkinson (1797–1875), who wore Turkish dress whilst in Egypt, and was depicted wearing the same dress by the portrait artist Henry Wyndham Phillips, in 1843/44. Despite being reproduced in countless histories of Egyptology, archaeology and beyond, there currently exists no sustained critical analysis of Wilkinson’s relationship with this costume. I contend that Wilkinson’s choice of Turkish dress and his engagement with such clothing was both sustained and complicated. It reflected simple practicalities, but also an awareness of socio-political conditions in Egypt which were inadequately understood at an official level, due to high-handed expectations about how Britons should and should not behave, to bolster Britain’s national image abroad. At the same time, the same clothing could be interpreted differently by other audiences, and Phillips’s painting of Wilkinson – the components of which are identified for the first time – emerges as an attempt at self-fashioning on Wilkinson’s part, to cement his recently acquired status as a recognized authority about ancient Egypt. These concerns are applicable to other western scholars and travellers active in the Near East in the early nineteenth century.