bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of ATM in ataxia telangiectasia fibroblasts rescues defects in DNA double‐strand break repair in nuclear extracts
Authors: Li Yuling , Carty Michael P. , Oakley Gregory G. , Seidman Michael M. , Medvedovic Mario , Dixon Kathleen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAtaxia telangiectasia (A‐T) is a human genetic disorder characterized by progressive cerebellar degeneration, hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR), immunodeficiency, and high cancer risk. At the cellular level, IR sensitivity and increased frequency of spontaneous and IR‐induced chromosomal breakage and rearrangements are the hallmarks of A‐T. The ATM gene, mutated in this syndrome, has been cloned and codes for a protein sharing homology with DNA‐PKcs, a protein kinase involved in DNA double‐strand break (DSB) repair and DNA damage responses. The characteristics of the A‐T cellular phenotypes and ATM gene suggest that ATM may play a role similar to that of DNA‐PKcs in DSB repair and that there is a primary DNA repair defect in A‐T cells. In the current study, the function of ATM in DNA DSB repair was evaluated in an in vitro system using two plasmids, carrying either an EcoRI‐induced DSB within the lacZα gene or various endonuclease‐induced DSB in the SupF suppressor tRNA gene. We found that the DSB repair efficiency in A‐T nuclear extracts was comparable to, if not higher than, that in normal nuclear extracts. However, the repair fidelity in A‐T nuclear extracts was decreased when repairing DSB with short 5′ and 3′ overhangs (<4 base pairs (bp)) or blunt ends, but not 5′ 4‐bp overhangs. Sequencing of the mutant plasmids revealed that deletions involving 1–6 nucleotide microhomologies were the major class of mutations in both A‐T and normal extracts. However, the size of the deletions in plasmids from A‐T nuclear extracts was larger than that from normal nuclear extracts. Expression of the ATM protein in A‐T cells corrected the defect in DSB repair in A‐T nuclear extracts. These results suggest that ATM plays a role in maintaining genomic stability by preventing the repair of DSB from an error‐prone pathway. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 37:128–140, 2001 © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro prediction of carcinogenicity using a bovine papillomavirus DNA–carrying C3H/10T½ cell line (T1). II: Results from the testing of 100 chemicals
Authors: Kowalski L.A. , Assi K.P. , Wee R.K.‐H. , Madden Z. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new in vitro test for identifying carcinogens is evaluated against a testing database of 100 chemicals including the following groups: steroids, antineoplastics, PCBs, dioxins, alkyl halides, aromatic amines, nitrogen heterocycles, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, mustards, and benzodioxoles. The assay uses focus formation in a stable, BPV‐1‐DNA–carrying C3H/10T½ mouse embryo fibroblast cell line (T1), which does not require transfection, infection with virus, or isolation of primary cells from animals. For this group of chemicals, the T1 assay correctly predicted the rodent carcinogenicity or noncarcinogenicity of 77% of the chemicals for which carcinogenicity is reported. Based on published data the bacterial mutagenicity assay would have correctly predicted carcinogenicity or noncarcinogenicity of 53% of the chemicals. The Syrian hamster embryo test would have correctly predicted carcinogenicity or noncarcinogenicity of 61% of the chemicals. We also demonstrate dose–response relationships for two of the chemicals. We report the responses of T1 cells to the group of chemicals used in the International Life Sciences Institute's program for screening of alternative methods of predicting carcinogenicity. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 37:231–240, 2001 © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutagen sensitivity as an indicator of soft tissue sarcoma risk
Authors: Berwick M. , Song Y. , Jordan R. , Brady M. S. , Orlow I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe etiology of soft tissue sarcoma is poorly understood. Exposure to environmental chemicals may play a role, but the data are not clear. We compared a group of soft tissue sarcoma patients with healthy controls to determine whether the mutagen sensitivity assay, a simple chromosome aberration assay using the radiomimetic bleomycin, might be useful to identify patients at risk for soft tissue sarcoma. Patients with a diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma at Memorial Sloan–Kettering's outpatient clinic signed informed consent and donated 30 ml of blood. Controls were selected from the general population of Connecticut by random digit dialing. Unrepaired DNA damage was assessed for 100 metaphase spreads for each individual, with the number of breaks in chromatids being counted as breaks per cell (b/c). The 20 cases with soft tissue sarcoma had 1.03 mean b/c and the controls had 0.88 b/c (P = 0.16). Patients with soft tissue sarcoma were 5.7 times more likely to be mutagen sensitive than controls (P = 0.01), as determined after dividing subjects into sensitive or not sensitive groups based on the median b/c among controls. As mutagen sensitivity has been shown to be associated with a number of cancers and appears to reflect genetic susceptibility, this assay may be an appropriate biomarker for radiation sensitivity or it may be a marker of susceptibility to soft tissue sarcoma. Larger studies should be undertaken to assess these possibilities. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 38:223–226, 2001 © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developments in health and safety accounting at Baxter International
Authors: Koehler Dinah A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCost effective management relies upon a systemic and fully integrated understanding of which corporate actions lead to specific financial results. It is particularly relevant for hidden and underemphasized costs. This case study presents the efforts of corporate environment, health and safety staff at Baxter International to design a health and safety accounting system in 1998. Bringing together activity‐based costing and information technology to build an integrated data system, they have achieved an evolution beyond their benchmark environmental accounting system. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
A strength distribution criterion for minimizing torsional response of asymmetric wall‐type systems
Authors: Myslimaj B. , Tso W. K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn order to mitigate the effect of torsion during earthquakes, most seismic codes of the world provide design guidelines for strength distribution based on the traditional perception that element stiffness and strength are independent parameters. Recent studies have pointed out that for an important class of widely used structural elements such as reinforced concrete flexural walls, stiffness is a strength‐dependent parameter. This implies that the lateral stiffness distribution in a wall‐type system cannot be defined prior to the assignment of elements' strength. Consequently, stiffness eccentricity cannot be computed readily and the current codified torsional provisions cannot be implemented in a straightforward manner. In this study, an alternate guideline for strength distribution among lateral force resisting elements is presented. To develop such a guideline, certain issues related to the dynamic behaviour of asymmetric wall‐type systems during a damaging earthquake were examined. It is shown that both stiffness and strength eccentricity are important parameters affecting the seismic response of asymmetric wall‐type systems. In particular, results indicate that torsional effects can be minimized by using a strength distribution that results in the location of the centre of strength CV and the centre of rigidity CR on the opposite sides of the centre of mass CM. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐domain analysis of unbounded media using mixed‐variable formulations
Authors: Ruge P. , Trinks C. , Witte S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFormulation of a matrix‐valued force–displacement relationship which can take radiation damping into account is of major importance when modelling unbounded domains. This can be done by means of fundamental solutions in space and time in connection with convolution integrals or by means of a frequency dependent boundary element representation, but for discrete frequencies Ω only. In this paper a method for interpolating discrete values of dynamic stiffness matrices by a continuous matrix valued rational function is proposed. The coupling between interface degrees of freedom is fully preserved. Another crucial point in soil–structure interaction analysis is how to implement an approximation in the spectral domain into a time‐domain analysis. Well‐known approaches for the scalar case are based on the partial‐fraction expansion of a scalar rational function. Here, a more general procedure, applicable to MDOF‐systems, for the transformation of spectral rational approximations into the time‐domain is introduced. Evaluation of the partial‐fraction expansion is avoided by using the so‐called mixed variables. Thus, unknowns in the time‐domain are displacements as well as forces. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Response to three‐component seismic motion of arbitrary direction
Authors: Hernández Julio J. , López Oscar A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a response spectrum analysis procedure for the calculation of the maximum structural response to three translational seismic components that may act at any inclination relative to the reference axes of the structure. The formula GCQC3, a generalization of the known CQC3‐rule, incorporates the correlation between the seismic components along the axes of the structure and the intensity disparities between them. Contrary to the CQC3‐rule where a principal seismic component must be vertical, in the GCQC3‐rule all components can have any direction. Besides, the GCQC3‐rule is applicable if we impose restrictions to the maximum inclination and/or intensity of a principal seismic component; in this case two components may be quasi‐horizontal and the third may be quasi‐vertical. This paper demonstrates that the critical responses of the structure, defined as the maximum and minimum responses considering all possible directions of incidence of one seismic component, are given by the square root of the maximum and minimum eigenvalues of the response matrix R, of order 3×3, defined in this paper; the elements of R are established on the basis of the modal responses used in the well‐known CQC‐rule. The critical responses to the three principal seismic components with arbitrary directions in space are easily calculated by combining the eigenvalues of R and the intensities of those components. The ratio rmax/rSRSS between the maximum response and the SRSS response, the latter being the most unfavourable response to the principal seismic components acting along the axes of the structure, is bounded between 1 and √(3γa2/(γa2 + γb2 + γc2)), where γa⩾γb⩾γc are the relative intensities of the three seismic components with identical spectral shape. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aeolian dust dynamics in agricultural land areas in Lower Saxony, Germany
Authors: Goossens Dirk , Gross Jens , Spaan Wim 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe dynamics of fine aeolian dust emitted from agricultural land was investigated over 15 months near Grönheim, Lower Saxony, Germany. The following aspects were studied: airborne dust concentration, the ratio of mineral versus organic dust, the vertical distribution of the particles in the atmosphere, horizontal and vertically integrated horizontal dust flux, vertical dust flux, dust deposition at ground level, grain‐size distribution of the mineral dust component, and vertical distribution of organic matter in the dust. Standard meteorological parameters (wind speed and direction, precipitation) were measured as well. Dust activity in Grönheim is high in spring (March–May) and autumn (October–November) and low to very low during the rest of the year. There is a strong relationship between the periods of tillage and the intensity of dust activity. Also, there is high dust activity during wind erosion events. For the year 1999, dust emission due to tillage was 6·6 times higher than dust emission due to wind erosion. A dust transport of 15·8 ton km−1 a−1 was calculated for the first 10 m of the atmosphere in 1999. Total dust transport (in the entire mixing layer) was estimated between 16 and 20 ton km−1 a−1. About 25–30 per cent of this dust is mineral dust, emitted from the fields during tillage or during wind erosion events. In spring and autumn there is a strong vertical stratification in the airborne sediment, with much (coarse) dust in the lower air layers and significantly less (and finer) dust at higher altitudes. In summer and winter, when there is no local dust production, there is no stratification: equal amounts of dust are transported at all heights. The stratification in spring and autumn is exclusively caused by the mineral part of the dust. The organic particles are much better mixed in the atmosphere because of their lower density. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Particle travel distances and bed and sediment compositions associated with rain‐impacted flows
Authors: Kinnell P. I. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLaboratory experiments were performed with rain of uniform drop size (2·7 mm, 5·1 mm) impacting flows over non‐cohesive beds of uniform sized sand (0·11–0·9 mm) and coal (0·2–0·9 mm) particles with flow velocities (20 mm s−1, 40 mm s−1) that were insufficient for the flow to entrain the particles without the aid of raindrop impact. Measurement of particle travel distance under rain made up of 2·7 mm drops confirmed a theoretical relationship between settling velocity and the distance particles travel after being disturbed by drop impact. Although, in theory, a relationship between settling velocity and particle travel distance exists, settling velocity by itself was unable to account for the effect of changes in both particle size and density on sediment discharge from beds of uniform non‐cohesive material. Particle density was also a factor. Further study of how particle characteristics influence sediment discharge will aid modelling of the impact of the soil in process‐based models of erosion by rain‐impacted flow. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A finite volume solver for 1D shallow‐water equations applied to an actual river
Authors: Gouta N. , Maurel F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper describes the numerical solution of the 1D shallow‐water equations by a finite volume scheme based on the Roe solver. In the first part, the 1D shallow‐water equations are presented. These equations model the free‐surface flows in a river. This set of equations is widely used for applications: dam‐break waves, reservoir emptying, flooding, etc. The main feature of these equations is the presence of a non‐conservative term in the momentum equation in the case of an actual river. In order to apply schemes well adapted to conservative equations, this term is split in two terms: a conservative one which is kept on the left‐hand side of the equation of momentum and the non‐conservative part is introduced as a source term on the right‐hand side. In the second section, we describe the scheme based on a Roe Solver for the homogeneous problem. Next, the numerical treatment of the source term which is the essential point of the numerical modelisation is described. The source term is split in two components: one is upwinded and the other is treated according to a centred discretization. By using this method for the discretization of the source term, one gets the right behaviour for steady flow. Finally, in the last part, the problem of validation is tackled. Most of the numerical tests have been defined for a working group about dam‐break wave simulation. A real dam‐break wave simulation will be shown. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational study on turbulent flows around modern tanker hull forms
Authors: Kim Wu‐Joan , Kim Do‐Hyun , Van Suak‐Ho 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo enhance the applicability of CFD techniques to the hull form design of modern commercial ships, an efficient and robust numerical method for turbulent flow calculation is developed. The preprocessor is composed of hull form presentation, surface mesh generation, and field grid generation. The finite‐volume method is utilised to solve the Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations. Three k–ϵ turbulence models, i.e., the standard k–ϵ model (SKE), the RNG‐based k–ϵ model (RNG), and the realisable k–ϵ model (RKE), are evaluated to investigate the difference caused by the turbulence model. The developed numerical method is applied to two practical VLCC hull forms with the same forebody and the slightly different afterbodies in order to find out whether CFD can capture the difference of stern flow due to hull form variation. It is found that RKE successfully predict the strength and location of bilge vortex, while SKE and RNG fail. However, all three models can provide the right information on the nominal wake difference between two hull forms. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting LDC debt rescheduling: performance evaluation of OLS, logit, and neural network models
Authors: Barney Douglas K. , Alse Janardhanan A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEmpirical studies in the area of sovereign debt have used statistical models singularly to predict the probability of debt rescheduling. Unfortunately, researchers have made few efforts to test the reliability of these model predictions or to identify a superior prediction model among competing models. This paper tested neural network, OLS, and logit models' predictive abilities regarding debt rescheduling of less developed countries (LDC). All models predicted well out‐of‐sample. The results demonstrated a consistent performance of all models, indicating that researchers and practitioners can rely on neural networks or on the traditional statistical models to give useful predictions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Foreign‐Exchange Trading Volume and Federal Reserve Intervention
Authors: Chaboud Alain , LeBaron Blake 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe find a large positive correlation between daily trading volume in currency futures markets and
foreign‐exchange intervention by the Federal Reserve over the period 1979 to 1996. Neither
contemporaneous nor predicted volatility can fully account for the increases in trading activity. Whether or not
the intervention operation is publicly reported appears to be an important determinant of trading volume. ©
2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 21:851‒860, 2001
Spectral karyotyping in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and a complex karyotype shows hidden aberrations, including recurrent overrepresentation of 21q, 11q, and 22q
Authors: Mrózek Krzysztof , Heinonen Kristiina , Theil Karl S. , Bloomfield Clara D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe used spectral karyotyping (SKY) to study 29 adults with acute myeloid leukemia and a complex karyotype containing one to nine abnormalities that were not fully identifiable by G‐banding. SKY showed the origin of rings and unidentified material in unbalanced translocations in all cases and the origin of markers in most, allowing reinterpretation of 136 aberrations and discovery of three aberrations hidden in normal chromosomes. SKY confirmed 10 and refined the interpretation of three balanced aberrations recognized by G‐banding and identified another nine balanced aberrations, including a novel translocation involving the RUNX1 gene. Eleven of 32 deletions found by G‐banding were shown to be cryptic translocations or insertions, including three of four chromosome 3 deletions, two of three del(7q), and two of 12 del(5q). Of the 92 chromosomes deemed lost entirely by G‐banding, 63 (68%) were shown to be involved in structural aberrations. This was especially true for −21 (eight of eight patients), −5 (five of six patients), −20 (seven of nine patients), and −18 (six of 12 patients). Unexpectedly, SKY uncovered a hidden overrepresentation of segments from at least one chromosome in 21 patients. The most frequently overrepresented was 21q, found in eight patients, including four with high‐level 21q amplification. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that the RUNX1 gene was not the target of amplification in seven of these patients. Also frequently gained were 11q (in seven patients, including three with high‐level MLL gene amplification) and 22q (in seven patients). We conclude that SKY considerably enhances the accuracy of karyotype interpretation, and that amplification of chromosomal material may play a greater role in leukemogenesis than has been recognized. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The cancer‐related protein SSX2 interacts with the human homologue of a Ras‐like GTPase interactor, RAB3IP, and a novel nuclear protein, SSX2IP
Authors: de Bruijn Diederik R.H. , dos Santos Nuno R. , Kater‐Baats Ellen , Thijssen José , van den Berk Lieke , Stap Jiska , Balemans Matthé , Schepens Marga , Merkx Gerard , Geurts van Kessel Ad 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe SSX gene family is composed of at least five functional and highly homologous members, SSX1 to SSX5, that are normally expressed in only the testis and thyroid. SSX1, SSX2, or SSX4 may be fused to the SYT gene as a result of the t(X;18) translocation in synovial sarcoma. In addition, the SSX1, SSX2, SSX4, and SSX5 genes were found to be aberrantly expressed in several other malignancies, including melanoma. The SSX proteins are localized in the nucleus and are diffusely distributed. In addition, they may be included in polycomb‐group nuclear bodies. Other studies have indicated that the SSX proteins may act as transcriptional repressors. As a first step toward the elucidation of the cellular signaling networks in which the SSX proteins may act, we used the yeast two‐hybrid system to identify SSX2‐interacting proteins. By doing so, two novel human proteins were detected: RAB3IP, the human homolog of an interactor of the Ras‐like GTPase Rab3A; and a novel protein, SSX2IP. RAB3IP did not interact with either SSX1, SSX3, or SSX4 in the yeast two‐hybrid system, whereas SSX2IP interacted with SSX3 but not with either SSX1 or SSX4. Further analysis of deletion mutants showed that both RAB3IP and SSX2IP interact with the N‐terminal moiety of the SSX2 protein. Immunofluorescence analyses of transfected cells revealed that the RAB3IP protein is normally localized in the cytoplasm. However, coexpression of both RAB3IP and SSX2 led to colocalization of both proteins in the nucleus. Likewise, the SSX2IP protein was found to be colocalizing with SSX2 in the nucleus. By performing glutathione‐S‐transferase pull‐down assays, we found that both RAB3IP and SSX2IP interact directly with SSX2 in vitro. These newly observed protein/protein interactions may have important implications for the mechanisms underlying normal and malignant cellular growth. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.