bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Return of European National Borders
Authors: Alden Edward , Trautman Laurie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Europe is one of the few regions in the world that has codified the freedom of movement between member states as a right for its citizens. Yet in the early months of the pandemic, the response of a “borderless Europe” closely resembled that of other sovereign states around the world, upending the European way of life and severing employment and family connections. This chapter outlines the use of border restrictions not just during Covid, but also during the migrant surge in 2015 and 2016, both of which challenged foundational European principles. It takes a deep dive into the resurrection of border controls along the border of Norway and Sweden, where passport-free travel had been embraced since 1952. Despite the initial breakdown in cooperation, most European countries eased their border restrictions more quickly than the United States, Canada, and Asia did, eventually developing a common approach to controlling travel.
The Middle Phase of Treatment
Authors: Grady Melissa D. , Dombo Eileen A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter helps readers to navigate the launching of the helping process now that the treatment goals have been created and developed. It helps readers answer the question of “Now what?” after they have completed the assessment and are now expected “to do something” to help their clients reach their goals. The authors present four steps to this middle phase of treatment: identifying patterns of thought or behavior that may impact the issue being; link the patterns to the presenting problem, issue, or concern; explain how the pattern may have developed and its purpose; and help the client to develop new patterns.
Killing the Messiah
Authors: Andrade Nathanael J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Long ago, on a spring morning in Jerusalem, Pontius Pilate passed judgment on a mysterious preacher. Jesus of Nazareth was disfigured by scourges and nailed to a cross shortly after. He died in agony. The effects of this verdict have reverberated throughout the world. They have shaped two millennia of history. Yet the trial of Jesus remains shrouded in mystery even today. The New Testament Gospels are unclear about what charges Pilate judged. They also portray Pontius Pilate as embracing Jesus’ innocence before having him killed anyway. We are left with more questions than answers. Why did Pontius Pilate condemn a man he believed innocent? What was Jesus’ crime? How should we understand Pilate’s role in Jesus’ execution? What was Pilate’s path to crucifixion? Killing the Messiah: The Trial and Crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth addresses these questions.
Pilate’s Path, Jesus’ Trial
Authors: Andrade Nathanael J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Long ago, on a spring morning in Jerusalem, Pontius Pilate judged Jesus of Nazareth. He had him scourged until the bones were visible through the torn, bloody flesh of his back. He had his lacerated body affixed to a cross shortly after. Jesus died in agony and humiliation. He was killed reportedly between two other seditionists. The titulus on his cross read “King of the Jews.” These features of Jesus’ trial and death inspire nearly universal agreement. Everything else is uncertain. In the Gospel narratives, Pilate is committed to Jesus’ innocence but executes him to indulge the trial’s petitioners and audience. The Gospels generally say that Jesus was acquitted by Pilate but tortured and sent to his death anyway. Their portrayals defy plausibility. Pilate surely had legal justification for having Jesus executed as a criminal. But what was it? What was Pilate’s path to crucifixion?
Matrix Representation of Groups
Authors: Bernath Peter F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter begins with a mathematical review of matrices and vectors. The representation of symmetry operators by matrices is presented. The effect of symmetry operators on basis functions is demonstrated. Matrix representations of groups are defined, and equivalent, reducible and irreducible representations given. The Great Orthogonality Theorem for the matrix representation of groups is introduced. Characters of matrices are presented along with character tables for the main point groups.
Unmasked
Authors: Duffin Ross W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The 1613 marriage of Princess Elizabeth of England to Frederick, Count Palatine, was one of the most spectacular events of King James’s court, lavishly celebrated with banquets, tournaments, a mock sea battle, fireworks, and most notably, with masques—extravagant entertainments with elaborate sets, costumes, much dancing, and songs. Three masques have long been associated with the celebrations, but sadly, although we have the lyrics, music survives for only one song. One other song can be identified as a close partner to an existing song by the same poet/composer, Thomas Campion. Using the clue of that contrafaction, music has been found for all of the songs in all three of those masques, and a little-known fourth masque for the same occasion, in French, has been reconstructed. This book presents the complete dialogue and descriptions from each masque, along with reconstructed songs and dances, enabling a fuller understanding of what the Jacobean court audience experienced at the events. Fully staged performances of these icons of Jacobean culture are also made possible for the first time.
The Masque of the Inner Temple and Gray’s Inn (with Francis Beaumont)
Authors: Duffin Ross W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
With dialogue and lyrics by Francis Beaumont, The Masque of the Inner Temple and Gray’s Inn was presented in the Banqueting House at Whitehall Palace on the Saturday following the Palatine wedding (20 February), after being delayed from Tuesday. It was printed in quarto in 1613, but no music survives for its song lyrics. Based on the clue of Campion’s contrafact song for The Lords’ Masque, the songs in Beaumont’s masque have been reconstructed as contrafacta of existing songs, mostly by composers who were at court during the wedding week, like Thomas Campion, John Dowland, and Robert Jones. The dances for the masque, probably by John Coprario, can be identified from the Inns of Court dance manuscript (BL 10444/5) and reconstructed from their appearance in a 1617 ensemble print by the expatriate violinist William Brade. The complete masque text is included along with the reconstructed songs and dances.
Metaphysics and Its Distinctive Problem
Authors: Fiocco M. Oreste 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter characterizes metaphysics as a wholly critical discipline whose chief objective is an account of what the world is and what it comprises. Such metaphysics proceeds via the question of what a thing—of any category—is. If metaphysics is critical, if it is to provide understanding, rather than merely knowledge, any account it provides must itself be scrutinized and evaluated. This leads to a distinctive problem for the sort of wholly critical metaphysics pursued herein, viz., providing an apt account of what a thing is while assuming nothing about the world, all this. In light of this distinctive problem, the chapter critiques alternative approaches to metaphysics in contemporary discussions. It concludes that these traditional approaches neither undermine the ambitious discipline pursued in the present work nor contribute to resolving its distinctive problem. This makes pressing the need for a novel methodology in metaphysics.
Radical Ontology and Its Principles
Authors: Fiocco M. Oreste 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter shows how the preceding account of a thing illuminates the structure in the world. In particular, it makes clear that there are necessary connections among things in themselves and reveals the apt notion of fundamentality. The chapter then presents an account of what the world is. The world is not a thing per se; it is not one thing itself, just the plurality of all things. The main value of wholly critical metaphysics is the theoretical framework for all inquiry that it provides. Via this framework, this account of the world has ever so many applications, some of which are demonstrated. The chapter concludes by considering the means and extent of inquiry; how, in general, well-founded inquiry is to proceed. These considerations are useful in subsequent chapters, in the effort to understand the extent of the world and the irrefragable inconstancy and constancy herein.
Absolute Becoming and the Contingency in the World
Authors: Fiocco M. Oreste 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
New applications of prior arguments show that there are no moments subsequent to this one, now. This moment is the only one that exists. Of course, there is more to the structure in temporal reality than a single moment, for one’s experience of the world is not momentary. An account of what underlies this experience is given in terms of time itself and of absolute becoming, whereby moments come into being simpliciter. Reflecting on this continuous experience indicates there could be more to the world. What more there could be, however, differs from what is or has been. Presumably, what is to be includes contingency, an openness such that incompatible alternatives are possible. Contingency and, hence, incompatible alternatives are not present at any moment; there is no synchronic possibility, that is, the possibility of a thing being otherwise than it is at a moment at that very moment.
The God Who Did Wrong
Authors: Drake H. A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Monotheism, the belief in one God, is now the cornerstone of Jewish, Christian, and Muslim belief. But polytheism, the belief in many gods, prevailed for a much longer period of time, and is still the basis of major world religions. The advantages of monotheism are not immediately apparent. Polytheism does a much better job of explaining why bad things happen to good people, and its gods are much easier to understand and relate to. Basically, they are just like humans, except for being immortal and far more powerful. For hundreds of years attempts to introduce monotheism and religious change completely failed. Among the Iranian peoples, a powerful new understanding now called dualism was successfully introduced by the prophet Zarathustra, while a line of charismatic prophets helped the ancient Hebrews understand the enormity of their commitment to a single, all-powerful Creator.
India's Near East
Authors: Paliwal Avinash 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
India’s near east encompasses Bangladesh, Myanmar and the Indian states of the “Northeast”—Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram. Celebrated as a theatre of geo-economic connectivity typified by India’s “Act East” policy, the region is key not only to India’s great-power rivalry with China, which first boiled over in the 1962 war, but to the idea(s) of India itself. It is also one of the most intricately partitioned lands anywhere on Earth. Rent by communal and class violence, the region has birthed extreme forms of religious and ethnic nationalisms and communist movements. The Indian state’s survival instinct and pursuit of regional hegemony have only accentuated such extremes. This book scripts a new history of India’s eastward-looking diplomacy and statecraft. Narrated against the backdrop of separatist resistance within India’s own northeastern states, as well as rivalry with Beijing and Islamabad in Yangon and Dhaka, it offers a simple but compelling argument. The aspirations of “Act East” mask an uncomfortable truth: India privileges political stability over economic opportunity in this region. In his chronicle of a state’s struggle to overcome war, displacement and interventionism, Avinash Paliwal lays bare the limits of independent India’s influence in its near east.
Summary of ‘An aphasiologist has a stroke’ *
Authors: Goldfarb R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter presents a series of 12 articles reflecting different types of stroke. Article 1 discusses a cognitive neuropsychologist’s right anterior cortical stroke. Article 2 explores a general practitioner’s right hemisphere stroke. Article 3 narrates a nurse’s experience following a left frontal stroke, whereas Article 4 reflects on a late professor and classical pianist’s experience with a right parietal stroke. Article 5 describes a radiologist’s encounter with an acute right hemisphere stroke. Article 6 provides insight into a neuropsychologist’s life after a ruptured left frontal arteriovenous malformation that occurred at the age of 19 years. Article 7 details a psychiatrist’s episode of transient global amnesia. Article 8 recounts a nephrologist who suffered a cerebellar infarct. Article 9 examines an aphasiologist’s stroke affecting the brainstem. Article 10 reports on a cardiologist’s embolic stroke involving the cerebellum. Article 11 outlines the consequences of a neuroscientist’s brainstem infarct. Finally, Article 12 shares a nurse’s perspective on a right parietal lobe stroke.
Summary of ‘Neurologist faces his Alzheimer diagnosis, determined to lessen stigma surrounding the disease [Interview of Dr Gibbs by Ms Rubin]’ *
Authors: Rubin R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter brings together 17 narratives from those having to deal with dementia. Article 1 features a professor recounting early Alzheimer's symptoms. Article 2 discusses a GP's Alzheimer's and heart problems. Articles 3 and 4 include a neurologist's observations and reflections related to his Alzheimer's Disease. Articles 5 and 6 describe a neurologist's Parkinson's Disease (PD). Article 7 details a professor's fluctuating Parkinson's symptoms, whilst Article 8 shares a surgeon's PD experiences and effective treatment. Articles 9 and 10 see a doctor reflecting on early PD symptoms and patient-inspired insights. Article 11 provides a physician's insights on his PD's daily life impact. Article 12 by a physician, discusses PD, Lewy Body Dementia, and its effect on his identity. Article 13 narrates a neurologist's Lewy Body Dementia encounter. Articles 14 and 15 present a hepatologist's PD and Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. Articles 16 and 17 discuss the experiences with Primary Progressive Aphasia of a scientist and a physician respectively.
Summary of ‘Visiting the sadness’ *
Authors: Beier M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter compiles six articles that provide a window into the varied experiences of those with multiple sclerosis (MS). Article 1 discusses a young postgraduate student in psychology grappling with the progressive form of MS, a variant less common than the typical relapsing–remitting type. Article 2 tells the story of a doctor who works as both an oncologist and a haematologist, and whose long history with MS intersects poignantly with personal loss. Article 3 is about a young lady who has a master’s in public health and works in a university setting. She describes the unique challenges in facing MS as a Pakistani-American, providing insights into the challenges of having a condition more prevalent in Western countries. Article 4 reveals how an obstetrician and gynaecologist navigates her professional duties while managing MS symptoms. Article 5 presents a physician’s account of living with MS and the complexities of treatment. Finally, Article 6 features a medical researcher’s reflections on the profound impact of good communication, or the lack thereof, in the journey with MS.
The ‘Jupiterian’ Risk in Democratic Representation
Authors: Diehl Paula 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
When political representatives communicate, they use their bodies. They perform institutional and social roles, lifestyles, social and political identities. Such performances of representation stage visions of the political and suggest a specific relationship between the representative and the represented. Following Claude Lefort, the democratic mise en scène of the political is characterized by the symbolization of the empty place of power and cannot tolerate embodiment. However, while Lefort’s normative account sheds light on the challenges of performing democracy, it fails to provide criteria for examining body performances of democratic representation: how can the body of political representatives symbolize democracy without embodying power, the people, and the state? What follows from the idea of the empty place of power for the examination of the body performances of political representatives? The chapter addresses these questions by examining the case of Emmanuel Macron.
Introduction
Authors: Gottschalk Petter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter introduces characteristics of scandals and crises, as well as characteristics of the social license. A scandal refers to an unexpected, publicly known, and harmful event that has high levels of initial uncertainty, interferes with the normal operation of an organization, and generates widespread, intuitive, and negative perceptions externally. A scandal can develop into a crisis, where a crisis refers to a fundamental threat to the organization, which is often characterized by ambiguity of cause, effect, and means of resolution. Recovery after a crisis refers to return to a state of regained social license to operate. The social license represents stakeholders’ acceptance of organizational activities. Conformance refers to meeting and potentially exceeding societal and other informal norms and obligations. Conformance characterizes voluntary actions that constitute a response to social and normative expectations.
Violating the Social License
Authors: Gottschalk Petter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter introduces the characteristics of scandals and crises, as well as those of the social license. A scandal refers to an unexpected, publicly known, and harmful event that has high levels of initial uncertainty, interferes with the normal operation of an organization, and generates widespread, intuitive, and negative perceptions externally. A scandal can develop into a crisis, where there is a fundamental threat to the organization, often characterized by an ambiguity of cause, effect, and means of resolution. Recovery after a crisis refers to the return to a state where the social license can operate. The social license represents stakeholders’ acceptance of the activities of an organization. Conformance refers to a position where societal and other informal norms and obligations are met and potentially exceeded. Conformance is characterized by voluntary actions that constitute a response to social and normative expectations.
University Rotuli of Supplication before Submission to the Pope
Authors: Courtenay William J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses supplication rotuli, which are rolls containing petitions to the pope by masters at Paris and other universities asking for financial support in the form of a benefice. The rolls that are known are those that were recorded in the Registers of Supplication in the Vatican Archives. Meanwhile, those from the University of Paris has been the principal source for knowledge of such rotuli. The chapter begins by considering the steps in the process of submitting a rotulus to the pope, using Paris as the example. It then looks at a few pre-submission drafts of rolls from the University of Cambridge in 1371, 1390, and 1399. The chapter also presents an edition of the draft rotulus prepared by the Picard nation in the faculty of arts at the University of Paris in 1414.
Protest Song, Tradition, and the Performativity of Resistance in the Palestinian National Movement
Authors: McDonald David A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter critically investigates the Palestinian crisis through an ethnographic analysis of music and musicians, protest songs, and other expressive cultural practices. Based on this analysis, a broadly construed theorization of political protest song is badly needed not only to advance our thinking on the dynamics of music performance and political engagement but also to further our understanding of the larger affective, agential, group-forming capacities of musical thought and behavior. Drawing insight from the lives and experiences of several Palestinian artists and activists, the chapter discusses the prosocial aspects of Palestinian protest songs, focusing on the myriad ways in which genre, affect, and performance provide compelling resources for the embodiment of transgressive social action and larger political solidarities.
Introduction: Rethinking Protest Music
Authors: Drott Eric , Manabe Noriko 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This introductory chapter argues for a reconsideration of protest music, expanding its scope beyond songs with explicit political lyrics. It situates the recent proliferation of protest music studies within the intensification of global social movements since 2009 and disciplinary shifts in music and social movement studies. Moving beyond a narrow focus on protest music’s communicative functions, the authors propose examining its affective force, pragmatic effects, and organizational role in collective action as well. The introduction outlines the Handbook’s key themes—issues of definition, historical memory, voice, social organization, spaces of protest, and intertextuality—and calls for cross-disciplinary dialogue to generate new insights into the complex ways music and sound intersect with activism. That protest music continually adapts to changing political struggles also means that efforts to define it will necessarily be provisional, requiring that the study of protest music be as open-ended and flexible as its object.
The Problems of Polysemy
Authors: Borg Emma 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A polysemous word has multiple, related senses; for example ‘lamb’ meaning the animal and the meat, ‘door’ meaning the aperture and the physical entity blocking the aperture, and so on. Polysemy is widespread throughout natural language—indeed for any term, if it is not already polysemous, it seems we can imagine it becoming so. Yet, despite its apparent ubiquity, polysemy is hard to define and hard to theoretically model. These difficulties, however, have not stopped polysemy from playing a central role in arguments for so-called ‘semantic internalism’ (the idea that linguistic meaning should be specified in non-world-involving terms). This chapter investigates the phenomenon of polysemy and the extent to which it provides an argument for semantic internalism. I individuate four different kinds of approach to polysemy and conclude by suggesting that it is perhaps harder to get an argument for semantic internalism from polysemy than is sometimes supposed.
Future Displacement and Modality
Authors: Cariani Fabrizio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Among the most remarkable features of human language is that it offers speakers the ability to represent situations that go beyond the ‘here and now’ of any one conversational situation. Following Hockett, this is called ‘displacement’. This chapter focuses specifically on temporal displacement. An example of temporal displacement, but not the only such example, is tense. I examine with particular attention the relationship between tense and modality. After running through standard arguments for ascribing to will some element of modality, we show this in detail by developing an analysis of will on which it operates at this dual level. In conclusion, the thesis emerges that tense and modality are best not understood as incompatible categories.