bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histologic Changes in Ruptured Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Hayashi Kei , Frank Joseph D. , Dubinsky Caron , Hao Zhengling , Markel Mark D. , Manley Paul A. , Muir Peter 
Published: June 2003

Objectives—To determine changes to the cells and collagenous and amorphous extracellular matrix (ECM) structure in ruptured canine cranial cruciate ligaments (CCL).Study Design—Prospective clinical study.Animals—CCL specimens obtained from 29 dogs with ruptured CCL and 6 young dogs with intact CCL.Methods—Ligament fibroblast number density and phenotype were determined in the core and epiligamentous regions. ECM birefringence and crimp structure in the core region were also studied.Results—Loss of fibroblasts from the core region of ruptured CCL was seen (P< .001), whereas, in the epiligamentous region, cell number densities were similar in ruptured and intact CCL (P= .7). In ruptured CCL, numbers of typical ligament fibroblasts (fusiform and ovoid cells) were decreased, and numbers of cells exhibiting chondroid transformation (spheroid cells) were increased in the core region (P< .001). Expansion of the volume of the epiligamentous region was also seen, although bridging scar tissue was not seen between the ends of ruptured CCL. The structure of the ECM collagen in the core region was extensively disrupted in ruptured CCL. This was, in part, because of decreased birefringence and elongation of the crimp in the remaining collagen fibers when compared with intact CCL (P< .01).Conclusions—Extensive alterations to the cell populations and collagenous ECM structure were seen in ruptured CCL. Although a proliferative epiligamentous repair response was seen in ruptured CCL, there was a lack of any bridging scar between the ruptured ends of the CCL.Clinical Relevance—The cellular and ECM changes in ruptured CCL that we have described appear to result from the cumulative effects of remodeling and adaptation to mechanical loading and microinjury. Treatment of early cruciate disease in dogs will need to inhibit or reverse these progressive changes to CCL tissue, which are directly associated with partial or complete structural failure of the CCL under conditions of normal activity.
Elution of Metronidazole and Gentamicin from Polymethylmethacrylate Beads
Authors: Ramos Jose R. , Howard Rick D. , Pleasant R. Scott , Moll H. David , Blodgett Dennis J. , Magnin Geraldine , Inzana Thomas J. 
Published: June 2003

Objective—To characterize the elution and bioactivity of metronidazole and gentamicin sulfate polymerized, individually and in combination, with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).Study Design—In vitro experimental study.Methods—PMMA beads containing metronidazole (3 concentrations), gentamicin sulfate, or metronidazole and gentamicin sulfate were immersed in 5 mL of phosphate‐buffered saline in triplicate. Eluent was replaced at specified time intervals for 1 or 21 days, and antibiotic concentrations were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Changes in antibiotic bioactivity attributable to polymerization or copolymerization of the antibiotics with PMMA, ethylene oxide sterilization, and storage of AIPMMA beads containing metronidazole were evaluated.Results—Antibiotic elution patterns were similar for all groups. Day 1 elution for groups containing metronidazole or gentamicin individually represented a mean 63%‐66% and 79%, respectively, of the 21‐day total. Approximately 50% of the day 1 elution occurred during the first hour. The elution of metronidazole was dose dependent. The elution of metronidazole (day 3–21) and gentamicin (all days) was significantly greater when metronidazole and gentamicin were combined (P< .05). The addition of metronidazole delayed polymerization of PMMA. Neither polymerization nor copolymerization of metronidazole and gentamicin with PMMA, gas sterilization, or 2‐month storage of beads containing metronidazole significantly affected antimicrobial bioactivity.Conclusions—Metronidazole elution from PMMA was dose dependent. Copolymerization of metronidazole and gentamicin sulfate in PMMA resulted in increased rates of elution. Intraoperative preparation of metronidazole‐impregnated PMMA beads is not practical, but sterilization and storage for 2 months should not affect efficacy.Clinical Relevance—The local delivery of biologically active metronidazole and gentamicin by elution from PMMA is feasible.
Comparison of the Incidence of Residual Shunting Between Two Surgical Techniques Used for Ligation of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in the Dog
Authors: Stanley Bryden J. , Luis‐Fuentes Virginia , Darke Peter G. G. 
Published: June 2003

Objective—To compare the incidence of residual patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) flow after ligation using 2 different dissection techniques: a standard dissection and a method described by Jackson and Henderson.Study Design—A randomized, prospective study.Animals—Thirty‐five dogs admitted for surgical correction of a left to right shunting PDA.Methods—Dogs were randomly assigned: 19 to a standard dissection technique (group S) and 16 to the Jackson and Henderson dissection group (group JH).Results—Gender ratio, age at surgery, and diameter of the ductus were not statistically different between groups. Breed distribution was also similar. Because 1 dog had fatal intraoperative hemorrhage, only 34 dogs were available for residual flow comparisons. Twenty‐one percent of group S dogs had residual flow compared with 53% in group JH. Whereas no intraoperative complications occurred in group S, 3 were encountered in group JH.Conclusions—The incidence of residual flow was higher when the Jackson and Henderson dissection was used for PDA ligation compared with a standard method of dissection. This was probably because of entrapment of loose connective tissue within the medial aspect of the ligature, impeding complete closure of the ductus.Clinical Relevance—Ideal PDA closure should result in no residual ductal flow to prevent possible adverse long‐term sequelae, such as recanalization and infective endocarditis.
Concurrent Use of a Medial Saphenous Fasciocutaneous Free Tissue Flap and External Skeletal Fixation for Treatment of a Distal Antebrachial Injury in a Dog
Authors: Sereda Colin W. , Lanz Otto I. , Cross Alan R. , Anderson Gregory M. 
Published: June 2003

Objective— To report the surgical management of a traumatic distal antebrachial wound using a medial saphenous fasciocutaneous free tissue flap and a type I external skeletal fixator (ESF).Study Design— Case report.Animals— A 7‐year‐old spayed, female Labrador retriever.Results— Wound coverage and pancarpal arthrodesis were accomplished during a single anesthetic episode using a medial saphenous fasciocutaneous free tissue flap and type I ESF. A second surgical procedure was performed to expedite healing of part of the original wound that was initially left to heal by second intention.Conclusions— Free tissue transfer can be used in combination with an ESF for repair of distal antebrachial wounds, allowing orthopedic repair and soft tissue coverage in a single anesthetic episode.Clinical Relevance— Concurrent use of free tissue transfer and carpal arthrodesis with an ESF could be used for repair of complex antebrachial wounds without need for multiple procedures, extended hospitalization, and increased cost.
Retrospective Analysis of Canine Miniature Total Hip Prostheses
Authors: Warnock Jennifer J. , Dyce Jonathan , Pooya Hooman , Schulz Kurt S. 
Published: June 2003

Objective—To determine the practicality and clinical outcome of miniature total hip replacement (THR) in dogs.Study Design—Retrospective study.Sample Population—Seventeen client‐owned dogs that had miniature THR.Methods—Patient data surveyed included signalment, body weight, diagnosis, implant size, surgical technique, and intraoperative and postoperative complications. Radiographic evaluation included angle of lateral opening of the acetabular component, implant positioning, cement mantle quality, and femoral displacement measurement and ratio. Client questionnaire and orthopedic examination were used to obtain long‐term follow‐up information.Results—Miniature THR was performed to address hip dysplasia and secondary osteoarthritis. In 1 dog, a staged bilateral procedure was performed. Mean body weight was 19 kg (range, 12 to 25 kg). Penetration or fissure of the femoral cortex was the most common intraoperative complication and occurred in 3 dogs. In 3 dogs, there was excessive coxofemoral laxity after reduction of the prosthesis. This instability was addressed specifically in 2 dogs by capsulorrhaphy or capsular prosthesis. Postoperative convalescent complications (craniodorsal luxation, 2 dogs; acetabular cup displacement, 1 dog) were related to surgical errors. Aseptic loosening of the femoral implant was diagnosed in 1 dog at 18 months. Mean follow‐up time was 17 months (range, 4 to 42 months). Fifteen of 18 (83%) miniature THRs had good or excellent outcomes.Conclusions—Miniature THR should be considered a satisfactory alternative to femoral head and neck ostectomy in medium‐size dogs affected by hip dysplasia and secondary osteoarthritis. The population of medium‐size dogs that might derive more benefit from THR than FHO has yet to be defined.Clinical Relevance—Miniature THR is a viable treatment option in medium‐size dogs with hip dysplasia.
Effect of Dorsal Hip Loading, Sedation, and General Anesthesia on the Dorsolateral Subluxation Score in Dogs
Authors: Todhunter Rory J. , Bertram John E. , Smith Scott , Farese James P. , Williams Alma Jo , Manocchia Adriano , Erb Hollis N. , Dykes Nathan L. , Burton‐Wurster Nancy I. , Lust George 
Published: June 2003

Objective—To determine whether dorsal loading of the pelvis and type of chemical restraint affected the dorsolateral subluxation (DLS) score of dog hips.Study Design—In vivo testing of diagnostic method.Animals—Labrador retrievers, Greyhounds, and crosses between both breeds (n = 119dogs).Methods—Dorsal load was applied to the hips through a strap that was placed over the hips, and the peak vertical and steady‐state vertical, ground‐reaction forces exerted on the stifles were measured in the DLS position. The DLS score was measured with their hips under dorsal load and compared with the DLS score without load. For 24 dogs, the DLS score was measured both under chemical restraint (medetomidine) and under general anesthesia. Wilcoxon‐signed rank test and pairedttest was used to compare effects of dorsal load and restraint method on the left and right DLS hip score, andP< .05was considered significant.Results—Both stifles together accepted median 15% body weight in the vertical plane in the unloaded steady state. Loading the hips increased the steady‐state, vertical ground‐reaction force to 34% body weight. At 8 months of age, loading significantly decreased the DLS score from 65%± 11% (mean ± SD) to 60%± 12% for left hips and 66%± 11% to 63%± 13% for right hips. The left hip DLS score was affected by load more consistently than the right hip. In general, loading the hips decreased the DLS score in all breeds by 4% to 6% except for the greyhounds, in which the DLS score was unchanged by dorsal loading. When grouped by their DLS scores, load significantly decreased DLS scores in dogs with unloaded scores greater than 55% (nondysplastic), whereas DLS scores of dogs with unloaded scores between 55% and 45% (dysplastic) and less than 45% did not change significantly with load. Unloaded scores did not change significantly when compared under sedation versus general anesthesia. However, load significantly decreased the DLS score under general anesthesia for the left hip but not for the right hip.Conclusions—Less than half of the vertical ground‐reaction force normally exerted by the hindlegs of a standing dog was sufficient to induce hip subluxation in the DLS position. Although dorsal loading approximately doubled the steady‐state, vertical ground‐reaction force, the decrease in the DLS score under load was never greater than 6%. Furthermore, the DLS scores of dogs most likely to be dysplastic (based on DLS scores <45%) were not affected by load, whereas load slightly decreased DLS cores of dogs with DLS scores greater than 55%.Clinical Relevance—External influences can change the DLS score significantly, but the magnitude of change is unlikely to be of clinical importance, making the method useful as a field screening test for both dysplastic and nondysplastic hips in young dogs.
Inflammatory Polyps of the Middle Ear in 5 Dogs
Authors: Pratschke Kathryn M. 
Published: June 2003

Objective—To describe inflammatory polyps of the middle ear in 5 dogs.Study Design—Case series.Animals—Five dogs with ear disease.Methods—Medical records (1995–2001) were reviewed to identify dogs with inflammatory polyps of the middle ear. Signalment, clinical signs, ancillary diagnostic procedures, treatment, postoperative complications, and outcome were recorded. Owners and referring veterinarians were contacted to document outcome.Results—Dogs with inflammatory polyps of the middle ear were male and aged 4 to 13 years. Two dogs had bilateral polyps, whereas 3 had unilateral polyps. The most common clinical presentation was otitis externa and media, with radiographic evidence of otitis media. Polyps were treated by ventral bulla osteotomy (VBO) in 1 dog and total ear canal ablation with lateral bulla osteotomy (TECA‐LBO) in 4 dogs. Polyps consisted of a fibrovascular stroma infiltrated with neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. The overlying epithelium was frequently ulcerated. Immediate postoperative complications included a seroma after VBO (1 dog) and transient unilateral facial nerve paralysis after bilateral TECA‐LBO (1 dog). No recurrence occurred within 9 to 69 months.Conclusions—Unilateral or bilateral, inflammatory polyps can occur in the middle ear of dogs in association with otitis externa and media. No recurrence occurred after surgical removal of the polyps.Clinical Relevance—Inflammatory polyps of the middle ear in dogs can be a cause of otitis externa/media. Surgical removal of aural polyps has a good prognosis.
Detailed glycan analysis of serum glycoproteins of patients with congenital disorders of glycosylation indicates the specific defective glycan processing step and provides an insight into pathogenesis
Authors: Butler Michael , Quelhas D. , Critchley Alison J. , Carchon Hubert , Hebestreit Holger F. , Hibbert Richard G. , Vilarinho Laura , Teles E. , Matthijs Gert , Schollen Els , Argibay Pablo , Harvey David J. , Dwek Raymond A. , Jaeken Jaak , Rudd Pauline M. 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
The fundamental importance of correct protein glycosylation is abundantly clear in a group of diseases known as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs). In these diseases, many biological functions are compromised, giving rise to a wide range of severe clinical conditions. By performing detailed analyses of the total serum glycoproteins as well as isolated transferrin and IgG, we have directly correlated aberrant glycosylation with a faulty glycosylation processing step. In one patient the complete absence of complex type sugars was consistent with ablation of GlcNAcTase II activity. In another CDG type II patient, the identification of specific hybrid sugars suggested that the defective processing step was cell type–specific and involved the mannosidase III pathway. In each case, complementary serum proteome analyses revealed significant changes in some 31 glycoproteins, including components of the complement system. This biochemical approach to charting diseases that involve alterations in glycan processing provides a rapid indicator of the nature, severity, and cell type specificity of the suboptimal glycan processing steps; allows links to genetic mutations; indicates the expression levels of proteins; and gives insight into the pathways affected in the disease process.
The Role of Space as Both a Conflict Trigger and a Conflict Control Mechanism in Culturally Heterogeneous Workgroups
Authors: Ayoko Oluremi B. , J. Härtel Charmine E. 
Published: June 2003

Les travaux sur les groupes de travail culturellement hétérogènes (CHW) abondent en exemples de performances insatisfaisantes dues à des difficultés relationnelles. Bien qu’il soit universellement admis que la culture est à l’origine de l’interprétation que les gens donnent des comportements et de leur style d’interation avec autrui sur leur lieu de travail, ce qui reste ambigu, ce sont les déclencheurs des conflits. On défend ici la thése selon laquelle de normes culturelles différentes et une perception spécifique des espaces psychologique et physique sont des déclencheurs majeurs de conflits dan les CHW. Les résultats d’une étude de terrain corroborent l’idée que des points de vue différents sur l’utilisation de l’espace, l’impossibilité d’échapper aux autres, le rétrécissement de l’espace interpersonnel et l’invasion de la sphère privée influencent la relation entre la diversité culturelle dan le groupe de travail et le type, la fréquence et la durée des cas de conflit dans les CHW. Cet article représente une premiere étape dans l’élucidation du rôle de l’espace dans les interactions transculturelles sur le lieu de travail et montre que l’espace peut devenir pour les managers de groupes de travail culturellement diversifiés un outil de contrôle des conflits potentiellement efficace.The diversity literature is replete with examples of poor outcomes in Culturally Heterogeneous Workgroups (CHWs) caused by relational difficulties. Although it is widely recognised that culture shapes people's interpretation of behavior and their style of interaction with others in the workplace, what is ill understood is what the specific conflict triggers of these conflicts are. In this paper, we argue that differences in cultural norms and views of physical and psychological space are major triggers of conflict in CHWs. Findings from a field study support the proposition that different viewpoints regarding the use of space, the inability to retreat from exposure to others, decreased interpersonal space, and privacy invasion moderate the relationship between cultural diversity in the workgroup and the type, frequency, and duration of conflict events in CHWs. The paper represents a first step in elucidating the role of space in cross‐cultural interactions in the workplace and how space may be a potentially important conflict control mechanism for managers of culturally diverse workgroups.
Experiencing Diversity, Conflict, and Emotions in Teams
Authors: Garcia‐Prieto Patricia , Bellard Erwan , Schneider Susan C. 
Published: June 2003

La diversité culturelle des équipes de travail a d’abord été définie à partir des catégories dont relève chaque membre. La thèse centrale de cet article est que la diversité renvoie à une expérience subjective des catégories sociales auxquelle le membres ont le sentiment d’appartenir. Ces catégories (ou indentités sociales) deviennent plus ou moins prégnantes dan différents contextes et à différentes périodes. Nous proposons un modèle de la diversité culturelle dans les équipes qui montre à quelles conditions ces identitiés sociales deviennent prégnantes et de quelle façon elles peuvent influencer l’évaluation des résultats et des événements, ce qui peut entraîner des retombées sur les émotions et les conflits. Cette approche dynamique de la diversité nous procure une meilleure compréhension de la ‘boite noire’, des processus cognitifs et affectifs qui peuvent avoir un impact sur la performance de groupe.Diversity in teams has been previously defined in terms of the nominal categories into which team members “fall”. The core argument of this paper is that diversity is a subjective experience of social categories to which members “feel” they belong. These categories, or social identities, may become more or less salient in different contexts and at different times. We propose a model of diversity in teams that explains under what conditions these social identities become salient and how these social identities may influence appraisals of issues and events. These appraisals, in turn, can influence conflict and emotion. This dynamic view of diversity provides us with a better understanding of the “black box”—the cognitive and affective processes that may help to explain behavior and subsequently team performance.
Conflict Resolution in the Culturally Diverse Workplace: Some Data from Hong Kong Employees
Authors: Chan Darius K.‐S. , Goto Sharon G. 
Published: June 2003

L’objectif de la présente recherche était l’étude de la façon dont la distance sociale perçue par des salariés de Hong Kong affecte leurs attributions et perceptions d’une situation de conflit, ainsi que leurs choix des procédures de résolution du conflit. 122 autochtones ayant affirmé avoir des contacts interculturels dans le cadre de leur emploi ont lu un scénario décrivant une discussion professionnelle impliquant un salarié local et un supérieur qui était de Hong Kong, des Etats‐Unis ou de Chine continentale. On leur demandait alors d’imaginer qu’ils étaient l’employé local et de remplir un questionnaire conçu pour évaluer les dimensions sus‐mentionnées. La mesure de la distance sociale montre que, comme prévu, ces sujets se sentaient plus proches de leur compatriote que de l’Américain ou du Chinois continental. De plus, la perception de la distance sociale était liée à cette de la situation, à l’attribution des responsabilités et à la résolution du conflit. On analyse les retombées théoriques et pratiques de ces résultats sur la gestion des conflits interculturels et sur la construction social des catégories courantes portant sur la diversité culturelle.The present study was designed to examine how perceived social distance affects Hong Kong employees’ attributions and perceptions of a conflict situation, and their choices of conflict resolution procedures. One hundred and twenty‐two local workers who reported having intercultural contacts in their jobs read a scenario of a workplace dispute involving a local employee and a superior who was either from Hong Kong, the US, or Mainland China. They were then asked to imagine that they were the local employee in that situation and to complete a questionnaire that was designed to measure the above constructs. Results of the social distance measure suggest that, as expected, these participants were closest to fellow Hong Kong Chinese, and were more distant with people from the US and Mainland China. In addition, differences in perceived social distance were associated with how they perceived the conflict situation, attributed responsibilities, and resolved the conflict if they were in such a situation. Both theoretical and applied implications of these findings for conflict management in culturally diverse workplaces are discussed, as well as the social construction of commonly used diversity categories.