bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parallel-plate rheology of latex films bonded to wood
Authors: López-Suevos Francisco , Frazier Charles E. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
A parallel-plate rheological analysis was developed for two types of cross-linking poly(vinyl acetate) latex films: solid freestanding films (neat), and solid films bonded directly to wood substrates (composites). The composite sample glass transition was increased by 5°C relative to the neat films, suggesting a strong interaction through polymer adsorption. Time-temperature equivalence was used to evaluate the mechanical response and the distribution of relaxation times in both systems. The resulting master curves revealed significant differences in the mechanical response during the glass transition: the neat films exhibited a 2.5–3-decade change in storage modulus and a damping factor of 1.65, while the composite samples showed a much smaller transition (approx. 0.3 decades and tan δ=0.4, respectively). The coupling model of Plazek and Ngai adequately described segmental relaxations in the glass transition. It was found that wood caused a small but significant decrease in segmental coupling (n=0.32±0.01) relative to that of the neat PVAc films (n=0.37±0.01). This finding was independently confirmed by directly fitting the Gram-Charlier statistical model to evaluate the distribution breadth. That wood caused an increase in the poly(vinyl acetate) glass transition, but a decrease in the related segmental coupling seems counterintuitive. The decrease in segmental coupling may result from reduced cross-linking in the composite films relative to the neat films; perhaps wood absorbs water-soluble reactive chains that would otherwise increase cross-linking in the neat films.
Decay fungi from playground wood products in service using 28S rDNA sequence analysis
Authors: Kim Gyu-Hyeok , Lim Young Woon , Song Yun-Sang , Kim Jae-Jin 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
In order to establish integrated control strategies of wood degradation, a systematic survey of basidiomycete decay fungi colonizing various wood products in service is a prerequisite to increasing the service life of wood products. As a first step, we initiated a thorough survey of basidiomycete decay fungi colonizing playground wood products. For accurate fungal identification, traditional methods were complemented with molecular methods, including a BLAST search for large-subunit 28S rDNA sequences in Genbank and phylogenetic analysis. A total of 132 basidiomycete fungi, including 30 different fungal taxa, were isolated from 35 playgrounds in 15 different areas. Eight species, Bjerkandera adusta, Ceriporia lacerata, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Peniophora sp., Phanerochaete sordida, Schizophyllum commune, Sisto-trema brinkmannii, and Trametes versicolor, were predominantly isolated. A combination of traditional and molecular tools allowed a more detailed identification and diversity.
Fluorescence Imaging of Reactive Processes
Authors: Kaminski Clemens 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy has emerged as the most powerful analytical tool to image reactive processes in a variety of systems. The purpose of the article is to review state-of-the-art example applications from a variety of research fields, which make use of LIF imaging for the visualisation of chemical reactions. Examples range from gas phase diagnostics of reacting flows to biomedical applications. There is a growing trend in the spectroscopy community to “work across disciplines” and one aim of this article is to highlight common principles behind seemingly unconnected research applications and to provide an incentive for spectroscopists to find novel application areas for their techniques and to point them to relevant literature.
Studies on Hydrophobic Interaction from the Conductometric Studies of Medicinal Compounds (as Salts)
Authors: Mandal (Karan) Rupasri , Gangopadhyay J. , Lahiri Sujit Chandra 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
The Λ0 values and association constants of some salts of medicinal interest in aqueous solution have been determined. The division of Λ0 of salts into single ion values λ0
+ and λ0
− have been made using λ0
Na+ and λ0
Cl− values from the literature. The Λ0, λ0
+ and λ0
− values have been found to be fairly high in aqueous solution and comparatively lesser than those in acetonitrile. Most of the drugs have been found to be dissociated as ions though association of some of the salts has been observed. The calculations of r
± of ions in water show considerable decrease in the radii values of ions in water from which inference regarding the extent of hydrophobic interactions can be made.
CO Oxidation over the Perovskite-Like Oxides La2−xSrxMO4 (x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0; M = Cu, Ni): A Study from Cyclic Voltammetry
Authors: Zhu Junjiang , Zhao Zhen , Xiao Dehai , Li Jing , Yang Xiangguang , Wu Yue 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Correlations between the catalytic performance and the electrochemical properties in heterogeneous catalysis were observed, using perovskite-like oxides La2−xSrxMO4 (x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, M = Cu, Ni) as the model catalysts and CO oxidation as the probe reaction. For a reaction that contains reducing agent in the feed gas, the activity depends mainly on the area of redox peak in the CV curves, while has no much relation to the symmetry of the redox potentials. The irreversible cycle in the first CV curves of LaSrCuO4 suggested that the first step of the reaction is adsorption, corresponding to Mn+ (Cu2+) to M(n+1)+ (Cu3+).
Voltammetric and Spectroscopic Studies on the Interaction of Pentoxifylline with Cysteine in the Presence and Absence of UV Irradiation
Authors: Biçer Ender , Çinar Elif 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
The interaction of pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative drug, with cysteine on the hanging mercury drop electrode studied by square-wave voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry and UV-Vis spectroscopy at phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) in the presence and absence of UV irradiation. The addition of PTX to cysteine solution results in the decrease of peak currents of mercurous cysteine thiolate and the shift of its voltammetric reversible peak towards positive potentials. Electrochemical data indicated a 1:1 molecular complex formation of PTX with cysteine by means of electrostatic interaction and intermolecular forces. For the long UV irradiation times (25–85 min), voltammogram of the cysteine solution gave the reduction peaks of sulphonyl radical (−0.056 V), disulfidic anion (−0.684 V) and free cystine (−0.800 V) due to probably the formation of thiyl radical. With adding of PTX to the UV irradiated cysteine solution, a new peak at −0.292 V was observed. The peak at −0.292 V was also obtained for the cysteine and PTX mixture under UV irradiation, but the peaks of sulphonyl radical and disulphidic anion were no seen. As a result, this irreversible peak at −0.292 V may be assigned to the reduction of an electroactive species which is formed from PTX–cysteine complex under UV irradiation. PTX prevents the formation of thiyl radical and its further oxidation.
Arrhenius Relation and its Fractalization
Authors: Fang P. H. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
A generalization of the Arrhenius equation to include some non-Arrhenius equations for a description of a wide class of ionic conductors is proposed. The generalization is through a fractalization of the temperature term in the original Arrhenius equation. The result agrees well with some experimental data and the physical significances are deduced.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Thermal Gas-Phase Reaction between NO2 and Trifluorobromoethene, CF2CFBr
Authors: Romano Rosana M. , Czarnowski Joanna 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
The reaction of NO2 with CF2CFBr has been studied at 322.6, 333.1 and 343.4 K, using a conventional static system. The initial pressure of CF2CFBr was varied between 26.9 and 75.5 torr and that of NO2 between 9.6 and 41.9 torr. Two experiments were made in presence of CF4 used as inert gas at the pressure of 238.8 and 334.6 torr, respectively. Five products were observed: CF2(NO2)C(O)F, CF2(NO2)CFBr(NO2), BrNO, Br2 and NO. The distribution of the products CF2(NO2)C(O)F and CF2(NO2)CFBr(NO2) was independent of the initial pressure of the reactants and the total pressure, but the relation CF2(NO2)C(O)F/CF2(NO2)CFBr(NO2) increased with the temperature. The reaction is homogeneous and independent of the total pressure. The following mechanism was postulated to explain the experimental results:

1
CF2CFBr + NO2 → CF2(NO2)C•FBr

2
CF2(NO2)C•FBr + NO2 + M → CF2(NO2)CFBrNO2 + M

3
CF2(NO2)C•FBr + NO2 → CF2(NO2)C(O)F + BrNO

4
2BrNO ↔ Br2 + 2NO

k
1 = (1.51 ± 0.45) × 106 exp(−(10.88 ± 1) kcal mol−1/RT) dm3 mol−1 s−1.
Extraction Distribution of Bromophenol Blue and Bromocresol Green in the Two-Phase Water-1,2-Dichloroethane System
Authors: Makrlík E. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
The equilibrium distribution constants of electroneutral bromophenol blue and bromocresol green between the 1,2-dichloroethane and aqueous phases were determined from extraction measurements. By using known thermodynamic parameters and applying general relations, the dissociation constants of these two organic dyes in 1,2-dichloroethane saturated with water were calculated.
Outcome of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants With Leukemoid Reaction
Authors: Hsiao Robert , Omar Said A. 
Published: June 2005

Background. Leukemoid reaction (LR) is defined as an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of &gt;30 × 103/mm3. No previous study has systemically examined the clinical and prognostic significance of this phenomenon in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.Objective. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of LR in morbidity, mortality, and long-term developmental outcome in ELBW infants.Method. Infants with gestational age of ≤30 weeks and birth weight ≤1000 g were included in the study (n = 152). The medical records were reviewed for the clinical characteristics and long-term developmental outcome of these infants. Serial complete blood cell count and ANC were calculated on day 1 and weekly thereafter until discharge. LR was defined as an ANC of &gt;30 × 103/mm3.Results. LR was detected in 17% of the study infants (26 of 152). ANC increased postnatally in LR (n = 26) and no-LR (n = 126) infants during hospitalization, peaked in the second week of life (43 ± 3 vs 14 ± 1 × 103/mm3), and remained significantly higher in LR infants during the first 5 weeks of life. LR occurred more frequently during the first 2 weeks of life and lasted for 3 ± 1 days. There was no significant difference between the LR and no-LR infants in gestational age, birth weight, delivery mode, gender, Apgar scores, or incidence of respiratory distress syndrome, patent ductus arteriosus, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, and retinopathy of prematurity. LR infants required a significantly longer duration of ventilatory support (36 ± 4 vs 21 ± 2 days), longer duration of oxygen requirement (58 ± 6 vs 40 ± 3 days), and had a higher incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (54% vs 25%) compared with no-LR infants. Furthermore, the length of hospitalization was significantly longer in LR infants (69 ± 6 vs 54 ± 3 days). There was no significant difference between the groups in developmental outcome at 2 years of age including receptive/expressive language, fine/gross motor skills, and hearing. Incidence of abnormal neurodevelopment outcome was also similar between LR and no-LR infants.Conclusions. LR in ELBW infants is associated with a prolonged need for ventilatory and oxygen support, a higher incidence of BPD, and a tendency for lower mortality. The findings from our study suggest that LR is associated with conditions known to have an excess of proinflammatory cytokines. Additional prospective study is needed to understand the relationship between LR, proinflammatory cytokines, and development of BPD.
Coronary Artery Dilation Among Patients Presenting With Systemic-Onset Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Binstadt Bryce A. , Levine Jami C. , Nigrovic Peter A. , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Dedeoglu Fatma , Fuhlbrigge Robert C. , Weindling Steven N. , Newburger Jane W. , Sundel Robert P. 
Published: June 2005

Objective. To evaluate coronary artery diameters among patients presenting with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA).
Methods. Fifty cases of SoJIA were reviewed. At the time of initial presentation with fever, 12 patients had echocardiograms that included a complete evaluation of the coronary arteries. A single reviewer measured the diameters of the left main, proximal left anterior descending, and proximal right coronary arteries. Body surface area-adjusted z scores were calculated with respect to a normative population.
Results. Coronary artery dilation (z score: &gt;2) was observed for 5 of the 12 patients with SoJIA who had echocardiograms performed at the time of presentation with fever. No patient developed a coronary artery aneurysm, and all of the coronary artery z scores normalized within 4 months. Only 2 of the 5 patients with coronary artery z scores of &gt;2 fulfilled the clinical criteria for Kawasaki disease, the most commonly recognized cause of coronary artery dilation among children.
Conclusions. Children presenting with SoJIA may have coronary artery dilation similar to that observed for children with Kawasaki disease. These data suggest that the presence of coronary artery dilation on initial echocardiograms for patients with fever does not exclude the diagnosis of SoJIA.
Laboratory Efficacy of Amoxicillin for the Control of Streptococcus iniae Infection in Blue Tilapia
Authors: Darwish Ahmed M. , Hobbs Melissa S. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Experimental feeding trials were performed to evaluate the efficacy of amoxicillin (AMX) in controlling Streptococcus iniae infection in blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus. The doses of AMX active ingredient tested were 0, 5, 10, 30, and 80 mg/kg of fish body weight (BW) per day. Administration of medicated feed started within 22–24 h postchallenge by waterborne exposure to S. iniae (after skin scraping) and continued for 12 consecutive days, followed by a 17-d posttreatment observation. Oral administration of AMX-medicated feed for 12 d at a daily rate of 10, 30, and 80 mg/kg BW significantly increased the survival of S. iniae−infected tilapia from 3.8% in the challenged, nonmedicated positive control to 45, 75, and 93.8%, respectively. The survival rate was significantly higher in the 80-mg treatment (93.75%) than the 10-mg treatment (45%) but did not differ significantly between the 10-mg (45%) and 30-mg (75%) treatments. At the conclusion of the experiment, no carriers were detected in any challenged group receiving AMX-medicated diet, whereas the bacterium was recovered from the nonmedicated, challenged survivors of the infection.
Prevention of Ulcer Disease in Goldfish by Means of Vaccination
Authors: Robertson Peter A. W. , Austin Dawn A. , Austin Brian 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA vaccine comprising cells of Aeromonas bestiarum grown in tryptic soy broth and atypical A. salmonicida cells produced in iron‐limited and iron‐supplemented media protected goldfish Carassius auratus when administered by immersion (dosage ≈ 5 × 107 cells/mL for 60 s) followed after 28 d by an oral booster (dosage = 5 × 107 cells/g of feed), which was fed for 7 d so that each fish received about 1 g of vaccine‐containing feed. After challenge by intramuscular injection of a virulent culture of atypical A. salmonicida, the relative percent survival (RPS) was more than 90%. The approach was more successful than using a commercial furunculosis vaccine with or without supplementation with A. bestiarum or atypical A. salmonicida cells. Moreover, a smooth derivative of the virulent rough culture of atypical A. salmonicida was less effective as a vaccine candidate, yielding an RPS of only 65%. Low antibody titers of 1:39–1:396 were found in the vaccinated fish. The vaccinated fish had a significantly higher proportion of dead head kidney macrophages (10.9 ± 3.5%; P = 0.0149) than did the controls (6.8 ± 3.1%). However, differences in the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes, the level of phagocytic and lysozyme activities, and the proportion of lymphocytes, monocytes, and polymorphonuclear cells were not statistically significant between the two groups.
Market Based Tools for Managing the Life Insurance Company
Authors: Felice Massimo De , Moriconi Franco 
Published: June 2005

In this paper we present an approach to market based valuation of life insurance policies, in the spirit of the NUMAT proposed by Hans Bühlmann (2002) in an editorial in the ASTIN Bulletin. We have experienced the valuation method for more than one decade, both as a pricing procedure applied to policy portfolios of leading insurance companies, and by including the valuation principles into several actuarial teaching activities.Our interest is mainly focused here on participating policies that in Italy are characterized by contractually binding profit sharing rules. The problem of the fair valuation of the liabilities generated to the insurer by these contracts can be conveniently addressed using the methods of contingent claims pricing. These allow to price correctly the options embedded into the policies and to implement consistent plans of asset-liability management. The approach also provides a market based measurement of the value of business in force for outstanding policy portfolios and consistent assessments of the financial risk based capitals.
On the Relationship between Impulsivity / Reflectivity Cognitive Style and Performance on TMU English Exam
Authors: Kiany Gholam Reza , Salimi Esmaeel Ali 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Performance on language tests varies as a function of various factors. These factors, according to Bachman (1990) include: communicative language ability, test method facets, personal attributes that are not related to the ability we want to measure, and random factors which are unpredictable and temporary. Since the purpose of language tests is to measure language ability, a fundamental concern in the development and use of language tests is to identify potential sources of error and test bias in a given measure of language ability and to minimize the effects of these factors, hence to maximize the reliability and the validity of the tests. This study with 1984 male and female PhD candidates with an age range of 21-51 who took the Tarbiat Modarres University (TMU) TOEFL-like English Examination as a prerequisite for their admission for PhD programs attempted to identify one of the potential sources of test bias called impulsivity / reflectivity (Imp/Ref) cognitive style.
The purpose of the present study was two fold: On the one hand, the present research attempted to investigate the relationships and interaction between impulsivity/reflectivity, age, sex and performance on TMU English Exam. This, on the other hand, required restandardization of Persian Impulsiveness Questionnaire in Iran. To achieve this purpose of the study, having gone through the restandardization procedures, the data obtained from 1822 subjects regarding impulsivity/reflectivity were factor-analyzed through Principal Axis Factoring (PAF) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) in order to check the construct validity of the test. To achieve the main objective of the research, the subjects were classified into three groups of high, medium and low impulsives to see if this cognitive style has any relationship with Ph.D. candidates’ performance on TMU English Exam. Moreover, the role of gender and age in the subjects’ performance and the interaction effect of impulsivity, age and sex on their performance were taken into consideration. The results revealed that both impulsivity and gender are significant factors in the subjects’ performance. The overall main effect of age and the interaction effect were found to be non significant.
Global mixed‐integer dynamic optimization
Authors: Chachuat Benoît , Singer Adam B. , Barton Paul I. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRecent advances in process synthesis, design, operations, and control have created an increasing demand for efficient numerical algorithms for optimizing a dynamic system coupled with discrete decisions; these problems are termed mixed‐integer dynamic optimization (MIDO). In this communication, we develop a decomposition approach for a quite general class of MIDO problems that is capable of guaranteeing finding a global solution despite the nonconvexities inherent in the dynamic optimization subproblems. Two distinct algorithms are considered. On finite termination, the first algorithm guarantees finding a global solution of the MIDO within nonzero tolerance; the second algorithm finds rigorous bounds bracketing the global solution value, with a substantial reduction in computational expense relative to the first algorithm. A case study is presented in connection with the optimal design and operation of a batch process consisting of a series reaction followed by a separation with no intermediate storage. The developed algorithms demonstrate efficiency and applicability in solving this problem. Several heuristics are tested to enhance convergence of the algorithms; in particular, the use of bounds tightening techniques and the addition of cuts resulting from a screening model of the batch process are considered. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Mill application of a new continuous digester model
Authors: Kayihan Ferhan , Bills Alan , Hart Peter W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA new‐generation continuous digester model has been developed based on first principles of fundamental material, energy, and momentum balances. The modeling approach considers all of the important physical and chemical phenomena that are pertinent to digester operations: notably, chip size distribution, dynamics of chip column compaction, diffusion and reaction fluxes between entrapped and free liquor, and relative velocity differences between chip column and liquor flows. The model calculates time‐dependent behavior of process conditions including but not limited to chip levels, residual EA (effective alkali) density and Kappa (a measure of the extent of reaction) progression through the digester, temperature and dissolved solids profiles, conversion, and blow consistency. The model emulates real operational conditions as closely as possible so that all process decision variables available to an operator are also similar input variables to the model. The model is fast, nearly 300 times faster than real time on a modern PC, which makes it convenient for a variety of applications. High‐fidelity simulations of the model can be used for operating condition optimization, controller design improvements, transition policy development, and training. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005