bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression pattern of candidate genes and their correlation with various metabolites of abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway under drought stress in rice
Authors: Changan Sushil S. , Kumar Vaibhav , Tyagi Aruna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDrought hampers global rice production. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays versatile roles under different environmental stresses. While the link between drought and ABA is known, its effect on ABA biosynthesis genes and metabolites is unclear. This study explored the impact of drought on various metabolites, namely beta‐carotene, zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin, violaxanthin, neoxanthin, and candidate genes viz. zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) and 9‐cis epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) of ABA biosynthesis pathway in rice cultivars (N22 and IR64) at anthesis {65 DAT (Days after transplanting)} with different stress levels. In stressed plants, zeaxanthin significantly increased (92%), while the concentration of beta‐carotene, antheraxanthin, violaxanthin and neoxanthin decreased as drought stress progressed. The concentration of metabolites in roots was notably lower than in leaves in both genotypes. The ZEP expression was upregulated in roots (8.24‐fold) under drought stress. Among five NCED isoforms, NCED3 showed significant upregulation (7.29‐fold) in leaf and root tissue. NCED1 was significantly downregulated as stress progressed and was negatively correlated with ABA accumulation. NCED2, NCED4 and NCED5 showed no significant change in their expression. Drying and rolling of rice leaves was observed after imparting drought stress. The findings revealed that drought stress significantly influenced the expression of candidate genes and the concentration of metabolites of the ABA biosynthesis pathway. There was a significantly higher accumulation of ABA in N22 leaves (47%) and roots (30%) compared to IR64. The N22, a drought‐tolerant genotype, exhibited significantly higher concentrations of intermediates and demonstrated increased expression of ZEP and NCED3, potentially contributing to its resilience against drought.
Fine‐root traits are devoted to the allocation of foliar phosphorus fractions of desert species under water and phosphorus‐poor environments
Authors: Gao Yanju , Tariq Akash , Zeng Fanjiang , Li Xiangyi , Sardans Jordi , Liu Chenggang , Peñuelas Josep 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTraits of leaves and fine roots are expected to predict the responses and adaptation of plants to their environments. Whether and how fine‐root traits (FRTs) are associated with the allocation of foliar phosphorus (P) fractions of desert species in water‐ and P‐poor environments, however, remains unclear. We exposed seedlings of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. (hereafter Alhagi) treated with two water and four P‐supply levels for three years in open‐air pot experiments and measured the concentrations of foliar P fractions, foliar traits, and FRTs. The allocation proportion of foliar nucleic acid‐P and acid phosphatase (APase) activity of fine roots were significantly higher by 45.94 and 53.3% in drought and no‐P treatments relative to well‐watered and high‐P treatments, whereas foliar metabolic‐P and structural‐P were significantly lower by 3.70 and 5.26%. Allocation proportions of foliar structural‐P and residual‐P were positively correlated with fine‐root P (FRP) concentration, but nucleic acid‐P concentration was negatively correlated with FRP concentration. A tradeoff was found between the allocation proportion to all foliar P fractions relative to the FRP concentration, fine‐root APase activity, and amounts of carboxylates, followed by fine‐root morphological traits. The requirement for a link between the aboveground and underground tissues of Alhagi was generally higher in the drought than the well‐watered treatment. Altering FRTs and the allocation of P to foliar nucleic acid‐P were two coupled strategies of Alhagi under conditions of drought and/or low‐P. These results advance our understanding of the strategies for allocating foliar P by mediating FRTs in drought and P‐poor environments.
Exogenous Melatonin Regulates Plant‐Disease Interaction by Inducing Maize Resistance and Decreasing the Pathogenicity of Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Kong Mengmeng , Ali Qurban , Jing Hairong , Hussain Amjad , Wang Fuli , Liu Xiaoyong , Gao Xuewen , Xu Hui‐lian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPlants cannot avoid environmental challenges and are constantly threatened by diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. However, plants have developed a unique immune system to defend themselves against the invasion of various pathogens. Melatonin, N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine has positive physiological effects in plants that are involved in disease resistance. The processes underlying melatonin‐induced pathogen resistance in plants are still unknown. The current study explores how melatonin regulates the plant‐disease interaction in maize. The results showed that 400 μM melatonin strongly reduced the disease lesion on maize stalks by 1.5 cm and corn by 4.0 cm caused by Fusarium graminearum PH‐1. Furthermore, after treatment with melatonin, the plant defense enzymes like SOD significantly increased, while POD and APX significantly decreased compared to the control. In addition, melatonin can also improve maize's innate immunity, which is mediated by melatonin treatments through the salicylic acid signaling pathway, and up‐regulate the defense‐associated expression of PR1, LOX1, OXR, serPIN, and WIPI genes in maize. Melatonin not only inhibits the disease in the maize stalks and corn, but also down‐regulates the deoxynivalenol (DON) production‐related expression of genes Tri1, Tri4, Tri5, and Tri6 in maize. Overall, this study sheds new light on the mechanisms by which melatonin regulates antioxidant enzymes and defense‐related genes involved in plant immunity to effectively suppress plant diseases.
Effects of resistance exercises on inhibitory control and plasma epinephrine levels: A registered report of a crossover randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lin Ting‐Yu , Cheng Hao‐Chien , Tsai Yi‐Luen , Liu Hung‐Wen , Hung Tsung‐Min 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAccording to the locus coeruleus–norepinephrine (LC–NE) theory, activity of the LC, the major releaser of NE in the brain, regulates inhibitory control. As there is reciprocal communication between circulating epinephrine and the LC, plasma epinephrine is used as the index of LC–NE activity. The aim of this crossover randomized controlled trial is to expand on previous findings by investigating the effects of free‐weight, multiple‐joint, and structural barbell resistance exercises. Previous studies have had some methodological limitations, such as failure to report the process of randomization, absence of resistance exercise familiarization before the maximal strength testing, and lack of protocol publication. To address these issues, this study incorporates resistance exercise familiarization, transparent reporting of randomization, and submission as a registered report. The results suggest that a single session of resistance exercise (barbell squat, press, and deadlift) with an intensity of 65%–78% 1RM for five repetitions (70%–90% relative intensity) and three sets with 3‐min rest intervals improved Stroop congruent reaction time (RT) only (t(27) = −2.663, mean reduction = −15 ms,p = .013, 95% CI [−26, −3]). No significant enhancements were observed in Stroop incongruent RT, inhibitory control as indexed by Stroop effect, or inhibitory control as indexed by the RT difference between the Stroop task and the simple reaction task. Moreover, the alterations in plasma epinephrine levels did not significantly associate with changes in any measure of cognitive performance.
When increasing risk perception does not work. Using behavioral psychology to increase smoke alarm ownership
Authors: Jansen Patty , Snijders Chris , Willemsen Martijn C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe central question of our study is which determinants drive smoke alarm ownership and intention to purchase one, and whether we can increase smoke alarm ownership by addressing these determinants in a communication‐based intervention. We first made an inventory of possible determinants for smoke alarm prevention by consulting prominent prevention behavior theories protection motivation theory and Health Belief Model and other relevant literature. We expanded this list of determinants based on interviews (n = 15) and used survey data representative for the Netherlands to decide to focus on smoke alarm ownership (rather than installation or maintenance). We then tested the determinants of smoke alarm ownership and buying intention in a survey (n = 622). Based on these results, we ran an A/B test (n = 310) of two messages to stimulate smoke alarm ownership: one emphasized the determinants we found to be strong predictors in the survey (know‐how, social norm, annoyance) and one emphasized typical determinants that are often addressed in campaigns but were poor predictors in the survey (vulnerability, severity, benefits). Results showed that the message based on the strong determinants resulted in a significant increase in smoke alarm ownership (9.1%) compared to the control group (0.9%; p = 0.027), while the message using the typical determinants did not lead to significant effects. Taken together, our results give a promising direction for interventions to increase smoke alarm ownership, and above all, show that a comprehensive problem analysis for a specific target behavior is a necessary step to induce behavioral change.
3D‐seismic evidence for thick‐skinned tectonics in a ‘classic’ thin skinned tectonics region (external Alpine foreland, Switzerland)
Authors: Schöpfer Kateřina , Decker Kurt , Nazari Fatemeh , Madritsch Herfried 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe north‐western Alpine foreland in Switzerland and France comprises the Late Miocene Jura Mountains, considered a type example for thin‐skinned thrusting where deformation of the sedimentary cover is decoupled from the basement along a regional basal detachment. To what extent basement faults were involved during its deformation is a matter of debate. We use 3D seismic data to investigate the deformation style along the easternmost tip of the Jura range in unprecedented detail. Here, basement‐rooted normal faults were not only repeatedly reactivated before thrust belt formation but also contemporaneously active as reverse/transpressional faults. They either propagated up into the Mesozoic succession without interruption (‘hard linkage’) or apparently controlled the localisation of Mesozoic faults via smaller‐scale shear zones (‘soft linkage’). Our analysis of the resulting fault geometries questions the existence of a large‐scale basal detachment in this area and points out the importance of thick‐skinned fault reactivation.
Closing the Rent Index Gap – A Quantitative Approach to Rental‐Sector Gentrification
Authors: Banabak Selim 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper advocates for a greater emphasis on supply sided concepts such as the rent gap in the empirical operationalizations of gentrification. It provides a novel framework to identify rental‐sector gentrification areas through index construction by drawing on insights from the gentrification, rent gap, price index and hedonic regression literatures. The approach is highly adaptable to a variety of regulatory contexts and other housing market idiosyncrasies through the design of the underlying regression model. Drawing on data from the city of Vienna, local rent changes and their relationship to price‐effective transformations of the rental housing supply are quantified. After computing the respective indices, bivariate mapping is utilized to identify potential gentrification areas.
The operational and financial impact of adding anaerobic screening of platelets
Authors: Rios Jorge , Webb Jonathan , Dy Beth , Young Pampee P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe evaluated the operational and safety impact of implementing anaerobic culture screening of apheresis and pooled platelets at the American Red Cross on the already established use of the aerobic culture screening of each donation performed no sooner than 24 h following collection.Materials and MethodsPlatelets were screened for bacterial contamination with the BACT/ALERT 3D® (bioMérieux, Durham, NC) microbial detection testing system. The addition of anaerobic culture to the already existing aerobic culture resulted in sampling an additional 8–10 mL from each donation.ResultsImplementation of anaerobic testing resulted in an approximate 3.5‐fold increased rate of False Positive BACT/ALERT alarms. There was a modest increase in the rate of True Positive alarms of 1.4‐fold with increased detection of Klebsiella and Propionibacterium species, including Cutibacterium acnes. In addition, there was an approximate 3.5‐fold increase rate of False Positives and a 13.5‐fold increase rate of Indeterminates, the majority (~57%) were due to Cutibacterium acnes. The combined costs and lost revenue associated with adding anaerobic screening increased by ~$1,000,000/year due to testing cost and product discards.ConclusionThe addition of anaerobic culture to aerobic culture to the original donation (without the introduction of sampling delay) resulted in a significant increase in the rate of alerts. The 40% increased rate of True Positive alarms may have modestly improved platelet safety. However, there was a disproportionate increase in the rate of False Positive and Indeterminate bacterial culture alarms, which added substantial cost and overall loss of platelet products.
Influence of light, nutrients, and soil moisture on the growth and resource allocation of Arundo donax
Authors: Herod Megan , Martina Jason 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnderstanding how invasive species respond to changes in abiotic factors and what influences their ability to colonise newly disturbed areas is necessary to predict species expansion, prioritise management efforts, and develop ecological models. We conducted a fully factorial greenhouse experiment using rhizome fragments to examine the effects of four nutrients levels, three soil moisture levels, and two light levels (with five replicates, n = 120) on the growth and resource allocation patterns of Arundo donax, a large‐statured invasive wetland species. We predicted that A. donax's performance‐related traits—traits that directly influence the functionality and fitness of an individual—such as aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB), net photosynthesis, and average stem height, would be highest under high light, high soil moisture and high nutrient conditions due to the ability of aggressive invasive species to capitalise on greater resource availability. Analyses using general linear mixed‐effects models revealed significant interactions between soil moisture and light. Plants grown in saturated, high light conditions exhibited the highest values for performance‐related traits. However, contrary to predictions, nutrients did not significantly influence these traits. Multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated that nutrients did influence biomass allocation patterns, with plants grown with added nitrogen and phosphorus displaying higher AGB:BGB and stem:leaf ratios. This research highlights A. donax's unique response to nutrient addition and the plasticity of biomass allocation patterns. By understanding how invasive species respond to common abiotic factors, we can better predict their expansion and prioritise management efforts, such as focusing on areas of low overstory shading, while also providing crucial information for ecological model development.
The Thermal Conductivity of Insulating and Other Materials
Authors: Taylor T. S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Despite the fact that numerous thermal-conductivity measurements have been made, but very few data are available for such materials as are used in the construction of electrical machinery. To further investigate this field the author accordingly conducted a series of tests based upon two methods, both of which are explained in detail in this paper. The results obtained are tabulated for such materials as fish paper, fuller board, cambric, mica tape, various kinds of woods, asbestos, plate glass sheet steel, wool felt, etc.
An Improved Decoupled Finite Element Analysis Method of Ultra-Large Offshore Wind Turbine Subjected to Combined Wind–Wave Actions
Authors: Lu Dongzhe , Wang Wenhua , Li Xin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Owing to the simplification of the wind turbine, it is difficult to accurately simulate the interaction between the rotor system and the supporting structure using the decoupling finite element method. Therefore, when using this method for safety assessment and dynamic response research of the offshore wind turbine (OWT), there is a deviation between the simulation result and the real response of the OWT. In this study, an improved decoupled finite element analysis method is proposed based on a theoretical derivation. A simplified finite element model of a 10 MW jacket OWT with an equivalent substructure was established, and the dynamic response of the OWT under wind and waves was studied. By comparing the results of the fully coupled analysis method and the traditional finite element method, the applicability of the traditional finite element analysis method to the dynamic analysis of an OWT under typical winds and waves is discussed. The limitations of using the traditional finite element method to study or evaluate an OWT complex dynamic system were revealed, and the effectiveness and applicability of the improved method proposed in this study were qualitatively and quantitatively verified. Subsequently, based on the proposed improved decoupled finite element analysis method, a numerical calculation corresponding to a fully coupled test was performed. Compared with the numerical results obtained by the traditional finite element method, the improved decoupled finite element method proposed in this study obtained more consistent results with the fully coupled test.
Semi-Active Groundhook Control of Offshore Tension Leg Platforms Using Tuned Mass Damper With Optimized Parameters and Magneto-Rheological Damper Under Multiple Hazards
Authors: Patra Suryasish , Das Diptesh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The purpose of the current study is to recommend an offshore tension leg platform (TLP) semi-active control system to lessen vibrations caused by various risks, such as the wind load and regular and irregular waves. State-of-the-art indicates that there has not been much study on semi-active management of offshore TLPs exposed to numerous hazards while taking into account system nonlinearities and employing a control method that is resilient to uncertainty. An augmented velocity–displacement-based groundhook (AVDB-GH) semi-active control scheme using magneto-rheological (MR) dampers, which is an improvement over the displacement-based groundhook (DB-GH) control algorithm, is proposed. The proposed controller uses a semi-active tuned mass damper (SATMD) consisting of a passive tuned mass damper (TMD) and two semi-active MR dampers as the control devices. Constrained nonlinear optimization is used to determine the SATMD's optimized parameters in order to produce the best control performance. A significant reduction in surge response of TLP is observed both in the time domain and the frequency domain. Compared to the SATMD using the usual DB-GH algorithm, the suggested control strategy more successfully decreases the key response variables—deck displacement, power spectral density, and acceleration. The effectiveness of the controller is better for regular waves than for irregular waves and wind forces. Because the performance of the controller is unaffected by changes in the mass and stiffness of the TLP, the controller can be regarded as robust.
Tribological Behavior and Mechanism of Surface-Modified Mullite as Polyurea Grease Additive
Authors: Qiang He , Li Guotao , Du Zhicai , Ren Shuaiyang , Xu Zehua , Xu Yuan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The excellent tribological performance of nanoparticles as additives in lubricating greases has attracted widespread attention. In this study, a silane coupling agent (KH550) was used to chemically modify nanoscale mullite (composed of Al2O3 and SiO2), and the modified nano-KH-mullite was dispersed as an additive in polyurea grease at different ratios (0.01, 0.05, 0.07, 0.1, and 0.3 wt%). The friction and wear performance of the compound polyurea greases were evaluated using a four-ball friction tester. Professional instruments will be utilized to analyze the micro-morphology, 3D profile, elemental content, and valence state of the worn surface, aiming to investigate the lubrication and antiwear mechanism of the nano-KH-mullite additive. The results indicate that nano-mullite effectively improves the antiwear and antifriction performance of the polyurea grease. When the additional content is 0.05 wt%, the friction coefficient (COF) and the wear scar diameter (WSD) are reduced by approximately 19.97% and 11.1%, respectively, and the roughness of the worn surface is also reduced. The excellent tribological performance of the composite grease is attributed not only to the good dispersibility of KH-mullite but also to its ability to promote the formation of a composite lubrication film on the friction pair surface. The component KH-Al2O3 in the KH-mullite can fill and repair scratches and grooves on the worn surface, while the other component KH-SiO2 can bear the load and convert the friction mode to rolling friction.
On the Role of Friction Modifier Additives in the Oil Control Ring and Piston Liner Contact
Authors: Tomlinson Kate , Davison Sam , King Paul , Howell-Smith Sebastian , Slatter Tom , Morris Nick 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In-cylinder internal combustion engine parasitic frictional losses continue to be an area of interest to improve efficiency and reduce emissions. This study investigates the frictional behavior at the oil control ring–cylinder liner conjunction of lubricants with anti-wear additives, varying dispersant concentration, and a range of friction modifiers. Experiments are conducted at a range of temperatures on a cylinder liner with a nickel silicon carbide coating. A novel motored reciprocating tribometer, with a complete three-piece oil control ring and cylinder liner, was used to isolate the friction at the segment–liner interfaces. Four lubricants were tested, three with the same 3% dispersant concentration and 1% zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) anti-wear additive: the first with no friction modifier, the second with inorganic friction modifier (molybdenum dithiocarbamates), and the third with organic friction modifier (amide). A fourth lubricant with an organic friction modifier with a 9% dispersant concentration was tested to compare the effect of the level of dispersant with the friction modifier. Results indicate that the inorganic friction modifier reduces friction comparatively to the other lubricants, showing the importance of friction modifier selection with anti-wear additives.