bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Fool Your Robot: Designing Exploitable Sensory Systems
Authors: Hardman David , Iida Fumiya 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Based on real-world interactions in our lives and in the lives of our ancestors, humans have developed a multitude of psychological, social, and reflexive actions for efficient living. We consider the integration of similar behaviours into embodied robots through the design of their sensory systems, evaluating their impact through a novel lens: how magicians exploit these human behaviours in order to fool their spectators into experiencing impossible events. We explore the consequences of designing agents which can experience magic effects, and argue that such design facilities lifelike actions.
Exploring Embodied Resources in Gaze in Human-Robot Collaborative Environments
Authors: Sirithunge Chapa , Boralessa Kalhan S. , Eranga W. H. , Jayasekara Buddhika P. , Chandima D. P. , Hemapala Manjula U. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among various types of embodied resources in humans, gaze, started with mutual gaze, plays a major role in embodied cognition. In addition to establishing relationships during interactions, gaze further portrays information about the level of engagement in a dyadic interaction. Hence the gaze and gaze-related behaviors such as averted gaze can be used as cues to make decisions regarding an interaction. This holds true for a human and a robot during human-robot interaction (HRI) as well. Hence proactive robots could evaluate human gaze as a parameter to achieve situation-awareness. In this work, we present the outcomes of several experiments aimed at evaluating such gaze behavior of human-human nonverbal interactions and other behaviors initiated as a result during dyadic interactions. The possibility of evaluating situations by such behavioral responses of individuals as cues, is also examined. We further compared the relationships between gaze behavior of humans during HRI and human-human interaction (HHI). We considered the properties of existence and aversion of gaze, as gaze behaviors during this study. Results of these experiments indicate interesting tendencies in verbal and nonverbal human behavior in initiating of an interaction in both HHI and HRI. The behavioral patterns related to gaze, observed during the study were analyzed using statistical methods and critical observations are highlighted. The potential of analyzing gaze behavior in displaying messages to the outside world during HRI is discussed.
Intelligence Offloading and the Neurosimulation of Developmental Agents
Authors: Alicea B , Pang A , Parent J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cognitive offloading occurs when environmental affordances expand cognitive capacity while facilitating spatial and social behaviors. Capacity-related constraints are also important, particularly as embodied agents come online during development. Vast differences in brain size and offloading capacity exist across the tree of life. We take from multiple perspectives to understand the proportional contributions of internal models (brain) and externalized processing (offloading) in developing embodied computational agents. As developing nervous systems scale with body size and/or functional importance, offloading is also driven by neural capacity. Cognitive capacity is ultimately determined by various innate and environmental constraints. We propose a similar model for computationally developing cognitive agents. A regulatory model of cognition is proposed as a means to build cognitive systems that interface with biologically-inspired substrates. Multiple tradeoffs result from energetic, innate, and informational constraints, and determine the proportion of internal to external information processing capacity. As growth of a biologically-inspired substrate accelerates or decelerates over developmental time, it changes the acquisitional capacity of the agent. Our agent’s capacity limitations determine externalization potential, which is characterized by three parameters and two mathematical functions. The neurosimulation approach to intelligence offloading can be applied to a broad range of agent-based models and Artificial Intelligences.
Understanding Lived Experience: Bridging Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing with Humanities and Social Sciences
Authors: Girju Roxana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
True human-centered Artificial Intelligence (AI) is impossible without addressing the inherent and diverse aspects of humanness. Deep learning models have achieved remarkable success in some tasks in vision and language processing, and few can deny it. However, as it moves forward, the field cannot continue to pretend it can do it all by itself, especially when we advertise it as ‘human-centered AI’. It has come the time to open up the stage for methodological pluralism in the interest of critical and democratic science, and for the benefit of society. In this paper, I want to draw particular attention to the aspect of lived (subjective) experience, one research area highly misunderstood and hugely neglected in AI, and especially in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Our intensions, selfhood, autonomy, emotions, feelings, sensory knowledge, cultural history are integral components of our intelligence. Thus, the future AI and NLP models will need to more closely align with the embodied component of human intelligence. As we push the limit of creativity and innovation in AI, we need to develop a new way of looking at human experience, with a better scientific understanding of intelligence and its own practices, at the intersection of many disciplinary fields.
Between the Authentic and Artificial: From the Perspective of Contingency
Authors: Sato Maki 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How to deal with a contingency? A contingent situation plays a vital role in challenges with uncertainty and unpredictability. This is because contingency requires the subject to be adaptive and flexible in the given condition. Regarding the development of robotics, soft robotics is highly anticipated to be more adaptable and flexible to contingency with its bodily inputs. In contrast, material-wise, conventional hard robotics may fit more for fixed, stable, static, or predictable situations. The latest development in new materials has opened a window for more usable and useful artificial body parts as advanced tools. This short article first highlights the types of artificial body parts and summarises the role of contingency in robotics development. In addition, it analyses the various phases of the concept of the embodied mind in link with contingency. Additionally, for further discussion, it questions ethical, moral, and legal aspects regarding the future development of artificial body parts.
Use of deep learning to segment bolus during videofluoroscopic swallow studies
Authors: Shaheen Nadeem , Burdick Ryan , Peña-Chávez Rodolfo , Ulmschneider Christopher , Yee Joanne , Kurosu Atsuko , Rogus-Pulia Nicole , Bednarz Bryan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Anatomical segmentations generated using artificial intelligence (AI) have the potential to significantly improve video fluoroscopic swallow study (VFS) analysis. AI segments allow for various metrics to be determined without additional time constraints streamlining and creating new opportunities for analysis. While the opportunity is vast, it is important to understand the challenges and limitations of the underlying AI task. This work evaluates a bolus segmentation network. The first swallow of thin or liquid bolus from 80 unique patients were manually contoured from bolus first seen in the oral cavity to end of swallow motion. The data was split into a 75/25 training and validation set and a 4-fold cross validation was done. A U—Net architecture along with variations were tested with the dice coefficient as the loss function and overall performance metric. The average validation set resulted in a dice coefficient of 0.67. Additional analysis to characterize the variability of images and performance on sub intervals was conducted indicating high variability among the processes required for training the network. It was found that bolus in the oral cavity consistently degrades performance due to misclassification of teeth and unimportant residue. The dice coefficients dependence on structure size can have substantial effects on the reported value. This work shows the efficacy of bolus segmentation and identifies key areas that are detriments to the performance of the network.
Microvascular invasion is associated with poor survival in patients with dual-phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ouyang Xiaojuan , Yan Yongqin , Zhang Sijin , Li Meidan , Li Min , Liu Qinghong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Microvascular invasion (MVI) has previously been reported to be related to cancer prognosis; however, its significance in patients with dual-phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma (DPHCC) remains uncharacterized. We studied the role of MVI in the survival of patients diagnosed with DPHCC in Fujian, China, which has a high incidence of HCC.

Methods
Patients with DPHCC (n = 84) who had undergone surgical interventions at the 900th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force between 2013 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed using the log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox model analyses were also conducted to further understand the correlation between MVI and patient survival.

Results
Our results indicated that MVI was related to poor survival. According to the univariate analysis, MVI, the number of tumor lesions, necrosis, differentiation, peripheral hepatic fibrosis, the expression of cytokeratin 19 (CK19), and serum levels of both ɑ-fetoprotein (AFP) and cancer antigen-199 showed a strong correlation with overall survival. Necrosis and serum AFP levels were strongly related to an increased risk of death, according to the multivariate analysis. Tumor size; the number of tumor lesions; differentiation; peripheral hepatic fibrosis; liver capsule invasion; and expression of CK19, vascular endothelial growth factor, CK7, and mucin 1 showed a correlation with MVI, per the outcomes of χ2 tests.

Conclusions
Microvascular invasion may correlate with the survival of patients with DPHCC and could potentially serve as a prognostic predictor of survival.
The Brainbox—a tool to facilitate correlation of brain magnetic resonance imaging features to histopathology
Authors: Faigle Wolfgang , Piccirelli Marco , Hortobágyi Tibor , Frontzek Karl , Cannon Amelia Elaine , Zürrer Wolfgang Emanuel , Granberg Tobias , Kulcsar Zsolt , Ludersdorfer Thomas , Frauenknecht Katrin B M , Reimann Regina , Ineichen Benjamin Victor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has limitations in identifying underlying tissue pathology, which is relevant for neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis, stroke or brain tumours. However, there are no standardized methods for correlating MRI features with histopathology. Thus, here we aimed to develop and validate a tool that can facilitate the correlation of brain MRI features to corresponding histopathology. For this, we designed the Brainbox, a waterproof and MRI-compatible 3D printed container with an integrated 3D coordinate system. We used the Brainbox to acquire post-mortem ex vivo MRI of eight human brains, fresh and formalin-fixed, and correlated focal imaging features to histopathology using the built-in 3D coordinate system. With its built-in 3D coordinate system, the Brainbox allowed correlation of MRI features to corresponding tissue substrates. The Brainbox was used to correlate different MR image features of interest to the respective tissue substrate, including normal anatomical structures such as the hippocampus or perivascular spaces, as well as a lacunar stroke. Brain volume decreased upon fixation by 7% (P = 0.01). The Brainbox enabled degassing of specimens before scanning, reducing susceptibility artefacts and minimizing bulk motion during scanning. In conclusion, our proof-of-principle experiments demonstrate the usability of the Brainbox, which can contribute to improving the specificity of MRI and the standardization of the correlation between post-mortem ex vivo human brain MRI and histopathology. Brainboxes are available upon request from our institution.
A lateralized alpha-band marker of the interference of exogenous attention over endogenous attention
Authors: Landry Mathieu , da Silva Castanheira Jason , Raz Amir , Baillet Sylvain , Sackur Jérôme 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Current theories of attention differentiate exogenous from endogenous orienting of visuospatial attention. While both forms of attention orienting engage different functional systems, endogenous and exogenous attention are thought to share resources, as shown by empirical evidence of their functional interactions. The present study aims to uncover the neurobiological basis of how salient events that drive exogenous attention disrupts endogenous attention processes. We hypothesize that interference from exogenous attention over endogenous attention involves alpha-band activity, a neural marker of visuospatial attention. To test this hypothesis, we contrast the effects of endogenous attention across two experimental tasks while we recorded electroencephalography (n = 32, both sexes): a single cueing task where endogenous attention is engaged in isolation, and a double cueing task where endogenous attention is concurrently engaged with exogenous attention. Our results confirm that the concurrent engagement of exogenous attention interferes with endogenous attention processes. We also found that changes in alpha-band activity mediate the relationship between endogenous attention and its effect on task performance, and that the interference of exogenous attention on endogenous attention occurs via the moderation of this indirect effect. Altogether, our results substantiate a model of attention, whereby endogenous and exogenous attentional processes involve the same neurophysiological resources.

Significance Statement
Scientists differentiate top-down from bottom-up visuospatial attention processes. While bottom-up attention is rapidly engaged by emerging demands from the environment, top-down attention in contrast reflects slow voluntary shifts of spatial attention. Several lines of research substantiate the idea that top-down and bottom-up attentional processes involve distinct functional systems. An increasing number of studies, however, argue that both attention systems share brain processing resources. The current study examines how salient visual events that engage bottom-up processes interfere with top-down attentional processes. Using neurophysiological recordings and multivariate pattern classification techniques, the authors show that these patterns of interference occur within the alpha-band of neural activity (8–12 Hz), which implies that bottom-up and top-down attention processes share this narrow-band frequency brain resource. The results further demonstrate that patterns of alpha-band activity explains, in part, the interference between top-down and bottom-up attention at the behavioral level.
Ipsilateral snare technique for the safe delivery of the Evolut PRO transcatheter aortic valve system: a case report
Authors: Fukutomi Motoki , Onishi Takayuki , Ando Tomo , Tobaru Tetsuya 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) requires several bail-out techniques for safe valve delivery and deployment. Particularly in cases of challenging aortic anatomy, the snare technique from the contralateral side of the surgical site can facilitate delivery of the transcatheter heart valve (THV) system. However, there are no previous reports of the snare technique from the ipsilateral side of the surgical site in TAVI cases.

Case summary
A 77-year-old woman presented with severe aortic stenosis and congestive heart failure. As computed tomography showed a heavily calcified aortic arch, we performed TAVI using the ipsilateral snare technique to control the direction of the Evolut THV system. There was no haematoma or excessive bleeding at the surgical site during the procedure, and the patient was discharged without complications.

Discussion
In cases with challenging anatomy of the aorta, the ipsilateral snare technique may be useful for the safe delivery of the Evolut system.
Automatic triage of twelve-lead electrocardiograms using deep convolutional neural networks: a first implementation study
Authors: van de Leur Rutger R , van Sleuwen Meike T G M , Zwetsloot Peter-Paul M , van der Harst Pim , Doevendans Pieter A , Hassink Rutger J , van Es René 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
Expert knowledge to correctly interpret electrocardiograms (ECGs) is not always readily available. An artificial intelligence (AI)-based triage algorithm (DELTAnet), able to support physicians in ECG prioritization, could help reduce current logistic burden of overreading ECGs and improve time to treatment for acute and life-threatening disorders. However, the effect of clinical implementation of such AI algorithms is rarely investigated.

Methods and results
Adult patients at non-cardiology departments who underwent ECG testing as a part of routine clinical care were included in this prospective cohort study. DELTAnet was used to classify 12-lead ECGs into one of the following triage classes: normal, abnormal not acute, subacute, and acute. Performance was compared with triage classes based on the final clinical diagnosis. Moreover, the associations between predicted classes and clinical outcomes were investigated. A total of 1061 patients and ECGs were included. Performance was good with a mean concordance statistic of 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.95–0.97) when comparing DELTAnet with the clinical triage classes. Moreover, zero ECGs that required a change in policy or referral to the cardiologist were missed and there was a limited number of cases predicted as acute that did not require follow-up (2.6%).

Conclusion
This study is the first to prospectively investigate the impact of clinical implementation of an ECG-based AI triage algorithm. It shows that DELTAnet is efficacious and safe to be used in clinical practice for triage of 12-lead ECGs in non-cardiology hospital departments.
Fully automated coronary artery calcium quantification on electrocardiogram-gated non-contrast cardiac computed tomography using deep-learning with novel Heart-labelling method
Authors: Takahashi Daigo , Fujimoto Shinichiro , Nozaki Yui O , Kudo Ayako , Kawaguchi Yuko O , Takamura Kazuhisa , Hiki Makoto , Sato Eisuke , Tomizawa Nobuo , Daida Hiroyuki , Minamino Tohru 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
To develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-model which enables fully automated accurate quantification of coronary artery calcium (CAC), using deep learning (DL) on electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated non-contrast cardiac computed tomography (gated CCT) images.

Methods and results
Retrospectively, 560 gated CCT images (including 60 synthetic images) performed at our institution were used to train AI-model, which can automatically divide heart region into five areas belonging to left main (LM), left anterior descending (LAD), circumflex (LCX), right coronary artery (RCA), and another. Total and vessel-specific CAC score (CACS) in each scan were manually evaluated. AI-model was trained with novel Heart-labelling method via DL according to the manual-derived results. Then, another 409 gated CCT images obtained in our institution were used for model validation. The performance of present AI-model was tested using another external cohort of 400 gated CCT images of Stanford Center for Artificial Intelligence of Medical Imaging by comparing with the ground truth. The overall accuracy of the AI-model for total CACS classification was excellent with Cohen’s kappa of k = 0.89 and 0.95 (validation and test, respectively), which surpasses previous research of k = 0.89. Bland-Altman analysis showed little difference in individual total and vessel-specific CACS between AI-derived CACS and ground truth in test cohort (mean difference [95% confidence interval] were 1.5 [−42.6, 45.6], −1.5 [−100.5, 97.5], 6.6 [−60.2, 73.5], 0.96 [−59.2, 61.1], and 7.6 [−134.1, 149.2] for LM, LAD, LCX, RCA, and total CACS, respectively).

Conclusion
Present Heart-labelling method provides a further improvement in fully automated, total, and vessel-specific CAC quantification on gated CCT.
Social-emotional learning in ESOL with ninth-grade newcomers
Authors: Pentón Herrera Luis Javier 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Social-emotional learning (SEL) initiatives can have a positive effect on students’ emotions and well-being. However, SEL in ESOL classrooms remains underexplored. This article reports on a qualitative study which investigated ESOL learners’ perceptions of the effectiveness of SEL strategies in terms of their emotions and well-being. The study generated data using daily classroom observations, recorded classroom discussions, surveys, and artefacts. The analysis suggests students experienced positive emotions, such as happiness and feeling good and safe in the classroom as well as increased emotional awareness. The students highlighted the following strategies as being especially effective: restorative circles, letters to self, writing poetry, and classroom decorations. The findings demonstrate the need to embrace SEL practices as essential elements in ELT as they play a vital role in fostering students’ and teachers’ well-being, both within and beyond the classroom.
Personalized accelerated physiologic pacing
Authors: Meyer Markus , Infeld Margaret , Habel Nicole , Lustgarten Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasingly prevalent with a high socioeconomic burden. Pharmacological heart rate lowering was recommended to improve ventricular filling in HFpEF. This article discusses the misperceptions that have resulted in an overprescription of beta-blockers, which in all likelihood have untoward effects on patients with HFpEF, even if they have atrial fibrillation or coronary artery disease as a comorbidity. Directly contradicting the lower heart rate paradigm, faster heart rates provide haemodynamic and structural benefits, amongst which lower cardiac filling pressures and improved ventricular capacitance may be most important. Safe delivery of this therapeutic approach is feasible with atrial and ventricular conduction system pacing that aims to emulate or enhance cardiac excitation to maximize the haemodynamic benefits of accelerated pacing. This conceptual framework was first tested in the myPACE randomized controlled trial of patients with pre-existing pacemakers and preclinical or overt HFpEF. This article provides the background and path towards this treatment approach.