bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preferred type, timing and format of dementia information: A cross‐sectional survey of carers of people living with dementia
Authors: Berghout Mani , Waller Amy , Lachapelle Nicole , Noble Natasha , Nair Balakrishnan (Kichu) , Sanson‐Fisher Rob 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo clarify the unmet information needs of carers of people living with dementia, including the stage of their care journey at which topics become relevant, and the preferred format and mode of delivery of information.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of carers of people living with dementia was conducted between April 2022 and October 2022. Carers were recruited through public and private geriatric hospital and community clinics, aged care providers, an online research register and community dementia services. Consenting carers completed a survey assessing sociodemographic characteristics, preferred type and timing of information about dementia, accessing services, changes in behaviour/personality, changes in physical/emotional health, managing own health/well‐being and preferred information format and mode of delivery.ResultsA total of 163 carers returned a survey (20% response rate). Most carers (75–98%) reported wanting information across a range of topics. Carers preferred general dementia information at diagnosis, information about accessing services at or within the first year of diagnosis, and information on managing symptoms as they emerged. Carers were most interested in receiving information in‐person face‐to‐face (60% very interested), written information (51% very interested) or via face‐to‐face group information sessions (42% very interested).ConclusionsCarers of people living with dementia expressed a desire for information on a wide range of topics, which changed as the dementia of the person they cared for progressed. Information needs to be made available in a variety of formats to cater for differing ways in which it is consumed.
Dyeing of cotton/acrylic blend fabric in a single‐bath‐single‐stage method using indigo dye
Authors: Islam Mohammad Tajul , Alam Mohammed Mehedy , Islam Md Aminul , Riyadh Tanvir Ahmed 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, an attempt has been made to dye cotton/acrylic blend fabrics in a single‐bath‐single‐stage method considering today's growing market for such blended products. Yarn‐blend cotton/acrylic fabric was produced and dyed at 3% shade using indigo dye in the exhaust method to optimise the dyeing conditions by varying the amount of reducing agent, pH, and dyebath temperature. The colour yield of both the acrylic part and cotton components of the blend was influenced by pH levels. Meanwhile, the temperature played a notable role in determining the colour yield of the acrylic portion. Optimised dyeing conditions were obtained at pH 6 and 120°C for the acrylic part, whereas pH 11 and 90°C temperature were obtained for the cotton part. These conditions involved the use of sodium dithionite (15 g/L) as a reducing agent and sodium hydroxide as an alkali. While the yarn‐blend fabrics exhibited a unique shadow dyeing effect, solid dyeing results were achieved with fibre‐blend fabrics, underscoring the versatility of this single‐bath‐single‐stage method. To assess the overall dyeing performance, comprehensive evaluations including bursting strength measurements, assessments of fastness to washing, perspiration, and rubbing were conducted, all of which provided valuable insights into the durability and colour retention of the yarn‐blend fabrics. This research not only addresses the demand for cotton/acrylic blend fabrics in today's market but also demonstrates an efficient and innovative single‐bath‐single‐stage dyeing approach using indigo dye, which holds promise for the textile industry's future sustainability and product diversity.
Pharmacokinetic/LDL‐C and exposure–response analysis of tafolecimab in Chinese hypercholesterolemia patients: Results from phase I, II, and III studies
Authors: Yan Shuling , Zhao Xia , Xie Qiushi , Du Weijuan , Ma Qingyang , Zhu Tongkang , Deng Huan , Qian Lei , Zheng Shirui , Cui Yimin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTafolecimab, a novel fully human monoclonal antibody targeting PCSK9, has been assessed in Chinese healthy volunteers and patients with hypercholesterolemia. This analysis is to develop and qualify a population pharmacokinetics (PopPKs)/LDL‐C model to characterize tafolecimab PK and LDL‐C profiles, evaluate the impact of potential covariates on tafolecimab, estimate individual predicted exposure, and LDL‐C decreasing, furthermore, explore exposure–response relationship to support clinical use. Data from six clinical trials in China were used to develop the PopPK/LDL‐C model. A Michaelis–Menten approximation of the target‐mediated drug disposition (TMDD) model was used to describe PK data and indirect response (IDR) model was developed to estimate the LDL‐C profile. A stochastic approximation expectation maximization algorithm was applied to estimate PopPK/LDL‐C parameters. The PK/LDL‐C time course data for tafolecimab were well described by TMDD/IDR model. Baseline covariates resulting in statistically significant changes in PK/LDL‐C parameters included: body weight and sex on absorption rate constant; body weight, sex, and unbound PCSK9 on central volume; body weight and sex on clearance; baseline LDL‐C on first‐order rate constants for the removal of an effect); and disease and sex on maximum effect. However, the magnitudes of changes associated with these covariates do not necessitate dose adjustment. Exposure–efficacy relationship indicated that the nadir of LDL‐C reduction achieved with the steady‐state trough plasma concentration (Ctrough) of tafolecimab at 5 μg/mL, and no further LDL‐C decreasing with the increasing Ctrough. There was no exposure dependency observed in exposure‐safety exploration. The PopPK/LDL‐C model was successfully developed, validated, and predicted tafolecimab/LDL‐C concentrations and individual exposures.
Cytologic features of mesenchymal, melanocytic and haematolymphoid tumours of the central nervous system and metastases
Authors: Bárcena Carmen , Jiménez‐Heffernan José A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe current World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumours includes several neoplasms that, while occurring in this location, are more frequently seen extracranially. These include mesenchymal, melanocytic and haematolymphoid neoplasms, as well as metastases. A few of these entities are exclusive of the CNS and have no extracranial counterpart. Despite their diverse histogenesis, these neoplasms share a peculiar predilection for involving meningeal structures. In fact, in the context of an intraoperative pathologic consultation of a meningeal tumour, virtually all these entities should be considered as potential diagnoses. Metastases in the CNS are very common. Most are carcinomas that cytologically resemble their site of origin. Loss of differentiation with cell dissociation and anaplasia and presence of accompanying fibrillary brain parenchyma can be a source of diagnostic problems. In this review, we intend to show the most relevant cytologic features of these tumours, and it is especially aimed at their analysis during intraoperative studies.
Diagnostic delay, comorbid hidradenitis suppurativa and the prognostic value of bacterial culture in folliculitis decalvans: A cohort study
Authors: Lyakhovitsky Anna , Segal Oz , Galili Eran , Thompson Curtis T , Tzanani Ido , Scope Alon , Baum Sharon , Barzilai Aviv 
Published: October 2023

SummaryBackgroundFolliculitis decalvans (FD) is a type of primary neutrophilic cicatricial alopecia often leading to irreversible hair loss. Data on its epidemiology, clinical features, outcomes, and prognostic factors are limited.ObjectiveTo evaluate a cohort of patients with FD and identify characteristics of severe disease and prognostic factors which impede remission.Patients and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 192 patients diagnosed with FD and followed for at least six months at a tertiary center between 2010 and 2020.ResultsThere was a diagnostic delay averaging 22.2 (± 29.7) months. Comorbid follicular occlusion disorders were common. Bacterial cultures were positive in 45.6% of the cases, with Staphylococcus (S.) aureus being the most common pathogen. Severe disease was associated with comorbid hidradenitis suppurativa and a positive bacterial culture, particularly S. aureus. 50.7% of patients experienced complete remission: 32% within the first six months of treatment and 18.7% later during follow‐up. Relapses were frequent. Negative prognostic factors for achieving remission included younger age and a positive bacterial culture.ConclusionsThere is a need for the education of dermatologists to reduce the diagnostic delay. Screening FD patients for comorbid hidradenitis suppurativa and obtaining bacterial cultures is important for treatment planning.
Glucagon like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and the risk of skin cancer among patients with type 2 diabetes: Population‐based cohort study
Authors: Pradhan Richeek , Yu Oriana H. Y. , Platt Robert W. , Azoulay Laurent 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsThe objective of this study was to determine whether the use of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) is associated with an increased risk of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer, separately, compared with the use of sulfonylureas among patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsUsing the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink (2007–2019), we assembled two new‐user active comparator cohorts. In the first cohort assessing melanoma as the outcome, 11,786 new users of GLP‐1 RAs were compared with 208,519 new users of sulfonylureas. In the second cohort assessing nonmelanoma skin cancer as the outcome, 11,774 new users of GLP‐1 RAs were compared with 207,788 new users of sulfonylureas. Cox proportional hazards models weighted using propensity score fine stratification were fit to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer, respectively.ResultsCompared with sulfonylureas, GLP‐1 RAs were not associated with an increased risk of either melanoma (42.6 vs. 43.9 per 100,000 person‐years, respectively; HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.53–1.75) or nonmelanoma skin cancer (243.9 vs. 229.9 per 100,000 person‐years, respectively; HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.80–1.33). There was no evidence of an association between cumulative duration of use with either melanoma or nonmelanoma skin cancer. Consistent results were observed in secondary and sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsIn this population‐based cohort study, GLP‐1 RAs were not associated with an increased risk of melanoma or nonmelanoma skin cancer, compared with sulfonylureas.
Driven by crises: Price integration on the grain market in late medieval Flanders
Authors: Espeel Stef 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAt the centre of the debate on pre‐industrial economic growth is the study of market integration, a topic that has increasingly been the focus of intense scientific interest in recent decades. However, this has remained limited to the early modern and modern periods, mainly due to the availability of relevant data. New grain price series have been constructed for several Flemish cities dating back to the early fourteenth century. As one of the most populated regions in the late Middle Ages, the case of Flanders shows that the extraordinary sequence of price shocks in the mid‐fourteenth century had a positive impact on the degree of price integration in the grain market. The Flemish grain market functioned better in times of crisis, but caused prices to rise steadily across the entire integrated system during the prolonged crisis period. Whereas many studies have labelled the late Middle Ages – particularly the fifteenth century – as an age of economic contraction with more isolated trade networks, this study shows that Flanders remained a highly economically integrated region.
Cholinergic basal forebrain system degeneration underlies postural instability/gait difficulty and attention impairment in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Wu Chenqing , Wu Haoting , Zhou Cheng , Guan Xiaojun , Guo Tao , Cao Zhengye , Wu Jingjing , Liu Xiaocao , Chen Jingwen , Wen Jiaqi , Qin Jianmei , Tan Sijia , Duanmu Xiaojie , Yuan Weijin , Zheng Qianshi , Zhang Baorong , Huang Peiyu , Xu Xiaojun , Zhang Minming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe specific pathophysiological mechanisms underlying postural instability/gait difficulty (PIGD) and cognitive function in Parkinson's disease (PD) remain unclear. Both postural and gait control, as well as cognitive function, are associated with the cholinergic basal forebrain (cBF) system.MethodsA total of 84 PD patients and 82 normal controls were enrolled. Each participant underwent motor and cognitive assessments. Diffusion tensor imaging was used to detect structural abnormalities in the cBF system. The cBF was segmented using FreeSurfer, and its fiber tract was traced using probabilistic tractography. To provide information on extracellular water accumulation, free‐water fraction (FWf) was quantified. FWf in the cBF and its fiber tract, as well as cortical projection density, were extracted for statistical analyses.ResultsPatients had significantly higher FWf in the cBF (p < 0.001) and fiber tract (p = 0.021) than normal controls, as well as significantly lower cBF projection in the occipital (p < 0.001), parietal (p < 0.001) and prefrontal cortex (p = 0.005). In patients, a higher FWf in the cBF correlated with worse PIGD score (r = 0.306, p = 0.006) and longer Trail Making Test A time (r = 0.303, p = 0.007). Attentional function (Trail Making Test A) partially mediated the association between FWf in the cBF and PIGD score (indirect effect, a*b = 0.071; total effect, c = 0.256; p = 0.006).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that degeneration of the cBF system in PD, from the cBF to its fiber tract and cortical projection, plays an important role in cognitive−motor interaction.
Is FAD fishing an economic trap? Effects of seasonal closures and other management measures on a purse‐seine tuna fleet
Authors: Guillotreau P. , Salladarré F. , Capello M. , Dupaix A. , Floc'h L. , Tidd A. , Tolotti M. , Dagorn L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe management of fish aggregating devices (FAD) creates heated debates in tuna fishery management organizations striving to reduce the number of deployed floating objects. Through several econometric models and a machine learning approach, we evaluate the consequences of three management scenarios on the catch and profit of the French purse‐seine fleet operating in the Indian Ocean: (1) a half reduction in the number of authorized buoys per vessel, (2) a 72‐day closure of FAD fishing with and (3) without re‐allocation of effort on free schools. The results show a significant decrease of fleet profits by 7%, 10% and 18% respectively. We hypothesize an “economic trap” of FAD fishing caused by the far greater efficiency of this harvesting technique for larger vessels searching for economies of scale, and by the overfished status and catch limitation of yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) and bigeye (Thunnus obesus) tunas in the Indian Ocean. The results are compared with other studies looking at the impact of FAD management measures in other oceans.
Financial socialization and financial well‐being in early adulthood: The mediating role of financial capability
Authors: Pak Tae‐Young , Fan Lu , Chatterjee Swarn 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study explores the relationship between financial socialization agents and financial well‐being in early adulthood and the mediating role of financial capability.BackgroundThe family financial socialization theory provides a foundation for delineating the financial socialization process and outcomes in a family context. However, few studies have examined financial socialization experiences within a social context and their differential impacts on financial well‐being mediated by young adults' financial capability.MethodThis study used a sample of Koreans aged 25–39 years gathered from an online survey conducted in 2021 (N = 1,599). Linear regressions were used to estimate the associations between financial socialization agents and financial well‐being, and the mediating roles of financial capability factors.ResultsThe findings indicate that financial socialization from observing parental financial behavior was positively related to young adults' financial well‐being. Other socialization agents—including peers, media, and school—were generally uncorrelated with financial well‐being. Further analyses showed that financial capability was a mediator between observing parental financial behavior and financial well‐being.ConclusionYoung Korean adults who learned personal finance by observing their parents had higher financial well‐being. Part of this effect was due to the improved financial behavior learned through the socialization process.ImplicationsThe path to financial well‐being begins with experiential learning within a family context in early adulthood through improved financial behavior. Our findings call for greater attention to children who might be excluded from the benefits of family‐oriented financial socialization through observing parents' financial behaviors.
Did the COVID‐19 pandemic make better parents? A qualitative exploration of parents' experiences during a historic period
Authors: Xiao He 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo explore through the lens of the theoretical framework whether parents achieved any forms of improved parenting during the pandemic; in what way parents improved, if any; and what led to improved parenting.BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic and its repercussions gave rise to multiple challenges and hardships confronting children and parents. The ways parents handled the parenting demands varied. The research documented the presence of both unhealthy and nurturing parenting behaviors during the pandemic. During this course in which parents responded to the parenting demands, some facets of parenting (e.g., parenting practices, parenting cognitions) were subject to change. The current study placed the focus on positive parental changes, if any.MethodThe study employed a phenomenological approach. Fourteen parents (female = 12; White = 8; Black = 4, and Asian = 2; 11 of 14 were upper‐ to lower‐middle‐class families) constituted the sample. One‐on‐one semistructured interviews were conducted over Zoom for data collection. Thematic analysis was performed for data analysis.ResultsFour themes were constructed: targeted parental responses and changes, refined parenting skills and practices, enhanced understanding of parenting, and unsettled parenting styles.ConclusionSome parents achieved improved parenting (e.g., refined parenting skills, a new understanding of childrearing). Whether and to what extent parents bettered themselves were conditional on whether and how far parents went to adapt or adjust their parenting.ImplicationAlthough substantially improving parenting skills appears to be difficult, parents can still bring benefits to family by bettering themselves incrementally. Practitioners need to be a source of reinvigoration for parents who aim to improve their parenting and family equilibrium, particularly in the context of a crisis.
Development of genomic resources for cattails (Typha), a globally important macrophyte genus
Authors: Aleman Alberto , Dorken Marcel E. , Shafer Aaron B. A. , Patel Tulsi , Volkova Polina A. , Freeland Joanna R. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

A critical knowledge gap in freshwater plant research is the lack of genetic tools necessary to answer fundamental questions about their demographic histories, adaptation and phylogenetic relationships. One example of this is Typha, a global genus of freshwater plants foundational to wetlands that also is becoming an increasingly problematic biological invader in numerous regions worldwide; although important insights have been discovered for this genus, existing markers are insufficient to answer fundamental questions about their demographic histories, adaptation and phylogenetic relationships; to identify introduced and hybrid lineages; and to examine patterns of hybridisation and introgression.

We optimised a library preparation and data processing protocol to develop genome–wide nuclear and plastid resources for studying the evolutionary history, genetic structure and diversity, hybridisation, local adaptation, invasiveness, and geographical expansion dynamics of Typha.

We sequenced 140 Typha samples and identified ~120 K nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that differentiate T. angustifolia, T. domingensis and T. latifolia, and retrieved their plastome sequences. We observed genetic introgression among the three species.

Following a fast, straightforward and cost‐efficient genomic library preparation protocol, we produced a suite of genome‐wide resources to facilitate investigations into the taxonomy and population genetics of Typha and to advance the genomic understanding of wetland plants.

The protocol described, the updated chromosome‐level genome assembly of T. latifolia, the catalogue of species‐specific SNPs, and the chloroplast sequences produced in this study comprise permanent resources that can be applied to study the genetic composition of multiple populations and hybrid zones, and will be incorporated into future studies of Typha, an ecologically important and globally invasive macrophyte.
Association of polygenic scores for depression and neuroticism with perceived stress in daily life during a long‐lasting stress period
Authors: Peter Hannah L. , Giglberger Marina , Streit Fabian , Frank Josef , Kreuzpointner Ludwig , Rietschel Marcella , Kudielka Brigitte M. , Wüst Stefan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGenetic factors contribute significantly to interindividual differences in the susceptibility to stress‐related disorders. As stress can also be conceptualized as environmental exposure, controlled gene–environment interaction (GxE) studies with an in‐depth phenotyping may help to unravel mechanisms underlying the interplay between genetic factors and stress. In a prospective‐longitudinal quasi‐experimental study, we investigated whether polygenic scores (PGS) for depression (DEP‐PGS) and neuroticism (NEU‐PGS), respectively, were associated with responses to chronic stress in daily life. We examined law students (n = 432) over 13 months. Participants in the stress group experienced a long‐lasting stress phase, namely the preparation for the first state examination for law students. The control group consisted of law students without particular stress exposure. In the present manuscript, we analyzed perceived stress levels assessed at high frequency and in an ecologically valid manner by ambulatory assessments as well as depression symptoms and two parameters of the cortisol awakening response. The latter was only assessed in a subsample (n = 196). No associations between the DEP‐PGS and stress‐related variables were found. However, for the NEU‐PGS we found a significant GxE effect. Only in individuals experiencing academic stress a higher PGS for neuroticism predicted stronger increases of perceived stress levels until the exam. At baseline, a higher NEU‐PGS was associated with higher perceived stress levels in both groups. Despite the small sample size, we provide preliminary evidence that the genetic disposition for neuroticism is associated with stress level increases in daily life during a long‐lasting stress period.