bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bispecific antibodies and CAR-T cells: dueling immunotherapies for large B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Trabolsi Asaad , Arumov Artavazd , Schatz Jonathan H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDespite recent advances in frontline therapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), at least a third of those diagnosed still will require second or further lines for relapsed or refractory (rel/ref) disease. A small minority of these can be cured with standard chemoimmunotherapy/stem-cell transplant salvage approaches. CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-19) therapies are increasingly altering the prognostic landscape for rel/ref patients with DLBCL and related aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Long-term follow up data show ongoing disease-free outcomes consistent with cure in 30–40% after CAR-19, including high-risk patients primary refractory to or relapsing within 1 year of frontline treatment. This has made CAR-19 a preferred option for these difficult-to-treat populations. Widespread adoption, however, remains challenged by logistical and patient-related hurdles, including a requirement for certified tertiary care centers concentrated in urban centers, production times of at least 3–4 weeks, and high per-patients costs similar to allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are molecular biotherapies designed to bind and activate effector T-cells and drive them to B-cell antigens, leading to a similar cellular-dependent cytotoxicity as CAR-19. May and June of 2023 saw initial approvals of next-generation BsAbs glofitamab and epcoritamab in DLBCL as third or higher-line therapy, or for patients ineligible for CAR-19. BsAbs have similar spectrum but generally reduced severity of immune related side effects as CAR-19 and can be administered in community settings without need to manufacture patient-specific cellular products. To date and in contrast to CAR-19, however, there is no convincing evidence of cure after BsAbs monotherapy, though follow up is limited. The role of BsAbs in DLBCL treatment is rapidly evolving with trials investigating use in both relapsed and frontline curative-intent combinations. The future of DLBCL treatment is bound increasingly to include effector cell mediated immunotherapies, but further optimization of both cellular and BsAb approaches is needed.
Virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.5 variant
Authors: Tamura Tomokazu , Irie Takashi , Deguchi Sayaka , Yajima Hisano , Tsuda Masumi , Nasser Hesham , Mizuma Keita , Plianchaisuk Arnon , Suzuki Saori , Uriu Keiya , Begum Mst Monira , Shimizu Ryo , Jonathan Michael , Suzuki Rigel , Kondo Takashi , Ito Hayato , Kamiyama Akifumi , Yoshimatsu Kumiko , Shofa Maya , Hashimoto Rina , Anraku Yuki , Kimura Kanako Terakado , Kita Shunsuke , Sasaki Jiei , Sasaki-Tabata Kaori , Maenaka Katsumi , Nao Naganori , Wang Lei , Oda Yoshitaka ,   The Genotype to Phenotype Japan (G2P-Japan) Consortium, Sawa Hirofumi , Kawabata Ryoko , Watanabe Yukio , Sakamoto Ayaka , Yasuhara Naoko , Suzuki Tateki , Nakajima Yukari , Ferdous Zannatul , Shishido Kenji , Mugita Yuka , Takahashi Otowa , Ichihara Kimiko , Kaku Yu , Misawa Naoko , Guo Ziyi , Hinay Alfredo , Kosugi Yusuke , Fujita Shigeru , Tolentino Jarel M. , Chen Luo , Pan Lin , Suganami Mai , Chiba Mika , Yoshimura Ryo , Yasuda Kyoko , Iida Keiko , Ohsumi Naomi , Strange Adam P. , Shibatani Yuki , Nishiuchi Tomoko , Tanaka Shiho , Putri Olivia , Joas Gustav , Kim Yoonjin , Yamasoba Daichi , Yoshimura Kazuhisa , Sadamasu Kenji , Nagashima Mami , Asakura Hiroyuki , Yoshida Isao , Nakagawa So , Takaori-Kondo Akifumi , Shirakawa Kotaro , Nagata Kayoko , Nomura Ryosuke , Horisawa Yoshihito , Tashiro Yusuke , Kawai Yugo , Ueno Takamasa , Motozono Chihiro , Toyoda Mako , Ikeda Terumasa , Saito Akatsuki , Matsuno Keita , Ito Jumpei , Tanaka Shinya , Sato Kei , Hashiguchi Takao , Takayama Kazuo , Fukuhara Takasuke 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCirculation of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB has resulted in the emergence of XBB.1.5, a new Variant of Interest. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that XBB.1.5 evolved from XBB.1 by acquiring the S486P spike (S) mutation, subsequent to the acquisition of a nonsense mutation in ORF8. Neutralization assays showed similar abilities of immune escape between XBB.1.5 and XBB.1. We determine the structural basis for the interaction between human ACE2 and the S protein of XBB.1.5, showing similar overall structures between the S proteins of XBB.1 and XBB.1.5. We provide the intrinsic pathogenicity of XBB.1 and XBB.1.5 in hamsters. Importantly, we find that the ORF8 nonsense mutation of XBB.1.5 resulted in impairment of MHC suppression. In vivo experiments using recombinant viruses reveal that the XBB.1.5 mutations are involved with reduced virulence of XBB.1.5. Together, our study identifies the two viral functions defined the difference between XBB.1 and XBB.1.5.
Contribution of climate change to the spatial expansion of West Nile virus in Europe
Authors: Erazo Diana , Grant Luke , Ghisbain Guillaume , Marini Giovanni , Colón-González Felipe J. , Wint William , Rizzoli Annapaola , Van Bortel Wim , Vogels Chantal B. F. , Grubaugh Nathan D. , Mengel Matthias , Frieler Katja , Thiery Wim , Dellicour Simon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWest Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging mosquito-borne pathogen in Europe where it represents a new public health threat. While climate change has been cited as a potential driver of its spatial expansion on the continent, a formal evaluation of this causal relationship is lacking. Here, we investigate the extent to which WNV spatial expansion in Europe can be attributed to climate change while accounting for other direct human influences such as land-use and human population changes. To this end, we trained ecological niche models to predict the risk of local WNV circulation leading to human cases to then unravel the isolated effect of climate change by comparing factual simulations to a counterfactual based on the same environmental changes but a counterfactual climate where long-term trends have been removed. Our findings demonstrate a notable increase in the area ecologically suitable for WNV circulation during the period 1901–2019, whereas this area remains largely unchanged in a no-climate-change counterfactual. We show that the drastic increase in the human population at risk of exposure is partly due to historical changes in population density, but that climate change has also been a critical driver behind the heightened risk of WNV circulation in Europe.
Surface triggered stabilization of metastable charge-ordered phase in SrTiO3
Authors: Eom Kitae , Chung Bongwook , Oh Sehoon , Zhou Hua , Seo Jinsol , Oh Sang Ho , Jang Jinhyuk , Choi Si-Young , Choi Minsu , Seo Ilwan , Lee Yun Sang , Kim Youngmin , Lee Hyungwoo , Lee Jung-Woo , Lee Kyoungjun , Rzchowski Mark , Eom Chang-Beom , Lee Jaichan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCharge ordering (CO), characterized by a periodic modulation of electron density and lattice distortion, has been a fundamental topic in condensed matter physics, serving as a potential platform for inducing novel functional properties. The charge-ordered phase is known to occur in a doped system with high d-electron occupancy, rather than low occupancy. Here, we report the realization of the charge-ordered phase in electron-doped (100) SrTiO3 epitaxial thin films that have the lowest d-electron occupancy i.e., d1-d0. Theoretical calculation predicts the presence of a metastable CO state in the bulk state of electron-doped SrTiO3. Atomic scale analysis reveals that (100) surface distortion favors electron-lattice coupling for the charge-ordered state, and triggering the stabilization of the CO phase from a correlated metal state. This stabilization extends up to six unit cells from the top surface to the interior. Our approach offers an insight into the means of stabilizing a new phase of matter, extending CO phase to the lowest electron occupancy and encompassing a wide range of 3d transition metal oxides.
Autoinhibition and activation of myosin VI revealed by its cryo-EM structure
Authors: Niu Fengfeng , Li Lingxuan , Wang Lei , Xiao Jinman , Xu Shun , Liu Yong , Lin Leishu , Yu Cong , Wei Zhiyi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMyosin VI is the only molecular motor that moves towards the minus end along actin filaments. Numerous cellular processes require myosin VI and tight regulations of the motor’s activity. Defects in myosin VI activity are known to cause genetic diseases such as deafness and cardiomyopathy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the activity regulation of myosin VI remain elusive. Here, we determined the high-resolution cryo-electron microscopic structure of myosin VI in its autoinhibited state. Our structure reveals that autoinhibited myosin VI adopts a compact, monomeric conformation via extensive interactions between the head and tail domains, orchestrated by an elongated single-α-helix region resembling a “spine”. This autoinhibited structure effectively blocks cargo binding sites and represses the motor’s ATPase activity. Certain cargo adaptors such as GIPC can release multiple inhibitory interactions and promote motor activity, pointing to a cargo-mediated activation of the processive motor. Moreover, our structural findings allow rationalization of disease-associated mutations in myosin VI. Beyond the activity regulation mechanisms of myosin VI, our study also sheds lights on how activities of other myosin motors such as myosin VII and X might be regulated.
Brain gray matter morphometry relates to onset age of bilingualism and theory of mind in young and older adults
Authors: Li Xiaoqian , Ng Kwun Kei , Wong Joey Ju Yu , Zhou Juan Helen , Yow W. Quin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLifelong bilingualism may result in neural reserve against decline not only in the general cognitive domain, but also in social cognitive functioning. In this study, we show the brain structural correlates that are associated with second language age of acquisition (L2AoA) and theory of mind (the ability to reason about mental states) in normal aging. Participants were bilingual adults (46 young, 50 older) who completed a theory-of-mind task battery, a language background questionnaire, and an anatomical MRI scan to obtain cortical morphometric features (i.e., gray matter volume, thickness, and surface area). Findings indicated a theory-of-mind decline in older adults compared to young adults, controlling for education and general cognition. Importantly, earlier L2AoA and better theory-of-mind performance were associated with larger volume, higher thickness, and larger surface area in the bilateral temporal, medial temporal, superior parietal, and prefrontal brain regions. These regions are likely to be involved in mental representations, language, and cognitive control. The morphometric association with L2AoA in young and older adults were comparable, but its association with theory of mind was stronger in older adults than young adults. The results demonstrate that early bilingual acquisition may provide protective benefits to intact theory-of-mind abilities against normal age-related declines.
A systematic review and meta analysis of measurement properties for the flexion relaxation ratio in people with and without non specific spine pain
Authors: De Carvalho Diana , Mackey Sarah , To Daphne , Summers Allyson , Frey Mona , Romme Kristen , Hogg-Johnson Sheilah , Howarth Samuel J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis review sought to identify, critically appraise, compare, and summarize the literature on the reliability, discriminative validity and responsiveness of the flexion relaxation ratio (FRR) in adults (≥ 18 years old) with or without spine pain (any duration), in either a clinical or research context. The review protocol was registered on Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/27EDF) and follows COSMIN, PRISMA, and PRESS guidelines. Six databases were searched from inception to June 1, 2022. The search string was developed by content experts and a health services librarian. Two pairs of reviewers independently completed titles/abstracts and full text screening for inclusion, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment (COSMIN RoB Toolkit). At all stages, discrepancies were resolved through consensus meetings. Data were pooled where possible with a three-level random effects meta-analyses and a modified GRADE assessment was used for the summary of findings. Following duplicate removal, 728 titles/abstracts and 219 full texts were screened with 23 included in this review. We found, with moderate certainty of evidence, that the cervical FRR has high test–retest reliability and lumbar FRR has moderate to high test–retest reliability, and with high certainty of evidence that the cervical and lumbar FRR can discriminate between healthy and clinical groups (standardized mean difference − 1.16 [95% CI − 2.00, − 0.32] and − 1.21 [− 1.84, − 0.58] respectively). There was not enough evidence to summarize findings for thoracic FRR discriminative validity or the standard error of measurement for the FRR. Several studies used FRR assuming responsiveness, but no studies were designed in a way that could confirm responsiveness. The evidence supports adequate reliability of FRR for the cervical and lumbar spine, and discriminative validity for the cervical and lumbar spine only. Improvements in study design and reporting are needed to strengthen the evidence base to determine the remaining measurement properties of this outcome.
Associations of lifestyle with burnout risk and recovery need in Flemish secondary schoolteachers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Verhavert Yanni , Deliens Tom , Van Cauwenberg Jelle , Van Hoof Elke , Matthys Christophe , de Vries Juriena , Clarys Peter , De Martelaer Kristine , Zinzen Evert 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTeacher burnout and high recovery need are a topic of concern for educational institutions. This cross-sectional study assesses the association between lifestyle (including physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), dietary behavior and sleep), burnout risk and recovery need in 1878 secondary schoolteachers in Flanders. In September–October 2019, an online-questionnaire assessing burnout (i.e., emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment), recovery need, PA-domains, SB-domains, dietary behavior (including fruit and vegetable intake and diet quality) and sleep during the week and the weekend was completed. Multiple linear regression models were applied. More emotional exhaustion was associated with more domestic and garden PA, work-related SB and sleep during the weekend, whereas higher scores of emotional exhaustion were associated with lower fruit intake, diet quality and less sleep during the week. More depersonalization was associated with more leisure-time PA and work-related SB and with lower fruit intake. Teachers showing more recovery need, showed more domestic and garden PA and work-related SB, but less leisure-time PA and sleep during the week. Future research should use longitudinal or experimental designs to get more insight into causality. Despite the low effect sizes, education networks and schools might benefit from promoting and facilitating a healthy lifestyle in secondary schoolteachers.
Continuous-wave second-harmonic generation in the far-UVC pumped by a blue laser diode
Authors: Stanton Eric J. , Tønning Peter , Ulsig Emil Z. , Calmar Stig , Stanton Maiya A. , Thomsen Simon T. , Gravesen Kevin B. , Johansen Peter , Volet Nicolas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFar-UVC light in the wavelength range of 200–230 nm has attracted renewed interest because of its safety for human exposure and effectiveness in inactivating pathogens. Here we present a compact solid-state far-UVC laser source based on second-harmonic generation (SHG) using a low-cost commercially-available blue laser diode pump. Leveraging the high intensity of light in a nanophotonic waveguide and heterogeneous integration, our approach achieves Cherenkov phase-matching across a bonded interface consisting of a silicon nitride (SiN) waveguide and a beta barium borate (BBO) nonlinear crystal. Through systematic investigations of waveguide dimensions and pump power, we analyze the dependencies of Cherenkov emission angle, conversion efficiency, and output power. Experimental results confirm the feasibility of generating far-UVC, paving the way for mass production in a compact form factor. This solid-state far-UVC laser source shows significant potential for applications in human-safe disinfection, non-line-of-sight free-space communication, and deep-UV Raman spectroscopy.
Tibial morphology of symptomatic osteoarthritic knees varies according to location: a retrospective observational study in Japanese patients
Authors: Ishibashi Teruya , Konda Shoji , Tamaki Masashi , Okada Seiji , Tomita Tetsuya 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study analyzed 31 patients with symptomatic osteoarthritic knees scheduled to undergo knee arthroplasty or high tibial osteotomy and demonstrated shape variations in their proximal tibia using an average three-dimensional (3D) bone model. Preoperative computed tomography of the affected knees was reconstructed as 3D bone models using a triangle mesh of surface layers. The initial case was defined as the template, and the other models were reconstructed into homologous models with the same number of mesh vertices as that in the template. The corresponding mesh vertices of the other models were averaged to evaluate the spatial position on the particular mesh vertex of the template. This was applied to all the mesh vertices of the template to generate the average 3D model. To quantify the variation in surface geometry, average minimum distance from the average bone model to 31 models was recorded. The medial proximal tibial cortex (1.63 mm) revealed lesser variation compared to the tibial tuberosity (2.50 mm) and lateral cortex (2.38 mm), (p = 0.004 and p = 0.020, respectively). The medial tibial plateau (1.46 mm) revealed larger variation compared to the lateral tibial plateau (1.16 mm) (p = 0.044). Understanding 3D geometry could help in development of implants for arthroplasty and knee osteotomy.
Dolutegravir based therapy showed CD4+ T cell count recovery and viral load suppression among ART naïve people living with HIV AIDS: a pilot evaluation
Authors: Gebremedhin Teshager , Aynalem Melak , Adem Mohammed , Geremew Demeke , Aleka Yetemwork , Kiflie Amare 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecently, dolutegravir (DTG)-based combined therapy, a more effective and safer first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART), has been recommended by the World Health Organization for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) since July 2018. However, its effectiveness in CD4+ T-cells count recovery and viral load suppression has not been studied yet in Ethiopia, where HIV is endemic. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a pilot assessment on the effect of DTG-based therapy on CD4+ T-cell count and viral load count among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Ethiopia. A longitudinal prospective cohort study was conducted from July 2020 to February 2021. 109 PLWH who are ART naive but plan to initiate DTG-based therapy were recruited. HIV viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) copies were determined using polymerase chain reaction. To compute the difference in viral load and CD4+ T-cell counts between the baseline, 3rd, and 6th months, a Friedman test was used. The study included 109 PLWH who had never received antiretroviral medication. Participants taking DTG-based treatment showed significantly decreasing median (IQR) values of viral load count (copies/mL) from 446,812 (237649.5–732994.5) at baseline to 34 (23.5–46) at 3 months and 0.0 (0–19) at 6 months of treatment follow-up. Although the treatment increases the proportion of participants with HIV-1 RNA 50 copies/mL from 0 (0% at baseline) to 87 (79.8%) and 100 (91.7%) at the 3rd and 6th months of treatment, respectively, On the other hand, the CD4+ T-cell count increased significantly during treatment: median (IQR): 209 (81.5–417.5) versus 291 (132–522) versus 378 (181–632.5) cells/L at baseline, the 3rd and 6th months of the treatment follow-up period, respectively. We found dolutegravir-based therapy was a promising option with high virological suppression rates and CD4+ T-cell count recovery, demonstrating a restoration of cellular immunity. Moreover, Viral load suppression rates were high after the initiation of the treatment. We recommend further research should be conducted with a larger number of participants to acquire greater awareness of the treatment outcomes.
Framing fact-checks as a “confirmation” increases engagement with corrections of misinformation: a four-country study
Authors: Aruguete Natalia , Batista Flavia , Calvo Ernesto , Guizzo-Altube Matias , Scartascini Carlos , Ventura Tiago 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPrevious research has extensively investigated why users spread misinformation online, while less attention has been given to the motivations behind sharing fact-checks. This article reports a four-country survey experiment assessing the influence of confirmation and refutation frames on engagement with online fact-checks. Respondents randomly received semantically identical content, either affirming accurate information (“It is TRUE that p”) or refuting misinformation (“It is FALSE that not p”). Despite semantic equivalence, confirmation frames elicit higher engagement rates than refutation frames. Additionally, confirmation frames reduce self-reported negative emotions related to polarization. These findings are crucial for designing policy interventions aiming to amplify fact-check exposure and reduce affective polarization, particularly in critical areas such as health-related misinformation and harmful speech.