bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma fatty acids patterns and hyperlipidemia: a prospective study
Authors: Gao Ying , Zhao Jing 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundIndividual fatty acids in plasma have been associated with blood lipids, including triglyceride, total cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, reports studying multiple fatty acids simultaneously are still fragmentary.ObjectivesWe aimed to identify the individuals with certain fatty acids pattern whose blood lipids were more susceptible to change.DesignOne thousand nine hundred and seven Chinese were followed up for two years. Thirty three fatty acids in baseline plasma samples were measured with GC‐FID. iCluster analysis was used to classify the study subjects into subgroups according to fatty acids pattern. Logistic regression was used to explore the hyperlipidemia risk of the subjects with different fatty acids patterns.ResultsFour patterns were identified; correspondingly, four subgroups of subjects were classified: two for subjects with normal blood lipids and two for those with hyperlipidemia. Normal lipidemia (NL) subgroup 2 was characterized by the highest steric acid, very‐long‐chain saturated fatty acids (VLCSFA), and n‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). Hyperlipidemia (HL) subgroup 2 had the highest myristic acid, de novo lipogenesis (DNL) fatty acids, α‐linolenic acid, and γ‐linolenic acid. NL‐subgroup 1 and HL‐subgroup 1 were similar in fatty acids patterns and had the middle level of these fatty acids. NL‐subgroup 1 had 61% higher risk of suffering from hyperlipidemia than NL‐subgroup 2 (RR=1.61, 95% CI=1.29–2.02). HL‐subgroup 1 had 46% higher probability of returning to normal‐lipidemia than HL‐subgroup 2 (RR=1.46, 95% CI=1.13–1.90).ConclusionSubjects with fatty acids pattern featured with higher DNL fatty acids and alpha‐linolenic acid, but lower VLCSFAs and n‐3 LCPUFAs, had more dynamic blood lipids. Intervention might be more effective on these subjects.Support or Funding Information100 talented plan of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Differences in Hepcidin Concentrations by Sickle Cell and α+‐Thalassemia Genotype: A Cross‐Sectional Study Nested Within the Kenya WASH Benefits Trial
Authors: Byrd Kendra , Rao Gouthami , Lin Audrie , Arnold Charles D. , Kiprotich Marion , Dentz Holly N. , Williams Thomas N. , Pickering Amy , Null A. Clair , Stewart Christine P. 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveHepcidin is a key iron‐regulatory hormone, and is influenced by iron status, inflammation, and erythropoiesis. Many forms of hemoglobinopathies are characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis, which may suppress hepcidin concentrations. The objective of this study was to determine if there are differences in hepcidin concentration by sickle cell or α+‐thalassemia genotype, while controlling for iron status.MethodsInfants enrolled in this sub‐study were selected from the WASH Benefits Trial, a trial carried out in western Kenya designed to measure the impact of improvements in water, sanitation, hygiene, and nutrition on child growth, child development, and anemia. Serum samples were analyzed for hepcidin and ferritin, and packed cells were genotyped for α+‐thalassemia and sickle cell. Hepcidin concentrations were compared across sickle cell and α+‐thalassemia genotypes separately, and another comparison was made between infants who were normozygous for both conditions, and who had a gene for either of the conditions. Data were analyzed using mixed effect linear models, with robust standard errors at the cluster level.ResultsSamples were available for 435 infants, aged 14–20 months. In this population, 83.4% of the infants were normozygous for sickle cell disorder (HbAA), 15.9% had sickle cell trait (HbAS), and 1.0% had sickle cell disorder (HbSS). Of the α+‐thalassemia genotype, 53% were normozygous (αα/αα), 40% were heterozygous (−α/αα), and 7% were homozygous (−α/−α). Hepcidin concentrations were significantly higher among those with either form of hemoglobinopathy compared to those who were normal for both conditions (β 1.16 ng/mL, 95% CI 1.02–1.57, p = 0.03). A significant interaction was found between the sickle cell genotype and ferritin concentrations. Among those with HbAA, there was a significant correlation between hepcidin and ferritin (r = 0.55, p<0.001). However, among those with HbAS, there was a reduced and only marginal correlation (r = 0.22, p = 0.09). Similarly, among infants who were either normal or heterozygous for α+‐thalassemia, hepcidin and ferritin were significantly correlated (r = 0.54, p<0.001, r = 0.51, p<0.001, respectively), but in infants who were homozygous for α+‐thalassemia, there was no correlation (r = 0.33, p =0.547).ConclusionIn this study, we found that hepcidin concentrations were modestly elevated in children with either sickle cell or α+‐thalassemia traits. These data also suggest that there may be a disruption in ferritin and hepcidin signaling among those who are affected by either of these conditions.Support or Funding InformationFunding source: This project was funded by a grant to UC Berkeley from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation with additional support from the Thrasher Research Fund and the National Institutes of Health.
The impact of avocado fruit on postprandial markers of cardio‐metabolic risk: An acute dose response study
Authors: Park Eunyoung , Huang Yancui , Xiao Di , Edirisinghe Indika , Burton‐Freeman Britt Marie 
Published: November 2023

Avocados are a distinctive fruit characterized by their nutrient‐rich content including monounsaturated fat (MUFA), fiber and a number of essential micronutrients and bioactive phytochemicals. The aim of the present study was to assess the acute effects of two intake levels of avocado compared to no avocado on postprandial indices of metabolic and vascular health including glucose, insulin, lipids, and flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress/damage.A single‐center, randomized, 3‐arm, controlled, 6‐h postprandial, crossover study was conducted in relatively healthy overweight/obese middle‐aged adults (n=31). Participants consumed a standardized Western‐style breakfast (640 kcal) containing 0 mg (Control), 68g (~ ½ Hass avocado, Half‐A) or 136 g (~ 1 Hass avocado, Whole‐A) on three separate occasions.Increasing the MUFA and fiber content of the meal by replacing calories from carbohydrate with calories from avocados decreased the postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses to meals over 6 h, independent of dose, compared to the Control meal (both p<0.0001). FMD (% change) was significantly increased with avocado in the meals (treatments and treatment by time interaction, p<0.01 and p<0.005, respectively (percent Mean FMD ± SEM for Half‐A: baseline 5.2 ± 0.9%, 1‐h 9.0 ± 0.9% and 3‐h 11.5% ± 0.9%; Whole‐A: baseline 5.4 ± 0.9%, 1‐h 10.6 ± 0.9%, 3‐h 10.5 ± 0.9%; Control: baseline 5.6 ± 0.9%, 1‐h 5.0 ± 0.9%, 3‐h 7.4 ± 0.9%). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses of lipids/lipoprotein particles indicated modified lipoprotein metabolism with Whole‐A consumption vs Control. Briefly, lower concentrations of postprandial triglyceride rich lipoprotein particles after the Whole‐A compared to the Control meal (p=0.02) were evident. A trend for treatment differences in the metabolism of LDL and HDL particles were also apparent with indication of differences by race/ethnicity on some outcomes (p<0.05).No differences in the concentrations of oxidized LDL, MCP‐1, IL‐6 were observed over time or between meals, although TNF‐α tended to be lower after Whole‐A vs Control meal (p=0.07).The present study provides important insight regarding the acute metabolic and cardio‐vascular benefits of incorporating avocados into a meal. Avocado meals improved postprandial glucose, insulin and lipid profiles with concomitant improvements in vascular reactivity as measured by FMD in middle‐aged, overweight/obese adults. The data contribute to a growing body of evidence revealing the health benefits of avocados.Support or Funding InformationSupported by Hass Avocado Board, Irvine, CA
Strawberry Supplementation Lessens Vascular Inflammation and Dysfunction Displayed by Diabetic db/db Mice
Authors: Petersen Chrissa , Bharat Divya , Cutler Brett , Gholami Samira , Denetso Christopher , Mueller Jennifer Ellen , Cho Jae Min , Kim Ji‐Seok , Symons J David , Velayutham Anandh Babu Pon 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundCardiovascular disease is 2–4 fold more prevalent in patients with diabetes. In diabetes high glucose induced vascular inflammation and the subsequent endothelial dysfunction leads to the development of atherosclerosis. Human studies have shown that the consumption of strawberries (SB) improves cardiovascular risk but the effects of SB on diabetic vasculature are unknown. We sought to determine whether dietary strawberry supplementation attenuates vascular inflammation and dysfunction in diabetic db/db mice.MethodsSeven‐week old male diabetic db/db mice that consumed standard chow (db/db) or chow supplemented with 2.35% freeze‐dried strawberries (db/db+SB) for 10 weeks were compared to non‐diabetic control mice (db/+). Based on normalization to body surface area, the SB dose is equivalent to two human servings of SB (~160 g) per day. In vivo assessments at ~17 weeks included body weight and food intake, glucose (GTT), and insulin (ITT) tolerance, and systemic arterial blood pressure (tail cuff). Ex vivo analyses included arterial inflammation (monocyte binding to aortic endothelium), endothelial cell (EC) inflammation (mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in carotid artery ECs), and mesenteric arterial reactivity (isometric tension procedures).ResultsCompared to db/+ animals, both diabetic groups displayed similar increases (p<0.05) in weight gain and impairments (p<0.05) in glucose and insulin tolerance. Arterial pressure (systolic, diastolic, and mean) was higher (p<0.05) in db/db vs. db/+ mice, but the severity of hypertension was attenuated (p<0.05) in db/db+SB mice. Relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh; 10−8‐10−6 M) in arteries precontracted with ~ 10−6 M phenylephrine was impaired (p<0.05) in db/db mice vs. db/+ animals, but no differences existed between db/db+SB vs. db/+ mice. Vasorelaxation to sodium nitroprusside (10−9‐10−4 M) was complete and similar among groups. Mouse monocyte WEHI 78/24 cells exhibited higher (p<0.05) binding to the aortic endothelium of db/db vs. db/+ mice, but this response was attenuated (p<0.05) in aortic endothelium from db/db+SB mice. Consistent with these findings, relative to results obtained from db/+ animals, elevations of MCP‐1/JE and KC expression were greater (p<0.05) in carotid artery ECs from db/db but were suppressed in db/db+SB mice.ConclusionDietary supplementation of strawberries attenuates indices of diabetes‐induced vascular dysfunction without altering glucose and insulin tolerance. This study provides proof of concept for further considering strawberries as an adjunct therapy to improving vascular complications associated with diabetes.Support or Funding InformationSupported by University of Utah Seed Grant and the College of Health Research Pilot Grant.
Effect of tocotrienol and statin on glucose homeostasis in high‐fat‐diet‐induced obese mice
Authors: Wright Kandis , Kaur Gurvinder , Tomison Michael D , Ogunmokun Gilbert , Rodriguez Anna , Dufour Jannette , Quintana Roger , Shen ChwanLi 
Published: November 2023

Previously we have demonstrated the beneficial effect of tocotrienol (TT, extracted from annatto consisting of 90% delta‐TT and 10% gamma‐TT) on glucose homeostasis in inbred male obese C57BL/6J mice. This study further examines the effects of TT in conjunction with statin on high‐fat‐diet‐(HFD)‐induced insulin resistance of obese outbred CD‐1 mice. In order to compare the effects of TT and statin and the interactive effects between these treatments, a 2 (no TT vs. TT) × 2 (no statin vs. statin) factorial ANOVA was used. Forty male CD‐1 mice (6‐weeks‐old) were assigned to 4 groups (n=10/group): HFD, HFD+TT (TT at 60 mg/kg body weight via oral feeding, 5x/week), HFD+statin (statin at 120 mg/kg diet), and HFD+TT+statin for 14 weeks. To determine the effects of TT and statin on glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance, glucose tolerance (GTT, 2g glucose/kg of body weight) and insulin tolerance (ITT, 1U/kg of body weight) tests were performed. The HFD group had impaired glucose tolerance and was insulin resistant as determined by GTT and ITT, respectively. Statin treatment alone improved the glucose homeostasis while TT alone had no beneficial effect. Interestingly, TT and statin had positive synergistic effect in improving glucose homeostasis. Both TT and statin treatment, alone or in combination, improved insulin sensitivity. Overall, our data demonstrates that TT and statin collectively improve glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity.Support or Funding InformationAmerican River Nutrition, Inc., Hadley, MA.
Dietary Fiber Supplementation Normalizes Serum Metabolites of Adults with Overweight/Obesity in a 12‐Week Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Mayengbam Shyamchand , Lambert Jennifer E. , Parnell Jill A. , Tunnicliffe Jasmine M. , Han Jay , Sturzenegger Troy , Vogel Hans J. , Shearer Jane , Reimer Raylene A. 
Published: November 2023

Obesity predisposes to the development of several metabolic insults such as glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. It is also associated with alterations in gut microbiota and their metabolites in humans. A growing body of evidence demonstrates the importance of dietary fiber in preventing and managing several metabolic diseases. The current study aimed to provide mechanistic insight into the potential beneficial effects of yellow pea fiber in treating obesity‐related metabolic dysfunctions. A total of 53 overweight and obese adults were randomly assigned to a pea fiber (PF, n=29) or control (CO, n=24) group for 12 weeks. The PF group received wafers containing 5g/serving of yellow pea fiber thrice a day, while the CO group received an isocaloric amount of control wafer with no fiber. Serum and fecal samples were collected at baseline and at the end of the study. We employed 1H‐NMR spectroscopy and LC‐MS to analyse serum metabolites; and GC‐MS and HPLC‐DAD to analyse fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BAs) respectively. Serum metabolomics analysis revealed impairments in acetylcarnitine, hexose, and certain glycerophsopholipids, SCFAs and amino acids concentrations in CO group which were not observed in the PF group compared to their baseline values. On the other hand, there was no significant change in fecal SCFAs and BAs in CO group. However, we found a significant increase in fecal acetate (P=0.039) and significant decreases in fecal isovalerate (P=0.015), cholic acid (P=0.011), deoxycholic acid (P=0.014) and total BAs (P=0.042) content in the PF group compared to baseline. A pathway analysis indicated potential defects in the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, aminoacyl‐tRNA biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, butanoate metabolism and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism in CO group which could be prevented by the addition of yellow pea fiber in the diet. Thus, the current study provided crucial mechanistic insight for the role of yellow pea fiber in the management of obesity and related diseasesSupport or Funding InformationAlberta Innovates‐Health Solutions, Alberta Innovates‐Bio Solutions, Alberta Pulse Growers Commission; Eyes High Postdoctoral Fellowship
Regulation of Inducible Brown‐like Phenotype by Dietary 18‐Carbon Fatty Acids in Mouse Adipocytes
Authors: Shin Sunhye , Ajuwon Kolapo 
Published: November 2023

Dietary fatty acids, in particular long‐chain fatty acids (LCFAs), regulate several metabolic processes and the activity of key transcription factors. However, effects of fatty acids on inducible brown‐like (beige or brite) phenotype is unknown. To determine whether dietary LCFAs promote thermogenesis in various types of mature white adipocytes, differentiated primary stromovascular cells (obtained from the subcutaneous inguinal fat pad), C3H10T1/2 cells, and 3T3‐L1 cells were treated with 50μM of the following 18‐carbon fatty acids: stearic acid (SA; 18:0), oleic acid (OA; 18:1, Δ9), linoleic acid (LA; 18:2, Δ9,12), α‐linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3, Δ9,12,15), γ‐linolenic acid (GLA; 18:3, Δ6,9,12), or pinolenic acid (PLA; 18:3, Δ5,9,12) for 24 hours. Expression levels of Ucp1 and Pgc1a were measured by quantitative real‐time PCR. LA, ALA, GLA, and PLA upregulated Ucp1 in primary adipocytes (p<0.0001); and GLA tended to upregulate Ucp1 in C3H10T1/2 adipocytes (p=0.0910). We also determined the effects of selective β‐adrenergic receptor (β‐AR) agonists on induction of brown‐like phenotype. Adipocytes were treated with 10mM of dobutamine (β1‐AR agonist), bambuterol (β2‐AR), and CGP‐12177‐Hydrochloride (β3‐AR) for 4 hours. In primary adipocytes, β1‐ and β3‐AR agonists tended to upregulate Ucp1 (p=0.0667), and all of the agonists upregulated Pgc1a (p=0.0219). In C3H10T1/2 adipocytes, β1‐ and β3‐AR agonists upregulated Ucp1 (p=0.0033). To investigate possible synergistic effects between the fatty acids and norepinephrine (NE; a non‐selective β‐AR agonist), adipocytes were treated for 4 hours with NE after a 24‐hour treatment with the fatty acids. In primary adipocytes, NE induced a higher expression of Ucp1 (p=0.0031) and Pgc1a (p=0.0651), and PLA augmented the NE effect (p=0.0030, p=0.0170, respectively). In C3H10T1/2 adipocytes, NE upregulated Ucp1 (p=0.0387) and Pgc1a (p=0.0124), but there were no effects of the fatty acids. These results indicate that, among the 18‐carbon fatty acids, there is specificity in the regulation of the browning phenotype; thus, dietary abundance of these fatty acids may determine their overall effect on adipocyte browning.Support or Funding InformationSupport was received from the Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University
Even Mealtime Distribution of Protein Intake Is Associated with Greater Muscle Strength, But Not with 3‐Year Decline, in Free‐Living Older Adults: The Nuage Study
Authors: Farsijani Samaneh , Payette Hélène , Morais José A. , Shatenstein Bryna , Gaudreau Pierrette , Chevalier Stéphanie 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundFunctional status declines with aging, impeding autonomy. Mealtime distribution of dietary protein was recently associated with muscle mass, yet its relation to physical performance remains unknown.ObjectiveWe examined the relationship between protein intake distribution and physical performance and its 3‐y decline, in community‐dwelling older adults.DesignThree‐year follow‐up data from 827 men and 914 women (aged 67–84 y) participating in the longitudinal study on nutrition and successful aging (NuAge; Quebec, Canada) were analyzed. Physical performance, measured yearly, was grouped into 2 functional composite scores: muscle strength (handgrip, arm and leg) and mobility (timed up‐and‐go, chair stand, normal and fast walking speed). Dietary data were collected in 2 sets of 3×24‐h food recalls, at baseline and year 2. Individual mealtime protein distribution was calculated as the coefficient of variation (CV= SD/ χ̄) of grams of protein per meal. Mixed model analysis was used to examine trajectories of muscle strength and mobility across time, by sex, as conditioned by protein distribution, adjusted for age, protein quantity, education level, disease status, BMI, depression, cognitive function, smoking and mid‐upper arm muscle area.ResultsPhysical performance deteriorated over 3 years, with muscle strength declining more than mobility score in men (−1.51±1.68 vs. −0.66±2.81) and women (−1.35±1.77 vs. −0.78±2.63), P<0.001. More evenly distributed protein intake, independently of total quantity, was cross‐sectionally associated with higher muscle strength score in men (β±SE; 0.44±0.18) and women (0.68±0.19), P<0.05 throughout follow‐up, before and after controlling for covariates. It was also associated with greater mobility score, only in men and before adjusting for covariates. Strength and mobility rates of decline were not affected by protein intake distribution in either sex. Also, higher protein quantity (g/d adjusted for energy) was independently associated with higher mobility score in both sexes and higher muscle strength in women (with a statistical trend in men) at each yearly follow‐up, but not with the longitudinal rate of decline over 3 years. Age was the only confounder affecting muscle strength decline over time.ConclusionsIn addition to the previously observed association with lean mass, an even distribution of daily protein intake across meals was independently associated with greater muscle strength, but not mobility score or functional decline, in older adults. Longer‐term investigation of the role of protein intake and its distribution, combined with other modifiable lifestyle factors, on physical performance is warranted.Support or Funding InformationDairy Farmers of Canada.
Effects of Consuming Protein‐rich Supplements Between or With Meals on Changes in Body Composition with Resistance Training: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Hudson Joshua L. , Bergia Robert E. , Campbell Wayne W. 
Published: November 2023

Higher dietary protein intakes achieved through consuming protein‐rich supplements may improve body composition with resistance training. With the recent interest in the potential for within‐day dietary protein distribution to elicit differential changes in body composition, a similar investigation specifically on consuming protein‐rich supplements is warranted. Therefore, the primary purpose of this systematic review of literature was to investigate whether consuming a protein‐rich supplement between meals (BET) versus with meals (WITH) would differentially influence adaptive changes in body composition while performing resistance training. 1938 articles were identified with PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and CINAHL using the keywords “dietary protein,” “body composition,” “muscle strength,” and “lean mass.” Data from the outcome variables whole body mass, lean mass, and fat mass were collected from randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of consuming protein‐rich supplements during resistance training (> 6 to ≤ 36 wk; median: 12 wk). Thirty randomized controlled trials resulting in 55 individual groups met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Supplementation ranged from 10 to 113 g protein/d in the BET groups (mean ± SD; 48 ± 26 g/d (n=40)) and 10 to 75 g/d in the WITH groups (32 ± 23 g/d (n=15)). The frequency of supplementation ranged from 1–3 times daily in the BET and WITH groups (mean ± SD; 1 dose/d: BET: 37 ± 22 g protein/dose (n =18), WITH: 15 ± 5 g protein/dose (n=7); 2 doses/d: BET: 22 ± 10 g protein/dose (n=11), WITH: 19 ± 7 g protein/dose (n=5); 3 doses/d; BET: 24 ± 7 g protein/dose (n=11), WITH: 25 ± 0 g protein/dose (n=3)). Protein‐rich supplementation resulted in 73% of BET groups increasing body mass compared to 53% of WITH groups. Eighty‐nine percent of BET groups gained lean mass compared to 93% of WITH groups; however, 52% percent of the BET groups gained ≥ 1.5 kg of lean mass compared to 14% of the WITH groups. Forty‐three percent of BET groups gained fat mass compared to only 13% of WITH groups. In regards to changes in lean mass to fat mass ratio, 85% of BET group increased their ratio compared to 100% of WITH groups. When groups consuming > 75 g protein/d in the BET groups were excluded, 68% gained ≥ 0.0 kg body mass, 40% ≥ gained 1.5 kg lean mass, and 43% gained ≥ 0.0 kg fat mass In conclusion, consuming protein‐rich supplements between meals was apparently more effective at increasing whole body mass, lean mass, and fat mass in adults during resistance training.Support or Funding InformationPurdue University Lynn Fellowship to JLH and REB