bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International evaluation of an artificial intelligence–powered electrocardiogram model detecting acute coronary occlusion myocardial infarction
Authors: Herman Robert , Meyers Harvey Pendell , Smith Stephen W , Bertolone Dario T , Leone Attilio , Bermpeis Konstantinos , Viscusi Michele M , Belmonte Marta , Demolder Anthony , Boza Vladimir , Vavrik Boris , Kresnakova Viera , Iring Andrej , Martonak Michal , Bahyl Jakub , Kisova Timea , Schelfaut Dan , Vanderheyden Marc , Perl Leor , Aslanger Emre K , Hatala Robert , Wojakowski Wojtek , Bartunek Jozef , Barbato Emanuele 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
A majority of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) present without typical ST elevation. One-third of non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients have an acutely occluded culprit coronary artery [occlusion myocardial infarction (OMI)], leading to poor outcomes due to delayed identification and invasive management. In this study, we sought to develop a versatile artificial intelligence (AI) model detecting acute OMI on single-standard 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) and compare its performance with existing state-of-the-art diagnostic criteria.

Methods and results
An AI model was developed using 18 616 ECGs from 10 543 patients with suspected ACS from an international database with clinically validated outcomes. The model was evaluated in an international cohort and compared with STEMI criteria and ECG experts in detecting OMI. The primary outcome of OMI was an acutely occluded or flow-limiting culprit artery requiring emergent revascularization. In the overall test set of 3254 ECGs from 2222 patients (age 62 ± 14 years, 67% males, 21.6% OMI), the AI model achieved an area under the curve of 0.938 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.924–0.951] in identifying the primary OMI outcome, with superior performance [accuracy 90.9% (95% CI: 89.7–92.0), sensitivity 80.6% (95% CI: 76.8–84.0), and specificity 93.7 (95% CI: 92.6–94.8)] compared with STEMI criteria [accuracy 83.6% (95% CI: 82.1–85.1), sensitivity 32.5% (95% CI: 28.4–36.6), and specificity 97.7% (95% CI: 97.0–98.3)] and with similar performance compared with ECG experts [accuracy 90.8% (95% CI: 89.5–91.9), sensitivity 73.0% (95% CI: 68.7–77.0), and specificity 95.7% (95% CI: 94.7–96.6)].

Conclusion
The present novel ECG AI model demonstrates superior accuracy to detect acute OMI when compared with STEMI criteria. This suggests its potential to improve ACS triage, ensuring appropriate and timely referral for immediate revascularization.
Exploring “Equigenesis” in the Associations Between Green Space and Kidney Health Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults Using Street View Data
Authors: Wang Ruoyu , Dong Guoping , Cao Mengqiu , Zhou Yang , Dong Guang-Hui 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
This study systematically explores the association between community green space and preventing kidney failure among middle-aged and older adults in China, using street view data.

Research Design and Methods
The 33 Chinese Community Health Study was used to conduct the analysis. We used street view data to assess street view green space (SVG) exposure and clearly distinguished the difference between grass (SVG-grass) and trees (SVG-tree). The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was also used. Kidney failure was defined as a serum creatinine concentration of above 177 mol/L. We used multilevel logistic regression models (controlled for a series of covariates) to examine the associations between SVG and the odds of middle-aged and older adults having kidney failure. We also tested whether middle-aged and older adults from socioeconomically disadvantaged groups are likely to derive greater benefits from the effects of green space (“equigenesis”).

Results
The results showed that both SVG (OR = 0.353; 95% CI = 0.171–0.731) and SVG-trees (OR = 0.327; 95% CI = 0.146–0.736) were negatively associated with the likelihood of middle-aged and older adults experiencing kidney failure, but there was no significant evidence of any links between either SVG-grass (OR = 0.567; 95% CI = 0.300–1.076) or the NDVI (OR = 0.398; 95% CI = 0.237–1.058) and kidney failure. Furthermore, the moderation analysis indicated that income and educational attainment have a moderating effect on the association between green space and the improvement of kidney health, which suggests that green space has greater positive effects on the kidney health of disadvantaged groups.

Discussion and Implications
To reduce inequalities in relation to kidney disease through urban planning, policymakers are advised to provide more visual green space—especially trees—within the community and to focus in particular on socioeconomically disadvantaged population groups.
How Have Formal Firms Recovered From the Pandemic? Insights From Survey and Tax Administrative Data in Zambia
Authors: Hoy Christopher , Simbeye Laban , Koivisto Aliisa , Maboshe Mashekwa , Abdullah Ali Malik Muhammad 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper examines how formal firms have been impacted by and recovered from the COVID-19 pandemic, by drawing on two distinct but complementary data sources. This is the first attempt to use both survey and tax administrative data to measure the impact of the pandemic in a developing country. The findings of three rounds of follow-up surveys to a standard World Bank Enterprise Survey completed immediately before the pandemic are compared to the universe of value-added tax and personal income tax returns filed by firms in Zambia. Despite substantial differences in the breadth and depth of these data sources, they show a very similar pattern. The sales of formal firms recovered from the pandemic far more strongly than their employment levels. By July 2021, both the survey and tax administrative data show that most firms experienced a complete recovery in sales, while levels of employment worsened throughout the pandemic for many firms. The tax administrative data show that even two and a half years following the start of the pandemic, employment in formal firms remained well below pre-pandemic levels. The key insight that emerges from this analysis is that formal firms appear to have adjusted their operations in a way that reduced their need for as much labor to achieve the same (or higher) level of sales. As such in response to an unprecedented shock, productivity gains within formal firms were possible through the shredding of somewhat unproductive labor inputs, which can often be more challenging in a stable setting.
Introduction and Setting the Stage
Authors: Jaywant Abhishek , Oberlin Lauren E. , Cherestal Stephanie , Bueno Castellano Christina , Wilkins Victoria M. , Kanellopoulos Dora 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses how the devastation of COVID-19 affected people, explaining that anxiety, depression, cognitive symptoms, and fatigue are common sequelae of COVID-19. Treatment programs, based on strategies like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), were developed and implemented rapidly during the initial waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted many existing structural and systemic inequities in the United States healthcare system. The chapter also covers the topic of therapist burnout, which became widespread due to the external stressors and uncertainties that the pandemic brought. It explains the importance of ascertaining the client's cultural preferences to determine the most effective way to build rapport and trust in therapy.
Module 5: Mindfulness
Authors: Jaywant Abhishek , Oberlin Lauren E. , Cherestal Stephanie , Bueno Castellano Christina , Wilkins Victoria M. , Kanellopoulos Dora 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the practice of mindfulness, which is defined as paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgmentally. Clients can practice mindfulness by engaging in culturally relevant activities or by using mobile apps that offer mindfulness practice outside of the therapy session. Mindfulness practice is not necessarily about relaxation or clearing the mind; rather, therapists should encourage clients to notice or verbalize their experiences and let go of unhelpful evaluations. It is important for therapists to explain to their clients that they can benefit from additional mindfulness sessions and daily practice of mindfulness at home between sessions.
Module 6: Relaxation Skills
Authors: Jaywant Abhishek , Oberlin Lauren E. , Cherestal Stephanie , Bueno Castellano Christina , Wilkins Victoria M. , Kanellopoulos Dora 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter explains how relaxation skills can help clients manage acute emotional distress resulting from persistent COVID-19 symptoms. It includes psychoeducation about the acute stress response and the psychological basis behind relaxation strategies. Psychoeducation about the fight-or-flight response can help clients recovering from COVID-19 understand why certain physiological sensations arise and continue to be present in moments of acute distress. Clients might require additional sessions if they present with acute emotional distress or need more practice of relaxation skills. The chapter explains that relaxation strategies are behavioral approaches to counteract the acute stress response and to decrease physiological arousal and alleviate symptoms of acute stress.
Comptonization by reconnection plasmoids in black hole coronae – III. Dependence on the guide field in pair plasma
Authors: Gupta Sanya , Sridhar Navin , Sironi Lorenzo 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We perform non-radiative two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of magnetic reconnection for various strengths of the guide field (perpendicular to the reversing field), in magnetically dominated electron–positron plasmas. Magnetic reconnection under such conditions could operate in accretion disc coronae around black holes. There, it has been suggested that the transrelativistic bulk motions of reconnection plasmoids containing inverse-Compton-cooled electrons could Compton-upscatter soft photons to produce the observed non-thermal hard X-rays. Our simulations are performed for magnetizations 3 ≤ σ ≤ 40 (defined as the ratio of enthalpy density of the reversing field to plasma enthalpy density) and guide field strengths 0 ≤ Bg/B0 ≤ 1 (normalized to the reversing field strength B0). We find that the mean bulk energy of the reconnected plasma depends only weakly on the flow magnetization but strongly on the guide field strength – with Bg/B0 = 1 yielding a mean bulk energy twice smaller than Bg/B0 = 0. Similarly, the dispersion of bulk motions around the mean – a signature of stochasticity in the plasmoid chain’s motions – is weakly dependent on magnetization (for σ ≳ 10) but strongly dependent on the guide field strength – dropping by more than a factor of two from Bg/B0 = 0 to Bg/B0 = 1. In short, reconnection in strong guide fields (Bg/B0 ∼ 1) leads to slower and more ordered plasmoid bulk motions than its weak guide field (Bg/B0 ∼ 0) counterpart.
Connection between SDSS galaxies and ELUCID subhaloes in the eye of machine learning
Authors: Xu Xiaoju , Yang Xiaohu , Xu Haojie , Zhang Youcai 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We explore the feasibility of learning the connection between Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) galaxies and ELUCID subhaloes with random forest (RF). ELUCID is a constrained N-body simulation constructed using the matter density field of SDSS. Based on a SDSS-ELUCID matched catalogue, we build RF models that predict Mr magnitude, colour, stellar mass M*, and specific star formation rate (sSFR) with several subhalo properties. While the RF can predict Mr and M* with reasonable accuracy, the prediction accuracy of colour and sSFR is low, which could be due to the mismatch between galaxies and subhaloes. To test this, we shuffle the galaxies in subhaloes of narrow mass bins in the local neighbourhood using galaxies of a semi-analytic model (SAM) and the TNG hydrodynamic simulation. We find that the shuffling only slightly reduces the colour prediction accuracy in SAM and TNG, which is still considerably higher than that of the SDSS. This suggests that the true connection between SDSS colour and subhalo properties could be weaker than that in the SAM and TNG without the mismatch effect. We also measure the Pearson correlation coefficient between the galaxy and subhalo properties in SDSS, SAM, and TNG. Similar to the RF results, we find that the colour–subhalo correlation in SDSS is lower than in both SAM and TNG. We also show that the galaxy–subhalo correlations depend on subhalo mass in the galaxy formation models. Advanced surveys with fainter galaxies will provide new insights into the galaxy–subhalo relation in the real Universe.
Estimation of redshift and associated uncertainty of Fermi/LAT extragalactic sources with Deep Learning
Authors: Gharat Sarvesh , Borthakur Abhimanyu , Bhatta Gopal 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
With the advancement of technology, machine learning-based analytical methods have pervaded nearly every discipline in modern studies. Particularly, a number of methods have been employed to estimate the redshift of gamma-ray loud active galactic nuclei (AGN), which are a class of supermassive black hole systems known for their intense multi-wavelength emissions and violent variability. Determining the redshifts of AGNs is essential for understanding their distances, which, in turn, sheds light on our current understanding of the structure of the nearby universe. However, the task involves a number of challenges, such as the need for meticulous follow-up observations across multiple wavelengths and astronomical facilities. In this study, we employ a simple yet effective deep learning model with a single hidden layer having 64 neurons and a dropout of 0.25 in the hidden layer on a sample of AGNs with known redshifts from the latest AGN catalogue, 4LAC-DR3, obtained from Fermi-LAT. We utilized their spectral, spatial, and temporal properties to robustly predict the redshifts of AGNs as well quantify their associated uncertainties by modifying the model using two different variational inference methods. We achieve a correlation coefficient of 0.784 on the test set from the frequentist model and 0.777 and 0.778 from both the variants of variational inference, and, when used to make predictions on the samples with unknown redshifts, we achieve mean predictions of 0.421, 0.415, and 0.393, with standard deviations of 0.258, 0.246, and 0.207 from the models, respectively.
Constraining self-interacting fermionic dark matter in admixed neutron stars using multimessenger astronomy
Authors: Mariani Mauro , Albertus Conrado , Alessandroni M del Rosario , Orsaria Milva G , Pérez-García M Ángeles , Ranea-Sandoval Ignacio F 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We investigate the structure of admixed neutron stars with a regular hadronic component and a fraction of fermionic self-interacting dark matter. Using two limiting equations of state for the dense baryonic interior, constructed from piecewise generalized polytropes, and an asymmetric self-interacting fermionic dark component, we analyse different scenarios of admixed neutron stars depending on the mass of dark fermions mχ, interaction mediators mϕ, and self-interacting strengths g. We find that the contribution of dark matter to the masses and radii of neutron stars leads to tension with mass estimates of the pulsar J0453+1559, the least massive neutron star, and with the constraints coming from the GW170817 event. We discuss the possibilities of constraining dark matter model parameters g and y ≡ mχ/mϕ, using current existing knowledge on neutron star estimations of mass, radius, and tidal deformability, along with the accepted cosmological dark matter freeze-out values and self-interaction cross-section to mass ratio, σSI/mχ, fitted to explain Bullet, Abell, and dwarf galaxy cluster dynamics. By assuming the most restrictive upper limit, σSI/mχ &lt; 0.1 cm2 g−1, along with dark matter freeze-out range values, the allowed g–y region is 0.01 ≲ g ≲ 0.1, with 0.5 ≲ y ≲ 200. For the first time, the combination of updated complementary restrictions is used to set constraints on self-interacting dark matter.
Partition function approach to non-Gaussian likelihoods: partitions for the inference of functions and the Fisher-functional
Authors: Kuntz Rebecca Maria , Herzog Maximilian Philipp , von Campe Heinrich , Röver Lennart , Schäfer Björn Malte 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Motivated by constraints on the dark energy equation of state from a data set of supernova distance moduli, we propose a formalism for the Bayesian inference of functions: Starting at a functional variant of the Kullback–Leibler divergence we construct a functional Fisher-matrix and a suitable partition functional which takes on the shape of a path integral. After showing the validity of the Cramér–Rao bound and unbiasedness for functional inference in the Gaussian case, we construct Fisher-functionals for the dark energy equation of state constrained by the cosmological redshift–luminosity relationship of supernovae of type Ia, for both the linearized and the lowest-order nonlinear models. Introducing Fourier-expansions and expansions into Gegenbauer polynomials as discretizations of the dark energy equation of state function shows how the uncertainty on the inferred function scales with model complexity and how functional assumptions can lead to errors in extrapolation to poorly constrained redshift ranges.
Phased secondary small interfering RNAs inCamellia sinensisvar.assamica
Authors: Suo Angbaji , Yang Jun , Mao Chunyi , Li Wanran , Wu Xingwang , Xie Wenping , Yang Zhengan , Guo Shiyong , Zheng Binglian , Zheng Yun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhased secondary small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) in plants play important roles in regulating genome stability, plant development and stress adaption. Camellia sinensis var. assamica has immense economic, medicinal and cultural significance. However, there are still no studies of phasiRNAs and their putative functions in this valuable plant. We identified 476 and 43 PHAS loci which generated 4290 twenty one nucleotide (nt) and 264 twenty four nt phasiRNAs, respectively. Moreover, the analysis of degradome revealed more than 35000 potential targets for these phasiRNAs. We identified several conserved 21 nt phasiRNA generation pathways in tea plant, including miR390 → TAS3, miR482/miR2118 → NB-LRR, miR393 → F-box, miR828 → MYB/TAS4, and miR7122 → PPR in this study. Furthermore, we found that some transposase and plant mobile domain genes could generate phasiRNAs. Our results show that phasiRNAs target genes in the same family in cis- or trans-manners, and different members of the same gene family may generate the same phasiRNAs. The phasiRNAs, generated by transposase and plant mobile domain genes, and their targets, suggest that phasiRNAs may be involved in the inhibition of transposable elements in tea plant. To summarize, these results provide a comprehensive view of phasiRNAs in Camellia sinensis var. assamica.
92. System-wide Implementation of a New Urine Culture to Optimize Diagnostic Stewardship
Authors: Parlich Lisa , Gunn Raymond , Salim Asra , Eberlein Bill , Silkaitis Christina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Our healthcare system consists of 8 acute care facilities, each of which utilizes a Urinalysis (UA) with Reflex to Culture laboratory order. With this order, a urine culture is performed automatically if the UA flags as abnormal, thus resulting in overutilization of urine cultures and subsequent identification of urinary tract infections (UTI), including hospital-associated catheter UTI (CAUTI).

Methods
The two largest facilities developed and implemented a new urine order to ensure appropriate utilization of urine cultures on adult critical care (CC) patients: the Urinalysis with Hold for Culture (UA/Hold) order. With this order, a culture would not be completed until a clinician reviewed the UA results, evaluated the need for a culture and then placed an add-on urine culture within 48 hours of the original UA specimen. If the UA was not abnormal, an override reason was chosen for the order, i.e. new urgency, frequency, dysuria, fever, altered mental status, hematuria. Logic existed within this order to not allow a urine culture unless a UA had been performed within the last 48 hours or if a patient was neutropenic, pregnant or undergoing a urological procedure.

Results
From February 2021 to February 2022, the two facilities who implemented the order avoided a total of 485 cultures (Table 1). These two sites also experienced a decrease in CAUTIs compared to the year prior to implementation. The UA/Hold order resulted in a meaningful reduction in CAUTI rates since urine culture orders were only placed on patients that clinically needed them.
Due to the success of the new order, it was expanded to five additional facilities and their CC patient populations in December 2022. Data collected January-March 2023, demonstrates the effectiveness of the implementation, as zero CAUTIs have been reported from CC patients at any of the five hospitals. In the 12 months prior to implementation, 21 CAUTIs had been reported. Overall, 27 cultures were avoided (Table 2).

Conclusion
With exceptional results from the first three months since implementation, the months to come show promise for significant culture and CAUTI reduction across the system and provides opportunity to expand the order to non-critical care units as well.

Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures