bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The boundary of posterior to level V region and the theoretical feasibility of irradiation dose reduction of level Va in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Chaoyang , Li Xiaokai , Zhang Ling , Gong Baolin , Gao Hui , Li Zhihui , Zhang Tao , Wang Juan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe lymph node involvement in the posterior to level V (PLV) region is mainly observed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Recently, we have reported the distribution of metastatic lymph nodes in the PLV region and there are correlations between the neck node levels (NNL) of NPC, but what is the boundary of the PLV region and how to delineate it remains unclear, and we further to elaborate whether the bilateral level Va should be covered as intermediate-risk nodal regions (CTVn2, about 60 Gy equivalent) for all T and N categories based on these correlations. A total of 1021 consecutive NPC patients with N1-3 stage from January 2012 to December 2020 were reviewed. The lymph node metastasis level of each patient was evaluated according to the updated guidelines proposed in 2013. According to the distribution pattern of lymph node metastasis and the anatomical structure in the PLV region, the boundaries of PLV region was delineated, and whether it is appropriate to cover the bilateral level Va as CTVn2 for all the NPC patients was further discussed. The correlations of level Va with other NNL were studied using logistic regression model. The cranial boundary of PLV region is the caudal border of cricoid cartilage, the caudal boundary is the plane serratus anterior muscle begins to appear, the anterior boundary is the anterior border of trapezius, and the posterior boundary is the convergence of levator scapulae and trapezius. Laterally, the PLV region is limited by the medial edge of trapezius and medially by the lateral surface of levator scapulae. The nodal spread in level Va is based on the lymph node metastasis of level IIb in NPC. The PLV region is a missing NNL of head and neck tumors, especially in NPC. The proposed boundaries of the PLV region can provide a preliminary proposal for the further revision of NNL in head and neck tumors. It is theoretically feasible to reduce the prophylactic irradiation dose of the bilateral level Va in patients with N0 stage or with isolated metastases in level VIIa.
The role of the differential outcomes procedure and schizotypy in the recognition of dynamic facial expressions of emotions
Authors: González-Rodríguez Antonio , García-Pérez Ángel , Godoy-Giménez Marta , Sayans-Jiménez Pablo , Cañadas Fernando , Estévez Angeles F. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEmotional facial expression recognition is a key ability for adequate social functioning. The current study aims to test if the differential outcomes procedure (DOP) may improve the recognition of dynamic facial expressions of emotions and to further explore whether schizotypal personality traits may have any effect on performance. 183 undergraduate students completed a task where a face morphed from a neutral expression to one of the six basic emotions at full intensity over 10 s. Participants had to press spacebar as soon as they identified the emotion and choose which had appeared. In the first block, participants received no outcomes. In the second block, a group received specific outcomes associated to each emotion (DOP group), while another group received non-differential outcomes after correctly responding (NOP group). Employing generalized linear models (GLMs) and Bayesian inference we estimated different parameters to answer our research goals. Schizotypal personality traits did not seem to affect dynamic emotional facial expression recognition. Participants of the DOP group were less likely to respond incorrectly to faces showing Fear and Surprise at fewer intensity levels. This may suggest that the DOP could lead to better identification of the main features that differentiate each facial expression of emotion.
The baffle shape effects on natural convection flow and entropy generation in a nanofluid-filled permeable container with a magnetic field
Authors: Abderrahmane Aissa , Younis Obai , Mourad Abed , Laidoudi Houssem , Oreijah Mowffaq , Guedri Kamel , Tag Sayed M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEnhancing heat transfer rates within enclosures is a topic of considerable interest since it has several technical applications. Most heat transfer research projects focus on increasing the heat transfer rates of thermal systems since this will raise the systems' total efficiency. The geometry of the enclosure might have a substantial impact on heat transfer rates. This research studies quantitatively the natural convection of a nanofluid in a complicated form geometry with many baffle configurations. The system's governing equations were addressed by the Galerkin Finite Element Method (GFEM). The main consideration was given to the effects of the following factors: The Darcy number (Da), which ranges from 10–2 to 10–5; the Hartmann number (Ha), which ranges from 0 to 100; the volumetric fraction (ϕ), which ranges from 0 to 0.08, and the Rayleigh number (Ra) (102 to 106). The results suggested that raising Ra increases heat transfer discharge, whereas raising Ha and Da decreases it. In terms of heat transmission, case 1 (the case with a wavenumber of 1 and the zigzag pointing outward) is determined to be the optimum cavity structure, as it obtained the highest mean Nusselt (Nuavg) number when compared to other cases. At the highest studied Ra number, growing (ϕ) from 0 to 0.8 improved Nuavg by 25%, while growing Da from 10–2 to 10–5 and Ha from 0 to 100 declined Nuavg by 57% and 48%, respectively. The reason for the improvement in the values of the (Nu) is due to the speed of fluid movement within the compartment. Also, the shape of fins plays a major role in strengthening and weakening thermal activity.
Environmental impact assessment of battery boxes based on lightweight material substitution
Authors: Li Xinyu , Zhang Yuanhao , Liao Yumin , Yu Guanghai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPower battery is one of the core components of electric vehicles (EVs) and a major contributor to the environmental impact of EVs, and reducing their environmental emissions can help enhance the sustainability of electric vehicles. Based on the principle of stiffness equivalence, the steel case of the power cell is replaced with lightweight materials, a life cycle model is established with the help of GaBi software, and its environmental impact is evaluated using the CML2001 method. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) Based on the four environmental impact categories of GWP, AP, ADP (f), and HTP, which are the global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), abiotic depletion potential (ADP (f)) and human toxicity potential (HTP), the environmental impact of lightweight materials is lower than that of the steel box. Among them, the aluminum alloy box has the largest reduction, and the Carbon Fiber Sheet Molding Compound (CF-SMC) box is the second. (2) In the sensitivity analysis of electric structure, an aluminum alloy box is still the most preferable choice for environmental impact. (3) In the sensitivity analysis of driving mileage, the aluminum alloy box body is also the best choice for vehicle life. (4) Quantitative assessment using substitution factors measures the decrease in greenhouse gas emissions following the substitution of steel battery box with lightweight materials. The adoption of aluminum alloy battery box can lead to a reduction of 1.55 tons of greenhouse gas emissions, with a substitution factor of 1.55 tC sb−1. In the case that composite materials have not been recycled commercially on a large scale, aluminum alloy is still one of the best materials for the integrated environmental impact of the whole life cycle of the battery boxes.
CD57-positive CD8 + T cells define the response to anti-programmed cell death protein-1 immunotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Sun Wenjia , Qiu Fengqi , Zheng Jing , Fang Liangjie , Qu Jingjing , Zhang Shumeng , Jiang Nan , Zhou Jianying , Zeng Xun , Zhou Jianya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors have transformed the treatment landscape of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, accurately identifying patients who will benefit from immunotherapy remains a challenge. This study aimed to discover potential biomarkers for predicting immunotherapy response in NSCLC patients. Single-cell mass cytometry (CyTOF) was utilized to analyze immune cell subsets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from NSCLC patients before and 12 weeks after single-agent immunotherapy. The CyTOF findings were subsequently validated using flow cytometry and multiplex immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence in PBMCs and tumor tissues, respectively. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. In the CyTOF cohort (n = 20), a high frequency of CD57+CD8+ T cells in PBMCs was associated with durable clinical benefit from immunotherapy in NSCLC patients (p = 0.034). This association was further confirmed in an independent cohort using flow cytometry (n = 27; p < 0.001), with a determined cutoff value of 12.85%. The cutoff value was subsequently validated in another independent cohort (AUC = 0.733). We also confirmed the CyTOF findings in pre-treatment formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues (n = 90; p < 0.001). RNA-seq analysis revealed 475 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CD57+CD8+ T cells and CD57-CD8+ T cells, with functional analysis identifying DEGs significantly enriched in immune-related signaling pathways. This study highlights CD57+CD8+ T cells as a promising biomarker for predicting immunotherapy success in NSCLC patients.
A dual-channel visible light optical coherence tomography system enables wide-field, full-range, and shot-noise limited human retinal imaging
Authors: Wang Jingyu , Nolen Stephanie , Song Weiye , Shao Wenjun , Yi Wei , Kashani Amir , Yi Ji 
Published: January 2024

AbstractVisible light optical coherence tomography (VIS-OCT) is an emerging ophthalmic imaging method featuring ultrahigh depth resolution, retinal microvascular oximetry, and distinct scattering contrast in the visible spectral range. The clinical utility of VIS-OCT is hampered by the fundamental trade-off between the imaging depth range and axial resolution, which are determined by the spectral resolution and bandwidth, respectively. To address this trade-off, here we developed a dual-channel VIS-OCT system with three major advancements including the first linear-in-K VIS-OCT spectrometer to decrease the roll-off, reference pathlength modulation to expand the imaging depth range, and per-A-line noise cancellation to remove excess noise, Due to these unique designs, this system achieves 7.2 dB roll-off over the full 1.74 mm depth range (water) with shot-noise limited performance. The system uniquely enables >60° wide-field imaging which would allow simultaneous imaging of the peripheral retina and optic nerve head, as well as ultrahigh 1.3 µm depth resolution (water). Benefiting from the additional near-infrared (NIR) channel of the dual-channel design, this system is compatible with Doppler OCT and OCT angiography (OCTA). The comprehensive structure-function measurement enabled by this dual-channel VIS-OCT system is an advance towards adoption of VIS-OCT in clinical applications.
Temperature-controlled tunable emission of Bi3+-doped Rb2SnCl6 all-inorganic vacancy ordered lead-free perovskite for advanced anticounterfeiting
Authors: Xin Chengyue , Zhang Wenjun , Li Zhongfa , Chen Zihan , Duan Zhongyu 
Published: January 2024

In this study, Bi3+-doped Rb2SnCl6 was found to have blue emission under 365 nm UV excitation and the luminescence colour changed to green after annealing treatment at 140–200 °C. This inspired us to use the material for optical security.
New criteria for metal oxide surge arrester condition monitoring based on leakage current analysis: Considering non‐uniform pollution effect
Authors: Khodsuz Masume , Teymourian Mohammad Hossein , Seyyedbarzegar Seyyedmeysam 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe role of surge arresters is vital in power systems' protection against transient overvoltages, which can arise due to occurrences like lightning strikes or switching operations. Based on the performance of the surge arrester, assessing its condition is an essential requirement for early detection of any damage or deterioration. This article proposes innovative criteria based on the surge arresters’ leakage current analysis for the classification of uniform and non‐uniform pollution levels. The leakage current signal of clean, uniform, and non‐uniform polluted surge arresters has been examined under different contamination levels, humidity, and non‐uniformity degrees. Based on the experimental results analysis, a new criterion has been proposed for assessing the surge arrester condition, which has resulted from the fifth and first‐order harmonics ratio of resistive leakage current. Analysis of the proposed criterion demonstrates that this index has a significant correlation to the pollution level. The proposed criterion ability has been established based on random forest, support vector machine, decision tree algorithm, and multi‐layer perceptron in Python language. The obtained criterion based on experimental data in different conditions has been employed for classifier training, which can be applied in the power network for better condition monitoring of surge arresters ensuring fast and accurate outcomes.
Analysis of electric field and partial discharge characteristics of cable joint stress cone dislocation defects
Authors: Sun Yuwei , Lv Anqiang , Xie Zhiyuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe mechanisms governing electric field and partial discharge (PD) under stress cone dislocation remain unclear. This study employs the finite element method to explore the relationship between the electric field, externally applied voltage, and length of dislocation. Subsequently, the correlation between voltage and electric field is determined. The relationship between voltage and PD is established through PD tests conducted under stress cone dislocation conditions. By considering the influence of voltage, the association between the electric field and PD is established, revealing the mechanism of PD initiation by electric field distortion in joints. The findings suggest that the lifetime and reliability were increased by wrapping semi‐conductive self‐adhesive tape around the exposed cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation layer. The electric field at a specific location is approximately proportional to the applied voltage. However, the slope is influenced by the composite insulation interface and the radial distance of the copper conductor. When crossing the interface between the XLPE insulation layer and the accessory insulation layer, the slope decreases significantly. The threshold for electric field PD is determined by examining the electric field distribution and the PD inception voltage during testing. When the voltage is sufficiently high, significant electric field distortions can occur at multiple points in the joint, potentially leading to concurrent PDs at several locations.
Joint delay and energy aware dragonfly optimization‐based uplink resource allocation scheme for LTE‐A networks in a cross‐layer environment
Authors: Moses Leeban , Sambantham Perarasi , Faheem Muhammad , Ali K Shoukath , Khan Arfat Ahmad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe exponential growth in data traffic from smart devices has led to a need for highly capable wireless networks with faster data transmission rates and improved spectral efficiency. Allocating resources efficiently in a 5G communication system with a huge number of machine type communication (MTC) devices is essential to ensure optimal performance and meet the diverse requirements of different applications. The LTE‐A network offers high‐speed mobile data services and caters to MTC devices and has relatively low data service requirements compared to human‐to‐human (H2H) communications. LTE‐A networks require advanced scheduling schemes to manage the limited spectrum and ensure efficient transmissions. This necessitates effective resource allocation schemes to minimize interference between cells in future networks. To address this issue, a joint delay and energy aware Levy flight Brownian movement‐based dragonfly optimization (DELFBDO)‐based uplink resource allocation scheme for LTE‐A Networks is proposed in this work to optimize energy efficiency, maximize the throughput and reduce the latency. The DELFDO algorithm efficiently organizes packets in both time and frequency domains for H2H and MTC devices, resulting in improved quality of service while minimizing energy consumption. The Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method increases the energy efficiency by producing the appropriate channel and power assignment for UEs and MTC devices.
The Influence of the Stimulus Level Used to Prescribe Nonlinear Frequency Compression on Speech Perception
Authors: Brennan Marc A. , Rasetshwane Daniel M. , Kopun Judy G. , McCreery Ryan W. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background Nonlinear frequency compression (NFC) is a signal processing technique designed to lower high-frequency inaudible sounds for a listener to a lower frequency that is audible. Because the maximum frequency that is audible to a listener with hearing loss will vary with the input speech level, the input level used to set NFC could impact speech recognition.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the input level used to set NFC on nonsense syllable recognition.
Research Design Nonsense syllable recognition was measured for three NFC fitting conditions—with NFC set based on speech input levels of 50, 60, and 70 dB SPL, respectively, as well as without NFC (restricted bandwidth condition).
Study Sample Twenty-three adults (ages 42–80 years old) with hearing loss.
Data Collection and Analysis Data were collected, monaurally, using a hearing aid simulator. The start frequency and frequency compression ratios were set based on the SoundRecover Fitting Assistant. Speech stimuli were 657 consonant–vowel–consonant nonwords presented at 50, 60, and 70 dB SPL and mixed with steady noise (6 dB signal-to-noise ratio) and scored based on entire word, initial consonant, vowel, and final consonant. Linear mixed effects examined the effects of NFC fitting condition, presentation level, and scoring method on percent correct recognition. Additional predictor variables of start frequency and frequency–compression ratio were examined.
Results Nonsense syllable recognition increased as presentation level increased. Nonsense syllable recognition for all presentation levels was highest when NFC was set based on the 70 dB SPL input level and decreased significantly when set based on the 60 and 50 dB SPL inputs. Relative to consonant recognition, there was a greater reduction in vowel recognition. Nonsense syllable recognition between NFC fitting conditions improved with increases in the start frequency, where higher start frequencies led to better nonsense word recognition.
Conclusion Nonsense syllable recognition was highest when setting NFC based on a 70 dB SPL presentation level and suggest that a high presentation level should be used to determine NFC parameters for an individual patient.
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in Pediatrics with Closed Head Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Alghamdi Saad , AlMayahi Juhina , Bagais Abdulrahman , AlOraimi Lamyaa , Al-Rashidi Qais , Al-Saadi Tariq 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study aims to systematically review the current literature on pediatric cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) following closed head injury and to evaluate the clinical management of these patients. Systemic review of the literature was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic, Clinical Trials, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. All databases were searched from their date of inception to June 2022. Inclusion criteria were applied to identify articles reporting on pediatric patients with CVST following closed head injury. Out of the articles screened, 23 met the inclusion criteria, reporting on 23 pediatric patients with CVST. Falls were the most common cause of traumatic CVST (52.2%), followed by motor vehicle accidents (30.4%). Nausea and vomiting were the most common presenting symptoms (71.4%), and magnetic resonance venogram was the most common diagnostic method (43.5%). Multisinus involvement was noted in 52.2% of cases. Patients with falls from height were more likely to receive conservative management than those with nonfall mechanisms of injury (p < 0.05). Pediatric CVST following closed head injury is a rare condition, with only case reports available in the literature. Prompt diagnosis and early treatment can lead to good survival and neurological outcomes. In severe cases, neurosurgical intervention may be necessary to prevent mortality and severe morbidity. This review highlights the need for further research to establish evidence-based management guidelines for this rare but potentially serious condition in the pediatric population.
Total Splenectomy for Splenic Abscess in Pediatric Oncology: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Bhat Ramitha R. , Bhat K Vasudeva , Venkatesh Vinay Munikoty , Venkatagiri Archana Melavarige , Joshi Shreya , Kumar Vijay , Prabhu Santosh P , Godkhindi Vishwapriya , Thobbi Atul , Pai Chandana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSplenic abscess is a relatively uncommon condition, especially in pediatric malignancies. The diagnosis of a splenic abscess is a clinical challenge due to low incidence. The condition is fatal if not diagnosed on time. We are reporting two cases with underlying immune suppression secondary to malignancy and multidrug-resistant sepsis with splenic abscesses as the focus. Both children had life-threatening sepsis and required total splenectomy as a life-saving measure. Postsplenectomy course was uneventful with clinical improvement, and chemotherapy was continued. High suspicion is necessary due to nonspecific presentation. The treatment of splenic abscess includes conservative management and percutaneous drainage. Splenectomy is generally not indicated; however, total splenectomy may be required in the setting of multiple splenic abscesses, also to prevent overwhelming infection in an immunocompromised setting.