bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconsideration of the energy balance in earthquake faulting
Authors: Matsu’ura Mitsuhiro 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe occurrence of earthquakes is now understood as brittle shear fracture releasing the elastic potential energy stored in the earth. Since the 1950s, many studies on the energy balance in earthquake faulting have been done, but there seems to be some incoherence among them. The essential reason is because various changes in conceptual framework happened during the last six decades, specifically the introduction of the new paradigm of plate tectonics in the 1960s, the concept of moment tensor as source representation in the 1970s, and the fault constitutive law governing rupture growth in the 1990s. Therefore, it will be worthwhile to reconsider the energetics of earthquake faulting from a current perspective. For this purpose, first of all, we summarize the basic concepts of elastic potential energy and moment tensor and review the general representation of earthquake sources and the origin of background crustal stress to confirm that the effect of earth’s self-gravitation is negligible in the energetics of shear faulting. Next, as a starting point for discussion, we directly derive a basic equation of mechanical energy balance in dynamic shear faulting from the equation of motion for an elastic body subjected to tectonic-origin deviatoric stress. Then, we review the widely accepted formula for indirectly evaluating radiated seismic energy from a simplified energy balance equation and compare with the direct evaluation based on the analytical solution of displacement fields for a point dislocation source in order to call attention to inconsistency between them. The inconsistency comes from the omission of the effects of rupture growth rate in the simplified energy balance equation. So, finally, we review the energy balance at the tips of a propagating shear crack, which naturally leads to the introduction of the slip-weakening fault constitutive law as a fundamental equation governing earthquake rupture. Then, we discuss the whole process of earthquake rupture, consisting of initiation, acceleration, steady propagation, deceleration, and termination from the viewpoint of energy balance.
Deep learning based joint fusion approach to exploit anatomical and functional brain information in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Saponaro Sara , Lizzi Francesca , Serra Giacomo , Mainas Francesca , Oliva Piernicola , Giuliano Alessia , Calderoni Sara , Retico Alessandra 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background:
The integration of the information encoded in multiparametric MRI images can enhance the performance of machine-learning classifiers. In this study, we investigate whether the combination of structural and functional MRI might improve the performances of a deep learning (DL) model trained to discriminate subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) with respect to typically developing controls (TD).

Material and methods
We analyzed both structural and functional MRI brain scans publicly available within the ABIDE I and II data collections. We considered 1383 male subjects with age between 5 and 40 years, including 680 subjects with ASD and 703 TD from 35 different acquisition sites. We extracted morphometric and functional brain features from MRI scans with the Freesurfer and the CPAC analysis packages, respectively. Then, due to the multisite nature of the dataset, we implemented a data harmonization protocol. The ASD vs. TD classification was carried out with a multiple-input DL model, consisting in a neural network which generates a fixed-length feature representation of the data of each modality (FR-NN), and a Dense Neural Network for classification (C-NN). Specifically, we implemented a joint fusion approach to multiple source data integration. The main advantage of the latter is that the loss is propagated back to the FR-NN during the training, thus creating informative feature representations for each data modality. Then, a C-NN, with a number of layers and neurons per layer to be optimized during the model training, performs the ASD-TD discrimination. The performance was evaluated by computing the Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve within a nested 10-fold cross-validation. The brain features that drive the DL classification were identified by the SHAP explainability framework.

Results
The AUC values of 0.66±0.05 and of 0.76±0.04 were obtained in the ASD vs. TD discrimination when only structural or functional features are considered, respectively. The joint fusion approach led to an AUC of 0.78±0.04. The set of structural and functional connectivity features identified as the most important for the two-class discrimination supports the idea that brain changes tend to occur in individuals with ASD in regions belonging to the Default Mode Network and to the Social Brain.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that the multimodal joint fusion approach outperforms the classification results obtained with data acquired by a single MRI modality as it efficiently exploits the complementarity of structural and functional brain information.
Juvenile polyposis syndrome with gastric and duodenal polyposis presenting with refractory anemia and protein-leakage gastroenteropathy in a patient with SMAD4 mutation: a case report
Authors: Nakamura Kenya , Kubota Koji , Shimizu Akira , Notake Tsuyoshi , Ikehara Tomohiko , Umemura Kentaro , Kamachi Atsushi , Goto Takamune , Tomida Hidenori , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Nagaya Tadanobu , Umemura Takeji , Soejima Yuji 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) is an autosomal dominant, inherited disorder characterized by multiple hyperproliferative polyps of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly of the colon, rectum, and stomach. SMAD4 mutations are frequently associated with multiple polyposis of the stomach; the condition causes severe bleeding and hypoproteinemia, which may progress to severe dysplasia and adenocarcinoma formation. We report our experience with the first case of total gastrectomy with pancreaticoduodenectomy following two partial jejunectomies for JPS, who presented with refractory anemia and protein-losing gastroenteropathy due to polyposis of the stomach and duodenum.

Case presentation
A 33-year-old Japanese man presented with the chief complaint of shortness of breath on exertion. His family history included gastric polyposis (mother, aunt, and cousin) and cerebral infarction (grandmother). Blood testing at the initial visit indicated iron-deficiency anemia, whereas endoscopy revealed multiple polyps in the duodenum and jejunum. Genetic testing revealed a 4 bp deletion (TGAA) in exon 5 of the SMAD4 gene; two partial small bowel resections were performed, but polyps grew in the remaining stomach, duodenum, and small intestine. The patient developed hypoalbuminemia and anemia, and required central venous nutrition and blood transfusion. However, because the hyponutrition and anemia remained poorly controlled, a total gastrectomy with concomitant pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. Malnutrition and anemia improved, and there was no polyp recurrence in the remaining intestinal tract at 18 months after the surgery.

Conclusions
We report a case of JPS with refractory anemia and protein-losing gastroenteropathy that was treated with total gastrectomy with concomitant pancreaticoduodenectomy. Although the surgery was highly invasive, the patient’s nutritional status and anemia improved postoperatively, and the treatment was successful. However, to determine the appropriate surgical procedure, a detailed examination of the gastrointestinal lesions and the effects of the surgical invasion on nutritional status must be undertaken.
The impact of prestigious attorneys on IPO withdrawal in the global primary market
Authors: Jamaani Fouad , Alidarous Manal 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study aims to determine whether the involvement of prestigious attorneys in issuing companies affects withdrawals in the initial public offering (IPO) market. There is little evidence on how the involvement of famous lawyers affects IPO withdrawal. The study considers a large dataset consisting of 24,312 IPOs that were either successful or withdrawn from 22 distinct IPO marketplaces between January 1995 and December 2019. We find that IPO issuers may benefit from engaging with reputed attorneys by leveraging exceptional legal or negotiating abilities as quality certification signals to reduce IPO investors’ ex-ante uncertainty. Here, the objective is to protect their IPOs from withdrawal of at least by 22%. Multiple robustness tests validate the reliability of the results of this study. These findings have significant implications for researchers, legislators, investors, and issuers.
Public health expenditure and household poverty: case study of Egypt
Authors: Biltagy Marwa , Hamdi Manar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe insufficient and inefficient public expenditure on health services by any health system creates physical and financial barriers to using health care services, especially for poor people and uncovered informal sector workers. This leads to the appearance of household direct out-of-pocket (OOP) payments on health services. OOP will push households into poverty if it exceeds their monetary income, as they cut their spending on other essential needs such as food, clothing, or education fees. The main objective of studying public health expenditure is to provide essential health services to all citizens equally without pushing them into poverty due to health payments OOP. This paper examines the average coverage of Reproductive, Maternal, and Child Health (RMNCH) services according to place of residence and wealth quintile from 2005 to 2015. The rationale for choosing RMNCH only as an indication of health coverage is due to data limitations. This paper depends on World Health Organization (WHO) data. The paper evaluates poverty impact by using poverty head counts and poverty gaps before and after OOP through using nationally representative surveys of Egypt for the years 2005, 2009, 2011, 2013, and 2015. Results show a gap in covering RMNCH services among different groups, but the gap is decreasing over time. Results also show that OOP payments pushed on average 30% of Egyptian households into poverty during the period of the study.
Auditory cognitive assessment in post COVID-19 patients: a case control study
Authors: Weheiba Hoda Mahmoud , Kabarity Rasha Hamdi E. L. , Shaheen Heba Magdy , EL-Gendy Abeer Mohamed Mohamed 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
There is increasing evidence suggesting that individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may experience symptoms that persist beyond the initial acute phase commonly referred to as “Long COVID.” Cognitive deficits were among the frequently reported long-lasting symptoms post-COVID-19. Consequently, the study was designed to evaluate cognitive-communicative abilities in post COVID-19 patients focusing on auditory memory and auditory attention and to study the effect of different variables on these abilities in post COVID-19 patients.

Methods
Eighty adult subjects were divided equally according to the presence or absence of a history of COVID-19 infection into the study and control group, respectively. All subjects were submitted to thorough history taking, basic audiological evaluation, auditory cognitive psychophysical tests including Auditory Continuous Performance test, Speech Intelligibility in Noise, Recognition memory, Memory for content and for sequence tests, digit span forward and backward tests, and electrophysiological auditory event-related potential (P300).

Results
Post COVID-19 group showed significantly lower scores compared to the control group in all psychophysical auditory cognitive tests for attention and memory and significantly prolonged P300 wave latency and smaller amplitude. None of the variables measured (including duration passed from infection, severity, and number of infection) showed significant relations to test results except a significant negative correlation between the number of infections and memory for sequence results.

Conclusion
Single infection with COVID-19 can have a prolonged impact on auditory cognitive abilities which were not related to the degree of severity of COVID-19. Thus, patients recovered from COVID-19 should receive auditory cognitive evaluations to detect even mild cognitive deficits that can affect quality of life.
Automatic Detection of Distant Metastasis Mentions in Radiology Reports in Spanish
Authors: Ahumada Ricardo , Dunstan Jocelyn , Rojas Matías , Peñafiel Sergio , Paredes Inti , Báez Pablo 
Published: January 2024

PURPOSEA critical task in oncology is extracting information related to cancer metastasis from electronic health records. Metastasis-related information is crucial for planning treatment, evaluating patient prognoses, and cancer research. However, the unstructured way in which findings of distant metastasis are often written in radiology reports makes it difficult to extract information automatically. The main aim of this study was to extract distant metastasis findings from free-text imaging and nuclear medicine reports to classify the patient status according to the presence or absence of distant metastasis.MATERIALS AND METHODSWe created a distant metastasis annotated corpus using positron emission tomography-computed tomography and computed tomography reports of patients with prostate, colorectal, and breast cancers. Entities were labeled M1 or M0 according to affirmative or negative metastasis descriptions. We used a named entity recognition model on the basis of a bidirectional long short-term memory model and conditional random fields to identify entities. Mentions were subsequently used to classify whole reports into M1 or M0.RESULTSThe model detected distant metastasis mentions with a weighted average F1score performance of 0.84. Whole reports were classified with an F1score of 0.92 for M0 documents and 0.90 for M1 documents.CONCLUSIONThese results show the usefulness of the model in detecting distant metastasis findings in three different types of cancer and the consequent classification of reports. The relevance of this study is to generate structured distant metastasis information from free-text imaging reports in Spanish. In addition, the manually annotated corpus, annotation guidelines, and code are freely released to the research community.
Normal Risk Ovarian Screening Study: 21-Year Update
Authors: Han Chae Young , Lu Karen H. , Corrigan Gwen , Perez Alexandra , Kohring Sharlene D. , Celestino Joseph , Bedi Deepak , Bedia Enrique , Bevers Therese , Boruta David , Carlson Matthew , Holman Laura , Leeds Leroy , Mathews Cara , McCann Georgia , Moore Richard G. , Schlumbrecht Matthew , Slomovitz Brian , Tobias Dan , Williams-Brown Yvette , Bevers Michael W. , Liu Jinsong , Gornet Terrie G. , Handy Beverly C. , Lu Zhen , Bedia Jacob S. , Skates Steven J. , Bast Robert C. 
Published: January 2024

Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned co-primary or secondary analyses are not yet available. Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in JCO or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported. PURPOSE The Normal Risk Ovarian Screening Study (NROSS) tested a two-stage screening strategy in postmenopausal women at conventional hereditary risk where significantly rising cancer antigen (CA)-125 prompted transvaginal sonography (TVS) and abnormal TVS prompted surgery to detect ovarian cancer. METHODS A total of 7,856 healthy postmenopausal women were screened annually for a total of 50,596 woman-years in a single-arm study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00539162 ). Serum CA125 was analyzed with the Risk of Ovarian Cancer Algorithm (ROCA) each year. If risk was unchanged and <1:2,000, women returned in a year. If risk increased above 1:500, TVS was undertaken immediately, and if risk was intermediate, CA125 was repeated in 3 months with a further increase in risk above 1:500 prompting referral for TVS. An average of 2% of participants were referred to TVS annually. RESULTS Thirty-four patients were referred for operations detecting 15 ovarian cancers and two borderline tumors with 12 in early stage (I-II). In addition, seven endometrial cancers were detected with six in stage I. As four ovarian cancers and two borderline tumors were diagnosed with a normal ROCA, the sensitivity for detecting ovarian and borderline cancer was 74% (17 of 23), and 70% of ROCA-detected cases (12 of 17) were in stage I-II. NROSS screening reduced late-stage (III-IV) disease by 34% compared with UKCTOCS controls and by 30% compared with US SEER values. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 50% (17 of 34) for detecting ovarian cancer and 74% (25 of 34) for any cancer, far exceeding the minimum acceptable study end point of 10% PPV. CONCLUSION While the NROSS trial was not powered to detect reduced mortality, the high specificity, PPV, and marked stage shift support further development of this strategy.
Genomic Classification and Individualized Prognosis in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Maura Francesco , Rajanna Arjun Raj , Ziccheddu Bachisio , Poos Alexandra M. , Derkach Andriy , Maclachlan Kylee , Durante Michael , Diamond Benjamin , Papadimitriou Marios , Davies Faith , Boyle Eileen M. , Walker Brian , Hultcrantz Malin , Silva Ariosto , Hampton Oliver , Teer Jamie K. , Siegel Erin M. , Bolli Niccolò , Jackson Graham H. , Kaiser Martin , Pawlyn Charlotte , Cook Gordon , Kazandjian Dickran , Stein Caleb , Chesi Marta , Bergsagel Leif , Mai Elias K. , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Weisel Katja C. , Fenk Roland , Raab Marc S. , Van Rhee Fritz , Usmani Saad , Shain Kenneth H. , Weinhold Niels , Morgan Gareth , Landgren Ola 
Published: January 2024

PURPOSE
Outcomes for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) are heterogenous, with overall survival (OS) ranging from months to over 10 years.

METHODS
To decipher and predict the molecular and clinical heterogeneity of NDMM, we assembled a series of 1,933 patients with available clinical, genomic, and therapeutic data.

RESULTS

Leveraging a comprehensive catalog of genomic drivers, we identified 12 groups, expanding on previous gene expression–based molecular classifications. To build a model predicting individualized risk in NDMM (IRMMa), we integrated clinical, genomic, and treatment variables. To correct for time-dependent variables, including high-dose melphalan followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation (HDM-ASCT), and maintenance therapy, a multi-state model was designed. The IRMMa model accuracy was significantly higher than all comparator prognostic models, with a c-index for OS of 0.726, compared with International Staging System (ISS; 0.61), revised-ISS (0.572), and R2-ISS (0.625). Integral to model accuracy was 20 genomic features, including 1q21 gain/amp, del 1p,
TP53
loss,
NSD2
translocations, APOBEC mutational signatures, and copy-number signatures (reflecting the complex structural variant chromothripsis). IRMMa accuracy and superiority compared with other prognostic models were validated on 256 patients enrolled in the GMMG-HD6 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:
NCT02495922
) clinical trial. Individualized patient risks were significantly affected across the 12 genomic groups by different treatment strategies (ie, treatment variance), which was used to identify patients for whom HDM-ASCT is particularly effective versus patients for whom the impact is limited.

CONCLUSION
Integrating clinical, demographic, genomic, and therapeutic data, to our knowledge, we have developed the first individualized risk-prediction model enabling personally tailored therapeutic decisions for patients with NDMM.
Population-Based Data Linkage Describing Patterns of Cancer Clinical Trial Enrollment Among Children and Adolescents
Authors: Siegel David A. , Durbin Eric B. , Pollock Brad H. , Grimes Allison , Ji Lingyun , Alonzo Todd A. , Vargas Sarah L. , Huang Bin , McDowell Jaclyn R. , Lycan Ellen , Ransdell Peter , Tai Eric , Roth Michael E. , Freyer David R. 
Published: January 2024

PURPOSE Database linkage between cancer registries and clinical trial consortia has the potential to elucidate referral patterns of children and adolescents with newly diagnosed cancer, including enrollment into cancer clinical trials. This study's primary objective was to assess the feasibility of this linkage approach. METHODS Patients younger than 20 years diagnosed with incident cancer during 2012-2017 in the Kentucky Cancer Registry (KCR) were linked with patients enrolled in a Children's Oncology Group (COG) study. Matched patients between databases were described by sex, age, race and ethnicity, geographical location when diagnosed, and cancer type. Logistic regression modeling identified factors associated with COG study enrollment. Timeliness of patient identification by KCR was reported through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Early Case Capture (ECC) program. RESULTS Of 1,357 patients reported to KCR, 47% were determined by matching to be enrolled in a COG study. Patients had greater odds of enrollment if they were age 0-4 years ( v 15-19 years), reported from a COG-affiliated institution, and had renal cancer, neuroblastoma, or leukemia. Patients had lower odds of enrollment if Hispanic ( v non-Hispanic White) or had epithelial (eg, thyroid, melanoma) cancer. Most (59%) patients were reported to KCR within 10 days of pathologic diagnosis. CONCLUSION Linkage of clinical trial data with cancer registries is a feasible approach for tracking patient referral and clinical trial enrollment patterns. Adolescents had lower enrollment compared with younger age groups, independent of cancer type. Population-based early case capture could guide interventions designed to increase cancer clinical trial enrollment.