bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Court Jesters in the Service of the Transylvanian Nobility
Authors: FEHÉR Andrea 
Published: December 2023

The aim of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the jesters found in the Principality of Transylvania. Our analysis is largely based on memoirs, autobiographies and chronicles written by Transylvanian nobles and intellectuals, and occasionally on princely charters. The earliest records on court fools in the principality date to the 16th century, while the latest are from the 19th century. Two types of fools can be encountered in the sources: natural and artificial ones. Dwarfs, mentally ill, ugly or slow-minded adults fall in the first category. In contrast, the artificial or wise fools, as they are referred to, possessed special skills, and they were not only good entertainers, but often educated people, sometimes even members of the nobility. They distinguished themselves from their colleagues by the intimacy they manifested around the prince or nobles, and their freedom to comment and criticize politics, to offer advice and in general to speak freely.
Rezumat: Scopul lucrării noastre este de a oferi o scurtă prezentare a bufonilor din Principatul Transilvaniei. Analiza noastră se bazează în mare parte pe memorii, autobiografii şi cronici (redactate de nobili şi intelectuali transilvăneni), respectiv diplome princiare. Cele mai vechi înregistrări despre bufonii de curte din principat datează din secolul al XVI-lea, iar cele mai recente sunt din secolul al XIX-lea. Sursele noastre relatează despre bufoni naturali şi artificiali. Din prima categorie fac parte piticii, persoanele cu boli mintale, diforme sau lente la minte. În contrast, bufonii înțelepți erau buni oratori, glumeți, adesea proveneau din familii nobiliare şi de obicei erau educați. Aceştia se deosebeau de ceilalți curteni prin intimitatea pe care o manifestau în jurul principelui, sau al nobililor, şi prin libertatea de a comenta şi critica deciziile lor politice, de a oferi sfaturi şi, în general, de a vorbi liber, atunci când alții nu îndrăzneau.
Cuvinte cheie: bufon, nebun de curte, Transilvania, pitici, istorie culturală
Article: history; Received: 15.05.2023; Revised: 17.05.2023; Accepted: 10.06.2023; Available online: 30.06.2023.
Notes on the Historical Study of Corruption
Authors: OLARU Mihai 
Published: December 2023

Over the last fifteen years, the field of corruption studies underwent a historical turn. Social scientists added a historical dimension to their traditional concern with corruption and political and economic development. Historians joined the debates and brought a constructivist approach to the study of corruption, one that examines this phenomenon in its historical context. The present article examines the most important issues in the historical studies of corruption: the way in which the understanding of corruption transformed throughout the centuries, the precise moment the modern understanding emerged and the factors that triggered this transformation. Historians and social scientists tend to agree on the importance of the period around 1800 as the moment when corruption came to designate the abuse of the public office for private gain. At about the same time, various activities which were hitherto tolerated – gifts to officials, patronage, exploitation of the office for private gain – lost any legitimacy and became illicit, i.e., corruption in the modern sense. The factors which contributed to the change were the crises of the modernization process and the obsession with clear-cut categorization specific to the modern thought.
Rezumat: În ultimii cincisprezece ani domeniul studiilor despre corupție a înregistrat o turnură istorică. Cercetătorii din ştiințele sociale au adăugat o dimensiune istorică la interesul mai vechi pentru corupție şi dezvoltare politică şi economică. Istoricii s-au alăturat dezbaterilor şi au adus o abordare constructivistă în studierea corupției, una care examinează fenomenul în contextul său istoric. Articolul examinează cele mai importante probleme în studiul istoric al corupției: cum s-a transformat înțelesul corupției de-a lungul secolelor, când a apărut sensul modern al acestei noțiuni şi ce factori au determinat această transformare. Istoricii şi cercetătorii din ştiințele sociale tind să conveargă asupra importanței perioadei din jurul anului 1800 ca momentul în care corupția începe să desemneze abuzarea de funcția publică pentru interes privat. Cam în aceeaşi perioadă, diferite activități care până atunci au fost tolerate – daruri către dregători, patronaj, extragerea de venituri din dregători – şi-au pierdut legitimitatea şi au devenit ilicite, adică corupției în sensul modern. Factorii care au contribuit la schimbare au fost crizele declanşate în procesul de modernizare şi obsesia cu organizarea lumii în categorii bine definite specifică gândirii moderne.
Cuvinte cheie: corupție, modernizare, public, privat, ambiguitate
Article: history; Received: 20.05.2023; Revised: 26.05.2023; Accepted: 05.06.2023; Available online: 30.06.2023.
Medievalism. Historiographic Markers
Authors: COSTEA Ionuț 
Published: December 2023

The present study aims to shed light on the intellectual origins of medievalism studies, on the evolution of this historical research approach and the primary directions of inquiry employed in this field at the end of the 20ᵗʰ century and over the first two decades of the 21ˢᵗ century. The main focus of the present article is placed on the institutionalization of the research on medievalism (conferences, journals, editorial collections, university courses) and on the formation of several scholarly groups around the special research programs in this field (Kalamazoo, Yale, Medieval Electronic Multimedia Organization). Moreover, the present paper approaches the debates circling the contemporary historiography, particularly regarding the terminology (medievalism, neo/medievalism) and the establishment of medievalism as a research field (the relations with medieval studies, with literary and cultural studies, as well as with postmodernism and post-postmodernism).
Rezumat: Prezentul studiu își propune să facă lumină asupra originilor intelectuale ale studiilor medievalismului, asupra evoluției acestui demers al cercetării istorice și asupra direcțiilor primare de investigație folosite în acest domeniu la sfârșitul secolului XX și pe parcursul primelor două decenii ale secolului XXI. Accentul principal al prezentului articol este pus pe instituționalizarea cercetării asupra medievalismului (conferințe, reviste, colecții editoriale, cursuri universitare) și pe formarea mai multor grupuri academice în jurul programelor speciale de cercetare în acest domeniu (Kalamazoo, Yale, Medieval). Electronic Multimedia Organization). De asemenea, lucrarea de față abordează dezbaterile care înconjoară istoriografia contemporană, în special în ceea ce privește terminologia (medievalismul, neo/medievalismul) și stabilirea medievalismului ca domeniu de cercetare (relațiile cu studiile medievale, cu studiile literare și culturale, precum și cu postmodernism și post-postmodernism).
Cuvinte cheie: medievalism, studii medievale, istoriografie, istoria istoriografiei, cultură populară, studii culturale
Article: history; Received: 15.05.2023; Revised: 17.05.2023; Accepted: 08.06.2023; Available online: 30.06.2023.
Influence of Multiple Reflows and Surface Finishes on Solder Joint Resistivity
Authors: Dzivy Daniel , Pietrikova Alena , Vrublevskaya Olga , Shikun Marina A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is the analysis of the electrical resistivity of solder joints depending on various surface finishes and on the number of reflow processes. The electrical resistivity was determined after 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 reflow cycles as a replacement for the basic accelerated aging test. In this article, various surface finishes are compared by measuring electrical resistivity of solder joints between two soldering pads. The influence of standard surface finishes (ENIG, Lead HASL, Lead-free HASL, Cu, ImSn) with the new developed surface finish based on SnAg7 is also compared. Measurements show that the electrical resistivity is dependent on surface finish type and the thickness of the solder joint. The results prove that the new developed surface finish based on SnAg7 is stable against multiple reflows and comparable to the surface finish based on Au. The new developed surface finish based on SnAg7 can be recommended as a replacement for other conventional surface finishes.
Brief Overview of Neural Networks for Medical Applications
Authors: Hireš Máté , Bugata Peter , Gazda Matej , Hreško Dávid J. , Kanász Róbert , Vavrek Lukáš , Drotár Peter 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Neural networks experienced great deal of success in many domains of machine intelligence. In tasks such as object detection, speech recognition or natural language processing is performance of neural networks close to that of human. This allows penetration of neural networks in many domains. The medicine is one of the domains that can successfully harvest methodological advances in neural networks. Medical personnel has to deal with huge amount of data that are used for patients’ diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. Application of neural networks in diagnosis and decision support systems have proven to add more objectivity to diagnosis, allow for quicker and more accurate decision and provide more personalized treatment. In this brief review we describe several main architectures of neural networks together with their applications. We provide description of convolutional neural networks, auto-encoders and recurrent neural networks together with their applications such as medical image segmentation, processing of electrocardiogram for arrhythmia detection and many others.
Design and Evaluation of a Magnetoelastic Tensile Force Sensor
Authors: Gans Šimon , Molnár Ján 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper introduces the basic theory behind magnetoelastic sensors which are based on the change of magnetic properties (permeability) due to mechanical stress (Villari effect). A well-known magnetoelastic sensor, the Pressductor, is described. A simulation model of a sensor is created, described, and evaluated by computing the static transfer characteristic of RMS secondary coil voltage change due to tensile stress. A real sensor is then manufactured from a polycrystalline transformer sheet and experimentally tested by using a tensile load created by water weight. The simulation and experiment show similar behavior but are not completely identical which is most likely since some material properties were taken from literature rather than from experimental measurements, like the magnetostriction coefficient and initial magnetic susceptibility.
The Influence of Climatic Conditions on the Dynamic Ampacity of Overhead Power Lines
Authors: Beňa Ľubomír , Kolcun Michal , Tailor Rikin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The constantly growing demand for electricity demands both on the installed power of energy sources and on the transmission capabilities of electrical networks. Considering the fact that increasing the transmission capabilities of electrical networks by building new lines is a time and financially demanding process, network operators strive to use the transmission capacities of existing lines as much as possible. One of the possibilities of this maximum use of existing capacities is the application of the calculation of the dynamic ampacity of the lines, when the operators of electric networks know how to determine the maximum load capacity of the lines depending on the current climatic conditions. The presented publication presents a methodology for determining the dynamic ampacity of overhead power lines under different climatic conditions with the subsequent application of this methodology to a specific conductor used in the implementation of overhead transmission lines.
Digital Transformation Path of Manually Collected Meter Reading Data
Authors: Hrustemović Andrea , Laković Nedim , Tanović Nermana , Alihodzić Emir 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The global trend of digital transformation is not reserved for those sectors and businesses that are highly dependent on information technology (IT) solutions, but even for those traditional energy companies that still need to pass the long way to maximize green energy, automation and full trajectory of modernizing energy distribution. In energy distribution system Public Enterprise Electric Utility of Bosnia and Herzegovina (PE EP B&H), only around sixteen percent of meters are part of Advanced Metering Management (AMM) system and their data is ready to be used for different data analysis using business intelligence, while data collection from other meters is still done manually, and those one will probably not be replaced as long as they are operable. Main problem that PE EP B&H experienced in digitalization of meter reading data was to overcome readings that meter readers collected and wrote on paper lists.
Electromobility in BiH
Authors: Bićo Emina , Bešić Jasmina , Damadžić Ali , Harbaš Nihad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper an overview of the current state of electromobility in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and a prediction of the future state of electromobility in BiH according to models from the European Union (EU) and the state expected in the future is given. Based on the reference state, an analysis of energy consumption and energy savings due to the increase in the number of EVs in the future was performed. The main goal of this paper is to provide predictable data on the number of EVs expected in the future, according to models from the EU. These data can be used when planning the development of the network for electric cars, mainly charging stations. An analysis of the current state of the number and locations of charging stations for electric vehicles (EVs) was made.
Aerovalved Pulse Combustor for Enhancing Efficiency and Sustainability of Fossil Energy Conversion
Authors: Smajević Izet , Hanjalić Kemal 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The paper actualizes earlier research in developing a pulse combustion technique for enhancing the efficacy of utility and industrial boilers and furnaces. Some unpublished results of the experimental investigation of self-sustained pulsating combustion of a gas fuel in an aerovalved pulse combustor (PC) are presented. Relationships have been established between all important design and operating parameters and the combustion characteristics. It was demonstrated that a well-designed pulse combustor can operate efficiently in a stable self-pumping regime in a wide range of operating conditions with the loading from 20% to 100% of the maximum power. While a PC can operate autonomously as a gas burner, the present focus is on their use for mitigating slug and ash deposits on heating surfaces of coal- or biomass fired power and industrial boilers, thus providing an alternative to the proven detonation pulse (DPC) or other techniques for on-line cleaning of heating surfaces during the operation of power and industrial boilers.
Effect of 8 days of water-only fasting and vigorous exercise on anthropometric parameters, lipid profile and HOMA-IR in middle-aged men
Authors: Pilis Karol , Pilis Anna , Stec Krzysztof , Antosiewicz Jędrzej , Ślęzak Andrzej , Zalejska-Fiolka Jolanta , Dolibog Paweł , Pilis Wiesław , Letkiewicz Sławomir 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Study aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of 8 days of water-only fasting and physical exercise on somatic variables, lipid profile, insulin resistance and cardiovascular function in middle-aged men.

Material and methods: Body weight, body composition, lipid profile, serum concentrations of insulin, glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB), heart rate (HR), blood pressure and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were determined in 16 apparently healthy men at rest and after aerobic exercise. This test procedure was also repeated after 8 days of water-only fasting.

Results: Fasting intervention resulted in a reduction in body weight and fat mass (p < 0.001). The simultaneous effect of fasting and exercise resulted in significant changes in lipid profile, carbohydrate metabolism and cardiovascular function. Post hoc analyses showed that the reductions in insulin and glucose concentrations as well as the HOMA-IR index were caused by the fasting, and changes in the lipid profile and cardiovascular function were caused by the exercise test.

Conclusion: The combined use of fasting and physical effort resulted in an optimal effect on health indicators of the surveyed men.
Mathematical Connection is at the Heart of Mathematical Creativity
Authors: Bicer Ali , Bicer Aysenur , Capraro Mary , Lee Yujin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Although teaching mathematics for creativity has been advocated by many researchers, it has not been widely adopted by many teachers because of two reasons: 1) researchers emphasized and investigated mathematical creativity in terms of product dimension by looking at what students have at the end of problem-solving or -posing activities, but they neglected the creative processes students use during mathematics classrooms, and 2) creativity is an abstract construct and it is hard for teachers to interpret what it means for students to be creative in mathematics without further guidance. These can be eliminated by employing techniques of mathematical connections as tools because using mathematical connections can help teachers make sense of how to promote the creative processes of students in mathematics. Because making mathematical connections is a process of linking ideas in mathematics to other ideas and this is a creative act for students to take to achieve creative ideas in mathematics, using the strategies of making mathematical connections has the potential for teachers to understand what it means for students to be creative in mathematics and what it means to teach mathematics for creativity. This paper has two aims to 1) illustrate strategies for making mathematical connections that can also help students’ creative processes in mathematics, and 2) investigate the relationship among general mathematical ability, mathematical creative ability, and mathematical connection ability by reviewing theoretical explanations of these constructs and several predictors (e.g., inductive/deductive ability, quantitative ability) that are important for these constructs. This paper does not only provide examples and techniques of mathematical connection that can be used to foster creative processes of students in mathematics, but also suggests a potential model depicting the relationship among mathematical creativity, mathematical ability, and mathematical connection considering previously suggested theoretical models. It is important to note that the hypothesized model (see Figure 4) suggested in the present paper is not tested through statistical analyses and it is suggested that future research be conducted to show the relationship among the constructs (mathematical connection, mathematical creativity, mathematical ability, and spatial reasoning ability).
Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties of Green Lightweight Cement Composite Modified by Nano Additives
Authors: Du Yiying , Korjakins Aleksandrs 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Cement materials have been commonly used in the building and construction industries. However, the process of cement manufacture has long been connected with high consumption of energy and adverse environmental impacts. In this study, in order to produce innovative green cement material that consumes lower energy, resources and is more eco-friendly, industrial waste by-product fly ash cenosphere (FAC) has been utilized as lightweight aggregate to replace cement by 73.3 %. Most research regarding lightweight cement materials with FAC has mainly paid attention to the influence of FAC and the reinforcement via fibre materials, but very few studies have been devoted to the incorporation of nano additives. Therefore, 0.05 %, 0.15 %, 0.45 % of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and 0.2 %, and 1.0 % of nano silica (NS) were used to modify lightweight cement composite (LWCC). Experiments including flexural strength test, compressive strength test, and thermogravimetric analysis were performed to evaluate the mechanical behaviours and the hydration process of the produced LWCC. Based on the experimental outcomes, incorporating CNTs and NS can effectively contribute to enhancing both flexural and compressive strength, and facilitate cement hydration reaction.
Acquisition of Spanish Temporal Adverbials by Multilingual Estonian Learners
Authors: Mombiela Virginia Rapún , Tramallino Carolina Paola 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article focuses on the temporal structures used by multilingual Estonian students when expressing the hour in Spanish. Learning linguistic structures related to time is crucial in the early stages of foreign language acquisition. However, these structures can be complex and vary across languages, as they are highly idiosyncratic in terms of vocabulary and syntax. This study concentrates on the difficulties Estonian students face with Spanish time adverbials, specifically prepositions and articles. The paper aims to answer several research questions related to the repertoire of temporal expressions in the students' interlanguage, the difficulty posed by typological differences between their native language and Spanish, the influence of English, and the impact of English proficiency on Spanish production. The analysis of a corpus of interlanguage texts from Estonian students is conducted to identify idiosyncratic structures and patterns, distinguishing them from standard structures. The findings reveal that the use of articles improves with higher proficiency levels, while the use of prepositions remains challenging. Furthermore, the study explores the influence of English and Estonian on the students' Spanish production and highlights the importance of crosslinguistic reflection and attention to functional words for enhanced accuracy and fluency. The article concludes by emphasizing the significance of language proficiency levels and crosslinguistic influence in third language acquisition and suggesting areas for further research.
Airfoil Tonal Noise Prediction Using Urans
Authors: Klimczyk Witold , Sieradzki Adam 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
To examine the feasibility of the laminar boundary layer (LBL), vortex shedding (VS) tonal noise modelling using unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) was investigated for the non-symmetric S834 airfoil. A transition SST turbulence model was used to model the laminar-turbulent transition and its vital influence on the laminar bubble and hydrodynamic instabilities generation. The influence of turbulence on the unsteady vortex patterns was investigated. Hence, the hybrid aeroacoustic analysis with Lighthill analogy was conducted to obtain the acoustic pressure field. The approach allowed us to model hydrodynamic instabilities and the resulting VS tonal noise. The frequency of VS matched the experimental data, giving the same 1/3 octave tonal peak only for a limited freestream turbulence regime. The simplification of the present method did not allow us to model the aeroacoustic feedback loop, and resulted in lack of instabilities for higher freestream turbulence.