bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Height–diameter allometry for a dominant palm to improve understanding of carbon and forest dynamics in forests of Puerto Rico
Authors: Chatzopoulos Paschalis , Lammerant Roel , Thompson Jill , Uriarte María , Zimmerman Jess K. , Muscarella Robert 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTropical forests play a major role in the global carbon cycle but their diversity and structural complexity challenge our ability to accurately estimate carbon stocks and dynamics. Palms, in particular, are prominent components of many tropical forests that have unique anatomical, physiological, and allometric differences from dicot trees, which impede accurate estimates of their aboveground biomass (AGB) and population dynamics. We focused on improving height estimates and, ultimately, AGB estimates for a highly abundant palm in Puerto Rico, Prestoea acuminata. Based on field measurements of 1003 individuals, we found a strong relationship between stem height and diameter. We also found some evidence that height–diameter allometry of P. acuminata is mediated by various sources of environmental heterogeneity including slope and neighborhood crowding. We then examined variability in AGB estimates derived from three models developed to estimate palm AGB. Finally, we applied our novel height:diameter allometric model to hindcast dynamics of P. acuminata in the Luquillo Forest Dynamics Plot during a 27‐year period (1989–2016) of post‐hurricane recovery. Overall, our study provides improved estimates of AGB in wet forests of Puerto Rico and will facilitate novel insights to the dynamics of palms in tropical forests.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Ultrasound biomicroscopy in the management of complex cataract and intraocular lens: A review
Authors: Chan Nicole S.W. , Lim Jane S. , Mohanram Lakshmanasamudram S. , Chee Soon‐Phaik 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUltrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is an invaluable investigation for imaging anterior segment structures. Although it is operator‐dependent and time consuming, unlike optical‐based imaging techniques, it is able to image structures posterior to the iris, such as the zonules, ciliary body and part of the pars plana. It is especially useful in advanced cataracts, traumatic cataracts, subluxed lenses, posterior polar cataracts, and congenital and developmental anomalies affecting the anterior segment. It provides diagnostic information in eyes with complex cataracts or intraocular lens (IOL)‐related pathology, and aids in surgical planning in order to minimise complications. In this review, we describe the UBM features of various lenticular pathologies and demonstrate its application in the diagnosis and surgical management of lens and IOL‐related pathologies.
The status of women in academic ophthalmology: Authorship of papers, presentations, and academic promotions
Authors: Giannakakos Vasiliki P. , Syed Misha , Culican Susan M. , Rosenberg Jamie B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs the field of ophthalmology has evolved in the last several decades, so has the gender distribution of ophthalmologists. We conducted a narrative review to further characterise the status of women in the realm of publication, presentations, editorial positions, grants, academic promotion, and financial compensation. While the proportion of women publishing, presenting, and filling academic and editorial roles has increased over time, it still does not match that of men. Women are more likely to be first authors instead of senior authors, have lower average h‐indices, and are awarded fewer grants. The magnitude of some of these differences is smaller when adjusted for women's shorter career duration on average. Despite increased representation of women in ophthalmology, women continue to receive less compensation for the same work. This review highlights that more can be done to improve gender parity in ophthalmology.
Small mice create big problems: Why Predator Free New Zealand should include house mice and other pest species
Authors: Samaniego Araceli , Byrom Andrea E. , Gronwald Markus , Innes John G. , Reardon James T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPredator Free 2050 (PF2050) is a government initiative aiming to eradicate selected invasive mammals (mustelids, rats, and possums) from New Zealand (NZ) by 2050. Selecting which of 32 introduced mammal species to include has received little evaluation, yet targeting a few species often results in perverse ecological outcomes given interactions within the invasive guild. We explore how PF2050 could be improved strategically by focusing on biodiversity outcomes instead of selectively targeting invasives, using rodents as an example. Current PF2050 targets include all rat species (Rattus exulans, R. norvegicus, and R. rattus), but not the house mouse (Mus musculus). Mice can be as damaging as rats when competition and predation are removed, negating benefits of rat removal. Multirodent eradications are more cost‐effective and prevent mesopredator release. Using a case study, we show adding mice to a rat eradication would raise costs modestly, comparing favorably to independent mouse eradication later, which would be riskier and more socially and economically costly than the preceding rat eradication. Missing the opportunity to tackle all rodents simultaneously, leaving mice to multiply in numbers and impacts, could have serious environmental and socioeconomic consequences. Naïve eradication strategies neglecting ecological expertise risk biodiversity outcomes and NZ's eradication science reputation.
Fine needle aspiration biopsy of parathyroid; is it meaningful? A cytologic study of 81 cases with histological and clinical correlations
Authors: Bakuła‐Zalewska Elwira , Długosińska Joanna , Stanek‐Widera Agata , Góralski Piotr , Gałczyński Jacek , Żyłka Agnieszka , Durzyńska Monika , Dedecjus Marek 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundRecognizing the parathyroid gland and distinguishing the parathyroid from thyroid lesions in fine needle aspiration (FNA) is challenging. This study aimed to identify cytomorphologic features suggestive of parathyroid origin and to assess the utility of cytopathology in conjunction with ancillary tests in the identification of parathyroid glands.Materials and methodsUltrasound (US) guided FNA of parathyroid gland and lesions in 81 patients were reviewed concerning clinical history and correlated to histopathologic findings in available cases. FNA smears were evaluated for cellularity, architectural patterns, cellular and nuclear features, and background of the smears. In 78 cases, FNA was supplemented by a measurement of parathormone (PTH) levels in the needle washout fluid (FNA‐PTH assay) and/or GATA3/PTH/chromogranin‐A immunostainings.ResultsSixty‐four cases were diagnosed cytologically as parathyroid lesions in conjunction with FNA‐PTH assay and/or immunocytochemical examinations. In an additional nine cases, a diagnosis of parathyroid lesions was rendered after repeated FNA with FNA‐PTH assay. The histolopathologic diagnosis of surgically excised cases (n = 75) included parathyroid adenoma (60 cases), atypical parathyroid adenoma (4 cases), parathyroid hyperplasia (10 cases), and parathyroid carcinoma (1 case). Major cytological findings of parathyroid tissue included high cellularity, scattered naked nuclei, cribriform and three‐dimensional clusters, stippled chromatin, and oxyphilic cytoplasm while papillary pattern or colloid‐like material was identified in three cases respectively. No nuclear grooves or inclusions were seen in any case.ConclusionsHigh cellularity scattered naked nuclei, cribriform and three‐dimensional patterns, stippled chromatin and oxyphilic cytoplasm are cytomorphologic features that favour parathyroid origin. A combination of these features with FNA‐PTH assay and/or GATA3, PTH, and chromogranin‐A immunostainings on cytologic specimens aid in the identification of parathyroid glands and the distinguishing of parathyroid from thyroid lesions.
Genetic divergence and ecological adaptation of an eastern North American spring ephemeral Sanguinaria canadensis
Authors: Xia Mao‐Qin , Luo Yu‐Xin , Suyama Yoshihisa , Matsuo Ayumi , Sakaguchi Shota , Wang Yu‐Guo , Li Pan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimDescription of the driving forces for genetic divergence is important for understanding spatial pattern of biodiversity and development of conservation plans. Paleo‐climate, geographical barriers and habitat heterogeneity are considered to be the main influential factors; however, an integrative study is still lacking to reveal their interactions.LocationEastern North America.MethodsHere, we generated MIG‐seq SNPs of 403 Sanguinaria canadensis samples and seven plastome data. The methods of phylogeography and landscape genomics were applied to infer their genetic divergence, demography, species distribution modelling, ecological differentiation and local adaptation.ResultsWe identified three distinct genetic lineages corresponding to geographical distributions isolated by the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River. Ecological niche modelling and population demographic inference demonstrated that the response of S. canadensis to Pleistocene climate changes was consistent with the pattern of southward contraction during the ice age and northward recolonization during the inter−/postglacial period. Isolation in multiple southern refugia was a key factor resulting in the genetic divergence, whereas secondary contact triggered by repeated range shifts allowed gene flow among different lineages. A greater effect of isolation‐by‐environment than isolation‐by‐distance was founded, which suggested heterogeneous environment was also a promotor of genetic differentiation. Candidate adaptive loci related to transposable elements were identified under the influence of divergent environmental selection. Ecological niche divergence also reflected adaptation to different environments.Main ConclusionsThis study revealed that genetic divergence has occurred within S. canadensis populations under the combined effect of paleo‐climate, geographical barriers and habitat heterogeneity, and emphasized the necessity of establishing different conservation units in future biological conservation and management work.
Glycopyrronium 320 μg/mL in children and adolescents with severe sialorrhoea and neurodisabilities: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Fayoux Pierre , Dinomais Mickael , Shaw Helen , Villain Frédéric , Schwartz Déborah , Rondeau Stéphane , Letellier Guy , Auvin Stéphane 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the efficacy, safety, and impact on quality of life (QoL) of an oral formulation of 320 μg/mL glycopyrronium designed for children.MethodA double‐blind, placebo‐controlled SALIVA (Sialanar plus orAl rehabiLitation against placebo plus oral rehabilitation for chIldren and adolescents with seVere sialorrhoeA and neurodisabilities) trial was conducted. Children (3–17 years) with neurodisabilities and severe sialorrhoea (modified Teachers Drooling Scale ≥6) were randomized to 320 μg/mL glycopyrronium or placebo, in addition to non‐pharmacological standard care.ResultsOf 87 participants, 44 were aged 10 years or under and 43 had cerebral palsy. The primary endpoint, change in total Drooling Impact Scale (DIS) score from baseline to day 84, was significantly greater (improved) with 320 μg/mL glycopyrronium versus placebo (median [quartile 1, quartile 3] –29.5 [−44.5, 0] vs −1 [−16, 5]; p < 0.001), an effect also observed at day 28 (median − 25 vs −2; p < 0.01). Significant reduction in bibs/clothes used per day was seen with glycopyrronium versus placebo at day 84 (median − 2 vs 0; p < 0.01). Glycopyrronium significantly improved DIS items 9 and 10 related to the extent that drooling affects the child's and family's life (p ≤ 0.03). Adverse events were reported by 77.3% and 69.8% of children with glycopyrronium and placebo respectively; the most common treatment‐related adverse event was constipation (20.5% and 16.3%).InterpretationThe formulation of 320 μg/mL glycopyrronium significantly improved drooling and reduced its impact on QoL, with good tolerability in children with neurodisabilities.What this paper adds

The formulation of 320 μg/mL glycopyrronium significantly improved Drooling Impact Scale score versus placebo at day 84.
The formulation reduced the impact of drooling on the child's and family's quality of life.
There were no safety or tolerability concerns with this specific formulation.
Clinical epidemiology of COVID‐19 in people of black ethnicity living with HIV in the UK
Authors: Ottaway Zoe , Campbell Lucy , Cechin Laura R. , Patel Nisha , Fox Julie , Burns Fiona , Hamzah Lisa , Kegg Stephen , Rosenvinge Melanie , Schoeman Sarah , Price David , Jones Rachael , Clarke Amanda , Maan Irfaan , Ustianowski Andrew , Onyango Denis , Tariq Shema , Miller Robert F. , Post Frank A. ,   the COVID‐AFRICA study group
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the clinical epidemiology of COVID‐19 in people of black ethnicity living with HIV in the UK.MethodsWe investigated the incidence and factors associated with COVID‐19 in a previously established and well‐characterized cohort of black people with HIV. Primary outcomes were COVID‐19 acquisition and severe COVID‐19 disease (requiring hospitalization and/or resulting in death). Cumulative incidence was analysed using Nelson–Aalen methods, and associations between demographic, pre‐pandemic immune‐virological parameters, comorbidity status and (severe) COVID‐19 were identified using Cox regression analysis.ResultsCOVID‐19 status was available for 1847 (74%) of 2495 COVID‐AFRICA participants (median age 49.6 years; 56% female; median CD4 cell count = 555 cells/μL; 93% HIV RNA <200 copies/mL), 573 (31%) of whom reported at least one episode of COVID‐19. The cumulative incidence rates of COVID‐19 and severe COVID‐19 were 31.0% and 3.4%, respectively. Region of ancestry (East/Southern/Central vs. West Africa), nadir CD4 count and kidney disease were associated with COVID‐19 acquisition. Diabetes mellitus [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 2.39, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26–4.53] and kidney disease (aHR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.26–4.53) were associated with an increased risk, and recent CD4 count >500 cells/μL (aHR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.25–0.93) with a lower risk of severe COVID‐19.ConclusionsRegion of ancestry was associated with COVID‐19 acquisition, and immune and comorbidity statuses were associated with COVID‐19 disease severity in people of black ethnicity living with HIV in the UK.
Phase equilibrium investigations and thermodynamic modeling of the HfO2–Ta2O5 system
Authors: Löffler Manuel , Fabrichnaya Olga 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe HfO2–Ta2O5 system was investigated using two distinct methods: the equilibration method at temperatures ranging from 1 573 to 1 873 K and the differential thermal analysis method up to 2 473 K. To identify the phases, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) were employed. The temperature of the eutectic reaction L→Hf6Ta2O17+Ta2O5 was measured to be 2 052 K and the eutectic composition to be 66.7 mol.% Ta2O5. The peritectic reaction L+HfO2→Hf6Ta2O17 was observed at a temperature of 2 287 K. The heat capacity of the Hf6Ta2O17 phase was measured using differential scanning calorimetry from 240 to 1 300K. The thermodynamic database for the HfO2–Ta2O5 system was derived.
Finite element analysis of temperature distribution in 3YSZ ceramics during conventional sintering
Authors: Kumar Singh Shubham , Lakshya Annu Kumar , Chowdhury Anirban , Chakrabarti Tamoghna 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe presence of a temperature gradient (if any) within the ceramic sample is casually ignored during the sintering of ceramic shapes. The present work exposes some serious repercussions of such a thought process and provides simple solutions to mitigate the same; 3 mol.% yttria‐doped zirconia ceramic was used for this study. With the help of the combinatorial finite element analysis (FEA) model and real‐life experiments, our work illustrates the complex interplay of heat transfer mechanisms and reveals the dynamic nature of temperature distribution during the heating and cooling cycles of ceramics. Although the rate of heating is usually assigned as the most important factor during sintering, the present study shows that variations in heat transfer mechanism and sample geometry contribute very strongly to overall temperature distribution during the heating, holding, and cooling cycles. Along with of vertical positioning of the samples (inside the furnace), a bottom supporting ceramic plate with a high thermal conductivity can also help in reducing the temperature gradient between the top and bottom of the ceramic samples. Overall, exposing the sample most for the radiative heat transfer holds the key to successful sintering in order to avoid any phase, compositional, or microstructural heterogeneity across the thickness of the specimen.
Regulable surface hydroxyl group content in disperse ultrafine amorphous SiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Desheng , Cai Tiecheng , Yang Hongbing , Wei Wei , Guo Qian , Liu Jialing , Yan Xiaojuan , Li Yuanyuan , Zhang Jie , Li Jiangong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAmorphous silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) can be applied in environmental pollutant remediation, element removal, and water purification. The content of surface silanol groups in amorphous SiO2 NPs affects the characteristics of SiO2 NPs. However, the regulation of surface silanol group content in amorphous SiO2 NPs below 10 nm remains a challenge. Herein, tunable surface silanol group content was achieved in disperse ultrafine amorphous SiO2 NPs by controlling calcination and rehydroxylation. The surface silanol group content in amorphous SiO2 NPs is low (10 nm) and can be tuned from 0% to 2.5%. The amount of naphthalene adsorbed by the SiO2 NPs increases with increasing surface silanol group content. The surface silanol group content in SiO2 NPs can be an effective means to tune their adsorption performance and applications.
Immunohistochemical evaluation of keratins and involucrin in differentiating between palmoplantar pustulosis and pompholyx
Authors: Oh Dong Y. , Kim Seong J. , Jang Ye J. , Park Eun J. , Kim Kwang J. , Kim Kwang H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPalmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) and pompholyx are chronic diseases characterized by pustules and vesicles on the palms and soles. These disorders often have similar clinicopathological features, which lead to diagnostic difficulties. We aimed to investigate the expression patterns of keratins and involucrin in PPP and pompholyx using immunohistochemical staining.MethodsSkin biopsies from patients with PPP (n = 40) and pompholyx (n = 22) were immunohistochemically analyzed for Keratin 5, 9, 14, and involucrin expression.ResultsK5 expression was higher in PPP than in pompholyx, with diffusely positive expression in the basal, spinous, and granular layers. K14 expression did not differ between groups. K9 expression was observed near the pompholyx vesicle (P = 0.014) and stratum spinosum (P < 0.001) but was almost absent around PPP pustules. Involucrin expression was diffused around the PPP pustules and partially around the pompholyx vesicles, but without statistical significance (P = 0.123). Involucrin expression was elevated in the basal layer of the PPP compared with that in the pompholyx (P = 0.023).ConclusionPPP and pompholyx exhibited distinctive differentiation in the expression of K5, K9, and involucrin.
ICSH review of internal quality control policy for blood cell counters
Authors: McCafferty Richard , Cembrowski George , de la Salle Barbara , Peng Mingting , Urrechaga Eloisa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis paper is a report of an ICSH review of policies and practices for internal quality control (IQC) policy for haematology cell counters among regulatory bodies, cell counter manufacturers and diagnostic laboratories. It includes a discussion of the study findings and links to separate ICSH guidance for such policies and practices. The application of internal quality control (IQC) methods is an essential pre‐requisite for all clinical laboratory testing including the blood count (Full Blood Count, FBC, or Complete Blood Count, CBC).MethodsThe ICSH has gathered information regarding the current state of practice through review of published guidance from regulatory bodies, a questionnaire to six major cell counter manufacturers (Abbott Diagnostics, Beckman Coulter, Horiba Medical Diagnostic Instruments & Systems, Mindray Medical International, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics and Sysmex Corporation) and a survey issued to 191 diagnostic laboratories in four countries (China, Republic of Ireland, Spain and the United Kingdom) on their IQC practice and approach to use of commercial IQC materials.ResultsThis has revealed diversity both in guidance and in practice around the world. There is diversity in guidance from regulatory organizations in regard to IQC methods each recommends, clinical levels to use and frequency to run commercial controls, and finally recommended sources of commercial controls. The diversity in practice among clinical laboratories spans the areas of IQC methods used, derivation of target values and action limits used with control materials, and frequency of running commercial controls materials.ConclusionsThese findings and their implications for IQC Practice are discussed in this paper. They are used to inform a separate guidance document, which proposes a harmonized approach to address the issues faced by diagnostic laboratories.
Renewing an author‐centric publication process
Authors: Liston Adrian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImmunology & Cell Biology celebrated its 100‐year birthday as a journal with an editorial workshop focused on how we can improve the author experience. In our renewed editorial policies, we articulate our editorial focus on the quality of the scientific question and the robustness of the conclusions, including a new “scoop protection” policy to live our values. The journal is dedicated to maintaining its relationship with reviewers, enabling rapid quality peer review, but is also opening new lines of submission with expedited cross‐platform assessment of reviews and incorporation into the Review Commons submission pipeline. In 2024 we will expand our social media promotion of articles and build on the career development resource of Immunology Futures. Here we lay out the ethos, numbers and rationale behind ICB's renewed author‐centric publication policies for 2024.
Migration between imperfectly competitive economies
Authors: Sheen Jeffrey , Xu Hao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe study the role of bargaining as a barrier to migration in the equilibrium of a two‐region world with imperfectly competitive labour markets. Equilibrium migration is jointly determined by relative labour market bargaining powers, productivity and costs of migration. If migrants complement host factors, higher migration generally benefits both source and host economies. An enhancement of the bargaining power of typically weak migrant workers in host regions improves welfare.