bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of local control after robotic stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases: 10‐years‐experience after Cyberknife installation
Authors: Demir Harun , Doğan Bedriye , Günbey Hediye Pınar , Işık Naciye , Yaprak Gökhan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the factors influencing brain metastases (BM) local control (LC) after stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT).MethodsBetween 2010 and 2020, a cohort of 145 patients (246 BM) treated consecutively with robotic radiosurgery was analysed.ResultsMedian age was 61 years (range, 29–90 years). Median radiological follow‐up of the lesions was 21.7 months (range, 3–115 months). The mean overall survival and LC were 33.0 and 82.7 months, respectively. On univariate analysis, sex, primary cancer site, histological type, use of systemic steroids, maximum diameter, volume, early MRI response, isodose line, number of fractions, BED10 value, and BED10 value proportional to volume and maximum diameter were significant factors for LC. On multivariate analysis, female sex (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.10 P: 0.035), adenocarcinoma histology (HR: 6.54 P: 0.001), no steroid use (HR: 3.60 P: 0.001), maximum diameter (≤1 cm) (HR: 2.64 P: 0.018), complete response of lesion at first follow‐up MRI compared to stable or progressive disease (HR: 4.20, P = 0.024; HR: 19.15, P < 0.001), isodose line (≥90%) (HR: 2.00 P: 0.036), and tumour volume (PTV ≤2 cc) (HR: 5.19 P: 0.001) were independent factors improving LC.ConclusionsSRT is an effective treatment for patients with a limited number of BM with a high LC rate. There are many factors related to the patient, tumour, and radiotherapy plan that have an impact on LC after SRT in brain metastases. These results warrant further investigation in a prospective setting.
Maternal age and the risk of fetal aneuploidy: A nationwide cohort study of more than 500 000 singleton pregnancies in Denmark from 2008 to 2017
Authors: Elmerdahl Frederiksen Line , Ølgaard Sofie Møller , Roos Laura , Petersen Olav Bjørn , Rode Line , Hartwig Tanja , Ekelund Charlotte Kvist ,   the Danish Central Cytogenetics Registry Study Group, Vogel Ida 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn this register‐based study of pregnancies in Denmark, we assessed the associations between maternal age and the risk of fetal aneuploidies (trisomy 21, trisomy 18, trisomy 13, triploidy, monosomy X and other sex chromosome aberrations). Additionally, we aimed to disentangle the maternal age‐related effect on fetal aneuploidies by cases with translocation trisomies and mosaicisms.Material and methodsWe followed a nationwide cohort of 542 375 singleton‐pregnant women attending first trimester screening in Denmark between 2008 and 2017 until delivery, miscarriage or termination of pregnancy. We used six maternal age categories and retrieved information on genetically confirmed aneuploidies of the fetus and infant from the national cytogenetic register.ResultsWe confirmed the known associations between advanced maternal age and higher risk of trisomy 21, 18, 13 and other sex chromosome aberrations, especially in women aged ≥35 years, whereas we found no age‐related associations with triploidy or monosomy X. Cases with translocation trisomies and mosaicisms did not influence the overall reported association between maternal age and aneuploidies.ConclusionThis study provides insight into the accurate risk of fetal aneuploidies that pregnant women of advanced ages encounter.
Fear of childbirth after induced abortion in primiparous women: Population‐based register study from Finland
Authors: Kemppainen Venla , Mentula Maarit , Seppälä Tomi , Gissler Mika , Rouhe Hanna , Terhi Saisto , Heikinheimo Oskari , Niinimäki Maarit 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionFear of childbirth (FOC) is a common obstetrical challenge that complicates about every 10th pregnancy. Background factors of FOC are diverse. We evaluated the association of induced abortion (IA) and FOC in subsequent pregnancy.Material and methodsPopulation‐based register study based on three Finnish national registers: the Register of Induced Abortions, the Medical Birth Register and the Hospital Discharge Register. The study cases were primigravid women undergoing an IA in 2000–2015 and subsequent pregnancy ending in live singleton birth up to 2017. Each case had three controls, matched by age and residential area, whose first pregnancy ended in a live birth. The main outcome was the incidence of FOC in the subsequent pregnancy. In a secondary analysis, we assessed other risk factors for FOC.ResultsThe study cohort consisted of 21 455 women and 63 425 controls. Altogether, 4.2% of women had a diagnosis of FOC. The incidence was higher in women with a history of IA than in controls (5.6% vs 3.7%, P < 0.001). A history of IA was associated with higher odds for FOC: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.20 with 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.30. In addition, a history of psychiatric diagnosis (aOR 3.48, 95% CI 3.15–3.83), high maternal age, 30–39 years old (aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.43–1.67; P < 0.001) and ≥40 years old (aOR 3.00, 95% CI 2.37–3.77; P < 0.001) and smoking (aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.11–1.31; P < 0.001) were associated with increased odds for FOC. Women living in densely populated or rural areas and those with lower socioeconomic class had lower odds for FOC.ConclusionsA history of IA is associated with increased odds for FOC in subsequent pregnancy. However, the associations of FOC with a history of psychiatric diagnosis and elevated maternal age (especially ≥40 years old) are more pronounced.
International evidence‐based guideline on assessment and management of PCOS—A Nordic perspective
Authors: Forslund Maria , Melin Johanna , Stener‐Victorin Elisabet , Hirschberg Angelica Linden , Teede Helena , Vanky Eszter , Piltonen Terhi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects about 12% of women of reproductive age. In 2018, the first evidence‐based guideline on assessment and management of PCOS was published, and an updated extended guideline was released in August 2023. These guidelines followed best practice and are endorsed by 39 organizations worldwide, making them the most robust source of evidence to guide clinical practice. In the 2023 guideline, diagnostic criteria have been further refined as polycystic ovary morphology can now be assessed with gynecological ultrasound or elevated anti‐Müllerian hormone levels. A healthy lifestyle should be at the focus of care for all women with PCOS; however, with no specific diet or physical exercise recommended. The latest evidence on medical treatments and fertility management are reviewed, including special considerations regarding long‐term follow‐up of metabolic and psychiatric comorbidities and pregnancy in women with PCOS. Here we summarize the recommendations from a Nordic perspective.
Breast cancer during pregnancy—The oncologist's point of view
Authors: Matikas Alexios , Bergh Jonas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed during or directly after pregnancy. Differences in pathogenesis and prognosis identify two distinct patient groups, those with breast cancer during pregnancy and those with postpartum breast cancer which, for reasons not completely understood, is associated with worse outcomes. Compared with breast cancer in the non‐pregnant patient, several limitations in terms of both local and systemic therapy are applied to limit fetal harm. Treatment is nevertheless delivered with curative intent, therefore avoiding harmful delays in therapy initiation, unnecessary therapy de‐escalation or chemotherapy dose modifications is strongly recommended. In this short commentary, we briefly review current evidence and treatment guidelines and provide recommendations for optimal oncologic management of pregnancy‐related breast cancer.
Choriocapillaris and choroidal thickness in all Leber hereditary optic neuropathy stages using swept source technology
Authors: Castillo Lorena , Berrozpe‐Villabona Clara , Miserachs‐García Sergio , Haulani Hanan , Gómez‐Gutiérrez Cecilia , González‐Martínez Alba , Morilla‐Grasa Antonio , Arias Luis , Caminal José M. , Casaroli‐Marano Ricardo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeThe role of the choroid in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) remains unclear. The literature is scarce, with conflicting results and lacks axial length measurements. Therefore, we aimed to analyse the choriocapillaris (CC) vessel density (VD) and choroidal thickness (ChT) in all stages of LHON using swept source (SS) technology and considering the possible influence of axial length on choroidal parameters.MethodsThis was a prospective cross‐sectional observational study. A total of 119 eyes of 60 patients with molecularly confirmed LHON across all stages and 120 eyes of 60 control participants were included. We obtained the CC VD using optical coherence tomography angiography maps centred on the fovea. ChT was measured from the Bruch's membrane to the choroid‐sclera interface in the macular and peripapillary regions.ResultsThe CC VD was not significantly affected in any sector or average, except for a slight change in the superior region of chronic eyes (52.08 ± 1.62% vs. 53.50 ± 2.29%, p = 0.002). ChT demonstrated a trend towards decreased values in asymptomatic eyes and increased values in the symptomatic stages that failed to reach statistical significance in sectors corresponding to the papillomacular bundle except for the macular nasal inner sector of chronic eyes (281.10 ± 67.12 μm vs. 252.08 ± 70.55 μm, p = 0.045). No significant correlations were observed between visual acuity and CC VD or ChT.ConclusionThe CC VD remained stable across the LHON stages. Choroidal vasculature does not appear to play a role in LHON pathophysiology. Further research is needed on ChT as a potential biomarker of LHON.
Neonatal outcomes of pregnant women attending integrated and standard substance use treatment programs in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Milligan Karen , Tarasoff Lesley A. , Rodrigues Erica R. , Iwajomo Tomisin , Gomes Tara , de Oliveira Claire , Brown Hilary K. , Urbanoski Karen A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundSubstance use in pregnancy raises concern given its potential teratogenic effects. Given the unique needs of parenting people and the potential impact for developing children, specialized substance use treatment programs are increasingly being implemented for this population. Substance use treatment is associated with more positive neonatal outcomes compared with no treatment, however treatment models vary limiting our understanding of key treatment components/modelsFew studies have explored the influence of treatment model type (i.e., integrated treatments designed for pregnant clients compared with standard treatment models) and no studies have examined the influence of treatment model on neonatal outcomes using Canadian data.MethodWe conducted a population‐based cohort study of clients who were pregnant when initiating integrated (n = 564) and standard (n = 320) substance use treatment programs in Ontario, Canada.ResultsNeonatal outcomes did not significantly differ by treatment type (integrated or standard), with rates of adverse neonatal outcomes higher than published rates for the general population, despite receipt of adequate levels of prenatal care. While this suggests no significant impact of treatment, it is notable that as a group, clients engaged in integrated treatment presented with more risk factors for adverse neonatal outcomes than those in standard treatment. While we controlled for these risks in our analyses, this may have obscured their influence in relation to treatment type.ConclusionFindings underscore the need for more nuanced research that considers the influence of client factors in interaction with treatment type. Pregnant clients engaged in any form of substance use treatment are at higher risk of having children who experience adverse neonatal outcomes. This underscores the urgent need for further investment in services and research to support maternal and neonatal health before and during pregnancy, as well as long‐term service models that support women and children beyond the perinatal and early childhood periods.
Effectiveness of in vivo T‐cell‐depleted regimen containing porcine anti‐lymphocyte globulin or rabbit anti‐thymocyte globulin in preventing acute graft‐versus‐host disease after haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Xu Ziwei , Zhou Xi , Zhao Xiaoyan , Lu Xuan , Wang Huafang 
Published: November 2023

SummaryTo compare the clinical efficacy of porcine anti‐lymphocyte globulin (p‐ALG) and rabbit anti‐thymocyte globulin (r‐ATG) in the treatment of haematological malignancies using haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo‐HSCT), this study was conducted. The incidences of neutrophil and platelet engraftment, respectively, were 100%, 93.6% and 94.4%; 100%, 93.6% and 90.3% in p‐ALG 75 mg/kg (n = 57), p‐ALG 90 mg/kg (n = 49), and r‐ATG 7.5 mg/kg (n = 72). The median time to neutrophil engraftment and platelet engraftment were 11, 12 and 12 days (p = 0.032); 13, 14 and 13 days (p = 0.013), respectively. The incidence of grades II–IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease and cumulative incidence of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease were 16.7% versus 12.5% versus 13.3% (p = 0.817) and 14.7% versus 12.1% versus 19.5% in p‐ALG 75 mg/kg, p‐ALG 90 mg/kg and r‐ATG groups. Notably, the cytomegalovirus infection rate in the p‐ALG 75 mg/kg group was significantly lower than the other two groups. The cumulative incidence of 2‐year relapse and 2‐year overall survival rates were similar (p = 0.901, p = 0.497). The lower dose of p‐ALG (75 mg/kg) had a similar efficacy and safety profile compared with r‐ATG (7.5 mg/kg) in the setting of haplo‐HSCT. Therefore, p‐ALG (75 mg/kg) may be an appropriate alternative to r‐ATG in the conditioning regimen of haplo‐HSCT.
Analysis of characteristics related to interstitial lung disease or pulmonary hypertension in patients with dermatomyositis
Authors: Wang Chulin , Yang Han , Li Tongfen , Wen Yiqiong , Yang Heran , Tang Weifeng , Li Lin , Sun Shibo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionDermatomyositis (DM) is often associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD) or pulmonary hypertension (PH). The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of DM patients with ILD or PH.MethodsThis study retrospectively analysed the clinical characteristics of 372 patients with DM, including cytokines, lymphocyte subsets, immunoglobulin and complement. The DM patients were divided into different groups according to whether complicated with ILD, PH or anti‐melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5 antibodies (MDA5). A qualitative and quantitative data analysis was performed.ResultsIgG, IgA and IgM in the DM‐associated ILD (ILD‐DM) were higher than that of the DM non‐complicating ILD (Non‐ILD‐DM) (p = 0.022, 0.002 and 0.029, respectively). Meanwhile, IL‐6 (p = 0.008) and IL‐10 (p = 0.001) were increased in the DM‐associated PH (PH‐DM) than in the DM non‐complicating PH (Non‐PH‐DM), while IL‐17 (p = 0.004), double positive (DP) cell ratio and B lymphocyte ratio were reduced in the PH‐DM. Moreover, the incidence of ILD and levels of C4 were higher in the DM with MDA5 (MDA5+ DM) than that of the DM without MDA5.ConclusionILD‐DM has higher IgG, IgA and IgM than that of Non‐ILD‐DM. PH‐DM has higher IL‐6, IL‐10 and lower IL‐17, DP cell ratio and B lymphocyte ratio than that of Non‐PH‐DM.
Ethnic elder poverty: Miao household livelihoods and elderly self‐sufficiency practices in Midwest China
Authors: Guo Shuangyan , Canessa Andrew 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWithin the existing literature on livelihoods, there is a paucity of research examining the livelihood of the elderly from ethnic communities, and of the few studies on elderly livelihoods, scholars tend to focus on their agricultural labor engagement and ignore other forms of activity. In this study, we investigate the elderly livelihood choices and the multiple survival practices in a Miao town in China's Midwest, which was chosen as the first case for the Targeted Poverty Alleviation (TPA) program. Using the dual lenses of age and ethnicity, we describe the history of household livelihoods in the region, and how agricultural participation, the production of ethnic artisan goods and ritual practices are uniquely employed by Miao elders (compared to their Han peers) to achieve self‐sufficiency. We consider how being Miao has certain advantages in tackling elder poverty. Alongside agricultural labor, Miao elders can engage in recognized handicrafts for sale; they can also engage in customary ritual practices as a recognized ethnic minority which would otherwise be prohibited and contribute to social cohesion. This is the first anthropological study conducted in Midwest China that centers on the livelihood and practices of age‐advanced group with an ethnic identity in a globally aging context.
Artificial intelligence in epilepsy phenotyping
Authors: Knight Andrew , Gschwind Tilo , Galer Peter , Worrell Gregory A. , Litt Brian , Soltesz Ivan , Beniczky Sándor 
Published: November 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) allows data analysis and integration at an unprecedented granularity and scale. Here we review the technological advances, challenges, and future perspectives of using AI for electro‐clinical phenotyping of animal models and patients with epilepsy. In translational research, AI models accurately identify behavioral states in animal models of epilepsy, allowing identification of correlations between neural activity and interictal and ictal behavior. Clinical applications of AI‐based automated and semi‐automated analysis of audio and video recordings of people with epilepsy, allow significant data reduction and reliable detection and classification of major motor seizures. AI models can accurately identify electrographic biomarkers of epilepsy, such as spikes, high‐frequency oscillations, and seizure patterns. Integrating AI analysis of electroencephalographic, clinical, and behavioral data will contribute to optimizing therapy for patients with epilepsy.
First record of the azalea lace bug Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott, 1874) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) in the European part of Russia: Molecular genetics and taxonomy of an alien pest
Authors: Zhuravleva Elena N. , Golub Viktor B. , Kirichenko Natalia I. , Shoshina Elena I. , Soboleva Viktoria A. , Karpun Natalia N. , Musolin Dmitrii L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe azalea lace bug Stephanitis (Stephanitis) pyrioides (Scott, 1874) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) originates from the East Palaearctic. In 2020, this alien species was recorded for the first time in the European part of Russia (Krasnodar Territory, Sochi), notably attacking Rhododendron × hybridum hort. It most likely arrived there with plants for planting from Italy. The main morphological characteristics of adults and larvae are described and illustrated. The morphological differences between S. pyrioides and closely related S. pyri (Fabricius, 1775) are highlighted in the key to distinguish these two species, bearing in mind that now both of them can be found in the south of the European part of Russia. Additionally, DNA barcoding data for S. pyrioides from Sochi were analysed against other related species of Stephanitis whose DNA barcodes are available in Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) and GenBank: S. takeyai Drake et Maa, 1955, S. oberti (Kolenati, 1857), S. mendica Horváth, 1912, and S. chinensis Drake, 1948. The bionomics, distribution, damage and impact of S. pyrioides are outlined.
Species‐specific effects of production practices on genetic diversity in plant reintroduction programs
Authors: Diaz‐Martin Zoe , De Vitis Marcello , Havens Kayri , Kramer Andrea T. , MacKechnie Linda M. , Fant Jeremie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPlant production practices can influence the genetic diversity of cultivated plant materials and, ultimately, their potential to adapt to a reintroduction site. A common step in the plant production process is the application of seed pretreatment to alleviate physiological seed dormancy and successfully germinate seeds. In production settings, the seeds that germinate more rapidly may be favored in order to fill plant quotas. In this study, we investigated how the application of cold‐moist stratification treatments with different durations can lead to differences in the genetic diversity of the propagated plant materials. Specifically, we exposed seeds of three Viola species to two different cold stratification durations, and then we analyzed the genetic diversity of the resulting subpopulations through double‐digestion restriction site‐associated sequencing (ddRADseq). Our results show that, in two out of three species, utilizing a short stratification period will decrease the genetic diversity of neutral and expressed loci, likely due to the imposition of a genetic bottleneck and artificial selection. We conclude that, in some species, the use of minimal stratification practices in production may jeopardize the adaptive potential and long‐term persistence of reintroduced populations and suggest that practitioners carefully consider the evolutionary implications of their production protocols. We highlight the need to consider the germination ecology of target species when selecting the length of dormancy‐breaking pretreatments.
PAC1 receptor modulation of freezing and flight behavior in periaqueductal gray
Authors: Yavas Ersin , Zhuravka Irina , Fanselow Michael S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) region is a critical anatomical regulator of fear‐related species‐specific defensive reactions (SSDRs). Pituitary adenylate‐cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP), and its main receptor PAC1, play an important role in fear‐related behavior and anxiety disorders. However, the function of the PACAP‐PAC1 system within the PAG with regards to SSDRs has received little attention. To address this gap, we used transgenic PAC1flox/flox mice to examine both conditional and unconditional defensive reactions. We performed conditional PAC1 gene deletion within the ventrolateral(vl)PAG of PAC1flox/flox mice using an adeno‐associated virus (AAV) coding for Cre recombinase. Following viral expression, we used a white noise fear conditioning preparation that produces both an unconditional activity burst to the onset of noise that is followed by conditional freezing. On Day 1, mice received five white noise foot‐shock pairings, whereas on Day 2, they were exposed to white noise five times without shock and we scored the activity burst and freezing to the white noise. Following behavioral testing, histology for immunofluorescent analysis was conducted in order to identify PACAP positive cells and stress‐induced c‐fos activity respectively. We found that PAC1 deletion in vlPAG increased the unconditional activity burst response but disrupted conditional freezing. PAC1 deletion was accompanied by higher c‐fos activity following the behavioral experiments. Furthermore, a significant portion of PACAP‐EGFP positive cells showed overlapping expression with VGAT, indicating their association with inhibitory neurons. The findings suggested that intact PACAP‐PAC1 mechanisms are essential for SSDRs in vlPAG. Therefore, midbrain PACAP contributes to the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating fear responses.