bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discours public québécois sur l'affaire du mot en « n » : entre dénonciation d'une insulte raciale et défense des libertés universitaires
Authors: Taher Saaz 
Published: January 2024

RésuméS'intéressant au débat public québécois concernant l'affaire du mot en « n », survenue en 2020 à l'Université d'Ottawa, cet article vise à déterminer comment les discours de déni du racisme produits par les membres des groupes dominants se maintiennent au sein de l'espace public, malgré les critiques anti-racistes produites par les membres des groupes dominés. En combinant la théorie critique de la race, la théorie de l'injustice et l'ignorance épistémiques et la théorie des actes de discours, cet article propose une analyse critique du discours médiatique québécois sur l'affaire du mot en « n ». Il retrace ainsi les positions dénonçant l'utilisation du mot en « n » comme une insulte raciale et une manifestation du racisme systémique et celles justifiant la nécessité de protéger la liberté universitaire et la liberté d'expression face à une culture de l'annulation menaçant de les censurer. L'analyse du cas québécois révèle que le déni public du racisme reproduit des injustices herméneutiques à l’égard des critiques anti-racistes, particulièrement celles formulées par les communautés noires, et cela à travers un nouveau mécanisme linguistique que je nomme les « déviations illocutoires ».
Cryogenian-Ediacaran crustal growth and evolution of the active margin of the Dahomeyide belt, Ghana
Authors: Kwayisi Daniel , Nyavor Emmanuel , Dzikunoo Elikplim Abla , Fynn Iris Ekua Mensimah , Kutu Jacob , Nude Prosper M 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe study presents detailed petrographical, geophysical, structural and geochemical data of the internal nappes zone to establish the deformational history, origin and tectonic setting and constrain the crustal growth and evolution of the active margin of the Dahomeyide belt. Two main lithological units, (i) deformed meta-granitoids (migmatites and gneisses) and (ii) undeformed granitoids, dominate the internal nappes zone. The granitoids are generally I-type, metaluminous to weakly peraluminous, low-K tholeiite to high-K calc-alkaline and of tonalite, granodiorite and granite affinity. The overall trace element patterns of the studied granitoids characterized by the enriched LILE and depleted HFS, with negative peaks of Nb-Ta, Sr, P and Ti, are indications of arc-related magmatism. Structural analysis reveals four deformation phases (D1-D4). D1 represents Northwest-Southeast (NW-SE) Pan African shortening associated with a continent-continent collision, resulting in westward nappe stacking. Progressive NW-SE shortening resulted in D2 and D3 top-to-the-NW dextral and sinistral thrusting events during the Pan-African orogeny. D4 is an extensional event likely associated with the orogenic collapse phase. The gneisses and migmatites, with dominant axial planar foliations, point to their formation in a collisional setting or influence by the Pan-African collisional processes. Continental-arc signatures in these rocks imply continental subduction during their protolith formation. The intrusive granitoid and pegmatite are undeformed, meaning late- to post-orogenic emplacement. These findings suggest that the internal nappes zone archived the subduction-collision and post-collisional phase of the Pan-African orogeny and recorded large-scale migmatization and granitoid emplacement due to partial melting of thickened lower crust between Mid-Cryogenian and late Ediacaran.
Absolute concentration robustness and multistationarity in reaction networks: Conditions for coexistence
Authors: Kaihnsa Nidhi , Nguyen Tung , Shiu Anne 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMany reaction networks arising in applications are multistationary, that is, they have the capacity for more than one steady state, while some networks exhibit absolute concentration robustness (ACR), which means that some species concentration is the same at all steady states. Both multistationarity and ACR are significant in biological settings, but only recently has attention focused on the possibility for these properties to coexist. Our main result states that such coexistence in at-most-bimolecular networks (which encompass most networks arising in biology) requires at least three species, five complexes and three reactions. We prove additional bounds on the number of reactions for general networks based on the number of linear conservation laws. Finally, we prove that, outside of a few exceptional cases, ACR is equivalent to non-multistationarity for bimolecular networks that are small (more precisely, one-dimensional or up to two species). Our proofs involve analyses of systems of sparse polynomials, and we also use classical results from chemical reaction network theory.
Berkeley's Master Argument
Authors: Wreen Michael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOne of Berkeley's best-known arguments for the view that there are no material objects is the so-called Master Argument. There are several good critical discussions of it. That invites the question: is there anything new to say? Well, it will be argued, there are a few things to say. First, although refutations by logical analogy have been advanced against the Master Argument, the strongest such refutation, one which demonstrates its incoherence, has not been. It is here. Second, there are few formal reconstructions of the Master Argument – the great majority of discussions treat it discursively – but a formal reconstruction, and one not found elsewhere, is offered here. Third, the formal reconstruction makes possible identification of the essential mistake of the argument. That mistake is equivocation. The common complaint that Berkeley illicitly introduces the act of conceiving into the content of the concept conceived is not quite correct; but to the extent that it is correct, it's explicable in terms of an underlying equivocation. Fourth, the article presupposes no acquaintance with Berkeley's work and is written in a conversational, easy-to-read style. Given that Berkeley himself wrote in a similar style, he could at least agree that the fourth point is a merit of the article.
Does Moral Ignorance Excuse?
Authors: Levy Neil 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThere's heated debate around whether people who did terrible things in the past, at a time when there was widespread acceptance of such actions, are appropriately blamed by us, on the grounds they weren't really morally ignorant, or their ignorance was itself culpable. I point to puzzles that arise if we blame them. We need to explain how they could act so badly if they weren't fully ignorant. I argue that plausible answers to that question entail that they're not blameworthy, or that we lack standing to blame them.
Role of Atlantification in Enhanced Primary Productivity in the Barents Sea
Authors: Noh Kyung‐Min , Oh Ji‐Hoon , Lim Hyung‐Gyu , Song Hajoon , Kug Jong‐Seong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecent changes in the Arctic sea‐ice are strongly influenced by the recent increase in heat transport from vigorous Atlantic inflows, so‐called Atlantification. This Atlantification can induce physical and ecological changes near the Atlantic gateway. Here, we used the observational data sets and 26 Earth system models to estimate Atlantic water intrusion, and firstly suggest the impact of Atlantification on marine productivity in the Barents Sea in a warming climate, especially on boreal spring. In a warming climate, the heat transport across the Barents Sea Opening (BSO) is projected to be enhanced (45.5 ± 34.9 TW) by the end of the 21st century compared to the present climate. This poleward intrusion of the Atlantic water is likely to increase productivity with the largest increase in spring (70%). In a warming climate, the productivity is enhanced by Atlantification‐induced changes in physical states—ocean temperature, circulations, stratification, and sea‐ice. Based on inter‐model analyses, we estimated that the Atlantification can explain approximately 26% of the productivity changes in the Barents Sea. Thus, Atlantification is critical for future changes in biological productivity and physical states over the Arctic Ocean.
Control of Seismicity Migration in Earthquake Swarms by Injected Fluid Volume and Aseismic Crack Propagation
Authors: Danré Philippe , Garagash Dmitry , De Barros Louis , Cappa Frédéric , Ampuero Jean‐Paul 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe evolution of fluid injection‐induced seismicity, generally characterized through the number of events or their seismic moment, depends on, among other factors, the injected fluid volume. Migration of seismicity is observed during those sequences and might be caused by a range of mechanisms: fluid pressure diffusion, fluid‐induced aseismic slip propagating along a stimulated fault, interactions between earthquakes. Recent theoretical and observational developments underline the important effect on seismicity migration of structural parameters, like fault criticality, or injection parameters, like flow rate or pressurization rate. Here, we analyze two well‐studied injection‐induced seismic sequences at the Soultz‐sous‐Fôret and Basel geothermal sites, and find that the evolution of the seismicity front distance primarily depends on the injected fluid volume. Based on a fracture mechanics model, we develop new equations relating seismicity migration to injected fluid volume and frictional and structural properties of the fault. We find that the propagation of a fluid‐induced aseismic slip front along the stimulated fault, triggering seismicity, explains well the observations made on the two sequences. This model allows us to constrain parameters describing the seismicity front evolution and explains the diversity of migration patterns observed in injection‐induced and natural earthquake swarms.
Ballasting of Particulate Organic Matter at the Ninetyeast Ridge During the Mid‐Brunhes Dissolution Interval and Long‐Term Implications for Zonal Change in Tropical Indian Oceanography
Authors: Takata Hiroyuki , Khim Boo‐Keun , Hyeong Kiseong , Seo Inah , Huh Youngsook , Asahi Hirofumi , Lee Jongmin , Seto Koji 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe investigated benthic foraminifera in cores GPC03 and GPC04 in the northeast tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) over the past ∼450 ka to evaluate the ballasting effect of particulate organic matter (POM) and the long‐term zonal change during the mid‐Brunhes dissolution interval (MBDI). Today, interannual climate and oceanographic variability in the TIO is governed by the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), which manifests as asymmetric zonal oceanographic change. Previous studies have been conducted to uncover such zonal paleoceanographic change and have referred to their climatic pattern as an “IOD‐like mode.” In the northeast TIO, after ∼390 ka, contributions of lithogenic matter and %Nuttallides umbonifer were unusually high under the better carbonate preservation conditions during glacial periods. Our findings suggest that the effect of lithogenic matter from the Ganga‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna River system increased significantly under glacial low sea‐level conditions, possibly by lateral transport along the continental slope. As a result, ballasting of POM seemed more efficient during glacial periods by abundant riverine lithogenic particles. In addition, the long‐term (∼320–200 ka) trend of high benthic foraminiferal accumulation rate (BFAR) and several short‐term fluctuations of high BFAR at ∼310, ∼280, ∼260, and ∼240 ka were discernible. We attribute these changes to increased paleoproductivity driven by upwelling, which may be related to the Indian Ocean equatorial westerlies and Indian summer monsoon dynamics via variations arising from precession. We propose that a long‐term mean‐state transition of IOD‐like mode might have occurred during the MBDI, similar to other hypotheses invoking concomitant changes in the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation system.
Quantum plasmonics pushes chiral sensing limit to single molecules: a paradigm for chiral biodetections
Authors: Zhang Chi , Hu Huatian , Ma Chunmiao , Li Yawen , Wang Xujie , Li Dongyao , Movsesyan Artur , Wang Zhiming , Govorov Alexander , Gan Quan , Ding Tao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChiral sensing of single molecules is vital for the understanding of chirality and their applications in biomedicine. However, current technologies face severe limitations in achieving single-molecule sensitivity. Here we overcome these limitations by designing a tunable chiral supramolecular plasmonic system made of helical oligoamide sequences (OS) and nanoparticle-on-mirror (NPoM) resonator, which works across the classical and quantum regimes. Our design enhances the chiral sensitivity in the quantum tunnelling regime despite of the reduced local E-field, which is due to the strong Coulomb interactions between the chiral OSs and the achiral NPoMs and the additional enhancement from tunnelling electrons. A minimum of four molecules per single-Au particle can be detected, which allows for the detection of an enantiomeric excess within a monolayer, manifesting great potential for the chiral sensing of single molecules.
Cyclical palmitoylation regulates TLR9 signalling and systemic autoimmunity in mice
Authors: Ni Hai , Wang Yinuo , Yao Kai , Wang Ling , Huang Jiancheng , Xiao Yongfang , Chen Hongyao , Liu Bo , Yang Cliff Y. , Zhao Jijun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractToll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) recognizes self-DNA and plays intricate roles in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the molecular mechanism regulating the endosomal TLR9 response is incompletely understood. Here, we report that palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1) regulates systemic autoimmunity by removing S-palmitoylation from TLR9 in lysosomes. PPT1 promotes the secretion of IFNα by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and TNF by macrophages. Genetic deficiency in or chemical inhibition of PPT1 reduces anti-nuclear antibody levels and attenuates nephritis in B6.Sle1yaa mice. In healthy volunteers and patients with SLE, the PPT1 inhibitor, HDSF, reduces IFNα production ex vivo. Mechanistically, biochemical and mass spectrometry analyses demonstrated that TLR9 is S-palmitoylated at C258 and C265. Moreover, the protein acyltransferase, DHHC3, palmitoylates TLR9 in the Golgi, and regulates TLR9 trafficking to endosomes. Subsequent depalmitoylation by PPT1 facilitates the release of TLR9 from UNC93B1. Our results reveal a posttranslational modification cycle that controls TLR9 response and autoimmunity.
Land management shapes drought responses of dominant soil microbial taxa across grasslands
Authors: Lavallee J. M. , Chomel M. , Alvarez Segura N. , de Castro F. , Goodall T. , Magilton M. , Rhymes J. M. , Delgado-Baquerizo M. , Griffiths R. I. , Baggs E. M. , Caruso T. , de Vries F. T. , Emmerson M. , Johnson D. , Bardgett R. D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSoil microbial communities are dominated by a relatively small number of taxa that may play outsized roles in ecosystem functioning, yet little is known about their capacities to resist and recover from climate extremes such as drought, or how environmental context mediates those responses. Here, we imposed an in situ experimental drought across 30 diverse UK grassland sites with contrasting management intensities and found that: (1) the majority of dominant bacterial (85%) and fungal (89%) taxa exhibit resistant or opportunistic drought strategies, possibly contributing to their ubiquity and dominance across sites; and (2) intensive grassland management decreases the proportion of drought-sensitive and non-resilient dominant bacteria—likely via alleviation of nutrient limitation and pH-related stress under fertilisation and liming—but has the opposite impact on dominant fungi. Our results suggest a potential mechanism by which intensive management promotes bacteria over fungi under drought with implications for soil functioning.
Structural regulation of halide superionic conductors for all-solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Li Xiaona , Kim Jung Tae , Luo Jing , Zhao Changtai , Xu Yang , Mei Tao , Li Ruying , Liang Jianwen , Sun Xueliang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMetal halide solid-state electrolytes have gained widespread attention due to their high ionic conductivities, wide electrochemical stability windows, and good compatibility with oxide cathode materials. The exploration of highly ionic conductive halide electrolytes is actively ongoing. Thus, understanding the relationship between composition and crystal structure can be a critical guide for designing better halide electrolytes, which still remains obscure for reliable prediction. Here we show that the cationic polarization factor, which describes the geometric and ionic conditions, is effective in predicting the stacking structure of halide electrolytes formation. By supplementing this principle with rational design and preparation of more than 10 lithium halide electrolytes with high conductivity over 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C, we establish that there should be a variety of promising halide electrolytes that have yet to be discovered and developed. This methodology may enable the systematic screening of various potential halide electrolytes and demonstrate an approach to the design of halide electrolytes with superionic conductivity beyond the structure and stability predictions.
Change of deep subduction seismicity after a large megathrust earthquake
Authors: Gardonio Blandine , Marsan David , Bodin Thomas , Socquet Anne , Durand Stéphanie , Radiguet Mathilde , Ricard Yanick , Schubnel Alexandre 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSubduction zones are home to the world’s largest and deepest earthquakes. Recently, large-scale interactions between shallow (0-60 km) and intermediate (80-150 km) seismicity have been evidenced during the interseismic period but also before and after megathrust earthquakes along with large-scale changes in surface motion. Large-scale deformation transients following major earthquakes have also been observed possibly due to a post-seismic change in slab pull or to a bending/unbending of the plates, which suggests the existence of interactions between the deep and shallow parts of the slab. In this study, we analyze the spatio-temporal variations of the declustered seismicity in Japan from 2000 to 2011/3/11 and from 2011/3/11 to 2013/3/11. We observe that the background rate of the intermediate to deep (150-450 km) seismicity underwent a deceleration of 55% south of the rupture zone and an acceleration of 30% north of it after the Tohoku-oki earthquake, consistent with the GPS surface displacements. This shows how a megathrust earthquake can affect the stress state of the slab over a 2500 km lateral range and a large depth range, demonstrating that earthquakes interact at a much greater scale than the surrounding rupture zone usually considered.
Waveguide holography for 3D augmented reality glasses
Authors: Jang Changwon , Bang Kiseung , Chae Minseok , Lee Byoungho , Lanman Douglas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNear-eye displays are fundamental technology in the next generation computing platforms for augmented reality and virtual reality. However, there are remaining challenges to deliver immersive and comfortable visual experiences to users, such as compact form factor, solving vergence-accommodation conflict, and achieving a high resolution with a large eyebox. Here we show a compact holographic near-eye display concept that combines the advantages of waveguide displays and holographic displays to overcome the challenges towards true 3D holographic augmented reality glasses. By modeling the coherent light interactions and propagation via the waveguide combiner, we demonstrate controlling the output wavefront using a spatial light modulator located at the input coupler side. The proposed method enables 3D holographic displays via exit-pupil expanding waveguide combiners, providing a large software-steerable eyebox. It also offers additional advantages such as resolution enhancement capability by suppressing phase discontinuities caused by pupil replication process. We build prototypes to verify the concept with experimental results and conclude the paper with discussion.
Integrated multi-omics analyses identify anti-viral host factors and pathways controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Hou Jiakai , Wei Yanjun , Zou Jing , Jaffery Roshni , Sun Long , Liang Shaoheng , Zheng Ningbo , Guerrero Ashley M. , Egan Nicholas A. , Bohat Ritu , Chen Si , Zheng Caishang , Mao Xiaobo , Yi S. Stephen , Chen Ken , McGrail Daniel J. , Sahni Nidhi , Shi Pei-Yong , Chen Yiwen , Xie Xuping , Peng Weiyi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHost anti-viral factors are essential for controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection but remain largely unknown due to the biases of previous large-scale studies toward pro-viral host factors. To fill in this knowledge gap, we perform a genome-wide CRISPR dropout screen and integrate analyses of the multi-omics data of the CRISPR screen, genome-wide association studies, single-cell RNA-Seq, and host-virus proteins or protein/RNA interactome. This study uncovers many host factors that are currently underappreciated, including the components of V-ATPases, ESCRT, and N-glycosylation pathways that modulate viral entry and/or replication. The cohesin complex is also identified as an anti-viral pathway, suggesting an important role of three-dimensional chromatin organization in mediating host-viral interaction. Furthermore, we discover another anti-viral regulator KLF5, a transcriptional factor involved in sphingolipid metabolism, which is up-regulated, and harbors genetic variations linked to COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms. Anti-viral effects of three identified candidates (DAZAP2/VTA1/KLF5) are confirmed individually. Molecular characterization of DAZAP2/VTA1/KLF5-knockout cells highlights the involvement of genes related to the coagulation system in determining the severity of COVID-19. Together, our results provide further resources for understanding the host anti-viral network during SARS-CoV-2 infection and may help develop new countermeasure strategies.
Reprogramming biocatalytic futile cycles through computational engineering of stereochemical promiscuity to create an amine racemase
Authors: Han Sang-Woo , Jang Youngho , Kook Jihyun , Jang Jeesu , Shin Jong-Shik 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRepurposing the intrinsic properties of natural enzymes can offer a viable solution to current synthetic challenges through the development of novel biocatalytic processes. Although amino acid racemases are ubiquitous in living organisms, an amine racemase (AR) has not yet been discovered despite its synthetic potential for producing chiral amines. Here, we report the creation of an AR based on the serendipitous discovery that amine transaminases (ATAs) can perform stereoinversion of 2-aminobutane. Kinetic modeling revealed that the unexpected off-pathway activity results from stereochemically promiscuous futile cycles due to incomplete stereoselectivity for 2-aminobutane. This finding motivated us to engineer an S-selective ATA through in silico alanine scanning and empirical combinatorial mutations, creating an AR with broad substrate specificity. The resulting AR, carrying double point mutations, enables the racemization of both enantiomers of diverse chiral amines in the presence of a cognate ketone. This strategy may be generally applicable to a wide range of transaminases, paving the way for the development of new-to-nature racemases.