bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mast cell tumor destruction by deionized water
Authors: Grier Ronald L. , Di Guardo Giovanni , Schaffer Caroline B. , Pedrosa Begonia , Myers Ronald , Merkley David F. , Thouvenelle Mari 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
In a controlled study, malignant murine P815 mastocytoma cells exposed in vitro to distilled and deionized water died as a result of progressive swelling, degranulation, and membrane rupture. A 90% mean cell death occurred when cells obtained directly from culture were exposed to deionized water for 2 minutes. Of 6 cryopreserved malignant murine cell lines, which included Cloudman S91 melanoma, CMT-93 rectum carcinoma, MMT-06052 mammary carcinoma, and S-180 Sarcoma, only P815 mastocytoma and YAC-1 lymphoma were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by hypotonic shock; Cloudman S91 melanoma cells were the most resistant. Mastocytoma cells were selectively killed by hypotonic solution, and lymphoma cells were also killed by isotonic saline solution.
Local mast cell tumor (mct) recurrence and percentage survival were evaluated in 12 cats (21 mct) and 54 dogs (85 mct) subjected to surgery alone or local infiltration of deionized water as an adjunct to surgery. Of all 16 incompletely excised mct in cats, there was no local recurrence following injection. Four mast cell tumors (2 cats) regressed after being injected in situ. In dogs with clinical stage-I mct, local recurrence was detected in 50% (5/10), but with injection after incomplete excision, local mct recurrence was significantly (P < 0.05) less (6.6%, 1/15). Percentage recurrence was significantly (P < 0.05) less and survival significantly greater when incompletely excised grade-II mct were injected. Mean follow-up period after surgery in cats and dogs was 35 and 23.4 months, respectively.
Effectiveness of two commercial infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis vaccines
Authors: Smith Paul C. , Blankenship T. , Hoover T. R. , Powe  , Wright J. C. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Two commercially available infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) vaccines were evaluated for their effectiveness in protecting cattle from disease caused by experimental challenge exposure and natural transmission of Moraxella bovis infections. The study was conducted as 2 experiments, using a total of 81 cattle that were culture-negative for M bovis prior to vaccination. In each experiment, young adult cattle were randomly allotted to 4 groups. Each calf in groups 1 and 2 was vaccinated according to the vaccine manufacturer's directions. Groups 3 and 4 were unvaccinated controls. Three weeks after the last vaccination, each calf in groups 1 and 3 was experimentally challenge exposed by dropping a suspension of viable cells of a virulent strain of M bovis directly onto the corneal surface of each eye. Calves in all 4 groups were then commingled in open pastures so that calves in groups 2 and 4 could be naturally exposed to the calves with experimentally induced infections. Each calf was examined for signs of ocular disease on a regular basis by 2 experienced clinicians who scored each eye for severity of disease on the basis of a prearranged scale. Neither clinician was aware of the vaccination or exposure status of the calf nor to which experimental group they belonged. Lacrimal secretions were collected regularly to determine the number of eyes in which the virulent organism became established.
Moraxella bovis with bacterial cultural characteristics similar to those of the virulent strain placed in the eyes of groups 1 and 3 was cultured from ≥ 83% of the eyes of calves in all groups. The incidence of clinical ibk was ≥ 50% in each group. There was no significant difference in the ability of vaccinated calves to resist experimental or natural challenge infection. Compared with that in nonvaccinated controls, no decreased incidence or severity of clinical ibk was noticed in vaccinated calves. Though the challenge strain used was not homologous to those used to prepare the vaccine, it was no different than those that may be expected to cause disease under field conditions.
Lack of autologous tissue transmission of eosinophilic plaques in cats
Authors: Moriello Karen A. , Kunkle Gail , Miller Lisa M. , Crowley Ann 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Autologous tissue transmission of spontaneously developing feline eosinophilic plaques was attempted in 5 cats. Macerated tissue from the plaque was vigorously rubbed onto 2 scarified skin sites in each cat. The inoculated areas were observed daily for 30 days. During that time, no clinical or histologic evidence of transmission was found.
Caudal epidural analgesia induced by xylazine administration in cows
Authors: Jean Guy St. , Skarda Roman T. , Muir William W. , Hoffsis Glen F. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Xylazine (0.05 mg/kg of body weight diluted to a 5-ml volume, using 0.9% NaCl) or 5 ml of 0.9% NaCl was administered epidurally into the first caudal intervertebral space (Co1-Co2) in 8 cows (mean ± sd body weight, 583 ± 150 kg). Cows were observed for responses to deep needle pricking of the caudal dermatomes (S3 to Co), sedation, and ataxia. Heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, rate of ruminal contractions, coccygeal arterial blood pressure, pHa, blood gas tension (Pao2, Paco2), base excess, total solids concentration, and pcv were determined before and after xylazine administration. Epidurally administered xylazine induced sedation and selective (S3 to Co) analgesia for at least 2 hours. Mild ataxia of hind limbs was observed in 6 cows, but all cows remained standing. Heart rate, respiratory rate, rate of ruminal contractions, arterial blood pressure, Pao2, pcv, and total solids concentration were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased, and Paco2, base excess, and bicarbonate concentration were significantly (P < 0.05) increased after xylazine administration. Epidurally administered 0.9% NaCl did not alter sensory perception to needle pricking and did not affect any of the physiologic variables determined. Although epidural administration of xylazine induced analgesia and sedation in healthy cows, it should be avoided for epidural analgesia in cattle with heart disease, lung disease, and/or gastrointestinal disease because of its potent cardiopulmonary and ruminal depressant effects.
Adaptation of human oscillometric blood pressure monitors for use in dogs
Authors: Hunter James S. , McGrath Charles J. , Thatcher Craig D. , Remillard R. L. , McCain Wilfred C. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Two digital oscillometric human blood pressure measuring devices were modified and evaluated as blood pressure monitors in 12 healthy anesthetized dogs. Direct arterial pressures were measured via cannulation of the dorsal pedal artery and were correlated with indirect measurements through an inflatable cuff placed over the dorsal pedal artery below the hock joint of the contralateral limb. Direct and indirect measurements were compared for systolic, diastolic, and calculated mean arterial pressures. Blood pressure ranges between 215/145 mm of Hg and 65/30 mm of Hg were obtained, using combinations of halothane, phenylephrine, calcium, and iv administered fluids. Machine A was found to be insufficient for clinical application, on the basis of correlation coefficients between direct and indirect pressures of 0.78, 0.65, and 0.74 for systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures, respectively. Higher correlation coefficients between direct and indirect pressures (0.77, 0.87, and 0.87, respectively) were obtained with machine B. The results of the study reported here suggest machine B may be an effective blood pressure monitoring device in anesthetized dogs.
Failure of subtotal arytenoidectomy to improve upper airway flow mechanics in exercising Standardbreds with induced laryngeal hemiplegia
Authors: Belknap James K. , Derksen Frederik J. , Nickels Frank A. , Stick John A. , Robinson N. Edward 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Upper airway flow mechanics and arterial blood gas measurements were used to assess the efficacy of subtotal arytenoidectomy for treatment of induced left laryngeal hemiplegia in horses. Measurements were collected with the horses at rest, and trotting or pacing on a treadmill (6.38° incline) at speeds of 4.2 and 7.0 m/s. Experimental protocols were performed after right common carotid artery exteriorization (baseline), after left recurrent laryngeal neurectomy (lrln), and after left subtotal arytenoidectomy.
At baseline, increasing treadmill speed progressively increased peak inspiratory and expiratory flow (Vimax and Vemax respectively), peak inspiratory and expiratory transupper airway pressure (PuI and PuE, respectively), respiratory frequency (f), tidal volume (VT), minute volume (VE), and heart rate. Inspiratory and expiratory times (TI and TE, respectively) and arterial oxygen tension (Pao2) decreased with increased treadmill speed; inspiratory and expiratory impedance (ZI and ZE, respectively) did not change.
After lrln, Vimax, f, and Pao2 significantly (P < 0.05) decreased at exercise, whereas PuI, TI, and ZI significantly increased. Minute volume decreased at exercise after lrln, but the changes were not significant; lrln had no effect on Vemax PuE, ZE, heart rate, arterial carbon dioxide tension (Paco2), or VT.
Subtotal arytenoidectomy did not improve upper airway flow mechanics or blood gas measurements impaired by laryngeal hemiplegia.
Cell proliferation kinetics in the hair root matrix of dogs with healthy skin and dogs with idiopathic seborrhea
Authors: Kwochka Kenneth W. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Cell proliferation kinetic values were established for the hair root matrix of primary anagen follicles of 14 Beagles and 4 Cocker Spaniels with healthy skin and 9 Cocker Spaniels with primary idiopathic seborrhea. Indices were established by intradermal pulse labeling with tritiated thymidine, followed by cutaneous biopsy and autoradiography. The hair root matrix cell labeling index was 23.4 ± 3.5% for Beagles, 24.4 ± 4.0% for healthy Cocker Spaniels, and 24.9 ± 4.3% for seborrheic Cocker Spaniels. These values indicate a rapidly proliferating cell population. Differences among these cell kinetic data for the 3 groups of dogs were not statistically significant. Although significant cell kinetic differences have been reported for other epidermal structures (interfollicular epithelium, upper hair follicle external root sheath, sebaceous glands) in seborrheic Cocker Spaniels, proliferation of hair root matrix cells apparently remains unaffected.
Evoked potentials induced by transcranial stimulation in dogs
Authors: Kraus Karl H. , O’Brien Dennis , Pope Eric R. , Kraus Bonnie Hay 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Evoked potentials were induced by transcranial stimulation and recovered from the spinal cord, and the radial and sciatic nerves in six dogs. Stimulation was accomplished with an anode placed on the skin over the area of the motor cortex. Evoked potentials were recovered from the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord by electrodes placed transcutaneously in the ligamentum flavum. Evoked potentials were recovered from the radial and sciatic nerves by surgical exposure and electrodes placed in the perineurium. Signals from 100 repetitive stimuli were averaged and analyzed. Waveforms were analyzed for amplitude and latency. Conduction velocities were estimated from wave latencies and distance traveled. The technique allowed recovery of evoked potentials that had similar characteristics among all dogs. Conduction velocities of potentials recovered from the radial and sciatic nerves suggested stimulation of motor pathways; however, the exact origin and pathway of these waves is unknown.
Detection of capsular polysaccharide in milk cows of with natural intramammary infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Sutra Laurent , Poutrel Bernard 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Detection of capsular polysaccharide (cp) in milk of cows with natural intramammary infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus was attempted. Five quarters of 5 cows harboring S aureus strains that produce type-8 cp were selected. Using an elisa with a monoclonal antibody, type-8 cp was not detected in extracts prepared from fresh milk collected aseptically. By contrast, cp was easily detectable after incubation of infected milk at 38 C for 20 hours. Quantitation of cp in extracts from incubated milk samples by use of elisa indicated a great variation of cp expression by strains. Although an incubation step was necessary to detect cp, results of the study indicate that cp may be expressed in vivo during intramammary infection caused by S aureus.
Biochemical analysis of normal articular cartilage in horses
Authors: Vachon Anne M. , Keeley Fred W. , McIlwraith C. Wayne , Chapman Phillip 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Articular cartilage specimens from the distal articular surface of 32 radiocarpal bones from 24 2- to 5-year-old horses were analyzed. The total collagen content was determined on the basis of the 4-hydroxyproline content, using a colorimetric method. A method for estimating the proportions of types-I and -II collagen by measuring spectrophotometric densities of specific cyanogen bromide peptide bands from mixtures of types-I and -II collagen on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels was used. The cyanogen bromide peptides representative of each collagen types-I and -II were identified. The peptide ratios were then computed for each of several standards of type-I and -II mixtures. A standard curve was derived from the correlation between these ratios and the corresponding proportions of type-II collagen in standard mixtures. Galactosamine and glucosamine content (hexosamines) were measured by ion chromatography. The galactosamine-to-glucosamine ratio, chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate values, and total glycosaminoglycan content were derived from the measured hexosamine content.
The total collagen content averaged 556 mg/g (55.6 mg/100 mg) of tissue (dry weight, [dw]). Type-II collagen was the major collagen type in normal articular cartilage specimens. The ratio of the area under the αl (II)CBIO peak to the area under the αl (I)CB 7,8 + αl (II)CB11 peak was a second-order polynomial function of the proportion of type-II collagen in the specimens. The mean galactosamine and glucosamine content were 20.6 mg/g and 7.9 mg/g (dw), respectively. The mean galactosamine-to-glucosamine ratio was 3.74 ± 0.62. Chondroitin sulfate values, keratan sulfate values, and total glycosaminoglycan content were 53.3 ± 4.9 mg/g, 19.9 ± 3.6 mg/g, and 73.2 ± 7.9 mg/g (dw), respectively. There was no significant correlation between the age of the horses and any of the chemical values (P > 0.1). The biochemical composition of articular cartilage in the horse is similar to that of other species.
Purification and comparison of corticosteroid-induced and intestinal isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase in dogs
Authors: Sanecki Robin K. , Hoffmann Walter E. , Dorner Joseph L. , Kuhlenschmidt Mark S. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Corticosteroid-induced alkaline phosphatase (calp) and intestinal alkaline phosphatase (ialp) from dogs were purified to homogeneity, as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Purification involved an uninterrupted system using deae-cellulose, concanavalin Aagarose, and monoclonal antibody affinity columns. The monoclonal antibody was prepared by use of ialp as the antigen. The 2 isoenzymes were compared, using molecular weight determinations, amino acid analyses, peptide mapping, N-terminal sequencing of the first 10 amino acids, carbohydrate analyses, and recognition by anti-ialp)monoclonal antibody. The data indicated that canine ialp and (calp are identical with regard to recognition by monoclonal antibody and N-terminal amino acid sequence, nearly identical in amino acid content and peptide maps, but different in carbohydrate content. It was concluded that (calp is a product of the same gene as ialp and that differences in glycosyl transferase activities between liver and intestines or the presence of glycosidase activities in or around the intestinal mucosae result in the marked difference in carbohydrate content.
Disposition of clorazepate in dogs after single- and multiple-dose oral administration
Authors: Forrester S. Dru , Brown Scott Anthony , Lees George E. , Hartsfield Sandee M. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Clorazepate dipotassium was administered orally to 8 healthy dogs at a dosage of 2 mg/kg of body weight, q 12 h, for 21 days. Serum disposition of nordiazepam, the principle metabolite of clorazepate, was determined after the first and last dose of clorazepate. Disposition variables were analyzed by use of model-independent pharmacokinetics by the predictive equations method and the trapezoidal rule method. Complete blood counts, serum chemical analyses, and urinalyses were performed before administration of clorazepate and at 10 and 21 days after administration of clorazepate.
Maximal nordiazepam concentrations ranged from 446 to 1,542 ng/ml (814 ± 334 ng/ml), at 59 to 180 minutes (97.9 ± 42.0 minutes) after a single oral dose of clorazepate. Maximal nordiazepam concentrations ranged from 927 to 1,460 ng/ml (1,308 ± 187.6 ng/ml), at 120 to 239 minutes (153 ± 57.9 minutes) after multiple oral doses of clorazepate. Serum disposition was significantly altered after multiple doses of clorazepate. Using data determined by the predictive equations method, the mean residence time after multiple doses (712 ± 214 minutes) was longer (P < 0.05) than after a single dose (527 ± 95.8 minutes). Oral volume of distribution after multiple doses of clorazepate (1.76 ± 0.647 L/kg) was smaller (P < 0.02) than after a single dose (3.18 ± 1.52 L/kg). Oral clearance after multiple doses of clorazepate (3.09 ± 0.726 ml/min/kg) was less (P < 0.001) than after a single dose (6.54 ± 2.15 ml/min/kg). Absorption half-life after multiple doses (72 minutes) was longer (P < 0.01) than after a single dose (33 minutes). The elimination half-life after a single dose (284 minutes) was not significantly different after multiple doses (355 minutes).
Significant changes (P < 0.05) in serum chemical values after multiple doses of clorazepate included decreased concentrations of albumin, total protein, and calcium and increased concentrations of urea nitrogen and glucose. Serum activities of alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase increased after multiple doses of clorazepate. Significant changes (P < 0.05) in the hemogram included increased total wbc count, segmented neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. Urine pH after multiple doses (5.88 ± 0.641) was lower (P < 0.01) than after a single dose (7.44 ± 1.29). All changes in laboratory values remained within our reference ranges.
Mild sedation and ataxia developed in only 1 dog after the first dose of clorazepate. These effects were transient and did not redevelop with additional dosing.
An oral clorazepate dosage of 2 mg/kg, q 12 h, maintains serum nordiazepam concentrations considered to be therapeutic in human beings (500 to 1,900 ng/ml).
Immunohistochemical localization of α2-β1-glycoprotein in horses
Authors: Winder N. Christine , Pellegrini A. , von Fellenberg R. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Alpha 2-(β1-glycoprotein may be found free in horse serum or complexed with α-1-proteinase inhibitor to form pre-α2-elastase inhibitor. There has been little information published concerning α2-β1-glycoprotein and its possible tissue sources in horses. A peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique was used to identify α2-(β1 -glycoprotein in buffy coat and bone marrow neutrophils of healthy horses. Macrophages and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage samples from clinically normal horses and from horses with chronic pulmonary disease also were positive for α2-(β1-glycoprotein. Alpha 2-β1-glycoprotein was identified in some instances in normal equine hepatocytes of formalin- fixed liver sections. In formalin-fixed lung sections from horses with chronic, small-airway disease and chronic bronchointerstitial pneumonia, α2-β1-glycoprotein was observed in some airway secretions and in macrophages.
Effects of ivermectin and fenbendazole in strategic treatment of gastrointestinal nematode infections in cattle
Authors: Williams J. C. , Knox J. W. , Barras S. A. , Hawkins J. A. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Four groups of 18 beef calves each were used to evaluate effects of different treatments on parasite control and weight gains. The investigation extended from November 1986 (weaning) to October 1987. Group-1 calves were treated with ivermectin (200 μg/kg of body weight, SC) at approximately 6-week intervals for a total of 8 treatments; group-2 calves were given the same dosage of ivermectin by the same route of administration as group-1 calves in November, March, and July; group-3 calves were given fenbendazole paste (5 mg/kg, po) at the same times as group-2 calves; and group-4 calves served as untreated controls with provision for ivermectin salvage treatment. All groups grazed on individual pairs of larval-contaminated, 1.6-ha pastures. Highest (P < 0.05) initial worm counts in fall tracer calves were found in group 3 (Ostertagia ostertagi and Trichostrongylus axei adults) and group 4 (O ostertagi and Haemonchus adults). Fecal egg counts of group-1 calves were low throughout the experiment and pasture larval counts remained negligible after July. Egg counts and larval counts of other groups remained higher into summer. Worm counts, including O ostertagi inhibited early fourth-stage larvae (el4), were highest (P < 0.05) in groups-3 and -4 spring tracer calves; numbers of O ostertagi el4 were similarly high in groups 2, 3, and 4; and T axei counts were highest (P < 0.05) in groups-3 and -4 yearlings slaughtered in spring. Liveweights of group-1 calves were greater (P < 0.05) than in other groups from March 2 to October, and by July 2, group-2 calves had a liveweight advantage over group-4 calves. Group- 3 calves had the lowest rate of gain from March to July and mean liveweight of the group was less (P < 0.05) than in all other groups from April to October. Only minimal worm numbers were recovered from groups-1 or -2 calves in October. Large numbers of O ostertagi and T axei were recovered from group-4 calves and O ostertagi from group-3 calves. A few calves in groups 3 and 4, but particularly in group 4, were affected by type-II disease (chronic to acute gastritis caused by maturation and emergence of previously inhibited larvae) from August to October. Final mean liveweights in descending order were 365 kg in group 1, 328 kg in group 2, 316 kg in group and 281 kg in group 3.