bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inpatient hospital care for work‐related injuries and illnesses
Authors: Dembe Allard E. , Mastroberti Martha A. , Fox Sharon E. , Bigelow Carole , Banks Steven M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to compile nationally representative statistics describing inpatient hospital care for patients with work‐related injuries and illnesses covered under workers' compensation (WC) insurance in the United States.MethodsThree years of data (1997–1999) from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) were used to describe WC inpatient stays with respect to patient and hospital characteristics, principal diagnoses, number and type of procedures provided, total charges, length of stay, and time from admission to administering of the principal procedure.ResultsApproximately 209,139 WC hospitalizations occurred annually, representing 0.62% of all inpatient admissions. The average total charge per WC hospitalization was $14,966. After adjusting for the type of diagnosis and other factors, WC hospital care was found to involve 13–24% more procedures, have a slightly longer (4%) length of stay, and take 23–54% less time from admission to the principal procedure than inpatient care for comparable diagnoses paid by other sources. Inpatient care for disc and spinal disorders paid by WC had 16% higher charges than similar non‐WC cases. Three‐year trends showed a steady decline in the number of WC hospitalizations between 1997 and 1999 but a sharp 16% rise in total charges per WC stay.ConclusionsThis research provides an initial foundation for understanding the extent and nature of hospitalized care for injured workers in the US and identifying significant trends in the delivery of care. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:331–342, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spirometric function in non‐smoking workers exposed to aluminum
Authors: Abbate C. , Giorgianni C. , Brecciaroli R. , Tringali M.A. , D'Arrigo G. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBackgroundExposure to aluminum (Al) causes the onset of respiratory disorders. This study is aimed at providing further information on how occupational exposure to Al affects the respiratory apparatus in healthy non‐smokers, with particular attention to respiratory function.MethodsA group of 50 male shipyard workers who were exposed to Al underwent medical examination, standard chest X‐rays and spirometry in accordance with the C.E.C.A. protocol. The data were compared with those of a homogeneous group of controls, all with blood aluminum (AlB) levels below 7.5 ng/ml. Statistical analysis was performed on the following spirometric parameters: vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), maximum forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and mean forced expiratory flow during mid‐half of FVC (FEF25–75%). Environmental Al levels were also measured at the various workstations.ResultsFifty male workers with an average age 31.82 ± 5.05 years, occupational exposure of 11.81 ± 3.71 years, presented with average AlB levels of 32.64 ± 8.69 ng/ml. Environmental monitoring displayed Al levels higher than TLV TWA for all the workstations studied. None of the sample displayed significant pathological conditions. Statistical comparison of the spirometric parameters showed a decrease in the examined values in exposed workers. This decrease was found to be directly proportional to the AlB level.ConclusionThe authors conclude that Al affects respiratory function and that limit values should be reassessed. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:400–404, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Work organization and patient care staff injuries: The impact of different care models for “alternate level of care” patients
Authors: Ostry Aleck S. , Yassi A. , Ratner P.A. , Park I. , Tate R. , Kidd C. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBackgroundThe number of elderly patients who do not have acute‐care needs has increased in many North American hospitals. These alternate level care (ALC) patients are often cognitively impaired or physically dependent. The physical and psychosocial demands on caregivers may be growing with the increased presence of ALC patients leading to greater risk for injury among staff.MethodsThis prospective cohort study characterized several models for ALC care in four acute‐care hospitals in British Columbia, Canada. A cohort of 2,854 patient care staff was identified and followed for 6 months. The association between ALC model of care and type and severity of injury was examined using multinomial and ordinal logistic regression.ResultsRegression models demonstrated that the workers on ALC/medical nursing units with “high” ALC patient loads and specialized geriatric assessment units had the greatest risk for injury and the greatest risk for incurring serious injury. Among staff caring for ALC patients, those on dedicated ALC units had the least risk for injury and the least risk for incurring serious injury.ConclusionsThe way in which ALC care is organized in hospitals affects the risk and severity of injuries among patient care staff. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:392–399, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Work‐related amputations in Michigan, 1997
Authors: Stanbury Martha , Reilly Mary Jo , Rosenman Kenneth D. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBackgroundWork‐related amputations are of concern in Michigan and nationally. This study reports on 1 year of data on work‐related amputations, which were treated in Michigan hospital emergency departments (ED) or as in‐patients in Michigan.MethodsMichigan hospitals provided face sheets and discharge summaries of in‐patient and ED visits for work‐related amputations that occurred in 1997. Information was also obtained about worksite inspections associated with reported amputations from the Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Act (MIOSHA) program. Data from this study and from Michigan workers compensation were used to generate an estimate of the true numbers of work‐related amputations in Michigan in 1997.ResultsThree hundred thirty‐nine work‐related amputations were identified by hospitals. Powered saws and power presses were the leading sources of injury. MIOSHA completed 30 enforcement inspections related to these amputations. Our best estimate of the total numbers of work‐related amputations in 1997 for Michigan was 693, of which 562 resulted in hospitalization or ED treatment.ConclusionsIn‐patient and ED records provided information for identifying high risk groups and problem worksites in Michigan. Estimates generated from these data underscore that data on work‐related amputations released by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), which reported 440 amputations in 1997, are a significant undercount—only 64%—of the true number of cases. Better integration of public health data into OSHA enforcement activity is needed. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:359–367, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cognitive effects of chronic exposure to lead and solvents
Authors: Fiedler Nancy , Weisel Clifford , Lynch Richard , Kelly‐McNeil Kathie , Wedeen Richard , Jones Keith , Udasin Iris , Ohman‐Strickland Pamela , Gochfeld Michael 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBackgroundOccupational exposure to lead and solvents has declined steadily over the past 20 years, however, construction workers continue to be exposed to these neurotoxicants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cognitive effects of chronic occupational exposure to lead and solvents.MethodBased on K‐XRF of tibial bone lead and occupational history of solvent exposure, subjects were classified into four exposure groups: lead (N = 40), solvent (N = 39), lead/solvent (N = 45), and control (N = 33). All subjects completed tests to assess concentration, motor skills, memory, and mood.ResultsRelative to controls, the lead, solvent, and lead/solvent groups performed significantly more poorly on a test of verbal memory, while the lead and lead/solvent groups were slower than the solvent and control groups on a task of processing speed. Bone lead was a significant predictor of information processing speed and latency of response while solvent exposure was a significant predictor of verbal learning and memory.ConclusionsBone lead was associated with slower speed of processing while exposure to lead and/or solvents reduced efficiency of verbal learning. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:413–423, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nested case‐control study of external ionizing radiation dose and mortality from dementia within a pooled cohort of female nuclear weapons workers
Authors: Sibley Ralph F. , Moscato Beth S. , Wilkinson Gregg S. , Natarajan Nachimuthu 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBackgroundA prior investigation of this cohort of female nuclear workers found increased deaths from mental disorders, including dementia. The present study estimates the effect of workplace exposures to ionizing radiations and other hazards on mortality from dementia.MethodsA nested case‐control study within a pooled cohort of 67,976 female nuclear workers compared 91 cases of death from dementia with 910 controls. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were employed to estimate the effects of maximum annual and total lifetime radiation doses on the occurrence of dementia in 168 monitored workers.ResultsBoth maximum annual (OR = 2.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.98, 4.40) and total lifetime radiation doses (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.02, 4.29) were associated with death from dementia. Significant dose‐response trends were present for both exposures.ConclusionsOccupational exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) may be associated with increased risk of death from dementia in female workers. Since these findings are based on a small number of cases, replication with a larger case sample should be pursued. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:351–358, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthese hoch funktionalisierter Organomagnesiumreagentien durch Halogen‐Metall‐Austausch
Authors: Knochel Paul , Dohle Wolfgang , Gommermann Nina , Kneisel Florian F. , Kopp Felix , Korn Tobias , Sapountzis Ioannis , Vu Viet Anh 
Published: September 2003

AbstractMagnesiumverbindungen spielen eine zentrale Rolle in der präparativen organischen und metallorganischen Chemie. Seit kurzem ermöglicht der Halogen‐Magnesium‐Austausch den Zugang zu einer Reihe funktionalisierter Grignard‐Reagentien. Ester‐, Nitril‐, Iod‐ und Iminfunktionen und sogar Nitrogruppen können in einer breiten Reihe aromatischer und heterocyclischer Organomagnesiumverbindungen vorhanden sein. Auch hoch funktionalisierte Alkenylmagnesiumspezies können auf diese Weise generiert werden. Diese neuen Entwicklungen sowie die Anwendung von Organomagnesiumreagentien in Kreuzkupplungen und Aminierungsreaktionen werden in diesem Aufsatz eingehend beschrieben.
Synthesis and Analgesic and Anti‐inflammatory Activity of Some New (6‐Acyl‐2‐benzoxazolinone and 6‐Acyl‐2‐benzothiazolinone Derivatives with Acetic Acid and Propanoic Acid Residues
Authors: Ünlü Serdar , Önkol Tijen , Dündar Yasemin , Ökçelik Berna , Küpeli Esra , Yeşilada Erdem , Noyanalpan Ningur , Şahin M. Fethi 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn this study for developing potent analgesic and anti‐inflammatory compounds, we synthesized 6‐acyl‐2‐benzoxazolinone and 6‐acyl‐2‐benzothiazolinone derivatives with acetic acid and propanoic acid side chain, and performed preliminary screening of their in vivo analgesic and anti‐inflammatory activities at a single dose of 100 mg/kg inmice by a p‐benzoquinone‐induced writhing test and a Carrageenaninduced hind paw edema model, respectively. We also determined their gastric ulceration effects in the tested animals. Propanoic acid derivatives were generally found to have higher analgesic and anti‐inflammatory activities, and among them, 3‐(6‐benzoyl‐2‐benzothiazolinon‐3‐yl)propanoic acid (Compound 4 a) exhibited the highest analgesic and anti‐inflammatory activity. However, all compounds showed lower anti‐inflammatory effects than we observed for indomethacin at 10 mg/kg dose. Consequently, 6‐acyl‐2‐benzoxazolinone/2‐benzothiazolinones having propanoic acid side chain might lead to further studies for developing better candidates with potent analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects while acetic acid derivatives do not exhibit comparable satisfactory features.
Die Pharmazie im Dienste der Propagierung lutherischer Rechtfertigungslehre. Zur Bildaussage eines weitverbreiteten protestantischen Sinnbildmotivs
Authors: Krafft Fritz 
Published: September 2003

AbstractPharmacy serving to propagate the Lutherian doctrine of justification: ‚Christus as a pharmacist’︁ is an interconfessional, but confessionally differentiated symbolic motif (Sinnbildmotiv) of Christian folklore art in German‐speaking countries. The article investigates the sociocultural conditions and prerequisites (German bible translation, religion and confession, piety, pharmacy, chymiatry, chemistry, apothecary training and status) for transfering the old metaphor and idea of Christ as a physician to the new vision of Christ as a apothecary who prepares and dispenses his heavenly medicine all by himself. In the early 17th century (especially in the 1610's) these requirements were fulfilled, so that the oldest known witness to this motif transfer (picturing the so‐called Heilandsruf of Matthew 11, 28), a genre picture of 1619, will be the first pictural version of this motif in general. It was created by the protestant Painter Mich(a)el Herr of Nuremberg. In the abstract and reduced form of a devotional picture this motif then became widespread in churches and vicarages, in monasteries and their apothecaries as well as in private houses (with small altars: Herrgottswinkel). The oldest yet known examples are works from around 1630. For the first time during the Thirty Year's War, it served in this form for propagating the Lutherian justification doctrine (now referring to Jesaja 55, 1), saying that the belief in Christ is enough to be released from all sins (sola fide). Around 1650, as a reaction to that, a catholic version of the devotional picture was created, claiming and picturing that in contrast eucharist is the highest and real ‚healing medium’︁ of Christ to redemption. All pictures of this version avoid quoting Jesaja 55, 1, whereas all protestant pictures quote this verse from the Bible word‐for‐word.
Nur „Zweite Wahl”︁ oder Die Berufung Adolf Butenandts zum Direktor des KWI für Biochemie
Authors: Mertens Lothar 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe remarkable career of the nobel laureate Adolf Butenandt in Germany before 1945 and especially after the second world war is well known. But in recent years several publications have questioned his personal behaviour in the Third Reich. But all these articles interpreted Butenandts career and his attitude from our knowledge today about Nazi Germany. From archival sources this article will view on the situation in the 1930s and will show that Butenandt was originally not the first choice of the government for the position of director at the Kaiser‐Wilhelm‐Institute for Biochemistry. Finally it is shown, that Butenandt did knew what was going on behind the scenes, because through his close connections with officers of the Rockefeller Foundation he got several information on the selection.
Weakly Oriented Liquid‐Crystal NMR Solvents as a General Tool to Determine Relative Configurations
Authors: Aroulanda Christie , Boucard Valérie , Guibé François , Courtieu Jacques , Merlet Denis 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA new NMR method to determine the relative configuration of asymmetric centres is presented. It proceeds through the use of a weakly ordered solvent and the measurement of orientational order parameters. The method is illustrated by using dihydropyridone derivatives for which the orientations and the relative configurations of the asymmetric carbon atoms are determined unambiguously.
Progressive Studies on the Novel Samarium‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective Tandem Semipinacol Rearrangement/Tishchenko Reduction of Secondaryα‐Hydroxy Epoxides
Authors: Fan Chun‐An , Hu Xiang‐Dong , Tu Yong‐Qiang , Wang Bao‐Min , Song Zhen‐Lei 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA novel and highly diastereoselective samarium‐catalyzed tandem rearrangement/reduction of secondaryα‐hydroxy epoxides, which involves a C1 to C3 carbon migration rearrangement and a very interesting hetero‐Tishchenko reduction of the intermediate aldehyde and the reductant aldehyde, has been reported. This reaction could be developed to provide a facile and stereoselective construction of 2‐quarternary 1,3‐diol units with an hydroxymethyl moiety attached to the diastereogenic quaternary carbon center. Detailed investigations have been carried out concerning the screening of the aldehydes as a reductant, the optimization of reaction conditions, and the substrate scope of this tandem reaction. A catalytic cycle for this reaction, the electronic and steric effects of the reductant aldehydes, and the mechanism for the acyl migration of 1,3‐diol monoesters are proposed.
Enantioselective Borohydride Reduction Catalyzed by Optically Active Cobalt Complexes
Authors: Yamada Tohru , Nagata Takushi , Sugi Kiyoaki D. , Yorozu Kiyotaka , Ikeno Taketo , Ohtsuka Yuhki , Miyazaki Daichi , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe highly enantioselective borohydride reduction of aromatic ketones or imines to the corresponding alcohols was developed in the presence of a catalytic amount of an optically active cobalt(II) complex catalyst. This enantioselective reduction is carried out using a precisely premodified borohydride with alcohols such as tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, ethanol and methanol. High optical yields are obtained by choosing the appropriate alcohol as modifiers and a suitable β‐ketoiminato ligand of the catalyst. The enantioselective borohydride reduction has been successfully applied to the preparation of optically active 1,3‐diols, the stereoselective reduction of diacylferrocenes, and dynamic and/or kinetic resolution of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds.
Guest–Framework Interaction in Type I Inorganic Clathrates with Promising Thermoelectric Properties: On the Ionic versus Neutral Nature of the Alkaline‐Earth Metal Guest A in A8Ga16Ge30(A=Sr, Ba)
Authors: Gatti Carlo , Bertini Luca , Blake Nick P. , Iversen Bo B. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractPeriodic density functional calculations using pseudopotentials and a local basis set were performed on the type I clathrates A8Ga16Ge30(A=Sr, Ba). Both are known to show promising thermoelectric properties. Ab initio wave functions were analyzed within the framework of the quantum theory of atoms in molecules. This enabled us to analyze both the charge transfer and bonding properties of the clathrate from a rigorous quantum mechanical viewpoint. The Ba and Sr centers were found to be largely ionic (charge: ca. +1.7 e) both in the smaller 20‐atom and in the larger 24‐atom cages, consistent with a Zintl‐phase view of these type I clathrates. The assertion that the Sr atoms in the different cages have similar oxidation states is shown to be consistent with multiwavelength diffraction experiments on Sr8Ga16Ge30; while the assertion of ionicity of the Sr center is supported by the observation that the adsorption edge lies close to that previously found in the Sr K‐edge XANES spectra of Sr(OH)2⋅8 H2O. As such, this work contradicts previous experimental and theoretical studies that claim that the guest atoms are neutral. We show that the discrepancy is related to the definitions used for electron transfer. Definitions based on electron displacement (rearrangement) in space, as in previous works, do not account for the variation in shape and volume of the atomic catchment regions upon change in the number and average locations of the particles in the system. Eventually, such definitions lead to underestimation of charge transfer. The large binding energy found in earlier work for Ba and Sr in these materials is found to be consistent with a simple picture of charge transfer from the guest to the frame. Preliminary investigations on a clathrate of perfect stoichiometry appear to rule out any important relationship between the observed increase in the thermoelectric figure of merit with increasing external pressure and host–guest charge transfer.
Synthesis, Structure and Conformation of Partially‐Modified Retro‐ and Retro‐Inverso ψ[NHCH(CF3)]Gly Peptides
Authors: Volonterio Alessandro , Bellosta Stefano , Bravin Fabio , Bellucci Maria Cristina , Bruché Luca , Colombo Giorgio , Malpezzi Luciana , Mazzini Stefania , Meille Stefano V. , Meli Massimiliano , Ramírez de Arellano Carmen , Zanda Matteo 
Published: September 2003

AbstractPartially modified retro‐ (PMR) and retro‐inverso (PMRI) ψ[NHCH(CF3)]Gly peptides, a conceptually new class of peptidomimetics, have been synthesized in wide structural diversity and variable length by aza‐Michael reaction of enantiomerically pure α‐amino esters and peptides with enantiomerically and geometrically pure N‐4,4,4‐trifluorocrotonoyl‐oxazolidin‐2‐ones. The factors underlying the observed moderate to good diastereocontrol have been investigated. The conformations of model PMR‐ψ[NHCH(CF3)]Gly tripeptides have been studied in solution by 1H NMR spectroscopy supported by MD calculations, as well as in the solid‐state by X‐ray diffraction. Remarkable stability of turn‐like conformations, comparable to that of parent malonyl‐based retropeptides, was evidenced, as a likely consequence of two main factors: 1) severe torsional restrictions about sp3 bonds in the [CO‐CH2‐CH(CF3)‐NH‐CH(R)‐CO] module, which is biased by the stereoelectronically demanding CF3 group and the R side chain; 2) formation of nine‐membered intramolecularly hydrogen‐bonded rings, which have been clearly detected both in CHCl3 solution and in some crystal structures. The former factor seems to be more important, as turn‐like conformations were found in the solid‐state even in the absence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The relative configuration of the ‐C*H(CF3)NHC*H(R)‐ stereogenic centers has a major effect on the stability of the turn‐like conformation, which seems to require a syn stereochemistry. X‐ray diffraction and ab initio computational studies showed that the [‐CH(CF3)NH‐] group can be seen as a sort of hybrid between a peptide bond mimic and a proteolytic transition state analogue, as it combines some of the properties of a peptidyl ‐CONH‐ group (low NH basicity, CH(CF3)‐NH‐CH backbone angle close to 120°, CCF3 bond substantially isopolar with the CO) with some others of the tetrahedral intermediate [‐C(OX)(O−)NH‐] involved in the protease‐mediated hydrolysis reaction of a peptide bond (high electron density on the CF3 group, tetrahedral backbone carbon).