bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvent-Free Efficient Synthesis of New 4-Thiazolidinones with a Fructose Scaffold through a Microwave-Assisted Cascade Multicomponent Reaction
Authors: Ocampo Romina , Mandolesi Sandra , Lorenzo Fernando , Rodríguez Diego F. , Santana-Romo Fabián , Galdamez Antonio , Zacconi Flavia C. , Burrow Robert A. , D’Accorso Norma 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUsing a chemoselective, sustainable and highly efficient method, new 4-thiazolidinones and 1,4-thiazepan-3-ones substituted with a glycosidic residue derived from d-fructose were synthesized. Microwave-assisted cascade multicomponent reaction under solvent-free conditions gave very good yields in short reaction times, which was followed by a nontoxic purification method of one of the diastereomers by precipitation–centrifugation. The new purified compounds isolated as diastereomers were evaluated as factor Xa (FXa) inhibitors.
Can single-use versus standard duodenoscope improve ergonomics in ERCP? A comparative, simulation-based pilot study
Authors: Cennamo Vincenzo , Botter Alberto , Landi Stefano , Graziosi Francesca , Bassi Marco , Dabizzi Emanuele , Ghersi Stefania , Cerone Giacinto , Bonfiglioli Roberta 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and injuries (MSIs) are frequent in gastrointestinal endoscopy. The aim of this study was to assess potential ergonomic advantages of a lighter single-use duodenoscope compared with a standard reusable one for endoscopists performing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
Methods Three experienced endoscopists performed an ergonomic, preclinical, comparative protocol-guided simulation study of a single-use and a standard reusable duodenoscope using an anatomic bench model. Surface EMG signals from left forearm and arm muscles were recorded. A commercial inertial sensor-based motion capture system was applied to record body posture as well.
Results A significant lowering of root mean square amplitude and amplitude distribution of biceps brachii signal (ranging from 13% to 42%) was recorded in all the participants when using a single-use duodenoscope compared with a reusable one. An overall reduction of muscle activation amplitude and duration was also associated with the single-use duodenoscope for forearm muscles, with different behaviors among subjects. Participants spent most of the time in wrist extension (> 80%) and ulnar deviation (> 65%). A consistent pattern of functional range of motion employed for completing all procedures was observed.
Conclusions Our study showed that a lighter scope has a promising effect in reducing upper arm muscle activity during ERCP with potential benefit on musculoskeletal health in the ERCP setting.
Atherosclerotic Autoantigen ALDH4A1 as a Novel Immunological Indicator for Plaque Erosion in Patients with ST Segment Elevated Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Li Jiannan , Chen Runzhen , Zhou Jinying , Wang Ying , Zhao Xiaoxiao , Liu Chen , Zhou Peng , Chen Yi , Song Li , Li Nan , Yan Hongbing , Zhao Hanjun 
Published: December 2023

Objective Aldehyde dehydrogenase 4A1 (ALDH4A1) was recently reported to be a novel autoantigen of atherosclerosis. However, its role in different phenotypes of acute coronary syndrome remains unclear. Herein, we planned to explore the circulating and regional expression of ALDH4A1 in patients with plaque rupture (PR) and plaque erosion (PE) determined by optical coherence tomography (OCT).
Methods and Results After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a prospective series of 312 patients with ST segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI), including 161 patients with PR and 151 patients with PE determined by OCT, were enrolled for plasma ALDH4A1 testing. In addition, ALDH4A1 was quantified using immunofluorescence in aspirated coronary thrombus samples obtained from 31 patients with PR and 25 patients with PE. In addition, we established an atherosclerosis mouse model and analyzed the distribution of ALDH4A1 expression in different mouse organs. Furthermore, we compared the level of ALDH4A1 in the spleen and carotid artery between Apoe−/− and C57 mice. The results showed that the plasma level of ALDH4A1 was significantly higher in STEMI patients with PE than in those with PR (4.6 ng/mL [2.2–8.7] vs. 3.5 ng/mL [1.6–5.6] p = 0.005). The expression of ALDH4A1 in aspirated coronary thrombi was also significantly higher in patients with PE than in those with PR (mean gray value: 32.0 [23.6–40.6] vs. 16.8 [14.0–24.5], p < 0.001). In animal models, the expression of ALDH4A1 is much higher in the spleen than in other organs, and the level of ALDH4A1 is significantly elevated in the spleen and carotid artery of Apoe−/− mice compared with C57 mice.
Conclusion The high levels of ALDH4A1 in the plasma and aspirated coronary thrombi independently correlated with PE in patients with STEMI. These results suggested that ALDH4A1 is involved in the mechanism of PE and serves as a promising biomarker and treatment target for patients with PE.
Trap-integrated fluorescence detection with silicon photomultipliers for sympathetic laser cooling in a cryogenic Penning trap
Authors: Wiesinger M. , Stuhlmann F. , Bohman M. , Micke P. , Will C. , Yildiz H. , Abbass F. , Arndt B. P. , Devlin J. A. , Erlewein S. , Fleck M. , Jäger J. I. , Latacz B. M. , Schweitzer D. , Umbrazunas G. , Wursten E. , Blaum K. , Matsuda Y. , Mooser A. , Quint W. , Soter A. , Walz J. , Smorra C. , Ulmer S. 
Published: December 2023

We present a fluorescence-detection system for laser-cooled 9Be+ ions based on silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) operated at 4 K and integrated into our cryogenic 1.9 T multi-Penning-trap system. Our approach enables fluorescence detection in a hermetically sealed cryogenic Penning-trap chamber with limited optical access, where state-of-the-art detection using a telescope and photomultipliers at room temperature would be extremely difficult. We characterize the properties of the SiPM in a cryocooler at 4 K, where we measure a dark count rate below 1 s−1 and a detection efficiency of 2.5(3)%. We further discuss the design of our cryogenic fluorescence-detection trap and analyze the performance of our detection system by fluorescence spectroscopy of 9Be+ ion clouds during several runs of our sympathetic laser-cooling experiment.
Block2: A comprehensive open source framework to develop and apply state-of-the-art DMRG algorithms in electronic structure and beyond
Authors: Zhai Huanchen , Larsson Henrik R. , Lee Seunghoon , Cui Zhi-Hao , Zhu Tianyu , Sun Chong , Peng Linqing , Peng Ruojing , Liao Ke , Tölle Johannes , Yang Junjie , Li Shuoxue , Chan Garnet Kin-Lic 
Published: December 2023

block2 is an open source framework to implement and perform density matrix renormalization group and matrix product state algorithms. Out-of-the-box it supports the eigenstate, time-dependent, response, and finite-temperature algorithms. In addition, it carries special optimizations for ab initio electronic structure Hamiltonians and implements many quantum chemistry extensions to the density matrix renormalization group, such as dynamical correlation theories. The code is designed with an emphasis on flexibility, extensibility, and efficiency and to support integration with external numerical packages. Here, we explain the design principles and currently supported features and present numerical examples in a range of applications.
Vortex circular airy beams through leaky-wave antennas
Authors: Benedetti Alessio , Comite Davide , Fuscaldo Walter , Baccarelli Paolo , Galli Alessandro , Burghignoli Paolo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A novel method to design leaky-wave antennas radiating vortex cylindrical Airy beams at microwave frequencies is here presented. Two different approaches are adopted to produce waves with a nonzero orbital angular momentum (OAM): one based on a bull’s eye design excited by a uniform circular array of vertical coaxial probes with proper azimuthal phase delay, and one based on a single coaxial feeder exciting a multi-spiral radiator. Both of them take advantage of backward radial propagation of cylindrical leaky waves promoting circular Airy beams with vortex patterns. The OAM state can be changed by either varying the probe phasing or the number of spiral units. A reference profile is designed under transverse-electric and transverse-magnetic excitation independently. Numerical full-wave analysis are performed using different angular states to validate the antenna design, as well to highlight the different advantages of the two alternative design approaches.
Real-time detection and localization method for weld seam of narrow butt joint based on semantic segmentation
Authors: Chen Xinyu , Ma Qihao , He Zhuzhen , Sun Xiaoyu , Ren Yan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Structured light measurement is widely used in welding seam tracking because of its high precision and robustness. For the narrow butt joint, the positioning method by reconstructing the weld contour is not suitable for the welding of the narrow butt joint because it is difficult for the laser stripe to produce obvious deformation when projected to the weld. In this study, high-quality images with laser stripes and narrow butt joints are captured by the improved structured light vision sensor, which is equipped with an auxiliary light source. A two-step processing framework, including semantic segmentation and groove positioning, is raised to locate the feature point of the narrow butt joint. Firstly, we design the strip pooling ENet (SP-ENet), a real-time network specifically designed to accurately segment narrow weld images. Our proposed network outperforms other classical segmentation networks in terms of segmentation accuracy and proves to be highly suitable for the detection of narrow butt joint welds. Secondly, a combining method of random sample consensus (RANSAC) and iterative fitting to calculate the sub-pixel coordinates of weld feature points accurately. Finally, a trajectory smoothing model based on the Kalman filter is proposed to reduce the trajectory jitter. The above methods were tested on a self-built robotic welding experimental platform. Experimental results show that the proposed method can be used for real-time detection and positioning of narrow butt joints. The positioning trajectory is smooth, with most positioning errors less than 2 pixels. The mean tracking error reaches 0.207 mm, which can meet the practical welding requirements.
Measurement of the main neutral species densities and temperatures in iodine plasmas using optical absorption techniques
Authors: Esteves Benjamin , Blondel Christophe , Chabert Pascal , Michel Tanguy , Drag Cyril 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Iodine is a promising propellant for future plasma thrusters used in space propulsion. It is therefore important to understand the basic physics and chemistry of low-pressure iodine plasmas. In the present work, optical absorption methods are used to measure the densities of iodine molecules, I2, and iodine atoms, I, the translational temperature of the atoms and the dissociation fraction. The plasma is generated in a long quartz tube by a capacitively coupled RF discharge, and the pressure is varied between a few Pa and a few tens of Pa. The translational temperature of the atom vapour increases both with RF power and with pressure and reaches 1000 K at 50 W and 25 Pa. The molecules appear to be efficiently dissociated, with a dissociation fraction found above 65%, on average along the line-of-sight, at 120 W and 5 Pa. The population of the upper,

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, fine-structure level of the atomic ground term is found to be negligible, which confirms the existence of a high quenching rate, due to collisions with molecules and/or atoms. These measurements can be helpful for chemistry models of iodine plasmas.
Pulsed laser deposition of Sb2S3 films for phase-change tunable nanophotonics
Authors: Kepič Peter , Liška Petr , Idesová Beáta , Caha Ondřej , Ligmajer Filip , Šikola Tomáš 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Non-volatile phase-change materials with large optical contrast are essential for future tunable nanophotonic applications. Antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) has recently gained popularity in this field due to its low absorption in the visible spectral region. Although several Sb2S3 deposition techniques have been reported in the literature, none of them was optimized with respect to stoichiometry, lowest possible absorption, and large refractive index contrast (Δn) upon the phase change. Here we present a comprehensive multi-parameter optimization of pulsed laser deposition of Sb2S3 towards this end. We correlate the specific deposition with the resulting compositional and optical properties and report parameters leading to films with extraordinary qualities (Δn = 1.2 at 633 nm). Additionally, we suggest crystal orientations and vibrational modes associated with the largest change in the refractive index and propose them as useful large-scale indicators of the Sb2S3 switching contrast.
Triaxial rotor in the O(6) limit of the interacting boson model
Authors: Teng Wei , Wang Sheng-Nan , Zhang Yu , Fortunato Lorenzo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A mapping from the triaxial rotor Hamiltonian to that of the O(6) limit in the interacting boson model (IBM) is established, which is achieved by introducing the symmetry-conserving high-order interactional terms The validity of the proposed mapping scheme is further examined for the cases with γ = 0 and γ = π/6, respectively. It is shown that the rotor model results can be well reproduced in its O(6) image especially for the low-spin states. It thus provides an alternative way to understand the triaxiality in the finite-N systems and additional insight into the O(6) IBM theory.
Analysis of the self-consistency of nucleation in the diffuse interface limit of binary alloy phase field models
Authors: Mamaev Alex , Provatas Nikolas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper examines the process of nucleation in phase field (PF) models, with the aim of elucidating how the use of diffuse interfaces often employed for quantitative modelling of solidification affects nucleation rates and distribution statistics in relation to the predictions of classical nucleation theory. Nucleation is simulated through the use of noise in a quantitative binary alloy PF model using different interface widths. Our results reveal that the rate of nucleation in the PF model is found to be strongly dependent on the scale of the interface width and the numerical discretization, but that careful control of these quantities offers the possibility of a consistent interpretation of nucleation rate. The paper ends by assessing some of the practical merits of seeded versus noise-induced nucleation in PF modelling in the diffuse-interface limit, while also emphasizing how nucleation in this limit is fundamentally flawed from a quantitative perspective.
A Bayesian statistical method for large-scale MEMS-based sensors calibration: a case study on 100 digital accelerometers
Authors: Prato Andrea , Pennecchi Francesca , Genta Gianfranco , Schiavi Alessandro 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Low-cost sensors and in particular micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) devices are widely used in many applications, including consumer electronics, healthcare, automotive, and industrial automation. Their large-scale production (typically in the order of millions per week in a single factory) would require the calibration of a huge number of devices that would be costly and time-consuming. A solution can be found in the use of statistical methods in order to (at least partially) substitute for the typical calibration procedures. In this work, we propose a Bayesian method to statistically calibrate large batches of sensors using probabilistic models and prior knowledge. The method involves experimentally calibrating only a small sample of sensors, then infer the number of reliable sensors in the entire batch and assign an appropriate uncertainty to all the sensors. Therefore, it can be considered as a statistical calibration of the batch. The Bayesian nature of this approach allows reducing the number of experimental calibrations by incorporating the prior knowledge coming from the previous calibration of a ‘benchmark’ batch, which is performed ‘once and for all’ and is representative of the whole production process. The application and validation of the method are performed through the calibration of 100 digital MEMS accelerometers. Validation results showed an acceptable agreement between experimental-based bootstrap and theoretical values, with relative differences within ±7%.
Simulation study on high spatio-temporal resolution acousto-electrophysiological neuroimaging
Authors: Schoeters Ruben , Tarnaud Thomas , Martens Luc , Tanghe Emmeric 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective. Acousto-electrophysiological neuroimaging (AENI) is a technique hypothesized to record electrophysiological activity of the brain with millimeter spatial and sub-millisecond temporal resolution. This improvement is obtained by tagging areas with focused ultrasound (fUS). Due to mechanical vibration with respect to the measuring electrodes, the electrical activity of the marked region will be modulated onto the ultrasonic frequency. The region’s electrical activity can subsequently be retrieved via demodulation of the measured signal. In this study, the feasibility of this hypothesized technique is tested. Approach. This is done by calculating the forward electroencephalography response under quasi-static assumptions. The head is simplified as a set of concentric spheres. Two sizes are evaluated representing human and mouse brains. Moreover, feasibility is assessed for wet and dry transcranial, and for cortically placed electrodes. The activity sources are modeled by dipoles, with their current intensity profile drawn from a power-law power spectral density. Results. It is shown that mechanical vibration modulates the endogenous activity onto the ultrasonic frequency. The signal strength depends non-linearly on the alignment between dipole orientation, vibration direction and recording point. The strongest signal is measured when these three dependencies are perfectly aligned. The signal strengths are in the pV-range for a dipole moment of 5 nAm and ultrasonic pressures within Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-limits. The endogenous activity can then be accurately reconstructed via demodulation. Two interference types are investigated: vibrational and static. Depending on the vibrational interference, it is shown that millimeter resolution signal detection is possible also for deep brain regions. Subsequently, successful demodulation depends on the static interference, that at MHz-range has to be sub-picovolt. Significance. Our results show that mechanical vibration is a possible underlying mechanism of acousto-electrophyisological neuroimaging. This paper is a first step towards improved understanding of the conditions under which AENI is feasible.
Statistical field theory of mechanical stresses in Coulomb fluids: general covariant approach vs Noether’s theorem
Authors: Brandyshev Petr E , Budkov Yury A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a statistical field theory that describes the macroscopic mechanical forces in inhomogeneous Coulomb fluids. Our approach employs the generalization of Noether’s first theorem for the case of a fluctuating order parameter to calculate the stress tensor for Coulomb fluids. This tensor encompasses the mean-field stress tensor and fluctuation corrections derived through the one-loop approximation. The correction for fluctuations includes a term that accounts for the thermal fluctuations of the local electrostatic potential and field in the vicinity of the mean-field configuration. This correlation stress tensor determines how electrostatic correlation affects local stresses in a nonuniform Coulomb fluid. We also use a previously formulated general covariant methodology (Brandyshev and Budkov 2023 J. Chem. Phys.
158 174114) in conjunction with a functional Legendre transformation method and derive within it the same total stress tensor. We would like to emphasize that our general approaches are applicable not only to Coulomb fluids but also to nonionic simple or complex fluids, for which the field-theoretic Hamiltonian is known as a function of the relevant scalar order parameters.
Fluctuation relation in continuous-time random walks driven by an external field
Authors: Seki Kazuhiko 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We study a fluctuation relation representing a non-equilibrium equality indicating that the ratio between the distribution of trajectories obtained by exchanging the initial and final positions is characterized by free energy differences for the duration of the trajectories. We examine the fluctuation relation for noninteracting charge carriers driven by an external electric field by using a continuous-time lattice random walk model with a general waiting-time distribution of transitions. The fluctuation relation is obtained regardless of the lattice structure factor or the form of the waiting-time distribution. However, the fluctuation relation is satisfied only after taking the continuum limit in the presence of a reflecting boundary. Moreover, in free space without boundary conditions, exchanging the initial and final positions is equivalent to exchanging the field (or drift) directions. However, we show that the exchanging field (or drift) directions is not relevant for studying the fluctuation relation under the reflecting boundary condition.
Multi-objective Optimization for the Base Lattice Structure of a Small Space Sampling Return Capsule
Authors: Wang Gang , Zhou Yiming , Wang Chunjie , Ma Shengpeng , Ding Jianzhong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The space sample-return mission capsule will bear a large landing impact at the moment of landing, so the return capsule structure is required to be the lightest under the premise of ensuring the safety of equipment and sampling samples. In view of the small size, compact layout and high lightweight requirements of the space sample-return mission module, the base lattice structure made of additive materials can achieve better comprehensive performance of landing impact resistance. In this paper, design of experiments (DOE) and surrogate model are used to carry out parameter sensitivity analysis and multi-objective optimization for the base lattice structure of small return capsule landing impact for space sampling. First, the parametric model of the large base lattice of the landing impact dynamics of the return capsule was established. Then, the Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) method was used to carry out sensitivity analysis of the lattice structure parameters and identify key factors. Finally, the response surface model was constructed, and the genetic algorithm was used to optimize the lattice structure parameters. The optimal design was obtained. By comparison with the dynamics analysis model, the results of the surrogate model are basically consistent with the dynamic analysis results.