bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellular Instabilities in Spherically Expanding Hydrogen-Oxygen-Carbon Dioxide Flames
Authors: Nawaz Behlol , Nasim Md Nayer , Das Shubhra Kanti , Mack J. Hunter 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) has several properties that make it a promising alternative fuel. It is carbon-free, has a high gravimetric energy density, and can be compatible with some existing conversion technologies. However, there are several challenges in its large-scale use, such as a high flammability envelope and fundamentally different combustion properties compared with existing fuels such as natural gas. The use of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a working fluid in place of nitrogen (N2) can help mitigate some of these issues such as the laminar burning velocity (LBV). It can help mitigate the challenges to the use of H2 in an internal combustion engine (ICE), such as the flame backfiring into the intake manifold, pre-ignition from hotspots and rapid pressure rise. It is important to understand how this working fluid substitution affects other properties. One important intrinsic property of a mixture is the propensity to form wrinkles and cellular structures on the surface of spherically expanding flames, which are indicative of intrinsic instabilities. In this study, images from experiments of spherically expanding H2-O2-CO2 flames were obtained experimentally in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC); the schlieren images are processed to detect wrinkles on the flame surface and determine their length. The composition of the mixture is varied in terms of the fraction of CO2 in the mixture, as well as the oxy-combustion equivalence ratio. The experiments were conducted at an initial mixture pressure of 1 bar. It is generally observed that while all flames display wrinkles relatively quickly and further develop into cellular structures, the behavior is more pronounced at lower equivalence ratios. Furthermore, the results also indicate that mixtures with higher fractions of CO2 are more prone to instabilities.
The Development and Application of Advanced Sensor Solutions for Gaining New Insights Into Large Engines
Authors: Higgs Ansel , Rossegger Bernhard , Tilz Anton , Vareka Martin , Engelmayer Michael , Wimmer Andreas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Large engines play an important role in today’s increasingly climate focused energy and transportation sectors. New research and measurement technologies are being developed to move forward to alternative, carbon-free fuels and further increases in service life.
A selection of new technologies with potential for advancing combustion engine development will be presented in this publication. Included are a variety of telemetry systems, capable of delivering online measurement data from within the engine, including piston temperatures and (inter-ring-) pressures, connecting rod upper and lower bearing temperatures, cylinder head and liner temperatures, and spark plug electrode temperatures. Descriptions of solutions for the various sensing positions, as well as boundary conditions, mechanical considerations, and design phase iterations, will be outlined.
Finally, results of measurements on large single-cylinder engines will be used to show how these systems can provide new insights into engine processes and thus contribute to the optimization of these engines. During the course of these measurements, experiments involving alternative fuels and combustions processes were performed. The novel component stress caused by these tests was also characterized with these telemetry systems and will briefly be discussed.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
vaccines: a contemporary overview
Authors: Williams Eloise , Seib Kate L. , Fairley Christopher K. , Pollock Georgina L. , Hocking Jane S. , McCarthy James S. , Williamson Deborah A. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
infection is an important public health issue, with an annual global incidence of 87 million.
N. gonorrhoeae
infection causes significant morbidity and can have serious long-term impacts on reproductive and neonatal health and may rarely cause life-threatening disease. Global rates of
N. gonorrhoeae
infection have increased over the past 20 years. Importantly, rates of antimicrobial resistance to key antimicrobials also continue to increase, with the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identifying drug-resistant
N. gonorrhoeae
as an urgent threat to public health. This review summarizes the current evidence for
N. gonorrhoeae
vaccines, including historical clinical trials, key
N. gonorrhoeae
vaccine preclinical studies, and studies of the impact of
Neisseria meningitidis
vaccines on
N. gonorrhoeae
infection. A comprehensive survey of potential vaccine antigens, including those identified through traditional vaccine immunogenicity approaches, as well as those identified using more contemporary reverse vaccinology approaches, are also described. Finally, the potential epidemiological impacts of a
N. gonorrhoeae
vaccine and research priorities for further vaccine development are described.
Magmatic and rare Eocene to Precambrian xenocrystic zircons in Dominica reveal discrete crystallization episodes and multiple sediment sources
Authors: Frey Holli M. , Manon Matthew R.F. , Kittross Sarah , Pope Mollie D. , Brehm Sarah K. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The effects of sediment contribution to the Lesser Antilles island arc have been well explored with whole-rock trace-element chemistry and isotopic studies. To better understand the source of these sediments, we analyzed &gt;400 zircons for U-Pb ages and trace-element chemistry in eight andesitic-dacitic ignimbrites and lavas younger than 100 ka from the island of Dominica in the central Lesser Antilles arc. The overwhelming majority of the zircons analyzed were magmatic in origin, with U-Pb ages younger than 10 Ma, but predominantly younger than 300 ka. Zircon trace-element chemistry is consistent with derivation from an oceanic-island arc, and positive εHf(t) values (+5 to +15) support a juvenile depleted mantle source.
Rare Precambrian to Eocene xenocrystic zircons (36) were also found in the Dominican volcanics and record sediment dispersal from several different terranes as the Caribbean plate migrated eastward along the northern margin of South America. Although some previous detrital zircon studies in the region suggested zircons younger than 100 Ma were derived from the Great Arc of the Caribbean, the younger Dominican zircon xenocrysts (300–50 Ma) have elevated Th/Yb and U/Yb, as well as variable positive/negative εHf(t) values, inconsistent with an oceanic arc origin. These zircons in Dominica were most likely derived from the Eastern and Central Cordillera of the Andes, which experienced a flare-up in magmatism ca. 65–45 Ma. As the Great Arc of the Caribbean traversed along the South American margin, terrigenous sediments transported via river systems and turbidites accumulated in the forearc basin. Older zircons (1800–300 Ma) have a slightly different chemistry and equivocal source(s), including the Andes, northern Venezuelan coastal ranges, and/or the Guyana Shield.
In situ U-Pb dating of Jurassic dinosaur bones from Sichuan Basin, South China
Authors: Qi Liang , Hou Mingcai , Mulder Jacob A. , Cawood Peter A. , Guo Yao , Wu Shitou , Jiao Liangxuan , Zhang Xiaolin , Ouyang Hui 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Direct dating of vertebrate fossils is difficult due to complex postburial diagenetic processes and the often low and heterogeneous concentration of radioisotopes (e.g., U) in fossilized bone material. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach to dating vertebrate fossils via laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry U-Pb dating of early diagenetic calcite cements precipitated within bone cavities of a Jurassic sauropod from the Sichuan Basin, South China. Early diagenetic calcite yielded a U-Pb age of 165.3 ± 3.6/5.6 Ma, in agreement with a maximum depositional age of 165.8 ± 1.0 Ma from detrital zircon ages of the surrounding rocks, suggesting that diagenesis occurred shortly after the death of the sauropod. This new age demonstrates that the best-known Jurassic large sauropod faunas in South China are much older than those in North America and Africa, suggesting the geographical isolation of South China. Authigenic apatite U-Pb dating on the fibrolamellar bones from the same sauropod gave a distinctly younger age, indicating more complex U-Pb system behavior, possibly due to U uptake by residual organic matter and recrystallization of apatite after early diagenesis. Our findings demonstrate that U-Pb dating of calcite cements within bone cavities has significant potential for constraining the burial age of vertebrate fossils, which could aid in constructing a more robust temporal framework for the radiation and evolution of vertebrates.
Use of extracorporeal shockwave therapies for athletes and physically active individuals: a systematic review
Authors: Rhim Hye Chang , Shin Jaehyung , Kang Jane , Dyrek Paige , Crockett Zack , Galido Pearl , Wade Carrie , Hollander Karsten , Borg-Stein Joanne , Sampson Steven , Tenforde Adam S 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and investigate outcomes following the use of ESWT for athletes and physically active individuals.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesWe followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and searched four databases: PubMed (NLM), Embase (Elsevier), CINAHL Complete (EBSCO) and Web of Science (Clarivate).Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesIncluded studies were randomised controlled trials, cohort and case–control studies, cases series and reports that evaluated outcomes following ESWT for athletes, physically active individuals and occupational groups requiring regular physical activity such as military cadets.Results56 studies with 1874 athletes or physically active individuals were included. Using the Oxford level of evidence rating, included studies were 18 level I (32.1%), 3 level II (5.4%), 10 level III (17.9%), 13 level IV (23.2%) and 12 level V (21.4%). Based on the level I studies, ESWT may be effective alone in plantar fasciitis, lateral epicondylitis and proximal hamstring tendinopathy and as an adjunct to exercise treatment in medial tibial stress syndrome and osteitis pubis in athletes or physically active individuals. In most studies, athletes were allowed to continue activities and training and tolerated ESWT with minimal side effects.ConclusionESWT may offer an efficacious treatment alone or as an adjunct to concurrent exercise therapy in selected sports-related injuries and without major adverse events. Further high-level research is needed to better define the role and clinical outcomes of ESWT.
GRNmutation spectrum and genotype–phenotype correlation in Chinese dementia patients: data from PUMCH dementia cohort
Authors: Liu Caiyan , Dong Liling , Wang Jie , Li Jie , Huang Xinying , Lei Dan , Mao Chenhui , Chu Shanshan , Sha Longze , Xu Qi , Peng Bin , Cui Liying , Gao Jing 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundMethodsTheGRNmutations, especially of the loss of function type, are causative of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). However, severalGRNvariants can be found in other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease. So far, there have been over 300GRNmutations reported globally. However, the genetic spectrum and phenotypic characteristics have not been fully elucidated in Chinese population.The participants were from the dementia cohort of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (n=1945). They received history inquiry, cognitive evaluation, brain imaging and exome sequencing. The dementia subjects carrying the rare variants of theGRNwere included in this study. Those with the pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants of other dementia-related genes were excluded.Results14 subjects carried the rare variants ofGRN. They were clinically diagnosed with behavioural variant of FTD (n=2), non-fluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia (PPA, n=3), semantic variant PPA (n=1), AD (n=6) and mixed dementia (n=2). 13 rare variants ofGRNwere found, including 6 novel variants (W49X, S226G, M152I, A91E, G79E and A303S). The most prevalent symptom was amnesia (85.7%, 12/14), followed by psychiatric and behavioural disorder (78.6%, 11/14). In terms of lobar atrophy, temporal atrophy/hypometabolism was the most common (85.7%, 12/14), followed by parietal atrophy/hypometabolism (78.6%, 11/14).ConclusionThe novelGRNvariants identified in this study contribute to enrich theGRNmutation repertoire. There is phenotypic similarity and diversity among Chinese patients with theGRNmutations.
Abstract A025: Autotaxin-lysolipid signaling suppresses a CCL11- eosinophil axis to promote pancreatic cancer progression
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sohinee , Oon Chet , Sandborg Holly , Morgan Terry , Sherman Mara H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Among all cancer types, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the worst outcomes. In recent studies, metabolic and microenvironmental reprogramming in PDAC has been shown to facilitate tumor progression by promoting immune escape mechanisms, however these mechanisms are still poorly understood. Recently, our lab established that autotaxin (ATX) - lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling in PDAC enhances tumorigenicity, but the immunomodulatory function of this signal pathway remains largely unexplored. We now show that ablation of the LPA-producing enzyme autotaxin (ATX) in PDAC cells can reduce tumor burden in mice and reprogram the tumor immune microenvironment by increasing tumor eosinophil infiltration. The functional role of eosinophils in the context of PDAC is a poorly understood area. The presence of eosinophils in pancreatic cancer has been reported in a few case reports: for example, prior studies identified neutrophils and eosinophils together as a group, expressing high levels of CD66b. We confirmed the presence of eosinophils in PDAC in mice as well as patients, and we found that rare patient samples with the highest intratumoral eosinophil abundance had the longest survival rates. Genetic or pharmacologic ATX inhibition increased intratumoral eosinophils, which promote tumor cell apoptosis locally and suppress tumor progression. When eosinophils were present, primary tumor growth was modestly reduced, but metastatic spread was greatly reduced. Mechanistically, ATX suppresses eosinophil accumulation via an autocrine feedback loop wherein ATX-LPA signaling negatively regulates activity of AP-1 transcription factor c-Jun, in turn suppressing expression of potent eosinophil chemoattractant CCL11 (Eotaxin-1). This is the first study that highlights the anti-tumor potential of eosinophils in pancreatic cancer.
Citation Format: Sohinee Bhattacharyya, Chet Oon, Holly Sandborg, Terry Morgan, Mara H. Sherman. Autotaxin-lysolipid signaling suppresses a CCL11- eosinophil axis to promote pancreatic cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Pancreatic Cancer; 2023 Sep 27-30; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A025.
Abstract A034: Thermoregulation alters adipose influence of pancreatic cancer growth
Authors: Eades Austin , Bye Bailey , Walsh R. McKinnon , VanSaun Michael 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the 4th leading cause of cancer death in the United States and has an abysmal 5-year overall survival of 12%. A major risk factor for PDAC is obesity- which has increased 12% between 1999-2018 in the United States. This rise correlates with the projection that PDAC is to become the second leading cause of cancer death by 2025. Clinically, reports show obese PDAC patients have a three-month decrease in overall survival when compared to lean PDAC patients. Multiple studies have implicated obese white adipose tissue (WAT) as promoting tumor progression. Yet only one study has investigated the effects of brown adipose tissue (BAT) on PDAC, which exhibited cold-mediated BAT activation steals glucose from the tumor. Aside from potential metabolic regulation, our group discovered that cold-mediated activated BAT elicited the release of anti-tumorigenic factors. We discovered this by exposing diet-induced obese mice to a subthermal environment via a thermogenic shift (TS) from thermoneutral (TN) housing. The TS BAT-conditioned media (CM) inhibited PDAC cell proliferation (EdU) and increased apoptosis (via cleaved caspase-3). Using a cytokine array, we identified endostatin as the most upregulated molecule in TS BAT-CM compared to TN BAT-CM. Incubation of PDAC cell lines with recombinant endostatin showed increased cleaved caspase-3. A shotgun-based proteomics screen uncovered novel endostatin binding partners and signaling mediators. In conclusion, we have identified a novel anti-tumorigenic role for activated BAT that further suggests its importance in relation to PDAC progression.
Citation Format: Austin Eades, Bailey Bye, R. McKinnon Walsh, Michael VanSaun. Thermoregulation alters adipose influence of pancreatic cancer growth [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Pancreatic Cancer; 2023 Sep 27-30; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A034.
Abstract A044: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte density correlates with survival in pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma
Authors: Haldar Saurav D. , Jakubowski Christopher D. , Lim Su Jin , Wang Hao , Burkhart Richard A. , Lafaro Kelly , Burns William R. , He Jin , Laheru Daniel A. , Thompson Elizabeth D. , Azad Nilofer S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background: Pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma (PASC) is a rare and aggressive form of pancreatic cancer, representing only 1-5% of cases. Histologically, it is defined by the presence of at least 30% squamous differentiation mixed with ductal adenocarcinoma. No standard therapies or prognostic biomarkers have been validated to date in this understudied disease. Methods: All patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in the Johns Hopkins Cancer Registry from 2013 to 2018 were queried for adenosquamous histology. Archived slides of available tumor specimens were examined to quantify the percentage of squamous differentiation and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize clinical, pathologic, and molecular characteristics. Kaplan-Meier estimates and log-rank tests were used for survival analyses. Results: Among a total of 8,908 patients queried, 155 patients with adenosquamous histology were identified. Median overall survival (OS) was 14.2 months and 7.5 months for resectable and unresectable/metastatic disease, respectively. Molecular tumor testing revealed frequent somatic mutations in KRAS, TP53, and SMAD4 in addition to multiple DNA damage repair genes. The percentage of squamous differentiation and TIL density was correlated with survival outcomes in a subset of 28 patients with evaluable tumor specimens. No association between the percentage of squamous differentiation and OS was identified. Of note, compared to those with low TIL density (0-10%), patients with an intermediate/high TIL density (&gt;10%) exhibited significantly improved survival (median OS 36.3 vs 14.2 months, p = 0.011). Conclusions: For the first time, intermediate/high TIL density is associated with prolonged OS in a single-institution cohort of PASC patients. Prospective validation in larger cohorts is needed to establish prognostic biomarkers that can guide therapeutic decision-making in this lethal and under-examined disease subtype.
Citation Format: Saurav D. Haldar, Christopher D. Jakubowski, Su Jin Lim, Hao Wang, Richard A. Burkhart, Kelly Lafaro, William R. Burns III, Jin He, Daniel A. Laheru, Elizabeth D. Thompson, Nilofer S. Azad. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte density correlates with survival in pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Pancreatic Cancer; 2023 Sep 27-30; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A044.
Abstract A081: The pan-quadruplex experimental drug QN-302 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC): Potential biomarkers for clinical studies
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed , Arshad Tariq , Neidle Stephen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Quadruplexes (G4s) are formed from G-rich elements widely prevalent in the human and other genomes. They comprise repetitive G-tracts of varying length, interspersed with short general sequences, which can fold into higher-order four-stranded G4 structures under appropriate circumstances. Their prevalence is non-random, and they are over-represented in the promoter and untranslated regions of genes involved in replication and replication pathways, especially in cancer-related events and pathways. Promoter G4s have been characterised in, for example, the RAS, MYC, KIT, B-RAF, HIF, VEGF genes. The existence of stable G4 structures within duplex DNA is likely to be transient since they can be effectively unwound by helicases. However, it is now well-established that they can be stabilised by appropriate small molecules, leading to impairment of polymerase precession and transcription factor binding, and then to down-regulation of the expression of the affected gene. This therapeutic strategy has been exploited in the design of a series of potent G4-binding compounds based on the naphthalene diimide framework, culminating in the development of the compound QN-302, which has selectivity to PDAC cell lines with low nM potency. It is also active in several in vivo models of PDAC. Its transcriptional profile shows that it affects multiple G4 promoter genes and thus acts as a pan-G4 agent. QN-302 has been undergoing pre-clinical development by Qualigen Inc and in 2022 was granted Orphan Drug designation for PDAC by the FDA. It is currently being evaluated for clinical development in solid tumors including PDAC. As part of this program, several potential biomarkers are currently being considered. These in large part are suggested by the transcriptome analyses of QN-302 in cells and in vivo. They are established markers of progressive PDAC and thus may be useful for indicating the success of QN-302 therapy in humans. In addition, our orthotopic study of the effects of QN-302 on orthotopically implanted BX-PC3 tumors has indicated that circulating tumor DNA may be a useful indicator of tumor regression by QN-302.
Citation Format: Ahmed Ahmed, Tariq Arshad, Stephen Neidle. The pan-quadruplex experimental drug QN-302 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC): Potential biomarkers for clinical studies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Pancreatic Cancer; 2023 Sep 27-30; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A081.