bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interchangeability of bilateral anterior chamber depth in intraocular lens power calculation and its application in unilateral lens subluxation
Authors: Lou Wei , Chen Ziang , Huang Yang , Jin Haiying 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: To assess the interchangeability of bilateral anterior chamber depth (ACD) in intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation, and to evaluate whether using the unaffected fellow eye's ACD can enhance refractive results in unilateral lens subluxation.Methods: Axial length (AL), keratometry (K) and ACD were obtained by IOLMaster 700. In cataract surgery candidates (Group 1), the virtual implantation of the same IOL model was used. The predictive results closest to the Plano of the Kane formula, using the right eye's biometry (AL, K and ACD), served as a benchmark. The results of the corresponding IOL power were further calculated by substituting the left eye's ACD for the right eye's one and compared with the benchmark. Eyes with unilateral lens subluxation (Group 2) underwent in‐the‐bag IOL placement after the capsular hook(s) implantation, with refraction conducted at least 1 month post‐operatively. Prediction errors (PE) of the Kane formula with or without the unaffected fellow eye's ACD were compared.Results: 392 eyes of 196 patients were analysed, including 173 candidates and 23 patients with unilateral subluxated lenses. In Group 1, there was no significant difference in bilateral ACD (p = 0.30). The predictive refraction using the right eye's ACD was −0.16 ± 0.10 diopter (D), and that obtained by the left eye's one was −0.16 ± 0.11 D (p = 0.64), with an absolute difference of 0.03 ± 0.03 D. In Group 2, the ACD was 2.89 ± 0.86 mm of the affected eye and 3.14 ± 0.37 mm of the fellow eye (p = 0.17). The median absolute PE, mean absolute PE and the percentage of PEs within ±0.50 D using the affected eye's ACD were 0.50 D, 0.59 D and 52.17%. Using the unaffected eye's ACD improved the outcomes to 0.45D, 0.52 D and 60.87%.Conclusions: Bilateral ACD values are interchangeable in routine IOL power calculation, and using the unaffected fellow eye's ACD can improve its accuracy in cases of unilateral lens subluxation undergoing in‐the‐bag IOL implantation.
Difficulty of biometric images and calculation of intraocular lens in a patient with Sjogren's syndrome
Authors: Mesa Sara Mesa , Usuga Juan Cadavid , Zapata Luis 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: To report a patient with a history of Sjogren's Syndrome and several ocular surface compromise with mature cataracts and difficult intraocular lens calculation.Methods: Case report and literature review.Results: A 75‐year‐old woman with a history of primary Sjogren's syndrome for almost 10 years with a long‐standing picture of foreign body sensation in both eyes, ocular burning, red eye and marked photophobia that was not improving despite several topical managements, currently with punctal plugs and using 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose, 0.4% sodium hyaluronate preservative free and ciclosporin emulsion 0.05%. Different topical treatments were used with any recovery on her ocular surface and the patient started developing dense cataracts in both eyes with important visual loss. The biometries performed were unreliable despite taking different images because of the great difficulty to get reproducibility on the keratometry measurements and for this reason it was not possible to predict the power of the lens to be implanted, we decided to try an aphakic refraction and multiply it by a conversion factor to get the power of the lens that was described long time ago in the literature. One month post‐op, the patient had a refraction of −1.50 −1.50 × 168° (0.3 LogMAR, J1) in the left eye and −0.50 −0.25 × 145° (0.3 LogMAR, J2) in the right eye.Conclusions: We have a great limitation of information to calculate intraocular lenses in those patients who, for different reasons and despite very complete treatments, cannot reach an optimal ocular surface. There is currently no consensus on IOL calculations in severe ocular surface diseases.
Femtosecond laser iridorexis during cataract surgery
Authors: Cervantes Dayan Flores , Ramírez Emilio Dorronzoro , Haddi Inas Baoud Ould , Arias Cristina Bonnin , Sánchez Vanesa Blázquez 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Femtosecond laser‐assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) is currently the most widely used by surgeons, which is an evolution in technology compared to the phacoemulsification technique. However, the femtosecond laser may present complications such as increased intraocular pressure, incomplete fragmentation of the lens, incomplete capsulotomy, capsular tear, subconjunctival haemorrhage, among others. Its main advantages are less loss of endothelial cells, shorter phacoemulsification time, better visual and refractive prognosis, although its cost is higher. The femtosecond laser is the most commonly used technique for cataract surgery. However, it requires previous experience on the part of the surgeon, and in cases with miotic pupils, another approach is recommended.Report of Case: An 82‐year‐old woman underwent cataract surgery. Pre‐operatively, she underwent visual acuity (VA) tests with and without correction, topography, biometry, endothelial count, optical coherence tomography (OCT), intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement and fundus examination. The surgery is performed with femtosecond laser with the laser platform Femtosegundovictus® (Bausch+Lomb., Messerschmittstr, Munich, Germany). By chance, iridorexis is produced to subsequently perform the extraction of the crystalline lens with the respective IOL implantation.Discussion: Cataract surgery can present complications, one of which is iris rexis. This condition is rare and usually occurs because the pupils are too small or do not dilate well during cataract surgery, which leads to poorer management and control over the flap.Conclusions: The use of femtosecond laser during cataract surgery is a high‐precision, personalized, safe and effective treatment, although it requires previous training and experience on the part of the surgeon for the success rate to be good.
Identification of new antioxidant drugs in a human in vitro model of ageing‐associated cataract
Authors: Infantes Estefania Caballano , Moshtaghion Mehdi , Peñalver Pablo , Morales Juan Carlos , Diaz‐Corrales Francisco 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: Cataracts are a significant cause of global blindness, impacting millions (10.8 million patients), and their prevalence is expected to increase over the coming decades as our populations age. Oxidative stress disrupts ROS (reactive oxygen species) balance in lens fibre cells, leading to lens protein degradation and accumulation, developing age‐related cataracts. The lens has protective mechanisms, including high GSH levels and antioxidant enzymes like catalase, safeguarding lens health. While surgery is currently the only effective treatment, non‐invasive drug‐based approaches show potential by reducing risks and complications. With its potent antioxidant activity, resveratrol may protect lens cells and slow cataract development. However, the limited ability of resveratrol to penetrate lens tissue restricts its direct effects. Therefore, designing new molecules to improve ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) properties is required.Methods: In this study, we used an in vitro model of cataracts by inducing oxidative stress and cell death by adding hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and luperox to lens epithelial cells to evaluate the protective effects of new molecules against oxidative stress and compared them with resveratrol. Our study assessed the cell viability, intracellular ROS level, mitochondrial function, catalase activity and GSH/GSSH level.Results: These compounds preserved cell viability, reduced ROS levels, maintained mitochondrial function and enhanced catalase activity and GSH levels in lens epithelial cells exposed to H2O2. The novel drugs, CAB‐C1 and CAB‐C2, demonstrated beneficial effects on cellular health.Conclusions: Developing drugs for cataract treatment enables early intervention, particularly for individuals with mild or moderate cataracts who may not require surgery yet. Such advancements might improve patients' quality of life and have implications for ocular science and age‐related eye diseases.
Epidemiological and clinical profile of lens ectopias in children: About 126 eyes
Authors: Chahir Roukaya , Ghizlane Daghouj , Elmaaloum Loubna , Allali Bouchra , Elkettani Asmaa 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: The aim of our work is to describe the clinical, epidemiological, therapeutic and evolutionary profile of this pathology.Methods: Retrospective descriptive study of 63 children operated in the department of paediatric ophthalmology of Casablanca from January 2010 to September 2022. We studied the epidemiological, clinical, etiological, therapeutic and evolutionary elements of operated children. Lens subluxations of traumatic origin were excluded from our study.Results: The average age of the operated children was 7.5 years with a male predominance of 70%. The decrease in visual acuity observed at school was the most frequent reason for consultation, associated with family cases in 16% of cases. The bilaterality of the disease was present in all patients with a corrected visual acuity varying between hand movement and 3/10. High myopia was present in 33% of the patients. 65% of the lens was subluxated, with 2 cases of lens dislocation in the anterior chamber. The associated ocular abnormalities were aniridia (5%), cataract (14%), ocular hypertonia (2.5%) and degenerative lesions of the retinal periphery (20%). Phacophagia with anterior vitrectomy was performed in all patients, and visual rehabilitation was based on the use of aphakic glasses or contact lenses and the treatment of amblyopia has been associated. One case of implantation by implant craftsman in a 17 year old girl. The final visual acuity was superior to 5/10 in 30% of the eyes. Post‐operative complications were rare, 2 cases of retinal detachment and 2 cases of glaucoma.Conclusions: Crystalline ectopia is a progressive and serious disease requiring an urgent management. Conservative treatment is reserved for minor uncomplicated forms with a close monitoring. The discovery of a case requires an etiological investigation and family screening with regular follow‐up even after surgical treatment.
Unbalanced redox status network as an early pathological even in congenital cataracts
Authors: Bejarano Eloy , Whitcomb Elizabeth A. , Pfeiffer Rebecca L. , Rose Kristie L. , Rodríguez‐Navarro José Antonio , Ponce‐Mora Alejandro , Cantó Antolin , Almansa Inmaculada , Schey Kevin L. , Jones Bryan W. , Taylor Allen , Rowan Sheldon 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: The lens proteome undergoes dramatic composition changes during development and maturation. Defective developmental processes lead to congenital cataracts that account for about 30% of cases of childhood blindness. Gene mutations are associated with approximately 50% of early‐onset forms of lens opacity, with the remainder being of unknown aetiology. To gain a better understanding of congenital cataractogenesis, we utilized a transgenic mouse model expressing a mutant ubiquitin protein in the lens (K6W‐Ub) that recapitulates many of the early pathological changes seen in human congenital cataracts.Methods: We performed MS‐based tandem‐mass‐tag quantitative proteomics (TMT), computational molecular phenotyping (CMP), high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis in E15, P1 and P30 control or K6W‐Ub lenses.Results: TMT identified proteins that were altered during normal lens differentiation, some of which were also altered in cataractous lenses. These included proteins in glutathione and amino acid metabolic pathways. CMP revealed that glutathione and taurine were reduced spatially altered in the K6W‐Ub cataractous lens. HPLC revealed that both the ratio GSH/GSSG and taurine, two indicators of redox status, were differentially compromised in K6W‐Ub cataractous lenses.Conclusions: Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms associated with congenital cataracts and point out that unbalanced redox status due to reduced levels of taurine and glutathione, metabolites already linked to age‐related cataract, could be a major underlying mechanism behind lens opacities that appear early in life.Funding: Funding was provided by grants RYC 2018‐024434‐I, MINECO PID 2020‐119466RB‐I00, FUSP‐PPC‐19‐B53C4C64, NIH RO1EY026979 (to AT), USDA 8050‐51000‐089‐01S (to AT).
Preliminary study on developing ocular formulations for natural antioxidants to prevent long‐term complications associated with high myopia
Authors: Ta Phuong Linh , Just Lucia Bernat , Alarma Vicente Rodilla , Castellano Alicia López , Morell Francisco Bosch 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: The progression of retinal damage in high myopia (HM) has been associated with a reduction in its antioxidant capacity. α‐Lipoic acid (ALA), among other natural antioxidants, has gained important attention due to its impact on visual health1. The objective of this study is to develop ocular inserts containing ALA and to evaluate the potential ocular irritancy of ALA using the HET‐ CAM (hen's egg test‐chorioallantoic membrane) test.Methods: In the HET‐CAM test, five eggs were used under the following conditions: negative control (NaCl 0.9%), positive control (NaOH 0.1%), low concentration (0.01 M ALA), medium concentration (0.1 M) and high concentration (0.2 M). Bleeding, vascular lysis and coagulation were assessed for 300 s to calculate the Irritation Index (IS)2. For each ocular formulation, 5 mg of ALA was dissolved in phosphate‐buffered saline solution (PBS) with a pH 7.4. Different proportions of selected polymers (HPMC, PVP, HA and PG as an adjuvant) were homogenized and placed into a Petri dish, dried overnight and cut into 1 cm2 inserts.Results: The HET‐CAM measurement demonstrated the absence of haemorrhage, coagulation and lysis in the three tested concentrations of ALA. The IS score falls within the range of 0–0.9, classifying it as non‐irritant. In parallel, four ocular formulations containing 5 mg of ALA were prepared as follows: F1‐ PVP 10%; F2‐ PVP 2.5% and HPMC 1%; F3‐ PVP 2.5% and HA 1%; F4‐ PVP 1%, HA 1% and HPMC 1%. It was shown that F2 and F3 had preferred organoleptic characteristics.Conclusions: ALA was a non‐irritant and probably suitable for ocular administration as an antioxidant. Further research will be conducted to assess the efficacy of the ophthalmic inserts. However, preliminary findings suggest that these inserts hold promise as a potential formulation to delay the long‐term progression of high myopia.References1. Salehi B. et al. Insights on the use of α‐lipoic acid for therapeutic purposes. Biomolecules. 2019;9(8):1–25.2. de Araujo Lowndes Viera, L. M., et al. Comparison of the different protocols of the Hen's Egg Test‐Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET‐CAM) by evaluating the eye irritation potential of surfactants. Toxicol In Vitro. 2022; 78, 105255.
Extracellular vesicles mirror the beneficial effect of wild olive (acebuche) oil in hypertensive‐like retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Santana‐Garrido Álvaro , Goya Claudia Reyes , Espinosa‐Martín Pablo , Andre Helder , Vázquez Carmen María , Mate Alfonso 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: Arterial hypertension (AH) leads to oxidative and inflammatory imbalance triggering hypertensive organ damage via different pathways. Oil extracted from the wild olive tree (acebuche, ACE) has previously shown antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties against hypertensive ocular damage when regularly consumed in the diet1,2. We therefore speculate that circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from ACE oil‐fed animals might play a role in modulating pathological mechanisms surrounding AH‐related ocular diseases, including oxidative stress, migration and angiogenesis processes.Methods: Retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE‐19) cells mimicking a hypertensive phenotype induced by incubation with angiotensin II (AngII) were treated with EVs obtained from mice fed ACE oil or a reference extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). The 2′,7′dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFHDA) assay was used to estimate intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, kinetic parameters for L‐arginine (L‐Arg) transport and the expression of L‐Arg transporter (CAT‐1) were also analysed. The wound‐healing assay was used to determine the anti‐migratory properties of ACE oil‐derived EVs, and the ability of EVs to modulate angiogenesis was assessed in aortic rings.Results: Both ACE oil‐ and EVOO‐related EVs were able to reduce ROS production in ARPE‐19 cells. The normalization of intracellular redox status by EVs might be exerted through modulation of L‐Arg uptake and CAT‐1 expression. Anti‐migratory and anti‐angiogenesis properties were also displayed by oil‐derived EVs, suggesting their potential benefit in the setting of neovascular ocular diseases.Conclusions: This is the first report to highlight the retinoprotective effects of EVs isolated from the plasma of animals subjected to ACE oil‐ and EVOO‐enriched diets against pathological events related to ocular diseases.References1. Santana‐Garrido Á et al. Antioxidants. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox90908852. Santana‐Garrido Á et al. Foods. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10091993
Retinal neurotoxicity induced by inhalation of isopropyl nitrite
Authors: Rivera Víctor David Ayala 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: Popper is a slang term given broadly to drugs of the chemical class called alkyl nitrites that are inhaled. Most widely sold products include the original isopropyl nitrite (IPN) a mix of isopropyl alcohol with nitrous acid and sulphuric acid. Multiple cases of retinopathy have been reported since 2001 that have been associated with the inhalation of poppers, predominantly in Europe. However, no clear information about the effect of these inhalant agents on retinal cells have been shown to date. Our work tries to address the neurotoxic effect of IPN on outer retinal cells evidenced by immunocytochemical technique on murine model.Methods: 8 Opn4‐KO mice were used, n:4 were treated with IPN using a aero chamber inhalator for 20 days (1 mL/5 s) and n:4 with oxygen (ctrl group). CARR antibody was used, encoded by the Arr3 gene in murine species. All the animals were supplied by the Animal Experimentation Center of the UAH. The euthanasia of the animals was carried out in accordance with RD 53/2013 Spanish regulations.Results: The sagittal sections of the Opn4 mouse retina taken with confocal microscopy at 40×, the expression of arrestin‐C can be observed, predominantly in the internal and external segments of the cones without disruption, the presence of CARR confirms the presence of cells of retinal cone in our CARR cuts (Cy5, red), The exposure parameters of the samples and image capture in the confocal microscope were taken based on the immunoreactivity in the Opn4 animal model, remaining stable for the rest of the photos. Labelling at the level of the outer plexiform layer is equally intense in Opn4 Ctrl and Opn4 to animals.Conclusions: The results failed to demonstrate morphological changes of clinical importance that could determine a neurotoxic role in the retina of IPN inhalation; however, we propose the existence of other factors and/or pharmacological interactions with the use of poppers in the aetiopathogenesis of this new ophthalmological disease.
Retinal oxygen extraction and hyperemic response in patients with Type II diabetes at different stages of non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Lindner Theresa , Hommer Nikolaus , Schmidl Doreen , Kallab Martin , Schlatter Andreas , Howorka Kinga , Werkmeister René M. , Schmetterer Leopold , Garhöfer Gerhard 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a worldwide cause of irreversible vision loss. Vascular factors such as reduced oxygen supply and impaired neurovascular coupling play a major role in the development of DR. We therefore investigated retinal oxygen metabolism and functional hyperemia in patients with Type II diabetes at different stages of non‐proliferative DR and healthy controls.Methods: To study retinal oxygen metabolism, a total of 67 patients with Type II diabetes (34 patients with no, 15 with mild and 18 with moderate‐to‐severe DR) and 20 healthy controls were recruited. We used the oxygen module of a Retinal Vessel Analyzer to measure retinal oxygen saturation in arteries and veins, and a custom‐built Doppler optical coherence tomography (DOCT) system to assess total retinal blood flow (TRBF). Values of retinal oxygen saturation and TRBF were then used to calculate retinal oxygen extraction. To measure the hyperaemic response, 29 patients with no, 12 with mild, 15 with moderate‐to‐severe DR and 20 healthy controls were included. Retinal blood flow was assessed before and during visual stimulation by combined measurement of retinal vessel calibres and blood velocity using the Dynamic Vessel Analyzer (Imedos, Germany) and DOCT.Results: Retinal oxygen extraction was lowest in patients with moderate‐to‐severe DR (1.78 ± 0.57 μL O2/min, p = 0.040 vs. healthy controls), followed by mild DR (1.90 ± 0.77 μL O2/min), no DR (2.14 ± 0.6 μL O2/min) and healthy controls (2.24 ± 0.57 μL O2/min). Compared to healthy controls (40.4 ± 27.2%), flicker responses were significantly decreased in patients with DR depending on the stage of DR (no DR 37.7 ± 26.0%, mild DR 26.2 ± 28.2%, moderate‐to‐severe DR 22.3 ± 13.9%; p = 0.035, ANOVA).Conclusions: Our results indicate that retinal oxygen extraction as well as hyperaemic response decreases with increasing severity of DR. Further studies are needed to assess whether these retinal functional changes can be used to identify high‐risk patients.