bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prototypical analysis of adolescent psychopathy: investigating the juvenile justice perspective
Authors: Cruise Keith R. , Colwell Lori H. , Lyons Phillip M. , Baker Michael D. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe past ten years have seen a dramatic increase in the empirical investigation of psychopathic characteristics in children and adolescents. In general, the focus of this research has been on the validation of assessment instruments to evaluate psychopathy as well as concurrent and predictive validity. Little attention has been directed toward elucidating the core characteristics of this construct. The current study expands on previous research by asking juvenile justice personnel (424 juvenile detention and probation officers) to identify the core characteristics of the construct via prototypical analysis for both male and female adolescents. Results of separate factor analyses by gender revealed five identifiable dimensions: juvenile delinquency, serious/violent conduct problems, narcissistic/manipulation of others, impulsivity/acting out, and family problems. The results suggest that juvenile justice personnel focus on a wide range of behavioral indicators as indicative of adolescent psychopathy in addition to affective and interpersonal characteristics typically viewed as crucial to the construct by clinicians. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The 4 year stability of psychopathic traits in non‐referred youth
Authors: Frick Paul J. , Kimonis Eva R. , Dandreaux Danielle M. , Farell Jamie M. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractOne significant limitation in research extending the construct of psychopathy to youth has been the absence of longitudinal studies testing the stability of psychopathic traits prior to adulthood. To begin to address this limitation, the current study estimated the stability of psychopathic traits over a 4 year period in a sample of non‐referred children in the third, fourth, sixth, and seventh grades at the first assessment. For parent ratings of psychopathic traits, stability estimates using intra‐class correlation coefficients ranged from 0.80 to 0.88 across 2–4 years, with a stability estimate of 0.93 across all four assessments. There were also distinct trends in the patterns of stability found in the sample. Specifically, children rated as being initially high on these traits were more likely to be rated lower at later assessments than was the case for children rated initially low on these traits. Finally, the child's level of conduct problems, the socioeconomic status of the child's family, and the quality of parenting the child received were the most consistent predictors of stability of psychopathic traits. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amputation through the hip joint during the pre‐anaesthetic era
Authors: Kaufman M.H. , Wakelin S.J. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractEven to the present day, hip disarticulation is one of the most radical orthopaedic operations. First carried out on the Continent in 1774 and in Britain in 1779, this procedure was only deemed necessary in circumstances where death was otherwise inevitable. George James Guthrie claimed to have undertaken the first amputation through the hip joint in which the patient survived. We describe some of these cases from the pre‐anaesthetic surgical literature in which amputation through the hip joint was undertaken, and we comment on the surgical techniques used. This information is complemented by the views of certain authorities on this procedure. Many surgeons during the first half of the 19th century, including Guthrie, sought alternative surgical operations to hip joint disarticulation. The removal of the head and neck of the femur was far less traumatic than disarticulation through the hip joint, and proved an extremely effective alternative procedure for lesions involving the proximal part of the femur where there was any possibility that the limb could be saved. Clin. Anat. 17:36–44, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radial nerve in the radial tunnel: Anatomic sites of entrapment neuropathy
Authors: Konjengbam Mrinalini , Elangbam James 
Published: December 2003

AbstractCommon anatomical structures that can lead to radial nerve entrapment in the radial tunnel (radial tunnel syndrome) were studied in 46 embalmed cadaveric upper limbs. After dissecting the radial tunnel, we investigated: the radial nerve and its division into superficial and deep (DBRN) branches; the course of the DBRN in relation to the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) muscle; the presence of fat; fibrous adhesions between the anterior radiohumeral joint capsule and the DBRN; the nature of the superomedial margin of the ECRB; vascular arcades of the radial recurrent vessels; and the superior and inferior borders of the superficial layer of the supinator muscle. The locations of some of these structures were measured in reference to two fixed points: the radiohumeral joint line and a line joining the tips of medial and lateral epicondyles of humerus. Near the radiohumeral joint, fibrous adhesions were observed between the DBRN and underlying capsule in 23/46 (50%) cases; vascular arcades of the radial recurrent vessels were found in 33/46 (72%) cases; the superomedial margin of the ECRB was tendinous in 36/46 (78%) instances; the superior border of the superficial layer of the supinator muscle was noted to be tendinous (arcade of Frohse) in 40/46 (87%) specimens, and the inferior border of the superficial layer of the supinator muscle was tendinous in 30/46 (65%) cases. These anatomical features in the radial tunnel are significant enough to lead to entrapment neuropathy of the radial nerve. Anat. Clin. Anat. 17:21–25, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lipid peroxidation, vitamins C, E and reduced glutathione levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Vijayamalini M. , Manoharan S. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe present study examined the relationship between lipid peroxidation and vitamin C, vitamin E and reduced glutathione levels in plasma, erythrocytes and erythrocyte membranes of pulmonary tuberculosis patients and an equal number of age‐and sex‐matched healthy subjects. Enhanced plasma, erythrocytes and erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation with concomitant decline in vitamin C, vitamin E and reduced glutathione levels were found in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The elevated lipid peroxidation and decreased vitamin C, vitamin E and reduced glutathione levels indicate the potential of oxidative damage to erythrocytes and erythrocyte membranes of pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Free amino acids mimic the anabolic but not the proliferative effect of albumin in OK proximal tubular cells
Authors: Arici Mustafa , Brown Jeremy , Walls John , Bevington Alan 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWhen plasma proteins leak from circulation into the renal tubular lumen in the proteinuric renal diseases, nephrotoxicity of filtered albumin (and/or molecules bound to it) may be important in the subsequent development of tubulo‐interstitial damage which contributes to the progression of the disease. When cultured opossum kidney (OK) proximal tubular cells were exposed to bovine serum albumin for 3 days in vitro, increased cell division ([3H]‐thymidine incorporation) and cellular hypertrophy (increased protein/DNA ratio) were observed. Both effects were halved if defatted albumin was used. A trivial explanation for the growth responses is that free fatty acids carried on the albumin, and amino acids generated by intracellular degradation of the albumin, are exerting a non‐specific growth effect as metabolic fuels which are oxidized to generate ATP. However, the water‐soluble free fatty acid octanoate (1 mmol l−1) had no significant effect on protein/DNA ratio and a very variable stimulatory effect on [3H]‐thymidine incorporation, whereas an essential amino acid mixture or 1 mmol/l−1 l‐Ala or l‐Phe only increased the protein/DNA ratio. Furthermore no carnitine was added to the culture medium. This absence would have impaired mitochondrial transport (and hence oxidation) of long‐chain free fatty acids derived from the albumin. l‐Phe is also a poor substrate for mitochondrial oxidation in kidney. It is therefore concluded that the growth effects of albumin in OK proximal tubular cells are specific effects of the albumin protein and of the free fatty acids and amino acids derived from it, and not a non‐specific effect on metabolic fuel supply. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liver denervation affects hepatocyte mitochondrial fatty acid transport capacity
Authors: Carreño Flávia R. , Seelaender Marília C. L. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe effect of liver denervation on the activity of hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) system, which catalyses the transfer of long‐chain fatty acids into the mitochondria, was studied in rats. Noradrenaline content in phenol‐denervated liver (D) was reduced by 87%. CPT I and II activities (measured by radioassay after detergent separation of the enzymes) were decreased (p < 0.001) in D (2.6 ± 0.1 and 0.68 ± 0.2 nmol min−1 mg−1 protein, respectively) as compared with controls (4.7 ± 0.3 and 2.5 ± 0.2 nmol min−1 mg−1 protein, for CPT I and II, respectively). A less intense immunoreactive band for denervated liver CPT II was obtained after Western blotting. Concomitantly, long‐chain fatty acid incorporation (p < 0.001), evaluated after administration of [14C]‐oleate and total fat content (p < 0.001) were increased in D in relation to controls, while incorporation of exogenous [14C]‐oleate into secreted VLDL, was decreased (p < 0.01). The effect of sympathetic denervation on CPT activity was different from that evoked by adrenodemedullation, which caused an augmentation of CPT activity (p < 0.01), when compared with the liver of intact rats. The effects of denervation and adrenodemedullation on the other parameters of lipid metabolism studied, were similar. The results strongly suggest a role of liver sympathetic innervation in the regulation of liver lipid metabolism. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NBD‐cholesterol incorporation by rat macrophages and lymphocytes: a process dependent on the activation state of the cells
Authors: Portioli Silva Érica P. , Peres Carmem M. , Roberto Mendonça José , Curi Rui 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe time‐course of incorporation of NBD‐cholesterol by macrophages (Ma) and lymphocytes (LY) obtained from untreated and thioglycollate‐injected (thio) rats was investigated. NBD‐cholesterol incorporation was also examined in Ma obtained from untreated rats and stimulated in vitro by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phorbol‐myristate acetate (PMA). The same measurement was performed in LY from untreated rats stimulated by addition of LPS and concanavalin A (Con A) into the culture medium. Thio‐treated Ma showed high fluorescence intensity after 1 h of incubation with NBD‐cholesterol. Ma submitted concomitant to LPS and NBD‐cholesterol showed low fluorescence intensity, as well as Ma stimulated with PMA. Ma from untreated and LPS pre‐treated rats showed a similar time‐course of incorporation. LY from thio‐treated rats showed lower incorporation of NBD‐cholesterol in comparison to LY from untreated rats. Incorporation was reduced when LPS was added concomitantly with NBD‐cholesterol. On the other hand, LY pre‐treated with LPS for 48 h showed a very high incorporation of NBD‐cholesterol. Con A treatment did not cause a significant effect on NBD‐cholesterol incorporation. The findings presented herein led us to conclude that the uptake of NBD‐cholesterol by Ma and LY is markedly affected by the activation state of the cells. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The mediating role of cPLA2 in IL‐1 β and IL‐6 release in LPS‐induced HeLa cells
Authors: Wang X. H. , Yan G. T. , Wang L. H. , Hao X. H. , Zhang K. , Xue H. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractStudies were conducted to characterize a HeLa cell model by which the roles of the 85‐kDa phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) in interleukin‐1 β (IL‐1 β) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) release could be evaluated. At first, untreated HeLa cells were compared with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐treated HeLa cells. The latter resulted in cPLA2 overexpression and an increased trend of IL‐1 β and IL‐6 release. The indicated doses of 85‐kDa cPLA2 antisense oligonucleotide directed against the initiation site were then used to block cPLA2 in LPS‐induced HeLa cells. The process led to a dose‐dependent decrease in cPLA2 protein with no noticeable change of cPLA2 mRNA. Compared with that of LPS added only, a reduction of IL‐1 β and IL‐6 levels in the supernatants of transfected cells following the repression of cPLA2 was observed. These results suggested that 85‐kDa cPLA2 may mediate the signalling cascades by which IL‐1 β and IL‐6 were released in LPS‐induced HeLa cells. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxic action of etoposide on mouse peritoneal macrophages and its modulation by interleukin 3
Authors: Olmos Gemma , Lotero L. Alfredo , Herráez Angel , Diez José C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn the present work, we have studied the toxic action of etoposide on mouse peritoneal macrophages. First, we have determined the induction of DNA fragmentation by this antitumour compound. To study the possible influence of interleukin 3 on the effects of etoposide on mouse macrophages, we studied intracellular protein phosphorylation induced by interleukin 3. After incubation of the cells in the presence of interleukin 3, increased phosphorylation levels of proteins of estimated molecular weights of around 29 000, 34 000, 50 000 and 61 000 daltons were observed. We have also investigated a possible influence of interleukin 3 on DNA degradation induced by etoposide. The changes of Bax levels induced by etoposide that we have observed seemed to be modulated by this cytokine. From these results, a possible role of interleukin 3 can be suggested in the attenuation of some toxic effects produced by etoposide in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Thus, a therapeutic application of interleukin 3 on antitumour treatments in cells from the mononuclear phagocytic system might be proposed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasma lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kamanlı Ayhan , Nazıroğlu Mustafa , Aydılek Nurettın , Hacıevlıyagil Cengiz 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn recent years, a great number of studies have investigated the possible role of reactive oxygen species in the aetiology and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to investigate plasma concentrations of vitamin E, beta‐carotene, activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and catalase, levels of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in 36 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 22 healthy age‐matched controls. The plasma activity of GSH‐Px and catalase (p < 0.001), levels of GSH (p < 0.01), concentration of beta‐carotene (p < 0.05) and vitamin E (p < 0.001), haemoglobin and hematocrit (p < 0.05) were significantly lower in patients with RA than in controls. The MDA levels (p < 0.01), C reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, anti‐streptolysin‐o values (p < 0.001), platelet count (p < 0.05) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p < 0.001) were higher in the patient group than in the control group. These results provide some evidence for a potential role of increased lipid peroxidation and decreased enzymic and non‐enzymic antioxidants in RA by its inflammatory character. These results suggested that oxidant stress plays a very important role in the pathogenesis of RA. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potent hypolipidemic activity of mimetic amides of fibrates based on the 2‐methoxy‐4‐(2‐propenyl)phenoxyacetic scaffold
Authors: Hernández Dolores , Bernal Pablo , Cruz Adriana , Garciafigueroa Yesica , Garduño Leticia , Salazar María , Díaz Francisco , Chamorro Germán , Tamariz Joaquín 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA series of bioisosteric analogues of fibrates, such as clofibrate (2) and bezafibrate (3), was designed, considering the pharmacophore potential of phenoxyacetic derivatives 4 related to α‐asarone (1) in their structure. Thus, the hypolipidemic activity of the series of amides 5a‐5j, 6a‐6d, and 7a‐7c, amines 8b‐8d, and amino acids 9a‐9e has been evaluated. A significant decrease in serum cholesterol was observed in mice for a number of these compounds. Some of them also showed a lowering of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and a few had an effect on increasing the high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and on reducing the triglyceride serum contents. Phenoxyacetic, phenoxyethyl‐amido and ‐amino moieties, as well as the presence of a chlorine atom in their aromatic rings, were identified as potential pharmacophores. Unexpectedly, derivatives 9a‐9e, bearing an amino acid group, did not exhibit any hypolipidemic activity under a similar pharmacological protocol. Drug Dev. Res. 61:19–36, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Knock‐in American options
Authors: Dai Min , Kwok Yue Kuen 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA knock‐in American option under a trigger clause is an option contract in which the option holder receives an American option conditional
on the underlying stock price breaching a certain trigger level (also called barrier level). We present analytic valuation formulas for
knock‐in American options under the Black‐Scholes pricing framework. The price formulas possess different analytic representations,
depending on the relation between the trigger stock price level and the critical stock price of the underlying American option. We also performed
numerical valuation of several knock‐in American options to illustrate the efficacy of the price formulas. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Jrl Fut Mark 24:179–192, 2004
Intracellular pH regulation in isolated hepatopancreas cells from the roman snail (Helix pomatia)
Authors: Manzl Claudia , Krumschnabel Gerhard , Schwarzbaum Pablo J. , Chabicovsky Monika , Dallinger Reinhard 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe mechanisms of intracellular pH (pHi) regulation were studied in isolated hepatopancreas cells from the Roman snail, Helix pomatia. The relationship between intracellular and extracellular pH indicated that pHi is actively regulated in these cells. At least three pHi‐regulatory ion transporters were found to be present in these cells and to be responsible for the maintenance of pHi: an amiloride‐sensitive Na+/H+ exchanger, a 4–acetamido–4'–isothiocyanostilbene–2,2'disulfonic acid (SITS)‐sensitive, presumably Na+‐dependent, Cl−/HCO3− exchanger, and a bafilomycin‐sensitive H+‐pump. Inhibition of one of these transporters alone did not affect steady state pHi, whereas incubation with amiloride and SITS in combination resulted in a significant intracellular acidification. Following the induction of intracellular acidosis by addition of the weak acid Na+propionate, the Na+/H+ exchanger was immediately activated leading to a rapid recovery of pHi towards the baseline level. Both the SITS‐sensitive mechanism and the H+‐pump responded more slowly, but were of similar importance for pHi recovery. Measurement of pHi recovery from acidification in the three discernible types of hepatopancreas cells with a video fluorescence image system revealed slightly differing response patterns, the physiological significance of which remains to be determined. J. Exp. Zool. 301A:75–84, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ion transport in the intestine of Gobius niger in both isotonic and hypotonic conditions
Authors: Trischitta Francesca , Denaro Maria Gabriella , Faggio Caterina 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIon transport in the intestine of Gobius niger, a euryhaline teleost, was studied in both isotonic and hypotonic conditions. Isolated tissues, mounted in Ussing chambers and bilaterally perfused with isotonic Ringer solution, developed a serosa negative transepithelial voltage and a short circuit current indicating a net negative current in absorptive direction. Bilateral removal of Cl− and Na+ from the bathing solutions as well as the luminal removal of K+ in the presence of Ba2+(10−3 M) almost abolished both Vt and Isc. Similar results were obtained by adding bumetanide (10−5M) to the luminal bath while other inhibitors of Cl− transport mechanisms were ineffective. These observations suggest that salt absorption begins with a coupled entry of Na+, Cl−, and K+ across the apical membrane; a Ba2+inhibitable K+ conductance, demonstrated also by micropuncture experiments, recycles the ion into the lumen. Salt entry into the cell is driven by the operation of the basolateral Na+/K+‐ATPase since serosal ouabain (10−4M) completely abolished both Vt and Isc; this pump also completes the Na+ absorption. The inhibitory effect of both serosal bumetanide (10−4M) and SITS (5˙10−4M) suggests that Cl− would leave the cell via the KCl cotransport, the Cl/HCO3−antiport and/or conductive pathways. Bilateral exposure of tissues to hypotonic media produced a reduction of both the transepithelial voltage and the short circuit current probably due to the activation of homeostatic ionic fluxes involved in cell volume regulation. The results of experiments with both isolated enterocytes and intestine exposed to hypotonic solution suggested that the recovery of cell volume, after the initial cell swelling, involves a parallel opening of K+ and Cl− channels to facilitate net solute and water effluxes from the cell. J. Exp. Zool. 301A:49–62, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Active uptake and transport of protein by the intestinal epithelial cells in embryo of viviparous fish, Neoditrema ransonneti (Perciformes: Embiotocidae)
Authors: Nakamura Osamu , Tazumi Yoshimitsu , Muro Tomoaki , Yasuhara Youichi , Watanabe Tasuku 
Published: December 2003

AbstractNeoditrema ransonneti is a matrotrophic viviparous fish. To clarify the site and process of protein uptake in the fetus of N. ransonneti, rabbit IgG and equine ferritin were administered into the ovarian cavity of pregnant females. Both proteins were absorbed by epithelial cells of hypertrophied intestine within 2h. Rabbit IgG appeared to be concentrated in large cytoplasmic vacuoles of which diameter sometimes reached more than 2µm. On the other hand, electron microscopy showed that ferritin was transported as middle‐sized granules (smaller than 1µm) and not accumulated in large vacuoles. The granules were transported through intra‐ and inter‐cellular pathways and released into submucosal spaces. Furthermore, a number of fine granules of ferritin were seen in the lumen of intravillus capillaries. Western blotting showed that absorbed the rabbit IgG reached the circulating blood intact. These findings suggest that fetuses of N. ransonneti actively absorb maternally supplied proteins via enterocytes, and exploit them not only as nutrients but also as physiologically active molecules. J. Exp. Zool. 301A:38–48, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.