bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirical Determination of the Manufacturing Processes Which Affect EFP Liner Performance
Authors: Faccini EC , Woodbury HA 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper addresses a recent test series in which an L-8 Taguchi array was used to investigate the effect of various manufacturing factors on the formation of a high-performance aerostable flared explosively formed penetrator (EFP) and its subsequent effect on target. The purpose of the experiment was to develop a method of manufacturing liner blanks that would reduce variances in EFP performance. The factors investigated were: 1. Initial anneal of the material 2. Amount of work in the material prior to the initial anneal 3. Amount of material removed from the diameter of the material prior to forging 4. Forging temperature 5. Forging rate 6. Liner annealing temperature 7. Material lot number
The analysis was done using 14 quality characteristics. These were: 1. EFP rod length 2. EFP necking ratio 3. Orthogonality of the flare to the rod 4. Circularity of the EFP flare 5. Sweep angle of the flare with respect to the rod 6. Flight angle 7. Entry hole diameter 8. Throat hole diameter 9. Exit hole diameter 10. Spall diameter 11. Spall volume 12. Impact accuracy 13. Overall shape (beauty) of the EFP 14. Variability between duplicates
The analysis was done as a blind experiment in that the persons who were ranking the individual trials were not told what the factor levels were for the individual trial. The results of the rankings were combined and a process was chosen. This process was then used to form the verification units that confirmed the experimental results.
Introduction to Engineering Materials: Behavior, Properties, and Selection
Authors: Riga AT , Scott CG 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This text includes the best of many worlds: a quality introduction to materials engineering and selection, and up-to-date comparisons of material properties. The theme of this book is comparative properties. The 13 chapters and many case studies are rooted in clear and concise presentations of four major classes of materials, i.e., metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites, followed by information on electronic materials and environmental degradation of materials. The chapter on “Comparative Properties” highlights the differences among the various materials and the book is capped with an excellent chapter on “Material Selection.”
Frequency of spontaneous neurotransmission at individual boutons corresponds to the size of the readily releasable pool of vesicles.
Authors: Ralowicz Amelia J. , Hokeness Sasipha , Hoppa Michael B. 
Published: February 2024

Synapses maintain two forms of neurotransmitter release to support communication in the brain. First, evoked neurotransmitter release is triggered by the invasion of an action potential across en passant boutons that form along axons. The probability of evoked release (Pr) varies substantially across boutons, even within a single axon. Such heterogeneity is the result of differences in the probability of a single synaptic vesicle fusing (Pv) and in the number of vesicles available for immediate release, known as the readily-releasable pool (RRP). Spontaneous release (also known as a mini) is an important form of neurotransmission that occurs in the absence of action potentials. Because it cannot be triggered with electrical stimulation, much less is known about potential heterogeneity in the frequency of spontaneous release between boutons. We utilized a photostable and bright fluorescent indicator of glutamate release (iGluSnFR3) to quantify both spontaneous and evoked release at individual glutamatergic boutons. We found that the rate of spontaneous release is quite heterogenous at the level of individual boutons. Interestingly, when measuring both evoked and spontaneous release at single synapses, we found that boutons with the highest rates of spontaneous release also displayed the largest evoked responses.Using a new optical method to measure RRP at individual boutons, we found that this heterogeneity in spontaneous release was strongly correlated with the size of the RRP, but not related to Pv. We conclude that the RRP is a critical and dynamic aspect of synaptic strength that contributes to both evoked and spontaneous vesicle release.Significance StatementNeurotransmitter is released through two mechanisms: action potential-evoked and spontaneous vesicle fusion. It is unknown if some synapses specialize in either evoked or spontaneous release with an antagonistic relationship, or if the two forms of release coexist and have a cooperative relationship. We used a robust optical glutamate indicator to measure both forms of release at individual synapses. We found that the frequency of spontaneous release displays significant heterogeneity and is directly related to the size of the readily releasable pool of vesicles. This finding links both mechanisms of neurotransmitter release and suggests an important signaling mechanism to the postsynaptic neuron at individual synapses.
The House of European History: Pöttering’s Elite-Level Impact in shaping European Identity
Authors: Ostojski Jennifer 
Published: February 2024

The House of European History in Brussels, Belgium, is a pan-European identity-making institution, created by the European Union. It has sparked an array of scholarship that speaks to the power of the museum, its ability to create a master narrative for the European people, and the varying omissions and choices made in telling Europe’s history. While European Parliament President Hans-Gert Pöttering receives credit for originating the museum, little scholarship speaks to his ideas regarding European Union integration, community, and its identity – even though, elite leader ideas are recognized in nationalism studies as instrumental in the making of an identity. This article fills this gap and shows how Pöttering’s ideas influenced the broad and generalized narrative the House of European History espouses today.
Investigating the Sources of the French Grammar (1724) by Ivan Gorlitsky
Authors: Kareva Natalia 
Published: February 2024

The article is dedicated to the grammar of the French language, which is kept in the manuscript department of the Library of the Academy of Sciences (RO BAN, P I B, №106). The authorship of the manual is attributed to Ivan Gorlitsky (1690–1777). It was apparently intended for Princess Elizaveta Petrovna. The article supplements the information on this source in the works by S. V. Vlasov, L. V. Moskovkin (2013, 2017), N. V. Kareva and M. G. Sharikhina (2022). The allegation passed down from work to work about the originality of Gorlitsky’s work is disputed. Evidence shows that a significant part of the grammar text corresponds to the textbook “The true principles of the French Language” (1757) by V. J. Peyton; it is assumed that both texts go back to a common source. Other fragments of Gorlitsky’s grammar go back to F. de Fenne’s «Institutio linguae gallicae» (1680). The examples are generously taken from J.-R. Peplier’s textbook (1689). Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of the material adaptation to the Russian reader. It is pointed out that Gorlitsky often altered the examples and supplemented his text with information about the Russian language.
Образная основа сказочной формулы в структуре фольклорного текста (на материале русских, словацких и чешских сказок и их переводов)
Authors: Tyshchenko Oleh , Figedyová Marianna 
Published: February 2024

The article presents a comparative analysis of fairy-tale texts from the perspective of their structural, semantic, pragmatic, as well as linguistic and cultural features. Verbal and semiotic code of fairy tales has been reconstructed on the basis of their bidirectional translation (translation of Folk Russian Tales by A. Afanasiev into Slovak and Czech and, vice versa, Slovak and Czech fairy tales translation into Russian). The article considers fairy formulas, namely, initial, middle and final ones proceeding from the archetypal structure, value and semantic dominants, as well as concepts of folklore texts (transformations and variants of plots and allomotives, typology of images and names of fairy-tale characters through the lens of V. Propp, S. Neklyudov, E. Novik and others’ views). The units under scrutiny are described both in terms of their equivalence, figurative structure, and possible translation transformations, as well as ways of transferring culture-specific elements and pragmes into foreign cultural folklore and semiotic space. The approach applied in the article presupposes cultural and semantic reconstruction of the predominant conceptual spheres actualized in fairy tales, particularly the ones of giving, the Way, 'us' and 'them', happy end and marriage (Russian motif of wedding feast), oppositions of the living and the dead, functions of fairy-tale loci, such as emptiness, chaos and cosmogonic representations associated with them. Moreover, the research analyzes modal, temporal, and syntactic characteristics of fairy-tale formulas, lexical and semantic substitutions, as well as compensations and equivalents in the target text.
The Medieval Banquet
Authors: Van Winter Johanna Maria 
Published: February 2024

What did the medieval word ‘banquet’ denote? Today, it means (at least in Dutch) either all those things baked at the baker’s besides the bread, like pies and pastries, or a full-scale festive dinner. We no longer recognize that the second definition is a pars pro toto: a part of a festive meal that was obviously considered so important as to give its name to the dinner as a whole. Literally, it meant a little bench or wooden table, smaller than but comparable to the fish-stalls at a market. At medieval feasts, such a table was usually located somewhere other than the dining-hall itself, so that the cook might dress it with a variety of dishes while the guests were otherwise occupied and which could then be made available to guests for them to help themselves. This article looks at the accounts available to the historian concerning the famous feast known as Le Banquet des Voeux du Faisan hosted by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy in 1454 following the defeat of the Turks the previous year and concludes that the food service itself took the form of a self-service buffet.
TELETRAFFIC FORECASTING IN MEDIA SERVICE SYSTEMS
Authors: Gusiev O. Yu. , Мagro V. І. , Nikolska O. I. 
Published: February 2024

Context. The development of information and communication technologies has led to an increase in the volume of information sent over the network. Media service platforms play an important role in the creation and processing of bitrate in the information network. Therefore, there is a need to develop a methodology for predicting bitrate in various media service platforms by creating an effective algorithm that minimizes the forecast error.
Objective. The aim of the work is to synthesize in analytical form the state transition matrix of the Kalman filter for nonstationary self-similar processes when predicting the bitrate in telecommunication networks.
Method. A methodology has been developed for predicting teletraffic in media service platforms, based on a modification of the Kalman filter for non-Gaussian processes. This methodology uses an original procedure for calculating statistics, which makes it possible to reduce the filtering and forecast error that arises due to the uncertainty of the analytical model of the process under study. The methodology does not require knowledge of the analytical model of the process, as well as strict restrictions on its stochastic characteristics.
Results. A methodology for estimating and forecasting bitrate in telecommunication systems is proposed. This methodology was used to study teletraffic processes in the media service platforms Google Meet, Zoom, Microsoft Teams. The passage of real bitrate through the specified media service platforms was studied. A comparison of real teletraffic with predicted teletraffic was carried out. The influence of the order of the state transition matrix of the Kalman filter on the error of estimation and prediction has been studied. It has been established that even a low (second) order of the state transition matrix allows one to obtain satisfactory forecast results. It is shown that the use of the proposed methodology makes it possible to predict traffic with a relative error of the order of 3– 4%.
Conclusions. An original algorithm for assessing and forecasting the characteristics of media traffic has been developed. Recommendations for improving the technology for building media service platforms are formulated. It is shown that the bitrates generated by various media service platforms, in the case of applying the proposed estimation and forecasting methodology, are invariant with respect to the type of stochastic processes being processed.
RCF-ST: RICHER CONVOLUTIONAL FEATURES NETWORK WITH STRUCTURAL TUNING FOR THE EDGE DETECTION ON NATURAL IMAGES
Authors: Polyakova M. V. 
Published: February 2024

Context. The problem of automating of the edge detection on natural images in intelligent systems is considered. The subject of the research is the deep learning convolutional neural networks for edge detection on natural images.
Objective. The objective of the research is to improve the edge detection performance of natural images by structural tuning the richer convolutional features network architecture.
Method. In general, the edge detection performance is influenced by a neural network architecture. To automate the design of the network structure in the paper a structural tuning of a neural network is applied. Computational costs of a structural tuning are incomparably less compared with neural architecture search, but a higher qualification of the researcher is required, and the resulting solution will be suboptimal. In this research it is successively applied first a destructive approach and then a constructive approach to structural tuning of the based architecture of the RCF neural network. The constructive approach starts with a simple architecture network. Hidden layers, nodes, and connections are added to expand the network. The destructive approach starts with a complex architecture network. Hidden layers, nodes, and connections are then deleted to contract the network. The structural tuning of the richer convolutional features network includes: (1) reducing the number of convolutional layers; (2) reducing the number of convolutions in convolutional layers; (3) removing at each stage the sigmoid activation function with subsequent calculation of the loss function; (4) addition of the batch normalization layers after convolutional layers; (5) including the ReLU activation functions after the added batch normalization layers. The obtained neural network is named RCF-ST. The initial color images were scaled to the specified size and then inputted in the neural network. The advisability of each of the proposed stages of network structural tuning was reseached by estimating the edge detection performance using the confusion matrix elements and Figure of Merit. The advisability of a structural tuning of the neural network as a whole was estimated by comparing it with methods known from the literature using the Optimal Dataset Scale and Optimal Image Scale.
Results. The proposed convolutional neural network has been implemented in software and researched for solving the problem of edge detection on natural images. The structural tuning technique may be used for informed design of the neural network architectures for other artificial intelligence problems.
Conclusions. The obtained RCF-ST network allows to improve the performance of edge detection on natural images. RCF-ST network is characterized by a significantly fewer parameters compared to the RCF network, which makes it possible to reduce the resource consumption of the network. Besides, RCF-ST network ensures the enhancing of the robustness of edge detection on texture background.
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUE FOR STRUCTURING OF GROUP EXPERT ASSESSMENTS UNDER UNCERTAINTY AND INCONCISTANCY
Authors: Davydenko Ye. O. , Shved A. V. , Honcharova N. V. 
Published: February 2024

Context. The issues of structuring group expert assessments are considered in order to determine a generalized assessment under inconsistency between expert assessments. The object of the study is the process of synthesis of mathematical models of structuring (clustering, partitioning) of expert assessments that are formed within the framework of Shafer model under uncertainty, inconsistency (conflict).
Objective. The purpose of the article is to develop an approach based on the metrics of theory of evidence, which allows to identify a number of homogeneous subgroups from the initial heterogeneous set of expert judgments formed within the framework of the Shafer model, or to identify experts whose judgments differ significantly from the judgments of the rest of the group.
Method. The research methodology is based on the mathematical apparatus of theory of evidence and cluster analysis. The proposed approach uses the principles of hierarchical clustering to form a partition of a heterogeneous (inconsistent) set of expert evidence into a number of subgroups (clusters), within which expert assessments are close to each other. Metrics of the theory of evidence are considered as a criterion for determining the similarity and dissimilarity of clusters. Experts’ evidence are considered consistent in the formed cluster if the average or maximum (depending on certain initial conditions) level of conflict between them does not exceed a given threshold level.
Results. The proposed approach for structuring expert information makes it possible to assess the degree of consistency of expert assessments within an expert group based on an analysis of the distance between expert evidence bodies. In case of a lack of consistency within the expert group, it is proposed to select from a heterogeneous set of assessments subgroups of experts whose assessments are close to each other for further aggregation in order to obtain a generalized assessment.
Conclusions. Models and methods for analyzing and structuring group expert assessments formed within the notation of the theory of evidence under uncertainty, inconsistency, and conflict were further developed. An approach to clustering group expert assessments formed under uncertainty and inconsistency (conflict) within the framework of the Shafer model is proposed in order to identify subgroups within which expert assessments are considered consistent. In contrast to existing clustering methods, the proposed approach allows processing expert evidence of a various structure and taking into account possible ways of their interaction (combination, intersection).
METHOD OF MINIMIZATION SIDELOBES LEVEL AUTOCORRELATION FUNCTIONS OF SIGNALS WITH NON-LINEAR FREQUENCY MODULATION
Authors: Kostyria О. О. , Hryzo А. А. , Dodukh О. М. , Lisohorskyi B. А. , Lukianchykov А. А. 
Published: February 2024

Context. At present, when creating new and upgrading existing radar systems, solid-state generator devices are widely used, which imposes certain restrictions on the peak power of probing signals. To overcome this limitation, longer duration signals with internal pulse modulation are used. The main efforts of the researchers are focused on reducing the maximum level of the side lobes of the autocorrelation function of such signals, which, without taking additional measures, has a significant level, which complicates the work of systems for detecting and stabilizing the level of false alarms. Attention is paid to signals with non-linear frequency modulation, which consist of two and three linearly frequency-modulated fragments. The maximum level of the side lobes of such signals depends significantly on the frequency-time parameters of the fragments, and therefore it is very difficult to obtain its stable value. Searching for signals with minimal side lobe level values by optimizing their time-frequency parameters is a difficult task, because changing the parameters of previous signal fragments leads to changes in the parameters of subsequent fragments
Objective. The aim of the work is to develop a method for simplifying the search for local minima of the level of side lobes of two- and three-fragment signals with nonlinear frequency modulation by using a modified mathematical model with a whole number of periods of radio oscillations of linear-frequency modulated fragments.
Method. The developed method is based on the proposed modification of the mathematical model, which corrects the frequencytime parameters of two- and three-fragment signals with non-linear frequency modulation by modifying the values of the frequency modulation speed while providing an integer number of complete periods of radio frequency oscillations for each of the fragments, which simplifies the process of finding local minima of the level of side lobes.
Results. Modification of the initial mathematical model leads to the expansion of the possible range of values of frequency-time parameters, ratios of durations and frequency deviations of linearly-frequency modulated fragments and ensures stability of the mathematical model with a decrease in the maximum level of side lobes of the autocorrelation function.
Conclusions. It has been experimentally confirmed that the use of the proposed method of modifying the input frequency-time parameters of signals with non-linear frequency modulation in the vast majority of cases reduces the maximum level of side lobes and simpli-fies the process of finding its local minima. The optimal ratios of durations and deviations of the frequency of the signal frag-ments are determined, subject to these, stable operation of the models is ensured and, in most cases, - less than the value of the maximum level of the side lobes.