bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Male Erectile Dysfunction Problems in Healthcare Facilities in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Mkonyi Ever , Trent Maria , Mwakawanga Dorkasi L. , Massae Agnes Fredrick , Ross Michael W. , Bonilla Zobeida E. , Mohammed Inari S. , Lukumay Gift Gadiel , Mushy Stella Emmanuel , Mgopa Lucy Raphael , Wadley James , Mkoka Dickson Ally , Rosser Brian Robert Simon 
Published: January 2024

Male erectile dysfunction is a significant public health problem that considerably impacts one's relationships and affects sexual life. However, few studies have been conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa to explore male erectile dysfunction. This study explored how healthcare professionals identify and manage male erectile dysfunction in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Eighteen (18) focus group discussions were conducted with healthcare practitioners (N=60) and students (N=61), stratified by midwifery, nursing, or medicine. Thematic analysis resulted in two main themes: history taking and disease management. Providers and students highlighted different approaches to handling erectile dysfunction, and the results revealed inadequate knowledge among providers on male erectile dysfunction. In addition, the results presented the unmet need of patients with erectile dysfunction in the community, forcing patients to seek care from traditional healers. Therefore, this study recommends comprehensive health training and continuous education for practicing health professionals on sexuality and sexual health across disciplines. Training would potentially increase confidence among healthcare providers when engaging with patients and provide referrals to specialized care to optimize patient outcomes
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of endoscopic band ligation in the treatment of bleeding from mild to moderate gastric varices type 1
Authors: Deng Yue , Jiang Ya , Jiang Tong , Chen Ling , Mou Hai-Jun , Tuo Bi-Guang , Shi Guo-Qing 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
According to practice guidelines, endoscopic band ligation (EBL) and endoscopic tissue adhesive injection (TAI) are recommended for treating bleeding from esophagogastric varices. However, EBL and TAI are known to cause serious complications, such as hemorrhage from dislodged ligature rings caused by EBL and hemorrhage from operation-related ulcers resulting from TAI. However, the optimal therapy for mild to moderate type 1 gastric variceal hemorrhage (GOV1) has not been determined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to discover an individualized treatment for mild to moderate GOV1.
AIM
To compare the efficacy, safety and costs of EBL and TAI for the treatment of mild and moderate GOV1.
METHODS
A clinical analysis of the data retrieved from patients with mild or moderate GOV1 gastric varices who were treated under endoscopy was also conducted. Patients were allocated to an EBL group or an endoscopic TAI group. The differences in the incidence of varicose relief, operative time, operation success rate, mortality rate within 6 wk, rebleeding rate, 6-wk operation-related ulcer healing rate, complication rate and average operation cost were compared between the two groups of patients.
RESULTS
The total effective rate of the two treatments was similar, but the efficacy of EBL (66.7%) was markedly better than that of TAI (39.2%) (P < 0.05). The operation success rate in both groups was 100%, and the 6-wk mortality rate in both groups was 0%. The average operative time (26 min) in the EBL group was significantly shorter than that in the TAI group (46 min) (P < 0.01). The rate of delayed postoperative rebleeding in the EBL group was significantly lower than that in the TAI group (11.8% vs 45.1%) (P < 0.01). At 6 wk after the operation, the healing rate of operation-related ulcers in the EBL group was 80.4%, which was significantly greater than that in the TAI group (35.3%) (P < 0.01). The incidence of postoperative complications in the two groups was similar. The average cost and other related economic factors were greater for the EBL than for the TAI (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
For mild to moderate GOV1, patients with EBL had a greater one-time varix eradication rate, a greater 6-wk operation-related ulcer healing rate, a lower delayed rebleeding rate and a lower cost than patients with TAI.
Correlation of Body Mass Index and Waist Hip Ratio with Cardiovascular Parameters in Sedentary Males
Authors: Jayalakshmi MK  
Published: January 2024

Background
There is an excess of adipose tissue accumulation in obesity which is associated with more sympathetic activity resulting major potential mechanism contributing to increased risk of cardiovascular complications. Obesity is associated with coronary arterial diseases, type-2 diabetes mellitus, infertility, osteoarthritis, and colo-rectal cancers. Visceral fat is more atherogenic.
Method
100 sedentary healthy male subjects selected randomly in the general population of Davangere city. Anthropometric parameters like weight, height, waist and hip circumference were measured. With these, Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) were calculated. Correlation between BMI and WHR with cardiovascular parameters was made.
Results
There was statistically significant increase in body mass index, waist hip ratio, blood pressure and pulse rate was seen and there was positive correlation between body mass index, waist hip ratio with blood pressure and pulse rate in sedentary subjects.
Conclusion
Sedentary life style and obesity are associated with increase in body mass index, waist hip ratio, blood pressure and pulse rate. There is a positive correlation between Body Mass Index, Waist Hip Ratio with Pulse Rate, Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure.
Influence of Age and Regular Exercise on Blood Pressure in Female Subjects
Authors: Jayalakshmi M.K, Chandrashekhar D M  
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim
Sedentary lifestyle is a major underlying cause of disease, disability and death. Many studies have shown that sedentary life style increases risk of hypertension and pre-hypertension. The frequency of coronary heart disease was five times more in light workers compared to heavy workers. Inactivity may diminish life expectancy not only by predisposing to age related diseases but also influence the aging process by oxidative stress. Since sedentary lifestyle is a major risk factor in development of hypertension, the present study was conducted to find effect of sedentary lifestyle and age on blood pressure.
Method
100 healthy sedentary and 100 non-sedentary female subjects in the age group of 25–55 years were selected randomly from the general population of Gadag city. Depending upon the age, subjects were divided into three groups for analysis. Blood pressure was recorded with a mercury sphygmomanometer in supine position in the right upper limb by auscultatory method after 30 minutes of physical and mental relaxation. Three readings were taken at an interval of 15 minutes each and an average of the three values calculated and compared between three groups.
Results
There was statistically significant increase in systolic blood pressure in sedentary subjects of all the three groups compared to non-sedentary subjects. Diastolic blood pressure was found to be increased in sedentary subjects in all the three groups but statistically significant increase was found in group two and three.
A Comparative Study of QTC in Obese, Non-Obese Hypertensive and Obese Normotensive Males
Authors: Divya R, Ashok V  
Published: January 2024

Background
QTc (corrected QT interval) is an index of physiological variability of ventricular repolarization. Prolonged QTc has been reported in cardiac failure, arterial hypertension, ischaemic heart disease and in obesity.
Aims and Objectives
This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of hypertension and obesity on QTc. The objective of the study was to compare the QTc in obese, non-obese hypertensive and normotensive obese male subjects.
Method
We compared the QTc in obese-hypertensives (n=15), in nonobese hypertensives (n=15) and in obese-normotensives (n=15), comparable for age and sex. Blood pressure was measured in supine position by mercury sphygmomanometer. Body mass index (BMI), WC (waist circumference) and WHR (waist hip ratio) of all patients were calculated.
Results
QTc was longer in obese hypertensives and obese normotensives compared to nonobese hypertensives(p<0.00). WC and WHR had positive correlation with QTc prolongation in obese hypertensives and obese normotensives.
Conclusion
This study indicates that obesity is an important predictor of QTc prolongation than blood pressure. Waist circumference and WHR which reflects abdominal obesity have greater association with QTc prolongation.
To Evaluate Auditory Evoked Potentials in Non Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis Subjects Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Gowri Velayutham  
Published: January 2024

Introduction
There is a definite relationship between the brain and the liver that has been known and the patients with liver cirrhosis frequently experience neurological problems. The commonest and most widely recognized is the syndrome of Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE). HE is generally taken as that refer to a collection of neuropsychiatric, neuropsychological and neurological disturbances that may arise as a complication of liver cirrhosis and which is reversible. The present study was designed to evaluate the involvement of central nervous system in non alcoholic liver cirrhosis by using auditory evoked potentials to assess conduction in auditory pathway.
Materials and Method
20 non alcoholic liver cirrhotic subjects were selected and 10 age and gender matched healthy subjects with normal liver functions from the Master Health Check Up. AEP Recording was done in electrophysiology laboratory of Physiology using Neuro Perfect Plus Medicaid Polyrite.
Results
The parameter for the study was absolute wave latencies which was considered the important cortical wave latencies. Results were analysed by student's independent t-test using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 11.5 version. P value was calculated to test the statistical significance. The level of significance chosen for the study was 1% (p < 0.01).
Conclusion
The finding of absolute wave latency prolongation in clinically non encephalopathic non alcoholic cirrhotic patients signify the presence of MHE. Therefore the ethanol induced demyelination thought to be the basic cause of AEPs is also over ruled. AEP is such a simple non invasive technique to be used as a prognostic marker and in follow up of even comatose patients. The emergence of MHE is significantly correlated with the severity of liver functions.
A Study of Introduction of Concept of Emotional Intelligence in Medical Students
Authors: Pratibha Mehta, Veenodini Warhade  
Published: January 2024

Introduction
Despite high clinical skills of Indian medical graduates, there is growing mistrust between doctors and patients. Currently there is no programme of developing emotional intelligence (EI) in medical curriculum.
Material and Method
A cross-sectional study based on questionnaire was conducted on 35 medical students. Demographic data was collected by semi open ended questionnaire. EI data was collected by Schutte's Self-Report EI test questionnaire of on a 5 point Likert scale. After collecting the responses, the students were asked to attend a one hour lecture on emotional intelligence. Data was entered in MS-EXCEL and analyzed by SPSS version 19. Student's t-test was used to calculate p value. Data was considered significant for p< 0.05.
Results
Out of total 35 subjects, 20 (57.14%) were male. 26 (74.28%) stayed in hostel. Mean EI score was 102.42.EI in hostel vs. family accommodation was 98.34 and 103.27 respectively. Mean EI score males and females was 98.41 and 104.25 respectively.
Conclusion
IMG have low EI. Gender and type of accommodation have no significant effect on EI. Sensitization of IMG is required to develop EI.
The Relationship between Performance of Students in Internal Assessment and Final Summative Assessment in the Subject of Physiology in a North Indian Medical College
Authors: Nida Nowreen, Farhana Ahad  
Published: January 2024

Background
Assessments, if suitably conducted, can serve several goals and provide many advantages to all stakeholders-the medical students, the teaching faculty, the universities and the society as a whole. Assessment in medical education is mostly of two forms either formative or summative. Although it is generally assumed that the performance of a student in formative assessment will act as a predictor for performance in the summative examination not many studies are available support it.
Objectives
To explore whether performance in the continuous internal assessment, correlates with the final summative assessment in first year medical students in the subject of Physiology for the last three years.
Materials and Method
This study was conducted over a period of six months at SKIMS medical college, Srinagar. It was a observational record-based study on 280 students who took a thorough internal assessment and final examination in the subject of physiology in the batches 2014–15, 2015–16 and 2016–17.
Results
The internal assessment marks showed a positive correlation with marks obtained in final assessment or final university exams in all three batches, which is statistically highly significant (p<0.01). It was also observed that the percentage of final university marks was higher as compared to internal assessment marks in all batches.
Conclusion
The present study revealed a positive correlation between internal assessment and final university marks supporting the general assumption that the performance of a student in formative assessment will act as a predictor for performance in the final summative examination.
Cardiovascular Reactivity Accompanying Voluntary Urine Retention in Normal Young Adults
Authors: Manju Lata Arya, Prashant  Bhatnagar  
Published: January 2024

Background
The purpose of the present study was to observe the effect of urinary bladder distension on cardiovascular reactivity in normal young adults
Method
Study was conducted in T.M.U Moradabad. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded in 30 normal healthy young adults of 18–25 years of age group. Parameters were recorded in three stages (phase 1: empty bladder before drinking water, phase 2: after intake of water and with full urinary bladder, phase 3: immediately after emptying of bladder.
Results
Significant variation (<0.001) in BP and pulse rate in different phases were observed. Systolic BP and diastolic were in First stage 112.2 ± 5.54, 76.73 ± 4.50 Second stage 134.2 ± 4.12, 92.6 ± 3and Third stage 106.6 ± 4.58, 74.4 ± 4.279 respectively. Pulse rates were 70.2 ± 3.07, 78 ± 3.64, 71.8 ± 2.8935 in first, second and third stages respectively and differences were significant(p <0.001).
Conclusion
Findings suggested that systolic and diastolic blood pressure were raised with full urinary bladder.
Conclusion
Subjects should be asked to empty bladder before measuring their blood pressure in practice to avoid erroneous recordings.
Psychological Distress in Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Sat Pal, Praveen Prashant, Ravi Rohilla  
Published: January 2024

Introduction
Stress is a condition that affects a person's physical and mental health. It is a response of the person to the environmental condition including interaction with it, which can pose threat to physical and mental wellbeing of the subject. Every person has certain endurance to cope up with the impending stress but when it increases beyond it, leads to psychological stress.
Objective
To assess psychological distress among medical students.
Method
In this study which we planned on 200 medical students 197 participated. These students were admitted recently to the medical college. Using Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) mental wellbeing of the participants was assessed. Participants were informed about the questionnaire and consent was taken as such. Standardised questionnaire was distributed and participants were asked to choose the most adequate option provided.
Result
46.7% i.e. 92 of 197 students (50 female and 42 males, p value 0.283) scored below 20 that show no psychological stress or healthy status. 26.9% i.e. 53 (25 female and 28males, p value 0.6002), students scored 20–24 which shows mild distress and no significant difference between prevalence in both gender. 16.7% i.e. 33 (13 female and 20 males, p value 0.1729) scored 25–29, which shows moderate stress and without any significant difference and students which showed severe distress were 19(9.6%) (11 female and 8 male, p value 0.4747) with no significant difference and scored ? 30 on Kessler's score.
Conclusion
Approximately half of students were found of healthy mental status. 38 female students were found in mild to moderate distress as compared to 48 male students. 11 female and 8 male students were found in severe distress.
Study of Inflammatory Biomarker (PARC/CCL 18) in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and its Correlation with Disease Severity in South Indian Population
Authors: Ganesan. R, Varadharaju, Vishnukanth, Karthik, Gaur. G.S  
Published: January 2024

Aim
Our recent studies have shown that inflammatory biomarker (PARC/CCL 18) in chronic pulmonary disease and its correlation with disease severity in south Indian population. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease characterised by chronic obstruction of lung airways which is not entirely reversible. Pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine ligand-18(PARC/CCL18) is a 7-kD protein that is constitutively expressed by monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells and is secreted predominantly in the lung. It is a promising inflammatory marker in COPD.
Material and Method
This was a Descriptive study conducted in 130 male COPD patients. It was designed to assess the specific inflammatory marker and study their relationship with disease severity levels in male COPD patients.
Results
inflammatory biomarkers of Pulmonary and activation regulated chemokine ligand-18 levels were significantly (P<0.003) increased in very severe COPD patients when compared with mild, moderate and severe COPD patients.
Conclusion
From the present study, we conclude that in COPD specific biomarker serum PARC/CCL18 associated with disease severity
Forced Vital Capacity Parameters in Tibetan Youths Born and Residing in India
Authors: Varsha M Shindhe, Maheshkumar M Shindhe, Kammar K F  
Published: January 2024

Background and Objective
There is evidence of considerable variation in pulmonary functions in different ethnic groups, between races and across generations attributed to genetic factors leading to the formation of airways of different size or with different elastic recoil. This study was aimed to evaluate and compare pulmonary functions between Tibetan males with Indian origin and young Indian males.
Materials and Method
Forced Vital Capacity parameters (measured using spiroanalyser SPL-95) of 50 Tibetan males aged 20–30 years born and brought up in Mundgod, North Karnataka District, were compared with 50 Indian males matched for age, sex, height and weight as controls. The obtained data was analyzed between the two groups by applying unpaired student's ‘t’ test.
Results
The anthropometric data between the two groups showed no statistical significant difference. The FVC (litres), FEV1(L/sec) and FEV1/FVC were higher in Tibetan males with Indian origin when compared to Indian males being statistically significant at P<0.001 [95% CI(0.79, 1.08), (0.87, 1.20) and (0.02, 0.06) respectively]. Flow rates [MMEF (L/sec), MEF75% (L/sec) and MEF50% (L/sec)] were higher in Tibetan males as compared to Indian males. MMEF was statistically significant at P <0.01[95% CI (0.24, 1.17)], MEF75% and MEF50% were statistically significant at P <0.001 [95%CI (2.13, 3.73) and (0.43, 1.51) respectively]. The MEF25% was lesser in Tibetan males than compared to Indian males but was not statistically significant.
Conclusion
There is a difference in lung functions between Tibetan youths with Indian origin and Indian youths though both share similar environmental challenges showing that Tibetan males with Indian origin still retain better respiratory parameters as their ancestors which could be due to their inheritance of genetic factors that favour their survival at a high altitude
Survey of Changes in the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate at the Different Stages of Therapy by Westergren Method in the Patients of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Malwa Region of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Kumar Abhishek  
Published: January 2024

Background
Tuberculosis, an ancient disease of man remains the most important specific communicable disease in the world caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis continues to be the biggest public health problem in terms of morbidity & mortality.
Aims & Objective
To study the changes in erythrocyte sedimentation rate at the different period of therapy in Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Material & Method
A total of 50 untreated sputum positives well as negative cases of pulmonary tuberculosis admitted in TB chest department as well as out patients of Pulmonary Medicine department of Index Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Indore were included. Under aseptic precautions 5ml of blood collected from sputum positive cases of pulmonary tuberculosis as well as sputum negative in EDTA vacutainers & erythrocyte sedimentation rate were analysed using westergren tube at different period of therapy.
Result
The study was conducted on 50 subjects of different age group. The sputum positive cases shows rise in ESR with different degree of mild, moderate & severe, While it decreases & comes to normal at different period of therapy as sputum negative cases which has already normal ESR range. So there was a significant post treatment improvement in ESR.
Conclusion
Blood changes in pulmonary tuberculosis are common in the form of increased ESR with degree of mild, moderate & severe rise at the beginning of therapy, Which decreases & comes to normal range at the different period of therapy, which can be used as a guide to assess the improvement of TB patients after therapy.
Effect of Ventromedial Hypothalamus on Food Intake, Body Weight, Insulin Resistance, Lipid Profile and Thyroid Profile in High-Fat Diet Obese Female Wistar Rats
Authors: Gaur T. Archana  
Published: January 2024

Background
Diet is one of the risk factors for obesity and VMH plays a substantial role in food intake and obesity. Food intake and body weight differ preferentially with gender. Insulin resistance, thyroid, and lipid profile are intimately linked to body metabolism. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the role of VMH on metabolism
Materials and Method
The study was conducted in the Dept. of Physiology, JIPMER after ethics committee approval. The animals were fed on HFD (total of 12 female albino Wistar rats) for a period of 10 weeks. After obtaining a basal recording of food intake, body weight, glucose, insulin, thyroid, and lipid profile for a period of 1 week, animals were divided into control and experimental subgroups (each 6 female). Experimental rats underwent electrolytic ablation of VMH whereas control rats underwent sham lesion. Then a post-lesion recording was taken for four weeks and compared between groups with appropriate statistics.
Results
VMH lesion increased food intake, body weight, blood glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance in the experimental group. VMH lesion didn't have much influence on lipid profile and thyroid profile.
Conclusion
VMH has a significant role in feeding behavior, adiposity genesis, insulin-glucose homeostasis, and lipid metabolism