bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphene and Graphene Derived Nanomaterials as Versatile Candidates for Organic Solar Cells and Smart Windows Applications – A Review
Authors: Ferry Darim Badur , Rasheed Tahir , Anwar Muhammad Tuoqeer , Imran Muhammad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGraphene and related materials have been employed in several applications till date due to the unique set of properties. Research in the area of organic solar cells and smart windows are important to meet the increasing global energy demands and to realize the future goal of zero energy buildings. Here, we present a summary of the important research progress in application of graphene and related materials in organic solar cells and smart windows. This review starts by introducing the need of photovoltaic technology including organic solar cells and smart windows. The remaining sections are broadly divided into two sections – the first one briefly introduces organic cells and their different types, and the next section focuses on the different chromogenic technologies used in smart windows. After a brief overview of graphene, the application of graphene and related materials in organic cells and smart windows are presented. In the end, some of the major challenges and possible research directions are also outlined. Hopefully, this review will shed light on the recent trends and directions to achieve enhancement in performance of organic solar cells and smart windows with integration of graphene and provide overview for researchers about this novel field.
Manganese Detection in Water Samples via Photometrix Colorimetric Analysis on Smartphones, by using Silver Nanoparticles Prepared from Okara Extract
Authors: Panjina Piyachat , Rawat Anchali , Seedad Ratchadaporn , Songsrirote Kriangsak 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSoybean residue (okara) extract combined with trisodium citrate was applied as reducing and stabilizing agents for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Okara contained large quantities of biomolecules affecting the property of the synthesized AgNPs as a detection sensor. This work presented the application of the AgNPs as a colorimetric probe for Mn2+ detection. A free mobile application called PhotoMetrix that can be downloaded onto smartphones was developed for a color analysis. The developed approach provided a linearity range for Mn2+ detection of 0.025–5.0 ppm with the limit of detection and limit of quantification of 0.01 and 0.03 ppm, respectively, under optimal conditions. The reaction time was 9 minutes with no need for pH adjustment. The developed method was applied for Mn2+ determination in filtered water samples, and the results were in good agreement with the standard method, atomic absorption spectroscopy. The binding sites of interaction between molecular functional groups surrounding the surface of AgNPs and Mn2+ ions were characterized to elucidate the detection selectivity, and it was found that carbonyl and hydroxyl groups were key to the sensor activity.
Developing a Rapid and Sensitive Colorimetric Sensor for Detection of Food Adulterant Rhodamine‐B in Real Samples
Authors: Pratap Ravi , Das Arunava , Mishra Archana , Chaudhary Shilpi , Singh Parmar Avanish 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRhodamine B (Rh−B) is a well‐known carcinogenic agent with potential health risks, yet it is frequently used as a food adulterant in developing countries. This study presents the synthesis and characterization of a Broussonetia Zeylanica extract (BZ‐EXT) from a plant for the rapid, efficient, and sensitive colorimetric sensing of Rh−B. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.41 μg/mL and 1.31 μg/mL, respectively. We demonstrating superior sensitivity compared to conventional methods using DI water as a solvent. Furthermore, the practical applicability of the developed material was successfully tested in real samples, yielding estimated values of Rh−B are 0.76 μg/mL and 0.52 μg/mL, respectively. The pH dependent colorimetric sensing performance of the BZ‐EXT for Rh−B detection was found more efficient at aqueous pH value of 9.2. These results highlight the potential of the BZ‐EXT as a promising tool for rapid and sensitive detection of Rh−B food adulteration in real samples.
Sodium Chloride Induced pH and Temperature Responsive Biocompatible Hydrogel of Choline Oleate for Transdermal Drug Delivery of Doxorubicin
Authors: Jain Monika , Pansuriya Raviraj , Kumar Sugam , Aswal Vinod K. , Kumar Kailasa Suresh , Malek Naved I. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNanodrug carriers have various biological and pharmaceutical applications, and among all the transdermal drug delivery is fascinating, specifically for localized medication therapy to a specific diseased organ or limited diseased area of the body, such as breast cancer cells or carcinoma cells. This way the efficacy of drug can be enhanced and its side effect to other healthy organs can be reduced to great extent. To ameliorate the limitations of traditional polymeric drug delivery systems, such as limited quantity and heterogeneity of the loaded drug, we developed a NaCl induced biocompatible gel of wormlike micelles of surface active ionic liquid (SAIL) i. e. choline oleate ([Ch][Ol]). Apart from the pH and temperature responsive mechanical properties, the designed gel also show good skin permeability, biocompatibility, adhesive qualities, stretchability, and viscoelasticity. The gel was tested for encapsulation of anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) and its transdermal delivery at pH=7.4 and pH=5.2. This system exhibits tremendous transdermal permeability of DOX and selective release more amount of the drug at 5.2 pH. Hence for localised and targeted delivery of an anticancer drug, this system can be proven to be suitable.
Decolorisation of textile wastewater using biosynthesised iron oxide nanomaterials and Optimisation by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Yadav Sangita , Chander Subhash , Gupta Asha 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, the bacteria (Pseudomonas sp.) was isolated and cultured for biogenic fabrication of Fe3O4 (synthesised using bacterial cell mass) and Fe3O4@ME (synthesised using bacterial extracts) nanoparticles. The biomolecules of the bacterial extract function as a reducing and capping agent, giving the nanoparticle surface negative charges, according to the FTIR and Z potential analysis. The parameters were optimised and screened for indigo blue (IB) dye adsorption onto Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@ME nanoparticles. This work used the Design of the Experimental (DoE) method rather than the conventional one‐variable‐at‐a‐time method. The central composite design (CCD) experiment consisted of 13 experimental runs, and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to analyse the results. The models for IB dye removal using Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@ME nanomaterials showed adjusted R2 values of 0.99 and 0.99 and predicted R2 values of 0.97 and 0.99, respectively, indicating good model fit. The optimum conditions required for 70 and 64 % colour removal for Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@ME nanomaterials, respectively, are observed at 0.050 gm sorbent doses at the constant room temperature and contact time of 100 min.
Biological Applications of The Newly Designed Phthalocyanine‐Modified Gold Nanorods
Authors: Öztürk Nazlı Farajzadeh , Özdemir Sadin , Giray Gülay , Aftab Javaria , Bayır Zehra Altuntaş 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, a new di‐substituted phthalonitrile derivative namely 2‐[2‐{(3,5‐bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl) ethynyl}‐4,5 dicyanophenyl] malonate was synthesized. The cycloteramerization of the resultant compound in the presence of the related metal salts resulted in a number of metal {M=Co, Mn, and Lu} phthalocyanines. The newly synthesized macromolecules were used for the functionalization of gold nanorods. To study the effect of modification and metal ion on the biological properties of the gold nanorods, the biological features of the phthalocyanines, phthalocyanine‐gold nanorod conjugates, and gold nanorods were examined by performing different biological approaches. In this study, the anti‐diabetic activities of fluorinated phthalocyanines and their gold nanorod conjugates were examined for the first time using pancreatic alpha‐amylase. The antioxidant activities of the studied nano/structures were analyzed using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Their antimicrobial and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy activities (APDT) were investigated, as well. They exhibited good DNA cleavage activities. The highest biofilm inhibition activities were obtained 97.49 and 91.53 % for 200 mg/L of nanoconjugate (7) against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively. All the studied biological candidates also displayed effective microbial cell viability inhibition activities against E. coli.
Self‐Assembled Layer of Organic Phosphonic Acid Enables Highly Stable MnO2 Cathode for Aqueous Znic Batteries
Authors: Xiao Xilin , Zhang Lei , Xin Wenli , Yang Min , Geng Yaheng , Niu Mengfan , Zhang Hui , Zhu Zhiqiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractManganese dioxide (MnO2) is an attractive cathode material for aqueous zinc batteries (AZBs) owing to its environmental benignity, low cost, high operating voltage, and high theoretical capacity. However, the severe dissolution of Mn2+ leads to rapid capacity decay. Herein, a self‐assembled layer of amino‐propyl phosphonic acid (AEPA) on the MnO2 surface, which significantly improves its cycle performance is successfully modified. Specifically, AEPA can be firmly attached to MnO2 through a strong chemical bond, forming a hydrophobic, and uniform organic coating layer with a few nanometers thickness. This coating layer can significantly inhibit the dissolution of Mn2+ by avoiding the direct contact between the electrolyte and cathode, thus enhancing the structural integrity and redox reversibility of MnO2. As a result, the MnO2@AEPA cathode achieves a high reversible capacity of 223 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and a high capacity retention of 97% after 1700 cycles at 1 A g−1. This work provides new insights in developing stable Mn‐based cathodes for aqueous batteries.
In Situ, Rapid Synthesis of Carbon‐Loaded High Density and Ultrasmall High Entropy Oxide Nanoparticles as Efficient Electrocatalysts
Authors: Chang Rui , Li Hongdong , Tian Xiaofeng , Yang Yu , Dong Tian , Wang Zhenhui , Lai Jianping , Feng Shouhua , Wang Lei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHigh entropy materials offer almost unlimited catalytic possibilities due to their variable composition, unique structure, and excellent electrocatalytic performance. However, due to the strong tendency of nanoparticles to coarsen and agglomerate, it is still a challenge to synthesize nanoparticles using simple methods to precisely control the morphology and size of the nanoparticles in large quantities, and their large‐scale application is limited by high costs and low yields. Herein, a series of high‐entropy oxides (HEOs) nanoparticles with high‐density and ultrasmall size (<5 nm) loaded on carbon nanosheets with large quantities are prepared by Joule‐heating treatment of gel precursors in a short period of time (≈60 s). Among them, the prepared (FeCoNiRuMn)3O4−x catalyst shows the best electrocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction, with low overpotentials (230 mV @10 mA cm−2, 270 mV @100 mA cm−2), small Tafel slope (39.4 mV dec−1), and excellent stability without significant decay at 100 mA cm−2 after 100 h. The excellent performance of (FeCoNiRuMn)3O4−x can be attributed to the synergistic effect of multiple elements and the inherent structural stability of high entropy systems. This study provides a more comprehensive design idea for the preparation of efficient and stable high entropy catalysts.
A comprehensive summary on the enhancement of properties of concrete with recycled polypropylene materials
Authors: Anto J. , Bhuvaneshwari M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe scientific community is currently confronted with critical problems in providing a healthy world for future generations. The study for sustainable plastic recycling methods is difficult for a variety of purposes. Indeed, during the previous century, the widespread usage of plastic materials has resulted in vast amounts of long‐lasting waste that has remained largely unaddressed by effective collection and disposal policies. Packaging materials are responsible for the majority of this waste which also includes polypropylene materials. However, environmental concerns imposed a new trend in the previous decade that brought this research under focus, as seen by the growing number of linked publications. For the recycling of polymeric plastic materials, several chemical and mechanical methodologies have been proposed. Due to the low ultimate tensile strain of concrete, plastic waste fiber materials have been used in concrete in recent times as the reinforced concrete components often function with cracks during the serviceability phase. The bonding strength and stress variation during flexure, toughening effect of a hybrid combination of steel and recycled polypropylene fibers on high‐strength concrete are investigated. Polypropylene's compressive and tensile strength, good dielectric characteristics, and acid and alkali resistance have all been observed in various studies. Hence the current review focus on the past researches on utilization of recycled polypropylene in concrete for the enhancement of its physical and mechanical properties.
An integrated study of water quality in the Ganol River Basin, India: Application of hydro‐chemical, multivariate statistical, and water quality index techniques
Authors: Das Gayatri , Bharali Biswadeep 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Ganol River, a vital water source for Meghalaya, India, faces significant environmental degradation due to human activities, primarily the improper disposal of domestic and commercial wastes. This study aims to assess the current water quality of the Ganol River through hydro‐chemical analysis, multivariate statistical methods, and Water Quality Index (WQI) analysis. Over a span of 6 years (2014–2020), monthly water samples were collected from ten source points or stations along the river. The findings revealed that some environmental variables had mean values below the standard limit, while others, notably dissolved oxygen (DO) and turbidity, had higher values. The Pearson correlation coefficients was used to establish the closeness or relationship within and between physico‐chemical characteristics, with some displaying strong positive connections and others showing moderate to negative correlations. The study identified several key environmental contaminants, including conductivity, BOD, COD, TSS, D.O, chloride, TDS, sulphate, hardness, calcium, magnesium, potassium, fecal coliform, and total coliform, based on their highest factor loading values. Such contaminants are significantly impacting aquatic life and the overall ecosystem of the Ganol River. Moreover, the Water Quality Index (WQI) assessment indicated a continuous decline annually in the water quality of the Ganol River. This decline poses a severe threat to the river's sustainability and the well‐being of the communities relying on it for various purposes.
Biome Change in Southern Africa
Authors: Higgins Steven I. , Conradi Timo , Louw Michelle A. , Muhoko Edward , Scheiter Simon , Martens Carola , Hickler Thomas , Wilhelm Ferdinand , Midgley Guy F. , Turpie Jane , Weiss Joshua , Slingsby Jasper A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBiomes are regional to global vegetation formations characterised by their structure and functioning. These formations are thus valuable for both quantifying ecological status at sub-regional spatial scales and defining broad adaptive management strategies. Global changes are altering both the structure and the functioning of biomes globally, and while detecting, monitoring and predicting the outcomes of such changes is challenging in Southern Africa, it provides an opportunity to test biome theory with the goal of guiding management responses and evaluating their effectiveness. Here, we synthesise what is known about recent and expected future biome-level changes from Southern Africa by reviewing progress made using dynamic global vegetation modelling (based on archetypal plant functional types), phytoclime modelling (based on species-defined plant growth forms) and phenome monitoring (based on the seasonal timing of vegetation activity). We furthermore discuss how monitoring of indicator species and indicator plant growth forms could be used to detect and monitor biome-level change in the region. We find that all the analysis methods reviewed here indicate that biome-level change is likely to be underway and to continue, but that the analytical approaches and methods differed substantially in their projections. We conclude that the next phases of research on biome change in the region should focus on reconciling these differences by improving the empirical opportunities for model verification and validation.
Southern Africa Climate Over the Recent Decades: Description, Variability and Trends
Authors: Rouault Mathieu , Dieppois Bastien , Tim Nele , Hünicke Birgit , Zorita Eduardo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSouth of 15°S, southern Africa has a subtropical climate, which is affected by temperate and tropical weather systems and comes under the influence of the Southern Hemisphere high-pressure systems. Most rainfall occurs in austral summer, but the southwest experiences winter rainfall. Much of the precipitation in summer is of convective origin forced by large-scale dynamics. There is a marked diurnal cycle in rainfall in summer. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences interannual rainfall variability. In austral summer, drought tends to occur during El Niño, while above-normal rainfall conditions tend to follow La Niña. During El Niño, higher than normal atmospheric pressure anomalies, detrimental to rainfall, occur due to changes in the global atmospheric circulation. This also weakens the moisture transport from the Indian Ocean to the continent. The opposite mechanisms happen during La Niña. On top of the variability related to ENSO, the Pacific Ocean also influences the decadal variability of rainfall. Additionally, the Angola Current, the Agulhas Current, the Mozambique Channel and the southwest Indian Ocean affect rainfall variability. Over the last 40 to 60 years, near-surface temperatures have increased over almost the whole region, summer precipitation has increased south of 10°S, and winter precipitation has mostly decreased in South Africa. Meanwhile, the Agulhas Current and the Angola Current have warmed, and the Benguela Current has cooled.
CXCR4 Theranostics: A Potential Game Changer in Solid Tumors and Hematological Malignancies
Authors: Baljinder Singh , Ankit Watts , Shekhawat Amit Singh , Ashwin Singh , Malhotra Pankaj , Waheed Abdul , Harneet Kaur , Nisha Rani , Madan Renu , Arora Sunil , Radotra B. D. , Prasad Vikas , Wester Hans J. , Behera Digambar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn overexpression of CXCR4 receptors is reported in at least 30 different human solid tumors and hematological malignancies. This overexpression is often associated with tumor aggressiveness, increased risk of metastasis, and a higher probability of recurrence, which in turn leads to a poor prognosis. No in vivo method suitable for whole-body CXCR4 disease quantification has been described and this unmet clinical need or the scientific question has been reported recently. 68Ga-Pentixafor which is a CXCR4 targeting high-affinity PET imaging probe and the tracer has been evaluated in multiple myeloma, lymphoproliferative disorders, and in lung carcinoma, and the imaging results are extremely promising. Human dosimetry studies demonstrated excellent pharmacokinetics and low radiation burden to patients. The clinical applications of 68Ga-Pentixafor/177Lu/213Bi-Pentixather as a “theranostics pair” for the diagnosis and treatment of CXCR4-expressing cancers are emerging. CXCR4-based theranostics, which had not been investigated in clinical practice till now (except few preliminary proof-of-concept studies), may be a potential game changer both in the diagnosis and treatment of CXCR4 overexpressing solid tumors and hematological malignancies in which all other available treatment options have eventually failed.
Theranostics with Somatostatin Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Wild Damian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSomatostatin receptors (SST), especially SST subtype 2 (SST2), are important targets for the management of patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) or neuroendocrine neoplasias (NENs). Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with 177Lu-labelled SST agonists, for example, 177Lu-DOTA-TOC or 177Lu-DOTA-TATE, is recommended by the European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society as second-line treatment after progression under treatment with somatostatin analogues in patients with metastatic, SST positive grade 1 and 2 midgut NETs. PET/CT imaging with 68Ga-labelled SST agonists, for example, 68Ga-DOTA-TOC or 68Ga-DOTA-TATE, plays an important role in staging and restaging NETs. Furthermore, SST PET/CT can identify those patients with highly 68Ga-DOTA-TOC or 68Ga-DOTA-TATE avid tumours. These are the patients who will benefit from PRRT. As a result, SST PET/CT can predict the treatment efficacy of 177Lu-DOTA-TOC or 177Lu-DOTA-TATE. This allows a personalized treatment approach, also called a therapeutic/diagnostic approach = theranostic approach. Until recently, it was thought that internalisation of the radiolabelled agonist was mandatory for SST-mediated imaging and therapy. It was Ginj et al. who proposed in 2006 the paradigm shift that radiolabelled SST antagonists may perform better than agonists despite lacking internalisation. In this chapter, the preclinical and clinical development, current status and possible future developments of radiolabelled SST antagonists are discussed.
IAEA Strategy for Enhancing the Sustainability of Nuclear Medicine in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Giammarile Francesco , Orellana Pilar , Paez Diana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe incidence and mortality associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is on the rise globally. There has been a significant shift in the global disease burden in the past decades from communicable infectious diseases to non-communicable diseases, especially evident in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 38 million people die each year as a consequence of NCDs. It is expected that in the next 25 years the majority of new NCD cases and associated deaths will occur in LMICs. The increase in NCDs is related to several factors, including population growth, increased life expectancy and changes in lifestyle. The most frequent NCDs are cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes.