bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone morphogenetic proteins and vascular differentiation
Authors: Patterson Cam , Moser Martin 
Published: September 2005

SummaryVasculogenesis is an important mechanism of blood vessel formation not only in embryos but also in adults. It may contribute to reparative effects of progenitor cell therapy in ischemic diseases such as myocardial infarction. Signaling pathways involved in embryonic development, including the BMP pathway, are reactivated in adult vasculogenesis. As a consequence knowledge about embryonic signaling events will help to understand blood vessel formation in the adult. The role of BMPs in embryonic development has been studied extensively in the past decades but only recently their role in vasculogenesis has been recognized. Gain and loss of function models indicate that BMPs stimulate vasculogenesis in the embryo as well as in the adult. Additionally, BMPs interact with other pathways involved in blood vessel formation, such as VEGF signaling. Studying novel molecules such as BMPER that modulate BMP activity and that are expressed in vascular cells will help to understand vasculogenetic signaling and may open up new therapeutic avenues in vascular disease.
Few predictors of massive deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Joffe Hylton , Kucher Nils , Tapson Victor , Goldhaber Samuel 
Published: September 2005

SummaryFactors that predispose to thrombus propagation from the femoropopliteal veins to the pelvic veins are poorly understood. Our goal was to determine whether there are characteristics that identify patients with massive deep vein thrombosis (DVT). We compared the 122 (2.5%) patients presenting with massive DVT (pelvic plus lower-extremity DVT) to the 4,674 (97.5%) patients with isolated lower-extremity DVT from a prospective United States multicenter DVT registry. Patients with massive DVT were younger (59.4±18.9 years vs. 64.3±16.8 years; p<0.01), less likely to have hypertension (40% vs. 51%; p=0.02), and more likely to smoke (21% vs. 13%; p=0.02) and have on- going radiation therapy (7% vs. 3%; p=0.02). The massive DVT group more commonly presented with extremity edema (80% vs. 69%; p<0.01) and erythema (21% vs. 12%; p<0.01) than the isolated lower-extremity DVT group. However, after multivariable logistic regression analysis, extremity erythema (adjusted odds ratio 1.86; 95% CI 1.13–3.04) was the only independent sequela of massive DVT and younger age (adjusted odds ratio 1.17 per decreasing decade of age; 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.34) was the only independent predictor of massive DVT. Thrombus propagation from the femoropopliteal system cannot be reliably predicted using demographic or clinical characteristics.
An optimized embryonic stem cell model for consistent gene expression and developmental studies
Authors: Gissel Cornelia , Voolstra Chris , Doss Michael Xavier , Koehler Christoph I. , Winkler Johannes , Hescheler Jürgen , Sachinidis Agapios 
Published: September 2005

Summary
In vitro differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells results in generation of tissue-specific somatic cells and may represent a powerful tool for general understanding of cellular differentiation and developmentin vivo. Culturing of most ES cell lines requires murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEF), which may influence adventitiously the genetic differentiation program of ES cells. We compared the expression profile of key developmental genes in the MEF-independent CGR8 ES cell line and in the MEFdependent D3 ES cell line. Using neomycin-resistant MEFs we demonstrated that MEFs are able to contaminate the D3 ES cells even after removing the MEFs. Subsequently, optimal differentiation conditions were established for the differentiation of CGR8 ES cells into various germ layer cells. Detailed gene expression studies in differentiating CGR8 cells were done by RTPCR analysis and by microarray analysis demonstrating a general trend of the assessed genes to be expressed either in 3 days- or 10-days old embryoid bodies (EBs) when compared to undifferentiated ES cells. Subsets within the various functional gene classes were defined that are specifically up- or down-regulated in concert. Interestingly, the present results demonstrate that developmental processes toward germ layer formation are irreversible and mostly independent of the culture conditions. Notably, apoptotic and mitochondrial ribosomal genes were downand up-regulated in 10-days old EBs, respectively, whereas compared to the 3-days old EBs whereas the activity of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 decreased with progressive development. This article defines a platform for ES cell differentiation and gene expression studies.Supplementary information available online atwww.uni-koeln.de/med-fak/physiologie/np/sachinidis.htm
Assessment of venous thromboembolism risk and the benefits of thromboprophylaxis in medical patients
Authors: Alikhan Raza , Arcelus Juan I. , Bergmann Jean-François , Haas Sylvia , Merli Geno J. , Spyropoulos Alex C. , Tapson Victor F. , Turpie Alexander G. G. , Cohen Alexander T. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryHospitalized patients with acute medical conditions are at significant risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE): approximately 10–30% of general medical patients may develop deep-vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, and the latter is a leading contributor to deaths in hospital. Despite consensus-group recommendations that at-risk medical patients should receive thromboprophylaxis, there is currently no consensus as to which patients are at risk, and many patients may not receive appropriate thromboprophylaxis. This paper reviews evidence for the risk of VTE associated with different medical conditions and risk factors, and presents a risk-assessment model for risk stratification in medical patients. Medical conditions associated with a moderate to high risk of VTE include cardiac disease, cancer, respiratory disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and infectious diseases. Importantly, analyses of data from the MEDENOX study show that thromboprophylaxis significantly reduces the risk o f VTE in these patient subgroups. Risk factors in medical patients include a history of VTE, history of malignancy, increasing age, thrombophilia, prolonged immobility, and obesity. These medical conditions and risk factors are included in a risk-assessment model which is hoped will provide a simple means of assisting clinicians in deciding whether thromboprophylaxis should be used in an individual patient.
Transient receptor potential protein subunit assembly and membrane distribution in human platelets
Authors: Brownlow Sharon L. , Sage Stewart O. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryWe have previously suggested that the human homologue of theDrosophila transient receptor potential protein, TRPC1, is involved in conducting store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in human platelets since an antibody raised against the poreforming region of TRPC1 inhibited SOCE. Here we have investigated plasma membrane expression of TRPC1 in human platelets and have probed for the presence of otherTRPC proteins in these cells. Biotinylation revealed the presence of TRPC1 in the plasma membrane of resting platelets. Surface expression was not detectibly changed following Ca2+ store depletion or stimulation with thrombin. Western blotting demonstrated the presence of TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC4, TRPC5 and TRPC6 in platelet lysates. TRPC1, TRPC4 and TRPC5 coimmunoprecipitated, as did TRPC3 and TRPC6. TRPC1, TRPC4 and TRPC5 were associated with detergent-resistant platelet membranes, from which they were partially released when the cells were cholesterol-depleted using methyl-β-cyclodextrin. The distributions of TRPC3 and TRPC6 between soluble and membrane fractions were not affected by methyl-β-cyclodextrin treatment. These results suggest that TRPC1,TRPC4 and TRPC5 form a heteromultimer associated with platelet lipid raft domains, whereas TRPC3 and TRPC6 associate independently of lipid rafts.
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor and the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism
Authors: Hoke Matthias , Kyrle Paul A. , Minar Erich , Bialonzcyk Christine , Hirschl Mirko , Schneider Barbara , Kollars Marietta , Weltermann Ansgar , Eichinger Sabine 
Published: September 2005

SummaryTissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) regulates factor X activation. LowTFPI is a risk factor for a first venous thrombosis. We evaluated whether low TFPI confers an increased risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE). TFPI–free antigen was measured in 611 patients with a first spontaneousVTE, and who were prospectively followed after withdrawal of anticoagulation. The endpoint was symptomatic recurrent VTE. The relative risk (RR) of recurrence increased from 1.0 (95% CI 0.4–2.6) in patients with TFPI levels ≤ 5th percentile to 2.7 (95% CI 1.0–7.4) in patients with levels ≤ 2nd percentile as compared with higher levels. At five years, the probability of recurrence was 48.6% (95th CI 19.0–78.1) among patients with TFPI ≤ 2nd percentile and 16.8% (95th CI 13.8–19.8) among those with higher levels (p=0.04). Compared to patients with wild type factor V and high TFPI, the RR of recurrence was 1.1 (95% CI 0.7–1.7) in patients with factorV Leiden and high TFPI, 2.3 (95% CI 0.6–9.5) in patients with wild type factor V and low TFPI and 3.5 (95% CI 0.9–14.3) in patients with factor V Leiden and low TFPI. In a multivariate analysis, the high risk of recurrence in carriers of factor V Leiden and low TFPI slightly decreased [RR 2.8 (95% CI 0.6–9.5)]. We conclude that thrombosis patients with low levels of freeTFPI are at an increased risk of recurrent VTE.
Intellectual Schisms in Philippine Psychology are Schisms of the Self: Meditations from an East-West Comparative Standpoint
Authors: Tiangco Joseph Anthony Narciso 
Published: September 2005

AbstractCritical reflection on the study of psychology situates both students and practitioners in a position to ponder upon not only the conceptual, methodological, and perhaps, theoretical advances within the discipline, but more so, in rediscovering what psychology is in the first place. The first part of this paper provides a discussion on how psychology can be remembered and studied within the backdrop of a condensed history of intellectual progression. Within this context, intellectual schisms can be understood as prompted by the value system held by members of a scientific community. Such a value system, therefore, is also attributable to the emergence of contending perspectives and systems that characterize psychology within a postmodern context. The second part of this paper argues that since psychology is the study of the self, then Eastern re flections have a place in situating Zen Buddhism as it correlates with Western postmodernism. The problem of the self in Eastern philosophy is a source of rich insight in arguing that the emptiness of the self is, in fact, due to its fluidity. Given this, I conclude in this paper that the fluidity of the self accounts for the fluidity of knowledge in psychology and the rest of the social sciences. I pose the challenge that the practice of psychology in the Philippines, as a science and profession, should take on a spiritual depth in consideration of the positive values espoused by postmodernism from an East-West comparative standpoint.
Oil Platforms: Lessons of Dissensus
Authors: Heiskanen Veijo 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe recent judgment of the International Court of Justice in the Case Concerning the Oil Platforms ('Oil Platforms') is a fascinating and confusing mix of formal consensus and substantive dissensus. By fourteen votes to two, the Court dismissed both the United States defence and Iran's substantive claim in the case. Yet the Court's nearly complete unanimity is belied by a considerable substantive disagreement on the reasoning leading to this outcome, as reflected in the numerous separate and dissenting opinions appended to the judgment. An analysis of these opinions reveals that the disagreement within the Court cannot be considered simply a reflection of varying judicial appreciations of law and fact; it reveals a fundamental, even philosophical disagreement relating to the very function of the Court: Is the principal function of the Court the adjudication of claims brought by States, or the settlement of disputes between States? The fundamental disagreement among the Judges on this issue seems a reflection of their training and background – between Judges trained in the common law tradition and those hailing from the civil law or similar more policy-oriented backgrounds. Apart from the jurisprudential disagreement relating to the function of the Court, the judgment also raises important issues of substantive international law, in particular those relating to the relationship between the law of peace and the law of armed conflict. The judgment testifies to the continuing validity of this distinction, despite the many attempts of international legal scholarship to move beyond this distinction to a more enlightened era of international relations.
Tarsal Navicular Stress Injury
Authors: Burne Scott G. , Mahoney Chris M. , Forster Bruce B. , Koehle Michael S. , Taunton Jack E. , Khan Karim M. 
Published: September 2005

Background Tarsal navicular stress fracture is a condition that has curtailed many athletic careers. Management protocols remain varied and somewhat controversial. Hypotheses (1) Clinical practice does not mirror the recommendations reported from previous case series. (2) Clinical outcome is poor when navicular stress fracture is managed in a variety of ways. (3) Imaging does not correlate strongly with clinical status at long-term follow-up after navicular stress fracture. Study Design Case series (prognosis); Level of evidence, 4. Methods From a computer registry, we identified patients who had attended a university sports medicine center between 1996 and 2002 and whose final diagnosis was navicular stress fracture (n = 11) or navicular stress reaction (n = 9). All patients had provided demographic and clinical data at their original evaluation, and all had undergone bone scans and computed tomographic imaging. These data were extracted by chart review. Follow-up clinical and imaging assessments took place a median of 3.7 years later (range, 1-15.7 years). At these assessments, we administered a questionnaire, performed a structured physician examination (blinded to other data), scanned both feet with computed tomography, and obtained magnetic resonance images of the affected foot. Results Only 2 of 11 patients (18%) with navicular stress fractures received the literature-recommended treatment of at least 6 weeks’ nonweightbearing cast immobilization. Of these 11 patients, only 6 (55%) returned to sports at their previous level. Only 3 patients with navicular stress fractures regained normal imaging appearance at follow-up. Pain score, stiffness, sporting success, current sporting involvement, and recurrence/time to recurrence were not statistically associated with computed tomographic or magnetic resonance imaging parameters. Of 9 patients with navicular stress reactions, 7 developed clinical and radiological features of navicular stress fracture, but 6 of 9 patients (67%) returned successfully to sports. Conclusions Contemporary management of navicular stress fracture differs from that recommended in the literature. This stress fracture prevented almost half of the participants in this study from returning to sports at their previous level. Imaging parameters do not correlate with the clinical assessment of a patient at long-term follow-up of navicular stress fracture.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Meniscal Repair Systems
Authors: Chang Haw C. , Nyland John , Caborn David N. M. , Burden Robert 
Published: September 2005

Background The biomechanical characteristics of the Meniscal Viper Repair System have not been previously studied. Hypothesis Comparable meniscal lesion fixation standards will exist among the Meniscal Viper Repair System, the vertical FasT-Fix device, and vertical mattress sutures. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Porcine menisci (3 groups of 7 menisci each) were repaired using different devices. A servohydraulic device cycled each construct between 5 N and 50 N for 500 cycles before load to failure (5 mm/min). Group differences were evaluated with 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests. Results During cyclic testing, the vertical mattress suture group (2.3 ± 0.2 mm) showed less mean displacement than did the vertical FasT-Fix or the Viper system groups (3.9 ± 0.7 mm and 3.9 ± 0.5 mm, respectively); the vertical mattress suture group (21.8 ± 2 N/mm) also displayed superior mean stiffness to the vertical FasT-Fix or the Viper system groups (13.2 ± 2 N/mm and 13.1 ± 1.8 N/mm, respectively). During load-to-failure testing, the vertical FasT-Fix group (145.9 ± 9 N) withstood greater mean loads than did the Viper system group (111.2 ± 30 N), but it did not differ significantly from loads withstood by the vertical mattress suture group (133.4 ± 10 N). The Viper system and vertical FasT-Fix groups (14.6 ± 2 N/mm and 12.1 ± 1 N/mm, respectively) displayed superior mean stiffness to the vertical mattress suture group (9.8 ± 0.5 N/mm) during load-to-failure testing. Clinical Relevance Standard vertical mattress sutures provided superior fixation during cyclic loading compared with the 2 all-inside methods of suture fixation, suggesting a potential for better meniscal lesion healing with vertical mattress sutures when confronted with the stresses associated with early, progressive rehabilitation activities. Stronger sutures and less meniscal segment purchase in tears located 3 to 4 mm from the periphery may contribute to the failure of the Viper repair system.
Assessment of Lower Limb Neuromuscular Control in Prepubescent Athletes
Authors: Barber-Westin Sue D. , Galloway Marc , Noyes Frank R. , Corbett George , Walsh Catherine 
Published: September 2005

Background Although neuromuscular indices have been extensively studied in adolescents and adults, limited data exist for prepubescent children. Hypothesis No differences exist between prepubescent boys and girls in lower limb strength, symmetry on single-legged hop testing, and limb alignment during drop-jump testing. Study Design Cross-sectional study (prevalence); Level of evidence, 1. Methods The authors tested 27 female and 25 male athletes who were aged 9 to 10 years and matched for both body mass index and years of organized sports participation. In a drop-jump screening test, the distance between the right and left hips, knees, and ankles was measured as an indicator of lower limb axial alignment in the coronal plane. The distance between the knees and ankles was normalized by the hip separation distance. Quadriceps and hamstrings strengths were measured isokinetically at 180 deg/s. Lower limb symmetry was determined from 2 single-legged hop function tests. Results Boys demonstrated greater mean absolute and normalized knee and ankle separation distances on the drop-jump test. Even so, 76% of boys had a normalized knee separation distance of 60% or less of the hip separation distance, as did 93% of girls, indicating a distinctly valgus alignment. There were no differences between the sexes in quadriceps and hamstrings peak torques, hamstrings/quadriceps ratio, time to peak torque, total work, or lower limb symmetry values. Conclusions A high percentage of the prepubescent athletes studied had a distinctly valgus lower limb alignment during the drop-jump test and a lack of lower limb symmetry during the hop tests. These same indices have been hypothesized to increase the risk for knee ligament injuries in older athletes. Neuromuscular training may be needed to address these issues in children.
Intra-articular Repair of an Isolated Partial Articular-Surface Tear of the Subscapularis Tendon
Authors: Kim Seung-Ho , Oh Irvin , Park Jun-Sic , Shin Seong-Kee , Jeong Woong-Kyo 
Published: September 2005

Background Partial-thickness tear of the subscapularis tendon in the articular surface is common. Hypothesis Intra-articular repair of a partial articular-surface tear of the subscapularis tendon will provide a successful outcome. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods A total of 29 shoulders with an isolated partial articular-surface tear of the subscapularis tendon without another rotator cuff lesion were treated with arthroscopic intra-articular repair using suture anchors. Biceps tenodesis was performed in 16 patients. Outcomes were prospectively evaluated at a mean of 27 months (range, 19-41 months) using 3 objective (University of California at Los Angeles, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Index, Simple Shoulder Test) and 2 subjective (pain and function visual analog scales) measurements. Results There were 21 men and 8 women, with a mean age of 54 years (range, 41-65 years). Tear widths were small (<1 cm) in 16 shoulders and large (>1 cm) in 13 shoulders. Twenty-six shoulders had articular cartilage erosion on the adjacent humeral head. Lesions of the biceps tendon were noted in 25 patients (partial tear in 15 shoulders; subluxation in 13 shoulders). Shoulder pain scores improved after surgery (5.0 ± 2.7 to 0.3 ± 0.7, P <. 05). According to American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Index scores, 18 were excellent; 10, good; and 1, fair. Internal rotation strength deficit improved from 32% to 4%. Twenty-six patients returned to more than 90% of previous activity. There were no surgical complications; tear size and biceps tenodesis did not affect outcome (P >. 05). Conclusion Arthroscopic intra-articular repair of a partial articular-surface tear of the subscapularis tendon is an effective procedure that spares the intact tendon attachment in the bursal surface. Short-term outcomes were reliable by both objective and subjective measurements.
Mosaicplasty with Autogenous Talar Autograft for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus after Failed Primary Arthroscopic Management
Authors: Kreuz Peter Cornelius , Steinwachs Matthias , Erggelet Christoph , Lahm Andreas , Henle Philipp , Niemeyer Philipp 
Published: September 2005

Background There have been limited data in the literature reporting the results of osteochondral autografting for osteochondral lesions of the talus that have failed arthroscopic treatment. Hypothesis Osteochondral autografting can produce significant clinical improvement and a high rate of healing of osteochondral defects of the talus that have failed arthroscopic treatment. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Between 1998 and 2003, 35 patients (18 men, 17 women) with osteochondral talar lesions for which arthroscopic excision, curettage, and drilling had failed, underwent mosaicplasty with an osteochondral graft harvested from the ipsilateral talar articular facet. A malleolar osteotomy or a tibial wedge osteotomy was used for central or posterior lesions that could not otherwise be reached. The mean age of the patients was 30.9 years, and the mean follow-up was 48.9 months. Results The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle Hindfoot scale score in patients without osteotomy rose by 39 points (P =. 0001); with malleolar osteotomy, by 30.1 points (P =. 017); with tibial wedge osteotomy, by 34.9 points (P =. 0002); and with the posterolateral approach, by 32 points. The Wilcoxon test revealed a significant difference between patients without and with osteotomy (P =. 027) and between patients with malleolar and tibial wedge osteotomies (P =. 046). There were no patients with nonunion or malunion in the osteotomy groups. The score values corresponded with the subjective patient evaluation. The Spearman coefficient of correlation was. 89. Conclusion Osteochondral autografting with tibial wedge osteotomy is a good alternative to malleolar osteotomy in osteochondral talar lesions that have failed arthroscopic treatment and that cannot be reached in spite of a forced plantar flexion of the ankle. Patients with small osteochondral lesions accessible through an anterior approach without additional osteotomy have the best prognostic factors.