bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-hospital mortality and cardiovascular treatment during hospitalization for heart failure among patients with schizophrenia: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Nishi Masahiro , Shikuma Akira , Seki Tomotsugu , Horiguchi Go , Matoba Satoaki 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aims
Schizophrenia is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, and patients with schizophrenia are more likely to receive suboptimal care for CVD. However, there is limited knowledge regarding in-hospital prognosis and quality of care for patients with schizophrenia hospitalized for heart failure (HF). This study sought to elucidate the association between schizophrenia and in-hospital mortality, as well as cardiovascular treatment in patients hospitalized with HF.

Methods
Using the nationwide cardiovascular registry data in Japan, a total of 704,193 patients hospitalized with HF from 2012 to 2019 were included and stratified by age: young age, > 18 to 45 years (n = 20,289); middle age, >45 to 65 years (n = 114,947); and old age, >65 to 85 years (n = 568,957). All and 30-day in-hospital mortality as well as prescription of cardiovascular medications were assessed. After multiple imputation for missing values, mixed-effect multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed using patient and hospital characteristics with hospital identifier as a variable with random effects.

Results
Patients with schizophrenia were more likely to experience prolonged hospital stays, and incur higher hospitalization costs. In-hospital mortality for non-elderly patients with schizophrenia was significantly worse than for those without schizophrenia: the mortality rate was 7.6% vs 3.5% and the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.96 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24–3.10, P = 0.0037) in young adult patients; 6.2% vs 4.0% and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.17–1.88, P < 0.001) in middle-aged patients. Thirty-day in-hospital mortality was significantly worse in middle-aged patients: the mortality rate was 4.7% vs 3.0% and an adjusted OR was 1.40 (95% CI: 1.07–1.83, P = 0.012). In-hospital mortality in elderly patients did not differ between those with and without schizophrenia. Prescriptions of beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers were significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia across all age groups.

Conclusion
Schizophrenia was identified as a risk factor for in-hospital mortality and reduced prescription of cardioprotective medications in non-elderly patients hospitalized with HF. These findings highlight the necessity for differentiated care and management of HF in patients with severe mental illnesses.
Frontiers in Satellite‐Based Estimates of Cloud‐Mediated Aerosol Forcing
Authors: Rosenfeld Daniel , Kokhanovsky Alexander , Goren Tom , Gryspeerdt Edward , Hasekamp Otto , Jia Hailing , Lopatin Anton , Quaas Johannes , Pan Zengxin , Sourdeval Odran 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAtmospheric aerosols affect the Earth's climate in many ways, including acting as the seeds on which cloud droplets form. Since a large fraction of these particles is anthropogenic, the clouds' microphysical and radiative characteristics are influenced by human activity on a global scale leading to important climatic effects. The respective change in the energy budget at the top of the atmosphere is defined as the effective radiative forcing due to aerosol‐cloud interaction (ERFaci). It is estimated that the ERFaci offsets presently nearly 1/4 of the greenhouse‐induced warming, but the uncertainty is within a factor of two. A common method to calculate the ERFaci is by the multiplication of the susceptibility of the cloud radiative effect to changes in aerosols by the anthropogenic change of the aerosol concentration. This has to be done by integrating it over all cloud regimes. Here we review the various methods of the ERFaci estimation. Global measurements require satellites' global coverage. The challenge of quantifying aerosol amounts in cloudy atmospheres are met with the rapid development of novel methodologies reviewed here. The aerosol characteristics can be retrieved from space based on their optical properties, including polarization. The concentrations of the aerosols that serve as cloud drop condensation nuclei can be also estimated from their impact on the satellite‐retrieved cloud drop number concentrations. These observations are critical for reducing the uncertainty in the ERFaci calculated from global climate models (GCMs), but further development is required to allow GCMs to properly simulate and benefit these novel observables.
The Ethics of Volcano Geoengineering
Authors: Cassidy Michael , Sandberg Anders , Mani Lara 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVolcano geoengineering is the practice of altering the state of volcanic systems and/or volcanic eruptions to exploit them or mitigate their risk. Although many in the field insist there is little that can be done to mitigate the hazard, past examples of both intentional and inadvertent volcano interventions demonstrate that it is technically feasible to reach volcano plumbing systems or alter atmospheric processes following eruptions. Furthermore, we suggest that economical, political, and environmental pressures may make such interventions more common in the future. If volcano geoengineering ever becomes a discipline, it will need to overcome many safety and ethical concerns, including dealing with uncertainty, deciding on philosophical approaches such as a consequentialism or precautionary principle, justice and inequality, military uses, cultural values, and communication. We highlight that while volcano geoengineering has significant potential benefits, the risks and uncertainties are too great to justify its use in the short term. Despite this, because of the potential large benefits to society, we believe there is a strong ethical case to support research into the efficacy and safety of volcano geoengineering for its potential future use. We propose that rigorous governance and regulation of any volcano geoengineering is required to protect against potential risks, to enable potentially valuable and publicly available research (e.g., quantification of efficacy and safety), to ensure that any future policy must be co‐created through community engagement, and that volcano geoengineering should only be considered as part of larger mitigation practices.
Computing Geographical Networks Generated by Air‐Mass Movement
Authors: Richard H. , Martinetti D. , Lercier D. , Fouillat Y. , Hadi B. , Elkahky M. , Ding J. , Michel L. , Morris C. E. , Berthier K. , Maupas F. , Soubeyrand S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs air masses move within the troposphere, they transport a multitude of components including gases and particles such as pollen and microorganisms. These movements generate atmospheric highways that connect geographic areas at distant, local, and global scales that particles can ride depending on their aerodynamic properties and their reaction to environmental conditions. In this article we present an approach and an accompanying web application called tropolink for measuring the extent to which distant locations are potentially connected by air‐mass movement. This approach is based on the computation of trajectories of air masses with the HYSPLIT atmospheric transport and dispersion model, and on the computation of connection frequencies, called connectivities, in the purpose of building trajectory‐based geographical networks. It is illustrated for different spatial and temporal scales with three case studies related to plant epidemiology. The web application that we designed allows the user to easily perform intensive computation and mobilize massive archived gridded meteorological data to build weighted directed networks. The analysis of such networks allowed us for example, to describe the potential of invasion of a migratory pest beyond its actual distribution. Our approach could also be used to compute geographical networks generated by air‐mass movement for diverse application domains, for example, to assess long‐term risk of spread from persistent or recurrent sources of pollutants, including wildfire smoke.
Effect of an Open Central American Seaway on Ocean Circulation and the Oxygen Minimum Zone in the Tropical Pacific From Model Simulations
Authors: Khon V. C. , Hoogakker B. A. A. , Schneider B. , Segschneider J. , Park W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe tectonic closure of the Central American Seaway (CAS) during the mid‐Miocene to mid‐Pliocene (∼16–3 Ma BP) is thought of as a key interval for the onset of the present‐day tropical Pacific oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). In this study we investigate the impact of an open CAS on the ocean circulation and the OMZ in the tropical Pacific. We perform a series of sensitivity experiments with the Kiel Climate Model, where we vary the CAS sill depth from shallow to deep. We find that the eastern tropical Pacific OMZ was less developed during the period of an open CAS. This is driven mainly by an enhanced eastward subsurface current that facilitated an increased oxygen supply from the western tropical Pacific. In addition, a small decrease in net marine primary production and subsequent weaker export of particulate organic carbon induced less subsurface oxygen consumption in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific.
The Influence of Southeastern South American Rainfall on Weather Patterns Over the Tropical Atlantic, Northwestern Africa and Western Europe
Authors: Zhao Siyu , Fu Rong , Wang Hui , Jin Fei‐Fei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDuring boreal winter (December–February), the South American monsoon system (SAMS) reaches its annual maximum when upper‐tropospheric westerly winds prevail over the equatorial Atlantic. Atmospheric dynamic model simulations suggest that Rossby waves generated over South America can propagate to and potentially influence weather patterns in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). However, observational evidence has been absent previously. Here we focus on southeastern South American (SESA) precipitation anomalies, which can characterize intraseasonal rainfall variability of the SAMS. Since tropical “westerly duct” and convective heating are important factors for cross‐equatorial propagation of Rossby wave (CEPRW), we identify two groups of events based on the two factors. By comparing the events associated with both SESA rainfall and tropical westerlies to the events associated with tropical westerlies only, we find that an anomalous Rossby wave train is triggered by precipitation anomalies over SESA, propagates in the southwest–northeast direction, and subsequently crosses the equator. Over a period of 4 days, near‐surface temperature over northwestern Africa and western Europe becomes warmer, accompanied by increased surface downward longwave radiation and precipitable water. The equatorward propagating Eliassen–Palm flux anomalies originated from SESA support the evidence of CEPRW. Simulations using a time‐dependent linear barotropic model forced by prescribed divergence anomalies over SESA further confirm that SESA rainfall can influence the NH weather patterns through CEPRW. Knowledge of this study will help us better understand and model interhemispheric teleconnections over the American–Atlantic–African/European sector.
Slopes of Lunar Crater Size‐Frequency Distributions at Copernican‐Aged Craters
Authors: Oetting A. , Schmedemann N. , Hiesinger H. , van der Bogert C. H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCraters on the lunar surface can provide valuable information about the timing and sequence of surface‐forming processes on the Moon. A commonly used method for age determination is the analysis of the crater size‐frequency distribution (CSFD) to which a production function (PF) is fitted that represents the size‐frequency distribution of the impactors. However, the commonly used PF of Neukum (1983) is valid for crater diameters between 10 m and 300 km. Neukum et al. (2001, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1035-0_3) revised the PF for crater diameters of 100 m–200 km. However, it is suggested to also be valid for the diameter range of 10 m–300 km as well. To assess whether we can extend a PF to craters ≤10 m in diameter, we investigated the slopes of the CSFDs of small craters formed on ejecta of young Copernican‐aged craters Giordano Bruno, Moore F, North Ray, and South Ray. A PF for smaller diameters would allow dating of young geological units, which are typically small, and would reduce the statistical error in age determinations, since smaller craters are more abundant. However, small craters are strongly influenced by geological factors, such as target properties, crater degradation, and secondary craters. For craters between 10 and 20 m we obtain a steeper CSFD slope than Neukum's proposed −3 slope (cumulative), whereas for craters ≤10 m the slope is about −3. We conclude that the PF of Neukum (1983) provides a reasonable CSFD slope for smaller craters, although it was not developed for this crater diameter range.
Anthropogenic Perturbations Change the Quality and Quantity of Terrestrial Carbon Flux to the Coastal Ocean
Authors: Wei Bingbing , Mollenhauer Gesine , Kusch Stephanie , Hefter Jens , Grotheer Hendrik , Schefuß Enno , Geibert Walter , Ransby Daniela , Jia Guodong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHuman activities have increasingly changed terrestrial particulate organic carbon (POC) export to the coastal ocean since the Industrial Age (19th century). However, the influence of human perturbations on the composition and flux of terrestrial biospheric and petrogenic POC sub‐pools remains poorly constrained. Here, we examined 13C and 14C compositions of bulk POC and source‐specific biomarkers (fatty acids, FA) from two nearshore sediment cores collected in the Pearl River‐derived mudbelt, to determine the impacts of human perturbations of the Pearl River watershed on the burial of terrestrial POC in the coastal ocean over the last century. Our results show that although agricultural practices and deforestation during the 1930s–1950s increased C4 plant coverage in the watershed, the export fluxes of terrestrial biospheric and petrogenic POC remained rather unchanged; however, added perturbations since 1974, including increasing coal consumption, embankment and dam constructions caused massive export of both petrogenic POC and relatively fresh terrestrial biospheric POC from the river delta. Our data reveal that human activities substantially enhance the transfer of petrogenic POC and fresh biospheric POC to the coastal ocean after ca. 1974, with the latter process acting as an important sink for anthropogenic CO2.
Tropical Cyclones and Equatorial Waves in a Convection‐Permitting Aquaplanet Simulation With Off‐Equatorial SST Maximum
Authors: Rios‐Berrios Rosimar , Davis Christopher A. , Martinez Jonathan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTropical weather phenomena—including tropical cyclones (TCs) and equatorial waves—are influenced by planetary‐to‐convective‐scale processes; yet, existing data sets and tools can only capture a subset of those processes. This study introduces a convection‐permitting aquaplanet simulation that can be used as a laboratory to study TCs, equatorial waves, and their interactions. The simulation was produced with the Model for Prediction Across Scales‐Atmosphere (MPAS‐A) using a variable resolution mesh with convection‐permitting resolution (i.e., 3‐km cell spacing) between 10°S and 30°N. The underlying sea‐surface temperature is given by a zonally symmetric profile with a peak at 10°N, which allows for the formation of TCs. A comparison between the simulation and satellite, reanalysis, and airborne dropsonde data is presented to determine the realism of the simulated phenomena. The simulation captures a realistic TC intensity distribution, including major hurricanes, but their lifetime maximum intensities may be limited by the stronger vertical wind shear in the simulation compared to the observed tropical Pacific region. The simulation also captures convectively coupled equatorial waves, including Kelvin waves and easterly waves. Despite the idealization of the aquaplanet setup, the simulated three‐dimensional structure of both groups of waves is consistent with their observed structure as deduced from satellite and reanalysis data. Easterly waves, however, have peak rotation and meridional winds at a slightly higher altitude than in the reanalysis. Future studies may use this simulation to understand how convectively coupled equatorial waves influence the multi‐scale processes leading to tropical cyclogenesis.
MLL1 inhibits the neurogenic potential of SCAPs by interacting with WDR5 and repressing HES1
Authors: Zhang Chen , Ye Weilong , Zhao Mengyao , Long Lujue , Xia Dengsheng , Fan Zhipeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has emerged as a promising treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI), but improving the neurogenic potential of MSCs remains a challenge. Mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1), an H3K4me3 methyltransferases, plays a critical role in regulating lineage-specific gene expression and influences neurogenesis. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of MLL1 in the neurogenesis of stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs). We examined the expression of neural markers, and the nerve repair and regeneration ability of SCAPs using dynamic changes in neuron-like cells, immunofluorescence staining, and a SCI model. We employed a coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay, real-time RT-PCR, microarray analysis, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay to investigate the molecular mechanism. The results showed that MLL1 knock-down increased the expression of neural markers, including neurogenic differentiation factor (NeuroD), neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), βIII-tubulin and Nestin, and promoted neuron-like cell formation in SCAPs. In vivo, a transplantation experiment showed that depletion of MLL 1 in SCAPs can restore motor function in a rat SCI model. MLL1 can combine with WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) and WDR5 inhibit the expression of neural markers in SCAPs. MLL1 regulates Hairy and enhancer of split 1 (HES1) expression by directly binds to HES1 promoters via regulating H3K4me3 methylation by interacting with WDR5. Additionally, HES1 enhances the expression of neural markers in SCAPs. Our findings demonstrate that MLL1 inhibits the neurogenic potential of SCAPs by interacting with WDR5 and repressing HES1. These results provide a potential therapeutic target for promoting the recovery of motor function in SCI patients.
Cyst fluid glycoproteins accurately distinguishing malignancies of pancreatic cystic neoplasm
Authors: Cui Ming , Hu Ya , Zhang Zejian , Chen Tianqi , Dai Menghua , Xu Qiang , Guo Junchao , Zhang Taiping , Liao Quan , Yu Jun , Zhao Yupei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs) are recognized as precursor lesions of pancreatic cancer, with a marked increase in prevalence. Early detection of malignant PCNs is crucial for improving prognosis; however, current diagnostic methods are insufficient for accurately identifying malignant PCNs. Here, we utilized mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycosite- and glycoform-specific glycoproteomics, combined with proteomics, to explore potential cyst fluid diagnostic biomarkers for PCN. The glycoproteomic and proteomic landscape of pancreatic cyst fluid samples from PCN patients was comprehensively investigated, and its characteristics during the malignant transformation of PCN were analyzed. Under the criteria of screening specific cyst fluid biomarkers for the diagnosis of PCN, a group of cyst fluid glycoprotein biomarkers was identified. Through parallel reaction monitoring (PRM)-based targeted glycoproteomic analysis, we validated these chosen glycoprotein biomarkers in a second cohort, ultimately confirming N-glycosylated PHKB (Asn-935, H5N2F0S0; Asn-935, H4N4F0S0; Asn-935, H5N4F0S0), CEACAM5 (Asn-197, H5N4F0S0) and ATP6V0A4 (Asn-367, H6N4F0S0) as promising diagnostic biomarkers for distinguishing malignant PCNs. These glycoprotein biomarkers exhibited robust performance, with an area under the curve ranging from 0.771 to 0.948. In conclusion, we successfully established and conducted MS-based glycoproteomic analysis to identify novel cyst fluid glycoprotein biomarkers for PCN. These findings hold significant clinical implications, providing valuable insights for PCN decision-making, and potentially offering therapeutic targets for PCN treatment.
Association of polygenic risk for bipolar disorder with grey matter structure and white matter integrity in youth
Authors: Jiang Xinyue , Zai Clement C. , Kennedy Kody G. , Zou Yi , Nikolova Yuliya S. , Felsky Daniel , Young L. Trevor , MacIntosh Bradley J. , Goldstein Benjamin I. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere is a gap in knowledge regarding the polygenic underpinnings of brain anomalies observed in youth bipolar disorder (BD). This study examined the association of a polygenic risk score for BD (BD-PRS) with grey matter structure and white matter integrity in youth with and without BD. 113 participants were included in the analyses, including 78 participants with both T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI images, 32 participants with T1-weighted images only, and 3 participants with diffusion-weighted images only. BD-PRS was calculated using PRS-CS-auto and was based on independent adult genome-wide summary statistics. Vertex- and voxel-wise analyses examined the associations of BD-PRS with grey matter metrics (cortical volume [CV], cortical surface area [CSA], cortical thickness [CTh]) and fractional anisotropy [FA] in the combined sample, and separately in BD and HC. In the combined sample of participants with T1-weighted images (n = 110, 66 BD, 44 HC), higher BD-PRS was associated with smaller grey matter metrics in frontal and temporal regions. In within-group analyses, higher BD-PRS was associated with lower CTh of frontal, temporal, and fusiform gyrus in BD, and with lower CV and CSA of superior frontal gyrus in HC. In the combined sample of participants with diffusion-weighted images (n = 81, 49 BD, 32 HC), higher BD-PRS was associated with lower FA in widespread white matter regions. In summary, BD-PRS calculated based on adult genetic data was negatively associated with grey matter structure and FA in youth in regions implicated in BD, which may suggest neuroimaging markers of vulnerability to BD. Future longitudinal studies are needed to examine whether BD-PRS predicts neurodevelopmental changes in BD vs. HC and its interaction with course of illness and long-term medication use.
The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate in autophagy and related disorders
Authors: Xiao Siqi , Peng Kaixin , Li Congxin , Long Yuanyuan , Yu Qin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractS1P, also referred to as sphingosine-1-phosphate, is a lipid molecule with bioactive properties involved in numerous cellular processes such as cell growth, movement, programmed cell death, self-degradation, cell specialization, aging, and immune system reactions. Autophagy is a meticulously controlled mechanism in which cells repurpose their elements to maintain cellular balance. There are five stages in autophagy: initiation, nucleation, elongation and maturation, fusion, and degradation. New research has provided insight into the complex connection between S1P and autophagy, uncovering their interaction in both normal and abnormal circumstances. Gaining knowledge about the regulatory mechanism of S1P signaling on autophagy can offer a valuable understanding of its function in well-being and illness, potentially leading to innovative therapeutic concepts for diverse ailments. Hence, this review analyzes the essential stages in mammalian autophagy, with a specific emphasis on recent research exploring the control of each stage by S1P. Additionally, it sheds light on the roles of S1P-induced autophagy in various disorders.