bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virginia
Authors: Emblidge David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Punch Bowl Shelter, George Washington National Forest, Virginia. Trail miles: 544.6 (including about 21.5 miles on West Virginia border) or about 25% of the entire AT, the longest section of the AT all in one state Trail maintenance: Mt. Rogers AT Club, Virginia Tech Outing Club, Roanoke AT Club, Kanawha Trail Club, Natural Bridge AT Club, Tidewater AT Club, Potomac AT Club Highest point: Mt. Rogers, 5,729 ft. (trail bypasses summit) Broadest river: James Features: Enormous wilderness areas and high peaks. Famous rhododendron and azalea displays in the wilds of Mt. Rogers region (southwest Virginia). McAfee Knob (3,201 ft.), perhaps the most photogenic rock outcropping on the AT.
Maryland
Authors: Emblidge David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Painting an AT trail blaze near Black Rock, Maryland. Trail miles: 39.8, the second-shortest distance on the AT Trail maintenance: Potomac AT Club Highest point: Near High Rock, 1,880 ft. (Washington County) Broadest river: Potomac, crossable on 600-ft.-long Goodloe Byron Pedestrian Walkway Features: Largely a ridge walk at about 1,300 ft., through an area of intense Civil War historic interest.
New Jersey
Authors: Emblidge David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Delaware Water Gap, the Pennsylvania-New Jersey border. Trail miles: 74 Trail maintenance: New York-New Jersey Trail Conference Highest point: High Point, 1,803 ft. Broadest river: Delaware Features: Moderately challenging ridge hiking on Kittatinny Ridge at about 1,100-1,400 ft.; the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area at the Pennsylvania border.
Maine
Authors: Emblidge David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The end and the beginning: atop foggy, mile-high Katahdin, Baxter State Park, Maine. Trail miles: 281.4 Trail maintenance: Appalachian Mountain Club, Maine AT Club Highest point: Mt. Katahdin, 5,267 ft. (Baxter Peak) Broadest river: Kennebec, dangerous to ford, crossable by ferry (provided in season by Appalachian Trail Conference and Maine AT Club) Features: Northern terminus of AT, 2,150+ miles from Springer Mt., Georgia. Western section begins with the Mahoosucs, known as the toughest, bedeviling narrow, rocky climb on the AT, then continues with several steep 4,000-ft. mountains, including Saddleback (4,116 ft.), which the AT climbs, and Sugarloaf (4,237 ft.), which the trail skirts. Northernmost section, from Monson to Mt. Katahdin, offers 100+ miles of isolated, roadless travel.
Introduction
Authors: Siker Jeffrey S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My goal in this book is to bring together two significant aspects of biblical interpretation: the history of biblical interpretation and the appropriation of the Bible for Christian ethics. In both instances my focus is on the twentieth century, particularly on how the Bible has been used in constructing Christian theological ethics. Although many books and articles have been written describing how the Bible should be used in Christian theological ethics, very little research has been done on how the Bible actually has been used in the work of twentieth-century Christian theological ethicists. (The work that has been done comes almost exclusively from those with primary formal training in Christian theological ethics rather than from those whose primary formal training is in biblical studies.) Further, although many studies have examined the ethics of Scripture, that is, the various moral visions and moral worlds of the different biblical writers, relatively little work has been devoted to what might be called the scriptures of ethics-namely, an assessment of construals of the Bible for contemporary theological ethics.
Reinhold Niebuhr
Authors: Siker Jeffrey S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On 8 March 1948, Reinhold Niebuhr (1892-1971) appeared on the cover of Time magazine, its twenty-fifth anniversary issue. The article inside referred to Reinhold Niebuhr as the number one theologian in America, a statement that could find little dispute in the 1940s. Niebuhr’s powerful writings together with memories of his personal presence have continued to exercise considerable influence on theological and ethical discussions to the present time. His legacy has been enormous. One indication of his influence can be seen from the number of volumes on Niebuhr that have appeared from the 1950s through the 1980s and into the 1990s. There is, however, a surprising and significant lacuna in the many studies on Reinhold Niebuhr’s theology and ethics: his use of Scripture. To a large degree Niebuhr grounded his theology and ethics in Scripture, and yet the relationship between his use of Scripture and his theological ethics has received almost no attention, despite renewed interest in the use of Scripture in Christian ethics. Since Reinhold Niebuhr and his brand of Christian realism have made such a significant mark on contemporary Christian theologians and ethicists, it is important to be aware of how he used Scripture. Indeed, commenting on the enduring influence of Niebuhr’s approach to Scripture, Michael Cartwright has observed that “scholars in the field of Christian ethics have rarely noted the extent of Niebuhr’s influence with respect to the use of Scripture in Christian ethics.... Christian ethicists writing after Niebuhr may not even realize how much they have been influenced by his use of Scripture.” Here I seek to describe and assess Niebuhr’s use of the Bible in his theological ethics.
Bernard Häring
Authors: Siker Jeffrey S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bemard Haring, C.SS.R., a Redemptorist priest (b. 1912), is generally considered to be one of the most significant (and arguably the most significant) Roman Catholic moral theologians of the twentieth century. The reasons for this appraisal are not difficult to see. During the early 1950s well before Vatican II was convened, Haring had already moved in a sharply different direction from the manual tradition in moral theology that had endured for over three hundred years. Indeed, most scholars consider his three-volume work The Law of Christ, first published in 1954, to have been pivotal for the renewal of moral theology during the generation following Vatican II. In many ways, this book already initiated changes that Vatican II sought to bring about a decade later. Twenty-five years after the appearance of The Law of Christ, Haring published another monumental three-volume work, Free and Faithful in Christ (1978-81), which sought to address significantly different situations in the Roman Catholic church after Vatican II, in theological ethics, and in the general world scene.
Gustavo Gutierrez
Authors: Siker Jeffrey S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gustavo Gutierrez is widely recognized as the preeminent foundational figure of the Latin American liberation theology movement. The task of theology, to use Gutierrez’s classic definition, is “critical reflection on Christian praxis in light of the word of God.” For Gutierrez, the Bible is the “word of God” that provides a fundamental orientation for all Christian action and reflection, and as such the Bible is indispensable for Christians as a source of revelation about God and humanity. Given the central place that Gutierrez assigns to reflection on the Bible, it is somewhat surprising that so little attention has been directed at Gutierrez’s use(s) of the Bible. Various treatments of his work make reference to the significance of the Bible, and especially to reading the Bible from the perspective of the poor, but I have not found any extended analysis of his use(s) of the Bible. The present chapter is an attempt to address this lacuna. When we consider how Gutierrez employs Scripture, it is important to be aware that his approach to the Bible results from and responds to the traditional understanding he initially received as a student, namely, pre-Vatican II progressive European Roman Catholicism. Gutierrez received his formal training at two of Europe’s most prestigious and influential Roman Catholic universities: the University of Louvain (1951-55), and the Catholic Institute of Lyons (1955- 59).5 However, this traditional understanding underwent radical transformation when it came up against Gutierrez’s experiences as a priest in Lima in the early to late 1960s.
Conclusion
Authors: Siker Jeffrey S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is difficult to draw neat conclusions at the end of this study. The temptation is to look back on the uses and construals of Scripture by the different authors surveyed and to derive various “lessons” from their respective uses of Scripture. I intend to resist this temptation, however, as much as possible. One of my goals in this book has been to provide thickly descriptive analyses of how Scripture has been used and interpreted in the theology and ethics of some of the most prominent and influential Christian theologians of the twentieth century. I therefore want to avoid reductionistic characterizations, and I am concerned that deriving certain lessons from this undertaking might undercut the larger purpose of the project. I am convinced that we need to pay more attention to the actual practices of biblical interpretation as these are carried out in constructive theology and ethics. To this end, I have concentrated on concrete and specific uses of discrete biblical materials. I certainly hope that this study contributes to a better understanding of the constructive work of the eight figures that have been the subject of the study. Beyond this, however, I hope that this study points to some of the larger questions and issues associated with appeals to the Bible in theology and ethics. By way of summary, I will use one focal passage (the Sermon on the Mount) to provide a brief comparative overview of the various approaches to Scripture presented above.
A Jewish Rule Of Wisdom
Authors: Wattles Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the Jewish literature of the Second Temple period, the golden rule arose during the second century B.C.E., and it quickly advanced from a marginal position to one among the central religious teachings. Indeed, its rise provides a case study showing the very sense of what a moral principle is traditionally understood to be. This chapter explores a segment of the history of Jewish ethics culminating with Rabbi Hillel, who flourished between B.C.E. and Io.C.E. Upon being asked for a summary of the Torah, he replied, “What is hateful to you, do not do to your neighbor; that is the whole Torah, while the rest is commentary thereon; go and learn it”
To seek the origins of the golden rule in Judaism leads to the root of Judaism itself, the affirmation of God as the Creator of the heavens and the earth, who proposed, “Let us make man in our image,” the God who made a covenant with Abraham, and who, through the leadership of Moses, brought the Hebrews out of bondage and gave them the Torah, including the Ten Commandments, for the guidance of his people. The golden rule will emerge as a summary of the Torah only after centuries during which isolated examples of golden rule thinking would arise, momentarily and unsystematically. In the simplest sense, golden rule thinking may here be characterized as recognizing moral implications in the fact that others are like one self.
Maps
Authors: Booth Allyson 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the early part of the twentieth century, the perception of battlefields became increasingly problematic: they were difficult not only to see in their entirety but even to grasp conceptually. John Keegan has explained that by World War I, the expanded size of battlefields and increased range and volume of weapons had made it impossible for generals either “to be present ... at each successive point of crisis ... “ or “to survey ... the line of battle from the front rank.” Instead, “[T]he cloud of unknowing which descended on a First World War battlefield at zero hour was accepted as one of its hazards by contemporary generals.” A spatial and intellectual shift away from a deadly rain of observable fire and toward a safe, housed “cloud of unknowing,” Keegan explains, meant that “[t]he main work of the general ... had now to be done in his office, before the battle began” (265). Major General J. F. C. Fuller described the situation in similar terms, writing about “the amazing unconscious change which rose out of the Franco-Prussian War, and which in a few years obliterated true general ship, dehumanizing and despiritualizing the general until he was turned into an office soldier” (51).
Examination of Fire and Fuel
Authors: Garfield Jay L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If fuel were fire Then agent and action would be one. If fire were different from fuel, Then it could arise without fuel. It would be forever aflame; Flames could be ignited without a cause. Its beginning would be meaningless. In that case, it would be without any action. Since it would not depend on another Ignition would be without a cause. If it were eternally in flames, Starting it would be meaningless.
Examination of Bondage
Authors: Garfield Jay L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If compounded phenomena transmigrate, They do not transmigrate as permanent. If they are impermanent they do not transmigrate. The same approach applies to sentient beings. If someone transmigrates, Then if, when sought in the fivefold way In the aggregates and in the sense spheres and in the elements, He is not there, what transmigrates? If one transmigrates from grasping to grasping, then One would be nonexistent.
Examination of Nirvāna
Authors: Garfield Jay L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If all this is empty, Then there is no arising or passing away. By the relinquishing or ceasing of what Does one wish nirviiQa to arise? If all this is nonempty, Then there is no arising or passing away. By the relinquishing or ceasing of what Does one wish nirviiQa to arise? Unrelinquished, unattained, Unannihilated, not permanent, Unarisen, unceased: This is how nirviiQa is described.
Examination of the Twelve Links
Authors: Garfield Jay L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Wrapped in the darkness of ignorance, One performs the three kinds of actions Which as dispositions impel one To continue to future existences. Having dispositions as its conditions, Consciousness enters transmigration. Once consciousness has entered transmigration, Name and form come to be. Once name and form come to be, The six sense spheres come into being. Depending on the six sense spheres, Contact comes into being.
Reconstructing “Real” Women From Gospel Literature
Authors: D’Angelo Mary Rose 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among the most striking and successful results of feminist reinterpretation has been the remaking of Mary Magdalene. The image of Mary as a prostitute converted to spiritual devotion to Jesus and expending the years after his death in mourning and penitential practice provided centuries of pious exhortation and artistic representation. This image appears to have arisen in the sixth century, when the example of penitent whores became fashionable in the West, producing legendary lives of Pelagia, Thais and Mary of Egypt. It was instantiated in the Western liturgy for her festival (July 22), whose gospel reading identified Mary with an unnamed woman sinner “in the city” who expressed penitence and love by washing Jesus’ feet with her tears and wiping them with her hair (Luke 7:36–50).
Women, Gender, and Gnosis In Gnostic Texts and Traditions
Authors: McGuire Anne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Female characters figure so prominently in gnostic texts and traditions that many have asked whether women played similarly significant roles in ancient gnostic communities. Unfortunately, the relation between the mythic worlds of Sophia, Barbelo, Eve, and Norea and the social worlds of real “gnostic” women is not clear, and the task of reconstructing the social roles of women in “gnosticism” remains one of the most challenging in the study of ancient Mediterranean religions. Difficulties arise in part from the problem of defining “gnosticism” and related terms, but even more serious problems of evaluation, interpretation, and analysis face those who would evaluate, interpret, and analyze the evidence for this complex and esoteric religious phenomenon of the ancient world.
The Methodist Itinerant
Authors: Wigger John H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1855 the historian Philip Schaff wrote that the emergence of Methodism was almost as important a step in the development of Protestantism as the Puritan revolution of the seventeenth century. Though Schaff had little sympathy for the popular nature of American Methodism’s early phase, he was a keen observer who could not help but ac knowledge some of the factors that led to the movement’s vitality and growth. Schaff, like so many commentators before and since, was particularly impressed by the effectiveness of the Methodist preachers. What Methodist preachers lacked in higher education they made up for with “a decided aptness for popu lar discourse and exhortation,” and by “fidelity and self-denial.” Added Schaff: “They are particularly fitted for breaking the way in new regions . . . and for laboring among the lower classes of the people.” Predominantly young, single minded, and remarkably dedicated, Methodist itinerants forever changed the appearance and tone of American religion. In short, they were a different kind of clergy than had ever been seen before in America.
Crafting a Program
Authors: Skogan Wesley G , Hartnett Susan M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was a propitious moment for addressing change in the Chicago department, for the incumbent superintendent of police had reached an age at which he could gracefully be retired. The superintendent had been selected several years earlier by a reform minded mayor, in a decision that was considered surprising at the time. He was a tough and bluff “old school” cop. It was rumored that this had caught the then-mayor’s eye, in contrast to other final candidates for the position, who had espoused a more sophisticated management line. Once in office, it was apparent that the superintendent liked the department just the way it was, with himself in charge. So he proved actively hostile to the idea of community policing, and to City Hall concerns about efficiency and responsiveness. He hoped to be retained as superintendent by the new mayor, but City Hall was counting the days until he could be replaced by invoking the department’s retirement rule.
The Program in Action
Authors: Skogan Wesley G , Hartnett Susan M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the program in action. First, it looks at how the service-delivery component of CAPS actually worked. By the 1990s, local officials had absorbed the idea that crime—and especially fear of crime—was intimately linked to both casual social disorder and the physical decay of the city’s neighborhoods. They were therefore not surprised when our first survey found that building abandonment was among the most bothersome problems in high-crime Englewood; the district commander already had a list of more than 600 abandoned buildings in his desk drawer. Like researchers (Spelman, 1993), he knew that they were a haven for drug dealers, purse snatchers, prostitutes, and squatters; that they presented a constant threat of fire; and that they were a nagging eyesore that undermined the commitment of property owners who were struggling to maintain their own buildings. Policymakers also knew that the public, when given the opportunity to speak out, would queue up to demand that something be done about neighborhood disorder as well as about crime. They created a vehicle for responding—the CAPS service request—and handed it over to the police department to make it work.
Sparks in Exile
Authors: Sherwin Byron L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My visit to Poland in 1990 was in response to an invitation from the Polish Episcopate’s Commission on Dialogue with Judaism. The previous summer, at the invitation of the Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago, twenty-two Christian seminary professors from Poland had come to Chicago to study Judaica. Catholic priests from Poland studying Judaica at an institution of higher Jewish learning, at our institution, Spertus Institute of Jewish Studies, was something that never had been done before in the United States, or in Poland—especially in Poland, though Jews and Christians had lived there side-by-side for a millennium. I had been assigned not only to help design a curriculum and to serve as the chief instructor for this program, but to devise a way to try to overcome layers of prejudices and stereotypes that had developed between Poles and Jews.
Anatomy of an Ideology
Authors: Farber Daniel A , Sherry Suzanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If there is any central message of radical multiculturalism, that message is, “It’s all politics.” Merit, law, and truth are exercises of power by one group over another. This is supposed to be a slogan of liberation-all the apparent barriers to our heart’s desire can be over­ turned, for what lives by power can die by revolution. We have seen, however, that this form of politicization has some unhappy consequences. If merit is an exercise of power, a certain kind of racism-that directed against successful minorities like Jews and Asians-becomes excusable. Discourse becomes a political battle over the authority to speak as a group representative and an effort to silence opposition. And truth is defined by political utility. Despite its promise of liberation, the ideology of radical multiculturalism contains menacing shadows.
Selected Fiction and Drama of Eliza Haywood
Authors: Haywood Eliza 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This exciting edition gathers together for the first time a sampling of Haywood's writings generous enough to represent the full range of her fiction and drama and includes material from each decade of her long writing life. All texts come back into print here and here alone. The collection features six fictions, including both racy early work and later experimental prose fiction, two plays, and some powerful political writing.
The creation story in genesis, ch. 1:1-2:4a
Authors: Brichto Herbert Chanan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The appreciation in modem scholarship of the biblical creation story is dependent, to a degree that can hardly be exaggerated, on our possession of the Mesopotamian creation traditions, particularly the Babylonia Creation Epic. To pick a single striking ex ample: How does the Genesis creation pericope begin, and how and where does it end? The how of the beginning is, of course, whether the Hebrew words constitute an independent clause (“In the beginning God created”) or a dependent clause (“When God began to create”).
Alone Together
Authors: Regan Milton C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Contemporary marriage involves complex notions of both connection and freedom. On the one hand, spouses are members of a shared community, while on the other they are discrete individuals with their own distinct interests. Alone Together explores the ways in which law seeks to accommodate tensions between commitment and freedom in marriage. Author Milton Regan suggests that only close attention to context can guide us in deciding what weight to assign to each dimension of spousal identity in a given setting. This interdisciplinary work has relevance to family law, family studies, feminist legal theory, and the debate between liberal and communitarian social theorists.