bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of immobilized recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2/succinylated type I atelocollagen on cellular activity of ST2 cells
Authors: Tsujigiwa Hidetsugu , Nagatsuka Hitoshi , Gunduz Mehmet , Rodriguez Andrea , Rivera Rosario S. , LeGeros Racquel Z. , Inoue Miho , Nagai Noriyuki 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) to induce ectopic bone formation requires a carrier. Type I atelocollagen, a biomaterial with a porous structure, excellent operational features, and biocompatibility, is an effective carrier for rhBMP‐2. However, the conventionally used lyophilized rhBMP‐2/collagen mixture does not necessarily give adequate bone‐induction effect. In the present study, we examined the effect of immobilizing rhBMP‐2 to type I atelocollagen on the cellular activity of ST2 cells. The following results were obtained: (1) rhBMP‐2 was effectively immobilized to succinylated type I atelocollagen, indicating the usefulness of succinylated type I atelocollagen in immobilization; (2) studies of alkaline phosphatase activity confirmed the effectiveness of rhBMP‐2 immobilized on succinylated atelocollagen in augmenting cellular activity. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Pulmonary inflammation caused by chitosan microparticles
Authors: Huang Y. C. , Vieira A. , Huang K. L. , Yeh M. K. , Chiang C. H. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractChitosan is a cationic biopolymer derived from chitin with potential therapeutic applications such as controlled drug delivery to mucosal‐epithelial surfaces in the body. Inhaled chitosan microparticles (CM), for example, are of potential interest in pulmonary pharmacotherapy. In this context, we examine some basic reactions of lung tissue to CM. Inhaled CM (2–10 mg/kg of particles) induce dose‐dependent proinflammatory effects in rat lungs; these effects are documented in increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein (BALF‐P) and lactate dehydrogenease activity (BALF‐LDH) and increases in lung tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and leukocyte migration. Overall, the biochemical parameters (i.e., average of BALF‐P, BALF‐DH, and MPO) indicate that the inflammation response is 1.8‐fold greater than controls without CM; the same inflammation parameters, however, are 1.9‐fold lower with CM compared with the proinflammatory effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cytological examination of BALF shows a large infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils to lung tissue: more than a sixfold increase in this population of inflammatory cells, after inhalation of CM relative to air inhalation controls. Thus, the results indicate that inhaled CM can have significant proinflammatory effects on lung tissues; these effects are mild relative to LPS but need to be considered in the context of therapeutic applications via pulmonary delivery if such concentrations of CM are used. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Pervaporation of tertiary butanol/water mixtures through chitosan membranes cross‐linked with toluylene diisocyanate
Authors: Biduru Smitha , Sridhar Sundergopal , Suryanarayana Murthy G , Mayor Satyajai 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMembranes made from 84% deacetylated chitosan biopolymer were cross‐linked by a novel method using 2,4‐toluylene diisocyanate (TDI) and tested for the separation of t‐butanol/water mixtures by pervaporation. The unmodified and cross‐linked membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies and sorption studies in order to understand the polymer–liquid interactions and separation mechanisms. Thermal stability was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) while tensile strength measurement was carried out to assess mechanical strength. The membrane appears to have good potential for breaking the aqueous azeotrope of 88.2 wt% t‐butanol by giving a high selectivity of 620 and substantial water flux (0.38 kg m−2 hr−1). The effects of operating parameters such as feed composition, membrane thickness and permeate pressure on membrane performance were evaluated. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterisation of Blends Based on Hydroxyethylcellulose and Maleic Acid‐alt‐Methyl Vinyl Ether
Authors: Khutoryanskaya Olga V. , Khutoryanskiy Vitaliy V. , Pethrick Richard A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSummary: Hydrophilic polymeric films based on blends of hydroxyethylcellulose and maleic acid‐co‐methyl vinyl ether were produced by casting from aqueous solutions. The physicochemical properties of the blends have been assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, dielectric spectroscopy, etc. The pristine films exhibit complete miscibility due to the formation of intermacromolecular hydrogen bonding. The thermal treatment of the blend films leads to cross‐linking via intermacromolecular esterification and anhydride formation. The cross‐linked materials are able to swell in water and their swelling degree can be easily controlled by temperature and thermal treatment time. The formation of the crosslinks is apparent in the dynamic properties of the blends as observed through the mechanical relaxation and dielectric relaxation spectra. The dielectric characteristics of the material are influenced by the effects of change in the local structure of the blend on the ionic conduction processes and the rate of dipolar relaxation. Separation of these processes is attempted using the dielectric modulus method. Significant deviations from a simple additive rule of mixing on the activation energy are observed consistent with hydrogen bonding and crosslinking of the matrix. This paper indicates a method for the creation of films with good mechanical and physical characteristics by exposing the blends to a relatively mild thermal treatment.Scheme of hydrogen bonding between hydroxyethylcellulose and maleic acid‐co‐methyl vinyl ether.magnified imageScheme of hydrogen bonding between hydroxyethylcellulose and maleic acid‐co‐methyl vinyl ether.
Ordered Honeycomb‐Structured Films from Dendronized PMA‐b‐PEO Rod‐Coil Block Copolymers
Authors: Cheng Caixia , Tian Ye , Shi Yanqiao , Tang Rupei , Xi Fu 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSummary: Fabrication of honeycomb‐patterned films from amphiphilic dendronized block copolymer (PEO113‐b‐PDMA82) by ‘on‐solid surface spreading’ and ‘on‐water spreading’ method is reported. Highly ordered honeycomb films with quasi‐horizontally paralleled double‐layered structure can be fabricated by the on‐solid surface spreading method. This work raises the possibility that such structures can be formed in amphiphilic dendronized block copolymers and extends the family of source materials.
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Quantitative 1H NMR method for the routine spectroscopic determination of enantiomeric purity of active pharmaceutical ingredients fenfluramine, sertraline, and paroxetine
Authors: Salsbury Jonathon S. , Isbester Paul K. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractDetermining the enantiomeric purity of chiral therapeutic agents is important in the development of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). A strategy for determining the enantiomeric purity of three APIs was developed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and the chiral solvating agent (CSA) 1,1‐bi‐2‐naphthyl (1). While chiral chromatography is widely used to evaluate enantiomeric purity, it can sometimes suffer from tedious sample preparation obviating rapid measurements that are sometimes needed during the manufacture of such agents. The techniques described herein provide comparable enantiomeric purity results with those obtained with traditional chiral HPLC and other published methods for these compounds. Chiral analysis of standard samples of methylbenzylamine enantiomeric mixtures using 1 were found to be quantitative to approximately 1% minor enantiomer. Enantiomeric purity determination by NMR utilizing chiral solvating agents do not require special instrumental techniques, chemical derivatization or standards and is therefore ideally suited for rapid routine analysis. As a result, the technique demonstrated is commonly used in our laboratory as a complementary or alternative method to chiral HPLC or optical rotation measurements for routine determination of enantiomeric purity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Path‐generation of articulated mechanisms by shape and topology variations in non‐linear truss representation
Authors: Kawamoto A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThis paper presents studies on an optimization‐based method for path‐generation of articulated mechanisms. An extended truss ground‐structure approach is taken in which both the shape and topology of the truss are designed using cross‐sectional areas and nodal positions as design variables. This leads to a technique for simultaneous type and dimensional synthesis of articulated mechanisms. For the analysis part it is essential to control the mechanism configuration so that the mechanism remains within a given configuration space, thus stabilizing the optimization process and resulting in realistic solutions. This can be achieved by using the Levenberg–Marquardt method. The design method is illustrated by a number of design cases for both closed and open input and output paths. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HUPO Plasma Proteome Project specimen collection and handling: Towards the standardization of parameters for plasma proteome samples
Authors: Rai Alex J. , Gelfand Craig A. , Haywood Bruce C. , Warunek David J. , Yi Jizu , Schuchard Mark D. , Mehigh Richard J. , Cockrill Steven L. , Scott Graham B. I. , Tammen Harald , Schulz‐Knappe Peter , Speicher David W. , Vitzthum Frank , Haab Brian B. , Siest Gerard , Chan Daniel W. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThere is a substantial list of pre‐analytical variables that can alter the analysis of blood‐derived samples. We have undertaken studies on some of these issues including choice of sample type, stability during storage, use of protease inhibitors, and clinical standardization. As there is a wide range of sample variables and a broad spectrum of analytical techniques in the HUPO PPP effort, it is not possible to define a single list of pre‐analytical standards for samples or their processing. We present here a compendium of observations, drawing on actual results and sound clinical theories and practices. Based on our data, we find that (1) platelet‐depleted plasma is preferable to serum for certain peptidomic studies; (2) samples should be aliquoted and stored preferably in liquid nitrogen; (3) the addition of protease inhibitors is recommended, but should be incorporated early and used judiciously, as some form non specific protein adducts and others interfere with peptide studies. Further, (4) the diligent tracking of pre‐analytical variables and (5) the use of reference materials for quality control and quality assurance, are recommended. These findings help provide guidance on sample handling issues, with the overall suggestion being to be conscious of all possible pre‐analytical variables as a prerequisite of any proteomic study.
A novel four‐dimensional strategy combining protein and peptide separation methods enables detection of low‐abundance proteins in human plasma and serum proteomes
Authors: Tang Hsin‐Yao , Ali‐Khan Nadeem , Echan Lynn A. , Levenkova Natasha , Rux John J. , Speicher David W. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA novel strategy, termed protein array pixelation, is described for comprehensive profiling of human plasma and serum proteomes. This strategy consists of three sequential high‐resolution protein prefractionation methods (major protein depletion, solution isoelectrofocusing, and 1‐DE) followed by nanocapillary RP tryptic peptide separation prior to MS/MS analysis. The analysis generates a 2‐D protein array where each pixel in the array contains a group of proteins with known pI and molecular weight range. Analysis of the HUPO samples using this strategy resulted in 575 and 2890 protein identifications from plasma and serum, respectively, based on HUPO‐approved criteria for high‐confidence protein assignments. Most importantly, a substantial number of low‐abundance proteins (low ng/mL – pg/mL range) were identified. Although larger volumes were used in initial prefractionation steps, the protein identifications were derived from fractions equivalent to approximately 0.6 µL (45 µg) of plasma and 2.4 µL (204 µg) of serum. The time required for analyzing the entire protein array for each sample is comparable to some published shotgun analyses of plasma and serum proteomes. Therefore, protein array pixelation is a highly sensitive method capable of detecting proteins differing in abundance by up to nine orders of magnitude. With further refinement, this method has the potential for even higher capacity and higher throughput.
Centralized data analysis of a large interlaboratory proteomics project: A feasibility study
Authors: Beer Ilan , Barnea Eilon , Admon Arie 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe human Plasma Proteome Project (PPP) is a large‐scale collaboration between many laboratories. One of the most demanding tasks in the PPP involved the analysis of very large amounts of raw MS/MS data produced by the participants. The main approach for managing this task was letting the participants analyze their own data and submit the results to the central PPP repository as lists of identified proteins and peptides. To complement this distributed approach, we also performed centralized analysis of the raw MS/MS data provided by the participants. Due to the data redundancy inherent in such a project, centralized analysis has the potential to reduce the computational effort by reducing redundancy before the analysis. Centralized analysis can also unify the process and take advantage of data sharing among laboratories to improve protein identification and validation. The process we employed included removing low‐quality spectra, clustering spectra by mutual similarity, and applying uniform peptide and protein identification procedures. To demonstrate the process, we analyzed 5.28 million MS/MS spectra derived by eight laboratories from tryptic peptides of serum and plasma proteins.
Application of 2‐D free‐flow electrophoresis/RP‐HPLC for proteomic analysis of human plasma depleted of multi high‐abundance proteins
Authors: Moritz Robert L. , Clippingdale Andrew B. , Kapp Eugene A. , Eddes James S. , Ji Hong , Gilbert Sam , Connolly Lisa M. , Simpson Richard J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFree‐flow electrophoresis (FFE) and rapid (6 min) RP‐HPLC was used to fractionate human citrate‐treated plasma. Prior to analysis, the six most abundant proteins in plasma were removed by immunoaffinity chromatography; both depleted plasma and the fraction containing the six abundant proteins depleted were taken for MS‐based analysis. Fractionated proteins were digested with trypsin and the generated peptides were subjected to MS‐based peptide sequencing. To date, 78 plasma proteins have been unambiguously identified by manual validation from 16% (15/96 FFE total fractions) of the collected FFE pools; 55 identifications were based on ≥2 tryptic peptides and 23 using single peptides. The molecular weight range of proteins and peptides isolated by this method ranged from ˜190 K (e.g., Complement C3 and C4) to ˜4–6 K (e.g., CRISPP and Apolipoprotein C1). This FFE/RP‐HPLC approach reveals low‐abundance proteins and peptides (e.g., L‐Selectin ˜17 ng/mL and the cancer‐associated SCM‐recognition, immunodefense suppression, and serine protease protection peptide (CRISPP) at ˜0.5–1 ng/mL), where CRISPP was found in association with α‐1‐antitrypsin as a non‐covalent complex, in the fraction containing the depleted high‐abundance proteins. In contrast to shotgun proteomic approaches, the FFE/RP‐HPLC method described here allows the identification of potentially interesting peptides to be traced back to their protein of origin, and for the first time, has confirmed the “protein sponge” hypothesis where the 35 residue CRISPP polypeptide is non‐covalently complexed with the major circulating plasma protein α‐1‐antitrypsin.
Synthesis and properties of a bisphenol A based phthalonitrile resin
Authors: Laskoski Matthew , Dominguez Dawn D. , Keller Teddy M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA multiple aromatic ether linked phthalonitrile was synthesized and characterized. The oligomeric phthalonitrile monomer was prepared from the reaction of an excess amount of bisphenol A with 4,4′‐difluorobenzophenone in the presence of K2CO3 as the base in an N,N‐dimethylformamide/toluene solvent mixture, followed by end capping with 4‐nitrophthalonitrile in a two‐step, one‐pot reaction. The monomer properties were compared to those of the known resin 2,2‐bis[4‐(3,4‐dicyanophenoxy)phenyl]propane after being cured in the presence of bis[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfone. Rheometric measurements and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the oligomeric phthalonitrile resin maintained good structural integrity upon heating to elevated temperatures and exhibited excellent thermal properties along with long‐term oxidative stability. The ether‐linked phthalonitrile resin absorbed less than 2.5% water by weight after exposure to an aqueous environment for extended periods. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4136–4143, 2005
Studies on the properties of polypropylene with a new silicon‐containing intumescent flame retardant
Authors: Li Qiang , Jiang Pingkai , Wei Ping 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA new intumescent flame retardant (PSiNII), which contains silicon, phosphorus, and nitrogen elements, has been synthesized and incorporated into polypropylene (PP). Its effect on the properties of PP is investigated based on flame retardancy, thermal properties, mechanical properties, and morphologies. The flame retardancy is evaluated by the limiting oxygen index value. The thermal properties (oxidative behaviors and thermal stability) are investigated by thermogravimetric analysis under nitrogen and air atmosphere. The mechanical properties are researched based on the maximum tensile stress and relative strain at break. The morphologies of PP/PSiNII are studied by the scanning electron micrograph. Their flame retardancy and thermal stability are improved by introducing PSiNII. PP/PSiNII blends can achieve high fire performance and keep high mechanical property at the same time. During a fire, the melt‐dripping behaviors of PP‐containing PSiNII are improved. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2548–2556, 2005
Heterogeneous distribution of shear strains in deformed Ti66.1Cu8Ni4.8Sn7.2Nb13.9 nanostructure‐dendrite composite
Authors: Kim K. B. , Das J. , Baier F. , Eckert J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMicrostructural investigation of a deformed Ti66.1Cu8Ni4.8Sn7.2Nb13.9 nanostructure‐dendrite composite using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals heterogeneous propagation and interaction of the shear bands, depending on the geometry of the interfaces between the nanostructured matrix and dendrites. The geometrical effect on the propagation and interaction of the shear bands is presented by the different morphology of the interfaces i.e. stepped and smooth interfaces suggesting a different amount of accumulated shear strains at the interfaces between the nanostructured matrix and the dendrites. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Prediction of the X‐ray absorption near edge structure of the new high‐density phase of SiO2
Authors: Ching W. Y. , Ouyang Lizhi , Rulis Paul , Tanaka Isao 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) of the newly predicted high density phase of SiO2 has been calculated using a state‐of‐the‐art supercell method including the core‐hole effect. It is shown that the spectra are unique and have little resemblance to those of low density α‐quartz and high density stishovite. It is demonstrated that the interpretation of XANES based purely on the coordination shell argument is oversimplified. Crystal symmetry and effects beyond the second nearest neighbour must be taken into consideration. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Identification of phospholipid structures in human blood by direct‐injection quadrupole‐linear ion‐trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Chang , Yang Jun , Gao Peng , Lu Xin , Xu Guowang 
Published: July 2005

AbstractDirect‐injection electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in combination with information‐dependent data acquisition (IDA), using a triple‐quadrupole/linear ion trap combination, allows high‐throughput qualitative analysis of complex phospholipid species from child whole blood. In the IDA experiments, scans to detect specific head groups (precursor ion or neutral loss scans) were used as survey scans to detect phospholipid classes. An enhanced resolution scan was then used to confirm the mass assignments, and the enhanced product ion scan was implemented as a dependent scan to determine the composition of each phospholipid class. These survey and dependent scans were performed sequentially and repeated for the entire duration of analysis, thus providing the maximum information from a single injection. In this way, 50 different phospholipids belonging to the phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin classes were identified in child whole blood. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Das dicke Ende: Quantifizierung Operationeller Risiken mit Hilfe des Loss‐Distribution‐Approaches
Authors: Nguyen Minh‐Tri , Ottmann Martin 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMit Basel II wurden neben Vorschriften für Markt‐ und Kreditrisiko zum ersten Mal auch Richtlinien für das Management des Operationellen Risikos in den Banken festgesetzt. Zur Berechnung des entsprechenden Eigenkapitals schlug Basel drei Methoden vor: den Basisindikatoransatz (BIA), den Standardansatz (STA) und die fortgeschrittenen Messansätze (AMA). Je komplexer eine Methode ist, desto risiko‐sensitiver ist sie und dadurch sollte sie die Kapitalanforderung einer Bank ihrem Risiko‐Gehalt entsprechend abdecken. Im weiteren Sinne würden die fortgeschrittenen Messansätzen das Risiko‐Kapital einer Bank am meisten reduzieren. Im vorliegenden Artikel besprechen wir den Loss Distribution Approach (LDA). Dieser Ansatz wird seit geraumer Zeit in der Versicherungswirtschaft angewendet und ist auch in der Bankenindustrie weit verbreitet. Dabei geht es hauptsächlich um die Modellierung der Verlustverteilung, die Grundlage für den “Verlustverteilungsansatz”. Durch die Monte‐Carlo‐Simulation der Verlustverteilung ermitteln wir dann den Value‐at‐Risk (VaR), der das Eigenkapital für das Operationelle Risiko bestimmt.
Ein Unternehmen ist kein perfektes Räderwerk
Authors: Weber Jürgen 
Published: July 2005

AbstractRisikomanagement und Controlling lassen sich kaum mehr scharf voneinander abgrenzen. Auf dem 30. Congress der Controller des Internationalen Controllervereins (ICV) sprachen wir mit Prof. Dr. Jürgen Weber über die Zukunft des Controllings und Controllers sowie über aktuelle Entwicklungen an den Schnittstellen dieser beiden Funktionen.