bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing risk for violence among male and female civil psychiatric patients: the HCR‐20, PCL:SV, and VSC
Authors: Nicholls Tonia L. , Ogloff James R. P. , Douglas Kevin S. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis study evaluated the predictive validity of violence risk assessments conducted using the HCR‐20, the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV), and by the Violence Screening Checklist (VSC) in a sample of 268 involuntarily hospitalized male and female psychiatric patients. Information pertaining to violence and crime was coded from medical charts and correctional records. The HCR‐20/PCL:SV evidenced modest non‐significant associations in postdictive assessments of inpatient violence among men. Moderate to strong significant associations were found between the HCR‐20/PCL:SV and inpatient violence among women. Pseudo‐prospective assessments using the HCR‐20 and PCL:SV resulted in moderate to large relationships with violence and crime in men and women following community discharge. It is concluded that the VSC is a promising tool for assessing acute inpatient violence risk with men. Findings offer preliminary validation of the predictive validity of the HCR‐20 and PCL:SV with female civil psychiatric patients. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Baby rape in South Africa
Authors: Richter Linda M. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThere is historical evidence of the rape of infants and toddlers, and contemporary ‘baby rapes’ have been reported in a number of countries. In South Africa, the rape of infants and toddlers occurs at a low but consistent level. The acute public recognition of the rape of infants and toddlers in South Africa was occasioned by the case of a particularly shocking, widely reported rape in late 2001, followed in rapid succession by the rape of several other infants. Attempts to explain the rape of infants and toddlers include the socialization inﬂuences on men of the country's violent apartheid past, as well as virgin cleansing myths which have arisen in the context of the country's rampant HIV/AIDS epidemic. Added to this is an uneven child rights environment and a poorly functioning police and justice system. Even under the concerted inﬂuence of environmental pressures, the rape of an infant or a toddler is an extremely brutal act which requires both psychological and social explanation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling of Radial Flow Reactors of Oxidative Reheat Process for Production of Styrene Monomer
Authors: Ahari J.S. , Kakavand M. , Farshi A. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractStyrene plays an important role in industrial production plants due to its increasing use in the production of various products. Thus, availability of a simulating program for styrene monomer reactors is of major importance in reducing the problems of a styrene unit. In oxidative reheat technology, styrene monomer is produced from ethylbenzene dehydrogenation in radial flow reactors in the presence of the generated heat from hydrogen oxidation reaction. In this article mass, energy and momentum equations on radial direction are developed for styrene monomer reactors. Required kinetic rates and parameters have been adopted from the literature [1,2]. Then, by means of experimental data from industrial reactors and sequential quadratic programming (SQP) methods, suitable kinetic parameters are obtained. Comparison of simulator prediction data with industrial ones show that the simulation has been achieved adequately.
An Integrated Process of H2O2 Production through Isopropanol Oxidation and Cyclohexanone Ammoximation
Authors: Liang X. , Mi Z. , Wang Y. , Wang L. , Zhang X. , Liu T. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe possibility of the integration of the processes of H2O2 production through isopropanol partial oxidation and the direct ammoximation of cyclohexanone with H2O2 and NH3 catalyzed by TS‐1 was investigated. The results of isopropanol partial oxidation showed that around 7.5 % yield of H2O2 was obtained at 110 °C, 10 atm, 2 h, and after fractionation, a H2O2 solution with the typical composition 25.2 wt.‐% H2O2, 10.3 wt.‐% isopropanol, 0.29 wt.‐% acetone, 0.45 wt.‐% phosphoric acid and 0.43 wt.‐% acetic acid was obtained. The presence of these impurities up to the above levels did not appreciably influence the ammoximation of cyclohexanone in terms of the conversion of cyclohexanone and the selectivity to cyclohexanone oxime. The results indicate that the processes of H2O2 production through isopropanol partial oxidation and the ammoximation of cyclohexanone can be integrated.
Microglial major histocompatibility complex glycoprotein‐1 in the axotomized facial motor nucleus: Regulation and role of tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2
Authors: Bohatschek M. , Kloss C.U.A. , Hristova M. , Pfeffer K. , Raivich G. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractPresentation of antigen is key to the development of the immune response, mediated by association of antigen with major histocompatibility complex glycoproteins abbreviated as MHC1 and MHC2. In the current study, we examined the regulation of MHC1 in the brain after facial axotomy. The normal facial motor nucleus showed no immunoreactivity for MHC1 (MHC1‐IR). Transection of the facial nerve led to a strong and selective up‐regulation of MHC1‐IR on the microglia in the affected nucleus, beginning at day 2 and reaching a maximum 14 days after axotomy, coinciding with a peak influx of the T lymphocytes that express CD8, the lymphocyte coreceptor for MHC1. Specificity of the MHC1 staining was confirmed in β2‐microglobulin‐deficient mice, which lack normal cell surface MHC1‐IR. MHC1‐IR was particularly strong on phagocytic microglia, induced by delayed neuronal cell death, and correlated with the induction of mRNA for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, and interferon‐γ and the influx of T lymphocytes. Mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (scid), lacking T and B cells, showed an increase in the number of MHC1‐positive nodules but no significant effect on overall MHC1‐IR. Transgenic deletion of the IL1 receptor type I, or the interferon‐γ receptor type 1 subunit, did not affect the microglial MHC1‐IR. However, a combined deletion of TNF receptors 1 and 2 (TNFR1&2‐KO) led to a decrease in microglial MHC1‐IR and to a striking absence of the phagocytic microglial nodules. Deletion of TNFR2 (p75) did not have an effect; deletion of TNFR1 (p55) reduced the diffuse microglial staining for MHC1‐IR but did not abolish the MHC1+ microglial nodules. In summary, neural injury leads to the induction of MHC1‐IR on the activated, phagocytic microglia. This induction of MHC1 precedes the interaction with the immune system, at least in the facial motor nucleus model. Finally, the impaired induction of these molecules, up to now, only in the TNFR‐deficient mice underscores the central role of TNF in the immune activation of the injured nervous system. J. Comp. Neurol. 470:382–399, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell Shape Normalization, Dendrite Orientation, and Melanin Production of Normal and Genetically Altered (Haploinsufficient NF1)‐Melanocytes by Microstructured Substrate Interactions
Authors: Jungbauer Simon , Kemkemer Ralf , Gruler Hans , Kaufmann Dieter , Spatz Joachim P. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractLittle is known about how functional regulation failure in genetically altered cells is influenced by topographical confinement of cells, a situation often present in tissues in vivo. We used cultured melanocytes derived from human skin samples as a model system for such investigations. Normal melanocytes have a very well defined shape consisting of a cell body and two dendrites arranged 180° relative to each other. In contrast, neurofibromin 1‐melanocytes (NF1‐melanocytes) have up to a 50 % reduction of neurofibromin 1, which results in an altered morphology that can be easily measured. NF1‐melanocytes deviate from the defined structure of normal melanocytes by forming more than two dendrites per cell. We show that morphology consequences of genetically altered melanocytes can be canceled if cells interact with substrates microstructured by stripes that apply mechanophysical signals in the form of physical topography. The strength of the mechanophysical signal was varied systematically by increasing the height of the microstructures. Melanocytes respond to surface topographical features that are larger than 50 nm and have lateral confinements smaller 4 μm. The response of normal and NF1‐melanocytes to different topographies was analyzed quantitatively by determining density distributions for the number of dendrites per cell, the angles between dendrites, and the orientation imprinted in the substrate. The synthesis of melanin, a pigment produced by melanocytes, differs in the case of genetically altered NF1‐ and normal melanocytes. In both cases, the interaction with microstripes enhanced melanin production significantly. This enhanced melanin production is speculated to be caused by the mechanical stabilization of the dendrites by substrate guidance.
Frequency‐Switched Single‐Transition Cross‐Polarization: A Tool for Selective Experiments in Biomolecular NMR
Authors: Ferrage Fabien , Eykyn Thomas R. , Bodenhausen Geoffrey 
Published: February 2004

AbstractFrequency‐switched single‐transition cross‐polarization (FS‐ST‐CP) provides a versatile tool for selective coherence transfer in heteronuclear NMR of biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. This type of coherence transfer is spin‐state‐selective and can therefore benefit from the extension of the life‐times of selected coherences due to partial cancellation of interfering relaxation mechanisms. The limits of the selectivity of the transfer are discussed by theory and illustrated by experiment. The methods are particularly efficient to obtain quantitative structural and dynamic information for selected residues in medium‐sized nitrogen‐15 or carbon‐13 labeled macromolecules.
Cluster Assembled Nanostructures: Designing Interface Properties
Authors: Kaiser Bernhard , Stegemann Bert 
Published: February 2004

AbstractOverlayer structures can be formed on surfaces by the deposition of preformed clusters from the gas phase containing from only a few up to a few hundred atoms. By this method, nanostructures with novel chemical and physical properties can be stabilized. This article presents the results obtained using the simple molecular cluster Sb4 as the precursor for deposition and nanoparticle assembly on various surfaces, and under various conditions. A rich variety of phenomena is observed and discussed.
Crystal growth and investigation of CuAlxGa1−xTe2 solid solutions
Authors: Bodnar I. V. , Victorov I. A. , Dabranski V. M. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractAlloys of the CuGaTe2‐CuAlTe2 system have been synthesized by the one‐temperature method and homogenized by annealing. It was established for the first time by X‐ray and DTA methods that a continuous row of solid solutions is formed in the system. Large block crystals of CuAlxGa1−xTe2 solid solutions have been grown by the Bridgman method (horizontal version). Measurements of density, microhardness and thermal expansion have been carried out on the grown crystals. It has been established, that the density and thermal expansion coefficients are changed linearly with composition, microhardness has a maximum at x = 0.6. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Broadband consumer electronics networking and automation
Authors: Zahariadis Th. , Pramataris K. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractAlthough a critical mass of households worldwide have access to the information superhighway, the broadband consumer networking and automation market is still evolving very slowly. Two reasons may be identified for this delay. The first one is related to the lack of broadband home data networks. Consumer electronics networks either do not exist at all or they are not able to support multimedia communications. The second reason is the large variety of ad hoc consortia or (un‐)authorized standardization bodies that have been defining independent, in many cases non‐interoperable specifications for residential networks. In this paper, we analyse and compare some of the most widely accepted, foreseen or advanced current and future broadband consumer electronics networking technologies able to support home automation and multimedia in‐home appliances. Technologies and standards are categorized in three groups based on their physical medium requirements. Moreover, we discuss technologies that are independent of the lower layers, and aim to provide convergence between multiple in‐home and access networks. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ant based probabilistic routing with pheromone and antipheromone mechanisms
Authors: Sandalidis Harilaos G. , Mavromoustakis Constandinos X. , Stavroulakis Peter 
Published: February 2004

AbstractUsing the idea of probabilistic routing, calls in an ant based decentralized scheme are not routed according to the largest probabilities in the pheromone tables but randomly according to these probabilities. This principle can be particularly helpful in order to further minimize possible node congestion problems. An additional incorporation of the antipheromone mechanism in the operation of artificial ants helps in better biasing the network. This paper examines the behaviour of such a routing scheme using a proper set of suitable metrics. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Limiter discriminator detection of narrow‐band duobinary FSK in a land mobile channel
Authors: Hasan Omar M. , Hiasat Ahmad 
Published: February 2004

AbstractError rates (BER) for narrow‐band duobinary FM with discriminator detection and integrate and dump (LDI) post‐detection filtering in land mobile channel characterized by fading and Doppler frequency shift are obtained. The fading process is assumed to be much slower than data rate, allowing the fading process to be analysed in a quasistatic manner as it passes through the narrow‐band filter. A simulation model was constructed using the signal processing simulator, and the simulated error rate results are shown to agree well with the calculated error rate results. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of Titanium in Water Solutions
Authors: Mlakar Marina 
Published: February 2004

AbstractTitanium(IV) dissolved in water solution can be successfully determined using adsorptive cathodic stripping square‐wave voltammetry in the presence of the mixed ligand system acetylacetone – lumazin (2,4‐dihydoxypteridin) maintaining pH at about 6. The method is additionally very sensitive due to the possibility of variation of square‐wave voltammetric parameters such as frequency and/or amplitude. The reduction peak of the titanium mixed ligand complex was detected at the potential of −1.49 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and a limit of detection was found to be 0.4 nM with the accumulation time of 20 minutes at the potential of −1.2 V in the UV‐irradiated artificial seawater. Interferences of other trace metal ions and surface‐active substances were investigated as well.
Formation of Levan from Raffinose by Levansucrase of Zymomonas mobilis
Authors: Andersone I. , Auzina L. , Vigants A. , Mutere O. , Zikmanis P. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractLevansucrase (EC 2.4.1.10.) of Zymomonas mobilis 113S can perform the polymerisation of fructose moiety from raffinose to levan concomitantly with a release of non‐catabolised melibiose into the medium. The kinetic parameters of the levansucrase‐catalysed reaction provide even higher reaction velocities on raffinose as compared to sucrose, particularly at low substrate concentrations. A decreased value in the number of the average molecular mass (Mn = 1693 kDa), an increased intrinsic viscosity (η = 49.47 cm3/g), and a diminished Huggin's constant (K' = 0.67) are intrinsic to the levan synthesis from raffinose, indicating certain structural peculiarities compared to a polysaccharide obtained from sucrose (Mn = 1851 kDa, [η] = 42.47 cm3/g, K' = 1.21).
Effects of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPRs) on the Biological Nitrogen Fixation, Nodulation, and Growth of Lupinus albus l. cv. Multolupa
Authors: Lucas García J. A. , Probanza A. , Ramos B. , Colón Flores J.J. , Gutiérrez Mañero F.J. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe effects of five plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), nodulation, and growth promotion of plants of Lupinus albus cv. Multolupa were investigated. The plants were selected for their capacity to use 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) as the sole source of nitrogen. Four strains belonged to the genus Pseudomonas (Luc 1, Luc 2, Luc 3, and Luc 4) and one (Luc 5) belonged to the genus Bacillus. Three patterns of inoculation were examined. In the first pattern, PGPRs were inoculated seven days before being inoculated with B. japonicum. In the second pattern, PGPRs and B. japonicum were co‐inoculated, and in the last pattern, PGPRs were inoculated seven days after being inoculated with B. japonicum. The plants were sampled 30 and 45 days after being inoculated with B. japonicum (T1 and T2). In the first pattern of inoculation, Luc 5 significantly increased the biological nitrogen fixation compared to the control at the first sampling time, as did Luc 1 and Luc 4 at the second sampling time. In the second pattern of inoculation, Luc 5 negatively effected the biological nitrogen fixation at both sampling times. In the third pattern of inoculation, all PGPRs caused a decrease in the nitrogen content of the plants compared to the control. The results obtained according to the patterns of inoculation showed that the mechanisms of action of the effects and routes used by Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive strains were clearly different. Competition between PGPRs and B. japonicum, competition for the niches in the rhizoplane, production of auxins, and induction of systemic resistance (ISR) by the production of siderophores or by lipopolysaccharides present in the outer membrane (LPS) are discussed as probable reasons for the effects observed.
Growth on Phenol at Chemostress Levels Amplifies the Expression of the Phenol Degradation Pathway in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
Authors: Benndorf D. , Loffhagen N. , Härtig C. , Babel W. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBacteria often use pollutants as sole carbon and energy sources. However, if they are toxic and the concentrations are high these compounds inhibit growth, and eventually poison the biocatalysts. In order to identify mechanisms contributing to stability, the protein patterns of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus during growth on potentially toxic phenol were analysed using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. Enzymes involved in the catabolism or assimilation of phenol, such as phenol monooxygenase and catechol 1,2‐dioxygenase, were induced at a more than twofold level in response to long‐term exposure to high concentrations of the compound serving as the sole carbon and energy source. This would have clear adaptive benefits, since increased rates of consumption of phenol would reduce the susceptibility of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus to phenol poisoning. In contrast, transient induction of only one heat shock protein and one oxidative stress protein was detected during long‐term exposure to high concentrations of phenol.
A new header compression scheme for TCP streams in IP based wireless networks
Authors: Boggia Gennaro , Camarda Pietro , Petrizzelli Sandro , Squeo Vito G. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe current trend in the telecommunication world is the proposal of a universal telecommunication system deriving from the convergence between mobile telephony and data transmission. To achieve such a convergence in an efficient way, it is presumably necessary to utilize a network platform totally based on TCP/IP architecture (an ‘All‐IP Network’). However, the encapsulation process of TCP/IP wastes a substantial part of the radio channel bandwidth for the transmission of control information (header) that does not have any specific function at radio level. Since this bandwidth is generally the most expensive and limited resource for wireless networks, it is necessary to adopt a header compression scheme that can reduce the protocol overhead while working efficiently and robustly under noisy links with time‐variant BER conditions. In this paper, a new header compression scheme for TCP streams as a specific header compression profile within the IETF ROHC (robust header compression) framework is proposed and analyzed through simulations exploiting network simulator (ns‐2). The proposed scheme, compliant with IETF requirements for TCP/IP header compression, is based on the distinct management of data and acknowledgment (ACK) streams associated with the TCP connection and exploits a robust header encoding technique for reducing the effect of error propagation. The results obtained, in terms of throughput, overhead and goodput, are reported as a function of bandwidth and BER. A comparison with the results obtained without compression allows us to evaluate the performance of the proposed compression scheme in a realistic and dynamic environment. Copyright © 2004 AEI
Impact of transmitter and receiver filtering on the phase and error floor of MSK signal indoor transmission
Authors: Lipovac Vlatko 
Published: February 2004

AbstractIn this paper, the impact of the transmitter/receiver filtering (in tandem with multipath propagation) on the phase‐shift of the minimum shift keying (MSK) signal transmitted over a mobile radio channel with small time dispersion has been modeled in order to analytically investigate the validity of the closed‐form general expression for the error floor—for various filter bandwidths of interest (e.g. DECT). Theoretical conclusions are supported by computer simulation results. Copyright © 2004 AEI
Expression of a member of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, TROY, in the developing olfactory system
Authors: Hisaoka Tomoko , Morikawa Yoshihiro , Kitamura Toshio , Senba Emiko 
Published: February 2004

AbstractTROY is a recently identified member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. We have previously reported that TROY induces the activation of nuclear factor κB via TNF receptor‐associated factor 2, 5, and 6, and is strongly expressed in the developing central nervous system, including the olfactory bulb. In this study, we investigated the detailed cellular characterization of TROY‐expressing cells in the developing olfactory system of mice using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Both mRNA and protein of TROY were first detected in the olfactory nerve layer (ONL) of the olfactory bulb at embryonic day 13.5. During late embryogenesis, TROY expression was most intense in the inner ONL (ONL‐i). In the postnatal olfactory bulb, TROY‐expressing cells were also detected in the glomerular layer (GL), in addition to the ONL‐i. The double‐immunofluorescence method demonstrated that TROY was expressed in olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) of the ONL‐i, which were positive for neuropeptide Y (NPY), but neither S‐100 nor p75 low‐affinity nerve growth factor receptor. Some TROY‐expressing cells in the ONL‐i were observed with the astrocyte‐like phenotype (GFAP+/NPY−). In addition, TROY was also detected in GFAP+ glial cells of the GL. Thus, TROY was expressed in some specific subsets of glial cells in the olfactory bulb, including OECs, suggesting that TROY may play some roles in the developing and adult olfactory system. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.