bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitroprusside‐epinephrine administration in acute myocardial ischemia
Authors: Pass Harvey I. , Turner M. Don , Neely William A. , Crawford Fred A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAdministration of nitroprusside (NP) and epinephrine (EP) was investigated in 2 groups of dogs during periods of acute myocardial ischemia. Blood flow to a normal area, to a marginal area of ischemia, and to an area of maximal ischemia was measured using the radioactive microsphere technique before periarterial balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, during NP infusion alone, and in combination with EP. In 10 awake, unanesthetized animals (group 1), NP infusion alone significantly increased blood flow to the subendocardium of the maximally ischemic zone. NP‐EP infusion increased transmural and regional flow significantly to the marginal and normal zones. In a second group of 8 anesthetized animals, NP‐EP infusion significantly increased coronary sinus flow without a corresponding increase in myocardial oxygen consumption, cardiac index, or left ventricular stroke work. As in group 1, significant increases in transmural flow were noted to the marginal and normal zones with NP‐EP infusion. These findings suggest that the combination of a vasodilating agent and an inotropic agent will improve coronary flow during periods of acute myocardial ischemia, and favorably alter the ratio of oxygen supply to oxygen demand.
Mirizzi syndrome
Authors: Lubbers Evert‐Jan C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn recent years there have been several case reports of patients suffering from the so‐called Mirizzi syndrome. Personal experience with 5 patients, together with published data from 19 others, is used to consider whether this syndrome is a true entity. It is concluded that the involvement of the hepatic duct in gallstone disease may result in a wide range of lesions of differing severity with no common pattern. Consequently, the term “Mirizzi syndrome” has no well‐defined meaning and should be abandoned.
Arterial surgery of the upper extremity
Authors: Bergqvist D. , Ericsson B. F. , Konrad P. , Bergentz S. ‐E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractOver a 10‐year period, 116 arterial operations in the upper extremity were performed. Sixteen patients had suffered from trauma, 52 from gross embolism, and 48 from chronic ischemia. The groups differ in age, duration of symptoms, and localization of the lesion. In patients with chronic ischemia, the most common lesion was a left‐sided subclavian stenosis, with microembolization to the fingers as the most prevalent symptom. Several types of reconstructions were used with satisfactory results. One patient in each group underwent amputation. The mortality rate in the group of patients with gross embolization was high, both postoperatively and during follow‐up.
Distribution and characterization of steroid hormone receptors in human thyroid tissue
Authors: Chaudhuri Prabir K. , Patel Nili , Sandberg Leslye , Prinz Richard A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe incidence and molecular characteristics of cytosolic steroid receptors for estrogen (ER), androgen (AR), progesterone (PR), and glucocorticoid (GR) were analyzed in human thyroidectomy specimens. All assays were performed by a protamine sulfate precipitation technique and analyzed by the method of Scatchard. Selected specimens were analyzed by sucrose density gradient. A receptor content over 1 fmol/mg cytosol protein was taken as positive. Estrogen was found in 23 of 45 specimens including 8 of 8 papillary cancers. Mean ER content (Rc) was 29.8 ±6.7 fmol/mg cytosol protein with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.23 ±0.09 × 10−10M. The Rc of ER was higher in neoplastic than non‐neoplastic thyroid tissue. Androgen was found in 19 of 41 specimens, including 6 of 8 papillary cancers. Mean Rc for AR was 10.6 ± 7.1 fmol/mg cytosol protein with a Kd of 0.17 ± 0.11 × 10−10. The incidence of ER and AR was significantly higher (p<0.05) in neoplastic than in non‐neoplastic thyroid tissue. Progesterone was found in 7 of 25 specimens. Mean Rc for PR was 6.2 ± 2.9 fmol/mg cytosol protein with a Kd of 0.03 ± 0.02 × 10−10M. Glucocorticoid was found in 6 of 26 specimens. Rc for GR was 6.3 ± 2.3 fmol/mg cytosol protein with a Kd of 0.11 ± 0.05 × 10−10M. By sucrose density gradient, a 4S and 8S type of ER was identified, while AR was predominately 6S, and GR was predominately 8S. The steroid receptors identified were a single‐class, high‐affinity, and saturable similar to those found in other steroid hormone dependent tissues. These findings suggest that steroid hormones may influence the development and growth of thyroid tumors.
When is medullary thyroid carcinoma “medullary thyroid carcinoma”?
Authors: Riccabona Georg , Ladurner Diethelm , Schmid Kurt 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMedullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is thought to develop from the parafollicular or C cells within the thyroid gland and, therefore, should not take up radioactive iodine. Recently, however,131I uptake has been reported in metastases of “medullary carcinoma” and, consequently, some authors have suggested that these tumors can be treated with radioactive iodine. On the basis of observations in 5 patients out of 11 with MTC, we would like to comment regarding this situation. In our 5 patients who were treated by total thyroidectomy, the diagnosis of medullary carcinoma was made by experienced pathologists using immunohistochemical staining methods (calcitonin and/or thyroglobulin), peroxidase‐antiperoxidase techniques, and electron microscopy. Evaluation of serum concentrations of calcitonin and serum thyroglobulin by radioimmunoassay was also performed. Data from our 5 patients provide evidence that patients with histopathological and immunohistochemical criteria for medullary thyroid carcinoma, and with high serum calcitonin levels, can take up131I. It is possible that these tumors represent poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas with C‐cell metaplasia or mixed tumors originating from both follicular and parafollicular cells. Other neoplasms classified as “medullary cancer” seem to be unspecified thyroid cancers with C‐cell hyperplasia in the periphery of the tumor.
The endocrine function of heterotopic islets of Langerhans
Authors: Merrell Ronald , Kakizaki Kenji , Basadonna Giacomo 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIslets of Langerhans may be removed from the pancreatic environment and transferred as autografts to a heterotopic site such as the spleen or liver. The success of such grafts has been equated with normoglycemia but success in dogs has been variable. We have developed a model of canine islet autografting that entails total pancreatectomy, preparation of a pancreatic suspension by perfusion of the pancreatic duct with collagenase, and delivery of the autograft to the spleen by reflux through tributaries of the splenic vein. In this study, fasting insulin response to intravenous glucose (0.5 g/kg), tolbutamide (0.5 g), glucagon (1.0 mg), and arginine (460 mg/kg) was measured before and 3 weeks after intrasplenic islet autografts. The 5 animals studied achieved fasting normoglycemia immediately; therefore, they were successful grafts. The response to glucose, however, was distinctly abnormal with statistically different peripheral insulin levels at 1, 3, 5, and 10 minutes. The insulin response was graphed, the area under the curve determined, and the integrated response was only 20% of preoperative controls. This diminished insulin response was reflected in impaired glucose clearance with a K value of 1.95 ± 0.24 in grafted animals compared to 3.12 ± 0.74 in preoperative controls. Peak insulin responses, however, to tolbutamide (70.4% of normal), glucagon (85.4%), and arginine (94.7%) were not statistically different in grafted animals compared to controls. The disparity of beta cell response to these various secretagogues suggests significant alteration of beta cell function either as a consequence of heterotopic placement, grafting injury, or accommodation to reduced islet number. Comparison of these data with those obtained in other systems supports some sort of accommodation to explain these beta cell changes.
Release of corticosteroids from human adrenals in vitro
Authors: Hamberger Bertil , Curstedt Tore , Werner Sigbritt 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFrom morphological criteria, it is often difficult to evaluate whether adrenocortical tumors secrete hormones or not. An increasing number of “nonfunctioning” tumors are detected using modern imaging techniques. In a consecutive series of 13 patients with adrenocortical disease, a functional characterization was done by determining the ability of the resected tissue to release cortisol and aldosterone in vitro. Significant secretion of aldosterone was only found in tumors from 4 patients with hyperaldosteronism, 1 of whom turned out to have a cortisol‐secreting tumor as well. All other tumors, both from patients with Cushing's syndrome and patients judged to have “nonfunctioning” adenoma, released cortisol in vitro. The method provides valuable pathophysiological information on adrenal tumors.
Total thyroidectomy: Complications and technique
Authors: Harness Jay K. , Fung Lit , Thompson Norman W. , Burney Richard E. , McLeod Michael K. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractDuring the 27‐year period from 1957 to 1984, four hundred thirty patients underwent total thyroidectomies for malignant or benign disease of the thyroid gland at our institutions. Thyroid cancer was found in 83.4% of cases, and 47.2% of these had concomitant lymph node dissections. Transient recurrent laryngeal nerve injury occurred in 6.2% of the entire series. Permanent unilateral vocal cord paralysis occurred in 2.5% of the patients operated on, although only 1 patient (0.45%) sustained this complication in the past 14 years. No patient had permanent bilateral vocal cord paralysis. Transient hypoparathyroidism was seen in 16.8% of patients with permanent hypoparathyroidism occurring in 4.0%. The incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism fell to 2.7% during the past 14 years and was directly related to the extent of thyroid cancer found at operation. Postoperative complications decrease with the experience of the surgeon and increase with reoperations and extensive disease. Total thyroidectomy continues to be our treatment of choice for thyroid cancer.
Effect of ethyl alcohol on the TSH‐receptor‐cyclase system in thyroid and nonthyroid tissues
Authors: Clark Orlo H. , Gerend Patricia L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAlcohol has been documented to be an excellent stimulator of calcitonin secretion in patients with C‐cell hyperplasia and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). We, therefore, investigated the effects of 3–9% ethyl alcohol (ethanol) on the binding of tracer quantities of125I‐labeled bovine thyroid‐stimulating hormone (125I‐bTSH) to its receptor in normal and neoplastic thyroid tissue as well as its effects on adenylate cyclase (AC) stimulation in an 8,000 × g particulate fraction from normal and neoplastic nonmedullary thyroid tissue from 10 patients (20 specimens). We also studied the effect of ethanol on AC activity in 16 other nonthyroidal tissues (5 parathyroid adenoma, 1 pheochromocytoma, 1 sarcoma, and normal and neoplastic breast, kidney, parotid, and colon). These studies demonstrated that ethanol increased the binding of125I‐bTSH to normal and neoplastic thyroid tissue. It also increased AC activity in all but 3 of the 20 thyroid tissues and in all but 3 of the 16 nonthyroid tissues [thyroid basal 20.9±7.1, ethanol maximum 45.9±12.3 (p<0.025); nonthyroid basal 83.0 ±21.5, ethanol maximum 137±31.1 (p<0.01) in picomoles/30 min per mg protein]. This increase was dose dependent over a range of 3–9% ethanol. There was no difference in the degree of ethanol stimulation of AC between normal (28.7±16.3) and neoplastic (21.4±7.8) thyroid or between normal (89.0±8.9) and neoplastic (75.2±23.7) nonthyroid tissues. When ethanol (5%) was given along with TSH, sodium fluoride, Gpp(NH)p, or forskolin, there was a greater increase in AC activity than when no alcohol was present. The combined effect of TSH and ethanol (140.1±49.4) at maximal concentrations was comparable or greater than the result when TSH and ethanol were added separately (121.5±41.8). Thus, ethanol stimulates TSH binding and also activates AC in nearly all normal and neoplastic human tissues. This may be important biologically as well as experimentally since some compounds used in AC assays (in particular, forskolin) are dissolved in ethanol.
Preoperative portal vein embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kinoshita Hiroaki , Sakai Katsuji , Hirohashi Kazuhiro , Igawa Sumito , Yamasaki Osamu , Kubo Shoji 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAs a countermeasure to portal tumor thrombi, which are a serious danger in liver cancer, we did portal vein embolization (PVE) during percutaneous transhepatic portography. Our 21 patients later underwent hepatic resection. After PVE, portal pressure increased and there was slight liver function damage, but this procedure was safer than transarterial embolization (TAE). We examined the pathologic specimens to view the state of occlusion achieved and also for histological findings, and found that Lipiodol ® mixed with fibrin was most effective. PVE done before hepatic resection strengthened the anticancer effect of TAE, prevented intrahepatic metastases, and caused permanent hypertrophy of the liver that may be useful as a kind of preparation for surgery.
Management of acute colitis in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Morel P. , Hawker P. C. , Allan R. N. , Dykes P. W. , Alexander‐Williams J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFrom January 1971 to December 1984, fifty‐three patients presented with severe acute colitis, defined clinically as a temperature above 38°C., a pulse above 100/min, and bloody diarrhea more than 5 times/day. Twenty‐eight patients (12 male) had ulcerative colitis, 25 patients (13 male) had Crohn's colitis. The severe attack occurred earlier in the course of the disease in Crohn's colitis. The mean age for those with Crohn's disease was 31 years (range 17–58) and 41 years (range 17–70) for those with ulcerative colitis. All patients were managed on a combined medical and surgical gastrointestinal unit. The initial treatment was medical; 49 patients received corticosteroids, 40 salazopyrine, and 7 antibiotics. Twenty‐seven patients settled on medical treatment in a mean of 11 days (range 3–30). Of these, 3 required resection later. Twenty‐six patients required urgent operation (panproctocolectomy in 9, total colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis in 11, and colectomy with retention of rectum in 6). Ten patients developed toxic megacolon, 9 requiring urgent surgery. The other one initially settled but had a colectomy later on during the admission. There were no deaths in this series. Postoperative complications were uncommon. No factors on admission could predict the need for an operation. We believe that with close cooperation between experienced physicians and surgeons, mortality and morbidity from severe, fulminating colitis can be avoided.
Diverticula of the mid‐ and lower esophagus: Pathogenesis and surgical management
Authors: Evander Anders , Little Alex G. , Ferguson Mark K. , Skinner David B. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTen patients with diverticula of the mid‐ or lower esophagus are reviewed with a focus on esophageal function, particularly motility, and its relation to surgical treatment. Median age is 56 years (range 16–79). There are 5 males and 5 females. The predominant symptoms were dysphagia and regurgitation, generally of 3 to 4 years' duration. All diverticula were identified by both barium upper gastrointestinal tract series and endoscopy. Three patients had 2 diverticula. The lower esophageal high pressure zone (LEHPZ) was assessed manometrically in 7 patients and the function of the esophageal body in all. LEHPZ pressure, length, and relaxation were normal in 4 patients, incomplete relaxation was present in 1 patient, and 2 had increased pressure. All 10 had abnormal esophageal body function including abnormalities of amplitude, duration, or propagation of contractions. pH assessment for reflux and clearance was performed in 4 patients. The acid clearance test was abnormal in all 4, and 2 patients had gastroesophageal reflux. One patient was managed medically and the other 9 surgically. Surgical treatment included diverticulectomy, myotomy, and an antireflux procedure in 7 patients; diverticulopexy, myotomy, and antireflux procedure in 1, and myotomy and antireflux procedure in 1. There was no operative mortality. Longterm clinical results are good. We conclude that symptomatic midesophageal and epiphrenic diverticula are caused by an abnormality of esophageal body or LEHPZ function which can be identified manometrically. These should, therefore, be thought of as pulsion diverticula. Surgery that addresses the underlying motor disorder can be performed safely and provides relief of symptoms.
Microvascular carotid end‐to‐end anastomosis with the Argon laser
Authors: Godlewski G. , Pradal P. , Rouy S. , Charras A. , Dauzat M. , Lan O. , Lopez F. M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA carotid end‐to‐end anastomosis was performed in 50 Wistar rats (mean weight 260 g) by means of a Coherent 900 Argon laser. A micromanipulator coupled to an operating Zeiss OPMI 1 microscope provided a beam with a focused spot of 150 μm in diameter. After 2 stitches were made (180° apart from each other) to obtain good adjustment of the arterial ends, vessel anastomosis was achieved on common carotids (0.7–1.2 mm in diameter) using 19 laser shots of a mean power output of 300 milliwatts (mW) (1,700 W/cm2) for 5 sec. Good vascular flow was confirmed by Doppler spectral analysis and angiography performed on day 0, 3, 10, 20, and so forth up to 7 months. Light and scanning electron microscopy showed that the heating effects of the Argon laser caused collagenous fusion of the media on day 0, while the sealing line became reendothelialized on day 10. The patency rate was 76%. Complications such as thrombosis, disruption, and aneurysm must be attributed to initial technical drawbacks.
Pyogenic psoas abscess: Worldwide variations in etiology
Authors: Ricci Michael A. , Rose Frederick B. , Meyer Kenneth K. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPyogenic abscess of the psoas muscle results from primary suppuration or direct extension of intraabdominal infection. The etiology varies with the country of origin. Our experience with 9 cases prompted a review of 367 cases from the world literature. A total of 286 primary abscesses occurred mainly in developing nations (200 cases), although 74 were reported from the United States. Younger patients predominated in developing nations (81.4% <20 years old), while only 47.8% from the United States were younger than 20 years. PureStaphylococcus aureus was commonly cultured (88.4%); simple incision and drainage cured 97.3% of patients with primary psoas abscess. Of 7 (2.5%) patients who died, 6 were from the United States; therapy was inadequate or delayed in all 7 patients. Ninety secondary abscesses appeared almost exclusively in reports from Europe, the United States, and Canada. Crohn's disease was the most common etiology followed by appendicitis and colon inflammation or cancer; mixed enteric infections predominated (55.7%). Although rare during the first decade, distribution was otherwise relatively even across all age groups. Simple drainage succeeded in only 49% of cases. Higher mortality accompanied secondary abscess (17 cases, 18.9%). The etiology of pyogenic psoas abscess guides the selection of proper medical and surgical therapy. While primary abscess is the likely etiology in developing nations and secondary abscess in Europe, either may occur in the United States. Early diagnosis and proper therapy are necessary to reduce mortality.
Intraoperative cholangiography using a balloon catheter in liver surgery
Authors: Kubo Shoji , Sakai Katsuji , Kinoshita Hiroaki , Hirohashi Kazuhiro 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTo prevent intraoperative injury of the bile ducts, we designed a balloon catheter and used it in the intraoperative cholangiography of 36 patients undergoing hepatectomy for primary carcinoma of the liver at the Second Department of Surgery of Osaka City University Hospital during the past 4 years. After cholecystectomy, the balloon catheter was inserted through the cystic duct up to the common bile duct, and cholangiography was performed before and after liver resection. This method makes intrahepatic bile ducts easier to visualize. In 14 of the 53 patients in whom cholangiography using a balloon catheter or conventional catheter was done, the abnormal branching of the intrahepatic bile ducts was found before resection, and the liver was resected without injuring the ducts. In 2 of the 36 patients in whom cholangiography with a balloon catheter was performed, leakage of the contrast medium from the resected liver surface was visible, and this part of the liver was sutured. With this new method, postoperative complications caused by bile leakage decreased. No side effects developed after the balloon catheter was used. We have used basically the same technique in other kinds of hepatobiliary disease.
Regeneration and function of autotransplantation of splenic tissue after splenectomy
Authors: Christenson J. T. , Owunwanne A. , Al‐Hassan E. E. , Ryd W. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn traumatic rupture, it is often not possible to repair the spleen. Splenectomy results in increased susceptibility to sepsis with a high mortality rate. Autotransplantation of splenic tissue has been suggested, but its functional value is still in doubt, particularly the ability of autotransplanted spleen to resist intravenous bacterial challenge. The ability to sequestrate denatured99mTc (technetium‐99m) RBC (red blood cells) and to resist intravenous pneumococci was studied in sham‐operated (control) rats, splenectomized rats, and splenectomized rats with autotransplanted spleen. Histopathologic tests were also performed. There was a gradual increase in the splenic sequestration of the denatured99mTc RBC with a spleen‐to‐blood ratio of 0.19 to 1.5 at 2 and 30 weeks after the splenic reimplantation. Prior to 18 weeks after the splenic autotransplantation, no rat survived the intravenous pneumococcal challenge, but at 28–30 weeks, 80% of the rats survived the challenge indicating an increased splenic activity at this time. There was also a corresponding increase in splenic tissue weight from 241 mg at the time of autotransplantation to 417 mg beginning at the 24th week after the reimplantation. Four to 5 weeks after the transplantation, the spleens had a fairly normal histological architecture. The present study, therefore, indicates that autotransplanted splenic tissue is capable of restoring the ability to resist intravenously injected pneumococcal challenge, to sequestrate denatured99mTc RBC, and to regenerate normal splenic tissue within 24–30 weeks after the reimplantation.
Biliary strictures as a cause of primary intrahepatic bile duct stones
Authors: Matsumoto Yoshiro , Fujii Hideki , Yoshioka Masakazu , Sekikawa Takayoshi , Wada Toshisue , Yamamoto Masayuki , Eguchi Hideo , Sugahara Katsuhiko 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe collected 51 cases of stricture in the upper portion of the biliary tract and discussed the pathogenesis and the clinical significance of the strictures. All 51 patients had congenital cystic dilatation of the common bile duct (CCDB): 2 had infant‐type cysts which involved the choledochus and/or the common hepatic duct, and 49 had adult‐type cysts which included the entire extrahepatic bile duct and/or the main intrahepatic bile ducts. Thirty‐five of the latter 49 had intrahepatic bile duct stones proximal to the stricture. Considering the location and the clinical features, the strictures may have been formed congenitally. Furthermore, adult‐type cysts of the common bile duct with strictures in the upper portion of the biliary tract are thought to be the basis for the formation of primary intrahepatic bile duct stones.