bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality and F1 progeny of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F), on wheat treated with diatomaceous earth: effects of rate, exposure period and relative humidity
Authors: Ferizli Ahmet G , Beris Gulay 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA series of experiments at 25 (±1) °C were conducted in which different application rates of diatomaceous earth (DE) formulation Protect‐It at two levels of relative humidity, 40 and 55%, and at three exposure periods were evaluated for control of Rhyzopertha dominica (F). Test insects were placed in vials containing 40 g of soft winter wheat mixed with 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50 and 2.00 g DE kg−1. At all rates except 0.25 g kg−1, mortality was significantly different from that in the control at the relevant exposure period. After each exposure interval, dead and live insects were counted and removed, and the vial containing wheat was then returned to the appropriate humidity chamber for 8 weeks until F1 adults emerged. F1 progeny production was significantly different from the control group at all rates. Mortalities for 1, 2 and 3 weeks exposure were found to be 47 (±5)%. Despite the fact that mortality increased with increasing rate, total mortality was not achieved even at the highest rate of DE. F1 progeny production decreased with increasing rate for both RH conditions, and containment of population for both RH conditions was achieved at 1.00 g DE kg−1. For each exposure period, F1 progeny production of R dominica decreased with increasing rate of DE, and population suppression was achieved at 1.00 g DE kg−1 for all exposure intervals. In summary, Protect‐It resulted in reduced F1 adult progeny and containment of population was achieved at 1.00 g DE kg−1 at which rate mortality was 77%. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Sulcotrione versus atrazine transport and degradation in soil columns
Authors: Cherrier Richard , Boivin Arnaud , Perrin‐Ganier Corinne , Schiavon Michel 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA soil column experiment under outdoor conditions was performed to monitor the fate of 14C‐ring‐labelled sulcotrione, 2‐(2‐chloro‐4‐mesylbenzoyl)cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione and atrazine, 6‐chloro‐N2‐ethyl‐N4‐isopropyl‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamine, in water leachates and in the ploughed horizon of a sandy loam soil. Two months after treatment, the cumulative amounts of herbicide residues leached from the soil were 14.5% and 7% of the applied radioactivity for sulcotrione and atrazine, respectively. Maximum leachate concentrations for each herbicide were observed during the first month following application: 120 and 95 µg litre−1 for sulcotrione and atrazine respectively. After 2 weeks, 78% of the sulcotrione and atrazine was extractable from the soil, whereas after two months only 10 and 4%, respectively, could be extracted. The maximum sulcotrione content in the first 10 cm of soil was identical with that of atrazine. For both molecules, the content of non‐extractable residues was low, being around 15%. Sulcotrione seems to be more mobile than atrazine but the consequences for water contamination are similar since lower doses are used. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficacy and fate of glyphosate on Swedish railway embankments
Authors: Torstensson Lennart , Börjesson Elisabet , Stenström John 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe herbicide glyphosate, N‐(phosphonomethyl)glycine, as Spectra (240 g AI litre−1 SL; Monsanto Europe AB), RoundUp (360 g AI litre−1 SL; Monsanto) and RoundUp Bio (360 g AI litre−1 SL; Monsanto), have been used for weed control on Swedish railway embankments since 1986. This article summarizes results from studies of the weed effect and behaviour of glyphosate for the period 1984–2003. Studies on a railway embankment with a range of application rates showed excellent weed control at 5 litre ha−1 of RoundUp Bio. The appearance of glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA [(aminomethyl)phosphonic acid] in the embankment, eg mobility and persistence, was also studied. Mobility was low in most cases, the main proportion of both glyphosate and AMPA being found in the upper 30‐cm layer although minor amounts penetrated to lower depths. The 50% disappearance time of glyphosate was generally <5 months in railway embankments but cases with longer persistence were found. Transport to the groundwater was observed for glyphosate and AMPA in groundwater pipes along tracks. Downward transport appears to be dependent on the application rate, which should not exceed 3 litre ha−1 of RoundUp Bio to avoid groundwater contamination. A lower rate of glyphosate mixed with a low rate of another herbicide may achieve acceptable weed control and be environmentally safer. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Environmental fate of herbicides trifluralin, metazachlor, metamitron and sulcotrione compared with that of glyphosate, a substitute broad spectrum herbicide for different glyphosate‐resistant crops
Authors: Mamy Laure , Barriuso Enrique , Gabrielle Benoît 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe introduction of crops resistant to the broad spectrum herbicide glyphosate, N‐(phosphonomethyl)glycine, may constitute an answer to increased contamination of the environment by herbicides, since it should reduce the total amount of herbicide needed and the number of active ingredients. However, there are few published data comparing the fate of glyphosate in the environment, particularly in soil, with that of substitute herbicides. The objective of this study is to compare the fate of glyphosate in three soils with that of four herbicides frequently used on crops that might be glyphosate resistant: trifluralin, α,α,α‐trifluoro‐2,6‐dinitro‐N,N‐dipropyl‐p‐toluidine, and metazachlor, 2‐chloro‐N‐(pyrazol‐1‐ylmethyl)acet‐2′,6′‐xylidide for oilseed rape, metamitron, 4‐amino‐4,5‐dihydro‐3‐methyl‐6‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazin‐5‐one for sugarbeet and sulcotrione, 2‐(2‐chloro‐4‐mesylbenzoyl)cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione for maize. The distribution of herbicides between the volatilized, mineralized, extractable and non‐extractable fractions was studied, along with the formation of their metabolites in laboratory experiments using 14C‐labelled herbicides, over a period of 140 days. The main dissipation pathways were mineralization for glyphosate and sulcotrione, volatilization for trifluralin and non‐extractable residues formation for metazachlor and metamitron. The five herbicides had low persistence. Glyphosate had the shortest half‐life, which varied with soil type, whereas trifluralin had the longest. The half‐lives of metazachlor and sulcotrione were comparable, whereas that of metamitron was highly variable. Glyphosate, metazachlor and sulcotrione were degraded into persistent metabolites. Low amounts of trifluralin and metamitron metabolites were observed. At 140 days after herbicide applications, the amounts of glyphosate and its metabolite residues in soils were the lowest in two soils, but not in the third soil, a loamy sand with low pH. The environmental advantage in using glyphosate due to its rapid degradation is counterbalanced by accumulation of aminomethylphosphonic acid specifically in the context of extensive use of glyphosate. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Ethnic variation in the prevalence of echogenic intracardiac foci and the association with Down syndrome
Authors: Tran S. H. , Caughey A. B. , Norton M. E. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether the prevalence of fetal echogenic intracardiac foci (EIF) differs according to maternal ethnicity.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of all women undergoing second‐trimester diagnostic ultrasound examination and amniocentesis at a prenatal diagnosis referral center from January 1 2000 to July 1 2003. Data were collected on the presence of EIF, gestational age at time of ultrasound scan, karyotype results, maternal age and ethnicity. Univariate and multivariate analyses of EIF, ethnicity and presence of aneuploidy were conducted.ResultsAmong the 7480 women qualifying for the study, EIF were found in 309 (4.1%). When maternal ethnicity was subdivided into Caucasian, African‐American, Hispanic, Asian‐American, Native American, Asian Indian, and Middle Eastern, the highest rates of EIF were found in fetuses of African‐American (6.7%), Asian‐American (6.9%), and Middle Eastern (8.1%) mothers compared to a rate of 3.3% in Caucasians (P < 0.001). In all ethnic groups except Hispanics, EIF was associated with an increased risk for Down syndrome (odds ratio range from 1.8 to 15.7).ConclusionsAfrican‐American, Asian‐American, and Middle Eastern patients are more likely than patients of other ethnicities to have a fetus with an EIF. Even controlling for ethnicity, fetuses with an EIF still have an increased risk for Down syndrome. As more data accumulate, the prevalence of EIF and its association with Down syndrome among different ethnic groups can be incorporated into patient counseling. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal growth in Peru: comparisons with international fetal size charts and implications for fetal growth assessment
Authors: Merialdi M. , Caulfield L. E. , Zavaleta N. , Figueroa A. , Costigan K. A. , Dominici F. , Dipietro J. A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractObjectivesTo compare fetal biometry measurements obtained in a Peruvian population with reference fetal size charts obtained in Peruvian and non‐Peruvian populations.MethodsFetal biometry measurements collected prospectively in 195 uncomplicated pregnancies were included in the presented analysis. At 20, 24, 28, 32, 36 and 38 weeks' gestation, fetal head circumference, abdominal circumference and femur diaphysis length were measured. Fetal biometry measurements were compared with fetal size charts obtained from another Peruvian and two non‐Peruvian populations from North America and Europe.ResultsWhen compared with ultrasound‐based reference fetal size charts obtained from North American and European populations, fetuses from the studied population appeared to grow more slowly with advancing gestational age. This trend was not observed when a Peruvian population, similar to the one studied here, was used as a reference.ConclusionsThe results suggest that fetal growth in this Peruvian population may not be adequately assessed by using reference charts obtained from other populations and have implications for the use of growth standards in antenatal management. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Listening to patients' needs to improve their subjective quality of life
Authors: LASALVIA ANTONIO , BONETTO CHIARA , MALCHIODI FRANCESCA , SALVI GIOVANNI , PARABIAGHI ALBERTO , TANSELLA MICHELE , RUGGERI MIRELLA 
Published: July 2005

Background. Subjective quality of life has gained a crucial role as a global measure of outcome in mental health care. This study aimed to investigate the impact of meeting needs for care, as assessed by both patients and mental health professionals, to improve the subjective quality of life in a sample of patients receiving community-based psychiatric care.Method. The study was conducted using a 4-year prospective longitudinal design. A cohort of patients from the South-Verona Community-based Mental Health Service (CMHS) was assessed at baseline and follow-up using, among other social and clinical measures, the Camberwell Assessment of Need (both staff and patient versions) and the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile. Predictors of changes of subjective quality of life were explored using block-stratified multiple regression procedures.Results. Improvement in patients' clinical conditions as well as the reduction in patient-rated unmet needs in the social domain predicted an increase in subjective quality of life over 4 years; changes in staff-rated needs did not show any association with changes in subjective quality of life.Conclusions. Meeting self-perceived social needs, beyond symptoms reduction, seems to be of particular importance for ensuring a better quality of life for people with mental disorders. If the main goal of mental health care is to improve the quality of life of users, a policy of actively addressing patient-rated needs should be implemented.
Depression in the Chinese: the impact of acculturation
Authors: PARKER GORDON , CHAN BIBIANA , TULLY LUCY , EISENBRUCH MAURICE 
Published: July 2005

Background. Studies of depression in the Chinese have long identified low rates and a greater likelihood of somatization, findings which could reflect cultural influences or real differences. We report a study from a western region examining the impact of acculturation on depression to clarify the role of cultural factors.Method. In a Sydney-based study, Chinese subjects (n=385) and a matched control group of 143 non-Chinese subjects completed either a Chinese or English questionnaire assessing state and lifetime depression, attributional style, depression recognition and help-seeking. The impact of acculturation was examined by several strategies.Results. Any tendency by the Chinese to somatize depression appeared to be attenuated by acculturation. State depression levels countered the view that Chinese necessarily deny depression. Lifetime depression rate differences were also attenuated by acculturation, with Chinese subjects being less likely than controls to judge episodes as a distinct disorder and to seek professional help.Conclusions. Results suggest that Australian Chinese do not differ intrinsically in recognizing and ascribing depressive symptoms, and that the greater the degree of acculturation, the greater the tendency for reporting persistent and impairing depressive episodes.
Detection of hepatitis A virus from clotting factors implicated as a source of HAV infection among haemophilia patients in Korea
Authors: JEE Y. M. , GO U. , CHEON D. , KANG Y. , YOON J.-D. , LEE S.-W. , SHIN Y. H. , KIM K.-S. , LEE J.-K. , JEONG E.-K. , YANG B.-K. , CHO H. W. 
Published: July 2005

SUMMARYTo investigate the causal relationship of blood clotting factors and hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection in haemophilia patients during 1998–1999 in Korea, we performed a 1:3 matched case-control study and molecular detection of HAV from clotting factors and patients. The epidemiological investigation showed that one lot of clotting factor VIII was related epidemiologically to patients with hepatitis A with an odds ratio of 35·0, or 38·4 when adjusted for the interval between injections. We examined 17 sera collected from seven patients and 124 lots of blood clotting factors (factor VIII and factor IV) by HAV reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). HAV RNA was detected in five clotting factors and six sera. The HAV sequence of one of the factor VIII samples was identical to the sequences found in three patients' sera. Findings from the laboratory and epidemiological studies suggested that the clotting factor was causally related to HAV infection in three haemophilia patients.
Frequency of infectious gastrointestinal illness in Australia, 2002: regional, seasonal and demographic variation
Authors: HALL G. V. , KIRK M. D. , ASHBOLT R. , STAFFORD R. , LALOR K. ,   the OzFoodNet Working Group
Published: July 2005

SUMMARYTo estimate the frequency of infectious gastroenteritis across Australia, and to identify risk factors, we conducted a national telephone survey of 6087 randomly selected respondents in 2001–2002. The case definition was three or more loose stools and/or two or more vomits in a 24-hour period in the last 4 weeks, with adjustment to exclude non-infectious causes and symptoms secondary to a respiratory infection. Frequency data were weighted to the Australian population. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess potential risk factors including season, region, demographic and socioeconomic status. Among contacted individuals, 67% responded. The case definition applied to 7% of respondents (450/6087) which extrapolates to 17·2 million (95% CI 14·5–19·9 million) cases of gastroenteritis in Australia in one year, or 0·92 (95% CI 0·77–1·06) cases/person per year. In the multivariate model, the odds of having gastroenteritis were increased in summer and in the warmest state, in young children, females, those with higher socioeconomic status and those without health insurance.
Can syndromic surveillance data detect local outbreaks of communicable disease? A model using a historical cryptosporidiosis outbreak
Authors: COOPER D. L. , VERLANDER N. Q. , SMITH G. E. , CHARLETT A. , GERARD E. , WILLOCKS L. , O'BRIEN S. 
Published: July 2005

SUMMARYA national UK surveillance system currently uses data from a health helpline (NHS Direct) in an attempt to provide early warning of a bio-terrorist attack, or an outbreak caused by a more common infection. To test this syndromic surveillance system we superimposed data from a historical outbreak of cryptosporidiosis onto a statistical model of NHS Direct call data. We modelled whether calls about diarrhoea (a proxy for cryptosporidiosis) exceeded a statistical threshold, thus alerting the surveillance team to the outbreak. On the date that the public health team were first notified of the outbreak our model predicted a 4% chance of detection when we assumed that one-twentieth of cryptosporidiosis cases telephoned the helpline. This rose to a 72% chance when we assumed nine-tenths of cases telephoned. The NHS Direct surveillance system is currently unlikely to detect an event similar to the cryptosporidiosis outbreak used here and may be most suited to detecting more widespread rises in syndromes in the community, as previously demonstrated. However, the expected rise in NHS Direct call rates, should improve early warning of outbreaks using call data.
Helicobacter pyloriinfection and typhoid fever in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: VOLLAARD A. M. , VERSPAGET H. W. , ALI S. , VISSER L. G. , VEENENDAAL R. A. , VAN ASTEN H. A. G. H. , WIDJAJA S. , SURJADI CH. , VAN DISSEL J. T. 
Published: July 2005

SUMMARYWe evaluated the association between typhoid fever andHelicobacter pyloriinfection, as the latter microorganism may influence gastric acid secretion and consequently increase susceptibility toSalmonella typhiinfection. Anti-H. pyloriIgG and IgA antibody titres (ELISA) and gastrin concentration (RIA) were determined in the plasma of 87 blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever cases (collected after clinical recovery) and 232 random healthy controls without a history of typhoid fever, in the Jatinegara district, Jakarta. Patients with typhoid fever more often than controls were seropositive forH. pyloriIgG (67%vs. 50%,P<0·008), when antibody titres were dichotomized around median titres observed in controls.H. pyloriIgA seropositivity was not associated with typhoid fever. Plasma gastrin concentrations indicative of hypochlorhydria (i.e. gastrin ⩾25 or ⩾100 ng/l) were not significantly elevated in typhoid fever cases compared to controls (P=0·54 andP=0·27 respectively). In a multivariate analysis, typhoid fever was independently associated with young age (<33 years, median age of the controls) [odds ratio (OR) 7·93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3·90–16·10], andH. pyloriIgG seropositivity (OR 1·93, 95% CI 1·10–3·40). Typhoid fever was independently associated withH. pyloriIgG seropositivity, but not with elevated gastrin concentration. Therefore, the association suggests a common risk of environmental exposure to both bacteria, e.g. poor hygiene, rather than a causal relationship via reduced gastric acid production.
Transforming the Developmental Welfare State in East Asia
Authors: Kwon Huck‐ju 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThis article attempts to explain changes and continuity in the developmental welfare states in Korea and Taiwan within the East Asian context. It first elaborates two strands of welfare developmentalism (selective vs. inclusive), and establishes that the welfare state in both countries fell into the selective category of developmental welfare states before the Asian economic crisis of 1997. The key principles of the selective strand of welfare developmentalism are productivism, selective social investment and authoritarianism; inclusive welfare development is based on productivism, universal social investment and democratic governance. The article then argues that the policy reform toward an inclusive welfare state in Korea and Taiwan was triggered by the need for structural reform in the economy. The need for economic reform, together with democratization, created institutional space in policy‐making for advocacy coalitions, which made successful advances towards greater social rights. Finally, the article argues that the experiences of Korea and Taiwan counter the neo‐liberal assertion that the role of social policy in economic development is minor, and emphasizes that the idea of an inclusive developmental welfare state should be explored in the wider context of economic and social development.
The Response to HIV/AIDS and the Construction of National Legitimacy: Lessons from Uganda
Authors: Parkhurst Justin O. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractUganda faces continual challenges as a low‐income nation reliant on international donors and non‐state actors. It was also one of the first countries to face a population‐wide HIV epidemic, a disease that can strain state capacity to its limits. One would expect that such a combination would weaken the governance structures in a developing country; yet, if anything, the Ugandan state has emerged from its HIV crisis with its legitimacy bolstered. This article reviews the Ugandan response to HIV/AIDS, analysing the ways in which the epidemic has provided a new arena for the Ugandan state to engage with international actors.
Food web changes in arctic ecosystems related to climate warming
Authors: Quinlan Roberto , Douglas Marianne S.V. , Smol John P. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSedimentary records from three Canadian High Arctic ponds on Ellesmere Island, spanning the last several thousand years, show major shifts in pond communities within the last ∼200 years. These paleolimnological data indicate that aquatic insect (Diptera: Chironomidae) populations rapidly expanded and greatly increased in community diversity beginning in the 19th century. These invertebrate changes coincided with striking shifts in algal (diatom) populations, indicating strong food‐web effects because of climate warming and reduced ice‐cover in ponds. Predicted future warming in the Arctic may produce ecological changes that exceed the large shifts that have already occurred since the 19th century.