bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Multistage Aging Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of α + β-Type Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy
Authors: Awad Ahmed H. , El-Hadad Shimaa , Ahmed Mostafa , Elshaer Ramadan N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe influence of multistage heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy used for functional structures was systematically studied. Cast Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy samples were subjected to hot forging, annealing, and multiple stages of heat treatments. The relationship between volume fraction of α-phase and the mechanical properties was investigated. Herein, multiple heat treatment steps were selected based on the dilatometric analysis, at the end of the beta transformation and the start of the beta transformation, followed by aging at low temperature, i.e., 500 °C. A higher volume fraction of α-phase leads to higher strength but lower ductility. The yield, ultimate tensile strengths, and ductility of the annealed alloy are 822 MPa, 1019 MPa, and 10%, respectively. The corresponding values for the alloy treated at 900 °C followed by WQ are 777 MPa, 932 MPa, and 16%, while the aged alloy has 879 MPa, 967 MPa, and 12%, respectively. A trade-off between strength and ductility was attained. Besides, the microstructural evolution of the studied conditions was also covered in depth.
Graphical Abstract
Estimation of stability index for symmetric $$\alpha $$-stable distribution using quantile conditional variance ratios
Authors: Pączek Kewin , Jelito Damian , Pitera Marcin , Wyłomańska Agnieszka 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe class of$$\alpha $$α-stable distributions is widely used in various applications, especially for modeling heavy-tailed data. Although the$$\alpha $$α-stable distributions have been used in practice for many years, new methods for identification, testing, and estimation are still being refined and new approaches are being proposed. The constant development of new statistical methods is related to the low efficiency of existing algorithms, especially when the underlying sample is small or the distribution is close to Gaussian. In this paper, we propose a new estimation algorithm for the stability index, for samples from the symmetric$$\alpha $$α-stable distribution. The proposed approach is based on a quantile conditional variance ratio. We study the statistical properties of the proposed estimation procedure and show empirically that our methodology often outperforms other commonly used estimation algorithms. Moreover, we show that our statistic extracts unique sample characteristics that can be combined with other methods to refine existing methodologies via ensemble methods. Although our focus is set on the symmetric$$\alpha $$α-stable case, we demonstrate that the considered statistic is insensitive to the skewness parameter change, so our method could be also used in a more generic framework. For completeness, we also show how to apply our method to real data linked to financial market and plasma physics.
Location optimization of on-campus bicycle-sharing electronic fences
Authors: Fu Jiali , Shi Yuqian , Hu Yujia , Ming Yue , Zou Bipan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the bicycle-sharing operation network, the mismatch between supply and demand as well as indiscriminate bicycle parking have caused the waste of resources and increased management costs for operators. This study presents design of a bike-sharing electronic fences location developed for Hunan University of Technology and Business. In this paper, we constructed Site Selection Model with Constrained Service Level and use Hybrid Genetic & Annealing algorithm (HGAA) to adjust the location of electronic fences to balance the supply and demand of sharing bicycles with the objective function of minimizing the cost and ensuring the service level, and we use Hunan University of Technology and Industry as an example to verify the effectiveness of the method.
Design and Implementation of Physical Education Teaching Management System Based on Multi-agent Model
Authors: Xie Shaokang , Xu Jiayun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe traditional physical education (PE) teaching management system is usually controlled and managed by a single center, which cannot meet the diversified and personalized teaching needs. Therefore, the research of PE teaching management system based on multi-agent mode has become an important direction. The purpose of this paper was to discuss how to improve the effect and quality of PE teaching and enhance students' learning enthusiasm and initiative through the design of multi-agent mode PE teaching management system. The PE teaching management system based on multi-agent mode provides more flexible and personalized teaching management services by utilizing the cooperation and interaction between agents, realizes the information exchange between teachers and students, provides real-time teaching feedback and evaluation, and promotes the sharing and collaboration of teaching resources. Therefore, the operating efficiency of the conventional physical education management system was the highest at 75% and the lowest at 67%, according to the experimental findings of this paper. The multi-agent model-based management system for physical education had a 95 percent maximum operating efficiency and an 88% minimum operational efficiency. The minimum difference between the two was 21%, and the maximum difference was 20%. It can be seen that the operation efficiency of the physical education management system based on the multi-agent model is more advantageous and more stable.
Bilateral trade of films, religion, and democracy (2002–2015)
Authors: Costa Maria Gabriella Oliveira , Nishijima Marislei , Schor Adriana , Perlotti Edgar Antônio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSome studies have already expressed the importance of cultural traits as key determinants of international trade in cultural goods. However, since a film is a cultural good and an important tool to promote cultural influence by soft power, we investigate whether the lack of democracy and different religions can be viewed as barriers to international trade. Religions, similar to autocracies, do not have good eyes for some types of behaviors that film consumption can instigate. Thus, focusing on conditional correlations between bilateral trade of films, religion, and democracy level, we employ a gravity framework using data between 2002 and 2015. As far as we are aware, this study signifies the pioneering effort to comprehensively examine these potential barriers collectively. Results indicate that democracy levels and different religions are potential barriers to film international trade.
Hablando at home: Examining the interactional resources of a bilingual autistic child
Authors: COHEN S. R. , WISHARD GUERRA A. , MIGUEL J. , BOTTEMA-BEUTEL K. , OLIVEIRA G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDaily language interactions predict child outcomes. For multilingual families who rear neurodiverse children and who may be minoritized for their language use, a dearth of research examines families’ daily language interactions. Utilizing a language socialization framework and a case study methodology, 4,991 English and Spanish utterances from a 5-year old autistic child and his family were collected during naturally occurring interactions over 10 days. Utterances were analyzed for patterns of code-switching by speaker, activity setting, English or Spanish initial language, and code-switch function. Spanish was spoken in most activities. For reading, both languages were equally employed by the father. While participants used both languages across all activity settings, significant variations in code-switching type and function were observed by activity setting and speaker. We discuss implications for how home language resources can be integrated into autism interventions.
Guangdong Lightning Mapping Array: Errors Evaluation and Preliminary Results
Authors: Zhang Huiyi , Zhang Yang , Fan Yanfeng , Zhang Yijun , Krehbiel Paul R. , Lyu Weitao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Guangdong Lightning Mapping Array (GDLMA), as the first LMA in China, was deployed in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, in November 2018 by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences and New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology. An evaluation was conducted using Monte Carlo and an aircraft track. The average timing uncertainty of GDLMA is 35 ns based on the distributions of reduced chi‐square values. Based on the aircraft track, the average horizontal error is 13 m and the average vertical error is 41 m at an altitude of 4–5 km over the network, consistent with the Monte Carlo results. Location errors outside the network exhibit noticeable directionality. The ability to characterize lightning channels varies with different location errors. In locations that are far from the network center, only the basic structure of lightning flash can be presented, while closer to the network, the flash channel structure can be mapped well. Compared with Low‐to‐Mid Frequency E‐field Detection Array (MLFEDA), they were generally similar in overall structure, and some lightning flash characteristics such as flash duration and coverage area exhibited consistency. However, GDLMA demonstrated better flash channel structure characterization capability, while MLFEDA performed better in processes such as leader/return strokes. In addition, based on the comparison of spatial positions of one‐on‐one discharge events, we found that very high frequency sources were more located ahead of low frequency sources in the direction of lightning channel development.
Reconstruction of Near‐Surface Hourly Wind Speed Data Sets During the Period 1959–2021 Over China
Authors: Cheng Chad Shouquan , Yang Shufeng , Zhu Jian , Yang Tao , Nie Gaozhen , Tang Jian , Lu Yanyan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe reconstruction models of hourly 10‐m wind speeds were developed for each of 2384 stations over China using stepwise regression, random forest and XGBoost machine learning approaches based on hourly observed and ERA5 reanalysis data from 2005 to 2021. The reconstruction procedures applied observed hourly data to reduce the systematic biases of reanalysis data sets. Furthermore, the procedures employed the past dynamically consistent states of the atmosphere simulated by ERA5 reanalysis techniques to reduce/remove wind‐observed data impacts of long‐term non‐meteorological condition changes over time (e.g., urbanization around weather stations), which provide homogenous hourly wind speed data sets from 1959 to 2021. The systematic errors of the models' simulations derived from three approaches are similarly small, with almost two orders of magnitude smaller than ERA5 original data sets. The systematic errors of reconstructed data sets derived from stepwise regression are similar to its simulation; however, the biases from two machine learning methods are even much greater than ERA5 original data sets. This result implies that machine learning methods are not suitable for such typical time‐series predictions using the previous‐hour wind speed as a predictor to reconstruct wind speed data for the next hour. Therefore, stepwise regression was selected to reconstruct hourly wind speed data sets, which have much better quality than ERA5 reanalysis data with the median correctness increased by >50% and the median rRMSE decreased by 25%–50%. Consequently, the reconstructed wind speed data sets have great potential to be useful for more precisely assessing the characteristics/trends of wind energy resources in the past 60 years over China.
Design and Instrument Characterization of the High‐Energy Resolution Relativistic Electron Telescope (HERT) Using Geant4 Simulation
Authors: Krantz Skyler , Zhao Hong , Blum Lauren , Li Xinlin , Cantilina Jared 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEarth's outer radiation belt is filled with relativistic (∼100s of keV–3 MeV) and ultrarelativistic (∼>3 MeV) electrons. The acceleration of electrons to these high energies are believed to be caused by inward radial transport and local acceleration, but the relative importance of the two mechanisms to electrons with different energies are still under considerate debate. In the post Van Allen Probes era, measurements of radiation belt populations must rely on small space missions such as CubeSats and SmallSats. The Miniaturized High‐Energy‐Resolution relativistic electron Telescope (HERT) is a compact (≤3U) telescope designed for a CubeSat mission in geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO). HERT's main objective is to provide high‐energy‐resolution measurements of outer belt electrons in an energy range of ∼1–7 MeV to help differentiate the contribution of inward radial transport and local acceleration. Geant4 simulations were conducted to characterize the instrument responses. A novel method of using a spherical cap particle source in Geant4 simulation was developed for more efficient instrument characterization. Combined with Bow tie analysis, it is demonstrated that HERT will have an energy resolution of 5% for ∼1.5–3 MeV electrons and 12% for ∼3–7 MeV with current electronics design. In addition, using the AE9 model, we showed the instrument would have statistically sufficient count rates in the outer belt while not saturating the electronics. With a compact configuration and higher energy resolution in comparison to previous instruments, HERT will significantly contribute to the quantitative understanding of the radiation belt electron dynamics.
Ionospheric Flow Vortex Induced by the Sudden Decrease in the Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure
Authors: Jin Yaqi , Moen Jøran Idar , Spicher Andres , Liu Jianjun , Clausen Lasse B. N. , Miloch Wojciech J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAbrupt changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure can greatly affect the Earth's magnetosphere‐ionosphere system. We present an ionospheric flow vortex in the morning sector during the sudden decrease in the solar wind dynamic pressure. The flow vortex was clearly observed by both the Hankasalmi radar and the azimuthal scan mode of the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) Svalbard Radar (ESR). The flow vortex was first seen in the eastern field of view (FOV) of the Hankasalmi radar, and then propagated poleward and westward into the FOV of the ESR. During the passage of the flow vortex, a gradual decrease of electron density was observed by the field‐aligned ESR 42 m antenna. When the equatorward directed ionospheric flow reached the ESR site, weak and visible increases in the electron density and electron temperature were observed. This impact was likely caused by soft electron precipitation associated with the clockwise flow vortex and upward field‐aligned current. The azimuthal scan mode of the ESR 32 m radar at low elevation angle (30°) allowed us to measure key ionospheric parameters over a larger area (6° in latitude and 120° in azimuthal angle). The latitudinal scan of the electron temperature was used to proxy the equatorward auroral boundary, which shows that the flow vortex was located in the subauroral region. We further demonstrated that it is possible to study the weak increase of electron density by using GPS total electron content (TEC) data. A minor TEC increase was observed near the center of the flow vortex.
Electron Dynamics and Whistler‐Mode Waves Inside the Short Large‐Amplitude Magnetic Field Structures
Authors: Bai Shi‐Chen , Shi Quanqi , Zhang Hui , Guo Ruilong , Shen Xiao‐Chen , Liu Terry Z. , Degeling Alexander W. , Tian Anmin , Bu Yude , Zhang Shuai , Wang Mengmeng , Ma Xiao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe investigate the electron dynamics and generation of whistler‐mode waves inside a short large‐amplitude magnetic structure (SLAMS) based on Magnetospheric Multiscale Satellite observations and test particle simulations. The buildup of energetic reflected ions caused by the SLAMS's intense magnetic fields favors the resonance condition of solar wind ions of ion‐ion non‐resonant mode. This might further steepen the SLAMS, leading to the Betatron acceleration of electrons and generating the whistler‐mode waves locally ahead of the peak of the magnetic field. In regions behind the peaked magnetic field, electrons are decelerated by the convection electric field during gradient drift and the whistler‐mode waves are rapidly decayed. Our study provides new insights into electron acceleration and the generation of whistler‐mode waves near the quasi‐parallel shock.
Relationship Between Explosive and Effusive Volcanism in the Montes Apenninus Region of the Moon
Authors: Pigue L. M. , Bennett K. A. , Horgan B. H. N. , Gaddis L. R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLunar Pyroclastic Deposits (LPDs) are sites of explosive volcanism and often occur in areas of effusive volcanism on the Moon. On Earth, it has been observed that most volcanism has both effusive and explosive phases, whereas on the Moon, these two types of volcanism have typically been considered separately. We hypothesize that the relationship between explosive and effusive volcanism on the Moon is similar to what is observed on the Earth, where individual eruptions can experience multiple phases rather than one type of volcanism always preceding another or occurring separately. We present observations from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper detailing compositional relationships between volcanic features in the lunar Montes Apenninus region. We evaluated whether co‐located LPDs and effusive features (e.g., rilles, mare) could have erupted from the same volcanic vent or even at the same time based on their compositional similarities and stratigraphic relationships. We found that the LPDs have varied stratigraphic relationships with co‐located effusive features. We identified LPDs near sinuous rilles that may be related to the formation of the rille, where explosive and effusive volcanism occurred at the same vent (e.g., Mozart Rille), and LPDs that may be unrelated to the rille (e.g., Rimae Bode and Rima Bode LPD). Our results suggest that lunar volcanism can mirror terrestrial volcanism, with explosive and effusive eruptions demonstrating more complex dynamics and relationships than previously thought. This variability suggests that the relationship between LPDs and nearby volcanic features cannot be generalized for studies on their resource potential, eruption styles, or deposit volume.
The Role of Riverine Bed Roughness, Egg Pocket Location, and Egg Pocket Permeability on Salmonid Redd‐Induced Hyporheic Flows
Authors: Bhattarai Bishal , Hilliard Brandon , Reeder William J. , Budwig Ralph , Martin Benjamin T. , Xing Tao , Tonina Daniele 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSalmon spawning activities alter streambed morphology, forming a dune‐shaped egg nest called a redd. The spawning process increases redd sediment hydraulic conductivity, KD, by removing fines, creating an egg pocket with larger sediment grains such that egg pocket hydraulic conductivity, KEP, may be higher than KD. Salmon females may create one or more egg pockets within a single redd. Although the impact of redd shape and KD on redd‐induced hyporheic fluxes has been studied, the effects of streambed roughness, R, egg pocket permeability, and egg pocket location on egg pocket hyporheic fluxes, , (downwelling flows from the stoss side of the redd which may enter egg pockets) have not yet been quantified. This study investigates this knowledge gap with a set of numerical simulations supported by flume experiments. We simulated hyporheic flows for five egg pocket locations, five KEP values from 0.0025 to 0.02 m/s, and 12 rough streambed surfaces. Surface roughness was scaled from a measured streambed surface in two ways—only vertically (R1) and both vertically and horizontally (R2)—with scaling coefficients ranging from 0.5 to 3. The measured streambed surface had a median diameter, D50, of 1 cm and a standard deviation (σD) of 0.77 cm. The results indicate that the dimensionless flux into the egg pocket, increases noticeably with the downstream distance of egg pockets from the redd pit, and less strongly with . The near‐surface downwelling fluxes significantly increase with R1, but only negligibly with R2, and for deeper egg pockets, is minimally impacted by surface roughness. Our results suggest that the typical simplification of a smooth redd surface with a single redd hydraulic conductivity provides a good representation of the interstitial flow within the redd, and the effects of surface roughness and egg pocket hydraulic conductivity on fall within the uncertainty of the egg pocket location.
The impact of cumulative obstetric complications and childhood trauma on brain volume in young people with psychotic experiences
Authors: Merritt Kate , Luque Laguna Pedro , Sethi Arjun , Drakesmith Mark , Ashley Sarah A. , Bloomfield Michael , Fonville Leon , Perry Gavin , Lancaster Tom , Dimitriadis Stavros I. , Zammit Stanley , Evans C. John , Lewis Glyn , Kempton Matthew J. , Linden David E. J. , Reichenberg Abraham , Jones Derek K. , David Anthony S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPsychotic experiences (PEs) occur in 5–10% of the general population and are associated with exposure to childhood trauma and obstetric complications. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these associations are unclear. Using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), we studied 138 young people aged 20 with PEs (n = 49 suspected, n = 53 definite, n = 36 psychotic disorder) and 275 controls. Voxel-based morphometry assessed whether MRI measures of grey matter volume were associated with (i) PEs, (ii) cumulative childhood psychological trauma (weighted summary score of 6 trauma types), (iii) cumulative pre/peri-natal risk factors for psychosis (weighted summary score of 16 risk factors), and (iv) the interaction between PEs and cumulative trauma or pre/peri-natal risk. PEs were associated with smaller left posterior cingulate (pFWE < 0.001, Z = 4.19) and thalamus volumes (pFWE = 0.006, Z = 3.91). Cumulative pre/perinatal risk was associated with smaller left subgenual cingulate volume (pFWE < 0.001, Z = 4.54). A significant interaction between PEs and cumulative pre/perinatal risk found larger striatum (pFWE = 0.04, Z = 3.89) and smaller right insula volume extending into the supramarginal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus (pFWE = 0.002, Z = 4.79), specifically in those with definite PEs and psychotic disorder. Cumulative childhood trauma was associated with larger left dorsal striatum (pFWE = 0.002, Z = 3.65), right prefrontal cortex (pFWE < 0.001, Z = 4.63) and smaller left insula volume in all participants (pFWE = 0.03, Z = 3.60), and there was no interaction with PEs group. In summary, pre/peri-natal risk factors and childhood psychological trauma impact similar brain pathways, namely smaller insula and larger striatum volumes. The effect of pre/perinatal risk was greatest in those with more severe PEs, whereas effects of trauma were seen in all participants. In conclusion, environmental risk factors affect brain networks implicated in schizophrenia, which may increase an individual’s propensity to develop later psychotic disorders.