bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can You Keep a (Genetic) Secret? The Genetic Privacy Movement
Authors: Everett Margaret 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis paper reviews the literature on genetic privacy, especially since 1995 and the first proposal for national genetic privacy legislation. Since that time, a majority of states have passed some form of genetic privacy legislation, and efforts to pass federal legislation are ongoing. Such new laws, however, remain untested in the courts and their effects are unclear. If they fail to provide additional protections against discrimination for most people, their most significant impact may be in their ability to either diminish or enhance the power of genetic information and to influence the way individuals view themselves and others. How does “genetic exceptionalism”—the idea that genetic information is different from other types of medical information—relate to “genetic essentialism”—the idea that we are to a large extent shaped by our genes? Anthropological views on genetics and personhood bring a new perspective to this ongoing debate. Implications for counseling practices are also explored.
Outcome after Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis of Occluded Prosthetic Femoropopliteal Bypasses: A prospective study
Authors: Sandbæk G. , Staxrud L.E. , Rosén L. , Slagsvold C.-E. , Stavis P. , Bay D. , Gjølberg T. , Kolmannskog F. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To evaluate the outcome after catheter-directed thrombolysis of occluded femoropopliteal prosthetic bypasses with the distal anastomosis above the knee. Material and Methods: Twenty-one patients were included in this prospective study. End-hole catheters, a bolus dose and continuous infusion of recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator (rt-PA) were used, with a median total dose of 10 mg (range 7–20 mg). Results: With an intra-thrombotic position of the catheter, total or subtotal lysis was obtained in 19 of 21 patients (90%). No serious complications occurred. In 9 patients, the stenoses were successfully treated with balloon angioplasty (PTA, n = 5), local thrombectomy/extension of bypass (n = 3), or with a new bypass (n = 1). After a median observation time of 18 months (6–24), 5 patients had open bypass. Re-occlusion occurred in all (6/6) bypasses in which no flow-limiting lesion was discovered, in all (4/4) bypasses treated twice with thrombolysis, as well as in all bypasses in which stenoses had not been adequately treated (3/3). One bypass re-occluded immediately due to poor runoff. Conclusion: In the present study, 19/21 infra-inguinal prosthetic bypasses were successfully treated with catheter-directed thrombolysis. However, re-occlusion often took place, especially in bypasses without flow-limiting lesions. If re-occlusion occurs in a bypass in which no stenoses were revealed during the primary thrombolysis procedure, a second catheter-directed thrombolytic treatment does not seem to be warranted. Our results confirm that treatment of flow-limiting lesions is a prerequisite for maintaining patency.
Diagnostic accuracy of helical CT arterial portography and CT hepatic arteriography for hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic liver damage: An ROC analysis
Authors: Makita O. , Yamashita Y. , Arakawa A. , Nakayama Y. , Mitsuzaki K. , Ando M. , Namimoto T. , Takahashi M. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To evaluate the detectability of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in chronic liver damage with helical CT arterial portography (CTAP) and CT hepatic arteriography (CTHA). Material and Methods: Thirty-nine HCC patients who underwent CTAP and CTHA were studied. Diagnostic abilities of CTAP alone, CTHA alone, or combined CTAP and CTHA were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Fifty-three images with 53 HCC nodules were evaluated. Tumor size ranged from 5 to 90 mm (mean 22.8 mm). Sensitivities and specificities for all techniques were calculated. Results: ROC analysis showed the diagnostic ability significantly better with combined CTAP and CTHA (mean area under the ROC curve (Az) = 0.95), or CTHA alone (Az = 0.93) than CTAP alone (Az = 0.87) ( p < 0.01). Combined CTAP and CTHA showed the best sensitivity (95.0%), followed by CTHA alone (88.1%) and CTAP alone (85.5%). The specificities of all three imaging techniques were relatively low (54.1% for combined CTAP and CTHA, 71.1% for CTHA alone, and 54.1% for CTAP alone) because of perfusion abnormalities of the liver parenchyma. Conclusion: The combination of CTAP and CTHA is superior to CTAP alone for detection of hypervascular HCCs. However, its specificity was relatively low in chronic liver damage.
Pancreaticobiliary diseases: Comparison of 2D single-shot turbo spin-echo MR cholangiopancreatography with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Arslan A. , Geitung J.T. , Viktil E. , Abdelnoor M. , Osnes M. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic value of MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) to that of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the diagnosis of various obstructive and nonobstructive pancreaticobiliary diseases. Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 153 patients who had undergone both MRCP and ERCP. Breath-hold, heavily T2-weighted images using 2D single-shot turbo spin-echo technique were obtained. MRCP and ERCP results were correlated with the final clinical diagnoses. Accuracy of MRCP and ERCP in the diagnosis of pancreaticobiliary diseases, detecting the cause and site of biliary obstruction, if present, and distinguishing malignant from benign cause of obstruction were compared. Results: Success rates of MRCP and ERCP were 98.7% and 89.5%, respectively. The accuracy of MRCP and ERCP in detecting the site of biliary obstruction was 89.7% and 96.2%, and in detecting the cause of biliary obstruction 69.2% and 71.8%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios for positive and negative tests for MRCP and ERCP in distinguishing malignant biliary obstruction from benign causes were 86.4%, 82.4%, 4.9, 0.2 and 88.6%, 94.1%, 15.1, 0.1, respectively. Concordance between the two tests was 91% (kappa coefficient 0.82, standard error of kappa 0.113, p<0.001). In the group of nonobstructive biliary diseases, accuracy of MRCP and ERCP in detecting cholecystolithiasis were 100% and 73.7%, and in detecting pancreatitis 57% and 14%, respectively. Conclusion: 2D single-shot turbo spin-echo MRCP can be performed as a complement to ERCP and can replace ERCP in high-risk patients and in case of unsuccessful cannulation.
Investigation of binding of 125I-Iodixanol to high molecular weight substances after incubation with rat liver homogenates
Authors: Jacobsen P. Balke , Oulie I. , Christiansen C. , Skotland T. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: It has recently been shown that incubation of iodixanol in rat liver homogenates resulted in formation of iodixanol metabolites. The present study was performed to see if this incubation resulted in any binding of iodixanol to high molecular weight substances, as such a high molecular weight conjugate of iodixanol theoretically might cause initiation of an immune response against this contrast agent. Material and Methods:125I-iodixanol was incubated with rat liver homogenates for 1 h at 37°C and 17 h at 25°C followed by analysis of the supernatant fractions using gel-permeation chromatography with on-line radiochemical detection. Results: No traces of radioactivity could be detected in the chromatograms, except at the retention time of free iodixanol. Conclusion: No binding of iodixanol to high molecular weight substances could be demonstrated after incubation of iodixanol with rat liver homogenates.
Early response of breast cancer bone metastases to chemotherapy evaluated with MR imaging
Authors: Çiray I. , Lindman H. , Åström K.G.O. , Bergh J. , Ahlström K.H. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To compare T1-weighted spin-echo and fat-suppressed long echo time inversion recovery turbo spin-echo (long TE IR-TSE) MR images in the evaluation of early response of breast cancer bone metastases to chemotherapy. Material and Methods: Eighteen breast cancer patients with known bone metastases were investigated prospectively by MR, using T1-weighted and long TE IR-TSE sequences on the sternum, spine, pelvis and proximal femora, before and after a median of 6 courses of chemotherapy. Therapeutic response evaluation with MR was based on change in tumor size assessed quantitatively by measuring all focal metastases, and change in pattern and signal intensity (SI) of the metastases, assessed visually. Combined response evaluation based on clinical findings, conventional radiography, and scintigraphy was used as reference. Results: Progressive disease (2 patients) and no change (4 patients) were assessed equally well on both MR sequences. Long TE IR-TSE demonstrated partial response with higher accuracy than T1-weighted images, 58% (7/12 patients) vs. 17% (2/12 patients). In patients without progression there was an SI increase in or around the metastases in 6 patients on T1-weighted images and in 7 patients on long TE IR-TSE images. Conclusion: The long TE IR-TSE sequence demonstrated early partial response of breast cancer bone metastases to chemotherapy more accurately than the T1-weighted sequence.
Visualization of tumor vessels in renal tumors: Comparison between power Doppler ultrasonography and angiography
Authors: Tamura Y. , Jinzaki M. , Ohkuma K. , Narimatsu Y. , Hashimoto S. , Tanimoto A. , Hiramatsu K. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To compare the ability of power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS) with that of renal angiography for assessment of renal tumor vessels. Material and Methods: We performed PDUS and angiography in 52 histologically proven renal parenchymal tumors (50 renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) and 2 oncocytomas), and compared vascularity on PDUS and angiography. The vascularity of PDUS was graded as follows: grade 0 - no recognizable tumor vessel; grade 1 - hypovascular to surrounding renal interlobar arteries; grade 2 - hyper- or isovascular to surrounding renal interlobar arteries. Results: With PDUS, 41 tumors were grade 2 and 11 were grade 1. With angiography, 44 lesions had iso/hypervascular pattern, 6 hypovascular pattern, and 2 were judged to be avascular. Among 44 iso/hypervascular tumors, 41 were grade 2, and 3 were grade 1. These latter 3 were located deeper than 7 cm. Six hypovascular tumors and 2 avascular tumors were grade 1. The 2 avascular tumors were small and hypovascular. The κ-level of agreement was 0.81. Conclusion: There was very good agreement betweeen PDUS and angiography in visualizing renal tumor vessels. PDUS appears appropriate for assessing renal tumor vascularity as compared to angiography in small and hypovascular lesions, but deep location reduced the detectability of tumor vessels with PDUS.
Brain MR perfusion imaging in humans: Advantages of high-molarity gadolinium chelates
Authors: Griffiths P.D. , Wilkinson I.D. , Wels T. , Hoggard N. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To evaluate any possible advantages of high-concentration gadolinium chelates in the human brain thin-slice MR. Material and Methods: Thirty-six patients were allocated into six groups. Three groups had perfusion imaging performed using 7-mm-thick slices and the other three groups had 4-mm-thick slices. One group who had 7-mm slices and one group of 4-mm slices had 0.5 M gadolinium (20 ml) whilst other groups received the high-concentration gadolinium (1.0 M: 10 ml and 20 ml). The time-intensity curves were analysed for maximum signal reduction and signal-to-noise measurements. Results: Twenty ml of the 1.0-M agent produced significantly increased maximum signal change and improvement in signal-to-noise when compared to 20 ml of 0.5 M. There was no significant difference between the maximum signal change when 20 ml of 0.5 M and 10 ml of 1.0 M agents were compared. There was no significant difference between the maximum signal changes when 7-mm and 4-mm slice thickness using the same dosing regimens. Conclusion: Four-mm slice thickness perfusion imaging can be performed with high-concentration gadolinium in the human brain and we discuss the advantages of this.
Assessment of the arteriovenous cerebrovascular system by multi-slice CT: A single-bolus, monophasic protocol
Authors: Klingebiel R. , Zimmer C. , Rogalla P. , Kivelitz D. , Bohner G. , Götze R. , Lehmann R. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: We present a protocol for the non-invasive angiographic assessment of the arterial and venous cerebrovascular (CV) system by multi-slice CT. Material and Methods: Data acquisition was performed in a multi-slice CT scanner with a scan range from the carotid bifurcation to the vertex and manual scan start following i.v. administration of 120 ml iodinated contrast medium with a flow rate of 4 ml/s. This protocol was applied in 12 patients with symptoms of acute CV insuffiency. Results: In all patients, comprehensive imaging of the arteriovenous CV system was achieved including the common carotid bifurcation, the third segment of the major cerebral arteries, the dural sinus and the internal cerebral veins. Various CV pathologies, such as a territorial artery occlusion, a thrombotic obstruction of the internal carotid artery, an intracranial arteriovenous malformation and a sinus vein thrombosis, were successfully evaluated. Conclusion: Comprehensive assessment of the arteriovenous CV system is possible by the use of a single-bolus, monophasic multi-slice scan technique.
An Evaluation of Hispanic Population Estimates*
Authors: Smith Stanley K. , Nogle June M. 
Published: July 2004

Objective. Estimates of the Hispanic population have traditionally been based on historical trends, ratios, or some variant of the cohort‐component method. In this article, we describe and test a methodology in which estimates of the Hispanic population are based on symptomatic indicators of population change such as births, deaths, and school enrollments.Methods. Using a variety of techniques, we develop Hispanic population estimates for counties in Florida. We evaluate the accuracy of those estimates by comparing them with 2000 Census counts.Results. Hispanic population estimates have larger errors than estimates of total population; errors vary considerably by population size and growth rate; some techniques perform better than others in places with particular population characteristics; and averages often perform better than individual techniques.Conclusions. In many circumstances, symptomatic data series can provide more accurate estimates of the Hispanic population than more commonly used techniques.
Pityriasis lichenoides: a cytotoxic T‐cell‐mediated skin disorder. Evidence of human parvovirus B19 DNA in nine cases
Authors: Tomasini Dario , Tomasini Carlo F. , Cerri Amilcare , Sangalli Gabriele , Palmedo Gabriele , Hantschke Markus , Kutzner Heinz 
Published: July 2004

Background:  Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) and pityriasis lichenoides chronica (PLC) probably represent the polar ends of the same pathologic process, i.e. pityriasis lichenoides (PL), with intermediate forms in between. Previous studies have demonstrated that the inflammatory infiltrate in PLEVA is composed of cytotoxic suppressor T cells, whereas in PLC the helper/inducer T‐cell population drives the immunological answer. Furthermore, monoclonal rearrangement of the T‐cell receptor‐γ (TCR‐γ) genes was repeatedly found both in PLEVA and PLC.Methods:  Forty‐one formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens of 40 cases of PL were retrieved from the files of the authors. Immunophenotyping for cytotoxic granular proteins (Tia‐1/GMP‐17 and Granzyme B) and T‐cell‐related antigens (n = 41), TCR‐γ chain gene analysis (n = 30) and molecular investigations for parvovirus B19 (PVB19) DNA (n = 30) were performed.Results:  Overlapping immunophenotypes were observed in PLEVA and PLC. The dermal and epidermal T cells predominantly expressed CD2, CD3, CD8, and Tia‐1 with a variable positivity for CD45RA, CD45RO, and Granzyme B. A monoclonal rearrangement pattern of the TCR‐γ genes was detected in three cases (10%). PVB19 DNA was found in nine cases (30%). T‐cell monoclonality in conjunction with genomic PVB19 DNA was present in one case.Conclusions:  Our results demonstrate that PL is a skin disorder mediated by the effector cytotoxic T‐cell population. The identification of PVB19 DNA in nine cases may be interpreted ambiguously: PVB19 as a true pathogen or as an innocent bystander.
Cellular neurothekeoma with histiocytic differentiation
Authors: Misago Noriyuki , Satoh Toshimi , Narisawa Yutaka 
Published: July 2004

Background:  It is generally accepted that the two types of neurothekeoma (myxoid type and cellular type) represent the two poles of a spectrum. This concept, however, has recently been challenged, and cellular neurothekeomas have been suggested as a separate classification and are included in the ‘fibrohistiocytic’ category by some authors. Cellular neurothekeomas have been reported to show negative immunohistochemical staining for histiocytic markers, and PG‐M1 is now considered to be the most reliable histiocytic marker.Case report:  We report a case of cellular neurothekeoma. The histopathological features in this case were typical for cellular neurothekeoma. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were diffusely positive for S‐100A6 protein, PGP9.5, CD10, CD68 (KP1), PG‐M1, and Vimentin, and negative for other antibodies including S‐100 protein and factor XIIIa.Conclusions:  Cellular neurothekeoma expressing both KP‐1 and PG‐M1 is considered to show histiocytic differentiation, and may be interpreted as a neoplasm with immature nerve sheath differentiation, incidentally expressing histiocytic markers, or as an undifferentiated neoplasm derived from the neural crest cells of nerve sheath/fibrohistiocyte lineage. These results, such as the concomitant expressions of PGP9.5/S‐100A6 and PG‐M1/CD68 (KP‐1), support the theory of multiple differentiation in cellular neurothekeomas. The significance of the expression of CD10 in this cellular neurothekeoma is unclear.
Cutaneous horns of the eyelid: a clinicopathological study of 48 cases
Authors: Mencía‐Gutiérrez Enrique , Gutiérrez‐Díaz Esperanza , Redondo‐Marcos Irene , Ricoy José R. , García‐Torre Juan P. 
Published: July 2004

Background:  Cutaneous horn (cornu cutaneum) is a morphological designation for a protuberant mass of keratin that resembles the horn of an animal. It results from unusual cohesiveness of keratinized material from the superficial layers of the skin or implanted deeply in the cutis. This lesion may be associated with a benign, premalignant, or malignant lesion at the base, masking numerous conditions.Methods:  A retrospective analysis of 48 cases of cutaneous horns of the eyelid treated between 1992 and 2002 has been performed.Results:  Twenty‐four men and 19 women, with a mean age of 62 years (range 16–90), were treated by surgery. Histologically, 77.1% were associated with benign specimens at the base pathology, 14.6% were premalignant, and finally, 8.3% were caused by malignant skin tumors. The most common lesion was seborrheic keratosis among the benign lesions, actinic keratosis among the premalignant ones, and basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma among the malignant ones.Conclusion:  Cutaneous horns usually appear on exposed skin areas in elderly men. The important issue in this condition is not the horn itself, which is just dead keratin, but rather the nature of the underlying disease, although the horns are usually benign.
Expression profiles of p63, p53, survivin, and hTERT in skin tumors
Authors: Park Hye‐Rim , Min Soo Kee , Cho Hyun Deuk , Kim Kwang Ho , Shin Hyung Sik , Park Young Euy 
Published: July 2004

Background:  p63 is a p53 homolog and a marker expressed in replicating keratinocytes. Survivin is a recently characterized inhibitor of apoptosis protein that is abundantly expressed in most solid and hematologic malignancies. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is the major determinant of human telomerase activity, and its expression is indicative of unlimited replication. We herein evaluated the expression profiles of p63, p53, survivin, and hTERT in usual skin cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and putative preneoplastic epidermal lesions, including actinic keratosis (AK), Bowen's diasease, and porokeratosis.Methods:  Immunohistochemistry using antibodies against p63, p53, survivin, and hTERT was performed. Semi‐quantitative evaluation (–, +, 2+, 3+) was carried out.Results:  BCCs showed diffuse p63 expression and SCCs heterogeneous p63 expression with negativity in terminally differentiated squamous cells. All preneoplastic epidermal lesions showed p63 expression in all cell layers. p53 was found in seven of 10 cases of BCCs, all 10 cases of SCCs, and nine of 10 cases of Bowen's disease. AK and porokeratosis revealed focal to moderate p53 expression. Survivin was found in eight of 10 cases of SCCs and eight of 10 cases of Bowen's disease. Six of 10 cases of BCCs revealed weak survivin positivity. AK and porokeratosis showed survivin expression confined to the basal layer. hTERT expression was found in most cases of skin cancers and preneoplastic lesions.Conclusions:  p63 expression may be a marker of basal/progenitor cells and a diagnostic marker in skin tumors. p63 expression is not related to p53 expression in these tumors. This study points to a putative role of survivin and hTERT in the development of certain skin cancers. In addition, our data support the concept of porokeratosis being a premalignant condition.
Red : far‐red light ratio and UV‐B radiation: their effects on leaf phenolics and growth of silver birch seedlings
Authors: TEGELBERG R. , JULKUNEN‐TIITTO R. , APHALO P. J. 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACTThe natural variation in quantity and quality of light modifies plant morphology, growth rate and concentration of biochemicals. The aim of two growth‐room experiments was to study the combined effects of red (R) and far‐red (FR) light and ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation on the concentrations of leaf phenolics and growth and morphology of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings. Analysis by high‐performance liquid chromatography showed that the leaves exposed to supplemental FR relative to R contained higher concentrations of total chlorogenic acids and a cinnamic acid derivative than the leaves treated with supplemental R relative to FR. In contrast, concentration of a flavonoid, quercetin 3‐galactoside, was higher in the R + UV‐B leaves than in the FR + UV‐B leaves. The UV‐B induced production of kaempferols, chlorogenic acids and most quercetins were not modified by the R : FR ratio. Growth measurements showed that the leaf petioles and stems of FR seedlings were clearly longer than those of R seedlings, but leaf area was reduced by UV‐B radiation. Results of these experiments show that exposure of silver birch seedlings to supplemental FR compared to R leads to fast elongation growth and accumulation of phenolic acids in the leaves.