bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Page curve from the entanglement membrane
Authors: Blake Mike , Thompson Anthony P. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We study entanglement dynamics in toy models of black hole information built out of chaotic many-body quantum systems, by utilising a coarse-grained description of entanglement dynamics in such systems known as the ‘entanglement membrane’. We show that in these models the Page curve associated to the entropy of Hawking radiation arises from a transition in the entanglement membrane around the Page time, in an analogous manner to the change in quantum extremal surfaces that leads to the Page curve in semi-classical gravity. We also use the entanglement membrane prescription to study the Hayden-Preskill protocol, and demonstrate how information initially encoded in the black hole is rapidly transferred to the radiation around the Page time. Our results relate recent developments in black hole information to generic features of entanglement dynamics in chaotic many-body quantum systems.
Ambulatory management of low-risk febrile neutropenia in adult oncological patients. Systematic review
Authors: Forcano-Queralt Ester , Lemes-Quintana Cristina , Orozco-Beltrán Domingo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Recent clinical practice guidelines have recommended ambulatory management of febrile neutropenia in patients with low risk of complications. Although some centers have begun developing management protocols for these patients, there appears to be a certain reluctance to implement them in clinical practice. Our aim is to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of this strategy according to available evidence and to propose new lines of research.

Methods
Systematic review using a triple aim approach (efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and quality of life), drawing from literature in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. The review includes studies that assess ambulatory management for efficacy, cost-efficiency, and quality of life.

Results
The search yielded 27 articles that met our inclusion criteria.

Conclusion
In conclusion, based on current evidence, ambulatory management of febrile neutropenia is safe, more cost-effective than inpatient care, and capable of improving quality of life in oncological patients with this complication. Ambulatory care seems to be an effective alternative to hospitalization in these patients.
Approximate option pricing under a two-factor Heston–Kou stochastic volatility model
Authors: El-Khatib Youssef , Makumbe Zororo S. , Vives Josep 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnder a two-factor stochastic volatility jump (2FSVJ) model we obtain an exact decomposition formula for a plain vanilla option price and a second-order approximation of this formula, using Itô calculus techniques. The 2FSVJ model is a generalization of several models described in the literature such as Heston (Rev Financ Stud 6(2):327–343, 1993); Bates (Rev Financ Stud 9(1):69–107, 1996); Kou (Manag Sci 48(8):1086–1101, 2002); Christoffersen et al. (Manag Sci 55(12):1914–1932, 2009) models. Thus, the aim of this study is to extend some approximate pricing formulas described in the literature, like formulas in Alòs (Finance Stoch 16(3):403–422, 2012); Merino et al. (Int J Theor Appl Finance 21(08):1850052, 2018); Gulisashvili et al. (J Comput Finance 24(1), 2020), to pricing under the more general 2FSVJ model. Moreover, we provide numerical illustrations of our pricing method and its accuracy and computational advantage under double exponential and log-normal jumps. Numerically, our pricing method performs very well compared to the Fourier integral method. The performance is ideal for out-of-the-money options as well as for short maturities.
CCTA-based CABG SYNTAX Score: a tool to evaluate completeness of coronary segment revascularization after bypass surgery
Authors: Kotoku Nozomi , Serruys Patrick W. , Kageyama Shigetaka , Garg Scot , Masuda Shinichiro , Ninomiya Kai , Grau Juan B. , Gupta Himanshu , Agarwal Vikram , Morel Marie-Angèle , Doenst Torsten , Schneider Ulrich , Tanaka Kaoru , LaMeir Mark , Mushtaq Saima , Gianluca Pontone , Pompilio Giulio , Teichgräber Ulf , Puskas John , Narula Jagat , de Mey Johan , Andreini Daniele , Onuma Yoshinobu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo describe the updated coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA)-based coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) anatomic SYNTAX Score (aSS) and assess its utility and reproducibility for assessing the completeness of revascularization after CABG. The CCTA-CABG aSS is a visual assessment using CCTA post-CABG which quantifies the failure in effectively grafting stenotic coronary segments, and therefore assesses the completeness of surgical revascularization. It is calculated by subtracting the aSS of successfully anastomosed coronary segments from the aSS of the native coronary tree. The inter-observer reproducibility of the CCTA-CABG aSS was evaluated in 45 consecutive patients with three-vessel disease with or without left main disease who underwent a CCTA 30 days (± 7 days) after CABG. The CCTA-CABG aSS was evaluated in 45 consecutive patients with 117 bypass grafts and 152 anastomoses. The median native coronary aSS was 35.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 27.0–41.0], whilst the median CCTA-CABG aSS was 13.0 (IQR 9.0–20.5). The inter-observer level of agreement for the native coronary aSS and the CCTA-CABG aSS were both substantial with respective Kappas of 0.67 and 0.61. The CCTA-CABG aSS was feasible in all patients who underwent CABG for complex coronary artery disease with substantial inter-observer reproducibility, and therefore can be used to quantify the completeness of revascularization after CABG.
Prediction of hospitalization and waiting time within 24 hours of emergency department patients with unstructured text data
Authors: Seo Hyeram , Ahn Imjin , Gwon Hansle , Kang Hee Jun , Kim Yunha , Cho Ha Na , Choi Heejung , Kim Minkyoung , Han Jiye , Kee Gaeun , Park Seohyun , Seo Dong-Woo , Jun Tae Joon , Kim Young-Hak 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOvercrowding of emergency departments is a global concern, leading to numerous negative consequences. This study aimed to develop a useful and inexpensive tool derived from electronic medical records that supports clinical decision-making and can be easily utilized by emergency department physicians. We presented machine learning models that predicted the likelihood of hospitalizations within 24 hours and estimated waiting times. Moreover, we revealed the enhanced performance of these machine learning models compared to existing models by incorporating unstructured text data. Among several evaluated models, the extreme gradient boosting model that incorporated text data yielded the best performance. This model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve score of 0.922 and an area under the precision-recall curve score of 0.687. The mean absolute error revealed a difference of approximately 3 hours. Using this model, we classified the probability of patients not being admitted within 24 hours as Low, Medium, or High and identified important variables influencing this classification through explainable artificial intelligence. The model results are readily displayed on an electronic dashboard to support the decision-making of emergency department physicians and alleviate overcrowding, thereby resulting in socioeconomic benefits for medical facilities.
Entropology: an Information-Theoretic Approach to Understanding Archaeological Data
Authors: Gheorghiade Paula , Vasiliauskaite Vaiva , Diachenko Aleksandr , Price Henry , Evans Tim , Rivers Ray 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to develop quantitative measures for describing the diversity, homogeneity, and similarity of archaeological data. It presents new approaches to characterize the relationship between archaeological assemblages by utilizing entropy and its related attributes, primarily diversity, and by drawing inspiration from ecology. Our starting premise is that diachronic changes in our data provide a distorted reflection of social processes and that spatial differences in data indicate cultural distancing. To investigate this premise, we adopt a parsimonious approach for comparing assemblage profiles employing and comparing a range of (Hill) diversities, which enable us to exploit different aspects of the data. The modelling is tested on two seemingly large datasets: a Late Bronze Age Cretan dataset with circa 13,700 entries (compiled by PG); and a 4th millennium Western Tripolye dataset with circa 25,000 entries (compiled by AD). The contrast between the strongly geographically and culturally heterogeneous Bronze Age Crete and the strongly homogeneous Western Tripolye culture in the Southern Bug and Dnieper interfluve show the successes and limitations of our approach. Despite the seemingly large size of our datasets, these data highlight limitations that confine their utility to non-semantic analysis. This requires us to consider different ways of treating and aggregating assemblages, either as censuses or samples, contingent upon the degree of representativeness of the data. While our premise, that changes in data reflect societal changes, is supported, it is not definitively confirmed. Consequently, this paper also exemplifies the limitations of large archaeological datasets for such analyses.
Causal Pluralism in Medicine and its Implications for Clinical Practice
Authors: Maziarz Mariusz 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe existing philosophical views on what is the meaning of causality adequate to medicine are vastly divided. We approach this question and offer two arguments in favor of pluralism regarding concepts of causality. First, we analyze the three main types of research designs (randomized-controlled trials, observational epidemiology and laboratory research). We argue, using examples, that they allow for making causal conclusions that are best understood differently in each case (in agreement with a version of manipulationist, probabilistic and mechanistic definitions, respectively). Second, we analyze clinical practice and argue that these manipulationist, probabilistic and mechanistic causal claims can be used as evidence for different therapeutic decisions. We differentiate among ‘predicting’ that does not change the relata of causal claims, (mechanistic) ‘interferences’, and ‘interventions’ in the strict sense that act on causes to change effects. The central conclusion is that causal claims agreeing with diverse concepts of causality can deliver evidence for different types of therapeutic decisions.
A review on structural characteristics and thermoelectric properties of mid-temperature range Chalcogenide-based thermoelectric materials
Authors: Shankar Manasa R. , Prabhu A. N. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Several affordable and pollution-free technologies have drawn a lot of attention because of the pressure of our energy needs and environmental problems; among these, thermoelectric technology has made enormous advances. It has been known that thermoelectric materials are efficient in transforming waste heat energy into electricity. The efficiency of thermoelectric materials is typically assessed using the ZT value, ZT = S2T/ρκ. Several methods have been highlighted in the literature for improving thermoelectric figure of merit. This review stands out for its particular emphasis on cutting-edge techniques that are leading to a new era of thermoelectric innovation, including doping, co-doping, alloying, nanostructuring, and nanocompositing. Our focus is on mid-temperature range thermoelectric materials, which operate between 500 and 900 K and have enormous potential for high-efficiency thermoelectricity and waste heat recovery due to their inherent thermal and electrical properties. This review provides a foundational understanding of thermoelectric concepts as well as obstacles to improving the figure of merit and the various classes of mid-temperature range thermoelectric materials, including their structure and thermoelectric characteristics are discussed in brief. Additionally, it also discusses different methods described in the various literature regarding enhancing performance as well as recent advancements made in this area and this article emphasizes the relevance and importance of these developments in the context of urgent global energy challenges and highlights the crucial role that mid-temperature range thermoelectric materials will play in determining the future landscape of sustainable energy sources. To satisfy the practical demand, scientific research in the field of thermoelectricity still needs to be intensified, for this mid-temperature range, Chalcogenide-based thermoelectric materials play a very important role in the future.

Graphical abstract
Work Adjustments by Types of Occupations Amongst People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Survey Study
Authors: Machado Alejandra , Murley Chantelle , Dervish Jessica , Teni Fitsum Sebsibe , Friberg Emilie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To explore the occurrence of work adjustments for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) across types of occupations (managerial, office, and manual workers).

Methods
All working-aged (20–50 years) residents in Sweden diagnosed with MS were invited to participate in a web-based survey in 2021. Responses were linked to individual-level nationwide registers. Descriptive analyses were conducted to compare sociodemographic and clinical variables across occupations as well as other responses. The odds ratio of having any adjustment at work was determined using multinomial logistic regression.

Results
From all 4412 respondents (52% response rate), 3313 employees were included. The majority were women (72%) and had low (24.2%) or mild disease severity (44.7%). Nevertheless, different work adjustments across occupations were observed. Compared to the other occupations, office workers reported more invisible symptoms, more work adjustments and considered adapted schedules as the most important adjustment. On the contrary, more managers reported having no limiting symptoms and consequently, disclosed their diagnosis less often. They also reported having fewer work adjustments and more opportunities to modify their work than office and manual workers. Manual workers had a higher likelihood to report needing more support at work than office workers and managers. Further, a higher likelihood of having work adjustments was associated with progressive MS, higher MS severity, and invisible symptoms.

Conclusion
A more severe clinical profile of MS was associated with having work adjustments. The physical demands and responsibilities of an occupation play an important role when requesting and getting work adjustments amongst employees with MS.
A Robust $$\alpha $$-Stable Central Limit Theorem Under Sublinear Expectation without Integrability Condition
Authors: Jiang Lianzi , Liang Gechun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article fills a gap in the literature by relaxing the integrability condition for the robust $$\alpha $$
α
-stable central limit theorem under sublinear expectation. Specifically, for $$\alpha \in (0,1]$$

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The approach used in this study involves the utilization of several tools, including a weak convergence approach to obtain the limiting process, a Lévy–Khintchine representation of the nonlinear $$\alpha $$
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-stable process and a truncation technique to estimate the corresponding $$\alpha $$
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-stable Lévy measures. In addition, the article presents a probabilistic method for proving the existence of a solution to the above fully nonlinear PIDE.
Automatic assignment of microgenres to movies using a word embedding-based approach
Authors: González-Santos Carlos , Vega-Rodríguez Miguel A. , López-Muñoz Joaquín M. , Martínez-Sarriegui Iñaki , Pérez Carlos J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStreaming services are increasingly leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies for improved content cataloging, user experiences in content discovery, and personalization. A significant challenge in this domain is the automated assignment of microgenres to movies. This study introduces and evaluates approaches based on clustering, topic modeling, and word embedding to address this task. The evaluation employs a preprocessed dataset containing movie-related data—title tags, synopses, genres, and reviews—alongside a predefined microgenre list. Comparisons of three activation functions (binary step, ramp, and sigmoid) gauge their effectiveness in augmenting microgenre tags. Results demonstrate the superiority of the word embedding approach over clustering and topic modeling in terms of mean accuracy. Even more, the word embedding approach stands as the sole fully automated solution. Analysis indicates that incorporating review-based tags introduces noise and undermines accuracy. Besides, the word embedding approach yields optimal outcomes using the sigmoid function, effectively doubling assigned tags while maintaining matching quality. This sheds light on the potential of word embedding methods within the movie domain.
A peridynamics approach to flexible multibody dynamics for fracture analysis of mechanical systems
Authors: Vieira Francisco , Pagaimo João , Magalhães Hugo , Ambrósio Jorge , Araújo Aurélio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe classical theory of continuum mechanics is formulated using partial differential equations (PDEs) that fail to describe structural discontinuities, such as cracks. This limitation motivated the development of peridynamics, reformulating the classical PDEs into integral-differential equations. In this theory, each material point interacts with its neighbours inside a characteristic length-scale through bond-interaction forces. However, while peridynamics can simulate complex multi-physics phenomena, its integration in the study of mechanical systems is still limited. This work presents a methodology that incorporates a peridynamics formulation into a planar multibody dynamics (MBD) formulation to allow the integration of flexible structures described by peridynamics into mechanical systems. A flexible body is described by a collection of point masses, in analogy with the meshless collocation scheme commonly used for peridynamics discretisations. Each point mass interacts with other point masses through nonlinear forces governed by a bond-based peridynamics (BBPD) formulation. The virtual bodies methodology enables the definition of kinematic joints connecting the flexible body with the neighbouring bodies. The implementation of the methodology proposed is illustrated using various mechanisms with different levels of complexity. Notched plates subjected to different loading conditions are compared with the results presented in the literature of the peridynamics field. The deformations of a flexible slider-crank mechanism compare well with the results obtained using a classical flexible MBD formulation. Additionally, three scenarios involving a rotating pendulum illustrate how the methodology proposed allows simulating impact scenarios. The results demonstrate how this methodology is capable to successfully simulate highly nonlinear phenomena, including crack propagation, in a multibody framework.
Governance mechanisms, school principals and the challenge of personalized education in contexts
Authors: Mincu Monica 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSchools around the world are diverse and there are a variety of progressivist initiatives in place that aim to promote quality and equitable pedagogy and overcome formalist paradigms. Country contexts present different challenges based on factors such as the type of governance, teachers’ autonomy, and pedagogical cultures. Most critical, however, is the unequal distribution of leadership opportunities. Beyond conflicting or contrived possibilities in school leadership arrangements and cultures, it should be recognized that certain contexts lack effective leadership as an organizational quality. Nevertheless, school principals are able to create coherent environments, offering space for debate and clarification of what equity and equality mean in terms of curriculum delivery, as well as supporting school-level structural facilitations and adaptations. This is a conceptual paper, at the crossroads of different research strands. It focuses on governance mechanisms and leadership tasks and skills in pedagogical and organizational school cultures. It argues that well-articulated school organization is needed, not only in terms of autonomy, but also with the possibility to collaborate, develop professionally, and engage locally in order to achieve equitable student-oriented teaching. The aim is to investigate the feasibility of supporting personalized and adaptive teaching strategies at the school level, in a variety of country contexts.
Carbon balance shift in mountain peatlands along a gradient of grazing disturbance in the tropical Andes (Colombia)
Authors: Martínez-Amigo Violeta , Benavides Juan C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHigh-elevation cushion peatlands are typical ecosystems of the Andes above 4000 m of altitude, with an important role in hydrology and global carbon sequestration. In Tropical Andean context, grazing livestock is one of the main threats to cushion peatlands, altering the vegetation and the storage carbon function. The aim of this research is to understand how grazing influences cushion peatland functioning by identifying ecological thresholds for carbon balance process. The study was carried out in four Andean peatlands in the northern part of Colombian Andes during 2019–2020. We established 30 plots of 1 m2 where water table level, vegetation cover, and grazing disturbance were monitored. We also measured CO2 fluxes using an infrared gas analyzer connected to a closed static chamber, which registered net ecosystem exchange and respiration data. Considerable variation in the conservation status of Distichia muscoides cushions was found within the sampled peatlands, reflecting an heterogeneous signal of grazing disturbance that is evident at the plot-specific scale. Decreasing water table level was related with changes in dominant vegetation, from compact cushion species to grasses proliferation, exacerbating disturbance effects and carbon emissions. Mixed-effects logistic regression models showed a carbon balance shift, from CO2 sink to net emitter, in plots with high disturbance intensity and low D. muscoides cover. This study provides information for a better understanding of mountain peatlands functioning in the Tropical Andes and underlines the key role of D. muscoides cushions and the water table in carbon balance shift.