bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and properties of microencapsulated octadecane with waterborne polyurethane
Authors: Kim Eun Young , Kim Han Do 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA series of microencapsulated blends of waterborne polyurethane (WBPU) as a matrix polymer and phase change material octadecane as a domain material were prepared in the presence of emulsifier. Nylon fabrics were coated with the coating materials formulated from microencapsulated blends, thickener, and hardener. The morphology and thermal behaviors of microencapsulated octadecane and WBPU/octadecane‐coated nylon fabrics were investigated using SEM, DSC, and KES‐F7. The size of octadecane microspheres increased with increasing octadecane contents. However, the size of microcsphere (1–6 μm) decreased with increasing emulsifier contents. ΔHfusion, ΔHcrystallization, and their filling efficiencies of octadecane in film samples were found to increase with increasing microencapsulated blends, thickener, and hardener contents. Especially, thickener and hardener could function in trapping microencapsulated octadecane. Thermal characteristic Qmax (J/cm2 s) values of WBPU/octadecane‐coated nylon fabrics are much higher than those of the control nylon fabric and WBPU‐coated nylon fabrics, indicating that the nylon fabrics coated with WBPU/octadecane blends have cooler touch sensation compared with nylon fabrics and WBPU‐coated nylon fabrics. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1596–1604, 2005
Thermochromic polyolefin foils
Authors: Seeboth A. , Yin Chun , Kriwanek J. , Lötzsch D. , Schäper R. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractNovel polyethylene and polypropylene foils were prepared by incorporating a thermochromic composite into the polymer matrices by extrusion technology. The composite is homogeneously embedded in the polymer. Detailed investigations on the optical and surface properties of the prepared Polyolefin foils are reported. The investigations include the concentration and temperature dependence of the ultraviolet–visible spectra as well as the determination of the surface tension by contact‐angle measurements. A linear relationship between the concentration of the composite and the absorption intensity of the foil has been found. In contrast to polyethylene in polypropylene no migration process was observed under the used condition. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1789–1792, 2005
Electrical, spectroscopic, and thermal properties of blends formed by PEDOT, PVC, and PEO
Authors: Rinaldi A. W. , Matos R. , Rubira A. F. , Ferreira O. P. , Girotto E. M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis study describes the preparation of blends between an amorphous polymer (PVC) and a crystalline polymer (PEO), with a third polymeric part that presents electronic conduction capacity (PEDOT‐PSS). Binary (PEO/PVC, PEO/PEDOT‐PSS, PVC/PEDOT‐PSS) and ternary (PVC/PEO/PEDOT‐PSS) blends were prepared by changing the concentrations of the constituents and were analyzed by electronic conductivity, Raman spatial resolution, infrared spectroscopies, and thermogravimetric analysis. The Raman and FTIR analyses showed the incorporation of PEDOT‐PSS within the blends. The higher conductivity presented by the ternary blend was 8.6 × 10−6 Scm−1, composed of 24% of PVC, 16% of PEO, and 60% of PEDOT‐PSS. For binary blends the conductivity was proportional to the PEDOT‐PSS content. The thermal stability could be observed through the TG curves of the blends that presented an increase of 19 K in the weight loss temperature at the 10% level when compared to the pure components. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1710–1715, 2005
Recycling of inside upholstery of end‐of‐life cars
Authors: Correnti A. , Bocchino M. , Filippi S. , Magagnini P. L. , Polacco G. , La Mantia F. P. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA model study for the recycling of the interior upholstery plastic parts of end‐of‐life cars has been carried out by reprocessing the homogenized scraps of an upholstery farm in the presence of different compatibilizer precursors, such as an ethylene‐glycidylmethacrylate copolymer (EGMA), a maleic anhydride functionalized thermoplastic elastomer (SEBS‐MA), etc. The investigated scraps contained recycled polyethylene (from agricultural uses) and poly(ethylene terephthalate), as the main components, plus minor proportions of polypropylene, polyamide‐6, and other additives, including an ethylene copolymer (EC), probably an ethylene‐acrylic acid copolymer, which is used to compatibilize the carpets' backing and increase their flexibility. The reactive blending experiments were carried out using a Brabender Plasticorder static mixer and a Brabender twin‐screw compounder, and the products were characterized by rheometry, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, stress–strain measurements, etc. It was shown that EGMA was most effective for the reactive compatibilization of the polyolefin and poly(ethylene terephthalate) components of the scraps. It was also found, however, that the EC contained in the upholstery backing neutralizes in part the functional epoxy groups of EGMA, thus reducing its compatibilizing efficiency. The results suggest that substitution of EC with an inert flexibilizing agent, such as an ethylene‐propylene copolymer, and use of small amounts (∼ 5%) of an EGMA compatibilizer, might allow recycling of used upholstery into injection moldable plastic articles. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1716–1728, 2005
Synergistic effect of short reinforced fibers and gamma rays on the thermal and mechanical properties of waste poly(propylene) composites
Authors: Hassan Medhat M. , El‐Hag Ali Amr , Mahoud Ghada A. , Hegazy El‐Sayed A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCompressed molded waste poly(propylene) was reinforced with short carbon and/or glass fibers for investigation. The prepared composites were γ‐irradiated to estimate the role of the ionizing radiation as a compatibilizing agent. TGA and DSC were used to investigate the influence of exposure dose and the incorporation of short fibers on the thermal parameters of the prepared composites. The mechanical properties of different composites were also studied. It was observed that the mechanical and thermal parameters were highly affected by the kind of incorporated fibers and γ‐irradiation. The structural and morphological studies were made by means of XRD and SEM to investigate the structure change caused by the incorporation of short fibers and exposure to γ‐irradiation. The results show that the irradiation of carbon fiber–containing composite magnified its thermal stability and its tensile strength. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1741–1747, 2005
Thermal and mechanical properties of linear low‐density polyethylene/low‐density polyethylene/wax ternary blends
Authors: Luyt A. S. , Hato M. J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe thermal and mechanical properties of uncrosslinked three‐component blends of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE), low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), and a hard, paraffinic Fischer–Tropsch wax were investigated. A decrease in the total crystallinity with an increase in both LDPE and wax contents was observed. It was also observed that experimental enthalpy values of LLDPE in the blends were generally higher than the theoretically expected values, whereas in the case of LDPE the theoretically expected values were higher than the experimental values. In the presence of higher wax content there was a good correlation between experimental and theoretically expected enthalpy values. The DSC results showed changes in peak temperature of melting, as well as peak width, with changing blend composition. Most of these changes are explained in terms of the preferred cocrystallization of wax with LLDPE. Young's modulus, yield stress, and stress at break decreased with increasing LDPE content, whereas elongation at yield increased. This is in line with the decreasing crystallinity and increasing amorphous content expected with increasing LDPE content. Deviations from this behavior for samples containing 10% wax and relatively low LDPE contents are explained in terms of lower tie chain fractions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1748–1755, 2005
Erratum: Rubio ME. 2004. Differential distribution of synaptic endings containing glutamate, glycine, and GABA in the rat dorsal cochlear nucleus. J Comp Neurol 477:253–272.
Authors: Rubio Maria E. , Juiz José M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in The Journal of Comparative Neurology (2004) 477:253–272.
p53 is required for spontaneous autoantibody production in B6/lpr lupus mice
Authors: Kuan Anita P. , Cohen Philip L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe p53 tumor suppressor molecule triggers a key pathway of apoptosis in injured cells, in part through induction of Fas. The importance of Fas as a receptor mediating apoptosis is highlighted by the lupus‐like systemic autoimmunity seen in animals and humans with nonfunctional Fas molecules. We set out to see if the absence of p53, superimposed on the Fas defect of lpr mice, might further accelerate or exacerbate their systemic autoimmunity. We generated double mutant mice (p53–/– lpr) having defects in both p53‐ and Fas‐dependent pathways, hypothesizing that animals with lesions in both Fas‐ and p53‐dependent pathways would show reduced ability to delete autoreactive or injured cells, thereby producing more severe autoimmune disease. Surprisingly, these mice have lower autoantibody levels than the single mutant lpr mice. These studies suggest an unanticipated role for p53 in the progression of autoimmunity and the production of autoantibodies.
Antitumor immune response by CX3CL1 fractalkine gene transfer depends on both NK and T cells
Authors: Xin Hong , Kikuchi Toshiaki , Andarini Sita , Ohkouchi Shinya , Suzuki Takuji , Nukiwa Toshihiro , Huqun  , Hagiwara Koichi , Honjo Tasuku , Saijo Yasuo 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe CX3C chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1) exists as both a membrane‐bound form promoting firm cell‐cell adhesion and a soluble form chemoattracting leukocytes expressing its receptor CX3CR1. When adenoviral vector expressing mouse fractalkine (AdFKN) was transduced to the tumor cells, fractalkine was expressed as both membrane‐bound form on the tumor cells and soluble form in the supernatant in vitro. Intratumoral injection of AdFKN (1×109PFU/tumor) into C26 and B16F10 tumors resulted in marked reduction of tumor growth compared to control (C26: 86.5%, p<0.001; B16F10: 85.5%, p<0.001). Histological examination of tumor tissues revealed abundant infiltration of NK cells, dendritic cells, and CD8+ T lymphocytes 3 and/or 6 days after treatment with AdFKN. Splenocytes from mice treated by AdFKN developed tumor‐specific cytotoxic T cells, and thereby protected from rechallenging with parental tumor cells. Antitumor effects by AdFKN were completely abrogated in both NK cell‐depleted mice and CD8–/– mice, and partially blocked in CD4–/– mice. These data indicated that fractalkine mediates antitumor effects by both NK cell‐dependent and T cell‐dependent mechanisms. This study suggests that fractalkine can be a suitable candidate for immunogene therapy of cancer because fractalkine induces both innate and adaptive immunity.
The transmission of US shocks to Latin America
Authors: Canova Fabio 
Published: March 2005

AbstractI study whether and how US shocks are transmitted to eight Latin American countries. US shocks are identified using sign restrictions and treated as exogenous with respect to Latin American economies. Posterior estimates for individual and average effects are constructed. US monetary shocks produce significant fluctuations in Latin America, but real demand and supply shocks do not. Floaters and currency boarders display similar output but different inflation and interest rate responses. The financial channel plays a crucial role in the transmission. US disturbances explain important portions of the variability of Latin American macrovariables, producing continental cyclical fluctuations and, in two episodes, destabilizing nominal exchange rate effects. Policy implications are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing SVARs and SEMs: two models of the UK economy
Authors: Jacobs Jan P. A. M. , Wallis Kenneth F. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe structural vector autoregression (SVAR) and simultaneous equation macroeconometric model (SEM) styles of empirical macroeconomic modelling are compared and contrasted, with reference to two models of the UK economy, namely the long‐run structural VAR model of Garratt, Lee, Pesaran and Shin and the COMPACT model. Various styles of impulse response analysis are also compared and contrasted, and used to illustrate model properties. A ‘reverse engineering’ procedure is used to infer long‐run relations of COMPACT comparable to the GLPS cointegrating relations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Barriers to conducting a community mobilization intervention among youth in a rural South African community
Authors: Whitehead Kevin A. , Kriel Anita J. , Richter Linda M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn the face of extreme poverty and inequality in South Africa, community mobilization interventions represent an important way in which people can be empowered to improve their life. Successfully conducting community mobilization interventions in rural South African communities requires anticipating and addressing a number of potential barriers in order to maximize the chance of success of the intervention. The aim of this article is to discuss some of these barriers, which were identified through a case study of a youth project conducted in a rural community in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. The potential barriers to the conduct of similar interventions discussed include gaining of access to the community, composition of the project group, issues of inclusion and exclusion, misunderstandings among project partners, language barriers, accuracy and reliability of data, and “ownership” of the project. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 33: 253–259, 2005.
Cover Picture: Macromol. Rapid Commun. 6/2005
Authors: Gallyamov Marat O. , Khokhlov Alexei R. , Möller Martin 
Published: March 2005

Cover: The cover picture shows the dynamics of the conformational transformation of individual P2VP molecules (highlighted by colours) that were adsorbed on mica and exposed either to water or to ethanol vapour. The macromolecules extend in water vapour (top, left), and transform to compact round particles when exposed to ethanol‐saturated vapour (top, right). When the collapsed molecules are exposed again to water vapour, the extended conformation is restored (bottom). This cycle can be observed repeatedly and illustrates a new means to manipulate the conformation of single polymer molecules under real‐time control.Further details can be found in the Communication by M. O. Gallyamov,* A. R. Khokhlov, and M. Möller* on page 456.
Dys‐regulation of clusterin in human hepatoma is not associated with tumorigenesis but is secondary to cell response to external tresses
Authors: Hsieh Sen‐Yung , Chen Wai‐Ying , Shih Tsung‐Chieh , Yeh Jin‐Yu , Jeng Ju‐Ting 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIt becomes feasible to perform genome‐wide differential gene or protein expression in the post genome era. However, little has been addressed on the effects of external stresses and microenvironment alterations on the outcomes of gene and protein expression. To identify downregulated genes during hepatoma development, we combined the cDNA representational difference analysis (RDA) and reverse Northern blot analysis identifying eight genes. Of interest, the expression of the clusterin gene was either down or upregulated in 8 and 7 out of the 20 hepatoma tissues, respectively. Further analysis revealed that its expression was independent of patients' age, gender, causes of liver disease, tumor size, tumor histological stage, or clinical outcome, but was strongly associated with the methods of hepatectomy procedures. In vitro studies disclosed that the clusterin mRNA was increased twofold in early exponential phase of cell proliferation followed by downregulation in the subsequent quiescence phase, whereas it was rapidly increased up to twelvefold upon UV‐induced apoptosis. These results suggest that dys‐regulation of the clusterin gene in human hepatoma was most likely due to cellular responses to external stresses especially during the procedures for sample collection rather than any correlation to hepatoma development or progression. Our findings that external stresses or microenvironmental changes could greatly affect gene or protein expression offer a general caution to all the studies conducted via genomic and proteomic approaches. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detrusor mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity in partial bladder outlet obstruction of rabbits
Authors: Lin Alex Tong‐Long , Yang C.H. , Chen Kuang‐Kuo , Chang Luke S. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjectivesBladder outlet obstruction has shown to damage detrusor mitochondria with impaired detrusor contractility. One likely cause for mitochondrial injury is reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐induced damages, including lipid peroxidation injury. We designed this study to examine this hypothesis.Materials and MethodsPlacing a silicon ring around the bladder neck of male New Zealand rabbits induced bladder outlet obstruction. The bladders were removed 3 (N = 6), 7 (N = 6), and 14 days (N = 8) later. Sham operated animals (N = 6 for each time period) served as the controls. Contractile function of the bladder was assessed by the response of the detrusor strips to bethanechol and field stimulation. Detrusor mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and mitochondrial content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined. Detrusor contents of phosphocreatine and adenine triphosphate (ATP) were assayed.Results(1) Outlet obstruction induced an increase in the bladder weight and a decrease in the contractile function; (2) mitochondrial SOD activity significantly elevated in every time period of the obstruction, indicating a persistently increased ROS generation; (3) detrusor MDA level increased in 3‐day obstruction animals. It returned to the control level in 7‐ and 14‐day groups; (4) phosphocreatine content was significantly reduced in every time period of the obstruction; (5) ATP content was significantly decreased in 3‐ and 7‐day groups; while 14‐day obstruction group contained similar level as the sham‐operated group.ConclusionsThis study shows that bladder outlet obstruction increases generation of ROS and enhances lipid peroxidation of detrusor mitochondria. The resulted mitochondrial damages might sustain, leading to persistently depressed energy production and impaired detrusor contractility. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phosphorylation of the amyloid precursor protein (APP): Is this a mechanism in favor or against Alzheimer's disease?
Authors: Pastorino Lucia , Lu Kun Ping 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis review discusses the phosphorylation of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and the possible role of this phosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the deposition of β‐amyloid plaques in the brain parenchyma and neurofibrillary tangles comprised of hyperphosphorylated tau. APP plays a primary role in the pathogenesis of AD, because its processing generates the amyloid beta peptide (Aβ), the core of the amyloid plaque. APP has a large N‐terminal extracellular domain and a short intracellular C‐terminal domain that can be phosphorylated by various protein kinases. This review summarized recent work describing the phsphorylation of APP and the downstream events induced by this phosphorylation as well as the impact of APP phosphorylation on APP function and on the production of Aβ peptide.
Prenatal diagnosis of megacystis‐microcolon‐intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome: contribution of amniotic fluid digestive enzyme assay and fetal urinalysis
Authors: Muller Françoise , Dreux Sophie , Vaast Pascal , Dumez Yves , Nisand Israel , Ville Yves , Boulot Pierre , Guibourdenche Jean 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjectivesMegacystis‐microcolon‐intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) is a usually lethal disease during the first year of life. There is no specific ultrasound prenatal diagnosis and no identified genetic locus. The value of amniotic fluid digestive enzyme assay and fetal urine biochemistry in the prediction of MMIHS was analysed.MethodsRetrospective study of 14 MMIHS cases. Amniotic fluid digestive enzymes and fetal urine biochemistry were compared in MMIHS and megabladder (63 and 264 cases respectively).ResultsAbnormal amniotic fluid digestive enzyme profile (vomiting of bile or digestive secretion leakage) was observed in 8/10 MMIHS cases. These profiles were observed in 7/63 controls; 80% sensitivity (95%CI = 55%–100%); 89% specificity (95%CI = 81%–96%). Fetal urinalysis was normal in 12/12 MMIHS cases except high calcium (>0.6 mmol/l). This profile was observed in 33/264 megabladder control cases; 100% sensitivity; 98.7% specificity (95%CI = 83.5%–91.5%).ConclusionFor the first time, we propose a prenatal diagnosis of MMIHS based on amniotic fluid digestive enzyme assay and on fetal urinalysis. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triploidy identified through second‐trimester serum screening
Authors: Huang Tianhua , Alberman Eva , Wald Nicholas , Summers Anne M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the maternal serum marker patterns of triploid pregnancies and estimate the second‐trimester prevalence of triploidy.MethodsForty‐two cases of triploidy were identified in six serum screening programmes, five in the United Kingdom, one in Canada. This study describes the serum marker patterns, serum screening results for Down syndrome, trisomy 18 and open neural tube defects, and maternal age of these triploidy cases. The risk cut‐off levels were ≥ 1 in 250 for Down syndrome, ≥2.5 MoMs alpha‐fetoprotein for open neural tube defects and ≥1:100 for trisomy 18 screening. The estimated second‐trimester prevalence of triploidy was based on 22 triploidy cases ascertained in 599 934 pregnancies from three routine screening programmes, which attempted complete ascertainment of aneuploidy cases.ResultsThe observed second‐trimester rate of triploidy was 0.37 per 10 000 fetuses. Two different serum marker patterns were seen in triploid pregnancies, distinguished from each other by typically very high or very low levels of total hCG or free β‐hCG. The median maternal ages were respectively 33 years for triploidy with human chorionic gonadotrophin levels < 1.0 MoM, and 26 years for those with hCG levels ≥1.0 MoM. Fifty‐seven percent of the pregnancies with a triploid fetus had a risk estimate ≥1:100 for trisomy 18 alone, 10% had an alpha‐fetoprotein ≥2.5 MoM, 5% were screen positive for Down syndrome alone, and 19% had an increased risk or positive results for more than one anomaly.ConclusionThe simultaneous use of maternal serum tests designed to screen prenatally for Down syndrome, neural tube defects, and an increased risk of trisomy 18 resulted in a screen‐positive result for 90% of pregnancies with triploidy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.