bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focal malakoplakia in chronic periapical periodontitis
Authors: Pesce  , Pate  , Valente  , Tanzi  
Published: March 2003

AimsThree cases of chronic periapical periodontitis including focal areas with malakoplakia changes are reported.Methods and resultsThese areas included both von Hansemann‐type macrophages and periodic acid–Schiff‐positive, iron‐ and calcium‐containing concretions. Some concretions corresponded to spherules with a targetoid configuration, thus fitting the morphological criteria for classical Michaelis–Gutmann bodies.ConclusionThe vast majority of the cases of malakoplakia that have been reported in the literature corresponded to a characteristic, fairly homogeneous lesion, but a few instances of focal malakoplakia have been described in various chronic conditions. These considerations support the opinion that the local conditions for the production of Michaelis–Gutmann bodies may occur focally in diseases characterized by macrophage accumulation.
Diagnostic relevance of chromosomal in‐situ hybridization in Merkel cell carcinoma: targeted interphase cytogenetic tumour analyses
Authors: Amo‐Takyi  , Tietze  , Tory  , Guerreiro  , Günther  , Bhardwaj  , Mittermayer  , Handt  
Published: March 2003

AimsTo resolve the conflicting diagnoses of five pathologists (which included well‐differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma, malignant carcinoid, undifferentiated small‐cell carcinoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumour, metastases of small‐cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC)), and tumour‐free lungs after necropsy, we investigated an alarmingly metastasizing MCC in a 32‐year‐old Caucasian man using chromosomal in‐situ hybridization (CISH). Differences in incidence and course in males and females also prompted targeted analyses for chromosomes X and Y. The lesion was also analysed for p53 gene mutations.Methods and resultsParaffin sections of the thorax, buccal lymph nodes and scalp tumours were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemistry was performed with antibodies against pancytokeratin, keratin 20, neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin, neurofilaments and vimentin, among others. Sections (5–6 μm) of the tumours were analysed with α‐satellite probes for chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 11, 12, 17, 18, X and Y using CISH; and exons 5–9 of the p53 gene were examined by polymerase chain reaction and single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP) methods. Although positive for pancytokeratin, keratin 20, chromogranin, NSE, synaptophysin and vimentin, the similarity in antigen profiles expressed by SCLC and MCC prevented a definitive tumour diagnosis. Chromosomal in‐situ hybridization, however, revealed trisomies 1 and 11, two frequent aberrations in MCC, and trisomy 18. Moreover, 71% of the tumour cells had two to three copies of X, whereas 98% of the cell nuclei in the hair follicles and normal epidermis (purported Merkel cell origins) displayed one X chromosome. No mutations were detected in the five exons of the p53 gene examined.ConclusionsHad CISH been performed earlier, treatment may have been tailored specifically to suit MCC, since MCC and SCLC have different therapeutic strategies. Finally, chromosome X may be of prognostic relevance in MCC, which apparently predominates in females and yet shows poorer prognosis in males, and hence be worthy of further investigation.
Accuracy of frozen section measurements for the determination of Breslow tumour thickness in primary malignant melanoma
Authors: Kiehl  , Matthies  , Ehrich  , Völker  , Kapp  
Published: March 2003

AimsMicrostaging of primary malignant melanoma (MM) and the width of surgical margins depend mainly on Breslow tumour thickness (BTT). The use of frozen section (FS) measurements of BTT has been doubted, and previous reports have shown conflicting results regarding the comparability to paraffin sections (PS). To look for significant differences of BTT due to freezing or paraffin embedding, we evaluated a larger series of melanocytic lesions as far as possible excluding other technical influences.Methods and resultsPaired ‘mirror sections’ of 112 melanocytic lesions (33 MM and 79 melanocytic naevi) were measured according to Breslow on single corresponding PS and FS of the same tumour specimen. Comparing measurements on FS and PS, we found very small differences of BTT on average and an almost equal distribution of BTT in the two sets of values with no statistically significant difference by applying the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Concerning the clinically most important 1 mm‐threshold of BTT, 110 (98.2%) of the lesions gave equal measurements in FS and PS.ConclusionsFrozen sections can be used for accurate measurements of Breslow tumour thickness. Consequently, intraoperative frozen section diagnosis of thick melanoma immediately followed by excision with wide surgical margins is possible in experienced centres.
Glioblastoma multiforme in a mature ovarian teratoma with recurring brain tumours
Authors: Yadav A , Lellouch‐Tubiana A , Fournet J C , Quazza J E , Kalifa C , Sainte‐Rose C , Jaubert F 
Published: March 2003

AimsWe report a case study to highlight the occurrence of glioblastoma multiforme in an ovarian teratoma.Methods and resultsA 10‐year‐old girl presented with a left frontal lobe primitive neuroectodermal tumour which was successfully treated. After 6 uneventful years, she developed glioblastoma multiforme located posterior to the site of the initial tumour. Six years later, she presented with a mature cystic teratoma containing glioblastoma multiforme.ConclusionsGlioblastoma in an ovarian teratoma is an exceptional event, which might have an initial clinical presentation as a metastatic brain tumour. Alternatively, recurring glial tumours may occur in a genetically predisposed person; the role of radiation and chemotherapy in this context remains to be elucidated.
Collagenous spherulosis mimicking keratinizing squamous metaplasia in a borderline endometrioid tumour of the ovary
Authors: Treilleux  , Godeneche  , Duvillard  , Clement‐Chassagne  , Suignard  , Bailly  
Published: March 2003

AimsCollagenous spherulosis (CS) is a rare lesion which is an incidental finding in breast and salivary glands. It is characterized by fibrillar spherules exhibiting an intrinsic radiating or concentric pattern which are surrounded by myoepithelial cells. This entity can be misdiagnosed as adenoid cystic carcinoma and in‐situ ductal carcinoma.Methods and resultsWe report here the first case of CS arising in a borderline endometrioid tumour of the ovary where it merged with squamous metaplasia.ConclusionThis observation illustrates another pitfall of CS which can be misidentified as keratin pearls. The pathogenesis remains unclear but it has been claimed that the accumulation of basement membrane material may be due to the proliferation of pre‐existing myoepithelial cells that secrete matrix components. Since ovarian tumours do not contain myoepithelial cells, one should assume that the epithelial cells differentiate towards myoepithelial cells as it has been shown in vitro and ex vivo.
Hyperexpression of ICAM‐1 and CD36 in placentas infected with Plasmodium falciparum: a possible role of these molecules in sequestration of infected red blood cells in placentas
Authors: Sartelet  , Garraud  , Rogier  , Milko‐Sartelet  , Kaboret  , Michel  , Roussilhon  , Huerre  , Gaillard  
Published: March 2003

AimsDuring pregnancy, Plasmodium falciparum malaria is frequent and associated with maternofetal complications. This could be the consequence of sequestration by several adhesion molecules of parasite‐infected red blood cells in syncytiotrophoblast. To investigate the expression of ICAM‐1 and CD36, two of the adhesion molecules for Plasmodium falciparum, an immunohistochemical study was carried out in malaria‐infected placentas.Methods and resultsThirty‐five infected and 35 noninfected samples were chosen randomly. According to the histological classification of Bulmer, the infected placentas were separated in three groups: active, active chronic and past‐chronic infection. CD36 was localized in the cytoplasm of stromal cells of terminal villi of infected or noninfected placentas, but not in syncytiotrophoblast. ICAM‐1 was detected in the cytoplasm of stromal and endothelial villous cells in both infected and noninfected placentas and in syncytiotrophoblast of eight infected placentas showing more frequently active than active chronic or past‐chronic infection (P < 0.001). The percentage of cells immunostained for CD36 or ICAM‐1 was evaluated in the terminal villi. The proportion of villous cells, with ICAM‐1 and CD36 immunostaining, was significantly higher in infected vs. noninfected placentas (P < 0.0001) and CD36 was detected more in acute inflammatory vs. past‐chronic inflammatory placentas (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe higher expression of ICAM‐1 in infected placentas and its localization in syncytiotrophoblast particularly during acute infection, suggest ICAM‐1 can act directly in the sequestration of parasite‐infected red blood cells (IRBCs). On the other hand, the expression of CD36 is influenced by the presence of IRBCs without being directly implicated in sequestration of IRBCs. The hyperexpression of these two molecules could explain the high frequency of malaria during pregnancy.
Lack of cyclin D1 overexpression in gastric carcinogenesis
Authors: Blok  , Craanen  , Van Diest  , Dekker  , J Tytgat  
Published: March 2003

AimsCyclin D1 overexpression was examined in early gastric carcinomas and precursor lesions with the following aims; (1) to assess the chronology of cyclin D1 overexpression in various stages of gastric carcinogenesis, (2) to correlate cyclin D1 overexpression with the Lauren type, the grade of differentiation and the type of growth pattern of the tumours and (3) to correlate cyclin D1 overexpression with clinical parameters, in particular lymph node metastasis and overall prognosis.Methods and resultsForty‐five paraffin‐embedded gastrectomy specimens from early carcinomas were examined for the presence of various precursor lesions. The Lauren type, the grade of differentiation and the type of growth pattern were reassessed for all early carcinomas. Cyclin D1 overexpression was examined using the monoclonal antibody DCS‐6. Cyclin D1 overexpression was absent from all precursor lesions. Ten early carcinomas (22%) were cyclin D1 positive without significant differences when stratified according to Lauren type, grade of differentiation, type of growth pattern or lymph node status. Univariate analysis failed to show a significant difference in 5‐year surival rate between cyclin D1 positive and negative early carcinomas (90% vs. 94%).ConclusionsCyclin D1 protein overexpression does not play a role in the progression from normal to neoplastic gastric mucosa and does not discriminate between intestinal and diffuse type early gastric carcinomas of Caucasian origin. Moreover, mechanisms other than cyclin D1 protein overexpression underlie the reported difference in biological behaviour of early gastric carcinomas with different types of growth pattern. Finally, although it appears that cyclin D1 does not have prognostic significance, studies on larger numbers, including advanced carcinomas, are warranted.
Diversion colitis in children: an iatrogenic appendix vermiformis?
Authors: Vujanić  , Dojčinov  
Published: March 2003

AimsDiversion colitis (DC) is a localized, relatively benign, iatrogenic condition which occurs in almost 100% of diverted colonic segments in patients who undergo ileostomy/colostomy for various reasons. The aim of this study was to establish histological features of DC in children.Methods and resultsTwenty‐three cases of DC following colostomy for Hirschsprung's disease in young children were analysed. The distinguishing features included prominent follicular lymphoid hyperplasia (100%), chronic mucosal inflammation (100%), accompanied by a variable degree of acute inflammation (78%) and Paneth cell metaplasia (26%). Less frequent histological findings were as follows: mild goblet cell depletion (22%), foci of cryptitis (13%), crypt abscesses (13%) and mild architectural distortion (22%). A previously unrecognized feature was the presence of mucosal aggregates of eosinophils, found in 43% of cases. A striking similarity between the normal appearance of the vermiform appendix and pathological features in DC was noted and the possible relationship between the two is discussed.ConclusionsHistological features of DC in children are very similar to those described in adults. They should help to distinguish it from ulcerative colitis and Hirschsprung's‐associated enterocolitis in order to prevent inappropriate therapy and follow‐up. There are many similarities between DC and the normal appendix vermiformis.
Validation of immunolocalization of the urokinase receptor expression in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: comparison with detection by non‐isotopic in‐situ hybridization
Authors: Hildenbrand R , Leitz M , Magdolen V , Luther T , Albrecht S , Graeff H , Stutte H‐J , Bleyl U , Schmitt M 
Published: March 2003

Aims: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a pre‐invasive form of mammary carcinoma with no microscopic evidence of cancer cell invasion through the basement membrane. However, for initiation of invasion, tumour cells have to acquire and focus proteolytic activity on to the cell surface in order to infiltrate the surrounding extracellular matrix. The receptor (uPA‐R or CD87) for the serine protease urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA) plays a central role in invasion and metastasis. This study was performed to determine and localize m‐RNA and protein of uPA‐R in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.Methods and resultsWe analysed uPA‐R mRNA and protein expression by in‐situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively, in 50 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded specimens of DCIS. Three different antibodies were used to stain cell‐associated uPA‐R; chicken polyclonal antibody (pAb) HU277 and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) IID7 and 3936. In all cases, myoepithelial and stromal cells reacted with either antibody. Especially, reaction of macrophage‐like cells with mAb 3936 resulted in a well‐marked and bright staining. Applying mAb IID7, in 46 of the 50 breast specimens tumour cells showed a positive immunoreaction. Likewise pAb HU277 stained tumour cells in 40 of the 50 cases, whereas mAb 3936 reacted with only 24 of the 50 tissue sections. Endothelial cells were marked by both mAb IID7 and pAb HU277 (46/50 and 35/50, respectively); mAb 3936 did not label at all. All of the cell types stained by mAb IID7 and pAb HU277 also displayed reactivity with uPA‐R mRNA‐specific antisense oligonucleotides in in‐situ hybridization.ConclusionsOur results reveal the presence of the tumour invasion‐related receptor for the protease uPA not only in invasive ductal breast carcinoma but also in different types of DCIS.
When can complete regression of low‐grade gastric lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue be predicted after Helicobacter pylori eradication?
Authors: Yamashita H , Watanabe H , Ajioka Y , Nishikura K , Maruta K , Fujino M A 
Published: March 2003

Aims: Recent studies suggest that primary low‐grade gastric lymphomas of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) are cured in many cases between 1 and 18 months after H. pylori eradication. The aim of this study is to elucidate when complete regression (CR) of MALT lymphoma can be histologically predicted after H. pylori eradication.Methods and results: Twenty‐one patients with low‐grade gastric MALT lymphoma were treated with triple therapy (amoxicillin, clarythromycin and proton pump inhibitor) for 14 days. Subsequently, they were followed up by sequential endoscopy and biopsy (number of biopsy specimens for each endoscopy is 3–8, with an average of 4) from 91 to 657 days (average: 309 ± 165 days). Eradication of H. pylori infection was achieved in all patients. Nine patients were free of lymphoma at 1 to 2 months after eradication and remained in CR at 163–657 days. Twelve patients showed residual lymphoma at 1 to 2 months after eradication. Five out of 12 patients revealed only one or two small foci of lymphoma‐cell aggregation and showed a high incidence (80%) of CR at the latest biopsy (135–434 days, average 276 ± 115 days after eradication), while seven patients showed diffuse remains of lymphoma cells and indicated CR in only one case (14%) at 362 days, partial regression in five cases at 130–431 days (average 227 ± 114 days), and no change in one case at 91 days after eradication.Conclusions: These results suggest that CR of low‐grade MALT lymphoma can be predicted at 1 to 2 months after eradication therapy by checking histological changes of MALT lymphoma cells.
Congenital gastrointestinal stromal tumour is morphologically indistinguishable from the adult form, but does not express CD117 and carries a favourable prognosis
Authors: Bates A W , Feakins R M , Scheimberg I 
Published: March 2003

Aims: The histological and immunohistochemical features of a congenital stromal tumour of the jejunum are compared with those of adult gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST). The literature concerning the diagnosis and prognosis of congenital small intestinal stromal tumours is reviewed.Methods and resultsA term female infant presented with intestinal obstruction, from birth. Histology of a 15‐mm jejunal nodule showed a predominantly spindle‐cell tumour with epithelioid areas. There was a low mitotic count and mild nuclear pleomorphism, extensive necrosis and haemorrhage, and focal calcification. Immunohistochemically, tumour cells stained for muscle specific actin and vimentin. Staining for CD117 (c‐kit), S100, desmin and CD34 was negative. The features were compared to those of seven adult cases: no morphological feature was specific to the congenital tumour, which was smaller than the adult cases. There were no ultrastructural features specific for a particular line of differentiation. Immunohistochemical staining patterns were similar, except for CD117, which was strongly positive in all adult tumours, but negative in the congenital tumour.ConclusionsThis congenital jejunal stromal tumour morphologically resembled adult GIST, but lack of c‐kit expression suggests that it is nosologically distinct. Despite the presence of histological features which would cause the tumour to be categorized as malignant in an adult, it is apparent from previous reports of congenital small intestinal stromal tumours that the prognosis is favourable.
Effects of long‐term treatment with the anti‐androgen bicalutamide on human testis: an ultrastructural and morphometric study
Authors: Morgante E , Gradini R , Realacci M , Sale P , D'eramo G , Perrone G A , Cardillo M R , Petrangeli E , Russo Ma , Di Silverio F 
Published: March 2003

To assess the effects of more than 4 years' treatment with the anti‐androgen bicalutamide on human testis by clinical, ultrastructural and morphometric analysis.Two patients (aged 74 and 69 years) with prostate cancer were treated for more than 4 years with bicalutamide 50 mg daily. Clinical characterization and follow‐up included luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) measurements and clinical response of the tumours. Due to progression of the disease, patients underwent surgical orchidectomy as a further androgen withdrawal therapy. Testis biopsies were studied by light and electron microscopy and analysed by morphometry. Control samples were obtained from the normal testis of two patients with testicular cancer who underwent orchidectomy. Clinical follow‐up showed a good response in the control of tumour growth and serum PSA decreased to < 4 ng/mL; concentrations of serum LH, FSH and testosterone were within the normal range. Testicular morphology of treated patients was unexpectedly well preserved; the organization of seminiferous tubules was normal with all the germ line elements and mature spermatozoa present. In some areas, a net increase of peritubular connective tissue was evident which may be a consequence of the age of the patients.Long‐term bicalutamide (50 mg) treatment appears to have very little impact on testis ultrastructure and sperm maturation, while it is effective in the control of androgen‐dependent prostatic tumours.
Myofibroblastic differentiation in malignant fibrous histiocytoma (pleomorphic myofibrosarcoma): a clinicopathological study
Authors: Montgomery E , Fisher C 
Published: March 2003

Myofibroblastic differentiation in malignant fibrous histiocytoma (pleomorphic myofibrosarcoma): a clinicopathological study Aims: We compared the clinical and pathological features of pleomorphic malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH)‐like soft tissue sarcomas with and without myofibroblastic differentiation on electron microscopy. Methods and Results: Fifty‐three soft tissue tumours designated as MFH by light and electron microscopy were reassessed. Eighteen were specifically diagnosed and excluded, and follow‐up (FU) information obtained for 24 of the other 35 cases. Myofibroblastic ultrastructure was seen in 7/24 (29%). Seventeen of 24 (71%) lacked myofibroblasts on electron microscopy, which showed fibroblastic or undifferentiated cells. Histologically, all tumours but one had storiform‐pleomorphic areas; one myofibroblastic neoplasm was fascicular and myxoid. No other morphological differences were seen. In seven myofibroblastic cases, smooth muscle in four cases and muscle‐specific actin in two cases, desmin in three cases and S100 in one case were present. In 15 other tumours, smooth muscle in five cases and muscle‐specific actin in one case, and desmin in one case were present; none of these cases expressed S100. CD34 was found in the myxoid areas of one myofibrosarcoma and 3/15 other tumours. Positivity for bcl‐2 was seen only in non‐myofibroblastic sarcomas (4/14). On follow‐up (median 41 months), 2/7 (29%) myofibroblastic tumours recurred, 5/7 (71%) metastasized, and 3/7 (43%) patients died of disease. Among the non‐myofibroblastic sarcomas, with a median follow‐up of 47 months, 6/17 cases (35%) recurred, 10/17 (59%) metastasized, and 7/17 patients (41%) died of disease. Conclusions: Pleomorphic sarcomas with and without myofibroblastic differentiation on electron microscopy are clinically and histologically similar. The former display myoid immunohistochemical markers more frequently.