bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of insecticide seed treatments on the parasitism and predation of Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) in canola
Authors: Ward Samantha E , Hoffmann Ary A , Van Helden Maarten , Slavenko Alex , Umina Paul A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae), is a major pest of brassica plants, with the ability to transmit &gt; 100 viruses. Although the adoption of Integrated Pest Management is increasing, chemical treatment remains the predominant method used to control M. persicae globally. Insecticide seed treatments, typically with neonicotinoid active ingredients, have become commonplace in canola crops, and are viewed as a “softer” alternative to foliar sprays but may nevertheless impact natural enemies of M. persicae. In this study, the effects of canola seed treatments, containing imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and a mixture of thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin, were investigated on the parasitoid wasp, Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the green lacewing, Mallada signatus (Schneider) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), both important natural enemies of M. persicae. Laboratory trials were undertaken using whole plants, with lethal and sublethal effects assessed by measuring several traits. Compared with untreated plants, more aphid mummies were produced and more A. colemani were reared on plants treated with thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin and more aphid mummies were produced on imidacloprid plants. Imidacloprid reduced the time A. colemani spent searching for M. persicae and thiamethoxam reduced its cleaning time. However, after A. colemani were removed from treated plants, there were no such effects observed, suggesting these impacts were relatively short-lived. We found no significant effects of seed treatments on M. signatus. These results point to the complexity of ecotoxicology studies involving multiple trophic levels and indicate that seed treatments may have variable impacts on key fitness traits of natural enemies.
Primary perianal Paget’s disease: three cases
Authors: Lydrup Erika , Lydrup Marie-Louise , Agger Erik 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Perianal Paget’s disease (PPD) is a rare intraepidermal neoplastic disease, presenting with nonspecific symptoms, such as pruritis ani or eczema. Perianal Paget’s disease may present as a primary lesion or as a paramalignant phenomenon. Uniform evidence-based treatment strategies have not been defined for this rare condition, and currently, different treatment methods are suggested. This case report presents three cases of perianal Paget’s disease with three different treatments and outcomes. Pathogenesis, treatment, and the importance of a strict follow-up program are discussed.
Passive stomatal closure under extreme drought in an angiosperm species
Authors: McAdam Scott A M , Manandhar Anju , Kane Cade N , Mercado-Reyes Joel A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a major role in closing the stomata of angiosperms. However, recent reports of some angiosperm species having a peaking-type ABA dynamic, in which under extreme drought ABA levels decline to pre-stressed levels, raises the possibility that passive stomatal closure by leaf water status alone can occur in species from this lineage. To test this hypothesis, we conducted instantaneous rehydration experiments in the peaking-type species Umbellularia californica through a long-term drought, in which ABA levels declined to pre-stress levels, yet stomata remain closed. We found that when ABA levels were lowest during extreme drought, stomata reopen rapidly to maximum rates of gas exchange on instantaneous rehydration, suggesting that the stomata of U. californica were passively closed by leaf water status alone. This contrasts with leaves early in drought, in which ABA levels were highest and stomata did not reopen on instantaneous rehydration. The transition from ABA-driven stomatal closure to passively driven stomatal closure as drought progresses in this species occurs at very low water potentials facilitated by highly embolism-resistant xylem. These results have important implications for understanding stomatal control during drought in angiosperms.
Vortexing specimens to disaggregate platelet clumps in EDTA specimens
Authors: Mundt Lillian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
To compare platelet count results of specimens that yield platelet clump flags to platelet count results on these specimens after vortexing.

Method
Specimens that generated platelet count flags on Sysmex XN 3000 instruments were vortexed and rerun. Only data from specimens demonstrating elimination of platelet clump flags were used in this study. Pearson r analysis was performed on data.

Results
Comparison of complete blood count results (white blood cell count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet count) all yielded Pearson r scores &gt;0.9.

Conclusion
Additional patient comfort and safety concerns, as well as concerns over additional specimen collection and processing costs, may be avoided by vortexing and rerunning specimens flagged for platelet clumps when the platelet count is normal.
The transference of family law to the Faroe Islands and the inter-territorial conflicts of laws in the Kingdom of Denmark: an appraisal
Authors: Lorenzo Villaverde José María 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Danish state or Rigsfællesskab is a decentralized state composed of the Faroe Islands, Greenland and Denmark proper. Differences among the family laws in force in the three parts of the Kingdom have existed for long, as not all laws passed by the Danish parliament have been implemented in Greenland or the Faroes. Since 2018, the Faroese authorities have assumed competences to legislate on family law. This article critically explores the legal structure and functioning of distribution of competences in family law in the Danish Rigsfællesskab, the transference of the field to the Faroe Islands and inter-territorial private law issues in family matters between Denmark proper and the Faroe Islands. The topics of same-sex marriages, matrimonial property regimes and co-motherhood are particularly examined. The article identifies and discusses various incoherencies and problems of the system. The contours of the field family law and its interaction with other fields are imprecise. There is no well-stablished body to solve possible disputes on competences, which are, in practice, left to political negotiations instead of based on a clear framework. When it comes to inter-territorial private law, the uncertainty deepens. Inter-territorial private law is not a legislated matter and to what extent inter-territorial cases are treated differently from private international law ones remains unclear. There is virtually no coordination between the relevant authorities involved. Can we talk about one common inter-territorial private law for the whole Kingdom of Denmark? Can a decision from one part of the Rigsfællesskab face non-recognition in another part? Although the article argues against invoking ordre public, it acknowledges that the matter is not settled.
The interaction between the family laws of Denmark proper and the Faroe Islands occurs within a framework that lacks clarity in its functioning and application. It evidences disorganization, inaction as well as little reflection on the Danish state as a decentralized state in family law. The result is legal uncertainty which negatively impacts citizens and may lead to situations of discrimination, forum shopping or limping status.
Nosocomial transmission ofAspergillus flavusin a neonatal intensive care unit: Long-term persistence in environment and interest of MALDI–ToF mass-spectrometry coupled with convolutional neural network for rapid clone recognition
Authors: Mohammad Noshine , Huguenin Antoine , Lefebvre Annick , Menvielle Laura , Toubas Dominique , Ranque Stéphane , Villena Isabelle , Tannier Xavier , Normand Anne-Cécile , Piarroux Renaud 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAspergillosis of the newborn remains a rare but severe disease. We report four cases of primary cutaneous Aspergillus flavus infections in premature newborns linked to incubators contamination by putative clonal strains. Our objective was to evaluate the ability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time of flight (MALDI–TOF) coupled to convolutional neural network (CNN) for clone recognition in a context where only a very small number of strains are available for machine learning. Clinical and environmental A. flavus isolates (n = 64) were studied, 15 were epidemiologically related to the four cases. All strains were typed using microsatellite length polymorphism. We found a common genotype for 9/15 related strains. The isolates of this common genotype were selected to obtain a training dataset (6 clonal isolates/25 non-clonal) and a test dataset (3 clonal isolates/31 non-clonal), and spectra were analysed with a simple CNN model. On the test dataset using CNN model, all 31 non-clonal isolates were correctly classified, 2/3 clonal isolates were unambiguously correctly classified, whereas the third strain was undetermined (i.e., the CNN model was unable to discriminate between GT8 and non-GT8). Clonal strains of A. flavus have persisted in the neonatal intensive care unit for several years. Indeed, two strains of A. flavus isolated from incubators in September 2007 are identical to the strain responsible for the second case that occurred 3 years later.MALDI–TOF is a promising tool for detecting clonal isolates of A. flavus using CNN even with a limited training set for limited cost and handling time.
Truncated, tilted discs as a possible source of Quasi-Periodic Oscillations
Authors: Bollimpalli D A , Fragile P C , Dewberry J W , Kluźniak W 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Many accreting black holes and neutron stars exhibit rapid variability in their X-ray light curves, termed quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs). The most commonly observed type is the low-frequency (≲10 Hz), type-C QPO, while only a handful of sources exhibit high-frequency QPOs (≳60 Hz). The leading model for the type-C QPO is Lense-Thirring precession of a hot, geometrically thick accretion flow that is misaligned with the black hole’s spin axis. However, existing versions of this model have not taken into account the effects of a surrounding, geometrically thin disc on the precessing, inner, geometrically thick flow. In Bollimpalli et. al 2023, using a set of GRMHD simulations of tilted, truncated accretion discs, we confirmed that the outer thin disc slows down the precession rate of the precessing torus, which has direct observational implications for type-C QPOs. In this paper, we provide a detailed analysis of those simulations and compare them with an aligned truncated disc simulation. We find that the misalignment of the disc excites additional variability in the inner hot flow, which is absent in the comparable aligned-disc simulations. This suggests that the misalignment may be a crucial requirement for producing QPOs. We attribute this variability to global vertical oscillations of the inner torus at epicyclic frequencies corresponding to the transition radius. This explanation is consistent with current observations of higher frequency QPOs in black hole X-ray binary systems.
Structure of the WYL-domain containing transcription activator, DriD, in complex with ssDNA effector and DNA target site
Authors: Schumacher Maria A , Cannistraci Emily , Salinas Raul , Lloyd Devin , Messner Ella , Gozzi Kevin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Transcription regulators play central roles in orchestrating responses to changing environmental conditions. Recently the Caulobacter crescentus transcription activator DriD, which belongs to the newly defined WYL-domain family, was shown to regulate DNA damage responses independent of the canonical SOS pathway. However, the molecular mechanisms by which DriD and other WYL-regulators sense environmental signals and recognize DNA are not well understood. We showed DriD DNA-binding is triggered by its interaction with ssDNA, which is produced during DNA damage. Here we describe the structure of the full-length C. crescentus DriD bound to both target DNA and effector ssDNA. DriD consists of an N-terminal winged-HTH (wHTH) domain, linker region, three-helix bundle, WYL-domain and C-terminal WCX-dimer domain. Strikingly, DriD binds DNA using a novel, asymmetric DNA-binding mechanism that results from different conformations adopted by the linker. Although the linker does not touch DNA, our data show that contacts it makes with the wHTH are key for specific DNA binding. The structure indicates how ssDNA-effector binding to the WYL-domain impacts wHTH DNA binding. In conclusion, we present the first structure of a WYL-activator bound to both effector and target DNA. The structure unveils a unique, asymmetric DNA binding mode that is likely conserved among WYL-activators.
Global Hfq-mediated RNA interactome of nitrogen starved Escherichia coli uncovers a conserved post-transcriptional regulatory axis required for optimal growth recovery
Authors: McQuail Josh , Matera Gianluca , Gräfenhan Tom , Bischler Thorsten , Haberkant Per , Stein Frank , Vogel Jörg , Wigneshweraraj Sivaramesh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The RNA binding protein Hfq has a central role in the post-transcription control of gene expression in many bacteria. Numerous studies have mapped the transcriptome-wide Hfq-mediated RNA–RNA interactions in growing bacteria or bacteria that have entered short-term growth-arrest. To what extent post-transcriptional regulation underpins gene expression in growth-arrested bacteria remains unknown. Here, we used nitrogen (N) starvation as a model to study the Hfq-mediated RNA interactome as Escherichia coli enter, experience, and exit long-term growth arrest. We observe that the Hfq-mediated RNA interactome undergoes extensive changes during N starvation, with the conserved SdsR sRNA making the most interactions with different mRNA targets exclusively in long-term N-starved E. coli. Taking a proteomics approach, we reveal that in growth-arrested cells SdsR influences gene expression far beyond its direct mRNA targets. We demonstrate that the absence of SdsR significantly compromises the ability of the mutant bacteria to recover growth competitively from the long-term N-starved state and uncover a conserved post-transcriptional regulatory axis which underpins this process.
Long-term root electrotropism reveals habituation and hysteresis
Authors: Salvalaio Maddalena , Sena Giovanni 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Plant roots sense many physical and chemical cues in soil, such as gravity, humidity, light, and chemical gradients, and respond by redirecting their growth toward or away from the source of the stimulus. This process is called tropism. While gravitropism is the tendency to follow the gravitational field downwards, electrotropism is the alignment of growth with external electric fields and the induced ionic currents. Although root tropisms are at the core of their ability to explore large volumes of soil in search of water and nutrients, the molecular and physical mechanisms underlying most of them remain poorly understood. We have previously provided a quantitative characterization of root electrotropism in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) primary roots exposed for 5 h to weak electric fields, showing that auxin asymmetric distribution is not necessary for root electrotropism but that cytokinin biosynthesis is. Here, we extend that study showing that long-term electrotropism is characterized by a complex behavior. We describe overshoot and habituation as key traits of long-term root electrotropism in Arabidopsis and provide quantitative data about the role of past exposures in the response to electric fields (hysteresis). On the molecular side, we show that cytokinin, although necessary for root electrotropism, is not asymmetrically distributed during the bending. Overall, the data presented here represent a step forward toward a better understanding of the complexity of root behavior and provide a quantitative platform for future studies on the molecular mechanisms of electrotropism.
Wake and non-rapid eye movement sleep dysfunction is associated with colonic neuropathology in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Sadoc Mathilde , Clairembault Thomas , Coron Emmanuel , Berthomier Christian , Le Dily Séverine , Vavasseur Fabienne , Pavageau Albane , St. Louis Erik K , Péréon Yann , Neunlist Michel , Derkinderen Pascal , Leclair-Visonneau Laurène 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Study Objectives
The body-first Parkinson’s disease (PD) hypothesis suggests initial gut Lewy body pathology initially propagates to the pons before reaching the substantia nigra, and subsequently progresses to the diencephalic and cortical levels, a disease course presumed to likely occur in PD with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD). We aimed to explore the potential association between colonic phosphorylated alpha-synuclein histopathology (PASH) and diencephalic or cortical dysfunction evidenced by non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and wakefulness polysomnographic markers.

Methods
In a study involving 43 patients with PD who underwent clinical examination, rectosigmoidoscopy, and polysomnography, we detected PASH on colonic biopsies using whole-mount immunostaining. We performed a visual semi-quantitative analysis of NREM sleep and wake electroencephalography (EEG), confirmed it with automated quantification of spindle and slow wave features of NREM sleep, and the wake dominant frequency, and then determined probable Arizona PD stage classifications based on sleep and wake EEG features.

Results
The visual analysis aligned with the automated quantified spindle characteristics and the wake dominant frequency. Altered NREM sleep and wake parameters correlated with markers of PD severity, colonic PASH, and RBD diagnosis. Colonic PASH frequency also increased in parallel to probable Arizona PD stage classifications.

Conclusions
Colonic PASH is strongly associated with widespread brain sleep and wake dysfunction, suggesting an extensive diffusion of the pathologic process in PD. Visual and automated analyses of polysomnography signals provide useful markers to gauge covert brain dysfunction in PD.

Clinical Trial
Name: SYNAPark, URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01748409, registration: NCT01748409
Effects of monensin and cashew nut-shell extract on bacterial community composition in a dual-flow continuous culture system
Authors: Sarmikasoglou Efstathios , Sumadong Phussorn , Roesch Luiz Fernando , Halima Sultana , Hikita Chie , Watanabe Tomonori , Faciola Antonio P 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of including monensin and two doses of CNSE in a high producing dairy cow diet on ruminal bacterial communities. A dual-flow continuous culture system was used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin Square design. A basal diet was formulated to meet the requirements of a cow producing 45 kg of milk per d (17% crude protein and 27% starch). There were four experimental treatments: the basal diet without any feed additive (CON), 2.5 μM monensin (MON), 100 ppm CNSE granule (CNSE100), and 200 ppm CNSE granule (CNSE200). Samples were collected from the fluid and solid effluents at 3, 6, and 9 h after feeding; a composite of all time points was made for each fermenter within their respective fractions. Bacterial community composition was analyzed by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Treatment responses for bacterial community structure were analyzed with the PERMANOVA test run with the R Vegan package. Treatment responses for correlations were analyzed with the CORR procedure of SAS. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test the effects of (1) ADD (CON vs. MON, CNSE100, and CNSE200); (2) MCN (MON vs. CNSE100 and CNSE200); and (3) DOSE (CNSE100 vs. CNSE200). Significance was declared at P ≤ 0.05. We observed that the relative abundance of Sharpea (P &lt; 0.01), Mailhella (P = 0.05), Ruminococcus (P = 0.03), Eubacterium (P = 0.01), and Coprococcus (P &lt; 0.01) from the liquid fraction and the relative abundance of Ruminococcus (P = 0.03) and Catonella (P = 0.02) from the solid fraction decreased, while the relative abundance of Syntrophococcus (P = 0.02) increased in response to MON when compared to CNSE treatments. Our results demonstrate that CNSE and monensin have similar effects on the major ruminal bacterial genera, while some differences were observed in some minor genera. Overall, the tested additives would affect the ruminal fermentation in a similar pattern.
SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunosuppression evolves sub-lineages which independently accumulate neutralization escape mutations
Authors: Lustig Gila , Ganga Yashica , Rodel Hylton E , Tegally Houriiyah , Khairallah Afrah , Jackson Laurelle , Cele Sandile , Khan Khadija , Jule Zesuliwe , Reedoy Kajal , Karim Farina , Bernstein Mallory , Ndung’u Thumbi , Moosa Mahomed-Yunus S , Archary Derseree , de Oliveira Tulio , Lessells Richard , Neher Richard A , Abdool Karim Salim S , Sigal Alex 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
One mechanism of variant formation may be evolution during long-term infection in immunosuppressed people. To understand the viral phenotypes evolved during such infection, we tested SARS-CoV-2 viruses evolved from an ancestral B.1 lineage infection lasting over 190 days post-diagnosis in an advanced HIV disease immunosuppressed individual. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed two evolving sub-lineages, with the second sub-lineage replacing the first sub-lineage in a seeming evolutionary sweep. Each sub-lineage independently evolved escape from neutralizing antibodies. The most evolved virus for the first sub-lineage (isolated day 34) and the second sub-lineage (isolated day 190) showed similar escape from ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Delta-variant infection elicited neutralizing immunity despite having no spike mutations in common relative to the B.1 lineage. The day 190 isolate also evolved higher cell–cell fusion and faster viral replication and caused more cell death relative to virus isolated soon after diagnosis, though cell death was similar to day 34 first sub-lineage virus. These data show that SARS-CoV-2 strains in prolonged infection in a single individual can follow independent evolutionary trajectories which lead to neutralization escape and other changes in viral properties.