bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EPSPS target site mechanisms confer glyphosate resistance in Arctotheca calendula
Authors: Zakaria Norazua , Han Heping , Khalil Yaseen , Ashworth Michael , Yu Qin , Flower Ken C 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe first case of glyphosate resistance was reported in a capeweed population from Western Australia in our previous study. This current study investigates the resistance mechanisms in the population.RESULTSTarget‐site EPSPS gene sequencing revealed two partial sequences of the EPSPS transcripts (1001 bp and 998 bp), and the full‐length sequence (1551 bp) containing the 1001‐bp transcript was cloned as it was found in the resistant plants. A known resistance‐endowing target‐site mutation in the 1551‐bp transcript was identified in the resistant plants, resulting in the Pro‐106‐Ser substitution. The subpopulation derived from these mutant plants exhibited >10‐fold resistance to glyphosate compared to the susceptible population. Additionally, the EPSPS gene (1551 bp) was constitutively expressed at a higher level (4.3‐fold) in the resistant than in the susceptible populations. However, 14C‐glyphosate foliar uptake was similar with no visual difference in 14C‐glyphosate translocation from leaves to other parts of a plant, between the resistant and susceptible population.CONCLUSIONGlyphosate resistance in the studied population is associated with both a target‐site mutation (Pro‐106‐Ser) and increased EPSPS gene expression. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Isoflavones extracted from Millettia pachyloba prevent the infection of the rice blast fungus by inhibiting its conidial germination and appressorium formation
Authors: Lin Qitong , Guo Hong , Zhu Yanqiu , Gao Wenqiang , Zhu Xiaoying , Lai Daowan , Qi Linlu , Li Zhigang , Chen Deng , Lu Xunli , Zhao Wensheng , Peng You‐Liang , Zhang Zhenhua , Yang Jun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe ascomycete Magnaporthe oryzae is a destructive phytopathogenic fungus that causes rice blast disease and can greatly reduce rice yields. Due to the widespread use of synthesized chemical fungicides and the frequent occurrence of fungicide resistance and environmental pollution as a result, it has become increasingly urgent to develop environmentally friendly biocontrol alternatives, including plant crude extracts.RESULTSIn this study, the crude extracts of the tropical plant Millettia pachyloba were screened out and exhibited excellent preventive effects against M. oryzae at 200 μg mL−1. Bio‐guided isolation of M. pachyloba was conducted and three isoflavonoids, rotenolone, durmillone, and durallone, whose chemical structures were determined using spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses, were obtained. The three isoflavonoids exhibited antifungal activities on conidial germination and appressorium formation in M. oryzae. Rotenolone had the strongest effect, with EC50 values of 57.81 μg mL−1 on conidial germination and 19.14 μg mL−1 on appressorium formation. Comparative metabolomics showed that differential metabolites were enriched in ABC transporter pathways and amino acid metabolic pathways when M. oryzae conidia were treated with rotenolone, suggesting that rotenolone interferes with amino acid transportation. Moreover, the M. pachyloba crude extract also effectively inhibited the infection of other fungal pathogens on tomato, apple, wheat, and maize.CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that isoflavones extracted from M. pachyloba prevent rice blast by inhibiting the infection‐related morphogenesis of M. oryzae and may interfere with amino acid transport, demonstrating that M. pachyloba crude extract exhibits potential as a bio‐fungicide for controlling fungal diseases in plants. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Exposure‐Response of Subcutaneous Atezolizumab in Patients With Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Chan Phyllis , Liu Stephanie N. , Gosselin Nathalie , Sauve Zacharie , Marchand Mathilde , Lin Alyse , Herraez‐Baranda Luis , Zanghi James , Shearer‐Kang Esther , Liu Xiaoyan , Wu Benjamin , Chanu Pascal 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIMscin001 is a two‐part dose‐finding (Phase Ib) and ‐confirmation (Phase III) study to evaluate atezolizumab pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous (SC) compared with intravenous (IV) administration in patients with locally advanced or metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The objectives of the current analyses were to characterize the population pharmacokinetics (popPK) of atezolizumab and to determine the relationship between atezolizumab exposure and safety and efficacy endpoints in IMscin001. A previously validated IV popPK model was extended to add SC absorption parameters using SC and IV data from Phase Ib and Phase III of IMscin001 (N = 435), and covariate effects were investigated on the SC absorption parameters. The exposure‐response (ER) investigation was performed using SC data following 1875 mg every three weeks (q3w) administration in the Phase III portion of IMscin001 (N = 246). The clinical endpoints were objective response rate, progression‐free survival, or overall survival for efficacy, serious adverse events, special interest adverse events, Grades 3–5 adverse events, infusion‐related reaction, or injection site reactions for safety. Atezolizumab SC absorption was characterized by a first‐order absorption with a bioavailability of 71.8% and an absorption rate constant of 0.304 day−1. The extended popPK model was adequate to predict atezolizumab PK after IV and SC administrations and to predict individual exposure metrics. For all efficacy and safety endpoints, atezolizumab exposure was not statistically significant (p‐value > 0.05) in the ER models. The non‐inferior popPK exposure and flat ER results supported atezolizumab SC dose at 1875 mg q3w.
Improved Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency With Low Tillage Intensity: Evidence and Research Gaps
Authors: Holm Lasse Busk , Elsgaard Lars , Zong Mingming , Liang Zhi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHigh microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) in agricultural soils can limit the return of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) from organic matter mineralisation and potentially increase soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation through the formation of microbial biomass and necromass. Therefore, soil management practices that increase microbial CUE are relevant for sustainable agriculture and climate change mitigation. We conducted an exploratory literature review and evidence synthesis to compare microbial CUE between conventional tillage (CT) and low‐intensity tillage systems (reduced tillage, RT and no‐tillage, NT). The synthesis of 50 paired observations from 11 studies showed an overall increase in microbial CUE of 12% in soils under low‐intensity tillage compared to CT (p = 0.02). Separate tillage contrasts of RT and NT versus CT (i.e., RT/CT and NT/CT) also showed higher microbial CUE for soils under low‐intensity tillage with p = 0.06 and p = 0.05, respectively. The increase in CUE is likely due to improved substrate availability for microbial growth and/or changes in the microbial community induced by the contrasting tillage systems. However, the limited availability of quantitative data linking tillage‐induced changes in these drivers to microbial CUE constrains further analysis. We also extracted available SOC data from the eligible studies, but this data did not provide evidence that increases in microbial CUE were correlated with increases in SOC content. Future studies should extend the emerging empirical data set and clarify the abiotic and biotic drivers through which tillage practices can be refined for better SOC management and climate change mitigation strategies. Further studies should also aim to better understand the link between microbial CUE and SOC dynamics, which is important for the representation of CUE in global SOC models.
2‐Indolinone: An Anticancer Scaffold, Overview of the Studies and Approaches (2017–2024)
Authors: Koulani Taha , Temizer Asu Busra , Karali Nilgun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract2‐Indolinone is a versatile scaffold that has been the central moiety in the structure of various drugs. Since the introduction of sunitinib malate, 2‐indolinones have been a principal pharmacophoric building block in many drug discovery studies, especially in the last few years. Compounds bearing the 2‐indolinone ring system have shown various therapeutic effects, including but not limited to, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐HIV, antimicrobial, antipsychotic, antiparkinson, and anticancer activities. Considering that cancer is among the major global causes of death, the antiproliferative activities of these compounds have been the goal of numerous studies. The present review presents an overview of the approaches and advances made during the last eight years (2017–2024) regarding the development of 2‐indolinone derivatives within the field of anticancer drug discovery. The derivates gathered herein are classified according to the therapeutic target of the developed compounds, and notable structure‐activity relationships as well as significant molecular docking interactions with the target enzymes have been highlighted in each instance. Accordingly, special attention has been paid to reporting derivatives with superior antiproliferative and enzymatic inhibitory effects that have emerged as lead compounds within each respective study.
Nanoscale Silicon Fingerprints for Counterfeit Prevention in Microchips
Authors: Liu Bo , Farhadi Amin , Bartschmid Theresa , Zhang Yamin , Guo Chunsheng , Feng Shiwei , Bourret Gilles R. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe increasing vulnerability of microchips to counterfeiting poses a significant threat to nations, companies, and the general public. Creating a unique “fingerprint” on each chip using intrinsic manufacturing variations can significantly prevent the number of fraudulent chips. Since Si‐based semiconductor fabrication processes are now flawless down to a few nanometers, finding a high‐entropy source at the nanoscale has become challenging. Inspired by the concept of physical unclonable function, this work reports the CMOS‐compatible and lithography‐free fabrication of unique nanostructured silicon “fingerprints.” Nanostructuring is achieved via low‐temperature dewetting and metal‐assisted chemical etching, which produces a high level of entropy and unique silicon‐based nanoscale fingerprints with linewidths tunable from ≈8 to 140 nm, commensurate with the dimensions of mainstream microfabrication processes. These Si nanofingerprints are highly reliable for chip authentication and against reverse engineering, providing a large encoding capacity of up to 216384/µm2. For practical applications, detection of fingerprints protected with a polymer coating is demonstrated using back‐scattered electron imaging.
Learning Phenotype Associated Signature in Spatial Transcriptomics with PASSAGE
Authors: Guo Chen‐Kai , Xia Chen‐Rui , Peng Guangdun , Cao Zhi‐Jie , Gao Ge 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSpatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) is poised to advance the understanding of cellular organization within complex tissues under various physiological and pathological conditions at unprecedented resolution. Despite the development of numerous computational tools that facilitate the automatic identification of statistically significant intra‐/inter‐slice patterns (like spatial domains), these methods typically operate in an unsupervised manner, without leveraging sample characteristics like physiological/pathological states. Here PASSAGE (Phenotype Associated Spatial Signature Analysis with Graph‐based Embedding), a rationally‐designed deep learning framework is presented for characterizing phenotype‐associated signatures across multiple heterogeneous spatial slices effectively. In addition to its outstanding performance in systematic benchmarks, PASSAGE's unique capability in calling sophisticated signatures has been demonstrated in multiple real‐world cases. The full package of PASSAGE is available at https://github.com/gao‐lab/PASSAGE.
Experimental Performance Analysis of Data Consistency Levels in NoSQL Databases
Authors: Ferreira Saulo , Mendonça Júlio , Andrade Ermeson 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjective: NoSQL database management systems (DBMSs) are designed to handle large‐scale data for modern applications. These systems often operate in a distributed manner, allowing data to be spread across multiple nodes to ensure replication, reduce data loss, and facilitate recovery. The consistency level in these DBMSs determines how synchronized data is across nodes, influencing the trade‐off among consistency, availability, and system performance. Given that different applications have unique requirements, understanding the impact of various consistency levels is essential. This study conducts an in‐depth analysis of how consistency level choices affect the performance of three leading NoSQL DBMSs: Cassandra, MongoDB, and Redis.Methods: These systems were evaluated under different consistency configurations, user loads, and workloads, with performance metrics including average response time and operations per second.Results: Our results show that Cassandra and Redis handle write operations faster than MongoDB, though Cassandra experiences significant slowdowns of up to 200% when switching to strong consistency. This performance degradation is observed for both read and write operations, making Cassandra the most affected DBMS when opting for strong consistency.Conclusion: The detailed findings offer valuable insights into the trade‐offs between performance and consistency in these DBMSs, providing guidance for database engineers in selecting appropriate consistency levels based on their application needs.
Cellular concrete: A viable low‐carbon alternative for developing countries in seismic regions?
Authors: Coral Estefani , Ávila Carlos , Gallegos Elvia , Salazar Andrés , Barros Liliana , Rivera Edgar 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study investigates the potential of cellular concrete as an environmentally friendly alternative for shear walls based structural systems in seismic‐prone areas. The construction industry significantly contributes to global energy consumption and carbon emissions, mainly through the use of conventional materials like concrete and steel. In seismic regions, the challenge is to build structures that are both sustainable and earthquake resistant. Through a “cradle‐to‐gate” life cycle assessment (LCA), the study analyses the environmental impact of constructing a seven‐story archetype residential building in Quito‐Ecuador. The research reveals that steel reinforcement is the primary source of CO2 emissions and energy consumption. Cellular concrete demonstrates a notable reduction in CO2 emissions compared with traditional concrete, emphasizing the potential of cellular concrete as a low‐carbon alternative. The findings underscore the need to integrate LCA into structural design to minimize ecological impact. While promising for developing cities, further research is essential to inform sustainable construction practices without compromising safety in seismic zones.
Service Design for ThaiHealth Food Program: Exploring Participatory Policy Development
Authors: van Willenswaard Wallapa ,   Integration Project 2020 Team
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Without claiming to belong to any formal design school, Innovation Network International (INI), by means of its Integration Project, is creatively contributing to collaborative Food Policy Design in the framework of the ThaiHealth Food Program 2022–2032. This ten-year Food Program policy is developed by the Thai Health Promotion Foundation (ThaiHealth). Thanks to expert consultations, the services that various partners deliver within the Program can be articulated with more precision and aspiration. This is an ongoing process gradually shaping the Integration Project as a service to make the Food Policy Design process more participatory, more integrated and collaborative, and more system and long-term oriented. The purpose of undertaking case studies was gradually understood as identifying prototypes for scaling. The case studies or flagship projects represent examples of how three ‘design for social innovation’—issues shape scalable models for transformation toward sustainable food systems, targeting “accessible, affordable and healthy food for all”. ‘Social innovation issues’ or ‘principles’ here imply impulses that provide social innovation processes with direction, and purposeful relationships of mutual care. The three inter-active designs for social innovation principles tentatively identified are Food Literacy, Food Citizenship, and Food Community. Together they constitute creative social dynamics driving the Food Program policy design and implementation. The chapter introduces Public Food Procurement Policy Design to create conditions for an envisaged scaling process.
Plurality of Service Design from a Cultural Perspective: Collective Discourses in East and Southeast Asia
Authors: Baek Joon Sang , Yu Eun , Lee Jung-Joo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the domain of design, Asian countries predominantly engage with established frameworks and methodologies, often integrating them from other regions rather than pioneering new ones. This adaptation of philosophies, principles, and methods from various design domains—including human-centered design, interaction design, and user experience design—has been critiqued for its alignment with Western rationalism and neoliberalism, leading to a monolithic view of design. This issue is pronounced in service design, where dominant narratives overshadow the diverse cultural contexts of application. The trend of formalizing service design processes in Asian organizations risks perpetuating this monolithic perspective, neglecting socio-cultural nuances. To address this challenge, reflective dialogues among Asian service design practitioners and researchers are crucial. This chapter introduces an initiative fostering such dialogues, involving service design practitioners and researchers from Japan, South Korea, Mainland China, Thailand, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. These discussions revisit service design concepts from cultural perspectives and identify practical challenges and strategies for effective implementation. The findings highlight the need for a nuanced approach to service design in East and Southeast Asia, proposing a future research agenda for its sustained development.
Design for Democratic Innovation in Taiwan
Authors: “Fang-Raye” Chang Fang-Jui , Lin Shu-Yang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter takes a broader look at Service Design and design practice in terms of the resonance with co-creation and civic participation, which are core elements of democracy. Service Design helps innovate public services and policies through obtaining deep insights from different perspectives, reframing problems, co-creating, and testing with relevant stakeholders. At Public Digital Innovation Space (PDIS) in Taiwan, the ways of approaching challenges using the processes and methods of Service Design need to be re-examined and improved based on the ever-changing context of the Taiwanese central government and its complex systems. As the discipline of Public Service Design develops, it is crucial to reflect on its thinking, doing, and opportunities to support democratic innovation. Responses to questions like “Who designs services and policies?”, “Who and what do we prioritize?”, “Who and what are being left out of the design process?”, “How might we transcend the limitation of representation?”, “How might we truly co-create rather than fall into the trap of tokenistic participation?” and “How might we create civic spaces for co-creation?” will affect how society as a whole evolves. Strategies and approaches for democratic innovation through the lens of design are being elaborated on in this chapter, from accounting for all perspectives to institutionalization, followed by discussions and conclusions. Democratic innovation requires a robust civil society to support the work, and the work also reinforces a stronger civil society.
Layering hyperintensity in T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging predicts gallbladder sludge: a retrospective cohort and diagnostic accuracy study in patients with significant liver disease
Authors: Pugliesi Rosa Alba , Siepmann Timo , Kaiser Daniel P. O. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Layering hyperintensity in the gallbladder is frequently observed on T1-weighted (T1w) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but its association with hepatobiliary disorders is not well understood.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of T1w layering in the gallbladder and its correlation with ultrasound (US) findings and patient characteristics in a cohort with significant liver disease.

Methods
A single-center study from 2015 to 2022 included patients who underwent MRI and abdominal US within one week. Exclusion criteria were poor imaging quality and prior cholecystectomy. MRI findings were correlated with US and analyzed against patient characteristics.

Results
Among 415 patients (mean age 58.3 ± 14.8 years; mean BMI 28.0 ± 4.5 kg/m²), 67% had abnormal liver function tests, with high prevalences of cirrhosis (n = 260), transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) (n = 233), and choledocholithiasis (n = 106). T1w layering was observed in 56% (n = 232) and associated with higher BMI (p = 0.001) and with cholecystolithiasis (p < 0.001), but not with age, sex, or liver disease indicators. T1w layering was predictive of gallbladder sludge on US (odds ratio 17.2, 95% confidence interval 9.87–31.44, p < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 92.7% but moderate specificity (57.9%).

Conclusion
T1w layering on MRI strongly predicts gallbladder sludge detected on US and is associated with increased BMI in this cohort of patients with liver disease. However, the moderate specificity requires cautious interpretation, and our findings suggest that T1w layering may serve as a complementary diagnostic tool.