bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Threats and humiliation in the workplace
Authors: Lindert J , Sisenop F , Agay-Shay K , Etzel R , Mollica R , Baccarelli A A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Threats and humiliation in the workplace and related mental health consequences are a serious public health problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between threats and humiliation at the workplace and mental health of scientists.

Methods
We analysed de-identified data from environmental scientists who had responded to an online survey about self-identified threats and humiliation at the workplace and mental health. Eligible were scientists who were members or former members of the International Society of Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE). Generalized linear models were used to study cross-sectional associations between threats and humiliation at the workplace and self-reported health, depression, anxiety and stress symptoms.

Results
Of those contacted, 1,907 opened the invitation (50·6%), and 627 participated (32·9%) [64·4% female (n = 397); 35·6% male (n = 219)]. For this study we included those who answered to the threats and humiliation questions (n = 500; 64·2% (n = 321) females and 35·8% (n = 179 males). Of those 15·0% (n = 61/345) reported poor health, 17·0 (n = 66) depression; 24·7% anxiety and 31·9% (N = 122) stress symptoms. 77.4% female and 68.9% males reported at least one humiliation event at their workplace. Threats were most common among females, those who were 18 to 30 years old, and not professors; humiliation was most common among females. Exposure to threats (e.g. being put on leave) and humiliation (e.g. being excluded) were associated with worse self-perceived health, and more symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in a statistically significant dose-response relationship.

Conclusions
Threats and humiliation at the workplace are frequent among health scientists. These exposures are associated with mental health conditions. The findings suggest that prevention and intervention policies aimed to reduce threats and humiliation at the workplace may contribute to promoting mental health of scientists.
Knowledge and attitudes towards LGBT people and their healthcare needs among doctors in two selected hospitals in Sri Lanka
Authors: Chandraratne N , Wijerathne UHSN , Wijesekara S , Wijesekara DATV , Wijesundara WMAC 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The sexual and gender minority (SGM) community is subjected to discrimination in healthcare settings due to the lack of knowledge and hostile attitudes among healthcare professionals globally. This study assesses the knowledge and attitudes of doctors in two hospitals in Sri Lanka towards SGM people & identifies various factors associated with their knowledge & attitudes.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 112 Medical Officers in two Sri Lankan hospitals. Data were collected through an online self-administered survey created using the modified SEKHQ (Sex Education and Knowledge about Homosexuality Questionnaire) & AHQ (Attitudes Towards Homosexuality Questionnaire). The response rate was 97.3% (N = 109). Cutoff scores were created to determine whether the knowledge and attitudes were ‘good’, & we used the Pearson correlation to assess their relationship. The association between attitudes and various factors was analyzed using the t test and we report p-values under 0.05.

Results
The preliminary results indicated that most Medical Officers had ‘good’ knowledge (70.6%; n = 84) & attitudes (94.5%; n = 103) toward SGM people. A moderate & positive linear correlation (r = 0.567) between knowledge & attitudes was noted, such that better knowledge aligned with better attitudes. Sociodemographic factors, such as sex, marital status, & hometown of the participants, & professional factors, such as years of experience & graduation from university, showed no association with attitudes. In contrast, a strong association between self-perceived religiosity (higher religiosity) & negative attitudes was identified (p &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
The knowledge and attitudes of doctors in the selected hospitals are satisfactory, & knowledge is a possible tool in shaping the attitudes toward the SGM community in Sri Lanka. Self-perceived religiosity harmed attitudes, which calls attention to specific education efforts needed among more religious providers.
A new Norwegian Injury Registration System as a starting point to assess the burden of injuries in Norway
Authors: Lund Johan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The police register is the main database for monitoring traffic injuries. A study made by Safe Traffic in Norway found that only one of three severe traffic injuries is registered in this register. For giving more complete data, a health-based injury monitoring system was established in 2022 for a period of five years, financed by the traffic safety authorities.

Methods
An Injury Minimum Data Set (MDS) is collected from all injuries that are treated in ten hospitals and seven municipality AEDs in the primary health care, a representative sample of all medically treated injuries in Norway. By recording the unique birth number of the patient, double registrations are deleted. When fully developed, this system will register about 50 % of all injuries treated in the hospitals as in- and out-patients, and about 10 % of all injuries in the primary health care system in Norway. Max AIS (Abbreviated Injury Scale) and diagnosis (ICD-10 - hospitals, and ICPC-2 - primary health care) are among the registered variables for each injury. Based on the ICD-10 codes, long term disability weights (DW) can be calculated (Gabbe et al 2014). Then the injury burden of injuries in Norway can be shown by: 1) Threat to life: a) minor (AIS 1), b) moderate (AIS 2) and c) serious, (AIS 3+, including AIS 4-6). 2) Threat of disability: a) low, b) medium and c) high probability of long-term disability.

Results
Data from 2023 seems to be complete enough to enable calculations of the annual injury burden in Norway.

Future work
There is a need to establish internationally agreed disability weights to enable comparisons across countries. And to establish conversions from ICPC-2 codes to ICD-10 codes for enabling calculations of DWs of injuries treated in the primary health system.
Mediation analysis
Authors: McHugh-Power J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Understanding mechanisms between the urban environmental exposome and cognitive functioning outcomes is a key aim of the SPACE project. Structural equation modelling (SEM) offers a framework in which to consider potential mechanisms identified in DAGs (see IAP, Presentation 1) and evaluate their contribution to total effects between the environment and cognitive functioning. SEM allows multiple regression-based pathways to be computed simultaneously, meaning that variables can flexibly be specified as both outcomes and predictors in one overarching model. Another advantage of SEM is its use of latent modelling, which reduces measurement error (particularly useful in a multivariate context with many variables). This presentation will provde a brief introduction to SEM, latent modelling, and mediation analysis. Using state of the art approaches to assessing mediation with longitudinal data in a SEM framework, and with data from waves 1 and 2 of NICOLA, we will then discuss the application of mediation in SEM to relevant paths identified in the DAGs, including psychosocial and behaviour mediators (e.g. depressive symptoms, social isolation, physical activity). Finally, we will proceed through a worked example (the path from the urban environmental exposome, via depressive symptomatology as a mediator, to cognitive functioning as an outcome), and discuss a specific advantage of SEM mediation analysis: model modification.
7.F. Workshop: Local physical activity policy evaluation: state of the art, tools and methods and future directions
Authors:   Organised by: University of Limerick (Ireland), French Society of Public Health (France),   Chair persons: Aurélie Van Hoye (Ireland)
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Insufficient physical activity (PA) is one of the most significant risk factors for chronic diseases and premature mortality worldwide. Public policies are recognized as upstream factors providing system change beyond individual changes. Policies have been recognised as an effective way to increase population PA levels, as they support the development of evidence-based interventions and programs in different domains, that help create a ‘healthy’ PA environment and enhanced PA opportunities. Previous studies have shown an important impact of PA promotion policies at local level (municipalities), but insufficient research and tool development has been realised on PA policies beyond national level. First, the workshop will briefly describe the scientific state of the art on local PA promotion policies evaluation, based on results from a literature review. Second, the panel will present the CAPLA-Santé, a policy evaluation tool designed by a stakeholders’ group in France, based on the Health Enhancing Physical Activity Policy Audit Tool of the World Health Organisation, to comprehensively review local PA policies. The final version of CAPLA-Santé contains 21 items divided into six sections: 1. Overview of HEPA stakeholders in the local government area, 2. Policy documents, 3. Policy contents, 4. Funding and political engagement, 5. Studies and measures relating to physical activity in the local government area, and 6. Progress achieved and future challenges. CAPLA-Santé allows the collection and in-depth analysis of local level policies to assess the progress in promoting PA and intersectoral collaboration as well as identifying successful policy levers and remaining challenges. Third, the panel will illustrate its use in 5 countries worldwide (Finland, France, Germany, Japan and Romania), summarising findings and explaining how such tools allow cross-cultural comparison. Fourth, panellists will discuss the challenges and success in using such tools and provide insights on how these tools can serve as capacity building for policy makers and to draw recommendations, as well as cross-cultural comparisons.

Key messages
• The workshop will provide key advise on how to monitor local physical activity policies.
• The workshop will equip participants with tools to face the challenge of local physical activity policy evaluation.

Speakers/Panelists
Petru Sandu
Cluj School of Public Health, Babes-Bolyai University in Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Anne Vuillemin
Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
François Berdougo
Société Française de Santé Publique, Laxou, France
Peter Gelius
FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
From evidence-based health prevention registers to best practices in implementation: how to succeed and tailor an effective prevention program?
Authors: Gouffe-Benadiba L , Arwidson P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The role of evidence-based prevention registers and “best practice portals”, aiming at health enhancing behaviour changes and reducing social inequalities, are even more important in the post COVID era. Evidence-based practices are interventions for which there is consistent scientific evidence asserting that they improve health outcomes for a specific population at time T in setting S. Adaptation and dissemination are the next challenges for decision-makers whereas there is no scientific consensus on a universal dissemination and adaptation model. Best practice portals should help to disseminate evidence-based interventions in health prevention. Therefore specific skills for adapting and implementing programs in local settings are needed. Models for dissemination remain complex for field practitioners and local stakeholders. Nevertheless, effective implementation can be achieved by supporting the local practitioners and stakeholders with scientific standards in prevention research including a delivery system, an organizational capacity, a support system and a strong training and technical assistance.
In this workshop, we will briefly present:
1. The implementation of evidence-based interventions (Unplugged, ICAPS Intervention centred on adolescents’ physical activity and sedentary behavior) or experimented for adaptation (Panjo: Nurse-family partnership, PSFP: Strengthening Families Program, Good Behavior Game, MBCP: Mindfulness-based childbirth and parenting).
2. The lessons learned from the implementation of these interventions. The required conditions for dissemination include readiness assessment, affordability of training and manuals, targeted audience, materials, supportive training and assistance. Fidelity monitoring tools must be provided for field practitioners who face the dilemma to adapt evidence-based program respecting its unchangeable core components (fidelity vs. flexibility in adapting an evidence-based intervention).
The fossil fuel industry's suppression of public knowledge surrounding the toxic effects of benzene
Authors: Crosbie E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Individuals working in industries that produce or use benzene, a chemical compound known to produce chronic health effects including leukemia and death, are occupationally exposed to the highest levels of benzene. It is much less known how corporations, and in particular Shell Oil Company, suppressed public health information and formed relationships to promote false data to influence legislation and standards regarding benzene. We conducted archival research in the UCSF Chemical Industry Documents Library by reviewing the Benzene collection which contains 4,025 Shell Oil Company internal documents (1920s-1990s). We conducted standard snowball keyword search methods and thematically coded for major events, individuals, and relationships regarding the suppression of benzene. In 1949, Shell executives privately admitted that there was no safe level of exposure to benzene. During the 1950s, Shell unsuccessfully attempted to find cheaper alternatives to replace benzene used in petroleum. As scientific evidence emerged regarding the health harms of benzene in the 1960s and 1970s, government regulatory agencies increasingly proposed regulations to minimize benzene exposure. In response, Shell executives funded research to downplay benzene exposure to workers. Shell also used these studies to suppress and misdirect emerging evidence. Meanwhile Shell developed internal employee handbooks and monitoring programs to minimize any threats of company liability instead of dropping the usage of benzene. Internal Shell documents reveal the company suppressed public knowledge surrounding the toxic Effects of benzene since the 1940s. Governments should ban the use of benzene to protect the health and safety of workers.
8.I. Skills building seminar: Improving your elevator pitch: convincing a policymaker in a matter of seconds
Authors:   Organised by: EUPHA, EUPHAnxt,   Chair persons: Maaike Droogers (EUPHA), Monica Brînzac (EUPHAnxt)
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Many public health researchers aspire their scientific findings to contribute to evidence-informed policies. However, realising this translation of evidence into policy is often experienced as a challenge. This is no surprise, as typical researchers’ activities - from data collection and analysis to publishing scientific articles - is a totally different ballgame than getting your messages across to policymakers. Additional skills are required by public health researchers in order to let their research findings make their way into health policies. One of those skills is to be able to pitch your work when meeting a policymaker e.g. in an elevator. In this skills building seminar high scoring abstract submitters will be invited to present their work in maximum 60 seconds to a panel of policymakers and politicians. Following the learning by doing approach, this hands on session will not only be a learning experience for the presenting researchers, also the audience will learn, as each pitch will receive feedback on the spot from the panel of real policymakers and politicians. Are they interested? Do they remember the key message? And if all goes well, do you get an invitation to come back and present more of your work?
Since a number of years the European Public Health Association (EUPHA) has been organising skills building seminars on the elevator pitch. Building forward on those previous four successful and well-attended workshops, the current workshop will follow up on this series and take forward where the previous editions ended. Lessons learned at the previous elevator pitch workshops:
- Have a clear ask (keep it simple) and show enthusiasm.
- Appeal to the policymaker's own interests and priorities.
- Spell out how action will be beneficial for the policymaker.
- Be aware of upcoming elections.
- Build a relationship with the assistants of politicians.
- Consider the ‘policy window’.
- Make the comparison with the policy plan.
- Propose an action the politician should undertake.
- Identify the relevant stakeholders and groups affected by the problem.
For this fifth edition we take the elevator pitch to the next level. Whereas previous editions allowed pitches up to 2 minutes, the current seminar will set the timer at 60 seconds. The previous editions showed that keeping the pitch very short was more successful. The session will be wrapped up by a key note with reflections on the pitches exercise and linking this to what the literature says about influencing healthy policy making.

Key messages
• The elevator pitch is a useful skill to have for public health researchers to facilitate the outcomes of their research feed into health policies.
• There are numerous tools available to effectively communicate public health messages to policymakers and promote evidence-informed policy making.
Parental education, ADHD in family and ADHD diagnosis incidence in Finnish children and adolescents
Authors: Volotinen L , Metsä-Simola N , Remes H , Martikainen P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Lower parental education is linked to higher incidence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis in offspring, as is having ADHD in family, but these associations are rarely studied together. We examined whether parental education predicts offspring ADHD diagnosis differently for children and adolescents with or without ADHD family members.

Methods
We used Finnish total population register-based data on individuals born between 1994-2003 with non-migrant background. We followed 228,247 boys and 217,866 girls for first ADHD diagnosis, measured from health care or medication registers, in childhood (4-12) and adolescence (13-17), and identified ADHD for biological parents or full siblings. We used Poisson regression to examine differences in diagnoses separately by offspring sex and age group.

Results
Preliminary results show that boys are more often diagnosed for ADHD in childhood and girls in adolescence, but incidence is higher for boys in both age groups. Among boys and girls without ADHD family members, lower parental education is associated with higher incidence in both childhood and adolescence. Among those with ADHD family members, lower parental education predicts higher incidence in childhood, but in adolescence the differences by parental education even out for boys, and for girls, higher parental education predicts higher incidence.

Conclusions
While lower parental education predicts higher ADHD diagnosis incidence in general, for adolescents in ADHD families, higher parental education seems to increase the likelihood of getting diagnosed -particularly for girls. This suggests that adolescents in ADHD families with lower parental education may remain without ADHD diagnosis if they are not diagnosed as children. Support measures should be developed to ensure equal access to diagnosis and care irrespective of age, gender and family background.

Key messages
• Lower parental education predicts higher ADHD diagnosis incidence in general. Yet, adolescents in ADHD families with lower educated parents may remain underdiagnosed.
• Support measures should be developed to guarantee equal access to ADHD diagnosis and care regardless of family background.
The overweight epidemic increasingly hits children of lower educated parents in Belgium
Authors: Vandevijvere V , Charafeddine R , Demarest S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Childhood overweight has a negative impact on children's (mental) health. Although the prevalence of overweight among children is high in Western countries, the increasing trend seems to be levelling off since 2000. The purpose of this study is to examine this trend over the past two decades in Belgium and whether this trend differs by the parents’ socioeconomic status (SES).

Methods
Data from the Belgian Health Interview Survey (HIS), a representative cross-sectional household survey conducted in 1997, 2001, 2004, 2008, 2013 and 2018, was used. Study participants include children aged 2-17 years. The highest educational level among parents is used as a proxy for SES and is dichotomized into lower (at most a higher secondary degree versus high (higher education). Since the BMI (kg/m2) in children is instable, age/sex-specific cutoff points are used to estimate the weighted prevalence (95% confidence interval) of self-reported overweight (including obesity), by SES and year. Significant differences (p&lt;.05) of the association between overweight and SES 1997 is assessed through logistic regression controlled for age and sex using 1997 as reference year.

Results
The overall prevalence of overweight among children is significantly higher in 2018 (19.0% (16.4-21.6%)) than in 1997 (13.6% (11.2-16.0%)), but no difference compared to the intervening years. Among the lower educated, this prevalence increased from 16.8% (13.2-20.4%) in 1997 to 27.8% (23.3-32.4%) in 2018; and among the high educated from 8.8% (6.0-11.5%) to 12.9% (10.0-15.8%). Compared to 1997, the difference between the low and the high educated increased significantly since 2008.

Conclusions
Two decades of HIS have shown that the SES is becoming an even more important risk factor for overweight among children. Health promotion on nutrition and physical activity at school has the potential to reach children from all socioeconomic backgrounds, making it an important means of tackling health inequalities.

Key messages
• Efforts to monitor the evolution of overweight and its determinants among (deprived) children.
• Health-promoting schools are a nice initiative to reduce overweight among (deprived) children.