bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smectite Quasicrystals in Aqueous Solutions as a Function of Cationic Surfactant Concentration
Authors: Kuwaharada Satoru , Tateyama Hiroshi , Nishimura Satoshi , Hirosue Hideharu 
Published: February 2003

AbstractQuasicrystals of synthetic fluoromagnesian smectite (FMS) in dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC) solutions were investigated as a function of the DTAC concentration by wet type X-ray diffraction (XRD) ζ potential measurements, and dispersion and coagulation (DC) tests. The FMS had an electronegative potential and it was dispersed randomly in an aqueous suspension without DTAC. When the DTAC concentration was 0.002 mol/dm3, FMS tactoids started to develop a structure in which the layer thickness was 1.85 nm. At the isoelectric point, the DTAC concentration was 0.012 mol/dm3 and the FMS tactoid formed a regular stacked structure with a 2.25 nm layer thickness. As the ζ potential of FMS changed from negative to positive, the DC test and XRD measurement showed that the FMS association gradually changed from coagulation to dispersion, which indicates that the formation of the bilayer of surfactants on the surface of FMS produces a repulsion between DTA+ adsorbed on the silicate layer of the FMS surfaces. When the equilibrium concentration of DTAC in solution exceeded the critical micelle concentration (CMC), the ζ potential of FMS became greater than the previous values. The XRD analysis of this suspension showed that there were two kinds of rational FMS stackings; one has a layer thickness of 3.20 nm, and the other has a layer thickness of 5.45 nm due to an interstratified structure composed of 3.20 and 2.25 nm layers. The interstratified structure was confirmed by the calculated XRD profiles.
Hydroxyl-Stretching Bands in Polarized Micro-Raman Spectra of Oriented Single-Crystal Keokuk Kaolinite
Authors: Shoval S. , Yariv S. , Michaelian K. H. , Boudeulle M. , Panczer G. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractPolarized micro-Raman spectra of a single large crystal of Keokuk kaolinite were recorded in the OH-stretching region with the laser beam directed along the different crystal axes. The Raman spectra are characterized by five OH-stretching bands at 3694, 3683, 3668, 3650 and 3620 cm−1 labeled A, Z, B, C and D, respectively. The relative intensities of these five bands depend on the orientation of the crystal and the scattering geometry. The spectra agree with the assertion that bands A and Z arise from out-of-plane vibrations, whereas band D corresponds to an in-plane vibration. The area ratios of the various bands were calculated from fitted curves of spectra recorded with the electric vector of the laser beam parallel to different crystallographic planes. The increments in the relative areas of bands B and C were parallel to those of bands A and Z and it appears that out-of-plane vibrations made considerable contributions to these bands also. From the change of area ratios with the change in the direction of the electric vector of the laser beam, bands A and Z were attributed to LO and TO frequencies of one inner-surface hydroxyl vibration. Bands A + Z, B, C and D were attributed to the vibrations of the hydroxyls assigned by Bish (1993) as OH(3), OH(4), OH(2) and OH(1), respectively. These observations were supported by photoacoustic and transmission IR spectra.
Syntheses and Characterization of Birnessite by Oxidizing Pyrochroite in Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Yang Deng S. , Wang Ming K. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBirnessite can be used as a precursor in the preparation of manganese oxides. Synthesis of pure birnessite is difficult because of a side reaction, which yields hausmannite. This study aimed to develop a modified oxidation-deprotonation reaction (ODPR) method to eliminate the formation of hausmannite, and to investigate the influence of alkalinity on the synthetic products. In contrast to the conventional synthesis of birnessite through oxygen or permanganate oxidation, the ODPR method can produce birnessite without any impurities, within 5 h, and in a reproducible fashion. The distinctive feature of the ODPR method is the bubbling of N2 gas into NaOH and Mn2+ solutions before mixing the NaOH with Mn2+, in order to keep oxygen away from each solution. As soon as white pyrochroite was formed, oxygen gas was forced in as an oxidant to initiate the oxidation reaction. A black suspension with a blue tint appeared after 5 h of reaction. These precipitates were collected and examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy. The average oxidation state of the Mn oxides was also determined. The results showed that pure birnessite with good crystallinity was formed. Oxidation of 1 M NaOH mixed with Mn2+ solution formed random-stacked birnessite. However, the oxidation of 4 M NaOH mixed with Mn2+ formed birnessite. Random-stacked birnessite can be transformed into birnessite by ageing suspensions at 313 to 373 K.
Activity Diagrams of Zeolites: Implications for the Occurrences of Zeolites in Turkey and of Erionite Worldwide
Authors: Birsoy Rezan 
Published: February 2003

AbstractSedimentary zeolite occurrences are widespread in Central and Western Anatolia, Turkey. Erionite occurrences in Central Anatolia have significant health implications for inhabitants of the region. The widespread occurrences of zeolites are generally associated with volcano-sedimentary rocks and consist of low-temperature forms. The aim of the work was to define specifically the formation mechanism and chemical characteristics of these volcano-sedimentary deposits, and particularly, the stability conditions for erionite. The first step was to construct chemical potential diagrams and calculate thermodynamic data for erionite and Ca-saponite. Then, equilibrium activity diagrams were calculated for the zeolites and related minerals in the system of Ca-Na-K-Mg-Fe-Al-Si and H2O. Stability diagrams for log [aCa2+/(aH+)2] — log [aNa+/aH+] and log [aCa2+/(aH+)2] — log [aK+/aH+] for various saturation phase activities of Al3+ and SiO2 (aq) were plotted for sedimentary conditions. The coexisting phases and chemical characteristics of the each deposit were evaluated by examination of the activity diagrams. Deposits which do not include some of the common sedimentary zeolites, possibly have high Al3+ activity (equal to or greater than gibbsite saturation) or low SiO(aq) activity (less than quartz saturation) during formation. In addition, erionite was found to be very sensitive to the alkalinity of the system and is stable in only a limited range of thermochemical conditions.
Weathering of Chlorite: I. Reactions and Products in Microsystems Controlled by the Primary Mineral
Authors: Aspandiar Mehrooz F. , Eggleton Richard A. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe weathering of chlorite in hydrothermally-altered basalt was studied with XRD, TEM and electron microprobe to determine the type and orientation of secondary minerals. Optical examination indicated chlorite assemblages to have altered in two distinct microsites: one microsite near micro-fissures traversing the regolith units, and the other away from the continuous passages. In this paper, weathering mechanisms and products of chlorite present in microsites distant from the micro-fissures are reported. In all the regolith units the original chlorite grain remained intact and was pseudomorphed by secondary products. In the saprock, chlorite altered to corrensite with possible random interstratifications of chlorite and corrensite and corrensite and vermiculite. In the saprolite, corrensite altered to vermiculite. Parallelism of two axes of the products with the host indicated topotactic alteration. In the fine saprolite, vermiculite was found to alter to kaolinite via a randomly interstratified kaolinite-vermiculite stage with a high proportion of kaolinite. Goethite crystallized in between packets of kaolinite, vermiculite and kaolinite-vermiculite. Though the disruption of the crystal structure of vermiculite is necessary in its alteration to kaolinite, the reaction was such as to maintain parallelism of the c axis. The alteration of chlorite to vermiculite was characterized by the loss of Mg and Fe and minor Al, all ions considered to be lost from the brucite-like sheet of chlorite. The Fe released during the alteration of vermiculite to kaolinite is likely to have migrated to micropores to form goethite. The presence of interstratifications of the end-members of layer silicates involved in the reaction sequence suggests that interstratifications are common during layer silicate weathering in environments where space is limited and consequently solution and ionic transport passages are restrictive.
Zeolitization of a Phonolitic Ash Flow by Groundwater in the Laach Volcanic Area, Eifel, Germany
Authors: Bernhard Franz , Barth-Wirsching Ulrike 
Published: February 2003

AbstractField and experimental studies were performed to understand the formation conditions of the Nettetal zeolite deposit, Laach volcanic area, Germany. This deposit shows pronounced small- (cm) and large-scale (tens of meters) variations of zeolitization, despite the same phonolitic precursor glass throughout the occurrence. Zeolitization of the pyroclastic ash flow is restricted to three distinct layers that are 0.15 to 10 m thick and separated by fresh ash. The glassy matrix is altered to chabazite, phillipsite, analcime and K-feldspar in various combinations, whereas the pumice clasts are altered predominantly to chabazite. Mass changes during zeolite formation appear to be small, and Ca enrichment in chabazite and phillipsite may have occurred after their formation by cation exchange.The zeolites and zeolite assemblages observed in the Nettetal deposit were experimentally reproduced by reacting the phonolitic glass at 100–200°C with distilled water and 0.01 M alkaline solutions as well as with varying solid/liquid ratios and grain-sizes. Chabazite and phillipsite represented metastable transition phases with respect to analcime and K-feldspar. A high solid/liquid ratio accelerated the conversion of glass to zeolites.None of the classic models of zeolite formation is fully applicable to the Nettetal deposit. The most probable environment for zeolitization in this deposit is the stagnant fringe water zone immediately above the groundwater table. In this zone, representing a relatively closed system, favorable solution compositions for zeolite formation could have been developed rather quickly by glass-water interaction, which is not possible within the more thoroughly flushed deeper parts of the groundwater system. The three distinct zeolite layers are probably the result of temporarily changing groundwater levels.
Acute myelogenous leukemia with the t(3;12)(q26;p13) translocation: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Voutsadakis Ioannis A. , Maillard Natacha 
Published: January 2003

AbstractTranslocations involving the EVI1/MDS1 gene at 3q26 and the TEL gene at 12p13 are comparatively common in acute leukemia, but a translocation between the two genes has been reported only in a handful of cases. We report an additional case of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) preceded by a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with the translocation t(3;12)(q26;p13) in a 36‐year‐old woman. The translocation was present early in the disease and long before the MDS progressed to AML 3 years after diagnosis. At the time of progression to AML, an additional chromosomal abnormality, a monosomy 22, was discovered. The patient was treated with the protocol MAQ, which comprised mitoxantrone, aracytine, and quinine, as her blasts expressed the p‐glycoprotein, but she failed to obtain remission. A second treatment with the same protocol resulted in only minimal response. The patient was treated again with high‐dose Ara‐C and idarubicine in an attempt to achieve a response before allogeneic unrelated transplantation, but she did not respond to the treatment and died shortly thereafter. A review of the literature revealed 12 other cases of the t(3;12)(q26;p13) translocation. Characteristics of those cases are reviewed in this article. Am. J. Hematol. 72:135–137, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long term follow‐up after splenectomy performed for immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
Authors: Schwartz Joseph , Leber Melissa D. , Gillis Shmuel , Giunta Austin , Eldor Amiram , Bussel James B. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractSplenectomy is the only treatment of ITP known to have “curative” effects in a substantial fraction of patients. However, the true long‐term outcome is uncertain and controversial because published series have not adjusted for the duration of follow‐up. This IRB‐approved retrospective study included all patients with ITP who underwent splenectomy between 1988‐1993 at three major medical centers and required a minimum postoperative 5‐year follow‐up. Complete response (CR) was defined as all postsplenectomy platelet counts >150 × 109/L without treatment; partial response (PR) as platelet counts ≥50 × 109/L without treatment; and failure as platelet counts <50 × 109/L or receiving therapy after splenectomy. Seventy‐five patients identified with ITP underwent splenectomy from 1988 to 1993. Three patients died prior to 5‐year follow‐up, and 56 of the 72 patients (78%) were evaluable with follow‐up for five years or longer, median 7.5 years. The immediate postoperative complete remission rate was 77%; 57% of patients have remained in prolonged CR. Thirty‐seven patients (66%) have not required any therapy after splenectomy. Eight patients had platelet counts >150 × 109/L for 4–8.5 years before relapsing; no clear plateau was attained in the remission curve. There was no operative mortality. Ten patients (18%) reported minor postoperative bleeding episodes. No life‐threatening infections, significant heart disease, or pulmonary hypertension developed after splenectomy in the 434 patient‐years of follow‐up. This study helps to define the long‐term results of splenectomy for ITP. Am. J. Hematol. 72:94–98, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thrombophilic genotypes, natural anticoagulants, and plasma homocysteine in myeloproliferative disorders: Relationship with splanchnic vein thrombosis and arterial disease
Authors: Amitrano L. , Guardascione M.A. , Ames P.R.J. , Margaglione M. , Antinolfi I. , Iannaccone L. , Annunziata M. , Ferrara F. , Brancaccio V. , Balzano A. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe contribution of pro‐thrombotic factors towards the development of arterial disease (AD) and splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) was retrospectively evaluated in 79 patients (39M, 40F, mean age 55 ± 16 years) with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) (essential thrombocythemia [n = 26], primary proliferative polycythemia [n = 27], and idiopathic myelofibrosis [n = 26]). Of these, 18 had AD and 17 SVT, the remaining 44 were non‐thrombotic (NT). Plasma concentrations of natural anticoagulants, plasma homocysteine (HC), IgG anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL), and thrombophilic genotypes (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T, factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210→A) were determined. Isolated protein C deficiency was found in 23% of patients from the SVT group, in 5% from the AD group, in 6.8% from the NT group, and in 1% of historical controls (P = 0.0001). The prevalence of thrombophilic genotypes and that of the other natural anticoagulants did not differ across the groups. The proportion of patients with elevated plasma HC was 66% in the AD group, 27% in the non‐thrombotic group, 12% in the SVT group and 4.5% in the control group (P < 0.0001). Patients with AD had higher plasma HC (24.4 ± 23 μmol/L) than NT patients (12.3 ± 7.7 μmol/L), SVT patients (9 ± 4.9 μmol/L), and healthy controls (7.9 ± 3 μmol/L) (P < 0.0001). In a logistic regression model lower protein C was independently associated with SVT, whereas elevated plasma HC was independently associated with AD. Measurement of plasma HC and protein C in MPD may identify patients more likely to suffer arterial disease and splanchnic vein thrombosis and who may require plasma HC lowering in the former case. Am. J. Hematol. 72:75–81, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Severe chronic neutropenia: Treatment and follow‐up of patients in the Severe Chronic Neutropenia International Registry
Authors: Dale David C. , Cottle Tammy E. , Fier Carol J. , Bolyard Audrey Anna , Bonilla Mary Ann , Boxer Laurence A. , Cham Bonnie , Freedman Melvin H. , Kannourakis George , Kinsey Sally E. , Davis Robert , Scarlata Debra , Schwinzer Beate , Zeidler Cornelia , Welte Karl 
Published: January 2003

AbstractSevere chronic neutropenia (SCN) is defined as an absolute neutrophil (ANC) of less than 0.5 × 109/L, lasting for months or years. Congenital, cyclic, and idiopathic neutropenia are principal categories of SCN. Since 1994, the Severe Chronic Neutropenia International Registry (SCNIR) has collected data to monitor the clinical course, treatments, and disease outcomes for SCN patients. This report summarizes data for 853 patients, almost all treated with daily or alternate‐day recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF or Filgrastim). G‐CSF treatment increased the ANC overall from 0.34 × 109/L ± 0.018 pre‐treatment to 3.70 × 109/L ± 0.18 during the first year of treatment. For most patients, the responses were durable with patients remaining on the same dose of G‐CSF for many years. Long‐term hematological observations showed stable mean leukocyte and neutrophil counts and gradually increasing hemoglobin levels. Thrombocytopenia developed in 4% of patients. As of January 1, 2000, myelodysplasia (MDS) or acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) has occurred in 35 of 387 patients with congenital neutropenia with a cumulative risk of 13% after 8 years of G‐CSF treatment. This event occurred without a predictable relationship to the duration or dose of G‐CSF treatment. No patients with cyclic or idiopathic neutropenia developed MDS or AML. Other important adverse events included hepatomegaly, osteoporosis, vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, and deaths in 4 of 14 cases requiring splenectomy. Growth and development and the outcome of pregnancy appeared to be unaffected by G‐CSF treatment. These data indicate that congenital, cyclic, and idiopathic neutropenia can be effectively treated with long‐term G‐CSF. The risk of leukemia, osteoporosis, other potentially adverse events, and pregnancy outcome need to be further evaluated with continuing long‐term observations. Am. J. Hematol. 72:82–93, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Concordant fetal hemoglobin response to hydroxyurea in siblings with sickle cell disease
Authors: Steinberg Martin H. , Voskaridou Ersi , Kutlar Abdullah , Loukopoulos Dimitris , Koshy Mabel , Ballas Samir K. , Castro Oswaldo , Barton Franca 
Published: January 2003

AbstractFetal hemoglobin (HbF) level and the HbF responses to hydroxyurea (HU) vary among patients with sickle cell disease and are, at least in part, genetically regulated. We hypothesized that siblings with sickle cell disease are likely to share the same parental β‐like globin gene clusters with their cis‐acting regulatory sequences and therefore, if regulation of this response is linked to the β‐globin gene cluster, might have concordant HbF responses to HU. Accordingly, we studied 26 families (30 sib pairings), 20 with sickle cell anemia (three families had three siblings) and 6 families with HbS‐β‐thalassemia (one family had three siblings, and one family consisted of monozygotic twins), to see if siblings with sickle cell disease had discordant or concordant changes in HbF during HU treatment. Intraclass correlation coefficients (r) showed a high, positive correlation between sibs for HbF levels before and during HU treatment and a concordant change in HbF response from baseline to treatment‐associated levels. Changes in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) paralleled HbF levels, while the expected correlations between treatment‐associated fall in leukocyte count and increase in MCV were also present. Our results provide additional evidence that some elements that regulate HbF expression are linked to the β‐globin gene cluster. Am. J. Hematol. 72:121–126, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monocytic leukemia with CALM/AF10 rearrangement showing mediastinal emphysema
Authors: Nakamura Fumihiko , Maki Kazuhiro , Arai Yukihiro , Nakamura Yuichi , Mitani Kinuko 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe t(10;11)(p12‐14;q14‐21) is a non‐random translocation that results in the fusion of CALM gene on chromosome 11 with AF10 gene on chromosome 10. This translocation is observed in acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and lymphoblastic lymphoma. Here we report a patient with t(10;11) who was diagnosed with AML‐M4. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay revealed one type of CALM/AF10 and three types of AF10/CALM fusion transcripts. Sequencing analysis for these RT‐PCR products determined the breakpoint in CALM at nucleotide (nt) 1926–1927 and in AF10 at nt 423–424. The latter breakpoint was the same as that identified in three monocytic cell lines carrying t(10;11). After achieving complete remission, the patient developed mediastinal emphysema during the course of consolidation therapy, possibly due to the necrosis of his mediastinal mass. Monocytic leukemias with CALM/AF10 fusion are frequently associated with mediastinal invasion. We need to pay special attention to such a complication, even if the chest X‐ray is normal at presentation. Am. J. Hematol. 72:138–142, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Successful engraftment and stable full donor chimerism after myeloablation with thiotepa, fludarabine, and melphalan and CD34‐selected peripheral allogeneic stem cell transplantation in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Cesaro Simone , Gazzola Maria Vittoria , Marson Piero , Calore Elisabetta , Caenazzo Luciana , Destro Roberta , De Silvestro Giustina , Varotto Stefania , Pillon Marta , Zanesco Luigi , Messina Chiara 
Published: January 2003

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) represents the only curative option for primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a rare disease of infants and young children, characterized by recurrent fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and cytopenia. We report a case of successful engraftment and stable full‐donor chimerism in a patient with HLH who underwent peripheral allogeneic CD34‐selected HSCT. The donor was his 1‐antigen‐HLA‐mismatched grandmother. After a conditioning regimen based on the combination of thiotepa, fludarabine, melphalan, and rabbit antilymphocyte serum, the patient received a megadose of 26.3 × 106/kg of CD34+ peripheral blood cells. Neutrophil (>0.5 × 109/L) and platelet (>50 × 109/L) engraftment was observed on days +16 and +12, respectively, and the patient was discharged home on day +24. No acute or chronic GVHD was observed. Infectious complications were the main causes of re‐hospitalization in the first year after transplantation, but no significant morbidity was observed thereafter. Thirty‐two months after HSCT, the patient is alive and well, still in complete clinical remission of his underlying disease with a durable engraftment, normal NK activity and full donor chimerism. This case suggests that a fludarabine‐based conditioning regimen and CD34‐selected peripheral allogeneic HSCT may be a feasible option in case of unavailability of a fully HLA‐matched related or unrelated donor. Am. J. Hematol. 72:143–146, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.