bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crowdsourcing image segmentation for deep learning: integrated platform for citizen science, paid microtask, and gamification
Authors: Spicher Nicolai , Wesemeyer Tim , Deserno Thomas M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Segmentation is crucial in medical imaging. Deep learning based on convolutional neural networks showed promising results. However, the absence of large-scale datasets and a high degree of inter- and intra-observer variations pose a bottleneck. Crowdsourcing might be an alternative, as many non-experts provide references. We aim to compare different types of crowdsourcing for medical image segmentation.

Methods
We develop a crowdsourcing platform that integrates citizen science (incentive: participating in the research), paid microtask (incentive: financial reward), and gamification (incentive: entertainment). For evaluation, we choose the use case of sclera segmentation in fundus images as a proof-of-concept and analyze the accuracy of crowdsourced masks and the generalization of learning models trained with crowdsourced masks.

Results
The developed platform is suited for the different types of crowdsourcing and offers an easy and intuitive way to implement crowdsourcing studies. Regarding the proof-of-concept study, citizen science, paid microtask, and gamification yield a median F-score of 82.2, 69.4, and 69.3 % compared to expert-labeled ground truth, respectively. Generating consensus masks improves the gamification masks (78.3 %). Despite the small training data (50 images), deep learning reaches median F-scores of 80.0, 73.5, and 76.5 % for citizen science, paid microtask, and gamification, respectively, indicating sufficient generalizability.

Conclusions
As the platform has proven useful, we aim to make it available as open-source software for other researchers.
Application of a diagnosis flow draft based on appearance impression for detection of vulvar disease
Authors: Zhou Qi , Chen Fang , Wang Yan , Qu Wenjie , Gong Yingxin , Cao Yuankui , Zhang Hongwei , Wang Qing , Chen Limei , Cong Qing , Lin Lin , Mo Jiayin , Bi Tianyi , Ding Jingxin , Sui Long , Li Yanyun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The aims of this retrospective study were to evaluate the clinical applicability of the latest International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD) and International Federation for Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy (IFCPC) terminology for vulvar diseases, and to explore a new evaluation flow to optimize decision-making on diagnosis.

Methods
A total of 1,068 patients with 5,340 qualified vulvar images were evaluated by observers using 2011 ISSVD and 2011 IFCPC terminology systems. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, Youden Index and Overall Diagnostic Value (ODV) were calculated for each finding in the two systems. Then the disease diagnosis order and a diagnosis flow draft (DFD) were obtained.

Results
A total of 15 kinds of vulvar diseases were diagnosed. The proportion of patients accompanied with cervical or vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia was highest (83.3 %) in vulvar Paget’s disease group (p<0.001). Total area of lesions was larger in vulvar Paget’s disease, lichen simplex chronicus and lichen sclerosus group (p<0.001). Among the top five findings of ODV, some findings inferred several (≥6) kinds of diseases, while some findings only exist in a certain disease. When the DFD was used, the agreement between the initial impression and histopathology diagnosis was 68.8 %, higher than those when ISSVD an IFCPC terminology systems used (p=0.028), and it didn’t change with the experience of the observer (p=0.178).

Conclusions
Based on the findings in ISSVD and IFCPC terminology systems, we explored a DFD for observers with different experience on the detection of vulvar disease.
Towards a Model for Sociocultural Transformation: Anthropocentric Approaches to Resilience, Collapse, and Resistance
Authors: Winter Matthew A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
When studying ancient societies, it is inevitable that eventually the theme of social collapse will arise. Archaeology has long been concerned with the theme of resilience, collapse, and resistance, triggered by either external factors such as conquest and natural disasters, or from internal factors such as environmental mismanagement, political or economic calamity, or sociocultural revolutions. Most approaches to the themes of resilience, collapse, and resistance have primarily relied on socioecological models that results in binarized explications of the archaeological record, framing evidence in competing terms of collapse and resilience: either societies endured collapse through a series of choices that resulted in either failure or success on the one hand or that societies overcame problems and exhibited resilience by adapting to new pressures or moving to new environments on the other hand. This paper seeks to explore concepts of resilience, collapse, and resistance through an anthropocentric rather than ecocentric perspective, touching on the theories used to construct the ideas of collapse, resilience, and resistance, with a particular focus on sociocultural aspects. Finally, this paper suggests a model which centers on the notion of sociocultural transformation, enculturation and hybridity placed into direct dialogue with resilience, collapse, and resistance.
Effect of polypropylene fiber and nano-silica on the compressive strength and frost resistance of recycled brick aggregate concrete
Authors: Gong Shangwei , Wang Ting , Hasan Md Mahmudul , Mei Xuefeng , Tan Zhenyu , Su Tian , Cao Fubo 
Published: December 2023

Abstracts
Wasted clay bricks as coarse aggregate of recycled concrete is an effective solution to save energy and reduce CO2 emissions in the construction industry. However, the mechanical properties and frost resistance of recycled brick aggregate (RBA) concrete are inferior to those of ordinary concrete, which limits its widespread application. In this research, the effects of RBA, polypropylene fiber (PPF) and nano-silica (NS) on the mechanical properties and frost resistance of concrete were investigated. The effect of RBA, PPF, and NS on the compressive strength was quantitatively analyzed, and microstructural analysis and fractal dimension calculation of the concrete were performed. The results show that the concrete compressive strength decreased with the increase in RBA replacement rate, and it was effectively improved by adding PPF and NS (PPF-NS). The compressive strength first increased and then decreased with the increase in PPF and NS. The improvement effect of 0.12% PPF and 2% NS on the compressive strength of 50% replacement rate of RBA concrete was most effective. The gray relational degrees between the compressive strength and RBA, PPF, and NS were 0.6578, 0.8297, and 0.5941, respectively. The frost resistance of PPF-NS modified concrete was better than that of ordinary concrete, mainly manifested in its superior apparent phenomena, mass loss, and strength loss. Compared with normal concrete, the microstructure was denser and the fractal dimension of the cross-section was higher for RBA concrete modified with PPF-NS before and after freeze–thaw cycles.
Typical Yet Unlikely and Normally Abnormal: The Intuition Behind High-Dimensional Statistics
Authors: Vowels Matthew J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Normality, in the colloquial sense, has historically been considered an aspirational trait, synonymous with ideality. The arithmetic average and, by extension, statistics including linear regression coefficients, have often been used to characterize normality, and are often used as a way to summarize samples and identify outliers. We provide intuition behind the behavior of such statistics in high dimensions, and demonstrate that even for datasets with a relatively low number of dimensions, data start to exhibit a number of peculiarities which become severe as the number of dimensions increases. Whilst our main goal is to familiarize researchers with these peculiarities, we also show that normality can be better characterized with ‘typicality’, an information theoretic concept relating to entropy. An application of typicality to both synthetic and real-world data concerning political values reveals that in multi-dimensional space, to be ‘normal’ is actually to be atypical. We briefly explore the ramifications for outlier detection, demonstrating how typicality, in contrast with the popular Mahalanobis distance, represents a viable method for outlier detection.
MURABAHADA HUKUKİ İLİŞKİLER
Authors: ÇİFTÇİ Tuğba 
Published: December 2023

Katılım bankalarının, İslami kurallar çerçevesinde müşterilerine sağladığı ürünlerinden biri murabahadır. Murabaha, bir malın maliyetinin müşteriye bildirilmesi suretiyle maliyetin üzerine kâr eklenerek peşin ya da vadeli olarak satılmasıdır. Murabaha işleminde, faiz söz konusu olmaksızın, satış sözleşmelerine kredi fonksiyonu kazandırılarak müşterinin finansı sağlanmaktadır. Murabaha işlemi üç taraflıdır. Bunlardan ilki murabaha işlemi ile müşterisine finansmanı sağlayacak kredi kuruluşu olan katılım bankası, ikincisi katılım bankasının müşterisi, üçüncüsü ise talep edilen malın satın alınacağı satıcıdır.
Murabaha işlemi süreci içerisinde bazı sözleşmeler söz konusudur. Bunlar; kredi sözleşmesi, satış vaadi sözleşmesi, satış sözleşmeleri, duruma göre vekâlet sözleşmesi, ikale sözleşmesi ve sigorta sözleşmesidir. Süreç müşterinin katılım bankasından finansman talebinde bulunması ile başlamaktadır. Çalışmada bu hukuki süreç içerisindeki hukuki ilişkiler ele alınacaktır.
MODELING THE ACTIVITY OF A TRANSPORT AND FORWARDING ENTERPRISE WHEN PERFORMING INTERNATIONAL ROAD TRANSPORTATION
Authors: LEBID IE. , LEBID І. , LUZHANSKA N. 
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the paper is to improve the activities of a transport and forwarding enterprise in the delivery of goods by road transport in international traffic. The process of interaction between freight forwarders and service customers, taking into account their individual characteristics as business entities and service requirements was researched. The proposed development will allow managers of transport and forwarding enterprises to plan workforce provision, considering the duration of service for different customer categories. Methods. The determination of the duration and reliability of transport and forwarding services to customers in organizing international transportation was carried out based on a simulation model developed in the GPSS software environment. Results. The performance indicators of transport and forwarding enterprises depend on the efficiency of work organization by specialists within the enterprise, their interaction with customers, and involved intermediary organizations. The staff size of freight forwarders should be planned by the enterprise management, taking into account the flow of orders for service. Considering the main stages of transport and forwarding service to customers and the duration of their execution, the developed simulation model allows determining the following indicators: average service time, average queue waiting time, average queue length, the share of orders serviced without waiting in line, probability of service refusal, service reliability, load coefficient of freight forwarders, average number of occupied freight forwarders, enterprise throughput, and the number of freight forwarders needed for staffing the enterprise. Scientific novelty. The developed simulation model of a transport and forwarding enterprise's operation allows planning the work of a business entity based on the implementation of organizational and managerial measures to increase its competitiveness. Unlike the existing ones, the proposed model allows to study the structure of the flow of orders and the range of cargoes that arrive for service, which will ensure the possibility of planning the staffing of forwarders; to distribute the functional responsibilities of forwarders and forecast the duration of certain types of work. Practical significance. The practical significance of the paper lies in the fact that the proposed model allows evaluating the performance indicators of a transport and forwarding enterprise in organizing the export and import of goods for various customer categories. Based on the simulation results, the enterprise owner will be able to form workforce provision based on customer needs for service duration and reliability. In addition, a systematic approach to the organization of business processes will ensure significant competitive advantages of the enterprise in the market of transport and forwarding services.
Diagnóstico ambiental no Córrego Vale do Sol em Presidente Prudente (São Paulo/Brasil)
Authors: Jesus Laura Rubim Do Monte , Costa Giuliana Maria , Ziliotto Beatriz Garcia , Romero Danielli Cristina Granado 
Published: December 2023

O crescimento urbano desordenado, a demanda crescente, assim como a contaminação e o desperdício de água, afetam a disponibilidade e qualidade dos recursos hídricos e, representam preocupações primordiais para a sustentabilidade do abastecimento público. Diante desse cenário crítico, a realização de estudos que permitam avaliar as condições dos ecossistemas aquáticos, que possam contribuir para a conservação da água são fundamentais. Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar e adaptar um protocolo de avaliação rápida para o diagnóstico das condições ambientais do córrego Vale do Sol, pertencente à Bacia do Córrego do Veado, que fica na área urbana, em Presidente Prudente. O protocolo adaptado foi aplicado em três trechos pré-selecionados. Além disso, foram realizadas análises de temperatura, pH, condutividade elétrica, oxigênio dissolvido e turbidez da água para complementar o diagnóstico. Os resultados indicaram uma distinção, em relação a qualidade ambiental entre os trechos, de acordo com as análises, incluindo duas áreas, onde foram evidenciadas maior interferência antrópica e uma mais conservada. O protocolo de avaliação rápida adaptado foi considerado uma ferramenta viável e eficiente para o diagnóstico do Córrego Vale do Sol para avaliação das condições físicas e relacionadas à diversidade de habitats dos trechos estudados.
Educação em Saúde Ambiental, Física e Emocional: formação de guias da natureza e a implementação de projetos nas escolas de São Manuel-SP
Authors: Rumenos Nijima Novello , Spazziani Maria de Lourdes , Nogueira Letícia Emanuele Machado Braga , Santos Mariana da Silva Guimarães , Oliveira Giovanna Gori de , Vidotto Ingrid 
Published: December 2023

Na sociedade contemporânea é notório o distanciamento entre os seres humanos e a natureza promovido pelos modelos dominantes de desenvolvimento econômico, sendo a exploração dos recursos naturais umas das facetas mais preocupantes nos tempos atuais. Uma das áreas que têm sido propostas para promover formas de reaproximação é a Educação Ambiental Sintrópica. Um dos princípios básicos da EAS, para enfrentar o estágio de degeneração dos ecossistemas planetários, é promover a reconexão mais profunda dos humanos com o ambiente natural, por meio de temas que envolvem a educação em saúde ambiental, física e emocional. Desta forma, a presente pesquisa buscou analisar a contribuição de um curso de formação de guias da natureza para a educação em saúde ambiental, física e emocional e para o desenvolvimento de projetos de intervenção nas escolas na cidade de São Manuel-SP. Foi realizada a análise de conteúdo de questionários aplicados pré e pós curso e de projetos de intervenção desenvolvidos pelos alunos. As categorias que emergiram foram: 1) Saúde Física; 2) Saúde Emocional; 3) Reconexão do ser humano com a natureza; 4) Cognição e 5) Protagonismo e pensamento crítico. Os resultados mostram que o contato com a natureza teve impactos positivos na saúde física e emocional dos participantes, inclusive melhorando a relação deles com a natureza. Também foram colocados em prática os projetos de intervenção nas escolas, em que foram aplicados o conhecimento adquirido no curso para melhorar os espaços verdes destas instituições, contribuindo para a qualidade de vida e a saúde ambiental e emocional.
Effect of sex and mode of delivery on systemic inflammatory indices in preterm infants
Authors: TAYMAN Cüneyt , ÇAKIR Ufuk 
Published: December 2023

Purpose: Information on systemic inflammatory indices in the field of neonatology is limited. How sex and mode of delivery affects systemic inflammatory indices is unknown. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of mode of delivery and sex on systemic inflammatory indices in preterm infants.
Materials and Methods: Preterm infants
Portland Cement Paste Microstructure Characterization using Autogenous Shrinkage and Heat of Hydration
Authors: Mbogo Teresa Ng'endo 
Published: December 2023

The core objective of this study was to characterize the microstructure of Ordinary Portland Cement paste using autogenous shrinkage and heat of hydration parameters. The relevance of the research was the need to advance the knowledge on understanding the underlying mechanism of autogenous shrinkage and heat of hydration parameters and their influence on the evolution of cement paste microstructure. The advanced awareness will to enable Engineers to develop performance-based specifications of water to cement ratio in concrete and cement paste in future to achieve durable and high quality mixes.
The research was limited to cement paste and concrete mixes of water/cement (w/c) ratios of 0.35 and 0.45. The study used type K temperature probes, Extech differential temperature data logger, strain gauges, Madge Tech bridge/strain data logger and stereo microscopes.
The research findings were that samples with lower w/c ratios recorded higher autogenous shrinkage, bigger pores and increased risk of developing cracks than the rest of the samples. Curing in saturated conditions ensures replacement and availability of more water for hydration of Ordinary Portland Cement paste leading to reduced autogenous shrinkage. Availability of water for curing reduces the temperature due to cooling aided by the presence of water. Further research is required to relate the development of pore structure with autogenous shrinkage.
Ramanujan’s Famous Partition Congruences
Authors: Hossain Md. Fazlee , Bhattacharjee Nil Ratan , Das Sabuj 
Published: December 2023

In 1742, Firstly Leonhard Euler invented the generating function for , where is the number of partitions of n [ is defined to be 1]. Srinivasa Ramanujan was born on 22 December 1887. In 1916, S. Ramanujan invented the generating function for (2nd time). Godfrey Harold Hardy said Srinivasa Ramanujan was the first, and up to now the only, Mathematician to discover any such properties of . MacMahon established a table of for the first 200 values of n, and Ramanujan observed that the table indicated certain simple congruences properties of . In 1916, S. Ramanujan quoted his famous partition congrucnecs. In particular, the numbers of the partitions of numbers 5m+ 4, 7m+5, and 11m +6 are divisible by 5, 7, and 11 respectively. Now this paper shows how to prove the Ramanujan’s famous partitions congruences modulo 5, 7, and 11 respectively.
Evaluation of Hematological Parameters in Differentiating Central and Peripheral Vertigo in Patients with Vertigo
Authors: TANRIVERDİ Orhan , ÇAKIR Zeynep 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Central and peripheral causes play a role in the etiology of patients who apply to the emergency department with the complaint of vertigo. In our study, in the differential diagnosis of patients with central and peripheral vertigo, the usability of hematological parameters (white blood cell (WBC), leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocytes, basophil, eosinophil and platelet counts, red cell distribution width (RDW), platelet distribution width (PDW)) and platelet/lymphocyte (PLR), neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR) ratios was investigated. This is a retrospective study including 215 patients, 179 (83.3%)with peripheral vertigo and 36 (16.7%) with central vertigo. Patients who were discharged from the emergency department with the complaint of vertigo or were admitted to the otolaryngology clinic were considered as peripheral vertigo, and patients who had findings on central imaging or were hospitalized in neurology/neurosurgery clinics were considered as central vertigo. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of age and gender of patients with peripheral and central vertigo (p0.05). We found that the values we looked at were not useful in the differential diagnosis.

Öz
Acil servise vertigo şikayetiyle başvuran hastaların etiyolojisinde santral ve periferik sebepler rol oynamaktadır. Çalışmamızda santral ve periferik vertigolu hastaların ayırıcı tanısında hematolojik parametrelerin(beyaz küre, lökosit, nötrofil, lenfosit, monosit, bazofil, eozinofil ve trombosit sayıları, kırmızı küre dağılım genişliği (RDW), platelet dağılım genişliği (PDW)), ve platelet/lenfosit, nötrofil/lenfosit oranlarının kullanılabilirliği araştırıldı. Bu çalışma 179’u (%83.3) periferik vertigo, 36’sı (%16.7) santal vertigo olan toplam 215 hastanın dahil edildiği retrospektif bir çalışmadır. Acil servise vertigo şikayetiyle başvurup taburcu edilen ya da kulak burun boğaz kliniğine yatırılan hastalar periferik vertigo olarak, santral görüntülemelerde bulgusu olan ya da nöroloji/nöroşirurji kliniklerine yatırılan hastalar santral vertigo olarak kabul edildi. Periferik ve santral vertigolu hastaların yaş ve cinsiyet durumları bakımından gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptandı(p0.05). Baktığımız değerlerin ayırıcı tanıda faydalı olmadığını saptadık.
Effect of Drought Acclimation on Drought Stress Resistance in Okra Seedlings
Authors: TORUN Ümit , YILDIRIM Ertan , EKİNCİ Melek 
Published: December 2023

Öz
Bu çalışmada bamyada (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) fide döneminde kuraklık aklimasyonunun etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, aklimasyon yapılmamış ve stressiz (NA), aklimasyon yapılmış ve stressiz (DA), aklimasyon yapılmamış ve kuraklık stresli (NAS), aklimasyon yapılmış ve kuraklık stresli (DAS) olmak üzere dört farklı sulama uygulaması yapılmıştır. Uygulamaların bamya fidelerinin bitki boyu, gövde çapı, bitki taze ağırlığı, bitki kuru ağırlığı, kök taze ağırlığı, kök kuru ağırlığı, yaprak alanı, yaprak bağıl su içeriği (LRWC), klorofil değeri (SPAD), klorofil içeriği (a, b ve toplam klorofil), hidrojen peroksit (H2O2) içeriği, malondialdehit (MDA) içeriği ve antioksidan enzim aktivitesi (CAT, POD ve SOD) gibi parametreler üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Kuraklık stresi (NAS), bitki büyüme parametreleri üzerinde olumsuz bir etkiye sahipken, DAS'ın neden olduğu hasar daha düşük olmuştur. Ayrıca bitki boyu, gövde çapı, bitki taze ağırlığı, bitki kuru ağırlığı, kök taze ağırlığı, kök kuru ağırlığı, yaprak alanı, LRWC, SPAD ve klorofil içeriği DA ile en yüksek düzeyde olmuştur. Kuraklık stresi (NAS) ile H2O2, MDA ve antioksidan enzim aktivitesinde artış olmuş, DAS ile bu parametrelerdeki artış NAS uygulamasına göre daha düşük olmuştur. Çalışmada bamyada fide döneminde uygulanan kuraklık aklimasyonunun, normal koşullarda bitki büyümesine olumlu etkisinin yanı sıra kuraklık stresine karşı toleransı artırabileceği belirlenmiştir.
V International Conference “Artificial Societies and Information Technologies” and round table “Supercomputer Technologies and Artificial Societies”
Authors: Konkova Tatiana 
Published: December 2023

On September 25, 2023, V International Conference &quot;Artificial Societies and Information Technologies&quot; was held on the basis of the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. And on September 26 a round-table discussion &quot;Supercomputer Technologies and Artificial Societies&quot; was held