bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ramsey’s Legacy
Authors: Lillehammer Hallvard , Mellor D H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Cambridge philosopher Frank Ramsey (1903-1930) died tragically young, but had already established himself as one of the most brilliant minds of the twentieth century. Besides groundbreaking work in philosophy, particularly in logic, language, and metaphysics, he created modern decision theory and made substantial contributions to mathematics and economics. In these original essays, written to commemorate the centenary of Ramsey's birth, a distinguished international team of contributors offer fresh perspectives on his work and show how relevant it is to present-day concerns. Each of the ten essays addresses fundamental and contentious issues, including success semantics, propositions, infinity, conditionals, conceptual analysis, decision theory, and intergenerational justice. They also shed light on the intellectual context in which Ramsey developed his thought, including his relationship with such leading thinkers as John Maynard Keynes, Bertrand Russell, and Ludwig Wittgenstein. The volume will be indispensable reading for anyone interested in the recent history of philosophy and economics, as well as for practitioners and students of logic, metaphysics, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of science, philosophy of mind, decision theory, and welfare economics.
Spinoza’s Axiology
Authors: Miller Jon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After experience had taught me that all the things which regularly occur in ordinary life are empty and futile, and I saw that all the things which were the cause or object of my fear had nothing of good or bad in themselves, except insofar as [my] mind was moved by them, I resolved at last to try to find out whether there was anything which would be the true good, capable of communicating itself, and which alone would affect the mind, all others being rejected—whether there was something which, once found and acquired, would continuously give me the greatest joy, to eternity.
Heraclitus And Material Flux In Stoic Psychology
Authors: Colvin Matthew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among the ancient Stoics, Cleanthes is pre-eminent for his use of Heraclitus. There is evidence that this tendency informed his analytic writings no less than his poetic Hymn to Zeus. One prime example, from Arius Didymus, is a famous source for Heraclitus’ river-saying, but has not been well understood in its own right:
Fine’S Plato: A Discussion Of Gail Fine, Plato On Knowledge And Forms
Authors: Vaneck Job 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Readers who are acquainted with work by Gail Fine, especially her monumental On Ideas,2 will eagerly welcome this volume, a collection of some fifteen articles she has published over the past twenty-five years. Preceded by a comprehensive introductory overview that binds them together, they offer a coherent and re markable picture of Plato’s epistemology and metaphysics, by a scholar who does not need an introduction here as one of the prominent authors in the field. The result is a book that is extremely rich in content: it deals with a wide range of subjects, offers many fresh interpretations, but, above all, it contains a wealth of arguments which find their origin in a broad systematic-philosophic approach manifesting great philosophical skill.
The Dematerialization of the Object
Authors: Matravers Derek 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In general, interest in conceptual art among Anglo-American philosophers springs from the challenge it poses to some claims that seem to lie at or near the centre of the traditional concept of art. A rough characterization of such claims might go as follows. Works of art are (1) objects, (2) which we appreciate through direct experiential encounter and (3) such an experiential encounter is non-instrumentally valuable. The challenge was, famously, articulated by Lucy Lippard and John Chandler who, in 1968, wrote:
Sartre, Wittgenstein, and Learning from Imagination
Authors: Stock Kathleen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A well-documented aim of conceptual art is the undermining of the traditional idea of an artwork as a single physically present object. A common method of achieving this is to present to the viewer a prompt designed to make her think of some absent thing. This may take the form of a written description, a title, a map or set of instructions; the absent entity may be a situation, an event, a process, or an object. To take some examples: Laurence Weiner’s Statements, consisting of descriptions of objects or processes, such as ‘One quart exterior green enamel thrown on a brick wall’.
Abductive Knowledge and Holmesian Inference
Authors: Bird Alexander 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The usual, comparative, conception of Inference to the Best Explanation (IBE) takes it to be ampliative. In this paper I propose a conception of IBE (‘Holmesian inference’) that takes it to be a species of eliminative induction and hence not ampliative. This avoids several problems for comparative IBE (e.g. how could it be reliable enough to generate knowledge?). My account of Holmesian inference raises the suspicion that it could never be applied, on the grounds that scientific hypotheses are inevitably underdetermined by the evidence (i.e. are inevitably ampliative). I argue that this concern may be resisted by acknowledging, as Timothy Williamson has shown, that all knowledge is evidence. This suggests an approach to resisting scepticism different from those (e.g. the reliabilist approach) that embrace fallibilism.
Contrastive Knowledge
Authors: Schaffer Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Does G. E. Moore know that he has hands? Yes, says the dogmatist: Moore’s hands are right before his eyes. No, says the skeptic: for all Moore knows he could be a brain-in-a-vat. Yes and no,says the con- trastivist: yes, Moore knows that he has hands rather than stumps; but no, Moore does not know that he has hands rather than vat-images of hands.
The Will to Power and the Ethics of Creativity
Authors: Reginster Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Few of Nietzsche’s ideas have been more maligned than his concept of the will to power. Among the various objections it has invited, the deepest and most enduring remains rooted in a tempting interpretation of power in terms of control or domination: to will power is to seek to control or dominate. The implications of this interpretation (for example, that Hitler’s Nazism is a paradigmatic embodiment of the will to power) have proved deeply embarrassing to scholars otherwise favorably disposed toward Nietzsche’s ideas.²
English and Continental Sources
Authors: Ravelhofer Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Choreographic sources produced before 1700 rarely included floor patterns or iconographic dance notation. Dances were described verbally, in a linear stepby-step, beat-after-beat manner. Steps were represented as text, either in shorthand as a sequence of letters (for instance, r, b, and s stood for révérence, branle , and simple in fifteenth-century Burgundian basses danses ), or as a full prose account (in the way Ramsey wrote down his ‘Spanioletta’). Some preliminary experiments aside, an iconic standard to indicate steps, arm movements, and spatial directions appeared in France towards the end of the seventeenth century.
Costume Conventions for Male and Female Masquers
Authors: Ravelhofer Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In her survey of early modern costume, Anne Hollander distinguishes between ‘theatrical’ and ‘dramatic’ outfit: the former expands the performer’s own self, the latter transforms the performer into a character other than himself. Antimasque costumes were ‘dramatic’ devices: they came in a multiplicity of styles and shapes, representing exotic nationalities, animals, abstract concepts, and even objects such as bottles. Since they did not express a person’s ‘self ‘ they were open to professional dancers and actors, and, towards the Caroline period, even high-ranking aristocrats.
Historical Costume, Historical Dancing: Coelum Britannicum
Authors: Ravelhofer Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While the Thirty Years War raged on the Continent, Thomas Carew’s court masque Coelum Britannicum (1634) extolled domestic peace under Charles I and Henrietta Maria. The enmities with France and Spain had ended; between 1629 and 1635, England experienced a period of prosperity. Within the smaller circle of the court, Charles took the opportunity to establish a rigid protocol and initiate household reforms. An expression of ‘Pax Carolana’ and in line with Charles’s crusade against loose manners and sloppy administration, Carew’s masque expressed a specifically Caroline revival of courtly values based on historical example.
Sympathy, Commitment, and Preference
Authors: Hausman Daniel M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The recent opportunity to reread Amartya Sen’s many writings on preference and choice as a unit increased my appreciation of their depth and intricacy and of the wit and humanity of their author. It also made me realize that I had persistently misread them, mistakenly substituting my own notion of “preference” for Sen’s. While still very much in Sen’s camp in rejecting revealed preference theory and emphasizing the complexity, incompleteness, and context dependence of preference and the intellectual costs of supposing that all the factors influencing choice can be captured by a single notion of preference, I shall contest his view that economists should recognize multiple notions of preference.
Rationality and Commitment in Voluntary Cooperation: Insights from Experimental Economics
Authors: Gächter Simon , Thoöni Christian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cooperation problems arise when individual incentives and social optimality diverge. This tension has intrigued social scientists and philosophers for decades. In this chapter we look at the cooperation problem from the viewpoint of experimental economics, a subfield of economics which studies decision-making under controlled laboratory conditions and under real monetary incentives. Years of careful experimentation have led to a body of results, which may shed new light on old philosophical questions, and on the foundations of the behavioural sciences.
Shame, Pleasure, and The Divided Soul
Authors: Moss Jessica 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thumos—spirit, the middle part of the soul in Plato’s Republic— has a bad reputation. In one of the most sustained attacks on its integrity, Terry Penner writes:Plato’s true view [in the Republic] is … that there are only two parts of the soul, a rational part and an irrational part, and he allows himself thumos (spirit) for irrelevant political or moral reasons only … Plato had no logical or psychological arguments for going beyond two parts of the soul.
Aristotle On Why Plants Cannot Perceive
Authors: Murphy Damian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper pertains to the debate between literalists and spiritualists concerning Aristotle’s theory of perception. I investigate why Aristotle thought that plants cannot perceive. Aristotle says that it is because they do not have a mean and cannot receive forms without matter (DA 424a32–b3). A crucial question is whether ‘to receive forms without matter’ means ‘to receive the forms of the sensible object without receiving matter from the sensible object’ (literalism) or ‘to receive the forms of the sensible object without being affected materially’ (spiritualism). As an explanation of why
A Posteriori Identities and the Requirements of Rationality
Authors: White Stephen L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Imagine that a medical team and submarine have been miniaturized and injected into the brain of a conscious subject to correct an otherwise irreparable condition. As leader of the team carrying out this procedure, your greatest fear is that the subject, who is unaware of his situation, will take aspirin in response to the extensive c-fiber firing that you are apprehensively watching develop. For, as you know, in the subject’s compromised condition, aspirin would cause nerve impulses and thus electrical activity in the brain that would completely destroy normal cognition. What you don’t know is that the brain you are trying to repair is your own—that the nerve impulses from your body (minus the brain) produce the inputs (via a wireless connection) to the very brain whose activities you are witnessing.
God and the Problem of Universals
Authors: Leftow Brian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We sort things into classes we find natural: we call some animals cats, some dogs, etc. In so doing we attribute being cats, dogs, etc. to them. Theories of attributes are answers to the question, ‘‘what exactly makes it correct to attribute to something (say) being a cat?’’ Some philosophers, realists, think that what makes it correct is that this animal has a real constituent, cathood, in common with all other cats: there is a single entity, a universal, cathood, in which (so to speak) all cats overlap. Other philosophers, nominalists, deny that there is such a thing as cathood. Recent theories of attributes typically do not assume that God exists. There are at least two reasons for this: most philosophers do not think it likely that God exists, and even more do not see how the existence of God could ever bear on the theory of attributes. It was not always thus. In the debate’s medieval heyday, the players were all theists. Many saw God’s existence as intensely relevant to this issue. Aquinas, for instance, rejects Platonist theories of universals because ‘‘it seems contrary to the faith to hold, as the Platonists did, that the Forms of things exist in themselves’’.
Health of the People: The Highest Law?1
Authors: Gostin Lawrence O , Stone Lesley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From my perspective, as a White House official watching the budgetary process, and subsequently as head first of a health care financing agency and then of a public health agency, I was continually amazed to watch as billions of dollars were allocated to financing medical care with little discussion, whereas endless arguments ensued over a few millions for community prevention programs. The sums that were the basis for prolonged, and often futile, budget fights in public health were treated as rounding errors in the Medicare budget. Law and ethics in population health are having a renaissance (Gostin 2000a; Reynolds 2003).
Population-Level Bioethics: Mapping a New Agenda
Authors: Wikler Daniel , Brock Dan W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bioethics was long focused on ethical issues arising in the relationships and interactions of individual patients and their physicians, as well as individual investigators and their research subjects. Ethical issues arising at the population level are no less acute, but are much less visible to lay people, to health professionals, and to many bioethicists. The issues come into focus only when one adopts a bird’s eye view that looks at populations. From this perspective, new issues become visible, and their close kinship to long-debated ethical questions in other fields such as population policy, environmental health, and political philosophy becomes apparent.
Reasonable Limits to Public Health Demands1
Authors: Hoven Mariëtte Vanden 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With an increasing frequency, individuals in Western countries are con- fronted with preventive programmes. These activities vary from offers of general screening and immunisation programmes to specific lifestyle and nutritional recommendations; for example, you can be tested for cholesterol while shopping in the supermarket, buy step-o-meters to measure your physical activity, or you can obtain preconception information about possible genetic risks when deciding to have children. In the jungle of public health we often simply assume that each individual will benefit from all these recommendations and offers. However, this is not true.
What is a puma?
Authors: Hansell Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A panther is on the loose in the west of Scotland. Sightings suggest it is moving towards Glasgow. There is no photo, no DNA extracted from a hair found on a garden fence, but it is out there. There are others down in England. In the 1960s the puma, not the panther, was the wild beast of the moment and in the summer of 1965 a bunch of Oxford zoology postgraduates and their friends set off on weekend safari in search of conclusive evidence of the ‘Surrey puma’. Among the group were Richard Dawkins and myself. The best evidence we came up with was some large scratch marks. A puma or, more likely, the foot flourish of a large dog satisfied after just relieving itself?
The Nest’s Tale: Affectionate Disagreements With Richard Dawkins
Authors: Bateson Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Richard and I are sometimes presented as being highly critical of each other. Those who hope for bloody gladiatorial contests are disappointed when they discover that the circles of our interests and beliefs overlap much more extensively than they had believed. Obviously we disagree about some matters, as I shall describe later. Nevertheless, the disagreements are generally teasing and affectionate, since we are old friends, and have not taken on the character of those bitter wrangles that can disfigure the face of academic life. For my part, I have much to be grateful to Richard for what he has done. Like numerous other academics working in university biology departments
Expressivism, Yes! Relativism, No!
Authors: Horgan Terry , Timmons Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Expressivism in ethics is a metaethical view according to which (roughly) a typical moral judgment functions to express some psychological state other than a descriptive belief, such as some desire, intention, or other motivating state with regard to some object of evaluation. This metaethical view is, of course, a close cousin (if not identical to) what used to be called ‘noncognitivism’, and noncognitivists like C. L. Stevenson (as our epigraph indicates) were opposed to moral relativism. Contemporary expressivists like Simon Blackburn (1996, 1998) follow Stevenson in being opposed to relativism. Our own evolving metaethical view is a version of what we call cognitivist expressivism, and we, too, are opposed to moral relativism. (see Horgan and Timmons, 2006).
However, some contemporary critics of expressivist views, including Paul Bloomfield (2003) and Russ Shafer-Landau (2003), have followed Philipp
Foot in claiming that expressivists are committed to some form or another of moral relativism despite what such expressivists say. And we suppose Bloomfield and Shafer-Landau would say the same thing about Stevenson’s version of noncognitivism. This is peculiar, given the careful attention that Stevenson, Blackburn, and we ourselves have devoted to explaining why expressivist and related views are not committed to moral relativism.
Anthropocentric Constraints on Human Value
Authors: D’Arms Justin , Jacobson Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
According to Cicero, ‘all emotions spring from the roots of error: they should not be pruned or clipped here and there, but yanked out’ (Cicero, 2002: 60). The Stoic enthusiasm for the extirpation of emotion is radical in two respects, both of which can be expressed with the claim that emotional responses are never appropriate. First, the Stoics held that emotions are incompatible with virtue, since the virtuous man will retain his equanimity whatever his fate. Grief is always vicious, both bad and bad for you, even when directed at events commonly considered tragic, such as the loss of one’s child. Second, they buttressed this view with an account of the nature of emotion and its relation to value. Emotions are evaluative judgments that are systematically false, because they attribute significant value or disvalue to external things and events beyond an agent’s control— such as wealth, honor, pain, and death— which are merely ‘indifferents’: neither good nor bad.
Knowing Enough to Disagree: A New Response to the Moral Twin Earth Argument
Authors: Roojen Mark van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At the beginning of the twentieth century, G. E. Moore’s open question argument convinced many philosophers that moral statements were not equivalent to statements made using non-moral or descriptive terms. For any non-moral description of an action or object it seemed that competent speakers could without confusion doubt that the action or object was appropriately characterized using moral terms such as ‘good’ or ‘right’. The question of whether the action or object so described was good or right was always open, even to competent speakers. In the absence of any systematic theory to explain the possibility of synthetic as opposed to analytic identities, many were convinced this demonstrated that moral properties could not be identified with any natural (or supernatural) properties. Thus Moore and others concluded that moral properties such as goodness were irreducible sui generis properties, not identical to natural
properties (Moore, 1903: 15). Noncognitivists used the same argument to support the idea that moral judgments have an expressive function rather than a representational function. Their explanation for the failure of competent speakers to recognize the equivalence of moral predicates with other predicates was that these terms, unlike other predicates, did not serve to represent properties at all (Ogden and Richards, 1923: 125).
Negation for Expressivists: A Collection of Problems with a Suggestion for their Solution
Authors: Dreier James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Crucial to the solution of various problems for expressivism is the development of a coherent semantics for negation. Nicholas Unwin (2001) explained why Allan Gibbard’s program in Wise Choices, Apt Feelings was not up to the task. Briefly, the problem is that there are three ways to ‘negate’ a sentence like
(M) Miss Manners thinks one must write thank you notes by hand. The three are:
(N1) Miss Manners believes one must not write thank you notes by hand.
(N2) Miss Manners believes it is not so that one must write thank you notes by hand.
(N3) Miss Manners does not believe one must write thank you notes by hand.
But the resources available in Gibbard’s scheme seem to allow the construction of only two, most plausibly (N1) and (N3), with no way to interpret (N2). From a logical point of view, we can think of requirement and permission as operators on sentences (or on infinitives or participles).