bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Early Assessment of the General Assembly’s 2022 Veto Initiative
Authors: Barber Rebecca 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In April 2022 the UN General Assembly passed Resolution 76/262, agreeing that every time a veto was cast in the Security Council, the Assembly would meet and consider the matter on which that veto was cast. Since then, Resolution 76/262 has provided the platform for four General Assembly special sessions. Drawing on those sessions, this article assesses the success of Resolution 76/262 according to the two objectives articulated by states at the time of its introduction: increasing the accountability of the Council; and prompting the Assembly to itself take action when the Council fails. In assessing the success of the veto initiative against this second criterion, this article also considers the difference between the special sessions convened pursuant to the Assembly’s Uniting for Peace Resolution, and those convened pursuant to Resolution 76/262. It finds that the latter are not yet being utilized to their full potential.
China and the ITU
Authors: Negro Gianluigi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article maps the evolution of the Chinese activities within the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), with a focus on the Chinese standard-setting experience. It analyzes three different moments of the ITU-China standard-setting history: Audio Video Coding Standards (AVS) from 2002 to 2007; TD-SCDMA and TD-LTE standards from 1998 to 2013; and 5G standards from 2012 to 2013. The study contributes to the literature, first, by demonstrating that China-ITU relations have been useful to China to support the shift from norm taker to norm maker into the standard-setting process through techno-nationalism in the case of AVS, techno-globalism in the case of TD-SCDMA and TD-LTE, and neo-techno-globalism in the case of 5G. Second, it highlights how China benefited from its ITU presence to improve its abilities in lobbying for promoting new standards globally. Third, it highlights the ITU’s role as actor, arena, and antenna in the field of techno-diplomacy and standards’ definition.
The Private Sector and the 2030 Agenda
Authors: Pérez-Pineda Jorge Antonio 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In 2019, the Second High-Level UN Conference on South-South Cooperation was held, revitalizing South-South and triangular cooperation. It was intended to incorporate the principal advances in the international agenda on the effectiveness of aid, financing, and the 2030 Agenda, which is the framework of this article. From an analytical perspective, the aim is to identify the main challenges posed by the conference for the private sector in its connection with South-South and triangular cooperation in relation to the Sustainable Development Goals, which require multistakeholder approaches in a postpandemic context of international crisis. Three levels of challenges are identified: programmatic, operational, and general.
Serravallo Bark and Iron Wine Tonic, 1890 to 1930s
Authors: Zanier Claudio 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
At the end of 19th century, Trieste, then the main city port of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, produced and exported alcoholic beverages all over the world, including to Islamic countries where alcohol consumption was forbidden. For the latter, beverages were disguised as “medicines”. The Serravallo pharmaceutical plant of Trieste took the lead, sending their medical liquors everywhere, up to the late 1930s. The present essay examines the network of distributors in the Levant and Asia, as well as the astonishingly vast set of supporting advertising instruments, precisely prepared in local languages.
Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior of Q370qE Bridge Steel
Authors: Liu Caiyi , Liang Shicheng , Peng Yan , Sun Jianliang , Mapelli Carlo , Barella Silvia , Gruttadauria Andrea , Belfi Marco , Rovatti Ludovica 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBridge steel has been widely used in recent years for its excellent performance. Understanding the high-temperature Dynamic Recrystallization (DRX) behavior of high-performance bridge steel plays an important role in guiding the thermomechanical processing process. In the present study, the hot deformation behavior of Q370qE bridge steel was investigated by hot compression tests conducted on a Gleeble 3800-GTC thermal-mechanical physical simulation system at temperatures ranging from 900 ℃ to 1100 ℃ and strain rates ranging from 0.01 s−1 to 10 s−1. The obtained results were used to plot the true stress-strain and work-hardening rate curves of the experimental steel, with the latter curves used to determine the critical strains for the initiation of DRX. The Zener-Hollomon equation was subsequently applied to establish the correspondence between temperature and strain rate during the high-temperature plastic deformation of bridge steel. In terms of the DRX volume fraction solution, a new method for establishing DRX volume fraction was proposed based on two theoretical models. The good weathering and corrosion resistance of bridge steel lead to difficulties in microstructure etching. To solve this, the MTEX technology was used to further develop EBSD data to characterize the original microstructure of Q370qE bridge steel. This paper lays the theoretical foundation for studying the DRX behavior of Q370qE bridge steel.
Efficacy and safety of blonanserin versus risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Deng Shu-Wen , Xu Qian , Jiang Wen-Long , Hong Bo , Li Bo-Hui , Sun Da-Wei , Yang Hai-Bo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of blonanserin and risperidone for the treatment of schizophrenia and to provide reliable pharmacotherapeutic evidence for in the clinical treatment of schizophrenia.

Methods
We systematically searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases for head-to-head randomized controlled trials that compared blonanserin with risperidone for the treatment of schizophrenia. We extracted the following data: author, year, country, diagnostic criteria, sample size, course of treatment, dosage and outcomes. Our main endpoint was the changes in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total scores. Meta-analysis of the included data was conducted by RevMan 5.3 software. We used the GRADE criteria to evaluate the certainty of the evidence.

Results
A total of 411 studies were initially; 8 trials were eligible and were included in our analysis (N = 1386 participants). Regarding efficacy, there was no difference in changes in the PANSS total scores between the two groups (P > 0.05). In terms of safety, compared to risperidone, the incidence of serum prolactin increases and weight gain in the blonanserin group was lower (P<0.05), but the incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) was higher (P<0.05).

Conclusion
The efficacy of blonanserin is similar to that of risperidone, but it is unclear whether blonanserin is more effective than risperidone at improving cognitive and social function. More high-quality studies are needed to verify the efficacy and safety of blonanserin in the future.
Impact of high dose radiotherapy for breast tumor in locoregionally uncontrolled stage IV breast cancer: a need for a risk-stratified approach
Authors: Kim Nalee , Kim Haeyoung , Park Won , Cho Won Kyung , Kim Tae Gyu , Im Young-Hyuck , Ahn Jin Seok , Park Yeon Hee , Kim Ji-Yeon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aim
Patients with locoregionally uncontrolled breast tumors are frequently referred for breast palliative radiotherapy (PRT) to mitigate symptoms. We analyzed the outcomes following breast PRT to optimize PRT according to risk groups.

Methods
We reviewed 133 patients who underwent breast PRT. A median total dose of 45 Gy was prescribed with an equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions (EQD2, α/β = 3.5) of 53 Gy. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the prognostic factors of local control (LC).

Results
Most (90.2%) had polymetastatic disease (> 5 lesions), and 48.9% had bone metastasis. With a median follow-up of 17.2 months, the 2-year LC and overall survival (OS) rates were 49.4%, and 48.3%, respectively. Multivariable analyses demonstrated progressive or mixed responses outside the breast and > 2 lines of previous therapy as adverse features for clinical outcomes. Group 1 (0 risk factors) showed favorable 2-year LC and OS of 63.9%, and 72.8%, respectively, whereas group 3 (2 risk factors) showed the worst outcomes of 0%, and 6.8%, respectively. Breast PRT with EQD2 ≥ 63 Gy showed a significant benefit in LC for group 1 and marginal benefit (p = 0.055) for group 2, but no improvement for group 3 (p = 0.300).

Conclusion
Breast PRT showed favorable LC outcomes in patients with stable disease outside the breast and treated with ≤ 2 lines of systemic treatment. Our findings warrant future clinical trials investigating the role of higher than palliative dose and early intervention of PRT in stage IV patients.
Cost-effectiveness of interventions to improve case finding for tuberculosis: developing consensus to motivate investment
Authors: Dowdy David W. , Sohn Hojoon 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo better evaluate the cost-effectiveness of active case finding for tuberculosis, a framework for estimating long-term cost and impact is needed. We outline such a framework and highlight the need for consensus estimates of which costs to measure; averted morbidity, mortality, and transmission; measurable short-term outcomes; and meaningful cost-effectiveness thresholds.
A Scoping Review of Professionalism in Neurosurgery
Authors: Mangham William , Parikh Kara A. , Motiwala Mustafa , Gienapp Andrew J. , Roach Jordan , Barats Michael , Lillard Jock , Khan Nickalus , Arthur Adam , Michael L. Madison 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's Milestones provides a foundation for professionalism in residency training. Specific professionalism concepts from neurosurgery could augment and expand milestones for the specialty. We reviewed the current literature and identified professionalism concepts within the context of neurosurgical practice and training.

METHODS:
We used a scoping review methodology to search PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus and identify English-language articles with the search terms “professionalism” and “neurosurgery.” We excluded articles that were not in English, not relevant to professionalism within neurosurgery, or could not be accessed. Non–peer-reviewed and qualitative publications, such as commentaries, were included in the review.

RESULTS:
A total of 193 articles were included in the review. We identified 6 professionalism themes among these results: professional identity (n = 53), burnout and wellness (n = 51), professional development (n = 34), ethics and conflicts of interest (n = 27), diversity and gender (n = 19), and misconduct (n = 9).

CONCLUSION:
These 6 concepts illustrate concerns that neurosurgeons have concerning professionalism. Diversity and gender, professional identity, and misconduct are not specifically addressed in the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's Milestones. This review could be used to aid the development of organizational policy statements on professionalism.
Assessment of the global healthcare industry during COVID-19 pandemic: A content analysis approach
Authors: Ladki Malik , Daher Latifa , Abou Chacra Robert , Kassis Elie , Ayrout Chady , Moubayed Hadi , Abbas Amal , Boudani Nahed , A Doumit Ralph , Bitar Sylvana , Kizirian Annie , Hasna Rola , Barakat Darine , Faour Wissam H. 
Published: October 2023

Background: Content analysis (CA) is an investigative research tool used in healthcare studies to identify imminent challenges while providing lead time for preparedness measures. The objective of this study is to report on the challenges confronting the global healthcare industry. Methods: This study used the conventional CA “bottom-up” approach to a quantitative data. CA is a research technique that uses the qualitative research method and word counts to evaluate communication outcomes. A group of executive master’s in business administration (EMBA) and medical students championed the study. Using 13 periodicals as the data sources, researchers conducted online keyword searches for all articles, titles, and abstracts containing the word “healthcare”. The collected data was gathered from five international, four Middle Eastern, and four Lebanese periodicals from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021. Results: CA results indicate remarkable domination of keywords “COVID-19 health impact” as a major worldwide theme. Significant differences were noticeable among subcategories but remained related to COVID-19 in particular, social responsibilities, and research and development. Topics such as comorbid illnesses, social responsibility, healthcare logistics, and the well-being of healthcare service providers were among the least covered topics. Conclusion: Our findings emphasize the importance of global media and their coverage of healthcare issues on the types of healthcare topics (e.g., vaccines, drugs…) covered in the Lebanese periodicals in our study. Thus, global healthcare media are the main source for Lebanese periodicals reporting healthcare issues rather than the Lebanese healthcare authorities. Therefore, there is need for the development of a more efficient technology-driven healthcare management system. At the global level, there is a need to develop a step-by-step action-oriented strategic initiative to respond to emerging pandemics.
Few incidentally found interesting foreign objects in human body: a case series
Authors: HATGAONKAR ANAND , HATGAONKAR KAJAL , DHOTE SANDEEP , DHAWAN VAISHALI 
Published: October 2023

Foreign bodies are objects that do not typically belong in the human body but can be ingested, inserted, or entered due to injuries. This article presents various cases and examples of foreign bodies, including objects swallowed, objects inserted into the rectum, vagina, urethra, ear, and nose, or due to injuries caused by falls, puncture wounds, and gunshot wounds. Foreign bodies can be difficult to detect, particularly if they are not inherently radio-opaque, and may be overlooked by patients who cannot provide an adequate history. These foreign bodies may cause harm to the patient. Interpretation is done on radiographs, computed tomography (CT), Ultrasonography (USG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging studies. Most foreign objects pass through the gastrointestinal tract without problem; sharp and elongated objects can cause significant injury, and even if they only partially perforate the bowel wall, they can produce chronic inflammatory processes that produce symptoms months or years later. Hence, searching for foreign bodies should be done throughout the gastrointestinal tract, particularly in children and people with mental illness who are more likely to swallow multiple items more than once. Although rare, various materials can be left behind in the body of a patient after surgery, including large and small wire sutures, surgical drains, and retained sponges, which can cause potential complications and foreign body reactions. This article highlights the importance of being aware of the presence of foreign bodies in clinical practice, and a thorough search should be carried out using different modalities, especially CT. Great suspicion and early diagnosis of foreign bodies can avoid potential complications and morbidity. In general, it provides information on the diagnosis and treatment of various types of foreign bodies.
Impact of pulmonary hypertension on outcomes of influenza pneumonia patients: A nationwide analysis
Authors: Jain Akhil , Raval Maharshi , Modi Karnav , Kumawat Sunita , Patel Kunal , Kavathia Shrenil , Kataria Sharvilkumar , Kataria Deeti , Garg Monika , Desai Rupak , Dani Sourabha S. 
Published: October 2023

Background: Pulmonary hypertension can be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for influenza pneumonia (IP) patients. We performed analysis from the multicentric National Inpatient Sample (NIS) datasets to study the influence of disorders of pulmonary hypertension on the outcomes in IP patients. Methods: We used NIS 2016–2019 to identify IP hospitalizations (between 22–90 years of age) and divided them into with and without pulmonary hypertension (herein PHDPC). We analyzed for differences in demographics, primary (all-cause mortality) and other secondary outcomes. Results: Of 353,460 IP hospitalizations, 6.5% had PHDPC. The PHDPC cohort had more elderly, females, African Americans, and Medicare enrollees predominantly with more hospitalizations to large bed sizes and urban teaching hospitals, and higher cardiovascular comorbidities than non-PHDPC cohort. PHDPC had higher primary outcomes for in-hospital mortality (8.9% vs. 5.8%, adjusted OR 1.4, 95% CI: 1.21–1.61). PHDPC also had higher secondary outcomes for sepsis, septic shock, cardiogenic shock and need for mechanical ventilation, prolonged ventilation, hospital resource utilization for longer mean length of stay, mean hospitalization cost, transfer to other facilities or need for home health care, and high risk for 30-day readmission than the non-PHDPC cohort. Conclusions: With our study, we provide contemporary data for the outcomes of IP inpatients with pulmonary hypertension and depict worse outcomes for mortality, complications, and hospital resource utilization. Although our study does not include stratification for vaccination status for the outcome, primary care physicians, cardiologists, and pulmonologists should pro-actively educate patients on preventive strategies during the flu season.
Measurement of medication adherence among type II diabetes patients attending primary healthcare facilities in Morocco.
Authors: Maryem Arraji , Nadia Al Wachami , Younes Iderdar , Chaimaa El Moubchiri , Yassmine Mourajid , Karima Boumendil , Fatima Zahra Bouchachi , Morad Guennouni , Noureddine El Khoudri , Mohamed Barkaoui , Chahboune Mohamed 
Published: October 2023

Background: The aim of this study was to assess medication adherence among Moroccan patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: To achieve this objective, a quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with type 2 diabetes in Morocco. The General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS) was used to measure medication adherence in this target population. The study received ethical approval from the Moroccan Association for Research and Ethics. Results: A total of 284 patients were included in the study. Among them, 90.30% of type 2 diabetes patients demonstrated high adherence to their medication treatment, while 5.30% were considered to have moderate adherence and only 4.40% showed partial adherence. However, when the cumulative evaluation of medication adherence towards antidiabetic drugs was conducted, the results confirmed an adherence rate of approximately 95.78%. Conclusions: The study's findings revealed a high level of medication adherence among type 2 diabetes patients. To sustain these encouraging results, it will be crucial to maintain and value the efforts made by healthcare professionals involved in the care of these patients.
RUSSIAN LABOR MARKET UNDER ECONOMIC SANCTIONS
Authors: Zaharov D. , Kashtanova YEkatyerina , Lobacheva A. 
Published: October 2023

This article discusses the current state, trends and forecasts for the development of the Russian labor market in 2023. In the trends in the development of the market for goods and services, which directly affects the labor market, it is important that the export of Russian goods is carried out, despite the spreading sanctions, the prices for these goods may be lower than they were before, but the total volume of exported products remains at a high level. Russia manages to sell a larger volume of goods, but their cost is lower than it was before. Trends in the labor market in Russia show the opposite effect of the situation of the economic crisis — organizations are actively looking for workforce. The long-term effect of the influence of certain factors on the current labor market has affected: lack of labor, migration of personnel from one region to another, movement between different industries and services. As a result of such movements, there is a certain increase in wages, because, changing the place of work, the employee, under any external circumstances, seeks to get a new job with an increase in wages.
THE COMPANY’SšMISSION IS AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT OFšTHE MANAGER’S MANAGERIAL ARSENAL
Authors: Tverdola N. , Chernikova Ya. 
Published: October 2023

The article presents five arguments that justify the growing need for business leaders to formulate the company’s mission, to follow it daily and to communicate it to their team. reviewed a number of studies that speak to the real situation in business, as well as a direct connection of business success with the willingness and ability of the leader to clearly explain to his team how everything each of them does is related to this mission statement. The concept of a mission is analyzed, the basic rules that should be followed when formulating a business mission and the most common mistakes. The experience of formulating and using the mission in working with the personnel of some companies, which contributed to their transformation into the largest brands in the world, is considered. Their mission statements are given.
Awareness and knowledge of physicians and residents on the non-sexual routes of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and their perspectives on anti-HPV vaccination in Jordan
Authors: Qaqish Arwa , Abdo Nour , Abbas Manal Mohammad , Saadeh Nour , Alkhateeb Mohammad , Msameh Renad , Tarawneh Shahd , Al-Masri Mona 
Published: October 2023

Background and objectives
Although penetrative sex is the most common route of HPV infection, there is strong evidence of non-sexual modes of transmission. As the first of its kind, this study aimed to investigate the knowledge and awareness of Jordanian physicians on such routes.

Methods
A questionnaire was conducted among a national Jordanian sample of physicians from Jordanian health sectors. The survey included questions assessing participants’ knowledge on HPV, non-sexual routes of infection and HPV vaccines. Physicians’ attitudes towards HPV screening and vaccination were covered. Statistical analysis was carried out using SAS 9.4, ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey-Honest test and Kruskal-Wallis test. All significant differences were set at α = 0.05.

Results
A total of 412 participants completed the survey. Physicians showed a huge deficit in knowledge on nonsexual routes of HPV transmission. They agreed that the most and least common routes of non-sexual transmission are skin to mucosa (64%) and contaminated water (15%), respectively. Females showed significantly better knowledge in all aspects of HPV transmission and vaccination (p<0.0001) and more positive attitudes towards HPV screening and vaccination compared to males (p = 0.03). Age group ≤ 25 and academic physicians demonstrated higher knowledge on HPV vaccines compared to their counterparts in non-academic places (p = 0.002). Specialty and experience seemed to have no impact on knowledge or attitudes of participants. Higher knowledge physicians had more positive attitude towards vaccination and screening compared to lower knowledge fellows (p<0.001).

Conclusions
The noteworthy findings of this study is the extremely low level of knowledge on non-sexual routes of HPV infection among Jordanian physicians. Increasing the level of awareness of physicians and healthcare workers on these routes and their association with cervical and other cancers through university curricula and other reliable sources is strongly recommended.