bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Qca Design: Innovative Xor Gate and Optimized Circuits for Binary to Gray Code Conversion and Vedic Multiplication
Authors: Bhuvaneswari V. , Yuvaraj S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is considered an alternative technology to CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) due to its potential for ultra-low power consumption and high-speed operation. This work presents the design of a new XOR gate based on the concept of half distance-based cell interactions. Additionally, the digital circuits of the Binary to Gray Code converter and Vedic Multiplier have been designed using the proposed XOR gate. The Binary to Gray Code converter is a fundamental component in digital systems that facilitates efficient communication between binary and Gray Code representations. The Vedic Multiplier is a crucial arithmetic unit extensively used in modern digital signal processing and computing systems. The evaluation of the proposed circuits confirms that they work properly and are better in terms of the number of dots, area, and latency.
Enhancing Non-Invasive Colorectal Cancer Screening with Stool DNA Methylation Markers and LightGBM Machine Learning
Authors: Xiang Yi , Yang Na , Zhu Yunlong , Zhu Gangfeng , Lu Zenghong , Geng Shi , Zheng Liangjian , Feng Xiaofei , Zhu Rui , Xu Xueming , Wang Xiangcai , Zheng Tianlei , Huang Li 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective: This study evaluates the effectiveness of stool DNA methylation markers CNRIP1, SFRP2, and VIM, along with Fecal Occult Blood Testing (FOBT), in the non-invasive screening of colorectal cancer (CRC), further integrating these markers with the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) machine learning (ML) algorithm.
Methods: The study analyzed 100 stool samples, comprising 50 CRC patients and 50 healthy controls, from the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University. Methylation Specific PCR (MSP) was used for assessing the methylation status of CNRIP1, SFRP2, and VIM gene promoters. FOBT was performed in parallel. Diagnostic performance was assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and a LightGBM-based ML model was developed, incorporating these methylation markers and FOBT results.
Results: ROC analysis demonstrated that SFRP2 had the highest diagnostic accuracy with an AUC of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.794-0.946) and a sensitivity of 0.88. CNRIP1 and VIM also showed substantial screening effectiveness, with AUCs of 0.83 and 0.80, respectively. FOBT, in comparison, had a lower predictive value with an AUC of 0.67. The LightGBM-based ML model significantly outperformed individual markers, achieving a high AUC of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.916-0.991). However, the sensitivity of the ML model was 0.78, suggesting a need for improvement in correctly identifying all positive CRC cases.
Conclusion: Stool DNA methylation markers CNRIP1, SFRP2, and VIM exhibit high sensitivity in non-invasive CRC screening. The integration of these biomarkers with the LightGBM ML algorithm enhances the diagnostic accuracy, offering a promising approach for early CRC detection.
Anthelmintic Activity of Pineapple: In Silico Molecular docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Paul Arkajyoti , Das Tuhin , Chowdhury Md. Helal Uddin , Majumder Mohuya , Khan Md. Murad , Emran Talha Bin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Helminths are a major group of pathogens, responsible for a wide range of diseases in human and many other animals through their parasitic interaction with the host. At present a number of helminth species are posing serious threat due to their adroit evasion technique from the immune system and resistance to conventional anti-parasitic drugs. In order to find drug to cope with this challenge, a series of computational analysis was conducted on different compounds identified in Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.). SwissADME tool predicted the drug likeness of the selected compound based on the Lipinski’s rule of five. Out of 33 molecules, five compounds- syringaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, benzaldehyde, phenol and ethyl acetate showed promising binding affinity ranging from − 5.011 to -6.519 as depicted from docking score against tubulin-colchicine, potential receptor site for drug designing against helminths. MM-GBSA analysis showed that Syringaldehyde-1SA0 complex attained lower binding energy of -35.639 kcal/mol relative to ethylacetate, benzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzaldehyd, and phenol complex. Molecular dynamics simulation results further confirmed the potential anti-helminthic activity of syringaldehyde. The receptor-ligand complex showed promising RMSD and RMSF value of 2.008Å and 1.324Å respectively with the major hydrophobic interactions remaining unchanged even after 10 ns simulation. Thus, in this study, syringaldehyde was found to be a potential inhibitor of the tubulin-cholchicine receptor to prevent the progression of helminthic infection in the host cell. Performance of further clinical experiment with this compound, can reveal its true potential as a novel anti-helminthic drug in near future.
Causal association between type 2 diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel disease and iron deficiency anemia: A multivariable Mendelian randomization Study
Authors: Yang Qingluo Yang , Gao Xue , Wang Juping , WU Shuqin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the casual role of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in iron deficiency anemia (IDA).
Methods
Univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to evaluate the associations of T2DM, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) with risks for IDA.
Results
CD and T2DM were found to be associated with IDA in all three diseases. The ORs were 1.035(95% CI 1.006–1.064; p = 0.049) for CD and 1.086(95% CI 1.004–1.168; p = 0.022) for T2DM, respectively. Furthermore, when assessing CD and T2DM simultaneously using multivariable MR, both were found to be associated with an increased risk of IDA (OR 1.039, 95% CI 1.001–1.069, p = 0.012; OR 1.100, 95% CI 1.034–1.166, p = 0.005). But considering the effects of UC and CD in multivariable MR, only T2DM was causally associated with IDA (OR 1.104, 95% CI 1.037–1.171, p = 0.004).
Conclusion
Associations were found in the incidence of IDA and an increased risk of T2DM and CD, highlighting the importance of IDA prevention in patients with T2DM and CD.
Satisfaction in Mental Health Care: Examining Psychometric Properties of Experience of Service Questionnaire in a Turkish Population
Authors: Ozer Pelinsu Bulut , Halfon Sibel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective: Measuring satisfcation with psychological health services is important in clinical settings in order to evaluate the benefits of treatment. Past research has shown that relationship with clinician is at the core of satisfaction reports. However, measurement tools focusing on patients’ psyhcological health care experiences are rather scarce. The objective of this study is to adapt the Experience of Service Questionnaire (ESQ) Parent form and examine its psychometric properties in a Turkish population.
Method: ESQ Parent form was translated into Turkish and was presented to parents (N = 242) of children who have completed their treatment in a university’s psychological counseling center. Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was also gathered from parents pre- and post-treatment in order to measure symptomatic gains and investigate their associations with satisfaction with treatment.
Results: Factor analysis revealed a two-factor solution (‘Care’ and ‘Environment’) similar to questionnaire’s original structure. In addition, discriminant validity results showed that participants showing higher therapeutic gains (as measured by CBCL) show significantly higher satisfaction in ESQ.
Conclusions: This study is the first to measure satisfaction in psychological health care settings in Turkey, and therefore aims to contribute to a gap in the field. Results indicate a significant association between treatment outcome and satisfaction levels. Also, adapted measurement tool demonstrates adquate reliability and validity scores supporting it’s use in clinical settings.
Clinical characteristics and treatment responses of patients presenting with Delirious mania- A series of four cases
Authors: Sahu Raj Kumar , Rana Ajayveer 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Delirious mania which was previously known as Bell's mania is a severe psychiatric syndrome characterized by the rapid onset of three principal clinical features- delirium, mania, and psychosis. It is a rare condition that involves severe incessant agitation, leading to a medical emergency. There are no standardized diagnostic guidelines. It has an acute onset, fluctuating course that alternates between psychosis, catatonic, manic features, and delirium with rapid progression of symptoms (i.e., hours or days). It is characterized by extreme psychomotor activity, disorientation, emotional lability, delusions and hallucinations. Very few cases have been reported from India hence making it imperative to study its clinical characteristics and possible treatment which can help in providing care to such patients in emergency settings.
Case presentation:
We describe the cases of four patients with delirious mania admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit and discuss the demography, clinical features, investigations, treatment and course of illness during hospitalization of delirious mania.
Conclusions
Delirious mania is a severe but rare condition that involves severe incessant agitation, leading to a medical emergency. There is a high likelihood to misdiagnose these cases in the absence of diagnostic guidelines. Lack of recognition of this condition may lead to mismanagement of the course of illness. When manic excitement, psychosis, and delirium present concurrently, a diagnosis of delirious mania should be strongly considered. This case series will help clinicians in identifying cases of Delirious mania and providing treatment at early stages leading to a faster response and minimize morbidity.
Insulin and metformin are associated with reduced risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Lehrer Steven , Rheinstein Peter 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D), but not type 1, protected against ALS. In T2D serum insulin is normal or elevated in the early stages. Type 1 diabetes, characterized by a total lack of insulin, is associated with increased risk of ALS. The antidiabetic metformin also protects against ALS. Connexin 43 (Cx43), an astrocyte protein, operates as an open channel via which toxic substances from astrocytes reach motor neurons to cause ALS.Methods In the current study we analyzed FDA MedWatch data to determine whether insulin or metformin could reduce the risk of ALS. We performed in silico molecular docking studies and molecular dynamics simulation with Cx43 to determine if insulin or metformin dock within the Cx43 channel and can block it effectively, again reducing risk of ALS.Results In MedWatch, Insulin use is associated with a significantly reduced risk of ALS (Proportional Reporting Ratio 0.401). Metformin use is associated with a significantly reduced risk of ALS (PRR 0.567). The Human insulin heterodimer docked within center of the Cx43 channel, effectively blocking it. Molecular dynamics simulation showed that the block is highly stable and may be responsible for the protective effect of T2D on ALS. Metformin docks within the Cx43 channel, but the relatively small size of the metformin molecule may not allow it to obstruct the passage of toxic substances from astrocytes to motor neurons.Conclusion MedWatch data indicates that both insulin and metformin reduce risk of ALS. The results of our in silico docking study and molecular dynamics simulation corroborate our previous findings with Cx31. Insulin docks within the open hemichannel of hexameric Cx43, potentially blocking it. Molecular dynamics simulation showed that the block is stable and may be responsible for the protective effect of T2D and insulin on ALS. Metformin probably does not exert its protective effect by blocking the Cx43 channel.
Clinical profile of adult patients referred to congenital heart surgery in Egypt, a single center experience.
Authors: Samaan Amir Anwar , Abdrabou Mostafa M. , Mostafa Amir , AbdElAziz Osama , Shazly Mahmoud El , Lotfy Sherif , Hassan Mohamed , Elamragy Ahmed A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
A major challenge facing adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) service in developing countries is the lack of adequate data on the disease burden and specific needs of this group. We aimed to describe ACHD patients in Egypt who are in need for further surgical correction, their various presentations, and the types of surgeries required.
Methods
The study included ACHD patients considered for further surgical correction after a heart team discussion at a tertiary cardiac center in Egypt. Data about age, gender, presentation, functional capacity, resting oxygen saturation, diagnosis, previous intervention and its timing, and the type of surgery decided were collected.
Results
Over one year, 103 cases (49.5% males, mean age 23 years) were referred to surgery out of 134 cases discussed at the heart team committee. One-third of the patients (34%) were cyanotic and the majority presented in NYHA functional class II (44.7%) and III (35.95%). More than half of the patients (56.3%) had a previous surgical or trans-catheter intervention with a median age of 4 years at the time of the first procedure. The most frequently encountered diagnoses were: Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) (23.3%), atrial septal defect (18.4%), double outlet right ventricle (DORV) (11.6%), and transposition of great arteries (TGA) (7.8%). Surgical procedures that were required most were: Fontan procedure (20.3%), surgical ASD closure (18.4%), surgical pulmonary valve replacement (14.5%), total ToF repair (9.7%), subaortic membrane resection (6.7%) and tricuspid valve surgery (5.8%).
Conclusions
The group of ACHD patients in Egypt who require further surgical correction is heterogeneous with various presentations and needs. The required surgeries vary from simple to complex procedures. An efficient ACHD program necessitates the collaboration of dedicated cardiologists, radiologists, and cardiothoracic surgeons who are familiar with the unique demands and difficulties of this patient group.
Effect of Burlap on the Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Burlap Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Gebreegziabher Yohannes E. , Hareru Werku Koshe , Mulugeta Solomon 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the impact of burlap fibers on the workability and mechanical properties of concrete. Five different levels of burlap fiber content were tested, and it was found that all fiber contents in the range of 0.1 to 0.85% (wt.) can produce fresh workable concrete. The fiber content had no significant effect on the compressive strength but had a significant effect on the tensile strength and water absorption capacity of the C25 concrete. Among the different concentrations tested, 0.6% (wt.) burlap fibers exhibited the best performance. The results of the permeability test and microstructural analysis of the images further confirmed that a fiber content of 0.6% (wt.) can ensure stronger and more durable concretes. Therefore, it is recommended to use 0.6% burlap fiber to enhance the tensile strength significantly (by approximately + 3.8% relative to the control) while maintaining similar compressive strength and water absorption capacity as conventional C25 concrete.
Characteristics of Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome in patients with acute cerebellar stroke and its impact on outcome
Authors: Shinya Tokuaki , Yamauchi Kota , Tanaka Shota , Goto Kei , Arakawa Shuji 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome scale (CCAS-S) in patients with acute cerebellar stroke (ACS) and examine its relationship with the outcomes.
Methods
We included patients who experienced ACS for the first time and were hospitalized in Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital within 7 days of stroke onset between April 2021 and April 2023. The CCAS-S, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) scores were evaluated 1 week after stroke onset, and Functional Independence Measure (FIM)/Barthel Index (BI) at discharge, physical function, activities of daily life, duration of hospitalization, and outcome (discharge destination) were evaluated. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare CCAS-S scores and variables.
Results
Thirteen consecutive patients with ACS (nine women) and age-and sex-matched healthy controls (seven women) were included. The MMSE score was within the normal range in all patients; however, patients with stroke had a lower total CCAS-S score (median 72, interquartile range [IQR] 66–80) and a higher number of failed tests (median 4, IQR 3–5) than healthy controls. Significant deficits were observed in semantic fluency (p = 0.008), category switching (p = 0001), and similarity (p = 009). Possible, probable, and definite CCAS were diagnosed in two, one, and 10 patients, respectively. Patients discharged home showed better SARA and FIM/BI scores but similar CCAS-S scores compared to those discharged to rehabilitation hospitals.
Conclusion
CCAS, along with impaired executive and language functions, is frequently observed in ACS patients; however, impaired motor function, and not CCAS, influences the outcome.
Business and Bleeding Hearts
Authors: Ó Laoghaire Tadhg 
Published: January 2024

When it comes to fulfilling our basic duties to distant others, we in the affluent world face a motivation gap; we consistently fall short of bearing even moderate costs for the sake of helping others secure basic minimums to which they are entitled. One response to the motivation gap is to cultivate in affluent populations a greater concern for distant others; cultivating such concern is the goal of ‘sentimental cosmopolitanism’. Two approaches to sentimental cosmopolitanism currently dominate the literature, a compassion-based and a complicity-based approach, respectively. In this paper, I argue for the promise of reciprocity as an alternative motivator of cosmopolitan concern. I further argue that a sense of obligation to distant others, grounded in our participation in an ongoing system of reciprocal exchange, can be cultivated within a thus-far overlooked sphere of cosmopolitan sensitization, namely the market. I make the case for the market as an appropriate site for cosmopolitan sensitization, and further argue that multinational corporations are, for several reasons, well-positioned to bear the political responsibility of sensitizing affluent populations to the significance of their participation in a cooperative economic scheme shared with distant others. This paper, then, makes a novel contribution to debates on cosmopolitan sentiment, as well as to the emerging literature on corporations’ political responsibilities.
Keywords: multinational corporations; political responsibility; reciprocity; sentimental cosmopolitanism; trade
Regenerative effects of immobilized hyaluronidase and subtilisin enzymes on experimental models of chemical and mechanical corneal trauma
Authors: Zabanova V. E. , Ershov K. I. , Leonov N. P. , Fursova A. Zh. , Madonov P. G. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: to study the regenerative potential of immobilized hyaluronidase and subtilisin enzymes preparations in experimental models of chemical and mechanical corneal trauma.Material and methods. The study involved 28 mongrel rabbits weighing 3.5 to 4 kg, divided into 4 groups for separate studies of repair models according to different types of injury (chemical vs. mechanical), and different drugs and the methods of administration thereof. Hyaluronidase (PEG-hyaluronidase) and subtilisin (PEG-subtilisin) pegylated by electron beam synthesis technology were used. The condition of the cornea was assessed 24 hours after the injury had been inflicted, whereupon the eyes were enucleated and histologically examined.Results. The chemical trauma groups treated by PEG-hyaluronidase revealed a decrease in the wound area by an average of 36.6 mm2, while those given a subconjunctival injection showed a 36.08 mm2 decrease. If PEG-subtilisin was applied, the area of the corneal defect revealed an average increase of 11.63 mm2 (with a case of perforation registered). In subconjunctival injection of PEG-subtilisin, the wound area decreased by 27.42 mm2. In the mechanical trauma groups, a similar pattern was observed: with the instillation of PEG-subtilisin, the wound area averaged 53.63 mm2 and 1 case of perforation was registered, whilst with subconjunctival administration, the wound area decreased to 28.76 mm2. With PEG-hyaluronidase instillations, a significant wound area decrease of 36 mm2 was noted, and with subconjunctival administration, the wound area decreased by 70.3%. A higher corneal transparency in the optical zone and a weaker inflammatory reaction with the use of PEG hyaluronidase were revealed by histological testing.Conclusion. A positive effect of PEG-hyaluronidase, specifically concerning the enhancement of regenerative processes in the wound in chemical and mechanical wounds could be seen. PEG-subtilisin showed no positive effects, which may be associated with high fibrinolytic activity.
Results of treatment of optic disc pit maculopathy in children
Authors: Katargina L. A. , Denisova E. V. , Osipova N. A. , Kiseleva Ya. A. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: to analyze the anatomical and functional results of the differentiated treatment of optic disc pit maculopathy in children.Material and methods. We examined 23 children aged 5–17 years with an o ptic disc pit maculopathy. 10 children underwent retinal laser coagulation (LC) along the borders of the optic disc pit (1–3 sessions), 13 children underwent pars plana vitrectomy with gas tamponade (C2F6) in combination with retinal LC. In addition to the standard ophthalmological examination, all children underwent optical coherence tomography of the macular area of the retina before treatment and at different times after it.Results. In the group of children who underwent LC, the initial value of the maximum retina elevation averaged 525 ± 140 μm (from 346 to 882 μm). After laser treatment, all children showed a decrease in retinal elevation by 32 to 602 μm. 3 children had complete resorption of subretinal fluid during follow-up periods from 5 to 13 months. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) remained stable in 5 children, increased by 0.04–0.6 in 4 children, and decreased by 0.1 in one child. In the group of surgically treated children, the elevation of the retina before the intervention averaged 919 ± 143 μm (from 614 to 1420 μm) (p < 0.05). After the intervention, this parameter decreased in all children by 91 to 811 μm, complete resorption of subretinal fluid was observed in 4 children during follow-up periods from 4 to 6 months. BCVA remained stable in 5 children, increased in 7 children by 0.1–0.7, and decreased by 0.4 in one child due to the progression of the cataract.Conclusion. The differentiated approach to the treatment of optic disc pit maculopathy in children proved to be highly efficient, depending on the height of retinal elevation in the macular zone before the start of treatment.