bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transforming the Routines and Contexts of Management, Work, and Technology
Authors: Ciborra Claudio U , Schneider Leslie S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rapid changes in technology, markets, and competition are forcing corporations to reconsider what it takes to sustain competitive advantage. In particular, much recent literature has emphasized the importance of addressing decisions about business strategy, technology, and organizational structure as part of a coherent whole, rather than in isolation (Walton, 1989). In the ideal case, depending on multiple parameters such as the complexity of tasks, uncertainty of the environment, prevailing competitive strategy, and so on, corporations would select specific organizational struqures, information systems, job designs, and systems development procedures and shape them into a coherent design that best fits environmental and internal constraints or “contingencies.” When one or more of the main parameters change or when the existing design fails, the corporations would implement a new combination of structures, systems, and tasks (Kotter, 1978).
Population Trajectories
Authors: Hannan Michael T , Carroll Glenn R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the motivations for the research reported in this book is to understand the empirical regularity of growth in density observed for diverse organizational populations. When examined over long periods of time, counts of the number of organizations in a population initially grow slowly, then grow rapidly for a short time, and finally stabilize (sometimes after declining for some time). In order to analyze these temporal patterns thoroughly, we decomposed the overall population growth rate into its constituent parts, the organizational founding and mortality rates.
In The Rings Of Saturn
Authors: Sherman Joe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this compelling, readable narrative, Joe Sherman explores virtually every aspect of the Saturn project, America's biggest and most publicized industrial success of the last decade. Here is the whole story - Saturn's mysterious beginnings inside General Motors in 1982; the site hunt that involved 38 states and ended in Spring Hill, Tennessee; the plant's construction and the transfer of 5,000 UAW members to a historic Southern backwater; and finally the small car's triumph in the marketplace. Telling the story through the standpoint of dozens of characters, from local farmers, to inspired assembly line workers, to `car smarts and gut feel' engineers, Sherman brings to life a very American story of renewal and growth, of great hope and soured expectations, of greed and lost opportunities. And he reveals that if the USA wants to produce high quality products that the world will want to buy, it must begin to adopt methods similar to those used in making the Saturn car.
(Re)Designing Dynamic Organizations
Authors: Mongee Peter R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Almost all prescriptive work on organization design is focused on achieving a good fit or match among an organization’s components or among the organization’s design and the determinants of its design. Although it may consider ‘‘turbulent environments’‘ and ‘‘executive succession,’‘ rarely does it operationally deal with the dynamics of the relationships among these components or determinants. This chapter by Monge is unusual and commendable in that it examines the process of organizational design from a dynamic perspective and describes a set of techniques that an organization designer can use to analyze and deal with the dynamics of these relationships.
With Studied Ambiguity
Authors: Goldstein Joseph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1976, the Supreme Court, in National League of Cities, addressed, as it had in McCulloch and many times since, the meaning and application of the constitutional principle of federalism.It considered whether the powers “reserved to the States” in the Tenth Amendment place judicially expoundable limitations upon an otherwise proper exercise by Congress of the commerce power. Or, put differently, the Court had to decide whether the federal structure of government provided by the Constitution leaves the imposition of constraints in the name of state sovereignty solely to the political process.
Passive Effects Of Gravity
Authors: Rowell Loring B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The great French physician Piorry stated in 1826: “It is in consequence of gravity that when the arms are held down the veins swell and the capillaries are filled, and the reverse occurs when the arms are held up, that varicoceles enlarge on standing up, and diminish in the horizontal position, and that the head and face redden when held down” (from McDowall, 1956).“When man’s subhuman ancestors first dared to rise and walk upon their hind legs, they essayed a physiologic experiment of no mean difficulty” (Amberson, 1943).
What Signals Govern The Cardiovascular Responses To Exercise? Role Of Central Command
Authors: Rowell Loring B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The nature of the signals that initiate and maintain the close matching between blood flow and metabolism during exercise is still not well understood. The question of how the cardiovascular system is’ ‘informed” about the oxygen requirements of active muscle has challenged physiologists for nearly 100 years. The final three chapters of this book are about this question. They put forward three main ideas about the origin of the signals that activate the autonomic nervous system and control the cardiovascular system during exercise.
What Is a Life Story?
Authors: Linde Charlotte 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, I will define the life story as an oral unit of social interaction and indicate how it differs from other revelations or constructions of the self (autobiography, journals, psychological life history, and so on). In defining the life story, I am attempting to render precise and accessible to analysis the common-sense notion of a life story discussed in Chapter 1-a notion that is already in use by members of this culture, and that describes part of their social practice. Such a work of definition is a common practice in the history of linguistics. Just as “sentence,” “story,” and “argument” were folk notions before being investigated and described by linguistics (or her older sister, rhetoric), so “life story” is also a folk notion. Part of the interpretive equipment furnished to us by our culture is the idea that we “have” a life story, and that any normally competent adult has one. In this nontechnical use, the notion of the life story means something like “what events have made me what I am,” or more precisely, “what you must know about me to know me,” where knowing a person specifies a range of linguistic and social activities and relations by the knowers.
Common Sense and Its History
Authors: Linde Charlotte 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Chapter 6, we considered coherence systems-systems of beliefs and relations between beliefs that are used to structure life stories, explanations, and (presumably) other discourse types as well. The systems considered so far are all special systems that are synchronically related to and historically derived from professional coherence systems, which have a social framework that may include credentialed practitioners and specified occasions on which practitioners and clients meet to apply them. Special coherence systems are not used or even necessarily known by everyone in the culture, and they are not always used even by speakers who do know and use them.
Introduction
Authors: Boritt Gabor S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
JOSHUA CHAMBERLAIN’S VOICE rang clear: “Bayonet!” The command “ran like fire along the line, from man to man, and rose into a shout.” Abandoning their protected positions up on the hill, the Twentieth Maine “sprang forward” and charged dawn “upon the enemy.” Gettysburg, July 2,1863. Little Round Top. The very end of the Union flank. Defend the ground at all cost. Men from Alabama attack. Up the slope into the Union line they tear, and as they retreat leave their dead behind, and those of Maine. Then up they charge again, and again. The New England line almost doubles back upon itself, forming a narrow “V,” trying to defend its flank, and rear too. Nearly two hours go by. Up on the hill ammunition runs low. Yet the Rebels seem ready to charge again. As dusk comes, bodies, cries, smoke, and dread cover the rocky hillside.
“Upon their Success Hang Momentous Interests”: Generals
Authors: Gallagher Gary w. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Any ASSESSMENT OF the impact of generalship on the result of the Civil War must necessarily Jocus on three individuals. Admirers of some of the more than one thousand other men who achieved the rank of general in either the Union or Confederate armies might construe this as a slight to their heroes. After all, those officers helped organize the respective national armies and influenced individual campaigns and battles in myriad ways. But Ulysses S. Grant, Robert E. Lee, and William Tecumseh Sherman shaped military events to a far greater degree than any of their comrades. Grant and Sherman directed Federal offensives in 1862-65 that eventually destroyed the morale and capacity to resist among southern whites, while Lee’s strategic and grand tactical skills more than once threatened to translate hopes for an independent Confederacy into reality. These three men made decisions that profoundly influenced events behind the lines and abroad as well as on the battlefield-indeed, it is impossible to discuss the reasons for northern victory or southern defeat without coming to terms with their dominant roles in the war. While some may disagree with the methods of Grant and Sherman, few contest their credentials as architects of Union victory. Lee's impact on Confederate fortunes remains more hotly debated, a circumstance that places him at the center of this essay.
The Perseverance of the Soldiers
Authors: Mitchell Reid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
WHY DID THE Union win its war against the Confederate Rebellion? I find myself giving the same answer that Richard Current gave in his essay for Why the North Won—that, “As usual, God was on the side of the heaviest battalions.” What I would like to suggest, however, is that having the heaviest battalions does not proceed automatically from having the greater population, wealth, or resources. I'd also like to suggest that the battalion—or the company and the regiment—might be the right unit of analysis to answer the question of Union victory. The ideology and the morale of the Union soldier made a key contribution to Union victory; one reason the Union could triumph was the perseverance of its soldiers.*
The Evolution of Community Psychiatry in Britain
Authors: Freeman Hugh L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is characteristic of some historical processes that they follow not a linear, but rather a circular-or more precisely, an elliptical-form. So far as the mentally ill in Britain are concerned, they came under the aegis of “community care” inpremodern times, as they still do today in most developing countries, where public responsibility is limited to confining those cases who present a physical danger to others. Recent trends in British mental health services-particularly the large-scale transfer of those with chronic disorders from the public to the private sector-provoke disquieting echoes of earlier periods. Before the early eighteenth century, there was only one institution in England for the care of the insane, and none in the other countries of the British Isles. This was the Bethlem (or more familiarly, Bedlam) Hospital in London which-particularly through Hogarth’s pictures-became an exemplar of neglect, cruelty, and professional incompetence. It was a reputation, though, that was not fully deserved (Allderidge, 1985). During the eighteenth century, the growth of humanitarianism, particularly associated with nonconformist religious groups, led to the opening of a number of hospitals for the insane, either as independent institutions or associated with general hospitals. These were supported by subscriptions from the wealthier classes, but others were operated for profit, initiating the “trade in lunacy” (Parry Jones, 1972). In many of them, care was little better than at Bethlem, and it was concern over this state of affairs that led the Quakers to establish a new type of institution at Yorlc, The Retreat, where the principle of Moral Treatment was first developed by William Tuke (Digby, 1985). This new approach was to be an influential force in psychiatric care, not only in Britain but also particularly in the United States.
Administration:The Psychiatrist as Manager
Authors: Diamond Ronald J , Stein Leonard I , Schneider-Braus Kathleen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Administration is a part of many professional activities. Administrative skills are required whenever resources need to be managed or allocated, or when a complex milieu needs to be developed or maintained. In organizations providing mental health services, psychiatrists play a critical role in these activities. Psychiatrists working in a public mental health system often have significant administrative influence and responsibility that goes beyond what is acknowledged in a formal job description. Many community mental health center psychiatrists do not appreciate the fact that they can significantly influence the mental health system to work more effectively for their clients. They often have great interest in improving patient care, but come away feeling frustrated and impotent when attempting interventions that might make the system work better.
Mental Health Services Research
Authors: Mark olfson , Goldman Howard H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mental health services research uses a variety of epidemiological, experimental, and quasi-experimental methods to study the organization, financing, and performance of mental health services. Researchers study the need for and accessibility of services, the financial costs and clinical efficacy of services, and a host of other issues related to the delivery of care. The findings from mental health services research play an important role in the practice of modem community psychiatry. Community psychiatrists increasingly look to mental health services research to inform their decisions of who should receive which services and what benefits can reasonably be expected from these services.
Case Management
Authors: Goering Paula N , Wasylenki Donald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mental health case management developed in response to the need for coordinating complex services for mentally ill people living in communities. This chapter provides a brief overview of the historical and conceptual underpinnings of case management; defines this approach to service delivery; addresses administrative issues; describes the nature of the clinical practice, identifying some of the key issues; and summarizes the findings from selected descriptive and evaluative research studies.
The Dually Diagnosed
Authors: Drake Robert E , Osher Fred C , Bartels Stephen J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews the literature on co-occurring severe mental illness and substance use disorder, often termed dual diagnosis. The review is restricted to patients with severe mental disorders, such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. It covers several aspects of substance abuse among patients with severe mental disorder: prevalence and etiology, clinical correlates, course and outcome, assessment, and treatment. Within each of these categories, practical clinical implications are emphasized.
Creating Incentives
Authors: McMillan John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How Can you make it in another person’s interest to behave as you want? How can you create incentives? The word “incentive” comes from the Latin incentiuus, which means “setting the tune”; in this chapter we will ask how best to set the tune. We will explore the uncontroversial, even bland proposition that people must be rewarded if they are to be induced to do something they would prefer not to do. The whole question of incentives arises because of some divergence of interests. An insurance company wants its sales people to be out looking for customers, but the salespeople might prefer to sit around playing poker. An author, seeking fame, wants her book priced low so as to achieve a large sale; while the publisher, seeking profit, prefers a higher price. A firm operating on borrowed capital, whose liability is limited in the event of bankruptcy, engages in more risky ventures than the banker desires. If a subcontracting firm is able to pass on part of its production-cost increases to the prime contractor, it will be less careful to hold down its costs than the prime contractor wants (it might carry excessive inventories, or use more workers than necessary, or fail to seek the most efficient techniques). A car-owner, after buying theft insurance, becomes less careful to prevent theft than the insurance company would want.
Prologue
Authors: Morris Norval 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I tend to resent authority, its confident manner and plump bum, yet in Moulmein in my early twenties I exercised the combined authority of a district officer and a police magistrate over nearly one hundred thousand Burmese, Indians, and Chinese, and a few hundred Europeans. The seeds of my hostility to authority had been planted at St. Cyprian’s and Eton; but in Moulmein, as policeman, prosecutor, and judge rolled into one, I came to feel its temptations within myself. Dr. Veraswami thinks I succumbed; perhaps I did.
Ake Dah
Authors: Morris Norval 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It would have been disapproved of, frowned on, even perhaps a matter for comment: teaching a Malay sergeant how to roll a cigarette in one of those filthy little tin and rubber machines that leave wisps of tobacco sticking out the end-the type you lick from side to side on the grey, sticky edge of the cigarette paper. But happily none of my superior officers was there to see my childish delinquency, and the Malay sergeant was clearly enjoying the lesson.
The Veraswami Story
Authors: Morris Norval 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I told the story of the accident, if it was an accident, as starkly as I could. I suppose I hoped I could unburden myself to Dr. Veraswami and yet not allow him to see immediately what a fool I had been. The jungle in Burma can be very dense, particularly in areas close to rivers and streams, where there is never what passes for a dry season to reduce the bursting luxuriance. None of us had seen the cliff beside the overgrown path. We were aware only of the unbroken ceiling of trees above us, the taller trees at the foot of the precipice reaching to share the tropical sun equally with their shorter brethren beside the path. I was day­ dreaming when I heard the Burmese policeman’s cry, the noise of branches breaking, and then a thud as he struck the ground some thirty feet below.
“Lie Still and Think of the Empire” Sexuality in Victorian Courtship and Marriage
Authors: Lystra Karen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Captain Frederick Marryat, an English novelist who toured this country in 1837, reportedly observed piano legs modestly covered by little trousers in a seminary for young ladies.1 Although this story is often taken to epitomize Victorian prudery and excessive sexual repression, another incident in Marryat’s life may be a more accurate symbol of Victorian sexuality. When Marryat visited Louisville, he met a phrenologist, Dr. Collyer:3 Suspicious of his wife’s fidelity, Collyer decided to test her “bump of amativeness” against her “bump of discretion.” Announcing that he would be gone all night, Collyer hid under his wife’s bed “to await developments.” According to Marryat’s modern editor, “At one o’clock in the morning they materialized-the Captain lMarryatJ in a shortish night shirt, Mrs. Collyer in little more.
An Introduction to Mice
Authors: Silver Lee M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What is a mouse? Ask any small child and you will hear the answer—a small furry creature with big ears and a big smile. Today, in Japan, Europe, America, and elsewhere, this question evokes images of that quintessential mouse icon— Mickey; but even before the age of cinema, television, and theme parks, mice had entered the cultures of most people. In the English-speaking world, they have come down through the ages in the form of nursery rhymes sung to young children including ‘‘Three blind mice” and “Hickory, dickory dock, the mouse ran up the clock “Artistic renditions of mice in the form of trinkets, such as those shown in Fig. 1.1, are sold in shops throughout the world. Why has the mouse been in the minds of people for so long? The most obvious reason is that one particular type of mouse—the so-called house mouse—has lived in close association with most, if not all, human populations since the dawn of civilization.
Laboratory Mice
Authors: Silver Lee M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the unique advantages of working with mice, rather than other experimental organisms, is the availability of standard strains such as C57BU6 (abbreviated B6), BALB/c, and many others that are used in thousands of laboratories around the world each year. With the use of the same standard inbred strain, it is possible to eliminate genetic variability as a complicating factor in comparing results obtained from experiments performed in Japan, Canada, Germany, or any other country in the world. Furthermore, for the most part, results obtained in 1992 can be directly compared to results obtained in 1962 or any other year. But, where do these standard strains come from and how can one be sure that a mouse advertised as BALB/c is actually a BALB/c mouse?
When two animals have the same strain name, such as BALB/c, it means that they can both trace their lineage back through a series of brother-sister atings to the very same mating pair of inbred animals.
National Systems Supporting Technical Advance in Industry: The Brazilian Experience
Authors: Dahlman Carl J , Frischtak Claudio R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Brazil has the ninth largest GDP in the world, the sixth largest population, and the fifth largest area. Its per capita income in 1987 was US$224 l, slightly above Mexico but below Argentina, South Korea, and Taiwan. The country is well endowed with natural resources, has a productive agriculture sector, and a mature and diversified industrial base. Manufacturing value-added in 1987 was US$79 billion, the ninth largest in the world, about 15% larger than that of Canada, two times that of Mexico or Korea, and almost three times that of Australia.
Racial Disproportion in the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Tonry Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Three findings about race, crime, and punishment stand out concerning blacks. First, at every criminal justice system stage from arrest through incarceration, blacks are present in numbers greatly out of proportion to their presence in the general population. In 1991, for example, blacks made up a bit under 13 percent of the general population but 44.8 percent of those arrested for violent felonies and nearly 50 percent of those in prison on an average day. Second, although black disproportions in the front of the systemas offenders and arrestees-are essentially stable, since the early 1980s they have steadily grown worse at the back. Between 1979 and 1990, for example the percentage of blacks among persons admitted to state and federal prisons grew from 39 to 53 percent. By contrast, 44.1 percent of violent crime arrests in 1979 were of blacks, virtually the same as the 1992 figure. Third, perhaps surprisingly, for nearly a decade there has been a near consensus among scholars and policy analysts that most of the black punishment disproportions result not from racial bias or discrimination within the system but from patterns of black offending and of blacks’ criminal records. Drug law enforcement is the conspicuous exception. Blacks are arrested and confined in numbers grossly out of line with their use or sale of drugs.