bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women's satisfaction with genetic counseling for hereditary breast‐ovarian cancer: Psychological aspects
Authors: Tercyak Kenneth P. , DeMarco Tiffani A. , Mars Bryn D. , Peshkin Beth N. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWomen who participate in BRCA1/2 cancer genetic counseling do so for a variety of reasons, including learning quantitative risk information about their chances of developing hereditary breast‐ovarian cancer at some point during their lifetimes. For these women, obtaining pre‐test and disclosure genetic counseling with a professional affords them numerous potential benefits, including adequate preparation for, and accurate interpretation of, their test results. In consequence, women commonly report being highly satisfied with their cancer genetic counseling experience, even if the information learned through testing suggests they are at increased cancer risk. This occurrence raises an interesting question, namely, what are the psychological aspects of satisfaction with genetic counseling for hereditary breast‐ovarian cancer in women? To answer this question, we administered the Genetic Counseling Satisfaction Scale (GCSS) to a convenience sample of 61 women participating in BRCA1/2 pretest genetic counseling, and re‐administered the GCSS to approximately one‐third of these women at disclosure. Available psychological data included personality, distress, and family functioning. In bivariate analyses, optimism and family functioning were positively associated with pretest satisfaction. With respect to satisfaction at disclosure, general and cancer‐specific distress were negatively associated with satisfaction. Our findings suggest that psychological aspects of satisfaction with cancer genetic counseling vary, with individual differences and family functioning playing a role at pretest, and distress playing a role at disclosure. The implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutations in PITX2 may contribute to cases of omphalocele and VATER‐like syndromes
Authors: Katz L.A. , Schultz R.E. , Semina E.V. , Torfs C.P. , Krahn K.N. , Murray J.C. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractOmphalocele is a congenital anomaly with substantial morbidity. Rieger syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder, is characterized by craniofacial abnormalities and abdominal wall defects. PITX2 mutations are etiologic in >40% of cases of Rieger syndrome. We demonstrate that the birth prevalence of omphalocele is significantly higher in Rieger syndrome than in the general population, with omphaloceles found in 0.03% in the Iowa newborn population and 4.3% of patients with Rieger syndrome. Our objective was to screen coding and conserved non‐coding regions of PITX2 for mutations in 209 patients with omphalocele. We identified remarkable evolutionarily conserved regions by comparing the 3′UTR of Pitx2 in 13 vertebrate and 3 invertebrate species. No mutations changing the amino acid sequence were found within the omphalocele population. In one case of omphalocele with VATER‐like additional anomalies, a three nucleotide deletion was found in the 3′UTR. This deletion was not seen in 1,186 controls. Also in the 3′UTR, we identified a single nucleotide polymorphism at a highly conserved residue. Our findings suggest additional studies of PITX2 conserved regions will be valuable. We also screened the omphalocele cases for mutations in exon 5 of the gene FLNA. Mutations in FLNA have been shown to cause a broad range of congenital malformations, including otopalatodigital syndrome type 2 in which a missense mutation occurring in exon 5 of FLNA results in omphalocele as part of the phenotype. We did not find any mutations in exon 5 of FLNA in 179 omphalocele cases studied. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of the mother's reproductive state on the hormonal status of daughters in marmosets (Callithrix kuhlii)
Authors: Puffer Alyssa M. , Fite Jeffrey E. , French Jeffrey A. , Rukstalis Michael , Hopkins Elizabeth C. , Patera Kimberly J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBehavioral and endocrine suppression of reproduction in subordinate females produces the high reproductive skew that characterizes callitrichid primate mating systems. Snowdon et al. [American Journal of Primatology 31:11–21, 1993] reported that the eldest daughters in tamarin families exhibit further endocrinological suppression immediately following the birth of siblings, and suggested that dominant females exert greater control over subordinate endocrinology during this energetically challenging phase of reproduction. We monitored the endocrine status of five Wied's black tufted‐ear marmoset daughters before and after their mother delivered infants by measuring concentrations of urinary estradiol (E2), pregnanediol glucuronide (PdG), testosterone (T), and cortisol (CORT). Samples were collected from marmoset daughters 4 weeks prior to and 9 weeks following three consecutive sibling‐litter births when the daughters were prepubertal (M=6.1 months of age), peripubertal (M=11.9 months), and postpubertal (M=17.6 months). The birth of infants was associated with reduced ovarian steroid excretion only in the prepubertal daughters. In contrast, ovarian steroid levels tended to increase in the postpubertal daughters. Urinary E2 and T levels in the postpubertal daughters were 73.8% and 37.6% higher, respectively, in the 3 weeks following the birth of infants, relative to prepartum levels. In addition, peak urinary PdG concentrations in peri‐ and postpubertal daughters were equivalent to luteal phase concentrations in nonpregnant, breeding adult females, and all of the peri‐ and postpubertal daughters showed clear ovulatory cycles. Cortisol excretion did not change in response to the reproductive status of the mother, nor did the concentrations change across age. Our data suggest that marmoset daughters of potential breeding age are not hormonally suppressed during the mother's peripartum period or her return to fertility. These findings provide an additional example of species diversity in the social regulation of reproduction in callitrichid primates. Am. J. Primatol. 64:29–37, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dental topography and molar wear in Alouatta palliata from Costa Rica
Authors: Dennis John C. , Ungar Peter S. , Teaford Mark F. , Glander Kenneth E. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractPaleoprimatologists depend on relationships between form and function of teeth to reconstruct the diets of fossil species. Most of this work has been limited to studies of unworn teeth. A new approach, dental topographic analysis, allows the characterization and comparison of worn primate teeth. Variably worn museum specimens have been used to construct species‐specific wear sequences so that measurements can be compared by wear stage among taxa with known differences in diet. This assumes that individuals in a species tend to wear their molar teeth in similar ways, a supposition that has yet to be tested. Here we evaluate this assumption with a longitudinal study of changes in tooth form over time in primates. Fourteen individual mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) were captured and then recaptured after 2, 4, and 7 years when possible at Hacienda La Pacifica in Costa Rica between 1989–1999. Dental impressions were taken each time, and molar casts were produced and analyzed using dental topographic analysis. Results showed consistent decreases in crown slope and occlusal relief. In contrast, crown angularity, a measure of surface jaggedness, remained fairly constant except with extreme wear. There were no evident differences between specimens collected in different microhabitats. These results suggest that different individual mantled howling monkeys wear their teeth down in similar ways, evidently following a species‐specific wear sequence. Dental topographic analysis may therefore be used to compare morphology among similarly worn individuals from different species. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship between ovarian cycle phase and sexual behavior in female Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)
Authors: O'Neill Ann C. , Fedigan Linda M. , Ziegler Toni E. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe conducted behavioral observations simultaneously with fecal sample collection on eight nonlactating females 2–3 times per week, October 1997–March 1998, to examine the relationship between ovarian hormones and the sexual behavior of female Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) during the mating season. We analyzed samples by enzyme immunoassay for fecal hormone levels. Hormone profiles of estrone‐glucuronide (E1) and pregnanediol‐glucuronide (PdG) were used to separate ovarian cycles into three phases (follicular, periovulatory, and luteal). Hormonal profiles indicate average cycle lengths of 27.6 ± 4.2 days (± SD; n = 26). Average lengths of the luteal and follicular phases were 12.3 ± 3.8 days (± SD) and 8.3 ± 3.4 days (± SD), respectively. We observed female Japanese macaques engaging in sexual activity throughout the ovarian cycle, with the highest rates occurring during the follicular and periovulatory phases as compared to the luteal phase. The attractivity of female Japanese macaques increased significantly during the follicular and periovulatory phases of the ovarian cycle, when E1 levels are peaking and PdG levels drop to baseline. In addition, females displayed a significant increase in proceptive behavior during the follicular and periovulatory phases. Grooming bouts, as well as proximity between female and male macaques, also increased significantly during the follicular and periovulatory phases. We conclude that fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones in different phases of the cycle are significantly associated with variable rates of copulatory and pericopulatory behaviors in these Japanese macaque females. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How international arbitration bridges global markets in transition economies
Authors: Katz Lucy V. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe five feature articles discuss current principles that are essential for business ADR practice regardless of where it is taking place. Lucy V. Katz of Fairfield, Conn., leads off at right with insights into how arbitration practice is helping open up markets in China, Cuba, North Korea, and Vietnam—not traditionally hospitable markets for Western companies, to put it mildly.
Parkinsonian signs and substantia nigra neuron density in decendents elders without PD
Authors: Ross G. Webster , Petrovitch Helen , Abbott Robert D. , Nelson James , Markesbery William , Davis Daron , Hardman John , Launer Lenore , Masaki Kamal , Tanner Caroline M. , White Lon R. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSubstantia nigra (SN) neurons were counted on single, transverse caudal midbrain sections from 217 male participants in the Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study, aged 74–97 years at death. Quadrants areas within the SN were determined with a planimeter and neuronal density was expressed as neurons/mm2 for 10 Parkinson's disease (PD) cases, 29 incidental Lewy body cases, and 178 controls with neither condition. Mean densities in all quadrants were significantly lower in the PD group compared with the other groups (p = 0.006). This relationship was strongest in the ventrolateral quadrant. In a subgroup of 50 controls who were examined with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale an average of 2.1 years prior to death, there was an association of stooped posture (p = 0.009), postural instability (p = 0.013), body bradykinesia (p = 0.048), and gait disturbance (p = 0.05) with neuron density in the dorsolateral quadrant; and impaired speech (p = 0.014), abnormal facial expression (p = 0.022), and difficulty rising from a chair (p = 0.032) with neuron density in the dorsomedial quadrant. There was a significant association of increasing number of signs present with decreasing neuron density in both quadrants (p = 0.001 for trend). Low SN neuron density may be the basis for parkinsonian signs in the elderly without PD. Ann Neurol 2004
Carbonic anhydrase–related protein VIII: Autoantigen in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration
Authors: Bataller Luis , Sabater Lidia , Saiz Albert , Serra Carles , Claramonte Berta , Graus Francesc 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSerum of a patient with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) and malignant melanoma had a unique reactivity with Purkinje cells that was not observed in serum of patients with PCD and other tumors, or with malignant melanoma without paraneoplastic syndromes. The screening of a human cerebellar complementary DNA expression library with the patient's serum resulted in the isolation of the CA8 gene. CA8 encodes carbonic anhydrase–related protein (CARP) VIII, preferentially expressed in Purkinje cells. The patient had intrathecal synthesis of CARP VIII antibodies. One of seven melanomas tested expressed CARP VIII. These data suggest CARP VIII may be an autoantigen involved in the pathogenesis of melanoma‐associated PCD. Ann Neurol 2004
Methoden zur chemischen Synthese von Fullerenen
Authors: Scott Lawrence T. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractDas bekannteste Fulleren, C60 , wurde mit chemischen Methoden synthetisiert. Über zehn Jahre lang wurden im Labor des Autors bei der Synthese und dem Studium von offenen geodätischen Polyarenen Erfahrungen gesammelt, auf deren Grundlage die Strategie und Methodik für die Herstellung einer Vorstufe aus 60 Kohlenstoffatomen und deren Schließung zum Fulleren ausgearbeitet wurden. In diesem Aufsatz beschreibt der Autor aus seiner persönlichen Perspektive, wie die neuen Synthesemethoden entwickelt und eingesetzt wurden.
Preparation of an ultraviolet‐curable water‐borne poly(urethane acrylate)/silica dispersion and properties of its hybrid film
Authors: Yu Hao , Yuan Qiaolong , Wang Dening , Zhao Yinghong 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAn organic–inorganic hybrid material was prepared through the addition of nanometer fumed silica partly modified by dimethyl dichlorosilane into a water‐borne poly(urethane acrylate) (PUA) anionomer. A PUA/silica hybrid film was made via ultraviolet curing. The mechanical properties of the hybrid film were studied. The tensile strength, elongation at break, pendulum hardness and the glass‐transition temperature of the hybrid material increased with increasing content of silica. Scanning electron microscopy showed an asymmetrical distribution of modified silica in PUA. Atomic force microscopy demonstrated that silica particles could make the surface of the film smooth. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1347–1352, 2004
Degradation of polyimide film under vacuum ultraviolet irradiation
Authors: Peng Guirong , Hao Wenguang , Yang Dezhuang , He Shiyu 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe degradation of PI film irradiated with VUV in a wavelength of 5 to 200 nm is investigated. The results show that transparency of PI film decreases obviously after irradiation and more obviously for the film irradiated with VUV of higher intensity. In addition, the absorption line red‐shifts for the PI film. The XPS and FTIR analyses results indicate that decarbonylation and the condensation of the benzene group take place under the irradiation and that carbonification takes place under 100 VUV suns. The change of optical property could be attributed to the stabilizing of the conjugation group and as well as to the carbonification to some extent. The character of VUV on polymer degradation is discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1370–1374, 2004
Influence of the preparation conditions on the morphology of polyaniline electrodeposited by the pulse galvanostatic method
Authors: Jiao S. Q. , Zhou H. H. , Chen J. H , Luo S. L , Kuang Y. F. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe pulse galvanostatic method (PGM) and galvanostatic method (GM) were used to electrodeposit polyaniline (PANI) in H2SO4 solutions. Scanning electron microscopy studies showed that PANI prepared with GM had a granular morphology similar to other researchers' results, whereas nanofibular PANI was prepared with PGM. Furthermore, the relationship between the synthetic conditions and morphology of PANI electrodeposited by PGM was investigated. Under some preparation conditions (i.e., mean current density of PGM = 1–4 mA cm−2, ratio of the on‐pulse period to the off‐pulse period = 0.25–10, temperature = 10–30°C, and experimental frequency = 10–1000 Hz), nanofibular PANI was obtained, whereas flake PANI or granular PANI was prepared under other conditions. Nanosize PANI could result from the highly polarized current of the pulse current signal. The appropriate pulse peak current during the on‐pulse period not only produced high electrochemical polarization but also did not lead to overoxidation of PANI; meanwhile, the monomer at the electrode/solution interface could be sufficiently supplied during the off‐pulse period. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94:1389–1394, 2004
Synthesis, characterization, and flocculation characteristics of hydrolyzed and unhydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum
Authors: Adhikary P. , Singh R. P. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe partial hydrolysis of xanthan gum‐g‐polyacrylamide was carried out in alkaline medium. Four grades of partially hydrolyzed products were synthesized by varying the reaction parameters. The neutralization equivalents of these products were determined by titration with standard sodium hydroxide solution. The flocculation characteristics of all the hydrolyzed graft copolymers and the unhydrolyzed xanthan gum‐g‐polyacrylamide were determined in 5 wt % iron ore and kaolin suspensions. The partially hydrolyzed product with neutralization equivalent of 1000 g showed better performance than that of other partially hydrolyzed products, but all hydrolyzed products exhibited poorer performance than that of the unhydrolyzed product in flocculation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1411–1419, 2004
Water stability of high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) syndiotacticity‐rich poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/HMW atactic PVA/iodine complex blend films
Authors: Yeum Jeong Hyun , Kwak Jin Woo , Han Sung Soo , Kim Sam Soo , Ji Byung Chul , Noh Seok Kyun , Lyoo Won Seok 
Published: September 2004

AbstractTo precisely identify the effect of blend ratios of syndiotacticity‐rich poly(vinyl alcohol) (s‐PVA)/atactic PVA (a‐PVA) on the water stability of s‐PVA/a‐PVA/iodine complex blend films, we prepared two PVAs with similar number‐averaged degrees of polymerization of 4000 and degrees of saponification of 99.9% and with different syndiotactic diad contents of 58.5 and 53.5%, respectively. The desorption behavior of iodine in s‐PVA/a‐PVA/iodine complex films in water was investigated in terms of the solubility of s‐PVA/a‐PVA blend films in water. The degree of solubility of s‐PVA/a‐PVA blend films with s‐PVA content over 50% in water at 70°C was limited to about 10–20%, whereas that of s‐PVA/a‐PVA blend films with s‐PVA content of 10% was 85% under the same conditions. The degree of iodine desorption of complex blend films decreased with increasing s‐PVA content. The degree of iodine desorption of s‐PVA/a‐PVA drawn film with s‐PVA content of 90% was limited to 7%, regardless of the soaking temperature from 30 to 70°C. The desorption of iodine in water was strongly affected by the dissolution of blends. Moreover, the stability of iodine in the drawn s‐PVA/a‐PVA/iodine blend films in hot water was far superior to that of the undrawn film. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1435–1439, 2004
Syndiospecific styrene polymerization with CpTiCl3/MAO: Effects of the order of reactant addition on polymerization and polymer properties
Authors: Huang Bill , Cao Kun , Li Bo‐Geng , Zhu Shiping 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSyndiospecific styrene (St) polymerization, catalyzed by the CpTiCl3/methylaluminoxane (MAO) system, was investigated using two different activation procedures. The polymerization parameters included polymerization time, temperature (∼25–100°C), ratio of [Al]/[Ti] (∼100–1000), and catalyst precursor concentration (∼0.5–10.0 × 10−4 mol Ti/L). It was found that adding reactants in the order of (CpTiCl3 + MAO) + St (Injection of Styrene mode) gave much higher monomer conversion rates, higher weight‐average molecular weights, and narrower molecular weight distributions than for the (St + MAO) + CpTiCl3 (Injection of Catalyst mode). The former also yielded significantly higher syndiotacticity fractions. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements showed multiple peaks exhibiting polymorphism in crystalline syndiotactic polystyrene samples. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1449–1455, 2004
Swelling behavior and pervaporation properties of new composite membrane systems: Porous polyethylene film‐poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel
Authors: Buyanov A. L. , Revel'Skaya L. G. , Rosova E. Yu. , Elyashevich G. K. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA new type of composite membrane for pervaporation has been developed. These membranes were prepared by free‐radical copolymerization of acrylic acid with a macromolecular polyfunctional crosslinker (allylhydroxyethylcellulose) inside the porous polyethylene (PE) film. It was shown that the porous structure of the PE matrix is filled with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and a layer of acid is formed on the film surface. To investigate the effect of the porous matrix on the composite membrane properties, a hydrogel membrane of crosslinked PAA was also prepared without the matrix using the same procedure. PAA in both membranes was in the neutralized form (K+). Swelling behavior of the membranes and their separation characteristics for pervaporation were investigated in water–ethanol solutions depending on the ethanol concentration. All membranes exhibited a high degree of equilibrium swelling (Q = 20–50 g/g) in dilute ethanol solutions (0–30 vol %), and Q sharply dropped to 1.5–2 g/g at a EtOH concentration of 30–40 vol % due to collapse of the gel. All membranes under study were highly permeable and selective to water over a wide range of ethanol concentrations in the feed (50–96 vol %), but composite membranes had a higher separation factor due to the restriction effect of the matrix porous structure on swelling of PAA(K+) inside the pores. However, composite membranes were characterized by a lower permeation rate, compared to the crosslinked PAA membranes without a matrix, because of their lower effective surface for diffusion. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1461–1465, 2004
The use of polymers in the treatment of produced oily waters
Authors: Feder Angelo L. , González Gaspar , Teixeira Carmen L. S. , Lucas Elizabete F. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn this work, a new flocculant agent was developed based on a non‐ionic and water‐soluble polymer, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), in order to treat oily waters from peteroleum production. Changes on its HLB were made to generate hydrophobic zones that work like flocculant agents, based on “hydrophobic bridges mechanism.” Incorporation of 12 to 18 carbon atoms and carbamate groups in several concentrations were carried out. Little insertions of hydrophobic groups reduce the brine solubility, due to the inter‐ and intramolecular interactions; however, certain content of carbamate groups increases the resistance in a brine environment. The influence of molecular weight and the hydrolysis grade of PVA were verified as the flocculation efficiency. Their performance was verified in synthetic oily emulsion by flocculation tests. The flakes generated are different from those generated when using commercial products. High amount of additive decreases the flocculation efficiency. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1473–1479, 2004