bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of resource allocation and activity scheduling rules in a dynamic multi‐project environment
Authors: Yang Kum‐Khiong , Sum Chee‐Chuong 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe use of a dual‐level structure in managing the use of resources in a multi‐project environment involves two sets of decisions. Resource allocation decisions, usually controlled by a central authority, determine the allocation of resources among projects such that resources are allocated to the critical projects. Once assigned to a project, the resources are managed by an independent project manager who schedules the activities within his project using only the resources assigned to him. This paper evaluates the relative performance of four resource allocation priority rules and six resource transfer rules in conjunction with two activity scheduling rules. The results show that the First in System First Served resource allocation priority rule dominates over the other three proposed resource allocation priority rules with the lowest project tardiness, flowtime, and lateness standard deviation. Further evaluation of the resource transfer rules shows that additional resources should only be transferred into a project just‐in‐time of expected use, and idle resources which are expected to be utilized within a time period of not longer than two times the resource transfer time should be retained within their assigned project. The minimum late finish activity scheduling rule is also shown to perform better than the minimum slack activity scheduling rule.
Manufacturing strategy and production systems: An integrated framework
Authors: Kim Yearnmin , Lee Jinjoo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper suggests a set of potential profiles for different types of production systems and manufacturing strategies and deals with the contingency framework that links production systems to manufacturing strategies. Specifically, an explicit conceptual link is drawn between “generic manufacturing strategy” that uses two dimensions of strategy (cost efficiency and differentiation) and the complementary production system typology in manufacturing that uses technical complexity and technical flexibility. Proposed production systems are “intermittent production system”, “continuous production system”, “concurrent production system”, and “degenerate production system”. This paper also expands the area of interest to focus on the development of methods and measures of each technology dimension that can be validated in some way.Thus, this study, by suggesting an integrated framework, clarifies and combines the terms and concepts related to manufacturing strategies based on the results of business strategy research and new manufacturing technology for further empirical study with this framework.
The impact of lot splitting on due date performance
Authors: Wagner Bret J. , Ragatz Gary L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe primary purpose of the research project was to determine if the flow time reductions that occur from splitting jobs into smaller transfer batches result in improved due data performance. The research was performed using a computer simulation of a five machine open job shop. In the open shop environment, each job is unique, and the flow time reductions are solely a result of overlapping operations rather than saved setups from processing similar jobs in sequence. To determine the impact of lot splitting on due date performance, two questions had to be answered. First, how does the impact of lot splitting vary with the magnitude of setup times? Second, how does the size of the transfer batch affect lot splitting performance?This study shows the benefits from lot splitting improve monotonically with decreasing transfer batch size and that lot splitting provides improvements that are essentially independent of the setup time as long as the total utilization (ratio of setup and processing time to available time) is constant. As for the primary research question, lot splitting can provide substantial reductions in mean tardiness (up to 39%) and number of jobs tardy in the open shop environment.The repetitive lots logic developed by Jacobs and Bragg (1988) is reformulated to clearly show that it can be used in combination with any dispatching rule. This rule demonstrates that the repetitive lots logic makes surprisingly good scheduling decisions in spite of its simplicity.Lot splitting is shown to be a simple and effective means of improving the performance of an open job shop. Based on its robust performance in this study, the benefits should be able to be realized in combination with other shop floor control techniques, such as order review release and order expediting.
From supply to demand chain management: efficiency and customer satisfaction
Authors: Heikkilä Jussi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHow do companies in the fast‐growing industries achieve good customer satisfaction together with efficiency in supply chain management (SCM)? This inductive case study of six customer cases of Nokia Networks, one of the leading providers of mobile telecommunication technology, led to propositions exploring that question. Good relationship between the customer and the supplier contributes to reliable information flows, and reliable demand information flows in turn contribute to high efficiency—these are well‐researched issues also in other industry environments. But in a fast‐growing systems business such as mobile telecommunications industry, the supplier needs to be able to adapt its offering to a wide variety of customer situations and needs. Understanding the customer’s situation and need together with the right offering contributes to good co‐operation in improving the joint demand chain, which further leads to superior demand chain efficiency and high customer satisfaction.
Retail stocking decisions with order and stock sales
Authors: Rajagopalan S. , Kumar K.Ravi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractKey factors for success in competitive markets are to be able to offer the customer the product features he/she desires and still maintain low costs. We believe that, just as lean manufacturing has helped reduce inventories in factories, there is a need for lean retailing to reduce the large inventories at retailers. One way to do this is to exploit the potential for order‐and‐wait sales rather than hold a lot of inventory, especially in high‐variety environments. This paper analyzes retailing operations from this perspective and looks at the issue of providing the customer with the option of purchasing from stock or by placing an order, when variety is an inherent feature of the product market. A multi‐period, multiproduct model with a constraint on the amount of stock that can be held is developed, with both stock and order‐and‐wait sales possible. We provide an optimal procedure to solve the problem and develop other key results. First, we show that the optimal quantity of stock to be held by the retailer decreases when the option of placing an order is offered. The idea is that, through identifying and servicing segments of consumers with a propensity to waiting, retailers can reduce their stocking levels (and costs) needed to service those consumers who have no desire to wait for product delivery. Another key conclusion is that, in some contexts, the retailer should actually be offering discounts to those who will place an order and wait for the product they desire. However, under certain conditions, it may indeed be optimal to charge a premium for the ordered item (relative to in‐stock items).
Homicide by schizophrenic patients in Israel
Authors: Valevski A. , Averbuch I. , Radwan M. , Gur S. , Spivak B. , Modai I. , Weizman A. 
Published: October 2002

SummaryThirty-three schizophrenic inpatients aged 45.3 ± 13.5 years who had been found not guilty of homicide by reason of insanity were compared with 28 schizophrenic patients matched for age, sex and duration of disease who had not committed any crime. Statistical analysis revealed a high rate in the study group of individual factors associated with aggression, such as alcohol abuse, previous contact with the police, aggressive behavior and threats (P < 0.05). Significantly more of them were also immigrants (P < 0.05). There was no between-group difference in familial factors. These findings support earlier studies indicating that schizophrenic patients with the profile of alcoholism, aggressiveness and foreign country of origin are at high risk of homicidal behavior.
Myocardial contractile reserve under low doses of dobutamine and improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction with treatment by carvedilol
Authors: Jourdain P. , Funck F. , Fulla Y. , Hagege A. , Bellorini M. , Guillard N. , Loiret J. , Thebault B. , Desnos M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTo examine the ability of myocardial contractile reserve (MCR) assessment to predict the improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction with treatment by carvedilol, a prospective study was undertaken in 85 patients with chronic heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction <45%. Low dose dobutamine echocardiography (DSE), a 6‐min walk test and measured brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were assessed in all the patients. Patients were separated into two groups. Group A were patients without any myocardial reserve and group B patients with a myocardial contractile reserve defined as an increment of more than 20% of the resting left ventricular ejection fraction during dobutamine infusion. The two groups differed for percentage of ischemic cardiomyopathy (67.8 in group A vs. 29.7% in group B P‐0.028), 6‐min walk test performance (respectively, 343 vs. 415 meters P<0.05) and BNP plasma levels (respectively, 184.5 vs. 70.1 P<0.02) but not for left ventricular ejection fraction or NYHA class. During DSE, MCR and heart rate variation was higher in group B than in group A. At the end of the follow up, LVEF increased and NYHA class decreased in group B but not in group A. In multivariate analysis the existence of MCR could predict the improvement of LVEF with treatment by carvedilol. In our study, studying MCR could help to predict patients who will improve their LVEF with carvedilol prior to the administration of the treatment.
Shifting serotypes, plasmid profile analysis and antimicrobial resistance pattern of shigellae strains isolated from Kolkata, India during 1995–2000
Authors: DUTTA S. , RAJENDRAN K. , ROY S. , CHATTERJEE A. , DUTTA P. , NAIR G. B. , BHATTACHARYA S. K. , YOSHIDA S-I. 
Published: October 2002

One hundred and sixty-six shigellae strains, isolated from stool samples of paediatric patients (<5 years old) at a Childrens' Hospital in Kolkata, India during the period of 1995–2000 were examined for serotyping, drug resistance pattern and plasmid profiles. Sh. flexneri (58%) was found to be commonest isolate of total shigellae, followed by Sh. sonnei (28%), Sh. boydii (9%) and Sh. dysenteriae (5%). This profile of species was in sharp contrast to the picture obtained before 1995, when Sh. dysenteriae 1 predominated over Sh. flexneri. In Sh. flexneri strains, Sh. flexneri 2a (35%) was the most prevalent serotype, following Sh. flexneri 3a (31%), Sh. flexneri 6 (14%), Sh. flexneri 2b (11%) and Sh. flexneri 4 (9%). Resistance patterns of the strains to 12 commonly used antimicrobial agents and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the antibiotics were also tested. All strains were found uniformly susceptible to norfloxacin, but more than 90% strains were resistant to tetracycline, co-trimoxazole and 67% strains were resistant to ampicillin. Resistance to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid was found in 55% (range 45–74%), 46% (range 40–60%) and 29% (range 15–40%) strains respectively. Overall, shigellae strains showed statistically significant increase in resistance against tetracycline, nalidixic acid and furazolidone (P<0.05) over the years of this study. This indicates decreased efficacy of furazolidone, cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid for the empirical treatment of shigellosis in Kolkata. Although a few strains showed intermediate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (4%) and cefotaxime (10%) by disk diffusion test, but the MICs of those antibiotics were within the normal limits. Almost 57% of the strains were resistant to four or more drugs with high MICs of the antibiotics. Plasmid profile analysis revealed presence of large plasmid of 220 kb in majority of the strains except in Sh. sonnei and a correlation between presence of smaller plasmids and shigellae serotypes. Hence this study reports epidemiological change of shigellae species in Kolkata, India with regard to serotypes and antibiotic resistance patterns.
Chemical Inactivation of the Cinnamate 4-Hydroxylase Allows for the Accumulation of Salicylic Acid in Elicited Cells
Authors: Schoch Guillaume A. , Nikov Georgi N. , Alworth William L. , Werck-Reichhart Danièle 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
The cinnamate (CA) 4-hydroxylase (C4H) is a cytochrome P450 that catalyzes the second step of the main phenylpropanoid pathway, leading to the synthesis of lignin, pigments, and many defense molecules. Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential trigger of plant disease resistance. Some plant species can synthesize SA from CA by a mechanism not yet understood. A set of specific inhibitors of the C4H, including competitive, tight-binding, mechanism-based irreversible, and quasi-irreversible inhibitors have been developed with the main objective to redirect cinnamic acid to the synthesis of SA. Competitive inhibitors such as 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid and the heme-coordinating compound 3-(4-pyridyl)-acrylic acid allowed strong inhibition of C4H activity in a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Bright Yellow [BY]) cell suspension culture. This inhibition was however rapidly relieved either because of substrate accumulation or because of inhibitor metabolism. Substrate analogs bearing a methylenedioxo function such as piperonylic acid (PIP) or a terminal acetylene such as 4-propynyloxybenzoic acid (4PB), 3-propynyloxybenzoic acid, and 4-propynyloxymethylbenzoic acid are potent mechanism-based inactivators of the C4H. PIP and 4PB, the best inactivators in vitro, were also efficient inhibitors of the enzyme in BY cells. Inhibition was not reversed 46 h after cell treatment. Cotreatment of BY cells with the fungal elicitor β-megaspermin and PIP or 4PB led to a dramatic increase in SA accumulation. PIP and 4PB do not trigger SA accumulation in nonelicited cells in which the SA biosynthetic pathway is not activated. Mechanism-based C4H inactivators, thus, are promising tools for the elucidation of the CA-derived SA biosynthetic pathway and for the potentiation of plant defense.
l-Ascorbic Acid Is Accumulated in Source Leaf Phloem and Transported to Sink Tissues in Plants
Authors: Franceschi Vincent R. , Tarlyn Nathan M. 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
l-Ascorbic acid (AsA) was found to be loaded into phloem of source leaves and transported to sink tissues. Whenl-[14C]AsA was applied to leaves of intact plants of three different species, autoradiographs and HPLC analysis demonstrated that AsA was accumulated into phloem and transported to root tips, shoots, and floral organs, but not to mature leaves. AsA was also directly detected in Arabidopsis sieve tube sap collected from an English green aphid (Sitobion avenae) stylet. Feeding a single leaf of intact Arabidopsis or Medicago sativawith 10 or 20 mm l-galactono-1,4-lactone (GAL-l), the immediate precursor of AsA, lead to a 7- to 8-fold increase in AsA in the treated leaf and a 2- to 3-fold increase of AsA in untreated sink tissues of the same plant. The amount of AsA produced in treated leaves and accumulated in sink tissues was proportional to the amount of GAL-l applied. Studies of the ability of organs to produce AsA from GAL-l showed mature leaves have a 3- to 10-fold higher biosynthetic capacity and much lower AsA turnover rate than sink tissues. The results indicate AsA transporters reside in the phloem, and that AsA translocation is likely required to meet AsA demands of rapidly growing non-photosynthetic tissues. This study also demonstrates that source leaf AsA biosynthesis is limited by substrate availability rather than biosynthetic capacity, and sink AsA levels may be limited to some extent by source production. Phloem translocation of AsA may be one factor regulating sink development because AsA is critical to cell division/growth.
Photosynthetic and Other Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Isoforms in the Single-Cell, Facultative C4System of Hydrilla verticillata
Authors: Rao Srinath K. , Magnin Noël C. , Reiskind Julia B. , Bowes George 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
The submersed monocot Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle is a facultative C4 plant. It typically exhibits C3 photosynthetic characteristics, but exposure to low [CO2] induces a C4 system in which the C4 and Calvin cycles co-exist in the same cell and the initial fixation in the light is catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC). Three full-length cDNAs encoding PEPC were isolated from H. verticillata, two from leaves and one from root. The sequences were 95% to 99% identical and shared a 75% to 85% similarity with other plant PEPCs. Transcript studies revealed that one isoform,Hvpepc4, was exclusively expressed in leaves during C4 induction. This and enzyme kinetic data were consistent with it being the C4 photosynthesis isoform. However, the C4 signature serine of terrestrial plant C4isoforms was absent in this and the other H. verticillata sequences. Instead, alanine, typical of C3 sequences, was present. Western analyses of C3 and C4 leaf extracts after anion-exchange chromatography showed similar dominant PEPC-specific bands at 110 kD. In phylogenetic analyses, the sequences grouped with C3, non-graminaceous C4, and Crassulacean acid metabolism PEPCs but not with the graminaceous C4, and formed a clade with a gymnosperm, which is consistent with H. verticillataPEPC predating that of other C4 angiosperms.
Compressibility to 7 GPa at 298 K of the protonated octahedral framework mineral burtite, CaSn(OH)6
Authors: Welch M. D. , Crichton W. A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe equation of state of synthetic deuterated burtite, CaSn(OD)6, has been determined to 7.25 GPa at 298 K by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. Fitting to a third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state gives K0 = 44.7(9) GPa and K0′ = 5.3(4). A second-order fit gives K0 = 47.4(4) GPa. Within experimental error the two fits are indistinguishable over the pressure range studied. The decrease in the a parameter with pressure is smooth and no phase transitions were observed. Burtite is much more compressible (by a factor of three or four) than CaSnO3 and CdSnO3 perovskites, indicating that the absence of a cavity cation has a major effect upon the compressibility of the octahedral framework. Burtite is also markedly more compressible than the closely-related mineral stottite FeGe(OH)6 (K0 = 78 GPa). Their different compressibilities correlate with the relative compressibilities of stannate and germanate perovskites. Although different octahedral compressions are likely to be the primary reason for the different compressibilities of burtite and stottite, we also consider the possible secondary role of hydrogen-bonding topology in affecting the compressibilities of protonated octahedral frameworks. Burtite and stottite have different hydrogen-bonding topologies due to their different octahedral-tilt system. Burtite, space group Pn and tilt system a+a+a+, has a hydrogen-bonded network of linked four-membered rings of O-H…O linkages, whereas stottite, space group P42/n and tilt system a+a+c−, has <100> O-H…O crankshafts and isolated four-membered rings. These different hydrogen-bonded configurations lead to different bracing of the empty cavity sites by the O-H…O linkages and very different hydrogen-bonding connectivities in these two minerals that may also enhance the difference between their compressibilities.
HRTEM observations of structural and chemical modulations in cosalite and its relationship to the lillianite homologues
Authors: Pring A. , Etschmann B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe results of a HRTEM and electron diffraction investigation of a Cu- and Ag-rich cosalite, Cu1.2Ag0.9Pb6.7Bi8.2S20, from Ivigtut, Greenland, are presented. Electron diffraction patterns down [001] show pairs of satellite reflections at Gp±~1/8[140]* andGp±~1/8[40]* in addition to the strong Bragg reflections of the underlying average structure. The superlattice corresponds to a compositional and displacive modulationG±qprimwhereqprimis the primary modulation vector 1/8[140]*. The superlattice is attributed to coupled Ag/Pb/Bi and Cu/□ ordering and associated structural relaxation. The HRTEM images show a complex moire texture due to the structural modulations. Cosalite from Ivigtut, Greenland, also forms coherent intergrowths with members of the lillianite–gustavite series (Pb3Bi2S6–PbAgBi3S6). A model for the intergrowth between the structures is presented based on sharing both S and Pb atoms in the PbS-like slabs in both structures along [010]cosalite.
Autosomal dominant reticuloendothelial iron overload associated with a 3–base pair deletion in the ferroportin 1 gene(SLC11A3)
Authors: Devalia Vinod , Carter Kymberley , Walker Ann P. , Perkins Stephen J. , Worwood Mark , May Alison , Dooley James S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe describe a family with autosomal dominant inheritance of increased body iron stores characterized by raised serum ferritin concentration and normal transferrin saturation. Liver biopsy showed iron deposition in Kupffer cells without fibrosis. The clinical features of HFE-related hemochromatosis were absent, as were the Cys282Tyr and His63Asp mutations. Venesection therapy was poorly tolerated, suggesting a defect in iron release from reticuloendothelial stores. A 3–base pair deletion in exon 5 of the ferroportin 1 gene (SLC11A3) predicting Val162 deletion was found in affected members, but not in unaffected individuals or in 100 control subjects. Consensus structural predictions of the transmembrane helices showed that the deletion is in the extracellular loop between the third and fourth predicted transmembrane helices and lies within a spatial cluster of other known ferroportin 1 mutations. These results indicate that this extracellular cluster is functionally important for iron transport, and its disruption leads to iron overload.
Engagement of ILT2/CD85j in Sézary syndrome cells inhibits their CD3/TCR signaling
Authors: Nikolova Maria , Musette Philippe , Bagot Martine , Boumsell Laurence , Bensussan Armand 
Published: October 2002

AbstractExtensive phenotype analysis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) malignant cell lines revealed surface expression of receptors usually not detected on normal circulating CD4+CD45RO+lymphocytes. We previously found that CTCL malignant cells express the killer cell immunoglobulinlike receptor (KIR) KIR3DL2/CD158k, whereas they fail to express the other KIRs. In the present study, we report for the first time that the CD85j/immunoglobulin (Ig)–like transcript 2 (ILT2) receptor is found on Sézary cell lines and on circulating Sézary malignant CD4+ cells, while it is hardly detectable on circulating CD4+ lymphocytes from healthy individuals. We demonstrate that ILT2 is functional on CTCL cells, as its triggering leads to the recruitment of Src homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-1) and to the specific inhibition of CTCL malignant cell proliferation induced by CD3/T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. Interestingly, we found that separated CD4+ILT2+ circulating malignant Sézary cells are less susceptible to anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb)–induced cell death than autologous CD4+ILT2− lymphocytes. Therefore, the resistance to apoptosis of Sézary cells may result from distinct mechanisms including cytokine-induced high levels of bcl-2 and specific expression of inhibitory receptors involved in lymphocyte survival.