bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypofractionated Versus Conventional Fractionation External Beam Radiotherapy in Intermediate and High Risk Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Samuel Eileen , Zaman Saliha , Bakar Muhammad Abu , Fareed Muhammad Mohsin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background:
The treatment options of intermediate and high risk prostate cancer include radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, and androgen deprivation therapy. Hypofractionated radiotherapy is becoming more popular lately due to better understanding of the radiobiology of prostate cancer and favorable logistics. We compared the toxicity and efficacy of hypofractionated versus conventional fractionation external beam radiotherapy in patients with intermediate and high risk localized prostate cancer treated at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Lahore (SKMCH & RC).
Methodology:
We retrospectively conducted this study on 114 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma who underwent treatment at SKMCH & RC from 2013-2018. These patients were treated with radical radiotherapy along with hormonal therapy as per indication. Data was collected from electronic hospital system and analyzed by SPSS version 23.
Result:
Our study showed that out of total 114 patients, 12% (n=14) had an age range of 48-60 years, 56% (n= 64) were between 61-70 years and 32% (n= 36) were older than 71 years. Mean age was 68 years (61-75) and 93.4% had ECOG PS of 0-1. 88% of patients had stage III-IVA disease at the time of diagnosis with only 21% (n=24) with nodal involvement. Mean PSA was 33 ± 39 SD while mean GS was 7 ± 0.9 SD. 21% (n=24) had intermediate risk while 79% (n=89) were of high risk. Moreover, only 7 patients (30%) in intermediate risk group had PSA < 8 ng/mL and only two patients had GS above 7. In contrast, among high risk patients, 15 of them (19%) had PSA <8 ng/mL and 32 patients (41%) had GS above 7. 68% patients received ADT for ≤ 2 years. Furthermore, 89% (n=102) received radiotherapy with 69% of patients receiving dose of 60 Gy in 20 fractions while 31% got 70-76 Gy in 28-38 fractions. The patients who received hypofractionated dose, 14 % (n=10) developed grade 2 proctitis and 8% (n=6) developed grade 2 cystitis. In contrast, those who received conventional dose, only 3 patients developed grade 2 GI toxicity and 2 patients had grade 2 GU toxicity. 10 % patients (n=13) had biochemical failure while 12% (n=14) developed distal metastasis. 5 year overall survival for hypofractionated radiotherapy versus conventional dose was 100 % and 90% respectively with 95% CI and p= 0.3 (clinically insignificant), whereas 5 year disease free survival was 100 % and 75% for hypofractionation versus conventional EBRT respectively with 95% CI and p= 0.04 (clinically significant).
Conclusion:
Hypofractionated radiotherapy in patients with intermediate and high risk localized prostate cancer has better disease free survival at the expense of higher risk for proctitis and cystitis but no difference in overall survival as compared to conventional dose of radiation.
‘If I’m ill, I want you to do this...even if I tell you not’: A multi-perspective qualitative study exploring experiences of making ‘self-binding’ advance decisions with service users, carers, and clinicians
Authors: Stephenson L. A , Owen Gareth , Keene Alex Ruck , Rifkin Larry , Gergel Tania 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
There is increasing international interest in mental health advance decision-making (ADM) for people with episodic severe mental illness who are at high risk of experiencing mental capacity loss and distressing involuntary treatment when unwell. ‘Self-binding’ (SB), sometimes known as a Ulysses contract, involves making advance requests for involuntary treatment. It is the most ethically controversial form of ADM but one that policy makers and researchers must engage with as evidence suggests it is supported by service users. This study aims to inform debate and policy through exploring the experience of service users, carers and health professionals involved in making ADM documents which include provision for ‘self-binding’.
Methods
We recruited service users diagnosed with bipolar disorder, with experience of compulsory treatment and fluctuating mental capacity during severe episodes of illness. We conducted interviews with these service users plus supporting family members/friends and clinicians before and after drafting self-binding ADM (SB-ADM) documents. Interviews were thematically analysed by an interdisciplinary team.
Results
75 interviews were analysed. The sample comprised 15 service users, 14 family members/friends and 18 clinicians. Key themes were: self-binding, feeling oppressed, being mis/unheard, addressing trauma, losing mental capacity, risking hope, building alliance. Two outlying categories were identified: radical refusals and radical requests.
Conclusions
This is, to our knowledge, the first study of stakeholder experience of drafting SB-ADM. The findings illuminate the complex psychological context within which SB-ADM occurs and challenge assumptions found in conceptual literature that the driving motivation for self-binding is achieving personal autonomy. Instead, this study suggests stakeholders are more invested in relational autonomy - using collaborative SB-ADM to build alliance and preserve interpersonal systems challenged by episodes of illness. Crucially, the data highlighted the potential harms if service user advance decisions are not accessed or applied by clinicians. Future research should focus on developing health professional training which includes awareness of the enabling psychological factors for SB-ADM and longitudinal lived experience studies which explore SB-ADM outcomes.
Methodology to Evaluate CO2 Emissions of Light-Duty Vehicle for Real-World Driving from Multiple Laboratory Testing
Authors: Tan Dan , Tan Jianwei , Liu Ming , Xu Hualong , Ge Yunshan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The influence of CO2 on Earth’s climate warming is significant. To quantitatively evaluate CO2 emissions in different test cycles, eight China 6 light-duty vehicles were tested under WLTC, CLTC-P and one RDE test, respectively. This study indicated that the CO2 emissions in all three test cycles were influenced by factors such as test weight, vehicle shape, and transmission. Additionally, the RDE test was also affected by road traffic conditions and driving style. There was a strong linear correlation (R2 = 0.99) between the CO2 emissions of CLTC-P and WLTC. The coefficients for Low Speed and High Speed were greater than 1, while the coefficient for Medium Speed was less than 1. Vehicle speed was the primary factor influencing CO2 emissions at Low Speed, whereas acceleration was the main factor at Medium Speed. Furthermore, there was also a strong linear correlation (R2 = 0.99) between the CO2 emissions of RDE and WLTC/CLTC-P, with coefficients close to or exceeding 1. Comparatively, utilizing data from both WLTC and CLTC-P provided more consistent errors compared to using only the measured CO2 emissions from either test. Overall, the estimated CO2 emissions using all three methods remained within an acceptable range under the four conditions.
Can structure optimization of mining industry reduce carbon emission in China? Evidence from kernel density estimation and PVAR approach
Authors: Luo Dejiang , yi Tingting , wang Xingyue , liang Yuan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The mining sector, a significant component of the economy, is under intense pressure to cut carbon emissions in order to help China meet its targets of "carbon peaking" by 2030 and "carbon neutrality" before 2060. Mining carbon emissions are significantly influenced by technical advancement and mining activity intensity. The effect of mining industry industrial structure and energy structure on mining industry carbon emissions, however, has not yet been explored. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the association between the mining structure and carbon emissions. Kernel density estimation was used to analyze the dynamic evolution of mining industry carbon emission intensity in China and the eastern, central, and western regions; a Panel-VAR model was used to analyze the factors impacting the carbon emission intensity of the mining industry. Results revealed different downward trends in carbon emission intensity in China and the eastern and central regions, with the most obvious decline in mining industry emission intensity in the economically developed eastern region. At the national level, the percentage of large and medium-sized mines, the average production of individual mines, and the energy consumption structure of the mining industry are the key factors affecting the carbon emission intensity of the mining industry, but the degree of influence of these factors varies among different regions of China. Based on the findings, comprehensive policy recommendations are made to reduce carbon emissions in the Chinese mining industry.
Efficacy and Safety of HIP1601 (Dual Delayed-release Esomeprazole) 40mg in Erosive Esophagitis Compared to HGP1705 (Delayed-release Esomeprazole) 40mg: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Non-inferiority Study
Authors: Lim Hyun , Park Jong Kyu , Chung Hyunsoo , Lee Si Hyung , Park Jae Myung , Park Jung Ho , Kim Gwang Ha , Shin Sung Kwan , Hong Su Jin , Lee Kwang Jae , Park Moo In , Jung Hye-Kyung , Kim Hyun-Soo , Sung Jae Kyu , Jeon Seong Woo , Choi Suck Chei , Moon Jeong Seop , Kim Nayoung , Park Jong-Jae , Hong Sung Hee , Kim Na Young , Jung Hwoon-Yong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most effective drugs for treating acid-related disorders. However, once-daily dosing with conventional PPIs fail to fully control acid secretion over 24 h. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of HIP1601 (dual delayed-release esomeprazole) and HGP1705 (delayed-release esomeprazole) in patients with erosive esophagitis (EE).
Methods
We enrolled 213 patients with EE randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive 40 mg HIP1601 (n = 107) or HGP1705 (n = 106) once daily for 4 or 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was the EE healing rate, confirmed by endoscopy at week 8. GERD-related symptoms and treatment-emergent adverse events were compared between both groups.
Results
By week 8, the estimated healing rates of EE were 97.8% and 96.8% in the HIP1601 and HGP1705 groups, respectively, with a 95% confidence interval of -4.7 to 7.2. After 4 or 8 weeks of treatment, the EE healing rate at week 4, complete resolution rate of symptoms, time to sustained resolution of symptoms, and number of rescue medications used were similar in both groups. The proportion of heartburn- and acid regurgitation-free nights by week 4 were higher in the HIP1601 group compared to the HGP1705 group, but the difference did not reach clinical significance (87.7% vs. 85.8%, P = 0.514, 87.5% vs. 85.8%, P = 0.774). The number of adverse events did not differ significantly between the two groups.
Conclusions
The efficacy and safety of HIP1601 40 mg were comparable to those of HGP1705 40 mg for the treatment of EE and symptomatic improvement of GERD.
Trial registration
NCT04080726 (https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04080726), registration date: 06/09/2019
Synthesis of Chlorfenazole from o -Chlorobenzonitrile Extracted from Expired Tear-Gas Grenade
Authors: Hu Zhangyan , Zhang Faheng , Mao Yongyang , Li Chen , Chen Lei , Sun Fubing , Liu Dandan , Gu Yanlong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Tear gases were originally manufactured as weapons that could severely disable or kill enemy troops. Though banned in war, these chemicals are still used in domestic policing. Due to ammunition management rules, a large number of tear-gas grenades are scrapped every year and need to be safely destroyed. o-Chlorobenzonitrile (CS) is commonly used as the tear-inducing agent in tear-gas grenade. Herein, we report a novel method to valorize waste CS. It includes (i) extraction of CS from expired tear gas grenade, and (ii) a Lewis acid-catalyzed reaction of CS and o-phenylenediamine to synthesize chlorfenazole, a commercialized benzimidazole-based drug used to treat intestinal nematodoses.
Study on micromolecular mechanical properties of C-atom reinforced SBR polymer composites
Authors: Chen Hongyue , Liu Siyuan , Fan Jingdao , Li Pengfei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A three-layer microscopic model with Fe atoms as the top and bottom layer and SBR polymer composites as the middle layer and SBR polymer composite was established and studied. By adding C atoms as reinforcement, the stabilityand elastic modulus and frictional coefficient changes of SBR polymer composites before and after adding C atoms were studied. In this study, the molecular dynamics method was used to change of elastic modulus was observed by stretching, compression and shear of the SBR polymer composite; The simulation shows that after adding C atom the elastic modulus of SBR polymer composite increased, the friction coefficient of polymer composite upper and lower decreases and the relative atomsic concentration, temperature, velocity, overall temperature average, kinetic energy, total energy and MSD in the thickness direction are reduced after adding C atoms. The stability of SBR polymer composites is enhanced, and the deformation under shear is weakened. In addition, it is found that the binding energy between SBR polymer composites and Fe atoms is reduced after adding C atoms.The stability of SBR polymer composites is improved during use.This work provides a method for studying the properties of rubber composites by studying the enhancement of the stability of SBR polymer composites from the microscopic point of view.
Constant and Variable Heat Shock Effects on Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Mortality and Biological Traits in the Context of Climate Change
Authors: Bicer Erinç Celik , Sak Olga , Er Aylin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
One of the most significant global challenges is the rising temperatures attributed to climate change and the increasing presence of pest insects. The changes in the biological characteristics of invasive and harmful insect species due to continuously rising temperatures endanger various ecosystems, especially agriculture. The effects of different heat shocks (constant and variable) on the life history traits and mortality rates of the great wax moth Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were examined to better understand the lethality and physiological impacts of global warming. The research indicates that higher temperatures lead to a shorter life span and as the exposure to constant temperature increases, the mortality rate of insects rises. For G. mellonella subjected to constant heat shock, LTemp50,99 was determined as 42.645 and 45.137°C. In constant heat shock, the larval spinning was prolonged, pupal time, pupal period, and adult emergence time were shortened. Under this heat shock, matured individuals’ weights remained largely unaltered besides longevity and fecundity of the adult population reducing. In variable heat shock, while the larval spinning and pupal period were unaffected, pupal time and adult emergence time were shortened. Additionally, adult’s weights maturing under variable heat shock was unaffected besides longevity significantly shortening and fecundity fluctuating. This study predominantly addresses the interplay between elevated temperatures and harmful insects, depending on the type of heat shock exposure, highlighting the consequences of climate change and global warming on physiological attributes and mortality patterns within G. mellonella.
Sciatica caused by spinal epidural abscess as the initial clinical presentation of colon cancer: a rare case report and review of literature
Authors: Lu Kuan-Yu , Chiang Chang-Jung , Hsieh Yueh-Ying , Chen Chia-Hsien , Lee Mei Hui , Yen Min-Hsuan , Lu Po-Wen , Wu Lien-Chen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed forms of cancer, and it is associated with several common symptoms and signs. Sciatica is not considered one of these. However, in this article, we present a case of colorectal cancer manifesting symptoms of sciatica alone. The sciatica was the result of a spinal epidural abscess caused by the pathogen Streptococcus gallolyticus diagnosed by intraoperative pus culture. Although without typical signs of colorectal cancer, the presence of this pathogen prompted further tumor evaluation, ultimately leading to the discovery of a sigmoid adenocarcinoma. In rare cases, sciatica caused by S. gallolyticus infection of the spinal epidural space may serve as the initial presentation of colorectal cancer. Physicians should be aware of the strong association between S. gallolyticus and colorectal cancer. Based on what we currently know about the condition, we recommend a systematic assessment of occult neoplasia for patients with S. gallolyticus infection.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts exosomes promote prostate cancer metastasis through miR-500a-3p/FBXW7/HSF1 axis under hypoxic microenvironment
Authors: Niu Yinong , Liu Zhanliang , Lin Zhemin , Jiang Mingxin , Zhu Guangyi , Xiong Tianyu , Cao Fang , Cui Yun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of deaths in prostate cancer (PCa). However, the mechanisms of PCa metastasis remain unknown. In this study, severe hypoxia was identified in primary lesions of metastasis PCa (mPCa). The exosomes secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) significantly promoted PCa metastasis in vitro and in vivo. miRNA sequencing analysis and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) experiments indicated miR-500a-3p was significantly increased in CAFs exosomes under hypoxia. RT-qPCR, western blotting, and dual luciferase reporter assays were used to identify FBXW7 was a target of miR-500a-3p. Using immunohistochemistry, we found a decrease in FBXW7 expression with PCa progression, while there was an increase in HSF1 expression. After FXBW7 plasmid transfection, the metastasis ability was suppressed and HSF1 expression significantly decreased in PCa cells. These data indicated that CAFs exosomes promote PCa metastasis through miR-500a-3p/FBXW7/HSF1 axis under hypoxic microenvironment. Targeting hypoxia or exosomal miR-500a-3pmay provide a potential treatment strategy for the management of PCa.
Thala_screen/lintas – Developing a Mobile Application to Identify Screening Targets in the Extended Family of Thalassemia
Authors: Susanah Susi , Sari Nur Melani , Rakhmilla Lulu Eva , Febrianti Sindy Amalia , Permana Dea Aprilianti , Winyarti Winyarti 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Thalassemia poses a double burden on medical care and healthcare financing. Due to the high prevalence and the number of affected people which tends to increase in Indonesia, a national prevention and control program is the best rational approach to be implemented. Tailoring to limited resources, screening through the cascade method within extended families with thalassemia patients as index cases seems to be an appropriate approach. To address this, the Thala_screen/LINTAS mobile application was developed as a tool to determine screening targets within extended families with index cases.
Methods
The development of the application followed four phases. Firstly, content creation involved literature research, discussions with five experts, and pedigree design. Secondly, a trial phase by a forum group discussion was conducted with 30 subjects to evaluate the application's acceptability and user experience through quantitative and qualitative research. Thirdly, content validation was performed using an assessment sheet, which was reviewed by the experts twice. Lastly, a usability study was conducted with 25 parents of thalassemia patients at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, using ABCs questionnaires after using the application.
Results
The application's content data was aligned with its objectives, including family demographic data presented in a pedigree chart. The initial dataset included thalassemia registry data. Quantitative research showed an 80.25% acceptability rate, while qualitative research indicated that the application provided was relevant, useful, and presented in an appealing format. However, accessibility received an unsatisfactory response initially, which improved after reevaluation, raising the total validity index from 0.63 to 0.86. The usability study revealed favorable mean scores for the action (2.92) and behavior (0.85) sections, indicating the subjects' interest and ease of using the application.
Conclusion
This study showed that the Thala_screen mobile application was an acceptable and feasible tool for identifying thalassemia carrier screening targets in extended families.
Mediating effects of family management on health-related quality of life of Indonesian parents whose children with leukemia
Authors: Arifah Siti , Pookboonmee Renu , Patoomwan Autchareeya , Kittidumrongsuk Prasong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is one indicator of successful treatment of children's leukemia. It was influenced by many factors, including family management, one of the family variables. According to the family management framework, family management is a mediator that mediates between several factors and the health-related quality of life of children with specific diseases. This study aimed to evaluate mediating effects of family management on the relationship between several contextual influences and pediatric HRQoL of families with leukemia children in Indonesia. Methods This cross-sectional study involved parents of children with leukemia during active treatment recruited by purposive sampling from three hospitals in Java Island, Indonesia, starting from January 2021 to May 2022. Parents answered the questionnaire and interview to evaluate family management, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ Cancer Module (PedsQL-C) to measure children’ HRQoL, the Multidimensional Illness Severity Questionnaire used to investigate the disease severity, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support to assess the social support. Descriptive statistics and path analysis were used to analyze family management as a mediator between family income, family structure, social support, geographic location, age of child, severity of disease, and HRQoL as the response variable. Results Based on 202 parents who completed the questionnaire found that social support and the severity of the disease significantly influenced both components of family management. Social support positively affected Easy Family Management (EFM) (β = .330, p = .000), while the severity of disease negatively influenced EFM (β = − .342, p = .000). In contrast, social support negatively affected Difficulty in Family Management (DFM) (β = − .137, p = .006), and severity of disease positively influenced DFM (β = .384, p = .000). Moreover, both of EFM and DFM had mediated the only relationship between severity of disease and health-related quality of life with p-value < 0.05. Conclusion This study partially supported the Family Management Style Framework. Social support and family management as modifiable factors should be adjusted to develop specific interventions and strategies to improve the quality of life of children.