bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the effects of incremental and snowplow techniques on the mechanical properties of composite restorations
Authors: Ölçer Us Y , Aydınoğlu A , Erşahan Ş , Erdem Hepşenoğlu Y , Sağır K , Üşümez A 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundGlass fibre‐reinforced composite (GFRC) has the potential to enhance the mechanical properties of resin‐based restorations. Nevertheless, the application technique can influence the cervical margin porosity, potentially reducing the mechanical strength of restorations.MethodsIn an in vitro setup, mould specimens underwent six different treatments to assess the effects of snowplow and incremental curing techniques on the properties of GFRC (EverX) and universal resin composite (Filtek). Mechanical properties, namely flexural strength (FS), compressive strength (CS) and Vickers hardness (VH), were evaluated following ISO 4049 standards. Data interpretation utilized the Kruskal–Wallis tests.ResultsNo significant difference emerged across groups for FS. CS in the snowplow method with lesser EverX thickness (SnPl_1) was comparable with only EverX and Filtek (P > 0.05). The CS was reduced in the snowplow technique with greater EverX thickness (SnPl_2) (P < 0.05) and further decreased with the incremental method (P < 0.001). VH results showed that EverX Posterior was consistently softer than Filtek, with specific patterns of hardness variations among different application methods.ConclusionsApplying EverX and Filtek using the snowplow technique delivers superior CS and VH for restorations in contrast to the incremental method. Utilizing the snowplow approach in high‐stress areas can make restorations more fracture‐resistant.
Ecosystem stability of temperate grasslands in response to variability of hydrological conditions
Authors: Lara Bruno , Vercelli Natalia , Entraigas Ilda , Scaramuzzino Rosa , Gandini Marcelo , Salese Sofía , Goyenetche Juan Manuel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe relationship between biodiversity and the stability of ecosystem functioning over time has been widely studied. The current global context has refloated this topic for biodiversity's role in buffering the effects of different disturbances. In general, the results of these studies show that ecosystem functioning is more stable over time in more diverse systems. However, these results are derived from empirical research on small‐scale studies, where species and disturbances conditions are manipulated. In this work, we used climate and floristic information data obtained from surveys over an extended period on Flooding Pampa grasslands (Argentina) with a remotely sensed indicator of the stability of net primary productivity at a regional scale over a broad temporal range to evaluate the relationship between species diversity and the stability of ecosystem functioning under different water conditions. We found a close correlation between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index responses of natural grasslands and climate variability in the study area. Besides, grasslands with higher species richness and diversity showed greater stability in ecosystem functioning at different water conditions. The results obtained could be relevant in natural resource management for the close relationship between diversity–stability in a local and regional productive context characterized by a simplified landscape of space and time.
Low‐pass whole genome sequencing is a reliable and cost‐effective approach for copy number variant analysis in the clinical setting
Authors: Mazzonetto Patricia C. , Villela Darine , da Costa Silvia Souza , Krepischi Ana C. V. , Milanezi Fernanda , Migliavacca Michele P. , Pierry Paulo M. , Bonaldi Adriano , Almeida Luiz Gustavo D. , De Souza Camila Alves , Kroll José Eduardo , Paula Marcelo G. , Guarischi‐Sousa Rodrigo , Scapulatempo‐Neto Cristovam , Rosenberg Carla 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionNext generation sequencing technology has greatly reduced the cost and time required for sequencing a genome. An approach that is rapidly being adopted as an alternative method for CNV analysis is the low‐pass whole genome sequencing (LP‐WGS). Here, we evaluated the performance of LP‐WGS to detect copy number variants (CNVs) in clinical cytogenetics.Materials and MethodsDNA samples with known CNVs detected by chromosomal microarray analyses (CMA) were selected for comparison and used as positive controls; our panel included 44 DNA samples (12 prenatal and 32 postnatal), comprising a total of 55 chromosome imbalances. The selected cases were chosen to provide a wide range of clinically relevant CNVs, the vast majority being associated with intellectual disability or recognizable syndromes. The chromosome imbalances ranged in size from 75 kb to 90.3 Mb, including aneuploidies and two cases of mosaicism.ResultsAll CNVs were successfully detected by LP‐WGS, showing a high level of consistency and robust performance of the sequencing method. Notably, the size of chromosome imbalances detected by CMA and LP‐WGS were compatible between the two different platforms, which indicates that the resolution and sensitivity of the LP‐WGS approach are at least similar to those provided by CMA.DiscussionOur data show the potential use of LP‐WGS to detect CNVs in clinical diagnosis and confirm the method as an alternative for chromosome imbalances detection. The diagnostic effectiveness and feasibility of LP‐WGS, in this technical validation study, were evidenced by a clinically representative dataset of CNVs that allowed a systematic assessment of the detection power and the accuracy of the sequencing approach. Further, since the software used in this study is commercially available, the method can easily be tested and implemented in a routine diagnostic setting.
Nomenclature of allergic diseases and hypersensitivity reactions: Adapted to modern needs: An EAACI position paper
Authors: Jutel Marek , Agache Ioana , Zemelka‐Wiacek Magdalena , Akdis Mübeccel , Chivato Tomás , del Giacco Stefano , Gajdanowicz Pawel , Gracia Ibon Eguiluz , Klimek Ludger , Lauerma Antti , Ollert Markus , O'Mahony Liam , Schwarze Jürgen , Shamji Mohamed H. , Skypala Isabel , Palomares Oscar , Pfaar Oliver , Torres Maria Jose , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Cruz Alvaro A. , Durham Stephen R. , Galli Stephen J. , Gómez R. Maximiliano , Guttman‐Yassky Emma , Haahtela Tari , Holgate Stephen T. , Izuhara Kenji , Kabashima Kenji , Larenas‐Linnemann Désirée E. , von Mutius Erica , Nadeau Kari C. , Pawankar Ruby , Platts‐Mills Tomas A. E. , Sicherer Scott H. , Park Hae‐Sim , Vieths Stefan , Wong Gary , Zhang Luo , Bilò M. Beatrice , Akdis Cezmi A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe exponential growth of precision diagnostic tools, including omic technologies, molecular diagnostics, sophisticated genetic and epigenetic editing, imaging and nano‐technologies and patient access to extensive health care, has resulted in vast amounts of unbiased data enabling in‐depth disease characterization. New disease endotypes have been identified for various allergic diseases and triggered the gradual transition from a disease description focused on symptoms to identifying biomarkers and intricate pathogenetic and metabolic pathways. Consequently, the current disease taxonomy has to be revised for better categorization. This European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Position Paper responds to this challenge and provides a modern nomenclature for allergic diseases, which respects the earlier classifications back to the early 20th century. Hypersensitivity reactions originally described by Gell and Coombs have been extended into nine different types comprising antibody‐ (I‐III), cell‐mediated (IVa‐c), tissue‐driven mechanisms (V‐VI) and direct response to chemicals (VII). Types I‐III are linked to classical and newly described clinical conditions. Type IVa‐c are specified and detailed according to the current understanding of T1, T2 and T3 responses. Types V‐VI involve epithelial barrier defects and metabolic‐induced immune dysregulation, while direct cellular and inflammatory responses to chemicals are covered in type VII. It is notable that several combinations of mixed types may appear in the clinical setting. The clinical relevance of the current approach for allergy practice will be conferred in another article that will follow this year, aiming at showing the relevance in clinical practice where various endotypes can overlap and evolve over the lifetime.
Homonationalism on the Defensive: News Media Responses to Nationalist Anti‐LGBTQ Attacks in Sweden
Authors: Lagerman Julia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExamining how gender and sexuality norms are expressed through nationalist ideology, this article argues that homonationalist hegemony is being reinforced through media representations of nationalist social movements attacking LGBTQ people, events, and symbols. The argument builds on a critical discourse analysis of 320 newspaper articles published between 2016 and 2020. The discourses in the material manifest how the neo‐Nazi groups the Nordic Resistance Movement (NRM) and Nordic Youth (NY), as well as the nationalist party Sweden Democrats (SD), have respectively been represented as threats to Swedish national unity in media due to their anti‐LGBTQ attacks or statements. The analysis concludes that nationalism is reproduced through struggles over its symbolic expressions, especially through changing articulations of who belongs to the nation and who constitutes its “Others”. The symbolism of gendered and sexual norms is crucial to these struggles, as the evolvements of homonationalist discourse highlights the struggle to define national unity.
Clinical effectiveness of routine first‐trimester combined screening for pre‐eclampsia in Spain with the addition of placental growth factor
Authors: Garcia‐Manau Pablo , Bonacina Erika , Serrano Berta , Caamiña Sara , Ricart Marta , Lopez‐Quesada Eva , Vives Àngels , Lopez Monica , Pintado Elena , Maroto Anna , Catalan Sara , Dalmau Marta , Del Barco Ester , Hernandez Alina , Miserachs Marta , San Jose Marta , Armengol‐Alsina Mireia , Carreras Elena , Mendoza Manel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionPre‐eclampsia affects 2%–8% of pregnancies and is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. First‐trimester screening using an algorithm that combines maternal characteristics, mean arterial blood pressure, uterine artery pulsatility index and biomarkers (pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A and placental growth factor) is the method that achieves a greater diagnostic accuracy. It has been shown that daily salicylic acid administration before 16 weeks in women at a high risk for pre‐eclampsia can reduce the incidence of preterm pre‐eclampsia. However, no previous studies have evaluated the impact of routine first‐trimester combined screening for pre‐eclampsia with placental growth factor after being implemented in the clinical practice.Material and methodsThis was a multicenter cohort study conducted in eight different maternities across Spain. Participants in the reference group were prospectively recruited between October 2015 and September 2017. Participants in the study group were retrospectively recruited between March 2019 and May 2021. Pre‐eclampsia risk was calculated between 11+0 and 13+6 weeks using the Gaussian algorithm combining maternal characteristics, mean arterial pressure, uterine arteries pulsatility index, pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A and placental growth factor. Patients with a risk greater than 1/170 were prescribed daily salicylic acid 150 mg until 36 weeks. Patients in the reference group did not receive salicylic acid during gestation.ResultsA significant reduction was observed in preterm pre‐eclampsia (OR 0.47; 95% CI: 0.30–0.73), early‐onset (<34 weeks) pre‐eclampsia (OR 0.35; 95% CI: 0.16–0.77), preterm small for gestational age newborn (OR 0.57; 95% CI: 0.40–0.82), spontaneous preterm birth (OR 0.72; 95% CI: 0.57–0.90), and admission to intensive care unit (OR 0.55; 95% CI: 0.37–0.81). A greater treatment adherence resulted in a significant reduction in adverse outcomes.ConclusionsRoutine first‐trimester screening for pre‐eclampsia with placental growth factor leads to a reduction in preterm pre‐eclampsia and other pregnancy complications. Aspirin treatment compliance has a great impact on the effectiveness of this screening program.
Neurodevelopmental problems, general health and academic achievements in a school‐based cohort of 11‐year‐old Swedish children
Authors: Landgren Valdemar , Svensson Leif , Törnhage Carl‐Johan , Theodosious Michail , Gillberg Christopher , Johnson Mats , Knez Rajna , Landgren Magnus 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimAssessing rates of neurodevelopmental problems (NDPs) in 11‐year‐old children and possible association with other health complaints and school performance.MethodsIn‐school study of 11‐year‐old children as an add‐on assessment to the 4th grade regular health check‐up, comprising a structured physical neurodevelopmental examination, neuropsychological assessment, behavioural ratings, maternal interview, review of medical records and academic achievements.ResultsOut of 348 children recruited from eight schools, 223 (64%) participated. Any physical condition was found in 102/222 (46%), most commonly atopy (18%). One in five had a BMI z‐score >2 standard deviations over the reference mean. One or more NDP was found in 86/221 (40%) children. The number of failed national tests correlated positively with NDP severity rated with the clinical global impression severity instrument (Spearman's r = 0.41, p < 0.001). The majority of participants with failed national tests, also had co‐occurring health complaints (≥2 of: stomach or extremity ache, headache, difficulties sleeping, internalising symptoms or obesity) and NDPs.ConclusionHealth complaints, physical conditions and NDPs are very common in 11‐year‐old children and warrant adequately staffed, thoroughly equipped school healthcare services.
China's Leninist State and strategic relations with the United States: Chiang's KMT in Nanjing Decade and implications for the Chinese Communist Party after 1949
Authors: Chen Dean P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article revisits Chiang Kai‐shek's Kuomintang (KMT) party‐state during the Nanjing Decade (1927–37) of the Republic of China (ROC) and assesses how the actions and ideological propensities of the Nationalist regime affected prewar China's external relations with the United States. While both the KMT and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) were constituted as Leninist parties in the 1920s, due to the Soviet Union's military and economic aid for Sun Yat‐sen's republican revolution, they had very different political objectives and socioeconomic perspectives on China's state/nation‐building. Consequently, the KMT's and CCP's respective attitudes towards the United States also differed. Though Leninism is an antithesis to Western liberal democracy, it is not inevitable for a Leninist dictatorship to engage in confrontations with Washington, as the central leadership's inclinations and actions would determine how China approaches America. Chiang's Confucian Leninism opened up the friendly ties with the United States in 1928, which eventually consolidated into a strong U.S.‐ROC alliance during WWII and beyond, despite the KMT's autocracy. The essay will contrast briefly with the post‐1949 People's Republic of China (PRC), as the CCP experienced from Mao Zedong's radical Leninism, Deng Xiaoping/Jiang Zemin/Hu Jintao's consultative Leninism, to Xi Jinping's expansionist Leninism today. The evolving CCP positions have also affected the extent of cooperation and hostility between Beijing and Washington and illustrated how the changing attributes of the Chinese Leninist regime are crucial in determining U.S.‐PRC strategic trajectories.
Impact of the geopolitical status quo vis‐à‐vis the Rohingya crisis on the social, economic, and political aspects of Bangladesh
Authors: Zahed Iqthyer Uddin Md 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe long‐standing Rohingya crisis has become complicated due to geopolitical complexities, and more than a million Rohingya refugees remain stranded in Bangladesh. This situation has had a dramatic impact on Bangladesh. Shortages of international funding exacerbate the situation further, and a regional security threat could be created if the current situation continues unabated. The empirical research undertaken in this paper examines the impact of the Rohingya refugees on the social, economic, and political aspects of Bangladesh from a micro level perspective. This study follows a qualitative research methodology that uses analysis of documents and analytical interpretations of 20 in‐depth interviews from Bangladesh. Environmental destruction and the government's dilemma with controlling law and order are apparent consequences of the Rohingya influx. Competition in the labor market, economic hardships, acquiring land, and deforestation create a conflict between the host community and the Rohingya refugee group. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Small rodent population cycles and plants – after 70 years, where do we go?
Authors: Soininen Eeva M. , Neby Magne 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTSmall rodent population cycles characterise northern ecosystems, and the cause of these cycles has been a long‐lasting central topic in ecology, with trophic interactions currently considered the most plausible cause. While some researchers have rejected plant–herbivore interactions as a cause of rodent cycles, others have continued to research their potential roles. Here, we present an overview of whether plants can cause rodent population cycles, dividing this idea into four different hypotheses with different pathways of plant impacts and related assumptions. Our systematic review of the existing literature identified 238 studies from 150 publications. This evidence base covered studies from the temperate biome to the tundra, but the studies were scattered across study systems and only a few specific topics were addressed in a replicated manner. Quantitative effects of rodents on vegetation was the best studied topic, and our evidence base suggests such that such effects may be most pronounced in winter. However, the regrowth of vegetation appears to take place too rapidly to maintain low rodent population densities over several years. The lack of studies prevented assessment of time lags in the qualitative responses of vegetation to rodent herbivory. We conclude that the literature is currently insufficient to discard with confidence any of the four potential hypotheses for plant–rodent cycles discussed herein. While new methods allow analyses of plant quality across more herbivore‐relevant spatial scales than previously possible, we argue that the best way forward to rejecting any of the rodent–plant hypotheses is testing specific predictions of dietary variation. Indeed, all identified hypotheses make explicit assumptions on how rodent diet taxonomic composition and quality will change across the cycle. Passing this bottleneck could help pinpoint where, when, and how plant–herbivore interactions have – or do not have – plausible effects on rodent population dynamics.
Near‐infrared photoimmunotherapy in the models of hepatocellular carcinomas using cetuximab‐IR700
Authors: Takao Seiichiro , Fukushima Hiroshi , King A. Paden , Kato Takuya , Furusawa Aki , Okuyama Shuhei , Kano Makoto , Choyke Peter L. , Escorcia Freddy E. , Kobayashi Hisataka 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has emerged as an important therapeutic target in many cancers, and overexpression of EGFR is frequently observed in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Near‐infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR‐PIT) is a new anticancer treatment that selectively damages the cell membrane of cancer cells after NIR light‐induced photochemical reaction of IR700, which is bound to a targeting antibody on the cell membrane. NIR‐PIT using cetuximab‐IR700 has already been approved in Japan, is under review by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for advanced head and neck cancers, and its safety has been established. However, EGFR has not been investigated as a target in NIR‐PIT in HCCs. Here, we investigate the application of NIR‐PIT using cetuximab‐IR700 to HCCs using xenograft mouse models of EGFR‐expressing HCC cell lines, Hep3B, HuH‐7, and SNU‐449. In vitro NIR‐PIT using EGFR‐targeted cetuximab‐IR700 killed cells in a NIR light dose‐dependent manner. In vivo NIR‐PIT resulted in a delayed growth compared with untreated controls. In addition, in vivo NIR‐PIT in both models showed histological signs of cancer cell damage, such as cytoplasmic vacuolation and nuclear dysmorphism. A significant decrease in Ki‐67 positivity was also observed after NIR‐PIT, indicating decreased cancer cell proliferation. This study suggests that NIR‐PIT using cetuximab‐IR700 has potential for the treatment of EGFR‐expressing HCCs.
A tale of two Youth Expert Groups (YEGs): Learnings from youth activism in research in India and Brazil
Authors: Krishnamurthy Sukanya , Chan Loritta , Powell Mary Ann , Tisdall E. Kay M. , Rizzini Irene , Nuggehalli Roshni K. , Tauro Alicia , Palavalli Bharath 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper explores how research advisory groups can be a vehicle for youth activism. It draws on our experiences with young activists, aged 15–26 years, in India and Brazil, who were advisors on a research project focused on youth livelihoods in cities. These young people played a vital role in supporting youth researchers, identifying research themes and developing engagement and advocacy strategies. Through this paper, we explore how the Youth Expert Group advisory model evolved differently in each location and examine how these were shaped by the context, the ‘adult’ research team and the youth activists themselves. A critically reflexive response in intergenerational partnership is essential to support youth activists in research activities.
Clinical accuracy of partially guided implant placement in edentulous patients: A computed tomography‐based retrospective study
Authors: Wang Baixiang , Yang Jiakang , Siow Lixuen , Wang Yu , Zhang Xinyue , Zhou Yiqun , Yu Mengfei , Wang Huiming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis retrospective study was intended to evaluate the clinical accuracy of partially guided template in guiding implant placement in edentulous patients.MethodsA total of 120 implants were placed in 24 patients with at least one completely edentulous arch with a partially guided system. Based on CBCT data, a repeatable method was used to measure linear and angular deviations of implants at 3D level in Mimics medical software. The influence of supporting tissue and implant region on the accuracy was assessed, followed by the evaluation of direction of linear deviations in biologically vital areas.ResultsLinear deviations of all implants were 1.91 ± 0.68 mm, 1.47 ± 0.68 mm, and 1.02 ± 0.69 mm at apical, apical lateral, and apical vertical levels. When at the cervical, cervical lateral, and cervical vertical levels, the linear deviations were 1.53 ± 0.65 mm, 0.98 ± 0.53 mm, and 1.01 ± 0.69 mm, respectively. Angular deviation of all implants was 7.14 ± 3.41°. Implants guided by mucosa + tooth‐supported templates showed higher linear deviations at apical vertical level (1.21 ± 0.72 mm vs. 0.86 ± 0.63 mm, p < .05) and cervical vertical level (1.18 ± 0.72 mm vs. 0.87 ± 0.63 mm, p < .05) than mucosa‐supported templates, and implants in maxilla were found higher angular deviation than mandible (7.89 ± 3.61° vs. 6.29 ± 2.97°, p < .05).ConclusionsThe partially guided template served as clinically viable surgical assistance in implant placement in edentulous patients. When using mucosa + tooth‐supported template or placing implants in maxilla, more caution was required, especially in biologically vital areas.