bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Exergaming on Frailty: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ho Lily Yuen Wah , Tse Jodie Hau Yi , Chan Wayne Lap Sun , Cheung Daphne Sze Ki 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo evaluate the effects of exergaming on physical frailty in older adults.DesignSystematic review with meta‐analysis.MethodsSix electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled trials evaluating the effects of exergaming on frailty in older adults. Data were synthesised using narrative synthesis and meta‐analysis. The risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence were assessed.Data SourcesCINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database were searched from their inception through February 2024.ResultsFive studies (n = 391) were included. Exergaming, which was delivered in 20–36 sessions over 8–12 weeks, resulted in improvements in frailty scores and indices, frailty status, and frailty phenotypes, including exhaustion, low physical activity levels, gait speed, and muscle weakness over time. There was no effect on unintentional weight loss. Meta‐analyses showed that the effects of exergaming were not significantly different from those observed in the control groups. The rate of adherence to the intervention of the exergaming group was slightly higher than that of the comparison group (87.3%–87.7% vs. 81.1%–85.4%). The overall risk of bias was high in all studies. The certainty of the evidence was very low.ConclusionExergaming exerts effects on frailty comparable to those of conventional physical exercises. Participants appeared to have better adherence to exergaming. Future studies with robust designs are warranted.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareWith effects comparable to those of conventional physical exercises, exergaming could be considered in clinical settings to address frailty.ImpactThis review addressed the effects of exergaming on frailty instead of physical outcomes. Exergaming was comparable to conventional physical exercises in improving frailty scores and indices, frailty status, and four frailty phenotypes. The findings provide insights to healthcare providers on the design of exergames.Reporting MethodPRISMA guidelines.Protocol RegistrationPROSPERO number: CRD42023460495.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.
Shear bond strength of vat photopolymerization additive‐manufactured zirconia to veneering ceramic
Authors: Zhu Yue , Zhai Zidi , Jiao Ting , Sun Jian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP) manufactured, and computer numerical control (CNC) milled zirconia to veneering ceramic.Materials and MethodsRectangular shaped zirconia substrates (10 × 5 × 5 mm3) were manufactured through SLA, DLP, and CNC technology separately. Their surface roughness was measured and the surface topography was analyzed by atomic force microscope (AFM). Then the veneering ceramic (5 × 5 × 5 mm3) was applied to carry out the SBS test. Failure modes were examined by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The data of SBS and roughness were statistically analyzed with one‐way ANOVA followed by S‐N‐K post hoc comparisons (a = 0.05).ResultsThe surface roughness of the SLA group (0.38 ± 0.03 µm) and the DLP group (0.37 ± 0.04 µm) were both significantly higher than the CNC group (0.16 ± 0.00 µm) (p < 0.001). AFM results revealed irregular surface of SLA and DLP zirconia. No significant difference was found in SBS value of the three groups (p = 0.253). SEM image showed different failure modes including cohesive, adhesive, and mixed failure.ConclusionThe bonding ability of SLA and DLP zirconia to veneering ceramic were comparable with that of CNC zirconia.
Co‐Producing Peritoneal Dialysis Nursing Sensitive Indicators for Quality Care: A Multinational Consensus Building Design
Authors: Baillie Jessica , Bonner Ann , Guillouet Sonia , Mikut Cornelia , Punzalan Sally , Kaczmarek Anna , Wenzyl Lawrence Climaco , Finderup Jeanette 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundNursing sensitive indicators are a way of measuring aspects of patient care that are most affected by the actions of the nurse. Despite the existence of nursing sensitive indicators, these are largely not suitable to measure peritoneal dialysis nursing practice.ObjectiveThis project aimed to co‐develop a set of peritoneal dialysis nursing‐sensitive indicators.DesignInformed by the Donabedian quality framework (structure, process, outcome), a multinational co‐production consensus design was used.Participants and MeasurementsFirst, an expert panel of seven professionals proposed potential indicators from clinical expertise and examining peer‐reviewed articles and clinical guidelines. Next, the expert panel undertook a consensus building process involving face‐to‐face meetings and online discussion to refine the indicators. Lastly indicator confirmation was undertaken using a 5‐point rating scale involving delegates at a major conference.ResultsThe initial indicator proposal, based on evidence and clinical experience, identified 65 potential indicators (20 structural, 22 process and 23 outcome). The consensus process involved discussion and negotiation to reduce the potential indicators to 28 (eight structural, 12 process and eight outcome). Confirmation involved 25 nurses with all 28 indicators supported (all > 3.5/5). Indicators highly supported were patient satisfaction, fluid balance assessment, peritoneal dialysis catheter exit‐site, clinical signs measurement, peritonitis investigation, peritoneal dialysis catheter complications referral and infection rates.ConclusionFollowing further validity, reliability and feasibility testing, these nursing sensitive indicators can be used to measure the quality of peritoneal dialysis nursing care provided for patients and families.
Self‐Normalized KPSS Tests With Power Enhancement
Authors: Peng‐Zhou JunYi , Song Xiaojun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMuch research has focused on testing the null hypothesis of stationarity against the unit root alternative. In this paper, we propose a novel class of self‐normalized KPSS tests without needing a consistent estimation of the long‐run variance. Under persistent autocorrelation, the widely used heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent long‐run variance estimator proposed by Newey and West [Econometrica (1987) Vol. 55, pp. 703–708], Newey and West [The Review of Economic Studies (1994) Vol. 61, pp. 631–653], and Andrews [Econometrica (1991) Vol. 59, pp. 817–858] may not be reliable and often lead to tests with size distortions and power losses in finite samples. In addition, the practitioner has to choose the truncation lag that is ultimately arbitrary. To improve the finite sample performance of the stationarity tests and make them robust to realistic amounts of dependence, we propose the use of self‐normalizing methods, for example, the range‐based self‐normalization by Hong et al. [Journal of Econometrics (2024) Vol. 238, 105603] and the fixed‐ asymptotics by Kiefer and Vogelsang [Econometric Theory (2005) Vol. 21, pp. 1130–1164] and Amsler, Schmidt, and Vogelsang [Journal of Time Series Econometrics (2009) Vol. 1, pp. 1–44], to control the effect of the long‐run variance. The self‐normalized tests are inconsistent in that, under the unit root alternative, they do not diverge as the sample size approaches infinity. To recover the consistency of the tests, we devise a mechanism similar to the power enhancement mechanism proposed by Fan, Liao, and Yao [Econometrica (2015) Vol. 83, pp. 1497–1541]. Under the null hypothesis, this mechanism is asymptotically negligible. However, under the alternative hypothesis, the mechanism diverges as the sample size increases. We show that this mechanism also enhances the power of the self‐normalized stationarity tests. A simulation study and an empirical application demonstrate the merits of the approach advocated.
Reinforcement learning‐based trajectory planning for continuous digging of excavator working devices in trenching tasks
Authors: Tan X. , Wei W. , Liu C. , Cheng K. , Wang Y. , Yao Z. , Huang Q. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper addresses the challenge of real‐time, continuous trajectory planning for autonomous excavation. A hybrid method combining particle swarm optimization (PSO) and reinforcement learning (RL) is proposed. First, three types of excavation trajectories are defined for different geometric shapes of the digging area. Then, an excavation trajectory optimization method based on the PSO algorithm is established, resulting in optimal trajectories, the sensitive parameters, and the corresponding variation ranges. Second, an RL model is built, and the optimization results obtained offline are used as training samples. The RL‐based method can be applied for continuous digging tasks, which is beneficial for improving the overall efficiency of the autonomous operation of the excavator. Finally, simulation experiments were conducted in four distinct conditions. The results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively accomplishes excavation tasks, with trajectory generation completed within 0.5 s. Comprehensive performance metrics remained below 0.14, and the excavation rate exceeded 92%, surpassing or matching the performance of the optimization‐based method and PINN‐based method. Moreover, the proposed method produced consistently balanced trajectory performance across all sub‐tasks. These results underline the method's effectiveness in achieving real‐time, multi‐objective, and continuous trajectory planning for autonomous excavators.
The Effects of Pranayama and Deep Breathing Exercises on Pain and Sleep Quality After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Kurt Elif , Yayla Ayşegül 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present research is to determine the effects of pranayama and deep breathing exercises applied to patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy on shoulder pain and sleep quality. The research was conducted at the General Surgery Clinics of the University of Health Sciences, Van Training and Research Hospital between March 2023 and June 2024. The study was carried out using a pretest‐posttest control group randomized controlled experimental trial design. A total of 66 patients (22 in the pranayama group, 22 in the deep breathing group, and 22 in the control group) were included in the study. The research data were collected using the “Patient Descriptive Form,” “Visual Analog Scale,” and “Richard‐Campbell Sleep Scale.” The three groups had similar mean preoperative pain and sleep scores (p > 0.05). Mean pain scores were lower in the pranayama and deep breathing groups than in the control group after the exercise at the 6th, 12th, and 24th postoperative hours and discharge (p < 0.05). Deep breathing exercises were revealed to decrease postoperative pain more effectively than pranayama breathing exercises. Considering sleep scores, the pranayama and deep breathing groups had higher mean sleep scores in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05).Trail Registration: This study was registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov database as (NCT06495411) Protocol Registration and Result System. This study was conducted as a master thesis.
The diagnostic accuracy and feasibility of paediatric visual field tests: A systematic review
Authors: Riaz Maria , Ross Nicole C. , Mayer D. Luisa 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeAlternative non‐standard paediatric visual field (VF) tests have been developed to address the challenges associated with standard approaches. However, diagnostic accuracy of these new VF tests has not yet been rigorously evaluated. This systematic review aims to explore diagnostic accuracy and feasibility of non‐standard VF tests in paediatric patients.MethodsThe following databases were searched for English language studies comparing a non‐standard paediatric VF test to standard methods, such as standard automated perimetry (SAP), manual kinetic perimetry (MKP) and confrontation testing (CT): EMBASE, PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, VisionCite, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, African Index Medicus, LILACS, Trip and grey literature databases. Studies included were of children ≤18 years old with suspected or known VF defects (n > 3). Case reports, case series, editorials and letters were excluded. This review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS‐2) tool.ResultsThirty studies (n = 2074 children, age range: 2 months to 18 years) published between 1990 and 2023 met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Twenty index tests were reported, sorted into four categories of methods: behavioural/observational (5), electrophysiological (2), modifications of standard perimetry (11) and eye tracking (2). Risk of bias, based on the QUADAS‐2 results, was unclear or high for most studies. Sensitivities of 10 studies (behavioural/observational [2]; electrophysiological [2]; modifications of standard perimetry [2] and eye tracking [4]) were 60%–100%, 75%, 80%–94% and 70%–100%, and specificities were 98%–100%, 86%–88%, 68%–100% and 50%–100%, respectively.ConclusionsAlternative non‐standard paediatric VF tests, and behavioural/observational methods in particular, show potential for adequate diagnostic accuracy and feasibility, although limited to certain conditions and ages. Studies with complete reporting and low risk of bias are needed to determine the diagnostic accuracy and feasibility of non‐standard paediatric VF tests.
Impact of Dexamethasone on Blood Glucose After Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Chen Jiazheng , Wang Cheng , Li Feng , Wang Xinguang , Li Yang , Feng Hui , Zhao Minwei , Tian Hua 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveWith the global aging population, the incidence of OA is rising annually, and the number of TKA surgeries is rapidly increasing, placing a heavy economic and healthcare burden on society. As one of the key medications in the ERAS protocol, DXM can significantly reduce postoperative pain, suppress nausea and vomiting, and accelerate patient recovery. However, the safety of perioperative DXM use in patients with diabetes remains unclear. This study aims to clarify the safety of perioperative DXM application in diabetic patients.MethodsThis retrospective analysis involved 285 patients with type 2 diabetes and late‐stage knee osteoarthritis who underwent unilateral TKA at the Joint Surgery Center of Peking University Third Hospital from January 2019 to November 2022. After application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 161 patients were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had received continuous intravenous administration of DXM for 3 days postoperatively: the DXM group (n = 66) and the non‐DXM group (n = 95). All other treatments and medications were the same in both groups. The patients' PBG, incidence of PONV, length of hospital stay, pain scores, and clinical data were collected and compared between the two groups.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the general preoperative data between the DXM and non‐DXM groups. The average PBG and the proportion of patients with levels exceeding 200 mg/dL were not significantly different between the two groups (10.84 mg/dL vs. 11.05 mg/dL and 43.2% vs. 43.9%). The postoperative visual analog scale scores (3.67 vs. 2.48) and the incidence of PONV were significantly lower in the DXM than non‐DXM group (40% vs. 16%). The preoperative level of glycated hemoglobin accurately predicted PBG. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of early postoperative complications between the groups.ConclusionsThe administration of DXM after unilateral TKA can effectively reduce postoperative pain and suppress the occurrence of PONV without affecting PBG in patients with type 2 diabetes. In addition, the preoperative level of glycated hemoglobin can accurately predict PBG.
Inappropriate Shocks in Brugada Syndrome Patients With a Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator
Authors: Watanabe Masaya , Nanbu Tadafumi , Ishidoya Yuki , Suzuki George , Yotsukura Akihiko , Yoshida Izumi , Tanaka Yoshitaka , Inoue Kazushige , Mitsuishi Junko , Kanno Tomomi , Sakurai Masayuki , Anzai Toshihisa 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study aimed to compare inappropriate shock (IAS) rates between subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (S‐ICD) and transvenous ICD (TV‐ICD) in Brugada syndrome (BrS) patients and identify risk factors for IAS in S‐ICD use.MethodsWe enrolled consecutive patients with BrS who underwent ICD implantation between 2013 and 2023. Data on clinical characteristics, S‐ICD screening test data, and IAS occurrence were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsIn total, 74 patients (40 with S‐ICDs and 34 with TV‐ICD) were enrolled in the study. During a median follow‐up of 4.6 years, IAS occurred in nine S‐ICD and three TV‐ICD patients, exhibiting a non‐statistically significant trend (log‐rank p = 0.103) toward a higher incidence in the S‐ICD group. The incidence of IAS related to non‐atrial tachyarrhythmia (non‐AT) causes was significantly higher in the S‐ICD group than in the TV‐ICD group (log‐rank p = 0.014). Fewer electrocardiography (ECG) sensing vectors passing the screening test at both the baseline and exercise test (hazard ratio [HR] 0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.09–0.85; p = 0.21) and detection of ATs (HR 5.25, 95% CI 1.15–24.05; p = −0.048) were associated with IAS in patients with S‐ICD.ConclusionNo significant difference was observed in the overall incidence of IAS between the S‐ICD and TV‐ICD groups; however, IAS due to non‐AT causes occurred more frequently in the S‐ICD group. Fewer ECG sensing vectors passing screening were significantly correlated with the IAS when exercise test results were considered. Therefore, ECG screening, including exercise testing, is preferable for S‐ICD candidates.
Soil Microbial Mechanisms to Improve Pear Seedling Growth by Applying Bacillus and Trichoderma‐Amended Biofertilizers
Authors: Ma Yanwei , Zuohereguli Kuerban , Zhang Lisheng , Kang Yalong , Shi Liwen , Xu Hao , Ruan Yang , Wen Tao , Mei Xinlan , Dong Caixia , Xu Yangchun , Shen Qirong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBacillus velezensis SQR9 or Trichoderma harzianum NJAU4742‐amended bioorganic fertilizers might significantly improve the soil microbial community and crop yields. However, the mechanisms these microorganisms act are far away from distinctness. We combined amplicon sequencing with culturable approaches to investigate the effects of these microorganisms on pear tree growth, rhizosphere nutrients and microbial mechanisms. The SQR9 and T4742 treatments increased the total biomass of pear trees by 68% and 84%, respectively, compared to the conventional organic fertilizer treatment (CK). SQR9 tends to increase soil organic matter and available phosphorus, while T4742 more effectively enhances nitrogen, potassium, iron and zinc levels. These effects were primarily linked to changes in the microbial community. T4742 treatment enriched twice as many differential microbes as SQR9. SQR9 significantly enriched Urebacillus, Streptomyces and Mycobacterium, while T4742 increased the abundance of Pseudomonas, Aspergillus and Penicillium. In vitro experiments revealed that secondary metabolites secreted by B. velezensis SQR9 and T. harzianum NJAU4742 stimulate the growth of key probiotics associated with their respective treatments, enhancing soil fertility and plant biomass. The study revealed the specific roles of these bioorganic fertilizers in agricultural applications, providing new insights for developing effective and targeted bioorganic fertilizer products and promoting sustainable agriculture.
PagSND1‐B1 Regulates Wood Formation by Influencing Phosphorus Absorption and Distribution in Poplar
Authors: Cheng Peisheng , Gong Liling , Bai Qiuxian , Dong Ning , An Yi , Jiang Chen , Huang Lichao , Lu Mengzhu , Zhang Jin , Chen Ningning 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn natural environments, the growth and development of trees are continuously affected by phosphorus (P) starvation stress. However, the mechanisms through which trees balance stem growth and P distribution remain unknown. This study found that in the woody model species poplar, the P loss in stems is more severe than that in roots and leaves under P starvation conditions, thereby inhibiting stem development and reducing the expression of numerous genes related to wood formation, including PagSND1‐B1. Intriguingly, overexpression of PagSND1‐B1 in poplar enhances resistance to P starvation and promotes xylem development. Further analysis demonstrated that PagSND1‐B1 can directly and positively regulate the phosphorus transporter PagPHT1;5a. Analysis of P content changes in leaves, stems and roots of transgenic poplar before and after treatment indicated that overexpression of PagSND1‐B1 disrupts the normal P redistribution procedure, leading to increased P accumulation in stems, which is beneficial for xylem development. Therefore, PagSND1‐B1 participates in the phosphorus absorption and homoeostasis of poplar by modulating PagPHT1;5a. This study provides valuable insights into the regulatory function of PagSND1‐B1 in wood formation and the process by which trees balance phosphorus distribution and xylem development.
“It is Strange to Call an Uzbek, a Jew, or a Latvian, Russian”: Stalin’s Nationalities Policy and the Question of Jewish Assimilation Revisited
Authors: Shumsky Dmitry 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe traditional Sovietological paradigm of Stalin’s nationalities policy—presented as an anti‐national policy geared toward the assimilation of non‐Russian ethnic groups in the supernational entity of the “Soviet people” and its Russian culture—has, in recent decades, given way to a more complex approach that has identified strong tendencies in the ideology and practice of Stalinist Bolshevism to foster “primordial” ethnic identities. Most of the historiography on Soviet Jews, however, has found it hard to break free of Cold‐War Sovietological assumptions and continues to view the policies of the Stalinist regime toward the Jews as seeking their assimilation and eventual disappearance. The present article attempts to re‐examine this view and point to the ambivalent and even negative attitude of Stalin and his acolytes to the issue of Jewish assimilation—this based on a closer reading of Stalin’s relevant writings and archival sources pertaining to the Birobidzhan project and the period of anti‐Jewish persecution, some of which have never been studied before, and on the critical insights of recent studies on the subject of Stalin’s nationalities policy.