bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular domains of the neurokinin‐1 receptor: Structural characterization and interactions with substance P
Authors: Ulfers Amy L. , Piserchio Andrea , Mierke Dale F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe technical difficulties associated with the structure determination of membrane proteins have limited the structural information available for the ligand binding to G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here, we describe a reductionist approach to GPCR structure determination in which the extracellular domains of the receptor are examined by high‐resolution NMR in the presence of a membrane mimetic. The resulting structural features are then incorporated into a molecular model of the receptor, utilizing the x‐ray structure of rhodopsin to generate the topological orientation of the transmembrane helices. The results of our study of the neurokinin‐1 receptor (NK‐1R) and its interactions with substance P (SP) are detailed here. The structure of the N‐terminus, NK‐1R(1–39), and of the third extracellular loop, NK‐1R(264–290), in the presence of dodecylphosphocholine micelles is described. Our findings provide a structural basis for the interpretation of the results from other methods including mutagenesis, fluorescence, and photoaffinity labeling experiments, resulting in an experimentally based, high‐resolution model of SP binding to NK‐1R. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 66: 339–349, 2002
Glycine receptors: Lessons on topology and structural effects of the lipid bilayer
Authors: Cascio Michael 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe members of the superfamily of nicotinicoid receptors, sometimes referred to as the ligand‐gated ion channel superfamily (LGICS), are essential mediators in the propagation of electrical signals between cells at neuronal and neuromuscular synapses. Given the significant sequence and proposed topological similarities between family members, the structural architecture of any one of these neuroreceptors is believed to be archetypic for the family of ligand‐gated channels. We have focused our biophysical studies on the glycine receptor (GlyR) since homomeric expression of just the α1 chain of the receptor is sufficient to reconstitute native‐like activity when expressed in heterologous cells, and we have successfully overexpressed and purified relatively large quantities of this receptor. Our CD data suggests that the historical four transmembrane helix topology model for nicotinicoid receptors may be erroneous. Proteolytic studies as well as chemical modification studies coupled with mass spectroscopy (MS) have provided additional evidence that this model may be inappropriate. While we suggest a novel topological model for the superfamily of nicotinicoid receptors, the absence of high resolution data for the transmembrane regions of these ion channels precludes further refinement of this model. In addition, we observe structural changes in the recombinant α1 GlyR as a function of bilayer composition, suggesting that these receptors may be dynamically modulated by cellular control over the properties of the plasma membrane. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 66: 359–368, 2002
Innovative magnetic resonance imaging diagnostic agents based on paramagnetic Gd(III) complexes
Authors: Aime Silvio , Dastrù Walter , Crich Simonetta Geninatti , Gianolio Eliana , Mainero Valentina 
Published: March 2003

AbstractGd(III) complexes are under intense scrutiny as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). They act by enhancing tissutal proton relaxation rates. Much has already been done in order to get an in‐depth understanding of the relationships between structure, dynamics, and contrastographic ability of these paramagnetic complexes. Their potential in the assessment of flow, perfusion, and capillary permeability has already been established. The next challenges are in the field of molecular imaging applications, which would allow the attainment of early diagnosis based on the recognition of specific reporters of the onset of the pathological state. To this end, Gd(III) complexes have to be endowed with improved targeting capabilities by conjugating suitable recognition synthons on their surfaces. Small peptides are candidates of choice for the attainment of this goal. Moreover, the intrinsic low sensitivity of the NMR techniques implies the need to deliver large amounts of contrast agents to the target in order to get its visualization in the resulting images. Highly efficient delivery systems have been identified, which bring a great promise for the development of innovative diagnostic agents based on Gd(III) complexes. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 66: 419‐428, 2002
Pressure treatment of tailspike aggregates rapidly produces on‐pathway folding intermediates
Authors: Lefebvre Brian G. , Robinson Anne Skaja 
Published: March 2003

AbstractProtein folding and aggregation are in direct competition in living systems, yet measuring the two pathways simultaneously has rarely been accomplished. In order to identify the mechanism of high‐pressure dissociation of aggregates, we compared the simultaneous on‐ and off‐pathway behavior following dilution of freshly denatured P22 tailspike protein. Tailspike assembly at 100 μg/mL was monitored at four temperatures using a combination of size‐exclusion chromatography and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and folding and aggregation rates and yields were determined. As temperature increased, the yield of native trimeric tailspike decreased from 26.1 ± 1.3 μg/mL at 20°C to 0 μg/mL at 37°C. Pressure treatment dissociated 60% of the trapped aggregates created at 37°C and yielded 19.8 ± 1.1 μg/mL of native trimer following depressurization and incubation at 20°C. The rate of refolding of “freshly denatured” tailspike was compared to that following pressure treatment. The trimer formation rate increased by a factor of roughly five, and the aggregate rate decreased by a factor of three, following pressure treatment. Circular dichroism and high‐pressure intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence measurements support the model that a structured intermediate is formed in a rapid manner under high pressure from a pressure‐sensitive aggregate population. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 82: 595–604, 2003.
Applying a Thermodynamic Model to the Non‐Stoichiometric Precipitation of Barium Sulfate
Authors: Vicum L. , Mazzotti M. , Baldyga J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThermodynamic models for aqueous Ba2+‐SO42–‐Na+‐Cl–‐solutions are compared in their accuracy to predict ion activities in saturated and supersaturated solutions. The Pitzer and the Bromley model are employed, taking into account ion pair formation of barium sulfate. Such models are then used to describe particle nucleation and growth, and finally they are imbedded in a mechanistic mixing‐precipitation model for a single feed semibatch process. The effect of the key operating parameters on the mean particle size is analyzed through simulations. The results are compared with previous experimental data, thus highlighting the significance of a proper choice of the thermodynamic model.
Barium Sulphate Agglomeration in a Pipe – An Experimental Study and CFD Modeling
Authors: Bałdyga J. , Jasińska M. , Orciuch W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAgglomeration effects, observed during precipitation of barium sulphate in the unpremixed feed two‐dimensional tubular precipitator, are studied experimentally and interpreted theoretically. Effects of process parameters on precipitation–agglomeration phenomena are predicted using a CFD based model that describes micromixing (the multiple‐time‐scale turbulent mixer model is used) and precipitation (including nucleation, growth and agglomeration of crystals). Agglomeration rate is defined as a product of the collision frequency and the probability of agglomeration.
Dynamic Compartmental Models of Uniformly‐Mixed and Inhomogeneously‐Mixed Gibbsite Crystallizers
Authors: Li T.S. , Livk I. , Lane G. , Ilievski D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe use of simple compartmentalized population balance (PB) models was investigated for describing the crystal size distributions (CSD) of two different laboratory batch gibbsite crystallizers, one uniformly‐mixed and the other inhomogeneously‐mixed with respect to particulate phase. The compartments were selected on the basis of the shear rate and solids concentration distribution maps generated by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In the inhomogeneously‐mixed case, the CSD predicted by the compartmental model was highly sensitive to the relationship between the agglomeration kernel and shear rate used to describe the local agglomeration rate. This observation is consistent with recent findings reported in the literature that to correctly account for the agglomeration process in crystallizers its kinetic formulation should be based on the local rather than the volume‐averaged properties.
Two dimensional heat conduction in graded materials using conformal mapping
Authors: Shaw Richard P. , Manolis George D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHeat conduction through non‐homogeneous materials has numerous applications, since many of the man‐made materials that are used in various disciplines such as aerospace, construction, electronics, etc., are composites with carefully manufactured properties that yield desirable thermal characteristics. To that end, fundamental solutions for the heterogeneous heat conduction problem in two dimensions are derived in this work by employing a conformal mapping technique. These functions, besides being useful in their own right, can also be used within the context of integral equation formulations for the solution of boundary‐value problems. Finally, numerical examples for a material described by a family of radially symmetric conductivity are given as an illustration of the proposed method. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On computation of response of a rotor in deformed configuration using three‐dimensional finite elements
Authors: Nandi A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe governing differential equations for a rotor are derived in a rotating reference, which rotates about the centre‐line of the bearings with a speed equal to the shaft spin speed. The same equations of motion are once solved in the original configuration and once in the deformed configuration. It is observed that, though the analysis is based on small displacement elasticity, the difference in the above solutions is not negligible. It is shown that this can be attributed to the moment resultant caused by the centrifugal force in the deformed configuration. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exact controllability for the magnetohydrodynamic equations
Authors: Barbu Viorel , Havârneanu Teodor , Popa Cătălin , Sritharan S. S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe study the local exact controllability of the steady state solutions of the magnetohydrodynamic equations. The main result of the paper asserts that the steady state solutions of these equations are locally controllable if they are smooth enough. We reduce the local exact controllability of the steady state solutions of the magnetohydrodynamic equations to the global exact controllability of the null solution of the linearized magnetohydrodynamic system via a fixed‐point argument. The treatment of the reduced problem relies on two Carleman‐type inequalities for the backward adjoint system. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrical characterization of linear and non‐linear random networks and mixtures
Authors: Bianco B. , Giordano S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA material composed of a mixture of distinct homogeneous media can be considered as a homogeneous one at a sufficiently large observation scale. The problem of mixture characterization has been exactly solved in case of linear random mixtures, that is, materials for which the various components are isotropic, linear and mixed together as an ensemble of particles having random shapes and positions. In the present work the authors briefly review the linear theory and then consider mixtures of non‐linear media. In particular they give formulas for obtaining their constitutive equations for current density, electrical displacement, and magnetic induction. These relations have been derived by means of heuristic considerations on random networks and they have been verified with simulations obtaining a high degree of accuracy. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Telecytology of fine‐needle aspiration biopsies of the pancreas: A study of well‐differentiated adenocarcinoma and chronic pancreatitis with atypical epithelial repair changes
Authors: Marchevsky Alberto M. , Nelson Viera , Martin Sue Ellen , Greaves T.S. , Raza A.S. , Zeineh J. , Cobb Camilla J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFour experienced cytopathologists provided consultations using telecytology and routine microscopy. Twenty‐seven fine‐needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) from patients with chronic pancreatitis with atypical epithelial repair changes (n = 9) and pancreatic low‐grade adenocarcinomas (LG‐AC) (n = 18) were studied. False‐positive and false‐negative diagnostic rates were 19.4% and 12.5% by microscopy and 11.1% and 2.8% by telecytology. Comparisons of agreements between the correct diagnoses and consultations rendered by the two methods and among the diagnoses rendered on the same cases by the two modalities yielded kappa coefficients ranging from 0.444–1.000. Telecytology yielded slightly better kappa coefficients than microscopy. This method, which to our knowledge has not been previously applied to pancreatic FNAB, provides a potentially useful consultative tool for the interpretation of these difficult specimens. The diagnosis of FNAB from patients with chronic pancreatitis and LG‐AC is difficult even for experienced consultants, as underscored by the considerable intraobserver and interobserver variability encountered in this study. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:147–152. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CPU 86017 suppresses tachyarrhythmias induced by ouabain and myocardial infarction: Concentrations in plasma and different areas of the heart in dogs
Authors: Cui Yu‐Jin , Yang Ping , Dai De‐Zai , Gao Ling , Xiao Da‐Wei , Wang You‐Qun 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCPU 86017 (p‐chlorobenzyl‐tetrahydroberberine) a derivative of berberine, possesses an antiarrhythmic effect against arrhythmias in animal models. Two canine arrhythmia models were established by i.v. infusion of ouabain and two‐stage ligation of coronary artery to generate sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias in dogs. In the ouabain model CPU 86017 was infused at 0.96mg/kg divided into two doses of 0.36 and 0.6mg/kg; tachycardia was completely suppressed and reversed to control sinus rhythm. The canine heart was infarcted by two‐stage ligation of the anterior coronary artery and cardiac tachycardia occurred 20h after coronary ligation. A total dose of 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0mg/kg i.v. infusion of CPU 86017 was effective to suppress arrhythmic scores (0–7 score system) from the untreated 5.2±0.7 to 3.8±0.5, (P<0.05), 3.9±1.9 (P<0.05) and 2.6±2.0(P<0.01), respectively, and i.v. amiodarone 5mg/kg reduced arrhythmic scores to 2.3±1.3 (P<0.01). There was a counterclockwise hysteresis loop of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship in both models attributed to a small Keo value. Concentrations were not different in the outer, middle, and inner layers of the left ventricle, but higher in the working myocardium against the SA node and AV node. They were also different in the myocardial levels in the infarcted, risk, and noninfarcted regions where concentrations were 0.267±0.09μg/ml, 0.948±0.399μg/ml, and 1.371±0.433μg/ml, respectively. By continuous infusion of high doses in ouabain‐receiving dogs the PR interval and QTc (QTc = QT/(R‐R)) were prolonged by 27.5% and 24.5%, respectively (P<0.001). The accumulation in the myocardium of CPU 86017 was evident against the rapid decrease in plasma levels. The toxicity to the heart by high doses of CPU 86017 is principally due to cardiac block and cardiac arrest rather than torsade de pointes. Drug Dev. Res. 58:131–137, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pod1 is required in stromal cells for glomerulogenesis
Authors: Cui Shiying , Schwartz Lois , Quaggin Susan E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPod1 (capsulin/epicardin/Tcf21) is a basic‐helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor that is highly expressed in the mesenchyme of developing organs that include the kidney, lung, gut, and heart. Null Pod1 mice are born but die shortly after birth due to a lack of alveoli in the lungs and cardiac defects. In addition, the kidneys are hypoplastic and demonstrate disrupted branching morphogenesis of the ureteric bud epithelium, a marked reduction in the number of nephrons, a delay in glomerulogenesis, and blood vessel abnormalities. To further dissect the cellular function of Pod1 during kidney development, chimeric mice were generated through aggregations of null Pod1 embryonic stem cells and murine embryos ubiquitously expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP). Histologic, immunohistochemical, and in situ hybridization analysis of the resulting chimeric offspring demonstrated both cell autonomous and non–cell autonomous roles for Pod1 in the differentiation of specific renal cell lineages that include peritubular interstitial cells and pericytes. Most strikingly, the glomerulogenesis defect was rescued by the presence of wild‐type stromal cells, suggesting a non–cell autonomous role for Pod1 in this cell population. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Topiramate in the treatment of severe bulimia nervosa with comorbid mood disorders: A case series
Authors: Barbee James G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo report observations on the efficacy and tolerability of topiramate in a sample of five patients with severe symptoms of bulimia nervosa and comorbid mood and/or anxiety disorders.MethodTopiramate was added to other psychotropic medication under open‐label conditions up to the maximum tolerated dose or until remission of the eating disorder was achieved.ResultsTopiramate almost completely eliminated binging and purging behavior in three of the five patients. Improvement was maintained throughout the period of follow‐up for up to 18 months. One patient showed a partial, temporary response, and the fifth was intolerant of the drug and unable to complete an adequate trial.DiscussionThese results suggest strongly that the efficacy of topiramate in patients with bulimia nervosa with and without comorbid mood and anxiety disorders should be investigated more fully. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 33: 468–472, 2003.
Clarifying the role of impulsivity in bulimia nervosa
Authors: Fischer Sarah , Smith Gregory T. , Anderson Kristen G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveWith the goal of demonstrating that urgency impulsivity is associated with bulimic symptoms, not (lack of) planning impulsivity, the authors conducted two studies assessing these personality traits and bulimic symptoms in undergraduate women.MethodIn study 1 291 women completed urgency and deliberation scales of the NEO PIR and the BULIT‐R. In study 2 101 women completed alternative measures tapping these personality constructs and the BULIT‐R. ResultsIn both studies, what is commonly assessed with impulsivity measures, a lack of planning, was not significantly associated with bulimic symptoms. However, urgency, the tendency to act rashly when experiencing negative affect, was positively correlated with bulimic symptoms.DiscussionThe authors suggest that future researchers assess urgency, not lack of planning, when assessing impulsivity as a risk factor for bulimia nervosa. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 33: 406–411, 2003.
Sulfonate Protecting Groups: Synthesis of D‐ and L‐myo‐Inositol‐1,3,4,5‐tetrakisphosphate Precursors by a Novel Silver(I) Oxide‐Mediated O‐Alkylation of 2,4(6)‐Di‐O‐acyl‐6(4)‐O‐sulfonyl‐myo‐Inositol 1,3,5‐Orthoformate Derivatives Through Intramolecular Assistance of the Sulfonyl Group
Authors: Sureshan Kana M. , Das Tanya , Shashidhar Mysore S. , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Bhadbhade Mohan M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAlkylation of racemic 2,4‐di‐O‐acyl‐6‐O‐sulfonyl‐myo‐inositol 1,3,5‐orthoformates mediated by silver(I) oxide affords the corresponding racemic 2,4‐di‐O‐alkyl‐6‐O‐sulfonyl‐myo‐inositol 1,3,5‐orthoformates in good yields. Control experiments suggest that these unusual reactions are due to intramolecular assistance by the sulfonyl group. O‐Alkylation reactions of myo‐inositol 1,3,5‐orthoformate derivatives provide a new route for the synthesis of important ether derivatives of myo‐inositol, which are intermediates for the preparation of phosphoinositols. The utility of this method is demonstrated by the preparation of D‐ and L‐2,4‐di‐O‐benzyl‐myo‐inositols, which were obtained by benzylation of 2,4‐di‐O‐benzoyl‐6‐O‐camphorsulfonyl‐myo‐inositol 1,3,5‐orthoformate and 2,6‐di‐O‐benzoyl‐4‐O‐camphorsulfonyl‐myo‐inositol 1,3,5‐orthoformate. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Desymmetrisation of Cyclopentadienylsilane by Asymmetric Cyclopropanation
Authors: Allais Florent , Angelaud Rémy , Camuzat‐Dedenis Boris , Julienne Karine , Landais Yannick 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDesymmetrisation of silylcyclopenta‐2,4‐diene was carried out by an asymmetric copper(I)‐mediated cyclopropanation. An in‐depth investigation with various ligands led to the discovery that the PyBox ligands 10a−c were the most efficient ligands for this transformation and led to the cyclopropane 7a with an ee of up to 72%. Further studies aimed at providing insights into the origin of this enantiocontrol are also provided. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Efficient mutation detection in MEN1 gene using a combination of single‐strand conformation polymorphism (MDGA™) and heteroduplex analysis
Authors: Crépin Michel , Escande Fabienne , Pigny Pascal , Buisine Marie‐P. , Calender Alain , GENEM  , Porchet Nicole , Odou Marie‐Françoise 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFor facilitated genotypic analysis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), a familial syndrome associated with tumors of the parathyroid and neuroendocrine tissues, we developed two screening methods, heteroduplex mutation assay (HMA) and mutation detection gel analysis (MDGA™), both based on electrophoretic discrimination of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products, to detect the mutations. Forty‐three genomic DNA samples were used for the evaluation of these techniques. The whole coding region of MEN1 was PCR‐amplified with fluorescent primers and then denatured/renatured before electrophoresis on an automated sequencer. 100% of the mutations were detected, subsequently confirmed and identified by sequencing. “Negative” samples were used to evaluate the specificity and reproducibility of the two techniques. The combination of the two methods allows high throughput cost‐effective mutation screening which is less laborious than systematic sequencing of the whole coding region of MEN1. Together, these methods provide an efficient screen for MEN1 mutations.