bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐world outcome of crizotinib for anaplastic lymphoma kinase‐positive lung cancer: Multicenter retrospective analysis in South Korea
Authors: Jeon Da Som , Park Cheol‐kyu , Kim Seung Joon , Park Chan Kwon , Chang Yoon Soo , Jung Chi Young , Lee Sung Yong , Lee Shin‐Yup , Ryu Jeong‐Seon , Lee Jeong Eun , Lee Kye Young , Jang Tae Won , Jang Seung Hun , Yoon Seong Hoon , Lee Sang Hoon , Choi Chang‐min , Kim Hyeong Ryul , Kim Yeon Joo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundAbout 3%–5% of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presents positive anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Recently, several target agents have been approved as a treatment for ALK‐positive NSCLC. This study aimed to analyze the real‐world efficacy and outcome when administered crizotinib, the first approved target agent for ALK‐positive NSCLC, according to first‐ or late‐line treatment.MethodsA total of 290 patients with ALK‐positive advanced NSCLC who were treated with crizotinib in 15 institutions in South Korea from January 2009 to December 2018 were enrolled.ResultsThe median age of patients was 57.0 years, and 50.3% were male. The median follow‐up duration was 29.3 months. Among them, 113 patients received crizotinib as first‐line therapy. The objective response rate (ORR) was 60.1% (57.0% for first‐line recipients, 61.8% for second−/later‐line). Median (95% CI) progression‐free survival (PFS) was 13.7 (11.6–17.0) months. For first‐line recipients, overall survival (OS) was 26.3 (17.6–35.0) months. No significant difference in ORR, PFS and OS, according to the setting of crizotinib initiation, was observed. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, old age, male gender, initially metastatic, and number of metastatic organs were associated with poor PFS and OS. The most common adverse events were nausea and vomiting, and severe adverse event leading to dose adjustment was hepatotoxicity.ConclusionsORR, PFS, OS, and adverse event profiles were comparable to previous clinical trials. Our findings could aid in the efficient management of ALK‐positive lung cancer patients.
Restricting alcohol marketing to reduce alcohol consumption: A systematic review of the empirical evidence for one of the ‘best buys’
Authors: Manthey Jakob , Jacobsen Britta , Klinger Sinja , Schulte Bernd , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsEven though a ban of alcohol marketing has been declared a ‘best buy’ of alcohol control policy, comprehensive systematic reviews on its effectiveness to reduce consumption are lacking. The aim of this paper was to systematically review the evidence for effects of total and partial bans of alcohol marketing on alcohol consumption.MethodsThis descriptive systematic review sought to include all empirical studies that explored how changes in the regulation of alcohol marketing impact on alcohol consumption. The search was conducted between October and December 2022 considering various scientific databases (Web of Science, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase) as well as Google and Google Scholar. The titles and abstracts of a total of 2572 records were screened. Of the 26 studies included in the full text screening, 11 studies were finally included in this review. Changes in consumption in relation to marketing bans were determined based on significance testing in primary studies. Four risk of bias domains (confounding, selection bias, information bias and reporting bias) were assessed.ResultsSeven studies examined changes in marketing restrictions in one location (New Zealand, Thailand, Canadian provinces, Spain, Norway). In the remaining studies, between 17 and 45 locations were studied (mostly high‐income countries from Europe and North America). Of the 11 studies identified, six studies reported null findings. Studies reporting lower alcohol consumption following marketing restrictions were of moderate, serious and critical risk of bias. Two studies with low and moderate risk of bias found increasing alcohol consumption post marketing bans. Overall, there was insufficient evidence to conclude that alcohol marketing bans reduce alcohol consumption.ConclusionsThe available empirical evidence does not support the claim of alcohol marketing bans constituting a best buy for reducing alcohol consumption.
Independent sector and peri‐operative cardiac arrest as reported to the 7th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists
Authors: Cook T. M. , Kane A. D. , Bouch C. , Armstrong R. A. , Kursumovic E. , Soar J. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe 7th National Audit Project (NAP7) of the Royal College of Anaesthetists studied peri‐operative cardiac arrest including those that occurred in the independent healthcare sector, which provides around 1 in 6 NHS‐funded care episodes. In total, 174 (39%) of 442 independent hospitals contacted agreed to participate. A survey examining provider preparedness for cardiac arrest had a response rate of 23 (13%), preventing useful analysis. An activity survey with 1912 responses (from a maximum of 45% of participating hospitals) showed that, compared with the NHS caseload, the independent sector caseload was less comorbid, with fewer patients at the extremes of age or who were severely obese, and with a large proportion of elective orthopaedic surgery undertaken during weekday working hours. The survey suggested suboptimal compliance rates with monitoring recommendations. Seventeen reports of independent sector peri‐operative cardiac arrest comprised 2% of NAP7 reports and underreporting is likely. These patients were lower risk than NHS cases, reflecting the sector's case mix, but included cases of haemorrhage, anaphylaxis, cardiac arrhythmia and pulmonary embolus. Good and poor quality care were seen, the latter including delayed recognition and treatment of patient deterioration, and poor care delivery. Independent sector outcomes were similar to those in the NHS, though due to the case mix, improved outcomes might be anticipated. Assessment of quality of care was less often favourable for independent sector reports than NHS reports, though assessments were often uncertain, reflecting poor quality reports. Overall, NAP7 is unable to determine whether peri‐operative care relating to cardiac arrest is more, equally or less safe than in the NHS.
Duke Activity Status Index and Liver Frailty Index predict mortality in ambulatory patients with advanced chronic liver disease: A prospective, observational study
Authors: Williams Felicity R. , Quinlan Jonathan , Freer Alice , Morrison Breanna , Sitch Alice , Hockey Florence , Klas Natasza , Towey Jennifer , Perera Thamara P. R. , Rajoriya Neil , Lord Janet M. , Armstrong Matthew J. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryBackgroundThere remains a lack of consensus on how to assess functional exercise capacity and physical frailty in patients with advanced chronic liver disease (CLD) being assessed for liver transplantation (LT). Aim To investigate prospectively the utility of the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) and Liver Frailty Index (LFI) in ambulatory patients with CLD.AimTo investigate prospectively the utility of the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) and Liver Frailty Index (LFI) in ambulatory patients with CLD.MethodsWe recruited patients from outpatient clinics at University Hospitals Birmingham, UK (2018–2019). We prospectively collated the DASI and LFI to identify the prevalence of, respectively, functional capacity and physical frailty, and to evaluate their accuracy in predicting overall and pre‐LT mortality.ResultsWe studied 307 patients (57% male; median age 54 years; UKELD 52). Median DASI score was 28.7 (IQR 16.2–50.2), mean LFI was 3.82 (SD = 0.72), and 81% were defined either ‘pre‐frail’ or ‘frail’. Female sex and hyponatraemia were significant independent predictors of both DASI and LFI. Age and encephalopathy were significant independent predictors of LFI, while BMI significantly predicted DASI. DASI and LFI were significantly related to overall (HR 0.97, p = 0.001 [DASI], HR 2.04, p = 0.001 [LFI]) and pre‐LT mortality (HR 0.96, p = 0.02 [DASI], HR 1.94, p = 0.04 [LFI]).ConclusionsPoor functional exercise capacity and physical frailty are highly prevalent among ambulatory patients with CLD who are being assessed for LT. The DASI and LFI are simple, low‐cost tools that predict overall and pre‐LT mortality. Implementation of both should be considered in all outpatients with CLD to highlight those who may benefit from targeted nutritional and exercise interventions.
The partisan pandemic: Applying the reasoned action approach to understand the effects of politicizing a public health crisis
Authors: Yao Shay Xuejing , Carnahan Dustin , Rhodes Nancy 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIt is well‐established that news outlets cater to audiences with particular political leanings and present news about important events, such as disease outbreaks, differently. However, the mechanisms through which selected media exposure influences behavior are not well established. Two surveys examined the roles of attitudes and social norms as pathways through which political predispositions (political ideology, partisanship) and news media choices influence health behavior decisions. Using early Covid‐19 as a case study, both studies (a student sample [n = 315]; an adult sample [n = 518]) found liberal news viewing was related to positive attitudes and norms about health prevention and subsequently more enacted preventive behaviors among liberals but not conservatives. Interestingly, watching conservative news outlets was not associated with attitudes and norms about health prevention, nor was it related to behavior. Partisanship, but not political ideology, directly predicted participants’ preventive behavior. These findings suggest that party identification serves as a heuristic for conservatives’ and Republicans’ attitudes and behavior, which are not influenced by news media choice. Partisan differences in media preferences influenced the adoption of preventive behavior via the reasoned action pathways for Democrats but not Republicans, suggesting distinct messaging strategies for health communication based on political leaning.
Busulfan, melphalan and carfilzomib high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma
Authors: Hagen Patrick , Norton Joseph , Tsai Stephanie , Campo Loredana , Lee Mary , Gomez Kayeromi , Stiff Patrick 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe standard of care for fit, newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients includes induction therapy followed by consolidative high‐dose chemotherapy with melphalan and autologous stem cell transplant (AHSCT). Intensified preparative regimens, such as busulfan and melphalan (BuMel), have shown promise to lengthen progression‐free survival (PFS). We previously reported that the addition of bortezomib to BuMel improved PFS compared to melphalan alone in CIBMTR‐matched controls. We now integrate the second‐generation protease inhibitor, carfilzomib, before and after BuMel (BuMelCar) in a phase I/II trial with carfilzomib. Patients with NDMM, relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM) and those failing prior AHSCT were eligible. Primary end‐points were safety and tolerability. Secondary end‐points included minimal residual disease negativity rates, PFS and OS. The study enrolled 19 patients. 73% were high risk either due to R‐ISS III status, adverse genetics or relapsed after prior AHSCT. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of carfilzomib was determined to be 36 mg/m2. Noted grade 3 toxicities were febrile neutropenia (79%), mucositis (21%) and diarrhoea (16%). The 2‐year PFS for the whole cohort and MTD was 89% and 100% respectively. 80% of all patients and 82% of patients in the MTD cohort achieved MRD negativity. Further studies regarding this regimen are planned.
Specific regulation of epigenome landscape by metabolic enzymes and metabolites
Authors: Yu Xilan , Li Shanshan 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTMetabolism includes anabolism and catabolism, which play an essential role in many biological processes. Chromatin modifications are post‐translational modifications of histones and nucleic acids that play important roles in regulating chromatin‐associated processes such as gene transcription. There is a tight connection between metabolism and chromatin modifications. Many metabolic enzymes and metabolites coordinate cellular activities with alterations in nutrient availability by regulating gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modifications. The dysregulation of gene expression by metabolism and epigenetic modifications may lead to diseases such as diabetes and cancer. Recent studies reveal that metabolic enzymes and metabolites specifically regulate chromatin modifications, including modification types, modification residues and chromatin regions. This specific regulation has been implicated in the development of human diseases, yet the underlying mechanisms are only beginning to be uncovered. In this review, we summarise recent studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic regulation of histone and DNA modifications and discuss how they contribute to pathogenesis. We also describe recent developments in technologies used to address the key questions in this field. We hope this will inspire further in‐depth investigations of the specific regulatory mechanisms involved, and most importantly will shed lights on the development of more effective disease therapies.
The voice and swallowing profile of adults with laryngotracheal stenosis before and after reconstructive surgery: A prospective, descriptive observational study
Authors: Clunie Gemma M. , Roe Justin W. G. , Al‐Yaghchi Chadwan , Alexander Caroline M. , McGregor Alison , Sandhu Gurpreet 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesAirway reconstruction for laryngo tracheal stenosis (LTS) improves dyspnoea. There is little evidence relating to impact upon voice and swallowing. We explored voice and swallowing outcomes in adults with LTS before and after reconstructive surgery.DesignOutcome measures were collected pre‐reconstructive surgery, two‐weeks post‐surgery and up to 4‐6 months post‐surgery.SettingTertiary referral centre.ParticipantsWith ethical approval, twenty consecutive adult (≥18 years) LTS patients undergoing airway reconstruction were prospectively recruited.Main outcome measuresThese included physiological values (maximum phonation time (MPT) and fundamental frequency; penetration aspiration score, residue score), clinician‐reported (GRBAS, functional oral intake score, 100ml Water Swallow Test) and patient‐reported outcomes (Voice Handicap Index‐10, Reflux Symptoms Index, Eating Assessment Tool, Dysphagia Handicap Index).ResultsThe observational study identified patient‐reported and clinician‐reported voice and swallow difficulties pre‐ and post‐surgery; median and interquartile range are reported at each time point: Voice Handicap Index‐10 23 (8‐31); 20.5 (9‐33.5), 24.5 (12.5‐29); Dysphagia Handicap Index 9 (0‐37); 13 (7‐44); 15 (4‐34); GRBAS grade 1(1‐2); 2 (1‐2.5); 2(1‐2); 100ml Water Swallow Test volume score 16.7 (11.1‐20); 14.3 (12.5‐16.7); 16.7 (14.3‐20.0); 100ml Water Swallow Test capacity score 16.3 ± 9.0; 11.0 ± 4.1; 12.5 ± 2.6.ConclusionsWe present the first prospective data on voice and swallowing outcomes in adults with LTS before and after reconstructive surgery. The variability of the outcomes was higher than expected but importantly, for many the voice and swallow outcomes were not within normal limits before surgery. The clinical value of the study demonstrates the need for individual assessment and management of LTS patients’ voice and swallowing.
HyperED: A hierarchy‐aware network based on hyperbolic geometry for event detection
Authors: Zhang Meng , Xie Zhiwen , Liu Jin , Liu Xiao , Yu Xiao , Huang Bo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEvent detection plays an essential role in the task of event extraction. It aims at identifying event trigger words in a sentence and classifying event types. Generally, multiple event types are usually well‐organized with a hierarchical structure in real‐world scenarios, and hierarchical correlations between event types can be used to enhance event detection performance. However, such kind of hierarchical information has received insufficient attention which can lead to misclassification between multiple event types. In addition, the most existing methods perform event detection in Euclidean space, which cannot adequately represent hierarchical relationships. To address these issues, we propose a novel event detection network HyperED which embeds the event context and types in Poincaré ball of hyperbolic geometry to help learn hierarchical features between events. Specifically, for the event detection context, we first leverage the pre‐trained BERT or BiLSTM in Euclidean space to learn the semantic features of ED sentences. Meanwhile, to make full use of the dependency knowledge, a GNN‐based model is applied when encoding event types to learn the correlations between events. Then we use a simple neural‐based transformation to project the embeddings into the Poincaré ball to capture hierarchical features, and a distance score in hyperbolic space is computed for prediction. The experiments on MAVEN and ACE 2005 datasets indicate the effectiveness of the HyperED model and prove the natural advantages of hyperbolic spaces in expressing hierarchies in an intuitive way.
S3 Guideline Atopic dermatitis: Part 1 ‐ General aspects, topical and non‐drug therapies, special patient groups
Authors: Werfel Thomas , Heratizadeh Annice , Aberer Werner , Augustin Matthias , Biedermann Tilo , Bauer Andrea , Fölster‐Holst Regina , Kahle Julia , Kinberger Maria , Nemat Katja , Neustädter Irena , Peters Eva , von Kiedrowski Ralph , Schmid‐Grendelmeier Peter , Schmitt Jochen , Schwennesen Thomas , Simon Dagmar , Spindler Thomas , Traidl‐Hoffmann Claudia , Werner Ricardo Niklas , Wollenberg Andreas , Worm Margitta , Ott Hagen 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThis S3 guideline was created based on the European S3 guideline, with special consideration of the medical conditions in the German‐speaking region and incorporating additions from the previous German‐language version. The interdisciplinary guideline commission consisted of representatives from the German Dermatological Society, the Professional Association of German Dermatologists, the Austrian Society of Dermatology and Venereology, the Swiss Society of Dermatology and Venereology, the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology, the German Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, the Professional Association of Pediatricians and Adolescent Medicine, the Society for Pediatric Allergology and Environmental Medicine, the German Society for Pediatric Rehabilitation and Prevention, the German Society for Psychosomatic Medicine and Medical Psychotherapy, the German Network for Health Services Research, the German Eczema Association and the German Allergy and Asthma Association.This first part of the guideline focuses on the definition and diagnostic aspects of atopic dermatitis (AD), addressing topical therapy as well as non‐pharmacological treatment approaches such as UV therapy, psychoeducational therapy, dietary interventions for AD, allergen immunotherapy for AD, and complementary medicine. This part of the guideline also covers specific aspects of AD in children and adolescents, during pregnancy and lactation, and in the context of family planning. Additionally, it addresses occupational aspects of AD and highlights the perspective of the patients. The second part of the guideline, published separately, addresses the systemic therapy of AD.
The 1929 crash of the New York stock exchange as a liquidity crisis
Authors: Cadorel Jean‐Laurent 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhat caused the 1929 crash of the New York Stock Exchange? This paper quantitatively studies liquidity during the 1929 crash of the NYSE. I evidence that the crash represented a liquidity crisis due to the liquidation of brokers’ margin loans. Applying recent estimators of effective spreads and liquidity conditions from contemporary finance literature suggests a four‐fold increase in spreads during the crash at the aggregate level. At the individual stock level, quoted bid‐ask spreads suggest that liquidity explains one‐fifth of the variance in daily stock returns during the crash.
Chemical analysis of n‐propyl gallate used as pre‐treatment for resin‐dentin bond strength: In vitro study
Authors: Mendes Talita Arrais Daniel , Pascoal Samuel Chillavert Dias , Estellita Maria Clara Ayres , Lemos Marcelo Victor Sidou , Santiago Sérgio Lima , Mendonça Juliano Sartori 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of n‐propyl gallate as pre‐treatment for resin‐dentin bond strength. The dentin pre‐treatments evaluated included propyl gallate of concentrations 0.1% (w/v), 1.0% (w/v), and 10.0% (w/v), as well as glutaraldehyde 5.0% (v/v), and distilled water as a control treatment. Dentin specimens were prepared for Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR) (n = 3/pre‐treatment). Pre‐treatments were actively applied to dentin blocks before performing the adhesive procedure to composite resin. Microtensile bond strength to dentin (μTBS) (n = 8/pre‐treatment) was determined after 24 h and 6 months of storage. Data were submitted to a two‐way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post hoc test. As for FT‐IR, propyl gallate 1%‐treated specimens presented higher water, carbonate, collagen, and amide absorbance rates compared to other tested groups, while specimens pre‐treated with glutaraldehyde and distilled water presented similar absorbance curves. Regarding μTBS, all concentrations of propyl gallate resulted in statistically significant higher bond strength values than distilled water at 24 h. After 6 months of storage, propyl gallate 0.1% was the only group that maintained μTBS over time. Propyl gallate 0.1% might be a suitable dentinal pre‐treatment due to being able to present chemical bonds with demineralized dentin and providing resin‐dentin bond stability after 6 months of storage.