bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions between inorganic salts and polyacrylamide in aqueous solutions and gels
Authors: Livney Yoav D. , Portnaya Irina , Faupin Benjamin , Ramon Ory , Cohen Yachin , Cogan Uri , Mizrahi Shimon 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe swelling of poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) gels and the osmotic pressure of linear PAAm in aqueous solutions were predominantly affected by anion type and increased according to the lyotropic series ranking of sodium halide anions: F− < (H2O) < Cl− < Br− < I−. The osmotic pressure of PAAm in all examined salt solutions followed the scaling theory, with an exponent of 2.3 ± 0.1. In solutions of a sodium halide series, the value of the pre‐exponential factor seemed to depend on salt concentration, anion radius, and the apparent “anionic‐portion radius” of the water molecule. This radius, extracted from the literature data, marks a transition point of the anion radius effect. Larger anions increase the osmotic pressure of PAAm more significantly as their concentration increases and vice versa. The effects of the anions on the osmotic pressure of PAAm are related to their preferential interactions with the polymer. Iodide, which increased the osmotic pressure of PAAm with respect to its value in pure water, seemed to preferentially adsorb onto the polymer with a binding constant of Kb = 9.7 ± 2.0 M−1 determined by isothermal titration microcalorimetry. However, fluoride, which decreased the osmotic pressure, was preferentially repulsed. The mechanisms of attraction and repulsion were attributed to ion‐water‐polymer interactions and the solvent quality of the hydrated ions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 508–519, 2003
Breast cancer patients' perceptions of their husbands' support in a cross‐cultural context
Authors: Kagawa‐Singer Marjorie , Wellisch David K. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIn light of the Western focus in the breast cancer literature on spouse support, this study attempted to investigate ethnic differences in their perceptions of the support provided by their spouses. Forty‐six women who had had breast cancer 6 months to 3 years prior participated in this study. These women were selected from three ethnic groups (13 Euro‐American (EA) women, 18 Chinese‐American women and 15 Japanese‐American women).The study attempted to assess the women's perceptions at two levels of inquiry. One was based on standardized testing and scales and the second was a qualitative semi‐structured interview. It was hypothesized that few differences would exist in standardized testing, and that cultural differences would be found at the level of semi‐structured interviewing.Results showed that in fact few differences existed among the three groups on standardized instruments. At the level of qualitative evaluation, however, it appeared that Asian‐American women were expected to be self‐sacrificing and nurturing of husband and family, while EA women were able to be dependent. Another major difference existed around the theme of harmony and intimacy, where Asian‐American women had a goal of harmony over intimacy, while EA women had a goal of intimacy over harmony.A final major difference was in the area of communication, with both Asian groups appearing to value non‐verbal communication over verbal, while EA women appeared to value verbal communication over non‐verbal. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patients' satisfaction ratings and their desire for care improvement across oncology settings from France, Italy, Poland and Sweden
Authors: Brédart A. , Robertson C. , Razavi D. , Batel‐Copel L. , Larsson G. , Lichosik D. , Meyza J. , Schraub S. , von Essen L. , de Haes J.C.J.M. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThere has been an increasing interest in patient satisfaction assessment across nations recently. This paper reports on a cross‐cultural comparison of the comprehensive assessment of satisfaction with care (CASC) response scales. We investigated what proportion of patients wanted care improvement for the same level of satisfaction across samples from oncology settings in France, Italy, Poland and Sweden, and whether age, gender, education level and type of items affected the relationships found.The CASC addresses patient's satisfaction with the care received in oncology hospitals. Patients are invited to rate aspects of care and to mention for each of these aspects, whether they would want improvement.One hundred and forty, 395, 186 and 133 consecutive patients were approached in oncology settings from France, Italy, Poland and Sweden, respectively.Across country settings, an increasing percentage of patients wanted care improvement for decreasing levels of satisfaction. However, in France a higher percentage of patients wanted care improvement for high‐satisfaction ratings whereas in Poland a lower percentage of patients wanted care improvement for low‐satisfaction ratings. Age and education level had a similar effect across countries.Confronting levels of satisfaction with desire for care improvement appeared useful in comprehending the meaning of response choice labels for the CASC across oncology settings from different linguistic and cultural background. Linguistic or socio‐cultural differences were suggested for explaining discrepancies between countries. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparative assessment of psychological and psychosocial characteristics of cancer patients and their caregivers
Authors: Rossi Ferrario S. , Zotti A.M. , Massara G. , Nuvolone G. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractWe recruited 50 cancer patients and their caregivers with the aim of extending our knowledge of emotional, personality and psychosocial variables, and comparing their reciprocal experience of the disease. The patients and caregivers were administered four of the questionnaires included in the Cognitive Behavioral Assessment 2.0, the Family Strain Questionnaire and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. The patients were characterised by significantly greater emotional disturbances than their caregivers, who were emotionally stable and had a relatively low level of perceived strain despite their high level of hostility and state anxiety. The intra‐scale correlations highlighted the fact that the perception of distress depends on neuroticism and the presence of anxiety and depression (which are themselves known to be connected with neuroticism).The everyday life of the caregivers seemed to be characterised by restricted social relationships and interests; a relatively large proportion also declared that they had practical problems related to disease management, economics and some embarrassing and stigmatic aspects of the disease itself. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding the breast cancer experience of Asian American women
Authors: Tam Ashing Kimlin , Padilla Geraldine , Tejero Judith , Kagawa‐Singer Marjorie 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women and affects women across all ethnic groups. Although the psychosocial impact of breast cancer is being studied, there is little information on ethnic minorities.To better understand the breast cancer experience of Asian American women, we conducted key informant and focus group interviews. Six professionals participated in the key informant interviews. A total of 34 Asian American breast cancer survivors participated in focus group interviews, including Korean (n=10), Chinese (n=11), and a mixed Asian group (n=13). The common themes identified in this series of qualitative studies included: lack of knowledge about breast cancer; medical care issues such as cost and amount of time spent with physician; cultural factors related to beliefs about illness, gender role and family obligations (e.g. self‐sacrifice) and language barriers; the importance of spirituality; and psychosocial concerns related to worry about children, burdening the family, body image and sexual health concerns. A primary source of support and coping for Asian American women with breast cancer was their spiritual beliefs. The results from this qualitative study have been used to prepare a survey instrument to examine these issues in a larger sample of Asian American women. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The mental adjustment to cancer (MAC) scale: French replication and assessment of positive and negative adjustment dimensions
Authors: Cayrou Sandrine , Dickès Paul , Gauvain‐Piquard Annie , Rogé Bernadette 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) scale was validated on a heterogeneous French sample of 317 cancer patients. Internal consistency was satisfactory for the original subscales (α coefficients=0.62–0.80), except for the Fatalism subscale (α=0.40). The intercorrelations of the subscales and the correlations between the subscales and Anxiety and Depression criteria were congruent with the values reported in the literature. Multidimensional Scaling revealed three positive and three negative subsets of items revealing adjustment to cancer. Congeneric factor analysis of the subsets was performed with LISREL 8.3 and only three of them (after discarding certain items) were retained: Fighting Spirit (FS) Hopelessness/Helplessness (HH) and Anxious Preoccupation (AP). A confirmatory hierarchical factor analysis on the 21 items included showed that FS measured positive adjustment to cancer and HH and AP measured negative adjustment. A differential adjustment hypothesis was proposed in order to explain the stability and instability of the measures of the diverse constructs. The three revised subscales showed the same validity pattern as the corresponding original scales, but the magnitude of the correlations was considerably improved with respect to the original subscales. The practical and the theoretical importance of FS, HH and AP are emphasized. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between cancer locus of control and complementary and alternative medicine use by women diagnosed with breast cancer
Authors: Henderson Jessica W. , Donatelle Rebecca J. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractResearch has shown that perceptions of control influence health‐related behavior and outcomes. This study explored the influence of the control constructs in the context of the theory of cognitive adaptation to the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among 551 women diagnosed with breast cancer in Portland, Oregon. The majority of these women had high perceptions of cancer control and used one or more types of CAM therapy. Multinomial logistical regression indicated that higher perceptions of control over the course and cause of cancer significantly predicted CAM use. The model combining sociodemographic variables (age, education and type of health insurance) and control variables explained more variation (R2=0.23) in predicting CAM use than the model with only sociodemographic variables (R2=0.14), indicating that perceptions of control over the cause and the course of cancer had an independent significant influence. It was concluded that the assessment of control constructs from the theory of cognitive adaptation is useful for studying CAM use among women diagnosed with breast cancer and that understanding the meanings that lie behind the decisions to use these therapies are essential for health care providers who are promoting the health and well‐being of their patients. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone marrow donation in childhood: one donor's perspective
Authors: Parmar Gurpreet , Wu John W.Y. , Chan Ka Wah 
Published: January 2003

AbstractAllogeneic bone marrow transplantation is an established treatment modality for leukemia, hematologic disorders and inborn errors of metabolism. while the focus of attention is the transplant recipient, the bone marrow donor (often a sibling) is both physically and emotionally involved in the process. Few reports have been written from the donor's perspective, however. One of the authors of this report (G.P.) was a marrow donor as a child, and he reflects on this experience at the completion of his first year of training in medical school. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The emotional response of families to children with leukemia at the lower socio‐economic level in central Mexico: A preliminary report
Authors: Rocha‐García Arnoldo , Álvarez Del Río Asunción , Hérnandez‐Peña Patricia , Martínez‐García María Del Carmen , Marín‐Palomares T , Lazcano‐Ponce Eduardo 
Published: January 2003

AbstractLittle research has been done in developing countries on the emotional impact experienced by families who have a child diagnosed with leukemia. This preliminary study looked at parents in Mexico who had to cope with their child's leukemia in the face of meager financial and social resources. The 51 children in the study were under 15 years and being treated for leukemia in hospitals affiliated with the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) where their parents were interviewed using a questionnaire to ascertain their emotional responses to the illness. The data are analyzed and reported in five domains: perceived illness; psychological impact; coping strategies; family relationships; socio‐economic impact. A strengthening of family bonds was found the most common response (82.4%). The second most common responses were concern for the expenses incurred by the illness and the time dedicated to caring for the sick child (both 78.4%). It is especially important to assess families with meager social and financial resources as to their emotional responses to life‐threatening illness because these limitations impose greater burdens and make coping more difficult. Psychosocial interventions are key to ensuring adequate treatment of the child in these circumstances. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiinvasive, antiangiogenic and antitumour activity of Ephedra sinica extract
Authors: Nam Nguyen‐Hai , Lee Chang‐Woo , Hong Dong‐Ho , Kim Hwan‐Mook , Bae Ki‐Hwan , Ahn Byung‐Zun 
Published: January 2003

AbstractA water fraction (EW), the remaining water phase from the methanol extract of Ephedra sinica after extraction with ethyl acetate and butanol, has been investigated for its antiangiogenic, antiinvasive and antitumour activities. It was observed that EW, at 30 μg/mL, a non‐cytotoxic concentration, inhibited the tube formation induced by human umbilical venous endothelial cells and the invasion of B16F10 melanoma cells through a matrix membrane by more than 90%. At 30  mg/kg/day, the inhibitory activity of EW on the growth of a tumour mass in BDF1 mice inoculated with B16‐F10 murine melanoma cells was comparable to that of adriamycin (ADR) administered at 2  mg/kg/day. From these results, it could be postulated that the antitumour activity of the water fraction might be attributed to its antiangiogenic and antiinvasive activities. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Legal and ethical considerations for genetic clinical research
Authors: Beach Judith E. , Goolsby William A. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractFrom the trend in modern medicine toward the study of genes and their contribution to the development of disease has evolved an increased awareness of ‘the diversity of genetic fingerprints among individuals’ [1]. The incorporation of this knowledge into the technologies of the pharmaceutical industry has led to the emerging field of ‘pharmacogenomics’; that is, the process of identifying the differences in genetic sequences between individuals and developing therapies [2] as ‘personal medicines’ [3]. For example, a drug used as a muscle relaxant during surgery, suxamethonium, was found to be lethal to patients who possessed a rare version of a gene involved in nerve transmission so that now those who receive this drug are tested for this specific gene [4].Although pharmacogenomics promises great possibilities for the future of medicine, it does involve ethical and legal considerations that must be considered. Indeed, potential misuses of genetic information, such as discrimination in obtaining health insurance and in the workplace, need to be addressed. Genetic testing practices remain more advanced than the national and international laws governing the appropriate use of genetics. Although there is no national law in the United States that specifically addresses DNA and genetic privacy, several federal regulations would apply indirectly to the protection of this information and state legislators have successfully passed numerous state laws. Professional associations and private organizations have issued several guidelines for genetic testing practices.The purpose of this report is to provide a picture of the legal and ethical ramifications of genetic testing in clinical research. The genetic testing issue is presented herein in the categories of national, international, and state laws, policies, regulations and guidelines. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlocal energy density functionals: Models plus some exact general results
Authors: March N. H. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractHolas and March (Phys Rev 1995 A51, 2040) gave a formally exact expression for the force −∂Vxc(r)/∂r associated with the exchange‐correlation potential Vxc(r) of density functional theory. This forged a precise link between first‐ and second‐order density matrices and Vxc(r). Here models are presented in which these low‐order matrices can be related to the ground‐state electron density. This allows nonlocal energy density functionals to be constructed within the framework of such models. Finally, results emerging from these models have led to the derivation of some exact “nuclear cusp” relations for exchange and correlation energy densities in molecules, clusters, and condensed phases. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Classic ionic crystals and quantal Wigner electron solids: Role of electron correlation
Authors: March N. H. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractMotivated by the pioneering studies of Löwdin on ionic crystals like NaCl and CsCl, and on electron correlation, recent work on the polarizability of the anion in such materials, and its relation to the free‐space polarizability, will first be reported. The essential role of electron correlation in treating negative ions will be emphasized. The Madelung energy, crucial for the stability of such classic ionic crystals, is then pointed out, within the framework of the jellium model of strongly interacting electrons, to lead to quantal Wigner electron crystals. Work will be summarized first on such an electron solid in three dimensions and in particular its melting curve will be discussed. Attention will then be focused on the freezing of the 2‐D liquid in a GaAs–AlGaAs heterojunction in a transverse magnetic field. Finally, it is stressed that electron–electron repulsion plus localization due to the applied magnetic field order the low‐density electrons into such a magnetically induced Wigner electron solid. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Quantum chemical study of the hydrogen‐bonded patterns in A · T base pair of DNA: Origins of tautomeric mispairs, base flipping, and Watson–Crick ⇒ Hoogsteen conversion
Authors: Kryachko Eugene S. , Sabin John R. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe current work aims to thoroughly investigate a variety of facets of the hydrogen‐bond pattern of the Watson–Crick A · T base pair of DNA. It offers a novel mechanism of the origin of the hydrogen‐bonded mispairing in the A · T base pair based on the analysis of the lower‐energy portion of the total potential energy surface of all possible rearrangements of the hydrogen‐bond patterns in this pair, performed at the Hartree–Fock (HF), second‐order Moller–Plesset (MP2)//HF, and B3LYP computational levels in conjunction with 6‐31+G(d) basis set. The specific novelty of this mechanism is that the primary step consists of a single proton transfer along the N3(T)–H … N1(A) hydrogen bond, thus leading to a transition state that is not directly related to the proton transfer. Rather, it governs the interbase shift within the A · T pair switching the hydrogen‐bonded pattern and then separating the normal A · T pair from the mispairing valley on its potential energy surface. The latter comprises three mismatched base pairs, easily converted to each other because of lower barriers (≈1 kcal/mol) of the corresponding proton transfers. It is demonstrated that, in terms of the Gibbs free energy taken at room T = 298.15 K, the most stable mispair in such valley is predicted to be less stable by 9.7 ± 2 kcal/mol than the Watson–Crick pair, thus implying that the spontaneous point mutations of this type occur as infrequently as to be characterized by an equilibrium constant of 10−6to 10−9. This estimate falls into the well‐known experimental range of mutation frequency per base pair. The structure of a so‐called “base flipping” of the A · T base pair, originated from a breaking of its N3(T)‐H … N1(A) hydrogen bond, is also found and reported in the current work for the first time. The transition state A · T, which governs the conversion of the Watson–Crick pair of adenine · thymine into the Hoogsteen one and is related to a breaking of the N6(A)–H … O4(T), is also obtained and its energetical and geometrical features are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Molecular mechanics, quantum mechanics, potentiometric, and conductometric studies on the complexes of some rare earth metals with 5‐azorhodanine derivatives
Authors: El‐Gogary T. M. , El‐Dissouky A. , Hilali A. S. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe geometry of metal ions (La3+, Ce3+, UO, and Th4+) complexes with 5‐azorhodanine derivatives was optimized at the level of molecular mechanics. Two stoichiometric ratios of metal to ligand (i.e., 1:1 and 1:2) were investigated. Tetracoordinate and hexacoordinate of each stoichiometric ratio have been studied. Effect of substitution in the ligand on the geometry of the complexes was discussed in the light of electron donating–accepting properties of these substituents. The influence of the nuclear effective charge of the central metal ions on the metal–ligand (M–L) bonding was discussed and the effect of the number of ligands on the M–L bond length was also discussed and correlated to the experimental results. The total energies of the different metal complexes were computed using the extended Huckel method. The effect of substituents in ligand, metal type, and stoichiometry of the complexes on the complex total energies were discussed. Stability constant of (La3+, Ce3+, UO, and Th4+) metal ions with 5‐azorhodanine derivaties have been determined potentiometrically in 0.1 M KCl and 50% (v/v) ethanol–water mixture. The order of the stability constants of the formed complexes was found to be La3+ < Ce3+ < UO < Th4+. The influence of substituents on the stability of the complexes was examined on the basis of electron‐repelling property of the substituent. The effect of temperature on the stability of the complexes formed was studied and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS) were derived and discussed. The stoichiometries of these complexes were determined conductometrically and indicated the formation of 1:1 and 1:2 (metal:ligand) complexes. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003