bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of pain in chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Hoogerwerf Willemijntje A , Gondesen Kelly , Xiao Shu-Yuan , Winston John H , Willis William D , Pasricha Pankaj J 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
The biological basis of pain in chronic pancreatitis is poorly understood. Mast cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pain in other conditions. We hypothesized that mast cells play a role in the pain of chronic pancreatitis.
We examined the association of pain with mast cells in autopsy specimens of patients with painful chronic pancreatitis. We explored our hypothesis further using an experimental model of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) -induced chronic pancreatitis in both wild type (WT) and mast cell deficient mice (MCDM).

Methods
Archival tissues with histological diagnoses of chronic pancreatitis were identified and clinical records reviewed for presence or absence of reported pain in humans. Mast cells were counted.
The presence of pain was assessed using von Frey Filaments (VFF) to measure abdominal withdrawal responses in both WT and MCDM mice with and without chronic pancreatitis.

Results
Humans with painful chronic pancreatitis demonstrated a 3.5-fold increase in pancreatic mast cells as compared with those with painless chronic pancreatitis.
WT mice with chronic pancreatitis were significantly more sensitive as assessed by VFF pain testing of the abdomen when compared with MCDM.

Conclusion
Humans with painful chronic pancreatitis have an increased number of pancreatic mast cells as compared with those with painless chronic pancreatitis. MCDM are less sensitive to mechanical stimulation of the abdomen after induction of chronic pancreatitis as compared with WT. Mast cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of pain in chronic pancreatitis.
JTE-522, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, inhibits growth of pulmonary metastases of colorectal cancer in rats
Authors: Kobayashi Hirotoshi , Uetake Hiroyuki , Higuchi Tetsuro , Enomoto Masayuki , Sugihara Kenichi 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
Epidemiological studies have shown that individuals who regularly consume NSAIDs have lower rates of mortality associated with colorectal cancer. Because COX-2 inhibitors prevent tumor growth through some mechanisms, we assessed the effect of JTE-522, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, on pulmonary metastases of colon cancer in a rat model.

Methods
A suspension of 5 × 106 RCN-9 (rat colon cancer cells) was injected into the tail vein of 24 anesthetized male F344/DuCrj rats. Oral JTE-522 (0, 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg/day) was administered from the day before RCN-9 injection until the end of the study. Twenty-four days later, the lungs were removed from sacrificed rats and weighed. Pulmonary metastatic tumors were microscopically evaluated in the largest cross sections. We also performed immunohistochemical staining for both COX-2 and VEGF.

Results
JTE-522 dose-dependently decreased lung weight (p = 0.001) and the size of pulmonary metastatic tumors (p = 0.0002). However, the differences in the number of metastatic tumors among 4 groups were insignificant. Significant adverse effects of JTE-522 were undetectable. Immunohistochemical staining showed high levels of both COX-2 and VEGF in pulmonary metastatic tumors.

Conclusion
JTE-522 dose-dependently decreased the size, but not the number of pulmonary metastases. COX-2 inhibitors might block metastatic tumor growth, but not actual metastasis. Selective COX-2 inhibitors might be useful as therapeutic agents that inhibit the growth of metastatic tumors, as well as the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer.
Clinical outcome of endonasal KTP laser assisted dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Ressiniotis Thomas , Voros Gerasimos M , Kostakis Vasilios T , Carrie Sean , Neoh Christopher 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the clinical outcome of primary endonasal laser assisted dacryocystorhinostomy (ENL-DCR) using the potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed all primary ENL-DCRs performed within a period of twelve months by the same combined Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaringology team in Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. The main outcome measure for success was resolution or significant improvement of epiphora. Details of surgery, intraoperative and postoperative complications, as well as pathology associated with failure were also studied. Patients were followed up for at least 12 months.

Results
A total of 41 consecutive ENL-DCRs on 29 patients (22 females, 7 males, mean age 75 years) were analysed. All patients had bicanalicular silicone intubation for at least 4 months. The success rate at 12 months postoperatively was 78.1%. Pathology associated with failure included: intranasal pathology (12.2%), mucocele (7.3%), and systemic sarcoidosis (2.4%). No significant intra-operative complications were recorded.

Conclusion
The ENL-DCR with potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser can be considered as a safe and efficient primary procedure for the treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
The efficacy of playing a virtual reality game in modulating pain for children with acute burn injuries: A randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN87413556]
Authors: Das Debashish A , Grimmer Karen A , Sparnon Anthony L , McRae Sarah E , Thomas Bruce H 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
The management of burn injuries is reported as painful, distressing and a cause of anxiety in children and their parents. Child's and parents' pain and anxiety, often contributes to extended time required for burns management procedures, in particular the process of changing dressings. The traditional method of pharmacologic analgesia is often insufficient to cover the burnt child's pain, and it can have deleterious side effects [1, 2]. Intervention with Virtual Reality (VR) games is based on distraction or interruption in the way current thoughts, including pain, are processed by the brain. Research on adults supports the hypothesis that virtual reality has a positive influence on burns pain modulation.

Methods
This study investigates whether playing a virtual reality game, decreases procedural pain in children aged 5–18 years with acute burn injuries. The paper reports on the findings of a pilot study, a randomised trial, in which seven children acted as their own controls though a series of 11 trials. Outcomes were pain measured using the self-report Faces Scale and findings of interviews with parent/carer and nurses.

Results
The average pain scores (from the Faces Scale) for pharmacological analgesia only was, 4.1 (SD 2.9), while VR coupled with pharmacological analgesia, the average pain score was 1.3 (SD 1.8)

Conclusion
The study provides strong evidence supporting VR based games in providing analgesia with minimal side effects and little impact on the physical hospital environment, as well as its reusability and versatility, suggesting another option in the management of children's acute pain.
Quality of sleep in patients with schizophrenia is associated with quality of life and coping
Authors: Hofstetter John R , Lysaker Paul H , Mayeda Aimee R 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
While sleep disturbance is widespread in schizophrenia it is less clear whether sleep disturbance is uniquely related to impaired coping and perceived quality of life.

Methods
We simultaneously assessed sleep quality, symptoms, and coping in 29 persons with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in a post acute phase of illness. Assessment instruments included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale; the Heinrichs Quality of Life Scale; and the Ways of Coping Scale. Multiple regressions were performed predicting quality of life and coping from sleep quality controlling for age and symptom severity. On a subset of seven subjects non-dominant wrist actigraphy was used as an objective check of their self-reported poor sleep.

Results
Analyses revealed that poor sleep quality predicted low quality of life (r = -0.493; p = .022) and reduced preference for employing positive reappraisal when facing a stressor (r = -0.0594; p = 0.0012). Actigraphy confirmed poor sleep quality in a subset of subjects. They had shorter sleep duration (p < .0005), shorter average sleep episodes (p < .005) and more episodes of long awakening (p < 0.05) than community norms.

Conclusion
The results are consistent with the hypotheses that poor sleep may play a unique role in sustaining poor quality of life and impaired coping in patients with schizophrenia. These associations may hold for community controls as well.
A case of invasive aspergillosis in CGD patient successfully treated with Amphotericin B and INF-γ
Authors: Mamishi Setareh , Zomorodian Kamiar , Saadat Farshid , Gerami-Shoar Mohsen , Tarazooie Bita , Siadati Seyad Ahmad 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare disorder of phagocytes in which absence of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production in phagocytes predisposes patients to bacterial and fungal infections. The most common fungal infections in these patients are caused by Aspergillus species.

Case presentation
Here, we describe Aspergillus osteomyelitis of the ribs and hepatic abscess in a 5-year-old boy. The patient was successfully treated with Amphotericin B and INF-γ.

Conclusion
With respect to the high frequency of aspergillosis in the CGD patient, immune deficiency should be investigated in patients with invasive aspergillosis. Moreover, using antifungal drugs as prophylaxis can improve the quality of life in these patients.
Increased daily physical activity and fatigue symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Black Christopher D , O'Connor Patrick J , McCully Kevin K 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIndividuals with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) have been shown to have reduced activity levels associated with heightened feelings of fatigue. Previous research has demonstrated that exercise training has beneficial effects on fatigue-related symptoms in individuals with CFS.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to sustain an increase in daily physical activity in CFS patients for 4 weeks and assess the effects on fatigue, muscle pain and overall mood.

Methods
Six CFS and seven sedentary controls were studied. Daily activity was assessed by a CSA accelerometer. Following a two week baseline period, CFS subjects were asked to increase their daily physical activity by 30% over baseline by walking a prescribed amount each day for a period of four weeks. Fatigue, muscle pain and overall mood were reported daily using a 0 to 100 visual analog scale and weekly using the Profile of Mood States (Bipolar) questionnaire.

Results
CFS patients had significantly lower daily activity counts than controls (162.5 ± 51.7 × 103 counts/day vs. 267.2 ± 79.5 × 103 counts/day) during a 2-week baseline period. At baseline, the CFS patients reported significantly (P < 0.01) higher fatigue and muscle pain intensity compared to controls but the groups did not differ in overall mood. CFS subjects increased their daily activity by 28 ± 19.7% over a 4 week period. Overall mood and muscle pain worsened in the CFS patients with increased activity.

Conclusion
CFS patients were able to increase their daily physical activity for a period of four weeks. In contrast to previous studies fatigue, muscle pain, and overall mood did not improve with increased activity. Increased activity was not presented as a treatment which may account for the differential findings between this and previous studies. The results suggest that a daily "activity limit" may exist in this population. Future studies on the impact of physical activity on the symptoms of CFS patients are needed.
Preprandial ghrelin is not affected by macronutrient intake, energy intake or energy expenditure
Authors: Paul David R , Kramer Matthew , Rhodes Donna G , Rumpler William V 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
Ghrelin, a peptide secreted by endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract, is a hormone purported to have a significant effect on food intake and energy balance in humans. The influence of factors related to energy balance on ghrelin, such as daily energy expenditure, energy intake, and macronutrient intake, have not been reported. Secondly, the effect of ghrelin on food intake has not been quantified under free-living conditions over a prolonged period of time. To investigate these effects, 12 men were provided with an ad libitum cafeteria-style diet for 16 weeks. The macronutrient composition of the diets were covertly modified with drinks containing 2.1 MJ of predominantly carbohydrate (Hi-CHO), protein (Hi-PRO), or fat (Hi-FAT). Total energy expenditure was measured for seven days on two separate occasions (doubly labeled water and physical activity logs).

Results
Preprandial ghrelin concentrations were not affected by macronutrient intake, energy expenditure or energy intake (all P > 0.05). In turn, daily energy intake was significantly influenced by energy expenditure, but not ghrelin.

Conclusion
Preprandial ghrelin does not appear to be influenced by macronutrient composition, energy intake, or energy expenditure. Similarly, ghrelin does not appear to affect acute or chronic energy intake under free-living conditions.
Distributional interaction: Interpretational problems when using incidence odds ratios to assess interaction
Authors: Campbell Ulka B , Gatto Nicolle M , Schwartz Sharon 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIt is well known that the incidence odds ratio approximates the risk ratio when the disease of interest is rare, but increasingly overestimates the risk ratio as the disease becomes more common. However when assessing interaction, incidence odds ratios may not approximate risk ratios even when the disease is rare. We use the term "distributional interaction" to refer to interaction that appears when using incidence odds ratios that does not appear, or appears to a lesser degree, when using risk ratios. The interpretational problems that arise from this discrepancy can have important implications in epidemiologic research. Therefore, quantification of the relationship between the interaction odds ratio and the interaction risk ratio is warranted.In this paper, we provide a formula to quantify the differences between incidence odds ratios and risk ratios when they are used to estimate effect modification on a multiplicative scale. Using this formula, we examine the conditions under which these two estimates diverge. Furthermore, we expand this discussion to the implications of using incidence odds ratios to assess effect modification on an additive scale. Finally, we illustrate how distributional interaction arises and the problems that it causes using an example from the literature.Whenever the risk of the outcome variable is non-negligible, distributional interaction is possible. This is true even when the disease is rare (e.g., disease risk is less than 5%). Therefore, when assessing interaction on either an additive or multiplicative scale, caution should be taken in interpreting interaction estimates based on incidence odds ratios.
Developmental Changes in the Pattern of Ghrelin’s Acyl Modification and the Levels of Acyl-Modified Ghrelins in Murine Stomach
Authors: Nishi Yoshihiro , Hiejima Hiroshi , Mifune Hiroharu , Sato Takahiro , Kangawa Kenji , Kojima Masayasu 
Published: March 2005

AbstractGhrelin is an acylated peptide hormone secreted primarily from endocrine cells in the stomach. The major active form of ghrelin is a 28-amino acid peptide with an n-octanoyl modification at Ser3 (n-octanoyl ghrelin), which is essential for its activity. In addition to n-octanoyl ghrelin, other forms of ghrelin peptide exist, including des-acyl ghrelin, which lacks an acyl modification, and other minor acylated ghrelin species, such as n-decanoyl ghrelin, whose Ser3 residue is modified by n-decanoic acid. Multiple reports have identified various physiological functions of ghrelin. However, until now, there have been no reports that explore the process of ghrelin acyl modification, and only a few studies have compared the levels of des-acyl, n-octanoyl, and/or other minor populations of acylated ghrelin peptides. In this study we report that the amount of n-octanoyl ghrelin in murine stomachs increases gradually during the suckling period to a maximal level at 3 wk of age and falls sharply after the initiation of weaning. However, the concentration (picomoles per milligram of wet weight tissue) of total ghrelin, which includes des-acyl and all acylated forms of ghrelin peptides with intact C termini in murine stomach, remains unchanged across this suckling-weaning transition. Prematurely weaned mice exhibited a significant decrease in the amount of n-octanoyl or n-decanoyl ghrelin in the stomach. Orally ingested glyceryl trioctanoate, a medium-chain triacylglyceride rich in milk lipids, significantly increased the level of n-octanoyl-modified ghrelin in murine stomach. Fluctuations in the proportion of this biologically active, acyl-modified ghrelin could contribute to or be influenced by the change in energy metabolism during the suckling-weaning transition.
Isolation and Identification of Histone H3 Protein Enriched in Microvesicles Secreted from Cultured Sebocytes
Authors: Nagai Ayako , Sato Takashi , Akimoto Noriko , Ito Akira , Sumida Michihiro 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSecretion of microvesicles, defined as sebosomes, containing lipid particles were discovered for the first time in cultured sebocytes. After reaching confluency, hamster-cloned sebocytes released bubble-like microvesicles with a diameter range of 0.5–5.0 μm. They had a complex structure containing multiple Oil Red O-stainable particles. The lipid components of the microvesicles were large amounts of squalene both of hamster-cloned and rat primary cultured sebocytes. The microvesicles contained a concentrated 17-kDa cationic protein, which was soluble in sulfate buffer including Nonidet P-40 at pH 1.5. As the protein bound tightly to heparin-Sepharose and eluted with 1.5 m NaCl, it was further purified from a SDS-PAGE gel. Peptide sequencing identified the protein to be histone H3. Polyclonal antibodies against the purified protein detected the antigen in the microvesicles both in the hamster-cloned and rat primary cultured sebocytes. The antibodies demonstrated a distribution of the protein within the nucleus, cytoplasm, and precursor microvesicles. When a gene construct encoding histone H3-enhanced green fluorescent protein was transfected to the sebocytes, fluorescence of the fusion proteins was detected within both the nucleus and the precursor microvesicles of the cytoplasm. The distribution of heparan sulfate was evident in the microvesicles, and it suggested the possibility that the histone H3 protein was recruited and then condensed to the secreted microvesicles by the molecules. In addition, the 14-3-3 protein, which was detected in the microvesicles, also may help incorporate the histone H3 protein in the microvesicles because it can bind to both histone and lipid particles.
The Antiangiogenic Factor, 16-kDa Human Prolactin, Induces Endothelial Cell Cycle Arrest by Acting at Both the G0–G1 and the G2–M Phases
Authors: Tabruyn Sébastien P. , Nguyen Ngoc-Quynh-Nhu , Cornet Anne M. , Martial Joseph A. , Struman Ingrid 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The 16-kDa N-terminal fragment of human prolactin (16K hPRL) is a potent antiangiogenic factor that has been shown to prevent tumor growth in a xenograph mouse model. In this paper we first demonstrate that 16K hPRL inhibits serum-induced DNA synthesis in adult bovine aortic endothelial cells. This inhibition is associated with cell cycle arrest at both the G0–G1 and the G2–M phase. Western blot analysis revealed that 16K hPRL strongly decreases levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin B1, but not cyclin E. The effect on cyclin D1 is at least partially transcriptional, because treatment with 16K hPRL both reduces the cyclin D1 mRNA level and down-regulates cyclin D1 promoter activity. This regulation may be due to inhibition of the MAPK pathway, but it is independent of the glycogen synthase kinase-3β pathway. Lastly, 16K hPRL induces the expression of negative cell cycle regulators, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21(cip1) and p27(kip1). In summary, 16K hPRL inhibits serum-induced proliferation of endothelial cells through combined effects on positive and negative regulators of cell cycle progression.
Technology for Automated, Rapid, and Quantitative PCR or Reverse Transcription-PCR Clinical Testing
Authors: Raja Siva , Ching Jesus , Xi Liqiang , Hughes Steven J , Chang Ronald , Wong Wendy , McMillan William , Gooding William E , McCarty Kenneth S , Chestney Melissa , Luketich James D , Godfrey Tony E 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackground: PCR-based assays can improve clinical care, but they remain technically demanding and labor-intensive. We describe a new instrument, the GeneXpert®, that performs automated nucleic acid isolation, reverse transcription, and fluorescence-based quantitative PCR in ∼35 min.Methods: Yield and integrity of RNA isolated on the GeneXpert were compared with Qiagen-based extraction for parallel samples (5-μm frozen tissue sections). The reproducibility of automated RNA isolation, reverse transcription, and quantitative PCR was determined by replicate (n = 10) analysis of 10 tissues, using duplex (target and endogenous control) reverse transcription-PCR reactions for two gene combinations. The GeneXpert was then used to perform rapid analysis of lymph nodes from melanoma, breast cancer, and lung cancer patients and analysis of melanoma metastatic to the lung, primary lung adenocarcinoma, and healthy lung tissue.Results: On the GeneXpert, RNA was recovered in slightly over 6 min, and the yield was ∼70% of that from parallel Qiagen reactions. The RNA integrity was comparable to that of Qiagen-isolated RNA as determined by gel electrophoresis. For the melanoma samples, the 95% prediction interval for the ΔCt for a new measurement was ±1.54 cycles, and for breast cancer samples, the interval for a newly observed ΔCt was ±1.40 cycles. GeneXpert assays successfully detected the presence of metastatic melanoma, breast cancer, and lung cancer in lymph nodes and also differentiated among metastatic melanoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and healthy lung.Conclusions: RNA yield and integrity on the GeneXpert are comparable to benchtop methods. Reproducibility of the GeneXpert data is similar to that seen with manual methods in our hands but may need improvement for some applications. The GeneXpert can perform RNA isolation, reverse transcription, and quantitative PCR in ∼35 min and could therefore be used for intraoperative testing when applicable.