bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF CLOMIPHENE ON PROLACTIN SECRETION AND LACTATION IN PUERPERAL WOMEN
Authors: Canales E. S. , Lasso P. , Soria J. , Zárate A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryClomiphene citrate treatment neither inhibited milk secretion nor had a suppresive effect on serum prolactin levels in 10 puerperal women.
MEASUREMENT OF MENSTRUAL BLOOD LOSS IN PATIENTS COMPLAINING OF MENORRHAGIA
Authors: Haynes P. J. , Hodgson Helena , Anderson Anne B. M. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA study has been made of menstrual blood loss measured in 50 women with unexplained heavy loss (more than 80 ml). Twelve of these women had an average menstrual loss greater than 200 ml, five women in excess of 450 ml. There was no relation between the duration of menstruation and the total menstrual blood loss. Compared to women with normal menstrual loss there was no difference either in the proportion of total menstrual loss passed on each day of menstruation in women bleeding heavily (92 per cent of the total menses being lost in the first three days) or in the coefficient of variation for menstrual blood loss from one period to the next. There was a reduction in menstrual blood loss in the first period following uterine curettage but no effect thereafter.
EFFECT OF HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY ON GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Authors: Thom Margaret , Chakravarti S. , Oram D. H. , Studd J. W. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOral glucose tolerance tests were performed on 50 symptomatic postmenopausal women before and after three months of hormone replacement therapy. All patients were randomly allocated to one of five groups treated with various synthetic or so‐called naturally occurring oestrogens. Therapy produced a significant deterioration of carbohydrate tolerance with sequential preparations containing 100 μg of ethinyl oestradiol or graduated doses of mestranol up to 50 μg. The conjugated equine oestrogen (1·25 mg daily) and oestrogen valerate (2 mg daily) treated groups did not show abnormal glucose tolerance. The decreased glucose tolerance may be due as much to dosage levels as to any metabolic characteristics of the various oestrogens prescribed.
TREATMENT OF THE PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME
Authors: Robinson Kathleen , Huntington Kathleen M. , Wallace M. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA placebo‐controlled, randomized, double‐blind, parallel group study in hospital and general practice has shown that a combination of belladonna alkaloids, ergotamine tartrate, and phenobarbitone (Bellergal) was effective in treating troublesome symptoms of the premenstrual syndrome of which fatigue, tender breasts, nervousness, irritability, lethargy and listlessness were improved to a statistically significant degree. The drug was given three times daily and caused no side effects.
HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES OF THE MOTHER AND BABY DURING LABOUR
Authors: Hirsch P. J. , Rooke D. , Mitchell G. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryHaematological indices were obtained by Coulter Counter analysis from 325 women in the first stage of labour, and from the cord blood of their newborn babies. The mean maternal haemoglobin concentration was 12·49 g/dl and the mean cord haemoglobin 16·18 g/dl. The mean corpuscular volume measured directly was 89·00 fl from maternal blood and 106·73 fl from the cord blood; the two ranges barely overlapped and it should be possible by automated analysis to differentiate between fetal and maternal blood obtained at amniocentesis or artificial rupture of the membranes at term.
FALLING AMNIOTIC FLUID PALMITATES IN DIABETIC PREGNANCIES
Authors: Hood W. , Blunt V. A. W. , Owen A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPalmitic acid levels were measured in samples of amniotic fluid obtained from 15 patients with diabetes. Seven patients had palmitate values which decreased at some time in pregnancy but only one of the infants developed respiratory distress. Eight of the 15 patients had final amniotic fluid palmitate values which were greater than 0·07 mmol/1 and one infant developed respiratory distress. The other seven patients had final amniotic fluid palmitate values of 0·07 mmol/1 or less and one of the infants developed respiratory distress. The significance of falling amniotic fluid palmitate values is discussed.
INTRAVENOUS OXYTOCIN AND ORAL PROSTAGLANDIN E2 FOR RIPENING OF THE UNFAVOURABLE CERVIX
Authors: Valentine B. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA clinical trial involving 60 patients was conducted to assess the relative efficacy of intravenous oxytocin and oral prostaglandin E2 in ripening the unfavourable cervix, when given as a priming dose on the day before induction of labour. There was significant improvement in the Bishop score, and the subsequent induction‐delivery interval following priming with prostaglandin. This improvement appeared to be dose‐related.
RADIOISOTOPE DILUTION TECHNIQUE FOR MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD LOSS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER SEGMENT CAESAREAN SECTION
Authors: Read M. D. , Anderton J. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryUsing a 51Cr‐labelled red cell dilution technique, the blood loss associated with elective lower segment Caesarean section was measured in 30 patients, half of whom had a previous history of Caesarean section. The blood loss (mean±SD) was 1290±240 ml for first Caesarean sections and 1012±380 ml for repeat operations.
SPERM IMMOBILIZING ANTIBODIES IN THE SERUM AND CERVICOVAGINAL SECRETIONS OF INFERTILE AND NORMAL WOMEN
Authors: Cantuária A. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA search was made for sperm immobilizing antibodies in the sera and in the cervicovaginal secretions of 39 women in whom apparent cervical mucus hostility was the only explanation for infertility. Anti‐sperm antibodies were found in 25·6 per cent of sera and 20·5 per cent of cervicovaginal secretions. No such antibodies were detected in controls.
TWENTY‐FIVE YEARS EXPERIENCE OF THE DRUG TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS OF THE FEMALE GENITAL TRACT*
Authors: Sutherland A. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA study has been made of women with proved tuberculosis of the genital tract who were treated with drugs between 1st January, 1951, and 1st July, 1976. Seven different drug programmes were employed and 566 women were treated. Apart from the last two schedules employing the newer antituberculosis drugs, which were too recent for a follow‐up to be available, the best results were obtained with a combination of streptomycin, PAS and isoniazid for 18 months or two years. In this group, 87·7 per cent were regarded as cured after an average follow‐up of six years and six months. Drug cover was employed in 79 patients in whom surgery was found to be necessary and the results were uniformly satisfactory. Toxic drug reactions occurred in 18·2 per cent of the patients treated.
PELVIC TISSUE AND SERUM CONCENTRATIONS OF VARIOUS ANTIBIOTICS GIVEN AS PRE‐OPERATIVE MEDICATION
Authors: Elder M. G. , Bywater M. J. , Reeves D. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTalampicillin, cephalexin and clindamycin were administered orally, and ampicillin, cephazolin, clindamycin and spectinomycin intramuscularly as preoperative medication to 49 women who were having an abdominal hysterectomy. Antibiotic levels in serum, myometrium or cervix, and Fallopian tube were estimated. Antibiotic absorption from the gastrointestinal tract was delayed, but intramuscular therapy produced serum levels compatible with those reported in ambulant volunteers. None of the antibiotics produced a concentration which inhibited all the potential pathogens causing pelvic inflammatory disease. Inhibitory concentrations were produced by cephazolin except against Bacteroides; by clindamycin except against enterobacteria; by ampicillin except against Bacteroides and enterobacteria; and by spectinomycin except against resistant strains of streptococci. The need for a reassessment of dose regimens and route of administration as well as the possible need for using two antibiotics together for the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease is suggested.
SEQUENTIAL STUDIES IN PRE‐ECLAMPSIA USING PLASMA FIBRINOGEN CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: McKiLLOP Caroline A. , Howie P. W. , Forbes C. D. , Prentice C. R. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe technique of plasma fibrinogen chromatography was used to study sequential changes in coagulant and fibrinolytic activity in six patients with severe pre‐eclampsia. Plasma soluble fibrinogen‐fibrin complex and plasma fibrinogen‐fibrin degradation product levels were measured as indices of coagulant and fibrinolytic activity respectively. Clinical deterioration antenatally was accompanied by increasing coagulant and decreasing fibrinolytic activity, while a more stable clinical picture was associated with steady coagulant and increasing fibrinolytic activity. Following delivery, a surge in fibrinolytic activity accompanied or preceded clinical recovery. The pattern of increased coagulant and diminished fibrinolytic activity would seem to favour the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation in these patients and it is possible that the balance between coagulant and fibrinolytic activity may influence the clinical course and outcome of the Pregnancy
FACTOR VIII‐RELATED ANTIGEN AND FACTOR VIII COAGULANT ACTIVITY IN NORMAL AND PRE‐ECLAMPTIC PREGNANCY
Authors: Thornton C. A. , Bonnar J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe changes in the ratio between factor VIII‐related antigen and factor VIII activity were compared in ten patients with normal pregnancies and in ten patients with severe pre‐eclampsia. In the patients with pre‐eclampsia, a highly significant increase in the ratio was observed during the third trimester. No difference in the ratio between the two groups was found on day 7 of the puerperium. In the pre‐eclamptic patients, the highest ratios for factor VIII‐related antigen to factor VIII activity were associated with either a perinatal death or with the delivery of a severely growth retarded infant. These findings are in keeping with an increased rate of thrombin production in women with pre‐eclampsia, and suggest that the ratio of factor VIII‐related antigen to factor VIII activity may reflect the severity of the effect of the disease process on the fetus.
COMPARISON BETWEEN LINEAR ARRAY REAL TIME ULTRASONIC SCANNING AND CONVENTIONAL COMPOUND SCANNING IN THE MEASUREMENT OF THE FETAL BIPARIETAL DIAMETER
Authors: Docker M. F. , Settatree R. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryUltrasonic measurements of fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) obtained by Real Time scanning (Dynamic Section Scan) and conventional compound scanning (Static Section Scan) in twenty patients were compared. A comparison between two operators, one of whom was relatively inexperienced, was also made, both measuring the same BPDs. The mean variance of 20 groups‐of‐four ‘blind’ measurements was reduced using dynamic scanning, particularly for the less experienced operator. A significant difference was observed between operators using conventional scanning but not when using dynamic scanning. Both operators were able to obtain results in a shorter time with dynamic scanning, the faster operator averaging less than one minute for each observation. Apparent advantages of dynamic scanning are discussed. The terms ‘Dynamic Section Scan’ and ‘Static Section Scan’ are suggested to emphasize the difference between the two imaging systems.
STRAIN UTEROGRAPHY IN LABOUR
Authors: Mizrahi J. , Karni Z. , Polishuk W. Z. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMulti‐strain measurements of uterine contractions were made on 36 women at 36 to 42 weeks of pregnancy. The tracings obtained supported the existence of one dominant pacemaker area in the fundal region of the uterus and indicated that the contractile wave travelled in a downward direction with an average speed of 6 cm/second. The analysis of all normal labours showed that strain of the longitudinal muscle fibres changed from extension in the fundal region of the uterus to compression in its lower part, through a local zero strain in a narrow zone below the umbilicus. Intensity of the uterine contractions reached 6 per cent in extension and −2 per cent in compression. Information about the number of peak contractions, the frequency of contractions and the tonus of the myometrium during relaxation are of importance in the evaluation of uterine dysfunction.
PREGNANCY‐INDUCED LEUCOCYTOSIS IN AFRICANS, ASIANS AND EUROPEANS
Authors: Ezeilo G. C. , Wacha D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn the light of widespread neutropenia in healthy Africans, an assessment was made of the magnitude of pregnancy‐induced leucocytosis in 264 African women by comparing their haematological values at term with those of 47 European and Asian counterparts in Lusaka, Zambia. No statistically significant differences were found in the absolute counts of neutrophils, lymphocytes, or eosinophils between the three races. The fact that pregnancy did not exaggerate the neutropenia, or hamper the leucocytosis response, would suggest that the African woman has a normal marrow which suffers from insufficient stimulation possibly as a result of some dietary factor.
LOCAL IMMUNOLOGICAL FACTORS AS A POSSIBLE CAUSE OF REDUCED SPERM MOTILITY IN THE CERVICAL MUCUS OF INFERTILE WOMEN
Authors: Sinha D. P. , Anderson T. D. , Holborow E. J. , Nandakumar V. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe studied 68 infertile couples. Fourteen of the women had a normal postcoital test and only two of them had IgA‐positive plasma cells in a cervical biopsy specimen examined by fluorescent microscopy. The other 54 women had an abnormal postcoital test; the cervical mucus contained non‐motile sperms in 42 women and only weakly motile sperm in 12 women. Cervical biopsy specimens showed IgA‐positive plasma cells in 53 of these 54 patients; and none of the patients had antisperm antibody in their serum. In the patient without IgA‐positive plasma cells, the husband's serum and seminal plasma contained antisperm antibody, indicating an autoimmune reaction. Ten patients with a poor postcoital test and IgA‐positive plasma cells in a cervical biopsy had a vaginal infection; none of them had IgA‐positive plasma cells two months after successful treatment of the infection. In a further ten patients with poor postcoital test results and IgA‐positive plasma cells in cervical tissue, consorts were advised to use condoms for periods of 2 to 6 months. It was found that at least 3 months of condom therapy were needed before IgA‐positive cells disappeared and the results of the postcoital test improved. We believe that our results support the idea of local immunological reactions as a cause of infertility and poor postcoital test results.
SPONTANEOUS EXTRUSION OF HULKA‐CLEMENS SPRING‐LOADED CLIPS AFTER VAGINAL HYSTERECTOMY: TWO CASE REPORTS
Authors: Barker G. H. , Roberts D. W. T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwo patients who had previously been sterilized by the application of Hulka‐Clemens spring‐loaded clips to the Fallopian tubes, had a vaginal hysterectomy. In each patient a clip that was left attached to its tubal remnant was spontaneously extruded through the vaginal vault during the postoperative period.
EFFECTS OF NOISE ON HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN (HPL) LEVELS IN MATERNAL PLASMA
Authors: Ando Y. , Hattori H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe levels of human placental lactogen (HPL) in the serum of expectant mothers both subjected to and not subjected to aircraft noise were measured. The HPL levels in the quiet reference area and in the noise area were similar before the 29th week of pregnancy. However, the HPL levels of subjects in the noise area tended to be lower than those in the reference area after the 30th week of pregnancy and the difference became significant after the 36th week of pregnancy. The lower HPL levels were associated with lower birth weight for infants of mothers who lived in the noise area.
ACTH LEVELS IN MATERNAL, FETAL AND NEONATAL PLASMA AFTER SHORT‐TERM PRENATAL DEXAMETHASONE THERAPY
Authors: Kauppila A. , Similä S. , Ylikorkala O. , Koivisto M. , Mäkelä P. , Haapalahti J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effect of prenatal dexamethasone therapy (12, 8 and 4 mg doses given intramuscularly on three consecutive days) on ACTH levels in maternal plasma (n = 33), mixed umbilical cord plasma (n = 31) and plasma from the newborn (n = 29) was studied, and the results were compared with those obtained in 56 healthy parturients and 50 of their newborn. Maternal ACTH after delivery was significantly lower in the mothers treated with dexamethasone than in the control group. Cord ACTH values were similar in the two groups. ACTH levels fell during the early neonatal period, but only at 12 to 24 hours were the ACTH levels significantly lower in the dexamethasone group than in the controls. Gestational age, birth weight and the interval between the dexamethasone therapy and delivery had no significant effect on cord ACTH levels. Short‐term prenatal dexamethasone therapy seemed to have very little effect on ACTH secretion in the mother, in the fetus and in the newborn.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONCENTRATIONS IN CERVICAL MUCUS IN PATIENTS WITH NORMAL AND ABNORMAL CERVICAL CYTOLOGY
Authors: Coughlan B. M. , Skinner G. R. B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe cervical mucus of 31 patients with normal and 16 patients with abnormal cervical cytology was investigated at each stage of the menstrual cycle for immunoglobulin IgG, IgA and IgM. IgG and IgA were present in every mucus sample, while IgM was only occasionally found in trace amounts. IgG and IgA increased towards the last week of the menstrual cycle, the increase being in general more marked for IgA. Patients with abnormal cervical cytology showed increased IgG and, more strikingly, IgA concentrations in their cervical mucus, but there was no correlation between the IgG and IgA concentrations at any stage of the menstrual cycle. Whereas in patients with normal cervical cytology the IgG and IgA concentrations correlated throughout the menstrual cycle.
ENDOMETRIAL STROMAL SARCOMA OF THE BROAD LIGAMENT ARISING IN AN AREA OF ENDOMETRIOSIS IN A PARAMESONEPHRIC CYST CASE REPORT
Authors: Persaud V. , Anderson Mavis F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA 63‐year‐old Jamaican negress had an endometrial stromal sarcoma arising in a paramesonephric cyst of the broad ligament. Morphological evidence is presented to show that the tumour arose from an area of endometriosis within the cyst wall. Subsequent metastases responded for a few months to cyclophosphamide therapy and the patient died 14 months after the onset of symptoms.
ULTRASOUND MEASUREMENT OF THE FETAL HEAD TO ABDOMEN CIRCUMFERENCE RATIO IN THE ASSESSMENT OF GROWTH RETARDATION
Authors: Campbell S. , Thoms Alison 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFetal head and abdomen circumference measurements have been made using pulsed ultrasound techniques. The mean head to abdomen (H/A) circumference ratio with 95 per cent confidence limits was determined in 568 normal pregnancies from 17 to 41 weeks menstrual age. The mean ratio was 1·18 at 17 weeks, but decreased slowly until 29 weeks when the ratio was 1·11; thereafter there was a sharp fall in the mean ratio to 1·01 at 36 weeks and 0·96 at 40 weeks. The H/A circumference ratio was also determined in 31 small‐for‐dates fetuses within one week of delivery. In all cases the fetal weight as predicted from the fetal abdomen circumference measurement was below the 5th centile weight for gestation. The ratio was above the 95th centile limit in 22 (71 per cent) of these fetuses and evidence is presented to suggest that the H/A circumference ratio can be used to distinguish between symmetrical and asymmetrical growth retardation.
RELATION BETWEEN CORTICOSTEROID AND ALBUMIN CONCENTRATIONS IN UMBILICAL VEIN PLASMA AND THE DURATION OF LABOUR
Authors: Isherwood D. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe concentration of corticosteroids in the umbilical vein plasma of babies delivered after a spontaneous onset of labour showed a significant positive correlation with the duration of labour (r = 0·593; P<0·001) and the length of the second stage (r = 0·48; P<0·02). Similar results were also obtained for induced labours. For labours of both induced and spontaneous onset, the albumin concentration in cord plasma also correlated significantly (r = 0·46; P<0·01) with the corticosteroid concentration. It is concluded that the stress of labour and vaginal delivery, and possibly changes in the concentration of proteins which bind corticosteroids, are important in determining the corticosteroid concentration in cord plasma obtained after delivery of the baby. The significance of these findings in relation to mechanisms responsible for the onset of human labour is discussed.
PLASMA HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN PROFILES OVER 24 HOURS IN NORMAL AND DIABETIC PREGNANCY
Authors: Gillmer M. D. G. , Beard R. W. , Oakley N. W. , Brooke Fiona M. , Brudenell M. , Chard T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma human placental lactogen (HPL) concentrations have been measured at frequent intervals over 24 hours in 24 normal women, 13 chemical and 13 insulin dependent diabetic patients during the third trimester of pregnancy. Most of the women studied displayed variation in HPL levels during the day, but there was no evidence of a diurnal rhythm, nor significant changes following meals or during the nocturnal fast. The mean plasma HPL concentrations over 24 hours in the chemical and insulin dependent diabetic patients (5·9±SD 1·3 and 5·9±l·7 μg/ml respectively) were greater than those in normal women (5·1·1·2 μg/ml) but this difference was not significant. No significant change in plasma HPL concentrations was observed during a five‐hour oral glucose tolerance test in either the normal or chemical diabetic group. It is suggested that in normal pregnant women HPL does not itself contribute to glucose homeostasis but acts as a ‘regulator’ which alters the actions of certain maternal hormones to achieve a favourable environment for fetal growth.
THE CELLULAR COMPOSITION OF THE HUMAN OVIDUCT EPITHELIUM
Authors: Critoph Frances N. , Dennis K. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryEpithelium from human Fallopian tubes was examined to determine the ratio of ciliated to secretory cells. A comparison was made between results from oviducts from women at different stages of the menstrual cycle, and also between the fimbrial, ampullary and isthmic regions of the oviduct. A high percentage of ciliated cells was found in each case, including the isthmic region, with little difference seen throughout the cycle. The role of cilia in ovum transport is discussed.
MANAGEMENT OF HYPERPROLACTINAEMIC AMENORRHOEA
Authors: Franks S. , Jacobs H. S. , Hull M. G. R. , Steele S. J. , Nabarro J. D. N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryResults of treatment of 52 patients with amenorrhoea associated with hyper‐prolactinaemia are presented. All patients had a detailed radiological examination of the pituitary fossa, including lateral tomography in every patient and air encephalography in those in whom a pituitary tumour was suspected. There were 17 patients with untreated pituitary tumours, 5 patients with previously treated pituitary tumours and persisting hyperprolactinaemia, and 30 patients with normal pituitary radiology. Patients with pituitary tumours were treated either by transsphenoidal or transfrontal surgical extirpation of the tumour, followed, if necessary, by external irradiation and/or bromocriptine. Four patients were treated with external irradiation as primary therapy, and three patients who did not wish to conceive were treated with bromocriptine as primary therapy. Patients with normal radiological appearances were treated with bromocriptine as primary treatment. Ovulatory menstrual cycles developed in 42 patients and there were 19 pregnancies. Those ovulating but not conceiving had adequate non‐endocrine factors to account for the disparity. Failure of response was seen in 10 patients and was due to inadequate fall of prolactin in response to surgery (2 patients), external irradiation (3 patients) and bromocriptine (1 patient), and gonadotrophin deficiency which developed after surgery in 3 patients but was present pre‐operatively in 1. The relative merits of treatment by surgery, external irradiation and bromocriptine are discussed and a policy of treatment outlined.