bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling Neolithic Economic Behavior: A Novel Approach to Chert Procurement at Çukuriçi Höyük, Western Anatolia
Authors: Brandl Michael , Hauzenberger Christoph , Filzmoser Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The expansion of the Neolithic way of life triggered the most profound changes in peoples’ socioeconomic behaviors, including how critical resources for everyday life were managed. Recent research spearheaded by ancient DNA analysis has greatly contributed to our understanding of the main direction of Neolithisation spreading from western Anatolia into central Europe. Due to the diverse processes involved in neolithization, which resulted in a high diversity of regional and local phenomena, the underlying mechanisms of these developments are still largely unexplored. One of these mechanisms is economic behavior and resource management. Neolithic economic behavior is the result of social processes involving the physical actions of the procurement, processing, use, discard and distribution of raw materials as well as finished products for utilitarian needs and to create and maintain social relations. Within this continuum, the key for tracing meaningful behavioral patterns is the identification of raw material procurement. Since stone tools are among the most ubiquitous and stable finds at Neolithic sites, they are ideally suited for this endeavor. Here, we present the results of a case study from the Neolithic site of Çukuriçi Höyük in western Anatolia tracing lithic raw material procurement. We employ a novel approach using geochemical provenance analyses coupled with quantitative technological and econometric methods. The key finding of this diachronic study covering almost 700 years revealed patterns of socioeconomic dynamics undetectable through conventional analytical approaches. We demonstrate that technological concepts fluctuate over time and are subject to innovations, whereas raw material procurement remains a stable element.
Comparative Analysis of Muscle Energy Techniques and Hamstring Nordic Lower Training on Hamstring Tightness and Agility Run Test in Young Athletes"
Authors: Bhutta Abdul Haseeb , Haneef Kinza , Khan Ahsan Ali , Sana Javeria , Yousaf samia , Ghafoor Faisal , Shah Saleh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Hamstring tightness is a common issue among young athletes and can lead to injuries and reduced performance. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique (MET), specifically Post-Isometric Relaxation (PIR) and Post-Facilitation Stretch (PFS), with Hamstring Nordic Lower (HNL) training in addressing hamstring tightness and improving agility run test
Methods
A triple-blinded randomized controlled trial with a crossover design was conducted having trial registration number NCT06012344. Sixty young athletes with hamstring tightness were randomly assigned to three groups: Group A (PIR, PFS, HNL), Group B (PFS, HNL, PIR), and Group C (HNL, PIR, PFS). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA).
Results
Both PIR and PFS interventions demonstrated significant improvements in hamstring flexibility and physical performance measured in context to agility run test with significant improvement. PFS shows more significant improvement followed by PIR and least improvement showed by HNL.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that PFS shows more significant improvement followed by PIR interventions, as part of Muscle Energy Technique, are effective in releasing hamstring tightness and improving physical performance in young athletes. However, HNL training alone did not show superior effectiveness compared to the MET techniques. These results provide valuable insights for clinicians and sports professionals in designing interventions for hamstring tightness in young athletes.
Load resistance calculation based on an invariant input-output property of unstable communication line using a neural network with irregular steps of training data
Authors: Penin Alexander , Sidorenko Anatolie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The calculation of a resistive sensor is considered as the load of an unstable communication line using a neural network. In the corresponding approximation or regression problem, the feedforward neural network is trained using training data and additional control data. Such data are calculated from a mathematical model of the communication line in the form of a resistive two-port with some type of change step (regular or irregular) of the load and line parameters. The training data is traditionally divided into training, validation and test sets. It was established that in the training epochs, the neural network reveals this internal pattern (inherent in the used step of change) in these three sets. Therefore, when training the network and then applying the additional control data, small errors are obtained. But for the additional control data with a different type of step, the errors appear. The use of mixed training data by combining data with diverse type of change step eliminates said internal regularity and the neural network shows the capability to generalization and small errors by presented numerical experiments. To quantify the quality of the trained network, a special index is introduced as a repeatability of the specified relative error in percent for multiple retraining.
Optimizing substructure search: a novel approach for efficient querying in large chemical databases
Authors: Vaskin Vsevolod , Jakovlev Dmitri , Bakharev Fedor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Substructure search in chemical compound databases is a fundamental task in cheminformatics with critical implications for fields such as drug discovery, materials science, and toxicology. However, the increasing size and complexity of chemical databases have rendered traditional search algorithms ineffective, exacerbating the need for scalable solutions. We introduce a novel approach to enhance the efficiency of substructure search, moving beyond the traditional full-enumeration methods. Our strategy employs a unique index structure: a tree that segments the molecular data set into clusters based on the presence or absence of certain features. This innovative indexing mechanism is inspired by the binary Ball-Tree concept and demonstrates superior performance over exhaustive search methods, leading to significant acceleration in the initial filtering process. Comparative analysis with the existing Bingo algorithm reveals the efficiency and versatility of our approach. Although the current implementation does not affect the verification stage, it has the potential to reduce false positive rates. Our method offers a promising avenue for future research, meeting the growing demand for fast and accurate substructure search in increasingly large chemical databases.
MSC Classification: 92E10
The Impact of Obesity on Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia, a US Nationwide Study
Authors: Labban Mohamad El , Daou Michella Abi Zeid , Smaily Hiba , Hammoud Abbas , Hassan Ghandi , Khan Syed , Akl Imad Bou 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the leading causes of mortality in patients with critical care illness. Since obesity is highly prevalent, we wanted to study its impact on the outcomes of patients who develop VAP.
Methods: Using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database from 2017 to 2020, we conducted a retrospective study of adult patients with a principal diagnosis of VAP with a secondary diagnosis with or without obesity according to ICD-10 codes. Several demographics, including age, race, and gender, were analyzed. The primary endpoint was mortality, while the secondary endpoints included tracheostomy, length of stay in days, and patient charge in dollars. Multivariate logistic regression model analysis was used to adjust for confounders, with a p-value less than 0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: The study included 3832 patients with VAP, 395 of whom had obesity. The mean age in both groups was around 58 years, and 68% of the group with obesity were females compared to 40% in the control group. Statistically significant comorbidities in the obesity group included a Charlson Comorbidity Index score of three and above, Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Rates and odds of mortality were not significantly higher in the collective obesity group 39 (10%) vs. 336 (8.5%), p-value 0.62, aOR 1.41, p-value 0.39). The rates and odds of tracheostomy were higher in the obesity group but not statistically significant. Obese patients were also found to have a longer and more expensive hospitalization.
Conclusions: Obesity was not found to be an independent risk factor for worse outcomes in patients who develop VAP in the intensive care unit.
Microbial assemblages and associated biogeochemical processes in Lake Bonney, a permanently ice-covered lake in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
Authors: Lee Hanbyul , Hwang Kyuin , Cho Ahnna , Kim Soyeon , Kim Minkyung , Morgan-Kiss Rachael , Priscu John C. , Kim Kyung Mo , Kim Ok-Sun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Lake Bonney, which is divided into a west lobe (WLB) and an east lobe (ELB), is a perennially ice-covered lake located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. Several studies have reported the microbial community dynamics of ice-covered lakes in these ecosystems, yet little is known about genomic diversity and microbe-driven nutrient cycling. Here, we applied gene- and genome-centric approaches to investigate the microbial ecology and reconstruct microbial metabolic potential along the depth gradient in Lake Bonney.
Results
Lake Bonney is strongly chemically stratified, yielding three distinct redox zones based on oxygen and geochemistry, which provide distinct microbial niches. In the upper relatively freshwater zone with the highest level of sunlight, oxygenic photosynthetic production by the cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena and a diversity of protist microalgae provides new organic carbon to the environment. Carboxydotrophs, such as Acidimicrobiales, Nanopelagicales, and Burkholderiaceae were also prominent in the upper zone and their ability to oxidize carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide can serve as a supplemental energy source during organic carbon starvation and provide carbon dioxide to photoautotrophs. In the deeper saline chemocline zone of ELB, an accumulation of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus supports photosynthesis despite relatively low light levels. Conversely, in WLB the release of organic rich subglacial discharge from Taylor Glacier in WLB appeared to fuel the growth of heterotrophs with increased potentials for glycolysis, beta-oxidation, and glycoside hydrolase. The suboxic and subzero temperature zones beneath the chemoclines in ELB and WLB supported microorganisms that can utilize hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur as metabolic energy sources. Heterotrophs and hydrogen-oxidizing denitrifying bacteria dominated the bottom of the WLB, whereas the conditions at the bottom of the ELB inhibited microbial growth, except for halophile Halomonas and endospore-forming Virgibacillus.
Conclusions
The niche-dependent distribution of microbially driven C, N and S cycling genes/pathways in this unique lake reveals that microorganisms have their own survival strategies for nutrient and energy acquisition and stress responses through the water column, which are closely linked to biogeochemical cycling in the lake.
The response of muscle and inflammation-related miRNAs to breast cancer and its treatment
Authors: Jiang Yanping , Annuk Heidi , Miller Nicola , Zhang Sai , Gupta Sanjeev , Gupta Ananya 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aim
this study aims to evaluate the response of muscle-specific (miR-1, miR-133, miR-208, miR-486, miR-499) and inflammation-related (miR-21, miR-146, and miR-155) miRNAs, well documented in side effects caused by cancer treatment and exercise physiology, to cancer and cancer treatment in breast cancer, in hope to looking for promising biomarkers to be investigated in prospective exercise program for monitoring physiologic response to exercise.
Methods
a total of 77 plasma was obtained from either Discipline of Surgery, University Hospital of Galway or Amsbio company. A panel of miRNAs, well documented in cancer- and cancer treatment-induced complications and exercise physiology, were detected in these 77 plasma samples by qRT-PCR.
Results
cancer subtypes and treatment approaches strongly impacted the expression of selected miRNAs: Luminal A had more impact on muscle-specific miRNAs while Luminal B had more impact on inflammation-related miRNAs; surgery, chemotherapy combined therapy (4 out of 5 cases had both surgery and chemotherapy) had a prominent effect on miRNA change (miR-21 and miR-486) compared to endocrine therapy. Treatment duration and age hugely impacted the expression of selected miRNAs: Muscle-specific miR-133 and miR-486 significantly respond to cancer treatment in the first 91 days, and also have different responses to cancer treatment between younger and older breast cancer patients.
Conclusion
muscle-specific and inflammation-related miRNAs respond differently regardless of cancer subtypes, treatment regimens and duration, and age. miR-21, miR-133, and miR-486 may be promising biomarkers to be investigated in prospective patient cohort studies in exercise-based cancer rehabilitation for monitoring physiologic response to exercise.
Investigating the Impact of National Functional Fitness Federations on Participation and Performance in the Sport of Functional Fitness
Authors: Roberts S. A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Purpose The International Functional Fitness Federation (IF3) was established in 2016 as the independent global governing body of the sport of Functional Fitness. Over 55 countries now recognise a National Functional Fitness Federation operating under the IF3, and a subset of these countries also recognise and support Functional Fitness as an official sport. The purpose of this study is to compare participation and performance in Functional Fitness between a country that has a highly active Federation and official recognition (Norway) and a country that does not (UK). The aim is to provide insight into the impact of active governance and official recognition on these parameters. Methods Participation and perceptions of Functional Fitness in both populations was investigated via an online survey developed by the researchers and distributed via convenience and snowball methods. In addition, publicly available data regarding participation and performance in IF3 and CrossFit® run global competitions was analysed. Results Norway outperforms the UK at the elite level Functional Fitness competitions investigated, and the data suggests a higher proportion of the Norwegian population participates in Functional Fitness, compared to the UK. There is greater awareness of both the IF3 and National Functional Fitness Federation in Norway. Motivations to train are similar across survey respondents, regardless of nation. Conclusion This study suggests official recognition of the sport and an active National Federation may enhance participation and performance in the sport.
Tinnitus: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Associations with Psychological Health and Auditory Safety
Authors: Ataya Sham , Nahas Louei Darjazini 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: Tinnitus is a condition characterized by the perception of sounds or ringing in the ears or head without an external sound source. It is a common phenomenon and can result from various causes. This auditory disorder includes cases ranging from mild and bothersome tinnitus to severe tinnitus that significantly impacts an individual's quality of life. Tinnitus is widespread globally and can affect individuals across different age groups.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among attendees of medical clinics in Damascus to investigate the prevalence of tinnitus. Inclusion criteria encompassed all clinic attendees during the period of April and May 2023, aged 18 years and above. Study objectives were explained in writing and accompanied by a questionnaire. Using the Tinnitus Screening Questionnaire, the sample was divided into three groups: 621 participants were included, with 418 experiencing tinnitus and 203 without tinnitus.
Results: The study, involving 621 participants, explored the prevalence and characteristics of tinnitus in a diverse population sample. Females constituted 70.5% of the sample, and the majority of participants were in the 18-39 age group (83.6%). 82.9% reported no hearing problems, while 20.8% used headphones daily. Tinnitus affected 67.3% of participants, with 13% experiencing pathological tinnitus. The study identified tinnitus-influencing factors, such as high noise levels (64.2%) and stress (34.6%). Health problems associated with tinnitus included anxiety and depression at 30.9%. The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory revealed significant issues in 34.6%. Seeking help was common (61.7%), with 46.8% reporting anxiety and depression. Gender and age showed statistically significant relationships with tinnitus prevalence. The study provides valuable insights into the multifaceted nature of tinnitus and its impact on individuals' well-being.
Conclusion: This study revealed high prevalence rates of tinnitus in a sample of clinic attendees in Syria. Psychogenic tinnitus had a higher prevalence among patients. Tinnitus was generally associated with chronic pain and increased exposure to risk factors. Awareness about tinnitus and understanding its causes is crucial, and therapeutic plans should be implemented to help patients regain control over their lifestyles.
Semantic Analysis of Phishing Emails Leading to Ransomware with ChatGPT
Authors: Fujima Himari , Takeuchi Kazuya , Kumamoto Takako 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ransomware attacks have rapidly emerged as crippling threats to organizational stability and business continuity. This study conducts an in-depth analysis of real-world phishing emails that often initiate ransomware deployments within companies. The key objectives encompass identifying psychological tricks, technical deceits and language anomalies commonly conveyed in such emails to better inform defensive strategies. Additionally, a ChatGPT-powered machine learning model is designed using natural language processing for automatically detecting ransomware phishing attempts. The findings reveal manipulative patterns regarding urgency triggers, security-related technical terminologies, and language inconsistencies that distinguish malicious emails from authentic communications. The model demonstrates high accuracy levels in categorizing phishing emails, serving as a swift automated layer of security against cunning ransomware infiltration.
A cross-sectional study regarding the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and its impact on the regular life of female students in Bangladesh
Authors: Jami Md. Abu Bakar Siddique , Sultana Rezwana , Islam Zasharatul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) can disrupt the lives of females, including students, affecting mood, cognition, and physical well-being.
Objective
Assessment of female students’ knowledge, attitude, and awareness regarding PMS, evaluation of the prevalence of PMS in Bangladesh, and its impact on the regular life of female students in Bangladesh.
Study Design:
It is a cross-sectional study using a stratified random sampling technique.
Method
Primary data were collected by conducting an online survey with a semi-structured questionnaire using a stratified random sampling technique. Data collection was carried out from March 2021 to October 2021. The subjects were a minimum of 13 years of age. A total of 366 female students from different demographic profiles participated in the survey.
Result
Most respondents (74.86%) were aged 21–25 and were undergraduate students (71.31%). 77.05% were familiar with PMS. Almost all (94%) experienced PMS symptoms. 38% experienced PMS symptoms a week prior to their period, while 42% were moderately affected by the physical symptoms. 43% rated PMS psychological and behavioral symptoms as moderately severe. The most common symptoms were cramping headache, and backache. PMS caused a loss of concentration for 65.85% during educational activities, and 59.56% experienced difficulty at work and in other regular activities.
Conclusion
PMS is common among female students in Bangladesh, affecting their concentration on academic activities. Education and social awareness programs should promote personal hygiene, sexual health, and overall awareness about PMS to address its impact on both personal and professional lives.
Waste reintroduced in the kitchen: life cycles inventories of representative waste-to-nutrition pathways
Authors: Javourez U. , Tituta-Barna L. , Hamelin L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Waste recovery technologies targeting the formulation of edible ingredients such as insects, microorganisms, or proteins extracts, are increasingly promoted to mitigate global environmental impacts. Yet, many conversion pathways exist, and little is known about the plausibility, the implications, and the environmental relevance of deploying them: a comparative framework is missing. To this end, we reviewed the available data and literature documenting these emerging biorefineries and compiled it into six harmonized life cycle inventory (LCI) models estimating the forecasted performances of 16 representative “waste-to-nutrition” pathways in function of 18 input stream characteristics and 293 process parameters. Illustrated on eleven case studies, the results quantify the untapped potential of transforming waste into novel food and feed, but also precisely document why these are no free lunches by unravelling the intrinsic trade-offs between their energy intensity, their yield and the initial composition-structure of input streams. We show that several scenarios are possible to achieve France’s protein feed autonomy by scaling and combining different waste-to-nutrition pathways, but that each scenario would lead to different implications for the energy system and in terms of biomass mobilization. As provided, the LCI models capture the implications associated with these waste recovery technologies and are ready to support their prospective life cycle assessment.
Seed coat-derived brassinosteroids non-cell autonomously regulate endosperm development
Authors: Lima Rita B. , Pankaj Rishabh , Ehlert Sinah , Finger Pascal , Fröhlich Anja , Bayle Vincent , Landrein Benoit , Sampathkumar Arun , Figueiredo Duarte D. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An angiosperm seed is formed by the embryo and endosperm, which are direct products of fertilization, and by the maternal seed coat. These tissues communicate with each other to ensure synchronized seed development. After fertilization, auxin produced in the endosperm is exported to the integuments where it drives seed coat formation. Here, we show that the seed coat signals back to the endosperm to promote its proliferation via the steroid hormones brassinosteroids (BR). We show that BR regulate cell wall-related processes in the seed coat, and that the biophysical properties of this maternal organ determine the proliferation rate of the endosperm in a manner independent from the timing of its cellularization. We thus propose that maternal BR signalling tunes endosperm proliferation to seed coat expansion.