bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
England and the Isovist
Authors: Carlsson Moa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
During the late 1950s and 60s, when the harsh encroachment of industrialisation in rural areas reached a new peak, landscape architecture, design and urban planning were sought out by industrialists as means to improve deteriorating public relations. Facing the contentious task of integrating large industrial structures—coal and nuclear power stations, pylons and power lines, coal mines, spoil heaps, motorways and oil terminals—the hired practitioners were asked to put their design skills and sensibilities to use in new ways. This chapter tells of how methods of perceiving, recording and describing scenery rationally and geometrically came to the fore in the siting of industrial projects, and in landscape planning more broadly. Geometry and abstraction offered landscape architects and planners, first, a new way of understanding the changing landscape, which corresponds with a broader turn to systematic and science-based planning during the post-war period. It also offered the practitioners a new way of capturing landscape change geometrically in charts and diagrams. The chapter traces how this new way of assessing scenery abstractly with properties and relations between points and lines, manifested in new ways of graphically simulating, predicting and ultimately controlling rural landscape change during the 1960s and 70s.
Landscapes of Military Modernity: From ‘Eyesores’ to National Heritage?
Authors: Readman Paul 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Throughout much of the twentieth century, there has been a sense that England’s green and pleasant land was affronted, desecrated even, by the appurtenances of modern war. Unlike their ancient and medieval equivalents, pillboxes, airfields, bunkers, nuclear weapons testing facilities and other twentieth-century military installations seemed incompatible with the natural environment—and with the integrity of the longer continuities of history embodied in the English landscape. Amenity bodies were among those most hostile to the militarisation of the national domain. Paying special attention to the National Trust, this essay argues that public recognition of the heritage value in modern-day military landscapes was slow, halting and contested. The ruination of these sites was perceived as disturbingly abrupt, the sometimes almost futuristic modernity of their structures suggestive as much of vicissitudes to come as of those now happily overborne. This perspective informed efforts to remove such ‘eyesores’ once abandoned by the armed services. For all that twentieth-century Britain may have been a ‘warfare’ as much as a ‘welfare’ state, the landscapes of Britain’s modern-day military experience were—and remain—incompletely integrated into mainstream understandings of national heritage.
A Linguistic Approach to Vocabulary Instruction: Using Etymology and Morphology to Learn Vocabulary, Improve Writing, and Read the World
Authors: Plackowski Amy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The language strand of the Common Core State Standards in the United States (2010) dictates that students finishing their secondary education should be able to ‘demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression’. Although the standards mention examining etymology and morphology to help teach vocabulary, these strategies are infrequently taught directly in favor of teaching students to use dictionaries and/or context clues. While valuable, these strategies by themselves do not give students the tools to decode an unfamiliar word or to understand the nature of language more broadly. This narrative details the process, successes, and challenges of integrating Historical Linguistics and morphology into vocabulary study over the course of one school year. It addresses the conception, planning, and implementation of this approach in two high school courses and levels. The learning goals of taking this approach are for students to be able to decode unfamiliar words when they encounter them outside of class, analyze the role of word choice in achieving a writer’s purpose, and appreciate linguistic variety by understanding language change. Vocabulary instruction is used within an antiracist pedagogy to examine linguistic privilege and prejudice, prescriptivism, and the relationship between language and power.
Oaxacan Languages and Linguistics in Mexican and US Elementary and Middle Schools
Authors: Mantenuto Iara* 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Linguistics can enhance and enrich the learning experiences of students at all levels of education by providing a powerful framework for understanding language and culture. In my research-led teaching practice (León Vázquez & Mantenuto 2019; Mantenuto 2019a, 2019b), I have presented about linguistics in elementary and middle schools in the US and Mexico, as a guest instructor for one-time classes. Although linguistics is not a regularly taught subject at the pre-university level in either the US or Mexico, these case studies show how linguistic work on Indigenous languages of Mexico can be introduced at any stage of education and have a positive impact on child/young adult education. The studies also speak more widely to the importance of an inclusive approach to bridging theory and practice through linguistics in non-university education, including the incorporation of languages historically excluded from the classroom, and the role of linguistics in building towards equity in education (Stollznow 2018).
Preliminary Comparison and Chronology of the Lithic Blade and Bladelet Assemblages at the Onset of the Upper Palaeolithic from Bacho Kiro, Temnata and Kozarnika Caves in the Eastern Balkans (Bulgaria)
Authors: Tsanova Tsenka 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents a renewed assessment of three landmark Palaeolithic sites in the Eastern Balkans (Bacho Kiro, Temnata and Kozarnika caves) from the transitional Middle to Upper Palaeolithic period (about 50 to 39 thousand years ago). The ongoing investigations at Bacho Kiro Cave allow for data attribution of the regional blade assemblages to the Eurasian Initial Upper Palaeolithic (IUP). Comparison of contextual information, chronological markers lithic technologies, fauna and worked bone assemblages are undertaken to discuss the establishment and duration of the IUP in the Eastern Balkans, and its connection with the preceding Levallois-Mousterian and subsequent Early Upper Palaeolithic (EUP) bladelet industry from Kozarnika Cave. The Eastern Balkans, a major migration corridor, represent a physical link between the IUP sites in Southwest Asia and Central Europe, and between the EUP sites in the Levant (Ahmarian) and Western Europe (Protoaurignacian). The preliminary comparison suggests that there are two distinct technological traditions at the onset of the UP, corresponding to at least two consecutive H. sapiens dispersal waves (IUP and EUP). It is still unclear if the Levallois-Mousterian assemblages represent an interaction between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens, or if they resulted from a previous IUP dispersal.
Lunar synchrony, geography, and individual clocks shape autumn migration timing in an avian migrant
Authors: Korpach Alicia M , Davy Christina M , Mills Alex M , Fraser Kevin C 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Timing programs in animal migrants have been selected to synchronize movements that coincide with predictable resources on the breeding and nonbreeding grounds. Migrants face potential temporal conflicts if their migration schedules benefit from synchrony to conflicting rhythms associated with annual biogeographical (circannual) cues, lunar (circalunar) cues, or individually repeatable internal clocks. We repeat-tracked individuals of an avian lunaphilic species, Eastern Whip-poor-will (Antrostomus vociferus), for two to three successive autumn migrations to determine the influence of the lunar cycle, breeding location, and individual repeatability on migration timing. Almost all birds avoided departing for migration during a full moon, likely to take advantage of the bright moonlight to facilitate visual foraging and enhance pre-migration fattening. However, groups from two latitudinally distant sampling areas adjusted their autumn departure timing differently relative to the timing of the September full moon, presumably due to differences in seasonal prey availability. Individual repeatability increased throughout autumn migration, suggesting that the factors responsible for shaping migration timing may differ for different migration stages. Our results, that lunar synchrony, local climate, and individual internal clocks appeared to account for much of the variation in migration timing in whip-poor-wills, underscore the value of measuring potentially interacting factors that shape migratory behavior at species, group, and individual levels. It remains unclear if, or how, maintaining individually repeatable annual migration schedules provides an adaptive benefit for whip-poor-wills or other lunaphilic migrants. Further clarifying the reasons for phenotypic variation in whip-poor-will migration timing will improve predictions of their abilities to adjust migratory movements under changing environmental conditions.
Unsupervised and supervised AI on molecular dynamics simulations reveals complex characteristics of HLA-A2-peptide immunogenicity
Authors: Weber Jeffrey K , Morrone Joseph A , Kang Seung-gu , Zhang Leili , Lang Lijun , Chowell Diego , Krishna Chirag , Huynh Tien , Parthasarathy Prerana , Luan Binquan , Alban Tyler J , Cornell Wendy D , Chan Timothy A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Immunologic recognition of peptide antigens bound to class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules is essential to both novel immunotherapeutic development and human health at large. Current methods for predicting antigen peptide immunogenicity rely primarily on simple sequence representations, which allow for some understanding of immunogenic features but provide inadequate consideration of the full scale of molecular mechanisms tied to peptide recognition. We here characterize contributions that unsupervised and supervised artificial intelligence (AI) methods can make toward understanding and predicting MHC(HLA-A2)-peptide complex immunogenicity when applied to large ensembles of molecular dynamics simulations. We first show that an unsupervised AI method allows us to identify subtle features that drive immunogenicity differences between a cancer neoantigen and its wild-type peptide counterpart. Next, we demonstrate that a supervised AI method for class I MHC(HLA-A2)-peptide complex classification significantly outperforms a sequence model on small datasets corrected for trivial sequence correlations. Furthermore, we show that both unsupervised and supervised approaches reveal determinants of immunogenicity based on time-dependent molecular fluctuations and anchor position dynamics outside the MHC binding groove. We discuss implications of these structural and dynamic immunogenicity correlates for the induction of T cell responses and therapeutic T cell receptor design.
A novel control strategy of a variable-speed doubly-fed-induction-generator-based wind energy conversion system
Authors: Mohapatra Shibani Prasad , Dash Pradipta Kishore 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to address the issue of control of a variable-speed wind turbine based on doubly-fed induction generators. In this work, an effort is made to extract the maximum efficiency from a doubly-fed induction generator-based variable-speed wind turbine by controlling the rotor current. In the first step, a maximum power point tracking technique is used to extract the maximum power from the turbine. Then a stator-flux-oriented vector control strategy is employed to control the rotor-side current. Subsequently, a grid voltage vector-oriented control strategy is used to control the grid-side system of the grid-connected generator. Considering the nonlinearity and parameter uncertainty of the system, an active disturbance rejection controller with a sliding-mode-based extended-state observer is developed for the above-mentioned control strategies. Furthermore, the stability of the controller is tested and the performance of the controller is compared with the classical proportional–integral controller based on disturbance rejection, robustness and tracking capability in a highly non-linear wind speed variation scenario. Modelling, control and comparison are conducted in the MATLAB®/Simulink® environment. Finally, a real-time hardware set-up is presented using the dSPACE ds-1104 R&D processing board to validate the control scheme. From the result of the experiments, it is seen that the proposed controller takes 10–15 control cycles to settle to its steady-state values, depending on the control loop, whereas the conventional proportional–integral controller takes 60–75 control cycles. As a result, the settling time for the proposed control scheme is shorter than that of the proportional–integral controller.
Atmospheric resonant oscillations by the 2022 January 15 eruption of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai volcano from GNSS-TEC observations
Authors: Heki Kosuke 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Continuous Plinian eruptions often excite atmospheric modes of ∼3.7 and ∼4.4 mHz, which are observed as harmonic oscillations of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) by global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. Such TEC oscillations started shortly after the great eruption of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) submarine volcano at ∼4:14 UT, on 2022 January 15. Here I analyse GNSS data at stations within ∼4000 km from the volcano to study temporal and spatial distribution of such atmospheric modes. Strong ∼3.7 mHz TEC oscillations in near fields started shortly after the eruption onset and propagated outward with the sound speed from HTHH. Later such TEC oscillations became strong again with the amplitude peak at the distance ∼1400 km from HTHH. Such far field oscillations occurred also above New Zealand and the Solomon Islands, ∼3000 km from HTHH. Their amplitudes seem correlated with those of the 0S29 solid earth mode, suggesting that vertical surface vibrations underneath may play a role in maintaining the atmospheric mode. Onset of the far field TEC oscillations are synchronized with the local sunrise, possibly controlled by diurnal changes in the ionospheric electron density.
BL-Hi-C reveals the 3D genome structure of Brassica crops with high sensitivity
Authors: Zhang Lupeng , Zhao Ranze , Liang Jianli , Cai Xu , Zhang Lei , Guo Huiling , Zhang Zhicheng , Wu Jian , Wang Xiaowu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
High-throughput Chromatin Conformation Capture (Hi-C) technologies can be used to investigate the three-dimensional genomic structure of plants. However, the practical utility of these technologies is impeded by significant background noise, hindering their capability in detecting fine 3D genomic structures. In this study, we optimized the Bridge Linker Hi-C technology (BL-Hi-C) to comprehensively investigate the 3D chromatin landscape of Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea. The Bouquet configuration of both B. rapa and B. oleracea was elucidated through the construction of a 3D genome simulation. The optimized BL-Hi-C exhibited lower background noise compared to conventional Hi-C methods. Taking this advantage, we used BL-Hi-C to identify FLC gene loops in Arabidopsis, B. rapa, and B. oleracea. We observed that gene loops of FLC2 exhibited conservation across Arabidopsis, B. rapa, and B. oleracea. While gene loops of syntenic FLCs exhibited conservation across B. rapa and B. oleracea, variations in gene loops were evident among multiple paralogs FLCs within the same species. Collectively, our findings highlight the high sensitivity of optimized BL-Hi-C as a powerful tool for investigating the fine 3D genomic organization.
Insights into the functional role of tomato TM6 as a transcriptional regulator of flower development
Authors: Fonseca Rocío , Capel Carmen , Lebrón Ricardo , Ortiz-Atienza Ana , Yuste-Lisbona Fernando J , Angosto Trinidad , Capel Juan , Lozano Rafael 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Flower development is a crucial step towards the completion of the plant life cycle. Physiological processes and gene regulatory mechanisms underlying flower formation have been extensively characterized, and the implication of MADS-box transcription factors as primary regulators of flower morphology has been widely described, mainly due to the analysis of loss-of-function mutants in model species. Nevertheless, detailed characterization of allele variation in several MADS-box homologous genes from crop species remains undescribed. Here, we have characterized a tomato mutant with aberrant flower development. Mutant plants exhibit changes in petal cell identity, as well as homeotic transformations of stamens into carpelloid structures, which in most cases result in succulent organs. Molecular analysis proved that a loss-of-function mutation in the TOMATO MADS-BOX 6 (TM6) gene is responsible for this mutant phenotype. Furthermore, as a result of the loss of function of TM6, misregulation of the transcription and mRNA processing of other MADS-box genes involved in reproductive development has been detected. Our findings demonstrate that TM6 is a key player in the complex regulatory network of MADS-box genes controlling flower development and also provide a novel mutant that may be useful for generating male sterile lines in tomatoes.
A fast and reliable larval sampling method for improving the monitoring of fruit flies in soft and stone fruits
Authors: Zriki Ghais , Belois Rémy , Fournier Christine , Tergoat-Bertrand Léa , Poupart Pierre-Yves , Bardel Amélie , Gard Benjamin , Rode Nicolas O 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), threatens both the soft-skinned and stone fruit industry in Asia, Europe, and America. Integrated pest management requires monitoring for infestation rates in real time. Although baited traps for adult D. suzukii are widely used for field monitoring, trap captures are weakly correlated to larval infestation rates. Thus, monitoring for larvae instead of adult flies represents the most reliable monitoring technique. Current methods for larval monitoring (e.g., sugar or salt floatation) are time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this study, we develop a new “sleeve method” for detecting larvae in strawberries through the inspection of individual fruits crushed within transparent plastic sleeves. Samples can be optionally frozen until further processing. Based on count data from non-expert observers, the estimation of larval infestation with the sleeve method is fast, precise, and highly repeatable within and among observers. Mean processing time is half the time compared to previous methods (33–80 s per sample depending on infestation levels). As the accuracy of the sleeve method decreases with infestation levels, we suggest ways to improve its accuracy by incubating fruits for 48 h and calibrating data using fruits with a known number of larvae. The method could also be used in other fruits, as it is easier to use, faster, and requires less equipment than previous monitoring methods. Finally, the method represents a promising tool for growers or researchers to effectively monitor and manage D. suzukii and other insect pests of soft and stone fruits.
The finite sequences and the partitions whose members are finite of a set
Authors: Phansamdaeng Palagorn , Vejjajiva Pimpen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate relationships between $|\text{{seq}}(A)|$ and $|\text{{Part}}_{\text{{fin}}}(A)|$ in the absence of the Axiom of Choice, where $\text{{seq}}(A)$ is the set of finite sequences of elements in a set $A$ and $\text{{Part}}_{\text{{fin}}}(A)$ is the set of partitions of $A$ whose members are finite. We show that $|\text{{seq}}(A)|&lt;|\text{{Part}}_{\text{{fin}}}(A)|$ if $A$ is Dedekind-infinite and the condition cannot be removed. Moreover, this relationship holds for an arbitrary infinite set $A$ if we restrict $\text{{seq}}(A)$ to the set of finite sequences with a bounded length.
The politics of presidential removals
Authors: Gailmard Lindsey 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Much scholarship and legal reasoning assume that the ability to remove and replace political appointees furthers presidential control. However, I argue that the possibility of removal changes the agency problem between the president and her appointees in a subtle but important way that affects the president’s appointment problem. I demonstrate that the president may have incentives to make nonally appointments to encourage reliance on bureaucratic expertise. To show this, I develop a formal model that introduces career concerns for appointees that lead them to distort their use of bureaucratic expertise to appear more expert. The president is uncertain of an appointee’s expertise but infers it from the appointee’s involvement in policymaking. In equilibrium, nonexpert appointees more aligned with the president face greater incentives to determine policy themselves to improve their reputation. By selecting nonally appointees, the president commits to sometimes dismiss even experts which improves her control over policymaking (JEL C72, D73).
Spectroscopic identification of rapidly rotating red giant stars in APOKASC-3 and APOGEE DR16
Authors: Patton Rachel A , Pinsonneault Marc H , Cao Lyra , Vrard Mathieu , Mathur Savita , García Rafael A , Tayar Jamie , Daher Christine Mazzola , Beck Paul G 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Rotationally enhanced red giant stars are astrophysically interesting but rare. In this paper, we present a catalogue of 3217 active red giant candidates in the APOGEE DR16 (Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment – Data Release 16) survey. We use a control sample in the well-studied Kepler fields to demonstrate a strong relationship between rotation and anomalies in the spectroscopic solution relative to typical giants. Stars in the full survey with similar solutions are identified as candidates. We use vsini measurements to confirm that 50 ± 1.2 per cent of our DR16 candidates are rotationally enhanced (vsini &gt; 5 km s−1), compared to 4.9 ± 0.2 per cent in the Kepler control sample. In both, the Kepler control sample and a control sample from DR16, we find that there are 3–4 times as many giants rotating with intermediate velocities of 5 &lt; vsini &lt; 10 km s−1 compared to velocities of vsini &gt; 10 km s−1, the traditional threshold for rapid rotation for red giants. The vast majority of intermediate rotators are not spectroscopically anomalous. We use binary diagnostics from APOGEE and Gaia to infer a binary fraction of 73 ± 2.4 per cent among the confirmed rotationally enhanced giants in DR16. We identify a significant bias in the reported metallicity for DR16 candidates with complete spectroscopic solutions, with a median offset of −0.37 dex in [M/H] from a control sample. As such, up to 10 per cent of stars with reported [M/H]&lt;−1 are not truly metal poor. Finally, we use Gaia data to identify a subpopulation of main-sequence photometric binaries erroneously classified as giants.