bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of eGFR methods in a Sub-Saharan African community-based pediatric population
Authors: Alao Michael Abel , Ibrahim Olayinka Rasheed , Asinobi Adanze Onyenonachi , Ademola Debo Adebowale , Ekrikpo Udeme Ekpenyong , Olowu Wasiu A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Backgrounds
Accurate eGFR assessment is crucial for early CKD detection, management and optimal medication dosing, but its validation, especially for Cystatin C-based equations, are limited in African children and adolescents with CKD. This study evaluates eGFR equations utilising Cystatin C and creatinine in this population.
Methods:
This prospective community-based cohort study assessed CKD in children aged 1 to 18 using Cystatin C and serum creatinine. We evaluated eGFR performance with the Bland-Altman plot and ROC curve. Lin's concordance assessed agreement between various equations and the reference standard (Schwartz CKiD equations). Pairwise ROC curve comparisons determined statistical differences in estimation equation performance.
Results:
The mean age of 688 children and adolescents evaluated for CKD was 7.8 (± 3.9) years, with 341 (49.6%) being male. The Pottel equation had the lowest mean bias (-3.41, 95% CI: -2.57 to -4.25), highest discriminatory power (0.989), highest accuracy across all age groups, and highest CKD detection. Bouvet's formula had the highest mean bias [-48.66 (95% CI: -50.75 to -46.57)] across all age groups, but an average ROC discriminatory power of 0.889. Zappitelli had a lower ROC discriminatory value (0.547) but a modest bias (-20.22; 95% CI -22.21 to -18.23). Lin's concordance with Schwartz CKiD was highest with Pottel (0.99) and lowest with Bouvet (0.08). Zappetti and Chehade disagreed most, but Pottel and Chehade agreed closely on equation pairwise comparisons.
Conclusion:
In African children with CKD, Pottel's height-independent equation outperformed Chehade, Zappitelli, and Bouvet in terms of ROC discriminatory value, accuracy, and Schwartz CKiD concordance.
A Pilot Feasibility Evaluation of a Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback App to Improve Self-Care in COVID-19 Healthcare Workers
Authors: Mensinger Janell L. , Weissinger Guy M. , Cantrell Mary Ann , Baskin Rachel , George Cerena 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
COVID-19 exacerbated burnout and mental health concerns among the healthcare workforce. Due to high work stress, demanding schedules made attuned eating behaviors a particularly challenging aspect of self-care for healthcare workers. This study aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a mindfulness-based heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) mobile app for improving well-being among healthcare workers reporting elevated eating distress during COVID-19. We conducted a mixed methods pre-mid-post single-arm pilot feasibility trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04921228). Deductive content analysis of participants’ commentary generated qualitative themes. Linear mixed models were used to examine changes in pre- mid- to post-assessment scores on well-being outcomes. We consented 28 healthcare workers (89% female; 82% Non-Hispanic White; 79% nurses) to use and evaluate an HRVB mobile app. Of these, 89% fully enrolled by attending the app and device training; 82% were engaged in all elements of the protocol. Over half (52%) completed at least 10 minutes of HRVB on two-thirds or more study days. Most participants (75%) reported being likely or extremely likely to continue HRVB. Common barriers to engagement were busy schedules, fatigue, and technology difficulties. However, participants felt that HRVB helped them relax and connect better to their body’s signals and experiences. Results suggested preliminary efficacy for improving interoception, mindful self-care, body appreciation, intuitive eating, stress, resilience, and disordered eating. HRVB has potential as a low-cost adjunct tool for enhancing well-being in healthcare workers through positively connecting to the body, especially during times of increased stress when attuned eating behavior becomes difficult to uphold.
Contrasting packing modes for tubular assemblies in chlorosomes
Authors: Miloslavina Yuliya A. , Thomas Brijith , Reus Michael , Gupta Karthick Babu Sai Sankar , Oostergetel Gert T. , Andreas Loren B. , Holzwarth Alfred R. , de Groot Huub J.M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The largest light-harvesting antenna in nature, the chlorosome, is a heterogeneous helical BChl self-assembly that has evolved in green bacteria to harvest light for performing photosynthesis in low-light environments. Guided by NMR chemical shifts and distance constraints for Chlorobaculum tepidum wild-type chlorosomes, the two contrasting packing modes for syn-anti parallel stacks of BChl c to form polar 2D arrays, with dipole moments adding up, are explored. Layered assemblies were optimized using local orbital density functional and plane wave pseudopotential methods. The packing mode with the lowest energy contains syn-anti and anti-syn H-bonding between stacks. It can accommodate R and S epimers, and side chain variability. For this packing, a match with the available EM data on the subunit axial repeat and optical data is obtained with multiple concentric cylinders for a rolling vector with the stacks running at an angle of 21° to the cylinder axis and with the BChl dipole moments running at an angle ~ 55° to the tube axis, in accordance with optical data. A packing mode involving alternating syn and anti parallel stacks that is at variance with EM appears higher in energy. A weak cross-peak at -6 ppm in the MAS NMR with 50 kHz spinning, assigned to C-181, matches the shift of antiparallel dimers, which possibly reflects a minor impurity-type fraction in the self-assembled BChl c.
Comparing the effectiveness of adulticide application interventions on mitigating local transmission of dengue virus
Authors: Kummer Allisandra G. , Wilke André B.B. , Ventura Paulo C. , Vasquez Chalmers , Medina Johana , Unlu Isik , Gonzalez Yaziri , Ejima Keisuke , Ajelli Marco 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The southern US is vulnerable to importations of dengue. Understanding the effectiveness of mosquito control interventions to be employed in response to a dengue outbreak, such as adulticide spraying, are critical for mitigating the risks posed by the dengue virus (DENV). By leveraging a unique dataset of diel activity patterns of Ae. aegypti in Miami-Dade County, FL, and Brownsville, TX, we used a mechanistic model to simulate a local DENV outbreak and assess adulticide spraying interventions at varying times of day. We then performed a comparative analysis of DENV transmission dynamics produced by the model between scenarios that differ by the presence of interventions and the time of day that the interventions are implemented. We observed that spraying adulticide for 14 consecutive days at 7am or 8pm were highly effective in educing the outbreak potential (10% in the absence of interventions vs. 0.1% for Miami-Dade County; 7.8% vs. 0.1% for Brownsville) and the median number of symptomatic infections after outbreak identification (67.0 in the absence of interventions vs. 1.0 for Miami-Dade County; 15.0 vs. 1.0 for Brownsville). These findings show that adulticide application when Ae. aegypti is most active translates into a remarkable effect of in mitigating DENV transmission. Our modeling analysis provides valuable insights to inform vector control authorities on the effectiveness of adulticide spraying interventions in different contexts.
Machine Learning Advancements in SQL Injection Detection: NLP and Feature Engineering Strategies
Authors: Rattrout Amjad , Jaradat Majdi , Jayousi Rashid 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This research proposes the DSQLIA model, which enhances the accuracy of machine learning (ML) algorithms in detecting SQL injection attacks. Traditional rule-based and signature-based methods face limitations in effectively identifying evolving attack techniques. To address this, DSQLIA employs feature engineering and Natural Language Processing (NLP). Relevant features capturing the unique characteristics of SQL injection attacks are identified and created through feature engineering. NLP techniques are applied to analyze the textual content of SQL queries and extract meaningful information for distinguishing between legitimate and malicious queries.The DSQLIA model evaluates different ML algorithms, including decision trees, support vector machines (SVM), and artificial neural networks (ANN), on a dataset. Various performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score are used to assess algorithm effectiveness. Results show that the SVM algorithm achieves the highest accuracy of 0.994, followed by the decision tree with 0.975, and the ANN with 0.966. This highlights the improved performance of SVM in accurately classifying SQL queries.By combining feature engineering and NLP techniques, the DSQLIA model enhances ML accuracy in SQL injection detection, offering a valuable approach to mitigating the risks posed by these vulnerabilities in web applications.
A Nomogram Model for Early Predicting In-Hospital Mortality Risk in Patients with Large Hemispheric Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Ding Jian , Ma Xiaoming , Yue Chunxian , Huang Wendie , Xu Geman , Wang Yumei , Liu Meng , Sheng Shiying , Yuan Jie , Ren Yi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Large Hemispheric Infarction (LHI) poses significant mortality and morbidity risks, necessitating predictive models for in-hospital mortality. Previous studies have explored LHI progression to malignant cerebral edema (MCE) but have not comprehensively addressed in-hospital mortality risk, especially in non-decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) patients.
Methods: Demographic, clinical, risk factor, and laboratory data were gathered. The population was randomly divided into Development and Validation Groups at a 3:1 ratio, with no statistically significant differences observed. Variable selection utilized the Bonferroni-corrected Boruta technique (p < 0.01). Logistic Regression retained essential variables, leading to the development of a nomogram. ROC and DCA curves were generated, and calibration was conducted based on the Validation Group.
Results: This study included 314 patients with acute anterior-circulating LHI, with 29.6% in the Death group (n = 93). Significant variables, including Glasgow Coma Score, Collateral Score, NLR, Ventilation, Non-MCA territorial involvement, and Midline Shift, were identified through the Boruta algorithm.
The final Logistic Regression model led to a nomogram creation, exhibiting excellent discriminative capacity. Calibration curves in the Validation Group showed a high degree of conformity with actual observations. DCA curve analysis indicated substantial clinical net benefit within the 5% to 85% threshold range.
Conclusions: We have utilized NIHSS score, Collateral Score, NLR, mechanical ventilation, non-MCA territorial involvement, and midline shift to develop a highly accurate, user-friendly nomogram for predicting in-hospital mortality in LHI patients. This nomogram serves as valuable reference material for future studies on LHI patient prognosis and mortality prevention, while addressing previous research limitations.
Determination on the Thickness of Superficially Weathered Layer of Stone Cultural Relics
Authors: Wang Xuemei , Luo Hongjie , Yu Haidong , Xiong Can , Dai Hui , Huang Xiao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Weathering is commonly observed in stone cultural relics around the world. Superficial weathering in forms of granular disaggregation, powdering and flaking on the stone surface is one of the most serious damages to the stone relics, since the surface carries most of artistic, historical information. Apparently, the determination on the thickness of superficially weathered layer of stone cultural relics is critical to their conservation. However, the methodology for quantitative analyses of the thickness of superficial weathered layer on stone relics remains very limited. In this study, we carefully study the moisture absorption and pore structure evolution of stone relics with respect to its weathering. We find out that the thickness of superficial weathered layer can be derived from the moisture absorption or pore structure information. Data acquired from these methods are consistent with each other and in well agreement with the results obtained by currently using techniques such as drilling resistance measurement etc.
Mendelian Randomization Study of the Causal Relationships between Food and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Authors: Yu Du , Jiang Huiyu , Liu Qing , Wu Wenxi , Wang Yu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common digestive disorder that affects the quality of life of millions of people. Although many lifestyle factors, such as diet, are thought to be associated with GERD, the causal relationships are unclear. Mendelian randomization (MR) is a method that uses genetic variation to infer causality. We aimed to evaluate the causal relationships between food and GERD using MR.
Method
We included 17 food variables, including Alcohol intake frequency, Beef, Bread, Cereal, Cheese, Coffee, Cooked vegetable, Dried fruit, Fresh fruit, Lamb/mutton, Non-oily fish, Oily fish, Pork, Poultry, Processed meat, Salad / raw vegetable, and Tea in our analysis. We performed sensitivity tests, heterogeneity tests, and pleiotropic tests to ensure the validity of our results.
Result
Our results showed that Alcohol intake frequency, Bread, Cereal, Cheese, Dried fruit, Poultry and GERD were causally related through two-sample MR and multi-variate MR analysis.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that modifying certain dietary factors may help reduce the risk of GERD.
Unveiling the Presence of Limestone, Chert and Fossil Leaves in Disang Group Exposed in the North- easternmost Part of Assam-Arakan Basin, India: An Integrated Study on Lithology, Petrography, and Clay Mineralogy
Authors: Kachari Dimple Moni , Taye Chaitra Dhar , Chutia Ananya 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Disang Group of the north-easternmost part of Assam-Arakan Basin is predominantly made up of shales with sandstone and siltstone. The current study attempts to investigate its provenance, tectonic setting, paleoclimate, and diagenetic history using integrated approach of field investigation, petrography, and clay mineralogy. It has revealed for the first time that the Disang Group of the present study area also comprises fossil leaves, limestone, and chert in addition to the already reported shales, sandstone, and siltstone. Petrographic analysis of sandstones has shown that they are fine to medium-grained, poorly to moderately sorted, with sub-angular to sub-rounded grains, and are classified as quartz arenite, quartz wacke, arkosic wacke, and lithic greywacke. The studied rocks were derived mostly from plutonic as well as metamorphic source rocks in a variable climatic condition from arid to tropical humid, and the source areas were of low to moderate relief. Tectonic discrimination diagrams have suggested craton interior and recycled orogen provenance. The occurrence of clay minerals like chlorite, illite, and smectite-montmorillonite has implied weathering in a cold, arid climate. The diagenetic processes involved were of early to late stages. The presence of chert beds indicates deep marine and that of carbonates indicate shallow marine environment, whereas the fossil leaves are indicative of their deposition in a much shallower part of the basin. Thus, there must have been a change in environment from deep marine to shallow marine during the deposition of the Disang Group under study.
Network Analysis of Social Support and Anxiety Dimensions Among College Students
Authors: Feng Tingwei , Ren Lei , Li Danyang , Wu Lin , Mi Mingdi , Wang Yifei , Wang Buyao , Wang Hui , Liu Xufeng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Previous research has suggested that transitioning from the level of impairment to the level of symptoms may provide a more nuanced understanding in psychopathology. This study aims to explore the relationships between the three dimensions of perceived social support (i.e., family support, friend support, and other support) and individual symptoms of anxiety among college students.
Methods
We conducted a network analysis of anxiety symptoms and perceived social support in a sample of 4105 college students. Two networks were constructed in this study, namely the Perceived Social Support-Anxiety network. Bridge centrality indices were calculated for variables within both networks.
Results
In this sample, perceived social support showed a significant association with anxiety symptoms. Bridge centrality analysis revealed that, in both networks, family support had negative bridge expected influence values, while friend support and other support had positive bridge expected influence values.
Conclusions
The results unveil specific roles of perceived social support in relation to anxiety at the symptom level.
Development and validation of a survival prediction model for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic segment with pT1-2 lymph node metastasis
Authors: Lei Jingle , Ma Keru , Jiang Xiangyu , Bai Yuwen , Fang Chengyuan , Ma Jianqun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background: Research on predicting disease-specific survival (DSS) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) of the thoracic segment with pT1 to 2 lymph node metastases is insufficient. The nomogram is an excellent tool for individualized assessment. Methods: A total of 146 patients from Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital were included in the training cohort. 478 patients from the SEER database were included in the validation cohort. Independent risk factors were analyzed through Cox proportional hazards regression, and a nomogram was developed to predict 3- and 5-year DSS. Prognostic efficacy was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) and validated in the SEER validation cohort. Results: In the training cohort of 146 cases, the median DSS and IQR (Q1-Q3) for patients with lymph node metastasis was 30.5 months (16.1-67.4 months). In the validation cohort of 478 cases, the median DSS and IQR (Q1-Q3) for patients with lymph node metastasis was 22 months (9-63 months). Predictors of DSS were identified using Cox univariate and multivariate analyses, with pT stage, grade, and chemotherapy identified as significant factors. Conclusion: We created a nomogram. Internal and external validation studies were performed. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and AUC value, calibration curve, and DCA confirmed the high predictive ability of the nomogram. The newly developed nomogram can accurately forecast DSS in patients with thoracic segment ESCC and pT1-2 lymph node metastasis.
Unveiling Distinctive Eye-Tracking Markers to Distinguish Toddlers with High-Risk Autism Spectrum Disorder within an Elevated Risk Toddler Population
Authors: Pachner Orsolya , Soltész Péter , Gyebnár Dóra , Gombos Ferenc , Gerván Patrícia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Eye-tracking technology can be utilized to identify early markers of autism. Several atypical features of social attention has been revealed by eye-tracking studies in ASD toddlers. Our objective was to investigate novel eye-tracking variables aimed at distinguishing the ASD group from a population at elevated risk.
Methods
We recorded eye gaze data during the presentation of dynamic social attention stimuli with a self-developed eye-tracking device. We used two types of social attention stimuli: joint attention (ostensive) and preferential looking paradigm. In our research, we analyzed the data of 74 toddlers between 12–30 months (42 nonASD, mean age:22.5 ± 5,0 month; 32 with high-risk ASD (hrASD), mean age 23.3 ± 4,8 month). To examine group differences, we utilized both traditional and innovative eye movement variables, including those based on areas of interest (AOI), Markov variables and gaze retention interval variables (GRI).
Results
As anticipated, we observed significant differences between the two groups across most variables. Typically, within the preferential paradigm, the distinct indicators of the social domain were higher on average in the non-ASD group compared to the hrASD group, while the non-social domain exhibited the opposite trend. In the joint attention paradigm, group differences appeared to be associated with the prompting and ostensive aspects of interpersonal engagement. The hrASD group consistently displayed a lower level of social attention towards individuals, albeit with a smaller effect size compared to the preferential paradigm. The results of correlations with ADOS scores indicated that the social ratio in the preferential paradigm exhibited the strongest negative correlation. Notably, there were higher effect sizes within the hrASD group in comparison to the non-ASD group when correlation with ADOS scores was tested separately for each group.
Conclusions
We have developed variables (Markov and GRI) that are robust enough to use even in the noisy eye movement recordings typical of early childhood. In the preferential paradigm, besides the AOI ratio measures, the Markov and GRI variables show promise in distinguishing ASD toddlers. Furthermore, they exhibit potential for predicting the severity level and the likelihood of autism by correlating with the ADOS score. It is conceivable that, when utilized in conjunction, these variables capture characteristics indicative of early signs of autism.
The band gap engineering with enhanced electronic, mechanical and optical responses of CsPbl3 under pressure: First-principles calculations
Authors: Babar Mehrunisa , Anwar Abdul Waheed , Moin Muhammad , Thumua Udayabhaskararao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Halide perovskite based materials have garnered substantial attention within the research community due to their numerous applications in scientific and engineering advancements. In this regard, the properties of cubic perovskite CsPbI3 have been investigated under varying hydrostatic pressures, encompassing structural, mechanical, optical, and electronic aspects. Employing density functional theory, a comprehensive analysis of CsPbI3 has been conducted, revealing its behavior under pressures ranging from 0 to 55GPa. Particularly, the computed lattice parameters and unit cell volumes exhibit significant reduction under elevated pressures. The intrinsic structure of CsPbI3 exhibits a direct band gap tuning (1.85 eV, 1.093eV, 0.93eV, 0.807eV, 0.759eV, 0.536eV and 0.350eV) at the Γ (Gamma) position at increasing external pressure (0 to 55 GPa). Remarkably, the material maintains its direct band gap characteristics under these pressures, retaining its optical activity. The alteration in bandgap arises from transformations in the density of states, impacting both the valence band maximum and the conduction band minimum. This mechanical response not only showcases the material's ductile behavior but also underscores its propensity to enhance its properties under external pressure. Moreover, the computed dielectric coefficients demonstrate a remarkable shift towards the ultraviolet (UV) range. As external pressure increases, this effect becomes more pronounced, leading to significant improvements in both optical absorption and conductivity within the CsPbI3 system. These enhancements predominantly occur within the UV range, presenting a compelling advantage for the material's potential application in solar cells.