bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of Imprint Cytology for the Rapid Diagnosis of Mucormycosis in the COVID-19 Pandemic Setting – A Pilot Study
Authors: Menon Varna , Al Salami Ahmed , Al Balushi Maryam , Israr Faisal , Al Balushi Noora , Al Anboori Sheikha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
The second wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic recorded a surge in rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) infection in COVID-19-positive patients with diabetes and on concomitant steroid therapy. The rapidly progressive and devastating nature of the disease necessitated prompt diagnosis and early intervention to improve patient outcomes. Histopathology and fungal culture remain essential tools; however, these investigations have long and variable turn-around times (TATs) and may delay the initiation of treatment. Frozen section is not widely available and should be avoided in COVID-19-positive cases due to the risk of aerosol production and droplet exposure. In cases with high clinicoradiologic suspicion for mucormycosis, imprint cytologic evaluation provides a rapid diagnosis. Familiarity with fungal cytomorphology, awareness of morphologic pitfalls, and implementation of a standardized reporting format aid in diagnostic accuracy.

Method:
Eighteen COVID-19-positive patients, who were admitted to our hospital with clinical suspicion of mucormycosis during June and July 2021, were included in the study. We used nasal or oral imprint cytology for the initial, rapid detection of Mucor. Cytology findings were correlated with histopathology and fungal culture results. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated.

Results:
The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 100%, 100%, 100% and 100%, respectively.

Conclusion:
This study showed that imprint cytology can be a rapid, cost-effective, first-line diagnostic modality in Mucor diagnosis.
Assessment of diet diversity among working women in Mumbai and its association with diabetes risk as determined by the Indian diabetes risk score: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Choudhary Sthuti , Ramesh Anuradha , Nigudkar Madhuri 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims and Objective:
Diet diversity is defined as the number of food groups consumed over a reference period and the effect of diet diversity on diabetes risk is controversial in different populations. The purpose of this study was to determine an association between diet diversity and diabetes risk and identify a trend among working women in Mumbai.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted among working women in Mumbai. Working women of the age 21‐50 years were eligible for participation. A self-designed questionnaire with four sections of questions on socio-demographic, anthropometric, diabetes risk determination by Indian Diabetes Risk Score and dietary data where diet diversity was determined using Modified Women’s Diet Diversity Score (MWDDS) was administered.

Results:
Two hundred and one working women participated and it was found that the mean diabetes risk score was 47.9 ± 18.3 with 89.5% of the population having a moderate to high risk. The mean diet diversity score was 4.2% and 94.5% of the population had a low to moderate diet diversity score. As the diet diversity increases, on the one hand the percentage of people having a high risk (31.1%, 36.6%, 45.5%) of diabetes also increases but on the other hand the percentage of those having a low risk (13.3%, 10.3%, 0%) of diabetes decreases, but this is not statistically significant (P 0.711).

Conclusion:
There was no significant association between diet diversity and diabetes risk; however, a significant positive association was seen between energy and nutrient consumption and diabetes risk, as well as between diet diversity and energy and nutrient consumption.
A qualitative study on perceptions and practices of diabetes prevention and management in rural south India
Authors: Lakshmi Natarajan , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Rhodes Elizabeth C , Nora Vigasini , Rakesh Hari , Palmer Colin N A , Mohan Viswanathan , Pradeepa Rajendra 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims:
The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions and practices of diabetes management through focus group discussions (FGDs) among adults with diabetes in rural Tamil Nadu.

Materials and Methods:
A qualitative study was conducted among individuals with diabetes who were part of the Telemedicine pRoject for screENing Diabetes and its complications in rural Tamil Nadu (TREND). A total of 16 FGDs were conducted using a semi-structured FGD guide that elicited perceptions of the different aspects of diabetes management and knowledge about diabetes prevention. The sample size was based on the attainment of thematic saturation. All FGDs were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The textual data was then coded into meaning units and grouped into themes. Data were analyzed using NVIVO software version 10.0.

Results:
There were varied responses with respect to diet, medication adherence, regularity of follow-up, knowledge about diabetes, and diabetes prevention. Most participants had limited knowledge of the disease and did not have regular hospital visits. Several participants were unable to adhere to the diet prescribed by healthcare providers, as they lived alone or were dependent on someone in the family for dietary needs. Most participants were unaware that diabetes could be prevented. Some participants were interested in serving as “Diabetes ambassadors” to educate rural societies about diabetes.

Conclusions:
Understanding the perceptions and practices about diabetes management and prevention strategies could help primary healthcare workers effectively treat, manage, and prevent diabetes in underserved rural populations.
Role of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in etiopathogenesis of type 1 diabetes: A review of population-based studies
Authors: Gautam Ashish , Singh Shoor Vir , Gupta Saurabh , Pursnani Nikhil , Agrawal Prabhat 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Multiple mechanisms were proposed for the etiopathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). An interplay between genetic, environmental, and immunological factors leads to generate autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, intracellular adhesion (ICA)-512, and insulin autoantibodies (IAA) proteins of beta cells. Molecular mimicry is the best proposed mechanism of the above, but yet needs much solid evidence. Zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) and proinsulin (PI) proteins of beta cells act as epitopes for some partially recognized proteins (MAP3865c, MAP1, 4αgbp, and MAP2404c) of mycobacterium paratuberculosis (MAP) generating autoantibodies against them. Similarly, other protein molecular mimickers were also reported. This review collects the latest evidence for the environmental etiopathogenesis of T1DM pertaining to MAP at the background of the phenomenon of molecular mimicry, and it proposes more directions for research in the field.

Materials and Methods:
Using the keywords “MAP and T1DM,” “MAP and zoonotic diseases,” T1DM and Molecular mimicry” and “T1DM and epitopes” searches were conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar following PRISMA guidelines. This review related original articles and case reports were collected for the compilation of all proposed proteins having a tendency of molecular mimicry. This review includes 12 original articles and 17 case reports published till date.

Results:
A strong association was found in peptide pairs MAP3865c/ZnT8, 4αgbp/PI, and MAP2404c/PI between MAP and human beings.

Discussion:
Multiple MAP proteins show strong homology to human proteins generating antibodies against pancreatic beta cells. MAP exists in dairy products, posing a high risk of transmission to human beings. An uninterrupted but silent exposure of human beings to MAP could be an environmental trigger for T1DM.
Availability of different branded generic vildagliptin after off-patenting: An observation from India
Authors: Samajdar Shambo S , Mukherjee Shatavisa , Sarkar Sougata , Sen Sumalya , Tripathi Santanu Kumar , Joshi Shashank R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Branded generics offer comparable therapeutic benefits at a lower cost, making them essential in healthcare systems worldwide. Vildagliptin, a widely prescribed antidiabetic medication, is available in various branded generic forms. However, limited research has been conducted to assess the availability of these branded generics, particularly in a real-world setting.

Methods:
A cross-sectional observational study evaluated the availability of branded generics of vildagliptin over 3-month period post 6 months of off-patenting of vildagliptin. Additionally, the switching patterns among patients prescribed branded generic vildagliptin were investigated, shedding light on potential challenges and implications for patient care.

Results:
Each prescription for branded generic vildagliptin resulted in an average of 2.29 pharmacy visits, highlighting potential challenges in ensuring consistent availability of specific branded generics. Reflecting on switching patterns, due to the unavailability of the prescribed branded generic vildagliptin at the pharmacy store, 28% of patients switched to the innovator brand, 41% switched to other branded generics, and only 31% received the prescribed branded generic. These switching patterns suggest a significant proportion of patients who deviate from the initially prescribed branded generic, potentially impacting treatment adherence and outcomes.

Conclusion:
Strategies aimed at improving availability and promoting appropriate use of branded generics can enhance the overall quality of care for patients requiring vildagliptin treatment. Further research and interventions should be undertaken to improve coordination between healthcare providers, pharmaceutical companies, and pharmacy stores, aiming to enhance the availability and accessibility of affordable generics without compromising patient care.
Efficacy of preoperative melatonin versus pregabalin on intraoperative anxiolysis and sedation during hip arthroplasty under regional anesthesia
Authors: Mansour Mostafa Saieed , Soltan Amany Aly , Sedky Asmaa Mohamed 
Published: December 2023

Background and objectives
Anesthesiology places a high priority on perioperative anxiety, pain, and its consequences and much research has been conducted to reduce or remove them. Postoperative sleep disruption is increased by postoperative pain. Also, sleep disruption exacerbates postoperative pain.
In this clinical trial, we aim to explore the efficacy of melatonin and pregabalin on anxiolysis, sedation and postoperative pain in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia.

Material and methods
Patients were randomly assigned into three groups, each including 26 patients. group M patients received melatonin 10 mg, while group G patients received pregabalin 150 mg, and group C patients received 5 mg of melatonin plus 75 mg of pregabalin.
This study was started on January 2022 and completed in October 2022.

Results
VAS score reading is significant when comparing readings of group1& 2 and when comparing readings of groups 2 to group 3 but not significant at all when comparing groups 1 to 3 (VAS at last reading P1 0.005, P2 0.005 and at highest reading P1 0.00, P3 0.00).
Sedation score is not significant in the 3 groups when comparing 1st, the last, and highest reading.

Conclusion
When comparing pregabalin to melatonin for intraoperative sedation and postoperative sedation and analgesia, it was found that pregabalin has the upper hand for postoperative analgesia and both were equal effectiveness for sedation.
Tissue displacement assessment by ultrasound predicts peri-laryngeal leak after supraglottic device insertion (I-gel)
Authors: Kumar Amarjeet , Kumar Ajeet , Sinha Chandni , Kumari Poonam , Kumar Neeraj , Singh Prashant Kumar 
Published: December 2023

Background and aims
Supraglottic airway devices (SADs) have revolutionized airway management during general anesthesia, and they fill the niche between the face mask and endotracheal tube in terms of both airway anatomy and degree of invasion. The aim of this study was assessment of peri-laryngeal leak after insertion of I- gel using ultrasound (US) pulse Doppler mode.

Methods
Hundred patients scheduled for elective surgery after I-gel placement were recruited. Airway leak pressure was detected by using closed circuit in anesthesia workstation and increasing the pressure to 20 mm Hg. Parameters were noted include, leak as observed in the monitor, leak as assessed using the US machine, fiberoptic visualization of the SAD and grading and end tidal CO2 (ETCO2).

Results
In ultrasound we have detected peri-laryngeal tissue displacement in 18 patients (18%) out of which 10 patients have grade 3 or 4 on fiberoptic examination (Fig. 2). Among these ten patients, eight patients have inadequate ventilation required reinsertion of I-gel.

Conclusion
Tissue displacement assessment by ultrasound can be used as a noninvasive alternative to predict leak following supraglottic device insertion (I-gel) placement with the added advantage of no interruption of ventilation.
A superiority study of the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plain block compared to serratus anterior plain block using bupivacaine-dexamethasone for modified radical mastectomy
Authors: Gad Mona , El-Sherbiny Sameh Mohamed , El-Bahnasawy Nahla Salama , Magdy Ahmed , Alseoudy Mahmoud Mohammed 
Published: December 2023

Background
This trial compared the preemptive analgesic efficacy of erector spinae plain block (ESPB) and serratus anterior plain block (SAPB) for patients scheduled for modified radical mastectomy.

Methods
This randomized, controlled, double-blinded study embraced 40 patients aged 20 to 70 years undergoing modified radical mastectomy. Patients were randomly allocated into two equal groups: Group I (n=20): received SAPB, Group II (n=20): received ESPB. Both groups were injected with 30 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine and 8 mg dexamethasone. The time of the first analgesic request was the primary outcome measure while the secondary outcome measures were total fentanyl consumption (intraoperative and postoperative within 24 h), visual analogue scale (VAS) values within 24 h post-operatively at rest and ipsilateral arm movement and side effects related to the received blocks.

Results
This study illustrated that the median [interquartile range (IQR)] time of the first analgesic request was significantly longer in ESPB group [720(600–720) minute] than SAPB group [600(600–720) minute], P=0.04. The total median fentanyl consumption was significantly higher in SAPB group than ESPB group [0(40.000–80.000) vs. 0(0–0)], P=0.004 intraoperatively and [42.5(40–82.5) vs. 40(40–40)], P=0.005 post-operatively. VAS values at rest were significantly lower in ESPB group than SAPB group [immediate P=0.009, 2 h P=0.004, 6 h P=0.007, 12 h P=0.005, 24 h P=0.002] and values at ipsilateral arm abduction were significantly lower in ESPB group than SAPB [immediate P=0.004, 2 h P=0.02, 12 h P=0.009, 24 h P=0.023]. No side effects were detected in both groups.

Conclusion
ESPB provides superior analgesia to SAPB in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy.
Efficacy of early enteral nutrition to enhance recovery after major abdominal surgeries in cancer patients
Authors: Elbardan Islam M. , Argawy Hussein Osama S. , ElRazek Abd-Rabih Assem A. 
Published: December 2023

Background
Malnutrition is a significant prognostic factor in surgical cancer patients, especially when the malignancy is localized to the gastrointestinal tract.

Aim
The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of early enteral feeding on nutritional status and clinical outcomes in patients who had undergone abdominal surgery for cancer.

Patients and methods
Forty patients, ranging in age from 20 to 60 years, admitted to the postoperative surgical ICU underwent preoperative nutritional assessment and were followed daily from the morning of postoperative day 1 in the ICU until the evening of day 4 for the possibility of starting enteral nutrition safely. Participants were differentiated into early and late groups according to the time of establishment of enteral feeding. To compare early and late groups of the studied patients, clinical and laboratory nutritional markers and clinical outcomes were traced and statistically analyzed.

Results
Both groups had 12 (60%) males and eight (40%) females, with a mean±SD age of 43.6±8.15 years in the early group and 41.75±6.65 years in the late group. The early group had a substantially higher mean percentage BMI gain (2.50±0.35) than the late group (0.89±0.20). The early group had statistically higher serum prealbumin levels than the late group after 4 days. Early enteral feeding increased the prealbumin percentage by 25.37±5.93 compared with 15.93±1.98 in the late group. Early enteral feeding increased the total cholesterol levels. Early enteral feeding had a mean cholesterol percentage change of 32.04±6.74% compared with 17.23±4.23% in the late group. Early enteral nutrition patients spent 3.2±0.77 days in the ICU compared with 5.2±0.77 days for the late group. Patients in the early group had a considerably shorter hospital stay (6.8±1.51 days) than those in the late group (10.2±1.51 days). The incidence of superficial surgical infection was 40% in the late group compared with none in the early group, and the two groups differed statistically significantly.

Conclusion
The nutritional status of patients with cancer who undergo major abdominal surgery greatly benefits from beginning enteral feeding early. The incidence of surgical complications decreased, and hospital and ICU stays were shortened when enteral feeding was started early.
Pattern of utilization of dental services among Nigerian population in the University of Benin community: A prospective study
Authors: Ogbuji Oluchukwu Samuel , Edetanlen Ekaniyere Benlance 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Underutilization of dental services is a global concern that is frequently reported in developing countries among different groups of subpopulations but it is unclear if the same have been studied among population in the university community.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to determine the pattern and barriers to the utilization of dental services among Nigerian population in the University of Benin.

Materials and Methods:
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between October 2021 and January 2022 that involved all consecutive staff of the University of Benin, Benin City. The data were collected with an 18-item, structured, close-ended, self-administered questionnaire which was pretested for feasibility. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. Data were entered into a computer and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 (IBM, Chicago, USA).

Results and Discussion:
The age range was 25–55 years, with a mean age of 42.8 ± 8.8 years. There were more males (51.8%) than females. Higher (58.4%) proportions of the respondents claimed to have visited the dentist before this study compared to those who claimed never to have visited for any dental services. Long waiting time was ranked highest (27.1%) as the barrier to good utilization of dental services, and this was followed by high cost of treatment (21.1%), fear of dental treatments (12.8%), and poor staff–patient interaction (11.2%). Most (28.5%) of the respondents answered that a reduction in the cost of treatment can help to improve the utilization of dental services, and this was followed by adequate staff–patient interaction (25.3%) and procurements of hospital equipment (24.2%). More males significantly poorly utilized dental services compared to their female counterparts (P = 0.01). Furthermore, more Christians poorly utilized dental services compared to Muslims (P = 0.03).

Conclusion:
The prevalence of university staff with poor utilization of dental services is relatively high, and this was significantly more in males and among Muslims. Long waiting time and high cost of treatment were the most common barriers mitigating the optimal utilization of dental services.
A Study on Body Weight and Carcass Characteristics and Sex in Broilers.
Authors: GÖK İsmail , TOLUN Tolga 
Published: December 2023

In this study, it was aimed to determine the level of relationship between the carcass and piece weights of chickens and their gender. The body weight, carcass, thigh, wing, breast, heart, liver and gizzard values obtained for this purpose belong to Ross 308 hybrid broiler chickens from the commercially operating slaughterhouses in Kahramanmaraş. 60 broiler chickens (30 females-30 males) were obtained from the slaughterhouse and the measurements of the body weight before slaughter and the values of the relevant carcass, chicken parts (leg, breast, wing) and internal organs (heart, liver, gizzard) after slaughter were taken. In the study, the dependent variable was sex, the independent variables were body weight, carcass, thigh, wing, breast, heart, liver and gizzard, and logistic regression binary analysis was used.
According to the estimation results, the reference category was male (1), and the probability value in the test of the model coefficients was found to be 0.036 (p
Reliability of the urine spot test in predicting urinary tract infections during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study
Authors: DİLBAZ Kübra , ÖZTÜRK ÖZEN Elif Ece , KARADENİZ Sinan 
Published: December 2023

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a significant difference in positive uronalysis (Total UA) results and fertility in urine cultures during pregnancy.
Material and Methods: Our retrospective observational study included 177 patients who were admitted to our hospital between September 1, 2023 and November 1, 2023 and had a complete urinalysis performed. As a result of the total UA, patients with leukocytes/bacteria> 5, leukocyte esterase positive and nitrite positive were identified. Among the patients whose urine culture was detected according to the results of urinalysis, those whose urine culture was evaluated and those who were not were divided into two groups. The results of total UA and urine culture were compared. In addition, the weeks of gestation of patients with positive urinalysis results were recorded and it was investigated whether there was a correlation between the frequency of urinary tract infections (UTI) and pregnancy.
Results: A total of 177 patients who were followed up for pregnancy were included in the study. All patients had total UA results. When the total UA abnormalities were examined, it was found that the rate of those with a high leukocyte/bacteria ratio was 80.2%, the rate of those with positive leukocyte esterase was 61%, and the rate of those who were nitrite positive was 25.4%. According to the urine culture results, 54.8% of participants had no urine culture and 45.2% of participants had one. The rate of urine cultures was 77.5% without reproduction and 22.5% with reproduction. In addition, the mean gestational weeks of the patients was 25.96±11.57 weeks, the mean week of gestation according to ultrasound measurements was 26.02±11.64. and no significant association was found between weeks of gestation and the incidence of UTI.
Conclusion: In our study, no significant association was found between positive total UA results during pregnancy and urine culture reproduction. There is a need for comprehensive multicenter studies with a larger number of patients regarding the incidence of UTIs in relation to gestational age and other tests that can be used in the diagnosis of UTIs.