bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between Global Myopia Prevalence and International Levels of Education
Authors: Jong Monica , Naduvilath Thomas , Saw Jeanne , Kim Kunyoung , Flitcroft Daniel Ian 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTSIGNIFICANCEThe Global Myopia Prevalence and International Levels of Education study models national trends in educational performance with myopia prevalence in children; it examines the association of near work with myopia in the form of an ecologic analysis and also discusses how this may relate to educational frameworks.PURPOSEThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between myopia prevalence and national educational performance.METHODSThe prevalence of myopia in the 15- to 19-year age group in 35 regions was obtained from a meta-analysis by Holden et al. (Ophthalmology 2016;123:1036–1042) and matched with educational performance quantified by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) testing from 2000 to 2018. A generalized estimating equation was used to describe the relationship between PISA scores and myopia prevalence. Clustering effects of country and chronological year were accounted for in the analysis. Linear and nonlinear terms of PISA scores using lines of best fit were further explored.RESULTSThere is a significant positive relationship between Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development PISA educational performance and myopia prevalence in teenagers with higher PISA scores correlating with higher myopia prevalence, even after accounting for chronological year (generalized estimating equation model:P= .001, .008, and .005 for math, science, and reading, respectively). Scatterplots with cubic and logistic fits indicated that PISA math showed the strongest relationship with myopia prevalence (r2= 0.64), followed by science (r2= 0.41) and reading (r2= 0.31).CONCLUSIONSThese results strongly suggest that educational achievement at a national level is associated with higher myopia prevalence. Programme for International Student Assessment scores are a significant driver of many countries' education policies, and countries that have a balance between high PISA scores and lower myopia prevalence may be good models of educational policies to address the myopia public health issue.
Dexmedetomidine Withdrawal Syndrome in Children in the PICU: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Knapp Thomas , DiLeonardo Olivia , Maul Tim , Hochwald Alexander , Li Zhuo , Hossain Jobayer , Lowry Adam , Parker Jason , Baker Kimberly , Wearden Peter , Nelson Jennifer 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVES:
To systematically review literature describing the clinical presentation, risk factors, and treatment for dexmedetomidine withdrawal in the PICU (PROSPERO: CRD42022307178).

DATA SOURCES:
MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched.

STUDY SELECTION:
Eligible studies were published from January 2000 to January 2022 and reported clinical data for patients younger than 21 years old following discontinuation of dexmedetomidine after greater than or equal to 24 hours of infusion.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Abstracts identified during an initial search were screened and data were manually abstracted after full-text review of eligible articles. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality. Summary statistics were provided and Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to identify relationships between covariates and withdrawal signs. A weighted prevalence for each withdrawal sign was generated using a random-effects model.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
Twenty-three studies (22 of which were retrospective cohort studies) containing 28 distinct cohorts were included. Median cumulative dexmedetomidine exposure by dose was 105.95 μg/kg (range, 30–232.7 μg/kg), median dexmedetomidine infusion duration was 131.75 hours (range, 20.5–525.6 hr). Weighted estimates for proportion (95% CI) of subjects experiencing withdrawal signs across all cohorts were: hypertension 0.34 (range, 0.0–0.92), tachycardia 0.26 (range, 0.0–0.87), and agitation 0.26 (range, 0.09–0.77). Meta-analysis revealed no correlation between dexmedetomidine exposure variables and withdrawal signs. A moderate negative monotonic relationship existed between the proportion of patients who had undergone cardiac surgery and the proportion experiencing hypertension (correlation coefficient, –0.47; p = 0.048) and tachycardia (correlation coefficient, –0.57; p = 0.008), indicating that in cohorts with a higher proportion of patients who were postcardiac surgery, there were fewer occurrences of hypertension and or tachycardia.

CONCLUSIONS:
On review of the 2000–2022 literature, dexmedetomidine withdrawal may be characterized by tachycardia, hypertension, or agitation, particularly with higher cumulative doses or prolonged durations. Since most studies included in the review were retrospective, prospective studies are needed to further clarify risk factors, establish diagnostic criteria, and identify optimal management strategies.
7 T MRI of the Cervical Neuroforamen
Authors: Feuerriegel Georg C. , Marth Adrian A. , Germann Christoph , Wanivenhaus Florian , Nanz Daniel , Sutter Reto 
Published: October 2023

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of 3-dimensional dual-echo steady-state (DESS) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine at 7 T compared with 3 T in patients with cervical radiculopathy.

Materials and Methods
Patients diagnosed with cervical radiculopathy were prospectively recruited between March 2020 and January 2023 before undergoing surgical decompression and received 3-dimensional DESS imaging at 3 T and 7 T MRI. Cervical nerve root compression and the dimensions of the dorsal root ganglia were assessed by 2 radiologists independently. Signal intensity, visibility of nerve anatomy, diagnostic confidence, and image artifacts were evaluated with Likert scales. The degree of neuroforaminal stenosis was assessed on standard clinical 3 T scans. Statistics included the analysis of the diagnostic accuracy and interreader reliability. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to assess differences between the groups.

Results
Forty-eight patients (mean age, 57 ± 12 years; 22 women) were included in the study with the highest prevalence of severe neuroforaminal stenosis observed at C6 (n = 68) followed by C7 (n = 43). Direct evaluation of nerve root compression showed significantly higher diagnostic confidence and visibility of cervical nerve rootlets, roots, and dorsal root ganglia on 7 T DESS than on 3 T DESS (diagnostic confidence: P = 0.01, visibility: P < 0.01). Assessment of nerve root compression using 7 T DESS allowed more sensitive grading than standard clinical MRI (P < 0.01) and improved the performance in predicting sensory or motor dysfunction (area under the curve combined: 0.87).

Conclusions
7 T DESS imaging allows direct assessment of cervical nerve root compression in patients with radiculopathy, with a better prediction of sensory or motor dysfunction than standard clinical MRI. Diagnostic confidence and image quality of 7 T DESS were superior to 3 T DESS.
A multistate capture-recapture model to estimate cause-specific injury and mortality of North Atlantic right whales
Authors: Linden Daniel W. , Hostetler Jeffrey A. , Pace Richard M. , Garrison Lance P. , Knowlton Amy R. , Lesage Véronique , Williams Rob , Runge Michael C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the causes of mortality for a declining species is essential for developing effective conservation and management strategies, particularly when anthropogenic activities are the primary threat. Using a competing hazards framework allows for robust estimation of the cause-specific variation that may exist across multiple dimensions, such as time and individual. Here, we estimated cause-specific rates of severe injury and mortality for North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis), a critically endangered species that is currently in peril due to human-caused interactions. We developed a multistate capture-recapture model that leveraged 30 years of intensive survey effort yielding sightings of individuals with injury assessments and necropsies of carcass recoveries. We examined variation in the hazard rates of severe injury and mortality due to entanglements in fishing gear and vessel strikes as explained by year and the age and reproductive status of the individual. We found strong evidence for increased rates of severe entanglement injuries after 2013 and for females with calves, with consequently higher marginal mortality. The model results also suggested that despite vessel strikes causing a lower average rate of severe injuries, the higher mortality rate conditional on injury results in significant total mortality risk, particularly for females resting from a recent calving event. Large uncertainty in the estimation of carcass recovery rate for vessel strike deaths permeated into the apportionment of mortality causes. The increased rates of North Atlantic right whale mortality in the last decade, particularly for reproducing females, puts the species at risk of severe decline. By apportioning the human-caused threats using a quantitative approach with estimation of relevant uncertainty, this work can guide development of conservation and management strategies to facilitate species recovery.
Convergent and divergent responses of the rhizosphere chemistry and bacterial communities to a stress gradient in the Atacama Desert
Authors: Dussarrat Thomas , Latorre Claudio , Barros Santos Millena C. , Aguado-Norese Constanza , Prigent Sylvain , Díaz Francisca P. , Rolin Dominique , González Mauricio , Müller Caroline , Gutiérrez Rodrigo A , Pétriacq Pierre 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPlants can modulate their rhizosphere chemistry, thereby influencing microbe communities. Although our understanding of rhizosphere chemistry is growing, knowledge of its responses to abiotic constraints is limited, especially in realistic ecological contexts. Here, we combined predictive metabolomics with bacterial sequencing data to investigate whether rhizosphere chemistry responded to environmental constraints and shaped bacterial communities across an elevation gradient in the Atacama Desert. We found that metabolic adjustments of rhizosphere chemistry predicted the environment of four plant species independently of year, identifying important rhizosphere metabolic biomarkers. Inter-species predictions unveiled significant biochemical convergences. Subsequently, we linked metabolic predictors to variation in the abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Chemical response influenced distinct and common bacterial families between species and vegetation belts. The annotation of chemical markers and correlated bacterial families highlighted critical biological processes such as nitrogen starvation, metal pollution and plant development and defence. Overall, this study demonstrates a unique metabolic set likely involved in improving plant resilience to harsh edaphic conditions. Besides, the results emphasise the need to integrate ecology with plant metabolome and microbiome approaches to explore plant-soil interactions and better predict their responses to climate change and consequences for ecosystem dynamics.
Pharmacological AMP-activated protein kinase activation suppresses low glucose-dependent macrophage migration inhibitory factor release from macrophages
Authors: Zhang Jiping , Pollard Alice E. , Carling David , Viollet Benoit , Ellacott Kate L.J. , Beall Craig 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAims/hypothesisAcute hypoglycemia promotes pro-inflammatory cytokine production, increasing risk for cardiovascular events in diabetes. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is regulated by and influences production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We tested the mechanistic role of AMPK in low glucose induced changes in the pro-inflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which is elevated in patients with diabetes.MethodsMacrophage cell line Raw264.7 cells, primary macrophage bone marrow derived macrophages obtained from wild type mice or AMPK γ1 gain-of-function mice were utilized, as were AMPKα1/α2 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF). Allosteric AMPK activators PF-06409577 and BI-9774 were used, in conjunction with inhibitor SBI-0206965 were also used. We examined changes in protein phosphorylation/expression using western blotting, and protein localisation using immunofluorescence. Metabolic function was assessed using extracellular flux analyses and luciferase-based ATP assay. Cytokine release was quantified by ELISA. Oxidative stress was detected using a fluorescence-based ROS assay, and cell viability was examined using flow cytometry.ResultsMacrophages exposed to low glucose showed a transient and modest activation of AMPK and a metabolic shift towards increased oxidative phosphorylation. Low glucose induced oxidative stress and increased release of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Pharmacological activation of AMPK by PF-06409577 and BI-9774 attenuated low glucose-induced MIF release, with a similar trend noted with genetic activation using AMPKγ1 gain-of-function (D316A) mice, which produced a mild effect on low glucose-induced MIF release. Inhibition of NFĸB signalling diminished MIF release and AMPK activation modestly but significantly reduced low glucose-induced nuclear translocation of NFĸB. AMPK activation did not alter low glucose-induced oxidative stress in macrophages but application of AMPK inhibitor SBI-0206965 enhanced oxidative stress in macrophages and in AMPK knockout MEFs, suggesting an AMPK-independent mechanismConclusions/interpretationTaken together, these data indicate that pharmacological AMPK activation suppresses release of MIF from macrophages. This is mediated by reduced activation of NFĸB signalling in response to low glucose-induced oxidative stress and suggests that pharmacological AMPK activation could be a useful strategy for mitigating hypoglycemia-induced inflammation.Graphical abstractTweetLow glucose induces pro-inflammatory MIF release from macrophages, and pharmacological AMPK activation suppresses the release of MIF. AMPK/ NFĸB signalling pathway is involved, which may be a new strategy to attenuate the pro-inflammatory response in hypoglycemia.
IGSF3 is a homophilic cell adhesion molecule that drives lung metastasis of melanoma by promoting adhesion to vascular endothelium
Authors: Guo Yue , Kasai Yutaka , Tanaka Yuto , Ohashi-Kumagai Yuki , Ito Takeshi , Murakami Yoshinori 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) is one of the largest families of cell-surface molecules involved in various cell-cell interactions, including cancer–stromal interactions. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive RT-PCR-based screening for IgSF molecules that promote experimental lung metastasis in mice. By comparing the expression of 325 genes encoding cell-surface IgSF molecules between mouse melanoma B16 cells and its highly metastatic subline, B16F10 cells, we found that expression of theImmunoglobulin superfamily member 3(Igsf3) was significantly enhanced in B16F10 cells than in B16 cells. Knockdown ofIgsf3in B16F10 cells significantly reduced lung metastasis following intravenous injection into C57BL/6 mice. IGSF3 promoted adhesion of B16F10 cells to vascular endothelial cells and functioned as a homophilic cell adhesion molecule between B16F10 cells and vascular endothelial cells. Notably, the knockdown of IGSF3 in either B16F10 cells or vascular endothelial cells suppressed the transendothelial migration of B16F10 cells. Moreover, IGSF3 knockdown suppressed the extravasation of B16F10 cells into the lungs after intravenous injection. These results suggest that IGSF3 promotes the metastatic potential of B16F10 cells in the lungs by facilitating their adhesion to vascular endothelial cells.
Mechanical characterization of regeneratingHydratissue spheres
Authors: Perros Thomas , Biquet-Bisquert Anaïs , Ben Meriem Zacchari , Delarue Morgan , Joseph Pierre , Marcq Philippe , Cochet-Escartin Olivier 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHydra vulgaris,long known for its remarkable regenerative capabilities, is also a longstanding source of inspiration for models of spontaneous patterning. Recently, it became clear that early patterning duringHydraregeneration is an integrated mechano-chemical process where morphogen dynamics is influenced by tissue mechanics. One roadblock to understandHydraself-organization is our lack of knowledge about the mechanical properties of these organisms. In this paper, we combined microfluidic developments to perform parallelized microaspiration rheological experiments and numerical simulations to characterize these mechanical properties. We found three different behaviors depending on the applied stresses: an elastic response, a visco-elastic one and tissue rupture. Using models of deformable shells, we quantify their Young’s modulus, shear viscosity as well as the critical stresses required to switch between behaviors. Based on these experimental results, we propose a description of the tissue mechanics during normal regeneration. Our results provide a first step towards the development of original mechano-chemical models of patterning grounded in quantitative, experimental data.Statement of significanceHydra vulgarisis a remarkable organism thanks to its regenerative abilities. One can cut this animal into several pieces which will reform a fullHydrain a few days. In this process, the pieces have to define a new organizing axis. Recently, researchers have shown that this axis definition is under mechanical control. One roadblock to understand the relationship between tissue mechanics andHydrabiology is our lack of knowledge about the mechanical state of this organism. Here, we perform a mechanical characterization using a combination of microaspiration setups and numerical simulations. We finally propose a description of what happens at the mechanical level duringHydraregeneration, allowing quantitative approaches questioning the role of mechanical cues in axis definition.
The dynamics and longevity of circulating CD4+memory T cells depend on cell age and not the chronological age of the host
Authors: Bullock M. Elise , Hogan Thea , Williams Cayman , Morris Sinead , Nowicka Maria , Sharjeel Minahil , van Dorp Christiaan , Yates Andrew J. , Seddon Benedict 
Published: October 2023

AbstractQuantifying the kinetics with which memory T cell populations are generated and maintained is essential for identifying the determinants of the duration of immunity. The quality and persistence of circulating CD4+effector memory (TEM) and central memory (TCM) T cells in mice appear to shift with age, but it is unclear whether these changes are driven by the aging host environment, by cell age effects, or both. Here we address these issues by combining DNA labelling methods, established fate-mapping systems, a novel reporter mouse strain, and mathematical models. Together, these allow us to quantify the dynamics of both young and established circulating memory CD4+T cell subsets, within both young and old mice. We show that that these cells and their descendents become more persistent the longer they reside within the TCMand TEMpools. This behaviour may limit memory CD4 T cell diversity by skewing TCR repertoires towards clones generated early in life, but may also compensate for functional defects in new memory cells generated in old age.Author summaryOur long-term protection against infections depends in part on the maintenance of diverse populations of memory CD4 T cells, which are made in response to the initial exposure to the pathogen or a vaccine. These cells are not long-lived, but instead are maintained dynamically at a clonal level through loss and division. Understanding how immune memory persists therefore requires measuring these rates of these processes, and how they might change with age. Here we combine experiments in mice with mathematical models to show that memory CD4 T cells exhibit complex dynamics but increase their capacity to survive as they age. This dynamic implies that as individuals age, their memory CD4 T cell populations become enriched for older clones. This established memory may compensate for functional defects in new T cell responses generated later in life.
Horizon Sham Adaptor: Unlocking the Potential of Dual-Functionality of Single TMS Coil for Real and Sham Stimulations
Authors: Sorkhabi Majid Memarian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces a new figure-of-eight TMS coil design capable of delivering both real and sham TMS stimulation using a single coil. The design, emitted clicking noise, and induced tactile sensation provide no discernible indication of whether it is in the real or sham state, making it suitable for double-blind studies. This coil family comprises the E-z Cool Coil and Air Film Coil (AFC) and is compatible with Magstim Horizon stimulators. This single-coil TMS setup enables the administration of either real or sham protocols without requiring coil replacement or physical repositioning. The transition between these states is achieved simply by replacing the adaptor between the coil connector and the TMS device.
Locus coeruleus neuromelanin accumulation and dissipation across the lifespan
Authors: Riley Elizabeth , Cicero Nicholas , Swallow Khena , De Rosa Eve , Anderson Adam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe pigment neuromelanin, produced in the locus coeruleus (LC) as a byproduct of catecholamine synthesis, gives the “blue spot” its name, and both identifies LC neurons and is thought to play an important yet complex role in normal and pathological aging. Using neuromelanin-sensitive T1-weighted turbo spin echo MRI scans we characterized volume and neuromelanin signal intensity in the LC of 96 participants between the ages of 19 and 86. Although LC volume did not change significantly throughout the lifespan, LC neuromelanin signal intensity increased from early adulthood, peaked around age 60 and precipitously declined thereafter. Neuromelanin intensity was greater in the caudal relative to rostral extent and in women relative to men. With regard to function, rostral LC neuromelanin intensity was associated with fluid cognition in older adults (60+) only in those above the 50th percentile of cognitive ability for age. The gradual accumulation of LC neuromelanin across the lifespan, its sudden dissipation in later life, and relation to preserved cognitive function, is consistent with its complex role in normal and pathological aging.
The More Unclear the Hearing, the Faster the Feeling: Speech Comprehension Changes Subjective Speech Rate
Authors: Chen Liangjie , Jin Yangping , Ge Zhongshu , Lu Lingxi , Li Liang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractImagine being in a foreign country, surrounded by locals speaking a language entirely alien to you. Does their conversation seem to race like a machine gun? The perception of speech rate, as a facet of time perception, greatly impacts our daily lives. However, the factors influencing this perception remain poorly understood. Through a series of three experiments (with sample sizes of 31, 27, and 25 respectively), we discovered that speech comprehension significantly alters listeners’ perception of speech rate. As comprehensibility diminishes, listeners tend to overestimate the speech rate. Intriguingly, this effect is further influenced by the listener’s language proficiency. Specifically, the better the listener’s language proficiency, the more likely their perception of speech rate is influenced by the speech comprehension. Our study corroborates the notion that biases in time perception may be prevalent in our everyday communication. These subjective experiences could prompt listeners to modify their behavior or processing strategies.