bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Narcotic Use and Prescribing Trends Among Workers Compensation Patients Undergoing Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: Goodwin Tyler , Murray Richard D. , Doty Jesse F. 
Published: December 2023

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot; Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: Previous studies have shown that workers compensation patients (WC) have worse outcomes, and higher complications rates after orthopaedic surgery. Despite orthopaedic surgeons being the third highest prescribers of narcotic pain medication in the United States there have been no studies to specifically evaluate narcotic use among the WC population. The purpose of this study was to investigate narcotic use among WC patients who underwent foot or ankle operative procedures compared with a procedure matched control group. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted for WC and non-WC patients ages 18 to 70 years old who underwent foot (CPT 28001-28899) or ankle (CPT 27600-27899) procedures in an orthopaedic surgery practice from October 2017 through January 2020. Data collection included demographics, social, surgical, perioperative follow-up and complications. Outcomes measures were timing and number of narcotic prescriptions, total morphine milligram equivalents (MME), and procedure type. Data analysis was performed with SPSS version 28. Comparisons were conducted with Mann-Whitney U test, chi square test, or Fisher’s exact test. Power analysis determined sample size with a 0.05 alpha level, 0.80 power, and 0.5 effect size. Results: 142 total patients met inclusion criteria, with 71 WC patients and 71 non-WC patients. There were no differences regarding the type of foot or ankle procedure performed (p=0.598). WC patients had double the number of overall narcotic prescriptions (median 2 vs 1; p < 0.001). WC patients were prescribed in total 1,125 oxycodone MME and 871.8 hydrocodone MME (P < 0.001), versus 750 oxycodone MME and 450 hydrocodone MME among the non-WC group (p < .008). There was no difference in the number of tramadol prescriptions (p = 0.571). WC patients experienced more days between the date of last narcotic prescription and both index surgery date (median 27 vs 1, p = 0.001) and initial clinic visit date (median 105 vs 49, p = 0.002). Conclusion: This data demonstrates that WC patients portend worse outcomes and utilize narcotics at twice the rate and for longer periods of time post-operatively than non-WC patients. Increased narcotic use may potentiate narcotic dependence and likely leads to worse outcomes. Treating physicians must be aware of these trends in order to best manage these patients. Physicians may need to have longer discussions with WC patients regarding narcotic use post operatively as well as about outcomes and goals of surgery. Physicians should set early expectations with WC patients and clear limits on the amount of narcotics they are willing to prescribe postoperatively.
Risk of infectious adverse events of venetoclax therapy for hematologic malignancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs
Authors: Prosty Connor , Katergi Khaled , Nguyen Alex , Luo Owen Dan , Sorin Mark , Cherniak Vladimir , Sebag Michael , Demir Koray , McDonald Emily G. , Lee Todd C. , Cheng Matthew P. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Venetoclax is a small molecule inhibitor of BCL-2 used in the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Recent postmarketing studies of ibrutinib, another small molecule inhibitor, suggested that these agents may predispose to opportunistic infections. We sought to systematically review the randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence of venetoclax to assess whether it predisposes patients to infectious adverse events (IAEs) and neutropenia. We systematically reviewed RCTs comparing venetoclax therapy with active or placebo controls for patients with hematologic malignancies. Data on IAEs and neutropenia were pooled by Bayesian meta-analysis, and we computed the probability of any increased risk (P[risk ratio (RR) &gt; 1]) of IAEs or neutropenic complications. Seven RCTs were included, comprising 2067 patients. In CLL (n = 1032), there was a low probability of increased risk of high-grade (P[RR &gt; 1] = 71.2%) and fatal IAEs (P[RR &gt; 1] = 64.5%) and high-grade neutropenia (P[RR &gt; 1] = 63.4%). There were insufficient data to perform a meta-analysis of IAEs in AML; however, 1 trial suggested an increased risk of IAEs with venetoclax. Furthermore, in AML (n = 642), venetoclax was associated with a high probability of increased risk of high-grade neutropenia (P[RR &gt; 1] = 94.6%) and febrile neutropenia (P[RR &gt; 1] = 90.6%). Our results suggest that venetoclax has a low probability of increased risk of IAEs or neutropenia in CLL. By contrast, there is likely increased risk of high-grade neutropenia and febrile neutropenia in AML. Importantly, our analyses did not identify any specific IAEs that would benefit from routine antimicrobial prophylaxis or pre-emptive testing.
A Slow-Exchange Interstitial Fluid Compartment in Volunteers and Anesthetized Patients: Kinetic Analysis and Physiology
Authors: Hahn Robert G. , Dull Randal O. 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:
Physiological studies suggest that the interstitial space contains 2 fluid compartments, but no analysis has been performed to quantify their sizes and turnover rates.

METHODS:
Retrospective data were retrieved from 270 experiments where Ringer’s solution of between 238 and 2750 mL (mean, 1487 mL) had been administered by intravenous infusion to awake and anesthetized humans (mean age 39 years, 47% females). Urinary excretion and hemoglobin-derived plasma dilution served as input variables in a volume kinetic analysis using mixed-models software.

RESULTS:
The kinetic analysis successfully separated 2 interstitial fluid compartments. One equilibrated rapidly with the plasma and the other equilibrated slowly. General anesthesia doubled the rate constants for fluid entering these 2 compartments (from 0.072 to 0.155 and from 0.026 to 0.080 min–1, respectively). The return flows to the plasma were impeded by intensive fluid therapy; the rate constant for the fast-exchange compartment decreased from 0.251 to 0.050 when the infusion time increased from 15 to 60 minutes, and the rate constant for the slow-exchange compartment decreased from 0.019 to 0.005 when the infused volume increased from 500 to 1500 mL. The slow-exchange compartment became disproportionately expanded when larger fluid volumes were infused and even attained an unphysiologically large size when general anesthesia was added, suggesting that the flow of fluid was restrained and not solely determined by hydrostatic and oncotic forces. The dependence of the slow-exchange compartment on general anesthesia, crystalloid infusion rate, and infusion volume all suggest a causal physiological process.

CONCLUSIONS:
Kinetic analysis supported that Ringer’s solution distributes in 2 interstitial compartments with different turnover times. The slow compartment became dominant when large amounts of fluid were infused and during general anesthesia. These findings may explain why fluid accumulates in peripheral tissues during surgery and why infused fluid can remain in the body for several days after general anesthesia.
The Communist Closet: Secrecy, Sexuality, and Ideology in the Cuban Cold War
Authors: Lambe Jennifer L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhy were homosexuality and Communism so closely knit together in the discursive logic of the Cold War? This article explores the convergence of sexuality and ideology in scholarly and popular conversations about the Cuban Revolution. These included a transnational panic over the purported links between homosexuality and Communism, psychiatric efforts in Cuba and the Cuban exile community to link homosexuality to suspicious ideological affiliations (Communist or anti-Communist), and a shared concern with rooting out covert political threats on both sides of the Florida Straits. Situating Cuba in hemispheric perspective, I propose that secrecy itself was at issue in the widespread and conjoined preoccupation with ideology and sexuality. This turned the closet, on the one hand, and coming out, on the other, into all-purpose, politically charged signifiers in Cuban culture writ large.
Revolutionary Transnationalism in the Persian Gulf
Authors: Shamshiri Marral 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article analyzes the material networks, connections, and solidarities formed between revolutionary Iranian and Arab organizations in the Persian Gulf in the 1970s. In the context of decolonization and the Cold War, it explores how the Iranian Left engaged with the Dhufar Revolution (1965–76), which was crushed by a British-led colonial war that the shah of Iran and his forces supported. Using Persian, Arabic, and English sources, the author shows how a radical internationalism was forged through regional networks, a praxis of guerrilla warfare, and a common political struggle against imperialism and reactionary Gulf monarchs, tying together revolutionaries from both sides of the Gulf.
Navigating Legal Landscapes
Authors: Garbett Lucy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article is about an ownership dispute between two Palestinian families in the West Bank. The dispute moves between Palestinian and Israeli forums while drawing upon the legal patchwork of Ottoman, British, and Jordanian land laws, and Israeli military amendments. The multilayered legal terrain coupled with the jurisdictional tension allowed some legal maneuvering. The article explores how the families maneuvered the legal landscape, but it complicates the use of forum shopping in the Palestinian context by adding how settler-colonial domination and political economy play into this phenomenon. Settler colonialism has served to intensify the Palestinian land market through a curated land scarcity, all while managing the distribution of relative “security” and risk of land title. This has affected land value, land availability, and land use. When the settler legal system is known to render Palestinian ownership insecure, why would some Palestinians still choose Israeli registration as a forum in which to register their lands, considering these risks? The article argues that land ownership is a process through which layers of unevenness are inscribed and reproduced. In focusing on the process, the article adds to sociolegal scholarship to explore the role knowledge and capital play in forum shopping.
HajjHumanitarianism
Authors: Shankar Shobana 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article explores how pilgrimage to Arabia became the catalyst for Northern Nigerian Muslim leaders to develop a kind of humanitarianism for the poor to expand their political power in the era of independence from Britain and postcolonial Afro-Arab alliance-making. Muslim elites forced the British to provide welfare for poor pilgrims who conducted the pilgrimage over land through Sudan and then undertook their own relief and reform as means to resist national integration with Southern Nigeria and bolster their reputation and influence in the Muslim world. Muslim West Africans did not simply side with Sudanese or Saudi Arabian officials in the matter of hajj but instead critiqued Arab racism and enslavement of Africans while also playing on British and American fears of communism in Africa and attempts to use Islam and religious discourse more broadly to create alliances with Muslim Nigerians. Hajj humanitarianism reveals careful Nigerian negotiations of global politics during the Cold War and non-Western involvement in international humanitarianism, which has been treated as a largely Euro-American phenomenon.
“This Camp Is Full of Hujaj!”
Authors: Alnajada Heba 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Historically, Islamic sharia courts across the Ottoman empire used a document called a hujja for registering property transactions. In present-day Jordan hujaj are illegal, yet in Palestinian refugee camps hujaj continue to be used for inheritance, buying and selling houses, and demonstrating occupancy. This is particularly true in camps unrecognized by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East and deemed “squatter settlements” by Jordanian host authorities. This article contributes to the emerging study of property rights in Palestinian camps by focusing on the links between Ottoman property regimes, contemporary territorial claims, and legal pluralism. Using the case of a Palestinian camp built on land owned by the descendants of Ottoman Circassian refugees, the article illustrates how, on the one hand, Palestinians use hujaj to facilitate inhabitation of the camp; and how, on the other hand, private property rights intersect with the competing claims of refugees and the state, whose overriding power changed after the events of Black September in 1970. By historicizing the material processes of refugee land tenure and property creation, the article challenges the assumption that contested camps are part of the “informal” growth of Middle Eastern cities, thus, bringing so-called squatter settlements back into refugee studies, Palestine studies, and Ottoman studies.
“Woman” and Diasporic Kurdish Identity in the United States
Authors: Thangaraj Stanley 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
There is a growing literature on gender and feminist theory in the Middle East now. However, there has been little work on Kurdish diasporas and gender in the United States. This article examines how US diasporic Kurdish performances of gender and narrations of gender work to create the figure of the “Kurdish woman.” Instead of falling into the trap of Orientalist constructions of womanhood, Kurdish diasporas imagine “Kurdish woman” as a way to challenge nation-state assimilation projects and erasure by practicing identity at the intersections of ethnicity, religion, gender, and race. The category of “woman” becomes an important venue to manage statelessness, create an important archive for Kurds, challenge ongoing colonialism in Kurdistan, and challenge US imperialism. Therefore “Kurdish woman” constitutes an important spatial and historical terrain for Kurdish women and Kurdish men to manage their racialization across national contexts and partake in the racialization of “others.” “Woman” is activated in the service of difference as a means to showcase the heterogeneity within Kurdish communities and expound on the relations Kurds in the US diaspora have with nation, religion, history, and resistance.
Active longitudes and the structure of the large-scale magnetic field at solar minimum
Authors: Grigoryev Victor , Ermakova Lyudmila 
Published: December 2023

We have studied deep minima of 11-year solar activity cycles 13–14, 14–15, 22–23, 23–24, 24–25, using the RGO and USAF/NOAA sunspot group catalogs. All of them have a large number of spotless days. Nonetheless, active longitudes as preferred zones, where sunspots occur, appear at this solar cycle phase. Analysis of synoptic maps and WSO daily magnetograms reflecting the structure of a weak large-scale field shows a non-axisymmetric component of the solar magnetic field. At solar minimum in the structure of the large-scale magnetic field, there are regions of the magnetic field of positive and negative polarity elongated along the meridian and crossing the equator. The most pronounced of them are located in the zone of active longitudes and are often connected with the polar magnetic fields.
We discuss the possible nature of the meridional structures of the large-scale field during solar minimum. This might be due to giant convection cells with a banana cell structure.
Risk of sexually transmitted infections among U.S. military service members in the setting of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use
Authors: Blaylock Jason M. , Ewers Evan C. , Bianchi Elizabeth J. , King David B. , Casimier Rosemary O. , Erazo Hector , Grieco Stephen , Lay Jenny , Peel Sheila A. , Modjarrad Kayvon , Beckett Charmagne G. , Okulicz Jason F. , Scott Paul T. , Hakre Shilpa 
Published: December 2023

Background
The evidence for an increased incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among patients utilizing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been inconsistent. We assessed the risk of incident STI while on PrEP compared to periods off PrEP among military service members starting PrEP.

Methods
Incidence rates of chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, hepatitis C virus, and HIV were determined among military service members without HIV prescribed daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine for HIV PrEP from February 1, 2014 through June 10, 2016. Hazard ratios for incident STIs were calculated using an Anderson-Gill recurrent event proportional hazard regression model.

Results
Among 755 male service members, 477 (63%) were diagnosed with incident STIs (overall incidence 21.4 per 100 person-years). Male service members had a significantly lower risk of any STIs (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.21, 95% CI 0.11–0.40) while using PrEP compared to periods off PrEP after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics, reasons for initiating PrEP, surveillance period prior to PrEP initiation, and the effect of PrEP on site and type of infection in multivariate analysis. However, when stratifying for anatomical site and type of infection, the risk of extragenital gonorrhea infection (pharyngeal NG: aHR 1.84, 95% CI 0.82–4.13, p = 0.30; rectal NG: aHR 1.23, 95% CI 0.60–2.51, p = 1.00) and extragenital CT infection (pharyngeal CT: aHR 2.30, 95% CI 0.46–11.46, p = 0.81; rectal CT: aHR 1.36, 95% CI 0.81–2.31, p = 0.66) was greater on PrEP compared to off PrEP although these values did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions
The data suggest entry into PrEP care reduced the overall risk of STIs following adjustment for anatomical site of STI and treatment. Service members engaged in PrEP services also receive more STI prevention counseling, which might contribute to decreases in STI risk while on PrEP.
Applications of the metaverse in medicine and healthcare
Authors: Hulsen Tim 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The metaverse is a virtual world that is being developed to allow people to interact with each other and with digital objects in a more immersive way. It involves the convergence of three major technological trends: telepresence, the digital twin, and blockchain. Telepresence is the ability of people to “be together” in a virtual way while not being close to each other. The digital twin is a virtual, digital equivalent of a patient, a medical device or even a hospital. Blockchain can be used by patients to keep their personal medical records secure. In medicine and healthcare, the metaverse could be used in several ways: (1) virtual medical consultations; (2) medical education and training; (3) patient education; (4) medical research; (5) drug development; (6) therapy and support; (7) laboratory medicine. The metaverse has the potential to enable more personalized, efficient, and accessible healthcare, improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. However, the implementation of the metaverse in medicine and healthcare will require careful consideration of ethical and privacy concerns, as well as social, technical and regulatory challenges. Overall, the future of the metaverse in healthcare looks bright, but new metaverse-specific laws should be created to help overcome any potential downsides.
The Poverty of Radical Ecological Economics: A Supportive Comment
Authors: Queinnec Erwan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper builds on the critique that Renaud Filleule addresses in this issue to radical ecological economics – known also as socio-ecological economics (SEE) – and more specifically to the works of one of his most famous representatives, Clive Spash. Filleule builds his critique from Austrian economics. I adopt a broader perspective. Indeed, although Austrian economics identifies key caveats of SEE, one may challenge its whole scientific substance on more general grounds. True, Clive Spash’s works are keen on putting forth methodological arguments to institute SEE not only as a scientific theory but also as the major paradigm in ecological economics. However, such arguments are unconvincing, amounting to activism-in-disguise of science, as reflected in Spash’s semantic ambiguity, his misconception of social science and overstated claims and pointless ordering of scientific knowledge. Moreover, Spash’s critique of economic growth is not only empirically wrong – as correctly noticed by Filleule – but also conceptually irrelevant. This is because defective theories necessarily lead to wrong or insignificant statements.
Investigating The Stakeholders' Attitudes Towards Prioritizing Agile Project Management Strategies as A Change Management Tool in Construction Projects
Authors: Shafie Basma Ahmed Eid , Meselhy Mohammed Saeed , Elattar Sherif Mohamed Sabry 
Published: December 2023

Construction projects face several problems in order to achieve their goals (time – cost – quality) especially since it has many inputs such as materials, labor and machinery. Measuring these goals in the money language is the key to their integration, so reducing costs is an important aspect of any project. One of the ways to reduce costs is to focus on how to avoid implementation problems and the financial implications of it. Several factors including irregular financial flows, poor management due to the lack of programs that support the administrative awareness of projects, financial and administrative instability, poor control and supervision, unskilled labor, insufficient machinery, inappropriate timing for the arrival of materials, changes in the construction conditions, lack of clarity of specifications, insufficient preparation during the pre-implementation stages, imposed regulations and laws, and other factors that contribute to problems in the implementation of major national projects. This study aimed to enhance the general understanding concerning the factors that affect the adoption of APM strategies in construction industry. The research relied on the inductive-analytical approach through conducting a questionnaire among stakeholders to analyze major development construction projects which can be benefited from applying the concept of agility to reduce project failure, then presenting and analyzing results of the survey questionnaire conducted with a sample of Egyptian design and construction firms to investigate their perception and application of prioritizing agile project management strategies as a change management tool in construction. The results of the thesis suggested that the Agile methodology is likely to yield significant benefits, primarily characterized by enhanced client engagement. The Agile approach significantly encourages increased customer engagement in the project as opposed to the current scenario. Additionally, it has the potential to reduce uncertainty and enhance risk management. The implementation of time management techniques and regular meetings is advantageous in monitoring the development and status of the project.