bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo biostability of polyether polyurethanes with polyethylene oxide surface‐modifying end groups; resistance to biologic oxidation and stress cracking
Authors: Ebert Mike , Ward Bob , Anderson James , McVenes Rick , Stokes Ken 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPolyethylene oxide (PEO) on polymer surfaces has been reported to reduce cellular adhesion, a very desirable property for cardiac pacing leads. A Shore 80A polyether polyurethane with up to 6% PEO surface‐modifying end groups (SME) was evaluated for its chronic in vivo biostability. In a short‐term (12 week) screening test, strained samples appeared to develop the same surface oxidation as unmodified polymer, but did not produce visible cracking ≥500×, prompting a longer‐term study. By the time the longer‐term study was initiated, most of the PEO SME had disappeared from the starting material's surface. After 1 year in vivo, surface oxidation, shallow surface cracking, and environmental stress cracking (ESC) developed on highly strained samples to the point of failure, so that there was no significant difference between the SME polymer and its control (the same polymer without SME). No further change was seen for up to 2 years of implantation. Unstrained PEO SME polymer developed shallow surface cracking, but no ESC up to 2 years of implantation. Thus, PEO SME slightly delayed, but did not stop biodegradation, and under unstrained conditions, has no adverse effect on biostability. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Biomechanical properties of different segments of human umbilical cord vein and its value for clinical application
Authors: Li Wen‐Chun , Ruan Xu‐Zhi , Zhang Hong‐Mei , Zeng Yan‐Jun 
Published: July 2005

AbstractNo satisfactory effects have been obtained with the use of synthetic blood vessels (diameter <6 mm) as substitutes for human small arteries or veins for the purpose of clinical vascular reconstruction. Therefore, blood vessels of human origin, for example, umbilical cord blood vessels, with their wide availability, still should be considered. However, little information on biomechanical properties of human umbilical cord blood vessels is available. The objective was to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of umbilical cord veins as optional material for small‐caliber grafts. This was a nonrandomized, noncontrolled in vitro study. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Yunyang Medical College. Umbilical cord veins of 20 normal fetuses of spontaneous labor were collected by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taihe Hospital in Shiyan City, Hubei Province. The fetuses aged 37–40 weeks, and the parturients were 20–30 years old. Umbilical cord veins of the 20 fetuses were used and the placental ends were treated as proximal ends while the fetal ends as distal ends. The fetal ends were divided into three segments: proximal, middle, and distal segments. The relationship between pressure of umbilical cord veins segments and the diameters was measured on the biomechanical experiment stand for soft tissues, and then the elastic modulus was calculated. The materials were transversely extracted, refrigerated, and sliced up before HE staining. The geometrical morphology indexes were measured by a computer image analysis system (Leica‐Q500IW). The main outcome measures were: incremental elastic modulus (Einc), pressure–strain elastic modulus (Ep), volume elastic modulus (Ev), diameter, and wall thickness of the veins. Einc, Ep, and Ev of umbilical cord veins of proximal, middle, and distal segments increased with the pressure elevated. The three kinds of elastic modulus of proximal segments (Einc: 26.98 ± 3.21, Ep: 16.58 ± 2.12, Ev: 8.31 ± 2.35) were all lower than those of distal segments (Einc: 33.20 ± 4.21, Ep: 119.45 ± 2.87, Ev: 9.71 ± 1.32) (F = 95.74–126.52, p < 0.05), and a tendency to increase was shown from proximal segments to distal segments. Media thickness [(0.30 ± 0.05)] mm, (0.24 ± 0.03) mm] and the diameters [(3.07 ± 0.12) mm, (2.30 ± 0.13) mm] decreased gradually from proximal to distal segments (F = 12.76, p < 0.01). It is feasible to use umbilical cord veins as substitutes for the transplantation of small‐caliber arteries in terms of basic biomechanical properties. On vascular grafting, different segments of umbilical cord veins should be chosen cautiously so that the biomechanical characteristics of umbilical cord vein grafts could be in accordance with those of host to increase the long‐term patency rate of transplanted blood vessels. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Remembering and honoring Paul Meehl
Authors: Ellis Albert 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe author commemorates Paul Meehl by briefly presenting some of his cardinal contributions to clinical psychology, including the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), rational–emotive behavior therapy, and clinical versus statistical prediction. He also describes a few of his personal contacts with him. Meehl modeled a way of thinking, and thinking about thinking, that should be useful to all clinical psychologists. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 61: 1231–1232, 2005.
Why Paul Meehl will revolutionize the philosophy of science and why it should matter to psychologists
Authors: Faust David 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPaul Meehl was a person of remarkable genius who made many seminal contributions to psychology and other fields. One of his most important, but less widely known potential contributions is the codevelopment, and the extension and elaboration of meta‐science, or the science of science. Meta‐science involves applying more rigorous methods (than are usually used) to the study of episodes in the history of science, or the historical track record, in order to address long‐standing questions in the philosophy and history of science, aid in the selection of optimally effective methodology, and assist the scientist in higher level and complex integrative judgments (e.g., theory evaluation). Psychologists, given their methodological sophistication, can be major contributors to meta‐scientific efforts and to the development of this field. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 61: 1355–1366, 2005.
Using fetal acoustic stimulation to shorten the biophysical profile
Authors: Pinette Michael G. , Blackstone Jacquelyn , Wax Joseph R. , Cartin Angelina 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether fetal acoustic stimulation can decrease the time required to achieve a reassuring biophysical profile.MethodsPatients scheduled for a biophysical profile were prospectively assigned to study and control groups. The study group received 3 seconds of acoustic stimulation if fetal breathing, tone, or movement were not present during the first 5 minutes of the study. The biophysical profile was completed in the standard fashion, for both groups.ResultsA total of 870 patients were enrolled (458 control, 412 with stimulation). The fetal acoustic stimulation group had decreased testing time (3 minutes) and fewer non‐reassuring tests (5%). The fetal acoustic stimulation group had fewer studies without breathing, potentially reducing the need for further testing or intervention.ConclusionsFetal acoustic stimulation can be used to decrease the biophysical profile testing time and to reduce the number of non‐reassuring tests. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 33:223–225, 2005
Effects of exercise on gallbladder volume and motility in obese women
Authors: Sari Ramazan , Balci Nilufer , Balci Mustafa Kemal 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPurposeComparatively few prospective studies have investigated the relationship between physical activity and gallbladder motility, and the results are controversial. Exercise may affect gallbladder motility via neural or hormonal mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of aerobic exercise on gallbladder motility in a group of obese women without gallstones.Patients and MethodsTwenty‐three obese women (age 41.2 ± 10.3 years, body mass index 40.7 ± 6.7 kg/m2) were included in the study. Following an overnight fast, fasting and postprandial (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, and 150 minute) volumes and ejection fractions were evaluated with real‐time ultrasonography before exercise. For all subjects, the exercise regimen consisted of daily 45‐minute walking sessions at 60–80% of maximum heart rate for 4 weeks except weekends. Gallbladder volume and ejection fraction were again evaluated after exercise.ResultsFasting and postprandial (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, and 150 minute) volumes were 38.6 ± 10.9, 32.8 ± 8.8, 27.6 ± 8.1, 22.7 ± 8.5, 21.4 ± 7.2, 20.8 ± 7.0, 22.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.0, and 36.8 ± 6.2 cm3 before the exercise period, respectively, and 40.8 ± 18.9, 29.9 ± 11.2, 25.3 ± 9.2, 22.4 ± 8.5, 19.6 ± 7.8, 17.7 ± 6.8, 17.8 ± 7.3, 23.1 ± 10.8, and 29.0 ± 14.4 cm3 after the exercise period, respectively. Postprandial (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, and 150 minute) ejection fractions were 13.5 ± 15.9, 27.4 ± 15.4, 39.5 ± 20.0, 43.2 ± 16.7, 44.3 ± 17.3, 37.5 ± 23.5, 23.5 ± 25.1, and 5.5 ± 21.6% before the exercise period, respectively, and 22.6 ± 20.1, 34.6 ± 14.5, 42.0 ± 13.6, 49.2 ± 12.6, 53.1 ± 14.1, 52.6 ± 16.1, 43.6 ± 17.0, and 29.2 ± 26.5% after exercise, respectively. After the exercise period, the 75, 90, 120, and 150 minute volumes were lower (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.01) and the 90, 120, and 150 minute ejection fractions were higher than before exercise (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.01).ConclusionsOur study showed that exercise decreased late‐phase postprandial gallbladder volume and increased late‐phase postprandial gallbladder motility in these obese women. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 33:218–222, 2005
Endosonographic evaluation of perianal fistulas and abscesses: comparison of two instruments and assessment of the role of hydrogen peroxide injection
Authors: Maor Yaakov , Chowers Yehuda , Koller Moshe , Zmora Oded , Bar‐Meir Simon , Avidan Benjamin 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPurposeThe aims of this study were to compare the performance of a mechanical radial endosonoscope and an endorectal electronic probe and to evaluate the value of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) injection in the diagnosis of perianal fistulas.Patients and MethodsSixty‐one patients underwent clinical and endosonographic studies for suspected perianal fistulas or abscesses. Endosonography was performed using two instruments: a mechanical radial endosonoscope (Olympus GF‐UM20) and an electronic endorectal probe (Hitachi EUP‐R53). The patients were re‐examined during and following H2O2 injection using both systems.ResultsThirty‐seven fistulous tracts were visualized with the electronic endorectal probe versus only 9 with the mechanical radial endosonoscope. Four patients had anal stenosis, precluding the use of the larger electronic probe. Three fistulas were detected in these patients using the mechanical radial endosonoscope. H2O2 injection was not feasible in 26 patients (43%). Visualization of 11 (31%) fistulas improved after administration of H2O2. Six fistulous tracts not detected before H2O2 administration were clearly visualized during injection and for several minutes thereafter.ConclusionsWork‐up of perianal fistula should be preferably performed using the endorectal electronic probe. However, the mechanical radial endoscope is preferred in patients with anal stricture. H2O2 injection should become an integral part of every sonographic study of perianal fistulas. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 33:226–232, 2005
Hemimegalencephaly: cranial sonographic findings in neonates
Authors: Hung Po‐Cheng , Wang Huei‐Shyong 
Published: July 2005

AbstractHemimegalencephaly is a rare neuronal migration disorder characterized by overgrowth of part or all of 1 cerebral hemisphere. Lissencephaly, pachygyria, polymicrogyria, heterotopia, and glial abnormalities are usually noted pathologically in the enlarged hemisphere. We report the sonographic changes associated with hemimegalencephaly in 2 neonates presenting with seizures and correlate these changes with the magnetic resonance imaging findings. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 33:243–247, 2005
Multilocular adenomatoid tumor of the ovary: ultrasonographic findings
Authors: Ghossain Michel A. , Chucrallah Antoine , Kanso Hassan , Aoun Noël J. , Abboud Joseph 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe report the sonographic findings of a rare benign ovarian tumor in a 69‐year‐old woman. Transvaginal ultrasonography showed a cystic multilocular lesion with a vascularized central solid portion of the left ovary. Surgery revealed an adenomatoid tumor. Adenomatoid tumors are benign lesions of mesothelial origin, usually solid in nature and rarely located in the ovaries. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 33:233–236, 2005
Splenic vein Aneurysm with Calcification of Splenic and Portal Veins
Authors: Kocakoc Ercan , Kiris Adem , Bozgeyik Zulkif , Uysal Hadi , Artas Hakan 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSplenic vein aneurysm is a rare disease, and calcifications in the portal venous system are also rare. Here we present a case of splenic vein aneurysm associated with calcification of the splenic and portal veins, a condition that to our knowledge has not been reported before. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 33:251–253, 2005
Mating of Xenos vesparum (Rossi) (Strepsiptera, Insecta) revisited
Authors: Beani L. , Giusti F. , Mercati D. , Lupetti P. , Paccagnini E. , Turillazzi S. , Dallai R. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe controversial mating of the strepsipteran Xenos vesparum was studied to investigate the possible sperm routes for fertilization. The female, which is a neotenic permanent endoparasite of Polistes wasps, extrudes only its anterior region, the “cephalothorax,” from the host abdomen. This region has an opening where both mating and larval escape occur. Observations with scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed spermatozoa not only in the hemocoel, but also in the “ventral canal” (an extragenital duct peculiar to strepsipteran females) and in the “genital ducts” (ectodermal invaginations connecting the ventral canal to the hemocoel) of recently mated females. Xenos vesparum spermatozoa can reach the oocytes either through the hemocoel as a result of a hypodermic insemination, or by moving along the extragenital ducts, which are later used by first instar larvae to escape. The hypothesis of hypodermic insemination is reconsidered in the light of behavioral and ultrastructural evidence. J. Morphol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fragmentation reactions of deprotonated peptides containing proline. The proline effect
Authors: Harrison Alex G. , Young Alex B. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe collision‐induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation reactions of a variety of deprotonated peptides containing proline have been studied in detail using MS2 and MS3 experiments, deuterium labelling and accurate mass measurements when necessary. The [MHCO2]− (a2) ion derived from H‐Pro‐Xxx‐OH dipeptides shows an unusual fragmentation involving loss of C2H4; this fragmentation reaction is not observed for larger peptides. The primary fragmentation reactions of deprotonated tripeptides with an N‐terminal proline are formation of a3 and y1 ions. When proline is in the central position of tripeptides, a3, y2 and y1 ions are the primary fragmentation products of [MH]−, while when the proline is in the C‐terminal position, a3and y1 ions are the major primary products. In the latter case, the a3 ion fragments primarily to the ″b2 ion; further evidence is presented that the ″b2 ions have a deprotonated oxazolone structure. Larger deprotonated peptides having at least two amino acid residues N‐terminal to proline show a distinct preference for cleavage of the amide bond N‐terminal to proline to form, mainly, the appropriate y ion. This proline effect is compared and contrasted with the similar proline effect observed in the fragmentation of protonated peptides containing proline. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heterogeneous expression and regulation of hippocampal prostaglandin E2 receptors
Authors: Zhu Peimin , Genc Ali , Zhang Xiong , Zhang Jian , Bazan Nicolas G. , Chen Chu 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAlthough prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been shown to be critical to hippocampal synaptic signaling and neuronal survival, it is still not clear which subtypes of PGE2 receptors (EPs) are expressed and how these EPs are regulated in the hippocampus. To address these questions, the expression of the EPs was profiled in the hippocampus. Messenger RNAs and proteins of the four receptors, EP1–4, were detected both in the hippocampus and in the neocortex. EP2 and EP3 appeared in greater abundance, whereas EP1 and EP4 were barely detectable. EP1, EP2 and EP4 were mainly colocalized with synaptophysin, suggesting the presence of EP1, EP2, and EP4 in presynaptic terminals. It appeared that interleukin‐1β increased the expression of EP2 and EP4 mRNAs. A blockade of synaptic transmission with either tetrodotoxin or MK‐801 plus 6,7‐dinitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (DNQX) for 6 hr increased EP3 and EP4 mRNA, whereas high K+(90 mM) or 4‐aminopyridine enhanced EP2 and EP4. The EP1 level did not change significantly under these conditions. The expressions of EP2, EP4, and EP3 were further elevated or reduced in neurons treated with high K+for 24 hr. However, mRNA of EP3 was down‐regulated in neurons treated with tetrodotoxin or MK‐801 plus DNQX for 24 hr. In addition, both EP2 and EP4 mRNAs were up‐regulated within 4 hr after high‐frequency stimulation associated with long‐term potentiation induction in hippocampal slices. Our results indicate that the four EPs are heterogeneously expressed in the hippocampus, and their expression is differentially regulated by neuronal activities, suggesting that EPs may actively participate in hippocampal synaptic transmission and plasticity. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decreased density of muscarinic receptors in the superior temporal gyrusin schizophrenia
Authors: Deng Chao , Huang Xu‐Feng 
Published: July 2005

AbstractRecent studies have indicated that muscarinic receptors are involved in the pathophysiology in schizophrenia, particularly in cognitive deficits. The superior temporal gyrus (STG) is an area that has also been strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the binding density of two muscarinic antagonists, [3H]pirenzepine and [3H]AF‐DX384, in the STG of schizophrenia patients compared with controls. A significant decrease (44% in the superficial layers and 48% in the deep layers, P < 0.01) in binding density of [3H]pirenzepine was observed in schizophrenia patients, which suggested a reduction of muscarinic M1 and M4 receptor densities in the STG of schizophrenia patients. A tendency toward decreased [3H]AF‐DX384 binding density (34%, P = 0.09) was also observed in schizophrenia patients compared with controls. Because of the positive correlation between [3H]pirenzepine and [3H]AF‐DX384 binding, and, insofar as both ligands have high affinities for the M4 receptor, the involvement of M4 receptor alteration is also suggested in the STG in schizophrenia. These results suggest that changes of the muscarinic receptors M1 and M4 might contribute to the STG pathology in schizophrenia. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FK506 reduces tissue damage and prevents functional deficit after spinal cord injury in the rat
Authors: López‐Vales Rubèn , García‐Alías Guillermo , Forés Joaquim , Udina Esther , Gold Bruce G. , Navarro Xavier , Verdú Enrique 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe examined the efficacy of FK506 in reducing tissue damage after spinal cord injury in comparison to methylprednisolone (MP) treatment. Rats were subjected to a photochemical injury (T8) and were given a bolus of MP (30 mg/kg), FK506 (2 mg/kg), or saline. An additional group received an initial bolus of FK506 (2 mg/kg) followed by daily injections (0.2 mg/kg intraperitoneally). Functional recovery was evaluated using open‐field walking, inclined plane tests, motor evoked potentials (MEPs), and the H‐reflex response during 14 days postoperation (dpo). Tissue sparing and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), biotinylated tomato lectin LEC, cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) immunoreactivity were quantified in the injured spinal cord. FK506‐treated animals demonstrated significantly better neurologic outcome, higher MEP amplitudes, and lower H‐wave amplitude compared to that of saline‐treated rats. In contrast, administration of MP did not result in significant differences with respect to the saline‐treated group. Histologic examination revealed that tissue sparing was largest in FK506‐treated compared to saline and MP‐treated animals. GFAP and COX‐2 reactivity was decreased in animals treated with FK506 compared to that in animals given MP or saline, whereas IL‐1β expression was similarly reduced in both FK506‐ and MP‐treated groups. Microglia/macrophage response was reduced in FK506 and MP‐injected animals at 3 dpo, but only in MP‐treated animals at 7 dpo with respect to saline‐injected rats. Repeated administrations of FK506 improved functional and histologic results to a greater degree than did a single bolus of FK506. The results indicate that FK506 administration protects the damaged spinal cord and should be considered as potential therapy for treating spinal cord injuries. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brain as a paradigm of organ growth: Hedgehog–Gli signaling in neural stem cells and brain tumors
Authors: Stecca Barbara , Ruiz i Altaba Ariel 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe Hedgehog–Gli (Hh–Gli) signaling pathway is essential for numerous events during the development of many animal cell types and organs. In particular, it controls neural cell precursor proliferation in dorsal brain structures and regulates the number of neural stem cells in distinct embryonic, perinatal, and adult niches, such as the developing neocortex, the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle of the forebrain, and the hippocampus. We have proposed that Hh–Gli signaling regulates dorsal brain growth during ontogeny and that its differential regulation underlays evolutionary change in the morphology (size and shape) of dorsal brain structures. It is also critically involved in sporadic brain tumorigenesis — as well as several other human cancers — suggesting that tumors derive from stem cells or progenitors maintaining an inappropriate active Hh–Gli pathway. Importantly, we and others have demonstrated that human sporadic tumors from the brain and other organs require sustained HH–GLI signaling for sustained growth and survival. Modulating HH–GLI signaling thus represents a novel rational avenue to treat, on one hand, brain degeneration and injury by inducing controlled HH–GLI‐mediated regeneration and growth, and on the other hand, to combat cancer by blocking its abnormal activity in tumor cells. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 64: 476–490, 2005
Role of morphogens in neural crest cell determination
Authors: Jones Natalie C. , Trainor Paul A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe neural crest is a transient, migratory cell population found in all vertebrate embryos that generate a diverse range of cell and tissue derivatives including, but not limited, to the neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, smooth muscle, connective tissue, melanocytes, craniofacial cartilage, and bone. Over the past few years, many studies have provided tremendous insights into understanding the mechanisms regulating the induction and migration of neural crest cell development. This review highlights the surprising and perhaps unexpected roles for morphogens in these distinct processes. A comparison of studies performed in several different vertebrates emphasizes the requirement for coordination between multiple signaling pathways in the induction and migration of neural crest cells in the developing embryo. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 64: 388–404, 2005