bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initiatives to detect and prevent death from perioperative deterioration
Authors: Posthuma Linda M. , Preckel Benedikt 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
This study indicates that there are differences between hospitals in detection, as well as in adequate management of postsurgical complications, a phenomenon that is described as ‘failure-to-rescue’.
In this review, recent initiatives to reduce failure-to-rescue in the perioperative period are described.

Recent findings
Use of cognitive aids, emergency manuals, family participation as well as remote monitoring systems are measures to reduce failure-to-rescue situations. Postoperative visit of an anaesthesiologist on the ward was not shown to improve outcome, but there is still room for improvement of postoperative care.

Summary
Improving the complete emergency chain, including monitoring, recognition and response in the afferent limb, as well as diagnostic and treatment in the efferent limb, should lead to reduced failure-to-rescue situations in the perioperative period.
Low-Dose Elagolix for the Treatment of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding in Patients With Uterine Leiomyomas
Authors: Brown Eric , Kroll Robin , Li Hong , Ng Juki , Pinsky Brett , Rodriguez Jose W. , Thomas James , Snabes Michael C. 
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of elagolix 150 mg once-daily monotherapy in patients with heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine leiomyomas.

METHODS:
A phase 4, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-month treatment study was conducted in premenopausal patients aged 18–51 years with heavy menstrual bleeding (defined as menstrual blood loss greater than 80 mL during one menstrual cycle) associated with uterine leiomyomas. Patients were randomized 2:1 to receive elagolix 150 mg once daily or placebo. The primary endpoint was reduction in menstrual blood loss volume to less than 80 mL at the final month and at least a 50% reduction in menstrual blood loss volume from baseline to the final month.

RESULTS:
Of 82 randomized patients, 54 received elagolix 150 mg and 28 received placebo. With elagolix, 49.4% (95% CI 35.1–63.8%) of patients met the primary endpoint, compared with 23.3% (95% CI 7.2–39.5%) of patients who received placebo (P=.035). Statistically significant differences between elagolix and placebo in mean reduction of menstrual blood loss from baseline were seen as early as month 1 (P<.05 for months 1–3 and 5). Significantly more patients receiving elagolix experienced suppression of bleeding compared with placebo (P=.036). Greater improvements were observed in the elagolix group (vs placebo) in the proportion of patients with amenorrhea, in hemoglobin concentrations, and in health-related quality of life. No serious or severe adverse events were reported for elagolix, compared with 7.1% of participants in the placebo group having serious adverse events (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] n=1, enlarged uvula n=1). Three patients (5.6%) discontinued elagolix due to adverse events.

CONCLUSION:
Elagolix 150 mg once-daily monotherapy significantly improved heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine leiomyomas compared with placebo in premenopausal patients. Treatment with elagolix 150 mg once daily was generally well-tolerated in this study, with no new safety signals.

FUNDING SOURCE:
AbbVie Inc.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03886220.
The plaque hypothesis: understanding mechanisms of plaque progression and destabilization, and implications for clinical management
Authors: Ahmed Mona E. , Hakim Diaa , Stone Peter H. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) typically arise from nonflow-limiting coronary artery disease and not from flow-limiting obstructions that cause ischemia. This review elaborates the current understanding of the mechanism(s) for plaque development, progression, and destabilization and how identification of these high-risk features can optimally inform clinical management.

Recent findings
Advanced invasive and noninvasive coronary imaging and computational postprocessing enhance an understanding of pathobiologic/pathophysiologic features of coronary artery plaques prone to destabilization and MACE. Early investigations of high-risk plaques focused on anatomic and biochemical characteristics (large plaque burden, severe luminal obstruction, thin cap fibroatheroma morphology, and large lipid pool), but more recent studies underscore that additional factors, particularly biomechanical factors [low endothelial shear stress (ESS), high ESS gradient, plaque structural stress, and axial plaque stress], provide the critical incremental stimulus acting on the anatomic substrate to provoke plaque destabilization. These destabilizing features are often located in areas distant from the flow-limiting obstruction or may exist in plaques without any flow limitation. Identification of these high-risk, synergistic plaque features enable identification of plaques prone to destabilize regardless of the presence or absence of a severe obstruction (Plaque Hypothesis).

Summary
Local plaque topography, hemodynamic patterns, and internal plaque constituents constitute high-risk features that may be located along the entire course of the coronary plaque, including both flow-limiting and nonflow-limiting regions. For coronary interventions to have optimal clinical impact, it will be critical to direct their application to the plaque area(s) at highest risk.
Long-term outcomes of sutureless intrascleral IOL fixation in children and adults: single surgeon case series with and without haptic flanging with up to 11 years of follow-up
Authors: Moore Spencer M , Bullock Brenna L , Walsh Mark K 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
Report and compare long-term outcomes and complications of sutureless scleral tunnel (SST) and flanged haptic (FH) scleral fixated IOLs (SFIOL), with spontaneous IOL dislocation as primary outcome measure.

Methods:
Retrospective single-surgeon case series of 95 SST and 458 FH eyes from 2011-2022 (553 total eyes). Demographics, surgical indications, ocular history, visual acuity and complication rates were collected.

Results:
Reoperation-requiring spontaneous IOL dislocation rate was significantly different (P=0.0167) between FH (3.7%) and SST (10.5%). Mean follow-up was 3.31±0.30 vs. 1.58±0.07 years for SST and FH, respectively. There was no significant difference between preoperative (20/305 vs. 20/300) or final postoperative (20/77 vs. 20/62) visual acuity. Other complications included any cystoid macular edema (20.0% vs. 25.3%), elevated IOP (16.8 vs. 9.6%), IOL tilt requiring re-operation (5.3 vs. 0%), haptic exposure (2.1 vs. 3.3%), and reverse pupillary block (4.2 vs. 1.1%).

Conclusions:
Haptic flanging resulted in fewer eyes meeting the primary endpoint of IOL dislocation. We report the longest-to-date follow-up of both non-flanged SST IOL fixation and our FH modified Yamane technique. Our FH modified Yamane technique represents a safe, durable, and potentially superior option for SFIOL.
Health Problems Related to Presenteeism Among Japanese Employees
Authors: Ozawa Sakiko , Monma Takafumi , Tsuchida Momoko , Kikuchi Ayako , Takeda Fumi 
Published: September 2023

Objective
This study identified primary health problems related to presenteeism stratified by sex.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the relationship between 26 health problems and presenteeism using data from health-related data and World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire among 12,526 employees in Japan.

Results
Sex-stratified multiple regression analyses showed that presenteeism was associated with nine health problems in both sexes, depressive symptoms, followed by lack of appetite, insufficient sleep, heart palpitations, or shortness of breath demonstrated the strongest relationship. Men had five additional health problems associated with presenteeism; furthermore, the relationships of those were stronger than women.

Conclusions
The primary health problems related to presenteeism were depressive symptoms and indefinite complaints in both sexes. Men had more and stronger relationship between health problems and presenteeism than women.
The Impact of Musical Rehabilitation on Complex Sound Perception in Cochlear Implant Users: A Systematic Review
Authors: Abdulbaki Hasan , Mo Jonathan , Limb Charles J. , Jiam Nicole T. 
Published: September 2023

Objective
Musical rehabilitation has been used in clinical and nonclinical contexts to improve postimplantation auditory processing in implanted individuals. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of music rehabilitation in controlled experimental and quasi-experimental studies on cochlear implant (CI) user speech and music perception.

Databases reviewed
PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycARTICLES, and PsycINFO databases through July 2022.

Methods
Controlled experimental trials and prospective studies were included if they compared pretest and posttest data and excluded hearing aid-only users. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were then used to extract data from 11 included studies with a total of 206 pediatric and adult participants. Interventions included group music therapy, melodic contour identification training, auditory-motor instruction, or structured digital music training. Studies used heterogeneous outcome measures evaluating speech and music perception. Risk of bias was assessed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Quality Assessment Tool.

Results
A total of 735 studies were screened, and 11 met the inclusion criteria. Six trials reported both speech and music outcomes, whereas five reported only music perception outcomes after the intervention relative to control. For music perception outcomes, significant findings included improvements in melodic contour identification (five studies, p < 0.05), timbre recognition (three studies, p < 0.05), and song appraisal (three studies, p < 0.05) in their respective trials. For speech prosody outcomes, only vocal emotion identification demonstrated significant improvements (two studies, p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Music rehabilitation improves performance on multiple measures of music perception, as well as tone-based characteristics of speech (i.e., emotional prosody). This suggests that rehabilitation may facilitate improvements in the discrimination of spectrally complex signals.
Circulating Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNA and Depressive Symptoms Among Low-Active Adults Who Smoke
Authors: Daniels Teresa E. , Zitkovsky Emily K. , Laumann Laura E. , Kunicki Zachary J. , Price Destiny J. , Peterson Abigail L. , Dennery Phyllis A. , Kao Hung-Teh , Parade Stephanie H. , Price Lawrence H. , Abrantes Ana M. , Tyrka Audrey R. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Levels of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) are observed to be altered in depression. However, the few studies that have measured cf-mtDNA in depression have reported conflicting findings. This study examined cf-mtDNA and depressive symptoms in low-active adults who smoke.

Methods
Participants were adults 18 to 65 years old (N = 109; 76% female) with low baseline physical activity and depressive symptoms recruited for a smoking cessation study. Self-report measures assessed depression severity, positive and negative affect, and behavioral activation. Blood was collected and analyzed for cf-mtDNA. Relationships between depressive symptoms and cf-mtDNA were examined with correlations and linear regression.

Results
Levels of cf-mtDNA were associated with categorically defined depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score >15), lower positive affect, and decreased behavioral activation (p < .05). Relationships remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, and nicotine dependence. In a linear regression model including all depressive symptom measures as predictors, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale group and lower positive affect remained significant.

Conclusions
This work suggests that mitochondrial changes are associated with depressive symptoms in low-active adults who smoke. Higher levels of cf-mtDNA in association with depression and with lower positive affect and decreased behavioral activation are consistent with a possible role for mitochondrial function in depressive symptoms.
The global expansion from southern Africa by modern humans? Its signal may be shown more through the cranial shape of males than females
Authors: Cenac Zarus 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs the geographical distance between populations increases, populations are known to become more distant (dissimilar) in biological measures such as cranial shape. Relationships between geographical distance and biological distance are thought to be explained by modern humans having expanded from Africa. Expansion from Africa is also thought to explain why biological diversities (e.g., cranial shape diversity) decrease as geographical distance from Africa goes up. Research has suggested that modern humans expanded through different routes. If there were different routes, perhaps the relationship between geographical distance and cranial shape distance declines as the population (that distances are measured from) gets further away from Africa. This study used cranial shape measurements derived from the Howells data, and found that such a decline was suggested for males, unlike for females. It has been reasoned that variables which indicate the global expansion should signal an area of origin which is only in Africa. The relationship between geographical and cranial shape distances did not signal an exclusively African area. However, for males, the area was primarily in Africa. Overall, the relationship seemed to represent the expansion better amongst males than females. Congruently, cranial shape diversity declined more strongly for males than females as geographical distance from Africa accrued. To estimate which area of Africa the global expansion originated in, previous research pooled an estimate from genetic diversities, and suggested a southern origin. This estimate was supported when adding cranially-derived variables to the pooling, including the relationship between geographical distance and male cranial shape distance.
A 4D transcriptomic map for the evolution of multiple sclerosis-like lesions in the marmoset brain
Authors: Lin Jing-Ping , Brake Alexis , Donadieu Maxime , Lee Amanda , Kawaguchi Riki , Sati Pascal , Geschwind Daniel H. , Jacobson Steven , Schafer Dorothy P. , Reich Daniel S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSingle-time-point histopathological studies on postmortem multiple sclerosis (MS) tissue fail to capture lesion evolution dynamics, posing challenges for therapy development targeting development and repair of focal inflammatory demyelination. To close this gap, we studied experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) in the common marmoset, the most faithful animal model of these processes. Using MRI-informed RNA profiling, we analyzed ∼600,000 single-nucleus and ∼55,000 spatial transcriptomes, comparing them against EAE inoculation status, longitudinal radiological signals, and histopathological features. We categorized 5 groups of microenvironments pertinent to neural function, immune and glial responses, tissue destruction and repair, and regulatory network at brain borders. Exploring perilesional microenvironment diversity, we uncovered central roles of EAE-associated astrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and ependyma in lesion formation and resolution. We pinpointed imaging and molecular features capturing the pathological trajectory of WM, offering potential for assessing treatment outcomes using marmoset as a platform.One sentence summaryA cross-modality study to identify the spatiotemporal-based diversity of primate brain cells during white matter inflammatory demyelination to inform lesion detection, stratification, and management in multiple sclerosis.
OSCAA: A Two-Dimensional Gaussian Mixture Model for Copy Number Variation Association Analysis
Authors: Yu Xuanxuan , Luo Xizhi , Cai Guoshuai , Xiao Feifei 
Published: September 2023

SummaryCopy number variants (CNVs) are prevalent in the human genome which provide profound effect on genomic organization and human diseases. Discovering disease associated CNVs is critical for understanding the pathogenesis of diseases and aiding their diagnosis and treatment. However, traditional methods for assessing the association between CNVs and disease risks adopt a two-stage strategy conducting quantitative CNV measurements first and then testing for association, which may lead to biased association estimation and low statistical power, serving as a major barrier in routine genome wide assessment of such variation. In this article, we developed OSCAA, a flexible algorithm to discover disease associated CNVs for both quantitative and qualitative traits. OSCAA employs a two-dimensional Gaussian mixture model that is built upon the principal components from copy number intensities, accounting for technical biases in CNV detection while simultaneously testing for their effect on outcome traits. In OSCAA, CNVs are identified and their associations with disease risk are evaluated simultaneously in a single step, taking into account the uncertainty of CNV identification in the statistical model. Our simulations demonstrated that OSCAA outperformed the existing one-stage method and traditional two-stage methods by yielding a more accurate estimate of the CNV-disease association, especially for short CNVs or CNVs with weak signal. In conclusion, OSCAA is a powerful and flexible approach for CNV association testing with high sensitivity and specificity, which can be easily applied to different traits and clinical risk predictions.
CITE-seq reveals inhibition of NF-κB pathway in B cells from vitamin D-treated multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Galoppin Manon , Rival Manon , Louis Anaïs , Kari Saniya , Soldati Sasha , Engelhardt Britta , Astier Anne , Marin Philippe , Thouvenot Eric 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is a recognized risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) and has been associated with disease activity and progression. Vitamin D treatment has emerged as potentially protective, despite conflicting results from randomized controlled trials. Here, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) combined with barcoded antibodies targeting surface markers (CITE-seq) to uncover candidate genes and pathways regulated in PBMC subpopulations from MS patients receiving high-dose vitamin D (n=5) or placebo (n=5). Best candidates were combined with genes involved in immune function and vitamin D metabolism for validation in a new cohort (n=8 in each group) by high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction (HT-qPCR) in FACS-sorted naive CD4, Th1, Th17, Treg, naive CD8, memory and naive B cells, and MAIT cells. CITE-seq revealed no significant changes in the proportions of these subpopulations in response to vitamin D treatment. Out of the 92 candidate genes identified by CITE-seq, we validated differential expression of five genes (UXT, SNRPN, SUB1, GNLY and KLF6) using HT-qPCR. Furthermore, CITE-seq uncovered vitamin D-induced regulation of several pathways in naive and memory B cells, including MAPK, TLR and interleukin pathways, that may contribute to counteract Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced resistance to apoptosis, notably through inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.Graphical Abstract
Capturing temporal heterogeneity of communities: a temporal β-diversity based on Hill numbers and time series analysis
Authors: Sánchez-Ochoa Daniel J. , González Edgar J. , Arizmendi María del Coro , Koleff Patricia , Martell-Dubois Raúl , Meave Jorge A. , Pérez-Mendoza Hibraim A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBeta-diversity is a term used to refer to the heterogeneity in the composition of species through space or time. Despite a consensus on the advantages of measuring β-diversity using data on species abundances through Hill numbers, we still lack a measure of temporal β-diversity based on this framework. In this paper, we present the mathematical basis for a temporal β-diversity measure, based on both signal processing and Hill numbers theory through the partition of temporal ƴ-diversity. The proposed measure was tested in four hypothetical simulated communities with species varying in temporal concurrence and abundance and two empirical data sets. The values of each simulation reflected community heterogeneity and changes in abundance over time. In terms of ƴ-diversity,q-values are closely related to total richness (S) and show a negative exponential pattern when they increase. For α-diversity,q-value profiles were more variable than ƴ-diversity, and different decaying patterns in α-diversity can be observed among simulations. Temporal β-diversity shows different patterns, which are principally related to the rate of change between ƴ- and α-diversity. Our framework provides a direct and objective approach for comparing the heterogeneity of temporal community patterns; this measure can be interpreted as the effective number of completely different unique communities over the sampling period indicating either a larger variety of community structures or higher species heterogeneity through time. This method can be applied to any ecological community that has been monitored over time.
Validation of cross progeny variance genomic prediction using simulations and experimental data in winter elite bread wheat
Authors: Oget-Ebrad Claire , Heumez Emmanuel , Duchalais Laure , Goudemand-Dugué Ellen , Oury François-Xavier , Elsen Jean-Michel , Bouchet Sophie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe utilization of genomic prediction is increasing in crop breeding to parental selection and mating. The Usefulness Criterion (UC) that considers Parental Mean (PM), progeny Standard Deviation (SD) and selection intensity has been shown to increase the likelihood to get outstanding progenies compared to mating using PM alone while maintaining more diversity in the germplasm for next generations.This study estimates our ability to predict UC and its two components (PM and SD) using simulations and experimental data (73-101 winter bread wheat crosses depending on the trait, with 54.8 progenies on average) including heading date, plant height, grain protein content and yield evaluation. The training population comprises 2,146 French varieties registered during the last 20 years and INRAE-AO breeding lines.According to simulations, prediction ability increases with heritability and progeny size and decreases with QTL number, most notably for SD. We used as a reference a TRUE scenario,i.e. an optimal situation where TP is infinite and where marker effects are perfectly estimated. SD was strongly impacted by the quality of marker effect estimates. In simulations, considering the error in marker effect estimates improved SD predictions for quantitative traits with low heritability. In experimental data, the interest of this method was limited.PM and UC were reasonably predicted for all traits, while SD was more challenging. This pioneering study experimentally validates genomic prediction of progeny variance. The ability of prediction depends on trait architecture while the realization of cross potential in the field necessitates a sufficient number of progenies.Key messageFrom simulations and experimental data, the quality of cross progeny variance genomic predictions may be high, but depends on trait architecture and necessitates sufficient number of progenies.