bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Stat3 promotes neurogenesis in cultured neural stem cells
Authors: Gu Feng , Hata Ryuji , Ma Yong‐Jie , Tanaka Junya , Mitsuda Noriaki , Kumon Yoshiaki , Hanakawa Yasushi , Hashimoto Koji , Nakajima Koichi , Sakanaka Masahiro 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTo investigate the effects of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) on neural stem cell fate, stem cells were inoculated with an adenovirus vector expressing dominant negative form of Stat3 (Stat3F). One day later, a promoter assay revealed significant reduction of the transcriptional level in the transfected cells. Three days later, Western blot analysis and immunocytochemical analysis revealed that the protein level of microtubule‐associated protein (MAP)2 and the number of MAP2‐positive cells were increased significantly in the transfected cells whereas the protein level of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and the number of GFAP‐positive cells were decreased significantly. In addition, mRNA levels of Notch family members (Notch1, 2, and 3) and of inhibitory basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) factors (Hes5, Id2, and Id3) were significantly downregulated at 3 days after viral inoculation with Stat3F; however, mRNA levels of bHLH determination factors (Math1 and Neurogenin3) and bHLH differentiation factors (NeuroD1 and NeuroD2) were significantly upregulated. These data indicated that suppression of Stat3 directly induced neurogenesis and inhibited astrogliogenesis in neural stem cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in neuronal protein 22 expression and cytoskeletal association in the alcohol‐dependent and withdrawn rat brain
Authors: Depaz Iris M. , de las Heras Rachel , Kroon Paulus A. , Wilce Peter A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe action of alcohol on neuronal pathways has been an issue of increasing research focus, with numerous findings contradicting the previously accepted idea that its effect is nonspecific. The human NP22 (hNP22) gene was revealed by its elevated expression in the frontal cortex of the human alcoholic. The sequences of hNP22 and the rat orthologue rNP22 contain a number of domains consistent with those of cytoskeletal‐interacting proteins. Localization of rNP22 is restricted to the cytoplasm and processes of neurons and it colocalizes with elements of the microfilament and microtubule matrices including filamentous actin (F‐actin), α‐tubulin, tau, and microtubule‐associated protein 2 (MAP2). Withdrawal of Wistar rats after alcohol dependence induced by alcohol vapor produced elevated levels of rNP22 mRNA and protein in the cortex, CA2, and dentate gyrus regions of the hippocampus. In contrast, there was decreased rNP22 expression in the striatum after chronic ethanol exposure. Chronic ethanol exposure did not markedly alter rNP22 colocalization with F‐actin, α‐tubulin, or MAP2, although colocalization at the periphery of the neuronal soma with F‐actin was observed only after chronic ethanol exposure and withdrawal. Rat NP22 colocalization with MAP2 was reduced during withdrawal, whereas association with α‐tubulin and actin was maintained. These findings suggest that the effect of chronic ethanol exposure and withdrawal on rNP22 expression is region selective. Rat NP22 may affect microtubule or microfilament function, thereby regulating the neuroplastic changes associated with the development of alcohol dependence and physical withdrawal. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol generation is regulated by insulin in cerebral cortex synaptosomes from adult and aged rats
Authors: Salvador Gabriela A. , Ilincheta de Boschero Monica G. , Pasquaré Susana J. , Giusto Norma M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractInsulin receptor associated with the cerebral cortex (CC) has been shown to be involved in brain cognitive functions. Furthermore, deterioration of insulin signaling has been associated with age‐related brain degeneration. We have reported previously that aging stimulates phospholipase D/phosphatidate phosphohydrolase 2 (PLD/PAP2) pathway in CC synaptosomes from aged rats, generating a differential availability of their reaction products: diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidic acid (PA). The aim of this work was to determine the effect of aging on DAG kinase (DAGK), as an alternative pathway for PA generation, and to evaluate the effect of insulin on PLD/PAP2 pathway and DAGK. PLD, PAP2, and DAGK activities were measured using specific radiolabeled substrates in CC synaptosomes from adult (4 months old) and aged rats (28 months old). In adult animals, in the presence of the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor (sodium o‐vanadate), insulin stimulated PLD activity at 5 min incubation. DAGK activity was also increased at the same time of incubation and PAP2 was inhibited. In aged animals, PLD activity was not modified by the presence of insulin plus vanadate, PAP2 was inhibited, and DAGK was stimulated by the hormone. Insulin, vanadate, and the combination of both induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation in adult CC synaptosomes. Aged rats showed a lower level of protein phosphorylation with respect to adult rats. Our results show that insulin modulates PA and DAG availability through the regulation of PLD/PAP2 and DAGK pathways in adult rat CC synaptosomes. Additionally, we demonstrated that PA and DAG generation is regulated differentially by insulin during aging. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium ion modulates expression of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins 2, 4, and 5 in catecholaminergic (SK‐N‐SH) cells
Authors: Ho Philip Wing‐Lok , Chan David Yiu‐Leung , Kwok Ken Hon‐Hung , Chu Andrew Chi‐Yuen , Ho Jessica Wing‐Man , Kung Michelle Hiu‐Wai , Ramsden David Boyer , Ho Shu‐Leong 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMethyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), a specific dopaminergic neurotoxin, inhibits mitochondrial complex I activity, generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduces ATP production, and induces cell death. We explored changes in expression of uncoupling proteins (UCPs 2, 4, and 5) following MPP+‐induced toxicity in SK‐N‐SH cells over 72 hr at the transcriptional (quantification of mRNA by real‐time RT‐PCR) and translational (Western analysis) levels. UCP5 mRNA and protein were markedly up‐regulated (1 mM MPP+ at 72 hr caused a twofold increase, P < 0.01), as was UCP4 mRNA, albeit to a much lesser extent. Surprisingly, UCP2 mRNA levels decreased at 24 hr (P < 0.05) but thereafter significantly increased to greater than control levels at 72 hr (P < 0.05), although UCP2 protein levels were decreased throughout (1 mM MPP+ at 72 hr caused a reduction of 50%, P < 0.01). The increase in ROS production may be attenuated by UCP4 and UCP5 up‐regulation. The consequence of decreased UCP2 levels is unclear, although this may represent an adaptive response to declines in ATP levels, the subsequent increase in mRNA being a response to further increases in oxidative stress. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The development of a suitable manufacturing process for ‘Benifuuki’ green tea beverage with anti‐allergic effects
Authors: Nagai Hiroshi , Maeda‐Yamamoto Mari , Suzuki Yuko , Sato Katsuhiko , Mitsuda Hiromichi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractEpigallocatechin‐3‐O‐(3‐O‐methyl) gallate (EGCG3″Me) has been reported to inhibit type I allergy better than epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major catechin in tea leaves (Camellia sinensis L). We examined the effects of extraction and sterilization on the catechin content and histamine release from mast cells, as a representative reaction of early phase allergy, in the manufacture of ‘Benifuuki’ green tea beverage. Among various varieties of tea, the cultivar ‘Benifuuki’ contains approximately 2% of EGCG3″Me. Ester‐type catechins and their epimers increased with the increased extraction temperature of the tea. A tea infusion, extracted at 90 °C, strongly inhibited histamine release from mast cells. Furthermore, sterilization affected the catechin content in the manufactured green tea beverage. Sterilization at high temperature promoted the isomerization of catechins and the sterilized green tea beverage had a strong inhibitory effect. When EGCG3″Me, EGCG, epicatechin‐3‐O‐gallate (ECG) and their epimers, GCG3″Me (gallocatechin‐3‐O‐(3‐O‐methyl) gallate), GCG (gallocatechin‐3‐O‐gallate) and CG (catechin‐3‐O‐gallate) were compared, the anti‐allergic effect of GCG3″Me was strongest, and the order of activity was GCG3″Me > EGCG3″Me > GCG > EGCG. We consequently suggest that it was necessary to extract components from tea at the highest temperature possible, and to pasteurize under retort conditions (118.1 °C, 20 min), to manufacture functional green tea beverage with an anti‐allergic action. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization of g∞,σ‐integral operators
Authors: Arango G. , López Molina J. A. , Rivera M. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe application of the general tensor norms theory of Defant and Floret to the ideal of (p, σ)‐absolutely continuous operators of Matter, 0 < σ < 1, 1 ≤ p < ∞ leads to the study of gp′,σ‐nuclear and gp′,σ‐integral operators. Characterizations of such operators has been obtained previously in the case p > 1. In this paper we characterize the g∞,σ‐nuclear and g∞,σ‐integral operators by the existence of factorizations of some special kinds. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Random vectors satisfying Khinchine–Kahane type inequalities for linear and quadratic forms
Authors: Bastero Jesús , Romance Miguel 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe study the behaviour of moments of order p (1 < p < ∞) of affine and quadratic forms with respect to non log‐concave measures and we obtain an extension of Khinchine–Kahane inequality for new families of random vectors by using Pisier's inequalities for martingales. As a consequence, we get some estimates for the moments of affine and quadratic forms with respect to a tail volume of the unit ball of lnq (0 < q < 1). (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Teichmüller curves, Galois actions and $ \widehat {GT} $‐relations
Authors: Möller Martin 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTeichmüller curves are geodesic discs in Teichmüller space that project to algebraic curves C in the moduli space Mg. Some Teichmüller curves can be considered as components of Hurwitz spaces. We show that the absolute Galois group Gℚ acts faithfully on the set of these embedded curves.We also compare the action of Gℚ on π1(C) with the one on π1(Mg) and obtain a relation in the Grothendieck–Teichmüller group, seemingly independent of the known ones. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Regularly decreasing weights and the topological subspace problem
Authors: Taskinen Jari 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe improve the example of a weighted space of analytic functions given in [8]: we replace the discontinuous weights of [8] by continuous ones and the disconnected domain by a connected one. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stochastic differential equations with fractal noise
Authors: Zähle M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractStochastic differential equations in ℝn with random coefficients are considered where one continuous driving process admits a generalized quadratic variation process. The latter and the other driving processes are assumed to possess sample paths in the fractional Sobolev space Wβ2 for some β > 1/2. The stochastic integrals are determined as anticipating forward integrals. A pathwise solution procedure is developed which combines the stochastic Itô calculus with fractional calculus via norm estimates of associated integral operators in Wα 2 for 0 < α < 1. Linear equations are considered as a special case. This approach leads to fast computer algorithms basing on Picard's iteration method. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nitroxide‐Mediated Controlled/Living Free Radical Copolymerization of Styrene and Divinylbenzene in Aqueous Miniemulsion
Authors: Zetterlund Per B. , Alam Md. Nur , Minami Hideto , Okubo Masayoshi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: The nitroxide‐mediated controlled/living free radical copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene using a polystyrene‐TEMPO macroinitiator in aqueous miniemulsion and in bulk have been investigated. The crosslink densities were estimated based on the content of pendant vinyl groups as determined by 1H NMR. Considerably lower crosslink densities were revealed in the miniemulsion than in the corresponding bulk system. The rate of polymerization in the miniemulsion increased with decreasing particle size, and was significantly higher than in bulk.Crosslink density for the TEMPO‐mediated free radical copolymerization of S(1) and DVB(2) (f = 0.99, f = 0.01) at 125 °C in bulk (□) and in miniemulsions with dn = 585 nm (○) and 53.3 nm (•).magnified imageCrosslink density for the TEMPO‐mediated free radical copolymerization of S(1) and DVB(2) (f = 0.99, f = 0.01) at 125 °C in bulk (□) and in miniemulsions with dn = 585 nm (○) and 53.3 nm (•).
Bioaffinitive and Nanosized Polymeric Micelles Based on a Reactive Block Copolymer
Authors: Hu Yong‐Chen , Pan Cai‐Yuan 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: Bio‐affinitive, nanosized polymeric micelles with glucosamine in their corona have a specific interaction with Concanavalin A. They are prepared by a substitution reaction of p‐nitrophenol groups in the poly(p‐nitrophenyl acrylate) (PNPA) corona of stable micelles with glucosamine. The nanosized, stable, and reactive micelles are formed by self‐assembly of the diblock copolymer, poly(p‐nitrophenyl acrylate)‐block‐polystyrene (PNPA‐b‐PSt) in nitromethane, followed by a shell cross‐linking reaction. This method may be useful in the preparation of targeted drugs.A schematic of the formation of stable glucosamine‐carrying micelles from the diblock copolymer, PNPA‐b‐PSt.magnified imageA schematic of the formation of stable glucosamine‐carrying micelles from the diblock copolymer, PNPA‐b‐PSt.
Highly Thermal Stable Main‐Chain Nonlinear Optical Polyimide Based on Two‐Dimensional Carbazole Chromophores
Authors: Tsai Hsieh‐Chih , Kuo Wen‐Jang , Hsiue Ging‐Ho 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: A new NLO‐active lambda‐shaped main‐chain polyimide that comprises a two‐dimensional carbazole chromophore was synthesized. This polyimide exhibits high thermal and temporal stability. It can endure temperatures of up to 240 °C for a transient time and maintain a large SH signal at 100 °C for a long time because embedding the two‐dimensional chromophores into the polymer backbone effectively suppresses the randomization of the oriented dipole at high temperatures.
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Defined Picogram Dose Inclusion and Release of Macromolecules using Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules
Authors: Déjugnat Christophe , Haložan David , Sukhorukov Gleb B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: Reversible pH‐induced swelling of (PAH/PSS) polyelectrolyte microcapsules is accompanied by increased porosity, making them permeable to poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) at pH values higher than 11.2. This pH‐switchable permeability was used to encapsulate the polyanion in alkaline conditions. Relationship between starting PAA concentration in solution and amount finally being encapsulated has been established and can be used further as calibration curve. A desired amount of encapsulated polymer in the picogram range per capsule can be achieved. The loaded capsules were then used as microreactors by forming a complex between the PAA and Ca2+ ions.General scheme for pH‐induced encapsulation of (PAA) in alkali condition by switching their permeability.magnified imageGeneral scheme for pH‐induced encapsulation of (PAA) in alkali condition by switching their permeability.
Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy as a Tool to Study Polyplex‐Glycoaminoglycan Interactions
Authors: Dubruel Peter , Urtti Arto , Schacht Etienne 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: This article reports the application of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to monitor the interaction between polymer‐DNA complexes and glycoaminoglycans (GAG). The GAG selected was hyaluronic acid (HA). First a HA derivative containing a disulfide linkage was synthesized, enabling chemisorption onto a gold surface. Next, the interaction between different complexes (prepared using PEI or PDMAEMA) and HA was studied using SPR. This study clearly indicates that GAG‐polyplex interactions depend on the type of polymer selected and on the charge ratio of the polyplexes prepared.The derivative developed opens up new perspectives in the field of nonviral gene delivery.magnified imageThe derivative developed opens up new perspectives in the field of nonviral gene delivery.
Nanostructured Thermosetting Systems from Epoxidized Styrene Butadiene Block Copolymers
Authors: Serrano Elena , Martin M. Dolores , Tercjak Agnieszka , Pomposo Jose A. , Mecerreyes David , Mondragon Iñaki 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: Nanostructured thermosetting materials were prepared by modification of an epoxy resin with 30 wt.‐% epoxidized polystyrene‐block‐polybutadiene copolymer (PS‐b‐PepB). The copolymer self‐assembles into a well‐defined hexagonal nanoordered structure, of around 30‐nm diameter, thus establishing its use as structure‐directing agent to generate nanostructured thermosetting materials. The study confirms pathways towards tailoring interactions between thermosetting matrices and immiscible block copolymers by using the concept of functionalization to build nanostructured polymer matrices.Structure of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A/4,4′‐methylenebis(3‐chloro 2,6‐diethylaniline) cured blend containing 30 wt.‐% PS‐b‐PepB61 block copolymer.magnified imageStructure of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A/4,4′‐methylenebis(3‐chloro 2,6‐diethylaniline) cured blend containing 30 wt.‐% PS‐b‐PepB61 block copolymer.
A New Model and Measurement Technique for Dynamic Shrinkage during Photopolymerization of Multi‐Acrylates
Authors: Neo Wee Koon , Chan‐Park Mary B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: A novel experimental set‐up has been devised to measure simultaneously, in real time, the conversion and shrinkage of multi‐acrylates during photopolymerization. The data show that the current practice of assigning the excess volume entirely as excess free volume is inappropriate as this leads to an increasing fractional free volume with conversion. We propose to partition the excess volume into free and occupied volume components. The new model produces satisfactory results.Experimental set‐up for the simultaneous collection of shrinkage and conversion data.magnified imageExperimental set‐up for the simultaneous collection of shrinkage and conversion data.
New π‐Conjugated Polymers Containing 1,3,5‐Triazine Units in the Main Chain: Synthesis and Optical and Electrochemical Properties of the Polymers
Authors: Ren Shijie , Fang Qiang , Lei Yi , Fu Haitao , Chen Xiaoyao , Du Junping , Cao Amin 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: Three new soluble π‐conjugated polymers containing 1,3,5‐triazine units in the main chain, Pa–Pc, were synthesized. The polymers showed optical properties in solution that were mainly dependant on the properties of the substituting R groups, on the triazine ring. Hence, Pa and Pb (R = H and OCH3, respectively) showed blue photoluminescent (PL) emission with high quantum yields (QY) even in polar solvents, whereas Pc (R = N,N‐dimethylamino) gave green‐blue PL emission with very low QY. The PL spectra of the polymers in solution were concentration and polarity dependent, which suggested the formation of an exciplex.The three new soluble π‐conjugated polymers containing 1,3,5‐triazine units in the main chain synthesized here.magnified imageThe three new soluble π‐conjugated polymers containing 1,3,5‐triazine units in the main chain synthesized here.
A Catalytic Approach to Functional Poly(1,4‐ketone)s Bearing Pendant Monosaccharide Fragments
Authors: Malinova Violeta , Rieger Bernhard 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: Novel alternating polyketone‐based polymers bearing pendant saccharide units that are accessible by polymerization catalysis are presented. The materials were synthesized by polymerization of carbon monoxide and α‐olefins containing protected glucose or N‐acetyl glucosamine residues. The dicationic PdII bis(phoshine) complex [Pd(dppp)(NCCH3)2](BF4)2 was used as a catalyst precursor. An O‐deacetylation of the copolymers afforded materials with amphiphilic character.Structure of the poly(1,4‐ketone) copolymers synthesized here.magnified imageStructure of the poly(1,4‐ketone) copolymers synthesized here.
A Versatile and Efficient Hydrosilylation Route to Functionalized Polyferrocenylsilanes
Authors: Hilf Stefan , Cyr Paul W. , Rider David A. , Manners Ian , Ishida Tamao , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: The synthesis of a series of polyferrocenylsilanes (PFSs) containing CC functionalities in the side‐group structure and their subsequent derivatization by hydrosilylation chemistry are described. Hydrosilylation is shown to be an effective postpolymerization functionalization method, particularly in the case of poly(ferrocenylmethylvinylsilane), which can be prepared by photolytic anionic ring‐opening polymerization of the corresponding ferrocenophane monomer.
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Changes in quadriceps twitch tension in response to resistance training in healthy sedentary subjects
Authors: Vivodtzev Isabelle , Wuyam Bernard , Flore Patrice , Lévy Patrick 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMagnetic stimulation of the femoral nerve has been shown to evoke maximal quadriceps twitch contraction (TwQmax). Its measurement as a nonvolitional index of muscle strength has been proposed as a means to follow the disability of patients with neuromuscular disorders or peripheral muscle weakness. The aim of the present study was to investigate TwQmax sensitivity to interventions known to develop peripheral muscle strength. We thus measured changes in TwQmax after a short‐duration resistance training program, examining its reproducibility and comparing its changes with other indices of muscle strength, such as maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and one‐repetition maximum (1‐RM). In 23 subjects, TwQmaxwas measured on two occasions. High within‐ and between‐session intraclass coefficients of correlation were observed (r > 0.99). Within‐session and between‐session differences in TwQmaxwere low (2.2 ± 1% and 5.4 ± 2%, respectively). Eight subjects subsequently participated in a resistance training program of the knee extensors, 3 days per week for 8 weeks. TwQmax and 1‐RM increased significantly after training (10.9 ± 3.7 vs. 12.3 ± 4.4 kg, P < 0.04; and 45 ± 13 vs. 55 ± 12 kg, P < 0.001, respectively), whereas the MVC increase did not reach significance (41.9 ± 16 kg vs. 42.3 ± 15 kg, P = 0.25). Responses to magnetic stimulation of the femoral nerve are highly reproducible and sensitive enough to detect improvement in muscle contractile mechanisms after resistance training in healthy subjects. Patient cooperation is not required, which may be an advantage in clinical situations. Muscle Nerve, 2005