bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Olympus to Camelot
Authors: Leeming David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
From the stories suggested by the great cave paintings of the Paleolithic period to the thought experiments of modern scientists, From Olympus to Camelot provides a sweeping history of the development of the rich and varied European mythological tradition. David Leeming, an authority on world mythology, begins with a general introduction to mythology and mythological terms, and then turns to the stories themselves. Discussing well-known figures such as Zeus, Aphrodite, Thor, and Cuchulainn, and less familiar ones such as Perun, Mari, and the Sorcerer of Lescaux, Leeming illustrates and analyzes the enduring human endeavor to make sense of existence through deities and heroes. Following an initial exploration of the Indo-European sources of European mythology and the connections between the myths of Europe and those of India and Iran, the book proceeds to survey the major beliefs of Greek, Roman, Celtic, Germanic, Baltic, and Slavic cultures, as well as the mythologies of non-Indo-European cultures such as the Etruscans and the Finns. Among its contents are introductions to the pantheons of various mythologies, examinations of major mythological works, and retellings of the influential mythical stories. This work also examines European deities, creation myths, and heroes in the context of Christian belief, and considers the translation of traditional stories into the mythologies of modern European political, scientific, philosophical, and economic movements. European mythology is the core mythology of Western civilization. This wide-ranging volume offers a lively and informative survey, along with a provocative new way of understanding this fundamental aspect of European culture.
The Mythology of South America
Authors: Bierhorst John 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Bierhorst traces the principle myths from tribe to tribe in seven carefully mapped regions of South America. This book includes samples from mythological stories and some chapters are devoted to special topics such as myth and politics. Bierhorst introduces readers to the female creators of the northern Andes, the male gods of the Ancient Incas, and the shameless tricksters Sun and Moon. The book includes notes, a pronunciation guide, index, maps, and photos. The new afterword focuses on the durability of Indian mythology and the abundant material increasingly available since the mid 80s. Bierhorst offers new information on previously obscure tribes on the mythological map.
The Expert versus the object
Authors: Spencer Ronald D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The authenticity of visual art has always commanded the attention of experts, dealers, collectors, and the art-minded public. Is it "real" or "original" is a way of asking what am I buying? What do I own? What am I looking at? And today more sophisticated questions are being asked: How is authenticity determined and what weight does this determination have in court? This book of essays proposes to answer those questions. Three lines of inquiry are basic to determining authenticity: a connoisseur’s evaluation, historical documentation or provenance, and scientific testing. A connoisseur is an expert who evaluates the "rightness" of a work based on much careful scrutiny of many works by an artist and familiarity with that artist’s usual manner of working with materials. In determining provenance, a researcher traces the physical object from the artist through a chain of ownership to the present owner--simple enough in concept, though it assumes that the documentation is not faked or inaccurate. The goal is to ensure that the object is the same one that left the artist’s hand. Scientific testing, although sometimes useful, is often longer on promise than result. Dating paint or wood samples, for instance, can show that a painting was made in Rembrandt’s lifetime, but it cannot prove that it is by Rembrandt’s hand. If expert opinion is divided, and large sums of money are involved, a dispute over authenticity may end up in a court of law, where evaluation of expert opinion evidence can be problematic. The essays in this book clarify the nature of the methods outlined above and explain, based on case law, the present status of authentication issues in court. Contributors include experts from Christie’s, London; Sotheby’s, New York; and the former director of the Frick Collection; as well as leading art historians and art dealers; an art conservator; a forensic graphologist; a philanthropist and collector; and a specialist in French art law. Their collective knowledge on issues of authenticity will be invaluable for anyone interested in the world of visual art.
Authenticating the Attribution of Art
Authors: O’Connor Francis V 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It is unlikely that the many millions of commuters who pass beneath Grand Central Station’s famous “Sky Ceiling” every year are aware that the depiction of the ceiling’s constellations is an inauthentic work of art. Designed by the French muralist Paul Helleu (1859 – 1927) and painted in 1913, it was “restored” in 1945 by pasting grossly conspicuous asbestos panels over the original, then crudely copying the outline of the various zodiacal figures upon them. Fifty years later, New York’s Metropolitan Transit Authority, in an otherwise commendable restoration of the entire station, spent millions of dollars to clean the fake ceiling rather than a few more to reveal the aesthetically superior original underneath. Their argument? New Yorkers were used to the copy, so why restore the admittedly better original at greater expense? This is a typically American response to the matter of authenticity.While we would condemn a politician caught in a verbal lie, however artful, visual lies in art are somehow forgivable as a matter of public policy.
The Catalogue Raisonné
Authors: Findlay Michael 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A catalogue raisonné is a systematic listing of all known works by an individual artist, usually presented in chronological order and accompanied by details such as date, medium, dimensions, provenance, references, and sometimes exhibition history. Although catalogues raisonnés come in all shapes and sizes and vary in the amount of data provided, most include a descriptive analysis of the work, with a discussion of relevant issues, such as attribution or condition. Some also contain essays on the artist’s life and work, similar to those in monographic studies. What distinguishes catalogues raisonnés from the studies is the inclusion of a work-by-work itemization.
Epidemiology of Systemic Fungal Diseases: Overview
Authors: Hajjeh Rana A , Warnock David W 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The last 2 decades have seen unprecedented changes in the pattern of systemic fungal diseases in humans. These infections have assumed a much greater importance, largely as a result of major advances in health care that have made possible the improved support of transplant recipients, critical-care patients, and other immunosuppressed individuals for longer periods of time. In developed countries, changing demographic patterns, in particular an aging population with a higher incidence of chronic illness and debilitation, have also resulted in an increase in the size of the population at risk for fungal infections. In addition to infections acquired in hospitals and other health-care settings, another significant development has been an increase in the occurrence of several of the endemic mycoses, in particular histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis, among previously healthy persons (Ampel et al, 1998; Cano and Hajjeh, 2001). Urban development, migration of populations, and natural disasters are among the factors that have contributed to this trend. The AIDS epidemic is one of the most important factors that have contributed to the rising incidence of fungal diseases. Prior to the widespread usage of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in developed countries, up to 80% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons developed mucosal candidiasis, while others developed cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, or coccidioidomycosis during the course of their disease. In this population, these infections are frequently disseminated and often life threatening. In many developing countries, the HIV epidemic is continuing to escalate, and has led to dramatic increases in the incidence of diseases previously considered rare, such as cryptococcosis and disseminated histoplasmosis.
Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors: Echinocandins and Nikkomycins
Authors: Groll Andreas H , Walsh Thomas J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Ever since the discovery that penicillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, developing equivalent agents to target the fungal cell wall has been a focus in antifungal drug development. Because the cell wall is essential to the vitality of fungal organisms and because its components are absent in the mammalian host, the fungal cell wall represents an ideal target for antifungal compounds. With considerable variation among different species, the gross macromolecular components of the cell wall of most fungi include chitin, alpha- or beta-linked glucans and a variety of mannoproteins. The dynamics of the fungal cell wall are closely coordinated with cell growth and cell division, and its predominant function is to control the internal turgor pressure of the cell. Disruption of the cell wall structure leads to osmotic instability, and may ultimately result in the lysis of the fungal cell. Systemic antifungal agents directed against or involving the major constituents of the fungal cell wall include the new class of echinocandin lipopeptides and the nucleoside-peptide antibiotic nikkomycin Z.
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Authors: Restrepo-Moreno Angela 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis is an endemic fungal infection of pulmonary origin that disseminates to different sites, notably oral mucous membranes, adrenal glands, reticulo endothelial system and skin; other organs may also be involved. The disease tends to run a chronic course with acute cases being rare; outbreaks have not been reported. Four clinical presentations are recognized: regressive subclinical infection, progressive disease that can be either chronic (adult-type), or acute/subacute (juvenile-type), and the residual form. This mycosis has certain peculiarities such as its restricted geographic distribution to Latin America, the predominance of male patients and the long periods of latency elapsing from the time of infection to the manifestations of overt disease. The etiologic agent is a thermally dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis which at 35°C–37°C has a yeast form characterized by a mother cell surrounded by multiple blastoconidia resembling a pilot’s wheel. At lower temperatures (&lt; 28°C) the fungus grows as a mould that sporadically gives rise to conidia. The fungus microniche in nature has not yet been precisely defined. The disease can be successfully treated although fibrotic sequelae are common. A comprehensive review in l994 describes the various aspects of the mycosis and its etiologic agent (Franco et al, 1994). Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a dimorphic fungus that in host’s tissues and in cultures at 36°C–37°C grows as a yeast (Y) whereas at lower temperatures (&lt; 28°C), it develops as a mould (M). This eukaryotic micro-organism is presently known only in its asexual (anamorph) state (Lacaz et al, 2002; Lacaz et al, 1998; Queiroz-Telles F, 1994). Yeast colonies appear within a week of incubation at 36°C (range 28°C–37°C); they are soft, wrinkled and tan to cream. Microscopically, colonies reveal yeast cells of varying sizes (4–35 µ,m) and shapes but with predominance of round to oval structures. The most characteristic grouping is that a of mother cell surrounded by multiple buds of equal or different sizes resembling a pilot’s wheel; the buds may present a connecting bridge with the mother cell. Sometimes single cells, with one bud or arranged in short chains can be observed; chalice-, balloon-shaped or broken cells are not infrequent. The yeast has a thick, refractile cell wall and contains prominent intracytoplasmic lipid vacuoles (See Color Figs. 21–1 and 21–2 in separate color insert.) (Lacaz et al, 2002; Lacaz et al, 1998; Brummer et al, 1993; Queiroz-Telles, 1994).
Electroconvulsive Therapy In The High-Risk Patient
Authors: Abrams Richard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy is a low-risk procedure. Its inherent safety, combined with an increasingly precise understanding of its medical physiology and the widespread availability and application of advanced monitoring techniques, now enables its routine and successful application in a group of patients previously believed to be too old or too physically ill to undergo the stress of induced convulsions: the “high-risk” patient to whom this chapter is devoted. The most recently published mortality statistic of about 2 deaths per 100,000 treatments (Kramer, 1985; 1999) has remained constant over almost 20 years, and places ECT at the low end of the risk range reported for anesthesia induction alone (Fink, 1979)—lower, in fact, than the risk for childbirth-a development that is all the more gratifying in view of the steadily increasing average age of patients for whom ECT is prescribed.
Narrative of the Life of Henry Box Brown
Authors: Brown Henry Box , Newman Richard , Gates Henry Louis 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In 1849, Henry Brown escaped from slavery by shipping himself in a crate from Virginia to an anti-slavery office in Philadelphia. Twenty seven hours and three hundred and fifty miles later, Brown stepped out of his box to begin a new life. This is the memoir, originally published in 1851 in England, as fresh and compelling today as it was one hundred and fifty years ago. This extraordinary narrative paints an indelible portrait of life in slavery, and describes one of the most audacious, creative escapes ever completed. With a keen sense of irony, Brown examines the "peculiar institution" - from the hypocrisy of slave-owning Christian preachers, to the system of bribery that forced slaves to purchase the rights to their own belongings, to the practice of separating slave families with no warning. Indeed, it was when his own wife and children were sold away that he became determined to escape, and he enlisted the aid of a friend, who nailed him into a three-foot-by-two-foot wooden box. He travelled by railroad car, steamboat and horse cart - to the free state of Pennsylvania. His unprecedented manner of arrival made him a public sensation in the North, and a celebrity on the anti-slavery lecture circuit. With an introduction by Richard Newman and a foreword by Henry Louis Gates, Jr., The Narrative of the Life of Henry "Box" Brown conveys the unquenchable spirit of a hero who risked death rather than live a slave. A classic slave narrative, it makes unforgettable reading.
Democratic Autonomy
Authors: Richardson Henry S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
What would our decision-making procedures look like if they were actually guided by the much-discussed concept of “deliberative democracy”? What does rule by the people for the people entail? And how can a modern government’s reliance on administrative agencies be reconciled with this populist ideal? What form must democratic reasoning take in the modern administrative state? Democratic Autonomy squarely faces these challenges to the deliberative democratic ideal. It identifies processes of reasoning that avert bureaucratic domination and bring diverse people into political agreement. To bridge our differences intelligently, Richardson argues, we cannot rely on instrumentalist approaches to policy reasoning, such as cost-benefit analysis. Instead, citizens must arrive at reasonable compromises through fair, truth-oriented processes of deliberation. Using examples from programs as diverse as disability benefits and environmental regulation, he shows how the administrative policy-making necessary to carrying out most legislation can be part of our deciding what to do. Opposing both those liberal theorists who have attacked the populist ideal and those neo-republican theorists who have given up on it, Richardson builds an account of popular rule that is sensitive to the challenges to public deliberation that arise from relying on liberal constitutional guarantees, representative institutions, majority rule, and administrative rulemaking. Written in a nontechnical style and engaged with practical issues of everyday politics, this highly original and rigorous restatement of what democracy entails is essential reading for political theorists, philosophers, public choice theorists, constitutional and administrative lawyers, and policy analysts.
A Merciful End
Authors: Dowbiggin Ian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
How did today’s debate over euthanasia (taken from the Greek word for ‘good death’) become so divisive in American society? In A Merciful End Ian Dowbiggin tells, for the first time, the dramatic story of those reformers who struggled throughout the twentieth century to change the nation’s attitudes towards mercy killing and assisted suicide. Having had access to confidential records in the United States, England and Canada, and having interviewed leading figures in the American euthanasia movement, he reveals that euthanasia has been a contentious issue in America for over a century, long before Jack Kevorkian began helping patients to die. Over the course of the twentieth century, a group of public-spirited men and women tried to break down ancient Judeo-Christian prohibitions against mercy killing, overturn state laws criminalizing assisted suicide, and convince the US Supreme Court that there is a right to die in the Constitution. In their eagerness to succeed, these euthanasia advocates have often sanctioned public policies that blur the fine line between choice and duty, freedom and coercion, the rights of the individual and the needs of society. By the dawn of the twenty-first century, they had won some small victories, and the debate over whose lives were worth living still raged, but Dowbiggin argues that more and more Americans seemed to prefer better end-of-life care to sweeping changes in laws about euthanasia. America’s euthanasia movement entered the twenty-first century ready and willing to fight new wars but facing an uphill battle against sentiments such as these. Original, wide-ranging in scope, but sensitive to the personal dimensions of euthanasia, A Merciful End is an illuminating and cautionary account of the tension between motives and methods within twentieth century social reform. It provides a refreshingly new perspective on an old debate.
Faith In Nation: Exclusionary Origins Of Nationalism
Authors: Marx Anthony W . 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Common wisdom has long held that the ascent of the modern nation coincided with the flowering of Enlightenment democracy and the decline of religion, ringing in an age of tolerant, inclusive, liberal states. Not so, demonstrates Anthony W. Marx in this landmark work of revisionist political history and analysis. In a startling departure from a historical consensus that has dominated views of nationalism for the past quarter century, Marx argues that European nationalism emerged two centuries earlier, in the early modern era, as a form of mass political engagement based on religious conflict, intolerance, and exclusion. Challenging the self-congratulatory geneaology of civic Western nationalism, Marx shows how state-builders attempted to create a sense of national solidarity to support their burgeoning authority. Key to this process was the transfer of power from local to central rulers; the most suitable vehicle for effecting this transfer was religion and fanatical passions. Religious intolerance—specifically the exclusion of religious minorities from the nascent state—provided the glue that bonded the remaining populations together. Out of this often violent religious intolerance grew popular nationalist sentiment. Only after a core and exclusive nationality was formed in England and France, and less successfully in Spain, did these countries move into the "enlightened" 19th century, all the while continuing to export intolerance and exclusion to overseas colonies. Providing an explicitly political theory of early nation-building, rather than an account emphasizing economic imperatives or literary imaginings, Marx reveals that liberal, secular Western political traditions were founded on the basis of illiberal, intolerant origins. His provocative account also suggests that present-day exclusive and violent nation-building, or efforts to form solidarity through cultural or religious antagonisms, are not fundamentally different from the West’s own earlier experiences.
Charles Dickens In Cyberspace
Authors: Clayton Jay 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Charles Dickens in Cyberspace opens a window on a startling set of literary and scientific links between contemporary American culture and the nineteenth-century heritage it often repudiates. Surveying a wide range of novelists, scientists, filmmakers, and theorists from the past two centuries, Jay Clayton traces the concealed circuits that connect the telegraph with the Internet, Charles Babbage's Difference Engine with the digital computer, Frankenstein's monster with cyborgs and clones, and Dickens' life and fiction with all manner of contemporary popular culture--from comic books and advertising to recent novels and films. In the process, Clayton argues for two important principles: that postmodernism has a hidden or repressed connection with the nineteenth-century and that revealing those connections can aid in the development of a historical cultural studies. In Charles Dickens in Cyberspace nineteenth-century figures--Jane Austen, Charles Darwin, Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy, Henry James, Ada Lovelace, Joseph Paxton, Mary Shelley, and Mary Somerville--meet a lively group of counterparts from today: Andrea Barrett, Greg Bear, Peter Carey, Hélène Cixous, Alfonso Cuarón, William Gibson, Donna Haraway, David Lean, Richard Powers, Salman Rushdie, Ridley Scott, Susan Sontag, Neal Stephenson, Bruce Sterling, and Tom Stoppard. The juxtaposition of such a diverse cast of characters leads to a new way of understanding the "undisciplined culture" the two eras share, an understanding that can suggest ways to heal the gap that has long separated literature from science. Combining storytelling and scholarship, this engaging study demonstrates in its own practice the value of a self-reflective stance toward cultural history. Its personal voice, narrative strategies, multiple points of view, recursive loops, and irony emphasize the improvisational nature of the methods it employs. Yet its argument is serious and urgent: that the afterlife of the nineteenth century continues to shape the present in diverse and sometimes conflicting ways.
Mobile Armies
Authors: LeDonne John P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
One of the first principles of Russia’s grand strategy was the determination to maintain highly mobile armies in order to carry out deep strategic penetrations across the frontier and into the enemy core areas. Here, the Russians were well ahead of their times: they pursued a Napoleonic strategy long before Napoleon was born. His strategy would be “to beat the enemy—to shatter him—to gain the capital—to drive the government into the last corner of the empire—and then, while the confusion was fresh, to dictate the peace.” The Northern War was an excellent example of such a strategy. It began in 1700 as a joint offensive operation, in alliance with Poland and Denmark, designed to take advantage of the youth of Charles XII in order to break Swedish hegemony in the Baltic.