bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Developing A Contemporary Theistic Ethics
Authors: Donagan Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In ‘‘Platonism and Naturalism: Options for a Theocentric Ethics,’’Robert M. Adams explores how to develop a contemporary theistic ethics that would be Platonic and Augustinian rather than Aristotelian and Kantian. Adams is as balanced and fair as he is timely and provocative. From the moral point of view, my comments on his essay will be Kantian; from the epistemological point of view, they will be neither Kantian nor Platonist-the best description of them I can give is ‘‘realist and holist,’’ but those words do not mean the same things to everyone.
The Second Edition Of Alasdair Maclntyr’s After Virtue
Authors: Donagan Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the second edition of his After Virtue, Alasdair MacIntyre has added a postscript m which, in ‘‘three distinct areas’’ in which he judged it ‘‘most urgent,’’ he offered a more adequate restatement of positions either central to or presupposed by the overall scheme of [its] argument’’ (p. 264).The areas he chose are: the relationship of philosophy to history; the virtues and the issue of relativism; and the relationship of moral philosophy to theology. I cannot do better than to approach his book through his postscript to it. In doing so it will become plain why I believe that, for students who have some elementary knowledge of the classics of their subject and of analytical technique, After Virtue is the best introduction we have to the serious issues in contemporary moral philosophy.
Reasons and Covering Laws in Historical Explanation
Authors: Hempel Carl G , Fetzer James H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As a background for the following discussion of historical explanation, which is prompted mainly by Professor Dray’s substantial and stimulating essay,1 I propose to present first a brief sketch of, and some amplificatory comments on, the covering-law analysis of explanation. The suggestive term “covering-law model of explanation” was introduced by Professor Dray in his monograph, Laws and Explanation in History, in which, after a very fair-minded presentation of this conception of explanation, he develops a number of intresting arguments against its general adequacy, particularly in the field of historical inquiry.
Hempel’s Theory of Statistical Explanation
Authors: Niiniluoto Ilkka 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Carl G. Hempel’s seminal papers “The Function of General Laws in History” (1942) and “Studies in the Logic of Explanation” (1948, with Paul Oppenheim) opened a new research area in the philosophy of science. The logical empiricists in Berlin and Vienna had initiated in the 1920s the application of exact conceptual tools from logic to the analysis of the language of science and the structure of scientific theories, and this program was continued after the war in the English-speaking analytic philosophy of science. One of the main items in the new philosophical agenda resulted from Hempel’s proposal to make precise, or to “explicate” in Rudolf Carnap’s sense, the notion of scientific explanation. Hempel’s most extensive account of his own view, with replies to critics, was given in the essay “Aspects of Scientific Explanation” (1965).
The Symmetry Thesis
Authors: Achinstein Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Freud explained slips of the tongue as the outcome of a compromise between an unconscious wish for something and a conscious wish that precludes it. He tells the story of the president of the German parliament who opened the meeting by saying “The meeting is now closed.” This slip of the tongue, Freud explained, was the result of a conscious wish to open the meeting and an unconscious wish to avoid the meeting altogether. By using the expression “The meeting is now …” the president expressed some element of the conscious wish to open the meeting. But by replacing the word “open” with the word “closed,” the slip contains a crucial element of the unconscious wish.
Information Technology and the Productivity Paradox
Authors: Lucas Henry C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From networks to databases, email to voicemail, the amount of capital being invested in information technology each year is staggering. By 1996, U.S. firms were spending more than $500 billion annually on software, networks and staff. The recently merged Bank of America and NationsBank have an initial IT budget of 4 billion dollars. As firms like this push rapidly into the business world of the 21st century, the question has remained: how do firms measure returns from these substantial investments in information technology? Henry C. Lucas effectively answers this question by providing a creative and reliable framework for measuring the competitive advantages and profits gained through investments in state-of-the-art information systems. There is value in information technology, and it is possible to show returns, Lucas argues—unfortunately this value just doesn’t always show up clearly on the bottom line of a ledger. In five expertly presented sections, he spells out exactly what businesses can expect from their information technology investments—some investments create a measurable value, some do not, but all are important nonetheless. Through a precise mix of frameworks and models, such as an Investment Opportunities Matrix, and punctuated with real examples from successful firms, this is the first book to allow executives to see exactly how their information technology investment can be expected to return value, thereby maximizing their advantages in an age of global competitiveness. Indeed, firms who manage their information systems most efficiently are best suited to succeed in a rapidly evolving marketplace. With so much at stake, Information Technology is certain to be the essential guide for firms determined to compete and flourish in the highly competitive economy of the next century.
Introduction
Authors: Wall Cheryl A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A publisher’s adverdisment in the New York Times Book Review inviting readers to “spend the summer with a classic” offers these titles: The Unbearable Lightness of Being by Milan Kundera, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn by Betty Smith, Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, The Crying of Lot 49 by Thomas Pynchon, One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel García Márquez, and Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston.1
Choice and Control in Feminist Bioethics
Authors: Dodds Susan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Within bioethics, respect for—and protection of—personal autonomy has been linked historically to the requirement that prior to invasive treatment, physicians obtain the informed consent of their patients. In placing a duty on physicians to inform patients adequately about their condition and the proposed treatment and to seek their patients’ consent, the paternalism previously associated with medicine was thought to have been overturned in favor of respect for patients’ autonomy. Over the past three decades, the effect has been to change the image of the doctor-patient relationship from the presumed beneficent paternalism of the doctor, acting on the best (medical) interests of the compliant patient, to a contract between patient-consumer and doctor-service provider. In this approach the physician has the role of expert adviser, providing information to the consumer, who then makes her or his health-care decisions free from paternalistic medical interference.
Relational Autonomy and Freedom of Expression
Authors: Brison Susan J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A currently prevalent defense of the right to freedom of expression maintains that it rests on the right to autonomy. On this account, governmental restrictions on an individual’s speech and on a person’s access to another’s speech violate the person’s right to autonomy. In recent years, the autonomy defense of free speech has frequently been invoked in arguments against restrictions on hate speech, although it is rarely made clear in these arguments what is meant by “autonomy.” In an earlier article, “The Autonomy Defense of Free Speech,” I examined six accounts of autonomy in the philosophical literature and argued that none yields a satisfactory argument against restrictions on hate speech and that five fail as accounts of autonomy. I suggested that the sixth-a relational account of autonomy—succeeds as an account of autonomy but does not yield the conclusion that an autonomy-based defense of free speech precludes restrictions on hate speech.
1970–1971
Authors: Hischak Thomas S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The 1970–1971 season might be described as one of compromise. Theatre owners, producers, and actors, threatened by the falling number of productions and ever-decreasing audiences, made compromises with their audiences and with each other in order to stay alive. A new and earlier curtain time was established to attract commuters to stay in town and attend plays; unions agreed to a “Limited Broadway” plan that would help reduce expenses if seating in certain houses were reduced; actors off Broadway went on strike over wages and a month later compromised with the League of Off-Broadway Theatres and Producers; and the mayor established Broadway as a “special district” with increased police protection and a zoning agreement that allowed skyscrapers to be built in the neighborhood if they included a new theatre in the structure. Everyone seemed to be bending over backward. But few of these plans were very successful in the long run, and it would be many a season before the theatre environment in New York would improve.
1996–1997
Authors: Hischak Thomas S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With high spirits Broadway celebrated the highest attendance in sixteen years. Income rose nearly 15 percent and at one point in April all but one of the district’s thirty-five playhouses was occupied. But musicals accounted for most of these figures, and the Street actually declined in numbers of new plays (only five American and two British) and revivals (eleven). Off Broadway, the total of new works stayed about the same (if you counted the fourteen solo shows) and revivals rose slightly, offering fifteen productions.
1999–2000
Authors: Hischak Thomas S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The oh-so-modest renaissance continued with Broadway seeing nineteen plays open this season, ten of them new. Even more encouraging, fourteen of the works were American. As expected, box-office receipts climbed even though attendance slid 2 percent, proving again that prices rose faster than inflation. While the average ticket price for all shows was figured at $53.02, many non-musicals on the Street were asking over $60.00 top. In fact, the price gap between musicals and plays was getting smaller, which only hurt non-musicals.
A Cinema of Loneliness
Authors: Kolker Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the twentieth anniversary edition, Kolker continues and expands his inquiry into the phenomenon of cinematic representation of culture by updating and revising the chapters on Stanley Kubrick, Martin Scorsese, Robert Altman, and Steven Spielberg to include their most important works since 1988 and re-examine their earlier films. Kolker writes a shorter profile of Arthur Penn’s career followed by a new comparative study of Oliver Stone, who mirrors Penn’s earlier works such as “Bonnie and Clyde” by examining the political-social milieu of the ’80s and ’90s and drawing his films out of historical and ideological currents. Kolker analyses ’90s films which have made important advances in the directors’ careers and cause for rethinking the films that precede them. This edition includes a new preface, updated filmography and 48 images from various films discussed through the text.
Radical Surfaces
Authors: Altman Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Oliver Stone’s Nixon ends in a sentimental, nostalgic flare. The drunk, pill-popping paranoid seems almost to recognize his failings when it comes time for him to resign. He looks at Kennedy’s image and says mournfully, “When they look at you, they see what they want to be. When they look at me, they see what they are.” At the end of Robert Altman’s film Secret Honor, Richard Nixon screams a mad, defiant “Fuck ’em” at all his presumed and imagined enemies, all the voters who elected him, con demned him, and elected him again. “Fuck ’em;’ he screams—his image echoed on the television monitors in his office that multiply and recreate him. “Fuck ’em;’ he yells, fist upraised, his television image responding, throwing out more images. “Fuck ’em.”
What Is Natural?
Authors: Sapp Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the late 1960s and 1970s, massive herds of poisonous crown-of-thorns starfish suddenly began to infest coral reef communities around the world, leaving in their wake devastation comparable to a burnt-out rainforest. In What is Natural?, Jan Sapp both examines this ecological catastrophe and captures the intense debate among scientists about what caused the crisis, and how it should be handled. The crown-of-thorns story takes readers on tropical expeditions around the world, and into both marine laboratories and government committees, where scientists rigorously search for answers to the many profound questions surrounding this event. Were these fierce starfish outbreaks the kind of manmade disaster heralded by such environmentalists as Rachel Carson in Silent Spring? Indeed, discussions of the cause of the starfish plagues have involved virtually every environmental issue of our time -- over-fishing, pesticide use, atomic testing, rain forest depletion, and over-population -- but many marine biologists maintain that the epidemic is a natural feature of coral-reef life, an ecological "balance of nature" that should not to be tampered with until we know the scientific truth of the crisis. But should we search for the scientific truth before taking action? And what if an environmental emergency cannot wait for a rigorous scientific search for "the truth?" The starfish plagues are arguably one of most mysterious ecological phenomena of this century. Through the window of this singlular event, What is Natural lucidly illustrates the complexity of environmental issues while probing the most fundamental questions about the relationship between man and nature.
Concluding Comments
Authors: Fishman Joshua A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There have been other books on the topic of language and ethnic identity (indeed, other books with that title; Gudykunst and Schmidt 1988), but none that have sampled the interdisciplinary and the regional perspectives as fully and as widely as has been done in this book. However, the very breadth and diversity of perspectives provided here makes it exceedingly difficult to summarize the views encountered, let alone to do so briefly and simply. Furthermore, the field of ethnicity-related research and theory is particularly alive at this time; the out pouring of scholarly and popular writings related to it is truly torrential and shows little sign of diminishing in the foreseeable future. Clearly, it would be unwise to try to “summarize” any field that is as large, as variegated, and as rapidly evolv ing as “language and ethnic identity,” but a few comments on major points of agreement and disagreement may be in order.
Stem Cells and Hematolymphoid Development
Authors: Akashi Koichi , Weissman Irving L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) can be defined as clonogenic cells, each of which has the properties of both self-renewal and differentiation to all known blood cell types (Till and McCulloch, 1963). The search for hematopoietic stem cells began with the observation, by Till and McCulloch, that clonal donor progenitors can give rise to splenic colonies that include differentiated cells of the myeloerythroid types (Till and McCulloch, 1961; Becker et al., 1963; Wu et al., 1968).
Wnts and Hematopoiesis
Authors: Hoffman Ronald , Van Den Berg David J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Wnt proteins belong to a major family of developmentally important signaling molecules. Analysis of mutations of Wnt genes in Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Xenopus laevis, and Musmusculus first suggested a role for these proteins in the generation of cellular polarity, determination of cell fate, mitogenic activation, and embryonic induction.
Mediators Involved in the Control of Hematopoiesis by the Microenvironment
Authors: Charbord Pierre 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Study of murine and human long-term cultures of purified populations of microenvironmental cells and of murine and human stromal cell lines has disclosed that the generation or maintenance of hematopoietic primitive precursors and progenitors is regulated by different kinds of mediators, cytokines, adhesion molecules, peptides, hormones, and molecules involved in lateral specification. I shall focus this review on cytokines and adhesion molecules, which are expressed by stromal cells (mainly marrow myofibroblasts) and macrophages.
The Development of Stromal Cells
Authors: Simmons Paul J , Gronthos, Stan , Zannettino Andrew C W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The growth and development of haemopoietic cells in vivo occurs in intimate association with a heterogeneous population of mesenchymal, connective tissue-type cells and their associated biosynthetic products (including growth factors and extracellular matrix (ECM) components), which, as a collective, constitute the stroma of the bone marrow BM. The term stroma is used to signify the supporting connective tissue associated with the dominant functional tissue (or parenchyma) in an organ.
Sight-Singing Assessment Procedures
Authors: Demorest Steven M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In an article titled, “Tricks, Masks, and Camouflage: Is Imitation Passing for Music Reading?” Peggy Bennett discusses the problem of choir members with weaker musical skills getting in the habit of following or imitating leaders in their section. Choir directors know that it only takes a few good readers spread among the sections to improve the entire choir’s ability to sight-read and learn new music. While this is a benefit to group progress, it hides many problems with individual skill development. Research on individual sight-singing performance in choirs with good group sight-singing ability confirms Bennett’s suspicions, revealing a wide range of individual reading skills (Demorest & May, 1995; Henry & Demorest, 1994).
Materials
Authors: Demorest Steven M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most common problems for beginning teachers interested in teaching sight-singing is locating materials that fit the skill levels and needs of their various choirs. This chapter reports survey results regarding the kinds of sight-singing materials choir teachers are using currently and what they feel are the most important features to look for in choosing materials. Chapter 8 then provides an annotated listing of currently available sight-singing materials. The goal of these chapters is not to provide a single recommended list of materials, because each teaching situation has different priorities and different needs; one teacher may want a set of graded materials, a second prefers a method-specific approach, while a third wants a good collection of existing melodies to sing. The goal is to provide information that will allow teachers to make informed choices about the materials they use in instruction.
Retrospective
Authors: Lockhart Ted 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I hope that at this point it is clear to the reader how the main themes of this book relate to one another. I began in chapter 1 by posing the problem of decision-making under moral uncertainty and claiming that the problem is a prevalent, if not ubiquitous, one for moral agents. I then argued in chapter 2 that insofar as moral considerations preempt nonmoral considerations in our action choices, we should (rationally) follow PR2 and choose actions that have maximum probability of being morally right. In situations in which individuals lack the information needed to apply PR2 directly, the proper strategy is to maximize the probability that one’s actions conform to PR2. This latter injunction is PR3.
The Sacred Depths of Nature
Authors: Goodenough Ursula 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For many of us, the great scientific discoveries of the modern age – the Big Bang, evolution, quantum physics, relativity – point to an existence that is bleak, devoid of meaning, pointless. But in The Sacred Depths of Nature, eminent biologist Ursula Goodenough shows us that the scientific world view need not be a source of despair. Indeed, it can be a wellspring of solace and hope. This eloquent volume reconciles the modern scientific understanding of reality with our timeless spiritual yearnings for reverence and continuity. Looking at topics such as evolution, emotions, sexuality, and death, Goodenough writes with rich, uncluttered detail about the workings of nature in general and of living creatures in particular. Her luminous clarity makes it possible for even non scientists to appreciate that the origins of life and the universe are no less meaningful because of our increasingly scientific understanding of them. At the end of each chapter, Goodenough’s spiritual reflections respond to the complexity of nature with vibrant emotional intensity and a sense of reverent wonder. A beautifully written celebration of molecular biology with meditations on the spiritual and religious meaning that can be found at the heart of science, this volume makes an important contribution to the ongoing dialogue between science and religion. This book will engage anyone who was ever mesmerized—or terrified—by the mysteries of existence.
A Preliminary Assessment of the Philosophical Argument
Authors: Cook John W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Westermarck’s view of moral disagreements implies that we are all equals in our capacity to think about moral matters: Two people can hold conflicting moral principles, but since there is no legitimate sense in which one of them can be said to have “a superior moral consciousness,” neither of them can be said to be on the right side of the issue. We might, therefore, call this his “argument for universal moral equality.”
The Self in the Transcendental Tradition
Authors: Carr David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter I want to draw together the views of Kant and Husserl that have been exposed in the previous two chapters. I shall argue that these two philosophers have very similar things to say about subjectivity and that their views together establish and constitute something that can be understood as a “transcendental tradition.” The unity and coherence of this tradition and its place in modern philosophy have not, I have claimed, been sufficiently understood. In particular, as I said at the outset, they have been misunderstood by Heidegger in his sweeping, influential reading of the history of modern philosophy. Thus it will be important, as we try to articulate the nature of the transcendental tradition, to contrast it with the interpretations of Heidegger that have been, to many, so convincing. Once the unity and general contours of this tradition have become visible, I shall attempt to show that other, post-Husserlian thinkers belong to this tradition as well, even if they do not explicitly acknowledge it.