bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reference values of abdominal aorta wall thickness and Doppler indices in a Nigerian population
Authors: Okpaleke Michael Sunday , Ugwuanyi Daniel Chimuanya , Ogolodom Michael Promise , Anyanwu Chinedu E. , Ikegwuonu Nwamaka Chizube , Eja-Egwu Nathaniel , Christain Anayo Okwo 
Published: December 2023

Introduction : There is a paucity of data on the association between Doppler indices, the wall thickness of the abdominal aorta and the development of atherosclerosis in Nigeria. This study aimed to establish reference data of the abdominal aorta wall thickness and their selected Doppler indices in Abuja, Nigeria.
Methodology : This cross-sectional prospective study enlisted volunteer healthy subjects who consented and met the inclusion criteria by convenience sampling. The abdominal Aorta wall thickness (AAWT), as well as selected Doppler indices which are: the resistivity and pulsatility indices (RI & PI) of the abdominal aorta (AA) of four hundred and twelve male and female volunteer healthy subjects, were measured sonographically using standard protocols. Data was analyzed using SPSS v 23 and inferential analysis was done with a level of significance set at 5 %.
Results : The mean ± SD of the AAWT in the volunteer healthy subjects were 1.54 ± 0.33mm and 1.29 ± 0.32mm in male and female healthy volunteers respectively. The mean ± SD of the RI and PI for male volunteer healthy subjects were 0.81 ± 0.06, and 1.09 ± 0.20. Also, the mean + SD of the RI and PI for female healthy volunteers was 0.59 ± 0.06, and 1.10 ± 0.21 respectively.
Conclusion : The reference AAWT, RI and PI in the locality were 1.51 ± 0.33mm, 0.6 ± 0.06 and 1.02 ± 0.19. The RI, PI and AAWT values were higher in males (p >0.005) than in female volunteer healthy subjects.
Effect of processing methods on the nutritional quality of Solanum aethiopicum and Colocasia esculenta leafy vegetables commonly consumed in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Maduforo Aloysius , Ngene Blessing , Chikwendu Justina , Okorie Josephine , Ugo Chinemerem , Aloysius-Maduforo Miracle 
Published: December 2023

Background: Green leafy vegetables provide many health and nutritional benefits to mankind. Processing to prolong the shelf-life of vegetables goes through several stages, though it might affect the nutrient composition.
Objective: This study evaluated the effect of the processing method on the nutrient, anti-nutrient, and phytochemical composition of commonly consumed green leafy vegetables in Ebonyi state, Nigeria.
Methodology: The study adopted an experimental design. Three hundred grams (300 g) of each of the leafy vegetables (Solanum aethiopicum and Colocasia esculenta) were cleaned, washed, and divided into three equal portions (100 g, each). One portion each was retained raw (served as a control); the others were processed by steaming and shade-drying methods and were later analyzed in the laboratory for nutritional, anti-nutrient, and phytochemical content using standard methods. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the data obtained. P < 0.05 was considered significant.
Result: The steamed samples had higher moisture content than a shade-dried sample. Similarly, steamed Colocasia esculenta had the highest vitamin C among the processed leaf samples. Also, steamed Solanum aethiopicum had the highest value of vitamin E when compared to other processed samples. Shade-dried samples of Solanum aethiopicum had higher values of mineral content than its steamed counterpart while steamed Colocasia esculenta had higher potassium/magnesium content and lesser sodium/phosphorus than shade-dried Colocasia esculenta leaf. Steamed leaf samples had higher carotenoids and flavonoids with lesser alkaloid levels than shade-dried samples. Steamed Colocasia esculenta leaf had higher saponin and oxalate content than shade-dried Colocasia esculenta leaf, while shade-dried Solanum aethiopicum leaf had higher oxalate, phytate, and saponin level than the steamed Solanum aethiopicum.
Conclusion: The study showed that leafy vegetables contain appreciable levels of nutrients and the different processing methods either increased or reduced the nutrient present in the leaves.
Zidovudine reduces ketamine-induced psychotic symptoms in mice
Authors: Ahmadu P.U. , Ejiofor J.I. , Chindo B.A. , Husseini I.M. , Fidelis S.A. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Infection with human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) is associated with several neurological disorders including psychotic symptoms. Treatment or therapeutic management of these symptoms with conventional anti-psychotic drugs (APDs) is associated with drug-drug interaction and side effects that may cause treatment failure. Zidovudine (AZT) an anti-retroviral (ARV) drug, is a nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with highest CNS penetrating ability, but few or nothing is known about its CNS effects.
Objective of study: To evaluate the effect of AZT on ketamine-induced depression, hyperkinesia, and cognitive function in mice.
Method: Acute toxicity was conducted for oral and intraperitoneal administration using Lorke’s (1983) method. Acute zidovudine alone and its concurrent (AZT + Ketamine) sub-chronic (7 days) administration was investigated using forced swim test, open field locomotor test and Y-maze test. Olanzepine (5mg/kg), Haloperidol (1 mg/kg) and Eserine (0.03 mg/kg) were used as standard controls respectively with saline as normal control. Eserine was administered intraperitoneal 30 minutes before the test, while the 5 tested zidovudine doses (12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) were administered singly orally for 60 minutes prior to the acute test while ketamine 30mg/kg intraperitoneal administered concurrently for 7 days for the sub-chronic test
Result: The LD50 for oral and intraperitoneal administration were determined to be 3807.88 mg/kg and 2154 mg/kg respectively. Concurrent AZT administration with ketamine for 7 days, significantly (p<0.001) reduced immobility time at AZT doses of 25 mg/kg and 12.5 mg/kg compared to the control. The 7-days AZT concurrent treatments with ketamine reduced locomotion at all AZT test groups, compared to normal control group. The mean percent alternation was severely reduced in acute AZT treatments, but increased in concurrent AZT-ketamine administration.
Conclusion: AZT ameliorate ketamine-induced psychotic-like symptoms in mice, but was found to cause cognitive deficits in normal controls.
PERENCANAAN AUDIT TATA KELOLA TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK COBIT 2019 (STUDI KASUS: PT. LAZ COAL MANDIRI)
Authors: Muh Wal Ikram  , Winarno Wing Wahyu , Arief Muhammad Rudyanto 
Published: December 2023

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui dan merencanakan audit tata kelola TI untuk menunjang proses bisnis perusahaan PT. Laz Coal Mandiri. Dalam mencapai tujuan, perusahaan harus menyinkronkan antara penerapan teknologi informasi dengan fokus perusahaan sehingga dibutuhkan adanya perencanaan audit tata kelola TI pada PT. Laz Coal Mandiri selaras dengan penggunaan teknologi informasi pada perusahaan. Tujuan audit tata kelola teknologi informasi adalah mengetahui ketidaksesuaian pengelolaan, mengoptimalkan kinerja dan untuk mencapai visi dan misi perusahaan. Penelitian ini didukung dengan belum adanya penilaian rancangan tata kelola teknologi informasi pada perusahaan tersebut. COBIT 2019 sebagai framework edisi terbaru dari ISACA melakukan perbaikan menggunakan faktor desain. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu deskriptif kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara kepada stakeholder. Diperoleh hasil penelitian berdasarkan pengukuran objektif APO12 memiliki tingkat kemampuan pada level 2 sedangkan APO13 memiliki tingkat kemampuan pada level 1.
PENGARUH ARSITEKTUR CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK UNTUK KLASIFIKASI PENYAKIT DAUN TOMAT
Authors: Rizky Arya Kurniawan  , Sunyoto Andi , Nasiri Asro 
Published: December 2023

Penyakit tanaman menjadi salah satu factor yang krusial dalam keberlangsungan hidup tanaman. Pada tanaman tomat juga dibutuhkan identifikasi awal untuk dapat menangani masalah penyakit. Salah satu organ tanaman tomat yang biasa diserang penyakit adalah daun. Dengan melakukan identifikasi sejak dini maka dapat mencegah terjadinya gagal panen. Tentu dengan adanya system yang terlatih dapat mengurangi biaya seorang petani dalam menangani penyakit tanpa bantuan ahli. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan uji kemampuan arsitektur CNN untuk mengklasifikasi citra penyakit daun tomat. Dataset yang digunakan berjumlah 4079 data citra yang terbagi menjadi 3 kelas penyakit. Dari hasil percobaan yang telah dilakukan arsitektur InceptionV3 mendapatkan hasil terbaik dengan tingkat akurasi sebesar 100%, ResNet50 memiliki akurasi 97,36% dan MobileNet 85,81%.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE EXTREME PROGRAMMING PADA SISTEM INFORMASI REPOSITORI SKRIPSI DI PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS PRABUMULIH
Authors: Illahi Kur Niayu , Suhartini Suhartini , Fajriyah Fajriyah 
Published: December 2023

Sistem informasi repositori adalah suatu sistem yang digunakan untuk mengatur pengarsipan koleksi skripsi mahasiswa agar menjadi lebih rapi, aman, mudah dikelola dan diakses kembali. Pada Perpustakaan Universitas Prabumulih, proses untuk mengakses skripsi masih dilakukan secara manual yaitu dengan mencari dan membaca skripsi yang tersedia di Perpustakaan Universitas Prabumulih. Hal inilah yang menjadi latar belakang bagi penelitian ini. Dalam mengumpulkan data, peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif diantaranya melakukan observasi langsung, wawancara dan studi pustaka. Sehingga diperoleh data bahwa belum tersedianya akses yang memudahkan mahasiswa untuk membaca skripsi fulltext secara online. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah berupa rancangan sistem informasi repositori skripsi berbasis web yang diharapkan dapat membantu menyelesaikan kendala yang terjadi. Dengan menggunakan sistem informasi repositori dapat membantu staf perpustakaan dan mahasiswa dalam mendapatkan dan mengelola koleksi skripsi mahasiswa dengan cermat, tepat dan dalam waktu yang lebih cepat. Dalam perancangan sistem ini menggunakan metode Extreme Programming (XP) dengan alat bantu pemodelan sistem Unified Modeling Language (UML). Sistem ini dibuat dengan menggunakan bahasa PHP dan server database MySQL.
Kata Kunci: Extreme Programming, Sistem Informasi, Repositori, Skripsi.
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PENERIMAAN BANTUAN PROGRAM KELUARGA HARAPAN (PKH) DI DESA LEKOR MENGGUNAKAN METODE SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING (SAW) BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Lalu Puji Indra Kharisma  , Sahni Kusmayanti  , Yudi Sutaryana  
Published: December 2023

Lekor village is one of the villages in janapria district, central Lombok regency, which is located in the southernmost area directly adjacent to east lombok. Currently, lekor village is being shocked by social assistance, especially the family hope program which still uses a manual system, making it difficult to find proper and targeted acceptance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a Decision Support System as an alternative solution, so as to increase efficiency and ef- fectiveness in the selection and improve quality in determining proper acceptance of assistance. The decision support system for determining accepting PKH assistance uses the SAW (simple additive weighting) method based on predetermined criteria and weights. The criteria used as indicators are the condition of the house, income, the presence of pregnant women and children, the presence of the elderly, and the presence of school children. The SAW (simple additive weighting) method was chosen because it is able to select the best alternative from a number of alternatives. This research was conducted by looking for the weights on each attribute, then ranking to determine the acceptance of the hope family program assistance.
In this study using the Waterfall methodology, which is a software development method that begins with ana- lyzing company needs, designing, building applications, to conducting trials. The results of this study are in the form of a decision support application, which can recommend for receiving assistance from the hope family program in lekor village.
1996-2018 DÖNEMİNDE GÜRCİSTAN`DA FİNANSAL GELİŞMENİN EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNE ETKİSİNİN SINIR TESTİ YAKLAŞIMIYLA ANALİZİ
Authors: MURSHUDOVA Rakhshada , ALAKBAROV Naib 
Published: December 2023

Amaç: İktisat literatüründe finansal gelişmenin ekonomik büyüme üzerine etkisine yönelik çok sayıda çalışma vardır. Söz konusu çalışmalar konuyu farklı yönleriyle analiz ederek farklı sonuçlar ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Gürcistan ekonomisine ilişkin yıllık veriler kullanılarak 1996-2018 dönemi için finansal gelişmenin ekonomik büyüme üzerine etkisini analiz etmektedir.
Yöntem: Bu çalışma Pesaran vd.’nin (2001) geliştirdiği ARDL eşbütünleşme sınır testi yaklaşımını kullanarak değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz etmiştir.
Bulgular: Tahmin edilen uzun dönem analiz sonuçları Gürcistan’da finansal alandaki gelişmenin ekonomik büyümeyi olumlu şekilde etkileyeceği sonucunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu sonuç, Gürcistan ekonomisi için finansal sektörün geliştirilmesine yönelik uygulamaların ekonomik büyüme üzerinde pozitif etki yapacağını göstermektedir.
Özgünlük: Gürcistan’da finansal gelişmelerin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaya yönelik az sayıda çalışma bulunması sebebiyle bu çalışmanın özgün olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Burden of care on family caregivers of patients of gastrointestinal cancers in a tertiary care institute
Authors: Sharma Mohit , Devgun Priyanka , Sharma Ashwin 
Published: December 2023

Background: Gastrointestinal tract cancers are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally and cause family members to become primary caregivers. Method: The observational cross- sectional study was conducted using a pretested questionnaire and BSFC short form scale on 156 primary family care givers of patients suffering from and seeking treatment for cancer of the gastrointestinal tract from June 2021 to May 2022 in a tertiary care institute. Result: Mean age of family caregiver was 48.6 (4.7) years and the majority were female 111 (71.1 %). Average duration of primary care given was 2.62(1.24) years. 94 (60.2%) family care givers provided > 8hr duration of care. 103 (66%) of the family caregivers suffered from moderate burden, 39 (25%) from heavy burden and only 14 (8.97%) family caregivers considered burden as mild. Significant association was found between >8 hours of caregiving, caregiver having a comorbid illness, treatment outcome and financial distress borne during the course of treatment and burden of caregiving. Conclusion: Burden of caregiving in the family caregivers of cases of gastrointestinal cancer has the capacity to create ripples in the primary life domains of the caregiver and needs to be looked into.
Morus alba; A Ray of Hope for Psychiatric Illnesses
Authors: Siddiq Dr. Afshan , Soofi Sidra Mohiuddin 
Published: December 2023

Purpose: Over the years, plants have been used in treatment of various health ailments. Morus alba also known as White Mulberry is a deciduous tree which belongs to family Moraceae. Mulberry is rich in antioxidants such as hydrophobic flavonoids, polyphenols, carotenoids, vitamin A, C and E.
Materials and Methods: This study analyses the central nervous system activities including memory enhancement, learning abilities, changes in behavior, cognition, anxiety and depression. These effects will be studied on experimental mice, which will be distributed in control and test groups. Aqueous fruit extract prepared by Maceration extraction will be given to test group in three different doses per oral over a time period of 30 days, whereas control will be given water for injection for same duration.
Findings: Afterwards, changes in aforementioned effects will be observed to determine the pharmacological effects of taken fruit. The obtained results suggest an antidepressant like effect of mulberry in the initial two weeks of dosing. Afterwards it shows anxiolytic effect at higher doses.
Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: All these tests can be repeated weekly while dosing the animals daily for 90 days for chronic toxicity analysis. Furthermore, we can add a brain biopsy/histopathology to evaluate the changes in chemical neurotransmitters.
Alteración de la inminidad mediada por células frente a Mycobacterium leprae y mycobacterium marinum en pacientes hansenianos
Authors: FLIESS Enrique L. , ORTIZ Maria C. , CORN Juan 
Published: December 2023

Se estudió la inmunidad mediada por células (IMC) frente a derivados proteicos purificados de Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Myco- bacterium avium y Mycobacterium marinum. Se efectuaron tests cutineos de hipersensibilidad retardada einhibicién de la migración de leucocitos in vitro en 44 pacientes hansenianos (20 virchowianos quiescentes, 13 virchowianos reaccionales y 11 tuberculoides) y en 15 testigos sanos. Se observóuna alteración de la inhibicifin de la migración de leucocitos y de la hipersensibilidad cutinea frente a M. leprae y M. marinum en los pacientes vircho- wianos, quiescentes y reaccionales. La respuesta de la IMC frente a todos los antigenos micobacterianos se encontró aumentada en los pacientes tuberculoides, y se observó una respuesta débil frente a M. leprae y M. marinum en los controles sanos. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una estrecha correlación entre la IMC frente a M. leprae y M. marinum en todos los casos, la cual podria expresar reactividad cruzada entre ambos antígenos.
Comparison of Efficacy of Single Oral Dose Fluconazole Versus Single Oral Dose Itraconazole in Patients with Pityriasis Versicolor
Authors: Aleena Nasir  , Abdul Haseeb Khan  , Ayesha Rizwan  , Najia Sajjad  , Sara Sarwar  
Published: December 2023

Objective: To compare the efficacy of single oral dose Fluconazole and Itraconazole in patients with Pityriasis Versicolor.
Methodology: This Randomized control trial study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology, Combined Military Hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan from March 2022 to August 2022. A total of 60 patients coming to OPD of derma department and diagnosed with Tinea Versicolor were randomized in 2 equal groups of 30 patients each. Patients diagnosed on odd serial number were allocated to group A and were prescribed oral Fluconazole (400 mg stat) while patients diagnosed on even serial number were allocated to group B and were prescribed oral Itraconazole (1000 mg stat). Diagnosis was made clinically and then by using mycological tests. Follow up visits were made at completion of 2nd and 4th weeks of start of treatment. Primary outcome was set as efficacy of the treatments at completion of 4 weeks that was assessed using mycological tests.
Results: In this study, age ranged was from 19 to 40 years with mean age of 30.066±7.74 years. Mean duration of disease was 4.216±1.29 months. At completion of study (4 weeks), treatment was effective in 25 patients (83.33%) in group A while in 17 patients (56.6%) in group B with a significant difference in efficacy between two groups (p=0.024).
There was a good tolerability in both groups without any serious adverse reactions reported.
Conclusion: Single oral dose of Fluconazole is more effective compared to single oral dose of Itraconazole in the treatment of Pityriasis Versicolor.
ĐÁNH GIÁ KẾT QUẢ PHẪU THUẬT PHACO Ở MẮT CÓ GIÁC MẠC MỜ ĐỤC
Authors: Trần Huyền Trang , Lê Xuân Cung 
Published: December 2023

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả phẫu thuật phaco ở mắt có giác mạc mờ đục và nhận xét một số yếu tố liên quan đến kết quả phẫu thuật. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu can thiệp lâm sàng, không có nhóm chứng trên 27 bệnh nhân (31 mắt) đục thể thủy tinh độ II đến độ IV có giác mạc mờ đục độ II và III được phẫu thuật phaco đặt thể thủy tinh nhân tạo (IOL) ở Khoa Giác mạc, Bệnh viện Mắt Trung ương từ tháng 08/2022 đến tháng 8/2023. Các tiêu chí đánh giá: thị lực ở các thời điểm trước mổ, sau mổ 1 ngày, 1 tuần, 1 tháng, 3 tháng, vị trí và mức độ mờ đục giác mạc trước mổ, mức độ phù giác mạc sau mổ, các biến chứng trong mổ, sau mổ. Kết quả: Tỷ lệ bệnh nhân nam/ nữ là 16/15, tuổi trung bình: 64,94±14,031 (từ 27 đến 86 tuổi), nhóm bệnh nhân ≥ 60 tuổi chiếm tỉ lệ cao nhất với 76,7%. 30/31 mắt (96,77%) đặt được thể thủy tinh nhân tạo cân ở hậu phòng. Thị lực logMAR trung bình tăng có ý nghĩa từ 2,0516 trước mổ lên 0,8325 sau mổ 3 tháng. Không ghi nhận biến chứng rách bao sau, thoát dịch kính, viêm màng bồ đào, mất bù nội mô hay tái phát viêm giác mạc trong thời gian theo dõi. Có 1 ca rách bờ đồng tử, 1 ca bỏng mép mổ, 1 ca sót chất nhân, 1 ca sau rò mép mổ sau mổ 1 ngày phải khâu lại. Kết luận: Phẫu thuật phaco ở mắt có giác mạc mờ đục độ II và III có tính an toàn cao và giúp tăng thị lực có ý nghĩa, đặc biệt khi chưa có điều kiện ghép giác mạc.
KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ GÃY KÍN ĐẦU DƯỚI XƯƠNG CHÀY BẰNG KẾT HỢP XƯƠNG NẸP KHOÁ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN QUÂN Y 103
Authors: Nguyễn Bá Ngọc , Phạm Ngọc Thắng , Nguyễn Sỹ Triều , Thái Ngọc Bình 
Published: December 2023

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả điều trị gãy kín đầu dưới xương chày bằng kết hợp xương nẹp khóa, nhận xét về phương pháp và một số yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến kết quả phẫu thuật. Đối tượng nghiên cứu: 37 trường hợp gãy kín đầu dưới xương chày, có thể kèm theo gãy xương mác hoặc không gãy xương mác (24 nam, 13 nữ) tuổi từ 18-74, tuổi trung bình: 47,81 ± 13,7 tuổi, được điều trị phẫu thuật kết xương nẹp vít khoá đầu dưới xương chày tại Bệnh Viện Quân Y 103 trong thời gian từ tháng 10/2018 - 5/2023. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu tiến cứu, mô tả loạt ca lâm sàng không nhóm chứng, mô tả cắt ngang kết hợp theo dõi dọc. Các bệnh nhân được phẫu thuật mở ổ gãy kết xương nẹp vít khoá đầu dưới xương chày, có thể kết xương xương mác hoặc không kết xương mác. Kết quả: Đánh giá kết quả xa theo tiêu chuẩn của Johner và Wruhs để đánh giá kết quả phục hồi chức năng của bệnh nhân, kết quả phục hồi chức năng rất tốt chiếm 76,9%, kết quả phục hồi chức năng tốt chiếm 15,4%, trung bình chiếm 7,7%, tất cả 100% liền xương. Kết luận: Phương pháp kết xương nẹp vít khoá điều trị gãy đầu dưới xương chày là một phẫu thuật phù hợp và đạt kết quả tốt.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, VI SINH VÀ ĐIỀU TRỊ VIÊM PHỔI BỆNH VIỆN TẠI BỆNH VIỆN NHI ĐỒNG 2 NĂM 2022-2023
Authors: Phạm Kim Loan , Nguyễn Hoàng Phong , Phạm Thị Minh Hồng 
Published: December 2023

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng, vi sinh và điều trị viêm phổi bệnh viện ở trẻ từ 1 tháng đến 15 tuổi tại bệnh viện Nhi Đồng 2 từ tháng 01/10/2022 đến 30/9/2023. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Mô tả loạt ca. Kết quả: Trong thời gian từ 01/10/2022 đến 30/9/2023, có 30 bệnh nhân viêm phổi bệnh viện (VPBV) được đưa vào nghiên cứu. Tuổi trung bình 6,3 ± 2,5 tháng, tỷ lệ nam:nữ là 1,2:1. Trẻ dưới 12 tháng chiếm tỷ lệ 71,3%, suy dinh dưỡng 45,1%. Triệu chứng ho tăng hoặc mới xuất hiện, thở nhanh, co kéo cơ hô hấp phụ và ran phổi gặp ở tất cả bệnh nhân. Sốt chiếm 95,7%. Thời điểm chẩn đoán VPBV trung bình 8,3 ± 3,1 (6-15) ngày sau nhập viện. Tất cả đều là VPBV muộn có suy hô hấp trong đó độ 1 (26,7%), độ 2 (36,7%), độ 3 (36,6%). Tỷ lệ cấy dịch hút khí quản qua mũi (NTA) (+) là 36,7%. Các tác nhân gây bệnh thường gặp nhất là Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (27,5%), Acinetobacter baumannii (24,1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (24,1%) và Streptococcus pneumoniae (24,1%). Đồng nhiễm với vi khuẩn không điển hình là 27,5%. Kháng sinh được sử dụng nhiều nhất là Carbapenem 80% và Vancomycin 60%. Có 73,4% trẻ được hỗ trợ hô hấp. Thời gian hỗ trợ hô hấp trung bình là 17 ± 5,1 ngày. Thời gian nằm viện trung vị là 32 (12-75) ngày. Tỷ lệ tử vong 6,7%. Kết luận: Tác nhân vi khuẩn gây VPBV thường gặp nhất là Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae và Streptococcus pneumoniae. Cần sử dụng kháng sinh ban đầu phù hợp với tình hình đề kháng kháng sinh của vi khuẩn gây VPBV để cải thiện kết quả điều trị.