bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Influence of Amorphous/Crystalline Interfaces on the Stability of IrO2 for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Electrolyte
Authors: Nga Ngo (Sarah Ngo) Thi Hong , Love Jonathan , O'Mullane Anthony P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA major challenge with water splitting technology is to develop highly active and stable electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). IrO2 – based electrocatalysts are one of the most active electrocatalysts for proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysers, due to their excellent activity for the OER in acidic conditions. However, IrO2 often suffers from dissolution during electrolysis due to phase transitions into more soluble forms. Herein, a range of electrodeposited IrO2 films annealed to different temperatures of up to 500°C are prepared to understand the influence that crystalline/amorphous interfaces have on performance during accelerated degradation tests in concentrated acidic solutions. This study showed that an IrO2 film annealed at 300 °C exhibited the highest catalytic activity with a low overpotential of 150 mV at 10 mA cm−2, the smallest Tafel slope of 51 mV dec−1, with a less progressive decay in activity over a period of 8 h of accelerated degradation testing. This contrasts with both fully amorphous or more crystalline IrO2 films that decayed much more rapidly within 1 h of testing indicating the role that amorphous/crystalline regions have on OER performance.
Geopolymer Based Electrodes as New Class of Material for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Schuster Jürgen , Ukrainczyk Neven , Koenders Eddie , Stöckl Markus 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInvited for this issue's Front Cover are the groups of Eddie Koenders and Markus Stöckl. The cover feature illustrates a chimney made of Sn‐modified geopolymer‐bricks. Functionalized geopolymers can be applied as hybrid material for construction and as an electrode for CO2 electrolysis to formate. The cover was designed by one of the authors Jürgen Schuster and the designer Verena Stöckl. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/celc.202300122.
Nitrogen Heterocycle Synthesis through Hydride Abstraction of Acyclic Carbamates and Related Species: Scope, Mechanism, Stereoselectivity, and Product Conformation Studies
Authors: Miller Jenna L. , Damodaran Krishnan , Floreancig Paul E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAcyliminium ions and related species are potent electrophiles that can be quite valuable in the synthesis of nitrogen‐containing molecules. This manuscript describes a protocol to form these intermediates through hydride abstractions of easily accessible allylic carbamates, amides, and sulfonamides that avoids the reversibility that is possible in classical condensation‐based routes. These intermediates are used in the preparation of a range of nitrogen‐containing heterocycles, and in many cases high levels of stereocontrol are observed. Specifically areas of investigation include the impact of chemical structure on oxidation efficiency, the geometry of the intermediate iminium ions, the impact of a substrate stereocenter on stereocontrol, and an examination of transition state geometry.
Site Selectivity of Peptoids as Azobenzene Scaffold for Molecular Solar Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Tassignon Benjamin , Wang Zhihang , Galanti Agostino , De Winter Julien , Samorì Paolo , Cornil Jérôme , Moth‐Poulsen Kasper , Gerbaux Pascal 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStoring solar energy is a key challenge in modern science. MOlecular Solar Thermal (MOST) systems, in particular those based on azobenzene switches, have received great interest in the last decades. The energy storage properties of azobenzene (t1/2<4 days; ΔH~270 kJ/kg) must be improved for future applications. Herein, we introduce peptoids as programmable supramolecular scaffolds to improve the energy storage properties of azobenzene‐based MOST systems. We demonstrate with 3‐unit peptoids bearing a single azobenzene chromophore that dynamics of the MOST systems can be tuned depending on the anchoring position of the photochromic unit on the macromolecular backbone. We measured a remarkable increase of the half‐life of the metastable form up to 14 days at 20 °C for a specific anchoring site, significantly higher than the isolated azobenzene moiety, thus opening new perspectives for MOST development. We also highlight that liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry does not only enable to monitor the different stereoisomers during the photoisomerization process as traditionally done, but also allows to determine the thermal back‐isomerization kinetics.
Association of red blood cell distribution width and hemoglobin‐to‐RDW ratio with contrast‐associated acute kidney injury in patients undergoing coronary angiography: A retrospective study
Authors: Zhu Lijie , Chen Zhezhe , Jiang Hangpan , Wang Peng , Hu Tianli , Gao Menghan , Hu Xiaolong , Lin Maoning , Liu Xianglan , Zhang Wenbin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundInflammation contributes to poor prognosis in cardiovascular diseases. A novel biomarker for systemic inflammation that has garnered attention is the red blood cell distribution width (RDW). This study is designed to explore potential associations between RDW and hemoglobin‐to‐RDW ratio (HRR) with contrast‐associated acute kidney injury (CA‐AKI).MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed 4054 patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG). Linear regression models were employed to assess the relationships between RDW or HRR and the elevation of serum creatinine (Scr). The associations between RDW or HRR and CA‐AKI were explored using restricted cubic spline and log‐binomial regression analyses taking into account specific cutoff values and quintiles. Exploratory analyses were also conducted to further investigate these associations.ResultsAmong enrolled patients, the average age was 66.9 years and 34.3% were female. Notably, patients who developed CA‐AKI tended to have higher RDW and lower HRR. Multivariable linear regression models demonstrated that RDW exhibited a positive association with Scr elevation (β = 2.496, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.784–3.208), while HRR displayed a negative association (β = −3.559, 95% CI = −4.243 to −2.875). Multivariable log‐binomial regression models confirmed that both high RDW (RDW ≥ 13.8%) and low HRR (HRR < 8.9) were significantly associated with a higher risk of CA‐AKI (RDW [≥13.8% vs. <13.8%]: relative risk [RR] = 1.540, 95% CI = 1.345–1.762; HRR [<8.9 vs. ≥8.9]: RR = 1.822, 95% CI = 1.584–2.096). Exploratory analysis determined that such associations still existed regardless of age, gender, estimated glomerular filtration rate, or anemia.ConclusionsElevated preoperative RDW and decreased HRR were significantly associated with CA‐AKI in patients undergoing CAG.
Sex‐related association of modifiable risk factors with hypertension: A national cross‐sectional study of NHANES 2007–2018
Authors: Niu Jingya , Xu Demin , Huang Yujie , You Jianhong , Zhang Jie , Li Jianan , Su Dan , Lin Sanru , Suo Lixia , Ma Jianying , Wu Shujing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveSex difference is commonly observed in hypertension. We aimed to assess sex differences in the associations of modifiable lifestyle and metabolic risk factors with risk of hypertension.DesignNational cross‐sectional population study.SettingData from the 2007 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Participants7087 adults aged ≥30 years without a prior history of hypertension.Primary and Secondary Outcome MeasuresOdds ratios and population attributable fraction (PAF) of hypertension associated with 10 modifiable risk factors: five lifestyle risk factors (current smoking, excess alcohol intake, poor diet, physical inactivity, and unhealthy sleep), and five metabolic risk factors (obesity, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hyperuricemia, and chronic kidney disease) in women versus men.ResultsCompared with women, men had 84% increased risk of prevalence of hypertension. The sex difference in risk for hypertension is more evident in those aged <60 years (p for interaction <.001). For those aged <60 years the combination of lifestyle risk factors accounted for a PAF of 27.2% in men and 48.8% in women, and the combination of metabolic risk factors accounted for a PAF similarly in men (37.4%) and women (38.2%). For those aged ≥60 years, the PAF of lifestyle risk factors was similar between men and women and the metabolic risk factors accounted for a greater proportion in women (33.0% vs. 14.5% in men).ConclusionsSex differences may exist in the relation and attribution of lifestyle and metabolic risk factors to hypertension, which may have implications for implementing sex‐specific strategies to prevent hypertension.
Impact of landuse systems on soil organic carbon and its projection in northwestern India
Authors: Shrama Manju , Setia Raj , Rishi Madhuri , Singh Bhupinder Pal , Pateriya Brijendra 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe evaluation of the impact of landuse on soil organic carbon (SOC) is required to understand the long‐term productivity and possible sustainability of a landuse system. The effect of landuse on SOC was studied in the Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab (India). Surface (0–15 cm) and subsurface (15–30 cm) soil samples were collected under different land uses (cropland, forest, scrubland, and plantation) using stratified random sampling. Soil samples were analyzed for soil texture, bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, Olsen P (available P), NH4OAc–extractable K (available K), and CaCl2 extractable S (available S) using standard methods. Ordinary kriging was used to study the distribution of soil properties in different land uses. Soil organic carbon under future climate was simulated using Rothamsted carbon (RothC) model with current landuse and management practices. Organic carbon in surface and subsurface soils was in the order: Forest > scrubland > plantation > cropland. The content of organic carbon, available P, K, and S decreased with increasing soil depth. The simulated SOC content in cropland soils under future climate may reduce, and in soils under forest, plantation and scrubland may increase by the year 2100. These results suggest that the landuse system is one of the major factors affecting SOC stocks. The study of organic carbon in different landuses could help the famers and policy makers to take measures for increasing SOC stocks to mitigate the climate change and also for sustainable agriculture.
Three‐dimensional architecture of the subepithelial corpuscular nerve ending in the rat epiglottis reconstructed by array tomography with scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshio , Sasaki Kuniaki , Komuro Misaki , Yokoyama Takuya , Abdali Sayed Sharif , Nakamuta Nobuaki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the rat laryngeal mucosa, subepithelial corpuscular nerve endings, called laminar nerve endings, are distributed in the epiglottis and arytenoid region and are activated by the pressure changes of the laryngeal cavity. They are also suggested to play a role in efferent regulation because of secretory vesicles in the axoplasm. In the present study, the laminar nerve endings in the rat laryngeal mucosa were analyzed by 3D reconstruction from serial ultrathin sections in addition to immunohistochemistry for synapsin 1. In the light microscopy, synapsin 1‐immunoreactive flattened or bulbous terminal parts of the laminar endings were also immunoreactive with VGLUT1, and were surrounded by S100‐ or S100B‐immunoreactive Schwann cells and vimentin‐immunoreactive fibroblasts. In the electron microscopy, 3D reconstruction views showed that laminar endings were composed of flattened terminal parts sized 2–5 μm in longitudinal length, overlapping in three to five multiple layers. The terminal parts of the endings were incompletely wrapped by flat cytoplasmic processes of the Schwann cells. In addition, the fibroblast network surrounded the complex of nerve endings and the Schwann cells. Several terminal parts entered through the basement membrane into the epithelial layer and attached to the basal epithelial cells, suggesting that interaction between epithelial cells and laminar nerve endings plays an important role in sensing the pressure changes in the laryngeal cavity. Secretory vesicles were unevenly distributed throughout the terminal part of the laminar nerve endings. The secretory vesicles were frequently observed in the peripheral limb of the terminal parts. It suggests that the laminar nerve endings in the larynx may release glutamate to maintain continuous discharge during the stretching of the laryngeal mucosa.
Transport channel engineering between MXene interlayers for Zn‐ion hybrid microsupercapacitor with enhanced energy output and cycle stability
Authors: Cao Zhiqian , Hu Guangyao , Feng Weixing , Ru Jie , Li Yujin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) transition metal carbonitrides/nitrides (MXene) materials have proven to be promising alternatives as novel capacitor‐type electrodes for aqueous Zn‐ion hybrid microsupercapacitors (ZHMSCs). However, during self‐assembly processes, serious restacking between 2D MXene nanosheets induced by strong van der Waals forces makes ion transport channels narrow within the compact MXene film electrodes, which would result in poor energy output of ZHMSCs. Herein, interlayer transport channel engineering is designed by intercalating bacterial cellulose (BC) between MXene interlayers to develop MXene/BC electrodes with fast ion transport channels in contrast to pure MXene electrodes. Benefiting from fast anion intercalation/deintercalation on MXene/BC capacitor‐type cathode and reversible Zn stripping/plating on Zn foil anode, the fabricated ZHMSCs exhibit wide working potential windows (1.36 V), high areal capacitance (404 mF cm−2), and landmark areal energy density (94 µWh cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2). The areal capacitance and energy density of the developed ZHMSCs are much higher than those of the ZHMSCs based on pure MXene capacitor‐type cathode (239 mF cm−2/57 µWh cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2). Besides, the developed ZHMSCs can perform more than 10,000 cycles, showing outstanding capacity retention. In general, our work provides a novel strategy to break through the performance bottlenecks afflicting MXene‐based ZHMSCs.
Conformal covariance of connection probabilities and fields in 2D critical percolation
Authors: Camia Federico 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFitting percolation into the conformal field theory framework requires showing that connection probabilities have a conformally invariant scaling limit. For critical site percolation on the triangular lattice, we prove that the probability that n vertices belong to the same open cluster has a well‐defined scaling limit for every . Moreover, the limiting functions transform covariantly under Möbius transformations of the plane as well as under local conformal maps, that is, they behave like correlation functions of primary operators in conformal field theory. In particular, they are invariant under translations, rotations and inversions, and for any . This implies that and , for some constants C2 and C3.We also define a site‐diluted spin model whose n‐point correlation functions Cn can be expressed in terms of percolation connection probabilities and, as a consequence, have a well‐defined scaling limit with the same properties as the functions . In particular, . We prove that the magnetization field associated with this spin model has a well‐defined scaling limit in an appropriate space of distributions. The limiting field transforms covariantly under Möbius transformations with exponent (scaling dimension) 5/48. A heuristic analysis of the four‐point function of the magnetization field suggests the presence of an additional conformal field of scaling dimension 5/4, which counts the number of percolation four‐arm events and can be identified with the so‐called “four‐leg operator” of conformal field theory.
Impact of Porous Silica Nanosphere Architectures on the Catalytic Performance of Supported Sulphonic Acid Sites for Fructose Dehydration to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Price Cameron‐Alexander H. , Torres‐Lopez Antonio , Evans Robert , Hondow Nicole S. , Isaacs Mark A. , Jamal Aina Syahida , Parlett Christopher M. A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract5‐hydroxymethylfurfural represents a key chemical in the drive towards a sustainable circular economy within the chemical industry. The final step in 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural production is the acid catalysed dehydration of fructose, for which supported organoacids are excellent potential catalyst candidates. Here we report a range of solid acid catalysis based on sulphonic acid grafted onto different porous silica nanosphere architectures, as confirmed by TEM, N2 porosimetry, XPS and ATR‐IR. All four catalysts display enhanced active site normalised activity and productivity, relative to alternative silica supported equivalent systems in the literature, with in‐pore diffusion of both substrate and product key to both performance and humin formation pathway. An increase in‐pore diffusion coefficient of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural within wormlike and stellate structures results in optimal productivity. In contrast, poor diffusion within a raspberry‐like morphology decreases rates of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural production and increases its consumption within humin formation.
Implementation of scheduling in hybrid power domain non‐orthogonal multiple access system considering adaptive modulation and coding schemes selection
Authors: Kryukov Yakov V. , Pokamestov Dmitriy A. , Rogozhnikov Eugeniy V. 
Published: October 2023

SummaryCommunication systems that simultaneously combine orthogonal (OMA) and nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) are currently under research. Such systems are called hybrid and have more flexibility in user multiplexing, which allows for increased system capacity. One of the main focus areas of research in such systems is radio resource scheduling. The existing research works on scheduling approaches are based on the Shannon's formula, which can be used to obtain the limit capacity by ideal modulation and coding schemes (MCS). However, it is more correct to consider scheduling based on the real capacity. To get it, one should consider the performance of real MCSs with finite code length; however, they are very rarely taken into account in NOMA research. The reason is that one of the basic unresolved problems in NOMA is MCS selection for users. To solve it, we have presented a table of joint pairwise MCS combinations with their adaptive selection for NOMA. In this work, we propose a radio resource scheduling approach for the OMA/NOMA system based on real MCSs that uses our own method of joint MCS selection for two NOMA users. By performing the simulation of the proposed scheduling approach, we have obtained both total and user capacity in the OMA/NOMA system, as well as the distribution of traffic among users, demonstrating the execution of the scheduling strategies.
Challenges and opportunities for conceptualizing intuitive eating in autistic people
Authors: Longhurst Phaedra , Burnette C. Blair 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough intuitive eating (IE) has become an increasingly adopted intervention target, current conceptualisations of IE have yet to pivot away from (neuro)normative physiology and phenomenology. Autistic individuals commonly report disordered eating behaviours and/or poorer well‐being but appear to benefit from adaptive interventions using an affirmative approach. This article uses autism as a case example to summarise challenges related to IE's prevailing conceptualisation, before proposing how future research and current practice can be extended to the autistic population. Scholars are encouraged to evaluate the full 10‐principal IE framework while utilising a participatory‐led approach. We argue that research using a mixed methods design is urgently needed to comprehensively explore the (re)conceptualisation of IE in autistic people. While IE shows promise for producing positive outcomes in the autistic population, we discuss the potential challenges for research and practice due to its current emphasis on accurate interoception, emotional awareness and processing, and executive functioning. This suggests the need for research and practice to integrate autistic needs and experiences into future developments with an affirmative approach. Public Significance: IE is an effective intervention for reducing disordered eating behaviours. Autistic individuals commonly present disordered eating behaviours and have unique nutritional needs which often require intervention. However, there is limited understanding of IE among the autistic population. Research‐informed definitions involving autistic perspectives will support translating the IE framework to this underrepresented population.
Loss function for ambiguous boundaries for deep neural network (DNN) for image segmentation
Authors: Hakumura Yuma , Ito Taiyo , Matsui Shiori , Akiba Yuya , Aoki Kimiya , Nakashima Yuki , Hirao Kiyoshi , Fukushima Manabu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study deals with the task of segmentation of SEM images of fine ceramics sintered bodies by using deep neural network (DNN). In particular, we focus on misclassification caused by the blurriness of grain boundaries(boundaries between particles). Therefore, we utilize the frequency distribution of brightness gradient of grain boundaries and give higher weights to pixels with lower gradient values. Experiments confirmed that the model trained with proposed loss function gave the best prediction results.
Dynamic assessment of restored ecosystem health based on pressure‐state‐response subsystem‐system model in a karst trough valley
Authors: Qiong Xiao , Yongjun Jiang , Yina Qiao , Zhantu Chen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLimited soil and water resources in a sloping karst trough valley have negatively affected the local population and ecosystem health. A deeper understanding of karst ecosystem health and its driving mechanism are important for ecosystem management and restoration. In recent decades, the karst trough valley has been exposed to multiple threats from various natural and anthropogenic factors. Assessment of which is essential to understand the state of the karst ecosystem and to develop a suitable, scientifically proven management strategy. Based on the pressure‐state‐response‐subsystem‐system (PSR‐SS) model, the restored ecosystem health of karst trough valley was assessed from 2000 to 2015 at the grid scale. The principal component analysis (PCA) method was adopted to explore the factors driving ecosystem health change. It is found that from the years of 2000 to 2015, there was an improvement in ecosystem health in karst trough valley ecosystem. Land use analysis maps indicate a slight decrease in woodland and grassland and increase in cropland and urban buildup, and the Land coverage increased from 84.87% to 87.64%. The area of karst rock desertification decreased by 75.3 km2 from 2000 to 2015. The AEH indices of 0.27 (2000), 0.45 (2005), 0.46 (2010) and 0.68 (2015), which indicate moderate warning, pre‐warning, early warning and generally healthy, respectively. The 17 selected driving factors were grouped into two broad categories by PCA, one is national policy, and the other one is natural condition and local activities. National policy was to be found the most important influence on ecosystem health. Our findings emphasize the key role of government in ecosystem health change, which would give directions to the sustainable development of karst trough valley areas.