bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief psychological intervention with traumatized young women: The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
Authors: Scheck Margaret M. , Schaeffer Judith Ann , Gillette Craig 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTo study the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with traumatized young women, 60 women between the ages of 16 and 25 were randomly assigned to two sessions of either EMDR or an active listening (AL) control. Factorial ANOVA interaction effects and simple main effects for outcome measures (Beck Depression Inventory, State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, Penn Inventory for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Impact of Event Scale, Tennessee Self‐Concept Scale) indicated significant improvement for both groups and significantly greater pre‐post change for EMDR‐treated participants. Pre‐post effect sizes for the EMDR group averaged 1.56 compared to 0.65 for the AL group. Despite treatment brevity, the posttreatment outcome variable means of EMDR‐treated participants compared favorably with nonpatient or successfully treated norm groups on all measures.
An alternative interpretation of “intensive” PTSD treatment failures
Authors: Rogers Susan 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAn evaluation of program failures in the treatment of combat‐related posttraumatic stress disorder has led some reviewers to conclude that the focus of treatment should be shifted away from combat trauma and directed toward other problems. A more detailed examination of these programs reveals that they rarely involve the systematic use of the most soundly‐validated PTSD treatment, trauma‐focused therapy.
Choices for treatment of hyperlipidaemia
Authors: Tonstad S. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSummary: A number of studies have established that lowering of serum cholesterol levels leads to striking reductions in cardiovascular events. Although children almost never experience myocardial infarction, stroke or coronary death, paediatric autopsy studies suggest that atherosclerosis starts in childhood. Moreover, the extent of atherosclerotic change in children can be correlated with the same risk factors, including serum cholesterol level, as identified in adults. As a result of these lines of evidence, the paediatric health care community has produced guidelines for treatment of children with hypercholesterolaemia, but has also debated the pros and cons of treatment. This controversy is unlikely to be resolved completely, because definitive studies would require several decades of follow‐up and would raise serious ethical concerns. The purpose of this review is to summarize current views on the optimal approach to management of hyperlipidaemia in children, given current knowledge. We suggest that the child's sex, serum cholesterol level and family history of premature cardiovascular disease may be used to stratify risk. Children at exceptional high risk may be considered for pharmacological treatment.
Recovered memory of childhood sexual trauma: A documented case from a longitudinal study
Authors: Duggal Sunita , Sroufe L. Alan 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA case of recovered memory of childhood trauma is reported with documented sexual trauma in early childhood, chronicled evidence of the absence of memory for traumatic experience over a period of time, and substantial evidence of ‘spontaneous’ recovery of memory. This account contains the first available prospective report of memory loss in a case in which there is both documented evidence of trauma and evidence of recovery of memory. The case emerged as part of a broadband, large‐scale study of children followed closely from birth to adulthood which was not focused on memory for trauma. Prospective data gathered in a neutral research context, corroborated and supplemented by retrospective information, circumvent many limitations of previous retrospective accounts of recovered memories.
Posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans with spinal cord injury: Trauma‐related risk factors
Authors: Radnitz Cynthia L. , Hsu Louis , Willard Jeffrey , Perez‐Strumolo Lysandra , Festa Joanne , Lillian Lynn B. , Walczak Stacey , Tirch Dennis D. , Schlein Ilana S. , Binks Martin , Broderick Charles P. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTrauma‐related risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were examined in a sample of 125 veterans with spinal cord injury. Category of injury was found to be the most consistent predictor of PTSD diagnosis and symptom severity with paraplegia predicting more PTSD symptoms than quadriplegia. The occurrence of a head injury at the time of the trauma was found to predict PTSD symptom severity measures, but not PTSD diagnosis. Trauma recency consistently predicted Impact of Event score (IES) and was found to be related to current PTSD severity and lifetime PTSD diagnosis in multiple but not simple regression models. Trauma severity was found to be significantly related to self‐reported PTSD symptoms and lifetime PTSD diagnosis in simple but not in multiple regression analyses. Type of trauma, alcohol or other drug (AOD) use during the trauma and loss of consciousness (LOC) during the trauma were not consistently associated with PTSD symptom severity or diagnosis.
The relationship among cognitive schemas, job‐related traumatic exposure, and posttraumatic stress disorder in journalists
Authors: Pyevich Caroline M. , Newman Elana , Daleiden Eric 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAmerican newspaper journalists (N = 906) participated in a study examining a cognitive mediational model for explaining the relationship between exposure to work‐related traumatic events and work‐related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Results indicated (a) greater exposure to work‐related traumatic events was associated with work‐related PTSD symptoms, as well as negative cognitive schemas; (b) cognitive beliefs partially accounted for PTSD symptoms, but the full cognitive mediational model was not supported. Implications include targeting interventions for journalists who experience traumatic stress and modifying theories about PTSD symptoms in journalists.
X‐linked creatine transporter defect: An overview
Authors: Salomons G. S. , Van Dooren S. J. M. , Verhoeven N. M. , Marsden D. , Schwartz C. , Cecil K. M. , DeGrauw T. J. , Jakobs C. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSummary: In 2001 we identified a new inborn error of metabolism caused by a defect in the X‐linked creatine transporter SLC6A8 gene mapped at Xq28 (SLC6A8 deficiency, McKusick 300352). An X‐linked creatine transporter defect was presumed because of (1) the absence of creatine in the brain as indicated by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS); (2) the elevated creatine levels in urine and normal guanidinoacetate levels in plasma, ruling out a creatine biosynthesis defect; (3) the absence of an improvement on creatine supplementation; and (4) the fact that the pedigree suggested an X‐linked disease. Our hypothesis was proved by the presence of a hemizygous nonsense mutation in the male index patient and by the impaired creatine uptake by cultured fibroblasts. Currently, at least 7 unrelated families (13 male patients and 13 carriers) with a SLC6A8 deficiency have been identified. Four families come fromone metropolitan area. This suggests that SLC6A8 deficiency may have a relatively high incidence. The hallmarks of the disorder are X‐linked mental retardation, expressive speech and language delay, epilepsy, developmental delay and autistic behaviour. In approximately 50% of the female carriers, learning disabilities of varying degrees have been noted.
Effects of litigation settlements on posttraumatic stress symptoms in motor vehicle accident victims
Authors: Blanchard Edward B. , Hickling Edward J. , Taylor Ann E. , Buckley Todd C. , Loos Warren R. , Walsh Janine 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn order to investigate the effects of the initiation of litigation and its settlement on victims of motor vehicle accidents (MVAs), we followed up 132 MVA victims from an initial assessment 1 to 4 months post‐MVA for 1 year. Of the 67 who had initiated litigation, 18 (27%) settled within the 12 months, while 49 still had litigation pending; 65 never initiated litigation. Those who initiated litigation had more severe injuries and higher initial levels of posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. All three groups improved in major role function and had reduced PTS symptoms over the 1 year follow‐up. Those whose suits were still pending, as well as those whose suits had been settled, showed no reduction in measures of anxiety or depression, whereas the nonlitigants did show improvement on these measures.
Relating body image to psychological and sexual functioning in child sexual abuse survivors
Authors: Wenninger Kerstin , Heiman Julia R. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractCognitive‐affective body image variables and their relation to long‐term psychological and sexual functioning were investigated in a community sample of 57 female adult child sexual abuse (CSA) survivors and 47 comparison subjects. The Body‐Self Relations Questionnaire and the Body Esteem Scale were administered to assess cognitive‐affective body image. Group comparisons indicated that, after controlling for actual weight status, survivors evaluated their health more negatively and reported less body esteem regarding their sexual attractiveness than comparison subjects. Body image variables related to health and sexual attractiveness significantly explained variance on symptom measures that reflect the diverse CSA long‐term sequelae. Results suggest the need for careful assessment of body image disturbances and the development of effective interventions targeting body image in the treatment of CSA survivors.
Group therapy for incarcerated women who experienced interpersonal violence: A pilot study
Authors: Bradley Rebekah G. , Follingstad Diane R. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study evaluated effectiveness of group therapy for incarcerated women with histories of childhood sexual and/or physical abuse. The intervention was based on a two‐stage model of trauma treatment and included Dialectical Behavior Therapy skills and writing assignments. We randomly assigned 24 participants to group treatment (13 completed) and 25 to a no‐contact comparison condition (18 completed). We evaluated treatment effects, using the Beck Depression Inventory, Inventory of Interpersonal Problems, and Trauma Symptom Inventory. The data demonstrate significant reductions in PTSD, mood, and interpersonal symptoms in the treatment group.
Trail making test performance in Vietnam combat veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Beckham Jean C. , Crawford Angela L. , Feldman Michelle E. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe present study investigated variables associated with performance on the Trail Making Test from the Halstead‐Reitan neuropsychological test battery in Vietnam combat veterans. There was a significant difference in performance between veterans with and without PTSD on both parts of the Trail Making Test. In subgroup analyses excluding participants on medications (antianxiety, antidepressant, and cardiac), comorbid diagnoses (history of alcohol or substance abuse, history of major depression and comorbid anxiety disorder) and compensation‐seeking status, the group difference on Trails B remained significant. However, subgroup analyses suggested that poorer performance on Trails A was influenced by antianxiety and cardiac medications, as well as heavy combat exposure status.
Mental health, social functioning, and feelings of hatred and revenge of Kosovar Albanians one year after the war in Kosovo
Authors: Cardozo Barbara Lopes , Kaiser Reinhard , Gotway Carol A. , Agani Ferid 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA cross‐sectional cluster sample survey was conducted in June 2000 in Kosovo to assess the prevalence of mental health problems associated with traumatic experiences, feelings of hatred and revenge, and the level of social functioning among Kosovar Albanians approximately 1 year after the end of the war. Findings of the second cross‐sectional survey were compared with those from our 1999 mental health survey in Kosovo. Included in the survey were 1399 Kosovar Albanians aged 15 years or older living in 593 randomly selected households across Kosovo. Twenty‐five percent of respondents reported PTSD symptoms, compared with 17.1% in 1999. The MOS‐20 social functioning score improved to 69.8 from 29.5 in 1999. In the 2000 survey 54% of men felt hatred toward the Serbs, compared with 88.7% in 1999.
An analysis of calls to a Vietnam veterans' telephone counselling service
Authors: Bryant Richard A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe pattern of calls to an after‐hours crisis telephone service for Vietnam veterans was surveyed over a 9‐week period. Not including prank and administrative calls, 274 calls were made to the service. Domestic conflict, substance abuse, traumatic memories, depression, and anger at government represented the major problems requiring counselling. Crisis intervention was required for 18% of calls because of suicide threats or threatened violence to others. The survey findings indicate that telephone counselling can be an appropriate means to provide support for many veterans who may avoid conventional counselling agencies.
Traumatic events and predictive factors for posttraumatic symptoms in displaced Bosnian women in a war zone
Authors: Dahl Solveig , Mutapcic Atifa , Schei Berit 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA study was conducted among 209 displaced women attending a Women's Center in a war zone in Bosnia‐Herzegovina in 1994. Information on war‐related traumatic events, sociodemographic factors and posttraumatic symptomatology was collected by means of a questionnaire. Post‐traumatic symptoms were registered by using a 10‐item Posttraumatic Symptom Scale (PTSS‐10). Women with six or more symptoms were classified as a “posttraumatic symptom case” (PTS‐case). Among women who had survived the most severe traumas (concentration camps or other kinds of detention) the proportion of PTS‐cases was highest: 71% compared to 47% of the women without this kind of traumatic background. High numbers of traumas, having children, being over 25 years of age, and the reporting of an absent husband, were characteristics associated with being a PTS‐case. In the multivariate analysis, severe trauma and reporting of an absent husband remained significantly associated with PTS‐cases. Clinical implications were discussed.
The relationship between intimate partner violence and PTSD: An application of Cox regression with time‐varying covariates
Authors: Yoshihama Mieko , Horrocks Julie 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study uses Cox regression with time‐varying covariates to examine the relationship between intimate partner violence and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a random sample of Japanese American women and immigrant women from Japan (N = 211). Because applications of survival analysis in trauma research are scarce, this paper presents the utility of this analytical approach by contrasting it with other common methods of analysis (chi‐square tests and Cox regression with covariates that do not change over time).
Changes in religious beliefs following trauma
Authors: Falsetti Sherry A. , Resick Patricia A. , Davis Joanne L. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractInformation processing theorists propose that traumatic events can lead to disruptions in the processing of information and to changes in beliefs. This study examined the relationships among trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and religious beliefs. Participants included 120 individuals from community and clinical samples who participated in the DSM‐IV Field Trial Study on PTSD. Results indicated that the PTSD group was more likely to report changes in religious beliefs following the first/only traumatic event, generally becoming less religious. PTSD status was not related to change in religious beliefs following the most recent event. Intrinsic religiosity was related to multiple victimization, but not PTSD. Results are discussed in terms of understanding the function of religiosity in participants' lives and future directions for research.
Diagnosis of inherited disorders of liver metabolism
Authors: Clayton P. T. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSummary: Diagnosis of the metabolic disorder responsible for liver disease can sometimes be straightforward but it can also present a major challenge, particularly if the liver is sufficiently damaged to produce secondary biochemical abnormalities such as galactosuria, hypoglycaemia with hypoketonaemia, or excretion of 3‐oxo‐Δ4 bile acids. It is important to consider the age of the patient, the nature of the liver disease, any extrahepatic clinical features, the imaging and the first‐line laboratory tests when prioritizing diagnostic investigations. This article gives some examples of diagnoses made in our unit for patients with liver disease presenting in utero, in the neonatal period, in infancy and the preschool years, and in the school years. The differential diagnoses that should be considered for different clinical presentations are discussed.
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG): It's all in it!
Authors: Jaeken J. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSummary: Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are due to defects in the synthesis of the glycan moiety of glycoproteins or other glycoconjugates. This review is devoted mainly to the clinical aspects of protein glycosylation defects. There are two main types of protein glycosylation: N‐glycosylation and O‐glycosylation. N‐glycosylation generally consists of an assembly pathway (in cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum) and a processing pathway (in endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi). O‐glycosylation lacks a processing pathway but is otherwise more complex. Sixteen disease‐causing defects are known in protein glycosylation: 12 in N‐glycosylation and four in O‐glycosylation. The N‐glycosylation defects comprise eight assembly defects (CDG‐I) designated CDG‐Ia to CDG‐Ih, and four processing defects (CDG‐II) designated CDG‐IIa to CDG‐IId. By far the most frequent is CDG‐Ia (phosphomannomutase‐2 deficiency). It affects the nervous system and many other organs. Its clinical expression varies from extremely severe to very mild (and thus probably underdiagnosed). The most interesting disease in this group is CDG‐Ib (phosphomannose isomerase deficiency) because it is so far the only efficiently treatable CDG (mannose treatment). It hasahepatic–intestinal presentation. The O‐glycosylation defects comprise two O‐xylosylglycan defects (a progeroid variant of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and the multiple exostoses syndrome) and two O‐mannosylglycan defects (Walker–Warburg syndrome and muscle–eye–brain disease). All known CDGs have a recessive inheritance except for multiple exostoses syndrome, which is dominantly inherited. There is a rapidly growing group of putative CDGs with a large spectrum of clinical presentations (CDG‐x). Serum transferrin isoelectrofocusing remains the cornerstone of the screening for N‐glycosylation defects associated with sialic acid deficiency. Abnormal patterns can be grouped in to type 1 and type 2. However, a normal pattern does not exclude these defects. Screening for the other CDGs is much more difficult, particularly when the defect is organ‐ or system‐restricted. The latter group promises to become an important new chapter in CDG. It is concluded that CDGs will eventually cover the whole clinical spectrum of paediatric and adult disease manifestations.
Cognitive coping: The psychological significance of knowing what happened in the traumatic event
Authors: Winje Dagfinn 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe longitudinal relationships between aspects of cognitive coping and psychological symptoms in a group of 36 adults were examined 1, 3, and 5 years after a fatal school bus accident in Norway in 1988. The need for information about what happened in the accident was unrelated to symptoms during the period when the parents' search for facts was dominant, indicating that this is part of a normal adjustment process. However, persistent need for information after factual information had been provided was associated with poorer adjustment. People who felt they were adequately informed and who viewed the accident as a random incident showed better psychological adjustment.
Brief early psychological interventions following trauma: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Rose Suzanna , Bisson Jonathan 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA systematic literature search/review was undertaken of brief early psychological interventions following trauma. Only six randomized controlled trials were found, and none of these included group interventions. Of the six trials, two studies associated the intervention with a positive outcome, two demonstrated no difference on outcome between intervention and non‐intervention groups, and two showed some negative outcomes in the intervention group. This review suggests that early optimism for brief early psychological interventions including debriefing was misplaced and that there is an urgent need for randomized controlled trials of group debriefing and other early interventions.
Overview of inherited metabolic disorders causing cardiovascular disease
Authors: Wilcken D. E. L. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSummary: Inherited metabolic disorders contribute importantly to adverse cardiovascular outcomes and affect all tissue types. This review summarizes some of the more important aspects. In the venous system, heterozygosities for the factor V Leiden and prothrombin 20210G > A mutations are common and occur in 4% and 1%, respectively, of caucasians. They confer a 2‐ to 3‐ fold increase in risk of venous, but not arterial, thrombosis. Marfan syndrome affects the systemic circulation and has a population prevalence of about 1 in 4000. The more than 200 mutations responsible are in the fibrillin‐1 gene (15q21.1) and mediate the characteristic skeletal, lens and aortic changes. There are two potentially lethal inherited disorders of cardiac conduction, the long QT and Brugada syndromes. The prevalence for each is about 1 in 10 000. On the other hand, autosomal dominant hypertrophic cardiomyopathies are relatively common, at 1 in 500, but with variable penetrance. Mutations are in the sarcomere proteins and more than 140 are known. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may be confused with Fabry disease, for which effective treatment is now available. Mutations in several genes have been shown to produce dilated cardiomyopathy in the young, but there is as yet no specific treatment. In fatty acid oxidation disorders, arrhythmias and cardiomyopathy occur during acute decompensation. An important recently established cause of cardiomyopathy is carnitine transporter defect; it is treated effectively with oral carnitine. The autosomal dominant arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia occurs with a prevalence of about 1 in 15 000 and presents with arrythmias and a dilated right ventricle. The mutations responsible have been mapped to chromosomes 1, 2, 10 and 14. Lysosomal storage disorders, the Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and other connective‐tissue disorders affect cardiac valves and vessels. In addition to the relatively common inherited lipoprotein disorders familial hypercholesterolaemia and familial combined hyperlipidaemia, an important dominantly inherited lipid variable contributing to coronary risk is lipoprotein(a). The gene is localized tochromosome 6 and there is full expression in childhood. Elevated lipoprotein(a) levels contribute to the occurrence and severity of early‐onsetcoronary disease and add to the already enhanced risk in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia.