bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An inflatable fabric beam finite element
Authors: Wielgosz C. , Thomas J. C. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractInflatable structures made of modern textile materials with important mechanical characteristics can be inflated at high pressure (up to several hundreds kPa). For such values of the pressure they have a strong mechanical strength. The aim of the paper is to construct a new inflatable beam finite element able to predict the behaviour of inflatable structures made of beam elements. Experiments and analytical studies on inflatable fabric beams at high pressure have shown that their compliance is the sum of the beam compliance and of the yarn compliance. This new finite element is therefore obtained by the equilibrium finite element method and is modified into a displacement finite element. The stiffness matrix takes into account the inflation pressure. Comparisons between experimental and numerical results are shown and prove the accuracy of this new finite element for solving problems of inflatable beams at high pressure. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some psychological aspects of colour blindness at school: A field study in Calabria and Basilicata (Southern Italy)
Authors: Gallo P. Grassivaro , Panza M. , Lantieri P. B. , Risso D. , Conforti G. , Lagonia P. , Piro A. , Tagarelli G. , Tagarelli A. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractRed‐green colour blindness, an inherited X‐linked anomaly, was analyzed both in its biological aspects (genetic frequency) and its pedagogical and psychological implications (only the latter are the exhaustive subject of this analysis). A mass screening was carried out by means of the Ishihara test between 1998 and 2000 in Calabria and Basilicata (South of Italy). A total of 63,933 male and female schoolchildren were investigated, belonging to 351 towns and 655 secondary schools (age range 11–14 years). Then, a psychological questionnaire was administered to the entire sample, while the psychological statistical analysis was made on the answers given by two sub‐samples composed of 34,309 orthochromatic subjects of both sexes and 831 colour‐blind subjects of both sexes. Their answers strengthen the hypothesis that dyschromatopsia could affect the human relations of its recipients starting from their childhood, forcing them to manage their diversity in order to adapt to rules, tools and didactic media and, generally, that dyschromates carry a common feeling which presupposes and takes for granted the univocality of the visual experience. Additionally, 3,082 teachers of different subjects have been submitted to a pedagogical questionnaire, consisting of 13 closed‐open questions, in order to analyze the behavior of the school toward the colour‐blind subject. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 216–220, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10148
About the theoretical aspect of multiple light scattering: Silvy's theory
Authors: Bloch Jean‐Francis , Sève Robert 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe general problem of light scattering in turbid media has been studied often. Compared to the exact solution for plane‐parallel diffusers, the Kubelka and Munk solution appears as an approximation. The photon diffusion model is also an approximate solution restricted to the case of low light absorption, for which the prior work of Silvy has been ignored. It gives interesting relations between Kubelka‐Munk conventional parameters and the more intrinsic quantities related to the properties of the media introduced by the photon model. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 227–228, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10149
Preparation of films of the carbonate compound (BaxSr1−x)2Cu1+yO2+δ(CO3)1−y by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Adachi Yutaka , Tsuruta Chusei , Matsui Yoshio , Sakaguchi Isao , Haneda Hajime , Takahashi Koichiro 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThis study reports an attempt to synthesize the carbonate superconductor (BaxSr1−x)2Cu1+yO2+δ(CO3)1−y by MBE. CO2 gas and NO2 gas, the oxidation sources, are introduced into the vacuum chamber and (BaxSr1−x)2Cu1+yO2+δ(CO3)1−y(x ≥ 0.3) is grown on a SrTiO3(001) substrate. In the thin film grown on SrTiO3(001) substrate, the c axis is perpendicular to the substrate surface. The orientation in the plane is that epitaxial growth of the [100] thin film is observed in the [110] direction of the substrate. Thin film growth was also attempted on NdGaO3 and (LaAlO3)0.3(SrAl0.5Ta0.5O3)0.7 substrates, but no epitaxial thin film was obtained. Both thin films exhibited the electrical resistance of a semiconductor, and superconductivity was not observed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(5): 77–83, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.1123
Throughput efficiency of the multireceiver Go‐Back‐N ARQ scheme on parallel channels with dependent packet errors
Authors: Amaki Satomi , Komatsu Masaharu 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIt is known that the performance of a single‐receiver ARQ scheme strongly depends on the packet error generation process. Hence, it is not possible to use results assuming independent (or random) packet errors for performance evaluation of the ARQ scheme in an environment of nonindependent (or burst) packet error generation. This also applies to the performance of the multireceiver ARQ scheme. However, performance evaluation of the multireceiver ARQ scheme has not been carried out in an environment of nonindependent packet error generation. In the present paper, the throughput efficiency of the basic multireceiver Go‐Back‐N ARQ scheme that can be applied when a transmission station sends identical data to the receivers connected to each of multiple parallel channels is derived for the environment of burst packet error generation according to mutually independent two‐state Markov processes. Further, numerical examples based on the derived results are presented and the effect of the number of receiving stations, the round‐trip delay, and the nature of the Markov process on the throughput efficiency is obtained. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(9): 34–42, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10073
Edge enhancement and interpolation technique based on electric circuit simulation and its application to image segmentation
Authors: Hirano Kenji , Yoshida Toshiyuki , Sakai Yoshinori 
Published: April 2003

AbstractGenerally, in image segmentation or object extraction, the edge image of the target object has a substantial effect on the extraction accuracy. In this paper, we focus on the characteristics of the currents flowing in an electrical circuit and propose a technique to interpolate and enhance the edges of a still image by simulating this circuit behavior and apply this technique to image segmentation. The proposed technique constructs a resistor circuit by mapping the edge intensity of each point in the edge image to a resistance, applies a suitable voltage to this circuit, and determines the distribution of the flowing current. Based on the property that the current concentrates in the path that minimizes the sum of the resistances, the current distribution that was obtained is inversely transformed again into the edge intensities in order to enhance weak edges and interpolate broken edges. In several experiments, the proposed technique produced better results than other edge interpolation and enhancement techniques. And when used with the watershed algorithm, highly accurate segmentation was obtained. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(9): 22–33, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10085
Diagnostic tools in linkage analysis for quantitative traits
Authors: Andrade Mariza de , Fridley Brooke , Boerwinkle Eric , Turner Stephen 
Published: April 2003

AbstractDiagnostic methods are key components in any good statistical analysis. Because of the similarities between the variance components approach and regression analysis with respect to the normality assumption, when performing quantitative genetic linkage analysis using variance component methods, one must check the normality assumption of the quantitative trait and outliers. Thus, the main purposes of this paper are to describe methods for testing the normality assumption, to describe various diagnostic methods for identifying outliers, and to discuss the issues that may arise when outliers are present when using variance components models in quantitative trait linkage analysis. Data from the Rochester Family Heart Study are used to illustrate the various diagnostic methods and related issues. Genet Epidemiol 24:302–308, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contribution of thermolabile methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase variant to total plasma homocysteine levels in healthy men and women. Inter99 (2)
Authors: Husemoen Lise Lotte N. , Thomsen Troels F. , Fenger Mogens , Jørgensen Henrik L. , Jørgensen Torben 
Published: April 2003

AbstractElevation in plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is believed to be causally related to cardiovascular disease. Like age and sex, the thermolabile variant of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR(C677T)) is an important nonmodifiable determinant of tHcy, which may be considered when describing normal ranges of tHcy in the general population. We investigated the simultaneous effect of sex, age, and MTHFR(C677T) genotype on the distribution of tHcy in a cross‐sectional study design. THcy concentrations and MTHFR(C677T) genotype were determined in a population‐based sample of 2,788 Danish men and women aged 30–60 years participating in the Inter99 Study. The prevalences of MTHFR(C677T) genotypes were 48.8% (CC), 42.4% (CT), and 8.8% (TT). The overall median tHcy was 8.1 µmol/l, and the 2.5–97.5 percentiles were 4.8–17.8 µmol/l. The estimated proportionally higher level of tHcy in men compared to women was 14.3% (P<0.001). A significant interaction term was found between age and MTHFR(C677T) genotype (P<0.001). The estimated changes in tHcy per 5 years of age were 1.5% in CC individuals (P<0.01), 2.1% in CT individuals (P<0.001), and −4.1% in TT individuals (P<0.01). The T allele was associated with elevated tHcy. However, the proportionally higher level of tHcy in TT individuals compared to CT and CC individuals decreased with increasing age. The MTHFR(C677T) polymorphism explained 6% of the phenotypic variation in tHcy. In conclusion, we found that tHcy is associated with sex, age, and MTHFR genotype. Our results indicate that the effect of age is modified by MTHFR genotype. Genet Epidemiol 24:322–330, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A general synthesis of 2′‐deoxy‐2′‐[18F]fluoro‐1‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosyluracil and its 5‐substituted nucleosides
Authors: Alauddin Mian M. , Conti Peter S. , Fissekis John D. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractSeveral 2′‐deoxy‐2′‐[18F]fluoro‐1‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosyluracil derivatives have been synthesized. Coupling of 1‐bromo‐2‐deoxy‐2‐[18F]fluoro‐3,5‐di‐O‐benzoyl‐α‐D‐arabinofuranose 2 with protected uracil derivatives 3a–e followed by hydrolysis and high‐performance liquid chromatography purification produced the radiolabeled nucleosides 4a–e in 15–30% yield (d. c.), >99% radiochemical purity and 55.5–103.6 GBq/µmol specific activities. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and radiolabelling of [123I]‐4‐iodo‐N‐(4‐(4‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐piperazin‐1‐yl)butyl)‐benzamide, a potential dopamine D3 antagonist for SPECT studies
Authors: Staelens L. , Dumont F. , Vos F. De , Oltenfreiter R. , Vandecapelle M. , Dierckx R.A. , Slegers G. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractSchizophrenia is a devastating mental disorder characterized by relapsing psychotic episodes accompanied with emotional, professional and social decline. The classical dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia postulates that hyperactivity of dopaminergic neurotransmission is responsible for the positive symptoms of the disorder. More exactly hyperactivity of the dopamine D3 receptor system is thought to be involved in the pathology of schizophrenia. Therefore a new 123I‐labelled compound was developed which may allow in vivo visualization of the D3 receptor by SPECT. [123I]‐4‐iodo‐N‐(4‐(4‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐piperazin‐1‐yl)butyl)‐benzamide was synthesized and labelled by electrophilic aromatic substitution of the tributylstannyl derrivative. The radiochemical yield was 82–85% and the specific activity was >2.96 Ci/µmol. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new approach for 11C–C bond formation: Synthesis of 17α‐(3′‐[11C]prop‐1‐yn‐1‐yl)‐3‐methoxy‐3,17β‐estradiol
Authors: Wüst F. , Zessin J. , Johannsen B. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA new approach for 11C–C bond formation via a Sonogashira‐like cross‐coupling reaction of terminal alkynes with [11C]methyl iodide was exemplified by the synthesis of 17α‐(3′‐[11C]prop‐1‐yn‐1‐yl)‐3‐methoxy‐3,17β‐estradiol. The LC‐purified title compound was obtained in decay‐corrected radiochemical yields of 27–47% (n=8) based on [11C]methyl iodide within 21–27 min after EOB. In a typical synthesis starting from 9.6 GBq [11C]methyl iodide, 1.87 GBq of 17α‐(3′‐[11C]prop‐1‐yn‐1‐yl)‐3‐methoxy‐3,17β‐estradiol was synthesized in radiochemical purity >99%. The specific radioactivity ranged between 10 and 19 GBq/µmol, and the labeling position was verified by 13C‐NMR analysis of the corresponding 13C‐labeled compound. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of gender on mood effects in advertising
Authors: Martin Brett A. S. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe main objective of this article is to study the impact of gender on mood effects in relation to attitude toward the ad and brand attitudes. Specifically, gender, mood state, and ad affective tone are posited to interact. Data from an experiment support two hypotheses predicting the most favorable combinations of mood and affective tone for males and females for attitude toward the ad. Findings also support previous research that female gender and sad moods, respectively, result in more detailed processing. Limitations and future research directions are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Color blindness plate recognition with a YIQ multi‐channel non‐zero‐order joint transform correlator
Authors: Wu Weijun , Chen Chulung 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIn this paper, we adopt a particular arrangement on YIQ multi‐channels for image recognition from the color blindness plate. Numerical results are presented. It is observed that the correlation output can be improved as compared with our previous research using RGB channels. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 343–347, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10913
Single‐layer rectangular patch antenna with two pairs of parallel slits
Authors: Neves Eduardo S. , Heckler Marcos V. T. , Schildberg Ricardo , da S. Lacava J. C. , Cividanes Lucio 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThis work describes a new single‐layer rectangular patch antenna with two pairs of parallel slits designed for dual‐band operation. Numerical analyses are presented using the IE3D™ and the ENSEMBLE™ electromagnetic simulator softwares. A prototype was manufactured and good agreement between the measurements and the CAD predictions were observed. The results obtained with the proposed technical solution showed improvements in the antenna impedance bandwidth and in the radiation characteristics, while maintaining the same polarization direction over the entire operational frequency range. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 355–359, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10916
Optimization of a PML absorber's conductivity profile using FDTD
Authors: Li Ching‐Lieh , Liu Chien‐Wei , Chen Shao‐Hon 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe conductivity profile of a perfectly matched layer (PML) absorber is optimized to increase the absorption performance. The key parameters describing a polynomial‐type conductivity profile for an anisotropic PML absorber are optimized by employing a steady‐state genetic algorithm (SSGA). A Gaussian line source is used for excitation in free space in order to minimize local error. The optimum polynomial parameters are reported for PML absorbers of various layers. Numerical results show that PML absorption can be improved by at least 7–15 dB, independently of the space‐domain and grid sizes. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 380–383, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10924
Design formulas for the H‐plane septum power divider in a rectangular waveguide
Authors: Bang Jai‐Hoon , Hwang Soon‐Mi , Lee Seok‐Gon , Ahn Bierng‐Chearl 
Published: April 2003

AbstractFormulas are presented for the optimum design of the H‐plane septum power divider in a rectangular waveguide. Optimum values of the septum offset are given in terms of the frequency and power‐divide ratio. Corresponding values of the septum length and iris width are given in terms of the frequency and septum offset. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 390–393, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10927
Respiratory burst activity in bronchopulmonary dysplasia and changes with dexamethasone
Authors: Ballabh Praveen , Simm M. , Kumari J. , Califano C. , Aghai Z. , Laborada G. , Sison C. , Cunningham‐Rundles S. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe first objective of this study was to evaluate longitudinal changes in respiratory burst activity in circulating neutrophils and monocytes in infants of less than 30 weeks of gestation with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and to examine differences in neonates who subsequently developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) compared with those neonates who did not. The second objective was to investigate the effects of dexamethasone on respiratory burst activity in neutrophils and monocytes. We measured burst activity on neutrophils and monocytes in fresh heparinized blood in response to E. coli, N‐formyl‐met‐leu‐phe (fMLP), and phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate stimulation on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 of life, before and 2–3 days after initiating a 6‐day course of dexamethasone treatment. Infants with RDS participating in the study were followed until discharge, and were classified as non‐BPD and either 1) BPD d28, reflecting their oxygen requirement at day of life 28, or 2) BPD 36 weeks, reflecting oxygen dependence at 36 weeks' corrected gestational age. The diagnosis of BPD was supported by radiological changes of BPD. The percentage of activated neutrophils producing a respiratory burst increased in all premature infants with increasing postnatal days during the first 28 days of life, when the physiological stimulus E. coli was used as an activator (P < 0.02). There was no significant difference in respiratory burst activity measured either as percent activation or as mean fluorescence intensity between non‐BPD and BPD infants after adjusting for the difference in weight and gestational age between the two groups. The treatment of premature infants with dexamethasone was associated with decreased activation of neutrophils (P < 0.005) when E. coli was used as a stimulus. In conclusion, a significant increase in neutrophil respiratory burst activity occurs during the first month of life in very low birth weight infants. Greater pulmonary damage in BPD cannot be attributed to reduced burst activity in either neutrophils or monocytes. Dexamethasone treatment was associated with decreased neutrophil respiratory burst activity. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:392–399. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tunneling dynamics of a double‐well oscillator: Effects of barrier fluctuation and thermal modulation
Authors: Saha Aparna , Sarkar Pranab 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe tunneling dynamics of a particle moving in a bistable potential with fluctuating barrier is studied. For barriers fluctuating randomly in time we show by exact numerical calculation the significant effect of barrier fluctuation on the tunneling behavior of the particle. At nonzero temperatures the computed tunneling rate constant passes through a maximum when plotted against fluctuation frequency. The resonant frequency (at which the maximum appears) slowly decreases with increase in temperature and attains a constant value at higher temperature and it increases linearly with increase in barrier height of the potential. Another important observation is that in presence of barrier fluctuation the dependence of tunneling rate constant on temperature is strongly guided by the barrier fluctuation frequency. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 93: 280–285, 2003
On tests of equivalence via non‐unity relative risk for matched‐pair design
Authors: Tang Nian‐Sheng , Tang Man‐Lai , Chan Ivan Siu Fung 
Published: April 2003

AbstractMatched‐pair design is often used in clinical trials to increase the efficiency of treatment comparison. We consider the problem of equivalence test with a relative risk endpoint in matched‐pair studies with binary outcomes, and develop several score and Wald‐type statistics for testing a hypothesis of non‐unity relative risk. Examples from an assessment of HIV screening test and a cross‐over clinical trial of soft contact lenses are used to illustrate the proposed methods. Through simulations we compare the empirical performance of these tests with the test proposed by Lachenbruch and Lynch. We show that a score test based on a reparameterized multinomial model by Tango performs best in the sense that the test satisfactorily controls the type I error rate and its empirical type I error rates are generally much closer to the prespecified nominal significance level than those of the other tests. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Causal logistic models for non‐compliance under randomized treatment with univariate binary response
Authors: Have Thomas R. Ten , Joffe Marshall , Cary Mark 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWe propose a method for estimating the marginal causal log‐odds ratio for binary outcomes under treatment non‐compliance in placebo‐randomized trials. This estimation method is a marginal alternative to the causal logistic approach by Nagelkerke et al. (2000) that conditions on partially unknown compliance (that is, adherence to treatment) status, and also differs from previous approaches that estimate risk differences or ratios in subgroups defined by compliance status. The marginal causal method proposed in this paper is based on an extension of Robins' G‐estimation approach for fitting linear or log‐linear structural nested models to a logistic model. Comparing the marginal and conditional causal log‐odds ratio estimates provides a way of assessing the magnitude of unmeasured confounding of the treatment effect due to treatment non‐adherence. More specifically, we show through simulations that under weak confounding, the conditional and marginal procedures yield similar estimates, whereas under stronger confounding, they behave differently in terms of bias and confidence interval coverage. The parametric structures that represent such confounding are not identifiable. Hence, the proof of consistency of causal estimators and corresponding simulations are based on two different models that fully identify the causal effects being estimated. These models differ in the way that compliance is related to potential outcomes, and thus differ in the way that the causal effect is identified. The simulations also show that the proposed marginal causal estimation approach performs well in terms of bias under the different levels of confounding due to non‐adherence and under different causal logistic models. We also provide results from the analyses of two data sets further showing how a comparison of the marginal and conditional estimators can help evaluate the magnitude of confounding due to non‐adherence. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.