bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the role of tests of lung function in the management of infants with lung disease?
Authors: Godfrey S. , Bar‐Yishay E. , Avital A. , Springer C. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis review considers whether there is a role for lung function tests in the clinical management of infants with lung disease. The purpose of testing lung function in older subjects, the tests available for infants, and the practical problems of testing lung function in infants are considered. After reviewing all the facts, we suggest that there are four situations in which lung function testing should be recommended for infants, as follows: 1) the infant who presents with unexplained tachypnea, hypoxia, cough, or respiratory distress in whom a definitive diagnosis is not apparent from physical examination and other, less difficult investigations; 2) the infant with severe, continuous, chronic obstructive lung disease who does not respond to an adequate clinical trial of combined corticosteroid and bronchodilator therapy; 3) the infant with known respiratory disease of uncertain severity in whom there is need to justify management decisions; and 4) research and development. A review of 62 recent publications to determine how lung function tests are being used at the present time showed that they are being used overwhelmingly for research. The role of lung function testing in the clinical management of infants has not been established, and research is needed to clarify this situation. We suggest that such studies should explore the role of lung function tests in infants with specific symptoms, signs, or diagnoses, taking into account information from other types of investigation and the cost/benefit/risk ratios. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:1–9. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Familial neonatal pneumothorax associated with transient tachypnea of the newborn
Authors: Kugelman Amir , Riskin Arieh , Weinger‐Abend Marta , Bader David 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWe describe neonatal spontaneous pneumothorax associated with transient tachypnea of the newborn in siblings of two families. Familial spontaneous pneumothorax is extremely rare in neonates. Was our observation just an incidental finding, or is there a familial predisposition to spontaneous pneumothorax? Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:69–72. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychogenic cough in a schoolboy: Evaluation using an ambulatory cough recorder
Authors: McGarvey Lorcan P.A. , Warke Timothy J. , McNiff Cathal , Heaney Liam G. , MacMahon Joseph 
Published: May 2003

AbstractPsychogenic cough occurs most commonly in patients under 18 years of age. Making the diagnosis on clinical features alone is problematic, and it is usually a diagnosis of exclusion after several negative clinical investigations. We report on the case of a 13‐year‐old schoolboy with a 3‐month history of persistent dry cough with no other associated symptoms. Clinical examination and investigations revealed no abnormality, and empirical trials of antiasthma and antacid medications proved unsuccessful. An objective assessment of his cough frequency was made using an ambulatory cough monitor. A large number of cough episodes were recorded during the day, but during the time he was in bed there were very few episodes recorded. This suggested a diagnosis of psychogenic cough, and he underwent behavior modification therapy under the guidance of a clinical psychologist, with good result. Objective cough monitoring may therefore improve the evaluation and management of chronic cough. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:73–75. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Echocardiographic parameters in adolescents with sleep‐related breathing disorders
Authors: Sánchez‐Armengol Ángeles , Rodríguez‐Puras María J. , Fuentes‐Pradera María A. , Quintana‐Gallego Esther , Borja‐Urbano Guadalupe , Cayuela Aurelio , Capote Francisco 
Published: May 2003

AbstractFew data are known about the effects of sleep‐related breathing disorders (SRBD) on the cardiovascular system in adolescents. Forty healthy adolescents (mean age, 13.7 ± 1.6 years) answered a questionnaire regarding symptoms of sleep‐related breathing disorders (SRBD) and underwent a cardiorespiratory polygraphy and echocardiography. Echocardiographic data in snorers with polygraphic abnormalities suggestive of SRBD (positive group, n = 29) were compared with the results in nonsnorers without polygraphic abnormalities (n = 11) who were included in the control group. Ventricular dimensions and indices of left ventricular systolic function were within normal limits and were not significantly different between the two groups. Indices of left ventricular diastolic function were also within normal limits, but isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) was significantly longer among the positive group (72.5 ± 8.4 msec) than among the controls (65.1 ± 7.9 msec) (P = 0.018). Multiple regression analysis showed that posterior wall thickness was predicted by a model that included cardiac events related with respiratory events and/or desaturations, and respiratory disturbance index (RDI) in supine position. Deceleration of early diastolic flow was predicted by RDI, percentage of total recording time with SaO2 < 90% (CT90), and age; the variability of isovolumetric relaxation time was predicted by a model that included RDI in supine position. We found a significant relationship between polygraphic parameters suggestive of SRBD and echocardiographic measurements of ventricular dimensions and diastolic function. Also, echocardiographic parameters suggestive of some degree of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction were found in snoring adolescents with polygraphic abnormalities. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:27–33. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Majority of children aged 3 years and above can reliably inhale through the Clickhaler
Authors: Iqbal Shaique M. , Ritson Sue , Buck Helen , Ellis Sally , Everard Mark L. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractGuidelines suggest that pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDI) plus spacers are the delivery system of choice for children. However, they are bulky, which makes them inconvenient. It was suggested that the smaller dry‐powder inhalers (DPIs) may be suitable for delivering short‐acting bronchodilators to preschool children. This study considered whether preschool children could reliably generate sufficient inspiratory flows to use the Clickhaler DPI. Twenty‐seven asthmatic and 34 nonasthmatic children, aged 2–5 years, were recruited. Following training, they were asked to inhale four times through a Clickhaler flow monitoring system, twice “steadily” and twice “forcefully.” Inspiratory flow data were collected during each inhalation. Of the 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐year‐old asthmatics, 62.5, 100, and 100%, respectively, could reliably differentiate between inhaling and exhaling through the DPI. For nonasthmatics, the figures were 66, 60, and 88%, respectively. All but one of the children who understood the instructions generated a PIF of greater than 15 l/min (range, 13.9–88.3 l/min and 21.2–84.5 l/min in asthmatic and nonasthmatic children, respectively). These data indicate that the majority of children aged 3 years and above could reliably inhale rather than exhale through a dry‐powder inhaler, and that they generate inspiratory flows sufficient to use the Clickhaler effectively. The results indicate that the device could be a suitable delivery system for β2‐agonists in preschool children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:63–68. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulmonary gas trapping increases in asthmatic children and adolescents in the supine position
Authors: Gustafsson Per M. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis study aimed to see if gas trapping or ventilation inhomogeneity during tidal breathing increases in young asthmatic subjects when recumbent over a period of 1 hr. Ten asthmatic children and teenagers and 12 control subjects performed tidal breathing multiple‐breath N2‐washout in the sitting position and immediately, 30 min, and 60 min after assuming the supine position. The asthma group also performed the same lung function tests on another day, but then remained in the sitting position throughout. When assuming the supine position, both groups showed significant falls in vital capacity (4–8%) and in functinal residual capacity (FRC) (>20%). Gas trapping increased significantly after 30 and 60 min in the supine position only in the asthma group, but other indices of ventilation inhomogeneity did not change with body position. When in the supine position, the trapped gas volume was on average 10% of FRC in the asthma group, which was twice as much as when sitting and three times higher than in supine control subjects. It is concluded that assuming the supine position leads to increased gas trapping in young asthmatics but not in healthy subjects; this could be one of several mechanisms that contribute to nocturnal worsening of asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:34–42. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Duration of effect of intravenous antibiotics on spirometry and sputum cytokines in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Cunningham Steven , McColm Janet R. , Mallinson Aileen , Boyd Ingrid , Marshall Tom G. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractIntravenous (IV) antibiotics are a mainstay of therapy in children with cystic fibrosis. It is unclear, however, over what period associated improvements in pulmonary function are maintained, and to what extent the underlying inflammatory process is impeded in children admitted for a course of IV antibiotics. This was a prospective, interventional study of 14 children (median age, 14 years; interquartile range, 10–14) with cystic fibrosis who were regular sputum producers and who required admission for a 2‐week course of IV antibiotics. Children performed spirometry and provided a sputum sample prior to starting IV antibiotics and then weekly for 6 weeks, the first 2 weeks of which IV antibiotics were given. Sputum IL‐8, TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐10, MIP1‐α, and elastase were measured. Seven children were asked to repeat the protocol in a subsequent exacerbation to assess similarities in response to therapy. Significant improvements were seen in forced expired volume in 1 sec (FEV1) in association with IV antibiotics (27% relative improvement in predicted from baseline to end of week 1, median FEV1 41.3% increasing to 52.2%), but this continued only 1 week following cessation of antibiotics. Although IL‐8 demonstrated a trend for reduction in association with antibiotics, no significant profile was demonstrated for any of the cytokines assessed. IL‐10 was detectable in 64% of samples (all <100 pg/ml). In children with two episodes assessed, although there was a close correlation of FEV1 and FVC between exacerbations (before antibiotics), no significant correlation was seen for IL‐8, TNF‐α, or IL‐10 measured in both sets of samples at any sample point (indeed, a discordant response was seen between sample points in the two exacerbations). Although FEV1 temporarily improves in response to admission for IV antibiotics, no such response is seen in sputum cytokine values. In addition, assessment of cytokines in subsequent exacerbations does not show a similar pattern of response to treatment. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:43–48. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Follow‐up of compliance with tuberculosis treatment in children: Monitoring by urine tests
Authors: Palanduz AyşE , Gultekin Derya , Kayaalp Nimet 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis study was designed to follow up patient compliance by detection of antituberculous drugsx in urine during the course of treatment. It was conducted in the Outpatient Clinic of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Sisli Etfal Hospital (Istanbul, Turkey). In total, 45 children with pulmonary tuberculosis participated. Patients were seen twice in the first month and once a month thereafter during the 6‐month course of treatment. The second urine of the day was collected at each visit. Urine was tested for isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), and pyrazinamide (PZA). In the presence of these drugs or their metabolites, the addition of certain chemicals caused a color change in the urine. On day 15 of treatment, urine tested positive for INH in 82% of patients, for RIF in 67%, and for PZA in 73%. At the end of the second month, the ratio of adherence was 96, 89, and 96% for each drug, respectively. All patients were found to be adherent at months 5 and 6. We recommend detection of antituberculous drugs in urine to assess compliance to treatment. Once the defaulting patients were identified, adherence was improved by repeatedly providing patient education throughout the treatment. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:55–57. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of androgen receptor coactivators in normal and cancer prostate tissues and cultured cell lines
Authors: Mestayer C. , Blanchère M. , Jaubert F. , Dufour B. , Mowszowicz I. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn prostate cancer cell lines, androgen receptor (AR) coactivators modulate the transcriptional activity of AR. However, very little is known about their expression in normal prostate tissue and during progression to cancer.METHODSAR and coactivators ARA54, ARA55, ARA70, and SRC1 RNA were analyzed by RT‐PCR in normal and tumoral tissues of the same prostate, in prostate cell lines, and after hormonal treatments of prostate epithelial cells.RESULTSAR‐coactivators were expressed in normal and tumoral tissues and in cultured prostate cells; only ARA55 expression was decreased in tumoral relative to normal tissue of all seven prostates analyzed. It was not expressed in LNCaP and DU145 cancer cells and low in PNT2 immortalized cells in which all coactivator's expression were down regulated by DHT and up regulated by E2. In addition, coactivator's expression was increased in hyperplastic relative to normal prostate fibroblasts.CONCLUSIONSARA55 is both an AR coactivator and a focal adhesion protein (Hic‐5). Its role in the progression of prostate carcinoma may therefore involve these two different functions. Its decrease in cancer tissue suggests that it plays a different role than that expected, namely, facilitate cell proliferation and therefore mobility and metastasis. Prostate 56: 192–200, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Response of patients with advanced prostatic cancer to administration of somatostatin analog RC‐160 (vapreotide) at the time of relapse
Authors: Barcena David González , Schally Andrew V. , Buenfil Manuel Vadillo , Morales Adolfo Cortez , L Victor Hernández , Cardenas‐Cornejo Imelda , Schally Ana Maria Comaru 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of administration of the somatostatin analog RC‐160 (vapreotide) at the time of relapse in patients with androgen independent prostate cancer.METHODSOur study included 13 patients with biopsy‐proven prostate cancer, stage D3. Eight patients had been treated with a depot formulation of the agonist D‐Trp‐6‐LH‐RH, with a median remission time of 68 (range 48–102 months). Five patients were initially treated by surgical orchiectomy, but relapsed after a median time of 33 months (range 17–91 months). A new remission period with a median duration of 10 months (range 2–29 months) was induced with Ketoconazole in the orchiectomy group. At the relapse time, all the patients received 1 mg of vapreotide t.i.d., by subcutaneous route, in addition to D‐Trp‐6‐LH‐RH, or Ketoconazole in the orchiectomy group.RESULTSEight of 13 patients demonstrated clinical improvement after 3 months of therapy with vapreotide, six showing a decrease in serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) from 234.5 ± 308.5 to 68.2 ± 60.5 ng/ml (mean decline 71 ± 8%; P < 0.05). Two additional patients presented a fall in serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). Responding patients showed a decrease in the bone pain score from 2.62 ± 0.48 to 0.37 ± 0.69 and an increase in the Karnofsky performance status from 72.3 ± 4.21 to 83.6 ± 23.2 (P < 0.05). In accord with the ECOG criteria, two patients had a complete response; four had partial response, and two had a stable response. Four patients did not respond and one was not evaluable. Two patients died in remission, one at 16 months due to myocardial infarction and the other at 24 months due to pneumonia. Three patients relapsed at 5, 17, and 19 months respectively. Three patients who have been followed‐up for more than 3 years continued in remission (79, 45, and 45 months) respectively. Vapreotide was well tolerated, only three patients having transitory mild diarrhea.CONCLUSIONSOur results indicate that therapy with the somatostatin analog vapreotide at the time of relapse can induce objective clinical responses in some patients with prostate cancer who are refractory to androgen ablation induced by LH‐RH analogs or orchiectomy. Prostate 56: 183–191, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic value of circulating prostate cells in patients with a rising PSA after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Tombal Bertrand , Cangh Paul J. Van , Loric Sylvain , Gala Jean‐Luc 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo predict poor outcome in patients with a biochemical recurrence (rising PSA) after radical prostatectomy (RP), urologists rely primarily on Gleason score, PSA doubling time, and time from surgery to biochemical (i.e., PSA) recurrence. In the present study, we assess the value of RT‐PCR detection circulating prostate cells in blood of patients with a rising PSA.METHODSRNA from blood samples was obtained from 55 patients with a rising PSA and from 45 patients without evidence of biochemical failure (PSA < 0.1 ng/ml). Both groups were matched for age, Gleason score, pT stage, and interval between radical prostatectomy and PCR testing.RESULTSPSA positive cells were detected in 1/45 (2%) patients without a PSA recurrence and 19/55 (34%) patients with a PSA recurrence. In the rising PSA group, mean PSA doubling time was significantly shorter in patients with positive RT‐PCR (5 months) than in patients with negative RT‐PCR (16 months; P = 0.001). An earlier onset of recurrence was also detected in patients with a positive RT‐PCR (31 months for positive RT‐PCR vs. 50 months for negative RT‐PCR) but this result did not achieve statistical significance (P = 0.102). Salvage radiation therapy was administered in 15 patients. Three of the five patients with a positive RT‐PCR progressed during radiotherapy whereas 7 of the 10 patients with a negative RT‐PCR obtained a complete response and none have progressed.CONCLUSIONSThese preliminary results suggest that RT‐PCR detection of prostate cells in blood of patients after RP correlates with rapidly progressing biochemical failure after RP. Prostate 56: 163–170, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recent trends in mortality from benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Levi Fabio , Lucchini Franca , Negri Eva , Boyle Peter , Vecchia Carlo La 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe have considered trends in mortality from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) over the last decades in Europe and, for comparative purposes, the USA and Japan.METHODSCancer death certification data for benign prostatic hyperplasia were derived from the World Health Organisation database.RESULTSBetween the early 1950s and the late 1990s, overall mortality from BPH in the European Union (EU) fell from 5.9 to 3.5 per million, and the decline since the late 1950s was over 96%. Comparable falls were observed in the USA and Japan, and BPH mortality rates in the late 1990s were lower than in the EU (1.8/106 in the USA, 1.4 in Japan). BPH mortality trends were downwards also in the Eastern Europe, although rates in the late 1990s were about fourfold higher than in the EU.CONCLUSIONBPH rates have been steadily declining in developed countries. The excess BPH mortality in Eastern Europe indicates the scope for further reduction too. Prostate 56: 207–211, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A low‐fat diet and/or strenuous exercise alters the IGF axis in vivo and reduces prostate tumor cell growth in vitro
Authors: Barnard R. James , Ngo Tung H. , Leung Pak‐Shan , Aronson William J. , Golding Lawrence A. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer is the most common solid‐tumor cancer in US males but is rare in Asian males. When Asian men adopt the US lifestyle, clinical prostate cancer increases greatly. Epidemiological data from men in the US indicate that regular activity may reduce the risk for prostate cancer.METHODSSerum was obtained from three groups of similar‐aged men, Control, Diet and Exercise, and Exercise alone were used to stimulate LNCaP cells in culture. Growth and apoptosis of tumor cells were measured. Serum samples were also used to measure insulin, IGF‐1, IGFBP‐1.RESULTSThe Diet and Exercise and the Exercise alone groups had lower serum insulin and IGF‐1 but higher IGFBP‐1 compared to Controls. LNCaP cell growth was reduced in both groups compared to Control and there was a major increase in apoptosis of tumor cells.CONCLUSIONSA low‐fat diet and/or intensive exercise results in change in serum hormones and growth factors in vivo that can reduce growth and induce apoptosis of LNCaP prostate tumor cells in vitro. Prostate 56: 201–206, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Establishment of a prostatic small‐cell carcinoma cell line (SO‐MI)
Authors: Okada Hiroshi , Shirakawa Toshiro , Miyake Hideaki , Gotoh Akinobu , Fujisawa Masato , Arakawa Soichi , Kamidono Sadao 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstatic small‐cell carcinoma is an extremely rare, highly aggressive disease. We established a cell line from this tumor.MATERIALS AND METHODSTumor tissue obtained from a 24‐year‐old Japanese man was used to establish the cell line. Cultured cells and tumors transplanted into nude mice were characterized by histologic, immunohistologic, immunocytologic, and molecular biologic methods.RESULTSAn immortal culture cell line (SO‐MI) was successfully established. SO‐MI cells adhered weakly to plastic surfaces in vitro, showing a 52‐ to 72‐hr doubling time. SO‐MI cells were heterotopically and orthotopically transplantable in nude mice. The cells were immunoreactive for NSE, chromogranin A, and NCAM, but not for ACTH, calcitonin, serotonin, gastrin, insulin, glucagons, LCA, EMA, PAP, PSA, androgen receptor, and p53. SO‐MI cells secreted NSE in vitro and in vivo. SO‐MI cells at passage 30 contained 50–59 chromosomes with a modal number of 55. PCR suggested that the p53 gene was deleted in SO‐MI cells. RT‐PCR detected no mRNA encoding androgen receptor in these cells.CONCLUSIONSSO‐MI cells retain the neuroendocrine nature of the original tumor, and should be useful in studying possible etiologies and new treatments. Prostate 56: 231–238, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.