bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversification as an adaptive learning process: an empirical study of general-purpose and market-specific technological know-how in new market entry
Authors: Randle Dominika Kinga , Pisano Gary Paul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
An enduring trait of modern corporations is their propensity to diversify into multiple lines of business. Penrosian theories conceptualize diversification as a strategy to exploit a firm’s fungible, yet “untradeable,” resources and point to the redeployment of technological know-how as an important driver thereof. However, less understood are the characteristics of technological assets that underlie firms’ diversification decisions and the impact that diversification has on firms’ subsequent development of technologies. In this paper, we expand the existing theories in two ways. First, we argue that central to understanding firms’ diversification decisions is a distinction between their technological assets that are applicable to many markets and ones that are useful in only a limited number of contexts. To this end, we develop a novel way to characterize technologies along a continuum from highly general-purpose to highly market-specific. Second, we explore empirically the idea that diversification is an adaptive learning process involving both the exploitation of existing capabilities and the creation of novel ones. Using data on three decades of patenting and diversification histories of 28,376 firms, we find that (i) a firm’s possession of general-purpose technological assets is positively associated with its decision to diversify and (II) firms that enter a new industry through diversification develop technologies that are specialized to the target industry. Our findings have implications for understanding firm growth, diversification, and evolution.
Central Support for Triangulated Categories
Authors: Krause Henning 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
For any essentially small triangulated category, the centre of its lattice of thick subcategories is introduced; it is a spatial frame and yields a notion of central support. A relative version of this centre recovers the support theory for tensor triangulated categories and provides a universal notion of cohomological support. Along the way, we establish Mayer–Vietoris sequences for pairs of commuting subcategories.
(En)Gendering the Dead Terrorist: (De)Constructing Masculinity in Terrorist Media Obituaries
Authors: Jarvis Lee , Whiting Andrew 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article contributes to contemporary scholarship on gender, violence, and global politics by exploring how the figure of the terrorist is produced within mainstream media obituaries. It offers three arguments. First, the genre overwhelmingly positions the terrorist as a masculine figure. This positioning takes place, we demonstrate, in a variety of ways including through constructions of the character, family life, and “career” of those designated terrorist. Second, this masculinized figure is, importantly, a heterogenous one that negotiates “fighter,” “strategist,” and “leader” archetypes. These templates can co-exist, we argue, because of their common structural differentiation to the feminine: a position inhabited by supporting characters including wives and other male terrorists. The article's third argument is that the stability of this dominant figuration of the terrorist is also disrupted in obituaries via juxtaposition to more masculine figures, and through feminization of the deceased through constructions of cowardice, passivity, and vanity. In making these arguments, the article offers the first analysis of the masculinized storying of terrorism and terrorists in this almost entirely neglected genre. In so doing, it sheds new light on the obituary as an important mnemonic site for the everyday reproduction and problematization of global politics.
An Update on Anti-TNF Biosimilar Switching—Real-World Clinical Effectiveness and Safety
Authors: Meade Susanna , Squirell Elizabeth , Hoang Thomas Tam , Chow James , Rosenfeld Gregory 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Biological medications for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) account for a significant burden on provincial budgets. In an effort to curb these rising costs, nationwide switching to biosimilars is expected to be complete in Canada before the end of 2023. Biosimilar products do not require the same rigor for licensing as the originator and therefore there has been appropriate scepticism as to how biosimilars will perform in real-world practice.

Methods
We have performed a systematic review including real-world observational studies of adult patients with IBD. The primary outcome was clinical effectiveness and/or safety in patients who had switched from originator to biosimilar anti-TNF. Secondary outcomes included loss of response (LOR), treatment persistence or cessation and immunogenicity.

Results
We included 43 studies (7,462 patients [70 percent Crohn’s disease: 30 percent ulcerative colitis]; 32 infliximab studies, and 11 adalimumab studies). For infliximab, 75 percent patients were in clinical remission at the time of switch and 75 percent maintained clinical remission beyond 12 months, compared to 78 percent of patients who continued originator. For adalimumab, 86 percent patients were in remission at the time of switch with 82 percent maintaining remission at 6 months follow-up. Injection site pain was higher in patients who switched to a citrate containing adalimumab biosimilar, compared with those who continued originator. All other outcomes (LOR, treatment cessation or persistence and serious adverse events) were similar to patients who continued originator (in comparator cohorts or the available literature).

Conclusion
Whilst ongoing vigilance is required, these data are reassuring to both patients and clinicians and will significantly help to reduce health-care costs across Canada.
Genomic analysis of wolves from Pakistan clarifies boundaries among three divergent wolf lineages
Authors: Hennelly Lauren M , Sarwar Ghulam , Fatima Hira , Werhahn Geraldine , Abbas Fakhar I , Khan Abdul M , Mahmood Tariq , Kachel Shannon , Kubanychbekov Zairbek , Waseem Muhammad T , Zahra Naqvi Rubab , Hamid Abdul , Abbas Yasir , Aisha Hamera , Waseem Muhammad , Farooq Muhammad , Sacks Benjamin N 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Among the three main divergent lineages of gray wolf (Canis lupus), the Holarctic lineage is the most widespread and best studied, particularly in North America and Europe. Less is known about Tibetan (also called Himalayan) and Indian wolf lineages in southern Asia, especially in areas surrounding Pakistan where all three lineages are thought to meet. Given the endangered status of the Indian wolf in neighboring India and unclear southwestern boundary of the Tibetan wolf range, we conducted mitochondrial and genome-wide sequencing of wolves from Pakistan and Kyrgyzstan. Sequences of the mitochondrial D-loop region of 81 wolves from Pakistan indicated contact zones between Holarctic and Indian lineages across the northern and western mountains of Pakistan. Reduced-representation genome sequencing of eight wolves indicated an east-to-west cline of Indian to Holarctic ancestry, consistent with a contact zone between these two lineages in Pakistan. The western boundary of the Tibetan lineage corresponded to the Ladakh region of India’s Himalayas with a narrow zone of admixture spanning this boundary from the Karakoram Mountains of northern Pakistan into Ladakh, India. Our results highlight the conservation significance of Pakistan’s wolf populations, especially the remaining populations in Sindh and Southern Punjab that represent the highly endangered Indian lineage.
Comparison of clinical and laboratory parameters of primary vs secondary dengue fever in travellers
Authors: Avrami Sharon , Hoffman Tomer , Meltzer Eyal , Lustig Yaniv , Schwartz Eli 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Dengue fever (DF), caused by the dengue virus (DENV), is the most common arboviral disease in travellers worldwide. It is hypothesized that compared with primary DF, secondary DF may result in antibody-dependent enhancement of the immune response, resulting in more severe disease. We aimed to compare clinical and laboratory parameters in travellers with primary and secondary DF to determine whether secondary DF is associated with markers of severe disease.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study, which included all patients diagnosed with DF at the Central Virology Laboratory of the Israeli Ministry of Health during 2008–19. Clinical, laboratory and virological data were extracted from laboratory and patient records. A diagnosis of DENV infection was based on a positive nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) test, polymerase chain reaction or serology testing for immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Primary and secondary infections were classified based on travel history, NS1 result and IgM/IgG ratio. Severe DF was defined according to WHO classification.

Results
We identified 245 DF cases: 210 (86%) primary and 35 (14%) secondary. Whilst fever duration was significantly longer in secondary compared with primary infections (6.4 vs 5.3 days, P = 0.027), mean Aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly higher in primary compared with secondary cases (146 vs 65 U/L, P &lt; 0.001), and no other clinical or laboratory parameter differed significantly between the groups. Of note, only four patients had severe DF, all had primary infections and none died.

Conclusions
In a cohort of returning travellers with DF, secondary infection, compared with primary infection, was not associated with a consistent trend towards greater severity of the clinical and laboratory markers examined in this study.
Unveiling the complexity of strigolactones: exploring structural diversity, biosynthesis pathways, and signaling mechanisms
Authors: Nomura Takahito , Seto Yoshiya , Kyozuka Junko 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Strigolactone is the collective name for compounds containing a butenolide as a part of their structure, first discovered as compounds that induce seed germination of root parasitic plants. They were later found to be rhizosphere signaling molecules that induce hyphal branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and, finally, they emerged as a class of plant hormones. Strigolactones are found in root exudates, where they display a great variability in their chemical structure. Their structure varies among plant species, and multiple strigolactones can exist in one species. Over 30 strigolactones have been identified, yet the chemical structure of the strigolactone that functions as an endogenous hormone and is found in the above-ground parts of plants remains unknown. We discuss our current knowledge of the synthetic pathways of diverse strigolactones and their regulation, as well as recent progress in identifying strigolactones as plant hormones. Strigolactone is perceived by the DWARF14 (D14), receptor, an α/β hydrolase which originated by gene duplication of KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2). D14 and KAI2 signaling pathways are partially overlapping paralogous pathways. Progress in understanding the signaling mechanisms mediated by two α/β hydrolase receptors as well as remaining challenges in the field of strigolactone research are reviewed.
A novel fluorescent protein pair facilitates FLIM-FRET analysis of plant immune receptor interaction under native conditions
Authors: Petutschnig Elena Kristin , Pierdzig Leon , Mittendorf Josephine , Niebisch Jule Meret , Lipka Volker 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Elucidating protein–protein interactions is crucial for our understanding of molecular processes within living organisms. Microscopy-based techniques can detect protein–protein interactions in vivo at the single-cell level and provide information on their subcellular location. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM)-Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is one of the most robust imaging approaches, but it is still very challenging to apply this method to proteins which are expressed under native conditions. Here we describe a novel combination of fluorescence proteins (FPs), mCitrine and mScarlet-I, which is ideally suited for FLIM-FRET studies of low abundance proteins expressed from their native promoters in stably transformed plants. The donor mCitrine displays excellent brightness in planta, near-mono-exponential fluorescence decay, and a comparatively long fluorescence lifetime. Moreover, the FRET pair has a good spectral overlap and a large Förster radius. This allowed us to detect constitutive as well as ligand-induced interaction of the Arabidopsis chitin receptor components CERK1 and LYK5 in a set of proof-of-principle experiments. Due to the good brightness of the acceptor mScarlet-I, the FP combination can be readily utilized for co-localization studies. The FP pair is also suitable for co-immunoprecipitation experiments and western blotting, facilitating a multi-method approach for studying and confirming protein–protein interactions.
Study of the fastest classical nova, V1674 Her: photoionization and morpho-kinemetic model analysis
Authors: Habtie Gesesew R , Das Ramkrishna , Pandey Ruchi , Ashok N M , Dubovsky Pavol A 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the results of the investigation of the nova V1674 Her (2021), recognized as the swiftest classical nova, with t2 ∼ 0.90 d. The distance to the nova is estimated to be 4.97 kpc. The mass and radius of the WD are calculated to be ∼1.36 M⊙ and ∼0.15 R⊕, respectively. Over the course of 1 month following the outburst, V1674 Her traversed distinct phases – pre-maxima, early decline, nebular, and coronal – displaying a remarkably swift transformation. The nebular lines emerged on day 10 making it the classical nova with the earliest observed commencement to date. We modelled the observed optical spectrum using the photoionization code cloudy. From the best-fitting model we deduced different physical and chemical parameters associated with the system. The temperature and luminosity of the central ionizing sources are found in the range of 1.99–2.34 × 105 K and 1.26–3.16 × 1038  erg s−1, respectively. Elements such as He , O , N , and Ne  are found to be overabundant compared to solar abundance in both the nebular and coronal phases. According to the model, Fe ii abundance diminishes while Ne abundance increases, potentially elucidating the rare hybrid transition between Fe and He/N nova classes. The ejected mass across all epochs spanned from 3.42 to 7.04 × 10−5 M⊙. Morpho-kinematic modelling utilizing shape revealed that the nova V1674 Her possesses a bipolar structure with an equatorial ring at the centre and an inclination angle of i = 67 ± 1.5°.
PhylteR: Efficient Identification of Outlier Sequences in Phylogenomic Datasets
Authors: Comte Aurore , Tricou Théo , Tannier Eric , Joseph Julien , Siberchicot Aurélie , Penel Simon , Allio Rémi , Delsuc Frédéric , Dray Stéphane , de Vienne Damien M 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn phylogenomics, incongruences between gene trees, resulting from both artifactual and biological reasons, can decrease the signal-to-noise ratio and complicate species tree inference. The amount of data handled today in classical phylogenomic analyses precludes manual error detection and removal. However, a simple and efficient way to automate the identification of outliers from a collection of gene trees is still missing. Here, we present PhylteR, a method that allows rapid and accurate detection of outlier sequences in phylogenomic datasets, i.e. species from individual gene trees that do not follow the general trend. PhylteR relies on DISTATIS, an extension of multidimensional scaling to 3 dimensions to compare multiple distance matrices at once. In PhylteR, these distance matrices extracted from individual gene phylogenies represent evolutionary distances between species according to each gene. On simulated datasets, we show that PhylteR identifies outliers with more sensitivity and precision than a comparable existing method. We also show that PhylteR is not sensitive to ILS-induced incongruences, which is a desirable feature. On a biological dataset of 14,463 genes for 53 species previously assembled for Carnivora phylogenomics, we show (i) that PhylteR identifies as outliers sequences that can be considered as such by other means, and (ii) that the removal of these sequences improves the concordance between the gene trees and the species tree. Thanks to the generation of numerous graphical outputs, PhylteR also allows for the rapid and easy visual characterization of the dataset at hand, thus aiding in the precise identification of errors. PhylteR is distributed as an R package on CRAN and as containerized versions (docker and singularity).
Cold-Driven Hemoglobin Evolution in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes Prior to Hemoglobin Gene Loss in White-Blooded Icefishes
Authors: Desvignes Thomas , Bista Iliana , Herrera Karina , Landes Audrey , Postlethwait John H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Expression of multiple hemoglobin isoforms with differing physiochemical properties likely helps species adapt to different environmental and physiological conditions. Antarctic notothenioid fishes inhabit the icy Southern Ocean and display fewer hemoglobin isoforms, each with less affinity for oxygen than temperate relatives. Reduced hemoglobin multiplicity was proposed to result from relaxed selective pressure in the cold, thermally stable, and highly oxygenated Antarctic waters. These conditions also permitted the survival and diversification of white-blooded icefishes, the only vertebrates living without hemoglobin. To understand hemoglobin evolution during adaptation to freezing water, we analyzed hemoglobin genes from 36 notothenioid genome assemblies. Results showed that adaptation to frigid conditions shaped hemoglobin gene evolution by episodic diversifying selection concomitant with cold adaptation and by pervasive evolution in Antarctic notothenioids compared to temperate relatives, likely a continuing adaptation to Antarctic conditions. Analysis of hemoglobin gene expression in adult hematopoietic organs in various temperate and Antarctic species further revealed a switch in hemoglobin gene expression underlying hemoglobin multiplicity reduction in Antarctic fish, leading to a single hemoglobin isoform in adult plunderfishes and dragonfishes, the sister groups to icefishes. The predicted high hemoglobin multiplicity in Antarctic fish embryos based on transcriptomic data, however, raises questions about the molecular bases and physiological implications of diverse hemoglobin isoforms in embryos compared to adults. This analysis supports the hypothesis that the last common icefish ancestor was vulnerable to detrimental mutations affecting the single ancestral expressed alpha- and beta-globin gene pair, potentially predisposing their subsequent loss.
Middle English Lyric
Authors: Kuczynski Michael P. 
Published: October 2023

Middle English lyrics (c 1200–1500) are short, emotive poems that take up sacred or profane topics, usually in relation to themes of love and death. Some scholars widen the genre to involve shorter historical and political poems. This widening, however, is problematic: it ignores the density of emotional expression that for most readers is typical of lyric poetry and renders the term “lyric” unnecessarily vague. The term derives from a Greek word for a stringed musical instrument and was not applied to medieval poetry until the sixteenth century. Only a few Middle English lyrics survive with musical accompaniment, although some were written to be sung. Many of the poems exhibit musical qualities—for example, lively or incantatory rhythms. They acquire these from ingenious combinations of simple sound effects, such as alliteration, assonance, and rhyme, as well as from repetition, including regular patterns of stresses in short lines and stanzas that end in refrains. Such features make the poems memorable, if not singable. By numbers, lyric is the largest genre of Middle English writing. Over two thousand lyrics survive, in single and multiple versions, across all the Middle English dialects and primarily in manuscript copies. Lyrics survive less often in other material contexts, too—as inscriptions on walls, in stained glass, or on pottery. New lyrics continue to be discovered by scholars. By a ratio of about five to one, the vast majority of lyrics are religious rather than secular. Their poets, who are learned, emphasize feelings about ideas rather than ideas themselves, although some religious lyrics engage points of theology in sophisticated ways. There are more named authors of religious than of secular lyrics, but most lyrics are anonymous. This circumstance lends an air of mystery to their verses and encourages sometimes conflicting interpretations of unambiguous poems. Several canonical Middle English authors wrote lyrics of distinction: for instance, the Yorkshire hermit Richard Rolle (d. 1349) and the author of the Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer (d. 1400). Whether anonymous or named, the poets adopt personas whose moods become the focus of their poems. These are subtle in lyrics where superior poets master the challenge of using conventional meters, diction, and imagery in distinctive ways. Overall, the quality of the Middle English lyric corpus is highly uneven. The best lyrics command attention because they sustain an impression of affective immediacy that exceeds the constraints of simple verse. Accomplished lyrics suggest a reflective interiority and deep engagement with oft-pondered subjects. Middle English lyrics cover a wide stylistic range, from plain through decorated verse. Dating of the poems is approximate: the lyrics themselves provide scant internal evidence of when they were composed. Manuscript date, where this is known, should not be mistaken for date of composition.
Siena
Authors: Nevola Fabrizio 
Published: October 2023

Unusual in Italy for being a city that has very little evidence of classical origins, scholarly attention for the history of Siena has tended to focus on the late-medieval period, when it was stably governed by a group of elected officials known as the “Nine” (1287–1355). The century leading up to the Black Death (1348) was characterized by the establishment of sophisticated civic institutions, significant demographic growth, the expansion of its territorial base (contado), and the city’s rapid development as a commercial center with a strong banking sector. More recent scholarship has re-evaluated the importance of this independent city state through the Renaissance period, until it was conquered by the Imperial forces of Emperor Charles V (1555), who then ceded the city to Duke Cosimo de’ Medici to form part of the Medici dominions (1557). Until this time, Sienese politics were marked by complex wrangling between rival factions, although the republican system prevailed—with an intermission during the ascendancy of the quasi-prince Pandolfo Petrucci (c. 1503–1512) and his heirs (to 1525)—until its loss of independence. With Medici control imposed by external governors, local institutions lost much of their significance and the city’s cultural and ritual life became rather more isolated and inward-looking. Siena was positioned between the papal state (south) and Florence (north), and the via Francigena trade and pilgrimage axis toward Rome ran through the state, providing an important reason for through traffic of passing dignitaries as well as the major route to markets in northern Europe. A lasting rivalry with neighboring Florence marked Siena’s political, commercial, and cultural life, and at least some scholarship has dwelt on comparison between the two centers. While the larger neighbor has certainly drawn much more research activity, Siena’s banking families (e.g., Spannocchi and Chigi), religious élites (e.g., popes Pius II and Pius III Piccolomini), and holy people (e.g., Sts. Bernardine and Catherine) provide some indication of the degree to which the city deserves further attention, likely to be rewarded from the rich seams of evidence in its well-ordered archives.