bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comorbidity between eating disorders and anxiety disorders: A review
Authors: Godart N. T. , Flament M. F. , Perdereau F. , Jeammet P. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractObjectiveWe conducted a critical literature review on studies assessing the prevalence of anxiety disorders (AD) in subjects with eating disorders (ED) (anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa). In the first part, we discuss methodological issues relevant to comorbidity studies between ED and AD. In the second part, taking into account these methodological considerations raised, we summarize the findings of these studies.MethodWe performed a manual and computerized search (Medline) for all published studies on comorbidity between ED and AD, limiting our search from 1985–2001 to get sufficiently homogeneous diagnostic criteria for both categories of disorders.ResultsToo few studies include control groups and few studies have compared diagnostic subgroups of ED subjects, with scarce or conflicting results.DiscussionWe discuss the results taking into account the methodological problems observed. We give guidelines for reviewing the results of published studies and planing future research. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 253–270, 2002.
The situational inventory of body‐image dysphoria: Psychometric evidence and development of a short form
Authors: Cash Thomas F. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractObjectiveAmong the facets of the multidimensional body‐image construct is the experience of dysphoric emotions about the body in specific situational contexts. The present article reviews the evidence concerning a unique measure of this facet, the Situational Inventory of Body‐Image Dysphoria (SIBID).MethodThe reliability and validity of the SIBID were examined across multiple studies conducted by the author. Because the 48‐item length of this measure may preclude its use by some researchers, a 20‐item short‐form was developed and evaluated.ResultsFindings consistently confirmed the SIBID's internal consistency, stability, and convergent, discriminant, and construct validity. The short form was found to be a psychometrically sound alternative to the longer version.DiscussionThe SIBID has utility in assessing negative body‐image affect. Its use in research with both clinical and nonclinical populations is encouraged. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 362–366, 2002.
Fractures in patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and other eating disorders—A nationwide register study
Authors: Vestergaard Peter , Emborg Charlotte , Støving René K. , Hagen Claus , Mosekilde Leif , Brixen Kim 
Published: September 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo study fracture risk in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), or eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS).MethodCohort study including all Danes diagnosed with AN (n = 2,149), BN (n = 1,294), or EDNOS (n = 942) between 1977 and 1998. Each patient was compared with three randomly drawn age‐ and gender‐matched control subjects.ResultsFracture risk was increased in AN after diagnosis compared to controls (incidence rate ratio: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.60–2.44), but not before. The increased fracture risk persisted more than 10 years after diagnosis. A significant increase in fracture risk was found before diagnosis in BN (1.31, 95% CI: 1.04–1.64), with a trend towards an increase after diagnosis (1.44, 95% CI: 0.93–2.22). EDNOS patients had a significant increase in fracture risk before (1.39, 95% CI: 1.06–1.81) and after diagnosis (1.77, 95% CI: 1.25–2.51).DiscussionThe increased fracture risk many years after diagnosis indicates permanent skeletal damage. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 301–308, 2002.
All‐optical logic elements containing nonlinear material
Authors: Yabu Tetsuro , Nishida Kazuhiro , Geshiro Masahiro , Sawa Shinnosuke 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFor a highly information‐oriented society, further enhancement of the capacity and speed of communications and information systems is necessary. For this purpose, all‐optical logic elements are expected as a promising solution. In this paper, structures of new all‐optical logic elements using a nonlinear medium with its index of refraction varying with the optical intensity are proposed and their properties are analyzed. Most of the all‐optical logic elements based on nonlinear materials proposed to date either make use of more than two wavelengths or require a specific phase condition (such as 0° or 180°) for combined lightwaves with identical wavelengths. It is extremely difficult to fix the phase difference between the two lightwaves to be combined. This is a significant problem in practical fabrication. In this paper, all‐optical logic elements are proposed in which only one wavelength is used and no specific phase relationship is required. For the numerical analysis, the FD‐BPM (Finite Difference Beam Propagation Method) based on the Padé) (1, 1) approximation is used. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(9): 1–12, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10048
Speech recognition based on HMM decomposition and composition method with a microphone array in noisy reverberant environments
Authors: Miki Kazuhiko , Nishiura Takanobu , Nakamura Satoshi , Shikano Kiyohiro 
Published: September 2002

AbstractHandling background noise or echo (reverberation) etc. is very important for having an automated robot etc. recognize remote speech in a real environment. As effective schemes for handling this problem, noise reducing schemes such as model adaptation schemes including HMM decomposition and composition or microphone array (beamformer) signal processing, spectral subtraction, etc. have been proposed. In particular, a model adaptation scheme is very effective for speech recognition in a noisy environment and its recognition performance increases in proportion to the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, improving the recognition performance in a low‐SNR environment by receiving speech at a high SNR using a microphone array before HMM decomposition and composition is attempted. The results of speech recognition experiments conducted in a noisy environment in an acoustic laboratory show an improvement in the recognition rate of about 25% by the proposed method for the case in which the SNR in a single microphone is 0 dB, as compared with the cases of using microphone array signal processing, HMM decomposition and composition alone. In addition, the proposed method shows recognition performance comparable to the case of using cepstrum mean normalization and spectral subtraction performed with an optimal coefficient given to the speech after microphone array processing. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(9): 13–22, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10068
Digital watermarking technique using block correlation of DCT coefficients
Authors: Choi Yoonki , Aizawa Kiyoharu 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn recent years, high‐quality digital media have spread rapidly. Accompanying the diffusion of digital media which can be simply copied and edited without deterioration of quality, research on digital watermarking techniques is being pursued as a means of preventing illegal copying and protecting copyright. In this paper, we will propose a technique for digital watermarking dealing with color images. The embedding of watermark information by the proposed technique is performed by using interblock correlation of the DCT coefficients of the brightness of a color image, and the strength of the watermark information to be embedded will vary with the visual features of the image. It is strongly embedded at places where there are intense changes of the brightness value and is weakly embedded at places where there are only mild changes of the brightness value. Since no distinction between the original image and the image in which the watermark information is embedded can be made visually, third‐party estimation of the position where the embedding is performed is very difficult. Moreover, detection of the embedded watermark information can be performed without referring to the original image and the parameters used in embedding. It has been confirmed by experiments that the watermark information embedded by the proposed technique is robust to JPEG compression and Gaussian noise. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(9): 23–31, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10069
“Optimal” neural representation of higher order for traveling salesman problems
Authors: Matsuda Satoshi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe optimal formulation has been shown based on theoretical measure when the combinatorial optimization problem with linear cost function is solved by a symmetrically connected neural network (Hopfield network)15; however, in this paper, we will present an optimal formulation of higher order for traveling salesman problems defined by a quadratic cost function. The Hopfield neural network constructed by this formulation becomes higher order, and the asymptotic stability and the optimal solution will coincide so far as the vertex of the hypercube which expresses the network state is concerned. Therefore, an optimal solution can always be obtained if the network converges to the vertex. We will confirm by simulations that a good solution of the optimal solutions can be obtained with higher frequency compared to the conventional formulation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(9): 32–42, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www. interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10070
An effective terrain model for web‐based 3D geographic information systems
Authors: Araya Shinji , Hyunsuk Jin , Araya Ryo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe needs of three‐dimensional implementation and WWW‐based geographic information systems are increasing. In this paper, we propose a flexible and efficient VRML‐based terrain model. In the proposed model, by placing side by side the terrain models (tiles) of fixed size in 3D space, the simplification of display range change, the utilization of a caring mechanism, and the attachment of an automatic changeover mechanism for the level of detail of the model will become possible. Each tile is modeled by combining multiple grid models, and the useless polygons in the sea and lakes are curtailed. Moreover, we propose an automatic changeover mechanism of the level of detail of the model, which regenerates the shape features of the terrain objects such as square and flat. Furthermore, for curtailing the transmitted data, we also propose a method for automatically generating simplified models from the detailed model on WWW terminal side. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is shown by 3D spatial navigation experiments using automatic viewpoint motion. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(9): 43–52, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10071
Low‐bit‐rate image coding with metaballs
Authors: Masukura Koichi , Kumazawa Itsuo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAs new coding methods using the two‐dimensional structure of images instead of JPEG which is an image coding method based on signal processing, the coding methods using sketch‐based coding or region splitting have been attracting attention in recent years. However, in these techniques, it is difficult to represent with good efficiency the image composed of complicated gradations. Accordingly, in this paper, will extend the metaballs which can represent arbitrary functional shapes efficiently to the image representation by density sum of the multiple distribution functions, and propose an image coding scheme using them. Moreover, we have performed a comparison with JPEG for performance evaluation of the proposed technique; as a result, it has become clear that the image quality of the proposed technique is excellent especially at low bit rates. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(9): 53–62, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10072
A WWW‐based melody retrieval system
Authors: Sonoda Tomonari , Goto Masataka , Muraoka Yoichi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper discusses a system that operates on the WWW and retrieves the song title from the melody of a song. In retrieval from a sung tune, it is not always true that the input melody information (such as pitch and span) is exact. The result of coarse conversion of the input data to the melody information based on thresholds is used as the retrieval key, and the matching to a song in the database is attempted. It has been difficult, however, to define adequate thresholds. In particular, it has been difficult to derive effective retrieval keys for the span. It has also been difficult to make the process converge toward the correct solution by using the coarse information. From such a viewpoint, this study proposes the following two approaches in matching: (1) A method is presented to set optimal thresholds for deriving an effective retrieval key. (2) A matching procedure to restrict precisely the candidates for the correct song from the database song is presented. Retrieval with a higher matching accuracy than in the conventional method is realized, and a system that can be utilized by multiple users on the WWW is constructed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(9): 63–74, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10073
Construction of a geothermal power generation model based on characteristics of geothermal steam wells and its applications
Authors: Nakamura Masatoshi , Kajiwara Masaru , Goto Satoru , Jitsuhara Sadayuki , Hatazaki Hironori 
Published: September 2002

AbstractElectricity generation in geothermal power plants depends on the characteristics of geothermal steam wells. In this research, a geothermal power generation model was constructed based on the characteristics of the steam well, and the generation of electricity was estimated precisely by the constructed model. Many applications of the geothermal power generation model are introduced. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(3): 39–49, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10039
Quantitative evaluation of perpendicular‐field losses in stacked high‐Tc superconducting tapes
Authors: Kajikawa Kazuhiro , Nishimura Motoaki , Moriyama Hiroyuki , Iwakuma Masataka , Funaki Kazuo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe influence of stacks of Bi‐2223 multifilamentary tape‐shaped wires without twisting on AC losses observed in an external magnetic field perpendicular to their wide faces is investigated. The perpendicular‐field losses decrease with increasing number of tapes in the range of small field amplitudes. At larger amplitudes, on the other hand, the AC losses have little dependence on the stack number. This can be attributed to the effect of magnetic interaction between wires. By taking into account effective demagnetization factors on the basis of theoretical consideration, the perpendicular‐field losses are plotted on a master curve for the maximum magnetic field applied to the wires. Furthermore, the perpendicular‐field losses measured as a function of the field amplitude are well reproduced by the numerical evaluation of AC losses for a slab with infinitely wide surfaces. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(3): 50–57, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10050
Studies of characteristics and design of superconducting fault current limiter with adjustable trigger current level in current limiting operation
Authors: Hatta Hiroyuki , Nitta Tanzo , Shirai Yasuyuki , Fujikawa Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSuperconducting fault current limiters (SCFCLs) are expected to improve not only reliability but also stability of power systems. To introduce an SCFCL in a power system, various specifications such as trigger current level, impedance in current limiting operation, recovery time, and so on are necessary. Fault analyses point out that accuracy of the trigger current level is necessary. Therefore, an SCFCL of a transformer type with adjustable trigger current level was proposed and manufactured. Using the trial SCFCL, adjustability of the trigger current level was confirmed. It is found that the SCFCL has good limiting and recovery characteristics. In this paper, characteristics of the SCFCL are considered from a design point of view. Most of the specifications necessary for design depend on the characteristics in current limiting operation. Therefore, the characteristics of the SCFCL in current limiting operation are discussed. It is shown that this kind of SCFCL has good property for easy design, and its design principle is summarized. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(3): 30–38, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10054
A new position‐sensorless position control method for high‐speed spindle systems
Authors: Shinnaka Shinji 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper proposes a new position‐sensorless position control method for high‐speed spindle drive systems. Mechanical vulnerability of position sensors such as an encoder mounted on a spindle motor is becoming a serious problem as required speed increases. For high speeds above 1500 rad/s, sensorless drive is preferred. It is possible for current technologies to control spindle motor in speed control mode without the sensor, but not in position control mode without the sensor. In the example of high‐speed spindle systems of automatic machine tools, implements must be automatically attached to and removed from the spindle at standstill. Automation necessitates position control, for which current technologies require a sensor. The proposed method makes it possible to realize pure sensorless high‐speed spindle systems performing in both speed and a position control modes. The method can attain a position control performance with quick settling from speed control and a repetitive positioning precision of 0.006 rad, 0.4°, which is comparable to that achieved by current sensor‐based methods. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(3): 58–69, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10059
A particle simulation of negative corona discharge in SF6 gas
Authors: Sasano Shuichi , Cho Mengu 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn order to study partial discharge phenomena in a gas‐insulated system, we have developed a simulation code using the MC‐PIC (Monte Carlo Particle‐in‐Cell) method. The MC‐PIC code can simulate ionization and attachment in a nonuniform unsteady electric field with sufficient quantitative accuracy by considering collision cross‐section data as close as possible to the real data. A negative DC corona discharge in SF6 is simulated. The electric field is distorted near the rod electrode once the corona discharge starts, because the positive ions and negative ions are polarized near the rod electrode after the electron avalanche ends. The electric field strength decreases in comparison with the initial condition due to the negative space charge. The image current due to the motion of electrons dominates the current pulse. The simulation result agrees well with the experimental result. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(3): 1–8, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10065
Cutting plane methods for Lagrangian relaxation‐based unit commitment algorithm
Authors: Murai Masahiko , Kato Masakazu 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we study cutting plane methods for a Lagrangian relaxation‐based unit commitment algorithm. In the algorithm, nondifferentiable optimization methods can be applied to optimize the dual function, and a subgradient method which needs parameter tuning and has some drawbacks such as computational inefficiency and oscillating behavior is commonly used. The cutting plane method and the central cutting plane method are applied to the algorithm and implemented using reoptimization techniques. A numerical example shows that both methods are accelerated by the reoptimization techniques and have good convergence without parameter tuning. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(3): 17–29, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10066
Induction of the SOS response in starved Escherichia coli
Authors: Janion Celina , Sikora (nee Wójcik) Anna , Nowosielska Anetta , Grzesiuk Elżbieta 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe SOS system in Escherichia coli is induced in response to DNA damage and the arrest of DNA synthesis. Here we show that in AB1157 bacteria starved for arginine, conditions for induction of adaptive mutations, the LexA‐dependent SOS system is induced, but that this occurs only when the bacteria resume growth and when the source of carbon is glycerol rather than glucose (glycerol, but not glucose, enables synthesis of cAMP). Therefore, we conclude that starved cells accumulate some lesions in DNA, which in growth conditions may trigger SOS induction by a process that is cAMP‐dependent. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 40:129–133, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Removal of benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE)‐DNA adducts as a measure of DNA repair capacity in lymphoblastoid cell lines from sisters discordant for breast cancer
Authors: Motykiewicz Grazyna , Faraglia Beatrice , Wang Lian Wen , Terry Mary Beth , Senie Ruby T. , Santella Regina M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe mutagen sensitivity assay is one of the approaches used to investigate individual DNA repair capacity. This method is based on the premise that after in vitro treatment with a test mutagen, DNA from subjects with defective repair will be more damaged than DNA from those with an efficient repair system. However, very little is known about unmeasured processes that occur between cell treatment and final assessment of DNA damage. To develop a more precise assay, we modified the traditional mutagen sensitivity assay to also include measurement of DNA damage after culturing cells in the absence of mutagen. First, we treated apparently normal and xeroderma pigmentosum lymphoblastoid cell lines with various doses of benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE) and harvested cells at different time points. A polyclonal antiserum against BPDE‐DNA was used to quantitate levels of adducts by immunoslot‐blot and immunohistochemistry. Selected conditions included treatment with 10 μM BPDE, a 4‐hr culture in mutagen‐free medium, and immunohistochemical measurement of BPDE‐DNA adducts. The method was then applied in a pilot study to 50 lymphoblastoid lines from sisters discordant for breast cancer. There was no significant difference between cases and controls in the level of BPDE‐DNA adducts in lymphoblasts harvested immediately after BPDE treatment. However, after a 4‐hr culture in mutagen‐free medium, the level of adducts was significantly higher (P = 0.006) among cases than in controls. There was a two‐fold increase in mean adduct removal in lines from nonaffected as compared to affected sisters (44% and 22% decrease, respectively). DNA repair capacity was predictive of case status (P = 0.04) in logistic regression analysis. This method, which can be easily applied to large numbers of samples, should be useful in studies to investigate the role of DNA repair in cancer risk. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 40:93–100, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.