bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social‐cognitive mediators of the relation of environmental and emotion regulation factors to children's aggression
Authors: Musher‐Eizenman Dara R. , Boxer Paul , Danner Stephanie , Dubow Eric F. , Goldstein Sara E. , Heretick Donna M.L. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractTested a theoretical model in which social cognitions about aggression partially mediated the relation of environmental and emotion regulation factors to children's aggressive behavior. An ethnically diverse sample of 778 children (57% girls) in grades 4–6 from both urban and suburban schools participated. Measures included exposure to aggression (seeing/hearing about aggression, victimization), emotion regulation (impulsivity, anger control), social cognitions about aggression (self‐evaluation, self‐efficacy, retaliation approval, aggressive fantasizing, caring about consequences), and aggressive behavior. Results supported the hypothesis that social cognitions mediate the relations of exposure to aggression and anger control to aggressive behavior. Also, social cognitions about direct and indirect aggression differentially predicted the respective behaviors with which they are associated. That is, social cognitions about direct aggression were mediators of direct aggressive behavior, whereas social cognitions about indirect aggression were mediators of indirect aggressive behavior. Finally, gender moderated the relations among the variables such that for girls, retaliation approval beliefs were a strong mediator, whereas for boys, self‐evaluation was more important. Aggr. Behav. 30:389–408, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Concurrent and prospective effects of multi‐dimensional aggression and anger on adolescent alcohol use
Authors: Swaim Randall C. , Deffenbacher Jerry L. , Wayman Jeffrey C. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between alcohol, anger, and aggression in high school students. Anger and three types of aggressive expression (verbal, physical toward people, and physical toward objects) were evaluated cross‐sectionally and prospectively, via structural equation modeling for relationships to alcohol use in Mexican American and white non‐Latino 9–10th (Time 1) and 11–12th grade (Time 2) students. At both times cross‐sectionally, anger and aggressive anger expression tended to correlate positively with alcohol use in each ethnicity/gender group. However, prospectively, aggressive forms of anger expression tended not to be related to alcohol use two years later. Only verbally aggressive anger expression was related to alcohol use two years later and then, only for Mexican American and white non‐Latino females. There was, therefore, little basis for causal links between aggressive anger expression and alcohol use in a general population of high school students. Aggress. Behav. 30:356–372, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On new parametrization methods for the estimation of linear state–space models
Authors: Ribarits T. , Deistler M. , Hanzon B. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn this paper we introduce two variants of a new parametrization for state–space systems which we will both call separable least squares data driven local co‐ordinates (slsDDLC). SlsDDLC is obtained by modifying the parametrization by data driven local co‐ordinates (DDLC). These modifications lead to analogous parametrizations, and we show how they can be used for a suitably concentrated likelihood criterion function. The concentration step can be done by an ordinary or generalized least squares step. An obvious consequence is the reduced number of parameters in the iterative search algorithm. The application of the parametrizations to maximum likelihood identification is exemplified. Simulations indicate that the usage of slsDDLC for concentrated likelihood functions has numerical advantages as compared to the usage of the more commonly used echelon canonical form or conventional DDLC for the likelihood function. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recursive subspace identification based on instrumental variable unconstrained quadratic optimization
Authors: Mercère G. , Lecoeuche S. , Lovera M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe problem of the recursive formulation of the MOESP class of subspace identification algorithms is considered and two novel instrumental variable approaches are introduced. The first one leads to an RLS‐like implementation, the second to a gradient type iteration. The relative merits of both approaches are analysed and discussed, while simulation results are used to compare their performance with one of the existing techniques. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal adaptive controller for systems with delay
Authors: Lo Kueiming , Kimura Hidenori 
Published: September 2004

AbstractStochastic adaptive d‐step‐ahead optimal control is analyzed in this paper. An adaptive controller using the least squares (LS) algorithm and an input matching technique is proposed to combine the globally convergent estimation character of the adaptive tracking and optimally‐based input specification behavior by using a d‐step‐ahead quadratic cost function. The identification convergence rate of the parameter estimation is based on the LS algorithm. With adaptive control, the d‐step‐ahead closed‐loop stochastic system is globally stable and the adaptive controller converges to the d‐step‐ahead optimal controller. Lastly, the consistency of parameter estimators is analyzed and the convergence rate of parameter estimation is obtained. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in never‐smoking animal farmers working inside confinement buildings
Authors: Monsó Eduard , Riu Elena , Radon Katja , Magarolas Ramon , Danuser Brigitta , Iversen Martin , Morera Josep , Nowak Dennis 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBackgroundIn animal farming, respiratory disease has been associated with indoor air contaminants and an excess in FEV1 decline. Our aim was to determine the characteristics and risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in never‐smoking European farmers working inside animal confinement buildings.MethodsA sample of participants in the European Farmers' Study was selected for a cross‐sectional study assessing lung function and air contaminants. Dose–response relationships were assessed using logistic regression models.ResultsCOPD was found in 18 of 105 farmers (45.1 SD 11.7 years) (17.1%); 8 cases (7.6%) with moderate and 3 cases (2.9%) with severe disease. Dust and endotoxin showed a dose–response relationship with COPD, with the highest prevalence of COPD in subjects with high dust (low = 7.9%/high = 31.6%) and endotoxin exposure (low = 10.5%/high = 20.0%). This association was statistically significant for dust in the multivariate analysis (OR 6.60, 95% CI 1.10–39.54).ConclusionCOPD in never‐smoking animal farmers working inside confinement buildings is related to indoor dust exposure and may become severe. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:357–362, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel aspartyl proteinase associated to fat body histolysis during Ceratitis capitata early metamorphosis
Authors: Rabossi Alejandro , Stoka Veronika , Puizdar Vida , Turk Vito , Quesada‐Allué Luis A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractDuring larva to adult transition, the larval fat body of the Medfly (Ceratitis capitata) progressively disintegrates to be replaced by the adult one, after imago ecdysis. Here we show that a temporal correlation exists among the microscopy images of fat body progressive disintegration, the activation of fat body lysosomes (as judged by acid phosphatase activity), and the activity of a novel fat body aspartyl proteinase. The enzyme was purified and partially characterized. This proteinase exhibited a wide range of acid isoforms with isoelectric points from 5.6 to 7.3, an optimum pH of 3.0 for hemoglobin digestion, and was completely inhibited by pepstatin A. The apparent molecular weight was estimated (42 ± 1 kDa) and the protein was characterized as N‐glycosylated, judging from affinity to Concanavalin A. From the biochemical characteristics, the enzyme that we called “Early Metamorphosis Aspartyl Proteinase” (EMAP) appears to be similar to mammalian Cathepsin D. However, the N‐terminal sequence of EMAP showed no similarity with any known animal Cathepsins and exhibited an important instability to neutral and alkaline pH. This feature seems to be a peculiar characteristic of insect aspartyl proteinases. The temporal activity profile of EMAP during metamorphosis correlated well with the microscopy images of fat body cell autolytic death. Our data support the notion that EMAP is a metamorphosis‐specific lysosomal proteinase, mostly expressed during larval fat body histolysis. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 57:51–67, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phosphorylation of Rab proteins from the brain of Bombyx mori
Authors: Uno Tomohide , Nakao Atsushi , Katsurauma Chisato 
Published: September 2004

AbstractRab proteins play fundamental roles in the regulation of membrane traffic. Previously, from the brain of Bombyx mori we isolated two cDNA clones (BRab1 and BRab14), each of which encoded a different member of Rab‐protein family and was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using an affinity chromatography. In this study, one cDNA clone (BRab8) was isolated from a cDNA library from the brain of B. mori. The recombinant protein was expressed in E. coli and purified. Next, the phosphorylations of these three purified BRab proteins were examined, using mammalian protein kinases in vitro. Protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylated BRab8 and BRab14 proteins. Protein kinase A faintly phosphorylated BRab8 and BRab14 proteins. Calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase faintly phosphorylated BRab8 protein. Next, brains of B. mori were dissected and homogenized. The homogenate showed a calcium‐dependent protein kinase activity of BRab8 and BRab14 proteins. So PKC from the brain of B. mori was partially purified by a sequence of chromatographies on DEAE‐Cellulofine and affinity chromatography. This PKC phosphorylated BRab8 and BRab14 proteins . These results suggest that the function of Rab proteins in the brain of B. mori is regulated by calcium‐dependent protein kinases. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 57:68–77, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Disruption of pupariation and eclosion behavior in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata Parker (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), by venom from the ectoparasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
Authors: Rivers David B. , Zdarek Jan , Denlinger David L. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe action of venom from the ectoparasitic wasp, Nasonia vitripennis, was monitored by examining alterations in patterned muscular movements characteristic of pupariation and eclosion behavior in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata. Venom injected into larvae prior to pupariation caused a dose‐dependent delay in pupariation. Eventually, such larvae did pupariate, but puparia were abnormally formed. Barographic records revealed that all elements of pupariation behavior were present in venom‐injected larvae, but pupariation behavior was not well synchronized with tanning, thus implying that the venom caused disruption in the temporal organization of central motor programs. When larvae were ligated and injected with venom posterior to the ligature, no response was evident in the posterior region, suggesting that the venom does not directly stimulate muscles or neuromuscular junctions. Injection of exogenous ecdysteroid into venom‐injected larvae restored some elements of pupariation behavior, consistent with ecdysone's role in stimulating the release of anterior retraction factor and puparium tanning factor, two factors that are released from the CNS to regulate pupariation. When the venom was injected into newly emerged imagoes, the duration of extrication behavior was shortened, whereas all phases of post‐eclosion behavior were lengthened. These observations imply that the venom affects CNS centers that regulate the muscular systems engaged in extrication and post‐eclosion behavior. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 57:78–91, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bioavailability of divalproex extended‐release formulation relative to the divalproex delayed‐release formulation
Authors: Dutta Sandeep , Zhang Yiming 
Published: September 2004

AbstractDivalproex sodium extended‐release tablet (divalproex‐ER) is a novel formulation of the conventional divalproex sodium delayed‐release tablet (divalproex). In five multiple‐dose studies in healthy subjects (n=82) and epilepsy patients (n=86) the estimates of divalproex‐ER/divalproex ratios for steady‐state 24 h valproic acid area under the curve (AUC) central values, maximum concentration (Cmax) central values and minimum concentration (Cmin) means had ranges of 0.77–0.97, 0.71–0.87 and 0.78–1.03, respectively. These studies used different divalproex regimens (two, three or four times daily) and meal conditions (fasting, low, medium and high calorie meals). Divalproex‐ER was administered once daily. A meta‐analysis of divalproex‐ER/divalproex relative bioavailability across five studies under different meal conditions and divalproex dosing frequencies was performed. This meta‐estimate of relative bioavailability was used to provide dosing recommendations for conversion of patients from divalproex to divalproex‐ER. The estimatedAUC,CmaxandCmindivalproex‐ER/divalproex ratios (95% confidence interval) were 0.89 (0.85–0.94), 0.79 (0.74–0.84) and 0.96 (0.90–1.02), respectively. The food and divalproex regimen had no effect on the relative bioavailability. While switching from divalproex to divalproex‐ER, the divalproex‐ER daily dose may have to be increased by an average of 12% (calculated as 1.0/0.89) to achieve comparable plasma exposure. Since the divalproex‐ER dosage strengths (250 and 500 mg) are not 12% higher than the divalproex dosage strengths (125, 250 and 500 mg), an 8% to 20% higher divalproex‐ER daily dose should be considered for conversion from divalproex to divalproex‐ER. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of the bioavailability of 250 and 500 mg divalproex sodium extended‐release tablets in healthy volunteers
Authors: Dutta Sandeep , Zhang Yiming , Lee Lillian L. , O'Dea Robert 
Published: September 2004

AbstractDivalproex sodium extended‐release tablet (divalproex‐ER), 500 mg strength, is approved for use in the prophylaxis of migraine headaches and epilepsy. The bioavailability of novel 250 mg divalproex‐ER formulations, under development to allow greater flexibility in dosing, was compared with the available 500 mg divalproex‐ER in a single‐dose, fasting and nonfasting, randomized, open‐label, crossover study in healthy adult volunteers. One group of 15 subjects was dosed after a 10 h overnight fast and another group of 24 subjects was dosed after a high‐fat breakfast. Plasma valproic acid concentration‐time profiles were used to assess pharmacokinetics. Bioequivalence assessments were made via the 90% confidence interval for maximum plasma valproic acid concentration (Cmax) and the area under the concentration‐time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC∞). The relative bioavailability point estimates (90% confidence interval) for Cmax and AUC∞ were 1.05 (0.94–1.16) and 0.95 (0.83–1.09) under fasting conditions, and 1.01 (0.91–1.12) and 0.97 (0.87–1.08) under nonfasting conditions, respectively. The test 250 mg tablet formulation was bioequivalent to the reference 500 mg tablet formulation, under both fasting and nonfasting conditions, as the 90% confidence intervals for both Cmax and AUC∞ were within the 0.80–1.25 interval. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heterologous desensitization of insulin secretion by GIP (glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide) in INS‐1 cells: the significance of Gαi2 and investigations on the mechanism involved
Authors: Rucha A. , Verspohl E. J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractHeterologous desensitization is a term that describes the observation that chronic exposure of a cell to an agonist attenuates its response to other agonists. To characterize the cellular mechanisms that might be responsible for heterologous desensitization in an insulin secretory cell system (INS‐1), we investigated the link between G‐protein αi2 level and insulin secretion as the biological effect after prolonged incubation with glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Persistent activation (8 h) of the GIP signalling pathway decreased the GLP (glucagon‐like peptide)‐1 dependent insulin secretion (specific radioimmunoassay) accompanied by an upregulation of G‐protein αi2 protein level to about 126% whereas G‐protein αi3 and αs protein levels remained unchanged (assessed by Western blots using specific antibodies). This was accompanied by similar changes in Gαi2 mRNA. By using either the CaM kinase II inhibitor KN‐62, the calcineurin inhibitor FK 506 or the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor Rp‐8‐Br‐cAMPS, the GIP‐mediated Gαi2 mRNA increase was fully reversed. Heterologous desensitization of GLP‐1‐dependent insulin secretion by pretreatment with GIP, however, was not inhibited by calcium/calmodulin‐dependent enzymes (using KN‐62 and FK 506), but only by suppressing the cAMP/PKA signalling pathway using Rp‐8‐Br‐cAMPS. The outcome is not disturbed by effects initiated by these compounds per se since an 8‐h preincubation of cells did not affect glucose‐induced insulin secretion. We, therefore, suggest that heterologous desensitization in INS‐1 cells may be mediated by Gαi2 changes but depend on the cAMP/PKA signalling pathway probably distant form the Gαi2 protein. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EP24.15 interacts with the angiotensin II type I receptor and bradykinin B2 receptor
Authors: Shivakumar Bangalore R. , Wang Zoufei , Hammond Timothy G. , Harris Raymond C. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe carboxyl‐terminal cytoplasmic domain of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) is known to interact with several classes of intracellular proteins that may modulate receptor function. Employing yeast two‐hybrid screening of a human embryonic kidney cDNA library with the carboxyl‐terminal cytoplasmic domain of the AT1 receptor as a bait, we have isolated EP24.15 (EC 3.4.24.15, thimet oligopeptidase) as a potentially interacting protein. EP24.15 is widely distributed and is known to degrade bioactive peptides such as angiotensin I and II and bradykinin. In addition, EP24.15 was previously identified as a putative soluble angiotensin II binding protein. Two‐hybrid screening also determined that EP24.15 can interact with the B2 bradykinin receptor. Transient expression of EP24.15 in a porcine kidney epithelial cell line stably expressing full length AT1 and full length B2 followed by affinity chromatography and co‐immunoprecipitation confirmed EP24.15 association with both AT1 and B2 receptors. EP24.15 was also co‐immunoprecipitated with AT1 and B2 in rat kidney brush border membranes (BBM) and basolateral membranes (BLM). Both AT1 and B2 undergo ligand‐induced endocytosis. Analysis of endosomal fractions following immunoprecipitation with AT1 or B2 antibodies detected strong association of EP24.15 with the receptors in both light and heavy endosomal populations. Therefore, the present study indicates that EP24.15 associates with AT1 and B2 receptors both at the plasma membrane and after receptor internalization and suggests a possible mechanism for endosomal disposition of ligand that may facilitate receptor recycling. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct measurement of the passive stiffness of rat sperm and implications to the mechanism of the calcium response
Authors: Schmitz‐Lesich Kathleen A. , Lindemann Charles B. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractGlass microprobes were used to measure the stiffness of the flagella of Triton X‐100‐extracted rat sperm models. The sperm models were treated with 50 μM sodium vanadate and 0.1 mM Mg‐ATP to evaluate the stiffness of the passive flagellar structure without the influence of the dynein motor proteins. The passive stiffness was determined to be 4.6 (± 1.1) × 10−19 N × m2. Rat sperm models exposed to greater than 10−5 M calcium ions exhibit a strong bend in the basal 40 μm of the flagellum, resulting in a fishhook‐like appearance. The torque required to bend a passive rat sperm flagellum into the fishhook‐like configuration was determined. The result was compared to the previously published measurement of the torque required to straighten the flagella of rat sperm in the Ca2+‐induced fishhook configuration [Moritz et al., 2001: Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 49:33–40]. The torque required to induce a fishhook in a passive flagellum was 2.7 (± 0.7) × 10−14 N × m and the torque to straighten an active Ca2+‐induced fishhook was 2.6 (± 1.4) × 10−14 N × m. These values are identical within the limit of error of the measurement technique. This finding suggests that the fishhook configuration observed in the Ca2+ response of rat sperm is the result of a Newtonian equilibrium, where active torque produced by dynein is counterbalanced by an equal and opposite passive torque that results from bending the flagellum. Consistent with this mechanism, the Ca2+‐induced fishhook configuration is progressively relaxed by incremental increases in sodium vanadate concentration. This supports an active role of the dynein motors in producing the torque for the response. When rat sperm respond to Ca2+, the bend in the flagellum always forms in the direction opposite the curvature of the asymmetric sperm head. Based on this polarity, the bending torque for the Ca2+ response must result from the action of the dyneins on outer doublets 1 through 4. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 59:169–179, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular Origins of the Remarkable Chiral Sensitivity of Second‐Order Nonlinear Optics
Authors: Simpson Garth J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractRecent observations of remarkably large chiroptical effects in second‐harmonic generation (SHG) and sum‐frequency generation (SFG) measurements suggest exciting possibilities for the development of new chiral‐specific spectroscopies and novel chiral materials for nonlinear optics. Several fundamental studies designed to elucidate the molecular and macromolecular origins of the chiral responses are reviewed to provide a framework for development of this emerging field. In general, the chiral activity in SHG and SFG has the potential to arise from complex interactions between hosts of different competing effects. Fortunately, relatively simple electric dipole‐allowed mechanisms routinely dominate the nonlinear optical chiral activities of most practical systemsexpressions can often be generated to link the . This substantial reduction in complexity allows for the development of simple models connecting the macroscopic nonlinear optical response to intuitive molecular and supramolecular properties.