bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the overwintering ecology of the hazelnut pest, Palomena prasina (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in a perspective of Integrated Pest Management
Authors: Driss Laetitia , Hamidi Rachid , Andalo Christophe , Magro Alexandra 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPalomena prasina, the green shield bug (GSB), is widely distributed in the Eurosiberian region. In the Southwest of France, it is considered as a serious pest of hazelnuts, its feeding punctures lead to blank hazelnuts and kernel necrosis, causing heavy losses in commercial orchards. To date, no Integrated Pest Management strategy is available to control P. prasina. Control strategies often focus on the pests' spring–summer ecology, when they are in the field or in the vicinity of crops. However, the abundance of pest populations in crops is also related to their autumn‐winter ecology. The present work focussed on the autumn‐winter ecology of P. prasina to identify new opportunities for this pest suppression. We investigate (i) where P. prasina overwinters, (ii) if it aggregates in its overwintering sites and (iii) if it mates while overwintering. Samples were collected over a 2‐year period in different ecosystems (forests, hedges, orchards), in human‐made structures and habitats (litter, bushes/trees, dead trees). The reproductive status of GBS individuals was monitored in winter, and in spring when they emerged from overwintering sites. Our results show that 97% P. prasina adults overwinter in the leaf litter of orchards and natural ecosystems and that 70% overwinter individually. The abundance of GSB in those sites is negatively correlated with litter temperature and positively correlated with humidity levels. Furthermore, adults only mate after leaving their overwintering site. Finally, unexpectedly, there was an important number of overwintering adults hosting endoparasitoids (32%). The fact that GSB overwinters alone in the leaf litter means controlling its populations by destroying the overwintering sites is not a solution. All the same, our results point out some promising lines of research for developing methods to control P. prasina. First, the emergence traps, in particular the cone traps, proved efficient for collecting emerging adults and could be considered for monitoring. Moreover, our observations suggest the existence of long‐range mating signals that could be exploited for trapping. Last but not least, the important number of overwintering parasitised adults is a potential biocontrol avenue.
Analyzing the utility of renal replacement therapy to manage hepatorenal syndrome in alcoholic hepatitis without liver transplantation: a nationwide analysis
Authors: Farooq Umer , Tarar Zahid Ijaz , El Alayli Abdallah , Kamal Faisal , Niu Chengu , Qureshi Kamran 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundHepatorenal syndrome (HRS) frequently complicates alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and portends poor survival in this population. Published literature indicates mixed benefits from renal replacement therapy (RRT) for HRS refractory to medical management. Therefore, we sought to assess the utilization of RRT in AH and clinical outcomes at a national level.MethodsUsing the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD‐10) codes, we identified adult patients with AH with a coexisting diagnosis of HRS from the National Readmission Database 2016 through 2019. Mortality, morbidity, and resource utilization were compared. We compared proportions using the Fisher exact test and computed adjusted P‐values based on multivariate regression analysis. Analyses were performed using Stata, version 14.2, considering a two‐sided P < 0.05 as statistically significant.ResultsA total of 73 203 patients with AH were included in the analysis (mean age 46.2 years). A total of 3620 individuals had HRS diagnosis (5%), of which 14.7% (n: 532) underwent RRT. HRS patients receiving RRT had a higher mortality rate than those who did not (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3–2.6, P: 0.01), along with higher resource utilization. Only those patients with HRS who underwent liver transplantation (LT) experienced a mortality reduction (24.4% for those not receiving RRTs and 36.5% for those receiving RRT).ConclusionsRRT is associated with higher mortality and morbidity when offered to patients with AH and HRS, who do not undergo LT. Therefore, our results suggest careful selection of AH patients when deciding to initiate RRT for HRS.
Nurse practitioners' use of diagnostic imaging: A scoping review
Authors: Kearns Mary , Brennan Patrick , Buckley Thomas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the nature and extent of peer‐reviewed literature related to the use of diagnostic imaging by nurse practitioners (NPs) to inform future practice and research.BackgroundNurse practitioners undertake advanced assessment, diagnosis, and management of patients, including requesting and interpretation of diagnostic imaging. It is unclear what evidence exists related to the quality use of radiological investigations by NPs in recent years.DesignA scoping review based on the steps suggested by the Joanna Briggs Institute.MethodsA structured review of the databases Medline, CINAHL and Embase was undertaken using the keywords and MESH terms ‘nurse practitioner’, ‘medical imaging’, ‘diagnostic imaging’, ‘scan’ and ‘radiography’. Only English language articles were included, and no date limit was applied. Database review was completed on 30 May 2021.ResultsEight themes were identified—country and clinical context, requesting diagnostic imaging, performing diagnostic imaging, image‐guided interventions, interpreting diagnostic imaging, training education and knowledge, impact on resource usage and comparison with medical practitioners. There were more studies across a greater breadth of clinical specialties and imaging modalities in the United States than in other countries. Nurse practitioner practice is frequently benchmarked against that of medical colleagues. There is a paucity of studies focusing on educational preparation and the lack of relevant university curricula for NPs around diagnostic imaging.ConclusionThere are significant gaps in the evidence outside of the United States across several of the identified themes. Further studies are needed to explore NP access to and use of diagnostic imaging and to understand the barriers and facilitators to this.Relevance to Clinical PracticeStudies from four countries were included in this review. The evidence suggests that, where studied, nurse practitioners (NPs) can safely and appropriately request and interpret plain x‐rays in the emergency and minor injuries setting. Further research is needed to evaluate the educational needs of NPs in relation to diagnostic imaging and their use of advanced imaging techniques, particularly outside of the United States.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
The making of neoliberal legality: the legal imagination of business elites and the ‘social constitutionalization’ of ‘free enterprise’ in Latin America
Authors: VALENZUELA RICARDO , CORDERO RODRIGO 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe ‘free enterprise’ system is a normative cornerstone of many Latin American political constitutions and a formative principle of neoliberal legality. However, the way in which this economic model shapes the legal field and conceptions of the rule of law remains understudied. Though lawyers, judges, and legal experts have played an important role in the legal buttressing of the free enterprise model, this article explores the shaping of neoliberal legality from the periphery of the juridical system. We argue that the rise of neoliberal legality in Latin America owes much to the legal imaginary crafted by business associations. In line with this, we examine the ‘norm entrepreneurship’ undertaken since the 1940s by an organization barely noted in mainstream histories of neoliberalism: the Inter‐American Council for Commerce and Production (IACCP). Drawing on the concept of social constitutionalism and archival work, we investigate the IACCP's role in the struggle to give business activities social legitimacy and establish free enterprise as a socio‐legal norm and a source of public law.
Mappings of generalized finite distortion and continuity
Authors: Doležalová Anna , Kangasniemi Ilmari , Onninen Jani 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe study continuity properties of Sobolev mappings , , that satisfy the following generalized finite distortion inequality
for almost every . Here and are measurable functions. Note that when , we recover the class of mappings of finite distortion, which are always continuous. The continuity of arbitrary solutions, however, turns out to be an intricate question. We fully solve the continuity problem in the case of bounded distortion , where a sharp condition for continuity is that is in the Zygmund space for some . We also show that one can slightly relax the boundedness assumption on to an exponential class with , and still obtain continuous solutions when with . On the other hand, for all with , we construct a discontinuous solution with and , including an example with and .
Induction Toripalimab and Chemotherapy for Organ Preservation in Locally Advanced Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer: A Single-Arm Phase II Clinical Trial
Authors: Ou Xiaomin , Zhai Ruiping , Wei Wenjun , Chen Jiaying , Ou Dan , Liao Tian , Xu Tingting , Zhu Yongxue , Wang Yulong , Huang Shenglin , Shi Rongliang , Wu Bin , Chen Tongzhen , Li Yuan , Yang Zhongyi , Zhou Changming , Liu Yuan , Jiang Ziting , Zeng Min , Liu Xin , Ji Dongmei , Ying Hongmei , Zhang Zhen , Hu Chaosu , Lu Xueguan , Ji Qinghai , He Xiayun , Wang Yu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurpose:The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy, toxicities, and potential role of larynx preservation of induction chemotherapy combined with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor in locally advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer.Patients and Methods:This is a single-arm phase II study. Patients with histopathologically confirmed, resectable locally advanced laryngeal/hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status 0–1 were eligible. Three cycles of induction chemotherapy (paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 d1, cisplatin 25 mg/m2 d1–3) combined with PD-1 inhibitor (toripalimab 240 mg d0) were administered. Response assessment was performed after induction chemoimmunotherapy using RECIST 1.1 criteria. Patients with a complete/partial response of the primary tumor received concurrent chemoradiation, followed by maintenance therapy of toripalimab. Otherwise, patients were referred to surgery, followed by adjuvant (chemo) radiation and maintenance therapy of toripalimab. The primary endpoint is a larynx preservation rate at 3 months postradiation.Results:Twenty-seven patients were enrolled. Most cases exhibited stage IV disease (81.5%), with T4 representing 37.0%. Five patients underwent pretreatment tracheostomy because of impaired larynx function. Overall response rate of induction chemoimmunotherapy was 85.2%. At 3 months postradiation, the larynx preservation rate was 88.9%. With a median follow-up of 18.7 months, the 1-year overall survival rate, progression-free survival rate, and larynx preservation rate were 84.7%, 77.6%, and 88.7%, respectively. When excluding those with pretreatment tracheostomy, the 1-year larynx preservation rate was 95.5%. Exploratory analysis revealed that relapse correlated with enrichment of RNA signature of hypoxia and M2 macrophage–associated genes.Conclusions:Induction toripalimab combined with chemotherapy provided encouraging activity, promising larynx preservation rate and acceptable toxicity in this cohort of extensively locally advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer.
Radiation Synergizes with IL2/IL15 Stimulation to Enhance Innate Immune Activation and Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Li Xuefeng , Huntoon Kristin , Wang Yifan , Lee DaeYong , Dong Shiyan , Antony Abin , Walkey Carl , Kim Betty Y.S. , Jiang Wen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ionizing radiation is known to possess immune modulatory properties. However, how radiotherapy (RT) may complement with different types of immunotherapies to boost antitumor responses is unclear. In mice implanted with EO771 syngeneic tumors, NL-201 a stable, highly potent CD25-independent agonist to IL2 and IL15 receptors with enhanced affinity for IL2Rβγ was given with or without RT. Flow analysis and Western blot analysis was performed to determine the mechanisms involved. STING (−/−) and CD11c+ knockout mice were implanted with EO771 tumors to confirm the essential signaling and cell types required to mediate the effects seen. Combination of RT and NL-201 to enhance systemic immunotherapy with an anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor was utilized to determine tumor growth inhibition and survival, along characterization of tumor microenvironment as compared with all other treatment groups. Here, we showed that RT, synergizing with NL-201 produced enhanced antitumor immune responses in murine breast cancer models. When given together, RT and NL-201 enhanced activation of the cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of IFN genes (cGAS-STING) pathway, resulting in increased type I IFN production in dendritic cells (DC), and consequently greater tumor infiltration and more efficient priming of antigen-specific T cells. The immune stimulatory mechanisms triggered by NL-201 and RT resulted in superior tumor growth inhibition and survival benefit in both localized and metastatic cancers. Our results support further preclinical and clinical investigation of this novel synergism regimen in locally advanced and metastatic settings.
Sudden Cardiac Death in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes: A 20-Year Study
Authors: Petek Bradley J. , Churchill Timothy W. , Moulson Nathaniel , Kliethermes Stephanie A. , Baggish Aaron L. , Drezner Jonathan A. , Patel Manesh R. , Ackerman Michael J. , Kucera Kristen L. , Siebert David M. , Salerno Lauren , Zigman Suchsland Monica , Asif Irfan M. , Maleszewski Joseph J. , Harmon Kimberly G. 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:
Understanding the incidence, causes, and trends of sudden cardiac death (SCD) among young competitive athletes is critical to inform preventive policies.

METHODS:
This study included National Collegiate Athletic Association athlete deaths during a 20-year time frame (July 1, 2002, through June 30, 2022). Athlete deaths were identified through 4 separate independent databases and search strategies (National Collegiate Athletic Association resolutions list, Parent Heart Watch database and media reports, National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research database, and insurance claims). Autopsy reports and medical history were reviewed by an expert panel to adjudicate causes of SCD.

RESULTS:
A total of 143 SCD cases in National Collegiate Athletic Association athletes were identified from 1102 total deaths. The National Collegiate Athletic Association resolutions list identified 117 of 143 (82%), the Parent Heart Watch database or media reports identified 89 of 143 (62%), the National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research database identified 63 of 143 (44%), and insurance claims identified 27 of 143 (19%) SCD cases. The overall incidence of SCD was 1:63 682 athlete-years (95% CI, 1:54 065–1:75 010). Incidence was higher in male athletes than in female athletes (1:43 348 [95% CI, 1:36 228–1:51 867] versus 1:164 504 [95% CI, 1:110 552–1:244 787] athlete-years, respectively) and Black athletes compared with White athletes (1:26 704 [1:20 417–1:34 925] versus 1:74 581 [1:60 247–1:92 326] athlete-years, respectively). The highest incidence of SCD was among Division I male basketball players (1:8188 [White, 1:5848; Black, 1:7696 athlete-years]). The incidence rate for SCD decreased over the study period (5-year incidence rate ratio, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.61–0.82]), whereas the rate of noncardiovascular deaths remained stable (5-year incidence rate ratio, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.94–1.04]). Autopsy-negative sudden unexplained death (19.5%) was the most common postmortem examination finding, followed by idiopathic left ventricular hypertrophy or possible cardiomyopathy (16.9%) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (12.7%), in cases with enough information for adjudication (118 of 143). Eight cases of death were attributable to myocarditis over the study period (1 case from January 1, 2020, through June 30, 2022), with none attributed to COVID-19 infection. SCD events were exertional in 50% of cases. Exertional SCD was more common among those with coronary artery anomalies (100%) and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (83%).

CONCLUSIONS:
The incidence of SCD in college athletes has decreased. Male sex, Black race, and basketball are associated with a higher incidence of SCD.
In vitro induction of tetraploidy and its effects on phenotypic variations in Populus hopeiensis
Authors: Wu Jian , Zhou Qing , Sang Yaru , Zhao Yifan , Kong Bo , Li Liang , Du Jiahua , Ma Lexun , Lu Min , Zhang Pingdong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Artificial induction of polyploidy is the most common and effective way to improve the biological properties of Populus and develop new varieties of this tree. In this study, in order to confirm and expand earlier findings, we established a protocol using colchicine and based on an efficient shoot regeneration system of leaf blades to induce tetraploidy in vitro in three genotypes from diploid Populus hopeiensis. The stomatal characteristics, leaf blade size, and growth were evaluated for diploids and tetraploids of three genotypes.

Results
We found that genotype, preculture duration, colchicine concentration, and colchicine exposure time had highly significant effects on the tetraploid induction rate. The optimal protocol for inducing tetraploidy in P. hopeiensis was to preculture leaf blades for 7 days and then treat them for 4 days with 40 mg/L colchicine. The tetraploid induction rates of genotypes BT1, BT3, and BT8 were 21.2, 11.4 and 16.7%, respectively. A total of 136 tetraploids were identified by flow cytometry analysis and somatic chromosome counting. The stomatal length, width, and density of leaf blades significantly differed between diploid and tetraploid plants. Compared with their diploid counterparts, the tetraploids produced larger leaf blades and had a slower growth rate. Our findings further document the modified morphological characteristics of P. hopeiensis following whole-genome duplication (e.g., induced tetraploidy).

Conclusions
We established a protocol for in vitro induction of tetraploidy from diploid leaf blades treated with colchicine, which can be applied to different genotypes of P. hopeiensis.
Primary care utilisation, adherence to guideline-based pharmacotherapy and continuity of care in primary care patients with chronic diseases and multimorbidity – a cross-sectional study
Authors: Maun Andy , Björkelund Cecilia , Arvidsson Eva 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
To understand how to improve care for patients with chronic diseases and multimorbidity we wanted to describe the prevalence of different chronic diseases and the pattern of multimorbidity and to analyse the associations between occurrence of diseases and primary care utilization, adherence to guideline-based pharmacotherapy, and continuity of care.

Methods
Retrospective cross-sectional study of routine care data of the general population in region Jönköping in Sweden (345 916 inhabitants using primary care services) covering 4.3 years.

Participants
Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria of having ≥ 1 of 10 common chronic diseases and ≥ 3 visits to primary care between 2011 and 2015.

Primary outcome measures
In order to determine diseases and multimorbidity, primary care utilisation, adherence to guideline-based pharmacotherapy, frequencies and percentages, interval and ratio scaled variables were described using means, standard deviations, and various percentiles in the population. Two continuity indices were used (MMCI, COC) to describe continuity.

Results
Of the general population, 25 829 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria (7.5% of the population). Number of diseases increased with increasing age, and multimorbidity was much more common than single diseases (mean 2.0 per patient). There was a slight positive correlation (0.29) between number of diseases and visits, but visits did not increase proportionally to the number of diseases. Patients with physical diseases combined with anxiety and/or depression made more visits than others. The number of diseases per patient was negatively associated with the adherence to pharmacotherapy guidelines. There was no association between continuity and healthcare utilisation or adherence to pharmacotherapy guidelines.

Conclusions
Multimorbid patients are common in primary care and for many chronic diseases it is more common to have other simultaneous diseases than having only one disease. This can make adherence to pharmacotherapy guidelines a questionable measure for aged multimorbid patients. Existing continuity indices also revealed limitations. Holistic and patient-centred measures should be used for quality assessment of care for multimorbid patients in primary care.
Association of serum vitamin D levels on Helicobacter pylori infection: a retrospective study with real-world data
Authors: Liu Dan , Ren Li , Zhong Dapeng , Zhang Wei , Li Wen Wen , Liu Jie , Han Chuan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to determine whether serum vitamin D levels are associated with H. pylori infection and whether low serum vitamin D levels are an independent risk factor for H. pylori infection.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of a multicenter cohort study from 2017 to 2019. A total of 415 H. pylori+ patients and 257 H. pylori− patients aged between 18 and 75 years with both 13 C-urea breath test and serum vitamin D level results were included from four hospitals. A questionnaire was used to collect information on potential factors influencing H. pylori infection.

Results
Serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower in the H. pylori+ group than in the H. pylori− group (16.7 ± 6.6 ng/ml vs. 19.2 ± 8.0 ng/ml, p < 0.05). Using a cutoff value of 20 ng/ml, the H. pylori infection rate was significantly higher in the vitamin D-deficient group (< 20 ng/ml) than in the vitamin D-nondeficiency group (≥ 20 ng/ml) (66.5% vs. 51.0%, p < 0.001). Ordered logistic regression analysis showed that serum vitamin D levels < 20 ng/ml (OR: 1.652, 95% CI: 1.160–2.351, p = 0.005), higher education levels (OR: 1.774, 95% CI: 1.483–2.119, p < 0.001), family size ≥ 4 (OR: 1.516, 95% CI: 1.081–2.123, p = 0.016), and lower annual income (OR: 1.508, 95% CI: 1.289–1.766, p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for H. pylori infection.

Conclusion
Lower serum vitamin D levels may be associated with an increased risk of H. pylori infection, and lower serum vitamin D levels are an independent risk factor for increasing H. pylori infection rates. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether supplementation with vitamin D can reduce H. pylori infection rates.