bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of strain rate on glass fiber reinforced polymer composite using split hopkinson pressure bar
Authors: Basrani Jitendra , Kumar Manoj , Kumar Pramod 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study is to examine the stress–strain behavior of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composite with three different orientations, namely [0°/90°]s, [±45]s, [0°/+45°/−45°/90°]T. To achieve this, the GFRP was simulated using the Split Hopkinson Bar (SHPB) setup in ABAQUS/CAE. The striker bar was used at three different velocities (9.7 m s−1, 12.7 m s−1, and 14.3 m s−1) to produce strain rates ranging from 1000 s−1to 2000 s−1. The dynamic response of the GFRP composite was studied by considering its stress–strain behavior. The effect of strain rate on the elastic modulus and energy absorption capacity of GFRP laminates was analyzed through complete stress versus strain curves. The results showed that the elastic modulus and energy absorption capacity of GFRP laminates were sensitive to strain rates, with an increase in strain rate leading to an increase in the elastic modulus and energy absorption capacity.
Computational modeling of the thermal effects of flow on radio frequency-induced heating of peripheral vascular stents during MRI
Authors: Gross David C , Scandling Benjamin W , Leewood Alan R , Simonetti Orlando P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Purpose. The goal of this study was to develop and validate a computational model that can accurately predict the influence of flow on the temperature rise near a peripheral vascular stent during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods. Computational modeling and simulation of radio frequency (RF) induced heating of a vascular stent during MRI at 3.0 T was developed and validated with flow phantom experiments. The maximum temperature rise of the stent was measured as a function of physiologically relevant flow rates. Results. A significant difference was not identified between the experiment and simulation (P > 0.05). The temperature rise of the stent during MRI was over 10 °C without flow, and was reduced by 5 °C with a flow rate of only 58 ml min−1, corresponding to a reduction of CEM43 from 45 min to less than 1 min. Conclusion. The computer model developed in this study was validated with experimental measurements, and accurately predicted the influence of flow on the RF-induced temperature rise of a vascular stent during MRI. Furthermore, the results of this study demonstrate that relatively low flow rates significantly reduce the temperature rise of a stent and the surrounding medium during RF-induced heating under typical scanning power and physiologically relevant conditions.
Evolution of the floral nectaries in the Primulaceae sensus lato (Ericales)
Authors: Cano Mauricio J , Ronse De Craene fls Louis 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Primuloid clade or Primulaceae sensus lato is well supported and contains several pollination syndromes, including wind pollination and insect pollination with pollen, nectar, or oil as a reward. Previous studies have recognized two types of nectaries (floral and extrafloral) with different distributions (e.g. ovary, stigma, style, pedicel). This study aimed to reassess the diversity of nectary types, and their distribution and evolution within the clade. Flowers were selected to represent the four subfamilies Maesoideae, Theophrastoideae, Primuloideae, and Myrsinoideae. The flowers were investigated for nectary tissue with electron microscopy, light microscopy, and sugar tests. Nectar is mainly exuded by gynoecial nectarostomata (in Maeseoideae, Theophrastoideae, Primuloideae, and a few basal Myrsinoideae, such as Stimpsonia and Coris) distributed at the base, middle, and top part of the ovary. Myrsinoideae is the exception with an absence of a nectary linked to buzz-pollination, or presenting nectariferous or oil-producing trichomes on the perianth and stamens. The evolution of nectaries is variable in the Primuloid clade, with Primuloideae apparently the starting point of an evolutionary reversal in terms of nectary evolution within this clade, and a high diversity of nectaries within the Myrsinoideae representing various trends that are currently under-investigated. The evolution of floral nectaries in Primulaceae presents an exciting shift from nectar-producing flowers towards a loss of nectaries, and an evolutionary reversal with a shift to the co-option of either oil-producing trichomes or nectar-producing trichomes.
The m6A reader YTHDF2 alleviates the inflammatory response by inhibiting IL-6R/JAK2/STAT1 pathway-mediated high-mobility group box-1 release
Authors: Zeng Zhuo , Lan Yingying , Zhang Lijuan , Chen Yu , Gong Yali , Zuo Fangqing , Li Junda , Luo Gaoxing , Peng Yizhi , Yuan Zhiqiang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Sepsis is a common severe complication in major burn victims and is characterized by a dysregulated systemic response to inflammation. YTH domain family 2 (YTHDF2), a well-studied N6-methyladenosine (m6A) reader that specifically recognizes and binds to m6A-modified transcripts to mediate their degradation, is connected to pathogenic and physiological processes in eukaryotes, but its effect on sepsis is still unknown. We aimed to discover the effects and mechanisms of YTHDF2 in sepsis.

Methods
Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analyses were used to measure the expression of YTHDF2, the interleukin 6 receptor (IL-6R), high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) under different in vitro conditions. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were utilized to evaluate the expression of HMGB1, IL-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. To confirm that YTHDF2 specifically targets IL-6R mRNA, RNA immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed. Finally, we utilized a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis to verify the effects of YTHDF2 in vivo.

Results
According to our findings, YTHDF2 was expressed at a low level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from septic mice and patients as well as in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Overexpression of YTHDF2 alleviated the inflammatory response by inhibiting HMGB1 release and JAK2/STAT1 signalling in LPS-stimulated cells. Mechanistically, YTHDF2 suppressed JAK2/STAT1 signalling by directly recognizing the m6A-modified site in IL-6R and decreasing the stability of IL-6R mRNA, thereby inhibiting HMGB1 release. In vivo experiments showed that YTHDF2 played a protective role in septic mice by suppressing the IL-6R/JAK2/STAT1/HMGB1 axis.

Conclusions
In summary, these findings demonstrate that YTHDF2 plays an essential role as an inhibitor of inflammation to reduce the release of HMGB1 by inhibiting the IL-6R/JAK2/STAT1 pathway, indicating that YTHDF2 is a novel target for therapeutic interventions in sepsis.
Lnc-PKNOX1-1 inhibits tumor progression in cutaneous malignant melanoma by regulating NF-κB/IL-8 axis
Authors: Hong Anlan , Cao Meng , Li Dongqing , Wang Yixin , Zhang Guoqiang , Fang Fang , Zhao Liang , Wang Qiang , Lin Tong , Wang Yan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma is one of the most lethal cutaneous malignancies. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the potential influence of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in biological behaviors of melanoma. Herein, we reported a novel lncRNA, lnc-PKNOX1-1 and systematically studied its functions and possible molecular mechanisms in melanoma. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR assay showed that lnc-PKNOX1-1 was significantly decreased in melanoma cells and tissues. Low lnc-PKNOX1-1 expression was significantly correlated with invasive pathological type and Breslow thickness of melanoma. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed lnc-PKNOX1-1 dramatically inhibited melanoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Mechanically, protein microarray analysis suggested that interleukin-8 (IL-8) was negatively regulated by lnc-PKNOX1-1 in melanoma, which was confirmed by western blot and ELISA. Western blot analysis also showed that lnc-PKNOX1-1 could promote p65 phosphorylation at Ser536 in melanoma. Subsequent rescue assays proved IL-8 overexpression could partly reverse the tumor-suppressing function of lnc-PKNOX1-1 overexpression in melanoma cells, indicating that lnc-PKNOX1-1 suppressed the development of melanoma by regulating IL-8. Taken together, our study demonstrated the tumor-suppressing ability of lnc-PKNOX1-1 in melanoma, suggesting its potential as a novel diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for melanoma.
Priorities and Progress in Diagnostic Research by the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group
Authors: Hanson Kimberly E , Banerjee Ritu , Doernberg Sarah B , Evans Scott R , Komarow Lauren , Satlin Michael J , Schwager Nyssa , Simner Patricia J , Tillekeratne L Gayani , Patel Robin ,   for the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group, Tsalik Ephraim , Abbenante Erin , Baum Keri , Souli Maria , Mocka Elizabeth , Hopkins Deborah , Giri Abhigya , Zeng Lijuan , Greenwood-Quaintance Kerryl , Dodd Andrew , Booth Grant , Li Yixuan , Waller Jason , Raza Praneeta , Sund Zoe , Wickward Cathy , Zeng Lijuan , Dai Weixiao , Hamasaki Toshimitsu , Ghazaryan Varduhi , Raterman Erica , Samuel Tamika , Lee Marina 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The advancement of infectious disease diagnostics, along with studies devoted to infections caused by gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, is a top scientific priority of the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group (ARLG). Diagnostic tests for infectious diseases are rapidly evolving and improving. However, the availability of rapid tests designed to determine antibacterial resistance or susceptibility directly in clinical specimens remains limited, especially for gram-negative organisms. Additionally, the clinical impact of many new tests, including an understanding of how best to use them to inform optimal antibiotic prescribing, remains to be defined. This review summarizes the recent work of the ARLG toward addressing these unmet needs in the diagnostics field and describes future directions for clinical research aimed at curbing the threat of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.
High-dimensional asymptotics of Langevin dynamics in spiked matrix models
Authors: Liang Tengyuan , Sen Subhabrata , Sur Pragya 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We study Langevin dynamics for recovering the planted signal in the spiked matrix model. We provide a ‘path-wise’ characterization of the overlap between the output of the Langevin algorithm and the planted signal. This overlap is characterized in terms of a self-consistent system of integro-differential equations, usually referred to as the Crisanti–Horner–Sommers–Cugliandolo–Kurchan equations in the spin glass literature. As a second contribution, we derive an explicit formula for the limiting overlap in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio and the injected noise in the diffusion. This uncovers a sharp phase transition—in one regime, the limiting overlap is strictly positive, while in the other, the injected noise overcomes the signal, and the limiting overlap is zero.
A local energy-based discontinuous Galerkin method for fourth-order semilinear wave equations
Authors: Zhang Lu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes an energy-based discontinuous Galerkin scheme for fourth-order semilinear wave equations, which we rewrite as a system of second-order spatial derivatives. Compared to the local discontinuous Galerkin methods, the proposed scheme uses fewer auxiliary variables and is more computationally efficient. We prove several properties of the scheme. For example, we show that the scheme is unconditionally stable and that it achieves optimal convergence in $L^2$ norm for both the solution and the auxiliary variables without imposing penalty terms. A key part of the proof of the stability and convergence analysis is the special choice of the test function for the auxiliary equation involving the time derivative of the displacement variable, which leads to a linear system for the time evolution of the unknowns. Then we can use standard mathematical techniques in discontinuous Galerkin methods to obtain stability and optimal error estimates. We also obtain energy dissipation and/or conservation of the scheme by choosing simple and mesh-independent interelement fluxes. Several numerical experiments are presented to illustrate and support our theoretical results.
Predicting microbial crude protein synthesis in cattle from intakes of dietary energy and crude protein
Authors: Galyean M L , Tedeschi L O 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Accurate predictions of microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis are needed to predict metabolizable protein supply in ruminants. Since 1996, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine series on beef cattle nutrient requirements has used the intake of total digestible nutrients (TDN) to predict ruminal MCP synthesis. Because various tabular energy values for feeds are highly correlated, our objective was to determine whether intakes of digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and net energy for maintenance (NEm) could be used as predictors of MCP synthesis in beef cattle. A published database of 285 treatment means from experiments that evaluated MCP synthesis was updated with 50 additional treatment mean observations. When intakes of TDN, fat-free TDN, DE, ME, NEm, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein (CP), ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, and starch were used in a stepwise regression analysis to predict MCP, only intakes of DE and CP met the P &lt; 0.10 criterion for entry into the model. Mixed-model regression analyses were used to adjust for random intercept and slope effects of citations to evaluate intake of DE alone or in combination with CP intake as predictors of MCP synthesis, and the intakes of TDN, ME, and NEm as alternatives to DE intake. Similar precisions in predicting MCP synthesis were obtained with all measures of energy intake (CV = root mean square error [RMSE] as a percentage of the overall mean MCP varied from 9% to 9.67%), and adding CP intake to statistical models increased precision (CV ranged from 8.43% to 9.39%). Resampling analyses were used to evaluate observed vs. predicted values for the various energy intake models with or without CP intake, as well as the TDN-based equation used in the current beef cattle nutrient requirements calculations. The coefficient of determination, concordance correlation coefficient, and RMSE of prediction as a percentage of the mean averaged 0.595%, 0.730%, and 28.6% for the four measures of energy intake, with average values of 0.630%, 0.757%, and 27.4%, respectively, for equations that included CP intake. The TDN equation adopted by the 2016 beef cattle nutrient requirements system yielded similar results to newly developed equations but had a slightly greater mean bias. We concluded that any of the measures of energy intake we evaluated can be used to predict MCP synthesis by beef cattle and that adding CP intake improves model precision.
Escherichia coli tRNA (Gm18) methyltransferase (TrmH) requires the correct localization of its methylation site (G18) in the D-loop for efficient methylation
Authors: Kohno Yoh , Ito Asako , Okamoto Aya , Yamagami Ryota , Hirata Akira , Hori Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
TrmH is a eubacterial tRNA methyltransferase responsible for formation of 2’-O-methylguaosine at position 18 (Gm18) in tRNA. In Escherichia coli cells, only 14 tRNA species possess the Gm18 modification. To investigate the substrate tRNA selection mechanism of E. coli TrmH, we performed biochemical and structural studies. Escherichia coli TrmH requires a high concentration of substrate tRNA for efficient methylation. Experiments using native tRNA SerCGA purified from a trmH gene disruptant strain showed that modified nucleosides do not affect the methylation. A gel mobility-shift assay reveals that TrmH captures tRNAs without distinguishing between relatively good and very poor substrates. Methylation assays using wild-type and mutant tRNA transcripts revealed that the location of G18 in the D-loop is very important for efficient methylation by E. coli TrmH. In the case of tRNASer, tRNATyrand tRNALeu, the D-loop structure formed by interaction with the long variable region is important. For tRNAGln, the short distance between G18 and A14 is important. Thus, our biochemical study explains all Gm18 modification patterns in E. coli tRNAs. The crystal structure of E. coli TrmH has also been solved, and the tRNA binding mode of E. coli TrmH is discussed based on the structure.
Molecular insights on the historical dispersion of Piezodorus guildinii (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Brazil
Authors: Moraes Tamara , Santos Larissa Muniz Amaral , Schwertner Cristiano Feldens , Corrêa Alberto Soares 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood, 1837) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an important arthropod pest of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) throughout American continents. However, the historical events associated with its dispersion are poorly understood. In this study, we employed a phylogeographic approach to investigate the origin and demographic history of P. guildinii in Brazil. We analyzed the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and Cytb gene sequences of P. guildinii individuals collected in Brazil’s 5 soybean production macro-regions and cross-referenced this information with sequences available in public databases. Our findings support an older Caribbean basin establishment for the current genealogical strains of P. guildinii, with subsequent dispersion to Brazil around 0.97 Mya. No secondary dispersion of this species from the Caribbean region to soybean areas in Brazil was identified. The Brazilian populations of P. guildinii are genetically structured across the country’s soybean macro-regions and show strong signals of continuous demographic and spatial expansion in Brazil, which may be accelerated by the soybean cropping landscape in the country. The populations from the northern region (MR5) are older than the Central and South populations. The signs of demographic expansion indicate that P. guildinii populations are increasing their effective size in soybean regions, which could reflect its importance as a soybean pest in the coming years.
Short- and long-term effects of season-long infestation of Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) on young apple (Malus domestica) and peach (Prunus persica) trees
Authors: Nixon Laura J , Barnes Caitlin , Wilson Charlotte , Rugh Anthony , Carper Lee , Leskey Tracy C , Tang Lisa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Lycorma delicatula White, commonly called spotted lanternfly, is an invasive fulgorid that was first detected in the United States in Pennsylvania in 2014 and has spread across Eastern states. Lycorma delicatula is a phloem feeder, and feeding of persistent populations can cause wilt and dieback in host plants. Vineyards in infested regions have experienced vine loss, where damage has been attributed to L. delicatula. Nymphal and adult lifestages have been observed on cultivated apple and peach trees, but the feeding effects of this pest on these crops have not been quantified. Here, we caged young potted apple and peach trees and infested them with 50 nymphal or 25 adult L. delicatula per plant for 3 months and tracked plant health. Horticultural measurements including trunk diameter, height, leaf drop, and photosynthesis rates were recorded before, during, and after the infestation. To evaluate the long-term effects of infestation, all apple and peach trees were removed from pots and planted in an orchard block where their phenology, growth, and physiology could be evaluated the following growing season. Short- and long-term measurements showed no significant differences in apple tree health between infested and noninfested trees. There was a significant reduction in the growth of trunk diameter in peach trees during exposure to early-instar nymphs; infested peach trees also had significantly increased frost damage to buds the following spring. However, there were no long-term impacts on peach growth and physiology. These results indicate that L. delicatula likely will not be a major threat to these deciduous fruit crops.
Real-world prostate-specific antigen response and progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer among men with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer treated with apalutamide: a multi-institutional study in the Chu-shikoku Japan Urological Consortium
Authors: Tohi Yoichiro , Kato Takuma , Kobayashi Keita , Daizumoto Kei , Fukuhara Hideo , Ohira Shin , Katayama Satoshi , Shimizu Ryutaro , Takamoto Atsushi , Nishimura Kenichi , Ikeda Kenichiro , Nagami Taichi , Hayashida Yushi , Hirama Hiromi , Naito Hirohito , Tomida Ryotaro , Sasaki Yutaro , Yamamoto Shinkuro , Shimizu Shinjiro , Sugimoto Mikio ,   Chu-shikoku Japan Urological Consortium
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Japanese men receiving apalutamide often experience skin-adverse events (AEs), possibly requiring treatment interruption or dose reduction. However, concerns have arisen regarding the impact of these adjustments on the efficacy of apalutamide. Our study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and persistence of apalutamide in men with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC).

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 108 men with mCSPC from 14 Japanese institutions. The primary outcomes were the efficacy of apalutamide: prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response (50%, 90% and &lt; 0.2 decline) and progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The secondary outcomes were the skin-AE and compliance of apalutamide.

Results
PSA50%, PSA90% and PSA &lt; 0.2 declines were observed in 89.8, 84.3 and 65.7%, and the median time to CRPC progression was not reached. PSA &lt; 0.2 decline and an initial full dose of apalutamide were significantly associated with a longer time to CRPC. The most common AE was skin-AE (50.9%), and there was no association between the occurrence of skin-AE and the time to CRPC (P = 0.72). The median apalutamide persistence was 29 months, which was longer in the initial full dose recipients than in the reduced dose recipients. The dosage is reduced in about 60% of patients within the first year of treatment in the initial full dose recipients.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate the effectiveness of apalutamide in Japanese men with mCSPC, despite a substantial portion requiring dose reduction within a year among the initial full dose recipients.