bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral midazolam with an antacid may increase the speed of onset of sedation in children prior to general anaesthesia
Authors: LAMMERS C.R , ROSNER J.L , CROCKETT D.E , CHHOKRA R , BROCK‐UTNE J.G 
Published: March 2003

Background: The aim of the study was to see whether sodium citrate solution would speed the gastric absorption of oral midazolam. Methods: Forty presurgical ASA I and II patients (aged 2–6 years) were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group I received midazolam 0.5 mg·kg–1 mixed with sodium citrate while group II (control) received midazolam 0.5 mg·kg–1 mixed with Hawaiian fruit punch. Results: There was no statistical difference between the ages, weights, preoperative sedation and anxiety scores in the two groups. After premedication, the onset of sedation (mean ± SD) measured by the first change in sedation score was found to be significantly faster (P < 0.05) in group I (17.8 ± 7.11) compared with group II (21.9 ± 5.34). There was no statistical difference in anxiety at any time intervals, separation or induction scoring for both groups. Gastric volumes and the pH of gastric aspirates between the two groups were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The time to onset of sedation can potentially be shortened, by using a preparation of intravenous midazolam and antacid, given orally.
Listeriakeratitis in a horse
Authors: Sanchez S. , Studer M. , Currin P. , Barlett P. , Bounous D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractListeria monocytogenesis ubiquitous in the environment but is rarely reported as a cause of keratitis in animals. In this case, a mare was presented with epiphora and evidence of pain in the right eye.Listeria monocytogeneswas isolated from a corneal lesion, and bacteria were also seen in the cytologic evaluation. This is the first reported case of ulcerative keratitis associated withL. monocytogenesin a horse.
Feline eosinophilic conjunctivitis
Authors: Allgoewer Ingrid , Schäffer Ekkehard , Stockhaus Christian , Vögtlin Andrea 
Published: March 2003

ObjectiveTo review 12 cases of histologically confirmed feline eosinophilic conjunctivitis, their clinical, cytologic, histologic and electronmicroscopic findings, results on PCR for FeHV‐1, treatment and outcome.Animals studiedTwelve naturally occurring cases presented during a period of 26 months.ProceduresThorough ophthalmologic examination, conjunctival scrapings performed with the cytobrush method; histologic samples from the palpebral conjunctiva; PCR for FeHV‐1 on Schirmer Tear Test (STT) strips; saliva and nasal swabs, and retrospective evaluation of all results.ResultsThe breed most commonly affected was the Domestic Shorthair (n = 8), followed by Persians (n = 2), Somali (n = 1) and Siamese (n = 1). Age at presentation was 1–15 years with a mean age of 7.2 years. Nine cats were castrated males; three cats were females: two of them were spayed. Unilateral (n = 7) or bilateral (n = 5) involvement with depigmentation and erosions of lid margin, blepharospasm, swelling and redness of conjunctiva and third eyelid were the most common clinical findings. Frequency of eosinophils in cytologic samples was more than 10% in every patient. PCR for FeHV‐1 on STT was negative in all cases. Histologically, eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, mast cells and macrophages were involved. On electronmicroscopy, viral particles were not detected. Ten cases needed long‐term anti‐inflammatory treatment.ConclusionsThe 12 reviewed cases suggest that feline eosinophilic conjunctivitis is a chronic inflammatory uni‐ or bilateral disease of the adult cat. Typically the lid margin was also involved, and was thickened, depigmented and erosive. Cytological examination of conjunctival scrapings was a valuable tool for detecting eosinophilic conjunctivitis. The cytological findings correlated well with the histopathological findings in our patients. Topical or systemic anti‐inflammatory drugs resolved the clinical symptoms in our cases within a short period of time. Neither electronmicroscopy nor PCR were able to detect involvement of FHV1 in the represented cases. The etiopathogenic role of FeHV‐1 remains undetermined.
Effect of single and multiple doses of 0.2% brimonidine tartrate in the glaucomatous Beagle
Authors: Gelatt Kirk N. , MacKay Edward O. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucomatous dogs after instillations of 0.2% brimonidine once, twice and three times daily in single day studies, and after twice and three times daily for 4 days in multiple dose studies. We studied eight Beagles with inherited primary open angle glaucoma. Applanation tonometry (IOP), pupil size (PS) and heart rate (HR) measurements were obtained at 8 am, 10 am, 1 pm, 3 pm and 5 pm. The studies were divided into: eight glaucoma dogs and five of the eight dogs that demonstrated greater response to 0.2% brimonidine. Single‐dose drug studies are divided into placebo (0.5% methylcellulose), 0.2% brimonidine administered once daily (8 am); twice daily (8 am and noon); and three times daily (8 am, noon and 5 pm). The 5‐day multiple‐dose studies included: day 1, no drug; and 4 days, 0.2% brimonidine instillations either twice daily (8 am and 2 pm) or three times daily (8 am, 2 pm and 9 pm). Statistical comparisons between drug groups included control (nondrug) and treated (placebo/0.2% brimonidine) eyes for both single‐ and multiple‐dose studies. The mean ± SEM diurnal decrease in IOP in the eight glaucomatous Beagles for the control and placebo eyes were 3.4 ± 4.7 and 5.4 ± 2.8 mmHg, respectively. The mean ± SEM diurnal decrease in IOP after 0.2% brimonidine once, twice and three times daily was 6.4 ± 3.5, 8.0 ± 6.1 and 9.8 ± 8.1 mmHg, respectively; this trend was not significant statistically. Significant miosis occurred starting 2 h postinstillations, and the resultant mean ± SD pupil size was 2.7 ± 0.3 mm. A significant decrease in heart rate also occurred (12%). In the five most responsive dogs the changes in PS and HR during these studies were similar to the larger group, but significant decreases in IOP occurred at most measurement times. In the multiple‐dose study with 0.2% brimonidine twice daily the mean ± SEM decrease in IOP for day 1 to day 4 was 5.0 ± 1.3, 5.7 ± 1.3, 1.4 ± 3.3 and 4.9 ± 1.3 mmHg, respectively. When 0.2% brimonidine was instilled three times daily the mean ± SEM diurnal IOP decrease was from day 1 to day 4 and was 0.75 ± 1.3, 2.4 ± 1.5, 1.2 ± 2.7 and 1.4 ± 1.8 mmHg, respectively. The mean change in pupil diameter was 1.3 ± 0.5 mm. Decrease in HR averaged 22%. In the same single‐dose studies with the five most responsive dogs, PS and HR were similar, but the decreases in IOP were significant at more measurement intervals. We conclude that 0.2% brimonidine produces a decrease in IOP in dogs, a statistically significant miosis, and a reduced heart rate (12–22%). However, because of the limited drug‐induced ocular hypotension, brimonidine should be combined with other drugs when used for the glaucomas in the dog.
Vecuronium bromide, phenylephrine and atropine combinations as mydriatics in juvenile double‐crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus)
Authors: Loerzel Suzan M. , Smith Patricia J. , Howe Andy , Samuelson Don A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTopical vecuronium bromide (Norcuron®) and combinations with atropine and phenylephrine, were evaluated as mydriatics in juvenile double‐crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus). Nine cormorants were treated with each of four protocols: 1% atropine; 4 mg/mL vecuronium bromide (total 0.16 mg/eye); atropine with vecuronium; and atropine, 2.5% phenylephrine, followed by vecuronium. Drugs were applied topically at 15‐min intervals (0.01 mL/drop). Pupil diameter was measured manually every 15 min with a pupil gauge calibrated to the nearest 0.5 mm. No effect was observed with atropine alone. Average ± SD peak pupil diameter for vecuronium, atropine/vecuronium, and atropine/phenylephrine/vecuronium were 5.4 ± 1.1 mm, 5.7 ± 0.8 mm and 6.2 ± 0.4 mm, respectively; and duration of peak diameters were 38 ± 28 min, 79 ± 71 min and 103 ± 58 min, respectively. The combined atropine, phenylephrine and vecuronium provided the most consistent dilation with larger average pupil size and longer average duration. No side‐effects from vecuronium were observed in these birds.
Phacoemulsification for the management ofEncephalitozoon cuniculi‐induced phacoclastic uveitis in a rabbit
Authors: Felchle Lisa M. , Sigler Ron L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPhacoemulsification was performed on a New Zealand White rabbit with slowly progressive unilateral phacoclastic uveitis and cataract formation. The irrigating solution with lenticular contents were centrifuged and examined cytologically using Weber's chromotrope‐based stain. Microsporidial spores were observed and positively identified asEncephalitozoon cuniculivia polymerase chain reaction. More than 1 year following surgical therapy, the rabbit is visual and comfortable without medications.
Phylogenetic systematics of the genusPlatydoris(Mollusca, Nudibranchia, Doridoidea) with descriptions of six new species
Authors: Dorgan Kelly M. , Valdés Ángel , Gosliner Terrence M. 
Published: March 2003

Dorgan, K. M., Valdés, Á. & Gosliner, T. M. (2002). Phylogenetic systematics of the genusPlatydoris(Mollusca, Nudibranchia, Doridoidea) with descriptions of six new species. —Zoologica Scripta,31, 271–319.The genusPlatydorisBergh, 1877 is characterized by a flat body, wide mantle margin, and elevated branchial and rhinophoral sheaths. Examination of a number of specimens and a review of the literature have shown that there are at least 20 valid species of the genusPlatydorisworld‐wide. Some of them have previously been described by other authors and are re‐described or discussed here:P. argo,P. scabra,P. cruenta,P. angustipes,P. ellioti,P. formosa,P. inframaculata,P. pulchra,P. sanguinea,P. townsendi,P. capricornensis,P. esakii,P. macfarlandi,P. galbanus,P. carolynae. Six new species are described here:P. inornata,P. ocellata,P. annulata,P. sabulosa,P. cinereobranchiata,P. rolani.Platydoris tabulatais anomen dubium. Species removed fromPlatydorisinclude:Doris hepatica,D. murrea,P. variegata,P. punctatella,P. papillata,P. spinulosa,P. carinata,P. immonda,P. spongilla,P. maculata,P. stomascuta. A phylogenetic analysis was conducted, showing the genus to be monophyletic. There was strong support for a clade of all species ofPlatydorisincluded in the analysis except for the nodes containingP. annulataandP. macfarlandi, which are found in deeper water than the rest of the genus. This major clade was further divided into a clade of Atlantic and Eastern Pacific species and a clade of Indo‐Pacific species, showing a strong biogeographical trend. Important characters separating the clades include ventral pigment around the foot, large ventral spots, the presence of vaginal hooks, and whether the accessory gland enters the atrium on the side of the vagina, the side of the deferent duct, or between the two.Kelly M. Dorgan & Terrence M. Gosliner, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. E‐mail:tgosline@calacademy.orgÁngel Valdés, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA. E‐mail:avaldes@nhm.org
Avirulence proteins of plant pathogens: determinants of victory and defeat
Authors: Luderer Rianne , Joosten Matthieu H. A. J. 
Published: March 2003

summaryThe simplest way to explain the biochemical basis of the gene‐for‐gene concept is by direct interaction between a pathogen‐derived avirulence (Avr) gene product and a receptor protein, which is encoded by the matching resistance (R) gene of the host plant. The number of R genes for which the matching Avr gene has been cloned is increasing. The number of host‐pathogen relationships, however, for which a direct interaction between R and Avr gene products could be proven is still very limited. This observation suggests that in various host–pathogen relationships no physical interaction between R and Avr proteins occurs, and that perception of AVR proteins by their matching R gene products is indirect. Indirect perception implies that at least a third component is required. The ‘Guard hypothesis’ proposes that this third component could be the virulence target of an AVR protein. Binding of the AVR protein to its virulence target is perceived by the matching R protein, which is ‘guarding’ the virulence target. An intriguing aspect of the ‘Guard hypothesis’ is that the Avr gene product causes avirulence of the pathogen through interaction with its virulence target in the plant. This would mean that, although AVR proteins are generally thought to be bifunctional (avirulence as well as virulence factors), this dual function might be based on a single biochemical event. This review focuses on the way AVR proteins are perceived by their matching R gene products. The various components that determine the outcome of the interaction will be discussed, with an emphasis on the dual function of AVR proteins.
Meeting patients' skin care needs: harnessing nursing expertise at an international level
Authors: Ersser S. J. , Penzer R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSkin disease is highly prevalent, particularly in the developing world. This can result in skin failure which in turn may have a major social and economic impact on individuals and communities ( Finlay & Ryan 1996). The significant lack of dermatologists worldwide, most of whom are based in hospitals, means that expertise in skin care cannot always be delivered to those who need it. This paper advances the argument that a care delivery model is needed which provides skin care focused at a primary care level throughout the nursing service, drawing on specialists who are often based in the secondary health care facilities. This can only be achieved through adopting a strategic approach which identifies the training needs of such professionals, harnesses the appropriate expertise, shares good practice, and operates in close conjunction with dermatologists. This paper outlines how this vision can be put into operation, by outlining the strategic international development work being undertaken by nurses and the efforts to promote inter‐professional collaboration.
Nursing informatics: yesterday, today and tomorrow
Authors: Saba V. K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractToday, at the beginning of the 21st century, nursing informatics has become a part of our professional activities. Informatics has advanced the field of nursing by bridging the gap from nursing as an art to nursing as a science. This article discusses the major milestones that have influenced the growth of computer technology and the specific efforts that have influenced yesterday's creation of the nursing informatics movement. It also provides an overview of nursing informatics in today's health care industry, while highlighting the administrative, management, research and educational applications and initiatives. In addition, it provides an overview of Saba's Home Health Care Classification, a nursing language system that has influenced the field. Finally, it provides a prediction of how computer technology will impact the nursing profession in the 21st century.
Reflections on the Judgement Axis, ICNP®β
Authors: Coler M. S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis article presents questions, reflections and proposed resolutions regarding the Judgement Axis of the International Classification of Nursing Practice®, Beta Version (ICNP®β). The Judgement Axis, in its present format, consists of an alphabetical listing of terms that are meant to reflect the clinical opinion of a nurse relating to the state of a nursing phenomenon appearing in Axis A of the ICNP®β. A review of literature indicates that judgement can be more extensive. Not considered in the development of the Axis is the fact that judgement can be clinical and actuarial. Actuarial judgement is predictive and based on statistics. Clinical judgement is patient‐centred, creative and intuitive. Both are essential in defining nursing judgement. The list presents 49 modifiers in nominal form. Each of these is subordinated, in alphanumeric descending order, by qualifiers that do not conform to the concept of lexical hierarchy. We propose that the 49 terms which appear in the present listing as unique ordinates should be clustered into major categories with synonyms listed as subordinates of the major cluster headings. The qualifiers of degree, which are presently identified as subordinates in Axis B, might be presented in matrix format, providing a scale of degree of the modifier for the nurse.
The tidal model: the lived‐experience in person‐centred mental health nursing care
Authors: Barker Phil 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Nursing theories and nursing models have a low profile within psychiatric and mental health nursing within the United Kingdom. This paper considers some of the historical, policy and rhetorical issues that may have framed nursing's relative dependency on the medical paradigm, and briefly considers some of the ethical challenges, which proposed ‘extensions’ of the nurse's role might have for a ‘caring’ discipline.The paper describes the philosophical background of the Tidal Model, which emerged from a series of studies of the ‘need for psychiatric nursing’. The Tidal Model extends and develops some of the traditional assumptions concerning the centrality of interpersonal relations within nursing practice, emphasizing in particular the importance of perceived meanings within the lived‐experience of the person‐in‐care and the role of the narrative in the development of person‐centred care plans. The model also integrates discrete processes for re‐empowering the person who is in mental distress, and provides a practical template for the exploration of the spiritual dimensions of the person's lived‐experience, if appropriate.
Freedom to roam: a Deleuzian overture for the concept of care in nursing
Authors: Drummond John 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFrom a position informed by the philosophical legacy of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, this paper examines the idea of ‘care’ in nursing theory and philosophy. Deleuze and Guattari make a distinction between, on the one hand, ‘concepts’, which are the proper domain of philosophy and, on the other, ‘functives’ which are the domain of science and all other empirical matters. At first blush, this distinction and use of the word concept appears rather odd, but Deleuze and Guattari hold it to be important for reasons that go beyond the acknowledged and obvious differences between philosophy and science. In Deleuzian terms, a ‘functive’ is any proposition that makes a verifiable truth‐claim about actual states of affairs, whereas a ‘concept’ is a philosophical tool that, although it is used in statements that make claims and that seek to affect our thinking on states of affairs, is not a representation of them in any verifiable (functive) sense. In this respect, philosophical concepts, and the statements in which they are used, are neither true nor false. I argue that the way in which the word ‘care’ is used in much nursing theory and philosophy conflates concept (neither true nor false) with functive (either true or false) with less than productive results. I seek to persuade that if we can gain more clarity between the use of care as a would‐be functive and its use as a philosophical concept, this would strengthen the purpose of the use of the idea of care in nursing theory. This is to say that I take the view that the role of ‘care’ as a philosophical concept is to be used in statements that ‘think the event’ called nursing; that seek to be ‘worthy of the event’, but without being an actual part of the event. Finally, I show how the concept of care in nursing philosophy has been, and can continue to be, reworked to achieve the permanent task of surveying the ever‐shifting planes of the event and how it is described.
Effect of vitamin C and its derivatives on collagen synthesis and cross‐linking by normal human fibroblasts
Authors: BOYERA N. , GALEY I. , BERNARD B.A. 
Published: March 2003

SynopsisVitamin C (VitC) plays a critical role in the maintenance of a normal mature collagen network in humans (anti‐scurvy properties) by preventing the auto‐inactivation of lysyl and prolyl hyroxylase, two key enzymes in collagen biosynthesis. In this study two in vitro models were designed to evaluate the effects of VitC on collagen biosynthesis and cross‐linking at cellular and tissue levels. It was shown that VitC induced a dose‐dependent increase in collagen type I deposits by normal human fibroblasts (NHF) cultured in monolayer, and enhanced extracellular matrix contraction by NHF in a lattice model, in a non‐cytotoxic range of concentrations (103m, 104m, 105m). Exogenous VitC supply could thus contribute to the maintenance of optimal collagenic density in the dermis and locally strengthen the collagen network. Vitamin C‐phosphate (VitC‐P) and vitamin C‐glucoside (VitC‐Glu) (two VitC derivatives presenting higher chemical stability in aqueous solution) were also tested in our two models, and showed similar biological properties, but with different potencies. These two compounds can be considered as pro‐vitamins for skin, and could thus advantageously substitute for VitC in VitC‐based anti‐ageing products, as they allow the development of stable, easy‐to‐use formulations.RésuméLa vitamine C (VitC) joue, chez l'homme, un rôle critique dans le maintein d'un réseau collagènique normal (propriété antiscorbutique) en empêchant l'autoinactivation de la lysyl‐ et de la prolyl‐hydroxylase, deux enzymes clefs de la synthèse du collagène. Dans cet article, deux modèles in vitro ont été mis au point dans le but d'évaluer les effets de la VitC sur la biosynthèse du collagène et sa réticulation aux niveaux cellulaire et tissulaire. Nous montrons que la VitC favorise, de façon dose‐dependante et dans un domaine de concentrations non cytotoxiques (10–5 M, 10–4 M, 10–3 M), la production de collagène de type I par des fibroblastes humains normaux (FHN) en culture. Dans les mêmes conditions, la VitC augmente, dans un modèle d'équivalent de derme, la contraction de la matrice extracellulaire par les FHNs. Un apport exogène de collagènique optimale et renforcer localement le réseau de collagène. Le phosphate de vitamine C (VitC‐P) et le glucoside de vitamine C (VitC‐Glu) (deux dérivés présentant une plus grande stabilité chimique en solution aqueuse) ont étéévalués dans ces deux modèles et ont présenté des propriétés biologiques comparables à celles de la VitC, mais avec des intensités variables. Ces deux composés peuvent être considérés comme des pro‐vitamines pour la peau, et pourraient avantageusement remplacer la VitC dans les produits anti‐âge à base de VitC, dans la mesure où ils devraient permettre le développement de formulations stables et simples d'usage. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998