bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Acute Effects of White Button and Shiitake Mushroom Powder Supplementation on Postprandial Lipemia Following a High Fat Meal
Authors: Morris Matthew J , Robak Theodore J , Talal Lillian A , Williams Brian T , Browne Richard W , Horvath Peter J 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe current trend of rising obesity levels and poor dietary choices have led to an increased incidence of chronic diseases in the United States, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dyslipidemia. Fortifying popular meals in a typical Western diet with bioactive compounds that may negate some consequences of consumption is a novel approach to reducing a high fat meal's impact on post prandial lipemia. Bioactive compounds (ergosterol and beta‐glucan), found in high levels in mushrooms, has been shown to reduce cholesterol absorption. Fortifying food with ergosterol and Beta‐glucans may be an effective way to reduce post prandial lipemia from a high fat meal.PurposeTo determine the acute effect on postprandial Lipemia by fortifying a high fat meal with either White Button (WB) or Shiitake (SH) mushroom powder.Methods9 Healthy Subjects (5 females and 4 males, 23.3±1.2yr, 17.8±6% body fat, 56.2±11.4kg fat free mass) were randomized to receive three different meals. One meal consisted of an 8oz cooked beef patty and a bun (883kcal, 47g fat, 37.5g carbohydrate, 73.2g protein) with no mushrooms (control). The other two meals had 14g of either white button (WB), or shiitake (SH) dried mushroom powder incorporated into the beef patty. Subjects were fasted for 12h and avoided vigorous exercise on the day prior to testing. Prior to the consumption of each meal an indwelling venous catheter was placed. Blood was drawn directly before burger consumption and every two hours after for a total of six hours. A Lipid Panel was performed on all blood samples to determine lipemia following the test meal.ResultsPostprandial serum triglycerides were generally lower in the WB group 38.9±4.4 vs SH group 19.1±4.4 (P=0.01). At hour two, the triglycerides in the SH group 32.0±5.9 was lower than the WB group 57.6±5.9( P=0.02), and also lower than the control group 51.7±5.9 (P=0.04). At hours four and six the triglycerides in the SH group 40.1±5.9, 4.2±5.9 was lower than the WB group 69.6±5.9, 28.3±5.9 (P=0.009, P= 0.03) respectively. The overall incremental area under the curve for serum triglycerides in the SH group 148.0±45.4 was lower than the WB group 283.1±50.1 (P=0.028). Specifically, Serum triglycerides were lower in the SH vs WB group at hours 2–4 71.9±20.1and 127.3±22.6 (P=0.05), and from hours 4–6, 44.1±19.9 vs 98.2±20.3 (P=0.02) respectively.ConclusionConsumption of shiitake mushroom powder in conjunction with a high fat meal was effective in lowering serum triglycerides when compared to supplementation with white button mushroom powder, or a high fat meal with no mushroom powder. Fortifying a high fat meal with shiitake mushrooms may be protective against the dyslipidemic impact of a typical high fat meal.Support or Funding InformationSupported by a grant through the University of Buffalo's Honors College
Blueberries Improve Whole‐Body Insulin Action and Alter the Development of Obesity in High‐Fat Fed Mice
Authors: Stull April J. , Beyl Robbie A. 
Published: November 2023

Consumption of blueberries (BB) has been shown to modulate glucose metabolism and the development of obesity in vivo. This study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of BB on whole‐body and tissue‐specific insulin action during the hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamps in diet‐induced obese mice. The C57BL/6J male mice (n=12/group) were fed one of three diets for 12 weeks: low‐fat diet (LFD; 10% fat), high‐fat diet (HFD; 45% fat), and high‐fat diet plus BB (HFD+BB; 4% freeze‐dried BB powder, wt:wt). The diets were pelleted and also matched for sucrose and fiber. Energy intake, body weight, and fat mass (determined by nuclear magnetic resonance) were assessed pre‐and post‐intervention. Also, whole‐body insulin action (i.e., insulin sensitivity), tissue‐specific glucose uptake, and hepatic glucose production were assessed post‐intervention by using the hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp. Both HFD groups had a significantly higher average energy intake than the LFD group during the duration of the study (P<0.05). However, the addition of BB to the HFD did not affect the energy intake with no significant differences existing between the HFD and HFD+BB groups. Although the mice exhibited similar energy intakes, they still differed in their body weight and composition. At the end of the study, the HFD mice gained significantly more body weight, fat mass, and %body fat than the HFD+BB and LFD mice (P<0.05). Consuming BB helped to reduce the body weight gain, fat mass, and %body fat of the mice on the HFD+BB (P<0.05). In addition, the steady‐state glucose infusion rate (GIR) required to maintain euglycemia was 62% higher in the HFD+BB mice when compared to the HFD mice (P<0.05), but the HFD+BB mice had a similar GIR to the LFD mice. Thus, this is indicative of an improvement in whole‐body insulin action after BB consumption when compared to consuming a HFD without BB. The suppression of hepatic glucose production by insulin was comparable between the three groups. Also, insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake into the peripheral tissues (i.e., skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, heart, and brain) was not affected by BB intake. In conclusion, consuming blueberries reduced body weight gain and fat mass, and enhanced whole‐body insulin action in diet‐induced obese mice.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the National Center For Complementary & Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health (Award Numbers K01AT006975 and P50AT002776).
Improved Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity and Pancreatic Islet Function in Obese Rats Treated with Polyphenol‐Rich Extract of Syzygium cumini Leaves
Authors: França Lucas Martins , Sanches Jonas Rodrigues , Chagas Vinicyus Teles , Gaspar Renato Simões , Santos Kayque Almeida , Maranhão Marina Cristine Silva , Carneiro Everardo Magalhaes , Cappelli Ana Paula Gameiro , de Andrade Paes Antonio Marcus 
Published: November 2023

Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae) has been traditionally used to treat of metabolic disorders, especially diabetes mellitus. Although there are many studies used extracts from seed and fruit pulp, the works with the leaves are scarce. As there is considerable interest in bioactive compounds to treat metabolic syndrome and its clustered risk factors, we sought to characterize the metabolic effects of hydroethanolic extract of S. cumini leaves (HESc) on lean and monosodium L‐glutamate(MSG)‐induced obese rats. At 60 days of age, both groups were randomly assigned to receive HESc (500 mg/kg; v.o) or vehicle for 30 days. At the end of treatment, obese+HESc exhibited significantly lower body weight gain (199.4 ± 8.6 g), body mass index (328.0 ± 3.8 g1/3.cm−1), and white adipose tissue mass (2.58 ± 0.19 g/100 g bw), compared to obese rats receiving vehicle (245.1 ± 14.9 g; 3.47 ± 3.09 g1/3.cm−1; 3.65 ± 0.55 g/100 g bw, respectively). No difference was observed between lean groups. Obese rats treated with HESc showed a 2‐fold increase in lipolytic activity in the periepididymal fat pad compared to obese rats without treatment (4.81 ± 0.44 vs. 2.75 ± 0.36 mg/mg/h), as well as, reduced triglyceride levels in serum (129.3 ± 13.2 vs. 237.4 ± 36.3 mg/dL), liver (8.71 ± 1.04 vs. 18.38 ± 2.39 mg/g tissue) and skeletal muscle (8.03 ± 1.03 vs. 13.2 ± 1.44 mg/g tissue). Furthermore, HESc also improved hyperinsulinemia (1.125 ± 0.23 vs. 1.93 ± 0.24 ng/mL) and insulin resistance in obese+HESc rats (HOMA‐IR index: 6.02 ± 1.3 vs. 10.8 ± 1.9), as compared to obese rats. HESc had no effect in lean rats. Assessment of ex vivo glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion showed HESc potentiated pancreatic function in islets isolated from both lean (1.84 ± 0.24 vs. 0.96 ± 0.14 ng/mL/h) and obese rats (3.20 ± 0.39 vs. 2.32 ± 0.22 ng/mL/h) treated with HESc. In addition, HESc (100 μg/mL) increased glucose stimulated insulin secretion from both isolated rat islets (4.2 ± 1.09 vs. 1.83 ± 0.29 ng/mL/4 islets/h) and INS‐1E β cells (23.9 ± 2.5 vs. 12.3 ± 1.11 ng/mL/4h), as compared to basal insulin release. HPLC‐MS/MS characterization of the HESc polyphenolic profile, at 254 nm, identified 15 compounds pertaining to hydrolysable tannins and flavanol subclasses. These data demonstrate that S. cumini leaves improved peripheral insulin sensitivity via stimulating/modulating beta cell insulin release, which was associated with improvements in metabolic outcomes in MSG‐induced obese rats.Support or Funding InformationFAPEMA, CAPES, CNPQ and UFMA
HPV Related Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck Metastatic to the Small Bowel: First Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Patel Amit P , Neill Kevin G , Leon Marino , Coppola Domenico 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUNDHuman papillomavirus (HPV) related squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx (OHPV‐SCC) have become increasingly prevalent in recent years. We report the first case of metastatic OHPV‐SCC to the small bowel and its clinical pathological features, illustrating the nature of this lesion. A review of the literature is included to discuss the current understanding of oropharyngeal HPV‐SCC (OHPV‐SCC), the role of p16 immunostain and HPV detection in these clinical settings.CASE PRESENTATIONWe report the first proven case of OHPV‐SCC metastatic to the small bowel. The patient is a 68 year‐old male that was originally diagnosed with OHPV‐SCC. He was treated with chemoradiation that resulted in tumor regression. Two years later, he presented with acute neurological symptoms suggestive of a cerebrovascular accident. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed numerous metastatic lesions that involved multiple organs including the brain, lungs and liver. Imaging also showed an area of small bowel thickening with mesenteric stranding and pneumatosis that was suggestive of perforation. During exploratory surgery, a small bowel perforation was identified and a partial bowel resection was performed. Histopathological examination of the small bowel specimen showed transmural infiltration of a squamous cell carcinoma (Figure 1A,B). The tumor cells were strongly positive for p16 (Figure 2), cytokeratin 5/6 and high‐risk HPV chromogenic in situ hybridization, conclusive of a metastatic OHPV‐SCCA. A review of the literature showed prior cases of head and neck SCC metastatic to the small bowel, but none of the cases were identified as HPV related.CONCLUSIONWe present here the first reported case of OHPV‐SCC metastatic to the small bowel. A review of the literature showed that previous cases of head and neck cancers metastatic to the small bowel have been reported. However, none of these reports was proven to be HPV related. Our case presents immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization features supporting the final diagnosis.
Exploring the Proteomic and Genomic Relationships between CtBP Expression and Metabolic Imbalance in Breast Cancer
Authors: Crawford Lindsey , Hernandez‐Mora Roberto , Park Sam , Byun Jung S. , Gardner Kevin 
Published: November 2023

Over 200,000 American women are diagnosed with breast cancer annually. Although the mortality rate of diagnosed patients has decreased over the years, there are still breast cancer health disparities that exist in the United States. Research studies have shown that although European American women have the highest breast cancer incidence rate, the highest breast cancer death rate is observed in African American women. Additionally, obesity has also been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women, having a three times higher risk of death from disease, with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 40 kg/m2, compared to their healthier counterparts. Our lab is currently focused on analyzing the role of C‐Terminal Binding Proteins (CtBP), a family of NADH‐dependent nuclear regulators that respond to metabolic imbalance and function as transcriptional corepressors when targeted to gene promotors. As cancer cells exhibit higher levels of lactic acid production and glucose consumption in the presence of a significant amount of oxygen, the steady state levels of NADH rises creating aNAD+/NADH redox imbalance. This metabolic imbalance, called the Warburg Effect, can be linked to CtBP's possible role in breast cancer.Using Immunohistochemistry and RNA‐seq to profile both the protein levels and RNA expression, we are exploring the trends across the breast cancer subtypes and determining how they correlate with certain patient parameters, such as ethnicity, menopausal status, ERstatus, and BMI. From the numerous fixed parameters, multiple correlations within the patient data set were found revealing an intriguing set of trends that form the basis for future analysis. For example, we have discovered a correlation between high protein levels of CtBP with the Luminal B subtype, a more aggressive subtype of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Although a high gene expression of ESPL1, a newly discovered Luminal B breast cancer subtype oncogene, has also been correlated with Luminal B, ESPL1 was anti‐correlated with CtBP. This finding suggests that there may be two different molecular/phenotypic subtypes of Luminal B. The significant anti‐correlation between ESPL1 and CtBP was not seen in the other breast cancer subtypes. Notably this relationship is significantly modified by Race, menopausal status and BMI. The trends found exploring the proteomic and genomic relationships allows us to begin to explore how CtBP may link race and metabolic status with gene expression and outcome in breast cancer.
Apigenin attenuates CCL2 release from TNFα and IL‐1a stimulated MDA‐MB‐231 triple negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Bauer David F. , Mazzio Elizabeth A , Soliman Karam F. 
Published: November 2023

Apigenin is a natural chemo‐preventative bioflavonoid found in parsley, which exerts anti‐tumor and anti‐inflammatory properties. The role of the immune system in tumor initiation, promotion and progression is highly a function of tumor associated macrophage (TAM) infiltrates to the tumor tissue, which are drawn in by chemokines such as CCL2 and IL‐1a released from malignant tissue itself. High concentrations of both CCL2 and IL‐1a are implicated in aggressive metastatic tumors with poor prognosis. In this study we explore the tumorigenic effects of TNFα on MDA‐MB‐231 triple negative cells (ATCC® HTB‐26™) on CCL2 and IL‐1a and evaluate if apigenin can attenuate both TAM recruitment chemokines. RT‐PCR microarray results show that TNFα (40ng/mL) induced a major shift in cell release of 1/88 cytokines tested; found to be IL‐1 and co‐expressed with CCL2. IL‐1a alone evoked a rise in CCL2, suggesting that either TNFα mediates its effects through IL‐1a or they are likely to trigger similar downstream pathway signaling. Both cytokines were attenuated by sub‐lethal concentration of apigenin (40μM) which corresponded to significant down regulation of mRNA transcription and protein synthesis. These findings provide evidence to suggest apigenin has the capacity to modulate immunological signaling of cancer cells, which prevent cascades that further direct infiltration of TAMS, a pivotal role in tumor cell immunological evasion, initiation and growth.Support or Funding InformationNIMHD Grants G12MD007582 and Grant Number P20 MD006738.
Anti‐angiogenic activity of nicotinic receptor antagonists in lung cancer
Authors: Robateau Zachary , Brown Kathleen C , Creel Rebecca G , Chen Yi C , Grover Lawrence M , Mangiarua Elsa I , Egleton Richard D , Dasgupta Piyali 
Published: November 2023

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly angiogenic tumor with a dismal survival rate. Cisplatin‐based therapies are initially effective in SCLC. However, the tumor relapses and subsequently becomes resistant to cisplatin‐based therapies. Pilot clinical trials have shown that the combination of cisplatin with an anti‐angiogenic agent can improve therapeutic response of small cell lung cancer patients. A unique feature of SCLC is that it occurs almost exclusively in smokers. Nicotine, the addictive component of cigarettes, can promote angiogenesis in lung cancer. We show that nicotine stimulates angiogenesis in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) and human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HMECLs). The proangiogenic effects of nicotine were mediated via the α7‐nAChR subunit. We conjectured that α7‐nAChR antagonists should attenuate nicotine‐induced angiogenesis and be useful for the therapy of angiogenesis‐related diseases. Our results show that the α7‐nAChR antagonist memantine displays potent anti‐angiogenic activity in the Matrigel model and chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Another α7‐nAChR antagonist MG624 also inhibited nicotine‐induced angiogenesis in lung endothelial cells. Our studies show that α7‐nAChR antagonists may be useful for novel combination therapies in human SCLC.Support or Funding InformationFunding for our study was supported by ACTSI Grant from Marshall University
Combinatorial apoptotic activity of capsaicin and camptothecin in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Stover Cody A , Perry Haley E , Brown Kathleen C , Rollyson William D , Dasgupta Piyali 
Published: November 2023

Cisplatin‐based chemotherapy is the standard of care for small cell lung cancer. However, one of the challenges with SCLC therapy is that patients quickly become resistant to cisplatin. Patients with platinum resistant or refractory disease have very limited options, as the only standard chemotherapy with an FDA‐approved drug, camptothecin, has an objective response rate of approximately 3% and little or no survival benefit. Such sobering statistics define the arena where there is an urgent need for drugs which may increase the efficacy of camptothecin in platinum resistant disease. The present study tests the hypothesis that capsaicin can sensitize human SCLC cells to the apoptotic effects of cisplatin or camptothecin. Caspase‐3 activity assays reveal that the combination of camptothecin and capsaicin displayed greater apoptotic activity than any of the compounds used alone. We verified these results using a second apoptosis assay and obtained similar results. Chicken chorioallantoic membrane assays confirmed the combinatorial effects of capsaicin and camptothecin. Capsaicin also sensitized cisplatin‐resistant SCLC cells to camptothecin‐induced apoptosis. The synergistic effects of capsaicin and camptothecin are mediated by intracellular calcium and the calpain pathway. Our data foster the hope of novel combination therapies for platinum‐resistant SCLCs.Support or Funding InformationFunding for our study was supported by the an NIH R15‐AREA Grant (1R15HL113681‐01A1) and an AICR Investigator Grant.
60 Minutes of Tension: The Hour Long Research Talk
Authors: Marcucio Ralph 
Published: November 2023

The hour‐long research talk is one of the most coveted talks to be invited to give. While the shorter talks are meant to tell single vignettes, the longer talk is a platform for you to place your work in the perspective of the larger field, and to illustrate your road map to achieve your long‐term goals. Using your time to tell a compelling story is essential to convey the mission of your laboratory, and to highlight your accomplishments and those of your trainees. There are a number of ways to prepare this talk, but they should all start with broad brush strokes about the field that you are working in, and should set the stage for the experiments and data that will follow. An overarching hypothesis can be developed in this section of the talk that is then tested in various ways throughout the talk. Breaking this talk into a series of segments that tell short related stories can be an effective means to deliver your work. Linking these segments with coherent vision is an important consideration in order to keep your audience engaged and focused on your work. An effective way to present your work is to use a literary convention called a story arc. In a story arc a protagonist is introduced and a series of events occur that generate and finally relieve tension. In each segment of the scientific talk you can introduce the specific question being asked, and then use a series of slides to slowly increase the tension as you build toward the most important pieces of data, then you relieve the tension by backing up that key information with supporting data before moving to the next linked story. Summations and transitions between the elements of the talk are essential for ensuring that the audience stays with you along the way. Finally, personal stories of discovery are often compelling because they place work in a humanistic context. Explaining how a post‐doc came to an idea or conclusion illustrates the real process of scientific discovery. There is a person (people) behind your work and telling their stories are often engaging. Sixty minutes of data is boring, telling the story behind your work is not. So, avoid a 60 minute data‐dump, and instead tell the story of your place in science.Support or Funding InformationNIH: NIDCR: R01‐DE018234, R01‐DE019638, R01‐DE021708, NIA: R01‐AG046282
TGF‐beta induces the expression of Scleraxis in lung fibroblasts from Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Aragon Miguel Ramirez , Oropeza Manuel Alejandro Blancas , Sanchez Fernando Hernandez , Lagunas Alfredo Cruz , Czubryt Michael P. , Milla Criselda Mendoza 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive and lethal lung disease. Its pathogenesis is not totally understood but is characterized by the expansion of the fibroblast population and excessive extracellular matrix accumulation with the subsequent destruction of the lung architecture. The latter processes are regulated by TGF‐beta by the activation of various transcription factors such as SMAD2/3 or bHLH family members. Scleraxis (SCX) is a transcriptional factor of the bHLH family. It has been reported active during the early stages of embryonic development, but recent evidence demonstrate that SCX participate in fibrotic processes in adults organs like heart and kidneys, promoting Collagen I synthesis, one of the most abundant matrix proteins in IPF. However the role of SCX in IPF is unknown. Therefore, taking into account recent evidence, we hypothesized that SCX can play an important role in the pathogenesis of IPF.AimTo determine if Scleraxis have a role in IPF.MethodsWe first examined by qPCR and Western Blot the basal expression of SCX in primary cultures of lung fibroblasts from healthy subjects and IPF patients; and in two transformed human cell lines (A549 and MLE12 derived from human and mice alveolar epithelium respectively). Then we explored the role of TGF‐beta in the activation of SCX. We stimulated epithelial cells and fibroblasts with 10 ng/ml TGF‐beta for 24 hours and examined expression changes in SCX.ResultsWe found that SCX is not expressed in normal human lungs fibroblasts while in IPF lung fibroblasts it is expressed in basal conditions and increase after 48 hours from TGF‐beta stimulus. In alveolar epithelial cells SCX showed an increase in the mRNA levels after 24 hours from TGF‐beta stimulus.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that Scleraxis is present in pulmonary fibroblasts obtained from IPF patients; therefore SCX may participate in IPF.Support or Funding InformationPosgrado en Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico