bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustained elimination of parenteral support in adult patients with under 60 cm of small intestine: A case series
Authors: Catron Hilary , Hanson Corrine , Beerman Laura , Carney Jaime , Janiak Kathryn , Gerhardt Brandi , Rochling Fedja , Mercer David 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPatients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) are often managed by expert multidisciplinary teams. One of the main goals in the management of SBS is the weaning of parenteral support (PS). Weaning of PS removes the risks associated with long‐term central line placement and eliminates the need for intestinal transplant. Whereas several papers detail the ongoing care and management of patients with SBS who are dependent on PS, there are few reports discussing the successful weaning of PS in this patient population. We present five case studies examining weaning of PS in adult patients with <60‐cm small bowel and partial or full colon who were enrolled in a multidisciplinary adult intestinal rehabilitation program. The case studies demonstrate weaning can occur >2 years after initial assessment and enrollment in an expert program. The ability of the program to focus on individualized care and frequent patient communication is key to PS weaning in patients with SBS.
GPR velocity correction method in transversely heterogeneous media based on CMP data
Authors: Ling Jianyu , Qian Rongyi , Zhang Jun , Ma Zhenning , Liu Xu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDetermining ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) velocity has always been a critical problem. The GPR velocity estimation method based on common midpoint (CMP) data has been widely used because of its simplicity. However, we found that in sediment investigation and soil assessment, transversal heterogeneity is universal, which violates the basic assumption of velocity estimation through CMP data. Due to the rapid change of underground media and the limitation of the scope of some surveying areas, the CMP survey line will inevitably be selected in the area where the velocity changes laterally, making it difficult to obtain accurate velocity. To address this problem, we propose a velocity correction method. First, we determined the characteristics of CMP data and the corresponding velocity spectra acquired in transversely heterogeneous media through numerical simulations. Subsequently, we found that the simulated CMP data could determine the location of changes in the underground medium, and that the velocity obtained from the semblance analysis could be corrected according to the location where the medium changes laterally. We then used models wherein the thickness, relative permittivity and proportion of abnormal parts varied independently or simultaneously to verify the proposed velocity correction method. The results show that our method can control the GPR velocity error within 3.44%, and the precision is about 0.002 m/ns. Finally, we conducted a sediment investigation experiment on a channel bar in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. We determined the interface at which the sediment changed transversely and obtained the corresponding electromagnetic velocity using the proposed method. This study provides a reliable method for determining the GPR velocity in transversal heterogeneous media, which is of great significance for various practical applications.
Enhancement of nonlinear optical properties of nanocarbon cluster C60 by aluminum doping
Authors: Zhao Yaoxiao , Chen Weixing , Li Mengyang , Yuan Kun , An Meng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe search for good nonlinear optical (NLO) materials is of utmost importance in laser technology and optical information science, making it a popular research topic in materials science. It is reported that the introduction of alkali metal Li can enhance the NLO properties of nanocarbon materials. Here, metal Al, which exhibits similar electron transfer characteristics to Li, was used for the first time to enhance the NLO properties of nanocarbon cluster C60, which possesses a large delocalized π structure and the highest yield in the fullerene family. Density functional theory calculations in combination with Boltzmann distribution showed that the most thermodynamically stable Al@Ih(1812)‐C60 exhibited good second‐order NLO properties, which originated from the noncentrosymmetry geometry and one extra delocalized electron on Ih(1812)‐C60 from the 3p shell of inner Al. Density of state analysis indicated that the molecular orbitals of Al@Ih(1812)‐C60 were primarily formed by Ih(1812)‐C60 with minimal Al participation, and the presence of Al always resulted in an antibonding orbital effect. Bond critical point and electron localization function analyses indicated almost no covalent interaction between Al and Ih(1812)‐C60. Exohedral functionalization was employed to further stabilize Al@Ih(1812)‐C60 with radical character, and the infrared spectrum was also analyzed in detail. This study has promising implications for expanding the potential applications of fullerenes in optical devices.
Beyond Prediction Similarity: ShapGAP for Evaluating Faithful Surrogate Models in XAI
Authors: Mariotti Ettore , Sivaprasad Adarsa , Moral Jose Maria Alonso 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe growing importance of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has highlighted the need to understand the decision-making processes of black-box models. Surrogation, emulating a black-box model (BB) with a white-box model (WB), is crucial in applications where BBs are unavailable due to security or practical concerns. Traditional fidelity measures only evaluate the similarity of the final predictions, which can lead to a significant limitation: considering a WB faithful even when it has the same prediction as the BB but with a completely different rationale. Addressing this limitation is crucial to develop Trustworthy AI practical applications beyond XAI. To address this issue, we introduce ShapGAP, a novel metric that assesses the faithfulness of surrogate models by comparing their reasoning paths, using SHAP explanations as a proxy. We validate the effectiveness of ShapGAP by applying it to real-world datasets from healthcare and finance domains, comparing its performance against traditional fidelity measures. Our results show that ShapGAP enables better understanding and trust in XAI systems, revealing the potential dangers of relying on models with high task accuracy but unfaithful explanations. ShapGAP serves as a valuable tool for identifying faithful surrogate models, paving the way for more reliable and Trustworthy AI applications.
HOLY: An Ontology Covering the Hydrogen Market
Authors: Ascencion Arevalo Kiara M. , Neunsinger Christoph , Zimmermann Roland , Blum Ralph , Weakly Kendra 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the Hydrogen Ontology (HOLY), a domain ontology modeling the complex and dynamic structures of hydrogen-based markets. The hydrogen economy has become a politically and economically crucial sector for the transition to renewable energy, accelerating technological and socio-economic innovations. However, the attainment of market insights requires a large variety of informational concepts which are predominantly found in unstructured text data. HOLY provides the necessary structure for the representation of these concepts. Through a top-down approach, HOLY defines taxonomies based on a hierarchical structure of products and applications. In addition, to ensure reusability, the ontology incorporates components from established ontologies in its structure. As a result, HOLY consists of over 100 classes defining information about organizations, projects, components, products, applications, markets, and indicators. Hence, our work contributes to the systemic modeling of the hydrogen domain with a focus on its value chain. Formally, we represent and validate the ontology with Semantic Web Technologies. HOLY includes lexical-semantic information (e.g., synonyms, hyponyms, definitions, and examples) to simplify data integration into knowledge acquisition systems. Therefore, we provide a foundation for the retrieval, storage, and delivery of market insights. A first application based on HOLY at the Fraunhofer IIS offers an up-to-date market overview of developments in the fuel cell environment.
Geotechnical variability of the soils of Quito, Ecuador: a geodatabase study
Authors: Othman M.M. , Hen-Jones R. , Zapata C. , Jiménez E. , De Luca F. , Holcombe E.A. , Vardanega P.J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a new geotechnical database for the soils of Quito, Ecuador. The geotechnical database is then used to investigate the best fit probability distributions for the key geotechnical parameters contained in the database. Using the Akaike information criteria for best fit selection, SPT (N), plasticity index, Vs30, peak friction angle (direct shear), and apparent cohesion (triaxial) are best represented by a Weibull distribution. The peak friction angle (triaxial) is best fitted with a truncated normal distribution. The database is also used to develop transformation models to allow for the estimation of more complex geotechnical parameters from intrinsic ones. This analysis shows that the transformation model between Vs30 and SPT (N) has high coefficients of determination and is statistically significant. Finally, the systematic collection of information in the database is used to investigate the assumption, based on engineering judgement by local practitioners, that soil derived from volcanic deposits and volcano-lacustrine sediments in the northern part of Quito has different geotechnical properties with respect to the southern zone of the city beyond the value of shear wave velocity whose difference is embedded in the soil classification map of the seismic code.
Screening Instrument for Dysphagia in People with an Intellectual Disability (SD-ID): Quick and Reliable Screening by Caregivers
Authors: van der Woude T. S. , Schüller-Korevaar R. M. , Ulgiati A.M. , Pavlis-Maldonado G.J. , Hovenkamp-Hermelink J.H.M. , Dekker A.D. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background and Aim
Timely diagnosis of dysphagia is important for people with an intellectual disability. Periodic screening of each individual by speech-language therapists is barely feasible with respect to limited resources. Therefore, preselection of individuals with an increased dysphagia risk through screening by caregivers is crucial.

Objective
This study aimed to develop the novel Screening instrument for Dysphagia for people with an Intellectual Disability (SD-ID).

Methods
The SD-ID was developed, validated and optimised in two rounds. Version 3, consisting of nine risk factors and 20 items concerning eating/drinking behaviour, was thoroughly studied for feasibility, concurrent validity and reliability, and then optimised.

Outcomes and Results
The SD-ID (version 3) was filled out in an average of four minutes (feasibility). A strong positive association was found between scores on SD-ID and Dysphagia Disorder Survey (concurrent validity). Test-retest and interrater reliability were very good. Two additional risk factors were added and two items removed to yield the final version 4. The most optimal cut-off score appeared to be either 4 or 5.

Conclusions and Implications
The SD-ID is a reliable instrument to screen for an increased risk of dysphagia in people with an intellectual disability. Ideally it is part of a cyclic work process: Screening with SD-ID (step 1), diagnostic work-up if necessary (step 2), recommendations (step 3), and evaluation (step 4).
Laws of Large Numbers for Weighted Sums of Independent Random Variables: A Game of Mass
Authors: Avena Luca , da Costa Conrado 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe consider weighted sums of independent random variables regulated by an increment sequence and provide operative conditions that ensure a strong law of large numbers for such sums in both the centred and non-centred case. The existing criteria for the strong law are either implicit or based on restrictions on the increment sequence. In our setup we allow for an arbitrary sequence of increments, possibly random, provided the random variables regulated by such increments satisfy some mild concentration conditions. In the non-centred case, convergence can be translated into the behaviour of a deterministic sequence and it becomes a game of mass when the expectation of the random variables is a function of the increment sizes. We identify various classes of increments and illustrate them with a variety of concrete examples.
Using Bayesian Neural Networks for Uncertainty Assessment of Ore Type Boundaries in Complex Geological Models
Authors: Jordão Helga , Sousa António Jorge , Soares Amílcar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBuilding an orebody model is a key step in the design and operation of a mine because it provides the basis for follow-up mine decisions. Recently, it was shown that convolutional neural networks can successfully reproduce the manual geological interpretation of a complex ore deposit. The deep learning approach mitigates the shortcomings of a labor-intensive process that greatly limits the speed at which geological resources can be updated. However, convolutional neural network architectures lack the ability to measure the confidence of their predictions. In this study, we tried to assess the uncertainty of the boundaries of these domains so that the characterization of metal grades within them can account for this uncertainty. We explored and compared Monte Carlo Dropout and Bayesian neural networks to assess the uncertainty of deep convolutional neural network models trained to predict geological domains conditioned to drill-hole data. Monte Carlo Dropout uncertainty maps reflect the uncertainty in geological interpretations. The uncertainty is highest in areas where the interpreter/geologist had more difficulty delineating the boundaries of geological bodies. This is known as geological interpretation uncertainty. In contrast, Bayesian neural network uncertainty is visible depending on ore type frequency, complexity, and heterogeneity. Bayesian neural networks are able to better represent the uncertainty regarding the unknown. The application example here is a real case study of several ore types from a polymetallic sulfide orebody located in the south of Portugal.
First-person constraints on dynamic-mechanistic explanations in neuroscience: The case of migraine and epilepsy models
Authors: Pokropski Marek , Suffczynski Piotr 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAccording to recent discussion, cross-explanatory integration in cognitive science might proceed by constraints on mechanistic and dynamic-mechanistic models provided by different research fields. However, not much attention has been given to constraints that could be provided by the study of first-person experience, which in the case of multifaceted mental phenomena are of key importance. In this paper, we fill this gap and consider the question whether information about first-person experience can constrain dynamic-mechanistic models and what the character of this relation is. We discuss two cases of such explanatory models in neuroscience, namely that of migraine and of epilepsy. We argue that, in these cases, first-person insights about the target phenomena significantly contributed to explanatory models by shaping explanatory hypotheses and by indicating the dynamical properties that the explanatory models of these phenomena should account for, and thus directly constraining the space of possible explanations.
Skeleton Ground Truth Extraction: Methodology, Annotation Tool and Benchmarks
Authors: Yang Cong , Indurkhya Bipin , See John , Gao Bo , Ke Yan , Boukhers Zeyd , Yang Zhenyu , Grzegorzek Marcin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSkeleton Ground Truth (GT) is critical to the success of supervised skeleton extraction methods, especially with the popularity of deep learning techniques. Furthermore, we see skeleton GTs used not only for training skeleton detectors with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), but also for evaluating skeleton-related pruning and matching algorithms. However, most existing shape and image datasets suffer from the lack of skeleton GT and inconsistency of GT standards. As a result, it is difficult to evaluate and reproduce CNN-based skeleton detectors and algorithms on a fair basis. In this paper, we present a heuristic strategy for object skeleton GT extraction in binary shapes and natural images. Our strategy is built on an extended theory of diagnosticity hypothesis, which enables encoding human-in-the-loop GT extraction based on clues from the target’s context, simplicity, and completeness. Using this strategy, we developed a tool, SkeView, to generate skeleton GT of 17 existing shape and image datasets. The GTs are then structurally evaluated with representative methods to build viable baselines for fair comparisons. Experiments demonstrate that GTs generated by our strategy yield promising quality with respect to standard consistency, and also provide a balance between simplicity and completeness.
Influence of Fault System Geometry and Slip Rates on the Relative Role of Coseismic and Interseismic Stresses on Earthquake Triggering and Recurrence Variability
Authors: Sgambato Claudia , Faure Walker Joanna P. , Roberts Gerald P. , Mildon Zoë K. , Meschis Marco 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe model Coulomb stress transfer (CST) due to 30 strong earthquakes occurring on normal faults since 1509 CE in Calabria, Italy, including the influence of interseismic loading, and compare the results to existing studies of stress interaction from the Central and Southern Apennines, Italy. The three normal fault systems have different geometries and long‐term slip‐rates. We investigate the extent to which stress transfer can influence the occurrence of future earthquakes and what factors may govern the variability in earthquake recurrence in different fault systems. The Calabrian, Central Apennines, and Southern Apennines fault systems have 91%, 73%, and 70% of faults with mean positive cumulative CST in the time considered; this is due to fewer faults across strike, more across strike stress reductions, and greater along‐strike spacing in the three regions respectively. In regions with close along strike spacing or few faults across strike, such as Calabria and Southern Apennines, the stress loading history is mostly dominated by interseismic loading and most faults are positively stressed before an earthquake occur on them (96% of all faults that ruptured in Calabria; 94% of faults in Southern Apennines), and some of the strongest earthquakes occur on faults with the highest mean cumulative stress of all faults prior to the earthquake. In the Central Apennines, where across strike interactions are the predominant process, 79% of earthquakes occur on faults positively stressed. The results highlight that fault system geometry plays a central role in characterizing the stress evolution associated with earthquake recurrence.
Targeting the COMMD4–H2B protein complex in lung cancer
Authors: Tang Ming , Burgess Joshua T. , Fisher Mark , Boucher Didier , Bolderson Emma , Gandhi Neha S. , O’Byrne Kenneth J. , Richard Derek J. , Suraweera Amila 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Lung cancer is the biggest cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85–90% of all lung cancers. Identification of novel therapeutic targets are required as drug resistance impairs chemotherapy effectiveness. COMMD4 is a potential NSCLC therapeutic target. The aims of this study were to investigate the COMMD4-H2B binding pose and develop a short H2B peptide that disrupts the COMMD4-H2B interaction and mimics COMMD4 siRNA depletion.

Methods
Molecular modelling, in vitro binding and site-directed mutagenesis were used to identify the COMMD4-H2B binding pose and develop a H2B peptide to inhibit the COMMD4-H2B interaction. Cell viability, DNA repair and mitotic catastrophe assays were performed to determine whether this peptide can specially kill NSCLC cells.

Results
Based on the COMMD4-H2B binding pose, we have identified a H2B peptide that inhibits COMMD4-H2B by directly binding to COMMD4 on its H2B binding binding site, both in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of NSCLC cell lines with this peptide resulted in increased sensitivity to ionising radiation, increased DNA double-strand breaks and induction of mitotic catastrophe in NSCLC cell lines.

Conclusions
Our data shows that COMMD4-H2B represents a novel potential NSCLC therapeutic target.
Vagal sensory neurons mediate the Bezold–Jarisch reflex and induce syncope
Authors: Lovelace Jonathan W. , Ma Jingrui , Yadav Saurabh , Chhabria Karishma , Shen Hanbing , Pang Zhengyuan , Qi Tianbo , Sehgal Ruchi , Zhang Yunxiao , Bali Tushar , Vaissiere Thomas , Tan Shawn , Liu Yuejia , Rumbaugh Gavin , Ye Li , Kleinfeld David , Stringer Carsen , Augustine Vineet 
Published: November 2023

AbstractVisceral sensory pathways mediate homeostatic reflexes, the dysfunction of which leads to many neurological disorders1. The Bezold–Jarisch reflex (BJR), first described2,3 in 1867, is a cardioinhibitory reflex that is speculated to be mediated by vagal sensory neurons (VSNs) that also triggers syncope. However, the molecular identity, anatomical organization, physiological characteristics and behavioural influence of cardiac VSNs remain mostly unknown. Here we leveraged single-cell RNA-sequencing data and HYBRiD tissue clearing4 to show that VSNs that express neuropeptide Y receptor Y2 (NPY2R) predominately connect the heart ventricular wall to the area postrema. Optogenetic activation of NPY2R VSNs elicits the classic triad of BJR responses—hypotension, bradycardia and suppressed respiration—and causes an animal to faint. Photostimulation during high-resolution echocardiography and laser Doppler flowmetry with behavioural observation revealed a range of phenotypes reflected in clinical syncope, including reduced cardiac output, cerebral hypoperfusion, pupil dilation and eye-roll. Large-scale Neuropixels brain recordings and machine-learning-based modelling showed that this manipulation causes the suppression of activity across a large distributed neuronal population that is not explained by changes in spontaneous behavioural movements. Additionally, bidirectional manipulation of the periventricular zone had a push–pull effect, with inhibition leading to longer syncope periods and activation inducing arousal. Finally, ablating NPY2R VSNs specifically abolished the BJR. Combined, these results demonstrate a genetically defined cardiac reflex that recapitulates characteristics of human syncope at physiological, behavioural and neural network levels.