bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From the Screen (to the Screen) to the Concert Hall
Authors: Greenfield-Casas Stefan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The PlayStation 2 game Kingdom Hearts (2002) was the result of a synergetic collaboration between two media powerhouses (Disney and Square Enix) and their respective properties. In the game, characters from both franchises cohabitate the many in-game “worlds” players must save from evil. These worlds are largely built upon the settings of Disney movies, with Kingdom Hearts composer Yoko Shimomura frequently arranging and adapting the original scores from these films for the game. This chapter draws on the Kingdom Hearts series (2002–present) to show how arrangements of preexisting music can be used as world-building and world-bridging devices. Expanding on James Buhler’s notion of musically “branding” a franchise—the politics of merging two media franchises— the argument that music is fundamental in mediating this merger is considered. Further still, arrangements of Shimomura’s composition “Dearly Beloved” (Kingdom Heart’s own musical brand) are used to show how the virtual game world and our “real” world have been bridged with these arrangements.
Culture and Trust in Organizational Contexts
Authors: Fulmer C. Ashley , Gillespie Nicole , Ferrin Donald L. , Denison Emmy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Understanding the interface of trust and culture is critical as employees and organizations continue to communicate and interact across groups and borders. In this chapter, we review the literature on culture and trust in organizational settings, focusing primarily on research published since 2010. We examine the influences of culture on trust, within-culture differences in trust, as well as trust in intercultural relationships. Further, recognizing that trust can influence culture such that the culture–trust relationship is recursive, we also discuss research on trust as culture and cultural context. Following the review, we identify theoretical implications, such as exploring trust as a determinant of culture development and the effects of cultural change on trust, as well as practical implications in the areas of artificial intelligence, HR analytics, political and societal divisions, and trust pedagogies and interventions. Research on culture and trust is thriving in organization science, with many exciting opportunities still awaiting investigation.
National Culture and Strategic Management
Authors: Judge William Q. , Norouzi Aiden , Farrell Matthew 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, we review over a quarter century of scholarly organizational science literature that explores the influence of national social culture on strategic management processes and choices. While the literature discusses a wide array of cultural frameworks, we find that Hofstede’s framework is by far the most popular one among strategy scholars. Notably, Kogut and Singh’s (1988) cultural distance concept is the single most common construct used to examine the influence of culture on strategy. In our review of the strategic management literature, we examine the impact of national culture on strategic management processes and content. We find that the early literature treated culture primarily as an antecedent of strategy, but more recent literature more commonly positions it as a moderator of the relationship between an antecedent and strategy. We conclude our review by advancing five separate recommendations for strategy scholars and five recommendations for practitioners to consider.
Culture and Performance Management at Individual and Team Levels
Authors: Aycan Zeynep , Demirag Burak Elif Gizem 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews the cross-cultural literature to identify the trends and gaps in three phases of the performance management (PM) process for individual employees and teams in organizations: (1) goal setting, (2) performance appraisal (methods, biases, and feedback), and (3) rewards and reinforcements. The review suggests the convergence of some of the PM practices in recent years (e.g., preference for merit- and individual-based reward schemes) and identifies emic themes such as moqi, guanxi, wasta, and evil eye. Several conclusions have been drawn from the review. First, the effect of culture is better conceptualized as a moderator between the PM and outcomes at the organizational and individual levels. Second, there are differences between espoused values and actual practices in PM. Third, there are two pathways through which culture influences PM practices: perceived fairness and justice, and self-related assumptions underlying PM practices. The chapter concludes with practical implications for domestic and multinational concerns.
The Banqueting Tesserae from Palmyra
Authors: Raja Rubina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The banqueting tesserae, most of which were found scattered across the site, but with large concentrations in the sanctuaries of the city, remain one of the best sources documenting the diversity of the religious life of Palmyra. While a corpus was published in 1955, which gave a fine overview of the more than 1,100 types of tesserae, these small tokens have only recently begun to be studied in a systematic way, which now allows scholars to say much more about the implications that they carry for understanding Palmyrene religious life. The small objects, usually made of clay and not measuring more than a few centimetres in diameter, hold a rich and varied iconography connected with the city’s cults, deities, and priesthoods.
Religious Architecture in Palmyra
Authors: Le Blanc Robyn L. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The chapter provides an overview of the architecture of six Palmyrene temples and their sanctuaries from the first century bc to the third century ad, particularly in reference to their lengthy building histories, supported by ample inscriptional evidence attesting to sanctuary patrons. The combination of Graeco-Roman and Near Eastern architectural styles, especially embodied in the sanctuaries of Bēl and Baalshamin, is also discussed, as is the use of sanctuaries for a range of religious and civic activities. Finally, the chapter addresses future areas of fruitful research into religious architecture at Palmyra, in particular that focused on the experiences of ancient visitors and new research avenues made possible by digital tools and approaches.
Religious Life and Priestly Representations in Palmyra
Authors: Raja Rubina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The evidence for religious life at Palmyra is broad, ranging from sanctuaries, to altars, to religious reliefs and sculpture as well as inscriptions. However, the visual representations of Palmyrene priests, distinctly recognisable through their priestly headgear—a round hat with a flat top—constitute the largest group of evidence testifying to the local religious life in the Roman period. The representations of Palmyrene priests in the Palmyrene iconography, in particular the funerary sculpture as well as so-called banqueting tesserae, are plentiful. Close to four hundred of these exist in the corpus of funerary limestone sculpture and several hundred in the corpus of the tesserae. While these representations in many ways are repetitive in that they show male Palmyrenes dressed in priestly clothes, they also differ in the detail and unique expressions adapted by the individual to express their societal status. This chapter discusses the role of Palmyrene priests and their visual representations within the framework of our knowledge of the religious life of the oasis city.
Palmyra and Its ‘Dark Ages’ (273–750)
Authors: Intagliata Emanuele E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Zenobia’s defeat and the end of the second Palmyrene revolt (272–273) did not coincide with the end of Palmyra. Evidence for its continued existence is apparent in the immediate aftermath and throughout the centuries that follow. From these historical events, scholars may start to trace the city’s urban transformation. Two of the most important agents of these changes were Christianity, which was present in the settlement at least by the early fourth century, and the military. In the early Islamic period, the city prospered as the centre for a powerful tribe, the Banū Kalb, that supported the caliphate in Damascus. This chapter will briefly trace the history of the Palmyra after Zenobia focusing in particular on the main agents responsible for its urban transformation.
The Numinous Motivation Inventory
Authors: Piedmont Ralph L. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Over the past 25 years, I have been engaged in a program of research aimed at determining whether an empirically sustainable definition of the numinous could be obtained. The first step in this process was the development of an empirical model for establishing the viability of a numinous construct. From there, this epistemology was developed in light of an ontological model I created which outlined the theoretical origins, function, and expression of numinous constructs in our mental life. This ontological model gives direction and focus to the development of explicit measures of the numinous. The Numinous Motivation Inventory (NMI) benefits from these two developments and represents a second-generation measure of numinous functioning. The purpose of this chapter is to present the conceptual foundations and empirical development of the NMI. Its psychometric integrity and empirical predictiveness demonstrates its value over a previous generation measure. The value of the numinous, as operationalized through the NMI, is outlined and its potential for expanding the field discussed.
Spiritually Sensitive Psychotherapy
Authors: Sperry Len 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Increasingly clients expect that therapists and other mental health professionals will incorporate spiritual issues in their psychotherapy and other mental health services. In addition, the ethics codes and diversity policies of the various mental health professions also expect that therapists will be sensitive to spiritual issues. Such expectations require many of these professionals who may have been indifferent or less sensitive to spirituality and spiritual issues to become more sensitive to them. This chapter reports on the paradigm shift that is currently under way in how spiritually sensitive psychotherapy and other mental health services are conceptualized and practiced by an increasing number of mental health professionals. Six indicators of this shift are described, and their implications are discussed.
Honoring Religious Diversity and Universal Spirituality in Psychotherapy
Authors: Richards P. Scott 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Spirituality is a universal human concern and capacity, but there is great diversity in the world concerning how spirituality is understood and practiced. Within this context of diversity, it is challenging for psychotherapists to ethically and effectively work with spiritual issues during treatment in order to facilitate their clients’ healing and growth. This chapter describes some principles and practices that may assist psychotherapists in their efforts to succeed at this important challenge, including seeking competency in religious and spiritual aspects of diversity, selecting a spiritually integrated treatment framework and approach, finding common spiritual ground with clients, and creating a spiritual space that helps clients access the resources of their spirituality during their healing journeys. The chapter also describes a theistic, spiritually integrated model and approach to psychotherapy. It concludes with a brief discussion of recent research findings and needs in this domain.
Psychoanalysis, Psi Phenomena, and Spiritual Space
Authors: Rosenbaum Ruth 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Psychoanalysis, psi phenomena (telepathy, clairvoyance, and psychokinesis), and spirituality might appear to be strange bedfellows. However, with the evolution of psychoanalytic theories of intersubjectivity and scientific studies of psi phenomena, a portrait has emerged of the kind of space within which the self exists. It is a space characterized by indistinct boundaries between self and other, a shared space, and it appears to be crucial for psychological growth and transformation. This concept of the self connecting with an “other” beyond its own localized boundaries is also the basis of spiritual experience and spiritually- inspired forms of transformation, such as miracles and mystical states. In exploring the common ground shared by these overlapping territories of the self’s expansive reach, we may discover the conditions that enhance the possibilities for change and growth in psychoanalysis and, in the process, approach a more comprehensive understanding of the nature of consciousness itself.
Psychology, Meditation, and the Brain Across Contemplative Traditions
Authors: Kelly Brendan D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Virtually all of the world’s major spiritual and religious traditions incorporate elements of meditation or contemplative prayer, although the nature, prominence, and precise features of such practices vary between traditions. Neuroscientific findings indicate that meditation is associated with significant, enduring alterations in patterns of activity in specific brain areas. These, in turn, are linked with the increased attention and alterations in experience of self associated with contemplative practice. Neuroscientific findings are complemented by clinical evidence of relationships between contemplative practice and positive psychological change, leading, for example, to the use of “mindfulness-based cognitive therapy” for depression (combining mindfulness-based techniques from Buddhist tradition with Western cognitive therapeutic approaches). Notwithstanding recent work, substantial potential remains for further research and ongoing dialogue aimed at developing deeper, more integrated understandings of the spiritual, psychological, and biological effects of contemplative practice.
Theoretical and Epistemological Foundations
Authors: Nelson James M. , Slife Brent D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Contemporary psychology of religion and spirituality (PRS) is generally understood as a scientific enterprise involved in empirical hypothesis testing. However, an exploration of the philosophy of science at work in the field reveals a more complex picture. Much PRS inquiry is actually underlaid by a particular set of assumptions about science and the nature of the world that often inhibit our ability to understand what PRS studies. Ontological assumptions like naturalism assume that religious and spiritual phenomena act in a describable law-like manner independent of human values or any inherent meaning, a stance which is fundamentally at odds with the worldview of the religious and spiritual individuals we study. Ethical assumptions can include epistemic values like parsimony in explanation that may unintentionally oversimplify phenomena that are irreducibly complex. Moreover, such assumptions often claim that religion and spirituality are no different than any other kind of phenomena we study, and so the methods generally used in psychology can be applied without alteration in PRS. Uncritical PRS acceptance of these types of assumptions has negatively affected the work of thoughtful investigators, often making the results of their research of little benefit to those they seek to study and help. Analyses that draw on the resources of religious and philosophical thought can provide possible correctives to the problems of these assumptions. One such approach—hermeneutical theory—allows a more contextualized understanding of PRS and comes from a more developed awareness of the assumptions and biases that researchers bring to their work.
Ethical Challenges in the Digitalization of Public Diplomacy
Authors: Huang Zhao Alexandre , Arceneaux Phillip 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Advances in information technology, especially the mainstreaming of social media platforms, affect the exclusivity of traditional diplomacy as elite interaction and negotiation. Public diplomacy actors use the affordances of digital media to pursue continuous, day-to-day communication and deploy their government’s network influence. This diplomatic communication should not exist in an ethical vacuum. Digital diplomacy transcends the boundaries of traditional diplomacy, extending to civil society and touching the public good. Practitioners are faced with professional contradictions in balancing confidentiality versus transparency, exclusivity versus inclusiveness, and national versus public interests. This chapter discusses the professionalization of digital diplomacy practices and outlines the ethical challenges practitioners face in shaping the image and reputation of their government.
Digitalization of Diplomacy
Authors: Sevin Efe 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the impact of digitization of diplomacy for cities. The introduction explains the revived interest in cities as international actors. The second section argues that diplomacy is not the only process through which cities engage with audiences beyond the borders of their home countries, and puts forwards the idea of international activities of cities by merging city branding and city diplomacy. The third section discusses the role of digitization and situates it as a framework to study the aforementioned international activities. These theoretical sections are followed by the empirical part of the chapter that looks at four select cities—New York (USA), Izmir (Turkey), Victoria (Canada), and Akureyri (Iceland). The findings suggest that digitization is a spectrum, rather than a binary variable. Moreover, digitization also brings its own policy and communication challenges by blurring boundaries between audience segments as well as institutions.
International Law, Big Tech Regulation, and Digital Diplomatic Practice
Authors: Baines Victoria 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Tracing the ongoing development of digital international law and relevant regimes, this chapter explores the roles and relationships of key actors, identifies emerging trends, and speculates on future changes to public and customary international law. While there is some consensus concerning the applicability of existing international law, especially in relation to cyber operations that meet the threshold of armed conflict, there is greater disagreement among policy makers and scholars about its sufficiency. Challenges of attribution, jurisdiction, and the location of much Internet infrastructure outside direct state control have given rise to alternative processes that include multinational corporations, civil society organizations, and even individuals as norms shapers, rights holders, and duty bearers. The continued exercise of sovereignty is nevertheless a persistent concern of states, with respect not only to traditional national security issues such as the protection of critical infrastructure, but also to the control of online content and digital innovation. International Relations theory provides a helpful lens through which to view stakeholder perspectives, current contentions, and deliberative processes. Crucially, all actors are increasingly dependent on the spaces and tools they seek to regulate in order to communicate with counterparts and global society on the subject of that very regulation.
From Micro to Macro Digital Disruptions
Authors: Manor Ilan , Pamment James 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Despite the recent growth of the digital diplomacy research corpus, few studies have employed the theoretical framework of digital disruption. We contend that digital disruption may help to explain how and why diplomats adopt digital technologies. Moreover, a theory of digital disruption may help to examine the consequences of diplomats’ use of digital technologies at a national or societal level. To date, digital diplomacy scholars have focused on analysing how digital technologies impact the working routines and procedures of diplomats. We conceptualize such studies as focusing on micro-level digital disruption as they illustrate how digital technologies give rise to new professional norms, values, and routines. In this chapter we argue that micro-level analyses do not fully capture the dynamics of digital disruption. This is because micro-level digital disruption often stems from macro-level disruptions. By macro-level disruption we refer to digital technologies’ impact on governments or societies as a whole. We contend that digital disruption at the macro level is what motivates digital disruption at the micro level, or the level of diplomats’ working routines. However, we also contend that micro-level disruptions reverberate and contribute to additional disruptions at the macro level. We demonstrate the interaction between macro- and micro-level disruption through three case studies.
Diplomatic Negotiations in the Digital Context
Authors: Eggeling Kristin Anabel , Adler-Nissen Rebecca 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers how diplomatic negotiations unfold in the digital context. It asks how digital devices, such as mobile phones, screens, or social media apps, challenge core diplomatic norms and procedures; and, more radically, considers what happens to diplomatic negotiations when the interaction itself is conducted virtually or in hybrid formats. Moving beyond an overview of how diplomatic negotiations can be theorized and studied empirically in digital contexts, we suggest that different approaches build on different understandings of ‘the digital’: as an advantage, a challenge, or as a negotiation in itself. We develop these strands in conversation with the IR literature on ‘digital diplomacy’ and illustrate our points with examples of digitalization and diplomatic practice in the European Union. We discuss critical issues, emerging trends, and procedural changes in diplomatic negotiations by relating them to broader societal digitalization trends. Diplomats’ (work) phones, individual digital competencies, and shared institutional norms co-constitute diplomatic negotiations in the digital context. Beyond a much-needed exploration of how diplomats handle digital devices in everyday negotiations, we suggest that emerging debates on the regulation, management, and limits of digital technology will be crucial for our understanding of diplomatic negotiations in the coming years.
Hindu Economic Ethics
Authors: Vinod Hrishikesh D. , Deodhar Satish Y. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Hinduism is shaped by the four objectives of life (purusharthas), achieved in the context of four stages of life (ashramas), four vocations of life (varnas), and four branches of knowledge (vidyas). Dharma signifies ethical actions in harmony with the eternal laws of the universe. Ancient treatises such as the Vedas, Upanishads, Ramayana, Mahabharata, and Puranas contain narratives explaining the consequences of right and wrong paths in pursuit of productive economic life. Kautilya wrote on the science of economics titled Arthashastra circa 350 bce. Law books such as Manu-Smriti, Yajnavalkya-Smriti, and a liberal digest on it by Lakshmi Devi affected the way of life on the Indian subcontinent, including worship of deities, divinity tiers, property rights of economic agents, and concept of varna. The law books remained relevant during the Muslim and British rule and post-independence India. This chapter explains how Hindu economics respects all creatures. Hindu teachings have a non-dogmatic open architecture, remain relevant, and are characterized by democratic values, global capitalism, and sustainability.