bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonology for the rhinologist
Authors: Campbell Raewyn G. , Auyeung Titus , Katsoulotos Gregory P. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review
The upper and lower airways are inter-related despite serving different functions and can no longer be considered separately. Rhinologists are becoming increasingly aware of the role the lower airway plays in optimizing outcomes for their patients. This review highlights recent developments in pulmonology that impact rhinologic conditions.

Recent findings
The unified airway concept now supports the multidisciplinary management of respiratory and rhinologic pathologies. Biomarkers, biologics and the concept of treatable traits have permitted the development of personalized and precise treatment of the entire respiratory tract. The concept of corticosteroid stewardship, the introduction of steroid sparing agents for the treatment of respiratory diseases and the development of biomarkers, now forces us to be more considerate and precise with oral corticosteroid (OCS) prescribing and to consider reduction regimens. Finally, current research on climate change and vaping will allow us to better educate and prepare our patients to improve adherence and avoid exacerbations to maintain optimal global respiratory health.

Summary
The inter-relatedness of the upper and lower airway has encouraged a multidisciplinary focus in respiratory medicine. More research is required to improve the precision respiratory medicine model, particularly in the realm of biomarkers and endotyping. These developments must also consider the impact of climate change, pollution and toxins for us to provide optimum care for our patients.
Infectious disease for the rhinologist
Authors: Png Lu Hui , Ng Dorothy Hui Lin , Teo Neville Wei Yang 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent literature relating to viral, fungal and bacterial infections and their interactions within the sinonasal tract in the past 18 months.

Recent findings
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated olfactory dysfunction (OD) is variant dependent. Magnetic resonance imaging studies have found greater olfactory cleft opacification and higher olfactory bulb volume in post-COVID-19 OD. Olfactory training remains the mainstay of treatment, while platelet-rich plasma injections and ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide and luteolin combination oral supplementation have shown early promise.
Consensus statements on paranasal sinus fungal balls and acute invasive fungal sinusitis have been released.
Studies on the nasal microbiome have reported Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium as the most abundant genera, with higher levels of Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium being found in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and healthy individuals respectively. However, there is conflicting evidence on the significance of biodiversity of the nasal microbiome found in CRS versus healthy patients.

Summary
While the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic is behind us, its sequelae continue to pose treatment challenges. Further studies in OD have implications in managing the condition, beyond those afflicted post-COVID-19 infection. Similarly, more research is needed in studying the nasal microbiome and its implications in the development and treatment of CRS.
Management of hyperkalemia in children
Authors: Janjua Halima 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review
Hyperkalemia is a potentially fatal electrolyte abnormality with no standardized management. The purpose of this review is to provide the knowledge needed for timely and effective management of hyperkalemia in children. It describes the utility of existing and novel therapies.

Recent findings
Two newer oral potassium binding agents, patiromer sorbitex calcium and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate, have been FDA-approved for the management of hyperkalemia in adults. These newer agents offer hope for improved management, even though their use in pediatric patients requires further exploration.

Summary
This review highlights the causes and life-threatening effects of hyperkalemia and provides a comprehensive overview of the management of hyperkalemia in both acute and chronic settings along with upcoming treatment strategies.
Magnitude of dural tear and its associated factors among patients with depressed skull fracture
Authors: Molla Yohannis D. , Alemu Hirut T. , Kassa Samrawit A. , Gebrehana Deresse A. , Abera Samuel A. , Tebeje Helina E. , Demise Abel G. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction:
Trauma is a huge problem seen in developed countries as well as developing countries. Head injury is a major factor responsible for mortality in young populations. Up to 6% of all head injuries and 11% of severe head traumas might result in a depressed skull fracture (DSF), a catastrophic injury. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dural tear and to identify its predictors.

Method:
A retrospective review of medical records of all patients operated on for DSFs at the University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from 1 January 2021 to 1 January 2023 G.C. (Gregorian calendar) was conducted. A total of 163 patients were included in the study.

Results:
A total of 163 patients [136 men (83.4%) and 27 women (16.6%)] had a mean age of 23.9 with a standard deviation of 14.8 (range from 3 to 65). Patients with penetrating injuries (missiles, axes) were excluded. The majority, 153 (93.9%) of the patients, were younger than 50 years of age. Physical assault accounted for 102 (62.5%) of the cases. Of the assaulted cases, 62 (38%) were assaulted by stone, 32 (19.6%) by stick, and 8 (5%) by other objects (beer bottle and shovel). Bleeding from the trauma site in 124 (76.1%), headache in 76 (46.6%), loss of consciousness in 75 (46%), and vomiting in 72 (44.2%) were the most common presentations. Based on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), 123 (75%) patients had mild head injuries. Based on the site of fracture, frontal depressions are the most common (61, 37.4%), followed by parietal depressions (53, 32.5%). With regard to the associated injuries, brain contusion was seen in 52 (32%), epidural hematoma (EDH) in 26 (16%), subdural hematoma in 3 (1.8%), and intraventricular hemorrhage/subarachnoid hemorrhage (IVH/SAH) in 3 (1.8%). The median duration of presentation was 15 h, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 8–24 (1–96 h). From the multivariable logistic regression, brain contusion and EDH were significantly associated with dural tear.

Conclusion:
The rules of our culture are reflected in the higher incidence of accidents and fractures among men. Physical assault, particularly with stones, was the most common cause of DSFs. Frontal depressions were the most common site of fracture, followed by parietal fractures. Brain contusion and EDH were significantly associated with dural tears. School-aged children are more vulnerable to injuries from horse or donkey kicks and falls.
Does Prophylactic Closure Improve Outcomes After Colorectal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Dong Liang , Zhu Weihua , Zhang Xiaolei , Xie Xiao 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Several studies have described prophylactic closure after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of colorectal lesions for improving postoperative outcomes. We reviewed the evidence on the impact of prophylactic closure after ESD.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, and Web of Science by 2 reviewers independently for studies published up to July 9, 2023. All types of comparative studies were eligible.

Results:
Ten studies compared 939 patients undergoing prophylactic closure with 1074 controls. Three were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) while the rest were observational. Pooled data from all included studies showed that prophylactic closure resulted in reduced incidence of delayed bleeding after ESD [odds ratio (OR): 0.30; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.72; I
2=0%]. These results were significant only for observational studies but not for RCTs. Meta-analysis showed no significant difference in the risk of delayed perforation (OR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.18, 1.70; I
2=0%) or post-ESD coagulation syndrome (PECS) (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 0.41, 3.19; I
2=63%) between closure and nonclosure groups.

Conclusions:
Observational data suggest that prophylactic closure of colorectal mucosal defects after ESD may reduce the risk of delayed bleeding. However, the results are not concurred by RCTs. Furthermore, there seems to be no impact of prophylactic closure on the risk of delayed perforation and PECS.
Well-being biomarkers and psychological functioning of adult patients during chemotherapy treatment: the effects of hospital clowns and hosting conditions
Authors: Simões Marta , Oliveira Albertina , Pinheiro Rosário , Vilar Manuela , Agante Diana , Pazos Isabel , Oliveiros Bárbara , Grazina Manuela 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPharmacological oncological treatments interfere with the patient’s quality of life on physical, psychological, and social dimensions. Besides all the care in hosting conditions, hospital clowns (HCs) use artistic sketches aiming to reduce distress, but studies analyzing their effects on biomarkers in association with psychological states are scarce. This study examined biomarkers and psychological functioning related to its effects, in adult patients of an ambulatory chemotherapy hospital setting.MethodsFollowing a pilot study with pre-testing/post-testing, 64 women were analysed: experimental group (EG; n=36; HCs intervention plus hosting conditions)versuscontrol group (CG; n=28; hosting conditions). Oxytocin, cortisol, serotonin and ATP saliva levels were measured. Psychological assessment covered positive and negative affect (PA; NA), emotional states (PESS), mindfulness attention’ quality (CAMS-R), cognitive functioning (CDT) and satisfaction with HCs.ResultsData did not reveal statistically significant differences in biomarkers between groups; EG showed improvements in psychological functioning, in which NA had significantly decreased, compared to CG; PESS and CAMS-R have also improved. Association analyses suggest a role of serotonin in moderating the relationship between (PA&scholarity)&CAMS-R with NA&age; serotonin and ATP changes are more related to psychological features; PESS seems to modulate those relationships in EG.ConclusionsAlthough similar results were found for the two groups in study, concerning biomarkers, the psychological functioning showed that short-term interventions during ambulatory chemotherapy might increase well-being of adult cancer patients. Certainly, a larger sample is needed, both to ascertain salivary biomarkers variations and psychological benefits, but this study is undoubtedly pioneer.
Gaining Biological Insights through Supervised Data Visualization
Authors: Rhodes Jake S. , Aumon Adrien , Morin Sacha , Girard Marc , Larochelle Catherine , Brunet-Ratnasingham Elsa , Pagliuzza Amélie , Marchitto Lorie , Zhang Wei , Cutler Adele , Grand’Maison Francois , Zhou Anhong , Finzi Andrés , Chomont Nicolas , Kaufmann Daniel E. , Zandee Stephanie , Prat Alexandre , Wolf Guy , Moon Kevin R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDimensionality reduction-based data visualization is pivotal in comprehending complex biological data. The most common methods, such as PHATE, t-SNE, and UMAP, are unsupervised and therefore reflect the dominant structure in the data, which may be independent of expert-provided labels. Here we introduce a supervised data visualization method called RF-PHATE, which integrates expert knowledge for further exploration of the data. RF-PHATE leverages random forests to capture intricate featurelabel relationships. Extracting information from the forest, RF-PHATE generates low-dimensional visualizations that highlight relevant data relationships while disregarding extraneous features. This approach scales to large datasets and applies to classification and regression. We illustrate RF-PHATE’s prowess through three case studies. In a multiple sclerosis study using longitudinal clinical and imaging data, RF-PHATE unveils a sub-group of patients with non-benign relapsingremitting Multiple Sclerosis, demonstrating its aptitude for time-series data. In the context of Raman spectral data, RF-PHATE effectively showcases the impact of antioxidants on diesel exhaust-exposed lung cells, highlighting its proficiency in noisy environments. Furthermore, RF-PHATE aligns established geometric structures with COVID-19 patient outcomes, enriching interpretability in a hierarchical manner. RF-PHATE bridges expert insights and visualizations, promising knowledge generation. Its adaptability, scalability, and noise tolerance underscore its potential for widespread adoption.
scSniper: Single-cell Deep Neural Network-based Identification of Prominent Biomarkers
Authors: Li Mingyang , Chen Yanshuo , Ding Jun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDiscovering disease biomarkers at the single-cell level is crucial for advancing our understanding of diseases and improving diagnostic accuracy. However, current computational methods often have limitations, such as a reliance on prior knowledge, constraints to unimodal data, and the use of conventional statistical tests for feature selection. To address these issues, we introduce scSniper, a novel approach that employs a specialized deep neural network framework tailored for robust single-cell multiomic biomarker detection. A standout feature of scSniper is the mimetic attention block, enhancing alignment across multi-modal data types. Moreover, scSniper utilizes sensitivity analysis based on a deep neural network for feature selection and uncovers intricate gene regulatory networks without requiring prior knowledge. Comprehensive evaluations on real-world datasets, including COVID-19 CITE-Seq and LUAD scRNA-Seq, demonstrate scSniper’s exceptional ability to identify critical biomarkers consistently outperforming traditional methods like MAST, Wilcox, and DESeq2. The scSniper tool and related experimental codes are publicly accessible athttps://github.com/mcgilldinglab/scSniper.
Assessment of a bronchodilator response in preschoolers: a systematic review
Authors: Wong Matthew D. , Condon Kathleena , Robinson Paul D. , Suresh Sadasivam , Zahir Syeda Farah , Sly Peter D. , Blake Tamara L. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundA bronchodilator response (BDR) can be assessed in preschool-aged children using spirometry, respiratory oscillometry, the interrupter technique, and specific airway resistance, yet a systematic comparison of BDR thresholds across studies has not been completed.MethodsA systematic review was performed on all studies up to May 2023 measuring a bronchodilator effect in children 2-6 years old using one of these techniques (PROSPERO CRD42021264659). Studies were identified using MEDLINE, Cochrane, EMBASE, CINAHL via EBSCO, Web of Science databases, and reference lists of relevant manuscripts.ResultsOf 1224 screened studies, 43 were included. Over 85% were from predominantly Caucasian populations, and only 22 studies (51.2%) calculated a BDR cut-off based on a healthy control group. Sample sizes ranged from 25-916. Only two studies (4.6%) adhered to formal recommendations for study design: at least 300 subjects, randomised for placebo response testing in healthy children, and incorporated within-session and between-session test repeatability. A relative BDR was most consistently reported by the included studies (95%) but varied widely across all techniques. A variety of statistical methods were used to define a BDR. The highest BDR feasibility was reported with oscillometry techniques in this age group.ConclusionA BDR in 2-6-year-olds cannot be defined based on the reviewed literature due to inconsistent methodology and cut-off calculations. Precise and feasible evaluation of lung function in young children is crucial for early detection and intervention of airway diseases. A standardised approach is required to develop robust BDR thresholds.
Factors that lead to patient mistrust of the healthcare system in Hargeisa, Somaliland: a qualitative exploration
Authors: Ahmed Hersi Y , Mussa Abdillahi A , Yousuf Abdisamed M , Mohamed Hamda H , Ali Nimao A , Ahmed Zakhiya M , Abdi Yousuf M 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposethis research aimed to identify the factors that lead to patients having mistrust towards the healthcare system in Somaliland and use the findings as a foundation for future policies.Methodsa descriptive study was conducted to understand the factors contributing to the population’s mistrust of the healthcare system in Hargeisa. Data was collected through interviews with 49 participants using a survey questionnaire administered by interviewers, and convenience sampling was used to select participants based on availability and accessibility.Resultsthrough our analysis, we identified 11 themes that investigate issues influencing healthcare quality, cost, and accessibility, such as financial barriers, diagnostic accuracy, drug use, equipment quality, laboratory role, doctor knowledge and skills, medical ethics, governance, local doctor reputation, foreign healthcare, and the quality of available healthcare services.Conclusionpatient -physician mistrust in Somaliland can be addressed by implementing laws, examining doctors’ knowledge, and examining hospital facilities. Improving public health sectors and limiting patient payments can reduce healthcare costs. Regulations on drugs can reduce medication errors and restore trust in the healthcare system.
Detection and spread of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus H5N1 in the Antarctic Region
Authors: Bennison Ashley , Byrne Alexander M. P. , Reid Scott M. , Lynton-Jenkins Joshua G. , Mollett Benjamin , Silva Dilhani De , Peers-Dent Jacob , Finlayson Kim , Hall Rosamund , Blockley Freya , Blyth Marcia , Falchieri Marco , Fowler Zoe , Fitzcharles Elaine M. , Brown Ian H. , James Joe , Banyard Ashley C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUntil recent events, the Antarctic was the only major geographical region in which high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) had never previously been detected. The current panzootic of H5N1 HPAIV has decimated wild bird populations across Europe, North America, and South America. Here we report on the detection of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions of South Georgia and the Falkland Islands, respectively. We initially detected H5N1 HPAIV in samples collected from brown skuas at Bird Island, South Georgia on 8thOctober 2023. Since this detection, mortalities were observed in brown skuas, kelp gulls, South Georgia shag, Antarctic tern, elephant seals and fur seals at multiple sites across South Georgia. Subsequent testing confirmed H5N1 HPAIV across several sampling locations in multiple avian species and two seal species. Simultaneously, we also confirmed H5N1 HPAIV in southern fulmar and black-browed albatross in the Falkland Islands. Genetic assessment of the virus indicates spread from South America, likely through movement of migratory birds. Critically, genetic assessment of sequences from mammalian species demonstrates no increased risk to human populations. Here we describe the detection, species impact and genetic composition of the virus and propose both introductory routes and potential long-term impact on avian and mammalian species across the Antarctic region. We also speculate on the threat to specific populations following recent reports in the area.
Loss of neuronatin increases susceptibility of SERCA to thermal inactivation
Authors: Barfoot Michael , Fajardo Val A. , Braun Jessica L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhospholamban and sarcolipin are two key regulators of the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) that have been shown to protect SERCA from thermal inactivation in muscleWe have recently detected neuronatin (NNAT) in murine skeletal muscle and have shown that it too regulates SERCAHere, we questioned whether NNAT would also protect SERCA from thermal inactivationIn response to 60 min of heat stress at 40°C, maximal SERCA activity was significantly reduced in soleus homogenates obtained from NNAT knockout mice (-23%) but not wild-type mice (-5%).Our results add further support for NNAT’s role in regulating SERCA function in murine muscle
Unmasking Hidden Systemic Effects of Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Two-Pronged Approach to Biomarker Discovery
Authors: Anjo Sandra I. , Rosado Miguel , Baldeiras Inês , Gomes Andreia , Pires Diana , Santa Cátia , Pinto Joana , Januário Cristina , Santana Isabel , Verdelho Ana , de Mendonça Alexandre , Castelo-Branco Miguel , Manadas Bruno 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIdentification of reliable blood biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is crucial for translational and clinical research. However, conventional omics struggle with blood samples complexity, hindering desired outcomes. In this work the potential of High Molecular Weight (HMW) fractionation under non-denaturing conditions as a complementary approach to the conventional proteomics for identifying serum biomarkers in NDs was explored. A cohort of 58 serum samples of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and control (CT) individuals was used to compare the two proteomics strategies: i) direct analysis of whole serum and ii) non-denaturing fractionation using 300 kDa cut-off filters (HMW serum).Although both approaches quantified a similar set of proteins, each approach captured a distinct subset of differentially altered proteins, suggesting that HMW fractionation identified additional types of alterations beyond conventional protein level changes. A discriminant model combining altered proteins from both datasets effectively distinguished between the three groups (AUC = 0.999 and median sensitivity and specificity of 97.4% and 91.7%, respectively). Importantly, this performance surpassed that of any model created using each method individually.Altogether, this work demonstrated that HMW fractionation can be a valuable complementary method to direct serum analysis and could enhance biomarker discovery. The 10 proteins included in the model (5 from each strategy), comprise clear evidence for the contribution of apolipoproteins for the diagnosis of NDs, revealing potential changes within lipid metabolism and the organization of macromolecules and their complexes, thereby uncovering effects that remain hidden from a conventional serum proteome analysis.