bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diclofenac pyrrolidine versus Ketoprofen for the relief of pain from episiotomy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Facchinetti Fabio , Luisa Casini Maria , Costabile Loredana , Malavasi Barbara , Unfer Vittorio 
Published: September 2005

Background.  The treatment of pain from episiotomy or from tearing of perineal tissues during childbirth is often unapplied, although discomfort may be severe. We performed a randomized double‐blind controlled trial to compare the effectiveness and side‐effects of two analgesics in the management of postpartum perineal pain. Patient preference toward the two medications was also analyzed.Methods.  A total of 261 women were randomly assigned to receive either Diclofenac hydroxyethyl pyrrolidine (100 mg) (n = 133) or Ketoprofen (100 mg) (n = 128), both given orally every 12 hr up to 48 hr, as necessary. Inclusion criteria were vaginal birth with episiotomy and/or a second‐ to third‐degree tear. Pain ratings were recorded before the administration of the drugs and at 1, 4, 12, and 24 hr after the first dose, according to a 10‐cm visual‐analog scale. Side‐effects and overall opinion on the two treatments were assessed at 24 hr.Results.  Diclofenac hydroxyethyl pyrrolidine and Ketoprofen had similar analgesic properties in the first 24 hr postpartum [mean pain rating 3.1 ± 1.8 and 3.4 ± 2.0, mean number of doses in 24 hr 1.4 ± 1.4 and 1.3 ± 1.5, and proportion of treatment failures 12.8% (17/133) and 16.4% (21/128), respectively]. Significantly fewer subjects in the Diclofenac hydroxyethyl pyrrolidine group than in the Ketoprofen group experienced side‐effects (6.8% versus 15.6%; p = 0.038) with an odd risk = 0.39(95% C.I. 0.16–0.95). There were no significant differences in overall patient satisfaction between the two groups.Conclusions.  No main differences were found concerning the relief of pain between the two treatments. Diclofenac hydroxyethyl pyrrolidine may be the preferred choice because it is associated with less adverse reactions, together with a faster action in the relief of pain.
Swedish teenager perceptions of teenage pregnancy, abortion, sexual behavior, and contraceptive habits – a focus group study among 17‐year‐old female high‐school students
Authors: Ekstrand Maria , Larsson Margareta , Von Essen Louise , Tydén Tanja 
Published: September 2005

Background.  Sweden has the highest abortion numbers among the Nordic countries. Since 1995, the abortion rate among teenagers has increased by nearly 50%. We therefore undertook a study where the overall aim was to gain a deeper understanding on which factors female teenagers believe may explain the increasing numbers of teenage abortions. Teenagers' perceptions of teenage pregnancy, abortion, sexual behavior, and contraceptive habits were investigated.Methods.  Six focus group interviews with 17‐year‐old Swedish girls were conducted. The interviews were tape‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed by manifest content analysis.Results.  Negative attitudes toward teenage pregnancy and supportive attitudes toward abortion were expressed. Risk‐taking behaviors such as negligence in contraceptive use and intercourse under the influence of alcohol were suggested as main reasons behind the increasing numbers of abortions among Swedish teenagers. The contemporary, sexualized, media picture was believed to influence adolescents' sexual behavior, and liberal attitudes toward casual sex were expressed. Girls were perceived as more obliged than boys in taking responsibility for contraceptive compliance and avoidance of pregnancy. The apprehension that hormonal contraceptives cause negative side‐effects was widely spread, and the participants were found to have a somewhat limited knowledge of abortion. The majority were unsatisfied with the quality of sexual education provided by the schools.Conclusion.  Possible reasons for increased abortion numbers among teenagers in Sweden could be liberal attitudes toward casual sex in combination with negligence in contraceptive use, use of alcohol followed by sexual risk‐taking, fear of hormonal contraceptives, and a deterioration of sexual education in the schools.
Significance of HPV tests on women with cervical smears showing ASCUS
Authors: De Lang Anna , Wikström Ingrid , Wilander Erik 
Published: September 2005

Background.  The relationship between the human papillomavirus (HPV) tests and the cytological findings was evaluated.Methods.  Totally, 161 women participating in the organized cytological screening in the County of Uppsala and showing atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance (ASCUS) in their cervical smears were identified during 2002 and 2003. Those women were invited for a repeated examination about 3 months later. At that occasion, a smear sample was collected and used for cytological examination and a concomitant HPV test. Oncogenic HPV was identified by polymerase chain reaction and HPV deoxyribonucleoside acid (DNA) sequence analysis in 50 cases and by Hybrid Capture II in 111 cases.Results.  Women with an ASCUS diagnosis showed a normal cytology and a negative HPV test in 30% of the cases, abnormal cytology and a positive HPV test in 32% of the cases; in 26% of the women, the HPV test was positive, whereas cytology was normal; and in 11% of the women, the HPV test was negative, whereas cytology was abnormal (ASCUS or more).Conclusion.  The results show that HPV tests identify a larger group of women at risk to develop cervical cancer in comparison with cytological examination. As the HPV tests have a higher sensitivity than the cytological screening, it is suggested that an HPV test in conjunction with a diagnosis of ASCUS can be employed to more efficiently select women, to whom further follow up is recommended.
Trends in the incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer in Denmark 1978–2002. Comparison with other Nordic countries
Authors: Kjærbye‐Thygesen Anette , Huusom Lene Drasbek , Frederiksen Kirsten , Kjær Susanne Krüger 
Published: September 2005

Background.  The Nordic countries are well‐known high‐incidence areas of ovarian cancer, but even within the Nordic countries, differences exist.Methods.  Focus in this descriptive epidemiological study is to assess developments in incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer in Denmark 1978–2002 and to make a comparison with the development in the other Nordic countries. The results are based on data from the nationwide Danish Cancer Registry as well as the other Nordic Cancer Registries.Results.  A total of 14 325 cases of ovarian cancer were registered from 1978 to 2002 in Denmark. In this period, the age‐standardized incidence decreased slightly from 14.3 (1978–1982) to 13.3 per 100 000 woman‐years (1998–2002). The histology‐specific time trends showed a tendency towards more specified histological diagnoses. Iceland had the highest age‐adjusted ovarian cancer incidence in the Nordic countries, whereas Denmark had the highest mortality rate. In the entire period, the Danish mortality rate declined from 10.8 (1978–1982) to 9.0 per 100 000 woman‐years (1998–1999). Only 19% of ovarian cancers in Denmark from 1978 to 2002 were localized at the time of diagnosis, while 30% had distant metastases. Older women were more likely to have advanced disease at diagnosis. The Danish distribution of stage at diagnosis seems less favorable compared to results from other countries.Conclusions.  The Danish incidence of ovarian cancer seemed to decrease slightly from 1978 to 2002. Even though the mortality rate of ovarian cancer also declined, Denmark had the highest mortality rate of ovarian cancer in the world. Part of it may be explained by a less‐favorable distribution of stage at diagnosis.
Psychosocial Stress and Cardiovascular Risk: What is the Role of Daily Experience?
Authors: Kamarck Thomas W. , Schwartz Joseph E. , Shiffman Saul , Muldoon Matthew F. , Sutton‐Tyrrell Kim , Janicki Denise L. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
We describe an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol designed to measure daily life experiences along several psychosocial dimensions (Social Conflict, Task Demand, Decisional Control, Negative Affect, and Arousal) hypothesized to be relevant for cardiovascular disease risk. In a large community sample, these assessments have been administered in conjunction with ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring and measures of subclinical cardiovascular disease. Several results have emerged that support the promise of this approach. First of all, each of these dimensions of experience appears to be a trigger for cardiovascular activation, with movement on each scale being associated with significant within‐person changes in heart rate and blood pressure in the natural environment. Second, there appear to be individual differences in physiological responsiveness to these dimensions of daily experience, with such differences being associated in some cases with laboratory‐based assessments of cardiovascular reactivity, as might be expected. Third, EMA ratings are associated in several instances with (between‐person) stable individual differences in ABP readings. And finally, we have found that some of the characteristics defined by our EMA ratings are related to measures of subclinical atherosclerosis. Such effects appear to be mediated, in part, by ABP. The advantages of using EMA measures for capturing the effects of psychosocial stressors are highlighted by comparing the predictive validity of these daily life assessments to traditional global self‐reports. We conclude by describing future plans for use of this type of assessment protocol for helping us to characterize psychosocial characteristics relevant to cardiovascular disease risk.Personality and social processes during daily living may have an important impact not only on psychological functioning but also on physical health and disease. In this article we review our recent work involving the assessment of daily experience as a means of better understanding the role of psychosocial stress in cardiovascular disease risk. First, we outline the rationale for our interest in daily experience sampling for examining these processes, and we describe the methods we have adopted for this purpose. Next, we review findings from a recent study in which we have used these approaches to examine the role of psychosocial stress on ABP and atherosclerosis in a community‐dwelling sample. We compare our approach to more traditional (global self‐report and laboratory‐observation) methods for examining these relationships in humans, and we discuss potential future directions for use of daily experience sampling in studies of health and behavior.
Analysis of Xenorhabdus nematophila metabolic mutants yields insight into stages of Steinernema carpocapsae nematode intestinal colonization
Authors: Martens Eric C. , Russell Frances M. , Goodrich‐Blair Heidi 
Published: September 2005

Summary Xenorhabdus nematophila colonizes the intestinal tract of infective‐juvenile (IJ) stage Steinernema carpocapsae nematodes. During colonization, X. nematophila multiplies within the lumen of a discrete region of the IJ intestine termed the vesicle. To begin to understand bacterial nutritional requirements during multiplication in the IJ vesicle, we analysed the colonization behaviour of several X. nematophila metabolic mutants, including amino acid and vitamin auxotrophs. X. nematophila mutants defective for para‐aminobenzoate, pyridoxine or l‐threonine biosynthesis exhibit substantially decreased colonization of IJs (0.1–50% of wild‐type colonization). Analysis of gfp‐labelled variants revealed that those mutant cells that can colonize the IJ vesicle differ noticeably from wild‐type X. nematophila. One aberrant colonization phenotype exhibited by the metabolic mutants tested, but not wild‐type X. nematophila, is a spherical shape indicative of apparently non‐viable X. nematophila cells within the vesicle. Because these spherical cells appear to have initiated colonization but failed to proliferate, we term this type of colonization ‘abortive’. In a portion of IJs grown on para‐aminobenzoate auxotrophs, X. nematophila does not exhibit abortive colonization but rather reduced growth and filamentous cell morphology. Several mutants with defects in other amino acid, vitamin and nutrient metabolism pathways colonize IJs to wild‐type levels suggesting that the IJ vesicle is replete with respect to a number of nutrients.
Determinants of nitric oxide steady‐state levels during anaerobic respiration by Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Cardinale Jean A. , Clark Virginia L. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryNitric oxide (NO) is an important host defence molecule that varies its immune stimulatory effects depending on the concentrations at which it is produced, with low concentrations (< 1 µM) promoting an anti‐inflammatory host response while higher concentrations (>1 µM) lead to inflammatory responses. Neisseria gonorrhoeae grows anaerobically by anaerobic respiration using nitrite reductase (Nir) to convert nitrite to NO and nitric oxide reductase (Nor) to convert NO to nitrous oxide. As N. gonorrhoeae can both produce and degrade NO, we have begun a study of NO metabolism in this bacterium to understand how gonococcal manipulation of NO concentration may influence the inflammatory response during infection. N. gonorrhoeae has an apparent Nir Km of 33 µM nitrite and an apparent Nor Km of 1.2 µM NO. The maximum specific activities for Nir and Nor were 135 nmoles nitrite reduced per minute per OD600 (pH 6.7) and 270 nmoles NO reduced per minute per OD600 (pH 7.5) respectively. N. gonorrhoeae established a steady‐state concentration of NO after nitrite addition that was dependent on the nitrite concentration until saturation at 1 mM nitrite. The NO steady‐state level decreased as pH increased, and the ratio of activities of Nir and Nor correlated to the NO steady‐state level. When the NO donor DETA/NO was used to simulate host NO production, N. gonorrhoeae also established a NO steady‐state level. The concentration of NO at steady state was found to be a function of the concentration of NO generated by DETA/NO, with N. gonorrhoeae reducing the NO from proinflammatory (>1 µM) to anti‐inflammatory (∼100 nM) concentrations. The implications of the ability of N. gonorrhoeae to maintain an anti‐inflammatory NO concentration is discussed in relation to asymptomatic infection in women.
Turnip rape and oilseed rape are new potential food allergens in children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Poikonen S. , Puumalainen T. J. , Kautiainen H. , Burri P. , Palosuo T. , Reunala T. , Turjanmaa K. 
Published: September 2005

Background:  When skin prick testing (SPT) young children with atopic dermatitis (AD) for suspected food allergy, we frequently found positive reactions with turnip rape (Brassica rapa) and oilseed rape (Brassica napus). We performed food challenge to examine whether these children react clinically to turnip rape.Methods:  A total of 1887 children were screened with SPTs for sensitization to turnip rape and oilseed rape. Twenty‐eight children with clearly positive SPT (≥5 mm) were first subjected to labial challenge with turnip rape seeds followed, if negative, by open oral challenge for up to 7 days. Twenty‐five children with AD but negative SPT to turnip rape and oilseed rape served as controls.Results:  Two‐hundred and six (10.9%) children had positive SPT to turnip rape and/or oilseed rape. Twenty‐five (89%) of 28 children showed a positive challenge reaction to turnip rape. Seventeen reacted with labial whealing, and eight in oral challenge with facial urticaria, flare‐up of AD or abdominal symptoms. All 25 control children remained negative in the labial challenge.Conclusions:  Turnip rape and oilseed rape seem to be new important food allergens in young children with AD. The modes of exposure to these allergens and the possible routes of sensitization remain to be established.
Limnology and culture‐based fisheries in non‐perennial reservoirs in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayasinghe U. Asanka D. , Amarasinghe Upali S. , De Silva Sena S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis study was carried out to investigate the possibility of using the limnological characteristics of non‐perennial reservoirs in Sri Lanka for the future management of culture‐based fisheries. Forty‐five reservoirs were randomly selected to study their limnology, out of which 32 were stocked with fish fingerlings of Chinese and Indian carps, tilapia and freshwater prawn at stocking densities ranging from 218–4372 fingerlings ha−1. Of these, 23 reservoirs were harvested at the end of the culture period (6–10 months). Thirteen limnological parameters were measured during the water retention period of each of the 45 reservoirs between November 2001 and January 2004. The mean values of the limnological parameters were used to ordinate the reservoirs through principal component analysis. Ordination showed a productivity gradient among reservoirs where Secchi disc depth, total phosphorus, chlorophyll‐a, inorganic turbidity and organic turbidity were identified as key factors. The total fish yield of culture‐based fisheries was positively correlated to the scores of the first principal component axis. This study reveals that it is possible to classify non‐perennial reservoirs in Sri Lanka based on the above limnological parameters in order to develop culture‐based fisheries and that they could be applicable in comparable water bodies elsewhere in the tropics.
Mutational analysis of the estrogen receptor‐α gene in familial ovarian cancer
Authors: Wu Hong‐Jun , Sekine Masayuki , Kashima Katsunori , Hirai Yasuo , Hatae Masayuki , Kobayashi Iwao , Obata Koshiro , Enomoto Takayuki , Umesaki Naohiko , Ushijima Kimio , Tanaka Kenichi ,   The Japanese Familial Ovarian Cancer Study Group
Published: September 2005

AbstractAim: The genetic region of 6q25 containing the estrogen receptor‐α (ER‐α) gene is lost in a significant number of ovarian tumors. The aim of this study was to identify how inherited variation in the ER‐α gene contributes to susceptibility to familial ovarian cancer.Methods: DNA obtained from 18 cases of familial ovarian cancer without mutation of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, 20 cases with BRCA1 mutation, 20 cases of sporadic ovarian cancer, and 19 controls were screened for mutations in the coding region of the ER‐α gene using direct sequencing.Results: Two germline missense variants at codons 307 [GCC(Ala)→TCC(Ser)] and 347 [ACC(Thr)→TCC(Ser)] were detected in two unrelated cases with BRCA1 mutation, but not in all other cases tested. Three polymorphisms in codon 10 [TCT→TCC(Ser)], codon 325 [CCC→CCG(Pro)], and codon 594 [ACA→ACG(Thr)] were identified in this series, and a higher frequency of the allele TCC at codon 10 and a lower frequency of the allele CCG at codon 325 were observed in familial cases without BRCA1 mutation, compared with those in familial cases with BRCA1 mutation, in both the sporadic cases and in the controls.Conclusions: We could not detect pathogenic mutations of the ER‐α gene in ovarian cancer cases without BRCA1 mutation. However, association analyses of two polymorphisms suggest that the ER‐α gene or a gene located close to the ER‐α locus might be related to susceptibility of familial ovarian cancer without BRCA1 mutation.
Case of uterine cervical carcinosarcoma
Authors: Iida Tetsuji , Yasuda Masanori , Kajiwara Hiroshi , Minematsu Takeo , Osamura R. Yoshiyuki , Itoh Johbu , Inomo Akifumi , Hirasawa Takeshi , Muramatsu Toshinari , Murakami Masaru 
Published: September 2005

AbstractCarcinosarcoma (CS) is a rare neoplasm that is called a mixed epithelial and mesenchymal malignancy. CS of the uterine cervix is much less common than its counterparts in the uterine corpus. A 61‐year‐old, gravida 2, para 2 woman, who had undergone menopause 16 years prior to the presentation, was diagnosed with CS of the uterine cervix. A semiradical hysterectomy was carried out on the diagnosis of stage Ib1 cervical cancer. The patient underwent whole pelvic 45 Gy radiation as a postoperative additional treatment, but she died from multiple organ failure by metastasis 17 months after the operation. The tumor protruded from the cervix to the vagina and measured 4.5 × 3.0 cm. Histologically, the tumor was characterized as a squamous cell carcinoma and mesenchymal malignancy, represented by osteosarcomatous components. The stroma was largely composed of atypical spindle‐shaped cells, which were immunohistochemically demonstrated to be of epithelial origin. Uterine cervical CS is one of the aggressive malignancies, and squamous cell carcinomas are common epithelial counterparts of cervical CS as well as adenocarcinomas.
Features of patients with vulvar dermatoses in dermatologic and gynecologic practice in Turkey: Is there a need for an interdisciplinary approach?
Authors: Gokdemir Gonca , Baksu Basak , Baksu Alparslan , Davas Inci , Koslu Adem 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAim: Vulvar dermatoses are very common problems in women and they are associated with significant morbidity. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the features of patients with vulvar diseases in gynecology and dermatology out‐patient clinics in Turkey, and to determine the need for a multidisciplinary vulvar clinic in this country.Methods: A total of 310 patients with vulvar problems as their primary complaints were included in the study. There were 144 women from a dermatology clinic and 166 women from a gynecology clinic. The following factors were recorded for all patients: physical examination findings, menarche age, age at first intercourse, education level, marital status, clinical diagnoses and associated gynecologic problems.Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups when the mean age, menarche age and age at first intercourse were compared (P > 0.05). The number of unmarried women was statistically significantly higher in the dermatology group than in the gynecology group (P < 0.0001). The number of women who graduated from high school and university was also statistically significantly higher in the dermatology group than in the gynecology group (P < 0.01). The frequency of gynecologic problems was statistically significantly higher in the gynecology group than in the dermatology group (P < 0.001); however, dermatologic conditions were the most frequent diagnosis overall (33.54%). Forty patients in the gynecology group were referred to the dermatology clinic.Conclusions: The approach to patients with vulvar disorders varies from country to country. However, multidisciplinary clinics seem to improve the understanding of vulvar diseases, to make correct diagnoses and to raise patients’ quality of life. The need for a multidisciplinary vulvar clinic should not be ignored by the physicians in Turkey.
Placenta percreta with subsequent uterine rupture at 15 weeks of gestation after two previous cesarean sections
Authors: Honig Arnd , Rieger Lorenz , Thanner Florian , Eck Matthias , Sutterlin Marc , Dietl Johannes 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA 25‐year‐old gravida 3 para 2 woman was referred to our hospital at 15 weeks’ gestation with an acute abdomen and free fluid in the peritoneal cavity. On admission she was somnolent. She had a history of two cesarean sections. Fetal cardiac activity was detectable by ultrasound preoperatively. Intraoperatively, a lower uterine‐segment rupture was identified in the area of the presumed prior uterine incision. The great blood loss with consecutive coagulopathy required an emergency hysterectomy and multiple blood transfusions. The placenta was located on the lower anterior uterine wall. Intervening decidual cells between placenta and maternal scar tissue were absent in the area of the prior uterine incision. Placental villous tissue deeply invaded and perforated the scar tissue. Histological examination revealed a placenta percreta. Placenta percreta with subsequent uterine rupture is a rare but dramatic complication after previous cesarean section. This should be kept in mind as the rate of elective cesarean sections is rising continuously. Our patient recovered completely.