bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successes and Failures of the Old Quantum Theory Revisited
Authors: Duncan Anthony , Janssen Michel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter discusses how the new quantum theory took care of some of the failures of the old quantum theory and how it put the old theory’s successes on a firmer basis. Examples in the former category are the new theory’s resolution of the problems the old theory ran into with the anomalous Zeeman effect and helium (giving the wrong value for its ground state energy and being unable to explain the spectroscopic divide between ortho- and parahelium). Examples in the latter category are the fine structure in hydrogen and the Stark effect. The chapter also discusses some examples of Kuhn losses, instances where the new theory (at least initially) could not account for phenomena explained by the old one.
Building peace by building prisons?
Authors: Pingeot Lou 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the rise of international penal peacebuilding, the practice of reinforcing the prison system in states that have experienced conflict. The chapter provides an overview of the UN’s adoption of this practice, its genealogy, and how it involves a network of international and non-governmental organizations, states, and lobby groups. It explores the effects of penal peacebuilding in Haiti, in particular the fact that rule of law reform has led to a dramatic increase in prison population, overcrowding, and high rates of pre-trial detention. The chapter develops a sociology of punishment approach, contrasting the UN discourse on the functions that the prison is supposed to serve with the role that it actually plays in Haiti. The promotion of the prison is divorced from its penal functions (such as the punishment and rehabilitation of criminals). Rather, the prison primarily fulfils a social ordering function that particularly targets marginalized urban populations.
Conclusion
Authors: Pingeot Lou 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The concluding chapter recaps some of the payoffs of the theory of peace operations proposed in this book and what it helps uncover about the current global order. It identifies points of connection with other debates that could be further explored in the future, in particular dynamics of inclusion/exclusion in discourses and practices of protection. In light of the book’s findings, the chapter critically evaluates proposals to improve intervention by making it more culturally appropriate and argues that we should deemphasize questions of cultural appropriateness to emphasize questions of power and domination. The chapter reflects on whether there is such a thing as a logic of policing that can be recognized globally and reiterates the importance of Haiti as a site from which to understand global processes.
Monsieur de Pourceaugnac
Authors: Lyons John D. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Monsieur de Pourceaugnac is a three-act comedy with interludes of music and dance which, like George Dandin, mocks men who seek to use their wealth to induce a father to force a daughter into an unwanted marriage. The young woman and her lover try many amusing ways to frighten off the minor provincial nobleman Monsieur de Pourceaugnac, but the most original stratagem, within the context of all Molière’s comedies on the theme of the unwanted marriage, is the daughter’s paradoxical claim to be completely infatuated with Pourceaugnac. She makes sudden and hyperbolic claims to be unable to control her desire for this man she finds repellent and this paradoxical defence works. Pourceaugnac is terrified by her expressions of female sexual desire. Her insistence is ironic in that her outbursts express exactly the opposite of her feelings. Within the context of Molière’s society, this satire of male fear of excessive sexual interest on the part of women reflects contemporary diatribes against the figure of the ‘coquette’.
Les Précieuses ridicules
Authors: Lyons John D. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Les Précieuses ridicules (The Affected Ladies) represents two young women from the provinces who are avid readers of Madeleine de Scudéry’s romance novels. They yearn to have conversations with men whose manners and conversations reflect the refined and often flirtatious interactions of men and women depicted in Scudéry’s works. In the view of Magdelon and Cathos, a proposal of marriage should only come after a long and complex courtship, and they rebuff two wealthy suitors who have no time for such respectful niceties. Instead the resentful and vengeful suitors send their valets to impersonate the kind of suitor the women wish for. In their ignorance, the women take these pretend suitors for the real thing. Commentators on the play usually emphasize the women’s naïveté and see the comedy as Molière’s attack on Scudéry and her followers, often called précieuses by their adversaries. But the present study instead contends that the brutal suitors, who refuse to make any effort to please the women they hope to marry, represent the kind of male brutality that Molière so often criticizes.
Le Tartuffe
Authors: Lyons John D. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In Tartuffe Molière weaves together two plots concerning marriage. The first consists of a father’s demand that his daughter marry a man of his choosing, Tartuffe, rather than the suitor she loves and whom the father has previously approved. The second, related, plot consists of the father’s wife’s effort to come to the aid of her stepdaughter by preventing the coerced marriage. Orgon’s wife Elmire knows that the ostensibly devout Tartuffe is attracted to her, more than to her stepdaughter, and negotiates with him, holding forth the prospect of a sexual liaison on the condition that he renounce marriage with Orgon’s daughter. Readers, commentators, and stage directors interpret Elmire’s gesture in various ways. Most assume that her interaction with Tartuffe is solely aimed at preventing the marriage of her stepdaughter. But an argument can be made that she is actually attracted to Tartuffe, given her husband’s neglect of his wife.
Amphitryon
Authors: Lyons John D. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Molière’s adaptation of Plautus’s comedy Amphitryon makes the point that husbands should never stop courting their wives. In seventeenth-century France, marriages (particularly among the aristocracy) were arranged on the basis of political and economic advantage to families. The portrayal of passionate love between men and women was seen as a threat to marriage as an institution and to paternal power. The title of ‘husband’ could easily be seen as unrelated to (and even opposed to) the role of ‘lover’. In Amphitryon it is Jupiter himself who assumes the appearance of Alcmène’s husband Amphitryon and makes love to her. She notices no physical difference in her husband’s doppelgänger, though she is aware of his unusual tenderness and prowess as a lover. The disguised god insists that she perceive him as ‘lover’ and not as ‘husband’. When Amphitryon arrives and understands that someone had taken his place, his possessive behaviour only accentuates the difference between the two roles. One clear implication of the play is that married men should never forget to become and to remain lovers of their wives.
The World We Live In
Authors: Mohan Rajat 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
People worldwide have become more interconnected and interdependent than ever before. The lives of the eight billion human beings who inhabit the planet today are intertwined through trade, urbanization, the rise of the middle class, health, migration, the conflicts, the Internet and social media. Today, despite rising material well-being for most, many still suffer from significant human deprivations. They also increasingly face common concerns. Many of such concerns—rising inequality, unequal distribution of benefits of globalization, climate change, aging, protecting democracies and the rule of law, social justice—are common to both advanced and developing economies, though obviously more pressing in the latter. While there are still vast differences in per capita incomes and social indicators of people living in advanced countries and those of emerging economies, the earlier sharp differences between them are gradually coming down. Their shared challenges arise from newly widespread affluence and globalization; solutions to these challenges, also require global and regional cooperation, as well as much better governance (including stronger institutions) at the national level. At the same time, South Asia and Sub Saharan Africa need to do much to catch up with other parts of the world in most respects. These challenges may be potentially alleviated by two recent developments. One is the explosive growth in the use of social media and information technology worldwide. Secondly, the growing energy and influence of thousands of local civic society groups.
Institutions Matter
Authors: Mohan Rajat 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Institutions are the rules—formal and informal—which define the framework within which human interactions takes place in a society. These various sets of rules place constraints on the behaviour of members in a society for the overall welfare of the community. Simultaneously, institutions also set out how society will enforce these rules. Such constraints and enforcement mechanisms can be formally codified through laws, rules, and regulations, or they can evolve informally as generally accepted norms and conventions of behaviour and self-imposed codes of conduct. Institutions are context-specific. Broadly, societies may be categorized as either limited- or open-access order. In the former, access to economic and political opportunities is limited to the elite rather than being open to all. Both economic and political institutions have a decisive influence on the state of governance and economic performance in a society. A society is deemed to have inclusive institutions if they create equal opportunities for all. Extractive institutions do not. Inclusive institutions are thus broad-based and pluralistic, while extractive institutions are captured by elites who can dictate the rules of the game. Further, inclusive institutions can exist only in societies which ensure the security of life and property. This in turn requires a degree of centralization of power to be vested in the State with its presumed ‘monopoly on violence’. Otherwise, chaos would reign. Since institutions are context-specific, institutional reforms cannot be readily transplanted.
The State, the MARKETS, and the Community
Authors: Mohan Rajat 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Markets matter. A society needs well-functioning, competitive markets to enable it to efficiently produce, buy and sell, and consume goods and services. These in turn generate economic growth, expand opportunities for citizens and enhance prosperity. Markets are thus critically important in a society’s journey from Here to Denmark. However, free markets are far from perfect. Smith correctly foresaw that competition would drive down profits and producers would be tempted to form cartels rather than operate in a truly competitive manner. Thus, just as the Leviathan of the state has to be shackled, the behemoth of the monopoly enterprises has to be tamed as well. This is not to unduly constrain the markets but to ensure that they work better and efficiently without unduly inhibiting competition. In modern societies, many of the institutions established to do so are provided by the State, which usually does this through its political and judicial institutions. Just as the State must balance the markets, so must it work the other way around, too. Markets do so by their productive efficiency. A healthy, competitive private sector keeps the State’s possible authoritarian tendencies in check. History shows that the mutual constraint of the State and the markets has usually not been detrimental to either. Of course, there are limits to how well and how much the markets and the State can balance each other. This is where our third traveller, the community, comes in to complete the triad.
Fame, form, and function
Authors: Aston Nigel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Considers eighteenth-century Oxford’s reputation and public standing. The ‘fame’ component of the title argues for the University’s vitality as an educational foundation that, once Jacobitism had faded as a political choice, expounded loyalty creatively on behalf of the Anglo-Hanoverian state and the confessional regime of England and Wales. The section on ‘form’ merely glances at the student body, the curriculum, and its social life, and emphasises the connection with lay and clerical elites at large. In its physical format the University changed appreciably, reflecting an underlying confidence in its future, with improved accommodation and ceremonial spaces. The scale and quality of a building programme that transformed the physical form of Oxford had a national significance that has been insufficiently stressed. The chapter concludes with reflections on the University’s function as a necessarily politicised component of the British state and how far its intellectual life can be seen through the prism of Enlightenment.
Discourse Markers
Authors: Potowski Kim , Torres Lourdes 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines discourse markers in Chicago Spanish. It compares patterns of use of so and entonces among Mexican, Puerto Rican, and MexiRican speakers of different generational groups with varying Spanish proficiency levels. The chapter begins with a review of studies on discourse markers in bilingual communities and then describes the study’s methodology. It presents the overall frequency of so and entonces in the data and then considers whether speakers from different regional origin groups show different patterns of use and, if so, whether they become more like each other across generations, suggesting dialect contact. The chapter also considers whether generational group and Spanish proficiency are correlated with the use of particular features and, if so, whether one is more strongly correlated than the other. It offers an analysis of five functions to see if there is functional distribution of so and entonces.
Factors Underlying Spanish Development
Authors: Potowski Kim , Torres Lourdes 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the underlying social conditions that lead to Spanish use and intergenerational transmission among Chicago Latino speakers. The goal of the chapter is to explore the factors that underlie the development of diverse Spanish proficiency levels within Latino Chicago. The chapter reviews previous studies on intergenerational Spanish transmission and loss in the U.S. and considers how factors such as input, attitudes, regional origin, and age of onset of English can affect the development of a minority language. The chapter then discusses factors that impacted Spanish proficiency across the life span in Chicago, including attitudes about Spanish, language use in the home and social networks, order of acquisition, bilingual education, and visits to Mexico or Puerto Rico. The chapter also discusses proficiency outliers—speakers whose Spanish proficiency was either higher or lower than the average for their generational group. It considers both high-proficiency outliers and low-proficiency outliers.
Patient perspectives on tapering biologic or targeted synthetic therapy in well-controlled rheumatoid arthritis and comparison with providers’ perspectives
Authors: Wiemer Nicholas , Webster Patrick , Attur Malavikalakshmi , Yin Yue , Sharma Tarun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
We examined patient and providers’ perspectives on tapering biologic or targeted synthetic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARD or tsDMARD) in well-controlled RA to determine which factors influence their long-term treatment decisions.

Methods
A standardized phone survey was administered to patients with well-controlled RA based on electronic health record review. Providers were also surveyed. Univariate and multivariable regression analysis was performed with odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI.

Results
Sixty-two patients and 11 providers completed the survey. In total, 39 (63%) patients would consider a bDMARD/tsDMARD taper. Patients were more likely to consider a taper if they thought their RA was well-controlled (OR 8.02, 95% CI 2.15–29.99, P = 0.002) and of shorter duration (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89–0.99, P = 0.02). Patients were less likely to consider a taper if older (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91–1.0, P = 0.05), if they were being treated with conventional synthetic DMARDs (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.07–0.86, P = 0.0275) or daily glucocorticoids (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.02–0.44, P = 0.0033). Patients’ and providers’ top concerns about long-term bDMARD/tsDMARD use were malignancy and infection. Their concerns about tapering were worsening pain, flare and loss of function. Patients were more likely to consider a bDMARD/tsDMARD taper than providers (63% vs 36%).

Conclusion
Patients who have had well-controlled RA are more likely to consider tapering bDMARD/tsDMARD when not being treated with csDMARDs or glucocorticoids. Patients and providers shared similar concerns regarding long-term use and tapering of bDMARD/tsDMARD, but patients were more likely to consider a taper.
Draft Genome Sequences of 11 Isolates of Ophiosphaerella spp., the Causal Agents of Several Turfgrass Diseases Including Spring Dead Spot of Bermudagrass and Necrotic Ring Spot of Kentucky Bluegrass
Authors: Proaño-Cuenca Fernanda , Graf-Grachet Nathalia , Garzon Carla , Wu Yanqi , Marek Stephen , Walker Nathan R. 
Published: October 2023

Ophiosphaerella herpotricha, O. korrae, and O. narmari are the causal agents of spring dead spot of warm-season grasses worldwide, and O. korrae is the causal agent of necrotic ring spot of cool-season grasses that primarily occurs in North and South America. All three species are considered important pathogens of turfgrasses, and there is limited genomic information about these ectotrophic, root-infecting fungi. Herein are reported the draft genome sequences of three isolates of O. herpotricha, five O. korrae, and three O. narmari isolates, furthering the knowledge about these three important turfgrass disease-causing species. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Grain Yield and Quality Losses Caused by Tan Spot in Wheat Cultivars in Australia
Authors: Cook Melissa J. , Edwards Jacqueline , Rodoni Brendan , McLean Mark S. , Santa Isabel Munoz , Hollaway Grant J. 
Published: October 2023

Tan spot (TS), known in Australia as yellow leaf spot, is caused by the fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, a major foliar disease of wheat. Four experiments were conducted between 2016 and 2017 in two different climatic zones of southeastern Australia to determine the impact of TS on grain yield and quality in six wheat cultivars with different resistance ratings. In each experiment, high and low TS disease scenarios were applied to each cultivar. Disease severity was assessed as either whole-plot percentage leaf area affected (%LAA) or top three leaf (flag to flag-2) %LAA. Whole-plot %LAA was analyzed using both repeated measurements and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). For whole-plot %LAA, the repeated measurements identified differences in epidemic progression at key growth stages not identified through AUDPC. Both AUDPC and end-of-season flag to flag-2 %LAA were negatively correlated with grain yield and screenings. Increased rainfall impacting disease development and number of rain days above 5 mm increased TS severity across both climatic zones. Cultivar resistance ratings influenced grain yield loss, with moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, and susceptible cultivars losing up to 6, 18, and 24% grain yield, respectively. High disease significantly increased screenings by up to 1, 3, and 5% for moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, and susceptible cultivars, respectively. This study demonstrated that TS can cause significant grain yield losses in southeastern Australia, and a minimum cultivar rating of moderate resistance to moderate susceptibility was required to prevent severe TS and associated grain yield and quality losses. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Outcomes of Patients With Sepsis and Septic Shock Requiring Source Control: A Prospective Observational Single-Center Study
Authors: Naqvi Fatima , Jain Pranav , Umer Amna , Rana Bilal , Hadique Sarah 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Source control is important in management of septic shock. We studied differences in outcomes of patients with sepsis and septic shock who required source control intervention compared with those who did not need such intervention and the effect of the timing of source control on various clinical outcomes.

DESIGN:
Prospective observational study from February 28, 2020, to March 31, 2021.

SETTING:
Medical ICU of academic quaternary medical center.

PATIENTS:
Two hundred five adult (≥18 yr) ICU patients.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Patients were divided into a medical treatment group and a source control group. Patients requiring source control were further divided into early (intervention performed < 24 hr) and late (≥ 24 hr) source control groups. The primary outcomes were 30-day and ICU mortality. Secondary outcomes were ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS), days on mechanical ventilation, and need for renal replacement therapy. A total of 45.9% patients underwent source control. Of these, early source control was performed in 44.7% and late source control in 55.3% of patients. There was no significant difference in 30-day mortality or ICU mortality in the medical versus source control groups or in early versus late source control groups. Compared with the medical group, mean hospital LOS (11.5 vs 17.4 d; p < 0.01) and ICU LOS (5.2 vs 7.7 d; p < 0.01) were longer in the source control group. The hospital LOS (12.5 vs 21.4 d; p < 0.01) and ICU LOS (5.2 vs 9.7 d; p < 0.01) were also longer in patients who had delayed source control than in patients who had early source control. There were no significant differences in other outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although mortality was similar, patients who had delayed source control had a longer ICU and hospital LOS. Early source control may improve health care utilization in septic shock patients.
Conjunctival Lesions Secondary to Systemic Varicella Zoster Virus Infection
Authors: Grassmeyer Justin J. , Bellsmith Kellyn N. , Bradee Allison R. , Pegany Roma B. , Redd Travis K. 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
To report and present images of a case in which discrete conjunctival lesions developed in the setting of primary varicella zoster virus infection (ie, chickenpox).

Methods:
Case report and literature review.

Results:
This report describes a young, unvaccinated male who developed an acutely painful, red eye in the setting of disseminated primary varicella zoster infection. The cutaneous rash was widespread and included lesions on both eyelids. The patient was found to have multiple discrete de-epithelialized lesions involving the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva. Throughout the disease course, good visual function was maintained and there was no evidence of intraocular involvement. The ocular surface lesions resolved without sequelae after 1 week of treatment with topical antibiotic ointment.

Conclusions:
Primary varicella zoster infection is an increasingly rare phenomenon in the setting of widespread vaccination. However, unvaccinated or undervaccinated individuals and other at-risk populations remain susceptible to developing severe infections. This case of chickenpox involved discrete conjunctival lesions that resolved without sequelae after conservative treatment with topical antibiotic ointment. While serious ophthalmic complications are uncommon in primary varicella infection, clinicians should be aware of the potential for ocular morbidity in this increasingly rare condition.