bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of antibiotics using ATC/DDD and DU 90% methods on ICU patients at Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital
Authors: Nasution Embun Suci , Tanjung Hari Ronaldo , Putri Inggianti 
Published: October 2023

Background: Evaluation of the use of antibiotics is the control of antimicrobial resistance. The ATC/DDD method was recommended to evaluate drug use quantitatively which can be used to compare the quantity of antibiotic use between hospitals and between countries. This research was a descriptive study with retrospective data collection cross-sectional. This research was conducted at the ICU of Universitas Sumatera Utara hospital in August-November 2022 from medical record data for the period January-December 2021 which included patient demographics, patient diagnoses, antibiotic dosage forms, routes of administration, types of antibiotics, dosage, duration of antibiotics use, and duration of treatment.
Methods: Evaluation of antibiotic doses using the ATC/DDD method. The results of the study from 57 medical records that met the inclusion criteria showed that the ICU patients who used the most antibiotics were male (59.7%), the age group was &gt;56 years (56.14%), patient diagnoses with COVID-19 (33.33%), and the dosage form was injection with the intravenous route of administration. The most frequently used antibiotics were levofloxacin (48.54%) 45.61 DDD/100 patient-days and ceftriaxone (30.06%) 28.25 DDD/100 patient-days, and the average value of Length of Stay (LOS) is 5.4 ±3.98 days with a total DDD/100 patient-days value of 93.96 (reference value of 51–67 DDD/100 patient-days). DU 90% segment namely levofloxacin (48.69%), ceftriaxone (30.16%) and meropenem (12.82%). The results of the study concluded that the use of antibiotics in ICU patients at Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital showed a high DDD/100 patient-days rate. Therefore, it is necessary for hospital to continuously monitor and evaluated the rational use of antibiotics to prevent resistance of antibiotics.
Israël face à la guerre en Ukraine, ou l’impossible équilibre
Authors: Encel Frédéric 
Published: October 2023

Israël ne pouvait en aucun cas demeurer neutre dans la guerre russe en Ukraine. Pourtant, pour le gouvernement Bennet/Lapid, le dilemme était difficile à trancher : d’une part l’opinion – surtout chez les nombreux russophones du pays – n’était pas massivement en faveur d’une Ukraine au passé antisémite, d’autre part, il s’agissait de ne pas froisser Vladimir Poutine, maître de l’espace aérien syrien en pleine pénétration iranienne face au Golan. Mais la nouvelle coalition Netanyahou en place depuis décembre 2022, a décidé d’obtempérer pour partie au moins aux exigences de l’Occident (notamment en termes de ventes de systèmes de détection), les États-Unis et l’UE représentant presque les trois quarts des importations de l’État hébreu et la quasi-totalité des investissements en son sein. Cela dit, les pressions occidentales n’expliquent pas tout ; en contrepartie de son positionnement pro-ukrainien, le nationaliste Netanyahou a demandé et obtenu une grande réserve et l’absence de pressions sur le dossier palestinien... Sollicité pour ces capacités techniques militaires, mais politiquement incapable de résister aux pressions de ses soutiens, Israël démontre tout à la fois sa force et sa faiblesse.
L’intégration par les « soft skills ».Une « ­­start-­­up sociale » au service de ­­l’insertion professionnelle des réfugié·es en France
Authors: Bical Ulysse 
Published: October 2023

Cet article ­­s’intéresse aux récentes évolutions de la politique ­­d’intégration des personnes étrangères en France, en particulier à la priorité donnée à ­­l’emploi des réfugié·es. À partir ­­d’une enquête ethnographique menée dans un organisme auquel est déléguée la mise en œuvre de cet objectif, il analyse le travail ­­d’intégration tel ­­qu’il est réalisé par ­­l’organisme et prescrit aux réfugié·es. La ­­start-­­up leur dispense, outre des cours de langue, une formation aux « compétences relationnelles » qui enjoint les immigrant·es à se conformer à une série de normes comportementales – dont le respect conditionnerait leur entrée et leur maintien sur le marché du travail.
Un travail social « réaliste » : Comment les associations « opératrices » de ­­l’action sociale tempèrent les attentes envers ­­l’État français
Authors: Bonduelle Tessa 
Published: October 2023

Pour gérer la crise des réfugié·es, ­­l’État français a ­­sous-­­traité ­­l’accompagnement des demandeurs et demandeuses ­­d’asile et des réfugié·es à des associations. La ­­sous-­­traitance soumet ces associations à des objectifs ­­d’efficacité et ­­d’austérité, contraignant le travail de leurs salarié·es et mettant à mal ­­l’idéal ­­d’un travail social humain et relationnel. Cet article analyse les pratiques ­­d’accompagnement des salarié·es de ces associations dans des centres ­­d’hébergement et des programmes de réinstallation. Fortement contraint·es dans leur capacité à humaniser les opérations de ­­l’État, ces salarié·es entreprennent un travail social « réaliste ». Ils et elles façonnent le « rapport ordinaire » (Spire, 2016) des demandeurs et demandeuses ­­d’asile et des réfugié·es à ­­l’État en les socialisant à une forme de résignation face à des services publics dégradés.
Supply chain disruptions and resilience in manufacturing industry during covid-19: Additive manufacturing intervention in perspective
Authors: Dzogbwu Thywill , Afrifa Jnr Sampson , Amoah Nathaniel , Fianko Samuel Koranteng , Imdaadulah Adam , De Beer Deon 
Published: October 2023

Purpose: This paper examined supply chain disruptions in the manufacturing industry in South Africa and how additive manufacturing technology was used to help deal with disruptions encountered.Design/methodology/approach: The study adopted a qualitative research approach in order to meet the objectives of the study. A total of ten (10) managers of conventional manufacturing firms and ten (10) managers of 3D printing firms in Free State, South Africa participated in the study through the use of a purposive sampling technique. Interview guides were used in the collection of data. Data transcriptions and thematic analysis were used to analyze data gathered from the interviews.Findings: The results of the study showed that 3D printing contributed positively in dealing with manufacturing disruptions that were encountered by manufacturing firms in Free State, South Africa through the production of components and spare parts that were broken down in manufacturing machinery/plants. From the study, the researchers recommend that 3D printing technology should be adopted by manufacturing firms because of its practicality in providing manufacturing support and production continuity even in supply chain disruptive experiences caused by pandemics such as Covid-19. Originality/value: The study proves that due to the versatility of the 3D printing technology it could be used to minimize the effect of supply chain disruption during cries such as the Covid-19 pandemic. One of the unique contributions of the current study is the realization that additive manufacturing was not of much relevance to the generic supply chain challenges encountered in supply chain activiteis, but rather very relevant in helping to prevent disruptions of the manufacturing process by improvising spare parts at the peak of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Calorie restriction potentiates epigallocatechin-3-gallate-mediated Nrf2 activation in hepatocytes of aged rats
Authors: Ravindran Rajeswari , Manuel Malathi , Mohan Thangarajeswari , Jaganathan Ravindran , Periandavan Kalaiselvi 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
To explore the combinatorial effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and calorie restriction on activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor involved in the antioxidant defense system of aged rats.

Methods:
Aged male Wistar rats were calorie-restricted and treated with EGCG orally for 45 days. The initial body weight of aged rats was recorded, and the final body weight was measured at the end of the experimental period. Serum lipid and lipoprotein status, oxidative stress markers such as free radicals and malondialdehyde levels, and reduced glutathione were assessed. In addition, RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses were performed.

Results:
Calorie restriction potentiated the effect of EGCG on enhancing antioxidant status, improving the levels of serum lipid and lipoproteins, upregulating Nrf2 and Bcl2, and downregulating Keap1, cullin3, Bax and cytochrome c in aged rats.

Conclusions:
Calorie restriction can promote EGCG-mediated Nrf2 activation in aged rats. This preliminary finding paves the way for a combinatory approach to replenishing the antioxidant status during aging, thereby reducing the risk for age-associated degenerative diseases.
First molecular detection of influenza D virus in cattle from commercial farm in Nigeria, Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Anjorin Abdul-Azeez A. , Moronkeji Gideon O. , Temenu Goodness O. , Maiyegun Omolade A. , Fakorede Christopher O. , Ajoseh Samuel O. , Salami Wasiu O. , Abegunrin Rebecca O. , Amisu Kehinde O. , Akinyemi Kabiru O. 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
To carrry out molecular surveillance of influenza D virus (IDV) in cattle in Lagos, Nigeria.

Methods:
Prospective epidemiological investigation was initiated in a large commercial farm market where animals in open pens were reared, sold, and butchered under poor hygienic conditions without adequate biosecurity measures. A total of 80 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from cattle between October and November 2021. The samples were extracted using an RNA purification kit (NIMR). RNA extracts were amplified following a two-step PCR using FIREScript RT cDNA synthesis kit (Solis Biodyne, Estonia), followed by PCR OneTaq Quick-load 2X master-mix (NEB, UK) in a Rotor-Gene thermocycler (Qiagen, Germany). Amplicons were detected using a 1.5% Gel electrophoresis.

Results:
In total, 32.5% (26/80) IDV was detected in cattle. Sick animals showed higher burden of IDV with 65.4% (17/26) than 34.6% (9/26) in a healthy population, including 88.2% (15/17) cattle with diarrhoea and 11.8% (2/17) with nausea having IDV. An incidence of 69.2% (18/26) by sex was recorded in bull, which was more than twice compared to 30.7% (8/26) in cow. Age prevalence showed 62.2% (18/26), the highest detection in cattle of four years old, followed by 23.1% (6/26) in five years old, while the lowest 7.7% (2/26) was recorded in three years old.

Conclusions:
To the best of our knowledge, this study presents the first molecular detection of IDV in Nigeria and West Africa sub-region. It underscores the need for continuous surveillance of IDV at the animal-human interface.
Neurological Manifestations of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoimmunity in Indian Patients
Authors: Thevarkalam Meena , Kannoth Sudheeran , Nambiar Vivek , Gopinath Siby , Mathai Annamma , Anandakuttan Anandkumar , Krishnan Sajitha , Bhaskaran Renjitha 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
To study the neurological manifestations of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD 65) autoimmunity in Indian patients.

Methods:
Retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care referral hospital in South India. Patients who tested positive for GAD 65 antibodies from February 2013 to July 2019 were included.

Results:
We identified 922 patients who underwent GAD 65 testing, of which 81 tested positive (8.78%) [mean age 55.42 years (SD 17.39, range 9–86 years, median age 57 years)]. Males (n = 47) outnumbered the females (n = 34). All the GAD values measured were <5000 IU/ml. There were 34 cases (42%) of atypical parkinsonism (16/34, 47% fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for autoimmune atypical parkinsonism) in our series forming the most common group with GAD 65 positivity, followed by autoimmune encephalitis (8 cases, 9.88%). Men were more affected with atypical parkinsonism (22/34; 64.70%), stiff person syndrome (2/3; 66.66%), and neuropathy (4/7; 57.1%) while women were more with autoimmune encephalitis (6/8; 75%). Eighteen (22.6%) had underlying autoimmunity (three had type 1 diabetes mellitus). Six (7.4%) had underlying neoplasm. Thirty-three out of 43 patients responded to immunotherapy (76.74%). Five had spontaneous improvement.

Conclusion:
Glutamic acid decarboxylase65 antibody values were much lower in our study population. Male-dominant autoimmunity was seen unlike that in Western literature. The most striking was the high preponderance of atypical parkinsonism in GAD 65-positive patients. We also found that GAD 65 positivity is a useful marker for a positive response to immunotherapy in suspected autoimmune neurological syndromes irrespective of their titers.
Instruments to Measure Betel Quid Dependency among Young and Adult Chewers – A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
Authors: Deshpande Ashwini , Nagi Ravleen , Byatnal Amit , Lingappa Ashok , Ashok Sujatha , Sahu Pitambra 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:
Betel quid (BQ) consumption is prevalent globally, majorly consumed in South-Asia and South-East Asian countries. Among the other country studies done on BQ, the focus has been on its consumption prevalence, its physiological and psychological effects, and aids to discontinue this habit. Systematic literature research on suitability of different instruments (metric or scale) to measure BQ dependency is scarce, hence pointing to the need of more evidence-based studies in this domain.

Aim:
The aim of the article was to identify the instruments used in the published literature to measure BQ dependency among young and adult chewers and draw a comparison.

Methodology:
The electronic retrieval systems and databases PubMed (Medline), Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched independently by two authors from January 2011 to September 2022 for the collection of desired data.

Results:
Among 1271 articles, 337 were duplicates and removed, 866 did not meet selection criteria. Out of 68 articles, 57 were excluded due to the lack of relevant data. Finally, only 11 articles were included for the analysis in this systematic review.

Conclusion:
Due to a scarcity of researches in this direction, no scale can be assigned as the best Dependence Scale, thus necessitating more such systematic reviews and meta-analysis for better comprehension and usage of present dependence scales.
To Evaluate and Compare the Effect of Various Surface Treatment Modalities on Shear Bond Strength of Composite to Polyetherketoneketone and SEM Analysis: An In vitro Study
Authors: Chopra Arushi , Goswami Roma , Saxena Deepesh , Trivedi Anshul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Context:
It is a challenge to bond resin materials with polyetherketoneketone (PEKK). To increase the bond strength, surface treatments using chemical adhesion, mechanical adhesion, or a combination of both can be used.

Aims:
The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of PEKK to the composite resin after various surface treatments and to evaluate the fracture mode analyses.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and twenty PEKK specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n = 30) after three different surface treatments (95% sulfuric acid etching, airborne abrasion with 110 μm aluminum-oxide, and 99% acetone). With the help of polytetrafluorethylene tube, resin composite (3M ESPE) was bonded on all the specimens, thermocycled, and subjected to shear bond strength testing. Thereafter, 15 samples from each group were assessed for fracture mode analyses using a scanning electron microscope.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Mean, Standard deviation, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) f-test, post hoc Tukey’s test.

Results:
Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA f-test revealed that the results were significant with a P < 0.05 with the maximum value obtained in the case of air abraded group and the minimum value obtained in the case of the untreated group. Adhesive failure mode was the most common among the air-abraded group.

Conclusions:
The mechanical surface treatment group (air abrasion) showed higher shear bond strength than the chemical surface treatment groups (sulfuric acid and acetone). The mixed-type fracture mode was most commonly noted in the air-abraded group.
Clinical, Histological, and Molecular Perspective on Regenerating Nonvital Immature Teeth
Authors: Claudia García-Guerrero , Tania Mora-Pinza , Sara Quijano-Guauque , Carolina Leal-Fernández , Paula Baldión-Elorza 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:
Disinfection and dentin conditioning promote a favorable scenario for regenerative endodontic treatment. Clinical reports have confirmed periapical normality with high variability in disinfection protocols; nevertheless, the nature of neoformed tissue varied between them. Thus, this study aimed to present the impact of disinfection protocols on the clinical, histological, and molecular outcomes of regenerative endodontics procedures in permanent teeth with incomplete root formation.

Materials and Methods:
Eighteen teeth with incomplete root formation which required endodontic regenerative treatment were treated with different disinfection and conditioning agents and followed under clinical control. One case was evaluated under histological and immunohistochemical analyses.

Results:
Clinical outcomes revealed periapical repair in 17/18 cases. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the neoformation of the dentinal matrix and its mineralization.

Conclusions:
Chemical conditioning could impact the outcome of regenerative endodontic procedures. The histological and immunohistochemical analysis showed the nature of the newly formed tissue that correlates with the clinical outcome.
In vitro Evaluation of Cytotoxic Effects of Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Annona muricata on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-15 Cell Lines and its Effect On Expression of Bcl 2-associated X protein, B-cell C/Lymphoma 2 and p53 Genes
Authors: Mary S. Jeslin , Veeravarmal Veeran , Tharmasahayam Isaac Joseph , Augustine Percy Ida , Angelin D. , Nassar Mohamed Hanifa Mohamed 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:
Due to their wide spectrum of phytochemical components and lack of side effects, the use of plants for the prevention and treatment of cancer has recently attracted increased attention. One among them is Annona muricata, commonly called soursop. According to recent investigations, several types of cancer have been successfully treated using this plant’s extracts. However, studies on oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are very limited.

Aim:
In the present study, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxic potential of leaf extract of A. muricata (LEAM) against oral tongue SCC-15 cell lines, using in vitro assays.

Materials and Methods:
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dipenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed to assess cytotoxic activity, and the apoptotic effect was determined using gene expression analyses of Bcl 2-associated X protein (Bax), B-cell C/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and tumor-suppressor phosphoprotein (p53).

Results:
Significant cytotoxicity (P ≤ 0.05) with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 40 μg/ml was observed with the LEAM on SCC-15 cell lines. A highly significant decrease was observed in Bcl-2 gene expression (P < 0.05), whereas p53 and BAX genes revealed a highly significant increase (P < 0.05) when SCC-15 cell lines were treated with LEAM in the study group compared to the control.

Conclusion:
These results show that LEAM has the potential for development as a therapeutic agent for cytotoxicity, particularly on oral SCC cells, following further investigation.
Laparoscopic ultrasonography along with staging laparoscopy as a tool for staging in patients with hepatopancreaticobiliary malignancy – A prospective cohort study from a tertiary care centre
Authors: Rai Sanjeet Kumar , Sarangi Shakti Swaroop , Asuri Krishna , Prajapati Om Prakash , Goyal Ankur , Bansal Virinder Kumar 
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
Staging laparoscopy (SL) plays an important role in avoiding unnecessary non-therapeutic laparotomy in radiologically resectable hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) malignancy patients. The limitation of SL is to detect deep-seated malignancy. The addition of laparoscopic ultrasonography for identifying metastatic lesions or locally unresectable disease improves the diagnostic yield of SL.

Patients and Methods:
This prospective, observational study was conducted in a single unit of the tertiary care centre between 2017 and 2019. All the patients of HPB malignancy who were radiologically resectable underwent SL and laparoscopic intraoperative ultrasonography. Metastatic disease patients were either underwent palliative bypass procedures or abandoned depending on the condition of the patient. Patients who had resectable disease underwent standard surgical procedures.

Results:
Forty patients of HPB malignancy with potentially resectable on radiological imaging underwent SL and diagnostic ultrasonography. Out of 40, 21 patients had periampullary, 14 had carcinoma gallbladder and 5 patients had distal cholangiocarcinoma. Metastatic lesions were identified on laparoscopy in eight patients and the diagnostic yield of SL is 20%. Addition of laparoscopic ultrasonography identified one haemangioma which was false positive on laparoscopy and underwent the radical standard procedure. Four patients were unresectable so the procedure was abandoned and another three patients underwent a bypass procedure.

Conclusion:
Laparoscopic ultrasonography during SL can detect deep-seated metastatic lesions and decide the management in resectable disease.