bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The progression of obstructive renal fibrosis in rats is regulated by ADAMTS18 gene methylation in the embryonic kidney through the AKT/Notch pathway
Authors: Xu Ben , Zhang Jia‐en , Ye Lin , Yuan Chang‐wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the mechanism by which postembryonic renal ADAMTS18 methylation influences obstructive renal fibrosis in rats. After exposure to transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 during the embryonic period, analysis of postembryonic renal ADAMTS18 methylation and expression levels was conducted. Histological analysis was performed to assess embryonic kidney lesions and damage. Western blot analysis was used to determine the expression of renal fibrosis markers. Rats with ureteral obstruction and a healthy control group were selected. The methylation levels of ADAMTS18 in the different groups were analyzed. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed to analyze the expression of renal fibrosis markers, and kidney‐related indicators were measured. Treatment with TGF‐β1 resulted in abnormal development of the postembryonic kidney, which was characterized by rough kidney surfaces with mild depressions and irregularities on the outer surface. TGF‐β1 treatment significantly promoted ADAMTS18 methylation and activated the protein kinase B (AKT)/Notch pathway. Ureteral obstruction was induced to establish a renal hydronephrosis model, which led to renal fibrotic injury in newborn rats. Overexpression of the ADAMTS18 gene alleviated renal fibrosis. The western blot results showed that compared to that in the control group, the expression of renal fibrosis markers was significantly decreased after ADAMTS18 overexpression, and there was a thicker renal parenchymal tissue layer and significantly reduced p‐AKT/AKT and Notch1 levels. TGF‐β1 can induce ADAMTS18 gene methylation in the postembryonic kidney, and the resulting downregulation of ADAMTS18 expression has long‐term effects on kidney development, potentially leading to increased susceptibility to obstructive renal fibrosis. This mechanism may involve activation of the AKT/Notch pathway. Reversing ADAMTS18 gene methylation may reverse this process.
Body image dissatisfaction during the first year of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis
Authors: Cushman Grace K. , Rea Kelly E. , Westbrook Adrianna L. , Alexander Colleen , Reed Bonney 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesDissatisfaction with one's body can be distressing; youth with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be at increased risk for body image dissatisfaction given disease symptoms and treatment side effects. Yet, no studies have examined body image dissatisfaction over time in youth with IBD and whether depressive symptoms are associated with change in dissatisfaction.MethodsFifty‐seven pediatric participants (8–17 years old) newly diagnosed with IBD were enrolled. Youth completed questionnaires assessing body image dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms shortly after diagnosis (Time 1) and 12 months later (Time 2). Multilevel longitudinal modeling was used to test the extent to which body image dissatisfaction changed across the first year of diagnosis and to test change in body image dissatisfaction as a function of depressive symptoms.ResultsFindings indicated significant between‐ and within‐person variance in body image dissatisfaction over the 12 months, yet the sample as a whole did not report significant changes in dissatisfaction from Time 1 to Time 2. Children reporting depressive symptoms greater than their individual average over time reported greater body image dissatisfaction. Between‐person variation in depressive symptoms demonstrated a significant interaction with time. As an individual's depressive symptoms exceeded the group average, their body image dissatisfaction increased, although less drastically as time since diagnosis progressed.ConclusionsFindings suggest that body image dissatisfaction is a complex and dynamic construct across youth and that interventions for pediatric IBD patients need to be tailored to the needs of individuals. Methods for assessing body image dissatisfaction efficiently and repeatedly across multiple visits are provided.
Evaluation of eating quality of white rice using Raman spectroscopy with multivariate analysis
Authors: Yamada Sohei , Saito Kohei , Maeda Hayato , Kanda Shinichiro , Uemura Toyokazu , Ogawa Takayo , Wada Satoshi , Hanada Yasutaka 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe present study evaluated the eating quality of uncooked white rice using Raman spectroscopy, operating with a 532 nm excitation beam, in conjunction with multivariate calibration. This analysis was performed to establish correlations between features of the spectra and the results of conventional sensory tests with the aim of establishing calibration models. The accuracy of each model was confirmed based on the associated coefficient of determination (R2), root‐mean‐square error of calibration and root mean square error of prediction values. Models based on partial least‐squares regression provided reasonable predictions (R2 > 0.8) for the eating quality of white rice. In addition, the components affecting total evaluation were evaluated using the variable importance in projection technique, and the results showed that starch, amylose, amino acids, glucans, carbohydrates, and proteins are all crucial in terms of determining the quality of white rice. This newly developed method is likely to be suitable for the evaluation of rice quality and, in principle, could also be applied to the assessment of other foods.
How do editors use editorials to lead their journals? Insights from the field of human resource management
Authors: Plakhotnik Maria S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEditorials have earned a special place among many practices, tools, and policies available to editors for journal advancement. Despite the vital and diverse roles of editorials in academic journals, they have rarely been systematically analysed for common characteristics or patterns. In this study, I approached editorials as a leadership practice of journal editors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand how editors use editorials to lead their journals. To render a manageable set of editorials and, at the same time, to capture the latest trends, I focused on editorials published in 2022 in top journals in the field of organizational behaviour/human resource management indexed by Scopus. The sample consisted of 120 editorials found in 103 journals managed by 21 publishers. I analysed the editorials using qualitative content analysis that was guided by two research questions: (1) How commonly do editors use editorials? (2) What objectives do editors pursue in their editorials? The analyses showed that editorials appear to be neither a regular nor a common practice. An overwhelming majority of editorials were written to validate existing knowledge. The findings raise several important issues, including an unclear contribution of editorials, perceived or factual, to academic journals and the editor's role in the journal development process. Journal editors, editorial board members, publishers, universities, and organizations associated with journals should consider revisiting their policies and practices to ensure a purposeful, meaningful, and systematic use of editorials.
Recent Advances in Engineering Carriers for siRNA Delivery
Authors: Yang Chengbin , Lin Zheng‐Ian , Zhang Xinmeng , Xu Zhourui , Xu Gaixia , Wang Yu‐Min , Tsai Tzu‐Hsien , Cheng Pei‐Wen , Law Wing‐Cheung , Yong Ken‐Tye , Chen Chih‐Kuang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) technology has been a promising treatment strategy for combating intractable diseases. However, the applications of RNAi in clinical are hampered by extracellular and intracellular barriers. To overcome these barriers, various siRNA delivery systems have been developed in the past two decades. The first approved RNAi therapeutic, Patisiran (ONPATTRO) using lipids as the carrier, for the treatment of amyloidosis is one of the most important milestones. This has greatly encouraged researchers to work on creating new functional siRNA carriers. In this review, the recent advances in siRNA carriers consisting of lipids, polymers, and polymer‐modified inorganic particles for cancer therapy are summarized. Representative examples are presented to show the structural design of the carriers in order to overcome the delivery hurdles associated with RNAi therapies. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspective for developing RNAi as a clinical modality will be discussed and proposed. It is believed that the addressed contributions in this review will promote the development of siRNA delivery systems for future clinical applications.
Probabilistic limit theorems induced by the zeros of polynomials
Authors: Heerten Nils , Sambale Holger , Thäle Christoph 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSequences of discrete random variables are studied whose probability generating functions are zero‐free in a sector of the complex plane around the positive real axis. Sharp bounds on the cumulants of all orders are stated, leading to Berry–Esseen bounds, moderate deviation results, concentration inequalities, and mod‐Gaussian convergence. In addition, an alternate proof of the cumulant bound with improved constants for a class of polynomials all of whose roots lie on the unit circle is provided. A variety of examples is discussed in detail.
Automated Quantification of Eye Tics Using Computer Vision and Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Conelea Christine , Liang Hengyue , DuBois Megan , Raab Brittany , Kellman Mia , Wellen Brianna , Jacob Suma , Wang Sonya , Sun Ju , Lim Kelvin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundTourette syndrome (TS) tics are typically quantified using “paper and pencil” rating scales that are susceptible to factors that adversely impact validity. Video‐based methods to more objectively quantify tics have been developed but are challenged by reliance on human raters and procedures that are resource intensive. Computer vision approaches that automate detection of atypical movements may be useful to apply to tic quantification.ObjectiveThe current proof‐of‐concept study applied a computer vision approach to train a supervised deep learning algorithm to detect eye tics in video, the most common tic type in patients with TS.MethodsVideos (N = 54) of 11 adolescent patients with TS were rigorously coded by trained human raters to identify 1.5‐second clips depicting “eye tic events” (N = 1775) and “non‐tic events” (N = 3680). Clips were encoded into three‐dimensional facial landmarks. Supervised deep learning was applied to processed data using random split and disjoint split regimens to simulate model validity under different conditions.ResultsArea under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.89 for the random split regimen, indicating high accuracy in the algorithm's ability to properly classify eye tic vs. non–eye tic movements. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.74 for the disjoint split regimen, suggesting that algorithm generalizability is more limited when trained on a small patient sample.ConclusionsThe algorithm was successful in detecting eye tics in unseen validation sets. Automated tic detection from video is a promising approach for tic quantification that may have future utility in TS screening, diagnostics, and treatment outcome measurement. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Metabolomics at the tumor microenvironment interface: Decoding cellular conversations
Authors: Berrell Naomi , Sadeghirad Habib , Blick Tony , Bidgood Charles , Leggatt Graham R. , O'Byrne Ken , Kulasinghe Arutha 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCancer heterogeneity remains a significant challenge for effective cancer treatments. Altered energetics is one of the hallmarks of cancer and influences tumor growth and drug resistance. Studies have shown that heterogeneity exists within the metabolic profile of tumors, and personalized‐combination therapy with relevant metabolic interventions could improve patient response. Metabolomic studies are identifying novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets that have improved treatment response. The spatial location of elements in the tumor microenvironment are becoming increasingly important for understanding disease progression. The evolution of spatial metabolomics analysis now allows scientists to deeply understand how metabolite distribution contributes to cancer biology. Recently, these techniques have spatially resolved metabolite distribution to a subcellular level. It has been proposed that metabolite mapping could improve patient outcomes by improving precision medicine, enabling earlier diagnosis and intraoperatively identifying tumor margins. This review will discuss how altered metabolic pathways contribute to cancer progression and drug resistance and will explore the current capabilities of spatial metabolomics technologies and how these could be integrated into clinical practice to improve patient outcomes.
The c.386A>C p.(Asn129Thr) variant in SMAD4 is likely to be pathogenic, causing Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome. A case report of a mosaic variant
Authors: Valentín Fátima , de Tejada Alberto Herreros , Gonzaléz‐Vioque Emiliano , García‐Simón Natalia , Sánchez Antonio , Romero Atocha 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundJuvenile Polyposis Syndrome (JPS) is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disorder characterized by the development of multiple hamartomatous gastrointestinal polyps. Here, we present a case of JPS with a mosaic variant in SMAD4.MethodsExome sequencing TRIO analysis, using germline DNA from the biological mother and father along with the index case (IC).ResultsA 46‐year‐old male with no family history of cancer presented with chronic iron deficiency anemia and was diagnosed with massive gastric polyposis (≥100 polyps). At the age of 59, he underwent a total gastrectomy, revealing numerous polyps occupying the entire gastric mucosa, including a 5 cm gastric hyperplastic polyp with high‐grade dysplasia and focal adenocarcinoma. TRIO analysis identified the c.386A>C p.(Asn129Thr) variant in the SMAD4 gene at an allele frequency (AF) of 22%, suggesting its mosaic origin. Subsequently, the variant was found in heterozygosity in the IC's son, who exhibited two subcentimeter polyps in the colon and seven inflammatory gastric polyps with gastric inflammatory areas and hyperplasia, suggesting that the c.386A>C p.(Asn129Thr) variant in SMAD4 segregated with the phenotype.ConclusionOur study provides evidence supporting the classification of the c.386A>C p.(Asn129Thr) variant in SMAD4 as a likely pathogenic variant. This finding contributes to improved accuracy in the diagnosis and genetic counseling of JPS.
Biallelic truncating TTN variants in M‐band encoding exons cause a fetal lethal titinopathy
Authors: Li Ming‐wei , Li Fan , Cheng Zhen‐xing , Cheng Jin , Wu Quan , Wang Zhi‐xin , Wang Fei , Zhou Ping 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo report two novel TTN variants associated with fetal recessive titinopathy, thereby broadening the range of TTN variants that can lead to titinopathy. Clinical information on the fetus and parents was gathered, and genomic DNAs were extracted from the fetal tissue and family members' peripheral blood samples. Exome sequencing on fetal DNA was performed and following bioinformatics analysis, the suspected pathogenic variants were confirmed through Sanger sequencing. Prenatal ultrasound performed at 29 weeks of gestation revealed hydrops fetalis, decreased fetal movements, multiple joint contractures and polyhydramnios. Intrauterine fetal death was noted in the third trimester. Exome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous variants in the TTN gene: a paternally inherited allele c.101227C>T (p.Arg33743Ter) and a maternally inherited c.104254C>T (p.Gln34752Ter) allele. These variants have not been previously reported and are evaluated to be likely pathogenic according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. We report a fetus with hydrops fetalis and arthrogryposis multiplex congenita associated with a compound heterozygote in the TTN gene. Our report broadens the clinical and genetic spectrum associated with the TTN‐related conditions.
Multicenter study evaluating target attainment of anti‐Factor Xa levels using various enoxaparin prophylactic dosing practices in adult trauma patients
Authors: Chanas Tyler , Gibson Gabrielle , Langenstroer Elizabeth , Herrmann David J. , Carver Thomas W. , Alexander Kaitlin , Chui Sai Ho Jason , Rein Lisa , Ha Michael , Maynard Kaylee M. , Bamberg Kristen , O'Keefe Mary , O'Brien Marisa , Gonzalez Mariela Cardona , Hobbs Brandon , Pajoumand Mehrnaz , Peppard William J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStudy ObjectiveEnoxaparin is standard of care for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in adult trauma patients, but fixed‐dose protocols are suboptimal. Dosing based on body mass index (BMI) or total body weight (TBW) improves target prophylactic anti‐Xa level attainment and reduces VTE rates. A novel strategy using estimated blood volume (EBV) may be more effective based on results of a single‐center study. This study compared BMI‐, TBW‐, EBV‐based, and hybrid enoxaparin dosing strategies at achieving target prophylactic anti‐Factor Xa (anti‐Xa) levels in trauma patients.DesignMulticenter, retrospective review.Data SourceElectronic health records from participating institutions.PatientsAdult trauma patients who received enoxaparin twice daily for VTE prophylaxis and had at least one appropriately timed anti‐Xa level (collected 3 to 6 hours after the previous dose after three consecutive doses) from January 2017 through December 2020. Patients were excluded if the hospital‐specific dosing protocol was not followed or if they had thermal burns with > 20% body surface area involvement.InterventionDosing strategy used to determine initial prophylactic dose of enoxaparin.MeasurementsThe primary end point was percentage of patients with peak anti‐Xa levels within the target prophylactic range (0.2‐0.4 units/mL).Main ResultsNine hospitals enrolled 742 unique patients. The most common dosing strategy was based on BMI (43.0%), followed by EBV (29.0%). Patients dosed using EBV had the highest percentage of target anti‐Xa levels (72.1%). Multiple logistic regression demonstrated EBV‐based dosing was significantly more likely to yield anti‐Xa levels at or above target compared to BMI‐based dosing (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.29‐5.62, p < 0.001). EBV‐based dosing was also more likely than hybrid dosing to yield an anti‐Xa level at or above target (aOR 2.30, 95% CI 1.33‐3.98, p = 0.003). Other pairwise comparisons between dosing strategy groups were nonsignificant.ConclusionsAn EBV‐based dosing strategy was associated with higher odds of achieving anti‐Xa level within target range for enoxaparin VTE prophylaxis compared to BMI‐based dosing and may be a preferred method for VTE prophylaxis in adult trauma patients.
Seasonal variations of gravity‐wave parameters over the northern and southern Tibetan plateau radiosonde observatory
Authors: Qian Tingting , Wei Junhong , Liu Ge , Wang Shuguang , Xue Haile , Zhang Qiang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSeasonal variations of gravity‐wave parameters over the northern and southern Tibetan Plateau are studied using high vertical‐resolution L‐band radiosonde data during the period 2014 to 2019. The wave parameters include wavelength, frequency, phase speed, group velocity, perturbation energies and momentum fluxes. The synoptic effects on the gravity‐wave parameters are discussed and assessed with the Pearson correlation. The tropospheric vertical wavelengths as estimated from the zonal wind perturbation were found to show a pronounced decrease over the southern Tibetan Plateau in the warm season. The tropospheric (stratospheric) horizontal wavelength is shortest (longest) in summer, and the stratospheric horizontal wavelength is longer than the tropospheric horizontal wavelength. The ratio of the intrinsic frequency to the Coriolis parameter is 2.5–5 (2–4.5) with a summer (winter) maximum in the troposphere (lower stratosphere). The ratio is generally higher in the north than in the south. The typical value of the mean tropospheric (stratospheric) intrinsic‐phase speed is 3.5–6 (2–11) m·s−1. The mean intrinsic‐phase speed in the south is mostly larger than that in the north. The tropospheric zonal ground‐based group velocities are dominantly eastward in all seasons. The stratospheric zonal ground‐based group velocity shifts from eastward in summer to westward in winter. In the troposphere, the seasonal cycles of the kinetic energy (KE) and potential energy (PE) exhibit regional differences. The tropospheric vertical fluctuation energy (VE) is independent of both season and region. The stratospheric KE, PE and VE are smaller in the warm season. The negative zonal momentum flux and positive meridional momentum flux are strongest in winter and summer.
Podocyte injury and death: New insights into lupus nephritis pathogenesis and therapy
Authors: Shi Xiaolei , Wang Zhipeng , Tang Ruihan , Chen Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLupus nephritis (LN), an immune complex‐mediated glomerulonephritis, is one of the most severe complications of systemic lupus erythematosus. Current therapeutic regimens for LN mainly involve nonspecific immunosuppressants and biologics targeting immune cells, but these treatments are not always effective and some patients are nonresponsive and susceptible to recurrence. Podocytes are essential for maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier. Injury to and loss of podocytes lead to proteinuria, a hallmark of renal involvement and LN. Podocytes are, therefore, emerging as prospective therapeutic targets for LN. There are numerous mechanisms underlying podocyte malfunction in LN, with autophagy, mitochondrial dysregulation, and programmed cell death being the main processes behind podocyte loss. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding podocyte dysfunction in LN pathogenesis and discusses potential therapeutic interventions targeting podocytes in LN.
Toward Ultrahigh‐Rate Energy Storage of 3000 mV s−1 in Hollow Carbon: From Methodology to Surface‐to‐Bulk Synergy Insights
Authors: Sun Mingming , Guo Wei , Zhang Hepeng , Zhang Qiuyu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDespite great efforts on economical and functionalized carbon materials, their scalable applications are still restricted by the unsatisfying energy storage capability under high‐rate conditions. Herein, theoretical and methodological insights for surface‐to‐bulk engineering of multi‐heteroatom‐doped hollow porous carbon (HDPC) is presented, with subtly designed Zn(OH)F nanoarrays as the template. This fine‐tuned HDPC delivers an ultrahigh‐rate energy storage capability even at a scan rate of 3000 mV s−1 (fully charged within 0.34 s). It preserves a superior capacitance of 234 F g−1 at a super‐large current density of 100 A g−1 and showcases an ultralong cycling life without capacitance decay after 50 000 cycles. Through dynamic and theoretical analysis, the key role of in situ surface‐modified heteroatoms and defects in decreasing the K+‐adsorption/diffusion energy barrier is clarified, which cooperates with the porous conductive highways toward enhanced surface‐to‐bulk activity and kinetics. In situ Raman further aids in visualizing the reversibly dynamic adsorption/releasing of the electrolyte ions on the tailored carbon structure during the charge/discharge process. The potential of the design concept is further evidenced by the enhanced performances in water‐in‐salt electrolytes. This surface‐to‐bulk nanotechnology opens the path for developing high‐performance energy materials to better meet the practical requirements in future.