bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CASE REPORT: Histological changes during clearance of chronic hepatitis B virus infection by adoptive immunity transfer
Authors: Lau George , Yuen Siu , Au Wing , Wu Pui , Liang Raymond 
Published: March 2003

Background: Serological clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) has been described after reception of hepatitis B surface antibody positive marrow, via allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Histological changes during the clearance of HBsAg are unknown. Methods and Results: We described two chronic hepatitis B carriers (both hepatitis B e antigen negative), who cleared HBsAg after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Both received hepatitis B surface and core antibody positive human leucocyte antigen identical donors’ marrow and had serological clearance of HBsAg 15 and 7 weeks after allogeneic BMT, respectively. Both events were preceded by hepatic flare. Both patients were also treated with famciclovir for the prevention of hepatitis B reactivation after BMT. Histological examination during the flare showed only mild necroinflammatory activity with multiple foci of confluent necrosis, associated with moderate lymphocytic infiltration. The majority of these lymphocytes were cluster of differentiation (CD) 8 positive. Using immunohistochemistry, there was no detectable hepatic expression of hepatitis B core antigen. However, HBsAg was positive, mainly in the area of confluent necrosis. Using in situ hybridization, hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA was detected in the nucleus of 5% of hepatocytes, but not in the cytoplasm. Conclusions: At their last follow up, 22 and 16 months after BMT, the serum of both patients remained HBsAg negative, hepatitis B surface antibody positive and HBV‐DNA negative by branched DNA assay.
Role of bile salt hydrophobicity in distribution of phospholipid species to carriers in supersaturated model bile solutions
Authors: Tsuchimoto Denya , Tazuma Susumu , Yamashita Gunji , Kajiyama Goro 
Published: March 2003

Background: Phospholipid species modulate cholesterol‐holding capacity and, therefore, regulate bile metastability. Methods: In this study, we investigated the effect of bile salt hydrophobicity on the distribution of phospholipids among lipid particles in supersaturated model bile solutions (total lipid concentration, 9 g/dL; taurocholate/phospholipid ratio 3.0, cholesterol saturation index 1.3), by using gel permeation chromatography. Results: With an increase of bile salt hydrophobicity in the elution buffer, the uptake of cholesterol and phospholipids into bile salt micelles was increased, associated with an increased cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio of the vesicles. In contrast, there was an inverse correlation between the hydrophobicity of the phospholipid species in the vesicles and that of bile salts in the elution buffer, suggesting that hydrophobic bile salts induced preferential uptake of hydrophobic phospholipids into bile salt micelles, while less hydrophobic phospholipids, with a relatively low cholesterol‐holding capacity, remained in the vesicles. Conclusions: These data indicate that bile salt hydrophobicity regulates vesicular cholesterol metastability by modulating the hydrophobicity of phospholipids in vesicles, as well as the lipid distribution among various biliary lipid particles.
Rebamipide prevents occurrence of gastric lesions following transcatheter arterial embolization in the hepatic artery
Authors: Nomura Hideyuki , Miyake Katsuhisa , Hirakata Ryosuke , Migita Shinobu , Okamoto Osamu , Shiraishi Genji 
Published: March 2003

Background:Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) of the hepatic artery is a common treatment method for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but it often induces gastric mucosal injury. We examined whether or not rebamipide administration, beginning 1 week before and ending 2 weeks after TAE, can prevent worsening of gastric mucosal disorders. Methods: The subjects were 73 chronic hepatitis C or type C liver cirrhosis patients who concomitantly had HCC and received TAE in our hospital. The patients were randomly allocated to the rebamipide group (oral, 300 mg/day for 3 weeks starting 1 week before TAE) or the non‐rebamipide group. Gastric endoscopy was performed 1 week before and 2 weeks after TAE and the presence of erythema, erosion and/or submucosal haemorrhagic spots was monitored. Based on the findings, gastric mucosal disorder before and after TAE was quantitatively evaluated using the modified Lanza score (MLS). Results: Overall, MLS after TAE increased significantly (P < 0.05). However, in the rebamipide group, MLS did not change. The MLS after TAE increased significantly in patients who had either liver cirrhosis, oesophageal varices or gastropathy (P < 0.01 or < 0.05). In the non‐rebamipide group, a significant increase in MLS after TAE was observed in patients who had one of the above‐mentioned three diseases (P < 0.01 or < 0.05). Conclusions: Gastric lesions which were present before TAE were significantly worsened after TAE. Rebamipide administration prevents TAE‐induced aggravation of gastric lesions.
CASE REPORT: A case of lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma of the oesophagus and review of the literature
Authors: Sashiyama Hiroshi , Nozawa Akinori , Kimura Masayuki , Nomura Eiichi , Tamaru Jun‐Ichi , Ninomiya Eiichiro , Koide Yoshio , Iino Masatoshi , Ozawa Kosuke 
Published: March 2003

Abstract A 78‐year‐old Japanese female was admitted to our hospital with dysphagia and weight loss. An oesophageal tumour was demonstrated radiologically and endoscopically, and was diagnosed as oesophageal cancer by biopsy. Histologically, the resected tumour showed poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with prominent lymphoid stroma and was diagnosed as the so‐called lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma (LELC). Epstein–Barr virus in the tumour was negative by polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. Oesophageal LELC is extremely rare. The cases in the literature, as well as the one reported here, presented with gross features of a submucosal tumour‐like appearance. Although the differentiation of the tumour cells is often poor, prognosis seems to be better than for other types of oesophageal cancer. Oesophageal LELC has characteristic clinicopathological features and should be classified by criteria independent of other types of tumour.© 1999 Blackwell Science Asia Pty Ltd
Effects of bilirubin ditaurate on biliary secretion of proteins and lipids: Influence on the hepatic vesicle transport system
Authors: Kajihara Tsuyoshi , Tazuma Susumu , Yamashita Gunji , Kajiyama Goro 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: Several organic anions cause dissociation of biliary lipid secretion from bile acid secretion (uncoupling). As bile lipids originate from liver microsomes and are transported by carrier proteins and/or transcytotic vesicles, such a reduction of biliary lipid secretion may lead to cytosolic accumulation of vesicles. This study investigated whether bilirubin conjugate, a physiologically important organic anion, caused uncoupling and whether hepatic retention of compounds carried by transcytotic vesicles occurred subsequently, using bilirubin ditaurate, a synthetic commercially available compound.
Methods
: Cannulation of the bile duct and femoral vein was done in male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Sodium taurocholate was infused intravenously at a constant rate of 100 nmol/min per 100 g bodyweight. Bilirubin ditaurate (50 nmol/min per 100 g bodyweight) was infused concomitantly, followed by periodical bile collection for analysis of lipids, total protein and immunoglobulin A.
Results
: Biliary bile acid secretion was not changed significantly by infusion of bilirubin ditaurate. In contrast, the secretion of cholesterol, phospholipids and immunoglobulin A was decreased by 57.3, 48.7 and 44.8%, respectively. The biliary cholesterol:phospholipid ratio was increased by 19%. Uncoupling was caused by bilirubin ditaurate and biliary immunoglobulin A secretion was decreased.
Conclusions
: As immunoglobulin A is a major protein carried by intrahepatic transcytotic vesicles, uncoupling may involve impairment of intrahepatic vesicular transport. Also, a reduction of immunoglobulin A secretion into bile by organic anion‐induced uncoupling may weaken biliary immunity.© 1999 Blackwell Science Asia Pty Ltd
Butyrate from bacterial fermentation of germinated barley foodstuff preserves intestinal barrier function in experimental colitis in the rat model
Authors: Kanauchi Osamu , Iwanaga Toshihiko , Mitsuyama Keiichi , Saiki Tomohisa , Tsuruta Osamu , Noguchi Kazunori , Toyonaga Atsushi 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background and Aims
: The consumption of germinated barley foodstuff (GBF) prevents inflammation and diarrhoea in a colitis model. In this study we investigated the mechanism of the preventative effect of GBF on experimental colitis in rats, in view of production of bacterial butyrate and preservation of intestinal barrier function.
Methods
: Sprague–Dawley rats administered with diets supplemented with 3.5% dextran sodium sulphate were used as an experimental colitis model. Butyrate was given to rats orally or intracaecally. Intestinal barrier function was estimated by light microscopic observation of the mucosa, intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation.
Results
: Mucosal damage was reduced by intracaecal administration of butyrate, but not by oral administration. Bacterial butyrate production and reduction of mucosal damage depended on the dose of GBF in diets. The action of endogenous bacterial butyrate, including the reduction of intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation, was inhibited by administration of an inhibitor of β‐oxidation of short‐chain fatty acids.
Conclusions
: The feeding of GBF promotes bacterial butyrate production and improves intestinal barrier function in rats, resulting in mitigation of experimental colitis.
Budd–Chiari syndrome: A short radiological review
Authors: Al‐Damegh Saleh 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA short review of Budd–Chiari syndrome (BCS) is given with detailed radiological findings from ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and angiography and illustrated with two case reports. The cases had different clinical presentations: one antedated by Behçet’s syndrome and complicated with aortic aneurysm, the other with a provisional diagnosis of a tuberculous abdomen. The radiological features of BCS, especially the changing appearance under dual‐phase CT, are discussed. The respective diagnostic sensitivity and efficacy of other imaging modalities are mentioned.© 1999 Blackwell Science Asia Pty Ltd
EFFICACY OF SERUM PEPSINOGENS IN THE PREDICTION OF ENDOSCOPIC FEATURES OF GASTRITIS
Authors: Urita Yoshihisa , Torii Naotaka , Hike Kazuo , Sasajima Masahiko , Kanda Eiko , Matsuzaki Hiroshi , Miki Kazumasa 
Published: March 2003

ObjectiveThe efficacy of serum pepsinogen (PG) test is widely accepted as a screening test to select persons for endoscopy in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. In this study, we would like to examine whether serum PG levels give us information on endoscopic findings of gastric mucosa.Materials and methodsThe serum level of PG++ and PG+− and the PG+/PG− ratio were compared with endoscopic 13C‐urea breath. H.pylori status was defined as an increase in the intragastric 13CO2/12CO2 ratio of 10% over baseline. Intestinal metaplasia was made visible as the purple‐stained area using a 0.05% crystal violet spraying method. PG level of less than 70μg/L and I PG+/PG− ratio of less than 3 was adopted for a (+) result, and PG level of less than 30μg/L and a PG+/PG− ratio of less than 2 for a (++) result.ResultsPrevalence of endoscopic features and H. pylori infection in different groups classified by serum PG tests.ConclusionsLintestinal metaplasia was identified in more than 80% of PG positive patients. The prevalence of linear reddness and raised erosion in the antrum were higher in PG (‐) group than in PG(+) and (++) groups. H. pylori‐positive rate was the highest in PG (+) group.
INTERACTION BETWEEN H. PYLORI AND NSAIDS: PREDICTIVE VALUE OF DENSITY OF POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES, MUCOSAL AND GASTRIC JUICE NUTRITE LEVELS
Authors: Shiotani Akiko , Yamaoka Yoshio , El‐Zimaity Hala , Saeed M. Ali , Graham David Y. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundAlthough nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use and H. pylori are the most common causes of peptic ulcers, it remains unclear whether there is an interaction between them.AimTo test whether there was a relationship between polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration of the gastric mucosa and severity of NSAID‐induced gastric mucosal injury.MethodsH. pylori density, mucosal interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) levels as well as gastric mucosal and juice nitrite levels were assessed in normal volunteers before and after receiving 600 mg of naproxen (twice a day for 3 days). Histology was graded using a visual analogue scale from 0 (absent/normal) to 5 (maximal intensity). IL‐8 levels were assayed by ELISA and nitrite levels by Griess reaction. Endoscopic damage was graded from none to severe (large erosions or ulcers).ResultsEleven healthy volunteers with active H. pylori infection and normal appearing gastric mucosa were entered. The post‐NSAID endoscopic scores were 0 = 3, mild = 1 moderate = 4, and severe = 3. None of the pretreatment histologic or biochemical parameters (e.g., PMN density, mucosal Il‐8 or nitrite levels) predicted endoscopic outcome nor was there a significant changes from pretreatment levels. There was an inverse correlation between endoscopic score and the pH of the gastric juice post‐therapy (R‐0.669, p=0.02).ConclusionsThe hypothesis that the intensity of PMN infiltration in the mucosa correlated with risk of ulcer development was not confirmed. PMN infiltration is likely a surrogate for an H. pylori infection‐related increased risk of NSAID ulcers.
CHANGES OF UREA AND AMMONIA CONCENTRATION IN GASTRIC JUICE ASPIRATION BY ENDOSCOPIC, IN DETECTION OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION
Authors: M Sihombing , Zain Lukman Hakim , P Tarigan , P Barus 
Published: March 2003

IntroductionThe prevalence of H. pylori infection in Indonesia (Medan 52, Jakarta 40‐57, Mataram 51‐66%). And Non Serological Diagnostic test for H. pylori, with methods Invasive (CLO, Microbiology and Histopatology) and Non invasive (UBT), but cost this method is expensive for the lower class and rural area.BackgroundH. pylori produces of Urease enzymes and urease activity is an important characteristic of the Organism, so How about Urea and Ammonium concentration in Gastric juice patients H. pylori infection?ObjectiveGastric juice analyzed for Urea and Ammonium H. pylori Infection, compare with non infection H. pylori, and the future Gastric juice aspiration to analyze by Naso gastric tube ?.Material and methodsPatients with chronic dyspepsia, without consumption antibiotics, omeprazole/H2RA within 1 month, no ureami and investigation with upper endoscopi to gastric juice aspiration and CLO test. Gastric juice analyzed by colorimetric method and spectrophotometric assay. Patients control: no symptom dyspepsia, IgG anti HP negative, Upper endoscopy normal.ResultPreliminary report H. pylori positive‐patients bad lower urea and higher ammonia concentration compared with non infection H. pylori (control)ConclusionThe Third Western Pacific Helicobacter Congress, June 22‐24 Bali‐Indonesia.
HELICOBACTER INFECTION IN CHILDREN WITH APPENDICITIS AND LACTOSE INTOLERANCE
Authors: Soelaeman Eva J. , Purnomo Budi , Digdowirogo Hadjat S. , Soehardjo Hartati N 
Published: March 2003

Helicobacter pylori eradication has been debated. Most investigators do not recommended treating the infection except in severe case. We report a unique case: H. pylori infection with appendicitis and lactose intolerance.Case report:A 6 year old girl was brought to children and maternity Hospital Harapan Kita due to abdominal pain and vomiting. She had 6‐ month history of epigastric pain. In the past 2 days, she suffered from abdominal pain arround Mc. Burney area. On physical examination, she was in pain. Her weight was 19 Kg. Vital signs were normal. Findings in heart, lung and extremities were also normal.Abdomen:severe pain in the epigastric and Mc. burney area.Laboratory investigations showed hemoglobin 12 g/dl, leukocyte 12800/ul. Platelets 289000/ul. Bleeding and clotting time were normal. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed inflammation of appendix with 9‐mm diameter. Stool examination was normal.Appendectomy was done at the same time with esofagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). On EGD, we found moderete anthral gastritis. On histopathological examination, we found H. pylori at antral of the stomach. Breath hydrogen test was positive.After H. pylori eradication and milk avoidance, abdominal pain has never occurred.Conclusion:Abdominal: pain is not specific for H. pylori infection. The pain caused by many diseases including H. pylori infection. In our case, we can control abdominal pain by H. pylori eradication.
DYSPEPSIA SYNDROME AND HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION IN END STAGE RENAL FAILURE
Authors: Mertasudira IS , Saketi JR , Djumhana A. , Widjojo J. , Abdurachman SA 
Published: March 2003

Dyspepsia syndrome could be the result of several disorders in upper gastrointestinal tract. Most of end stage renal failure (ESRF) patients on regular hemodialysis have upper gastrointestinal symptoms, mostly anorexia, nausea, vornitus and sometimes bloating. Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the causes of dyspepsia syndrome and its prevalence in ESRF patients is higher than normal population. This study was performed to assess the association between Helicobacter pylori infection with dyspepsia syndrome in 30 ERSF patients in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital and Habibie Renal Hospital Bandung.These subject were 18 males and 12 females, aged 47.8 ± 11.6 years old, and underwent hemodialysis for 5‐490 weeks (median 12 weeks). Dyspepsia is found in 23 (76.7%), which more frequence on age group 50‐59 (38.9%), and 10 females on age group 30‐39 (41.7%). Most common symptoms were nausea in 16 (69.5%), bloating in 4 (17.3%), epigastric pain in 2 (8.7%) and vomitus in 1 (4.3%). Helicobacter pylori was found histologically in 11 (36.7%) and serologically in 7 (23.3%). Statistically with Fischer’s exact test there was no significant association between dyspepsia syndrome with Helicobacter pylori infection serologycally p=0.467; OR 2.12; CI 95% 0.17<OR<56.72 and histologically p = 0.514; OR=0.71; CI 95% 0.09<OR<5.43.ConclusionIn ESRF, the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori was 36.7% serologically and 23.3% histologically. Statiscally there was no significant association between dyspepsia syndrome with Helicobacter pylori infection.
ENDOSCOPIC FEATURES OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI‐INFECTED GASTRITIS
Authors: Urita Yoshihisa , Torii Naotaka , Hike Kazuo , Sasajima Masahiko , Kanda Eiko , Matsuzaki Hiroshi , Miki Kazumasa 
Published: March 2003

ObjectiveIt would be desirable to diagnose H. pylori‐related gastritis simply by endoscopic observation. However, it remains controversial whether certain endoscopic features can be used to diagnose H. pylori infection.Material & MethodsA new modified endoscopic 13C‐urea breath test (Dig Endosc 12:29‐32,2000) was performed in 628 patients. Briefly, after endoscopic observation, 20ml of water containing 100mg of 13 (urea is sprayed onto the gastric mucosa. Thereafter, a sample of 150mlof intragastric gas is collected through a biopsy channel. A positive test was defined as an increase in the ratio of 10 per mil over baseline. Endoscopic features were evaluated by the presence of following findings; linear reddness, raised erosion, haemorrhagic erosion, haemorrhagic erosion, and spotty erythema.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, positive predicts value (PPV), and negative predict value (NPV) of each feature is shown in the following table:

sensitivity
specificity
PPV
NPV

spotty erythema (body)

35.9%
89.6%
83.6%
48.7%

haemorrhagic

7.6%
86.5%
45.2%
38.8%

linear reddness
(antrum)
2.7%
69.3%
11.5%
32.6%

(body)
2.4%
95.2%
42.9%
39.8%

raised erosion
(antrum)
14.1%
73.3%
43.7%
36.7%

(body)
1.1%
99.6%
80.0%
40.6%

ConclusionSpotty erythema in the gastric body was thought to reflect H. pylori infection. In contrast, it was suggested that linear reddness in the antrum indicated the absence of H. pylori.
Evaluation of lower oesophageal sphincter pressure using endoscopic manometric sleeve assembly
Authors: Hananoki Mutsumi , Haruma Ken , Tsuga Katsutoshi , Hata Jiro , Sumii Koji , Kajiyama Goro 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: The purpose of this study was to establish a method to determine lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) pressure using an endoscopic manometric sleeve assembly.
Methods
: We used a 250‐cm, three‐lumen, 2.2‐mm external diameter silicon catheter with a 3‐cm sleeve sensor that was passed easily through the biopsy channel (2.8 mm diameter) of the gastroscope. Each lumen was perfused with distilled water using a low‐compliance, pneumohydraulic capillary infusion system. Forty‐seven healthy subjects and 35 patients with oesophageal disorders underwent study during routine diagnostic endoscopy. In 27 of the subjects, standard transnasal manometry with a three‐lumen, 4.5‐mm diameter polyvinyl catheter with a 5‐cm sleeve sensor was also performed.
Results
: Lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (LOS) was evaluated in all subjects (median pressure 16 mmHg, range 0–55 mmHg) for 6 min during routine endoscopic examination. The LOS pressure readings between standard and endoscopic manometry correlated well. The LOS pressure was significantly lower in healthy subjects with hiatal hernia than in those without hernia and was also significantly lower in patients with reflux oesophagitis than in healthy subjects.
Conclusions
: Endoscopic manometric sleeve assembly was used during routine endoscopic examination and was useful for easily determining LOS pressure. It could be used for evaluation of oesophageal motility disorders, thus avoiding the use of a more invasive and time‐consuming method.
Natural history of hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Amarapurkar Deepak 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHepatitis C is a heterogeneous disease whose natural history is controversial and perplexing. However, it can be a pernicious disease and is responsible for considerable mortality and morbidity. More than 80% individuals infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) develop chronic infection; the remaining 10–20% develop spontaneous clearance with natural immunity. The majority of patients who develop chronic HCV infection are asymptomatic; but 60–80% develop chronic hepatitis as indicated by elevated ALT; around 30% maintain normal ALT. One‐third of chronically infected patients develop progressive liver injury, fibrosis and cirrhosis over a period of 20–30 years, and 15% develop hepatocellular carcinoma. Acquiring infection after the age of 40 years, male sex, excessive alcohol consumption, HBV or HIV co‐infection and the immunosuppressive state have been identified as factors associated with progression of fibrosis and development of cirrhosis. The relationship between virus load, HCV genotype I and quasispecies variability and progression of live disease is controversial. In the present study on 141 patients with chronic HCV infection and established chronic liver disease, the median time to develop cirrhosis was 20 years. Progression to cirrhosis was faster (16 vs 20 years) in those who acquired infection after the age of 35 years, and in immunosuppressed patients (8 vs 21 years), whereas diabetes, sex and HBV co‐infection were not associated with faster progression.