bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BDMC interlaboratory cone calorimeter test programme
Authors: Urbas Joe 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn the spring of 1997, seven companies and industry associations from the USA and Canada decided to sponsor the cone calorimeter interlaboratory test programme. Reproducibility and repeatability were determined for the scalar variables measured in the cone calorimeter (ASTM E1354) according to the protocol developed by the Board for the Coordination of the Model Codes. The main requirement of the protocol was that the sample irradiance should be 75 kW/m2. The purpose of the project was to assist the model building code organizations, NFPA and various other groups in the development of a system to determine degrees of combustibility of building materials. Three US and one Canadian laboratory agreed to conduct tests on 16 materials.The results of this round robin show that the cone calorimeter, following the Board for the Coordination of the Model Codes protocol, can provide precision similar to that cited in the current cone calorimeter standards. It is recommended that further improvements of the standards are pursued and provisions are made to improve the quality of operation of the cone calorimeter in commercial laboratories to maintain and possibly improve its repeatability and reproducibility. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NEPA and Terrorism: Is It Time for a Paradigm Shift?
Authors: Eccleston Charles H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMost National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) documents and other similar planning processes have

tended to focus almost exclusively on “environmental” issues. Yet, today we find ourselves facing new

problems and issues as we combat the war on terrorism. This article illustrates how NEPA and other similar

planning processes can provide an essential key in helping to safeguard the nation's homeland from

terrorism. As the reader will soon see, NEPA and other similar planning processes provide virtually all the

essential elements necessary for performing a comprehensive, rigorous, and scientifically based process for

planning for, scoping, and identifying potential terrorist scenarios, evaluating their impacts, and developing

alternatives and mitigation measures that can reduce or eliminate potential threats to high‐value

terrorist targets. In particular, “standard” accident analyses provide a nearly perfect mechanism for

performing the analysis of potential terrorist attacks. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Effective Approach for Landfill Closure, Cap Design Optimization, and Cost Analysis Using MODFLOW and the HELP Model
Authors: Fouda Ahmed , Jankauskas Brian , Martin Dan , Lewis Thomas 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article presents a design approach that has been developed and used on actual projects for a landfill

closure plan, including a slurry wall, a leachate collection system, and cap design. A relationship exists between

the cost of each of these landfill closure constituents and their impact on improving the site environmental

condition. The slurry wall is constructed to prevent leachate migration off‐site. The leachate collection

system reduces water mounding and conveys the on‐site leachate to a treatment plant. The cap decreases the

infiltration rate of stormwater into the landfill, dependent on the cap shape, area, and vertical constituents

reducing permeability. Consequently, the leachate disposal cost decreases and the maximum elevation of the leachate

mound inside the landfill is lowered; however, the cap cost increases. This article presents a cost comparison

analysis of the cap cost and the leachate disposal cost versus the cap area. The purpose of the analysis is to

optimize the project construction cost and get the best environmental results possible by cleaning up the site. The

HELP model (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) is used to evaluate different cap alternatives

including the existing condition (no‐cap scenario, only a topsoil cover). MODFLOW (U.S.

Geological Survey) is used to develop a groundwater model. The model is used as a design tool, to demonstrate

the establishment of inward hydraulic horizontal and vertical gradients into the site resulting from the proposed

design and to study the effect of different cap areas on the leachate mound. The site environmental and economic

balance is then summarized in a graph showing cap cost, leachate disposal cost, and maximum elevation of the

leachate mound versus the cap area. Based on the graph, the optimum cap design is selected and the most feasible

action for environmental remediation is recommended. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical composition from volatile oil of the stem bark of Guarea macrophylla Vahl. ssp. tuberculata Vellozo (Meliaceae)
Authors: Lago João Henrique Ghilardi , Reis Anair Araújo , Roque Nídia Franca 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe stem bark of Guarea macrophylla Vahl. ssp. tuberculata Vellozo (Meliaceae) was submitted to steam distillation and adsorption chromatographic separation. Seventeen sesquiterpenes, one diterpene and four fatty acids were identified using a combination of GC, GC–MS, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Object‐oriented parallel algorithms for computing three‐dimensional isopycnal flow
Authors: Concus Paul , Golub Gene H. , Sun Yong 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we derive an object‐oriented parallel algorithm for three‐dimensional isopycnal flow simulations. The matrix formulation is central to the algorithm. It enables us to apply an efficient preconditioned conjugate gradient linear solver for the global system of equations, and leads naturally to an object‐oriented data structure design and parallel implementation. We discuss as well, in less detail, a similar algorithm based on the reduced system, suitable also for parallel computation. Favorable performances are observed on test problems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A low‐dimensional spectral approach for transient free‐surface flow inside thin cavities of symmetric shape
Authors: Zhang Sheng X. , Khayat Roger E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe lubrication theory is extended for transient free‐surface flow of a viscous fluid inside three‐dimensional cavities of general symmetric shape but of small thickness. The problem is closely related to the filling stage during the injection molding process. The moving domain is mapped onto a rectangular domain at each time step of the computation. A modified pressure is introduced, which in this case is governed by the Laplace's equation, and it is expanded in a Fourier series along the flow direction. The expansion coefficients are obtained using the finite‐difference method. This approach is valid for simple and complex cavities as illustrated for the cases of a flat plate and a curved plate. Only a few modes are needed to secure convergence in general. It is found that the flow behaviour is strongly influenced by the shape of the initial fluid domain, the shape of the cavity, cavity thickness, and the inlet flow. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A finite volume approach for unsteady viscoelastic fluid flows
Authors: Al Moatassime Hassan , Esselaoui Driss 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA finite volume, time‐marching for solving time‐dependent viscoelastic flow in two space dimensions for Oldroyd‐B and Phan Thien–Tanner fluids, is presented. A non‐uniform staggered grid system is used. The conservation and constitutive equations are solved using the finite volume method with an upwind scheme for the viscoelastic stresses and an hybrid scheme for the velocities. To calculate the pressure field, the semi‐implicit method for the pressure linked equation revised method is used. The discretized equations are solved sequentially, using the tridiagonal matrix algorithm solver with under‐relaxation. In both, the full approximation storage multigrid algorithm is used to speed up the convergence rate. Simulations of viscoelastic flows in four‐to‐one abrupt plane contraction are carried out. We will study the behaviour at the entrance corner of the four‐to‐one planar abrupt contraction. Using this solver, we show convergence up to a Weissenberg number We of 20 for the Oldroyd‐B model. No limiting Weissenberg number is observed even though a Phan Thien–Tanner model is used. Several numerical results are presented. Smooth and stable solutions are obtained for high Weissenberg number. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AGE method simulations of a turbulent far‐wake compared to spectral DNS
Authors: Bisset David K 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTurbulent flow simulation methods based on finite differences are attractive for their simplicity, flexibility and efficiency, but not always for accuracy or stability. This paper demonstrates that a good compromise is possible with the advected grid explicit (AGE) method. Starting from the same initial field as a previous spectral DNS, AGE method simulations of a planar turbulent wake were carried out as DNS, and then at three levels of reduced resolution. The latter cases were in a sense large‐eddy simulations (LES), although no specific sub‐grid‐scale model was used. Results for the two DNS methods, including variances and power spectra, were very similar, but the AGE simulation required much less computational effort. Small‐scale information was lost in the reduced resolution runs, but large‐scale mean and instantaneous properties were reproduced quite well, with further large reductions in computational effort. Quality of results becomes more sensitive to the value chosen for one of the AGE method parameters as resolution is reduced, from which it is inferred that the numerical stability procedure controlled by the parameter is acting in part as a sub‐grid‐scale model. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exact solutions of the generalized Navier– Stokes equations for benchmarking
Authors: Bourchtein Andrei 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe generalized Navier– Stokes equations for incompressible viscous flows through isotropic granular porous medium are studied. Some analytical classic solutions of the Navier– Stokes equations are generalized to the case of the considered equations. Obtained solutions of generalized equations reduce to classic ones as porosity effect disappears. Average velocity of generalized solutions is calculated and evaluated in two limiting regimes of flow. In the shallow conduit, the generalized flow rate approximates the free (without porous medium) flow rate and in the case of removed boundaries this approaches Darcy's law. The use of the derived exact solutions for benchmarking purposes is described. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors explaining movements in the implied volatility surface
Authors: Mixon Scott 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article explores the relationship of changes in the S&P 500 index implied volatility surface to

economic state variables. Observable variables can explain some of the variation in implied volatility, with the

majority of explanatory power from index returns. Although the contemporaneous return is most important for

explaining changes in short dated volatility, the path of the index is important for explaining changes in long

dated volatility. Other variables also display statistically significant relations to volatility changes. Shocks

to the Nikkei 225, short‐term interest rates, and the corporate/government bond yield spread are

correlated with small, systematic changes in implied volatility. The results suggest a multifactor model for

market volatility, with factors other than index returns adding negligible explanatory ability. © 2002 Wiley

Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 22:915–937, 2002
The effect of multiple listings on the bid–ask spread in option markets: The case of Montreal Exchange
Authors: Khoury Nabil , Fischer Klaus P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this article, we examine the effect of multiple listings of options on their bid–ask spread, by

comparing options contracts listed only on the Montreal Exchange with those interlisted on that exchange and on a

U.S. exchange as well. Using a statistical procedure adapted to panel data and two models for the determination of

the bid–ask spread, we find that the bid–ask spreads of Montreal options interlisted in U.S. markets

are narrower than those of non‐interlisted options. That advantage tends to disappear, however, with an

increase in option price and to increase with its volatility, but is not affected by the volume of transactions in

the option market. The analysis also shows that interlisting may result in time lags in the convergence of quotes

between Montreal and the U.S. markets. Moreover, our evidence shows that with interlisting, volume shifts to the

option market where trading in the underlying security is concentrated, irrespective of the location where the

option was first introduced. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 22:939–957, 2002
Analysis of 11q21–24 loss of heterozygosity candidate target genes in breast cancer: Indications of TSLC1 promoter hypermethylation
Authors: Allinen Minna , Peri Liisa , Kujala Sonja , Lahti‐Domenici Jaana , Outila Kati , Karppinen Sanna‐Maria , Launonen Virpi , Winqvist Robert 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLoss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the distal half of chromosome arm 11q is frequent in a variety of human tumors, including breast cancer, and is often associated with poor prognosis. In an ongoing attempt to locate and characterize the main target genes within this chromosome region, we first looked for aberrations in known genes either suggested to be involved in tumorigenesis or shown to suppress tumor formation. We examined 31 primary breast tumors showing LOH in 11q21–24 for mutations in the MRE11A, CHK1, PPP2R1B, and TSLC1 genes. The absence of intragenic alterations related to cancer led us next to evaluate possible gene silencing resulting from promoter region CpG hypermethylation, using the bisulfite sequencing technique. In addition to the four genes mentioned above, we also analyzed the ATM gene, which had been investigated for certain germline mutations in an earlier study. Only the TSLC1 promoter region exhibited aberrant methylation patterns, and altogether 33% (10/30) of the successfully analyzed tumors showed evidence of elevated levels of TSLC1 CpG methylation. Ten percent (3/30) of the tumors showed significantly increased methylation. Thus, as has been shown in lung and some other forms of cancer, hypermethylation of the TSLC1 promoter region is also frequently a second hit along with LOH in breast cancer. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel gene, MDS2, is fused to ETV6/TEL in a t(1;12)(p36.1;p13) in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Odero María D. , Vizmanos José L. , Román José P. , Lahortiga Idoya , Panizo Carlos , Calasanz María J. , Zeleznik‐Le Nancy J. , Rowley Janet D. , Novo Francisco J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractETV6/TEL is the first transcription factor identified that is specifically required for hematopoiesis within the bone marrow. This gene has been found to have multiple fusion partners of which 16 have been cloned. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) revealed a t(1;12)(p36;p13) involving ETV6, with the breakpoint in this gene between exon 2 and exon 3. We report here the cloning of a novel ETV6 partner located on 1p36.1, involved in the t(1;12). 3′ RACE‐PCR from RNA identified a novel sequence fused to exon 2 of ETV6. Database searches localized this sequence in a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) mapped to 1p36 by fingerprint analysis. This result was confirmed by FISH using this BAC as probe. 5′ and 3′ RACE experiments with primers from this novel sequence were carried out on RNA from a healthy donor and identified a novel full‐length mRNA, which we named MDS2 (myelodysplastic syndrome 2). RT‐PCR experiments were performed on a panel of human cDNAs to analyze the expression pattern of this gene and they revealed four splicing variants. RT‐PCR analysis showed that ETV6‐MDS2, but not the reciprocal MDS2‐ETV6 fusion transcript, was expressed in the bone marrow of the patient. The product of the ETV6‐MDS2 fusion transcript predicts a short ETV6 protein containing the first 54 amino acids of ETV6 plus four novel amino acids, lacking both the PTN and the DNA‐binding domains. Possible mechanisms to account for the development of MDS in this patient are discussed. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
LAF4, an AF4‐related gene, is fused to MLL in infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: von Bergh Anne R.M. , Beverloo H. Berna , Rombout Paul , van Wering Elisabeth R. , van Weel Margreet H. , Beverstock Geoffrey C. , Kluin Philip M. , Slater Rosalyn M. , Schuuring Ed 
Published: October 2002

AbstractInfant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with MLL gene rearrangements is characterized by a proB phenotype and a poor clinical outcome. We analyzed an infant proB ALL with t(2;11)(p15;p14) and an MLL rearrangement on Southern blot analysis. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends–polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase‐PCR identified the LAF4 gene mapped on chromosome region 2q11.2–q12 as a fusion partner of the MLL gene. The LAF4 gene was identified previously by its high sequence homology to the AF4 protein and encodes a protein of 1,227 amino acids. The t(4;11)(q21;q23), creating the MLL‐AF4 chimeric transcripts, is the predominant 11q23 chromosome translocation in infant ALL and is associated with an extremely poor prognosis. Our findings further suggest that fusion of MLL to one of the AF4 family members (AF4/LAF4/AF5Q31) might determine a proB‐cell phenotype in infant leukemia. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DEAF‐1 function is essential for the early embryonic development of drosophila
Authors: Veraksa Alexey , Kennison James , McGinnis William 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSummary: The Drosophila protein DEAF‐1 is a sequence‐specific DNA binding protein that was isolated as a putative cofactor of the Hox protein Deformed (Dfd). In this study, we analyze the effects of loss or gain of DEAF‐1 function on Drosophila development. Maternal/zygotic mutations of DEAF‐1 largely result in early embryonic arrest prior to the expression of zygotic segmentation genes, although a few embryos develop into larvae with segmentation defects of variable severity. Overexpression of DEAF‐1 protein in embryos can induce defects in migration/closure of the dorsal epidermis, and overexpression in adult primordia can strongly disrupt the development of eye or wing. The DEAF‐1 protein associates with many discrete sites on polytene chromosomes, suggesting that DEAF‐1 is a rather general regulator of gene expression. genesis 33:67–76, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Geochemistry, mineralogy and petrogenesis of the northeast Niğde volcanics, central Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Yurtmen Sema , Rowbotham George 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe volcanics exposed in the northeast Niğde area are characterized by pumiceous pyroclastic rocks present as ash flows and fall deposits and by compositions ranging from dacite to rhyolite. Xenoliths found in the volcanics are basaltic andesite, andesite and dacite in composition. These rocks exhibit linear chemical variations between end‐member compositions and a continuity of trace element behaviour exists through the basaltic andesite–andesite–dacite–rhyolite compositional range. This is consistent with the fractionation of ferromagnesian minerals and plagioclase from a basaltic andesite or andesite parent. These rocks are peraluminous and show typical high‐K calc‐alkaline differentiation trends with total iron content decreasing progressively with increasing silica content. Bulk rock and mineral compositional trends and petrographic data suggest that crustal material was added to the magmas by subducted oceanic crust and is a likely contaminant of the source zone of the Niğde magmas.The chemical variations in these volcanics indicate that crystal liquid fractionation has been a dominant process in controlling the chemistry of the northeast Niğde volcanics. It is also clear, from the petrographic and chemical features, that magma mixing with disequilibrium played a significant role in the evolution of the Niğde volcanic rocks. This is shown by normal and reverse zoning in plagioclase and resorption of most of the observed minerals. The xenoliths found in the Niğde volcanics represent the deeper part of the magma reservoir which equilibrated at the higher pressures. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distinguishing depression from dementia in later life: a pilot study employing the Emotional Stroop task
Authors: Dudley Robert , O'Brien John , Barnett Nichola , McGuckin Liz , Britton Peter 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectivesIn later life, cognitive impairment is common in depression often making it difficult to distinguish a dementing illness from depression. We examined whether people with depression could be differentiated from those with dementia on their performance on a task that examines attentional bias to depression related material.MethodsTwelve older adults who fulfilled DSM‐IV criteria for major depression were compared with 12 people with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and 12 age matched controls on a test of cognitive biases: the Emotional Stroop task. In this task participants were presented with words written in different coloured inks, and they had to name the colour the word was written in. Four types of material were presented—neutral, positive, and negative emotion words as well as a condition of meaningless symbols.ResultsPeople with depression and those with AD were both slower than the controls on the task generally. However, the depressed group alone showed a statistically significant and specific increase in response time when colour naming the negative emotion words. The other two groups did not demonstrate such a pattern and colour named neutral, positive and negative words equally quickly.ConclusionsThe biased processing of depression related material may have a valuable role in distinguishing depression from dementia in later life. Although the Emotional Stroop in its present form is not sufficient for such a purpose. Furthermore, the demonstration that older adults with depression exhibit such biases helps provide a theoretical basis for the application of cognitive behavioural treatments with older adults. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.