bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidrug resistance‐associated protein (MRP1) gene is strongly expressed in gastric carcinomas. Analysis by immunohistochemistry and real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR
Authors: Lacueva J , Perez‐Ramos M , Soto J L , Oliver I , Andrada E , Medrano J , Perez‐Vazquez T , Arroyo A , Carrato A , Ferragut J A , Calpena R 
Published: March 2005

Aims : To assess MRP1 protein and MRP1 mRNA levels in gastric carcinomas and in non‐neoplastic mucosa remote from the tumours. MRP1 gene expression may play a role in the complex pattern of chemoresistance present in gastric carcinomas.Methods and results : A total of 57 carcinomas and respective gastric tissues were included for immunohistochemical assessment with the anti‐MRP1 monoclonal antibodies MRPr1 and QCRL‐1. Of these, 35 tumour and gastric mucosa tissues were also assessed by real‐time quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. Medium or high MRP1 protein expression was detected in 89% and 77% of carcinomas and in 96% and 93% of non‐neoplastic gastric mucosa by MRPr1and QCRL‐1, respectively. No difference in MRP1 mRNA levels was detected between carcinomas and non‐neoplastic gastric mucosa tissues in 77% of the patients. A significant correlation was found between MRP1 mRNA level and protein expression detected in carcinomas related to non‐neoplastic gastric mucosa, although they were non‐concordant in 29% of the patients.Conclusions : MRP1 gene is usually expressed in most gastric carcinomas and does not differ substantially from that observed in non‐neoplastic gastric mucosa remote from the tumour. However, a decrease in MRP1 gene expression is found in some carcinomas. For accurate assessment of changes in MRP1 expression between tumour and normal tissues both protein and mRNA detection are necessary.
Apoptosis in the Antral Follicles of Swamp Buffalo and Cattle Ovary: TUNEL and Caspase‐3 Histochemistry
Authors: Feranil JB , Isobe N , Nakao T 
Published: March 2005

ContentsThe present study was carried out to investigate the pattern of apoptosis in the healthy antral and atretic follicles of Philippine swamp buffaloes (BU) in comparison with Holstein‐Friesian (HF) cows. Paraffin sections of healthy follicles and various stages of atretic follicles were stained using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)‐mediated biotinylated deoxyuridine triphosphates (dUTP) nick end‐labelling (TUNEL) method to detect DNA fragmentation and cleaved caspase‐3 antibody to detect cells committed to undergo apoptosis. Five equidistant areas of a follicle were counted for the presence of TUNEL‐ and caspase‐3‐positive cells. Healthy follicles of BU and HF contained no TUNEL‐positive cells in the granulosa and theca layer but showed some caspase‐3 positivity. The granulosa layer of advanced atretic follicles showed a significantly higher frequency of caspase‐3 positivity than the healthy and early atretic follicles in both breeds. The frequency of caspase‐3‐positive cells of BU was significantly higher than HF in the granulosa layer of healthy, early atretic and advanced atretic follicles. In the theca interna layer, BU and HF showed a significantly lower and higher frequency of TUNEL‐positive cells in the late atretic follicles compared with advanced atretic follicle, respectively. However, the frequency of caspase‐3‐positive cells of both BU and HF in the late atretic follicles was significantly higher than the advanced atretic follicles in the theca interna layer. These results indicate that caspase‐3 and DNA fragmentation is involved in the buffalo ovarian apoptotic process.
Second Oestrus Synchronization and Precocious Embryo Viability after Puberty Induction in Gilts by the Use of Gonadotrophin Treatment
Authors: Do Lago V , Vianna WL , Gama RD , de Campos Rosseto A , Pinese ME , de Sant'Anna Moretti A 
Published: March 2005

ContentsThe use of exogenous gonadotrophins in puberty inducement and ovulation synchronization is a technique that has a positive influence on the management of swine. The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of a second gonadotrophin treatment [equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) and luteinizing hormone (LH), intramuscularly (i.m.)] upon the second oestrus synchronization and fertility in gilts. Seventy‐one NAIMA® (Pen Ar Lan) gilts had their first oestrus (puberty inducement) induced by a hormonal treatment (eCG and LH). Then, they were randomly distributed into two treatments, with (T1) and without (C) gonadotrophin treatment at the second oestrus. The animals were fed with a single ration (16% of crude protein and 3286.73 kcal ME/kg), and timed artificial insemination performed at the second oestrus. Gilts were slaughtered for embryo recovery and ovary examination about 5 days after insemination. There was no evidence of a difference in the percentage of the second oestrus expression (T1 – 90.90% and C – 86.84%), the duration of the oestrus cycle (T1 – 19.62 ± 0.82 days and C – 19.67 ± 4.14 days), the percentage of follicular cysts (T1 – 15.15% and C – 18.42%) and number of ovulations (T1 – 14.60 ± 5.7 and C – 13.23 ± 4.8) between treatments (p > 0.05). However, the hormonal treatment (T1) showed minor oestrus dispersion and embryo viability (T1 – 8.4 ± 5.6 and C – 11.2 ± 4.6) (p < 0.05). These results indicate that the better synchronization and expression of the second oestrus when using gonadotrophins (eCG and LH) is followed by a lower embryo viability, which is probably the consequence of the heterogeneous follicle recruitment during the injection of eCG.
Effects of Confluent, Roscovitine Treatment and Serum Starvation on the Cell‐cycle Synchronization of Bovine Foetal Fibroblasts
Authors: Cho SR , Ock SA , Yoo JG , Mohana kumar B , Choe SY , Rho GJ 
Published: March 2005

ContentsThe present study was designed to examine the effects of cell‐cycle synchronization protocols, such as confluent, roscovitine treatment and serum starvation, in bovine foetal fibroblasts on synchronization accuracy at G0/G1, viability, apoptosis, necrosis and ploidy for use as a nuclei donor. The cells in 5–10 passages were randomly allocated into three treated groups. Cells were cultured either in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) + 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS) until 90% confluent (group 1, confluent), in DMEM + 10% FBS + 30 μM roscovitine for 12 h (group 2, roscovitine), or in DMEM + 0.5% FBS for 5 days (group 3, serum starvation). Most of the cells (>80%) in all groups were arrested at the G0/G1 stage. Although the rates did not differ, cells in group 1 showed an increased cell population arrested at the G0/G1 phase. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher rates of apoptosis occurred in group 3 than in group 1 and 2 (10% vs 6% and 6%, respectively). No differences in chromosomal abnormality were observed among groups. However, by increasing the number of cell culture passages up to 15, significantly (p < 0.05) higher chromosomal abnormality was observed than in 5 and 10 passages (39% vs 28% and 23%, respectively) in group 1. The results clearly indicated that bovine foetal fibroblasts could be effectively synchronized at G0/G1 stages by all the three different treatments, confluent, roscovitine and serum starvation. However, cells in confluent showed reduced apoptosis and necrosis when they underwent 5–10 passages, exhibiting increased percentage of cells with stable chromosome diversity. Hence, cells in confluent merit further studies before they could be used as nuclear donors.
Fine‐tuning of auditory cortex during speech production
Authors: Heinks‐Maldonado Theda H. , Mathalon Daniel H. , Gray Max , Ford Judith M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe cortex suppresses sensory information when it is the result of a self‐produced motor act, including the motor act of speaking. The specificity of the auditory cortical suppression to self‐produced speech, a prediction derived from the posited operation of a precise forward model system, has not been established. We examined the auditory N100 component of the event‐related brain potential elicited during speech production. While subjects uttered a vowel, they heard real‐time feedback of their unaltered voice, their pitch‐shifted voice, or an alien voice substituted for their own. The subjects' own unaltered voice feedback elicited a dampened auditory N100 response relative to the N100 elicited by altered or alien auditory feedback. This is consistent with the operation of a precise forward model modulating the auditory cortical response to self‐generated speech and allowing immediate distinction of self and externally generated auditory stimuli.
Aging in context: Age‐related changes in context use during language comprehension
Authors: Federmeier Kara D. , Kutas Marta 
Published: March 2005

AbstractEffects of normal aging on the use of sentence context information during language comprehension were examined by measuring younger and older adults' event‐related potential (ERP) responses to congruent sentence‐final words as a function of contextual constraint. Half of the sentence contexts were strongly constraining, rendering the target word very predictable, whereas the other half were weakly constraining. Both age groups elicited smaller N400 responses to target words in strongly than in weakly constrained contexts, but this effect was significantly smaller and later for older adults. Older adults with lower reading spans showed greater delays. Age‐related changes were driven primarily by decreases in older adults' ability to make use of the richer information available from strongly constraining contexts to guide semantic processing, as word processing (N400s) in weak contexts was qualitatively and quantitatively similar in the two age groups.
Psychopathic traits and autonomic responding to concealed information in a prison sample
Authors: Verschuere Bruno , Crombez Geert , De Clercq Armand , Koster Ernst H. W. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe examined the role of psychopathic traits on physiological responding during a concealed information polygraph test among prison inmates (n=40). The Psychopathic Personality Inventory (Lilienfeld & Andrews, 1996) was used to assess psychopathic traits. Cardiac, electrodermal, and respiratory responses were measured while participants were presented with personal and control names and asked to conceal recognition of personal information. We first piloted the present concealed information test in a sample of undergraduates (n=27). Enhanced orienting to concealed information compared to control information was observed in both prisoners and undergraduates. However, prisoners scoring high on the Impulsive Antisociality factor of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI‐II) exhibited reduced electrodermal responding. This finding indicates that the sensitivity of the concealed information test may be decreased in antisocial offenders.
Gentamicin‐induced nephrotoxicity and protective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester in rats
Authors: Vardi Nigar , Parlakpinar Hakan , Ozturk Feral , Acet Ahmet 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on gentamicin (GM)‐induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty‐one adult Wistar rats were divided into three groups as follows: control group, GM and GM + CAPE group. Control group rats were injected with 5% ethanol, GM group rats were treated with 100 mg/kg GM and GM + CAPE group were pretreated with 10 μmol/kg CAPE for 2 days, then exposed to GM at the same dose. Drug injections were applied for 12 days. Twenty‐four hours after the last injection, rats were killed and kidneys were quicky removed. Tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) measurements and microscopic examination of kidneys were performed. In the GM group, significant increases in MDA levels were observed (P < 0.05). These changes were found to be normalized in the GM + CAPE group. Exposure to GM caused necrosis of tubular epithelial cells. Necrosis of tubules were found to be prevented by CAPE pretreatment. In conclusion, CAPE exerted an improvement on GM‐induced nephrotoxicity, possibly, at least in part through inhibition of the production of oxygen free radicals that cause lipid peroxidation.
Statistical Estimation and Model Selection of Species‐Accumulation Functions
Authors: DÍAZ‐FRANCÉS ELOÍSA , SOBERÓN JORGE 
Published: March 2005

Abstract:
Soberón and Llorente (1993) proposed pure‐birth stochastic processes as theoretical models for species‐accumulation curves, and these processes have frequently been used to describe the progress of biological inventories. We describe, in algorithmic form, an alternative statistical analysis based on a likelihood approach (Díaz‐Francés & Gorostiza 2002) that provides mathematical rigor to the ideas in Soberón and Llorente (1993) and improves the estimation of the models by incorporating the facts that the variance of the error is not constant and that the observations are correlated. Additionally, we used the likelihood ratios between candidate models as an objective procedure for model selection, allowing comparison between the goodness of fit of various models. The software for these statistical methods can now be downloaded off the Internet. We used two examples of butterfly data sets to illustrate the use of the methods and the software.
Tropical Instability Waves as a Resonance between Equatorial Rossby Waves*
Authors: Lyman John M. , Chelton Dudley B. , deSzoeke Roland A. , Samelson Roger M. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
To understand the characteristics of sea surface height signatures of tropical instability waves (TIWs), a linearized model of the central Pacific Ocean was developed in which the vertical structures of the state variables are projected onto a set of orthogonal baroclinic eigenvectors. In lieu of in situ current measurements with adequate spatial and temporal resolution, the mean current structure used in the model was obtained from the Parallel Ocean Climate Model (POCM). The TIWs in the linear model have cross-equatorial structure and wavenumber–frequency content similar to the TIWs in POCM, even when the vertical structures of the state variables are projected onto only the first two orthogonal baroclinic eigenvectors. Because this model is able to reproduce TIWs with relatively simple vertical structure, it is possible to examine the mechanism for the formation of TIWs. TIWs are shown to form from a resonance between two equatorial Rossby waves as the strength of the background currents is slowly increased.
A Simplified Ice–Ocean Coupled Model for the Antarctic Ice Melt Season
Authors: Ohshima Kay I. , Nihashi Sohey 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
In the Antarctic Ocean, sea ice melts mostly by warming of the ocean mixed layer through heat input (mainly solar radiation) in open water areas. A simplified ice–upper ocean coupled model is proposed in which sea ice melts only by the ocean heat supplied from the air. The model shows that the relationship between ice concentration (i.e., fraction, C) and mixed layer temperature (T) converges asymptotically with time (C–T relationship), which agrees with observed C–T plots during summer in the sector 25°–45°E. This relationship can be used for estimating the bulk heat transfer coefficient between ice and ocean by fitting to observations, and a value of 1.2 × 10−4 m s−1 is obtained. The model shows that the ratio of the heat used for melting to the heat input through open water is inclined to be determined as a function of ice concentration. For typical conditions in the Antarctic ice melt season, the ratio ranges mostly between 0.7 and 0.9. When the model is extended to two dimensions in the meridional direction, with the inclusion of wind forcing, it approximately reproduces the meridional retreat of the Antarctic sea ice. This two-dimensional model can describe the open water–albedo feedback effect, which partly explains the year-to-year variation of the sea-ice retreat in the Antarctic Ocean.
Do we need a Unique Scientist ID for publications in biomedicine?
Authors: Bohne-Lang Andreas , Lang Elke 
Published: March 2005

Abstract

Background
The PubMed database contains nearly 15 million references from more than 4,800 biomedical journals. In general, authors of scientific articles are addressed by their last name and forename initial.

Discussion
In general, names can be too common and not unique enough to be search criteria. Today, Ph.D. students, other researchers and women publish scientific work. A person may not only have one name but several names and publish under each name. A Unique Scientist ID could help to address people in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. As a starting point, perhaps PubMed could generate and manage such a scientist ID.

Summary
A Unique Scientist ID would improve knowledge management in science. Unfortunately in some of the publications, and then within the online databases, only one letter abbreviates the author's forename. A common name with only one initial could retrieve pertinent citations, but include many false drops (retrieval matching searched criteria but indisputably irrelevant).
Involvement of CC chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) in normal and pathological processes
Authors: Schutyser Evemie , Richmond Ann , Van Damme Jo 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCC chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) was originally discovered as pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine (PARC), dendritic cell (DC)-chemokine 1 (DC-CK1), alternative macrophage activation-associated CC chemokine-1 (AMAC-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein-4 (MIP-4). CCL18 primarily targets lymphocytes and immature DC, although its agonistic receptor remains unknown so far. CCL18 is mainly expressed by a broad range of monocytes/macrophages and DC. A more profound understanding of the various activation programs and functional phenotypes of these producer cells might give a better insight in the proinflammatory versus anti-inflammatory role of this CC chemokine. It is interesting that CCL18 is constitutively present at high levels in human plasma and likely contributes to the physiological homing of lymphocytes and DC and to the generation of primary immune responses. Furthermore, enhanced CCL18 production has been demonstrated in several diseases, including various malignancies and inflammatory joint, lung, and skin diseases. The lack of a rodent counterpart for human CCL18 sets all hope on primate animal models to further elucidate the importance of CCL18 in vivo. This review will address these different aspects in more detail.
Racialized bodies, naturalized classes: Moving through the city of Salvador da Bahia
Authors: McCallum Cecilia 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTIn this article, I describe racialization processes in Brazil's third‐largest urban center, Salvador da Bahia, focusing on a broadly defined field of social practice. In a cross‐class ethnographic portrait of the city, I examine the situated, embodied production of meanings about the body, as subjects move through urban space and time. I trace the emergence of racialization from residents' microhistorical passages through the metropolis as these sediment into a shared, if partial, knowledge about difference and identity. I argue that it is such knowledge, borne by subjects as they ceaselessly reconstruct themselves, that grounds the mutual constitution of whiteness and of blackness in the city. Further, these processes generate knowledge of the naturalization of class. Thus, if a uniting factor underlies the diversity of discourses circulating in the city, it is the embodied by‐product of subjective experience.
Tourism–terrorism: The landscaping of consumption and the darker side of place
Authors: Ness Sally Ann 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTTourism destinations are increasingly subject to locational forms of violence that enable certain conceptualizations of terrorism. This enabling is undermined to some extent when touristic landscaping is understood from a phenomenological perspective and the darker side of its placelike character is illuminated. Touristic landscapes are capable of producing injurious, traumatic forms of disemplacement via their consumption‐oriented spatializing of preexisting cultural places. One Philippine luxury destination, Pearl Farm Beach Resort, a target of locational violence in 2001, illustrates how the landscaping of tourist destinations can serve to embed and to signify potential sources of locational violence.
Buying a better witch doctor: Witch‐finding, neoliberalism, and the development imagination in the Taita Hills, Kenya
Authors: Smith James H. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTIn this article, I examine the efforts of a Kenyan community to make sense of, and to act on, structural transformations associated with economic and political liberalization and globalization. To locate the sources of its conjoined moral and economic decline, the community employed the witch finder Maji Marefu to expose the real circuits of power and abuse underlying the false appearances of everyday life and to make the institutions and practices long associated with “development” real again through the ritualized public exposure of new forms of witchcraft. Maji Marefu's “movement” sought to revitalize institutions that were iconic of an earlier model of development, coming to life in the vacuum that a retreating, downsized state left behind. Yet Maji Marefu ultimately came to epitomize the foreign vices he was hired to rid the community of, and the state and church were revitalized to intervene on the citizenry's behalf so as to control this “criminal” menace.
Moonshine, money, and the politics of liquidity in rural Russia
Authors: Rogers Douglas 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTIn many areas of rural Russia after socialism, moonshine serves as a local currency. In this article, I trace the intersecting circuits of moonshine, rubles, labor, and U.S. dollars in a Russian town to outline an approach to exchange that concentrates on the politics of liquidity—conflicts and inequalities rooted in the relative degrees of exchangeability associated with different transactables. I explore emerging axes of stratification after socialism at several junctures: between husbands and wives; among units of extended families; between moonlighters and their employers; and, through an analysis of ruble–dollar exchanges and Russia's “August crisis” of 1998, between rural households and international currency speculators.
Some linear programming methods for frontier estimation
Authors: Bouchard G. , Girard S. , Iouditski A. , Nazin A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe propose new methods for estimating the frontier of a set of points. The estimates are defined as kernel functions covering all the points and whose associated support is of smallest surface. They are written as linear combinations of kernel functions applied to the points of the sample. The weights of the linear combination are then computed by solving a linear programming problem. In the general case, the solution of the optimization problem is sparse, that is, only a few coefficients are non‐zero. The corresponding points play the role of support vectors in the statistical learning theory. In the case of uniform bivariate densities, theL1error between the estimated and the true frontiers is shown to be almost surely converging to zero, and the rate of convergence is provided. The behaviour of the estimates on one finite sample situation is illustrated on simulations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.