bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grounding strategic change practice in theory: the case of Avaya Ireland, 1992–2000
Authors: Dwyer Graham , Heracleous Loizos , Doyle Ciaran 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe Avaya Ireland story generates insights about how the European Foundation for Quality Management Model can be mobilized as a vehicle for driving organizational change. This paper describes the process of strategic change at Avaya Ireland and grounds the practical experience in recent strategic change management literature.The process of linking strategic change management theory to practice adds richness to the analysis by illustrating how radical change can be brought about by a perceived crisis based on changing environmental conditions. It also illustrates the use of applied frameworks by the organization as a guide for structuring and motivating strategic change. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The origin of species ‘competitive advantage’
Authors: Franklin Peter , Fredericks John 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis is the first of two papers relating to the idea and theory of competitive advantage. In this paper, the principal task is to return to basics and reveal some of the intellectual foundations to the concept of competitive advantage.In particular it is shown that the theory of competition, which informs the development of industrial economics, and Porter's (1980, 1985) work on competitive advantage entails profound methodological problems that bring into doubt the validity and reliability of the theory itself.It is therefore argued that any theory that relies on competition theory, including the theory of competitive advantage, will inherit the flaws of its origins. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &Sons, Ltd.
Strategic change in the ambulance service: barriers and success strategies for the implementation of high‐performance management systems
Authors: Woollard Malcolm , Lewis Duncan , Brooks Simon 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis paper examines how high‐performance management (HPM) strategies might increase operational and service efficiency in a large UK ambulance National Health Service (NHS) Trust.Ambulance services are faced with a government imposition of response times and increasing numbers of emergency calls. This paper reports on the change barriers as perceived by staff and middle management.Using a mixture of focus groups and semi‐structured interviews, the results point to barriers to change including, staff resistance to new working practices, a perceived lack of expertise among some middle managers and poor communication between staff and managers.Proposed success strategies included communication of the benefits of HPM to staff, the provision of a 24‐hour management presence and greater staff involvement. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capillary liquid chromatography as a tool for separation of hydrophobic basic drugs. Relation between tests for column characterization and real analysis
Authors: Kafková Bozena , Tesařová Eva , Suchánková Jana , Bosáková Zuzana , Coufal Pavel 
Published: June 2003

AbstractTwo capillary columns for reversed phase (RP) capillary liquid chromatography (CLC), viz. Nucleosil 100‐5 C18 and LiChrosorb RP‐select B, were characterized by the Walters test, i.e. the chromatographic test proposed for RP stationary phases. Hydrophobicity indices were determined not only in acetonitrile/water mobile phase, as proposed in the test, but they were also measured in buffered systems. This approach was used to quantify the influence of mobile phase composition on the modification of the surface of the stationary phases. In the next step, small basic compounds differing in their hydrophobicity and basicity were selected and their retention on the stationary phases in mobile phases of the same composition as used for column testing was examined. Furthermore, the retention of newly synthesized drugs, chemotherapeutics derived from thioacridine and pyridoquinoline, differing in their structures, basicity, and hydrophobicity, was also studied. The composition of the mobile phases had to be shifted to higher contents of organic modifiers – acetonitrile or methanol – in order to elute these hydrophobic compounds from the columns. The question we wanted to answer was: How is the method for testing of reversed phases related to retention, separation efficiency, and peak symmetry of various analytes?
Synthesis and Thermosensitive Properties of Poly[(N‐vinylamide)‐co‐(vinyl acetate)]s and Their Hydrogels
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuya , Serizawa Takeshi , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: June 2003

AbstractFree radical copolymerization of water‐soluble N‐vinylamides such as N‐vinylacetamide (NVA) and N‐vinylformamide (NVF) with hydrophobic vinyl acetate (VAc) gave amphiphilic copolymers. The monomer reactivity ratios were determined as r1 = 5.8 and r2 = 0.68 (M1 = NVA, M2 = VAc) and r1 = 6.2 and r2 = 0.37 (M1 = NVF, M2 = VAc), respectively. The growing radical of the terminals of N‐vinylamides propagates more favorably for N‐vinylamide monomers than for VAc monomer, resulting in the possible formation of blocky copolymers. It is found that aqueous solutions of these amphiphilic copolymers exhibited a lower critical solution temperature (LCST), depending on their chemical composition, followed by coacervate formation above the LCST. Furthermore, thermosensitive hydrogels could be prepared by the free radical copolymerization of N‐vinylamide and VAc in the presence of the crosslinker butylenebis(N‐vinylacetamide) (Bis‐NVA). The swelling ratios of these hydrogels decreased with an immediate increase in temperature from 20 to 80 °C, and then reversibly increased with decreasing temperature. These hydrogels showed the same thermosensitive properties as linear copolymers of NVF and VAc.Relationship between LCST and vinyl acetate content in poly(N‐vinylamide‐co‐VAc)s.magnified imageRelationship between LCST and vinyl acetate content in poly(N‐vinylamide‐co‐VAc)s.
Initial boundary value problem for the evolution system of MHD type describing geophysical flow in three‐dimensional domains
Authors: Zhao Chunshan 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe initial boundary value problem for the evolution system describing geophysical flow in three‐dimensional domains was considered. The existence and uniqueness of global strong solution to the evolution system were proved under assumption on smallness of data. Moreover, solvable compatibility conditions of initial data and boundary values which guarantee the existence and uniqueness of global strong solution were discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A suitable computational strategy for the parametric analysis of problems with multiple contact
Authors: Boucard P. A. , Champaney L. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe aim of the present work is to develop an application of the LArge Time INcrement (LATIN) approach for the parametric analysis of static problems with multiple contacts. The methodology adopted was originally introduced to solve viscoplastic and large‐transformation problems. Here, the applications concern elastic, quasi‐static structural assemblies with local non‐linearities such as unilateral contact with friction. Our approach is based on a decomposition of the assembly into substructures and interfaces. The interfaces play the vital role of enabling the local non‐linearities, such as contact and friction, to be modelled easily and accurately. The problem on each substructure is solved by the finite element method and an iterative scheme based on the LATIN method is used for the global resolution. More specifically, the objective is to calculate a large number of design configurations. Each design configuration corresponds to a set of values of all the variable parameters (friction coefficients, prestress) which are introduced into the mechanical analysis. A full computation is needed for each set of parameters. Here we propose, as an alternative to carrying out these full computations, to use the capability of the LATIN method to re‐use the solution to a given problem (for one set of parameters) in order to solve similar problems (for the other sets of parameters). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A stacked chalcopyrite thin‐film tandem solar cell with 1.2 V open‐circuit voltage
Authors: Nishiwaki S. , Siebentritt S. , Walk P. , Ch. Lux‐Steiner M. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractCuGaSe2(CGS) thin films were prepared on tin‐doped indium oxide (ITO) coated soda‐lime glass substrates by thermal co‐evaporation to fabricate transparent solar cells. The films consisted of columnar grains with a diameter of approximately 1 μm. Some deterioration of the transparency of the ITO was observed after deposition of the CGS film. The CGS solar cells were electrically connected in series with Cu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS) solar cells and mechanically stacked on the CIGS cells to construct tandem cells. The tandem solar cell with the CGS cell as the top cell showed an efficiency of 7.4% and an open‐circuit voltage of 1.18 V (AM 1.5, total area). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐irradiance degradation tests on concentrator GaAs solar cells
Authors: Rey‐Stolle Ignacio , Algora Carlos 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe present work summarises the results of an experiment of light‐soaking high‐concentrator MOVPE‐grown GaAs solar cells under monochromatic light (808 nm). The irradiance level was set so that the short‐circuit current obtained was 1100 times that produced with the AM1ċ5D spectrum at 1 kW/m2. This test caused no morphological changes in the devices. The main phenomenon discovered has been a slight increase with time of the reverse currentI02. This increase is analogous to that observed in similar degradation experiments based on high forward currents. In general, the results of these tests show that the drop in performance is very limited, supporting the idea that concentrator GaAs solar cells are rugged devices, capable of achieving long lifetimes in field operation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Life‐cycle assessment of photovoltaic modules: Comparison of mc‐Si, InGaP and InGaP/mc‐Si solar modules
Authors: Meijer A. , Huijbregts M. A. J. , Schermer J. J. , Reijnders L. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA higher conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules does not automatically imply a lower environmental impact, when the life‐cycle of modules is taken into account. An environmental comparison is carried out between the production and use phase, except maintenance, of an indium–gallium–phosphide (InGaP) on multicrystalline silicon (mc‐Si) tandem module, a thin‐film InGaP cell module and a mc‐Si module. The evaluation of the InGaP systems was made for a very limited industrial production scale. Assuming a fourfold reuse of the GaAs substrates in the production of the thin‐film InGaP (half) modules, the environmental impacts of the tandem module and of the thin‐film InGaP module are estimated to be respectively 50 and 80% higher than the environmental impact of the mc‐Si module. The energy payback times of the tandem module, the thin‐film InGaP module and the mc‐Si module are estimated to be respectively 5.3, 6.3 and 3.5 years. There are several ways to improve the life‐cycle environmental performance of thin‐film InGaP cells, including improved materials efficiency in production and reuse of the GaAs wafer and higher energy efficiency of the metalorganic chemical vapour deposition process. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developmental, gender, and practical considerations in scoring curriculum‐based measurement writing probes
Authors: Malecki Christine Kerres , Jewell Jennifer 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe present study focused on CBM written language procedures by conducting an investigation of the developmental, gender, and practical considerations surrounding three categories of CBM written language scoring indices: production‐dependent, production‐independent, and accurate‐production. Students in first‐ through eighth‐grade generated a three‐minute writing sample in the fall and spring of the school year using standard CBM procedures. The writing samples were scored using all three types of scoring indices to assess the trends in scoring indices for students of varying ages and gender and of the time required to score writing samples using various scoring indices. With only one exception, older students outperformed younger students on all of the scoring indices. Although at the middle school level students' levels of writing fluency and writing accuracy were not closely associated, at the younger grade levels the CBM indices were significantly related. With regard to gender differences, girls outperformed boys on measures of writing fluency at all grade levels. The average scoring time per writing sample ranged from 1‐1/2 to 2‐1/2 minutes (depending on grade level). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 40: 379–390, 2003.
Assessment of Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A comparative evaluation of five, commonly used, published rating scales
Authors: Demaray Michelle K. , Elting Jennifer , Schaefer Katherine 
Published: May 2003

AbstractADHD is one of the most common referrals to school psychologists and child mental health providers. Although a best practice assessment of ADHD requires more than the use of rating scales, rating scales are one of the primary components in the assessment of ADHD. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to provide the reader with a critical and comparative evaluation of the five most commonly used, narrow‐band, published rating scales for the assessment of ADHD. Reviews were conducted in four main areas: content and use, standardization sample and norms, scores and interpretation, and psychometric properties. It was concluded the rating scales with the strongest standardization samples and evidence for reliability and validity are the ADDES, the ADHD‐IV, and the CRS‐R. In determining which of these to use, the prospective users may want to reflect on their goals for the assessment. The ACTeRS and the ADHDT are not recommended for use because they are lacking crucial information in their manuals and have less well‐documented evidence of reliability and validity. Conclusions and recommendations for scale usage are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 40: 341–361, 2003.
Design and Performance Evaluation of Low‐Volume PM2.5 Inlet for Analyzing Chemical Composition
Authors: Kim D. S. , Hong S. B. , Kim H. T. , Lee J. H. , Lee K. W. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA new PM2.5 inlet, based on the particle cup impactor configuration, was designed for sampling fine particles smaller than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter and for operating at a flow rate of 5 l/min, as the devices, which are used to analyze the chemical composition of the particles, have good efficiency only at low‐volume flow rates. The performance of the inlet was evaluated in a test chamber, and the optimum dimensions of the particle cup impactor were determined by varying the nozzle‐to‐cup distance. Additional experiments covering flow rates between 3 and 10 l/min with particle sizes between 0.8 and 5.0 μm were carried out in the test chamber. The performance indicated that a nozzle‐to‐cup distance of 1.1 mm would yield a sharp size cutoff. The results from the tests showed that the inlet had a cutoff size of 2.55 μm in aerodynamic diameter at a flow rate of 5 l/min.
Transient effect of a free particle wave packet in the hydrodynamic formulation of the time‐dependent Schrödinger equation
Authors: Vadapalli Ravi K. , Weatherford Charles A. , Banicescu Ioana , Cariño Ricolindo L. , Zhu Jianping 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis article scrutinizes anomalies in accuracy studies by Brook et al. Int J Quantum Chem 2001, 85, 263–271 for a moving free particle. These studies were carried out in the framework of the quantum trajectory method developed from Bohm's hydrodynamic formalism. These accuracy studies exhibited a strange behavior of the relative error in the probability density that apparently contradicts the quantum fluid dynamic formalism. It is found that improper initialization of the pseudoparticle velocities is responsible for the observed anomalies. This article presents a method for appropriate initialization of the pseudoparticle velocities. It also evaluates the accuracy of this method by reinvestigating accuracy studies by Brook et al. for a moving free particle. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 94: 1–6, 2003
Theoretical study of 4‐, 5‐, 6‐, and 7‐member ring superphane cages with a metal atom inside
Authors: Mireles N. , Sansores L. E. , Martínez A. , Salcedo R. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractSuperphanes are a relatively new type of molecules with interesting properties. The best example is [26](1,2,3,4,5,6)cyclophane. Superphane molecules with ring sizes ranging from 3 to 7 were previously studied by our group. It was shown that these cages have highly symmetrical structures and show the transannular effect. The same set of molecules is studied in this work but now with a metal atom inside the cage localized in the geometric center. Calculations were performed using Gaussian98 code at the B3LYP/6‐31++G level. For metal atoms the basis used was LANL2DZ. Symmetrical structures were found in all cases with both rings flat and parallel to each other. Bond lengths between C atoms on each ring suggests electron delocalization. There is a transannular effect but now the electronic flow involves the metal atom. This effect is in particular strong in compounds 1 and 2, whereas compound 3 shows an important interaction between the rings localized in the HOMO‐1 besides an important presence of the side‐chains. The same effect is observed in the case of compound 4, but now the interaction is in the LUMO+1. The delocalization in compound 1 suggests that the butadienyl fragments have some degree of aromatization. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 94: 51–56, 2003
Computation on symmetry‐invariant bases
Authors: Wu Jian , Klein D. J. , Schmalz T. G. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThere is standard methodology available to facilitate electronic structure computations on a space that is invariant under a symmetry group. Here, we focus on additional consequences that arise if the basis itself is invariant under the symmetry group (i.e., in the case that application of symmetry operations to each basis vector yields, up to proportionality, a single basis vector). In illustration of the formal development, examples are considered where the symmetries are point‐group symmetries and the basis vectors are Slater determinants over singly occupied atomic orbitals, as for an open‐shell valence bond (VB) model. Several other types of examples are mentioned, e.g., a basis of chemically motivated resonance structures, as for a VB model, or an orbital basis of atomic orbitals for a one‐electron Hückel‐type model. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 94: 7–22, 2003
Theory of excitation energy transfer regarded as nonadiabatic transition 2: Calculational evidence of nonadiabatic interaction causing intermolecular excitation energy transfer
Authors: Okuno Yoshishige , Mashiko Shinro 
Published: May 2003

AbstractTo clarify whether the excitation energy transfer from a donor molecule or aggregate to a remote acceptor molecule or aggregate can be caused by nonadiabatic interaction as expected in our previous studies Okuno, Y. Chem Phys Lett 2001, 347, 138–142; Okuno, Y.; Mashiko, S. Int J Quantum Chem 2002, 90, 772–777, we carried out ab initio calculations for three donor–acceptor systems. Even when the acceptor is separated from the donor by 15 Å, it was found that nonadiabatic coupling elements have moderately large values in the nuclear configuration region where the potential energy surfaces at two excited states for the donor–acceptor system are close to each other; otherwise, the conical intersection between the two excited‐state potential energy surfaces appears. In addition, it was found that the adiabatic approximation for the donor–acceptor system holds in the nuclear configuration region in which the initial and final wave packets in the process of the excitation energy transfer lie. These findings lead to the conclusion that the excitation energy transfer between two remote molecules or aggregates can be caused by the nonadiabatic interaction. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 94: 36–43, 2003
Theoretical investigation of the isomers photolysis reaction for chlorine nitrate
Authors: Zhou Zhengyu , Du Benni , Aiping Fu , Zhang Weichao 
Published: May 2003

AbstractFor the reactant ClONO2 the equilibrium geometry and energy have been calculated by using various density functional (DFT) theory methods. The harmonic vibrational frequencies were computed using the B3LYP method for the ground state of the reactant; the results were in good agreement with those of the experiment. It was shown that the DFT methods were superior to other ab initio methods in optimizing geometry and predicting vibrational frequencies. In the process of forming the products from the dissociation reactions of ClONO2, the results indicated it undergoes the TS2, but not the TS1 transition state. According to the relative energies of various species, the potential energy surface reflected intuitively the mechanisms of these dissociation reactions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 94: 44–50, 2003
Theoretical investigation of charge transfer excitation and charge recombination in acenaphthylene–tetracyanoethylene complex
Authors: Yi Hai‐Bo , Li Xiang‐Yuan , Yang Sheng‐Yong , Duan Xiao‐Hui 
Published: May 2003

AbstractAb initio calculations were performed to investigate the charge separation and charge recombination processes in the photoinduced electron transfer reaction between tetracyanoethylene and acenaphthylene. The excited states of the charge‐balanced electron donor–acceptor complex and the singlet state of ion pair complex were studied by employing configuration interaction singles method. The equilibrium geometry of electron donor–acceptor complex was obtained by the second‐order Møller–Plesset method, with the interaction energy corrected by the counterpoise method. The theoretical study of ground state and excited states of electron donor–acceptor complex in this work reveals that the S1 and S2 states of the electron donor–acceptor complexes are excited charge transfer states, and charge transfer absorptions that corresponds to the S0 → S1 and S0 → S2 transitions arise from π–π* excitations. The charge recombination in the ion pair complex will produce the charge‐balanced ground state or excited triplet state. According to the generalized Mulliken–Hush model, the electron coupling matrix elements of the charge separation process and the charge recombination process were obtained. Based on the continuum model, charge transfer absorption and charge transfer emission in the polar solvent of 1,2‐dichloroethane were investigated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 94: 23–35, 2003