bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating regional fossil fuel CO2concentrations from14CO2observations: challenges and uncertainties
Authors: Maier Fabian , Levin Ingeborg , Gachkivskyi Maksym , Rödenbeck Christian , Hammer Samuel 
Published: October 2023

The direct way to estimate the regional fossil fuel CO2surplus (ΔffCO2) at a station is by measuring the Δ14CO2depletion compared with a respective background. However, this approach has several challenges, which are (i) the choice of an appropriate Δ14CO2background, (ii) potential contaminations through nuclear14CO2emissions and (iii) masking of ΔffCO2by14C-enriched biosphere respiration. Here we evaluate these challenges and estimate potential biases and typical uncertainties of14C-based ΔffCO2estimates in Europe. We show that Mace Head (MHD), Ireland, is a representative background station for the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) atmosphere station network. The mean ΔffCO2representativeness bias when using the MHD Δ14CO2background for the whole observation network is of order 0.1 ± 0.3 ppm. At ICOS sites, the median nuclear contamination leads to 25% low-biased ΔffCO2estimates if not corrected for. The ΔffCO2masking due to14C-enriched heterotrophic CO2respiration can lead to similar ΔffCO2biases as the nuclear contaminations, especially in summer. Our evaluation of all components contributing to the uncertainty of ΔffCO2estimates reveals that, due to the small ffCO2signals at ICOS stations, almost half of the14C-based ΔffCO2estimates from integrated samples have an uncertainty that is larger than 50%.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Radiocarbon in the Anthropocene'.
A red-emitting carborhodamine for monitoring and measuring membrane potential
Authors: Gest Anneliese M. M. , Lazzari-Dean Julia R. , Ortiz Gloria , Yaeger-Weiss Susanna K. , Boggess Steven C. , Miller Evan W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBiological membrane potentials, or voltages, are a central facet of cellular life. Optical methods to visualize cellular membrane voltages with fluorescent indicators are an attractive complement to traditional electrode-based approaches, since imaging methods can be high throughput, less invasive, and provide more spatial resolution than electrodes.Recently developed fluorescent indicators for voltage largely report changes in membrane voltage by monitoring voltage-dependent fluctuations in fluorescence intensity. However, it would be useful to be able to not only monitor changes, but also measure values of membrane potentials. This study discloses a new fluorescent indicator which can address both.We describe the synthesis of a new sulfonated tetramethyl carborhodamine fluorophore. When thiscarborhodamine is conjugated with an electron-rich, methoxy (-OMe) containing phenylenevinylene molecular wire, the resulting molecule, CRhOMe, is a voltage-sensitive fluorophore with red/far-red fluorescence.Using CRhOMe, changes in cellular membrane potential can be read out using fluorescence intensity or lifetime. In fluorescence intensity mode, CRhOMe tracks fast-spiking neuronal action potentials with greater signal-to-noise than state-of-the-art BeRST (another voltage-sensitive fluorophore). CRhOMe can also measure values of membrane potential. The fluorescence lifetime of CRhOMe follows a single exponential decay, substantially improving the quantification of membrane potential values using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). The combination of red-shifted excitation and emission, mono-exponential decay, and high voltage sensitivity enable fast FLIM recording of action potentials in cardiomyocytes. The ability to both monitor and measure membrane potentials with red light using CRhOMe makes it an important approach for studying biological voltages.Significance StatementBiological membrane potentials are maintained by all forms of life. In electrically excitable cells, fast changes in membrane potential drive downstream events: neurotransmitter release, contraction, or insulin secretion. The ability to monitor changes in and measure values of cellular membrane potentials is central to a mechanistic understanding of cellular physiology and disease. Traditional modes for measuring membrane potential use electrodes, which are invasive, destructive, low throughput, and ill-suited to interrogate spatial dynamics of membrane potentials. Optical methods to visualize potentials with fluorescent dyes offer a powerful complement to traditional electrode approaches. In this study, we show that a new, red to farred fluorophore can both monitor changes in and measure values of membrane potential in a variety of living systems.
GIRAFFOIDS FROM THE SIWALIKS OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Solounias Nikos , Ibáñez Maria Rios 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough today they occur in Africa, during the Miocene Giraffoids were widespread in Eurasia and Africa. We describe the giraffoid faunas found in the Siwaliks of Pakistan. These faunas are extremely rich in fossil mammals among which there are several new giraffoid taxa. In total, 28 species. They are an addition to taxa known before and give new insights in evolutionary relationships of all the taxa. Non-Siwalik localities that contribute key information are: Fort Ternan, Kalodirr, Tung Gur, Gebel Zelten, Gebel Hamrin and Bou Hanifia. (1) The Palaeomerycidae are distinct with ossicones and an occipital horn. The list of taxa includes five new Palaeomerycidae:Tauromeryx canteroinov. sp.,Nuchalia gratianov. gen. sp. nov.,Fovea fossatanov. gen. sp. nov.,Goniomeryx flynnigen. nov. sp. nov., andLateralia morganinov. gen. nov. sp. nov.; (2) new Climacoceridae:Vittoria soriaegen nov. sp nov.Orangemeryx badgleyinov. sp.Pachya moruorotigen. nov. sp. nov.Prolibytherium fusushas already been described. We also define two new ranks within the Climacoceridae family: the Climacocerinae and the Prolibytheriinae. (3) Preliminary systematics suggest that Giraffidae can be subdivided into two clades: the long and the short neck groups. The Siwaliks sample a total of fourteen different giraffids:Progiraffa exigua,Giraffokeryx punjabiensis,Ua pilbeami,Orea leptianew gen and new sp,Injanatherium hazimi,Giraffa punjabiensis, Giraffa sivalensis,Decennatherium asiaticum,Bramatherium megacephalum,Bramatherium perminese,Bamiscus microsnew gen and new sp., andSivatherium giganteum.Palaeotragus germaniifrom Bou Hanifia andBohlinia tungurensisfrom Tung Gur are new determinations. Progiraffinae and Bramatheriinae are new subfamilies of Giraffidae. The subfamilies of Giraffidae seem to hold as isolated evolutionary silos. Thus, they are hard to connect systematically. They are: Progiraffinae, Giraffokerycinae, Okapiinae, Bohlininae, Giraffinae, Palaeotraginae, Samotheriinae, Bramatheriinae and Sivatheriinae. It is hard to connect these subfamilies as they appear distinct around 16 Ma.
CH4transport in wetland plants under controlled environmental conditions – untangling the impacts of phenology
Authors: Ge Mengyu , Korrensalo Aino , Putkinen Anuliina , Laiho Raija , Kohl Lukas , Pihlatie Mari , Lohila Annalea , Makiranta Päivi , Siljanen Henri , Tuittila Eeva-Stiina , Koskinen Markku 
Published: October 2023

SummaryMethane (CH4) fluxes at plant surfaces are the net result of transport of soil-produced CH4and within-plant CH4production and consumption, yet factors and processes controlling these fluxes remain unclear.We conducted high-frequency automated CH4flux measurements from shoots ofCarex rostrata(sedge),Menyanthes trifoliata(forb) and shrubs (Betula nana,Salix lapponum) during early, high and late summer in a climate-controlled environment to assess the effects of environmental variables, seasonality and CH4 cycling microbes in the CH4 flux. Measurements were conducted from intact plant-soil samples collected throughout growing seasons 2020 and 2021 from Lompolojänkkäfen, northern Finland.All studied species showed seasonal variability in CH4fluxes. The CH4 fluxes were not impacted by light level, while out of the studied species, porewater CH4concentration increased fluxes from all but B. nana. Air temperature only and negatively affected CH4 flux from C. rostrata. Both methanogens and methanotrophs were detected in aboveground parts ofS. lapponumandM. trifoliata, methanotrophs inB. nana, while neither were detected inC. rostrata.Our study demonstrates that the seasonal phase of the plants regulates CH4 flux they mediate across species, which was not observed in the field. The detection of methanogens and methanotrophs in herbs and shrubs suggests that microbial processes may contribute to their CH4flux.
Clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of the updated COVID-19 mRNA Autumn 2023 vaccines in Germany
Authors: Joshi K , Scholz S , Maschio M , Kohli M , Lee A , Fust K , Ultsch B , van de Velde N , Beck E 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess the potential clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines updated for Autumn 2023 in adults aged ≥60 years and high-risk persons aged 30-59 years in Germany over a 1-year analytic time horizon (September 2023--August 2024).MethodsA compartmental Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered model was updated and adapted to the German market. Numbers of symptomatic infections, number of COVID-19 related hospitalisations and deaths, costs, and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained were calculated using a decision tree model. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of an Autumn 2023 Moderna updated COVID-19 (mRNA-1273.815) vaccine was compared to no additional vaccination. Potential differences between the mRNA-1273.815 and the Autumn Pfizer-BioNTech updated COVID-19 (XBB.1.5 BNT162b2) vaccines, as well as societal return on investment for the mRNA-1273.815 vaccine relative to no vaccination, were also examined.ResultsCompared to no Autumn vaccination, the mRNA-1273.815 campaign is predicted to prevent approximately 1,697,900 symptomatic infections, 85,400 hospitalisations, and 4,100 deaths. Compared to an XBB.1.5 BNT162b2 campaign, the mRNA-1273.815 campaign is also predicted to prevent approximately 90,100 symptomatic infections, 3,500 hospitalisations, and 160 deaths. Across both analyses we found the mRNA-1273.815 campaign to be dominant.ConclusionsThe mRNA-1273.815 vaccine can be considered cost-effective relative to the XBB.1.5 BNT162b2 vaccine and highly likely to provide more benefits and save costs compared to no vaccine in Germany, and to offer high societal return on investment.
Cognitive Processing Speed and Loneliness in Stroke Survivors: Insights from a Large-Scale Cohort Study
Authors: Byrne Christopher , Coetzer Rudi , Ramsey Richard 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveLoneliness, when prolonged, is associated with many deleterious effects and has been shown to be highly prevalent in those with a history of stroke, yet the cognitive mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon remain unclear. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the extent to which cognitive factors, with specific focus on processing speed, are associated with loneliness in those with a history of stroke.MethodUtilizing data from the British Cohort Study (BCS), a nationally representative dataset, we conducted secondary data analysis. A total of 7,752 participants completed relevant questions related to health, social interactions, demographics, loneliness, and cognitive assessments. Among them, 47 had experienced a stroke (“stroke,” n = 47), 5,545 reported other health conditions (“ill,” n = 5,545), and 2,857 were deemed healthy (“healthy,” n = 2,857)ResultsConsistent with previous research, our findings confirmed a positive correlation between stroke history and heightened loneliness. However, inferential analysis revealed that processing speed, alongside other cognitive factors, had a minimal impact on loneliness, with correlations too small to draw definitive conclusions.ConclusionThis study suggests that cognitive processing speed alone is not a robust predictor of loneliness in stroke survivors. Consequently, when developing interventions to combat loneliness in this population, it is crucial to consider a broader spectrum of factors, such as social engagement, emotional well-being, and interpersonal relationships. This underscores the imperative need for comprehensive assessments to better comprehend the multifaceted nature of loneliness and inform more effective intervention strategies.
Delay of punishment highlights differential vulnerability to developing addiction-like behavior toward sweet food
Authors: Solinas Marcello , Lardeux Virginie , LeBlanc Pierre-Marie , Longueville Jean-Emmanuel , Thiriet Nathalie , Vandaele Youna , Panlilio Leigh , Jaafari Nematollah 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTResistance to punishment is commonly used as a measure of compulsive behavior in addiction-related processes. We recently developed a progressive shock strength (PSS) procedure in which individual rats can titrate the amount of punishment that they are willing to tolerate to obtain food rewards. Here, we investigated the effects of a range of delays (0-12 sec) on resistance to punishment measured by PSS break points. As expected from delay discounting principles, we found that delayed shock was less effective as a punisher, as revealed by higher PSS breakpoints. However, this discounting effect was not equally distributed in the population of rats, and the introduction of a delay highlighted the existence of two populations: rats that were sensitive to immediate punishment were also weakly sensitive to delay, whereas rats that were resistant to immediate punishment showed strong temporal discounting of delayed punishment. Importantly, shock-sensitive rats suppressed responding even in non-punishment sessions, and they differed from shock-resistant rats in anxiety- like behavior but not in sensitivity to pain. These results show that manipulation of temporal contingencies of punishment in the PSS procedure provides a valuable tool to identify individuals with a double vulnerability to addiction: low sensitivity to aversion and excessive discounting of negative future consequences. Conversely, the shock-sensitive population may provide a model of humans who are vulnerable to opportunity loss due to excessive anxiety.
Decoding the molecular interplay of endogenous CD20 and Rituximab with fast volumetric nanoscopy
Authors: Ghosh Arindam , Meub Mara , Helmerich Dominic A. , Eiring Patrick , Kortüm K. Martin , Doose Sören , Sauer Markus 
Published: October 2023

AbstractElucidating the interaction between membrane proteins and antibodies requires fast whole-cell imaging at high spatiotemporal resolution. Lattice light-sheet (LLS) microscopy offers fast volumetric imaging but suffers from limited spatial resolution. DNA-PAINT achieves molecular resolution but is practically restricted to two-dimensional imaging due to long acquisition times. Here, we introduce two-dye imager (TDI) probes, manifesting negligible background and amplified fluorescence signal upon transient binding, enabling ∼15-fold faster imaging. Using a combination of TDI-DNA-PAINT and LLS microscopy on B cells, we reveal the oligomeric states and interaction of endogenous CD20 with the therapeutic monoclonal antibody rituximab (RTX), unperturbed by surface effects. Our results demonstrate that B cells become polarized, and microvilli stabilized by RTX binding. These findings, we believe, will aid rational design of improved immunotherapies targeting tumor-associated antigens.
Generalized Biomolecular Modeling and Design with RoseTTAFold All-Atom
Authors: Krishna Rohith , Wang Jue , Ahern Woody , Sturmfels Pascal , Venkatesh Preetham , Kalvet Indrek , Lee Gyu Rie , Morey-Burrows Felix S , Anishchenko Ivan , Humphreys Ian R , McHugh Ryan , Vafeados Dionne , Li Xinting , Sutherland George A , Hitchcock Andrew , Hunter C Neil , Baek Minkyung , DiMaio Frank , Baker David 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough AlphaFold2 (AF2) and RoseTTAFold (RF) have transformed structural biology by enabling high-accuracy protein structure modeling, they are unable to model covalent modifications or interactions with small molecules and other non-protein molecules that can play key roles in biological function. Here, we describe RoseTTAFold All-Atom (RFAA), a deep network capable of modeling full biological assemblies containing proteins, nucleic acids, small molecules, metals, and covalent modifications given the sequences of the polymers and the atomic bonded geometry of the small molecules and covalent modifications. Following training on structures of full biological assemblies in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), RFAA has comparable protein structure prediction accuracy to AF2, excellent performance in CAMEO for flexible backbone small molecule docking, and reasonable prediction accuracy for protein covalent modifications and assemblies of proteins with multiple nucleic acid chains and small molecules which, to our knowledge, no existing method can model simultaneously. By fine-tuning on diffusive denoising tasks, we develop RFdiffusion All-Atom (RFdiffusionAA), which generates binding pockets by directly building protein structures around small molecules and other non-protein molecules. Starting from random distributions of amino acid residues surrounding target small molecules, we design and experimentally validate proteins that bind the cardiac disease therapeutic digoxigenin, the enzymatic cofactor heme, and optically active bilin molecules with potential for expanding the range of wavelengths captured by photosynthesis. We anticipate that RFAA and RFdiffusionAA will be widely useful for modeling and designing complex biomolecular systems.
Link between lipid remodeling and ESCRT-III function in multivesicular body formation
Authors: Kölling Ralf 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite a tremendous amount of work, it is still unclear how the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III complex acts in membrane remodeling and abscission. Here we present evidence that a change in membrane composition could be connected to ESCRT-III function during multivesicular body (MVB) formation. The central observation was a strong synergistic effect of two mutations on the turnover of an endocytic cargo protein. One mutation deletes Tms1, a yeast SERINC homologue. Human SERINC3 and SERINC5 are HIV-1 restriction factors and have been shown to act as scramblases, flipping phospholipids between membrane leaflets. The other mutation deletes the Vps68 subunit of the Vps55/Vps68 complex, which loosely resembles Tms1 in its overall structure. The strong synergistic effect suggests that Tms1 and Vps55/Vps68 perform a similar function. Since we could also show that Vps55 and Tms1 physically interact with ESCRT-III, we propose that a scramblase is recruited to ESCRT-III and plays a role in intraluminal vesicles formation at MVBs.
International tourism development in the digital economy era: the role of ICT services and digital finance
Authors: Lee Chien-Chiang , Shi Jiayi , Zhang Hui , Wen Huwei 
Published: October 2023

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate how information and communication technology (ICT) services and digital finance affect the development of international tourism.Design/methodology/approachThe two-way fixed effect panel regression model, spatial econometric model, panel threshold regression model and panel quantile regression model are used. Data on tourism, economic and social development in 198 Chinese cities from 2011 to 2020 are analyzed.FindingsThis study finds that digital economy including ICT services and digital finance has significantly promoted the development of international tourism industry, while there is a negative spatial spillover effect. The promotion effect of international tourism increases significantly after digital innovation reaches the threshold value. International tourism is benefiting more from digital economy with the development of international tourism industry.Research limitations/implicationsThe development quality of international tourism industry has not been analyzed due to data limitations, and the mechanism has not been tested.Originality/valueThis study creatively reveals the development of international tourism industry in the digital economy era from ICT services and digital finance perspectives. This study also shows the spatial, nonlinear and asymmetric relationship between digital economy and international tourism.
The relationship between mood and anxiety and cognitive phenotypes in adults with pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Bingaman Nolan , Ferguson Lisa , Thompson Nicolas , Reyes Anny , McDonald Carrie R. , Hermann Bruce P. , Arrotta Kayela , Busch Robyn M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivePatients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) are often at a high risk for cognitive and psychiatric comorbidities. Several cognitive phenotypes have been identified in TLE, but it is unclear how phenotypes relate to psychiatric comorbidities, such as anxiety and depression. This observational study investigated the relationship between cognitive phenotypes and psychiatric symptomatology in TLE.MethodsA total of 826 adults (age = 40.3, 55% female) with pharmacoresistant TLE completed a neuropsychological evaluation that included at least two measures from five cognitive domains to derive International Classification of Cognitive Disorders in Epilepsy (IC‐CoDE) cognitive phenotypes (i.e., intact, single‐domain impairment, bi‐domain impairment, generalized impairment). Participants also completed screening measures for depression and anxiety. Psychiatric history and medication data were extracted from electronic health records. Multivariable proportional odds logistic regression models examined the relationship between IC‐CoDE phenotypes and psychiatric variables after controlling for relevant covariates.ResultsPatients with elevated depressive symptoms had a greater odds of demonstrating increasingly worse cognitive phenotypes than patients without significant depressive symptomatology (odds ratio [OR] = 1.123–1.993, all corrected p's < .05). Number of psychotropic (OR = 1.584, p < .05) and anti‐seizure medications (OR = 1.507, p < .001), use of anti‐seizure medications with mood‐worsening effects (OR = 1.748, p = .005), and history of a psychiatric diagnosis (OR = 1.928, p < .05) also increased the odds of a more severe cognitive phenotype, while anxiety symptoms were unrelated.SignificanceThis study demonstrates that psychiatric factors are not only associated with function in specific cognitive domains but also with the pattern and extent of deficits across cognitive domains. Results suggest that depressive symptoms and medications are strongly related to cognitive phenotype in adults with TLE and support the inclusion of these factors as diagnostic modifiers for cognitive phenotypes in future work. Longitudinal studies that incorporate neuroimaging findings are warranted to further our understanding of the complex relationships between cognition, mood, and seizures and to determine whether non‐pharmacologic treatment of mood symptoms alters cognitive phenotype.
Analysis of the Synchronous Response of Rotor Components by Wavelet Transform and Wavelet Probing
Authors: Carassale Luigi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The measured synchronous response of rotor components may be analyzed with two objectives. On the one hand, the estimation of the response amplitude is necessary for structural calculations such as the assessment of the low-cycle fatigue safety margin. On the other hand, it is used for system identification purpose with particular interest for damping. Both these tasks can be carried out efficiently and accurately using the time-frequency analysis (TFA) based on the continuous wavelet transform (WT). A major issue that limits a wide use of this tool is the lack of criteria to guide the analyst to a proper choice of the parameters involved in the wavelet transform. This paper discusses this problem from a theoretical and practical point of view and provides a criterion valid for the analysis of the response during resonance crossings.