bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of escitalopram on sleep problems in depressed patients
Authors: Lader M. , Andersen H. F. , Bækdal T. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe results from three 8‐week escitalopram studies in major depressive disorder are presented with respect to efficacy and the effect on sleep quality, both in the full population and the subpopulation of patients with sleep problems at baseline.Analysis of pooled data from these randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, studies in which citalopram was the active reference, showed a significant improvement for escitalopram‐treated patients (n = 52·0) in the Montgomery‐Åsberg depression rating scale (MADRS) item 4 (‘reduced sleep’) scores at weeks 6 and 8 compared with placebo (n=398; p < 0.01) and at weeks 4, 6 and 8 (n = 403; p < 0.05) compared with citalopram.Escitalopram‐treated patients with sleep problems (MADRS item 4 score ≥ 4; n = 254) at baseline showed a statistically significant improvement in mean MADRS item 4 scores at weeks 4, 6 and 8 compared with patients treated with placebo (n = 191; p < 0.05) or citalopram (n = 193; p < 0.01). These patients also showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) and clinically relevant improvement in MADRS total score after escitalopram treatment compared with citalopram at weeks 1, 4, 6 and 8 (observed cases) and endpoint (−2.45; last observation carried forward [LOCF]). Statistical significance in favour of escitalopram versus placebo treatment was found at all visits, including endpoint (−4.2; LOCF).Thus, these post‐hoc analyses suggest that escitalopram has a significant beneficial effect compared with placebo or citalopram in reducing sleep disturbance in patients suffering from major depressive disorder. The effect of escitalopram in improving ‘reduced sleep’ scores was clearly seen in patients with more severe sleep disturbance at baseline. A further prospective study is needed to establish this useful clinical effect in insomniac depressives. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety and tolerability of duloxetine in the treatment of major depressive disorder: analysis of pooled data from eight placebo‐controlled clinical trials
Authors: Hudson James I. , Wohlreich Madelaine M. , Kajdasz Daniel K. , Mallinckrodt Craig H. , Watkin John G. , Martynov Oleg V. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the safety and tolerability of the antidepressant duloxetine across multiple studies for major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodSafety data were integrated from the acute phases of eight double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials in which patients were randomized to duloxetine (40–120 mg/d; n = 1139) or placebo (n = 777) for up to 9 weeks. This data set included all acute‐phase clinical trials that formed the basis of the New Drug Application (United States) or European Union submission package for duloxetine in the treatment of MDD. Two studies included continuation phases in which acute treatment responders received duloxetine or placebo for an additional 26 weeks. Safety assessments included serious adverse event reports, rates of discontinuation, spontaneously reported treatment‐emergent adverse events, changes in vital signs and laboratory values, and electrocardiograms.ResultsThe rates of serious adverse events for duloxetine‐ and placebo‐treated patients were 0.3% and 0.6%, respectively (p = 0.282). Adverse events led to discontinuation in 9.7% of duloxetine‐treated patients, compared with 4.2% of patients receiving placebo (p < 0.001). Treatment‐emergent adverse events with an incidence for duloxetine ≥ 5.0% and significantly greater than placebo were nausea, dry mouth, constipation, insomnia, dizziness, fatigue, somnolence, increased sweating and decreased appetite. Mean changes in blood pressure and heart rate were small, and the incidence of increases above normal ranges was low. Duloxetine‐treated patients had a mean decrease in weight of 0.5 kg compared with an increase of 0.2 kg for patients receiving placebo (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found between duloxetine and placebo in the incidence of potentially clinically significant laboratory values at anytime while on treatment.ConclusionThese results are consistent with those obtained previously from smaller pooled data sets, and suggest that duloxetine is safe and well tolerated in patients with MDD. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gelatin/chondroitin‐6‐sulfate copolymer scaffold for culturing human nucleus pulposus cells in vitro with production of extracellular matrix
Authors: Yang Shu‐Hua , Chen Po‐Quang , Chen Yi‐Fang , Lin Feng‐Huei 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTissue‐engineering approaches for treating degenerative intervertebral discs aim to regenerate intervertebral disc tissues in order to retard or even reverse the degenerative process. This study was designed to investigate the feasibility of the glutaraldehyde crosslinked gelatin/chondroitin‐6‐sulfate copolymer scaffold to serve as a bioactive scaffold for culturing human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells in vitro with preservation of the cell viability, cell proliferation, and production of important extracellular matrix, including glycoaminoglycans (GAG) and Type II collagen. Each experimental sample was seeded with 1 × 106 human NP cells, and then the cell–scaffold hybrids were cultured in vitro for 6 or 12 weeks. SEM showed a highly porous structure with an average pore size of 100 μm in the copolymer scaffold. Immediately after cell seeding, SEM showed that the seeded cells penetrated deeply and distributed evenly in the copolymer scaffold. Water‐soluble tetrazolium salt‐1 (WST‐1) assay showed good viability and active proliferation of cultured human NP cells in the copolymer scaffolds up to 12 weeks. The cell–scaffold hybrids contained significantly higher levels of sulfated GAG than the control samples (41.29 μg vs 6.04 μg per scaffold). Immunohistochemical study showed Type II collagen fibrils on the surface of scaffold substrate after 6 weeks of cultivation. More abundant deposition of Type II collagen could be detected after 12 weeks. The results achieved in this study indicate that the gelatin/chondroitin‐6‐sulfate copolymer scaffold is a promising bioactive scaffold for regeneration of nucleus pulposus tissue. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2005
Effect of laser perforation on the remodeling of acellular matrix grafts
Authors: Bergmeister Helga , Boeck Peter , Kasimir Marie‐Theres , Fleck Tatjana , Fitzal Florian , Husinsky Wolfgang , Mittlboeck Martina , Stoehr Hans Georg , Losert Udo , Wolner Ernst , Grabenwoeger Martin 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAutologous cells migrate only slightly into acellular matrix grafts. This study was carried out in small‐diameter, allogeneic matrix grafts to investigate the effects on cell repopulation and remodeling caused by increased wall porosity induced by laser perforation. Allogeneic ovine carotid arteries were decellularized by dye‐mediated photooxidation (Photofix™). Matrix grafts (10 cm × 4 mm i.d.) were perforated with holes of 50 μm diameter at a density of 50 holes/cm2 using a Ti–sapphire laser. The grafts were implanted in the carotid arteries of 10 sheep and were compared to nonperforated grafts implanted contralaterally. The prostheses were retrieved after 6 weeks or 3 or 6 months following implantation and were evaluated by histologic examination, immunohistochemical staining, and scanning electron microscopy. All grafts, except one of the perforated specimens, remained patent. Perforated implants, examined at 6 weeks, showed faster recellularization with endothelial cells than did the corresponding contralateral controls. Perforated grafts, examined at 6 months, showed a significantly thicker neointima and clear signs of neovascularization: endothelial cells, basal lamina, elastic fibers, circular and longitudinally orientated smooth muscle cells in comparison to nonperforated specimens. Repopulation of the decellularized matrix with host cells was higher in the perforated than in the nonperforated prostheses. These results suggest that the increased matrix porosity induced by laser perforation promotes graft remodeling and reconstitution with host cells. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2005
Towards automated 3D finite element modeling of direct fiber reinforced composite dental bridge
Authors: Li Wei , Swain Michael V. , Li Qing , Steven Grant P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAn automated 3D finite element (FE) modeling procedure for direct fiber reinforced dental bridge is established on the basis of computer tomography (CT) scan data. The model presented herein represents a two‐unit anterior cantilever bridge that includes a maxillary right incisor as an abutment and a maxillary left incisor as a cantilever pontic bonded by adhesive and reinforced fibers. The study aims at gathering fundamental knowledge for design optimization of this type of innovative composite dental bridges. To promote the automatic level of numerical analysis and computational design of new dental biomaterials, this report pays particular attention to the mathematical modeling, mesh generation, and validation of numerical models. To assess the numerical accuracy and to validate the model established, a convergence test and experimental verification are also presented. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2005
Degree bounds for the circumference of 3‐connected graphs
Authors: Jung Heinz A. , Vumar Elkin 
Published: May 2005

AbstractLet C be a longest cycle in the 3‐connected graph G and let H be a component of G − V(C) such that |V(H)| ≥ 3. We supply estimates of the form |C| ≥ 2d(u) + 2d(v) − α(4 ≤ α ≤ 8), where u,v are suitably chosen non‐adjacent vertices in G. Also the exceptional classes for α = 6,7,8 are characterized. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory
Non‐linear performance comparison for FD and PD SOI MOSFETs based on the integral function method and Volterra modelling
Authors: Parvais B. , Cerdeira A. , Schreurs D. , Raskin J.‐P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe harmonic and intermodulation distortions of both fully‐depleted (FD) and partially‐depleted (PD) silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) MOSFETs are studied. The analysis is based on the recently developed integral function method and the results are compared to a third‐order Volterra model of the MOSFET. This modelling helps us to understand the non‐linear mechanisms of the considered devices and to predict their frequency behaviour. The models are validated through large‐signal network analyser measurements. The devices performances are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymerisation of Acrylates Catalysed by Methylaluminoxane Activated Ditertiary Phosphine Complexes of Iron and Cobalt Dichlorides
Authors: Castro Pascal M. , Lankinen Mikko P. , Leskelä Markku , Repo Timo 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSummary: Diphosphane complexes of iron(II) are active catalysts for the polymerisation of methyl acrylate (MA) monomers in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO). High molar mass atactic MA polymers ($\overline M _{\rm n}$ ∼ 200 kg/mol) were obtained under mild conditions with relatively narrow polydispersities (PDI ∼ 2). Polymerisation activity and polymer molar masses are strongly dependent on the ligand frame. The polymerisation requires the coordination of MA to a vacant coordination site at the metal centre, and processes with chain‐transfer to aluminium. Cobalt analogues proved to be less efficient catalysts, giving activities in the range of 50–250 kg/mol · h instead of 200–450 kg/mol · h for the iron complexes. MAO activated FeCl2 and CoCl2 salts also perform the polymerisation of MA with low activity.Ditertiary phosphine complex of iron(II) chloride as methyl acrylate polymerisation catalyst.imageDitertiary phosphine complex of iron(II) chloride as methyl acrylate polymerisation catalyst.
Controlled Anionic Block Copolymerization with N,N‐Dialkylacrylamide as a Second Block
Authors: Vinogradova Ljudmila , Fedorova Ljubov , Adler Hans‐Juergen P. , Kuckling Dirk , Seifert Denis , Tsvetanov Christo B. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSummary: Novel well‐defined block copolymers composed of polystyrene, poly(2‐vinylpyridine), poly(ethylene oxide), or poly(tert‐butyl methacrylate) as the first block and poly(N,N‐dialkylacrylamide) (PDAlAAm) as the second block were synthesized by ligated anionic polymerization. The latter was carried out in tetrahydrofuran (THF) initiated by 1,1‐diphenyloligostyryllithium in the presence of ZnEt2 and LiCl. At first the role of the additives LiCl and ZnEt2 on the mode of the anionic homopolymerization of N,N‐dialkylacrylamide was investigated. Polymerization in the presence of ZnEt2 resulted in syndiotactic polymers with narrow molecular weight distribution only. In the presence of both additives, the reaction mixture became heterogeneous with a high degree of isotacticity of the polymers. Despite the fact that the polymerizations were performed in heterogeneous phase, the DAlAAm monomers were polymerized in a quantitative yield. The efficiency of the first block of active sites was always higher than 0.71. Preliminary studies using dynamic light scattering of aqueous hydrochloric acid solutions of poly[(2‐vinylpyridine)‐block‐(N,N‐diethylacrylamide)] block copolymers at different temperatures and at pH 2 showed that above 45 °C, micelle‐like aggregates were formed. The heating and cooling cycles were reversible but showed hysteresis, which was obviously due to the isotactic structure of the poly(N,N‐diethylacrylamide) block.Temperature dependence of the scattering intensity of various poly[(2‐vinylpyridine)‐block‐(N,N‐diethylacrylamide)] block copolymers.imageTemperature dependence of the scattering intensity of various poly[(2‐vinylpyridine)‐block‐(N,N‐diethylacrylamide)] block copolymers.
Saturated Red Light‐Emitting Copolymers of Poly(aryleneethynylene)s with Narrow‐Band‐Gap (NBG) Units: Synthesis and Luminescent Properties
Authors: Shi Chenjun , Wu Yun , Zeng Wenjin , Xie Yuqing , Yang Kaixia , Cao Yong 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSummary: A series of novel poly(fluoreneethynylene) (PFE) copolymers containing a molar ratio less than or equal to 50% of narrow‐band‐gap (NBG) comonomers, 4,7‐dithienyl‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (DBT), and 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (BT), is prepared by the Pd‐Cu‐catalyzed coupling reaction. The copolymers are soluble in common organic solvents. All the polymers are fluorescent in solution and in solid state. Chemical and photophysical properties of these copolymers were thoroughly studied. Devices based on the copolymers emit saturated red light, and the emission slightly red‐shifted gradually with increasing NBG comonomer content. The maximal external quantum efficiency of the polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLED) reaches 0.41% with the emission maximum at 638 nm.Synthesis of PFE by Pd‐Cu‐catalyzed coupling reaction.imageSynthesis of PFE by Pd‐Cu‐catalyzed coupling reaction.
The face of the un‐consumer: An empirical examination of the practice of voluntary simplicity in the United States
Authors: Huneke Mary E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe practice of voluntary simplicity is inextricably linked to consumer behavior and has attracted the attention of researchers in a number of disciplines, including psychology and marketing. Yet the daily practice of voluntary simplicity in the United States remains largely unexamined. The research presented here is the first to look at voluntary simplicity with the use of a nationwide sample of American consumers. A more refined application of Maslow's theory of human motivation to the understanding of this social phenomenon is proposed. The practices considered most important to this lifestyle are identified, as are key impediments to its consistent practice. Factor analysis is used to identify the underlying dimensions of U.S. voluntary simplicity: ecological and social responsibility; community; and maintaining a spiritual life. Findings indicate that people of moderate income are more likely to practice voluntary simplicity than was previously believed. This research also compares highly committed simplifiers to those who are less committed, finding that more committed practitioners are more likely to be consistent in practices requiring ongoing effort, such as composting. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular Evolution of Polymers through Photoageing: A New UV in situ Viscoelastic Technique
Authors: Verney Vincent , Commereuc Sophie 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSummary: Dienic elastomers are highly sensitive towards oxidation. During UV exposure, both scission and/or recombination reactions compete which involves an evolution of the molecular structure of the material. We developed an in situ technique to monitor the viscoelastic property changes upon UV irradiation of polymers in a single experiment. We illustrated this photorheology technique in the case of two kinds of elastomers. From our findings, this method is assumed to bring significant new advantages.Photograph of the photorheometer used in this study.magnified imagePhotograph of the photorheometer used in this study.
Photoswitchable Smectic Liquid‐Crystalline Elastomers
Authors: Beyer Patrick , Zentel Rudolf 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSummary: We succeeded in the synthesis of azo side chain containing polysiloxanes with broad smectic C* and A phases. In these polymers the phase transition temperatures can be shifted reversibly by up to 17 °C by irradiation with UV (cis) or VIS (trans) light. Thin films of these polymers in the smectic phase (both on substrates and as free‐standing films) orient perfectly in a homeotropic manner. As a consequence, the azo chromophores do no longer absorb during a perpendicular illumination with light (dichroism). It is thus possible to crosslink these films photochemically to prepare “photoswitchable smectic LC elastomers”.The trans‐cis isomerization in homeotropically oriented LC elastomers.magnified imageThe trans‐cis isomerization in homeotropically oriented LC elastomers.
Expression profiling the human septin gene family
Authors: Hall Peter A , Jung Kenneth , Hillan Kenneth J , Russell SE Hilary 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe septins are an evolutionarily conserved family of GTP‐binding proteins involved in diverse processes including vesicle trafficking, apoptosis, remodelling of the cytoskeleton, infection, neurodegeneration, and neoplasia. The present paper reports a comprehensive study of septin gene expression by DNA microarray methods in 10 360 samples of normal, diseased, and tumour tissues. A novel septin, SEPT13, has been identified and is shown to be related to SEPT7. It is shown that SEPT13 and the other known human septins are expressed in all tissue types but some show high expression in lymphoid (SEPT1, 6, 9, and 12) or brain tissues (SEPT2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 11). For a given septin, some isoforms are highly expressed in the brain and others are not. For example, SEPT8_v2 and v1, 1* and 3 are highly expressed in the brain and cluster with SEPT2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 11. However, a probe set specific for SEPT8_v1 with low brain expression clusters away from this set. Similarly, SEPT4 has lymphoid and non‐lymphoid forms; SEPT2 has lymphoid and central nervous system (CNS) forms; and SEPT6 and SEPT9 are elevated in lymphoid tissues but both have forms that cluster away from the lymphoid forms. Perturbation of septin expression was widespread in disease and tumours of the various tissues examined, particularly for conditions of the CNS, where alterations in all 13 septin genes were identified. This analysis provides a comprehensive catalogue of the septin family in health and disease. It is a key step in understanding the role of septins in physiological and pathological states and provides insight into the complexity of septin biology. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbazole‐bound ferrocenium salt as an efficient cationic photoinitiator for epoxy polymerization
Authors: Wang Tao , Li Bao Sh , Zhang Li X 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe low absorption of cyclopentadienyl‐Fe‐cumene hexafluorophosphate (I‐261) above 300 nm limits its utilization of longer wavelength emission from light sources. We report here the synthesis and photoactivity of a carbazole‐bound ferrocenium salt, cyclopentadienyl‐Fe‐carbazole hexafluorophosphate ([Cp‐Fe‐carbazole]+PF6−), which efficiently absorbs radiation between 300 and 400 nm. Its photoactivity is higher than that of I‐261 as a cationic photoinitiator. When the photosensitizer benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is employed, [Cp‐Fe‐carbazole]+PF6− can obviously be sensitized. Two other ferrocenium salts with amine groups, cyclopentadienyl‐Fe‐aniline hexafluorophosphate ([Cp‐Fe‐aniline]+PF6−) and cyclopentadienyl‐Fe‐p‐methylaniline hexafluorophosphate ([Cp‐Fe‐p‐methylaniline]+PF6−) were also studied. As photoinitiators, they perform poorly and can not be sensitized by BPO. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Differential proteome analysis of conditioned media to detect Smad4 regulated secreted biomarkers in colon cancer
Authors: Volmer Martin W. , Stühler Kai , Zapatka Marc , Schöneck Anna , Klein‐Scory Susanne , Schmiegel Wolff , Meyer Helmut E. , Schwarte‐Waldhoff Irmgard 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSmad4 is a tumor suppressor gene primarily involved in carcinogenesis of the pancreas and colon. The functional inactivation of Smad4 is a late step genetically. In pancreatic carcinogenesis, loss of Smad4 marks the transition to invasive growth. In colorectal cancers, the frequency of Smad4 inactivation is markedly increased in metastatic cancers. We have established cell biological models, re‐expressing Smad4 in deficient human cancer cells, in which we could show that Smad4 is adequate to suppress tumor growth through suppression of angiogenic and invasive properties. Thus, pairs of Smad4‐re‐expressing and Smad4‐deficient cells are prone to model the progression from premalignant stages to carcinomas in the carcinogenic process and may provide access to Smad4 targets of high clinical relevance. We present here a “differential secretome analysis”, comparing all the proteins released in vitro from the Smad4‐deficient and Smad4‐re‐expressing SW480 human colon carcinoma cells. The differential secretome catalog comprises more than 25 proteins including proteases and protease inhibitors, as well as established tumor biomarkers. In conclusion, this approach proved to be a sensitive tool to specifically detect Smad4 targets relevant for tumor‐stroma interactions. It is also able to reflect complex alterations of cellular physiology. Moreover, the results support our hypothesis that human tumor markers detectable in serum may be identified through differential secretome analyses.