bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐phase chemically defined culture system for preimplantation rat embryos
Authors: Zhou Yue , Galat Vasiliy , Garton Ray , Taborn Greg , Niwa Koji , Iannaccone Philip 
Published: July 2003

AbstractA limiting factor in the development of new technologies and transport of rats worldwide has been the inability to robustly culture preimplantation embryos. Previously, culture in vitro to the blastocyst stage from one‐cell embryos was successful only if the one‐cell embryos were isolated near the time of the first cleavage and from only a few strains. Here we report the use of commonly available, chemically defined culture media to overcome these limitations. In vitro culture of young one‐cell embryos using common embryo media (KSOM, BMOC, or HTF) for 18–22 h followed by culture in mR1ECM medium allows the successful in vitro development of blastocysts from one‐cell embryos after 5 days from both outbred (SD) and inbred strains of rat (WF, LEW, F344, and PVG). This system allows the parthenogenetic development of chemically activated, unfertilized oocytes to the blastocyst stage. Embryos cultured in this system develop to term and are live‐born following transfer to surrogate mothers. genesis 36:129–133, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metaphase FISHing of transgenic mice recommended: FISH and SKY define BAC‐mediated balanced translocation
Authors: Abrahams Brett S. , Chong Annabelle C.O. , Nisha Maimun , Milette Danielle , Brewster David A. , Berry Melissa L. , Muratkhodjaev Farkhad , Mai Sabine , Rajcan‐Separovic Evica , Simpson Elizabeth M. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe evolving trend to use larger transgenes and their associated increased chance of unexpected genetic events mandates more careful characterization of transgenic mice. In characterizing our five new mouse strains transgenic for the BAC, bEMS4, we have identified the highest copy number reported to date: the stable incorporation of ∼40 copies of a 194‐kb expressed transgene in a single insertion site. We caution, however, that standard molecular techniques failed to identify a balanced translocation in another strain, and an inappropriate site of insertion in a third. Molecular cytogenetic analysis using metaphase FISH was the minimum level of characterization needed to reveal these unexpected genetic events. In addition, we combined FISH and SKY to identify the transgene at the breakpoints of the balanced translocation, t(3;9). This is the first description of a BAC‐mediated chromosomal rearrangement and the first application of SKY to identify transgene‐induced chromosomal rearrangements. genesis 36:134–141, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two new balancer chromosomes on mouse chromosome 4 to facilitate functional annotation of human chromosome 1p
Authors: Nishijima Ichiko , Mills Alea , Qi Yi , Mills Michael , Bradley Allan 
Published: July 2003

AbstractSummary: To facilitate genetic screens to identify and maintain recessive mutations that map to the short arm of human chromosome 1, we have utilized chromosome engineering to generate two mouse strains that carry large inversions on the distal region of mouse chromosome 4. The inversion intervals are 16 and 22 cM in size together they cover approximately half of chromosome 4. Since recombination between the wild‐type and inversion chromosomes does not occur within these inversion intervals, mutant alleles of genes mapping to this region can be identified and maintained. Therefore, these inversion chromosomes work as balancer chromosomes. These inversions have the additional advantage that they are tagged with genes encoding the visible coat color markers tyrosinase and agouti, and therefore the dosage of the inversion chromosome (+/+, Inv/+, Inv/Inv) can be visually recognized. These inversion strains will be extremely useful for mutagenesis screens that focus on functional annotation of human chromosome 1p. genesis 36:142–148, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patched 1 conditional null allele in mice
Authors: Ellis Tammy , Smyth Ian , Riley Emily , Graham Scott , Elliot Kate , Narang Monica , Kay Graham F. , Wicking Carol , Wainwright Brandon 
Published: July 2003

AbstractSummary: The patched gene (Ptc) is a member of the hedgehog signaling pathway which plays a central role in the development of many invertebrate and vertebrate tissues. In addition, Ptc and a number of other pathway members are mutated in some common human cancers. Patched is the receptor for the hedgehog ligand and in the mouse ablation of the Ptc gene leads to developmental defects and an embryonic lethal phenotype. Here we describe a conditional Ptc allele in mice which will have utility for the temporospatial ablation of Ptc function. genesis 36:158–161, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Labeling of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in novel activatable EGFP reporter mice
Authors: Gilchrist Derek S. , Ure Jan , Hook Lilian , Medvinsky Alexander 
Published: July 2003

AbstractSummary: Conditional activation and inactivation of genes using the Cre/loxP recombination system is a powerful tool for the analysis of gene function and for tracking cell fate. Here we report a novel silent EGFP reporter mouse line generated by enhancer trap technology using embryonic stem (ES) cells. Following transfection with the silent EGFP reporter construct, positive ES cell clones were treated with Cre recombinase. These “activated clones” were then further selected on the basis of ubiquitous EGFP expression during in vitro differentiation. The parental “silent” clones were then used for generating mice. Upon Cre‐mediated activation in ovo tissues tested from these mice express EGFP. Long‐term, strong and sustainable expression of EGFP is observed in most myeloid and lymphoid cells. As shown by in vivo transplantation assays, the majority of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and spleen colony‐forming units (CFU‐S) reside within the EGFP positive fraction. Most in vitro colony‐forming units (CFU‐Cs) isolated from bone marrow also express EGFP. Thus, these reporter mice are useful for the analysis of Cre‐mediated recombination in HSCs and hematopoietic progenitor cells. This, in combination with the high accessibility of the loxP sites, makes these mice a valuable tool for testing cell/tissue‐specific Cre‐expressing mice. genesis 36:168–176, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A retained selection cassette increases reporter gene expression without affecting tissue distribution in SPI3 knockout/GFP knock‐in mice
Authors: Scarff Katrina L. , Ung Kheng S. , Sun Jiuru , Bird Phillip I. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractSummary: The human serpin, proteinase inhibitor 6 (PI‐6/SERPINB6), is a protease inhibitor expressed in many tissues. It inhibits a large number of proteases, including cathepsin G in granulocytes and monocytes. To determine the temporal and spatial distribution of PI‐6, mice were generated in which exon 2 of the PI‐6 ortholog SPI3 (Serpinb6) was replaced with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene. This placed GFP under the control of the regulatory elements and initiation codon of the SPI3 gene. The neomycin selection cassette was flanked by loxP sites to allow excision from the targeted allele. GFP expression in heterozygous and SPI3‐deficient mice accurately reflected the tissue distribution of SPI3 in all organs tested and allowed precise comparisons of expression levels. Interestingly, retention of the neomycin cassette in targeted mice resulted in 2–10‐fold increases of GFP in leukocytes, but without affecting tissue‐specific expression patterns. This is the first example of selection cassette retention specifically increasing reporter gene expression in targeted mice and reinforces the view that selection cassettes must be removed to avoid confounding effects on reporter gene expression patterns. genesis 36:149–157, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutational analysis of loxP sites for efficient Cre‐mediated insertion into genomic DNA
Authors: Thomson James G. , Rucker Edmund B. , Piedrahita Jorge A. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractSummary: The Cre/loxP system has been used in transgenic models primarily to excise DNA flanked by loxP sites for gene deletion. However, the insertion reaction is more difficult to control since the excision event is kinetically favored. Mutant loxP sites favoring integration were identified using a novel, bacterial screening system. Utilizing λ integrase, mutant loxP sites were placed at the E. coli attB site and the excision‐insertion ratios of incoming DNA plasmids carrying a second, complementary mutant loxP site were determined. Comparison of 50 mutant loxP sites combinations to the native loxP site revealed that mutations to the inner 6 bp of the Cre binding domain severely inhibited recombination, while those in the outer 8 bps were more tolerated. The most efficient loxP combinations resulted in 1,421‐fold and 1,529‐fold increases in relative integration rates over wild‐type loxP sites. These loxP mutants could be exploited for site‐directed “tag and insert” recombination experiments. genesis 36:162–167, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modulation of neural activities by enhanced local selection in the processing of compound stimuli
Authors: Han Shihui , He Xun 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe global precedence effect refers to the findings that responses are faster to a global structure than to its local parts and local responses are slowed by incongruent global information. We recorded high‐density event‐related potentials (ERPs) to study the role of enhanced local selection in the global precedence effect. Hierarchical stimuli were compound letters in which the local letters were either identical (homogeneous stimuli) or the central local letter was brighter than (bright stimuli) or different in color from the others (red stimuli). Subjects were asked to attend to the pop‐out local letter of the red and bright stimuli during the local task whereas there was no such instruction for the homogeneous stimuli. Top‐down attention to the pop‐out local item weakened the global reaction time advantage and the interference effect. The enhanced local selection decreased the amplitude of an occipito‐temporal negativity between 240–360 msec but increased the amplitude of a frontal‐central negativity between 260–320 msec related to local processing. The incongruency between global and local letters enlarged the posterior N2 in the local condition and this effect was eliminated by enhanced local selection. These effects were evident regardless of whether the pop‐out local letter was defined by color or luminance difference. The results support the proposal that distinct neural mechanisms over the posterior and anterior areas are engaged in the selection process that contributes to local processing of compound stimuli. Hum. Brain Mapping 19:273–281, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Zero‐to‐Three diagnostic classification: A contribution to the validation of this classification from a sample of 85 under‐threes
Authors: Guédeney Nicole , Guédeney Antoine , Rabouam Catherine , Mintz Anne‐Sophie , Danon Gisèle , Moralès Huet Martine , Jacquemain Frédérique 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe goal of this article is to contribute to the validity of the Zero‐to‐Three diagnostic classification (DC: 0–3) by studying the range, the indices of consistency, the interjudge reliability, and the issue of comorbidity on Axis I. Eighty‐five consecutive children under three years of age and their families were assessed in six mental health centers with clinical interviews and developmental testing. Diagnoses on the five axes of the classification system were made after clinical consensus. The Task Force data record DC: 0–3 was completed for each subject. The use of the classification on a sample of 85 children showed good consistency between the different axes, moderate interjudge reliability, and a high percentage of associated diagnoses on Axis I. The DC: 0–3 appears to help the clinician catch the complexity of the clinical situation in planning the therapeutic strategy. However, the objectivity of the diagnostic criteria must be improved if this system is to be used in research settings. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
A five‐year Israeli experience with the DC: 0–3 classification system
Authors: Keren Miri , Feldman Ruth , Tyano Sam 
Published: July 2003

AbstractClinical and research experience with the DC: 0–3 classification in an Israeli infant mental health unit is presented in this article. The clinical use of the DC: 0–3 diagnoses is described in the context of our routine assessment process and basic theoretical approach. Reasons for referral and distribution of DC: 0–3 diagnoses of 414 infants and parents, assessed at the unit between the years 1996 and 2000, are shown. Twenty‐five percent had no diagnosis on any of the four axes, 29.5% of the infants had both a Primary and a Relational diagnosis, and only 5.6% had a diagnosis on each of the four axes. Less than half (45%) of the infants received a Primary diagnosis, and 52% had a Relational diagnosis. Possible explanations are given, and problems we faced with the use of the classification are described. Research use of the DC: 0–3 classification is illustrated through the summary of a previously published study on diagnoses and play and feeding interactions of referred and nonreferred infants. These research findings had significant implications for our clinical work, such as the validation of the training we gave community nurses, and the usefulness of the routine combined use of categorical and dimensional tools in a clinical setting. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Diagnostic classification: Results from a clinical experience of three years with DC: 0–3
Authors: Cordeiro Maria José , Da Silva Pedro Caldeira , Goldschmidt Teresa 
Published: July 2003

AbstractInfancy and early childhood are characterized by a dynamic and ever changing process. Since the beginning of their clinical work at the Infancy Unit, the authors were concerned with individual assessment and the questions about the role played by parents as well as by babies in pathology and intervention. In this article, the authors begin with a description of the path that led them to the selection of DC 0–3 as a diagnostic classification system and how this has been instrumental in helping them to better define infant psychopathology and guide them in treatment orientations. Next, they present the results of the application of Axis I and II of DC: 0–3 in their clinical population in the years 1997, 1998, and 1999. The objectives of this study were to learn more about the distribution of mental disorders in a clinical population up to four years of age. The authors attempted to separate infants at risk for developing psychic disorders from those presenting current psychopathology as well as the possible influence of demographic features on this distribution, to define a target population and design adapted therapeutic measures. The identification of these objectives provides the rationale for the use of a diagnostic tool, like DC: 0–3, which is essential to plan clinical activity, to evaluate therapeutic efficacy, and to develop specific programs. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Diagnostic boundaries between regulatory and multisystem developmental disorders: A clinical study
Authors: Cesari A. , Maestro S. , Cavallaro C. , Chilosi A. , Pecini C. , Pfanner L. , Muratori F. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe objective of the study was to define diagnostic boundaries between Regulatory Disorders (RD) and Multisystem Developmental Disorders (MSDD). Two groups of 15 subjects, between 20 and 36 months of age, diagnosed as RD or MSDD, according to DC: 0–3 (1994) criteria, were compared in relationship, linguistic, and behavioral profiles using specific instruments. The results showed that both RD and MSDD children were impaired on all linguistic measures with a higher significant impairment of MSDD for communicative gestures, spontaneous speech, and verbal comprehension. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) showed significant differences for withdrawn, and somatic problems. Only the MSDD group reached the clinical cutoff score in total problems, internalizing and withdrawn behaviors. A discriminate analysis showed that the number of communicative gestures and the scores on withdrawn and somatic problems correctly predicted in 86% of cases. It was concluded that RD and MSDD children show quantitative and qualitative differences in many of the linguistic, behavioral, and relational dimensions that were explored. These dimensions may facilitate the differential diagnosis of these disorders. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
The Zero‐to‐Three diagnostic classification in an infant mental health clinic: Its usefulness and challenges
Authors: Maldonado‐Durán Martín , Helmig Linda , Moody Chris , Fonagy Peter , Fulz Jim , Lartigue Teresa , Sauceda‐Garcia J. Manuel , Karacostas Velissarios , Millhuff Charles , Glinka Jill 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe clinical and practical experiences of a multidisciplinary infant mental health team using the DC: 0–3 Diagnostic Classification system are presented. Using data obtained from clinical in‐depth evaluations of 167 consecutive referred infants, the characteristics and clinical features of this sample of children and parents are examined. The principal issues are children and families' socioeconomic status, number and types of stressors, as well as the symptoms or difficulties exhibited by the infants themselves. A significant proportion of infants come from a deprived socioeconomic background, and many are exposed to violence in the home. The diagnoses given to infants and to the kind of relationship they have with the primary caregiver (Axes I and II) are presented, as well as data as to their physical status (Axis III) and stressors (Axis IV). Many children are diagnosed as having regulatory disturbances, predominantly of the hypersensitive and motorically disorganized type. A significant proportion of mothers exhibited depression. About a third of the babies and primary caregivers had a relationship disorder, the predominant category being the underinvolved type. The implications of these findings are discussed, emphasizing the usefulness and frequency of some categories, while questioning the usefulness of other diagnostic categories. The experience of the group contributes to a dialogue and database regarding the clinical usefulness and applicability of this diagnostic classification system. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Exploring psychopathology in early childhood: PTSD and attachment disorders in DC: 0–3 and DSM‐IV
Authors: Stafford Brian , Zeanah Charles H. , Scheeringa Michael 
Published: July 2003

AbstractStandard nosologies of psychiatric disorders have made preliminary efforts to accommodate developmental differences in symptom manifestation by young children. Significant gaps remain in the validation of disorders for this age group. The DC: 0–3 represents an alternative nosology for disorders of infancy that attempts to complement existing approaches and assist clinicians and researchers. In this commentary we review research on two disorders of early childhood—Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)—to illustrate the promises and problems of the DSM‐IV and DC: 0–3 approach to definition and conceptualization of these disorders. In addition we review what is known about RAD and PTSD with regard to key areas of controversy in early childhood psychopathology: (1) continuous versus categorical conceptualization, (2) developmental considerations, and (3) the relationship context. Recommendations are made for future editions of the DSM‐IV and DC: 0–3, as well as for validity research in early childhood disorders. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
DC: 0–3 Assessment Protocol Project: Defining a comprehensive information set to support DC: 0–3 diagnostic formulation
Authors: Weston Donna R. , Thomas Jean M. , Barnard Kathryn E. , Wieder Serena , Clark Roseanne , Carter Alice S. , Fenichel Emily 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe DC: 0–3 Assessment Protocol Project, an initiative of ZERO‐TO‐THREE's diagnostic classification task force, was undertaken in response to the need for an assessment strategy that would support DC: 0–3 diagnostic formulation for both clinicians and researchers. The Project Workgroup developed and pilot tested an assessment protocol that would: (1) define a sufficiently comprehensive information set to direct and organize observations for clinicians and researchers to systematically assign diagnoses and evaluate interrater agreement with respect to DC: 0–3 and DMS‐IV diagnoses; (2) be flexible enough for use in different settings; and (3) offer potential benefit to participating children and families. The DC: 0–3 Assessment Protocol employs observational strategies, multiple visits, and a multimethod approach to assessment that emphasizes the importance of obtaining information about how a young child's behavior varies across observational contexts and with different caregivers. Based on results of pilot testing the protocol, Workgroup members agreed on the need for futher clarification of the criteria for the diagnoses on Axis I, for differentiating Axis I disorders that reside in the child from Axis II disorders conceptualized as disrupted or disordered relationships, and on the need for refinement of Axis V. Implications for clinical practice, training, and research are discussed. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
DC: 0–3 in pediatric liaison work with early eating behavior disorders
Authors: Scheer Peter , Dunitz‐Scheer Marguerite , Schein Alexandra , Wilken Markus 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThis article highlights the use of the DC: 0–3 (Diagnostic Classification, Zero‐to‐Three, 1994) with respect to the special conditions of a hospital pediatric liaison service. The DC: 0–3 system itself has had a positive influence on the structure and quality of diagnostic assessment and the setup of treatment plans in this setting. We describe our experiences with DC: 0–3 in a special group of referred infants with severe eating behavior problems that involved approximately 80% of all liaison referrals and 60% of all outpatient referrals to our pediatric hospital. Most referrals involved requests for weaning infants from long term nasogastric‐(NG) and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy‐(PEG) tubes. Four clinical vignettes demonstrate the practical use of DC: 0–3 and its multiple axes in clinical situations. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.