bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nano-Fertilization of Phosphorous and Potassium, Spraying Sepehr 4 Nano-Fertilizer and Carbon Nanotubes on some Qualitative Traits and Active Substances in the Grains of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Najm Sahar Hamza , Al-Juthery Hayyawi Wewa Attia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the response of rice crop (Oryza satival L.), local variety Anbar 33, to nano-phosphorus and nano-potassium, spraying with carbon nanotubes and synthetic nano fertilizer Sepehr 4 (K+Fe+Zn+Mn). Some indicators of rice grains traits were used to evaluate the response. The field experiment was conducted in Al-Taliaah district 41-Al-Husseiniyah in the southern pater of Babylon Governorate - Iraq. The experiment was carried out according to the Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD), and the treatments were randomly distributed according to a straightforward one-way experiment. Phosphorus nano fertilizer at two levels 0 and 10 kg ha-1 and potassium nano fertilizer at two levels 0 and 10 kg ha-1, and the treatments of nanomaterials of carbon nanotubes 50 mg L-1 and Sepehr 4 fertilizer (K+Fe)+Zn+Mn, 2.5 ml L-1 it was sprayed on the shoots of plants. The applications were conducted four times of nanomaterials with combinations of foliar sprays and ground additives to the soil, so that the number of treatments is sixteen, with three repetitions. The results of the gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) presented that the treatment of N-K + (CNT) + Nano(K + Fe + Zn + Mn) potassium nano fertilizer, carbon nanotubes spraying and Sepehr 4 fertilizer K + Fe + Zn + Mn resulted in the highest percentage of the saturated fatty acid content of rice grains 2.16% and volatile oils 6.82%. The treatment of N-(P+K)+N-(K+Fe+Zn+Mn) phosphorus and potassium nano fertilizer and Sepehr 4 fertilizer resulted in the highest value in the content of palmitic acid, 26.41% in rice grains. The treatment of N-(P+K)+(CNT) +N-(IIII) phosphorus and potassium nano fertilizer and spraying carbon nanotubes fertilizer and Sepehr 4 fertilizer resulted in the highest content of rice grains of unsaturated oleic acid, 3.95%. N-K+ (CNT) Potassium nano fertilizer and carbon nanotube fertilizer spraying resulted in the highest value of rice grains’ unsaturated linoleic acid content, 6.94%.
Ber Bud Response to the Treatments with some Growth Regulators and Optimus Plus Nanofertilizer in Improving some Chemical Characteristics for cv.Tofahi
Authors: Al-Saadi Mohammed Qasim Karim , Al-Tamimi Harith Mahmoud Aziz 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The study was carried out in one of the private orchards located in Al-Khairat district Karbala Governorate during the growing season 2022, to study the Ber bud response to the treatments with some growth regulators (BA + NAA) in three concentrations (0, 40 + 20, 40 + 80 mg L-1) and its symbol (A0, A1, A2) And Optimus plus Nanofertilizer in three concentrations (0, 20, 40 mL-1) and its symbol (B0, B1, B2) in Improving Some Chemical Characteristics for cv.Tofahi, The experiment was designed with two workers according to the design of complete random sectors (RCBD) and prepared 5 seedlings for the experimental unit and three replicates. The results of the study showed that the dipping of grafting buds with a combination of growth regulators and A1 concentration led to a significant increase in the content of the leaves of total chlorophyll, carbohydrates, N, P, K, which amounted to (57.113 mg 100 g-1, 11.622 %, 1.881%, 1.553 %, 0.398 %). Compared to the control treatment respectively the addition of nanofertilizer Optimus plus at a concentration of B2 gave a significant increase in all the studied traits which amounted to (57.110 mg 100g-1, 11.489%, 1.870%, 1.555%, 0.398%) compared to the control treatment respectively. The bilateral interaction between the two study factors significantly affected all the studied characteristics, especially when the treatment (B2 A1) compared to the control treatment of the interference.
Effect of Corm Size, Aloe Vera Gel and Biofertilizers on the Growth of Freesia Plant Freesia hybrid L.
Authors: Mahmood Sheren Ghazi , Adil Asmaa Mohammed , Al-Taae Huda Hazim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in the plastic house of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering in the College of Agriculture and Forestry/University of Mosul. During the period from ((10/27/2021) to (7/22/2022) to study the effect of the size of corms, aloe vera gel, and bio fertilizers on the growth of the freesia plant. The experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design with three factors, which is the cultivation of freesia plants in large and small sizes and the treatment with three concentrations of aloe vera gel (zero - 25% - 50% - 100%) ml / liter, in addition to the comparison treatment, where the corms were immersed in distilled water only, and the two types of biological fertilizers, the first type represented by the fungal bio fertilizer Trichoderma harzinum (T-22) and Bio health, and the data were analyzed statistically using the SAS program, and the results were tested according to Dunkin’s multinomial test under the probability level of 5%. The results showed a significant superiority of the size of the treated corms in each of plant height, leaf area, The length of the main Inflorescence, and the number of florets on the main Inflorescence, which reached 23.08 cm, 79.21 cm2, 13.90 cm, and 9.09 florets, respectively, compared to the treated small corms, which amounted to 20.29 cm, 60.59cm2, 11.43cm, and 8.61 florets, as well as in the content of freesia leaves for each of nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbohydrates, at rates of 3.03%, 0.28%, and 0.57%, respectively, while no significant differences appeared in their content of potassium and chlorophyll compared to the standard treatment. And through the concentrations of the four aloe vera gels used, it became clear that the best one was with a concentration of 100% in each of the plant height, leaf area, The length of the main Inflorescence, and the number of florets on the main Inflorescence, which were 22.51 cm, 74.70 cm2, 13.50 cm, and 9.99 florets, respectively. In addition, the fourth concentration had an effective positive effect on the content of plant leaves of N, K, and P, at rates of 3.00%, 0.28%, and 0.93%, respectively. In each of the plant height and the number of florets on the main Inflorescence It turned out that the positive effect of bio health fertilizer it reached 25.58 cm and 10.13 florets, respectively, which differed significantly with fungal bio fertilizer (T-22), while there were no significant differences in the fertilizer treatments (bio fertilizers and bio health) in each of the leaf areas and the length of the stem.
Effect Add Different Concentrations of Organic, Inorganic, and Nano-Selenium to Diet of Broiler Chickens (Ross 308) that Exposed to Heat Stress on Certain Productive Traits
Authors: Kazem Saad Mohammed Hussein , Al-Khafaji Fadhil R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted at Al-Anwar Poultry Station in Babil Governorate Iraq for 35 days, from July 10, 2022 to August 17, 2022, in order to demonstrate the effects of supplementing broiler diets with varying concentrations of organic, inorganic and nano-selenium (Se) on certain production traits and under conditions of heat stress, 560 chicks of one day old (Ross 308) were used without identifying their sex and divided randomly into 7 transactions with 4 replicates for each transaction, and each replicate included 20 chicks. The first transaction, T1, was the control transaction without addition, and organic selenium was added in the second and third transactions (T2 and T3) at a concentration of 1 and 1.5 mg / kg, respectively, while the fourth and fifth transaction (T4 and T5) inorganic selenium was added at a concentration of 1 and 1. 5 mg / kg, respectively, while the sixth and seventh transaction (T6 and T7) included the addition of nano-Se at a concentration of 1 and 1.5 mg / kg, respectively. The results of the study showed the following: (1) Highly significant (P≤0.01) superiority of T2 transaction over all studied transactions in live body weight and overweight. (2) There was a significant (P≤0.01) superiority of the rate of feed consumption for the transactions T2, T5 over the T1, T3, T4, T6, T7. As for the food conversion coefficient, the transaction T4, T6 was more “significant” improvement at a level of (P≤0.01) than the rest of the transactions. The control transaction was the least improved transaction. (3)The data recorded a “significant” decrease for all addition transactions in the percentage of total deaths compared to the control transaction. T5 was similar to T1, but with a lower rate.
Effect of Adding Choline Chloride to the Diet in Milk Production of Holstein Cows
Authors: Mahmoud Eman Qais , Shwayel Mohammed Ahmed 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to show the effect of adding choline chloride to the feed on milk production during the summer in central Iraq. This study was conducted at Al-Khalis cows station in Diyala Governorate during the period from 21/6 to 21/9/2022, where 25 Holstein cows between the ages of 3-5 years used, the cows were divided into five treatments, so that treatment T1 represents the control treatment (without adding Choline chloride), while treatments T2 and T3 add untreated and formaldehyde-treated choline chloride, respectively, to the concentrated feed with an amount of 35 g /cow /day, T4 and T5 add untreated and formaldehyde-treated Choline chloride, respectively, with an amount of 70 g /cow /day, It is noted from the results that there is a significant effect of the treatment of adding Choline chloride treated with formaldehyde T3 during the ninth and thirteenth weeks in the daily milk. In the ninth week, the average milk production was 14.50 kg / cow/day compared to 9.88 kg/cow/day in the control treatment, and the rest of the treatments were T4 and T5 were 11.25 and 10.00 kg/cow/ day respectively. In the thirteenth week milk yield was 12.50 kg/cow/day compared to 7.20 kg/cow/day in the comparison treatment, and the rest of the treatments T2, T4, and T5 were 8.75, 8.50, and 8.60 kg/cow/day, respectively. While the monthly and total milk production and the amount of fat and protein in milk for cows, there were no significant differences between the treatments, we conclude from the current experiment that adding Choline chloride treated with formaldehyde in an amount of 35 g / cow/day to the feed increases the daily milk production in some weeks for this experiment in the season Summer when the average Temperature Humidity Index for this season is 79 and cows are under heat stress.
A First Record of Sphingobacterium thalpophilum Isolated from Coptodon zillii and Oreeochromis aureus in the Al-Diwaniya River/Iraq
Authors: Al-Jubouri Mohanad O. , Obead Walaa F. , Salman Sumod A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This investigation was done to determine whether C. zillii and O. aureus in the Al-Diwaniya Stream included every possibly harmful species of Gram-negative microbes. 100 C. zillii and 100 O. aureus fish samples were taken from the Al-Diwaniya River between Apr 2021 and Mar 2022. bacteria he was found us the VITEK 2 system. Here, we reported the discovery of S. thalpophilum, which was isolated from the intestine, fins, and gills of C. zillii and O. aureus, for the first time in Iraq. S. thalpophilum were found in C. zillii with a different proportion as follows: skin 1%, gills 70%, fins 24%, and intestine 5%; and in O. aureus with a different percentage as follows: skin 1%, gills 49%, fins 30%, and intestine 20%. Additionally, the VITEK 2 system was utilized to antibiotic sensitivity. The findings showed that the bacteria were susceptible to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of imipenem, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin (0.25 g/ml), as well as to S. thalpophilum, but resistant to cefazolin (>= 61 g/ml).
The First Recording of Blue Pea Butterfly, Lampides boeticus L. on Ziziphus Spina-christi Trees in Nineveh Governorate
Authors: Al-Jalal Haitham Mohieldin Muhammad , Yahya Wafaa Abid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The larvae of the blue pea butterfly, Lampedies boeticus L., were observed for the first time feeding on
Ziziphus spina-christi
leaves in 2020 in the gardens of Mosul University / Nineveh Governorate. The larvae feed on the lower surface layer of the leaves, leaving the feeding places in the form of transparent linear spots. The leaf may be stripped of its green area when the infection intensifies and eventually leads to its fall. The rate and severity of leaf injury varied during the months of the year and reached its peak in November with an average of 61.42% and 20.06 linear/leaf spots, respectively, while the injury rate of leaf and severity were the lowest in May with an average of 2.47%, 0, 61 linear spots/leaf. The results also showed that the southern and eastern directions of the tree were the most preferred for the insect, as the average rates of leaf infestation were 22,84, 22.12%, respectively. The mid-site leaves on the stem were the most affected by the feeding of butterfly larvae, with a severity of 7.08 linear spot/leaf.
Response of Forage Yield and Quality of Oats (Avena sativa L.) to Planting Distances and Mowing Dates
Authors: Abood Nihad M. , Alkaisy Abed Ul-Lateef Mahmood , Neamah Shamil I. , Saleh Baraa H. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out during the winter season of 2020-2021 in the Habbaniyah district, west of Baghdad, to study the response of forage yield and quality of oats Avena sativa L. var. Shifaa to planting distances and mowing dates. A split plots arrangement according to the RCBD at three replications was used. The main plots included planting distances, while the subplots included the mowing dates. The study’s results indicated that the planting distance of 25 cm between lines was significantly superior in the green forage yield and fiber percentage 12.00 ton ha-1 and 37.61%, respectively. In comparison, the planting distance of 20 cm between lines was significantly superior in the protein percentage 12.34%. As for the mowing dates, the mowing after 70 days was selected substantially in the forage yield and fiber percentage. The mowing after 50 days was significantly superior in protein percentage 12.28%. The interaction between studied factors significantly affected the most studied traits.
Evaluation of Cotton Genotypes Through the Selection Index Technique
Authors: Omar Abdullah Moayad , Al-Zubaidy Khalid Mohammed Dawod , Al-Taweel Muhammed Subhi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Eight upland cotton genotypes introduced from different origins (BA440, FLASH, EDESSA, SPERO, IK259, W888, MONTANA and CANDIA) in addition to the two local cultivars (Coker 310 and Lachata) were cultivated on April 22 and 23, 2022 in the Rahmaniyah region at levels (0, 1, 2, and 3 g/liter). l) of nano-chelated NPK 20-20-20 under drip irrigation conditions, and using a randomized complete block design with three replications, in order to evaluate it by creating multiple selection indices and to estimate the expected increase in seed cotton yield. The results of the analysis of variance for the studied traits (seed cotton yield, plant height, number of fruiting per plant, number of bolls per plant, average boll weight, seed index, and lint index) showed that the mean square of genotypes and levels of nano-fertilizer and their interaction was highly significant for all traits except seed index in case of nano-fertilizer levels. The selection index that included the two traits of plant height and number of bolls per plant was characterized by a high increase in efficiency compared to direct selection of the seed cotton yield, indicating the importance of selection by adopting the selection index for several traits. This selection index in the current study was considered the best due to its high efficiency, and by adopting it in evaluating the genotypes, it was found that the highest mean of the index was 7.689 for the CANDIA genotype, with a significant difference from most other genotypes, followed by the FLASH and BA440 genotypes. The sequence of local varieties adopted in the study (Coker 310 and Lachata) in terms of performance was 10 and 7, respectively. It appeared that six introduced genotypes were superior to the best local cultivars (Lachata), and all introduced genotypes were higher than the least performing local variety (Coker 310).
Contribute to Know the Enzymes that Secreted by Trichoderma viride and its Spores Loaded by Alginic Acid on Cucumber Seeds
Authors: Radhi Mohammed Naithel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Trichoderma species are utilized as a biological fungicide in agriculture due to their great antagonistic ability. Additionally, they can increase nutrient uptake, fertility, stress resistance, and plant development. They are also opportunistic and symbiotic infections, which may cause plant defense systems to become active. There is a need to reveal the molecular underpinnings of the disease resistance that Trichoderma induces despite research documenting its biocontrol effectiveness against fungal diseases. Therefore, the objective of the current investigation was to identify the fungus-secreted enzymes and its spores loaded by alginic acid on cucumber seeds
Carbonitriding Effect on Fatigue Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Steel Beam
Authors: Nasser Sajad H. , Bader Qasim H. , Mohammad Ahmed J. , Al-Shammari Mohsin Abdullah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This work deals with the influence of carbonitriding on the fatigue behavior of notched beam (v-notch) with a depth of 1mm and an angle of 45° is studded. The experimental work include mechanical tests, heat treatments and fatigue test. The heat treatment is done by using carbonitriding at a constant temperature of 800 °C, and soaking time variation 30, 60, and 90 minutes, then followed after treatment by quenching of water and tempering process. The experimental fatigue test results of this work affected by soaking time. The fatigue test has been performed on a cantilever rotating-bending samples. The result shows that the fatigue strength and lifetime increased with increasing soaking time. It is found that The Fatigue Life Improvement Factor (FLIF) at time 30, 60 and 90 minutes for notched beam (v-notch) was increasing by 11.3%, 18.6% and 20.2% respectively with respect to un-treat specimens.
Requirements for Developing Farmers’ Capabilities in the Field of Fodder Crops Cultivation in the Side of Rusafa / Baghdad Governorate
Authors: Armsh Ali Hanon , Ali Najwa S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The current research aims to Identify the requirements for developing the capabilities of farmers in the field of fodder crops cultivation in the side of Rusafa / Baghdad Governorate, Where the research community included all the agricultural divisions of the Directorate of Agriculture in Baghdad Governorate / Rusafa and they are (5) agricultural divisions and a random sample was taken from them at a rate of 50% and it was (3) agricultural divisions, A proportional stratified random sample of fodder crop farmers was taken by 40% from each agricultural division and their total became (145) farmers, the research data was collected using a questionnaire that included 43 paragraph distributed in (4) fields, the data was analyzed using the spss statistical analysis program, as well as the use of manual analysis using the Vakronbach coefficient, the weighted mean, the hypothetical mean and weight percentile, the research results are shown that the field of requirements for developing the capabilities of farmers to cultivate and serve the crop gets the first order with a weighted mean of (3.40) degrees and a weight percentile of (85) degrees, followed by the field of requirements for developing the capabilities of farmers for creativity in the field of fodder crops cultivation with a weighted mean of (3.37) degrees and a weight percentile of (84.25) degrees, then the field of requirements for developing the capabilities of farmers To face the problems with a weighted mean of (3.33) degrees and a weight percentile of (83.25), as for the field of requirements for developing the capabilities of farmers to communicate with extension and service institutions, it came at the last level with a weighted mean of (3.31) degrees and a weight percentile of (82.75).) degree, We conclude from this the agreement of all respondents on the fields and paragraphs of the questionnaire and the importance of the requirements for developing the capabilities of farmers to improve the field of fodder crops cultivation and their productivity, and therefore the researcher recommended the need for more efforts from the responsible authorities represented by the Ministry of Agriculture and its institutions to adopt this study and work to meet Requirements for developing the capabilities of farmers in the field of fodder crops cultivation through the preparation and implementation of specialized programs, and the need to intensify extension activities (training courses, extension seminars, demonstration fields) and work on communication and exchange of visits with farmers.
Evaluation of the Providing Extension Services to Vegetable Growers in the Field of Rationalizing Irrigation Water in Baghdad Province
Authors: Eskander Wasan Wadeea 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The aim of research is to Evaluating the extension service provided to vegetable growers in the field of rationalizing irrigation water, as well as identifying the problems facing vegetable growers in this field. The Baghdad governorate was chosen as a region to conduct the research because it is one of the governorates that are interested in growing vegetable crops. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, a plan was prepared as a result of the evaluation study of the extension service an introduction to vegetable growers in the field of irrigation water rationalization, consisting of 47 paragraphs distributed over 5 areas (Organization, Planning, Implementation, Monitoring, and Evaluation). A random sample of 50 vegetable growers was selected at a rate of 2% of the total vegetable growers in the research governorate, totaling 3350 farmers, to study the problems they face in the field of rationalizing irrigation water according to a quartet scale consisting of 30 items distributed over 5 areas: (climatic problems, financial problems, technology problems, extension activities problems, equipment problems). The research concluded that there is a weakness in the extension service provided to vegetable growers in the field of rationalizing irrigation water, as well as the absence of effective plans strategies by the relevant authorities in facing the problem of scarcity of irrigation water and the advancement of the agricultural reality in the country, and accordingly the researcher recommends the relevant authorities to achieve food security and security water sector by developing long-term strategies to confront climatic changes that have a direct impact on the problem of water scarcity in the country.