bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Emergence of Metabolism
Authors: Morowitz Harold J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Toward the end of the accretion period, the Earth was still occasionally subject to large meteoritic impacts that boiled away the oceans into cloud layers that subsequently precipitated. The planetary surface, as we have noted, organized into a rocky lithosphere and a liquid hydrosphere. These were surrounded by a gaseous shell, the atmosphere. Beneath the lithosphere was a shell of hot magma that occasionally broke through the shell as a volcano or oozed out between spreading plates. Most of the surface was probably covered with water that constantly evaporated, collected in clouds and fell as snow, sleet, or rain. The atmosphere was largely nitrogen with small amounts of reductants such as hydrogen and variable quantities of CO2. At this stage there was little or no oxygen in the atmosphere.
Cells with Organelles
Authors: Morowitz Harold J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Along the evolutionary pathways, there are points where splits appear in the tree of life that shape all subsequent development. In this chapter we will first discuss such a bifurcation between the two kinds of prokaryotes that have emerged, archea and eubacteria. Subsequently, in another branching, the eukaryotes formed from the prokaryotes by various processes of combination of members of archea and eubacteria. The unicellular eukaryotes, the protoctista, then gave rise to the multicellular eukaryotes, the plants, fungi, and animals. Somewhere along the later evolution of animals, a split occurs, giving rise to the protostomes and deuterostomes. The first of this group of major evolutionary divides is deep within the prokaryotes or bacteria. These are the simplest extant cells, and their universal features probably preserve aspects of the earliest prokaryotes.
Animalness
Authors: Morowitz Harold J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The early phase of multicellularity probably started with a somewhat colonial-type organism such as the sponge (Porifera). Even these relatively simple-looking organisms have several cell types and a life cycle including development of sperm and eggs, fertilization, the development of motile larval forms, and finally the attachment of the larvae to surfaces followed by the growth of adult sponges. Strange as it may seem, organisms like sponges were probably our earliest multicellular animal ancestors.
Reptiles
Authors: Morowitz Harold J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the discussion of amphibians, we noted the transition from water-dwelling to land-dwelling taxa. In almost every major extant group there are organisms that spend their time on the lithosphere, in the hydrosphere, and in the atmosphere. Thus, while reptiles arose from amphibians as an adaptation to living on land, various groups such as the crocodilians have evolved to be primarily water-dwellers. So also with the mammals: the hippopotamuses have evolved to be partially aquatic, and the cetaceans, originally terrestrial, are almost entirely aquatic.
Primates
Authors: Morowitz Harold J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Primates appeared on the scene about 65 to 70 million years ago, descendants of arboreal insectivores. They have been extraordinarily successful, giving rise to a large number of species, including some of the most interesting to study. The same basic body plan has been maintained from the 100-gram mouse lemur to the 200-kilogram male gorilla. They inhabit almost all of the tropical world and much of the temperate world.
Agriculture
Authors: Morowitz Harold J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At Jericho in the Jordan Valley is a mound, called a tel, built up over the Old City and comprising at least 25 layers of civilization. Near the bottom are remains of a farming village 10,000 years old. Jericho has the oldest remains of an agricultural society emerging from hunter-gatherers. The transition from the earlier to the later form of civilization could only have occupied a few hundred years, yet forever changed how humans live. It was truly a watershed event, yet not a unique one.
The Spirit
Authors: Morowitz Harold J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To generalize our understanding of the past 10,000 years, we follow the suggestions from Teilhard de Chardin. Teilhard argues that the emergence of mind along the evolutionary pathway of the hominids was as globally significant as had been the origin of life. Our epistemological discussion certainly reinforces this point. And just as life has spread out and covered the planet, he reasoned that mind also was globalized; just as life gave rise to the biosphere as its planetary embodiment, mind gave rise to the “noosphere,” the collective mental activity of Homo sapiens.
Introduction: Uncovering Her Story
Authors: Fontijn Claire 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The immortal fame of Your Majesty’ s most glorious name, instilled in my heart since childhood, made me decide to leave my country, family, and friends to come and bow down before so great a monarch. I arrived at this royal court already many years ago where, by my fate, it was presented to Your Majesty that I had some talent in singing and you were willing to listen to me; learning that I had been abandoned by the person who took me away from Venice, Your Majesty was so kind as to reward me with a pension, with which I could stay in the community of Notre Dame de Bonne Nouvelle, until the occasion arose to put me in a more suitable place. Now in this holy refuge, obtained through the magnificence of Your Majesty, I have made some compositions in music; I come to deliver them at your royal feet as a most reverent tribute of my immense obligation. I beg you most humbly to accept them with your customary royal kindness and to you I make my deepest bow.
Our Lady Of Good News
Authors: Fontijn Claire 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Antonia Bembo’ s departure from Venice in the winter of 1676-1677 effectively sealed her fate and future life in France. Two decades later, she would write that, when she first came to Paris, she lived in the neighborhood of “Notre Dame de Bonne Nouvelle”—”Our Lady of Good News”—and that a royal pension subsequently provided her “a more suitable place” in a “holy refuge”. This chapter furthers the hypothesis that Corbetta not only helped her to escape but also introduced her to King Louis XIV and arranged for her first to live with fellow Italian expatriates in Paris. Five years later, she would move to her definitive home at the Petite Union Chrétienne, a semi-cloistered women’ s community associated with the church of Notre Dame de Bonne Nouvelle. The Comédie Italienne and the Petite Union Chrétienne belonged to the same neighborhood: the paroisse of Notre Dame de Bonne Nouvelle, circumscribed at the western edge of the city by the Porte Saint Denis and leading along rue Saint Denis to the rue du Petit Lion to the northeast, and by rue Poissonnière to the southeast.
Neuroimaging
Authors: Filley Christopher M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since the emergence of neurology as a clinical discipline in the nineteenth century, no more revolutionary development has occurred than the advance of neuroimaging in the past three decades. The classic clinical techniques of neurology have been greatly augmented by the capacity to view the brain directly during life with the use of noninvasive, safe, and readily available instruments. In addition, a host of new techniques currently evolving promise to enhance research on the structure and function of the brain in health and disease (Mazziotta, 2000). One of the areas that has been particularly advanced is the understanding of white matter, as modern techniques have allowed for increasingly detailed and precise imaging of this component of the brain (Grossman, 1998; Barkovich, 2000). In this chapter, the contemporary status of white matter neuroimaging is reviewed, as well as new directions in which this fast moving field is proceeding.
The Sense of an Ending
Authors: Kermode Frank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Frank Kermode is one of our most distinguished and beloved critics of English literature. Here, he contributes a new epilogue to his collection of classic lectures on the relationship of fiction to age-old concepts of apocalyptic chaos and crisis. Prompted by the approach of the millennium, he revisits the book which brings his highly concentrated insights to bear on some of the most unyielding philosophical and aesthetic enigmas. Examining the works of writers from Plato to William Burroughs, Kermode shows how they have persistently imposed their "fictions" upon the face of eternity and how these have reflected the apocalyptic spirit. Kermode then discusses literature at a time when new fictive explanations, as used by Spenser and Shakespeare, were being devised to fit a world of uncertain beginning and end. He goes on to deal perceptively with modern literature - with "traditionalists" such as Yeats, Eliot, and Joyce, as well as contemporary "schismatics," the French "new novelists," and such seminal figures as Jean-Paul Sartre and Samuel Beckett. Whether weighing the difference between modern and earlier modes of apocalyptic thought, considering the degeneration of fiction into myth, or commenting on the vogue of the Absurd, Kermode is distinctly lucid, persuasive, witty, and prodigal of ideas.
Procedure and Substance in Deliberative Democracy
Authors: Cohen Joshua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The fundamental idea of democratic legitimacy is that the authorization to exercise state power must arise from the collective decisions of the members of a society who are governed by that power. More precisely-and stated with attention to democracy’s institutional character—it arises from the discussions and decisions of members, as made within and expressed through social and political institutions designed to acknowledge their collective authority. That is an abstract statement of the concept of democracy, and deliberately so. Democracy comes in many forms, and more determinate conceptions of it depend on an account of membership in the people and, correspondingly, what it takes for a decision to be collective—made by citizens “as a body.”
Take a political community in which adherence to a comprehensive moral or religious doctrine, perhaps rooted in national tradition, is a condition of full membership.
An Argument for Democratic Equality
Authors: Christiano Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Society is organized by terms of association by which all are bound. The problem is to determine who has the right to define these terms of association. Democrats state that only the people have a right to rule over the society. And they argue that citizens ought to be equals in important respects in making these decisions. What is the basis of these views? We have seen that liberty accounts of democracy fail to provide a thorough understanding of the foundations of democratic decision making. In large part this failure is due to the dependence of these conceptions on consensus within the society. They are unable to account for the basic democratic principle that when there are dis­ agreements over what the terms of association are to be, that view that secures support from a majority of the citizens ought to be chosen. This is the problem of incompatibility. These theories also fail to account for the interests persons have in democratic decision making that explain why a person ought to be allotted equal shares in political rule. This is the problem of trade-offs.
Beyond Fairness and Deliberation: The Epistemic Dimension of Democratic Authority
Authors: Estlund David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Assume that for many choices faced by a political community, some alternatives are better than others by standards that are in some way objective. (For example, suppose that progressive income tax rates are more just than a flat rate, even after considering effects on efficiency). If so, it must count in favor of a social decision procedure that it tends to produce the better decision. On the other hand, there is wide disagreement about what justice requires, and no citizen is required to defer to the expertise or authority of any other. Thus, normative democratic theory has largely proceeded on the assumption that the most that can be said for a legitimate democratic decision is that it was produced by a procedure that treats voters equally in certain ways. The merits of democratic decisions are held to be in their past.
One sort of theory treats every voter’s views as equally valid from a political point of view and promises only the procedural value of equal power over the outcome.
Democracy and Difference: Some Problems for Feminist Theory
Authors: Phillips Anne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Feminists have challenged the proclaimed gender neutrality of “malestream” political thought, they have frequently lighted on the abstract individualism of supposedly ungendered citizens as a target for their critique. In Zillah Eisenstein’s The Female Body and The Law, this provides the starting point for a new theory of equality that no longer relies on us being treated the same; in Carole Pateman’s The Sexual Contract it underpins a critique of contractual models as necessarily premised on a masculine notion of the body as separable from the self; in Susan Moller Okin’s justice, Gender and the Family it is developed into a vision of a genderless society as the precondition for fully just relations.
My concern here is with the further implications for democracy, and more specifically, with the arguments that subsequently open up over group identities and group representation. The feminist challenge to the abstract, degendered individual has combined with the earlier critique of those who took class as the only or only interesting social divide, to usher in a new politics based around heterogeneity and difference.
Introduction
Authors: Lange Barbara Rose 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As I arrived early one Sunday morning in 1990 at the small meeting room of the Isten Gyillekezet (Assembly of God) in Pees, Hungary, it was crowded with church members. Greeting each other with the word “peace” (bekesseg), a handshake, and kisses, they hung their coats in the tiny anteroom and went into the worship hall, where the congregation was already singing. The tightly ranked rows of wooden chairs with home-sewn cushions filled up with stout women and children in skirts, sweaters, and kerchiefs of neutral colors. I sat in the second row next to Sister Annus, a believer in her midsixties.
Mediating Moralities: An Ethnographer’ s Interpretation
Authors: Lange Barbara Rose 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A few weeks after I had started to attend church meetings at the JG, Brother Horváth asked me to teach score reading to the congregation. I was surprised, since I had explained my goal of researching the church’s music in a letter to him. At first I believed he simply had not understood what I intended to do as an ethnographer by interviewing church members and attending services. I later came to see his request as an indication that there were contrasting conceptions of leadership in the church community. I had anticipated a different challenge, crossing the divide between believer and nonbeliever.
Space Physiology
Authors: Buckey Jay C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The success of any space flight mission depends not only on advanced technology but also on the health and well-being of crew members. This book, written by an astronaut physician, is the first practical guide to maintaining crew members health in space. It combines research results with practical advice on such problems as bone loss, kidney stones, muscle wasting, motion sickness, loss of balance, orthostatic intolerance, weight loss, and excessive radiation exposure. Additional topics include pre-flight preparation, relevant gender differences, long-duration medical planning, post-flight rehabilitation, and the physiology of extra-vehicular activity. Designed as a handbook for space crews, this text is also an invaluable tool for all the engineers, medical personnel, and scientists who plan and execute space missions.
Functional Neuroimaging of Cognition
Authors: Devinsky Orrin , D’esposito Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Neuroimaging has revolutionized the study of behavioral neurology and cognitive neuroscience. Early studies of brain-behavior relationships relied on a precise neurological examination for hypothesizing the site of brain damage responsible for a given behavioral syndrome. For instance, the association of non-fluent aphasia with right-sided hemiparesis implicated the left hemisphere as the site of language abilities. Clinic-opathological correlations were the earliest means of obtaining information about the site of damage causing a specific neurobehavioral syndrome. In 1861, Paul Broca’s observations of non-fluent aphasia in the setting of a damaged left inferior frontal gyms cemented the belief that this brain region was critical for speech output (Fig. 2-1).
Motor System and Behavior
Authors: Devinsky Orrin , D’esposito Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Behavioral output is expressed through movement and autonomic activity. Motor behavior varies from the hard-wired reflexes and species-specific responses to environmental stimuli to the creative genius of athletes and musicians. Many preprogrammed motor acts involve coordinated skeleton motor and autonomic responses. For example, the emotional expression of fear evokes a characteristic facial expression, as well as tachycardia and diaphoresis. Complex movements involve sequential planned actions that require widespread cortical and subcortical network interactions. Motor behavior is impaired by dysfunction at disparate sites ranging from cortical areas, such as the primary sensorimotor and sensorimotor association cortices, to subcortical areas, such as the basal ganglia and cerebellum.
Euploid and Aneuploid Diversification within Genera
Authors: Levin Donald A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chromosomal diversification within genera has been a focal point of plant evolutionary studies. There are two prime reasons for this interest. First, chromosomal change imparts a partial or complete barrier to interspecific gene exchange. Second, chromosomal traits may provide clues to the relationships of species. A considerable amount has been written about the nature of chromosomal change. This chapter deals with alterations in the chromosome complement that are due to chromosomal rearrangements or an increase or decrease in genome size. Changes in chromosome numbers. due to rearrangements are discussed below, whereas those related to polyploidy are discussed in chapter 6.
Debating the Past
Authors: Romero Raul R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This volume examines how the search for "cultural authenticity," the dispute over the past, and the role of "modernity" have been instrumental in building the regional musical culture of the Mantaro Valley, a central Peruvian region with about half a million inhabitants. How these people have addressed concerns over the loss of ancient traditions by restructuring colonial and pre-Hispanic traditions into new contexts and forms is explored. Covering private and public music making, along with ritual, ceremonial, and popular uses of music, Romero studies the interaction of music and identity. The book is concerned with a modern regional culture, situated and defined in the context of an emergent nation, which is struggling to build a distinct cultural identity and to recreate values.
The Green Health Center
Authors: Pierce Jessica , Jameton Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What would it be like to establish environmentally sound and sustainable healthcare institutions in the United States? What services would ecologically friendly medicine offer? On what scale? What might its guiding ethical principles be? By developing a hypothetical mission statement and ethical principles for an environmentally sound health-care institution-a “Green Health Center” (GHC)we can focus on many of the issues that need to be considered in redesigning health care. We can also begin to test, with a concrete (albeit imaginary) example, how to think of an environmentally sound and ethically responsible health care system.
New Ways of Thinking About Bioethics
Authors: Pierce Jessica , Jameton Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since the field of bioethics emerged some four decades ago, much has changed in the world of health care and in the larger world that health care serves. The most important of these changes-the increasingly stressed state of the global ecosystem and the attendant decline in both ecosystem and human health-have immense relevance to health care. In its 40-year life, bioethics has proven itself a resilient and responsive field, able to stay abreast of the moral dimensions of technological and organizational changes within medicine. Mirroring the insularity of medicine, however, bioethics so far has not integrated environmental concerns into its dominant theoretical approaches. Nevertheless, we are hopeful that it will continue to transform its ways of thinking, and that it will become a vocal public advocate for the movement toward sustainable health by drawing forth the profound connections between health and the natural world.
August 12 Voices in the Dark
Authors: Suskin Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The new Broadway season. Excitement reigns along Shubert Alley; enthusiasm and expectations run rampant. Critics and autograph hounds sharpen their pencils, usherettes air out their white collars, and theatre lobby bartenders practice their noise-making techniques. Car service limos barricade the sidewalks, pushcart men dust off their pretzels, ticket scalpers dance in the streets on their cell phones, and eager out-of-work actors crowd the Equity lounge hoping to scare up complimentary tickets. The lights slowly dim as the curtain rises on a brilliant new American play.
October 21 Saturday Night Fever
Authors: Suskin Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Back in the dark ages of American musical comedy, the chorus would come on and do a production number, then the actors would come out and read a book scene, then a principal or two would do a song and dance, then another book scene, and so on. All these songs and scenes and tunes and jokes were often turned out by a dozen or more writers; ideally, enough stuff “scored” to make the audiences happy. The more accomplished writers eventually insisted that collaborators be limited, but there was still, typically, a gulf between what happened in the songs and what happened when the actors started talking.
November 3 Sail Away
Authors: Suskin Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Norman Nadel, the musically perceptive drama critic of the old World-Telegram & Sun, remarked that Noël Coward’s 1961 musical Sail Away “easily could have qualified as the musical of the year if it had opened in 1936.” Performed on the cusp of Sir Noël’s hundredth birthday, it seemed to be at least 101 years old. This was a concert version not unlike those at City Center Encores!, but very much unlike those at Encores! While the two annual series seem to have started with the same mission, City Center’s relatively enormous size— in both capacity and stage space— has encouraged Encores! to move toward fully staged and choreographed shows, with stylish set pieces and increasingly complex costuming. Carnegie Hall’s rooftop Weill Recital Hall has a tiny stage that is necessarily crammed by a full-sized Broadway pit orchestra, leaving the cast lined up in a row of chairs along the apron.