bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the relationship between Ki67 expression level and neoadjuvant treatment response and prognosis in breast cancer based on the Neo-Bioscore staging system
Authors: Sullu Yurdanur , Tomak Leman , Demirag Guzin , Kuru Bekir , Ozen Necati , Karagoz Filiz 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is widely used in the treatment of primary breast cancer. Different staging systems have been developed to evaluate the residual tumor after NAC and classify patients into different prognostic groups. Ki67, a proliferation marker, has been shown to be useful in predicting treatment response and prognosis. We aimed to investigate the prognostic importance Neo-Bioscore stage and pretreatment and posttreatment Ki67 levels in breast cancer patients who received NAC and correlations between Neo-Bioscore stage and pretreatment and posttreatment Ki67 levels.

Methods
A total of 176 invasive breast carcinoma patients who underwent NAC were included in the study. Ki67 levels were evaluated by immunohistochemical methods in Trucut biopsy and surgical excision specimens. Patients were classified into prognostic groups using the Neo-Bioscore staging system.

Results
Patients with high pretreatment Ki67 score were more likely to be in the higher Neo-Bioscore risk group (p < 0.001). Patients with a high posttreatment Ki67 score were more likely to be in the higher Neo-Bioscore prognostic risk group (p < 0.001). Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were shorter in patients with high posttreatment Ki67 scores and in patients in the higher Neo-Bioscore risk group. We also determined a cutoff 37% for pathological complete response.

Conclusion
Neo-Bioscore staging system is found to be important in predicting survival. The posttreatment Ki67 level is more important than pretreatment Ki67 level in predicting survival.
An overview of the use of the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) in osteoporosis
Authors: Schini M. , Johansson H. , Harvey N. C. , Lorentzon M. , Kanis J. A. , McCloskey E. V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFRAX®, a simple-to-use fracture risk calculator, was first released in 2008 and since then has been used increasingly worldwide. By calculating the 10-year probabilities of a major osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture, it assists clinicians when deciding whether further investigation, for example a bone mineral density measurement (BMD), and/or treatment is needed to prevent future fractures. In this review, we explore the literature around osteoporosis and how FRAX has changed its management. We present the characteristics of this tool and describe the use of thresholds (diagnostic and therapeutic). We also present arguments as to why screening with FRAX should be considered. FRAX has several limitations which are described in this review. This review coincides with the release of a version, FRAXplus, which addresses some of these limitations.
On a Non-local Sobolev–Galpern-Type Equation Associated with Random Noise
Authors: Le Dinh Long , Nguyen Duc Phuong , Ragusa Maria Alessandra 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to retrieve the initial value for a non-local fractional Sobolev–Galpern problem. The given data are subject to noise by the discrete random model. We show that the solution to the problem is ill-posed in the sense of Hadamard. In this paper, we applied the Fourier truncation method to construct the regularized solution. We estimate the convergence between the solution and the regularized solution. In addition, the numerical example is also proposed to assess the efficiency of the theory.
Regional evaluation method of ground stress in shale oil reservoirs-taking the Triassic Yanchang formation in northern Shaanxi area as an example
Authors: Hou Bing , Wang Yizhao , Zhang Yu , You Yuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEstimating in-situ stress in shale oil reservoirs is critical for predicting hydraulic fracture height. However, the varied longitudinal lithology and transverse isotropy challenge the regional evaluation of ground stress. A new method based on the Kaiser effect method and the Sn Model was proposed to evaluate regional ground stress from point to point. Kaiser tests obtained the regional tectonic stress coefficients. Combined with the dynamic and static transformation of elastic parameters, the Sn ground stress calculation model suitable for the Northern Shaanxi Area was constructed. According to the calculation results of ground stress in the Chang 7 section of 600 wells in this region, the plane distribution maps of maximum horizontal ground stress (SH) and the difference between SH and Minimum horizontal stress (Sh) were drawn. It was found that the SH in this area was between 20 and 60 MPa, and the So was between 2.6 and 8.8 MPa. Compared with the 3D finite element method simulation results, the forward modeling results coincided well with the inversion results in this research. The causes of the plane distribution of ground stress in the Chang 7 section were explained by regional tectonic stress and paleo topography. It was found that the movement of plate and shell and deposition were critical factors of regional ground stress distribution. The research results provide a reference for further integration of geologic and engineering in evaluating shale oil reservoirs.
Solidification of the Ni-based superalloy CMSX-4 simulated with full complexity in 3-dimensions
Authors: Uddagiri Murali , Shchyglo Oleg , Steinbach Ingo , Tegeler Marvin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this work, we present phase-field (PF) simulations directly coupled to thermodynamic and kinetic databases in three dimensions. The direct coupling allows consideration of the full alloy complexity of the CMSX-4 superalloy over a large range of temperatures. The simulation conditions are chosen for additive manufacturing utilizing Electron Beam Melting (EBM). Transformation of interdendritic liquid into eutectic $$\gamma '$$

γ
′

is considered. The simulation results confirm the unique segregation behavior of all the alloying elements. It is demonstrated that the treatment of the full complexity of alloy composition is superior to all approximations with quasi-binary or -ternary approximation and justifies the significantly increased computational effort. Our results demonstrate that multi-component simulations must become a standard for phase-field applications to real material systems.
Time series adversarial attacks: an investigation of smooth perturbations and defense approaches
Authors: Pialla Gautier , Ismail Fawaz Hassan , Devanne Maxime , Weber Jonathan , Idoumghar Lhassane , Muller Pierre-Alain , Bergmeir Christoph , Schmidt Daniel F. , Webb Geoffrey I. , Forestier Germain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Adversarial attacks represent a threat to every deep neural network. They are particularly effective if they can perturb a given model while remaining undetectable. They have been initially introduced for image classifiers, and are well studied for this task. For time series, few attacks have yet been proposed. Most that have are adaptations of attacks previously proposed for image classifiers. Although these attacks are effective, they generate perturbations containing clearly discernible patterns such as sawtooth and spikes. Adversarial patterns are not perceptible on images, but the attacks proposed to date are readily perceptible in the case of time series. In order to generate stealthier adversarial attacks for time series, we propose a new attack that produces smoother perturbations. We introduced a function to measure the smoothness for time series. Using it, we find that smooth perturbations are harder to detect both visually, by the naked eye and by deep learning models. We also show two ways of protection against adversarial attacks: the first one by detecting the attacks using a deep model; the second one by using adversarial training to improve the robustness of a model against a specific attack, thus making it less vulnerable.
Finite element analysis of a 108-year-old unreinforced brick masonry tower following the 2015 Nepal earthquakes
Authors: Kumar Ambareesh , Pallav Kumar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAfter a visual inspection following the 2015 Nepal earthquakes, a finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted on a 108-year-old unreinforced brick masonry tower. The focus of study was on the brick masonry clock tower standing at a height of 30.48 m on the Senate Hall (SH) building of Allahabad University in India. This tower, which spans five storeys and features a rectangular cross-sectional shape, exhibits substantial cracks and material degradation across its connections and binding points. The process involved creating geometric plans and a 3D finite-element model through visual inspection and implementing ANSYS Workbench. The study utilised the mechanical properties of the aged materials, sourced from various studies encompassing surveys of old monumental structures, codes, and historical records. The clock tower’s behaviour was assessed through static, modal, and site-specific simulated time history analyses. The static analysis results revealed a maximum deflection of 3.76 mm at the top and a maximum equivalent (von-Mises) stress of 1.81 MPa at the joint of the first-floor level. Modal frequencies for the first three modes were determined to understand the tower’s free vibration behaviour. The time history analyses presented the acceleration, velocity, and displacement response under a peak ground acceleration (PGA) of 1.29 m/s2 simulated for the site. The dynamic analysis highlighted stress responses in critical locations, exposing severe cracks and damages across various points.
WHO Goals and Beyond: Managing HIV/TB Co-infection in South Africa
Authors: Olivier Cara , Luies Laneke 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe intricate relationship between HIV and TB, particularly in South Africa which grapples with an alarming prevalence of both diseases, presents a multifaceted challenge influenced by historical, social, and biological factors. This review explores the co-dependent nature of these diseases and the challenges to effective control strategies. The ramifications of Apartheid significantly shaped these pandemics, with TB thriving in impoverished conditions marked by overcrowding and limited health care access. Co-infection intensifies health challenges, further complicating treatment and management. Despite commendable efforts, achieving the ambitious “End TB” and “End HIV” goals set by the World Health Organization (WHO) for 2030 remains intricate due to socio-economic disparities, health care constraints, and political dynamics. The recent emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic introduced additional complexities, disrupting diagnostic and treatment services. Nevertheless, South Africa’s resilience is evident through destigmatisation campaigns, innovative preventative interventions, and significant contributions to global research. The importance of prevalence studies cannot be overstated; accurate data collection and analysis remain pivotal for informed interventions and tracking progress towards WHO goals. Here, we elucidate the need for a unified and comprehensive national response, supported by international collaboration, to effectively address the enduring HIV and TB burden within South Africa. As the nation navigates intricate historical legacies, social factors, and evolving health challenges, a crucial question arises: Will South Africa ultimately meet the WHO’s elimination goals or at least reduce the number of HIV-related TB deaths? Recognising potential obstacles, it becomes imperative to strategise responses to enable effective syndemic management and advancement towards WHO’s objectives.
A Rare Histopathological Diagnosis: Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma Localized in the Rectum: a Case Report
Authors: Pace Marco , Carillo Giovanna , Paolo Marco Di Giovan , Stipa Francesco 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEndometriosis-associated intestinal tumors represent malignant transformation of gastrointestinal endometriosis. Clinical features are similar to colon tumor with abdominal or pelvic pain, dyschezia, or bloody stools. Intestinal occlusion or perforation has also been described as a first presentation. The diagnosis is often postoperative, and it is based on specific immunohistochemical patterns (CK7+/CK20−). We present a rare case of a woman with a malignant transformation of an endometriotic lesion of the sigmoid colon, who underwent emergency surgery for intestinal occlusion. She underwent an exploratory laparotomy and Hartmann resection. The immunophenotypic analysis of the specimens revealed the following pattern: CK20−, CK7+, compatible with the diagnosis of endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Endometrioid carcinoma is a rare tumor, difficult to diagnose preoperatively because of similar symptoms of sigmoid carcinoma. A high index of suspicion in conjunction with careful histological and immunohistochemical examination (CK7, CK20, CDX2, CD10, ER, and PR) is important for establishing a correct diagnosis.
Enforceable Duties: Cicero and Kant on the Legal Nature of Political Order
Authors: Straumann Benjamin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article seeks to show the importance of Cicero for Kant by pointing out the systematic relationship between their respective views on ethics and law. Cicero was important to Kant because Cicero had already elaborated an imperative, “quasi-jural” conception of duty or obligation. Cicero had also already prefigured the distinction between ethical duties and duties of justice. The article does not establish any direct historical influence, but points out interesting systematic overlaps. The most important in the realm of ethics are a universal rationalism; a rule-based normative framework of duty; and skepticism about (Cicero), or rejection of (Kant), eudaimonism. In the realm of political theory, it is the centrality of law and of property that unites both thinkers; both reject voluntarism in thinking that consensus flows from the right external laws, not the other way around, and thus creates a juridical community; and lastly, both Cicero and Kant believe that transparence, or publicity, is a key ideal that might be presupposed by both the ethical and the juridical domain. The article thus shows that both Cicero and Kant separate ethics from law, but there are indications that neither has given up the aspiration to bridge the two realms on a higher plane. This reading of Kant yields both a more Ciceronian Kant and allows us to perceive Kantian aspects of Cicero.
The effect of economic conditions on poverty perception in Minnesota
Authors: Siposné Nándori Eszter , Roufs Timothy G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe paper analyzes subjective poverty in St. Louis County, Minnesota, with the methods of systematic data collection in 2020 and makes a diachronic comparison using the results of a similar survey from 2010. The paper identifies the most important poverty-related items and compares the precise meanings of the results of the 2010 and 2020 surveys. It also aims to find out how the recovery after the recession of 2008 modified perceptions of poverty. It is revealed that poverty in 2020 is mainly associated with items related to material needs. Many of the items mentioned in relation to poverty are related to financial issues, to basic human needs, or to physical safety. The paper concludes that in spite of the economic recovery, subjective poverty did not change significantly in the examined period.
Employing plant DNA barcodes for pomegranate species identification in Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Omari Alzahrani Fatima , Dguimi Houda Maaroufi , Alshaharni Mohammed O. , Albalawi Doha , Zaoui Sonia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Punica granatum (Pomegranate) tree attracted a lot of interest for its nutritious fruits and therapeutic benefits. Although research on genetic diversity is important to develop breeding programs and implement efficient cultivar improvement, the genetic diversity of pomegranates in Saudi Arabia has not been investigated completely. The two important pomegranate cultivars in Al-Baha region of Saudi Arabia (Bidah-red and Bidah-green), which have recently gained considerable attention due to their unique sweet taste, were studied using DNA barcodes because information about their phylogeny is limited. To reveal the phylogeny of these two cultivars, three DNA barcodes [the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase (rbcL), and intergenic spacer region (trnH-psbA)] were used. The ITS2 and psbA-trnH had sufficient polymorphism to allow distinction at the cultivar level, whereas the rbcL region had a uniform sequence; hence, it failed to discriminate among the cultivars. The two cultivars were found to be clustered in the same clade on the phylogenetic tree constructed using the ITS2 and psbA-trnH sequences, suggesting that they are either closely related or have adapted to their locations. As the ITS2 region exhibited higher polymorphism than psbA-trnH, the phylogenetic tree based on ITS2 indicated that Bidah-red and Bidah-green are distinct cultivars. We conclude that ITS2 and psbA-trnH DNA barcodes are capable of authenticating and identifying pomegranate cultivars and can assist in improving pomegranate quality in the future through molecular breeding.
The metaphysics of personhood in Confucian role ethics
Authors: Wang Jennifer 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInspired by early Confucian texts such as the Analects, Mencius, and Xunzi, defenders of Confucian role ethics argue that persons are constituted by their social roles and relationships. However, this has the puzzling implication that persons cannot survive changes in social roles and relationships. This paper proposes ways to understand this claim by appealing to the notions of essence, material constitution, and four-dimensionalism. In particular, it will be suggested that role ethicists should distinguish biological humans from persons and should say either that (i) persons are materially constituted by biological humans, or that (ii) persons are four-dimensional objects that merely overlap with biological humans. There has thus far not been much contact between early Chinese philosophy and contemporary metaphysics in this vein. A secondary goal of this paper is to demonstrate that views in early Chinese philosophy can be examined within frameworks from contemporary metaphysics, and furthermore, that the results include novel theses not yet recognized in contemporary metaphysics.
The Support to Mitigate the Impact of Suicide for Disaster Aid Workers of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Fukuchi Naru , Shigemura Jun , Obara Akiko 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Suicide substantially impacts disaster-affected communities due to pre-existing psychosocial effects caused by the disaster. Following the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011, local disaster aid workers had overworked for months, and many workers eventually died by suicide. Although many workplaces suffered this dual damage, there is limited literature on psychosocial postvention in this context. This study reports the activities of individual/group postventions provided to these aid workers. The bereaved person expressed grief for the loss of their colleagues and anger for not being protected. The postvention observed unusual and distinctive group dynamics. It was essential for mental health professionals to address 2 types of traumatic exposures in the group programs —trauma from the disaster and their colleagues’ deaths due to suicide. These postvention programs might be beneficial in maintaining aid workers’ mental health and helping them cope with the loss of their colleagues.
The Rule-of-Law as a Problem Space: Wāsṭa and the Paradox of Justice in Jordan
Authors: Doughan Yazan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article explores structural entanglements between the rule-of-law, as a globalized aspirational horizon in post-Cold War politics, and corruption, as a highly salient malaise, by way of an ethnography of wāsṭa, an institutionalized practice of patronage in Jordan, and a salient object of corruption discourse in recent years. The article follows wāsṭa and anti-corruption practices in various sites where wāsṭa is most salient and most problematized and situates the contemporary practice in relation to historical transformations in Jordan’s political economy and global discourses on justice and development. While globalized anti-corruption discourses pit practices of patronage and brokerage like wāsṭa against the rule-of-law, an ethnographic and historical view illustrates how the latter is the condition of possibility of the former, the framework by which it is diagnosed, and its presumed cure. Thus, I argue that the rule-of-law should be understood as a historically specific “problem space” that posits corruption as a prime diagnostic of the ills of state and society while generating practical paradoxes and a perpetual sense of temporal out-of-jointedness for “developing” countries.
Precedent and Fairness
Authors: Perry Adam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCourts in common law systems decide cases as they decided like cases in the past—even if they believe they decided those past cases wrongly. What, if anything, justifies this practice? I defend two main claims. The first is that fairness favors treating like cases alike if that means treating them correctly. The second is that, in general, a court is as likely to decide an instant case correctly as it was to decide a previous and like case correctly. Together, these claims tell us that departing from and following precedent are equally likely to yield a correct decision, whereas following precedent may also yield a fair decision. Adhering to precedent is the dominant alternative, as a result. Fairness therefore justifies the practice of precedent. While this conclusion is not original, my argument for it is.