bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Then and now: quality of life of young breast cancer survivors
Authors: Bloom Joan R. , Stewart Susan L. , Chang Subo , Banks Priscilla J. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackground: Women under age 50, a quarter of all cases of breast cancer, are especially vulnerable to physical and psychosocial late effects of their treatment due to having more aggressive treatment and their relative youth.Methods: In person interviews were conducted with the population‐based sample: 185 women who were under 50 at diagnosis and were cancer‐free 5 years later. Quality of life in the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual domains was assessed and compared with results obtained a few months after diagnosis.Results: Five years after diagnosis, 92% rated their health as good or excellent, and only 10% said their health had been getting worse. Between baseline and 5 years, there were significant improvements in surgical symptoms, body image, worry about the future, patient–physician communication, intrusiveness of treatment, and all of the SF‐36 measures except for general health. There were significant decreases in emotional support and the size of one's social network. More women were now menopausal (75% due to treatment) and there were fewer children at home. There were no significant changes in employment status, marital/partner status, sexual activity, sexual problems, self‐esteem, and attendance at religious services or frequency of prayer. In multivariate models, a greater increase in physical quality of life was associated with reporting fewer chronic conditions, being employed, having been treated by chemotherapy and fewer had no children under age 18 living at home. A greater increase in mental quality of life was associated with fewer chronic conditions and a smaller decrease in emotional support.Conclusions: Five years after diagnosis, young breast cancer survivors who remained cancer‐free enjoyed good health and improved quality of life. Nonetheless, physical, social, and psychological concerns must be addressed so that young breast cancer survivors will continue to be resilient as they age. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors affecting clinical outcome in gastrostomy‐fed children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Oliver Mark R. , Heine Ralf G. , Ng Chi Hang , Volders Evelyn , Olinsky Anthony 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn order to assess the effects of gastrostomy feeding on nutritional status, respiratory function, and survival in children with cystic fibrosis (CF), we studied all patients undergoing gastrostomy between 1989–1997 at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne. Clinical information was collected from medical records, including serial measurements of weight‐for‐age standard deviation scores (WAZ) and forced expired volume in 1 sec (FEV1) (percent predicted). Measurements were compared for 2 years before and 2 years after gastrostomy placement. Data on gastroesophageal reflux (GER), adherence to the gastrostomy feeding program, and sputum culture were also assessed. Of 37 children (22 male; mean age, 11.6 ± 4.8 years; range, 3–20), 11 died during the study period (7 female, 4 male). Female patients were more likely to die within 2 years of gastrostomy placement (OR = 3.9; 95% CI, 0.72–23.2; P = 0.07). Mortality was significantly associated with a WAZ score <−2 (OR = 10.7; 95% CI, 1.07–466.6; P = 0.02) and predicted FEV1 <50% (OR = 10.8; 95% CI, 1.07–512.9; P = 0.02) at time of gastrostomy. Patients with clinical evidence of GER (n = 11) had significantly lower weight gain after gastrostomy (delta WAZ, −0.32 ± 0.26 vs. 0.03 ± 0.39; P = 0.03). In conclusion, the presence of advanced lung disease, GER, and female gender were factors associated with a poor clinical outcome after gastrostomy placement. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:324–329. © 2004 Wiely‐Liss, Inc.
Exercise testing and training in German CF centers
Authors: Barker Michael , Hebestreit Alexandra , Gruber Wolfgang , Hebestreit Helge 
Published: March 2004

AbstractPhysical exercise is increasingly recognized as a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic modality for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). We sought to characterize the use of exercise testing and training as well as the attitude toward both issues through a national survey. A questionnaire was sent to 107 specialized CF centers (caring for a total of 5,231 patients) and 7 inpatient rehabilitation institutions. Answers were available from 62 specialized centers caring for 3,580 patients and from 4 rehabilitation centers with 520 treatment episodes per year. Sixty percent of specialized centers performed some sort of exercise testing at an average frequency of 1 in 2.3 years for patients aged 8 and above. However, protocols and indication criteria were often unstandardized or not specified at all. Equipment availability was no major problem, and the majority of tests were conducted by a physician alone. Nineteen centers had adopted exercise testing as part of their diagnostic routine. Two thirds of caregivers advised their patients to engage in physical activity, but failed to discuss specific modalities and potential hazards. Nevertheless, physical exercise was viewed as “extremely important” or “very important” by 87%. In a rehabilitation setting, an exercise test was conducted 1.1 times per patient stay, and a training program offered in 100% of cases. In conclusion, standardized exercise testing and training programs appear to be underused in German CF centers, despite a high degree of interest in the topic. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the Pediatric Pulmonology website (http//www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/8755‐6863/suppmat). Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:351–355. © 2004 Wiely‐Liss, Inc.
Airway inflammation in children with tracheostomy
Authors: Griese M. , Felber J. , Reiter K. , Strong P. , Reid K. , Belohradsky B.H. , Jäger G. , Nicolai T. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWe hypothesised that long‐term tracheostomy in infants and children may perpetuate chronic airway inflammation and airway remodeling due to easier access to the lungs for microorganisms. Pulmonary surfactant represents an important part of the initial host defense, and in particular, the surfactant proteins (SP) A and D may directly interact with invading microorganisms and also modulate the activity of local immune cells. The goals of this study were to determine the presence and intensity of a peripheral airway inflammation and of potential deficiency states of surfactant proteins in nonsymptomatic children with tracheostomy. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell pattern, bacteria and viruses recovered, and concentrations of SP‐A, SP‐B, SP‐C, and SP‐D were assessed in 46 children (4.3 years (1.6–6)) median (range) carrying a tracheostomy for 2.4 years (1.3–4.9), and were compared to 16 children with no lung disease. Children with tracheostomy had an increased total number of cells, increased neutrophils, and more frequently bacteria, but no viruses were recovered. SP‐D concentration was reduced by 50% on average (P = 0.0002). SP‐A, SP‐B, and SP‐C were not different between the two groups. SP‐D was inversely correlated to neutrophils, and high numbers of bacteria were associated with lower SP‐D concentrations. We suggest that bacteria and low SP‐D support neutrophilic inflammation in the lower respiratory tract of nonsymptomatic with children with tracheostomy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:356–361. © 2004 Wiely‐Liss, Inc.
Drug delivery and adherence in young children
Authors: Iqbal Shaikh , Ritson Sue , Prince Ivan , Denyer John , Everard Mark L. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe aim of this pilot study was to compare a the HaloLite Paediatric Nebulizer (HPN) with a pressurized metered dose inhaler and valved holding chamber (pMDI VHC, Aerochamber™) in terms of drug delivery, adherence to treatment, compliance with device, true adherence, and acceptability. Fourteen children aged 11–36 months with asthma on regular treatment with inhaled corticosteroids were enrolled into an open, randomized, crossover trial. They received budesonide for 2 weeks with each delivery system. Both devices incorporated a datalogger which recorded information on how the device was used. The HPN was preprogrammed to deliver 25 μg of budesonide to the patient. A single actuation of budesonide 200 μg was used with the pMDI VHC. The median delivered dose of budesonide was 36 μg (range, 31–45 μg; CV, 15%) for the HPN and 53 μg (range, 17–85 μg; CV, 47%) for the pMDI VHC. The median adherence was 68% (range, 11–96%) with the HPN and 71% (range, 11–100%) with the pMDI VHC. The median device compliance was 30% and 51% and the median true adherence was 23% and 36%, respectively. The shape, size, and weight of the HaloLite Paediatric Nebulizer were generally less acceptable than the shape, size, and weight of the pMDI VHC with datalogger. These results indicate that reproducible quantities of drug can be delivered to very young children using AAD™ technology such as that incorporated into the HPN. Drug delivery with the pMDI VHC was more variable, but parents preferred this device. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:311–317. © 2004 Wiely‐Liss, Inc.
Cleft sternum: Case report and literature review
Authors: Abel R.M. , Robinson M. , Gibbons P. , Parikh D.H. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe isolated sternal cleft is a rare congenital anomaly that presents from birth to adulthood. We describe the late presentation and management in a child with this condition. The modern investigative and operative options are reviewed. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:375–377. © 2004 Wiely‐Liss, Inc.
Predicting response to rhDNase and hypertonic saline in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Suri Ranjan , Metcalfe Christopher , Wallis Colin , Bush Andrew 
Published: March 2004

AbstractDaily recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase) is an established but expensive treatment in cystic fibrosis (CF). Alternate‐day rhDNase and hypertonic saline (HS) represent potential cheaper alternative therapies. However, not all patients improve on treatment. To assess response, many CF centers have developed formal n‐of‐1 trials of treatment to find out who benefits. Response to daily rhDNase at 3 months has been shown to be a good predictor of response at 1 year. There are no data correlating individual response at a shorter time period with 3‐month response. We assessed whether individual responses to daily rhDNase, alternate‐day rhDNase, and HS could be predicted from lung function response at 6 weeks, thus shortening the n‐of‐1 trial, or from baseline patient characteristics, therefore avoiding the need for an n‐of‐1 trial. In a randomized crossover trial, 48 CF children were allocated consecutively to 12 weeks of once‐daily 2.5‐mg rhDNase, alternate‐day 2.5‐mg rhDNase, and twice‐daily 5 ml of 7% HS. Forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured at baseline and then at 6 and 12 weeks into each treatment period. Lung function response to the drugs at 6 weeks was highly predictive of response at 3 months. There was some evidence that response to HS was worse in patients with lower baseline lung function. However, there was no association between response to alternate‐day or daily rhDNase and baseline characteristics. In conclusion, response to rhDNase and HS at 6 weeks was highly predictive of response at 3 months. For daily and alternate‐day rhDNase, at least, the drug needs to be administered for at most 6 weeks initially to assess long‐term response to treatment. Response to treatment could not be reliably predicted from baseline characteristics. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:305–310. © 2004 Wiely‐Liss, Inc.
Survey of breast‐feeding practices and outcomes in the cystic fibrosis population
Authors: Parker Eliza M. , O'Sullivan Brian P. , Shea Julie C. , Regan Meredith M. , Freedman Steven D. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe aim of this study was to survey cystic fibrosis (CF) patients to determine the frequency of breast‐feeding and its association with onset and severity of CF symptoms. Three thousand, two hundred questionnaires were sent to 30 accredited CF centers for anonymous completion. Eight hundred and sixty‐three questionnaires were returned and scanned into a database. All results were adjusted for age at time of filling out the questionnaire. Age at onset of symptoms, percent forced expired volume in 1 sec (FEV1%) predicted, and intravenous (IV) antibiotic use were analyzed based on breast‐feeding history. Approximately 49% of respondents received human breast milk at some time, but only 18% were exclusively breast‐fed. Breast‐feeding exclusively for greater than 6 months was associated with a decrease in disease severity based on recent intravenous antibiotic use compared to no breast‐feeding (P = 0.03). There was no statistically significant change in onset of symptoms in the setting of breast‐feeding; however, a trend toward delayed onset was seen in those receiving human milk. Fifty‐three percent of those who breast‐fed exclusively ≥6 months had FEV1% values >90%, compared to 47% of those not breast‐fed. This is a suggestive but not statistically significant difference. In conclusion, breast‐feeding for ≥6 months is associated with decreased use of intravenous antibiotics in the 2 years prior to administering the questionnaire. This survey indicates that breast‐feeding is not harmful to children with CF, and may be beneficial. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:362–367. © 2004 Wiely‐Liss, Inc.
Reduced neurocognition in children who snore
Authors: Kennedy J.D. , Blunden S. , Hirte C. , Parsons D.W. , Martin A.J. , Crowe E. , Williams D. , Pamula Y. , Lushington K. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has been associated with reduced neurocognitive performance in children, but the underlying etiology is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between hypoxemia, respiratory arousals, and neurocognitive performance in snoring children referred for adenotonsillectomy. Thirteen snoring children who were referred for evaluation regarding the need for adenotonsillectomy to a children's hospital otolaryngology/respiratory department underwent detailed neurocognitive and polysomnographic (PSG) evaluation. PSGs were evaluated for respiratory abnormalities and compared with 13 nonsnoring control children of similar age who were studied in the same manner. The snoring children had an obstructive respiratory disturbance index within normal range (mean obstructive apnea/hypopnea index, 0.6/hr). Despite this, several domains of neurocognitive function were reduced in the snoring group. These included mean verbal IQ scores (snorers 92.6 vs. nonsnorers 110.2, P < 0.001), mean global IQ scores (snorers 96.7 vs. nonsnorers 110.2, P < 0.005), mean selective attention scores (snorers 46.4 vs. nonsnorers 11.8, P < 0.001), mean sustained attention scores (snorers 8.0 vs. nonsnorers 2.2, P = 0.001), and mean memory index (snorers 95.2 vs. nonsnorers 112.1, P = 0.001). There was a direct relationship between number of mild oxygen desaturations of ≥3%, obstructive hypopneas with ≥3% oxygen desaturations, and respiratory arousals and severity of neurocognitive deficits, with the greatest effect being on memory scores. The disruption of sleep in snoring children produced by relatively mild changes in oxygen saturation or by increases in respiratory arousals may have a greater effect on neurocognitive function than hitherto appreciated. A possible explanation for these neurocognitive deficits may be the combination of the chronicity of sleep disruption secondary to snoring which is occurring at a time of rapid neurological development in the first decade of life. Future studies need to confirm the reversal of these relatively mild neurocognitive decrements post adenotonsillectomy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:330–337. © 2004 Wiely‐Liss, Inc.
Leiomyosarcoma of the main bronchus in a girl: A long‐time survivor with multiple lung metastases
Authors: Takeda Fumihiro , Yamagiwa Iwao , Ohizumi Hiroyuki , Shiono Satoshi 
Published: March 2004

AbstractPrimary leiomyosarcoma of the respiratory tract is a very rare malignancy, especially in childhood, with only 15 cases in patients under 16 years old having been reported. In the present case, the survival period from the onset of symptoms has been over 7 years, despite incomplete resection. Based on the 15 published cases, the prognosis is poorer when the tumor is unresected or incompletely resected, but under favorable circumstances, prolonged survival is possible. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:368–374. © 2004 Wiely‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular imaging for pediatric lung diseases
Authors: Richard Jean‐Christophe , Chen Delphine L. , Ferkol Tom , Schuster Daniel P. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractMolecular imaging is a rapidly developing multidisciplinary field that combines advances in contrast agent development, instrumentation, and molecular/cell biology to follow cellular and sub‐cellular events in intact organisms. Platforms for molecular imaging include radionuclide‐based methods, optical methods, and magnetic resonance. To date, molecular imaging studies of the lungs have been used to monitor the effectiveness of gene transfer, neutrophilic inflammation, and cell trafficking. Eventually, the goal will be to translate these new techniques to clinical settings such as cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:286–296. © 2004 Wiely‐Liss, Inc.
Complete structure determination of the A chain of mistletoe lectin III fromViscum albumL. ssp.album
Authors: Wacker Roland , Stoeva Stanka , Pfüller Karola , Pfüller Uwe , Voelter Wolfgang 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe complete primary structure of the A chain of mistletoe lectin III (ML3A), a type II ribosome‐inactivating protein, was determined using proteolytic digests of ML3A, HPLC separation of the peptides, Edman degration and MALDI‐MS. Based on our results, ML3A consists of 254 amino acid residues, showing a high homology to the A chain of isolectin ML1 with only 24 amino acid residue exchanges. A striking important structural difference compared with ML1A is the lack of the single N‐glycosylation site in ML3A due to an amino acid exchange at position 112 (ML1A: N112GS↠ML3A: T112GS). The alignment of ML3A with the A chains of ML1, isoabrins, ricin D,Ricinus communisagglutinin and three lectins, identified from the Korean mistletoeViscum albumssp.coloratum, demonstrates the rigid conservation of all amino acid residues, responsible for the RNA‐N‐glycosidase activity as reported for ricin D. In addition, the fully determined primary structure of ML3A will give further information about the biological mechanism of mistletoe lectin therapy. Copyright © 2003 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peptide helices with pendant cycloalkane rings. Characterization of conformations of 1‐aminocyclooctane‐1‐carboxylic acid (Ac8c) residues in peptides
Authors: Datta Saumen , Rathore R. N. S. , Vijayalakshmi S. , Vasudev Prema G. , Balaji Rao R. , Balaram P. , Shamala N. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA pentapeptide, Boc‐Leu‐Ac8c‐Ala‐Leu‐Ac8c‐OMe 1, an octapeptide, Boc‐Leu‐Ac8c‐Ala‐Leu‐Ac8c‐Ala‐Leu‐Ac8c‐OMe 2 and a tripeptide, Boc‐Aib‐Ac8c‐Aib‐OMe 3 containing the 1‐aminocyclooctane‐1‐carboxylic acid residue (Ac8c) were synthesized and conformationally characterized by x‐ray diffraction studies in the crystal state. Peptides 1 and 2 were also studied by NMR in CDCl3 solution. Peptide 1 adopts a purely 310‐helical conformation in crystals, stabilized by three intramolecular 1 ← 4 hydrogen bonds. Peptide 2 in crystals is largely 310‐helical with distortion in the backbone at the N‐terminus by the insertion of a water molecule between Ac8c (2) CO and Ala (6) NH groups. Peptide 3 forms a C10‐ring structure, i.e. a type III (III′) β‐ turn conformation stabilized by an intramolecular 1 ← 4 hydrogen bond. Five cyclooctane rings assume boat–chair conformations, whereas the sixth [Ac8c(8) in 2] is appreciably distorted, resembling a chiral intermediate in the pseudorotational pathway from the boat–chair to the twisted boat–chair conformation. Internal bond angles of the cyclooctane rings are appreciably distorted from the tetrahedral value, a characteristic feature of the cyclooctane ring. Peptide 1 crystallized in the space group P212121 with a = 11.900(4) Å, b = 18.728(6) Å, c = 20.471(3) Å and Z = 4. The final R1 and wR2 values are 0.0753 and 0.2107, respectively, for 3901 observed reflections [Fo ≥ 3σ(Fo)]. Peptide 2 crystallized in space group P21 with a = 12.961(5) Å, b = 17.710(10) Å, c = 15.101(7) Å, β = 108.45(4)° and Z = 2. The final R1 and wR2 values are 0.0906 and 0.1832, respectively, for 2743 observed reflections [Fo ≥ 3σ(Fo)]. 1H‐NMR studies on both the peptides strongly suggest the persistence of 310‐helical conformations in solution. Peptide 3 crystallized in the space group P21/n, with a = 10.018(1) Å, b = 20.725(1) Å, c = 12.915(1) Å and Z = 4. The final R1 and wR2 values are 0.0411 and 0.1105, respectively, for 3634 observed reflections [Fo ≥ 4σ(Fo)]. Copyright © 2003 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation of allicepin, a novel antifungal peptide from onion (Allium cepa) bulbs
Authors: Wang H. X. , Ng T. B. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractFrom the bulbs of the onion Allium cepa, a novel antifungal peptide distinct from the antimicrobial peptide previously reported from onion seeds was isolated. The antifungal peptide, designated allicepin, was purified with a procedure that involved aqueous extraction, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE‐cellulose, affinity chromatography on Affi‐gel blue gel and FPLC‐gel filtration on Superdex 75. Allicepin was unadsorbed on DEAE‐cellulose and adsorbed on Affi‐gel blue gel. The molecular weight of allicepin was estimated to be 10 K by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration on Superdex 75. Allicepin exerted an inhibitory activity on mycelial growth in several fungal species including Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Mycosphaerella arachidicola and Physalospora piricola. Copyright © 2003 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peptide and amino acid glycation: new insights into the Maillard reaction
Authors: Horvat Štefica , Jakas Andreja 
Published: March 2004

AbstractNonenzymatic glycation of proteins, peptides and other macromolecules (the Maillard reaction) has been implicated in a number of pathologies, most clearly in diabetes mellitus, but also in the normal processes of aging and neurodegenerative amyloid diseases such as Alzheimer's. In the early stage, glycation results in the formation of Amadori‐modified proteins. In the later stages, advanced glycation end products (AGE) are irreversibly formed from Amadori products leading to the formation of reactive intermediates, crosslinking of proteins, and the formation of brown and fluorescent polymeric materials. Although, the glycation of structural proteins has been attributed a key role in the complications of diabetes, recent attention has been devoted to the physiological significance of glycated peptide hormones. This review focuses on the physico‐chemical properties of the Amadori compounds of bioactive peptides of endogenous and exogenous origin, such as Leu‐enkephalin and morphiceptin, investigated under different conditions as well as on novel pathways in the Maillard reaction observed from investigating intramolecular events in ester‐linked glycopeptides. Copyright © 2003 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.