bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fezolinetant impact on health‐related quality of life for vasomotor symptoms due to the menopause: Pooled data from SKYLIGHT 1 and SKYLIGHT 2 randomised controlled trials
Authors: Cano Antonio , Nappi Rossella E. , Santoro Nanette , Stute Petra , Blogg Martin , English Marci L. , Morga Antonia , Scrine Ludmila , Siddiqui Emad , Ottery Faith D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of fezolinetant treatment on health‐related quality of life using pooled data from SKYLIGHT 1 and 2 studies.DesignPrespecified pooled analysis.SettingUSA, Canada, Europe; 2019–2021.Population1022 women aged ≥40 to ≤65 years with moderate‐to‐severe vasomotor symptoms (VMS; minimum average seven hot flushes/day), seeking treatment for VMS.MethodsWomen were randomised to 12‐week double‐blind treatment with once‐daily placebo or fezolinetant 30 or 45 mg. Completers entered a 40‐week, active extension (those receiving fezolinetant continued that dose; those receiving placebo re‐randomised to fezolinetant received 30 or 45 mg).Main outcome measuresMean changes from baseline to weeks 4 and 12 on Menopause‐Specific Quality of Life (MENQoL) total and domain scores, Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire specific to VMS (WPAI‐VMS) domain scores, Patient Global Impression of Change in VMS (PGI‐C VMS); percentages achieving PGI‐C VMS of ‘much better’ (PGI‐C VMS responders). Mean reduction was estimated using mixed model repeated measures analysis of covariance.ResultsFezolinetant 45 mg mean reduction over placebo in MENQoL total score was −0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.75 to −0.39) at week 4 and −0.47 (95% CI −0.66 to −0.28) at week 12. Reductions were similar for 30 mg. MENQoL domain scores were also reduced and WPAI‐VMS scores improved. Twice as many women receiving fezolinetant reported VMS were ‘much better’ than placebo based on PGI‐C VMS assessment.ConclusionsFezolinetant treatment was associated with improvement in overall QoL, measured by MENQoL, and work productivity, measured by WPAI‐VMS. A high proportion receiving fezolinetant felt VMS were ‘much better’ based on PGI‐C VMS responder analysis.
High‐throughput molecular gut content analysis of aphids identifies plants relevant for potato virus Y epidemiology
Authors: Pitt William Jacob , Cooper William Rodney , Pouchnik Derek , Headrick Heather , Nachappa Punya 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAphids are phloem‐feeding insects that reduce crop productivity due to feeding and transmission of plant viruses. When aphids disperse across the landscape to colonize new host plants, they will often probe on a wide variety of nonhost plants before settling on a host suitable for feeding and reproduction. There is limited understanding of the diversity of plants that aphids probe on within a landscape, and characterizing this diversity can help us better understand host use patterns of aphids. Here, we used gut content analysis (GCA) to identify plant genera that were probed by aphid vectors of potato virus Y (PVY). Aphids were trapped weekly near potato fields during the growing seasons of 2020 and 2021 in San Luis Valley in Colorado. High‐throughput sequencing of plant barcoding genes, trnF and ITS2, from 200 individual alate (i.e., winged) aphids representing nine vector species of PVY was performed using the PacBio sequencing platform, and sequences were identified to genus using NCBI BLASTn. We found that 34.7% of aphids probed upon presumed PVY host plants and that two of the most frequently detected plant genera, Solanum and Brassica, represent important crops and weeds within the study region. We found that 75% of aphids frequently probed upon PVY nonhosts including many species that are outside of their reported host ranges. Additionally, 19% of aphids probed upon more than one plant species. This study provides the first evidence from high‐throughput molecular GCA of aphids and reveals host use patterns that are relevant for PVY epidemiology.
Farmers' Perceptions of Obstacles to Business Development
Authors: Yanore Lotte , Sok Jaap , Lansink Alfons Oude 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThis article examines perceived obstacles to business development of Dutch dairy farmers and compares them to Dutch broiler farmers and Swedish farmers. Understanding farmers' perceived obstacles is crucial for developing effective policies to support sustainable and resilient farms. Data were collected using a survey and analysed using factor and regression analysis. The study finds that rules and regulations are the most significant obstacle for all three groups of farmers. Dutch dairy farmers also face challenges related to land availability, permits and leasing, while Dutch broiler farmers have concerns mostly about foreign competition. Financial obstacles are significant but considered less important than regulatory and land‐related challenges. Farm characteristics, such as intensity of operation, off‐farm income, location, succession status and farmer's patience were statistically related to the perceived obstacles of Dutch dairy farmers. The associations found suggest that dairy farmers operating their businesses more intensively face more financial, social capital and land availability obstacles. It was also found that younger farmers or farmers with successors score higher on perceived obstacles concerning policy and land availability. Recommendations include improving information provision, simplifying regulations, and engaging stakeholders to reduce policy obstacles. Also, policies should consider farmers' unique needs and should be implemented in a decentralised way.
Rheological properties and microstructure of wheat flour dough systems with enzyme‐hydrolyzed mashed potatoes
Authors: Chen Guoxing , Zhao Ruixuan , Zhang Yixuan , Liu Qiannan , Guo Zhiqian , Zhang Guohui , Wu Tao , Liu Wei , Hu Honghai 
Published: February 2024

The interest in incorporating potatoes into wheat dough is increasing. However, potatoes exhibit significant viscosity during thermal processing, affecting product processing and quality. This study aims to find an effective method to reduce the viscosity of mashed potatoes. We aimed to compare the effects of different enzymes (α‐amylase, β‐amylase, and flavourzyme) and concentrations (0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.1%) on the micromorphology and rheological properties of mashed potatoes and potato–wheat dough. The impact of flavourzyme was the most significant (p<0.05). When enzyme concentration increased, viscosity decreased, and the degree of structural damage, indicated by increased porosity. Notably, the addition of flavourzyme can increase the content of sweet and umami free amino acids, improving the flavor of mashed potatoes. The scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy images of potato–wheat dough revealed that enzyme‐hydrolyzed mashed potatoes had improved homogeneity, reestablished the dough continuity, and strengthened the three‐dimensional structure comprising proteins and starch. Notably, flavourzyme demonstrated the most significant effect on enhancing the protein–starch network structure. This was attributed to the exposure of functional groups resulting from protein hydrolysis, facilitating interaction with starch molecules. Our findings indicate that the addition of 0.1% flavourzyme (500 LAPU/g, pH 5.5, 55 ± 2°C, 30 min treated) was the most effective in reducing viscosity and reconstructing the gluten network. Enzymatic hydrolysis plays a vital role in the production of high‐quality potato products, with particular importance in the baking industry, where flavourzyme exhibits significant potential.Practical ApplicationEnzymatic hydrolysis plays a vital role in the production of high‐quality potato products, with particular importance in the baking industry, where flavourzyme exhibits significant potential.
Comparison of different drying methods for bergamot peel: Chemical and physicochemical properties
Authors: Demircan Bahar , Velioglu Yakup Sedat , Giuffrè Angelo Maria 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study examines the effectiveness of seven drying methods applied to bergamot peels, encompassing hot air, microwave, infrared‐assisted microwave, freeze, infrared, sun, and oven drying. All samples exhibited moisture content and water activity levels within the acceptable range for dry foods. All methods effectively transformed the peels into powdered form, yielding comparable results. Each method offers distinct advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of method should be based on the desired properties of the final product. The highest ascorbic acid content was found in freeze‐dried and hot air‐dried samples (>400 mg/100 g), whereas sun‐dried samples had the lowest (89.58 mg/100 g). Infrared‐dried samples exhibited the highest levels of total phenolics and flavonoids (193.40 and 530.14 mg/100 g, respectively), attributed to reactions induced by elevated temperatures. The total carotenoids were higher in freeze‐dried samples (54.12 mg/100 g) compared to other drying methods (<27 mg/100 g). Microwave‐dried samples had the highest 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural content (73.06 mg/100 g), and freeze‐dried samples had the highest naringin content (1568.70 mg/100 g). Although infrared drying had good particle density, porosity, and fluidity, freeze‐drying was the most effective, retaining the highest levels of bioactive compounds. Among the methods studied, freeze‐drying is recommended due to its superior ability to preserve bioactive compounds. Infrared and infrared‐assisted drying methods were suitable for recovering phenolics from bergamot waste, offering lower energy consumption and practical preservation of physicochemical properties. This study emphasizes the importance of selecting the appropriate drying method to ensure high‐quality dried food and producing value‐added products from bergamot waste, contributing to sustainable agriculture and waste reduction.Practical ApplicationThis study demonstrates that infrared and freeze‐drying are the most effective methods for producing high‐quality bergamot peel samples with enhanced antioxidant properties. These findings hold promising implications for the food industry, offering a viable approach to preserve bergamot peels and their valuable attributes.
Mathematical modeling of thin‐layer drying kinetics and moisture diffusivity study of apple slices using infrared conveyor‐belt dryer
Authors: El‐Mesery Hany S. , Ashiagbor Kwami , Hu Zicheng , Rostom Merit 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe drying features of apples at different infrared drying settings were investigated. The drying time, moisture‐effective diffusion, and activation energy of infrared dried apples were measured experimentally and statistically as a function of slice thicknesses, radiation intensity, and air velocity. The infrared intensity of 0.225, 0.130, and 0.341 W/cm2, slice thicknesses of 6, 4, and 2 mm, and airflow of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m/s were used to dry apple slices. The data shows that the drying time reduced as IR increased, but airflow and slice thickness increased. Eight statistical factors were used to compare 11 alternative mathematical drying models. The experimentally acquired drying curves were matched to the thin‐layer drying equations. According to the calculations, the Midilli et al. equation had the greatest (efficiency and R2) and lowest (χ2, sum of squared errors, standard error of estimate, standard error, standard deviation of difference) values. As a result, this equation is the best for modeling the drying curves of apple slices across all drying circumstances. The optimum moisture diffusivity value varied from 2.59 to 9.07 × 10−10 m2/s. The mean activation energy was determined to be 19.02–29.83 kJ/mol under various experimental conditions.
FHL2 promotes the aggressiveness of lung adenocarcinoma by inhibiting autophagy via activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Wang Shuaishuai , Liu Baomo , Su Yan , Wang Nian , Dong Peixin , Xu Xiongye , Huang Lixia , Li Shaoli , Gu Jincui , Qiu Yanli , Deng Jiating , Lin Ziying , Zhou Yanbin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing evidence indicates that four and a half LIM domains 2 (FHL2) plays a crucial role in the progression of various cancers. However, the biological functions and molecular mechanism of FHL2 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain unclear.MethodsWe evaluated the prognostic value of FHL2 in LUAD using public datasets and further confirmed its prognostic value with our clinical data. The biological functions of FHL2 in LUAD were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Pathway analysis and rescue experiments were subsequently performed to explore the molecular mechanism by which FHL2 promoted the progression of LUAD.ResultsFHL2 was upregulated in LUAD tissues compared to adjacent normal lung tissues, and FHL2 overexpression was correlated with unfavorable outcomes in patients with LUAD. FHL2 knockdown significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of LUAD cells, while FHL2 overexpression had the opposite effect. Mechanistically, FHL2 upregulated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and subsequently inhibited autophagy in LUAD cells. The effects FHL2 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of LUAD cells are dependent on the inhibition of autophagy, as of induction autophagy attenuated the aggressive phenotype induced by FHL2 overexpression.ConclusionsFHL2 promotes the progression of LUAD by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and subsequently inhibiting autophagy, which can be exploited as a potential therapeutic target for LUAD.
Global burden of esophageal cancer attributable to high BMI in 204 countries and territories: 1990–2019
Authors: Chen Zhiming , Zhang Xingxing , Zhai Jianxue , Fan Jiayang , Cai Yikuan , Ye Tianlan , Wang Zhizhi , Cai Kaican 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal cancer (EC), a common and fatal disease, includes two histological subtypes; esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (ECA). To aid policymakers in the allocation of resources for the prevention and treatment of EC, updated data on EC deaths and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to high body mass index (BMI) are necessary. The objective of this study was to identify trends in EC associated with high BMI between 1990 and 2019 using 2019 Global Burden of Disease data.MethodsIn this observational population‐based study, epidemiological data on the association between high BMI and EC were obtained from GBD 2019. The age‐standardized mortality rate (ASMRs) and disability‐adjusted life year rate (ASDRs) attributable to high BMI‐related EC were stratified by year, age, country, and sociodemographic index (SDI). The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to evaluate the temporal trends of the ASMRs and ASDRs between 1990 and 2019.ResultsIn 2019, the proportion of EC deaths and DALYs attributed to high BMI was 18.1% and 18.9%, respectively, resulting in 89 904 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 27 879–171 255) deaths and 2 202 314 (95% CI: 681 901–4 173 080) DALYs. High BMI‐related deaths and DALYs showed a strong upward trend, increasing by more than two‐fold since 1990. East Asia and Western Europe showed the highest risk of EC mortality and DALYs attributable to high BMI; China and the USA bear the greatest burden. The ASMR and ASDR increased in five SDI regions.ConclusionsThe incidence of EC is increasing, particularly in developing nations, which may be attributed to the prevalence of high BMI. To mitigate the impact of high BMI on the incidence of EC, it is important to increase awareness of its deleterious effects, which may alleviate the burden of this disease.
Single‐cell sequencing reveals the immune landscape of breast cancer patients with brain metastasis
Authors: Zhou Huaping , He Xiang , Huang Jia , Zhong Yumin , Zhang Leyao , Ao Xiang , Zhao Hailin , Hu Su , Li Hongsheng , Huang Jianqing , Huang Hongxin , Liang Hongling 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer has the highest incidence rate of cancer worldwide, and brain metastases (BrM) are among the most malignant cases. While some patients have benefited from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), the complex anatomical structure of the brain and the heterogeneity of metastatic tumors have made it difficult to characterize the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) of metastatic tumors.MethodsTo address this, we used single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) to analyze immune cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of BrM patients with breast cancer, thereby providing a comprehensive view of the immune microenvironment landscape of BrM.ResultsBased on canonical marker genes, we identified nine cell types, and further identified their subtypes through differential expression gene (DEG) analysis. We compared the changes in cells and functions in the immune microenvironment of patients with different prognoses. Our analysis revealed a series of genes that promote tumor immune function (CCR5, LYZ, IGKC, MS4A1, etc.) and inhibit tumor immune function (SCGB2A2, CD24, etc.).ConclusionsThe scRNA‐seq in CSF provides a noninvasive method to describe the TME of breast cancer patients and guide immunotherapy.
Higher risk of cerebral palsy, seizures/epilepsy, visual‐ and hearing impairments, cancer, injury and child abuse in children with congenital anomalies: Data from the EUROlinkCAT study
Authors: Urhoj Stine Kjaer , Morris Joan , Loane Maria , Ballardini Elisa , Barrachina‐Bonet Laia , Cavero‐Carbonell Clara , Coi Alessio , Gissler Mika , Given Joanne , Heino Anna , Jordan Sue , Neville Amanda , Santoro Michele , Tan Joachim , Tucker David , Wellesley Diana , Garne Ester , Damkjaer Mads 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimThe aim is to examine the risk of cerebral palsy, seizures/epilepsy, visual‐ and hearing impairments, cancer, injury/poisoning and child abuse in children with and without a congenital anomaly up to age 5 and 10 years.MethodsThis is a population‐based data linkage cohort study linking information from the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies network (EUROCAT) and birth registries to hospital discharge databases. We included 91 504 live born children with major congenital anomalies born from 1995 to 2014 from nine EUROCAT registries in five countries and 1 960 727 live born children without congenital anomalies (reference children). Prevalence and relative risk (RR) were estimated for each of the co‐morbidities using Kaplan–Meier survival estimates.ResultsChildren with congenital anomalies had higher risks of the co‐morbidities than reference children. The prevalences in the reference children were generally very low. The RR was 13.8 (95% CI 12.5–15.1) for cerebral palsy, 2.5 (95% CI 2.4–2.6) for seizures/epilepsy, 40.8 (95% CI 33.2–50.2) for visual impairments, 10.0 (95% CI 9.2–10.9) for hearing loss, 3.6 (95% CI 3.2–4.2) for cancer, 1.5 (95% CI 1.4–1.5) for injuries/poisoning and 2.4 (95% CI 1.7–3.4) for child abuse.ConclusionChildren with congenital anomalies were more likely to be diagnosed with the specified co‐morbidities compared to reference children.
Maternal weight, smoking, and diabetes provided early predictors of longitudinal body mass index growth patterns in childhood
Authors: Ylöstalo Tiina , Saha Marja‐Terttu , Nummi Tapio , Harjunmaa Ulla , Salo Matti K. , Vuorela Nina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to identify factors affecting overweight growth development using extended body mass index (BMI) data combined with birth and maternal records from Finnish national registries.MethodsThe longitudinal data consist of growth measurements of 7372 from six birth cohorts in Finland: 1974 (n = 1109), 1981 (n = 983), 1991 (n = 607), 1994–1995 (n = 829), 2001 (n = 821), and 2003–2004 (n = 3023). Anthropometric data were collected from birth to age 15 years from the health records. Pregnancy health data were included for the four most recent birth cohorts (n = 2810). A statistical method called trajectory analysis was used to identify different BMI development trajectories. Factors associated with abnormal growth tracks were analysed using logistic regression models.ResultsHigh pre‐pregnancy BMI, gestational diabetes mellitus, maternal smoking, and greater gestational weight gain than the Institute of Medicine (United States) recommendations were associated with the overweight growth track. Two of the trajectories didn't seem to follow the normal growth pattern: overweight growth track appeared to lead to overweight, while low birth BMI track showed accelerating growth after the adiposity rebound point of BMI growth.ConclusionThese findings suggest that maternal overweight before pregnancy, excessive gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes mellitus, and smoking could potentially be associated with the risk of obesity in children.
Study of the manufacture of high‐fired ceramics from Fujian (China) during the Shang and Zhou dynasties
Authors: Yue Zhou , Heyang Sun , Sijia Li , Li Li , Xiangqian Feng , Lingtong Yan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn recent years, some kiln sites from Shang and Zhou dynasties have been excavated in Fujian province in southeastern China, and substantial high‐quality ceramic shards were unearthed. The research conducted by archaeologists indicates that these shards are likely the earliest high‐fired ceramic products in this area, characterised by unique appearance features and are therefore valuable for exploring the development and manufacture of early high‐fired ceramics in Fujian. In this study, we gathered some proto‐celadon and stamped stoneware shards from three kiln sites dating back to the Shang and Western Zhou dynasties. We analysed the chemical composition of the ceramic body and glaze, firing temperature, and mineral phase to investigate the selection of raw materials, firing, and glazing technology of these early ceramic products. The results indicate that the bodies of these high‐fired ceramic shards were made of locally weathered porcelain stone, and the glazes are lime glaze. During the Western Zhou dynasty, the potter utilised different raw materials for proto‐celadon and stamped stoneware, which was not the case during the Shang Dynasty. The firing temperatures of the majority of shards exceeded 1,000°C, and the bodies had been completed phase transformation.
Effects of allicin on growth performance, antioxidant profile, and microbiota compared to monensin of growing goats
Authors: Tang Yitian , Huang Li , Sun Xinyang , Ren Chunhuan , Liu Tian Wei , Wu Wenxuan , Zhang Zijun , Zhu Wen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAllicin is a sulfur‐containing compound extracted from raw garlic (Allium sativum L.). We compared the effect of allicin addition on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, and rumen microbiota of goats compared to monensin. Twenty‐four Anhui white goats were assigned randomly to one of three dietary treatments: 1) a basal diet (CON); 2) the basal diet with allicin addition at 750 mg per head per day (AC); 3) the basal diet with monensin addition at 30 mg per kg of diet (MS). Animals were fed for 8 weeks. Results showed the average daily gain, and feed efficiency was increased with allicin and monensin addition. Serum levels of IgG, total superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were higher in the AC group than those in the CON and MS groups. The microbiota analysis revealed that monensin addition mainly affected genera related to carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and allicin mainly affected genera related to energy metabolism and intestinal health. In conclusion, allicin could improve growth performance and have advantages over monensin in improving the antioxidant capacity and immune function of goats. Allicin may be a potential alternative to monensin.