bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Clinical Usage of a Motion Analysis System for the Face: Preliminary Report
Authors: Mishima Katsuaki , Yamada Tomohiro , Fujiwara Kumiko , Sugahara Toshio 
Published: September 2004

Objective To evaluate the motion of the face and jaw of patients with cleft lip and palate, facial palsy, and in patients after reconstruction, a motion-analyzing system was developed. The aim of this article was to investigate the accuracy of this system and the possibility of clinical application. Methods Markers of 1 to 2 mm were placed on the face, and motion images were obtained by three digital video cameras controlled by a synchronizer and recorded on digital video tape. The image was processed on a personal computer. The markers were automatically tracked across the image sequences, and their three-dimensional coordinates were then calculated. Main Outcome Measures System accuracy was investigated using a positioning actuator with high accuracy and a known object. In three patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate, lip pursing was analyzed using the aforesaid method. Results and Conclusions The mean differences from the known values to the distances between the tracked sample points and to the mobile distances of the sample points per frame were 0.24 to 0.36 mm and 0.02 to 0.05 mm, respectively. Both results were similar regardless of the mobile speed or direction. In five repeated measurements, the mean differences from the known values as for the distances and the mobile speed ranged from 0.19 to 0.38 mm and from 0.00 to 0.07 mm, respectively. Examination of three patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate indicated the possibility that lip movement could be successfully analyzed using the present system.
Lacrimoauriculodentodigital Syndrome with Cleft Lip/Palate and Renal Manifestations
Authors: Ramirez Dorian , Lammer Edward J. 
Published: September 2004

Objective To describe the largest family reported with the lacrimoauriculodentodigital (LADD) syndrome. Design A family study of eight individuals with LADD syndrome. Setting Pediatric Clinical Research Center at Oakland Children's Hospital. Patients Eight individuals in a four-generation family. Main Outcome Measure A diagnosis of LADD syndrome was determined by the presence of one or more of the characteristic lacrimal duct, auricular, dental, or digital malformations. Tear function and orofacial clefting were also considered in the final diagnosis of LADD syndrome. Results Affected family members had the characteristic features of LADD syndrome, including cup-shaped ears; lacrimal duct obstruction; and dental, forearm, and digit malformations. In addition to the cardinal features of LADD syndrome, the proband was born with cleft lip and palate. The mother and sister of the proband have hydronephrosis, a rare feature of the disorder. Family members also have features not previously described in LADD syndrome, including vesicoureteral reflux, recurrent urinary tract infections, camptodactyly, distal thumb symphalangism, and a bicornuate uterus. Conclusions The findings suggest that the presence of vesicoureteral reflux and recurrent urinary tract infections should be evaluated in LADD syndrome patients and that the distinction of LADD syndrome from ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia and clefting syndrome by the absence of clefting may need to be reconsidered.
Rehabilitation of a Patient with Cleft Lip and Palate with an Extremely Edentulous Atrophied Posterior Maxilla Using Zygomatic Implants: Case Report
Authors: Pham Anh Viet , Abarca Marcelo , De Mey Albert , Malevez Chantal 
Published: September 2004

Objective This case report describes the clinical and surgical management of a patient with a unilateral alveolar cleft and associated extremely atrophied totally edentulous maxilla. Method Two zygomatic implants and four endosseous oral implants were placed under general anesthesia in a compromised maxilla to rehabilitate a 33-year-old patient with cleft lip and palate. The two specially designed zygomatic implants were utilized to avoid the need for bone grafting in the patient. The final prosthetic rehabilitation was an esthetic and functional maxillary overdenture prosthesis supported by implants. Results Preliminary results have shown how dental prostheses supported by endosseous implants in grafted alveolar cleft are a reliable possibility in the dental rehabilitation of this malformation. Conclusion The use of zygomatic implants may be considered a reliable alternative to more resource-demanding techniques such as bone grafting in patients with cleft palate.
A Cephalometric Evaluation of Lower Lip in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Ufuk Toygar T. , Okan Akçam M. , Arman Ayça 
Published: September 2004

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate cephalometrically the lower lip position and area of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) comparatively with Class I skeletodental normal subjects. Patients Lateral cephalometric and hand-wrist radiographs obtained from 24 patients with UCLP (mean age 12.86 years), along with 20 normal individuals (mean age 12.33 years) used as a control group, were examined. Design In addition to standard cephalometric dentofacial variables, lower lip area (superior, middle, inferior) was also measured using a digital planimeter on the lateral cephalograms. Results The superior and middle part of the lower lip areas were significantly smaller (p < .05) in the UCLP group, compared to the control group. The inferior and total lower lip areas of patients with UCLP were found to be significantly smaller than controls. The labiomental angle was also smaller (38.79 degrees). Conclusions The results suggest that the lower lip of patients with UCLP is smaller, retruded, and curved, with a deep labiomental sulcus, compared with normal individuals during puberty. Therefore, practitioners should focus not only on the upper lip of patients with UCLP but also should consider the lower lip as it was found distinct from normal individuals during puberty.
Heterostyly: speciation within a species
Authors: Sakai Shoko , Toquenaga Yukihiko 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAlmost all organisms in nature show nonrandom mating to different degrees. Two extreme results of nonrandom mating are speciation and sexual differentiation. Heterostyly is a form of sexual differentiation considered to have evolved to resolve conflicts between male and female functions of hermaphrodite flowers. Our study examines necessary and sufficient conditions for establishment of heterostyly using a configuration individual‐based model. Previous models assume invasion of a mutant phenotype into a population with monomorphic wild phenotype. In contrast, our model demonstrates that heterostyly can be established from a population with continuous phenotypic variation, a proposition that requires simpler assumptions than the previous hypotheses. Results of our simulation show that genetic linkage between stigma and anther heights is essential for establishment of heterostyly. Dominance effects on the genes for stamen or stigma heights are not necessary, but they promote evolution of heterostyly. Probability of evolution of heterostyly also depends on the functional relationship between stigma–anther distance and strength of sexual interference, and the distance and probability of pollen deposition success. Parallelity and difference between speciation and sexual differentiation are also discussed.
Characterization of the ligandin site of maize glutathione S-transferase I
Authors: AXARLI Irine A. , RIGDEN Daniel J. , LABROU Nikolaos E. 
Published: September 2004

Cytosolic GSTs (glutathione S-transferases) are a major reserve of high-capacity binding proteins and exhibit ligand-binding properties for a large variety of compounds. In the present study, the binding of two non-substrate anthraquinone dyes VBAR (Vilmafix Blue A-R) and CB3GA (Cibacron Blue 3GA) to maize (Zea mays) GST I was investigated. The results showed that the enzyme was specifically and irreversible inactivated by VBAR with a Kd of 35.5±2.2 μM and a k3 of 0.47 min−1. Proteolytic cleavage of the VBAR-modified enzyme and subsequent separation of peptides gave only one modified peptide. Sequencing of the modified peptide revealed the target site of VBAR reaction to be Lys41. CB3GA binds reversibly to GST I and behaves as a competitive inhibitor towards CDNB (1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene) and glutathione. CB3GA binding to GST I is accompanied by a characteristic spectral change in the absorption at positive maximum (670 nm) which exhibited a hyperbolic dependence on dye concentration with a Kd of 12.1±0.5 μM. Site-directed mutagenesis of selected residues (Trp12, Phe35, Lys41, Asn49, Gln53, Ser67 and Ile118) was employed, and the mutated enzymes were assessed for CB3GA binding. These results, together with molecular-modelling studies, established that the ligandin-binding site of GST I is located mainly in the hydrophobic binding site. The ability of VBAR to specifically inactivate GST I was exploited further to demonstrate the specific binding of several plant hormones and flavonoids to GST I. The inactivation of other GST isoenzymes by VBAR was also investigated, and it was concluded that VBAR may have wide applicability as an affinity label for probing structure–function relationships of GST isoenzymes.
Mammalian and Drosophila cells adhere to the laminin α4 LG4 domain through syndecans, but not glypicans
Authors: YAMASHITA Hironobu , GOTO Akira , KADOWAKI Tatsuhiko , KITAGAWA Yasuo 
Published: September 2004

We have previously shown that the LG4 (laminin G-like) domain of the laminin α4 chain is responsible for the significantly higher affinity of the α4 chain to heparin than found for other α chains [Yamaguchi, Yamashita, Mori, Okazaki, Nomizu, Beck and Kitagawa (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 29458–29465]; four basic residues were identified to be essential for this activity [Yamashita, Beck and Kitagawa (2004) J. Mol. Biol. 335, 1145–1149]. By creating GST (glutathione S-transferase)-fused LG1, LG2, LG4 and LG5 proteins, we found that only LG4 is active for the adhesion of human HT1080 cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells and Drosophila haemocytes Kc167 with a half-saturating concentration of 20 μg/ml. Adhesion was counteracted by treatment of the cells with heparin, heparan sulphate and heparitinase I. Upon mutating the four basic residues essential for heparin binding within LG4, the adhesion activity was abolished. Pull-down experiments using glutathione beads/GST-fusion proteins indicate a direct interaction of LG4 with syndecan-4, which might be the major receptor for cell adhesion. Neither the release of glypican-1 by treating human cells with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C nor targeted knockdown of dally or dally-like protein impaired the cell-adhesion activity. As the LG4–LG5 domain of the α4 chain is cleaved in vivo from the main body of laminin-8 (α4β1γ1), we suggest that the heparan sulphate proteoglycan-binding activity of LG4 is significant in modulating the signalling of Wnt, Decapentaplegic and fibroblast growth factors.
Highly sensitive intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic substrates for renin based on the combination of L-2-amino-3-(7-methoxy-4-coumaryl)propionic acid with 2,4-dinitrophenyl groups at various positions
Authors: PASCHALIDOU Katherine , NEUMANN Ulf , GERHARTZ Bernd , TZOUGRAKI Chryssa 
Published: September 2004

The development of renin inhibitors for the treatment of hypertension requires highly sensitive substrates to evaluate potency and to characterize the mechanism of tight-binding inhibitors. A series of intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic renin substrates, based on the N-terminal tetradecapeptide sequence of human angiotensinogen (hTDP), was synthesized using a solid-phase technique. Incorporation of the fluorescent amino acid L-Amp [L-2-amino-3-(7-methoxy-4-coumaryl)propionic acid] and the DNP (2,4-dinitrophenyl) group at various positions resulted in &gt;90% quenching efficiency and strong product fluorescence. Shortening the hTDP sequence to an octapeptide from histidine in P5 to histidine in P3′ (substrate 3) resulted in an acceptable kcat/Km (41000 M−1·s−1) and further systematic variation gave substrate 9, DNP-Lys-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu-Val-Ile-His-L-Amp, with a kcat/Km value of 350000 M−1·s−1 and 94% quenching efficiency. The free side chain of lysine, replacing the isoleucine residue at P6 position in the angiotensinogen sequence, contributed to the increased value for kcat. The pH dependence of kcat/Km for renin and substrate 9 showed that the optimal pH is at pH 6–7. It also showed two titrating groups on the acidic side of the pH optimum, and one titrating group with a pKa of 7.8 on the alkaline side. The combination of good kinetic and spectroscopic properties resulted in a &gt;20-fold improvement in the sensitivity of renin assay, compared with the commercial substrate Arg-Glu(EDANS)-Ile-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu-Val-Ile-His-Thr-Lys(DABCYL)-Arg {where EDANS is 5-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]naphthalene-1-sulphonic acid and DABCYL is 4-(4-dimethylaminophenylazo)benzoic acid} (kcat/Km=268000 M−1· s−1, quenching efficiency &lt;80%). The detection limit in a microplate renin assay was 60 pM, making substrate 9 well suited for the evaluation of inhibitors at picomolar concentrations.
Insertion of the amyloid precursor protein into lipid monolayers: effects of cholesterol and apolipoprotein E
Authors: LAHDO Raghda , de LA FOURNIÈRE-BESSUEILLE Laurence 
Published: September 2004

APP (amyloid precursor protein), together with Chol (cholesterol) and ApoE (apolipoprotein E), has been linked to Alzheimer's disease. We have examined the hypothesis that interaction of APP with the lipid membranes is modulated by Chol and ApoE. Insertion of APP into lipid monolayers was first evidenced as an increase in the surface pressure. APP injected into a subphase induced a substantial increase in the surface pressure of monolayers prepared from PC (L-α-phosphatidylcholine), Chol, SPM (sphingomyelin) and PS (L-α-phosphatidylserine), the major lipids present in the plasma membranes of brain cells. At a given initial pressure, the insertion of APP into expanded monolayers is higher than that in condensed monolayers, in the order Chol&gt;PC&gt;SPM&gt;PS. The membrane insertion capacity of APP was also measured from surface pressure versus area (π–A) isotherms of APP–lipid monolayers. The increase in the mean area per molecule in protein–lipid monolayers, in the order PC&gt;Chol&gt;PS&gt;SPM, provides further evidence for protein–lipid interactions. These interactions occurred at optimum salt levels and optimum pH values close to physiological conditions (150 mM NaCl and pH 7.4). In addition, ApoE4 affected the insertion of APP into lipid films. APP–ApoE complexes showed a decreased ability to penetrate lipid monolayers at a constant area. APP–ApoE complexes expanded the π–A isotherm of a Chol monolayer to a lesser extent than APP alone. These experiments demonstrate the roles of Chol and ApoE in the modulation of membrane insertion of APP.
Carbohydrate-binding modules: fine-tuning polysaccharide recognition
Authors: BORASTON Alisdair B. , BOLAM David N. , GILBERT Harry J. , DAVIES Gideon J. 
Published: September 2004

The enzymic degradation of insoluble polysaccharides is one of the most important reactions on earth. Despite this, glycoside hydrolases attack such polysaccharides relatively inefficiently as their target glycosidic bonds are often inaccessible to the active site of the appropriate enzymes. In order to overcome these problems, many of the glycoside hydrolases that utilize insoluble substrates are modular, comprising catalytic modules appended to one or more non-catalytic CBMs (carbohydrate-binding modules). CBMs promote the association of the enzyme with the substrate. In view of the central role that CBMs play in the enzymic hydrolysis of plant structural and storage polysaccharides, the ligand specificity displayed by these protein modules and the mechanism by which they recognize their target carbohydrates have received considerable attention since their discovery almost 20 years ago. In the last few years, CBM research has harnessed structural, functional and bioinformatic approaches to elucidate the molecular determinants that drive CBM–carbohydrate recognition. The present review summarizes the impact structural biology has had on our understanding of the mechanisms by which CBMs bind to their target ligands.
Syphilis bei HIV‐Koinfektion
Authors: Körber Andreas , Dissemond Joachim , Lehnen Michaela , Franckson Tom , Grabbe Stephan , Esser Stefan 
Published: September 2004

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren zeigt sich ein rapider Inzidenz‐Anstieg der Syphilis speziell in der Population homosexueller Männer. Aufgrund der erhöhten Suszeptibilität gegenüber einer HIV‐Infektion durch eine Syphilis‐Infektion, und dem wechselnden Sexualverhalten mit ansteigender Promiskuität und nachlassendem Kondomgebrauch, ist auch ein erneuter Anstieg der HIV‐Inzidenz in dieser Population zu beobachten. Der Verlauf der Syphilis zeigt bei HIV‐Koinfektion gehäuft klinisch atypische und foudroyante Verläufe. Stadienspezifisch finden sich bei der Manifestation der Syphilis bei HIV‐Koinfektion im Primärstadium vermehrt multiple Ulzerationen, im Sekundärstadium zahlreiche atypische kutane Variationen, sowie gehäuft eine rasche Progression ins Sekundär‐ oder Tertiärstadium. Aufgrund häufiger Serumabnormitäten und falsch positiver/negativer Testergebnisse ist auch die serologische Diagnostik erschwert. Eine erhöhte Affektion des ZNS durch die HIV‐Koinfektion wird aktuell kontrovers diskutiert und konnte in prospektiven Studien bislang nicht eindeutig belegt werden. Eine Liquordiagnostik aller HIV‐Koinfizierten mit Spätsyphilis oder unklarem Infektionszeitpunkt wird jedoch bereits heute von der WHO und CDC empfohlen. Die Therapie der Syphilis bei HIV‐Koinfektion ist mit Penicillin weltweit weitestgehend einheitlich. So wird die Frühsyphilis mit 2,4 Mio. IE Benzathin‐Penicillin ein bzw. zweimalig und die Spätsyphilis mit zwei bzw. dreimaliger Gabe von 2,4 Mio. IE Benzathin‐Penicillin jeweils i. m. therapiert. Bei klinischen oder serologischen Zeichen einer Neurosyphilis sollte mit 18 – 24 Mio. IE Penicillin über mindestens 14 Tage i.v. therapiert werden.
Authors and open access publishing
Authors: Swan Alma , Brown Sheridan 
Published: September 2004

ABSTRACTSurveys were carried out to learn more about authors and open access publishing. Awareness of open access journals among those who had not published in them was quite high; awareness of ‘self‐archiving’ was less. For open access journal authors the most important reason for publishing in that way was the principle of free access; their main concerns were grants and impact. Authors who had not published in an open access journal attributed that to unfamiliarity with such journals. Forty per cent of authors have self‐archived their traditional journal articles and almost twice as many say they would do so if required to.
BarleyExpress: a web-based submission tool for enriched microarray database annotations
Authors: Tang Xiaoyun , Shen Lishuang , Dickerson Julie A. 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
Summary: BarleyExpress is a web-based microarray experiment data submission tool for BarleyBase, a public data resource of Affymetrix GeneChip® data for plants. BarleyExpress uses the Plant Ontology vocabularies and enhances the MIAME guidelines to standardize the annotation of microarray gene expression experiments. In addition, BarleyExpress provides explicit support for factorial experiment design and template loading methods to ease the submission process for large experiments.
Availability: http://barleybase.org
Contact: julied@iastate.edu
Supplementary information: BarleyExpress Users Manual.
A more efficient search strategy for aging genes based on connectivity
Authors: Ferrarini Luca , Bertelli Luca , Feala Jacob , McCulloch Andrew D. , Paternostro Giovanni 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
Motivation: Many aging genes have been found from unbiased screens in model organisms. Genetic interventions promoting longevity are usually quantitative, while in many other biological fields (e.g. development) null mutations alone have been very informative. Therefore, in the case of aging the task is larger and the need for a more efficient genetic search strategy is especially strong.
Results: The topology of genetic and metabolic networks is organized according to a scale-free distribution, in which hubs with large numbers of links are present. We have developed a computational model of aging genes as the hubs of biological networks. The computational model shows that, after generalized damage, the function of a network with scale-free topology can be significantly restored by a limited intervention on the hubs. Analyses of data on aging genes and biological networks support the applicability of the model to biological aging. The model also might explain several of the properties of aging genes, including the high degree of conservation across different species. The model suggests that aging genes tend to have a higher number of connections and therefore supports a strategy, based on connectivity, for prioritizing what might otherwise be a random search for aging genes.
Contact: giovanni@burnham.org
easyLINKAGE: a PERL script for easy and automated two-/multi-point linkage analyses
Authors: Lindner Tom H. , Hoffmann K. 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
Summary: We have generated the program easyLINKAGE that combines automated setup and performance of linkage analyses and simulation under an easy to handle graphical user interface for Microsoft Windows 2000/XP and standard UNIX systems. The program package supports two-point linkage analyses (FastLink v4.1 and SPLink v1.09), multi-point linkage analyses [GENEHUNTER v2.1, GENEHUNTER-PLUS with the emendation by Kong and Cox v1.2 (allele sharing modelling)] and the simulation package SLINK v2.65, and provides genome-wide as well as chromosomal postscript plots of LOD scores, NPL scores, P-values and other parameters.
Availability: http://www.uni-wuerzburg.de/nephrologie/molecular_genetics/molecular_genetics.htm
Contact: tom.lindner@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary information is available on the website.
Tracker: continuous HMMER and BLAST searching
Authors: Marchin Madelaine , Kelly Paul T. , Fang Jianwen 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
Summary: Tracker is a web-based email alert system for monitoring protein database searches using HMMER and Blast-P, nucleotide searches using Blast-N and literature searches of the PubMed database. Users submit searches via a web-based interface. Searches are saved and run against updated databases to alert users about new information. If there are new results from the saved searches, users will be notified by email and will then be able to access results and link to additional information on the NCBI website. Tracker supports Boolean AND/OR operations on HMMER and BLASTP result sets to allow users to broaden or narrow protein searches.
Availability: The server is located at http://jay.bioinformatics.ku.edu/tracker/index.html. A distribution package including detailed installation procedure is freely available from http://jay.bioinformatics.ku.edu/download/tracker/
Contact: jwfang@ku.edu