bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiplant manufacturing strategies among the fortune 500
Authors: Schmenner Roger W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper identifies and examines four distinct multiplant strategies prevailing within the nation's largest manufacturing companies. These multiplant strategies govern the charters under which plants operate, thus helping to insure focused factory operations. Using detailed data drawn from over 300 plants, the paper reports on the apparent attractiveness of different strategies to different industry groups and singles out those specific plant characteristics which Fortune 500 plants attribute most often to each strategy. This information can aid in the assignment of plant charters, within company operating divisions.
Using decision modeling to examine management consensus: A study of a maintenance management control system
Authors: Stahl Michael J. , Zimmerer Thomas W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractUsing a decision modeling approach, this research examined differences across levels of management in a large construction company concerning the criteria for a maintenance management control system. The six criteria were cost efficiency, productivity improvement, materials management, unification of work control, planning and scheduling, and information and retrieval. A decision‐making exercise was constructed that asked the respondent to make recommendations concerning the approval or disapproval of 32 hypothetical maintenance management systems. Among the 60 managers who completed the exercise, there was evidence of significant differences across levels of management concerning the criteria for a maintenance management control system. Additionally, distortions were observed between what the managers said was important and what their decisions indicated. These data demonstrate that the decision modeling approach presented can be effectively used to examine the degree of consensus within an organization.
A note on stopping rules for rolling production scheduling
Authors: Kropp Dean H. , Carlson Robert C. , Beckman Sara L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractInstead of solving fixed horizon production scheduling problems with specified terminal inventory conditions, we use forecasting to extend the problem horizon until stopping rule conditions are met. Major questions for this procedure relate to how to provide data for the extended problem and when to stop the process. We provide extensive computational results indicating that relatively simple methods perform quite well.
The cost of inflated planned lead times in MRP systems
Authors: John Ralph St. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMuch of the current literature in the field of production and inventory control systems stresses the need to revise traditional forms of thinking regarding production processes, the role of inventories for work in process, and the need for reduced lead times or flow times. Group technology, manufacturing cells, and other means of incorporating repetitive manufacturing techniques into traditional job‐shop settings constitute the leading edge in system development.Still, there is resistance to these dramatic changes, and traditional “business as usual” methods still predominate. This study attempts to illustrate graphically the cost justification associated with reduction in lead times which generally results from these new concepts. In most job shops today, lead times are much longer than they need to be due to inflation of lead time estimates. Actual lead times for the manufacture of fabricated and assembled products have been shown to be a direct consequence of the planning lead times used in the MRP planning process—a form of self‐fulfilling prophesy.The research employs a simulation model of a factory using MRP as a planning tool in a multiproduct, multilevel production environment. Manufacturing costs constitute the dependent variable in the experiments, defined as the sum of material costs (including expedite premiums), direct labor costs (including overtime premiums), inventory carrying costs, and overhead costs. The independent variable being manipulated is the planned lead time offset used in the MRP planning process. Twenty values of planned lead time are evaluated ranging from a value that includes no slack time at all (pure assembly line) up to a value that allows 95% slack (queue) time which, unfortunately, is not uncommon in many job shops today. Stochastic variables in the model include customer demand and actual processing times—the sum of set‐up and run times.The result of the study is a cost curve formed over the range of independent lead time variables that is constructed using nonlinear regression techniques. The conclusions from the resultant graph clearly indicate the cost consequences of long lead times, with exponential cost increases beyond the 80–90% queue time level. Total costs are 41% higher at the maximum lead time allowance compared to the minimum. Clearly, this study demonstrates the need for lead time reduction, either through downward adjustment of MRP planned lead times or by introducing new manufacturing concepts.
Production lot sizing for deterministic rolling schedules
Authors: Bookbinder James H. , H'ng Bak‐Tee 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this article, we study production planning for a rolling horizon in which demands are known with certainty for a given number of periods in the future (the forecast window M). The rolling horizon approach implements only the earliest production decision before the model is rerun. The next production plan will again be based on M periods of future demand information, and its first lot‐sizing decision will be implemented.Six separate lot‐sizing methods were evaluated for use in a rolling schedule. These include the Wagner‐Whitin algorithm, the Silver‐Meal heuristic, Maximum Part‐Period Gain of Karni, Heuristics 1 and 2 of Bookbinder and Tan, and Modification 1 to the Silver‐Meal heuristic by Silver and Miltenburg.The performance of each lot‐sizing rule was studied for demands simulated from the following distributions: normal, uniform (each with four different standard deviations); bimodal uniform (two types); and trend seasonal (both increasing and decreasing trends). We considered four values of the setup cost (leading to natural ordering cycles in an EOQ model of three, four, five, and six periods) and forecast windows in the range 2 ⩽ M ⩽ 20.Eight 300‐period replications were performed for each combination of demand pattern, setup cost, and lot‐sizing method. The analysis thus required consideration of 2304 300‐period replications (6 lot‐sizing methods × 12 demand patterns × 4 values of setup cost × 8 realizations), each of which was solved for nineteen different values of the forecast window M. The performance of the lot‐sizing methods was evaluated on the basis of their average cost increase over the optimal solution to each 300‐period problem, as though all these demands were known initially.For smaller forecast windows, say 4 ⩽ M ⩽ 8, the most effective lot‐sizing rules were Heuristic 2 of Bookbinder and Tan and the modified Silver‐Meal heuristic. Rolling schedules from each were generally 1% to 5% in total cost above that of the optimal 300‐period solution. For larger forecast windows, M ⩾ 10 or so, the most effective lot‐sizing method was the Wagner‐Whitin algorithm. In agreement with other research on this problem, we found that the value of M at which the Wagner‐Whitin algorithm first becomes the most effective lot‐sizing rule is a decreasing function of the standard deviation of the demand distribution.
Coping with the build‐to‐forecast environment
Authors: Raturi Amitabh S. , Meredith Jack R. , McCutcheon David M. , Camm Jeffrey D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHigh‐value‐added manufacturing companies today confront a competitive trend toward greater product customization in the face of reduced response times. This scenario is encountered most often in industries like machine tools, heavy construction equipment, heavy manufacturing in general and computer software and hardware. The product is highly customized, yet competition requires manufacturers to deliver it with lead times significantly shorter than the manufacturing lead time. Generally, the scheduling practice here is to release the manufacturing order before the customer order is released and subsequently match incoming customer orders to units in progress. This is referred to as the “build‐to‐forecast” (BTF) approach. This study investigated the coping mechanisms used by manufacturing firms to alleviate this dilemma. The tactics vary with the firm's business strategy, its operating environment, and its capabilities.We report on three case studies from firms building heavy machinery. The firms are similar in terms of the range of final product values, build times, customer delivery times and the very large number of components. Also, their operations require the use of a variety of flexible and dedicated resources. Flexibility in manufacturing processes, modular bills of materials, subcontracting and expediting are some of the approaches that these firms use to help resolve the double bind of short lead times and high levels of customization.We review some of the operational problems peculiar to the build‐to‐forecast environment and suggest alternative approaches for dealing with them. The coping mechanisms are grouped according to the manner by which they help relieve the BTF problem's severity. One set of mechanisms makes the problem less complex by simplifying products or the production process. Another set reduces the risks due to uncertainty in demand or supply. The third set provides engineering and manufacturing slack. While some or all of the mechanisms are used by the manufacturing firms studied, the predominance of particular mechanisms in each firm is explained by a contingency model developed in this paper.The case studies provide useful insights into the nature of the problem and how the firm's organizational environment often dictates the choice of mechanisms used to alleviate it. For example, these firms minimized their scheduling dilemmas with modular product designs, flexible processes, informal organization structures, or formal control mechanisms for limiting customization. We conclude by framing a number of research questions whose solutions would help such firms better manage their operations.
A goal programming approach to the cell formation problem
Authors: Shafer Scott M. , Rogers David F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCellular manufacturing is employed to achieve efficiencies in production by exploiting similarities inherent in the production of parts. Specifically, parts with similar processing requirements are identified and the equipment necessary to process these groups of parts is identified and located together. Several important design objectives associated with cellular manufacturing are to: 1) reduce setup times, 2) produce parts cell complete, i.e., minimize intercellular movements of parts, 3) minimize investment in new equipment, and 4) maintain acceptable machine utilization levels.The goal of this research was to develop a cell formation procedure that directly addressed these design objectives. To achieve this, three goal programming models were developed corresponding to three unique situations: (1) setting up an entirely new system and purchasing all new equipment, (2) reorganizing the system using only existing equipment, and (3) reorganizing the system using existing equipment and some new equipment.Several assumptions were made in the development of the goal programming models. First, it was assumed that each part had a fixed routing. Also, it was assumed that the processing times for the parts at each machine, the demand for each part, and the capacity and cost of each machine were known. In addition it was assumed that a given machine type could be placed in more than one cell and that the sequence in which the parts are processed affects setup times. Finally, it was assumed that a batch of each part is produced every production cycle and that only one batch of parts is processed in a particular cell at any given time.Clearly defining the objectives and constraints associated with the cell formation problem is the major contribution of the three formulations. Correct identification of the problem and the relationships inherent to cellular manufacturing is a necessary first step in the decision process that heretofore has not received adequate attention. However, because of the large number of 0/1 variables contained in the goal programming formulations they are very difficult to solve for realistically‐sized problems. Thus, a heuristic solution procedure is presented. The heuristic solution procedure involved partitioning the goal programming formulations into two Subproblems and solving them in successive stages. A numerical example is presented that illustrates the two‐stage heuristic procedure.
Scaling limits and regularity results for a class of Ginzburg–Landau systems
Authors: Jerrard Robert L. , Soner Halil Mete 
Published: October 2002

We study a class of parabolic systems which includes the Ginzburg–Landau heat flow equation,

u_{t}^{ \epsilon } - \Delta u^{ \epsilon } + \frac{1}{ \epsilon ^{2}}(|u^{ \epsilon }|^{2} - 1)u^{ \epsilon } = 0

for

u^ϵ: \mathbf R^d → \mathbf R^2

, as well as some natural quasilinear generalizations for functions taking values in

\mathbf R^k

,

k ≥ 2

.

We prove that for solutions of the general system, the limiting support as

ϵ → 0

of the energy measure is a codimension

k

manifold which evolves via mean curvature.

We also establish some local regularity results which hold uniformly in

ϵ

. In particular, we establish a small-energy regularity theorem for the general system, and we prove a stronger regularity result for the usual Ginzburg–Landau equation on

\mathbf R^2

.

Résumé
Nous étudions une classe de systèmes paraboliques qui comprennent l’equation de chaleur Ginzburg–Landau,

u_{t}^{ ϵ } - \Delta u^{ ϵ } + \frac{1}{ ϵ ^{2}}(|u^{ϵ }t|^{2} - 1)u^{ ϵ } = 0

pour

u^ϵ : \mathbf R^d → \mathbf R^2

, ainsi que des généralisations quasilinéaires pour des fonctions prenant leurs valeurs dans

\mathbf R^k

,

k ≥ 2

.

Nous prouvons que, pour les solutions du système général, le support limite (lorsque

ϵ → 0

) de mèsure d’énergie est une varieté de codimension

k

qui évolue selon sa courbure moyenne.

Nous établissons en addition quelques resultats de regularité locale, qui sont valides uniformement en

ϵ

.
Happy birthday neuroleptics! 50 years later: la folie du doute
Authors: Stip Emmanuel 
Published: October 2002

SummaryGiven that we are celebrating the 50th birthday of neuroleptics introduction in psychiatry, the author proposes to take a look at certain results related to therapeutic practice. After a brief chronological literature review of the clinical practices and theoretical models that have controlled drug treatment of schizophrenia, the author presents a critical review of four meta-analyses. Since Delay, Deniker and Harl’s initial report, the story of neuroleptics comprises several periods. In 1963, the hyper-dopaminergic theory of psychoses was proposed. Another period began with models mainly based on the serotonin/dopamine relative blockade receptor hypothesis. More recently, a new framework to understand the differential effect of antipsychotics is related to the appropriate modulation (e.g., fast dissociation) of the D2 receptor alone. The concept of atypicality has become a new vista for research and to market new compounds. However, after 50 years of neuroleptic drugs, are we able to answer the following simple questions: Are neuroleptics effective in treating schizophrenia? Is there a difference between atypical and conventional neuroleptics? How do the efficacy and safety of newer antipsychotic drugs compare with those of clozapine? Actually, the answers yielded by these simple questions by meta-analysis should elicit in us a good deal of humility. If we wish to base psychiatry on evidence-based medicine, we run a genuine risk in taking a closer look at what has long been considered fact. Each psychiatrist must continue to be critical, sceptical, optimistic (not overoptimistic) and to learn in order to integrate the positive aspects of our growing knowledge base.
The CCK-A receptor gene possibly associated with auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia
Authors: Wei J. , Hemmings G.P. 
Published: October 2002

SummaryIn this study, a PstI polymorphic site with two individual alleles, namely A1 and A2, was identified within the boundary between intron 1 and exon 2 of the cholecystokinin (CCK) type A receptor gene. The PstI polymorphic site was used as a genetic marker to study its association with psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. A significant difference in allelic frequency was found between schizophrenic patients with and without auditory hallucinations (χ2 = 6.26, df = 1, P = 0.012), and the odds ratio for the allelic association was 2.21 (95% CI 1.18–4.15) with an attributable fraction of 0.1. The frequency of A1-A1 and A1-A2 genotypes showed a significant excess in schizophrenic patients with auditory hallucinations as compared to those without such symptoms (χ2 = 5.45, df = 1, P = 0.02), and the odds ratio for the genotypic association was 2.27 (95% CI 1.13–4.57) with an attributable fraction of 0.177. The haplotype-based haplotype relative risk (HHRR) test revealed a significant difference between transmitted and non-transmitted alleles in nuclear families of schizophrenic patients with auditory hallucinations (χ2 = 4.54, df = 1,P = 0.033) but not in those of schizophrenic patients without them. The present study suggests that the CCK-A receptor gene may be associated with auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia.
A new questionnaire assessing the opinions of the relatives of patients with schizophrenia on the causes and social consequences of the disorder: reliability and validity
Authors: Magliano L. , Marasco C. , Guarneri M. , Malangone C. , Lacrimini G. , Zanus P. , Maj M. 
Published: October 2002

SummaryThis paper describes the development and the validation of a questionnaire assessing the opinions of the relatives of patients with schizophrenia on the causes and the social consequences of the disorder. The final version of the questionnaire includes 28 items, grouped in four sub-scales (social restrictions, social distance, utility of treatments, biopsychosocial causes of schizophrenia), whose intra-rater reliability ranges from 0.36 to 0.84. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which tests the content validity of the sub-scales, ranges from 0.56 to 0.66. Factor analysis identifies two factors (opinions on social consequences and the utility of treatments, and the beliefs on the causes of schizophrenia), which account for the 73% of the total variance. This questionnaire may be particularly useful to assess relatives'beliefs about schizophrenia and to target psychosocial interventions in the families of patients with schizophrenia.
Genome-Wide Identification of Nodule-Specific Transcripts in the Model Legume Medicago truncatula
Authors: Fedorova Maria , van de Mortel Judith , Matsumoto Peter A. , Cho Jennifer , Town Christopher D. , VandenBosch Kathryn A. , Gantt J. Stephen , Vance Carroll P. 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
The Medicago truncatula expressed sequence tag (EST) database (Gene Index) contains over 140,000 sequences from 30 cDNA libraries. This resource offers the possibility of identifying previously uncharacterized genes and assessing the frequency and tissue specificity of their expression in silico. BecauseM. truncatula forms symbiotic root nodules, unlike Arabidopsis, this is a particularly important approach in investigating genes specific to nodule development and function in legumes. Our analyses have revealed 340 putative gene products, or tentative consensus sequences (TCs), expressed solely in root nodules. These TCs were represented by two to 379 ESTs. Of these TCs, 3% appear to encode novel proteins, 57% encode proteins with a weak similarity to the GenBank accessions, and 40% encode proteins with strong similarity to the known proteins. Nodule-specific TCs were grouped into nine categories based on the predicted function of their protein products. Besides previously characterized nodulins, other examples of highly abundant nodule-specific transcripts include plantacyanin, agglutinin, embryo-specific protein, and purine permease. Six nodule-specific TCs encode calmodulin-like proteins that possess a unique cleavable transit sequence potentially targeting the protein into the peribacteroid space. Surprisingly, 114 nodule-specific TCs encode small Cys cluster proteins with a cleavable transit peptide. To determine the validity of the in silico analysis, expression of 91 putative nodule-specific TCs was analyzed by macroarray and RNA-blot hybridizations. Nodule-enhanced expression was confirmed experimentally for the TCs composed of five or more ESTs, whereas the results for those TCs containing fewer ESTs were variable.
Hydrops fetalis–associated congenital dyserythropoietic anemia treated with intrauterine transfusions and bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Remacha Angel F. , Badell Isabel , Pujol-Moix Núria , Parra Juan , Muñiz-Diaz Eduardo , Ginovart Gemma , Sardà M. Pilar , Hernández Angel , Moliner Elisenda , Torrent Montserrat 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
Hydrops fetalis is rarely caused by congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA). We report a patient with hydrops fetalis as a result of severe anemia. This patient needed intrauterine transfusions from 21 weeks of gestation until birth. The hematologic study showed an atypical CDA (hydrops fetalis–associated CDA) characterized by features resembling CDA type II, but negative acidified serum lysis test (HEMPAS negative). The patient was regularly transfused for a year, after which an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from an HLA-identical sibling was successfully carried out. His actual hemoglobin is 127 g/L, and he has not received transfusions for more than a year. In conclusion, intrauterine transfusions and BMT could cure an otherwise lethal atypical CDA.
Complete remission through blast cell differentiation inPLZF/RARα-positive acute promyelocytic leukemia: in vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Petti Maria C. , Fazi Francesco , Gentile Massimo , Diverio Daniela , De Fabritiis Paolo , De Propris M. Stefania , Fiorini Roberto , Spiriti Maria A. Aloe , Padula Fabrizio , Pelicci Pier Giuseppe , Nervi Clara , Lo Coco Francesco 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
Acute leukemia with the t(11;17) expressing the PLZF-RARαgene fusion is a rare variant of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) that has been associated with poor clinical response to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment. However, some recent reports have put into question the absolute refractoriness of this leukemia to ATRA. We describe here a patient withPLZF/RARα APL who was treated at relapse with ATRA and low-dose hydroxyurea. Complete hematologic remission was obtained through differentiation of leukemic blasts, as proven by morphologic, immunophenophenotypic, and genetic studies carried out in sequential bone marrow samples. Moreover, in vitro studies indicated that blast differentiation was potentiated by the addition of the histone deacetylase inhibitor tricostatin A, but not of hydroxyurea, to ATRA. Our findings indicate that the maturation block may be overcome and terminal differentiation obtained in this leukemia subset and support the view that sensitivity/refractoriness of this form to ATRA should be revisited.