bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic and genotypic variation in Australian native Sorghum species along aridity clines
Authors: Myrans Harry , McCausland Jack R. , Johnson Scott N. , Gleadow Roslyn M. 
Published: January 2024

Context Wild sorghum taxa (Sorghum Moench) cover much of the northern Australian landscape and harbour potentially useful traits for crop improvement. Specialised metabolites such as phenolics, silicon and cyanogenic glucosides (which are toxic to grazing animals) are present in Sorghum and have been associated with drought tolerance. However, these taxa remain poorly studied, especially regarding intraspecific variation. Aims To investigate the intraspecific diversity of wild sorghums growing along aridity clines, including morphology, biochemistry and genotype. We hypothesised that genotypic and phenotypic diversity would co-vary with niche diversity. Methods Multiple accessions of Sorghum plumosum, S. stipoideum and S. timorense were grown under common conditions for 10 weeks. Concentrations of cyanogenic glucosides, phenolics and silicon were measured alongside five morphological traits. Accessions were genotyped using single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Key results Several traits varied significantly within species, but no trait consistently co-varied with aridity across species. In S. timorense, there appeared to be genotypic differentiation among accessions, but this was not translated into phenotypic differences, which was likely to be due to similarities in climate. Conclusions Our results challenge assumptions that phenotypic and genotypic diversity correlate with niche diversity and support the hypothesis that mature Australian wild sorghums store most of their cyanogenic glucosides in their roots. Implications Wild sorghums harbour advantageous traits for crop improvement, such as niche diversity and low toxicity. Future wild sorghum research must acknowledge intraspecific diversity, and as many populations as possible should be conserved, because genetic diversity is not necessarily discernible from phenotype or provenance alone.
Atterberg limits of baseball infield soils containing over-size particles, Part I: effect of particle size
Authors: Mascitti Evan Christopher , McNitt Andrew Scott , Drohan Patrick J. 
Published: January 2024

Context The performance of baseball infield playing surfaces greatly depends on soil water content. Therefore, Atterberg limit tests may be useful when evaluating baseball infield soils because these tests directly link soil behaviour to water content. The tests’ utility for this application is limited by the standard practice of removing particles larger than 425 μm. Removing particles of 425–2000 μm makes it difficult to compare results for soils having different sand gradations because different amounts of sand are often removed. The implications of leaving particles of 425–2000 μm in the sample are not known. Aims This research was conducted to re-appraise the practice of removing ‘oversize’ particles prior to Atterberg limit testing and to clarify the oversize particles’ influence on the test results. Methods Six size grades of granular particles (termed ‘coarse additions’) corresponding to five individual size ranges of sand (2000–1000, 1000–500, 500–250, 250–150, and 150–53 μm) and silt (i.e. finer than 53 μm) were mixed with a kaolinitic clay at 0–80% coarse addition. The liquid limit (LL) and plastic limit (PL) were determined for each mixture. Key results The LL and PL decreased proportionally with sand or silt additions up to about 30% coarse content. Above 30%, particles finer than 425 μm produced greater deviations from the expected LL and PL than did the particles coarser than 425 μm, which would be prevented using current standard test methods. Conclusions Mixes containing these ‘oversize’ particles did not preclude the ability to complete the Casagrande cup or thread rolling tests, and in fact gave more predictable results than the currently-allowed particles, particularly those less than 250 μm in diameter. Implications This research suggests particles of 425–2000 μm can remain in soils during Atterberg limit tests. These findings may improve the utility of LL and PL tests for comparing baseball infield mixes.
On the (Non)Hadamard property of the SJ state in a
1+1
D causal diamond
Authors: Rocky Zhu Yifeng , Yazdi Yasaman K 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Sorkin–Johnston (SJ) state is a candidate physical vacuum state for a scalar field in a generic curved spacetime. It has the attractive feature that it is covariantly and uniquely defined in any globally hyperbolic spacetime, often reflecting the underlying symmetries if there are any. A potential drawback of the SJ state is that it does not always satisfy the Hadamard condition. In this work, we study the extent to which the SJ state in a

1
+
1

D causal diamond is Hadamard, finding that it is not Hadamard at the boundary. We then study the softened SJ state, which is a slight modification of the original state to make it Hadamard. We use the softened SJ state to investigate whether some peculiar features of entanglement entropy in causal set theory may be linked to its non-Hadamard nature.
Charged Lifshitz black holes from general covariance breaking
Authors: Moreira D C , Lemos A S , Brito F A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this work we use a general covariance breaking mechanism to obtain a class of charged black holes whose background geometry asymptotically approaches Lifshitz spacetimes. We discuss how this method affects Einstein’s equations and explore the thermodynamics and critical behavior of the solution found.
Research on the influence of intra-cavity dispersion on pulse characteristics of a quartic soliton fiber laser
Authors: Wen Honglin , Liu Lie , Han Ying , Gao Xiaotong , Gu Haijun , Sun Yadong , Gao Bo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We numerically investigate the influence of higher-order dispersion on the dynamics of quartic solitons in a passively mode-locked fiber laser. The simulation results show that the output pulse characteristics of the quartic soliton fiber laser are not only affected by the intra-cavity net dispersion but also related to the position of the single-mode fiber (SMF). For different intra-cavity net higher-order dispersion values, the quartic soliton undergoes multiple alternations between the stable single soliton state and pulsating state in the fiber laser, and the number and intensity of Kelly sidebands in the output pulse spectrum are significantly different. For different positions of the SMF, the dynamics of the quartic soliton are also different. In addition, we also observe two types of novel pulsation-creeping behavior and time shift. These findings provide new insights into the output characteristics of quartic solitons in fiber lasers.
Inner-shell photoelectron spectroscopy unveils the interplay between hydrogen bonds and
π−π
stacking in clusters of biomolecules in the gas phase: hypoxanthine clusters as a case study
Authors: Barreiro-Lage Darío , Mattioli Giuseppe , Nicolafrancesco Chiara , Rousseau Patrick , Milosavljević Aleksandar R , Díaz-Tendero Sergio 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We present a joint theoretical-experimental study on the inner-shell photoionization of hypoxanthine clusters in the gas phase. Simulations were performed using a computational strategy that combines molecular dynamics to explore the conformers of the clusters, density functional theory for geometry optimization and inner shell photoionization calculations. Two main intermolecular interactions are observed: hydrogen-bonds (HB) and

π
−
π

stacking. When increasing the cluster size, a combination of both kinds of interaction occurs. We show that such intermolecular interactions play a role in the chemical shift observed in X-ray photoemission spectroscopy experiments. In particular, we highlight the interplay between charge depletion and charge accumulation in regions where HBs stabilize the clusters.
GPS + 5G fusion for high-precision time transfer
Authors: Liu Mingyue , Tu Rui , Li Fangxin , Chen Qiushi , Li Qi , Chen Junmei , Zhang Pengfei , Lu Xiaochun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
With the continuous development and increasing popularity of the fifth generation (5G) of mobile communications technology, its fusion with the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data can effectively improve problems with service interruptions or poor satellite signal reception. In this study, GPS and 5G data were fused, and the resulting experimental algorithm showed that it effective improves time transfer’s frequency stability and reliability. Moreover, this technique reduced the noise level of time-transmitted clock offset sequences, while suppressing short-term mutations. By simulating different degrees of satellite signal occlusion, it was further verified that the GPS + 5G fusion method can provide stable, high-precision, and real-time delivery services under complex occluded environments insufficient satellite signal reception. This provides a reference for high-precision time transfer technology in complex environments and further improves the reliability of GNSS high-precision time transfer.
Design and analysis of parallel six-dimensional force sensor based on near-singular characteristics
Authors: Cai Dajun , Yao Jiantao , Gao Weihua , Zhang Hongyu , Li Zeyu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The high sensitivity six-dimensional force sensor is the core component of intelligent robot force feedback perception, which is related to the structure of the sensor. This paper proposes a new modeling method to chain the near singular eight-branch Stewart mechanism, which indicates the relationship between structural parameters and sensitivity. The new method gains 16 new configurations by innovating the traditional Stewart institution. A configuration with high sensitivity in Fz, Mx and My directions is selected for further study. The theoretical stiffness model and force mapping model show that the sensitivity of the new structure can be amplified by 4 times in specific degrees of freedom. The results show that the nonlinear error and coupling error are 2.77% and 2.26%, respectively. The proposed method can be widely applied in the field of parallel six-dimensional force sensors.
Response of Mg2X (X = Si, Ge and Sn) compounds to extreme uniaxial compression: first-principles calculations
Authors: Behar Fatima Zohra , Meskine Said , Boukortt Abdelkader , Benbedra Abdesamed 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, we perform first-principles calculations using density functional theory to examine the structural, electronic, thermodynamic, and thermoelectric properties of the Mg2X (X = Si, Ge and Sn) compounds under uniaxial compression within the generalized gradient and modified Becke–Johnson approximations. It is found that the band gap of Mg2Si, Mg2Ge and Mg2Sn decreases with applied uniaxial pressure and changes its direction from Γ-X to Γ-K. The results of phonon frequencies indicate that the studied compounds are dynamically stable at zero and higher uniaxial strains. Furthermore, the uniaxial compression and temperature dependence of the Gibbs free energy, heat capacity and thermal expansion coefficient are investigated in the frame of the quasi-harmonic approximation. The semiclassical-Boltzmann method is used to study the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and figure of merit ZT as a function of both temperature and uniaxial pressure. It is shown that the Seebeck coefficient decreases with increasing pressure whereas thermal conductivity increases, which leads to the lowering in the value of ZT and thus to a worse thermoelectric performance of the studied materials.
Comparison of two methods simulating inter-track interactions using the radiobiological Monte Carlo toolkit TOPAS-nBio
Authors: Derksen Larissa , Adeberg Sebastian , Zink Klemens , Baumann Kilian-Simon 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective. To compare two independently developed methods that enable modelling inter-track interactions in TOPAS-nBio by examining the yield of radiolytic species in radiobiological Monte Carlo track structure simulations. One method uses a phase space file to assign more than one primary to one event, allowing for inter-track interaction between these primary particles. This method has previously been developed by this working group and published earlier. Using the other method, chemical reactions are simulated based on a new version of the independent reaction time approach to allow inter-track interactions. Approach.
G-values were calculated and compared using both methods for different numbers of tracks able to undergo inter-track interactions. Main results. Differences in the G-values simulated with the two methods strongly depend on the molecule type, and deviations can range up to 3.9% (H2O2), although, on average, the deviations are smaller than 1.5%. Significance. Both methods seem to be suitable for simulating inter-track interactions, as they provide comparable G-values even though both techniques were developed independently of each other.
Interactive segmentation of medical images using deep learning
Authors: Zhao Xiaoran , Pan Haixia , Bai Wenpei , Li Bin , Wang Hongqiang , Zhang Meng , Li Yanan , Zhang Dongdong , Geng Haotian , Chen Minghuang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Medical image segmentation algorithms based on deep learning have achieved good segmentation results in recent years, but they require a large amount of labeled data. When performing pixel-level labeling on medical images, labeling a target requires marking ten or even hundreds of points along its edge, which requires a lot of time and labor costs. To reduce the labeling cost, we utilize a click-based interactive segmentation method to generate high-quality segmentation labels. However, in current interactive segmentation algorithms, only the interaction information clicked by the user and the image features are fused as the input of the backbone network (so-called early fusion). The early fusion method has the problem that the interactive information is much sparse at this time. Furthermore, the interactive segmentation algorithms do not take into account the boundary problem, resulting in poor model performance. So we propose early fusion and late fusion strategy to prevent the interaction information from being diluted prematurely and make better use of the interaction information. At the same time, we propose a decoupled head structure, by extracting the image boundary information, and combining the boundary loss function to establish the boundary constraint term, so that the network can pay more attention to the boundary information and further improve the performance of the network. Finally, we conduct experiments on three medical datasets (Chaos, VerSe and Uterine Myoma MRI) to verify the effectiveness of our network. The experimental results show that our network greatly improved compared with the baseline, and NoC@80(the number of interactive clicks over 80% of the IoU threshold) improved by 0.1, 0.1, and 0.2. In particular, we have achieved a NoC@80 score of 1.69 on Chaos. According to statistics, manual annotation takes 25 min to label a case(Uterine Myoma MRI). Annotating a medical image with our method can be done in only 2 or 3 clicks, which can save more than 50% of the cost.
Hydrophilic and hydrophobic shape memory polymer networks in high-intensity focused ultrasound fields
Authors: Xi Jiaxin , Sallam Ahmed , Safranski David L , Mirzaeifar Reza , Shahab Shima 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been investigated as a remote and controlled activation method to noninvasively actuate shape memory polymers (SMPs), specifically in biomedical applications. However, the effects of aqueous environment on shape recoverability of in vivo HIFU-actuated SMPs have yet to be explored. HIFU directs sound waves into a millimeter-sized tightly focused region. In this study, the response of hydrophilic and hydrophobic photopolymerized thermoset SMP networks under HIFU activation in an aqueous environment was investigated. Acrylate-based SMP networks were copolymerized in specific ratios to produce networks with independently adjusted glass transition temperatures ranging from 40 to 80 °C and two distinct water uptake behaviors. The results link the polymer swelling behavior to shape recoverability in various acoustic fields. The presence of absorbed water molecules enhances the performance of SMPs in terms of their shape memory capabilities when activated by HIFU. Overall, understanding the interplay between water uptake and HIFU-actuated shape recovery is essential for optimizing the performance of SMPs in aqueous environments and advancing their use in various medical applications.
Modeling of rigidly-constrained pure shear dielectric elastomer actuators: electromechanical coupling network method
Authors: Sun Wenjie , Liang Huwei , Zhang Fei , Wang Chenyang , Li Bo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The rigidly-constrained pure shear dielectric elastomer actuator (PS-DEA) has become one of the critical configurations in linear soft actuator design due to its excellent uni-directional actuation performance and convenient preparation process. However, the theoretical analyses are primarily conducted by employing ideal models and lack consideration of the lateral necking deformation of PS-DEA, which has an essential impact on the performance evaluation and optimal design of PS-DEA. Therefore, in this paper, a user subroutine that describing the behavior of the electromechanical behavior of DE in terms of the Gent free-energy model is developed, and then a parametric model of the PS-DEA is established. Different combinations of actuator parameters are obtained by Latin hypercube sampling, and the actuator’s performance under the parameters is simulated by the finite element method. The finite element results are taken as a sample set, and a BP neural network with three hidden layers is employed to train the samples and obtain a PS-DEA network prediction model, which is experimentally analyzed to validate its accuracy and effectiveness. The prediction model explores the influence of geometric and pre-stretching parameters on the actuator’s performance and obtains the difference between the ideal theoretical and the network prediction model under various parameters. The method in this paper provides a new design methodology and theoretical basis for developing high-performance DE actuators.
Hill-top inflation from Dai-Freed anomaly in the standard model — a solution to the iso-curvature problem of the axion dark matter
Authors: Kawasaki Masahiro , Yanagida Tsutomu T. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The discrete symmetry Z
4 in the standard model (SM) with three right-handed neutrinos is free from the Dai-Freed anomaly.
Motivated by this Z
4 symmetry, we constructed a topological inflation model consistent with all known constraints and observations.
However, we assumed a specific inflaton potential in the previous work.
In this paper we extend the inflaton potential in a more general form allowed by the discrete Z
4 gauge symmetry and show that consistent hilltop inflation is realized.We find that the Hubble parameter H_inf can be smaller than ≃ 109 GeV so that the isocurvature fluctuations of the axion dark matter are sufficiently suppressed.
Furthermore, the running of the spectral index can be as large as dns
/ln k ≃ 0.0018 which will be tested in future CMB observations.
Since this discrete Z
4 acts on the SM, the inflaton can couple to pairs of the right-handed neutrinos and hence the reheating temperature can be high as ∼ 1010 GeV, producing the cosmic baryon asymmetry naturally through the thermal leptogenesis.
Shelf-life prediction of nutmeg candy (myristica fragrans houtt) using the Arrhenius equation approach’s accelerated shelf-life testing (ASLT) method
Authors: Sulaiman I , Armita D Y , Erika C 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) is one of the spices utilized as food. The processing of nutmeg into sweets makes one of the snacks known as nutmeg candy. The nutmeg candy found in the market still does not have the identity product shelf life or expiration date, so buyers are hesitant; in this study, a simulation of estimating the shelf life of nutmeg candy with the Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing (ASLT) method was made and applied using Visual Basic applications which can later be used by industry and enterprise. Samples were taken from UMKM UD. Cahaya in Tapaktuan, South Aceh. This research was conducted by formulating temperatures of 35, 45, and 55°C with water and sugar content measurements; in this study, one critical point was taken to determine the shelf life. The results showed that the water content was 6.85 – 13.69 (%b/b), and the sugar content was 5.10-7° brix. The shelf life measured by the critical point shows that dried candied nutmeg can be stored for 50.89 days.
Index and Sustainability Status of Agricultural Mechanization for Paddy Field in Indonesia
Authors: Putri Renny Eka , Hermansyah Agus , Santosa  
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The use of agricultural machinery is one of the important factors in increasing agricultural production. A quantitative assessment of the agricultural mechanization index and its impact on agricultural production is needed in planning the development of agricultural mechanization nationally. This study aims to determine the value of the agricultural mechanization index which consists of the degree, level, and capacity of agricultural mechanization for tools and agricultural machinery for pre-harvest rice (2-wheel tractor, 4-wheel tractor, water pump, and rice transplanter). This research was conducted in several stages, namely collecting data, observing the working capacity of 3 units of machinery for each type of machinery, processing data and making agricultural mechanization index maps. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the average value of the degree of agricultural mechanization for 2-wheel tractors, 4-wheel tractors, water pumps and rice transplanters was 56.68%, 55.13%, 10.55 % and 13.94%. The average value of mechanization level in Indonesia is 0.45 hp/ha and the average value of mechanization capacity for rice pre-harvest activities in Indonesia is 1.28 kW hour/ha. In addition, based on the results of the classification of mechanization level, cropping index and rice productivity, it can be seen that the provinces of East Java, Central Java, West Java, Banten, DI Yogyakarta and Aceh are provinces that are recommended to increase the number of agricultural machinery, especially 2-wheel tractors, 4-wheel tractors. water pump and rice transplanter.
Discrimination between real and fake honey using portable fluorescence spectroscopy and simca
Authors: Suhandy D , Kusumiyati  , Yulia M , Al Riza DF 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the commercial market, real honey and fake honey could not easily be differentiated. For this reason, recently there has been an increasing demand for honey authentication. In this work, we apply portable fluorescence spectroscopy and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) method to discriminate real and fake honey available in the commercial market. To afford the price of authentication, an LED-based spectrometer at 365 nm excitation was developed. Three types of samples were used: 100 samples of real honey (Heterotrigona itama), 40 samples of fake honey, and 40 samples of HFCS-55 (high fructose corn syrup). Samples were diluted five times with distilled water. The fluorescence or emission spectra from 357 nm to 725.5 nm were obtained by exciting the samples at 365 nm LED lamps. The resolution of 0.5 nm was used. Identification of real honey, fake honey, and HFCS-55 could be well achieved using two principal components (PC1 and PC2). Real honey of Heterotrigona itama was clustered on the left of PC1. SIMCA was applied and the classification between real honey, fake honey, and HFCS-55 was well established with 100% accuracy could be obtained.