bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric drivers of rainfall events in the Republic of Djibouti
Authors: Waberi Moussa Mohamed , Camberlin Pierre , Pohl Benjamin , Dabar Omar Assowe 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Republic of Djibouti is a small country in an arid context coupled with a high variability of rainfall that generates flash floods causing severe damage to the population and infrastructure. The mechanisms controlling extreme rainfall events in this part of the Horn of Africa remain poorly understood. In this study, we document the atmospheric circulation patterns associated with such events. To that end, we use rain‐gauge data (a network of 36 stations on the period 2013–2020), satellite‐based rainfall estimates (CHIRPS, IMERG, MSWEP and RFE) and atmospheric reanalyses (ERA5), all at the daily timescale, over their common period 2001–2020. A multivariate Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering of rainy days in Djibouti (≥10% of grid‐points exceeding 1 mm·day−1, according to all four satellite products) reveal four clusters, which differentiate from each other by the intensity and spatial extent of rainfall. These clusters show a nonhomogeneous seasonal distribution, occurring mainly in the March–April–May (MAM) and July–August–September (JAS) seasons, and more rarely in October–November–December (OND). The atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with the clusters are quite similar and highly season‐dependent. In MAM most clusters display an anomalous trough over the Red Sea, from 700 to 200 hPa. In JAS, an anomalous low over the southern Red Sea drives a thicker than normal monsoon flow at 700 hPa, while upper northerlies prevail at 200 hPa. In OND, most rainy events result from moisture advection from the Western Indian Ocean, favoured by positive phases of the Indian Ocean Dipole. Some highly unusual atmospheric circulation patterns (e.g., associated with tropical cyclones) can also result in intense rainfall events in Djibouti. These findings provide new insights on the physical causes of extreme events in the Horn of Africa, with applications to improved early warning and skill evaluation of climate models for climate change projections.
Challenges in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering signal for ethephon detection: Theoretical and experimental approaches
Authors: Bianchi‐Carvalho Isabela , Martin Cibely S. , Alves Gabriel G. B. , Silva Jaqueline N. , Batagin‐Neto Augusto , Constantino Carlos J. L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEthephon, a widely used growth regulator in fruits and vegetables, requires careful monitoring because of its toxicity. However, as far as we know, only two works are found in the literature regarding surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) ethephon detection. Indeed, obtaining the SERS signal revealed to be challenging. Therefore, we have evaluated the SERS signal of ethephon using theoretical (as density functional theory and charge‐assisted fragment interaction) and experimental approaches, addressing this limited literature knowledge. Theoretical Raman spectra with Ag or Au atoms at reactive sites exhibited enhanced ethephon SERS signal via AgCl bonding, consistent with the experimental data. Multiple experimental procedures were employed to obtain the SERS signal, including pH variations, salt addition, excitation laser lines, time dependency, and different SERS substrates (Ag colloid and Ag island films). Salt addition (NaCl) improved SERS signal, correlating with Ag colloid aggregation. Analysis in Ag colloid showed the pH 7.0 as optimal for ethephon detection, using freshly prepared Ag colloid + ethephon dispersion with ethephon powder being directly dissolved into Ag colloid. Only the AgCl band intensity improved with time. Ag colloid (wet medium — 633 nm laser line) outperformed Ag island films (dry medium — 785 nm laser line).
DHDDS and NUS1: A Converging Pathway and Common Phenotype
Authors: Williams Laura J. , Waller Sophie , Qiu Jessica , Innes Emily , Elserafy Noha , Procopis Peter , Sampaio Hugo , Mahant Neil , Tchan Michel C. , Mohammad Shekeeb S. , Morales‐Briceño Hugo , Fung Victor S.C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundVariants in dehydrodolichol diphosphate synthetase (DHDDS) and nuclear undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase 1 (NUS1) cause a neurodevelopmental disorder, classically with prominent epilepsy. Recent reports suggest a complex movement disorder and an overlapping phenotype has been postulated due to their combined role in dolichol synthesis.CasesWe describe three patients with heterozygous variants in DHDDS and five with variants affecting NUS1. They bear a remarkably similar phenotype of a movement disorder dominated by multifocal myoclonus. Diagnostic clues include myoclonus exacerbated by action and facial involvement, and slowly progressive or stable, gait ataxia with disproportionately impaired tandem gait. Myoclonus is confirmed with neurophysiology, including EMG of facial muscles.Literature ReviewNinety‐eight reports of heterozygous variants in DHDDS, NUS1 and chromosome 6q22.1 structural alterations spanning NUS1, confirm the convergent phenotype of hypotonia at birth, developmental delay, multifocal myoclonus, ataxia, dystonia and later parkinsonism with or without generalized epilepsy. Other features include periodic exacerbations, stereotypies, anxiety, and dysmorphisms. Although their gene products contribute to dolichol biosynthesis, a key step in N‐glycosylation, transferrin isoform profiles are typically normal. Imaging is normal or non‐specific.ConclusionsRecognition of their shared phenotype may expedite diagnosis through chromosomal microarray and by including DHDDS/NUS1 in movement disorder gene panels.
Metabolomic, photoprotective, and photosynthetic acclimatory responses to post‐flowering drought in sorghum
Authors: Baker Christopher R. , Patel‐Tupper Dhruv , Cole Benjamin J. , Ching Lindsey G. , Dautermann Oliver , Kelikian Armen C. , Allison Cayci , Pedraza Julie , Sievert Julie , Bilbao Aivett , Lee Joon‐Yong , Kim Young‐Mo , Kyle Jennifer E. , Bloodsworth Kent J. , Paurus Vanessa , Hixson Kim K. , Hutmacher Robert , Dahlberg Jeffery , Lemaux Peggy G. , Niyogi Krishna K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractClimate change is globally affecting rainfall patterns, necessitating the improvement of drought tolerance in crops. Sorghum bicolor is a relatively drought‐tolerant cereal. Functional stay‐green sorghum genotypes can maintain green leaf area and efficient grain filling during terminal post‐flowering water deprivation, a period of ~10 weeks. To obtain molecular insights into these characteristics, two drought‐tolerant genotypes, BTx642 and RTx430, were grown in replicated control and terminal post‐flowering drought field plots in California's Central Valley. Photosynthetic, photoprotective, and water dynamics traits were quantified and correlated with metabolomic data collected from leaves, stems, and roots at multiple timepoints during control and drought conditions. Physiological and metabolomic data were then compared to longitudinal RNA sequencing data collected from these two genotypes. The unique metabolic and transcriptomic response to post‐flowering drought in sorghum supports a role for the metabolite galactinol in controlling photosynthetic activity through regulating stomatal closure in post‐flowering drought. Additionally, in the functional stay‐green genotype BTx642, photoprotective responses were specifically induced in post‐flowering drought, supporting a role for photoprotection in the molecular response associated with the functional stay‐green trait. From these insights, new pathways are identified that can be targeted to maximize yields under growth conditions with limited water.
A review on photochemical effects of common plastics and their related applications
Authors: Huang Zike , Wang Hui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe photochemical effects of plastics refer to a series of photochemical reactions of plastics under certain illumination conditions. In order to help researchers understand the research progress of photochemical effects of plastics, we will introduce photochemical effects of seven common plastics and discuss the influence of functional groups of polymers in plastics on the photochemical effects of plastics in this review. Based on this, we discuss the impact of photochemical effects on the properties of plastics and some factors affecting the surface photochemical effects of plastics. Last but not least, although in most cases the photochemical effects of plastics are extremely detrimental to the control of plastic pollution, some applications based on the photochemical effects of plastics will also be introduced in this review. It is believed that this review can provide some new ideas for the development of new and clean processes and some promising materials such as light‐responsive materials.
A hybrid methacrylate‐norbornene‐thiol photopolymerization system with tunable physical and mechanical properties
Authors: Alrefai Masa , Maric Milan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhotopolymerization of a hybrid methacrylate‐norbornene‐thiol system is used for the solvent‐free synthesis of polymers with tunable physical and mechanical properties. We demonstrate competitive adhesive performance of this system by examining factors such as thiol:ene ratio, thiol functionality, and the incorporation of a methacrylate as a hard monomer. Firstly, ethylene glycol dicyclopentenyl ether methacrylate (EGDEMA) and the di‐functional thiol ethylene bis(3‐mercapto propionate) (EBM) are photopolymerized to produce crosslinked networks with high conversion (up to 100%), high gel content (up to 77%), and low Tg (−2.5 to −13.5°C). Rheological studies found these formulations satisfied the Dahlquist criteria for pressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs) with the best adhesive/cohesive performance at thiol:ene ratios = 0.5–0.75. Secondly, a tetra‐functional thiol (PEMP) is crosslinked with EGDEMA photochemically, yielding elastomeric polymer films made to high conversion (up to 100%), with comparatively higher Tg (9–17°C), and higher gel content (up to 100%). Finally, isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA) is incorporated as a hard monomer and crosslinked with a bifunctional thiol to produce thermoplastic polymers with negligible gel content and variable Tg (−12 to 41°C), suitable for application as temporary adhesives. These findings propose the use of the hybrid system in one‐step solventless formulations for UV curable adhesives, depending on component selection.
A high‐throughput multilocus‐amplicon sequencing panel to monitor insecticide resistance in fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Chen Yizhou , Nguyen Duong T , Spafford Helen , Herron Grant A 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDFall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a highly polyphagous crop pest that has spread over the world rapidly and invaded Australia in 2020. Globally, FAW has been reported to be resistant to several insecticides permitted in Australia. Timely resistance diagnosis is critical for integrated pest management‐based control of FAW in Australia.RESULTSWe developed a multi‐amplicon panel by next‐generation sequencing (multiamplicon‐seq) to identify known insecticide resistance mutations in Australian FAW with high throughput and low cost. The panel included nine known mutations causing insecticide resistance in FAW and four gene mutations causing insecticide resistance in several insect species, not yet reported in FAW.We sequenced 36 plates (96‐well) in one MiSeq flow cell with easy sequencing library preparation. We found that Australian FAW carried a very high proportion of the F290V mutation in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene that causes resistance to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. Furthermore, FAW has a GABA‐activated chloride channel mutation, A301Q in the RDL gene.The sequencing‐based platform provided evidence of a duplication in the AChE gene. Here several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the 476‐bp amplicon of the AChE gene demonstrated 100% heterozygosity across samples and some individuals carried two haplotypes with the F290V mutation.CONCLUSIONMolecular surveillance by multiamplicon‐seq will increase capacity for early detection and future resistance monitoring in highly dispersed Australian FAW. It can provide timely resistance information and has the potential to play an important role in the resistance management of FAW. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Synthesis of 4‐substituted 5‐p‐chlorophenylpyrimidines
Authors: Tsatsaronis G.C. , Kehayoglou A.H. , Andria H.C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of 4‐amino‐5‐p‐chlorophenylpyrimidine by the reaction of tris‐formylaminomethane with p‐chlorobenzyl cyanide is described and, from this, by replacement reactions, five new pyrimidine compounds are prepared.
Hydrogen bonding. Part IV: The ground state basicities of N,N‐disubstituted sulfinamides and sulfonamides
Authors: Hovius K. , Zuidema G. , Engberts J.B.F.N. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhenol OH stretching frequency shifts, Δν, have been measured for the hydrogen‐bonded complexes between phenol and a series of N,N‐disubstituted sulfinamides and sulfonamides. The magnitudes of these Δν values indicate that the SO group is the acceptor site. The acceptor properties are interpreted chiefly in terms of inductive effects complemented by resonance effects involving π‐bonding between the sulfur and the nitrogen atom without significant alteration of the sulfur‐oxygen bond order.
Enhanced Mitochondrial Targeting and Inhibition of Pyroptosis with Multifunctional Metallopolyphenol Nanoparticles in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Zhou Hao , Qian Qiuping , Chen Qizhu , Chen Tao , Wu Chenyu , Chen Linjie , Zhang Zhiguang , Wu Ouqiang , Jin Yuxin , Wang Xinzhou , Guo Zhenyu , Sun Jing , Zhang Jun , Shen Shuying , Wang Xiangyang , Jones Morgan , Khan Moonis Ali , Makvandi Pooyan , Zhou Yunlong , Wu Aimin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a significant contributor to low back pain, characterized by excessive reactive oxygen species generation and inflammation‐induced pyroptosis. Unfortunately, there are currently no specific molecules or materials available to effectively delay IVDD. This study develops a multifunctional full name of PG@Cu nanoparticle network (PG@Cu). A designed pentapeptide, bonded on PG@Cu nanoparticles via a Schiff base bond, imparts multifunctionality to the metal polyphenol particles (PG@Cu‐FP). PG@Cu‐FP exhibits enhanced escape from lysosomal capture, enabling efficient targeting of mitochondria to scavenge excess reactive oxygen species. The scavenging activity against reactive oxygen species originates from the polyphenol‐based structures within the nanoparticles. Furthermore, Pyroptosis is effectively blocked by inhibiting Gasdermin mediated pore formation and membrane rupture. PG@Cu‐FP successfully reduces the activation of the nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor family pyrin domain‐containing 3 inflammasome by inhibiting Gasdermin protein family (Gasdermin D, GSDMD) oligomerization, leading to reduced expression of Nod‐like receptors. This multifaceted approach demonstrates higher efficiency in inhibiting Pyroptosis. Experimental results confirm that PG@Cu‐FP preserves disc height, retains water content, and preserves tissue structure. These findings highlight the potential of PG@Cu‐FP in improving IVDD and provide novel insights for future research in IVDD treatments.
Multidimensional progressive single‐cell sequencing reveals cell microenvironment composition and cancer heterogeneity in lung cancer
Authors: Chen Hua , Song Anqi , UL Rehman Faisal , Han Dan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDespite substantial advances in cancer biology and treatment, the clinical outcomes of patients with lung cancer remain unsatisfactory. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a potential target. Using single‐cell RNA sequencing, we could distinguish eight distinct cell types in the lung cancer microenvironment, demonstrating substantial intratumoral heterogeneity in 19 different lung cancer tumor samples. Through the re‐dimensional grouping of cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs), myeloid cells, epithelial cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and T cells, the difference in the TME of lung cancer was revealed. We discovered SFTPB, SFN, and KRT8 as possible predictive biomarkers for lung cancer by assessing the gene expression patterns in epithelial cells. Examining cell‐to‐cell communications showed a robust association between the quantity of matrix CAFs, epithelial cells, and macrophages in the thrombospondin signaling pathway. Additionally, we found that the amyloid precursor protein signaling pathway primarily originated from the matrix, and inflammatory cancer‐associated endothelial and fibroblast cells showed a co‐expression relationship with myeloid cells and B cells. Through cell‐to‐cell correlation analysis, we found positive regulation between NK cells, regulatory T cells, GZMB‐CD8 T cells, and GZMK‐CD8 T cells, which could play a role in developing immune TMEs. These findings support studies on cancer heterogeneity and add to our understanding of lung cancer's cellular microenvironment.
Neurodevelopment at 24 months corrected age in extremely preterm infants treated with dexamethasone alternatives during the late postnatal period: a cohort study
Authors: Melan Nathalie , Pradat Pierre , Godbert Isabelle , Pastor-Diez Blandine , Basson Eliane , Picaud Jean-Charles 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe administration of dexamethasone has been associated with suboptimal neurodevelopment. We aimed to compare the development of extremely premature infants treated or not with alternatives to dexamethasone: betamethasone, hydrocortisone hemisuccinate. This retrospective cohort study included infants born before 29 weeks of gestational age, treated or not with late (day ≥ 7) postnatal steroids (betamethasone, hydrocortisone hemisuccinate). The neurodevelopment outcome was evaluated at 24 months corrected age, after adjustment on comorbidities of extreme prematurity. In order to analyse their overall development, data about growth and respiratory outcomes were collected. Among the 192 infants included, 59 (30.7%) received postnatal steroids. Suboptimal neurodevelopment concerned 37/59 (62.7%) postnatal steroid-treated and 43/133 (38.1%; p = 0.002) untreated infants. However, in multivariable analysis, only severe neonatal morbidity (p = 0.007) and male gender (p = 0.027) were associated with suboptimal neurodevelopment outcome at 24 months. Conclusions: Betamethasone or hydrocortisone hemisuccinate treatment was not an independent risk for suboptimal neurological development, growth and respiratory outcomes assessed at 24 months corrected age in extremely premature infants. Registration number: The study was registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov register: NCT05055193.

What is Known:• Late postnatal steroids are used to treat bronchopulmonary dysplasia• Meta-analyses warned against the neurological risk of dexamethasone use during neonatal period. Early or late hydrocortisone hemisuccinate has been evaluated in multiple studies, none of which have reported an adverse effect on neurodevelopment at least to 2 years. Data about the use of betamethasone are scarce.

What is New:• The risk of suboptimal neurodevelopment was higher among extremely premature infants who received postnatal steroids when compared to those who did not.• Betamethasone and hydrocortisone hemisuccinate treatment was not an independent risk factor for suboptimal neurodevelopment at 24 months corrected age.
Psychoonkologische Versorgung in der geriatrischen Onkologie – wie erkennt man den Bedarf und die passende Behandlung?
Authors: Jentschke E. , Rabe A. , Pensel C. , Tatschner K. , Deschler-Baier B. 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ältere Menschen stehen vor spezifischen Herausforderungen, die mit dem Alterungsprozess, dem Altersbild und Veränderungen der Lebensrealität verbunden sind. Im Falle einer zusätzlichen Tumorerkrankung haben jene weniger Ressourcen, um die resultierenden Veränderungen zu bewältigen. Das macht sie anfälliger für Komorbiditäten und Toxizität im Behandlungsverlauf, gleichermaßen kommt zusätzlich Angehörigen eine besondere Rolle in der Therapie zu. Aufgrund der Unterschiedlichkeit vorhandener (sozialer) Ressourcen bedarf es einer gezielten Identifikation von vulnerablen geriatrischen Patient:innen. Diesbezüglich hat sich ein umfassendes geriatrisches Assessment (CGA) als hilfreich erwiesen.

Ziele der Arbeit
Ziele der Arbeit sind die Darstellung des CGA im Rahmen einer laufenden Studie, welches als vulnerabel identifizierte geriatrisch-onkologische Patient:innen erhalten. Der Fokus der folgenden Arbeit liegt auf der Erhebung psychischer Belastungen sowie der Vorstellung möglicher psychoonkologischer Interventionen.

Material und Methoden
Für das zweistufige Vorgehen wird das G8-Screening als Instrument zur Identifikation vulnerabler Patient:innen eingesetzt. Im CGA werden therapierelevante Dimensionen wie Mobilität, Selbstversorgerstatus, Kognition, Emotion und Fatigue erfragt und anschließend bedarfsgerechte Interventionen abgeleitet.

Fazit
Durch das vorgeschaltete G8-Screening stellt das zweistufige Assessment ein ressourcensparendes Vorgehen zur Identifikation und bedarfsorientierten Unterstützung vulnerabler Patient:innen dar.
Digital gender gaps in Students’ knowledge, attitudes and skills: an integrative data analysis across 32 Countries
Authors: Campos Diego G. , Scherer Ronny 
Published: November 2023

Abstract The digital gender divide is one of the most critical issues in education today. Digital gender gaps can exist in students’ access to and use of ICT, attitudes toward technology, and digital knowledge and skills. However, previous research has primarily examined these divides in isolation and largely ignored their interdependencies. Using student data from the 2013 and 2018 International Computer and Information Literacy Study (ICILS), this study examines how these gaps are related. Specifically, we synthesize evidence on gender gaps in digital knowledge and skills, controlling for differences in ICT access and technology attitudes. In addition, we examine the role that technology attitudes play in the gender gap in digital knowledge and skills. Our findings suggest that (a) girls outperform boys in digital knowledge and skills ($$\upbeta$$
β
= -0.11 to -0.29); (b) gender differences in attitudes toward technology partially explain gender differences in digital knowledge and skills; (c) the variability within and between countries in the gender gap in students' digital skills is partly explained by the type of digital skill and the country's socio-economic development and gender inequality. Overall, this research shows a relationship between the gender gaps in students’ digital knowledge and skills and the gender gaps in students’ attitudes toward technology. We conclude that the first- and second-level gender digital divides are connected.