bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FRAMEx. IV. Mechanical Feedback from the Active Galactic Nucleus in NGC 3079
Authors: Fernandez Luis C. , Secrest Nathan J. , Johnson Megan C. , Fischer Travis C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Using the Very Long Baseline Array, we observed the active galactic nucleus (AGN) in NGC 3079 over a span of six months to test for variability in the two main parsec-scale radio components, A and B, which lie on either side of the AGN. We found evidence for positional differences in the positions of A and B over the six months consistent with the apparent motion of these components extrapolated from older archival data, finding that their projected rate of separation, (0.040 ± 0.003)c, has remained constant since ∼2004 when a slowdown concurrent with a dramatic brightening of source A occurred. This behavior is consistent with an interaction of source A with the interstellar medium (ISM), as has previously been suggested in the literature. We calculated the amount of mechanical feedback on the ISM for both the scenario in which A is an expulsion of material from the central engine and the scenario in which A is a shock front produced by a relativistic jet, the latter of which is favored by several lines of evidence we discuss. We find that the cumulative mechanical feedback on the ISM is between 2 × 1044 and 1 × 1048 erg for the expulsion scenario or between 3 × 1050 and 1 × 1052 erg for the jet scenario. Integrated over the volume-complete Fundamental Reference AGN Monitoring Experiment (FRAMEx) sample, our results imply that jet-mode mechanical feedback plays a negligible role in the energetics of AGNs in the local Universe.
Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk). VIII. A Small Protostellar Disk around the Extremely Low Mass and Young Class 0 Protostar IRAS 15398–3359
Authors: Thieme Travis J. , Lai Shih-Ping , Ohashi Nagayoshi , Tobin John J. , Jørgensen Jes K. , (Insa Choi) Jinshi Sai , Aso Yusuke , Williams Jonathan P. , Yamato Yoshihide , Aikawa Yuri , de Gregorio-Monsalvo Itziar , Han Ilseung , Kwon Woojin , Lee Chang Won , Lee Jeong-Eun , Li Zhi-Yun , Lin Zhe-Yu Daniel , Looney Leslie W. , Narayanan Suchitra , Phuong Nguyen Thi , Plunkett Adele L. , Santamaría-Miranda Alejandro , Sharma Rajeeb , Takakuwa Shigehisa , Yen Hsi-Wei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Protostellar disks are an ubiquitous part of the star formation process and the future sites of planet formation. As part of the Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks large program, we present high angular resolution dust continuum (∼40 mas) and molecular line (∼150 mas) observations of the Class 0 protostar IRAS 15398–3359. The dust continuum is small, compact, and centrally peaked, while more extended dust structures are found in the outflow directions. We perform a 2D Gaussian fitting and find the deconvolved size and 2σ radius of the dust disk to be 4.5 × 2.8 au and 3.8 au, respectively. We estimate the gas+dust disk mass assuming optically thin continuum emission to be 0.6M
J–1.8M
J, indicating a very low mass disk. The CO isotopologues trace components of the outflows and inner envelope, while SO traces a compact, rotating disk-like component. Using several rotation curve fittings on the position–velocity diagram of the SO emission, the lower limits of the protostellar mass and gas disk radius are 0.022 M
⊙ and 31.2 au, respectively, from our Modified 2 single power-law fitting. A conservative upper limit of the protostellar mass is inferred to be 0.1 M
⊙. The protostellar mass accretion rate and the specific angular momentum at the protostellar disk edge are found to be in the range of (1.3–6.1) × 10−6
M
⊙ yr−1 and (1.2–3.8) × 10−4 km s−1 pc, respectively, with an age estimated between 0.4 × 104 yr and 7.5 × 104 yr. At this young age with no clear substructures in the disk, planet formation would likely not yet have started. This study highlights the importance of high-resolution observations and systematic fitting procedures when deriving dynamical properties of deeply embedded Class 0 protostars.
L’Église catholique dans le jeu politique en République démocratique du Congo
Authors: Ndaywel è Nziem Isidore 
Published: November 2023

L’Église catholique occupe une place importante dans la vie politique et sociale du Congo. Cela tient à la fois à l’ancienneté de son implantation, à sa grande expansion dans le pays et à son appropriation par la culture locale dans la vie quotidienne des habitants. On sait qu’elle a joué un rôle majeur dans la colonisation du pays, comme l’une des composantes de la « trinité coloniale ». Mais les difficultés par lesquelles elle est passée pendant les premières décennies de la décolonisation l’ont rapprochée davantage du peuple, particulièrement grâce à ses œuvres sociales multiples et diversifiées. Son implication politique l’amène, de nos jours, à apporter une contribution majeure dans le combat pour la démocratie et l’État de droit.
Efficacy, Safety, and Public Attitude toward COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review
Authors: Josiah Blessing Osagumwendia , Uzor Chinelo C. , Duncan Brontie A. , Enebeli Emmanuel Chukwunwike , Otoboyor Ndidi Louis 
Published: November 2023

Background:
This paper reviews some of the literature on the safety and efficacy of different COVID-19 vaccines, the attitudes, and perceptions of people towards the vaccines, and the factor underlying such perceptions and behavior.

Methods:
Two major databases (PubMed and Epistemonikos) were checked using search expansion mechanisms and several search strings. After the title, abstract, and full-text analysis, 19 studies were selected for review.

Results:
The seven different vaccines studied all have supporting data on their efficacy in the reduction of COVID-19 cases, prevention of hospitalization after infection, and reduction in the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients. There was high hesitancy about the COVID-19 vaccine and the perceived efficacy and safety of the vaccines are less than recorded in clinical data. Distrust of the vaccines, their manufacturers and different institutions and governments, personal beliefs and feelings, age, gender, education, and socioeconomic status were identified factors affecting behaviors towards the COVID-19 vaccines.

Conclusion:
Several articles support the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, but general awareness and conception about them vary, including hesitancy, distrust, and some acceptance. Many factors affected the perception and attitude of people toward these vaccines. More clinical data on the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines should be generated to help boost confidence among users.
Choroidal Thickness and Effect of Sex and Age in Africans
Authors: Okonkwo Ogugua Ndubuisi , Hassan Adekunle Olubola , Oyekunle Idris , Akanbi Toyin , Chinedu Ugwu Bertrand 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of the study is to evaluate choroidal thickness (CT) and the effect of age and gender in healthy Africans using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Materials and Methods:
In 172 eyes of 88 volunteers, the CT in the central subfoveal (CSF) area and at 2.5 mm superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants was measured. Four eyes were excluded due to poor image quality and image decentration. Simple linear regression was used to measure the effect of age on CT, and statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.

Results:
The were 88 male and 84 female eyes, aged 30–80 years. The mean CT was CSF 265.44 ± 6.2 µm; inferior 256.19 ± 70.6 µm; superior 249.92 ± 76.2 µm; temporal 235.51 ± 70.3 µm; and nasal 199.53 ± 69.8 µm. The choroid was thickest in the CSF > Inferior > Superior > Temporal, and the nasal quadrant was thinnest in all age groups. There was a considerable decrease in the CSF with increasing age (P < 0.001). CT in males and females was similar since the difference in mean CSF CT between the genders was 2.085 µm (P = 0.858). Menopausal females had thinner CSF CT compared to premenopausal females (P < 0.001), but this was due to the aging effect.

Conclusion:
CT decreases significantly with increasing age but shows no gender difference in Africans. A comparison of CT studies from other ethnic nationalities shows some similarity with CT in Africans, suggesting that CT findings from other ethnic groups can be extrapolated to Africans.
Psychiatric Complications in Patients after Acute Coronavirus Disease 2019: An Observational Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Chakkamadathil Jesin Kumar , Vijayalakshmi Gayathri , Shivashankaran Sanjeev , Soman Mervin K. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors experience various complications affecting various systems in our body. The neuropsychiatric complications are not given its due importance and are not elucidated in our part of the country. Through this study, we are trying to gain insight into the various complications and the factors contributing to them.

Objectives:
(1) To evaluate the psychiatric complications in patients after acute COVID-19. (2) To evaluate the factors contributing to the development of psychiatric complications.

Methodology:
The study was an observational cross-sectional study conducted between July 1, 2022 and December 31, 2022. Patients who have recently recovered from acute COVID-19 were included in the study. A detailed history was taken, physical examination was done and reports of relevant investigations were collected. Cognitive impairment was subjectively assessed. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Suicide risk was assessed using the suicide risk estimator developed by Motto et
al. Data were analyzed using SPSS v25.

Results:
Depression was prevalent among 40.8% of the subjects and anxiety among 44.5%, with a majority of the affected individuals being in their forties. Depression was more among subjects who had a severe illness with extensive computed tomography involvement and still had varying degrees of impaired exercise tolerance. The presence of a family member affected with COVID-19 and the incurrence of high treatment expenditures were also significant risk factors. Anxiety was more common among health-care workers and in subjects who had severe illnesses. Women, alcoholics, subjects with persisting breathlessness, and those getting less hours of sleep were also found to be more anxious. Suicide risk was found to be higher among alcoholics and those with financial problems.

Conclusion:
Psychiatric complications are an overlooked but clinically relevant entity that needs to be given its due importance. Identification and prompt treatment of these complications can significantly improve the quality of life of these patients.
Comparison of marginal bone loss in SLA and RBM implants: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Nemati Majid , Dadkhah Bahar , Tabrizi Reza , Shafiei Shervin , Moslemi Hamidreza 
Published: November 2023

Context:
The study aims to answer the following question: Among the patients who received a dental implant, is there any difference in marginal bone loss (MBL) between sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) and resorbable blast media (RBM) implants?

Aims:
The study aimed to evaluate marginal bone loss in SLA and RBM implants one year after loading.

Settings and Design:
A Prospective Cohort Study.

Methods and Material:
In this prospective cohort study with a pre-protocol population, subjects were assigned into two groups: Subjects received SLA implants in group 1 and RBM in group 2. MBL was assessed 12 months after loadings through digital parallel radiographs.

Statistical Analysis Used:
An Independent t-test was used to compare MBL between the two groups.

Results:
Sixty-six implants were studied (each group 33 implants). The mean of MBL in the RBM group was significantly higher than the SLA group (1.39 ± 0.31 mm, 0.89 ± 0.26 mm, respectively, P < 0.001). MBL in the mesial sides of implants in the RBM group was significantly higher than the SLA group (1.28 ± 0.29 mm, 0.8 ± 0.29 mm, respectively, P < 0.001). Analysis of the data demonstrated a significantly higher mean of MBL in the distal sides of implants in the RBM group than in the SLA group (1.51 ± 0.35 mm, 0.97 ± 0.27 mm, respectively, P < 0.001). In both groups, the mean of MBL on the distal side was significantly higher than on the mesial side (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Within this study's limitation, RBM implants showed significantly more MBL than SLA implants.
Competency-based Training Tools for Enhancing Communication Skills in the Health-care Sector: To Design and Develop Rubrics, Making, Grading, and Understanding the Applications
Authors: Roopashree Mandyam Rangayyan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroduction:Competency-based training tools are specifically utilized to improve the effectiveness of training programs in the health-care sector. For enhancing communication skills in the health-care sector, a framework of assessment, making, and grading has to be well performed and has to be need-based. The set of actions conducted as the framework of designing and making the rubrics for grading purposes and utilization of the same as application aspects in the health-care sector are performed as a training tool development.Methods:By literature search and by application-based objectives which are performed in a focused manner, the validated tool of rubrics was designed for grading purposes for training the health-care professionals. The parameters were used as a qualitative tool to analyze the data for soft-skill development purposes.Results:The framework was structured as application aspects to enhance the soft-skill development of health-care professionals. The seven-step method of designing and developing the rubrics was constructed for enhancing the effectiveness of the communication skill sets as training and development tools in the health-care sector.Discussion:It was found that after the training and continuous monitoring, the usage of rubrics was successfully implemented which showed some benefits such as self-discipline improvement with a positive attitude, increased awareness and morale, improvement of inter-human relations, and improvement of the internal communication processes.Applications:To improve the working environment and to enhance the motivation of staff who are working in a hospital and health-care organizations, the training tools are considered as value-added activity.Conclusion:The learnings are to be put into practice as it is a necessity. Practices are to be executed to provide satisfaction to the client or the customers.
Clinical characteristics analysis and construction of a predictive diagnostic model of community-acquired pneumonia in adults requiring hospitalization in Fujian provincial hospital
Authors: Wu Fan , Yue Wenxiang , Wu Jian , Zhao Yunan , Yu Xueying , Zhang Chi , Hu Xinlan , Xu Nengluan , Lin Ming , Xiao Yan , Ren Lili , Chen Yusheng , Li Hongru 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics of infections caused by different pathogens and then establish a viral/bacterial infection prediction model to guide early clinical identification of pathogens in inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

METHODS:
A total of 687 patients who were diagnosed with CAP in our hospital between March 2012 and December 2018 were studied. Basic data, clinical symptoms, laboratory examinations, and imaging examinations of patients were collected, and a virus/bacteria prediction equation was established. In the prediction model, the relevant variables were screened according to a univariate logistic regression analysis, and then, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to establish the prediction equation.

RESULTS:
The proportions of patients with muscle soreness and headaches were significantly higher in the viral infection group than in the bacterial infection group. Procalcitonin (PCT) concentrations, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and the neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) score were significantly higher in the bacterial infection group than in the viral infection group. Creatine kinase concentrations were significantly higher in the viral infection group than in the bacterial infection group (P < 0.05). A higher proportion of patients had lung degeneration in the atypical pathogen infection group than in other groups (P = 0.005). Patchy shadows were more common in the viral infection group than in the other groups. A binary logistic regression equation was obtained that could predict the probability of viral infection (sensitivity: 57.5%, specificity: 67.7%, and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve: 0.651).

CONCLUSIONS:
Adult patients with CAP and viral infection are more likely to have headaches and muscle soreness than those with bacterial infection. An elevated PCT concentration, NAP score, and ESR indicate a high possibility of bacterial infection. We successfully established a viral and bacterial infection prediction model.
Formatos Institucionais e Padrões de Ação Política das Federações Subnacionais da Indústria em 30 anos de redemocratização (1988-2018)
Authors: Hartmann José Augusto 
Published: November 2023

Este artigo analisa os padrões do acompanhamento do processo legislativo realizado pelas Federações Subnacionais da Indústria, buscando identificar as mudanças em seus formatos institucionais nos anos subsequentes à redemocratização. Tendo-se em vista a qualidade da organização interna dessas entidades avalia um processo de profissionalização política, definido pela sistematicidade, enraizamento e transparência de suas ações. Em vista disso, verificou-se a organização interna das Federações, avaliando-se sua estrutura de acompanhamento e não o “sucesso” de seu posicionamento em relação ao legislativo. Para além da descrição da organização e das trajetórias das Federações Subnacionais da Indústria, enfatizou-se cinco delas, uma por região do país, a fim de examinar seus padrões de acompanhamento. Apresenta-se uma pesquisa em que se buscou descrever comparativamente a organização para o acompanhamento do processo legislativo subnacional, definindo-se seus padrões de ação. A hipótese sugere que houve um processo de profissionalização política das Federações nos anos posteriores à redemocratização, o que, por meio dessa avaliação, pode-se verificar, ainda que de modo não-homogêneo. Assim, se a hipótese é confirmada ao menos em parte, faz indicar para a necessidade de avaliação mais cuidadosa sobre as causas das mudanças nos seus formatos institucionais.
Attitude, awareness and recommendations regarding fortified food usage amongst Health Care Professionals of Punjab.
Authors: Wardah Nisar  , Rabbiya Sarwar  , Shahid Nabi  , Zainab Bilal Malik  , Shamaila Zamir  
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Fortification is the practice of deliberately increasing the content of one or more micronutrients i.e., vitamins and minerals in a food or condiment to improve the nutritional quality of the food supply and provide a public health benefit with minimal risk to health. As well as increasing the nutritional content of staple foods, the addition of micronutrients can help to restore the micronutrient content lost during processing.
Objectives: To assess attitude about fortified foods, awareness regarding usage of fortified food and related recommendations amongst health care professionals of Punjab.
Place and duration of study: All districts of Punjab (Total of 36 districts). The study was carried out from 1st September 2019 to 1st March 2020.
Materials and methods: A descriptive cross sectional study in which total 360 MBBS doctors, nurses, mid wives, lady health care workers from 36 districts of Punjab were taken as sample. A questionnaire highlighting attitude and awareness regarding fortified food consumption amongst health professionals and their recommendations for selection of vehicle and fortificants were used as data collection tool. Data was entered in SPSS version 26.0. For demonstration of attitude related to fortified food, preferred fortificants along with their vehicle and recommended vehicles for fortification, bar chats were used. For quantitative variables frequency and percentages were applied.
Results: Supplements were preferred over consumption of fortified foods by most of the health care professionals i.e. MBBS doctors, nurses and lady health workers. Whereas, midwives were of the opinion that fortified food should be used rather than supplements. Furthermore, probiotics, calcium, iodine, iron, omega three, vitamin A and vitamin C were least known fortificants amongst health care professionals.
Conclusion: Food fortification is one of the best tools to prevent micro and macronutrients related diseases and illnesses. Most of the health professionals were only aware about fortification of calcium, iodine, vitamin D and iron and their most preferred vehicle for fortification were oil/ghee, juices, bread and water. It is recommended to opt mandatory fortification approaches to be launched legally and strict check and balance regarding their implementation to minimize the disease burden and to improve the immunity of our population.
Keywords: Attitude, Awareness, Fortified food, Fortificants, Fortification vehicles, Health Care Professionals.
Technical Considerations and Complication of Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage: A Single Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Muhammad Tayyab Zia  , Ahmed Zia ud Din  , Abdullah Saeed  , Sadia Abdullah  , Muhammad Junaid Tahir  
Published: November 2023

Introduction: With comparable outcomes, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is the preferred method for relieving biliary obstruction when the gold standard endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) fails or is not practicable.
Aims & Objectives: To evaluate the technical success rate, clinical success rate, and complications of PTBD.
Place and duration of study: This study was carried out in Radiology Department of Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center, Lahore, Pakistan from 29th February 2020 to 1st November 2021.
Material & Methods: In this study, consecutive PTBD procedures performed from 29th February 2020 to 1st November 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. We collected data including patients' age, gender, diagnosis, indications, prior ERCP performance, preoperative and post operative bilirubin, and complications. Technical success, clinical success, and complications were documented. SPSS Version 26 was used for data entry and analysis, P-value<0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: A total of 96 procedures were performed in 64 patients with the mean age of 52 years (range: 20 - 91 years). Out of 96, 66 (68.8%) procedures were performed in malignant obstruction with most common cause being cholangiocarcinoma (24%). Technical success was achieved in100% of the cases while clinical success rate was 90.6%. In total 96 procedures, 7 complications were reported. Major complication rate was 5.2%. These included 2 cases of post-procedure cholangitis (2.1%), 2 cases of acute pancreatitis (2.1%), and a case of bilio-venous fistula (1%). Minor complication rate (including 2 cases of pericatheter leakage) was 2.1%.
Conclusion: PTBD is a reliable and effective procedure. In general, complication rate after PTBD is not high, and the patients having malignant disease were more prone to the complications.