bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public participation in beach clean-up activities to raise awareness and reduce marine litter for the protection of the Black Sea ecosystem
Authors: Ismail N P , Erüz C , Karakoç F T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Human activities and poor awareness are believed to be responsible for marine litter pollution. In the scope of the European Union, Cross Border Cooperation, and Black Sea Basin (EU, CBC, BSB - 785) LitOUTer Project, “Raising Public Awareness and Reducing Marine Litter for the Protection of the Black Sea Ecosystem”, beach clean-up activities have been conducted. A beach clean-up activity was conducted at the Kıyıcık Beach, Trabzon, Turkiye involved by Stakeholders, NGOs, middle to high school, university students, teachers, and lecturers. This study aims to reveal the amount of marine litter at Kıyıcık Beach through public participation in beach clean-up activities. A total of 4488 solid wastes (∼100 kg) were collected and removed from the beach. The waste composition consisted of 50% plastic, 22% metal, 10% glass, 8% paper, 4% cloth, 1% metal, and 4% Covid-19-related waste. Plastic pieces, plastic bottles, and caps dominated the plastic litter on the beach. Moreover, 119 single-use face masks (Covid-19-related waste) were collected. Single-use plastic waste in the environment implies the impact of human activities and a lack of awareness regarding marine litter. Public participation in beach clean-up activities is expected to raise individual awareness and reduce marine litter to protect the Black Sea Ecosystem.
Nutrients and chlorophyll-a concentration in Socah Estuary receiving shrimp pond waste, Bangkalan Regency
Authors: Kartika A G D , Jayanthi O W , Nuzula N I , Syaifullah M , Siswanto A D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the nutrient content, water quality, and its relationship with chlorophyll-a in the Socah Estuary, Bangkalan Regency. The research was conducted in four stations. Determination of nitrate and nitrite in samples was performed by the colorimetric method. Meanwhile, phenate and Nessler reagent spectrophotometric methods were used to determine the ammonia and ammonium content in samples, respectively. The phosphate and chlorophyll-a were determined using ascorbic acid and spectrophotometry, respectively. The Spearman rank correlation was used to measure the degree of relationship between nutrients and chlorophyll- a content. Based on the results of Spearman rank correlation, the nitrate showed the strongest correlation (rho = 0.76) compared to other nutrients. Moreover, the increased chlorophyll-a level in the water will be closely related to the increased nitrate level. According to the value of Secchi depth, nutrients, and chlorophyll-a concentration, eutrophic is a trophic state in Socah Estuary. This condition is caused by the input of shrimp pond wastewater which triggers nutrient enrichment, decreasing the water quality and increasing the phytoplankton biomass in Socah Estuary.
Multibeam echosounder backscatter strength analysis for seafloor sediment identification in Damar Besar Island Waters, Thousand Islands
Authors: Arifah S N , Manik H M , Mulyadi D S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The condition of the Indonesian territory surrounded by the ocean requires technology to obtain seabed information to support the development of social, economic, and security activities. One of the technologies that can be used is the multibeam echosounder (MBES) hydroacoustic technology. MBES can scan seabed in a wide range, resulting in bathymetric data and backscatter values. The value of backscatter can be used to identify seafloor sediments. This study compared backscatter intensity values obtained from the MBES survey to the previous study. After identifying the sediment, the data obtained are mapped to produce a sediment distribution map. The types of sediment identified in the Damar Besar Island Waters are fine silt, medium silt, coarsed silt, silty sand, muddy sand, clayed sand, very fine sand, and fine sand with a range of backscatter values from -34,92 to -19,04 dB. Fine sand sediments are nearby the northern island while muddy sands and silty sands are scattered away from the island.
Side scan sonar data quantification for seabed classification in Yos Sudarso Bay, Jayapura
Authors: Salsabila A S , Manik H M , Mulyadi D S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Side Scan Sonar (SSS) is an instrument that is usually used in surveys to perform seabed imaging. SSS was able to show two-dimensional images of the seabed with contour, topographic, and target conditions simultaneously. This technology is capable of distinguishing seabed types such as rocks, sand, or others. In addition, the usefulness of this technology can also detect the existence of marine pipes and cables, shallow structures of the seabed, dredges, environmental studies, military, archaeology, fisheries, and mining. The aims of this research were to identify and interpret the seabed, measure the acoustic backscatter (dB) and amplitude (mV) of the seabed substrate, and compute SSS data using Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) in the Yos Sudarso Bay, Jayapura. Processing data was performed by radiometric Beam Angle Correction (BAC), Automatic Gain Control (AGC), and geometric (bottom tracking) corrections using SonarWiz 7 software. Pre-processed SSS data were then converted to XtfToSegy and the amplitude values were exported by SeiSee software, and CWT was calculated using Matlab. Amplitude data was visualized using Microsoft Excel to display a relation between amplitude, time, and CWT graph. The results of seabed detection were three areas of sand and one coral target. The amplitude value of sand 1 ranged from 4319 to 30976 mV with the = backscatter value was -17.10 dB. The amplitude value of sand 2 ranged from 1411 to 12288 mV with the backscatter value was -18.79 dB. The amplitude value of sand 3 ranged from 1391.625 to 12032 mV with the backscatter value was -18.70 dB. The amplitude of the coral ranged from 24960 to 32640 mV with the backscatter value was -2.30 dB. The CWT analysis results show that the yellow-coloured coral’s energy represents a rougher and harder object. The energy generated from the blue-coloured sand represents the object has smooth and non-hardening characteristics.
Suitability Index of Snorkeling Tourism In Sepulu District, Bangkalan, Indonesia
Authors: Nugraha W A , Insafitri  
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Bangkalan is one of the districts in Madura with a coastal area that can be developed as a marine tourism location for snorkelling, and their northern coast facing the Java Sea has only been used for coastal tourism. This research aimed to assess the suitability index of snorkelling tourism in Sepulu waters, Bangkalan. The research was carried out during September–October 2021. Coral cover, fish diversity, water conditions, and an analysis of tourism suitability and the carrying capacity of snorkelling tourism were assessed. Hard coral cover in Sepulu waters ranges from 22-38%, while the per cent of coral cover (including soft corals) ranges from 34-55.5%. The number of coral growth forms found in Sepulu waters ranged from 6-8 forms. Reef fish found in Sepulu district water were between 7-12 species. The tourism suitability index of Sepulu Waters, Bangkalan, which ranges from 61.40 – 75.44%, is included in the category of quite suitable. The area’s carrying capacity for snorkelling tourism activities is 152-500 people daily. Sepulu waters, especially Tengket and Labuhan waters, have a high potential to be used as snorkelling tourism objects.
The response of tuna to ocean acidification in Indonesian waters (Case study: Gulf of Bone)
Authors: Tito C K , Susilo E , Sasongko R D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There is growing concern about ocean acidification (decrease in pH of the ocean as a result of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide absorption by ocean) as one threat of climate change that may have significant impacts on marine organisms, such as fish. Recent studies suggest that adult fish are not directly impaired by OA, however, for the earliest fish stages, a number of direct effects have been observed. Hence, we observed the response of OA on monthly larvae density of yellowfin tuna in the Indonesian water, especially in the Gulf of Bone. The pH on the total scale (pH) and surface aqueous partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) data were derived from Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) model product; meanwhile, fish data from 2014-2016 were derived from daily Infrastructure Development for Space Oceanography (INDESO) tuna population model outputs. This study indicates that the variability of pCO2 tends to increase while the pH tends to decline. During the northwest monsoon periods, pH in the Gulf of Bone tends to be lower. The larvae and juvenile of yellowfin tuna in the Gulf of Bone waters have various spatial correlations with pH and pCO2. Both have the potential to decrease with the declined pH and elevated pCO2.
Historical trend of heavy metals in mangrove sediment from Nusa Lembongan, Bali using 210Pb-geochronology
Authors: Lubis A A , Sugiharto U , Putra A D P , Shintianata D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Mangrove sediment is a natural filter for retaining pollutants before entering the coastal area and ocean. This study collected sediment cores from a Marine Protected Area (MPA) in Nusa Lembongan, Bali, to establish 210Pb geochronology and heavy metals records. Alpha spectrometry and Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) were used to determine 210Pb and heavy metals (Co, Cr, Fe, Hf, Sb, Sc, Se, and Zn), respectively. The Contamination Factor (CF), Enrichment Factor (EF), and Geo-accumulation Index (I_geo) were assessed. The result shows that 210Pb provided records of sediment accumulation spanning approximately 100 years. The vertical profiles of all heavy metals from the 1910s to the 1930s were slightly constant. From the 1930s to the 1990s, the profiles of Co, Cr, Hf, Sb, Sc, and Zn slightly increased; meanwhile, Fe and Se were slightly constant. From the 1990s to 2017, all heavy metals decreased gradually. Based on the CF, heavy metals Cr, Hf, Sb, Sc, and Zn were categorized as moderate contamination, and Co, Fe, and Se were low contamination. The average EFs of all heavy metals suggested their origin was derived from crustal material. In the I_geo index, only Sb was classified as moderate pollution, while the other heavy metals were not pollutants.
Morphometrics and long-weight relationship Halmahera walking shark (Hemiscyllium halmahera, Allen, 2013) population in Morotai Island Sea, North Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Akbar N , Bengen D G , Nurjaya I W , Natih N M N , Madduppa H H , Subhan B , Wahab I , Baksir A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Morotai Island is under the influence of plates, Indonesian Throughflow, Halmahera Eddy, New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent (NGCUC) and is located in the coral reef triangle. Halmahera walking shark (Hemiscyllium halmahera) was found in the Morotai Island Sea. The aim was to study the morphometric and length-weight relationship of H. halmahera on Morotai Island. Sample collection of H. halmahera in South Morotai, North Morotai and South West Morotai. H. halmahera samples were taken using scuba diving at a depth of 3-10 meters. The morphometric measurements were 11 variables TL (total length)- LTL (lower tail length). The diversity of morphometric characteristics found was analyzed using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method. Analysis length-weight relationship using linear regression equation. The results found 30 individuals (South Morotai = 8, North Morotai = 9, South West Morotai = 8, and East Morotai = 5) and the frequency of sex presence individuals (male = 16 and female = 14). Morphometric parameters found variation in each individual. PCA analysis found that the distribution of morphometric characteristics had body size variation. Dendogram is divided into Cluster I (North Morotai dan South West Morotai) dan Cluster II (South Morotai dan East Morotai). The length-weight relationship found negative allometric growth.
Analysis of high waves and coastal flooding event in Manado in mid-January 2021 (meteotsunami perspective)
Authors: Firdaus Randi , Mawarni Cecylia Putri , Sinurat Maya Eria 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Meteotsunami is atmospheric-induced ocean waves at the frequency of tsunami waves (2 minutes-2 hours). On January 17, 2021, the high waves tsunami-like due to lousy weather superimposed with the high tide were reported hitting the coastal area of Manado City, North of Sulawesi. This research examined the characteristic of that tsunami wave-like phenomenon. The sea level, atmospheric data (i.e., wind and air pressure), and weather satellite imagery were used in this study. The sea level, air pressure, and wind data were filtered to remove the low-frequency signal to obtain the amplitude of the high-frequency signal. The results showed that a high-frequency sea level signal’s maximum wave height (peak to trough) is up to 0.4 m. This condition responded to the increase in high-frequency maximum wind speed reaching 11 m/s associated with the convective system, such as the Cumulonimbus cloud system, detected 10 hours before the maximum high-frequency sea-level event. These circumstances meet the meteotsunami criteria, but the other parameter, such as air pressure, is not.
Identification of seagrass beds using high-resolution satellite imagery to basic inventory data supporting coastal ecosystem management (Case study: Lancang Island)
Authors: Sugara A , Kurniawati E , Nurholis  , Nurul Suci A N 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Seagrass habitat is an important element of the coastal marine ecosystem, as it influences all major fields in the coastal environments. Due to anthropogenic and natural pressure, such identification of habitat distribution becomes crucial. Remote sensing can provide the best solution regarding time and cost to extract seagrass beds’ spatial and temporal information. When the low spatial resolution satellite image provides low accuracy and high uncertainty of seagrass distribution, we assess the high spatial resolution image product, the WorldView-2 image, to identify the seagrass bed distribution in Lancang Island. We confidently found that higher resolution images could leverage the mapping quality, especially on the seagrass beds, which could be highly sensitive to miss-detection. We can produce 83,75% overall accuracy using pixel-based classification; this is better among other low-resolution images for Instants, Landsat, and Sentinel. Our results suggest that the WorldView-2 image could perform better on seagrass beds identification, yet further improvement on more robust classification methods and algorithms could amplify the mapping and monitoring strategy. Based on this, it can be used as basic data to support future coastal ecosystem management on Lancang Island.
Analysis of suitable site for seaweed aquaculture development in the Indonesian Sea (a case study of Fisheries Management Region-713), with the application of numerical model data
Authors: Rintaka W E , Berlianty D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Seaweed is an excellent product for cultivation in Indonesia therefore the expansion of seaweed aquaculture is crucial to be supported by the availability of data and accurate information. The Republic of Indonesia’s Fishery Management Region-713 (IFMR-713) has the potential for the development of seaweed cultivation. This study aims to conduct a spatial analysis of suitability for the development of seaweed cultivation using numerical models data based on multi-criteria evolution (MCE) in the IFMR-713. The primary data used for the analysis are (1) physical geographical parameters (includes: bathymetry, wave height, and current) and (2) water quality parameters (contains: temperature, salinity, pH, phosphate, and nitrate). The potential seaweed cultivation area in IFMR-713 is 63,125 km2 (13.12%) of the total area in IFMR-713 (481,300 km2). We also found that the local community utilized only a minor part of the very suitable area categorized for cultivating seaweed (based on data and information from each Local Government), so there is still an opportunity to develop the utilization into the very appropriate category. However, it is recommended that its use should be based on environmental methods and adapted to the coastal spatial plan to be used as an essential foundation to support the application of ecosystem-based fisheries.
Spatial study of total suspended solid (TSS) for shrimp catching areas based on changes in watershed land cover and oceanographic factors in Ciletuh Bay 2017 – 2021
Authors: Sukmawati D , Supriatna  , Rustanto A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The TSS in Ciletuh Bay originates from the Ci Leutuh and Ci Marinjung estuaries. This study aimed to analyze the effect of changes in watershed land cover and oceanographic factors (salinity, bathymetry, sea surface currents) on the distribution of TSS and the relationship between TSS and shrimp catch activity. This research uses remote sensing method, Budhiman Algorithm for TSS, Cilamaya Algorithm for salinity, and Maximum Likelihood Classification for watershed land cover. The results show that sea surface currents and changes in watershed land cover (forest, bare land, and shrub) affect the distribution of TSS in Ciletuh Bay. The relationship between TSS with salinity and bathymetry is negatively correlated. The existence of TSS in Ciletuh Bay causes the dominance of muddy waters so that it becomes a habitat for various types of Penaeid shrimp. The types of penaeid shrimp that are mostly caught in Ciletuh Bay are rebon shrimp and endok shrimp.
Potential extract of brown algae Sargassum sp. and Padina sp. as antibacterial Vibrio harveyi
Authors: Assegaf M , Insafitri  
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Vibrio sp. in shrimp farming ponds cause infection with Vibriosis which results in crop failure. Various efforts have been made, such as the administration of antibiotics derived from chemicals that can cause resistance to bacteria. One of the other efforts that can be done is to use marine organisms as natural antibacterial agents, such as brown algae of the genus Padina and Sargassum which have antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the best concentration of Sargassum sp. and Padina sp. in inhibiting the growth of Vibrio harveyi bacteria and knowing which brown algae extract was more effective in inhibiting the growth of V. harveyi bacteria. The extraction process was carried out using the maseration method with methanol as a solvent. Testing of antibacterial activity using agar diffusion method. The results showed that the extract of brown algae that was more effective in inhibiting the growth of V. harveyi was Padina sp., because the six treatments and positive control at 3 times of observation showed a clear zone that was greater than that of Sargassum sp. The best concentration of Sargassum sp. and Padina sp. in inhibiting the growth of V. harveyi bacteria was at a concentration of 2000 ppm for Sargassum sp. with the resulting inhibition zone of 18.2 ± 1.15 and 2000 ppm and 3000 ppm for the extract of Padina sp. with the resulting inhibition zones of 19.2 ± 2.75 and 19.5 ± 2.35. The resulting inhibition zone falls into the category of strong inhibitory activity.
Microplastic contamination in sediment and Strombus sp. on Bintan Island, Indonesia
Authors: Idris F , Rajib  , Hidayati J R , Febrianto T , Nugraha A H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The high level of public plastic consumption can trigger the increase of plastic and waste in marine areas. Plastic floats in the ocean will then be degraded into smaller sizes (<5 mm), namely microplastics. Microplastic can be dangerous to marine environments, especially to natural resources, including sediment and marine biotas., where microplastics are easily eaten by diverse marine biota. Bintan Island is a conservation area with abundant seagrass and associated biota resources, especially Strombus sp. This study examines microplastic contamination in sediment and Strombus sp. on Bintan Island, Indonesia. Samples (Strombus sp.) were collected from a 100 x 20 meter seagrass area, while sediment samples were taken in a 1 m x 1 m quadrant. The sediment was dried, and the biota was dissected to see the presence of microplastics. All microplastics collected from both samples were identified in shape and colour. The results showed that microplastics had been found in sediment and Strombus sp. Based on the characteristics of microplastics, the highest abundance of colour found was white, while the highest abundance of types found was a fragment
Environmental suitability and detection of cnidarian invasive species at Dumai and Kuala Tanjung Port using eDNA
Authors: Hartanto M T , Lestari D F , Sitanala E Y , Riyanto M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Malacca Strait is Indonesia’s most strategic traffic lane to support ship logistics activities. Ships with ballast water transfer systems can raise water quality issues, distribute foreign microorganisms, or introduce invasive species globally. Phylum Cnidaria has a strong potential to invade waters because all species in this phylum have nematocysts that function to penetrate toxins. This study aimed to determine oceanographic conditions and identify invasive species in the phylum Cnidaria based on eDNA approaches in the waters of the Rupat Strait and Kuala Tanjung Port. Sample identification found 114 species of Cnidaria at Dumai Port and 112 species at Kuala Tanjung Port. Fertility waters were detected to have mesotrophic status at Dumai Port and Eutrophic at Kuala Tanjung Port. Based on the Global invasive species database, we found Ectopleura crocea and Pelagia noctiluca, native to the Mediterranean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean. Environment parameter conditions support the existence of invasive species in both study sites.
Detection and identification of Red Snapper (Lutjanus gibbus and Lutjanus malabaricus) and grouper (Plectropomus leopardus and Plectropomus maculatus) with deep learning
Authors: Purnadi N F , Jaya I , Iqbal M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Indonesian fishing industry is a major global contributor, particularly in the production and export of snapper and grouper fish. These two groups of fish are known for their high diversity, but distinguishing between the different species can be challenging due to their morphological similarities. In order to overcome this challenge, this paper proposes the application of deep learning methods to identify the two major species of snapper and grouper accurately. The deep learning framework utilized in this study is Detectron2, a state-of-the-art object detection and segmentation model. The datasets used in the study consist of 500 images each for the snapper species Lutjanus gibbus and Lutjanus malabaricus, and the grouper species Plectropomus leopardus and Plectropomus maculatus, totaling 2000 images. The datasets were labeled using Coco Annotator software with a focus on species segmentation. The labeled datasets were then trained using Google Collaboratory, resulting in an accuracy value of 89.51%, a precision of 87.69%, a recall of 99.85%, and an F1-score of 93.38%. These results demonstrate that, even with a relatively limited number of datasets, it is possible to accurately identify the Red Snapper Lutjanus gibbus and Lutjanus malabaricus, as well as the grouper species Plectropomus leopardus and Plectropomus maculatus using deep learning methods. In conclusion, this paper demonstrates the potential of deep learning methods, specifically Detectron2, in accurately identifying snapper and grouper species. The results of this study suggest that this technology can be used to improve the accuracy and efficiency of fish species identification, which could have significant implications for the fishing industry and marine conservation efforts.