bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injectable bulking agents for treating faecal incontinence
Authors: Vaizey C J , Kamm M A 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackgroundReports of the use of injectable bulking agents for faecal incontinence are currently confined to a small number of pilot studies. However, the use of these agents is rapidly becoming widespread based on this limited knowledge.MethodsThis review provides an overview of the products available and the methods of delivery based on the pilot studies, selected articles reporting experience of these agents in urology, plastic surgery and laryngology, and some animal studies.Results and conclusionsAlthough bulking agents have been used to treat urinary incontinence for over four decades, their use in faecal incontinence has so far been limited. The large choice of products now available and the lack of a defined injection strategy will hamper efforts to produce meaningful prospective randomized trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of technique for closure of the pancreatic remnant after distal pancreatectomy
Authors: Knaebel H P , Diener M K , Wente M N , Büchler M W , Seiler C M 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackgroundAppropriate closure of the pancreatic remnant after distal pancreatectomy is still debated. A variety of procedures have been recommended to reduce the frequency of pancreatic fistula. This review quantitatively compares the available techniques.MethodsOriginal articles and abstracts published up to the end of June 2004 were searched without language restriction in the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline and Embase. Three reviewers independently assessed each study's eligibility and quality, and extracted the data. A random effects model was performed using weighted odds ratios.ResultsOnly ten of 262 articles could be included, two randomized clinical trials and eight observational studies. Reported postoperative morbidity varied from 13·3 to 64 per cent. The primary outcome measure, pancreatic fistula rate, occurred within the range 0–60·9 per cent. Meta-analysis of the six studies comparing stapler versus hand-sutured closure showed a non-significant combined odds ratio for occurrence of a pancreatic fistula of 0·66 (95 per cent confidence interval 0·35 to 1·26, P = 0·21) in favour of stapler closure.ConclusionsThe quality and quantity of information extracted from the available trials are insufficient to enable any firm conclusion to be drawn on the optimal surgical technique of pancreatic stump closure; there is a trend in favour of the stapling technique.
Ischaemic preconditioning in transplantation and major resection of the liver
Authors: Banga N R , Homer-Vanniasinkam S , Graham A , Al-Mukhtar A , White S A , Prasad K R 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

Background
Ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality of transplantation and major resection of the liver. Its severity is reduced by ischaemic preconditioning (IP), the precise mechanisms of which are not completely understood. This review discusses the pathophysiology and role of IP in this clinical setting.

Methods
A Medline search was performed using the keywords ‘ischaemic preconditioning’, ‘ischaemia–reperfusion injury’, ‘transplantation’ and ‘hepatic resection’. Additional articles were obtained from references within the papers identified by the Medline search.

Results and conclusion
The mechanisms underlying hepatic IRI are complex, but IP reduces the severity of such injury in several animal models and in recent human trials. Increased understanding of the cellular processes involved in IP is of importance in the development of treatment strategies aimed at improving outcome after liver transplantation and major hepatic resection.
Discrimination of Single‐Nucleotide Alterations by G‐Specific Fluorescence Quenching
Authors: Dohno Chikara , Saito Isao 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA new strategy for the detection of single‐base alterations through fluorescence quenching by guanine (G) is described. We have devised a novel base‐discriminating fluorescent (BDF) nucleoside, 4′PyT, that contains a pyrenecarboxamide fluorophore at the thymidine sugar’s C4′‐position. 4′PyT‐containing oligodeoxynucleotides only exhibited enhanced fluorescence in response to the presence of a complementary adenine base. In contrast, the fluorescence of mismatched duplexes containing 4′PyT/N base pairs (N=C, G, or T) was considerably weaker. This highly A‐selective fluorescence was a product of guanine‐specific quenching efficiency; when the complementary base to 4′PyT was a mismatch, the pyrenecarboxamide fluorophore was able to interact intimately with neighboring G bases (the most likely interaction in the case of intercalation), so effective quenching by the G bases occurred in the mismatched duplexes. In contrast, duplexes containing 4′PyT/A base pairs exhibited strong emission, since in this case the fluorophores were positioned in the minor groove and able to escape fluorescence quenching by the G bases.
Promotion Effects in the Oxidation of CO over Zeolite‐Supported Pt Nanoparticles.
Authors: Visser Tom , Nijhuis T. Alexander , van der Eerden Ad M. J. , Jenken Karin , Ji Yaying , Bras Wim , Nikitenko Sergei , Ikeda Yasuo , Lepage Muriel , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New and Industrially Favorable Method for Synthesizing Sandia Octahedral Molecular Sieve (SOMS‐1) Na2Nb1.6Ti0.4O5.6 (OH)0.4×H2O: Synthesis, Structure, and Scale‐up.
Authors: Nenoff Tina M. , Pless Jason D. , Michaels Emily , Phillips Mark L. F. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bonding and Oxidation State of a Transition Metal Atom Encapsulated in an Isolated Octahedral Cluster Cation of Main Group Elements: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Electronic Structure of Pt2In14Ga3O8F15 Containing Highly Positive 18‐Electron Complex [PtIn6]10+ and Low‐Valent In+ Ions.
Authors: Koehler Juergen , Chang Jen‐Hui , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Organocatalysis with Proline Derivatives. Improved Catalysts for the Asymmetric Mannich, Nitro‐Michael and Aldol Reactions.
Authors: Cobb Alexander J. A. , Shaw David M. , Longbottom Deborah A. , Gold Johan B. , Ley Steven V. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective Alkynylation of Aromatic Aldehydes Catalyzed by New Chiral Oxazolidine Ligands.
Authors: Kang Yong‐feng , Wang Rui , Liu Lei , Da Chao‐shan , Yan Wen‐jin , Xu Zhao‐qing 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ammonia‐Promoted Fragmentation of 2‐Alkyl‐ and 2,4‐Dialkyl‐3‐iodo‐1‐oxocyclohexan‐2,4‐carbolactones.
Authors: Dai Mingshi , Zhang Xuqing , Khim Seock‐Kyu , Schultz Arthur G. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Connection Reaction of Dimethylzinc, 1,ω‐Ene‐diene, and Acetone: Synthesis of 1,2‐Disubstituted Cycloalkanes.
Authors: Kimura Masanari , Kojima Keisuke , Tamaru Yoshinao 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Mild Method for Halofluorination of Alkenes with Ionic Liquid EMIMF(HF)2.3.
Authors: Yoshino Hideaki , Matsubara Seijiro , Oshima Koichiro , Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Hagiwara Rika , Ito Yasuhiko 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Difluorocarbene Chemistry: Synthesis of gem‐Difluorocyclopropenylalkynes (III) and 3,3,3′,3′‐Tetrafluorobicyclopropyl‐1,1′‐dienes (V)
Authors: Cheng Zhan‐Ling , Chen Qing‐Yun 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Totally Selective Ring‐Opening of Amino Epoxides with Ketones: A General Entry to Enantiopure (2R,3S)‐ and (2S,3S)‐3‐Aminoalkano‐1,2‐diols.
Authors: Concellon Jose M. , Suarez Jose Ramon , Garcia‐Granda Santiago , Diaz M. Rosario 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Reagent System for Attaining High Regio‐ and Stereoselectivities in Allylic Displacement of 4‐Cyclopentene‐1,3‐diol Monoacetate with Aryl‐ and Alkenylmagnesium Bromides.
Authors: Kobayashi Yuichi , Nakata Kenya , Ainai Takayuki 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthetic Studies Toward Chiral Aromatic Triynes as Key Substrates for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Helicene‐Like Molecules.
Authors: Alexandrova Zuzana , Stara Irena G. , Sehnal Petr , Teply Filip , Stary Ivo , Saman David , Fiedler Pavel 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Base‐ and Light‐Assisted Synthesis of Anthracenes from 3‐Allylnaphthalene‐2‐carbaldehydes.
Authors: de Koning Charles B. , Manzini Sunnyboy S. , Michael Joseph P. , Mmutlane Edwin M. , Tshabidi Tefo R. , van Otterlo Willem A. L. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 1S,5R‐ and 1R,5S‐Glycoluriles by Diastereospecific α‐Ureidoalkylation of (S)/(R)‐N‐Carbamoyl‐α‐amino Acids with 4,5‐Dihydroxyimidazolidin‐2‐one.
Authors: Chikunov Il'ya E. , Kravchenko Angelina N. , Belyakov Pavel A. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Baranov Vladimir V. , Lebedev Oleg V. , Makhova Nina N. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thermal Ring Closure Reaction of 4‐Methyl‐7‐(1,1‐disubstituted propyne‐2‐yloxy)chromen‐2‐ones: The Effects of the Substituents at Propargylic Position on Reactivity and Products.
Authors: Zhang Qian , Chen Ying , Xia Yi , Yang Zhengyu , Xia Peng 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Properties of Novel Stilbazolium Analogues as Second‐Order Nonlinear Optical Chromophores.
Authors: Tsuji Kyoko , Nishimura Naoyuki , Duan Xuan‐Ming , Okada Shuji , Oikawa Hidetoshi , Matsuda Hiro , Nakanishi Hachiro 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electron Transfer Initiated and Highly Selective Photocyclization of N‐Acyl‐α‐dehydroarylalaninamides to 3,4‐Dihydroquinolinone Derivatives.
Authors: Maekawa Kei , Fujita Kunio , Iizuka Katsuyuki , Igarashi Tetsutaro , Sakurai Tadamitsu 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Zirconium(IV) Chloride Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,3‐Unsaturated C, N, O, S, and Heteroaromatic Glycosylation in the Ferrier Rearrangement.
Authors: Swamy Navath Raghavendra , Srinivasulu Masuna , Reddy Thummalapally Srikanth , Goud Thirumani Venkateshwar , Venkateswarlu Yenamandra 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nucleosides. Part 11. Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of 5′‐Alkylthio‐5′‐deoxy Quinazolinone Nucleoside Derivatives as S‐Adenosyl‐L‐homocysteine Analogues.
Authors: Chien Tun‐Cheng , Chen Chien‐Shu , Yu Fang‐Hwa , Chern Ji‐Wang 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Low‐Melting, Low‐Viscous, Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids: N‐Alkyl(alkyl ether)‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium Perfluoroethyltrifluoroborate.
Authors: Zhou Zhi‐Bin , Matsumoto Hajime , Tatsumi Kuniaki 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Immobilized Hydrosilylation Catalysts Based on Rhodium 1,3‐Bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐3,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyrimidin‐2‐ylidenes
Authors: Imlinger Nicolas , Wurst Klaus , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioseparation by HPLC using phenylcarbonate, benzoylformate, p‐toluenesulfonylcarbamate, and benzoylcarbamates of cellulose and amylose as chiral stationary phases
Authors: Ikai Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Chiyo , Kamigaito Masami , Okamoto Yoshio 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPhenylcarbonate, benzoylformate, and p‐toluenesulfonylcarbamate of cellulose and five new benzoylcarbamate derivatives of both cellulose and amylose were synthesized and their chiral recognition abilities were evaluated as chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cellulose benzoylcarbamate has a higher chiral recognition ability compared to phenylcarbonate, p‐toluenesulfonylcarbamate, and benzoylformate of cellulose. The benzoylcarbamate derivatives exhibited a characteristic chiral recognition for the racemates, which bear a hydrogen atom capable of hydrogen bonding to the carbonyl group of the benzoylcarbamates. The structures of the benzoylcarbamates were investigated by CD spectroscopy. Chirality 17:299–304, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Results of combined‐modality therapy for limited‐stage small cell lung carcinoma in the elderly
Authors: Schild Steven E. , Stella Philip J. , Brooks Burke J. , Mandrekar Sumithra , Bonner James A. , McGinnis William L. , Mailliard James A. , Krook James E. , Deming Richard L. , Adjei Alex A. , Jatoi Aminah , Jett James R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDA Phase III trial was conducted by the North Central Cancer Treatment Group to determine whether chemotherapy (etoposide and cisplatin) plus either twice‐daily radiotherapy (BIDRT) or once‐daily radiotherapy (QDRT) resulted in a better outcome for patients with limited‐stage small cell lung carcinoma (LD‐SCLC). No difference in survival was identified between the two arms. The current analysis examined the relation between age and outcome for patients treated during this trial.METHODSThe current study included 263 patients with LD‐SCLC and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of ≤ 2 who were randomized to receive QDRT or split‐course BIDRT. The outcomes of the 209 (79%) younger patients (age < 70 years old) were compared with the 54 (21%) elderly patients (age ≥ 70 years old).RESULTSElderly patients presented with significantly greater weight loss and poorer performance status. The 2‐year and 5‐year survival rates were 48% and 22% for younger patients compared with 33% and 17% for older patients (P = 0.14). One specific toxicity (i.e., Grade ≥ 4 pneumonitis [according to National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria]) occurred in 0% of those patients age < 70 years compared with 6% of older patients (P = 0.008). Grade 5 toxicity occurred in 1 of 209 (0.5%) patients age < 70 years compared with 3 of 54 (5.6%) older patients (P = 0.03).CONCLUSIONSDespite having more weight loss, poorer performance status, increased pulmonary toxicity, and more deaths due to treatment, survival was not found to be significantly worse in older individuals. Fit elderly patients with LD‐SCLC can receive combined‐modality therapy with the expectation of relatively favorable long‐term survival. Future research should focus on ways to decrease toxicity especially in the elderly. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma: The experience of the Rizzoli Institute
Authors: Bertoni Franco , Bacchini Patrizia , Staals Eric L. , Davidovitz Peter 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDDedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma (DPOS) is a variant of osteosarcoma in which a high‐grade sarcoma coexists with a conventional parosteal osteosarcoma (c‐POS), either at presentation (synchronous type) or at the time of recurrence (metachronous type). Only approximately 60 patients have been reported in the literature. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinicopathologic and radiographic features of a relatively large number of patients with DPOS in an attempt to define further the histologic and biologic behavior of this rare entity.METHODSIn a series of 120 patients with parosteal osteosarcoma who were seen at the Rizzoli Institute from 1958 to 2000, the authors identified 29 patients who were diagnosed with DPOS. The authors reviewed the clinical and radiologic features, histologic sections, treatments, and outcomes in this group of patients with DPOS.RESULTSTwelve patients were male, and 17 patients were female. The patients ranged in age from 15 years to 65 yrs (average, 36 years; median, 32 years). One tumor involved the scapula, one involved the ilium, and another involved the skull. All 26 of the other tumors were located in the long bones (14 in the femur, 5 in the humerus, 3 in the tibia, 3 in the fibula, and 1 in the ulna). In 18 patients, radiographic areas of lucency were seen within an otherwise sclerotic lesion. Histologically, the dedifferentiated component was high‐grade osteoblastic osteosarcoma in 14 patients, fibroblastic osteosarcoma in 10 patients, giant cell‐rich osteosarcoma in 3 patients, and chondroblastic osteosarcoma in 2 patients. All tumors were Stage IIB, and invasion of the medullary canal was detected in 19 patients (65%). Twenty‐eight patients underwent surgery, and 18 of those patients received chemotherapy (5 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and 13 patients received adjuvant). Nine patients were dead and 20 patients were alive (average follow‐up, 107 months; range, from 3 months to 36 years) at the last follow‐up. Of the nine patients who died, one patient received no treatment, five patients underwent surgery (with three patients achieving adequate margins) in combination with chemotherapy, and three patients underwent surgery only (with adequate margins achieved). Of the 20 patients who remained alive, 13 patients underwent surgery (with 10 patients achieving adequate margins) in combination with chemotherapy, whereas 7 patients underwent surgery only (all with adequate margins). Seven of the nine patients who died had widespread metastases. One patient died of causes unrelated to the tumor, and another patient died shortly after undergoing resection of a lesion in the skull.CONCLUSIONSDedifferentiation occurred in approximately 24% of patients with c‐POS. The prognosis for patients with DPOS was better than the prognosis for patients with dedifferentiated central and dedifferentiated peripheral chondrosarcoma. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
The risk of developing second cancers among survivors of childhood soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Cohen Randi J. , Curtis Rochelle E. , Inskip Peter D. , Fraumeni Joseph F. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrevious studies have shown that children who are treated for soft tissue sarcoma (STS) are at increased risk for developing second cancers. However, the risk for specific cancer sites and variations in risk by treatment and STS histology remain unclear.METHODSThe study evaluated 1499 children (age < 18 years) who survived for ≥ 1 year after they were diagnosed with STS and who were reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) population‐based cancer registries from 1973 to 2000.RESULTSTwenty‐seven children developed 28 subsequent primary malignancies, compared with 4.5 expected malignances based on general population rates (observed‐to‐expected [O/E] ratio = 6.3 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 4.2–9.1). The risk of developing a subsequent malignancy was increased among children with rhabdomyosarcoma (observed = 11 malignancies; O/E ratio = 7.7), fibromatous neoplasms (observed = 9 malignancies; O/E ratio = 5.8), and other specified STS (observed = 7 malignancies; O/E ratio = 6.5). Initial therapy with radiation and chemotherapeutic agents was associated with a significantly higher risk of second malignancies compared with surgery alone (O/E ratio = 15.2 vs. 1.4; P < 0.0001). Elevated risks were observed for acute myeloid leukemia, cutaneous melanoma, female breast cancer, and sarcomas of the bone and soft tissue, with generally higher risks among patients who initially received combined modality therapy. Excess cancers of the oral cavity were prominent among long‐term survivors. For several children, the pattern of multiple malignancies was consistent with a genetic syndrome, particularly neurofibromatosis type 1 and Li–Fraumeni syndrome.CONCLUSIONSThe risk of second malignancies was increased for all histologic types of childhood STS and was particularly high among patients who received combined modality therapy. Cancer 2005. Published 2005 by the American Cancer Society.
Risk factors for the development of second primary tumors among men after laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Dikshit Rajesh P. , Boffetta Paolo , Bouchardy Christine , Merletti Franco , Crosignani Paolo , Cuchi Teresa , Ardanaz Eva , Brennan Paul 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDSecond primary tumors (SPT) constitute a major threat to the survival of patients with laryngeal carcinoma. However, to the authors' knowledge little is known regarding the risk factors for developing SPTs or about the strategy to be followed to avoid them.METHODSEight hundred seventy‐six male patients with laryngeal/hypopharyngeal carcinoma enrolled in a population‐based, case–control study in 5 centers from South Europe during 1979–1982 were followed up to ascertain the occurrence of SPTs. Standardized incidence ratios were calculated to estimate the risk of SPT occurring in the cohort. Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to estimate the hazard ratio for development of SPTs in relation to use of tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary habits before the first primary tumor.RESULTSOne hundred forty‐five patients developed an SPT with an annual average rate of 2.1%. An excess risk of developing an SPT of the tongue, mouth, esophagus, and lung was observed. No elevated risks of SPTs were observed in other organs. Alcohol consumption strongly increased the risk of developing an SPT of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT). Heavy cumulative cigarette smoking increased the risk of developing a lung SPT. A protective effect of high intake of citrus fruit was noticed for SPT in the lung, whereas high butter intake was associated with an increased risk for SPT of the UADT.CONCLUSIONSContinuous medical surveillance was essential in the UADT and lung to reduce the risk from an SPT after initial laryngeal/hypopahryngeal carcinoma. Alcohol consumption before the first primary tumor was a risk factor for SPT of the UADT. The study suggested a protective role of citrus fruits in the development of a lung SPT. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.