bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Major fluvial erosion and a 500‐Mt sediment pulse triggered by lava‐dam failure, Río Coca, Ecuador
Authors: Barrera Crespo Pedro D. , Espinoza Girón Pablo , Bedoya Renán , Gibson Stanford , East Amy E. , Langendoen Eddy J. , Boyd Paul 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe failure of a 144‐m‐high lava‐dam waterfall on the Río Coca, Ecuador, in February 2020 initiated a catastrophic watershed reset—regressive erosion upstream and a massive sediment pulse downstream—as the river evolves towards a new equilibrium grade. The evolution of this river corridor after a sudden base‐level fall embodies the “complex response” concepts long understood through laboratory experiments, numerical modelling and smaller‐scale field studies, but that have not been observed in the field before on this scale. This paper presents geomorphic and geotechnical data to characterize the evolution of the Río Coca since 2020. In the three years after the lava‐dam failure, the erosion front migrated almost 13 km upstream along the mainstem river and triggered secondary headcuts that began migrating up tributaries. Erosion of the mainstem and tributary valleys generated a sediment pulse estimated to be 277 million m3 and ~500 million tonnes (Mt) over three years, depositing sediment tens of meters thick over tens of kilometres downstream from the former waterfall. This sediment pulse is one of the largest in modern times, comparable to the annual sediment load of a major continent‐draining river but with orders‐of‐magnitude greater sediment yield. Geomorphic adjustment of the Río Coca represents a highly unusual natural disaster threatening life, property, water quality, the regional economy, major infrastructure and energy security. However, this event also provides a rare opportunity to learn how a large autogenic watershed disturbance and recovery evolve, with important lessons for interpreting the sedimentary record of volcanic landscapes.
Exploring diagnostic strategies for memory complaints in older adults: A retrospective general practice database study
Authors: Linden Iris , Perry Marieke , Wolfs Claire , Schers Henk , Dirksen Carmen , Ponds Rudolf 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesFor older people who worry about their memory, their general practitioner (GP) is often the first healthcare professional they turn to. This study aims to increase knowledge of GPs' daily practice on diagnostic strategies for patients who present themselves with memory complaints and/or worries about dementia for the first time in general practice and to explore associations of patients' characteristics with these strategies.MethodRetrospective observational study using electronic patient records from patients presenting with memory complaints between 2012 and 2019. The patient records are derived from a Dutch primary care registration network. The decision on diagnostic strategy was extracted and categorized as (1) wait and see, (2) diagnostic testing in primary care, or (3) referral. Patient characteristics (gender, age, general practice, level of comorbidities, chronic polypharmacy, and the number of consultations on memory complaints), fear of developing dementia, and information on why the first consultation on memory complaints was scheduled were extracted.ResultsA total of 228 patients were included. Most patients were cared for within primary care, either for further primary care diagnostics (56.1%) or because a wait‐and‐see strategy was pursued (14.9%). One‐third (28.9%) of patients were referred. Differences between diagnostic strategies in patient characteristics, fear of developing dementia, or reason for first consultation between these diagnostic strategies were not found, nor were these variables predictive of referral.ConclusionMost Dutch patients with memory complaints and/or worries about dementia who seek help from their GP for the first time are cared for in the primary care setting for the following 6 months. The lack of association between included patient characteristics and diagnostic strategies highlights the complexity of the decision‐making process on diagnostic testing for dementia in general practice.
Role of feature tracking cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in early detection of cardiac dysfunction in β‐thalassemia patients recovered from COVID‐19: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Houshmand Golnaz , Parsaee Mozhgan , Najmafshar Leila , Rajablou Nadia , Golroudbari Hasti T. , Hosseini Rana , Omidi Negar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and Aimsβ‐Thalassemia patients may have cardiac complications due to iron overload, which puts them at higher risk of cardiac complications induced by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) compared with the normal population. The present study aims to evaluate early cardiovascular complications following iron overload in β‐thalassemia patients who had early recovery from COVID‐19 by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and feature‐tracking technique.MethodsThirty‐two confirmed COVID‐19‐recovered β‐thalassemia cases were evaluated within 3 weeks to 3 months after a positive reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction COVID‐19 test. Both the heart and liver of all patients were examined using cardiac MRI.ResultsWe analyzed 32 patients with mean age of 32.84 ± 6.45 years at baseline. Left ventricular global strain values were significantly associated with myocardial T2*. A cut‐off value of −15.08% for global longitudinal strain (GLS) with sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 61.1% (p = 0.017), 32.33% for global radial strain (GRS) with sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 94.4% (p = 0.001) and −16.21 for global circumferential strain (GCS), with sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 89.9% (p = 0.013) may indicate cardiac iron overload.ConclusionGLS, GRS, and GCS were significantly decreased in patients with myocardial T2* <20 ms (iron overload), while no significant change was observed in the right and left ventricular ejection fraction (RV‐ and LVEF). Cardiac MRI feature‐tracking may be helpful in the early detection of cardiac complications resulting from iron overload in β‐thalassemia patients who had early recovery from COVID‐19.
Spatio‐temporal analysis of deaths from carbon monoxide poisoning in Iran between 2011 and 2018: An ecological study
Authors: Alimohamadi Yousef , Rahimi Danial , Mehri Ahmad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsMortality caused by carbon monoxide every year threatens the lives of Iranian people, whose spatial and temporal distribution is not known for formulating prevention policies and interventions. This study was conducted to determine the trend of mortality rate changes due to carbon monoxide CO poisoning by Spatio‐temporal analysis in Iran from 2011 to 2018.MethodsAn ecological study was conducted based on data from the reports at the National Center for Statistics of Iran for 8 years from 21 March 2011 to 21 March 2018. The number of deaths due to CO poisoning and the annual mortality rates of CO poisoning per 100,000 populations were calculated. To determine the geographical and temporal distribution of death caused by carbon monoxide, spatiotemporal statistical analysis was used.ResultsA total of 6078 deaths were reported due to CO poisoning 4497 deaths were male (74%) and 1596 were female (26%) from 2011 to 2018. Both sexes' mortality rate due to CO poisoning was 1.26 from 2011 to 0.91 in 2018. According to the results, the overall male‐to‐female ratio was 2.8. The mortality rate due to CO Poisoning had a decreasing trend. However, this trend did not have a linear trend (p = 0.37). The highest mortality due to CO poisoning was seen in the northern and western provinces of Iran.ConclusionOur results showed that the mortality rate due to CO poisoning had a decreasing trend during the understudied period. Also, most of the deaths due to CO poisoning occurred in the northern and western provinces of Iran. So, designing prevention programs as well as increasing people's awareness in these regions is recommended.
Time‐dependent double phase dusty fluid flow over an oscillatory rotating disk
Authors: Alahmadi H. , Rauf A. , Mushtaq T. , Tanveer N. , Omar M. , Shehzad S. A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe dispersion of solid particles in a viscous fluid leads to a two‐phase flow nature. The present study incorporates the time‐dependent three‐dimensional dusty fluid flow generated by a periodically oscillatory rotating disk. The disk is stretchable along the radial axis with time‐based sinusoidal fluctuations. The governing incompressible flow equations for two‐phase equilibrium are normalized in the form of similarity systems consisting of the fluid stage and dust phase. The whole normalized system reduces to the familiar Von Kármán similarity system for the flow configuration of rotating disk by removing the dust phase and periodic oscillations of the disk. The two‐phase flow model is then numerically solved by a built‐in method namely “pdsolve” in Maple built program. The graphical aspects of the obtained physical parameters on velocity and thermal fields of the dust particle stage are investigated to show how the oscillatory disk contributes to the dusty flow features. The wall shears and thermal rates of the fluid and dust particles are also calculated in limiting case of disk rotation. It is observed that in time‐based flow, the oscillatory profiles preserve a phase shifting phenomenon. For centrifugal forces, the particle cloud moves away from the surface along a tangential direction. The thermal field is reduced by the dust particle stages.
Experimental evaluation of the wind convection heat transfer on the glass cover of the single‐slope solar still
Authors: Rahmani Ahmed , Chouaf Fethi , Bouzid Lakhdar , Bedoui Samir 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAccurate evaluation of the wind convection heat transfer coefficient (hw) for solar‐based systems is essential, especially for solar desalination systems. Thermal behavior and productivity of solar stills are highly affected by the external heat loss through the glass cover. This paper describes a new experimental approach to estimate the hw on the glass cover of the conventional single‐slope solar distiller (CSS). Indoor experiments have been conducted under steady‐state conditions for a wind speed between 0 and 3 m/s. The hw has been evaluated through an energy balance performed on the distiller's glass cover. The results showed that increasing the wind speed increases the hw (from 5.64 to 31.57 W/m2 K) and enhances the distillation rate (from 5.28 to 7.61 mL/min). A new relationship for the hw was proposed for the CSS and compared with the experimental data available in the literature. The comparison shows that the obtained results are close to the data from solar systems, with a deviation ranging from 27.4% to 37%. However, a significant deviation was obtained with earlier models derived from flat plates (from 29.5% to 59%).
Molecular analysis of cancer genomes in children with Lynch syndrome: Exploring causal associations
Authors: Weijers Dilys D. , Hirsch Steffen , Bakhuizen Jette J. , van Engelen Nienke , Kester Lennart A. , Kranendonk Mariëtte E. G. , Hiemcke‐Jiwa Laura S. , de Vos‐Kerkhof Evelien , Loeffen Jan L. C. , Autry Robert J. , Pajtler Kristian W. , Jäger Natalie , Jongmans Marjolijn C. J. , Kuiper Roland P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLynch syndrome (LS) predisposes to cancer in adulthood and is caused by heterozygous germline variants in a mismatch repair (MMR) gene. Recent studies show an increased prevalence of LS among children with cancer, suggesting a causal relationship. For LS‐spectrum (LSS) cancers, including high‐grade gliomas and colorectal cancer, causality has been supported by typical MMR‐related tumor characteristics, but for non‐LSS cancers, causality is unclear. We characterized 20 malignant tumors of 18 children with LS, including 16 non‐LSS tumors. We investigated second hits, tumor mutational load, mutational signatures and MMR protein expression. In all LSS tumors and three non‐LSS tumors, we detected MMR deficiency caused by second hit somatic alterations. Furthermore, these MMR‐deficient tumors carried driver variants that likely originated as a consequence of MMR deficiency. However, in 13 non‐LSS tumors (81%), a second hit and MMR deficiency were absent, thus a causal link between LS and cancer development in these children is lacking. These findings demonstrate that causality of LS in children with cancer, which can be determined by molecular tumor characterization, seems to be restricted to specific tumor types. Large molecular and epidemiological studies are needed to further refine the tumor spectrum in children with LS.
Clostridium butyricum and carbohydrate active enzymes contribute to the reduced fat deposition in pigs
Authors: Ma Lingyan , Tao Shiyu , Song Tongxing , Lyu Wentao , Li Ying , Wang Wen , Shen Qicheng , Ni Yan , Zhu Jiang , Zhao Jiangchao , Yang Hua , Xiao Yingping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPig gastrointestinal tracts harbor a heterogeneous and dynamic ecosystem populated with trillions of microbes, enhancing the ability of the host to harvest energy from dietary carbohydrates and contributing to host adipogenesis and fatness. However, the microbial community structure and related mechanisms responsible for the differences between the fatty phenotypes and the lean phenotypes of the pigs remained to be comprehensively elucidated. Herein, we first found significant differences in microbial composition and potential functional capacity among different gut locations in Jinhua pigs with distinct fatness phenotypes. Second, we identified that Jinhua pigs with lower fatness exhibited higher levels of short‐chain fatty acids in the colon, highlighting their enhanced carbohydrate fermentation capacity. Third, we explored the differences in expressed carbohydrate‐active enzyme (CAZyme) in pigs, indicating their involvement in modulating fat storage. Notably, Clostridium butyricum might be a representative bacterial species from Jinhua pigs with lower fatness, and a significantly higher percentage of its genome was dedicated to CAZyme glycoside hydrolase family 13 (GH13). Finally, a subsequent mouse intervention study substantiated the beneficial effects of C. butyricum isolated from experimental pigs, suggesting that it may possess characteristics that promote the utilization of carbohydrates and hinder fat accumulation. Remarkably, when Jinhua pigs were administered C. butyricum, similar alterations in the gut microbiome and host fatness traits were observed, further supporting the potential role of C. butyricum in modulating fatness. Taken together, our findings reveal previously overlooked links between C. butyricum and CAZyme function, providing insight into the basic mechanisms that connect gut microbiome functions to host fatness.
Glucomannan promotes Bacteroides ovatus to improve intestinal barrier function and ameliorate insulin resistance
Authors: Nie Qixing , Sun Yonggan , Hu Wenbing , Chen Chunhua , Lin Qiongni , Nie Shaoping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBioactive dietary fiber has been proven to confer numerous health benefits against metabolic diseases based on the modification of gut microbiota. The metabolic protective effects of glucomannan have been previously reported in animal experiments and clinical trials. However, critical microbial signaling metabolites and the host targets associated with the metabolic benefits of glucomannan remain elusive. The results of this study revealed that glucomannan supplementation alleviated high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced insulin resistance in mice and that its beneficial effects were dependent on the gut microbiota. Administration of glucomannan to mice promoted the growth of Bacteroides ovatus. Moreover, colonization with B. ovatus in HFD‐fed mice resulted in a decrease in insulin resistance, accompanied by improved intestinal barrier integrity and reduced systemic inflammation. Furthermore, B. ovatus‐derived indoleacetic acid (IAA) was established as a key bioactive metabolite that fortifies intestinal barrier function via activation of intestinal aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), leading to an amelioration in insulin resistance. Thus, we conclude that glucomannan acts through the B. ovatus‐IAA‐intestinal AhR axis to relieve insulin resistance.
Between conflict and coexistence: Wildlife in rubber‐dominated landscapes
Authors: Harich‐Wloka Franziska K. , Treydte Anna C. , Ogutu Joseph O. , Savini Chution , Sribuarod Kriangsak , Savini Tommaso 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe continuing loss and degradation of their natural habitats forces some wildlife species to increasingly extend their habitats into farmlands, thereby intensifying conflicts with people as resources diminish. Despite massive expansion in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations in recent decades, little is known about the diversity and distribution of wild mammals in rubber‐dominated landscapes or the associated human‐wildlife conflicts. We assessed the presence and diversity of mammalian wildlife and damage occurrence in such rubber landscapes in southern Thailand, in and around Tai Rom Yen National Park. We interviewed 180 farmers about wildlife visits to their farms and the resulting damage. We conducted 50 transect walks within and adjacent to a natural forest and deployed camera traps at the boundary between the plantations and the forest, as well as deeper into the forest, to assess wildlife presence. A total of 35 mammal species were recorded inside the forest. More than 70% of these were also present at the forest boundary, but species presence and diversity were far lower in the farmland. Elephants (Elephas maximus) were responsible for 90% of wildlife damage incidents within the rubber plantations, with 86% of these cases affecting young plants that had not yet been tapped. Although almost half of the survey respondents reported elephants visiting their farms, less than half of them reported damage. These results suggest that rubber‐dominated landscapes surrounding protected areas have the potential to facilitate coexistence between people and certain wildlife species, particularly if young plants are better protected and plantation management is made more wildlife friendly.
Companion robot communication with road infrastructure as part of IoRT
Authors: Siergiejczyk Mirosław , Krzykowska‐Piotrowska Karolina , Olearnik Piotr 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInternational Federation of Robotics (IFR) forecasts and the conducted literature analysis prove that part of the research should be focused on adapting the companion robot to moving around in open space in external conditions. There is a visible interest in the use of robotic devices in the care and assistance of the elderly or disabled people. However, the external environment still contains many obstacles and barriers. According to the authors, the solution to some of the problems related to movement in outdoor conditions would be to communicate the companion robot with the road infrastructure, inter alia, via Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT). This is why the purpose of this article is to present the concept of communication of the companion robot with the road infrastructure.
High mobility group box 1 knockdown inhibits EV71 replication and attenuates cell pyroptosis through TLR4/NF‐κB/NLRP3 axis
Authors: Zhang Yufeng , Li Jing , Deng Huiling , Wan Han , Xu Pengfei , Wang Jun , Liu Ruiqing , Tang Tiantian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEnterovirus 71 (EV71) is a major causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in children. Nowadays, there are still no effective antiviral drugs for EV71 infection. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is reported to be highly expressed in HFMD patients. However, the role and underlying mechanism of HMGB1 in EV71‐associated HFMD are still unclear. HMGB1 expression was detected using RT‐qPCR and western blot assays. Loss‐ and gain‐function experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of HMGB1 on EV71‐infected cells. The virus titer was examined by TCID50. CCK‐8 and flow cytometry assays were applied to detect the cell viability and cell cycle. Oxidative stress was determined by relative commercial kits. HMGB1 level was elevated in the serum of EV71‐infected patients with HFMD and EV71‐induced RD cells. EV71 infection induced the transfer of HMGB1 from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. HMGB1 knockdown inhibited virus replication, viral protein (VP1) expression and promoted antiviral factor expression. In addition, the inhibition of HMGB1 improved cell viability, protected against S phase arrest, and inhibited EV71‐induced cell injury and oxidative stress, whereas HMGB1 overexpression showed the opposite effects. In terms of mechanism, HMGB1 overexpression activated the TLR4/NF‐κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway and promoted cell pyroptosis. The inhibition of TLR4 and NF‐κB reversed the effects of HMGB1 overexpression on virus replication, oxidative stress, and pyroptosis. In conclusion, HMGB1 knockdown inhibits EV71 replication and attenuates pyroptosis through TLR4/NF‐κB/NLRP3 axis.
Synthesis, biological evaluation, and In silico molecular docking of N‐(4‐(4‐substitutedphenyl)‐6‐(substituted aryl) pyrimidin‐2‐yl)‐2‐(2‐isonicotinoyl hydrazinyl) acetamide
Authors: Soni Hetal I. , Patel Navin B. , Ahmad Iqrar , Patel Harun , Rivera Gildardo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIsonicotinohydrazide is the first‐line medication in the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. Antitubercular, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, antimalarial activity, anticancer, antineoplastic activity, and anti‐HIV activity are all demonstrated by drugs with a pyrimidine ring. The current study focuses on the synthesis of N‐(4‐(substituted‐phenyl)‐6‐(substituted‐aryl) pyrimidin‐2‐yl)‐2‐(2‐isonicotinoylhydrazinyl) acetamide from isonicotinohydrazide. Newly synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral studies (IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and mass spectroscopy). They were screened for their antituberculosis, antimalarial, and antiprotozoal activities and compared with standard drugs. Molecular docking of isonicotinohydrazide‐bearing pyrimidine motifs was also done for some of the active compounds.