bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential synaptic organization of GABAergic bipolar cells and non‐GABAergic (glutamatergic) bipolar cells in the tiger salamander retina
Authors: Yang Chen‐Yu , Zhang Jun , Yazulla Stephen 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe synaptic organizations of γ‐aminobutyric acid–immunoreactive (GABA‐IR, GABAergic) and non–GABA‐IR (non‐IR, glutamatergic) bipolar cells in salamander retina were compared by postembedding immunoelectron microscopy. A total of 238 presynaptic bipolar cell synapses were studied; 61 were GABA‐IR and 177 were non‐IR. Both groups were similar in that (1) they made asymmetrical ribbon synapses as well as asymmetrical non‐ribbon synapses; (2) they made ribbon synapses at dyads, triads, and monads; and (3) the vast majority of ribbon synapses (∼90%) were with dyads. The differences were that synapses of GABA‐IR bipolar cells had a higher proportion of (1) direct contact with ganglion cells, (2) non‐ribbon synapses, (3) output to GABA‐IR amacrine cells, and (4) output in sublamina a. Overall, the output of GABA‐IR ribbons was equally split between amacrine and ganglion cell processes, whereas for non‐IR ribbons, it was approximately 2:1 in favor of amacrine cells. The ribbon:non‐ribbon synapse ratio was approximately 1.2:1 (33:28) for GABA‐IR but approximately 2:1 (118:59) for non‐IR terminals. Thus, GABA‐IR bipolar cells made more direct contacts with ganglion cells and used a higher proportion of non‐ribbon synapses. GABA‐IR dyads were more likely to contact GABA‐IR amacrine profiles (52% vs. 38%). Finally, GABA‐IR ribbon synapses were more common in sublamina a than sublamina b (2:1), whereas non‐IR synapses were equally present in sublaminas a and b. This differential targeting of ganglion cells and amacrine cells in the OFF vs. ON layers indicates a difference in the role of bipolar cells in the generation of receptive field properties, depending on whether or not they use GABA as well as glutamate for their transmitter. J. Comp. Neurol. 455:187–197, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anomalous scaling for three‐dimensional Cahn‐Hilliard fronts
Authors: Korvola Timo , Kupiainen Antti , Taskinen Jari 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe prove the stability of the one‐dimensional kink solution of the Cahn‐Hilliard equation under d‐dimensional perturbations for d ≥ 3. We also establish a novel scaling behavior of the large‐time asymptotics of the solution. The leading asymptotics of the solution is characterized by a length scale proportional to t1/3 instead of the usual t1/2 scaling typical to parabolic problems. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Caloric restriction for longevity: II—The systematic neglect of behavioural and psychological outcomes in animal research
Authors: Vitousek Kelly M. , Manke Frederic P. , Gray Jennifer A. , Vitousek Maren N. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractResearch on caloric restriction for longevity (CRL) has generated hundreds of articles on the physiology of food deprivation, yet almost no data on consequences in other domains. The first paper in this series outlined the generally positive physical effects of CRL; the second analyses the meagre and sometimes disturbing record of research on behaviour, cognition and affect. The available evidence suggests that nutrient‐dense CRL in animals—just like nutrient‐poor semi‐starvation in people—is associated with a number of adverse effects. Changes include abnormal food‐related behaviour, heightened aggression and diminished sexual activity. Studies of learning and memory in underfed rodents yield inconsistent findings; no information is available on cognitive effects in primates. To date, the CRL field has ignored other variables that are crucial to the human case and known to be disrupted by chronic hunger, including sociability, curiosity and emotionality. Promotion of CRL for people is irresponsible in the absence of more reassuring data on the full range of expected outcomes. Eating disorder specialists should be contributing to scientific and public discussions of this increasingly prominent paradigm. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Colocalization of WT1 and cell proliferation reveals conserved mechanisms in temperature‐dependent sex determination
Authors: Schmahl Jennifer , Yao Humphrey H. , Pierucci‐Alves Fernando , Capel Blanche 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSummary: During vertebrate development the gonad has two possible fates, the testis or the ovary. The choice between these fates is made by a variety of sex‐determining mechanisms, from the sex‐determining gene on the Y chromosome (Sry) in mammals, to nongenetic temperature‐dependent systems in many reptiles. Despite the differences in the mechanisms at the top of the sex‐determining cascade, the resulting morphology and many genes involved in early testis and ovarian development are common to most vertebrates, leading to the hypothesis that the underlying processes of sex determination are conserved. In this study, we examined the early steps of gonad development in the red‐eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta), a species that uses the temperature of egg incubation to determine sex. A dramatic increase in cell proliferation was observed in the male gonad during the earliest stages of sex determination. Using the localization of Wilms' Tumor suppressor 1 (WT1), we determined that this proliferation increase occurred in a population that contained pre‐Sertoli cells. The proliferation of pre‐Sertoli cells has been documented during sex determination in both mice and alligators, suggesting that proliferation of this cell type has an important role in vertebrate testis organogenesis and the determination of male fate. genesis 35:193–201, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BMP ligands act redundantly to pattern the dorsal telencephalic midline
Authors: Hébert Jean M. , Hayhurst Monica , Marks Melissa E. , Kulessa Holger , Hogan Brigid L.M. , McConnell Susan K. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe embryonic telencephalon is patterned into several areas that give rise to functionally distinct structures in the adult forebrain. Previous studies have shown that BMP4 and BMP2 can induce features characteristic of the telencephalic midline in cultured explants, suggesting that the normal role of BMP4 in the forebrain is to pattern the medial lateral axis of the telencephalon by promoting midline cell fates. To test this hypothesis directly in vivo, the Bmp4 gene was efficiently disrupted in the telencephalon using a CRE/loxP approach. Analysis of Bmp4‐deficient telencephalons fails to reveal a defect in patterning, cell proliferation, differentiation, or apoptosis. The absence of a phenotype in the Bmp4‐deficient telencephalon along with recent genetic studies establishing a role for a BMP4 receptor, BMPRIA, in telencephalic midline development, demonstrate that loss of Bmp4 function in the telencephalon can be compensated for by at least one other Bmp gene, the identity of which has not yet been determined. genesis 35:214–219, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic screen for small body size mutants in C. elegans reveals many TGFβ pathway components
Authors: Savage‐Dunn Cathy , Maduzia Lisa L. , Zimmerman Cole M. , Roberts Andrew F. , Cohen Stephen , Tokarz Rafal , Padgett Richard W. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, a TGFβ‐related signaling pathway regulates body size and male tail morphogenesis. We sought to identify genes encoding components or modifiers of this pathway in a large‐scale genetic screen. Remarkably, this screen was able to identify essentially all core components of the TGFβ signaling pathway. Among 34 Small mutants, many mutations disrupt genes encoding recognizable components of the TGFβ pathway: DBL‐1 ligand, DAF‐4 type II receptor, SMA‐6 type I receptor, and SMA‐2, SMA‐3, and SMA‐4 Smads. Moreover, we find that at least 11 additional complementation groups can mutate to the Small phenotype. Four of these 11 genes, sma‐9, sma‐14, sma‐16, and sma‐20 affect male tail morphogenesis as well as body size. Two genes, sma‐11 and sma‐20, also influence regulation of the developmentally arrested dauer larval stage, suggesting a role in a second characterized TGFβ pathway in C. elegans. Other genes may represent tissue‐specific factors or parallel pathways for body size control. Because of the conservation of TGFβ signaling pathways, homologs of these genes may be involved in tissue specificity and/or crosstalk of TGFβ pathways in other animals. genesis 35:239–247, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of 5′ nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase by gene disruption in Dictyostelium
Authors: Rutherford Charles L. , Overall Danielle F. , Ubeidat Muatasem , Joyce Bradley R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSummary: In Dictyostelium discoideum a phosphatase with a high pH optimum is known to increase in activity during cell differentiation and become localized to a narrow band of cells at the interface of prespore and prestalk cells. However, it was not clear if this activity is due to a classical “alkaline phosphatase” with broad range substrate specificity or to a “5′nucleotidase” with high substrate preference for 5′AMP. We attempted to disrupt the genes encoding these two phosphatase activities in order to determine if the activity that is localized to the interface region resides in either of these two proteins. During aggregation of 5nt null mutants, multiple tips formed rather than the normal single tip for each aggregate. In situ phosphatase activity assays showed that the wt and the 5nt gene disruption clones had normal phosphatase activity in the area between prestalk and prespore cell types, while the alp null mutants did not have activity in this cellular region. Thus, the phosphatase activity that becomes localized to the interface of the prestalk and prespore cells is alkaline phosphatase. genesis 35:202–213, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tissue‐specific developmental requirements of Drosophila tyrosine hydroxylase isoforms
Authors: Friggi‐Grelin Florence , Iché Magali , Birman Serge 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSummary: Drosophila tyrosine hydroxylase (DTH) is a key enzyme in dopamine (DA) biosynthesis, which is expressed in neural and hypodermal DA‐synthesizing cells. We previously reported that two DTH isoforms are produced in flies through tissue‐specific alternative splicing that show distinct regulatory properties. We have now selectively expressed each DTH isoform in vivo in a pale (ple, i.e., DTH‐deficient) mutant background. We show that the embryonic lethality of ple can be rescued by expression of the hypodermal, but not the neural, DTH isoform in all DA cells, indicating that the hypoderm‐ isoform is absolutely required for cuticle biosynthesis and survival in Drosophila. In addition, we report new observations on the consequences of DTH overexpression in the CNS and hypoderm. Our results provide evidence that tissue‐specific alternative splicing of the DTH gene is a vital process in Drosophila development. genesis 35:260–269, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The psychosocial aspects of donating blood stem cells: The sibling donor perspective
Authors: Williams Susan , Green Rachel , Morrison Anne , Watson Douglas , Buchanan Sister Susan 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe collection of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) by apheresis has become common in related allogeneic donors. However, the acceptability of the procedure to donors has not been documented. The purpose of this baseline case series study was to evaluate the psycho‐social dimensions of apheresis from the perspective of healthy sibling donors and to explore issues surrounding fully informed consent including voluntary donation. At the first interview to discuss donation, 17 consecutive human leucocyte antigens (HLA) identical sibling donors who chose to donate PBPC were recruited to the study. They then completed both scales of the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory. The state scale was completed again immediately before first apheresis. At the end of the final apheresis, the donors were interviewed again by an independent researcher using a standardised questionnaire. All aspects of the procedure were well tolerated, including levels of anxiety and pain. Donors donated even if the relationship with their sibling was poor. However, some areas for improvement were highlighted. Eight (47%) donors were asked to donate by their sibling or another close relative, and this gave them no real volunteer status. Written information was judged important by 11 (65%) donors, but the material used was limited. The possibility of a poor outcome for the recipient was not well understood. The content of the written documentation and the management of confidentiality in terms of donor volunteer status needed to be addressed. A further study regarding the follow‐up needs of donors, including those where the outcome is poor, is underway. J. Clin. Apheresis 18:1–9, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modification of the leukapheresis procedure for use in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulata)
Authors: Ageyama Naohide , Kimikawa Masaaki , Eguchi Kei , Ono Fumiko , Shibata Hiroaki , Yoshikawa Yasuhiro , Terao Keiji 
Published: October 2004

AbstractOne of the most serious problems in applying leukapheresis to human infants is the large extracorporeal blood volume (ECV), resulting in substantial loss of platelets and red blood cells (RBCs). In this study, we developed a safe and effective modified procedure to collect peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) from rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulata) using a Baxter CS3000+ Blood Cell Separator (Baxter, Deerfield, IL) with several devices that reduced chamber size and shortened the standard apheresis kit to decrease ECV from 130 to 70 ml. Pump speed was controlled by monitoring hematocrit values and platelet counts during leukapheresis. This system makes it possible to perform safe and effective leukapheresis in rhesus monkeys whose body weight is similar to that of human infants. A total of 12 leukapheresis procedures were performed in nine monkeys and resulted in the collection of sufficient numbers of white blood cells (mean, 1.38 × 109 cells/kg), CD34+ cells (mean, 17.80 × 106 cells/kg), mononuclear cells (mean, 3.67 × 108 cells/kg), and colony forming units (mean, 75.02 × 106 cells/kg) in all cases. In addition, no complications, such as anemia or trombocytopenia, occurred after leukapheresis. This modified leukapheresis procedure will be useful to test new approaches in gene therapy, perform organ transplantation using nonhuman primates, and collect PBSCs from human infants in a noninvasive manner. Our nonhuman primate model provides an important framework for such future clinical studies. J. Clin. Apheresis 18:26–31, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A support group for patients who have recovered from thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura‐hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP‐HUS): The six‐year experience of the Oklahoma TTP‐HUS Study Group
Authors: Howard Mark A. , Duvall Deanna , Terrell Deirdra R. , Christopher Anne T. , Thomas Ira , Holloway Natalie , Vesely Sara K. , George James N. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA support group for patients who have recovered from thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura‐hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP‐HUS), named The Oklahoma TTP‐HUS Study Group, has been a successful program for 6 years. This group has met 3 times each year with an average attendance of 16 former patients; in addition, an average of 14 family members and friends have attended each meeting. Eighty‐four percent of patients who attended a meeting were women as compared to 68% women among those who did not attend (P = 0.016). Twenty‐three percent of patients who attended a meeting have relapsed as compared to 8% among those who did not attend (P = 0.006). There was also a difference in the rates of attendance among the different clinical categories of patients (P < 0.001). A survey of former patients, as well as their families and friends, documented that interest in learning more about TTP‐HUS and talking with other people who have had TTP‐HUS were principal motivations for attending the meetings. The meetings of The Oklahoma TTP‐HUS Study Group have been successful not only for support of former patients but also for research. Long‐term patient follow‐up has been facilitated and the group discussions have revealed previously unreported persistent problems with cognitive ability and endurance. A survey of member centers of the American Association of Blood Banks and America's Blood Centers revealed no similar programs for patients who have recovered from TTP‐HUS. The absence of a support group for TTP‐HUS in the national survey contrasts to the 274 patient support groups and related wellness/education classes, including some for rare disorders, currently active in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. The experience of The Oklahoma TTP‐HUS Study Group suggests that it serves a previously unmet need. J. Clin. Apheresis 18:16–20, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of Staphylococcus aureus in peripheral blood stem cell cultures after sterilization of standard blood cultures
Authors: Schwaber Mitchell J. , Krasner Carolyn N. , Gold Howard S. , Venkataraman Lata , Avigan David E. , Karchmer Adolf W. , Uhl Lynne 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe report central venous catheter (CVC)‐associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia detected by apheresis product culture after sterilization of standard blood cultures. A 64‐year‐old man with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma underwent peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection. Five days after placement of a CVC, inflammation was evident at the insertion site. The CVC was removed and cephalexin was begun. Discharge at the site contained neutrophils and gram‐positive cocci in pairs and clusters. Cultures of the discharge, of blood drawn via the CVC, of the CVC tip and of the apheresis product collected that day grew methicillin‐susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). Cephalexin was discontinued in favor of oxacillin. Three days after removal of the CVC, PBSC collections were resumed via a contralateral CVC. Three sets of standard blood cultures drawn the day the new CVC was placed and the following day were negative, yet apheresis product cultures from each of these days grew MSSA. PBSC collections were halted, the CVC was removed, and oxacillin was continued via a peripherally inserted central catheter. Transesophageal echocardiography after two weeks of therapy revealed thickened mitral leaflets and damage to the posterior leaflet. Transthoracic echocardiography 11 weeks preceding this study had demonstrated normal mitral valve anatomy and function. Oxacillin was continued for six weeks, after which PBSC collections were resumed. Pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis of the MSSA isolates revealed a clonal pattern. Cultures of apheresis product may be more sensitive to the presence of bacteremia than standard blood cultures, and they should guide clinical decisions when the bacteria isolated are potential pathogens or suggest clinical infection. J. Clin. Apheresis 18:37–39, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plasmapheresis for severe lipemia: Comparison of serum‐lipid clearance rates for the plasma‐exchange and double‐filtration variants
Authors: Yeh Jiann‐Horng , Lee May‐Fen , Chiu Hou‐Chang 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPatients with extremely high triglyceride levels and associated lipemia are at high risk for acute pancreatitis. To evaluate plasmapheresis efficacy for severe hypertriglyceridemia, 18 patients who had not responded to previous therapies were selected for either the plasma‐exchange (PE) or double‐filtration (DF) treatment variants. After treatment, the mean serum concentrations for triglyceride and cholesterol fell significantly from 1,977.1 and 436.7 mg/dl to 692.6 and 222 mg/dl, respectively. The cholesterol‐removal rate was significantly higher for the PE group (P = 0.0082), which also had a lower incidence of hemolysis during the plasmapheresis treatment (P = 0.0430). Improved clearance of serum triglyceride was strongly associated with a lower level of maximal transmembrane pressure (TMP; P = 0.0030), reduced plasmapheresis duration (P = 0.0035), and higher rates of plasma (P = 0.0255) and blood flow (P = 0.0480) during plasmapheresis. In comparison to reports in the literature, the removal rates for serum lipids were lower in our study, possibly as a consequence of early saturation of the plasma separator resulting from blockage caused by the extremely high level of triglyceride‐containing lipoproteins. Therefore, PE may be more suitable for the initial treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia as saturation is prevented. Increasing blood and plasma flow rates, reduction of the TMP level, and reducing effective plasmapheresis duration will improve the clearance of serum lipids during treatment. J. Clin. Apheresis 18:32–36, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quality of packed red blood cells and platelet concentrates collected by multicomponent collection using the MCS plus device
Authors: Leitner G.C. , Jilma‐Stohlawetz P. , Stiegler G. , Weigel G. , Horvath M. , Tanzmann A. , Höcker P. , Fischer M.B. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe demand for blood components is constantly increasing, while the exclusion criteria for donors are strengthened in order to reach maximal safety for donors and patients. To counterbalance reduced availability of volunteers, multicomponent collections (MCC) is an attractive approach to produce more than one component during a single apheresis procedure from one donor, such as packed red blood cells (PRBCs) and platelet concentrates (PCs). Further, the exposures of patients to a limited number of donors reduces the possibility of alloimmunization and transfusion‐related diseases. We measured the quality of PRBCs and PCs obtained by MCC, using the MCS+ device with the LDPRBC program, Revision B, and compared them with the quality of manually collected PRBCs and PCs collected with the Revision C2 of the MCS+. We found higher pH levels and lower hemolysis assessed by means of fHb and K+ in the supernatant of PRBCs over the whole storage period of 42 days in MCC‐derived PRBCs. The functional metabolism assessed by intracellular ATP was higher in PRBCs collected by MCC than in manually collected units. Furthermore, PCs obtained during MCC showed an increase in p‐selectin expression on day 5 of storage compared to PCs collected with the Revision C2 of the MCS+. The p‐selectin expression on MCC platelets was within the range of p‐selectin expression found in PCs obtained by other apheresis devices. These results indicate less storage lesion in MCC‐derived PRBCs compared to manually collected units and no compromise in the quality of MCC PCs obtained in the same apheresis procedure. J. Clin. Apheresis 18:21–25, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.