bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of hare bone for the manufacture of a Clovis bead
Authors: Surovell Todd A. , Litynski McKenna L. , Allaun Sarah A. , Buckley Michael , Schoborg Todd A. , Govaerts Jack A. , O’Brien Matthew J. , Pelton Spencer R. , Sanders Paul H. , Mackie Madeline E. , Kelly Robert L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA tubular bone bead dating to ~ 12,940 BP was recovered from a hearth-centered activity area at the La Prele Mammoth site in Converse County, Wyoming, USA. This is the oldest known bead from the Western Hemisphere. To determine the taxonomic origin of the bead, we extracted collagen for zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry (ZooMS). We also used micro-CT scanning for morphological analysis to determine likely skeletal elements used for its production. We conclude that the bead was made from a metapodial or proximal phalanx of a hare (Lepus sp.). This find represents the first secure evidence for the use of hares during the Clovis period. While the use of hare bone for the manufacture of beads was a common practice in western North America during the Holocene, its origins can now be traced back to at least the terminal Pleistocene.
TAFRO syndrome is associated with anti-SSA/Ro60 antibodies, in contrast to idiopathic castleman disease
Authors: Shirakashi Mirei , Nishida Yuri , Nakashima Ran , Fujimoto Masakazu , Hiwa Ryosuke , Tsuji Hideaki , Kitagori Koji , Akizuki Shuji , Morinobu Akio , Yoshifuji Hajime 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTAFRO syndrome is an acute systemic inflammatory disease characterized by thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis/renal dysfunction, and organomegaly. There have been increasing reports that TAFRO is a disease distinct from idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease and that TAFRO patients may be positive for anti-SSA antibodies. To assess anti-SSA antibody positivity and the clinical characteristics of the two diseases, we retrospectively compared 7 TAFRO and 10 iMCD patients in our hospital. The mean age of onset of TAFRO and iMCD was 48.0 (interquartile range [IQR], 41–53) and 45.0 (IQR, 35–53) years, respectively. The TAFRO and iMCD groups had 6 (86%) and 4 (40%) male patients, respectively, and the following pretreatment laboratory values: platelet count, 3.8 (IQR, 2.2–6.4) and 35.5 (IQR, 22.2–42.8) × 104/μL, respectively; C-reactive protein, 10.2 (IQR, 6.8–21.4) and 9.5 (IQR, 6.2–13.6) mg/dL, respectively; IgG, 1431 (IQR, 1112–1815) and 4725 (IQR, 3755–5121) mg/dL, respectively. RNA immunoprecipitation (5 cases for anti-SSA) or protein array (5 cases for anti-SSA/Ro60) detected anti-SSA antibodies in six (86%) TAFRO patients but not in iMCD patients; it did not detect anti-SSB antibodies in any of the patients. None of the patients were diagnosed with Sjögren syndrome. All iMCD patients treated with tocilizumab (TCZ) responded well. Meanwhile, two of six TAFRO patients treated with TCZ showed inadequate responses; thus, both patients were switched to rituximab, following which they achieved remission. TAFRO and iMCD have different clinical features. TAFRO may be categorized as a severe phenotype of the anti-SSA antibody syndrome.
Factors promoting research activities among Japanese pharmacists: a questionnaire survey
Authors: Takigawa Masaki , Kondo Yuki , Kobayashi Yutaka , Iihoshi Akane , Kinoshita Masako , Ishitsuka Yoichi , Masuda Masayuki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPharmacists are expected to demonstrate their expertise in clinical practice and conduct research activities to generate new evidence. However, the factors promoting research activities among pharmacists remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the research activities of Japanese pharmacists through a questionnaire survey and examined the factors contributing to the promotion of research activities. A web-based questionnaire using Google Forms was disseminated across pharmacists working in community pharmacies, drugstores, hospitals, and clinics. The questionnaire included respondents’ backgrounds, research activities, and research environments. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the factors promoting pharmacists’ research activities, with experience in research paper acceptance as the objective variable. In total, 401 responses were included in the analysis. Of the respondents, 54.1% were hospital pharmacists, and 77.1% were pharmacists with > 5 years of pharmacist experience. Furthermore, 50.4% of the pharmacists had presented at conferences, and 22.2% had experience in research paper acceptance. The influential factors were “master’s degree or higher,” “number of affiliated academic societies,” “acquisition of specialists/certified pharmacists,” and “daily availability of a consultant for writing research papers.” This study revealed the factors contributing to the promotion of research activities among pharmacists. We believe that our findings will help promote research among pharmacists.
Addressing knowledge gaps in allergies among Syrian hospital patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ataya Jamal , Ismail Abdullah , Soqia Jameel , Kousa Alyamama , Shahoud Zein , Alhalabi Rawan , Zaitouna Mazen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAllergies have a significant impact on health and quality of life worldwide, yet there is limited research on the awareness and knowledge of allergies. This study aimed to explore the level of awareness and knowledge of allergies among visitors in Syrian hospitals. A cross-sectional study was conducted between May and September 2022, and a standardized international questionnaire was administered to 504 visitors in three hospitals in Syria. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) version 23. The final sample comprised 504 questionnaires with 61.7% of participants achieving an average score. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in knowledge of allergy scores between the group with only elementary education (M = 3.76, SD = 1.67, p = 0.011), the group with no education (M = 3.65, SD = 1.65, p = 0.006), and the group with a university education (M = 4.44, SD = 1.25). Notably, no significant differences were found between the other educational groups. A one-way ANOVA was employed to assess the effect of place of living on knowledge of allergy, but no significant differences were observed between the groups (p = 0.462). Lastly, a significant negative correlation was detected between participant age and knowledge of allergy scores (r(502) = − 0.102, p = 0.022). Allergies represent a substantial global health concern that demands attention from healthcare providers, policymakers, and the public. This study emphasizes the importance of investing in health education and awareness campaigns to enhance knowledge and comprehension of allergies, particularly individuals with lower levels of education levels. By equipping individuals with the requisite information to effectively manage their allergies, their overall health and wellbeing can be improved.
Exploration of underlap induced high-k spacer with gate stack on strain channel cylindrical nanowire FET for enriched performance
Authors: Barik Rasmita , Dhar Rudra Sankar , Hussein Mousa I. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis research explores a comprehensive examination of gate underlap incorporated strained channel Cylindrical Gate All Around Nanowire FET having enriched performances above the requirement of the 2 nm technology node of IRDS 2025. The device installs a combination of strain engineering based quantum well barrier system in the channel region with high-k spacers sandwiching the device underlaps and stack high-k gate-oxide. The underlaps are prone to parasitic resistance and various short channel effects (SCEs) hence, are sandwiched by HfO2 based high-k. This SCE degradations and a strong electric field in the drain-channel region is rendered controlling the leakages. The strain based Nanosystem engineering is incorporated with Type-II heterostructure band alignment inducing quantum well barrier mechanism in the ultra-thin cylindrical channel region creating an electrostatic charge centroid leading to energy band bending and splitting among the two-fold and four-fold valleys of the strained Silicon layer. This provides stupendous electron mobility instigating high current density and electron velocity in the channel. Thereby, the device is susceptible to on-current enhancement via ballistic transport of carriers and carrier confinement via succumbing of quantum charge carriers. The device transconductance, Ion, Ioff, Ion/Ioff ratio are measured and the output performance (ID-VDS) characteristics is determined providing emphatic enrichments in contrast to the existing gate all-around FETs as well as the 2 nm technology node data of IRDS 2025. Hence, the strained channel Nanowire FET device developed here is presented here as the device of the future for various digital applications, RF applications and faster switching speed.
Urban irrigation reduces moist heat stress in Beijing, China
Authors: Sun Shuai , Zhang Qiang , Shi Chunxiang , Singh Vijay P. , Zhang Tao , Gu Junxia , Wang Gang , Wu Wenhuan , Chen Donghui , Wu Jianmei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough urban irrigation can modulate local hydrothermal conditions and mitigate urban heat island effects, its impact on moist heat stress (MHS) is poorly understood. Employing the Weather Research and Forecasting Single-Layer Urban Canopy Model (WRF-SLUCM), we evaluated the effect of urban irrigation on the MHS in Beijing, China, and found that the updated initial soil moisture (SM) field improved the simulation of temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. Besides, urban irrigation reduced urban and rural MHS, and particularly reduced afternoon and evening MHS by up to 1.2 °C but increased morning MHS by up to 0.4 °C. In addition, the effect of different irrigation times on MHS showed that irrigation at 02 and 20 h increased urban and rural MHS, with the best cooling effect at 00 and 13 h, which reduced the MHS by up to 2.65 °C in urban areas and 0.71 °C in rural areas. The findings highlighted mechanistically the effect of urban irrigation on MHS and shed light on how to mitigate urban heat island effects on urban sustainable development.
TMEM16A in smooth muscle cells acts as a pacemaker channel in the internal anal sphincter
Authors: Lu Ping , Lifshitz Lawrence M. , Bellve Karl , ZhuGe Ronghua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMaintenance of fecal continence requires a continuous or basal tone of the internal anal sphincter (IAS). Paradoxically, the basal tone results largely from high-frequency rhythmic contractions of the IAS smooth muscle. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that initiate these contractions remain elusive. Here we show that the IAS contains multiple pacemakers. These pacemakers spontaneously generate propagating calcium waves that drive rhythmic contractions and establish the basal tone. These waves are myogenic and act independently of nerve, paracrine or autocrine signals. Using cell-specific gene knockout mice, we further found that TMEM16A Cl− channels in smooth muscle cells (but not in the interstitial cells of Cajal) are indispensable for pacemaking, rhythmic contractions, and basal tone. Our results identify TMEM16A in smooth muscle cells as a critical pacemaker channel that enables the IAS to contract rhythmically and continuously. This study provides cellular and molecular insights into fecal continence.
Magnetic, transport and topological properties of Co-based shandite thin films
Authors: Nakazawa Kazuki , Kato Yasuyuki , Motome Yukitoshi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe kagome ferromagnet, Co-based shandite Co3Sn2S2, shows a large anomalous Hall effect (AHE) associated with the Weyl nodes. A thin film with a Co kagome monolayer was predicted to exhibit the quantum AHE, which awaits the experimental realisation. However, it is challenging to precisely predict how the Weyl nodes reside in thin films where the lattice and electronic structures are in general different from the bulk. Here we report comprehensive ab initio results for thin films of Co3Sn2S2 with one, two and three Co layers with Sn or S surface terminations. We find that all the Sn-end films stabilise a ferromagnetic state similar to the bulk, and retain the large AHE down to the monolayer limit where the AHE is quantised, while the magnetic and topological properties drastically change with the number of Co layers in the S-end films. Our results would stimulate further experimental exploration of thin Weyl materials.
Effect of perceived crowding on risk perception in leisure sports: an analysis based on Edward T Hall’s concept of ‘proxemics’
Authors: Kim Young-Jae , Kang Seung-Woo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the social distancing measures necessary for participants to safely engage in leisure sports activities and comply with social distancing requirements during epidemics. Based on crowding and risk perception in public spaces in this context of an epidemic, this investigation was conducted in terms of distance in Edward T. Hall’s concept of ‘proxemics’. The participants were males aged 20–65 who used spaces for leisure sports during COVID-19 in South Korea. An online survey was conducted from September 20 to October 20, 2021, and data from 391 participants were used for the final analysis. Measures of perceived crowding, risk perception, and Hall’s proxemics were used as tools after they were modified and validated. The results show that perceived crowding according to space for leisure sports activities during COVID-19 affected individual risk perception in indoor leisure sports and social risk perception in outdoor leisure activities. Perceived crowding, according to proxemics, influenced (1) personal, social, and public distances in individual risk perception and (2) public and social distances in social risk perception. Therefore, it is necessary to re-examine the scope of social distance in developing risk perception and reducing the perceived crowding of participants in leisure sports to prevent the spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Moreover, individuals must make efforts to maintain a minimum distance from one another. Further, media education and warning messages must be disseminated to reduce crowding and prevent infection spread.
Comparison and positioning of NGOs aimed at children from the perspective of social marketing on Twitter
Authors: Galiano-Coronil Araceli , Alcedo-Velázquez Marina Yong , Blanco-Moreno Sofía , Tobar Pesántez Luis Bayardo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in disseminating and protecting children’s rights is fundamental by increasing society’s knowledge about the reality that children face, thus mobilizing citizen attention. In this paper, we present an original study on social media data, specifically Twitter, to analyze childhood NGOs, evaluating the success of their content (through the likes obtained by publications) from the perspective of social marketing and prospective theory. In addition, it examines the positioning of organizations concerning the types of messages identified. The methodological approach is based on data mining, content analysis, and simple correspondence analysis through which the typology of the messages and positioning map are determined. The results suggest that these organizations generate predictable communication by publishing on specific topics and only increasing the number of tweets in emergencies when they are requiring urgent help. Some tweets show an immediate risk to which children are exposed if they do not receive help, which aligns with one of the premises of the Prospect Theory. Furthermore, a more significant number of posts does not necessarily imply a greater number of likes. Three types of messages have been determined: informative tweets that point out risks (type 1), impartial dialogue tweets (type 2), and action tweets that highlight benefits (type 3), confirmed through the Kruskal-Wallis test to have a relationship with impact. The positioning map shows that type 3 messages, which World Vision Spain opts for, are the most popular, followed by type 1, which Educo leans towards. Finally, there are those of type 2, with which UNICEF Spain is associated. The main implication is that our analysis validates the use of social media such as Twitter to analyze NGOs and proposes these social media platforms to be an important tool in mobilizing the community. In addition, this study offers parameters when constructing the messages for use in social marketing campaigns according to decisions that involve risk or certainty.
Stabilized Brillouin laser with sub-Hz fundamental linewidth aided by frequency shifted optical injection locking
Authors: Chen Mingzhao , Xu Yin , Zhang Zhexin , Luo Xiaojie , Bao Hualong 
Published: February 2024

Stable laser emission with ultra-narrow linewidth plays an important role in making fundamental scientific breakthroughs. Here, we propose and demonstrate a new technique for the generation of an ultra-narrow linewidth and highly stable laser based on stimulated Brillouin scattering in combination with a frequency-shifted optical injection locking mechanism. The laser performance is characterized via a delayed self-heterodyne interference system, where the white frequency noise floor is ∼20 mHz2/Hz, corresponding to a fundamental linewidth of about 63 mHz. The maximum deviation in the output power is less than 1.5% over more than 10 min. The operation of the laser can be stabilized without the need for active optoelectronic feedback. The scheme presented in this work enables narrow linewidth and stable single-frequency fiber lasers in a robust and efficient way, which has shown promising potential for many applications.
Children and extensive reading motivation
Authors: Ito Lesley 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Extensive reading (ER), which refers to reading a lot of often self-selected material for information, overall meaning, pleasure, and enjoyment, has been growing in popularity in Asia as an effective way for English as a foreign language (EFL) students to improve reading skills and has provided opportunities for comprehensible input (Nation & Waring, 2013). The focus of this action research (AR) project is on young EFL learners in a private language school setting without a grading system. Therefore, it is important that students be intrinsically motivated to read for the school’s ER program to be successful, specifically, the motivation to check out and read books from a school library. Furthermore, this AR project sought to find whether certain methods can increase students’ intrinsic motivation to read. The research methods include questionnaires, student voice recordings, and empirical data on book-borrowing behaviors. The findings show that indirect, rather than direct, teacher recommendation of books seems to be the most effective method to increase intrinsic motivation to do ER.
Social stratification in science: the ultra-elite in the UK
Authors: Bukodi Erzsébet , Goldthorpe John H. , Steinberg Inga 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
We start out from Harriet Zuckerman’s study of the US scientific ultra-elite of Nobel laureates, in which Robert Merton's idea of ‘Matthew effects’ as a key mechanism in the creation of social inequalities was first introduced. We then consider two issues arising from critical commentary on this study by Elisabeth Crawford, a historian of science. First, how far can a scientific ultra-elite be shown to exist as a collectivity that is socially distinctive? Second, how far is Zuckerman’s account of the formation of the US ultra-elite trough ‘bilateral associative selection’ between scientific masters and their would-be apprentices historically specific to the US? In the UK case, we compare the social origins and educational careers of members of two possible scientific ultra-elites, defined by differing degrees of stringency, with those of other elite scientists. We find that as one moves from the elite to the less stringently defined ultra-elite, there is little evidence of increasing social stratification but that such evidence does emerge in moving to the more stringently defined ultra-elite. We also show through two contrasting Cambridge case studies, that the underlying social processes that Zuckerman identifies in ultra-elite formation in the US are also present in these UK contexts.
Scalar fields with derivative coupling to curvature in the Palatini and the metric formulation
Authors: Nezhad Hamed Bouzari , Räsänen Syksy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We study models where a scalar field has derivative and non-derivative couplings to the
Ricci tensor and the co-Ricci tensor with a view to inflation. We consider both the metric
formulation and the Palatini formulation. In the Palatini case, the couplings to the Ricci tensor
and the Ricci scalar give the same result regardless of whether the connection is unconstrained or
the non-metricity or the torsion is assumed to vanish. When the co-Ricci tensor is included, the
unconstrained case and the zero torsion case are physically different. We reduce all the actions
to the Einstein frame with minimally coupled matter, and find the leading order differences
between the metric case and the Palatini cases.
The correlations between galaxy properties in different environments of the cosmic web
Authors: Nandi Anindita , Pandey Biswajit , Sarkar Prakash 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We study the correlations between (u-r)
colour, stellar mass, specific star formation rate (sSFR) and
metallicity of galaxies in different geometric environments of the
cosmic web using a volume limited sample from the SDSS. The
geometric environment at the location of each galaxy is determined
using the eigenvalues of the tidal tensor in three dimensions. We
use the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and the normalized
mutual information (NMI) to quantify the correlations between
these galaxy properties in sheets, filaments and clusters after
matching the stellar mass distributions of the galaxies in these
environments. A two-tailed t-test assesses the statistical
significance of the observed differences between these relations
in different geometric environments. The null hypothesis can be
rejected at >99.99% significance level in most of the cases,
suggesting that the scaling relations between the observable
galaxy properties are susceptible to the geometric environments of
the cosmic web.
Investigation of proton structure function
F2p
at HERA in light of an analytical solution to the Balitsky–Kovchegov equation
Authors: Saikia Ranjan , Phukan Pragyan , Kumar Sarma Jayanta 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the proton structure function

F

2

p

(
x
,

Q

2

)

at small-x is investigated using an analytical solution to the Balitsky–Kovchegov (BK) equation. In the context of the color dipole description of deep inelastic scattering (DIS), the structure function

F

2

p

(
x
,

Q

2

)

is computed by applying the analytical expression for the scattering amplitude N(k, Y) derived from the BK solution. At transverse momentum k and total rapidity Y, the scattering amplitude N(k, Y) represents the propagation of the quark-antiquark dipole in the color dipole description of DIS. Using the BK solution we extracted the integrated gluon density xg(x, Q
2) and then compared our theoretical estimation with the LHAPDF global data fits, NNPDF3.1sx and CT18. Finally, we have investigated the behavior of

F

2

p

(
x
,

Q

2

)

in the kinematic region of 10−5 ≤ x ≤ 10−2 and 2.5 GeV2 ≤ Q
2 ≤ 60 GeV2. Our predicted results for

F

2

p

(
x
,

Q

2

)

within the specified kinematic region are in good agreement with the recent high-precision data for

F

2

p

(
x
,

Q

2

)

from HERA (H1 Collaboration) and the LHAPDF global parametrization group NNPDF3.1sx.