bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality from Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer in Australia from 1971 to 2021
Authors: Czarnecki D 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The number of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) removed from Australians is increasing every year. The number of deaths from NMSC is increasing but so is the population. However, the population has greatly changed with many people at low risk for skin cancer migrating to Australia. The death rate from NMSC for the entire population and susceptible populations since 1971 is examined in this article.
Materials and methods
Data on the Australian population was obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). Every five years a census is held in Australia and detailed information of the population is provided. The ABS also provided yearly data on the causes of death in Australia.
Results
The total population increased from 12,755,638 in 1971 to 25,738,140 in 2021. However, the susceptible population increased by far less, from 12,493,780 to 19,773,783. The number of deaths from NMSC increased from 143 to 765. The crude death rate for the susceptible population increased for 1.1 per 100,000 to 3.9 per 100,000. The crude death rate in the susceptible population aged 65 or more increased from 9.4 to 18.2 per 100,000.
Conclusion
Deaths from NMSC are increasing despite public health campaigns to prevent skin cancer. On current trends, NMSC will cause more deaths than melanoma in Australia.
Indole-Based Metal Complexes and Their Medicinal Applications
Authors: Kazemi Zahra , Rudbari Hadi Amiri , Moini Nakisa , Momenbeik Fariborz , Carnamucio Federica , Micale Nicola 
Published: December 2023

The indole nucleus is an important element of many natural and synthetic molecules with significant biological activity. Nonetheless, the co-presence of transitional metals in organic scaffold may represent an important factor in the development of effective medicinal agents. This review covers some of the relevant and recent achievements in the biological, chemical and pharmacological activity of important indole-based metal complexes in the area of drug discovery.
Excellent Response after Radioiodine Therapy of a Bone Metastasis of Skull from Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma, Fifteen Years after the First Treatment
Authors: Carbone Antonella , Cito Domenico Savio , Corazza Claudia , Bruno Rocco 
Published: December 2023

Bone is the second most frequent site of metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Bone metastases (BM) occurs in about 10% of all patients with DTC. They are more frequently observed in follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) (7-28%), than in thyroid papillary carcinoma (PTC) (1-7%) [1,2] and are associated to unfavorable clinical out-comes, mainly related to skeletal related events (SREs), such as pathologic fractures, bone pain, spinal cord compressions and hypercalcemia, which impair the quality of life and reduce life expectancy.
BM from DTC require multimodal and comprehensive treatment, including radioiodine therapy (RAI), palliative treatment, surgical treatment, external beam radiation and target drug therapy.
RAI is the first line treatment, but about two thirds of DTC patients with distant metastases are not definitively cured. This treatment is considered less effective in BM particularly in case of large metastases. The different response to RAI treatment alone or associated to BM focal treatment depends to RAI avidity of lesions [3].
We report the rare case of an excellent response to RAI of a metachronous bone metastasis of skull from FTC, in a 72 yrs old woman, diagnosed 15 years after the first treatment, followed by a complete regression of radioiodine up-taking area with persistence of excellent response to the treatment six years after it.
This case confirms that the complete BM response to RAI treatment depends to the degree of dedifferentiation of cancers cells and enforce the concept of a long- life follow-up of FTC patients.
New Approach to Encapsulation for Controlled Release of Chemical Additives
Authors: Contreras Elizabeth Q. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A new approach for the synthesis of bio-inspired polymer microcapsules used to encapsulate chemical additives and designed for small molecule release and delivery is shown here. The flexibility to design different microcapsules using an emulsion template results in various encapsulated additives for a new polymer technology platform. The base materials for encapsulation are polyaramids that are highly crosslinked membrane shells around an empty core. These empty capsules provide a carefully designed space to site-isolate chemical additives, various encapsulants for encapsulation, and delivery where needed. These microcapsules have demonstrated that after being formed from a simple one-pot synthesis between two immiscible solutions, a new method for encapsulation for applications in ordinary Portland cement is possible. The final product is a free-flowing solid that can be easily added to any fluid application. Experimental results show that when added to a basic cement slurry design, cement responds to the release of a salt accelerant as measured using standard oilfield equipment, like the pressurized consistometer, which measures changes in viscosity and thickening times. In one of many applications, the consistency of cement remains favorable at 20 Bc after adding encapsulated calcium chloride for up to 5 hours, for example. Over time, various capsules caused cement slurries to set at right angles at various thickening times with the controlled release of encapsulated calcium chloride. This new approach for encapsulation is promising for the chemical and energy field.
Changes in root architecture and endogenous hormone levels in alfalfa under phosphorus stress
Authors: xia jing , wang kun , Nan Lili 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

To explain changes in plant growth, root architecture, and endogenous hormones of different root-type alfalfa to P stress (non-stressed control, 1.00 mmol·L− 1 KH2PO4, versus P stress treatment, 0.01 mmol·L− 1 KH2PO4), we used sand culture to study the performance of rhizomatous rooted Medicago sativa ‘Qingshui’ (QS), tap rooted M. sativa ‘Longdong’ (LD), and creeping rooted M. varia ‘Gongnong No. 4’ (GN) with contrasting degrees of P tolerance. After 34 days of P stress treatment, values for ground biomass, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, specific root length, specific surface area, zeatin (ZT) level, and P content in leaves, roots, and stems were decreased in response to stress treatment while root biomass, root/shoot ratio, total root length, taproot length, numbers of root tip and lateral root, root intersection angle, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellin (GA3) concentrations were increased when compared with their respective controls in the year and next year, respectively. Topological index and fractal dimension were small, while the fractal abundance and the average link length were large. The root branching patterns were dichotomous branching. Under low-P stress, the amplitude of this response of ground biomass, root biomass, plant height, leaf length, leaf area, root/shoot ratio, total root length, number of root tip, root angle, specific surface area, and fractal dimension in GN of the year and next year was much smaller than those in LD and QS. From the point of view, GN was more tolerant than LD and QS under P condition.
Anti-obesity Effect of Catechin Added Functional Kimchi and its Metabolites
Authors: Hong Geun-Hye , Lee So-Young , Park Kun-Young 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The antiobesity effects of catechin functional kimchi (CFK) were studied in C57BL/6 mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. We prepared four types of kimchi: commercial kimchi (CK), standard kimchi (SK), green tea functional kimchi (GFK), and CFK. CFK decreased the adipo/lipogenesis-related genes of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα). peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) in the liver and epididymal fat tissues (p < 0.05). On the other hand, CFK showed the highest lipolysis-related gene expression of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and β-oxidation related gene expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1). CFK produced the lowest inflammation-related gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) among all groups in the epididymal fat tissues (p < 0.05). In addition, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS showed that CFK is composed mainly of 39 active compounds, e.g., epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), catechins, apigenin, myricetin, kaempferitin, rutin, quercetin, and other substances with anti-inflammatory, blood cholesterol reduction, blood sugar reduction, body fat reduction, antioxidant, and anticancer functions. Thus, CFK exhibited an antiobesity effect through its modulation of lipid metabolism and active compounds.
Trends in ocular injuries among major trauma patients in England and Wales from 2004 to 2021
Authors: Bashir Mohammed , Bouamra Omar , Kirwan James , Lecky Fiona , Bourne Rupert 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Ocular trauma is a major cause of vision loss and injuries are often missed in multiply injured patients. Major trauma demographics in the UK have changed but no contemporary studies report ocular injuries in this cohort. We aimed to investigate ocular injury epidemiology and trends amongst major trauma patients in England and Wales from 2004–2021.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN) registry data was conducted. Major trauma was defined as injury severity score > 15, and ocular injuries were identified using AIS codes. Demographics, injury profiles, and outcomes were extracted. Descriptive statistics and 3-yearly trend data are reported.
Results
Of 287 267 major trauma cases, 2368 (0.8%) had ocular injuries, decreasing significantly from 1.87% (2004/06) to 0.66% (2019/21) (P < 0.0001). Males comprised 72.2% and median age was 34.5 years which increased (p < 0.0001). Road traffic collisions declined from 43.1–25.3% of ocular injury cases while falls increased and became the predominant mechanism (37.6% in 2019/21). Nonaccidental injuries increased from 15% (2004/06) to 26.5% (2016/18) (p < 0.0001). Concomitant head injury was present in 86.6% of cases. Ophthalmic procedures increased from 1.2% (2004/06) to 5% (2019/21) (p < 0.0001). Compared to previous TARN data, retinal injuries increased 3-fold to 18.6% and corneal injuries decreased from 31–6.6%.
Conclusions
Identifying sight-threatening injuries in polytrauma is challenging. Ocular injury epidemiology has changed significantly, though overall incidence is low. These findings may inform guideline development, resource allocation, and training priorities.
Health phenome of Parkinson’s patients reveals prominent mood-sleep cluster
Authors: Olsen Abby , Locascio Joseph , Tuncali Idil , Laroussi Nada , Abatzis Elena , Kamenskaya Polina , Kuras Yuliya , Yi Tom , Videnovic Aleks , Hayes Michael , Ho Gary , Paulson Jordan , Khurana Vikram , Herrington Todd , Hyman Bradley , Selkoe Dennis , Growdon John , Gomperts Stephen , Riise Trond , Schwarzschild Michael , Hung Albert , Wills Anne , Scherzer Clemens 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: Associations between phenotypic traits, environmental exposures, and Parkinson’s disease have largely been evaluated one-by-one, piecemeal, and pre-selections. A comprehensive picture of comorbidities, phenotypes, exposures, and polypharmacy characterizing the complexity and heterogeneity of real-world patients presenting to academic movement disorders clinics in the US is missing.
Objectives: To portrait the complexity of features associated with patients with Parkinson’s disease in a study of 933 cases and 291 controls enrolled in the Harvard Biomarkers Study.
Methods: The primary analysis evaluated 64 health features for associations with Parkinson’s using logistic regression adjusting for age and sex. We adjusted for multiple testing using the false discovery rate (FDR) with £ 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Exploratory analyses examined feature correlation clusters and feature combinations.
Results: Depression (OR = 3.11, 95% CI 2.1 to 4.71), anxiety (OR = 3.31, 95% CI 2.01-5.75), sleep apnea (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.47-4.92), and restless leg syndrome (RLS; OR 4.12, 95% CI 1.81-12.1) were significantly more common in patients with Parkinson’s than in controls adjusting for age and sex with FDR £ 0.05. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, sleep apnea, and RLS were correlated, and these diseases formed part of a larger cluster of mood traits and sleep traits linked to PD. Exposures to pesticides (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.37-2.6), head trauma (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.51-3.73), and smoking (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.43-0.75) were significantly associated with the disease consistent with previous studies. Vitamin supplementation with cholecalciferol (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.4-3.45) and coenzyme Q10 (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.89-4.92) was more commonly used by patients than controls. Cumulatively, 43% (398 of 933) of Parkinson’s patients had at least one psychiatric or sleep disorder, compared to 21% (60 of 291) of healthy controls.
Conclusions: 43% of Parkinson’s patients seen at Harvard-affiliated teaching hospitals have depression, anxiety, and disordered sleep. This syndromic cluster of mood and sleep traits may be pathophysiologically linked and clinically important.
ZmZFP2 encoding a C4HC3-type RING zinc finger protein regulates kernel size and weight in maize
Authors: Zhang Long , Wang Qilei , Li Wenyu , Zheng Qi , Fu Miaomiao , Wang Han , Li Xinyu , Wang Yan , Hu Lingwei , Yao Weigang , Dong Yongbin , Wu Yongrui , Li Yuling 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The development of maize (Zea mays) kernels is a complex physiological process, regulated by many genes in a spatio-temporal manner. However, there remain many unknown regulatory genes involved in maize kernel development. Here, we have identified a gene (ZmZFP2), which encodes a C4HC3-type RING zinc finger protein, that regulates maize kernel weight and size based on the suppression subtractive hybridization from maize endosperm in our previous studies. Through transgenic technology, over-expression of ZmZFP2 resulted in increased kernel weight and size compared to the wild type, while mutation of the gene led to decreased kernel weight and size. Microscopic observation of developing kernels revealed that ZmZFP2 affects the number of endosperm cells and their filling, as well as the starch and protein contents of the kernels. ZmZFP2 shows constitutive expression in various maize tissues. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that the zmzfp2-ems mutation significantly interfered with multiple biological processes, especially hormone pathways and ubiquitin degradation. Together, ZmZFP2 affects kernel size and weight by influencing endosperm cell number and filling, providing a valuable potential gene for increasing maize yield.
Examining Rurality and Social Determinants of Health Among Women with GDM: A 15-year Comprehensive Population Analysis
Authors: Ali Umama , Cure Laila , Lewis Rhonda K. , Rattani Ajita , Hill Twyla , Woods Nikki Keene 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication with long-term health consequences for mothers and their children. The escalating trends of GDM coupled with growing prevalence of maternal obesity, a significant GDM risk factor projected to approach nearly 60% by 2030 in Kansas, has emerged as a pressing public health issue.
Methods
The aim of this study was to compare GDM and maternal obesity trends in rural and urban areas and investigate maternal demographic characteristics influencing the risk of GDM development over a 15-year period. Trend analyses and a binary logistic regression were employed utilizing 2005 to 2019 de-identified birth record vital statistics from the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (N = 589,446).
Results
Over the cumulative 15-year period, a higher prevalence of GDM was observed in rural areas across age, race/ethnicity, education, and insurance source. Throughout this period, there was an increasing trend in both GDM and overweight or obese pre-pregnancy BMI, with noticeable rural-urban disparities, particularly among rural women with an obese pre-pregnancy BMI. From 2005 to 2019, women, including Asian American Indians (OR: 2.72, 95% CI 2.58%-2.87%), Alaskan Natives (OR: 1.58, 95%, CI 1.44%-1.73%), Hispanics (OR: 1.42, 95% CI 1.37%-1.48%), women residing in rural areas (OR: 1.09, 95%, CI 1.06%-1.12%), with advanced maternal age (35–39 years, OR: 4.52 95% CI 4.24%-4.82%; ≥40 years, OR 5.93 95%, CI 5.47%-6.44%), with lower educational status (less than high school, OR: 1.14, 95% CI 1.10%-1.19%; high school graduate, OR: 1.10, 95% CI 1.06%-1.14%), Medicaid users (OR: 1.10, 95% CI 1.07%-1.14%), unemployed (OR: 1.06, 95% CI 0.97%-1.16%), or with an overweight or obese pre-pregnancy BMI (overweight, OR: 1.78, 95% CI 1.72%-1.84%; obese, OR: 3.60, 95% CI 3.49%-3.72%), were found to be at an increased risk of developing GDM.
Conclusions
There are persistent rural-urban and racial/ethnic disparities present from 2005 to 2019 among pregnant women in Kansas with or at-risk of GDM. There are several socioeconomic factors that contribute to these health disparities affecting GDM development. These findings, alongside with prominent rising maternal obesity trends, highlights the need to expand GDM services in a predominantly rural state, and implement culturally-responsive interventions for at-risk women.
The role of total bilirubin in bone mineral density among patients with type 2 diabetes older than 50 years
Authors: Luo Xiao-Min , Tang Min , Wei Xiao-Hui , Fan Neng-Guang , Zhang Zhi-Jian , Peng Yong-De 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: Bilirubin may exert antioxidant and cytoprotective effects by scavenging peroxyl radicals and inhibiting oxidation. There is evidence that middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have abnormal bone metabolism and deterioration of bone microstructure, which can easily lead to increased bone fragility and osteoporosis. However, few studies have reported whether total bilirubin (TB) is associated with bone metabolism in middle-aged and elderly T2DM patients. We collected 10 years of data from the NHANES database to examine the association between TB and bone mineral density (BMD) in the US population of T2DM patients older than 50 years.
Methods: The population data in this study were obtained from five cycles of the NHANES database (2005-2006, 2007-2008, 2009-2010, 2013-2014, and 2017-2018) with a total of 50,464 subjects. The outcomes of interest were total femur BMD and lumbar BMD. The relationship between TB and BMD was analyzed using weighted multiple linear regression, subgroup analysis, generalized additive models, smoothed fitted curves, and two-part logistic regression.
Results: A total of 1609 individuals (mean age 63.78 years; 60.99% Caucasian) were available for final data analysis based on strict eligibility criteria. After complete correction for potential confounders, no association was found between TB and BMD. However, in other racial populations (mainly non-Hispanic Asians), TB levels were positively associated with both BMDs [total femur BMD, β (95% CI), 0.005 (0.000, 0.010); lumbar BMD, β(95% CI), 0.005 (0.000, 0.009)]. In addition, no interactions were observed based on all priori stratification.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates that TB levels are not associated with BMD when the effect of underlying liver disease is excluded in a nationally representative population of T2DM over 50 years of age in the United States. However, in Asian populations, TB levels appear to be positively associated with BMD.
Quantification of the Local Mechanical Behaviour in Dissimilar Metal Welds using Digital Image Correlation Instrumented Cross Weld Tensile Testing
Authors: Siefert William Charles , Buehner Michael , Alexandrov Boian T 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The local yielding behavior in base metal, heat affected zone, fusion boundary region, and weld metal of low alloy steel / Alloy 625 filler metal welds was quantified using digital image correlation instrumented cross weld tensile test. The tested welds exhibited undermatching, matching, or overmatching weld metal yield strength with significant gradients in the local yielding behavior. An undermatching weld yielded at 69 MPa below the base metal yield stress, accumulating to 0.72% total strain. The base metal in an overmatching weld had 110 MPa lower yield strength than the weld metal. The strong strain hardening response in the Alloy 625 weld metal, within the uniform elongation range, and its constraining effect on the fusion boundary region and heat affected zone, led to extensive strain accumulation, necking, and final failure in the base metal of all tested welds. The yielding behavior of the tested welds was compared to stress-based criteria, utilizing minimum specified and as-delivered yield and ultimate tensile strength, and to strain-based criteria. The capability of digital image correlation instrumented cross weld tensile testing to quantify local yielding and strain accumulation demonstrates potential application in proving conformity to stress-based and strain-based design criteria of dissimilar and matching filler metal welds.
Investigating the association between household exposure to Anopheles stephensi and malaria in Sudan and Ethiopia: a case-control study protocol
Authors: Ashine Temesgen , Ebstie Yehenew Asmamaw , Ibrahim Rayyan , Epstein Adrienne , Bradley John , Nouredayem Mujahid , Michael Mikiyas G , Sidiahmed Amani , Negash Nigatu , Kochora Abena , Sulieman Jihad Eltaher , Reynolds Alison M , Alemayehu Eba , Zemene Endalew , Eyasu Adane , Dagne Alemayehu , Hailemeskel Elifaged , Jaiteh Fatou , Geleta Dereje , Lejore Ephrem , Weetman David , Hussien Ahmed Mahmoud , Saad Fadwa , Assefa Gudissa , Solomon Hiwot , Bashir Abdelgadir , Massebo Fekadu , Peeters Koen , Yewhalaw Delenasaw , Kafy Hmooda Toto , Donnelly Martin J , Gadisa Endalamaw , Malik Elfatih M , Wilson Anne L 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Endemic African malaria vectors are poorly adapted to typical urban ecologies. However, Anopheles stephensi, an urban malaria vector formerly confined to South Asia and the Persian Gulf, was recently detected in Africa and may change the epidemiology of malaria across the continent. Little is known about the public health implications of An. stephensi in Africa. This study is designed to assess the contribution of An. stephensi to malaria transmission in urban settings in Sudan and Ethiopia.
Methods
Case-control studies will be conducted in 3 urban settings (2 in Sudan, 1 in Ethiopia) to assess the association between presence/absence of An. stephensi in and around households and malaria cases. Cases, defined as individuals aged between 6 months and 12 years (in Sudan) and greater than 6 months (in Ethiopia), positive for Plasmodium falciparum and/or P. vivax by microscopy/rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and controls, defined as age-matched individuals negative for P. falciparum and/or P. vivax by microscopy/RDT, will be recruited from public health facilities. Entomological surveillance for adult and immature mosquitoes, and household surveys will be conducted at participant homes within 48 hours of enrolment. Both adult and immature mosquitoes will be identified by PCR. Conditional logistic regression will be used to estimate the association between presence/absence of An. stephensi and malaria status, adjusted for co-occurrence of other malaria vectors and participant gender.
Conclusions
Findings from this study will provide evidence of the relative importance of An. stephensi for malaria burden in urban African settings, shedding light on the need for future intervention planning and policy development.