bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Betamethasone and vision loss: An alarming side effect!
Authors: Anis Muhammad Wajeeh , Mansoor Mina , Younus Mohammad Ijlal 
Published: November 2023

Madam,
Betamethasone is a potent steroid medication with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties, and it is frequently prescribed in Pakistan for conditions such as eczema, psoriasis and contact dermatitis due to its availability and affordability. However, it has significant adverse effects such as skin atrophy, striae and other cutaneous symptoms, and glaucoma.[1] Glaucoma is a severe condition characterized by pathologic elevation in intraocular pressure, leading to optic nerve damage and irreversible blindness.
As highlighted by Sahni et al. topical steroid use in the periorbital area for an extended peri, for treating eczema can lead to detrimental visual problems and glaucoma [2]. In this case, a woman taking high dose topical steroids since the age of 16 started to develop frequent falls and blurring of vision. She had markedly elevated intraocular pressures and extensive peripheral visual field loss, consistent with advanced glaucoma. In addition to the study above Charles et al. also published a case report about a 43-year-old male who used betamethasone ointment on his body for eight months straight. Although he had precisely denied using the ointment near his eyes, he developed painless vision loss in his left eye due to glaucoma.[3]
Additionally, a 2017 study highlighted a significant rise of vision impairment in Pakistan, an increase of 55% since 1990, with glaucoma prevalent in 0.14 million individuals, and eye diseases to further increase by 2025.[4] Consequently, this medication, which is being discontinued around the world, is still frequently used in Pakistan. Through this manuscript, I would like to bring this serious issue to light so that people in Pakistan can also be educated and protected from this serious side effect. Healthcare practitioners should strictly be avoiding this medication and using less harmful alternatives.
Newest and most promising Type 1 Diabetes treatment
Authors: Umm E Salma Banatwala  , Rayaan Imran  , Muhammad Usman Taufiq  
Published: November 2023

Dear Madam,
According to the International Diabetes Federation, Pakistan has the highest diabetes prevalence in the world (1).Ttype 1 diabetes (T1DM), a chronic condition where the pancreas makes little or no insulin. Despite extensive research, cure for T1DM has not been found. Typical treatment uses insulin injections, diet modifications, and exercise to manage blood sugar. This letter concisely explains the latest treatments for T1DM.
Conventionally, exogenic insulin substitution was done by testing blood sugar levels after finger pricking. However, modern treatments include automated glucose monitoring technology and insulin pumps.
Since T1DM is an autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of B-cells, the replacement of B-cells using allogeneic solid organ pancreas or islet transplantation treats the disease (2). However, this treatment requires lifelong immunosuppression drugs, that could lead to severe infections or nephrotoxicity. Other approaches include targeting T-cells, B-cells, or specific single antigens of which limitations range from side effects due to cytokine storm or inability to identify the key antigen. Even though immunotherapies further refined targeted inflammatory pathways, there is a lack of evidence as to if they can restore immune tolerance. On the other hand, therapies targeting cell-intrinsic metabolism may enhance B-cell survival but may result in B-cell dysfunction (2).
Given the grim situation of current T1DM treatments, the artificial pancreas is revolutionary. Specific hybrid artificial pancreas required the patient to count the carbohydrates consumed at mealtime. The modern system uses continuous glucose monitoring technology (a sensor inserted under the skin), delivering insulin via the infusion pump according to the blood glucose level.
The modern MiniMed 780G artificial pancreas is the first insulin delivery system to automatically administer bolus correction insulin dosage every 5 minutes and adjust insulin doses based on glucose levels. This technology can rectify insufficient or skipped pre-meal dosages by providing extra insulin.
A study of 4120 780G users reported that outcomes matched the recommended goals by the American Diabetes Association’s Standards while commending its ability to achieve low variability in glycemic controls (3). Another prospective study published in 2023 concluded that switching to the 780G improves the restoration of hypoglycemia awareness and metabolic control(4). One notable side effect of this system is localized skin infection(5).
In conclusion, treatment options for T1DM are ever-growing. The artificial pancreas shows promising results with milder side effects compared to other treatments. Further advancements are integral.
The Effect of Physical Activity on Mental Well-being among College Students
Authors: Damaris Agnetta 
Published: November 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between physical activity and mental well-being among college students.
Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low-cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
Findings: The findings revealed that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the effect of physical activity on mental well-being among college students. Preliminary empirical reviews revealed that engaging in a structured physical activity program on campus positively influenced mental well-being among college students. Concerns about privacy, information security, and access to social media platforms were identified in some universities in the region. Positive attitudes towards physical activities to curb anxiety and stress were found in most of the studies reviewed.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Self-Determination Theory (SDT), Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and Flow Theory by may be used to anchor future studies on the effect of physical activity on mental well-being among college students. Promoting and supporting regular physical activity among college students, incorporating social support and enhancing self-efficacy beliefs to maximize the mental health benefits, considering gender-specific approaches, and designing campus-based physical activity interventions should be taken into consideration. Implementing these recommendations can effectively promote mental well-being among college students, emphasizing the importance of physical activity as a strategy to support their psychological health and well-being.
Keywords: Physical Activity, Mental Well-Being, College Students, Health, Psychological Health
JUDICIALIZACIÓN DE LA PENA PRIVATIVA DE LA LIBERTAD EN EL SISTEMA PENAL ACUSATORIO PANAMEÑO
Authors: Peñalba Luis Gabriel 
Published: November 2023

El tema se enfoca en el análisis sobre la judicialización de la pena privativa de la libertad como última etapa en el proceso penal, instaurado a partir de una nueva creación, la cual fue el Sistema Penal Acusatorio en el país. Se relaciona con el vínculo que se reconoce entre un proceso de justicia, que toma decisiones y dicta sentencias sostenidas por etapas de investigación y comprobación, y la ejecución de lo juzgado que sobreviene a todo el proceso, que no puede sustraerse de la responsabilidad de completar el proceso penal, hasta que concluya el término que la misma sentencia ha dictaminado. Este enfoque del proceso penal se ha modificado notablemente en esta última etapa, pues esa responsabilidad de completar el proceso penal se dejaba en manos de la administración del sistema penitenciario y, ahora, pertenece al mismo sistema judicial, con la presencia del Juez de Cumplimiento. La presente investigación se enfoca en una metodología cualitativa, descriptiva no experimental con una población de diecinueve (19) participantes conformada por Fiscales, Abogados particulares, Abogados de la defensa pública y jueces, permitiendo concluir que la implementación del Sistema Penal Acusatorio en Panamá, representa un cambio sustantivo en el orden y seguimiento de los procesos judiciales, estableciendo las diversas fases que dividen y ordenan la secuencia de las investigaciones, con sus pruebas, juicio oral, sentencia y ejecución de la sentencia, que llegó para agilizar y reorganizar un sistema arcaico en base a las reformas judiciales y lento en la instauración de un juicio para el dictamen del plazo condenatorio.
Spatiotemporally consistent global dataset of the GIMMS leaf area index (GIMMS LAI4g) from 1982 to 2020
Authors: Cao Sen , Li Muyi , Zhu Zaichun , Wang Zhe , Zha Junjun , Zhao Weiqing , Duanmu Zeyu , Chen Jiana , Zheng Yaoyao , Chen Yue , Myneni Ranga B. , Piao Shilong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Leaf area index (LAI) with an explicit biophysical meaning is a critical variable to characterize terrestrial ecosystems. Long-term global datasets of LAI have served as fundamental data support for monitoring vegetation dynamics and exploring its interactions with other Earth components. However, current LAI products face several limitations associated with spatiotemporal consistency. In this study, we employed the back propagation neural network (BPNN) and a data consolidation method to generate a new version of the half-month 1/12∘ Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) LAI product, i.e., GIMMS LAI4g, for the period 1982–2020. The significance of the GIMMS LAI4g was the use of the latest PKU GIMMS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) product and 3.6 million high-quality global Landsat LAI samples to remove the effects of satellite orbital drift and sensor degradation and to develop spatiotemporally consistent BPNN models. The results showed that the GIMMS LAI4g exhibited overall higher accuracy and lower underestimation than its predecessor (GIMMS LAI3g) and two mainstream LAI products (Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) LAI and Long-term Global Mapping (GLOBMAP) LAI) using field LAI measurements and Landsat LAI samples. Its validation against Landsat LAI samples revealed an R2 of 0.96, root mean square error of 0.32 m2 m−2, mean absolute error of 0.16 m2 m−2, and mean absolute percentage error of 13.6 % which meets the accuracy target proposed by the Global Climate Observation System. It outperformed other LAI products for most vegetation biomes in a majority area of the land. It efficiently eliminated the effects of satellite orbital drift and sensor degradation and presented a better temporal consistency before and after the year 2000. The consolidation with the reprocessed MODIS LAI allows the GIMMS LAI4g to extend the temporal coverage from 2015 to a recent period (2020), producing the LAI trend that maintains high consistency before and after 2000 and aligns with the reprocessed MODIS LAI trend during the MODIS era. The GIMMS LAI4g product could potentially facilitate mitigating the disagreements between studies of the long-term global vegetation changes and could also benefit the model development in earth and environmental sciences. The GIMMS LAI4g product is open access and available under Attribution 4.0 International at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7649107 (Cao et al., 2023).
Performing Mediterraneanness: Mediterranean Diaspora and Solidarity Politics in Chapel Hill, NC
Authors: Banalopoulou Christina 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The Mediterranean diaspora in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, provides an excellent vantage point for the examination of solidarity economies that challenge inequalities and nexuses of power relations on both local and international levels. Despite its sociopolitical and cultural significance for the study of diasporic negotiations of nationalism and the constitution of transnational bonds, however, Chapel Hill’s Mediterranean communities are unrepresented in the literature. Combining participant observation with anecdotal cross-cultural encounters and oral histories, this article demonstrates that Chapel Hill’s Mediterranean diaspora creates alliances in ways that exceed the nation-state. Once uprooted from their geopolitical context, Chapel Hill’s Mediterranean communities, which consist of first-generation immigrants, refer to their shared Mediterraneanness in order to enhance and make sense of their bottom-up world-making practices and their subversive capacities. Performance, both as formally aestheticized cultural practices and as everyday expressive acts, is of key significance for the ways in which these communities negotiate the politics of solidarity and develop alliances within and beyond the nation-state. Therefore, the author draws upon the “performative turn” in ethnography and proposes a methodology that utilizes performance as both research content and a way of knowing.
Teori Belajar Kognitif dan Aplikasinya dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Nurdiyanto Nurdiyanto , Muchlis Abdul , Tauviqillah Ahmad , Tarsono Tarsono , Hasbiyallah Hasbiyallah 
Published: November 2023

Perkembangan kognitif manusia merupakan hal yang dominan dalam kehidupan baik menelaah, mengelola informasi, mencari solusi untuk memecahkan suatu masalah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui konsep dari teori belajar kognitif, tokoh-tokoh dalam teori kognitif, gaya belajar dalam pendidikan agama Islam, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi belajar serta aplikasinya dalam pendidikan agama Islam. Pendekatan yang dilakukan oleh peneliti dalam artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode studi pustaka dan kajian kepustakaan (library research), dengan sumber-sumber yang diperoleh melalui E-Book, Jurnal yang sudah terakreditasi dan referensi dari Website Internet kemudian dianalisis oleh peneliti untuk dijadikan suatu temuan yang baru. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsep dasar teori belajar kognitif mempunyai tahapan-tahapan untuk sampai kepada targetnya masing-masing di antaranya pertama, pada masa sensori motorik usia dua sampai empat tahun, kedua, masa pro-operasional dua sampai tujuh tahun, ketiga, masa operasional konkret usia tujuh tahun sampai sekitar sebelas tahun dan keempat, masa operasional formal tujuh sampai lima belas tahun. Keempat tahapan yang diterapkan oleh teori kognitif ini harus tepat sasaran terhadap peserta didiknya sehingga pengaplikasiannya dalam pendidikan agama Islam terealisasikan melalui konsep teori kognitif tersebut.
Implementasi Model SIUUL dalam meningkatkan Ketepatan Artikulasi Anak yang Mengalami Keterlambatan Bicara
Authors: Irawati Luci , Widiati Debora Pujo , Emiliana Widarti , Sari Euis Agung , Watini Sri 
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan ketepatan artikulasi pada anak yang mengalami keterlambatan berbicara. Model yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model SIUUL (Simak-Ucap-Ulang) di mana anak menyimak, mengucap dan mengulang kata yang di dengar. Metode yang digunakan adalah Penelitian tindakan Kelas (PTK). Dalam metode ini terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu 1) tahap perencanaan, 2). tahap pelaksanaan, 3). tahap pengamatan dan 4) tahap refleksi. Dalam pelaksanaan penelitian ini, dilakukan dengan dilakukan dalam tiga siklus. Subjek penelitian yaitu Omah Uthie Daycare yang berada di Perumahan The Grove Cibinong Bogor. Strategi pengajaran yang berbeda digunakan untuk setiap siklus tindakan. Ini termasuk permainan berbasis bahasa, aktivitas bernyanyi, membaca gambar, dan alat bantu audio-visual untuk meningkatkan keterampilan bahasa. Pada akhir setiap siklus diadakan observasi sesuai dengan indikator yang sudah direncanakan. Indikator tersebut yaitu keaktifan bicara, artikulasi kata, memahami pertanyaan dan melaksanakan perintah guru. Terlihat kemajuan berbicara di setiap siklusnya. Dari hasil penelitian ternyata model SIUUL menjadi model pembelajaran yang menolong anak untuk lebih jelas dalam artikulasi berbicaranya. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan kemampuan berbicara dalam artikulasi anak. Orang tua juga mengatakan bahwa anak-anak mereka lebih baik berkomunikasi di rumah.
THE TEACHING STYLES HAVE BY THE ENGLISH TEACHERS IN SMP NEGERI 27 BUTON TENGAH
Authors: Herman Ary Irjayanti 
Published: November 2023

The objectives of this study was to find out the teaching style of teachers at SMP Negeri 27 Buton Tengah. The type of this research used qualitative research. Then to the design used by case studies research. It use several methods, such as interviews and observations to collect the data. The location of the research was at SMP Negeri 27 Buton Tengah. This research was precisely location in Madongka Village, Lakudo, Buton Tengah. The subject of this research was an English teacher at second grade of SMP Negeri 27 Buton Tengah.The instrument in this research process was the researcher herself who acts as the research instrument. To analyze the data from observation and interviews, researchers used Data collection, Data reduction, and data display.
The result of the finding indicated that the types of teaching style used by English teacher at SMPN 27 Baton Tengah namely Expert style, formal authority style, Personal model or demonstrator and facilitator style. The dominant teaching style used by the teacher was formal auditory style, personal model or demonstrator. The teacher usually design group activities that require active learning, student to student’s collaboration, and problem solving.
FACTORS AFFECTING STUDENTS’ READING ANXIETY IN EFL TEACHING AND LEARNING
Authors: Dunifa La , Zamihu Juamdan Zamha , Husni Husni , Jusar Nur Fitrah 
Published: November 2023

The Problem statement of this research was what factors affecting the English reading anxiety for class XI.I students of SMA Negeri 4 Pasarwajo. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that influence the reading anxiety of class XI.I students of SMA Negeri 4 Pasarwajo. This research used the qualitative research design. The subject of this research was student class XI.I SMA Negeri 4 Pasarwajo year 2022/2023. The data was obtained by observation and interview then was analyzed by the researcher with three steps: data reduction, data display, and draw conclusion or verification. This research found that there were three factors that affected the reading anxiety students’ class XI.I SMA Negeri 4 Pasarwajo. Those were hard to Understand Text, fear of making mistakes, lack of confidence.
Phân tích đồng phân quang học amlodipin bằng HPLC sử dụng cột sắc kí lux cellulose
Authors: Nguyễn Ngân Thảo Hạnh , Lê Cúc Thị Thu 
Published: November 2023

Amlodipin (AM) gồm hai đồng phân (S)−AM (S) và (R)−AM (R), tuy nhiên, chỉ có (S) được sử dụng. Hiện nay, chưa có chuyên luận riêng cho (S) trong dược điển và phương pháp định lượng, tách (S), (R) tối ưu. Nghiên cứu sử dụng HPLC với các đối tượng nghiên cứu gồm viên nén AM 5 mg; (S)−AM 2,5 mg và 5 mg; chất đối chiếu AM besilat; (S)−AM besilat; các hóa chất, dung môi đạt chuẩn phân tích; các cột tách gồm lux cellulose-(1,2,3,4). Trình tự tiến hành: trước tiên, khảo sát cột, đánh giá khả năng tách. Tiếp theo khảo sát pha động, chọn hệ pha động phù hợp nhất. Cuối cùng, thẩm định phương pháp (theo ICH). Kết quả cho thấy cột lux cellulose-4 tách được hoàn toàn hỗn hợp tại bước sóng 237 nm với hệ acetonitril-ethanol-diethylamin tỉ lệ 90:10:0,1 (v:v:v). Khi thẩm định, phương pháp đạt yêu cầu về tính đặc hiệu, khoảng tuyến tính, độ đúng, độ chính xác, giới hạn phát hiện, giới hạn định lượng với độ phân giải > 2,5, phạm vi định lượng từ (0,1-1) µg/mL, độ lệch chuẩn tương đối < 2 % (n = 6), độ phục hồi (98-102) %. Như vậy, HPLC dùng cột lux cellulose-4 với hệ acetonitril-ethanol-diethylamin (90:10:0,1) phù hợp tách (S) và (R), là một phương pháp mới để định lượng riêng (S), kiểm nghiệm các chế phẩm chứa AM hoặc (S) trên thị trường.
® 2023 Journal of Science and Technology - NTTU
Application of Raman spectroscopy in relative blue ballpoint pen ink dating for forensic document analysis – a case report
Authors: Hoang Duc Anh , Hoang Hung Manh , Tu Minh Binh 
Published: November 2023

In this case report, blue ballpoint ink on a questioned document was investigated using a newly developed Raman model devoted for dating of documents via writing inks. The majority of blue ballpoint pen inks contain crystal violet - a triarylmethane dye which displays a typical “molecular fingerprint” type of Raman spectrum, of which most intense peaks at 749 cm−1 and 1542 cm−1 (under 785 nm laser excitation) represents the least and the most stable bonds of crystal violet molecules, respectively. The ratios of peak intensities at above mentioned Raman shifts are utilized to estimate the relative dating of the questioned blue ballpoint pen ink in practice, results of which agreed with estimations using other traditional relative dating methods.
® 2023 Journal of Science and Technology - NTTU
THEORETICAL CONCEPTUALISATIONS OF IDENTITY: ON THE FALSE PROBLEM OF NON-COMPLEMENTARITY OF COLLECTIVE
Authors: Slijepcevic Dusanka 
Published: November 2023

The research subject refers to the theoretical perspectives of the identity of several authors – N. Sekulic, Z. Golubovic, B. Anderson, N. Djukic, E. Goffman, M. Castells, R. Watson, G. Small, Z. Bauman, S. Hall, V. Jerotic, R. Jenkins and A. Benoist. The search is for an answer to the question: Could priority be given to personal or social identity, according to importance? A noticeable research problem is the pluralism of conceptions that attach more importance to either individual or collective identity. The main hypothesis is that there is a false problem of non-complementarity of collective and personal identity, as well as an experiential connection (scientific law) between the political construction of collective identity and totalitarianism. The scientific goals are: 1) to describe the identity and the process of its creation; 2) to classify and explain the difference between personal and collective identity, with an emphasis on the integrative point of view of Golubovic and Jenkins on the complementarity between them; 3) to anticipate the experiential connection between the political construction of collective identity and totalitarianism due to the exclusion of Others from the constructed identity pattern, in order to establish complete state-political (party) control over all dimensions of everyday life beyond States. The methods of (descriptive and comparative) analysis, deduction, synthesis, induction, case studies and content analysis of identity conceptions based on a simple classification (significant - less significant type of identity) (Kukic & Markic, 2006: 217) and desk research will be used. The results of qualitative research are knowledge about identity, its types, its construction and the consequences of identity engineering, which were obtained through secondary, qualitative data (Kothari, 2004; Dale, Wathan & Higgins, 2008) during 'research in the library' (Kuba & Koking, 2004: 90) on bibliographic units from an abstracted sample.