bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological removal of carbon disulfide from waste air streams
Authors: Hugler Walter , Acosta Craso , Revah Sergio 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA pilot‐scale biological control system for the treatment of 3400 m3 h−1 of a gaseous stream containing up to 7.8g CS2 m−3 and trace amounts of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was installed in a cellulose sponge manufacturing facility. The objective was to demonstrate the capability of the process to attain sustained re m oval efficiencies of 90% for CS2 and 99% for H2S. The system consisted of two sequential biotrickling reactors, which had been previously inoculated with an adapted microbial consortium. During the pilot test, stable removal efficiency and elimination capacity of +90% and 220g CS2 m−3 h−1, respectively, we re attained with an empty bed residence time (EBRT) of 33 seconds for a period of several weeks. Efficiencies greater than 99% we re always obtained for H2S. Based on the results, the system was determined to be an effective process to remediate waste air streams containing reduced sulfur compounds generated at cellulose sponge facilities.
Review of commercial innovative technologies for hazardous waste
Authors: Cudahy James J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA number of Innovative Technologies have been developed since the late 1980's for the treatment of Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous wastes. The development of these technologies has been encouraged by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Department of Energy (DOE) and the Department of Defense (DOD). As part of the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation program, the EPA has evaluated some of these technologies for the treatment of soils contaminated with RCRA hazardous constituents. The DOE has extensively studied and evaluated these technologies for the treatment of mixed (RCRA plus radioactive) waste. The DOD has also studied these technologies for the chemical demilitarization of chemical warfare agents. The technology experience and performance of five Innovative Technologies that have been demonstrated on a full‐scale commercial basis are discussed.
The influence of organic matter content of contaminated soils on the leaching rate of heavy metals
Authors: Ferraz M. C. M. Alvim , Lourençlo J. C. N. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractLeaching studies of contaminated soils were conducted to remove heavy metals, with the aim of recovering these species. Lead, copper and zinc were extracted using a leaching solution of HCl (0.1 M) and NaCl (1.9 M). Time‐dependent release was analyzed. A Langmuir‐type model fit well to the experimental data, allowing the determination of the maximum concentration of lead, copper and zinc that can be reached in the leaching solutions and the time required to attain a fixed leached concentration of metal. The influence of natural organic matter content of the soil on leaching time was evaluated. Natural organic matter content significantly influenced leaching time, due to metal complexation by dissolved organic matter transferred to the leaching solutions. Increasing of natural organic matter content of contaminated soils reduced leaching time.
Flux enhancement in TFC RO membranes
Authors: Kuehne Mark A. , Song Richard Q. , Li Norman N. , Petersen Robert J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe effects of varying processing conditions during fabrication of TFC RO membranes were systematically investigated. It was found that the membrane flux is greatly dependent on the processing steps that follow the synthesis of the thin film coating, such as washing, treatment with glycerol, and drying of the membrane. Glycerol is not simply a passive flux ‐ p reserving agent, preventing loss of porosity during oven drying. In combination with a second oven drying step, glycerol actively enhances flux. Membrane flux can be similarly enhanced by treatment with solutions of organic salts, followed by oven drying. The effect of these treatments is quite large, increasing the flux by 30–70%, with no loss of salt rejection. Flux‐enhancing additives were also used in the aqueous polyamine solution used to prepare the thin film coating.
Emission of trace compounds from catalytic cracking regenerators
Authors: Bertrand Rene R. , Siegell Jeffrey H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractCatalytic cracking units (CCUs) are a potential emissions source for a number of compounds listed as Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) in the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. In some cases, these compounds are formed in the catalyst regeneration process, and in others they are present in coke, converted to oxides in the regenerator, and then emitted. In this analysis, both average and median emission factors for these HAPs were developed based upon more than 1,400 field test data points covering over 60 compounds. For some of these compounds, there are large differences between the average and median emission factors due to significant scatter in the raw data. Comparisons to published emission factors from several sources indicate that, for formaldehyde, the median emission factor is more likely to be representative of actual CCU emissions.
Use of environmental management systems in settlement of enforcement actions
Authors: Grosskopf John W. , Mutnan Michael 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe use of environmental management systems (EMS) has risen dramatically in the U.S. over the past few years. Contributing to that rise is EPA's and other state environmental regulatory authorities' increasing acceptance and use of EMSs. The initial focus on EMSs by the EPA was in consent decrees and settlement agreements between the agency and private firms. It is an important new enforcement strategy and signals a change in how EPA views application and use of EMSs and the ISO 14001 standard. This trend has spread to state regulatory authorities with no abatement in sight. EMSs in settlement actions represent an exciting and new “win‐win” strategy for both the regulators and the firms subject to the enforcement action.This paper addresses the brief history of these strategies, and the importance of this new enforcement strategy, and cites three important case studies where EMSs were an important part in resolving enforcement actions. The first is the ASARCO case, where an EMS was first used in a settlement agreement. The second is the Firewall Forward, Inc., case, the first EMS as a supplemental environmental project (SEP) in a settlement action, and the third was AAA Plating, in which several EMS implementation innovations were applied within the settlement. The paper concludes with a discussion of predicted trends regarding the use of EMSs/ISO 14001 standard by EPA and other enforcement authorities based on emerging practices in private industry.
Toward sustainable products in sweden
Authors: Reinhard Ylva 
Published: April 2004

AbstractToday's environmental problems are associated, to a great extent, with the industrialized world's consumption of goods and services. Consumption leads to different kinds of environmental impacts from all parts of a product's life cycle: raw material extraction, production, use, recovery, and final disposal, including transportation throughout the cycle. Working with products embraces many different environmental problems, instruments and mechanisms, stakeholders, various policy areas, etc. The current structure of industry and the considerable amount of international trade requires a strategy that takes these conditions into account in advancing sustainable production and consumption. The European Union has developed an Integrated Product Policy, built on life cycle thinking, in order to reduce resource use.The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) was commissioned by the Swedish Government in 2001 to develop the Integrated Product Policy (IPP). The aim of IPP is to minimize the impact of products on human health and the environment throughout their life cycles, from cradle‐to‐grave, to improve sustainable production and consumption, and advance the government's environmental quality objectives. SEPA studied how instruments and mechanisms can work together and be made more effective, and what new instruments and mechanisms might be needed to achieve the goals laid down in IPP. This paper presents the results of the study.
Molecular heterogeneity in AML/MDS patients with 3q21q26 rearrangements
Authors: Lahortiga Idoya , Vázquez Iria , Agirre Xabier , Larrayoz María J. , Vizmanos José L. , Gozzetti Alessandro , Calasanz María J. , Odero María D. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPatients with 3q21q26 rearrangements seem to share similar clinicopathologic features and a common molecular mechanism, leading to myelodysplasia or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The ectopic expression of EVI1 (3q26) has been implicated in the dysplasia that characterizes this subset of myeloid neoplasias. However, lack of EVI1 expression has been reported in several cases, and overexpression of EVI1 was detected in 9% of AML cases without 3q26 abnormalities. We report the molecular characterization of seven patients with inv(3)(q21q26), t(3;3)(q21;q26) or related abnormalities. EVI1 expression was detected in only one case, and thus ectopic expression of this gene failed to explain all of these cases. GATA2 (3q21) was found to be overexpressed in 5 of the 7 patients. GATA2 is highly expressed in stem cells, and its expression dramatically decreases when erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation proceeds. No mutations in GATA1 were found in any patient, excluding loss of function of GATA1 as the cause of GATA2 overexpression. We report finding molecular heterogeneity in patients with 3q21q26 rearrangements in both breakpoints and in the expression pattern of the genes near these breakpoints. Our data suggest that a unique mechanism is not likely to be involved in 3q21q26 rearrangements. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prenatal and postnatal effects of corticosterone on behavior in juveniles of the common lizard, Lacerta vivipara
Authors: Belliure Josabel , Meylan Sandrine , Clobert Jean 
Published: April 2004

AbstractMany animals exhibit dramatic responses when subjected to a stressor. A classic marker of the stress response is an increase in plasma glucocorticoids, but this constitutes only one step in the cascade from experience of a stressor to wider organismal changes, including behavior. The behavioral sensitivity to glucocorticoids would determine the consequences of the stress‐related alteration of behavior for the organism. In this study we explored, under laboratory conditions, the prenatal and postnatal effects of corticosterone on activity and thermoregulation of juveniles of the common lizard, Lacerta vivipara. Activity was measured as the time spent moving and the time spent scratching the wall in an empty terrarium. Thermoregulatory behavior was measured as the time spent motionless under a light bulb. Activity and thermoregulation of juveniles of the common lizard showed a different sensitivity to prenatal and postnatal corticosterone treatment, modulated by juvenile sex and maternal condition. Prenatal corticosterone manipulation influenced the time spent moving in both sexes. By contrast, only juvenile females increased the time spent scratching the walls of the terrarium when corticosterone was delivered both at the prenatal and postnatal stage. Prenatal hormone manipulation increased the time spent basking by juveniles issued from large females. These results suggest that, in addition to influencing a variety of behavioral and morphological traits, corticosterone may also play an important role in the regulation of activity and thermoregulation of juvenile lizards, modulated by individual sex and maternal condition. J. Exp. Zool. 301A:401–410, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of the rotator cuff and glenoid labrum using an extremity MR system: MR results compared to surgical findings from a multi‐center study
Authors: Zlatkin Michael B. , Hoffman Cary , Shellock Frank G. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPurposeTo conduct a multi‐center assessment of the use of a 0.2‐T, extremity MR system (E‐scan; General Electric Lunar Corp. and Esaote, Genoa, Italy) for identifying tears of the rotator cuff and glenoid labrum.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study was performed involving 160 patients (age range, 15–84 years old) from five facilities in the United States, comparing shoulder MR imaging to surgical findings. MR imaging of the shoulder was conducted as follows: shoulder coil; T1‐weighted spin echo, coronal‐oblique and axial images; short Tau inversion recovery (STIR), coronal‐oblique images and axial images; and T2‐weighted spin echo, coronal‐oblique and sagittal‐oblique images. The MR examinations were interpreted in an independent, prospective manner by two radiologists with extensive musculoskeletal MRI experience. Arthroscopic (N = 103) or open surgical (N = 57) procedures were performed within a mean of 53 days after MR imaging.ResultsSurgical findings demonstrated rotator cuff tears in 131 patients and labral tears in 60 patients. For the rotator cuff, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 90%, 93%, 98%, and 68%, respectively. For the labrum, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 55%, 100%, 100%, and 82%, respectively.ConclusionsThere was good agreement when MR results obtained using the extremity MR system were compared to surgical findings for identifying rotator cuff tears, while the sensitivity of MR imaging for determining labral tears was relatively poor. Nevertheless, these findings were comparable to those reported in the peer‐reviewed literature for MR systems operating at mid‐, and high‐field‐strengths. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;19:623–631. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multislice first‐pass myocardial perfusion imaging: Comparison of saturation recovery (SR)‐TrueFISP‐two‐dimensional (2D) and SR‐TurboFLASH‐2D pulse sequences
Authors: Fenchel Michael , Helber Uwe , Simonetti Orlando P. , Stauder Norbert I. , Kramer Ulrich , Nguyen Co‐Nghi , Finn J. Paul , Claussen Claus D. , Miller Stephan 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPurposeTo compare signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), contrast‐to‐noise (CNR) ratio, and diagnostic accuracy of a newly developed saturation recovery (SR)‐TrueFISP‐two‐dimensional (2D) sequence with an SR‐TurboFLASH‐2D sequence.Materials and MethodsIn seven healthy subjects and nine patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), contrast‐enhanced perfusion imaging (with Gd‐DTPA) was performed with SR‐TrueFISP and SR‐TurboFLASH sequences. Hypoperfused areas were assessed qualitatively (scale = 0–4). Furthermore, SNR and CNR were calculated and semiquantitative perfusion parameters were determined from signal intensity (SI) time curves. Standard of reference for patient studies was single‐photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) and angiography.ResultsThe perception of perfusion deficits was superior in TrueFISP images (2.6 ± 1.0) than in TurboFLASH (1.4 ± 0.6) (P < 0.001). Phantom measurements yielded increased SNR (143 ± 34%) and CNR (158 ± 64%) values for TrueFISP. In patient/volunteer studies SNR was 61% to 100% higher and signal enhancement was 110% to 115% higher with TrueFISP than with TurboFLASH. Qualitative and semiquantitative assessment of perfusion defects yielded higher sensitivities for detection of perfusion defects with TrueFISP (68% to 78%) than with TurboFLASH (44% to 59%).ConclusionSR‐TrueFISP‐2D perfusion imaging provides superior SNR and CNR than TurboFLASH imaging. Moreover, the dynamic range of SIs was found to be higher with TrueFISP, resulting in an increased sensitivity for detection of perfusion defects. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;19:555–563. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modelling of complex RF/wireless structures using computationally optimized time‐domain techniques
Authors: Bushyager Nathan , Dalton Edan , Tentzeris Manos 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe modelling of RF integrated structures with fine metallic details using time‐domain simulators is addressed. The key features identified as difficulties in modelling metallic structures in these techniques are dielectric and metal loss and complexity of geometry. A method to model loss that involves the use of a quasi‐static simulator to identify correction factors that can be applied to a time domain simulator is presented. In addition, a novel MRTD subcell method is presented that can be used to simulate fine metallic structures and other subcell effects such as the presented correction factors. An example simulation of a finely detailed structure using this technique is presented. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Telomerase activity and expression of telomerase genes in squamous dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus
Authors: Yu Hong‐Ping , Xu Shun‐Qing , Lu Wen‐Hong , Li Yuan‐Yuan , Li Fang , Wang Xiao‐Li , Su Yan‐Hua 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBackgroundTelomerase maintains telomere length and is considered to be necessary for the indefinite proliferation of human cells. Activation of telomerase plays a key role in the malignant transformation process. The aim of this study was to study the regulation of telomerase, and to explore the possibility of telomerase as a biomarker in squamous carcinogenesis of the esophagus.MethodsTwenty‐nine esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) and its corresponding adjacent normal tissues, and 47 epithelial squamous dysplasia tissues were analyzed by the reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) technique for the mRNA expression of three major telomerase subunits: human telomerase RNA (hTR), telomerase protein component 1 (TP1), and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and by telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay (TRAP) for telomerase activity.ResultsFor the expression of hTR and TP1 mRNA, there were no significant differences among ESCC, dysplasia and normal tissues (P > 0.05). In contrast, hTERT mRNA expression was detected in 28 of 29 ESCC (96.6%), in 23 of 47 dysplasia (48.9%), and only in two of 29 normal tissues (7.5%). Telomerase activity was positive in 25 of 29 ESCC (86.2%), in 21 of 47 (44.7%) epithelial dysplasia tissues, and in none of normal tissue. All together, 95 of 105 cases (90.48%) were concordant for both results, i.e., telomerase activity positive and hTERT positive or telomerase activity negative and hTERT negative tissues, and telomerase activity correlated with hTERT mRNA expression (P < 0.001).ConclusionsHigher telomerase activity and hTERT mRNA expression were shown during an early stage in the esophageal carcinogenesis. Activation of telomerase activity was strongly correlated with hTERT mRNA expression, suggesting hTERT is a major regulator of telomerase activity, and telomerase activation may play a critical role in esophageal carcinogenesis. Therefore, telomerase, especially hTERT can be used as a potential molecular biomarker of ESCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;86:99–104. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor diagnosis preceding Parkinson's disease: A case–control study
Authors: D'Amelio Marco , Ragonese Paolo , Morgante Letterio , Epifanio Antonio , Callari Graziella , Salemi Giuseppe , Savettieri Giovanni 
Published: April 2004

AbstractLower cancer risk in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients compared to the general population has been reported. However, most of the studies were based on death certificates. We designed a case–control study to estimate the association of tumor preceding PD onset and PD. PD patients were matched by age and gender to PD‐free individuals, randomly selected from the municipalities of residence of cases. Occurrence of tumors preceding PD onset was assessed through a structured questionnaire. Neoplasms were categorized as benign, malignant, or of uncertain classification, and endocrine‐related or not. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated using conditional logistic regression and adjusted for tumor categories and risk factors. We included 222 PD patients. Frequency of cancer was 6.8% for cases, 12.6% for controls. PD patients had a decreased risk for neoplasms (adjusted OR, 0.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2–0.7). Risk was reduced only for women (adjusted OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1–0.7). PD patients had a decreased risk both for malignant (adjusted OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.1–2.5) and nonmalignant neoplasms (adjusted OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1–0.7). Still, risk was decreased for endocrine‐related tumors (adjusted OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1–0.9) and non–endocrine‐related tumors (adjusted OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.1–0.9). Our study confirms the inverse association between PD and neoplasms reported in previous epidemiologic studies. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Lack of chlorpromazine effect on skeletal muscle metabolism after ischemia and a short reperfusion period
Authors: Piccinato Carlos E. , Salles Roselino José E. , Massuda Carlos A. , Cherri Jesualdo 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe great resistance of muscle to ischemia was used to study blood flow‐dependent phenomena produced by anesthetic drugs in this condition. A short reperfusion period was used in order to favor metabolic changes indicative of an effect of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on blood flow. Gracilis muscles of dogs were submitted to 5 h of ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion. CPZ‐treated animals were injected I.V. (2 mg/kg) 10 min before the beginning of ischemia. Biopsies provided the material for tissue measurements. Lactate content and pH were determined in blood samples collected from a muscle efferent vein. In both the CPZ‐treated and nontreated groups, ischemia induced a decline in muscle glycogen content, with a corresponding increase in muscle lactate and a decrease in mitochondrial respiratory control ratio. After 30 min of reperfusion, tissue levels of lactate did not attain preischemic values but showed a clear decline in the two experimental groups, evidencing the reversible state of the muscle. All other metabolic parameters remained unchanged. Mitochondrial respiratory control remained functional during ischemia and reperfusion. Blood pH displayed similar changes in both groups. There was no metabolic indication that the drug affected blood flow during early reperfusion and/or of a greater sensitivity of muscle endothelial cells to anesthetic drugs. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cycle‐dependent endometrial expression and hormonal regulation of the fibulin‐1 gene
Authors: Haendler Bernard , Yamanouchi Hiroshi , Lessey Bruce A. , Chwalisz Kristof , Hess‐Stumpp Holger 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFibulin‐1 is a secreted protein associated with elastic matrix fibres and basement membranes. It plays a role in stabilizing blood vessels and can also regulate cell motility and invasiveness. We studied the regulation of the fibulin‐1 gene in the rat and human endometrium, an organ where cyclic tissue remodeling and angiogenesis take place. The rat fibulin‐1C and ‐1D‐specific DNA sequences were first identified and a comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with the mouse and human counterparts showed a very strong conservation. The exon–intron structure was also maintained. Primers were derived for RT‐PCR analysis of fibulin‐1 expression in rat endometrium. The highest levels of fibulin‐1C and ‐1D transcripts were measured at metestrous and diestrous, and in early pregnancy at day 3 post‐coitum. In vivo studies showed stimulation of endometrial fibulin‐1D expression after estrogen application, an effect prevented by parallel treatment with progesterone. Analysis of human endometrial tissues indicated that the fibulin‐1D transcript levels were higher during the mid‐secretory phase than during the proliferative and early secretory phases. Cultured human endometrial stromal cells treated with progesterone responded with a dramatic increase of fibulin‐1 protein expression. This was enhanced by parallel treatment with epidermal growth factor and prevented by application of the antiprogestin RU486. Altogether the results show a cycle‐dependent regulation of endometrial fibulin‐1 expression controlled by both progesterone and estrogen. Based on its implication in tissue remodeling and angiogenesis, fibulin‐1 may play an important role in endometrial receptivity for embryo implantation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 68: 279–287, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.