bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal Anemia of Inflammation and Adverse Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes in India
Authors: Finkelstein Julia L. , Kurpad Anura V. , Thomas Tinku , Srinivasan Krishnamachari , Duggan Christopher 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency, and anemia of inflammation (AI) during pregnancy and their associations with adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in women in India.MethodsA total of 366 women participating in a vitamin B12 supplementation trial in India were monitored to assess hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF), hepcidin, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and alpha‐1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) during pregnancy. All women received daily iron‐folic acid supplementation during pregnancy. Binomial and linear regression models were used to examine the associations of maternal hematological status and pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.Results30% of mothers were anemic (Hb<11.0 g/dL), 48% were iron deficient (SF<15.0 μg/L), and 23% had iron deficiency anemia (IDA) at their first prenatal visit. The prevalence of inflammation (CRP>5 mg/L: 17%; AGP>1.0 g/L: 11%) and AI (Hb<11.0 g/dL, SF>15.0 μg/L, plus CRP>5 mg/L or AGP>1.0 g/L: 2%) was relatively low. Maternal hemoglobin concentrations were associated with significantly higher birth weight (p=0.02) and gestational age at delivery (p=0.001), lower risk of preterm delivery (<37 weeks; RR: 0.76 (95% CI: 0.63–0.91); p=0.003); and higher WAZ scores (p=0.02) and MUAC (p=0.002) in multivariate analyses, including gestational age at sample collection, vitamin B12 intervention, maternal body mass index, socioeconomic status, and inflammation. Women who were anemic at enrollment had a two‐fold higher risk of low birth weight (<2,500 g; RR: 2.10 (95% CI: 1.18–3.74); p=0.01), preterm delivery (<37 weeks; RR: 2.67 (95% CI: 1.43–5.00); p=0.002), and underweight (WAZ<‐2; RR: 2.11 (95% CI: 1.13–3.93); p=0.02); and lower MUAC (p=0.03). IDA was associated with higher risk of low birth weight (RR: 1.99 (95% CI: 1.08–3.68); p=0.03) and preterm birth (RR: 3.48 (95% CI: 1.82–6.64); p=0.0002); and lower WAZ scores (p=0.02).ConclusionsAnemia and iron deficiency were common early in pregnancy, and associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. A comprehensive approach to prevent anemia and iron deficiency is needed in women of reproductive age to enhance pre‐pregnancy hematological status and improve maternal and child health outcomes.Support or Funding InformationNational Institutes of Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Harvard University
Overweight and Obesity Prevalence is High among Non‐pregnant Women of Reproductive Age in Eight Countries and Positively Associated with Circulating Acute Phase Protein Concentrations
Authors: Williams Anne Michal , Addo Yaw , Namaste Sorrel , Suchdev Parminder S , Flores‐Ayala Rafael C 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundInterventions to address obesity and overweight are needed due to established health risks and increasing prevalence globally. There is chronic low‐grade inflammation associated with obesity, which itself has negative health consequences. Less is known about the association between overweight and inflammatory biomarkers.ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity in non‐pregnant women of reproductive age (WRA, 15–49 years old) from nine recent nationally representative nutrition surveys, and to evaluate the associations between obesity, overweight and acute phase proteins (APPs).MethodsSurvey data was compiled for the BRINDA project, and 8 countries included anthropometry and biomarker data for WRA: Cameroon, Colombia, Cote d'Ivoire, Georgia, Laos, Mexico (2 discrete surveys), Papa New Guinea, and the United States (n=23,416). Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) ≥ 30 and overweight as 25 ≤ BMI < 30. Logistic regression was used to model the associations between (1) obesity, (2) obesity and overweight, and elevated alpha‐1 acid glycoprotein (AGP > 1 g/L) and C‐reactive protein (CRP > 5 mg/L). Adjusted models included socio‐economic status, maternal education, and age. Robust standard errors were used to account for correlation at the country level and complex survey design effects (weighting and probability sampling) were used to produce weighted, nationally representative results.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight (27.8%) and obesity (21.2%) exceeded the prevalence of normal BMI (46.0%); only 5% of WRA were underweight. The range of overweight plus obesity across countries ranged from 12.9% (Laos) to 66.5% (Mexico, 2012). Obesity was positively associated with elevated APPs [adjusted prevalence ratio aPR (95% CI) AGP (g/L): 2.1 (1.1, 3.9), CRP (mg/L): 2.6 (2.2, 3.1)], controlling for age (yr, CRP model only), socio‐economic status, and education. The effects of elevated APPs are attenuated when using overweight or obesity as the outcome: aPR (95% CI) AGP (g/L): 1.2 (0.9, 1.6), CRP (mg/L): 1.7 (1.4, 2.1).ConclusionOverweight and obesity prevalence is high among non‐pregnant women of reproductive age in eight countries and positively associated with circulating acute phase protein concentrations. We recommend that interventions to address overweight and obesity and efforts to monitor these trends measure APP concentrations.Support or Funding InformationResearch support: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, CDC, GAIN, NICHD
Quasi‐experimental feeding study in patients admitted for elective gastrointestinal surgery at Bach Mai Hospital (BMH), Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Huong PTT , Lam NT , Thu NT , Anh NQ , Hoc TH , Lien DTK , Gura Kathleen , Ziegler Thomas R. , Plourde Kendra , Young Lorraine S. 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo determine the feasibility of a multidisciplinary comprehensive feeding intervention to improve the perioperative intake of calories and proteins in patients admitted for elective gastro‐intestinal surgery in a referral hospital. Secondary outcomes examined included feeding route and anthropometrics.MethodsThis is a three‐month quasi‐experimental study of consecutive patients admitted for GI surgery receiving standard hospital nutrition care (n= 46) in 2013 vs. a comprehensive feeding protocol (n=62) in 2014 (Fig. 1). ASPEN nutrition guidelines were used. Data included age, sex, mid‐upper‐arm circumference, weight, height, dietary intake, feeding route, length of stay, and post‐op complications. Calories and protein intake were calculated using a Vietnam Food Analysis software developed by the National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Vietnam. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated in kg/m2 and classified using WHO references. Descriptive analysis and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used.ResultsParticipants in the standard group were 55.5±14.8 y, 52% female, had a BMI of 18.8±2.7 kg/m2, and length of stay (LOS) was 12.6±5.6 days. Their pre‐op weight, height, and BMI were similar but they differed by MUAC (23.2±3.0 vs. 25.0±2.4 mm, p<0.0001). The intervention group received 30±6 kcals/kg and 1.37±0.27 g protein/kg vs. 15±6 kcals/kg and 0.61±0.26g protein/kg), p<0.0001 in the standard group. Parenteral nutrition was discontinued on day 5 in 61(100%) patients in the intervention vs. 28(65%) in the standard group (P<0.0001). Although there was no significant change in weight and MUAC during the hospitalization, more subjects lost greater than 10 % weight (n=4/46, 91%) in the intervention vs. the standard group (n=62 (100%), p=0.031). No adverse events were identified.ConclusionsThe implementation of an evidence‐based nutrition support feeding protocol is feasible in Vietnam. This study illustrates the impact a multifaceted approach including service, education, and research can have on improving hospital based clinical nutrition in Vietnam.Support or Funding InformationThis study was performed with the Abbott Fund Institute of Nutrition Science: a partnership between Boston University School of Medicine, BMH, the National Institute of Nutrition, Hanoi Medical University, and the Abbott Fund, the philanthropic foundation of Abbott, to advance nutrition care in Vietnam hospitals.
Barriers for Science Outreach Regarding Nutrition and Food Safety: A Qualitative Study of Teenagers in Chongqing City, China
Authors: Xiang Zexin , Wang Youfa , Song Taixia , Zhou Jiyong , He Junlin , Zhang Yong 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesTo explore the SOA (science outreach activity) barriers to teenagers who are usually the most common target populations of SOA when considering their eating habit formation and their unique characteristics including the many challenges they are facing.Methodswe randomly selected four senior middle school classes in Chongqing, the large city in China with a population of about 36 million residents. Three of the 4 classes were chosen as the intervention groups; three different types of SOAs regarding nutrition and food safety were given to each group. The fourth class served as control. We conducted 7 semi‐structured focus group discussions, twice, before and after 6 months’ SOA, in each of 3 intervention groups, but only once in control group; each discussion group had 8 subjects.ResultsWe found the SOA regarding nutrition and food safety had little influence on teenagers although they voiced strong interesting before SOA. “Weak demands” in SOA practice, along with lack of time and strick SOA contents were the major barriers.ConclusionTeenagers had high elastic demands, challenging SOA regarding nutrition and food safety to maintain and cater to their demands. Future SOA for teenagers may involve efforts from teachers, parents and peers, and also need to include fun activities to increase their interest.Support or Funding Informationthe China Association for Science and Technology (2012KPIP207) and NIH U54 center grant(HD070725)
“Prospera” Program impact on hemoglobin concentration in children less than five years old from San Luis Potosí State
Authors: Levy Teresa Shamah , Pineda Elsa Berenice Gaona , Nasu Lucia Cuevas , Gómez‐Humarán Ignacio Méndez , Hernández Salvador Villalpando 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo assess the “PROSPERA” program impact over hemoglobin concentrations in a 14‐month follow‐up panel of children less than five years old.MethodsA follow up was realized in 400 and 325 children from 1 to 3 years old beneficiaries of PROSPERA program and controls respectively. For hemoglobin measurement a capillary blood sample was obtained from ring finger and determined through a HemoCue portable photometer. Cutoff criteria for anemia were the proposed by the WHO, adjusting by attitude using Cohen & Hass algorithms. Hemoglobin cutoff value was as follows: 110g/l (based on WHO reference).Resultsat the beginning of the study, the anemia prevalence was significantly higher in the PROSPERA group when compared to the control, (41.5 vs 29.6%, p=0.001) this trend was the same during intermediate stage and disappeared at the end of the study. PROSPERA program impact over hemoglobin concentrations was slightly positive. Moreover it was observed that when the time of belonging to the program increased the hemoglobin concentrations also raised.ConclusionsPROSPERA program was capable of increase the hemoglobin concentrations and impact in the anemia prevalence in the beneficiary children. This led us to recommend the intake of iron‐rich foods, along with a more diverse diet promoted by meat –and other foods with heme‐iron‐ introduction (maybe through the supplements provided by the program).Support or Funding InformationSupported by FOMIX SLP. Project: FMSLP‐213‐C02‐208475
Effects of text message intervention on infant growth and anemia at 6 and 12 months old
Authors: Lai Jianqiang , Duan Yifan , Jia Weijun , Jiang Shan , Pang Xuehong , Bi Ye , Wang Jie , Yin Shian , Yang Zhenyu 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of delivering feeding knowledge using cell phone text message on infant growth and anemia at 6 and 12 months.MethodsA community‐based intervention study was conducted in four community health centers in Baotou, China, one of which was the intervention community and the other three were the control communities. Pregnant women were recruited from perinatal care center. In the intervention group, infant feeding knowledge was sent to the subjects by the health workers using text messages. Meanwhile, no intervention was given in the control group. The growth status and anemia prevalence were assessed at 6 and 12 months in both groups.ResultsTotally 174 dyads of mothers and infants completed the study, of which 83 were in the intervention group and 91 were in the control group. After controlling for potential confounders, the length‐for‐age Z score (LAZ), head circumference‐for‐age Z score (HCZ) and hemoglobin content were significantly greater in the intervention group (0.71±1.3, 0.08±1.04, 12.4 ±0.9 g/dL respectively) than in the control group (0.32±1.82, −0.29±1.24, 11.8 ±1.1 g/dL, respectively) at 6 month old (all p<0.05). The prevalence of stunting (p< 0.01), overweight and obesity (p = 0.02), and anemia (p< 0.01) were significantly lower in the intervention group ( 0 vs 12.0%, 3.6% vs 13.3%, 10.8% vs 52.8%, respectively). At 12 months of age, LAZ was marginally significantly greater and the prevalence of anemia was significantly higher in the intervention group (0.73±1.11, 35.6%, respectively) than in the control group (0.43±1.24, 16.4% respectively).ConclusionsUsing cell phone text messages to deliver infant feeding knowledge may improve the growth and anemia status of infants aged 6 month. Further studies are warranted for scaling‐up.Support or Funding InformationThe Project Sponsored by the Young Scholar Scientific Research Foundation of China CDC.
Portioning foods and beverages for toddlers and preschool children
Authors: Jacquier Emma , Gatrell Anthony , Bingley Amanda 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveYoung children, particularly in the years before going to school, depend on caregivers to choose and prepare healthy foods and beverages on their behalf. Little is known about caregiver experiences, attitudes and perceptions about the portioning of foods and beverages for toddlers and preschool children in Switzerland. This research aims to provide an understanding of the lived experience when caregivers portion food and beverages for young children.MethodsIn‐depth, in‐home interviews (n=17) were conducted with male and female caregivers (14 = female, 3 = male, ages = 20–46y, low to high income) in Switzerland. The model, “Food Choice Process over the Life Course”, was used as a theoretical framework. The interviews explored experiences, attitudes and perceptions about the provision of foods and beverages to children (1–5y). Interview transcripts underwent a thematic analysis and key themes were developed from the data.ResultsCaregivers found it difficult to communicate and express how they portioned foods, yet provided numerical estimates for the volume of beverages consumed. They struggled to describe how they knew how much food to serve. Participants either stated that they made an estimation of their child's perceived appetite and tried to anticipate what the child could finish, or, they served food according to size of the plate, or, they simply guessed what a child's portion should be. Conversely, caregivers gave numerical estimates (mL or dL) of the beverages consumed and were also able to estimate, numerically, the volume of water, juice and milk consumed throughout the course of the day.Conclusions and ImplicationsThis study contributes to the understanding of how caregivers portion foods and beverages for toddlers and preschool children. It demonstrates that caregivers use tacit knowledge when determining food portion sizes for their children. A deeper understanding about the conscious awareness of the degree of a child's appetite warrants further research. Numerical volume estimates of beverages served, and consumed, indicate the use of explicit knowledge when estimating beverage portions. Further research may shed light on the extent to which parental estimates of beverage portions prepared and consumed reflect actual consumption. In addition research is warranted to explore how parents should estimate food and beverage portions in the home and what the best practices may be.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported with funding from NESTEC S.A., Switzerland
Omega‐3 deprivation enhance anxiety‐like behaviors after abstinence from chronic cocaine consumption: possible synergistical effect of cocaine and nutrition
Authors: Serrano Sergio , Rodriguez Natalia , Geste Jean Roussel , Pompilus Marjory , Wickensonn Norze , Maldonado‐Vlaar Carmen 
Published: November 2023

Adolescence is a transition process that is crucial for brain maturation. Insults during this critical period can permanently damage or alter the brain's normal structure and function in adulthood. Deficiencies of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially omega‐3 (ω‐3), are proposed to play a critical role during these sensitive periods, predisposing individuals to behavioral and cognitive deficits. The objective of the present study was to assess whether nutritional ω‐3 deprivation from pre‐puberty to adulthood would lead to changes in addictive behaviors increasing the potential of anxiety and cocaine self‐administration (SA). Male Sprague‐Dawley rats (P21) were randomly assigned to one of two diet groups: standard rodent lab chow (n=8) or low ω‐3 rodent lab chow (n=11). The groups began both diets upon their arrival to the animal house and continued it until the end of the experiment. Lever‐pressing activity under a fixed‐ratio schedule was recorded for statistical analysis. Following the self‐administration experiment, anxiogenic‐like behaviors were evaluated using the elevated plus maze test (EPM). Prolonged dietary deprivation of ω‐3 did not exert any significant effect in lever‐pressing activity through the acquisition, extinction, or reinstatement phases. However, ω‐3‐deficient animals showed enhanced anxiety‐like behaviors after 14 days of cocaine abstinence. Based on our results, we can speculate that ω‐3‐deficient rats and chronic cocaine consumption might synergistically influence the stress susceptibility, consequently modulating the incidence of stress‐related behaviors. Considering our results, it will be appealing to determine whether these behavioral aspects, which are highly comorbid with addiction, could contribute or intensify the stress‐induced reinstatement. Nevertheless, we cannot exclude the possibility of dissimilar outcomes with other addictive drugs and/or behaviors that might be also influenced. Future experiments need to examine a higher drug concentration, prolonged diet consumption, and extended time‐examination period to arrive at a more definite conclusion.Support or Funding InformationNIH‐RISE (2R25GM061151‐13), FIPI (120051574)
Micronutrient Intake and Supplement Use in Infants and Toddler from a WIC Clinic in Puerto Rico
Authors: Amaro‐Rivera Kiara Y. , Ríos Elaine , Sinigaglia Olga , Díaz Beatriz , Campos Maribel , Palacios Cristina 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo calculate micronutrient adequacy among infants based on the Estimated Average Requirements (or Adequate Intake) as established by the Institute of Medicine and to determine the contribution of supplements to this adequacy.MethodsA convenience sample of 254 infants aged 0–24 months (m) from a WIC clinic in Puerto Rico was used in this study. Micronutrient intake was calculated from foods and from supplements using two non‐consecutive 24‐hour recalls. The sample was divided into three age groups: 0–6 m (n=106), 7–12 m (n=71), and 13–24 m (n=77) and intake was compared between users and non‐users of supplements using Student's t‐test. Percentage adequacy was estimated for each age group and by type of feeding (breastfeeding, formula feeding, or combination of both).ResultsOverall, the prevalence of dietary supplement use among the sample was 14.6% (9.4% in 0–6 m, 12.7% in 7–12 m, and 23.4% in 13–24 m). Intake of most micronutrients from foods was above the recommendation, except for vitamin D in infants 0–12 m and vitamins D, E, K and potassium in infants 13–24 m. When compared by feeding type, vitamins D and E were below the recommendation in breastfed infants while formula‐fed infants almost achieved the vitamin D recommendation. When supplements were taken into account, all micronutrients reached the recommendation, even breastfed infants, except vitamin K and potassium in those 13–24 m. The upper limits (UL) were exceeded for vitamin A in all age groups and niacin and folate in infants 13–24 m. As most micronutrients do not have an UL for infants, we also calculated those that exceeded the recommendation by >300%. From foods, these were vitamins K, B3, B6, B12, and iron in infants 0–6 m; vitamins K, B12, and copper in infants 7–12 and vitamins C, B2, B12, and iron in infants 13–24 m. From foods + supplements, about half were consumed by >300%.ConclusionSupplements helped achieve nutrient intake adequacy for vitamin D in the study sample. In infants 0–12 m, the overall consumption of micronutrients was above the recommendation. In toddlers 13–24 m, the consumption of vitamin K and potassium were below the recommendation even with the use of supplements. Certain micronutrients were consumed in very high amounts, although only vitamin A, niacin, and folate in older infants were above the UL. It is important to understand these patterns, as it may be indicative of future nutritional deficiencies and excesses.
Public health monitoring of weight change, in addition to weight status, in child care centers
Authors: Stookey Jodi , Tao‐Lew Lisa , Arana Tito , Evans Jane 
Published: November 2023

Child care centers, nationwide, conduct health screenings each Fall and Spring, but systematically report only the Fall prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity. This analysis used health screening data collected by the San Francisco Department of Public Health, Child Care Health Program to consider monitoring of Fall‐Spring weight change in childcare centers, in addition to Fall weight status, for public health needs assessment and program evaluation.Measured height and weight were used to estimate the Fall prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI percentile≥85%) for children screened, ages 3–4 years, in 2012 (n=1,147), 2013 (n=1,093), and 2014 (n=1,052). Each year, Fall‐Spring weight change data were available for 935, 871, and 763 children, respectively. Over time, the Fall prevalence of overweight and obesity did not decrease (24% in 2012, 27% in 2013, and 28% in 2014). The Fall‐Spring incidence of overweight and obesity decreased from 8% in 2012–2013, to 6% in 2013–2014, to 5% in 2014–2015. Among children who were overweight or obese in the Fall, the proportion who became normal weight by Spring increased from 15% in 2012–2013 to 22% in 2013–2014, and 21% in 2014–2015.The weight status and weight change data signal different intervention potential. The Fall prevalence results imply need for pre‐enrollment intervention for children <3y. The decreasing incidence and increasing case resolution suggest improving obesity prevention and treatment for enrolled children, ages 3–4y. The results warrant consideration of 6‐month weight change as a field to include in automated health screening report templates, along with Fall weight status.Support or Funding InformationRoutine public health surveillance