bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Third surgery of Ahmed valve tube exposure: A case report
Authors: Fabra Yolanda Cifre , Prades Gemma Ortega , Parot Álvaro Andrés Ojeda , Pérez‐Torregrosa Vicente T. , Duch‐Samper Antonio M. 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: Exposure of the glaucoma drainage devices tube is one of the main postsurgical complications, and it is important not to delay treatment in order to avoid serious situations such as endophthalmitis. Our aim is to report a case of a patient with an Ahmed valve tube exposure who had undergone two previous surgeries unsuccessfully.Methods: We present the case of a 71‐year‐old male patient with diabetic retinopathy with an Ahmed valve in his left eye for 4 years due to neovascular glaucoma. In the first surgery the tube was positioned in the posterior chamber. After two months, displacement of the tube was observed so it was repositioned in anterior chamber with apposition of Ologen® on temporal, superior sclera. Three years later, exposure of the valve tube was seen and it was covered with Tutopatch® and conjunctiva. Recently, on examination, exposure of the valve tube was observed once again. We removed the epithelial cells from the scleral bed with absolute alcohol, after that we revitalized the conjunctival borders of the wound and covered the tube with fascia lata. Finally, we sutured the conjunctiva without tension.Results: At the moment, the tube remains covered and the superior temporal conjunctiva has a good appearance.Conclusions: Different repair techniques are described in the bibliography, such as conjunctiva covering, grafting of different materials, repositioning of the tube with grafting, valve removal and implantation in a different quadrant and even definitive removal of the valve. In our case we used a fascia lata graft, which is associated with a lower risk of subsequent exposure. The previous preparation of the scleral bed and the edges of the conjunctiva, as well as a conjunctival suture free of tension and traction are key to obtaining a good result.
Progression risk factors in glaucoma patients with disc haemorrhage
Authors: Lee Ji Young , Choi Jin A. 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: In this study, we investigated the clinical characteristics of disc haemorrhage relating to hemodynamic factors and their impact on glaucoma progression.Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study, including 81 eyes with open angle glaucoma accompanying DH. Eyes were classified as non‐recurrent DH and recurrent DH. Eyes with recurrent DH were sub‐classified into three groups according to the location of DH. Visual field progression was determined by event‐based analysis using the Guided Progression Analysis (GPA) software. The coefficient of variation (CV) of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) was used to measure visit‐to‐visit variability. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were used to compare the cumulative risk ratio of progression between groups.Results: Recurrent DH group showed a significantly higher systolic and diastolic BP (p = 0.014 and 0.021, respectively), with higher proportion of VF progression (p = 0.019), compared to non‐recurrent DH group. Particularly, female with recurrent DH showed highest cumulative probability of VF progression (p = 0.047, Log‐rank test). Recurrent DH at a different quadrant showed a greater cumulative probability of VF progression than non‐recurrent DH group (p = 0.038, Log‐rank test). In the Cox regression analyses, higher visit‐to visit variability of diastolic BP, female gender, recurrence DH in a different quadrant significantly contributed the progression of glaucoma.Conclusions: The presence of recurrent DH was associated with elevated systolic and diastolic BP, while increased visit‐to visit variability in diastolic BP was linked to the progression of glaucoma. Our study emphasize the role of hemodynamic factors in the pathogenesis of DH in glaucoma.
Brachial artery FMD and carotid artery IMT in glaucoma
Authors: Rogosic Veljko , Rogosic Lucija Vanjaka , Frankovic Andro , Kabic Sime 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the ultrasound measurements of the brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid artery intima‐media thickness (IMT) and their relationship in glaucoma patients.Methods: Thirty‐seven patients with glaucoma and thirty‐one healthy controls were included in the study. All glaucoma patients and controls underwent ultrasound measurement of FMD of the brachial artery and ultrasound measurement of IMT of the carotid artery.Results: The mean values of brachial FMD were significantly lower among the glaucoma compared with controls (15.3 ± 9.5% vs 19.8 ± 9.3%, p = 0.04). No significant difference was found in carotid IMT (1.2 ± 0.4 vs. 1.1 ± 0.3, p = 0.4), and brachial artery diameter at rest (4.7 ± 0.6 vs. 4.9 ± 0.3, p = 0.2) between the glaucoma patients and controls. The significant difference in brachial artery diameter in hyperemia between the glaucoma patients and controls (5.4 ± 0.6 vs. 5.9 ± 0.4, p = 0.002) was found. A negative correlation among brachial FMD and carotid IMT as well as among brachial FMD and brachial artery diameter at rest was found.Conclusions: Impaired brachial FMD indicates presence of systemic vascular endothelial dysfunction in glaucoma; glaucoma patients with lower values of the brachial FMD are at increased risk of having thickened carotid IMT.
The impact of COVID‐19 on the wait times and severity of surgical glaucoma cases evaluated at a tertiary eye center
Authors: Zhang Huixin , McIntyre Sarah , Abu‐Dieh Anas , Toren Andrew 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: COVID‐19 has caused shortages in health services worldwide. In Canada, this led to a relocation of medical staff, which paradoxically acted as potential barriers to access to care when considering the significant delays reported in elective surgeries. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of pandemic related delays on the wait times and severity of surgical glaucoma cases in a single tertiary referral center in Quebec, Canada.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 182 and 201 eyes of patients who underwent glaucoma surgery at Hôpital Saint‐Sacrement, Quebec City, between the periods of March 1 to June 30, 2019 (pre‐pandemic) and 2021 (pandemic), were included. Severity data included mean visual field deficit, intraocular pressure (IOP), number of drops, and preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). The times from referral to surgery (referral time) and from listing date to surgery (listing time) were calculated.Results: Visual field deficit was −11.6 ± 7.7 dB in 2019 versus −11.6 ± 7.5 dB in 2021 (p = 0.92). Mean preoperative IOP was 21.1 ± 9.70 mmHg in 2019 versus 20.0 ± 9.52 mmHg in 2021 (p = 0.25). The mean MAVC in the affected eye was 0.60 ± 0.72 LogMAR in 2019 versus 0.55 ± 0.73 LogMAR (p = 0.07). The mean number of preoperative drop classes was 3 ± 1 in both groups (p = 0.56). The mean number of patients referred with oral glaucoma medication increased from 45 to 70 in 2019 and 2021 respectively (p = 0.03). Time to consultation was 122 ± 120 days in 2019 versus 144 ± 136 days in 2021 (p = 0.17), whereas time to list was 48 ± 57 days in 2019 versus 38 ± 43 days in 2021 (p = 0.05).Conclusions: There were no statistically significant differences in the severity of surgical glaucoma cases operated on during the pandemic. Waiting list time decreased, possibly secondary to the prioritization of more urgent glaucoma cases over other ophthalmic surgeries. These reassuring data suggest that the barriers of the pandemic did not lead to a severe worsening of access to care for surgical glaucoma patients.ReferencesFelfeli, Tina et al. The ophthalmic surgical backlog associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic: a population‐based and microsimulation modelling study. CMAJ Open. vol.9 (4) 1063–1072. 23 Nov. 2021, https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20210145
Comparison between optic nerve head minimal waist of the nerve fibre layer and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness with regard to angular distribution
Authors: Soderberg Per , Holm Jonatan , Kisonaite Konstancija , Yu Zhaohua 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: To compare angular distribution of the minimal waist of the nerve fibre layer in the ONH, Pigment epithelium central limit‐Inner limit of the retina‐Minimal distance (PIMD) and Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (Rnfl) in not pathological eyes.Methods: Altogether, one eye from each of 17 subjects were included. SS‐OCT of the optic nerve head with vicinity was captured 3 times in each subject with Triton (Topcon, Japan). PIMD was resolved in 500 angles in the frontal plane. Rnfl‐angle estimates were provided by the Topcon software integrated over 30 degrees steps in the frontal plane. The corresponding PIMD steps were estimated by averaging the corresponding steps in the frontal plane. For each step, the 3 iterated captures were averaged. The mean difference between PIMD and Rnfl, respectively averaged over 2π radians was estimated. The angular distribution of PIMD‐angle and Rnfl‐angle were compared using cross correlation over ±130 degrees (+: upper half. ‐: lower half).Results: The mean difference between PIMD and Rnfl estimates averaged over angle within subject and then over subjects was CIμ(0.95) = 228 ± 8 um (d.f. = 16). In 16/17 subjects the angular distribution in the upper half was correlated in 16/17 and in 16/17 the lower half was correlated. The lack of correlation for the upper and lower half, respectively, was present in different eyes.Conclusions: The collection of nerve fibres in the ONH increases the thickness at the waist in the ONH on an average 2.8 times. The angular distribution of PIMD and Rnfl is usually completely correlated in not pathological eyes but deviations occur. Thicker PIMD than Rnfl provides a wider dynamic range for PIMD to detect change due to glaucoma.References1. Kisonaite K, Yu Z, Raeme F, Bendazzoli SB, Wang C, Söderberg PG Automatic estimation of the cross‐sectional area of the waist of the nerve fibre layer at the optic nerve head Acta Ophthalmol 2023; Online ahead of print.: 1–8, DOI:10.1111/aos.15698
Protective effects of neuropeptide Y treatment on retina in a mouse model of experimental glaucoma
Authors: Palanivel Viswanthram , Basavarajappa Devaraj , Gupta Vivek , Graham Stuart 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an endogenous 36‐amino acid linear peptide with tyrosine residues on both ends of the molecule. Cumulative evidence suggests that NPY and its receptors in the CNS may be a potential neuroprotective targets in various degenerative conditions. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of NPY in the retina in an experimentally induced glaucoma animal model.Methods: Weekly intracameral microbead injections were performed to induce sustainably increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and NPY was administered intravitreally for 2 months. Wild‐type C57BL/6J mice (n = 40) were categorized into four major groups i) control, ii) control + NPY, iii) high IOP model, & iv) high IOP + NPY. Inner retinal function was evaluated by using positive scotopic threshold response (pSTR) amplitudes. Eye and optic nerve sections were then immunostained with pNFH (phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain), GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and Iba‐1(Ionized calcium‐binding adaptor molecule 1) antibodies to understand the protective effects of NPY treatment.Results: IOP elevation was observed in the microbead model (control, 10.5 ± 0.75; microbead, 27.35 ± 1.92 mmHg). Functional data revealed a significant decline in the pSTR amplitudes in high IOP conditions (p < 0.0001, n = 10) compared to the control group, and a significant increase in pSTR was observed in the high IOP + NPY group (p < 0.001, n = 10). Optic nerves stained with pNFH revealed a significant protective effect of NPY treatment against high IOP‐induced axonal damage (p < 0.01, n = 4). Increased GFAP expression observed in high IOP condition was significantly decreased with NPY treatment both in the retina (p < 0.001, n = 4) and optic nerves (p < 0.01, n = 4). Similarly, microglial activation evaluated by Iba‐1 expression was also significantly decreased by NPY treatment both in the retina (p < 0.01, n = 4) and optic nerves (p < 0.01, n = 4).Conclusions: NPY treatment significantly reduced inner retinal functional loss and optic nerve damage against high IOP‐induced glaucomatous injury. NPY also reduced the microglial activation and reactive gliosis in experimental glaucoma. Our ongoing investigation will reveal specific NPY receptors activation and biochemical mechanism underlying these protective effects in the retina.
Primary open‐angle glaucoma and its relationship with smoking: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ramji Saajan , Daniel Sohail , Kailani Obeda 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: Glaucoma is one of the major global causes of irreversible blindness. Numerous studies have investigated the relationship between smoking and (the risk of developing) primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG), yet two prior meta‐analyses have reported contradictory findings. Consequently, the objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive update regarding the correlation between smoking and the occurrence of POAG.Methods: This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO, ID: CRD42023409440. A comprehensive search was carried out on EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases, encompassing articles published up until May 2023. The inclusion criteria comprised studies that provided a statistical analysis exploring the association between smoking and primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) in adult populations. After eliminating duplicate entries, 1596 articles were subjected to initial screening based on their titles and abstracts, of which 148 articles underwent full text screening. Data were extracted by two independent authors, and meta‐analyses were completed using Revman (version 5.4) software.Results: A total of 30 studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing cohort, case–control and cross‐sectional studies. The combined participant population across these studies was estimated to be approximately 300 000, with over 7300 cases of POAG. The results of the meta‐analysis revealed that individuals classified as current smokers, past smokers, as well as those who had both current and past smoking histories exhibited no statistically significant association with the occurrence of POAG when compared to individuals who had never smoked.Conclusions: Our meta‐analysis provides evidence to suggest that there is no causal relationship between smoking and primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG). However, considering the detrimental effects of smoking on ocular health, it remains imperative to advise patients on smoking cessation.
Morphology‐function correlation using available clinical parameters describing retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma suspects
Authors: Kocurek Bartłomiej , Kociołek Katarzyna , Pacwa Anna , Smedowski Adrian 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: To determine the morphology‐function correlation using optical coherence tomography (OCT), perimetry and photopic negative responses (PhNR) measurements in glaucoma suspects.Methods: The results of 155 patients who underwent static 24–2 Humphrey visual field test (Optopol), OCT (Optopol) and PhNR (RETeval) examinations were analysed. Patients were divided into two subgroups according to the PhNR wave implicit time, at the minimum value (n = 114) or at 72 ms (n = 41). From perimetry, the mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD) were analysed. From OCT, retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness were considered. From the PhNR test, the amplitude of the wave obtained using RETeval was analysed. For the correlation calculations, Spearman's test was used.Results: There was a significant, moderate correlation observed between PhNR at minimum value and PSD (r = 0.2145, p = 0.0006); weak correlations observed between PhNR at minimum value and MD (r = −0.1456, p = 0.0203), RNFL (r = −0.1355, p = 0.0204), GCC (r = −0.1199, p = 0.0406). In case of PhNR at 72 ms, significant moderate correlations were observed for PhNR at 72 ms and PSD (r = 0.2863, p < 0.0001), (RNFL r = −0.2754, p < 0.0001) and (GCC r = −0.2709, p < 0.0001); weak correlation was observed for PhNR at 72 ms and MD (r = −0.1662, p = 0.0219).Conclusions: Based on our analysis, it seems that PhNR at 72 ms correlates better with Retinal Ganglion Cells morphological measures in OCT (GCC and RNFL) and PhNR at minimum value correlates selectively with visual function measured with perimetric PSD exclusively, thus PhNR at minimum value may be more accurate coefficient to be used as a substitute of perimetric parameters.
What artificial intelligence can bring us in the diagnosis and progression of glaucoma
Authors: Ettouri Sara , Ghizlane Daghouj , Benchekroun Reda , El Hadi Kawtar , Lamiaa Arab , el Maaloum Loubna , Allali Bouchra , El Kettani Asmaa 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: Our goal is to focus on the contribution of artificial intelligence in glaucoma from diagnosis to progression.Methods: By a literature review, we will review work using AI in the field of glaucoma, whether for screening, diagnosis or detection of progression.Results: For the diagnosis: Recently, two papers were published reporting results of DL algorithms to diagnose glaucoma from Visual Field data. Several authors have evaluated AI‐based fundus photograph analysis for its utility for detecting glaucoma such as the study of Liu et al which grouped 241 032 images of 68 013 patients with a sensitivity of 96.2% and specificity of 87.2% also for analysing OCT imaging data from peripapillary RNFL thickness maps and the macular ganglion cell complex for discriminating between glaucomatous and normal eyes with AROC values ranging from 0.69 to 0.99. Prediction of IOP trends from previous data and medications would be a useful and plausible use of AI. For the progression of glaucoma: Multiclass support vector machines (SVMs), have been used to simultaneously discriminate between normal, non progressing, and progressing eyes through the analysis of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (CSLO) images with a correct classification rate of 88% .Conclusions: Many AI strategies have shown promising results for glaucoma detection using fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, or automated perimetry. The combination of these imaging modalities increases the performance of AI algorithms, with results comparable to those of humans. Research in the coming years will need to address unavoidable questions regarding the clinical significance of such results and the explicability of the predictions.References1. Mursch‐Edlmayr AS, Ng WS, Diniz‐Filho A, Sousa DC, Arnold L, Schlenker MB, et al. Artificial Intelligence Algorithms to Diagnose Glaucoma and Detect Glaucoma Progression: Translation to Clinical Practice. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 15 oct 2020.2. Li Z, He Y, Keel S, Meng W, Chang RT, He M. Efficacy of a Deep Learning System for Detecting Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy Based on Color Fundus Photographs. Ophthalmology. août 2018.
Artificial intelligence in glaucoma progression: A systematic review
Authors: Guirao‐Navarro Maria Concepcion , Lim Hong Kai , Antunes Diandra , Suribhatla Rhea , Jutley Gurjeet 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Effective assessment of glaucoma progression could facilitate timely interventions and improve prognosis. This systematic review aims to evaluate the use of machine learning (ML) in the detection and prediction of longitudinal glaucoma progression.Methods: An online search was conducted on 31.12.2022, and relevant studies were identified. Outcomes included ML maximum sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (MSSAUC) (mean (range)).Results: Of the 577 records initially identified, 40 studies with over 156 000 eyes were included. Overall, 30 studies included traditional ML methods, and 13 studies included representational methods. 28 studies used supervised ML, whilst 12 studies used unsupervised ML. 27 studies performed classification, and 16 studies included regression analysis. 11 studies evaluated structural glaucoma data, such as retinal nerve fibre layer thickness. Six studies detected glaucoma progression, with pooled MSSAUC of 68.9% (36.9–86.0), 80.5% (49.0–94.0) and 0.80 (0.60–0.91). Five studies predicted glaucoma progression, with pooled MSSAUC of 84.9% (81.0–93.0), 73.5% (59.0–91.7) and 0.82 (0.71–0.90). 23 studies evaluated functional visual field data. 10 studies detected glaucoma progression, with pooled MSSAUC of 74.8% (3.8–95.0), 94.3% (90.0–98.1) and 0.89 (0.82–0.94). Four studies predicted glaucoma progression, with pooled MSSAUC of 52.2% (20.0–72.0), 72.3% (49.0–95.0) and 0.73 (0.44–0.86). Eight studies combined structural and functional data. Two studies detected glaucoma progression and six studies predicted glaucoma progression, with pooled MSSAUC of 66.6% (44.2–83.7), 90.0% (85.0–100%) and 0.79 (0.61–0.88).Conclusions: ML detection and prediction of longitudinal glaucoma progression is highly accurate. However, there is significant heterogeneity in ML methodologies. Standardization is needed for robust evidence of the clinical utility of ML.
Syndromic congenital glaucoma clinical features and therapeutic results
Authors: Imad Hanane , Assia E. L. Harrar , Alaoui Hamza , Daghouj Ghizlane , Loubna El Maaloum , Bouchra Allali , Asmaa El Kettani 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: The objective is to study the clinical particularities and the results therapies.Methods: This is a retrospective study of 15 children (25 eyes) since 2012 until 2021 at the paediatric ophthalmology department of the August 20 hospital from Casablanca‐Morocco.Results: In our study, there were 15 cases including 9 cases (13 eyes) of syndrome of Sturge weber Krabb, 2 cases (4 eyes) of Axenfield Reiger syndrome, 2 case (4 eyes) of Peters syndrome 1 case (2 eyes) of lower syndrome, 1 case (2 eyes) of polymalformative syndrome (cardiopathy, pulmonary stenosis, bilateral femoral epiphyseal dysplasia). The average age is 8 years with a sex ratio of 1.7, the notion of inbreeding exists in 43%. The warning sign was buphthalmos in 72% of cases, on clinical examination the cornea was edematous in 60% of cases with an average diameter 13.2 mm corneal, with anterior iris synechiae in 32% of cases, bilateral cataract in 4% of cases, persistence of primary vascularization in 4% of cases and an average of excavation of 7/10, an average TO at 34 mmHg. The most common systemic abnormalities were facial angioma (56%), epilepsy (41%) and mental retardation (30%).Treatment was trabeculectomy in 96% of cases associated with medical treatment in 100% of cases.Conclusions: It is a rare, blinding pathology, the clinical forms of which are numerous with complex ocular and general malformations, which can pose etiological and therapeutic problems that are difficult.References1. Kenyon KR. Mesenchymal dysgenesis in Peters' anomaly, sclerocornea and congenital endothelial dystrophy. Exp Eye Res 1975; 21: 125–42.2. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1958; 56: 507–70 ‐ PubMed.