bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2D Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets based on Pd‐TCPP as Photocatalysts for Highly Improved Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Kim Ji Hyeon , Wu Siming , Zdrazil Lukas , Denisov Nikita , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this report, a 2D MOF nanosheet derived Pd single‐atom catalyst, denoted as Pd‐MOF, was fabricated and examined for visible light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This Pd‐MOF can provide a remarkable photocatalytic activity (a H2 production rate of 21.3 mmol/gh in the visible range), which outperforms recently reported Pt‐MOFs (with a H2 production rate of 6.6 mmol/gh) with a similar noble metal loading. Notably, this high efficiency of Pd‐MOF is not due to different chemical environment of the metal center, nor by changes in the spectral light absorption. The higher performance of the Pd‐MOF in comparison to the analogue Pt‐MOF is attributed to the longer lifetime of the photogenerated electron‐hole pairs and higher charge transfer efficiency.
One‐step elaboration of flexible transparent conductive electrodes from silver nanowires/polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Judic Marine , Lonjon Antoine , Dantras Eric , Lacabanne Colette 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA new simplified low temperature deposition method to manufacture flexible transparent conductive electrodes (FTCE) based on conductive polymer composite filled with silver nanowires (AgNWs) was investigated. Polyurethane/AgNWs composite was deposed on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate as a conductive paint in a thin layer lower than 2 μm. The high aspect ratio nanowires influence on the electrical behavior is followed with surface resistivity and optical transparency experiments. The best compromise was obtained with a conductive layer filled with 2.84 vol.% of AgNWs; it exhibits a surface resistivity of 143 Ω/sq with 73% in transmittance. These transparent conductive composites processing in one step with good touching manipulation resistance demonstrate the real interest for this kind of FTCEs technology without indium tin oxide.
A dam management problem with energy production as an optimal switching problem
Authors: Chevalier Etienne , Di Girolami Cristina , Gaïgi M'hamed , Giovannini Elisa , Scotti Simone 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe consider an optimal stochastic control problem for a dam. Electrical power production is operating under an uncertain setting for electricity market prices and water level which has to be kept under control. Indeed, the water level inside the basin cannot exceed a certain threshold for safety reasons, and at the same time cannot decrease below another threshold in order to keep power production active. We model this situation as a mixed control problem with regular and switching controls under constraints. We characterize the value function as solution of an HJB equation and provide some numerical approximating methods. We shall illustrate by numerical examples the main achievements of the present approach.
Detailed Cost Analysis of Hydrogen Refueling Costs for Fleets
Authors: Eißler Tobias , Schumacher Gwendolyn , Behrens Jochen , Mendler Friedrich , Voglstätter Christopher 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe costs for hydrogen refueling of fleets were calculated by a two‐step approach. Firstly, different hydrogen refueling station (HRS) system configurations were simulated and optimized for various HRS sizes and 350 bar pressure, with the Fraunhofer ISE's toolkit H2ProSim, showing that large‐scale and pipeline‐supplied HRS can reduce the hydrogen refueling costs. Secondly, as customer travel costs to the HRS play an important role, especially in the hydrogen market activation phase, the placement and dimensioning of the HRS network was optimized in a case study for the Upper Rhine region. The analysis shows possible network structure and cost distributions for a set of specific customers. Hydrogen supply costs are highly dependent on the hydrogen demand and spatial distribution of the customers and can drop to values of around € 0.60 kg−1 for depot refueling stations for high‐volume customers. However, some customers cannot be supplied at a reasonable cost.
Rapid desorption and analysis for illicit drugs and chemical profiling of fingerprints by SICRIT ion source
Authors: Conway Ciara , Weber Markus , Ferranti Allison , Wolf Jan‐Christoph , Haisch Christoph 
Published: December 2023

AbstractForensic analysis can encompass a wide variety of analytes from biological samples including DNA, blood, serum, and fingerprints to synthetic samples like drugs and explosives. In order to analyze this variety, there are various sample preparation techniques, which can be time‐consuming and require multiple analytical instruments. With recent advancements in ambient ionization mass spectrometry (MS), plasma‐based dielectric barrier discharge ionization (DBDI) sources have demonstrated to cover a wide range of these analytes. The flow‐through design of this source also allows for easy connection to a thermal desorption type of sample introduction. We present an in‐house built thermal desorption device where the sample is introduced via a glass slide, which gets heated and transferred to the DBDI‐MS with nitrogen for identification and semi‐quantification. Using a glass slide as an inexpensive sampling device, detection limits as low as 20 pg for fentanyl are demonstrated. Additionally, a very precise (>96% accuracy) identification of persons based on the chemical profile of their fingerprints is possible, establishing a direct analytical link of the drug trace to the individual in one measurement. We compared the DAG, TAG, sterol, and (semi‐)volatile region of the averaged fingerprint spectra over multiple days, showing the best model accuracy for identification based on the DAG region. The combination of thermal desorption and DBDI‐MS minimized sample preparation, leading to an ultrasensitive and rapid analysis of illicit drug traces and the identification of underlying personas based on fingerprints.
Kidney and heart failure events are bidirectionally associated in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Sharma Abhinav , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Testani Jeffrey M. , Ofstad Anne Pernille , Fitchett David , Mattheus Michaela , Verma Subodh , Zannad Faiez , Wanner Christoph , Kraus Bettina J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to evaluate the bidirectional relationship between kidney and cardiovascular (CV) events in trial participants with type 2 diabetes and CV disease.Methods and resultsPost hoc analyses of EMPA‐REG OUTCOME using Cox regression models were performed to assess the association of baseline factors with risk of a kidney event and bidirectional associations of incident kidney events and CV events. Among placebo‐treated participants, baseline factors significantly associated with greater kidney event risk included lower baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria, higher uric acid, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and prior heart failure (HF). Coronary artery disease was not associated with increased risk. In placebo‐treated participants, occurrence of an incident non‐fatal kidney event increased the subsequent risk of hospitalization for HF (HHF) but not 3‐point major adverse CV events (non‐fatal stroke, non‐fatal myocardial infarction, and CV death). Vice versa, HHF (but not myocardial infarction/stroke) increased the risk of subsequent kidney events. These associations were generally also seen in empagliflozin‐treated participants and in the overall population. Interestingly, the risk of kidney events following HHF was not significantly increased in the relatively small number of placebo‐treated participants already diagnosed with HF at baseline.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate a bidirectional inter‐relationship between HHF and kidney events. Further exploration of this relationship and strategies to optimize the use of therapies to reduce both kidney and HF outcomes is warranted.
Mechanistic population models for ecological risk assessment and decision support: The importance of good conceptual model diagrams
Authors: Forbes Valery E. , Accolla Chiara , Banitz Thomas , Crouse Kristin , Galic Nika , Grimm Volker , Raimondo Sandy , Schmolke Amelie , Vaugeois Maxime 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The use of mechanistic population models as research and decision-support tools in ecology and ecological risk assessment (ERA) is increasing. This growth has been facilitated by advances in technology, allowing the simulation of more complex systems, as well as by standardized approaches for model development, documentation, and evaluation. Mechanistic population models are particularly useful for simulating complex systems, but the required model complexity can make them challenging to communicate. Conceptual diagrams that summarize key model elements, as well as elements that were considered but not included, can facilitate communication and understanding of models and increase their acceptance as decision-support tools. Currently, however, there are no consistent standards for creating or presenting conceptual model diagrams (CMDs), and both terminology and content vary widely. Here, we argue that greater consistency in CMD development and presentation is an important component of good modeling practice, and we provide recommendations, examples, and a free web app (pop-cmd.com) for achieving this for population models used for decision support in ERAs. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1566–1574. © 2023 SETAC
Key Points
Population models can be valuable tools for ecological risk assessment (ERA), and their use is growing together with improvements in modeling guidance. Communicating key features of complex population models to different stakeholders can be challenging. Standardization of conceptual model diagrams (CMDs) can facilitate model communication, evaluation, and acceptance. We propose a standard template and free web app for creating CMDs for population models used to support ERAs.
Exploration of the cropping pattern based on the irrigation water–energy–food and carbon emission nexus
Authors: Chand Jeet B. , Bimali Sanjeeb 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study examined the existing cropping patterns, yield, irrigation water and energy use and carbon emission responses to explore the best cropping pattern based on the optimum water–energy–food and carbon emission nexus. The study consisted of field visits, questionnaire surveys among 510 farmers, 10 key informant interviews, one focused group discussion and subsequent analysis of collected data. The result of the research indicated that the best existing cropping pattern was rice–wheat–no crops with a net benefit of USD 491 ha⁻¹, benefit–cost ratio: 1.33, water use: 8830 m3 ha⁻¹, energy use: 43 GJ ha⁻¹ and carbon emission: 2420 kg CO2‐eq ha⁻¹. This study found spring rice to be the most appropriate agricultural commodity in the third season of the crop calendar and rice–wheat–spring rice, as the recommended cropping pattern in the selected area based on maximum production: 13.3 t ha⁻¹, the largest net income: USD 668 ha⁻¹, the highest benefit‐cost ratio: 1.27 and the least use of energy 802 GJ ha⁻¹ with release of3840 kg CO2‐eq ha⁻¹ of carbon. After applying the recommended cropping pattern of this study, there will be significant growth in the benefit per unit use of water and energy and a substantial reduction in carbon emission per tonne of food production.
Tests of goods market integration between China and African BRI countries
Authors: Lee Shu‐kam , Shum Paul Kwok‐ching , Woo Kai‐yin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Chinese Government has promulgated the “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI) to increase trade flows and integrate goods markets between China and BRI countries. The validity of purchasing power parity (PPP) implies well‐integrated goods markets, a precondition for further economic convergence, and the next stage of economic integration in factor, service, and financial markets. Our study aims to examine the validity of the PPP and the extent of goods market integration between China and selected BRI countries in Africa. Since the functional form of the cointegrating relationship may not be exact or linear, we adopt the nonparametric rank tests for analysis without prior knowledge and specification of the functional form. We also address the rank problems that occur in multivariate rank tests. Our empirical results provide strong evidence of an unrestricted PPP relationship with reasonably strong evidence of nonlinearity in the data. We also find that some African BRI countries have experienced goods market integration with China during the second‐half period only. This indicates that the introduction of the BRI in 2013 and China's active involvement in African economic development through BRI projects are leading to enhanced goods market integration between China and Africa. The results indicate favorable prospects of closer economic cooperation in the factor, service, and financial markets to build a free trade area or common markets with BRI countries in Africa.
Research on decision analysis with CVaR for supply chain finance based on partial credit guarantee and blockchain technology
Authors: Ge Xiangxiang , Ma Shujian , Wang Gang , Teng Ying , Qian Qi , Jiang Hua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConsidering the influence of decision maker's risk preference degree on decision making, this paper employs CVaR risk measure criterion to facilitate decision making. The optimal decision making of supply chain finance under partial credit guarantee and blockchain technology empowerment is investigated. In addition, the CVaR decision models for supply chain finance under two scenarios of partial credit guarantee and blockchain technology empowerment are constructed. The inverse solving is conducted with the help of the Stackelberg model to find out the optimal ordering quantity, wholesale price, and interest rate. The influencing factors of decision making are investigated. This study shows that, within a certain risk‐averse range, the ordering quantity of retailers under the partial credit guarantee model is larger than that under the blockchain technology‐enabled model. In contrast, the conditional risk value of suppliers under the partial credit guarantee model is much smaller than that under the blockchain technology‐enabled model. In conclusion, the blockchain technology is beneficial to reduce supply chain finance risks.
Climate warming suppresses abundant soil fungal taxa and reduces soil carbon efflux in a semi‐arid grassland
Authors: Qiu Yunpeng , Zhang Kangcheng , Zhao Yunfeng , Zhao Yexin , Wang Bianbian , Wang Yi , He Tangqing , Xu Xinyu , Bai Tongshuo , Zhang Yi , Hu Shuijin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSoil microorganisms critically affect the ecosystem carbon (C) balance and C‐climate feedback by directly controlling organic C decomposition and indirectly regulating nutrient availability for plant C fixation. However, the effects of climate change drivers such as warming, precipitation change on soil microbial communities, and C dynamics remain poorly understood. Using a long‐term field warming and precipitation manipulation in a semi‐arid grassland on the Loess Plateau and a complementary incubation experiment, here we show that warming and rainfall reduction differentially affect the abundance and composition of bacteria and fungi, and soil C efflux. Warming significantly reduced the abundance of fungi but not bacteria, increasing the relative dominance of bacteria in the soil microbial community. In particular, warming shifted the community composition of abundant fungi in favor of oligotrophic Capnodiales and Hypocreales over potential saprotroph Archaeorhizomycetales. Also, precipitation reduction increased soil total microbial biomass but did not significantly affect the abundance or diversity of bacteria. Furthermore, the community composition of abundant, but not rare, soil fungi was significantly correlated with soil CO2 efflux. Our findings suggest that alterations in the fungal community composition, in response to changes in soil C and moisture, dominate the microbial responses to climate change and thus control soil C dynamics in semi‐arid grasslands.
A thermal state‐dependent bounding surface model for volume change of clay
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Ng Charles Wang Wai , Zhao Xudong , Zhang Qi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThermally induced volumetric strain of clay is crucial for geotechnical applications involving thermal loading. The volumetric response of clay shows a ratcheting pattern during thermal cycles until reaching a thermal stabilized state. It is also affected by the stress history of soil, including over‐consolidation ratio (OCR) and recent stress history (RSH). This paper introduces a new bounding surface model to capture effects of OCR and RSH on thermo‐mechanical behaviour of soil. A thermal state parameter is proposed to characterize the effects of stress history and thermal history. Based on the new thermal state parameter, the commonly recognised thermal softening mechanism is modified and incorporated with a bounding surface. The newly proposed model, with only 10 parameters, can provide an elegant approach to predict the volumetric response under thermal cycles coupled with different stress histories well.
A cohort study comparing the effects of medical cannabis for anxiety patients with and without comorbid sleep disturbance
Authors: Murphy Matthew , Erridge Simon , Holvey Carl , Coomber Ross , Rucker James J. , Sodergren Mikael H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundResearch on cannabis‐based medicinal products (CBMPs) in anxiety remains inconclusive due to a paucity of high‐quality evidence. Studies indicate a bidirectional relationship between generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and sleep disruption, but it is unclear how this affects CBMP treatment outcomes. This study aims to compare the patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) of patients prescribed CBMPs for GAD, with and without impaired sleep.MethodsChanges in PROMs were recorded from baseline to 1, 3, 6, and 12 months between those with impaired or unimpaired sleep. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to compare factors associated with a clinically significant improvement in GAD‐7 at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included adverse event incidence and frequency.ResultsOf the 302 patients that fit the inclusion criteria, mean GAD‐7, single‐item sleep quality, and EQ‐5D‐5L index values improved at all time points (p < 0.001). A relationship between sleep impairment and clinically significant changes in GAD‐7 at 1 and 3 months was identified (p ≤ 0.01). On multivariate regression, only baseline GAD severity was associated with an increased likelihood of observing a clinically significant improvement in anxiety (p < 0.001). Seven hundred and seven (234%) adverse events were reported by 55 (18.21%) participants.ConclusionsThis study observed an association between CBMP treatment and improvements in anxiety in patients with GAD. While patients with comorbid sleep disruption had greater improvements in anxiety, the differences were not maintained in a multivariate analysis. Baseline anxiety severity may be a predictor for CBMP treatment outcomes.
Impact of Dupilumab on Sinonasal Symptoms and Outcomes in Severe Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps
Authors: Hopkins Claire , Mullol Joaquim , Khan Asif H. , Lee Stella E. , Wagenmann Martin , Hellings Peter , Fokkens Wytske , Msihid Jérôme , Nair Radhika , Kamat Siddhesh , Nash Scott , Radwan Amr , Jacob‐Nara Juby A. , Deniz Yamo , Rowe Paul J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the severity of the top 5 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) items ranked most important by patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), the effect of dupilumab on these items, and their association with objective disease measures.Study DesignPost hoc analysis of the SINUS‐24 (NCT02912468) and SINUS‐52 (NCT02898454) clinical trials.SettingMultinational, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group studies.MethodsPatients ranked the SNOT‐22 items most affecting their health at baseline. Item symptom severity (0‐5 scale) was assessed at baseline, Week 24 (W24), and Week 52 (W52). Changes in nasal polyps score (NPS) and Lund–Mackay (LMK) scores were assessed in patients with/without SNOT‐22 items improvements of at least 1 severity group point at W24 and W52.ResultsThe SNOT‐22 items ranked most important at baseline were “decreased sense of smell/taste” (87% of patients), followed by “nasal blockage” (82%), “postnasal discharge” (40%), “thick nasal discharge” (37%), and “wake up at night” (26%); 82%, 61%, 32%, 40%, and 26% of patients reported severe symptoms (score 4 or 5) for these items, respectively. Dupilumab improved score severity for all top 5 items versus placebo at W24 and W52. Improvements in NPS and LMK scores were numerically greater in patients with improvements in the SNOT‐22 top 5 items.ConclusionLoss of smell/taste was ranked as the most important symptom by patients with CRSwNP. Dupilumab reduced the severity of the top 5 most important SNOT‐22 items versus placebo, in parallel with improvements in objective disease measures.Clinical Trial RegistrationSINUS‐24 and SINUS‐52 clinical trials were registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, identifiers NCT02912468 and NCT02898454, respectively.
Self‐Assembled Metal‐Coordination Nanohelices as Efficient and Robust Chiral Supramolecular Catalysts for Enantioselective Reactions
Authors: Gao Cong , Li Shixin , Zhao Cici , Sun Qingqing , Sun Xiaohuan , Ge Lingling , Wang Lei , Xi Zheng , Han Jie , Guo Rong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe development of chiral nanostructures‐based supramolecular catalysts with satisfied enantioselectivity remains a significantly more challenging task. Herein, the synthesis and self‐assembly of various amino acid amphiphiles as chiral supramolecular catalysts after metal ion coordination is reported and systematically investigate their enantioselectivity in asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions. In particular, the self‐assembly of l/d‐phenylglycine‐based amphiphiles (l/d‐PhgC16) and Cu(II) into chiral supramolecular catalysts in the methanol/water solution mixture is described, which features the interesting M/P nanohelices (diameter ≈8 nm) and mostly well‐aligned M/P nanoribbons (NRs). The M/P supramolecular catalysts show both high but inverse enantioselectivity (>90% ee) in Diels–Alder reactions, while their monomeric counterparts display nearly racemic products. Analysis of the catalytic results suggests the outstanding enantioselectivities are closely related to the specific stereochemical microenvironment provided by the arrangement of the amphiphiles in the supramolecular assembly. Based on the experimental evidence of chirality transfer from supramolecular nanohelices to coordinated Cu(II) and substrate aza‐chalcone and the molecular dynamics simulations, the enantioselective catalytic mechanisms are proposed. Moreover, the relationships between molecular structures of amino acid amphiphiles (the hydrophilic head group and hydrophobic alkyl chain length) in supramolecular catalysts and enantioselectivity in Diels–Alder reactions are elaborated.
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Algae: 25
Authors: Andersen Robert A. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryThree names are recommended for conservation: Pseudokephyrion against Dinobryopsis and Kephyriopsis (Chrysophyceae), Phalacroma (Dinophyceae) against Phalacroma (Trilobita), and Discosphaera (Prymnesiophyta) against Discosphaera (Ascomycota). It is recommended that Actinostephanos (Bacillariophyta) and Actinostephanus (Gesneriaceae) be treated as homonyms.