bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated species distribution models to account for sampling biases and improve range‐wide occurrence predictions
Authors: Mäkinen Jussi , Merow Cory , Jetz Walter 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimSpecies distribution models (SDMs) that integrate presence‐only and presence–absence data offer a promising avenue to improve information on species' geographic distributions. The use of such ‘integrated SDMs’ on a species range‐wide extent has been constrained by the often limited presence–absence data and by the heterogeneous sampling of the presence‐only data. Here, we evaluate integrated SDMs for studying species ranges with a novel expert range map‐based evaluation. We build new understanding about how integrated SDMs address issues of estimation accuracy and data deficiency and thereby offer advantages over traditional SDMs.LocationSouth and Central America.Time Period1979–2017.Major Taxa StudiedHummingbirds.MethodsWe build integrated SDMs by linking two observation models – one for each data type – to the same underlying spatial process. We validate SDMs with two schemes: (i) cross‐validation with presence–absence data and (ii) comparison with respect to the species' whole range as defined with IUCN range maps. We also compare models relative to the estimated response curves and compute the association between the benefit of the data integration and the number of presence records in each data set.ResultsThe integrated SDM accounting for the spatially varying sampling intensity of the presence‐only data was one of the top performing models in both model validation schemes. Presence‐only data alleviated overly large niche estimates, and data integration was beneficial compared to modelling solely presence‐only data for species which had few presence points when predicting the species' whole range. On the community level, integrated models improved the species richness prediction.Main ConclusionsIntegrated SDMs combining presence‐only and presence–absence data are successfully able to borrow strengths from both data types and offer improved predictions of species' ranges. Integrated SDMs can potentially alleviate the impacts of taxonomically and geographically uneven sampling and to leverage the detailed sampling information in presence–absence data.
Effect of ZB/APP on ceramifying properties of ceramifiable polyethylene composites at high temperatures
Authors: Shen Jiapei , Sun Qing , Gao Xiangguang , Zhang Jian , Sheng Jiawei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractZinc borate/ammonium polyphosphate (ZB/APP) was added to polyethylene/wollastonite fiber (PE/WF) composite to further improve ceramifiable properties. The effect of ZB/APP on the mechanical properties, shape stability, and self‐supporting properties of residues was investigated. The residue formed at 1000°C had a flexural strength of 30.5 MPa for the PE composite with addition of ZB/APP, which showed a significant improvement compared to the corresponding values of PE/WF/ZB and PE/WF/APP. In terms of shape stability, the PE/WF/ZB/APP system exhibited better dimensional stability and maintained its original shape after heat treatment. The bending angles of PE/WF/ZB/APP composite after being fired at 1000°C were less than 15°. The ceramifying process was studied by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TG. During the heat treatment process, a phosphate glassy phase containing PO43− groups was formed by the reaction between ZB and APP. And then glassy phase reacted with WF to generate hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3OH). The reaction between ZB and APP inhibited eutectic reactions between each other as well as with WF, thereby stabilizing the crystallinity of the residue at high temperature. Moreover, the viscosity of the phosphate glassy phase produced by their reaction was higher than that of the APP melt, which improved both the mechanical and self‐supporting properties of the residue.
Lattice distortion induced by rare‐earth ions doping in (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3‐based thin films with high piezoelectric properties
Authors: Ni Feier , Zhu Kun , Qian Jin , Shen Bo , Zhai Jiwei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHigh‐performance lead‐free piezoelectric thin films are urgently required for microelectromechanical systems. In this study, thin films based on the 0.8Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–0.2(Sr0.7Bi0.2□0.1)TiO3 system were prepared on Pt(111)/TiOx/SiO2/Si substrates by a sol–gel method. The large lattice distortions were induced by introducing five rare‐earth ions with different ionic radii (Er/Pr/Sm/Nd/La) to achieve the purpose of regulating the piezoelectric response of the thin films with the maximum inverse piezoelectric coefficient up to 425.9 pm/V. X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Piezoresponse force microscope, and additional testing methods were used to observe the phase composition and microstructure of the thin films to investigate the effect of doping rare‐earth elements with different ionic radii at the A‐site on lattice distortion, and to summarize the transformation law. This study is significant for improving the piezoelectric properties of thin films and has crucial applications in microelectronic sensing.
Improving short‐term academic performance in the flipped classroom using dynamic geometry software
Authors: Fung Chak‐Him , Poon Kin‐Keung , Besser Michael , Fung Ming‐Chung 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground StudyThe effects of the flipped classroom (FC) on students' academic performance remain ambiguous, and the use of pre‐class videos may be one of the main factors hindering students' progress. A software package called GeoGebra has been proposed as a substitute for pre‐class videos to aid students' learning.ObjectiveThis study investigates the effect of the FC using GeoGebra (FCG) on mathematical performance and memory among senior secondary students.MethodsOne hundred and sixty students of a senior high school in China were selected. A quasi‐experimental design was implemented in which the classes were split into the intervention group (FCG), control group A (FCV) and control group B (TL) by random assignment. Pretest, Post‐test 1 and Post‐test 2 were introduced.Results and ConclusionThe results indicate that both the FCG and the FC with pre‐class videos (FCV) were more effective than traditional lectures in enhancing students' academic test scores, and that the effect of the FCG was comparable to its video counterpart,F(2, 136) = 3.752,ρ = 0.026,η2 = 0.052. Although their effects were similar, the qualitative results revealed some hidden benefits associated with the replacement of pre‐class video with GeoGebra. Furthermore, although they were equally effective in promoting students' performance in the short‐term, the long‐term effects on academic performance of both forms of FC were non‐significant when compared with traditional lectures.
Clinical characteristics of people with intellectual disability admitted to hospital with constipation: identifying possible specific high‐risk factors
Authors: Laugharne R. , Wilcock M. , Rees J. , Wainwright D. , Newton N. , Sterritt J. , Badger S. , Bishop R. , Bassett P. , Shankar R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities (ID) die on an average 20 years earlier to the general population. They have higher rates of multimorbidity and polypharmacy. Around 25% of people with ID report chronic constipation. The England Learning Disabilities Mortality Review found that nearly 25% of deaths identified constipation as a long‐term health problem. However, the likely risk factors for constipation related harm are poorly enumerated. We sought to identify possible specific high‐risk factors by examining the clinical characteristics of people with ID admitted to hospital with constipation.MethodsData of people with ID admitted with constipation in two general hospitals covering a population of 1.3 million from 2017 to 2022 were reported using the STROBE guideline for cohort studies. Collected data included age, gender, intellectual disability severity, recorded medication, presenting complaint and co‐morbidities. The medication anticholinergic burden was calculated using the anticholinergic burden scale. Continuous variables were summarised by mean and standard deviation if normally distributed, with categorical variables summarised by the number and percentage in each category.ResultsOf 46 admissions (males 52%), 57% had moderate to profound ID, 37% had epilepsy, 41% prescribed antiseizure medication (ASM) and 45% were on laxatives. Average age was 46 years. The anticholinergic burden score mean was 2.3 and median, one.ConclusionsWe can hypothesise that people with more severe ID, suffering from epilepsy and on ASM may be more at risk of developing severe constipation. Some admissions may be avoided with earlier use of laxatives in the community.
The effect of structured education and phone follow‐up on moderate stage Alzheimer's disease caregiving: Outcomes for patient and caregivers
Authors: Ozcan Munevver , Akyar Imatullah 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo determine the effectiveness of a caregiver education (needs tailored) and telephone follow‐up intervention for caregivers of people with moderate stage Alzheimer's disease on caregiver burden, caregiving impact on life, and patients' neuropsychiatric symptoms, dependence on activities of daily living.MethodsThis quasi‐experimental study sampled caregivers of people with moderate stage Alzheimer's. Caregivers in the intervention group received education and telephone follow‐up over 12 weeks, while the control group received routine care. Caregivers were assessed for burden, changes in life, and patients for neuropsychiatric symptoms, and dependence on daily living activities.ResultsThe caregiver burden, life changes, distress, and patients' neuropsychiatric symptom scores showed apparent trend toward betterment, but no statistically significant differences were found in study outcomes between the two groups (P > .05).ConclusionThe caregiver need‐based, structured education and telephone follow‐up intervention was not empirically effective. With the promising effect from this study, managing behavioral symptoms with need‐based, structured, and skill‐oriented training has the potential to alleviate the burden on caregivers.
The impact of dentition status and barriers to dental care services on perceived oral health of medicare beneficiaries
Authors: Kim Kyeonghee , Rosenberg Marjorie A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association among barriers to dental care services, dentition groups, and self‐reported oral health status for Medicare beneficiaries.MethodsWe used data from the 2017 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which included participants aged ≥65 years who were enrolled in Medicare and had completed the oral health exam. We created a dentition group variable using the detailed dental examination data to account for the presence of natural, replaced, removable, or missing teeth. Through bivariate and logistic analyses, we explored the relationship between barriers to receiving dental care services, dentition groups, and reported oral and general health statuses, along with other control variables.ResultsFor the total Medicare population as well as in the four subgroup analyses, we showed that those with barriers to dental care services were more likely to report fair or poor oral health status. Those who were edentulous, had complete dentures, or had less than a full mouth of teeth had greater barriers and worse oral and general health than did those with all‐natural teeth. Among those who reported fair or poor general health, those with less than a full mouth of teeth showed similar levels of barriers to dental care services and worse perceived oral health than did those without any teeth.ConclusionsHelping the 65 years and older population retain their teeth in good condition will improve their overall health. Investment in oral hygiene and health for the current and future Medicare populations could improve their overall health.
Thyroid function tests during nonthyroidal illness syndrome and recovery in acutely ill dogs
Authors: Bolton Timothy A. , Panciera David L. , Voudren Caylie D. , Crawford‐Jennings Matthew I. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundNonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) can result in thyroid function test alterations that mimic hypothyroidism. The duration of NTIS‐induced changes in dogs is not well‐described.ObjectivesDocument alterations in thyroid function tests during NTIS and recovery, and the time necessary for their resolution.AnimalsFrom 103 dogs sampled, 25 euthyroid dogs with acute, resolvable illness having a low serum total thyroxine (TT4) concentration on admission were analyzed.MethodsProspective observational study. Serum TT4 concentration was measured in 103 dogs within 4 hours of admission. If below the reference interval (RI), subsequent serum samples were obtained every 24 hours from admission until discharge (acute phase) and at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after discharge (recovery phase). Serum samples were submitted for batch measurement of serum TT4, free thyroxine (fT4), total 3,5,3′‐triiodothyronine (TT3), and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations.ResultsIn the cohort of dogs analyzed, serum TT4, TT3, and fT4 concentrations were below the RI in 100%, 80%, and 16% at admission; 20%, 80%, and 0% at discharge; 4%, 8%, and 0% at 2 weeks; and 0%, 0%, and 0% at 4 weeks, respectively. Serum TSH concentration was within the RI in 100% at admission and discharge, and above the RI in 4% and 12% at 2 weeks and 4 weeks, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceNaturally occurring NTIS in dogs induces alterations in thyroid function tests during acute illness and recovery. Measurement of serum TT4 concentration 2 to 4 weeks after discharge or serum fT4 concentration by ED during illness is recommended for accurate assessment of thyroid function in acutely ill dogs.
Metronidazole pharmacokinetics in geese (Anser anser domesticus) after intravenous and oral administrations
Authors: Fadel Charbel , Łebkowska‐Wieruszewska Beata , Bourdo Krzysztof , Poapolathep Amnart , Hassoun Georges , Giorgi Mario 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMetronidazole (MTZ) is a 5‐nitroimidazole anti‐bacterial and anti‐protozoal drug. In human and companion animal medicine, MTZ remains widely used due to its effectiveness against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. In farm animals, however, MTZ is currently prohibited in several countries due to insufficient data on nitroimidazoles. The purpose of this study was to assess its pharmacokinetics (PK) in geese after single intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administrations. Fifteen‐month old healthy male geese (n = 8) were used. Geese were subjected to a two‐phase, single‐dose (10 mg/kg IV, 50 mg/kg PO), open, longitudinal study design with a two‐week washout period between the IV and PO phases. Blood was drawn from the left wing vein to heparinized tubes at 0, 0.085 (for IV only), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, and 48 h. Plasma MTZ concentrations were measured using HPLC coupled to an UV detector, and the data were pharmacokinetically analyzed using PKanalix™ software with a non‐compartmental approach. MTZ was still quantifiable and well above the LLOQ at 24 h after both routes of administration. Following IV administration, terminal elimination half‐life, volume of distribution, and total clearance were 5.47 h, 767 mL/kg, and 96 mL/h/kg, respectively. For the PO route, the bioavailability was high (85%), and the mean peak plasma concentration was 60.27 μg/mL at 1 h. When parameters were normalized for the dose, there were no statistically significant differences for any of the PK parameters between the two routes of administration. The study shows that oral administration of MTZ seems to be promising in geese, although comprehensive research on its pharmacodynamics and multiple‐dose studies are necessary before its adoption in geese can be further considered.
Beneficial effects of the probiotics and synbiotics supplementation on anthropometric indices and body composition in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Saadati Saeede , Naseri Kaveh , Asbaghi Omid , Yousefi Mohsen , Golalipour Elnaz , de Courten Barbora 
Published: November 2023

SummaryStudies have suggested that probiotics and synbiotics can improve body weight and composition. However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrated mixed results. Hence, we performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics and synbiotics on body weight and composition in adults. We searched PubMed/Medline, Ovid/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane library up to April 2023 using related keywords. We included all RCTs investigating the effectiveness of probiotics and/or synbiotics supplementation on anthropometric indices and body composition among adults. Random‐effects models were applied for performing meta‐analyses. In addition, we conducted subgroup analyses and meta‐regression to explore the non‐linear and linear relationship between the length of follow‐up and the changes in each outcome. We included a total of 200 trials with 12,603 participants in the present meta‐analysis. Probiotics or synbiotics intake led to a significant decrease in body weight (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −0.91 kg; 95% CI: −1.08, −0.75; p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (WMD: −0.28 kg/m2; 95% CI: −0.36, −0.21; p < 0.001), waist circumference (WC) (WMD: −1.14 cm; 95% CI: −1.42, −0.87; p < 0.001), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) (WMD: −0.01; 95% CI: −0.01, −0.00; p < 0.001), fat mass (FM) (WMD: −0.92 kg; 95% CI: −1.05, −0.79; p < 0.001), and percentage of body fat (%BF) (WMD: −0.68%; 95% CI: −0.94, −0.42; p < 0.001) compared to controls. There was no difference in fat‐free mass (FFM) and lean body mass (LBM). Subgroup analyses indicated that probiotics or synbiotics administered as food or supplement resulted in significant changes in anthropometric indices and body composition. However, compared to controls, FM and %BF values were only reduced after probiotic consumption. Our results showed that probiotics or synbiotics have beneficial effects on body weight, central obesity, and body composition in adults and could be useful as an add on to weight loss products and medications.
MicroRNAs constitute an additional layer in plant response to simultaneous bio‐ and abiotic stresses as exemplified by UV‐B radiation and flg22‐treatment on Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Schenke Dirk , Shen Enhui , Fan Longjiang , Cai Daguang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPlants are confronted with various environmental stresses and develop sophisticated adaptive mechanisms. Our previous work demonstrated that the crosstalk of flg22 and ultraviolet (UV)‐B‐induced signalling cascades reprograms the expression of flavonol pathway genes (FPGs), benefiting plant defence responses. Although several transcription factors have been identified to be involved in this crosstalk, the underlying mechanism is largely unclear. Here, we analyzed microRNAs (miRNAs) and identified 126, 129 and 113 miRNAs with altered abundances compared to untreated control in flg22‐, UV‐B‐ and flg22/UV‐B‐treated seedlings, respectively. Two distinct modules were identified: The first consists of 10 miRNAs repressed by UV‐B but up‐regulated by flg22, and the second with five miRNAs repressed by flg22 but up‐regulated by UV‐B. In Arabidopsis, the knockdown of miR858a, a representative of module I, increased the abundance of CHS (a marker gene for FPGs), whereas its overexpression reduced CHS. Conversely, knockout of miR164b from module II decreased CHS and its overexpression increased CHS transcript levels. These data suggest a decisive role of miRNAs in the crosstalk. In the next, we described the interaction between miR858a and its target MYB111 (a positive regulator of FPGs) from module I in detail. We showed that MYB111 was profoundly post‐transcriptionally regulated by miR858a during the crosstalk, whose expression was specifically but antagonistically controlled by UVR8‐ and FLS2‐mediated signallings. Moreover, transcriptional monitoring using the GUS reporter gene demonstrates that miRNA‐mediated posttranscriptional regulation is the main driving force in reprogramming the expression of FPGs and regulates plant adaptation to multiple concurrent environmental stresses.
What causes threats directed at the president?
Authors: Lothamer Lucas J. , Rottinghaus Brandon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhat puts the president in the crosshairs of threats? By examining a new data set of threats made against the president in the incoming White House mail from 1961 to 1965, this study argues that domestic and international events, especially politically controversial issues, serve as a provocation for political threats. We find that outside civil rights events more than approval or economic conditions drive threats to the White House. Although limited in time span, the implications of this study suggest that specific events, some of which the White House has little control over, spur increased threats made against the president.
DisCrit noticing: Theorizing at the intersections of race and ability in mathematics education
Authors: Yeh Cathery 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhile there is increased attention to power, privilege, and access in mathematics education, conversations around race and disability are often left out of the conversation. Disability in mathematics continues to be studied with a lens that focuses on behavior, rather than attending to the situated and sociopolitical context in which teaching and learning takes place. This paper specifically calls on the importance of an intersectional analysis of ability and the need for explicit conversation on the interwoven nature of race and disability to uncover exclusionary practices of hyper‐labeling, hyper‐surveilling, and hyper‐punishing for those outside notions of normalcy. Drawing on sociopolitical perspectives informed by Disability Critical Race Theory (DisCrit) and DisCrit Classroom Ecology, I share a framework of DisCrit noticing to consider the interwoven nature of racism and ableism in mathematics classrooms, provide a context to develop preservice teacher DisCrit noticing during mathematics methods, and a case example to highlight implications and transformative possibilities for (re)organizing classrooms through the DisCrit noticing framework.
Utility of rotational thromboelastometry in the management of massive haemorrhage at a regional Australian hospital
Authors: Liu Yu‐Hsuan , Sia Jessica , Munas Azhar , Tacon Catherine , Salaveria Kris , Lutshaba Harrison Langa , Hanson Josh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundRotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) allows targeted and individualised blood product replacement.ObjectivesThe study aimed to determine the impact of ROTEM‐guided transfusion on the clinical course of patients with acute massive haemorrhage in a regional Australian hospital.Methods/MaterialsA retrospective review of all patients with acute massive haemorrhage that compared the characteristics, blood product use, and clinical outcomes of patients with massive haemorrhage before and after the introduction of ROTEM‐guided transfusion.ResultsIn per‐protocol analysis, the 31/97 (32%) with ROTEM‐guided transfusion used less packed red blood cells (median [interquartile range]: 6 [6–8] vs. 8 [6–12] units, p = 0.03) than patients whose transfusion was not ROTEM‐guided. They were also less likely to receive fresh frozen plasma (2/31 [6%] vs. 45/66 [68%], p < 0.0001) or platelets (2/31 [6%] vs. 31/66 [47%], p < 0.0001); they were, however, more likely to receive fibrinogen products (26/31 [84%] vs. 38/66 [58%], p = 0.01). Patients receiving ROTEM‐guided transfusion had lower in‐hospital mortality (6/31 [19%] vs. 20/66 [30%], odds ratio 0.55 [95% confidence interval]: 0.20–1.55, p = 0.26) although this did not achieve statistical significance in this small cohort.ConclusionROTEM‐guided massive transfusion of patients with acute haemorrhage in this regional Australian hospital led to a reduction in packed red blood cell, fresh frozen plasma, and platelet utilisation and may also have reduced mortality.