bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helmholtz Coil‐Inspired Volumetric Wireless Resonator for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Zhu Xia , Wu Ke , Anderson Stephan W. , Zhang Xin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSignal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) is one of the most common metrics in assessing the image quality of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Among a host of technological developments, various wireless devices, including metamaterials and volumetric wireless resonators have been reported to enhance SNR by redistributing the radio frequency magnetic field in the near field region. While theoretically feasible, their widespread clinical adoption has been limited by their field inhomogeneity, limited spatial coverage and challenges in their applications to higher field (≥3.0T) MRI systems. In this study, a Helmholtz coil‐inspired volumetric wireless resonator (HVWR) featuring a uniform magnetic field enhancement within the resonator volume is reported. The HVWR is free from cables, adapters and interface boxes, allowing for ease of fabrication and straightforward installation. The resonator allows for resonance frequency tunability and adaptivity, enabling for passive detuning during the MRI transmission phase. Experimental validation using a 3.0T MRI system demonstrate a substantial SNR boost (5× or higher) being achieved in a region covering the average size of the human knee. This study offers an efficient and practical wireless solution for improved MRI image quality that may be applicable across a range of imaging applications.
Ultrathin, Large‐Area, and Multifunctional Polarizer Based on Highly Ordered Carbon Nanotubes Produced by Simple Shear Flow
Authors: Jung Se Eun , Kim Seo Gyun , Kim Tae Hyung , Kim Junghwan , Kim MinSu , Lee Dongju , Lee DaYeon , Ku Bon‐Cheol , Lee Seung Hee 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAligning carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with high orientational ordering in a 2D array is essential for realizing optical polarizers with high polarization efficiency over a wide spectral range. Two methods are reported: dispersing CNTs in a polymer matrix followed by stretching, and mechanical stretching of a vertically grown CNT forest and then transferring it onto a substrate. However, neither can realize nanometer‐thin or large polarizers. Herein, a novel approach is demonstrated to construct a large and thin (150 nm) conductive CNT polarizer by achieving liquid crystal (LC) phase of size‐controlled CNTs in chlorosulfonic acid, unidirectional shearing, and then drying. The polarizer exhibits an excellent polarization efficiency of 98.4% for ultraviolet (365 nm) and 96.0% for visible light (550 nm). This performance is maintained even at 400 °C, while the conventional iodine‐type polarizer starts to lose efficiency over 100 °C. The CNT polarizer with high polarization efficiency for UV can replace the costly nano‐patterned wire‐grid polarizers currently used for photoaligning LCs and also its multifunction playing role of polarizer, electrode, and LC alignment is confirmed with switching of LC device. This study provides a new paradigm for realizing ultrathin and large CNT polarizers for broadband applications with outstanding heat resistance.
High‐Performance Broadband Flexible Photodetectors Based on Ti3C2Tx MXene/Pyramidal Thin Si Heterostructures with Light Trapping Effect for Heart Rate Detection
Authors: Xie Chao , Wang Yi , Xia Zhaosheng , Cheng Yu , Cui Xisheng , Xu Shijie , Ren Xingang , Yang Wenhua , Huang Zhixiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHigh‐performance flexible photodetectors are urgently demanded for application in many emerging domains including flexible, wearable, portable, and stretchable optoelectronics. In this work, a highly efficient flexible photodetector made of a Ti3C2Tx MXene/pyramidal thin Si heterostructure is successfully fabricated. Thanks to the remarkable light trapping effect as confirmed by numerical modeling based on finite‐element method, the as‐constructed detector demonstrates excellent photoresponse performance in a broadband wavelength spectrum. The optimal responsivity, specific detectivity, and response speed reach ≈530 mA W−1, ≈1.21 × 1012 Jones and 30/14 µs, respectively, at zero bias under near‐infrared light illumination. Specifically, the responsivity is greatly enhanced by ≈2.65 times, as compared with a planar counterpart. In addition, the light detector can maintain its outstanding photoresponse properties upon 1000 cycles of bending test or at diverse bending radii of curvature, owing to its prominent mechanical flexibility and robust bending endurance. Finally, the capability of monitoring the heart rate of a person in a wideband wavelength spectrum and at various bending radii of curvature is presented. The above results imply the huge potential of the flexible light detector for use in some applications such as wearable health monitoring.
A 3D Printing‐Enabled Artificially Innervated Smart Soft Gripper with Variable Joint Stiffness
Authors: Goh Guo Liang , Goh Guo Dong , Nguyen Van Pho , Toh William , Lee Samuel , Li Xin , Sunil Bohra Dhyan , Lim Jian Yee , Li Zhengchen , Sinha Anoop Kumar , Yeong Wai Yee , Campolo Domenico , Chow Wai Tuck , Ng Teng Yong , Han Boon Siew 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe manufacturing industry has witnessed advancements in soft robotics, specifically in robotic grippers for handling fragile or irregular objects. However, challenges remain in balancing shape compliance, structural rigidity, weight, and sensor integration. To address these limitations, a 3D‐printed multimaterial gripper design is proposed. This approach utilizes a single, nearly fully automated 3D printing process to create a universal gripper with almost no assembly work. By processing functional polymer, polymer nanocomposite, and metal wire simultaneously, this technique enables multifunctionality. The gripper achieves different gripping configurations by adjusting joint stiffness through Joule heating of conductive polylactic acid material, ensuring shape conformance. Embedded metal wires, created using an in‐house wire embedding technique, form reliable high‐current‐loading interconnections for the conductive joints acting as the heater. Additionally, an integrated soft sensor printed in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and conductive TPU detects compression levels and discerns handled samples. This study showcases the potential of 3D multimaterial printing for on‐demand fabrication of a smart universal gripper with variable stiffness and integrated sensors, benefiting the automation industry. Overall, this work presents an effective strategy for designing and fabricating integrated multifunctional structures using soft, rigid, and conductive materials, such as polymer, polymer nanocomposite, and metal through multimaterial 3D printing.
Chain‐Length Dependence of the Optical Activity of Helical Triptycene‐Based π‐Conjugated Ladder Polymers
Authors: Ammenhäuser Robin , Lupton John M. , Scherf Ullrich 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHelical ladder polymers are designed by connecting planar indenofluorene chromophores by chiral triptycene linkers. The resulting hexagonal helices exhibit a substantial degree of homoconjugation across the triptycene knots, with saturation above ≈20 repeat units. The chiroptical anisotropy values gabs = Δε/ε of the lower‐energy lobes of the red‐most couplets in the circular dichroism (CD) spectra arise from the π−π* transition of the planar indenofluorene chromophores and increase almost sevenfold when going from a model dimer to the corresponding polymeric helical ladder structures. This increase represents a signature of “chiral amplification” that is observed at the molecular, single‐chain level. Here, the incorporated chiral linker units determine the chiroptical properties of the helical polymer chain, with chiral interactions arising across many achiral indenofluorene building blocks (>12). This behavior is observed for a fully covalently bound single polymer chain, in contrast to the more commonly studied supramolecular assemblies of appropriate chiral molecules.
Nanoprobes for PET/MR Imaging
Authors: Liu Huanhuan , Wang Runze , Gao Haiyan , Chen Lijuan , Li Xiaochen , Yu Xuan , Wu Yaping , Bai Yan , Wei Wei , Wang Meiyun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe development of clinical imaging techniques significantly improves diagnostic accuracy and provides guidance for personalized treatment of individuals. However, every single imaging modality has its distinct drawbacks that cannot fully fulfil the diagnosis requirement. Thus, rational combination of different imaging modalities can achieve more comprehensive information of disease and in this way provide better personalized treatment strategy. The hybrid PET/MRI has drawn increasing attention since its first clinical application. Imaging probes play an essential role in achieving qualified figures with accurate information of diseases. The application of nanotechnology promotes the development of versatile molecular probes for PET/MRI technique. Though there is an emerging clinical requirement, only a small number of multimodal PET/MRI probes have been investigated in preclinical research. Thus, this review tries to thoroughly summarize the nano‐sized PET/MRI probes on their design, preparation and biological application. By discussing the strength and limitations of these current available PET/MRI multimodal probes, this work aims to figure out the further research direction and promote the possible clinic translation of the novel PET/MRI probes.
Abnormal Photocurrent in Semiconductor p‐n Heterojunctions: Toward Multifunctional Photoelectrochemical‐Type Photonic Devices and Beyond
Authors: Fathabadi Milad , Zhao Songrui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSemiconductor p‐n heterojunctions are important building blocks for modern electronic and photonic devices. Further combining semiconductor p‐n heterojunctions with light and electrolyte environment, interesting photoelectrochemical (PEC) phenomena can occur, which enriches the design principles of multifunctional devices. In fact, recent years have witnessed the emergence of PEC‐type photonic devices. For PEC‐type photonic devices, a key to realize multifunctionality is to control the photocurrent polarity of the photoelectrode. In this study, an abnormal photocurrent is reported from p‐InGaN/n‐GaN nanowire heterojunctions under a blue light illumination: although n‐GaN is transparent to the blue light (and thus optical absorption mainly occurs in p‐InGaN) and p‐InGaN in principle can only give negative PEC photocurrent, the detailed experiments show that positive PEC photocurrent can be generated from the p‐InGaN segment due to the existence of the built‐in electric field at the p‐n junction. This study shows a new route to control the photocurrent polarity in a semiconductor p‐n heterojunction photoelectrode. This unveiled role of the built‐in electric field is expected to impact the design of emerging PEC‐type photonic devices, as well as other novel photonic and electronic devices based on semiconductor nanowire p‐n heterojunctions.
Taming Active‐Ion Crosstalk by Targeted Ion Sifter Toward High‐Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Feng Yang , Zhong Beidou , Zhang Ruochen , Yu Jiangtao , Huang Zhenheng , Huang Yangqi , Wu Zhonghan , Fan Yanpeng , Tian Jing , Xie Weiwei , Zhang Kai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLithium metal batteries (LMBs), based on high‐voltage (HV) LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM, x+y+z = 1) materials, exhibit great potential for next‐generation electric vehicle (EV) cells. Nevertheless, the inevitable dissolution and shuttle of transition metal (TM) ions from NCM cathodes poses a threat to the electrochemical sustainability of LMBs, especially at high voltage and high temperatures. Herein, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)‐grafted MOF‐808 is proposed to serve as a multifunctional ion‐selective separator coating, in which EDTA molecules play a targeted ion sifter role in restricting active‐ion crosstalk. Judicious characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that the separator coating effectively captures the TM‐ions in the electrolyte and thus ensures stable Li deposition without dendrites. As a result, the 4.5 V NCM622//Li cell with the ion‐selective separator achieves a high‐capacity retention over 1000 cycles with a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.68%, and its cycling stability at 55 °C is also upgraded. This crosstalk‐taming strategy offers fresh insight into constructing long‐life HV‐LMBs.
Bio‐Inspired Sandwich‐Structured All‐Day‐Round Solar Evaporator for Synergistic Clean Water and Electricity Generation
Authors: Niu Ran , Ren Jiaxin , Koh Junqiang Justin , Chen Ling , Gong Jiang , Qu Jinping , Xu Xiaodong , Azadmanjiri Jalal , Min Jiakang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe integration of solar‐driven interfacial evaporation and electricity co‐generation is considered a promising approach to simultaneously alleviate freshwater scarcity and the energy crisis. However, affected by intermittent solar irradiation/uncontrollable weather, the overall performance of solar‐driven evaporation in the real world is greatly reduced. Herein, inspired by antifreeze proteins in beetles that survive in extreme climates, all‐weather solar‐driven interfacial evaporators with a sandwich structure are designed. The top and bottom layers composed of MnO2‐modified cotton cloth are used for photothermal conversion and water transport, meanwhile, the middle layer made of a phase change microcapsule/hydrogel composite serves for heat storage and release. Under 1 kW m−2 irradiation, the evaporator exhibits a high evaporation rate of 2.67 kg m−2 h−1 and an efficiency of 89.5%. In the dark, the heat released from the phase change layer supports an evaporation rate of 0.43 kg m−2 h−1, 3.6 times that of pure water. Additionally, assembled with a thermoelectric module, the hybrid device achieves a stable output electricity power of 0.42 W m−2 under 1‐sun illumination and a prolonged output for 30 min in the dark. This work provides a novel approach for full‐time solar‐powered steam‐electricity co‐generation and a proof of concept for biomimetic steam generation/heat management integration.
Organic Eutectic Salts‐Assisted Direct Lithium Regeneration for Extremely Low State of Health Ni‐Rich Cathodes
Authors: Liu Xue , Wang Renheng , Liu Shaoqing , Pu Junhan , Xie Honggui , Wu Mingli , Liu Dongming , Li Yun , Liu Jianwen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCurrently, the concept of direct regeneration has garnered considerable attention from the public due to its minimal environmental impact, high economic value, and stable performance of recycled materials. In this study, an organic lithium salt‐assisted eutectic salts direct regeneration (OAER) is proposed for replenishing lithium in an extremely low state of health Ni‐rich cathode (Low SOH NCM). The OAER method capitalizes on the favorable inherent properties of eutectic salts; moreover, the reactions of organic lithium salt create an oxidation environment and vacancies. By employing OAER, Low SOH NCM are able to be recovered, which originally has a capacity of only 46.8 mAh g−1, to 155.5 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 95.6% after 100 cycles. Notably, this performance is substantially higher than that achieved through conventional and purely eutectic salt regeneration methods and even slightly surpasses the current commercial NCM material. Considering the economic and environmental benefits of the OAER approach, it demonstrates potential for direct regeneration of Low SOH NCM and exhibits competitiveness for industrial applications.
Associations between land bank ownership and stewardship of vacant properties and crime, violence, and youth victimization in Flint, MI
Authors: Bushman Gregory , Kondo Michelle C. , Rupp Laney A. , Hohl Bernadette C. , Gong Catherine H. , Zimmerman Marc A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLand banks across the United States are managing expanding vacant property inventories. By maintaining vacant properties and engaging residents in the process, land banks facilitate processes integral to building safe neighborhoods and may play a role in violence prevention. Using generalized additive mixed model regression, adjusted for spatial and temporal dependencies, we examined whether land bank ownership and stewardship of vacant properties in Flint, Michigan were associated with trends in serious, violent, and firearm‐involved crime, between 2015 and 2018. We tested for differences in trends in crime density between properties owned by the Genesee County Land Bank Authority (GCLBA; n = 7151) and comparison properties not owned by the land bank (n = 6,245). In addition, we tested for differences in crime density trends between vacant properties that received different levels of land bank stewardship, including biannual mowing, GCLBA standard stewardship, and GCLBA‐sponsored community‐engaged stewardship. We found that GCLBA ownership was associated with net declines in densities of all types of crime and violence, over time, relative to properties not owned by the GCLBA. When we distinguished between levels of stewardship, we found that GCLBA stewardship, both with and without community engagement, was associated with net declines in serious and violent crime relative to comparison properties. Only community‐engaged GCLBA stewardship was associated with declines in firearm‐involved crime and firearm‐involved crime with a youth victim over time, relative to comparison properties. Land bank stewardship of vacant properties may be protective against crime, violence, and youth victimization in legacy cities like Flint, MI that experience high rates of vacant properties and violent crime.
Structural barriers explain the link between negative community re‐entry experiences and motives for illegal behavior in street‐identified Black men and women
Authors: Bounoua Nadia , Sadeh Naomi , Payne Yasser A. , Hitchens Brooklynn K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study examines how the re‐entry process is related to structural barriers in the community and to motives for engaging in illegal behavior—two key risk factors for recidivism. We analyzed survey data collected on perceptions of community re‐entry, employment opportunities, neighborhood violence, and illegal behavior motives from 379 formerly incarcerated and street‐identified Black‐American community members residing in Wilmington, Delaware (Mage = 32.3/8.9 years old; 77.0% men; 100% Black) by employing Street Participatory Action Research (Street PAR) methodology. We found that negative perceptions of re‐entry correlated positively with (i) hardship caused by structural barriers in the community, specifically blocked employment opportunities and neighborhood violence, and (ii) motives for engaging in illegal behavior. Notably, the link between negative perceptions of re‐entry and motives for illegal behavior became significantly weaker when the influence of structural barriers on these individual‐level factors was included in a multivariate model. Results suggest negative views of the re‐entry process reflect the resource‐scarce and stressful environments people are living in, and structural barriers can account for the relationship between negative re‐entry experiences and why individuals are motivated to engage in illegal behavior. Findings underscore the importance of improving the economic conditions of communities with high numbers of returning citizens.
The prognostic contribution of CBL, NRAS, KRAS, RUNX1, and TP53 mutations to mutation‐enhanced international prognostic score systems (MIPSS70/plus/plus v2.0) for primary myelofibrosis
Authors: Loscocco Giuseppe G. , Rotunno Giada , Mannelli Francesco , Coltro Giacomo , Gesullo Francesca , Pancani Fabiana , Signori Leonardo , Maccari Chiara , Esposito Maria , Paoli Chiara , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Guglielmelli Paola 
Published: October 2023

AbstractContemporary risk models in primary myelofibrosis (PMF) include the mutation (MIPSS70) and mutation/karyotype enhanced (MIPSS70 plus/v2.0) international prognostic scoring systems. High molecular risk (HMR) mutations incorporated in one or both of these models include ASXL1, SRSF2, EZH2, IDH1/2, and U2AF1Q157; the current study examines additional prognostic contribution from more recently described HMR mutations, including CBL, NRAS, KRAS, RUNX1, and TP53. In a cohort of 363 informative cases (median age 58 years; 60% males), mutations included JAK2 61%, CALR 24%, MPL 6%, ASXL1 29%, SRSF2 10%, U2AF1Q157 5%, EZH2 10%, IDH1/2 4%, TP53 5%, CBL 5%, NRAS 7%, KRAS 4%, and RUNX1 4%. At a median follow‐up of 4.6 years, 135 (37%) deaths and 42 (11.6%) leukemic transformations were recorded. Univariate analysis confirmed significant survival impact from the original MIPSS70/plus/v2.0 HMR mutations as well as CBL (HR 2.8; p < .001), NRAS (HR 2.4; p < .001), KRAS (HR 2.1; p = .01), and TP53 (HR 2.4; p = .004), but not RUNX1 mutations (HR 1.8; p = .08). Multivariate analysis (MVA) that included both the original and more recently described HMR mutations confirmed independent prognostic contribution from ASXL1 (HR 1.8; p = .007), SRSF2 (HR 4.3; p < .001), U2AF1Q157 (HR 2.9, p = .004), and EZH2 (HR 2.4; p < .001), but not from IDH1/2 (p = .3), TP53 (p = .2), CBL (p = .3), NRAS (p = .8) or KRAS (p = .2) mutations. The lack of additional prognostic value from CBL, NRAS, KRAS, RUNX1, and TP53 was further demonstrated in the setting of (i) MVA of mutations and karyotype, (ii) MVA of MIPSS70/plus/v2.0 composite scores and each one of the recently described HMR mutations, except TP53, and iii) modified MIPSS70/plus/plus v2.0 that included CBL, NRAS, KRAS, and TP53 as part of the HMR constituency, operationally referred to as “HMR+” category. Furthermore, “HMR+” enhancement of MIPSS70/plus/plus v2.0 did not result in improved model performance, as measured by C‐statistics. We conclude that prognostic integrity of MIPSS70/plus/plus v2.0, as well as their genetic components, was sustained and their value not significantly upgraded by the inclusion of more recently described HMR mutations, including CBL, NRAS, KRAS, and RUNX1. Additional studies are needed to clarify the apparent additional prognostic value of TP53 mutation and its allelic state.
Subrutilan – Ein Hexacyclisches Sesterterpen aus Streptomyces subrutilus
Authors: Gu Binbin , Goldfuss Bernd , Schnakenburg Gregor , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDie Untersuchung einer Terpensynthase aus Streptomyces subrutilus führte zur Identifizierung des hexacyclischen Sesterterpens Subrutilan sowie von acht pentacyclischen Nebenprodukten. Subrutilan stellt den ersten Fall eines gesättigten Sesterterpenkohlenwasserstoffs dar. Seine Struktur einschließlich der absoluten Konfiguration wurde durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse und stereoselektive Deuterierung eindeutig bestimmt. Der Cyclisierungsmechanismus zu Subrutilan und seinen Nebenprodukten wurde durch Isotopenmarkierungsexperimente und DFT‐Rechnungen detailliert untersucht. Die Subrutilan‐Synthase (SrS) wandelte auch (2Z)‐GFPP in ein Hauptprodukt um. Weitere Verbindungen wurden aus den Substratanaloga (7R)‐6,7‐Dihydro‐GFPP und (2Z,7R)‐6,7‐Dihydro‐GFPP mit blockierter Reaktivität in der C6−C7‐Bindung erhalten. Interessanterweise verlaufen die frühen Schritte der Cyclisierungskaskade mit (2Z)‐GFPP und den gesättigten Substratanaloga analog zu denen von GFPP, doch dann kommt es zu Abweichungen vom natürlichen Cyclisierungsmodus.