bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Academic climate and psychopathological symptomatology in Spanish medical students
Authors: Esquerda Montse , Garcia-Estañ Joaquín , Ruiz-Rosales Albert , Garcia-Abajo J. Miguel , Millan Jesus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Medical Education studies suggest that medical students experience depression, anxiety and psychopathological symptomatology in a proportion higher than in the rest of the population. In the present study, we aimed to conduct a nationwide analysis to describe student’s perceptions of Educational Climate in Spanish medical schools, and its relationship with psychopathological symptomatology.

Methods
The study was carried out in 2022 in all 44 medical schools in Spain, and analyses the academic climate, and psychopathological symptomatology among medical students (n = 4374). To measure these variables, we used the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) for academic climate, and the SA-45 (Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire was used to assess psychopathological symptomatology.

Results
The mean DREEM global score was low, 95.8 (SD 22.6). Worse perception of the academic climate has been found in females (t -2.21, p 0.027), in students of the clinical academic years (t 16.9, p < 0.001), and public medical schools ( t 15.6, p < 0.001).
The SA45 general index score was high (p90) in 25.6% of participants. In respect of gender, female students presented higher levels of SA45 general index score, depression, interpersonal sensitivity, somatization, anxiety, obsession-compulsion, and phobic anxiety symptoms.
Higher DREEM global and subscale scores corresponded to a higher SA-45 global index score and higher SA-45 subscale scores.

Conclusions
Our study suggests a correlation between a poor perception of academic climate, increased depression, anxiety, and other psychopathological symptoms, with a pattern that varies between different faculties. The perception of academic climate varied between medical schools, as did the psychopathological symptoms scores. Our finding suggests the prevalence of these variables in medical students is, at least in part, attributable to factors directly related to the learning atmosphere.
Vaccination practices of pediatric oncologists from eight states
Authors: van Thiel Berghuijs Karely M. , Kaddas Heydon K. , Warner Echo L. , Fair Douglas B. , Fluchel Mark , Knackstedt Elizabeth D. , Verma Anupam , Kepka Deanna , Green Adam L. , Smitherman Andrew B. , Draper Lauren , Johnson Rebecca H. , Kirchhoff Anne C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Vaccinations are a vital part of routine childhood and adolescent preventive care. We sought to identify current oncology provider practices, barriers, and attitudes towards vaccinating childhood and adolescent cancer patients and survivors.

Methods
We conducted a one-time online survey distributed from March-October 2018 to pediatric oncologists at nine institutions across the United States (N = 111, 68.8% participation rate). The survey included 32 items about vaccination practices, barriers to post-treatment vaccination, availability of vaccinations in oncology clinic, familiarity with vaccine guidelines, and attitudes toward vaccination responsibilities. Descriptive statistics were calculated in STATA 14.2.

Results
Participants were 54.0% female and 82.9% white, with 12.6% specializing in Bone Marrow Transplants. Influenza was the most commonly resumed vaccine after treatment (7030%). About 50%-60% were familiar with vaccine guidelines for immunocompromised patients. More than half (62.7%) recommended that patients restart most immunizations 6 months to 1 year after chemotherapy. Common barriers to providers recommending vaccinations included not having previous vaccine records for patients (56.8%) or lacking time to ascertain which vaccines are needed (32.4%). Of participants, 66.7% stated that vaccination should be managed by primary care providers, but with guidance from oncologists.

Conclusions
Many pediatric oncologists report being unfamiliar with vaccine guidelines for immunocompromised patients and almost all report barriers in supporting patients regarding vaccines after cancer treatment. Our findings show that further research and interventions are needed to help bridge oncology care and primary care regarding immunizations after treatment.
Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human airway epithelium with a xeno-nucleic acid aptamer
Authors: Razi Niayesh , Li Weizhong , Ignacio Maxinne A. , Loube Jeffrey M. , Agostino Eva L. , Zhu Xiaoping , Scull Margaret A. , DeStefano Jeffrey J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
SARS-CoV-2, the agent responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, enters cells through viral spike glycoprotein binding to the cellular receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Given the lack of effective antivirals targeting SARS-CoV-2, we previously utilized systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) and selected fluoro-arabino nucleic acid (FANA) aptamer R8-9 that was able to block the interaction between the viral receptor-binding domain and ACE2.

Methods
Here, we further assessed FANA-R8-9 as an entry inhibitor in contexts that recapitulate infection in vivo.

Results
We demonstrate that FANA-R8-9 inhibits spike-bearing pseudovirus particle uptake in cell lines. Then, using an in-vitro model of human airway epithelium (HAE) and SARS-CoV-2 virus, we show that FANA-R8-9 significantly reduces viral infection when added either at the time of inoculation, or several hours later. These results were specific to the R8-9 sequence, not the xeno-nucleic acid utilized to make the aptamer. Importantly, we also show that FANA-R8-9 is stable in HAE culture secretions and has no overt cytotoxic effects.

Conclusions
Together, these results suggest that FANA-R8-9 effectively prevents infection by specific SARS-CoV-2 variants and indicate that aptamer technology could be utilized to target other clinically-relevant viruses in the respiratory mucosa.
A multi-task deep learning model for EGFR genotyping prediction and GTV segmentation of brain metastasis
Authors: Zhou Zichun , Wang Min , Zhao Rubin , Shao Yan , Xing Ligang , Qiu Qingtao , Yin Yong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The precise prediction of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status and gross tumor volume (GTV) segmentation are crucial goals in computer-aided lung adenocarcinoma brain metastasis diagnosis. However, these two tasks present continuous difficulties due to the nonuniform intensity distributions, ambiguous boundaries, and variable shapes of brain metastasis (BM) in MR images.The existing approaches for tackling these challenges mainly rely on single-task algorithms, which overlook the interdependence between these two tasks.

Methods
To comprehensively address these challenges, we propose a multi-task deep learning model that simultaneously enables GTV segmentation and EGFR subtype classification. Specifically, a multi-scale self-attention encoder that consists of a convolutional self-attention module is designed to extract the shared spatial and global information for a GTV segmentation decoder and an EGFR genotype classifier. Then, a hybrid CNN-Transformer classifier consisting of a convolutional block and a Transformer block is designed to combine the global and local information. Furthermore, the task correlation and heterogeneity issues are solved with a multi-task loss function, aiming to balance the above two tasks by incorporating segmentation and classification loss functions with learnable weights.

Results
The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed model achieves excellent performance, surpassing that of single-task learning approaches. Our proposed model achieves a mean Dice score of 0.89 for GTV segmentation and an EGFR genotyping accuracy of 0.88 on an internal testing set, and attains an accuracy of 0.81 in the EGFR genotype prediction task and an average Dice score of 0.85 in the GTV segmentation task on the external testing set. This shows that our proposed method has outstanding performance and generalization.

Conclusion
With the introduction of an efficient feature extraction module, a hybrid CNN-Transformer classifier, and a multi-task loss function, the proposed multi-task deep learning network significantly enhances the performance achieved in both GTV segmentation and EGFR genotyping tasks. Thus, the model can serve as a noninvasive tool for facilitating clinical treatment.
Does osteotomizing the lower border of the mandible affect the lingual split pattern in a sagittal split ramus osteotomy?
Authors: Al-Dawoody Alah Dawood , Hamad Shehab Ahmed , Kheder Khrwatany Khurshid A. , Saleem Twana Hoshyar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aim
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding a fourth osteotomy at the lower border of the mandible on the lingual cortical fracture pattern in bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomies.

Patients and methods
The sample of the study consisted of 20 patients (12 male and 8 female, with a mean age of 26.79 ± 7.12 years) with mandibular deformities who needed bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. One side underwent a traditional sagittal split ramus osteotomy, and the procedure was modified on the other side by adding a 1 cm horizontal osteotomy at the lower border of the mandible, just distal to the caudal end of the vertical buccal osteotomy cut. A 3D CBCT was used to identify the split pattern.

Results
In the total sample, 40% of the lingual splits ran vertically toward the lower border of the mandible (LSS1), 20% of the splits passed horizontally to the posterior border of the mandible (LSS2), 32.5% of the splits took place along the inferior alveolar canal (LSS3), and 7.5% of the splits were unfavourable fractures (LSS4). On the inferior border osteotomy sides, the distribution of LSS1, LSS2, LSS3, and LSS4 was 10 (25%), 6 (15%), 4 (10%), and 0 (00), respectively. Their distribution on the sides without inferior border osteotomy was 6 (15%), 8 (20%), 13 (32.5%), and 3 (7.5%), respectively. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Inferior border osteotomy tends to direct the lingual split fracture line toward the lower and posterior borders of the mandible and minimizes bad splits; however, further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Effect of roxadustat on iron metabolism in patients with peritoneal dialysis: a real-world 24-week study
Authors: Zhang Xuejie , Jia Ruoyu , Zheng Zhifang , Jiang Luhua , Xu Yizhou , Raj Ashok , Sun Dong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Roxadustat is an oral hypoxia inducing factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI) that regulates iron metabolism in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) primarily by reducing hepcidin levels and mobilizing internal iron stores. More data are needed to demonstrate the efficacy of roxadustat in regulating iron metabolism in patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD) compared with erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs).

Methods
This prospective cohort study enrolled PD patients with a mean hemoglobin level of 60–100 g/L. All subjects were randomized into two groups at a ratio of 2:1 the roxadustat group (106 cases), and the ESA group (53 cases). The primary endpoint was the change in the iron biomarker levels and the proportion of patients with absolute iron deficiency and functional iron deficiency.

Results
Compared with ESAs, roxadustat significantly decreased hepcidin level (difference, − 20.09 ng/mL; 95% CI, − 30.26 to − 9.92), attenuated the increase in serum soluble transferrin receptor (sTFR) level (difference, − 7.87 nmol/L; 95% CI, − 12.11 to − 3.64), and reduced the proportion of patients with functional iron deficiency (roxadustat, 11.43%; ESA, 33.33%). There was no significant difference in safety of the two groups over the duration of the study.

Conclusions
Compared with ESA group, roxadustat group showed significant differences in all iron biomarker levels except serum ferritin (sFt) and transferrin saturation (TSAT). These results suggest that roxadustat was superior to ESAs as a therapy for iron metabolism in PD patients.
Trial registration: This study completed Chinese Clinical Trial Registration on March 4, 2022 (registration number: ChiCTR2200057231).

Graphical abstract
Indonesian secular vs. Madrasah schools: assessing the discrepancy in English reading and listening tests
Authors: Nawas Abu , Darmawan I Gusti Ngurah , Maadad Nina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe greater emphasis on the significance and difference in English performance between the school types has mainly been investigated across Asian countries. However, not much is known about what language skills differentiate their overall language achievement. Using a quantitative study with comparative analysis, this study measured the reading and listening skills of 1319 Indonesian students who were selected using a stratified sample design and grouped them into secular (Sekolah, n = 726) and Islamic (Madrasah, n = 593) groups. The samples were selected from 9205 of the total population of secondary school students, in Bone Regency, South Sulawesi Indonesia. The three-way ANOVA results showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in reading and listening subskills between the groups. Highly significant results of Madrasah students in reading and listening subskills indicate they are better at constructing what text means in a variety of contexts, as a literary experience in reading texts and obtaining general and specific information from listening tests compared to those attending secular schools. Poor performance of boys and students who enrolled in public secular schools may become the main explanation for achievement gaps across the groups. The main and interaction effects of the school system, sectors, and gender on the tested subskills were also explained in this study. Additionally, the result of the DIF test confirmed that the equity of the tested items between them was supported.
Development and internal validation of a model predicting patient-reported shoulder function after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in a Swiss setting
Authors: Stojanov Thomas , Aghlmandi Soheila , Müller Andreas Marc , Scheibel Markus , Flury Matthias , Audigé Laurent 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Prediction models for outcomes after orthopedic surgery provide patients with evidence-based postoperative outcome expectations. Our objectives were (1) to identify prognostic factors associated with the postoperative shoulder function outcome (the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS)) and (2) to develop and validate a prediction model for postoperative OSS.

Methods
Patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) were prospectively documented at a Swiss orthopedic tertiary care center. The first primary ARCR in adult patients with a partial or complete rotator cuff tear were included between October 2013 and June 2021. Thirty-two potential prognostic factors were used for prediction model development. Two sets of factors identified using the knowledge from three experienced surgeons (Set 1) and Bayesian projection predictive variable selection (Set 2) were compared in terms of model performance using R squared and root-mean-squared error (RMSE) across 45 multiple imputed data sets using chained equations and complete case data.

Results
Multiple imputation using data from 1510 patients was performed. Set 2 retained the following factors: American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, baseline level of depression and anxiety, baseline OSS, operation duration, tear severity, and biceps status and treatment. Apparent model performance was R-squared = 0.174 and RMSE = 7.514, dropping to R-squared = 0.156, and RMSE = 7.603 after correction for optimism.

Conclusion
A prediction model for patients undergoing ARCR was developed using solely baseline and operative data in order to provide patients and surgeons with individualized expectations for postoperative shoulder function outcomes. Yet, model performance should be improved before being used in clinical routine.
Evidence-based Egyptian clinical practice guidelines: for the prevention and management of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in infants, children and adolescents
Authors: Mokhtar Galila , Youssef Ahmed , Abdel Baky Ashraf , El Khashab Ehab Khairy , Raafat Enas , Youssry Ilham , Ragab Iman , Sherief Laila , Fathy Manar Mohamed , Hesham Mervat Abdallah , Salah Nouran Yousef , Afifi Rasha AbdelRaouf AbdelAziz , Shalaby Sherein Abdelhamid , Habib Sonia Adolf , Omar Tarek , El Gendy Yasmin Gamal 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common nutritional disorder affecting all age groups. Infants and young children are vulnerable to anemia especially iron deficiency anemia (IDA), which represents a public health problem with defined impacts on the health of communities. IDA, however, is a preventable and treatable condition; therefore, early diagnosis represents the cornerstone in protection from its adverse consequences and combating its contributing factors. Several international guidelines for the management of ID/IDA are available, however national guidelines that can be implemented and suits our local needs are lacking.

Objective
To adapt the pre-existing high-quality practice guidelines for the screening, prevention and management of ID/IDA in different pediatric age groups, to be available for the national use by general practitioners, pediatricians, and other health care professionals.

Results
The adaptation group for this guideline included key leaders from different Egyptian institutions. The panel used the ADAPTE methodology for adaptation of guidelines. The panel prioritized the health questions and recommendations according to their importance for clinicians and patients. The procedure included searching for existing guidelines, quality appraisal, and adaptation of the recommendations to the target context of use. The guideline covered all important aspects of detection, identification of infants, children, and adolescents at high risk of developing ID/IDA, proper management, and prevention. The final version of the adapted clinical practice guideline has been made after thorough review of an external review panel and was guided by their official recommendations and modifications. Implementation tools included algorithms, tables, and flow charts to aid decision making in practice, as well as patient-directed information in the Arabic language.

Conclusions
This adapted guideline serves as a tool for the screening, prevention and management of ID/IDA in different pediatric age groups.
Genetic diversity of field Fusarium asiaticum and Fusarium graminearum isolates increases the risk of fungicide resistance
Authors: Zhang Ya-Zhou , Li Zhuo , Man Jie , Xu Dan , Wen Lan , Yang Chen , Xu Qiang , Jiang Qian-Tao , Chen Guo-Yue , Deng Mei , Peng Yun-Liang , Zhong Kai , Qi Peng-Fei , Wei Yu-Ming 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium species, seriously threatens the safety of wheat (Triticum aestivum) production. Resistant cultivars and fungicides are frequently used to control these FHB pathogens. However, Fusarium species have been adapting the current FHB control approaches in a manner that raises concern for future FHB control strategies, which could lead to a greater risk of FHB outbreaks. In this study, a total of 521 strains of Fusarium were isolated from Sichuan province of China, to investigate the diversity of Fusarium species and the genes associated with their adaptation. Seven species were identified based on molecular markers and morphological analysis. The virulence assays showed that Fusarium asiaticum (Fa) and Fusarium graminearum (Fg) were the two major causal agents of FHB, with high virulence and more frequent isolates. Fungicide resistance analysis showed that four isolates had developed the resistance to carbendazim, and four isolates had developed the resistance to tebuconazole. Of note, two point-mutation variants (F200Y and E198Q) occurred in the β2-tubulin gene, leading to the carbendazim resistance. The landscape of genomic diversity was analyzed through whole-genome sequencing, revealing a total of 182,811 and 430,733 variants (including: single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNP, insertion and deletion, Indel, and structure variation, SV) among the Fa and Fg isolates, respectively. In addition, potential alterations in gene function (15.22%) were predicted among Fg variants. These alterations offer potential helps for the Fusarium species to adapt to various managements of FHB, which may increase risks in developing fungicide-resistant isolates. However, these annotated genetic variants are valuable resources for further genetic and genomic studies, as well as potential markers to assist disease risk assessment.
Modeling and sparsity-promoting separation of wind turbine noise in common-shot gathers
Authors: Hu Yanglijiang , Wang Xiaokai , Hou Qinlong , Liu Dawei , Shang Xinmin , Zhang Meng , Chen Wenchao 
Published: November 2023

In land seismic acquisition, the quality of common-shot gathers is severely degraded by wind turbine noise (WTN) when wind turbines are operating continuously in survey areas. The high-amplitude WTN overlaps or even completely submerges the body and surface waves (signals). Through time-space and frequency analysis, three main features of the WTN are observed: (1) it is periodic with nearly constant frequencies over time, (2) it is coherent but exhibits different apparent velocities in space, and (3) it has relatively narrow bands with varying central frequencies. The first feature enables WTN to distort signals from shallow to deep, whereas the latter two features make traditional methods that separate noise and signals based on velocity and frequency differences less effective. To suppress the WTN, we first analyze its formation and propagation mechanism and then develop a WTN simulation model to validate the presented mechanism. Based on our analysis of WTN and signals, we consider common-shot gathers as the linear superpositions of periodic WTN and relatively broadband signals (referred to as low-oscillatory signals). This additive mixture aligns with the feasibility premise of morphological component analysis (MCA). Finally, based on MCA theory, we develop a sparsity-promoting separation method to suppress WTN in common-shot gathers. To implement our separation method, we construct two dictionaries using the tunable Q-factor wavelet transform (TQWT) and the discrete cosine transform (DCT). TQWT and DCT can sparsely represent the oscillating waves (signals) and periodic waves (WTN), respectively. This work contributes to the existing knowledge of WTN separation by modeling the periodicity of WTN and the low-oscillatory behavior of a signal, rather than relying on velocity or frequency differences. Our method is tested on synthetic and field data, and both tests demonstrate its effectiveness in separating WTN and preserving signals.