bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing knee joint biomechanics and trunk posture according to medial osteoarthritis severity
Authors: Suzuki Yuki , Ohkoshi Yasumitsu , Kawakami Kensaku , Shimizu Kenta , Chida Shuya , Ukishiro Kengo , Onodera Tomohiro , Iwasaki Koji , Maeda Tatsunori , Suzuki Sho’ji , Kondo Eiji , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDuring progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA), gait biomechanics changes three-dimensionally; however, its characteristics and trunk posture according to OA severity remain unknown. The present study investigated three-dimensional knee joint biomechanics and trunk posture according to knee OA severity. Overall, 75 patients (93 knees) with medial knee OA [Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥ 2, grade 2: 20 patients with 24 knees (mean 60.0 years old); grade 3: 25 with 28 knees (mean 62.0 years old); grade 4: 30 with 41 knees (mean 67.9 years old)] and 14 healthy controls (23 knees, mean 63.6 years old) underwent gait analysis using an optical motion capture system and point cluster technique. In grade 2 knee OA, the relative contribution of the knee adduction moment (KAM) increased significantly (P < 0.05), and that of the knee flexion moment decreased (P < 0.05) prior to significant progression of varus knee deformity. Grade 3 knee OA showed significant exacerbation of varus knee deformity (P < 0.01) and KAM increase (P < 0.001). The maximum knee extension angle decreased (P < 0.05) and trunk flexion increased during gait in grade 4 knee OA (P < 0.001). Our study clarified the kinematics and kinetics of medial knee OA with trunk flexion according to severity. Kinetic conversion occurred in grade 2 knees prior to progression of varus deformities, knee flexion contractures, and sagittal imbalance during gait in patients with severe knee OA.
Knee function and quality of life in adolescent soccer players with Osgood Shlatter disease history: a preliminary study
Authors: Bruzda Rafał , Wilczyński Bartosz , Zorena Katarzyna 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess psycho-physical deficits among young athletes with history of Osgood Shlatter Disease (OSD-H) compared to adolescents without history of knee pain (Control group). Eighteen participants were recruited from a group of 80 young (U14–U17) male soccer players. Medical records, and Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were performed from both groups. The tests were conducted to assess the anthropometric characteristics, knee and ankle range of motion (Ely’s and Weight Bearing Lunge tests), and muscle power of the lower limbs (Leg Press, Single Leg Countermovement Jump, and Single Leg Hop for Distance). Results showed that overall patient-relevant outcomes following OSD (87%) were significantly lower than in the Control group (95%) (p < 0.05). Scores of the KOOS subscales revealed that Quality of Life and Function, Sports and recreational activities were significantly lower in the OSD-H group (p < 0.05). Although, there were no differences in subscale scores for Pain, Symptoms and Daily Activities. There were, also no difference between groups in range of motion angles and muscle power of the lower limbs values. The preliminary results support existing knowledge indicate that OSD may have a long-term influence on function, sports and recreational participation, and quality of life on young athletes.
Development of the Senseiver for efficient field reconstruction from sparse observations
Authors: Santos Javier E. , Fox Zachary R. , Mohan Arvind , O’Malley Daniel , Viswanathan Hari , Lubbers Nicholas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe reconstruction of complex time-evolving fields from sensor observations is a grand challenge. Frequently, sensors have extremely sparse coverage and low-resource computing capacity for measuring highly nonlinear phenomena. While numerical simulations can model some of these phenomena using partial differential equations, the reconstruction problem is ill-posed. Data-driven-strategies provide crucial disambiguation, but these suffer in cases with small amounts of data, and struggle to handle large domains. Here we present the Senseiver, an attention-based framework that excels in reconstructing complex spatial fields from few observations with low overhead. The Senseiver reconstructs n-dimensional fields by encoding arbitrarily sized sparse sets of inputs into a latent space using cross-attention, producing uniform-sized outputs regardless of the number of observations. This allows efficient inference by decoding only a sparse set of output observations, while a dense set of observations is needed to train. This framework enables training of data with complex boundary conditions and extremely large fine-scale simulations. We build on the Perceiver IO by enabling training models with fewer parameters, which facilitates field deployment, and a training framework that allows a flexible number of sensors as input, which is critical for real-world applications. We show that the Senseiver advances the state-of-the-art of field reconstruction in many applications.
An interfacial synergism effect of Pd–g-C3N4 in Pd/g-C3N4 for highly active and selective hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol
Authors: Li Liqing , Deng Xin , He Jiani , Zhang Huan , Li Li , Zhu Lihua 
Published: November 2023

Pd/g-C3N4 exhibits ~100% selectivity to 4-aminophenol with 100% conversion for 4-nitrophenol hydrogenation due to the interfacial synergism effect between Pd and g-C3N4 leading to effective adsorption and activation of H2 and 4-nitrophenol.
Characterizing Speech Phenotype in Individuals With Craniofacial Microsomia: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kinter Sara , Kotlarek Katelyn , Meehan Anna , Heike Carrie 
Published: November 2023

Introduction:
Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a complex congenital condition primarily affecting the ear, mandible, facial nerve and muscles, and tongue. Individuals with CFM are at increased risk of hearing loss, obstructive sleep apnea, and feeding/swallowing difficulties. The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize evidence pertaining to speech production in CFM.

Method:
All articles reporting any characteristic of speech production in CFM were included and screened by two independent reviewers by title, abstract, and full text. Data charting captured details related to study population and design, CFM diagnostic criteria, speech outcome measurement, and key findings. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist guided reporting of results. Our protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/npr94/) and published elsewhere.

Results:
Forty-five articles were included in the detailed review. Most articles originated from the United States, were published in the past decade, and utilized case report/series study design. A speech-language pathologist authored 29%. The prevalence of velopharyngeal insufficiency ranged from 19% to 55% among studies. Oral distortion of alveolar and palatal fricatives and affricates primarily characterized articulation errors. Studies identified increased disordered speech and lower intelligibility in adolescents with CFM compared to unaffected peers. Evidence pertaining to phonatory and respiratory speech findings is limited.

Conclusions:
Evidence supports that individuals with CFM are at increased risk of both velopharyngeal and articulatory speech differences. Additional information is needed to develop speech screening guidelines for children with CFM. Heterogeneity in study design and outcome measurement precludes comparisons across studies.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24424555
Unique Patterns of Bilingual Speech: Factors Affecting Disfluency Rates in Russian–Hebrew Bilingual Children
Authors: Fichman Sveta , Adelman Cahtia , Altman Carmit 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
Bilingual children often demonstrate a high rate of disfluencies, which might impact the diagnostic evaluation of fluency disorders; however, research on the rates and types of disfluencies in bilinguals' two languages is limited. The purpose of this research is to profile disfluencies of two types, stuttering-like disfluencies (SLDs) and other disfluencies (ODs), in the speech of Russian–Hebrew bilingual typically developing children, focusing on cross-linguistic differences and the effect of language proficiency in both languages.

Method:

Spontaneous narratives based on the
Frog, Where Are You?
(Mayer, 1969) picture book were collected in both languages from 40 bilingual Russian–Hebrew children aged 5;6–6;6 (years;months). The transcribed narratives were coded for SLD (sound, syllable, and monosyllabic word repetitions) and OD (multisyllabic word/phrase repetitions, interjections, and revisions), and their frequencies per 100 syllables were calculated.

Results:
Overall, most children had a percentage of SLD and OD below the cutoff point and within the existing criteria for stuttering diagnosis established based on monolingual data, but several children exceeded this stuttering criterion. Monosyllabic word repetitions (part of SLD) and interjections (part of OD) were more frequent in Hebrew than in Russian. Lower proficiency was associated with a higher percentage of monosyllabic word repetitions and of interjections in both languages.

Conclusions:
Bilingual disfluency criteria are needed, since based on the existing monolingual criteria, some children might be erroneously assessed as children who stutter, thus leading to overdiagnosis. The results support the claim that proficiency is an important factor in the production of disfluencies.
Automating Intended Target Identification for Paraphasias in Discourse Using a Large Language Model
Authors: Salem Alexandra C. , Gale Robert C. , Fleegle Mikala , Fergadiotis Gerasimos , Bedrick Steven 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
To date, there are no automated tools for the identification and fine-grained classification of paraphasias within discourse, the production of which is the hallmark characteristic of most people with aphasia (PWA). In this work, we fine-tune a large language model (LLM) to automatically predict paraphasia targets in Cinderella story retellings.

Method:
Data consisted of 332 Cinderella story retellings containing 2,489 paraphasias from PWA, for which research assistants identified their intended targets. We supplemented these training data with 256 sessions from control participants, to which we added 2,415 synthetic paraphasias. We conducted four experiments using different training data configurations to fine-tune the LLM to automatically “fill in the blank” of the paraphasia with a predicted target, given the context of the rest of the story retelling. We tested the experiments' predictions against our human-identified targets and stratified our results by ambiguity of the targets and clinical factors.

Results:
The model trained on controls and PWA achieved 50.7% accuracy at exactly matching the human-identified target. Fine-tuning on PWA data, with or without controls, led to comparable performance. The model performed better on targets with less human ambiguity and on paraphasias from participants with fluent or less severe aphasia.

Conclusions:
We were able to automatically identify the intended target of paraphasias in discourse using just the surrounding language about half of the time. These findings take us a step closer to automatic aphasic discourse analysis. In future work, we will incorporate phonological information from the paraphasia to further improve predictive utility.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24463543
Scale size of cometary bow shocks
Authors: Edberg N. J. T. , Eriksson A.I. , Vigren E. , Nilsson H. , Gunell H. , Götz C. , Richter I. , Henri P. , De Keyser J. 
Published: November 2023

Context. In past decades, several spacecraft have visited comets to investigate their plasma environments. In the coming years, Comet Interceptor will make yet another attempt. This time, the target comet and its outgassing activity are unknown and may not be known before the spacecraft has been launched into its parking orbit, where it will await a possible interception. If the approximate outgassing rate can be estimated remotely when a target has been identified, it is desirable to also be able to estimate the scale size of the plasma environment, defined here as the region bound by the bow shock.
Aims. This study aims to combine previous measurements and simulations of cometary bow shock locations to gain a better understanding of how the scale size of cometary plasma environments varies. We compare these data with models of the bow shock size, and we furthermore provide an outgassing rate-dependent shape model of the bow shock. We then use this to predict a range of times and cometocentric distances for the crossing of the bow shock by Comet Interceptor, together with expected plasma density measurements along the spacecraft track.
Methods. We used data of the location of cometary bow shocks from previous spacecraft missions, together with simulation results from previously published studies. We compared these results with an existing model of the bow shock stand-off distance and expand on this to provide a shape model of cometary bow shocks. The model in particular includes the cometary outgassing rate, but also upstream solar wind conditions, ionisation rates, and the neutral flow velocity.
Results. The agreement between the gas-dynamic model and the data and simulation results is good in terms of the stand-off distance of the bow shock as a function of the outgassing rate. For outgassing rates in the range of 1027–1031–s-1, the scale size of cometary bow shocks can vary by four orders of magnitude, from about 102 km to 106 km, for an ionisation rate, flow velocity, and upstream solar wind conditions typical of those at 1 AU. The proposed bow shock shape model shows that a comet plasma environment can range in scale size from the plasma environment of Mars to about half of that of Saturn.
Conclusions. The model-data agreement allows for the planning of upcoming spacecraft comet encounters, such as that of Comet Interceptor, when a target has been identified and its outgassing rate is determined. We conclude that the time a spacecraft can spend within the plasma environment during a flyby can range from minutes to days, depending on the comet that is visited and on the flyby speed. However, to capture most of the comet plasma environment, including pick-up ions and upstream plasma waves, and to ensure the highest possible scientific return, measurements should still start well upstream of the expected bow shock location. From the plasma perspective, the selected target should preferably be an active comet with the lowest possible flyby velocity.
Modelling the dust emission of a filament in the Taurus molecular cloud
Authors: Juvela Mika 
Published: November 2023

Context. Dust emission is an important tool in studies of star-forming clouds as a tracer of column density. This is done indirectly via the dust evolution that is connected to the history and physical conditions of the clouds.
Aims. We examine the radiative transfer (RT) modelling of dust emission over an extended cloud region, using a filament in the Taurus molecular cloud as an example. We examine how well far-infrared (FIR) observations can be used to determine both the cloud and the dust properties.
Methods. Using different assumptions on the cloud shape, radiation field, and dust properties, we fit RT models to Herschel observations of the Taurus filament. We made further comparisons with measurements of the near-infrared extinction. The models were used to examine the degeneracies between the different cloud parameters and the dust properties.
Results. The results show a significant dependence on the assumed cloud structure and the spectral shape of the external radiation field. If these are constrained to the most likely values, the observations can be explained only if the dust FIR opacity has increased by a factor of 2–3 relative to the values in diffuse medium. However, a narrow range of FIR wavelengths provides only weak evidence of the spatial variations in dust, even in the models covering several square degrees of a molecular cloud.
Conclusions. The analysis of FIR dust emission is affected by several sources of uncertainty. Further constraints are therefore needed from observations at shorter wavelengths, especially with respect to trends in dust evolution.
Lautstärke in der Krankenhausdialyse des Uniklinikums Jena
Authors: Neubig Margareta , Wolf Gunter 
Published: November 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGFühlen sich die Patienten an der Dialyse des Uniklinikums Jena (UKJ) durch Lärm gestört und wirkt sich dies negativ auf die Lebensqualität aus? 100 Patienten wurden von 2019–2021 befragt. Zudem wurden die Dauerschallpegel ausgewählter Schallquellen gemessen. Alarmsignale waren mit einem Pegel von 63 dB (A) LAeq am lautesten. Die Gesamtlautstärke der Dialysestation betrug 56 dB (A) LAeq. Die Auswertung des Fragebogens zeigte, dass sich 18 % der Patienten manchmal oder ständig durch Lärm an der Dialyse gestört fühlen. Ein nachweisliches Lärmbelästigungspotenzial ging von Alarmsignalen, dem medizinischen Personal sowie medizinischen Geräten aus. Bestimmte persönliche und soziale Faktoren können die Lärmbelästigung an der Dialyse begünstigen. Die Lebensqualität der Dialysepatienten ist niedriger als die der Allgemeinbevölkerung. Eine Beeinflussung der Lebensqualität durch die Lautstärke an der Dialyse wurde nicht nachgewiesen. Aus Patientensicht besteht kein dringender Handlungsbedarf, die Lautstärke zu reduzieren.
Überführung der Modellvorhaben nach § 64b SGB V in die Regelversorgung
Authors: Schmedders Mechtild , Neubert Olaf 
Published: November 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAnliegen des Gesetzgebers in Deutschland war es, die Versorgung psychisch kranker Menschen in Modellvorhaben nach §64b SGB V weiterzuentwickeln. Die Krankenkassen bewerten die sektorenübergreifende Versorgung durch die Krankenhäuser in den Modellvorhaben überwiegend positiv. Im internationalen Vergleich ist die Hospitalisierungsrate in Deutschland insgesamt jedoch nach wie vor überdurchschnittlich hoch. Daher schlagen die Krankenkassen einen neuen ordnungspolitischen Rahmen vor, in dem eine flexiblere Patientenversorgung möglich und zugleich das tatsächliche Versorgungsgeschehen transparenter werden sollen.
Integration der psychiatrischen Versorgung über den Krankenhaussektor hinaus?
Authors: von Peter Sebastian , Heinze Martin , Schwarz Julian 
Published: November 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn dieser Arbeit werden Möglichkeiten untersucht, das psychiatrische Versorgungssystem weiterzuentwickeln, sodass Krankenkassen- und Teilhabeleistungen integrativ erbracht werden können. Anhand ausgewählter Modellvorhaben nach § 64b SGB V in den Städten Heide und Geesthacht werden Initiativen dargestellt, in denen eine sektor- und rechtskreisübergreifende Kooperation entwickelt wurde. Während die zentrale Triebkraft für Innovation in den Modellvorhaben die globale Budgetfinanzierung ist, besteht durch die Reform des Bundesteilhabegesetztes erstmals im SGB IX bzw. VIII Bereich die Möglichkeit, Globalbudgets zu vereinbaren. Hieran anknüpfend wir die Idee skizziert, wie durch Koppelung der Budgets sogenannte globale Behandlungs- und Teilhabebudgets (GBTB) geschaffen werden könnten. Im Rahmen eines GBTB könnten mobile, multiprofessionelle Teams die Leistungen der verschiedenen Sozialgesetzbücher integriert erbringen und somit Patienten mit komplexen Versorgungsbedarfen intensiv gemeindenah versorgen und stationäre Behandlungs- und Wohnformen vermeiden.
Sicht der Deutschen Krankenhausgesellschaft
Authors: Röske Anja , Fett Maria , Grüning Thilo 
Published: November 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Entwicklung regionaler krankenhauszentrierter Versorgungsnetzwerke ist aus Sicht der Deutschen Krankenhausgesellschaft (DKG) ein wichtiges Instrument zur nachhaltigen Weiterentwicklung der psychiatrischen und psychosomatischen Versorgungsstrukturen. Es bedarf einer stärkeren Öffnung der Krankenhäuser für die ambulante Versorgung und der Schaffung von Versorgungsnetzwerken mit fließenden Übergängen zwischen verschiedenen Behandlungsformen. Dies erfordert eine Anpassung der Vergütungssysteme und eine Koordination der Netzwerke im Rahmen der Krankenhausplanung der Bundesländer. Die Modellvorhaben nach § 64b SGB V haben gezeigt, dass sektoren- und settingübergreifende Versorgungskonzepte eine kontinuierliche und bedarfsgerechte Betreuung der Patienten ermöglichen. Dementsprechend schlägt die DKG vor, die Modellvorhaben als „Optionsmodell“ in die Regelversorgung zu überführen. Eine schrittweise Überführung mit Bedacht und unter Berücksichtigung der regionalen Besonderheiten ist dabei entscheidend.
Regionale Verantwortung übernehmen
Authors: Deister Arno , Heinze Martin , Kieser Christian , Wilms Bettina 
Published: November 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Beitrag beschreibt die Positionierung zu grundsätzlichen Veränderungen der psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischen Behandlung mit den Mitteln des Krankenhauses aus Sicht des Netzwerks „Steuerungs- und Anreizsysteme für eine moderne psychiatrische Versorgung“. Im Kern werden die Herausforderungen des Gesundheitssystems in Deutschland geschildert, die für Menschen bestehen, die von psychischen Erkrankungen betroffen sind und der Behandlungen mit den Mitteln des Krankenhauses bedürfen. Dabei wird die aktuell diskutierte Reform der Krankenhausversorgung in Deutschland als Chance gesehen, auch für die psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutische Behandlung zu einer verbesserten Nutzung knapper personeller und finanzieller Ressourcen zu kommen. Eine flexible und integrative Behandlung in Kombination ambulant, teil- und vollstationärer Settings, wie in den Modellprojekten nach § 64b SGB V erprobt, wird vorgeschlagen. Modelle, die als Globalbudgets alle Patienten in einer Region und alle betreffenden Krankenkassen mit einbeziehen, werden als finanziell sinnvolle Alternative zum System der Regelversorgung skizziert bei mindestens gleichwertigem und teilweise überlegenem Outcome, auch was Aspekte sozialer Teilhabe und Vermeidung von Zwang angeht. Konkrete Umsetzungsideen werden entwickelt und die Bedeutung wohnortnaher Behandlungsangebote unterstrichen.
High-resolution frequency-comb spectroscopy with electro-optic sampling and instantaneous octave-wide coverage across mid-IR to THz at a video rate
Authors: Konnov Dmitrii , Muraviev Andrey , Vasilyev Sergey , Vodopyanov Konstantin 
Published: November 2023

Ultrabroadband electro-optic sampling using few-optical-cycle probing pulses is a sensitive technique to detect electric field amplitudes with a high dynamic range and up to near-infrared optical frequencies. By combining this method with dual-frequency-comb spectroscopy and using a new class of ultrafast lasers, we perform high-resolution, 80 MHz/0.0027 cm−1 (10 MHz/0.0003 cm−1 with spectral interleaving), spectroscopic measurements in the frequency range 1.5–45 THz (6.6–200 µm), excluding the strongly absorbing Reststrahlen band of lattice resonances at 4.5–9 THz, with an instantaneous spectral coverage exceeding an octave (e.g., 9–22 μm). As a driving source, we use a pair of mutually coherent combs from Kerr-lens mode-locked solid-state Cr:ZnS (2.35 μm) lasers. One of the combs is frequency downconverted via intrapulse difference frequency generation to produce a longwave “sensing” comb, while the second comb is frequency doubled to produce a near-IR “probe” comb for electro-optic sampling (EOS). The low intensity and phase noise of our dual-comb system allow for capturing a large amount of spectral information (200 000 comb-mode-resolved spectral lines spaced by 80 MHz) in the mid-IR portion of the spectrum at a video rate of 69 Hz, with the signal-to-noise ratio limited by the shot noise of the near-IR EOS balanced detection system. Our dual-comb spectroscopy measurements with low-pressure gaseous ethanol, isoprene, and dimethyl sulfide reveal Doppler-limited spectroscopic signatures that have never been explored before.