bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight reduction in material extrusion composite parts: pin-bearing behavior analysis
Authors: Silvestri Alessia Teresa , Papa Ilaria , Giorleo Luca 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigated the performance of lightweight samples in pin-bearing tests. The samples were manufactured through Material Extrusion technology of nylon reinforced with short carbon fibers. Their design was based on infill strategy, density, and raster angle. Load–displacement curves and failure mechanisms were analyzed across configurations, with statistical methods applied to evaluate the influence of design factors on maximum stress, relative displacement, and stiffness. Results reveal distinct load–displacement behaviors and failure mechanisms, with deposition strategies tailored to specific final purposes. Specifically, the study identifies gyroid infill, 50% density, and a raster angle of 45° as the optimal solution for maximizing bearing stress. This configuration exhibits a weight and printing time reduction of 40% and 8% concerning the full sample, and a performance reduction in the range of 30–56%, considering both stress (28.2 MPa vs 65.8 MPa) and displacement reduction (9.4 mm vs 15.1 mm). Conversely, rectangular infill, 50% density and raster angle of 0° emerge as the optimal solution for minimizing displacement and maximizing stiffness. This configuration exhibits a weight and printing time reduction of 39% and 34%, in comparison to the full sample, and a performance reduction of about 65–70% (displacement of 4.6 mm at a maximum stress of 23.7 MPa). The triangular strategy can be used to reach elevated values for all output parameters (up to 25.9 MPa as maximum stress, 9.4 mm as maximum displacement, and 242.4 MPa for stiffness), with weight and printing time saving in the range of 41–54% and 34–36% respectively.
The Impact of Selected Comorbidities on the Necessity for Physiotherapy in Patients Hospitalised with COVID-19
Authors: Pastucha Dalibor , Guřan Zdeněk , Sněhotová Zuzana , Maďar Rastislav , Honzíková Lucie , Tomášková Hana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Data from 5173 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at the University Hospital of Ostrava (UHO) between March 2020 and December 2021 were analysed in this retrospective study. The research aimed to find out whether the comorbidities being present increased the need for acute rehabilitation during COVID-19 hospitalization. Data were examined using descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and binomial logistic regression. Among the total patient cohort (n = 5173), 27% required rehabilitation (RHB). The average age of patients was 64.9 ± 16.9 years, with rehabilitation durations ranging from 1 to 102 days. Of the rehabilitated patients, 92% (n = 1302) had hospital stays from 1 to 15 days, while 8% (n = 114) stayed more than 15 days. Patients had a median of 4 diagnoses each, with approximately one-fifth having more than six diagnoses. A weak but statistically significant positive association was observed for the length of rehabilitation and the number of diagnoses (Spearman’s correlation coefficient rs = 0.24). Adjusted statistical analysis revealed that patients with concomitant neurological conditions (G62, G81 according to ICD-10) (OR = 8.4; 95% CI 4.82–14.67) and certain respiratory diseases had the highest likelihood of requiring rehabilitation during their COVID-19 hospitalization. Additionally, patients with obesity were approximately 1.4 times more likely to need RHB than non-obese patients. The need for rehabilitation increased with the number of comorbidities, with the greatest need connected with neurological diagnosis. In light of these findings, more effective strategies for diagnosis, treatment and prevention can be developed for future epidemics or pandemics. It is imperative to reinforce health recommendations. The analysis of data enables the formulation of evidence-based public health guidelines that can serve as the foundation for a prompt and effective response in the event of another pandemic.
Which Technique is Preferable for Grade 2–3 Hemorrhoidal Disease: Laser vs. Rubber Band Ligation? A Retrospective Study
Authors: Emral Ahmet Cihangir , Gülen Merter , Ege Bahadır 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study is to compare the short and long-term results (postoperative pain, complications, return to daily life, recurrence) between patients who underwent laser hemorrhoidoplasty (LH) and rubber band ligation (RBL) due to grade 2–3 hemorrhoidal disease.

Methods
The results of patients who underwent LH and RBL between June 2020 and June 2023 for grade 2–3 hemorrhoidal disease were evaluated retrospectively. The patient information was examined in terms of operation time, postoperative 1st, 7th and 14th day visual analog scale (VAS) values, the amount of analgesic used in the first 7 postoperative days, return to normal life (days), recurrence within 1 year and other complications (postoperative bleeding, thrombosis, urinary retention, infection/abscess, anal stenosis, deterioration in continence).

Results
A total of 260 patients were included in the study, 166 of whom underwent RBL and 94 LH. Operation time, VAS values, postoperative 7-day analgesic use (mg), worsening of incontinence, time to return to normal life (days), complications and recurrence within 1 year evaluated. LH has statistically significant lower postoperative 1st day pain and less analgesic use (mg) than RBL (p < 0.001).

Conclusıons
LH and RBL both offer effective treatment options for grade 2–3 hemorrhoidal disease, with comparable recurrence rates and time to return to normal life. However, LH is associated with significantly less postoperative pain and analgesic use on the first postoperative day, potentially enhancing patient satisfaction.
Atmospheric Forcing Dominates the Interannual Variability of Convection Strength in the Irminger Sea
Authors: de Jong M. F. , Fogaren K. E. , Le Bras I. , McRaven L. , Palevsky H. I. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTransformation of light to dense waters by atmospheric cooling is key to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Subpolar Gyre. Convection in the center of the Irminger Gyre contributes to the formation of the densest waters east of Greenland. We present a 19‐year (2002–2020) weekly time series of hydrography and convection in the central Irminger Sea based on (bi‐)daily mooring profiles supplemented with Argo profiles. A 70‐year annual time series of shipboard hydrography shows that this mooring period is representative of longer‐term variability. The depth of convection varies strongly from winter to winter (288–1,500 dbar), with a mean March mixed layer depth (MLD) of 470 dbar and a mean maximum density reached of 27.70 ± 0.05 kg m−3. The densification of the water column by local convection directly impacts the sea surface height in the center of the Irminger Gyre and thus large‐scale circulation patterns. Both the observations and a Price‐Weller‐Pinkel mixed layer model analysis show that the main cause of interannual variability in MLD is the strength of the winter atmospheric surface forcing. Its role is three times as important as that of the strength of the maximum stratification in the preceding summer. Strong stratification as a result of a fresh surface anomaly similar to the one observed in 2010 can weaken convection by approximately 170 m on average, but changes in surface forcing will need to be taken into account as well when considering the evolution of Irminger Sea convection under climate change.
Gate modulation of the hole singlet-triplet qubit frequency in germanium
Authors: Rooney John , Luo Zhentao , Stehouwer Lucas E. A. , Scappucci Giordano , Veldhorst Menno , Jiang Hong-Wen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Spin qubits in germanium gate-defined quantum dots have made considerable progress within the last few years, partially due to their strong spin-orbit coupling and site-dependent g-tensors. While this characteristic of the g-factors removes the need for micromagnets and allows for the possibility of all-electric qubit control, relying on these g-tensors necessitates the need to understand their sensitivity to the confinement potential that defines the quantum dots. Here, we demonstrate a S − T_ qubit whose frequency is a strong function of the voltage applied to the barrier gate shared by the quantum dots. We find a g-factor that can be approximately increased by an order of magnitude adjusting the barrier gate voltage only by 12 mV. We show how this strong dependence could potentially be attributed to the dots moving through a variable strain environment in our device. This work not only reinforces previous findings that site-dependent g-tensors in germanium can be utilized for qubit manipulation, but reveals the sensitivity and tunability these g-tensors have to the electrostatic confinement of the quantum dot.
High-dimensional coherent one-way quantum key distribution
Authors: Sulimany Kfir , Pelc Guy , Dudkiewicz Rom , Korenblit Simcha , Eisenberg Hagai S. , Bromberg Yaron , Ben-Or Michael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
High-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) offers secure communication with key rates that surpass those of QKD protocols utilizing two-dimensional encoding. However, existing high-dimensional QKD protocols require additional experimental resources, such as multiport interferometers and multiple detectors, thereby increasing the cost of high-dimensional systems and limiting their use. We introduce and analyze a high-dimensional QKD protocol that requires only standard two-dimensional hardware. We provide security analysis against individual and coherent attacks, establishing upper and lower bounds on the secure key rates. We tested our protocol on a standard two-dimensional QKD system over a 40 km fiber link, achieving a twofold increase in secure key rate compared to the standard two-dimensional coherent one-way protocol, without any hardware modifications. This work offers a significant improvement in the performance of already deployed QKD systems through simple software updates and holds broad applicability across various QKD schemes, making high-dimensional QKD practical for widespread use.
Measuring the quantum state of photoelectrons
Authors: Laurell Hugo , Luo Sizuo , Weissenbilder Robin , Ammitzböll Mattias , Ahmed Shahnawaz , Söderberg Hugo , Petersson C. Leon. M. , Poulain Vénus , Guo Chen , Dittel Christoph , Finkelstein-Shapiro Daniel , Squibb Richard J. , Feifel Raimund , Gisselbrecht Mathieu , Arnold Cord L. , Buchleitner Andreas , Lindroth Eva , Frisk Kockum Anton , L’Huillier Anne , Busto David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A photoelectron, emitted due to the absorption of light quanta as described by the photoelectric effect, is often characterized experimentally by a classical quantity, its momentum. However, since the photoelectron is a quantum object, its rigorous characterization requires the reconstruction of the complete quantum state, the photoelectron’s density matrix. Here we use quantum-state tomography to fully characterize photoelectrons emitted from helium and argon atoms upon absorption of ultrashort, extreme ultraviolet light pulses. While in helium we measure a pure photoelectronic state, in argon, spin–orbit interaction induces entanglement between the ion and the photoelectron, leading to a reduced purity of the photoelectron state. Our work shows how state tomography gives new insights into the fundamental quantum aspects of light-induced electronic processes in matter, bridging the fields of photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum information and offering new spectroscopic possibilities for quantum technology.
SARS-CoV-2 evolution on a dynamic immune landscape
Authors: Raharinirina N. Alexia , Gubela Nils , Börnigen Daniela , Smith Maureen Rebecca , Oh Djin-Ye , Budt Matthias , Mache Christin , Schillings Claudia , Fuchs Stephan , Dürrwald Ralf , Wolff Thorsten , Hölzer Martin , Paraskevopoulou Sofia , von Kleist Max 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Since the onset of the pandemic, many SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged, exhibiting substantial evolution in the virus’ spike protein1, the main target of neutralizing antibodies2. A plausible hypothesis proposes that the virus evolves to evade antibody-mediated neutralization (vaccine- or infection-induced) to maximize its ability to infect an immunologically experienced population1,3. Because viral infection induces neutralizing antibodies, viral evolution may thus navigate on a dynamic immune landscape that is shaped by local infection history. Here we developed a comprehensive mechanistic model, incorporating deep mutational scanning data4,5, antibody pharmacokinetics and regional genomic surveillance data, to predict the variant-specific relative number of susceptible individuals over time. We show that this quantity precisely matched historical variant dynamics, predicted future variant dynamics and explained global differences in variant dynamics. Our work strongly suggests that the ongoing pandemic continues to shape variant-specific population immunity, which determines a variant’s ability to transmit, thus defining variant fitness. The model can be applied to any region by utilizing local genomic surveillance data, allows contextualizing risk assessment of variants and provides information for vaccine design.
Emergence of opposing arrows of time in open quantum systems
Authors: Guff Thomas , Shastry Chintalpati Umashankar , Rocco Andrea 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Deriving an arrow of time from time-reversal symmetric microscopic dynamics is a fundamental open problem in many areas of physics, ranging from cosmology, to particle physics, to thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. Here we focus on the derivation of the arrow of time in open quantum systems and study precisely how time-reversal symmetry is broken. This derivation involves the Markov approximation applied to a system interacting with an infinite heat bath. We find that the Markov approximation does not imply a violation of time-reversal symmetry. Our results show instead that the time-reversal symmetry is maintained in the derived equations of motion. This imposes a time-symmetric formulation of quantum Brownian motion, Lindblad and Pauli master equations, which hence describe thermalisation that may occur into two opposing time directions. As a consequence, we argue that these dynamics are better described by a time-symmetric definition of Markovianity. Our results may reflect on the formulations of the arrow of time in thermodynamics, cosmology, and quantum mechanics.
Powertrain configuration design for two mode power split hybrid electric vehicle
Authors: Ke Tao , Nie Liangyi , Kecskeméthy Andrés 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hybrid transmissions have attracted great attention in the automotive industry due to their energy-saving, low-emission properties, and have become a focus of research and development. This paper presents a new method to design the configuration of two mode power split hybrid transmission using the combination of the simple planetary gear trains (PGT). For this purpose, the hybrid transmission structure is divided into two substructures, which achieve different operation modes respectively. Then the output of one substructure is reconnected with the components of another substructure to obtain the complete hybrid transmission configuration. In addition, by adding additional shifting elements, the hybrid configurations can also realize the fixed gear mode as a traditional automatic transmission. As a result, 38 hybrid transmissions are obtained, and the kinematic analysis of a new configuration is performed for the subsequent optimization. Furthermore, using this decomposition and recombination method, the hybrid transmissions with multiple PGTs and different operation modes can be synthesized by changing the predefined modes.
Impact of polyvinyl chloride nano-plastics on the biochemical status of Oreochromis niloticus under a predicted global warming scenario
Authors: Soliman Ahmed Mohamed , Mohamed Ayman S. , Abdel-Khalek Amr A. , Badran Shereen R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Plastic pollution and global warming are widespread issues that lead to several impacts on aquatic organisms. Despite harmful studies on both subjects, there are few studies on how temperature increases plastics’ adverse effects on aquatic animals, mainly freshwater species. So, this study aims to clarify the potential impact of temperature increases on the toxicological properties of polyvinyl chloride nano-plastics (PVC-NPs) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by measuring biochemical and oxidative biomarkers. The fish groups were subjected to three distinct temperatures (30, 32, and 34 °C) and subsequently separated into two groups: 0 and 10 mg/L of PVC-NPs, as it is expected that these temperatures may modify their chemical properties, which can influence their absorption and toxicity in fish. After 4 days, the biochemical response of fish exposed to PVC-NPs and elevated temperatures showed a significant increase in the levels of plasma total proteins, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine, and uric acid. Additionally, the level of oxidative stress biomarkers in the liver, gills, and brain was found to have a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and a decrease in glutathione reduced (GSH) concentration and catalase (CAT) activity in all studied groups. Finally, the current findings revealed a synergistic cytotoxic effect of PVC-NPs and temperatures on the metabolic and oxidative stress indices of O. niloticus.
Re-locative guided search optimized self-sparse attention enabled deep learning decoder for quantum error correction
Authors: Shinde Umesh Uttamrao , Bandaru Ravikumar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Heavy hexagonal coding is a type of quantum error-correcting coding in which the edges and vertices of a low-degree graph are assigned auxiliary and physical qubits. While many topological code decoders have been presented, it is still difficult to construct the optimal decoder due to leakage errors and qubit collision. Therefore, this research proposes a Re-locative Guided Search optimized self-sparse attention-enabled convolutional Neural Network with Long Short-Term Memory (RlGS2-DCNTM) for performing effective error correction in quantum codes. The integration of the self-sparse attention mechanism in the proposed model increases the feature learning ability of the model to selectively focus on informative regions of the input codes. In addition, the use of statistical features computes the statistical properties of the input, thus aiding the model to perform complex tasks effectively. For model tuning, this research utilizes the RIGS nature-inspired algorithm that mimics the re-locative, foraging, and hunting strategies, which avoids local optima problems and improves the convergence speed of the RlGS2-DCNTM for Quantum error correction. When compared with other methods, the proposed RlGS2-DCNTM algorithm offers superior efficacy with a Minimum Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 4.26, Root Mean Squared Error of 2.06, Mean Absolute Error of 1.14 and a maximum correlation and
$$R^2$$
of 0.96 and 0.92 respectively, which shows that the proposed model is highly suitable for real-time error decoding tasks.
The shifting of buffer crop repertoires in pre-industrial north-eastern Europe
Authors: Abdrakhmanov Meiirzhan , Kempf Michael , Karaliute Ruta , Guzowski Piotr , Lauzikas Rimvydas , Depaermentier Margaux L. C. , Poniat Radosław , Matuzeviciute Giedre Motuzaite 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study explores how major climatic shifts, together with socioeconomic factors over the past two millennia, influenced buffer crop selection, focusing on five crops: rye, millet, buckwheat, oat, and hemp. For this study, we analyzed archaeobotanical data from 135 archaeological contexts and historical data from 242 manor inventories across the northeastern Baltic region, spanning the period from 100 to 1800 AD. Our findings revealed that rye remained a main staple crop throughout the studied periods reflecting environmental adaptation to northern latitudes. The drought-tolerant and thermophilic millet crop exhibited resilience during the adverse dry climatic conditions of the Medieval Climatic Anomaly while showing a significant decline during the Little Ice Age. During the period of post-1500 AD, a significant shift towards cold-resilient summer crops such as buckwheat and hemp is recorded. This study enhances our understanding of how historical agricultural systems responded to both socioeconomic factors and climatic change in northern latitudes, offering notable potential solutions for modern agricultural practices in the face of future climate variability trends.
Impact of severe dysphagia on overall survival after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
Authors: Shimamoto Kazumi , Matsui Ryota , Nishiyama Yorihiro , Nishino Kyohei , Ban Hiromitsu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of severe dysphagia on the overall survival of patients who underwent PEG. A cohort of patients who underwent PEG between April 2016 and April 2021 was retrospectively analyzed. The Hyodo–Komagane score was used to evaluate swallowing via endoscopy. Patients with a Hyodo–Komagane score ≤ 8 were defined as having moderate dysphagia, whereas those with a score ≥ 9 were defined as having severe dysphagia. The primary outcome was overall survival. The prognostic factors were identified using multivariate analysis with the Cox proportional hazards model. Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Among the 107 patients, 60 (56.1%) were classified into the moderate dysphagia group and 47 (43.9%) into the severe dysphagia group. The median follow-up period was 16.7 months. The overall survival was significantly worse in the severe group than in the moderate group (p < 0.0001). A multivariate analysis revealed that severe dysphagia was an independent poor prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 2.956; 95% confidence interval, 1.592–5.489; p < 0.001). Aspiration-related pneumonia was most common causes of death after PEG. Severe dysphagia was identified as an independent poor prognostic factor for survival in patients who underwent PEG.